bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability of Socio-Cognitive Determinants of Water Intake Questionnaire in Kidney Stones Patients
Authors: Mirzaei-Alavijeh Mehdi , Jalilian Farzad , Fatahi Halimeh , Solaimanizadeh Laleh , Saadatfar Abdollah , Khashij Shima 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Developing a valid and reliable questionnaire is an important step in field studies. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric propertiesof the socio-cognitive determinants of water intake questionnaire behaviors among patients with kidney stones in the west of Iran.Methods Construct items were elicited from interviews with kidney stones patients, experts and socio-cognitive items pool-related similar questionnaires. Internal consistency, face, content, and construct validity were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS (ver. 20.0).Results Based on Eigenvalues of ≥ 1.00 and factor loadings of ≥ 0.40, five determinants were extracted. The calculated Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) value was 0.697. The socio-cognitive determinants of water intake questionnaires were found to have acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach alpha of determinants between 0.65-0.85) and the theoretical assumptions for face, content, and construct validities were confirmed. The Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of socio-cognitive determinants was high (ICC between 0.810 - 0.911). Overall, the five studied socio-cognitive determinants explained 73.83% of the variance in the proposed model.Conclusions The socio-cognitive determinants of water intake questionnaire were revealed to have an acceptable psychometric evaluation. The questionnaire could be used to predict or explain water intake behavior in order to develop programs to increase water intake behavior among kidney stones patients.
Mediating Effects of Metacognitive Learning Strategies in the Relationship between Learning-related Emotions and Academic Self-efficacy with Academic Performance in Medical Students
Authors: Hayat Ali Asghar , Shatery Karim , Amini Mitra , Shokrpour Nasrin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recognition of the factors affecting the medical students’ academic success is one of the most important challenges and concerns in medical schools. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of metacognitive learning strategies in the relationship between learning-related emotions and academic self-efficacy with academic performance in medical students. Methods: The present study was carried out on 279 students of medicine studying in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The students filled out three questionnaires: academic emotions (AEQ), metacognitive learning strategies, and academic self-efficacy questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS3. Results: The results of structural equation modeling revealed that the students’ self-efficacy has an impact on their positive emotions and metacognitive learning strategies, and these in turn affect the students’ academic performance. Moreover, positive emotions influence the metacognitive learning strategies which in turn mediate the effect of positive emotions on the academic performance.Discussion: The results of this study revealed that metacognitive strategies can play a mediating role in the students’ self-efficacy, positive emotions, and academic performance. Therefore, in case we can strengthen the students’ self-efficacy and their positive academic emotions, their performance will improve. Keywords: Academic self-efficacy, learning related emotions, metacognitive strategies, academic performance, medical students
The significance of resilience in mental health promotion of marriage immigrant women: A qualitative study of factors and processes
Authors: Jo Yeonjae 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: This study explores a series of processes in which marriage immigrant women achieve positive mental health status after experiencing various marriage- and migrant-related difficulties through the framework of resilience theory. As marriage immigrant women face greater barriers to public health services than non-immigrant women, it is necessary to understand the related factors, process, and context to address these barriers and strengthen available assets. Methods: A qualitative case study design was used with the phenomenological approach. Eleven mental health promotion program managers and twelve marriage immigrant women from who experienced resilience were recruited from four public-funded multicultural community centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, between December 2015 and March 2016. Using data from in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews, the author applied theme analysis informed by the resilience theory in order to identify factors that affect resilience and its development process. Results: Findings indicated that the process of resilience follows enduring difficulties, collapse of stability, access to professional help, professional and social support, and experience of growth. A combination of the staged process of growth, absence of partner support, children as a driving force for change, the need for economic activity, factors affecting difference in growth: satisfaction levels of women’s need for recognition, respect, and reward, and level of spousal support were identified as factors affecting marriage immigrant women’s resilience. Conclusions: Spouses, children, and economic activity play key roles in resilience in positive and negative ways. The existing information barrier should be addressed at a structural level to improve the mental health of marriage immigrant women, and the optimum time for intervention is suggested within two years post-migration. Efforts to build supportive relationships with Korean spouses and meet the women’s needs for recognition, respect, and reward may also help promote these women’s resilience. Keywords: marriage immigrant women; women’s health; mental health; access to service; resilience theory; qualitative research
Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by group B streptococcus; case reports and review of 35 reported cases
Authors: Yoshida Masaaki , Yokokura Shunji , Nishida Takashi , Mochizuki Kiyofumi , Suzuki Takashi , Maruyama Kazuichi , Otomo Takaaki , Nishiguchi Koji M , Kunikata Hiroshi , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background: Group B streptococcus (GBS), a gram-positive coccus that occasionally causes neonatal sepsis or invasive infection in the elderly, has been considered a rare cause of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (EBE). However, the number of invasive GBS infections is increasing, particularly in elderly patients with underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease and cancer. We report 6 cases of EBE caused by GBS and review the literature. Methods: Retrospective case series and literature review Results: In the current case series, 6 eyes of 6 patients developed EBE caused by GBS. The average age was 73.5 years. The focus of infection included the urinary tract, cellulitis, arthritis, peritonitis, catheter-associated infection and endocarditis. Four patients had DM. While all 6 strains were sensitive to β-lactams (penicillins and cephems), 4 strains were resistant to levofloxacin (no data for 1 isolate). Each case was treated with the systemic antibiotic to which the individual strain was sensitive. All cases showed poor visual acuity at presentation (decimal visual acuity: less than 0.03). Vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics injection was performed in 4 cases. Visual acuity recovered in 4 cases and did not recover in 2 cases, even after vitrectomy. The literature review of 53 eyes of 41 patients revealed that 60% of eyes finally lost all vision, and death occurred in 2 cases. Initial visual acuity of less than counting fingers was associated with a final outcome of lost vision. Of 41 patients, 13 (32%) had DM as an underlying medical condition. The most common extra-ocular infection site was endocarditis (37%). Conclusions: DM is common in patients with EBE caused by GBS. While the 4 cases in the current report had a relatively good visual acuity outcome, despite poor initial visual acuity, the literature review indicated that EBE caused by GBS is generally a severe condition with a poor prognosis. The current study also indicates the importance of considering the possibility of endocarditis on encountering EBE caused by GBS.
Evaluation of dialysis centres: Values and criteria of the stakeholders
Authors: Parra Eduardo , Arenas María Dolores , Luis María José Fernandez-Reyes , Forcén Angel Blasco , Alvarez-Ude Fernando , Joven Juan Aguarón , Casas Alfredo Altuzarra , Moreno-Jiménez José María 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bacground Evaluation of renal replacement therapy with haemodialysis is essential for its improvement. However, the methods used have important epistemological limitations. The present study aimed to determine the opinions and preferences of stakeholders (patients, clinicians, and managers) and establish their relative importance to facilitating an adequate evaluation. Methods Successive working groups (WGs) were established using a multicriteria methodology. WG1 created a draft of criteria and sub-criteria, WG2 agreed, and WG3 was composed of three face-to-face subgroups (WG3-A, WG3-B, and WG3-C) that weighted them using two methodologies: weighting sum (WS) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Subsequently, they determined a preference for the WS or AHP results. Finally, via the Internet, WG4 weighted the criteria and sub-criteria by the method preferred by WG3, and WG5 analysed the results. Results WG1 and WG2 identified and agreed on the following evaluation criteria: evidence-based variables (EBVs), annual morbidity, annual mortality, PROMs, and PREMs. The EBVs consisted of five sub-criteria: type of vascular access, dialysis dose, haemoglobin concentration, ratio of catheter bacteraemia, and bone mineral disease. The patients rated the PROMs with greater weight than the other stakeholders in both face-to-face WG3 (WS and AHP) and WG4 via the Internet. The type of vascular access was the most valued sub-criterion. A performance matrix of each criterion and sub-criterion is presented as a reference for assessing the results based on the preferences of the stakeholders. Conclusions The use of a multicriteria methodology allows the relative importance of the indicators to be determined, reflecting the values of the different stakeholders. In a performance matrix, the inclusion of values and intangible aspects in the evaluation could help in making clinical and organizational decisions.
Gene Loss and Evolution of the Plastome
Authors: Mohanta Tapan Kumar , Khan Adil , Khan Abdul Latif , Hashem Abeer , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi , Al-Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chloroplasts are unique organelles within plant cells and are ultimately responsible for sustaining life forms on the earth due to their ability to conduct photosynthesis. Multiple functional genes within the chloroplast are responsible for a variety of metabolic processes that occur in the chloroplast. Considering its fundamental role in sustaining life on earth, it is important to identify the level of diversity present in the chloroplast genome, what genes and genomic content have been lost, what genes have been transferred to the nuclear genome, duplication events, and the overall origin and evolution of the chloroplast genome. Our analysis of 2511 chloroplast genomes indicated that the genome size and number of CDS in the chloroplasts of algae are higher relative to other lineages. Approximately 10.31% of the examined species have lost the inverted repeats (IR) that span across the lineages that comprise algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperm, angiosperms, magnoliids, and protists. Genome-wide analyses revealed that the loss of the Rbcl gene in parasitic and heterotrophic plant species occurred approximately 56 Ma ago. PsaM, Psb30, ChlB, ChlL, ChlN, and Rpl21 were found to be characteristic signature genes of chloroplast genome of algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms; while none of these genes were found in the angiosperm or magnoliid lineage which appeared to have lost them approximately 203-156 Ma ago. A variety of chloroplast encoding genes were lost across different species lineages throughout the evolutionary process. The Rpl20 gene, however, was found to be the most stable and intact gene in the chloroplast genome and was not lost in any of the analysed species; suggesting that it is a signature gene of the plastome. Our evolutionary analysis indicated that chloroplast genomes evolved from multiple common ancestors ~1293 Ma ago and have undergone vivid recombination events across different taxonomic lineages. Additionally, our findings support the hypothesis that these recombination events are the most probable cause behind the dynamic loss of chloroplast genes and inverted repeats in different species.
Abnormal Cisatracurium Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics among Patients with Severe Aortic Regurgitation during Anesthetic Induction
Authors: Huang Xiaocong , Chen Lei , Cai Yujing , Wei Jinfeng , Lin Lina , Sun Jie , Peng Xuemei , Wang Sheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background This study was designed to examine whether severe aortic regurgitation will affect the pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of cisatracurium during anesthetic induction.
Methods A total of 32 patients were divided into two groups: the AR group (n=16) and the control group (n=16). Arterial blood samples were drawn before and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16 and 20 minutes after intravenous injection of 0.15mg/kg cisatracurium. TOF tests were applied to determine the onset time of maximal muscle relaxation. The concentration of cisatracurium in plasma was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results The onset time to maximal neuromuscular block was prolonged from 2.07(0.08) minutes to 4.03±0.14 minutes, which indicated that the PD responses to cisatracurium were significantly delayed in the AR group (P<0.05) compared to the control group.
A conventional two-compartment PK model showed a higher plasma concentration of cisatracurium among the AR group with markedly reduced intercompartment transfer rate (K12= 0.19±0.02 and K21= 0.11±0.01 in the AR group vs. K12=0.26±0.01 and K21= 0.19±0.01 in the control group, P<0.01) compared to the control group.
Conclusion Backward blood flow during diastole in severe AR impaired distribution of cisatracurium from the central compartment to the peripheral compartment, which accounted for the lagged PD responses.Findings in this study underlie the importance of muscular blockade monitoring among patients with severe aortic regurgitation during anesthetic induction.
Comparison of hierarchical EMAX and NDLM models in dose-response for early phase clinical trials
Authors: Gajewski Byron , Huang Xiaqing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Phase II clinical trials are primarily aimed to find the optimal dose and investigate the relation between dose and efficacy relative to standard of care (control). Therefore, before moving forward to phase III confirmatory trial, the most effective dose is needed to be identified. The primary endpoint of phase II trial is typically a binary endpoint of success or failure. The EMAX model, ubiquitous in pharmacology research, was fit for many compounds and described the data well, except for a single compound, which had nonmonotone dose–response (Thomas et al., 2014). To mitigate the risk of nonmonotone dose response one of the alternative options is Bayesian hierarchical EMAX model (Gajewski et al., 2019). The hierarchical EMAX is a Proteus dose-response model, it adapts to its environment. When dose-response is monotonic it enjoys efficiency of EMAX. When dose-response is non-monotonic the additional random effect hyperprior makes the hierarchical EMAX model more adjustable and flexible. However, the normal dynamic linear model (NDLM) is a useful model to explore dose-response relation in that the efficacy at the current dose depends on the efficacy of the previous dose(s). Previous research has compared the EMAX to the hierarchical EMAX (Gajewski et al., 2019) and the EMAX to the NDLM (Liu et al., 2017), however, the hierarchical EMAX has not been directly compared to the NDLM. The focus of this paper is to compare these models and discuss the relative merit for each of their uses for an ongoing early phase dose selection study.
Worse treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in young patients with locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yiyi , Xu Meifang , Wu Yong , Li Shoufeng , Liu Xing , Guan Guoxian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background To evaluate the impact of age on the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and explore the underlying mechanism.Method LARC patients undergoing NCRT and radical surgery from 2011 to 2018 were divided into young (<40 years) and old (≥40 years) groups. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for pathological complete response (pCR). Predictive nomograms and decision curve analysis were used to compare the models including/excluding age groups. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect CD133 expression in LARC patients.Result A total of 901 LARC patients were analyzed. The young group was associated with poorly differentiated tumors, more metastatic lymph nodes, higher perineural invasion, and a lower tumor regression grade (P = 0.008; P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P = 0.003). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age <40 years (HR = 2.190, P = 0.044), tumor size (HR = 0.538, P < 0.001), pre-NCRT cN stage (HR = 0.570, P = 0.036), and post-NCRT CEA level (HR = 0.877, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with pCR. Predictive nomograms and decision curve analysis demonstrated that the predictive ability of models including the age group was superior to that of models excluding the age group. Higher CD133 expression was more common in young LARC patients.Conclusion Young patients with LARC were associated with lower pCR rates following NCRT. The ability of the predictive model was greater when based on the age group. Young LARC patients were associated with a higher CD133+ tumor stem cell burden, which contributed to the lower pCR rates.
Hospital readmission and mortality: associations to a hospital frailty risk score in a national sample of US older adults with pre-existing coronary heart disease, an observational study.
Authors: Davis-Ajami Mary Lynn , Chang Pei-Shuin , Wu Jun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common form of heart disease and a leading cause of death in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although frailty has been studied in CVD, a condition encompassing heart disease and stroke, frailty in hospitalized elders with CHD is under researched. The study aimed to examine how a Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) influenced readmission and in-hospital mortality rates in older patients with CHD.Methods Adults > 65 years with pre-existing CHD identified by ICD-10-CM codes from the 2016 Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) were included in the study. Frailty risk was determined using a validated Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) based on ICD-10-CM codes. Readmission was defined as a) any subsequent inpatient readmission and b) 30-day readmission after an index event. In-hospital mortality was measured as death during index event, any readmission death, and death during a 30-day readmission.Results Frailty risk was identified in 92.4% of the 1.09 million eligible adults with CHD. Readmission and in-hospital mortality rates were higher in frail patients. Compared to the non-frail, patients with low, intermediate, and high frailty risk showed 27% vs 28%, 47% vs 49%, and 42% vs 49% greater risk for readmission and 30-day readmission, respectively. Patients with intermediate and high frailty risk were 2.31 and 3.44 times more likely to die during the index events, 2.15 and 2.44 times more likely to die during readmission, and 2.26 and 2.68 times more likely to die during 30-day readmission.Conclusion Readmission and mortality rates increased proportionally to the level of frailty risk in older adults with CHD. CHD, frailty, and older age together profoundly impact patients’ health outcomes in negative ways and places patients at a higher risk of mortality and readmission rate than non-frail patients. Further research should investigate interventions to improve frailty risk in CHD.
Psychosocial resources in middle-aged and older adults with complex health care needs: results of a qualitative study
Authors: Maatouk Imad , Wilke Stefanie , Böhlen Friederike , Nikendei Christoph , Schöttker Ben , Herzog Wolfgang , Wild Beate 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background Older adults with multiple chronic somatic diseases are challenged by mental comorbidities and social environmental changes resulting in complex bio-psychosocial healthcare needs. Comparatively few studies have addressed the coping strategies and resources of this highly vulnerable group. This study used the INTERMED interview method as a basis to investigate the resources of home-dwelling older adults with complex health care needs. Methods Following a randomized controlled trial this qualitative study analyzed detailed notes taken by a trained psychosomatic doctor during 24 interventional supportive counseling home visits. The randomized controlled trial participants were recruited from the ESTHER cohort study, a population-based study of older adults conducted in the state of Saarland, Southwest Germany. Patients with complex health care needs identified with the INTERMED interview received the supportive counseling home visit intervention, which followed the principles of narrative-based medicine and explored the personal resources of the participants. Notes from 24 supportive counseling home visits were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results The qualitative analysis from 24 home visits identified 387 single codes, from which two main categories and 14 subcategories were derived. Participants with complex health care needs named currently available present resources and personal/long-lasting resources representing the main categories. Eight main categories were derived within the field of currently available resources that were deemed helpful to cope with the actual situation. Personal/long-lasting resources comprise statements that reflect personal experiential and attitudinal resources gained through socialization and internalization of interpersonal experiences. Conclusion The highly vulnerable group of complex patients reported many social, personal and structural resources that play significant roles in helping them to deal with their current situation. Home care professionals need skills to recognize and use the many different potential resources each client is able to access, which could enhance their well-being.