bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An approach to constructing genuinely entangled subspaces of maximal dimension
Authors: Demianowicz Maciej , Augusiak Remigiusz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenuinely entangled subspaces (GESs) are the class of completely entangled subspaces that contain only genuinely multiparty entangled states. They constitute a particularly useful notion in the theory of entanglement but also have found an application, for instance, in quantum error correction and cryptography. In a recent study (Demianowicz and Augusiak in Phys Rev A 98:012313, 2018), we have shown how GESs can be efficiently constructed in any multiparty scenario from the so-called unextendible product bases. The provided subspaces, however, are not of maximal allowable dimensions, and our aim here is to put forward an approach to building such. The method is illustrated with few examples in small systems. Connections with other mathematical problems, such as spaces of matrices of equal rank and the numerical range, are discussed.
Lactate Production Precedes Inflammatory Cell Recruitment in Arthritic Ankles: an Imaging Study
Authors: Neveu Marie-Aline , Beziere Nicolas , Daniels Rolf , Bouzin Caroline , Comment Arnaud , Schwenck Johannes , Fuchs Kerstin , Kneilling Manfred , Pichler Bernd J. , Schmid Andreas M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Inflammation is involved in many disease processes. However, accurate imaging tools permitting diagnosis and characterization of inflammation are still missing. As inflamed tissues exhibit a high rate of glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism may offer a unique approach to follow the inflammatory response and disease progression. Therefore, the aim of the study was to follow metabolic changes and recruitment of inflammatory cells after onset of inflammation in arthritic ankles using hyperpolarized 1-13C-pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively.

Procedure
Experimental rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase-specific antibodies (GPI) containing serum. To monitor pyruvate metabolism, the transformation of hyperpolarized 1-13C-pyruvate into hyperpolarized 1-13C-lactate was followed using MRS. To track phagocytic immune cell homing, we intravenously injected a perfluorocarbon emulsion 48 h before imaging. The animals were scanned at days 1, 3, or 6 after GPI-serum injection to examine the different stages of arthritic inflammation. Finally, to confirm the pyruvate metabolic activity and the link to inflammatory cell recruitment, we conducted hematoxylin-eosin histopathology and monocarboxylase transporter (MCT-1) immune histochemistry (IHC) of inflamed ankles.

Results
Hyperpolarized 1-13C-pyruvate MRS revealed a high rate of lactate production immediately at day 1 after GPI-serum transfer, which remained elevated during the progression of the disease, while 19F-MRI exhibited a gradual recruitment of phagocytic immune cells in arthritic ankles, which correlated well with the course of ankle swelling. Histopathology and IHC revealed that MCT-1 was expressed in regions with inflammatory cell recruitment, confirming the metabolic shift identified in arthritic ankles.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated the presence of a very early metabolic shift in arthritic joints independent of phagocytic immune cell recruitment. Thus, hyperpolarized 1-13C-pyruvate represents a promising tracer to monitor acute arthritic joint inflammation, even with minor ankle swelling. Furthermore, translated to the clinics, these methods add a detailed characterization of disease status and could substantially support patient stratification and therapy monitoring.
Posttransplantationsdiabetes mellitus
Authors: Albersmeyer M. , Gehr B. , Liebl A. , Gerbig D. 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungNach Organtransplantation entwickeln etwa 10–40 % aller Patienten einen Posttransplantationsdiabetes mellitus (PTDM). Risikofaktoren sind Alter, Übergewicht, präexistenter Prädiabetes und Immunsuppression (Calcineurininhibitoren, Steroide). PTDM ist mit einer Steigerung der kardiovaskulären Mortalität assoziiert, mutmaßlich auch mit Transplantatversagen und daher in der Nachsorge von großer Bedeutung für Organerhalt und Langzeitüberleben. Als Goldstandard zur Diagnose gilt der orale Glukosetoleranztest (OGTT), unterstützend kommen Nüchternglukose, HbA1c- und Spontanblutzuckerwerte hinzu. Im Gegensatz zum Typ-2-Diabetes wird der PTDM in umgekehrter Reihenfolge behandelt: Direkt nach Transplantation wird vorzugsweise Insulin gegeben, im Verlauf kann oft deeskalierend auf eine orale Therapie (OAD) umgestellt werden. Hinsichtlich der Integration von OGTT, Diabeteseinstellung/‑schulung sowie Beratung zu gesunder Lebensführung in die Routine könnten stationäre Rehamaßnahmen in spezialisierten Zentren die Versorgungskette sinnvoll ergänzen.
CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation of Top-Submerged-Lance Gas Injection in Liquid Metal
Authors: Obiso D. , Akashi M. , Kriebitzsch S. , Meyer B. , Reuter M. , Eckert S. , Richter A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the present work, the dynamics of a downward gas injection into a liquid metal bath is studied using a numerical modeling approach, and validated with experimental data. As in a top-submerged-lance (TSL) smelter, gas is injected through the lance into the melt. By this means, the properties of the liquid are closer to the actual industrial process than the typically used water/glycerol–air/helium systems. The experimental activity was carried out in a quasi-2D vessel

$$(144\times 144\times 12\,{\hbox {mm}}^{3})$$

(
144
×
144
×
12

mm

3

)

filled with GaInSn, a metal alloy with eutectic at room temperature. Ar was used as the inert gas. The structure and behavior of the gas phase were visualized and quantitatively analyzed by X-ray radiography and high-speed imaging. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was applied to simulate the multiphase flow in the vessel and the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) model chosen to track the interface using a geometric reconstruction of the interface. Three different vertical lance positions were investigated, applying a gas flow rate of

$$Q_{\text {gas}}=6850\,{\hbox {cm}}^{3}/{\hbox {min}}.$$

Q
gas

=
6850

cm

3

/
min
.

The CFD model is able to predict the bubble detachment frequency, the average void fraction distributions, and the bubble size and hydrodynamic behavior, demonstrating its applicability to simulate such complex multiphase systems. The use of numerical models also provides a deep insight into fluid dynamics to study particular phenomena such as bubble break-up and free surface oscillations.
Family of mappings with an equicontractive-type condition
Authors: Wardowski Dariusz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn a real Banach space X and a complete metric space M, we consider a compact mapping C defined on a closed and bounded subset A of X with values in M and the operator $$T:A\times C(A) \rightarrow X$$

T
:
A
×
C
(
A
)
→
X

. Using a new type of equicontractive condition for a certain family of mappings and $$\beta $$
β
-condensing operators defined by the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness we prove that the operator $$x\mapsto T(x,C(x))$$

x
↦
T
(
x
,
C
(
x
)
)

has a fixed point. The obtained results are applied to the initial value problem.
Fuel theft in road freight transport: understanding magnitude and impacts of anti-theft devices
Authors: Urciuoli Luca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFuel is one of the most important cost items that road carriers include in their freight rates. It has been demonstrated that unexpected changes of fuel costs influence mobility, logistics performance and profit margins. Experts believe that criminal organizations are targeting the transport sector to steal, smuggle and contraband diesel fuel. Today, very little data exist across the scientific community, depicting this phenomenon. Hence, the goal of this study is to shed light on the problem of diesel theft in freight transport, with a focus on determining its magnitude, its geographical displacement, main modus operandi, and potential impact of protective measures. A survey is developed and used to collect data from members of the Swedish Association of Road Transport companies. Replies from 189 companies are collected (18.9% response rate) and analyzed. Overall, this study unveils that about 150,225 l of fuels have been stolen from Swedish road carriers. In addition, data reveals that only a minority of these companies are affected by the problem, opening the hypothesis that attacks are geographically concentrated in areas where transport/logistics operations are intense. Several devices are available today to avoid fuel theft. Among those, tank gauging and radar-based technologies are preferred by companies, in view of their deterring effects.
A note on universal operators between separable Banach spaces
Authors: Garbulińska-Wȩgrzyn Joanna , Kubiś Wiesław 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe compare two types of universal operators constructed relatively recently by Cabello Sánchez, and the authors. The first operator $${\Omega }$$
Ω
acts on the Gurariĭ space, while the second one $${\mathbf {P}}_{{{\mathbb {S}}}}$$

P
S

has values in a fixed separable Banach space $${{\mathbb {S}}}$$
S
. We show that if $${{\mathbb {S}}}$$
S
is the Gurariĭ space, then both operators are isometric. We also prove that, for a fixed space $${{\mathbb {S}}}$$
S
, the operator $${\mathbf {P}}_{{{\mathbb {S}}}}$$

P
S

is isometrically unique. Finally, we show that $${\Omega }$$
Ω
is generic in the sense of a natural infinite game.
Exploring current physicians’ failure to communicate clinical feedback back to transferring physicians after transitions of patient care responsibility: A&nbsp;mixed methods study
Authors: Bowen Judith L. , Chiovaro Joseph , O’Brien Bridget C. , Boscardin Christy Kim , Irby David M. , Ten Cate Olle 
Published: June 2020

Introduction After patient care transitions occur, communication from the current physician back to the transferring physician may be an important source of clinical feedback for learning from outcomes of previous reasoning processes. Factors associated with this communication are not well understood. This study clarifies how often, and for what reasons, current physicians do or do not communicate back to transferring physicians about transitioned patients.
Methods In 2018, 38 physicians at two academic teaching hospitals were interviewed about communication decisions regarding 618 transitioned patients. Researchers recorded quantitative and qualitative data in field notes, then coded communication rationales using directed content analysis. Descriptive statistics and mixed effects logistic regression analyses identified communication patterns and examined associations with communication for three conditions: When current physicians 1) changed transferring physicians’ clinical decisions, 2) perceived transferring physicians’ clinical uncertainty, and 3) perceived transferring physicians’ request for communication.
Results Communication occurred regarding 17% of transitioned patients. Transferring physicians initiated communication in 55% of these cases. Communication did not occur when current physicians 1) changed transferring physicians’ clinical decisions (119 patients), 2) perceived transferring physicians’ uncertainty (97 patients), and 3) perceived transferring physicians’ request for communication (12 patients). Rationales for no communication included case contextual, structural, interpersonal, and cultural factors. Perceived uncertainty and request for communication were positively associated with communication (p < 0.001) while a changed clinical decision was not.
Discussion Current physicians communicate infrequently with transferring physicians after assuming patient care responsibilities. Structural and interpersonal barriers to communication may be amenable to change.
Development and implementation of water safety plans for groundwater resources in the southernmost city of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Authors: Masroor Kazhal , Kermani Majid , Gholami Mitra , Fanaei Farzad , Arfaeinia Hossein , Nemati Sepideh , Tahmasbizadeh Masoumeh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe transfer of water from the source to the consumption point is always associated with the possibility of contamination in any of its various components. To resolve this problem, the World Health Organization has considered a water safety plan. The purpose of this study is to implement water safety plan in the water supply system of Bukan city. This study was performed on Bukan’s water supply system in 2019–20 using a software to guarantee the quality of the water safety plan and the WHO and IWA guidelines. The software checklists were prepared and after confirming the validity of the translation and its facial and content validity, it was completed based on the records of the Water and Sewerage Company and interviews with experts. Out of a total of 440 points of full-application of the program and 392 points for the reviewed phases, 183.6 points were acquired and 43.7% of WSP-coordinated implementation was observed. The highest percentage of WSP-coordinated implementation (75.2%) was assigned to the validation stage with the highest point, and the support program stage had the lowest percentage of performance (1.1%). Among the major components of the water supply system, the final consumption point received the most attention from the system. Given the lifespan of the introduction and use of WSP in the world, it was expected that better results would be obtained from evaluating the implementation and progress of this approach in Bukan’s water supply system. However, the implementation rate of this program in this city compared to other cities in Iran, showed that according to the implementation time (one year), the obtained results are relatively convincing and good and the water supply system has a moderate level of safety.
Effect of TiO2 particle and pore size on DSSC efficiency
Authors: González-Verjan V. A. , Trujillo-Navarrete B. , Félix-Navarro Rosa María , de León J. N. Díaz , Romo-Herrera J. M. , Calva-Yáñez J. C. , Hernández-Lizalde J. M. , Reynoso-Soto E. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, we report the preparation of TiO2 nanoparticles with a high surface area, from 120 to 168 m2 g−1 by the hydrothermal-microemulsion route and hydrothermal temperature effect over particle size, porosity, and photovoltaic parameter. The TiO2 samples were characterized by Raman, BET, TEM, SEM-FE, I–V curves, and EIS. The increase of hydrothermal temperature correlates with particle and pore size. Although when the synthesis temperature was 250 °C, the surface area presents an unexpected decrease of c.a. 28%. TiO2 samples were employed as thin-film photo-anodes for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) solar cells. Photovoltaic results showed that the sample prepared at 250 °C presented the more suitable textural properties for the DSSC application. The prepared TiO2 materials with a particle size of 6.93 ± 0.59 nm and anatase crystalline phase favor electron transport and diffusion of electrolyte species, which directly impact in solar cell efficiency.
Automatic optimization of outlier detection ensembles using a limited number of outlier examples
Authors: Reunanen Niko , Räty Tomi , Lintonen Timo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn data analysis, outliers are deviating and unexpected observations. Outlier detection is important, because outliers can contain critical and interesting information. We propose an approach for optimizing outlier detection ensembles using a limited number of outlier examples. In our work, a limited number of outlier examples are defined as from 1 to 10% of the available outliers. The optimized outlier detection ensembles consist of outlier detection algorithms, which provide an outlier score and utilize adjustable parameters. The automatic optimization determines the parameter values, which enhance the discrimination of inliers and outliers. This increases the efficiency of the outlier detection. Outliers are rare by definition, which makes the optimization with a few examples beneficial. Obtaining examples of outliers can be prohibitively challenging, and the outlier examples should be used efficiently.
How to Assess Rater Rankings? A Theoretical and a Simulation Approach Using the Sum of the Pairwise Absolute Row Differences (PARDs)
Authors: Bartok Larissa , Burzler Matthias A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough the evaluation of inter-rater agreement is often necessary in psychometric procedures (e.g., standard settings or assessment centers), the measures typically used are not unproblematic. Existing measures are known for penalizing raters in specific settings, and some of them are highly dependent on the marginals and should not be used in ranking settings. This article introduces a new approach using the probability of consistencies in a setting where n independent raters rank k items. The discrete theoretical probability distribution of the sum of the pairwise absolute row differences (PARDs) is used to evaluate inter-rater agreement of empirically retrieved rating results. This is done by calculating the sum of PARDs in an empirically obtained $$n\times k$$

n
×
k

matrix together with the theoretically expected distribution of the sum of PARDs assuming raters randomly ranking items. In this article, the theoretical considerations of the PARDs approach are presented and two first simulation studies are used to investigate the performance of the approach.
Parturition dates in wild Eurasian lynx: evidence of a second oestrus?
Authors: Mattisson Jenny , Odden John , Linnell John D. C. , Painer Johanna , Persson Jens , Andrén Henrik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding reproductive physiology of a species is important to assess their potential to respond to environmental variation and perturbation of their social system during the mating or pre-mating seasons. We report 175 parturition dates from wild Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Scandinavia. Most lynx birth dates were highly synchronised around a mean of 30th May (SD = 9 days) with 173 of the 175 births ranging from May 2nd to June 30th. We detected two very late births on July 29th and August 15th in the absence of any indication that the females had given birth and lost a litter earlier in the year. We propose that these represent evidence of a second oestrus which is highly unusual in lynx because of their unique reproductive physiology. The rarity of these late season births has implications for lynx demography and social organisation.
Forming of rail car axles in a CNC skew rolling mill
Authors: Pater Zbigniew , Tomczak Janusz , Lis Konrad , Bulzak Tomasz , Shu Xuedao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study relates to an innovative method for forming rail car axles by skew rolling in a CNC 3-roll mill. The rolling mill was constructed at the Lublin University of Technology. The use of this machine makes it possible to produce elongated axisymmetric parts that are up to 55 mm in diameter and up to 1000 mm in length. Experimental rolling tests are performed (in 1:5 scale) using this machine. Two types of axles are analysed: one manufactured in accordance with North American standards (AAR Class E) and one manufactured in compliance with European standards (BA302). Diameters of produced axles have a dimensional accuracy of ± 0.4 mm. Produced axles are free from internal cracks, and their surface defects (shallow helical grooves) can easily be removed by machining. The major shortcoming of the proposed method is the presence of chucking allowance. To eliminate this allowance, it is proposed that the forming process should be performed in two operations: rolling extrusion and skew rolling. Results of a numerical analysis were performed using the Simufact.Forming program confirms that rail car axles can be formed by the proposed method.
BPPV Viewer: A downloadable 3D BPPV model for study of otolith disease
Authors: Traboulsi Henri , Teixido Michael 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo develop a downloadable three‐dimensional (3D) study tool of the membranous labyrinth in order to facilitate the study of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).BackgroundThe diagnosis and treatment of BPPV depend on an understanding of the anatomy of the vestibular labyrinth and its position relative to the head. To date, many illustrations have been made to explain principles of diagnosis and treatment of BPPV, but few have been based on anatomical studies of the membranous labyrinth.MethodsA previously reported 3D model of a human labyrinth was transposed to a 3D development software to allow the creation of markers along the semicircular ducts and utricle. These markers represent otoliths at different positions during movement of the model within the 3D environment. User‐friendly tools were created to navigate the model, to allow clear documentation and communication of studied problems, and to study the model across relevant planes. The final model can be downloaded and is available for general useat https://bppvviewer.com/download/.ResultsThe model allows visualization of true membranous labyrinth anatomy in both ears simultaneously. The dependent portion of each semicircular duct, the planes of the cristae, and the position of the utricle can easily be visualized in any head position. Moveable markers can mark the expected progress of otolith debris with changes in head position and images can be captured to document simulations in various draw styles.ConclusionThis simple model could offer insights that lead to more accurate diagnosis and treatment of BPPV. It may also be useful as a tool to teach BPPV.
Self-reported anosmia and dysgeusia as key symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Lee Daniel J. , Lockwood Joel , Das Paul , Wang Ri , Grinspun Eitan , Lee John M. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo slow down the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is important to identify specific symptoms for effective screening. While anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/ageusia have been identified as highly prevalent symptoms, there are wide geographic variations, necessitating the regional evaluation of the prevalence of the symptoms.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the self-reported symptoms among adults (over 18 years old) who underwent COVID-19 tests at an ambulatory assessment centre. We identified 1,345 patients (102 positive and 1,243 negative) who visited the assessment centre between March 16 and April 15, 2020. We randomly sampled negative patients in a 1:3 ratio. The primary outcome was the prevalence of self-reported anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/ageusia. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between COVID-19 positivity and loss of smell and taste.ResultsFifty-six of 102 (50%) positive patients and 72 of 306 (23.5%) negative patients completed the survey. Anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/ageusia were more prevalent among COVID-19 positive patients (41.1% v. 4.2%, p < 0.001 for smell and 46.4% v. 5.6%, p < 0.001 for taste). Anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/ageusia were independently highly associated with COVID-19 positivity (adjusted odds ratios 14.4 and 11.4 for smell and taste, respectively).ConclusionIn this Canadian study, smell and taste loss may be key symptoms of COVID-19. This evidence can be helpful in the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly settings of limited testing capacity.