bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Collaboration Among Primary Care–Based Clinical Pharmacists and Community‐Based Health Coaches
Authors: Sorensen Andrea , Grotts Jonathan F. , Tseng Chi‐Hong , Moreno Gerardo , Maranon Richard , Whitmire Natalie , Viramontes Omar , Atkins Sandy , Sefilyan Ester , Simmons June W. , Mangione Carol M. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESMedication discrepancies and adverse drug events are common following hospital discharge. This study evaluates whether a collaboration between community‐based health coaches and primary care–based pharmacists was associated with a reduction in inpatient utilization following hospitalization.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study using propensity score matching.SETTINGUrban academic medical center and surrounding community.PARTICIPANTSIntervention patients (n = 494) were adults aged 65 and older admitted to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Ronald Reagan Medical Center during the study period and who met study inclusion criteria. A matched‐control group was composed of patients with similar demographic and clinical characteristics who were admitted to the study site during the study period but who received usual care (n = 2,470). A greedy algorithm approach was used to conduct the propensity score match.INTERVENTIONFollowing acute hospitalization, a health coach conducted a home visit and transmitted all medication‐related information to a pharmacist based in a primary care practice. The pharmacist compared this information with the patient's electronic medical record medication list and consulted with the patient's primary care provider to optimize medication management.MEASUREMENTSThirty‐day readmissions (primary outcome), 60‐ and 90‐day readmissions, and 30‐day emergency department (ED) visits (secondary outcomes) to UCLA Health.RESULTSAmong 494 patients who received the intervention, 307 (62.1%) were female with a mean age of 83.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 76–90 years). Among 2,470 matched‐control patients, 1,541 (62.4%) were female with a mean age of 82.7 years (IQR = 74.9–89.5 years). For the propensity score match, standardized mean differences were below .1 for 23 of 25 variables, indicating good balance. Patients who received this intervention had a significantly lower predicted probability of being readmitted within 30 days compared with matched‐control patients (10.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.9–13.2) vs 21.4%; 95% CI = 19.8–23.0; P value < .001).CONCLUSIONA home visit conducted by a health coach combined with a medication review by a primary care–based pharmacist may prevent subsequent inpatient utilization.
Bag‐1 mediates glucocorticoid receptor trafficking to mitochondria after corticosterone stimulation: Potential role in regulating affective resilience
Authors: Luo Shaolei , Hou Yangyang , Zhang Yaping , Feng Lei , Hunter Richard G. , Yuan Peixiong , Jia Yue , Li Haoran , Wang Gang , K. Manji Husseini , S. McEwen Bruce , Xiao Chunjie , Bao Hongkun , Du Jing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMolecular abnormalities within the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) stress signaling pathway involved in dysfunction of mitochondria and confer vulnerability to stress‐related psychiatric disorders. Bcl‐2 associated athanogene (Bag‐1) is a target for the actions of mood stabilizers. Bag‐1 interacts with GR, thereby regulating glucocorticoid function. In this study, we investigate the potential role of Bag‐1 in regulating GR translocation into mitochondria. Corticosterone (CORT) treatment significantly enhanced Bag‐1/GR complex formation and GR mitochondrial translocation in cultured rat cortical neurons after treatment for 30 min and 24 hr. By contrast, after stimulation with CORT for 3 days, localization of the Bag‐1/GR complex and mitochondrial GR were reduced. Similar results were obtained in mice, in which administrated CORT in drinking water for 21 days significantly impaired the GR levels in the mitochondria, while Bag‐1 over‐expression rescued this reduction. Furthermore, chronic CORT exposure led to anhedonia‐like and depression‐like behaviors in the sucrose‐consumption test and forced swimming test, and these behaviors were rescued by Bag‐1 over‐expression. These results suggest that Bag‐1 mediates GR trafficking to mitochondria and regulates affective resilience in response to a CORT increase and provide potential insight into the mechanisms by which Bag‐1 and GR could contribute to the physiology and pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders in response to the change of stress hormone.
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Relation of exercise and pain in patients with idiopathic distal axonal polyneuropathies
Authors: Stewart Sarah , Thomas Simone , Van Doormaal Perry TC , Höke Ahmet 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough exercise is associated with better outcomes in patients with some peripheral neuropathies, data in idiopathic peripheral neuropathies is lacking. This study was completed to do a comprehensive data analysis about the benefits of regular exercise in a well‐characterized cohort of patients with idiopathic distal, symmetrical, axonal polyneuropathy enrolled in the Peripheral Neuropathy Research Registry (PNRR) at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. From the patient‐reported exercise habits, metabolic equivalents (METs) were calculated and the patient information was grouped into four categories. The PNRR data set, including patient reported pain, numbness, and weakness, was analyzed using the METs categories to evaluate for the benefits of exercise. We controlled for the components of metabolic syndrome including Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), high density lipids (HDL) and triglyceride level, and body mass index (BMI) as defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines. Lower METs were associated with neuropathic pain, but not with other peripheral neuropathy symptoms. Patients with IPN who exercised were less likely to have painful neuropathy independent of the average METs per week (P < .01). No significant differences were seen for patient reported numbness, weakness, or balance issues. The data suggests that patients with idiopathic neuropathy benefit from exercises even if performed on a low intensity level or less frequently, and patients are less likely to have severe pain symptoms when exercising on a regular basis.
National income and trust
Authors: Brückner Markus , Chong Alberto , Gradstein Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe explore whether national economic prosperity enhances mutual generalized trust. This is done using a panel data of multiple waves of the World Values Surveys, whereby national income levels are instrumented for using exogenous oil price shocks. We find significant and substantial effects of national income on the level of trust in the economy. In particular, a 1% increase in national income tends to cause an average increase of 1 percentage point (or more) in the likelihood that a person becomes trustful. We also identify crime and corruption as potential mechanisms that may lead to the reported causal effect and explore heterogeneous effects across individuals.
Prevalence of suicide‐related behaviors among physicians: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dong Min , Zhou Fu‐Chun , Xu Shi‐Wei , Zhang Qinge , Ng Chee H. , Ungvari Gabor S. , Xiang Yu‐Tao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveSuicide is a major cause of premature death among physicians, but the prevalence of suicide‐related behaviors (including suicidal ideation, SI and suicide attempt, SA) is inconsistent across studies. This meta‐analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of suicide‐related behaviors among physicians and its associated factors.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched from commencement date to August 14, 2018. Eligible studies on the prevalence of suicide‐related behaviors among physicians were included.ResultsThirty‐five eligible studies with 70,368 physicians were included. The lifetime prevalence of SI was 17.4% (95% CI: 13.8%–21.8%), while the 1‐year prevalence was 8.6% (95% CI: 7.1%–10.3%), 6‐month prevalence was 11.9% (95% CI: 2.7%–39.2%), and 1‐month prevalence was 8.6% (95% CI: 5.6%–13.0%). The lifetime prevalence of SA was 1.8% (95% CI: 0.9%–3.7%), while the 1‐year prevalence was 0.3% (95% CI: 0.1%–0.8%). Subgroup analyses revealed that geographic region was significantly associated with lifetime and 1‐year prevalence of SI, while sample size was significantly associated with 1‐month prevalence of SI.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis found a relatively high prevalence of suicide‐related behaviors, particularly lifetime SI, among physicians. Appropriate preventive and treatment measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of suicide‐related behaviors in this population.
Longest continuously erupting large igneous province driven by plume-ridge interaction
Authors: Jiang Qiang , Jourdan Fred , Olierook Hugo K.H. , Merle Renaud E. , Whittaker Joanne M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLarge igneous provinces (LIPs) typically form in one short pulse of ∼1–5 Ma or several punctuated ∼1–5 Ma pulses. Here, our 25 new 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages for the main construct of the Kerguelen LIP—the Cretaceous Southern and Central Kerguelen Plateau, Elan Bank, and Broken Ridge—show continuous volcanic activity from ca. 122 to 90 Ma, a long lifespan of &gt;32 Ma. This suggests that the Kerguelen LIP records the longest, continuous high-magma-flux emplacement interval of any LIP. Distinct from both short-lived and multiple-pulsed LIPs, we propose that Kerguelen is a different type of LIP that formed through long-term interactions between a mantle plume and mid-ocean ridge, which is enabled by multiple ridge jumps, slow spreading, and migration of the ridge. Such processes allow the transport of magma products away from the eruption center and result in long-lived, continuous magmatic activity.
Physical activity is good for older adults—but is programme implementation being overlooked? A systematic review of intervention studies that reported frameworks or measures of implementation
Authors: Gray Samantha M , McKay Heather A , Nettlefold Lindsay , Race Douglas , Macdonald Heather M , Naylor Patti-Jean , Sims-Gould Joanie 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo examine older adult physical activity (PA) intervention studies that evaluated implementation and/or scale-up. Research question 1: What implementation and/or scale-up indicators (specific, observable and measurable characteristics that show the progress of implementation) were reported? Research question 2: What implementation and/or scale-up frameworks were reported? Research question 3: Did studies evaluate the relationship between implementation or scale-up of the intervention and individual level health/behaviour outcomes? If yes, how?DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPublications from electronic databases and hand searches (2000 to December 2019).Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesAny PA intervention studies with community-dwelling older adult participants (mean age ≥60 years). Required indicators: (a) Must report amount of PA as an outcome, with validated self-report or objective measures, and (b) Must have reported at least one implementation or scale-up framework and/or one implementation or scale-up indicator.Results137 studies were included for research question 1, 11 for question 2 and 22 for question 3. 137 studies reported an implementation indicator: 14 unique indicators. None were specified as indicators for scale-up evaluation. 11 studies were guided by an implementation or scale-up framework. 22 studies described a relationship between an implementation indicator and an individual-level health outcome.ConclusionThere is need for implementation research that extends beyond analysis at the individual level, includes clearly defined indicators and provides a guiding framework to support PA initiatives in older adults. Such implementation studies should evaluate factors in the broader context (eg,political, environmental) that influence scale-up.PROSPERO registrationCRD42018091839
Fifteen year quality of life outcomes in men with localised prostate cancer: population based Australian prospective study
Authors: Mazariego Carolyn G , Egger Sam , King Madeleine T , Juraskova Ilona , Woo Henry , Berry Martin , Armstrong Bruce K , Smith David P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
To assess treatment related changes in quality of life up to 15 years after diagnosis of localised prostate cancer.

Design
Population based, prospective cohort study with follow-up over 15 years.

Setting
New South Wales, Australia.

Participants
1642 men with localised prostate cancer, aged less than 70, and 786 controls randomly recruited from the New South Wales electoral roll into the New South Wales Prostate Cancer Care and Outcomes Study (PCOS).

Main outcome measures
General health and disease specific quality of life were self-reported at seven time points over a 15 year period, using the 12-item Short Form Health Survey scale, University of California, Los Angeles prostate cancer index, and expanded prostate cancer index composite short form (EPIC-26). Adjusted mean differences were calculated with controls as the comparison group. Clinical significance of adjusted mean differences was assessed by the minimally important difference, defined as one third of the standard deviation (SD) from the baseline score.

Results
At 15 years, all treatment groups reported high levels of erectile dysfunction, depending on treatment (62.3% (active surveillance/watchful waiting, n=33/53) to 83.0% (non-nerve sparing radical prostatectomy, n=117/141)) compared with controls (42.7% (n=44/103)). Men who had external beam radiation therapy or high dose rate brachytherapy or androgen deprivation therapy as primary treatment reported more bowel problems. Self-reported urinary incontinence was particularly prevalent and persistent for men who underwent surgery, and an increase in urinary bother was reported in the group receiving androgen deprivation therapy from 10 to 15 years (year 10: adjusted mean difference −5.3, 95% confidence interval −10.8 to 0.2; year 15: −15.9; −25.1 to −6.7).

Conclusions
Patients receiving initial active treatment for localised prostate cancer had generally worse long term self-reported quality of life than men without a diagnosis of prostate cancer. Men treated with radical prostatectomy faired especially badly, particularly in relation to long term sexual outcomes. Clinicians and patients should consider these long term quality of life outcomes when making treatment decisions.
Individual Psychosocial Resilience, Neighborhood Context, and Cardiovascular Health in Black Adults
Authors: Kim Jeong Hwan , Islam Shabatun J. , Topel Matthew L. , Ko Yi-An , Mujahid Mahasin S. , Vaccarino Viola , Liu Chang , Sims Mario , Mubasher Mohamed , Searles Charles D. , Dunbar Sandra B. , Pemu Priscilla , Taylor Herman A. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Baltrus Peter , Lewis Tené T. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Despite well-documented cardiovascular disparities between racial groups, within-race determinants of cardiovascular health among Black adults remain understudied. Factors promoting cardiovascular resilience among Black adults in particular warrant further investigation. Our objective was to examine whether individual psychosocial resilience and neighborhood-level cardiovascular resilience were associated with better cardiovascular health in Black adults, measured utilizing Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) scores.

Methods:
We assessed LS7 scores in 389 Black adults (mean age, 53±10 years; 39% men) living in Atlanta, Georgia. A composite score of individual psychosocial resilience was created by assessing environmental mastery, purpose in life, optimism, resilient coping, and depressive symptoms. Neighborhood-level cardiovascular resilience was separately determined by the census tract-level rates of cardiovascular mortality/morbidity events. Generalized linear mixed regression models were used to examine the association between individual psychosocial resilience, neighborhood cardiovascular resilience, and LS7 scores.

Results:
Higher individual psychosocial resilience was significantly associated with higher LS7 (β=0.38 [0.16–0.59] per 1 SD) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors. Similarly, higher neighborhood-level cardiovascular resilience was significantly associated with higher LS7 (β=0.23 [0.02–0.45] per 1 SD). When jointly examined, high individual psychosocial resilience (>median) was independently associated with higher LS7 (β=0.73 [0.31–1.17]), whereas living in high-resilience neighborhoods (>median) was not. The largest difference in LS7 score was between those with high and low psychosocial resilience living in low-resilience neighborhoods (8.38 [7.90–8.86] versus 7.42 [7.04–7.79]).

Conclusions:
Individual psychosocial resilience in Black adults is associated with better cardiovascular health.
Prehospital Triage Strategies for the Transportation of Suspected Stroke Patients in the United States
Authors: Venema Esmee , Burke James F. , Roozenbeek Bob , Nelson Jason , Lingsma Hester F. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Kent David M. 
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose:
Ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) could benefit from direct transportation to an intervention center for endovascular treatment, but non-LVO patients need rapid IV thrombolysis in the nearest center. Our aim was to evaluate prehospital triage strategies for suspected stroke patients in the United States.

Methods:
We used a decision tree model and geographic information system to estimate outcome of suspected stroke patients transported by ambulance within 4.5 hours after symptom onset. We compared the following strategies: (1) Always to nearest center, (2) American Heart Association algorithm (ie, directly to intervention center if a prehospital stroke scale suggests LVO and total driving time from scene to intervention center is <30 minutes, provided that the delay would not exclude from thrombolysis), (3) modified algorithms with a maximum additional driving time to the intervention center of <30 minutes, <60 minutes, or without time limit, and (4) always to intervention center. Primary outcome was the annual number of good outcomes, defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2. The preferred strategy was the one that resulted in the best outcomes with an incremental number needed to transport to intervention center (NNTI) <100 to prevent one death or severe disability (modified Rankin Scale score of >2).

Results:
Nationwide implementation of the American Heart Association algorithm increased the number of good outcomes by 594 (+1.0%) compared with transportation to the nearest center. The associated number of non-LVO patients transported to the intervention center was 16 714 (NNTI 28). The modified algorithms yielded an increase of 1013 (+1.8%) to 1369 (+2.4%) good outcomes, with a NNTI varying between 28 and 32. The algorithm without time limit was preferred in the majority of states (n=32 [65%]), followed by the algorithm with <60 minutes delay (n=10 [20%]). Tailoring policies at county-level slightly reduced the total number of transportations to the intervention center (NNTI 31).

Conclusions:
Prehospital triage strategies can greatly improve outcomes of the ischemic stroke population in the United States, but increase the number of non-LVO stroke patients transported to an intervention center. The current American Heart Association algorithm is suboptimal as a nationwide policy and should be modified to allow more delay when directly transporting LVO-suspected patients to an intervention center.
Permissive HLA-DPB1 mismatches in HCT depend on immunopeptidome divergence and editing by HLA-DM
Authors: Meurer Thuja , Crivello Pietro , Metzing Maximilian , Kester Michel , Megger Dominik A. , Chen Weiqiang , van Veelen Peter A. , van Balen Peter , Westendorf Astrid M. , Homa Georg , Layer Sophia E. , Turki Amin T. , Griffioen Marieke , Horn Peter A. , Sitek Barbara , Beelen Dietrich W. , Falkenburg J. H. Frederik , Arrieta-Bolaños Esteban , Fleischhauer Katharina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), permissive HLA-DPB1 mismatches between patients and their unrelated donors are associated with improved outcomes compared with nonpermissive mismatches, but the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we used mass spectrometry, T-cell receptor-β (TCRβ) deep sequencing, and cellular in vitro models of alloreactivity to interrogate the HLA-DP immunopeptidome and its role in alloreactive T-cell responses. We find that permissive HLA-DPB1 mismatches display significantly higher peptide repertoire overlaps compared with their nonpermissive counterparts, resulting in lower frequency and diversity of alloreactive TCRβ clonotypes in healthy individuals and transplanted patients. Permissiveness can be reversed by the absence of the peptide editor HLA-DM or the presence of its antagonist, HLA-DO, through significant broadening of the peptide repertoire. Our data establish the degree of immunopeptidome divergence between donor and recipient as the mechanistic basis for the clinically relevant permissive HLA-DPB1 mismatches in HCT and show that permissiveness is dependent on HLA-DM–mediated peptide editing. Its key role for harnessing T-cell alloreactivity to HLA-DP highlights HLA-DM as a potential novel target for cellular and immunotherapy of leukemia.
Generating realistic null hypothesis of cancer mutational landscapes using SigProfilerSimulator
Authors: Bergstrom Erik N. , Barnes Mark , Martincorena Iñigo , Alexandrov Ludmil B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Performing a statistical test requires a null hypothesis. In cancer genomics, a key challenge is the fast generation of accurate somatic mutational landscapes that can be used as a realistic null hypothesis for making biological discoveries.

Results
Here we present SigProfilerSimulator, a powerful tool that is capable of simulating the mutational landscapes of thousands of cancer genomes at different resolutions within seconds. Applying SigProfilerSimulator to 2144 whole-genome sequenced cancers reveals: (i) that most doublet base substitutions are not due to two adjacent single base substitutions but likely occur as single genomic events; (ii) that an extended sequencing context of ± 2 bp is required to more completely capture the patterns of substitution mutational signatures in human cancer; (iii) information on false-positive discovery rate of commonly used bioinformatics tools for detecting driver genes.

Conclusions
SigProfilerSimulator’s breadth of features allows one to construct a tailored null hypothesis and use it for evaluating the accuracy of other bioinformatics tools or for downstream statistical analysis for biological discoveries. SigProfilerSimulator is freely available at https://github.com/AlexandrovLab/SigProfilerSimulator with an extensive documentation at https://osf.io/usxjz/wiki/home/.