bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are neonatal age and small weight predictive of in-hospital death and prolonged hospital stay in children undergoing heart surgery?
Authors: Al-Radi Osman O. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of young age and low weight on outcomes of congenital heart disease surgery is controversial. It is still widely believed both by parents and referring cardiologists that they do have a significant deleterious effect and may prohibit surgical care. This study was intended to determine the independent predictors of in-hospital death and prolonged hospital stay in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The effects of age and weight were the focus of analysis. To adjust for heterogeneity and complexity, the Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1) system and other factors were used.ResultsAll patients between birth and 18 years of age who underwent cardiac surgery with or without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass from April 1, 2011, to September 30, 2019, were included. Patients undergoing isolated patent ductus ligation were excluded. For the analysis of in-hospital death, a multivariable logistic regression model was used. For the analysis of length of stay, a generalized linear regression model with Poisson distribution and a multivariable logistic regression model were used. The RACHS-1 categories were used to adjust for complexity.The study included 934 index operations. Neonates (age < 28 days) accounted for 11% of the operations. After adjusting for complexity and other operative variables, we found that age and weight were not significant predictors of in-hospital death or prolonged hospital stay. RACHS category and cardio-pulmonary bypass time were, however, significant predictors of in-hospital mortality,pvalue 0.009, and 0.002, respectively. The complexity of the operation was also predictive of prolonged hospital stay.ConclusionAge and weight are not significant predictors of in-hospital death or prolonged hospital stay. Except for severe prematurity and prohibitive genetic or metabolic disease, patients with CHD should get appropriate and expeditious surgical care regardless of age and weight.
Unravelling spiral cleavage
Authors: Martín-Durán José M. , Marlétaz Ferdinand 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Snails, earthworms and flatworms are remarkably different animals, but they all exhibit a very similar mode of early embryogenesis: spiral cleavage. This is one of the most widespread developmental programs in animals, probably ancestral to almost half of the animal phyla, and therefore its study is essential for understanding animal development and evolution. However, our knowledge of spiral cleavage is still in its infancy. Recent technical and conceptual advances, such as the establishment of genome editing and improved phylogenetic resolution, are paving the way for a fresher and deeper look into this fascinating early cleavage mode.
The stalk-eyed fly as a model for aggression – is there a conserved role for 5-HT between vertebrates and invertebrates?
Authors: Bubak Andrew N. , Watt Michael J. , Yaeger Jazmine D. W. , Renner Kenneth J. , Swallow John G. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTSerotonin (5-HT) has largely been accepted to be inhibitory to vertebrate aggression, whereas an opposing stimulatory role has been proposed for invertebrates. Herein, we argue that critical gaps in our understanding of the nuanced role of 5-HT in invertebrate systems drove this conclusion prematurely, and that emerging data suggest a previously unrecognized level of phylogenetic conservation with respect to neurochemical mechanisms regulating the expression of aggressive behaviors. This is especially apparent when considering the interplay among factors governing 5-HT activity, many of which share functional homology across taxa. We discuss recent findings using insect models, with an emphasis on the stalk-eyed fly, to demonstrate how particular 5-HT receptor subtypes mediate the intensity of aggression with respect to discrete stages of the interaction (initiation, escalation and termination), which mirrors the complex behavioral regulation currently recognized in vertebrates. Further similarities emerge when considering the contribution of neuropeptides, which interact with 5-HT to ultimately determine contest progression and outcome. Relative to knowledge in vertebrates, much less is known about the function of 5-HT receptors and neuropeptides in invertebrate aggression, particularly with respect to sex, species and context, prompting the need for further studies. Our Commentary highlights the need to consider multiple factors when determining potential taxonomic differences, and raises the possibility of more similarities than differences between vertebrates and invertebrates with regard to the modulatory effect of 5-HT on aggression.
Temperature dependence of collisional broadening and shift for the Kr 4p6S01→5p[3/2]2 electronic transition
Authors: Sahoo Abinash , Zelenak Dominic , Narayanaswamy Venkateswaran 
Published: January 2020

Temperature scaling of collisional broadening parameters for krypton
(absorber)

4

p
6

S
0
1

→
5
p

[
3

/

2

]
2

electronic transition centered at
107.3 nm in the presence of major combustion species (perturber) is
investigated. The absorption spectrum in the vicinity of the
transition is obtained from the fluorescence due to the two-photon
excitation scan of krypton. Krypton was added in small amounts to
major combustion species such as

C
H

4

,

C
O

2

,

N

2

, and air, which then heated to
elevated temperatures when flowed through a set of heated coils. In a
separate experimental campaign, laminar premixed flat flame product
mixtures of methane combustion were employed to extend the
investigations to higher temperature ranges relevant to combustion.
Collisional full width half maximum (FWHM) (

w
C

) and shift (

δ
C

) were computed from the absorption
spectrum by synthetically fitting Voigt profiles to the excitation
scans, and their corresponding temperature scaling was determined by
fitting power-law temperature dependencies to the

w
C

and

δ
C

data for each perturber species. The
temperature exponents of

w
C

and

δ
C

for all considered combustion species
(perturbers) were

−

0.73

and

−

0.6

, respectively. Whereas the
temperature exponents of

w
C

are closer to the value (

−

0.7

) predicted by the dispersive
interaction collision theory, the corresponding exponents of

δ
C

are in between the dispersive
interaction theory and the kinetic theory of hard-sphere collisions.
Comparison with existing literature on broadening parameters of NO,
OH, and CO laser-induced fluorescence spectra reveal interesting
contributions from non-dispersive interactions on the temperature
exponent.
Characterization of fuel/water mixtures and emulsions with ethanol using laser-induced fluorescence
Authors: Koegl Matthias , Mull Christopher , Mishra Yogeshwar Nath , Will Stefan , Zigan Lars 
Published: January 2020

In charged spark-ignition engines, additional water injection allows for the reduction of temperature under stoichiometric mixture conditions. However, a higher complexity of the injection and combustion processes is introduced when a mixture of fuel and water (“emulsion”) is injected directly into the combustion chamber using the same injector. For this purpose, the mixture must be homogenized before injection so that a reproducible composition can be adjusted. In principle, gasoline and water are not miscible, and may form an unstable macro-emulsion during mixing. However, the addition of ethanol, which is a biofuel component that is admixed to gasoline, can improve the mixing and may lead to a stable micro-emulsion. For the assessment of the distribution of the water and fuel phases in the mixture, a novel imaging concept based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is proposed. In a first spectroscopic study, a fluorescence dye for imaging of the water phase is selected and evaluated. The fluorescence spectra of the dye dissolved in pure water are investigated under varied conditions using a simplified pressure cell equipped with a stirrer. The study comprises effects of temperature, dye concentration, and photo-dissociation on fluorescence signals. In a second step, fuel is mixed with water (5 vol. % to 10 vol. %) containing the dye, and the water dispersion in the fuel is investigated in an imaging study. Additionally, the miscibility of fuel and water is studied for varying ethanol content, and the homogeneity of the mixture is determined. These first investigations are also essential for the assessment of the potential of the LIF technique for studying the distribution of the water phase in internal combustion engine injection systems and sprays.
5 × 25  Gbit/s WDM transmitters based on passivated graphene–silicon electro-absorption modulators
Authors: Alessandri Chiara , Asselberghs Inge , Brems Steven , Huyghebaert Cedric , Van Campenhout Joris , Van Thourhout Dries , Pantouvaki Marianna 
Published: January 2020

Today, one of the key challenges of graphene devices is establishing
fabrication processes that can ensure performance stability and
repeatability and that can eventually enable production in high
volumes. In this paper, we use up-scalable fabrication processes to
demonstrate three five-channel wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)
transmitters, each based on five graphene–silicon electro-absorption
modulators. A passivation-first approach is used to encapsulate
graphene, which results in hysteresis-free and uniform performance
across the five channels of each WDM transmitter, for a total of 15
modulators. Open-eye diagrams are obtained at 25 Gb/s using

2.5

V

p
p

, thus demonstrating potential for
multi-channel data transmission at

5

×

25

G
b

/

s

on each of the three WDM
transmitters.
Demonstration of a hybrid optical fiber–wireless 5G fronthaul coexisting with end-to-end 4G networks
Authors: Mufutau Akeem O. , Guiomar Fernando P. , Fernandes Marco A. , Lorences-Riesgo Abel , Oliveira Arnaldo , Monteiro Paulo P. 
Published: January 2020

The plethora of services envisaged to support 5G use-cases requires the development of a radio access network (RAN) infrastructure with the capability to integrate a variety of user-demanded mobile traffic characteristics. It is therefore interesting to study a 5G deployment scenario showcasing heterogeneous transmission. In order to address this challenge, in this paper, we propose and experimentally assess a coarse-wavelength-division-multiplexing-compatible optical access network for joint provisioning of 4G/5G RAN services, supporting the coexistence of both digital and analog radio-over-fiber (ARoF) fronthauling. Resorting to an integrated testbed, we demonstrate the transport of 100 MHz 5G downlink using low-latency and bandwidth-efficient ARoF over 8 km fiber, seamlessly coexisting on the same fronthaul infrastructure with a legacy full-fledged 4G long-term evolution (LTE) network supported by Ethernet-based digital RoF with different functional splits. In addition, we experimentally demonstrate the successful operation of the 4G/5G system in a hybrid fiber–wireless scenario including a free-space optics fronthaul extension with 55 m. The proposed heterogeneous RAN architecture is demonstrated to provide a flexible and robust integration path for novel 5G technologies, enabling their coexistence with currently deployed 4G LTE systems over a shared fronthaul infrastructure.
Mid-infrared frequency comb from a ring quantum cascade laser
Authors: Meng Bo , Singleton Matthew , Shahmohammadi Mehran , Kapsalidis Filippos , Wang Ruijun , Beck Mattias , Faist Jérôme 
Published: January 2020

The effect of spatial hole burning on mode proliferation has been shown both theoretically and experimentally to be important for frequency comb operation in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). It is therefore of great interest to investigate the frequency comb operation from integrated ring cavities where this effect is absent. Here we report a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser based on a buried heterostructure ring cavity that exhibits unidirectional lasing with a frequency comb spectrum displaying a predominantly

s
e
c
h

2

profile over a bandwidth of

∼

10

−
1

. A single beat note with 3 dB linewidth of

<

900

H
z

was observed over the last 85% of the whole current dynamic range. To further verify the frequency comb operation, a multiheterodyne experiment was carried out using a standard Fabry–Pérot QCL comb as a reference laser. This measurement allowed the retrieval of the spectral phases, indicating an operation with strong amplitude modulation.
Ultraviolet-to-millimeter-band supercontinua driven by ultrashort mid-infrared laser pulses
Authors: Mitrofanov A. V. , Sidorov-Biryukov D. A. , Nazarov M. M. , Voronin A. A. , Rozhko M. V. , Shutov A. D. , Ryabchuk S. V. , Serebryannikov E. E. , Fedotov A. B. , Zheltikov A. M. 
Published: January 2020

Combined optical nonlinearity of bound and free electrons in a fast-ionizing medium driven by ultrashort, mid-infrared (mid-IR) pulses gives rise to a vast variety of ultrafast nonlinear-optical scenarios, producing bright, broadband radiation in spectral ranges as different as ultraviolet (UV) and terahertz (THz). Given its enormous bandwidth, a quantitative experimental analysis of this type of nonlinear response is anything but simple. Here, we confront this challenge by ultrabroadband spectral measurements performed across the spectral range from the UV to the millimeter-wave (MMW) band jointly with beam profile analysis in the THz-to-MMW band and direct time-domain field waveform characterization. As one of the most striking results, the nonlinear response of a fast-ionizing gas driven by a two-color field, consisting of a high-peak-power sub-100-fs mid-IR pulse and its second harmonic, is shown to provide a source of a bright multiband supercontinuum (SC) radiation, whose spectrum spans over about 14 octaves, stretching from below 300 nm all the way beyond 4.3 mm. The MMW-to-THz part of this SC is emitted, as direct measurements show, in the form of half-cycle field waveforms that can be focused to yield a field strength of≈5MV/cm. At least 1.5% of the MMW–THz supercontinuum energy is emitted in the MMW range, giving rise to MMW field strengths up to 100 kV/cm in the beam waist region.
Pharmacological treatment strategies for neonates with patent ductus arteriosus: a systematic review
Authors: Yausep Oliver Emmanuel , Iskandar Adhi Teguh Perma 
Published: January 2020

Background Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has a variety of treatment options, ranging from pharmacologic, with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as first line therapy, to surgical ligation. However, treatment with NSAIDs is associated with severe side effects as well as many contraindications. Paracetamol is a non-classic NSAID with the prospect of fewer side effects compared to other NSAID counterparts.
Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of paracetamol to ibuprofen or indomethacin for neonates with PDA by systematic review of the literature.
Methods Our literature search was conducted on four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and The Cochrane Library, to find studies that compared paracetamol to ibuprofen or indomethacin in neonates with PDA. Articles were selected based on pre-set eligibility criteria. Outcomes extracted from each study included PDA closure rates as well as adverse events rates.
Results Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this study. Five compared paracetamol to ibuprofen and one used indomethacin as a control. The studies were of good quality, with several variations in methodology. All trials reported similar closure rates of paracetamol compared to ibuprofen or indomethacin. Three studies reported similar rates of adverse events, whereas another three reported safety profiles that favoured paracetamol over ibuprofen.
Conclusion Paracetamol has similar efficacy to ibuprofen and indomethacin with regards to rate of PDA closure following a course of treatment. Paracetamol is also reportedly relatively safe in terms of adverse events rates experienced by patients.
Outcome predictors in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis receiving intraarticular corticosteroid therapy
Authors: Diwasasri Anindya , Sumadiono Sumadiono , Mulatsih Sri 
Published: January 2020

Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. It can continue into adulthood and cause severe joint damage, resulting in disability and decreased quality of life.
Objective To determine the predictors of clinical outcomes in JIA patients receiving intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACS).
Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children with JIA receiving IACS therapy in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017 by reviewing data from medical records. The dependent variables were disabilities and early remission time. Independent variables included age at diagnosis, JIA subtype, duration of disease at first diagnosis, timing of IACS, exposure to oral systemic therapy, as well as anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) test results. External variables were gender and nutritional status.
Results Of 36 patients who received intraarticular corticosteroid injections, 28 (77.8%) experienced remission, and 16 (50%) experienced disabilities. Female subjects (OR 5.296; 95%CI 1.143 to 24.548; P=0.027) and subjects with ESR >26 mm/h (OR 2; 95%CI 1.259 to 3.170; P=0.043) were more likely to have disabilities. Use of oral corticosteroids for ≤3 months and IACS treatment ≤ 3 months after diagnosis were predictors of early remission time (OR 6.897; 95%CI 1.869 to 25 and OR 3.290; 95%CI 1.195 to 9.091, respectively). However, only oral corticosteroid had a significant correlation in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion Female gender and ESR > 26 mm/h predict disabilities in JIA patients receiving IACS. Duration of oral corticosteroid ≤3 months and early IACS within 3 months of diagnosis correlate to earlier remission time. Shorter duration of oral corticosteroid is the only significant predictor for earlier remission time in JIA patients receiving IACS therapy.
Risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia
Authors: Yunarto Yuliana , Sarosa Gatot Irawan 
Published: January 2020

Background Hypoglycemia is the most common metabolic issue in newborns and should be treated as soon as possible to prevent complications of neurologic impairment, mental retardation, developmental delay, and cardiovascular disorders.
Objective To assess maternal, fetal, and neonatal factors for identifying infants at risk of developing neonatal hypoglycemia.
Methods This case-control study was conducted in the Perinatal Unit of Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Central Java. A total of 123 newborns with blood glucose <47 mg/dL comprised the case group and 123 newborns without hypoglycemia comprised the control group. Characteristics of infants, maternal age, maternal pregnancy-related conditions, as well as fetal and neonatal factors were recorded and analyzed for possible relationships with hypoglycemia.
Results Out of 677 newborns, hypoglycemia was found in 123 (18.2%) infants (59 male, 64 female). In the case group, 58 (47.1%) were preterm, 38 (30.9%) very preterm, and 8 (6.5%) extremely preterm infants. Factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia were prematurity (OR 6.537; 95%CI 3.543 to 12.063; P <0.001), low birth weight (OR 2.979; 95% CI 1.532 to 5.795; P<0.001), small for gestational age (OR 1.805; 95% CI 1.054 to 3.095; P=0.031), and birth asphyxia(OR 3.386; 95% CI 1.945 to 5.895; P<0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, prematurity and low birth weight remained the significant factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia.
Conclusion Prematurity and low birth weight are significant risk factors associated with neonatal hypoglycemia. Routine screening and monitoring of blood glucose is recommended for preterm newborns and infants with low birth weight
Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio as screening tools for hypertension in children aged 6–11 years
Authors: Istiqomah Esti , Gurnida Dida A. , Hilmanto Dany , Hakim Dzulfikar Djalil Lukmanul , Fauziah Prima Nanda 
Published: January 2020

Background Hypertension in children is associated with obesity. 7 The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has been associated with intra-abdominal fat tissue. Anthropometric parameters for determining nutritional status include waist circumference and waist-hip ratio. Many studies have shown that waist circumference and waist-hip ratio are more precise to determine overweight or obese.
Objective To determine the usefulness of waist circumference and waist-hip ratio as hypertensive screening tools for children aged 6-11 years.
Methods This analytical study with cross-sectional design and multistage cluster sampling method was conducted in August-September 2017 at a primary school in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Subjects underwent height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and blood pressure measurements. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to obtain the area under curve (AUC), cut-off point, sensitivity, specificity, and prevalence ratio.
Results Subjects were 325 children consisting of 187 males and 138 females. Hypertension was diagnosed in 47 children (37 males and 10 females). Mean waist circumference and waist-hip circumference ratio were significantly higher in the hypertensive group than in the normotensive group. The hypertensive group had a mean waist circumference of 72.6 (SD 12.8) cm, AUC 0.779 (95%CI 0.730 to 0.823; P<0.001), cut-off point >65 cm, sensitivity 66.0%, specificity 76.3%, and prevalence ratio 4.55. This group had mean waist-hip ratio of 0.94 (SD 0.10), AUC 0.724 (95%CI 0.672 to 0.772; P<0.001), waist-hip ratio cut-off >0.91, sensitivity 59.6%, specificity 77.0%, and prevalence ratio 3.73.
Conclusion Waist circumference >65 cm or waist-hip ratio >0.91 can be used to screen for hypertension in children aged 6-11 years with negative predictive values of 92.0% and 91.8%, respectively.
Assessment of Spontaneous Neuronal ActivityIn VitroUsing Multi-Well Multi-Electrode Arrays: Implications for Assay Development
Authors: Negri Joseph , Menon Vilas , Young-Pearse Tracy L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMulti-electrode arrays (MEAs) are being more widely used by researchers as an instrument platform for monitoring prolonged, non-destructive recordings of spontaneously firing neuronsin vitrofor applications in modeling Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, schizophrenia, and many other diseases of the human CNS. With the more widespread use of these instruments, there is a need to examine the prior art of studies utilizing MEAs and delineate best practices for data acquisition and analysis to avoid errors in interpretation of the resultant data. Using a dataset of recordings from primary rat (Rattus norvegicus) cortical cultures, methods and statistical power for discerning changes in neuronal activity on the array level are examined. Further, a method for unsupervised spike sorting is implemented, allowing for the resolution of action potential incidents down to the single neuron level. Following implementation of spike sorting, the dynamics of firing frequency across populations of individual neurons and networks are examined longitudinally. Finally, the ability to detect a frequency independent phenotype, the change in action potential amplitude, is demonstrated through the use of pore-forming neurotoxin treatments. Taken together, this study provides guidance and tools for users wishing to incorporate multi-well MEA usage into their studies.