bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predators, fire or resources: What drives the distribution of herbivores in fragmented mesic forests?
Authors: Geary William L. , Hradsky Bronwyn A. , Robley Alan , Wintle Brendan A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTrophic interactions and disturbance events can shape the structure and function of ecosystems. However, the effects of drivers such as predation, fire and climatic variables on species distributions are rarely considered concurrently. We used a replicated landscape‐scale predator management experiment to compare the effects of red foxVulpes vulpescontrol, time‐since‐fire, vegetation type and other environmental variables on native herbivore distributions. Occurrence data for four native herbivores and an invasive predator – the red fox – were collected from 240 sites across three baited (for lethal fox control) and three unbaited forest blocks (4659–9750 ha) in south‐western Victoria, Australia, and used to build species distribution models. The herbivore taxa were as follows: red‐necked wallabyMacropus rufogriseus, black wallabyWallabia bicolour, grey kangarooMacropus fuligenosusandMacropus giganteusand common brushtail possumTrichosurus vulpecula. Fox control and fire had little effect on herbivore occurrence, despite the literature suggesting it can influence abundance, while climate, proximity to farmland and topography were more influential. This may be because the region’s high productivity and agricultural pastures subsidise food resources for both predators and prey within the forest blocks and so dampen trophic interactions. Alternatively, these drivers may affect herbivore abundance, but not herbivore occurrence. Understanding the drivers of herbivore distributions is an important step in predicting the effects of herbivory on other species, particularly after management interventions such as predator control and prescribed burns.
The effect of temperature on the stability of sodium hypochlorite in a continuous chelation mixture containing the chelator clodronate
Authors: Wright Patricia P. , Kahler Bill , Walsh Laurence J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the stability of continuous chelation mixtures of clodronate admixed with sodium hypochlorite at room temperature (23°C), at root canal temperature (34–35°C) and in refrigerated storage (2–4°C). In continuous chelation, one solution containing a chelator and sodium hypochlorite simultaneously disinfects and removes organic matter and smear layer. This technique is thought to enhance antimicrobial action and debris removal. However, hypochlorite stability and free available chlorine (FAC) levels may decline with elevated temperature and through chemical interactions with the chelator, thus reducing the therapeutic window of these mixtures. Employing iodometric titration, the FAC for clodronate–hypochlorite mixtures was measured at 34–35°C, 23°C and 2–4°C. Clodronate–hypochlorite solutions were stable for 180 min at 34–35°C. When kept at 2–4°C over 3 months, they maintain 95% of the FAC compared with baseline. It was concluded that the therapeutic window of clodronate–hypochlorite mixtures is unaffected at root canal temperature.
Intraocular pharmacokinetics of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor agents by intraoperative subretinal versus intravitreal injection in silicone oil‐filled eyes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Yao Teng‐teng , Yang Yuan , Jin Xiao‐liang , Wang Yi‐xiao , Zhou Ya‐li , Xu A‐jing , He Fang‐lin , Wang Zhao‐yang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeIntraoperative subretinal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections have been used clinically in some case, but the pharmacokinetic characteristics have not yet been determined. In this pilot study, we investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of anti‐VEGF agents by intraoperative subretinal or intravitreal injection in silicone oil (SiO)‐filled eyes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).MethodsRandomized controlled trial including 13 patients (16 eyes) with PDR underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with SiO tamponade and randomly received a subretinal (8 eyes) or intravitreal (8 eyes) conbercept injection (0.5 mg/0.05 ml) intraoperatively. Aqueous humour (AH) was obtained on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after the injection. Drug concentrations in the AH were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The last best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was examined 6 months postoperatively.ResultsThe clearance rate of anti‐VEGF agents by subretinal injection was reduced in vitrectomized eyes with SiO tamponade (p < 0.05). With the same drug dose, subretinal injection (5.49 ± 6.11 μg/ml) resulted in higher drug concentrations in the AH when compared with intravitreal injection (0.42 ± 0.46 μg/ml, p = 0.001) 4 weeks after the treatment. The mean residence time last (MRT0‐t) by subretinal injection (11.57 ± 0.83 days) was significantly longer than the mean MRT0‐t by intravitreal injection (7.10 ± 1.00 days, p < 0.001). A self‐paired analysis showed that subretinal injection led to the BCVA improvement by +28.59 letters 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.028) while the BCVA did not improve significantly by intravitreal injection (p = 0.715).ConclusionsThe drug maintenance phase was prolonged by intraoperative subretinal injection in SiO‐filled eyes of PDR. The results suggest that subretinal injection might be a valuable treatment option for the management of PDR.
Intraspecific differentiation and sexual dimorphism in giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus Blumenbach, 1799; Artiodactyla, Cervidae) skulls found in Serbia
Authors: Paunović Gordana , Bogićević Katarina , Urošević Aleksandar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe conducted a study of intraspecific differentiation and sexual dimorphism in skulls of giant deer found in Serbia by employing methods of geometric morphometrics. The sample consisted of nine males (seven belonging to Megaloceros giganteus cf. ruffii and two belonging to subspecies M. giganteus cf. giganteus) and two females (both classified as M. giganteus cf. ruffii), photographed in ventral and lateral views. The statistical analyses did find significant shape differences between possible subspecies and sexes for the lateral cranium view but not for the ventral. Possible subspecies differed in the overall skull robustness. Sexual shape dimorphism consisted of transition from higher and elongated skulls in females, to more robust and dorsoventrally flattened skulls in males. The allometry was not proven to be statistically significant, but the shape changes related to size variation could be visually described. Some of the shape differences related to sexual dimorphism can be interpreted as an adaptation for bearing large antlers in males. Even with small sample size, we got statistically supported differences between possible subspecies and sexual shape dimorphism in the lateral view of the giant deer skull. In analyses that showed no statistical support, methods of geometric morphometrics still provided good visualization of shape variation.
Long non‐coding RNA LOC100133669 promotes cell proliferation in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Guan Zhuzhu , Wang Yali , Wang Yu , Liu Xiaoxu , Wang Yan , Zhang Weimin , Chi Xinming , Dong Yan , Liu Xuefeng , Shao Shujuan , Zhan Qimin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesLOC100133669 is a lncRNA whose function during tumorigenesis remains unclear now. Thus, we aimed to explore its clinical significance and function in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Materials and MethodsISH was used to detect LOC100133669 expression in ESCC tissues. The full‐length LOC100133669 was identified by using RACE assay. Subcellular distribution of LOC100133669 was examined by nuclear/cytoplasmic RNA fractionation and qPCR. The role of LOC100133669 in ESCC cell growth was determined by colony formation, MTT and flow cytometry experiments in vitro, as well as xenograft tumour experiment in vivo. RNA pull‐down assay was performed to find LOC100133669‐interacted protein, which was further examined by RIP, IP, Western blot and rescue experiments.ResultsLOC100133669 was upregulated in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent non‐tumour tissues. High LOC100133669 expression was associated with poor prognosis of patients with ESCC. We defined LOC100133669 to be 831 nt in length and mainly localized in the cytoplasm of ESCC cells. Knockdown of LOC100133669 inhibited ESCC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, while overexpression of LOC100133669 showed the opposite effects. Furthermore, LOC100133669 could bind to Tim50 and upregulated its protein level through inhibiting ubiquitination. Overexpression of Tim50 in part abolished the LOC100133669 depletion–caused inhibitory effect on ESCC cell proliferation.ConclusionsLOC100133669 plays an oncogenic role in ESCC and may serve as a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
S3‐Leitlinie „Aktinische Keratose und Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut“ – Kurzfassung, Teil 1: Diagnostik, Interventionen bei aktinischen Keratosen, Versorgungsstrukturen und Qualitätsindikatoren
Authors: Heppt Markus V. , Leiter Ulrike , Steeb Theresa , Amaral Teresa , Bauer Andrea , Becker Jürgen C. , Breitbart Eckhard , Breuninger Helmut , Diepgen Thomas , Dirschka Thomas , Eigentler Thomas , Flaig Michael , Follmann Markus , Fritz Klaus , Greinert Rüdiger , Gutzmer Ralf , Hillen Uwe , Ihrler Stephan , John Swen Malte , Kölbl Oliver , Kraywinkel Klaus , Löser Christoph , Nashan Dorothée , Noor Seema , Nothacker Monika , Pfannenberg Christina , Salavastru Carmen , Schmitz Lutz , Stockfleth Eggert , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Ulrich Claas , Welzel Julia , Wermker Kai , Berking Carola , Garbe Claus 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungAktinische Keratosen (AK) sind häufige Hautveränderungen bei hellhäutigen Menschen mit dem Potenzial, in ein kutanes Plattenepithelkarzinom (PEK) überzugehen. Beide Erkrankungen können mit erheblicher Morbidität verbunden sein und stellen eine große Krankheitslast insbesondere in der älteren Bevölkerung dar. Um eine evidenzbasierte, klinische Entscheidungsfindung zu unterstützen, wurde die Leitlinie “Aktinische Keratose und Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut” auf der Methodikebene S3 nach dem Regelwerk der AWMF entwickelt. Die Leitlinie richtet sich dabei an Dermatologen, Allgemeinmediziner, HNO‐Ärzte, Chirurgen, Onkologen, Radiologen und Strahlentherapeuten in Klinik und Praxis sowie an andere medizinische Fachgebiete, die sich mit der Diagnose und Behandlung von Patienten mit AK und PEK befassen. Die Leitlinie richtet sich auch an betroffene Patienten, deren Angehörige, politische Entscheidungsträger und Versicherungsgesellschaften. In diesem Teil behandeln wir die Themen Diagnostik, Interventionen bei AK, Versorgungsstrukturen und Qualitätsindikatoren.
Better safe than sorry: The response to a simulated predator and unfamiliar scent by the European hare
Authors: Mayer Martin , Fog Bjerre Dagmar Hedvig , Sunde Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPredator presence can create a “landscape of fear,” which is defined as the spatially explicit distribution of perceived predation risk as seen by prey. Prey species can alter their behavior and space use as a response to increased predation risk, which might be traded off with energetic requirements. Thus, whether or not an anti‐predator behavior is performed might depend on the perceived risk. In this study, we investigated the behavioral and spatial response of the European hare (Lepus europaeus) toward the presence of a predator scent, using red fox (Vulpes vulpes) scat, an unfamiliar control scent (butyric acid), and a true control (no scent). We collected data on hare activity times and behavior using 50 camera trap locations and spatial data using GPS telemetry (30,481 GPS positions of 12 hares). Hares showed spatial anti‐predator behaviors within their home range, for example, the local avoidance of areas treated with scent and remaining further from field edges, in response to sympatric predator scent and partly also in response to unfamiliar butyric acid. Conversely, more costly anti‐predator behaviors, that is, increased vigilance at the expense of foraging, were only shown in response to the predator scent. Our results suggest that prey species respond flexibly toward scent cues, utilizing less costly anti‐predator behaviors independent of the perceived threat, whereas costly anti‐predator responses are only used in the presence of “real” threat. Further, our findings emphasize that a combination of camera trap and GPS data can provide detailed information on animal behavior and space use, and caution that interpretation of one data source alone might lead to incomplete conclusions.
An online survey investigating perceived prevalence and treatment options for stereotypic behaviours in horses and undesirable behaviours associated with handling and riding
Authors: Carroll S. L. , Sykes B. W. , Mills P. C. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn the horse, inappropriate management and training, as well as pain, frustration, fear and anxiety can result in undesirable behaviours. Common undesirable behaviours include pawing, striking, rearing, kicking, bolting, bucking, shying, napping, freezing, biting and bite threats, as well as a range of oral and locomotive stereotypic behaviours. Many of these behaviours are dangerous for the human handlers and can be unhealthy and harmful for the horse; for safety and welfare reasons, they must be rapidly addressed. An online survey was completed by 943 horse industry participants from 31 countries. The survey was conducted to gain greater insight into the perceived prevalence of undesirable behaviours in horses; options considered in the management of horses displaying undesirable behaviours; attitudes towards the use of prescription and over‐the‐counter (OTC) behaviour‐modifying agents; and owner attitudes towards the role of veterinarians and equine behaviourists. The results of this survey suggest that undesirable behaviours are common. Agents with a nonspecific sedating effect were the most common agents suggested by veterinarians and used by horse‐owners. Horse‐owners indicated a greater use of α2 agonists for the management of undesirable behaviours associated with riding horses. Many owners in this survey indicated they would consider seeking advice from veterinarians (83.2%) and behaviourists (58.0%) if they had a horse that was ‘consistently difficult or uncooperative to handle or ride’. The majority (97.3%) of nonveterinarian equine behaviourists would seek the input of a veterinarian to investigate physical causes for undesirable horse behaviour. Twenty‐two percent of veterinarians would refer a case to a behaviour expert to address the behavioural component, whilst most veterinarians (77.6%) would devise a behaviour modification and retraining programme themselves. It is hoped that information from this survey can be used to improve existing horse management practices and have a positive impact on animal welfare.
Marketing insects: can exploiting a commercial framework help promote undervalued insect species?
Authors: Hart Adam G. , Sumner Seirian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract1. The potential decline of insects and their contribution to ecosystem services is a matter of immense concern. 2. Reversing the current degradation of the natural world will require substantial attitudinal and behavioural shifts, but for this to occur people will need to buy‐in to decisions and choices that may be less desirable than those they currently make. 3. People will also need to appreciate the importance of ecosystems, habitats and species that are currently regarded as uncharismatic, including of course a great many insects and other invertebrates. To do this requires a radical shift in our approach to marketing the natural world in general and insects in particular. 4. We propose adopting the approach used so successfully in commercial marketing; the 4Ps framework (product, price, place and promotion). We outline examples of how this would result in more informed and effective ways to market biodiversity, expanding focus away from species traditionally considered charismatic. The public perception of insects, a group that includes some of the most loved and many of the most disliked taxa on the planet, could potentially be substantially improved by the use of this approach. 5. If such a marketing strategy can raise their perceived value, it follows that the public may care more about insects and empower conservation action.
Glowing, glowing, gone? Monitoring long‐term trends in glow‐worm numbers in south‐east England
Authors: Gardiner Tim , Didham Raphael K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The glow‐worm Lampyris noctiluca (Linnaeus, 1767) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) is thought to be declining in the United Kingdom. Yet, much of the evidence for this is anecdotal, with a shortage of standardised long‐term data to investigate temporal changes in abundance.
We present an 18‐year time series of standardised transect surveys for glowing adult females at 19 sites within south‐east England (Essex) from 2001 to 2018.
We used generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs) to control for varying sampling effort, temporal autocorrelation, non‐stationarity of seasonal phenology and non‐linearity of temporal trajectories across sites.
We found a significant long‐term reduction in counts of glowing female glow‐worms, after accounting for a significant shift in seasonal phenology across years, and a negative effect of warmer climatic conditions on glow‐worm abundance. Average glowing counts in south‐east England declined by ca. −3.5% per annum from 2001 to 2018, and this result held true even after a range of sensitivity tests to account for potential methodological artefacts in citizen science data collection.
Temporal trajectories in abundance were strikingly out of phase across the 19 sites, suggesting that local‐scale factors in addition to climate are driving greater reduction in numbers at some sites than others.
These standardised surveys present the first quantitative evidence that numbers of glow‐worms could well be declining in the United Kingdom. There is a clear signal of climate warming and drying effects on glow‐worm numbers, but a substantially greater proportion of variation in glowing female counts is explained by local‐scale site factors, such as unmanaged scrub encroachment. Conservation strategies that can mitigate local population losses could be an essential buffer against climate‐driven declines in south‐east England.
Management of patients with interrupted inferior vena cava requiring electrophysiology procedures
Authors: Hanley Alan , Bode Weeranun D. , Heist E. Kevin , Leyton‐Mange Jordan , Chatterjee Neal , Chokshi Moulin , Ha Grace , Ruskin Jeremy , Mela Theofanie , Yamada Kei , Mansour Moussa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare venous anomaly that complicates the treatment of patients who require electrophysiology (EP) procedures.MethodsWe describe five consecutive cases of patients with interrupted IVC who presented to the EP laboratory requiring interventional procedures including catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia and left atrial appendage closure. All cases were successfully completed utilizing a variety of approaches to vascular access including transseptal puncture via transhepatic and internal jugular approaches.ConclusionProcedures in the EP lab can be performed successfully in patients with interrupted IVC.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channels as therapeutic targets in diabetes and diabetes‐related complications
Authors: Hu Wei , Ding Yuanlin , Li Qingqing , shi Rou , He Yuqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith an estimated 425 million diabetes patients worldwide in 2019, type 2 diabetes has reached a pandemic proportion and represents a major unmet medical need. A key determinant of the development and progression of type 2 diabetes is pancreatic ‐cell dysfunction, including the loss of cell mass, the impairment of insulin biosynthesis and inadequate exocytosis. Recent studies have shown that transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a Ca2+‐permeable non‐selective cation channel, is involved in ‐cell replication, insulin production and secretion. TRPV4 agonists have insulinotropic activity in pancreatic ‐cell lines, but the prolonged activation of TRPV4 leads to ‐cell dysfunction and death. In addition, TRPV4 is involved in a wide variety of pathophysiological activities, and has been reported to play an important role in diabetes‐related complications, such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. In a rodent type 2 diabetes model, Trpv4 agonists promote vasodilation and improve cardiovascular function, whereas Trpv4 antagonists reduce high‐fat diet‐induced obesity, insulin resistance, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. These findings raise interest in using TRPV4 as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. In this review, we intend to summarize the latest findings regarding the role of TRPV4 in diabetes as well as diabetes‐related conditions, and to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target for diabetes and diabetes‐related diseases.
The effect of interprofessional education on healthcare providers' intentions to engage in interprofessional shared decision‐making: Perspectives from the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Keshmiri Fatemeh , Rezai Mahdi , Tavakoli Nader 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of interprofessional education on healthcare providers' intentions to engage in an interprofessional shared decision‐making (IP‐SDM) process at emergency department and exploring the affecting factors on their intentions.MethodsWe conducted the study through a sequential explanatory mixed method (quantitative‐qualitative) design. All ED residents and nurses from two university hospitals were invited and assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group was exposed to case‐based learning sessions conducted by applying interprofessional strategies. The intentions of the participants engaged in IP‐SDM were assessed before and 2 weeks after the intervention by a questionnaire designed based on the theory of planned behaviour. The questionnaire scores were compared between the intervention and control groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Partial eta‐squared (η2) was used for effect size calculations in ANCOVA. Subsequently, to explore the affecting factors in engagement in IP‐SDM, qualitative data were collected through semi‐structured individual interviews. The inductive content analysis approach by Elo and Kyngas was employed to analyze the qualitative data.ResultsOut of 117 potentially eligible healthcare professionals, 113 completed the study in the intervention (n = 55) and control (n = 58) groups. The results showed that the difference between the mean scores of the learners in the intervention (1.41 ± 0.27) and control (0.80 ± 0.52) groups was statistically significant (P‐value = .00001). The main effect of the intervention and a large educational effect size for the intervention were found to be statistically significant F (1, 11) = 180.54, P‐value = .00001, η2 = 0.62. The qualitative data analysis showed two main categories of “team‐based facilitators” and “contextual challenges” as the main affecting factors in the engagement of participant in IP‐SDM.ConclusionOur findings suggested that applying interprofessional education strategies could improve the learners' intention to engage in IP‐SDM. Moreover, the results showed that the interprofessional collaboration among team members, adherence to the team‐based care principles, and administrative support at different levels could be the influential factors the intentions of the participants to engage in IP‐SDM.