bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The adverse health effects of punitive immigrant policies in the United States: A systematic review
Authors: Vernice Nicholas A. , Pereira Nicola M. , Wang Anson , Demetres Michelle , Adams Lisa V. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Immigrants in the United States (US) today are facing a dynamic policy landscape. The Trump administration has threatened or curtailed access to basic services for 10.5 million undocumented immigrants currently in the US. We sought to examine the historical effects that punitive laws have had on health outcomes in US immigrant communities.

Methods
In this systematic review, we searched the following databases from inception–May 2020 for original research articles with no language restrictions: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane Library (Wiley), Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Social Work Abstracts (Ovid). This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42019138817. Articles with cohort sizes >10 that directly evaluated the health-related effects of a punitive immigrant law or policy within the US were included.

Findings
6,357 studies were screened for eligibility. Of these, 32 studies were selected for inclusion and qualitatively synthesized based upon four themes that appeared throughout our analysis: (1) impact on healthcare utilization, (2) impact on women’s and children’s health, (3) impact on mental health services, and (4) impact on public health. The impact of each law, policy, mandate, and directive since 1990 is briefly discussed, as are the limitations and risk of bias of each study.

Interpretation
Many punitive immigrant policies have decreased immigrant access to and utilization of basic healthcare services, while instilling fear, confusion, and anxiety in these communities. The federal government should preserve and expand access for undocumented individuals without threat of deportation to improve health outcomes for US citizens and noncitizens.
Mesenchymal and Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-3 Status in Circulating Tumor Cells May Serve as a Crucial Prognostic Marker for Assessing Relapse or Metastasis in Postoperative Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Su PengWei , Lai Wei , Liu Lu , Zeng Yujie , Xu Heyang , Lan Qiusheng , Chu Ziqiang , Chu Zhonghua 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) have been considered to be significant prognostic indicators in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). This study discusses the prognostic significance of mesenchymal CTCs with PRL-3 (M+ PRL-3+ CTCs) in postoperative patients with CRC.

METHODS:
We detected CTC subtypes (including epithelial CTCs, biphenotypic epithelial/mesenchymal CTCs, and mesenchymal CTCs) and PRL-3 in CTCs from the peripheral blood samples of 156 patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were performed to identify the prognostic value of mesenchymal CTCs with PRL-3+. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PRL-3 in tumor tissues from some of the patients to explore the connection between CTCs and tissues.

RESULTS:
All CTCs were positive in all samples, both mesenchymal CTCs and PRL-3–positive cells. The count of mesenchymal and PRL-3+ CTCs was significantly associated with recurrence, and the optimal cutoff value was 2 (area under the curve = 0.690, P < 0.001). In addition, these patients had a significantly shorter median disease-free survival than those who did not fulfill the criteria (8.5 vs 24 months, P < 0.001) according to multivariable and multinomial logistic regression. Immunohistochemistry was applied to explore the associations between PRL-3 expression and significant prognostic risk factors, including recurrence (R = 0.566; P < 0.001), and M+ PRL-3+ status in CTCs (R = 0.452; P = 0.001).

DISCUSSION:
The status of M+ PRL-3+ in CTCs may serve as a crucial prognostic marker for assessing clinical outcomes in CRC.
Cap-Assisted Endoscopic Sclerotherapy vs Ligation in the Long-Term Management of Medium Esophageal Varices: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Wang An-Jiang , Zheng Xue-Lian , Hong Jun-Bo , Zhong Jia-Wei , Yu Hui-Qiang , Zeng Hai-Ying , Gong Yue , Gan Na , Wang Jian , You Yu , Guo Gui-Hai , Xie Bu-Shan , Li Bi-Min , Zhu Xuan 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Compared with endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL), cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy (CAES) improves efficacy in the treatment of small esophageal varices (EVs) but has not been evaluated in the management of medium EVs. The aim of this study was to compare CAES with EVL in the long-term management of patients exhibiting cirrhosis with medium EVs and a history of esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB), with respect to variceal eradication and recurrence, adverse events, rebleeding, and survival.

METHODS:
Cirrhotic patients with medium EVs and a history of EVB were divided randomly into EVL and CAES groups. EVL or CAES was repeated each month until variceal eradication. Lauromacrogol was used as a sclerosant. Patients were followed up until 1 year after eradication.

RESULTS:
In total, 240 patients (age: 51.1 ± 10.0 years; men: 70.8%) were included and randomized to the EVL and CAES groups. The recurrence rate of EVs was much lower in the CAES group than in the EVL group (13.0% vs 30.7%, P = 0.001). The predictors for variceal recurrence were eradication by EVL (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.37, P = 0.04), achievement of complete eradication (HR: 0.27, P < 0.001), and nonselective β-blocker response (HR: 0.32, P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in the rates of eradication, rebleeding, requirement for alternative therapy, and mortality or the incidence of complications between groups.

DISCUSSION:
CAES reduces the recurrence rate of EVs with comparable safety to that of EVL in the long-term management of patients presenting cirrhosis with medium EVs and a history of EVB.
Effects of Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Mixed Culture Based on Wheat Pollard on Productivity of Kampung’s Chicken
Authors: Utama Cahya Setya , Zuprizal Zuprizal , Hanim Chusnul , Wihandoyo Wihandoyo 
Published: December 2020

<p>This research was aimed to assess the effectiveness of processed wheat pollard -based rations to increase the productivity of Kampung chickens raised until 8 weeks old. The research was carried out in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of wheat pollard based ration (WP), wheat pollard based ration plus probiotic mixed culture (WPPro), wheat Pollard as prebiotic mixed (WPPre) , wheat pollard as synbiotic mixed culture ration 40% (WPS40), wheat pollard as synbiotic mixed culture ration 60% (WPS60) . The parameters observed were feed consumption, final body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), weight gain, nitrogen retention, income over feed and chick cost (IOFCC) and profiles of intestinal villus. Results showed a significant effect of the treatments on the final body weight, weight gain, nitrogen retention, IOFCC and profiles of small intestinal villus (duodenum, jejenum, ileum). It was concluded that the inclusion of 40% wheat pollard synbiotic mixed culture (WPS 40) in the ration was able to increase the productivity of kampung chickens reared until 8 weeks old.</p>
substantive sense of citizenship
Authors: Refve Furuhaug Mari 
Published: December 2020

Based on an exploratory literature review, this article focuses on the substantive sense of citizenship in the context of second-generation migrants in Scandinavia. Through a theoretical framework that dives into the two terms of citizenship and belonging and a discussion of the relevant findings from the existing literature, the article aims to investigate the following research question: How can the politics of belonging interfere with citizenship? The article concludes that an individual need to feel a sense of belonging to a community in order to be fully a citizen or member of the given state, nation, or area in a substantive sense.
Bioremediation of Tofu Industrial Wastewater Using Anaerobic-Aerobic Solution of EM4
Authors: Deffy Trisca , Nilandita Widya , Munfarida Ida 
Published: December 2020

This research using a bioremediation treatment process with anaerobic-aerobic system by mixing tofu liquid waste and EM4 solution into the reactor. The variation of EM4 solution that will be used in this research is 1/20 of concentration with 1/10 of concentration and detention time. This research was conducted for 8 days. The result showed that EM4 solution was able to reduce BOD, COD, and TSS by usinng variations in concentration and detention time. The most significant decrease in BOD, COD, adn TSS levels occured on the 8 day. BOD levels for the first reactor at a concentration of 1/10 with a removal efficiency of 48,98% and a second reactor with removal efficiency of 48,98%. For the 1/20 concentration the removal efficiency was 37,33% and in second reactor the removal efficiency was 37,34%. COD levels for the first reactor at a concentration of 1/10 with a removal efficiency of 61,82% and a second reacotor with removal efficiency of 62,10%. For the 1/20 concentration the removal efficiency was 30,39% an in second reactor the removal efficiency was 34,98%. TSS levels for the first reactor at a concentration 1/20 with removal efficiency of 41,17% and in the second reactor the removal efficiency of 43,59%. At 1/20 concentration the removal efficiency of TSS levels was 1,02% in the first reactor and in the second reactor the removal efficiancy was 5,10%. Bioremediation using EM4 solution can be used to reduce levels of BOD, COD, and TSS of tofu liquid waste according to the applicable quality standards
Limited Sensitivity of Hippocampal Synaptic Function or Network Oscillations to Unmodulated Kilohertz Electric Fields
Authors: Esmaeilpour Zeinab , Jackson Mark , Kronberg Greg , Zhang Tianhe , Esteller Rosana , Hershey Brad , Bikson Marom 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the cellular mechanisms of kilohertz (kHz) electrical stimulation is of broad interest in neuromodulation including forms of transcranial electrical stimulation, interferential stimulation, and high-rate spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Yet, the well-established low-pass filtering by neuronal membranes suggests minimal neuronal polarization in respond to charge-balanced kHz stimulation. The hippocampal brain slice model is among the most studied systems in neuroscience and exhaustively characterized in screening the effects of electrical stimulation. High-frequency electric fields of varied amplitudes (1–150 V/m), waveforms (sinusoidal, symmetrical pule, asymmetrical pulse) and frequencies (1 and10 kHz) were tested. Changes in single or paired-pulse field EPSPs (fEPSP) in CA1 were measured in response to radial-directed and tangential-directed electric fields, with brief (30 s) or long (30 min) application times. The effects of kHz stimulation on ongoing endogenous network activity were tested in carbachol-induced γ oscillation of CA3a and CA3c. Across 23 conditions evaluated, no significant changes in fEPSP were resolved, while responses were detected for within-slice control direct current (DC) fields; 1-kHz sinusoidal and pulse stimulation (≥60 V/m), but not 10 kHz, induced changes in oscillating neuronal network. We thus report no responses to low-amplitude 1-kHz or any 10-kHz fields, suggesting that any brain sensitivity to these fields is via yet to be-determined mechanism(s) of action which were not identified in our experimental preparation.
The textbook analysis on students’ book of Symphony 1 English course book for Senior High School Grade X viewed from higher order thinking skills
Authors: Sari Riski Norita , Sakhiyya Zulfa 
Published: December 2020

This study analyzes an English Course textbook entitled Symphony to find out to what extent higher and lower order level thinking is used in the reading tasks. The questions central in this study are: how the composition and to what extent are reading tasks on the Symphony 1 Course Book for Senior High School contribute to build students’ Higher Order Thinking Skill? This descriptive qualitative research also adopted the cognitive process of Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy as the instrument. Cognitive levels used for this research were remembering, understanding, applying, analysing, evaluating and creating. Then, the researcher calculated the percentage and frequencies the cognitive level appearances from the total questions analysed. Then questions indicated of HOTS were analysed again by using instruments from Keshta and Sheif (2013) to know the variety of questions found in the textbook. The results showed that Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS) dominate the reading tasks of the textbook. It shows LOTS were found 63% while HOTS 37%. It can be concluded that HOTS dominate the textbook which discourages students to think critically. Based on the findings, it is recommended that textbook writers need to advance HOTS in order to develop students’ critical thinking skills.
Alimentação saudável: a percepção de escolares sobre si próprios
Authors: Ribeiro Iramara Lima , Menezes Irislândia Lima Ribeiro , Santa Rosa José Guilherme da Silva , Costa Iris do Céu Clara 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo Avaliar a percepção de escolares entre 7 a 10 anos de uma escola pública de Natal-RN sobre alimentação saudável.Método Estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, mediante entrevista de grupo focal com 29 escolares com média de 8,8 anos de idade. A análise foi auxiliada pelo software IRAMUTEQ e apoiada no conceito de percepção de Merleau-Ponty.Resultados A percepção das crianças sobre alimentação saudável esteve associada aos alimentos in natura e preparações culinárias, identificando-se conceitos adquiridos na escola sobre o tema, além de professores criticando o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Houve relatos de predileção por determinadas merendas da escolae rejeição de outras. As crianças citaram a presença de alimentos não saudáveis na merenda. Quanto ao papel da familia foram citados pais orientando para o consumo saudável ao mesmo tempo em que estimulavam o consumo de alimentos industrializados em casa ou forneciam dinheiro para que os escolares os comprassem. Muitas crianças não consumiam alimentos saudáveis, sobretudo frutas e verduras por considerarem de sabor desagradável.Conclusão A percepção das crianças sobre alimentos saudáveis foi influenciada pela escola, família e mídia. Embora elas possuíssem noção do que seria uma alimentação saudável, o prazer conferido por alimentos industrializados conduzia a práticas não saudáveis. Os achados evidenciam a necessidade de um olhar ampliado pelos profissionais envolvidos nesse papel de estimular e direcionar para práticas saudáveis.
Dragons are everywhere in Venice - Stories, Myths, Legends and Fairy Tales as Tools for Reflection in Teaching
Authors: Fisker Anna Marie , Heilmann Anna Eva 
Published: December 2020

Stories and storytelling are part of our cultural heritage and we have experimented if these experiences and memories in a learning and teaching activity can contribute to new understandings and a new sense of community. Stories connect people, while also contributing to the freedom of thinking. Referring to Walter Benjamin, the German literary critic and philosopher, this paper reflects upon the stories, myths, legends and fairytales of Venice in relation to teaching and the use of storytelling as a tool in teaching. More specifically, it concerns an exploratory study with new and unique methods and interdisciplinary collaboration that focus on understanding cultural heritage through storytelling, including the freedom of thinking as an original teaching method to initiate creativity and imagination for the students in their works. The reflection is based on practical experiences during the CRAFT summer school during the Art Biennale 2019 in Venice.
Constraining Paleoearthquakes by Combining Faulted Stratigraphy and Microgeomorphology: A Case Study on the Haiyuan Fault, Northwestern China
Authors: Zheng Wenjun , Bi Haiyun , Wang Xulong , Zhang Dongli , Huang Rong , Zhang Peizhen , Liu Xingwang , Ren Zhikun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Surface-rupturing strong earthquakes will leave evidence distributed along fault zones. The combination of paleoearthquake trench excavation and faulted microgeomorphic analysis at the same site provides more comprehensive knowledge of paleoearthquakes than either method could accomplish alone. In this article, we report on our use of trench excavation and dating, together with a 5-cm resolution digital elevation model obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle based on the structure from motion photogrammetry technology, to investigate the timing and size of strong paleoearthquake events in the Dashagou site near the west end of the Haiyuan fault, which ruptured in the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake. The result reveals that at least four strong paleoearthquake events with the same or even higher magnitude (including the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake) have occurred along the west end of the Haiyuan fault since the mid-Holocene. Event IV occurred shortly before 6.0 ka with a horizontal displacement of 4.27±1.50  m and a vertical displacement of 0.70±0.39  m. Event III occurred at approximately 4.65±0.45  ka with a horizontal displacement of 5.45±1.25  m and a vertical displacement of 0.38±0.23  m. Event II occurred at approximately 1.0 ka with a horizontal displacement of 3.86±0.90  m and a vertical displacement of 0.55±0.27  m. The most recent event was the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake, with a horizontal displacement of 2.15±0.82  m and a vertical displacement of 0.26±0.12  m. From the results of these four events, we can certainly conclude that the fault has mainly maintained the strike-slip kinematic pattern over the past 6 ka. These observations highlight the benefits of combining trench excavation and faulted microgeomorphology to gain a more complete understanding of paleoearthquakes.
A Reappraisal of the Seismicity of Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Meletti Carlo , Camassi Romano , Castelli Viviana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In popular opinion, Sardinia is the only nonseismic region of Italy. Most researchers are likely to agree, up to a point. Geology-wise, the Sardinia–Corsica block is among the stablest areas of the Mediterranean. History-wise, up to 2011, only one Mw 5.1 event located offshore Sardinia was listed by Italian seismic catalogs (13 November 1948). Seismic networks record only a few, low energy (Mw&lt;5) events, mostly located offshore and with little or no effects on land. Seismic hazard in Sardinia is very low.
“Low,” yes, but not “totally lacking.” We present the results of a recent reappraisal of Sardinian seismicity. We gathered information on three major earthquakes (1616, 1771, and the 1948–1949 sequence). Another sequence (January–March 1901) was re-evaluated, identifying its previously unknown main event. It was confirmed that some earthquakes (1870, 1906, 1922, and 1924) had low magnitudes and scarce to nil macroseismic effects, whereas some other turned out either very doubtful or wholly fictitious (1835, 1838, 1855, and 1898). The seismic hazard of Sardinia can now be reassessed on a sounder basis than before. We hope that our work will help the people of Sardinia to improve their awareness of living in a seismic land, if with a low level of seismicity.
Inconsistencies and Lurking Pitfalls in the Magnitude–Frequency Distribution of High-Resolution Earthquake Catalogs
Authors: Herrmann Marcus , Marzocchi Warner 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEarthquake catalogs describe the distribution of earthquakes in space, time, and magnitude, which is essential information for earthquake forecasting and the assessment of seismic hazard and risk. Available high-resolution (HR) catalogs raise the expectation that their abundance of small earthquakes will help better characterize the fundamental scaling laws of statistical seismology. Here, we investigate whether the ubiquitous exponential-like scaling relation for magnitudes (Gutenberg–Richter [GR], or its tapered version) can be straightforwardly extrapolated to the magnitude–frequency distribution (MFD) of HR catalogs. For several HR catalogs such as of the 2019 Ridgecrest sequence, the 2009 L’Aquila sequence, the 1992 Landers sequence, and entire southern California, we determine if the MFD agrees with an exponential-like distribution using a statistical goodness-of-fit test. We find that HR catalogs usually do not preserve the exponential-like MFD toward low magnitudes and depart from it. Surprisingly, HR catalogs that are based on advanced detection methods depart from an exponential-like MFD at a similar magnitude level as network-based HR catalogs. These departures are mostly due to an improper mixing of different magnitude types, spatiotemporal inhomogeneous completeness, or biased data recording or processing. Remarkably, common-practice methods to find the completeness magnitude do not recognize these departures and lead to severe bias in the b-value estimation. We conclude that extrapolating the exponential-like GR relation to lower magnitudes cannot be taken for granted, and that HR catalogs pose subtle new challenges and lurking pitfalls that may hamper their proper use. The simplest solution to preserve the exponential-like distribution toward low magnitudes may be to estimate a moment magnitude for each earthquake.
Transcreación, intertextualidad y etnopoética
Authors: Abruzzese Alessandra 
Published: December 2020

En este ensayo hablo de dos cuerpos de obra localizados en la intersección entre la transcreación y la etnopoética. Entiendo a esos recursos como medios para generar una propuesta que permita crear un nuevo territorio o zona de contacto entre el arte contemporáneo y las culturas indígenas, donde se exploren y formen relaciones dialógicas y participativas entre el arte contemporáneo y los conocimientos ontológicos de nuestras culturas.
Música mestiza: una topografía de historias particulares de escucha
Authors: Ponce Berrú Isadora 
Published: December 2020

Este artículo explora como el sonido puede operar como modalidad de conocimiento (Ochoa Gautier, 2014; Feld, 2015), en particular, la expericiencia auditiva de un tipo de mestizaje de dos compositores ecuatorianos contemporáneos: Daniel Mancero y Nicola Crúz. Por medio de una lectura afectiva de mi proceso de escucha (Kapchan, 2017), o lo que Christopher Small denomina musicking (Small, 1998), de dos álbumes: Yangana y Prender el Alma propongo enteder a la música como una topografía aural que da cuenta de una configuracion particular con el espacio que encierra ramificaciones políticas que develan realciones coloniales de poder, a la par que abren nuevas posibilidades. Una suerte de lectura decolonial a la obra y al proceso de escucha como actos de inscripcion afectiva (Deleuze & Guattari, 1987; Feld, 2015; Mignolo W. , 2014; Ochoa Gautier, 2014).