bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental Finding of Endobronchial Metastasis by 18F-FDG PET/CT Leads to Change in Management in a Patient With Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fabritius Matthias P. , Holzgreve Adrien , Knösel Thomas , Tiling Reinhold , Rübenthaler Johannes 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A 58-year-old man with history of resected rectal adenocarcinoma and synchronous unifocal pulmonary metastasis showed a solitary pulmonary relapse in follow-up CT after 3 years of complete remission. Resection was planned. Preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT detected a high focal 18F-FDG uptake in the left main bronchus. Bronchoscopy showed a papillary endobronchial lesion that was biopsied. Histology confirmed distant colorectal metastasis. The initial treatment plan changed, and the recommendation for systemic therapy was made by a multidisciplinary oncology team. Endobronchial metastases are rare and difficult to detect in conventional CT. PET/CT is useful to uncover endobronchial metastasis, which may change patient management.
18F-FDG PET/CT of Double Expressor High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma in an Isolated Chest Wall Mass
Authors: Sharma Punit 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

18F-FDG PET/CT is now an integral part of management of high-grade B-cell lymphoma. It is used for staging, response evaluation, restaging, and surveillance. Although high-grade B-cell lymphoma most commonly presents with involvement of the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow, chest wall involvement is very rare. We present the staging 18F-FDG PET/CT findings in a case of an 82-year-old woman with double expressor high-grade B-cell lymphoma of isolated presternal anterior chest wall mass.
Recurrent Brain Metastasis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer With High Uptake in 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT
Authors: Arslan Esra , Ergül Nurhan , Karagöz Yeşim , Gedik Arzu Algün , Çermik Tevfik Fikret 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by poor prognosis and limited response to standard treatments. Although 18F-FDG PET/CT is frequently used in staging and restaging, in some cases, it may be insufficient considering tumor heterogeneity. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been reported to be overexpressed in many types of cancer due to tumor-associated neovascularization. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT can be used to demonstrate radionuclide therapy option as well as detection of primary tumor and recurrence in TNBC. We present a 47-year-old woman with TNBC having recurrent brain metastasis with avid PSMA receptor activity versus low FDG uptake.
Sentinel Node Biopsy Alone or With Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer Patients After Primary Chemotherapy: Long-Term Results of a Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Martelli Gabriele , Barretta Francesco , Miceli Rosalba , Folli Secondo , Maugeri Ilaria , Listorti Chiara , Scaperrotta Gianfranco , Baili Paolo , Pruneri Giancarlo , Capri Giuseppe , Ferraris Cristina 
Published: October 2020

Objective:To ascertain, in cN0/1 breast cancer patients given primary chemotherapy followed by sentinel node biopsy (SNB), whether SNB alone is adequate axillary treatment if the sentinel nodes (SNs) are clear (pN0).Summary Background Data:2020 guidelines do not recommend SNB in most cN1 patients with clear SNs after primary chemotherapy because the high SNB false negative rate might lead to poorer outcomes.Methods:We prospectively assigned SNB after primary chemotherapy to 353 consecutive cT2 cN0/1 patients, median age 47 years (range 22-76) treated from 2007 to 2015. If the SNs were pN0, patients generally received no further axillary treatment (SNB only); if the SNs were pN1, completion axillary dissection (AD) (SNB + AD) was usually performed. Primary outcomes were overall (OS) and disease-free (DFS) survival in SNB only versus SNB + AD patients, assessed by Kaplan-Meier and compared using log-rank test, with use of propensity scores to account for bias due to nonrandom assignment to SNB versus SNB + AD.Results:Median follow-up was 108 months, interquartile range 66 to 136. OS and DFS did not differ significantly between the groups by propensity score- weighted comparison: 10-year OS 89% [95% confidence interval (CI): 81%- 99%] in SNB only patients versus 86% (95%CI: 78%–95%) in SNB + AD patients; 10-year DFS 79% (95%CI: 68%–92%) versus 69% (95%CI: 58%–81%). No SNB-only patient developed axillary failure.Conclusions:cT2 cN0/1 patients whose SNs are disease-free (pN0) after primary chemotherapy can be offered SNB (with no further axillary treatment if the SNs are negative), irrespective of axillary status beforehand, without affecting OS or DFS.
Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Allogeneic Liver Transplantation: A Role of CD4 T Cells in Early Allograft Injury
Authors: Kageyama Shoichi , Kadono Kentaro , Hirao Hirofumi , Nakamura Kojiro , Ito Takahiro , Gjertson David W. , Sosa Rebecca A. , Reed Elaine F. , Kaldas Fady M. , Busuttil Ronald W. , Kupiec-Weglinski Jerzy W. , Zhai Yuan 
Published: October 2020

Background.
A major discrepancy between clinical and most experimental settings of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the allogenicity.

Methods.
In the current study, we first established a murine model of allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation with extended cold ischemia time (18 h). Roles of CD4 T cells in the pathogenesis of IRI in liver allografts were determined using a depleting anti-CD4 antibody. The clinical relevance of CD4 as a marker of liver IRI was analyzed retrospectively in 55 liver transplant patients.

Results.
CD4 depletion in both donors and recipients resulted in the most effective protection of liver allografts from IRI, as measured by serum transaminase levels and liver histology. CD4 depletion inhibited IR-induced intragraft neutrophil/macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory gene expressions. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of human liver biopsies (2 h postreperfusion) revealed that posttransplant, rather than pretransplant, CD4 transcript levels correlated positively with proinflammatory gene expression profile. When we divided patients into subgroups according to intragraft CD4 levels, the high CD4 cohort developed a more severe hepatocellular damage than that with low CD4 levels.

Conclusions.
CD4 T cells play a key pathogenic role in IRI of allogeneic liver transplants, and intragraft CD4 levels in the early postreperfusion phase may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target to ameliorate liver IRI and improve orthotopic liver transplantation outcomes.
Adhaeribacter arboris sp. nov., and Adhaeribacter pallidiroseus sp. nov., novel bacteria isolated from birch tree (Betula platyphylla)
Authors: Kang Heeyoung , Kim Haneul , Cha Inseong , Joh Kiseong 
Published: October 2020

Two Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated as HMF7605T and HMF7616T, were isolated from birch tree, in Yong-in, Republic of Korea. Strains HMF7605T and HMF7616T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.9 and 97.5 % to

Adhaeribacter swui

17mud1-7T, 97.9 % between themselves. The values of average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization between strains HMF7605T and HMF7616T were 77.6 and 22.0 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains revealed that they belonged to the genus

Adhaeribacter

within the family

Hymenobacteraceae

. The predominant fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c), C16 : 1
ω5c and summed feature 4 (comprising iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B). The both strains contained menaquinone-7 as the only isoprenoid quinone. The major polar lipid profiles of the two strains were similar with phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminophosphoglycolipid, one unidentified glycolipid and three unidentified polar lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains HMF7605T and HMF7616T were 42.0 and 42.8 mol%, respectively. Based on the results of the phenotypic, genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic investigation, two novel species, Adhaeribacter arboris sp. nov. and Adhaeribacter pallidiroseus sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are HMF7605T (=KCTC 62465T=NBRC 113228T) and HMF7616T (=KCTC 62466T=NBRC 113229T), respectively.
Quantitative assessment on the severity degree of Alzheimer dementia by algebraic analysis on cortical thickness profiles of human brains
Authors: Kim Sangyeol , Park Seongjun , Chang Iksoo ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlzheimer disease(AD) affects profoundly the quality of human life. Quantifying the severity degree of Alzheimer dementia for an individual person is critical for the early diagnose and prescription for delaying the further dementia progression. However, the quantitative diagnose for human subjects of the mild cognitively impairment(MCI) or AD with the different degree of dementia severity is a difficult task due to both the very broad distribution of dementia severities and the lack of good quantitative determinant to assess it. Here, based on cortical thickness profiles of human brains measured by magnetic resonance experiment, a new algebraic approach is presented for the personalized quantification of the severity degree of AD, ranging from 0 for the basin of cognitively normal state to 1 for AD state. Now one can unfold the broad distribution of dementia severities and corresponding cortex regions of human brains with MCI or AD by the different severity degree.
CoViD-19, learning from the past: A wavelet and cross-correlation analysis of the epidemic dynamics looking to emergency calls and Twitter trends in Italian Lombardy region
Authors: Rivieccio Bruno Alessandro , Micheletti Alessandra , Maffeo Manuel , Zignani Matteo , Comunian Alessandro , Nicolussi Federica , Salini Silvia , Manzi Giancarlo , Auxilia Francesco , Giudici Mauro , Naldi Giovanni , Gaito Sabrina , Castaldi Silvana , Biganzoli Elia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe first case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Italy was detected on February the 20th in Lombardy region. Since that date, Lombardy has been the most affected Italian region by the epidemic, and its healthcare system underwent a severe overload during the outbreak. From a public health point of view, therefore, it is fundamental to provide healthcare services with tools that can reveal possible new health system stress periods with a certain time anticipation, which is the main aim of the present study. Moreover, the sequence of law decrees to face the epidemic and the large amount of news generated in the population feelings of anxiety and suspicion. Considering this whole complex context, it is easily understandable how people “overcrowded” social media with messages dealing with the pandemic, and emergency numbers were overwhelmed by the calls. Thus, in order to find potential predictors of possible new health system overloads, we analysed data both from Twitter and emergency services comparing them to the daily infected time series at a regional level. Particularly, we performed a wavelet analysis in the time-frequency plane, to finely discriminate over time the anticipation capability of the considered potential predictors. In addition, a cross-correlation analysis has been performed to find a synthetic indicator of the time delay between the predictor and the infected time series. Our results show that Twitter data are more related to social and political dynamics, while the emergency calls trends can be further evaluated as a powerful tool to potentially forecast new stress periods. Since we analysed aggregated regional data, and taking into account also the huge geographical heterogeneity of the epidemic spread, a future perspective would be to conduct the same analysis on a more local basis.
How to remove the testing bias in CoV-2 statistics
Authors: Wälde Klaus 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUNDPublic health measures and private behaviour are based on reported numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Some argue that testing influences the confirmed number of infections.OBJECTIVES/METHODSDo time series on reported infections and the number of tests allow one to draw conclusions about actual infection numbers? A SIR model is presented where the true numbers of susceptible, infectious and removed individuals are unobserved. Testing is also modelled.RESULTSOfficial confirmed infection numbers are likely to be biased and cannot be compared over time. The bias occurs because of different reasons for testing (e.g. by symptoms, representative or testing travellers). The paper illustrates the bias and works out the effect of the number of tests on the number of reported cases. The paper also shows that the positive rate (the ratio of positive tests to the total number of tests) is uninformative in the presence of non-representative testing.CONCLUSIONSA severity index for epidemics is proposed that is comparable over time. This index is based on Covid-19 cases and can be obtained if the reason for testing is known.
The effect of influenza vaccination on trained immunity: impact on COVID-19
Authors: Debisarun Priya A. , Struycken Patrick , Domínguez-Andrés Jorge , Moorlag Simone J.C.F.M. , Taks Esther , Gössling Katharina L. , Ostermann Philipp N. , Müller Lisa , Schaal Heiner , Oever Jaap ten , van Crevel Reinout , Netea Mihai G. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTEvery year, influenza causes 290.000 to 650.000 deaths worldwide and vaccination is encouraged to prevent infection in high-risk individuals. Interestingly, cross-protective effects of vaccination against heterologous infections have been reported, and long-term boosting of innate immunity (also termed trained immunity) has been proposed as the underlying mechanism. Several epidemiological studies also suggested cross-protection between influenza vaccination and COVID-19 during the current pandemic. However, the mechanism behind such an effect is unknown. Using an established in-vitro model of trained immunity, we demonstrate that the quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine used in the Netherlands in the 2019-2020 influenza season can induce a trained immunity response, including an improvement of cytokine responses after stimulation of human immune cells with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection was less common among Dutch hospital employees who had received influenza vaccination during the 2019/2020 winter season (RR = 0,61 (95% CI, 0.4585 - 0.8195, P = 0.001). In conclusion, a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine can induce trained immunity responses against SARS-CoV-2, which may result in relative protection against COVID-19. These data, coupled with similar recent independent reports, argue for a beneficial effect of influenza vaccination against influenza as well as COVID-19, and suggests its effective deployment in the 2020-2021 influenza season to protect against both infections.
Collection of 2429 constrained headshots of 277 volunteers for deep learning
Authors: Aoto Saki , Hangai Mayumi , Ueno-Yokohata Hitomi , Ueda Aki , Igarashi Maki , Ito Yoshikazu , Tsukamoto Motoko , Jinno Tomoko , Sakamoto Mika , Okazaki Yuka , Hasegawa Fuyuki , Ogata-Kawata Hiroko , Namura Saki , Kojima Kazuaki , Kikuya Masao , Matsubara Keiko , Taniguchi Kosuke , Okamura Kohji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeep learning has rapidly been filtrating many aspects of human lives. In particular, image recognition by convolutional neural networks has inspired numerous studies in this area. Hardware and software technologies as well as large quantities of data have contributed to the drastic development of the field. However, the application of deep learning is often hindered by the need for big data and the laborious manual annotation thereof. To experience deep learning using the data compiled by us, we collected 2429 constrained headshot images of 277 volunteers. The collection of face photographs is challenging in terms of protecting personal information; we established an online procedure in which both the informed consent and image data could be obtained. We did not collect personal information, but issued agreement numbers to deal with withdrawal requests. Gender and smile labels were manually and subjectively annotated only from the appearances, and final labels were determined by majority among our team members. Rotated, trimmed, resolution-reduced, decolorized, and matrix-formed data were allowed to be publicly released. Moreover, simplified feature vectors for data sciences were released. We performed gender recognition by building convolutional neural networks based on the Inception V3 model with pre-trained ImageNet data to demonstrate the usefulness of our dataset.
Neurophysiological coding of statistical and deterministic rule information
Authors: Takács Ádám , Kóbor Andrea , Kardos Zsófia , Janacsek Karolina , Horváth Kata , Beste Christian , Németh Dezső 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHumans are capable of acquiring multiple types of information presented in the same visual information stream. It has been suggested that at least two parallel learning processes are important during learning of sequential patterns – statistical learning and rule-based learning. Yet, the neurophysiological underpinnings of these parallel learning mechanisms in visual sequences are not fully understood. To differentiate between the simultaneous mechanisms at the single trial level, we apply a temporal EEG signal decomposition approach together with sLORETA source localization method to delineate whether distinct statistical and rule-based learning codes can be distinguished in EEG data and can be related to distinct functional neuroanatomical structures. We demonstrate that concomitant but distinct aspects of information coded in the N2 time window play a role in these mechanisms: mismatch detection and response control underlie statistical learning and rule-based learning, respectively, albeit with different levels of time-sensitivity. Moreover, the effects of the two learning mechanisms in the different temporally decomposed clusters of neural activity also differed from each other in neural sources. Importantly, the right inferior frontal cortex (BA44) was specifically implicated in statistical learning, confirming its role in the acquisition of transitional probabilities. In contrast, rule-based learning was associated with the prefrontal gyrus (BA6). The results show how simultaneous learning mechanisms operate at the neurophysiological level and are orchestrated by distinct prefrontal cortical areas. The current findings deepen our understanding on the mechanisms how humans are capable of learning multiple types of information from the same stimulus stream in a parallel fashion.
Somatosensory evoked potentials, indexing lateral inhibition, are modulated according to the mode of perceptual processing: comparing or combining multi-digit tactile motion
Authors: Arslanova Irena , Wang Keying , Gomi Hiroaki , Haggard Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany perceptual studies focus on the brain’s capacity to discriminate between stimuli. However, our normal experience of the world also involves integrating multiple stimuli into a single perceptual event. Neural circuit mechanisms such as lateral inhibition are believed to enhance local differences between sensory inputs from nearby regions of the receptor surface. However, this mechanism would seem dysfunctional when sensory inputs need to be combined rather than contrasted. Here, we investigated whether the brain canstrategicallyregulate the strength of suppressive interactions that underlie lateral inhibition between finger representations in human somatosensory processing. To do this, we compared sensory processing between conditions that required either comparing or combining information. We delivered two simultaneous tactile motion trajectories to index and middle fingertips of the right hand. Participants had to either compare the directions of the two stimuli, or to combine them to form their average direction. To reveal preparatory tuning of somatosensory cortex, we used an established event-related potential design to measure the interaction between cortical representations evoked by digital nerve shocks immediately before each tactile stimulus. Consistent with previous studies, we found a clear suppressive interaction between cortical activations when participants were instructed to compare the tactile motion directions. Importantly, this suppressive interaction was significantly reduced when participants had to combine the same stimuli. These findings suggest that the brain can strategically switch between a comparative and a combinative mode of somatosensory processing, according to the perceptual goal, by preparatorily adjusting the strength of a process akin to lateral inhibition.
Beta-cell specificInsrdeletion promotes insulin hypersecretion and improves glucose tolerance prior to global insulin resistance
Authors: Skovsø Søs , Panzhinskiy Evgeniy , Kolic Jelena , Cen Haoning Howard , Dionne Derek A. , Dai Xiao-Qing , Sharma Rohit B. , Elghazi Lynda , Ellis Cara E. , Faulkner Katharine , Marcil Stephanie A.M. , Overby Peter , Noursadeghi Nilou , Hutchinson Daria , Hu Xiaoke , Li Hong , Modi Honey , Wildi Jennifer S. , Botezelli J. Diego , Noh Hye Lim , Suk Sujin , Gablaski Brian , Bautista Austin , Kim Ryekjang , Cras-Méneur Corentin , Flibotte Stephane , Sinha Sunita , Luciani Dan S. , Nislow Corey , Rideout Elizabeth J. , Cytrynbaum Eric N. , Kim Jason K. , Bernal-Mizrachi Ernesto , Alonso Laura C. , MacDonald Patrick E. , Johnson James D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInsulin receptor (Insr) protein can be found at higher levels in pancreatic β-cells than in most other tissues, but the consequences of β-cell insulin resistance remain enigmatic.Ins1creallele was used to deleteInsrspecifically in β-cells of both female and male mice. Experimental mice were compared toIns1cre-containing littermate controls at multiple ages and on multiple diets. RNA-seq of purified recombined β-cells revealed transcriptomic consequences ofInsrloss, which differed between female and male mice. Action potential and calcium oscillation frequencies were increased inInsrknockout β- cells from female, but not male mice, whereas only male βInsrKOmice had reduced ATP-coupled oxygen consumption rate and reduced expression of genes involved in ATP synthesis. Female βInsrKOand βInsrHETmice exhibited elevated insulin release in perifusion experiments, during hyperglycemic clamps, and followingi.p.glucose challenge. Deletion ofInsrdid not alter β-cell area up to 9 months of age, nor did it impair hyperglycemia-induced proliferation. Based on our data, we adapted a mathematical model to include β-cell insulin resistance, which predicted that β-cellInsrknockout would improve glucose tolerance depending on the degree of whole-body insulin resistance. Indeed, glucose tolerance was significantly improved in female βInsrKOand βInsrHETmice when compared to controls at 9, 21 and 39 weeks, and also in insulin-sensitive 4-week old males. We did not observe improved glucose tolerance in older male mice or in high fat diet-fed mice, corroborating the prediction that global insulin resistance obscures the effects of β-cell specific insulin resistance. The propensity for hyperinsulinemia was associated with mildly reduced fasting glucose and increased body weight. We further validated our mainin vivofindings using theIns1-CreERT transgenic line and found that male mice had improved glucose tolerance 4 weeks after tamoxifen-mediatedInsrdeletion. Collectively, our data show that loss of β-cellInsrcontributes to glucose-induced hyperinsulinemia, thereby improving glucose homeostasis in otherwise insulin sensitive dietary and age contexts.