bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Mefloquine Hydrochloride Determination in Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Nogueira Fernando Henrique Andrade , Goulart Letícia De Paula Lana , César Isabela Da Costa , De Campos Lígia Maria Moreira , Pianetti Gérson Antônios 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple HPLC method for determination of meﬂoquine hydrochloride in tablets was developed and validated. The separation was carried out on an Xterra RP18 (250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 µm particle size) analytical column. The mobile phase was 0.05 M monobasic potassium phosphate buffer (pH 3.5)–methanol (40 + 60, v/v). The ﬂow rate and wavelength were set to 1 mL/min and 283 nm, respectively. The method was specifc for meﬂoquine hydrochloride in the presence of hydrolytic, oxidative, and photolytic degradation products. It was also linear, precise, accurate, and robust, being suitable for routine QC analyses and stability studies. The developed HPLC method was compared to a previously described spectrophotometric method.
Evaluation of Applied Biosystems MicroSEQ® Real-Time PCR System for Detection of Salmonella spp. in Food
Authors: Balachandran Priya , Cao Yanxiang , Wong Lily , Furtado Manohar R , Petrauskene Olga V , Tebbs Robert S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Real-time PCR methods for detecting foodborne pathogens offer the advantages of simplicity and quick time-to-results compared to traditional culture methods. In this study, the MicroSEQ® real-time PCR system was evaluated for detection of Salmonella spp. in 10 different food matrixes following the AOAC Research Institute's Performance Tested MethodSM validation program. In addition, the performance of the MicroSEQ system was evaluated for the detection of Salmonella in peanut butter as a part of the Emergency Response Validation Program sponsored by the AOAC Research Institute. The system was compared to the ISO 6579 reference method using a paired-study design for detecting Salmonella spp. in raw ground beef, raw chicken, raw shrimp, Brie cheese, shell eggs, cantaloupe, chocolate, black pepper, dry infant formula, and dry pet food. For the peanut butter study, the system was compared to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual procedures using an unpaired-study design. No significant difference in performance was observed between the MicroSEQ Salmonella spp. detection system and the corresponding reference methods for all 11 food matrixes. The MicroSEQ system detected all Salmonella strains tested, while showing good discrimination against detection of an exclusivity panel of 30 strains, with high accuracy.
DuPont Qualicon BAX® System Real-Time PCR Assay for Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Burns Frank , Fleck Lois , Andaloro Bridget , Davis Eugene , Rohrbeck Jeff , Tice George , Wallace Morgan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Evaluations were conducted to test the performance of the BAX® System Real-Time PCR assay, which was certified as Performance Tested MethodSM 031002 for screening E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef, beef trim, spinach, and lettuce. Method comparison studies performed on samples with low-level inoculates showed that the BAX System demonstrates a sensitivity equivalent or superior to the FDA-BAM and the USDA-FSIS culture methods, but with a significantly shorter time to result. Tests to evaluate inclusivity and exclusivity returned no false-negative and no false-positive results on a diverse panel of isolates, and tests for lot-to-lot variability and tablet stability demonstrated consistent performance. Ruggedness studies determined that none of the factors examined affect the performance of the assay. An accelerated shelf life study determined an initial 36 month shelf life for the test kit.
Development and Validation of an HPLC Stability-Indicating Method for Identification and Assay of Elemental Iron(II) in Pharmaceutical Drug Products Using Reversed-Phase HPLC
Authors: Dias Neil C , Rustum Abu M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ferrous sulfate tablets are a supplementary iron source for people who suffer from iron defciency anemia. A simple, fast, and QCfriendly HPLC method was developed and validated to determine elemental iron in ferrous sulfate drug products. A TSK-GEL Super octadecylsilyl column (50 × 4.6 mm id, 2 µm particle size) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.06 M methanesulfonic acid in water–acetonitrile (40 + 60, v/v) and UV detection at 282 nm were used for this method. Separation of the elemental iron peak from the matrix was achieved within 5 min. This method was successfully validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, and shown to be stability-indicating for the shelf-life samples of ferrous sulfate tablets, as well as selective for the analyte of interest.
Uncertainty Component Evaluation in Conventional Microbiological Qualitative Measurements
Authors: Tak Ka Charlotte Chan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To couple method performance and QA in microbiological testing, uncertainty profles have been developed according to relevant LODs and their confdence intervals. Percentage probability of failure is proposed to express this uncertainty. Analysis variance is divided into four categories: uncertainty originating from the sample, uncertainty originating from variations in procedure, uncertainty originating from the measurement system, and uncertainty originating in repeatability/reproducibility.
Determination of Residual Fluoroquinolones in Honey by Liquid Chromatography Using Metal Chelate Affinity Chromatography
Authors: Yatsukawa Yoh-Ichi , Ito Hironobu , Matsuda Takahiro , Nakamura Munetomo , Watai Masatoshi , Fujita Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new analytical method for the simultaneous determination of seven ﬂuoroquinolones, namely, norﬂoxacin, ciproﬂoxacin, danoﬂoxacin, enroﬂoxacin, orbiﬂoxacin, saraﬂoxacin, and diﬂoxacin, especially in dark-colored honey, has been developed. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics were extracted from samples with MacIlvaine buffer solution (pH 4.0) containing EDTA disodium salt dihydrate. The extracts were treated with both a polymeric cartridge and a metal chelate affnity column preloaded with ferric ion (Fe3+). LC separation with ﬂuorescence detection was performed at 40°C using an Inertsil ODS-4 analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3 µm). The mobile phase was composed of 20 mM/L citrate buffer solution (pH 3.1)–acetonitrile mixture (70 + 30, v/v) containing 1 mM/L sodium dodecyl sulfate. Lomeﬂoxacin was used as an internal standard. The developed method was validated according to the criteria of European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Decision limits and detection capabilities were below 2.9 and 4.4 μg/kg, respectively.
Quantitative Determination of Pregnanes from Aerial Parts of Caralluma Species Using HPLC-UV and Identification by LC-ESI-TOF
Authors: Avula Bharathi , Shukla Yatin J , Wang Yan-Hong , Khan Ikhlas A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An HPLC method was developed for the quantitative determination of five pregnane derivatives from aerial parts of Caralluma species and dietary supplements. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, LOD, and LOQ. The LOD and LOQ of five pregnane compounds were found to be in the range of 1–5 and 3–15 μg/mL, respectively, by HPLC using photodiode array detection. This method was applied to the identification of three plant materials of Caralluma species (C. fimbriata, C. umbellate, and C. attentuata) and seven dietary supplements claiming to contain C. fimbriata. An LC/MS coupled with electrospray ionization interface method was used for the identification of compounds and involved the use of [M+Na]+ ions in the positive ion mode with extracted ion chromatogram.
Determination of Major Phenolic Compounds in Echinacea spp. Raw Materials and Finished Products by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection: Single-Laboratory Validation Matrix Extension
Authors: Brown Paula N , Chan Michael , Paley Lori , Betz Joseph M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method previously validated to determine caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, cynarin, echinacoside, and cichoric acid in echinacea raw materials has been successfully applied to dry extract and liquid tincture products in response to North American consumer needs. Single-laboratory validation was used to assess the repeatability, accuracy, selectivity, LOD, LOQ, analyte stability (ruggedness), and linearity of the method, with emphasis on finished products. Repeatability precision for each phenolic compound was between 1.04 and 5.65% RSD, with HorRat values between 0.30 and 1.39 for raw and dry extract finished products. HorRat values for tinctures were between 0.09 and 1.10. Accuracy of the method was determined through spike recovery studies. Recovery of each compound from raw material negative control (ginseng) was between 90 and 114%, while recovery from the finished product negative control (maltodextrin and magnesium stearate) was between 97 and 103%. A study was conducted to determine if cichoric acid, a major phenolic component of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and E. angustifolia DC, degrades during sample preparation (extraction) and HPLC analysis. No significant degradation was observed over an extended testing period using the validated method.
Development and Validation of a Reversed-Phase Column Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Five Cephalosporins in Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Elkady Ehab F , Abbas Samah S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new, simple, rapid, and precise RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of five cephalosporins, namely, cefalexin, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime. The method has been applied successfully for simultaneous determination of cefalexin in a binary mixture with sodium benzoate in a suspension, and cefoperazone in a binary mixture with sulbactam in vials. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters μBondapak® C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm id, 10 μm particle size) using the mobile phase monobasic potassium phosphate (50 mM, pH 4.6)–acetonitrile (80 + 20, v/v) with UV detection. A flow rate of 1 mL/min was applied. Linearity, accuracy, and precision were found to be acceptable over the concentration range of 30–300, 3–30, and 15–120 μg/mL for the studied cephalosporins, sodium benzoate, and sulbactam, respectively. The optimized method proved to be specific, robust, and accurate for QC of the cited drugs in their pharmaceutical preparations.
Aflatoxin Plate Kit
Authors: Trombley Arthur , Fan Titan , LaBudde Robert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The level of total aflatoxin contamination was analyzed in naturally contaminated and spiked samples of corn and peanut using the Aflatoxin Plate Kit. This kit is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suitable for rapid testing of grains and peanuts. The assay was evaluated for ruggedness and linearity of the standard curve. The test kit results were then statistically evaluated for accuracy, precision, and correlation to a validated HPLC method (AOAC 994.08). The results were verified by an independent laboratory.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Okadaic Acid: Investigation of Analytical Conditions and Sample Matrix on Assay Performance
Authors: Wang Li , Sang Ya-Xin , Wang Xiang-Hong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is a lipophilic marine biotoxin. In this study, OA was coupled with the carrier proteins keyhole limpet hemocyanin and bovine serum albumin as immunity and detection antigens by an active ester method. The polyclonal antibody against OA was prepared successfully, an indirect competitive ELISA (ciELISA) developed for the detection of OA in shellfish, and the reactive conditions of ciELISA optimized. The LOD (15% inhibition concentration) for the microwell plates was 1.28±0.38 ng/mL, corresponding to 12.8±3.8 ng/g. Two extraction methods were used to remove shellfish matrix interference with high recovery of spiked samples, and the methanol extraction of shellfish mussel was analyzed after dilution in phosphate-buffered saline. For validation of the optimized ciELISA, spiked and natural samples were analyzed by ciELISA, and HPLC with fluorescence detection. The correlation of linear regression equation was y=1.0064x–10.234, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9347. From the results of the comparative study, the established ciELISA assay using polyclonal antibody against OA could be used in preliminary screening of suspicious shellfish samples.
Diarrhea may be underestimated: a missing link in 2019 novel coronavirus
Authors: Liang Weicheng , Feng Zhijie , Rao Shitao , Xiao Cuicui , Lin Ze-Xiao , Zhang Qi , Wei Qi 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe outbreak of pneumonia caused by the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was reported in Wuhan City, China. However, the clinical symptoms varied in different reports. Based on results of inter-group difference test, we found that the incidence of diarrhea differed in three recent reports. As 2019-nCoV utilizes the same cell entry receptor ACE2 as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ACE2 tightly controls intestinal inflammation, to trace the route of infection mediated by 2019-nCoV, we used the single-cell RNA sequencing data for analysis. We found that the ACE2 mRNA was highly expressed in the healthy human small intestine rather than the lung. Besides, single-cell RNA sequencing data showed that ACE2 was significantly elevated in the proximal and distal enterocytes, where the small intestinal epithelium is exposed to the foreign pathogen. Thus, we suspect that ACE2-expressing small intestinal epithelium cells might be vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection when people eat infected wild animals and diarrhea may serve as an indicator for infection, suggesting that clinicians should pay more attention to patients with diarrhea during the outbreak of pneumonia.
Tracing Evolutionary Ages of Cancer-Driving Sites by Cancer Somatic Mutations
Authors: Gu Xun , Zou Zhan , Yang Jingwen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEvolutionary understanding of cancer genes may provide insights on the nature and evolution of complex life and the origin of multicellularity. In this study, we focus on the evolutionary ages of cancer-driving sites, and try to explore to what extent the amino acids of cancer-driving sites can be traced back to the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the gene. According to gene phylostraigraphy analysis, we use the definition of gene age (tg) by the most ancient phylogenetic position that can be traced back, in most cases based on the large-scale homology search of protein sequences. Our results are shown that the site-age profile of cancer-driving sites of TP53 is correlated with the number of cancer types the somatic mutations may affect. In general, those amino acid sites mutated in most cancer types are much ancient. These sites frequently mutated in cancerous cells are possibly responsible for carcinogenesis; some may be very important for basic growth of single-cell organisms, and others may contribute to complex cell regulation of multicellular organisms. The further cancer genomics analysis also indicates that ages of cancer-driving sites are ancient but may have a broad range in early stages of metazoans.
Supervised and Unsupervised Classification of Cocoa Bean Origin and Processing using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kumar Santhust , D’Souza Roy N. , Behrends Britta , Corno Marcello , Ullrich Matthias S. , Kuhnert Nikolai , Hütt Marc-Thorsten 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTLiquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) provides an unprecedented wealth of metabolomics information for food products, including insights into compositional changes during food processing. Here, we employed the largest available LC-MS dataset of around 300 cocoa bean samples to assess the capability of two popular multivariate classification methods, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear decomposition analysis (LDA), for studying bean geographic origin and responsible characteristic compounds.The unsupervised method, PCA, only provides a limited separation in bean origin. Expectedly, the supervised method, LDA, provides a better origin clustering. However, it suffers from a strong, nonlinear dependence on the set of compounds used in the analysis. We show that for LDA a compound filtering criterion based on Gaussian intensity distributions dramatically enhances origin clustering of samples, thus increasing its predictive efficiency. In this form, the supervised method of LDA holds the possibility to identify potential markers of a specific origin.
Correlation network analysis based on untargeted LC-MS profiles of cocoa reveals processing stage and origin country
Authors: Kumar Santhust , D’Souza Roy N. , Corno Marcello , Ullrich Matthias S. , Kuhnert Nikolai , Hütt Marc-Thorsten 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIn order to implement quality control measures and create fine flavor products, an important objective in cocoa processing industry is to realize standards for characterization of cocoa raw materials, intermediate and finished products with respect to their processing stages and countries of origin. Towards this end, various works have studied separability or distinguishability of cocoa samples belonging to various processing stages in a typical cocoa processing pipeline or to different origins. Limited amount of success has been possible in this direction in that unfermented and fermented cocoa samples have been shown to group into separate clusters in PCA. However, a clear clustering with respect to the country of origin has remained elusive. In this work we suggest an alternative approach to this problem through the framework of correlation networks. For 140 cocoa samples belonging to eight countries and three progressive stages in a typical cocoa processing pipeline we compute pairwise Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients based on the LC-MS profiles and derive correlation networks by retaining only correlations higher than a threshold. Progressively increasing this threshold reveals, first, processing stage (or sample type) modules (or network clusters) at low and intermediate values of correlation threshold and then country specific modules at high correlation thresholds. We present both qualitative and quantitative evidence through network visualization and node connectivity statistics. Besides demonstrating separability of the two data properties via this network-based method, our work suggests a new approach for studying classification of cocoa samples with nested attributes of processing stage sample types and country of origin along with possibility of including additional factors, e.g., hybrid variety, etc. in the analysis.
Cortical network mechanisms of response inhibition
Authors: Schaum Michael , Pinzuti Edoardo , Sebastian Alexandra , Lieb Klaus , Fries Pascal , Mobascher Arian , Jung Patrick , Wibral Michael , Tüscher Oliver 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBoth the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) and the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) are crucial for successful response inhibition. However, the particular functional roles of those two regions have been controversially debated for more than a decade now. It is unclear whether the rIFG directly initiates stopping or serves an attentional function, whereas the stopping is triggered by the pre-SMA. The current multimodal MEG/fMRI study sought to clarify the role and temporal activation order of both regions in response inhibition using a selective stopping task. This task dissociates inhibitory from attentional processes. Our results reliably reveal a temporal precedence of rIFG over pre-SMA. Moreover, connectivity during response inhibition is directed from rIFG to pre-SMA and predicts stopping performance. Response inhibition is implemented via beta-band oscillations. Our findings support the hypothesis that response inhibition is initiated by the rIFG as a form of attention-independent top-down control.
Explosive sensing with insect-based biorobots
Authors: Saha Debajit , Mehta Darshit , Atlan Ege , Chandak Rishabh , Traner Mike , Lo Ray , Gupta Prashant , Singamaneni Srikanth , Chakrabartty Shantanu , Raman Barani 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTStand-off chemical sensing is an important capability with applications in several domains including homeland security. Engineered devices for this task, popularly referred to as electronic noses, have limited capacity compared to the broad-spectrum abilities of the biological olfactory system. Therefore, we propose a hybrid bio-electronic solution that directly takes advantage of the rich repertoire of olfactory sensors and sophisticated neural computational framework available in an insect olfactory system. We show that select subsets of neurons in the locust (Schistocerca americana) brain were activated upon exposure to various explosive chemical species (such as DNT and TNT). Responses from an ensemble of neurons provided a unique, multivariate fingerprint that allowed discrimination of explosive vapors from non-explosive chemical species and from each other. Notably, target chemical recognition could be achieved within a few hundred milliseconds of exposure. Finally, we developed a minimally-invasive surgical approach and mobile multi-unit electrophysiological recording system to tap into the neural signals in a locust brain and realize a biorobotic explosive sensing system. In sum, our study provides the first demonstration of how biological olfactory systems (sensors and computations) can be hijacked to develop a cyborg chemical sensing approach.SUMMARYWe demonstrate a bio-robotic chemical sensing approach where signals from an insect brain are directly utilized to detect and distinguish various explosive chemical vapors.
A Note about the Individualized TMS Focality
Authors: Makarov Sergey N. , Wartman William A. , Daneshzand Mohammad , Nummenmaa Aapo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA particular yet computationally successful solution of an inverse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) problem is reported. The goal has been focusing the normal unsigned electric field at the inner cortical surface and its vicinity (the D wave activation site) given a unique high-resolution gyral pattern of a subject and a precise coil model.For 16 subjects and 32 arbitrary target points, the solution decreases the mean deviation of the maximum-field domain from the target by a factor of 2 on average. The reduction in the maximum-field area is expected to quadruple. The average final deviation is 6 mm.Rotation about the coil axis is the most significantly altered parameter, and the coil moves 10 mm on average during optimization. The maximum electric field magnitude decreases by 16% on average. Stability of the solution is enforced. The relative average de-focalization is below 1.2 when position/orientation accuracies are within 3 mm/6 degrees, respectively. The solution for the maximum normal field may also maximize the total field and its gradient for neighboring cortical layers III-V (I wave activation).
Manipulation-based skills for anthropomorphic human-arm system based on integrated ANFIS and vector calculus
Authors: Than LE , An LE 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on developing our new approaches to solve Inverse Kinematics using Vector Calculus and integrating the ANFIS module. Specifically, these approaches are evaluated in term of accuracy and performance on the 5-DOF robotic arm model inspired by the human arm structure. Evaluation for our new approaches are described detail in this paper and therefore shows the efficiency and robustness of our methods and potentially leads a new research direction in modeling kinematics of anthro-pomorphic robotic arm.