bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive pulmonary embolism in a COVID-19 patient: a case report
Authors: Sang Charlie J , Heindl Brittain , Von Mering Gregory , Rajapreyar Indranee 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Myocardial injury is associated with excess mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, and the mechanisms of injury are diverse. Coagulopathy associated with this infection may have unique cardiovascular implications.

Case summary
We present a case of 62-year-old male who presented after experiencing syncope and cardiac arrest. Given the clinical presentation and electrocardiographic findings, there was concern for acute coronary syndrome. However, coronary angiogram did not reveal significant coronary obstruction. Due to the unclear nature of his presentation, a bedside echocardiogram was rapidly performed and was indicative of right ventricular strain. Due to these findings, a pulmonary angiogram was performed that revealed massive pulmonary embolism. He successfully underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis and, after a prolonged hospital stay, was discharged home on lifelong anticoagulation.

Discussion
The impact of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on the cardiovascular system has been prominent and multifaceted. COVID-19 can have wide-ranging effects on the cardiovascular system due to coagulopathy with resultant venous and arterial thrombo-embolism. Due to the critical condition of many patients affected by COVID-19, imaging for thrombo-embolic events is often delayed. With the use of bedside echocardiogram, observation of right ventricular strain may be critical in raising suspicion for pulmonary embolism, especially when atypical features are noted on electrocardiogram.
Management of refractory angina: an update
Authors: Davies Allan , Fox Kim , Galassi Alfredo R , Banai Shmuel , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Lüscher Thomas F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Despite the use of anti-anginal drugs and/or percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting, the proportion of patients with coronary artery disease who have daily or weekly angina ranges from 2% to 24%. Refractory angina refers to long-lasting symptoms (for &gt;3 months) due to established reversible ischaemia, which cannot be controlled by escalating medical therapy with the use of 2nd- and 3rd-line pharmacological agents, bypass grafting, or stenting. While there is uncertain prognostic benefit, the treatment of refractory angina is important to improve the quality of life of the patients affected. This review focuses on conventional pharmacological approaches to treating refractory angina, including guideline directed drug combination and dosages. The symptomatic and prognostic impact of advanced and novel revascularization strategies such as chronic total occlusion PCI, transmyocardial laser revascularization, coronary sinus occlusion, radiation therapy for recurrent restenosis, and spinal cord stimulation are also covered and recommendations of the 2019 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes discussed. Finally, the potential clinical use of current angiogenetic and stem cell therapies in reducing ischaemia and/or pain is evaluated.
Clinical characterization of the first Belgian SCN5A founder mutation cohort
Authors: Sieliwonczyk Ewa , Alaerts Maaike , Robyns Tomas , Schepers Dorien , Claes Charlotte , Corveleyn Anniek , Willems Rik , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline M , Simons Eline , Nijak Aleksandra , Vandendriessche Bert , Mortier Geert , Vrints Christiaan , Koopman Pieter , Heidbuchel Hein , Van Laer Lut , Saenen Johan , Loeys Bart 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
We identified the first Belgian SCN5A founder mutation, c.4813 + 3_4813 + 6dupGGGT. To describe the clinical spectrum and disease severity associated with this mutation, clinical data of 101 SCN5A founder mutation carriers and 46 non-mutation carrying family members from 25 Belgian families were collected.

Methods and results
The SCN5A founder mutation was confirmed by haplotype analysis. The clinical history and electrocardiographic parameters of the mutation carriers and their family members were gathered and compared. A cardiac electrical abnormality was observed in the majority (82%) of the mutation carriers. Cardiac conduction defects, defined as PR or QRS prolongation on electrocardiogram (ECG), were most frequent, occurring in 65% of the mutation carriers. Brugada syndrome (BrS) was the second most prevalent phenotype identified in 52%, followed by atrial dysrythmia in 11%. Overall, 33% of tested mutation carriers had a normal sodium channel blocker test. Negative tests were more common in family members distantly related to the proband. Overall, 23% of the mutation carriers were symptomatic, with 8% displaying major adverse events. As many as 13% of the patients tested with a sodium blocker developed ventricular arrhythmia. One family member who did not carry the founder mutation was diagnosed with BrS.

Conclusion
The high prevalence of symptoms and sensitivity to sodium channel blockers in our founder population highlights the adverse effect of the founder mutation on cardiac conduction. The large phenotypical heterogeneity, variable penetrance, and even non-segregation suggest that other genetic (and environmental) factors modify the disease expression, severity, and outcome in these families.
Development and application of a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for quantification of Acetobacter aceti in red wine
Authors: Zhang Jingfeng , Wang Li , Shi Lei , Chen Xun , Liang Meidan , Zhao Lichao 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
This study reports the development and optimization of a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) method for rapid detection of Acetobacter aceti strain in red wine samples. Our results showed that the primers and probes designed for 16S rRNA were effective for A. aceti detection. The quantification limit of real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and qLAMP in pure culture was 2.05 × 101 colony forming units (CFU) mL−1. qLAMP had a sensitivity of 6.88 × 101 CFU mL−1 in artificially contaminated Changyu dry red wine (CDRW) and Changyu red wine (CRW), and 6.88 × 102 CFU mL−1 in artificially contaminated Greatwall dry red wine (GDRW), which was 10 times higher than that of qPCR. In conclusion, this newly developed qLAMP is a reliable, rapid and accurate method for the detection and quantification of A. aceti species in red wine samples. Furthermore, our work provides a standard reference method for the quantitative detection of A. aceti and other acetic acid bacteria during the fermentation and storage of red wine samples.
Upper Respiratory Tract Levels of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA and Duration of Viral RNA Shedding Do Not Differ Between Patients With Mild and Severe/Critical Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Yilmaz Aylin , Marklund Emelie , Andersson Maria , Nilsson Staffan , Andersson Lars-Magnus , Lindh Magnus , Gisslén Magnus 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study reports longitudinal viral RNA loads from the nasopharynx/throat in patients with mild and severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We also investigated whether the duration of symptoms correlated with the duration of viral RNA shedding. A total of 56 patients were included. The highest viral loads occurred early after onset of symptoms. Neither the viral RNA loads in the upper respiratory tract nor the time to viral RNA clearance differed between patients with mild or severe/critical disease. There was a moderate correlation between number of days with symptoms and number of days with viral RNA shedding in patients with mild COVID-19.
Does the fossil fuel divestment movement impact new oil and gas fundraising?
Authors: Cojoianu Theodor F , Ascui Francisco , Clark Gordon L , Hoepner Andreas G F , Wójcik Dariusz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article explores whether increasing fossil fuel divestment commitments are related to the reduction of capital flows into the oil and gas sector, based on an analysis of syndicated lending, equity and bond underwriting across 33 countries from 2000 to 2015. We find that increasing oil and gas divestment pledges in a country are associated with lower capital flows to domestic oil and gas companies. This effect is enhanced in more stringent environmental policy regimes and diminished in countries which heavily subsidise fossil fuels. However, the divestment movement may have an unintended effect, insofar as domestic banks situated in countries with high divestment commitments and stringent environmental policies provide more finance to oil and gas companies abroad. We explain these findings through the lens of institutional theory and show how both regulatory and socially normative elements of institutions shape this dynamic.
Effects of Quercetin on the Growth and Expression of Immune-Pathway-Related Genes in Silkworm (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
Authors: Shi Guiqin , Kang Zhaoyang , Ren Fei , Zhou Yuan , Guo Penglei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuercetin is a flavonoid produced as a defense by plants. The effects of 1% quercetin on the growth and development of Bombyx mori were studied. The activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), carboxy-lesterase (CarEs), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were all measured at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after quercetin exposure. The results show that quercetin induces the activities of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes. With longer exposure times, enzyme activity first increased and then decreased. The relative expressions of AMP (defensin, CecA), the Toll pathway (cactus, Spatzle, and Rel), the IMD pathway (Imd, Fadd, and Dorsal), the JAK-STAT pathway (STAT, HOP, and Pi3k60), and the Melanization gene (DDC and PAH) were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results indicated that long-term exposure to quercetin could inhibit the expression of immune-related pathway genes in silkworms. This suggests that it can inhibit the activities of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, thus inhibiting the immune system and affecting the growth and development, resulting in an increase in the death rate in silkworm. This study provides the novel conclusion that quercetin accumulation inhibits the immune system of silkworm and increases its death rate, a result that may promote the development and utilization of better biopesticides that avoid environmental pollution.
Elucidation of enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of bioactive polyacetylenes inBidens pilosausing integrated omics approaches
Authors: Chung Hisao-Hang , Ting Hieng-Ming , Wang Wei-Hsi , Chao Ya-Ting , Hsieh Cheng-Han , Apaya Maria Karmella , Sung Yi-Chang , Lin Shih-Shun , Hwu Fang-Yu , Shyur Lie-Fen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolyacetylene compounds from Bidens pilosa are known to have several pharmacological activities. In this study, we identified major genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polyacetylene in B. pilosa. Seven polyacetylene metabolites present in B. pilosa leaves were induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment and physical wounding. Transcriptome analysis via high-throughput sequencing revealed 39 202 annotated gene fragment sequences. A DNA microarray established by the 39 202 annotated genes was used to profile gene expression in B. pilosa leaf and root tissues. As no polyacetylene compounds were found in roots, the gene expression pattern in root tissue was used as a negative control. By subtracting MeJA-induced genes in roots, we obtained 1216 genes in leaves showing an approximate three-fold increase in expression post-MeJA treatment. Nine genes encoding enzymes with desaturation function were selected for confirmation of expression by qRT–PCR. Among them, two genes, BPTC030748 and BPTC012564, were predicted to encode Δ12-oleate desaturase (OD) and Δ12-fatty acid acetylenase (FAA), respectively. In B. pilosa leaves, RNAi knock-down concomitantly decreased, while virus-mediated transient overexpression of either gene elevated polyacetylene content. In summary, we demonstrate that two important enzymes, Δ12-oleate desaturase and Δ12-fatty acid acetylenase, involved in desaturation of linear fatty acid precursors play a role in polyacetylene biosynthesis in an important medicinal plant, Bidens pilosa.
CRISPR/Cas-mediated chromosome engineering: opening up a new avenue for plant breeding
Authors: Rönspies Michelle , Schindele Patrick , Puchta Holger 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The advent of powerful site-specific nucleases, particularly the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system, which enables precise genome manipulation, has revolutionized plant breeding. Until recently, the main focus of researchers has been to simply knock-in or knock-out single genes, or to induce single base changes, but constant improvements of this technology have enabled more ambitious applications that aim to improve plant productivity or other desirable traits. One long-standing aim has been the induction of targeted chromosomal rearrangements (crossovers, inversions, or translocations). The feasibility of this technique has the potential to transform plant breeding, because natural rearrangements, like inversions, for example, typically present obstacles to the breeding process. In this way, genetic linkages between traits could be altered to combine or separate favorable and deleterious genes, respectively. In this review, we discuss recent breakthroughs in the field of chromosome engineering in plants and their potential applications in the field of plant breeding. In the future, these approaches might be applicable in shaping plant chromosomes in a directed manner, based on plant breeding needs.
The nature of the symbiotic candidate 2MASS J07363415+6538548 in the field of NGC 2403
Authors: Merc J , Gális R , Kára J , Wolf M , Vrašťák M 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
New Online Database of Symbiotic Variables includes several poorly characterized objects and candidate symbiotic stars, not only in the Milky Way but also in other galaxies. The goal of the research presented in this paper was to reveal the nature of 2MASS J07363415+6538548, the object discovered as an X-ray source in the field of NGC 2403, and tentatively classified as a symbiotic candidate or a cataclysmic variable. By analysis of available photometric data from ground-based surveys, together with a high-precision photometry from TESS, remarkable astrometric measurements of the Gaia satellite and observations of other surveys spanning from X-rays to infrared, we have found that the object neither not a symbiotic star nor a cataclysmic variable, but rather an active K-type dwarf. The star is located in the distance of 415 pc, has an effective temperature of 4275 K, luminosity of 0.14 L⊙, mass of 0.7 M⊙, and radius of 0.7 R⊙. It has a rotational period ∼ 3 d and is a strong X-ray source with the X-ray luminosity of ∼ $10^{30}\rm \, erg\, s^{-1}$. Gyrochronology and isochrone fitting confirmed that the star is young.
RAiSERed: radio continuum redshifts for lobed active galactic nuclei
Authors: Turner Ross J , Drouart Guillaume , Seymour Nick , Shabala Stanislav S 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Next-generation radio surveys are expected to detect tens of millions of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with a median redshift of $z$ ≥ 1. Beyond targeted surveys, the vast majority of these objects will not have spectroscopic redshifts, while photometric redshifts for high-redshift AGNs are of limited quality, and even then require optical and infrared photometry. We propose a new approach to measure the redshifts of lobed radio galaxies based exclusively on radio-frequency imaging and broad-band radio photometry. Specifically, our algorithm uses the lobe flux density, angular size and width, and spectral shape to derive probability density functions for the most likely source redshift based on the Radio AGN in Semi-analytic Environments dynamical model. The full physically based model explains 70 per cent of the variation in the spectroscopic redshifts of a high-redshift (2 &lt; $z$ &lt; 4) sample of radio AGNs, compared to at most 27 per cent for any one of the observed attributes in isolation. We find that upper bounds on the angular size, as expected for unresolved sources, are sufficient to yield accurate redshift measurements at $z$ ≥ 2. The error in the model upon calibration using at least nine sources with known spectroscopic redshifts is &lt;14 per cent in redshift (as 1 + $z$) across all redshifts. We provide the python code for the calculation and calibration of our radio continuum redshifts in an online library.
Braking indices of young radio pulsars: theoretical perspective
Authors: Igoshev Andrei P , Popov Sergei B 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Recently, Parthsarathy et al. analysed long-term timing observations of 85 young radio pulsars. They found that 15 objects have absolute values of braking indices ranging ∼10–3000, far from the classical value n = 3. They also noted a mild correlation between measured value of n and characteristic age of a radio pulsar. In this article, we systematically analyse possible physical origin of large braking indices. We find that a small fraction of these measurements could be caused by gravitational acceleration from an unseen ultra-wide companion of a pulsar or by precession. Remaining braking indices cannot be explained neither by pulsar obliquity angle evolution, nor by complex high-order multipole structure of the poloidal magnetic field. The most plausible explanation is a decay of the poloidal dipole magnetic field which operates on a time-scale ∼104−105 yr in some young objects, but has significantly longer time-scale in other radio pulsars. This decay can explain both amplitude of measured n and some correlation between n and characteristic age. The decay can be caused by either enhanced crystal impurities in the crust of some isolated radio pulsars or, more likely, by enhanced resistivity related to electron scattering off phonons due to slow cooling of low-mass neutron stars. If this effect is indeed the main cause of the rapid magnetic field decay manifesting as large braking indices, we predict that pulsars with large braking indices are hotter in comparison to those with n ≈ 3.
The effect of cooling on the accretion of circumprimary discs in merging supermassive black hole binaries
Authors: Fontecilla Camilo , Lodato Giuseppe , Cuadra Jorge 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
At the final stages of a supermassive black hole coalescence, the emission of gravitational waves will efficiently remove energy, and angular momentum from the binary orbit, allowing the separation between the compact objects to shrink. In the scenario where a circumprimary disc is present, a squeezing phase will develop, in which the tidal interaction between the disc and the secondary black hole could push the gas inwards, enhancing the accretion rate on to the primary and producing what is known as an electromagnetic precursor. In this context, using 3D hydrodynamic simulations, we study how an adiabatic circumprimary accretion disc responds to the varying gravitational potential as the secondary falls on to the more massive object. We included a cooling prescription controlled by the parameter β = Ωtcool, which will determine how strong the final accretion rate is: a hotter disc is thicker, and the tidal interaction is suppressed for the gas outside the binary plane. Our main results are that for scenarios where the gas cannot cool fast enough (β ≥ 30), the disc becomes thick and renders the system invisible, while for β ≤ 10 the strong cooling blocks any leakage on to the secondary’s orbit, allowing an enhancement in the accretion rate of two orders of magnitude stronger than the average through the rest of the simulation.
Four-billion year stability of the Earth–Mars belt
Authors: Huang (黄宇坤) Yukun , Gladman Brett 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Previous work has demonstrated orbital stability for 100 Myr of initially near-circular and coplanar small bodies in a region termed the ‘Earth–Mars belt’ from 1.08 &lt; a &lt; 1.28 au. Via numerical integration of 3000 particles, we studied orbits from 1.04–1.30 au for the age of the Solar system. We show that on this time-scale, except for a few locations where mean-motion resonances with Earth affect stability, only a narrower ‘Earth–Mars belt’ covering a ∼ (1.09, 1.17) au, e &lt; 0.04, and I &lt; 1° has over half of the initial orbits survive for 4.5 Gyr. In addition to mean-motion resonances, we are able to see how the ν3, ν4, and ν6 secular resonances contribute to long-term instability in the outer (1.17–1.30 au) region on Gyr time-scales. We show that all of the (rather small) near-Earth objects (NEOs) in or close to the Earth–Mars belt appear to be consistent with recently arrived transient objects by comparing to a NEO steady-state model. Given the &lt;200 m scale of these NEOs, we estimated the Yarkovsky drift rates in semimajor axis and use these to estimate that a diameter of ∼100 km or larger would allow primordial asteroids in the Earth–Mars belt to likely survive. We conclude that only a few 100-km sized asteroids could have been present in the belt’s region at the end of the terrestrial planet formation.
Precise astrometry and diameters of asteroids from occultations – a data set of observations and their interpretation
Authors: Herald David , Gault David , Anderson Robert , Dunham David , Frappa Eric , Hayamizu Tsutomu , Kerr Steve , Miyashita Kazuhisa , Moore John , Pavlov Hristo , Preston Steve , Talbot John , Timerson Brad 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Occultations of stars by asteroids have been observed since 1961, increasing from a very small number to now over 500 annually. We have created and regularly maintain a growing data set of more than 5000 observed asteroidal occultations. The data set includes the raw observations, astrometry at the 1 mas level based on centre of mass or figure (not illumination), where possible the asteroid’s diameter to 5 km or better, and fits to shape models, the separation and diameters of asteroidal satellites, and double star discoveries with typical separations being in the tens of mas or less. The data set is published at NASA’s Planetary Data System and is regularly updated. We provide here an overview of the data set, discuss the issues associated with determining the astrometry and diameters, and give examples of what can be derived from the data set. We also compare the occultation diameters of asteroids with the diameters measured by the satellites NEOWISE, AKARI AcuA, and IRAS, and show that the best satellite-determined diameter is a combination of the diameters from all three satellites.