bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Private Equity: Accomplishments and Challenges
Authors: Brown Greg , Harris Bob , Jenkinson Tim , Kaplan Steve , Robinson David 
Published: August 2020

The authors provide an overview of the main accomplishments of private equity since the emergence of leveraged buyouts in the 1980s, and of the challenges now facing the industry—challenges that have been encountered before during three major growth waves and two full boom‐and‐bust cycles. In so doing, the authors review a large and growing body of academic studies responding to questions like these:
(1) How have PE buyout companies performed relative to their public counterparts? And to the extent there have been improvements in operating performance and productivity gains, how have such gains been achieved? What role have PE firms played in this process?
(2) Especially in light of the large fees and profit shares paid to the PE firms, or GPs, and the significant “control” premiums over market paid to the selling companies, how have the returns to the LPs that provide the bulk of the funding for PE funds compared to the returns earned by the shareholders of comparable public companies?
(3) Apart from the high fees earned by its GPs, why is PE so controversial? Beyond their effects on productivity and benefits for investors, what are the employment and other social effects of buyouts and PE?
(4) What are the prospects for future PE returns to their LPs, especially in light of the volume of capital commitments and high purchase multiples that were being paid, at least until the onset of the COVID pandemic? And what role, if any, should PE activity be expected to play in the recovery from the pandemic?
Diseases with health disparities as drivers of COVID‐19 outcome
Authors: Moore John T. , Pilkington William , Kumar Deepak 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has forced our society to come face to face with complex issues that were once theoretical but are now being played out in real time. As data from the pandemic accumulates, it is clear that COVID‐19 is impacting some parts of society more than others. Unfortunately, there is an almost complete overlap between COVID‐19 risk factors and conditions that are already represented as health disparities, such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease and immune disorders. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological pathways that link these diseases to COVID‐19 outcome. An increased awareness of the factors underlying this issue, both societal and medical, is needed to understand the long‐term implications and possible solutions needed going forward.
E6 hijacks KDM5C/lnc_000231/miR‐497‐5p/CCNE1 axis to promote cervical cancer progression
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Xing , Zhang Jun , Mao Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in disease development, particularly in cancers. Recent studies with genome‐wide sequencing on cervical squamous cell carcinoma and matched adjacent non‐tumour tissues showed that a newly identified lncRNA‐lnc_000231 was highly expressed in cervical cancers. However, the underlying mechanism through which it is activated and its role in cervical cancer progression is still unclear. In this study, first, we confirmed that lnc_000231 is up‐regulated in cervical cancer cells and tumour tissues. Mechanically, we demonstrated that E6 up‐regulates lnc_000231 expression through promoting its promoter region H3K4me3 modification by destabilizing KDM5C. In vitro and in vivo results showed that lnc_000231 promotes cervical cancer cell proliferation and tumour formation by acting as miR‐497‐5p sponge and maintaining cyclin E1 (CCNE1) expression. Thus, our studies identified a new signalling pathway through which E6 promotes cervical cancer progression. E6 hijacked KDM5C/lnc_000231/miR‐497‐5p/CCNE1 signalling pathway is a promising target for cervical cancer treatment in the future.
Hijacking Europe: Counter‐European Strategies and Radical Right Mainstreaming during the Humanitarian Crisis Debate 2015–16*
Authors: Pytlas Bartek 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRadical right European contestation is analyzed mainly as claims denouncing European integration. Less focus is put on narratives suggesting how a supposed ‘truly European’ political process should be and work. This paper explores how radical right actors use such counter‐European claims within their competition strategies. Computer‐assisted qualitative analysis of communication by Front National, Alternative for Germany and Fidesz during the humanitarian crisis debate 2015–16 demonstrates that radical right counter‐Europeanism constitutes a nuanced tactical resource deployed to normalize nativist supply in the name of Europe. Unlike Eurorejectionist FN, Fidesz and AfD redefined Europe in nativist terms, attempting to draw legitimacy from association with European identity and cooperation. Concurrently, both actors justified Euronativism not only as antithetical to current EU values and political principles, but mainly as their more fundamental practice juxtaposed against ‘not (truly) European elites’, effectively ‘hijacking’ Europe from within. The findings deepen our understanding of radical right Europe‐contesting competition strategies.
Ethnicity and Parental Discipline Practices: A Cross‐National Comparison
Authors: Silveira Florencia , Shafer Kevin , Dufur Mikaela J. , Roberson Maia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveExamine whether the relationship between ethnicity and parental discipline practices is consistent across contexts.BackgroundHarsh discipline has been linked to negative child behaviors and adolescent outcomes. In examining harsh discipline, scholars have observed ethnic differences.MethodsWe use the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS‐K) for the United States and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) for the United Kingdom. The samples include parents of children aged 7–11 years old (ECLS‐K N = 13,008, MCS N = 11,113). Using logistic regression, we model the associations between parental ethnicity and five disciplinary strategies (spanking, yelling, sending to timeout, discussing, and withdrawing privileges).ResultsBlack parents in the United States were more likely to use harsh physical discipline, whereas all ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom exhibited higher odds of using harsh physical discipline than did White parents. By contrast, Hispanic parents and parents from a general Other ethnic category were less likely to use harsh verbal discipline in the United States than White parents are, and Black and Asian parents were less likely than White parents to use harsh verbal discipline in the United Kingdom. White parents were more likely than other ethnic groups to use timeout across countries. Black and Asian parents were less likely to discuss with children in the United Kingdom; compared to White and Asian parents in the United States had lower odds of using discussion as discipline, but Hispanic parents had higher odds.ConclusionsEthnic minority parents are likely resorting to harsh physical parenting practices to socialize their children into conforming to social norms that may protect them from negative repercussions in society.
Influence of CASP9 c.‐1339A>G and CASP3 c.‐1191A>G variants in outcome of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Carvalho Bruna Fernandes , Costa Ericka Francislaine Dias , Lopes‐Aguiar Leisa , Liutti Vitor Teixeira , Leal Frederico , Vasconcelos Vivian Castro Antunes , Rinck‐Junior José Augusto , Lourenço Gustavo Jacob , Lima Carmen Silvia Passos 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAbnormalities in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, associated with single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in caspase (CASP) genes, alter head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) proliferation and progression. This prospective study aimed to evaluate whether CASP9 c.‐1339A>G and CASP3c.‐1191A>G SNVs influence the outcome of patients with HNSCC. Two hundred sixty‐two HNSCC patients were enrolled in the study.MethodsDNA and RNA of peripheral blood samples were analyzed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genotyping and quantitative PCR method for gene expression, respectively. Differences in CASP3 expressions were analyzed using the Mann‐Whitney test. Event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier curves, log‐rank test, and Cox analyses.ResultsCASP3 c.‐1191AG or GG genotype was associated with higher CASP3 expression when compared with AA genotype (0.50 arbitrary units (AUs) ± 0.29 standard deviation (SD) vs 0.28 AUs ± 0.12 SD; P = .02). Patients with CASP9 c.‐1339GG genotype had 1.54 more chance of presenting disease progression or relapse than patients with CASP9 c.‐1339AA or AG genotype. Patients with CASP9 c.‐1339GG and CASP3 c.‐1191GG combined genotype had 2.64 more chance of presenting progression or relapse of the disease and 2.84 more chance of evolving to death than those with the remaining combined genotypes.ConclusionsOur findings provide, for the first time, preliminary evidence that inherited abnormalities in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, related to CASP9 c.‐1339A>G and CASP3 c.‐1191A>G SNVs, act as predictors of HNSCC patients' survival.
Social meaning in semantics and pragmatics
Authors: Beltrama Andrea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe termsocial meaningidentifies the constellation of traits that linguistic forms convey about the social identity of their users—for example, their demographics, personality and ideological orientation. A central topic of research in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology, this category of meaning has traditionally escaped the scope of semantics and pragmatics; only in recent years have scholars begun to combine formal, experimental and computational methods to incorporate the investigation of this type of content into the study of meaning in linguistics. This article reviews recent work within this area, focusing on two domain of investigation: endeavors aimed at investigating how semantic and social meanings mutually inform one another; and endeavors directed at capturing both the communication and inference of social meanings with the tools of formal semantics and pragmatics.
Specimen‐driven intraoperative assessment of resection margins should be standard of care for oral cancer patients
Authors: Aaboubout Yassine , ten Hove Ivo , Smits Roeland W. H. , Hardillo Jose A. , Puppels Gerwin J. , Koljenovic Senada 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith an incidence of 350.000 new cases per year, cancer of the oral cavity ranks among the 10 most common solid organ cancers. Most of these cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. Five‐year survival is about 50%. It has been shown that clear resection margins (>5 mm healthy tissue surrounding the resected tumor) have a significant positive effect on locoregional control and survival. It is not uncommon that the resection margins of oral tumors are inadequate. However, when providing the surgeon with intraoperative feedback on the resection margin status, it is expected that obtaining adequate resection margins is improved. In this respect, it has been shown that specimen‐driven intraoperative assessment of resection margins is superior to defect‐driven intraoperative assessment of resection margins. In this concise report, it is described how a specimen‐driven approach can increase the rate of adequate resections of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma as well as that it is discussed how intraoperative assessment can be further improved with regard to the surgical treatment of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
The Use of the Endorsement Heuristic in Swiss Popular Votes
Authors: Milic Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere already exists an impressive body of literature studying the use of voting recommendations in elections and popular votes. The main shortcoming of most of these observational studies is the measurement of voting recommendations. There is rarely any direct evidence to show that voters did indeed follow a recommendation when making a vote decision. Thus, it is not clear how widespread the use of such voting endorsements is. We measured the use of endorsements by evaluating the voting motives reported by the voters themselves. Employing this measure, we could show that endorsements have an impact on Swiss referendum votes. Depending on the issue at stake, between 2 and 27 percent of the voters admitted that they based their decision on recommendations. Moreover, the use of endorsements heavily depends on motivation, project‐specific knowledge level, and degree of ambivalence towards the issue at stake.
Ageing augments β‐adrenergic cutaneous vasodilatation differently in men and women, with no effect on β‐adrenergic sweating
Authors: Fujii Naoto , McGarr Gregory W. , Amano Tatsuro , Sigal Ronald J. , Boulay Pierre , Nishiyasu Takeshi , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: August 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
β‐Adrenergic receptor activation modulates cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating in young adults. In this study, we assessed whether age‐related differences in β‐adrenergic regulation of these responses exist and whether they differ between men and women.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We showed that ageing augmented β‐adrenergic cutaneous vasodilatation, although the pattern of response differed between men and women. Ageing had no effect on β‐adrenergic sweating in men or women. Our findings advance our understanding of age‐related changes in the regulation of cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating and provide new directions for research on the significance of enhanced β‐adrenergic cutaneous vasodilatation in older adults.

Abstractβ‐Adrenergic receptor agonists, such as isoprenaline, can induce cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating in young adults. Given that cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating responses to whole‐body heating and to pharmacological agonists, such as acetylcholine, ATP and nicotine, can differ in older adults, we assessed whether ageing also modulates β‐adrenergic cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating and whether responses differ between men and women. In the context of the latter, prior reports showed that the effects of ageing on cutaneous vasodilatation (evoked with ATP and nicotine) and sweating (stimulated by acetylcholine) were sex dependent. Thus, in the present study, we assessed the role of β‐adrenergic receptor activation on forearm cutaneous vasodilatation and sweating in 11 young men (24 ± 4 years of age), 11 young women (23 ± 5 years of age), 11 older men (61 ± 8 years of age) and 11 older women (60 ± 8 years of age). Initially, a high dose (100 µm) of isoprenaline was administered via intradermal microdialysis for 5 min to induce maximal β‐adrenergic sweating. Approximately 60 min after the washout period, three incremental doses of isoprenaline were administered (1, 10 and 100 µm, each for 25 min) to assess dose‐dependent cutaneous vasodilatation. Isoprenaline‐mediated cutaneous vasodilatation was greater in both older men and older women relative to their young counterparts. Augmented cutaneous vasodilatory responses were observed at 1 and 10 µm in women and at 100 µm in men. Isoprenaline‐mediated sweating was unaffected by ageing, regardless of sex. We show that ageing augments β‐adrenergic cutaneous vasodilatation differently in men and women, without influencing β‐adrenergic sweating.
MiR‐92b‐3p regulates oxygen and glucose deprivation–reperfusion‐mediated apoptosis and inflammation by targeting TRAF3 in PC12 cells
Authors: Liu Enyu , Sun Haodong , Wu Jianping , Kuang Yongqin 
Published: August 2020

New FindingsWhat is the central question of this study?MiR‐92b‐3p was found to be reduced in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion: what are the functions of miR‐92b‐3p in oxygen and glucose deprivation–reperfusion (OGD/R)?What is the main finding and its importance?MiR‐92b‐3p abated apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation caused by OGD/R via targeting TRAF3, suggesting that miR‐92b‐3p may serve as a potential therapeutic target in ischaemic stroke treatment.AbstractStroke is the most common cause of human neurological disability. MiR‐92b‐3p has been shown to be decreased in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion, but its effects in cerebral ischaemic insult are unknown. In this study, PC12 cells were exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation–reperfusion (OGD/R) to establish cerebral ischaemic injuryin vitro. Quantitative real time‐PCR analysis demonstrated that OGD/R exposure led to down‐regulation of miR‐92b‐3p and increased mRNA and protein levels of tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 3 (TRAF3). Gain of miR‐92b‐3p expression facilitated cell survival; attenuated lactate dehydrogenase leakage, cell apoptosis, caspase 3 activity and cleaved‐caspase 3 (c‐caspase 3) expression; and decreased the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio. Furthermore, miR‐92b‐3p repressed mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, reactive oxygen species production, cytochromecprotein expression, inflammatory cytokine production and the reduction of ATP content. MiR‐92b‐3p directly targeted the 3ʹ‐untranslated region of TRAF3 and decreased TRAF3 expression. Reinforced expression of TRAF3 partly abrogated the biological activity of miR‐92b‐3p during OGD/R. Hence, miR‐92b‐3p abated apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory responses induced by OGD/R by targeting TRAF3.
An Experimental Investigation on the Fluid Distribution in a Two-Phase Cooled Rack Under Steady and Transient Information Technology Loads
Authors: Khalili Sadegh , Rangarajan Srikanth , Gektin Vadim , Alissa Husam , Sammakia Bahgat 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Increasing power densities in data centers due to the rise of artificial intelligence, high-performance computing, and machine learning compel engineers to develop new cooling strategies and designs for high-performance information technology (IT) equipment. Two-phase cooling is a promising technology that exploits the latent heat of the coolant which is significantly more effective in removing high heat fluxes than when using the sensible heat of the fluid. Also, utilizing the latent heat allows operating at lower coolant flow rates and implies more uniformity in the temperature of heated surfaces. Despite the benefits of two-phase cooling, the phase change adds complexities to a system when multiple evaporators (exposed to different heat fluxes potentially) are connected to a single coolant distribution unit. In this article, a commercial coolant distribution unit is used to investigate pumped two-phase cooling in rack scale. Seventeen two-rack unit servers from two distinct models are retrofitted with 34 impinging jet evaporators and deployed in a rack. Four case studies are presented to provide insights into the complex behavior of a pumped two-phase cooling system with several evaporators. The flow rates and pressure distribution across the rack are studied in various filling ratios. Also, investigated is the transient behavior of the cooling system due to a step change in the IT workload. Finally, a control system is designed to regulate the temperature of the supplied coolant in response to the step change in the IT workload and is tested.
Validating Accelerometers for the Assessment of Body Position and Sedentary Behavior
Authors: Giurgiu Marco , Bussmann Johannes B.J. , Hill Holger , Anedda Bastian , Kronenwett Marcel , Koch Elena D. , Ebner-Priemer Ulrich W. , Reichert Markus 
Published: August 2020

There is growing evidence that sedentary behavior is a risk factor for somatic and mental health. However, there is still a lack of objective field methods, which can assess both components of sedentary behavior: the postural (sitting/lying) and the movement intensity part. The purpose of the study was to compare the validity of different accelerometers (ActivPAL [thigh], ActiGraph [hip], move [hip], and move [thigh]). 20 adults (10 females; age 25.68 ± 4.55 years) participated in a structured protocol with a series of full- and semistandardized sessions under laboratory conditions. Direct observation via video recording was used as a criterion measure of body positions (sitting/lying vs. nonsitting/lying). By combining direct observation with metabolic equivalent tables, protocol activities were also categorized as sedentary or nonsedentary. Cohen’s kappa was calculated as an overall validity measure to compare accelerometer and video recordings. Across all conditions, for the measurement of sitting/lying body positions, the ActivPAL ([thigh], ĸ = .85) and Move 4 ([thigh], ĸ = .97) showed almost perfect agreement, whereas the Move 4 ([hip], ĸ = .78) and ActiGraph ([hip], ĸ = .67) showed substantial agreement. For the sedentary behavior part, across all conditions, the ActivPAL ([thigh], ĸ = .90), Move 4 ([thigh], ĸ = .95) and Move 4 ([hip], ĸ = .84) revealed almost perfect agreement, whereas the ActiGraph ([hip], ĸ = .69) showed substantial agreement. In particular, thigh-worn devices, namely the Move and the ActivPAL, achieved up to excellent validity in measuring sitting/lying body positions and sedentary behavior and are recommended for future studies.
Unique Features of Tandem Repeats in Bacteria
Authors: Subirana Juan A. , Messeguer Xavier 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
DNA tandem repeats, or satellites, are well described in eukaryotic species, but little is known about their prevalence across prokaryotes. Here, we performed the most complete characterization to date of satellites in bacteria. We identified 121,638 satellites from 12,233 fully sequenced and assembled bacterial genomes with a very uneven distribution. We also determined the families of satellites which have a related sequence. There are 85 genomes that are particularly satellite rich and contain several families of satellites of yet unknown function. Interestingly, we only found two main types of noncoding satellites, depending on their repeat sizes, 22/44 or 52 nucleotides (nt). An intriguing feature is the constant size of the repeats in the genomes of different species, whereas their sequences show no conservation. Individual species also have several families of satellites with the same repeat length and different sequences. This result is in marked contrast with previous findings in eukaryotes, where noncoding satellites of many sizes are found in any species investigated. We describe in greater detail these noncoding satellites in the spirochete Leptospira interrogans and in several bacilli. These satellites undoubtedly play a specific role in the species which have acquired them. We discuss the possibility that they represent binding sites for transcription factors not previously described or that they are involved in the stabilization of the nucleoid through interaction with proteins.
IMPORTANCE We found an enigmatic group of noncoding satellites in 85 bacterial genomes with a constant repeat size but variable sequence. This pattern of DNA organization is unique and had not been previously described in bacteria. These findings strongly suggest that satellite size in some bacteria is under strong selective constraints and thus that satellites are very likely to play a fundamental role. We also provide a list and properties of all satellites in 12,233 genomes, which may be used for further genomic analysis.