bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and Species Comparisons of Visual Mental Manipulation Ability as Evidence for its Development and Evolution
Authors: Pailian Hrag , Carey Susan E. , Halberda Justin , Pepperberg Irene M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntelligent behavior is shaped by the abilities to store and manipulate information in visual working memory. Although humans and various non-human animals demonstrate similar storage capacities, the evolution of manipulation ability remains relatively unspecified. To what extent are manipulation limits unique to humans versus shared across species? Here, we compare behavioral signatures of manipulation ability demonstrated by human adults and 6-to-8-year-old children with that of an animal separated from humans by over 300 million years of evolution: a Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus). All groups of participants completed a variant of the “Shell Game”, which required mentally updating the locations of varying set sizes of occluded objects that swapped places a number of times. The parrot not only demonstrated above-chance performance, but also outperformed children across all conditions. Indeed, the parrot’s accuracy was comparable to (and slightly better than) human adults’ over 12/14 set-size/number-of-swaps combinations, until four items were manipulated with 3–4 swaps, where performance decreased toward that of 6- to 8-year-olds. These results suggest that manipulation of visual working memory representations is an evolutionarily ancient ability. An important next step in this research program is establishing variability across species, and identifying the evolutionary origins (analogous or homologous) of manipulation mechanisms.
Cardiogenic shock elicits acute inflammation, delayed eosinophilia, and depletion of immune cells in most severe cases
Authors: Cuinet Justine , Garbagnati Andrea , Rusca Marco , Yerly Patrick , Schneider Antoine G. , Kirsch Matthias , Liaudet Lucas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPatients with cardiogenic shock (CS) display systemic inflammation and a high rate of infections, suggesting important immune disturbances. To explore the immune response to CS, we prospectively measured, in 24 consecutive CS patients, differential white blood cell (WBC) counts and the cytokines IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, IFNγ, MCP-1 and eotaxin (CCL11), at Day 1 (T1), day 3 (T2) and day 6-8 (T3). Secondary infections and their influence on cytokines and WBCs were determined. CS induced early (T1) neutrophilia and elevated levels of IL-6, IL-10 and MCP-1, correlating with shock severity. The eosinophil chemoattractant eotaxin was elevated at T1 and decreased thereafter, and a progressive rise of blood eosinophils was noted over time. Patients with the most severe shock had reduced lymphocytes and monocytes at T2 and T3. Sixty-two percent of patients developed an infection, which did not alter the profile of immune response, except from higher IL-6 levels at T2. Therefore, CS elicits an acute pro-inflammatory response, followed by a delayed increase in blood eosinophils, consistent with the development of a tissue repair response, as well as depletion of immune cells in the most severely affected patients, which might predispose to secondary infections.
Design of Fluorescent Probes for Bioorthogonal Labeling of Carbonylation in Live Cells
Authors: Erkan Hazel , Telci Dilek , Dilek Ozlem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of chemical biology, many diagnostic fluorophore-based tools were introduced to specific biomolecules by covalent binding. Bioorthogonal reactions have been widely utilized to manage challenges faced in clinical practice for early diagnosis and treatment of several tumor samples. Herein, we designed a small molecule fluorescent-based biosensor, 2Hydrazine-5nitrophenol (2Hzin5NP), which reacts with the carbonyl moiety of biomolecules through bioorthogonal reaction, therefore can be utilized for the detection of biomolecule carbonylation in various cancer cell lines. Our almost non-fluorescent chemical probe has a fast covalent binding with carbonyl moieties at neutral pH to form a stable fluorescent hydrazone product leading to a spectroscopic alteration in live cells. Microscopic and fluorometric analyses were used to distinguish the exogenous and endogenous ROS induced carbonylation profile in human dermal fibroblasts along with A498 primary site and ACHN metastatic site renal cell carcinoma (RRC) cell lines. Our results showed that carbonylation level that differs in response to exogenous and endogenous stress in healthy and cancer cells can be detected by the newly synthesized bioorthogonal fluorescent probe. Our results provide new insights into the development of novel bioorthogonal probes that can be utilized in site-specific carbonylation labeling to enhance new diagnostic approaches in cancer.
The role of cytochrome P450 gene rs1126742 polymorphism and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Ziyin , Jiang Yufeng , Zhou Yafeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: CYP4A11 gene T8590C (rs1126742) is proved to be an important locus that is relevant to hypertension. Various research on the relationship between rs1126742 polymorphism and hypertension have been published, but due to small sample sizes and limitations of the research objects, the combined results remain controversial.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, OVID, Web of Science, Wan Fang, and CNKI databases for related articles. Three authors individually extracted data and the quality of studies was evaluated by using the 9-point Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) independently. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in different genetic models by using a random-effect model or fixed-effect model according to inter-study heterogeneity. Besides, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed and the publication bias was assessed.
Results: There were totally 12 independent case–control studies of 8673 cases and 6611 controls included. Significant associations were found between CYP4A11 gene T8590C polymorphism and hypertension under all genetic models (allele, homozygote, heterozygote, recessive, and dominant model). We also found that there was no obvious relationship between the rs1126742 polymorphism and hypertension in Asian. But positive association has been found in Caucasian in allele, homozygote, and recessive model.
Conclusions: CYP4A11 gene T8590C (rs1126742) polymorphism increases the occurrence of hypertension, particularly in Caucasian.
Endoscopic management of gastrointestinal motility disorders – part 1: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline
Authors: Weusten Bas L. A. M. , Barret Maximilien , Bredenoord Albert J. , Familiari Pietro , Gonzalez Jan-Michel , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Ishaq Sauid , Lorenzo-Zúñiga Vicente , Louis Hubert , van Meer Suzanne , Neumann Helmut , Pohl Daniel , Prat Frederic , von Renteln Daniel , Savarino Edoardo , Sweis Rami , Tack Jan , Tutuian Radu , Martinek Jan 
Published: May 2020

Main RecommendationsESGE recommends the use of a graded pneumatic dilation protocol in achalasia, starting with a 30-mm dilation and followed by a 35-mm dilation at a planned interval of 2 – 4 weeks, with a subsequent 40-mm dilation when there is insufficient relief, over both a single balloon dilation procedure or the use of a larger balloon from the outset.Strong recommendation, high quality of evidence, level of agreement 100 %.ESGE recommends being cautious in treating spastic motility disorders other than achalasia with peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).Strong recommendation, very low quality of evidence, level of agreement 87.5 %.ESGE recommends against the routine use of botulinum toxin injections to treat patients with non-achalasia hypercontractile esophageal motility disorders (Jackhammer esophagus, distal esophageal spasm). However, if, in individual patients, endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin is chosen, ESGE recommends performing injections into four quadrants of the lower esophageal sphincter and in the lower third of the esophagus.Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence, level of agreement 78.6 %.ESGE recommends that endoscopic pylorus-directed therapy should be considered only in patients with symptoms suggestive of gastroparesis in combination with objective proof of delayed gastric emptying using a validated test, and only when medical therapy has failed.Strong recommendation, very low quality of evidence, level of agreement 100 %.ESGE recommends against the use of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of unselected patients with gastroparesis. Strong recommendation, high quality of evidence, level of agreement 92.9 %.ESGE recommends consideration of gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) in carefully selected patients only, because it is an emerging procedure with limited data on effectiveness, safety, and durability. G-POEM should be performed in expert centers only, preferably in the context of a clinical trial.Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence, level of agreement 100 %.
Effect of resealing on microleakage of resin composite restorations in relationship to margin design and composite type
Authors: Antonson Sibel A , Yazici A. Ruya , Okte Zeynep , Villalta Patricia , Antonson Donald E , Hardigan Patrick C 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the relationship between margin preparation design and resin-composite type on microleakage with or without re-application of surface-penetrating sealant.Methods: Class-I resin-composite restorations were completed for 128 extracted human molars. Half of the margins were beveled, the other half, butt-joint. Half of each group was restored with Filtek-Supreme (FS), the other half with Esthet-X (EX) using their respective adhesive systems. Margins were etched and sealed with a surface-penetrating sealant, Fortify. The samples were stored in water 24h, and thermocycled (5,000 cycles, 5°C-55°C). Then, samples were abraded using a toothbrush machine (6,000 strokes). Half of the restorations from each sealant group (n=16) were resealed, and the other half had no further treatment. Thermocycling and tooth brushing were repeated. The samples were sealed with nail polish, immersed in methylene-blue for 8h, sectioned, and magnified digital photographs were taken. Three examiners assessed dye penetration. A 2x2x2 multi-layered Chi-Square analysis, using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was conducted for statistical analysis.Results: No difference was observed between sealed and resealed FS and EX restorations with butt-joint margins. In beveled margins, resealing caused significantly less microleakage (P<.01). No differences were found between restorations either sealed or resealed with bevel margins. In butt-joint margins, at the leakage level deeper than 2/3 of the preparation depth, resealed FS showed less microleakage than EX resealed restorations (P<.01).Conclusion: Resealing reduced microleakage in bevel margins, however, in butt-joint margins resealing did not affect the leakage. A significant statistical relationship exists between and within resealing, margin preparation design, type of composite, and microleakage. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:389-395)
Does an additional UV LED improve the degree of conversion and Knoop Hardness of light-shade composite resins?
Authors: Giorgi Maria Cecília Caldas , Aguiar Flávio Henrique Baggio , Soares Luís Luís , Martin Airton Abrahão , Liporoni Priscila Christiane Suzy , Paulillo Luís Alexandre Maffei Sartini 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) using FTRaman spectroscopy and the Knoop hardness (KHN) of composites cured by second and third-generation LED light curing-units (LCU), Radii Cal and Ultralume 5.Methods: Three composites (Filtek Supreme XT, Filtek Z350, and Esthet X) were selected for this study. KHN testing (n=10) was performed with 10 indentations for the top (T) and bottom (B) surfaces. For DC (n=10), both the T and B surfaces were analyzed.Results: For KHN, the three composites differed in hardens. There was a “LCU-surface” interaction, in which Radii Cal showed significantly greater hardens in the B surface. For DC, there was a “composite-surface-LCU” interaction. For the “composite” factor, there was no significant difference between the groups, except for Supreme XT-Radii Cal (T or B surfaces). For the “LCU” factor there was a significant difference for Supreme XT T surface, Ultralume 5 obtained a higher DC. For the Z350 T surface, a significant difference in the DC in which Radii Cal obtained better results. For the “surface” factor, all groups presented T surfaces with a higher DC than the B surfaces, the sole exceptions involved Esthet X-Radii Cal and Z350-Ultralume 5.Conclusion: Knowledge regarding composite composition and the characteristics of LCUs are important for effective polymerization. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:396-401)
Caries risk profiles in 2- to 6-year-old Greek children using the Cariogram
Authors: Kavvadia Katerina , Agouropoulos Andreas , Gizani Sotiria , Papagiannouli Lisa , Twetman Svante 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the caries risk profiles in 2- to 6-year-old Greek children using a computerbased program and to evaluate the contribution of various risk factors.Methods: The study group consisted of 814 preschool children. A questionnaire on family, demographic and socioeconomic factors, general health, oral hygiene and dietary behavior was completed by the parents. Children were examined for cavitated and white-spot lesions (WSL). Salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and buffer capacity were estimated. Caries risk profiles were assessed with Cariogram.Results:Cavitated lesions were found in 30% of the children; WSL were found in 26% of those included. MS and low buffer capacity were detected in 28% and 26% of the children, respectively. The majority (70%) displayed neglected oral hygiene. Based on the questionnaires, 83% of the children had a cariogenic diet, and 17% did not use any form of fluoride. The Cariogram revealed that 26% of the children had high caries risk, while only 9% exhibited low caries risk. The most significant caries risk variables, determined by regression analysis (R2=0.88), were insufficient fluoride exposure (! =0.160) and the presence of WSL (!= 0.159).Conclusions: One-fourth of the children were categorised as high caries risk. The presence of WSL and lack of fluoride exposure were the most significant caries risk determinants. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:415-421)
Apical root resorption caused by orthodontic forces: A brief review and a long-term observation
Authors: Topkara Ahu , Karaman Ali I , Kau Chung H 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTExternal apical root resorption (ARR) is a common iatrogenic consequence of orthodontic treatment. One of the aims of this article is to present a brief overview of the literature, including; diagnosis and etiology, with emphasis on orthodontic forces to facilitate an understand of the prevention or management of ARR in orthodontic patients. We also present a long-term follow-up observation of severe ARR, including the last obtained cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) records, to demonstrate the effect of orthodontic forces on ARR. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:445-453)
Ocular Trauma: Trends and Considerations for Resident Education
Authors: Dryden Stephen C. , Jensen Jason D. , Fleming James C. , Fowler Brian T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective Ocular trauma is a mendable cause of morbidity and preventable blindness. Our goal is to confirm the relationship between ocular trauma and seasonality, to establish an association between ocular trauma and temperature, and to discuss implications on resident education.
Methods Consults for the University of Tennessee Health Science Center Hamilton Eye Institute Ophthalmology residency (Memphis, TN) were recorded in the New Innovations database from 2006 to 2016 and analyzed retrospectively. International Classification of Diseases-9 diagnosis codes were used to identify all cases of ocular trauma. Temperature data were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association. The main outcome measures were the monthly, seasonal, annual, and temperature trends in ocular trauma in an emergency department setting, necessitating an ophthalmology consultation.
Results A total of 8,400 patients were screened by ophthalmology residents in Memphis, TN from 2006 to 2016, 3,540 carried a diagnosis of ocular trauma, out of which 2,290 were male (64.7%) with a mean age of 34.6 years and 1,250 were female (35.3%) with a mean age of 34.9 years. The most common diagnoses were orbital fracture (36.6%), eyelid laceration (20.2%), and nonpenetrating corneal/conjunctival injury (13.6%). Peak months were July (37.3 cases/year) and September (36.6 cases/year) with trauma more likely to occur in nonwinter months (p = 0.0069). Trauma was more likely to occur in the summer/fall seasons (p = 0.0014) corresponding to mean temperatures 82.8 and 64.6°F, respectively.
Conclusion Ocular trauma exhibits an annual and temperature cycle, peaking in the summer and fall months, and coinciding with the beginning of the academic year. Special attention should be taken in July to prepare residents for the proper management of ocular trauma to prevent blindness as traumatic cases are more likely to require surgical intervention.
The Development and Evaluation of an Electronic Health Record Efficiency Workshop for Providers
Authors: Scott Kara , Hathaway Elizabeth , Sharp Karen , Smailes Paula 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The electronic health record (EHR) has historically been known to be a source of stress and dissatisfaction, leading to reduced efficiency and productivity for providers. This issue is complicated by constant changes in EHRs that are necessary to keep systems current with evolving functionality. Knowing the existence of this problem, an evidenced-based solution, known as an efficiency workshop, was developed by our information technology training and optimization team for providers as a means of ongoing professional development.
Objectives The objectives of this project were to identify EHR optimization needs for providers in various clinical departments and improve their EHR satisfaction. The development of a program focused on provider efficiency tools and personalization was key and, once piloted, how to measure program success.
Methods Efficiency workshops comprised members of the IT training team who set up on site training sessions during reserved time with providers during departmental meetings. Sessions focused on reviewing EHR efficiency tools using demonstration of existing system functionality. Participating providers were given continuing medical education (CME) credits upon completion of evaluations used as a quality improvement tool for the program.
Results Descriptive results showed that providers were satisfied with this method of EHR instruction. Subjective feedback yielded positive themes such as informative, well done, organized, and helpful.
Conclusion This initiative began as a pilot program and successfully expanded across clinical departments at our academic medical center. Future plans are to sustain and further invest in this program by using EHR reporting features to further customize these sessions and evaluate impact on system use.
Comparison of Shape Memory Staple and Gelled Platelet-Rich Plasma versus Shape Memory Staple alone for the Treatment of Waist Scaphoid Nonunion: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: De Vitis Rocco , Passiatore Marco , Perna Andrea , Fioravanti Cinci Giulio , Taccardo Giuseppe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurpose The aim of this study was to analyze the results of two different methods of surgical treatment of waist scaphoid nonunions (SNUs). We retrospectively analyzed data from 87 patients referred to our department from January 2010 to December 2017 who were surgically treated for waist SNU.Methods The mean period of time passed from trauma was 11.2 (±5.6) months. Patients were divided into two groups based on surgical treatment received: volar exposure osteosynthesis with shape memory staple (SMS) (group A) and volar exposure osteosynthesis with SMS and gelled platelet-rich plasma (GPRP) application at the bone defect level (group B). A cast (thumb excluded) was maintained for 4 weeks. Healing was checked clinically (pain, QuickDASH [Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand] score, Mayo Wrist Score) and radiologically (standard X-ray).Results Union was achieved in 40 patients in group A (95.2%) and in all patients in group B (45 patients; 100%). A statistically significant difference was observed in the improvement of the Mayo Wrist Score, QuickDASH score, and pain (measured through the visual analog scale) after 3 months from surgery (p = 0.02).Conclusion SMS is effective in treating waist SNU at more than 6 months from trauma. GPRP application can improve bone healing and upper limb function.Level of Evidence This is a retrospective observational Level III study.
Machine translation and fair access to information
Authors: Nurminen Mary , Koponen Maarit 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article contributes to the discussion on fairness and ethics in MT by highlighting efforts that have been
made to use MT for the humanitarian purpose of increasing access to information for groups that are underserved. The article
provides an overview of example projects in which MT has been implemented for this purpose in three contexts: civic participation,
public health and safety, and media and culture. In addition, the article examines some of the ethical issues surrounding efforts
to use MT for accessibility, including issues of quality, acceptability, and the need to involve stakeholders in development.
The contribution of register analysis to the translation of Red Sorghum
Authors: Bazzi Samia , Shi Yuran 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Chinese novel Hóng Gāoliáng Jiāzú (红高粱家族, Red Sorghum
2008) was written by the Nobel-winning Chinese writer Mò Yán (莫言). Its Arabic translation (الذرة
الرفيعة الحمراء, al-Dhurra al-Rafī‘a al-Hamrā) was published in 2013. By comparing the Chinese source text with the Arabic target text, this paper aims to present an
assessment of the Arabic translation based on an awareness of translation theory and, in particular, translation quality
assessment or what is widely known as register analysis (House 1997) in order to
propose additional solutions for the translation of Chinese literature into Arabic. The paper also surveys the field of
translation studies specifically in regard to scholarship concerning translation between Chinese and Arabic, and it attempts to
add additional literature for Chinese-Arabic translators or translator trainees. Relying on textual analysis that relates to a
wider socio-cultural framework, the paper concludes that the original translation of the novel is not successful, as it lacks an
awareness of register characterization which plays an important part in the translation-oriented analysis of literary texts. This
results in the misrepresentation of Chinese cultural experience as well as an absence of evaluative meanings at an interpersonal
level. For this reason, this study offers alternative translation techniques into Arabic that foreground the author’s style
without modifying the cultural elements. This approach will be illustrated through a number of examples representative of many
examples translated and assessed by the authors. We suggest that an awareness of register variables results in a more appropriate
communication of the Chinese cultural context, and is therefore more likely to be viewed positively by the Arab audience, piquing
its curiosity in regard to the cultural specificities found in this foreign culture.