bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized ex vivo stimulation identifies multi-functional HBV-specific T cells in a majority of chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Chua Conan G. , Mehrotra Aman , Mazzulli Tony , Wong David K. , Feld Jordan J. , Janssen Harry L. A. , Gehring Adam J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh antigen burden during chronic hepatitis B (CHB) results in a low frequency HBV-specific T cell response with restricted functionality. However, this observation is based on limited data because low T cell frequencies have hindered effective ex vivo analysis. We adapted the ELISpot assay to overcome this obstacle to measure ex vivo T cell responses in CHB patients. We modified the key variables of cell number and the peptide pulsing method to improve ex vivo detection of HBV-specific T cells. We detected IFN-γ responses in 10/15 vaccinated controls and 20/30 CHB patients, averaging 195 and 84 SFUs/2 × 106 PBMCs respectively. Multi-analyte FluoroSpots improved functional characterization of T cells. We detected IFN-γ responses in all tested vaccinated controls (n = 10) and CHB patients (n = 13). IL-2 responses were detectable in 9/10 controls and 10/13 patients. TNF-α displayed less sensitivity, detectable in only 7/10 controls and 7/13 patients. Antigen-specific analysis demonstrated that IFN-γ responses were dominated by polymerase and core, with weak responses to envelope and X. IL-2 responses were found in 3/5 patients and equally directed towards polymerase and core. While their ex vivo frequency is extremely low, a fraction of HBV-specific T cells are detectable and display multi-functionality ex vivo.
Involvement of Arabidopsis BIG protein in cell death mediated by Myo-inositol homeostasis
Authors: Bruggeman Quentin , Piron-Prunier Florence , Tellier Frédérique , Faure Jean-Denis , Latrasse David , Manza-Mianza Deborah , Mazubert Christelle , Citerne Sylvie , Boutet-Mercey Stéphanie , Lugan Raphael , Bergounioux Catherine , Raynaud Cécile , Benhamed Moussa , Delarue Marianne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) is essential for several aspects of plant life. We previously identified the mips1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which is deficient for the enzyme catalysing myo-inositol synthesis, and that displays light-dependent formation of lesions on leaves due to Salicylic Acid (SA) over-accumulation. Rationale of this work was to identify novel regulators of plant PCD using a genetic approach. A screen for secondary mutations that abolish the mips1 PCD phenotype identified a mutation in the BIG gene, encoding a factor of unknown molecular function that was previously shown to play pleiotropic roles in plant development and defence. Physiological analyses showed that BIG is required for lesion formation in mips1 via SA-dependant signalling. big mutations partly rescued transcriptomic and metabolomics perturbations as stress-related phytohormones homeostasis. In addition, since loss of function of the ceramide synthase LOH2 was not able to abolish cell death induction in mips1, we show that PCD induction is not fully dependent of sphingolipid accumulation as previously suggested. Our results provide further insights into the role of the BIG protein in the control of MIPS1-dependent cell death and also into the impact of sphingolipid homeostasis in this pathway.
Interfacial stabilization for epitaxial CuCrO2 delafossites
Authors: Ok Jong Mok , Yoon Sangmoon , Lupini Andrew R. , Ganesh Panchapakesan , Chisholm Matthew F. , Lee Ho Nyung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractABO2 delafossites are fascinating materials that exhibit a wide range of physical properties, including giant Rashba spin splitting and anomalous Hall effects, because of their characteristic layered structures composed of noble metal A and strongly correlated BO2 sublayers. However, thin film synthesis is known to be extremely challenging owing to their low symmetry rhombohedral structures, which limit the selection of substrates for thin film epitaxy. Hexagonal lattices, such as those provided by Al2O3(0001) and (111) oriented cubic perovskites, are promising candidates for epitaxy of delafossites. However, the formation of twin domains and impurity phases is hard to suppress, and the nucleation and growth mechanisms thereon have not been studied for the growth of epitaxial delafossites. In this study, we report the epitaxial stabilization of a new interfacial phase formed during pulsed-laser epitaxy of (0001)-oriented CuCrO2 epitaxial thin films on Al2O3 substrates. Through a combined study using scanning transmission electron microscopy/electron-energy loss spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, we report that the nucleation of a thermodynamically stable, atomically thick CuCr1−xAlxO2 interfacial layer is the critical element for the epitaxy of CuCrO2 delafossites on Al2O3 substrates. This finding provides key insights into the thermodynamic mechanism for the nucleation of intermixing-induced buffer layers that can be used for the growth of other noble-metal-based delafossites, which are known to be challenging due to the difficulty in initial nucleation.
Species richness both impedes and promotes alien plant invasions in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Lannes Luciola S. , Karrer Stefanie , Teodoro Danielle A. A. , Bustamante Mercedes M. C. , Edwards Peter J. , Olde Venterink Harry 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWorldwide, alien plant invasions have been intensively studied in the past decades, but mechanisms controlling the invasibility of native communities are not fully understood yet. The stochastic niche hypothesis predicts that species-rich plant communities are less prone to alien plant invasions than species-poor communities, which is supported by some but not all field studies, with some very species-rich communities such as the Brazilian Cerrado becoming heavily invaded. However, species-rich communities potentially contain a greater variety of facilitative interactions in resource exploitation than species-poor communities, from which invasive plants might benefit. This alternative hypothetical mechanism might explain why nutrient-poor, species-rich ecosystems are prone to invasion. Here we show that a high species richness both impedes and promotes invasive plants in the Brazilian Cerrado, using structural equation modelling and data from 38 field sites. We found support for the stochastic niche hypothesis through an observed direct negative influence of species richness on abundance of alien invasive species, but an indirect positive effect of species richness on invasive alien plants through soil phosphatase activity that enhances P availability was also found. These field observations were supported with results from a mesocosm experiment. Root phosphatase activity of plants increased with species richness in the mesocosms, which was associated with greater community P and N uptake. The most prominent alien grass species of the region, Melinis minutiflora, benefited most from the higher N and P availability in the species mixtures. Hence, this study provides a novel explanation of why species-richness may sometimes promote rather than impede invasion, and highlights the need to perform facilitation experiments in multi-species communities.
Sequence-based genetic mapping of Cynodon dactylon Pers. reveals new insights into genome evolution in Poaceae
Authors: Fang Tilin , Dong Hongxu , Yu Shuhao , Moss Justin Q. , Fontanier Charles H. , Martin Dennis L. , Fu Jinmin , Wu Yanqi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBermudagrass (Cynodon dactylonPers.) is an important warm-season perennial used extensively for turf, forage, soil conservation and remediation worldwide. However, limited genomic information has hindered the application of molecular tools towards understanding genome evolution and in breeding new cultivars. We genotype a first-generation selfed population derived from the tetraploid (4x = 36) ‘A12359’ using genotyping-by-sequencing. A high-density genetic map of 18 linkage groups (LGs) is constructed with 3,544 markers. Comparative genomic analyses reveal that each of nine homeologous LG pairs ofC. dactyloncorresponds to one of the first nine chromosomes ofOropetium thomaeum. Two nested paleo-ancestor chromosome fusions (ρ6-ρ9-ρ6, ρ2-ρ10-ρ2) may have resulted in a 12-to-10 chromosome reduction. A segmental dissemination of the paleo-chromosome ρ12 (ρ1-ρ12-ρ1, ρ6-ρ12-ρ6) leads to the 10-to-9 chromosome reduction inC. dactylongenome. The genetic map will assist in an ongoing whole genome sequence assembly and facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) in developing new cultivars.
Probing quantum processor performance with pyGSTi
Authors: Nielsen Erik , Rudinger Kenneth , Proctor Timothy , Russo Antonio , Young Kevin , Blume-Kohout Robin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
PyGSTi is a Python software package for assessing and characterizing the performance of quantum computing processors. It can be used as a standalone application, or as a library, to perform a wide variety of quantum characterization, verification, and validation (QCVV) protocols on as-built quantum processors. We outline pyGSTi’s structure, and what it can do, using multiple examples. We cover its main characterization protocols with end-to-end implementations. These include gate set tomography, randomized benchmarking on one or many qubits, and several specialized techniques. We also discuss and demonstrate how power users can customize pyGSTi and leverage its components to create specialized QCVV protocols and solve user-specific problems.
Providing Laboratory Medicine Training in a Low-Resource Setting
Authors: Harb Roa , Kachimanga Chiyembekezo , Bangura Musa , Kanawa Sahr , Stratton Charles W , Milner Dan A , Eichbaum Quentin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We developed and participated in a 1-week laboratory medicine training presented from June 3, 2019, to June 7, 2019.

Methods
The training was a combination of daily morning lectures and case presentations as well as afternoon practical sessions in the clinical laboratory. The content was selected over months by local organizers and the visiting faculty and further modified on site to reflect local needs.

Results
Participants identified practice changes that could be realized in the short term but most faced significant barriers to implementation in the absence of structured and long-term follow-up.

Conclusions
In this report, we review insights learned from our experience and reflect on strategies for realistic, meaningful, and relevant contributions in the setting of laboratory medicine–oriented short-term programs.
Prospective Study Assessing the Effect of Local Infiltration of Tranexamic Acid on Facelift Bleeding
Authors: Kochuba Andrew L , Coombs Demetrius M , Kwiecien Grzegorz J , Sinclair Nicholas R , Zins James E 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRebound bleeding during facelift surgery is a major cause of facelift hematomas. Subcutaneous infiltration of tranexamic acid (TXA) combined with lidocaine and epinephrine was recently retrospectively shown to decrease rebound bleeding. No study has prospectively examined the effect of subcutaneous TXA on intraoperative and postoperative bleeding during facelift surgery.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to prospectively demonstrate that TXA combined with local anesthesia safely reduces the effects of rebound bleeding, reduces operative time, and decreases postoperative drainage.MethodsThis was a prospective, single-surgeon, case-control study performed between July 2019 and March 2020. Thirty-nine patients (35 female and 4 male; mean age, 64.9 years; age range, 49-80 years) underwent facelift surgery alone or in combination with facial rejuvenation procedures. All patients were injected subcutaneously with 1 or 2 mg/mL TXA + 0.5% lidocaine/1:200,000 epinephrine. Patient demographics, TXA dose, time to hemostasis, drain output, and minor and major complications were recorded.ResultsThe mean time to hemostasis was 6.4 minutes for the left and right sides each. Average postoperative day (POD) 0 drain outputs were 13.9 mL (left) and 10.1 mL (right). Average POD 1 drain outputs were 15.1 mL (left) and 15.6 mL (right). Drains were removed from all patients on POD 1 or 2. There were 2 minor complications (flap necrosis plus infection, marginal mandibular neuropraxia) and no major complications.ConclusionsTXA safely and effectively decreased bleeding, operating room time, and drain output compared with traditional local anesthetic techniques. Our future goal is to determine if epinephrine can be completely removed from the local anesthetic and replaced with TXA for facelift surgery.Level of Evidence: 2
Twenty years of distributed port-Hamiltonian systems: a literature review
Authors: Rashad Ramy , Califano Federico , van der Schaft Arjan J , Stramigioli Stefano 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The port-Hamiltonian (pH) theory for distributed parameter systems has developed greatly in the past two decades. The theory has been successfully extended from finite-dimensional to infinite-dimensional systems through a lot of research efforts. This article collects the different research studies carried out for distributed pH systems. We classify over a hundred and fifty studies based on different research focuses ranging from modeling, discretization, control and theoretical foundations. This literature review highlights the wide applicability of the pH systems theory to complex systems with multi-physical domains using the same tools and language. We also supplement this article with a bibliographical database including all papers reviewed in this paper classified in their respective groups.
Estimating Transmission Parameters for Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Predicting the Impact of Maternal and Pediatric Vaccination
Authors: van Boven Michiel , Teirlinck Anne C , Meijer Adam , Hooiveld Mariëtte , van Dorp Christiaan H , Reeves Rachel M , Campbell Harry , van der Hoek Wim ,   RESCEU Investigators, Reeves Rachel M , Li You , Campbell Harry , Nair Harish , van Wijhe Maarten , Kølsen Fischer Thea , Simonsen Lone , Trebbien Ramona , Tong Sabine , Gallichan Scott , Bangert Mathieu , Demont Clarisse , Lehtonen Toni , Heikkinen Terho , Teirlinck Anne , van Boven Michiel , van der Hoek Wim , van der Maas Nicoline , Meijer Adam , Fernandez Liliana Vazquez , Bøas Håkon , Bekkevold Terese , Flem Elmira , Stona Luca , Speltra Irene , Giaquinto Carlo , Cheret Arnaud , Leach Amanda , Stoszek Sonia , Beutels Philippe , Bont Louis , Pollard Andrew , Openshaw Peter , Abram Michael , Swanson Kena , Rosen Brian , Molero Eva , Reeves Rachel M , Li You , Campbell Harry , Nair Harish , van Wijhe Maarten , Kølsen Fischer Thea , Simonsen Lone , Trebbien Ramona , Tong Sabine , Gallichan Scott , Bangert Mathieu , Demont Clarisse , Lehtonen Toni , Heikkinen Terho , Teirlinck Anne , van Boven Michiel , van der Hoek Wim , van der Maas Nicoline , Meijer Adam , Fernandez Liliana Vazquez , Bøas Håkon , Bekkevold Terese , Flem Elmira , Stona Luca , Speltra Irene , Giaquinto Carlo , Cheret Arnaud , Leach Amanda , Stoszek Sonia , Beutels Philippe , Bont Louis , Pollard Andrew , Openshaw Peter , Abram Michael , Swanson Kena , Rosen Brian , Molero Eva 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract illness in young children and a major cause of hospital admissions globally.

Methods
Here we fit age-structured transmission models with immunity propagation to data from the Netherlands (2012–2017). Data included nationwide hospitalizations with confirmed RSV, general practitioner (GP) data on attendance for care from acute respiratory infection, and virological testing of acute respiratory infections at the GP. The transmission models, equipped with key parameter estimates, were used to predict the impact of maternal and pediatric vaccination.

Results
Estimates of the basic reproduction number were generally high (R0 &gt; 10 in scenarios with high statistical support), while susceptibility was estimated to be low in nonelderly adults (&lt;10% in persons 20–64 years) and was higher in older adults (≥65 years). Scenario analyses predicted that maternal vaccination reduces the incidence of infection in vulnerable infants (&lt;1 year) and shifts the age of first infection from infants to young children.

Conclusions
Pediatric vaccination is expected to reduce the incidence of infection in infants and young children (0–5 years), slightly increase incidence in 5 to 9-year-old children, and have minor indirect benefits.
SCOR: A secure international informatics infrastructure to investigate COVID-19
Authors: Raisaro J L , Marino Francesco , Troncoso-Pastoriza Juan , Beau-Lejdstrom Raphaelle , Bellazzi Riccardo , Murphy Robert , Bernstam Elmer V , Wang Henry , Bucalo Mauro , Chen Yong , Gottlieb Assaf , Harmanci Arif , Kim Miran , Kim Yejin , Klann Jeffrey , Klersy Catherine , Malin Bradley A , Méan Marie , Prasser Fabian , Scudeller Luigia , Torkamani Ali , Vaucher Julien , Puppala Mamta , Wong Stephen T C , Frenkel-Morgenstern Milana , Xu Hua , Musa Baba Maiyaki , Habib Abdulrazaq G , Cohen Trevor , Wilcox Adam , Salihu Hamisu M , Sofia Heidi , Jiang Xiaoqian , Hubaux J P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Global pandemics call for large and diverse healthcare data to study various risk factors, treatment options, and disease progression patterns. Despite the enormous efforts of many large data consortium initiatives, scientific community still lacks a secure and privacy-preserving infrastructure to support auditable data sharing and facilitate automated and legally compliant federated analysis on an international scale. Existing health informatics systems do not incorporate the latest progress in modern security and federated machine learning algorithms, which are poised to offer solutions. An international group of passionate researchers came together with a joint mission to solve the problem with our finest models and tools. The SCOR Consortium has developed a ready-to-deploy secure infrastructure using world-class privacy and security technologies to reconcile the privacy/utility conflicts. We hope our effort will make a change and accelerate research in future pandemics with broad and diverse samples on an international scale.
Airbag Burns: An Unfortunate Consequence of Motor Vehicle Safety
Authors: Skibba Kathryn E H , Cleveland Chelsea N , Bell Derek E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Thousands of people are injured in motor vehicle collisions daily and the mandated installation of airbags protects passengers but can also cause injuries from deployment including cutaneous burns. We sought to characterize the patterns and outcomes of burns resulting from airbag deployment by performing a retrospective review of all patients evaluated by the burn service from May 1, 2015 to April 30, 2019. Inclusion criteria were patients of all ages with burn injuries related to airbag deployment. Demographic data, burn characteristics, and outcomes were reviewed. Seventeen patients met the inclusion criteria: 82.4% female and 17.6% male. The average age was 40.4 years. Fifteen patients had second-degree and two had third-degree burns. The average TBSA was 0.45%. The hands or upper extremity (88%) were most often injured, but there were two chest, one neck, and one anterior thigh burns. Eight patients suffered multiple burns. Burn etiology (chemical vs thermal) was often not specified. No patients required hospitalization or surgical intervention, and all wounds healed with wound care. The average time to re-epithelialization was 11 days. Although airbags prevent mortality and serious injury, the exothermic chemical reaction that inflates the airbag is responsible for deployment-related burns. Since there is a chemical and thermal component, all airbag-related burns should undergo chemical decontamination on the initial presentation. Burns related to airbag deployment tend to be small and do not require grafting; however, patients suffer from associated pain, scarring, and burn management can be a financial and time burden to the patient.
Identification of lymphatic endothelium in cranial arachnoid granulation-like dural gap
Authors: Kutomi Osamu , Takeda Sen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are essential for maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system. Despite insufficiently detailed descriptions of their structural and molecular properties for a century, cranial arachnoid granulations (CAGs) on meninges have been thought to participate in draining CSF from the subarachnoid space into the dural sinuses. However, recent studies have demonstrated the existence of other types of CSF drainage systems, such as lymphatic vessels adjacent to dural sinus and paravascular space in the brain so-called glymphatic system. Therefore, the role of CAGs in CSF drainage has become dubious. To better understand CAG function, we analyzed the ultrastructure and molecular identity of CAG-like structure on meninges adjacent to the superior sagittal sinus of pigs. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that this structure has a reticular conglomerate consisting of endothelial cells that resembles lymphatic linings. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy showed that they express molecules specific to lymphatic endothelial cell. We coined a name ‘CAG-like dural gap (CAG-LDG)’ to this structure and discussed the physiological relevance in terms of CSF drainage.
Dislocation of a polyethylene insert in an infected knee joint after a Triathlon total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ahmed Idrees , Murray James 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis report presents the case of a 57-year-old male patient who underwent a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using an uncemented Triathlon system and subsequently went on to develop a prosthetic joint infection (PJI) with eventual polyethylene insert dislocation. This report presents the clinical, radiological and surgical findings of the insert dislocation on the background of PJI and explores this rare complication of TKA by providing a summary of the literature on this topic.
Linking Educators and Employers: Taxonomies, Rationales, and Barriers
Authors: Percy Christian , Kashefpakdel Elnaz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Despite their many overlaps and areas of common interest, the domains of education—particularly school-based education—and employment can seem far apart, with different structures, incentives, and experts. Policymakers and commentators have pointed to this distance as exacerbating economic and social issues, ranging from underemployment and unsatisfactory productivity to job satisfaction and social mobility. This chapter draws on examples from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries of the diverse mechanisms proposed to narrow this distance in a new taxonomy established across seven aspects of the school-based education process: education policy, curriculum development, institutional management, curriculum delivery, non-curriculum skills development, career guidance, and graduation. The benefits and barriers to partnership working between employers and educators are discussed and linked to the debate regarding the need for state subsidy to support partnership working.