bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large climate mitigation potential from adding trees to agricultural lands
Authors: Chapman Melissa , Walker Wayne S. , Cook‐Patton Susan C. , Ellis Peter W. , Farina Mary , Griscom Bronson W. , Baccini Alessandro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile improved management of agricultural landscapes is promoted as a promising natural climate solution, available estimates of the mitigation potential are based on coarse assessments of both agricultural extent and aboveground carbon density. Here we combine 30 meter resolution global maps of aboveground woody carbon, tree cover, and cropland extent, as well as a 1 km resolution map of global pasture land, to estimate the current and potential carbon storage of trees in nonforested portions of agricultural lands. We find that global croplands currently store 3.07 Pg of carbon (C) in aboveground woody biomass (i.e., trees) and pasture lands account for an additional 3.86 Pg C across a combined 3.76 billion ha. We then estimate the climate mitigation potential of multiple scenarios of integration and avoided loss of trees in crop and pasture lands based on region‐specific biomass distributions. We evaluate our findings in the context of nationally determined contributions and find that the majority of potential carbon storage from integration and avoided loss of trees in crop and pasture lands is in countries that do not identify agroforestry as a climate mitigation technique.
Soils' dirty little secret: Depth‐based comparisons can be inadequate for quantifying changes in soil organic carbon and other mineral soil properties
Authors: von Haden Adam C. , Yang Wendy H. , DeLucia Evan H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuantifying changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and other soil properties is essential for understanding how soils will respond to land management practices and global change. Although they are widely used, comparisons of SOC stocks at fixed depth (FD) intervals are subject to errors when changes in bulk density or soil organic matter occur. The equivalent soil mass (ESM) method has been recommended in lieu of FD for assessing changes in SOC stocks in mineral soils, but ESM remains underutilized for SOC stocks and has rarely been used for other soil properties. In this paper, we draw attention to the limitations of the FD method and demonstrate the advantages of the ESM approach. We provide illustrations to show that the FD approach is susceptible to errors not only for quantifying SOC stocks but also for soil mass‐based properties such as SOC mass percent, C:N mass ratio, and δ13C. We describe the ESM approach and show how it mitigates the FD method limitations. Using bulk density change simulations applied to an empirical dataset from bioenergy cropping systems, we show that the ESM method provides consistently lower errors than FD when quantifying changes in SOC stocks and other soil properties. To simplify the use of ESM, we detail how the method can be integrated into sampling schemes, and we provide an example R computer script that can perform ESM calculations on large datasets. We encourage future studies, whether temporal or comparative, to utilize sampling methods that are amenable to the ESM approach. Overall, we agree with previous recommendations that ESM should be the standard method for evaluating SOC stock changes in mineral soils, but we further suggest that ESM may also be preferred for comparisons of other soil properties including mass percentages, elemental mass ratios, and stable isotope composition.
Real‐world use of emicizumab in patients with haemophilia A: Bleeding outcomes and surgical procedures
Authors: McCary Isabella , Guelcher Christine , Kuhn Jan , Butler Regina , Massey Gita , Guerrera Michael F. , Ballester Lance , Raffini Leslie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab is a recombinant humanized bispecific antibody that bridges factor IXa and factor X to mimic the cofactor function of factor VIII. It is approved to prevent bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (HA). Outside of clinical trials, there is limited data on outcomes of patients treated with emicizumab, particularly in children without inhibitors.AimTo report our experience treating patients with emicizumab, including (a) bleeding rates pre and postemicizumab, (b) peri‐procedural management and outcomes and (c) serious drug‐related adverse events.MethodsMulticentre observational study in patients with HA who started emicizumab prior to 15 May 2019. Data collection continued until 15 October 2019 and included demographics, disease history, bleeding events, invasive procedures, thrombotic events and death. Annualized bleeding rates (ABR) prior to emicizumab were compared to postemicizumab.ResultsNinety‐three patients (including three females) met inclusion criteria, 19 with an active inhibitor. Median age was 8.6 years; patients <12 years without inhibitors (n = 49) accounted for the majority. ABR dropped from 4.4 (inhibitors) and 1.6 (non‐inhibitors) to 0.4 (both groups) on emicizumab, P = .0012 and .0025, respectively. There were 28 minor (21 port removals) and two major procedures. Three patients received 1‐2 doses of unplanned factor postoperatively to treat minor bleeding events. No patient discontinued therapy, and there were no thrombotic events or deaths.DiscussionOur favourable clinical experience with emicizumab is similar to that reported in the clinical trials. Notably, this is the largest cohort of patients <12 years without inhibitors treated with emicizumab.
Maternal input and infants’ response to infant‐directed speech
Authors: Outters Vivien , Schreiner Melanie S. , Behne Tanya , Mani Nivedita 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCaregivers typically use an exaggerated speech register known as infant‐directed speech (IDS) in communication with infants. Infants prefer IDS over adult‐directed speech (ADS) and IDS is functionally relevant in infant‐directed communication. We examined interactions among maternal IDS quality, infants’ preference for IDS over ADS, and the functional relevance of IDS at 6 and 13 months. While 6‐month‐olds showed a preference for IDS over ADS, 13‐month‐olds did not. Differences in gaze following behavior triggered by speech register (IDS vs. ADS) were found in both age groups. The degree of infants’ preference for IDS (relative to ADS) was linked to the quality of maternal IDS infants were exposed to. No such relationship was found between gaze following behavior and maternal IDS quality and infants’ IDS preference. The results speak to a dynamic interaction between infants’ preference for different kinds of social signals and the social cues available to them.
Structural Injustice and Massively Shared Obligations
Authors: Schwenkenbecher Anne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is often argued that our obligations to address structural injustice are collective in character. But what exactly does it mean for ‘ordinary citizens’ to have collective obligations vis‐à‐vis large‐scale injustice? In this article, I propose to pay closer attention to the different kinds of collective action needed in addressing some of these structural injustices and the extent to which these are available to large, unorganised groups of people. I argue that large, dispersed, and unorganised groups of people are often in a position to perform distributive collective actions. As such, ordinary citizens can have massively shared obligations to address structural injustice through distributive action, but, ultimately, such obligations are ‘collective’ only in a fairly weak sense.
LncRNA HOTTIP facilitates the stemness of breast cancer via regulation of miR‐148a‐3p/WNT1 pathway
Authors: Han Li , Yan Yuanyuan , Zhao Lin , Liu Yinuo , Lv Xuemei , Zhang Liwen , Zhao Yanyun , Zhao Haishan , He Miao , Wei Minjie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a key role in tumorigenesis. The lncRNA, HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP), has been reported to be up‐regulated in multiple cancers, including breast cancer, and is involved in various biological processes, including the maintenance of stemness. However, the biological function and underlying modulatory mechanism of HOTTIP in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remains unknown. In this study, we found that HOTTIP was markedly up‐regulated in BCSCs and had a positive correlation with breast cancer progression. Functional studies revealed that overexpression of HOTTIP markedly promoted cell clonogenicity, increased the expression of the stem cell markers, OCT4 and SOX2, and decreased the expression of the differentiation markers, CK14 and CK18, in breast cancer cells. Knockdown of HOTTIP inhibited the CSC‐like properties of BCSCs. Consistently, depletion of HOTTIP suppressed tumour growth in a humanized model of breast cancer. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that HOTTIP directly binds to miR‐148a‐3p and inhibits the mediation of WNT1, which leads to inactivation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway. Our study is the first to report that HOTTIP regulates the CSC‐like properties of BCSCs by as a molecular sponge for miR‐148a‐3p to increase WNT1 expression, offering a new target for breast cancer therapy.
Inhibition of PIM1 attenuates the stem cell–like traits of breast cancer cells by promoting RUNX3 nuclear retention
Authors: Liu Hui , Chen Cheng , Ma Dongshen , Li Yubing , Yin Qianqian , Li Qing , Xiang Chenxi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFinding out the driver gene critical for the maintenance of breast cancer stem cells (BrCSCs) is important for designing a new strategy to eradicate these cells to improve patient's prognosis. Here, in our study, we revealed that PIM1, an oncogenic serine‐threonine kinase and a well‐proven contributor to the tumorigenesis of breast cancer, was involved in BrCSCs regulation and promised to be a new target for eradicating BrCSCs. In brief, PIM1 could enhance the stem cell–like traits of breast cancer cells by promoting the phosphorylation and cytoplasmic localization of RUNX3. The nuclear dislocation of RUNX3 disabled this tumour suppressor and led to breast cancer cells gaining stem cell–like traits. Inhibition of PIM1 significantly induced the nuclear retention of RUNX3, recovered its transcriptional function and attenuated the stem cell–like properties of breast cancer cells. Those findings deepened our understanding of PIM1's oncogenic effect, underlining the significance of PIM1 in designing a new strategy aimed at BrCSCs.
Comprehensive analysis of circRNA expression profiles and circRNA‐associated competing endogenous RNA networks in the development of mouse thymus
Authors: Li Wenting , Ma Nana , Yuwen Ting , Yu Bo , Zhou Yao , Yao Yufei , Li Qi , Chen Xiaofan , Wan Jun , Zhang Yu , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe thymus plays an irreplaceable role as a primary lymphoid organ. However, the complicate processes of its development and involution are incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence indicates that non‐coding RNAs play key roles in the regulation of biological development. At present, the studies of the circRNA profiles and of circRNA‐associated competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in the thymus are still scarce. Here, deep‐RNA sequencing was used to study the biological mechanisms underlying the development process (from 2‐week‐old to 6‐week‐old) and the recession process (from 6‐week‐old to 3‐month‐old) of the mouse thymus. It was found that 196 circRNAs, 233 miRNAs and 3807 mRNAs were significantly dysregulated. The circRNA‐associated ceRNA networks were constructed in the mouse thymus, which were mainly involved in early embryonic development and the proliferation and division of T cells. Taken together, these results elucidated the regulatory roles of ceRNAs in the development and involution processes of the mouse thymus.
Dihydromyricetin increases endothelial nitric oxide production and inhibits atherosclerosis through microRNA‐21 in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice
Authors: Yang Dafeng , Yang Zhousheng , Chen Lei , Kuang Dabin , Zou Yang , Li Jie , Deng Xu , Luo Songyuan , Luo Jianfang , He Jun , Yan Miao , He Guixia , Deng Yang , Li Rong , Yuan Qiong , Zhou Yangzhao , Jiang Pei , Tan Shenglan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNatural products were extracted from traditional Chinese herbal emerging as potential therapeutic drugs for treating cardiovascular diseases. This study examines the role and underlying mechanism of dihydromyricetin (DMY), a natural compound extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, in atherosclerosis. DMY treatment significantly inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation, proinflammatory gene expression and the influx of lesional macrophages and CD4‐positive T cells in the vessel wall and hepatic inflammation, whereas increases nitric oxide (NO) production and improves lipid metabolism in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (Apoe−/−) mice. Yet, those protective effects are abrogated by using NOS inhibitor L‐NAME in Apoe−/− mice received DMY. Mechanistically, DMY decreases microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) and increases its target gene dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase‐1 (DDAH1) expression, an effect that reduces asymmetric aimethlarginine (ADMA) levels, and increases endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and NO production in cultured HUVECs, vascular endothelium of atherosclerotic lesions and liver. In contrast, systemic delivery of miR‐21 in Apoe−/− mice or miR‐21 overexpression in cultured HUVECs abrogates those DMY‐mediated protective effects. These data demonstrate that endothelial miR‐21‐inhibited DDAH1‐ADMA‐eNOS‐NO pathway promotes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis which can be rescued by DMY. Thus, DMY may represent a potential therapeutic adjuvant in atherosclerosis management.
Working for the future: parentally deprived Nigerian Children have enhanced working memory ability
Authors: Nweze Tochukwu , Nwoke Mary Basil , Nwufo Juliet Ifeoma , Aniekwu Richard Ikechukwu , Lange Florian 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe dominant view based on the deficit model of developmental psychopathology is that early adverse rearing impairs cognition. In contrast, an emerging evolutionary–developmental model argues that individuals exposed to early‐life stress may have improved cognitive abilities that are adapted to harsh environments. We set out to test this hypothesis by examining cognitive functions in parentally deprived children in Nigeria.MethodsCognitive performance was compared between 53 deprived children who currently live in institutional homes and foster families and 51 nondeprived control participants. We used a multifaceted neurocognitive test battery for the assessment of inhibition, set‐shifting and working memory.ResultsResults showed that the deprived and nondeprived group did not significantly differ in their performance on set‐shifting and inhibition tasks. Conversely, the deprived group performed significantly better than the nondeprived group in the working memory task.DiscussionWe interpret the enhanced working memory ability of the deprived group as a correlate of its ecological relevance. In Nigeria, underprivileged children may need to rely to a larger extent on working memory abilities to attain success through academic work. This study provides further evidence that exposure to early adversity does not necessarily impair cognitive functions but can even enhance it under some conditions and in some domains.
Institutional use of National Clinical Audits by healthcare providers
Authors: McVey Lynn , Alvarado Natasha , Keen Justin , Greenhalgh Joanne , Mamas Mamas , Gale Chris , Doherty Patrick , Feltbower Richard , Elshehaly Mai , Dowding Dawn , Randell Rebecca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesHealthcare systems worldwide devote significant resources towards collecting data to support care quality assurance and improvement. In the United Kingdom, National Clinical Audits are intended to contribute to these objectives by providing public reports of data on healthcare treatment and outcomes, but their potential for quality improvement in particular is not realized fully among healthcare providers. Here, we aim to explore this outcome from the perspective of hospital boards and their quality committees: an under‐studied area, given the emphasis in previous research on the audits' use by clinical teams.MethodsWe carried out semi‐structured, qualitative interviews with 54 staff in different clinical and management settings in five English National Health Service hospitals about their use of NCA data, and the circumstances that supported or constrained such use. We used Framework Analysis to identify themes within their responses.ResultsWe found that members and officers of hospitals' governing bodies perceived an imbalance between the benefits to their institutions from National Clinical Audits and the substantial resources consumed by participating in them. This led some to question the audits' legitimacy, which could limit scope for improvements based on audit data, proposed by clinical teams.ConclusionsMeasures to enhance the audits' perceived legitimacy could help address these limitations. These include audit suppliers moving from an emphasis on cumulative, retrospective reports to real‐time reporting, clearly presenting the “headline” outcomes important to institutional bodies and staff. Measures may also include further negotiation between hospitals, suppliers and their commissioners about the nature and volume of data the latter are expected to collect; wider use by hospitals of routine clinical data to populate audit data fields; and further development of interactive digital technologies to help staff explore and report audit data in meaningful ways.
Auricular keloid management in Asian skin: Clinical outcome of intralesional excision and postoperative triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection
Authors: Choi Young‐Jun , Lee Yun Ho , Lee Heun Joo , Lee Ga‐Young , Kim Won‐Serk 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundVarious options such as surgical excision, steroid injection, cryotherapy, pressure dressing, and radiation therapy are available for the treatment of auricular keloids. In particular, auricular keloid therapy using surgical excision is important because recurrence rates are low compared with keloids occurring in other parts of the body.AimsWe aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of intralesional excision followed by postoperative triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection (TA ILI) as auricular keloid treatments.MethodsWe conducted a surgery records and chart review of patients who underwent auricular keloid treatment with intralesional excision and TA ILI. Reduction in height and volume was assessed by two blinded dermatologists. We also analyzed the recurrence rate over a 2‐year period and evaluated patient satisfaction using an 11‐point questionnaire (0‐10).ResultsEighteen Korean patients (2 males and 16 females) with a mean age of 26.5 years and a total of 20 lesions were evaluated. Lesion types by descending frequency were lobular (n = 10, 50%), anterior/posterior button (n = 3, 15%), wrap‐around (n = 3, 15%), dumbbell (n = 2, 10%), and sessile (n = 2, 10%). The total recurrence rate was 5% (1/20) within the 24‐month follow‐up period. Significant reduction (> 50%) in height and volume was achieved in 95% of patients. No serious or persistent adverse events were reported during the follow‐up period.ConclusionWe confirmed that TA ILI after intralesional excision can be effective for auricular keloid management. A low recurrence rate similar to that of postoperative radiation therapy was obtained with an effective surgical procedure and minimal postoperative treatment.
A preliminary observation: Male pattern hair loss among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients in Spain – A potential clue to the role of androgens in COVID‐19 severity
Authors: Goren Andy , Vaño‐Galván Sergio , Wambier Carlos Gustavo , McCoy John , Gomez‐Zubiaur Alba , Moreno‐Arrones Oscar M. , Shapiro Jerry , Sinclair Rodney D. , Gold Michael H. , Kovacevic Maja , Mesinkovska Natasha Atanaskova , Goldust Mohamad , Washenik Ken 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA preliminary observation of high frequency of male pattern hair loss among admitted COVID‐19 patients and suggest that androgen expression might be a clue to COVID‐19 severity.
Adherence to hand hygiene in critical sectors: Can we go on like this?
Authors: Bezerra Thaissa Blanco , Valim Marília Duarte , Bortolini Juliano , Ribeiro Renata Perfeito , Marcon Samira Reschetti , Moura Maria Eliete Batista 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe rates of healthcare‐associated infections are high around the world. Hand hygiene is considered the most effective measure to reduce the transmission of pathogens in the hospital environment. Our objective was to evaluate adherence to hand hygiene in critical units of a tertiary‐level hospital in Central‐West Brazil.DesignObservational study employing cross‐sectional data. Reporting rigour was demonstrated using the STROBE checklist.MethodsObservation of hand hygiene practices of 129 professionals from the health team, including nursing staff, physicians and physical therapists. Data collection was carried out using the World Health Organization form.ResultsA total of 3,025 hand hygiene opportunities were observed, and the overall rate of adherence was only 46.25%. There was a greater frequency of hand hygiene after risk of exposure to bodily fluids and after contact with patients, 60.80% and 53.45%, respectively. Nurses obtained a higher rate of adherence to hand hygiene (59.80%). The neonatal ICU had a higher rate of adherence to hand hygiene when compared to other sectors.ConclusionsThe physical structure for hand hygiene in the institution was poor, and no professionals reached the minimum time required for execution of hand hygiene techniques. There were low rates of adherence to hand hygiene by professionals at all five times and in all categories and sectors observed, which may have been influenced by poor infrastructure present in the institution.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study is of great relevance to patient safety, given the rates of healthcare‐associated infections worldwide, with emphasis on underdeveloped countries. It is hoped that the results of this research can guide organisations to validly and systematically evaluate adherence to hand hygiene and achieve higher rates of adherence to hand hygiene and consequently reduce the number of infections in health environments.