bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Childhood Socioeconomic Position and Social Mobility on Cognitive Function and Change Among Older Adults: A Comparison Between the United States and England
Authors: Faul Jessica D , Ware Erin B , Kabeto Mohammed U , Fisher Jonah , Langa Ken M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to examine the relationship between childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and cognitive function in later life within nationally representative samples of older adults in the United States and England, investigate whether these effects are mediated by later-life SEP, and determine whether social mobility from childhood to adulthood affects cognitive function and decline.

Method
Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing (ELSA), we examined the relationships between measures of SEP, cognitive performance and decline using individual growth curve models.

Results
High childhood SEP was associated with higher cognitive performance at baseline in both cohorts and did not affect the rate of decline. This benefit dissipated after adjusting for education and adult wealth in the United States. Respondents with low childhood SEP, above median education, and high adult SEP had better cognitive performance at baseline than respondents with a similar childhood background and less upward mobility in both countries.

Discussion
These findings emphasize the impact of childhood SEP on cognitive trajectories among older adults. Upward mobility may partially compensate for disadvantage early in life but does not protect against cognitive decline.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Home-Care Use Across Regional Long-term Care Systems in Europe
Authors: Floridi Ginevra , Carrino Ludovico , Glaser Karen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We examine whether socioeconomic inequalities in home-care use among disabled older adults are related to the contextual characteristics of long-term care (LTC) systems. Specifically, we investigate how wealth and income gradients in the use of informal, formal, and mixed home-care vary according to the degree to which LTC systems offer alternatives to families as the main providers of care (“de-familization”).

Method
We use survey data from SHARE on disabled older adults from 136 administrative regions in 12 European countries and link them to a regional indicator of de-familization in LTC, measured by the number of available LTC beds in care homes. We use multinomial multilevel models, with and without country fixed-effects, to study home-care use as a function of individual-level and regional-level LTC characteristics. We interact financial wealth and income with the number of LTC beds to assess whether socioeconomic gradients in home-care use differ across regions according to the degree of de-familization in LTC.

Results
We find robust evidence that socioeconomic status inequalities in the use of mixed-care are lower in more de-familized LTC systems. Poorer people are more likely than the wealthier to combine informal and formal home-care use in regions with more LTC beds. SES inequalities in the exclusive use of informal or formal care do not differ by the level of de-familization.

Discussion
The results suggest that de-familization in LTC favors the combination of formal and informal home-care among the more socioeconomically disadvantaged, potentially mitigating health inequalities in later life.
The Aerodynamics and Power Requirements of Forward Flapping Flight in the Mango Stem Borer Beetle (Batocera rufomaculata)
Authors: Urca Tomer , Debnath Anup Kumar , Stefanini Jean , Gurka Roi , Ribak Gal 
Published: September 2020

SynopsisThe need for long dispersal flights can drive selection for behavioral, physiological, and biomechanical mechanisms to reduce the energy spent flying. However, some energy loss during the transfer of momentum from the wing to the fluid is inevitable, and inherent to the fluid–wing interaction. Here, we analyzed these losses during the forward flight of the mango stem borer (Batocera rufomaculata). This relatively large beetle can disperse substantial distances in search of new host trees, and laboratory experiments have demonstrated continuous tethered flights that can last for up to an hour. We flew the beetles tethered in a wind tunnel and used high-speed videography to estimate the aerodynamic power from their flapping kinematics and particle image velocimetry (PIV) to evaluate drag and kinetic energy from their unsteady wakes. To account for tethering effects, we measured the forces applied by the beetles on the tether arm holding them in place. The drag of the flying beetle over the flapping cycle, estimated from the flow fields in the unsteady wake, showed good agreement with direct measurement of mean horizontal force. Both measurements showed that total drag during flight is ∼5-fold higher than the parasite drag on the body. The aerodynamic power estimated from both the motion of the wings, using a quasi-steady blade-element model, and the kinetic energy in the wake, gave mean values of flight-muscle mass-specific power of 87 and 65 W kg muscle−1, respectively. A comparison of the two values suggests that ∼25% of the energy is lost within the fluid due to turbulence and heat. The muscle mass-specific power found here is low relative to the maximal power output reported for insect flight muscles. This can be attributed to reduce weight support during tethered flight or to operation at submaximal output that may ensure a supply of metabolic substrates to the flight muscles, thus delaying their fatigue during long-distance flights.
Pressure-based Compression Guidance of the Breast in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Using Flexible Paddles Compared to Conventional Compression
Authors: van Lier Monique G J T B , de Groot Jerry E , Muller Serge , den Heeten Gerard J , Schilling Kathy J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
We investigated the effect of introducing a pressure-based flexible paddle on compression parameters and user and patient experience of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) combined with patient-assisted compression or technologist compression.

Methods
After institutional review board approval, women with a DBT appointment who gave informed consent received pressure-based flexible paddle breast compression. Eight lights on the paddle were illuminated (1.9 kPa per light) as pressure was applied, aiming for an 8–13.9 kPa target range. The compression level was applied by the technologist or the participant utilizing a remote control device. The participant’s and technologist’s experiences were assessed by a questionnaire. Compression parameters were compared to previous examinations. Comparative statistics were performed using t-tests.

Results
Pressure-based compression (PBC) was judged to be similar or more comfortable compared with previous traditional exams (80%, 83/103), and 87% (90/103) of participants would recommend PBC to friends. Pressure variability decreased for craniocaudal (CC) views (-55%, P &lt; 0.001) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views (-34%, P &lt; 0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed a similar glandular dose for CC views, while breast thickness was reduced (-3.74 mm, P &lt; 0.0001). For MLO views, both glandular dose (-0.13 mGy, P &lt; 0.0001) and breast thickness were reduced (-6.70 mm, P &lt; 0.0001). Mean compression parameters were similar for technologist compression and patient-assisted examinations.

Conclusion
Use of the pressure-based flexible paddle in DBT, with or without patient-assisted compression, improved participant and technologist experience and reduced compression pressure variability, mean breast thickness, and glandular dose.
How do whale barnacles live on their hosts? Functional morphology and mating-group sizes of Coronula diadema (Linnaeus, 1767) and Conchoderma auritum (Linnaeus, 1767) (Cirripedia: Thoracicalcarea)
Authors: Kim Hyun Kyong , Chan Benny K K , Kang Chung-Bae , Kim Hyun Woo , Kim Won 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Whale-associated barnacles are intriguing in terms of their planktonic food sources, mating habits, and mechanisms of host attachment. We present observations of the whale-associated barnacles Coronula diadema (Linnaeus, 1767) and Conchoderma auritum (Linnaeus, 1767) obtained from dead humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781)) collected in Korea. Shell bases of Coronula diadema are inflected and sharp-edged with hollow coring tubes at the periphery. The coring tubes are filled with whale skin, supporting the model that shell accretion into the whale skin is achieved by basal constriction to achieve strong attachment. Conchoderma auritum attaches to the shell surfaces of Coronula and has a pair of tubular ear-shaped structures on the capitulum. Both species have short and thick-segmented cirri that allow feeding in strong currents. The distal ends of the cirri in both species are often equipped with sharp, large claw-like setae, which are likely used to capture large zooplankton for food. Coronula diadema and Conchoderma auritum are simultaneous hermaphrodites. Coronula diadema can mate up to nine surrounding individuals. Conchoderma auritum lives in clumps and mating group size can up to 26 individuals.
Camouflage by the masking crab,Notomithrax ursus(Herbst, 1788) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae): is it a decorator or a dressmaker?
Authors: McLay Colin L 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany spider crabs attach various kinds of living material to camouflage themselves and thereby escape detection by predators. This strategy uses a suite of co-evolved characters including a pyriform carapace shape, long agile chelipeds, hooked setae and a stereotyped behaviour pattern which is used to gather and plant pieces of other organisms amongst hooked setae on their body. Notomithrax ursus (Herbst, 1788) is a New Zealand majid crab that lives amongst seaweeds and mainly masks itself with the same. In doing so, it uses all the skills that we expect of a dressmaker. Denuded of its mask, the crab chooses algae it can manipulate, measures and cuts each piece, passes them to its mouth, and then plants them on its body in a roughly regular order, such that the severed ends are inserted into the hooked setae with only intact end visible. Longer pieces are planted on the body and smaller pieces on its walking legs to make a profile resembling a clump of seaweed. Distribution of the seaweed follows the distribution of the hooked setae on the crab. The number of pieces attached is independent of crab size and, as carapace width increases, the crabs compensate by cutting out longer pieces of seaweed. Cheliped allometry explains scaling of the mask. Total length of seaweed used can range 0.6–2.6 m (mean 1.36 m). Increasing mask load is accompanied by increases in the number and size of hooked setae thereby strengthening attachment. The behaviour of N. ursus should be called “dressmaking” not “decorating.” It uses a stereotyped behaviour pattern to follow a design, dictated by the distribution of hooked setae, and produce a customized garment concealing it from predators. A hypothesis on the evolution of masking, from passive to active camouflage is proposed, based on the original ideas of C.W.S. Aurivillius.
The chaperonin 60 protein SlCpn60α1 modulates photosynthesis and photorespiration in tomato
Authors: Ye Jie , Chen Weifang , Feng Longwei , Liu Genzhong , Wang Ying , Li Hanxia , Ye Zhibiao , Zhang Yuyang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Photosynthesis, an indispensable biological process of plants, produces organic substances for plant growth, during which photorespiration occurs to oxidize carbohydrates to achieve homeostasis. Although the molecular mechanism underlying photosynthesis and photorespiration has been widely explored, the crosstalk between the two processes remains largely unknown. In this study, we isolated and characterized a T-DNA insertion mutant of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) named yellow leaf (yl) with yellowish leaves, retarded growth, and chloroplast collapse that hampered both photosynthesis and photorespiration. Genetic and expression analyses demonstrated that the phenotype of yl was caused by a loss-of-function mutation resulting from a single-copy T-DNA insertion in chaperonin 60α1 (SlCPN60α1). SlCPN60α1 showed high expression levels in leaves and was located in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Silencing of SlCPN60α1using virus-induced gene silencing and RNA interference mimicked the phenotype of yl. Results of two-dimensional electrophoresis and yeast two-hybrid assays suggest that SlCPN60α1 potentially interacts with proteins that are involved in chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic electron transport, and the Calvin cycle, and further affect photosynthesis. Moreover, SlCPN60α1 directly interacted with serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SlSHMT1) in mitochondria, thereby regulating photorespiration in tomato. This study outlines the importance of SlCPN60α1 for both photosynthesis and photorespiration, and provides molecular insights towards plant genetic improvement.
Detection of a Cryptic EP300/ZNF384 Gene Fusion by Chromosomal Microarray and Next-Generation Sequencing Studies in a Pediatric Patient with B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Berg Holly E , Blackburn Patrick R , Smadbeck James B , Swanson Kirsten E , Rice Christopher S , Webley Matthew R , Johnson Sarah H , Vasmatzis George , Xu Xinjie , Greipp Patricia T , Hoppman Nicole L , Ketterling Rhett P , Baughn Linda B , Boston Catherine H , Sutton Lisa M , Peterson Jess F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Zinc-finger protein 384 (ZNF384) gene fusions with EP300 have recently been described as a recurrent fusion in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with a good response to conventional chemotherapy, suggesting a favorable prognosis. Herein, we report on a female patient aged 12 years with uninformative conventional chromosome and B-ALL panel fluorescence in situ hybridization studies with chromosomal microarray showing multiple copy number gains, including relative gains in the ZNF384 (12p13.31) and EP300 (22q13.2) gene regions, suggesting a cryptic EP300/ZNF384 fusion. Ultimately, a next-generation sequencing assay, mate pair sequencing, was utilized to confirm EP300/ZNF384 fusion in this B-ALL clone, which may confer a favorable overall prognosis and potential targeted therapy.
Molecule-dependent oxygen isotopic ratios in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Authors: Altwegg K , Balsiger H , Combi M , De Keyser J , Drozdovskaya M N , Fuselier S A , Gombosi T I , Hänni N , Rubin M , Schuhmann M , Schroeder I , Wampfler S 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The ratios of the three stable oxygen isotopes 16O, 17O, and 18O on the Earth and, as far as we know in the Solar system, show variations on the order of a few per cent at most, with a few outliers in meteorites. However, in the interstellar medium there are some highly fractionated oxygen isotopic ratios in some specific molecules. The goal of this work is to investigate the oxygen isotopic ratios in different volatile molecules found in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko and compare them with findings from interstellar clouds in order to assess commonalities and differences. To accomplish this goal, we analysed data from the ROSINA instrument on Rosetta during its mission around the comet. 16O/18O ratios could be determined for O2, methanol, formaldehyde, carbonyl sulfide, and sulfur monoxide/dioxide. For O2 the 16O/17O ratio is also available. Some ratios are strongly enriched in the heavy isotopes, especially for sulfur-bearing molecules and formaldehyde, whereas for methanol the ratios are compatible with the ones in the Solar system. O2 falls in-between, but its oxygen isotopic ratios clearly differ from water, which likely rules out an origin of O2 from water, be it by radiolysis, dismutation during sublimation, or the Eley–Rideal process from water ions hitting the nucleus as postulated in the literature.
Multi-timescale reverberation mapping of Mrk 335
Authors: Mastroserio Guglielmo , Ingram Adam , van der Klis Michiel 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Time lags due to X-ray reverberation have been detected in several Seyfert galaxies. The different traveltime between reflected and directly observed rays naturally causes this type of lag, which depends directly on the light-crossing time-scale of the system and hence scales with the mass of the central black hole. Featureless ‘hard lags’ not associated with reverberation, and often interpreted as propagating mass accretion rate fluctuations, dominate the longer time-scale variability. Here we fit our reltrans model simultaneously to the time-averaged energy spectrum and the lag-energy spectra of the Seyfert galaxy Mrk 335 over two time-scales (Fourier frequency ranges). We model the hard lags as fluctuations in the slope and strength of the illuminating spectrum, and self-consistently account for the effects that these fluctuations have on the reverberation lags. The resulting mass estimate is $1.1^{+2.0}_{-0.7} \times 10^6~\mathrm{ M}_\odot$, which is significantly lower than the mass measured with the optical reverberation mapping technique (14–26 million M⊙). When we add the correlated variability amplitudes to the time lags by fitting the full complex cross-spectra, the model is unable to describe the characteristic reverberation Fe K α line and cannot constrain the black hole mass. This may be due to the assumption that the direct radiation is emitted by a point-like source.
The GOGREEN survey: post-infall environmental quenching fails to predict the observed age difference between quiescent field and cluster galaxies at z &gt; 1
Authors: Webb Kristi , Balogh Michael L , Leja Joel , van der Burg Remco F J , Rudnick Gregory , Muzzin Adam , Boak Kevin , Cerulo Pierluigi , Gilbank David , Lidman Chris , Old Lyndsay J , Pintos-Castro Irene , McGee Sean , Shipley Heath , Biviano Andrea , Chan Jeffrey C C , Cooper Michael , De Lucia Gabriella , Demarco Ricardo , Forrest Ben , Jablonka Pascale , Kukstas Egidijus , McCarthy Ian G , McNab Karen , Nantais Julie , Noble Allison , Poggianti Bianca , Reeves Andrew M M , Vulcani Benedetta , Wilson Gillian , Yee Howard K C , Zaritsky Dennis 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the star formation histories (SFHs) and mass-weighted ages of 331 UVJ-selected quiescent galaxies in 11 galaxy clusters and in the field at 1 &lt; z &lt; 1.5 from the Gemini Observations of Galaxies in Rich Early ENvironments (GOGREEN) survey. We determine the SFHs of individual galaxies by simultaneously fitting rest-frame optical spectroscopy and broad-band photometry to stellar population models. We confirm that the SFHs are consistent with more massive galaxies having on average earlier formation times. Comparing galaxies found in massive clusters with those in the field, we find galaxies with M* &lt; 1011.3 M⊙ in the field have more extended SFHs. From the SFHs we calculate the mass-weighted ages, and compare age distributions of galaxies between the two environments, at fixed mass. We constrain the difference in mass-weighted ages between field and cluster galaxies to $0.31_{^{-0.33}}^{_{+0.51}}$ Gyr, in the sense that cluster galaxies are older. We place this result in the context of two simple quenching models and show that neither environmental quenching based on time since infall (without pre-processing) nor a difference in formation times alone can reproduce both the average age difference and relative quenched fractions. This is distinctly different from local clusters, for which the majority of the quenched population is consistent with having been environmentally quenched upon infall. Our results suggest that quenched population in galaxy clusters at z &gt; 1 has been driven by different physical processes than those at play at z = 0.
Gaia DR2 giants in the Galactic dust – I. Reddening across the whole dust layer and some properties of the giant clump
Authors: Gontcharov George A , Mosenkov Aleksandr V 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We consider a complete sample of 101 810 giants with Gaia Data Realease 2 (DR2) parallaxes ϖ within the red clump domain of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram in the space cylinder with a radius of 700 pc around the Sun and a height of |Z| = 1800 pc. We use the Gaia DR2 GBP, GRP, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer W3 photometry. We describe the spatial variations of the modes of the observables GBP − GRP, GRP − W3, $G_\mathrm{BP}+5+5\, \log _{10}\varpi$, $G_\mathrm{RP}+5+5\, \log _{10}\varpi$, and $W3+5+5\, \log _{10}\varpi$ by extinction and reddening in combination with linear vertical gradients of the intrinsic colours and absolute magnitudes of the red giant clump. The derived clump median absolute magnitude in W3 agrees with its recent literature estimates. The clump median intrinsic colours and absolute magnitudes in GBP and GRP are derived for the first time at a precision level of 0.01 mag. We confirm the reliability of the derived clump absolute magnitudes, intrinsic colours, and their vertical gradients by comparing them with the theoretical predictions from the PAdova and TRieste Stellar Evolution Code, MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks, and Bag of Stellar Tracks and Isochrones. This leads us to the median age and [Fe/H] of the clump within |Z| &lt; 1.7 kpc from the Galactic mid-plane as $(2.3\pm 0.5)+(3.2\pm 1.6)\, |Z|$ Gyr and $(-0.08\pm 0.08)-(0.16\pm 0.07)\, |Z|$ dex, respectively, where Z is expressed in kpc. These results agree with recent empirical and theoretical estimates. Moreover, all the models give similar age–metallicity relations by use of our results in the optical range. The derived extinctions and reddenings across the whole dust half-layer below or above the Sun converge to the reddening E(B − V) = 0.06 mag by use of the most reliable extinction laws.
SN 2017ivv: two years of evolution of a transitional Type II supernova
Authors: Gutiérrez C P , Pastorello A , Jerkstrand A , Galbany L , Sullivan M , Anderson J P , Taubenberger S , Kuncarayakti H , González-Gaitán S , Wiseman P , Inserra C , Fraser M , Maguire K , Smartt S , Müller-Bravo T E , Arcavi I , Benetti S , Bersier D , Bose S , Bostroem K A , Burke J , Chen P , Chen T-W , Della Valle M , Dong Subo , Gal-Yam A , Gromadzki M , Hiramatsu D , Holoien T W-S , Hosseinzadeh G , Howell D A , Kankare E , Kochanek C S , McCully C , Nicholl M , Pignata G , Prieto J L , Shappee B , Taggart K , Tomasella L , Valenti S , Young D R 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the photometric and spectroscopic evolution of the Type II supernova (SN II) SN 2017ivv (also known as ASASSN-17qp). Located in an extremely faint galaxy (Mr = −10.3 mag), SN 2017ivv shows an unprecedented evolution during the 2 yr of observations. At early times, the light curve shows a fast rise (∼6−8 d) to a peak of ${\it M}^{\rm max}_{g}= -17.84$ mag, followed by a very rapid decline of 7.94 ± 0.48 mag per 100 d in the V band. The extensive photometric coverage at late phases shows that the radioactive tail has two slopes, one steeper than that expected from the decay of 56Co (between 100 and 350 d), and another slower (after 450 d), probably produced by an additional energy source. From the bolometric light curve, we estimated that the amount of ejected 56Ni is ∼0.059 ± 0.003 M⊙. The nebular spectra of SN 2017ivv show a remarkable transformation that allows the evolution to be split into three phases: (1) Hα strong phase (&lt;200 d); (2) Hα weak phase (between 200 and 350 d); and (3) Hα broad phase (&gt;500 d). We find that the nebular analysis favours a binary progenitor and an asymmetric explosion. Finally, comparing the nebular spectra of SN 2017ivv to models suggests a progenitor with a zero-age main-sequence mass of 15–17 M⊙.