bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct treatment versus indirect: Thermo‐ablative and mild hyperthermia effects
Authors: Payne Macy , Bossmann Stefan H. , Basel Matthew T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHyperthermia is a rapidly growing field in cancer therapy and many advances have been made in understanding and applying the mechanisms of hyperthermia. Secondary effects of hyperthermia have been increasingly recognized as important in therapeutic effects and multiple studies have started to elucidate their implications for treatment. Immune effects have especially been recognized as important in the efficacy of hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Both thermo‐ablative and mild hyperthermia activate the immune system, but mild hyperthermia seems to be more effective at doing so. This may suggest that mild hyperthermia has some advantages over thermo‐ablative hyperthermia and research into immune effects of mild hyperthermia should continue.This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery
Semiflow selection for the compressible Navier–Stokes system
Authors: Basarić Danica 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough the existence of dissipative weak solutions for the compressible Navier–Stokes system has already been established for any finite energy initial data, uniqueness is still an open problem. The idea is then to select a solution satisfying thesemigroup property, an important feature of systems with uniqueness. More precisely, we are going to prove the existence of asemiflow selectionin terms of the three state variables: the density, the momentum, and the energy. Finally, we will show that it is possible to introduce a new selection defined only in terms of the initial density and momentum; however, the price to pay is that the semigroup property will hold almost everywhere in time.
Delivering Clinical impacts of the MRI diagnostic pathway in prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Schoots Ivo G. , Padhani Anwar R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPre-biopsy multiparametric MRI is now recommended by multiple guidelines, not only for men with persistent suspicion of prostate cancer after prior negative systematic biopsy, but also at initial screening before the first biopsy. The major benefit of pre-biopsy MRI in the diagnostic work-up is to promote individualized risk-adapted approaches for biopsy-decision management. Multiple MRI-directed diagnostic pathways can be conceived, with each approach having net-benefit trade-offs between benefits and harms, based on improved diagnostic yields of significant cancers and reduced biopsy testing and reduced detection of indolent prostate cancer. In this paper, we illustrate how clinical benefits can be maximized in men with MRI-negative and MRI-positive results, using the PI-RADS Multiparametric MRI and MRI-directed biopsy pathway. From a practice perspective, we emphasize five golden rules: (1) that multiparametric MRI approach including targeted biopsies be reserved for men likely to benefit from early detection and treatment of prostate cancer; (2) that there is a need to carefully assess risk of significant disease using PSA and clinical parameters before and after MRI; (3) do not offer immediate biopsy if the MRI is negative, unless other high-risk factors are present; (4) accept that not all significant cancers are found immediately and have robust ‘safety nets’ for men with negative MRI scans who avoid immediate biopsy and for positive MRI patients with negative or non-explanatory histology; and (5) use MRI-directed biopsy methods that minimize overdiagnosis and improve risk stratification.
Rheology of colloidal and metallic glass formers
Authors: Voigtmann Thomas , Siebenbürger Miriam , Amann Christian P. , Egelhaaf Stefan U. , Fritschi Sebastian , Krüger Matthias , Laurati Marco , Mutch Kevin J. , Samwer Konrad H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColloidal hard-sphere suspensions are convenient experimental models to understand soft matter, and also by analogy the structural-relaxation behavior of atomic or small-molecular fluids. We discuss this analogy for the flow and deformation behavior close to the glass transition. Based on a mapping of temperature to effective hard-sphere packing, the stress–strain curves of typical bulk metallic glass formers can be quantitatively compared with those of hard-sphere suspensions. Experiments on colloids give access to the microscopic structure under deformation on a single-particle level, providing insight into the yielding mechanisms that are likely also relevant for metallic glasses. We discuss the influence of higher-order angular signals in connection with non-affine particle rearrangements close to yielding. The results are qualitatively explained on the basis of the mode-coupling theory. We further illustrate the analogy of pre-strain dependence of the linear-elastic moduli using data on PS-PNiPAM suspensions.
Horizontal and radial collector wells: simple tools for a complex problem
Authors: Collins Sarah L. , Houben Georg J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe capture of groundwater by horizontal wells (HWs) is an old but often overlooked technique. Practically all modeling techniques available in groundwater hydrology have been applied to HWs. This work compares analytical models with field data and investigates the influence of nonuniform screen inflow. The usefulness of a vertical well approximation is studied. A new MATLAB application, HORI, is presented for common analytical models. Analytical methods are found to reproduce drawdown around two radial collector wells (RCWs). Beyond the direct vicinity of the caisson, in particular, drawdown around an RCW can be approximated with a vertical well model.
100 Jahre Dieter Janz
Authors: Strzelczyk Adam , Schmitt Friedhelm C. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungAm 20.04.2020 jährt sich zum 100. Mal der Geburtstag von Dieter Janz. Ihm zu Ehren erscheint dieses Heft der Zeitschrift für Epileptologie mit dem Ziel, das Wirken von Dieter Janz der letzten fünf Jahrzehnte nachzuzeichnen und neue Erkenntnisse zu dem nach ihm benannten Janz-Syndrom (juvenile myoklonische Epilepsie) zusammenzufassen.
Pectobacterium atrosepticum (van Hall) Gardan et al. as a Causal Agent of Potato Blackleg in Greenland
Authors: de Neergaard Eigil , Harding Susanne , Czajkowski Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs a part of a blackleg and soft rot survey on potato plants cultivated in the agricultural region of Southern Greenland during the growing season of 2019 diseased potato plants and tubers were collected at six localities. Samples of plants and tubers with typical blackleg and soft rot symptoms were cut into parts weighing ca. 10–15 g each and incubated in potato enrichment broth (PEB) under anaerobic conditions for 4–7 days at ca. 20–22 °C (conditions during shipment of the samples from Greenland to Poland). After enrichment plant extracts were plated on crystal violet pectate (CVP) medium to isolate individual cavity-forming bacterial colonies. The inoculated plates were incubated at 22, 25 and 28 °C to maximize the chance of finding pectinolytic bacteria with different growth temperature optima. Cavity-forming isolates were collected and purified to pure cultures on tryptone soya agar (TSA). Ten cavity-forming isolates, named Green1 – Green10, representing isolates from symptomatic plants from different locations, were selected for analyses. The isolates gave a 434 bp. product in Pectobacterium spp.-specific PCR and a 439 bp. product in P. atrosepticum (Pba) -specific PCR. These isolates were Gram (−) rods, facultative anaerobic, catalase positive, oxidase and indole negative, grew in TSB + 5% NaCl, produced acid from lactose, maltose and raffinose. BlastN analyses of the ca. 1300 bp. 16S rDNA sequences of all 10 strains indicated a 99–100% similarity to the 16S rDNA of Pectobacterium atrosepticum. All 10 isolates caused soft rot of potato tuber slices after 72 h at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on the recA gene sequence grouped the isolates together with P. atrosepticum strains CFBP1526T and SCRI1043. This is the first report on isolation of P. atrosepticum from blackleg-diseased potato plants in Greenland. The presence of P. atrosepticum and its possible impact on potato cultivation in Greenland is discussed.
SDR-Based Readout Electronics for the ECHo Experiment
Authors: Karcher N. , Richter D. , Ahrens F. , Gartmann R. , Wegner M. , Krömer O. , Kempf S. , Enss C. , Weber M. , Sander O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDue to their excellent energy resolution, the intrinsically fast signal rise time, the huge energy dynamic range, and the almost ideally linear detector response, metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMC)s are very well suited for a variety of applications in physics. In particular, the ECHo experiment aims to utilize large-scale MMC-based detector arrays to investigate the mass of the electron neutrino. Reading out such arrays is a challenging task which can be tackled using microwave SQUID multiplexing. Here, the detector signals are transduced into frequency shifts of superconducting microwave resonators, which can be deduced using a high-end software-defined radio (SDR) system. The ECHo SDR system is a custom-made modular electronics, which provides 400 channels equally distributed in a 4 to 8 GHz frequency band. The system consists of a superheterodyne RF frequency converter with two successive mixers, a modular conversion, and an FPGA board. For channelization, a novel heterogeneous approach, utilizing the integrated digital down conversion (DDC) of the ADC, a polyphase channelizer, and another DDC for demodulation, is proposed. This approach has excellent channelization properties while being resource-efficient at the same time. After signal demodulation, on-FPGA flux-ramp demodulation processes the signals before streaming it to the data processing and storage backend.
Genotoxicity and Safety Pharmacology Studies of Indole Alkaloids Extract from Leaves of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
Authors: Zhao Yun-Li , Su Min , Shang Jian-Hua , Wang Xia , Bao Guang-Lei , Ma Jia , Sun Qing-Di , Yuan Fang , Wang Jing-Kun , Luo Xiao-Dong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Indole alkaloids extract (IAAS) was prepared from leaves of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., an evergreen tropical plant widely distributed throughout the world. This plant has been used historically by the Dai ethnic people of China to treat respiratory diseases. This study evaluated the genotoxicity and safety pharmacology of IAAS to support clinical use. The bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test, in vitro mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus (MN) test were performed to evaluate genotoxicity. Mice were administered IAAS (240, 480, or 960 mg/kg bw) once orally to observe adverse central nervous system effects. Furthermore, beagle dogs were administered IAAS (10, 30, 60 mg/kg bw) once via the duodenum to evaluate its effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. IAAS with or without S9-induced metabolic activation showed no genotoxicity in the Ames test up to 500 μg/plate, in the mammalian chromosomal aberration test up to 710 μg/mL, or in the MN test up to 800 mg/kg bw. No abnormal neurobehavioral effects were observed in mice following treatment with up to 960 mg/kg bw of IAAS. Moreover, blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram parameters, and depth and rate of breathing in anesthetized beagle dogs did not differ among the IAAS doses or from the vehicle group. These data indicated that IAAS did not induce mutagenicity, clastogenicity, or genotoxicity, and no pharmaco-toxicological effects were observed in the respiratory, cardiovascular, or central nervous systems. Our results increased understanding of safety considerations associated with IAAS, and may indicate that IAAS is a possible drug candidate.

Graphic Abstract
The whence and whither of marine spatial planning: revisiting the social reconstruction of the marine environment in the UK
Authors: Ritchie Heather , McElduff Linda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the concept of marine spatial planning (MSP) firmly established in the UK with its own legislation, policies and plans underway, this paper critically revisits MSP as part of the wider debate associated with the social reconstruction of the marine environment, as first discussed by Peel and Lloyd’s seminal paper in 2004. We propose that their identified ‘marine problem’ remains and indeed has exacerbated. We ascertain that there has been much change in the governance of the marine environment that has both positively and negatively altered the way that society has (re)constructed solutions to that marine problem. We revisit Hannigan’s (1995) social constructionist framework, showing the degree to which the prerequisites have been satisfied, by providing an overview of how the marine problem has intensified in the preceding 15 years and how the marine problem has now captured the wider public’s attention. We then look at the how the response to the marine problem has evolved by examining at the current marine planning arrangements across the UK. We conclude by stating that the whence of MSP is clear, culminating with the formal introduction of MSP in the UK which has positively altered the way in which the marine environment is socially reconstructed. The whither is much more unclear. With a continually rapidly moving agenda of change, there is much more to be done for us to say that the marine problem has been successfully socially reconstructed.
Allen: A High-Level Trigger on GPUs for LHCb
Authors: Aaij R. , Albrecht J. , Belous M. , Billoir P. , Boettcher T. , Brea Rodríguez A. , vom Bruch D. , Cámpora Pérez D. H. , Casais Vidal A. , Craik D. C. , Fernandez Declara P. , Funke L. , Gligorov V. V. , Jashal B. , Kazeev N. , Martínez Santos D. , Pisani F. , Pliushchenko D. , Popov S. , Quagliani R. , Rangel M. , Reiss F. , Sánchez Mayordomo C. , Schwemmer R. , Sokoloff M. , Stevens H. , Ustyuzhanin A. , Vilasís Cardona X. , Williams M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe describe a fully GPU-based implementation of the first level trigger for the upgrade of the LHCb detector, due to start data taking in 2021. We demonstrate that our implementation, named Allen, can process the 40 Tbit/s data rate of the upgraded LHCb detector and perform a wide variety of pattern recognition tasks. These include finding the trajectories of charged particles, finding proton–proton collision points, identifying particles as hadrons or muons, and finding the displaced decay vertices of long-lived particles. We further demonstrate that Allen can be implemented in around 500 scientific or consumer GPU cards, that it is not I/O bound, and can be operated at the full LHC collision rate of 30 MHz. Allen is the first complete high-throughput GPU trigger proposed for a HEP experiment.
Influence of Different Types of Small-Size Defects on Propagation of Macro-cracks in Brittle Materials
Authors: Karpenko Olena , Oterkus Selda , Oterkus Erkan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe presence of defects in the structure requires noticeable attention and understanding of fracture mechanisms in brittle materials has to be established. Defects in the form of holes, macro- and micro-cracks are the main interest of this paper. This work investigates the dual role of holes and micro-crack arrays on toughening and degradation mechanisms in concrete structures. An ordinary state-based peridynamics (PD) model is utilized to analyse the fracture problem at the micro-level. The application of PD shows its advantage in crack-hole, macro- and micro-crack interaction problems since PD can accurately predict the contribution of defects on structural behaviour. The study of the three-point bending problem with five types of holes existing in the structure showed the crack arrest phenomena at the hole boundary and the “attraction” of the crack to propagate towards the hole. For the study of the macro- and micro-cracks interaction problem, various cases of the micro-crack distribution and inclination angles are considered and validated with analytical studies. The PD quasi-static simulations show good agreement with analytical solutions. Moreover, PD dynamic solutions show the capability of PD to capture complex crack propagation paths. It is observed that the presence of micro-cracks and holes ahead of the main crack can suppress its further propagation as well as have an influence on the crack propagation direction. The numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the PD modelling of multiple crack interaction problems.
Sheet metal forming using environmentally benign lubricant
Authors: Więckowski Wojciech , Adamus Janina , Dyner Marcin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sheet metal forming belongs to one of the most important technologies enabling the production durable but quite lightweight metal parts. The quality of the drawn parts depends on the deformed sheet metal, applied forming technology and process parameters, such as contact pressure, relative velocity, temperature or lubrication. The forming of steel (1.4021) parts using benign lubricant is analysed. The paper proposes replacing conventional mineral/synthetic lubricants with ones based on vegetable oils and boric acid. The effectiveness of the lubricants was assessed in laboratory strip drawing and cupping tests, and in production. An oil-based lubricant with an additive of boric acid is very effective in reducing frictional resistance and protecting the forming tools against galling.

Graphic abstract
IDENTIFYING THE PROFITS FOR WHICH A FIDUCIARY MUST ACCOUNT
Authors: Conaglen Matthew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the manner in which accounts of profits are quantified when they are ordered against fiduciaries. Unlike previous scholarship, which has often sought to explain recent case law by reference to preconceived conceptual models, the present article addresses the topic by drawing on the reasoning adopted in the cases over a longer period, with a view to helping with the practical resolution of future cases, while also offering arguments drawn from that analysis as to the correct approach to the conceptual questions that arise.
The sense of moral obligation facilitates information agency and culture
Authors: Maranges Heather M. , Baumeister Roy F. , Vohs Kathleen D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Tomasello argues that humans’ sense of moral obligation emerges early in development, relies on a shared “we,” and serves as the foundation of cooperation. This perspective complements our theoretical view of the human self as information agent. The shared “we” promotes not only proximal cooperative goals but also distal ones via the construction of shared understanding – it promotes culture.
The sense of obligation in children's testimonial learning
Authors: Li Pearl Han , Pesch Annelise , Koenig Melissa A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe extend Tomasello's discussion of children's developing sense of obligation to testimonial learning. First, we review a battery of behaviors in testimonial exchanges that parallel those described by Tomasello. Second, we explore the variable ways in which children hold others accountable, suggestive that children's evaluations of moral and epistemic responsibilities in joint collaborative activities are distinct.
Intuitive theories inform children's beliefs about intergroup obligation
Authors: Chalik Lisa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In addition to emerging from children's direct experiences with collaborative partners and groups, children's beliefs about obligation also arise from a process of intuitive theory-building in early childhood. On this account, it is possible for at least some of children's beliefs to emerge in the absence of specific experiences where obligations are held among fellow members of a group “we.”
Does the concept of obligation develop from the inside-out or outside-in?
Authors: Rhodes Marjorie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Tomasello proposes that the concept of obligation develops “from the inside-out”: emerging first in experiences of shared agency and generalizing outward to shape children's broader understanding. Here I consider that obligation may also develop “from the outside-in,” emerging as a domain-specific instantiation of a more general conceptual bias to expect categories to prescribe how their members are supposed to behave.
Contrast to background influences predation on aposematic but not cryptic artificial caterpillars in a Brazilian coastal shrubland
Authors: Oliveira Rayane S. , Diniz Pedro , Araujo-Lima Vitor , Rosário Gabriela , Duca Charles 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAposematism and crypticity are visual defensive strategies against predation; however, the relative effectiveness of these two strategies to reduce the risk of predation is not yet fully understood. We evaluated the risk of predation for caterpillars with cryptic and aposematic colouration as well as the probability of predation relative to the natural variation of contrast with the substrate. We expected that the two models would experience similar predation attempts and that the contrast with the substrate would be negatively related to the predation on aposematic mimic models and positively to the predation of cryptic models. Overall, 224 models were laid out along a transect and exposed to predation for five consecutive days during winter and autumn. Daily predation was 11.0% (winter) and 4.8% (autumn). Significant differences were not observed between predation rates on the two model types (50.6% aposematic). Most of the predated models had arthropod marks (86.4%) and only 13.6% had bird marks. The chance of predation was higher the greater the contrast between the aposematic mimic model and the substrate, although no relationship was observed for the cryptic model. Our results suggest that the two colour patterns do not differ in their defensive effectiveness and that micro-habitat selection might define the predation risk on aposematic mimic caterpillars in environments dominated by arthropod predators.
The Many Faces of Transcendental Realism: Willaschek on Kant’s Dialectic
Authors: Chignell Andrew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAfter providing a brief overview of Marcus Willaschek's Kant on the Sources of Metaphysics, I critically reconstruct his account of ‘transcendental realism’ and the role that it plays in the dramatic narrative of the Critique of Pure Reason. I then lay out in detail how Willaschek generates and evaluates various versions of transcendental realism and raise some concerns about each. Next, I look at precisely how Willaschek's Kant thinks we can avoid applying the ‘supreme’ dialectical principle (for every conditioned there is a totality of conditions which is unconditioned) to the domain of appearances. Finally, I call into question Willaschek's efforts to appropriate the lessons of the Transcendental Dialectic without following Kant into transcendental idealism.