bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of children with primary tracheobronchial tumors and SVM model in mucoepidermoid carcinoma Prediction
Authors: Zhang Chen , Fu Wenlong , Dai Jihong , Li Yonggang , Tang Xingye , Ma Xiaofeng , Geng Gang , Li Ying , Yang Ting , Yan Li , Liu Jingyue , Liu Zheng , Yuan Xiaoping , Tian Daiyin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective

To determine the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of primary tracheobronchial tumors (PTT) in children.
Methods

The medical records of children with PTT who were hospitalized at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 1995 through January 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical features, imaging, and bronchoscopic manifestations, treatment, and outcomes of these patients were summarized.
Results

Sixteen children were hospitalized with PTT during the study period: five (31.3%) with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (ME), three (18.8%) with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT), two (12.5%) with sarcoma, two (12.5%) with papillomatosis, and one (6.3%) each with carcinoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), hemangioma, and schwannoma. Among them, ME was the most common type of tumor, and we used some statistical and machine learning techniques to predict ME, such as Gaussian naïve Bayes model, SVM(support vector machine) model, and decision tree model. The median age at diagnosis of PPTs was 9.3 years (range, 3–15 years), and the main clinical symptoms were cough (81.3%), breathlessness (50%), wheezing (43.8%), progressive dyspnea (37.5%), hemoptysis (37.5%), and fever (25%). The most frequent complication on chest imaging was atelectasis (56.3%), followed by bronchiectasis (25%) and emphysema (12.5%). Of the 16 patients, seven underwent surgical treatment, eight underwent bronchoscopic tumor resection, and one died. Of the 11 children followed-up, three experienced recurrence, including two who underwent subsequent tracheotomies, both of whom have varying degrees of post-activity shortness of breath. The other eight patients did not experience recurrence. No deaths were observed during follow-up.
Conclusion

PTTs are very rare in children, with ME having the highest incidence. And the SVM model showed high accuracy with respect to identifying ME. Chest CT and bronchoscopy can diagnose PTT effectively. Surgery is the treatment of choice, although bronchoscopic intervention can achieve good results in patients with unresectable tumors. The prognosis of the 11 followed-up children was good.
Establishment of an immune-related gene pairs model to predict colon adenocarcinoma prognosis
Authors: Luo Jihang , Liu Puyu , Wang Leibo , Huang Yi , Wang Yuanyan , Geng Wenjing , Chen Duo , Bai Yuju , Yang Ze 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Colon cancer is the most common type of gastrointestinal cancer and has high morbidity and mortality. Colon adenocarcinoma(COAD) is the main pathological type of colon cancer. There is a lot of evidence describing the correlation between the prognosis of COAD and the immune system. The objective of the current study was the development of a robust prognostic immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) model for estimating overall survival of COAD. Methods The gene expression profiles and clinical information of patients with colon adenocarcinoma come from TCGA and GEO databases and are divided into training and validation cohorts. Immune genes were selected which show significantly association with prognosis. Results Among 1647 immune genes, a 17 IRGPs model was built which was significantly associated with OS in the training cohort. In the training and validation data set, the IRGPs model divided patients into high-risk groups and low-risk groups, and the prognosis of the high-risk group was significantly worse( P <0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis confirmed the feasibility of this model. Functional analysis confirmed that multiple tumor progression and stem cell growth-related pathways in high-risk groups were up-regulated. T cells regulatory and Macrophage M0 were significantly highly expressed in the high-risk group. Conclusion We successfully constructed an IRGPs model that can predict the prognosis of COAD, which provides new insights into the treatment strategy of COAD.
Attitude and perceptions towards&nbsp;COVID-19 among pregnant women in Singapore: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Lee Ryan Wai Kheong , Ling Loy See , Liying Yang , Yen Jerry Chan Kok , Kok Tan Lay 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background COVID-19 may predispose pregnant women to higher risks of severe disease and poorer neonatal outcome. Psychological sequalae of this pandemic may pose a greater conundrum than its clinical aspects. It is currently unknown that how pregnant women cope with this global pandemic and its ramifications. The aims of the study are to understand the attitude and perceptions of non-infected pregnant women towards the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore. Methods An online cross-sectional survey of COVID-19 awareness among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Singapore was conducted. An internet link was provided to complete an online electronic survey on Google platform using a quick response (QR) code on mobile devices. The online survey consists of 34 questions that were categorized into 4 main sections, namely 1) social demographics 2) attitude on safe distancing measures 3) precaution practices and 4) perceptions of COVID-19. Results A total of 167 survey responses were obtained over eight weeks from April to June 2020. The majority of women were aged ≤35 years (76%, n=127), were of Chinese ethnicity (55%, n=91), attained tertiary education (62%, n=104) and were not working as frontline staff (70%). Using multiple linear regression models, Malay ethnicity (vs. Chinese, β 0.24; 95% CI 0.04, 0.44) was associated with higher frequency of practicing social distancing. Malay women (β 0.48; 95% CI 0.16, 0.80) and those who worked as frontline staff (β 0.28; 95% CI 0.01, 0.56) sanitized their hands at higher frequencies. Age of ≥36 years (vs. ≤30 years, β 0.24; 95% CI 0.01, 0.46), Malay (vs. Chinese, β 0.27; 95% CI 0.06, 0.48) and Indian ethnicity (vs. Chinese, β 0.41; 95% CI 0.02, 0.80), and attendance at high-risk clinic (vs. general clinic, β 0.20; 95% CI 0.01, 0.39) were associated with higher frequency of staying-at-home.Conclusion It is important for clinicians to render appropriate counselling and focused clarification on the effect of COVID-19 among pregnant women for psychological support and mental wellbeing.
Geographic distribution of family physicians in Japan and the United States: a cross-sectional international comparative study
Authors: Okazaki Yuji , Yoshida Shuhei , Kashima Saori , Koike Soichi , Matsumoto Masatoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Family physicians are known to distribute more equally among the population than other physicians. The maturity of family medicine, i.e. the length of its history as a part of healthcare system and the population of qualified family medicine experts, may affect the distribution, but this has not been shown in the literature. This study compares the geographic distribution of family physicians in Japan and the United States (U.S.), both of which are developed countries without a physician allocation system by the public sector, but the two countries differ greatly in the maturity of family medicine as a clinical specialty.Methods: This is a cross-sectional international comparative study using publicly available online database on the number of physicians in Japan (Board-certification Database of Japan Primary Care Association, and Survey of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare) and the U.S. (Area Resource File by Health Resources and Services Administration). The municipalities in Japan and counties in the U.S. were divided into quintile groups according to population density. The number of family physicians per unit population in each group of areas was calculated. The geographic distribution of all physicians in Japan was simulated assuming that the proportion of family physicians among all physicians in Japan (0.16%) was increased to that in the U.S (11.8%).Results: The distribution of family physicians in Japan noticeably shifted to the areas with the lowest population density. In contrast, family physicians in the U.S. distributed equally across areas. The distribution of physicians with other specialties (general internists, pediatricians, surgeons and obstetricians/gynecologists) shifted heavily to the areas with highest population density in both countries. The simulation analysis showed the geographic maldistribution of all physicians improved substantially if the proportion of family physicians in Japan increases to that in the U.S. Conclusion: The distribution of family physicians is more equal than other medical specialists, and the immaturity of family medicine can even lead to a rural-biased distribution. In a country with emerging family medicine such as Japan, increasing the number of family physicians may effectively mitigate the urban-rural imbalance of physician supply.
Evaluating the efficacy of intra-articular injections of platelet rich plasma (PRP) in rheumatoid arthritis patients and its impact on inflammatory cytokines, disease activity and quality of life.
Authors: Saif Dalia S. , Hegazy Nagwa N. , Zahran Enas S. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Among rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA), general disease activity is well regulated by diseasemodifying anti-rheumatic medications (DMARDS), but sometimes local inflammation still persists among a few joints.
Adjuvant modern molecular interventions as Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) with a suggested down regulating effect on
inflammatory mediators has a proven effect in management of RA.
We aim to evaluate the therapeutic effect of intra-articular PRP versus steroid in RA patients and their impact on
inflammatory cytokines IL1B , TNF α, local joint inflammation, disease activity and quality of life (QL).

Methods:
Open labeled parallel randomized control clinical trial was carried out on 60 RA patients randomly divided into
2 groups, Group 1: included 30 patients received 3 intra-articular injections of PRP at monthly interval, Group 2: included
30 patients received single intra-articular injection of steroid. They were subjected to clinical, laboratory, serum IL1B and
TNF α assessment at baseline and at 3, 6 months post injection.

Results:
Patients of both groups showed improvements in their scores of evaluating tools at 3months post injection and
this improvement was persistent in the PRP group up to 6 months post injection while it was continued only for 3 months
in the steroid group.

Conclusions:
PRP is a safe, effective and useful therapy in treating RA patients who had insufficient response and
persistent pain and inflammation in just one or two joints through its down regulating effect on inflammatory cytokines
IL1B, TNF α with subsequent improvement of local joint inflammation, disease activity and QL.
Determination of Acotiamide in Human Plasma by LC-MS/MS and its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Sun Qian , Yang Yu-fei , Zou Qiao-gen , Xia Yun-yan , Han Cheng-qun 
Published: November 2020

Background:
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS)
method had been developed for the quantification of acotiamide in rat plasma and been applied to
pharmacokinetic studies. However, there was no LC-MS/MS method been developed for the determination
of acotiamide in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic study.

Objective:
A simple and fast LC-MS/MS method was established and validated for the quantification of acotiamide in
human Received: plasma and was applied to a pharmacokinetic study.

Methods:
Sample preparation was accomplished Revised: Accepted: through protein precipitation,
and chromatographic separation was achieved on a Welch, Ultimate XB-C18 column (2.1×50 mm,
3 μm) with a security guard cartridge C18 using a binary gradient with DOI: mobile phase A
(Methanol) and B (the solution of 10 mM Ammonium acetate with 0.1% Formic acid) at a flow
rate of 400 μL/min.

Results:
The retention time of acotiamide and its internal standard, acotiamide-d6 was 1.78 min
and 1.79 min, respectively. The total run time was 4.0 min. The method was developed and validated
over the concentration range of 0.500-100 ng/mL for acotiamide, with correlation coefficient
greater than 0.9987. The extraction recovery was more than 108.43% and the matrix effect was not
significant. The inter- and intra-day precisions were below 5.80% and accuracies ranged from 92.7
to 103.0%. Acotiamide was demonstrated to be stable in human plasma under the tested conditions.

Conclusion:
The validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic
profiles of acotiamide in human plasma after oral administration and has achieved satisfactory
results.
Distribution Characteristics of ANA and ANCA in Patients with Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Xun Chunhua 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Antinuclear antibody( ANA) and Antineutrophil autoantibodies(ANCA) are often used as markers for diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. In clinical practice, we found that ANA and ANCA were often occured in sera of pa-tients with hyperthyroidism.

Objective:
To discover the positive feature of anti-nuclear antibodies(ANA) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies（ANCA） in hyperthyroidism.

Materials and methods:
Sera samples from 171 patients with hyperthyroidism and 50 healthy controls, ANA and ANCA were detected with indirect immunofluorescence(IIF) method.

Results:
ANA and ANCA positive rates were higher in hyperthyroidism (33.9% and 29.2%,respectively )than that in con-trol(4.0% and 2.0%,respectively), the low titer (≤1:320)of ANA was dominated (86.2%) in 58 hyperthyroidism patients with positive ANA, the major pattern was homogeneous (48.3%) and speckled patterns (48.3%); the low titer (≤1:32) of ANCA was dominated(64.6%) in 50ANCA positive samples and the major pattern was perinuclear (p)ANCA(96%).

Conclusion:
The positive rates of ANA and ANCA were increased and mainly appeared low titer in hyperthyroidism, which supplement laboratory characteristics of hyperthyroidism.
The Effect of Cooperative Learning Group Investigation Type In Science With an Outdoor Learning System Approach on Problem Solving Skills and the Mastery of Concepts in Junior High School Student
Authors: Aini Fitri Nur 
Published: November 2020

The research aimed to know (1) the effect of the implementation cooperative learning group investigation type with an outdoor learning system on problem-solving skills, (2) the effect of the implementation cooperative learning group investigation type with an outdoor learning system on the mastery of concepts, and (3) the simultaneous effect of cooperative learning group investigation type with an outdoor learning system on problem-solving skills and the mastery of concepts. This research was a quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The population was the seventh-grade students of SMP N 2 Tempel. The sample selection technique used the purposive sampling technique; class of VIII C played as an experimental class and VIII D played as control class. The instruments on data collection used problem-solving tests and mastery of concept tests. The parametric test used in this research which was an independent sample t-test followed by effect size, and MANOVA. The results showed: (1) there was an effect of the implementation cooperative learning group investigation type with an outdoor learning system on problem-solving skills with poor category, (2) there was an effect of the implementation cooperative learning group investigation type with an outdoor learning system on the mastery of concepts with high effects, and (3) there was a simultaneous effect of cooperative learning group investigation type with an outdoor learning system on problem-solving skills and the mastery of concepts.
Perfil do administrador público no Brasil
Authors: Freitas Filho Floriano 
Published: November 2020

A sociedade é a síntese final das organizações que a compõem. O Estado, expressão formal da sociedade, é, pois, realidade historicamente constituída que se modifica com a evolução cultural de cada um de seus cidadãos. Nesse sentido, a organização Estado, por si só e pelas organizações que o compõem, é uma realidade cultural. Traçar o perfil do administrador público brasileiro é, pois, adentrar o campo da cultura. É pôr em evidência a ação criadora do homem, subordinando a natureza a seus fins, partindo da própria natureza.
A Comparative Morphological Approach to Class Maintaining Derivational Affixes in English and Kurdish
Authors: Qadir Muhsin Hama Saeed , Fakhry Abdulla Saza Ahmed 
Published: November 2020

This paper is a comparative morphological study of some class maintaining derivational affixes that do not alter the grammatical categories lexemes in Standard English and Central Kurdish from the standpoints of Generative Morphology. For the comparative analysis of the two languages, some of the derivational affixes that form new meanings from the existing lexemes and retain the grammatical categories of the newly derived lexemes have been classified. The main aim of the study is to identify the points of similarity and difference of class maintaining derivational affixes in both languages. The findings indicate that in the addition of nominal affixes, English and Kurdish are similar in that ‘concrete nouns’ could remain concrete nouns, as well as could convert into abstract nouns by adding certain affixes. In English, a prefix can also be added to a concrete noun to derive a new concrete noun, whereas in Kurdish, only a prefix can be added to an abstract noun to form a concrete noun. In the addition of adjectival affixes, both languages are similar in that adjectives can derive new adjectives by attaching some prefixes and some suffixes to the existing lexemes. In English, the cardinal numbers remain cardinals when the suffixes –teen and –ty are attached to them, whereas in Kurdish the only rare case can be seen when the suffix –a is attached to the two cardinal numerals hawt/ haft ‘seven’ and hašt ‘eight’. The suffixes –th in English and -(h)am and -(h)amin in Kurdish can be attached to the cardinal numbers to form the ordinal numbers.
Characterizing Emotional State Transitions During Prolonged Use of a Mindfulness and Meditation App: Observational Study
Authors: Athanas Argus , McCorrison Jamison , Campistron Julie , Bender Nick , Price Jamie , Smalley Susan , Schork Nicholas J 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe increasing demand for mental health care, a lack of mental health care providers, and unequal access to mental health care services have created a need for innovative approaches to mental health care. Digital device apps, including digital therapeutics, that provide recommendations and feedback for dealing with stress, depression, and other mental health issues can be used to adjust mood and ultimately show promise to help meet this demand. In addition, the recommendations delivered through such apps can also be tailored to an individual’s needs (ie, personalized) and thereby potentially provide greater benefits than traditional “one-size-fits-all” recommendations.ObjectiveThis study aims to characterize individual transitions from one emotional state to another during the prolonged use of a digital app designed to provide a user with guided meditations based on their initial, potentially negative, emotional state. Understanding the factors that mediate such transitions can lead to improved recommendations for specific mindfulness and meditation interventions or activities (MMAs) provided in mental health apps.MethodsWe analyzed data collected during the use of the Stop, Breathe & Think (SBT) mindfulness app. The SBT app prompts users to input their emotional state before and immediately after engaging with MMAs recommended by the app. Data were collected from more than 650,000 SBT users engaging in nearly 5 million MMAs. We limited the scope of our analysis to users with 10 or more MMA sessions that included at least 6 basal emotional state evaluations. Using clustering techniques, we grouped emotions recorded by individual users and then applied longitudinal mixed effect models to assess the associations between individual recommended MMAs and transitions from one group of emotions to another.ResultsWe found that basal emotional states have a strong influence on transitions from one emotional state to another after MMA engagement. We also found that different MMAs impact these transitions, and many were effective in eliciting a healthy transition but only under certain conditions. In addition, we observed gender and age effects on these transitions.ConclusionsWe found that the initial emotional state of an SBT app user determines the type of SBT MMAs that will have a favorable effect on their transition from one emotional state to another. Our results have implications for the design and use of guided mental health recommendations for digital device apps.
The Impact of COVID-19 Management Policies Tailored to Airborne SARS-CoV-2 Transmission: Policy Analysis
Authors: Telles Charles Roberto , Roy Archisman , Ajmal Mohammad Rehan , Mustafa Syed Khalid , Ahmad Mohammad Ayaz , de la Serna Juan Moises , Frigo Elisandro Pires , Rosales Manuel Hernández 
Published: November 2020

Background
Daily new COVID-19 cases from January to April 2020 demonstrate varying patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission across different geographical regions. Constant infection rates were observed in some countries, whereas China and South Korea had a very low number of daily new cases. In fact, China and South Korea successfully and quickly flattened their COVID-19 curve. To understand why this was the case, this paper investigated possible aerosol-forming patterns in the atmosphere and their relationship to the policy measures adopted by select countries.

Objective
The main research objective was to compare the outcomes of policies adopted by countries between January and April 2020. Policies included physical distancing measures that in some cases were associated with mask use and city disinfection. We investigated whether the type of social distancing framework adopted by some countries (ie, without mask use and city disinfection) led to the continual dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 (daily new cases) in the community during the study period.

Methods
We examined the policies used as a preventive framework for virus community transmission in some countries and compared them to the policies adopted by China and South Korea. Countries that used a policy of social distancing by 1-2 m were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of countries that implemented social distancing (1-2 m) only, and the second comprised China and South Korea, which implemented distancing with additional transmission/isolation measures using masks and city disinfection. Global daily case maps from Johns Hopkins University were used to provide time-series data for the analysis.

Results
The results showed that virus transmission was reduced due to policies affecting SARS-CoV-2 propagation over time. Remarkably, China and South Korea obtained substantially better results than other countries at the beginning of the epidemic due to their adoption of social distancing (1-2 m) with the additional use of masks and sanitization (city disinfection). These measures proved to be effective due to the atmosphere carrier potential of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Conclusions
Our findings confirm that social distancing by 1-2 m with mask use and city disinfection yields positive outcomes. These strategies should be incorporated into prevention and control policies and be adopted both globally and by individuals as a method to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.