bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonfasted Liver Stiffness Correlates with Liver Disease Parameters and Portal Hypertension in Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Disease
Authors: Shneider Benjamin L. , Goodrich Nathan P. , Ye Wen , Sawyers Cindy , Molleston Jean P. , Merion Robert M. , Leung Daniel H. , Karpen Saul J. , Kamath Binita M. , Cavallo Laurel , Wang Kasper , Teckman Jeffrey H. , Squires James E. , Sundaram Shikha S. , Rosenthal Philip , Romero Rene , Murray Karen F. , Loomes Kathleen M. , Jensen M. Kyle , Bezerra Jorge A. , Bass Lee M. , Sokol Ronald J. , Magee John C. ,   For the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN)
Published: August 2020

Elastographic measurement of liver stiffness is of growing importance in the assessment of liver disease. Pediatric experiences with this technique are primarily single center and limited in scope. The Childhood Liver Disease Research Network provided a unique opportunity to assess elastography in a well‐characterized multi‐institutional cohort. Children with biliary atresia (BA), alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD), or Alagille syndrome (ALGS) followed in a prospective longitudinal network study were eligible for enrollment in a prospective investigation of transient elastography (FibroScan). Studies were performed in participants who were nonfasted and nonsedated. Liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) were correlated with standard clinical and biochemical parameters of liver disease along with a research definition of clinically evident portal hypertension (CEPH) graded as absent, possible, or definite. Between November 2016 and August 2019, 550 participants with a mean age of 8.8 years were enrolled, 458 of whom had valid LSMs (BA, n = 254; A1ATD, n = 104; ALGS, n = 100). Invalid scans were more common in participants <2 years old. There was a positive correlation between LSM and total bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), GGT to platelet ratio (GPR), pediatric end‐stage liver disease score, AST to platelet ratio index, and spleen size, and a negative correlation with albumin and platelet count in BA, with similar correlations for A1ATD (except AST, ALT, and albumin) and ALGS (except for INR, GGT, GPR, and ALT). Possible or definite CEPH was more common in BA compared to ALGS and A1ATD. LSM was greater in definite versus absent CEPH in all three diseases. Disease‐specific clinical and biochemical characteristics of the different CEPH grades were observed. Conclusion: It is feasible to obtain LSMs in children, especially over the age of 2 years. LSM correlates with liver parameters and portal hypertension, although disease‐specific patterns exist.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma–Circulating Tumor Cells Expressing PD‐L1 Are Prognostic and Potentially Associated With Response to Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Winograd Paul , Hou Shuang , Court Colin M. , Lee Yi‐Te , Chen Pin‐Jung , Zhu Yazhen , Sadeghi Saeed , Finn Richard S. , Teng Pai‐Chi , Wang Jasmin J. , Zhang Zhicheng , Liu Hongtao , Busuttil Ronald W. , Tomlinson James S , Tseng Hsian‐Rong , Agopian Vatche G. 
Published: August 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of mortality. Checkpoint inhibitors of programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) have shown great efficacy, but lack biomarkers that predict response. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have promise as a liquid‐biopsy biomarker; however, data on HCC CTCs expressing PD‐L1 have not been reported. We sought to detect PD‐L1‐expressing HCC‐CTCs and investigated their role as a prognostic and predictive biomarker. Using an antibody‐based platform, CTCs were enumerated/phenotyped from a prospective cohort of 87 patients with HCC (49 early‐stage, 22 locally advanced, and 16 metastatic), 7 patients with cirrhosis, and 8 healthy controls. Immunocytochemistry identified total HCC CTCs (4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole–positive [DAPI+]/cytokeratin‐positive [CK+]/clusters of differentiation 45–negative [CD45−]) and a subpopulation expressing PD‐L1 (DAPI+/CK+/PD‐L1+/CD45−). PD‐L1+ CTCs were identified in 4 of 49 (8.2%) early‐stage patients, but 12 of 22 (54.5%) locally advanced and 15 of 16 (93.8%) metastatic patients, accurately discriminating early from locally advanced/metastatic HCC (sensitivity = 71.1%, specificity = 91.8%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.807; P < 0.001). Compared to patients without PD‐L1+ CTCs, patients with PD‐L1+ CTCs had significantly inferior overall survival (OS) (median OS = 14.0 months vs. not reached, hazard ratio [HR] = 4.0, P = 0.001). PD‐L1+ CTCs remained an independent predictor of OS (HR = 3.22, P = 0.010) even after controlling for Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease score (HR = 1.14, P < 0.001), alpha‐fetoprotein (HR = 1.55, P < 0.001), and overall stage/tumor burden (beyond University of California, San Francisco, HR = 7.19, P < 0.001). In the subset of 10 patients with HCC receiving PD‐1 blockade, all 5 responders demonstrated PD‐L1+ CTCs at baseline, compared with only 1 of 5 nonresponders, all of whom progressed within 4 months of starting treatment. Conclusion: We report a CTC assay for the phenotypic profiling of HCC CTCs expressing PD‐L1. PD‐L1+ CTCs are predominantly found in advanced‐stage HCC, and independently prognosticate OS after controlling for Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease, alpha‐fetoprotein, and tumor stage. In patients with HCC receiving anti‐PD‐1 therapy, there was a strong association with the presence of PD‐L1+ CTCs and favorable treatment response. Prospective validation in a larger cohort will better define the utility of PD‐L1+ CTCs as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in HCC.
On time‐varying amplitude HGARCH model
Authors: Valizadeh Toktam , Rezakhah Saeid , Mohammadi Basatini Ferdous 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe HGARCH model allows long‐memory dependence in volatilities. A new HGARCH model with time‐varying amplitude is presented in this paper. Moment properties of the model are discussed. A score test is derived to check the time‐varying behaviour of the amplitude. Value‐at‐risk testings are done to evaluate the forecasting capability. Simulation and empirical results provide further support to the proposed model.
An extension of a construction of covering arrays
Authors: Panario Daniel , Saaltink Mark , Stevens Brett , Wevrick Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBy Raaphorst et al, for a prime power , covering arrays (CAs) with strength 3 and index 1, defined over the alphabet , were constructed using the output of linear feedback shift registers defined by cubic primitive polynomials in . These arrays have rows and columns. We generalize this construction to apply to all polynomials; provide a new proof that CAs are indeed produced; and analyze the parameters of the generated arrays. Besides arrays that match the parameters of those of Raaphorst et al, we obtain arrays matching some constructions that use Chateauneuf‐Kreher doubling; in both cases these are some of the best arrays currently known for certain parameters.
Applicability of bedside ultrasonography for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in patients with COVID‐19 and treatment with low molecular weight heparin
Authors: Zhang Pu , Qu Yali , Tu Jie , Cao Wen , Hai Ning , Li Shuo , Qu Peng , Lv Chaoyang , Guo Ruijun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of bedside ultrasonography for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients infected with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with and without treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the records of deceased and surviving patients in whom ultrasonography detected or not a DVT, and in whom LMWH was or not prescribed.ResultsThe incidence of DVT is higher in the deceased (33/35) than in the surviving (22/46) patients. LMWH was administered in a larger proportion of surviving (18/22) than of deceased (18/33) patients. D‐dimer concentrations decreased in patients who received LMWH in both groups.ConclusionsThere was a high incidence of DVT in patients who succumbed to COVID‐19. Bedside ultrasonography can detect the presence of DVT as early as possible and help assessing the risk of venous thromboembolism, allowing early and reasonable use of LMWH.
Melatonin alters neuronal architecture and increases cysteine‐rich protein 1 signaling in the male mouse hippocampus
Authors: Ang Mary Jasmin , Kang Sohi , Moon Changjong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeuronal plasticity describes changes in structure, function, and connections of neurons. The hippocampus, in particular, has been shown to exhibit considerable plasticity regarding both physiological and morphological functions. Melatonin, a hormone released by the pineal gland, promotes cell survival and dendrite maturation of neurons in the newborn brain and protects against neurological disorders. In this study, we investigated the effect of exogenous melatonin on neuronal architecture and its possible mechanism in the hippocampus of adult male C57BL/6 mice. Melatonin treatment significantly increased the total length and complexity of dendrites in the apical and basalcornu ammonis(CA) 1 and in the dentate gyrus in mouse hippocampi. Spine density in CA1 apical dendrites was increased, but no significant differences in other subregions were observed. In primary cultured hippocampal neurons, the length and arborization of neurites were significantly augmented by melatonin treatment. Additionally, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses in bothin vivoandin vitrosystems revealed significant increases in the level of cysteine‐rich protein 1 (crp‐1) protein, which is known to be involved in dendritic branching in mouse hippocampal neurons after melatonin treatment. Our results suggest that exogenous melatonin leads to significant alterations of neuronal micromorphometry in the adult hippocampus, possibly via crp‐1 signaling.
Raman spectroscopy in experimental rock art: Improving the study of ancient paintings
Authors: Ozán Ivana Laura , Oriolo Sebastián , Castro María Ana , Latorre Andrés 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present work analyzes Raman spectra of red, white, and black experimental paintings manufactured according to archeological and ethnographical data from Patagonia (South America), in order to provide reference patterns to better understand ancient signatures of rock art. Methodological insights are also presented, evaluating pitfalls and advantages of Raman spectroscopy. For this purpose, different pigments (hematite, gypsum, charcoal) mixed with binders and additives (Lama guanicoe fat, blood, urine, saliva, gypsum) were combined. Results show that, despite its high‐spatial resolution, Raman analysis shows painting spectra often reflecting multicomponent signals at micrometer‐scale. Results also indicate that fat and blood show well‐defined spectra in paintings, whereas saliva and urine have negligible signatures, so a relatively high and low archeological preservation is expected, respectively. On the other hand, laser‐related thermoalteration processes of fat and blood binders are triggered by the presence of hematite. This thermoalteration promotes conspicuous signatures in fat and blood binders related to disordered CC bonds (ca. 1,330 and 1,566 cm−1), which are also found in charcoal. Therefore, disordered carbon in the Raman spectra of rock art may not necessarily imply the presence of charcoal‐bearing pigments but may also result from thermoalteration of organic materials. Evidence of blood migration through rock porosity is registered as well, with significant implications for rock art preservation, composition, and dating.
Proposal for an index to measure creativity in urban‐cultural destinations
Authors: Pulido‐Fernández Juan I. , García‐Suárez José A. , Rodríguez‐Díaz Beatriz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCreativity has been engaged as a new way of developing tourism destinations, and this brings consequences for tourists and for the destinations themselves. Hence the need to measure the levels of creativity displayed by a specific tourist destination. To this end, an aggregate composite index is proposed, labelled Creacity, capable of evaluating spatial, environmental and institutional creativity in Spain's urban‐cultural destinations, taken as an example. The findings and methodology proposed pave the way to apply creativity as a key element in tourism competitiveness, in a clear bid to promote the Economics of Creativity, moving beyond the concept of Creative Economics.
Survival of Immature Gopher Tortoises Recruited into a Translocated Population
Authors: Tuberville Tracey D. , McKee Rebecca K. , Gaya Heather E. , Norton Terry M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTPopulation manipulations such as translocation and head‐starting are increasingly used as recovery tools for chelonians. But evaluating success of individual projects can require decades of monitoring to detect population trends in these long‐lived species. Furthermore, there are often few benchmarks from stable, unmanipulated populations against which to compare demographic rates, particularly for the immature stages. We used 8 years of mark‐recapture data to estimate apparent survival of immature gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) recruited into an introduced population of gopher tortoises first established on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, USA, in 1987. During 2006–2013, we conducted targeted trapping of immature gopher tortoises and compared survival of the hatchling, juvenile and subadult stages among treatments: individuals released shortly after hatching from eggs obtained from gravid female founders (direct releases), individuals reared in captivity for 6–9 months following hatching (head‐starts), and individuals first encountered as free‐ranging, wild‐recruited offspring (wild recruits). Among the candidate models we examined, the best fit model included additive effects of tortoise stage and treatment; however, overlapping 95% credible intervals among treatments (CrI) suggested that survival did not vary significantly among treatments. Annual apparent survival increased over the immature period, highlighting the importance of calculating separate estimates for the different immature stages. Across all treatments, the additive model estimated annual apparent survival probability to be 0.37 (CrI = 0.25–0.48) for hatchlings, 0.71 (CrI = 0.61–0.81) for juveniles, and 0.83 (CrI = 0.74–0.94) for subadults. Our study, in combination with previous monitoring efforts at St. Catherines Island, provides strong evidence that the translocation and subsequent population augmentation efforts have been successful in establishing a robust population of gopher tortoises. Additionally, our results provide estimates of demographic rates for life stages that are poorly understood but critical to understanding population dynamics of this imperiled species. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Oxidation of methylamine
Authors: Glarborg Peter , Andreasen Charlotte S. , Hashemi Hamid , Qian Rachel , Marshall Paul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA detailed chemical kinetic model for oxidation of methylamine has been developed, based on theoretical work and a critical evaluation of data from the literature. The rate coefficients for the reactions of CHNH + O CHNH / CHNH + HO, CHNH + H CH + NH, CHNH CHNH, and CHNH + O CHNH + HO were calculated from ab initio theory. The mechanism was validated against experimental results from batch reactors, flow reactors, shock tubes, and premixed flames. The model predicts satisfactorily explosion limits for CHNH and its oxidation in a flow reactor. However, oxidation in the presence of nitric oxide, which strongly promotes reaction at lower temperatures, is only described qualitatively. Furthermore, calculated flame speeds are higher than reported experimental values; the model does not capture the inhibiting effect of the NH group in CHNH compared to CH. More work is desirable to confirm the products of the CHNH + NO reaction and to look into possible pathways to NH in methylamine oxidation.
MicroRNA‐324‐5p affects the radiotherapy response of cervical cancer via targeting ELAV‐like RNA binding protein 1
Authors: Fan Ming‐Jun , He Peng‐Juan , Lin Xue‐Yan , Yang Chun‐Run , Li Chang‐Zhong , Xing Li‐Gang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCervical cancer (CC) seriously threatens the health of women. Radiation therapy (RT) is the major treatment for CC. However, the recurrent CC can acquire resistance to RT. Thus, it is necessary to find a new method for reversing RT resistance in CC. It has been reported that miR‐324‐5p can suppress the progression of multiple cancers. However, whether it can reverse resistance to RT in CC remains unclear. qRT‐PCR and Western blotting were used to detect gene and protein expression in CC cells, respectively. Cell proliferation was tested by CCK‐8 assay and colony formation assay. In addition, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Transwell assays were performed to detect cell migration. Dual luciferase reporter assay and TargetScan were used to explore the targets of microRNA‐324‐5p (miR‐324‐5p). MiR‐324‐5p was downregulated in CC cells. Overexpression of miR‐324‐5p sensitized CC cells to RT. In addition, miR‐324‐5p mimics significantly induced apoptosis and inhibits the migration of CC cells in the presence of 137Cs ionizing radiation. Furthermore, miR‐324‐5p sensitized CC cells to ionizing radiation by targeting ELAV‐like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1). MiR‐324‐5p overexpression affects the radiotherapy response of CC by targeting ELAVL1, which may serve as a new target for the treatment of CC.
Predicting Functional Outcomes and Length of Stay Following Acoustic Neuroma Resection
Authors: Moshtaghi Omid , Saliba Joe , Gupta Mihir , Mehranpour Pasha , Tawfik Kareem O. , Ren Yin , Schwartz Marc S. , Friedman Rick A. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo examine whether simple mobility assessments can predict functional limitations and length of hospitalization after acoustic neuroma (AN) resection.Study designProspective case series.MethodsA prospective clinical study of adult patients undergoing AN resection by either the translabyrinthine, retrosigmoid, or middle fossa approach was conducted at a tertiary center. Preoperative mobility assessments included the functional gait assessment (FGA) and the 10‐m walk (10 MW). Postoperatively, the Activity Measure for Post‐Acute Care (AMPAC, at 48 hours), FGA, and 10 MW (at 1 week) were obtained. Demographic and medical data were collected.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐eight patients were analyzed (mean age: 48.3 years, 68.8% female). Mean length of stay (LOS) was 3.1 days. The translabyrinthine approach was most commonly performed (48.6%). On regression analyses, preoperative FGA (P = 0.03) and 48‐hour postoperative AM‐PAC (P < 0.001) independently predicted LOS, even after accounting for age, gender, body mass index, and tumor size. On receiver operating characteristic analysis, a preoperative FGA cut score of 25.5 predicted a protracted hospital stay (>4 days) with a sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 50% (area under curve: 68.5).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that preoperative mobility assessments can predict functional limitations and LOS after AN resection. These objective tools can be used by clinicians to manage expectations and guide preoperative counseling in patients considering surgery.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:644–648, 2021
Diet, Plasma, Erythrocytes, and Spermatozoa Fatty Acid Composition Changes in Young Vegan Men
Authors: Chamorro Rodrigo , Gonzalez María F. , Aliaga Rocío , Gengler Valentina , Balladares Constanza , Barrera Cynthia , Bascuñan Karla A. , Bazinet Richard P. , Valenzuela Rodrigo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in vegan diets, but how this dietary pattern regulates tissue fatty acids (FA), especially in men, is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a vegan diet on plasma, erythrocyte, and spermatozoa FA composition in young men. Two groups consisting of 67 young (18–25 years old) men were studied. One group following an omnivore diet but did not consume fish, shellfish or other marine foods (control, n = 33), and another group following a vegan diet (vegan, n = 34) for at least 12 months were compared. Dietary intake was assessed via a food frequency questionnaire and a 24‐h recall. FA composition was measured in plasma, erythrocyte phospholipids, and spermatozoa by gas–liquid chromatography. Compared to controls, the vegan group had higher reported intakes of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, vitamins (C, E, K, and folate), and minerals (copper, potassium) but lower intakes of cholesterol, trans FA, vitamins B6, D, and B12, and minerals (calcium, iron, and zinc). Vegan's reported a lower saturated FA and not arachidonic acid intake, both groups did not intake eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but vegan's showed a higher alpha linolenic acid ALA intake. Vegans had higher plasma, erythrocyte phospholipid, and spermatozoa ALA, but lower levels of other n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), especially DHA. Vegans were characterized by higher ALA, but lower levels of other n‐3 PUFA, especially DHA in plasma, erythrocytes, and spermatozoids. The biological significance of these findings requires further study.
Involvement of Aquaporins in the Intense Pulsed Light‐Enhanced Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Huang Po‐Wei , Jeng Seng‐Feng , Liu Chi‐Ming , Chen Chien‐Chung , Chang Li‐Ren , Shih Hsiang‐Shun , Chen Hsing‐Fu , Yang Chih‐Hui , Chen Jian‐An , Feng Guan‐Ming 
Published: August 2020

Background and ObjectivesWe previously demonstrated that intense pulsed light (IPL) irradiation prior to wounding improved the wound healing in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM). Also, we found that IPL upregulated the expression of aquaporin 3 (AQP3), a protein that is crucial for wound healing, in normal rats. This present study aimed to examine the involvement of AQPs in the IPL‐enhanced wound healing in diabetic rats.Study Design/Materials and MethodsStreptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in Sprague–Dawley rats. Animals were divided into four groups: normal group, DM only group, DM rats with IPL treatment 2 weeks before wounding (DM + IPL‐Pre group), and DM rats with concurrent IPL irradiation and wounding (DM + IPL‐Con group). Wounds were created on the dorsal skin of rats. The expressions of AQP1, 3, 4, 7, and 9 in the pre‐injured skin, periwound, and wound were determined.ResultsAmong all the AQPs analyzed, only the expressions of AQP3 and AQP7 were significantly altered. Unirradiated diabetic rats showed much higher expression level of AQP3 in the regenerating skin compared with normal rats. IPL pretreatment, but not concurrent treatment, attenuated the expression toward the level detected in the normal wounds. In contrast, a lower expression level of AQP7 was noted in the regenerating skin of DM only rats and IPL pretreatment upregulated the expression to a level similar to that in the normal rats.ConclusionThe beneficial effect of IPL pretreatment on the wound healing in diabetic rats might involve a mechanism by which the expression of AQPs is regulated. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Multiplicity of solutions for fractional equation involving the Bessel operator in RN
Authors: Van Thin Nguyen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the existence of solution to an equation involving the Bessel operator in where are real positive parameters, is a continuous function, with , f is a continuous function on which does not satisfy the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition. By using the Fountain theorem and Morse theory, we obtain the existence of solutions of the above equation. In our best knowledge, it is the first time that this problem is considered.