bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional characterization of mandibular asymmetry in craniofacial microsomia
Authors: Chen Yun-Fang , Baan Frank , Bruggink Robin , Bronkhorst Ewald , Liao Yu-Fang , Ongkosuwito Edwin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) mandibular asymmetry in craniofacial microsomia (CFM) and its association with the Pruzansky–Kaban classification system.

Materials and methods
Cone-beam computed tomography images of 48 adult CFM cases were collected. The asymmetry of the mandibular body and ramus was analyzed with 3D landmarks. The mirrored mandibular model was registered on the original model, yielding a color-coded distance map and an average distance (i.e., asymmetry score) to quantify the overall mandibular asymmetry.

Results
The lengths of the mandibular body and ramus were significantly shorter on the affected than the contralateral side (p < 0.001). The ANB (p = 0.009), body and ramal lengths (both p < 0.001), and body and ramal length asymmetry (both p < 0.05) were significantly different between mild (types I/IIA) and severe (types IIB/III) cases. The mandibular asymmetry score correlated with mandibular body length asymmetry (r = 0.296, p = 0.046). CFM mandibles showed high variability in shape asymmetry.

Conclusions
CFM patients showed distinct body and ramal length asymmetries. In severe cases, mandibles were smaller, more retruded, and more asymmetric in length. The mandibular shape asymmetry was highly variable regardless of the Pruzansky–Kaban types, being a determinant in the extent of overall mandibular asymmetry.

Clinical relevance
The 3D morphologic analysis provides better insights into real mandibular asymmetry. Although the Pruzansky–Kaban classification was applied, high individual variability of the mandibular morphology still existed within the types. Therefore, individualized analyses and treatment plans for CFM patients are highly recommended.
Ensemble-based stochastic permeability and flow simulation of a sparsely sampled hard-rock aquifer supported by high performance computing
Authors: Bruckmann Johanna , Clauser Christoph 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCalibrating the heterogeneous permeability distribution of hard-rock aquifers based on sparse data is challenging but crucial for obtaining meaningful groundwater flow models. This study demonstrates the applicability of stochastic sampling of the prior permeability distribution and Metropolis sampling of the posterior permeability distribution using typical production data and measurements available in the context of groundwater abstraction. The case study is the Hastenrather Graben groundwater abstraction site near Aachen, Germany. A three-dimensional numerical flow model for the Carboniferous hard-rock aquifer is presented. Monte Carlo simulations are performed, for generating 1,000 realizations of the heterogeneous hard-rock permeability field, applying Sequential Gaussian Simulation based on nine log-permeability values for the geostatistical simulation. Forward simulation of flow during a production test for each realization results in the prior ensemble of model states verified by observation data in four wells. The computationally expensive ensemble simulations were performed in parallel with the simulation code SHEMAT-Suite on the high-performance computer JURECA. Applying a Metropolis sampler based on the misfit between drawdown simulations and observations results in a posterior ensemble comprising 251 realizations. The posterior mean log-permeability is −11.67 with an uncertainty of 0.83. The corresponding average posterior uncertainty of the drawdown simulation is 1.1 m. Even though some sources of uncertainty (e.g. scenario uncertainty) remain unquantified, this study is an important step towards an entire uncertainty quantification for a sparsely sampled hard-rock aquifer. Further, it provides a real-case application of stochastic hydrogeological approaches demonstrating how to accomplish uncertainty quantification of subsurface flow models in practice.
Dynamics and drivers of land use and land cover changes in Bangladesh
Authors: Xu Xiaoming , Shrestha Suravi , Gilani Hammad , Gumma Murali K. , Siddiqui Baktiar N. , Jain Atul K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBangladesh has undergone dramatic land use and land cover changes (LULCC) in recent years, but no quantitative analysis of LULCC drivers at the national scale exists so far. Here, we quantified the drivers of major LULCC in combination with biophysical and socioeconomic observations at the sub-district level. We used Landsat satellite data to interpret LULCC from 2000 to 2010 and employed a Global Surface Water Dataset to account for the influences of water seasonality. The results suggest that major LULCC in Bangladesh occur between agricultural land and waterbodies and between forest and shrubland. Exclusion of seasonal waterbodies can improve the accuracy of our LULCC results and driver analysis. Although the gross gain and loss of agricultural land are large on the local scale, the net change (gross gain minus gross loss) at a country scale is almost negligible. Climate dynamics and extreme events and changes in urban and rural households were driving the changes from forest to shrubland in the southeast region. The conversion from agricultural land to standing waterbodies in the southwest region was mainly driven by urban household dynamics, population growth, distance to cities and major roads, and precipitation dynamics. This study, which is the first effort accounting for water seasonality and quantifying biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of LULCC at the national scale, provides a perspective on overall LULCC and underlying drivers over a decadal time scale and national spatial scale and can serve as a scientific basis for developing land policies in Bangladesh.
The hydrodynamic foundation for salmon lice dispersion modeling along the Norwegian coast
Authors: Asplin Lars , Albretsen Jon , Johnsen Ingrid Askeland , Sandvik Anne Dagrun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNorway has complicated dynamics in the coastal ocean and in the fjords. In this area is also the largest salmon aquaculture industry in the world. The salmon industry is valuable for Norwegian economy worth more than 60 billion NOK. Thus, it is important to know the physical oceanography along the coast, even variability on short temporal and spatial scales (h/km), to be able to quantify environmental effects of the aquaculture industry. This is the motivation behind the implementation of a current model covering the whole coast of Norway with a relatively high spatial grid size of 800 m. The NorKyst800 is an implementation of the ROMS current model with an elaborated system of forcing and boundary conditions. This model has an important role for Norwegian authorities in various management purposes. We show that the NorKyst800 results are realistic and typically deviating at most by 1 °C and one unit in salinity from observations. The currents in the upper 10–20 m of the water column vary in a similar way as observed current and the agreement is good. The usefulness of a tool like the NorKyst800 is illustrated by an example of dispersion of salmon lice which is the biggest problem the salmon industry presently is facing. Detailed information, as can be provided by NorKyst800, is needed to fully understand and quantify environmental effects of the aquaculture industry. Similar modeling systems describing the planktonic salmon lice concentration operationally could be beneficial also in other salmon-producing countries like Scotland, Canada, or Chile. The major requirement will be access to updated number of fish and female lice per fish on a weekly time scale.
A view from the borderlands of Anglophone (political) geography
Authors: Mamadouh Virginie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe seven editions of Geography and Geographers and of Political Geography form two intimidating collections creating order in their (sub)disciplines. As successive editions engage with an exponentially growing and diversifying scholarly literature they have adopted different strategies to order ‘work in progress’. This commentary also considers their ordering and bordering of the (sub) discipline, epistemologically but also linguistically, foregrounding the predicament of their readership at the non-Anglophone borderlands of Anglo-American (political) geography.
General Bernstein-Like Inequality for Additive Functionals of Markov Chains
Authors: Lemańczyk Michał 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing the renewal approach, we prove Bernstein-like inequalities for additive functionals of geometrically ergodic Markov chains, thus obtaining counterparts of inequalities for sums of independent random variables. The coefficient in the sub-Gaussian part of our estimate is the asymptotic variance of the additive functional, i.e., the variance of the limiting Gaussian variable in the central limit theorem for Markov chains. This refines earlier results by Adamczak and Bednorz, obtained under the additional assumption of strong aperiodicity of the chain.
Why public organizations contribute to crosscutting policy programs: the role of structure, culture, and ministerial control
Authors: Molenveld Astrid , Verhoest Koen , Wynen Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe extent to which public organizations contribute to crosscutting policy programs is a question of organizational commitment, resource allocation, and monitoring. In this paper, we triangulate survey and interview data to study the explanatory power of organizational factors to understand the extent of organizational adaptation to crosscutting policy programs. In line with the hypotheses, the organizational task, culture, and the portfolio minister’s level of control seem to explain the extent of adaptation. Policy development as a task has a positive effect on organizational adaptation. However, this effect disappears if we add cultural variables. The second model indicates that a customer-oriented culture has a negative effect on organizational adaptation, and an innovation-oriented culture has a positive one. The portfolio minister’s level of control has a strong positive effect on organizational adaptation. Apparently, incentives are needed to hold organizations accountable and provide them clear direction regarding their contribution to crosscutting objectives.
Spatial variability of crop responses to agronomic inputs in on-farm precision experimentation
Authors: Trevisan R. G. , Bullock D. S. , Martin N. F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWithin-field variability of crop yield levels has been extensively investigated, but the spatial variability of crop yield responses to agronomic treatments is less understood. On-farm precision experimentation (OFPE) can be a valuable tool for the estimation of in-field variation of optimal input rates and thus improve agronomic decisions. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the spatial variability of optimal input rates in OFPE and the potential economic benefit of site-specific input management. Mixed geographically weighted regression (GWR) models were used to estimate local yield response functions. The methodology was applied to investigate the spatial variability in corn response to nitrogen and seed rates in four cornfields in Illinois, USA. The results showed that spatial heterogeneity of model parameters was significant in all four fields evaluated. On average, the RMSE of the fitted yield decreased from 1.2 Mg ha−1 in the non-spatial global model to 0.7 Mg ha−1 in the GWR model, and the r-squared increased from 10 to 68%. The average potential gain of using optimized uniform rates of seed and nitrogen was US$ 65.00 ha−1, while the added potential gain of the site-specific application was US$ 58.00 ha−1. The combination of OFPE and GWR proved to be an effective tool for testing precision agriculture’s central hypothesis of whether optimal input application rates display adequate spatial variability to justify the costs of the variable rate technology itself. The reported results encourage more research on response-based input management recommendations instead of the still widespread focus on yield-based algorithms.
Vorsicht bei Vorschlägen zur Interpretation von Regressionen mit Interaktionsvariablen
Authors: Schunck Reinhard , Nisic Natascha 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie zentrale Idee einer Interaktion besteht darin, einen konditionalen Effekt zu modellieren, d. h. der Effekt einer Variablen ($$x_{i}$$xi) auf die abhängige Variable ($$y_{i}$$yi) hängt vom Wert einer anderen Variablen ($$z_{i}$$zi) ab. Mayerl und Urban diskutieren in ihrer Abhandlung die Eigenschaften von Haupt- und Interaktionseffekten und welche Fallstricke sich bei deren Interpretation ergeben können. Leider vermitteln Mayerl und Urban den Eindruck, als ob Haupt- und Interaktionseffekte sinnvoll isoliert und damit unabhängig voneinander interpretiert werden können. Auch wenn dies in Ausnahmefällen zutreffen kann, ist dies allgemein nicht sinnvoll. Wir zeigen, dass eine isolierte oder getrennte Interpretation von Haupt- und Interaktionseffekten irreführend sein kann, auch wenn die von Mayerl und Urban diskutierten Probleme nicht vorliegen. Weil es sich bei Koeffizienten in Regressionsmodellen mit Interaktionstermen um konditionale Effekte handelt, ist eine Darstellung und Interpretation ratsam, die alle an der Interaktion beteiligten Kovariaten gleichzeitig einbezieht. Empfohlen wird eine (grafische) Darstellung, die Auskunft darüber gibt, wie der Effekt von $$x_{i}$$xi auf $$y_{i}$$yi über den Wertebereich von $$z_{i}$$zi variiert.
Different Evolutions of the Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Performance During Tension and Compression of 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: El-Tahawy Moustafa , Jenei Péter , Kolonits Tamás , Han Gigap , Park Hyeji , Choe Heeman , Gubicza Jenő 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The tensile and compressive behaviors of 316L stainless steel at room temperature were compared. The differences between the stress–strain responses during tension and compression were explained by the different evolutions of the texture, defect structure, and phase composition. It was found that up to true strain of ~ 25 pct the flow stress during tension was only slightly higher (by ~ 40 MPa) than that during compression, which can be explained by the different textures of the two types of specimens. On the other hand, between the strains of 25 and 50 pct, the strain hardening for tension was much higher, which resulted in a ~ 200 MPa larger flow stress in the tensile-tested specimen at 50 pct strain. It was revealed that the higher flow stress in tension was caused by the harder texture, the higher dislocation density, and the larger fraction of martensite phase.
Geometric Properties of the Pentablock
Authors: Su Guicong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we give a positive answer to the question raised in Kosiński (Complex Anal Oper Theory 9(6):1349–1359, 2015) and Zapałowski (J Math Anal Appl 430(1):126–143, 2015), i.e., we show that the pentablock$${\mathcal {P}}$$
P
is a $${\mathbb {C}}$$
C
-convex domain.
IMS Instrumentation I: Isolated data acquisition for ion mobility spectrometers with grounded ion sources
Authors: Lippmann Martin , Kirk Ansgar T. , Hitzemann Moritz , Zimmermann Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe drift voltage required for operating ion mobility spectrometers implies high voltage isolation of either the ion source or the detector. Typically, the detector is grounded due to the sensitivity of the small ion currents to interferences and thus higher requirements for signal integrity than the ion source. However, for certain ion sources, such as non-radioactive electron emitters or electrospray ionization sources, or for coupling with other instruments, such as gas or liquid chromatographs, a grounded ion source is beneficial. In this paper, we present an isolated data acquisition interface using a 16 bit, 250 kilosamples per second analog to digital converter and fiber optic transmitters and receivers. All spectra recorded via this new data acquisition interface and with a grounded ion source show the same peak shapes and noise when compared with a grounded detector, allowing additional freedom in design.
Density Functional Theory Calculations for the Evaluation of FePS3 as a Promising Anode for Mg Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Yu , Pan Fusheng , Wang Huili , Yang Zhanxu , Sun Jie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFePS3, a classical 2D layered material with transition metal phosphorous trichalcogenides, was investigated as an anode material for Mg ion batteries. We used density functional theory to calculate the Mg storage properties of FePS3, such as Mg adsorption energy, theoretical specific capacity, average voltage, diffusion energy barriers, volume change, and electronic conductivity. The theoretical specific capacity of the FePS3 monolayer is 585.6 mA h/g with a relatively low average voltage of 0.483 V (vs. Mg/Mg2+), which is favorable to a high energy density. The slight change in volume and good electronic conductivity of bulk FePS3 are beneficial to electrode stability during cycling.
Interfacial Microstructure Formation in Al7SiMg/Cu Compound Castings
Authors: Bakke Aina Opsal , Løland Jan-Ove , Jørgensen Svein , Kvinge Jan , Arnberg Lars , Li Yanjun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCompound casting is an attractive approach to create multi-material components and thus reduce the overall weight, while maintaining both the functional and mechanical properties. In this work, Al7SiMg alloy/copper compound castings were produced by a low-pressure die casting process. A flux coating was applied on copper pipes to reduce the oxide layer present in the interface between Al and Cu. The interface layer formed between the two alloys was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Vickers micro-hardness was also measured across the interface. Results showed that a continuous metallurgical bond formed between copper and aluminum without use of surface treatment. In the bond layer, various Al–Cu intermetallic phases were detected, as well as primary silicon particles and the quaternary phase Al5Cu2Mg8Si6. Flux coating prevented formation of any metallic bond between copper and aluminum. Instead, high concentrations of potassium, magnesium and fluorine, indicative of formation of KMgF3 and MgF2, were detected in the interface. The mechanism for the formation of the intermetallic phases and the strength of the interface layer have been discussed.
Bedrohungsempfinden als Quelle gruppenbezogener Vorurteile durch Religionen in einer heterogenen Stadtgesellschaft. Analysen des Berlinmonitors
Authors: Pickel Gert , Celik Kazim , Schuler Julia , Decker Oliver 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungGruppenbezogene Vorurteilen und Ressentiments sind eine Belastung für die liberale die Demokratie. Sie reflektieren häufig eine Ablehnung und eine Angst vor gesellschaftlicher Veränderung. Dabei scheinen religiöse Gruppen besonders stark betroffen, nimmt man die vielfältigen öffentlichen Diskussionen zu antimuslimischen Ressentiments und Antisemitismus zur Kenntnis. Gleichzeitig kann Religiosität auch Vorurteile hemmen, bestärken – oder gar hervorbringen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden der Daten des 2019 erhobenen Berlin-Monitors mit dem Ziel mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen einer differenzierter erfassten Religiosität und Vorurteilen bzw. Ressentiments zu untersuchen. Die Wirkung von Religiosität ist zeigeteilt: Religiös dogmatische bis fundamentalistische Menschen neigen eher zu Vorurteilen als andere Bevölkerungsgruppen. Liberale, oft sozial engagierte Christ*innen oder auch Muslim*innen weisen dagegen weniger Vorurteile auf. Dabei finden sich speziell für den Antisemitismus zwei besonders anfällige Gruppen: Rechtorientierte Menschen und dogmatische Muslim*innen. Dies kann auch in Berlin, wo die Bürger*innen im Vergleich zum Bundesgebiet toleranter sind, nachgewiesen werden.
Highly accessible platform technologies for vision-guided, closed-loop robotic assembly of unitized enclosure systems
Authors: Tish Daniel , King Nathan , Cote Nicholas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEquipping robotics with the capacity to make decisions based on real-time information about their physical environment is crucial to the success of in situ robotics and offers many process advantages in prefabrication scenarios as well. However, the perceived technical challenges of producing environmentally-aware closed-loop robotics have limited their use in construction and design applications. To address this challenge, a low-cost and largely open-source computer vision-guided closed-loop robotic control paradigm is developed. The system is used here to identify construction materials in the workspace and calculate their position in space and determine their place in the facade panel assembly. The industrial robot arm is equipped with an RGB-depth camera in an eye-in-hand configuration to give control over the positioning of the camera for greatest accuracy. The control system relies on a simple TCP client/server connection between the robot and a central control computer to pass information and instructions from the computer vision system to the robot and vice versa. This setup delivers process flexibility, enabling pick-and-place procedures of the material positioned randomly within the workspace. In this work, the technologies are deployed in a factory-type setting but would also be necessary for any on-site robotic construction system, building towards an on-site robotics future. The final product of this research is a unitized spandrel panel wherein the vision-guided robot finds and places the insulation, cement board, and masonry cladding materials.
Plasma-enhanced catalytic activation of CO2 in a modified gliding arc reactor
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Li , Xu Ruiyang , Huang Jingying , Wang Ni , Li Xiaodong , Tu Xin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor the first time, this paper demonstrates a synergistic effect from the combination of a gliding arc discharge plasma with a photocatalyst TiO2 for CO2 dissociation. The effects of adding a tray downstream the discharge and the combination of the catalyst with plasma have been investigated. Two different combination modes of plasma catalysis, i.e., in-plasma catalysis and post-plasma catalysis, have been evaluated with the emphasis on the analysis of potential mechanisms. The results show that modifying the gliding arc reactor by the addition of a tray can enhance the fraction of gas treated by plasma, thus improving the reaction performance. An exceptional synergistic effect of combining the gliding arc discharge with TiO2 for CO2 activation forms in the in-plasma catalysis mode. The presence of TiO2 significantly enhances the CO2 conversion by 138% and the energy efficiency by 133% at a flow rate of 2 L/min. The plasma activation effect, which produces energetic electrons that can create the electron–hole pairs on the catalyst surface, is believed to be the major contributor to the generation of the plasma catalysis synergy. This mechanism has been further evidenced by the negligible influence of the post-plasma catalysis on the reaction performance.