bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthogonal Fault Rupture and Rapid Postseismic Deformation Following 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence Revealed From Geodetic Observations
Authors: Feng Wanpeng , Samsonov Sergey , Qiu Qiang , Wang Yuqing , Zhang Peizhen , Li Tao , Zheng Wenjun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe studied the 2019 Mw6.4 and Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence, using Sentinel‐1 and ALOS‐2 coseismic interferograms and subpixel offsets to retrieve the three‐dimensional (3‐D) surface displacements. By inverting the 3‐D displacements, optimal dip angles of the earthquake faults and the slip model were obtained. The interferometric synthetic aperture radar‐based slip model supplemented with the analysis of GPS data shows that the Mw6.4 event ruptured two orthogonal faults and its major geodetic moment was released by sinistral motion on a NE‐SW trending fault that dips 78° NW. Right‐lateral slip on NW‐SE trending subvertical faults was responsible for the Mw7.1 earthquake. Postseismic analysis with U.S. Geological Survey earthquake catalog and GPS time series at site P595 shows that the postseismic surface deformation following the Mw7.1 event has similar temporal patterns with the postseismic moment release, but requires more energy. This implies that the early aftershocks were likely controlled by rapid afterslip following the mainshock.
Comments on “Analysis of Flow Resistance Equations in Gravel‐Bed Rivers With Intermittent Regimes: Calabrian Fiumare Data Set” by G. Mendicino and F. Colosimo
Authors: Qin Jie , Wu Teng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMendicino and Colosimo (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR024819) addressed the evaluation of flow resistance in natural gravel‐bed rivers and proposed several new equations to estimate resistance coefficients by adding the Froude number and the Shields sediment mobility parameter to conventional equations. The new equations were found to better reproduce flow velocity in comparison to conventional resistance equations. However, the apparent improved performance of these new equations is due to spurious correlation. Mendicino and Colosimo (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR024819) incorrectly calculated the resistance coefficient by substituting the measured Froude number into the new equations, which should be solved iteratively. If the new equations were calculated correctly, they are no better than the original equations.
Space‐Based Analysis of the Cloud Thermodynamic Phase Transition for Varying Microphysical and Meteorological Regimes
Authors: Coopman Q. , Riedi J. , Zeng S. , Garrett T. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhase transitions leading to cloud glaciation occur at temperatures that vary between
38°C and 0°C depending on aerosol types and concentrations, the meteorology, and cloud microphysical and macrophysical parameters, although the relationships remain poorly understood. Here, we statistically retrieve a cloud glaciation temperature from two passive space‐based instruments that are part of the NASA/CNES A‐Train, the POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances (POLDER) and the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We compare the glaciation temperature for varying bins of cloud droplet effective radius, latitude, and large‐scale vertical pressure velocity and specific humidity at 700 hPa. Cloud droplet size has the strongest influence on glaciation temperature: For cloud droplets larger than 21
m, the glaciation temperature is 6°C higher than for cloud droplets smaller than 9
m. Stronger updrafts are also associated with lower glaciation temperatures.
Investigating the Nutrient Landscape in a Coastal Upwelling Region and Its Relationship to the Biological Carbon Pump
Authors: Stukel M.R. , Barbeau K.A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigated nutrient patterns and their relationship to vertical carbon export using results from 38 Lagrangian experiments in the California Current Ecosystem. The dominant mode of variability reflected onshore‐offshore nutrient gradients. A secondary mode of variability was correlated with silica excess and dissolved iron and likely reflects regional patterns of iron limitation. The biological carbon pump was enhanced in high‐nutrient and Fe‐stressed regions. Patterns in the nutrient landscape proved to be better predictors of the vertical flux of sinking particles than contemporaneous measurements of net primary production. Our results suggest an important role for Fe‐stressed diatoms in vertical carbon flux. They also suggest that either preferential recycling of N or non‐Redfieldian nutrient uptake by diatoms may lead to high PO43−:NO3− and Si(OH)4:NO3− ratios, following export of P‐ and Si‐enriched organic matter. Increased export following Fe stress may partially explain inverse relationships between net primary productivity and export efficiency.
Evolution and roles of cytokinin genes in angiosperms 1: Do ancient IPTs play housekeeping while non-ancient IPTs play regulatory roles?
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Lin Shanshan , Liu Decai , Gan Lijun , McAvoy Richard , Ding Jing , Li Yi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIsopentenyltransferase (IPT) genes, including those encoding ATP/ADP-IPTs and tRNA-IPTs, control the rate-limiting steps of the biosynthesis of N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine (iP)-type and trans-zeatin (tZ)-type cytokinins and cis-zeatin (cZ)-type cytokinins, respectively. However, the evolution and roles of these IPTs in angiosperms are not well understood. Here, we report comprehensive analyses of the origins, evolution, expression patterns, and possible roles of ATP/ADP-IPTs and tRNA-IPTs in angiosperms. We found that Class I and II tRNA-IPTs likely coexisted in the last common ancestor of eukaryotes, while ATP/ADP-IPTs likely originated from a Class II tRNA-IPT before the divergence of angiosperms. tRNA-IPTs are conservatively retained as 2–3 copies, but ATP/ADP-IPTs exhibit considerable expansion and diversification. Additionally, tRNA-IPTs are constitutively expressed throughout the plant, whereas the expression of ATP/ADP-IPTs is tissue-specific and rapidly downregulated by abiotic stresses. Furthermore, previous studies and our present study indicate that ATP/ADP-IPTs and their products, iPs/tZs, may regulate responses to environmental stresses and organ development in angiosperms. We therefore hypothesize that tRNA-IPTs and the associated cZs play a housekeeping role, whereas ATP/ADP-IPTs and the associated iP/tZ-type cytokinins play regulatory roles in organ development and stress responses in angiosperms, which echoes the conclusions and hypothesis presented in the accompanying study by Wang, X. et al Evolution and roles of cytokinin genes in angiosperms 2: Do ancient CKXs play housekeeping roles while non-ancient CKXs play regulatory roles? Hortic Res10.1038/s41438-020-0246-z.
Photooxidative stress activates a complex multigenic response integrating the phenylpropanoid pathway and ethylene, leading to lignin accumulation in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit
Authors: Torres Carolina A. , Azocar Constanza , Ramos Patricio , Pérez-Díaz Ricardo , Sepulveda Gloria , Moya-León María A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhotooxidative stress, when combined with elevated temperatures, triggers various defense mechanisms leading to physiological, biochemical, and morphological changes in fruit tissue. Furthermore, during sun damage, apple fruit undergo textural changes characterized by high flesh firmness compared to unexposed fruit. Fuji and Royal Gala apples were suddenly exposed to sunlight on the tree and then sampled for up to 29 days. Cell wall components and lignin biosynthetic pathway analyses were carried out on the fruit tissue. At harvest, Fuji apples with different sun exposure levels, such as exposed to direct sunlight (Exp), shaded (Non-Exp), and with severe sun damage (Sev), were also characterized. In fruit suddenly exposed to sunlight, the expression levels of phenylpropanoid-related genes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (MdPAL), chalcone synthase (MdCHS), and flavanone-3-hydroxylase (MdF3H), were upregulated in the skin and flesh of Exp and Sev. Exposure had little effect on the lignin-related genes caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (MdCOMT1) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (MdCAD) in the skin; however, the expression of these genes was highly induced in the flesh of Exp and Sev in both cultivars. Lignin deposition increased significantly in skin with sun injury (Sev); in flesh, this increase occurred late during the stress treatment. Additionally, the ethylene biosynthesis genes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (MdACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (MdACO) were highly expressed in the skin and flesh tissues but were more upregulated in Sev than in Exp during the time-course experiment, which paralleled the induction of the phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin accumulation. At harvest, flesh from Sev fruit exhibited higher firmness than that from Non-Exp and Exp fruit, although no differences were observed in the alcohol-insoluble residues (AIR) among groups. The fractionation of cell wall polymers revealed an increase in the uronic acid contents of the water-soluble pectin fraction (WSF) in Exp and Sev tissues compared to Non-Exp tissues, while the other pectin-rich fractions, that is, CDTA-soluble (CSF) and Na2CO3-soluble (NSF), were increased only in Sev. The amount of hemicellulose and cellulose did not differ among fruit conditions. These findings suggest that increases in the flesh firmness of apples can be promoted by photooxidative stress, which is associated with the induction of lignin accumulation in the skin and flesh of stressed fruit, with the involvement of stress phytohormones such as ethylene.
Enhanced electroluminescence in fully printable powder electroluminescent device with flexible invisible silver‐grid transparent electrode
Authors: Takeda N. , Tsuneyasu S. , Yanagawa K. , Hashimoto N. , Ohsawa M. , Satoh T. 
Published: February 2020

Powder electroluminescent devices (PELDs) have a high potential for commercial application because of flat light emission devices and simple printing process fabrication with low‐cost production, without semiconductor processes using vacuum and plasma. In conventional PELDs, indium tin oxide (ITO) has been used as a transparent electrode. However, ITO is unfavourable in flexible electronic devices due to its intrinsic brittleness. The authors evaluated the current and luminance characteristics of PELDs prepared on gravure offset‐printed invisible silver‐grid (Ag‐grid) electrodes that were laminated with and without poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) transparent electrodes. The PELD on the Ag‐grid laminated with PEDOT:PSS electrode shows the maximum luminance of ∼250 cd/m2 at 200 μm spacing, which is five‐fold greater than the luminance of PELD without PEDOT:PSS electrode lamination.
Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Agents Causing Meningitis in
Children Older than 1 Month
Authors: Mohsenipour Reihaneh , Gharib Behdad , Eshaghi Hamid , Rahmani Parisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe frequency and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial meningitis in
children older than one month at Children's Medical Center during
2012–2017 were evaluated in this study. The CSF samples were
cultured, and antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed. The samples were
cultured on chocolate agar, blood agar (for gram positive) and Mkanky (for
gram negative). The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was
determined using the disc diffusion method. In total, 72 samples were
positive for bacterial infection where Staphylococcus epidermidis
(20.8%) was seen most and Enterobacter (1.4%) and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.4%) was seen least. Most of these patients
were under 1 year of the age and overall frequency of positive cultures of
CSF in men (58.3%) was greater than women (41.7%). Bacterial
meningitis has relatively diverse etiological factors that include; time of
infection, geographical location and age. Most commonly seen bacteria were
Staphylococcus aureus with S.epidermidis whereas, Escherichia coli and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was seen least. This result can be substantial in
hospitalized patients, because these bacteria are also the result of
nosocomial infections.
Effect of an Al/Mg Hydroxide Antacid and Food on the
Pharmacokinetics of Dexibuprofen
Authors: Shaker M. Ahsan , Akhtar Naveed , Minhas Muhammad Usman , Khan Kifayat Ullah , Zangi Muhammad Imad-ud-Din , Munir Abubakar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives In this communication we report an important findings, the
effect of Al/Mg hydroxide antacid and food on the pharmacokinetics
of dexibuprofen when administered concomitantly.
Methods Subjects were divided into four groups, each containing 6
subjects, to evaluate the effect of antacid and food on pharmacokinetic of
dexibuprofen. A new HPLC method was developed and validated for plasma
sample analysis. Mobile phase was comprised of Acetonitrile: Methanol: 0.05M
Phosphate buffer (40:10:50), pH was adjusted to 6.85±0.01 with NaOH.
Mobile phase was eluted through C18-ODS column and drug was detected at
223 nm. Plasma was obtained and stored at
− 70°C until analysis. Drug was extracted from each
plasma sample of volunteer and quantified by using HPLC technique.
Results A decrease in dexibuprofen absorption was observed in Test
Group-1 when administered with Antacid as compared to Controlled Group-1.
Mean Cmax values showed a significant (p value 0.035) decrease
from 44.14±2.3 to 33.1±0.8 μg/mL.
Tmax, Area under curve, t1/2, Cl,
Vd and Ke were not affected significantly. AUC
increased from 195.7±8.9 μg.hr/mL to
222.8±14.7 μg.hr/mL. In contrast, test
Group-2 showed an increase in dexibuprofen absorption.
t1/2 increased significantly from 4.505±0.19
hrs to 6.216±0.36 hrs whereas Ke reduced from
0.159±0.00 to 0.116±0.006 hrs-1. Cmax
increased from 44.877±2.263 to
51.721±0.096 μg/mL.
Conclusion It is concluded that concomitant intake of Al/Mg
hydroxide antacid or food with dexibuprofen has an impact to significantly
alter its pharmacokinetic parameters.
Association of Apolipoprotein C3 Levels and Hepatic Steatosis: A
Follow-Up Study
Authors: Heinz Patrick , Boehm Bernhard Otto , Schmidberger Julian , Kratzer Wolfgang ,   for the EMIL-Study Group
Published: February 2020

AbstractApolipoprotein C3 is a lipid-binding protein with a pivotal role in
triglyceride metabolism and inflammation. This 11-year follow-up study aimed
to evaluate apolipoprotein C3 levels and other parameters as markers of
hepatic steatosis, in a random, population-based cohort in southern Germany.
In 2013, we selected and re-examined 406 study participants (193 women, 213
men; average age 58.1±11.3 years) from the original
“Echinococcus multilocularis and other internal diseases in
Leutkirch I“ (EMIL I) cohort studied in 2002. All participants
received upper abdominal sonography to grade potential hepatic steatosis,
and blood tests to determine apolipoprotein C3 levels and other laboratory
parameters. Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and anthropometric measures
were documented. The follow-up study conducted in 2013 included a partial
correlation analysis. We found an association between hepatic steatosis and
elevated apolipoprotein C3 levels (p<0.0001). Study participants
with a novel diagnosis of hepatic steatosis had the highest apolipoprotein
C3 serum levels (p=0.0002). Hepatic steatosis was associated with
low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.0374), high
levels of total cholesterol (p=0.0117), increased homeostasis model
assessment of insulin resistance (p=0.0002), elevated alanine
transaminase (p<0.0001), elevated aspartate transaminase
(p=0.0003), and elevated C-reactive protein (p=0.0446).
Apolipoprotein C3 serum levels were associated with the presence, disease
grade, and new development of hepatic steatosis likewise to biomarkers of
the metabolic syndrome.
TAVI in Patients with Mitral Annular Calcification and/or Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Schaefer Andreas , Sarwari Harun , Schofer Niklas , Schneeberger Yvonne , Westermann Dirk , Schoen Gerhard , Blankenberg Stefan , Reichenspurner Hermann , Schäfer Ulrich , Conradi Lenard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background We herein aimed for analysis of influence of mitral annular calcification (MAC) and mitral stenosis (MS) on outcomes in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).
Methods Between 11/2009 and 06/2017, 1,058 patients underwent TAVI in the presence of concomitant MAC or MS at our center. Subgroups were built and multivariate logistic regression, COX regression, Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, and receiver operating characteristics method were performed.
Results Thirty-day mortality was 7.5% (79/1,058) with highest mortality in patients severe MS (MAC: 3.4% vs. mild MS: 5.9% vs. moderate MS: 15.0% vs. severe MS: 72.7%; p < 0.001). Moderate-to-severe MS (odds ratio [OR]: 7.75, confidence interval [CI]: 3.94–16.26, p < 0.001), impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 1.38, CI: 1.10–1.72, p < 0.01), and coronary artery disease (OR: 1.36, CI: 1.11–1.67, p < 0.01) were predictive of 30-day survival. Left ventricular systolic/end-diastolic pressure drop of <59.5 mm Hg / <19.5 mm Hg was associated with increased mortality.
Conclusions TAVI in the presence of MAC and mild MS is associated with acceptable acute outcomes but should be considered high-risk procedures in patients with moderate and especially those with severe MS. Our results suggest adverse hemodynamics after TAVI with concomitant MS, which may be caused by underfilling of the left ventricle leading to low-cardiac output.
Management of Nonmalignant Tracheo- and Bronchoesophageal Fistula after Esophagectomy
Authors: Palmes Daniel , Kebschull Linus , Bahde Ralf , Senninger Norbert , Pascher Andreas , Laukötter Mike G. , Eichelmann Ann-Kathrin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Tracheo- or bronchoesophageal fistula (TBF) occurring after esophagectomy represent a rare but devastating complication. Management remains challenging and controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of different treatment approaches and to propose recommendations for the management of TBF.
Methods From 2008 to 2018, 15 patients were treated because of TBF and were analyzed with respect to fistula appearance, treatment strategy (stenting, endoscopic vacuum therapy and/or surgical reintervention) and outcome.
Results In each case, the fistula was small, located close to the tracheal bifurcation and associated simultaneously (n = 6, 40%) or metachronously (n = 9, 60%) with an anastomotic leakage. Latter was covered by esophageal stents in six patients which in turn resulted in occurrence of TBF at a later time in five patients. Management of TBF included conservative therapy (n = 3), stenting (n = 6), or suturing (n = 6). Ten patients underwent rethoracotomy. Treatment failure was observed in eight patients (53%). In all patients, treatment was accompanied by progressive sepsis. On the contrary, all seven patients with successful defect closure remained in good general condition.
Conclusion Fistula appearance was similar in all patients. Implementation of esophageal stents cannot be recommended because of possibility of TBF at a later time point. Surgery is usually required and should preferably be performed when the patient's condition has been optimized at a single-stage repair. Esophageal diversion can only be recommended in patients with persisting mediastinitis. The key element for successful treatment of TBF, however, is control over sepsis; otherwise, outcome of TBF is devastating.
Preoperative Computed Tomography-Guided Localization for Pulmonary Nodules with Glue and Dye
Authors: Jiang Tian , Lin Miao , Zhao Mengnan , Zhan Cheng , Li Ming , Feng Mingxiang , Wang Qun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background This study was aimed to describe a new localization technique developed using medical glue and methylene blue dye, and characterized the localization results and postoperative outcome to evaluate its safety and usefulness.
Methods This retrospective study was conducted at our center from January 2016 to April 2018. Totally 346 consecutive patients with 383 nodules who underwent preoperative computed tomography (CT)-guided medical glue and methylene blue dye localization, followed by lung resection, were enrolled in this study.
Results Mean nodule size was 7.7 ± 3.7 mm (range: 2–30 mm), with a mean depth from pleura or fissure of 9.4 ± 9.3 mm (range: 0–60 mm). The success rate of CT-guided localization for pulmonary nodules was 99.5% (381/383) of the nodules. Localization-related complications included mild pneumothorax in 16 (4.6%) patients, mild hemothorax in 7 (2.0%) patients, and hemoptysis in 1 (0.3%) patient. Pleural reaction occurred in 7 (2.0%) and pain in 25 (7.2%) patients. All 383 nodules were resected successfully, with conversion to thoracotomy only required in two patients for adhesion and calcification of lymph nodes. All patients recovered well postoperatively, with a short postoperative hospital stay (3.7 ± 2.0 days) and a low complication rate (2.6%, 9/346).
Conclusion CT-guided medical glue and methylene blue dye localization prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lung resection was a novel, safe, and technically feasible method, with a high-technical success rate and a low-complication rate. It allowed surgeons to easily locate and detect the nodules and estimate the surgical margin.
Is Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy Safe for Use in Two-stage Revision of Periprosthetic Hip Infection? A Systematic Review
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , De Filippis Roberto , Kostretzis Lazaros , Gu Alex , De Martino Ivan , Sculco Peter K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeveral clinical trials have retrospectively evaluated the role of extended trochanteric osteotomy in two-stage total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision for the management of periprosthetic joint infection of the hip. However, no systematic review of the literature has been published to date to evaluate the clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes of extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETOs) performed as part of implant removal during a two-stage revision for the management of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The US National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried for publications from January 1980 to April 2019 using the following keywords: “extended” AND “trochanteric” AND “osteotomy.” Six studies included in this systematic review assessed 305 cases (281 patients) of PJI treated surgically with two-stage revision combined with ETO at the first stage. The mean overall union rate of the ETO was 97%, while the overall rate of radiographic femoral stem subsidence >5 mm was 5%. In addition, the overall mean infection-free rate of two-stage revision combined with ETO was 94% (288 out of 305 operated hips), while the overall complication rate requiring reoperation was 8% (26 out of 305 operated hips). Finally, there was some evidence to show that two-stage revision with ETO was associated with improved infection-free rates compared with two-stage revision without ETO. ETO seems safe and effective in patients with well-fixed femoral stems who require two-stage THA revision for the management of chronic PJI. Two-stage revision with ETO might result in improved infection-free rates compared with two-stage revision without ETO.