bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Country centrality in the international multiplex network
Authors: Bonaccorsi Giovanni , Riccaboni Massimo , Fagiolo Giorgio , Santoni Gianluca 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work we introduce and analyze a new and comprehensive multilayer dataset covering a wide spectrum of international relationships between coutries. We select two cross sections of the dataset corresponding to years 2003 and 2010 with 19 layers and 112 nodes to study the structure and evolution of the network. Country centrality is measured by the multiplex PageRank (MultiRank) and the multiplex hub and authority scores (MultiHub and MultiAuth). We find that the MultiHub measure has the highest correlation to GDP per capita, with respect to the other multilayer measures and to their single layer analogues. Finally we analyze the differences in the ranking between GDP per capita and the multilayer centrality measures to evaluate them as measures of development.
A Consumer Health App Works Well. . . But, Diffusion Is Not So Easy
Authors: Evans Susan H. , Clarke Peter , Glovinsky Joanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe number of mobile health apps is exploding, though few of these tools have been evaluated for effectiveness. Furthermore, even apps certified for their impact may not diffuse widely. App outreach efforts may lack “human touches,” when encouraging potential users to adopt. We (SHE and PC) built a nutrition app for low-income clients of community food pantries and confirmed its effectiveness in a randomized field trial. We then collaborated with a variety of community organizations in six diffusion efforts, inviting our sites to design interventions that incorporated human touches that they could sustain beyond our collaborations. We independently monitored the experiments’ impact. Collaborators’ diffusion efforts that deployed several human touches were judged more successful than trials that executed few. But, only half of our collaborating organizations embraced the most essential human touches, practices we judged were part of a User-Friendly Approach. A fundamental irony can stymie projects that create information technologies to help empower people, such as eating more healthily. The modern technology’s ultimate success may rest on ancient skills of nurturing users at the moment of downloading. In a high-tech world, it is the human touch that will make the difference between widespread adoption or not.
Primary care perspectives on implementation of clinical trial recruitment
Authors: Taft Teresa , Weir Charlene , Kramer Heidi , Facelli Julio C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Poor clinical trial (CT) recruitment is a significant barrier to translating basic science discoveries into medical practice. Improving support for primary care provider (PCP) referral of patients to CTs may be an important part of the solution. However, implementing CT referral support in primary care is not only technically challenging, but also presents challenges at the person and organization levels.Methods:The objectives of this study were (1) to characterize provider and clinical supervisor attitudes and perceptions regarding CT research, recruitment, and referrals in primary care and (2) to identify perceived workflow strategies and facilitators relevant to designing a technology-supported primary care CT referral program. Focus groups were conducted with PCPs, directors, and supervisors.Results:Analysis indicated widespread support for the intrinsic scientific value of CTs, while at the same time deep concerns regarding protecting patient well-being, perceived loss of control when patients participate in trials, concern about the impact of point-of-care referrals on clinic workflow, the need for standard processes, and the need for CT information that enables referring providers to quickly confirm that the burdens are justified by the benefits at both patient and provider levels. PCP suggestions pertinent to implementing a CT referral decision support system are reported.Conclusion:The results from this work contribute to developing an implementation approach to support increased referral of patients to CTs.
Questions of Silence: On the Emancipatory Limits of Voice and the Coloniality of Silence
Authors: Ferrari Martina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article begins at a (historical) crossroads; it straddles the difficult ground between the recent public outcry against sexual violence (a protest that, as championed by the #MeToo movement, seeks to break the “culture of silence” surrounding sexual violence) and concerns about the coloniality of voice made visible by the recent decolonial turn within feminist theory (Ruiz 2006; Lugones 2007; Lugones 2010; Veronelli 2016). Wary of concepts such as “visibility” or “transparency”—principles that continue to inform the call to “break the silence” by “speaking up” central to Western liberatory movements—in this article, I return to silence, laying the groundwork for the exploration of what a revised concept of silence could mean for the development of practices of cross-cultural communication that do not play into coloniality.
An SIR epidemic on a weighted network
Authors: Spricer Kristoffer , Britton Tom 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe introduce a weighted configuration model graph, whereedge weightscorrespond to the probability of infection in an epidemic on the graph. On these graphs, we study the development of a Susceptible–Infectious–Recovered epidemic using both Reed–Frost and Markovian settings. For the special case of having two different edge types, we determine thebasic reproduction numberR0, theprobability of a major outbreak, and therelative final size of a major outbreak. Results are compared with those for a calibrated unweighted graph. The degree distributions are based on both theoretical constructs and empirical network data. In addition, bivariate standard normal copulas are used to model the dependence between the degrees of the two edge types, allowing for modeling the correlation between edge types over a wide range. Among the results are that the weighted graph produces much richer results than the unweighted graph. Also, whileR0always increases with increasing correlation between the two degrees, this is not necessarily true for the probability of a major outbreak nor for the relative final size of a major outbreak. When using copulas we see that these can produce results that are similar to those of the empirical degree distributions, indicating that in some cases a copula is a viable alternative to using the full empirical data.
Symmetry in cancer networks identified: Proposal for multicancer biomarkers
Authors: Shinde Pramod , Marrec Loïc , Rai Aparna , Yadav Alok , Kumar Rajesh , Ivanchenko Mikhail , Zaikin Alexey , Jalan Sarika 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne of the most challenging problems in biomedicine and genomics is the identification of disease biomarkers. In this study, proteomics data from seven major cancers were used to construct two weighted protein–protein interaction networks, i.e., one for the normal and another for the cancer conditions. We developed rigorous, yet mathematically simple, methodology based on the degeneracy at –1 eigenvalues to identify structural symmetry or motif structures in network. Utilizing eigenvectors corresponding to degenerate eigenvalues in the weighted adjacency matrix, we identified structural symmetry in underlying weighted protein–protein interaction networks constructed using seven cancer data. Functional assessment of proteins forming these structural symmetry exhibited the property of cancer hallmarks. Survival analysis refined further this protein list proposing BMI, MAPK11, DDIT4, CDKN2A, and FYN as putative multicancer biomarkers. The combined framework of networks and spectral graph theory developed here can be applied to identify symmetrical patterns in other disease networks to predict proteins as potential disease biomarkers.
Crustal subsidence inferred from reconstruction of the Pleistocene–Holocene palaeogeography in the northern Lake Inba area, central Japan
Authors: Chiba Takashi , Sugihara Shigeo , Matsushima Yoshiaki , Arai Yusuke , Endo Kunihiko 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTTo help characterise the palaeogeographic and lacustrine environmental changes that resulted from the Holocene transgression and residual subsidence in the eastern Kanto Plain of central Japan, we analysed four drill cores and reviewed other core data from the southern part of the Lake Inba area. Fossil diatom assemblages yielded evidence of centennial-scale palaeogeographic and salinity responses to sea-level changes since the late Pleistocene. We determined that the seawater incursion into the Lake Inba area during the Holocene transgression occurred at approximately 9000 yr. We also recognised a late Holocene regression event corresponding to the Yayoi regression, considered to have occurred from ca. 3000 to ca. 2000 yr, and a subsequent transgression. Our data clarify some of the palaeogeographic changes that occurred in the Lake Inba area and document an overall trend toward lower salinity in the lake during the regression. In particular, the environment in Lake Inba changed from brackish to freshwater no later than 1000 yr. From the detailed palaeogeographic and palaeo-sea-level reconstruction, we recognised that residual subsidence occurred during the Holocene in this area. Thus, comparison of sea-level reconstructions based on modelling and fossil diatom assemblages is effective in interpreting Holocene long-term subsidence.
Use of the terminal complement inhibitor eculizumab in paediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Law Yuk M. , Nandi Deipanjan , Molina Kimberly , Gambetta Katheryn , Daly Kevin P. , Das Bibhuti 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAntibody-mediated rejection is a major clinical challenge that limits graft survival. Various modalities of treatment have been reported in small studies in paediatric heart recipients. A novel approach is to use complement-inhibiting agents, such as eculizumab, which inhibits cleavage of C5 to C5a thereby limiting the formation of membrane attack complex and terminal complement-mediated injury of tissue-bound antibodies. This medical modality of treatment has theoretical advantages but the collective experience in its use in the solid organ transplant community remains small. We add to this experience by combining 14 cases from 6 paediatric heart centres in this descriptive study.
HEURISTICS FOR -CLASS TOWERS OF REAL QUADRATIC FIELDS
Authors: Boston Nigel , Bush Michael R. , Hajir Farshid 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLet $p$ be an odd prime. For a number field $K$, we let $K_{\infty }$ be the maximal unramified pro-$p$ extension of $K$; we call the group $\text{Gal}(K_{\infty }/K)$ the $p$-class tower group of $K$. In a previous work, as a non-abelian generalization of the work of Cohen and Lenstra on ideal class groups, we studied how likely it is that a given finite $p$-group occurs as the $p$-class tower group of an imaginary quadratic field. Here we do the same for an arbitrary real quadratic field $K$ as base. As before, the action of $\text{Gal}(K/\mathbb{Q})$ on the $p$-class tower group of $K$ plays a crucial role; however, the presence of units of infinite order in the ground field significantly complicates the possibilities for the groups that can occur. We also sharpen our results in the imaginary quadratic field case by removing a certain hypothesis, using ideas of Boston and Wood. In the appendix, we show how the probabilities introduced for finite $p$-groups can be extended in a consistent way to the infinite pro-$p$ groups which can arise in both the real and imaginary quadratic settings.
A Life Course Study of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Work Incapacity
Authors: Seglem Karoline B. , Torvik Fartein A. , Røysamb Espen , Gjerde Line C. , Magnus Per , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Svedberg Pia , Ørstavik Ragnhild 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWork incapacity is a major public health challenge and an economic burden to both society and individuals. Understanding the underlying causes is becoming ever more relevant as many countries face an aging workforce. We examined stability and change in genetic and environmental factors influencing work incapacity from age 18 until retirement, and sex differences in these effects. The large population-based sample comprised information from 28,759 twins followed for up to 23 years combined with high-quality national registry data. We measured work incapacity as the total proportion of potential workdays lost due to sickness absence, rehabilitation and disability benefits. Structural equation modeling with twin data indicated moderate genetic influences on work incapacity throughout life in both men and women, with a high degree of genetic stability from young to old adulthood. Environmental influences were mainly age-specific. Our results indicate that largely the same genetic factors influence individual differences in work incapacity throughout young, middle and older adulthood, despite major differences in degree of work incapacity and probable underlying medical causes.
Relationships between soil, forage, and grazing parameter effects on weed incidence in Missouri pastures
Authors: Bunton Gatlin , Trower Zachary , Bradley Kevin W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDuring the 2015, 2016, and 2017 growing seasons, a survey of 63 pastures in Missouri was conducted to determine the effects of selected soil and forage parameters on the density of common annual, biennial, and perennial weed species. Permanent sampling areas were established in each pasture at a frequency of one representative 20-m2 area per 4 ha of pasture, and weed species and density in each area were determined at 14-d intervals for a period from mid-April until late September. The parameters evaluated included soil pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) concentrations, as well as tall fescue density, forage groundcover density, and stocking rate. An increase of 1 unit in soil pH was associated with 146 fewer weeds per hectare, the largest reduction in weed density in response to any soil parameter. Increased soil pH was associated with the greatest reduction in perennial grass weed density, along with an average reduction of 1,410 brush weeds per hectare for each 1-unit increase in soil pH. Common ragweed, a widespread weed of pastures, could be reduced by 3,056 weeds ha−1 when soil pH was 1 unit greater. A 1-ppm increase in soil P was correlated with a decrease of 206 biennial broadleaf weeds per hectare. Perennial broadleaf weed density was reduced in soils with greater concentrations of P, K, and Ca. Additionally, for every 1% increase of tall fescue and forage groundcover, there was a decrease of 18 and 38 perennial broadleaf weeds per hectare. The results from this research indicate that the density of many common weed species can be reduced with higher soil pH and adjustments to soil macro- and micronutrient concentrations, especially P.
Droplet size impact on lactofen and acifluorfen efficacy for Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) control
Authors: Franca Lucas X. , Dodds Darrin M. , Butts Thomas R. , Kruger Greg R. , Reynolds Daniel B. , Mills J. Anthony , Bond Jason A. , Catchot Angus L. , Peterson Daniel G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHerbicide applications performed with pulse width modulation (PWM) sprayers to deliver specific spray droplet sizes could maintain product efficacy, minimize potential off-target movement, and increase flexibility in field operations. Given the continuous expansion of herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth populations across the southern and midwestern United States, efficacious and cost-effective means of application are needed to maximize Palmer amaranth control. Experiments were conducted in two locations in Mississippi (2016, 2017, and 2018) and one location in Nebraska (2016 and 2017) for a total of 7 site-years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a range of spray droplet sizes [150 (Fine) to 900 μm (Ultra Coarse)] on lactofen and acifluorfen efficacy for Palmer amaranth control. The results of this research indicated that spray droplet size did not influence lactofen efficacy on Palmer amaranth. Palmer amaranth control and percent dry-biomass reduction remained consistent with lactofen applied within the aforementioned droplet size range. Therefore, larger spray droplets should be used as part of a drift mitigation approach. In contrast, acifluorfen application with 300-μm (Medium) spray droplets provided the greatest Palmer amaranth control. Although percent biomass reduction was numerically greater with 300-μm (Medium) droplets, results did not differ with respect to spray droplet size, possibly as a result of initial plant injury, causing weight loss, followed by regrowth. Overall, 900-μm (Ultra Coarse) droplets could be used effectively without compromising lactofen efficacy on Palmer amaranth, and 300-μm (Medium) droplets should be used to achieve maximum Palmer amaranth control with acifluorfen.
Quantification of the Arctic Sea Ice‐Driven Atmospheric Circulation Variability in Coordinated Large Ensemble Simulations
Authors: Liang Yu‐Chiao , Kwon Young‐Oh , Frankignoul Claude , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Yeager Stephen , Cherchi Annalisa , Gao Yongqi , Gastineau Guillaume , Ghosh Rohit , Matei Daniela , Mecking Jennifer V. , Peano Daniele , Suo Lingling , Tian Tian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA coordinated set of large ensemble atmosphere‐only simulations is used to investigate the impacts of observed Arctic sea ice‐driven variability (SIDV) on the atmospheric circulation during 1979–2014. The experimental protocol permits separating Arctic SIDV from internal variability and variability driven by other forcings including sea surface temperature and greenhouse gases. The geographic pattern of SIDV is consistent across seven participating models, but its magnitude strongly depends on ensemble size. Based on 130 members, winter SIDV is ~0.18 hPa2 for Arctic‐averaged sea level pressure (~1.5% of the total variance), and ~0.35 K2 for surface air temperature (~21%) at interannual and longer timescales. The results suggest that more than 100 (40) members are needed to separate Arctic SIDV from other components for dynamical (thermodynamical) variables, and insufficient ensemble size always leads to overestimation of SIDV. Nevertheless, SIDV is 0.75–1.5 times as large as the variability driven by other forcings over northern Eurasia and Arctic.
Particle Dynamics in the Earth's Radiation Belts: Review of Current Research and Open Questions
Authors: Ripoll J.‐F. , Claudepierre S. G. , Ukhorskiy A. Y. , Colpitts C. , Li X. , Fennell J. F. , Crabtree C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe past decade transformed our observational understanding of energetic particle processes in near‐Earth space. An unprecedented suite of observational systems was in operation including the Van Allen Probes, Arase, Magnetospheric Multiscale, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, Cluster, GPS, GOES, and Los Alamos National Laboratory‐GEO magnetospheric missions. They were supported by conjugate low‐altitude measurements on spacecraft, balloons, and ground‐based arrays. Together, these significantly improved our ability to determine and quantify the mechanisms that control the buildup and subsequent variability of energetic particle intensities in the inner magnetosphere. The high‐quality data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Van Allen Probes are the most comprehensive in situ measurements ever taken in the near‐Earth space radiation environment. These observations, coupled with recent advances in radiation belt theory and modeling, including dramatic increases in computational power, have ushered in a new era, perhaps a “golden era,” in radiation belt research. We have edited a Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Science Special Collection dedicated to Particle Dynamics in the Earth's Radiation Belts in which we gather the most recent scientific findings and understanding of this important region of geospace. This collection includes the results presented at the American Geophysical Union Chapman International Conference in Cascais, Portugal (March 2018) and many other recent and relevant contributions. The present article introduces and review the context, current research, and main questions that motivate modern radiation belt research divided into the following topics: (1) particle acceleration and transport, (2) particle loss, (3) the role of nonlinear processes, (4) new radiation belt modeling capabilities and the quantification of model uncertainties, and (5) laboratory plasma experiments.
Accounting for Adaptive Water Supply Management When Quantifying Climate and Land Cover Change Vulnerability
Authors: Gorelick D. E. , Lin L. , Zeff H. B. , Kim Y. , Vose J. M. , Coulston J. W. , Wear D. N. , Band L. E. , Reed P. M. , Characklis G. W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClimate and land cover change strongly shape water resources management, but understanding their joint impacts is extremely challenging. Consequently, there is limited research of their integrated effects on water supply systems, and even fewer studies that rigorously account for infrastructure investment and management interventions. We utilize ecohydrologic modeling to generate watershed outflows under scenarios of climate and land cover change, which in turn drive modeled water utility‐level decision making for the Research Triangle region of North Carolina. In the Triangle region, land cover and climate change are both likely to increase water supply availability (reservoir inflows) individually and in tandem. However, improvements from water supply increases are not uniform across management system performance indicators of reliability, conservation implementation frequency (i.e., water use restrictions), and infrastructure investment. Utility decisions influence the impact of hydrologic change through both short‐term (e.g., use restrictions and water transfers) and longer‐term infrastructure investment actions, in some cases offsetting the beneficial effects of additional water supply. Timing and sequencing of infrastructure development are strongly sensitive to climate and land use change as captured by their impacts on utility performance outcomes. This work underscores the need to consider adaptive management system responses and decision‐relevant performance measures when determining the impacts of hydrologic change on water availability.