bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis of paramyxoviruses reveals constraints on genomic plasticity
Authors: Ikegame S. , Beaty S. M. , Stevens C. , Won S. T. , Park A. , Sachs D. , Hong P. , Thibault P. A. , Lee B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe antigenic and genomic stability of paramyxoviruses remains a mystery. Here, we evaluate the genetic plasticity of Sendai virus (SeV) and mumps virus (MuV), sialic acid-using paramyxoviruses that infect mammals from twoParamyxoviridaesubfamilies (OrthoparamyxovirinaeandRubulavirinae). We performed saturating whole-genome transposon insertional mutagenesis, and identified important commonalities: disordered regions in the N and P genes near the 3’ genomic end were more tolerant to insertional disruptions; but the envelope glycoproteins were not, highlighting structural constraints that contribute to the restricted antigenic drift in paramyxoviruses. Nonetheless, when we applied our strategy to a fusion-defective Newcastle disease virus (Avulavirinaesubfamily), we could select for F-revertants and other insertants in the 5’ end of the genome. Our genome-wide interrogation of representative paramyxovirus genomes from all threeParamyxoviridaesubfamilies provides a family-wide context in which to explore specific variations within and among paramyxovirus genera and species.
Small molecule inhibition of human cGAS reduces total cGAMP output and cytokine expression in cells
Authors: Wiser Caroline , Kim Byungil , Vincent Jessica , Ascano Manuel 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe cGAS-STING pathway is a major mechanism that mammalian cells utilize to detect cytoplasmic dsDNA from incoming viruses, bacteria, or self. CYCLIC GMP-AMP SYNTHASE (cGAS) is the sensor protein that directly binds dsDNAs. cGAS synthesizes cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which binds to the adaptor STIMULATOR OF INTERFERON GENES (STING), activating an INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 3 (IRF3)-mediated immune response. Constitutive activation can result in interferonopathies such as Aicardi-Goutieres Syndrome (AGS) or other lupus-like autoimmune disorders. While inhibitors targeting mouse or human cGAS have been reported, the identification of a small molecule that targets both homologs of cGAS has been challenging. Here, we show that RU.521 is capable of potently and selectively inhibiting mouse and human cGAS in cell lines and human primary cells. This inhibitory activity requires the presence of cGAS, but it cannot suppress an immune response in cells activated by RNA, Toll-like receptor ligands, cGAMP, or recombinant interferon. Importantly, when RU.521 is applied to cells, the production of dsDNA-induced intracellular cGAMP is suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Our work validates the use of RU.521 for probing DNA-induced innate immune responses and underscores its potential as an ideal scaffold towards pre-clinical development, given its potency against human and mouse cGAS.
A territory-wide study of early COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong community: A clinical, epidemiological and phylogenomic investigation
Authors: Leung Kenneth Siu-Sing , Ng Timothy Ting-Leung , Wu Alan Ka-Lun , Yau Miranda Chong-Yee , Lao Hiu-Yin , Choi Ming-Pan , Tam Kingsley King-Gee , Lee Lam-Kwong , Wong Barry Kin-Chung , Ho Alex Yat-Man , Yip Kam-Tong , Lung Kwok-Cheung , Liu Raymond Wai-To , Tso Eugene Yuk-Keung , Leung Wai-Shing , Chan Man-Chun , Ng Yuk-Yung , Sin Kit-Man , Fung Kitty Sau-Chun , Chau Sandy Ka-Yee , To Wing-Kin , Que Tak-Lun , Shum David Ho-Keung , Yip Shea Ping , Yam Wing Cheong , Siu Gilman Kit-Hang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInitial cases of COVID-19 reported in Hong Kong were mostly imported from China. However, most cases reported in February 2020 were locally-acquired infections, indicating local community transmissions. We extracted the demographic, clinical and epidemiological data from 50 COVID-19 patients, who accounted for 53.8% of the cases in Hong Kong by February 2020. Whole-genome sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 were conducted to determine the phylogenetic relatedness and transmission dynamics. Only three (6.0%) patients required ICU admission. Phylogenetic analysis identified six transmission clusters. All locally-acquired cases harboured a common mutationOrf3aG251V and were clustered in two subclades in global phylogeny of SARS-CoV-2. The estimated time to the most recent common ancestor of local COVID-2019 outbreak was December 24, 2019 with an evolutionary rate of 3.04×10−3substitutions per site per year. The reproduction number value was 1.84. Social distancing and vigilant epidemiological control are crucial to the containment of COVID-19 transmission.Article summary linesA combined epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of early COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong revealed that a SARS-CoV-2 variant withORF3aG251V mutation accounted for all locally acquired cases, and that asymptomatic carriers could be a huge public health risk for COVID-19 control.
A 4.2-to-5.4 GHz stacked GaAs HBT power amplifier for C-band applications
Authors: Liu Min , Xu Panpan , Zhang Jincan , Liu Bo , Zhang Liwen 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
Power amplifiers (PAs) play an important role in wireless communications because they dominate system performance. High-linearity broadband PAs are of great value for potential use in multi-band system implementation. The purpose of this paper is to present a cascode power amplifier architecture to achieve high power and high efficiency requirements for 4.2∼5.4 GHz applications.

Design/methodology/approach
A common emitter (CE) configuration with a stacked common base configuration of heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) is used to achieve high power. T-type matching network is used as input matching network. To increase the bandwidth, the output matching networks are implemented using the two L-networks.

Findings
By using the proposed method, the stacked PA demonstrates a maximum saturated output power of 26.2 dBm, a compact chip size of 1.17 × 0.59 mm2 and a maximum power-added efficiency of 46.3 per cent. The PA shows a wideband small signal gain with less than 3 dB variation over working frequency. The saturated output power of the proposed PA is higher than 25 dBm between 4.2 and 5.4 GHz.

Originality/value
The technology adopted for the design of the 4.2-to-5.4 GHz stacked PA is the 2-µm gallium arsenide HBT process. Based on the proposed method, a better power performance of 3 dB improvement can be achieved as compared with the conventional CE or common-source amplifier because of high output stacking impedance.
Estimation of optimal cutting conditions during machining of CP-Ti grade 2 in fuzzy–VIKOR context
Authors: Khan Akhtar , Maity Kalipada 
Published: March 2020

PurposeTo explore a hybrid approach in order to attain optimal cutting conditions proficient of generating adequate dimensional accuracy in combination with virtuous surface finish during turning of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) grade 2.Design/methodology/approachIn the present paper, an application of the hybrid fuzzy–VIKOR method has been proposed to estimate an optimal combination of process variables during turning of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) grade 2. Three distinct input factors, namely, cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut, were selected, each varied at three levels. Thus, a series of experiments were performed based on Taguchi's 3-factor-3-level (L27) orthogonal array. The major attention was given to acquire minimum cutting force and flank wear along with good surface finish. The adequacy of the proposed methodology was verified with the help of ANOVA test.FindingsThe results of the investigation revealed that the suggested hybrid technique is quite effective, easily understandable and time-saving approach, which can be successfully implemented to solve various problems either of similar or of different kinds.Originality/valueIncreasing demand of qualitative as well as low cost products is identified as the main challenging task in the current competitive market. Therefore, estimation and selection of the most suitable machining environment are of paramount importance in a real-time manufacturing system. Machining process involves both qualitative and quantitative factors, may be conflicting in nature, all to be considered together. Consequently, an appropriate combination of the machining variables is evidently desirable to meet the aforesaid challenges effectively.
Performance of combined spectral collocation method and artificial compressibility method for 3D incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer
Authors: Zhang Jing-Kui , Cui Miao , Li Ben-Wen , Sun Ya-Song 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a combined method for three-dimensional incompressible flow and heat transfer by the spectral collocation method (SCM) and the artificial compressibility method (ACM), and further to study the performance of the combined method SCM-ACM for three-dimensional incompressible flow and heat transfer.

Design/methodology/approach
The partial differentials in space are discretized by the SCM with Chebyshev polynomial and Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobbatto collocation points. The unsteady artificial compressibility equations are solved to obtain the steady results by the ACM. Three-dimensional exact solutions with trigonometric function form and exponential function form are constructed to test the accuracy of the combined method.

Findings
The SCM-ACM is developed successfully for three-dimensional incompressible flow and heat transfer with high accuracy that the minimum value of variance can reach. The accuracy increases exponentially along with time marching steps. The accuracy is also improved exponentially with the increasing of nodes before stable accuracy is achieved, while it keeps stably with the increasing of the time step. The central processing unit time increases exponentially with the increasing of nodes and decreasing of the time step.

Research limitations/implications
It is difficult for the implementation of the implicit scheme by the developed SCM-ACM. The SCM-ACM can be used for solving unsteady impressible fluid flow and heat transfer.

Practical implications
The SCM-ACM is applied for two classic cases of lid-driven cavity flow and natural convection in cubic cavities. The present results show good agreement with the published results with much fewer nodes.

Originality/value
The combined method SCM-ACM is developed, firstly, for solving three-dimensional incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer by the SCM and ACM. The performance of SCM-ACM is investigated. This combined method provides a new choice for solving three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer with high accuracy.
Energy-saving parameterized design of buildings based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Zhang Kele 
Published: March 2020

PurposeWith the problem of environment and energy becoming prominent, energy conservation and emission reduction have received more attention. In the using process, buildings not only have the inherent energy consumption but also have the energy consumption of equipment that is installed for improving the indoor environment. This study aims to investigate how to reduce the energy consumption of buildings through utilizing natural resources.Design/methodology/approachThis paper briefly introduces three objective functions in the building energy-saving model: building energy consumption, natural lighting and natural ventilation. Genetic algorithm was used to optimize the building parameters to achieve energy conservation and comfort improvement. Then a two-story rental building was analyzed.FindingsThe genetic algorithm converged to Pareto optimal solution set after 10,000 times of iterations, which took 61024 s. The lowest energy consumption of the scheme that was selected from the 70 optimal solutions was 5580 W/(m2K), the lighting coefficient was 5.56% and Pressure Difference Pascal Hours (PDPH) was 6453 h; compared with the initial building parameters, the building energy consumption reduced by 3.40%, the lighting coefficient increased by 11.65% and PDPH increased by 9.54%.Originality/valueIn short, the genetic algorithm can effectively optimize the energy-saving parameters of buildings.
Experiencing time in prison: the influence of books, libraries and reading
Authors: Garner Jane 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore the influence of books, libraries and reading on the experience of time within the prison environment.Design/methodology/approachUsing semi-structured interviews with Australian adult prisoners, and a phenomenological data analysis method, the researcher has been able to identify lived experiences that explain how books, libraries and reading influence the experience of time, within a prison environment.FindingsPrisoners' experience of time differs from the experience of time outside prison. Unlike readers and library users outside prison, prisoners are motivated to use books, libraries and reading to pass time. They are using books, libraries and reading to assist in their struggle to manage the negative effects of excessive quantities of unstructured time.Research limitations/implicationsResearch regarding the motivation to read and use libraries in the general population does not identify the desire to pass time as a factor. In contrast, the current study identifies readers and library users in prisons are strongly motivated to read and visit libraries as a means of passing time. This study adds a new understanding of the motivation to read and visit libraries within prison environments and provides insight into the beneficial influence of prison libraries on prisoner wellbeing.Originality/valueThis research contributes valuable new knowledge regarding the experience of time in prison, and the influence of books, libraries and reading on this experience.
Credit constraint and intra-country production reorganization – Evidence from the unorganized textile industry in Maharashtra
Authors: Dutta Meghna , Dhar Niladri Sekhar 
Published: March 2020

PurposeEvidence suggests that unorganized manufacturing units are extremely credit-starved. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of such credit unavailability for small firms, and to see if it has altered the erstwhile production organization in a way which has led to the withdrawal of the small firms from both input and output market, leading to increased production outsourcing between the formal and informal firms.Design/methodology/approachBased on data collected from two textile clusters in Maharashtra, India, the study shows that credit unavailability has led small firms to increasingly work for bigger firms as outsourced units. The paper uses a measure of technology and productivity to undertake logistic regression and sub-sample regressions to confirm production reorganization resulting from credit unavailability. This would provide additional insights for standard measures of intra-country intra-industry tradeFindingsThe exclusion of the unorganized production units from the formal lending process has, over the years, led to a reorganization of the existing production structure, whereby the small firms are forced to work for bigger formal firms on piece-rate basis. To circumvent their credit issues, the small unorganized sector firms have increasingly started to work for bigger firms as outsourced units.Originality/valueThis is an original research work. The paper fulfils the identified need of addressing how the plaguing social issue of financial exclusion of unorganized firms has led to production reorganization.
君子 Junzi leadership in Singapore: governance and human capital development
Authors: Le Queux Stéphane , Kuah Adrian T.H. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper provides insights as to how a Confucian-inspired Junzi style of leadership translates into initiatives toward human capital development in Singapore. After reviewing tripartite governance in Singapore, we discuss the character of Confucian leadership: how does this value system inform the moral economy of the Singaporean corporatist model and inherently come to impact upon the conception and significance of human capital.Design/methodology/approachThe case approach was employed using multiple sources of secondary data, supplemented by interviews with high-profile informants in Singapore. Multiple sources led to data triangulation in presenting a mutually consistent set of evidence. The paper also draws from a longitudinal observation of Singapore's industrial relations and human resource development (HRD) policies over the last 10 years since the Global Financial Crisis.FindingsOrganized along two thematic areas: governance and human capital development, this paper proposes and finds that governance in Singapore displays an institutionalized form of Junzi leadership that translates into policymaking toward human capital development.Originality/valueThis paper brings about an Asian perspective of Junzi leadership toward management and governance. The Confucian value system intrinsic to tripartite governance provides an original heuristic lens that helps shed a light on the significance of human capital development in Singapore.
Utilization of recycled hazardous waste bagasse as reinforcement to develop green composite material
Authors: Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Dwivedi Garima 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
In the current scenario, air pollution and soil pollution from the industries wastes are one of the major problems all over the world. Further, disposal of these wastes from industries are very costly. However, several attempts were carried out by various researchers in the past to use these wastes. One of the most common waste products is bagasse from sugar industries. These hazardous bagasse wastes lead to air and soil pollution. This study aims to recycle bagasse waste in the development of aluminium base composite as partial replacement of ceramic particles.

Design/methodology/approach
In the present investigation, recycled bagasse waste was used in the development of aluminium base composite as partial replacement of ceramic particles such as SiC, Al2O3 and B4C. Production industries of these ceramic particles (SiC, B4C and Al2O3) emit huge amount of greenhouse gases such as N2O3, CH4, CO2 and H2O. These green house gases produce lots of environment problem. Furthermore, production of these ceramic particles is also costly. AA6061 aluminium alloy was taken as matrix material. Composite material was developed using the stir casting technique.

Findings
Microstructure results showed proper distribution of bagasse ash and MgO powder in the aluminium base metal matrix composite. It was notified from analysis that minimum corrosion loss and minimum porosity were found for Al/2.5% bagasse ash/12.5% MgO powder composite. For the same composition, hardness and thermal expansion were also observed better as compared to other selected compositions. However, density and cost of composites continuously decrease by increasing percentage of bagasse ash in development of composite.

Originality/value
Results showed about 11.30% improvement in tensile strength, 11.64% improvement in specific strength and 40% improvement in hardness by using bagasse ash as reinforcement with MgO powder in development of aluminium base composite.
Demonstrations, demoralization, and de‐policing
Authors: Marier Christopher J. , Fridell Lorie A. 
Published: March 2020

Research SummaryThis study examined relationships between public antipathy toward the police, demoralization, and de‐policing using pooled time‐series cross sections of 18,413 surveys from law enforcement officers in 87 U.S. agencies both before and after Ferguson and contemporaneous demonstrations. The results do not provide strong support for Ferguson Effects. Post‐Ferguson changes to job satisfaction, burnout, and cynicism (reciprocated distrust) were negligible. Although Post‐Ferguson officers issued fewer citations and conducted less foot patrol, effect sizes were minimal in magnitude. Cynicism, which was widespread both before and after Ferguson, was associated with reduced officer activity.Policy ImplicationsPost‐Ferguson protests in 2014 did not appreciably worsen police morale nor lead to substantial withdrawal from most police work, suggesting that the police institution is resilient to exogenous shocks. Low job satisfaction, however, was associated with fewer citations, and cynicism was negatively associated with both citations issued and community meeting attendance, indicating that agencies may need to address officer attitudes—irrespective of legitimacy crises—to promote proactive policing and community engagement.
Genome‐wide association studies for iris pigmentation and heterochromia patterns in Large White pigs
Authors: Moscatelli G. , Bovo S. , Schiavo G. , Mazzoni G. , Bertolini F. , Dall’Olio S. , Fontanesi L. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryEye colour genetics have been extensively studied in humans since the rediscovery of Mendel’s laws. This trait was first interpreted using simplistic genetic models but soon it was realised that it is more complex. In this study, we analysed eye colour variability in a Large White pig population (n = 897) and report the results of GWASs based on several comparisons including pigs having four main eye colour categories (three with both pigmented eyes of different brown grades: pale, 17.9%; medium, 14.8%; and dark, 54.3%; another one with both eyes completely depigmented, 3.8%) and heterochromia patterns (heterochromia iridis – depigmented iris sectors in pigmented irises, 3.2%; heterochromia iridum – one whole eye iris of depigmented phenotype and the other eye with the iris completely pigmented, 5.9%). Pigs were genotyped with the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip and GEMMA was used for the association analyses. The results indicated that SLC45A2 (on chromosome 16, SSC16), EDNRB (SSC11) and KITLG (SSC5) affect the different grades of brown pigmentation of the eyes, the bilateral eye depigmentation defect and the heterochromia iridis defect recorded in this white pig population respectively. These genes are involved in several mechanisms affecting pigmentation. Significant associations for the eye depigmented patterns were also identified for SNPs on two SSC4 regions (including two candidate genes: NOTCH2 and PREX2) and on SSC6, SSC8 and SSC14 (including COL17A1 as candidate gene). This study provided useful information to understand eye pigmentation mechanisms, further valuing the pig as animal model to study complex phenotypes in humans.