bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time of introducing solid food into infant’s diet and risk of Type I Diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Giannakou K , Bolanou I , Chrysostomou S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Type I Diabetes mellitus (DT1) is a multifactorial disease with various genetic and environmental factors involved in its pathophysiology. Several nutritional factors such as the timing of exposure to solid foods may increase the risk of DT1. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the association between the time of introducing solid food into infant's nutrition during the first year of life and the risk of developing DT1.

Methods
PubMed and Science Direct were searched from inception to October 2019 for observational studies that investigated the above association. No restrictions on language or publication date were applied. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were set for the selection of articles. Title and abstract screening were performed by two independent researchers and data were extracted from shortlisted articles.

Results
In total, 76 studies were screened, and 7 articles met the inclusion criteria. The analysis shows that early exposure (before or during 3 or 4 months) and subsequent exposure (during or after 6 or 7 months) was associated with an increased risk of developing DT1 and/or pancreatic islet autoimmunity, compared to an intermediate exposure period (4-6 months, 4-5 months or 3-6 months).

Conclusions
The evidence suggests that an interim exposure period of genetically predisposed infants to DT1 from 4 to 5 months of age may reduce the risk of developing DT1 in later life as compared to early or later exposure. However, due to the limitations of the studies, further investigation is required to inform DT1 prevention practices.

Key messages
There is some evidence indicating that early exposure and later exposure to solid food may increase the risk of developing DT1 in children with a genetic predisposition. Due to the methodological heterogeneity across the studies included, more reliable data from large prospective studies and randomized clinical trials are needed.
Household food insecurity and association with sociodemographic factors in Abidjan
Authors: Sackou Kouakou J , Lobilé Y H , Kouadio Kouakou K L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Surveys in Côte d'Ivoire have shown an increase in food insecurity. In rural areas, it rose from 12.6% in 2009 to 20% in 2013. The situation was even more serious in urban areas, with 71% of households experiencing food insecurity. In peri-urban areas resulting from inappropriate urbanization, the food security situation may present others specificities compared to the urban area. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the present situation of food security in a peri-urban neighborhood in Abidjan.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 648 households in April 2019. A structured interview was conducted. The questionnaire included households'sociodemographic characteristics on one side and measures of three food access indicators on the other. Those indicators were household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS), household dietary diversity score (HDDS) and household food consumption score (HFCS). Statistical analyses were carried out using Chi square test.

Results
Cereals and tubers were the most consumed foods 91.2% and 59.3% respectively. Few households consumed dairy products (1.4%), fruit (2%) and vegetables (7.9%). HFCS was adequate at 99.2% and HDDS was high in 44.2% of households. Only 3.8% of households were food secure. HFCS was related to the household head's age (p = 0.04). HDDS was associated with the sex and marital status of the household's head (respectively p = 0.019 and p &lt; 0.001) while education levels and marital status were related to severe food insecurity (HFIAS) (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005 respectively).

Conclusions
Our results highlight that some sociodemographic factors are related with the food security. Therefore, policymakers, producers and consumers should work together to better understand food access in periruban area and to help improve the food environment in ivorian cities.

Key messages
People in Abidjan still lack dietary diversification and experience food insecurity. It is important to work on factors such as education level to improve food security.
Metabolic and psychological effects of increased consumption of less-processed foods in daily diets
Authors: Nano E , Isoardo G , Migliaretti G , Ciullo S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aim
This study evaluated whether the consumption of locally produced food without additives might have a positive effect on known risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, and levels of fasting glucose and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Attention was focused on various types of cheese, sausages, fresh pasta, pastries, biscuits and chocolate without additives to make them palatable and durable for transport.

Methods
Healthy volunteers were randomized to purchase the foods under study from either local producers not using additives (group 1) or supermarkets (group 2). At baseline and after 6 months, both groups underwent evaluation for weight, blood pressure, VAT, serum sodium, potassium, fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide and creatinine levels, and also the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) by examiners blinded to group allocation. At baseline, the state part of the STAI and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV were also performed, and body mass index, HOMA index and estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated.

Results
Data for 159 subjects (89 in group 1, 70 in group 2) were analyzed. Baseline evaluations did not differ between groups. At 6 months, HOMA scores and fasting glucose levels were lower in group 1 than in group 2 (P &lt; 0.01). Also, in group 1, VAT (P = 0.006), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.001) and BDIII score (P = 0.0005) were decreased, whereas serum fasting glucose (P = 0.04) and C-peptide (P = 0.03) levels, and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.02), were increased in group 2.

Conclusions
Consumption of the locally produced food under study improved some of the major risk factors for NCDs after 6 months.

Key messages
We evaluate whether the consumption of locally produced food without additives might have a positive effect on known risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and psychological factors. Consumption of the locally produced food under study improved some of the major risk factors for NCDs and psychological test scores after 6 months.
The mediating effect of lifestyles on the association between social factors and DNA methylation
Authors: Maugeri A , Barchitta M , Favara G , La Mastra C , La Rosa MC , Magnano R , Lio S a n , Agodi A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Social disadvantage and unhealthy lifestyles may induce molecular changes associated with aging and age-related diseases. For instance, previous studies reported socioeconomic difference in DNA methylation, which in turn led to aberrant gene expression and genome instability. Socioeconomic status (SES) alone, however, does not completely explain this difference, and further studies are needed to unveil what factors contribute to it.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study on 349 Italian women, aged 25-64 years, to assess SES differences in LINE-1 methylation level - a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation - and to examine the mediating effect of lifestyles (i.e. diet, smoking habits, physical activity, and weight status). Educational level was used as SES indicator. The adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Leukocyte LINE-1 methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro for the SPSS software.

Results
We first observed that women with high educational level were more likely to be normal weight (p &lt; 0.001) and to adhere to MD (p = 0.018), and less likely to perform physical activity (p = 0.012) than their less educated counterpart. Moreover, age-adjusted linear regression demonstrated that LINE-1 methylation level increased with increasing educational level (β = 0.016; SE = 0.003; p &lt; 0.001). In line, mediation analysis demonstrated an indirect effect of high educational level on LINE-1 methylation through the adherence to MD (β = 0.003; 95%CI=0.001-0.006). Specifically, the mediator could account for 9.5% of the total effect. None of the other lifestyles, instead, exhibited a significant mediating effect.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the mediation of diet in the relationship between SES and DNA methylation. Thus, our findings add even more value to the promotion of healthy dietary habits among social disadvantaged people.

Key messages
Social disadvantage is associated with epigenetic changes related to aging and age-related diseases. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet might mediate the association between socioeconomic status and DNA methylation.
Biofilm production by Listeria monocytogenes strains: detection with colorimetric analysis
Authors: Centorame P , Iacone L , Salini R , Ciarulli A , Guidi F , Pomilio F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In literature, there are no standardized laboratory methods to detect formed biomass by colorimetric analysis. The purpose of this study was to compare three staining methods and two different wavelengths for determination of biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) strains.

Methods
Three strains of Lm isolated from different origin were tested using 96 well polistirene plates at 12 °C and 30 °C, after incubation the wells were subjected to washing, detaching and staining with crystal violet (CV) at 0.2% and 2% (Panreac EU) in 95% ethanol and with Gram's crystal violet solution (Merck KGaA, Germany). The absorbance at 492nm and 540nm wavelengths was read using a spectrophotometer (SIRIO S, Seac, Firenze, Italia).

Results
The strains incubated at 12 °C displayed production of biofilm when stained with CV 2% and with Gram's crystal violet solution, both at 492 and 540 nm (with better evidence at 540 nm). If CV 0.2% was used to stain and reading at both optical densities there was evidence of weak or no biofilm production.
At 30 °C, the biofilm production was displayed at both temperature and with all the stains. For all the strains and for all the conditions tested, the absorbance was greater but not proportional using the Gram's crystal violet solution, versus the CV 0,2% and CV 2%, and absorbance was higher at 540nm versus at 492nm.

Conclusions
Results confirmed the lack of reproducibility of each of the method used to detect and quantify the biomass produced during a biofilm formation test in vitro and the absence of ratio between the different results obtained using different CV concentration and wavelengths for reading.

Key messages
Biofilm production at 12 °C could not be adequately detected staining the wells with CV 0,2%. Absorbance could be influenced by the solvent in the stain used (ethanol, methanol or phenol or mixtures). To obtain data for assessment of biomass formation, being the method characterized by poor reproducibility, the laboratory should use at least the same stain and wavelength.
Families’ influence on severe childhood obesity in Turkey
Authors: Ozcebe H , Yardim M , Bagci Bosi A T , Gogen S , Yardim N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Childhood obesity is increasing in Turkey like all countries on the world. Sociocultural and environmental factors play very important roles in increasing childhood obesity. It is aimed to find out the prevalence of severe obesity and related factors in Turkey.

Methods
Turkey conducted Childhood Obesity Surveillance of WHO European Region in 2016. This cross-sectional epidemiologic study was representative for Turkey, the anthropometric measurements of 11523 children in 580 primary schools were taken by health care professionals, analyzed by using WHO criteria. Logistic regression model taking into account complex sample design was used to analyze to find out the factors affecting severe obesity.

Results
The prevalence of severe obesity was found as 2.8% in the children aged 6 to 9 years old. Severe obesity was found significantly 1.86 times higher in male children than female children (p = 0,002); 1.65 times higher in children whose mothers' overweighed (p = 0.01) and 3.50 much higher in children whose mothers' obese than normal weighted mothers (p &lt; 0.001); 2.21 times higher in children whose fathers' overweighed (p &lt; 0.001) and 2.72 times higher in children whose fathers' obese than normal weighted fathers (p &lt; 0.001); 1.40 times higher in children whose mothers graduated from high school (p &lt; 0.001) and 2.04 times higher whose mothers graduated from university than mothers graduated from primary school (p = 0.04); 0.58 times lower in children having families with three or more children under 18 living in the household (p = 0.03) and 1.83 times higher in children who had relatives with diabetes and high cholesterol history (p = 0.03).

Conclusions
This is the first result on severe childhood obesity in Turkey; the percentage is one of the highest rates in Europe. The significant factors affecting severe obesity were found as overweighed and obese parents, higher educated mothers, small family size and having family members with the diseases related to obesity.

Key messages
Family structure and family lifestyle are found as the main social factors related to severe obesity in Turkey. Especially, mothers need more information on the health problem related to severe childhood obesity, also healthy eating behaviors.
The association between types of restaurants and the consumption of ultra-processed food
Authors: Souza T N , Louzada M L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Ultra-processed foods consumption is an important risk factor for disease disorders, unhealthy feeding habits and climate changes. In the United Kingdom, ultra-processed food consumption represents more than 50% of calories per day. Furthermore, many studies shown that the locations are important for health foods habits. The aim of this abstract is to analyze the association between percentage share of ultra-processed foods consumption and percentage share kcal in each location consumers on U.K.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from the U.K. National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2014-2016) were analyzed. Foods items collected using a one-day food diary were classified according to the NOVA classification: unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods and ultra-processed foods. All locations consumers were categorized on six groups: institutional (work, school), sit-downs restaurants, coffee shops, fast foods, home and others. To test the association, we used linear regression models, 95% confidences intervals were adopted.

Results
Ours crude analyzes shows that eat on fast foods, sit-down restaurants and other locations have been associated with percentage share of ultra-processed foods on daily kcal. Sit-down restaurants were negatively associated, and fast foods and other locations were positively associated. In the multiple model, adjusted for sex and age, the associations remained, with significance &lt;0.00.

Conclusions
Our findings showed an association between some consumption locations and higher percentage share by ultra-processed foods on daily kcal. It is possible the inverse association found in sit-downs restaurants is because in these places there is a greater participation of unprocessed and minimally processed foods. Another important fact to consider is that in this population the consumption of ultra-processed foods is naturally high.

Key messages
Consumer locations have a different impact on the caloric share of ultra-processed foods. Encouraging consumption in some places can influence the improvement in the quality of the diet, decreasing the consumption of ultra-processed foods.
Factors influencing obesity among Hungarian school-age children
Authors: Horváth E , Szabó A , Erdős C s , Dobi-Ágoston G , Paulik E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Childhood obesity has increased almost 80% worldwide in the last 30 years. According to WHO COSI data, Hungary is ranked 15th in the prevalence of overweight/obesity in 6-9 years children, with national values (27.4%) higher than the average of the participating countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the factors contributing to childhood obesity, along some components of the ecological model, and to identify factors promoting or inhibiting lifestyle changes.

Methods
The survey was conducted in three primary schools of Szeged, involving 9-12 years old children and their parents (N = 459). The questionnaire examined the child's physical activity, dietary habits, mood, postnatal medical history as well as parents' anthropometric, socio-demographic data, attitudes to their child's nutrition, health-related value system, lifestyle knowledge and relevant history of obesity.

Results
The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 22.7% in the sample, with higher proportion of boys than girls (59.6% vs. 40.4%). Overweight/obese children were significantly more dissatisfied with their shape than children with normal BMI (39.8% vs. 8.9%, p &lt; 0.001) and fewer of them participated in out-of-school sports activities (69.1% vs. 79.1 %, p &gt; 0.05;). Obese children were significantly more likely to eat even when they were not hungry (37.2% vs. 26.4%, p &lt; 0.05). Frequency of meals with the family was also the lowest among overweight/obese (60.6%), and three times as many of them ate alone in their room than their nutritionally normal fellows. There was no significant difference in the diet preferences and quality of food of the two groups.

Conclusions
In our study, prevalence of childhood obesity was beyond than global prevalence. Parents' attitudes, and family conventions significantly influenced the success of a child's lifestyle change hence it is high priority to increase the knowledge of the parents.

Funding
The research is supported by the EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00008.

Key messages
Childhood obesity is a complex problem, simultaneous, positive modification of the family, community, and social environment is indispensable for effective intervention. Parents’ lifestyle influences the children’s dietary habits, therefore parent’s health education is important in the prevention of childhood obesity.
Burden of high sodium diet in Brazilian population: Global Burden of Disease 2017 estimates
Authors: Machado I , Guedes L , Felisbino-Mendes M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
High-sodium diet leads to significant health problems such as high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease, ventricular hypertrophy and stroke. In Brazil, 2008 survey data have shown an average intake of 4.7 g/day of sodium, equivalent to 12 g/day of salt. In 2014, the average ofsalt intake estimated was 9.3 g/day. In both surveys, the numbers are higher than the international recommendation of 5g/day of salt. Considering this excessive consumption and the invisibility of the major consequences of such lifestyle, the aim of this study was to estimate the burden of diseases due to a high-sodium diet in Brazil.
We used the high-sodium diet attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and deaths estimates of the Global Burden of Disease study in 2017 among Brazilian. The burden of high-sodium diet was assessed using a comparative risk assessment approach, which allows the calculation of the population attributable fraction of each disease that has an established relation with this behavior. Input data from Brazil to reach such estimates have included surveys that report the dietary sodium. Data on disease occurrence and mortality were obtained from health information systems and health surveys.
In 2017, high-sodium diet contributed with a significant number of deaths (51,434, 95% U.I.: 9,266-105,118) and DALYs (988,258, 95% U.I.: 139,943-2,149,179) in Brazil. The states of Northern Region presented lower mortality rates (Roraima: 11.1/100,000; 95% U.I.: 1.5-24.0 and Amapa: 10.6/100,000; 1.5-23.5), while those in the Southeast have higher mortality rates (Rio de Janeiro: 33.2/100,000; 95% U.I.: 5.4-68.1 and São Paulo: 32.0/100,000; 95% U.I.: 3.5-49.6). The same pattern by states was observed for DALYs.
These findings are significant and support the urgent necessity of strategies to reinforce the promotion of a healthy diet, restricted in ultra-processed foods high in sodium, among the Brazilian population in order to prevent early morbidity and mortality.

Key messages
Salt consumption in Brazil is high and contributes to a significant number of deaths and DALYs. It is necessary to increase and reinforce actions that promote the Brazilian traditional food, such as the Brazilian Food Guide, and also the sodium reduction agreements with industries.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of preventing helminth infections among students of CMUL, Idi Araba
Authors: Aina B A , Ogunbameru A V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Helminth infections (Intestinal Helminthiasis) have been recognized as an important public health concern, particularly in developing countries. It is however noteworthy that improvement in personal hygiene, sanitation, food handling and food consumption habits could provide effective prevention of transmission of the parasites. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of prevention of helminth infections among first and final professional year students of College of Medicine, University of Lagos and determine the association between the students' levels and their responses.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out among 485 students with 222 students at first professional level and 263 students in the final year, based on the study population. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data and the data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS version 22.0).

Results
Response rate was 93.4% (453 out of 485). Majority of the respondents 329(72.6%) had good knowledge on the prevention of helminth infections, 384(84.7%) of the respondents had positive attitude towards the prevention of helminth infection and most of the respondents 420(92.7%) had good practice of the preventing helminth infections. The final year students however possessed a significant higher knowledge, better attitude and practice of preventing helminth infections than the first year students (p = 0.000, 0.002 and 0.003 respectively), hereby indicating a significant relationship between students' level and their knowledge, attitude and practice of preventing helminth infections.

Conclusions
The study revealed that the respondents generally had good knowledge, attitude and practices of the prevention of helminth infections and that there is a significant relationship between these and the students' year or level of study

Key messages
Knowledge, attitude and practice of the students will affect their provision of public health services on prevention of helminth infections among the general populace when they eventually graduate. Years of training affect the knowledge, attitude and practice of undergraduate students of CMUL in prevention of helminth infections.