bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VALES
Authors: Molina Juan , Ibar Edo , Godoy Nicolás , Escala Andrés , Michiyama Tomonari , Cheng Cheng , Hughes Thomas M. , Baes Maarten , Xue Yongquan , Michałowski Michał J. , van der Werf Paul , Jiang Xue-Jian 
Published: September 2020

Context. Spatially resolved observations of the ionized and molecular gas are critical for understanding the physical processes that govern the interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies. The observation of starburst systems is also important as they present extreme gas conditions that may help to test different ISM models. However, matched resolution imaging at ∼kpc scales for both ISM gas phases are usually scarce, and the ISM properties of starbursts still remain poorly understood.
Aims. We aim to study the morpho-kinematic properties of the ionized and molecular gas in three dusty starburst galaxies at z = 0.12−0.17 to explore the relation between molecular ISM gas phase dynamics and the star-formation activity.
Methods. We employ two-dimensional dynamical modelling to analyse Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimiter Array CO(1–0) and seeing-limited Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observations in the Near Infrared Paschen-α (Paα) observations, tracing the molecular and ionized gas morpho-kinematics at ∼kpc-scales. We use a dynamical mass model, which accounts for beam-smearing effects, to constrain the CO-to-H2 conversion factor and estimate the molecular gas mass content.
Results. One starburst galaxy shows irregular morphology, which may indicate a major merger, while the other two systems show disc-like morpho-kinematics. The two disc-like starbursts show molecular gas velocity dispersion values comparable with those seen in local luminous and ultra luminous infrared galaxies but in an ISM with molecular gas fraction and surface density values in the range of the estimates reported for local star-forming galaxies. We find that these molecular gas velocity dispersion values can be explained by assuming vertical pressure equilibrium. We also find that the star-formation activity, traced by the Paα emission line, is well correlated with the molecular gas content, suggesting an enhanced star-formation efficiency and depletion times of the order of ∼0.1−1 Gyr. We find that the star-formation rate surface density (ΣSFR) correlates with the ISM pressure set by self-gravity (Pgrav) following a power law with an exponent close to 0.8.
Conclusions. In dusty disc-like starburst galaxies, our data support the scenario in which the molecular gas velocity dispersion values are driven by the ISM pressure set by self-gravity and are responsible for maintaining the vertical pressure balance. The correlation between ΣSFR and Pgrav suggests that, in these dusty starbursts galaxies, the star-formation activity arises as a consequence of the ISM pressure balance.
Academisation of the Midwifery Profession and the Implementation of Higher Education in the Context of the New Requirements for Licensure
Authors: Graf Joachim , Simoes Elisabeth , Blaschke Sina , Plappert Claudia F. , Hill Janice , Riefert Marie-Jeannine , Abele Harald 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe academization of the midwifery profession poses great challenges for Germany, especially due to the tight timelines: Corresponding courses of study can in principle be offered at both universities and technical colleges – although contrary to the recommendations of the Science Council. This means that there is a heterogeneity in midwifery qualifications and promotes a discussion regarding coherent study concepts. This process must be accompanied with great care so that midwifery courses of study are not designed to be of poorer quality than other courses of study due to a lack of financial resources. First concepts are already available and will be discussed and examined below.
Existe associação entre o diagrama da parestesia da mão e a eletroneuromiografia no diagnóstico da Síndrome do Túnel do Carpo?
Authors: Paiva Filho Henver Ribeiro , Costa Antonio Carlos , Paiva Valdênia Graças Nascimento , Santos Diego Abad , Chakkour Ivan 
Published: September 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Verificar se existe associação entre o diagrama da parestesia da mão (DPM) e os resultados da eletroneuromiografia (ENMG) no diagnóstico da síndrome do túnel do carpo.
Métodos Um total de 92 pessoas preencheram um desenho esquemático da mão com o local exato da parestesia (167 mãos). O autor principal classificou os diagramas de acordo com os critérios de Katz et al. Os resultados do DPM foram cruzados com os resultados positivos da ENMG para o diagnóstico da síndrome do túnel do carpo.
Resultados O padrão possível do DPM foi prevalente tanto isoladamente quanto após o cruzamento com os graus da ENMG.
Conclusão Não houve associação entre o DPM e a ENMG no diagnóstico da síndrome do túnel do carpo.
Instabilidade multidirecional em uma luxação negligenciada do cotovelo gerenciada com reconstrução do ligamento circunferencial. Um relato de caso
Authors: Krishna Sathya Vamsi , Ballal Madan , BR Vivekanandea , HS Chandrahsekar 
Published: September 2020

ResumoA luxação negligenciada do cotovelo é uma condição incomum e seu tratamento permanece desafiador. Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de meia-idade que apresentou luxação negligenciada do cotovelo e instabilidade multidirecional, na qual foi realizada redução aberta da articulação do cotovelo e reconstrução ligamentar circunferencial com enxerto de tendão gracilis. O resultado funcional avaliado com o índice de desempenho do cotovelo de Mayo foi excelente. Essa técnica circunferencial é, sem dúvida, uma técnica viável e as indicações podem ser estendidas para gerenciar até mesmo um deslocamento negligenciado. Este procedimento reduz a necessidade ou diminui a duração da exigência de fixação externa e, assim, incentiva a mobilização precoce.
Tumor lipomatoso intra-articular do joelho: Dois casos similares, mas diferentes
Authors: Karmali Samir , Sá da Costa Daniel , Carvalho Silva Rita , Lacerda João 
Published: September 2020

ResumoEmbora os tumores lipomatosos sejam comuns, a ocorrência intra-articular é extremamente rara e escassamente descrita na literatura. Em relação a essas entidades raras, a maioria é benigna, tumores de crescimento progressivo e geralmente ocorrem no joelho, mas é crucial distinguir o menos frequente lipoma arborescens (LA) do lipoma sinovial mais raro, pois diferem na apresentação e na patogênese. A ressonância magnética é o exame de escolha na avaliação e no diagnóstico diferencial desses casos, desempenhando um papel central nos dias de hoje.A excisão e sinovectomia, quer artroscópica quer por artrotomia, proporcionam bons resultados com baixas taxas de recorrência. Ao relatar dois casos distintos tratados cirurgicamente de tumores lipomatosos intra-articulares do joelho, os autores pretendem revisar a literatura e discutir sua etiologia, aspectos clínicos e de imagem, bem como a abordagem do tratamento.
Osteossíntese minimamente invasiva de fraturas transtrocantéricas com Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS)
Authors: Guimarães José André Melo Barreto , Machado Marcos Cezar Feitosa de Paula , Galvão Pauliana Valéria Machado , de Lima Jéssika Cristina , Gomes Lucas dos Santos , Guimarães Pedro Ferreira Barreto 
Published: September 2020

ResumoO método aqui apresentado consiste em técnica cirúrgica minimamente invasiva para osteossíntese de fraturas transtrocantéricas com Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) 135°. Esta técnica é indicada no tratamento de fraturas 31-A1 e 31-A2 (Classificação Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen - AO) que cumpram os pré-requisitos exigidos para o uso do DHS. A cirurgia é realizada, preferencialmente, antes de 48 horas após o acometimento da fratura. Com a utilização do mesmo instrumental da técnica cirúrgica tradicional e auxílio do arco-C, realiza-se redução incruenta da fratura e implantação do DHS por incisão cirúrgica com 2 cm, através de dissecção dos tecidos subjacentes, com mínimo sangramento e agressão às partes moles. No pós-operatório imediato, o paciente é estimulado ao ortostatismo e à deambulação com carga total, o que antecipa a alta hospitalar e favorece a reabilitação funcional precoce. O retorno ambulatorial é agendado com 2, 6, 12 e 24 semanas de pós-operatório, com avaliação radiográfica, a fim de avaliar a consolidação da fratura.
Direct Lateral Minimally Invasive Approach for Excision of a L1/L2 Neurofibroma—A Technical Note and Literature Review
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Robins James M. W. , Pal Debasish 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A case of resection of a large dumbbell-shaped nerve sheath tumor at L1/L2 via a direct lateral minimally invasive approach is described. The tumor was removed via a lateral, subdiaphragmatic, rib-sparing, retropleural, retroperitoneal approach. The thoracolumbar junction can be challenging via the lateral approach and to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of excision of a paravertebral tumor via this approach. We believe this provided the benefits of direct operative trajectory and exposure, excellent tumor access, and avoided the need for facetectomy and extended spinal instrumentation across the thoracolumbar junction. Complete tumor excision was achieved with preserved motor function and improvement in radicular pain and sensory neurological deficit.
Misalignment between coronavirus financial aid and public health policies: negative incentives for outpatient clinics in the United States
Authors: Kim Edward , Ko Kristin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe United States Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) led to creation of the Paycheck Protection Program, as well as an expansion of reimbursements for telemedicine. CARES Act drafters over emphasized maintaining employment and overlooked negative downstream effects the policies had on outpatient clinics. The misalignment between this financial aid package and public health policy is most apparent in the pressure administrators face to maintain clinic operations, without a transition plan to adopt telemedicine and associated best practices. If this continues, the result will be suboptimal clinical practices and an increased risk of COVID-19 infection to both staff and patients. Particularly in times of crisis, financial aid packages should not be evaluated in isolation; policymakers should consider their implications for public health while designing, enacting, and implementing such measures.
Stiffness of the interface between a colloidal body-centered cubic crystal and its liquid
Authors: Hwang Hyerim , Weitz David A. , Spaepen Frans 
Published: September 2020

Significance
This paper reports the experimental determination of the stiffness of the interface between a body-centered cubic crystal and its liquid using colloids controlled by dielectrophoresis in an electric bottle. That the measured value is lower than that of alternative interfaces supports the phenomenological explanation invoked for a long-standing observation in phase transformations: the preferential nucleation of body-centered cubic crystals in the solidification of metal alloys.
Soft x-ray irradiation induced metallization of layered TiNCl
Authors: Kataoka Noriyuki , Tanaka Masashi , Hosoda Wataru , Taniguchi Takumi , Fujimori Shin-ichi , Wakita Takanori , Muraoka Yuji , Yokoya Takayoshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have performed soft x-ray spectroscopy in order to study the photoirradiation time dependence of the valence band structure and chemical states of layered transition metal nitride chloride TiNCl. Under the soft x-ray irradiation, the intensities of the states near the Fermi level (E
F) and the Ti3+ component increased, while the Cl 2p intensity decreased. Ti 2p–3d resonance photoemission spectroscopy confirmed a distinctive Fermi edge with Ti 3d character. These results indicate the photo-induced metallization originates from deintercalation due to Cl desorption, and thus provide a new carrier doping method that controls the conducting properties of TiNCl.
Energy spectra of coupled Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains with



-symmetric imaginary boundary potentials
Authors: Kong Ze-Xuan , Zhang Yu-Feng , Hao Hai-Xing , Gong Wei-Jiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the eigenenergies of coupled Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chains with




-symmetric imaginary potentials. It is found that the direct coupling between two SSH chains leads to the splitting of the topological edge states accompanied by the destruction of their original natures. If the two SSH chains are indirectly coupled via an impurity, additional nontopological isolated states are allowed to come up. Next when the




-symmetric potentials are incorporated, the topological zero-energy states undergo the simple




-symmetry breaking. However, the nontopological isolated states exhibit complicated variations. For the directly-coupled case, the phase transition of these states can be seen. Alternatively, in the indirectly-coupled SSH system, the partial




-symmetry breaking occurs in the presence of broken particle-hole symmetry. We believe that these findings can be helpful for understanding topological properties of coupled non-Hermitian SSH systems.
Impacts of dark energy on constraining neutrino mass after Planck 2018
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Jing-Fei , Zhang Xin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Considering the mass splittings of three active neutrinos, we investigate how the properties of dark energy affect the cosmological constraints on the total neutrino mass

∑

m

ν

using the latest cosmological observations. In this paper, several typical dark energy models, including ΛCDM, wCDM, CPL, and HDE models, are discussed. In the analysis, we also consider the effects from the neutrino mass hierarchies, i.e. the degenerate hierarchy (DH), the normal hierarchy (NH), and the inverted hierarchy (IH). We employ the current cosmological observations to do the analysis, including the Planck 2018 temperature and polarization power spectra, the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), the type Ia supernovae (SNe), and the Hubble constant H
0 measurement. In the ΛCDM+

∑

m

ν

model, we obtain the upper limits of the neutrino mass

∑

m

ν

<
0.123

eV

(DH),

∑

m

ν

<
0.156

eV

(NH), and

∑

m

ν

<
0.185

eV

(IH) at the 95% C.L., using the Planck+BAO+SNe data combination. For the wCDM+

∑

m

ν

model and the CPL+

∑

m

ν

model, larger upper limits of

∑

m

ν

are obtained compared to those of the ΛCDM+

∑

m

ν

model. The most stringent constraint on the neutrino mass,

∑

m

ν

<
0.080

eV

(DH), is derived in the HDE+

∑

m

ν

model. In addition, we find that the inclusion of the local measurement of the Hubble constant in the data combination leads to tighter constraints on the total neutrino mass in all these dark energy models.
3D Relativistic MHD Simulations of Pulsar Bow Shock Nebulae
Authors: Bucciantini Niccolò , Olmi Barbara , Zanna Luca Del 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pulsars out of their parent SNR directly interact with the ISM producing so called Bow-Shock Pulsar Wind Nebulae, the relativistic equivalents of the heliosphere/heliotail system. These have been directly observed from Radio to X-ray, and are found also associated to TeV halos, with a large variety of morphologies. They offer a unique environment where the pulsar wind can be studied by modelling its interaction with the surrounding ambient medium, in a fashion that is different/complementary from the canonical Plerions. These systems have also been suggested as the possible origin of the positron excess detected by AMS and PAMELA, in contrast to dark matter. I will present results from 3D Relativistic MHD simulations of such nebulae. On top of these simulations we computed the expected emission signatures, the properties of high energy particle escape, the role of current sheets in channeling cosmic rays, the level of turbulence and magnetic amplification, and how they depend on the wind structure and magnetisation.
Coupled MHD – Hybrid Simulations of Space Plasmas
Authors: Moschou S. P. , Sokolov I. V. , Cohen O. , Toth G. , Drake J. J. , Huang Z. , Garraffo C. , Alvarado-Gómez J. D. , Gombosi T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Heliospheric plasmas require multi-scale and multi-physics considerations. On one hand, MHD codes are widely used for global simulations of the solar-terrestrial environments, but do not provide the most elaborate physical description of space plasmas. Hybrid codes, on the other hand, capture important physical processes, such as electric currents and effects of finite Larmor radius, but they can be used locally only, since the limitations in available computational resources do not allow for their use throughout a global computational domain. In the present work, we present a new coupled scheme which allows to switch blocks in the block-adaptive grids from fluid MHD to hybrid simulations, without modifying the self-consistent computation of the electromagnetic fields acting on fluids (in MHD simulation) or charged ion macroparticles (in hybrid simulation). In this way, the hybrid scheme can refine the description in specified regions of interest without compromising the efficiency of the global MHD code.
Comparative study of high order methods for subsonic turbulence simulation with stochastic forcing
Authors: Kritsuk Alexei G. , Yee H. C. , Sjögreen Björn , Kotov Dmitry 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A class of spatially seventh-order nonlinear filter methods with adaptive dissipation control developed by Yee & Sjögreen [1, 2] is tested on three-dimensional subsonic turbulence simulations with stochastic forcing. The Euler equations are solved using the Strang operator splitting of the homogeneous part of the equations and the stochastic forcing term, with an ODE solver used to integrate the latter. Both Ducros et al. and Kennedy-Gruber skew-symmetric split formulations of the inviscid flux derivatives are considered to minimize the use of numerical dissipation. The nonlinear filter methods are shown to be numerically stable for this application at least up to an rms Mach number of 0.6. The performance and accuracy of this numerical approach are compared with those of second order TVD and fifth and seventh order WENO methods. The nonlinear filter methods are shown to be substantially more computationally efficient, delivering a superior spectral bandwidth compared to the standalone TVD and WENO methods.
Inverse transfer of magnetic helicity in supersonic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Authors: Teissier J.-M. , Müller W.-C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The inverse transfer of magnetic helicity is studied through a fourth-order finite volume numerical scheme in the framework of compressible ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), with an isothermal equation of state. Using either a purely solenoidal or purely compressive mechanical driving, a hydrodynamic turbulent steady-state is reached, to which small-scale magnetic helical fluctuations are injected. The steady-state root mean squared Mach numbers considered range from 0.1 to about 11. In all cases, a growth of magnetic structures is observed. While the measured magnetic helicity spectral scaling exponents are similar to the one measured in the incompressible case for the solenoidally-driven runs, significant deviations are observed even at relatively low Mach numbers when using a compressive driving. A tendency towards equipartition between the magnetic and kinetic fields in terms of energy and helicity is noted. The joint use of the helical decomposition in the framework of shell-to-shell transfer analysis reveals the presence of three distinct features in the global picture of a magnetic helicity inverse transfer. Those are individually associated with specific scale ranges of the advecting velocity field and commensurate helical contributions.
thornado-transport: Anderson- and GPU-accelerated nonlinear solvers for neutrino-matter coupling1
Authors: Paul Laiu M , Harris J Austin , Chu Ran , Endeve Eirik 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Algorithms for neutrino-matter coupling in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are investigated in the context of a spectral two-moment model, which is discretized in space with the discontinuous Galerkin method, integrated in time with implicit-explicit (IMEX) methods, and implemented in the toolkit for high-order neutrino-radiation hydrodynamics (thornado). The model considers electron neutrinos and antineutrinos and tabulated opacities from Bruenn (1985), which includes neutrino-electron scattering and pair processes. The nonlinear system arising from implicit time discretization of the equations governing neutrino-matter coupling is iterated to convergence using Anderson-accelerated fixed-point methods, which avoid formation of Jacobians and inversion of dense linear systems. Numerical experiments show that, for a given tolerance, a nested iteration scheme which aims to reduce opacity evaluations can lower the computational cost. Our initial port to GPUs, using both OpenMP and OpenACC, shows an overall speedup of up to ∼ 100× when compared to results using a single CPU core. These results indicate that the algorithms implemented in thornado are well-suited to GPU acceleration.
Relaxing Numerical Difficulties Arising from Discretization in the Cylindrical Coordinates
Authors: Hanawa Tomoyuki , Matsumoto Yosuke 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The cylindrical coordinates, (r, ϕ, z), are often used in our numerical simulations, in particular, when gas accretes onto a central object. Although the cylindrical coordinates have several advantages in describing rotation, they have apparent singularity at r = 0. The singularity induces some difficulties in numerical simulations. First, it is difficult to solve the flow across the axis numerically. Second, the time interval between two successive time steps is restricted by the innermost cell size, resulting in large numbers of time steps to follow dynamics in the outer regions. Here, we present a new discretization scheme to overcome these difficulties. First, we evaluate the centrifugal force from the dynamical pressure working on the azimuthal cell surface. Our method of the evaluation is based on the vector analysis. Second, we reduce the angular resolution appreciably. Our examples demonstrate that the innermost circular region around the axis can be resolved by only six numerical cells. We increase the angular resolution with the increase in the radius so that each numerical cell has an aspect ratio close to unity. Then all the numerical cells have nearly the same size, and the CFL condition is relaxed. We show our application to an accreting protostar after showing a Sod shock tube problem and a uniform flow. The test problems demonstrate that the apparent singularity around the axis have no critical effects on the results.
Three-dimensional cylindrical Poisson solver with vacuum boundary conditions
Authors: Moon S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Self-gravity and rotation are two key ingredients in dynamics of astronomical disk systems such as galactic and protostellar disks. Despite its importance, there has not yet been so far an efficient algorithm to solve the Poisson equation in three-dimensional cylindrical coordinates under vacuum boundary conditions. By generalizing the James algorithm to cylindrical coordinates, we develop an accurate (second-order convergence) and efficient (faster than MHD) cylindrical Poisson solver that is scalable up to ∼ 104 cores. We develop a method to calculate the cylindrical discrete Green’s function, which is an essential element of the James algorithm to estabilish its second-order accuracy. We implement our cylindrical version of the James algorithm in Athena++ code and demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency by performing the convergence test and the weak scaling test.