bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel peptide derived from IGF‐2 displays anti‐angiogenic activity in vitro and inhibits retinal angiogenesis in a model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy
Authors: Zheng Ying , Sun Qiao , Xu Xun , Wang Weijun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a major cause of significant visual morbidity and blindness in preterm infants, is closely related to pathological angiogenesis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of a new 12‐aa peptide (named peptide CW‐703) from human insulin‐like growth factor‐2, against angiogenesis in ROP.MethodsIn order to evaluate the inhibitory effect of CW‐703 on the proliferation, migration, tube formation and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ScienCell) in vitro, we used MTS assays, a modified Boyden chamber, Matrigel system and TUNEL assays. Effects in vivo were assayed using chorioallantoic membrane assays and oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) models in mice. We also performed eletrophysiological and histologic examinations to evaluate the possible toxicity of the peptide. Real‐time PCR, ELISA and western blotting were used to elucidate the mechanism of CW‐703.ResultsCW‐703 inhibited angiogenesis in vitro by suppressing endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. CW‐703 also prevented angiogenesis in chicken chorioallantoic membrane assays and OIR assays in mice. No evident functional or morphologic abnormalities in neuroretina after CW‐703 injection were revealed in electrophysiological tests and histological examinations. Moreover, we elucidated that CW‐703 competed for binding to IGF‐1R and inhibited angiogenesis by inhibiting IGF‐1R/PI3K/AKT activation and downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression.ConclusionThe novel peptide CW‐703 may act as an effective inhibitor of ocular pathologic angiogenesis, especially in treating ROP.
Optical coherence tomography for patch test grading: A prospective study on its use for noninvasive diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Ruini Cristel , Rahimi Farnaz , Fiocco Zeno , French Lars E. , Hartmann Daniela , Oppel Eva , Sattler Elke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis should be confirmed by skin patch tests. Distinguishing between irritant and allergic reactions is sometimes difficult.ObjectivesTo analyse the in vivo morphological changes in patch test reactions compared to healthy skin, and to detect subclinical changes in doubtful reactions using optical coherence tomography (OCT). To develop an OCT‐based algorithm to support patch‐test grading.MethodsOne hundred twenty‐nine skin patch‐test areas were scanned with OCT to evaluate the following features: architectural and vascular morphology, epidermal thickness, optical attenuation coefficient (AC), and blood flow at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.35 mm depth.ResultsMost common OCT features of acute contact allergic reactions in patch tests were spongiosis with microvesicles (94.8%), macrovesicles (60.3%), and coalescing vesicles (46.6%), the latter useful in differentiating acute allergic from irritant dermatitis (P‐value < .05). Objective quantitative parameters correlated well with the severity grade: epidermal thickness due to spongiosis, AC (P‐value < .05) and blood flow at 0.2 and 0.35 mm (P‐value < .01).ConclusionsOCT as a noninvasive diagnostic tool, established for skin cancer diagnosis, is useful for evaluating contact allergic patch‐test reactions. Not only morphological but also objective features such as blood flow and AC correlate with the reaction severity. Further studies are needed to explore the differences in irritant and allergic contact dermatitis.
The Translational Approaches to Personalized Health Collaborative: Pharmacogenomics for African American Older Adults
Authors: J Sargent Lana , Mackiewicz Marissa , Roman Youssef , Diallo Ana , Russell Sally , Falls Katherine , Zimmerman Kristin M. , Dixon Dave L. , Prom‐Wormley Elizabeth , Hobgood Sarah , Lageman Sarah K. , Zanjani Faika , Price Elvin T. 
Published: October 2020

Older adults (i.e., 60 years and older), are the leading consumers of medications, and consequently are suffering the most from medication‐related adverse events. Not only are older adults the largest consumers of medications, they are more likely to experience an adverse drug event contributing to increased hospitalization, utilization of emergency medical services, and mortality. Translational Approaches to Personalized Health (TAPH) is a transdisciplinary team of researchers conducting community‐engaged participatory research focused on the discovery and translation of pharmacogenomic (PGx) data to improve health outcomes. Underserved and ethnically diverse older adults living in urban settings are significantly under‐represented in PGx studies. To address the issue of under‐representation, our study enrolls older African American adults into a community‐based PGx study. Therefore, we will characterize the frequency of actionable PGx genotypes and identify novel PGx response genes in our cohort of older community dwelling African Americans. The translational component of our work is to use the PGx findings to improve therapeutic outcomes for medication management in older adults. Such findings will serve as a foundation for translational PGx studies aimed at improving medication efficacy and safety for older adults. In this article, we describe the process for launching the TAPH collaborative group, which includes the transdisciplinary team, community‐engaged participatory research model, study measures, and the evaluation of PGx genes.
A Programmed Method for Generating New Product Ideas from an Existing Product Line
Authors: Kumar Subodha , Singhal Jaya , Singhal Kalyan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTWe develop an easy‐to‐implement programmed method for generating new product ideas from existing products. In this method, whose core is a compatibility matrix, each pair of components or each pair of attributes used in a new design is already part of one or more existing products produced by the firm or its competitors. The method has theoretical significance because such new designs might exist. The method also has practical significance because in most cases, a firm can use this programmed approach almost routinely.
Dietary pattern, colonic microbiota and immunometabolism interaction: new frontiers for diabetes mellitus and related disorders
Authors: Eslami M. , Bahar A. , Hemati M. , Rasouli Nejad Z. , Mehranfar F. , Karami S. , Kobyliak N. M. , Yousefi B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this review, the numerous possible mechanisms that provide supportive evidence for how colonic dysbiosis denotes metabolic dysfunction, dysregulates glucose homeostasis and leads to diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders are defined. Information was gathered from articles identified by systematic reviews and searches using Google, PubMed and Scopus. The composition of the colonic microbiota plays an integral role in maintaining host homeostasis by affecting both metabolic activities and underlying functional gene transcription in individuals with diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Increased colonic microbiome‐derived concentrations of lipopolysaccharides, also known as ‘metabolic endotoxaemia’, as well as alterations in bile acid metabolism, short‐chain fatty acids, intestinal hormones and branched‐chain amino acid secretion have been associated with the diverse production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. It has been shown that changes to intestinal bacterial composition are significant even in early childhood and are associated with the pathogenesis of both types of diabetes. We hope that an improved understanding of related mechanisms linking the colonic microbiome with glucose metabolism might provide for innovative therapeutic approaches that would bring the ideal intestinal ecosystem to a state of optimal health, thus preventing and treating diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
Hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes exacerbates amyloid‐related proteins associated with dementia
Authors: Moin Abu Saleh Md , Al‐Qaissi Ahmed , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Atkin Stephen L. , Butler Alexandra E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsHypoglycaemia in diabetes (T2D) may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that hypoglycaemia‐induced amyloid‐related protein changes would be exacerbated in T2D.Materials and methodsA prospective, parallel study in T2D (n = 23) and controls (n = 23). Subjects underwent insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia with blood sampling at baseline, hypoglycaemia and post‐hypoglycaemia; proteomic analysis of amyloid‐related proteins was undertaken.ResultsAt baseline, amyloid‐precursor protein (APP) (P < .01) was elevated and alpha‐synuclein (SNCA) (P < .01) reduced in T2D. At hypoglycaemia, amyloid P‐component (P < .01) was elevated and SNCA (P < .05) reduced in T2D; APP (P < .01) and noggin (P < .05) were elevated and SNCA (P < .01) reduced in controls. In the post‐hypoglycaemia follow‐up period, APP and microtubule‐associated protein tau normalized in controls but showed a below‐baseline decrease in T2D; noggin normalized in both; SNCA normalized in T2D, with a below‐baseline decrease in controls.ConclusionThe AD‐associated protein pattern found in T2D, with basal elevated APP and reduced SNCA, was exaggerated by hypoglycaemia with increased APP and decreased SNCA. Additional AD‐associated protein levels that changed in response to hypoglycaemia, particularly in T2D, included amyloid P‐component, microtubule‐associated protein tau, apolipoproteins A1 and E3, pappalysin and noggin. These results are in accordance with the reported detrimental effects of hypoglycaemia.
The impact of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions on body weight in people with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tandon Saniya , Ayis Salma , Hopkins David , Harding Seeromanie , Stadler Marietta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo systematically review the effects of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions on body weight as a secondary outcome in people with type 1 diabetes.MethodsThe Ovid Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant pharmacological (glucagon‐like peptide‐1 [GLP‐1] receptor agonist, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 [SGLT‐2] inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 [DPP‐4] inhibitor and metformin) and lifestyle intervention studies (diet and exercise) for adults with type 1 diabetes reporting body weight change and HbA1c published from January 2000 to May 2020. Meta‐analyses were performed for 16 randomized controlled trials (RCTs).ResultsThirty‐three RCTs (n = 9344 participants), 26 pharmacological (on average 43.9 years, 83.1 kg, HbA1c 8.1%; 55.8% male) and seven lifestyle‐based interventions (on average 37.0 years, 85.0 kg, HbA1c 8.1%; 84.6% male), were analysed. The GLP‐1 receptor agonist liraglutide 0.6 mg (mean difference [MD]: –2.22 kg [95% CI: –2.55 to –1.90]), 1.2 mg (MD: –3.74 kg [95% CI: –4.16 to –3.33]) and 1.8 mg (MD: –4.85 kg [95% CI: –5.29 to –4.41]), and the SGLT‐2 inhibitors empagliflozin 2.5 mg (MD: –1.47 kg [95% CI: –2.23 to –0.71]), 10 mg (MD: –2.77 kg [95% CI: –3.24 to –2.31]) and 25 mg (MD: –3.06 kg [95% CI: –3.57 to –2.55]) and sotagliflozin 200 mg (MD: –2.40 kg [95% CI: –2.87 to –1.94]) and 400 mg (MD: –3.23 [95% CI: –3.73 to –2.72]) were associated with significant reductions in body weight. No significant effect on body weight was found for DPP‐4 inhibitors, other GLP‐1‐receptor agonists, metformin, or for lifestyle interventions (i.e. exercise and diet).ConclusionsIn people with type 1 diabetes, several adjuvant pharmacological interventions showed weight reduction as a secondary outcome. Future studies in overweight people with type 1 diabetes are needed to establish whether the lifestyle and pharmacological interventions reviewed here have potential as components of complex interventions aimed at body weight reduction as a primary outcome.
Design and baseline characteristics of the AMPLITUDE‐O cardiovascular outcomes trial of efpeglenatide, a weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist
Authors: Gerstein Hertzel C. , Branch Kelley , Heenan Laura , Del Prato Stefano , Khurmi Nardev S. , Lam Carolyn S. P. , Pratley Richard , Rosenstock Julio , Sattar Naveed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe effect of the weekly exendin‐based glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist efpeglenatide on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in high‐risk patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unknown.Materials and methodsPeople with T2DM and glycated haemoglobin >7%, ≥18 years old with previous CV disease, or ≥50 years old with CKD [defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25–59.9 mL/min/1.73 m2], and one or more additional CV risk factors were recruited. Participants were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio, stratified by current, intended or neither current nor intended use of a sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor to receive weekly injections of efpeglenatide (4 mg or 6 mg) or masked placebo. The primary outcome is a major adverse CV event defined as non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke or CV death. Secondary outcomes include a composite kidney outcome (new onset macroalbuminuria with an increase from baseline of ≥30%, sustained 40% decrease in eGFR, renal replacement therapy, or sustained eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2). The trial will continue until ≥330 participants have had a major adverse CV event outcome and the sample size was based on accruing enough outcomes to detect non‐inferiority of efpeglenatide versus placebo.ResultsRecruitment of 4076 participants (33% women, mean age 64.5 years) occurred between 11 May 2018 and 25 April 2019 at 344 sites in 28 countries. Mean baseline glycated haemoglobin was 8.9% (1.5), 31.6% had an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 89.5% had previous CV disease and 15.0% were on an SGLT2 inhibitor.ConclusionsThe results of the AMPLITUDE O trial will inform the use of exendin‐based glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist to people with T2DM and high CV risk, with and without CKD, in the presence and absence of an SGLT2 inhibitor.
Comparison of echocardiographic parameters with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of right ventricular function
Authors: Agasthi Pradyumna , Chao Chieh‐Ju , Siegel Robert J. , Pujari Sai Harika , Mookadam Farouk , Venepally Nithin R. , Wang Panwen , Ashraf Hasan , Marcotte Francois , Brown Lisa , Semkiv Oksana I. , Fath Ayman R. , Allam Mohamed N. A. , Jokerst Clinton E. , Arsanjani Reza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe right ventricle (RV) strain measured by speckle tracking (RVS) is an echocardiographic parameter used to assess RV function. We compared RVS to RV fractional area change (FAC%), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and Doppler tissue imaging‐derived peak systolic velocity (Sʹ) in the assessment of right ventricular (RV) systolic function measured using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsWe enrolled consecutive patients who underwent cardiac MRI between Jan 2012 and Dec 2017 and a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) within 1 month of the MRI with no interval event. Baseline clinical characteristics and MRI parameters were extracted from chart review. Echocardiographic parameters were measured prospectively. TTE parameters including RVS, TAPSE, Sʹ, and FAC% were tested for accuracy to identify impaired RV EF (EF < 45% & <30%) using receiver operator curves.ResultsThe study cohort included 500 patients with mean age 55 years ± 18 and peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity 2.7 ± 1.4 m/s. The area under ROC for RVS was 0.69 (95% CI 0.63–0.75) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.88) to predict RVEF < 45% & RVEF < 30%, respectively. The RV FAC% had second highest accuracy of predicting RVEF among all the TTE parameters tested in study.ConclusionRight ventricular strain is the most accurate echocardiographic method to detect impaired right ventricular systolic function when using MRI as the gold standard.
Between a rock and an egg‐crushing place: selection pressure from natural enemies and plant defences on eggs of the viburnum leaf beetle in its native range
Authors: Desurmont Gaylord A. , Kerdellant Elven , Lambin Nicolas 
Published: October 2020

1. The viburnum leaf beetle (VLB) is native to Eurasia and invasive in North America. It lays eggs inside young Viburnum twigs; eggs can be crushed by plant defences (wounding response) and attacked by natural enemies (parasitoids).2. We evaluated plant defences and parasitism rates in 42 field sites in 11 European countries, on three host plants (V. opulus, V. lantana, and V. tinus), and under two main climatic conditions (Mediterranean, oceanic/continental).3. Plant defences killed six times more eggs than natural enemies overall (25.4% vs. 4.1%). This effect was consistent for all host plants and climatic conditions. Egg survivorship and parasitism were lower in Mediterranean sites.4. Parasitism was positively density‐dependent, indicating a higher risk of parasitism on heavily infested twigs, but this effect was confounded with host plant species.5. These results suggest that plant defences have been the dominant selection force driving the evolution of VLB oviposition behaviour.
The impact of technological endodontic resources on the training of the general dentist
Authors: Tavares Érika P. , Tavares André L. P. , Flório Flávia M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionTechnological resources are considered important for the practice and training in endodontics. It is not yet clear the extent of the insertion of these resources in predoctoral dental programmes and the effect of such resources to the general dentist training.AimTo evaluate the faculty perception regarding the insertion of technological resources, particularly rotary instruments, and the impact of such resources to the student's learning process graded at the end of predoctoral dental programmes in Brazil by the National Students Performance Exam (ENADE).MethodsThe endodontic department faculties in all 205 programmes that participated in the 2016 ENADE received a questionnaire by email. The institution, faculty credentials, and insertion of technologies in each programme were described, and an association between these data and the ENADE score was tested.Results149 educators (72.7%) answered the form. From this total, 73.2% of them were from private institutions and 26.8% from public ones. Educators mix manual and rotary instrumentation to treat selected patients in 47.7% of the programmes. Most educators (89.9%) consider the utilisation of technology in endodontics as positive. Whilst there was not a significant association between the use of rotary instrumentation and better performance in ENADE, there was a significant association between the performance and the supply of special instruments by the institutions.ConclusionThese results show that even though most faculties consider the insertion of technologies as positive, the factor that caused a significant impact to the training of the general dentist is the general infrastructure of the institutions.
Ex vivo T‐cell depletion vs post‐transplant cyclophosphamide, sirolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil as graft‐vs‐host disease prophylaxis for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Montoro Juan , Roldán Elisa , Piñana José Luis , Barba Pere , Chorão Pedro , Quintero Abdiel , Hernani Rafael , Ortí Guillermo , Lorenzo José Ignacio , Balaguer‐Roselló Aitana , Salamero Olga , Fox Laura , Solves Pilar , Gómez Inés , Guerreiro Manuel , Hernández Boluda Juan Carlos , Sanz Guillermo , Solano Carlos , Sanz Miguel Ángel , Valcárcel David , Sanz Jaime 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of CD34+ selected ex vivo T‐cell depletion (TCD) vs post‐transplant cyclophosphamide, sirolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil (PTCy‐Sir‐MMF) as graft‐vs‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis.MethodsWe retrospectively included patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) with either TCD (n = 38) or PTCy‐Sir‐MMF (n = 91).ResultsCumulative incidence of neutrophil and platelet recovery was 92% vs 99% (P = .06) and 89% vs 97% (P = .3) in TCD and PTCy‐Sir‐MMF, respectively. Cumulative incidences of aGHVD grade II‐IV, III‐IV, and moderate to severe cGVHD were 11% vs 19% (P = .2), 3% vs 2% (P = .9), and 3% vs 36% (P < .001) in TCD and PTCy‐Sir‐MMF, respectively. The 2‐year non‐relapse mortality, relapse, disease‐free and overall survival were 25% vs 8% (P = .01), 20% vs 16% (P = .2), 55% vs 76% (P = .004), 57% vs 83% (P = .004) for TCD and PTCy‐Sir‐MMF, respectively. Cumulative incidence of cytomegalovirus and Epstein‐Barr infection requiring therapy was 76% vs 40% (P < .001) and 32% vs 0% (P < .001) in TCD and PTCy‐Sir‐MMF, respectively. PTCy‐Sir‐MMF platform showed faster T‐cell reconstitution.ConclusionsPTCy‐Sir‐MMF provides better survival outcomes but is associated with higher risk of cGVHD compared to TCD.
Influence of cortisol awakening response on telomere length: Trends for males and females
Authors: Thomas Natalie , Hudaib Abdul‐Rahman , Romano‐Silva Marco , Bozaoglu Kiymet , H. X. Thomas Elizabeth , Rossell Susan , Kulkarni Jayashri , Gurvich Caroline 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough telomere attrition is associated with the process of normal ageing, shorter telomere length (TL) has been associated with acute and chronic stressors. A neurobiological factor hypothesised to be responsible for this accelerated attrition is the dysregulation of the cortisol stress response, which can induce DNA damage affecting DNA telomeric caps. Marked sex differences are reported in both the cortisol stress response and telomere dynamics, yet no explicit investigation of sex specificity on the relationship between cortisol and TL exists. This study used mathematical equation modelling to describe the relationship between diurnal cortisol levels and telomere length within the context of sex, in a healthy population. Cortisol awakening responses (CAR) were measured via ELISA methodology in fifty‐one healthy participants (28 males, 23 females). qPCRs determined TL from genomic DNA extracted from saliva. To assess the effect of free cortisol on relative TL ratio, a semi‐log regression plot of the two variables trended for sex were fitted using spline curves. Results demonstrated significant differences between males and females in the relationship defining CAR and TL association (p = 0.03). These results suggest the relationship is not linear and can be represented as a complex arcsin function, and that the patterns are opposite in males and females. Males demonstrate a positive correlation, with higher levels of CAR being associated with longer telomere sequences. Females demonstrated a negative correlation. Future studies must carefully take into consideration moderating factors such as sex, and sex hormones across the lifespan when investigating telomere length.