bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimisation of bio medical waste ash in GGBS based of geopolymer concrete
Authors: Suresh Kumar A , Muthukannan M , Sri Krishna I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bio-Medical Waste Ash (BMWA) in Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) has been studied for its potential use as a substitute for Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS). The raw materials were determined to have physical and chemical characteristics. Bio-medical waste ash was used for GGBS at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10% by weight replacement. The mixing proportion of the GGBS, M-Sand, and Alkaline solution is 1:2.21:3.48, respectively. A compressive strength test was performed for all of the specimens. Results showed that up to 10 % of BMWA replacement for GGBS had higher compressive strength than a standard mix (0 % BMWA). Use 7 % BMWA after 28 days of curing, the maximum compressive strength of 39.8 N / mm2 was achieved. After 28 days of curing, specimens prepared using 13 M NaOH yielded a better compressive strength than the normal mix. At 28 days of curing time, the average compressive strength of 40.12 N / mm2 was reached.
Crystal growth, surface morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of UV-nonlinear optical crystal: Mercury cadmium chloride thiocyanate (MCCTC) single crystal
Authors: Ramesh V , Gunasekaran B , Suresh P , Sundaravadivel E , Showrilu K , Rajarajan K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Single crystal of mercury cadmium chloride thiocyanate (MCCTC) was grown by slow evaporation solvent method at ambient temperature (SEST) with a dimension of 10×5×5 mm3. The grown single-crystal’s structure and lattice constant, density and volume were estimated by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Additionally, the chemical etching and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis were used to investigate reverse growth and surface morphology. Moreover, the mechanical properties such as, hardness number, yield strength, Mayer index number, and stiffness constant were calculated by Vickers’s micro-hardness measurement. The thermal stability of grown single is stable up to 171 °C observed from TG-DSC, which reveals that the sample posses low thermal stability compared to other organometallic thiocyanate families of single crystals like MMTC(381°C), MFCTC (241°C) and ACCTC (247 °C). The non-linear optical study of second harmonic generation efficiency for MCCTC single crystal is 17 times superior to Urea.
Synthesis & characterization of doped nickel ferrite filled natural rubber nano composites
Authors: Hema S , Sambhudevan Sreedha , Mahitha P M , Rashid Sultan K , Raj Malavika , Anjana A , Parvathy S U , Mahalekshmi M S , Shankar Balakrishnan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Synthesis of rubber nanocomposite containing differently doped ferrites were fabricated using Co-precipitation method. The nano particles characterization was carried out by SEM, FTIR and XRD to confirm that the ferrites were synthesized in nanometer dimensions. The rubber mixes were incorporated with metallic nano fillers and the obtained nanocomposites were analysed for mechanical studies such as hardness, specific gravity, tear and tensile strength. The copper doped samples shows excellent mechanical properties over other dopants and hence paving the way for decisive technical applications.
Preparation of graphene oxide by dry planetary ball milling technique under oxygen atmosphere
Authors: Dash Soumen , Dash Tapan , Rout Tapan Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe work explores the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) from natural graphite by dry planetary ball milling technique under oxygen atmosphere. The ball milling was carried out between 4 and 8 hrs. The structure and composition were studied by various advanced characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the successful formation of graphene oxide showing C(001) peak. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) agrees with XRD result exhibiting various oxygenated functional groups along with matrix of carbon. The increasing oxidation behaviour was confirmed from Raman study with increasing trend of I2D/IGratio. The sample prepared by 8 hr ball milling exhibits BET surface area of 454 m2/g. The sheet type and folded morphology confirm the high quality formation of graphene oxide. The GO-8 hr shows a high O/C ratio (58.87). Purity of typical GO sample was confirmed from EDS analysis exhibiting only presence of carbon and oxygen.
Comparative Oxygen Evolution Reaction performance of cobalt oxide electrocatalyst in combination with various metal ions MCo2O4 (M= Mn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+)
Authors: Rai Varun , Reddy MV Venkatashamy , Adams Stefan , Blackwood Daniel John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) supported by electrocatalyst is very important reaction in electrochemical system e.g. air-battery based energy storage devices, water splitting, and photo electrochemical cells. Therefore developing inexpensive, non-hazardous, noble metal free, transition metal oxide based electrocatalyst is necessary for energy application and environmental sustainability. MCo2(III)O4 based oxides in combination of various metal ions (Mn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+) are studied as OER electrocatalyst in both acidic and basic medium. When deposited on a glassy carbon current collector the comparative LSV polarization plots revealed that in acidic medium FeCo2O4 is the best OER performing electrocatalyst, showing onset potential +1.62 V vs RHE with current 1.66 mA/cm2, while in basic medium it is MnCo2O4 that preforms the best, showing an onset potential +1.53 V vs RHE with OER current density 2.06 mA/cm2. When nickel foam was used as the current collector, Co3O4 shows the best OER performance, with an onset potential 1.508 V vs RHE and OER current 159 mA/cm2 in acidic medium. However in the basic medium the substrate nickel foam outperforms all the oxides combinations with different metal ions due to partially oxidized NiO at nickel foam, showing onset OER potential +1.58 V vs RHE and OER current density 13mA/cm2. No correlation was found between the rates of OER and the bond dissociation energies of the respective metal-oxygen bonds nor the metal-hydroxide bond strength.
Effect of spatial distribution of nanopores on mechanical properties of mono layer graphene
Authors: Saumya K , Gupta K K , Roy A , Dey S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Since the discovery of graphene, it has immense popularity among scientists and researchers due to its superior mechanical and electrical properties. In the present study, the effects of the spatial distribution of nanopore defects on the mechanical properties of the single-layer graphene sheet (SLGS) are investigated. Based on Tersoff potential functions, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to perform the uniaxial deformation of defected graphene. The nanopore defects are induced intentionally at various spatial locations on a pristine graphene sheet for studying the variation in its mechanical properties such as fracture strength, Young’s modulus and failure strain. The results illustrate that the mechanical properties are predominantly dependent on the spatial locations of the defects. It is also observed that the mechanical properties are slightly higher in case of zigzag direction than armchair direction but it decreases with the presence of defects in both the cases. In the consequence, it is suggested to consider spatial locations of defects while fabricating nanodevices with graphene.
Effect of silicon dopant on mechanical properties of monolayer graphene
Authors: Majeti V K , Roy A , Gupta K K , Dey S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The exceptional qualities of graphene have drawn the attention of many researchers and scientists. It has exhaustive real-life applications, ranging from mechanical and medical domain to electronic fields. The significant properties of graphene can be tailored by chemical functionalization methods. By incorporating foreign atoms, the properties of pristine graphene can be modified. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to conduct tensile tests on square-shaped graphene doped by silicon. The fracture strength, failure strain and Young’s modulus are measured on grapheme doped by silicon. The carbon atoms in the graphene sheet are replaced randomly with silicon atoms for this simulation and the variation of mechanical properties are observed by comparing with the pristine form of graphene. The properties such as Young’s modulus, fracture strength and failure strain are found to reduce with the increase of doping intensity. During chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method as silicon atoms are likely to replace the carbon atoms, it may promote the electronic properties but in the present study, it is found to decline its mechanical properties due to increase in silicon doping concentration. As a result, it is therefore suggested to consider the effect of silicon dopants in the applications of graphene.
Quick-start guide for first-principles modelling of point defects in crystalline materials
Authors: Kim Sunghyun , Hood Samantha N , Park Ji-Sang , Whalley Lucy D , Walsh Aron 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Defects influence the properties and functionality of all crystalline materials. For instance, point defects participate in electronic (e.g. carrier generation and recombination) and optical (e.g. absorption and emission) processes critical to solar energy conversion. Solid-state diffusion, mediated by the transport of charged defects, is used for electrochemical energy storage. First-principles calculations of defects based on density functional theory have been widely used to complement, and even validate, experimental observations. In this ‘quick-start guide’, we discuss the best practice in how to calculate the formation energy of point defects in crystalline materials and analysis techniques appropriate to probe changes in structure and properties relevant across energy technologies.
Effective uncooled infrared bolometer based on SOI gate all around electrostatically formed nanowire transistors
Authors: Shimanovich Klimentiy , Mutsafi Zoe , Rosenwaks Yossi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a novel micro-bolometer structure based on SOI gate all around Electrostatically Formed Nanowire (GAA EFN) transistors. The new design enables formation of the EFN conductive channels in the volume of the SOI devices layers, far from the top and bottom silicon/oxide interfaces, thus reducing the noise level and increasing the temperature sensitivity to 13.3%/K. Detailed electrical and thermal simulations show that the micro-bolometer structure has an effective responsivity of 1.95 × 103 A/W, noise equivalent power of 561 fW, noise equivalent temperature difference of 8 mK, and a thermal time constant of 35 msec, when operated in depletion all around mode (DAA) at the sub-threshold regime.
A Flow Cytometric Study of Reagent Cells to Resolve ABO Typing Discrepancy
Authors: Maracaja Danielle L V , Qiao Jesse , Salazar Tomas , Barry James , LaForce Karen , Holder Kenneth , Olson John D 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesRBC alloantibodies can lead to ABO grouping discrepancies unrelated to A or B antigens or antibodies posing challenges in the blood bank testing. Routine blood bank testing and flow cytometry were used to immunophenotype reagent cells and elucidate the cause of ABO discrepancies in two patients.MethodsABO discrepancy was identified in two patients after transfusion with several units of RBCs. For both patients, the pretransfusion type and screen demonstrated blood group A. Eight and 16 days later, both patients showed an apparent antibody to reagent group A cells, which prompted additional study with patients’ samples and flow cytometric testing of commercial reagent cells.ResultsIn both patients’ specimens, posttransfusion evaluation demonstrated an emerging antibody to the Kell antigen (K). The RBCs of both patients typed negative for K, and both were transfused with K-positive RBCs. Flow cytometric analysis of reagent RBCs demonstrated that five of seven lot numbers were positive for K.ConclusionsEmerging anti-K antibody led to agglutination of the K-positive reagent A1 cells, highlighting the importance of considering RBC alloantibodies and the composition of reagent cells when interpreting cases with an apparent ABO grouping discrepancy.
The Course of the Angular Artery in the Midface: Implications for Surgical and Minimally Invasive Procedures
Authors: Gombolevskiy Victor , Gelezhe Pavel , Morozov Sergey , Melnikov Dmitry V , Vorontsov Alexander , Kulberg Nikolay , Frank Konstantin , Gotkin Robert H , Lachman Nirusha , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Previous anatomic studies have provided valuable information on the 2-dimensional course of the angular segment of the facial artery in the midface and its arterial connections. The third dimension (ie, the depth of the artery) is less well characterized.

Objectives
The objective of the present study was to describe the 3-dimensional pathway of the angular segment of the facial artery and its relationship to the muscles of facial expression.

Methods
The bilateral location and the depth of the midfacial segment of the facial artery was measured utilizing multi-planar computed tomographic image analyses obtained from contrast agent-enhanced cranial computed tomographic scans of 156 Caucasians aged a of 45.19 ± 18.7 years and with a mean body mass index of 25.05 ± 4.9 kg/m2.

Results
At the nasal ala, the mean depth of the main arterial trunk was 13.7 ± 3.7 mm (range, 2.7-25.0 mm), whereas at the medial canthus it was 1.02 ± 0.62 mm (range, 1.0-3.0 mm). This was reflected by the arteries’ relationship to the midfacial muscles: at the nasal ala superficial to levator anguli oris in 62.0% but deep to the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi in 53.6%; at the medial canthus superficial to the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi in 83.1% and superficial to the orbicularis oculi in 82.7%.

Conclusions
The results presented herein confirm the high variability in the course of the angular segment of the facial artery. Various arterial pathways have been identified providing evidence that, in the midface, there is no guaranteed safe location for minimally invasive procedures.
Nonsurgical Redefinition of the Chin and Jawline of Younger Adults With a Hyaluronic Acid Filler: Results Evaluated With a Grid System Approach
Authors: Bertossi Dario , Robiony Massimo , Lazzarotto Andrea , Giampaoli Giorgio , Nocini Riccardo , Nocini Pier Francesco 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Aesthetic treatment of the lower face is increasingly in demand, particularly owing to age-related changes in appearance. VYC-25L is a novel hyaluronic acid filler with high G′ and high cohesivity, specifically designed for sculpting and contouring of the chin and jaw.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the use of a grid traced onto the chin and jaw for guiding treatment with VYC-25L.

Methods
This was a retrospective, single-center analysis of data from adult patients undergoing treatment of the lower third of the face with VYC-25L. A grid system of horizontal and vertical lines was used to systematize the process of treatment planning and performance.

Results
Thirty subjects were enrolled (53.3% female; mean [standard deviation] age, 34.4 [2.8] years). The mean quantity of VYC-25L used was 4.0 [0.8] mL. Based on the 5-point Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, 29 patients (96.7%) rated their appearance at 20 days posttreatment as “much improved” or “very much improved.” The only complications recorded were early transient soft-tissue edema (n = 14; 46.7%) and bruising (n = 6; 20.0%). There were no cases of infection, paresthesia, asymmetry, hematoma, necrosis, or skin discoloration.

Conclusions
Treatment of the chin and jawline with VYC-25L, with injection locations determined by a standardized grid-based approach, appears to be effective and safe with high rates of patient satisfaction. Injection of this filler offers a potentially high-impact approach for patients across a variety of biological and economic circumstances.

Level of Evidence: 4
Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Load on Risk of Intubation and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Magleby Reed , Westblade Lars F , Trzebucki Alex , Simon Matthew S , Rajan Mangala , Park Joel , Goyal Parag , Safford Monika M , Satlin Michael J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently require mechanical ventilation and have high mortality rates. However, the impact of viral burden on these outcomes is unknown.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from 30 March 2020 to 30 April 2020 at 2 hospitals in New York City. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load was assessed using cycle threshold (Ct) values from a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay applied to nasopharyngeal swab samples. We compared characteristics and outcomes of patients with high, medium, and low admission viral loads and assessed whether viral load was independently associated with intubation and in-hospital mortality.

Results
We evaluated 678 patients with COVID-19. Higher viral load was associated with increased age, comorbidities, smoking status, and recent chemotherapy. In-hospital mortality was 35.0% (Ct &lt;25; n = 220), 17.6% (Ct 25–30; n = 216), and 6.2% (Ct &gt;30; n = 242) with high, medium, and low viral loads, respectively (P &lt; .001). The risk of intubation was also higher in patients with a high viral load (29.1%) compared with those with a medium (20.8%) or low viral load (14.9%; P &lt; .001). High viral load was independently associated with mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.92–12.52) and intubation (aOR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.68–4.44).

Conclusions
Admission SARS-CoV-2 viral load among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 independently correlates with the risk of intubation and in-hospital mortality. Providing this information to clinicians could potentially be used to guide patient care.
Subgraph Reliability of Alternating Group Graph With Uniform and Nonuniform Vertex Fault-Free Probabilities
Authors: Huang Yanze , Lin Limei , Xu Li 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As the size of a multiprocessor system grows, the probability that faults occur in this system increases. One measure of the reliability of a multiprocessor system is the probability that a fault-free subsystem of a certain size still exists with the presence of individual faults. In this paper, we use the probabilistic fault model to establish the subgraph reliability for $AG_n$, the $n$-dimensional alternating group graph. More precisely, we first analyze the probability $R_n^{n-1}(p)$ that at least one subgraph with dimension $n-1$ is fault-free in $AG_n$, when given a uniform probability of a single vertex being fault-free. Since subgraphs of $AG_n$ intersect in rather complicated manners, we resort to the principle of inclusion–exclusion by considering intersections of up to five subgraphs and obtain an upper bound of the probability. Then we consider the probabilistic fault model when the probability of a single vertex being fault-free is nonuniform, and we show that the upper bound under these two models is very close to the lower bound obtained in a previous result, and it is better than the upper bound deduced from that of the arrangement graph, which means that the upper bound we obtained is very tight.
Caregiver and Adolescent Patient Perspectives on Comprehensive Care for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Building a Family-Centered Care Delivery Model
Authors: Michel Hilary K , Siripong Nalyn , Noll Robert B , Kim Sandra C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) require primary and gastrointestinal (GI) care, but little is known about patient and family preferences for care receipt. We aimed to understand caregiver perceptions of current healthcare quality, describe barriers to receiving healthcare, and elicit caregiver and adolescent preferences for how comprehensive care ideally would be delivered.MethodsThis was an anonymous survey of caregivers of 2- to 17-year olds with IBD and adolescents with IBD aged 13–17 years at a large, free-standing children’s hospital. Surveys assessed patient medical history, family demographics, perceptions of health care quality and delivery, barriers to primary and GI care, and preferences for optimal care delivery.ResultsTwo hundred and seventeen caregivers and 140 adolescents were recruited, 214 caregivers and 133 adolescents consented/assented, and 160 caregivers and 84 adolescents completed the survey (75% and 60% response rate, respectively). Mean patient age was 14 years (SD = 3); 51% male; 79% Crohn’s disease, 16% ulcerative colitis, and 4% indeterminate colitis. Caregivers were primarily female (86%), Caucasian (94%), and living in a 2-caregiver household (79%). Most caregivers reported that their child’s primary care physician (PCP) and GI doctor oversaw their primary care (71%) and their IBD care (94%), respectively. Caregivers were satisfied with communication with their PCP and GI providers (&gt;90%) but did not know how well they communicated with one another (54%). Barriers to primary and GI care varied, and few caregivers (6%) reported unmet healthcare needs. Caregivers and adolescents saw PCPs and GI doctors having important roles in comprehensive care, though specific preferences for care delivery differed.ConclusionCaregivers and adolescent perspectives are essential to developing family-centered care models for children with IBD.
Histological intratumoral heterogeneity in pretreatment esophageal cancer biopsies predicts survival benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy: results from the UK MRC OE02 trial
Authors: Davarzani Naser , Hewitt Lindsay C , Hale Matthew D , Melotte Veerle , Nankivell Matthew , Hutchins Gordon G A , Cunningham David , Allum William H , Langley Ruth E , Jolani Shahab , Grabsch Heike I 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Despite the use of multimodal treatment, survival of esophageal cancer (EC) patients remains poor. One proposed explanation for the relatively poor response to cytotoxic chemotherapy is intratumor heterogeneity. The aim was to establish a statistical model to objectively measure intratumor heterogeneity of the proportion of tumor (IHPoT) and to use this newly developed method to measure IHPoT in the pretreatment biopsies from from EC patients recruited to the OE02 trial. A statistical mixed effect model (MEM) was established for estimating IHPoT based on variation in hematoxylin/eosin (HE) stained pretreatment biopsy pieces from the same individual in 218 OE02 trial patients (103 treated by chemotherapy and surgery (chemo+surgery); 115 patients treated by surgery alone). The relationship between IHPoT, prognosis, chemotherapy survival benefit, and clinicopathological variables was assessed. About 97 (44.5%) and 121 (55.5%) ECs showed high and low IHPoT, respectively. There was no significant difference in IHPoT between surgery (median [range], 0.1637 [0–3.17]) and chemo+surgery (median [range], 0.1692 [0–2.69]) patients (P = 0.43). Chemo+surgery patients with low IHPoT had a significantly longer survival than surgery patients (HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.20–2.75, P = 0.005). There was no survival difference between chemo+surgery and surgery patients with high IHPoT (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.72–1.81, P = 0.566). This is the first study suggesting that IHPoT measured in the pretreatment biopsy can predict chemotherapy survival benefit in EC patients. IHPoT may represent a clinically useful biomarker for patient treatment stratification. Future studies should determine if pathologists can reliably estimate IHPoT.