bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predominant colonization of Malesian mountains by Australian tree lineages
Authors: Brambach Fabian , Leuschner Christoph , Tjoa Aiyen , Culmsee Heike 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimMassive biota mixing due to plate‐tectonic movement has shaped the biogeography of Malesia and during the colonization process, Asian plant lineages have presumably been more successful than their Australian counterparts. We aim to gain a deeper understanding of this colonization asymmetry and its underlying mechanisms by analysing how species richness and abundance of Asian versus Australian tree lineages in three Malesian subregions change along environmental gradients. We hypothesize that differing environmental histories of Asia and Australia, and their relation to habitats in Malesia, have been important factors driving assembly patterns of the Malesian flora.LocationMalesia, particularly Sundaland, the Philippines and Wallacea.TaxonSeed plants (trees).MethodsWe compiled plot‐level data of environmental variables and tree abundances from three Malesian subregions. For each species, we inferred its geographical ancestry (Asian or Australian) based on published phylogenetic studies and the fossil record. We used proportions of Australian versus Asian species and individuals per plot to test how they are related to environmental parameters and geographical position using logistic regression models.ResultsProportionally more Australian (and fewer Asian) tree species and individuals occurred (a) at higher elevations, (b) on sites over ultramafic parent material and (c) closer to their source region Australia with a significant increase of Australian elements east of Wallace's line. The trend was stronger for individuals than for species.Main conclusionsLong‐term environmental similarities between source and sink habitats have shaped the assembly of the Malesian flora: Tree lineages from tropical Southeast Asia predominantly colonized the Malesian lowlands and rich soils, whereas trees from montane refuges in Australia were more successful in the newly emerging Malesian mountains and on poorer soils. The biogeographical patterns caused by the Malesian Floristic Interchange point to the importance of phylogenetic biome conservatism in biotic interchanges and resemble those resulting from the Great American Biotic Interchange in the Neotropics.
Parallel loss of sweet and umami taste receptor function from phocids and otarioids suggests multiple colonizations of the marine realm by pinnipeds
Authors: Wolsan Mieczyslaw , Sato Jun J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimPinnipeds are thought to have evolved from a North Pacific ancestor, although some fossil evidence suggests a nonmarine Arctic origin and separate invasions into the North Pacific and North Atlantic. We here set out to test differing hypotheses about the origin of pinnipeds through identification and age estimation of pinniped marine invasions.LocationArctic, North America, North Atlantic, North Pacific.TaxonPinnipeds (seals, sea lions, walruses and their fossil relatives).MethodsBecause evidence indicates that taste loss in marine mammals and birds results from adaptation to the marine environment, we examined 16 representative pinnipeds for loss‐of‐function mutations in theTAS1R1,TAS1R2andTAS1R3genes encoding the sweet T1R2–T1R3 and umami (savory) T1R1–T1R3 receptors, and used the loss‐of‐function events of these receptors as indicators of marine invasion.ResultsNumerous loss‐of‐function mutations were found in each pinnipedTAS1R(22 inTAS1R1, 21 inTAS1R2and 42 inTAS1R3). Six mutations were shared by all phocids and six other mutations by all otarioids (otariids and odobenids), but none by all phocids and all otarioids. Selective pressures onTAS1R1,TAS1R2andTAS1R3were estimated to have been relaxed, respectively, 16.3, 20.1 and 19.8 million years ago (Myra) in phocids, and 12.1, 18.1 and 18.2 Myra in otarioids.Main conclusionsAllTAS1Rs, T1R1–T1R3 and T1R2–T1R3 are nonfunctional in all extant pinnipeds. Both receptors lost their function approximately 20 Myra in the Phocidae lineage and approximately 18 Myra in the Otarioidea lineage. Both lineages have colonized the marine realm independently, which entails nonmarine origins of both Pinnipedia and its stem lineage. Combined with fossil evidence, molecular findings here suggest an Arctic centre of long‐lasting (approximately 38–18 Myra) nonmarine pinniped evolution and at least five separate marine invasions, with the extinct (enaliarctid, Desmatophocidae,Kolponomos) and Otarioidea lineages entering the North Pacific and the Phocidae lineage the North Atlantic.
Inhibition of cyclin‐dependent kinase 7 down‐regulates yes‐associated protein expression in mesothelioma cells
Authors: Miao Jinbai , Kyoyama Hiroyuki , Liu Luwei , Chan Geraldine , Wang Yucheng , Urisman Anatoly , Yang Yi‐Lin , Liu Shu , Xu Zhidong , Bin Hu , Li Hui , Jablons David M. , You Liang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) is a protein kinase that plays a major role in transcription initiation. Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is a main effector of the Hippo/YAP signalling pathway. Here, we investigated the role of CDK7 on YAP regulation in human malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). We found that in microarray samples of human MPM tissue, immunohistochemistry staining showed correlation between the expression level of CDK7 and YAP (n = 70, r = .513). In MPM cells, CDK7 expression level was significantly correlated with GTIIC reporter activity (r = .886, P = .019). Inhibition of CDK7 by siRNA decreased the YAP protein level and the GTIIC reporter activity in the MPM cell lines 211H, H290 and H2052. Degradation of the YAP protein was accelerated after CDK7 knockdown in 211H, H290 and H2052 cells. Inhibition of CDK7 reduced tumour cell migration and invasion, as well as tumorsphere formation ability. Restoration of the CDK7 gene rescued the YAP protein level and GTIIC reporter activity after siRNA knockdown in 211H and H2052 cells. Finally, we performed a co‐immunoprecipitation analysis using an anti‐YAP antibody and captured the CDK7 protein in 211H cells. Our results suggest that CDK7 inhibition reduces the YAP protein level by promoting its degradation and suppresses the migration and invasion of MPM cells. Cyclin‐dependent kinase 7 may be a promising therapeutic target for MPM.
Statistical optimization for precipitation of bioactive compounds from extracted Centella asiatica using gas anti‐solvent technique
Authors: Charoenchaitrakool Manop , Niamnuy Chalida , Dittanet Peerapan , Chantes Ornkanit , Chuangyang Pattamaporn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCentella asiatica is a well‐known herbal medicine used for antioxidant and antibacterial purposes. Main compounds in the group of triterpene saponins, namely, asiaticoside, asiatic acid, madecassoside, and madecassic acid are considered as the active compounds. These active ingredients were extracted from C. asiatica dried powder by the maceration method. The extracted solution was then used as a starting solution for the gas anti‐solvent (GAS) precipitation. The effects of % ethanol in a mixed solvent of ethanol and methanol (0–100%), carbon dioxide flow rate (3–9 ml/min), and temperature (25–45°C) on the amount of precipitates were investigated using a Box–Behnken design of experiments. It was found that % ethanol in the mixed solvent was significant at 5% significance level on madecassoside, asiaticoside, and total triterpene saponins. Higher amounts of total triterpene saponins could be precipitated when using low % ethanol and low temperature. At the optimal conditions, the amount of madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, and asiatic acid were found to be 5,733 ± 537, 2,948 ± 249, 1,678 ± 163, and 436 ± 17 μg/5 ml of extracted solution, respectively. In the antioxidant studies, the highest Trolox equivalent found in the GAS products using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2‐azion‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazo line‐6‐sulphonic acid assays was 5,622 ± 336 and 10,729 ± 820 μg/5 ml of extracted solution.Practical applicationsThe novelty of this work covers the feasibility of applying gas anti‐solvent (GAS) technique for precipitation of bioactive compounds from extracted Centella asiatica and a statistical optimization of the operating parameters on the highest amount of precipitates. This work is important for extraction and purification applications focused on obtaining high purity of bioactive compounds from crude extracts. The use of dense CO2 as an anti‐solvent not only requires mild operating conditions but also provides a solvent‐free product. Therefore, the application of the GAS process can then be extended to precipitate active ingredients from other herbal extracts.
Combination of antioxidants and NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) inhibitor protects auditory hair cells from ototoxic insult
Authors: Sekulic‐Jablanovic Marijana , Voronkova Krystsina , Bodmer Daniel , Petkovic Vesna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHair cell (HC) degeneration causes hearing loss in millions of people worldwide. Aminoglycoside exposure is one major cause of sensory HC damage. Aminoglycosides generate free radicals within the inner ear, permanently damaging sensory cells, and thus causing hearing loss. Hearing protection requires strategies to overcome the apparently irreversible loss of HCs in mammals. The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) inhibitor 11R‐VIVIT reportedly protects HCs from gentamicin toxicity. Here we investigated whether the combination of 11R‐VIVIT with the antioxidant L‐carnitine or N‐acetylcysteine could protect mouse cochlear HCs from gentamicin damage. Compared to single‐component treatment, combined treatment with 11R‐VIVIT plus L‐carnitine yielded significant protection from gentamicin, and 11R‐VIVIT plus N‐acetylcysteine provided almost complete protection of HCs from gentamicin. Caspase activity in organ of Corti was significantly reduced by combined treatment with 11R‐VIVIT + N‐acetylcysteine + gentamicin, compared to 11R‐VIVIT + gentamicin or gentamicin alone. Analysis of relative gene expression by qPCR revealed down‐regulation of the pro‐apoptotic genes Fasl and Casp9, and up‐regulation of the antioxidant genes Hmox1 and Nrf2 after treatment with 11R‐VIVIT + N‐acetylcysteine + gentamicin, compared to single‐compound treatment or gentamicin alone in cultures. Selective NFAT inhibition by 11R‐VIVIT may be a good strategy for preventing gentamicin‐induced HC damage. L‐carnitine and N‐acetylcysteine, with their ROS‐reducing properties, contribute to the synergistic effectiveness with 11R‐VIVIT by decreasing ROS‐induced NFAT translocation. Our data suggest that a combined approach of NFAT inhibition together with an antioxidant, like N‐acetylcysteine, could be useful for hearing loss treatment and/or prevention.
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Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.14759.
EFFECTS OF HIV/AIDS ON CHILDREN'S EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: P. Zinyemba Tatenda , Pavlova Milena , Groot Wim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOver the last three decades, 35 million people have died of AIDS. As a result, HIV/AIDS has brought about a significant reduction in human capital, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. Several studies have examined the effects of HIV/AIDS on human capital, in particular educational attainment. These studies have examined different countries, datasets, and educational outcomes. This systematic literature review provides a comprehensive up‐to‐date overview of peer‐reviewed papers published in English by focusing on the main mechanisms that influence the effects of HIV/AIDS on educational outcomes. These are sickness of the child, orphanhood, and sickness of parents. The results show that educational outcomes of HIV‐infected children, AIDS orphans, and children with HIV‐infected parents are affected differently. HIV‐infected children mainly miss school days due to illness and medical appointments, and orphans mainly face financial problems and lack motivation in their education, while children with HIV‐infected parents may have to take care of their sick parents or face financial problems that affect their education. Distinguishing these groups of children could help to formulate policies that adequately improve schooling outcomes of these vulnerable children.
The constancy of galactic cosmic rays as recorded by cosmogenic nuclides in iron meteorites
Authors: Smith Thomas , Cook David L. , Merchel Silke , Pavetich Stefan , Rugel Georg , Scharf Andreas , Leya Ingo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe measured the He, Ne, and Ar isotopic concentrations and the 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, and 41Ca concentrations in 56 iron meteorites of groups IIIAB, IIAB, IVA, IC, IIA, IIB, and one ungrouped. From 41Ca and 36Cl data, we calculated terrestrial ages indistinguishable from zero for six samples, indicating recent falls, up to 562 ± 86 ka. Three of the studied meteorites are falls. The data for the other 47 irons confirm that terrestrial ages for iron meteorites can be as long as a few hundred thousand years even in relatively humid conditions. The 36Cl‐36Ar cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages range from 4.3 ± 0.4 Ma to 652 ± 99 Ma. By including literature data, we established a consistent and reliable CRE age database for 67 iron meteorites. The high quality of the CRE ages enables us to study structures in the CRE age histogram more reliably. At first sight, the CRE age histogram shows peaks at about 400 and 630 Ma. After correction for pairing, the updated CRE age histogram comprises 41 individual samples and shows no indications of temporal periodicity, especially not if one considers each iron meteorite group separately. Our study contradicts the hypothesis of periodic GCR intensity variations (Shaviv 2002, 2003), confirming other studies indicating that there are no periodic structures in the CRE age histogram (e.g., Rahmstorf et al. 2004; Jahnke 2005). The data contradict the hypothesis that periodic GCR intensity variations might have triggered periodic Earth climate changes. The 36Cl‐36Ar CRE ages are on average 40% lower than the 41K‐K CRE ages (e.g., Voshage 1967). This offset can either be due to an offset in the 41K‐K dating system or due to a significantly lower GCR intensity in the time interval 195–656 Ma compared to the recent past. A 40% lower GCR intensity, however, would have increased the Earth temperature by up to 2 °C, which seems unrealistic and leaves an ill‐defined 41K‐K CRE age system the most likely explanation. Finally, we present new 26Al/21Ne and 10Be/21Ne production rate ratios of 0.32 ± 0.01 and 0.44 ± 0.03, respectively.
Secreted protein with altered thrombospondin repeat (SPATR) is essential for asexual blood stages but not required for hepatocyte invasion by the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Gupta Roshni , Mishra Akancha , Choudhary Hadi Hasan , Narwal Sunil Kumar , Nayak Bandita , Srivastava Pratik Narain , Mishra Satish 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUpon entering its mammalian host, the malaria parasite productively invades two distinct cell types, that is, hepatocytes and erythrocytes during which several adhesins/invasins are thought to be involved. Many surface‐located proteins containing thrombospondin Type I repeat (TSR) which help establish host–parasite molecular crosstalk have been shown to be essential for mammalian infection. Previous reports indicated that antibodies produced against Plasmodium falciparum secreted protein with altered thrombospondin repeat (SPATR) block hepatocyte invasion by sporozoites but no genetic evidence of its contribution to invasion has been reported. After failing to generate Spatr knockout in Plasmodium berghei blood stages, a conditional mutagenesis system was employed. Here, we show that SPATR plays an essential role during parasite's blood stages. Mutant salivary gland sporozoites exhibit normal motility, hepatocyte invasion, liver stage development and rupture of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane resulting in merosome formation. But these mutant hepatic merozoites failed to establish a blood stage infection in vivo. We provide direct evidence that SPATR is not required for hepatocyte invasion but plays an essential role during the blood stages of P. berghei.
A case of multiple cerebral cavernomas associated with en coup de sabre scleroderma
Authors: Alwash Noor , Dinani Naila , Felton Jessie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLinear scleroderma is a form of localized scleroderma that presents as band‐like sclerotic lesions. When it occurs on the scalp or forehead, it is called “en coup de sabre scleroderma" (ECDS). Extracutaneous associations, mostly neurologic, have been described with ECDS. We report a patient with ECDS associated with multiple cerebral cavernomas. This serves to highlight the importance of neuroimaging and multidisciplinary team involvement in patients with ECDS.
Deep Learning Models for Health and Safety Risk Prediction in Power Infrastructure Projects
Authors: Ajayi Anuoluwapo , Oyedele Lukumon , Owolabi Hakeem , Akinade Olugbenga , Bilal Muhammad , Davila Delgado Juan Manuel , Akanbi Lukman 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInappropriate management of health and safety (H&S) risk in power infrastructure projects can result in occupational accidents and equipment damage. Accidents at work have detrimental effects on workers, company, and the general public. Despite the availability of H&S incident data, utilizing them to mitigate accident occurrence effectively is challenging due to inherent limitations of existing data logging methods. In this study, we used a text‐mining approach for retrieving meaningful terms from data and develop six deep learning (DL) models for H&S risks management in power infrastructure. The DL models include DNNclassify (risk or no risk), DNNreg1 (loss time), DNNreg2 (body injury), DNNreg3 (plant and fleet), DNNreg4 (equipment), and DNNreg5 (environment). An H&S risk database obtained from a leading UK power infrastructure construction company was used in developing the models using the H2O framework of the R language. Performances of DL models were assessed and benchmarked with existing models using test data and appropriate performance metrics. The overall accuracy of the classification model was 0.93. The average R2 value for the five regression models was 0.92, with mean absolute error between 0.91 and 0.94. The presented results, in addition to the developed user‐interface module, will help practitioners obtain a better understanding of H&S challenges, minimize project costs (such as third‐party insurance and equipment repairs), and offer effective strategies to mitigate H&S risk.
Effects of a heat and moisture exchanger on respiratory function and symptoms post–cold air exercise
Authors: Frischhut Clemens , Kennedy Michael D. , Niedermeier Martin , Faulhaber Martin 
Published: November 2019

PurposeExercise at temperatures below −15°C induces drying and cooling of lung airways which causes exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and respiratory symptoms, especially in winter sport athletes. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) worn during intense cold air exercise improves lung function and reduces respiratory symptoms in healthy winter sport athletes.MethodsSeven active males and six active females (maximum oxygen uptake 61.9 ± 6.9 and 52.2 ± 5.3 mL/kg/min), all active or former winter sport athletes, completed running trials with and without HME in random order on 2 days in an environmental chamber (−20°C temperature, humidity 46.2%). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 25%‐75% (FEF25%‐75%), and FEF at 50% (FEF50%) were measured pre‐ and post‐exercise (3, 6, 10, 15, and 20 minutes). Respiratory symptoms were reported after exercise.ResultsSignificant interaction effects were observed for FEV1 and FEF25%‐75%. Mean decrease of FVC (−5.9%, P ≤ .001) and FEV1 (−4.2%, P = .003) was largest 3 minutes post‐exercise without HME. There was an increase of FEV1, FEF25%‐75%, and FEF50% post‐exercise compared to pre‐exercise with HME. More respiratory symptoms overall were reported without HME (P = .046).ConclusionIntense cold air exercise likely causes transient acute bronchoconstriction and symptoms of cough in individuals participating in winter sports. However, this study finds that the application of an HME during intense cold air exercise improves lung function and reduces prevalence of EIB‐associated symptoms compared to unprotected intense cold air exercise.
Improvement of exercise capacity following neonatal respiratory failure: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Toussaint‐Duyster Leontien C. C. , van der Cammen‐van Zijp Monique H. M. , Takken Tim , Harmsen Wouter J. , Tibboel Dick , van Heijst Arno F. J. , de Blaauw Ivo , Wijnen Rene M. H. , van Rosmalen Joost , IJsselstijn Hanneke 
Published: November 2019

Exercise capacity deteriorates in school‐aged children born with major anatomical foregut anomalies and/or treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether exercise capacity can be improved in the short term and long term in children born with anatomical foregut anomalies and/or treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Therefore, we evaluated two different interventions in this single‐blinded randomized controlled trial. Forty participants were randomly assigned to group A: standardized anaerobic high‐intensity interval training plus online lifestyle coaching program, B: online lifestyle coaching program only, or C: standard of care. Inclusion criteria were as follows: score ≤−1 standard deviation (SD) on the Bruce protocol. Exercise capacity was assessed at baseline (T0), after 3 months (T1), and after 12 months (T2). Exercise capacity improved over time: mean (SD) standard deviation score (SDS) endurance time: T0 −1.91 (0.73); T1 −1.35 (0.94); T2 −1.20 (1.03): both P < .001. No significant differences in maximal endurance time were found at T1 (group A‐C: estimated mean difference (SDS): 0.06 P = .802; group B‐C: −0.17 P = .733) or T2 (group A‐C: −0.13 P = .635; group B‐C: −0.18 P = .587). Exercise capacity improved significantly over time, irrespective of the study arm. Not only residual morbidities may be responsible for reduced exercise capacity. Parental awareness of reduced exercise capacity rather than specific interventions may have contributed. Monitoring of exercise tolerance and providing counseling on lifestyle factors that improve physical activity should be part of routine care, and aftercare should be offered on an individual basis.
The JA‐pathway MYC transcription factors regulate photomorphogenic responses by targeting HY5 gene expression
Authors: Ortigosa Andrés , Fonseca Sandra , Franco‐Zorrilla José M. , Fernández‐Calvo Patricia , Zander Mark , Lewsey Mathew G. , García‐Casado Gloria , Fernández‐Barbero Gemma , Ecker Joseph R. , Solano Roberto 
Published: November 2019

SummaryJasmonates are key regulators of the balance between defence and growth in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms by which activation of defence reduces growth are not yet fully understood. Here, we analyze the role of MYC transcription factors (TFs) and jasmonic acid (JA) in photomorphogenic growth. We found that multiple myc mutants share light‐associated phenotypes with mutants of the phytochrome B photoreceptor, such as delayed seed germination in the dark and long hypocotyl growth. Overexpression of MYC2 in a phyB background partially suppressed its long hypocotyl phenotype. Transcriptomic analysis of multiple myc mutants confirmed that MYCs are required for full expression of red (R) light‐regulated genes, including the master regulator HY5. ChIP‐seq analyses revealed that MYC2 and MYC3 bind directly to the promoter of HY5 and that HY5 gene expression and protein levels are compromised in multiple myc mutants. Altogether, our results pinpoint MYCs as photomorphogenic TFs that control phytochrome responses by activating HY5 expression. This has important implications in understanding the trade‐off between growth and defence as the same TFs that activate defence responses are photomorphogenic growth regulators.