bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PP531 Quality Of Life Of Patients With Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders Before And During Treatment With Triheptanoin
Authors: Kruger Eliza , Marsden Deborah , Bensimon Arielle , Cook Erin , Orvis Eli , Yang Hongbo , Mayhew Jill , Thomas Nina 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionLong-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAOD) are a group of serious diseases in which patients are at risk of metabolic decompensation, resulting in cardiomyopathy, hypoglycemia and rhabdomyolysis and premature mortality. In addition, LC-FAOD are a burdensome disease that adversely effects quality of life (QoL) via symptoms of muscle pain, fatigue, and a difficult diet. Previous studies have reported improvements in QoL during treatment with triheptanoin as measured by short form (SF) instruments. This study sought to convert the QoL measure into a utility value for a sample of patients with LC-FAOD at baseline and 78 weeks during treatment with triheptanoin.MethodsIn an open-label Phase 2 study of triheptanoin (UX007-CL201, NCT01886378), caregivers of patients (n = 9/23 enrolled) or patients aged 18+ years (n = 6/6 enrolled) completed the SF-10 or the SF-12v2, respectively. Component summary scores at baseline and 78-week during treatment period were converted to EuroQol-Five Dimension (EQ-5D) utility (with zero representing death and 1.0 perfect health) using a published conversion algorithm (Lawrence and Fleishman 2004). Generalized linear mixed-effects models with individual-level random effects were used to estimate the utility values.ResultsAt baseline, patients’ utility was estimated to be 0.365 (standard error [SE] = 0.090) compared with 0.629 (SE = 0.072) 78-weeks during treatment, a significant improvement (p = 0.0073). In a sensitivity analysis using SF-12v2 data only (that is, only adult patients), utility estimates were 0.498 (SE = 0.084) at baseline versus 0.690 (SE = 0.068) during treatment (p = 0.0499). No patients had a major clinical event during the SF instrument recall period, indicating the benefit was driven by day-to-day improvement in QoL.ConclusionsTreatment with triheptanoin resulted in a substantial improvement in daily QoL for patients with LC-FAOD. Limitations of this study include that the estimation of utilities is from a single-arm study with small sample sizes and that the assessment of utility was based on a conversion algorithm rather than direct measurement. Nevertheless, results indicate significant improvement in QoL for patients treated with triheptanoin.
On the role of contestations, the power of reflexive authority, and legitimation problems in the global political system
Authors: Zürn Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis response to my critics discusses four claims that are central forA Theory of Global Governance. The first claim is that observing a high level of conflict and contestation in world politics is not proof of the unimportance of global governance, since many of the current conflicts and contestations are about international institutions. The second claim is that the 1990s saw a rise of trans- and international authority beyond the nation-state that is essential for the rise of a global political system. Third, a global system of loosely coupled spheres of authority relies on ‘critical deference’ (reflexive authority) but also contains numerous elements of coercion. And fourth, a technocratic legitimation of intrusive international authorities cannot build on emotions or a sense of belonging. This deficit creates a political opportunity structure that allows for the rise of a myriad of dissenters. The relative importance of them depends on the availability of resources for mobilization and not on the quality of reasons for resistance.
Locating (new) materialist characters and processes in global governance
Authors: Leander Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis contribution probesA Theory of Global Governancefrom a materialist perspective. I focus on three forms of materialisms that have played a significant role in social theory as well as International Relations theory: the materialisms of markets, of artefacts, and of embodied affects. Integrating these materialisms serves to unsettle the conceptualization of global governance and of the politics of authority, legitimacy, and contestation underpinning it. A materialist perspective moves the theory of global governance towards a focus on processes instead of institutions, allowing it to capture both the multiple forms of global governance and their increasingly rapidly shifting forms. The contribution is anchored in a discussion of the global governance of cyber-security.
Global governance in the age of epistemic authority
Authors: Pouliot Vincent 
Published: December 2020

AbstractToday's global governance is qualitatively different from the past, according to Michael Zürn's penetrating analysis. With the rise of epistemic authority, reflexivity, service, and request have come to surpass command and control as key modes of global governance, leading to new forms of legitimation and contestation. I engage with this rich and thought-provoking argument on three counts. First, it remains doubtful that states defer to international organizations because the latter ‘know better’. There exist many gaps in epistemic authority and politics often trump rationality in global governance. Second, it is not clear how global hierarchy, which Zürn equates with ‘pockets of authority’, could emerge out of demands and requests, precisely because epistemic authority is so fluid and prone to contestation. Third, as historically young and increasingly based on service authority as it may be, contemporary global governance still rests on a body of inherited practices whose legitimation principles seem closer to tradition than to reflexive justification.
Rule and resistance in global governance
Authors: Deitelhoff Nicole , Daase Christopher 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA Theory of Global Governance is a long awaited book that finally theorizes the increasing authority of international institutions and the conflicts emerging from it. With its focus on reflexive deference as a basis for international authority it covers important elements of global governance but also leaves some critical blind spots regarding the forms of super- and subordination. In our engagement with Michael Zürn's book we propose to conceptualize international authority as a subcategory of international rule instead of its essence and to investigate various forms of rule by way of analyzing the resistance they provoke instead of institutionalized mandates.
Meditating deformalization: remarks on ‘Of experts, helpers, and enthusiasts’
Authors: Bueger Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMoving away from studying actors to studying practices opens a fascinating vista of global governance. Kratochwil provokes inquiry into the practical work actual people do in international relations. He helps to move beyond binaries by offering a pragmatic approach to global governance in a fragmented institutional environment. Yet, his criticism of best practices for their problems of applicability and perverse side-effects misses the existence of different kinds of best practices. Some of them have been highly successful, such as the ‘Best Management Practices to Deter Piracy in the Gulf of Aden and off the Coast of Somalia’. One should not underestimate the potential of practices in both advancing scientific knowledge and ‘real-world’ change.
3‐D Sedimentary Structures Beneath Southeastern Australia Constrained by Passive Seismic Array Data
Authors: Li Guoliang , Yang Yingjie , Niu Fenglin , Chen Min 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA high‐resolution sedimentary map of southeastern Australia is of great importance to explore natural resources as well as to evaluate seismic hazards. In this study, we build a 3‐D Vs model of the upper crust beneath southeastern Australia by jointly inverting Rayleigh wave phase velocity, ellipticity, and teleseismic P‐coda waves. At depths less than 3 km, sedimentary basins are revealed as prominent low‐velocity anomalies. The average sediment depth in the Murray Basin is ∼713 m with the maximum depth reaching 1,500 m, while, in the Sydney‐Gunnedah‐Bowen Basin (SGBB), the average sediment depth is 600 m with a maximum depth of ∼3,000 m. Vs of the sedimentary layer in the Murray Basin is lower than that in the SGBB, suggesting that the sediments in the Murray Basin are less consolidated compared with those in the SGBB. The unconsolidated sediments make the Murray Basin more vulnerable to seismic hazards. In the upper and middle crystalline crust, we image two low‐velocity zones: one beneath the Adelaide Fold Belt and the other beneath the Begargo Hill volcanic zone. The low‐velocity zone beneath the Adelaide Fold Belt is likely caused by high temperature and/or a weak granitic composition, which lead to the concentration of intraplate seismic activities in this area. The low‐velocity zone beneath the Begargo Hill Volcanic zone indicates that there exists magma in the upper to middle crust or the temperature there is still very high after the latest eruption.
Validation and Sensitivity Analysis of a 1‐D Lake Model Across Global Lakes
Authors: Guo Mingyang , Zhuang Qianlai , Yao Huaxia , Golub Malgorzata , Leung L. Ruby , Pierson Don , Tan Zeli 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLakes have important influence on weather and climate from local to global scales. However, their prediction using numerical models is notoriously difficult because lakes are highly heterogeneous across the globe, but observations are sparse. Here, we assessed the performance of a 1‐D lake model in simulating the thermal structures of 58 lakes with diverse morphometric and geographic characteristics by following the phase 2a local lake protocol of the Intersectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP2a). After calibration, the root‐mean‐square errors (RMSE) were below 2°C for 70% and 75% of the lakes for epilimnion and full‐profile temperature simulations, with an average of 1.71°C and 1.43°C, respectively. The model performance mainly depended on lake shape rather than location, supporting the possibility of grouping model parameters by lake shape for global applications. Furthermore, through machine‐learning based parameter sensitivity tests, we identified turbulent heat fluxes, wind‐driven mixing, and water transparency as the major processes controlling lake thermal and mixing regimes. Snow density was also important for modeling the ice phenology of high‐latitude lakes. The relative influence of the key processes and the corresponding parameters mainly depended on lake latitude and depth. Turbulent heat fluxes showed a decreasing importance in affecting epilimnion temperature with increasing latitude. Wind‐driven mixing was less influential to lake stratification for deeper lakes while the impact of light extinction, on the contrary, showed a positive correlation with lake depth. Our findings may guide improvements in 1‐D lake model parameterizations to achieve higher fidelity in simulating global lake thermal dynamics.
Experimental Simulation of Titan's Stratospheric Photochemistry: Benzene (C6H6) Ices
Authors: Mouzay J. , Couturier‐Tamburelli I. , Piétri N. , Chiavassa T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe performed laboratory experiments to study the photochemical evolution induced by long‐UV irradiation of benzene ices in Titan's atmosphere. The aim of this study was to investigate whether photo‐processed benzene ices could lead to the formation of aerosols analogs to those observed in Titan's stratosphere. Prior to that, spectroscopic properties of amorphous and crystalline benzene ices were studied as a function of temperature, using infrared spectroscopy. UV photolysis experiments (λ > 230 nm) of benzene ices led to the formation of volatile photo‐products, among which fulvene is identified, and of a residue dominated by νCH IR features, demonstrating that pure aromatic‐based polymeric structures are not sufficient to explain the composition of Titan's stratospheric haze layer. However, we provide a characterization of long‐UV‐induced benzene‐containing aerosol analogs, which will contribute to Titan's surface organics layer. These data are of prime interest in the context of the future Dragonfly space mission.
Removing Orbital Variations From Low Altitude Particle Data: Method and Application
Authors: Green J. C. , O’Brien T. P. , Claudepierre S. G. , Boyd A. J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParticle flux measurements from polar orbiting low altitude satellites provide a view of the near Earth radiation environment that is extremely valuable for science as well as space weather monitoring. Unlike, geosynchronous satellites that sample only a limited region of space (L = ∼6.6), these low altitude satellites sample the extended radiation environment (L = 1 to >10) at a relatively high time cadence (tens of minutes) that captures its global evolution. While these data are clearly useful, it is also challenging to work with because the particle flux measurements have large orbital variations related to the changing geographic location of the satellites. These orbital flux variations can sometimes obscure the time variations of interest for scientific study or space weather hazard awareness. Here, we describe and evaluate a method for removing these variations that is based on Statistical Asynchronous Regression. We demonstrate the utility and accuracy of the method by applying it to electron flux measurements from the NOAA POES and EUMetSat MetOp low altitude satellites.
Gender Bias in Pediatric Psychology
Authors: Simon Stacey L. , Clay Daniel , Chandrasekhar Jessica , Duncan Christina L. 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Gender bias exists in many professions, but little is known about gender bias in the field of pediatric psychology. Overt bias includes explicitly stated negative beliefs, whereas implicit bias is outside of conscious awareness and may be in opposition to one’s beliefs and values yet is highly prevalent. Method: Gender bias commonly occurring in health care disciplines are reviewed, discussed, and applied to the context of pediatric psychology. Results: Examples of gender bias in multiple domains, including patient care, clinical research, the workforce, leadership, compensation, and evaluation and training, are offered. Specific strategies for countering gender bias in pediatric psychology are reviewed. Conclusions: Future research on gender bias specific to pediatric psychology is recommended, and an ongoing dialogue within the pediatric psychology community is encouraged. Implications for Impact Statement This article provides examples of gender bias related to pediatric psychology and offers suggestions for reducing gender bias. It is important to have conversations about gender bias within the pediatric psychology community.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) membrane (M) protein inhibits type I and III interferon production by targeting RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling
Authors: Zheng Yi , Zhuang Meng-Wei , Han Lulu , Zhang Jing , Nan Mei-Ling , Zhan Peng , Kang Dongwei , Liu Xinyong , Gao Chengjiang , Wang Pei-Hui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread worldwide and has affected more than 10 million individuals. A typical feature of COVID-19 is the suppression of type I and III interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral immunity. However, the molecular mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 evades antiviral immunity remains elusive. Here, we reported that the SARS-CoV-2 membrane (M) protein inhibits the production of type I and III IFNs induced by the cytosolic dsRNA-sensing pathway mediated by RIG-I/MDA-5–MAVS signaling. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 M protein suppresses type I and III IFN induction stimulated by SeV infection or poly (I:C) transfection. Mechanistically, the SARS-CoV-2 M protein interacts with RIG-I, MAVS, and TBK1, thus preventing the formation of the multiprotein complex containing RIG-I, MAVS, TRAF3, and TBK1 and subsequently impeding the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and activation of IRF3. Consequently, ectopic expression of the SARS-CoV-2 M protein facilitates the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. Taken together, these results indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 M protein antagonizes type I and III IFN production by targeting RIG-I/MDA-5 signaling, which subsequently attenuates antiviral immunity and enhances viral replication. This study provides insight into the interpretation of SARS-CoV-2-induced antiviral immune suppression and illuminates the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19.
Presence of the neonatal Staphylococcus capitis outbreak clone (NRCS-A) in prosthetic joint infections
Authors: Tevell Staffan , Baig Sharmin , Hellmark Bengt , Martins Simoes Patricia , Wirth Thierry , Butin Marine , Nilsdotter-Augustinsson Åsa , Söderquist Bo , Stegger Marc 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStaphylococcus capitis is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus that has been described primarily as causing bloodstream infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), but has also recently been described in prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The multidrug-resistant S. capitis subsp. urealyticus clone NRCS-A, comprising three sublineages, is prevalent in NICUs across the world, but its impact on other patient groups such as those suffering from PJIs or among adults planned for arthroplasty is unknown. Genome sequencing and subsequent analysis were performed on a Swedish collection of PJI isolates (n = 21), nasal commensals from patients planned to undergo arthroplasty (n = 20), NICU blood isolates (n = 9), operating theatre air isolates (n = 4), and reference strains (n = 2), in conjunction with an international strain collection (n = 248). The NRCS-A Outbreak sublineage containing the composite type V SCCmec-SCCcad/ars/cop element was present in PJIs across three Swedish hospitals. However, it was not found among nasal carrier strains, where the less virulent S. capitis subsp. capitis was most prevalent. The presence of the NRCS-A Outbreak clone in adult patients with PJIs demonstrates that dissemination occurs beyond NICUs. As this clone has several properties which facilitate invasive infections in patients with medical implants or immunosuppression, such as biofilm forming ability and multidrug resistance including heterogeneous glycopeptide-intermediate susceptibility, further research is needed to understand the reservoirs and distribution of this hospital-associated pathogen.
In silico discovery of antigenic proteins and epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 for the development of a vaccine or a diagnostic approach for COVID-19
Authors: Can Hüseyin , Köseoğlu Ahmet Efe , Erkunt Alak Sedef , Güvendi Mervenur , Döşkaya Mert , Karakavuk Muhammet , Gürüz Adnan Yüksel , Ün Cemal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the genome of SARS-CoV-2, the 5′-terminus encodes a polyprotein, which is further cleaved into 15 non-structural proteins whereas the 3′ terminus encodes four structural proteins and eight accessory proteins. Among these 27 proteins, the present study aimed to discover likely antigenic proteins and epitopes to be used for the development of a vaccine or serodiagnostic assay using an in silico approach. For this purpose, after the full genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan isolate and variant proteins that are detected frequently, surface proteins including spike, envelope, and membrane proteins as well as proteins with signal peptide were determined as probable vaccine candidates whereas the remaining were considered as possible antigens to be used during the development of serodiagnostic assays. According to results obtained, among 27 proteins, 26 of them were predicted as probable antigen. In 26 proteins, spike protein was selected as the best vaccine candidate because of having a signal peptide, negative GRAVY value, one transmembrane helix, moderate aliphatic index, a big molecular weight, a long-estimated half-life, beta wrap motifs as well as having stable, soluble and non-allergic features. In addition, orf7a, orf8, and nsp-10 proteins with signal peptide were considered as potential vaccine candidates. Nucleocapsid protein and a highly antigenic GGDGKMKD epitope were identified as ideal antigens to be used in the development of serodiagnostic assays. Moreover, considering MHC-I alleles, highly antigenic KLNDLCFTNV and ITLCFTLKRK epitopes can be used to develop an epitope-based peptide vaccine.
Multi‐focus image fusion evaluation based on jointly sparse representation and atom focus measure
Authors: Hu Yanxiang , Zhang Bo , Zhang Juntong , Gao Qian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMulti‐focus image fusion (MFIF) tries to combine images with different in‐focus regions and get a composite image that is in focus everywhere. Although many new MFIF algorithms based on various new representation models have been proposed in recent years, the performance evaluation of MFIF is still a challenging issue. In this study, a novel MFIF objective evaluation metric based on jointly sparse representation and atom focus measure is proposed. It not only provides a more reliable alternative for MFIF quality measurement but also supplies a unique MFIF performance analysis method at the same time. In the measurement, the sources and their fusion results are decomposed jointly sparse with an over‐complete learning dictionary to extract the atom remnants of the source images. Meanwhile, in order to emphasise the fusion effect of in‐focus atoms, the sum‐modified‐Laplacian model is used to measure the atom focus degree. Then, the atom remnants weighted by their focus measures are used to measure MFIF quality. In the experiments, nine recently proposed fusion algorithms were tested to contrast the proposed metrics with other four widely used objective metrics. The experimental results demonstrated the rationality and accuracy of our method. Moreover, it was also proved quantificationally that the fusion degree of atoms is directly related to their in‐focus degree, the high in‐focus degree atoms usually have poor fusion effect.
A guaranteed collision‐free trajectory planning method for autonomous parking
Authors: Zhang Zhiming , Lu Shan , Xie Lei , Su Hongye , Li Dongliu , Wang Qibing , Xu Weihua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlanning a feasible, and safe trajectory is a crucial procedure for autonomous parking which remains to be fully solved. Generally, a trajectory is depicted by a sequence of configurations which include positions, and orientations. However, existing approaches usually design parking trajectories without considering the evolution from one configuration to the next. Hence, these trajectories are practically infeasible in some scenarios, and safety risks may exist. In this paper, a guaranteed collision‐free trajectory planning method is proposed for autonomous parking. A dynamic optimisation problem is built, which includes vehicle kinematics, collision avoidance constraints, and physical restraints. Then the dynamic optimisation problem is discretised into a finite‐dimensional nonlinear programming problem. To describe collision avoidance constraints, the concepts of the virtual protection frame, and the magnification parameter are introduced. It is highlighted that a novel collision detection criterion is raised from the view of geometry. Tests in three common scenarios, and a complex scenario illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Moreover, the stability of the algorithm is discussed in this paper. Via the proposed approach, an integrated design of planning, and control is possible.