bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing unified, pinned, and host/device memory allocations for memory‐intensive workloads on Tegra SoC
Authors: Choi Jake , You Hojun , Kim Chongam , Young Yeom Heon , Kim Yoonhee 
Published: September 2020

SummaryEdge computing focuses on processing near the source of the data. Edge computing devices using the Tegra SoC architecture provide a physically distinct GPU memory architecture. In order to take advantage of this architecture, different modes of memory allocation need to be considered. Different GPU memory allocation techniques yield different results in memory usage and execution times of identical applications on Tegra devices. In this article, we implement several GPU application benchmarks, including our custom CFD code with unified, pinned, and normal host/device memory allocation modes. We evaluate and compare the memory usage and execution time of such workloads on edge computing Tegra system‐on‐chips (SoC) equipped with integrated GPUs using a shared memory architecture, and non‐SoC machines with discrete GPUs equipped with distinct VRAM. We discover that utilizing normal memory allocation methods on SoCs actually use double the required memory because of unnecessary device memory copies, despite being physically shared with host memory. We show that GPU application memory usage can be reduced up to 50%, and that even performance improvements can occur just by replacing normal memory allocation and memory copy methods with managed unified memory or pinned memory allocation.
Ecohydrology of wetland plant communities along an estuarine to tidal river gradient
Authors: Borde Amy B. , Diefenderfer Heida L. , Cullinan Valerie I. , Zimmerman Shon A. , Thom Ronald M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAbiotic filters that interact with wetland plant communities along tidal–fluvial gradients are highly dynamic, and understanding their quantitative thresholds and relationships to interspecific competition is important during an era of sea‐level rise and watershed hydrologic change. Yet, landscape‐scale studies of major coastal rivers from the river mouth to the head of tide, such as this study, remain rare. Here, we develop a new predictive framework for estuarine–tidal river research and management using a river‐specific low‐water datum and the wetland inundation indicator SEVg, the growing‐season sum exceedance value of hourly surface‐water depth. The distribution and variability of the wetland species pool (n = 203) on the 234 river kilometer (rkm) lower Columbia River and estuary floodplain are described for the first time. 4,940 quadrats at 50 marshes were surveyed (2005–2016). Throughout the estuarine–tidal river system, SEVgwas well suited to describe the wetland inundation regime and its variability based on the combination of longitudinal river position and elevation. SEVgincreased significantly landward. Two primary wetland inundation regimes were identified: the seaward‐tidal, usually greatest during the winter months, and landward‐fluvial, greatest during the growing season. Nearest the ocean, salinity is the abiotic factor limiting species richness and non‐native species. Farther upriver, the daily, seasonal, and interannual variability of the wetting and drying cycle encourage disturbance‐tolerant species and non‐natives and limit the number of hydrophytes and total vegetative cover. Hence, the average between‐year similarity of site‐scale areal cover significantly decreased landward. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated five vegetative groups and five ecohydrologic zones between rkm 0 and 234 were discriminated with 76 significant species–zone associations. All zones had unique indicator species. Species with high indicator values wereCarex lyngbyeithroughout the estuarine zones, andEleocharis palustris, Sagittaria latifolia, and the invasive non‐nativePhalaris arundinaceain the upper estuarine and lower, middle, and upper tidal river zones (IV > 0.90). Competition fromC. lyngbyeinearest the ocean andP. arundinaceain the tidal river was associated with reduced species richness when total cover was >65%. This framework of filters informs the design and prediction of future wetland plant communities on coastal river floodplains.
High‐severity and short‐interval wildfires limit forest recovery in the Central Cascade Range
Authors: Busby Sebastian U. , Moffett Kevan B. , Holz Andrés 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIncreasing forest fuel aridity with climate change may be expanding mid‐to‐high‐elevation forests' vulnerability to large, severe, and frequent wildfire. Long‐lasting changes in forests' structure and composition may occur if dominant tree species are poorly adapted to shifting wildfire patterns. We hypothesized that altered fire activity may lower existing forest resilience and disrupt the recovery of upper‐montane and subalpine conifer forest types. We empirically tested this hypothesis by quantifying post‐fire forest structure and conifer tree regeneration after spatially large, severe, and rapidly repeated wildfires (<12‐yr interval) in the Central Cascade Range in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Post‐fire conifer regeneration was generally very poor among plots that experienced either a single high‐severity fire or rapid reburn, driven primarily by lack of proximate seed source. Pre‐fire dominant, shade‐tolerant species' abundance was highly negatively correlated with increasing seed source distances and dry, exposed post‐fire environmental conditions. In rapidly reburned plots, the order of burn severity was critical and promoted establishment of all conifer species, if low‐then‐high severity, or primarily fire‐adapted pines, if high‐then‐low severity. Our findings suggest that these forests, affected by expansive high‐severity and/or short‐interval wildfire, may transition into a patchy, low‐density, pine‐dominated forest state under future warming trends. These emerging, early seral ecosystems will incorporate more fire‐adapted tree species, lower tree densities, and more non‐forest patches than prior forests, likely expanding their resilience to anticipated increases in fire frequency. If future larger, more severe, and more frequent wildfire patterns manifest as expected in the Cascade Range, previously denser, moist mid‐to‐high‐elevation forests may begin resembling their drier, lower‐elevation mixed‐conifer counterparts in structure and composition.
Perspectives on youth‐onset nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Castillo‐Leon Eduardo , Cioffi Catherine E. , Vos Miriam B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and incidence of youth‐onset nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) far exceeds other paediatric chronic liver diseases and represents a considerable public health issue globally.MethodsHere, we performed a narrative review of current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of paediatric NAFLD, selected concepts in pathogenesis, comorbidities, diagnosis, and management, and issues related to the transition to adulthood.ResultsPaediatric NAFLD has become increasingly more prevalent, especially in certain subgroups, such as children with obesity and certain races/ethnicities. The pathophysiology of paediatric NAFLD is complex and multifactorial, driven by an interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Once developed, NAFLD in childhood is associated with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, increased cardiovascular disease risk, and end‐stage liver disease. This predicts an increased burden of morbidity and mortality in adolescents and young adults. Early screening and diagnosis are therefore crucial, and the development of noninvasive biomarkers remains an active area of investigation. Currently, treatment strategies are focused on lifestyle changes, but there is also research interest in pharmacological and surgical options. In the transition from paediatric to adult care, there are several potential challenges/barriers to treatment and research is needed to understand how best to support patients during this time.ConclusionsOur understanding of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of paediatric NAFLD has increased considerably over recent decades, but several critical knowledge gaps remain and must be addressed in order to better mitigate the short‐term and long‐term risks of youth‐onset NAFLD.
Impact of right ventricular contractile reserve during low‐load exercise on exercise intolerance in heart failure
Authors: Kinoshita Masaki , Inoue Katsuji , Higashi Haruhiko , Akazawa Yusuke , Sasaki Yasuhiro , Fujii Akira , Uetani Teruyoshi , Inaba Shinji , Aono Jun , Nagai Takayuki , Nishimura Kazuhisa , Ikeda Shuntaro , Yamaguchi Osamu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTraditional criteria for heart transplantation by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) include peak oxygen uptake (VO2) < 14 mL/kg/min. Reaching a sufficient exercise load is challenging for patients with refractory heart failure (HF) because of their exercise intolerance. Recently, a substantial impact of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction was highlighted on urgent heart transplantation and mortality. This study aims to investigate the impact of RV contractile reserve, assessed by low‐load exercise stress echocardiography (ESE), on exercise intolerance defined as peak VO2 < 14 mL/kg/min, in patients with HF.Methods and resultsWe prospectively examined 67 consecutive patients hospitalized for HF who underwent ESE and CPX under a stabilized HF condition. Although low‐load ESE was defined as 25 W load exercise, an increment in RV systolic (s′) velocity was regarded as the preservation of RV contractile reserve. All patients completed low‐load ESE. During low‐load ESE, the variation in RV s′ velocity significantly correlated with peak VO2 (r = 0.787, P < 0.001). The change in RV s′ velocity during low‐load ESE accurately identified patients with peak VO2 < 14 mL/kg/min (area under the curve, 0.95; sensitivity, 92%; specificity, 85%). The intraclass correlation coefficient for intra‐observer and inter‐observer agreement for the change in RV s′ velocity was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.88–0.99, P < 0.001) and 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.95, P < 0.001), respectively. The RV‐to‐pulmonary circulation (PC) coupling, which was assessed by the slope of the relationship between RV s′ velocity and pulmonary artery systolic pressure at rest and low‐load exercise, was worse in the low‐peak VO2 group (<14 mL/kg/min) than the preserved‐peak VO2 group (≥14 mL/kg/min).ConclusionsThe change in RV s′ velocity during low‐load ESE could estimate the exercise capacity in HF patients. The assessments of RV contractile reserve and RV‐to‐PC coupling could be clinically beneficial to distinguish high‐risk HF patients.
Cardiac output improvement by pecavaptan: a novel dual‐acting vasopressin V1a/V2 receptor antagonist in experimental heart failure
Authors: Mondritzki Thomas , Mai Thuy Anh , Vogel Julia , Pook Elisabeth , Wasnaire Pierre , Schmeck Carsten , Hüser Jörg , Dinh Wilfried , Truebel Hubert , Kolkhof Peter 
Published: September 2020

AimsArginine vasopressin (AVP) mediates deleterious effects via vascular V1a and renal V2 receptors in heart failure (HF). Despite positive short‐term decongestive effects in phase II HF studies, selective V2 receptor antagonism has shown no long‐term mortality benefit, potentially related to unopposed V1a receptor activation. We compared the novel dual V1a/V2 receptor antagonist pecavaptan with the selective V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan in pre‐clinical HF models.Methods and resultsIn vitro IC50 determination in recombinant cell lines revealed similar receptor selectivity profiles (V2:V1a) of tolvaptan and pecavaptan for human and dog AVP receptors, respectively. Two canine models were used to compare haemodynamic and aquaretic effects: (i) anaesthetised dogs with tachypacing‐induced HF, and (ii) conscious telemetric dogs with a non‐invasive cardiac output (CO) monitor. Tolvaptan and pecavaptan exhibited no differences in urinary output. In HF dogs, pecavaptan counteracted the AVP‐induced increase in afterload and decrease in CO (pecavaptan: 1.83 ± 0.31 L/min; vs. tolvaptan: 1.46 ± 0.07 L/min, P < 0.05). In conscious telemetric animals, pecavaptan led to a significant increase in CO (+0.26 ± 0.17 L/min, P = 0.0086 vs. placebo), in cardiac index (+0.58 ± 0.39 L/min/m2, P = 0.009 vs. placebo) and a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance (−5348.6 ± 3601.3 dyn × s/cm5, P < 0.0001 vs. placebo), whereas tolvaptan was without any significant effect.ConclusionsSimultaneous blockade of vascular V1a and renal V2 receptors efficiently induces aquaresis and counteracts AVP‐mediated haemodynamic aggravation in HF models. Dual V1a/V2 antagonism may lead to improved outcomes in HF.
Self‐care of heart failure patients: practical management recommendations from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Jaarsma Tiny , Hill Loreena , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , La Rocca Hans‐Peter Brunner , Castiello Teresa , Čelutkienė Jelena , Marques‐Sule Elena , Plymen Carla M. , Piper Susan E. , Riegel Barbara , Rutten Frans H. , Ben Gal Tuvia , Bauersachs Johann , Coats Andrew J.S. , Chioncel Ovidiu , Lopatin Yuri , Lund Lars H. , Lainscak Mitja , Moura Brenda , Mullens Wilfried , Piepoli Massimo F. , Rosano Giuseppe , Seferovic Petar , Strömberg Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelf‐care is essential in the long‐term management of chronic heart failure. Heart failure guidelines stress the importance of patient education on treatment adherence, lifestyle changes, symptom monitoring and adequate response to possible deterioration. Self‐care is related to medical and person‐centred outcomes in patients with heart failure such as better quality of life as well as lower mortality and readmission rates. Although guidelines give general direction for self‐care advice, health care professionals working with patients with heart failure need more specific recommendations. The aim of the management recommendations in this paper is to provide practical advice for health professionals delivering care to patients with heart failure. Recommendations for nutrition, physical activity, medication adherence, psychological status, sleep, leisure and travel, smoking, immunization and preventing infections, symptom monitoring, and symptom management are consistent with information from guidelines, expert consensus documents, recent evidence and expert opinion.
In vitro probiotic screening and evaluation of space‐induced mutant Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhang Tiehua , Ye Haiqing , Hao Hongwei , Zhang Hongxing , Zhao Changhui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpace mutation is an efficient tool in microbial breeding. The aim of the present study was to screen out space‐induced mutants of Lactobacillus plantarum with potent probiotic properties. The wild‐type Lactobacillus plantarum GS18 was subjected to 31 days and 18.5 hr of space flight, in which 13 isolates were selected for analysis. These mutants were assayed for milk fermentation performance, low pH resistance, bile salt tolerance, hydrophobicity, and antimicrobial activity. The 16S rDNA sequencing was applied to identify the stain and compare it with the wild type. Results showed that the isolate L. plantarum SS18–50 had the strongest probiotic properties with no mutation in 16S rRNA sequence compared to the wild type. Specifically, L. plantarum SS18–50 had good milk fermentation performance. The viscosity of fermented milk, acid tolerance, and bile salt tolerance were increased by approximately 10%, 8%, and 9%, respectively (p < .05). The antibacterial activity (Escherichia Coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria Monocytogenes) was also increased significantly compared to the wild type (p < .05). This study indicates that L. plantarum SS18–50 has the great potential to serve as a probiotic for dairy products.
Hybrid positron emission tomography imaging for initial staging of sinonasal tumors: Total lesion glycolysis as prognosticator of treatment response
Authors: Meerwein Christian M. , Maurer Alexander , Stolzmann Paul , Stadler Thomas M. , Soyka Michael B. , Holzmann David , Hüllner Martin W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo assess hybrid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the initial staging and outcome prediction of sinonasal malignancies.MethodsRetrospective study on patients with sinonasal malignancies undergoing hybrid PET imaging for initial staging.ResultsComplete remission (CR) was achieved in 45 of 65 patients (69.2%). Overall sensitivity for detection of primaries using 18F‐fluoro‐deoxy‐d‐glucose PET (FDG‐PET) was 95.4%, for lymph node metastases 100% and distant metastases (DM) 100%. On univariate analysis, PET parameter total lesion glycolysis (TLG) was associated with achieving CR after primary treatment (176.8 ± 157.2 vs 83.7 ± 110.8, P = .03). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that TLG adjusted for the T classification best predicted achievement of CR.ConclusionsHybrid PET imaging yields an excellent sensitivity in detecting primary tumors, lymph node metastases and DM in sinonasal malignancies. TLG of the primary tumor is an independent prognostic factor for achieving CR after initial treatment.
Experimental exergy and entransy analyses on designed and fabricated crossflow heat exchanger
Authors: Geete Ankur , Mahajan Ajinkya , Shinde Ankit , Modak Deepak 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA crossflow heat exchanger (CFHEx) is designed and fabricated in a workshop. For designing this heat exchanger (HEx), the number of passes, frontal areas, HEx volumes, heat transfer areas, free‐flow areas, ratios of minimum free‐flow area to frontal area, densities, mass flow rates of flowing fluids, maximum/minimum heat capacities, heat capacity ratio, outlet temperatures of hot/cold fluids, average temperatures, mass velocities, Reynolds numbers, and convective heat transfer coefficients are evaluated by considering Colburn/friction factors. After fabrication of the HEx, effectiveness, exergy destruction, entransy dissipation, entransy dissipation‐based thermal resistance, entransy dissipation number, and entransy effectiveness for hot/cold fluids sides are found at different flow rates and inlet temperatures of fluids. By experimental results, optimum operating conditions are found, which gives maximum effectiveness and entransy effectiveness but minimum rates of exergy destruction, entransy dissipation, entransy dissipation‐based thermal resistance, and entransy dissipation number for the fabricated CFHEx. This study is concluded as follows: minimum exergy destruction and entransy dissipation rates (ie, 3.061 kJ/s·K and 1125.44 kJ·K/s, respectively) are found during experiment 2. Maximum entransy effectiveness of hot/cold fluids (ie, 0.689/0.21) is achieved in experiment 1. Moderate values of entransy dissipation number (ie, 4.689), entransy dissipation‐based thermal resistance (ie, 0.04 s·K/J), exergy destruction (ie, 3.845 kJ/s·K), and entransy dissipation (ie, 1374.04 kJ·K/s) rates are found during experiment 1. Maximum effectiveness (ie, 0.4) for the fabricated HEx is also obtained through experiment 1. After comparative analyses, it is found that experiment 1 provides optimum results, which shows the best performance of the fabricated HEx.
An integrated approach of flash flood analysis in ungauged Mediterranean watersheds using post‐flood surveys and unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Kastridis Aristeidis , Kirkenidis Christos , Sapountzis Marios 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study analyzes the flash flood event of two ungauged ephemeral streams in Olympiada region (Chalkidiki, North Greece), which occurred at the 21–22 of November 2019. Aim of the study is to reconstruct the specific flash flood event, investigate the causes of flood generation mechanisms, evaluate the performance of SCS‐CN hydrological and HEC‐RAS hydraulic models, investigate the relation between extreme flash floods and human intervention, using the combination of ground and aerial observations obtained from the field survey and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), respectively. The results of the specific discharge ranged between 9 and 11 m3 s−1 km2, values that are typical for flash flood events in Mediterranean region. The comparison between the observed and simulated values of flood extent showed sufficiently good performance of the hydraulic model (CSI = 82%). However, the statistical analysis of the observed and simulated flood depths displayed a flood depth overestimation by the applied model, despite that the values of the used statistic indexes are acceptable (RMSE = 0.35 m, SD = 0.53, NSE = 0.56, PBIAS = 11.26%). The model overestimation of flood depth was attributed to the DEM low resolution and quality. Ground and aerial observations depicted the alluvial fan activation, the alternation of flow paths and the huge sediment transport. Human intervention in main streams, urban sprawl, wet AMC and sediment transport were among the main factors that contributed to the flash flood generation. This integrated approach revealed the necessity of the constant evaluation and validation of hydrological and hydraulic models in small ungauged Mediterranean watersheds and ephemeral streams. The use of UAVs in combination with ground observations and hydraulic simulation could significantly contribute to the enhanced understanding of flash flood mechanisms, in the direction of flood risk mitigation, improvement of the planning efficiency of flood prevent measures, flood hazard estimation, evolution of flood warning systems and floodplain geomorphology analysis.
Digital breast tomosynthesis improves diagnostic accuracy of breast microcalcifications
Authors: Liu Weimin , Long Meijun , Peng Lingrong , Qu Caihong , Guo Ruomi , Kang Zhuang , Wang Jin , Wu Juekun , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDBT reconstructs high‐resolution tomographic images through multi‐angle scanning. We aimed at investigating the diagnostic value of DBT in breast microcalcifications of Asian women. The clinical characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of FFDM and DBT in 70 breast cancer patients were compared. 52 malignant lesions and 24 benign lesions were found in 76 breast microcalcifications. FFDM presented with high sensitivity and low specificity of 94.2% and 45.8%, while DBT presented with high sensitivity and medium specificity of 96.1% and 62.5%. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic coincidence rate of DBT were higher than those of FFDM (84.7%, 88.2%, 85.5% vs. 79.0%, 78.5%, 78.9%, respectively). The AUC of DBT was significantly higher than that of FFDM (Z = 2.322, P = 0.020), at 0.700 ± 0.055 [0.584‐0.800] and 0.793 ± 0.052 [0.685‐0.878], respectively. Thus, we concluded that DBT improves the diagnostic accuracy and detection rate of microcalcifications in Asian women.
Morphological description of the third instar larva ofLasiotrichius succinctus hananoi(Sawada) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Trichiini), using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Dong Xu‐Ming , Jia Zhi‐Chao , Jiang Lu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCetoniinae is one of the showiest scarab groups, exhibiting bright‐metallic body colors, and usually attract great attention from entomologists and amateur collectors. Larvae of Cetoniinae show dramatically diversity on morphology and living habits.Althoughbeing considered one of the best‐studied groups of Scarabaeidae, larvae have been described for less than 5% species to the known Cetoniinae. In this study, the final instar larva ofLasiotrichius succinctus hananoiwas described using scanning electron microscopy. The larvae are peculiar for bearing a haptomeral process dividing 10 spines into two groups: six on the left side, four on the right side, different from the previous descriptions onL. succinctus(Pallas, 1781). The morphological differences under SEM imply the further requirement of taxonomic revision inLasiotrichius. Both advantage and disadvantage of SEM utilizing in larval descriptions were briefly discussed.