bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting Drugs Against Fibroblast Growth Factor(s)-Induced Cell Signaling
Authors: Agrawal Shilpi , Maity Sanhita , AlRaawi Zeina , Al-Ameer Musaab , Kumar Thallapuranam Krishnaswamy Suresh 
Published: October 2020

Background::
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is comprised of 23 highly regulated
monomeric proteins that regulate a plethora of developmental and pathophysiological processes,
including tissue repair, wound healing, angiogenesis, and embryonic development. Binding of
FGF to fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), a tyrosine kinase receptor, is facilitated by a glycosaminoglycan,
heparin. Activated FGFRs phosphorylate the tyrosine kinase residues that mediate
induction of downstream signaling pathways, such as RAS-MAPK, PI3K-AKT, PLCγ, and
STAT. Dysregulation of the FGF/FGFR signaling occurs frequently in cancer due to gene amplification,
FGF activating mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, integration, and oncogenic fusions.
Aberrant FGFR signaling also affects organogenesis, embryonic development, tissue homeostasis,
and has been associated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cancer, and other pathophysiological
changes.

Objective::
This comprehensive review will discuss the biology, chemistry, and functions of FGFs,
and its current applications toward wound healing, diabetes, repair and regeneration of tissues, and
fatty liver diseases. In addition, specific aberrations in FGFR signaling and drugs that target FGFR
and aid in mitigating various disorders, such as cancer, are also discussed in detail.

Conclusion::
Inhibitors of FGFR signaling are promising drugs in the treatment of several types of
cancers. The clinical benefits of FGF/FGFR targeting therapies are impeded due to the activation
of other RTK signaling mechanisms or due to the mutations that abolish the drug inhibitory activity
on FGFR. Thus, the development of drugs with a different mechanism of action for FGF/FGFR
targeting therapies is the recent focus of several preclinical and clinical studies.
Treatment and Long-Term Sequelae in Childhood Brain Tumors
Authors: Attina Giorgio , Ariano Anna , Maurizi Palma , Triarico Silvia , Capozza Michele Antonio , Coccia Paola , Rizzo Daniela , Mastrangelo Stefano , Ruggiero Antonio 
Published: October 2020

In children treated for brain tumors, important deficits in cognitive development have been described. The reduction of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is correlated with multiple conditions such as tumor location, obstructive hydrocephalus, surgical intervention, and above all, the use of radiotherapy, especially in young children. Demyelinization represents the most striking microscopic alteration following radiation: cerebral white matter’s loss and failure to white matter development could partly account for changes in IQ score.Recently, combined chemo-radiotherapeutic approaches and the improvement of radiotherapy techniques have enabled the reduction of neurocognitive symptoms and improved the standard of life of childhood brain tumor survivors.
Multiplex PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of the Brucella Genus in Human Whole Blood and Serum
Authors: Zamanian Mohsen , Jahani Elham , Mahmoudi Hassan 
Published: October 2020

Background:Brucellosis disease is a serious zoonosis worldwide and only 17 countries have been recognized as free of brucellosis. The World Health Organization has reported that the incidence of brucellosis is 500,000 cases in a year. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an ideal method for the identification of brucellosis. The most common primers for the diagnosis of Brucella include B4/B5 and F4/R2. The advantages of multiplex PCR include targeting multiple sequences at the same time, and multiple results are produced in a single test run which saves time and the reagents simultaneously. The purpose of this investigation was to extend and optimize a multiplex PCR for the identification of genus Brucella from serum and whole blood samples.Methods:In this experimental and sectional study, blood samples of 25 suspected patients in the acute phase of brucellosis with serum titers higher than 1:80 were collected. Two pairs of specific primers of B4 and B5 the specific gene was amplified. PCR and Multiplex PCR were performed on blood and serum samples.Results:Among 25 blood samples, 15 cases (60%) and 9 cases (36%) and among 25 serum samples, 23 cases (92%) and 13 cases (52%) were positive for B4/B5 and F4/R2 in PCR, respectively. In multiplex PCR, among 25 blood samples, 5 cases (20%) showed both bands, 11 cases (44%) showed band 222bp, 4 cases (16%) showed band 905bp and 5 cases (20%) showed no bands. Among 25 serum samples, 6 cases (24%) showed both bands, 15 cases (60%) showed band 222bp, 3 cases (12%) showed band 905bp and 1 case (4%) showed no bands.Conclusion:The results of this study show that this multiplex PCR can be used for the diagnosis of brucellosis with high sensitivity in clinical laboratories routinely and it can serve as an alternative substitution for risky culture method and nonspecific serological methods.
Container Elasticity: Based on Response Time using Docker
Authors: Yadav Mahendra Pratap , Akarte Harishchandra A. , Yadav Dharmendra Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Objective::
Cloud computing is an approach to provide the computing resources (machine) to end-users for running their application over the Internet. The computing resources consist of various things (e.g. RAM, Memory, CORE, etc.). These resources are allocated to an application without human intervention for managing the fluctuating workload. To manage the real-time fluctuating workload, cloud providers use VM based or Container-based virtualization to host the client services. Adding/removing resources dynamically as per the demand of application through cloud is known as elasticity. Cloud providers use the auto-scaling mechanism to implement elasticity. A machine that hosts an application can be either overloaded or under-loaded due to the real-time fluctuating workload. The cloud providers use an auto-scaling mechanism to automatically scale up or down the computing resources at the right moment for managing the real-time fluctuating workload. The failure of allocation/de-allocation of resources at right time leads to SLA violation, service unavailability, customers lost, more power consumption, minimum throughput and maximum response time. Hence, the allocation/de-allocation of resources at right moment becomes critical for successful completion of task in dynamic environment efficiently.

Methods::
Resource provisioning for managing dynamic and fluctuating workload has been achieved through an algorithm (PID with dynamic HAProxy) which is based on decision-making approach that depends on response time of container using mechanism of control theory.

Results::
The proposed work has improved performance of the system in terms of resource utilization and response time to manage the fluctuating workload.

Conclusion::
The addition/removal of containers dynamically to manage fluctuating workload can be achieved more efficiently.
Relationship of gene polymorphism with the nature of target organ damage in patients with arterial hypertension
Authors: Drobotya N. V. , Arutyunyan L. V. , Pirozhenko A. A. , Kaltukova V. V. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: to assess the relationship of polymorphism of the main genes involved in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension (AH) with indicators reflecting the state of target organs in the group of patients with arterial hypertension.Material and methods: we examined 100 patients with arterial hypertension who underwent standard diagnostic procedures, as well as molecular genetic research.Results: in patients with arterial hypertension statistically significant associations of AGTR2, GNB3, and NOS3 gene polymorphism with left ventricular hypertrophy, CYP11B2 and NOS3 gene polymorphism with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and NOS3 gene polymorphism with increased vascular wall stiffness were found (p < 0.05).Conclusions: the results of the study indicate that patients with arterial hypertension are a genetically heterogeneous group in terms of the relationship of specific gene polymorphism with indicators that characterize the state of target organs. The use of genetic approaches is promising for early screening of patients with arterial hypertension, belonging to the high-risk group, in order to ensure timely and effective organoprotection.
The relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Volkova N. I. , Dzherieva I. S. , Plyashkevich M. V. , Brovkina S. S. , Krivobokova T. S. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: to study the relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods: the study included patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the absence of acute metabolic decompensation. The exclusion criteria were: the presence of a depressive episode, the presence of alcohol dependence. In addition, the study did not include patients with cancer, erythrocytosis, sleep apnea syndrome. The duration of the patient’s sleep was determined by answering the question: less than 6 hours, more than 6 hours and up to 8 hours inclusive and more than 8 hours and up to 10 hours inclusive. In addition, the patients were questioned about their compliance with the doctor’s recommendation to take hypolipidemic hypoglycemic and antihypertensive drugs during the last 6 months preceding the survey. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Since the sample was nonparametric, the data are presented by Me (Q25; Q75), where Me is the median, Q25 is the 25th percentile, and Q75 is the 75th percentile, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (P) was calculated to assess the relationship between events.Results: a total of 92 patients were interviewed. 7 patients were excluded from the sample due to the identification of a depressive episode and four patients due to the presence of alcohol dependence. Thus, the study included 81 patients, of whom 21 patients were observed for type 1 diabetes mellitus and 60 patients for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed that there is a direct relationship between sleep duration and HbA1c level (p < 0.01).Conclusion: in our pilot study, the relationship between the level of glycated hemoglobin as an indicator of compensation for carbohydrate metabolism and sleep duration was confirmed.
Optimization of prediction of UC relapse and adjustment of adequate therapy in patient with ulcerative colitiss
Authors: Tkachev A. V. , Mazovka K. E. , Mkrtchyan L. S. , Makarenko A. S. , Takidze L. T. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: to improve the assessment of activity of ulcerative colitis and the ability to predict the development of relapse of the disease, as well as the selection of adequate therapy.Materials and methods: the study included 90 people: 70 patients with ulcerative colitis and 20 healthy volunteers. The disease activity was evaluated using 7 disease activity indices. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase -9 (MMP-9) in the colon mucosa was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Results: data were obtained on the activity of MMP-9 in colonobioptates in patients with ulcerative colitis with varying degrees of disease severity, which complements our knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms of UC and, based on the developed mathematical model, allows predicting the development of recurrence of UC. Based on the analysis of clinical indices of UC activity, an algorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of basic therapy has been developed.Conclusion: tools are provided to improve the prognosis of UC relapse, and a personalized approach to evaluating the effectiveness of the alternatives of drug therapy is developed.
Circulating neurotransmitter levels in irritable bowel syndrome: correlation of laboratory tests and clinical findings
Authors: Vidiker R. V. , Trubina N. V. , Babaeva A. R. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: to estimate blood levels of serotonin and melatonin neurotransmitters in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and to evaluate the role of neurohumoral imbalance in the development and clinical manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome phenotypes.Materials and methods: the study included 60 patients (range, 18 – 45 years) diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome according to the Roman IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (2016). 20 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) were assigned to a comparison group. The control group was composed of 45 apparently healthy subjects. All subjects were assigned to subgroups based on the prominent clinical presentation: irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) and mixed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-M). In addition to all the necessary procedures (clinical, laboratory and instrumental), blood concentrations of endogenous serotonin and melatonin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: the concentrations of endogenous serotonin and melatonin were significantly lower in patients with irritable bowel syndrome as compared with those having ulcerative colitis or healthy individuals. The detection rates of lowering serotonin levels were 53.3 % and 65 % — for melatonin. Low levels of melatonin were detected both in IBS-D and IBS-C patients. 69.57 % of IBS-D patients had elevated levels of serotonin as compared with the reference values for healthy subjects. We found a strong correlation between the severity of bloating and abdominal pain on the one hand, and low levels of endogenous serotonin and melatonin, on the other hand.Conclusion: our findings suggest that serotonin and melatonin neurotransmitters play a significant role in the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of estimate blood levels of serotonin and melatonin neurotransmitters in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Pancreato-protective PANCREATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SILYMARIN ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIA IN MALE WISTAR RATS
Authors: UMA NARAYANAMURTHY  , SYLVIA SANTHAKUMARI A  , NIRMALA P  
Published: October 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to study the silymarin’s pancreatoprotective effect in alloxan-induced Type I diabetes mellitus. Numerous studies have evidence to prove the fact that antioxidant defense mechanism of flavonoids has overcome the progression of chronic diabetic complications.
Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6): Group I normal control, Group II, Group III, and Group IV were induced diabetes with alloxan. Group I and Group II diabetic rats received the vehicle (PO). Group III was treated with silymarin 400 mg/kg (PO). Group IV was treated with glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg, per orally for 21 days. Fasting blood samples were collected from all four groups of animals at the end of 21 days to evaluate serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Pancreatic tissue extraction, to perform lipid peroxidation and histopathological study confirms the level of oxidative damage to tissues and recovery after treatment.
Results: The serum glucose and HbA1c levels significantly increased in untreated diabetic rats, also a significant rise in lipid peroxidation and necrosis of beta cells in the pancreatic tissue. The rise in serum glucose levels was ameliorated in rats treated with silymarin, pancreatic tissue showed increased antioxidant levels, decreased lipid peroxides, and minimal changes and signs of regeneration of beta cells.
Conclusion: This study adds experimental evidence to the fact that silymarin is an effective nutritional supplement to treasure pancreatic beta-cell reserve and to delay diabetic complications.
ISOLATION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE ALKALOID FROM ARGYREIA SPECIOSA LINN. HAVING ACTION ON ISOLATED RAT LEYDIG CELLS
Authors: NIRAJ VYAS  , KANAN GAMIT  , MANAN RAVAL  , SAMIR PATEL  
Published: October 2020

Objective: Present study was aimed to isolate and chemically characterize bioactive constituent from alkaloid enriched fraction, prepared from roots of Argyreia speciosa Linn.
Materials and methods: Literature review revealed presence of ergoline type of alkaloids in roots. Alkaloidal fraction was prepared and screened for its action on testosterone biosynthesis, in- vitro, using isolated rat leydig cells. Dehydroepiandosterone was used as positive control. This bioactive fraction was subjected to open column chromatography followed by flash chromatography, to isolate constituent. One compound (A1) was isolated from the fraction and its purity was ascertained using TLC and HPLC studies. A1 was chemically characterized by IR, Mass and 1H-NMR studies, to elucidate probable chemical structure. A1 was screened for action on testosterone synthesis too, using isolated rat Leydig cells model. The fraction was standardized with respect to amount of A1 present.
Results: Alkaloidal fraction (1000 µg/ml) incubated Leydig cells showed nearly, 22 fold increase in testosterone content as compared to untreated cells. The studies also yielded increase in testosterone content, in cells treated with test fractions and as observed in case of positive control. TLC studies indicated that A1 might possess ergoline moiety in the structure. IR, Mass and 1H NMR spectral studies suggested that A1 might be N-methyl ergometrine. This was the first report included isolation and chemical characterization of N-methyl ergometrine from Argyreia speciosa. A1 (1000 µg/ml) was found to stimulate testosterone content, by 14.62 fold, in culture media of Leydig cells after incubation. Conclusion: The results of in vitro studies, confirmed that the standardized alkaloid fraction as well as A1 had ability to stimulate Leydig cells to secrete testosterone. A1 might be N-methyl ergometrine and being ergometrine derivative it might act through oxytocine receptors expressed on the Leydig cells and stimulates testosterone synthesis.
BIOSYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY STUDY OF HEMIGRAPHIS COLORATA LOADED SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Authors: LIJI THOMAS  , SALEENA MATHEW  
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study targeted at the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of Hemigraphis colorata silver nanopartilces (HAgNPs).
Methods: The HAgNPs were photosynthesized and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. The in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of HAgNPs were assessed by evaluating inhibition of protein denaturation and membrane stabilization ability assay.
Results: HAgNPs exhibited an absorbance peak at 450 nm, characteristic for AgNPs, and their sizes ranged from 20 to 90 nm. The anti-inflammatory potential of HAgNPs when compared with H. colorata extract suggests that the AgNPs along with polyphenols and flavonoids from H. colorata can act as reducing or inhibiting agent on the release of acute inflammatory mediators.
Conclusion: The biologically synthesized HAgNPs could be of enormous use in the medical field for their proficient anti-inflammatory activity, which can be utilized as novel therapeutic agent for prevention and cure of inflammation due to biocompatible nature. This work clearly demonstrates HAgNPs as a budding source for anti-inflammatory drugs.
PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF UNDIAGNOSED HYPERTENSION AMONG SLUM DWELLERS: A COMMUNITY-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY
Authors: RAJSINH MOHITE  , VAISHALI MOHITE  
Published: October 2020

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension (HTN) in slum population and to its strength of association.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted at Karad urban slum area of district Satara, India in the year 2018. The study was conducted among randomly selected 460 adults were in age ranges from 18 to 60 years. A standard World Health Organization-stepwise approach questionnaire includes demographic data, behavioral information, and clinical examination; anthropometric data were employed to elicit the data from the eligible study participants by interview and examination method. Inferential statistics were worked out to determine the significant statistical association among variables under study.
Results: The prevalence of HTN among adult slum dweller was 23.04% of which prevalence of undiagnosed HTN was 16.03%. Significantly higher proportions of undiagnosed hypertensive were seen in males 22% and females 15.5% as well as also in all age groups, and it was seen twice in males as compared to females. The risk factor prevalence of current exposure to tobacco was 88.47% of which higher proportion, 90.7% was seen in females. Alcohol exposure was seen in 25% participants of which higher proportion, 38.5% seen in males and maximum exposure was seen in 46.7% males and 38.8% females and were from the young age group 18–30 years. Daily fruits and pure vegetarian diet consumption was observed in 3.2% and 19.3% slum dwellers, respectively. The prevalence of physical exercise was 17.1% of which significantly higher proportion, 22.0% was seen males and was of 1.8 times more than females. Overweight/obesity (body mass index >25 kg/m2) reported was 25.4% of which higher proportion, 26.9% was seen in females and they were maximum, 31.0% and 32.8% in males and females and from the age group of 40–50 years.
Conclusion: Study revealed the prevalence of undiagnosed HTN at alarming state among the people residing in slum habitations. Similarly, risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, physical inactivity, obesity, and dietary patterns were strongly existence among participants.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING TABLET OF METOPROLOL SUCCINATE FOR INCREASED BIOAVAILABILITY VIA IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: KAUSER FATEMA  , SADHANA SHAHI  
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study was performed to formulate a floating tablet using hydrophobic glyceryl behenate (GB) and hydrophilic hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymers, optimization of the same for retention in stomach and sustained drug delivery over a period of 20 h from upper gastrointestinal tract so as to increase its oral bioavailability.
Methods: Granules of GB with the metoprolol succinate (MS) was formulated and compressed with the other ingredients to formulate a floating tablet. Physiochemical parameters of an optimized formulation along with its in vitro buoyancy study, dissolution study, in vivo studies in rabbit, and stability studies were performed.
Results: Differential scanning calorimetry data show no interaction between polymers and the drug MS. A 32 factorial design was applied for optimization purpose, and from ANOVA and surface response plot the best formulation (F3) was obtained. In vitro dissolution study shows sustained drug release for 20 h for all the formulations and in vivo studies using rabbit model show increased bioavailability of an optimized formulation F3 as compared to the marketed sustained release formulation of MS (25 mg). Stability study shows no comparable differences in physical parameters and the drug release of initial formulation and the one which is kept for accelerated stability testing.
Conclusion: Hence, we can conclude that a floating tablet containing a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers can be used for gastric retention for more than 20 h which will increase the oral bioavailability of MS.