bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative rate of change in cognitive score network dynamics via Bayesian hierarchical models reveal spatial patterns of neurodegeneration
Authors: Cespedes Marcela I. , McGree James M. , Drovandi Christopher C. , Mengersen Kerrie , Fripp Jurgen , Doecke James D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe degeneration of the human brain is a complex process, which often affects certain brain regions due to healthy aging or disease. This degeneration can be evaluated on regions of interest (ROI) in the brain through probabilistic networks and morphological estimates. Current approaches for finding such networks are limited to analyses at discrete neuropsychological stages, which cannot appropriately account for connectivity dynamics over the onset of cognitive deterioration, and morphological changes are seldom unified with connectivity networks, despite known dependencies. To overcome these limitations, a probabilistic wombling model is proposed to simultaneously estimate ROI cortical thickness and covariance networks contingent on rates of change in cognitive decline. This proposed model was applied to analyze longitudinal data from healthy control (HC) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) groups and found connection differences pertaining to regions, which play a crucial role in lasting cognitive impairment, such as the entorhinal area and temporal regions. Moreover, HC cortical thickness estimates were significantly higher than those in the AD group across all ROIs. The analyses presented in this work will help practitioners jointly analyze brain tissue atrophy at the ROI‐level conditional on neuropsychological networks, which could potentially allow for more targeted therapeutic interventions.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Potency of Butyl‐Pyridone Based Azo Dyes
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Keshavayya J. , Matada Mallikarjuna N. , Srinivasa Sudhanva M. , Rangappa S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of heterocyclic disperse azo dyes having pyridone architecture was prepared by a simple, economical and highly efficient diazo‐coupling method. In this method, butyl pyridone was used as a common coupling component by changing the five heterocyclic amine moieties. The structural investigations of the analogous compounds were accomplished by various spectroscopic techniques. Further, all the azo dyes were examined for their potency towards antibacterial, antituberculosis and anticancer activities. The results revealed that all the dye molecules exhibited excellent tuberculosis activity and also very promising anticancer activity. In the case of the antibacterial assay, only a few azo dyes displayed good inhibition effect towards the tested bacterial strains.
Facile Synthesis of Cu Quantum Dots‐TiO2 Nanosheets Schottky Junction and Improved Photocatalytic Degradation Activity
Authors: Zhai Siyu , Yang Xiaoman , Tang Maoyuan , Gu Wenhao , Teng F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCu quantum dots (CuQDs), which are about 2–4‐nm large, are successfully loaded on the surface of TiO2 nanosheet by a mild and simple method. Under UV light irradiation (λ≤400 nm), CuQDs (10 wt %)‐TiO2 shows a photocatalytic activity 1.9 times higher than TiO2 for the degradation of RhB, although with a lower surface area than TiO2. The trapping experiment shows that the main oxidation species is .O2−, which due to the obvious electron migration from TiO2 to CuQDs. The CuQDs loading efficiently improves the photocatalytic activity of CuQDs‐TiO2, which is mainly ascribed to the enhanced charge transfer and separation efficiency by the formation of Schottky junction between CuQDs and TiO2.
An Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Based on Oxygen‐Deficient Perovskite Sr2Fe2O6−δ
Authors: Hona Ram K. , Thapa Arjun K. , Ramezanipour Farshid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe application of oxygen‐deficient perovskites as anode for lithium‐ion batteries has been explored through case study of Sr2Fe2O6−δ. The structure of this material was studied through Rietveld refinements with X‐ray diffraction data, while X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and iodometric titration were utilized to determine the oxidation state of the transition metal and the degree of oxygen‐deficiency. As anode, Sr2Fe2O6−δ delivers discharge capacity of 393 mAh g−1 at a current of 25 mA g−1 after 50 cycles. This capacity is higher than the theoretical capacity of graphite anode, 372 mAh g−1. It is also higher than that of the calcium‐analogue reported before. At different current densities from 25–500 mA g−1, the charge‐discharge cycles remain highly reversible, indicating the great potential of Sr2Fe2O6−δ for application as anode for lithium‐ion batteries. The mechanism of lithium intercalation and de‐intercalation has been discussed.
An Overview of Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Substituted Thiazoles
Authors: Narasimhamurthy Kereyagalahally H. , Sajith Ayyiliath M. , Joy Muthipeedika N. , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThiazole frame work represents a vital pharmacophore in several areas of chemistry. Consequently, several synthetic protocols to construct and functionalize this core, in an attempt to generate diverse thiazole containing architectures have been developed by various researchers across the globe. These wide range of methodologies developed will allow the access to fully decorated thiazole containing new chemical entities that can find various application in the field of medicinal chemistry, agrochemicals and material science. This review will provide an insight in to the various synthons used in construction and diversification of this core.Diversely functionalized thiazole analogs are considered as a vital azole framework present in many natural products. This prominent heterocycle also constitutes an important pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry, in agrochemicals and in molecules for material science applications. All these above‐mentioned features of thiazole necessitates the continuous development of efficient methods to access this heterocycle. Accordingly, various researchers across the globe have come up with efficient synthetic protocols in an attempt functionalize different positions of this important scaffold. This review aims at highlighting some of the latest synthetic approaches to di/tri‐substituted thiazole analogs which are known to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities.
Transparent Flexible Heteroepitaxy of NiO Coated AZO Nanorods Arrays on Muscovites for Enhanced Energy Storage Application
Authors: Le Van‐Qui , Le Phuoc‐Anh , Wu Shu‐Chi , Lai Yu‐Hong , Lin Yan‐Gu , Wei Kung‐Hwa , Chu Ying‐Hao , Chueh Yu‐Lun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTransparent flexible energy storage devices are considered as important chains in the next‐generation, which are able to store and supply energy for electronic devices. Here, aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanorods (NRs) and nickel oxide (NiO)‐coated AZO NRs on muscovites are fabricated by a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering deposition method. Interestingly, AZO NRs and AZO/NiO NRs are excellent electrodes for energy storage application with high optical transparency, high conductivity, large surface area, stability under compressive and tensile strain down to a bending radius of 5 mm with 1000 bending cycles. The obtained symmetric solid‐state supercapacitors based on these electrodes exhibit good performance with a large areal specific capacitance of 3.4 mF cm−2, long cycle life 1000 times, robust mechanical properties, and high chemical stability. Furthermore, an AZO/NiO//Zn battery based on these electrodes is demonstrated, yielding a discharge capacity of 195 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 8 A g−1 and a discharge capacity of over 1000 cycles with coulombic efficiency to 92%. These results deliver a concept of opening a new opportunity for future applications in transparent flexible energy storage.
Sensitive and Stable Tin–Lead Hybrid Perovskite Photodetectors Enabled by Double‐Sided Surface Passivation for Infrared Upconversion Detection
Authors: Zhao Yan , Li Chenglong , Jiang Jizhong , Wang Boming , Shen Liang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTin(Sn)‐based perovskite is currently considered one of the most promising materials due to extending the absorption spectrum and reducing the use of lead (Pb). However, Sn2+ is easily oxidized to Sn4+ in atmosphere, causing more defects and degradation of perovskite materials. Herein, double‐sided interface engineering is proposed, that is, Sn‐Pb perovskite films are sandwiched between the phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) in both the bottom and top sides. The larger organic cations of PEA+ are arranged into a perovskite surface lattice to form a 2D capping layer, which can effectively prevent the water and oxygen to destroy bulk perovskite. Meanwhile, the PEA+ can also passivate defects of iodide anions at the bottom of perovskite films, which is always present but rarely considered previously. Compared to one sided passivation, Sn‐Pb hybrid perovskite photodetectors contribute a significant enhancement of performance and stability, yielding a broadband response of 300–1050 nm, a low dark current density of 1.25 × 10–3 mA cm–2 at –0.1 V, fast response speed of 35 ns, and stability beyond 240 h. Furthermore, the Sn‐Pb broadband photodetectors are integrated in an infrared up‐conversion system, converting near‐infrared light into visible light. It is believed that a double‐sided passivation method can provide new strategies to achieving high‐performance perovskite photodetectors.
Metalation of Catechol‐Functionalized Defective Covalent Organic Frameworks for Lewis Acid Catalysis
Authors: Shi Yanan , Zhang Xiaofei , Liu Haitao , Han Jianyu , Yang Zhongjie , Gu Lin , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a fascinating crystalline porous material and are widely used in the field of catalysis. However, developing simple approaches to fabricate conjugated COFs with specific functional groups remains a significant challenge. In this study, the construction of defective COF‐LZU1 with Lewis acid sites embedded into the frameworks is fulfilled by a facile solvent‐assisted ligand exchange method. A monodentate ligand, protocatechualdehyde, is successfully introduced into the skeleton of COF‐LZU1, which endows the defects in the structure of COF‐LZU1 via replacement of the original coordinated benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbaldehyde ligand. As‐synthesized defective COF‐LZU1 decorated with protocatechualdehyde is rich of free hydroxy groups for chelating with active metal ions. Specifically, after combining with Fe3+, the defective COF‐LZU1 shows excellent activity in catalytic alcoholysis of epoxides under mild conditions. The method reported here will open up the opportunity to incorporate different functional groups into COFs and enrich the strategies for creating new types of porous catalysts.
Professional knowledge affectsaction‐relatedskills: The development ofpreservicephysics teachers' explaining skills during a field experience
Authors: Kulgemeyer Christoph , Borowski Andreas , Buschhüter David , Enkrott Patrick , Kempin Maren , Reinhold Peter , Riese Josef , Schecker Horst , Schröder Jan , Vogelsang Christoph 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProfessional knowledge is an important source of science teachers' actions in the classroom (e.g., personal professional content knowledge [pedagogical content knowledge, PCK] is the source of enacted PCK in the refined consensus model [RCM] for PCK). However, the evidence for this claim is ambiguous at best. This study applied a cross‐lagged panel design to examine the relationship between professional knowledge and actions in one particular instructional situation: explaining physics. Pre‐ and post a field experience (one semester), 47 preservice physics teachers from four different universities were tested for their content knowledge (CK), PCK, pedagogical knowledge (PK), and action‐related skills in explaining physics. The study showed that joint professional knowledge (the weighted sum of CK, PCK, and PK scores) at the beginning of the field experience impacted the development of explaining skills during the field experience (β= .38**). We interpret this as a particular relationship between professional knowledge and science teachers' action‐related skills (enacted PCK): professional knowledge is necessary for the development of explaining skills. That is evidence that personal PCK affects enacted PCK. In addition, field experiences are often supposed to bridge the theory‐practice gap by transforming professional knowledge into instructional practice. Our results suggest that for field experiences to be effective, preservice teachers should start with profound professional knowledge.
Status of IGS Reprocessing Activities at GFZ
Authors: Männel Benjamin , Brandt Andre , Bradke Markus , Sakic Pierre , Brack Andreas , Nischan Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBased on a large network of continuously operated GNSS tracking stations the International GNSS Service (IGS) has a valuable contribution for the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS). In order to contribute to its next realization, the IGS is preparing for a new reprocessing of the GNSS data from 1994 to 2020 including GPS, GLONASS, and – for the first time – Galileo. A first test campaign including single- and multi-system solutions for 2017 and 2018 was performed to derive consistent transmitter phase center corrections for all systems. Preliminary results of the test solutions derived at GFZ show well determined orbits with overlaps of 28 mm for GPS, 67 mm for GLONASS, and 40 mm for Galileo and an overall RMS of satellite laser ranging residuals for Galileo of 58 mm. Using multi-GNSS antenna calibrations (including also E5a and E5b calibrations) horizontal coordinate differences are almost zero between a GPS+GLONASS and a Galileo-only solutions. Due to the mixture of estimated (GPS, GLONASS) and measured (Galileo) transmitter phase center offsets a scale difference of 1.16 ± 0.27 ppb is found between both solutions which agrees nicely to results derived by other analysis centers.
Functional circuits and signal processing in the enteric nervous system
Authors: Fung Candice , Vanden Berghe Pieter 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an extensive network comprising millions of neurons and glial cells contained within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. The major functions of the ENS that have been most studied include the regulation of local gut motility, secretion, and blood flow. Other areas that have been gaining increased attention include its interaction with the immune system, with the gut microbiota and its involvement in the gut–brain axis, and neuro-epithelial interactions. Thus, the enteric circuitry plays a central role in intestinal homeostasis, and this becomes particularly evident when there are faults in its wiring such as in neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we first focus on the current knowledge on the cellular composition of enteric circuits. We then further discuss how enteric circuits detect and process external information, how these signals may be modulated by physiological and pathophysiological factors, and finally, how outputs are generated for integrated gut function.
Einschätzung der Qualität digitaler Gesundheitsangebote: Wie können informierte Entscheidungen gefördert werden?
Authors: Rebitschek Felix G. , Gigerenzer Gerd 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungEine wichtige Voraussetzung für das Gelingen der Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens ist die digitale Risikokompetenz der Nutzer, also ihre Fähigkeit, Nutzen und Schaden von digitalen Technologien und Informationen zu beurteilen, digitale Angebote kritisch zu nutzen und sich auch mit statistischer Evidenz auseinanderzusetzen. Wie finden Menschen qualitätsgesicherte Gesundheitsinformationen und wie können sie die Qualität von algorithmischen Entscheidungssystemen besser beurteilen? In diesem narrativen Beitrag sollen zwei Ansätze aufgezeigt werden, wie die Fähigkeit zum informierten Entscheiden gefördert werden kann.Evidenzbasierte und verlässliche Gesundheitsinformationen existieren im Internet, müssen aber von einer Vielzahl unzuverlässiger Informationen unterschieden werden. Verschiedene Institutionen im deutschen Sprachraum haben deshalb Anleitungen bereitgestellt, um Laien eine informierte Entscheidung zu erleichtern. Beispielsweise hat das Harding-Zentrum für Risikokompetenz in Potsdam für diese Zwecke einen Entscheidungsbaum („fast-and-frugal tree“) entwickelt. Im Umgang mit Algorithmen können natürliche Häufigkeitsbäume (NFTs) helfen, die Güte und Fairness eines algorithmischen Entscheidungssystems zu beurteilen.Neben zuverlässigen und verständlichen digitalen Angeboten sollten weitere Werkzeuge für Laien zur Beurteilung von Informationen und Algorithmen entwickelt und bereitgestellt werden. Diese können auch in Schulungsprogramme zur digitalen Kompetenzförderung aufgenommen werden. Damit wäre ein wichtiger Schritt zum Gelingen der Digitalisierung in der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung getan.
Opposite regulation of piRNAs, rRNAs and miRNAs in the blood after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Morga Rafal , Borczyk Malgorzata , Korostynski Michal , Piechota Marcin , Hoinkis Dzesika , Golda Slawomir , Dziedzic Tomasz , Slowik Agnieszka , Moskala Marek , Pera Joanna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMultiple classes of small RNAs (sRNAs) are expressed in the blood and are involved in the regulation of pivotal cellular processes. We aimed to elucidate the expression patterns and functional roles of sRNAs in the systemic response to intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. We used next-generation sequencing to analyze the expression of sRNAs in patients in the acute phase of IA rupture (first 72 h), in the chronic phase (3–15 months), and controls. The patterns of alterations in sRNA expression were analyzed in the context of clinically relevant information regarding the biological consequences of IA rupture. We identified 542 differentially expressed sRNAs (108 piRNAs, 99 rRNAs, 90 miRNAs, 43 scRNAs, 36 tRNAs, and 32 snoRNAs) among the studied groups with notable differences in upregulated and downregulated sRNAs between the groups and sRNAs categories. piRNAs and rRNAs showed a substantial decrease in RNA abundance that was sustained after IA rupture, whereas miRNAs were largely upregulated. Downregulated sRNA genes included piR-31080, piR-57947, 5S rRNA, LSU-rRNA, and SSU-rRNA s. Remarkable enrichment in the representation of transcription factor binding sites was revealed in genomic locations of the regulated sRNA. We found strong overrepresentation of glucocorticoid receptor, retinoid x receptor alpha, and estrogen receptor alpha binding sites at the locations of downregulated piRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. This report, although preliminary and largely proof-of-concept, is the first to describe alterations in sRNAs abundance levels in response to IA rupture in humans. The obtained results indicate novel mechanisms that may constitute another level of control of the inflammatory response.Key messagesA total of 542 sRNAs were differentially expressed after aneurysmal SAH comparing with controlspiRNAs and rRNAs were upregulated and miRNAs were downregulated after IA ruptureThe regulated sRNA showed an enrichment in the representation of some transcription factor binding sitespiRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs showed an overrepresentation for GR, RXRA, and ERALPHA binding sites
Estimating the number of clusters via a corrected clustering instability
Authors: Haslbeck Jonas M. B. , Wulff Dirk U. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe improve instability-based methods for the selection of the number of clusters k in cluster analysis by developing a corrected clustering distance that corrects for the unwanted influence of the distribution of cluster sizes on cluster instability. We show that our corrected instability measure outperforms current instability-based measures across the whole sequence of possible k, overcoming limitations of current insability-based methods for large k. We also compare, for the first time, model-based and model-free approaches to determining cluster-instability and find their performance to be comparable. We make our method available in the R-package .
Differentiation of high-grade from low-grade diffuse gliomas using diffusion-weighted imaging: a comparative study of mono-, bi-, and stretched-exponential diffusion models
Authors: Kusunoki Masaoki , Kikuchi Kazufumi , Togao Osamu , Yamashita Koji , Momosaka Daichi , Kikuchi Yoshitomo , Kuga Daisuke , Hata Nobuhiro , Mizoguchi Masahiro , Iihara Koji , Suzuki Satoshi O. , Iwaki Toru , Akamine Yuta , Hiwatashi Akio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) plays an important role in the preoperative assessment of gliomas; however, the diagnostic performance of histogram-derived parameters from mono-, bi-, and stretched-exponential DWI models in the grading of gliomas has not been fully investigated. Therefore, we compared these models’ ability to differentiate between high-grade and low-grade gliomas.

Methods
This retrospective study included 22 patients with diffuse gliomas (age, 23–74 years; 12 males; 11 high-grade and 11 low-grade gliomas) who underwent preoperative 3 T-magnetic resonance imaging from October 2014 to August 2019. The apparent diffusion coefficient was calculated from the mono-exponential model. Using 13 b-values, the true-diffusion coefficient, pseudo-diffusion coefficient, and perfusion fraction were obtained from the bi-exponential model, and the distributed-diffusion coefficient and heterogeneity index were obtained from the stretched-exponential model. Region-of-interests were drawn on each imaging parameter map for subsequent histogram analyses.

Results
The skewness of the apparent diffusion, true-diffusion, and distributed-diffusion coefficients was significantly higher in high-grade than in low-grade gliomas (0.67 ± 0.67 vs. − 0.18 ± 0.63, 0.68 ± 0.74 vs. − 0.08 ± 0.66, 0.63 ± 0.72 vs. − 0.15 ± 0.73; P = 0.0066, 0.0192, and 0.0128, respectively). The 10th percentile of the heterogeneity index was significantly lower (0.77 ± 0.08 vs. 0.88 ± 0.04; P = 0.0004), and the 90th percentile of the perfusion fraction was significantly higher (12.64 ± 3.44 vs. 7.14 ± 1.70%: P < 0.0001), in high-grade than in low-grade gliomas. The combination of the 10th percentile of the true-diffusion coefficient and 90th percentile of the perfusion fraction showed the best area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.96).

Conclusion
The bi-exponential model exhibited the best diagnostic performance for differentiating high-grade from low-grade gliomas.