bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of characteristic starch properties of wheat varieties used to commercially produce dried noodles
Authors: Jiang Zongyuan , Liu Qingjing , Zhou Xiaoling , Li Xianghong , Wang Faxiang , Liu Yongle 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe starch physicochemical properties of wheat varieties used to commercially produce dried noodles were studied. Scanning electron microscopy and laser microparticle size analyser were used to observe the starch particles; the polymorphism of the waxy (Wx) protein of each wheat variety was also studied. The correlation analysis among commonalities of the starch physicochemical properties and noodle textural properties was performed. Results indicated that the amylose contents of the noodle wheat varieties ranged from 17.8% to 21.7%. There was a significant, positive correlation between the thermodynamic temperature of starch and the volume distribution of particle size. The correlation between the volume distribution of B‐type starch granules and noodle springiness was significant, which means that volume distribution of starch particle size could be used as one of the indicators to evaluate the springiness of noodles. Molecular polymorphism identification of Wx protein was also useful to select desirable noodle wheat variety. The results of this study provide useful information for wheat breeding works and wheat variety selection of noodle‐making company.
Obese men undergoing radical prostatectomy: Is robotic or retropubic better to limit positive surgical margins? Results from SEARCH
Authors: Nik‐Ahd Farnoosh , Howard Lauren E , Aronson William J , Terris Martha K , Klaassen Zachary , Cooperberg Matthew R , Amling Christopher L , Kane Christopher J , Freedland Stephen J 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between obesity and positive surgical margins in patients undergoing retropubic radical prostatectomy versus robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 3141 men undergoing retropubic radical prostatectomy and 1625 undergoing robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy between 1988 and 2017 at eight Veterans Health Administration hospitals. The positive surgical margin location (peripheral, apical, bladder neck, overall) was determined from pathology reports. We adjusted for age, race, prostate‐specific antigen, surgery year, prostate weight, pathological grade group, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, hospital surgical volume and surgical method (in analyses not stratified by surgical method). Interactions between body mass index and surgical approach were tested.ResultsAmong all patients, higher body mass index was associated with increased odds of overall, peripheral and apical positive surgical margins (OR 1.02–1.03, P ≤ 0.02). Although not statistically significant, there was a trend between higher body mass index and increased odds of bladder neck positive surgical margins (OR 1.03, P = 0.09). Interactions between body mass index and surgical method were significant for peripheral positive surgical margins only (P = 0.024). Specifically, there was an association between body mass index and peripheral positive surgical margins among men undergoing retropubic radical prostatectomy (OR 1.04, P < 0.001), but not robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (OR 1.00, P = 0.98). Limitations include lacking individual surgeon data and lacking central pathology review.ConclusionsIn this multicenter cohort, higher body mass index was associated with increased odds of positive surgical margins at all locations except the bladder neck. Furthermore, there was a significant association between obesity and peripheral positive surgical margins in men undergoing retropubic radical prostatectomy, but not robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Long‐term clinical significance requires further study.
Targeting metabolism to reverse T‐cell exhaustion in chronic viral infections
Authors: Sears John D. , Waldron Kevin J. , Wei Jian , Chang Chih‐Hao 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCD8 T‐cells are an essential component of the adaptive immune response accountable for the clearance of virus‐infected cells via cytotoxic effector functions. Maintaining a specific metabolic profile is necessary for these T‐cells to sustain their effector functions and clear pathogens. When CD8 T‐cells are activated via T‐cell receptor recognition of viral antigen, they transition from a naïve to an effector state and eventually to a memory phenotype, and their metabolic profiles shift as the cells differentiate to accomidate different metabolic demands. However, in the context of particular chronic viral infections (CVIs), CD8 T‐cells can become metabolically dysfunctional in a state known as T‐cell exhaustion. In this state, CD8 T‐cells exhibit reduced effector functions and are unable to properly control pathogens. Clearing these chronic infections becomes progressively difficult as increasing numbers of the effector T‐cells become exhausted. Hence, reversal of this dysfunctional metabolic phenotype is vital when considering potential treatments of these infections and offers the opportunity for novel strategies for the development of therapies against CVIs. In this review we explore research implicating alteration of the metabolic state as a means to reverse CD8 T‐cell exhaustion in CVIs. These findings indicate that strategies targeting dysfunctional CD8 T‐cell metabolism could prove to be a promising option for successfully treating CVIs.
Environmental heterogeneity dynamics drive plant diversity on oceanic islands
Authors: Barajas‐Barbosa Martha Paola , Weigelt Patrick , Borregaard Michael Krabbe , Keppel Gunnar , Kreft Holger 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe General Dynamic Model (GDM) links island biogeographical processes to island geological history. A key premise of the GDM implies that environmental factors shaping the ecology and evolution of biota on oceanic islands follow a hump‐shaped trend over the island's life span and drive dynamics in carrying capacity, species diversity and endemism. An important component of the GDM is environmental heterogeneity (EH), but its effects on insular diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we first quantified EH, tested whether EH follows the expected hump‐shaped trend along island ontogeny and evaluated how EH relates to plant diversity.Location135 oceanic islands of volcanic origin.TaxonVascular plants.MethodsWe calculated 20 EH metrics focusing on topographic and climatic components of EH, and compared whole‐island metrics (e.g. range) and moving‐window metrics (e.g. roughness). Using linear mixed‐effects models, we evaluated the trends of EH with island age and the EH–plant diversity relationship expected based on the GDM.ResultsOur analysis revealed some EH components to be collinear, for example, elevation and temperature heterogeneity but also that EH metrics capture different aspects of EH, for example, climatic gradients versus climatic complexity. EH generally followed a hump‐shaped trend with island age, peaking early during island ontogeny. Among the EH components, climatic heterogeneity had the strongest effect on plant species richness and elevational heterogeneity on endemism. Lastly, including EH metrics in GDMs (traditionally, only island age and area were included) improved their predictive power.Main conclusionsThe EH metrics compared here captured various attributes of the environment that influence insular plant diversity. In line with the GDM, our results strongly support a hump‐shaped relationship between EH and island age, suggesting that islands become highly heterogeneous early in their ontogeny. Finally, the contribution of EH to GDM‐based models of species richness and endemism suggests that EH is a main driver of the diversity of oceanic island biotas.
Gene expression profile of adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules during early stages of skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Ceafalan Laura C. , Dobre Maria , Milanesi Elena , Niculae Andrei M. , Manole Emilia , Gherghiceanu Mihaela , Hinescu Mihail E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSkeletal muscle regeneration implies the coordination of myogenesis with the recruitment of myeloid cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. Currently, there are no specific biomarkers to diagnose the severity and prognosis of muscle lesions. In order to investigate the gene expression profile of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules, as premises of homo‐ or heterocellular cooperation and milestones for skeletal muscle regeneration, we performed a gene expression analysis for genes involved in cellular cooperation, migration and ECM remodelling in a mouse model of acute crush injury. The results obtained at two early time‐points post‐injury were compared to a GSE5413 data set from two other trauma models. Third day post‐injury, when inflammatory cells invaded, genes associated with cell‐matrix interactions and migration were up‐regulated. After day 5, as myoblast migration and differentiation started, genes for basement membrane constituents were found down‐regulated, whereas genes for ECM molecules, macrophage, myoblast adhesion, and migration receptors were up‐regulated. However, the profile and the induction time varied according to the experimental model, with only few genes being constantly up‐regulated. Gene up‐regulation was higher, delayed and more diverse following more severe trauma. Moreover, one of the most up‐regulated genes was periostin, suggestive for severe muscle damage and unfavourable architecture restoration.
Corilagin suppresses RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and inhibits oestrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss via the NF‐κB and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways
Authors: Lu Jinwei , Ye Chenyi , Huang Yanyong , Huang Donghui , Tang Lan , Hou Weiduo , Kuang Zhihui , Chen Yazhou , Xiao Shining , Yishake Mumingjiang , He Rongxin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver‐activated osteoclastogenesis, which is initiated by inflammation, has been implicated in osteoporosis. Corilagin, a natural compound extracted from various medicinal herbaceous plants, such as Cinnamomum cassia, has antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. We found that Corilagin suppressed osteoclast differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner, significantly decreased osteoclast‐related gene expression and impaired bone resorption by osteoclasts. Moreover, phosphorylation of members of the nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways was reduced by Corilagin. In a murine model of osteoporosis, Corilagin inhibited osteoclast functions in vivo and restored oestrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss. In conclusion, our findings suggested that Corilagin inhibited osteoclastogenesis by down‐regulating the NF‐κB and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways, thus showing its potential possibility for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Maternal and paternal histories differentially influence risks for diabetes, insulin secretion and insulin resistance in a Chinese population
Authors: Kong Xiaomu , Yang Zhaojun , Zhang Bo , Chen Xiaoping , Yu Liping , Zhu Haiqing , Xing Xiaoyan , Yang Wenying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the differential effects of maternal versus paternal history of diabetes on the risks for diabetes and prediabetes, as well as on insulin secretion and resistance in Chinese individuals.Materials and MethodsFrom the 2007 to 2008 China National Diabetes and Metabolism Disorders Study, 39,244 participants were included and divided into four categories: negative parental history, paternal history only (PH), maternal history only (MH), and both paternal and maternal history.ResultsThe age‐ and sex‐standardized prevalence rates of diabetes in the negative parental history, PH, MH, and both paternal and maternal history groups were 8.59, 12.56, 15.86 and 29.81%, respectively. The prevalence rates of impaired glucose metabolism were 24.13, 25.41, 31.13 and 50.80%, with the prevalence in the MH group being significantly higher than that in the PH group. Compared with that in the FH0 group, the risks of diabetes in the PH, MH, and both paternal and maternal history groups were 2.01‐, 2.67‐ and 6.37‐fold greater, and the risks of impaired glucose metabolism were 1.28‐, 1.65‐ and 3.45‐fold greater. In addition, MH had a significantly greater impact on impaired glucose metabolism than PH (PMHvsPH = 0.0292). Regression analyses suggested MH was associated with homeostatic model assessment for β‐cell function (β[SE] = −0.0910[0.0334], P = 0.0065), insulinogenic index (−0.1866[0.0550], P = 0.0007), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (0.0662[0.0227], P = 0.0036) and Matsuda Index [−0.0716(0.0203), P = 0.0004]. PH was specifically associated with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (0.1343[0.0267], P < 0.0001) and Matsuda Index (−0.1566[0.0243], P < 0.0001), but the effects were stronger than those of MH (PMHvsPH = 0.0431, 0.0054).ConclusionsMH and PH differentially influence the risks for diabetes, insulin secretion, and insulin resistance in the Chinese population, suggesting they participate in the pathogenesis of diabetes through different mechanisms.
Photosynthetic Sponge‐associated Eukaryotes in the Aegean Sea: A Culture‐dependent Approach
Authors: Konstantinou Despoina , Kakakiou Rafaela V. , Panteris Emmanuel , Voultsiadou Eleni , Gkelis Spyros 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSymbioses between sponges and photosynthetic organisms are very diverse regarding the taxonomy and biogeography of both hosts and symbionts; to date, most research has focused on the exploration of bacterial diversity. The present study aims to characterize the culturable diversity of photosynthetic eukaryotes associated with sponges in the Aegean Sea, on which no information exists. Five microalgae strains were isolated from marine sponges; the strains were characterized by morphological features, and the 18S rRNA, 18S‐28S Internal Transcribed Spacer, and ribulose‐bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (rbcL) sequences. Our polyphasic approach showed that the strains belonged to the green‐alga Acrochaete leptochaete, the diatom Nanofrustulum cf. shiloi, the rhodophyte Acrochaetium spongicola, and the chlorachniophyte Lotharella oceanica. A. leptochaete is reported for the first time in sponges, even though green algae are known to be associated with sponges. Nanofrustulum shiloi was found in association with the sponges Agelas oroides and Chondrilla nucula, whereas information existed only for its association with the species Aplysina aerophoba. Acrochaetium spongicola was found for the first time in association with sponges in the eastern Mediterranean. Moreover, we report herein for the first time a sponge–chlorarachniophycean association. Our research revealed new diversity of microalgae associated with sponges and added new records of sponge species, previously unknown for their association with microalgae.
Impact of an 8‐Year Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on an Index of Multimorbidity
Authors: Espeland Mark A. , Gaussoin Sarah A. , Bahnson Judy , Vaughan Elizabeth M. , Knowler William C. , Simpson Felicia R. , Hazuda Helen P. , Johnson Karen C. , Munshi Medha N. , Coday Mace , Pi‐Sunyer Xavier 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESType 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity are sometimes described as conditions that accelerate aging. Multidomain lifestyle interventions have shown promise to slow the accumulation of age‐related diseases, a hallmark of aging. However, they have not been assessed among at‐risk individuals with these two conditions. We examined the relative impact of 8 years of a multidomain lifestyle intervention on an index of multimorbidity.DESIGNRandomized controlled clinical trial comparing an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) that targeted weight loss through caloric restriction and increased physical activity with a control condition of diabetes support and education (DSE).SETTINGSixteen U.S. academic centers.PARTICIPANTSA total of 5,145 volunteers, aged 45 to 76, with established type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight or obesity who met eligibility criteria for a randomized controlled clinical trial.MEASUREMENTSA multimorbidity index that included nine age‐related chronic diseases and death was tracked over 8 years of intervention delivery.RESULTSAmong individuals assigned to DSE, the multimorbidity index scores increased by an average of .98 (95% confidence interval [CI] = .94–1.02) over 8 years, compared with .89 (95% CI = .85–.93) among those in the multidomain ILI, which was a 9% difference (P = .003). Relative intervention effects were similar among individuals grouped by baseline body mass index, age, and sex, and they were greater for those with lower levels of multimorbidity index scores at baseline.CONCLUSIONSIncreases in multimorbidity over time among adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus may be slowed by multidomain ILI. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2249–2256, 2020.
Toward a dissection of β‐Amyloid localized effects on glutamatergic hippocampal repertoire
Authors: Méndez J. Alfredo , Ortega Arturo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHippocampal excitatory glutamatergic transmission is critically involved in cognitive functions such as learning and memory. A severe impairment of spatial memory is associated with the Alzheimer's disease characteristic augmentation of soluble Amyloid‐beta1‐42 which in turn leads to glutamatergic neurotransmission dysfunction. As the molecular basis of such correlations has not been completely understood, this Editorial highlights a study in the current issue of the Journal of Neurochemistry in which Yeung and coworkers provide an elegant anatomical study that sheds light into this problematic. Through a rigorous immunohistochemical approach, a sub‐regional expression pattern of ionotropic glutamate receptors and vesicular transporters was determined in control and beta amyloid‐injected mouse hippocampus. The selected areas participate in information processing and thus, in memory formation. Furthermore, the authors discuss their findings in the context of cognitive deficits present in Alzheimer's disease patients delivering an intuitive analysis of plausible molecular events that disturb proper glutamate signaling. This study takes an important step toward a better understanding of the complexity of Amyloid‐beta1‐42 and glutamatergic neurotransmission interactions.
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Involving patients and nurses in choosing between two validated questionnaires to identify chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy before implementing in clinical practice—A qualitative study
Authors: Jensen Marlene Æ. , Yilmaz Mette N. , Pedersen Birgith 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore from a nurse and patient perspective what questionnaire—“Functional assessment of cancer treatment gynecological group neurotoxicity” or “Oxaliplatin‐Associated Neuropathy Questionnaire”—best describes chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy and its influence on everyday life in a comprehensive and meaningful way, prior to implementation in daily practice.BackgroundPatients experience chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy during and after chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with oxaliplatin. This neuropathy is difficult to describe for patients and to identify for nurses. To address the specific needs of patients and improve identification of neuropathy and its influence on everyday life, we wanted to implement a questionnaire in clinical practice.DesignA phenomenological hermeneutic frame of reference was used.MethodSemi‐structured interviews with 15 patients and two focus groups with eight cancer nurses were used for data collection. Data were organised and interpreted by content analytical steps in a hermeneutical process. COREQ checklist was used in reporting of the study.ResultsThe analysis resulted in two main themes (a) “To dig deeper” with sub‐themes “to identify the line between acceptable and nonacceptable chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy,” and “searching for a precise description.” (b). “When everything is interrelated” with sub‐themes “to be aware of different perspectives and understandings” and “recognise potential pitfalls.”ConclusionInvolving patients and nurses in choosing between the two questionnaires revealed that neither alone was sufficient to describe the patients’ experiences. Instead, it seems essential to implement both questionnaires, using the answers as a basis for a dialogue to address the patients’ specific needs.Relevance for clinical practiceUsing patients and nurses perspectives in a complementary way may provide a solid foundation before starting an implementation process in clinical practice. However, attention must be paid to potential barriers and facilitators as well as the fact that a successful implementing process requires leadership and information sharing.
Effects of antibiotic administration on post‐operative endodontic symptoms in patients with pulpal necrosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shamszadeh Sayna , Asgary Saeed , Shirvani Armin , Eghbal Mohammad Jafar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe current systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of prophylactic oral antibiotics in the management of post‐operative endodontic symptoms in adults with necrotic pulp.Materials and methodsA systematic search up to April 2020 was performed to find all randomised controlled trials (RTCs) comparing oral antibiotics with placebo to manage post‐endodontic symptoms. The outcome measures were post‐operative pain, swelling and/or the combined pain and swelling at different follow‐ups. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random‐effect inverse‐variance method. Additional analysis was performed if heterogeneity existed (P < .05).ResultsFor post‐endodontic pain, 8 RCTs (n = 690) were included. Antibiotic prescription had no significant effect on endodontic pain at 6 (SMD = −0.008, 95% CI −0.279 − 0.264, P = .95), 12 (SMD = −0.080, 95% CI −1.39 − 1.23, P = .90), 24 (SMD = −0.044, 95% CI −0.29 − 0.20, P = .72), 48 (SMD = 0.18, 95% CI −0.26 − 0.62, P = .42) and 72 h (SMD= −0.050, 95% CI −0.33 − 0.23, P = .723) post‐operatively. For post‐endodontic swelling, 4 RCTs (n = 149) were included. Antibiotic prescription had no significant effect on endodontic swelling at 24 (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI −0.72 − 1.32, P = .56), 48 (SMD = −0.23, 95% CI −0.98 − 0.51, P = .54) and 72 hours (SMD= −0.03, 95% CI −1.25 − 1.33, P = .96), post‐operatively. For combined pain and swelling, no meta‐analysis was performed.ConclusionThe administration of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent post‐operative endodontic symptoms is not supported by the current evidence.