bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Contrast Polymorphic Luminogen Formed through Effect of Tiny Differences in Intermolecular Interactions on the Intramolecular Charge Transfer Process
Authors: Wang Kang , Xie Yujun , Liu Ming , Tao Wei , Zhang Hao , Huang Meidong , You Jinmao , Liu Ying , Li Yunliang , Li Zhen , Dong Yong Qiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolymorphic luminogens provide the opportunity to disclose relation between the packing patterns and performance of luminogen and facilitate design of high performance luminogens. However, the effect of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) is seldom used to construct luminogens with polymorphs, though the ICT process is very sensitive to microenvironment. In this work, 2‐(3‐(diphenylamino)‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐ylidene)‐malononitrile (DPAXM, 1) with donor–acceptor structure exhibits high contrast polymorphism dependent emission due to the effect of tiny differences of intermolecular interactions on ICT process. Three crystals of 1 with nearly identical structures emit yellow, orange, and red light with sequentially decreased efficiency which is attributed to ICT process modulated by the tiny differences in intermolecular interactions. In addition to ground state study, excited state of the polymorphs is investigated by time‐resolved ultrafast transient mid‐IR spectroscopy and theoretical calculation. Nonemissive crystals of 1 can also be obtained. The modulation of ICT effect by intermolecular interactions may provide a reference for the molecular design of high‐performance luminogens.
Orthogonally Polarized Luminescence of Single Bismuth Phosphate Microcrystal Doped with Europium
Authors: Li Peng , Li Feng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Yiming , Luo Xiaoxuan , Wang Ruimin , Cai Yin , Zhang Yanpeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRare‐earth‐doped micro/nanocrystals are significant candidates for nanophotonic and quantum information elements. Nevertheless, the polarization of light emission, which serves as one of the most widely adopted optical information carriers, has been rarely studied in such micro/nanocrystals due to the random crystalline orientation of the ensemble cluster as grown. Herein the polarization‐resolved spectroscopy on a single europium‐doped bismuth phosphate (BiPO4:Eu) microcrystal is performed, and a series of partially linearly polarized emission in the visible spectrum is observed, which can be grouped into orthogonal pairs. Such emission features are well explained by a phenomenological model of group theory that gives rise to the existence of optical C2 axes induced by local symmetry breaking. Such a polarization detection provides a neat optical method to distinguish single micro/nanocrystals from clusters, and confirms the tunable polarization features by selecting the suitable single microcrystal and engineering its orientation of crystalline axis. The rare‐earth‐doped single micro/nanocrystals, with precise positioning technique realized, can promisingly serve as controllable polarization devices on integrated photonic circuits.
Lateral Electric‐Field‐Controlled Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and Current‐Induced Magnetization Switching in Multiferroic Heterostructures
Authors: Wang Mengxi , Guo Qi , Xu Xiaoguang , Zhang Zeyu , Ren Zengyao , Zhu Libai , Meng Kangkang , Chen Jikun , Wu Yong , Miao Jun , Jiang Yong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA strain‐mediated perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and current‐induced magnetization switching via spin–orbit torque (SOT) in PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3‐PbTiO3 (PMN‐PT)/Ta/Pt/Co/Pt ferromagnetic heterostructures are reported. It is found that the PMA changes regularly with the preloaded lateral electric field. The SOT‐based current‐induced magnetization switching also shows a reversible trend via applying a lateral electric field. Domain wall propagation driven by electric field is observed directly under a fixed perpendicular magnetic field by magnetic optical Kerr (MOKE) microscope. These behaviors can be attributed to the strain from the PMN‐PT substrates induced by the piezoelectric effect under electric field. Basing on the domain wall motion mechanism, repeatable resistance states of the Hall bar can be controlled by external electric field under a small auxiliary magnetic field, which enables the information recorded in the device can be programmed by voltage. This study provides a potential method to design the electric field controlled spintronic devices.
Boosting Polysulfide Redox Kinetics by Graphene‐Supported Ni Nanoparticles with Carbon Coating
Authors: Yu Zhuo , Wang Bingliang , Liao Xiaobin , Zhao Kangning , Yang Zhifang , Xia Fanjie , Sun Congli , Wang Zhuo , Fan Chaoying , Zhang Jingping , Wang Yonggang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries have attracted extensive attention because of their high energy density. However, their application is still impeded by the inherent sluggish kinetics and solubility of intermediate products (i.e., polysulfides) of the sulfur cathode. Herein, graphene‐supported Ni nanoparticles with a carbon coating are fabricated by directly carbonizing a metal–organic framework/graphene oxide composite, which is then dispersed on a commercial glass fiber membrane to form a separator with electrocatalytic activity. In situ analysis and electrochemical investigation demonstrate that this modified separator can effectively suppress the shuttle effect and regulate the catalytic conversion of intercepted polysulfides, which is also confirmed by density functional theory calculations. It is found that Ni–C sites can chemically interact with polysulfides and stabilize the radical S3•− through NiS bonds to enable fast dynamic equilibrium with S62−, while Ni nanoparticles reduce the oxidation barrier of Li2S and accelerate ion/electron transport. As a result, the corresponding lithium–sulfur battery shows a high cycle stability (88% capacity retention over 100 cycles) even with a high sulfur mass loading of 8 mg cm−2 and lean electrolyte (6.25 µL mg−1). Surprisingly, benefitting from the improved kinetics, the battery can work well at −50 °C, which is rarely achieved by conventional Li–S batteries.
Both hepatitis A and hepatitis D infections may be associated with more advanced liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Wu Jer‐Wei , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Liu Chun‐Jen , Su Tung‐Hung , Liu Chen‐Hua , Chen Pei‐Jer , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Kao Jia‐Horng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcute infection of hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes transient but varying degrees of liver damage. In contrast, hepatitis D virus (HDV) only infects patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which may cause chronic and persistent liver damage. We aimed to explore whether infection of both hepatotropic viruses was associated with worse outcomes in patients with chronic HBV infection in a case‐control study. We collected serum and clinical data from 456 patients with chronic HBV infection, including 160, 150, and 146 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cirrhosis and inactive carrier status, respectively. Serum HAV‐IgG and anti‐HDV were determined retrospectively and seroprevalence rates of both markers were compared among the groups with different clinical stages. In the inactive carrier group, 101 (69.18%) and 3 (2.05%) patients had exposure to HAV and HDV infection, respectively. We found higher seropositive rates of HAV‐IgG in cirrhosis (82.67%) and HCC (99.38%) groups, but not seropositive rates of anti‐HDV (4.67% and 3.75% for cirrhosis and HCC respectively). When combining cirrhosis and HCC groups as patients with advanced liver disease, both seropositive HAV‐IgG and anti‐HDV were associated with increased risks of advanced liver disease with odds ratio of 10.65 (95% CI [confidence interval]: 2.74‐41.41, P < .001) and 12.64 (95% CI: 2.14‐74.78, P = .005), respectively. In the case‐control study of patients with chronic HBV infection, both exposure to HAV or HDV infection might be associated with increased risks of cirrhosis and HCC development.
Behavior of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide/polyethyleneimine reinforced with coal fly ash for preformed particle hydrogels
Authors: Pereira Kaio A. B. , Pereira Kaique A. B. , Oliveira Priscila F. , Mansur Claudia R. E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh water production and low oil recovery are attributable to reservoir heterogeneity, making extraction economically inefficient. To improve oil production, it is important to solve permeability issues, to allow a more uniform and efficient sweep. In recent years, several studies of preformed particle gel (PPG) have been performed reduce reservoir heterogeneity and enhance oil recovery. In this work, the effect of coal fly ash (CFA) on hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA) crosslinked with polyethyleneimine PPG were evaluated regarding thermal, rheological, and structural properties. The rheological results showed an increase in elastic behavior with the presence of CFA. Thermal analysis revealed degradation resistance of 271% with only 1.0% CFA. The swelling test proved that the presence of CFA supports the absorption of a brine solution. The results suggest a significant increase in properties assessed with small CFA contents due to a strong interaction between CFA and three‐dimensional polymer networks.
Aromatase inhibitors: Role in postmenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Kharb Rajeev , Haider Kashif , Neha Kumari , Yar Mohammad S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPostmenopausal women are at high risk of developing breast cancer due to estrogen production in peripheral tissues of the body other than ovaries. Aromatase is present in breast tissue, leading to local estrogen production which can be inhibited by a variety of steroidal and nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitors. There are many aromatase inhibitors available in clinical practice like exemestane, formestane, anastrozole, letrozole, fadrozole, vorozole, and so forth, but the major challenge in anti‐breast cancer therapy is the toxicity associated with aromatase inhibitors, especially the steroidal class of drugs. It is, therefore, urgently required to develop novel anticancer drugs having better safety and efficacy for the treatment of breast cancer. This study highlights the aromatase inhibitors reported in the current literature as well as the recent advances in the management of breast cancer.
Acyclic, Linear Oligo‐meta‐phenylenes as Multipotent Base Materials for Highly Efficient Single‐layer Organic Light‐emitting Devices
Authors: Yoshii Asami , Onaka Yuzuka , Ikemoto Koki , Izumi Tomoo , Sato Sota , Kita Hiroshi , Taka Hideo , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOligo‐meta‐phenylenes have been designed and synthesized as multipotent base materials of single‐layer organic light‐emitting devices. Simple molecular structures of oligo‐meta‐phenylenes composed of linear phenylene arrays benefited from the wealth of modern reactions available for biaryl couplings and were concisely synthesized in a series. Structure‐performance relationship studies with the first seven congeners revealed key features important for the multipotent materials in single‐layer devices. As a result, highly efficient phosphorescent electroluminescence was made possible in a highly simplified device architecture comprising one‐region, single‐layer configurations. Detailed investigations with hole‐only devices disclosed that the hole mobility was effectively retarded by potent materials, which should facilitate hole/electron recombination for electroluminescence.
Minimal-access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy for infected necrotizing pancreatitis: a multicentre study of a step-up approach
Authors: Liu Z-W , Yang S-Z , Wang P-F , Feng J , He L , Du J-D , Xiao Y-Y , Jiao H-B , Zhou F-H , Song Q , Zhou M-T , Xin X-L , Chen J-Y , Ren W-Z , Lu S-C , Cai S-W , Dong J-H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Various minimally invasive approaches have been described for infected necrotizing pancreatitis. This article describes a modified minimal-access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy (MARPN) procedure assisted by gas insufflation.

Methods
This retrospective, observational study documented patients who had undergone a step-up MARPN between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016. A minimum follow-up of 1 year was required for inclusion. The step-up approach involved percutaneous catheter drainage followed by the modified MARPN and necrosectomy. If more than one access site was needed it was categorized as complex MARPN.

Results
Of 212 patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis, 164 (77·4 per cent) underwent a step-up approach. The median number of percutaneous catheter drains and MARPN procedures was 3 (range 1–7) and 1 (1–6) respectively. Ninety patients (54·9 per cent) underwent complex MARPN. For residual necrosis after MARPN, three patients (1·8 per cent) underwent sinus tract gastroscopy, and 11 (6·7 per cent) had sinography combined with a tube change. However, operations in 13 patients (7·9 per cent) required conversion to open surgery. Postoperative complications developed in 103 patients (62·8 per cent). The mortality rate was 6·1 per cent (10 deaths).

Conclusion
A step-up approach using a modified MARPN for infected necrotizing pancreatitis is a reasonable option.
The process of curricular integration and its effects on anatomical knowledge retention
Authors: Zhao Xian , Goldman Ellen , Banani Tara , Kline Kathleen , Brown Kirsten , Lee Juliet , Jurjus Rosalyn A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionIntegration has been recognized as an important aspect of medical education. After transitioning from a discipline‐specific to a systems‐based preclinical curriculum, we examined faculty perceptions of the integrated approach and also whether it would lead to better anatomy knowledge retention.MethodsTo understand faculty perspectives, we reviewed curricular materials, interviewed block directors, and observed educational sessions. We analyzed knowledge retention through a 27‐question anatomy test, comparing scores from the last class of the discipline‐based curriculum and the first two classes of the integrated curriculum.ResultsPlanning integrated content involves purposeful ordering, is challenging for faculty, and requires additional resources. Evaluation of the integrated approach for anatomy content demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge retention (p = .012; 56.28% vs. 63.98% for old vs. new curriculum).ConclusionsThis study helps the understanding of what is required for curricular integration. Our anatomy evaluation results corroborated the view that contextually embedded information is easier to learn and retain.
MsrA Efflux Pump Inhibitory Activity of Piper cubeba L.f. and its Phytoconstituents against Staphylococcus aureus RN4220
Authors: Ahirrao Pallavi , Tambat Rushikesh , Chandal Nishtha , Mahey Nisha , Kamboj Anjoo , Jain Upendra K. , Singh Inder Pal , Jachak Sanjay M. , Nandanwar Hemraj S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMsrA, an efflux pump belonging to ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter family that conferred resistance to macrolides, was detected in Staphylococcus aureus strains. Herein, we report the isolation of phytoconstituents from Piper cubeba fruit methanol extract and investigated their efflux pump inhibitory potential against S. aureus MsrA pump. Four isolated compounds, viz. pellitorine, sesamin, piperic acid and tetrahydropiperine studied in combination with erythromycin in S. aureus RN4220, exhibited 2–8‐fold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of erythromycin. Pellitorine and sesamin decreased MIC of erythromycin by 8‐fold. The real‐time fluorometry‐based efflux and accumulation studies of ethidium bromide (EtBr) on S. aureus RN4220 in the presence of these compounds showed reduced efflux and enhanced uptake, thus indicating inhibition of the efflux pump. Pellitorine showed significant post‐antibiotic effect of erythromycin. The results revealed that the primary mechanism of action of these compounds involves steady ATP production impairment.
A review of the chemopreventative and chemotherapeutic properties of the phytochemicals berberine, resveratrol and curcumin, and their influence on cell death via the pathways of apoptosis and autophagy
Authors: D'Arcy Mark Sean 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhytochemicals are a diverse group of compounds found in a variety of fruits, vegetables and herbs, and have been reported to possess a number of health benefits. Marketed as supplements by health food retailers, this group of naturally occurring compounds have been investigated for a number of years to determine if they possess any chemopreventative and/or chemotherapeutic benefits. In this comprehensive review, the phytochemicals resveratrol, berberine and curcumin will be discussed, with particular focus being given to their proposed anticancer applications. The purpose of this review is to help clarify whether there is any truth in the claims that are regularly made regarding the efficacy of these compounds. To this end, a number of significant studies that involved the use of these phytochemicals will be identified, discussed and evaluated, to determine if they show promise in the ongoing fight to reduce the incidence rates and severity of various cancers. Specifically, it is the aim of this review to present and discuss key studies performed over the last two decades using these compounds and to evaluate, compare and contrast their effectiveness as chemopreventatives and chemotherapeutics. This should provide the reader with an overarching picture of how these structurally similar phytochemicals might be used in both clinical and nonclinical settings, as a part of the ongoing effort by clinicians, to help to slow down the increasing rate of cancers observed over the last few decades.
Identification of Novel Unspecific Peroxygenase Chimeras and Unusual YfeX Axial Heme Ligand by a Versatile High‐Throughput GC‐MS Approach
Authors: Knorrscheidt Anja , Püllmann Pascal , Schell Eugen , Homann Dominik , Freier Erik , Weissenborn Martin J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCatalyst discovery and development requires the screening of large reaction sets necessitating analytic methods with the potential for high‐throughput screening. These techniques often suffer from substrate dependency or the requirement of expert knowledge. Chromatographic techniques (GC/LC) can overcome these limitations but are generally hampered by long analysis time or the need for special equipment. The herein developed multiple injections in a single experimental run (MISER) GC‐MS technique allows a substrate independent 96‐well microtiter plate analysis within 60 min. This method can be applied to any laboratory equipped with a standard GC‐MS. With this concept novel, unspecific peroxygenase (UPO) chimeras, could be identified, consisting of subdomains from three different fungal UPO genes. The GC‐technique was additionally applied to evaluate an YfeX library in an E. coli whole‐cell system for the carbene‐transfer reaction on indole, which revealed the thus far unknown axial heme ligand tryptophan.
Impact of multilayering on the filtration performance of clean air filter media
Authors: Tucny Jean‐Michel , Vidal David , Drolet François , Bertrand François 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFibrous filter media are commonly used to remove airborne particles that are harmful to human health and the environment. Although filter media are often multilayered for various reasons, no systematic study of the impact of multilayering on filter media performance has been reported. In this paper, direct numerical simulations with the lattice Boltzmann method are used in order to shed light on the impact of multilayering on the performance of clean bimodal fibrous filter media in a Stokes flow regime. Virtual model clean filter media with up to eight layers and various fibre formulations are compared in terms of permeability or pressure drop, capture efficiency, and quality factor. A careful analysis of the results revealed that multilayering had no statistically significant impact on the performance of the clean filter media. At best, the impact of multilayering was similar to that of the inherent variability of such random structures. Fibre formulation was found to be a more efficient way of improving the performance of the filter media. Placing interlayered air gaps between fibrous layers also slightly improved the quality factor by facilitating the flow at the interfaces of the fibrous layers. These findings will guide future studies on the performance of multilayered filters with more complex flow conditions, such as those encountered with inertial or nanofibre‐made filter media and with the fouling of filter media.
Rectified Ion Transport in Ultra‐thin Membrane Governed by Outer Membrane Electric Double Layer
Authors: Zhang Zhenkun , Wang Chao , Lin Lingxin , Xu Mengyi , Wu Yichun , Cao Liuxuan 
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe outstanding combination of selectivity and permeability observed in ultra‐thin nanoporous membranes attracts broad interest from both fundamental research and practical application aspects. It is reported that the asymmetrical ion transport can be realized through the modification of polyelectrolytes on the outer membranes surface. However, the related mechanisms are still unclear which hinders their applications. Herein, we systematically investigate the origin of the ion current rectification in heterogeneously charged ultra‐thin nanopores. The calculated results based on the continuity model suggest that, the ion transport across the ultra‐thin membrane is dominated by the charge on the outer membrane surface rather than the pore wall. The overlap of electric double layer outside the pore entrance is essential for the ion asymmetric transport. And it accordingly results in the fact that the ion concentration enrichment and depletion effect occurring outside the nanopore orifices governs the high and low ionic conductance states under the applied bias. These features can be regulated by the membrane surface state, which is truly attractive because the surfaces of the outer membrane can be easily modified by experimental approaches. These findings provide the renew inspiration for the design of high‐performance 2D nanofluidic devices.
Fabrication of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles to Deliver Paclitaxel for Melanoma Treatment
Authors: Moghaddam Abolfazl Salehi , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Sarikhani Einollah , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Javadi Azizeh , Shamsi Mohammad , Amirkhani Mohammad Amir , Ahadian Samad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the effectiveness of paclitaxel nanocrystals (PTX NCs) encapsulated in carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) nanoparticles (CMCS−PTX NPs) as an anticancer drug is evaluated. The CMCS nanoparticles are produced via a cross‐junction microfluidic device where the PTX/CMCS concentration and flow rates in the device are optimized. The dynamic light scattering data show that the PTX NCs have a median diameter size of 230±90 nm, while the size of CMCS−PTX NPs is roughly 270±30 nm. The zeta‐potential result indicates less negative surface charge for the CMCS−PTX NPs as compared to the PTX NCs. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy micrographs, differential scanning calorimetry thermograms, and X‐ray diffraction patterns reveal that the physicochemical properties of the drug remain unaltered after perfusion through the microfluidic device. Cytotoxicity and cell endocytosis of PTX NCs and CMCS−PTX NPs are evaluated in vitro using G361 melanoma‐positive skin cells. The results reveal that the CMCS−PTX NPs increase the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity compared to the PTX NCs alone. In addition, the antitumor effect of CMCS−PTX NPs on B16 melanoma indicates the great potential of CMCS as a promising nano‐carrier for PTX NCs drug with potent inhibitory effect on the tumor growth.