bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible and Infrared Photoluminescence in Hexagonal Silicon Carbide by Direct Femtosecond Laser Writing
Authors: Castelletto Stefania , Johnson Brett C , Boretti Alberto 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Optically active color centers in silicon carbide have attracted considerable attention in the past few years as candidates for quantum technologies such as single-photon sources, nanomagnetic resonance imaging, and spintronic devices. Control over defect position and their placement at the desired location within a chip, necessary to integrate them within optical and electronic devices, is still a challenge. Recently, laser writing emerged as a new tool to generate vacancies in crystals as a starting point for the formation of color centers. In this work, a laser writing method has been used to produce color centers in 4H and 6H bulk silicon carbide by using a femtosecond laser. An array of color centers was fabricated by different pulse laser energies in sites of square grids at varying depths (from the surface to 10 µm below the surface). We optically characterized the fabricated color centers using confocal imaging, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy. We show that the technique can produce specifically vacancy color centers with a relevant emission in the visible (peak around 700 nm) and near-infrared (peak at 900 nm) with the latter identified as the silicon-vacancy. This method can be adapted to engineer color centers in silicon carbide at different depths in the material, for the above-mentioned applications, in addition to the fabrication of light-emitting diodes.
Case Studies of High-strength Lightweight Concrete Using Expanded Siliceous Aggregate
Authors: Inozemtcev A S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Structural lightweight concrete has various applications including the construction of multi-story buildings, bridges, offshore oil platforms and other reinforced concrete structural elements. Structural lightweight concrete also was used in offshore construction. The development of compositions of high-strength lightweight concrete with an average density of 1100-1500 kg/m3 may be in demand for the manufacture of most of the typical concrete products with an ordinary strength 20-35 MPa. This study have shown that granular expanded siliceous aggregates can be used as an alternative to hollow microspheres to obtain high mechanical characteristics of lightweight concrete. Based on the principles of producing high-strength lightweight concrete using the example of “Thermogran” granules the possibility of achieving strength of lightweight concrete of more than 45 MPa with an average density of less than 1600 kg/m3 is shown. In the same time, specific consumption of cement on 1 MPa of concrete strength is 8.1…8.8 kg/MPa.
The novel low cost as-casting Al-based composites with high strength and ductility
Authors: Yun Y L , Pan C , Rui J X , Cheng J L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, three alloys Al81Cu13Si6, Al88Cu8Si4 and Al92Cu5.6Si2.4 were prepared by a simple solidification process. By controlling the alloy composition, different microstructures and mechanical properties have been achieved. The Al81Cu13Si6 alloy with micro-scale binary eutectic compositions embedded in an ultrafine ternary eutectic matrix exhibits the high yield strength (up to 750 MPa) but fails with a brittle fracture. While the Al92Cu5.6Si2.4 alloy with hypereutectic composite structure exhibits the optimum comprehensive mechanical properties with both high tensile strength and ductility. The present results provide a new perspective to prepare Al-based alloy with high strength and ductility by designing the some new composite with optimum microstructure.
Impact of place of residence, frailty and other factors on rehabilitation outcomes post hip fracture
Authors: Low Stephanie , Wee Edmund , Dorevitch Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Following hip fracture surgery, patients from residential care are frequently excluded from inpatient rehabilitation. We aimed to assess the impact of place of residence and other factors such as frailty on rehabilitation outcomes after hip fracture surgery.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study. Outcome measures included Functional Independence Measure efficiency, discharge destination and recovery of pre-fracture mobility. Univariable and multivariable linear or logistic regression analyses were performed.

Setting
One general rehabilitation and two geriatric evaluation and management wards in a large public tertiary teaching hospital.

Participants
A total of 844 patients who underwent inpatient rehabilitation after hip fracture surgery from 2010 to 2018.

Results
There were 139 (16%) patients from residential care. Being from residential care was not an independent predictor of poor outcomes. Premorbid frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale) was the strongest independent predictor of poorer Functional Independence Measure efficiency, inability to recover pre-fracture mobility and return to community dwelling. Dementia and delirium were also independently predictive of poor outcomes across all measures. Age &gt; 90 years was independently predictive of inability to recover pre-fracture mobility and return to community dwelling.

Conclusion
Being from residential care is not independently associated with poor outcomes following inpatient rehabilitation after hip fracture surgery and should not be the basis for excluding these patients from rehabilitation. Major predictors of poorer outcomes include premorbid frailty, dementia, delirium and age &gt; 90 years. If able and motivated, those with potentially reversible functional limitations should be given the opportunity to participate in inpatient rehabilitation as even small gains can have a significant impact on quality of life.
Reducing Dorsal Hump Recurrence Following Push Down-Let Down Rhinoplasty
Authors: Tuncel Umut , Aydogdu Ilhami Oguzhan , Kurt Alper 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Hump recurrence is a commonly encountered problem following dorsal preservation (DP) rhinoplasty when surgeons are learning the procedure.

Objectives
The aim of this paper was to compare the different methods for the prevention and treatment of dorsal problems following DP surgery.

Methods
One hundred and fifty primary rhinoplasty patients were included in our study. Their noses were classified in terms of both hump shape (V- or S-shaped) and height. All patients had a DP rhinoplasty by either a push-down (PD) or a let-down (LD) technique. The PD method was used for humps &lt;4 mm and the LD for humps &gt;4 mm. Follow-up evaluations were made with physical examination and photographs at 1 week, 3 months, and 12 months.

Results
Mean follow-up was 12.68 [1.78] months. Seventy-eight humps were V-shaped and 72 were S-shaped. PD was used for 67 cases, LD for 83 cases. Eight patients (5.3%, 8/150) had a visible dorsal hump problem after DP surgery. Based on their preoperative hump shape, 3 cases were V-shaped and 5 were S-shaped. All recurrent cases had a preoperative hump deformity &gt;4 mm. The revision procedures were as follows: 4 patients had a PD procedure, 3 had a LD procedure, and 1 patient was treated by classic open resection rhinoplasty.

Conclusions
There is a correlation between preoperative hump height and eventual hump recurrence. The complication rate can be decreased with additional technical maneuvers and proper patient selection.

Level of Evidence: 4
LabxDB: versatile databases for genomic sequencing and lab management
Authors: Vejnar Charles E , Giraldez Antonio J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Summary
Experimental laboratory management and data-driven science require centralized software for sharing information, such as lab collections or genomic sequencing datasets. Although database servers such as PostgreSQL can store such information with multiple-user access, they lack user-friendly graphical and programmatic interfaces for easy data access and inputting. We developed LabxDB, a versatile open-source solution for organizing and sharing structured data. We provide several out-of-the-box databases for deployment in the cloud including simple mutant or plasmid collections and purchase-tracking databases. We also developed a high-throughput sequencing (HTS) database, LabxDB seq, dedicated to storage of hierarchical sample annotations. Scientists can import their own or publicly available HTS data into LabxDB seq to manage them from production to publication. Using LabxDB’s programmatic access (REST API), annotations can be easily integrated into bioinformatics pipelines. LabxDB is modular, offering a flexible framework that scientists can leverage to build new database interfaces adapted to their needs.

Availability and implementation
LabxDB is available at https://gitlab.com/vejnar/labxdb and https://labxdb.vejnar.org for documentation. LabxDB is licensed under the terms of the Mozilla Public License 2.0.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Screening novel drug candidates for Alzheimer’s disease by an integrated network and transcriptome analysis
Authors: Peng Yonglin , Yuan Meng , Xin Juncai , Liu Xinhua , Wang Ju 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMotivationAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious degenerative brain disease and the most common cause of dementia. The current available drugs for AD provide symptomatic benefit, but there is no effective drug to cure the disease. The emergence of large-scale genomic, pharmacological data provides new opportunities for drug discovery and drug repositioning as a promising strategy in searching novel drug for AD.ResultsIn this study, we took advantage of our increasing understanding based on systems biology approaches on the pathway and network levels and perturbation datasets from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures to introduce a systematic computational process to discover new drugs implicated in AD. First, we collected 561 genes that have reported to be risk genes of AD, and applied functional enrichment analysis on these genes. Then, by quantifying proximity between 5595 molecule drugs and AD based on human interactome, we filtered out 1092 drugs that were proximal to the disease. We further performed an Inverted Gene Set Enrichment analysis on these drug candidates, which allowed us to estimate effect of perturbations on gene expression and identify 24 potential drug candidates for AD treatment. Results from this study also provided insights for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying AD. As a useful systematic method, our approach can also be used to identify efficacious therapies for other complex diseases.Availability and implementationThe source code is available at https://github.com/zer0o0/drug-repo.git.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Tropical principal component analysis on the space of phylogenetic trees
Authors: Page Robert , Yoshida Ruriko , Zhang Leon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Due to new technology for efficiently generating genome data, machine learning methods are urgently needed to analyze large sets of gene trees over the space of phylogenetic trees. However, the space of phylogenetic trees is not Euclidean, so ordinary machine learning methods cannot be directly applied. In 2019, Yoshida et al. introduced the notion of tropical principal component analysis (PCA), a statistical method for visualization and dimensionality reduction using a tropical polytope with a fixed number of vertices that minimizes the sum of tropical distances between each data point and its tropical projection. However, their work focused on the tropical projective space rather than the space of phylogenetic trees. We focus here on tropical PCA for dimension reduction and visualization over the space of phylogenetic trees.

Results
Our main results are 2-fold: (i) theoretical interpretations of the tropical principal components over the space of phylogenetic trees, namely, the existence of a tropical cell decomposition into regions of fixed tree topology; and (ii) the development of a stochastic optimization method to estimate tropical PCs over the space of phylogenetic trees using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. This method performs well with simulation studies, and it is applied to three empirical datasets: Apicomplexa and African coelacanth genomes as well as sequences of hemagglutinin for influenza from New York.

Availability and implementation
Dataset: http://polytopes.net/Data.tar.gz. Code: http://polytopes.net/tropica_MCMC_codes.tar.gz.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Adverse Childhood Experiences: Developments in Trauma and Resilience Aware Services
Authors: Spratt Trevor , Kennedy Mary 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Research has demonstrated conclusively that the experience of adversities in childhood increases the risks for poor outcomes in the domains of physical and mental health and economic and social circumstances across the life course. This has produced a wave of interest in the effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences internationally, with developments in policy across the UK nations reflective of this. The translation of such research and policy development has witnessed the growing dominance of the ‘toxic stress model’ as underpinning the early signalling of troubles in children. Such signals are further conceptualised as the presence of ‘trauma’. It is upon these conceptual pillars that therapeutically orientated services are being built. In this article, we describe these developments, offering as they do, challenges to short-term interventions as well as providing opportunities for social workers to appropriate the developing knowledge base so as to inform more effective ways of working.
Evidence for the Use of Triage, Respiratory Isolation, and Effective Treatment to Reduce the Transmission of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Karat Aaron S , Gregg Meghann , Barton Hannah E , Calderon Maria , Ellis Jayne , Falconer Jane , Govender Indira , Harris Rebecca C , Tlali Mpho , Moore David A J , Fielding Katherine L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Evidence is limited for infection prevention and control (IPC) measures reducing Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) transmission in health facilities. This systematic review, 1 of 7 commissioned by the World Health Organization to inform the 2019 update of global tuberculosis (TB) IPC guidelines, asked: do triage and/or isolation and/or effective treatment of TB disease reduce MTB transmission in healthcare settings?
Of 25 included articles, 19 reported latent TB infection (LTBI) incidence in healthcare workers (HCWs; absolute risk reductions 1%–21%); 5 reported TB disease incidence in HCWs (no/slight [high TB burden] or moderate [low burden] reduction) and 2 in human immunodeficiency virus-positive in-patients (6%–29% reduction). In total, 23/25 studies implemented multiple IPC measures; effects of individual measures could not be disaggregated.
Packages of IPC measures appeared to reduce MTB transmission, but evidence for effectiveness of triage, isolation, or effective treatment, alone or in combination, was indirect and low quality. Harmonizing study designs and reporting frameworks will permit formal data syntheses and facilitate policy making.
Large Universe CCA2 CP-ABE With Equality and Validity Test in the Standard Model
Authors: Li Cong , Shen Qingni , Xie Zhikang , Feng Xinyu , Fang Yuejian , Wu Zhonghai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Attribute-based encryption with equality test (ABEET) simultaneously supports fine-grained access control on the encrypted data and plaintext message equality comparison without decrypting the ciphertexts. Recently, there have been several literatures about ABEET proposed. Nevertheless, most of them explore the ABEET schemes in the random oracle model, which has been pointed out to have many defects in practicality. The only existing ABEET scheme in the standard model, proposed by Wang et al., merely achieves the indistinguishable against chosen-plaintext attack security. Considering the aforementioned problems, in this paper, we propose the first direct adaptive chosen-ciphertext security ciphertext-policy ABEET scheme in the standard model. Our method only adopts a chameleon hash function and adds one dummy attribute to the access structure. Compared with the previous works, our scheme achieves the security improvement, ciphertext validity check and large universe. Besides, we further optimize our scheme to support the outsourced decryption. Finally, we first give the detailed theoretical analysis of our constructions in computation and storage costs, then we implement our constructions and carry out a series of experiments. Both results indicate that our constructions are more efficient in Setup and Trapdoor and have the shorter public parameters than the existing ABEET ones do.
Integrating vulture social behavior into conservation practice
Authors: van Overveld Thijs , Blanco Guillermo , Moleón Marcos , Margalida Antoni , Sánchez-Zapata José Antonio , de la Riva Manuel , Donázar José Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVultures are one of the most threatened bird groups globally. Although many of the threats faced by vultures have been identified, the impact of human activities on the social life of vultures has received little attention. In this paper, we emphasize the need to integrate vulture sociality into conservation practice. First, we summarize current knowledge on vulture social behavior, and the evolutionary and ecological roots of their breeding systems. We describe the existence of contrasting gradients in social foraging strategies and hierarchical social structures among colonial and territorial breeders associated with species (and population) reliance on carrion differing in size and predictability. We also highlight the potential role of vulture gatherings in maintaining population-level social structures and for mate-finding given high mate-selectivity. Next, based on this social framework, we discuss the impact of human activities on social foraging, territory structures, resource partitioning processes, and mating dynamics. However, little is known about how disruptions of social habits may have contributed to vulture population declines and/or may impede their recovery. Lastly, we provide directions for future research on vulture socio-ecology that may improve current conservation efforts. We encourage researchers and wildlife managers to pay more attention to natural carrion diversity underlying vulture social system diversity, especially when implementing supplementary feeding programs, and to consider the complex mating and settlement dynamics in reintroduction programs. Overall, we stress that understanding the complex social life of vultures is critical to harmonize their conservation with anthropogenic activities.
A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers
Authors: Grover Abhinav , Oberoi Mansi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) share their target receptor site with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that may cause ACE2 receptor up-regulation which raised concerns regarding ACEI and ARB use in COVID-19 patients. However, many medical professional societies recommended their continued use given the paucity of clinical evidence, but there is a need for an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the latest clinical studies.

Methods and results
A search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and various preprint servers for studies comparing clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients on ACEIs and/or ARBs, and a meta-analysis was performed. A total of 16 studies were included for the review and meta-analysis. There were conflicting findings reported in the rates of severity and mortality in several studies. In a pooled analysis of four studies, there was a statistically non-significant association of ACEI/ARB use with lower odds of developing severe disease vs. non-users [odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41–1.58, I2=50.52, P-value = 0.53). In a pooled analysis of six studies, there was a statistically non-significant association of ACEI/ARB use with lower odds of mortality as compared with non-users (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.53–1.41, I2 = 79.12, P-value = 0.55).

Conclusion
It is concluded that ACEIs and ARBs should be continued in COVID-19 patients, reinforcing the recommendations made by several medical societies. Additionally, the individual patient factors such as ACE2 polymorphisms which might confer higher risk of adverse outcomes need to be evaluated further.
COVID-19 kills at home: the close relationship between the epidemic and the increase of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests
Authors: Baldi Enrico , Sechi Giuseppe Maria , Mare Claudio , Canevari Fabrizio , Brancaglione Antonella , Primi Roberto , Klersy Catherine , Palo Alessandra , Contri Enrico , Ronchi Vincenza , Beretta Giorgio , Reali Francesca , Parogni Pierpaolo , Facchin Fabio , Rizzi Ugo , Bussi Daniele , Ruggeri Simone , Oltrona Visconti Luigi , Savastano Simone ,   the Lombardia CARe researchers, Compagnoni Sara , Fracchia Rosa , Cuzzoli Antonio , Pagliosa Andrea , Matiz Guido , Russo Alessandra , Vecchi Andrea Lorenzo , Fantoni Cecilia , Fava Cristian , Franzosi Cinzia , Vimercati Claudio , Franchi Dario , Storti Enrico , Taravelli Erika , Giovenzana Fulvio , Buetto Giovanni , Garzena Guido , Iotti Giorgio Antonio , Villa Guido Francesco , Botteri Marco , Caico Salvatore Ivan , Cominesi Irene Raimondi , Carnevale Livio , Caresani Matteo , Luppi Mario , Migliori Maurizio , Centineo Paola , Genoni Paola , Bertona Roberta , De Ponti Roberto , Osti Riccardo , Buratti Stefano , Danzi Gian Battista , Marioni Arianna , De Pirro Antonella , Molinari Simone , Sgromo Vito , Musella Valeria , Paglino Martina , Mojoli Francesco , Lusona Bruno , Pagani Michele , Curti Moreno 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
An increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence has been reported in the very early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic, but a clear demonstration of a correlation between the increased incidence of OHCA and COVID-19 is missing so far. We aimed to verify whether there is an association between the OHCA difference compared with 2019 and the COVID-19 epidemic curve.

Methods and results
We included all the consecutive OHCAs which occurred in the Provinces of Lodi, Cremona, Pavia, and Mantova in the 2 months following the first documented case of COVID-19 in the Lombardia Region and compared them with those which occurred in the same time frame in 2019. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 from 21 February to 20 April 2020 in the study territory was 956 COVID-19/100 000 inhabitants and the cumulative incidence of OHCA was 21 cases/100 000 inhabitants, with a 52% increase as compared with 2019 (490 OHCAs in 2020 vs. 321 in 2019). A strong and statistically significant correlation was found between the difference in cumulative incidence of OHCA between 2020 and 2019 per 100 000 inhabitants and the COVID-19 cumulative incidence per 100 000 inhabitants both for the overall territory (ρ 0.87, P &lt; 0.001) and for each province separately (Lodi: ρ 0.98, P &lt; 0.001; Cremona: ρ 0.98, P &lt; 0.001; Pavia: ρ 0.87, P &lt; 0.001; Mantova: ρ 0.81, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The increase in OHCAs in 2020 is significantly correlated to the COVID-19 pandemic and is coupled with a reduction in short-term outcome. Government and local health authorities should seriously consider our results when planning healthcare strategies to face the epidemic, especially considering the expected recurrent outbreaks.