bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tensão entre o privado e o público na tragédia ‘Hipólito’, de Eurípides
Authors: Silva Fernando Crespim Zorrer da 
Published: May 2020

Discutir o ‘privado’ e o ‘público’ em uma tragédia grega demanda que se preocupe com diversas questões, como, por exemplo, a posição da mulher e a do homem na casa, a atuação masculina na pólis e até mesmo a presença dos deuses nas relações humanas. A tragédia Hipólito de Eurípides nos proporciona um debate sobre os limites entre o ‘privado’ e o ‘público’, ressaltando como o homem e a mulher oscilam nesse caminho de conhecimento do mundo. Por peculiaridade de toda a cena dramática, a narrativa ocorre quando Teseu está ausente de casa sem que se saiba onde está e nem há o conhecimento se está vivo; é o momento da desintegração da sua família e consequentemente o limite do privado e do público das personagens se transforma.
The intravesical injection of highly purified botulinum toxin for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity
Authors: Asafu-Adjei Denise , Small Alexander , McWilliams Glen , Galea Giuseppe , Chung Doreen , Pak Jamie 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (DO).
Methods: We identified patients with neurogenic DO confirmed on urodynamics (UDS) and reported urgency incontinence (UI) in those who received intravesical incobotulinumtoxin A injection for neurogenic bladder between November 2013 and May 2017. Parameters studied were daytime frequency, daily incontinence episodes, daily pad use, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) volumes, symptom scores (UDI6, IIQ7, PGII), and complications.
Results: We examined 17 male patients who met inclusion criteria and underwent incobotulinumtoxinA injection. Mean age was 61.2±15.4 years. Fourteen patients (82%) were taking oral antimuscarinics prior to the incobotulinumtoxin A injection. There were improvements in the following parameters: average daily pads (4.5 to 3.3, p=0.465), daily urinary frequency (9.4 to 4.6, p=0.048), daily incontinent episodes (2.5 to 0.4, p=0.033), CIC volumes (400 to 550 mL, p=0.356), hours in between CIC (3.6 to 5.2, p=0.127), and the validated questionnaires UDI6 (30.6 to 7.4, p=0.543) and IIQ7 (52.4 to 6.8, p=0.029). There were no documented symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) within 30 days of injection or reports of de novo urinary retention. Nine of 17 patients (53%) reported being dry at their first postoperative visit.
Conclusions: In this preliminary pilot study of a small cohort of males with neurogenic DO and UI, significant improvements were seen following incobotulinumtoxinA injection in daily frequency, incontinence episodes, hours in between CIC, and quality of life. Larger-scale and long-term studies are required to confirm these results, but initial findings are promising for wider use of this formulation.
Clinical outcomes of glansectomy with split-thickness skin graft reconstruction for localized penile cancer
Authors: Beech Ben B. , Chapman David W. , Rourke Keith F. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Penectomy as the traditional surgical treatment of penile cancer, has substantial adverse functional and psychological impact. Glansectomy with split thickness skin graft (STSG) reconstruction aims to provide curative resection while maximizing functional outcomes, and minimizing psychological harm. We describe our outcomes of glansectomy with STSG reconstruction for penile cancer in a Canadian setting. Methods: We identified patients undergoing glansectomy with STSG genital reconstruction for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis from July 2006 to July 2019 at a single center. Patients undergoing glansectomy for reasons other than penile cancer were excluded. We collected clinical and pathological data, including patient demographics, 90-day complications, positive margin rate, local recurrence rate, disease-specific survival, and functional outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize our cohort and to examine outcomes.
Results: Twelve men met study criteria with a median age of 62 years. Seven patients had failed prior treatment. The 90-day complication rate (Clavien >2) was 0% and graft take was excellent in all cases. The positive margins rate was 16.7% (n=2). Local recurrence occurred in two patients (16.7%), one of whom underwent a repeat organ-sparing surgery for salvage, while the other underwent radical penectomy for high-risk pathological features. Disease-free survival at a median followup of 14 months was 91.7% (11/12). Standing voiding and erectile function, as well as satisfactory cosmesis were preserved in all patients.
Conclusions: Glansectomy with STSG reconstruction is a safe and effective treatment for men with localized penile cancer with simultaneous preservation of cosmesis, as well as urinary and sexual function.
Quality of life, depression, and psychosocial mechanisms of suicide risk in prostate cancer
Authors: Tripp Dean , Mihajlovic Valentina , Fretz Katherine , Fervaha Gagan , Izard Jason , Corby Rebecca , Siemens D. Robert 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men and is usually identified at a stage at which prolonged survival is expected. Therefore, strategies to address survivorship and promote well-being are crucial. This study’s aim was to better understand suicidal behavior in PCa patients by examining psychosocial mediators (i.e., depression, psychache, perceived burdensomeness [PB], thwarted belongingness [TB]) in the relationship between quality of life (PCa-QoL) and suicide risk.
Methods: Four hundred and six men with PCa (Median age 69.35 years, standard deviation 7.79) completed an online survey on various psychosocial variables associated with suicide risk. A combined serial/parallel mediation model tested whether depression, in serial with both psychache and PB/TB, mediated the relationship between PCa-QoL and suicide risk.
Results: Over 14% of participants’ self-reports indicated clinically significant suicide risk. Poorer PCa-QoL was related to greater depression, which was related to both greater psychache and PB/TB, which was associated with greater suicide risk. The serial mediation effect of depression and psychache was significantly stronger than that of depression and PB/TB. PCa-QoL did not predict suicide risk through depression alone, showing that depressive symptoms affect suicide risk through psychache and PB/TB.
Conclusions: Given the alarming estimate of individuals at-risk for suicide in this study, clinicians should consider patients with poorer PCa-QoL and elevated depression for psychosocial referral or management. Psychache (i.e., psychological pain) and PB/TB (i.e., poor social fit) may be important targets for reducing suicide risk intervention beyond the impact of depression alone.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of trials evaluating the role of adjuvant radiation after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: Implications for early salvage
Authors: Bhindi Bimal , Lokeshwar Soum D. , Klaassen Zachary , Klotz Laurence , Wallis Christopher J.D. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Recent reports suggest that early salvage radiation (esRT) is non-inferior to adjuvant radiation (aRT) for adverse pathological features at radical prostatectomy. However, aRT was accepted as a standard treatment primarily based on effects on biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS). In order to understand the merits of esRT, the objective was to reassess if aRT vs. observation is associated with improved overall survival (OS).
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized trials evaluating aRT was performed. The primary outcome was OS. Secondary outcomes were metastasis-free survival (MFS), loco-regional recurrence-free survival (RFS), bPFS, and adverse events. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis.
Results: Four randomized trials including 2068 patients with a median followup of 8.7–12.6 years were identified. While all trials reported a bPFS benefit, only one reported an OS benefit. Upon meta-analysis, no significant OS benefit was detected with aRT vs. observation (hazard ratio [HR] 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–1.33), although consistent bPFS (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.41–0.54) and local-RFS (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.39–0.73) benefits were noted. There is an uncertain MFS benefit with aRT (HR 0.79; 95% CI 0.62–1.01), and the effect is largely driven by one trial with a notable risk of bias. There was also a risk of overtreatment, with 35–60% of patients being biochemical recurrence-free with observation alone. Adverse events risk was greater with aRT vs. observation.
Conclusions: Although aRT vs. observation provides a bPFS benefit related to local control, there is no clear OS or MFS benefit, a greater risk of adverse events, and a risk of overtreatment. By extension, these data have implications for patient selection and counselling for esRT.
SPRAWNOŚĆ POSTĘPOWANIA KARNEGO A PRZERWA I ODROCZENIE ROZPRAWY GŁÓWNEJ. ROZWAŻANIA W KONTEKŚCIE OSÓB DOTKNIĘTYCH CHOROBĄ PSYCHICZNĄ LUB UPOŚLEDZENIEM UMYSŁOWYM
Authors: Boniecka -Hakobyan Dominika 
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this article is raising the issue of the efficiency of criminal prosecution in case of the continuance, due to mental disorder or mental disability of the defendant. The text corpus includes the overview of the achievements of the doctrine and judicature in the efficiency of the criminal prosecution with the latest amendments. It has been enriched with the exploration of statistics of the Ministry of Justice regarding the number of complaints for excessive length of criminal proceedings in the years 2012-2016, its most common causes, and the observation of the development of its average duration over the years 2011-2018.	The analysis has contributed to draw theoretical and practical conclusions. Firstly, it should be noted, that despite for years there have been trying to increase the efficiency of the criminal prosecution, yet still occasionally, there are circumstances extending the duration of the proceedings. Among these, should be recorded the necessity of preparing expert opinions, in the situation when it comes to even a supposition, that one of the parties to the proceedings, is mentally disordered or with a mental disability. Frequently, such an opinion is preceded by observations and research, which explains the extended time of the procedure. Ultimately, that is justified, in terms of quality and possible consequences of confirmed mental illness, mental disability or any other mental disorder. Secondly, the time required for preparing expert opinions, in indicated above cases, makes possible complaints unreasonable. Thirdly, a recess in a trial may turn out to be insufficient to draw an expert opinion, which can lead to an adjournment and may end up with a need to conduct the whole procedure from the beginning. Unfortunately, that is not the only consequence, as when a recess is followed by an adjournment, the prepared during the recess expert’s opinion may not be used in the next proceedings (conducted from the beginning).	The author hopes that the above article would be an incentive to reconsider the subject matter through the prism of described issues.
Age Alone is not Adequate to Determine Healthcare Resource Allocation during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Montero-Odasso Manuel , Hogan David B. , Lam Robert , Madden Kenneth , MacKnight Christopher , Molnar Frank , Rockwood Kenneth 
Published: May 2020

Background
The Canadian Geriatrics Society (CGS) fosters the health and well-being of older Canadians and older adults worldwide. Although severe COVID-19 illness and significant mortality occur across the lifespan, the fatality rate increases with age, especially for people over 65 years of age. The dichotomization of COVID-19 patients by age has been proposed as a way to decide who will receive intensive care admission when critical care unit beds or ventilators are limited. We provide perspectives and evidence why alternatives approaches should be used
Methods
Practitioners and researchers in geriatric medicine and gerontology have led in the development of alternative approaches to using chronological age as the sole criterion for allocating medical resources. Evidence and ethical based recommendations are provided.
Results
Age alone should not drive decisions for health-care resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Decisions on health-care resource allocation should take into consideration the preferences of the patient and their goals of care, as well as patient factors like the Clinical Frailty Scale score based on their status two weeks before the onset of symptoms.
Conclusions
Age alone does not accurately capture the variability of functional capacities and physiological reserve seen in older adults. A threshold of 5 or greater on the Clinical Frailty Scale is recommended if this scale is utilized in helping to decide on access to limited health-care resources such as admission to a critical care unit and/or intubation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Hydrazone-Based Small-Molecule Chemosensors
Authors: Moreira Pereira Thiago , Eugen Kümmerle Arthur 
Published: May 2020

The hydrazone functional group is widely applied in several fields. The versatility and large use of this chemotype are attributed to its easy and straightforward synthesis and unique structural characteristics which is useful for different chemical and biological purposes. Recently hydrazone scaffold has been widely adopted in the design of small-molecule fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for detecting metals and anions because of its corresponding non-covalent interactions. This chapter provides an overview of hydrazone-based fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for anions and metals of biological interest, with their representative rational designs in the last 15 years. We hope this chapter inspires the development of novel and powerful fluorescent and colorimetric chemosensors for a broad range of applications.
E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury: A Review for Pathologists
Authors: Cecchini Matthew J. , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Arrossi Andrea V. , Beasley Mary B. , Butt Yasmeen M. , Jones Kirk D. , Pambuccian Stefan , Mehrad Mitra , Monaco Sara E. , Saqi Anjali , Smith Maxwell L. , Tazelaar Henry D. , Larsen Brandon T. 
Published: May 2020

Context.—
Vaping is the inhalation of heated aerosol from a small battery-powered device as a method to deliver nicotine or other substances. A recent outbreak of severe respiratory illness primarily in the United States has put a spotlight on vaping and its potential risks.

Objective.—
To familiarize pathologists with vaping, the cytologic and histopathologic features of vaping-associated acute lung injury, and the role of pathology in this diagnosis.

Data Sources.—
A targeted literature review was performed.

Conclusions.—
Most cases of vaping-associated lung injury have been linked to vaping products containing tetrahydrocannabinol or other cannabinoids. Lung biopsies show a spectrum of nonspecific acute lung injury patterns (organizing pneumonia, diffuse alveolar damage, acute fibrinous, and organizing pneumonia, or combinations of the above), accompanied by prominent, foamy macrophage accumulation. Injury is usually accentuated around small airways. Lipid-laden macrophages can be identified in bronchioloalveolar lavage fluid in most patients and these can be highlighted using lipid stains, such as oil red O, but the clinical utility of this finding remains unclear, as lipid-laden macrophages can be seen in a wide variety of processes and should not be relied upon to make the diagnosis. Classic histologic features of exogenous lipoid pneumonia have not been identified in tissue samples. Lightly pigmented macrophages, similar to those seen with traditional cigarette smoking, are present in some cases but are usually a minor feature. To date, no specific pathologic features for vaping-related injury have been identified, and it remains a diagnosis of exclusion that requires clinicopathologic correlation.
Consciousness Reconsidered
Authors: Flanagan Owen 
Published: May 2020

Consciousness is neither miraculous nor ultimately mysterious. In this broad, entertaining, and persuasive account Owen Flanagan argues that we are on the way to understanding consciousness and its place in the natural order. No aspect of consciousness escapes Flanagan's probe. Qualia, self-consciousness, autobiographical memory, perceptions, sensations, the stream of consciousness, disorders such as blindsight, various kinds of amnesia, and multiple personality all find a place in a constructive theory that brings into reflective equilibrium insights from a wide array of disciplines to reveal the deep, rich, and complex hidden structure of consciousness.
Flanagan roams freely through a variety of scientific and philosophical domains, showing how it is possible to understand human consciousness in a way that gives its subjective, phenomenal aspects their full due while at the same time taking into account the neural bases of subjectivity. The result is a powerful synthetic theory of consciousness, a "constructive naturalism," according to which subjective consciousness is real, plays an important causal role, and resides in the brain.
Flanagan draws the reader into a world of exciting current debates among such philosophers as Thomas Nagel, Daniel Dennett, Paul Churchland, Patricia Churchland, and Colin McGinn, and he makes this world accessible. He masterfully weaves the latest insights from theory and research in cognitive neuroscience, neural darwinism, connectionist brain architecture, and PET scanners to reveal clear links between events that "seem a certain way" and underlying neural activity. William James's famous phenomenological analysis of consciousness and neurologically impaired characters from the writings of Oliver Sacks and A.R. Luria join the narrative, providing valuable insights into important current controversies on the relation of consciousness to self.
Bradford Books imprint
Theory and Evidence
Authors: Koslowski Barbara 
Published: May 2020

In Theory and Evidence Barbara Koslowski brings into sharp focus the ways in which the standard literature both distorts and underestimates the reasoning abilities of ordinary people. She provides the basis for a new research program on a more complete characterization of scientific reasoning, problem solving, and causality. Long acknowledged for her empirical work in the field of cognitive development, Koslowski boldy criticizes many of the currently classic studies and musters a compelling set of arguments, backed by an exhaustive set of experiments carried out during the last decade.
Theory and Evidence describes research that looks at the beliefs that people hold about the type of evidence that counts in scientific reasoning and also examines how those beliefs change with age. The primary focus is on the strategies that underlie actual scientific practice: two general sorts of research are reported, one on hypothesis testing and the other on how people deal with evidence that disconfirms a given explanation—the process of hypothesis revision.
Koslowski argues that when scientific reasoning is operationally defined so that correct performance consists of focusing on covariation and ignoring considerations of theory or mechanisms, then subjects are often treated as engaging in flawed reasoning when in fact their reasoning is scientifically legitimate. Neither relying on covariation alone nor relying on theory alone constitutes a formula for success.
Bradford Books imprint
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a potential risk factor of non-specific ST-T segment changes: data from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xiao Li , Bai Tao , Zeng Junchao , Yang Rui , Yang Ling 
Published: May 2020

Background
Non-specific ST-T segment changes are prevalent and are proven risk factors for early onset of cardiovascular diseases. They can increase all-cause mortality by 100∼200% and are candidate for early signs of cardiovascular changes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent worldwide and is one facet of a multisystem disease that confers substantial increases morbidity and mortality of nonalcoholic fatty liver-related cardiovascular diseases. It is unclear whether NAFLD is associated with non-specific ST-T changes warning early signs of cardiovascular changes. Therefore, we investigated this association.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was designed that included a sample consisting of 32,922 participants who underwent health examinations. Participants with missing information, excessive alcohol intake, viral hepatitis, chronic liver disease or established cardiovascular diseases were excluded. Electrocardiograms were used for analysis of non-specific ST-T segment changes. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonographic detection of hepatic steatosis without other liver diseases. A multivariable logistic regression model was served to calculate the OR and 95% CI for non-specific ST-T segment changes.

Results
The prevalence of non-specific ST-T segment changes was 6.5% in participants with NAFLD, however, the prevalence of NAFLD was 42.9% in participants with non-specific ST-T segment changes. NAFLD was independently associated with non-specific ST-T segment changes (OR: 1.925, 95% CI: 1.727-2.143, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, heart rate, hypertension, body mass index, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, NAFLD remained an independent risk factor of non-specific ST-T segment changes (OR: 1.289, 95% CI: 1.122-1.480).

Conclusion
Non-specific ST-T segment changes were independently associated with the presence of NAFLD after adjusting for potential confounders.
Application of 16S rRNA gene sequencing in Helicobacter pylori detection
Authors: Szymczak Aleksander , Ferenc Stanisław , Majewska Joanna , Miernikiewicz Paulina , Gnus Jan , Witkiewicz Wojciech , Dąbrowska Krystyna 
Published: May 2020

Helicobacter pylori is one of the major stomach microbiome components, promoting development of inflammation and gastric cancer in humans. H. pylori has a unique ability to transform into a coccoidal form which is difficult to detect by many diagnostic methods, such as urease activity detection, and even histopathological examination. Here we present a comparison of three methods for H. pylori identification: histological assessment (with eosin, hematoxylin, and Giemsa staining), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of urease (ureA specific primers), and detection by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The study employed biopsies from the antral part of the stomach (N = 40). All samples were assessed histologically which revealed H. pylori in eight patients. Bacterial DNA isolated from the bioptates was used as a template for PCR reaction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing that revealed H. pylori in 13 and in 20 patients, respectively. Thus, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was the most sensitive method for detection of H. pylori in stomach biopsy samples.