bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injectivity index: a powerful tool for characterizing CO2 storage reservoirs—a technical note
Authors: Valluri Manoj , Mishra Srikanta , Ravi Ganesh Priya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInjectivity index is a powerful tool that can be easily calculated from field injection and pressure data. Theoretically, injectivity index is linked to reservoir properties such as permeability, thickness of pay, and size of the reservoir. Consequently, injectivity index data can serve as a powerful tool to assess changes in reservoir quality and performance. In this article, we have looked at field data from notable global carbon sequestration projects in order to identify a correlation between injectivity index (J) and the product of reservoir permeability and thickness (kh). Results suggested that there is a linear relationship between J and kh with field data confirming to lower and upper bounds of J = 0.03×kh and J = 0.23×kh respectively. Average trend was calculated to be J = 0.08×kh. This correlative approach can be extremely beneficial when there is a need to estimate pressure buildup corresponding to a target injection or vice versa. The approach can also be used to understand reservoir flowability and performance at a broader scale prior to the need for expensive or time consuming flow and pressure transient testing. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ambient assisted living technology‐mediated interventions for older people and their informal carers in the context of healthy ageing: A scoping review
Authors: Nilsson Maria Y. , Andersson Stefan , Magnusson Lennart , Hanson Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsThere is a growing demand for health and social care services to provide technology‐mediated interventions that promote the health and well‐being of older people with health or care needs and of their informal carers. The objectives of this study were to scope and review the nature and extent of prior intervention studies involving ambient assisted living technology‐mediated interventions for older people and their informal carers, and how and in what ways (if any) the goals and aims of these interventions reflected the domains of the World Health Organization framework for healthy ageing.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review. Data were collected between June and October 2018 with an updated search in October 2020. A total of 85 articles were eligible for inclusion.ResultsNine categories described the aims and content of the included studies. The healthy ageing domain “Ability to meet basic needs” was mirrored in four categories, whereas “Ability to contribute to society” was not addressed at all.ConclusionThe ways in which domains of healthy ageing are mirrored suggest that there is an emphasis on individual factors and individual responsibility, and a lack of attention given to broader, environmental factors affecting healthy ageing. Only a few of the studies used a dyadic approach when assessing health outcomes concerning older people and their informal carers.
Stories of My Journeys Through Valence Bond Theory, DFT, MD and their Applications to Complex Objects
Authors: Shaik Sason 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis Rosarium Philosophorum essay tells the story of the author's “conversion” to a theorist, and then the events which led him to stumble over valence bond (VB) theory, and his developments of “VB diagrams” as conceptual tools which enable one to describe all chemical reactions. The story continues to the adventure with the enzyme Cytochrome P450, and how this interest led eventually the author to treat the reactivity of this enzyme using VB diagrams. And finally, the essay describes the author's struggle with complexity through molecular dynamics of these enzymes. This is also a story of interactions between individuals who seek insight and wisdom and how they influence one another through friendships and teacher‐disciples relations. This is the key wisdom one garners through scientific life.
Testing to extreme: An application of reverse stress testing engineering on mortgages of commercial banks in China
Authors: Liu Chang , Tang Lin , Lin Dongtao , Guo Jiayi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe real estate market has been booming in China for the past 10 years. Highly leveraged on banks' credit, it has aroused regulators' attention because of the potential catastrophic consequence, and it may produce on the whole financial system if the housing price boom bursts and massive defaults on mortgages occur. In this article, reverse stress testing engineering has been employed to study the factors impacting significantly on the mortgages' defaults and their implicit transition mechanism under different simulated scenarios. This work, which produces more precise snapshots of the financial institutes' risk tolerances by pushing the risk factors to their limits, could be used by regulators for formulating housing price control policies and by banking management for implementing the credit default risk warning system.
Integration of choline geranate into electrospun protein scaffolds affords antimicrobial activity to biomaterials used for cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Bardsley Tatum A. , Evans Charlotte L. , Greene Joshua R. , Audet Robert , Harrison Mackenzie J. , Zimmerman Maxwell , Nieto Nathan C. , Del Sesto Rico E. , Koppisch Andrew T. , Kellar Robert S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWound healing attempts to maintain homeostasis in the wound while minimizing the risk of infection to the tissue by foreign agents, such as opportunistic bacterial pathogens. Biofilms established by these pathogens are a common cause of chronic infections that slow the healing process. Preparation of skin wound healing devices comprised of electrospun proteins associated with skin have been shown to accelerate the healing process relative to conventional wound dressings. In this work, we have developed electrospinning methods to incorporate the antimicrobial ionic liquid/deep eutectic solvent choline geranate (CAGE) into these devices. Integration of CAGE into the dressing material was verified via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and the effect on the material property of the resultant devices were assessed using scanning electron microscopy. CAGE‐containing devices demonstrate a concentration‐dependent inactivation of exogenously applied solutions of both gram‐positive and gram‐negative pathogens (Enterococcus sp and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively), but maintain their ability to serve as a compatible platform for proliferation of human dermal neonatal fibroblasts.
Low‐cost multi‐criteria design optimization of compact microwave passives using constrained surrogates and dimensionality reduction
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko‐Dabrowska Anna , Al‐Hasan Muath 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDesign of contemporary microwave circuits is a challenging task. Typically, it has to take into account several performance requirements and constraints. The design objectives are often conflicting and their simultaneous improvement may not be possible; instead, compromise solutions are to be sought. Representative examples are miniaturized microwave passives where reduction of the circuit size has a detrimental effect on its electrical characteristics. Acquiring information about the best possible design trade‐offs is invaluable for the designer, yet it entails computationally expensive multi‐objective optimization (MO). MO is typically conducted using population‐based metaheuristic algorithms, the cost of which might be extremely high. If the circuit performance is evaluated using full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis, this cost is often prohibitive. A workaround is the employment of fast surrogate models, and a number of surrogate‐assisted frameworks have been proposed in the literature. Unfortunately, a construction of reliable surrogates is hindered in higher dimensional parameter spaces. The recently proposed constrained modeling mitigates this issue to a certain extent by restricting the modeling process to the region containing the Pareto front to be found. This work proposes a novel surrogate‐based MO technique that involves constrained modeling and explicit reduction of the surrogate domain dimensionality. The latter is achieved through the spectral analysis of the extreme Pareto‐optimal design set obtained by local search routines. Our methodology is validated using a 15‐parameter impedance‐matching transformer with the Pareto set identified at the cost of a few hundred EM analyses of the circuit. The numerical experiments also demonstrate a significant reduction of the optimization cost as compared to the state‐of‐the‐art surrogate‐assisted MO methods.
Impacts of land‐use changes on soil fertility in Okomu Forest Reserve, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Enaruvbe Glory O. , Osewole Afolabi O. , Mamudu Ozien P. , Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study assessed changes in soil properties and soil fertility resulting from land‐use conversion from rainforest to oil palm and rubber plantations in Okomu Forest Reserve, Southern Nigeria. We collected 315 soil samples at 0–15, 15–30, and 30–60 cm and analyzed soil physicochemical properties. In addition, soil fertility index (SFI) was computed using the analytical hierarchical process. Our results showed that soil organic carbon declined by 40% and 60% (0–15 cm), 32% and 57% (15–30 cm) and 33% and 57% (30–60 cm) in oil palm and rubber plantations, respectively. Similarly, total nitrogen also declined by 43% and 56% (0–15 cm), 34% and 36% (15–30 cm), and 36% and 41% (30–60 cm) in oil palm and rubber plantations and was significantly lower in plantation soil than in the rainforest soil. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were, however, higher under oil palm than rubber plantations. In contrast, available phosphorus was higher under rubber plantations than oil palm plantations. The mean values of soil exchangeable potassium and sodium are significantly lower in the rainforest samples. Generally, SFI ranged from 7.30 to 20.46 in the rainforest, 4.16–13.21 in oil palm and 5.15–8.03 in rubber plantations. We conclude that soil degradation is more severe in oil palm plantations than in the rubber plantations. This implies that in addition to site‐specific management, species‐specific management strategy must also be developed to ensure sustainable utilization of soil resources in deforested rainforests.
Taxonomic and nutrient controls on phytoplankton iron quotas in the ocean
Authors: Twining Benjamin S. , Antipova Olga , Chappell P. Dreux , Cohen Natalie R. , Jacquot Jeremy E. , Mann Elizabeth L. , Marchetti Adrian , Ohnemus Daniel C. , Rauschenberg Sara , Tagliabue Alessandro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhytoplankton iron contents (i.e., quotas) directly link biogeochemical cycles of iron and carbon and drive patterns of nutrient limitation, recycling, and export. Ocean biogeochemical models typically assume that iron quotas are either static or controlled by dissolved iron availability. We measured iron quotas in phytoplankton communities across nutrient gradients in the Pacific Ocean and found that quotas diverged significantly in taxon‐specific ways from laboratory‐derived predictions. Iron quotas varied 40‐fold across nutrient gradients, and nitrogen‐limitation allowed diatoms to accumulate fivefold more iron than co‐occurring flagellates even under low iron availability. Modeling indicates such “luxury” uptake is common in large regions of the low‐iron Pacific Ocean. Among diatoms, both pennate and centric genera accumulated luxury iron, but the cosmopolitan pennate genus Pseudo‐nitzschia maintained iron quotas 10‐fold higher than co‐occurring centric diatoms, likely due to enhanced iron storage. Biogeochemical models should account for taxonomic and macronutrient controls on phytoplankton iron quotas.
Photonic Topological States Mediated by Staggered Bianisotropy
Authors: Bobylev Daniel A. , Smirnova Daria A. , Gorlach Maxim A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhotonic topological structures supporting spin‐momentum locked topological states underpin a plethora of prospects and applications for disorder‐robust routing of light. One of the cornerstone ideas to realize such states is to exploit uniform bianisotropic response in periodic structures with appropriate lattice symmetries, which together enable the topological bandgap. Here, it is demonstrated that staggered bianisotropic response gives rise to the topological states even in a simple lattice geometry whose counterpart with uniform bianisotropy is topologically trivial. The reason behind this intriguing behavior is in the difference in the effective coupling between the resonant elements with the same and with the opposite signs of bianisotropy. Based on this insight, a one‐dimensional (1D) equidistant array is designed, which consists of high‐index all‐dielectric particles with alternating signs of bianisotropic response. The array possesses chiral symmetry and hosts topologically protected edge states pinned to the frequencies of hybrid magneto‐electric modes. These results pave a way toward flexible engineering of topologically robust light localization and propagation by encoding spatially varying bianisotropy patterns in photonic structures.
Externally Pumped Photonic Chip‐Based Ultrafast Raman Soliton Source
Authors: Li Zhao , Du Qingyang , Wang Chaopeng , Zou Jinhai , Du Tuanjie , Richardson Kathleen A. , Cai Zhiping , Hu Juejun , Luo Zhengqian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe advantages of low cost, compact size, and reduced power consumption makes a photonic chip‐based ultrafast laser source an appealing technology for diverse applications such as all‐optical signal processing, frequency metrology, spectroscopy, and sensing. To date, on‐chip ultrafast sources are typically generated by microresonator‐based Kerr‐comb solitons, which require precise phase tuning and frequency agile lasers to access the soliton state. Here, this work reports the first experimental demonstration of an externally pumped on‐chip ultrafast soliton laser source based on Raman soliton self‐frequency shift. By capitalizing on strong optical nonlinearity and versatile dispersion control in Ge28Sb12Se60 chalcogenide glass waveguides, 185 fs duration Raman soliton generation has been demonstrated, possessing continuous wavelength tunability from 1589 to 1807 nm with signal‐to‐noise ratios consistently exceeding 65 dB. The source operates with pump pulse energies as low as 1.08 pJ, representing over three orders of magnitude improvement compared to fiber‐based Raman soliton sources. In addition, the generated solitons exhibit excellent spectral purity and stability free from parasitic sidebands. These experimental results are further validated by theoretical analysis, revealing insights into the soliton dynamics and critical device design guidelines. This work therefore enables a new class of broadly tunable, energy‐efficient, compact, and potentially cost‐effective on‐chip ultrafast laser sources.
Alewife and Blueback Herring Captured by Intertidal Weirs of the Inner Bay of Fundy, Canada, Display Seasonal Demographics that Suggest Multiple Migrating Stocks
Authors: Rulifson Roger A. , Dadswell Michael J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Little information is available concerning the seasonal demographics of marine migrating Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis, reported in commercial fisheries as “gaspereau” in Canada and “river herring” in the USA. Once adults and age-0 juveniles depart from coastal spawning rivers, they migrate along the North American Atlantic coast and are difficult to access for scientific analysis. During June–October 1985, a total of 3,785 Alewife and 2,343 Blueback Herring were examined for length, sex, and gonadal stage from commercial intertidal fishing weirs in Minas Basin and Cobequid Bay, Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia. Of these, 999 adults were subsampled for total weight and body cavity fat deposits. Both species first appeared in the weirs during June, when Blueback Herring generally dominated catches. By July, catches were evenly divided between the two species, and Alewife dominated after mid-August. Most adults were mature, and there was no discernable sex ratio pattern during the sampling period. Sampled fish exhibited abrupt changes in length, gonadal stage, condition factor, and abdominal wall and visceral mesentery fat deposits in relation to season (week), moon phase, and time of low tide. Sudden shifts in average lengths and fat deposits suggested that migrating Alewife were from different stocks. For Blueback Herring, the condition and status of fat deposits during June suggested that they were probably long-distance adult migrators. Blueback Herring in Cobequid Bay weirs during July were probably from local stocks. Results from a total of 12,422 tagged adults that were released in Minas Basin and Cobequid Bay during 1985 supported these findings. We propose that shifts in condition and fat deposits can be used to estimate migration distance, discriminating among local, regional, and long-distance movements.
Anti‐cN1A antibodies do not correlate with specific clinical, electromyographic, or pathological findings in sporadic inclusion body myositis
Authors: Paul Pritikanta , Liewluck Teerin , Ernste Floranne C , Mandrekar Jay , Milone Margherita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐cytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A (cN1A) antibodies are commonly detected in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM). However, their pathogenic role has not been established. Moreover, efforts toward identifying sIBM distinct clinicopathologic characteristics associated with these antibodies have yielded conflicting results.MethodsWe first searched for patients, seen in our clinics, tested for anti‐cN1A antibodies between December 2015 and December 2019. We identified 92 patients who were diagnosed with sIBM, according to the 2011 ENMC or Griggs et al criteria. Thereafter, we reviewed and compared the clinical and investigational findings of these patients in relation to their antibody status.ResultsAnti‐cN1A antibodies were present in 47/92 (51%) patients with sIBM. Comparison of seropositive and seronegative cohorts yielded no significant difference in clinical features, including facial weakness, oropharyngeal and respiratory involvement, or disease severity. The antibody titer did not correlate with the clinical phenotype, CK value, or presence of myotonic discharges on EMG. Anti‐cN1A antibody positive patients appeared to have more frequent auto‐aggressive inflammation on muscle biopsy but not as an isolated myopathological feature.ConclusionsOur study showed that anti‐cN1A antibody positive and negative sIBM patients have similar clinical features and disease severity. Anti‐cN1A antibodies in our sIBM cohort did not correlate with any studied clinical or laboratory parameter and, therefore, were of limited value in the patient's assessment.
Research development of 2D materials based photodetectors towards mid‐infrared regime
Authors: An Junru , Wang Bin , Shu Chang , Wu Wenming , Sun Baoquan , Zhang Zhiyu , Li Dabing , Li Shaojuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh performance mid‐infrared photodetectors play an irreplaceable role in optical communication, security monitoring, biological, and medical imaging and so on. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have demonstrated great potential for infrared photodetection application. In recent years, the research on 2D materials based mid‐infrared photodetectors has underwent a fast growth. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the 2D materials based photodetectors, with an emphasis on mid‐infrared photodetection. In the first section, we start with a brief discussion on the potential advantages of 2D materials for mid‐infrared photodetection. Next, we focus on the development of 2D mid‐infrared photodetectors, and then discuss the challenges of this rapidly‐growing field. Following this, we review the solutions for improving the device performances and point out the issues remained to be solved. Finally, the future directions in this area are discussed and general advices are provided for the future development of high‐performance mid‐infrared photodetectors based on 2D materials.
Numerical study and chaotic oscillations for aerodynamic model of wind turbine via fractal and fractional differential operators
Authors: Abro Kashif Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aeroelastic analysis has become important for aerodynamical model of wind turbine in predicting the wind turbine; such phenomenon is based on aerodynamic performance to have accuracy and feasibility through modeling of fractal and fractional differential techniques. In this context, the mathematical modeling is developed based on fractal and fractional differential techniques for three‐dimensional nonautonomous model of a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The fractal and fractional differential techniques so called Caputo, Caputo–Fabrizio and Atangana–Baleanu differential operators have been invoked for the controllability of the stability of system. Numerical schemes for the mathematical model of wind turbine have been established via Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method. The comparative analysis of mathematical model of wind turbine is tackled by means of classical, fractal, fractional and fractal–fractional techniques through chaotic behavior. The role of chaotic oscillations has been depicted on the basis of parametric study of tip speed ratio, pitch angle, drag coefficients, power coefficient, air density and rotor angular speed.
Computing the weighted neighbor isolated tenacity of interval graphs in polynomial time
Authors: Aslan Ersin , Tosun Mehmet A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWeighted graphs in graph theory are created by weighing different values depending on the importance of connections or centers in a graph model. Networks can be modeled with graphs such that the devices and centers correspond to the vertices and connections correspond to the edges. In these networks, weight can be assigned to the vertices for the workload and importance of the devices and centers, so that planning such as security and cost can be made in advance in the design of the network. Network reliability and security is an important issue in the computing area. There are several parameters for vulnerability measurement values of these networks modeled with graphs. We recommend the weighted conversion of the neighbor isolated tenacity parameter for this topic. It is known that tenacity, which is the basis of this parameter, is NP‐hard. But polynomial solutions can be created in interval graphs, which is a special graph from the perfect graph class. In this article, polynomial time algorithm is given to calculate weighted neighbor isolated tenacity of the interval graphs.