bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CX3CR1 modulates cognitive dysfunction induced by sleep deprivation
Authors: Xin Jia-wei , Cheng Xiao-juan , Xie Chang-fu , Zhang Qiu-yang , Ke Yi-lang , Huang Xuan-yu , Chen Xiao-chun , Pan Xiao-dong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Sleep disorder-associated cognitive impairments are often accompanied by impaired synaptic plasticity. In the pathological process of sleep deprivation, microglia, as an important innate immune cell in central nervous system, are involved and mediate the synaptic pruning, in which the CX3C-chemokine receptor 1 receptor (CX3CR1) plays an indispensable role. In this study, the potential role of CX3CR1 in modulating the cognition decline during sleep deprivation was evaluated in terms of microglial neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning. Methods Middle-aged wild type C57BL/6 mice (WT) (13 months) and age-matched CX3CR1 -/- mice were either subjected to sleep deprivation (SD) or allowed normal sleep (S) for 8 h to mimic the pathophysiological changes of middle-aged people after staying up all night in real life. The hippocampus-dependent cognition was assessed by fear conditioning test. Mice brains were extracted for neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning studies. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Results The CX3CR1 deficiency mice differed from WT mice in many measures. CX3CR1 deficiency prevented SD-induced cognitive impairments, in which the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein (p-CREB) were markedly increased in the hippocampus. Compared with the CX3CR1 -/- -S group, the CX3CR1 -/- -SD mice reported a markedly decreased microglial density in the dentate gyrus, notably-decreased levels of cellular oncogene fos (c-fos), and pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus, and a significant increase in the density of spines of the dentate gyrus area. Furthermore, the CX3CR1 -/- -SD group also showed a decreasing expression of microglial phagocytosis-related factors. Conclusion These findings suggest that CX3CR1 deficiency leads to different cerebral behaviors and responses to sleep deprivation. CX3CR1 deletion can alleviate the sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment. The inflammation-attenuating activity and the related modification of synaptic pruning are possible mechanism candidates, which indicate CX3CR1 as a candidate therapeutic target for the prevention of the sleep loss-induced cognitive impairments.
Insulin resistance may affect the functional recovery of acute ischemic stroke in non-diabetic patients
Authors: Chang Yoonkyung , Kim Chi Kyung , Kim Min-Kyung , Seo Woo‐Keun , Oh Kyungmi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Insulin resistance is associated with the occurrence of stroke and atherosclerotic disease. However, the relationship between insulin resistance and the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke in nondiabetic patients is unclear. We hypothesized that insulin resistance may affect short-term functional recovery after acute ischemic stroke in nondiabetic patients. Methods Between May 2014 and December 2016, 1377 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled from a prospectively maintained stroke registry. After excluding patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA), pre-stroke disabilities, diabetes mellitus, and patients with incomplete evaluations, 517 patients were included in the study. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score was used to evaluate the degree of insulin resistance. The factors associated with poor functional outcomes were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results The patients with the highest quartile of log HOMA-IR index scores were younger and had higher fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and HbA1c levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that log HOMA-IR scores were independently associated with poor prognosis after adjusting for age and sex and p < 0.1 in univariate analysis. Conclusion Insulin resistance measured by the HOMA-IR index was associated with the poor functional outcome of non-diabetic stroke patients. This evidence supports treating insulin resistance in acute ischemic stroke patients with blood glucose levels within the normal range.
High prevalence of diabetes mellitus in hospitalized cardiorenal-syndrome patients with and without hyponatremia.
Authors: Pliquett Rainer U. , Schlump Katrin , Wienke Andreas , Bartling Babett , Noutsias Michel , Tamm Alexander , Girndt Matthias 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) defined as concurrent acute or chronic heart failure and acute or chronic kidney injury or disease frequently coincides with hyponatremia. We sought to identify potential risk factors for and outcome of hyponatremia in CRS. Methods In this retrospective study, CRS patients being consecutively hospitalized over 4 years (Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany) were included. Depending on the presence or absence of hyponatremia on admission, they were analyzed for diabetes comorbidity, signs of hypovolemia on admission, need for renal replacement therapy during and after the hospital stay, in-hospital and one-year mortality. Results 262 CRS patients were included in this study, thereof, 90 CRS patients (34.4%) with hyponatremia (Na <135 mmol/L). The diabetes prevalence among CRS patients was high (>65%) and not related to the serum sodium concentration on admission. In comparison to non-hyponatremic CRS patients, the hyponatremic ones had a lower serum osmolality (293 versus 303 mosm/kg, p<0.001), and hypovolemia was more prevalent (41.1% versus 16.3%, p<0.001). As possible causes of hypovolemia, diarrhea, a higher number of diuretic drug classes and higher diuretic dosages were found. Hyponatremic and non-hyponatremic CRS patients had a comparable need for renal-replacement therapy (36.7% versus 31.4%) during the hospital stay. However, after discharge, relatively more hyponatremic CRS patients on renal replacement therapy switched to a non-dialysis, medical therapy regimen (50.0% versus 22.2%). Hyponatremic CRS patients showed a trend for a higher in-hospital mortality (15.6% versus 7.6%, p=0.054), but no difference in the one-year mortality (43.3% versus 40.1%, p=0.692). Conclusions All CRS patients showed a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and a high one-year mortality. In comparison to non-hyponatremic CRS patients, hyponatremic ones were more likely to have hypovolemia, and had a higher likelihood to initiate a temporary, rather than chronic new renal replacement therapy.
Size-dependent Photovoltaic Properties of Solar Cells Containing Si Quantum Dots/SiC Multilayers
Authors: Cao Yunqing , Wu Dong , Zhu Ping , Ge Zhaoyun , Li Wei , Xu Jun , Chen Kunji 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recently, many kinds of Si nanostructures have been extensively investigated, in which, Si quantum dot (Si QD) is one of the potential candidates for all-Si tandem solar cells. Because the optical bandgap of Si QDs can be tunable via size controlling, it can match the solar spectrum in a wide range and consequently improve the spectral response. In this work, Si QDs/SiC multilayers with controllable dot sizes were fabricated and characterized. The Raman spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation revealed the formation of size-controllable Si QDs. The absorption measurement showed that the bandgap of Si QDs was red shifted to the long wavelength range with the dot size increasing, which agrees well with the quantum confinement effect. Moreover, heterojunction solar cells containing different sized-Si QDs/SiC multilayers were proposed and investigated. The solar cells exhibited strong size-dependent photovoltaic properties and the best cell had the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.27%. Furthermore, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurement demonstrated the Si QDs contribution of light absorption and response in ultraviolet-visible range, which provides a promising way to realize better spectral match by applying different sized-Si QDs in the future photovoltaic devices.
Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and their caregiver’s experiences of home-based rehabilitation (REACH-HFpEF): mixed methods process evaluation of the REACH-HFpEF single centre pilot randomised controlled trial.
Authors: Smith Karen , Lang Chim , Wingham Jenny , Frost Julia , Greaves Colin , Abraham Charles , Warren Fiona , Coyle Joanne , Jolly Kate , Miles Jackie , Paul Kevin , Doherty Patrick , Davis Russell , Dalal Hasnain , Taylor Rod S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Whilst heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects almost 50 percent of the HF population, evidence-based treatment options remain limited. However, there is emerging evidence of the potential value of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. This study reports the process evaluation conducted as part of the REACH-HFpEF trial. Methods: Mixed methods process evaluation parallel to a single centre (Tayside, Scotland) pilot randomised controlled trial with quantitative assessment of intervention fidelity and a qualitative exploration of HFpEF patients’ and caregivers’ experiences. The Rehabilitation EnAblement in Chronic Heart Failure (REACH-HF) intervention consisted of self-help manual for patients and caregivers, facilitated over 12 weeks by trained healthcare professionals. Data included audio-recorded intervention sessions; demographic information; intervention fidelity scores; and qualitative interviews conducted following completion of intervention in a purposeful sample of 15 HFpEF patients and 7 caregivers, Results: Intervention fidelity analysis was indicative of the adequate delivery of the majority of the REACH-HF components, with three items relating caregiver involvement (addressing emotional consequences of being a caregiver, caregiver health and well-being, and closure of the session) scoring poorly. Qualitative interviews identified three key themes for patients and caregivers: (1) understanding their condition, (2) emotional consequences of HF, and (3) patients’ and caregivers’ responses to the REACH-HF intervention were uncovered by qualitative interviews. Conclusions: The REACH-HF home-based facilitated intervention for HFpEF appears feasible and well accepted model for delivery of a CR intervention, with the potential to address key unmet needs of patients and their caregivers who are often excluded from service provision and current CR programmes. Results inform a future full multicentre randomised clinical trial.
Cellular senescence mediates the detrimental effect of prenatal dexamethasone exposure on postnatal long bone growth in mice offspring
Authors: Su Jianwen , Chai Yu , Ji Zhiguo , Xie Yongheng , Yu Bin , Zhang Xianrong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) induces low birth weight and retardation of fetal bone development which are associated with lower peak bone mass in adult offspring. Here we evaluated whether and how PDE affects postnatal long bone growth in mice offspring.Methods: Pregnant mice were injected subcutaneously with dexamethasone (1.2 mg kg ̶ 1day ̶ 1) every morning from gestational day (GD) 12-14. Femurs and tibias of 2-, 4-, 6, 12-week-old female offspring were harvested for histological, immunofluoresence, flow cytometric analysis, or microcomputed tomography (μCT) measurement. Results: PDE results in impaired bone remodeling as well as decreased bone mass in the long bone of mice offspring. During postnatal bone growth, significant decrease of CD45-CD29+CD105+Sca-1+ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and CD45-Nestin+ cells, loss of type H vessels as well as increment of cellular senescence were found in metaphysis of long bone in mice offspring after PDE. We further show that eliminating the excessive senescent cells with dasatinib (5 mg kg ̶ 1day ̶ 1) and quercetin (50 mg kg ̶ 1day ̶ 1) during GD 12-14 rescued the above toxic effect of PDE on the postnatal long bone growth in mice offspring.Conclusion: Cellular senescence mediates the toxic effect of PDE on postnatal long bone growth in mice offspring, and inhibition of cellular senescence may be proposed for treating retardation of bone growth caused by PDE.
Joint multi-domain feature learning for image steganalysis based on CNN
Authors: Wang Ze , Chen Mingzhi , Yang Yu , Lei Min , Dong Zhexuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recently steganalysis methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) have achieved great improvement. However, detection against adaptive steganographic algorithms with low embedding rates has still been a challenging task. To deal with this problem, we propose a CNN steganalysis model employing the joint domain detection mechanism and nonlinear detection mechanism. For the joint domain detection mechanism, we use not only the high-pass ﬁlters from the SRM for spatial residuals, but also the patterns from the DCTR for frequency steganographic impacts. For the nonlinear detection mechanism, we enlarge steganographic eﬀects by nonlinearly transforming the extracted steganographic residual information. In addition, we innovatively put forward a model learning method based on the high learning ability of a model. That is, we use lower embedding rate image datasets to train a model and higher embedding rate image datasets to test the model, which eﬀectively improves sensitivity to steganographic traces. Compared with the existing steganalysis models such as SRM+EC, Ye-Net, Xu-Net, Yedroudj-Net and Zhu-Net, the detection accuracy of our model is about 4%∼6% higher than that of the best Zhu-Net model.
Relationship between Childhood Physical Abuse and Clinical Severity of Treatment-Resistant Depression in a Geriatric Population
Authors: Yrondi Antoine , Arbus Christophe , Bennabi Djamila , D'Amato Thierry , Bellivier Frank , Bougerol Thierry , Camus Vincent , Courtet Philippe , Doumy Olivier , Genty Jean Baptiste , Holtzmann Jérôme , Horn Mathilde , Lancon Christophe , Leboyer Marion , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Maruani Julia , Moirand Rémi , Molière Fanny , Petrucci Jean , Richieri Raphaelle , Samalin Ludovic , Stephan Florian , Vaiva Guillaume , Walter Michel , Haffen Emmanuel , Aouizerate Bruno , El-Hage Wissam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: We assessed the correlation between childhood maltreatment (CM) and severity of depression in an elderly unipolar Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) sample. Methods: Patients were enrolled from a longitudinal cohort (FACE-DR) of the French Network of Expert TRD Centres. Results: Our sample included 96 patients (33% of the overall cohort) aged 60 years or above, with a mean age of 67.2 (SD = 5.7). Most of the patients were female (62.5%). The Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Quick Inventory Depression Scale-Self Report (QIDS-SR) mean scores were high, 28.2 (SD = 7.49) [MADRS score range: 0-60; moderate severity≥20, high severity≥35] and 16.5 (SD=4.94) [IDS-SR score range: 0-27; moderate severity≥11, high severity≥16], respectively. Mean self-esteem scores were 22.47 (SD=6.26) [range 0-30]. In an age and sex-adjusted model, we found a positive correlation between childhood trauma (CTQ scores) and depressive symptom severity [MADRS (β=0.274; p=0.07) and QIDS-SR (β=0.302; p=0.005) scores]. We detected a statistically significant correlation between physical abuse and depressive symptom severity [MADRS (β=0.304; p=0.03) and QIDS-SR (β=0.362; p=0.005) scores]. We did not observe any significant correlation between other types of trauma and depressive symptom severity. We showed that self-esteem (Rosenberg scale) mediated the effect of physical abuse (PA) on the intensity of depressive symptoms [MADRS: b=0.318, 95% BCa C.I. [0.07, 0.62]; QIDS-SR: b=0.177, 95% BCa C.I. [0.04, 0.37]]. Preacher & Kelly’s Kappa Squared values of 19.1% (k2=0.191) and 16% (k2=0.16), respectively, indicate a moderate effect. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted in a geriatric TRD population documenting an association between childhood trauma (mainly relating to PA) and the intensity of depressive symptoms.
Association between social capital and mental health among older people living with HIV: The Sichuan Older HIV-Infected Cohort Study (SOHICS)
Authors: Han Jiayu , Jia Peng , Huang Yuling , Gao Bo , Yu Bin , Yang Shifan , Yu Jun , Xiong Jun , Liu Chang , Xie Tian , Dong Peijie , Yang Chao , Wang Zixin , Yang Shujuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Mental health problems are common among older people living with HIV and associated with poorer health outcomes. Social capital is an important determinant of mental health problems but under-studied in this population. This study investigated the association between social capital and mental health problems among older people living with HIV in China. Methods: The study was based on the baseline data of a cohort study investigating mental health among older people living with HIV in Sichuan, China during November 2018 to February 2019. Participants were people living with HIV aged ≥50 years living in Sichuan province. Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to recruit participants from 30 communities/towns; 529 out of 556 participants being approached completed the face-to-face interview. Social capital was measured by two validated health-related social capital scales: the Individual and Family scale and the Community and Society scale. Presence of probable depression (CES-D-10 score ≥10) and probable anxiety (GAD-7 score ≥5) were used as dependent variables. Two-level logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between social capital and probable depression/anxiety. Results: The prevalence of probable depression and probable anxiety was 25.9% (137/529) and 36.3% (192/529) , respectively. After adjusting for significant covariates, the individual/family level of social capital was inversely associated with both probable depression (Adjusted odds ratios (AOR): 0.89, 95%CI: 0.84-0.93, p <0.001) and probable anxiety (AOR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.86-0.95, p <0.001). The community/society level social capital was associated with probable depression (AOR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84-0.99, p <0.001) but not probable anxiety ( p >0.05). Conclusions: Interventions building up social capital should be considered to improve mental health of older PLWH. Some useful strategies include cognitive processing therapy, improving community networking and engagement, and promoting social bonding with neighborhood.
Multichannel ECG Recording from Waist using Textile Sensors
Authors: Meghrazi Milad Alizadeh , Tian Yupeng , Mahnam Amin , Bhattachan Presish , Eskandarian Ladan , Kakhki Sara Taghizadeh , Popovic Milos , Lankarany Milad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The development of wearable health monitoring systems is garnering substantial interest in research and technology due to their unique capabilities in continuous, real-time, and non-invasive tracking of the physiological states of the human body. Wearable devices provide insights into the performance and health of individuals. Despite recent advances in biosensors, most of the currently available wearable devices rely solely on a single sensor attached to the body, limiting the ability to obtain reliable bio-information. However, in engineering systems, sensor fusion, which is the optimal integration and processing of data from multiple sensors, has been a common theme. In recent years due to an increase in the availability and variety of different types of sensors, the possibility of achieving sensor fusion in wearable systems has become more attainable. Sensor fusion in multi-sensing systems results in a significant enhancement of information inference compared to that from systems with a sole sensor. One step towards the development of sensor fusion for wearable health monitoring systems is the accessibility to multiple reliable electrophysiological signals, which can be recorded continuously.Results: In this paper, we develop a textile-based multi-channel ECG band that has the ability to measure from multiple locations on the waist. As a proof of concept, we show that ECG signals can be reliably obtained from different locations on the waist where the shape of the QRS complex is comparable with that recorded from the chest using traditional gel electrodes. As well, we develop a probabilistic approach to detect R-Peaks from noisy textile data in different sitting, standing, and jogging statuses. We show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is significantly better than that based on Pan-Tompkins and optimal-threshold methods. Conclusion: This band can be easily integrated into garments such as underwear, bras or pants. We predict that the textile-based multi-channel ECG band can be considered as an effective wearable system which enables the development of sensor fusion methodology for pervasive and non-invasive health monitoring through continuous tracking of heart rate variability (HRV) from the waist.
Performance and impact of a multiplex PCR in ICU patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia or ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Peiffer-Smadja Nathan , BOUADMA Lila , MATHY Vincent , ALLOUCHE Kahina , PATRIER Juliette , REBOUL Martin , MONTRAVERS Philippe , TIMSIT Jean-François , ARMAND-LEFEVRE Laurence 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Early appropriate antibiotic therapy reduces morbidity and mortality of severe pneumonia. However, the emergence of bacterial resistance requires the earliest use of antibiotics with the narrowest possible spectrum. The Unyvero Hospitalized Pneumonia (HPN, Curetis) test is a multiplex PCR (M-PCR) system detecting 21 bacteria and 19 resistance genes on respiratory samples within 5 hours. We assessed the performance and the potential impact of the M-PCR on the antibiotic therapy of ICU patients. Methods: In this prospective study we performed a M-PCR on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or plugged telescoping catheters (PTC) samples of patients with ventilated HAP or VAP with Gram-negative bacilli or clustered Gram-positive cocci. This study was conducted in 3 ICUs in a French academic hospital; the medical and infectious diseases ICU, the surgical ICU and the cardio-surgical ICU. A multidisciplinary expert panel simulated the antibiotics changes they would have made if the M-PCR results had been available. Results We analyzed 95 clinical samples of ventilated HAP or VAP (72 BAL and 23 PTC) from 85 patients (62 males, median age 64 years). The median turnaround time of the M-PCR was 4.6 hours (IQR 4.4-5). A total of 90/112 bacteria were detected by the M-PCR system with a global sensitivity of 80% (95%CI, 73-88%) and specificity of 99% (95%CI 99-100). The sensitivity was better for Gram-negative bacteria (90%) than for Gram-positive cocci (62%) (p=0.005). Moreover, 5/8 extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (CTX-M gene) and 4/4 carbapenemases genes (3 NDM, one oxa-48) were detected. The M-PCR could have led to the earlier initiation of an effective antibiotic in 20/95 patients (21%) and to early de-escalation in 37 patients (39%) but could also have led to one (1%) inadequate antimicrobial therapy. Among 17 empiric antibiotic treatments with carbapenems, 10 could have been de-escalated in the following hours according to the M-PCR results. The M-PCR also led to 2 unexpected diagnosis of severe legionellosis confirmed by culture methods. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the use of a M-PCR system for respiratory samples of patients with VAP and ventilated HAP could improve empirical antimicrobial therapy and reduce the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.