bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of osteoclasts in oral homeostasis and jawbone diseases
Authors: Omi Maiko , Mishina Yuji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe jawbone is a unique structure as it serves multiple functions in mastication. Given the fact that the jawbone is remodeled faster than other skeletal bones, bone cells in the jawbone may respond differently to local and systemic cues to regulate bone remodeling and adaptation. Osteoclasts are bone cells responsible for removing old bone, playing an essential role in bone remodeling. Although bone resorption by osteoclasts is required for dental tissue development, homeostasis and repair, excessive osteoclast activity is associated with oral skeletal diseases such as periodontitis. In addition, antiresorptive medications used to prevent bone homeostasis of tumors can cause osteonecrosis of the jaws that is a major concern to the dentist. Therefore, understanding of the role of osteoclasts in oral homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions leads to better targeted therapeutic options for skeletal diseases to maintain patients’ oral health. Here, we highlight the unique features of the jawbone compared to the long bone and the involvement of osteoclasts in the jawbone‐specific diseases.
Robust model reference adaptive control for transient performance enhancement
Authors: Yang Jun , Na Jing , Gao Guanbin 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYTo circumvent the potentially poor transient response induced by nonlinear uncertain dynamics in the adaptive control system, this article proposes a new model reference adaptive control design scheme to improve its transient control response. We first construct a compensator to online extract the undesired dynamics in the online learning, which is incorporated into the reference model and control simultaneously. Then, an error feedback term is incorporated into the reference model to speed up the convergence of both the compensator and tracking error. Moreover, a new leakage term containing the estimation error is constructed and then added in the adaptive law to guarantee the convergence of both the estimation error and tracking error. To further reveal the mechanisms behind these proposed methods, a new methodology to analyze the transient error bounds based on L2‐norm and Cauchy‐Schwartz inequality is also developed. Based on the analysis results, we find that the proposed methods can effectively reduce the bound of the tracking error and thus achieve an improved transient control performance without violating the system stability even with high‐gain adaptation. In addition, the frequency‐domain analysis is resorted to show the comparative responses of different adaptive laws, which indicate that the proposed adaptive law can maintain the stability margin even with a high‐gain learning rate. A numerical example is given to demonstrate improved control responses of these proposed schemes.
Adaptive leaderless consensus control of uncertain multiagent systems with unknown control directions
Authors: Cui Qian , Huang Jiangshuai , Gao Tingting 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article solves the leaderless consensus problem of a class of uncertain nonlinear multiagent systems with unknown control directions and unknown system parameters. Without using the Nussbaum function approach, a novel control scheme is proposed by means of the switching mechanism. The control algorithm guarantees that consensus errors converge to the origin asymptotically, and the amplitude of the control signals is much smaller compared with those using Nussbaum functions. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Using transparent fish to observe barotrauma associated with downstream passage through hydropower turbines
Authors: Pflugrath Brett D. , Dowell Frederick E. , Brown Richard S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring downstream passage at hydroelectric facilities, fish can be injured when exposed to rapid decompression; this is especially of concern when passing through turbines. The rapid decrease in pressure can cause barotrauma, as undissolved gas expands according to Boyle's law. However, it is difficult to see barotrauma occurring within the body of the fish in real time. In order to determine if transparent fish could provide greater insight into barotrauma, five species of transparent tropical fish were exposed to rapid decompressions so internal injuries could be viewed without causing further damage to the fish. Before and after photos were taken to review the injuries and high‐speed video allowed observations of barotrauma pathways in vivo. High‐speed video recordings showed the expansion of the swim bladder and subsequent venting of gas through the mouth and gills, and, when swim bladder rupture occurred, the expulsion of gas into the body cavity. Post‐decompression photographs show that many internal injuries were visible and included hemorrhaging and the presence of free intraperitoneal gas within the body cavity and tissues. These observations provide new opportunities to understand the effects of downstream passage through hydropower turbines and the pathways and effects of barotrauma in fish.
Soil‐test biological activity with the flush of CO2: VIII. Soil type and management diversity
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. , Pershing Mary R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoil‐test biological activity (STBA) is a key indicator describing the functions of soil to catabolize organic amendments, promote soil organic C sequestration, and cycle nutrients. We explored how climatic zone, land use, and physiographic region affected the relationship of STBA with several soil fertility properties and processes. Soils from Georgia, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Virginia (wet climate) were Aquults, Fluvents, Udalfs, Udepts, and Udults and soils from Nebraska and Oklahoma (dry climate) were Udolls and Ustolls. Annual cropland and perennial pasture were the land uses. The Prairie region had silt loam and silty clay loams, the Ridge–Valley region had silt loams, and the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions had fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, and sandy loams. Across all locations, STBA with the flush of CO2 during 3 d following rewetting of dried soil was most strongly associated with cumulative C mineralization, basal soil respiration, particulate organic C, potential N mineralization during 24 d of aerobic incubation, residual soil ammonium, soil microbial biomass C, and total soil N. Climatic zone modified the association between STBA and net N mineralization, possibly caused by greater N immobilization in drier soils with 2:1 clays. Physiographic region had a small effect on the relationship between STBA and net N mineralization. Land use did not alter this relationship significantly. Soil‐test biological activity was verified as a robust indicator of soil organic N supply, as well as of general soil biological condition to assess the soil's catabolic potential and potential C storage.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Direct Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Nogues Christophe , Argouarch Gilles 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe commercially available chlorodicarbonylrhodium(I) dimer was shown to be a highly active catalyst in the hydrosilylation of aldimines and ketimines under mild conditions. From these initial results, new procedures for the direct reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones employing this rhodium complex were developed with various primary and secondary amines in the presence of hydrosilanes.
Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity of Silver/Titanium Dioxide/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Coated on Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Ansari Mohammad , Sajjadi Seyed Abdolkarim , Sahebian Samaneh , Heidari Elham Kamali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this investigation Ag, TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by simple and low cost methods and then, they were coated at different concentrations on cotton fabrics. Finally, their morphology, photocatalytic properties and antibacterial activity were assessed. Among them, TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity under ultraviolet irradiations. The results revealed that the combination of Ag, TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles causes the formation of Schottky barrier between metal (Ag) and semiconductors (ZnO and TiO2). Besides, the results indicated that anatase and rutile types of TiO2 nanoparticles form defect at the interface of the phases acting as an electron sink and prevent electron‐hole recombination, and consequently improve photocatalytic properties. Moreover, the optimum photocatalytic and antibacterial activities were observed in the decorated fabrics containing 50 mg ZnO, 50 mg TiO2 and 7.34 mg Ag in 500 ml distilled water. This sample also showed higher antibacterial activity against Shigella than Salmonella Typhi.
Naphthalimide‐Benzothiazole Conjugate: A Dosimetric Probe for Colorimetric and Fluorometric Detection of Palladium
Authors: Pati Chiranjit , Raza Rameez , Ghosh Kumaresh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA naphthalimide‐benzothiazole conjugate 1 as a dosimetric probe has been designed and synthesized. The probe is sensitive to palladium species over a series of other metals in CH3CN‐HEPES buffer [4 : 1 v/v, pH 7.2, 10 mM, NaBH4 (10 mM), PPh3 (10 mM)] and reports the detection both by color and emission changes. Upon addition of increasing concentrations of palladium salts (c=1 x 10−3 M), compound 1 displays distinct absorption at 512 nm with a color change from light yellow to reddish pink. This was in sharp contrast to other metal ions where there was no color change of the solution of 1 as well as no absorption at 512 nm. In fluorescence, emission of the probe is reduced in presence of Pd(0) species. The probe acts as a dosimeter involving Pd‐induced deallylation reaction.
Synthesis of Z‐Scheme CuInS2@BiOBr Heterojunction Composite with Visible‐Light Activity
Authors: Tang Haiqin , Deng Yuehong , Zou Hao , Tan Yawen , Xiang Ye , Xu Yifeng , Wu Wan , Zhou Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, CuInS2 was grown on the surface of flower‐shaped BiOBr by a two‐step hydrothermal method for the first time, and a direct Z‐scheme CuInS2@BiOBr heterojunction structure with close interface contact was successfully prepared. The formation of heterojunctions improves the efficiency of photogenerated carrier transport and separation. Under the visible light irradiation for 75 min, the optimal 5 wt % CuInS2@BiOBr composite material can degrade RhB to 97 %. Radical trapping experiment is shown that holes and superoxide radicals are the main active materials in photocatalytic processes, and a direct Z‐scheme photocatalytic mechanism is proposed.
(−)‐β‐Pinene‐based π‐Allylpalladium Complex‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation of Bis‐Imines
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Nallasivam Jothi L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract(−)‐β‐Pinene‐based η3‐π‐allylpalladium complex has shown the efficacy in the catalytic asymmetric allylation of para‐ and meta‐xylene spaced bis‐arylimines. The complex has catalyzed asymmetric allylation of various bis‐imines in the presence of allyltributylstannane and two equivalents of water to furnish chiral bis‐homoallylamines in moderate to good yields (up to 70%) and enantioselectivities up to 98.6 : 1.4 er.
Dual‐steel frame consisting of moment‐resisting frame and shape memory alloy braces subjected to near‐field earthquakes
Authors: Beiraghi Hamid , Zhou Hao 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this paper, concentric braced frames are combined with moment‐resisting frame (MRF) as a dual system subjected to near‐field (NF) pulse‐like and far‐field ground motions. The braced frame in this system configuration consists of steel buckling‐restrained braces (BRB model), braces with shape memory alloy (SMA model), or combination of BRB and SMA braces (COMBINED model). Some prototype structures of the proposed systems are designed according to the code recommendations. Then, the nonlinear models of the considered structures are developed in SeismoStruct software, and nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA) is implemented. NLTHA is performed subjected to earthquake record sets at maximum considered earthquake (MCE) and design base earthquake (DBE) levels, and responses of the systems are investigated and compared with each other. Among the examined models, the SMA and COMBINED models exceed the CP level subjected to NF‐MCE record set. Therefore, more investigation is needed for using short‐segment SMA braces in the dual‐steel frames in NF area.
Plumbagin protects the myocardial damage by modulating the cardiac biomarkers, antioxidants, and apoptosis signaling in the doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Li Zhe , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Ali Alharbi Sulaiman , Yin Fuyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease created enormous health and economic burdens worldwide, which is responsible for the highest mobility and mortality that results in nearly 6.2% of in‐hospital deaths every year. Plumbagin is a major bioactive compound that occurs in the Plumbago indica and P. zeylanica with numerous therapeutic benefits. The current research exploration was planned to investigate the therapeutic role of plumbagin against doxorubicin stimulated cardiotoxicity in rats. The cardiotoxicity was stimulated to the rats by administering the 2.5 mg/kg of doxorubicin for 14 days with concurrent supplementation with plumbagin. The hemodynamic parameters were studied by using the tail‐cuff plethysmography. The lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status was examined by the standard procedures. The myocardial function and damage markers were assessed with the help of commercial kits. The expression status of inflammatory markers and PI3K/Akt signaling markers were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and western blotting analysis, respectively. The plumbagin supplementation appreciably regained the body weight and heart weight of the investigational animals. Hemodynamic parameters and antioxidants statuses were escalated by the plumbagin treatment. The severe elevation in the cardiac damage markers and inflammatory markers were noticeably ameliorated by the plumbagin treatment. The plumbagin treatment also assuaged the overexpression of inflammatory and apoptotic proteins in the heart tissues of doxorubicin‐challenged rats. The histopathological analysis revealed that the plumbagin appreciably protected the heart tissues from the doxorubicin‐induced damages. The findings of this exploration evidenced that plumbagin treatment attenuated the doxorubicin‐stimulated cardiotoxicity in rats.
Impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on fetal cardiac morphology and function: cohort comparison of second‐ and third‐trimester fetuses
Authors: Yovera L. , Zaharia M. , Jachymski T. , Velicu‐Scraba O. , Coronel C. , de Paco Matallana C. , Georgiopoulos G. , Nicolaides K. H. , Charakida M. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess differences in cardiac morphology and function in fetuses of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared to controls, and to assess whether, in women with GDM, fetal cardiac changes are accentuated with advancing gestational age.MethodsWe studied 112 women with GDM and 224 women with uncomplicated pregnancy at 24–40 weeks' gestation. In all fetuses, a standard four‐chamber oblique view was obtained and offline speckle‐tracking analysis was performed to measure right and left endocardial global longitudinal strain (GLS) and tricuspid and mitral annular plane systolic excursion. Global sphericity index was also calculated. Echocardiographic parameters were compared between GDM fetuses and controls at two gestational time periods of 24 + 0 to 32 + 0 weeks and 32 + 1 to 40 + 1 weeks.ResultsAt 24 + 0 to 32 + 0 weeks, we phenotyped 43 fetuses from mothers with GDM and 71 from uncomplicated pregnancies, and, at 32 + 1 to 40 + 1 weeks, we phenotyped 69 fetuses from mothers with GDM and 153 from women with uncomplicated pregnancy. In fetuses of mothers with GDM, compared to controls, right ventricular functional indices were consistently lower both at 24 + 0 to 32 + 0 weeks and at 32 + 1 to 40 + 1 weeks. Right ventricular GLS was reduced in the GDM group at 24 + 0 to 32 + 0 weeks (adjusted mean difference, 0.7%; 95% CI, 0.3–1.1%) and at 32 + 1 to 40 + 1 weeks (adjusted mean difference, 0.9%; 95% CI, 0.6–1.1%). Fetal left ventricular global longitudinal function was similar in GDM pregnancies compared with controls, with the exception of the contractility of the left ventricular basal segment, which was reduced. Global sphericity index was reduced in GDM pregnancies only at 32 + 1 to 40 + 1 weeks (adjusted mean difference, −0.4; 95% CI, −0.7 to 0.1).ConclusionsThe offspring of women with GDM are at high risk for development of cardiovascular disease in childhood and early adulthood. Our study demonstrates that GDM is associated with a reduction mainly in fetal right ventricular function, compared to controls, and this response is not exaggerated with increasing gestational age. Further studies are needed to determine whether fetuses with the observed alterations in cardiac function are those at highest risk for subsequent development of cardiovascular disease. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Swimming nanorobots for opening a cell membrane mechanically
Authors: Wang Wei , Wu Zhiguang , He Qiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSwimming nanorobots performing efficient self‐propulsion in various biofluids have drawn tremendous attention over 15 years due to their application including active drug delivery, precise cell manipulation, noninvasive surgery, rapid biosensor, and mobile in vivo imaging in the field of biomedicine. However, there are still many challenges in using swimming nanorobots in practice for active drug delivery and therapy, such as biocompatibility of chemical fuels or externally physical fields, biodegradation of synthetic materials, biofouling in bodily fluids, in vivo imaging of swimming nanorobots, and self‐navigation for active targeting. In this review, we highlight the mechanical drilling of cell membranes by swimming nanorobots and discuss the issues, because the cell membranes are one of the key barriers for intracellular drug delivery and drug delivery efficiency of swimming nanorobots. We will summarize the recent advances in swimming nanorobots with different propulsion mechanism and introduce the fundamental issues of interaction between swimming nanorobot and cell membrane. Then, the process, mechanism, and optimization of mechanically opening a cell membrane by swimming nanorobots are discussed and the perspective on the challenge and solution is also included. Such swimming nanorobots capable of mechanically opening a cell membrane could help to better understand the biophysical property of cells and pave the development of precision medicine.
NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases: a clinical review
Authors: Kasper Philipp , Martin Anna , Lang Sonja , Kütting Fabian , Goeser Tobias , Demir Münevver , Steffen Hans-Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver DISEASE (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries and affects approximately 25% of the adult population. Since NAFLD is frequently associated with further metabolic comorbidities such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia, it is generally considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. In addition to its potential to cause liver-related morbidity and mortality, NAFLD is also associated with subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Growing evidence indicates that patients with NAFLD are at substantial risk for the development of hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac arrhythmias, which clinically result in increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The natural history of NAFLD is variable and the vast majority of patients will not progress from simple steatosis to fibrosis and end stage liver disease. However, patients with progressive forms of NAFLD, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and/or advanced fibrosis, as well as NAFLD patients with concomitant types 2 diabetes are at highest risk for CVD. This review describes the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms linking NAFLD and CVD, discusses the role of NAFLD as a metabolic dysfunction associated cardiovascular risk factor, and focuses on common cardiovascular manifestations in NAFLD patients.
Was King Ludwig II of Bavaria misdiagnosed by Gudden and his colleagues?
Authors: Steinberg Reinhard , Falkai Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn 1886, Bernhard von Gudden and three other expert psychiatrists diagnosed the Bavarian King Ludwig II with “paranoia (madness),” a diagnosis that the Bavarian government used to justify removing Ludwig from power. Although Ludwig was not evaluated in detail by the psychiatrists, in their opinion, sworn eyewitness accounts and general knowledge about Ludwig’s behavior provided sufficient grounds for the diagnosis. Ludwig was a great admirer of the musician, Richard Wagner, and shared some of his ideas of an idealistic society. At first, he identified with Wagner’s opera heroes, and he became Wagner’s patron sponsor for life. However, he grew increasingly interested in an absolutist state, envisioning himself as a monarch with a role similar to that of Louis XIV. His multiple building projects, for which he incurred much debt, his conviction that he was descended from the Bourbons through baptism, his increasingly abnormal behavior, and his hallucinations together formed the basis for the psychiatrists’ diagnosis. Although not mentioned in the expert opinion, Ludwig’s homophilic behavior—a scandal at the time—was probably also an important reason for his removal from office. A review of the psychiatric knowledge and societal philosophy of the time indicates that the psychiatrists were correct with their diagnosis in their time.
Predicting intelligence from brain gray matter volume
Authors: Hilger Kirsten , Winter Nils R. , Leenings Ramona , Sassenhagen Jona , Hahn Tim , Basten Ulrike , Fiebach Christian J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA positive association between brain size and intelligence is firmly established, but whether region-specific anatomical differences contribute to general intelligence remains an open question. Results from voxel-based morphometry (VBM) - one of the most widely used morphometric methods - have remained inconclusive so far. Here, we applied cross-validated machine learning-based predictive modeling to test whether out-of-sample prediction of individual intelligence scores is possible on the basis of voxel-wise gray matter volume. Features were derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging data (N = 308) using (a) a purely data-driven method (principal component analysis) and (b) a domain knowledge-based approach (atlas parcellation). When using relative gray matter (corrected for total brain size), only the atlas-based approach provided significant prediction, while absolute gray matter (uncorrected) allowed for above-chance prediction with both approaches. Importantly, in all significant predictions, the absolute error was relatively high, i.e., greater than ten IQ points, and in the atlas-based models, the predicted IQ scores varied closely around the sample mean. This renders the practical value even of statistically significant prediction results questionable. Analyses based on the gray matter of functional brain networks yielded significant predictions for the fronto-parietal network and the cerebellum. However, the mean absolute errors were not reduced in contrast to the global models, suggesting that general intelligence may be related more to global than region-specific differences in gray matter volume. More generally, our study highlights the importance of predictive statistical analysis approaches for clarifying the neurobiological bases of intelligence and provides important suggestions for future research using predictive modeling.