bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered ethanolamine plasmalogen and phosphatidylethanolamine levels in blood plasma of patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Ogawa Shintaro , Hattori Kotaro , Ota Miho , Hidese Shinsuke , Miyakawa Tomoko , Matsumura Ryo , Yokota Yuuki , Ishida Ikki , Matsuo Junko , Yoshida Sumiko , Yamazaki Yasuyo , Goodenowe Dayan , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

AimEthanolamine‐containing phospholipids are synthesized in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in bipolar disorder (BP). In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship of ethanolamine plasmalogen (PLE) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PTE) levels in blood plasma with BP.MethodsPlasma PLE and PTE levels were compared between 34 patients with BP (DSM‐IV) and 38 healthy control participants matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (Japanese). Furthermore, the relationships of plasma PLE and PTE levels with clinical variables were explored.ResultsPlasma PLE levels were significantly lower in patients with BP than in healthy controls (P = 0.0033). In subgroup analyses, plasma PLE levels were significantly lower in patients with BP type I (BP I) than in healthy controls (P = 0.0047); furthermore, plasma PTE levels were significantly lower in patients with BP I than in controls (P = 0.016) and patients with BP type II (BP II) (P = 0.010). Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the discriminatory power of plasma PTE levels for distinguishing between BP I and II was fair (area under the curve = 0.78; P = 0.0095). There were no significant correlations of plasma PLE or PTE levels with depression or manic symptoms in patients.ConclusionsPlasma PLE and PTE levels were associated with BP I, but not with BP II. Moreover, plasma PTE levels differed between patients with BP I and II. Our findings highlight the importance of ethanolamine phospholipids in the pathophysiology of BP, especially BP I.
Dermoscopic findings of a congenital smooth muscle hamartoma in an infant
Authors: Chauhan Payal , Bhardwaj Nancy , Jindal Rashmi , Shirazi Nadia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCutaneous smooth muscle hamartoma is an uncommon, benign tumor developing in the dermis as a result of disorganized hyperproliferation of arrector pili muscle fibers. We present a 1‐month‐old infant with a congenital smooth muscle hamartoma together with the dermoscopic findings of the case. Dermoscopy can be a helpful non‐invasive tool in diagnosing congenital smooth muscle hamartoma due to its distinct findings that help to differentiate it from close mimickers like solitary mastocytoma.
Growth stunting in single ventricle patients after heart transplantation
Authors: Power Alyssa , Schultz Lisa , Dennis Katelin , Rizzuto Sandra , Hollander Amanda M. , Rosenthal David N. , Almond Christopher S. , Hollander Seth A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is common among children with single ventricle (SV) congenital heart disease (CHD). The impact of heart transplantation (HT) on nutritional status in SV patients is understudied. Our aim was to evaluate anthropometric changes in SV patients after HT, compared with those transplanted for cardiomyopathy (CM).MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective chart review of SV and CM patients < 18 years who underwent HT from January 01, 2010 to December 05, 2017. Wasting and stunting were defined as z‐scores for weight‐for‐age or height‐for‐age ≤‐2, respectively. Changes in these indices between HT and 3 years post‐HT were analyzed.ResultsOf 86 eligible patients, 28 (33%) had SV CHD and 58 (67%) had CM. Data were available at 3 years post‐HT for 57 patients. At transplant, wasting was equally present in SV versus CM patients (7/28, 25% vs. 9/58, 16%, P = .22), which remained true at 3 years post‐HT (2/16, 13% vs. 3/41, 7%, P = .61). At transplant, stunting was more common in SV than CM patients (17/28, 61% vs. 8/58, 14%, P < .001). At 3 years post‐HT, 6 of 16 (38%) SV patients and 3 of 41 (7%) CM patients remained stunted (P = .01). Among all patients, wasting decreased from transplant to end‐point (19% vs. 9%, P = .05), but stunting did not (29% vs. 16%, P = .2), such that wasting and stunting were associated at transplant (P < .001) but not at end‐point (P = .17).ConclusionsLongitudinal growth remains impaired for several years after HT in SV patients, even when weight gain is achieved, suggesting that some factors contributing to growth impairment persist despite resolution of SV physiology.
The use of carotenoid pigments as food additives for aquatic organisms and their functional roles
Authors: Pereira da Costa Daniel , Campos Miranda-Filho Kleber 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAquatic organisms have various pigments contained in their body and may be an important characteristic for the consumer choice. Carotenoids are the main group of pigments present in aquatic organisms and play an important role not only in colouring but also in the growth, reproduction and maintenance of these animals. As aquatic animals do not have the ability to synthesize carotenoids, they must be ingested in the food, and in some cases, they are converted into forms that are possible to store or use in the animal metabolism. In this work, information was collected about the colour characteristics of aquatic organisms and their influence on aquaculture. Various dietary ingredients, such as vegetables and microorganisms, may be potential sources of pigments for aquaculture species, reducing production costs and dependence on synthetic sources of carotenoids. Some species with aquaculture potential may be better studied in terms of the ability to use carotenoid pigments and their function in the body.
Current approaches in decoding the molecular mechanisms of long‐term stress in adult farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Hoem Kine Samset , Tveten Ann‐Kristin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAquaculture sustainability and profit is highly dependent on good welfare for farmed fish including the economically important species Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Welfare is closely linked to stress, as prolonged stressful farming conditions can translate into reduced performance and health. Understanding how Atlantic salmon responds to aquaculture‐related stressors has for the past years been a key focus area of research. Present review evaluates the current state of the art by assessing a defined panel of 13 recent articles on the topic. Particular attention is paid to methodological approaches and challenges in investigating chronic stress effects. Stress experiments are performed in profoundly different ways based on scientific interest, and applied stressors range from environmental challenges, for example water quality, to management‐related practices and dietary stress. We show that majority of studies are limited to analysis at the transcriptional level. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR) is the dominating technology, followed by microarray assays. Post‐translational studies are rare, and correlations between changes in transcript expressions and protein levels are generally not explored. We encourage future research to address this knowledge gap, as insight on proteome status may unravel more long‐standing physiological mechanisms towards stress, for example tertiary effects, that can only be postulated by transcriptional analyses. Attention should also be paid to regulatory mechanisms operating on pre‐ and post‐translational levels, for example microRNAs, which may be affected by environmental challenges and play roles in modifying stress responses.
Corticosteroid use is not associated with improved outcomes in acute exacerbation of IPF
Authors: Farrand Erica , Vittinghoff Eric , Ley Brett , Butte Atul J. , Collard Harold R. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveAE‐IPF has profound prognostic implications, preceding approximately half of all IPF‐related deaths. Despite this clinical significance, there are limited data to guide management decisions. Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment despite a lack of strong supporting evidence and mounting concern that they may be harmful. We assessed the impact of corticosteroid therapy on in‐hospital mortality in AE‐IPF patients.MethodsAE‐IPF subjects were retrospectively identified in the UCSF medical centre's electronic health records from 1 January 2010 to 1 August 2018 using a code‐based algorithm followed by case validation. The relationship between corticosteroid treatment and in‐hospital mortality was assessed using a Cox model and a propensity score to control for confounding by indication. Secondary outcomes included hospital readmissions and overall survival.ResultsIn total, 82 AE‐IPF subjects were identified, of whom 37 patients (45%) received corticosteroids. AE‐IPF subjects treated with corticosteroids were more likely to require ICU level care and mechanical ventilation. There was no statistically significant association between corticosteroid treatment and in‐hospital mortality (propensity score weighted, adjusted HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 0.26–6.55; P = 0.74). Overall survival was reduced in AE‐IPF subjects receiving corticosteroids (HR: 6.17; 95% CI: 1.35–28.14; P = 0.019).ConclusionOur study found no evidence that corticosteroid use improves outcomes in IPF patients admitted to the hospital with acute exacerbation. Furthermore, corticosteroid use may contribute to reduced overall survival following an exacerbation. Observational cohort studies using larger real‐world cohorts can more definitively assess the relationship between corticosteroid treatment and short‐term outcomes in AE‐IPF.
Making Sense of Sensitivity: Extending Omitted Variable Bias
Authors: Cinelli Carlos , Hazlett Chad 
Published: December 2019

SummaryWe extend the omitted variable bias framework with a suite of tools for sensitivity analysis in regression models that does not require assumptions on the functional form of the treatment assignment mechanism nor on the distribution of the unobserved confounders, naturally handles multiple confounders, possibly acting non-linearly, exploits expert knowledge to bound sensitivity parameters and can be easily computed by using only standard regression results. In particular, we introduce two novel sensitivity measures suited for routine reporting. The robustness value describes the minimum strength of association that unobserved confounding would need to have, both with the treatment and with the outcome, to change the research conclusions. The partial R2 of the treatment with the outcome shows how strongly confounders explaining all the residual outcome variation would have to be associated with the treatment to eliminate the estimated effect. Next, we offer graphical tools for elaborating on problematic confounders, examining the sensitivity of point estimates and t-values, as well as ‘extreme scenarios’. Finally, we describe problems with a common ‘benchmarking’ practice and introduce a novel procedure to bound the strength of confounders formally on the basis of a comparison with observed covariates. We apply these methods to a running example that estimates the effect of exposure to violence on attitudes toward peace.
The Analysis of Transformations for Profit-and-Loss Data
Authors: Atkinson Anthony C. , Riani Marco , Corbellini Aldo 
Published: December 2019

SummaryWe analyse data on the performance of investment funds, 99 out of 309 of which report a loss, and on the profitability of 1405 firms, 407 of which report losses. The problem in both cases is to use regression to predict performance from sets of explanatory variables. In one case, it is clear from scatter plots of the data that the negative responses have a lower variance than the positive responses and a different relationship with the explanatory variables. Because the data include negative responses, the Box–Cox transformation cannot be used. We develop a robust version of an extension to the Yeo–Johnson transformation which allows different transformations for positive and negative responses. Tests and graphical methods from our robust analysis enable the detection of outliers, the assessment of values of the two transformation parameters and the building of simple regression models. Performance comparisons are made with non-parametric transformations.
Pain and Play: Building Coalitions toward Decolonizing Philosophy
Authors: Sealey Kris F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn what follows I offer three theoretical frameworks out of which we might think through coalition building for the sake of decolonization. My claim is that, through these three frameworks, we can be attentive to the ways we, ourselves are shaped by coloniality as we collectively work to resist it. The first framework is Maria Lugones's account of playful world‐travel. The second concerns the practice of unsuturing, developed George Yancy. And the third is Édouard Glissant's notion of opacity (as that conception pertains to his account of errantry). In bringing these together, I foreground opacity as the cornerstone of an encounter between self and Other, as that encounter figures both in Lugones's account of world traveling, and in Glissant's account of errantry. I use George Yancy's conception of unsuturing to show that it is more productive to think of world‐travel's play as coupled with unsuturing's pain, rather than to think of these comportments as either mutually exclusive or diametrically opposed. Lugones, Glissant, and Yancy show that, out of this pain‐play comportment, our collective commitments to decolonization might result in more effective coalitions against the workings of colonial power, so as to gesture toward the possibility of alternative (decolonial) worlds.
Subsidizing power
Authors: Klomp Jeroen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study explores whether the amount of fossil fuel subsidies paid by the government is subject to an election cycle. Theoretically, it is not a priori directly clear whether the provision of fossil fuel subsidies should go up or down when elections are upcoming. On the one hand, governments may reap electoral benefits from offering additional support in an election year since voters generally prefer candidates from whom they expect to receive greater material well‐being by reducing the prices of basic goods. On the other hand, if the number of recipients is only small or when they are politically not well organized, reducing fossil fuel subsidies to finance a tax cut or an increase in other public spending areas that benefit and attract more voters might be a more successful re‐election strategy. My main empirical findings clearly show a U‐shaped election effect. It turns out that election cycles encourage fossil fuel support only in countries that have either a large or small fossil fuel demand. In these countries, governments are more inclined to provide additional fossil fuel support in an election year. In turn, I do not find any significant evidence for the notion that upcoming elections create a window of opportunity to reduce fossil fuel subsidies. Finally, the significant election effects are in particular visible during presidential elections.
Multifarious person perception: How social perceivers manage the complexity of intersectional targets
Authors: Petsko Christopher D. , Bodenhausen Galen V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStereotyping plays an important role in how we perceive the members of social groups. Yet stereotyping is complicated by the fact that every individual simultaneously belongs to multiple social groups. For example, the stereotypes that are called to mind about a Black individual can vary depending on that person's age, gender, and sexual orientation. This phenomenon—termed intersectional stereotyping—has recently inspired a variety of intriguing research findings. But these research findings pose challenges for prevalent theories of stereotyping. These prevalent theories tend to argue either that (a) perceivers inevitably attend to certain social identities (e.g., gender) when stereotyping intersectional targets, or that (b) perceivers inevitably attend to all detectable social identities at once. In contrast to these perspectives, we argue that perceivers generally attend to just one social identity (or one intersection of identities) at a time when stereotyping intersectional targets, as a function of the social context. For example, gay Black men can be alternately stereotyped as gay people, as Black people, as men, or as gay Black men specifically. The approach described here can account for a diverse array of findings emerging from research on intersectional stereotyping. Moreover, by specifying the factors that render particular identities salient in the minds of social perceivers, this approach offers clear and falsifiable predictions regarding the situated stereotyping of multifaceted individuals.
Using content‐based image retrieval of dermoscopic images for interpretation and education: A pilot study
Authors: Sadeghi Mahya , Chilana Parmit , Yap Jordan , Tschandl Philipp , Atkins M. Stella 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDermoscopic content‐based image retrieval (CBIR) systems provide a set of visually similar dermoscopic (magnified and illuminated) skin images with a pathology‐confirmed diagnosis for a given dermoscopic query image of a skin lesion. Although recent advances in machine learning have spurred novel CBIR algorithms, we have few insights into how end users interact with CBIRs and to what extent CBIRs can be useful for education and image interpretation.Materials and MethodsWe developed an interactive user interface for a CBIR system with dermoscopic images as a decision support tool and investigated users' interactions and decisions with the system. We performed a pilot experiment with 14 non‐medically trained users for a given set of annotated dermoscopic images.ResultsOur pilot showed that the number of correct classifications and users' confidence levels significantly increased with the CBIR interface compared with a non‐CBIR interface, although the timing also increased significantly. The users found the CBIR interface of high educational value, engaging and easy to use.ConclusionOverall, users became more accurate, found the CBIR approach provided a useful decision aid, and had educational value for learning about skin conditions.
Infection by Strongyloides stercoralis in immigrants with Chagas disease: evaluation of eosinophilia as screening method in primary care
Authors: Dopico E. , Rando‐Matos Y. , Solsona L. , Almeda J. , Santos F. L. N. , Vinuesa T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate co‐infection of Strongyloides stercoralis and Trypanosoma cruzi and to assess eosinophilia as a screening test for the detection of S. stercoralis infection in patients with Chagas disease (CD).MethodsA retrospective diagnostic validation study was performed on serum samples from primary care patients diagnosed with CD in the southern Barcelona metropolitan area. All samples with eosinophilia (n = 87) and a random sample of non‐eosinophilic sera (n = 180) were selected. Diagnosis of CD was based on positive serology by means of two tests: ORTHO® T. cruzi ELISA test, and BIO‐FLASH® Chagas or Bioelisa CHAGAS. SCIMEDX ELISA STRONGY‐96 was used to diagnose strongyloidiasis.ResultsStrongyloides stercoralis serology was positive in 15% of patients of whom 95% showed eosinophilia, vs. 21% of those with negative serology (P < 0.001), with differences in the mean eosinophil count (0.49 vs. 0.27 × 109/l). Only 1.1% of patients with CD but without eosinophilia presented positive serology for S. stercoralis, whereas 44% of patients with CD and eosinophilia did (P < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity values for eosinophilia were thus 95% and 79%, respectively. PPV was 42.5% and NPV, 98.9%.ConclusionsThe prevalence of co‐infection by T. cruzi and S. stercoralis is not negligible and has probably been underestimated for years in many areas, due to frequently subclinical infections. Therefore, serology seems mandatory for these patients and the use of eosinophilia as initial screening could facilitate the task, decreasing the number of analyses to be performed.
A Predictive Dispatching Rule Assisted by Multi-Layer Perceptron for Scheduling Wafer Fabrication Lines
Authors: Yu Qingyun , Yang Haolin , Lin Kuo-Yi , Li Li 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Reentrant flow plays an important role for the allocation of limited resources in semiconductor manufacturing. In particular, over- or under-loading of workstations may deteriorate performances of the whole production line. Therefore, load balancing is usually accomplished with dispatching rules to balance the workload to enhance production performance. Focus on the realistic needs, a novel prediction-based dynamic scheduling method with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is proposed for load balancing. This study proposed MLP based on the simulation dataset of empirical industrial fabrication facilities as the prediction model. The prediction outputs incorporated into the dynamic dispatching rule (DDR) for optimal load balancing based on the queue length at each workstation, named as a dynamic scheduling method considering load balancing (DSMLB). Based on the validation, DSMLB compared with the state-of-the-art dispatching rules shows that DSMLB has improved the daily movement, equipment utilization (EU), throughput rate, and cycle time (CT).
Gas–Solid Interfacial Heat Transfer Characteristics of Uncoated and Coated Metal Foams for Both Laminar and Turbulent Flow Regimes
Authors: Wenping Peng , Min Xu , Xiulan Huai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Metal foams have been widely used in many fields requiring excellent heat and mass transfer performance such as heat exchangers and catalytic reactors. However, the movements of gas–solid interfacial heat transfer characteristic curve with the structural parameters of foams for uncoated metal foams and the washcoat thickness for coated metal foams are not explained in depth. In this work, gas–solid interfacial heat transfer characteristics of metal foams without and with a washcoat were studied in detail in both laminar and turbulent flows using the body-centered-cubic (BCC) unit cell model by the method of computational fluid dynamics, considering that the structural parameters of uncoated/coated foams could be accurately controlled in the numerical method. The movements of gas–solid interfacial heat transfer characteristic curve with the structural parameters of foams and the washcoat thickness were successfully verified and explained using the numerical data in both laminar and turbulent flows. The results show that the porosity not the pore/cell diameter is the reason of the moving of gas–solid interfacial heat transfer characteristic curve for uncoated/coated foams. In laminar flow, the porosity influences interfacial heat transfer characteristic curve through the effective thermal conduction of fluid phase; and in turbulent flow, interfacial heat transfer characteristic curve is affected by porosity through the inertial effect of flow. A new correlation of gas–solid interfacial heat transfer coefficient for uncoated/coated metal foams suitable for both laminar and turbulent flows was proposed by taking into consideration this phenomenon.