bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of muscarinic M1receptor stimulation on reinforcing and neurochemical effects of cocaine in rats
Authors: Weikop Pia , Jensen Kathrine L. , Thomsen Morgane 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTCocaine addiction is a chronic illness characterized by maladaptive drug-induced neuroplastic changes that confer lasting vulnerability to relapse. Over several weeks we observed the effects of the M1receptor-selective agonist VU0364572 in adult male rats that self-administer cocaine in a cocaine vs. natural reinforcer choice procedure. The drug showed unusual long-lasting effects, as rats gradually stopped self-administering cocaine, reallocating behavior towards the food reinforcer. The effect lasted as long as tested and at least four weeks. To begin to elucidate how VU0364572 modulates cocaine self-administration, we then examined its long-term effects using dual-probe in vivo dopamine and glutamate microdialysis in nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex, and ex vivo striatal dopamine reuptake. Microdialysis revealed dramatic decreases in cocaine-induced dopamine and glutamate outflow four weeks after VU0364572 treatment, without significant changes in dopamine uptake function. These lasting and dramatic effects of M1receptor stimulation reinforce our interest in this target as potential treatment of cocaine addiction. M1receptors are known to modulate medium spiny neuron responses to corticostriatal glutamatergic signaling acutely, and we hypothesize that VU0364572 may oppose the addiction-related effects of cocaine by causing lasting changes in this system.
Engineered Heterochronic Parabiosis in 3D Microphysiological System for Identification of Muscle Rejuvenating Factors
Authors: Lee Yunki , Choi Jeongmoon J. , Ahn Song Ih , Leea Nan Hee , Han Woojin M. , Mohiuddin Mahir , Shin Eun Jung , Wood Levi , Park Ki Dong , Kim YongTae , Jang Young C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExposure of aged mice to a young systemic milieu revealed remarkable rejuvenation effects on aged tissues, including skeletal muscle. Although some candidate factors have been identified, the exact identity and the underlying mechanisms of putative rejuvenating factors remain elusive, mainly due to the complexity ofin vivoparabiosis. Here, we present anin vitromuscle parabiosis system that integrates young- and old-muscle stem cell vascular niche on a three-dimensional microfluidic platform designed to recapitulate key features of native muscle stem cell microenvironment. This innovative system enables mechanistic studies of cellular dynamics and molecular interactions within the muscle stem cell niche, especially in response to conditional extrinsic stimuli of local and systemic factors. We demonstrate that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling from endothelial cells and myotubes synergistically contribute to the rejuvenation of the aged muscle stem cell function. Moreover, with the adjustable on-chip system, we can mimic both blood transfusion and parabiosis and detect the time-varying effects of anti-geronic and pro-geronic factors in a single organ or multi-organ systems. Our unique approach presents a complementaryin vitromodel to supplementin vivoparabiosis for identifying potential anti-geronic factors responsible for revitalizing aging organs.
Dopamine pathway characterization during the reproductive mode switch in the pea aphid
Authors: Le Trionnaire Gaël , Hudaverdian Sylvie , Richard Gautier , Tanguy Sylvie , Gleonnec Florence , Prunier-Leterme Nathalie , Gauthier Jean-Pierre , Tagu Denis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAphids are major pests of most of the crops worldwide. Such a success is largely explained by the remarkable plasticity of their reproductive mode. They reproduce efficiently by viviparous parthenogenesis during spring and summer generating important damage on crops. At the end of the summer, viviparous parthenogenetic females perceive the photoperiod shortening and transduce this signal to their embryos that change their reproductive fate to produce sexual individuals: oviparous females and males. After mating, those females lay cold-resistant eggs. Earlier studies showed that some transcripts coding for key components of dopamine pathway were regulated between long days and short days conditions suggesting that dopamine might be involved in the transduction of seasonal cues prior to reproductive mode switch. In this study, we aimed at going deeper into the characterization of the expression dynamics of this pathway but also in the analysis of its functional role in this context in the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum. We first analysed the level of expression of ten genes of this pathway in embryos and larval heads of aphids reared under long days (asexual producers) or short days (sexual producers) conditions. We then performed in situ hybridization experiments to localize in embryos theddcandpaletranscripts that are coding for two key enzymes in dopamine synthesis. Finally, Using CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis in eggs produced after the mating of sexual individuals, we targeted theddcgene. We could observe strong melanization defaults inddcmutated eggs, which confidently mimicked the Drosophiladdcphenotype. Nevertheless, such a lethal phenotype did not allow us to validate the involvement of dopamine as a signaling pathway necessary to trigger the reproductive mode switch in embryos.
In vivocorneal and lenticular microscopy with asymmetric fundus retroillumination
Authors: Weber Timothy D. , Mertz Jerome 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe describe a new technique for non-contactin vivocorneal and lenticular microscopy. It is based on fundus retro-reflection and back-illumination of the crystalline lens and cornea. To enhance phase-gradient contrast, we apply asymmetric illumination by illuminating one side of the fundus. The technique produces micron-scale lateral resolution across a 1-mm diagonal field of view. We show representative images of the epithelium, the subbasal nerve plexus, large stromal nerves, dendritic immune cells, endothelial nuclei, and the anterior crystalline lens, demonstrating the potential of this instrument for clinical applications.
Assessment of Potential Health and Genetic Impacts in Releasing ConfiscatedParoaria coronataandSaltator similis
Authors: Cruz Cláudio E. F. , Funkler Gustavo R. , Zani André L. S. , Wagner Paulo G. C. , Segura Luciano N. , Andretta Inês , Fagundes Nelson J. R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIllegal capture and trade of wild birds has long been a threat to biodiversity. Translocation—the release of individuals from one location into another—is a useful conservation tool in the management of species. However, both health (such as different pathogens) and adaptive (such as local adaptation), differences among populations must be taken into account, as both can impact the recipient population negatively. Here, we provide health and genetic information to support release planning for two of the most trafficked Brazilian wild bird species (Paroaria coronataandSaltator similis). We focused on two fundamental questions: Are there significant differences in pathogen load between wild and captive populations? Is there significant genetic structure among populations? In total, 223 free-living birds were captured, sampled, and released at the same site. Devices and live decoys characteristics were top factors influencing captures. We tested blood, feces, and oropharyngeal swabs from free-ranging (n=101) and confiscated (n=92) birds for Newcastle disease virus,Salmonellaspp., andMycoplasma gallisepticum. Genetic structure among populations was investigated using mtDNA in a subsample of these birds. We found no evidence for Newcastle disease virus andSalmonellaspp. in seized and free-living birds from both species. However, seizedP. coronataandS. similismay be potential sources ofM. gallisepticum. We found significant but low genetic structure among populations occurring in different Biomes (ΦCT=0.26 forP. coronata;ΦCT=0.13 forS. similis) and no significant structure among populations occurring in the Pampa Biome. These results suggest that while it may be important to screen seized birds for avian pathogens, genetic structure among populations seems to be of lesser concern when planning the release of seized songbirds in the wild.
Causal relationship between the right auditory cortex and speech-evoked envelope-following response: Evidence from combined transcranial stimulation and electroencephalography
Authors: Mai Guangting , Howell Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpeech-evoked envelope-following response (EFR) reflects brain encoding of speech periodicity that serves as a biomarker for pitch and speech perception and various auditory and language disorders. While EFR is thought to originate from the subcortex, recent research illustrated a right-hemispheric cortical contribution to EFR. However, it is unclear whether this contribution is causal. This study aimed to establish this causality by combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and measurement of EFR (pre- and post-tDCS) via scalp-recorded electroencephalography (EEG). We applied tDCS over the left and right auditory cortices in right-handed normal-hearing participants and examined whether altering cortical excitability via tDCS causes changes in EFR during monaural listening to speech syllables. We showed significant changes in EFR magnitude when tDCS was applied over the right auditory cortex compared to sham stimulation for the listening ear contralateral to the stimulation site. No such effect was found when tDCS was applied over the left auditory cortex. Crucially, we further observed a hemispheric laterality where after-effect was significantly greater for tDCS applied over the right than the left auditory cortex in the contralateral ear condition. Our finding thus provides the first evidence that validates the causal relationship between the right auditory cortex and EFR.
Coevolutionary dynamics of genetic traits and their long-term extended effects under non-random interactions
Authors: Mullon Charles , Wakano Joe Yuichiro , Ohtsuki Hisashi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOrganisms continuously modify their living conditions via extended genetic effects on their envi-ronment, microbiome, and in some species culture. These effects can impact the fitness of current but also future conspecifics due to non-genetic transmission via ecological or cultural inheritance. In this case, selection on a gene with extended effects depends on the degree to which current and future genetic relatives are exposed to modified conditions. Here, we detail the selection gradient on a quantitative trait with extended effects in a patch-structured population, when gene flow between patches is limited and ecological inheritance within patches can be biased towards offspring. Such a situation is relevant to understand evolutionary driven changes in individual condition that can be preferentially transmitted from parent to offspring, such as cellular state, micro-environments (e.g., nests), pathogens, microbiome, or culture. Our analysis quantifies how the interaction between limited gene flow and biased ecological inheritance influences the joint evolutionary dynamics of traits together with the conditions they modify, helping understand adaptation via non-genetic modifications. As an illustration, we apply our analysis to a gene-culture coevolution scenario in which genetically-determined learning strategies coevolve with adaptive knowledge. In particular, we show that when social learning is synergistic, selection can favour strategies that generate remarkable levels of knowledge under intermediate levels of both vertical cultural transmission and limited dispersal. More broadly, our theory yields insights into the interplay between genetic and non-genetic inheritance, with implications for how organisms evolve to transform their environments.
High-Throughput Image Analysis of Lipid-Droplet-Bound Mitochondria
Authors: Miller Nathanael , Wolf Dane , Alsabeeh Nour , Mahdaviani Kiana , Segawa Mayuko , Liesa Marc , Shirihai Orian 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTChanges to mitochondrial architecture are associated with various adaptive and pathogenic processes. However, quantification of changes to mitochondrial structures are limited by the yet unmet challenge of defining the borders of each individual mitochondrion within an image.. Here, we describe a novel method for segmenting Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) images. We describe a granular approach to quantifying subcellular structures, particularly mitochondria in close proximity to lipid droplets, peri-droplet mitochondria. In addition, we lay out a novel machine-learning-based mitochondrial segmentation method that eliminates the bias of manual mitochondrial segmentation and improves object recognition compared to conventional thresholding analyses. By applying these methods, we discovered a significant difference between cytosolic and peridroplet BAT mitochondrial H2O2production, and validated the machine learning algorithm in BAT via norepinephrine-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and comparing manual analyses to the automated analysis. This approach provides a higher-throughput analysis protocol to quantify ratiometric probes in subpopulations of mitochondria in adipocytes.
γ-H2AX is present at mouse meiotic kinetochores
Authors: Guajardo Andrea , Viera Alberto , Parra María Teresa , Valdivia Manuel M. , Rufas Julio S. , Suja José A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe histone variant H2AX phosphorylated on serine 139, named γ-H2AX, is a canonical DNA double-strand breaks marker. During mammalian meiotic prophase I, γ-H2AX participates in meiotic recombination, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation and meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chromatin. In this study, we have analyzed the distribution of γ-H2AX during male mouse meiosis by immunofluorescence on spread and squashed spermatocytes. We have found that γ-H2AX locates at the inner kinetochore plate of meiotic kinetochores in both meiotic divisions. Therefore our results, for the first time, uncover a novel role for γ-H2AX at mammalian meiotic kinetochores.
Energy harvesting wireless sensor for achieving self-powered structural health monitoring system
Authors: Srinivasan Revathy , Hyder Ali Umma Habiba 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
On average, a medium-sized satellite consist of almost 500 sensors where powering these sensors in space in such an unreachable environment is critical. Backing this, a compact energy harvester for powering up distant sensors is discussed here is the purpose of this paper. This is in line with the geostationary satellite-powered using the available electromagnetic energy on the satellite panels in space.

Design/methodology/approach
The designed rectenna makes use of a compact wideband receiving antenna operating at the targeted frequency band from 8 to 18 GHz. It also consists of a simple dual diode rectifier topology with a matching circuit, bandpass filter and a resistive load to convert the received radio frequency energy into usable direct current (DC) voltage.

Findings
The rectenna measurement is performed using three different configuration setups. This shows that a maximum DC voltage of 1.8 V and 5-10 mV is harvested from rectifier and rectenna (includes antenna and rectifier) when 20 dBm power is transmitted from the transmitting antenna operating at X and Ku band. This makes the rectenna feasible to power wireless sensors in a structural health monitoring system.

Originality/value
The measurements are performed by considering a real-time environment in space in terms of the distance between the transmitting and receiving antenna, which depends on the far-field of the transmitting antenna in a satellite.
Optimizing the design of straight bevel gear with reduced scoring effect
Authors: Rai Paridhi , Barman Asim Gopal 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to minimize the volume of straight bevel gear and to develop resistance towards scoring failure in the straight bevel gear. Two evolutionary and more advance optimization techniques were used for performing optimization of straight bevel gears, which will also save computational time and will be less computationally expensive compared to a previously used optimization for design optimization of straight bevel gear.

Design/methodology/approach
The following two different cases are considered for the study: the first mathematical model similar to that used earlier and without any modification to show efficiency of the optimization algorithm for straight bevel gear design optimization and the second mathematical model consist of constraints on scoring and contact ratio along with other generally used design constraints. Real coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) and accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) are used to optimize the straight bevel gear design. The effectiveness of the algorithms used has been validated by comparing the obtained results with previously published results.

Findings
It has been found that APSO and RCGA outperform other algorithms for straight bevel gear design. Optimized design values have reduced the scoring effect significantly. The values of the contact ratio obtained further enhances the meshing operation of the bevel gear drive by making it smoother and quieter.

Originality/value
Low volume is one of the essential requirements of gearing applications. Scoring is a critical gear failure aspect that leads to the broken tooth in both high speed and low-speed applications of gears. The occurrence of scoring is hard to detect early and analyse. Scoring failure and contact ratio have been introduced as design constraints in the mathematical model. So, the mathematical model demonstrated in this paper minimizes the volume of the straight bevel gear drive, which has been very less attempted in previous studies, with scoring and contact ratio as some of the important design constraints, which the objective function has been subjected to. Also, two advanced and evolutionary optimization algorithms have been used to implement the mathematical model to reduce the computational time required to attain the optimal solution.
Shuffled shepherd optimization method: a new Meta-heuristic algorithm
Authors: Kaveh Ali , Zaerreza Ataollah 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to present a new multi-community meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, which is called shuffled shepherd optimization algorithm (SSOA). In this algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach
The agents are first separated into multi-communities and the optimization process is then performed mimicking the behavior of a shepherd in nature operating on each community.

Findings
A new multi-community meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called a shuffled shepherd optimization algorithm is developed in this paper and applied to some attractive examples.

Originality/value
A new metaheuristic is presented and tested with some classic benchmark problems and some attractive structures are optimized.
Psychosocial risks of healthcare professionals and occupational suicide
Authors: Sullivan Shantel , Germain Marie-Line 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore compassion fatigue and psychosocial risks among healthcare professionals, which lead to increased work-related costs, including occupational suicide. Through this review and synthesis of the literature, the authors shed light on the causes that lead medical professionals to take their own lives. In addition, the authors explore the role of compassion fatigue as a leading cause of self-inflicted death.Design/methodology/approachA systematic approach was used to guide the review and synthesis of the literature. Key bibliographic and review databases were searched from the fields of social work, nursing, medical education, educational leadership, psychology, sociology and human resources.FindingsIn the USA alone, suicide has increased by 25 per cent since 1999, making it a leading cause of death. Data indicate that medical professionals are prone to compassion fatigue, work-related stresses and suicide at a greater rate than the general population, with surgeons reporting up to three times more thoughts of suicide than the general population. The synthesis and analysis of the literature yielded the following themes: compassion fatigue and suicides, burnout and compassion fatigue, career longevity and moral distress.Research limitations/implicationsJob stress and its negative impact on the workforce is rather well documented. Yet, job stress has shown to be a leading cause of workplace suicide, which represents a commensurable human and economic loss and has a direct impact on multiple human resources variables. Ongoing research is needed to see how the initial literature has evolved as new data emerges.Practical implicationsThis paper presents best practices for training and development professionals to better respond to psychosocial risks and reduce work-related costs in the medical profession and beyond.Originality/valueStudies on employee stress and suicide in the healthcare industry are scarce. Yet, they have human and economic impacts on organisations.
Bridging the industry–education skills gap for human resource development
Authors: Arthur-Mensah Nana 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to describe one advanced manufacturing company’s efforts to build a channel of skilled workforce by developing an apprenticeship programme with high schools.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative case study approach, the authors interviewed the members of the organisation to gain insights into opportunities and challenges they faced in addressing their skills needs.

Findings
The analysis showed that the collaboration and commitment of stakeholders were essential to the success of the programme. Furthermore, flexibility in employer’s expectations to allow for career progression was critical to motivating students to continue in the programme. A positive impact of the programme on overall employee morale and organisational culture was revealed.

Research limitations/implications
Although the findings may be relevant to other similar organisations, they may have limitations in their applicability to other contexts.

Practical implications
The study holds promise for the field of human resource development, as practitioners and scholars can benefit from the renewed interest in youth apprenticeship to identify how their activities within and outside of the organisation can build and retain the human capacity needed for organisational performance and competitiveness.

Originality/value
Employer–education partnerships have been touted as a solution to the skills gaps in industries. However, there is very little literature on employer-initiated apprenticeships focused on youth in the USA. Industry–education apprenticeship programmes offers employers an opportunity to address the skills problem in ways that meet their need.