bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affective Well‐Being, Rumination, and Positive Reappraisal among People Living with HIV: A Measurement‐Burst Diary Study
Authors: Gruszczyńska Ewa , Rzeszutek Marcin 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundChanges of affective well‐being are usually analysed either as longitudinal processes or as daily fluctuations. We used a three‐burst diary study to combine these perspectives.MethodThe participants were 211 patients with a diagnosis of HIV infection. In three bursts with 6‐month intervals, they completed an online diary for five consecutive days, which gives 15 days of measurements. They evaluate affective well‐being (positive and negative affect), stress associated with a central hassle, and coping (rumination and positive reappraisal).ResultsHigher daily stress coupled with higher rumination was related to lower well‐being. For positive reappraisal, the picture was more complex. First, its interaction with daily stress had an effect on negative, but not on positive, affect. Second, this effect was significant only at the first burst.ConclusionsThese results suggest a stable debilitating effect of daily rumination, but a limited and diminishing beneficial effect of daily positive reappraisal among people living with HIV. As such, they do not confirm the view that positive reappraisal sustains affective well‐being during chronic health conditions. This may inform stress management interventions for PLWH, which are now increasingly taking the form of mobile applications, adapted to the daily lives of patients in their natural environment.
Utility of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 as a serum protein biomarker for the early detection of non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A multicenter in vitro diagnostic clinical trial
Authors: Sun Nan , Sun Shouguo , Gao Yibo , Li Yuan , Lu Zhiliang , Yuan Zuyang , Che Yun , Huang Jianbing , Mao Shuangshuang , Lei Yuanyuan , Zang Ruochuan , Li Ning , Cui Wei , Qi Jun , Chen Feng , Gao Jia , Wang Jinling , Min Rong , Chen Yan , Shi Guangli , Tan Fengwei , He Jie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe aimed to verify the expression status and diagnostic significance of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially during early stages. Serum IDH1 levels were measured by ELISA. A total of 1223 participants (660 patients with NSCLC, 276 healthy controls [HCs], 95 patients with benign pulmonary conditions [BPCs], 135 patients with other cancers [OCs], and 57 samples with interfering factors) were divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort according to 3 testing centers. The IDH1 concentrations in the NSCLC group were obviously higher than those in the control groups (P < .001). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for discriminating NSCLC patients from controls (HC, BPC, and OC) were 0.870 and 0.745 (sensitivity, 63.3% and 55.0%; specificity, 86.8% and 86.3%) in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. The AUCs for discriminating stage 0‐IA lung cancer patients from HCs were 0.907 and 0.788 (sensitivity, 58.6% and 59.1%; specificity, 92.9% and 89.3%) in 2 cohorts, respectively. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 showed specificity for NSCLC and had no diagnostic value for other common cancers. Furthermore, IDH1 was significantly reduced in postoperative serum. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 shows clinical utility as a serum protein biomarker for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.
Marked neurological and immunological improvement in refractory eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis after treatment with mepolizumab, an anti‐interleukin‐5 antibody: A case report
Authors: Yasuda Manato , Sugiyama Atsuhiko , Suichi Tomoki , Misawa Sonoko , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMepolizumab is an option for add‐on therapy in cases of refractory or relapsing eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis (EGPA). However, it has not been fully investigated if add‐on mepolizumab is effective for active refractory or active relapsing EGPA patients with life‐ and/or organ‐threatening manifestations, especially with severe neuropathy.Case presentationWe herein report on a 63‐year‐old man with severe progressive neuropathy secondary to active relapsing EGPA. In this case, the optimal dose of glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide could not be used because of glaucoma and signet ring cell carcinoma. Add‐on therapy of mepolizumab showed prompt immunological remission and marked improvement in neurological manifestations.ConclusionsMepolizumab can be considered as an important induction therapy option for active relapsing or refractory EGPA. It has the potential to effectively improve neurological disturbances associated with severe neuropathy in EGPA.
Fossil and phylogenetic analyses reveal recurrent periods of diversification and extinction in dictyopteran insects
Authors: Condamine Fabien L. , Nel André , Grandcolas Philippe , Legendre Frédéric 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVariations of speciation and extinction rates determine the fate of clades through time. Periods of high diversification and extinction (possibly mass‐extinction events) can punctuate the evolutionary history of various clades, but they remain loosely defined for many biological groups, especially nonmarine invertebrates like insects. Here, we examine whether the cockroaches, mantises and termites (altogether included in Dictyoptera) have experienced episodic pulses of speciation or extinction and how these pulses may be associated with environmental fluctuations or mass extinctions. We relied on molecular phylogeny and fossil data to shed light on the times and rates at which dictyopterans diversified. The diversification of Dictyoptera has alternated between (i) periods of high diversification in the late Carboniferous, Early–Middle Triassic, Early Cretaceous and middle Palaeogene, and (ii) periods of high extinction rates particularly at the Permian‐Triassic boundary, but not necessarily correlated with the major global biodiversity crises as in the mid‐Cretaceous. This study advocates the importance of analyzing, when possible, both molecular phylogeny and fossil data to unveil diversification and extinction periods for a given group. The causes and consequences of extinction must be studied beyond mass‐extinction events alone to gain a broader understanding of how clades wax and wane.
Glucose and protein metabolic responses to an energy‐ but not protein‐ restricted diet in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Coussa Ayla , Bassil Maya , Gougeon Réjeanne , Marliss Errol B. , Morais José A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo test the effect of energy restriction with maintained protein intake on body composition and on insulin sensitivity of glucose and protein metabolism in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and methodsAfter 3 days of an isoenergetic diet with 1.2 g/kg/d protein, obese adults with T2D (three women, two men) followed a 5‐week diet providing 60% of energy requirements with 45% carbohydrate, and with protein maintained at pre‐intervention level. Isotopic tracers were used to quantify whole‐body glucose (3‐3H‐glucose) and protein (13C‐leucine) metabolism pre‐ (day 4) and post‐intervention (day 39), in the postabsorptive state and during a hyperinsulinaemic, isoglycaemic, isoaminoacidaemic clamp. Body composition was measured using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsAfter energy restriction, 6% weight loss occurred via total body (11%) and visceral fat losses (25%), but lean mass was preserved. Fasting glucose level, serum insulin level, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index and C‐peptide level decreased significantly (29%, 38%, 54% and 38%, respectively) as did other cardiometabolic risk factors. Between clamp studies, postabsorptive protein turnover and oxidation rates decreased (12% and 32%), resulting in less negative net balance, consistent with protein conservation. The rates of glucose turnover decreased, and glucose metabolic clearance rate improved (24%). During the clamp, protein flux was lower (9%) and breakdown suppressed (12%), and net balance became less negative but not different. Although glucose turnover did not differ, metabolic clearance improved by 47%.ConclusionsIn obese adults with T2D, an energy‐restricted diet with maintained protein intake of ~1.2 g/kg/d improved the kinetics of protein metabolism (particularly in the postabsorptive state), and preserved lean body mass and increased glucose metabolic clearance rate.
Conserving the endangered woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi): Establishing a semi‐arid population within a fenced safe haven
Authors: Smith Michael , Volck Georgia , Palmer Nicola , Jackson Chantelle , Moir Carly , Parker Raquel , Palmer Bryony , Thomasz Adele 
Published: March 2020

SummaryMeasuring and monitoring population size and growth are critical to assessing the progress and ultimately the success (or failure) of a reintroduction. The Woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) is one of Australia's threatened critical weight range mammals. To increase the species' area of occupancy, extent of occurrence, number of sub‐populations and global population size, in addition to creating a source population for future reintroductions, a new population has been re‐established into a safe haven located within the species' former range – Mt Gibson Wildlife Sanctuary. In this paper, we document the first 3 years of the reintroduction programme, over which time 162 individuals were translocated to Mt Gibson. Specifically, we (i) provide information on survivorship, (ii) estimate changes in critical population metrics (density, population size and distribution) and (iii) look for any major habitat preferences. Survivorship of collared animals was complete (i.e. zero mortality). The most recent population estimate was in the order of 750 individuals, reflecting strong growth in population size and density. The woylie has occupied the majority of the safe haven and is well represented in all major vegetation communities. The translocation is on track to meeting the key success criteria: a self‐sustaining population of woylies with a minimum of 300 individuals.
Macroalgal meadow habitats support fish and fisheries in diverse tropical seascapes
Authors: Fulton Christopher J. , Berkström Charlotte , Wilson Shaun K. , Abesamis Rene A. , Bradley Michael , Åkerlund Carolina , Barrett Luke T. , Bucol Abner A. , Chacin Dinorah H. , Chong‐Seng Karen M. , Coker Darren J. , Depczynski Martial , Eggertsen Linda , Eggertsen Maria , Ellis David , Evans Richard D. , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Hoey Andrew S. , Holmes Thomas H. , Kulbicki Michel , Leung Priscilla T. Y. , Lam Paul K. S. , van Lier Joshua , Matis Paloma A. , Noble Mae M. , Pérez‐Matus Alejandro , Piggott Camilla , Radford Ben T. , Tano Stina , Tinkler Paul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCanopy‐forming macroalgae can construct extensive meadow habitats in tropical seascapes occupied by fishes that span a diversity of taxa, life‐history stages and ecological roles. Our synthesis assessed whether these tropical macroalgal habitats have unique fish assemblages, provide fish nurseries and support local fisheries. We also applied a meta‐analysis of independent surveys across 23 tropical reef locations in 11 countries to examine how macroalgal canopy condition is related to the abundance of macroalgal‐associated fishes. Over 627 fish species were documented in tropical macroalgal meadows, with 218 of these taxa exhibiting higher local abundance within this habitat (cf. nearby coral reef) during at least one life‐history stage. Major overlap (40%–43%) in local fish species richness among macroalgal and seagrass or coral reef habitats suggest macroalgal meadows may provide an important habitat refuge. Moreover, the prominence of juvenile fishes suggests macroalgal meadows facilitate the triphasic life cycle of many fishes occupying diverse tropical seascapes. Correlations between macroalgal canopy structure and juvenile abundance suggests macroalgal habitat condition can influence levels of replenishment in tropical fish populations, including the majority of macroalgal‐associated fishes that are targeted by commercial, subsistence or recreational fisheries. While many macroalgal‐associated fishery species are of minor commercial value, their local importance for food and livelihood security can be substantial (e.g. up to 60% of landings in Kenyan reef fisheries). Given that macroalgal canopy condition can vary substantially with sea temperature, there is a high likelihood that climate change will impact macroalgal‐associated fish and fisheries.
Morphological traits mediate fish occurrences in oil palm‐impacted tropical streams
Authors: Chua Kenny W. J. , Lim Felix K. S. , Ahmad Amirrudin B. , Tan Heok Hui , Yeo Darren C. J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Land‐use change is a leading driver of biodiversity loss, especially in tropical fresh waters where the conversion of natural forest to monoculture plantations impacts freshwater fish assemblages. The environmental pathways underpinning shifts in fish assemblages, however, are poorly understood, but could potentially be inferred from trait–environment relationships.

We addressed this knowledge gap using eco‐morphological traits to explain fish occurrences in oil palm‐impacted streams of the Endau drainage in Peninsular Malaysia. We also investigated how traits relate to differences in environmental conditions associated with land‐use change. We then integrate findings from the above to test how potential pathways of land‐use driven environmental changes can impact species occurrences through effects on life history, feeding habits, and mobility.

Mixed‐effects models show that fishes with superior (upward‐facing) mouths and low body mass were more likely to occur in oil palm streams than forest streams, and these traits were associated with grass‐dominated riparian zones and reduced woody debris in oil palm streams, respectively. Structural equation models show that mouth positions statistically mediated the effect of riparian vegetation on fish species occurrences in oil palm streams. Specifically, fishes with superior mouths were more likely to feed on terrestrial invertebrates.

Our analysis of easily measurable traits revealed pathways of land‐use impact that are potentially more widely applicable than conventional taxa‐based approaches. Fishes with superior mouths tended to occur in oil palm streams as they were able to more effectively exploit inputs of terrestrial invertebrates that are potentially associated with grass‐dominated riparian vegetation.

Moreover, shifts in traits may suggest land‐use driven changes in stream ecosystem functioning (e.g. in terms of the role of terrestrial subsidies), thereby informing targeted management actions in land‐use impacted habitats (e.g. retention/restoration of riparian trees).
The realities of climate change, conservation agriculture and soil carbon sequestration
Authors: Hunt James R. , Celestina Corinne , Kirkegaard John A. 
Published: March 2020

The principles of conservation agriculture are frequently assumed to increase soil organic carbon and crop yield under all circumstances. A new analysis confirms that this is not the case, and that the likelihood of increasing either soil organic carbon or crop yield is environmentally dependent.This is a commentary on Sun et al. 26, 3325–3335.
Effect of up‐regulation of circMATR3 on the proliferation, metastasis, progression and survival of hypopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zhanwang , Wei Peng , Wei Dongmin , Cao Shengda , Liu Heng , Chen Long , Han Xiao , Zhao Xiaoyan , Liu Chuan , Li Guojun , Yang Jianming , Pan Xinliang , Lei Dapeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIncreasing number of circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play important role in gene regulation, carcinogenesis and pathogenesis in various cancers. However, the biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) remain elusive. Thus, secondary circRNA‐seq profiling was performed to identify the differentially expressed circRNAs between HSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, and the expression level of circMATR3 (derived from human gene matrin3 (MATR3), has_circRNA_0008922) was confirmed by qRT‐PCR. Proliferation of HSCC cells was detected by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK8) assay, apoptosis and the cell cycle were analysed by flow cytometry, and the migration and invasion of HSCC cells was determined by transwell assay. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to predict possible pathways and potential miRNA targets of circMATR3. We found that circMATR3 was up‐regulated in HSCC tissues, and abundant circMATR3 expression was markedly correlated with late T classification, advanced clinical stage, greater lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Furthermore, knock‐down of circMATR3 significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of HSCC cells, whereas silencing of circMATR3 induced cell apoptosis. Our analysis predicted that circMATR3 may participate in cancer‐related pathways by serving as miRNA sponges. In conclusion, our findings first identified the oncogenic roles of circMATR3 in promoting the progression of HSCC and demonstrated that circMATR3 may be a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HSCC.
Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks against influenza: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Long Youlin , Hu Tengyue , Liu Liqin , Chen Rui , Guo Qiong , Yang Liu , Cheng Yifan , Huang Jin , Du Liang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivePrevious meta‐analyses concluded that there was insufficient evidence to determine the effect of N95 respirators. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks for prevention of influenza by collecting randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMbase and The Cochrane Library from the inception to January 27, 2020 to identify relevant systematic reviews. The RCTs included in systematic reviews were identified. Then we searched the latest published RCTs from the above three databases and searched ClinicalTrials.gov for unpublished RCTs. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed risk of bias. Meta‐analyses were conducted to calculate pooled estimates by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of six RCTs involving 9 171 participants were included. There were no statistically significant differences in preventing laboratory‐confirmed influenza (RR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.92‐1.28, P > .05), laboratory‐confirmed respiratory viral infections (RR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.70‐1.11), laboratory‐confirmed respiratory infection (RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.42‐1.29) and influenzalike illness (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.33‐1.14) using N95 respirators and surgical masks. Meta‐analysis indicated a protective effect of N95 respirators against laboratory‐confirmed bacterial colonization (RR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.43‐0.78).ConclusionThe use of N95 respirators compared with surgical masks is not associated with a lower risk of laboratory‐confirmed influenza. It suggests that N95 respirators should not be recommended for general public and nonhigh‐risk medical staff those are not in close contact with influenza patients or suspected patients.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of colorectal cancer screening using colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test, and risk score
Authors: Sekiguchi Masau , Igarashi Ataru , Sakamoto Taku , Saito Yutaka , Esaki Minoru , Matsuda Takahisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimA risk‐stratification score may be useful for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, alongside screening colonoscopy (CS) and fecal immunochemical test (FIT). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of population‐based CRC screening strategies using CS, FIT, and the Japanese CRC screening score.MethodsThe effectiveness in quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), cost‐effectiveness, and required number of CS procedures were evaluated for screening strategies with primary screening CS (strategy 1), FIT (strategy 2), and the risk score (strategy 3), using a simulation model analysis with two scenarios. In scenario 1, uptake rates for all tests were 60%. In scenario 2, uptake rates for FIT and a risk score were 40%, and those for screening CS and CS following a positive FIT or high risk score were 20% and 70%, respectively.ResultsIn scenario 1, strategy 1 gained the highest QALYs and required the highest cost. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios per QALY gained for strategy 1 against the others were lower than 5 000 000 JPY. Strategy 1 required more than twice as many CS procedures as the other strategies. In scenario 2, strategy 3 had the highest QALYs and lowest cost, and strategy 1 had the lowest QALYs and highest cost.ConclusionsScreening CS has the potential to be the most effective and cost‐effective form of CRC screening, although it requires a large number of CS procedures. However, if non‐invasive tests are preferred by recipients, other screening strategies, particularly those using the risk score, can be more effective and cost‐effective.
Do not swipe the small stuff: A randomized evaluation of rules of thumb‐based financial education
Authors: Theodos Brett , Stacy Christina Plerhoples , Hanson Devlin , Jamison Julian , Daniels Rebecca 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe perform the first rigorous test of a rules of thumb‐based approach to financial education on consumer behavior and outcomes. We test two rules of thumb that are targeted at reducing credit card revolving and deliver them in a randomized fashion via e‐mail, online banner, and physical mailer. Using monthly administrative data and pre and postintervention credit data on almost 14,000 consumers, we find that the “Do not swipe the small stuff” rule of thumb reduces participants' targeted credit card balance by an average of 2% at a cost of around $0.50 per person. The “Credit keeps charging” rule shows a decline as well but the impact is not significant.
Combined effects of aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol on the expression of glutathione redox system regulatory genes in common carp
Authors: Kövesi Benjamin , Pelyhe Csilla , Zándoki Erika , Mézes Miklós , Balogh Krisztián 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the short‐term effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) exposure on the expression of the genes encoding the glutathione redox system glutathione peroxidase 4a (gpx4a), glutathione peroxidase 4b (gpx4b), glutathione synthetase (gss) and glutathione reductase (gsr) and the oxidative stress response‐related transcription factors Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (keap1) and nuclear factor‐erythroid 2 p45‐related factor 2 (nrf2) in liver, kidney and spleen of common carp. During the 24‐hr long experiment, three different doses (5 µg AFB1 and 110 µg DON; 7.5 µg AFB1 and 165 µg DON or 10 µg AFB1 and 220 µg DON/kg bw) were used. The results indicated that the co‐exposure of AFB1 and DON initiated free radical formation in liver, kidney and spleen, which was suggested by the increase in Nrf2 dependent genes, namely gpx4a, gpx4b, gss and gsr. Expression of keap1 gene showed upregulation after 8 hr of mycotoxin exposure, and also upregulation of nrf2 gene was found in kidney after 8 hr of exposure, while in the liver, only slight differences were observed. The changes in the expression of the analysed genes suggest that level of reactive oxygen species reached a critical level where other signalling pathway was activated as described by the hierarchical model of oxidative stress.