bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional binning: improving convergence of Eulerian statistics from Lagrangian particle tracking
Authors: Godbersen Philipp , Schröder Andreas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the analysis of Lagrangian particle tracking data, ensemble averaging with spatial bins is used to generate Eulerian flow statistics. Due to the scattered nature of the particles over independent snapshots, the possible spatial resolution is directly dependent on the measured particle position accuracy and the amount of available data. This requires a balance between convergence of the underlying statistic and the bin resolution. Current binning approaches use the velocity information of the particle positions at single time steps directly and do not exploit the additional information available from the temporal filtering of the tracking process. We present a novel functional approach to the binning procedure that extracts all available information from the particle tracks and improves convergence speed. For a given experiment this allows for higher resolution of flow statistics than classical approaches or alternatively to reduce the necessary amount of data required for a given resolution. Furthermore, uncertainty measures from the particles position, velocity and acceleration can be propagated directly by weighting coefficients.
Experimental study of the size-dependent photoluminescence emission of CBD-grown PbSe nanocrystals on glass
Authors: Hemati Tahere , Weng Binbin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this work, we study the size-dependent properties of Photoluminescence (PL) emissions of PbSe Nanocrystals (NCs) grown by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) method. In previous studies, PL emissions have been tuned by CBD-grown PbSe, and the growth mechanism was dependent on crystalized substrates such as GaAs. In this research, however, PL emissions are controlled over the midinfrared (MIR) range, through PbSe NCs, which are deposited on glass as an amorphous material. This study proposes an alternative approach to control PL emissions, which provides us with more freedom to fabricate low-cost MIR light sources as crucial components in remote sensing and gas analysis. Moreover, in this study, the advantage of the post-thermal method to control the NCs size, compared to the growth temperature, is shown.
Pharmacist-led transitions-of-care program reduces 30-day readmission rates for Medicare patients in a large health system
Authors: Miller Daryl , Ramsey Melissa , L’Hommedieu Timothy R , Verbosky Lauren 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose
This report describes the growth and development of the Pharmacy Transitions of Care (PTOC) program at a Florida health system and examines its impact on 30-day readmission rates for Medicare core-measure patients.

Summary
BayCare Health System is a large not-for-profit community health system with 15 hospitals in central Florida. In 2015, the PTOC program was developed to integrate 2 pharmacists into the transitions-of-care space to reduce readmissions, enhance patient care, and improve medication safety. The PTOC program focuses on traditional Medicare beneficiaries 65 years of age or older with the goal of preventing 30-day readmissions. The service model includes integration of a pharmacist into the discharge medication reconciliation process, as well as postacute care telephonic follow-up. Data and outcomes have been carefully tracked since program inception and consistently demonstrate a reduction in 30-day readmissions, with a 63% relative risk reduction during the beginning phases of the program and a ratio of observed to expected readmissions of 0.77. As a result, in less than 3 years the PTOC program has grown from 2 to 23 pharmacists and is a key component of BayCare Health System’s patient care strategy.

Conclusion
Medication reconciliation, clinical interventions, and patient education by pharmacists after hospital discharge reduced 30-day readmission rates for Medicare core-measure patients across a large health system. The adaptability of this program to other health systems and hospitals of varying size to achieve similar outcomes is valuable to share with the profession.
Time-resolved laboratory micro-X-ray fluorescence reveals silicon distribution in relation to manganese toxicity in soybean and sunflower
Authors: van der Ent Antony , Casey Lachlan W , Blamey F Pax C , Kopittke Peter M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Synchrotron- and laboratory-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) is a powerful technique to quantify the distribution of elements in physically large intact samples, including live plants, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. However, analysis of light elements with atomic number (Z) less than that of phosphorus is challenging due to the need for a vacuum, which of course is not compatible with live plant material, or the availability of a helium environment.

Method
A new laboratory µ-XRF instrument was used to examine the effects of silicon (Si) on the manganese (Mn) status of soybean (Glycine max) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) grown at elevated Mn in solution. The use of a helium environment allowed for highly sensitive detection of both Si and Mn to determine their distribution.

Key Results
The µ-XRF analysis revealed that when Si was added to the nutrient solution, the Si also accumulated in the base of the trichomes, being co-located with the Mn and reducing the darkening of the trichomes. The addition of Si did not reduce the concentrations of Mn in accumulations despite seeming to reduce its adverse effects.

Conclusions
The ability to gain information on the dynamics of the metallome or ionome within living plants or excised hydrated tissues can offer valuable insights into their ecophysiology, and laboratory µ-XRF is likely to become available to more plant scientists for use in their research.
Volatile fatty acid and aldehyde abundances evolve with behavior and habitat temperature inSceloporuslizards
Authors: Campos Stephanie M , Pruett Jake A , Soini Helena A , Zúñiga-Vega J Jaime , Goldberg Jay K , Vital-García Cuauhcihuatl , Hews Diana K , Novotny Milos V , Martins Emília P 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnimal signals evolve by striking a balance between the need to convey information through particular habitats and the limitations of what types of signals can most easily be produced and perceived. Here, we present new results from field measures of undisturbed behavior and biochemical analyses of scent marks from 12 species of Sceloporus lizards to explore whether evolutionary changes in chemical composition are better predicted by measures of species behavior, particularly those associated with visual displays, chemoreception, and locomotion, or by measures of habitat climate (precipitation and temperature). We found that more active lizard species used fewer compounds in their volatile scent marks, perhaps conveying less specific information about individual and species identity. Scent marks from more active lizard species also had higher proportions of saturated fatty acids, and the evolution of these compounds has been tracking the phylogeny closely as we would expect for a metabolic byproduct. In contrast, the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids were better explained by evolutionary shifts in habitat temperature (and not precipitation), with species in warmer climates using almost no volatile unsaturated fatty acids. The proportion of aldehydes was explained by both behavior and environment, decreasing with behavioral activity and increasing with habitat temperature. Our results highlight the evolutionary flexibility of complex chemical signals, with different chemical compounds responding to different elements of the selective landscape over evolutionary time.
Pots in performance: Emma Hamilton’s Attitudes
Authors: Slaney Helen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring the 1790s, Emma Hamilton, wife of collector and diplomat Sir William Hamilton, developed an innovative form of performance art, tableaux vivants known as the ‘(Grecian) Attitudes’. Notoriously transgressive both sexually and socially, Emma also transgressed materially, transposing the scenes depicted on Sir William’s vases into a kinaesthetic medium. That performance remains a subaltern or illegitimate mode of relating to ancient material culture (as opposed to visual display) is a cultural bias rooted in economic relations. Outside the context of the Attitudes, contemporaries were anxious to (re)place Emma in terms of class, describing her as promiscuous, ‘common’, and ‘vulgar’. Modern scholarship has proved similarly anxious to limit her agency through the repeated assertion of a ‘Pygmalion’ paradigm in which responsibility for developing the Attitudes is assigned to Sir William. I argue that, on the contrary, Emma should be credited with a mode of embodied reception alternative to that of the collector and connoisseur.
aPCoA: covariate adjusted principal coordinates analysis
Authors: Shi Yushu , Zhang Liangliang , Do Kim-Anh , Peterson Christine B , Jenq Robert R 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSummaryIn fields, such as ecology, microbiology and genomics, non-Euclidean distances are widely applied to describe pairwise dissimilarity between samples. Given these pairwise distances, principal coordinates analysis is commonly used to construct a visualization of the data. However, confounding covariates can make patterns related to the scientific question of interest difficult to observe. We provide adjusted principal coordinates analysis as an easy-to-use tool, available as both an R package and a Shiny app, to improve data visualization in this context, enabling enhanced presentation of the effects of interest.Availability and implementationThe R package ‘aPCoA’ and Shiny app can be accessed at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/aPCoA/index.html and https://biostatistics.mdanderson.org/shinyapps/aPCoA/.
Insights into the ancestral flowers of Ranunculales
Authors: Carrive Laetitia , Domenech Boris , Sauquet Hervé , Jabbour Florian , Damerval Catherine , Nadot Sophie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe question of the origin of petals has long been debated in the botanical literature. Ranunculales are characterized by a spectacular floral diversity, particularly at the perianth level. Recent progress in understanding the genetic bases of floral organ identity suggests a single origin for petals in Ranunculaceae, contrasting with the traditional morphological hypothesis of repeated evolution. However, perianth evolution at the ordinal level remains incompletely understood. Recent advances in the elucidation of phylogenetic relationships in the order now provide a new opportunity to study character evolution with model-based methods. We used ancestral state reconstruction methods that take into account various sources of uncertainty to reconstruct the evolution of floral traits at the scale of Ranunculales using a consensus phylogenetic framework of 144 terminal species representing all families in the order. Ancestrally, Ranunculales probably had three trimerous whorls of perianth organs differentiated into two categories of petaloid organs differing in their shape. Each whorl was further lost or duplicated. Moreover, our results support the hypothesis of a single origin of highly specialized (elaborate) nectariferous petals in Ranunculaceae.
Nonlinear Effects of Dopamine D1 Receptor Activation on Visuomotor Coordination Task Performance
Authors: Chen Po See , Jamil Asif , Liu Lin-Cho , Wei Shyh-Yuh , Tseng Huai-Hsuan , Nitsche Michael A , Kuo Min-Fang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Dopamine plays an important role in the modulation of neuroplasticity, which serves as the physiological basis of cognition. The physiological effects of dopamine depend on receptor subtypes, and the D1 receptor is critically involved in learning and memory formation. Evidence from both animal and human studies shows a dose-dependent impact of D1 activity on performance. However, the direct association between physiology and behavior in humans remains unclear. In this study, four groups of healthy participants were recruited, and each group received placebo or medication inducing a low, medium, or high amount of D1 activation via the combination of levodopa and a D2 antagonist. After medication, fMRI was conducted during a visuomotor learning task. The behavioral results revealed an inverted U-shaped effect of D1 activation on task performance, where medium-dose D1 activation led to superior learning effects, as compared to placebo as well as low- and high-dose groups. A respective dose-dependent D1 modulation was also observed for cortical activity revealed by fMRI. Further analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between task performance and cortical activation at the left primary motor cortex. Our results indicate a nonlinear curve of D1 modulation on motor learning in humans and the respective physiological correlates in corresponding brain areas.
Outbreaks of Adenovirus-associated Respiratory Illness on 5 College Campuses in the United States, 2018–2019
Authors: Kujawski Stephanie A , Lu Xiaoyan , Schneider Eileen , Blythe David , Boktor Sameh , Farrehi Janice , Haupt Thomas , McBride David , Stephens Emily , Sakthivel Senthilkumar K , Bachaus Brian , Waller Kirsten , Bauman Laura , Marconi Agustina , Lewis Rebecca , Dettinger Lisa , Ernst Robert , Kinsey William , Lindstrom Stephen , Gerber Susan I , Watson John T , Biggs Holly M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are commonly associated with acute respiratory illness. HAdV outbreaks are well documented in congregate military training settings, but less is known about outbreaks on college campuses. During fall 2018 and spring 2019, 5 United States (US) colleges reported increases in HAdV-associated respiratory illness. Investigations were performed to better understand HAdV epidemiology in this setting.

Methods
A case was defined as a student at one of the 5 colleges, with acute respiratory illness and laboratory-confirmed HAdV infection during October 2018–December 2018 or March–May 2019. Available respiratory specimens were typed by HAdV type-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, and for a subset, whole genome sequencing was performed. We reviewed available medical records and cases were invited to complete a questionnaire, which included questions on symptom presentation, social history, and absenteeism.

Results
We identified 168 HAdV cases. Median age was 19 (range, 17–22) years and 102 cases (61%) were male. Eleven cases were hospitalized, 10 with pneumonia; 2 cases died. Among questionnaire respondents, 80% (75/94) missed ≥ 1 day of class because of their illness. Among those with a type identified (79%), HAdV types 4 and 7 were equally detected, with frequency of each varying by site. Genome types 4a1 and 7d were identified, respectively, by whole genome sequence analysis.

Conclusions
HAdV respiratory illness was associated with substantial morbidity and missed class time among young, generally healthy adults on 5 US college campuses. HAdVs should be considered a cause of respiratory illness outbreaks in congregate settings such as college campuses.
Imprecision Medicine: Challenges in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Measuring Quality for Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Trautner Barbara W , Morgan Daniel J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We question the reliability of the vague symptoms that most commonly define catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and encourage further examination of whether the current CAUTI definition reflects a true infection. While diagnosing CAUTI using the current surveillance definition, physicians may be missing a number of nonurinary etiologies for fever, prematurely diagnosing urinary tract infection, and prescribing unnecessary antibiotics. We believe it is time to reconsider the quality metric of CAUTI. By doing so, we can improve antibiotic use and quality of patient care.
Early Adopters of Event-driven Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in a Large Healthcare System in San Francisco
Authors: Hojilla J Carlo , Marcus Julia L , Silverberg Michael J , Hare C Bradley , Herbers Rachel , Hurley Leo , Satre Derek D , Volk Jonathan E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Among 279 patients within a large healthcare system in San Francisco, event-driven HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis using a 2–1–1 regimen was a desirable alternative to daily dosing. Problems with adherence, planning sex in advance, or side effects were infrequent (13.9%). We found no new HIV infections over 136 person-years of follow-up.
What Is the Primary Driver of Preoperative Vancomycin Use? It’s Not Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus—or Allergy
Authors: Strymish Judith M , O’ Brien William , Itani Kamal , Gupta Kalpana , Branch-Elliman Westyn 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Factors driving vancomycin surgical prophylaxis are poorly understood. In a national Veterans Affairs cohort with manually validated data, surgical specialty (cardiac, orthopedics) and perception of high facility methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence—not MRSA colonization—were the primary drivers of prescribing. A β-lactam allergy was the second most common reason. These data may inform perioperative stewardship.
Ex vivo Ikkβ ablation rescues the immunopotency of mesenchymal stromal cells from diabetics with advanced atherosclerosis
Authors: Kizilay Mancini Ozge , Huynh David N , Menard Liliane , Shum-Tim Dominique , Ong Huy , Marleau Sylvie , Colmegna Ines , Servant Marc J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Diabetes is a conventional risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of death among these patients. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerosis have impaired ability to suppress activated T-cells (i.e. reduced immunopotency). This is mediated by an inflammatory shift in MSC-secreted soluble factors (i.e. pro-inflammatory secretome) and can contribute to the reduced therapeutic effects of autologous T2DM and atherosclerosis-MSC post-MI. The signalling pathways driving the altered secretome of atherosclerosis- and T2DM-MSC are unknown. Specifically, the effect of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) modulation, a key regulator of inflammatory responses, on the immunopotency of MSCs from T2DM patients with advanced atherosclerosis has not been studied.

Methods and results
MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue obtained from patients with (i) atherosclerosis and T2DM (atherosclerosis+T2DM MSCs, n = 17) and (ii) atherosclerosis without T2DM (atherosclerosis MSCs, n = 17). MSCs from atherosclerosis+T2DM individuals displayed an inflammatory senescent phenotype and constitutively expressed active forms of effectors of the canonical IKKβ nuclear factor-κB transcription factors inflammatory pathway. Importantly, this constitutive pro-inflammatory IKKβ signature resulted in an altered secretome and impaired in vitro immunopotency and in vivo healing capacity in an acute MI model. Notably, treatment with a selective IKKβ inhibitor or IKKβ knockdown (KD) (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated IKKβ KD) in atherosclerosis+T2DM MSCs reduced the production of pro-inflammatory secretome, increased survival, and rescued their immunopotency both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions
Constitutively active IKKβ reduces the immunopotency of atherosclerosis+T2DM MSC by changing their secretome composition. Modulation of IKKβ in atherosclerosis+T2DM MSCs enhances their myocardial repair ability.
A Diversified Dietary Pattern Is Associated With a Balanced Gut Microbial Composition of Faecalibacterium and Escherichia/Shigella in Patients With Crohn’s Disease in Remission
Authors: Zhang Zhengxiao , Taylor Lorian , Shommu Nusrat , Ghosh Subrata , Reimer Raylene , Panaccione Remo , Kaur Sandeep , Hyun Jae Eun , Cai Chenxi , Deehan Edward C , Hotte Naomi , Madsen Karen L , Raman Maitreyi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsCrohn’s disease [CD] is associated with alterations in gut microbial composition and function. The present controlled-intervention study investigated the relationship between patterns of dietary intake and baseline gut microbiota in CD patients in remission and examined the effects of a dietary intervention in patients consuming a non-diversified diet [NDD].MethodsForty outpatients with quiescent CD were recruited in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Based on 3-day food records, patients consuming a lower plant-based and higher red and processed meat-based diet were assigned to the NDD group [n = 15] and received a 12-week structured dietary intervention; all other patients were assigned to the diversified diet [DD] control group [n = 25] and received conventional management. Faecal microbiota composition, short chain fatty acids [SCFAs] and calprotectin were measured.ResultsAt baseline the NDD and DD groups had a different faecal microbial beta-diversity [p = 0.003, permutational multivariate analysis of variance]. The NDD group had lower Faecalibacterium and higher Escherichia/Shigella relative abundances compared to the DD group [3.3 ± 5.4% vs. 8.5 ± 10.6%; 6.9 ± 12.2% vs. 1.6 ± 4.4%; p ≤ 0.03, analysis of covariance]. These two genera showed a strong negative correlation [rs = −0.60, q = 0.0002]. Faecal butyrate showed a positive correlation with Faecalibacterium [rs = 0.52, q = 0.002], and an inhibitory relationship with Escherichia/Shigella abundance [four-parameter sigmoidal model, R = −0.83; rs = −0.44, q = 0.01], respectively. After the 12 weeks of dietary intervention, no difference in microbial beta-diversity between the two groups was observed [p = 0.43]. The NDD group demonstrated an increase in Faecalibacterium [p &lt; 0.05, generalized estimated equation model], and resembled the DD group at the end of the intervention [p = 0.84, t-test with permutation]. We did not find an association of diet with faecal SCFAs or calprotectin.ConclusionsDietary patterns are associated with specific gut microbial compositions in CD patients in remission. A diet intervention in patients consuming a NDD modifies gut microbial composition to resemble that seen in patients consuming a DD. These results show that diet is important in shaping the microbial dysbiosis signature in CD towards a balanced community.
An overview of stem cell therapy for paediatric heart failure
Authors: Ishigami Shuta , Sano Toshikazu , Krishnapura Sunaya , Ito Tatsuo , Sano Shunji 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Significant achievements in paediatric cardiology, surgical treatment and intensive care of congenital heart disease have drastically changed clinical outcomes for paediatric patients. Nevertheless, late-onset heart failure in children after staged surgeries still remains a serious concern in the medical community. Heart transplantation is an option for treatment; however, the shortage of available organs is a persistent problem in many developed countries. In order to resolve these issues, advanced technologies, such as innovative mechanical circulatory support devices and regenerative therapies, are strongly desired. Accumulated evidence regarding cell-based cardiac regenerative therapies has suggested their safety and efficacy in treating adult heart failure. Given that young children seem to have a higher regenerative capacity than adults, stem cell-based therapies appear a promising treatment option for paediatric heart failure as well. Based on the findings from past trials and studies, we present the potential of various different types of stem cells, ranging from bone marrow mononuclear cells to cardiosphere-derived stem cells for use in paediatric cell-based therapies. Here, we assess both the current challenges associated with cell-based therapies and novel strategies that may be implemented in the future to advance stem cell therapy in the paediatric population.