bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact angle hysteresis of Newtonian fluid
Authors: Wang Zhiqing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Contact angle hysteresis of Newtonian fluid is a fundamental and complicated phenomenon related to wetting and dewetting. This article reviews typical research progress of contact angle hysteresis and proposes some critical directions deserved to be investigated. The traditional measuring methods are not accurate to measure the contact angle, and the conventional definition is not suitable for the Wenzel, Cassie, or the intersection of the two states. The surface roughness and droplet size are important factors affecting the hysteresis. Effective roughness scale for hysteresis could be at nanoscale. The difference between microscopic and macroscopic contact angle leads to different hysteresis at microscopic scale, which is valuable for nanodevice.
Unified solutions on axial bearing capacity of round-ended concrete-filled steel tube short columns with binding bars
Authors: Ge Qingyun , Yang Fulian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Based on the unified strength theory, according to the characteristics of axial bearing capacity of round-ended concrete-filled steel tubular stub short columns with binding bars, the cross shaped section was divided into a rectangular section which has bars and two round-ended sections which have no bars. Considering intermediate principal stress, the ration of width to thickness of pipe to the bearing capacity of steel tube was in consideration too, the paper analyzed force mechanism. In the end, the mathematical formulation of bearing capacity for the round-ended concrete filled steel tube stub column with binding bars was obtained. The formula calculation values were in good agreement with the value of the relevant literature. Theoretical formulas are expected to be helpful for engineering applications.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the microscopic interaction in Cu/water nanofluid
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tian Linchao , Zhang Anlong , Qu Pingping , Jing Yuyan , Chen Hemin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the gradual increase in internal combustion engine load, the heat in the cooling oil cavity has been insufficient to remove too much heat in a timely manner. The excellent thermal conductivity of nanofluids can be used to consider solving such problems. In this paper, the molecular dynamics simulation of the microscopic effect of the particles in the Cu/water nanofluid on the base fluid is carried out by the equilibrium molecular dynamics method. By analyzing the density distribution of various atoms in the nanofluid and the radial distribution function between the base fluid atoms, Cu-H and Cu-O atom pairs, it is found that the main reason for the influence of the nanoparticles on the base fluid is in the area near the Cu particles. The base fluid atoms have an effect, which changes the arrangement of these atoms, and the O atoms around the nanoparticles are closer to the surface of the Cu particles, and the H atoms are slightly away from the surface of the particles.
Robustness evaluation of probability density function based features on state-of-health estimation used in electric vehicles
Authors: Dong Honglei , Fan Jie , Zou Yuan , Xiao Lingyun , Deng Bo , Ou Yang , Yang Yong , Guan Jing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Robust and accurate state-of-health (SOH) estimation is significant for safe and reliable operation of electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, the robustness analysis of a specific IC analysis method based on probability density function is investigated in depth. Four aging features frequently used by existing researches to estimate SOH are extracted from IC curve. The influence of temperature and current rate on these four aging features as battery ages is analyzed in detail. These aging features’ sensitiveness to data length and their appearance frequency in real-world charging events are also included in deciding which one is best for SOH estimation. Finally, one aging feature that has greatest potential to be used on EVs for SOH estimation is selected out.
Improved RetinaNet model for the application of small target detection in the aerial images
Authors: Tian Hong , Zheng Yufu , Jin Zhaozhao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The target detection algorithm for accurately locating the location of objects in the image and their categories is widely used in intelligent traffic, forest fire prevention, electric power patrol and other fields. Existing target detection algorithms detect objects in head-up images, and their accuracy is not high when used in aerial image detection. To solve this problem, a small target detection algorithm based on improved RetinaNet model is proposed. First, replace the ResNet101 deep residual network in the original network with ResNet152, Independent of image features, The model is accelerated by merging ScaleNet network structure; Besides, in order to increase the feeling of the small target detection, to upgrade the existing FPN network output, increase the P2 feature layer, improved the range makes the network overall receptive field and the robustness of small target detection. Through the experimental result shows that compared with the original RetinaNet algorithm, The performance index of the improved algorithm is obviously improved. the average detection accuracy of the improved algorithm for small target detection is quite high 6.21%, it has a good detection effect in many scenarios.
Design and Research of Pre-grouting technology for 1000m scale blind shaft
Authors: He Wen , Xiang Junxing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Based on the characteristics of high water pressure and large quantity water-inrush in water-rich dolomite formation around the 1000m level blind shaft of a mine in Yunnan province, pre-grouting was proposed to control water for safe and rapid tunneling. Three large chambers were set up as drilling platforms underground, and the pulping station was established on the surface, the red clay cement slurry was transported to underground grouting station through slurry pipeline. 496m long grouting section was designed and segmented downward manner was adopted. After pre-grouting, the water inflow in the pre-grouting section of the shaft is 7.86m3/h, which met the requirements of the national standard and the contracted maximum water inflow 10m3/h, excellent water control effect was obtained. scientific and reasonable pre-grouting design achieved safe and rapid tunneling of the 1000m level blind shaft.
Study on Combustibility of Key Components of LiFePO4/C Battery with prelithiation technology
Authors: Hui Dong , Gao Fei , Yang Kai , Yang Longfei , Zhao Fenggang , Cheng Xiaoyan , Wang Shuping , Fan Minghao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Prelithiation technology has greatly improved the service life of LiFePO4/C battery, but its influence on the combustibility of the battery is still unclear. In this paper, the combustibility of the key components (positive electrode, negative electrode and separator) of LiFePO4/C battery with prelithiation technology and conventional LiFePO4/C battery are compared, and the differences in combustion parameters(effective combustion heat, total heat release, heat release rate) and smoke parameters(total smoke production, CO yield, CO2 yield, and specific extinction area) between the two types of batteries are analyzed. The results show that the combustibility of the two types of batteries is basically similar, and there is no significant difference. With the decrease of the capacity retention rate, the combustibility and smoke generation of the battery show a downward trend.
Design of digital charger based on AVR microcontroller
Authors: Qu Weidong , Yu Lijie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Most of the rechargeable batteries in the equipment can only use a dedicated charger, and it is impossible to determine the charging parameters and the remaining charging time. In order to solve this problem, we design a digital charger, single-chip microcomputer control as the core, to real time control of rechargeable batteries, can real time collection and rechargeable battery voltage, current, the rest of the parameters such as charging time, can also by serial port and PC communication, and through the display device according to the necessary information to users.
Pulsed Jet Characteristics of Circulation Control Airfoil
Authors: Lei Yuchang , Zhang Yanhua , Zhang Dengcheng , Su Guangxu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Compared with the steady jet, the mass flow consumed by the pulsed jet is lower, which is of great significance for solving the jet source in the circulation control technology. In order to further study the effects of different parameters on energy consumption and aerodynamic coefficient pulse in pulsed jet, based on the Reynolds average N-S equation, the aerodynamic characteristic calculation and flow field analysis of the circulation control airfoil under the action of pulsed jet are carried out, and the aerodynamic benefit is evaluated with the combination of energy consumption and aerodynamic coefficient fluctuation. The results show that: Pulsed jet is more suitable for use at high angle of attack. By using the combination of pulsed jet and steady jet, good results can be obtained in three aspects: time-averaged lift coefficient, lift coefficient fluctuation and energy consumption. The research results can be used as a reference for guiding the use of pulsed jet in circulation control technology.
Selective determination of potassium ions by SPR based molecularly imprinted sensor
Authors: Wang Shiqi , Yu Jieying , Nawaz Tehseen , Wei Tianxin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Novel potassium ions imprint polymer sensor were successfully prepared by applying a facile combination of a reversible addition chain transfer mechanism (RAFT) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). UV photopolymerization in synergy with 2-methyl-2-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl]propanoic acid (DDMAT) as a chain transfer reagent was employed for film synthesis on an SPR sensor chip for the detection of potassium ions using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross linker. The modified surface of the sensor was characterized by contact angle measurements, frontier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of potassium ion imprint polymer film showed a high adsorption capacity and excellent selectivity in comparison to other analogues and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) film. Through 5 adsorption–desorption cycles, the high recoverability of MIP film was confirmed. Consequently, within the concentration range of 10−15-10−5 mol/L, the coupling angle change of SPR versus the negative logarithm of concentration showed excellent linearity: R2 = 0.98. Based on a linear equation, MIPs showed excellent values for the limit of detection(1.6×10−16M). Furthermore, it was also used to detect potassium ions in real sample, and in the tap water it showed high recovery and low detection limit. Hence, potassium ions imprint polymer film in combination with an SPR sensor chip demonstrated potential applications for rapid and highly effective sensing even in tap water.
Experimental study on infiltration of unsaturated soil and solution of permeability coefficient
Authors: Bai Yuting , Tang Keming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
During the unsaturated infiltration, water content, infiltration rate, infiltration amount and other physical quantities are all related to the water supply approaches and intensities. In order to study the change of water migration and the permeability coefficient in vertical infiltration of one-dimensional soil column with different infiltration conditions, this paper designs an experimental device for a one-dimensional soil column infiltration model. Three sets of infiltration tests with different intensities were carried out in two ways: artificial rainfall infiltration and ponding infiltration. The results show that the infiltration under the conditions of rainfall infiltration and ponding infiltration presents a similar trend. The infiltration of ponding in the initial stage of infiltration has greater fluctuations than the infiltration of rainfall, but after the latter stabilizes, the infiltration capacity of ponding infiltration and rainfall infiltration tends to be the same. Finally, on the basis of the theory of soil water energy state and the law of conservation of energy, a new method for solving the permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil under free infiltration is obtained.
Effect of pre-adsorbed water in zeolites with different pore structures on acetone adsorption performance
Authors: Lu Shuangchun , Liu Qingling , Han Rui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Zeolites with uniform pore structures are potential adsorbents for the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) adsorption. The pore structures of zeolites and the pre-adsorbed water contained in the adsorbents all affected VOCs adsorption performance. In this work, we investigated the acetone adsorption performance of four zeolites with different pore structures and studied the effect of pre-adsorbed water vapor on the adsorption performance of acetone. The results showed that the acetone adsorption performance was affected by the specific surface area, pore size and pore volume of zeolite. The pre-adsorbed water had a negative influence on acetone adsorption capacities, which formed competitive adsorption between water vapor and acetone molecular. In addition, we measured and analyzed the difference between the ideal specific surface area and the actual specific surface area, which will provide a reference for actual industrial applications in the future.
Effects of Applied Biogas Slurry Continuously for several years on Soil Chemical Characteristics
Authors: Chang-ai Zhang , Sun Renhua , Ying Mengfei , Ding Shaohua , Shengdao Shan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to predict the potential influence of applying biogas slurry (BS) continuously for several years on soil chemical characteristics. Five kinds of Farmland which have been irrigated using BS respectively for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 years were chosen as the research objects, and soil characteristics and cabbage growth in the different farmlands were analyzed, so can to provide practical basis for scientific application of BS. The results of the experiment indicated that soil pH value enhanced, soil exchangeable H+ and exchangeable Al3+ descend by applied BS, the acid-alkali balance of soil could been easier keep stable if BS been used for more years; the contents of reductive material(RM), activity reductive material(ARM), and ratio of ARM are all increased with the age added by applied BS, so the redox balance of soil have been broken because of applied BS; Soil water-soluble K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4
2-, HCO3
−, Cl− were been affected obviously by applied BS, the contents of water-soluble K+, Na+, Cl−, SO4
2- are all increased, and the contents of soil water-soluble Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3
− are all decreased with the age added by applied BS.
Flow patterns in a steady lid-driven rectangular cavity with an embedded circular cylinder
Authors: Zhu Jianxun , Holmedal Lars Erik , Wang Hong , Myrhaug Dag 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A detailed investigation of the flow in a steady lid-driven cavity of depth to width ratio 1:2 containing a circular cylinder is provided. Three different Reynolds numbers (based on the lid velocity and cavity depth) of 100, 500 and 1000 as well as four different cylinder radii to cavity depth ratios (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) located at three different positions along the horizontal centerline of the cavity, are considered. It appears that these flows can be classified into seven different flow patterns. These flow patterns are given for different cylinder radii and positions as well as Reynolds numbers. There is a tendency that for a given cylinder radius, there are more transitions between different flow patterns for a small radius than for a large radius while for a given Reynolds number, the number of transitions is larger for high Reynolds numbers than for low Reynolds numbers. Overall, a larger number of flow patterns tend to emerge as the Reynolds number increases for small radii. The largest variety of flow patterns occur for the left-sided cylinder due to the interaction with the large anti-clockwise circulation flow formed at the bottom left corner.
Comparative study of U- and U4-split-ring resonator-based metasurfaces for sensing in near- and mid-infrared region
Authors: Suo Fei , Tong Jinchao , Tobing Landobasa Y M , Fan Weijun , Xu Zhengji , Zhang Dao Hua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report a detailed comparative investigation of resonance behaviors and sensing capability of gold U-shape spilt-ring resonator (U-SRR) and fourfold rotated SRR (U4-SRR) metasurfaces in near- and middle-infrared (IR) range. All the resonant modes of the U4-SRR metasurfaces occur at longer wavelengths compared to the U-SRR metasurfaces with the same U size. Stronger field intensities are observed in all the three resonance modes of the U4-SRR metasurfaces and the intensity in the fundamental magnetic (m
0) mode is almost three times of that of U-SRR metasurface under unpolarized incidence. All the three peak resonance wavelengths shift to longer wavelengths and the sensitivity increases with the increase of U size. A sensitivity of 642 nm RIU−1 is obtained in the U4-SRR metasurface for unpolarized incidence. This provides an excellent candidate for high performance sensing in the near- and mid-IR regions without polarization concern.
Combined effect of carbon nanotubes distribution and orientation on functionally graded nanocomposite beams using finite element analysis
Authors: El-Ashmawy A M , Xu Yuanming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Structural tailoring can provide a promising performance for Functionally Graded (FG) components in engineering. Moreover, utilizing advanced Carbon Nanotube (CNT) as embedded reinforcement in nanocomposite structures, excellent mechanical properties can be tailored and designed to meet requirements. This research addressed the issue of a particular effect for CNT orientation and gradation distribution on static and free vibration analysis of Functionally Graded CNT-Reinforced Composite (FG-CNTRC) beams. First, an efficient finite beam element capable of controlling both parameters was derived based on the Timoshenko beam theory. Single-Walled CNT (SWCNT) was used as primary reinforcement and graded through-thickness. Then, an extensive parametric study was done for model convergence, static, and dynamic analysis. The proposed model offers unique shape function depends on material properties and cross-section geometry, high-accuracy, and expanded to cover both orientations and grading exponents. This expansion allows passive-control of the beam stiffness and strength without any increment in structural weight. Wherein constituent materials quantities and volume fractions were not changed. Finally, obtained findings concerned about orientation angle and power-law exponent, which showed that they significantly affect the structural response, and therefore offer a practical approach of structure tailoring for applied loads, required response, and specific weight limitations.
Virtual screening of nitrogen-, phosphorous- and halide-containing materials as p-type transparent conductors
Authors: Wiebeler Hendrik , Raghupathy Ramya Kormath Madam , Mirhosseini Hossein , D Kühne Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, a high-throughput screening of binary and ternary pnictide- and halide-based compounds is performed to identify promising p-type transparent conductors. Our investigation profits from the emergence of open-access databases based on ab-initio results. The band gap, stability, hole effective mass, and p-type dopability are employed for the materials screening and the validity of these descriptors is discussed. Among the final candidates, BaSiN2 is the most promising compound.
Transient effects in the decay of a normally hyperbolic invariant manifold
Authors: Jung C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article presents a new version of transient behaviour occurring around the remnants of normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds (NHIMs) when they are already in the process of decay. If in such a situation a chaotic region of the NHIM is in the process of decay, then typical trajectories starting in this chaotic region remain in this region for a finite time only and will leave the neighbourhood of the NHIM in the long run in tangential direction. Therefore this chaotic region has a transient existence only as remainder of the NHIM. Numerical examples of this phenomenon are presented for a three degrees of freedom (3-dof) model for the motion of a test particle in the gravitational field of a rotating barred galaxy.
Prediction of Dermal Exposure to Chemical Substances Using a Fluorescence Method within the SysDEA Project
Authors: Franken Remy , Turkenburg Jaap , Kasiotis Konstantinos M , Shandilya Neeraj , Baan Jan , Tsakirakis Angelos N , Chartzala Ilianna , Anastasiadou Pelagia , Machera Kyriaki , Rother Dag , Roitzsch Michael , Poppek Ulrich , Meyer Jessica , Schlüter Urs , Gerritsen-Ebben Rianda M , Spaan Suzanne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dermal exposure is an important exposure route for occupational exposure and risk assessment. A fluorescence method has been developed to quantify occupational dermal exposure based on a visualization technique, using Tinopal SWN as a fluorescent tracer. The method was developed within the framework of a large experimental study, the SysDEA project. In SysDEA, dermal exposure was measured with different methods for 10 simulated exposure situations by sampling powder and liquid formulations containing Tinopal SWN on coveralls and patches and subsequently chemically analysing them. For the fluorescence method, photographs of exposed volunteers who performed the experiments were taken inside a room which consisted of an optimized arrangement of several UV irradiating tube light brackets, reflective and non-reflective backgrounds for maximum light diffusion and a camera. Image processing analysis software processed these photographs to obtain corresponding light intensity in terms of summed pixel values. To be able to estimate the amount of Tinopal SWN, 25% of the measured data from the SysDEA experiments were used to calibrate by correlating the summed pixel values from the photographs to actual measured exposure values using a second order regression model. For spraying both high and low viscosity liquids, showing uniformly distributed exposure patterns, strong Pearson correlation coefficients (R &gt; 0.77) were observed. In contrast, the correlations were either inconsistently poor (R = −0.17 to 0.28 for pouring, rolling high viscosity liquid, manually handling objects immersed in low viscosity liquid and handling objects contaminated with powder), moderate (R = 0.73 for dumping of powder), or strong (R = 0.83 and 0.77 for rolling low viscosity liquid and manually handling objects immersed in high viscosity liquid). A model for spraying was developed and calibrated using 25% of the available experimental data for spraying and validated using the remaining 75%. Under given experimental conditions, the fluorescence method shows promising results and can be used for the quantification of dermal exposure for different body parts (excluding hands) for spraying-like scenarios that have a more uniform exposure pattern, but more research is needed for exposure scenarios with less uniform exposure patterns. For the estimation of exposure levels, the surface loading limit should be lower than 1.5░µg/cm2 (a lower limit could not be quantified based on experiments conducted in this study) on a large surface, like a coverall, which should be ideally perpendicular to the camera.