bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secular trends in diet-related greenhouse gas emission estimates since 2000 – a shift towards sustainable diets in Sweden
Authors: Mehlig Kirsten , Blomqvist Irene , Klingberg Sofia , Bianchi Marta , Sjons Josefin , Hunsberger Monica , Lissner Lauren 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:This study examines secular changes in diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) in younger and older Swedish adults, since the turn of this century.Design:Two cross-sectional health examination surveys were conducted in 2001–2004 (T1) and 2014–2018 (T2). At both times, an eighty-six-item FFQ was embedded in the survey. From the food frequencies and age-standardised portion sizes, GHGE estimates (kg CO2e/year) were calculated. GHGE was modelled as a function of time period and covariates, for five distinct age groups.Setting:The municipality of Gothenburg, in western Sweden.Participants:Women and men aged 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64 and 65–75 years were randomly selected from the population registry and recruited for examinations. After exclusion of participants with incomplete dietary data, the analytic sample consisted of 2569 individuals at T1 and 2119 at T2.Results:Lower dietary GHGE scores were observed at T2 compared with T1, in each age group, adjusting for sex, BMI and education. The largest differences in GHGE were observed in the youngest age group (approximately 30 % reduction). Decreasing trends in GHGE from animal-based foods were observed at all ages and were accompanied by smaller increases from plant-based sources in younger groups only. At all ages, GHGE from discretionary foods decreased, and prevalence of overweight remained stable.Conclusions:Optimal dietary trends should support both human health and planetary health. Our results suggest that Swedish adults have moved in this direction, e.g. through less intake of red meat products and stable weight status.
Diagnostik im Vorschulalter (0 – 6 Jahre)
Authors: Bolten Margarete 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bzw. psychische Störungen können bereits bei sehr jungen Kindern auftreten und sind häufig mit erheblichem Leiden bzw. Beeinträchtigungen für das Kind aber auch seine Eltern verbunden. Deshalb ist eine frühzeitige Erkennung sinnvoll, um langfristige Folgen oder eine Chronifizierung zu vermeiden. Ziel dieses Überblickartikels ist eine Bestandsaufnahme über die aktuell für das Vorschulalter verfügbaren diagnostischen Instrumente. Dabei wird neben Fragebögen, Entwicklungs- und Leistungstest auch ein neuartiges klinisches Interview zur strukturierten Diagnostik im Vorschulalter (0 – 6 Jahre), das SIVA 0 – 6 vorgestellt. Diagnostiker sollten bei der psychopathologischen Beurteilung von Symptomen in der frühen Kindheit Normvarianten von Normabweichungen abgrenzen. Psychische Auffälligkeiten müssen dabei immer im interaktionellen Kontext des Kindes mit seinen Eltern oder anderen wichtigen Personen gesehen werden.
Das Strukturierte Interview für das Vorschulalter (SIVA: 0 – 6)
Authors: In-Albon Tina , Equit Monika , Gontard Alexander von , Schwarz Daniela , Müller Jörg M. , Bolten Margarete 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Interrater-Reliabilität, Validität und Akzeptanz des Strukturierten Interviews für das Vorschulalter (SIVA: 0 – 6) zu ermitteln. Es wurden 117 Interviews mit Eltern durchgeführt. Die Akzeptanz wurde mit einem Fragebogen erfasst. Die Interrater-Reliabilität wurde durch zwei unabhängige Diagnostiker für die Klassifikationssysteme DC: 0 – 3R/DC: 0 – 5, ICD-10 und DSM-5 bestimmt. Mit prozentualer Übereinstimmung, Cohen’s Kappa und Yule’s Y wurde die Übereinstimmung der Diagnostiker berechnet. Die Validität des SIVA: 0 – 6 wurde mittels der Konstruktvalidität mit Fragebögen und der Kriteriumsvalidität überprüft. Das SIVA: 0 – 6 hat eine hohe Akzeptanz. Die Interraterreliabilität für externalisierende (κ > .82, > 91.9 %), internalisierende Diagnosen (κ > .72, 93.5 %) sowie den Ausschluss von Diagnosen (> 97 %) war gut bis sehr gut. Die Validität zeigte sich in der Unterscheidung von Kindern mit und ohne eine Diagnose sowie internalisierenden Störungen. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine gute Akzeptanz, Validität und Reliabilität des SIVA: 0 – 6 in Praxis und Forschung.
Response of the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean to Wind Stress Variability From 1995 to 2017
Authors: Menna M. , Cotroneo Y. , Falco P. , Zambianchi E. , Di Lemma R. , Poulain P.‐M. , Fusco G. , Budillon G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrifter, satellite, expendable bathythermograph (XBT), and Argo float data are used to study the response of the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean (PSSO) to the wind stress field in the period 1995–2017, in terms of eddy field, water mass transport, and heat fluxes at large and regional scales. Increasing wind stress over the PSSO in those two decades led to a growth of the Eddy Kinetic Energy (EKE) in the region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Increases of the EKE occur with delays of 1–4 years with respect to peaks in the zonal component of the wind stress. The persistent ACC meander located south of New Zealand (between 150°E and 180°W and 50°S to 66°S) responds to the interannual wind variations earlier than the entire ACC branch in the PSSO. In the same area, an estimate of the ACC transport based on in situ data shows interannual variability but no significant decadal trend over the study period. The effects of the EKE variability on the meridional eddy heat fluxes are significant on interannual scales. The strengthening of the EKE field leads to a local increase in the poleward meridional eddy heat fluxes in the PSSO, especially in the ACC band. The weakening of the EKE field defines an area of equatorward meridional eddy heat fluxes in the middle of the PSSO (south of 40°S, between 130°W and 160°W) and prevalent poleward fluxes in the further western and eastern regions.
Calving Event Led to Changes in Phytoplankton Bloom Phenology in the Mertz Polynya, Antarctica
Authors: Liniger Guillaume , Strutton Peter G. , Lannuzel Delphine , Moreau Sebastien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolynyas are subject to variability in winds and ocean circulation and are important sites of ecological productivity. In February 2010, the B09B iceberg collided with the Mertz Glacier Tongue (MGT), calving a 78 × 40‐km giant iceberg which modified the icescape and primary productivity of the Mertz polynya. In this study, we use satellite ocean color and sea ice concentration to investigate the variability, trends, and drivers of phytoplankton blooms in the Mertz polynya since 1997. During the bloom, over 21 years, we found (i) a later ice retreat time, (ii) an increase in sea ice concentration, (iii) a decrease in open‐water period, (iv) a later bloom start, and (v) a decrease in bloom duration. Our results suggest that major postcalving changes in the physical characteristics of the polynya, mainly its icescape, are the primary drivers of phytoplankton phenology. More specifically, the MGT calving event resulted in significant seasonal and regional changes, with higher eastern chl‐a and mean summer chl‐a postcalving. While satellite data are useful to study long‐term variability in these inhospitable areas, they only focus on the ocean surface and are obscured by ice and clouds. Additional subsurface parameters from seal tags, gliders and moorings in the southernmost polar regions would strengthen our comprehension of phytoplankton and physical changes in ocean dynamics that may have far‐reaching consequences, from global circulation to carbon export.
An EnOI‐Based Data Assimilation System With DART for a High‐Resolution Version of the CESM2 Ocean Component
Authors: Castruccio Frederic S. , Karspeck Alicia R. , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Hendricks Jonathan , Hoar Tim , Collins Nancy , Anderson Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn ensemble optimal interpolation (EnOI) data assimilation system for a high‐resolution (0.1° horizontal) version of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) ocean component is presented. For this purpose, a new version of the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART Manhattan) that enables large‐state data assimilation by distributing state vector information across multiple processors at high resolution is used. The EnOI scheme uses a static (but seasonally varying) 84‐member ensemble of precomputed perturbations to approximate samples from the forecast error covariance and utilizes a single model integration to estimate the forecast mean. Satellite altimetry and sea surface temperature observations along with in situ temperature and salinity observations are assimilated. This new data assimilation framework is then used to produce a global high‐resolution retrospective analysis for the 2005–2016 period. Not surprisingly, the assimilation is shown to generally improve the time‐mean ocean state estimate relative to an identically forced ocean model simulation where no observations are ingested. However, diminished improvements are found in undersampled regions. Lack of adequate salinity observations in the upper ocean actually results in deterioration of salinity there. The EnOI scheme is found to provide a practical and cost‐effective alternative to the use of an ensemble of forecasts.
A Comparison of the CMIP6midHoloceneandlig127kSimulations in CESM2
Authors: Otto‐Bliesner Bette L. , Brady Esther C. , Tomas Robert A. , Albani Samuel , Bartlein Patrick J. , Mahowald Natalie M. , Shafer Sarah L. , Kluzek Erik , Lawrence Peter J. , Leguy Gunter , Rothstein Mathew , Sommers Aleah N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResults are presented and compared for the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) simulations of the middle Holocene (MH, 6 ka) and Last Interglacial (LIG, 127 ka). These simulations are designated as Tier 1 experiments (midHoloceneandlig127k) for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) and the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project phase 4 (PMIP4). They use the low‐top, standard 1° version of CESM2 contributing to CMIP6 DECK, historical, and future projection simulations, and to other modeling intercomparison projects. ThemidHoloceneandlig127kprovide the opportunity to examine the responses in CESM2 to the orbitally induced changes in the seasonal and latitudinal distribution of insolation. The insolation anomalies result in summer warming over the Northern Hemisphere continents, reduced Arctic summer minimum sea ice, and increased areal extent of the North African monsoon. The Arctic remains warm throughout the year. These changes are greater in thelig127kthanmidHolocenesimulation. Other notable changes are reduction of the Niño3.4 variability and Drake Passage transport and a small increase in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation from thepiControltomidHolocenetolig127ksimulation. Comparisons to paleo‐data and to simulations from previous model versions are discussed. Possible reasons for mismatches with the paleo‐observations are proposed, including missing processes in CESM2, simplifications in the CMIP6 protocols for these experiments, and dating and calibration uncertainties in the data reconstructions.
Regional Ionospheric Parameter Estimation by Assimilating the LSTM Trained Results Into the SAMI2 Model
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Heon , Kwak Young‐Sil , Kim Yong Ha , Moon Su‐In , Jeong Se‐Heon , Yun Jong Yeon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a study on the possibility of predicting the regional ionosphere at midlatitude by assimilating the predicted ionospheric parameters from a neural network (NN) model into the Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI2). The NN model was constructed from the data set of Jeju ionosonde (33.43°N, 126.30°E) for the period of 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015 by using the long‐short term memory (LSTM) algorithm. The NN model provides 24‐hr prediction of the peak density (NmF2) and peak height (hmF2) of the F2 layer over Jeju. The predicted NmF2 and hmF2 were used to compute two ionospheric drivers (total ion density and effective neutral meridional wind), which were assimilated into the SAMI2 model. The SAMI2‐LSTM model estimates the ionospheric conditions over the midlatitude region around Jeju on the same geomagnetic meridional plane. We evaluate the performance of the SAMI2‐LSTM by comparing predicted NmF2 and hmF2 values with measured values during the geomagnetic quiet and storm periods. The root‐mean‐square error values of NmF2 (hmF2) from Jeju ionosonde measurements are lower by 45% and 45% (30% and 11%) than those of the SAMI2 and IRI‐2016 models during the geomagnetic quiet periods. However, during the geomagnetic storm periods, the performance of the SAMI2‐LSTM model does not predict positive geomagnetic storms well. Comparing the quiet and storm periods for the SAMI2‐LSTM model, the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of the storm period was calculated to be 2.76 (3.2) times higher at Jeju (Icheon) than in the quiet period. From these results, we demonstrated that in this study, the combination of the NN‐LSTM model and physics‐based model could improve the ionosphere prediction of existing theoretical and empirical models for midlatitude regions, at least in geomagnetically quiet conditions. We strongly suggest that this attempt, which has not been reported before, could be used as one of the keys to advance the physics‐based model further.
Ionospheric Current Variations Induced by the Solar Flares of 6 and 10 September 2017
Authors: Owolabi Charles , Lei Jiuhou , Bolaji O. S. , Ren Dexin , Yoshikawa Akimasa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe examine the global ionospheric current in relation to X9.33 disk and X8.28 limb flares, which had significant differences in their solar X‐ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) fluxes using the ground‐based magnetometer data. At the peak of X9.33 flare, when X‐ray and EUV radiations were significantly enhanced, the northern current vortex was situated at (40°N, 12 LT), while the southern current vortex was found at (30°S, 13LT). In comparison to the X8.28 flare, the northern current vortex was seen at (16°N, 12LT), while the southern current vortex was situated at (35°S, 14LT), which was 2 hr earlier in local time compared to those observed in the X9.33 flare. The changes in the total current intensity of the X9.33 flare is about 16% less than that of the X8.28 flare, thus revealing that the current variations relative to both flares are due to solar flux and universal time variations. The daytime X9.33 flare northern current vortex is stronger, while the southern vortex is less intense than the corresponding vortex of X8.28 flare. Even though both flares happened in equinox, the current vortices are nearly symmetric. There were significant hemispheric changes in the focus position leading to the hemispheric asymmetry. Our results indicated that both the enhanced X‐ray and EUV fluxes during flares could have impacts on the ionospheric electric field and current, but their relative contributions and the underlying physics need further investigations.
Oblique Right‐Lateral Faulting Along the Northern Margin of the Ili Basin in the Northern Tian Shan, Northwest China
Authors: Wu Chuanyong , Ren Guangxue , Yu Jingxing , Zheng Wenjun , Li Xinnan , Liu Jinrui , Wang Siyu , Li Chuanyou , Zhang Zhuqi , Yang Huili , Zhang Dongli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe quantification of the geometry and kinematics of the boundary faults of an active orogenic belt is key to exploring its deformation pattern. The Kashihe fault (KSHF), which bounds the northern margin of the Ili Basin and is more than 400 km long, is a WNW‐striking fault in the northern Tian Shan. Although the KSHF displays active faulting and is the seismogenic fault of the 1812Ms 8 Nilka earthquake, the quantitative slip rate and its role in regional strain accommodation have not been reported. Here, we quantify the late Quaternary activity of the KSHF based on high‐resolution remote sensing image interpretations and detailed field investigations. Six field observation sites along a ~270 km active fault in the Chinese Tian Shan indicate that the KSHF is characterized by dextral strike‐slip faulting and N‐S thrusting. Based on the surveying of offset geomorphic surfaces with an unmanned drone and the dating of late Quaternary sediments using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon methods, we estimated a late Quaternary right‐lateral strike‐slip rate across the fault of 2.39 ± 0.55 mm/yr and a shortening rate of 0.62 ± 0.30 mm/yr. Analysis of field investigations and fault section exposing indicated that a young paleoearthquake event occurred on the western segment of the KSHF. Active tectonics around the Ili Basin imply that the rigid Ili block extrudes westward along its boundary strike‐slip faults and rotates counterclockwise. We propose that this block rotation driven by dextral faulting accommodates regional N‐S convergence and sinistral shearing.
Development of a Brittle Triaxial Deformation Zone in the Upper Crust: The Case of the Southern Mesa Central of Mexico
Authors: Del Pilar‐Martínez Alexis , Nieto‐Samaniego Angel F. , Alaniz‐Alvarez Susana A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is widely accepted that the polymodal fault patterns accommodate triaxial deformation. Multiphase extension and inherited structural fabrics have been counted as common features for the development of polymodal faults in extensional systems. This research documents the development of a polymodal normal fault system in the Mesa Central of Mexico, focusing on the evolution of the deformation field. The fault system comprises NW and NE grabens and N‐S and E‐W faults. These faults affected silicic volcanic rocks in two Oligocene extensional phases. In the Rupelian (~31 Ma), a NW trending domino fault system was formed, associated with fault domain boundaries (transfer or accommodation zones) oriented NW, NE, N‐S, and E‐W. The domino faults tilted the early Rupelian rocks, and the deformation was biaxial with the principal extension NE‐SW. Subsequently, the Rupelian structures were buried by the middle and late Rupelian volcanism. The second extensional phase occurred in the Chattian (after 28 Ma). In this phase, the Rupelian fault domain boundaries acted as faulting zones forming a polymodal fault system in the volcanic cover. The resulting deformation was triaxial with ENE and NNW horizontal principal extensions. From revision of cases in the literature and the deformation documented in the Mesa Central, we propose a general way to form a brittle triaxial deformation zone, requiring (1) the presence of planes of weakness in the upper crust, (2) the deposition of a cover, and (3) a subsequent faulting event reactivating the underlying anisotropies and producing new faults in the cover.
Lithospheric Strength and Rift Migration Controls on Synrift Stratigraphy and Breakup Unconformities at Rifted Margins: Examples From Numerical Models, the Atlantic and South China Sea Margins
Authors: Pérez‐Gussinyé M. , Andrés‐Martínez M. , Araújo M. , Xin Y. , Armitage J. , Morgan J. P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSynrift stratigraphy and the distribution of breakup‐related erosional unconformities vary vastly between passive margins and cannot be explained by classical rifting models. Here we use numerical modeling to predict their spatiotemporal distribution. We show that synrift stratigraphy mimics rift architecture, which is controlled by lithospheric strength. Basinward rift migration during extension produces (1) oceanward younging, syntectonic and posttectonic sequences, (2) rift migration unconformities, RMUs, predating breakup, and (3) a breakup unconformity, BU, that only extends over the outermost margins, since breakup is not linked with a sudden stress drop. With small synrift sedimentation, the RMUs and BU laterally merge to form a margin‐wide unconformity. In symmetric, wide conjugate margins, which arise for weak lithospheres such as the South China Sea, a long phase of distributed deformation with little subsidence results in early synrift sediment over most of the margins. RMUs merge into a single event that marks the subsequent focusing of deformation into a narrow breakup area, which experiences short‐lived intense thinning and subsidence. In asymmetric conjugate margins, lateral rift migration transports shallowly deposited, early synrift sediments from the narrow to the wide, hyperextended margin, leading to a condensed syntectonic sequence and a single BU in the narrow margin and a series of RMUs in the wide one. For very weak lower crusts, lateral rift migration generates large synrift sag basins in the wide margin, as in Angola and Congo margins. Our models resemble the observed margins tectonic diversity and may be used as templates for interpreting their distal, unexplored areas.
Cordycepin enhances the chemosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to cisplatin by inducing the activation of AMPK and suppressing the AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Gao Ying , Chen Dan-Lei , Zhou Mi , Zheng Zhou-san , He Mei-Fang , Huang Sheng , Liao Xiao-Zhong , Zhang Jia-Xing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough cisplatin (cDDP), is a first-line chemotherapy drug for esophageal cancer, it still has the potential to develop drug resistance and side effects. There is increasing evidence that cordycepin can work synergistically with other chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, we investigated whether combination therapy of cordycepin and cDDP may enhance the therapeutic effect of cDDP. We performed a series of functional tests to study the effect of medical treatment on esophageal cancer cells. We then used GO analysis to examine the pathways affected by treatment with cordycepin and cDDP. Next, we observed changes in the abundance of the selected pathway proteins. The in vivo animal model supported the results of the in vitro experiments. Co-treatment with cordycepin and cDDP inhibited cell growth, migration, and metastasis, as well as induced apoptosis. Cordycepin was found to effectively enhance activation of AMPK and inhibited activity of AKT. In all treatment groups, the expression levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-p70S6K, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 were significantly reduced, while the expression levels of p-AMPK, cleaved Caspase-3, and Bax increased, and the total levels of Akt, PI3K, and p70S6K levels remained unchanged. Overall, cordycepin was found to enhance the chemical sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to cisplatin by inducing AMPK activation and inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway. Combination therapy of cordycepin and cisplatin represent a novel potential treatment of esophageal cancer.
Long noncoding RNA PVT1 promoted gallbladder cancer proliferation by epigenetically suppressing miR-18b-5p via DNA methylation
Authors: Jin Longyang , Cai Qiang , Wang Shouhua , Wang Shuqing , Wang Jiandong , Quan Zhiwei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGallbladder cancer (GBC) accounts for 85–90% malignancies of the biliary tree worldwide. Considerable evidence has demonstrated that dysregulation of lncRNAs is involved in the progression of cancer. LncRNA PVT1 has been reported to play important roles in various cancers, but its role in gallbladder cancer remains unknown. In the present study, we found that PVT1 was upregulated in GBC tissues and cells, and its upregulation was related with poor prognosis in GBC patients. PVT1 promoted GBC cells proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PVT1 recruited DNMT1 via EZH2 to the miR-18b-5p DNA promoter and suppressed the transcription of miR-18b-5p through DNA methylation. Moreover, HIF1A was proved to be the downstream target gene of miR-18b-5p and PVT1 regulated GBC cells proliferation via HIF1A. In conclusion, our studies clarified the PVT1/miR-18b-5p/HIF1A regulation axis and indicated that PVT1 could be a potential therapeutic target for GBC.