bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-FDG PET/computed tomography may predict the outcome of newly diagnosed indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients managed with initial ‘watch-and-wait’ approach
Authors: Luo Yaping , Zhang Ying , Pan Qingqing , Zhang Yan , Li Fang 
Published: September 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) in the outcome of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in patients managed with initial ‘watch-and-wait’ treatment.

Methods
Sixteen patients with newly diagnosed NHL treated with initial watchful waiting were retrospectively recruited. They had a baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT and at least one follow-up PET/CT. The standard uptake values (SUV), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesions glycolysis (TLG) of lymphoma were measured in PET/CT. They were followed up for at least 2 years or until disease progression. The endpoint was the time to initiation of lymphoma treatment (TLT).

Results
Comparing the baseline and the follow-up PET/CT, four out of 16 patients showed spontaneous regression of lymphoma, three of the 16 patients had stable disease and the remaining nine of the 16 patients had progressive disease in the follow-up PET/CT. After a median follow-up of 32 months (range 14–90 months), 10/16 patients had progressive disease and chemotherapy was initiated. The median TLT was 21.0 months. In univariate analysis, MTV and TLG in baseline PET/CT were significant to predict TLT. Kaplan–Meier curves showed a statistical difference for TLT in the two groups of patients stratified by MTV or TLG at baseline (median TLT, 66.0 months vs. 12.0 months, P = 0.007). However, patients’ age, Ann Arbor staging, International Prognostic Index and SUVmax were not significant.

Conclusion
A proportion of patients with NHL might experience spontaneous regression of lymphoma. 18F-FDG PET/CT turned out as a prognostic factor for TLT in patients with NHL under watchful waiting.
Olfactory Impairment in Children and Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Bora Adem , Uzun Cicek Ayla 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this study, we aimed to examine the olfactory function of adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We investigated olfactory function of 50 adolescents with OCD and 50 healthy controls (min-max, 12–17 years) by the “Sniffin' Sticks” extended test. OCD and depression symptomatology were assessed with the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Adolescents with OCD had lower olfactory performance than healthy controls. The patients who responded positively to the treatment exhibited performance superior to the patients with partial response and those untreated. All olfactory measurements were significantly inversely correlated with MOCI and CDI total scores and OCD duration. Our results show that OCD has a significant impact on all olfactory tests, and olfactory impairment is related to symptom severity, duration, and course of OCD. The decrease in olfactory function may be a noninvasive state marker for OCD. Further investigations in longitudinal studies are required to confirm our results.
Autotraumatic Stress Disorders
Authors: Yager Joel , Kay Jerald 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Autotraumatic stress disorders (ATSD), variants of posttraumatic stress disorder PTSD, may develop in individuals after traumatic stressors for which they carry some responsibility, for example, serious self-injury and injury or death to others after murderous rages or careless vehicular driving. In ATSD, the individual is both the causative actor and casualty. As a result, in ATSD, distinctive negative psychological sequelae are grafted onto the usual distressing symptoms of PTSD, differentiating them from both PTSD and complex-PTSD. Whether the actions were intentional or unintentional and regardless of complications by comorbid psychiatric disorders, individuals with ATSD additionally experience some or all of the following symptoms stemming from actions for which they were responsible, wholly or in part: severe and unrelenting reality-based guilt, shame, remorse, regret, bitterness, self-betrayal, inability to trust oneself, and moral injury. Empirical studies investigating trauma-associated guilt and moral injury provide evidence to support these formulations. Clinical vignettes illustrate a range of circumstances leading to ATSD, in each instance adding significantly to the individual's distress, impeding recovery, and often requiring specific psychotherapeutic attention over and above that required for PTSD or complex-PTSD. These psychotherapeutic strategies have included intense, prolonged, noninterruptive, open-minded listening; avoiding premature whitewashing of responsibility and guilt; facilitating grief over lost innocence; helping create personal narratives that permit self-acceptance despite permanently altered damaged self-image; and, for some individuals, guiding repentance and restorative actions. Systematic case series and additional studies are necessary to ascertain how intentionality, self-harm versus harming others, and various comorbidities shape ATSD presentations, and to better delineate effective treatment strategies.
Noninvasive Cerebral Perfusion and Oxygenation Monitoring Augment Prolonged Field Care in a Non-Human Primate Model of Decompensated Hemorrhage and Resuscitation
Authors: Morgan Clifford G. , Neidert Leslie E. , Stigall Kyle S. , Rodriguez Gerardo J. , Pratt Gilbert A. , Lonowski Dominic , Harrell Kelly , McNeal Neal D. , Tiller Michael M. , Cardin Sylvain , Glaser Jacob J. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Decompensated hemorrhagic shock (DHS) is the leading cause of preventable death in combat casualties. “Golden hour” resuscitation effects on cerebral blood flow and perfusion following DHS in prolonged field care (PFC) are not well investigated. Using an established non-human primate model of DHS, we hypothesized noninvasive regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2) and Transcranial Doppler (TCD) would correlate to the invasive measurement of partial pressure of oxygen (PtO2) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in guiding hypotensive resuscitation in a PFC setting.

Methods:
Ten rhesus macaques underwent DHS followed by a 2 h PFC phase (T0–T120), and subsequent 4 h hospital resuscitation phase (T120–T360). Invasive monitoring (PtO2, MAP) was compared against noninvasive monitoring systems (rSO2, TCD). Results were analyzed using t tests and one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Linear correlation was determined via Pearson r. Significance = P < 0.05.

Results:
MAP, PtO2, rSO2, and mean flow velocity (MFV) significantly decreased from baseline at T0. MAP and PtO2 were restored to baseline by T15, while rSO2 was delayed through T30. At T120, MFV returned to baseline, while the Pulsatility Index significantly elevated by T120 (1.50 ± 0.31). PtO2 versus rSO2 (R2 = 0.2099) and MAP versus MFV (R2 = 0.2891) shared very weak effect sizes, MAP versus rSO2 (R2 = 0.4636) displayed a low effect size, and PtO2 versus MFV displayed a moderate effect size (R2 = 0.5540).

Conclusions:
Though noninvasive monitoring methods assessed here did not correlate strongly enough against invasive methods to warrant a surrogate in the field, they do effectively augment and direct resuscitation, while potentially serving as a substitute in the absence of invasive capabilities.
TBK1/IKKε Negatively Regulate LPS-Induced Neutrophil Necroptosis and Lung Inflammation
Authors: Wang Jieyan , Luan Yingyi , Fan Erica K. , Scott Melanie J. , Li Yuehua , Billiar Timothy R. , Wilson Mark A. , Jiang Yong , Fan Jie 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Cell necroptosis, a form of regulated inflammatory cell death, is one of the mechanisms that controls cell release of inflammatory mediators from innate immune cells, such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and critically regulates the progress of inflammation. Cell necroptosis features receptor-interacting protein (RIPK) 1 activation and necroptosome formation. This leads to loss of plasma membrane integrity, the release of cell contents into the extracellular space, and subsequent increased inflammation. Here, we report an intra-PMN mechanism of negative regulation of necroptosis mediated through TBK1/IKKε. Using an in vivo mouse model of intratracheal injection (i.t.) of LPS and in vitro LPS stimulation of mouse PMN, we found that LPS-TLR4 signaling in PMNs activates and phosphorylates TBK1 and IKKε, which in turn suppress LPS-induced formation of the RIPK1–RIPK3–MLKL (necrosome) complex. TBK1 dysfunction by knockdown or inhibitor significantly increases the phosphorylation of RIPK1 (∼67%), RIPK3 (∼68%), and MLKL (∼50%) and promotes RIPK1–RIPK3 and RIPK3–MLKL interactions and increases PMN necroptosis (∼83%) in response to LPS, with subsequent augmented lung inflammation. These findings suggest that the LPS-TLR4-TBK1 axis serves as a negative regulator for PMN necroptosis and might be a therapeutic target for modulating PMN death and inflammation.
State-of-the-Art Review—Endovascular Resuscitation
Authors: Madurska Marta J. , Ross James D. , Scalea Thomas M. , Morrison Jonathan J. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The emerging concept of endovascular resuscitation applies catheter-based techniques in the management of patients in shock to manipulate physiology, optimize hemodynamics, and bridge to definitive care. These interventions hope to address an unmet need in the care of severely injured patients, or those with refractory non-traumatic cardiac arrest, who were previously deemed non-survivable. These evolving techniques include Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of Aorta, Selective Aortic Arch Perfusion, and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and there is a growing literature base behind them. This review presents the up-to-date techniques and interventions, along with their application, evidence base, and controversy within the new era of endovascular resuscitation.
Prehospital Whole Blood Resuscitation Reduces Fluid Requirement While Maintaining Critical Physiology in a Model of Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhage: Implications on Resource-Limited Combat Casualty Care
Authors: Bailey Zachary S. , Leung Lai Yee , Yang Xiaofang , Cardiff Katherine , Gilsdorf Janice , Shear Deborah , Kochanek Patrick M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Prehospital resuscitation using whole blood (WB) is the standard of care for hemorrhagic shock (HS) but there is no consensus recommendation for resuscitation in the presence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to a lack of sufficient evidence. In order to evaluate the optimal resuscitation strategies for TBI+HS, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups based on resuscitation fluid and prehospital mean arterial pressure (MAP) threshold (n = 9–10/group): Lactated Ringer's (LR)-60 mm Hg (LR60), LR-70 mm Hg (LR70), WB-60 mm Hg (WB60), WB-70 mm Hg (WB70). All groups received a frontal penetrating ballistic-like brain injury followed by a 35-min period of HS. During the prehospital phase, rats received an initial bolus of resuscitation fluid (WB or LR) followed by LR as needed to maintain MAP above the designated threshold for 90 min. During the in-hospital phase, rats received definitive resuscitation with shed WB. Physiological parameters were recorded continuously and cerebral edema was measured at 3 and 24 h postinjury. The WB60 group demonstrated a significantly lower prehospital fluid requirement compared WB70, LR60, and LR70 (P < 0.05). Compared to the respective LR groups, both the WB60 and WB70 groups also demonstrated improved MAP, cerebral perfusion pressure, brain tissue oxygen tension, and cerebral edema. The edema benefits were observed at 3 h, but not 24 h postinjury, and were localized to the injury site. Together, these results provide evidence that prehospital WB resuscitation and lower MAP resuscitation thresholds can reduce the prehospital fluid requirement while still maintaining critical cerebral physiology in a model of HS and concomitant TBI.
Presepsin Values Predict Septic Acute Kidney Injury, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, and Shock
Authors: Shimoyama Yuichiro , Umegaki Osamu , Kadono Noriko , Minami Toshiaki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
Sepsis remains a major cause of mortality in critically ill patients. This study aimed to determine whether presepsin is a predictor of septic acute kidney injury (AKI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and shock.

Methods:
A total of 83 adult patients diagnosed with sepsis were prospectively examined. Presepsin values were measured immediately after intensive care unit (ICU) admission and on Days 2, 3, and 5 after ICU admission. Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, Prognostic Index, and Prognostic Nutritional Index were also examined at baseline. For category classification, total scores were calculated (hereafter, “inflammation-presepsin scores [iPS]”) as follows: a score of 1 was assigned if the presepsin value and inflammation-based prognostic scores at baseline were above cutoffs determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for 28-day mortality; a score of 0 was assigned if they were below the cutoffs (total score range, 0–2 points). Presepsin values, inflammation-based prognostic scores, and iPS were compared between patients with septic AKI, ARDS, DIC, or shock and those without these disorders.

Results:
ROC curve analyses identified the following variables as predictors: presepsin on Days 1 and 2 for septic AKI; presepsin on Days 1 to 3; and iPS-GPS for septic ARDS; and presepsin on Day 2 and Δpresepsin (Day 2–Day 1) for septic DIC. Multivariate analysis revealed presepsin on Day 2 to be a predictor of septic DIC.

Conclusion:
Presepsin is a predictor of septic AKI, ARDS, and DIC. Combining presepsin values with GPS improved the specificity for predicting septic ARDS relative to using baseline presepsin values alone.
SMMARTS
Authors: Lampotang Samsun , Bigos André K. , Avari Kaizad , Johnson William T. , Mei Vincent , Lizdas David E. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction
Different simulators often share elements, resulting in different laboratories doing redundant work. This can lead to higher development and acquisition costs, proprietary, incompatible technology, lack of interoperability, and large inventories that reduce accessibility to the benefits of simulation. Simulation technology can become more affordable and scalable with open architecture and modular design. We describe the System of Modular Mixed and Augmented Reality Tracking Simulators (SMMARTS) open architecture, rapid development platform for designing and building modular procedural and guided-intervention simulators.

Methods
A modular stand provides mechanical indexing (registration) of a modular anatomical block representing the anatomy relevant to the simulated intervention. A software development kit (SDK) integrated with the hardware (stand and hand-held tracked tools such as a needle and ultrasound probe) facilitates software development. The SMMARTS SDK at https://github.com/UF-CSSALT/SMMARTS-SDK developed in Unity Technologies' Unity game engine includes Arduino microcontroller and NDI's 6 degrees of freedom tracking connectivity along with software tools such as a replayer, user interface templates, 3D visualization of the virtual counterparts of physical elements, scoring monitors, cognitive aids, common error messages, and Experience Application Programming Interface compatibility.

Results
We used SMMARTS to develop 9 different simulators internally (instructor-less central venous access currently deployed to Iraq, prostate biopsy, epidural loss-of-resistance, ventriculostomy, pterygopalatine fossa block, lumbar/chronic pain blocks, chest tube insertion) and externally (intravenous access).

Discussion
As a living tool, SMMARTS now has sufficient functionality and benefits that we can share it to help clinicians and engineers focus more on content specific to learning objectives rather than back-end tasks.
Baseline Brain Segmental Volumes in Responders and Nonresponders to Anticholinergic Therapy for Overactive Bladder Syndrome
Authors: Sheyn David , Martin Nicole M. , Walden Lucas , Roberts Kasey M. , El-Nashar Sherif , Hijaz Adonis K. , Prescott Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2020

Objective
Evaluate structural differences in brains of responders (R) and nonresponders (NR) to anticholinergic (AC) therapy for overactive bladder (OAB).

Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of age matched women treated with an AC medication for OAB and underwent magnetic resonance imaging within 12 months before treatment. Data on pretreatment demographic and clinical variables and symptom severity was also collected.
T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of the brain for each subject were segmented using FreeSurfer software. Structures included for analysis were cerebral cortex, white matter, subcortical gray matter, cerebellum, and brain stem.
Nonresponders were defined as patients who reported less than 50% improvement after a minimum of 4 weeks on the maximum dose of the prescribed medication. Pairwise analysis between groups was performed using the Wilcoxon-Rank Sum test and Fisher exact test where appropriate. Spearman ρ was used to evaluate for correlations between neurologic structures and symptom severity.

Results
There were no differences in pretreatment characteristics or symptom severity between the 21 R and 18 NR. Nonresponders had lower volumes of the right caudal anterior cingulate gyrus white matter (1919 mm3 vs 2416 mm3, P = 0.008) and right parahippocampal gyrus white matter (1008 mm3 vs 1469 mm3, P = 0.001). Incontinence episode frequency showed a negative moderate correlation with the anterior cingulate gyrus white matter volume (ρ = −0.4228, P = 0.007). The right and left cerebellar cortices showed weak and moderate negative correlations to frequency of nocturia (ρ = −0.384, P = 0.02 and ρ −0.443, P = 0.005, respectively).

Conclusion
There are measurable volumetric differences in brain structures in R and NR to AC therapy.
Scarring and Selection in the Great Irish Famine
Authors: Blum Matthias , Colvin Christopher L. , McLaughlin Eoin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhat is the health impact of famines on survivors? We use a population exposed to severe famine conditions during infancy to document two opposing effects. The first: exposure leads to poor health into adulthood, a scarring effect. The second: survivors do not themselves suffer health consequences, a selection effect. Anthropometric evidence on over 21,000 subjects born before, during and after the Great Irish Famine (1845-52), among modern history’s most severe famines, suggests selection is strongest where mortality is highest. Individuals born in heavily-affected areas experienced no measurable stunted growth; scarring was found only where excess mortality was low.
Influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers during the first two seasons of data collection, Finland, 2017-2019
Authors: Hammer Charlotte C , Lyytikäinen Outi , Arifulla Dinah , Toura Saija , Nohynek Hanna 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundInfluenza can cause severe illness among high-risk groups such as elderly and immunocompromised patients. Mandatory influenza vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) has been viewed as means to improve patient and HCW protection.MethodsWe analyzed data collected by a web-based survey sent annually to all Finnish acute care hospitals and described the influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs during seasons 2017/18 (without mandate) and 2018/19 (mandate enforced).ResultsIn season 2017/2018, 38/39 hospitals provided data and 35/36 hospitals in 2018/2019. The mean coverage in season 2017/18 was 88% (median, 84%; range 48-100%) and in 2018/19 91% (median, 91%; range 57-100%). The mean increase from season 2017/2018 to 2018/2019 was 6.5% (median, 3%; range -11.0-33.0%).ConclusionsThe coverage of influenza vaccinated HCWs in Finnish hospitals was high. However, there were major differences between hospitals which raise the question about data quality as well as implementation of the mandate, and need further evaluation.
Retrospective meta-transcriptomic identification of severe dengue in a traveller returning from Africa to Sweden, 1990
Authors: Alfsnes Kristian , Lagerqvist Nina , Vene Sirkka , Bohlin Jon , Verner-Carlsson Jenny , Ekqvist David , Bråve Andreas , Holmes Edward C. , Shi Weifeng , Pettersson John H.-O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe first imported case of severe haemorrhagic fever in Sweden was reported in 1990. Despite extensive diagnostic study, no aetiological agent was identified. Following retrospective investigation with total RNA-sequencing of plasma and urine samples collected during between 7–36 days from onset of symptoms, we identified dengue virus 3 (DENV-3) and a human pegivirus (HPgV). We conclude that the patient most likely suffered from haemorrhagic symptoms due to a severe dengue infection.
Quantitative particle analysis of particulate matter release during orthodontic procedures: A pilot study
Authors: Din Ahmed Riaz , Hindocha Annika , Patel Tulsi , Sudarshan Sanjana , Cagney Neil , Koched Amine , Mueller Jens-Dominik , Seoudi Noha , Morgan Claire , Shahdad Shakeel , Fleming Padhraig S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionTransmission of SARS-Cov-2 through aerosol has been implicated particularly in the presence of highly concentrated aerosols in enclosed environments. It is accepted that aerosols are produced during a range of dental procedures, posing potential risks to both dental practitioners and patients. There has been little agreement concerning aerosol transmission associated with orthodontics and associated mitigation.MethodsOrthodontic procedures were simulated in a closed side-surgery using a dental manikin on an acrylic model using composite-based adhesive. Adhesive removal representing debonding was undertaken using a 1:1 contra-angle handpiece (W&H Synea™ Vision WK-56 LT, Bürmoos, Austria) and fast hand-piece with variation in air and water flow. The removal of acid etch was also simulated with use of combined 3-in-1 air water syringe to remove etch. An Optical Particle Sizer (OPS 3330, TSI Inc. Minnesota, USA) and a portable Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (NanoScan SMPS Nanoparticle Sizer 3910, TSI Inc Minnesota, USA) were both to assess particulate matter ranging from ‘very small’ (0.08 – 0.26 μm) to ‘large’ (2.7 – 10 μm) particles.ResultsStandard debonding procedure (involving air but no water) was associated with clear increase in the ‘very small’ and ‘small’ (0.26 – 0.9 μm) particles but only for a short period. Debonding procedures without air appeared to produce similar levels of aerosol to standard debonding. Debonding in association with water tended to produce large increase in aerosol levels, producing particles of all sizes throughout the experiment. The use of water and a fast hand-piece led to the most significant increase in particles. Combined use of the 3-in-1 air water syringe did not result in any detectable increase in the aerosol levels.ConclusionsParticulate matter was released during orthodontic debonding, although the concentration and volume was markedly less than that associated with the use of a fast hand-piece. No increase in particulates was associated with prolonged use of a 3-in-1 air-water syringe. Particulate levels reduced to baseline levels over a short period (approx. 5 minutes). Further research within alternative, open environments and without air exchange systems is required.