bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EHD2 is a Predictive Biomarker of Chemotherapy Efficacy in Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Shen Wei-Wei , Bièche Ivan , Fuhrmann Laetitia , Vacher Sophie , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Torrino Stéphanie , Lamaze Christophe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEHD2 is a mechanotransducing ATPase localized in caveolae invaginations at the plasma membrane. EHD2 has recently been associated with several human cancers, however the significance of EHD2 transcript levels in cancer prognosis remains debated. Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women and prognosis is variable depending on the subtypes. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) often has a poor therapeutic response. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of EHD2 transcripts and protein expression levels in breast carcinomas. We found that low EHD2 levels were associated with enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion of TNBC cells. EHD2 expression was significantly reduced in TNBC tissues and the loss of EHD2 led to higher expression of the pro-tumoral cytokine IL-8. In apparent contradiction with in vitro data, multivariate analysis of two independent cohorts of breast cancer patients revealed that low EHD2 was in fact associated with good prognosis in the highly proliferative TNBC subtype. Accordingly, TNBC low EHD2 expressers were found to benefit the most from chemotherapy when compared to all subtypes of breast cancers. Our study validates EHD2 expression level as an independent prognostic factor of metastasis-free survival and as a new predictive marker of chemotherapy efficacy in TNBC patients.
Coding and noncoding somatic mutations in candidate genes in basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Maturo Maria Giovanna , Rachakonda Sivaramakrishna , Heidenreich Barbara , Pellegrini Cristina , Srinivas Nalini , Requena Celia , Serra-Guillen Carlos , Llombart Beatriz , Sanmartin Onofre , Guillen Carlos , Di Nardo Lucia , Peris Ketty , Fargnoli Maria Concetta , Nagore Eduardo , Kumar Rajiv 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) represents the most commonly diagnosed human cancer among persons of European ancestry with etiology mainly attributed to sun-exposure. In this study we investigated mutations in coding and flanking regions of PTCH1 and TP53 and noncoding alterations in the TERT and DPH3 promoters in 191 BCC tumors. In addition, we measured CpG methylation within the TERT hypermethylated oncological region (THOR) and transcription levels of the reverse transcriptase subunit. We observed mutations in PTCH1 in 58.6% and TP53 in 31.4% of the tumors. Noncoding mutations in TERT and DPH3 promoters were detected in 59.2% and 38.2% of the tumors, respectively. We observed a statistically significant co-occurrence of mutations at the four investigated loci. While PTCH1 mutations tended to associate with decreased patient age at diagnosis; TP53 mutations were associated with light skin color and increased number of nevi; TERT and DPH3 promoter with history of cutaneous neoplasms in BCC patients. Increased reverse transcriptase subunit expression was observed in tumors with TERT promoter mutations and not with THOR methylation. Our study signifies, in addition to the protein altering mutations in the PTCH1 and TP53 genes, the importance of noncoding mutations in BCC, particularly functional alterations in the TERT promoter.
MicroRNA-132 regulates salt-dependent steady-state renin levels in mice
Authors: van Zonneveld Anton Jan , Au Yu Wah , Stam Wendy , van Gelderen Sharon , Rotmans Joris. I. , Deen Peter M. T. , Rabelink Ton J. , Bijkerk Roel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe body’s salt and fluid balance is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Generation of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) in a cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent manner in the macula densa, the salt-sensing cells of the kidney, plays a dominant role in renin regulation. Here we show that miR-132 directly targets Cox-2 and affects subsequent PGE2 and renin levels. MiR-132 is induced and reduced by low- and high salt treatment, respectively, in a p38- and ERK1/2-independent and CREB- and salt inducible kinase-dependent manner. Silencing of miR-132 in mice increases macula densa COX-2 expression and elevates PGE2 and renin levels, which are abrogated by the selective COX-2-inhibitor Celecoxib. Furthermore, a low or high salt diet induces and reduces macula densa miR-132 expression, while low salt diet combined with silencing miR-132 further increases renin levels. Taken together, we demonstrate a posttranscriptional regulatory role for salt-dependent miR-132 in fine-tuning the steady-state levels of renin.
Identification of hub genes related to prognosis in glioma
Authors: Zhang Delong , Zhao Jinxia , Han Chengzheng , Liu Xiaocen , Liu Jun , Yang Hui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Glioma, a common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, has high invasiveness. The objective of the present study was to identify genes playing an important role in the development of glioma and to reveal their potential research value. Conjoint analysis on the GSE16011 dataset in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the ‘Messenger RNA Expression Microarray of Diffuse Gliomas and Controls’ dataset and ‘RNA sequencing of Diffuse Gliomas’ dataset in the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database is carried out in the study. The weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to carry out co-expression analysis on the GSE16011.
Finally, 24 genes significantly related to grade and prognosis were obtained. In addition, there is no report about CACNG2, JPH3, TUBB6 (tubulin β 6 class V), NRSN1, FAM19A2, NALCN, CDH18, GNAL on glioma.
Dexmedetomidine postconditioning suppresses myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the SIRT1/mTOR axis
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Li Yongxing , Wang Yong , Zhuang Yuerong , Ren Xiaojie , Yang Kai , Ma Wuhua , Zhong Ming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) triggers a complicated chain of inflammatory reactions. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been reported to be important in myocardial disorders. We evaluated the role of Dex in MI/R injury via the silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. First, Dex was immediately injected into rat models of MI/R injury during reperfusion. After Evans Blue-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and Hematoxylin–Eosin (H-E) staining, MI/R injury was observed. The extracted serum and myocardial tissues were used to detect oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate MI/R autophagy and the levels of proteins associated with the SIRT1/mTOR axis. The effects of the combination of Dex and SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 on MI/R injury and autophagy were evaluated. Finally, the mechanism of Dex was tested, and autophagy levels and the levels of proteins associated with the SIRT1/mTOR signaling pathway were assessed in MI/R rats. The results of the present study suggested that Dex relieved MI/R injury, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, up-regulated the SIRT1/mTOR axis and decreased overautophagy in MI/R rats. SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 attenuated the protective effects of Dex. Our study demonstrated that Dex alleviated MI/R injury by activating the SIRT1/mTOR axis. This investigation may offer new insight into the treatment of MI/R injury.
MiR-486-3p inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of retinoblastoma cells by targeting ECM1
Authors: Yang Hongwei , Huang Yonggang , He Jian , Chai Guangrui , Di Yu , Wang Aiyuan , Gui Dongmei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It has been reported that miR-486-3p expression is decreased in retinoblastoma (RB) tumor tissues, however, its function in RB has been less reported. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory effects of miR-486-3p on RB cells. The expression of miR-486-3p in RB tissues and cells was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion ability were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) kit, clone formation assay, flow cytometry, scratch assay and transwell, respectively. Targetscan 7.2 and dual-luciferase reporter were used to verify target genes for miR-486-3p. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins and ECM1 were detected by Western blot. The miR-486-3p expression was decreased in RB tissues and cells. In RB cells, overexpression of miR-486-3p inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while promoted apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of miR-486-3p decreased Bcl-2 expression, while increased the expressions of Bax and Cleaved Caspase-3 (C caspase-3). ECM1 was the target gene of miR-486-3p, and miR-486-3p inhibited the expression of ECM1. Furthermore, ECM1 partially reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-486-3p on the proliferation, migration and invasion of RB cells. MiR-486-3p inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of RB by down-regulating ECM1.
Centromere assembly and non-random sister chromatid segregation in stem cells
Authors: Carty Ben L. , Dunleavy Elaine M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Asymmetric cell division (ACD) produces daughter cells with separate distinct cell fates and is critical for the development and regulation of multicellular organisms. Epigenetic mechanisms are key players in cell fate determination. Centromeres, epigenetically specified loci defined by the presence of the histone H3-variant, centromere protein A (CENP-A), are essential for chromosome segregation at cell division. ACDs in stem cells and in oocyte meiosis have been proposed to be reliant on centromere integrity for the regulation of the non-random segregation of chromosomes. It has recently been shown that CENP-A is asymmetrically distributed between the centromeres of sister chromatids in male and female Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs), with more CENP-A on sister chromatids to be segregated to the GSC. This imbalance in centromere strength correlates with the temporal and asymmetric assembly of the mitotic spindle and potentially orientates the cell to allow for biased sister chromatid retention in stem cells. In this essay, we discuss the recent evidence for asymmetric sister centromeres in stem cells. Thereafter, we discuss mechanistic avenues to establish this sister centromere asymmetry and how it ultimately might influence cell fate.
Predicting COVID‐19 trends in Canada: a tale of four models
Authors: Zhang Wandong , Zhao W.G. (Will) , Wu Dana , Yang Yimin 
Published: May 2020

This study aims to offer multiple‐model informed predictions of COVID‐19 in Canada, specifically through the use of deep learning strategy and mathematical prediction models including long‐short term memory network, logistic regression model, Gaussian model, and susceptible‐infected‐removed model. Using the published data as of the 10th of April 2020, the authors forecast that the daily increased number of infective cases in Canada has not reached the peak turning point and will continue to increase. Therefore, Canada's healthcare services need to be ready for the magnitude of this pandemic.
Step‐Up seven‐level neutral‐point‐clamped inverter based topology for TL‐PVS
Authors: Martinez‐Garcia Juan F. , Vazquez‐Guzman Gerardo , Martinez‐Rodriguez Panfilo Raymundo , Escobar Gerardo , Valdez‐Fernandez Andres A. , Sosa‐Zuniga Jose M. 
Published: May 2020

Single‐phase transformerless inverters are widely installed in grid connected photovoltaic systems due to their outstanding advantages, namely, high efficiency, low cost and high power density. The lack of galvanic isolation leads to common‐mode voltage (or current) issues, which are solved by means of modifications to topologies, control schemes and modulation strategies. This study proposes a novel multilevel inverter for single‐phase transformerless photovoltaic systems. The topology is based on the neutral‐point‐clamped inverter, and is aimed to attenuate the leakage ground current. The latter is caused by the common‐mode voltage fluctuations affecting the stray capacitances formed between the photovoltaic cells and the grounded frame. On the one hand, the proposed multilevel inverter can synthesise a seven levels output voltage, which reduces the total harmonic distortion. On the other hand, the magnitude of the output voltage can reach up to 1.5 times the DC input voltage, which eliminates the need of a voltage‐boosting stage for grid interconnection. This study also presents three dedicated pulse‐width modulation strategies, all of them based on the level‐shifted multicarrier sinusoidal pulse‐width modulation scheme. Numerical simulations and experimental tests in a 1 kW setup have been performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed topology
Real‐time open‐switch fault diagnosis in automotive permanent magnet synchronous motor drives based on Kalman filter
Authors: Naseri Farshid , Schaltz Erik , Lu Kaiyuan , Farjah Ebrahim 
Published: May 2020

This study proposes an effective diagnosis method for single and multiple open‐switch faults (OSFs) in three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The proposed method is based on the real‐time estimation of the three‐phase motor currents using three Kalman filters (KFs). Three residual signals are defined as the differences between the three‐phase measured and estimated stator currents. The averaged normalised residual signals are used as diagnostic criteria for the detection of OSFs. The proposed method accurately detects the OSFs, localises the faulty switches and effectively discriminates between the OSFs and current sensor faults. The main superiorities of the proposed KF‐based method are its fast detection time and high robustness to measurement noises/errors and load variations. Moreover, the proposed method is useful for both closed‐loop and open‐loop PMSM drives. The proposed method can be embedded as a subroutine in the drive control unit without any hardware extension. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through extensive simulations and several hardware‐in‐the‐loop experiments on a testbed with a 1.5 kW PMSM and dSPACE1104 control board. In addition, the real‐time feasibility of the proposed method using low‐cost microprocessor technology is guaranteed by testing it on TMS320F28335 from Texas Instruments©.
Preparation of poly(o‐phenylenediamine) nanoparticles with hydrolysed PEO45‐b‐PtBA35 as template and its electrochemical properties
Authors: Lan Haidie , Muslim Arzugul , Wang Lin 
Published: May 2020

Amphiphilic block copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) (PEO45‐b‐PtBA35) from atom transfer radical polymerisation was hydrolysed to varying degrees through adjusting hydrolysis time. And the hydrolysis product poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(acrylic acid) (PEO45‐b‐PAA35) was obtained and used as a template to synthesise nanostructured poly(o‐phenylenediamine) (PoPD). The influence of hydrolysis degrees of PEO45‐b‐PAA35 on the size and electrochemical properties of PoPD was investigated. Results showed that the PoPD particles have uniform sizes, and their size could be tuned with the hydrolysis degree of PEO45‐b‐PAA35. The average diameter and length of PoPD were less than 86 and 135 nm, and the size of these particles was increased with the increase of hydrolysis degree of PEO45‐b‐PAA35. Electrochemical characterisation proves that the particle with a smaller size had a better electrochemical activity. When the hydrolysis time was 12 h, the PoPD had the best specific capacitance compared with other samples. The discharge specific capacitance calculated by chronopotentiometric test of this sample is reached 809 F·g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A·g−1.
Reconstruction of water ice: the neglected process OH + OH → H2O + O
Authors: Redondo P. , Pauzat F. , Ellinger Y. , Markovits A. 
Published: May 2020

Context. Although H2O is the most important molecular material found in the solid state in the interstellar medium, the chemical routes leading to ice through surface reactions are still a matter of discussion. Three reaction pathways proposed in the past are at the heart of current research: hydrogenation of atomic oxygen, molecular oxygen, and ozone. The reaction network finally leads to a small number of processes giving H2O: H + OH, H2 + OH, and H + H2O2. To these processes, OH + OH should be added. It is known to be efficient in atmospheric chemistry and takes the irradiations of the interstellar grains into account that, directly or indirectly, create a number of OH radicals on and in the icy mantles.
Aims. We study the role of the existing ice in its own reconstruction after it is destroyed by the constant irradiation of interstellar grains and focus on the OH + OH reaction in the triplet state.
Methods. We used numerical simulations with a high level of coupled cluster ab initio calculations for small water aggregates and methods relevant to density functional theory for extended systems, including a periodic description in the case of solid water of infinite dimensions.
Results. OH + OH → H2O + O reaction profiles are reported that take the involvement of an increasing number of H2O support molecules into account. It is found that the top of the barrier opposing the reaction gradually decreases with the number of supporting H2O and falls below the level of the reactants for H2O layers or solid water.
Conclusions. In contrast to the gas phase, the reaction is barrierless on water ice. By adding a reconstructed H2O molecule and a free oxygen atom at the surface of the remaining ice, this reaction leaves open the possibility of the ice reconstruction.
Biochanin A, the Most Potent of 16 Isoflavones, Induces Relaxation of the Coronary Artery Through the Calcium Channel and cGMP-dependent Pathway
Authors: Migkos Thomas , Pourová Jana , Vopršalová Marie , Auger Cyril , Schini-Kerth Valérie , Mladěnka Přemysl 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe dietary intake of flavonoids seems to be inversely related to cardiovascular mortality. The consumption of isoflavonoids is increasing in the general population, especially due to the use of food supplements and a variety of isoflavonoid-rich foods. However, detailed studies on the vascular influence of individual pure isoflavonoids are mostly missing. For this study, 16 isoflavonoids were initially screened for their vasorelaxant properties on rat aortas. The 2 most potent of them, biochanin A and glycitein, were further tested for the mechanism of action on porcine coronary arteries. They both induced an endothelium independent vascular relaxation, with EC50 below 6 and 17 µM, respectively. Biochanin A, but not glycitein, was able to block the vasoconstriction caused by KCl, CaCl2, serotonin, and U46619 in a dose-dependent manner. Another series of experiments suggested that the major mechanism of action of biochanin A was the inhibition of L-type calcium channels. Moreover, biochanin A in relatively small concentrations (2 – 4 µM) interfered with the cGMP, but not cAMP, pathway in isolated coronary arteries. These results indicate that some isoflavonoids, in particular biochanin A, are able to have vasodilatory effects in micromolar concentrations, which is of potential clinical interest for the management of cardiovascular pathologies.
Fan flaps for Cheiloplasty (lower lip reconstruction): A two year experience
Authors: Rajan T.M. Sheeja , Varughese Saramma , Jagadeesh S. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Aim:To evaluate the fan flaps done during the past two years with regard to applicability, reliability, functional perspective and complications.Materials and Methods:All the fan flaps done were reviewed by inspecting case records and directly following up the patients (at periodic intervals). The indications, applicability to defect size, postoperative aesthetic and functional results and drawbacks were noted.Results: Eight fan flaps were done during this period. All were done for squamous cell carcinoma affecting lower lip. All the flaps survived. Two early cases of Gilles fan flap developed significant microstomia. Later flaps with neurovascular preservation maintained sensations with good commissural competence. Nakajima fan flaps gave good overall results.Conclusions: The fan flaps, especially the Nakajima modification with neurovascular preservation are safe and reliable flaps for lip reconstruction in terms of form and function.
Flexor accessorius longus: A rare variationof the deep extrinsic digital flexors of the leg and its phylogenetic significance
Authors: Jaijesh P , Shenoy M , Anuradha L , Chithralekha K K 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAnomalies of the calf muscles are rare. One such anomalous muscle, known as the Muscle Flexor accessorius longus (also named accessorius ad accessorium, accessorius secondus, accessory flexor digitorum longus or pronator pedis) is of morphological significance. When present, this originates in the deep fascia of the tibia or fibula and inserts in the foot either into the flexor digitorum accessorius or into the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus. In this report we present a discussion of the morphological significance and phylogenetic history of one such muscle observed. In this case report we describe an anomalous calf muscle which extends from the popliteal region, runs along the posterior compartment of the leg, reaches the sole and is inserted to the flexor digitorum longus muscle. This kind of muscle variations are considered to be the higher origin of the flexor digitorum accessorius muscle of the sole. Here we discuss the phylogenetic history of this muscle as this muscle variant is present in some primitive mammals, absent in apes and in this particular case appeared as one of the muscles of the flexor compartment of the leg.
Effect of Limb Position on Measurements of the Quadriceps Muscle Length/Femoral Length Ratio in Normal Beagle Dogs
Authors: Murakami Sawako , Nagahiro Yukari , Shimada Masakazu , Kanno Nobuo , Suzuki Shuji , Yogo Takuya , Harada Yasuji , Hara Yasushi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectives Dogs with patella alta reportedly have a shorter extensor mechanism than normal dogs. The present study aimed to measure the length of the extensor mechanism and to assess the effect of limb position on the quadriceps muscle length (QML)/femoral bone length (FL) ratio.Study Design Three-dimensional computed tomography images were taken of 12 Beagle dogs. Each dog underwent computed tomographic imaging 24 times with different limb positions. The QML/FL was measured on each image, along with the hip flexion–extension, hip abduction–adduction and stifle flexion–extension angles. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effect of these angles on the QML/FL.Results The QML/FL was increased with the hip extended (standardized partial regression coefficient 0.855 with linear plotting, 0.829 with log plotting) and with the stifle flexed (standardized partial regression coefficient 0.814 with linear plotting, 0.800 with log plotting). The partial regression coefficient of the hip abduction–adduction angle was small, indicating a small impact on the QML/FL. The 95% confidence range of the QML/FL with the hip extended and stifle flexed was 0.87 to 1.00 (mean ± standard deviation: 0.93 ± 0.03).Conclusion The QML/FL was more influenced by joint angles when the hip was flexed or the stifle was extended. Hence, these positions should be avoided when evaluating the QML/FL so that the QML is less altered by slight positioning disparities.