bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the systematic use of mapping systems during His Bundle catheter ablation cost‐effective? A single‐center experience
Authors: Marini Massimiliano , Ravanelli Daniele , Martin Marta , Battisti Valentina , Quintarelli Silvia , Guarracini Fabrizio , Coser Alessio , Menegotti Loris , Bonmassari Roberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThree‐dimensional (3D) nonfluoroscopic mapping systems (NMSs) are generally used during the catheter ablation (CA) of complex arrhythmias. We evaluated the efficacy, safety, and economic advantages of using NMSs during His‐Bundle CA (HB‐CA).MethodsA total of 124 consecutive patients underwent HB‐CA between 2012 and 2019 in our EP Laboratory. We compared two groups: 63 patients who underwent HB‐CA with fluoroscopy alone from 2012 to 2015 (Group I) and 61 patients who underwent HB‐CA with the aid of NMSs from 2016 to 2019 (Group II). Two cost‐effectiveness analyses were carried out: the alpha value (AV) (ie, a monetary reference value of the units of exposure avoided, expressed as $/man Sievert) and the value of a statistical life (VSL) (ie, the amount of money that a community would be willing to pay to reduce the risk of a person's death owing to exposure to radiation, it is not the cost value of a person's life). The cost reduction estimated by means of both these methods was compared with the real additional cost of using NMSs.ResultsThe use of NMS resulted in reduced fluoroscopy time in Group II {median 1.35 min} in comparison with Group I {median 4.8 min (P < .05)}. The effective dose reduction (ΔE) was 1.16 milli‐Sievert.ConclusionThe use of NMS significantly reduces fluoroscopy time. However, the actual reduction is modest and in our EP Laboratory this reduction is not cost‐effective. Indeed, when the ΔE is referred to country and agency tables for absolute values of AV or VLS, it is not economically advantageous in almost all cases.
Bread and durum wheat classification using wavelet based image fusion
Authors: Sabanci Kadir , Aslan Muhammet Fatih , Durdu Akif 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat, which is an essential nutrient, is an important food source for human beings because it is used in flour and feed production. As in many nutrients, wheat plays an important role in macaroni and bread production. The types of wheat used for both foods are different, namely bread and durum wheat. A strong separation of these two wheat types is important for product quality. This article differs from the traditional methods available for the identification of bread and durum wheat species. In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and white light (WL) images of wheat are obtained for both species. Wheat types in these images are classified by various machine learning (ML) methods. Afterwards, these images are fused by wavelet‐based image fusion method.RESULTSThe highest accuracy value calculated using only UV and only WL image is 94.8276% and these accuracies are obtained by Support Vector Machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithms, respectively. However, this accuracy value is 98.2759% for the fusion image and both MLP and SVM achieved the same success.CONCLUSIONWavelet‐based fusion has increased the classification accuracy of all three learning algorithms. It is concluded that the identification ability in the resulting fusion image is higher than the other two raw images. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of processing temperature on dynamic rheological properties and color degradation kinetics of bael fruit pulp
Authors: Sonawane Akshay , Pathak Sumit , Pradhan Rama Chandra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA lack of knowledge about the dynamic rheological properties and color degradation of bael fruit pulp gives rise to many problems during thermal processing for the preparation of bael fruit products. In this research, the effects of processing temperature (30–75 °C) on dynamic rheology and color degradation kinetics of bael fruit pulp were studied and analyzed.RESULTSBael fruit pulp showed more elastic behavior than viscous behavior by analyzing the storage modulus, loss modulus and phase angle over oscillatory frequency range 0.06–300 rad s−1. The dynamic rheological study classified the bael fruit pulp as a weak gel (G′ > G″). The values of first‐order degradation rate constant (k) were determined to be 0.07, 0.011, 0.018 and 0.023 for 30, 45, 60 and 75 °C, respectively. The first‐order color degradation kinetics of bael fruit pulp has given a higher value of activation energy (Ea = 23.83 kJ mol−1) with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99, which indicated a higher sensitivity for treatment temperature and time during processing.CONCLUSIONSThe results obtained would allow simplification of processes for easier formulation of quality products from bael fruit pulp. This study has the potential to increase the processing ability of bael fruit, which will encourage a greater production of bael fruits. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
miR‐34b‐3p protects against acute kidney injury in sepsis mice via targeting ubiquitin‐like protein 4A
Authors: He Shu‐Yin , Wang Gang , Pei Ying‐Hao , Zhu Hai‐Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as a diagnostic markers for sepsis, and miRNAs have also been found to play a regulatory role in sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the regulatory effect and mechanism of miR‐34b‐3p on AKI remains elusive. First, sepsis mice with AKI was established via cecal ligation puncture (CLP), and verified through hematoxylin‐eosin staining, determination of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6/1β and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Data showed that CLP‐induced mice demonstrated increased ALT, BUN, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 with injured pathological morphology of kidney tissues. Second, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment elevated TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 contents in rat mesangial cells (RMCs). MiR‐34b‐3p was downregulated in both CLP‐induced mice and LPS‐induced RMCs. Third, target gene of miR‐34b‐3p was verified as ubiquitin‐like protein 4A (UBL4A), and UBL4A was upregulated in LPS‐induced RMCs. MiR‐34b‐3p could inhibit UBL4A expression and decreased TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 contents in LPS‐induced RMCs, while overexpression of UBL4A counteract with the suppressive effects of miR‐34b‐3p on the protein expression. Moreover, transcriptional activity of UBL4A‐induced NF‐κB was decreased by miR‐34b‐3p. Lastly, in vivo injection of miR‐34b‐3p agomir improved CLP‐induced kidney tissues injury with declined ALT, BUN, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and UBL4A. In general, miR‐34b‐3p overexpression could alleviate AKI in sepsis mice through downregulation of UBL4A/NF‐κB, providing potential therapeutic strategy for AKI.
Developments in how the boundary layer lower the pipe drag reduction in transport of dense paste
Authors: Fuyan Lyu , Minjun Zhang , Di Jiang , Chunzhi Li , Ying Tian , Yuting Lv 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWall slip phenomenon occurs near the inner wall of pipe when dense paste is transported, and it reduces the frictional resistance loss and saves energy. To determine how the boundary layer influences the flowing law, more pipe transporting tests have been performed. Taking coal slime as test material, water and PEO (plasma electrolytic oxidation) were injected into the boundary layer part. Many factors, such as mass concentration, pipe diameter, flow velocity, boundary layer thickness, were systematically studied on their changes influencing pressure loss. The pressure loss decreases exponentially with the increase of boundary layer thickness. Drag reduction effect of PEO as the injecting liquid is better than water, and the pressure loss declines about 20%. The smaller the pipe diameter, lower flow rate, and the more obvious the drag reduction effect will be.
A model for the energy and angular distribution of x rays emitted from an x‐ray tube. Part I. Bremsstrahlung production
Authors: Omar Artur , Andreo Pedro , Poludniowski Gavin 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo develop an analytical model for bremsstrahlung production in a thick x‐ray target (i.e., the x‐ray tube anode) that takes into account the intrinsic bremsstrahlung angular distribution.MethodsX‐ray spectrum models developed from theoretical principles have traditionally treated the angular distribution of the bremsstrahlung production as spherically uniform. This assumption stems from the rationale that electrons promptly attain a diffuse directional distribution in an x‐ray target due to multiple scattering, thereby effectively masking the intrinsic bremsstrahlung angular distribution. In this work, a model that explicitly accounts for the angular distribution of the bremsstrahlung production is presented. The model combines Monte Carlo‐calculated depth, energy, and angular distributions of electrons penetrating the x‐ray target, and incorporates theoretical results for the differential bremsstrahlung cross section. The effects of using different simplified model assumptions for the electron penetration and the intrinsic bremsstrahlung angular distribution are analyzed for tungsten and molybdenum targets in the energy range 20–300 keV.ResultsTypical assumptions of previous models are shown to introduce errors in calculated spectra. Particularly, it is shown that predictions of fluence and air kerma free‐in‐air can be overestimated by 15–30% (2–3% in aluminum half‐value layer thickness) for clinically relevant beam qualities. The present model is able to reproduce comprehensive Monte Carlo calculations of the bremsstrahlung production generally to within 1%.ConclusionsThe bremsstrahlung model developed in this work is an improvement over previous models in that the main features of the electron penetration and the resulting bremsstrahlung are considered in detail. The model can be used for more accurate predictions of the energy and angular distribution of x rays emitted from an x‐ray tube.
Can radiographic patellofemoral osteoarthritis be diagnosed using clinical assessments?
Authors: Tan Jade M. , Menz Hylton B. , Munteanu Shannon E. , Collins Natalie J. , Hart Harvi F. , Donnar Joel W. , Cleary Gearoid , O'Sullivan Isobel C. , Maclachlan Liam R. , Derham Catherine L. , Crossley Kay M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine whether participant characteristics and clinical assessments could identify radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) in individuals with clinically diagnosed, symptomatic patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA).MethodsParticipant characteristics and clinical assessments were obtained from 179 individuals aged 50 years and over with clinically diagnosed symptomatic PFOA, who were enrolled in a randomised trial. Anteroposterior, lateral, and skyline X‐rays were taken of the symptomatic knee. The presence of radiographic PFOA was defined as “no or early PFOA” (Kellgren and Lawrence [KL] grade ≤1 in the PF compartment) or “definite PFOA” (KL grade ≥2). Diagnostic test statistics were applied to ascertain which participant characteristics and clinical assessments could identify the presence of definite radiographic PFOA.ResultsA total of 118 participants (66%) had definite radiographic PFOA. Univariate analysis identified that older age (>61 years), female sex, higher body mass index (BMI) (>29 kg/m2), longer pain duration (>2.75 years), higher maximum knee pain during stair ambulation (>47/100 mm), and fewer repeated single step‐ups to pain onset (<21) were associated with the presence of definite radiographic PFOA. Multivariate logistic regression indicated that BMI, pain duration, and repeated single step‐ups to pain onset were independently associated with radiographic PFOA and identified the presence of definite radiographic PFOA with an overall accuracy of 73%.ConclusionIn individuals over 50 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of PFOA, higher BMI, longer pain duration, and fewer repeated single step‐ups to pain onset increased the likelihood of radiographic PFOA. However, overall diagnostic accuracy was modest, suggesting that radiographic PFOA cannot be confidently identified using these tests.
Parasiten im Massenspektrometer
Authors: Kadesch Patrik , Gerbig Stefanie , Mokosch Annika , Häberlein Simone , Spengler Bernhard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBildgebende Massenspektrometrie ergänzt die Techniken aus Immunologie, Parasitologie und Molekularbiologie. So trägt analytische Chemie dazu bei, Tropenkrankheiten zu erforschen und zu bekämpfen, die seit langem vernachlässigt sind. Ein Beispiel ist die Bilharziose, die von Würmern verursacht wird und Menschen bedroht, die keinen Zugang zu sanitären Anlagen und sauberem Wasser haben.
Schützende Schichten
Authors: Boehnke Olaf , Ueltzen Katharina , Renningholtz Tim , Krautscheid Harald 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDas europäische Chemikaliengesetz Reach fordert, Chrom(VI)‐Verbindungen zu ersetzen. Wie funktional Alternativen zur Hartchrombeschichtung sind und welches Risiko sie bergen.
Trendbericht Biochemie: Hochaufgelöste Zellbiologie
Authors: Endesfelder Ulrike 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInzwischen können wir die zellulären Prozesse in lebenden Zellen verfolgen, und zwar mit subzellulärer Fluoreszenzmikroskopie mit Auflösung im Nanometerbereich. Ob Ribosomen die richtigen Proteine herstellen oder eine Leseschwäche haben, lässt sich durch Ribosomenprofiling untersuchen. Und: Bisher haben intrinsische Dynamik und Heterogenität erschwert, die dreidimensionale Struktur von Multiproteinkomplexen zu bestimmen. Kryoelektronenmikroskopie erlaubt es nun, diese schwer greifbaren Maschinerien mit höchster Auflösung abzubilden.
Global planning of accelerated degradation tests based on exponential dispersion degradation models
Authors: Lee I‐Chen , Tseng Sheng‐Tsaing , Hong Yili 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe accelerated degradation test (ADT) is an efficient tool for assessing the lifetime information of highly reliable products. However, conducting an ADT is very expensive. Therefore, how to conduct a cost‐constrained ADT plan is a great challenging issue for reliability analysts. By taking the experimental cost into consideration, this paper proposes a semi‐analytical procedure to determine the total sample size, testing stress levels, the measurement frequencies, and the number of measurements (within a degradation path) globally under a class of exponential dispersion degradation models. The proposed method is also extended to determine the global planning of a three‐level compromise plan. The advantage of the proposed method not only provides better design insights for conducting an ADT plan, but also provides an efficient algorithm to obtain a cost‐constrained ADT plan, compared with conventional optimal plans by grid search algorithms.
Differential sensitivity to detect prosocial effects of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in different social approach paradigms in mice
Authors: Mukai Satoko , Nakada Sao , Kamada Hikari , Yaguchi Ryuma , Deyama Satoshi , Kaneda Katsuyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA recreational drug, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), has prosocial effects including increased sociability, enhancement of trust feelings, and empathy. Although several methods, such as the social interaction and three chamber tests, have been used, the neural mechanisms underlying the prosocial effects have not been well understood. In the present study, based on a social approach paradigm using a single‐chamber apparatus, we have developed two reproducible and simple social approach tests, SAT1 and SAT2, in ICR mice. In the SAT1, an unfamiliar mouse was set in a wire mesh cylinder cage that was placed in the center of a rectangular open field, while in the SAT2, an unfamiliar mouse was set in a wire mesh rectangular cage that was placed along a wall of a rectangular open field. Although MDMA treatment enhanced sociability in both SAT1 and SAT2, the ratio of high sociability mice was higher in the SAT2 than in the SAT1, indicating a differential sensitivity to detect the prosocial effects. Thus, we suggest that the SAT2 is a promising and suitable method to explore the neuronal mechanisms underlying the effects of MDMA.
The affinity and selectivity of α‐adrenoceptor antagonists, antidepressants, and antipsychotics for the human α1A, α1B, and α1D‐adrenoceptors
Authors: Proudman Richard G. W. , Pupo Andre S. , Baker Jillian G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstractα1‐adrenoceptor antagonists are widely used for hypertension (eg, doxazosin) and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH, eg, tamsulosin). Some antidepressants and antipsychotics have been reported to have α1 affinity. This study examined 101 clinical drugs and laboratory compounds to build a comprehensive understanding of α1‐adrenoceptor subtype affinity and selectivity. [3H]prazosin whole‐cell binding was conducted in CHO cells stably expressing either the full‐length human α1A, α1B, or α1D‐adrenoceptor. As expected, doxazosin was a high‐affinity nonselective α1‐antagonist although other compounds (eg, cyclazosin, 3‐MPPI, and ARC239) had higher affinities. Several highly α1A‐selective antagonists were confirmed (SNAP5089 had over 1700‐fold α1A selectivity). Despite all compounds demonstrating α1 affinity, only BMY7378 had α1D selectivity and no α1B‐selective compounds were identified. Phenoxybenzamine (used in pheochromocytoma) and dibenamine had two‐component‐binding inhibition curves at all three receptors. Incubation with sodium thiosulfate abolished the high‐affinity component suggesting this part is receptor mediated. Drugs used for hypertension and BPH had very similar α1A/α1B/α1D‐adrenoceptor pharmacological profiles. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (antidepressants) had poor α1‐adrenoceptor affinity. Several tricyclic antidepressants (eg, amitriptyline) and antipsychotics (eg, chlorpromazine and risperidone) had high α1‐adrenoceptor affinities, similar to, or higher than, α blockers prescribed for hypertension and BPH, whereas others had poor α1 affinity (eg, protriptyline, sulpiride, amisulpiride, and olanzapine). The addition of α blockers for the management of hypertension or BPH in people already taking tricyclic antidepressants and certain antipsychotics may not be beneficial. Awareness of the α‐blocking potential of different antipsychotics may affect the choice of drug for those with delirium where additional hypotension (eg, in sepsis) may be detrimental.
Metal‐Free Aerobic Sulfenyllactonization of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with Thiols Using Air as Sole Oxidant
Authors: Xiong Yan‐Shi , Yu Yang , You Yi‐Peng , Weng Jiang , Lu Gui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA metal‐free aerobic sulfenyllactonization of unsaturated carboxylic acids with thiols has been disclosed. This method proceeded with air as the sole oxidant, without any metal catalyst, which provides an efficient access to a wide range of sulfenylated lactones with moderate to good yields. The operational simplicity, high atom efficiency, scalability and the use of bio‐based green solvent under mild conditions are the attractive features of this methodology.
Approach to the Core Structure of Streptosetin A
Authors: Hess Stefan , Maier Martin E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStreptosetin A belongs to the 3‐decalinoyltetramic acids. In contrast to most of other known natural products of this type, the decalin part features a β‐hydroxyketone subunit, making an intramolecular cycloaddition approach less suitable. We examined an approach where the decalin part would be fashioned by an intramolecular aldol addition. By using a Diels‐Alder reaction between the Rawal diene and a substituted methacrylate, a cyclohexanone was obtained. An organocuprate addition introduced the ethyl substituent before, the side chain was converted to an enal. However, contrary to our expectations, the aldol reaction led to the condensation product. Other routes to reach the key cyclohexanone were also investigated.
Extracting angles of attack from blade‐resolved rotor CFD simulations
Authors: Zilic de Arcos Federico , Vogel Christopher R. , Willden Richard H. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe distribution of the angles of attack over the span of a rotor blade, together with blade element theory, provides a useful framework to understand forces, performance and other fluid dynamic phenomena of axial‐flow rotors. However, the angle of attack is not straightforward to define for a three‐dimensional rotor, where the flow is perturbed by the blade circulation, shed vorticity and wake development.This paper evaluates six methods to extract the angles of attack from blade‐resolved CFD simulations of axial‐flow turbines. Simulations of two different rotors are presented: a low solidity rotor designed for wind and a higher solidity rotor designed for tidal stream energy conversion. Of the analysed methods, five were obtained from the literature and are tested in terms of their internal parameters. The remaining method is named the streamtube analysis method (SAM) and is presented as an improvement on analysis methods that azimuthally average the flow data on the rotor plane, referred to as azimuthal averaging techniques (AATs). The SAM method accounts for the expansion of the streamtubes in flow‐field velocity sampling and exhibits improved convergence on the internal parameters compared with AAT.The six methods are benchmarked in terms of the angles of attack, axial induction factors and the local lift and drag coefficients, identifying that most perform well and converge with each other despite the different underlying assumptions or modelling approaches. However, given the limitations and inherent dependency on internal parameters, the line averaging and SAM are suggested for general flow analysis application.
Multifocal Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumours
Authors: Pasieka Janice L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn contemporary surgical series, the incidence of multifocal tumours (MFT) in small bowel neuroendrocrine tumours (SBNET) is as high as 50%. Familial forms of SBNET appear to have an even higher rate of MFTs in the range of 80%. Multifocal disease poses several challenges and questions for the operating surgeon, including the cause of the disease whether it is local metastases or a genetic field defect, the extent of the resection, and the prognosis. The etiology of these multiple tumours appears to be multifactorial and may represent localized metastases in some, a genetic mutation resulting in the rare familial form of this disease in others, or the integration of genetic and epigenetic events within the bowel. Contrary to historical series, recent data suggest that MFT are not associated with a poorer prognosis. The challenge remains on the long‐term surveillance of these unique tumours.
Drivers of article processing charges in open access
Authors: Budzinski Oliver , Grebel Thomas , Wolling Jens , Zhang Xijie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLarge publishing companies have been dominating scientific publishing for long, which leads to high subscription fees and inhibited access to scientific knowledge. At digital era, the opportunity of an unrestricted access appears feasible, because the cost of publishing should be low. It is no longer the readers and libraries to pay subscription fees, but scientific organizations and authors themselves who pay for the cost of having their article published. As the data shows, there is a tremendous variance of article processing charges (APC) across journals, which obviously cannot be explained by the costs. One of the explanatory variables could be reputation, but it only contributes less than 5% to the variance in average APC. This study is meant to shed light on the various determinants of APC. Based on the data from the OpenAPC Initiative, the Directory of Open Access Journals and three different datasets of Web of Science, we employ ANOVAs and multivariate regressions. The results show that market power plays an important role to explain APC, inter alia, through market concentration, market position of individual publishers (publisher size), and the choice of hybrid publishing model.