bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of sectoral shifts on Dutch unmarried women’s labor force participation, 1812–1929
Authors: Boter Corinne , Woltjer Pieter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring the nineteenth century, Dutch female labor force participation (FLFP) was relatively low. Most scholars argue that social norms and rising wages were driving this development. However, their conclusions principally apply to married women. We study unmarried women’s LFP (UFLFP) and investigate a third driver: shifting sectoral employment shares. We include all three drivers in a logistic regression based on nearly 2 million marriage records from 1812 to 1929. We conclude that social norms and income levels mattered, but that shifting sectoral employment shares were driving the decline in UFLFP because sectors with low demand for female laborers expanded.
The role of genetics in cardiovascular disease: arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: James Cynthia A , Syrris Petros , van Tintelen J Peter , Calkins Hugh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a heritable cardiomyopathy characterized by frequent ventricular arrhythmias and progressive ventricular dysfunction. Risk of sudden cardiac death is elevated in ACM patients and can be the presenting symptom particularly in younger individuals and athletes. This review describes current understanding of the genetic architecture of ACM and molecular mechanisms of ACM pathogenesis. We consider an emerging threshold model for ACM inheritance in which multiple factors including pathogenic variants in known ACM genes, genetic modifiers, and environmental exposures, particularly exercise, are required to reach a threshold for disease expression. We also review best practices for integrating genetics—including recent discoveries—in caring for ACM families and emphasize the utility of genotype for both management of affected individuals and predictive testing in family members.
The ‘Digital Twin’ to enable the vision of precision cardiology
Authors: Corral-Acero Jorge , Margara Francesca , Marciniak Maciej , Rodero Cristobal , Loncaric Filip , Feng Yingjing , Gilbert Andrew , Fernandes Joao F , Bukhari Hassaan A , Wajdan Ali , Martinez Manuel Villegas , Santos Mariana Sousa , Shamohammdi Mehrdad , Luo Hongxing , Westphal Philip , Leeson Paul , DiAchille Paolo , Gurev Viatcheslav , Mayr Manuel , Geris Liesbet , Pathmanathan Pras , Morrison Tina , Cornelussen Richard , Prinzen Frits , Delhaas Tammo , Doltra Ada , Sitges Marta , Vigmond Edward J , Zacur Ernesto , Grau Vicente , Rodriguez Blanca , Remme Espen W , Niederer Steven , Mortier Peter , McLeod Kristin , Potse Mark , Pueyo Esther , Bueno-Orovio Alfonso , Lamata Pablo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Providing therapies tailored to each patient is the vision of precision medicine, enabled by the increasing ability to capture extensive data about individual patients. In this position paper, we argue that the second enabling pillar towards this vision is the increasing power of computers and algorithms to learn, reason, and build the ‘digital twin’ of a patient. Computational models are boosting the capacity to draw diagnosis and prognosis, and future treatments will be tailored not only to current health status and data, but also to an accurate projection of the pathways to restore health by model predictions. The early steps of the digital twin in the area of cardiovascular medicine are reviewed in this article, together with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities ahead. We emphasize the synergies between mechanistic and statistical models in accelerating cardiovascular research and enabling the vision of precision medicine.
Diagnostic yield in victims of sudden cardiac death and their relatives
Authors: Hansen Benjamin Lautrup , Jacobsen Elisabeth Mütze , Kjerrumgaard Amalie , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob , Winkel Bo Gregers , Bundgaard Henning , Christensen Alex Hørby 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
International guidelines recommend cardiogenetic screening in families with sudden cardiac death (SCD) if the suspected cause is an inherited cardiac disease. The aim was to assess the diagnostic yield of inherited cardiac diseases in consecutively referred SCD families.

Methods and results
In this single-centre retrospective study, we consecutively included families referred to our tertiary unit between 2005 and 2018 for screening due to SCD. Following evaluation of premortem medical records and postmortem findings for the proband, the families underwent a guideline-based screening protocol. Relatives were followed and cardiovascular events registered. In total, 304 families with 695 relatives were included. In probands, mean age at death was 39 years (75% males) and in relatives mean age at screening was 35 years (47% males). The proband-diagnosis was established through autopsy findings (n = 89), genetic analyses (n = 7), or based on premortem findings (n = 21). In the remaining 187 families with borderline/no diagnosis in the proband, screening of relatives yielded a diagnosis in 26 additional families. In total, an inherited cardiac disease was identified in 143 out of 304 families (47%). In relatives, 73 (11%) were diagnosed. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (n = 16) was the most common diagnosis. During follow-up (mean 5.5 years), a low rate of serious cardiac events was observed (no SCD events).

Conclusion
Forty-seven percent of SCD families were diagnosed. Eleven percent of the screened relatives received a definite diagnosis and were offered treatment according to guidelines. A low rate of serious cardiovascular events was observed among SCD relatives.
Mental health and satisfaction with primary care services in older adults: a study from the patient perspective on four dimensions of care
Authors: Pitrou Isabelle , Berbiche Djamal , Vasiliadis Helen-Maria 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Few studies have examined the association between mental health and satisfaction with primary care services in community-dwelling older adults.

Objective
To examine the association between mental health in older adults and low satisfaction with primary care services within four dimensions of care.

Methods
This secondary data analysis included 1624 older adults participating in the ‘Étude sur la Santé des Aînés Services’ (ESA-Services study) and recruited in primary care practices between 2011 and 2013 in the province of Quebec. Patient satisfaction and experience with care were assessed during face-to-face interviews with questions adapted from the Primary Care Assessment Survey. Self-reported mental health indicators included depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, psychological distress and cognition. We conducted four logistic regressions to examine the associations between mental health and low satisfaction in the following dimensions of care: continuity of care, provider–patient interactions, adequacy of care and physical environment.

Results
Nearly half of participants (48.5%) reported low satisfaction in at least one dimension of care examined. High psychological distress was associated with low satisfaction with provider–patient interactions [odds ratio (OR) = 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00–1.04] and adequacy of care (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01–1.06). The presence of an anxiety disorder was associated with low satisfaction in adequacy of care (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.00–2.72). Worse cognitive functioning was associated with low satisfaction in continuity of care, provider–patient interaction and adequacy of care.

Conclusions
Mental health was consistently associated with low satisfaction within dimensions of care. Results support the need for increased attention when delivering care to older adults with mental health problems.
Comparison of microbiota, antimicrobial resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in flies and the feces of sympatric animals
Authors: Poudel Anil , Kang Yuan , Mandal Rabindra K , Kalalah Anwar , Butaye Patrick , Hathcock Terri , Kelly Patrick , Walz Paul , Macklin Kenneth , Cattley Russell , Price Stuart , Adekanmbi Folasade , Zhang Lixin , Kitchens Steven , Kaltenboeck Bernhard , Wang Chengming 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTFlies are well-known vectors of bacterial pathogens, but there are little data on their role in spreading microbial community and antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we compared the bacterial community, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in flies with those in the feces of sympatric animals. A 16S rRNA-based microbial analysis identified 23 bacterial phyla in fecal samples and 25 phyla in flies; all the phyla identified in the fecal samples were also found in the flies. Bray–Curtis dissimilarity analysis showed that the microbiota of the flies were more similar to the microbiota of the feces of their sympatric animals than those of the feces from the three other animal species studied. The qPCR array amplified 276 ARGs/MGEs in fecal samples, and 216 ARGs/MGEs in the flies, while 198 of these genes were identified in both flies and feces. Long-term studies with larger sample numbers from more geospatially distinct populations and infection trials are indicated to further evaluate the possibility of flies as sentinels for antimicrobial resistance.
Exploring University Age-Friendliness Using Collaborative Citizen Science
Authors: Chesser Stephanie A , Porter Michelle M , Barclay Ruth , King Abby C , Menec Verena H , Ripat Jacquie , Sibley Kathryn M , Sylvestre Gina M , Webber Sandra C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Since the launch of Dublin City University’s Age-Friendly University (AFU) Initiative in 2012, relatively little empirical research has been published on its feasibility or implementation by institutions of higher learning. This article describes how collaborative citizen science—a research method where professional researchers and community members work together across multiple stages of the research process (e.g., data collection, analysis, and/or knowledge mobilization) to investigate an issue—was used to identify barriers and supports to university age-friendliness at the University of Manitoba (UofM) in Canada.

Research Design and Methods
Ten citizen scientists each completed 1 data collection walk around the UofM campus and used a tablet application to document AFU barriers and supports via photographs and accompanying audio commentaries. The citizen scientists and university researchers then worked together in 2 analysis sessions to identify AFU priority areas and brainstorm recommendations for institutional change. These were then presented to a group of interested university stakeholders.

Results
The citizen scientists collected 157 photos documenting AFU barriers and supports on campus. Accessibility, signage, and transportation were identified as being the most pressing issues for the university to address to improve overall age-friendliness.

Discussion and Implications
We suggest that academic institutions looking to complete assessments of their age-friendliness, particularly those exploring physical barriers and supports, could benefit from incorporating older citizen scientists into the process of collecting, analyzing, and mobilizing findings.
Reconstruction of borehole radar images by a modified f–k migration
Authors: Huo Jianjian , Zhou Binzhong , Zhao Qing , Mason Iain M 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARY
Borehole radar (BHR) is an effective imaging tool. It can be used to detect and map faults, fractures, folds, domes, partings and mine workings. Most BHRs have azimuthally omnidirectional radiation patterns. The echoes sensed by such BHRs may come from any direction. Considering a radar in a straight borehole that passes through a stack of flat reflection planes, V-shaped events or crosses appear on the time section. One of the arms of each cross is a real image while the other is an ambiguity of known origin. Directional ambiguities such as these obstruct efforts to interpret the data. In this paper, we address this difficulty by using a modified f–k migration algorithm to translate crosses into lines on the final section that are consistent with a priori information about for example bedding. Compared with conventional strategies, for example migration + f–k dip filter, this approach integrates the two separated processes into one and is straightforward, computationally effective and simple to implement. The method is demonstrated using a synthetic model and a real BHR field data set. It allows the interpreter to use a priori information about fault swarms or plausible bedding planes at an early stage. The reconstructed BHR image helps the search for geological anomalies such as fractures, partings, domes and rolls that could be a hazard for mining.
Preferences of healthcare providers for capitation payment in Kenya: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Obadha Melvin , Chuma Jane , Kazungu Jacob , Abiiro Gilbert Abotisem , Beck Matthew J , Barasa Edwine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProvider payment mechanisms (PPMs) are important to the universal health coverage (UHC) agenda as they can influence healthcare provider behaviour and create incentives for health service delivery, quality and efficiency. Therefore, when designing PPMs, it is important to consider providers’ preferences for PPM characteristics. We set out to uncover senior health facility managers’ preferences for the attributes of a capitation payment mechanism in Kenya. We use a discrete choice experiment and focus on four capitation attributes, namely, payment schedule, timeliness of payments, capitation rate per individual per year and services to be paid by the capitation rate. Using a Bayesian efficient experimental design, choice data were collected from 233 senior health facility managers across 98 health facilities in seven Kenyan counties. Panel mixed multinomial logit and latent class models were used in the analysis. We found that capitation arrangements with frequent payment schedules, timelier disbursements, higher payment rates per individual per year and those that paid for a limited set of health services were preferred. The capitation rate per individual per year was the most important attribute. Respondents were willing to accept an increase in the capitation rate to compensate for bundling a broader set of health services under the capitation payment. In addition, we found preference heterogeneity across respondents and latent classes. In conclusion, these attributes can be used as potential targets for interventions aimed at configuring capitation to achieve UHC.
Acceptability and feasibility of a café-based sustainable food intervention in the UK
Authors: Graham Fiona , Barker Margo , Menon Manoj , Holdsworth Michelle 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Dietary change is needed to improve health and reduce the environmental burden of food production and consumption. Using an Intervention Mapping approach, this study aimed to explore the views caterers and customers held towards point-of-choice interventions that promote healthy and environmentally friendly (EF) food and beverage choices at the University of Sheffield. Intervention options proposed during focus groups were devised using the Nuffield Bioethics ladder of intervention. Ten focus groups were held involving caterers (n = 16) and customers (n = 45). Thematic analysis was conducted on the transcripts of caterer and customer focus groups seperately, and then comparisons were made to identify concerns about the acceptability and feasibility of intervention options. Attitudes towards intervention options varied considerably amongst stakeholders, with the greatest disparity of opinion in the acceptability of interventions that restrict or limit personal choice, particularly with regards to meat consumption. Information provision was favoured as an acceptable intervention by both customers and caterers. However, labelling products in terms of their environmental impact was considered practically unfeasible. Social norms around eating also emerged as influencing the acceptability and feasibility of interventions with concerns raised about: shaming customers who chose meat, the exclusivity of vegan choices and the limited availability and appeal of meatless café options. Financial considerations were the main priority of caterers when discussing point-of-choice interventions. An acceptable and feasible café-based intervention ought to increase awareness and understanding of healthy and EF food choices, protect customer choice and avoid additional costs.
Perceptions of outdoor gymnasiums in National Capital Region, India: creating active environments for health promotion
Authors: Sharma Rachit , Chaudhary Monika 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of physical inactivity in India is estimated to be at 34%, the highest among South Asian nations. Interventions, such as outdoor gymnasiums/gyms, aiming to promote physical activity, are becoming popular worldwide, including in India. This paper presents the first empirical evidence on outdoor gyms in India from a qualitative perspective. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews of 56 outdoor gym stakeholders—40 users, 10 non-users, 4 healthcare providers and 2 outdoor gym implementing municipality authorities were conducted in the National Capital Region of India. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed through the Framework Method. The qualitative findings present the perceived benefits, barriers/challenges to using and provide insights for further improving and scaling up outdoor gyms in India. Health enhancement in the form of improved general fitness, body weight control and diversification of physical exercise routines, social connectivity, easy accessibility, affordability, green outdoor surroundings, and a place of intrigue and attraction in respective parks were the major reported benefits of outdoor gyms. Low gym equipment to user ratio was one of the major challenges to gym use across the user group. Healthcare providers and non-users were majorly concerned about the potentially incorrect and unsupervised use of outdoor gym equipment. Major suggestions for improvement were increasing the number of equipment installed, regular equipment maintenance, and the presence of an on-site physical exercise trainer. Outdoor gymnasiums present as a viable option for promoting physical activity and should be scaled up systematically to improve the health of the populations across India and other similar nations.
Mice carrying an analogous heterozygous dynamin 2 K562E mutation that causes neuropathy in humans develop predominant characteristics of a primary myopathy
Authors: Pereira Jorge A , Gerber Joanne , Ghidinelli Monica , Gerber Daniel , Tortola Luigi , Ommer Andrea , Bachofner Sven , Santarella Francesco , Tinelli Elisa , Lin Shuo , Rüegg Markus A , Kopf Manfred , Toyka Klaus V , Suter Ueli 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Some mutations affecting dynamin 2 (DNM2) can cause dominantly inherited Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. Here, we describe the analysis of mice carrying the DNM2 K562E mutation which has been associated with dominant-intermediate CMT type B (CMTDIB). Contrary to our expectations, heterozygous DNM2 K562E mutant mice did not develop definitive signs of an axonal or demyelinating neuropathy. Rather, we found a primary myopathy-like phenotype in these mice. A likely interpretation of these results is that the lack of a neuropathy in this mouse model has allowed the unmasking of a primary myopathy due to the DNM2 K562E mutation which might be overshadowed by the neuropathy in humans. Consequently, we hypothesize that a primary myopathy may also contribute to the disease mechanism in some CMTDIB patients. We propose that these findings should be considered in the evaluation of patients, the determination of the underlying disease processes and the development of tailored potential treatment strategies.
Circulating Leptin Levels as a Potential Biomarker in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: de Carvalho Larissa Gabriela Ferreira , Lima William Gustavo , Coelho Luiz Gonzaga Vaz , Cardoso Valbert Nascimento , Fernandes Simone Odília Antunes 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is important for designing an effective therapeutic regimen. However, without any adequate gold standard method for differential diagnosis currently, therapeutic design remains a major challenge in clinical practice. In this context, recent studies have showed that circulating leptin stands out as a potential biomarker for the categorization of IBDs. Thus, we aimed to summarize the current understanding of the prognostic and diagnostic value of serum leptin in patients with IBDs.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Articles that aimed to study the relationship between circulating levels of leptin and IBDs were included. Finally, the meta-analysis was performed with the mean serum leptin levels in patients with IBDs and healthy controls using RevMan 5.3 software, with I2 &gt; 50% as a criterion for substantial heterogeneity.ResultsNineteen studies were included. Serum leptin levels among patients with IBDs and healthy controls did not show a significant difference (95% CI, −2.15 to 0.57; I2, 86%, P ≤ 0.00001). Similarly, there was no association of leptin levels with the activity of IBDs (95% CI, −0.24 to 0.06; I2, 50%; P = 0.13). However, serum leptin levels were significantly higher in patients with CD than those in patients with UC (95% CI, −2.09 to −0.37; I2, 7%; P ≤ 0.36).ConclusionThis review suggested that serum leptin levels might be a promising biomarker to help in the differentiation between CD and UC.
Saving the European Eel: How Morphological Research Can Help in Effective Conservation Management
Authors: De Meyer Jens , Verhelst Pieterjan , Adriaens Dominique 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered species, whose recruitment stocks have declined to nearly 1% compared to the late 70s. An amalgam of factors is responsible for this, among them migration barriers, pollution, habitat loss, parasite infection, and overfishing. A lot of recent studies focus on aspects that can increase the mature silver eel escapement rate, such as identifying migration barriers and developing passageways or addressing the impact of pollution on the eel’s health. However, little attention is given to the eel’s morphology in function of management measures. Worryingly, less than 50% of the currently installed management plans reach their goals, strongly indicating that more information is needed about the eel’s ecology and behavior. Functional morphological studies provide insights on how species perform behaviors crucial for survival, such as feeding and locomotion, but also in how environmental changes can affect or limit such behaviors. Consequently, functional morphology represents an important biotic component that should be taken into account when making conservation decisions. Hence, here, we provide an overview of studies on the eel’s morphology that do not only demonstrate its relation with ecology and behavior, but also provide information for developing and installing proper and more specific management measures.