bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piercing the corporate veil for environmental torts in Mauritius: a comparative study
Authors: Beebeejaun Ambareen 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The corporate veil or veil of incorporation is a legal concept that separates the legal and juristic personality of a company from its members, directors and other stakeholders. Indeed, common law has provided for numerous circumstances in which the corporate veil of a company may be lifted, and courts rely on these case law precedents to determine the grounds for lifting the corporate veil. However, there is limited case law regarding environmental torts as a ground for lifting the veil of incorporation and there is no legal provision in Mauritius which recognises environmental crimes as an exception to corporate veil. Consequently, this paper aims to discuss the liability of decision-makers of a company in the case of corporate environmental wrongdoings and thereafter, to present a case for amending Mauritius laws to give recognition to environmental torts as a ground of lifting the corporate veil.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper has adopted the black-letter approach and the comparative research methodology. The laws of Mauritius on corporate veil will be compared to the related laws of the USA and Canada with the view of seeking recommendations for Mauritius, as these countries are known to have an extensive legal framework on environmental crimes as a ground to lift the corporate veil.

Findings
It is concluded that it is high time for Mauritius to adopt a separate manslaughter law that would incorporate crimes committed to the environment by corporate bodies as a ground for lifting the corporate veil and thereby attacking individual stakeholders concerned.

Originality/value
This study is among the first researches conducted in the field of environmental torts as a ground for lifting the corporate veil in Mauritius.
Highlights of the new PRC securities law
Authors: Yang TieCheng , Chen Yang , Zhang Scarlett , Qiao Virginia , Wang Zhenyu , Zheng Shuozhu 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
To introduce the Securities Law of the People's Republic of China (the “Securities Law 2019”) revised on 28 December 2019, and provide a detailed analysis on its key implications to the securities regulatory regime and market activities, especially securities issuance and trading activities in China.

Design/methodology/approach
This article starts from a historical overview of the Securities Law and its several revisions and amendments, highlights the notable core revisions in the Securities Law 2019, analyzes the key legal and regulatory impacts to the securities-related activities and market players, and finally, provides an outlook to the future developments of securities regulatory regime in conformity with the Securities Law 2019.

Findings
This article concludes that the revisions made to the Securities Law 2019 cover a broad range of issues including the issuance and trading of securities, acquisition of a listed company, information disclosure, securities registration and settlement, etc. Such revisions to the Securities Law will lead to far-reaching and profound implications on the securities regulatory system and industry practice in China.

Practical implications
The Securities Law 2019 attracts broad attention from securities market players as well as relevant professionals of the industry, including securities lawyers. As this is a novel and hot topic within the industry, it is important for securities lawyers to keep on track.

Originality/value
High-level guidance from experienced lawyers in the Capital Markets and Financial Regulation practices.
E-destination: the future of e-mobility in the Lake Constance region, Germany
Authors: Thimm Tatjana 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the development of a vision for the Lake Constance region, Germany, as an e-destination, i.e. a destination where tourism mobility would be predominantly electric in the future.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses a scenario analysis based on factor analysis in addition to empirical data collected in 2016 and 2017 based on surveys and interviews with tourists and stakeholders.

Findings
The scenarios contain the optimistic, pessimistic and realistic models, including one scenario called e-destination, i.e. a projection of the future where tourism mobility consists predominantly of electro-mobility (e-mobility). This specific scenario is supported by the results of the empirical data.

Research limitations/implications
As the study focusses on e-mobility only, it leaves out other forms of mobility e.g. pedestrian or cycling mobility that also contribute to CO2 reduction. The sampling methods are not strictly randomised, but the tendencies they show are clear and supporting each other.

Practical implications
According to the tourists and stakeholders interviewed, it is quite likely that the region will become an e-destination in the future, but only with government support.

Social implications
The attitude-behaviour-gap was discussed as a possible explanation of tourists’ behaviour in the study.

Originality/value
Studies on e-mobility in tourism are rare. (As far as the author knows) this paper presents the first analysis of the future of e-mobility in tourism using a German lake as a destination. Thus, it adds to the existing body of knowledge different possible projections of the future regarding e-mobility in a tourism destination.
Scalability of generative knowledge management systems: designing for individuals’ and institutions’ mutual benefit
Authors: Schmitt Ulrich 
Published: December 2020

PurposeIn further conceptualizing a novel generative knowledge management system (KM/KMS), this paper aims to focus on identifying and mitigating the risks related to its envisaged scaling from a prototype to an application with a rapidly growing user base.Design/methodology/approachIt follows up on prior publications using design science research (DSR) methodologies in compliance with theory effectiveness, a principle expecting system designs to be purposeful in terms of utility and communication. The KMS perspective taken prioritizes a decentralizing agenda benefiting knowledge workers while also aiming to foster a fruitful co-evolution with conventional organizational KM approaches.FindingsThe utilization and further extension of the CKDT and a “scalable innovation” heuristic are assisting the detecting of potential scaling risks related to the logics and logistics, generative interoperability, technological capacitating, knowledge dynamics and value chain which further validates the viability of the proposed KM concept and system.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the prototype development is still in progress, the paper conforms to the DSR practice to report on early visions of technology impact on users, organizations and society but also reflects on expectations of viability, desirability and commitment, as well as the system’s prospect as a general-purpose-technology or disruptive innovation.Originality/valueIn addition to the novel KM-related perspectives, the paper’s practical emphasis on the scaling of more complex systems is rarely dealt with in the literature due to the respective projects’ often large-scale collaborative nature, broad methodological scope and diverse stakeholders’ interests. In this case, the task is eased as prior DSR outputs can be referred to.
Stochastic optimization for transportation planning in disaster relief under disruption and uncertainty
Authors: Sabouhi Fatemeh , Bozorgi-Amiri Ali , Vaez Parinaz 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This study aims to minimize the expected arrival time of relief vehicles to the affected areas, considering the destruction of potential routes and disruptions due to disasters. In relief operations, required relief items in each affected area and disrupted routes are considered as uncertain parameters. Additionally, for a more realistic consideration of the situations, it is assumed that the demand of each affected area could be met by multiple vehicles and distribution centers (DCs) and vehicles have limited capacity.

Design/methodology/approach
The current study developed a two-stage stochastic programming model for the distribution of relief items from DCs to the affected areas. Locating the DCs was the first-stage decisions in the introduced model. The second-stage decisions consisted of routing and scheduling of the vehicles to reach the affected areas.

Findings
In this paper, 7th district of Tehran was selected as a case study to assess the applicability of the model, and related results and different sensitivity analyses were presented as well. By carrying out a simultaneous sensitivity analysis on the capacity of vehicles and the maximum number of DCs that can be opened, optimal values for these parameters were determined, that would help making optimal decisions upon the occurrence of a disaster to decrease total relief time and to maximize the exploitation of available facilities.

Originality/value
The contributions of this paper are as below: presenting an integrated model for the distribution of relief items among affected areas in the response phase of a disaster, using a two-stage stochastic programming approach to cope with route disruptions and uncertain demands for relief items, determining location of the DCs and routing and scheduling of vehicles to relief operations and considering a heterogeneous fleet of capacitated relief vehicles and DCs with limited capacity and fulfilling the demand of each affected area by more than one vehicle to represent more realistic situations.
Defensive structures influence fighting outcomes
Authors: Emberts Zachary , Wiens John J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

In many animal species, individuals engage in fights with conspecifics over access to limited resources (e.g. mates, food, or shelter). Most theory about these intraspecific fights assumes that damage has an important role in determining the contest winner. Thus, defensive structures that reduce the amount of damage an individual accrues during intraspecific competition should provide a fighting advantage.

Examples of such damage‐reducing structures include the dermal shields of goats, the dorsal osteoderms of crocodiles, and the armoured telsons of mantis shrimps. Although numerous studies have identified these defensive structures, no study has investigated whether they influence the outcomes of intraspecific fights.

Here we investigated whether inhibiting damage by enhancing an individual's armour influenced fighting behaviour and success in the giant mesquite bug, Thasus neocalifornicus (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coreidae).

We found that experimentally manipulated individuals (i.e. those provided with additional armour) were 1.6 times more likely to win a fight when compared to the control. These results demonstrate that damage, and damage‐reducing structures, can influence fighting success.

The implications of these results are twofold. First, our results experimentally support a fundamental assumption of most theoretical fighting models: that damage is a fighting cost that can influence contest outcomes. Second, these results highlight the importance of an individual's defensive capacity, and why defence should not be ignored.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Care integration within and outside health system boundaries
Authors: Singer Sara J. , Sinaiko Anna D. , Tietschert Maike V. , Kerrissey Michaela , Phillips Russell S. , Martin Veronique , Joseph Grace , Bahadurzada Hassina , Agniel Denis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveExamine care integration—efforts to unify disparate parts of health care organizations to generate synergy across activities occurring within and between them—to understand whether and at which organizational level health systems impact care quality and staff experience.Data SourcesSurveys administered to one practice manager (56/59) and up to 26 staff (828/1360) in 59 practice sites within 24 physician organizations within 17 health systems in four states (2017‐2019).Study DesignWe developed manager and staff surveys to collect data on organizational, social, and clinical process integration, at four organizational levels: practice site, physician organization, health system, and outside health systems. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and regression.Principal FindingsManagers and staff perceived opportunity for improvement across most types of care integration and organizational levels. Managers/staff perceived little variation in care integration across health systems. They perceived better care integration within practice sites than within physician organizations, health systems, and outside health systems—up to 38 percentage points (pp) lower (P < .001) outside health systems compared to within practice sites. Of nine clinical process integration measures, one standard deviation (SD) (7.2‐pp) increase in use of evidence‐based care related to 6.4‐pp and 8.9‐pp increases in perceived quality of care by practice sites and health systems, respectively, and a 4.5‐pp increase in staff job satisfaction; one SD (9.7‐pp) increase in integration of social services and community resources related to a 7.0‐pp increase in perceived quality of care by health systems; one SD (6.9‐pp) increase in patient engagement related to a 6.4‐pp increase in job satisfaction and a 4.6‐pp decrease in burnout; and one SD (10.6‐pp) increase in integration of diabetic eye examinations related to a 5.5‐pp increase in job satisfaction (all P < .05).ConclusionsMeasures of clinical process integration related to higher staff ratings of quality and experience. Action is needed to improve care integration within and outside health systems.
Engaged food science: Connecting K‐8 learners to food science while engaging graduate students in science communication
Authors: Macbeth Alexandra J. , Zurier Hannah S. , Atkins Erin , Nugen Sam R. , Goddard Julie M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConnecting the public to concepts in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is an essential for technological advancement and inspiring future scientists, impacting both the communicator and the audience's understanding of scientific topics. Without proper communication of scientific knowledge, acceptance and implementation of new technologies can be hindered. Additionally, increasing public awareness about current scientific issues through STEM engagement permits more informed policy and consumer choices, especially in the field of food science where many new food technologies are met with initial resistance by the consuming public. Here, we describe an event that introduced topics in food science to the nonexpert public, including K‐8th grade participants and their adult caregivers in an informal learning environment. This program consists of six activities that collectively introduce three areas in food science: food chemistry, food microbiology, and process engineering. Protocols are provided for each activity including a materials list (with the option to scale up or down according to event duration, event space allowances, and number of participants), learning objectives and discussion points that are adaptable to different age groups, event spaces, or budgets. Each activity has a participatory component to ensure both audience member and instructor engagement. A program designed for food science communication empowers young scientific minds to better understand complex scientific topics and could inspire them to envision a possible career in STEM fields, with the additional benefit of providing graduate students an exciting medium through which they may practice their science communication skills, potentially benefiting not only their personal academic and professional skills but also broader societal needs.
The Core Nursing Interventions in Adult Psychiatric Outpatient Care Identified by Nurses, a Delphi Study
Authors: Ameel Maria , Achterberg Theo van , Kinnunen Ulla‐Mari , Kontio Raija , Junttila Kristiina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo define the core nursing interventions identified by nurses in the adult psychiatric outpatient care setting.MethodsA two‐round Delphi study. The panel consisted of nurses and nurse managers.FindingsNurses identified 53 core interventions, 50 of which are described in the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). Altogether, two thirds of these interventions were in the NIC domain ‘Behavioral’ and the emphasis was on NIC classes ‘Coping Assistance’ and ‘Behavior Therapy,’ suggesting that nurses define providing psychosocial support as the core in their work.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the main role of nurses in the psychiatric outpatient care is to deliver psychosocial care for their patients. The lack of family interventions among the core interventions and the need to add the missing three interventions into the classification need more research in the future.Implications for nursing practiceThis study helps to define nurses’ role in the psychiatric outpatient care. The findings can be used in developing nursing education programs.
Prevalent intron retention fine‐tunes gene expression and contributes to cellular senescence
Authors: Yao Jun , Ding Dong , Li Xueping , Shen Ting , Fu Haihui , Zhong Hua , Wei Gang , Ni Ting 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntron retention (IR) is the least well‐understood alternative splicing type in animals, and its prevalence and function in physiological and pathological processes have long been underestimated. Cellular senescence contributes to individual aging and age‐related diseases and can also serve as an important cancer prevention mechanism. Dynamic IR events have been observed in senescence models and aged tissues; however, whether and how IR impacts senescence remain unclear. Through analyzing polyA+ RNA‐seq data from human replicative senescence models, we found IR was prevalent and dynamically regulated during senescence and IR changes negatively correlated with expression alteration of corresponding genes. We discovered that knocking down (KD) splicing factor U2AF1, which showed higher binding density to retained introns and decreased expression during senescence, led to senescence‐associated phenotypes and global IR changes. Intriguingly, U2AF1‐KD‐induced IR changes also negatively correlated with gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that U2AF1‐mediated IR of specific gene (CPNE1 as an example) contributed to cellular senescence. Decreased expression of U2AF1, higher IR of CPNE1, and reduced expression of CPNE1 were also discovered in dermal fibroblasts with age. We discovered prevalent IR could fine‐tune gene expression and contribute to senescence‐associated phenotypes, largely extending the biological significance of IR.
Association Between the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase‐2 rs671 G>A Polymorphism and Head and Neck Cancer Susceptibility: A Meta‐Analysis in East Asians
Authors: Du Xin‐Ya , Wen Li , Hu Yuan‐Yuan , Deng Sheng‐Qiong , Xie Long‐Chuan , Jiang Guang‐Bin , Yang Gong‐Li , Niu Yu‐Ming 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) plays an important role in the alcohol detoxification and acetaldehyde metabolism. Published studies have demonstrated some inconsistent associations between ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism and head and neck cancer (HNC) risk.MethodsA meta‐analysis was performed to provide pooled data on the association between the ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism and HNC risk. Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to examine the pooled effect size of each genetic model. In addition, heterogeneity test, accumulative analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were conducted to test the statistical power.ResultsThirteen publications (14 independent case–control studies) involving 10,939 subjects were selected. The stratified analysis indicated that both light/moderated drinking (e.g., GA vs. GG: OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.86, p < 0.01, I2 = 81.1%) and heavy drinking would increase HNC risk with rs671 G>A mutation (e.g., GA vs. GG: OR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.11 to 4.77, p = 0.03, I2 = 81.9%).ConclusionsIn summary, this meta‐analysis suggested that the ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism may play an important synergistic effect in the pathogenesis of HNC development in East Asians.
Daily and intermittent smoking are associated with low prefrontal volume and low concentrations of prefrontal glutamate, creatine, myo‐inositol, and N‐acetylaspartate
Authors: Faulkner Paul , Lucini Paioni Susanna , Kozhuharova Petya , Orlov Natasza , Lythgoe David J. , Daniju Yusuf , Morgenroth Elenor , Barker Holly , Allen Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCigarette smoking is still the largest contributor to disease and death worldwide. Successful cessation is hindered by decreases in prefrontal glutamate concentrations and gray matter volume due to daily smoking. Because nondaily, intermittent smoking also contributes greatly to disease and death, understanding whether infrequent tobacco use is associated with reductions in prefrontal glutamate concentrations and gray matter volume may aid public health. Eighty‐five young participants (41 nonsmokers, 24 intermittent smokers, 20 daily smokers, mean age ~23 years old), underwent 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the medial prefrontal cortex, as well as structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine whole‐brain gray matter volume. Compared with nonsmokers, both daily and intermittent smokers exhibited lower concentrations of glutamate, creatine, N‐acetylaspartate, and myo‐inositol in the medial prefrontal cortex, and lower gray matter volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus; these measures of prefrontal metabolites and structure did not differ between daily and intermittent smokers. Finally, medial prefrontal metabolite concentrations and right inferior frontal gray matter volume were positively correlated, but these relationships were not influenced by smoking status. This study provides the first evidence that both daily and intermittent smoking are associated with low concentrations of glutamate, creatine, N‐acetylaspartate, and myo‐inositol and low gray matter volume in the prefrontal cortex. Future tobacco cessation efforts should not ignore potential deleterious effects of intermittent smoking by considering only daily smokers. Finally, because low glutamate concentrations hinder cessation, treatments that can normalize tonic levels of prefrontal glutamate, such as N‐acetylcysteine, may help intermittent and daily smokers to quit.