bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realization of high-performance tri-layer graphene saturable absorber mirror fabricated via a one-step transfer process
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Wang Xu , Liu Jian , Ning Jiqiang , Zheng Changcheng , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Ziyang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Graphene, as a saturable absorber (SA), has attracted much attention for its application in ultrashort pulse fiber lasers due to its ultrafast interband carrier relaxation and ultra-broadband wavelength operation. Nevertheless, during the stacking process of monolayer graphene layer, the induced nonuniform contact at the interface of graphene layers deteriorate the device performance. Herein, we report the fabrication of graphene saturable absorber mirrors (SAMs) via a one-step transfer process and the realization of the much enlarged modulation depth and the much reduced nonsaturable loss with tri-layer graphene (TLG) than single-layer graphene (SLG) due to the improved uniform contact at the interface. Moreover, the operation of 1550 nm mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser with the TLG SAM exhibits excellent output characteristics of the maximum output power of 9.9 mW, a slope efficiency of 2.4% and a pulse width of 714 fs. Our findings are expected to pave the way toward high-performance ultrashort pulse fiber lasers based on graphene SAs.
Strategically designed marine reserve networks are robust to climate change driven shifts in population connectivity
Authors: Rassweiler Andrew , Ojea Elena , Costello Christopher 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Marine reserves can be effective conservation and fishery management tools, particularly when their design accounts for spatial population connectivity. Yet climate change is expected to significantly alter larval connectivity of many marine species, questioning whether marine reserves designed today will still be effective in the future. Here we predict how alternative marine reserve designs will affect fishery yields. We apply a range of empirically-grounded scenarios for future larval dispersal to fishery models of seven species currently managed through marine reserves in the nearshore waters in Southern California, USA. We show that networks of reserves optimized for future climate conditions differ substantially from networks designed for today’s conditions. However, the benefits of redesign are modest: a set of reserves designed for current conditions commonly produces outcomes within 10% of the best redesigned network, and far outperforms haphazardly designed networks. Thus, investing in the strategic design of marine reserves networks today may pay dividends even if the networks are not modified to keep up with environmental change.
Repeated leak detection and repair surveys reduce methane emissions over scale of years
Authors: Ravikumar Arvind P , Roda-Stuart Daniel , Liu Ryan , Bradley Alexander , Bergerson Joule , Nie Yuhao , Zhang Siduo , Bi Xiaotao , Brandt Adam R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas industry is a critical climate action policy tool in Canada and the US. Optical gas imaging-based leak detection and repair (LDAR) surveys are commonly used to address fugitive methane emissions or leaks. Despite widespread use, there is little empirical measurement of the effectiveness of LDAR programs at reducing long-term leakage, especially over the scale of months to years. In this study, we measure the effectiveness of LDAR surveys by quantifying emissions at 36 unconventional liquids-rich natural gas facilities in Alberta, Canada. A representative subset of these 36 facilities were visited twice by the same detection team: an initial survey and a post-repair re-survey occurring ∼0.5–2 years after the initial survey. Overall, total emissions reduced by 44% after one LDAR survey, combining a reduction in fugitive emissions of 22% and vented emissions by 47%. Furthermore, >90% of the leaks found in the initial survey were not emitting in the re-survey, suggesting high repair effectiveness. However, fugitive emissions reduced by only 22% because of new leaks that occurred between the surveys. This indicates a need for frequent, effective, and low-cost LDAR surveys to target new leaks. The large reduction in vent emissions is associated with potentially stochastic changes to tank-related emissions, which contributed ∼45% of all emissions. Our data suggest a key role for tank-specific abatement strategies as an effective way to reduce oil and gas methane emissions. Finally, mitigation policies will also benefit from more definitive classification of leaks and vents.
Improvement stability of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis encapsulated by water soluble chitosan nanoparticles
Authors: Gustiningtyas A , Setyaningsih I , Hardiningtyas S D , Susila A A R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Spirulina platensis is a microalga containing protein and other nutrients, also pigments which has several advantages in food and pharmaceuticals. Phycocyanin is a blue pigment from Spirulina sp. composed by α and β polypeptide with phycocyanobilin. Phycocyanin can be extracted by ultra-sonication method. However, this pigment can be easily degraded because of its instability caused by pH, temperature, and light. One of methods for maintaining the stability is encapsulation by coating material. Water soluble chitosan (WSC) is known as a low-molecular weight and low toxic coating material dissolve in water. The purposes of this study were to determine phycocyanin extraction with different time and evaluate the stability of phycocyanin in WSC nanoparticles. Phycocyanin-WSC nanoparticles were prepared with three different ratio of WSC to phycocyanin i.e 1:1, 1:0.75, 1:0.5 (w/w). Extraction phycocyanin using ultrasonicator for 15 min showed the highest concentration (1.28 mg/mL) and yield (2.56%). The smallest size and narrow polydispersities of phycocyanin-WSC nanoparticles was achieved with ratio of WSC to phycocyanin of 1:0.75 (w/w). Encapsulation of phycocyanin in WSC nanoparticle enhanced the stability at 50°C for 90 min. Encapsulation can be used for any supplement application.
Extraction of phycoerythrin from Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed using ultrasonication
Authors: Uju  , Dewi N P S U K , Santoso J , Setyaningsih I , Hardingtyas S D , Yopi  
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Kappaphycus alvarezii is type of red seaweed that widely cultivated in Indonesia. K. alvarezii contains phycobiliproteins mainly phycoerythrin which is commonly used as natural dyes in food and cosmetics, fluorescent, and analytical reagents. Phycoerythrin is generally extracted from red seaweed using buffer phosphate with freeze thawing process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of extraction time using ultrasonic waves on the characteristics of phycoerythrin. The maximum absorbance was formed at a wavelength of 499, 534, and 564 nm. Ultrasonic extraction treatment for 30 min and precipitation 60% ammonium sulfate were the best treatments, which had a pigment concentration of 1.9102 mg/mL, purity index 0.8311, and protein concentration of 0.5206 mg/mL. The antioxidant activity possessed by the phycoerythrin pigment is categorized as strong to very strong.
Sustainable production and utilization of sago palm resource
Authors: Ehara H , Naito H , Toyota K , Asano K , Mishima T , Isono N , Ohmi M , Nitta Y , Toyoda Y 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sago palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is distributed in Southeast Asia and Melanesia, and it produces comparatively high yield of starch (more than 200 kg per plant). This species can grow in wetland swamps where other food crops cannot grow economically and adapt to problem soils such as acid or saline with low input. The Society of Sago Palm Studies and the authors have published books entitled “The Sago Palm: The Food and Environmental Challenges of the 21st Century (Kyoto Univ. Press 2015)” and “Sago Palm: Multiple Contributions to Food Security and Sustainable Livelihoods (Springer 2018)”. This paper provides a brief review on (1) characteristics of seed germination and preparation of planting materials utilizing germinated seeds, (2) symbiosis of sago palm and microbes (nitrogen fixing bacteria or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), (3) creating new value from pith waste after conventional starch extraction (recovery of starch, ethanol production or preparation of biodegradable foam from the waste) and (4) utilization of leaf or bark from our former publications and the achievements published in our journal ‘SAGO PALM’ or the proceedings of the International Sago Symposium to discuss sustainable production and utilization of sago palm resource in Asia and Pacific.
Global Scenario on Sustainable Coconut Development
Authors: Nair D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Coconut is a crop of the tropics and is grown in over 90 countries across the globe. It is called the Tree of life or Kalpavriksha owing to the multifaceted uses of coconut. It is a crop that provides food, edible oil, beverage, milk, sugar, fibre, fuel, wood etc. The various products from coconut have their applications in different sectors like edible oils, health and beauty care, functional food, industrial purifier, oleochemical industry etc. Coconut is crop that is most suited for sustainable agriculture supporting the three pillars of society, economy and the environment. It allows for a wide range of crops as inter crops or mixed crops thereby increasing the land utilization, but at the same time allowing for maintenance of soil fertility, improvement of soil texture, water conservation and remunerative prices top the small farmers. The market demand for the various processed products from coconut is increasing every day, with more and more clinical trials conclusively proving the anecdotal evidences on the nutritional and health benefits of coconut and its products.
Effect of Trichoderma spp. and potassium fertilizer on Phytophthora palmivora infection in cacao seedlings
Authors: Harni R , Amaría W , Ferry Y , Marhaeni L S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Phytophthora palmivora is a pathogen that causes black pod, leaf blight, and stem cancer on cacao, that cause yield loss up to 40%. Control of P. palmivora is intended to make plants healthy, by using Trichoderma spp. and potassium fertilizer. The study was aimed to determine the effect of Trichoderma spp. and potassium fertilizer application against P. palmivora infection in cacao seedlings. The study used a randomized block design consisting of 13 treatments with 5 replications. The treatments were Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride JB2, T. amazonicum LP3, T. hamatum LP2), and potassium fertilizers dosages (1, 2 and 3 g), chemical fungicides (mancozeb) for comparison, and control. Cacao seedlings were treated with Trichoderma spp. and potassium fertilizer, then the plants were inoculated with P. palmivora. Observations were on attack symptoms, incubation period, disease severity, growth of cacao seedlings, and lignin content. The results showed that the application of Trichoderma spp. and potassium fertilizer prolonged the incubation period and reduced the number of leaves spots (48.95–75.37%). T. amazonicum + 3 g of potassium fertilizer and T. hamatum + 2 g of potassium fertilizer suppressed the number of spots up to 75.37% and 71.36% respectively, higher than chemical fungicides that were 70.86%.
Landscape planning of tea plantation agrotourism area based on agro-based services
Authors: Faridah H , Pramukanto Q 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The availability of various plantations in Indonesia are potential resource that can be utilized as agro-tourism areas, so that it can expand the spectrum of business not only in tea production but also in agro-tourism businesses. Agro-based service can be developed based on utilization plantation agribusiness system, i.e. on-farm agribusiness, off-farm agribusiness, and additional resources as agrotourism objects and attractions. One of the potential areas is Ciater PTPN VIII Tea Plantation which is managed by a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN). This plantation area of 983.7 ha, which is dominated by tea plantation land use (61.22%), while the rest is other uses, such as forests and other natural resources. The objective of study is creating landscape plan of tea plantation agrotourism based on agro-based services. The planning method carried out consists of the preparation, inventory, analysis, synthesis, and landscape planning. The analysis was carried out on the biophysical, tourist objects and attractions, as well as aspects of people’s preferences and acceptability. Research produces spatial plan, circulation plans, and landscape plans. The landscape plan consists of the main agro-tourism space, agrotourism support space, supporting tourism space, production space, and conservation space.
Yield and essential oil quality of Indonesian ceylon cinnamon at different age of harvest
Authors: Rostiana O , Suryani E , Purwiyanti S , Heriyanto R , Arlianti T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ceylon cinnamon is a world-famous cinnamon product produced mainly by Sri Lanka. In Indonesia, the distribution of Ceylon cinnamon is very limited. Fifteen Ceylon cinnamon promising lines in the Research Station at Laing, West Sumatera, have been chosen and observed for their yield and quality components. Plants that are usually harvested at the age of 4-6 years, can grow and develop into new branches, after being harvested. This study was aimed to determine the production capacity and quality of 15 accessions. The first harvest were performed at 6 years age, with bark production capacity 1,800 - 4,350 kg/tree, cinnamaldehyde content 42.23% - 61.24%. The following harvest had been carried out on new grown branches at 3 and 4 year ages, in which the production of bark, leaves, oil content and its quality, were varied for each accession. The yield components and essential oils quality of Ceylon cinnamon cultivated at a medium altitude were influenced by age of plant. Therefore, it is recommended that best harvesting would be 6 years after planting, and 4 years later on after the first pruning. Certain accession had optimum yield of bark and leaves, cinnamaldehyde content >60%, eugenol content >85%, and meets the international standard.
Correlation between morphological characters and the sex phenotypes of Myristica fragrans Houtt Trees
Authors: Purwiyanti S , Wahyu Y , Rostiana O , Sudarsono  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nutmeg is a dioecious plant where male and female flowers are generally located on different trees. Identification of early tree sex phenotypes in the vegetative phase will help grower optimize land productivity. This aim of this study was to identify morphological characters that are associated with sex expression. In this research 188 accessions numbers of nutmeg were used as genetic material consisting of 104 female and 84 of male trees. The morphological characters observed were habitus, leaves, flowers, fruit, seeds, and mace. The relationship between sex expression and morphological characters was tested by the individual proportion on each character and Pearson correlation. The results showed that morphological characters could not predict sex expressions. Male tree habitus and corolla size were generally bigger than female but female pedicellus size was bigger than male ones. There were no growth and yield component characters correlated to their yield.
Physichochemical properties of Kebumen Entog Dwarf coconut
Authors: Maskromo I , Karouw S , Pandin D S , Mahayu W M , Santosa B , Alouw J C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Kebumen Entog Dwarf coconut is one of the superior coconut varieties with characteristics of early bearing, large fruit size and sweet water. The study was conducted to determine the physicochemical properties of fruit and water of Kebumen Entog Dwarf coconut. Evaluation was carried out to measure the mineral content of coconut water, water content, ash, protein, and fat, the content of fatty acids and amino acids of fruit flesh. The fruits of Nias Yellow Dwarf, Mapanget Tall, Tenga Tall and KHINA-1 Hybrid were also evaluated. The analysis was carried out at the Laboratory of PT. Saraswati Indo Genetech, Bogor. The results showed that potassium and phosphorus content in water of young nut of Kebumen Entog Dwarf coconut fruit were higher than these in Nias Yellow Dwarf. The young kernel contained of 49.52% fat, 3.94% moisture, 3.78% ash, and 7.64% protein. The mature kernel of Kebumen Entog Dwarf contained of 63.20% fat, 5.9% moisture, 1.72% ash, and 5.24% protein. The medium chain fatty acids (caproic, caprilic, capric and lauric acids) in young and mature nuts was 43.12% and 51.07%, respectively. Fifteen types of amino acids in kernel of mature kernel was also detected. Dominant amino acids in coconut flesh were glutamic acid (1.28%), arginine (0.71%) and aspartic acid 0.45%.
Differential expression of root specific genes of oil palm seedlings at early stage of Ganoderma boninense infection
Authors: Faizah R , Putranto R A , Wening S , Sukma D , Raharti V R , Budiani A , Sudarsono S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Ganoderma boninense is the pathogen causing basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm, degrades oil palm root cell walls and modify plant metabolisms. Research groups have studied molecular mechanisms responses to G. boninense infections. A few have indicated the importance of studying specific gene expressions in relation to resistance mechanisms. This study aims to identify differentially expressed genes in oil palm roots showing susceptible or resistance responses and visualize their accumulated transcript in the heatmap form. The susceptible and resistant seedlings showing symptoms of BSR infection and healthy ones were sampled. Sixteen genes associated with G. boninense infection were identified and their expression were analyzed. Total RNAs were extracted from root samples and cDNA synthesized. Quantitative real time PCR were performed using cDNA, and differential gene expressions were evaluated. Two genes showed the highest transcript accumulation in susceptible and resistant seedlings treated with or without G. boninense. Ten out of the 16 genes belonged to Group I and the other six to Group. Seven out of the 16 genes were differentially expressed in the samples either with or without G. boninense inoculation. The seven genes may be associated with early infection responses to G. boninense.
Determination of optimum rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for a four-year-old oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Authors: Purwanto O D , Sudradjat  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Appropriate fertilizing rate of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) plays an important role to increase growth and yield of oil palm as well as to minimize environmental pollution because of the residues of inorganic fertilizer. This study aimed to explain the effect of P and K fertilizers and determine the optimum rate for a four-year-old oil palm. Experimental design used in each of these experiments were one factor of randomized complete block design factor and consisted of five levels with three replications. The treatment levels used in experiment 1 were 0, 443.75, 887.5, 1331.25, and 1775 g P2O5 per palm per year. The treatment levels used in experiment 2 were 0, 1020.6, 2041.2, 3061.8, and 4082.4 g K2O per palm per year. Application of P fertilizer significantly affected to palm height, trunk girth, stomatal density, leaf P content, bunch number and yield of FFB. The optimum rate of P fertilizer was 924 ± 88 g P2O5 per palm per year. Application of K fertilizer significantly affected to trunk girth, leaf area of frond 17, stomatal density, leaf K content, bunch number and yield of FFB. The optimum rate of K fertilizer was 2760 ± 107 g K2O per palm per year.
Factors effecting pepper production and quality in several production center
Authors: Karmawati E , Ardana I K , Siswanto  , Soetopo D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The decrease of Indonesian pepper production caused by the decrease of productivity in production centre. Many problems faced by smallholders. To find out the real problems of pepper cultivation, a research had been carried out in several production centre such as Lampong, Bangka, Central and West Java with the objectives : a) to explore the problems and the performance of pepper plantation, and b) to identify technology adoption and technology needed. The research were conducted from May through October 2017. The method used was survey by collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through intervieuwing farmers, local government, businessman and extension workers. SWOT analysis and FGD were used to arrange policy recommendations. The problems found out in pepper development in all areas were a) there was limited technologies adoption of seeds, cultivation and processing, b) the shortage of superior varieties in production centre, c) the shortage of farmers capital because of very srare partnership between farmers and businessman, d) very high attack of pest and deseases so that farmers changed their plant into oilpalm and rubber, e) world price fluctuation that farmers could not manage the plantation, d) climate change and e) the shortage of farmers mastering the technology..
Overview of the use of biocontrol agents in the control of Indonesian sugarcane borers
Authors: Nurindah  , Sunarto D A , Sujak  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sugarcane-borers complex in Indonesia consists of a shoot borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis) and four stem borers (Chilo sacchariphagus, C. auricilius, Sesamia inferens and Tetramoera schistaceana). Control of these borers is carried out biologically through the release of egg parasitoid Trichogramma spp. There are four species of mass-produced egg parasitoids and are used in the borer control program, namely Trichogramma japonicum, T. chilonis, T. nanum, and T. minutum. During this time, to measure the level of effectiveness of egg parasitoid releases was through the level of stalk damage. The effectiveness of the release of egg parasitoid should be measured through the mortality rate of borer eggs or parasitization level by the parasitoid. The observations in sugar cane plantations with release and without release of the Trichogramma spp. showed that releases of T. japonicum and T. chilonis were not effective in causing borer egg mortality. The level of parasitization of the borers’ eggs in both plantations was not significantly different, and the parasitization of sugarcane borer eggs was observed mostly due to natural egg parasitoid species, such as Tetrastichus sp., Telenomus sp., and T. chilonis. Biological control of the sugarcane borer complex by mass release of egg parasitoid needs to be reviewed.
Effect of NPK fertilizer, biofertilizer containing N fixer and P solubilizer, and green manure of C. juncea on nutrients uptake and growth of sugarcane
Authors: Djajadi  , Syaputra R , Hidayati S N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Karangploso Research Station to investigate the effect of NPK fertilizer added with biofertilizer containing of N fixing and P solubilizing bacteria plus green manure of C. juncea on nutrient uptake and growth of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). The experiment had 10 treatments: (1) 100% of recommended fertilizer (RF), (2) 100% RF + biofertilizer, (3) 75% RF + biofertilizer, (4) 50% RF + biofertilizer, (5) 100% RF + C. juncea, (6) 75% RF + C. juncea, (7) 50% RF + C. juncea, (8) 100% RF + biofertilizer + C. juncea, (9) 75% RF + biofertilizer + C. juncea, (10) 50% RF + biofertilizer + C. juncea. The ten treatments were arranged in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Results showed that the nutrients uptake attributes (N, P and K) and growth of sugarcane was affected by biofertilizer and C. juncea. The best treatment of the results was combination of biofertilizer and C. juncea with 100% rate of recommended fertilizer of NPK gave the highest of N uptake and length of stalk.