bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Supratransmission in Quartic Hamiltonian Lattices With Globally Interacting Particles and On-Site Potentials
Authors: Macías-Díaz Jorge E. , Bountis Anastasios 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate a family of one-dimensional (1D) Hamiltonian semi-infinite particle lattices whose interactions involve exclusively terms of fourth order in the potential. Our aim is to examine their distinct role in the dynamics, in the absence of quadratic (harmonic) interactions, which are typically included in most studies, as they are known to play an important role in many physical phenomena. We also include in our potentials on-site terms of the sine-Gordon type, which are also considered in many studies in connection with localization effects. Our 1D lattices are subjected to sinusoidal perturbation on one end and an absorbing boundary on the other. To simulate a semi-infinite chain, we will consider a relatively long chain with string coupling. Using reliable finite difference discretization schemes, we establish the existence of nonlinear supratransmission for both short-range and long-range interactions, and demonstrate that the presence of quadratic interactions is not necessary for a system to show nonlinear supratransmission. Additionally, we provide diagrams depicting novel relations between the critical amplitude at which supratransmission is triggered versus driving frequency and a parameter measuring the length of the interactions. Our investigation also shows that the presence of on-site potentials is also not crucial for the system to present supratransmission.
A Framework for the Exploration of Critical Factors on Promoting Two-Season Cultivation in India
Authors: Guo Lin , Mohebbi Shima , Das Ashok , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To promote a new mode of production and a changed lifestyle in a relatively closed, underdeveloped community, critical interventions should be explored, and, as appropriate, implemented. Different scenarios are identified and explored so that decision support can be provided to social entrepreneurs (SEs). Here, agent-based modeling (ABM) is used to simulate villagers’ acceptance of second-season cultivation, growing two crops a year instead of one. We explore the possibility of second-season cultivation to improve the villagers’ social-economic status in both the short term and the long term. The proposed method of capturing and making use of critical factors in influencing individuals’ behavior in a community can be used in other projects. Our focus in here is on the method, rather than the specific results.
The Improved DLR Wrist: Design and Analysis of 2-Degrees-of-Freedom Rotational Mechanism Using Spatial Antiparallelogram Linkages
Authors: Yoon Dukchan , Kang Long , Manzoor Sajjad , Choi Youngjin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article presents a kinematic analysis and modification of a wrist mechanism of the DLR robot arm, which is based on antiparallelogram linkages. This mechanism is modified to improve the range of motion (ROM), to reduce the parasitic motion, and to approximately perform the decoupled output motion. For these purposes, the elliptical rolling motion of an overconstrained antiparallelogram is first investigated in consideration of its structural modification. Also, a specific joint that has a relatively small movement is developed as a flexible hinge by further minimizing its angular displacement for design simplification. The axode analysis of the instantaneous screw axis for wrist movements is conducted to compare the rotational performance between the original and modified mechanisms. Moreover, their workspace qualities are evaluated through analyses of the workspace and the kinematic isotropy index. Finally, the improved DLR wrist of the final modification is prototyped, and its wide circumduction is demonstrated.
Effect of Cu on the Tribocorrosion Behavior of Antibacterial CoCrMo Alloys in Simulated Biological Environment
Authors: Song Xuefeng , Liu Ying , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Erlin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
CoCrMo alloy containing copper element can significantly improve the antibacterial property of the alloy. However, most metal implants often fail due to the presence of corrosion and wear. In this work, the electrochemical and tribocorrosion properties of CoCrMo, CoCrMo–2Cu, and CoCrMo–4Cu alloys at a potential of −0.45 V and 0 V condition in Hank’s/Saliva/α-minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 10% FBS solutions were studied to reveal the effect of Cu addition on the tribocorrosion properties of Co-based alloys. The results showed that the addition of copper element reduced the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of Co-based alloy. As for solutions, α-MEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum shows lubrication function. Based on the calculated results, it was pointed out that the tribocorrosion behavior of CoCrMo and CoCrMo–Cu alloy was mainly controlled by the mechanical wear.
Effects of a Curriculum-Integrated Dance Program on Children’s Physical Activity
Authors: Sharma Geeta , Stewart Tom , Duncan Scott 
Published: October 2020

Background: Curriculum-integrated dance programs are a promising but relatively under-researched strategy for increasing children’s physical activity (PA). The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a curriculum-integrated dance program on children’s PA. Methods: A total of 134 primary children aged 7–9 years from 4 New Zealand schools were assigned to either a dance group (n = 78) or a control group (n = 56). The dance group participated in a 6-week curriculum-integrated dance program during school time. Although the dance program focused on curricular learning, fitness and coordination were embedded in the dance sessions. Intensity of PA varied according to the focus of each dance session. PA was measured at baseline and postintervention using a waist-mounted ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer for 8 consecutive days. Results: There were no significant intervention effects on PA levels between the dance and control groups postintervention. Conclusion: Dance-embedded learning did not increase overall levels of PA in this study. Future studies may consider assessing longer term effects of a dance-based intervention, or programs that place more focus on PA promotion.
Association between FDA and EMA expedited approval programs and therapeutic value of new medicines: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hwang Thomas J , Ross Joseph S , Vokinger Kerstin N , Kesselheim Aaron S 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the therapeutic value of new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the association between these ratings and regulatory approval through expedited programs.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNew drugs approved by the FDA and EMA between 2007 and 2017, with follow-up through 1 April 2020.Data sourcesTherapeutic value was measured using ratings of new drugs by five independent organizations (Prescrire and health authorities of Canada, France, Germany, and Italy).Main outcome measuresProportion of new drugs rated as having high therapeutic value; association between high therapeutic value rating and expedited status.ResultsFrom 2007 through 2017, the FDA and EMA approved 320 and 268 new drugs, respectively, of which 181 (57%) and 39 (15%) qualified for least one expedited program. Among 267 new drugs with a therapeutic value rating, 84 (31%) were rated as having high therapeutic value by at least one organization. Compared with non-expedited drugs, a greater proportion of expedited drugs were rated as having high therapeutic value among both FDA approvals (45% (69/153) v 13% (15/114); P<0.001) and EMA approvals (67% (18/27) v 27% (65/240); P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of expedited program for a drug being independently rated as having high therapeutic value were 82% (95% confidence interval 72% to 90%) and 54% (47% to 62%), respectively, for the FDA, compared with 25.3% (16.4% to 36.0%) and 90.2% (85.0% to 94.1%) for the EMA.ConclusionsLess than a third of new drugs approved by the FDA and EMA over the past decade were rated as having high therapeutic value by at least one of five independent organizations. Although expedited drugs were more likely than non-expedited drugs to be highly rated, most expedited drugs approved by the FDA but not the EMA were rated as having low therapeutic value.
Relative validity and reliability of a diet risk score (DRS) for clinical practice
Authors: Johnston Emily A , Petersen Kristina S , Beasley Jeannette M , Krussig Tobias , Mitchell Diane C , Van Horn Linda V , Weiss Rick , Kris-Etherton Penny M 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionAdherence to cardioprotective dietary patterns can reduce risk for developing cardiometabolic disease. Rates of diet assessment and counselling by physicians are low. Use of a diet screener that rapidly identifies individuals at higher risk due to suboptimal dietary choices could increase diet assessment and brief counselling in clinical care.MethodsWe evaluated the relative validity and reliability of a 9-item diet risk score (DRS) based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, a comprehensive measure of diet quality calculated from a 160-item, validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We hypothesised that DRS (0 (low risk) to 27 (high risk)) would inversely correlate with HEI-2015 score. Adults aged 35 to 75 years were recruited from a national research volunteer registry (ResearchMatch.org) and completed the DRS and FFQ in random order on one occasion. To measure reliability, participants repeated the DRS within 3 months.ResultsIn total, 126 adults (87% female) completed the study. Mean HEI-2015 score was 63.3 (95% CI: 61.1 to 65.4); mean DRS was 11.8 (95% CI: 10.8 to 12.8). DRS and HEI-2015 scores were inversely correlated (r=−0.6, p<0.001; R2=0.36). The DRS ranked 37% (n=47) of subjects in the same quintile, 41% (n=52) within ±1 quintile of the HEI-2015 (weighted κ: 0.28). The DRS had high reliability (n=102, ICC: 0.83). DRS mean completion time was 2 min.ConclusionsThe DRS is a brief diet assessment tool, validated against a FFQ, that can reliably identify patients with reported suboptimal intake. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of DRS-guided diet assessment in clinical care.Trial registration detailsClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03805373).
Tumor-draining lymph node is important for a robust abscopal effect stimulated by radiotherapy
Authors: Buchwald Zachary S , Nasti Tahseen H , Lee Judong , Eberhardt Christiane S , Wieland Andreas , Im Se Jin , Lawson David , Curran Walter , Ahmed Rafi , Khan Mohammad K 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundRadiotherapy (RT) has been shown to stimulate an antitumor immune response in irradiated tumors as well as unirradiated distant sites (abscopal effect). Previous studies have demonstrated a role for the tumor-draining lymph node (LN) in mediating an anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) stimulated antitumor immune response. Here, we investigated whether the LN is also important in mediating a RT alone stimulated abscopal response.MethodsWe used a subcutaneous modified B16F10 flank tumor model injected bilaterally. Our B16F10 cell line has an inserted viral glycoprotein which facilitated identification of tumor-specific T-cells. RT was directed at one flank tumor alone or one flank tumor and the tumor-draining LN. We evaluated response by tumor growth measurements and flow cytometry of both tumor-infiltrating and LN T-cells.ResultsWe show that local tumor irradiation improves distant tumor control (abscopal effect). Depletion of CD8+T-cells significantly reduced this abscopal response. We have previously shown, in a chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, that the T-cell proliferative burst following blockade of PD-1/L1 is provided by a ‘stem-like’ CD8+T-cell subset which then differentiate into terminally differentiated effectors. These terminally differentiated effectors have the potential to kill virally infected or tumor cells following PD-1/L1 blockade. In the chronic LCMV infection, stem-like CD8+T-cells were found exclusively in secondary lymphoid organs. Similarly, here we found these cells at high frequencies in the tumor-draining LN, but at low frequencies within the tumor. The effect of RT on this T-cell subset in unknown. Interestingly, tumor irradiation stimulated total CD8+and stem-like CD8+T-cell proliferation in the LN. When the LN and the tumor were then targeted with RT, the abscopal effect was reduced, and we found a concomitant reduction in the number of total tumor-specific CD8+T-cells and stem-like CD8+T-cells in both the irradiated and unirradiated tumor.ConclusionsThese correlative results suggest the tumor-draining LN may be an important mediator of the abscopal effect by serving as a stem-like CD8+T-cell reservoir, a site for stem-like T-cell expansion, and a site from which they can populate the tumor.
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in obsessive–compulsives disorders: long-term follow-up of an open, prospective, observational cohort
Authors: Chabardes Stephan , Krack Paul , Piallat Brigitte , Bougerol Thierry , Seigneuret Eric , Yelnik Jerome , Fernandez Vidal Sara , David Olivier , Mallet Luc , Benabid Alim-Louis , Polosan Mircea 
Published: October 2020

Background
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a major cause of disability in western country and responsible for severe impairment of quality of life. About 10% of patients present with severe OCD symptoms and require innovative treatment such as deep brain stimulation (DBS). Among possible targets, the non-motor subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a key node of the basal ganglia circuitry, strongly connected to limbic cortical areas known to be involved in OCD.

Method
We analysed, in a prospective, observational, monocentric, open label cohort, the effect of chronic non-motor STN-DBS in 19 patients with treatment-resistant OCD consecutively operated in a single centre. Severity of OCD was evaluated using the Yale and Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). YBOCS scores at 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively were compared with baseline. Responders were defined by >35% improvement of YBOCS scores. Global Assessment Functioning (GAF) scale was used to evaluate the impact of improvement.

Results
At a 24-month follow-up, the mean YBOCS score improved by 53.4% from 33.3±3.5 to 15.8±9.1 (95% CI 11.2–20.4; p<0.0001). Fourteen out of 19 patients were considered as responders, 5 out of 19 being improved over 75% and 10 out of 19 over 50%. GAF scale improved by 92% from 34.1±3.9 to 66.4±18.8 (95% CI 56.7–76.1; p=0.0003). The most frequent adverse events consisted of transient DBS-induced hypomania and anxiety.

Conclusion
Chronic DBS of the non-motor STN is an effective and relatively safe procedure to treat severe OCD resistant to conventional management.
Endophytic fungus diversity in soybean plants submitted to conditions of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature
Authors: Gonçalves Huberman Valadares , Oki Yumi , Bordignon Leandra , Ferreira Mariana Costa , dos Santos José Eustáquio , Tameirão Lucas Barbosa Souza , Santos Fabrício Rodrigues , Kalapothakis Evanguedes , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson 
Published: October 2020

Global climatic changes can have drastic impacts on plant species, including severe consequences for the agricultural species productivity. Many of these species present important mutualisms with endophytic fungi that positively influence their performance. The present study evaluated whether the increases in CO2 and temperature predicted for the year 2100 may cause changes in foliar carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations in soybean (Glycine max) and, consequently, the interactions with its endophytic fungi. The effects of elevated CO2 and temperature were evaluated in four treatments in open-top chambers: (i) control, (ii) increased temperature, (iii) increased CO2, and (iv) increased CO2 and temperature. Increased atmospheric CO2 resulted in decreased foliar N concentration, while increased temperature increased it. A total of 16 taxa of endophytic fungi were identified based on sequencing internal transcribed spacer regions of rRNA subunits. Increased atmospheric CO2 and temperature were observed to potentially modify the endophytic mycobiota of soybean plants. The results suggest that the fungi species substitution is a consequence of changes in foliar N concentration and C/N ratio. Predicted climatic changes shall affect the relationships between plant and endophytes, which in turn, will affect the performance and resistance of soybean, one of the most important crops in the world.
Dynamics of quintessence in generalized uncertainty principle
Authors: Giacomini Alex , Leon Genly , Paliathanasis Andronikos , Pan Supriya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigate the quintessence scalar field model modified by the generalized uncertainty principle in the background of a spatially flat homogeneous and isotropic universe. By performing a dynamical system analysis we examine the nature of the critical points and their stability for two potentials, one is the exponential potential and the other is a general potential. In the case of an exponential potential, we find some new critical points for this modified quintessence scenario that describe the de Sitter universes, and these critical points do not appear in the standard quintessence model with an exponential potential. This is one of the main results of this work. Now for the general potential our analysis shows that the physical properties of the critical points remain exactly the same as for the exponential potential which means that within this modified quintessence scenario all kind of potentials have same behaviour. This kind of result is completely new in cosmology because with the change of the potential, differences are usually expected in all respect.
Vehicle-2-Vehicle Communication Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Sinthuja S. , V. Saravanan S. 
Published: October 2020

Truck Platooning is a car innovation that permits gathering various trucks into a single element where one truck intently takes after the other that outcomes in an expanded street limit. This kind of detachment allows to a significant degree tight separations and synchronous driving between the vehicles. Our point is to plan and exhibit a self-ruling truck platooning framework given vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) correspondence innovation. The structure utilises IEEE 802.15.4 remote convention joined with separation going sensors to enable vehicles inside the company to safely trade data progressively and naturally break and quicken in light of the lead truck. The rapid of remote correspondence permits to a significant degree tight separations and synchronous driving between the platooning vehicles.
Coronary Vascular Function and Cardiomyocyte Injury
Authors: AlBadri Ahmed , Wei Janet , Quesada Odayme , Mehta Puja K. , Xiao Yi , Ko Yi-An , Anderson R. David , Petersen John , Azarbal Babak , Samuels Bruce , Henry Timothy D. , Cook-Wiens Galen , Handberg Eileen M. , Van Eyk Jennifer , Pepine Carl J. , Bairey Merz C. Noel 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Women with symptoms or signs of myocardial ischemia but no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) often have coronary vascular dysfunction and elevated risk for adverse cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that u-hscTnI (ultra-high–sensitivity cardiac troponin I), a sensitive indicator of ischemic cardiomyocyte injury, is associated with coronary vascular dysfunction in women with INOCA.

Approach and Results:

Women (N=263) with INOCA enrolled in the WISE-CVD study (Women’s Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation–Coronary Vascular Dysfunction) underwent invasive coronary vascular function testing and u-hscTnI measurements (Simoa HD-1 Analyzer; Quanterix Corporation, Lexington, MA). Logistic regression models, adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors were used to evaluate associations between u-hscTnI and coronary vascular function. Women with coronary vascular dysfunction (microvascular constriction and limited coronary epicardial dilation) had higher plasma u-hscTnI levels (both
P
=0.001). u-hscTnI levels were associated with microvascular constriction (odds ratio, 1.38 per doubling of u-hscTnI [95% CI, 1.03–1.84];
P
=0.033) and limited coronary epicardial dilation (odds ratio, 1.37 per doubling of u-hscTnI [95% CI, 1.04–1.81];
P
=0.026). u-hscTnI levels were not associated with microvascular dilation or coronary epicardial constriction.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that higher u-hscTnI is associated with coronary vascular dysfunction in women with INOCA. This suggests that ischemic cardiomyocyte injury in the setting of coronary vascular dysfunction has the potential to contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes observed in these women. Additional studies are needed to confirm and investigate mechanisms underlying these findings in INOCA.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00832702.
Desert Hedgehog-Driven Endothelium Integrity Is Enhanced by Gas1 (Growth Arrest-Specific 1) but Negatively Regulated by Cdon (Cell Adhesion Molecule-Related/Downregulated by Oncogenes)
Authors: Chapouly Candice , Hollier Pierre-Louis , Guimbal Sarah , Cornuault Lauriane , Gadeau Alain-Pierre , Renault Marie-Ange 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Evidences accumulated within the past decades identified hedgehog signaling as a new regulator of endothelium integrity. More specifically, we recently identified Dhh (desert hedgehog) as a downstream effector of Klf2 (Kruppel-like factor 2) in endothelial cells (ECs). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hedgehog coreceptors Gas1 (growth arrest-specific 1) and Cdon (cell adhesion molecule-related/downregulated by oncogenes) may be used as therapeutic targets to modulate Dhh signaling in ECs.

Approach and Results:
We demonstrated that both Gas1 and Cdon are expressed in adult ECs and relied on either siRNAs- or EC-specific conditional knockout mice to investigate their role. We found that Gas1 deficiency mainly phenocopies Dhh deficiency especially by inducing VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) overexpression while Cdon deficiency has opposite effects by promoting endothelial junction integrity. At a molecular level, Cdon prevents Dhh binding to Ptch1 (patched-1) and thus acts as a decoy receptor for Dhh, while Gas1 promotes Dhh binding to Smo (smoothened) and as a result potentiates Dhh effects. Since Cdon is upregulated in ECs treated by inflammatory cytokines, including TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α and Il (interleukin)-1β, we then tested whether Cdon inhibition would promote endothelium integrity in acute inflammatory conditions and found that both fibrinogen and IgG extravasation were decreased in association with an increased Cdh5 (cadherin-5) expression in the brain cortex of EC-specific Cdon knockout mice administered locally with Il-1β.

Conclusions:
Altogether, these results demonstrate that Gas1 is a positive regulator of Dhh in ECs while Cdon is a negative regulator. Interestingly, Cdon blocking molecules may then be used to promote endothelium integrity, at least in inflammatory conditions.