bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cystic Lateral Lymph Node Metastases From Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Kim Jin Kyong , Kim Min Jhi , Choi Sun Hyung , Choi Soon Min , Choi Hye Ryeon , Lee Cho Rok , Kang Sang‐Wook , Lee Jandee , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee‐Hyun , Chung Woong Youn 
Published: April 2020

Objectives/HypothesisPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tends to metastasize rather early to local lymph nodes (LNs). Incidences of cystic LN metastases is relatively rare compared with that of solid LN metastases. Few studies have attempted to assess the characteristics in these patients. This study aimed to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes between patients with cystic LN metastases and those with solid LN metastases.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 1,028 patients with N1b PTC who underwent bilateral total thyroidectomy with central compartment neck dissection and modified radical neck dissection between January 2005 and September 2011. Of these, 136 (13.2%) had cystic LN metastases and 892 (86.8%) had solid LN metastases. Clinicopathologic characteristics and surgical outcomes were compared between these two patient groups.ResultsThe proportion of patients with thyroid tumor multifocality was relatively higher in the cystic node cohort (19.9% vs. 12.7%, P = .048). The number of total metastatic LNs and positive lateral LNs was slightly higher in the cystic node cohort (11.3 ± 8.9 vs. 9.7 ± 7.5, P = .029 and 6.9 ± 6.3 vs. 5.5 ± 4.6, P = .018, respectively). The proportion of patients with recurrence was higher in the cystic node cohort (14.0% vs. 3.0%, P < .001). Multivariate analysis indicated that cystic nodes were a significant risk factor for recurrence (hazard ratio: 5.265, 95% confidence interval: 2.898‐9.563).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that cystic lateral LN metastases are associated with aggressive tumor behavior in PTC patients. and that their presence is a significant independent prognostic factor for disease‐free survival.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 2020
Sinonasal pathophysiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19: A systematic review of the current evidence
Authors: Gengler Isabelle , Wang James C. , Speth Marlene M. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (2019 coronavirus disease [COVID‐19]), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus, is highly contagious with high morbidity and mortality. The role of the nasal and paranasal sinus cavities is increasingly recognized for COVID‐19 symptomatology and transmission. We therefore conducted a systematic review, synthesizing existing scientific evidence about sinonasal pathophysiology in COVID‐19.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsSystematic searches were performed of all indexed studies in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane databases through 28 March 2020 and studies searchable on preprints.com (including ArXiv and Scilit repositories) through 30 March 2020. Data extraction focused on sinonasal pathophysiology in COVID‐19.ResultsA total of 19 studies were identified. The sinonasal cavity may be a major site of infection by SARS‐CoV‐2, where susceptibility genes required for infection are expressed at high levels and may be modulated by environmental and host factors. Viral shedding appears to be highest from the nose, therefore reflecting a major source for transmission. This has been highlighted by multiple reports of health care‐associated infection (HAI) during rhinologic procedures, which are now consequently considered to be high risk for SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission to health care workers. While sinonasal symptomatology, such as rhinorrhea or congestion, appears to be a rarer symptom of COVID‐19, anosmia without nasal obstruction is reported as highly specific predictor of COVID‐19+ patients.ConclusionSinonasal pathophysiology is increasingly important in our understanding of COVID‐19. The sinonasal tract may be an important site of infection while sinonasal viral shedding may be an important transmission mechanism—including HAI. Anosmia without nasal obstruction may be a highly specific indicator of COVID‐19.Level of Evidence2a.
Nodular Classic Kaposi's Sarcoma Treated With Neodymium‐Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser Delivered Through a Tilted Angle: Outcome and 12‐Month Follow Up
Authors: Nasca Maria Rita , Luppino Ivano , Spurio Catena Alessio , Micali Giuseppe 
Published: April 2020

Background and ObjectivesClassic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal angioproliferative disorder with a long and indolent course typically affecting the lower extremities of elderly men. Multiple nodules with a rapid growth may sometimes develop, causing pain, bleeding, and discomfort on walking. In such cases, immediate intervention using different methods, including laser therapy, is advisable. We report our experience in classic KS patients with the use of neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser delivered through a tilted angle.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA total of 81 KS nodules (0.5–3 cm size) located in the feet or lower limbs of nine patients (mean age: 78.8 years; age range: 64–86 years) were selected for treatment with Nd:YAG laser (5–7 mm spot, 140–200 J/cm2 fluence, 5 ms triple pulse with 10 ms delay). The laser beam was delivered at the periphery of each nodule using a tilted angle of 30° to 60° according to lesion size in order to better target the feeding vessels located in the inner and basal depth of the lesion and minimize tissue damage. The treatment outcome was evaluated by clinical photograph, videodermatoscopy, and ultrasound scanning performed before and after treatment, and at each monthly follow‐up visit.ResultsAll treated patients showed full recovery, with negligible scarring, no residual hyperpigmentation, and complete regression of pain. Treatment discomfort was minimal and use of topical anesthetics was not needed. No recurrences were observed at 12‐month follow up.ConclusionsLong‐pulse Nd:YAG laser delivered using a tilted angle is a fast, easy, effective, comfortable, and safe treatment option available to promptly shrink bulky, painful, or bleeding nodules with minimal discomfort and gives excellent functional and cosmetic results. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
USF1‐induced overexpression of long noncoding RNA WDFY3‐AS2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression via targeting miR‐491‐5p/ZNF703 axis
Authors: Ren Ping , Hong Xiaodong , Chang Liang , Xing Lei , Zhang Hong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common diagnosed pathological categories of lung cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been manifested to be key regulators in modulating multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the pathologic role of lncRNA WDFY3‐AS2 in LUAD remains elusive. The relative messenger RNA and protein levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses, respectively. Colony formation, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling, wound‐healing, and transwell invasion assays were performed to study the underlying role of WDFY3‐AS2 in LUAD. Luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA pull down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to probe into the interactions between relevant genes. WDFY3‐AS2 expression was elevated in LUAD and WDFY3‐AS2 transcription was activated by transcription factor USF1. Silencing WDFY3‐AS2 could suppress cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas accelerate cell apoptosis in LUAD. Molecular mechanism assays revealed that WDFY3‐AS2 could bind to miR‐491‐5p and miR‐491‐5p inhibition could reverse the inhibitory effect of WDFY3‐AS2 silence on LUAD progression. Besides, zinc finger protein 703 (ZNF703) was identified as a downstream target of miR‐491‐5p and its expression could be upregulated by WDFY3‐AS2. Further, rescue assays uncovered that ZNF703 overexpression could restore the suppressive influence of silenced WDFY3‐AS2 on LUAD development. USF1‐acitvated WDFY3‐AS2 promotes LUAD progression via targeting miR‐491‐5p/ZNF703 axis, suggesting the potential value of WDFY3‐AS2 as a novel target for LUAD treatment.
19F MRI of human lungs at 0.5 Tesla using octafluorocyclobutane
Authors: Pavlova Olga S. , Anisimov Nikolay V. , Gervits Lev L. , Gulyaev Mikhail V. , Semenova Valentina N. , Pirogov Yury A. , Panchenko Vladislav Ya. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of fluorine‐19 (19F) MRI of the human lungs using octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB, C4F8). This gas has 8 magnetically equivalent fluorine nuclei and relatively long T1 and T2 (˜50 ms), which render it suitable as an MRI contrast agent. Previous experiments in small laboratory animals showed that OFCB could be successfully used as an alternative to the gases often used for 19F MRI (sulfur hexafluoride and perfluoropropane).MethodsOne male volunteer participated in this study. Immediately before an MRI scan, the volunteer inhaled the gas mixture—80% OFCB with 20% oxygen—and held his breath. Experiments were performed on a 0.5T whole‐body MR scanner with a customized transmit–receive coil tuned at 19F frequency. Fast spin echo in 2D and 3D modes was used for image acquisition. 2D images were obtained with in‐plane resolution of 10 × 10 mm2 without slice selection. 3D images were obtained with the voxel size of 10 × 10 × 30 mm2. Breath‐hold duration was 20 s for 2D and 40 s for 3D imaging, respectively.ResultsAnatomically consistent 19F MR images of the human lungs were obtained with SNR around 50 in 2D mode and 20 in 3D mode. 3D volumetric images of the lungs were reconstructed and provided physiologically reasonable volume estimates.ConclusionThe application of OFCB enables informative 19F lung imaging even at low magnetic field strengths. The OFCB gas shows promise as an inhalable contrast agent for fluorine lung MRI and has a potential for clinical translation.
MRI reconstruction using deep Bayesian estimation
Authors: Luo Guanxiong , Zhao Na , Jiang Wenhao , Hui Edward S. , Cao Peng 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo develop a deep learning‐based Bayesian estimation for MRI reconstruction.MethodsWe modeled the MRI reconstruction problem with Bayes’s theorem, following the recently proposed PixelCNN++ method. The image reconstruction from incomplete k‐space measurement was obtained by maximizing the posterior possibility. A generative network was utilized as the image prior, which was computationally tractable, and the k‐space data fidelity was enforced by using an equality constraint. The stochastic backpropagation was utilized to calculate the descent gradient in the process of maximum a posterior, and a projected subgradient method was used to impose the equality constraint. In contrast to the other deep learning reconstruction methods, the proposed one used the likelihood of prior as the training loss and the objective function in reconstruction to improve the image quality.ResultsThe proposed method showed an improved performance in preserving image details and reducing aliasing artifacts, compared with GRAPPA, ‐ESPRiT, model‐based deep learning architecture for inverse problems (MODL), and variational network (VN), last two were state‐of‐the‐art deep learning reconstruction methods. The proposed method generally achieved more than 3 dB peak signal‐to‐noise ratio improvement for compressed sensing and parallel imaging reconstructions compared with the other methods.ConclusionsThe Bayesian estimation significantly improved the reconstruction performance, compared with the conventional ‐sparsity prior in compressed sensing reconstruction tasks. More importantly, the proposed reconstruction framework can be generalized for most MRI reconstruction scenarios.
In Search of a Cost-Effective Approach for Estimating Dam Passage Survival
Authors: Harnish Ryan , Skalski John , Townsend Rich , Ham Kenneth 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Passage of downstream-migrating fishes through hydropower dams poses a management issue in rivers throughout the world. As such, regulations have been enacted at many locales to understand and limit fish losses by requiring dam passage survival estimation. However, limiting estimates of survival to the dam and immediate tailrace presents a challenge to researchers. In this study, two alternative release–recapture methods were used to estimate dam passage survival of juvenile salmonids through Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, Washington, in 2018. One approach, the virtual/paired-release (ViPRe) model, was extensively used in the Columbia–Snake River basin at federally operated hydroelectric dams during 2010–2014. This existing approach uses three releases of tagged smolts to isolate dam passage survival, defined as survival from the upstream dam face to the tailrace mixing zone 1–2 km downstream of the dam. An alternative approach, the virtual release/dead-fish correction (ViRDCt) model, uses one live-release group paired with a release of dead tagged fish at the dam to estimate the same survival parameter. The alternative estimation approaches were tested on two spring out-migrating stocks, yearling Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, and on a summer out-migrating stock of subyearling Chinook Salmon. The alternative estimates for these stocks were all within 1 SE. However, the ViRDCt model produced survival estimates with SEs that were 59% smaller than those of the existing ViPRe model and did so using 42% fewer tagged fish and one less downstream acoustic detection array. Because of the reduced sample size, nearly US$540,000 less in tag costs and 4,000 fewer labor-hours were required to implement the ViRDCt model compared to the ViPRe model. As such, the ViRDCt model represents a cost-effective and precise approach to characterizing dam passage survival.
Most noninvasive prenatal screens failing due to inadequate fetal cell free DNA are negative for trisomy when repeated
Authors: Lopes Jaime L. , Lopes Guilherme S. , Enninga Elizabeth A. L. , Kearney Hutton M. , Hoppman Nicole L. , Rowsey Ross A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to test for an association between the amount of circulating fetal cell‐free DNA and trisomy, and whether NIPS failure due to low fetal fraction indicates trisomy risk.MethodMaternal BMI, maternal age, fetal sex, gestational age, fetal cfDNA fraction, and NIPS results was collected on 2374 pregnancies. Additional clinical information was available for 1180 research consented patients. We investigated associations between fetal fraction and available variables and determined the success rate of repeat NIPS testing.ResultsFetal trisomy was marginally associated with decreased fetal fraction (P = .067). However, the proportions of trisomy events were not significantly increased in women who had failed NIPS due to low fetal fraction (<4%) (OR = 1.37 [0.3‐7.4]; P = .714). 66% of repeated NIPS after a second blood draw were successful.ConclusionFailure to meet the clinical cutoff of 4% fetal fraction established for NIPS accuracy did not suggest increased risk for trisomy in our cohort. Because repeat testing was successful in the majority of cases and most failures were explained by high BMI and low gestational age, a redraw may be an appropriate next step before invasive screening due to concerns for trisomic pregnancies.
Chemical modification of poly(1‐butene) resins through reactive processing
Authors: Zhang Xiaorong , Tzoganakis Costas , Zatloukal Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractControlled‐rheology poly(1‐butene) resins have been produced by chemical modification of commodity poly(1‐butene) (PB‐1) resins through reactive processing with an organic peroxide. Using various amounts of peroxide, samples have been produced and have been analyzed in terms of their molecular and rheological properties. Molecular weight distributions (MWD) as determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) indicate that polydispersity (PDI) remains approximately constant but weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) decreases with increasing peroxide concentration. These trends are in agreement with predictions from a kinetic model previously developed for the production of controlled‐rheology polypropylene. Linear viscoelastic measurements indicate that the modified samples are thermorheologically simple and that zero‐shear viscosity decreases with increasing peroxide concentration while flow activation energy remains approximately constant. Finally, no significant variation in melting and crystallization properties was observed for the range of peroxide concentrations used. Based on these results, it is proposed that tailor‐made controlled‐rheology poly(1‐butene) resins can be produced easily through reactive extrusion operations similar to those used for the production of controlled‐rheology polypropylene (CRPP).
Rheological, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of blends poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate), thermoplastic starch, and cellulose nanoparticles
Authors: da Silva Jania Betania Alves , Bretas Rosário Elida Suman , Lucas Alessandra Almeida , Marini Juliano , da Silva Aline Bruna , Santana Jamille Santos , Pereira Fabiano Vargas , Druzian Janice Izabel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of the present study was the preparation and characterization of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends reinforced with cellulose nanoparticles (CNCs) by extrusion. The work was conducted in four steps. Initially, the CNCs were prepared from eucalyptus cellulose pulp by acid hydrolysis. The second step was the preparation of the nanocomposite (TPS‐CNC), composed of cassava starch, CNC, glycerol, and citric and stearic acids, by double screw extrusion. The third step was the preparation of PBAT/TPS‐CNC blends in twin‐screw extruders. In the fourth step, the films were produced by flat extrusion. Blends exhibited similar rheological behavior, increasing the CNC concentration in blends increased the viscosity as a function of the shear rate, and altered the behavior of the shear storage (G′) and shear loss (G″) curves as a function of the oscillation frequency (ω). The presence of CNC in blend provided improvements significant in mechanical properties, with 120% increase in Young's modulus, and 46% increase in maximum tensile. Thermal behavior (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) was altered with the incorporation of the CNC, showing a single melt peak (Tm) and a slight increase in Tg, indicating good dispersion between the phases of the blends, corroborating with the fracture surface microscopy of films.
Management of children with tuberculous broncho‐esophageal fistulae
Authors: Goussard Pierre , Andronikou Savvas , Morrison Julie , van Wyk Lizelle , Mfingwana Lunga , Janson Jacques T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionBroncho‐esophageal fistula (BOF) is a rare complication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). TB‐associated BOF presents either as acute respiratory failure, aspiration pneumonia or as a complication of surgical decompression of thoracic lymph nodes.MethodsAll children with TB‐ associated BOF were included. TB was diagnosed if MTB was cultured from respiratory secretions, Ziehl‐Neelsen (ZN) smear was positive, GeneXpert MTB/RIF was positive or a chest radiograph revealed radiographic features typical of TB. BOF was diagnosed by a contrast swallow study and/or flexible bronchoscopy. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, if required.ResultsTotal of 20 children were diagnosed with TB‐associated BOF between 1999 and 2019, with a 75% survival. A total of 85% BOF involved the left main bronchus. A total of 80% of patients were MTB culture or ZN smear‐positive. Chest X‐ray abnormalities included: extensive parenchymal disease (80%) and lymph gland enlargement (45%). CT features included visualization of the BOF (60%), esophageal air (73%) and pneumomediastinum (40%). BOF closure was achieved by surgical closure (46%), spontaneous closure (26%), fibrin glue (13%), and esophageal stent (13%). Multivariant regression analysis showed that C‐ reactive protein (CRP), albumin and CRP/albumin ratio were associated with mortality.ConclusionMost TB‐associated BOF are left‐sided. It presents either acutely, with respiratory failure, or with chronic respiratory symptoms of aspiration. Children requiring invasive ventilation have high mortality. Most TB‐associated BOF requires surgical intervention, although the use of fibrin glue offers an attractive alternative option.
Idea twins: Simultaneous discoveries as a research tool
Authors: Bikard Michaël 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryOver half a century after Merton's (1963) description of simultaneous discoveries “as a strategic research site” for social science, they are hardly ever studied. This paper illustrates the potential of this phenomenon as a research tool. First, I describe their vast theoretical potential for strategy and innovation research and review prior works on the topic. Second, I describe a new method that generates lists of recent simultaneous discoveries in science systematically and automatically using openly available sources. Third, I make the resulting dataset available for anyone to use.Managerial SummaryDespite much anecdotal evidence that different people can simultaneously come up with essentially the same creative idea, little attention has been given to this phenomenon. Yet, “idea twins” have a deep impact on creative workers, and can teach us a lot about strategy and innovation. In this paper, I describe their potential as a research tool and the types of questions they can help to answer. I also propose a method to “harvest” simultaneous discoveries in science and provide a dataset that includes thousands of examples.
TAMSAT
Authors: Maidment Ross , Black Emily , Greatrex Helen , Young Matthew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRainfall monitoring over Africa using satellite imagery is essential given the lack of land-based rainfall measurements and the dependency of economies largely based on climate-sensitive practices. Motivated by a need to monitor rainfall deficits and its impact on crop yield over the Sahel, the TAMSAT Group have, since the 1980s, helped pioneer the use of Meteosat thermal infrared (TIR) imagery for rainfall estimation using cold cloud duration (CCD). Unlike other TIR-based algorithms, the TAMSAT algorithm, which is calibrated using rain gauges, varies spatially and temporally to account for the strong spatial and seasonal changes in the rainfall climate across Africa. TAMSAT produce high-resolution (0.0375°), operational rainfall estimates from 1983 to the delayed present for all Africa, at the daily to seasonal time-step. Currently, TAMSAT is only one of a handful of datasets that provide long-term (+30 years) and sub-monthly rainfall estimates for Africa. The data, whose skill is comparable or better (depending on the metric) than other satellite products, are used by a variety of stakeholders in the commercial, humanitarian, agricultural and financial sectors. The temporal consistency and longevity of the TAMSAT record makes it a valuable dataset for climate monitoring and risk assessment.