bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL (GBS) DISEASE SCREENING AND TREATMENT DURING PREGNANCY: NURSE‐MIDWIVES‘ CONSISTENCY WITH 1996 CDC RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors: Bloom Kathaleen C. , Ewing C. Ann 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTObjective: In 1998, the screening and treatment practices of certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs) for group B streptococcal (GBS) infection during pregnancy were studied and evaluated for their consistency with the 1996 perinatal GBS prevention guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Methodology: Five hundred thirty‐nine surveys were completed by CNMs attending the 1998 American College of Nurse‐Midwives' Convention. Of these, 502 (94.7%) reported a practice policy for GBS prophylaxis.Results: The Culture‐Based Approach was used by 66.7% and the Obstetrical Risk Factor Approach by 28%. Most (69%) reported using multiple culture sites, most commonly the proximal vagina and anorectal area (33.2%), followed by the distal vagina and anorectal area (26.7%), and the anorectal area and proximal and distal vagina (7.1%). Most CNMs (92.5%) reported treating GBS intrapartally, with penicillin the most frequently reported antimicrobial (55.0%) used, and most (94.2%) reporting treatment through labor until birth.Conclusion: Overall, GBS prophylaxis practices among survey respondents comply with 1996 CDC recommendations; however, GBS screening practices show room for improvement and the need for continuing education that emphasizes the CDC guidelines, updates as they become available, and other new literature about the topic. In addition, heightened awareness among all perinatal providers is needed with respect to CDC guidelines, especially as they pertain to variations in culture sites, identification of risk categories, and the selection of appropriate antimicrobial treatment agents.
Unravelling the Molecular Origin of Organic Semiconductors with High‐Performance Thermoelectric Response
Authors: Shi Wen , Wong Zicong Marvin , Deng Tianqi , Wu Gang , Yang Shuo‐Wang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA decisive prerequisite toward systematic development of high‐efficiency organic thermoelectric materials is not only thoroughly understanding the microscopic physical processes controlling the performance, but also precisely correlating such processes and the macroscopic properties to the basic chemical structures. Here, by using multiscale first‐principles calculations, the interplay among thermoelectric properties, microscopic transport parameters, and molecular structures for the whole family of small‐molecule organic thermoelectric materials is rationalized, and general molecular design principles are concurrently formulated. It is unveiled that thermoelectric power factor of a wide variety of molecular semiconductors is directly proportional to a unified quality factor, and high‐performance thermoelectric response demands to boost the intermolecular electronic coupling, and to suppress the interaction of electron with lattice vibrations. Furthermore, it is uncovered that extending the π‐conjugated backbones along the long axis, and maximizing the networks of intermolecular S···S or CH···π contacts meet the proposed material design rule.
Operando Tailoring of Defects and Strains in Corrugated β‐Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets for Stable and High‐Rate Energy Storage
Authors: Li Shaofeng , Sharma Nikhil , Yu Chang , Zhang Yan , Wan Gang , Fu Rong , Huang Hongling , Sun Xueyan , Lee Sang‐Jun , Lee Jun‐Sik , Nordlund Dennis , Pianetta Piero , Zhao Kejie , Liu Yijin , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNickel hydroxide represents a technologically important material for energy storage, such as hybrid supercapacitors. It has two different crystallographic polymorphs, α‐ and β‐Ni(OH)2, showing advantages in either theoretical capacity or cycling/rate performance, manifesting a trade‐off trend that needs to be optimized for practical applications. Here, the synergistic superiorities in both activity and stability of corrugated β‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets are demonstrated through an electrochemical abuse approach. With ≈91% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles, the corrugated β‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets can deliver a gravimetric capacity of 457 C g−1 at a high current density of 30 A g−1, which is nearly two and four times that of the regular α‐ and β‐Ni(OH)2, respectively. Operando spectroscopy and finite element analysis reveal that greatly enhanced chemical activity and structural robustness can be attributed to the in situ tailored lattice defects and the strain‐induced highly curved micromorphology. This work demonstrates a multi‐scale defect‐and‐strain co‐design strategy, which is helpful for rational design and tuned fabrication of next‐generation electrode materials for stable and high‐rate energy storage.
Turning On Solid‐State Luminescence by Phototriggered Subtle Molecular Conformation Variations
Authors: Zhao Weijun , Liu Zhiyang , Yu Jie , Lu Xuefeng , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sun Jinyan , He Zikai , Ma Huili , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of solid‐state intelligent materials, in particular those showing photoresponsive luminescence (PRL), is highly desirable for their cutting‐edge applications in sensors, displays, data‐storage, and anti‐counterfeiting, but is challenging. Few PRL materials are constructed by tethering the classic photochromic systems with newly‐emerged solid‐state emitters. Selective solid‐state photoreactions are demanded to precisely manipulate the luminescent behavior of these emitters, which require dramatic structural change and enough free space, thus limiting the scope of the PRL family. Here, a new PRL material, TPE‐4N, that features sensitive and reversible fluorescence switching is reported. The interesting on–off luminescent property of TPE‐4N can be facilely tuned through fast phototriggering and thermal annealing. Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that subtle molecular conformation variation induces the corresponding PRL behavior. The crystalline and amorphous state endows an efficient and weak ISC process, respectively, to turn on and off the emission. The readily fabricated thin‐film of TPE‐4N exhibits non‐destructive PRL behavior with high contrast (>102), good light transmittance (>72.3%), and great durability and reversibility under room light for months. Remarkably, a uniform thin‐film with such fascinating PRL properties allows high‐tech applications in invisible anti‐counterfeiting and dynamic optical data storage with micro‐resolution.
Asymmetric Light Scattering on Heterodimers Made of Au Nanorods Vertically Standing on Au Nanodisks
Authors: Lai Yunhe , Cui Ximin , Li Nannan , Shao Lei , Zhang Wei , Wang Jianfang , Lin Hai‐Qing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDirectional light control at nanoscale shows great potential in applications such as holograms, optical neural networks, and ultracompact photonic circuits. Plasmonic nanostructures with designed geometrical shapes or complex architectures have been employed to manipulate light directionally. The interaction among the electric dipole and multipole resonances in plasmonic nanostructures enables the wavefront reshaping of light, leading to directional light scattering behaviors. However, traditional methods for directional light control suffer from complicated fabrication procedures and large footprints. In this work, heterodimers are constructed out of chemically grown Au nanodisks and Au nanorods, with the nanorod sitting vertically on the nanodisk, and their directional light scattering behaviors are studied. When the nanorod is located off the center of the nanodisk, the incident light is scattered asymmetrically by the heterodimer, producing a crescent‐shaped far‐field scattering pattern. The light scattering directionality of the heterodimers is further proved to be highly dependent on the aspect ratio of the nanorod, the relative position of the two nanocrystals, and the orientation of the nanorod. The study provides a solid and useful foundation for the directional light manipulation in ultracompact nanophotonic systems.
Chemoreactive Nanotherapeutics by Metal Peroxide Based Nanomedicine
Authors: Hu Hui , Yu Luodan , Qian Xiaoqin , Chen Yu , Chen Baoding , Li Yuehua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe advances of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine enable the triggering of in situ chemical reactions in disease microenvironment for achieving disease‐specific nanotherapeutics with both intriguing therapeutic efficacy and mitigated side effects. Metal peroxide based nanoparticles, as one of the important but generally ignored categories of metal‐involved nanosystems, can function as the solid precursors to produce oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through simple chemical reactions, both of which are the important chemical species for enhancing the therapeutic outcome of versatile modalities, accompanied with the unique bioactivity of metal ion based components. This progress report summarizes and discusses the most representative paradigms of metal peroxides in chemoreactive nanomedicine, including copper peroxide (CuO2), calcium peroxide (CaO2), magnesium peroxide (MgO2), zinc peroxide (ZnO2), barium peroxide (BaO2), and titanium peroxide (TiOx) nanosystems. Their reactions and corresponding products have been broadly explored in versatile disease treatments, including catalytic nanotherapeutics, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, antibacterial infection, tissue regeneration, and some synergistically therapeutic applications. This progress report particularly focuses on the underlying reaction mechanisms on enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of these modalities, accompanied with the discussion on their biological effects and biosafety. The existing gap between fundamental research and clinical translation of these metal peroxide based nanotherapeutic technologies is finally discussed in depth.
Use of an ultrasonic sensor for plant height estimation in irrigated cotton
Authors: Bronson Kevin F. , French Andrew N. , Conley Matthew M. , Barnes Edward M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlant height in field crops like cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) have long been of great interest to agronomists and plant breeders. Canopy height sensors can replace laborious point hand sampling and enable site‐specific management. Study objectives were to compare manual plant height measurements with ultrasonic distance sensor measurements in subsurface drip‐irrigated cotton, and to assess the effects of nitrogen and water management. Two Honeywell 943 sensors were used weekly to estimate canopy height in a nitrogen‐ and water‐management study in Maricopa, AZ from 2016 to 2018. Hand measurements of plant height–ultrasonic‐sensed height correlation increased with growth stage with r2 of .92 to .99 at mid bloom. Root mean square errors ranged from 0.9 to 4.0 cm. Canopy height was strongly affected by nitrogen and water treatments, starting at first square. This rapid‐response ultrasonic distance sensor is accurate and has great potential as a canopy height measuring instrument in cotton.
Metal–Organic Layers Hierarchically Integrate Three Synergistic Active Sites for Tandem Catalysis
Authors: Quan Yangjian , Lan Guangxu , Shi Wenjie , Xu Ziwan , Fan Yingjie , You Eric , Jiang Xiaomin , Wang Cheng , Lin Wenbin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report the design of a bifunctional metal–organic layer (MOL), Hf12‐Ru‐Co, composed of [Ru(DBB)(bpy)2]2+ [DBB‐Ru, DBB=4,4′‐di(4‐benzoato)‐2,2′‐bipyridine; bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine] connecting ligand as a photosensitizer and Co(dmgH)2(PPA)Cl (PPA‐Co, dmgH=dimethylglyoxime; PPA=4‐pyridinepropionic acid) on the Hf12 secondary building unit (SBU) as a hydrogen‐transfer catalyst. Hf12‐Ru‐Co efficiently catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation of indolines and tetrahydroquinolines to afford indoles and quinolones. We extended this strategy to prepare Hf12‐Ru‐Co‐OTf MOL with a [Ru(DBB)(bpy)2]2+ photosensitizer and Hf12 SBU capped with triflate as strong Lewis acids and PPA‐Co as a hydrogen transfer catalyst. With three synergistic active sites, Hf12‐Ru‐Co‐OTf competently catalyzed dehydrogenative tandem transformations of indolines with alkenes or aldehydes to afford 3‐alkylindoles and bisindolylmethanes with turnover numbers of up to 500 and 460, respectively, illustrating the potential use of MOLs in constructing novel multifunctional heterogeneous catalysts.
Design of thermoelectric materials with high electrical conductivity, high Seebeck coefficient, and low thermal conductivity
Authors: Yoshihama Hiroki , Kaneko Hiromasa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThermoelectric materials with a high Seebeck coefficient, high electrical conductivity, and low thermal conductivity are required to directly and efficiently convert unused heat into electricity. In this study, we construct models predicting the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity using existing material databases. In addition to the ratios of atoms in the crystals and temperature at which the materials are used, the values from the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra were used as inputs to represent the crystal structure of the materials. It was confirmed that the constructed models could predict the properties with high accuracy using the X‐ray diffraction values. Additionally, using the constructed models, we succeeded in proposing promising new candidate materials with high Seebeck coefficients, high electric conductivities, and low thermal conductivities.
No space for mother's mind: A psychoanalytically oriented qualitative study of the experiences of women with a diagnosis of postnatal depression
Authors: Hesse Tyson Caragh , O'Connor John , Sheehan John D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOur understanding of postnatal depression (PND), and in particular the emotional world of mothers who experience this, and the relational processes involved remain today quite limited. Indeed, what has been called “PND,” likely as explored here a catch‐all term for a variety of composite states of mind, seems quite prevalent and likely too has a significant impact on both mother and baby, as well as on the wider figures and systems that are involved. This study used a psychoanalytically informed research method to access material that emerged around women's postnatal depressive experiences. Each of the six participants engaged in three interviews. The main themes that emerged were the following: (a) Starting on a bad note: difficult experiences in birth and breast‐feeding; (b) Support falling away: the absence of mother's support at key times in pregnancy and birth; (c) No space for mother's mind: the absence of space for processing experience in systems around women; and (d) Unwelcome familiar feelings: the contradictory responses evoked in motherhood. These themes are discussed in relation to their significance for our thinking about supports for mothers in the period prior to and following birth. Also discussed here is whether the technology of birth, important in safeguarding baby, may have reduced the space for mother's emotional well‐being in our systems of care.
Exposures influencing the developing central autonomic nervous system
Authors: Schlatterer Sarah D. , du Plessis Adre J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAutonomic nervous system function is critical for transition from in‐utero to ex‐utero life and is associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric outcomes later in life. Adverse prenatal and neonatal conditions and exposures can impair or alter ANS development and, as a result, may also impact long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The objective of this article is to provide a broad overview of the impact of factors that are known to influence autonomic development during the fetal and early neonatal period, including maternal mood and stress during and after pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, congenital heart disease, toxic exposures, and preterm birth. We touch briefly on the typical development of the ANS, then delve into both in‐utero and ex‐utero maternal and fetal factors that may impact developmental trajectory of the ANS and, thus, have implications in transition and in long‐term developmental outcomes. While many types of exposures and conditions have been shown to impact development of the autonomic nervous system, there is still much to be learned about the mechanisms underlying these influences. In the future, more advanced neuromonitoring tools will be required to better understand autonomic development and its influence on long‐term neurodevelopmental and neuropsychological function, especially during the fetal period.
l‐Cysteine modified silver nanoparticles‐based colorimetric sensing for the sensitive determination of Hg2+ in aqueous solutions
Authors: Fan Pengfei , He Shunzhen , Cheng Jianlin , Hu Congcong , Liu Can , Yang Shengyuan , Liu Jinquan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA simple and sensitive colorimetric sensing method was constructed for detection of Hg2+ in aqueous solutions and based on silver nanoparticles functionalized with l‐cysteine (l‐Cys–Ag NPs). In this method, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced aggregation of l‐Cys–Ag NPs. Simultaneously, the solution colour changed from bright yellow to brown. In the presence of Hg2+, Hg2+ chelated ATP to form a complex and reduce the degree of aggregation of l‐Cys–Ag NPs and was accompanied by a colour change from brown to bright yellow. The changing values of absorbance at 390 nm were linearly correlated with concentration of Hg2+ over the 4.00 × 10−8 to 1.04 × 10−6 mol·L−1 range, with a detection limit of 8 nM. This method was used successfully for detection of Hg2+ in real water samples and performed good selectivity and sensitivity. The recovery range was 91.5–109.1%, indicating that the method has vast application potential for determination of Hg2+ in the environment.
Perioperative CRP: A novel inflammation‐based classification in gastric cancer for recurrence and chemotherapy benefit
Authors: Lu Jun , Xu Bin‐Bin , Xue Zhen , Xie Jian‐Wei , Zheng Chao‐Hui , Huang Chang‐Ming , Li Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels have effects on the prognosis of cancer patients. We intended to determine the prognostic value of combining the two for gastric cancer (GC).MethodsData were extracted from a clinical trial. By calculating the area under the curve (AUC) and the C‐index, the predictive value of CRPs among different time points, including preoperative (pre‐CRP), postoperative days 1, 3, and 5 (post‐CRPs), and postoperative maximum CRP (post‐CRPmax), was derived. Multivariate analysis was performed to further explore the independent variates for recurrence‐free survival (RFS).ResultsFinally, 401 patients were available in the present study. For RFS, higher AUC (0.692) and concordance index (0.678) of pre‐CRP were observed when compared with those of post‐CRPs. Further, among post‐CRPs, post‐CRPmax had the highest predictive values (AUC: 0.591; concordance index: 0.585) among the other post‐CRPs. The threshold values in predicting RFS for pre‐CRP and post‐CRPmax were 3.1 mg/L and 77.1 mg/L. Multivariate analysis showed both pre‐CRP≥3.1 mg/L (high‐pre‐CRP) and post‐CRPmax≥77.1 mg/L (high‐post‐CRPmax) were risk factors for RFS. Postoperative chemotherapy benefit was further analyzed for patients with stage II/III GC and indicated that patients with pre‐CRP<3.1 mg/L had better prognosis without benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT), p = 0.557. In high‐pre‐CRP patients, only patients with post‐CRPmax≥77.1 mg/L but not post‐CRPmax<77.1 mg/L benefited from postoperative ACT (RFS: 33.2% vs 49.9% for non‐chemotherapy group and chemotherapy group, respectively, p = 0.037). Analyses for overall survival obtained the similar outcomes.ConclusionsBoth high‐pre‐CRP and high‐post‐CRPmax are associated with worse prognosis in GC. ACT seems to only improve the prognosis for stage II/III GC with pre‐CRP≥3.1 mg/L and post‐CRPmax≥77.1 mg/L after radical gastrectomy. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore the potential mechanism.
Experts' review of a virtual environment for virtual clinical simulation in South Africa
Authors: Botha Benjamin S. , de Wet Lizette , Botma Yvonne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) is becoming ever more used within the field of education. During this study, the researchers created a virtual environment (VE) for use in Southern Africa, where students could practice managing a young adult with a foreign object in the airway. The aim of the VE was to determine whether a viable, “home‐made” solution could be created which could also be expanded later on to incorporate more scenarios. This was due to the expensive nature of existing systems for virtual clinical simulation. To determine whether the VE is usable, two expert review panels assisted in testing the VE. The first‐panel being Computer Science experts and the second Health Science (HS) experts. Each panel evaluated the environment and the scenario using heuristic evaluation and cognitive walkthroughs. The recommendations made during each of the expert reviews were implemented to improve the VE, thus enabling students to experience an accurate, virtual scenario that could positively influence their learning experience. The findings and recommendations made during the expert reviews are presented in this paper to assist in improving future developments within the field of VR in HS education, especially for developing countries in Africa.
An AZT Analog with Strongly Pairing Ethynylpyridone Nucleobase and Its Antiviral Activity against HSV1
Authors: Han Jianyang , Funk Christina , Eyberg Juri , Bailer Susanne , Richert Clemens 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChallenges resulting from novel viruses or new strains of known viruses call for new antiviral agents. Nucleoside analogs that act as inhibitors of viral polymerases are an attractive class of antivirals. For nucleosides containing thymine, base pairing is weak, making it desirable to identify nucleobase analogs that pair more strongly with adenine, in order to compete successfully with the natural substrate. We have recently described a new class of strongly binding thymidine analogs that contain an ethynylmethylpyridone as base and a C‐nucleosidic linkage to the deoxyribose. Here we report the synthesis of the 3′‐azido‐2′,3′‐deoxyribose derivative of this compound, dubbed AZW, both as free nucleoside and as ProTide phosphoramidate. As a proof of principle, we studied the activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1). Whereas the ProTide phosphoramidate suffered from low solubility, the free nucleoside showed a stronger inhibitory effect than that of AZT in a plaque reduction assay. This suggests that strongly pairing C‐nucleoside analogs of pyrimidines have the potential to become active pharmaceutical ingredients with antiviral activity.
Management of generalized severe periodontitis using full‐mouth disinfection and systemic antibiotics in a leukemic patient before stem cell transplantation: A case report
Authors: Morikawa Satoru , Tsunoda Kazuyuki , Miyashita Yoko , Nasu Mana , Horie Nobuyuki , Usuda Sho , Kato Jun , Mori Takehiko , Nakagawa Taneaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe full‐mouth disinfection protocol implemented in this case can be integrated into established protocols for treating severe periodontitis in the context of a hematological malignancy, without any interference with the cancer treatment.