bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep restriction alters children’s positive emotional responses, but effects are moderated by anxiety
Authors: Alfano Candice A. , Bower Joanne L. , Harvey Allison G. , Beidel Deborah C. , Sharp Carla , Palmer Cara A. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAn abundance of cross‐sectional research links inadequate sleep with poor emotional health, but experimental studies in children are rare. Further, the impact of sleep loss is not uniform across individuals and pre‐existing anxiety might potentiate the effects of poor sleep on children’s emotional functioning.MethodsA sample of 53 children (7–11 years, M = 9.0; 56% female) completed multimodal, assessments in the laboratory when rested and after two nights of sleep restriction (7 and 6 hr in bed, respectively). Sleep was monitored with polysomnography and actigraphy. Subjective reports of affect and arousal, psychophysiological reactivity and regulation, and objective emotional expression were examined during two emotional processing tasks, including one where children were asked to suppress their emotional responses.ResultsAfter sleep restriction, deleterious alterations were observed in children’s affect, emotional arousal, facial expressions, and emotion regulation. These effects were primarily detected in response to positive emotional stimuli. The presence of anxiety symptoms moderated most alterations in emotional processing observed after sleep restriction.ConclusionsResults suggest inadequate sleep preferentially impacts positive compared to negative emotion in prepubertal children and that pre‐existing anxiety symptoms amplify these effects. Implications for children’s everyday socioemotional lives and long‐term affective risk are highlighted.
Life history and population dynamics of an endangered seahorse (Hippocampus capensis) within an artificial habitat
Authors: Claassens Louw , Harasti David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpecies‐specific life‐history information is critical for successful conservation, particularly in establishing an accurate baseline status. Obtaining such information is challenging for most species, but in particular for rare and threatened marine species. To facilitate future conservation of the endangered Knysna seahorse (Hippocampus capensis) this study aimed to determine important life‐history information for this species. Visible implant fluorescent elastomer (VIFE) tags were used to mark 78 seahorses within a residential marina estate in the Knysna estuary, South Africa, in February 2018. Using a mark‐resight approach, the size and movement patterns of the population and growth rate of seahorses were determined over a 14‐month period. The closed population estimate for H. capensis, within Thesen Islands Marina, was estimated to be 134 (118–152 95% C.I.) in February 2018 compared to only 72 (48–108 95% C.I.) in February 2019. The species showed rapid initial growth with males and females having similar rates of growth based on the specialised von Bertalanffy growth function model. The importance of Reno mattresses as a habitat for H. capensis was confirmed based on the high abundance and site fidelity of the population, which emphasises the conservation potential of heavily modified environments for threatened seahorse species. The use of VIFE tags was deemed effective in studying this endangered seahorse and allowed the collection of important information for this species which can be used in future Red List assessments and conservation actions.
Estimating population parameters of broadnose sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus) using photo identification capture‐recapture
Authors: Lewis Robert , Dawson Steve , Rayment William 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe broadnose sevengill shark (Notorynchus cepedianus) is a common high trophic‐level predator around coastal New Zealand. Data on the ecology of the species in New Zealand are severely lacking, and anthropogenic impacts are unquantified. To partially address this, the authors undertook a study of the demographics of a population at Stewart Island. Sampling trips were carried out seasonally from winter 2016 to spring 2017. A baited underwater video system (BUV) was deployed on 133 occasions (mean = 22.2 deployments per season) in a shallow coastal embayment to capture underwater video of N. cepedianus for photo identification of individuals. N. cepedianus was detected on all but one deployment. Images extracted from video recorded the presence of 149 different individuals. Capture‐recapture analysis of these data using robust design methods indicated a seasonal trend in abundance of the population using the study area, ranging from 34 (95% C.I. = 21–55) during winter 2016, to 94 (95% C.I. = 44–199) during spring 2017. This study presents the first data on demographic parameters of N. cepedianus in New Zealand.
A systematic approach to assess the environmental impact of emerging technologies: A case study for the GHG footprint of CIGS solar photovoltaic laminate
Authors: van der Hulst Mitchell K. , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , van Loon Niels , Theelen Mirjam , Kootstra Lucinda , Bergesen Joseph D. , Hauck Mara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEstimating the environmental impact of emerging technologies at different stages of development is uncertain but necessary to guide investment, research, and development. Here, we propose a systematic procedure to assess the future impacts of emerging technologies. In the technology development stage (technology readiness level < 9), the recommended experience mechanisms to take into account are (a) process changes, (b) size scaling effects, and (c) process synergies. These developments can be based on previous experience with similar technologies or quantified through regression or engineering dimension calculations. In the industrial development phase, (d) industrial learning, based on experience curves or roadmaps, and (e) external developments should be included. External developments, such as changes in the electricity mix can be included with information from integrated assessment models. We show the applicability of our approach with the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint evaluation for the production of copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) photovoltaic laminate. We found that the GHG footprint per kilowatt peak of produced CIGS laminate is expected to decrease by 83% going from pilot to mature industrial scale production with the largest decrease being due to expected process changes. The feasibility of applying our approach in practice would greatly benefit from the development of a database containing information on size scaling and experience rates for a wide variety of materials, products, and technologies.
OsbZIP76 interacts with OsNF‐YBs and regulates endosperm cellularization in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Niu Baixiao , Deng Hui , Li Tingting , Sharma Sandeep , Yun Qianbin , Li Qianru , E Zhiguo , Chen Chen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFollowing double fertilization, plant endosperm nuclei undergo syncytial divisions, followed by synchronous cellularization. Cellularization is a key event during endosperm development, but our understanding of its regulation is limited to Arabidopsis. In this study we show that OsbZIP76 regulates cellularization in rice (Oryza sativa). Activation of OsbZIP76 coincided with the initiation of cellularization, and its knockdown or knockout mutants exhibited precocious cellularization. Genes involved in endosperm development or starch biosynthesis were prematurely activated in the osbzip76 caryopsis. As a putative transcription factor, OsbZIP76 alone lacked transcriptional activation activity; however, it interacted with the nuclear factor Y (NF‐Y) family transcription factors OsNF‐YB9 and OsNF‐YB1 in yeast and in planta. OsbZIP76 and OsNF‐YB9 were predominantly expressed in the endosperm and the proteins colocalized. Seeds of osnf‐yb1 and osbzip76 mutants showed reduced size and reduced apparent amylose content. The parent‐of‐origin‐dependent expression of OsbZIP76 is variable in different rice accessions. In summary, OsbZIP76 is an endosperm‐expressed imprinted gene that regulates endosperm development in rice.
Improving children's nutritional status in Cambodia: Multidimensional poverty and early integrated interventions
Authors: Karpati Julia , de Neubourg Chris , Laillou Arnaud , Poirot Etienne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOne in three Cambodian children under 5 years of age are stunted. This study adopted a multidimensional approach to understand the influence of a series of contextual factors on the nutritional status of Cambodian children. In this study, we use a multidimensional poverty framework to identify a combination of interventions likely to achieve reductions in child stunting, in Cambodia. We used the UNICEF Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis tool and data from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2014 to assess children's multidimensional poverty across nutrition, health, early childhood development, water, sanitation, and housing dimensions. We found that 80% of children under age five were deprived in at least two poverty dimensions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that reducing the likelihood of being deprived in three or more poverty dimensions was associated with a significant reduction of the probability of being stunted, after controlling for potential confounders. The combined probability of nondeprivation in nutrition, sanitation, and health dimensions had the largest effect on reducing the probability of stunting. The results of this study highlight the multiple, intersecting needs of children and their associated explanatory factors. Targeted and integrated cross‐sectoral policies that reinforce comprehensive early childhood interventions are needed for improving nutritional status as part of a wider set of child poverty reduction measures in Cambodia.
The novel phosphatase RosC catalyzes the last unknown step of roseoflavin biosynthesis in Streptomyces davaonensis
Authors: Schneider Carmen , Konjik Valentino , Kißling Lena , Mack Matthias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe bacterium Streptomyces davaonensis produces the antibiotic roseoflavin, which is a riboflavin (vitamin B2) analog. The key enzyme of roseoflavin biosynthesis is the 8‐demethyl‐8‐amino‐riboflavin‐5ʹ‐phosphate (AFP) synthase RosB which synthesizes AFP from riboflavin‐5ʹ‐phosphate. AFP is not a substrate for the last enzyme of roseoflavin biosynthesis the N, N‐dimethyltransferase RosA, which generates roseoflavin from 8‐demethyl‐8‐amino‐riboflavin (AF). Consequently, the roseoflavin biosynthetic pathway depends on a phosphatase, which dephosphorylates AFP to AF. Here, we report on the identification and characterization of such an AFP phosphatase which we named RosC. The gene rosC is located immediately downstream of rosA and both genes are part of a cluster comprising 10 genes. Deletion of rosC from the chromosome of S. davaonensis led to reduced roseoflavin levels in the corresponding recombinant strain. In contrast to wild‐type S. davaonensis, cell‐free extracts of the rosC deletion strain did not catalyze dephosphorylation of AFP. RosC was purified from an overproducing Escherichia coli strain. RosC is the fastest enzyme of roseoflavin biosynthesis (kcat 31.3 ± 1.4 min–1). The apparent KM for the substrate AFP was 34.5 µM. Roseoflavin biosynthesis is now completely understood––it takes three enzymes (RosB, RosC, and RosA) to convert the flavin cofactor riboflavin‐5ʹ‐phosphate into a potent antibiotic.
Passive acoustic monitoring of the distribution patterns of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in the middle reaches of the Ayeyarwady River, Myanmar
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Tao , Duan Peng‐Xiang , Akamatsu Tomonari , Wang Ke‐Xiong , Wang Ding 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) are an endangered species. Thus, up‐to‐date information on the distribution pattern of dolphins is critical for its proper management and conservation. Using a towed passive acoustic monitoring device, the distribution pattern of the Irrawaddy dolphins in the middle reaches of the Ayeyarwady River, Myanmar, was investigated during a vessel‐based survey between Mingun and Katha. This region was successively divided into segments 1–4 from upstream to downstream. Sixteen echolocation encounters, with a series of click trains separated by <8 min and 26 dolphin acoustic trajectories were recorded. The mean dolphin detection rate (animals/kilometer) across the four segments progressively increased from upstream to downstream. High relative abundance was observed in segment 4 (46%) and segment 1 (23%) which was consistent with findings from historical boat‐based visual surveys. The averaged interclick intervals of each click train in segment 2 and 4 was significantly shorter than that in segment 3, indicating that the dolphins in these segments frequently use shorter‐ranged biosonar. More frequent and consistent surveys with a systematic sampling track design that incorporates other factors and covering the whole distribution range along the Ayeyarwady River and at varied water levels are needed in the future.
Effect of remote patient management in peritoneal dialysis on haemodynamic and volume control
Authors: Yeter Hasan H. , Karacalik Ceren , Eraslan Esra , Akcay Omer F. , Derici Ulver , Ronco Claudio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimReduced treatment compliance in patients with peritoneal dialysis facilitates the development of fluid overload and as a result increased blood pressure and vascular stiffness in the long term. We aimed to evaluate blood pressure change and anti‐hypertensive needs of patients within 1 year after the changeover to remote monitoring automated peritoneal dialysis (RM‐APD) and compare the effect of RM‐APD and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) on peripheral and central haemodynamic parameters, volume status of patients and anti‐hypertensive drug needs.MethodsThis was an observational and cross‐sectional study. We enrolled 15 patients performing CAPD, 20 patients performing RM‐APD, and 38 age, and gender‐matched healthy control. We measured pulse wave velocity to assess arterial stiffness, peripheral and central haemodynamic parameters. We measured the volume status of participants via bioimpedance spectroscopy.ResultsThe mean excess hydration of patients who underwent CAPD were higher than those who performed RM‐APD and healthy control (P = .02). We found that mean diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, central systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and central pulse pressure were significantly different between the RM‐APD, CAPD and healthy control (P = .02, P = .05, P = .007, P = .05 and P = .005, respectively). Post hoc analysis of these results showed that the differences between the groups were caused by the healthy control group and the patients with underwent CAPD. Daily anti‐hypertensive drug count in patients with performing RM‐APD was reduced over time (P < .001).ConclusionThe RM‐APD provides better control of peripheral blood pressure and decrease of central haemodynamic parameters via controlling the excess body water.
Going to war on COVID‐19: Mobilizing an academic nephrology group practice
Authors: Lee Martin B.‐H. , Chua Horng R. , Wong Weng K. , Chan Gek C. , Leo Christopher C. H. , Vathsala A. , Teo Boon W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe COVID‐19 pandemic poses unprecedented operational challenges to nephrology divisions in every country as they cope with COVID‐19‐related kidney disease in addition to regular patient care. Although general approaches have been proposed, there is a lack of practical guidance for nephrology division response in a hospital facing a surge of cases. Here, we describe the specific measures that our division has taken in the hope that our experience in Singapore may be helpful to others.MethodsDescriptive narrative.ResultsA compilation of operational responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic taken by a nephrology division at a Singapore university hospital.ConclusionNephrology operational readiness for COVID‐19 requires a clinical mindset shift from usual standard of care to a crisis exigency model that targets best outcomes for available resources. Rapid multi‐disciplinary efforts that evolve flexibly with the local dynamics of the outbreak are required.
Arabidopsis BRCA1 represses RRTF1‐mediated ROS production and ROS‐responsive gene expression under dehydration stress
Authors: Wang Jie , Nan Nan , Shi Lulu , Li Ning , Huang Shuangzhan , Zhang Ai , Liu Yutong , Guo Peng , Liu Bao , Xu Zheng‐Yi 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as important secondary messengers in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and induce stomatal closure under dehydration stress. The breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), an important tumor suppressor in animals, functions primarily in the maintenance of genome integrity in animals and plants. However, whether and how the plant BRCA1 regulates intracellular ROS homeostasis in guard cells under dehydration stress remains unknown.

Here, we found that Arabidopsis atbrca1 loss‐of‐function mutants showed dehydration stress tolerance. This stress tolerant phenotype of atbrca1 was a result of ABA‐ and ROS‐induced stomatal closure, which was enhanced in atbrca1 mutants compared with the wild‐type. AtBRCA1 downregulated the expression of ROS‐responsive and marker genes. Notably, these genes were also the targets of the AP2/ERF transcriptional activator RRTF1/ERF109.

Under normal conditions, AtBRCA1 physically interacted with RRTF1 and inhibited its binding to the GCC‐box‐like sequence in target gene promoters. Under dehydration stress, the expression of AtBRCA1 was dramatically reduced and that of RRTF1 was activated, thus inducing the expression of ROS‐responsive genes.

Overall, our study reveals a novel molecular function of AtBRCA1 in the transcriptional regulation of intracellular ROS homeostasis under dehydration stress.
2020 guidelines for conducting plastic reconstructive short‐term surgical projects in low‐middle income countries
Authors: Politis George D. , Gregory George , Yudkowitz Francine S. , Fisher Quentin A. , Bhettay Anisa Z. , Wexler Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany low‐ or middle‐income countries (LMICs) continue to suffer from a lack of safe and timely essential and emergency surgery despite growing attention to this problem. Short‐term surgical projects (STSPs) continue to play an important role in addressing LMIC unmet surgical need and strengthening local healthcare systems. Guidelines here present recommendations for performing plastic reconstructive STSPs for pediatric patients in a safe, ethical, and effective manner. These guidelines represent consensus physician expert opinions, assembled collaboratively by members of Volunteers in Plastic Surgery and the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia's global health committee, with broad input from physicians practicing daily in LMICs. Organizations must partner with hosts to thoughtfully plan and carefully execute STSPs. We outline crucial items to STSP success, including choice of host facility, team selection, patient selection, staffing, ensuring proper equipment and supplies, disinfecting reusable equipment, creation of a safety culture, and data collection for quality assessment/improvement and research. Patient factors are discussed and recommendations given for developing exclusion criteria, as well as for determining which patients and procedures may require the team to include expertise in pediatric anesthesia or critical care. We recommend that educational opportunities for hosts are sought and advanced to optimize education/training at both the resident and post‐trainee levels. Host education during STSPs has become crucial as LMICs ramp up training at a time when their surgical volumes remain grossly behind well‐resourced countries. Recommendations here aim to assist organizations, hosts, and volunteers as they navigate the enormously complex and ever changing STSP environment. Patient safety and transfer of knowledge and skills should be central concerns of all who participate in this highly rewarding endeavor.
Leaves that leave their mark: A case series of pediatric Piper Betle‐induced leukomelanosis
Authors: Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal , Gopinath Hima , Kaleeswaran Vijayakumar , Vimal Mourouguessine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis case series presents 10 pediatric patients, aged 4 to 9 years, with leukomelanosis on the chest or forehead. The pigmentary changes developed after the traditional use of Piper betle leaves as a home‐based remedy for a cough or cold. Piper betle‐induced leukomelanosis in children is a rare dermatosis resulting from cultural practices. It is important to recognize the role of ethnobotany in dermatology.
Transitional care for inflammatory bowel disease: A survey of Japanese pediatric gastroenterologists
Authors: Kumagai Hideki , Kudo Takahiro , Uchida Keiichi , Kunisaki Reiko , Sugita Akira , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Arai Katsuhiro , Kubota Mitsuru , Tajiri Hitoshi , Suzuki Yasuo , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn 2019 we reported the results of a Japanese national survey designed to explore the views of adult gastroenterologists regarding transitional care for patients with childhood‐onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). For the present study, we conducted a similar survey of pediatric gastroenterologists to compare the views of the two sets of specialists.MethodsThe survey conducted in 2019 involved 48 representative members of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. They were contacted by conventional mail and their answers were not anonymized. Respondents who had already referred patients with IBD to adult gastroenterologists were asked in a questionnaire to rank the importance of specific statements on a Likert scale.ResultsThe response rate was 79% and 29 (60%) of the respondents had experienced transitional care for patients with IBD. Transfer to adult care was considered by 90% of the respondents to be the ideal form of medical care for adolescents/young adults with IBD. However, 59% of the respondents had experienced some degree of difficulty when making referrals for such care. The majority of pediatric gastroenterologists considered that the ideal age for transfer was 18–22 years. Among the respondents, physicians at municipal hospitals considered that the presence of diseases other than IBD and a shortage of manpower were significantly more important issues than other practice settings.ConclusionsThe present survey revealed that the general views regarding transitional care for IBD between pediatric and adult gastroenterologists were similar, except for the appropriate time for transfer. The results underline the importance of preparing a transition program appropriate to practice settings.