bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive iterative learning control for 2D nonlinear systems with nonrepetitive uncertainties
Authors: Xing Jianmin , Chi Ronghu , Lin Na 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the iterative learning control (ILC) problem for two‐dimensional (2D) multi‐input multi‐output nonlinear parametric systems by taking all nonrepetitive uncertainties of stochastic initial shifts, different tracking tasks and nonuniform trial lengths into consideration. A 2D stochastic variable is defined with Bernoulli stochastic distribution for the first time to handle iteration‐varying trial lengths. The desired output is incorporated into the learning control law as a feedback to compensate the iterative changes of the tracking tasks. An iterative 2D parameter updating law is established using a new defined virtue tracking error to well address the systems uncertainties and varying trial lengths. Consequently, a novel 2D adaptive ILC (2D‐AILC) is presented by incorporating the control law and parameter updating law. The convergence is proved by introducing both the Lyapunov stability principle and the 2D key technique lemma into the repetitive 2D systems even though the dynamic evolution along with two‐dimensional directions makes it more difficult in the mathematic analysis. The simulation study tests the theoretical results: the presented 2D‐AILC scheme can still accomplish a tracking task exactly even though there exist random initial states, nonrepetitive reference trajectories, and iteration‐varying trial lengths.
Neural networks‐based adaptive practical preassigned finite‐time fault tolerant control for nonlinear time‐varying delay systems with full state constraints
Authors: Wang Xinjun , Niu Ben , Song Xinmin , Zhao Ping , Wang Zhenhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article concentrates upon an adaptive practical preassigned finite‐time fault‐tolerant control problem for a class of time‐delay nonlinear systems in nonstrict‐feedback form with full state constraints (FSCs) and actuator fault. The completely unknown nonlinear functions exist in the system are identified by the neural networks (NNs). It is challenged to investigate finite‐time fault‐tolerant control problem for nonlinear systems while encountering the time‐delays, actuator faults and FSCs simultaneously, which increases the difficulty of design. The Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals and the hyperbolic tangent functions are utilized to eliminate the effect of time‐varying delays. The actuator fault considered in this article contains the loss of effectiveness and the bias fault, simultaneously. By combining a modified barrier Lyapunov function with finite‐time performance function, the finite‐time fault‐tolerant controller is designed. It is demonstrated that the proposed adaptive controller guarantees that the system states converge to a preassigned zone at a finite‐time and all the signals of the closed‐loop system remain semiglobally practical finite‐time stable. Numerical examples are offered to illustrate the feasibility of the theoretical result.
Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy‐model‐based event‐triggered point control for semilinear partial differential equation systems using collocated pointwise measurements
Authors: Song Xiaona , Wang Mi , Zhang Qiyuan , Song Shuai , Wang Zhen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses event‐triggered point control design for semilinear partial differential equation systems by using pointwise measurements. First, the nonlinear terms existing in the plant are approximated by Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model, based on which a novel fuzzy controller is constructed. The main novelties of the control strategy are summarized as follows: (1) The one‐dimensional space is divided into L parts, and only a few points need to measure. (2) Event‐triggered communication scheme is introduced to save the limited transmission channel. (3) Pointwise control is considered to reduce the control cost via utilizing limited actuators. Second, the conditions that guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system are established by using Lyapunov direct method and some inequality techniques including Wirtinger's and Halanay's inequalities, and the controller gains can be obtained via solving linear matrix inequalities. Third, three simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.
Defining post‐traumatic stress disorder recovery in veterans: Benchmarking symptom change against functioning indicators
Authors: Hinton Mark , O'Donnell Meaghan , Cowlishaw Sean , Kartal Dzenana , Metcalf Olivia , Varker Tracey , McFarlane Alexander C. , Hopwood Malcolm , Bryant Richard A. , Forbes David , Howard Alexandra , Lau Winnie , Cooper John , Phelps Andrea J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImproved metrics of Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment response that extend beyond a focus on symptom reduction to incorporate meaningful, patient‐centred indicators of functioning are needed in veteran populations. The aim of this study was to extend previous research by investigating whether indicators of functioning can successfully distinguish against symptom response categories derived from the Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL‐5) pre‐ and post‐ PTSD treatment. Participants were 472 veterans receiving hospital‐based treatment for PTSD. In addition to the PCL‐5, measures included quality of life, social relationships, physical health and psychological distress. Four mutually exclusive, progressive response categories were used to define treatment response including: No Response, Response, Response and Below Threshold, and Remission. PTSD symptom reductions were associated with corresponding improvements in broader indicators of functioning. However, it was only when the magnitude of symptom reduction placed the individual in the ‘Response and Below Threshold’ category that improvement on functioning measures achieved levels indicative of a good end state. Traditional metrics of treatment ‘response’ in PTSD treatment do not necessarily indicate recovery on important functioning indicators. Only when an individual both responds to treatment and drops below threshold for probable disorder are they likely to report having meaningful levels of functioning.
Single‐Molecule Conductance of a π‐Hybridized Tripodal Anchor while Maintaining Electronic Communication
Authors: Ohto Tatsuhiko , Tashiro Aya , Seo Takuji , Kawaguchi Nana , Numai Yuichi , Tokumoto Junpei , Yamaguchi Soichiro , Yamada Ryo , Tada Hirokazu , Aso Yoshio , Ie Yutaka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDirect hybridization between the π‐orbital of a conjugated molecule and metal electrodes is recognized as a new anchoring strategy to enhance the electrical conductance of single‐molecule junctions. The anchor is expected to maintain direct hybridization between the conjugated molecule and the metal electrodes, and control the orientation of the molecule against the metal electrodes. However, fulfilling both requirements is difficult because multipodal anchors aiming at a robust contact with the electrodes often break the π‐conjugation, thereby resulting in an inefficient carrier transport. Herein, a new tripodal anchor framework—a 7,7‐diphenyl‐7H‐benzo[6,7]indeno[1,2‐b]thiophene (PBIT) derivative—is developed. In this framework, π‐conjugation is maintained in the molecular junction, and the tripodal structure makes the molecule stand upright on the metal electrode. Molecular conductance is measured by the break junction technique. A vector‐based classification and first‐principles transport calculations determine the single‐molecule conductance of the tripodal‐anchoring structure. The conductance of the PBIT‐based molecule is higher than that of the tripodal anchor having sp3 carbon atoms in the carrier transport pathway. These results demonstrate that extending the π‐conjugation to the tripodal leg is an effective strategy for enhancing the conductivities of single‐molecule junctions.
Imaging Beyond Seeing: Early Prognosis of Cancer Treatment
Authors: Shi Changrong , Zhou Zijian , Lin Hongyu , Gao Jinhao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAssessing cancer response to therapeutic interventions has been realized as an important course to early predict curative efficacy and treatment outcomes due to tumor heterogeneity. Compared to the traditional invasive tissue biopsy method, molecular imaging techniques have fundamentally revolutionized the ability to evaluate cancer response in a spatiotemporal manner. The past few years has witnessed a paradigm shift on the efforts from manufacturing functional molecular imaging probes for seeing a tumor to a vantage stage of interpreting the tumor response during different treatments. This review is to stand by the current development of advanced imaging technologies aiming to predict the treatment response in cancer therapy. Special interest is placed on the systems that are able to provide rapid and noninvasive assessment of pharmacokinetic drug fates (e.g., drug distribution, release, and activation) and tumor microenvironment heterogeneity (e.g., tumor cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and inflammatory cells). The current status, practical significance, and future challenges of the emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technology and machine learning in the applications of medical imaging fields is overviewed. Ultimately, the authors hope that this review is timely to spur research interest in molecular imaging and precision medicine.
Synthesis of molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for selective cytidine adsorption
Authors: Öngün Emine , Akgönüllü Semra , Yavuz Handan , Denizli Adil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMagnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles were fabricated for cytidine adsorption. Molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared by complexing N‐methacryloyl‐l‐histidine/Cu(II) and cytidine as a template molecule in a highly cross‐linked polymer. Magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles were tested in batch experiments with aqueous samples of cytidine, and several parameters were investigated. The N‐methacryloyl‐l‐histidine/Cu(II) complex was selected to obtain a rebinding of cytidine on the magnetic nanoparticles. The template molecule was removed using 1.0 M NaCl as a desorption agent. The adsorption of cytidine was optimal in a buffer solution of pH 7.4 for 120 min with adsorption capacity of 39.77 mg/g. The imprinted polymer‐based magnetic nanoparticles were selective toward cytidine as compared to the analogs (uridine and thymidine). The adsorption fitted a Langmuir isotherm model with an R2 value of 0.9861 and the Qmax value of 43.86 mg/g for the magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles.
A phylogeny of Emilia (Senecioneae, Asteraceae) – implications for generic and sectional circumscription
Authors: Mapaya Ruvimbo J. , Cron Glynis V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEmilia is a widely distributed, mainly African, palaeotropical genus in the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae). It comprises 117 species, most of which are annual herbs. Bayesian and parsimony phylogenetic analyses were performed on 51 Emilia species along with closely related genera in the Senecioneae using nuclear ITS and plastid trnL‐trnF sequence data to address questions around the generic circumscription of Emilia, including the status of the similar genera Emiliella and Bafutia, assess Jeffrey's sectional classification of Emilia, and evaluate the distinctness of the morphologically similar species in the large‐headed Emilia coccinea complex. Both nuclear and plastid phylogenies reveal Emilia to be paraphyletic and polyphyletic, with Bafutia and Emiliella nested within Emilia, and Jeffrey's sectional classification is not supported. The phylogenies provide additional evidence that Emilia coccinea and E. caespitosa should be synonymised, as shown by published phenetic cluster and multivariate analyses. The necessary taxonomic changes are made in this manuscript.
Cutaneous myiasis in cats and dogs: Cases, predisposing conditions and risk factors
Authors: Pezzi Marco , Scapoli Chiara , Chicca Milvia , Leis Marilena , Marchetti Maria Gabriella , Del Zingaro Carlo Nicola Francesco , Vicentini Chiara Beatrice , Mamolini Elisabetta , Giangaspero Annunziata , Bonacci Teresa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo cases of cutaneous myiasis diagnosed in 2018 in Emilia‐Romagna region (northern Italy) were reported. The first one, described in a domestic cat Felis silvestris catus L. (Carnivora: Felidae) and caused by Calliphora vicina Robineau‐Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae), was the first one of this type ever reported in Italy in cats. The second one was described in a domestic dog Canis lupus familiaris L. (Carnivora: Canidae) and caused by Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and was unusual because it occurred in absence of lesions. An extensive literature search on cutaneous myiasis in these two domestic animal species was performed in order to draw attention to predisposing conditions and risk factors.
Mitochondrial RNA quality control in trypanosomes
Authors: Aphasizheva Inna , Aphasizhev Ruslan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnicellular parasites Trypanosoma brucei spp. cause African human and animal trypanosomiasis, a spectrum of diseases that jeopardize public health and afflict the economy in sub‐Saharan Africa. These hemoflagellates are distinguished by a single mitochondrion, which contains a kinetoplast nucleoid composed of DNA and histone‐like proteins. Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) represents a densely packed network of interlinked relaxed circular molecules: a few ~23‐kb maxicircles encoding ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and proteins, and approximately 5,000 1‐kb minicircles bearing guide RNA (gRNA) genes. The transcription start site defines the mRNA's 5′ terminus while the primary RNA is remodeled into a monocistronic messenger by 3′–5′ exonucleolytic trimming, 5′ and 3′ end modifications, and, in most cases, by internal U‐insertion/deletion editing. Ribosomal and guide RNA precursors are also trimmed, and the processed molecules are uridylated. For 35 years, mRNA editing has attracted a major effort, but more recently the essential pre‐ and postediting processing and turnover events have been discovered and the key effectors have been identified. Among these, pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) RNA binding proteins emerged as conduits coupling modifications of mRNA termini with internal sequence changes introduced by editing. Among 39 annotated PPRs, 20 belong to ribosomal subunits or assembly intermediates, four function as polyadenylation factors, a single factor directs 5′ mRNA modification, and one protein is found in F1‐ATPase. Nuclear and mitochondrial RNases P consist of a single PPR polypeptide, PRORP1 and PROP2, respectively. Here, we review PPR‐mediated mitochondrial processes and discuss their potential roles in mRNA maturation, quality control, translational activation, and decay.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Capping and 5′ End Modifications
RNA Processing > 3′ End Processing
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
(15‐crown‐5)BiI3 as a Building Block for Halogen Bonded Supramolecular Aggregates
Authors: Wagner Bettina , Heine Johanna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present the synthesis and characterization of (15‐crown‐5)BiI3 (1) and (15‐crown‐5)BiI3 ⋅ 0.5TIE (2), a halogen bonded adduct with tetraiodoethylene (TIE), a typical halogen bond donor. Single crystal structure analysis of 2 suggests a halogen bonding interaction between crown ether complex and TIE. The two compounds’ thermal, optical and vibrational properties are investigated in comparison, with differences pointing towards a notable interaction between the two building blocks in 2. Our results show that crown ether complexes of main group metal halides can be employed as halogen bond acceptors for the synthesis of new supramolecular aggregates.
Smooth Muscle Cell-Proteoglycan-Lipoprotein Interactions as Drivers of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Allahverdian Sima , Ortega Carleena , Francis Gordon A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn humans, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the main cell type in the artery medial layer, in pre-atherosclerotic diffuse thickening of the intima, and in all stages of atherosclerotic lesion development. SMCs secrete the proteoglycans responsible for the initial binding and retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in the artery intima, with this retention driving foam cell formation and subsequent stages of atherosclerosis. In this chapter we review current knowledge of the extracellular matrix generated by SMCs in medial and intimal arterial layers, their relationship to atherosclerotic lesion development and stabilization, how these findings correlate with mouse models of atherosclerosis, and potential therapies aimed at targeting the SMC matrix-lipoprotein interaction for atherosclerosis prevention.
On exact-WKB analysis, resurgent structure, and quantization conditions
Authors: Sueishi Naohisa , Kamata Syo , Misumi Tatsuhiro , Ünsal Mithat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere are two well-known approaches to studying nonperturbative aspects of quantum mechanical systems: saddle point analysis of the partition functions in Euclidean path integral formulation and the exact-WKB analysis based on the wave functions in the Schrödinger equation. In this work, based on the quantization conditions obtained from the exact-WKB method, we determine the relations between the two formalism and in particular show how the two Stokes phenomena are connected to each other: the Stokes phenomenon leading to the ambiguous contribution of different sectors of the path integral formulation corresponds to the change of the “topology” of the Stoke curves in the exact-WKB analysis. We also clarify the equivalence of different quantization conditions including Bohr-Sommerfeld, path integral and Gutzwiller’s ones. In particular, by reorganizing the exact quantization condition, we improve Gutzwiller’s analysis in a crucial way by bion contributions (incorporating complex periodic paths) and turn it into an exact result. Furthermore, we argue the novel meaning of quasi-moduli integral and provide a relation between the Maslov index and the intersection number of Lefschetz thimbles.
The impact of emotional content on pseudoword recognition
Authors: Sulpizio Simone , Pennucci Eleonora , Job Remo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the influence of emotional information on language processing. To this aim, we measured behavioral responses and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during four Italian lexical decision experiments in which we used emotionally intense and neutral pseudowords—i.e., pseudowords derived from changing one letter in a word (e.g.,cammelto, derived fromcammello‘camel’ vs.copezzolo, fromcapezzolo‘nipple’)—as stimuli. In Experiment 1 and 2, half of the pseudowords were emotionally intense and half were neutral, and were mixed with neutral words. In Experiment 3, the list composition was manipulated, with ¼ of the pseudowords being derived from emotionally intense words and ¾ derived from neutral words. Experiment 4 was identical to Experiment 1, but ERPs were recorded. Emotionally intense pseudowords were categorized more slowly than neutral pseudowords, with the difference emerging both in the mean and at the leading edge of the response times distribution. Moreover, emotionally intense pseudowords elicited smaller N170 and N400 than neutral pseudowords. These results speak in favor of a fast and multi-level infiltration of the emotional information into the linguistic process of word recognition.
A scheme for direct detection of qubit–environment entanglement generated during qubit pure dephasing
Authors: Rzepkowski Bartosz , Roszak Katarzyna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe propose a scheme for the detection of qubit–environment entanglement which requires only operations and measurements on the qubit, all within reach of current experimental state-of-the-art. The scheme works for any type of interaction which leads to pure dephasing of the qubit as long as the initial qubit state is pure. The scheme is direct in the sense that it allows the detection of entanglement present in the system at time $$\tau $$
τ
after the initialization of the qubit in a superposition state. It requires a measurement on the qubit at time $$\tau $$
τ
and a comparison of the post-measurement evolution to the evolution obtained by a modified scheme. It becomes particularly simple when one of the qubit states is neutral with respect to the environment, such as in case of the most common choice of the NV center spin qubit or for excitonic charge qubits, when the environment is initially at thermal equilibrium. In this case, the post-measurement evolution needs to be compared only to the standard decoherence which is obtained without any qubit manipulation after the preparation of the initial state.
Risikoeinschätzungsinstrumente und professionelles Handeln im Kinderschutz
Authors: Ackermann Timo 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht, welche Handlungsstrategien Sozialarbeiter_innen der Jugendämter im Umgang mit Risikoeinschätzungsinstrumenten entwickeln. Empirische Grundlage sind Materialien aus einem ethnografischen Forschungszusammenhang. Gezeigt wird, wie Sozialarbeiter_innen von Risikoeinschätzungsinstrumenten – als Bestandteil organisationaler Entscheidungsstrukturen – zu komplexer Interpretationsarbeit herausgefordert werden. Vier Formen von Handlungsweisen werden mit Blick auf ihre Bedeutung für professionelles Handeln genauer betrachtet: „Durcharbeiten“, Häkchen setzen“, „Ignorieren“ und „Umarbeiten“. Betont wird, dass die beobachteten Strategien als Ausdruck situativer Herstellung von Professionalität verstanden werden sollten. Eine noch striktere Einbindung von Risikoeinschätzungsinstrumenten in digitale Workflows gefährde jedoch, eigenständige und situationsadäquate, professionelle Handlungsweisen im Umgang mit Risikoeinschätzungsinstrumenten.
Democracy in context: using a distributional semantic model to study differences in the usage of democracy across languages and countries
Authors: Dahlberg Stefan , Axelsson Sofia , Holmberg Sören 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCross-cultural survey research rests upon the assumption that if survey features are kept constant, data will remain comparable across languages, cultures and countries. Yet translating concepts across languages, cultures and political contexts is complicated by linguistic, cultural, normative or institutional discrepancies. Such discrepancies are particularly relevant for complex political concepts such as democracy, where the literature on political support has revealed significant cross-cultural differences in people’s attitudes toward democracy. Recognizing that language, culture and other socio-political variables affect survey results has often been equated with giving up on comparative research and many survey researchers have consequently chosen to simply ignore the issue of comparability and measurement equivalence across languages, cultures and countries. This paper contributes to the debate, using a distributional semantic lexicon, which is a statistical model measuring co-occurrence statistics in large text data. The method is motivated by structuralist meaning theory, stating that words with similar meanings tend to occur in similar contexts, and that contexts shape and define the meanings of words. Compared to other methodological approaches aimed at identifying and measuring cross-cultural discrepancies, this approach enables us to systematically analyze how the concept of democracy is used in its natural habitat. Collecting geo-tagged language data from news and social online source documents this paper descriptively explores varieties in meanings of democracy across a substantial number of languages and countries, and maps ways in which democracy is used among online populations and regions worldwide.