bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and physiological efficacy of the application of autologous fat with platelet rich plasma in treating faecal incontinence
Authors: Castillo Elvis Vargas , Amaral Ingrid Melo , Domínguez Arisel , López Sthephfania , Chiantera Daniel , Paz Mariangela Pérez , Coacuto Jenils Daniela , Soto Andrés Eloy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose Faecal incontinence (FI) is a frequent condition that can occur due to different causes; with negative impact on self-esteem and quality of life, secondary morbidity, disability and significant costs. For its treatment there is a wide range of options, being medical treatment, hygienic dietary modifications and biofeedback, the first line of treatment; reserving surgery for patients who do not respond or with severe FI; this with variable success rates and high cost. This study has the primary aim to assess the efficacy and describe the Technique of Application of Autologous Fat with Platelet Rich Plasma (AFPRiP) in patients with faecal incontinence as well as secondary endpoints of quality of life, manometric and ultrasound evaluation, safety of implantation, and complications.
Methods A single-centre prospective, experimental study, was conducted from January 2017 to February 2018 in Domingo Luciani Hospital. Wexner and FIQL scores were filled preoperative and compared at follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 months as well as anorectal manometry and endoanal ultrasound were performed before and 6 months after surgery.
Results Twelve patients were operated, mean time 43 min, no major complications. Wexner finding continence improvement from 10.4 pre to 4 in the 3rd month (p = 0.066) 4.74 at the 6th month (p = 0.001) and 5 at one year (p = 0.001); that is, improvement of >50% in 83.4%. FIQL 50.9 prior to 98.6 at 3rd month (p = 0.001) 95.5 to 6th month (p = 0.001) and 91.3 a year (p = 0.066).
Conclusions We conclude that AFPRiP is innovative, safe and with adequate results.
APPROXIMATING SMOOTH, MULTIVARIATE FUNCTIONS ON IRREGULAR DOMAINS
Authors: ADCOCK BEN , HUYBRECHS DAAN 
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we introduce a method known aspolynomial frame approximationfor approximating smooth, multivariate functions defined on irregular domains in$d$dimensions, where$d$can be arbitrary. This method is simple, and relies only on orthogonal polynomials on a bounding tensor-product domain. In particular, the domain of the function need not be known in advance. When restricted to a subdomain, an orthonormal basis is no longer a basis, but a frame. Numerical computations with frames present potential difficulties, due to the near-linear dependence of the truncated approximation system. Nevertheless, well-conditioned approximations can be obtained via regularization, for instance, truncated singular value decompositions. We comprehensively analyze such approximations in this paper, providing error estimates for functions with both classical and mixed Sobolev regularity, with the latter being particularly suitable for higher-dimensional problems. We also analyze the sample complexity of the approximation for sample points chosen randomly according to a probability measure, providing estimates in terms of the correspondingNikolskii inequalityfor the domain. In particular, we show that the sample complexity for points drawn from the uniform measure is quadratic (up to a log factor) in the dimension of the polynomial space, independently of $d$, for a large class of nontrivial domains. This extends a well-known result for polynomial approximation in hypercubes.
Agronomic and economic benefits of integrated nutrient management options for cowpea production
Authors: Issoufa Bachir Bounou , Ibrahim Ali , Abaidoo Robert Clement 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe limitation of soil amendments and insufficient and irregular rainfall are the main factors accounting for the decline in crop yields in the Sahelian low-input cropping systems. This study explored the agronomic and economic responses of integrated use of millet glume-derived compost with synthetic fertilizer in cowpea-based cropping system. A two-year field experiment was laid out as factorial design arranged in randomized complete blocks with three rates of compost (0, 4000, and 8000 kg ha−1) and three rates of recommended synthetic fertilizer (0, 50, and 100%). Cowpea grain yield increased markedly with combined application of compost and synthetic fertilizer. The combined use of compost applied at 8000 kg ha−1 and 50% of the recommended rate of synthetic fertilizer increased cowpea grain yield by 51% compared to the application of 100% of the recommended rate of synthetic fertilizer. The rainwater use efficiency (RaUE) increased by 52 and 49% with the combined application of compost at 8000 kg ha−1 along with 50% of the recommended rate of synthetic fertilizer when compared to the application of 100% of the recommended rate of synthetic fertilizer in 2013 and 2014, respectively. All treatments induced a positive net income, and the highest value/cost ratio was achieved with combined application of compost and synthetic fertilizer. This study highlights the possibility of improving cowpea productivity through combined use of composted locally available organic input with half of the recommended rate of synthetic fertilizer. This combination would reduce the investment in mineral fertilizer currently made by smallholder farmers in the Sahelian low-input cowpea cropping system and reduce environmental pollution resulting from the current practice of burning the millet glume.
Individual dairy cow management: achievements, obstacles and prospects
Authors: Maltz Ephraim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis review deals with the prospects and achievements of individual dairy cow management (IDCM) and the obstacles and difficulties encountered in attempts to successfully apply IDCM into routine dairy management. All aspects of dairy farm management, health, reproduction, nutrition and welfare are discussed in relation to IDCM. In addition, new IDCM R&D goals in these management fields are suggested, with practical steps to achieve them. The development of management technologies is spurred by the availability of off-the-shelf sensors and expanded recording capacity, data storage, and computing capabilities, as well as by demands for sustainable dairy production and improved animal wellbeing at a time of increasing herd size and milk production per cow. Management technologies are sought that would enable the full expression of genetic and physiological potential of each cow in the herd, to achieve the dairy operation's economic goals whilst optimizing the animal's wellbeing. Results and conclusions from the literature, as well as practical experience supported by published and unpublished data are analyzed and discussed. The object of these efforts is to identify knowledge and management routine gaps in the practical dairy operation, in order to point out directions and improvements for successful implementation of IDCM in the dairy cows' health, reproduction, nutrition and wellbeing.
HOW WELL WERE CREDITORS’ RIGHTS PROTECTED IN EARLY MODERN SPAIN? THE CASE OF THE PUBLIC MORTGAGE REGISTRY IN MALAGA
Authors: Peña-Mir José Luis 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTNew Institutional Economics treats early modern Spain as an example of a state whose political and contracting institutions hindered economic growth. However, the assumption that Spanish political institutions were predatory in this respect has been called into question. This paper challenges the idea that Spain was unable to develop sufficiently good contracting institutions, of which we know relatively little. Using data from Malaga's notarial credit market, I show that legal institutions facilitated contractual compliance in private financial transactions. Specifically, public mortgage registries, which had improved the registration of properties used as collateral since their creation in 1768, favoured the subscription of larger contracts. Furthermore, results suggest that registries could have contributed to the development of a more impersonal credit market.
MORTGAGES, INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS AND THE BANCO DO BRASIL IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors: Leite Marcondes Renato 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe institutional changes of the mid-19th century made the modernisation of the Brazilian economy possible, as well as that of credit relations. We sought to evaluate the mortgage market before and after the 1864 reform and the institution of the Banco do Brasil's mortgage portfolio in 1867. We found a very comprehensive market throughout the territory in 1855-1859, although concentrated in the main urban centres. The evidence shows the expansion of mortgages after the two measures taken, but at the end of the 19th century this expansion came to an end.
Online Consultation and the Institutionalization of Transparency and Participation in Chinese Policymaking
Authors: Balla Steven J. , Xie Zhoudan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article examines the institutionalization of online consultation, a prominent instrument of governance reform in contemporary China in which government organizations make public draft laws and regulations and solicit input from interested parties prior to finalizing decisions. The article specifically analyses the extent to which online consultation is a durable governance reform that enhances transparency and participation in policymaking. The analysis focuses on the Ministry of Commerce (MOC) and Guangzhou Municipal Government (GMG), leading organizations in the implementation of online consultation. Through the analysis of original datasets consisting of hundreds of policies proposed by the MOC and GMG and thousands of comments submitted in response to these drafts, the article demonstrates that online consultation has institutionalized government transparency but has not consistently enhanced public participation. Although online consultation has the potential to transform policymaking, the evidence suggests that strong confidence in this possibility is not warranted.
Conservation networks: are zoos and aquariums collaborating or competing through partnerships?
Authors: Maynard Lily , McCarty Christopher , Jacobson Susan K , Monroe Martha C 
Published: May 2020

SummaryOrganizations can expand their impact through strategic partnerships. We used social network analysis to compare two network theories in order to determine whether zoos’ conservation partnerships form networks that reflect collaborative social movements or business-style competition. Data from 234 zoos revealed a conservation network involving 1679 organizations with 3018 partnerships. The network had 40 subgroups: 1 large network, 6 small networks and 33 disconnected zoos. Social network analysis metrics revealed an incohesive and low-density network. Zoos are more likely to behave competitively like businesses with limited partnerships to protect resources, rather than behaving as collaborative social movement organizations partnering to further the cause of conservation across their communities. Content analyses of organizational activities revealed that 62% of zoos’ partners display different skills and roles in conservation projects, while 38% participated in the same activities as zoos. These novel findings about zoos behaving as competitive institutions inform opportunities for better collaboration in order to expand organizations’ conservation impact.
Higher-order pattern generalization modulo equational theories
Authors: Cerna David M. , Kutsia Temur 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe consider anti-unification for simply typed lambda terms in theories defined by associativity, commutativity, identity (unit element) axioms and their combinations and develop a sound and complete algorithm which takes two lambda terms and computes their equational generalizations in the form of higher-order patterns. The problem is finitary: the minimal complete set of such generalizations contains finitely many elements. We define the notion of optimal solution and investigate special restrictions of the problem for which the optimal solution can be computed in linear or polynomial time.
The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Outbreak at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City-Riyadh from Emergency Medical Services Perspective
Authors: Alabdali Abdullah , Almakhalas Kharsan , Alhusain Faisal , Albaiz Saad , Almutairi Khalid , Aljerian Nawfal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a form of an infectious respiratory disease, discovered in November 2012 in Saudi Arabia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland) reports, a total of 2,519 laboratory-confirmed cases and 866 MERS-CoV-related deaths were recorded as of March 5, 2016.1 The majority of reported cases originated from Saudi Arabia (2,121 cases). Also, MERS-CoV is believed to be of zoonotic origin and has been linked to camels in the Arabian area.1,2 In this report, the authors discuss the lessons learned from the MERS-CoV outbreak at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City-Riyadh (KAMC-R) from August through September 2015 from the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) perspective. The discussion includes the changes in policies and paramedic’s practice, the training and education in infection control procedures, and the process of transportation of these cases. The authors hope to share their experience in this unique situation and highlight the preparedness and response efforts that took place by the division of EMS during the outbreak.
Hydrothermal Activity in the Southwest Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field
Authors: Hurwitz S. , McCleskey R. B. , Bergfeld D. , Peek S. E. , Susong D. D. , Roth D. A. , Hungerford J. D. G. , White E. B. , Harrison L. N. , Hosseini B. , Vaughan R. G. , Hunt A. G. , Paces J. B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the past two decades, the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service have studied hydrothermal activity across the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field (YPVF) to improve the understanding of the magmatic‐hydrothermal system and to provide a baseline for detecting future anomalous activity. In 2017 and 2018 we sampled water and gas over a large area in the southwest YPVF and used Landsat 8 thermal infrared data to estimate radiative heat flow. Most of the thermal activity in this region is in close proximity to the Yellowstone Caldera boundary. Springs and fumaroles discharge from a variety of lithologies, including some of the youngest rhyolites in the YPVF. Gas compositions and helium isotope ratios of most samples resemble those in other parts of the YPVF. The waters have meteoric origins, and tritium was detected in several samples. Thermal waters from some areas have compositions that plot along a line connecting thermal and nonthermal water endmember compositions. The thermal water endmember equilibrated at 160°C–170°C, lower than waters in Yellowstone's geyser basins. Heat discharged by springs and fumaroles originates from within the Yellowstone Caldera and is transported laterally by advection, mainly along the base of rhyolite flows that cover the inferred caldera boundaries.
Compound Drought and Heatwaves at a Global Scale: The Role of Natural Climate Variability‐Associated Synoptic Patterns and Land‐Surface Energy Budget Anomalies
Authors: Mukherjee Sourav , Ashfaq Moetasim , Mishra Ashok Kumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCompound drought and heatwave (CDHW) events have garnered much attention in recent studies. However, thus far, the identification of such events is oversimplified, and their association with natural climate variability is not fully explored. Here, we derive anomalies in the weekly self‐calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc_PDSI) and daily maximum temperatures to identify CDHW events from 1982 to 2016 over 26 climate regions across the globe. Using a Poisson Generalized Linear Model (GLM), we analyze yearly occurrences of seasonal CDHW events and their association with the warm and cold phases of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). ENSO exhibits robust association with CDHW events over the Southern Hemisphere during the austral summer and fall, while PDO influences their occurrences over the Western North America in the Northern Hemisphere during the boreal summer, which is supported by the composites of anomalies in the atmospheric circulations and surface energy budget. However, NAO association with CDHW events is relatively weak. The CDHW occurrence over other regions is driven by a combination of these large‐scale natural forcing. Our analyses also highlight that the cooccurrence of weekly to submonthly scale anomalies in the observed temperature and precipitation may not be always aligned between the observations and the reanalysis. Therefore, caution must be exercised while explaining such observed anomalies on the basis of reanalysis‐based circulations and surface energy budget. Overall, our analyses provide a new insight towards concurrent extremes and should help foster research efforts in this area.
Long‐Term Observations of Stratosphere‐Troposphere Exchange Using MST Radar and Aura MLS Measurements Over a Tropical Station Gadanki
Authors: Das Siddarth Shankar , Suneeth K. V. , Venkat Ratnam M. , Uma K. N. , Rao M. Durga , Narendra Babu A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the climatology of stratospheric intrusion into the troposphere during the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) observed using the mesosphere‐stratosphere‐troposphere (MST) radar located at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E). The most significant and new observation is the presence of enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 3 dB and half‐power full spectral width of >0.2 m s−1 in the vicinity of tropopause during the ISM. Downdrafts (updrafts) are dominated in the vicinity of tropopause from April to June (July to March). The result of stratospheric air intrusion is also supported with 10 years of ozone measurements obtained from Aura‐Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and 5 years of in situ ozonesonde observations. Detailed analysis shows that the horizontal advection along with turbulence in the vicinity of tropopause caused by the tropical easterly jet and tropopause altitude variability is the prime candidate for stratosphere to troposphere transport of ozone. In contrast, the tropical tropopause temperature plays a significant role in the troposphere to stratosphere transport of water vapor during the ISM. The significance of the present study is to qualitatively constitute the climatology of these exchange processes over Gadanki using Indian MST radar.
Magnetic Fabric and Geochronology of a Cambrian “Isotropic” Pluton in the Neoproterozoic Araçuaí Orogen
Authors: Temporim F. A. , Trindade R. I. F. , Tohver E. , Soares C. C. , Gouvêa L. P. , Egydio‐Silva M. , Amaral C. A. D. , Souza G. F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Araçuaí Orogen (AO) has been interpreted as a Neoproterozoic example of a large, “hot” orogen, based on a broad zone (250 km) of midcrustal metamorphic assemblages with a long, 70‐Myr history of crustal melting and episodic magmatism throughout the late Neoproterozoic and earliest Paleozoic. Here, we present results of U‐Pb sensitive high‐resoution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon dating and detailed anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) study on a late Cambrian, bimodal pluton related to final period of collapse of the AO. New U‐Pb zircon ages constrain the crystallization age of different suites within the Santa Angélica Pluton, 506 ± 3 Ma for the early felsic phase and 498 ± 5 Ma for the mafic core. New AMS data indicate that the emplacement of the Santa Angélica Pluton corresponds to two coupled plutons with concentric structures arrayed about a twin, bull's eye pattern. During the final stages of intrusion, upward relative movement of the northeastern lobe exposed the deeper levels of the intrusion, relative to the more shallowly eroded southwestern lobe. These observations suggest that magma emplacement was controlled by magma buoyancy forces, with little influence of regional tectonic stress. This behavior contrasts with the well‐defined, tectonic‐controlled fabrics of coeval plutons occurring to the north which was still hot, therefore highlighting the contrasting thermal evolution between different sectors of the orogen during its final stages.
Juno In Situ Observations Above the Jovian Equatorial Ionosphere
Authors: Valek P. W. , Bagenal F. , Ebert R. W. , Allegrini F. , McComas D. J. , Szalay J. R. , Wilson R. J. , Bolton S. J. , Connerney J. E. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe arrival of Juno at Jupiter enables repeated in situ observations above the Jovian ionosphere. The low altitude and high velocity of Juno at perijove permits direct sampling of ionospheric ion populations. We present the first direct observations above the ionosphere made by the Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment Ion sensor (JADE‐I). When looking into the spacecraft ram direction, JADE‐I can measure ion energy distributions to below 1 eV/q along with ion composition. We report observations from 17 Juno perijove passes. At these latitudes, the low energy ions consist of protons and heavier ions, protons being the dominant species. Heavy ions—primarily oxygen and sulfur likely originating from the magnetosphere—are seen each pass, but their intensity varies. Other trace light ions are observed during some of the perijoves: H3+ (6 of 17 perijoves), He+ (2 of 17 perijoves). Ionospheric ions are observed up to altitudes of ~7,000 km.
Geography and Morphology Affect the Ice Duration Dynamics of Northern Hemisphere Lakes Worldwide
Authors: Warne Connor P. K. , McCann Kevin S. , Rooney Neil , Cazelles Kevin , Guzzo Matthew M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClimate change continues to diminish ice cover duration for Northern Hemisphere lakes. However, the differential loss of lake ice duration for various types of lakes across the globe is not well established. In this study, we used time series of ice duration data (average length = 51 years) for 220 globally distributed Northern Hemisphere lakes to determine how local climate trends, geographical location, and physical properties of lakes affect their ice cover trends. Ice duration dynamics were influenced by surface air temperature trends, lake geography, and morphology. Deeper lakes, located at lower elevations, western longitudes, and lower latitudes, experienced the greatest reductions in ice cover over their time series. These results indicate that despite widespread patterns of warming, the individual features of lakes can determine how rapidly they are losing ice cover and may prove informative for future modeling and conservation efforts.