bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium from Sheep in Baghdad city
Authors: Hanoun Alaa Taha Taha , Al-Samrraae Ikram Abbas Aboud 
Published: July 2020

One hundred fifty fecal samples of sheep were collected from September, 2017-March, 2018 in Baghdad city areas (Abu-Grab zone, Dora zone, Saydyia zone, Arab jbure zone, Al-Usfia zone, Al-Fudhalia zone and College Veterinary medicine –University of Baghdad). Samples were cultured on MacConkey and Eosine Methylene Blue agar for E.coli isolation, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate and Salmonella –Shigella agar for S. typhimurium isolation. Results showed high percent (78.57%) of infection in female of E.coli than 68.42% in Salmonella typhimurium. E.coli was recovered with an infection rate 93.33% in Al-Fudhalia area, and S. typhimurium with an infection rate 12.66% in Arab Jbur. Also, the results showed an infection rate of E.coli 78.75% (110/140) and 21.43% (30/140), and S. typhimurium was recovered in 68.42% (13/19) and 31.58% (6/19) in females and males respectively .
immunopathological study of the fungus cryptococcus neoformans in mice
Authors: Mahmood F. A . 
Published: July 2020

The study aimed to investigate the effect of cryptococcal sonicated antigen and chitosan on the infection with this fungus which isolated from human skin lesions. Isolate of Cryptococcus neoformans was used to prepare the sonicated antigen, also 60 white mice from both sexes, at average age 8-10 weeks were getted and divided randomly into 4 groups equally and treated as following: First group: fifteen mice were immunized with 0.5ml of whole sonicated Ags(Wsc Ag) (protein concentration14mg/ml) subcutaneous two doses, one week interval.Second group: fifteen mice were fed diet supplemented with chitosan 1g/kg diet for 6 weeks.Third group: Mice were immunized as 1st group and at the same time fed diet supplemented with chitosan as 2nd group. Fourth group: Mice, which seted as control positive group.
At day 28-30 post-immunization, delayed hypersensitivity and indirect passive haemagglutination tests were done, then 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were administrated intraperitoneally with 0.3 ml of fungal suspension containing 1X107 fungal cells, all animals were sacrificed at day 30 post-infection. The results showed that the immunized animals and fed diet containing chitosan had values of delayed hypersensitivity test(1.99±0.02 at 24hours and 2.11±0.03 at 48 hours)and value of antibodies(160±29.6) higher than that of immunized animals only(1.75±0.03 at 24 hours and 1.81±0.03 at 48 hours)and value of antibodies(136±28.2).The immunized animals with whole sonicated cryptococcal antigens (1st group) expressed high values of delayed type hypersensitivity and high levels of Abs titer, as well as the chitosan stimulate the immune system in the second group and the best results of immunization were getted in the third group while all animals of control positive(fourth group) were died at the first week post-infection.
The current study showed that all the non-immunized and infected animals of the fourth group were died during the first 2 weeks post-infection with severe fungal cells isolated from internal organs and severe suppurative inflammatory reaction in the examined organs during early stage of infection with granulomatous lesions appear at day 14 post-infection while no mortality rate was seen in animal fed diet supplement with chitosan with or without immunization(2nd and 3rd groups) moderate fungal isolation and granulomatous lesions were recorded in the examined organs of animals sacrificed at day 30 post-infection while the immunized animals and fed diet containing chitosan showed that there is no fungal isolation and nor fungal cells in the histological sections with few histological degeneration and small granulomatous lesions and sometimes absence of them in the examined organs. It concluded that cryptococcal sonicated antigen and chitosan have important role in protective immunity against C.neoformans infection.
Epidemiological, Clinical and Laboratory study of Canine Dermatophytosis in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Minnat Tareq Rifaaht 
Published: July 2020

The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify of the pathogenic fungi of canine dermatophytosis in Baghdad governorate Iraq, also study the epidemiology and describe the clinical signs of dermatophytosis, from January 2018 till December 2018. Out of 653 dogs 165 (25.3%) were with dermatomycoses and 103 (62.42%) dogs with dermatophytosis. The mycological diagnosis were conducted by direct microscopy and by culture the specimens on each sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and cyclohxemide and dermatophytes test media. The identified dermatophytes were represented Microsporum sp.(80.6%) appeared Microsporum canis (87.9%); M. audounii (8.4% );M. gypseum (3. 6 %) and Trichophyton spp (19.4%) in which divided between Trichophyton ruburum (60.0 %) and T. terrestre (40.0%). Microsporum canis and Trichophyton ruburum were the most common species isolated (87.9%),(60.0 %) respectively. The overall prevalence of dermatomycosis and dermatophytosis from various parts region of Baghdad city were Al Karkh district (32.0%), (64.6%) and Al Rusafa district (22.4%), (60.4%) respectively. Moreover, a higher percentage of infection in young age 55 of 84 (65.47%) and lower infection in old age 8 of 18 (44.44%) with significant difference at P< 0.05. The effect of breeds on the prevalence of canine mycosis show high percentage of infection in German shepherd dog (47.96%) and lower infection in Bulldog breed (10.63%) as well as, high prevalence of dermatophytosis recorded in Rottweiler (100%), Pomeranian (83.3%) and lower prevalence (40.0 %) in each of Boxer and local dog breed. The relation of hair coat showed significantly high percentage of infection in long hair dogs (69.0%) than short hair coat (48.0%). There were no significant difference between the sex and habitat but, recorded a high (%) in shelters habitat (67.19%) and low (%) in plantation habitat (56.25%). The prevalence of infection was showed no signficantly high percentage of infection in cold climate winter (67.74%) in which low temperature and high humidity while low percentage of infection in dry climate autumn (44.4%). In addition the effect of season on the prevalence of dermatophytosis recognized by a higher (%) of infection in cold weather, winter (67.74%) and lower infection in dry weather, autumn (50.0%). Other dermatomycosis isolated were Chrysosporium Nannizziopsis dermatitidis (9.1%); Malassezia pacydermatis (7.9 %) and saprobe fungi from domestic dogs represented by Alternaria alternate (21.4%); Aspergillus spp (60.7%); Aspergillus flavus (25.9%); Aspergillus fumigatus (28.2%); Aspergillus niger (23.5 %); Aspergillus nidulans (22.4 %); Penicillium sp. (4.3%); Curvularia sp (3.6%) and Rhizopus sp (2.1%).
Biosynthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized by Propolis
Authors: Wali Ahmed Thamer 
Published: July 2020

Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles is safe, inexpensive, eco-friendly, non-toxic materials, furthermore, is more stable due to natural coating of the organic molecules and do not aggregate with time, here by the present study designed to investigate the bioactivity and safety of a new biogenic Selenium- nanoparticles using synthesized by propolis. To evaluate biogenic Selenium-nanoparticles, 27 adult rats were divided in to 3 groups: first group consider as control(C), seconed group (T1) received inorganic selenium by orally administration in a dosage of 100μg /kg BW third group (T2) received Selenium nanoparticles orally in a dosage 100μg /kg BW for 4 weeks. Body weight, food intake, blood Selenium binding protein, Catalase, and liver enzymes Aspartate Amino Transferase and Alanin Amino transferase were evaluated two weeks interval. Results showed that body weight and food intake were elevated significantly during the experiment periods. Rats had selenium nanoparticles showed significant increase in Selenium binding protein and Catalase correlated with normal values of liver enzymes. It can be concluded that the new propolis mediated Selenium- nanoparticles improve the availability of the Selenium to its binding proteins that limit its toxicity when compare with inorganic selenite.
Prevalence of Buxtonella sulcata in Sheep and Supplied drinking water
Authors: Makawi Zainab A. 
Published: July 2020

Buxtonella sulcata multiplication in lumen of the intestinal tract lead to Diarrhea. A total of 120 sheep faecal samples were collected (23 males and 97 females) with ages ranged from less than 1 year to 3 years. Also, 11 sheep drinking (river) water from Al-Suwaira city, Wasit governorate, for the period extended from September 2015 to the end February 2016. Laboratory methods used were direct wet film and iodine and Giemsa staining to detect the cysts and trophozoite of the parasite . Results recorded (30.83%) infection rate of Buxtonella sulcate in sheep, while the contamination rate of water (45.45%). Females are infected more than males which reach (35.13%) (13.04%) respectively. The highest infection rate (44.00%) showed in age group 2-3 years, while, the lowest (21.42%) found in age group (˃ 2). %), with significant difference (p<0.05) between ages and genus. Our conclusion is contamination of water acts as a good sourse for the spread of infection with Buxtonella sulcate .
Hormonal Assay for Estimation of Progesterone Levels in Normally and Induced Estrus Bitches
Authors: Nawaf SaifAldeen Abd-Alhadi 
Published: July 2020

The present study was conducted to measure the concentration of progesterone throughout gestation and parturition in control and treated bitches. Thirty anestrus bitches aged 3-6 years and weighting 19.5-26 kg were used in this study. The bitches were divided equally into three groups as follows: the 1st group as a control group without treatment, the 2nd group as a treated group anestrus bitches treated orally with 0.125 mg/kg BW bromocriptine (Parlodel) twice daily, and the 3rd group treated orally by 0.012 mg/kg BW cabergoline (Dostinex) until appearance of estrus signs. The results showed that the number of responded animals were in proestrus bleeding and became pregnant and new born 70%, 60% and 50% for control, bromocriptine, and cabergoline treated groups, respectively. In addition, there were no significant differences (P≤0.01) in progesterone concentration between the control and treated pregnant bitches. It can be concluded that both medicines bromocriptine and cabergoline have no effect on progesterone levels during pregnancy period in bitches.
Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from (Punica granatum L) Pomegranate Aqueous Peel Extract
Authors: Husain Wassan Mhammed , Araak Jawad K. , Ibrahim Orooba M.S. 
Published: July 2020

The biosynthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) was done under alkaline conditions (pH 12) and temperature ≥ 80 ◦C. Mixing 10% of aqueous pomegranate peel extract (PPE) with 0.1 molar of zinc nitrate [Zn (NO3)2.6H2O], mixture was stirred at 70-80 ◦C for 15 minute and then left at room temperature overnight. The result was separated and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. This process was repeated three times then the precipitate was collected and dried for using. ZnONPs were characterized by visual observation of color changes, estimate duration of synthesis compared to weight of ZnONPs was the result, UV-visible analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X- ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of this line, investigate the proper condition for ZnONPs synthesis. Result of FT-IR showed functional group related to Zn-O at (613.38 to 580.59 cm_1), whereas the result of X-RD at 2 theta diagnose the type of oxide formation as ZnO and determined particle size were found in range (20 - 30 nm). Finally, SEM image was shown crystals shape of ZnO nanoparticles. In conclusion, PPE acts as reducing agent used in synthesis of ZnO in Nano-scale size via easy and simple method.
Contribution of Livestock Production to Global Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Musa Ahmedin Abdurehman 
Published: July 2020

Understanding the interaction of livestock production and climate change is currently the main issue in global warming. This paper reviews the contribution of livestock production in greenhouse gas emission and its mitigation strategies. The potential contribution of individual large ruminants are 200-500 litters of methane per day while small ruminants produces 20-40 litters of methane per day. The major greenhouse gas related to livestock production are methane and nitrous oxide which contribute approximately about 14.5% global GHG emissions. Limiting emissions from livestock, without compromising food security, is an important limit greenhouse gas emissions. The main choices for reducing greenhouse gas emission in livestock production are more related to improving animal production. Mitigating emission of CH4 by means of improved management of biogas and manure, reducing CH4 emission from enteric fermentation through improved efficiency and diet, husbandry as well as genetic management are some of strategies used in mitigating enteric emission of methane from livestock. The other one is mitigating emission of nitrous oxide through more efficient use of nitrous fertilizer, proper manure management and by using different feed additives.
Manually Feed NPK Fertigation Improves Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper Hybrids in Ultisol
Authors: Herison Catur , Rustikawati Rustikawati , Hasanudin Hasanudin , Suharjo Usman K.J. , Handajaningsih Merakati , Nursalim Nursalim 
Published: July 2020

Extending the planting area to a less-fertile soil, such as Ultisols, become inevitable choice to increase the national chili pepper production in Indonesia as this types of soil is the largest part of dry land of Indonesia, about 29.7% or around 51 million ha. However, efforts to increase its productivity by providing sufficient fertilizers application is most frequently inefficient because in the conventional fertilizer applications, broadcasted fertilizer on the soil bed, are not readily available for the plant as their solubility is limited under the plastic mulch and still in the form of granular until the end of planting season. Fertigation, therefore, maybe the answer for this problem. The objective of this study was to determine the best NPK fertigation method on four chili pepper hybrids. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replication, and the treatments were arranged in a split plot design. As the main plots were NPK fertigation intensity, i.e. 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% fertigation with the remnant fertilizers were circularly broadcasted surrounding the plant. As the subplots were chili pepper hybrids, i.e. ‘Maxima’, H39, H14, and ‘UNIB CHR17’. The results showed that there was no interaction effect of fertigation intensity indicated that all hybrid genotypes showed similar pattern of responses. The H39 hybrid had better vegetative growth compared to other hybrids in term of plant height, dichotomous height, stem diameter, number of branches, plant fresh-weight. Whereas the hybrid cultivar ‘Maxima’ showed the highest yield followed by H14 and cultivar ‘UNIB CHR17’. The 100% fertigation was the best method of NPK fertilizer application for chili pepper in Ultisols.keywowrd: fertigation, chili pepper, fertilizer application, acidic soil
ABO blood groups as determinants to patient outcomes in SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Robinson Jared , Banerjee Indrajit , Sathian Brijesh , Leclézio Alexandra , Roy Bedanta 
Published: July 2020

Background: Blood group antigens are present on the red blood cell surface. O, A, and B are the major blood groups. A, B, AB, and A1 are the antigens. An ample amount of research supports the close association of blood groups with diseases. A new school of thought and finding seems to be indicating that certain blood groups are more susceptible to the COVID-19 infection in comparison to others. Current evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 positive cases are more prevalent in individuals with blood group A as compared to those with blood group O. This finding, however, was only relevant for the Rh (+ve) positive blood types. Genetic association reveals that the ABO blood group locus and a chromosome 3 gene cluster are associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome in coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) respiratory failure patents. This was found in an Italian- Spanish genome-wide association analysis. Various associations between the patients' blood groups when comparing the data with that of physiologically healthy individuals from the same geographical region helped to get a clear comparative picture. Associations that were cross-replicating in nature were determined at chromosome 3p21.31 and chromosome 9q34. The association at chromosome 9q34 was identified at the ABO blood group locus. The difference in the susceptibility could be correlated to the circulating anti‐A antibodies, which inhibit or interfere with the virus-cell adhesion process.
Conclusion: It is evident that the research conducted to date is supportive and does suggest that humans of the Blood group O are less likely to be infected in the COVID-19 pandemic as when compared to other blood groups. The SARS-CoV-2 situation is evolving rapidly, discoveries and anomalies are being reported daily. Therefore, it is advised that more definitive and consolidatory research is to be conducted to further elucidate the underlying mechanism of action for the protection in blood group O.
BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK MASYARAKAT DESA MENURAN KECAMATAN BAKI DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI WISATA DI SUNGAI BAKI
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan , Anita Elvina Dwi , Nisa Syahna Utami 
Published: July 2020

Program ini bertujuan untuk membantu masyarakat Desa Menuran dalam pembangunan dan pengembangan potensi wisata di sungai baki, Desa Menuran merupakan kelompok masyarakat yang mampu berinteraktsi dan bekerjasama dalam pemberdayaan potensi yang ada sehingga mampu membuat inovasi sebagai desa wisata, penggunaaan dan pemanfaatan lahan sebagai lokasi desa wisata di wilayah Kecamatan Baki, Kabupaten Sukoharjo perlu ditingkatkan. Masalah yang dihadapi masayarakat saat ini adalah masih kurangnya pelatihan pemanfaatan teknologi, perbaikan sarana dan prasarana di sekitar lokasi. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pelatihan dan bimbingan kelompok dalam mengembangkan potensi wisata disungai Baki. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini metode yang digunakan adalah sosialisasi dan pelatihan serta perbaikan sarana dan prasarana dalam bentuk sarana sanitasi kesehatan dan pengadaan perahu wisata. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah terbentuknya Desa wisata sungai di Menuran, selain itu mitra juga memiliki pengetahuan yang lebih dalam dunia wisata serta masyarakatnya semakin kreatif dalam pengelolaan potensi sungai sebagai objek wisata edukasi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini juga terbentuknya desa wisata sungai sehingga bisa dipergunakan sebagai income masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya serta kepada masyarakat untuk senantiasa memelihara dan menjaga aliran sungai.
WORKSHOP PEMANFAATAN E-LEARNING SCHOOLOGY DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PADA GURU SMP BAKTI IBU 11 LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Asmara Yeni , Mulyono Dodik 
Published: July 2020

Tujuan kegiatan ini membantu guru SMP BI dalam membuat media pembelajaran dengan menggunakan E-Learning Schoology. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah ceramah yang dikombinasikan dengan metode demosntrasi dan latihan. Selanjutnya di akhir kegiatan akan diberikan evaluasi kepada guru yang mengikuti kegiatan tersebut dengan indikator keberhasilan kemampuan guru dalam menggunakan e-learning dalam hal ini Schoology. Dari hasil evaluasi diketahui sebanyak 53 guru hanya 20 orang guru atau 37.73% yang dapat mengaplikasikan e-learning:schoology sesuai dengan bidang studinya masing-masing. Dan 15 orang guru atau 28.30% baru berhasil membuat akun aplikasi dari e-learning schoology dikarenakan tidak menggunakan laptop tetapi menggunakan HP. 18 orang guru atau 33.96% belum dapat membuat akun dan mengaplikasikan e-learning schoology dikarenakan terkendala tidak membawa laptop dan HP serta belum memiliki e-mail pribadi. Pertemuan kedua ada 45 orang guru atau 84.90% guru yang telah memiliki akun dan membuat aplikasi e-learning:schoology sesuai dengan bidang studinya masing-masing. Dan 8 orang atau 15.09% guru sampai pada tahap pembuatan akun. Dengan demikian target yang diharapkan dapat tercapai bahkan lebih dari target yakni rencana awal ditargetkan guru dapat menerapkan e learning schoology 75% ternyata setelah pelaksanaan PKM guru yang dapat menerapkan aplikasi tersebut mencapai 84.90%.
The utility of brain biopsy in pediatric cryptogenic neurological disease
Authors: Layard Horsfall Hugo , Toescu Sebastian M. , Grover Patrick J. , Hassell Jane , Sayer Charlotte , Hemingway Cheryl , Harding Brian , Jacques Thomas S. , Aquilina Kristian 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVEThe authors’ aim was to characterize a single-center experience of brain biopsy in pediatric cryptogenic neurological disease.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective review of consecutive brain biopsies at a tertiary pediatric neurosciences unit between 1997 and 2017. Children < 18 years undergoing biopsy for neurological pathology were included. Those with presumed neoplasms and biopsy performed in the context of epilepsy surgery were excluded.RESULTSForty-nine biopsies in 47 patients (25 females, mean age ± SD 9.0 ± 5.3 years) were performed during the study period. The most common presenting symptoms were focal neurological deficit (28.6%) and focal seizure (26.5%). Histopathological, microbiological, and genetic analyses of biopsy material were contributory to the diagnosis in 34 cases (69.4%). Children presenting with focal seizures or with diffuse (> 3 lesions) brain involvement on MRI were more likely to yield a diagnosis at biopsy (OR 3.07 and 2.4, respectively). Twelve patients were immunocompromised and were more likely to yield a diagnosis at biopsy (OR 6.7). Surgery was accompanied by severe complications in 1 patient. The most common final diagnoses were infective (16/49, 32.7%), followed by chronic inflammatory processes (10/49, 20.4%) and occult neoplastic disease (9/49, 18.4%). In 38 cases (77.6%), biopsy was considered to have altered clinical management.CONCLUSIONSBrain biopsy for cryptogenic neurological disease in children was contributory to the diagnosis in 69.4% of cases and changed clinical management in 77.6%. Biopsy most commonly revealed underlying infective processes, chronic inflammatory changes, or occult neoplastic disease. Although generally safe, the risk of severe complications may be higher in immunocompromised and myelosuppressed children.
Eksistensi Rumah Baca Bagi Komunitas Selaras Alam
Authors: Manita Rika Jufriazia , Nurmayasari Nurmayasari 
Published: July 2020

Keberadaan Rumah Baca sangat membantu dalam memenuhi kekurangan jasa Perpustakaan Umum. Rumah Baca Selaras Alam yang merupakan bagian dari Perpustakaan Umum kehadirannya memberikan warna tersendiri bagi masyarakat Nagari Lasi untuk memperoleh informasi yang mereka butuhkan. Sarana Prasarana yang ada di rumah Baca Selaras Alam sangat bermanfaat dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat Nagari Lasi yang haus akan ilmu pengetahuan dan informasi. Rumah Baca Selaras Alam merupakan tempat berdiskusi, dan tempat perkumpulan bagi masyarakat Nagari Lasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil pembahasannya adalah 1) kelembagaan di Rumah Baca Selaras Alam tidak terstruktur dan tidak efektif, hal ini dilihat dari pembagian tugas dilakukan ketika melaksanakan kegiatan. 2) koleksi yang ada di Rumah Baca kurang memadai dan perlu adanya penambahan koleksi. 3) pendanaan di Rumah Baca Selaras Alam diperoleh dari swadaya masyarakat. 4) Hari Libur Sekolah merupakan jadwal kunjungan terbanyak dari Komunitas Selara Alam ini. 5) Kendala yang dihadapi di Rumah Baca adalah tidak memiliki tenaga profesional yang memiliki latar belakang pendidikan ilmu perpustakaan.