bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting yearly geomagnetic variation through sequential estimation of core flow and magnetic diffusion
Authors: Metman Maurits C. , Beggan Ciarán D. , Livermore Philip W. , Mound Jonathan E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEarth’s internal magnetic field is generated through motion of the electrically conductive iron-alloy fluid comprising its outer core. Temporal variability of this magnetic field, termed secular variation (SV), results from two processes: one is the interaction between core fluid motion and the magnetic field, the other is magnetic diffusion. As diffusion is widely thought to take place over relatively long, millennial time scales, it is common to disregard it when considering yearly to decadal field changes; in this frozen-flux approximation, core fluid motion may be inferred on the core–mantle boundary (CMB) using observations of SV at Earth’s surface. Such flow models have been used to forecast variation in the magnetic field. However, recent work suggests that diffusion may also contribute significantly to SV on short time scales provided that the radial length scale of the magnetic field structure within the core is sufficiently short. In this work, we introduce a hybrid method to forecast field evolution that considers a model based on both a steady flow and diffusion, in which we adopt a two-step process: first fitting the SV to a steady flow, and then fitting the residual by magnetic diffusion. We assess this approach by hindcasting the evolution for 2010–2015, based on fitting the models to CHAOS-6 using time windows prior to 2010. We find that including diffusion yields a reduction of up to 25% in the global hindcast error at Earth’s surface; at the CMB this error reduction can be in excess of 77%. We show that fitting the model over the shortest window that we consider, 2009–2010, yields the lowest hindcast error. Based on our hindcast tests, we present a candidate model for the SV over 2020–2025 for IGRF-13, fit over the time window 2018.3–2019.3. Our forecasts indicate that over the next decade the axial dipole will continue to decay, reversed-flux patches will increase in both area and intensity, and the north magnetic (dip) pole will continue to migrate towards Siberia.
Formation conditions and mechanical properties of aggregates produced in tephra–water–snow flows
Authors: Niiya Hirofumi , Oda Kenichi , Tsuji Daisuke , Katsuragi Hiroaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe formation of aggregates consisting of snow, water, and tephra has been reported in small-scale experiments on three-phase flows containing tephra, water, and snow, representing lahars triggered by snowmelt. Such aggregates reduce the mobility of mud flow. However, the formation mechanism of such aggregates under various conditions has not been investigated. To elucidate the formation conditions and mechanical properties of the aggregates, we performed mixing experiments with materials on a rotating table and compression tests on the resulting aggregates with a universal testing machine in a low-temperature room at $$0\,^{\circ }\text {C}$$

0

∘

C

. From experiments with varying component ratios of the mixture and tephra diameter, the following results were obtained: (i) the aggregate grew rapidly and reached maturity after a mixing time of 5 min; (ii) the mass of aggregates increased with snow concentration, exhibiting an approximately linear relationship; (iii) single aggregates with large mass formed at lower and higher tephra concentrations, whereas multiple aggregates with smaller mass were observed at intermediate concentrations; (iv) the shape of the aggregate satisfied the similarity law for an ellipsoid; (v) the compressive mechanical behavior could be modeled by an empirical nonlinear model. The obtained mechanical properties of the aggregates were independent of the experimental conditions; (vi) scaling analysis based on the Reynolds number and the strength of the aggregates showed that the aggregates cannot form in ice-slurry lahars. Our findings suggest that low-speed lahars containing snow and ice are likely to generate aggregates, but snow and ice in the ice-slurry lahars are dispersed without such aggregates.
Biologging is suspect to cause corneal opacity in two populations of wild living Northern Bald Ibises (Geronticus eremita)
Authors: Fritz Johannes , Eberhard Barbara , Esterer Corinna , Goenner Bernhard , Trobe Daniela , Unsoeld Markus , Voelkl Bernhard , Wehner Helena , Scope Alexandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this paper, we present evidence that biologging is strongly correlated with eye irritation, with sometimes severely impairing effects. A migratory population of the Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita, NBI) is reintroduced in Europe, in course of a LIFE + project. Since 2014, all individuals have been equipped with GPS-devices. Remote monitoring allows the implementation of focussed measures against major mortality causes.MethodsInitially all birds carried battery-powered devices, fixed on the lower back of the birds. Since 2016 an increasing amount of birds has been equipped with solar-powered devices, fixed on the upper back, the more sun-exposed position. In 2016, we observed opacity in the cornea of one eye (unilateral corneal opacity; UCO) during a regular health monitoring for the first time.ResultsBy 2018, a total of 25 birds were affected by UCO, with varying intensity up to blindness. Clinical examination of the birds revealed no clear cause for the symptoms. However, only birds carrying a device on the upper back were affected (2017 up to 70% of this group). In contrast, none of the birds carrying devices on the lower back ever showed UCO symptoms. This unexpected relationship between tagging and UCO was discovered in 2017. After we took countermeasures by removing the device or repositioning it on the lower back, we observed an immediate reduction of the incidence rate without any new cases reported since January 2019. NBI roost with their head on the back, one eye closely placed to the device if it was positioned on the upper back. Thus, we conclude that the most parsimonious explanation for the symptomatology is either a repetitive slight temperature rise in the corneal tissue due to electromagnetic radiation by the GSM module of the device or a repetitive slight mechanical irritation of the corneal surface. Concrete evidence is missing so far. Meanwhile, cases of UCO were found in another NBI population.ConclusionOur observations indicate that further research in the fast-growing field of biologging is urgently needed. The findings question the positioning of devices on the upper back in birds roosting with the head on the back.
Guided bone regeneration in staged vertical and horizontal bone augmentation using platelet-rich fibrin associated with bone grafts: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Amaral Valladão Carlos Alberto , Freitas Monteiro Mabelle , Joly Julio Cesar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The use of guided bone regeneration (GBR) for vertical and horizontal bone gain is a predictable approach to correct the bone defects before implant installation; however, the use of different protocols is associated with different clinical results. It is suggested that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) could improve the outcomes of regenerative procedures. Thus, this study aimed to describe the bone gain associated with GBR procedures combining membranes, bone grafts, and PRF for vertical and horizontal bone augmentation.

Materials and methods
Eighteen patients who needed vertical or horizontal bone regeneration before installing dental implants were included in the study. The horizontal bone defects were treated with a GBR protocol that includes the use of a mixture of particulate autogenous and xenogenous grafts in the proportion of 1:1, injectable form of PRF (i-PRF) to agglutinate the graft, an absorbable collagen membrane covering the regenerated region, and leukocyte PRF (L-PRF) membrane covering the GBR membrane. The vertical bone defects were treated with the same grafted mixture protected by a titanium-reinforced non-resorbable high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE-Ti) membrane and covered by L-PRF. The bone gain was measured using a cone-beam computed tomography at baseline and after a period of 7.5 (± 1.0) months.

Results
All patients underwent surgery to install implants after this regenerative protocol. The GBR produces an increase in bone thickness (p < 0.001) and height (p < 0.005) after treatment, with a bone gain of 5.9 ± 2.4 for horizontal defects and 5.6 ± 2.6 for vertical defects. In horizontal defects, the gain was higher in the maxilla than in mandible (p = 0.014) and in anterior than the posterior region (p = 0.033). No differences related to GBR location were observed in vertical defects (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
GBR associated with a mixture of particulate autogenous and xenogenous grafts and i-PRF is effective for vertical and horizontal bone augmentation in maxillary and mandibular regions, permitting sufficient bone gain to future implant placement.

Trial registration
REBEC, RBR-3CSG3J. Date of registration—19 July 2019, retrospectively registered. http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3csg3j/
Severe bradycardia at the termination of seizure during electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Kadoi Yuji , Michizaki Minoru , Saito Takanari , Ota Jo , Saito Shigeru , Sameshima Tatsuo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Few cases of asystole or severe bradycardia occurring after the termination of seizure in the third phase with the dominance of parasympathetic nervous system activity during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have been reported. We describe a case of severe bradycardia occurring at the termination of seizure.

Case presentation
The patient had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder more than 9 years earlier. No adverse hemodynamic events had been observed in over 100 sessions of ECT performed during a 9-year period. ECT was usually induced by propofol and suxamethonium. On this ECT, the heart rate gradually decreased before seizure termination, and severe bradycardia (5–6 beats/min) was identified lasting 15–20 s. Atropine administration immediately before electrical stimulus prevented any further bradycardia during the next session of ECT.

Conclusions
This case report indicates that attention should be paid to adverse cardiac events related to autonomic nerve activity even before such events occur during ECT.
Outcomes for Step-Wise Implementation of a Human Papillomavirus Testing–Based Cervical Screen-and-Treat Program in El Salvador
Authors: Alfaro Karla , Maza Mauricio , Felix Juan C. , Gage Julia C. , Castle Philip E. , Alonzo Todd A. , Chacón Andrea , González Enrique , Soler Montserrat , Conzuelo-Rodriguez Gabriel , Masch Rachel , Cremer Miriam 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE The Cervical Cancer Prevention in El Salvador (CAPE) project is a public-sector intervention introducing lower-cost human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in all four departments of the Paracentral region that screened a total of 28,015 women. After demonstrating success of an HPV screen-and-treat (S&T) algorithm over colposcopy management in the first two phases, the third phase scaled up the S&T strategy. We present results from phase III and evaluate S&T components across the entire project. METHODS During phase III, 17,965 women age 30-59 years underwent HPV testing. HPV-positive women were asked to return and, if eligible, received gas-based cryotherapy. We compare loss to follow-up and time intervals between S&T steps across the three phases. RESULTS There were no differences in HPV positivity across phases (phase I, 11.9%; phase II, 11.4%; phase III, 12.3%; P = .173). Although most HPV-positive women completed indicated follow-up procedures within 6 months in phases I (93.3%, 111 of 119) and II (92.3%, 429 of 465), this proportion declined to 74.9% (1,659 of 2,214; P < .001) in phase III. Mean days between testing and delivery of results to patients increased over program phases (phase I, 23.2 days; phase II, 46.7 days; phase III, 99.8 days; P < .001). CONCLUSION A public-sector implementation of an HPV-based S&T algorithm was successfully scaled up in El Salvador, albeit with losses in efficiency. After CAPE, the Ministry of Health changed its screening guidelines and procured additional tests to expand the program.
Assessment of Retinoblastoma Capacity in the Middle East, North Africa, and West Asia Region
Authors: Burges Michala , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Brennan Rachel C. , Krull Lisa , Sahr Natasha , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Jeha Sima , Wilson Matthew W. 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the capacity to treat retinoblastoma in the Middle East, North Africa, and West Asia region. METHODS A Web-based assessment that investigated retinoblastoma-related pediatric oncology and ophthalmology infrastructure and associated capacity at member institutions of the Pediatric Oncology East and Mediterranean group was distributed. Data were analyzed in terms of availability, location, and confidence of use for each resource needed for the management of retinoblastoma. Resources were categorized by diagnostics, focal therapy, chemotherapy, advanced treatment, and supportive care. Responding institutions were further divided into an asset-based tiered system. RESULTS In total, responses from 23 institutions were obtained. Fifteen institutions reported the availability of an ophthalmologist, 12 of which held primary off-site appointments. All institutions reported the availability of a pediatric oncologist and systemic chemotherapy A significant portion of available resources was located off site. Green laser was available on site at seven institutions, diode laser at six institutions, cryotherapy at 12 institutions, and brachytherapy at nine institutions. There existed marked disparity between the availability of some specific ophthalmic resources and oncologic resources. CONCLUSION The assessment revealed common themes related to the treatment of retinoblastoma in low- and- middle-income countries, including decentralization of care, limited resources, and lack of multidisciplinary care. Resource disparities warrant targeted intervention in the Middle East, North Africa, and West Asia region to advance the management of retinoblastoma in the region.
RNF144a induces ERK-dependent cell death under oxidative stress via downregulation of vaccinia-related kinase 3
Authors: Han Seung Hyun , Kim Kyong-Tai 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Vaccinia-related kinase 3 (VRK3) has been reported to be a negative regulator of ERK (ERK1 and ERK2; also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1, respectively) that protects cells from persistent ERK activation and inhibits ERK-dependent apoptosis. Here we report that the E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase RNF144a promotes the degradation of VRK3 via polyubiquitylation and thus affects VRK3-mediated ERK activity. Under oxidative stress, VRK3 migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, which increases its chance of interacting with RNF144a, thereby promoting the degradation of VRK3. Overexpression of RNF144a increases ERK activity via downregulation of VRK3 and promotes ERK-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, depletion of RNF144a increases the protein level of VRK3 and protects cells from excessive ERK activity. These findings suggest that VRK3 protects cells by suppressing oxidative stress-induced ERK, and that RNF144a sensitively regulates this process.
Four practice-based preliminary studies on Human Givens Rewind treatment for posttraumatic stress in Great Britain
Authors: Adams Shona , Allan Steven , Andrews William , Guy Keith , Timmins Jayne , Barr Elizabeth 
Published: October 2020

Background: Human Givens (HG) Rewind is a relatively unknown trauma-focussed treatment. This paper aimed to provide preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of Rewind to treat posttraumatic stress (PTS) in a variety of clinical settings in Great Britain. Methods: An observational prospective design was used in each of the four studies. Standardised questionnaires were administered in every session. Pre- and post-treatment means and effect sizes were calculated for each study, as were ‘recovery rates’ and ‘reliable change’ rates. Results: Across four studies, a total of 274 clients completed treatment and had complete data. The data capture rate ranged from 80-100%. The mean pre-treatment scores were in the severe range. The pre-post treatment effects sizes ranged from 1.90-2.68. The recovery rate, or percentage of clients who were below the clinical cut-off after treatment, ranged from 46-56% for the more conservative lower cut-offs, and ranged between 71-82% for the higher clinical cut-offs as used by Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT). Across the four studies, 83-96% of clients had ‘reliably improved’ (88-94% on trauma-specific questionnaires), with 4-17% having no reliable change on those questionnaires. There was no ‘reliable deterioration’. The mean number of HG treatment sessions ranged from 5-6.5 sessions (range 1–24 sessions), with between 73% and 84% of participants completing treatment in six sessions or less. Conclusions: These preliminary results indicate that HG Rewind appears to be a promising trauma treatment in a variety of settings. A randomised controlled trial is now required to determine the efficacy of this treatment.
Prevalence and factors associated with depressive symptoms among Polish dentistry students
Authors: Drożak Paulina , Drożak Martyna , Augustowska Katarzyna , Bryliński Łukasz , Bura Agata , Duda Piotr 
Published: October 2020

Introduction and objective. Depression is a disease that affects over 264 million people worldwide. According to research, the problem of depression concerns dentistry students. The aim of the research was to investigate the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms among Polish dental students, determine factors associated with this phenomenon and examine the relationship between these factors and depressive symptoms. Material and method. The participants of the study were dental students enrolled in each of the 10 Polish universities that offer dental education. The research tool was an author’s questionnaire and a Polish-language version of 9-Item-Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results. A total of 247 dental students took part in the study. The statistical analysis showed that 53.85% of the respondents were provisionally diagnosed with major depression. 8.91% of the participants had symptoms of severe depression. The research suggests that not doing sports regularly and not getting enough sleep are factors associated with depression among Polish dental students. Conclusions. Depressive symptoms among Polish dental students are common. Results suggest that it is important for students to maintain physical activity and take care of proper sleep hygiene. Further research needs to be done in order to explore more factors associated with depressive symptoms in the above-mentioned group.
An impact of selected micronutrients on fertility
Authors: Żak Klaudia , Leziak Milena , Niedobylski Sylwiusz , Piwoński Michał , Laszczak Katarzyna 
Published: October 2020

Introduction and purpose: The problem with infertility affects between 8 and 12% of reproductive-aged couples. Among the reasons, smoking, adulterated food, hormonal disorder are featured. Our purpose is to check how micronutrients impact fertility.Brief description of the state of knowledge: Micronutrients deficiency, specifically zinc and selenium deficiencies have also unpropitious impact on fertility. In this review, the potential role of these microelements in male and female reproductive health is considered. Zinc had been proved to regulate sperm motility, spermatogenesis and reduce oxidative stress. Lower delivery of selenium decrease testosterone level by causing changes in receptor of the luteinising hormone. It is also compared with lower spermatozoa concentration. In this review the role of iron, manganese, lead, nickel, copper, magnesium and cobalt is described as well. Summary: Deficiencies of some micronutrients may make worse the fertility. That’s the reason why additional supplementation may be important in the treatment of infertility.
Safety of anti-influenza vaccination during pregnancy
Authors: Kozłowska Marta , Zaniuk Marcin , Wójcik Piotr , Rogowska Monika , Tomczyk Jan 
Published: October 2020

Flu, while seemingly harmless, is actually much more dangerous. These include ubiquity, high contagiousness and the possibility of serious complications. The flu is associated with serious complications, especially in pregnancy. It includes increased rates of miscarriage, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, premature births, and decreased birth weight. The flu vaccine is an effective and safe preventive measure.According to WHO anti-flu vaccine is recommended to women in any trimester of the pregnancy. Research shows that vaccination during pregnancy is safe and does not cause foetal or maternal complications. Moreover, maternal antibodies cross the placenta and can protect infant against influenza up to 6 months. The most common reasons for refusing vaccines by pregnant women are hesitations and fear of adverse pregnancy outcome. Due to that it is important to increase the society’s awareness about flu complications during pregnancy as well for women and for children. Successful immunization of the society requires improving its vaccination behaviour and can benefit in reducing frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Shrouded Prices and Firm Reputation: Evidence from the U.S. Hotel Industry
Authors: Chiles Bennett 
Published: October 2020

Firms in many industries engage in price obfuscation—tactics that intentionally make prices more difficult for consumers to discern. Although existing research has focused on the short-term financial gains that motivate firms to obfuscate, reputational concerns may at least partially counteract these incentives if consumers punish deceptive firms via loss of loyalty in future transactions and/or publicly observable negative feedback. This paper addresses the latter possibility, exploring the impact of mandatory shrouded surcharges on firm reputation in the U.S. hotel industry. Using data collected from two major online travel sites, I exploit differences in surcharge disclosure across booking channels to identify the causal effect of hidden “resort fees” on traveler ratings. I find that hidden fees decrease ratings by roughly 0.15 points (on a rating scale ranging from 1 to 5). The magnitude of this effect varies based on firm characteristics, and this variation is consistent with observed heterogeneity in resort fee adoption patterns: when the expected punishment is more severe, firms are substantially less likely to adopt shrouded surcharges. Results shed light on the extent to which reputational mechanisms may act as a check against price obfuscation and other similar practices intended to exploit boundedly rational consumers. This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.
A New Design Arduino-Based Dual Axis Solar Tracking System
Authors: Naif Yasir Hashim 
Published: October 2020

Green and clean energy depends meanly on the Solar energy, especially at urban area. This paper presents the Arduino-based new design of dual-axis solar tracking system with high-efficiency using through the use of five-point sunlight sensors. The main objective of this research is to convert the maximum sunlight to electrical power by auto movement of the solar panel. This research is divided into two stages, first stage related to hardware design and the second related to software development. In hardware design, five light dependent resistors (LDR) have been used for tracking light direction source. Two linear actuators have been used to move the solar panel towards the maximum light intensity direction by using LDR sensors. Moreover, the software is constructed using C++ programming language and uploaded to the Arduino UNO platform. The efficiency of the designed tracking system has been examined and compared with fixed and single axis solar tracker and results shows that the new system has better efficiency than the fixed or single axis system.