bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer in a Laminar, Submerged, Slot Jet Impinging on an Oscillating Wall
Authors: Ragunathan Srivathsan , Goering Douglas J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Numerical simulation results of flow and heat transfer resulting from a confined, submerged liquid jet impinging on a planar oscillating surface are presented here. Laminar jets are employed in places where space and pumping capacity constraints exist (for example, in electronics cooling). However, in a laminar single jet, the cooled region due to the jet is small and is concentrated in the stagnation zone. One way to potentially enhance the heat transfer in a laminar jet impingement arrangement is by oscillating the heated impingement surface. This work extends the previous fluid dynamics analysis (by the same author) by a description and quantification heat transfer in such an arrangement. The problem is studied with respect to two parameters governing jet impingement :Jet Reynolds Number, distance from the jet inlet to the impinging wall (z/d ratios) and a parameter characterizing oscillation : the oscillatory peak Reynolds Number. OpenFOAM (foam-extend 3.2), an open-source CFD code based on the finite volume method is used to solve the problem. Quantification of discretization uncertainty is done by employing the Grid Convergence Index Method (GCI). The transport of the vortex structures formed due to the confined arrangement of the jets and due to the oscillation of the target wall has a strong influence on the temperature distribution on the target surface. The enhancement in heat transfer is estimated as a ratio of the Nusselt Numbers cases with oscillation to corresponding cases without oscillation. It is shown that the heat transfer enhancement is a strong function of the jet and the oscillatory parameters considered.
Experimental Study of Brine Droplet Evaporation and Crystallization at Various Temperatures and Humidity Using EDB Method and Pendant Droplet Method
Authors: Qu Jie , Escobar Luis , Rao Zhonghao , Xu Ben 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this study, both electro-dynamic balance (EDB) method and pendant droplet method were employed to study the evaporation and crystallization process of brine droplet. The EDB setup was used to levitate the charged micrometer sized droplets to study the evaporation process. The pendant droplet method could hang millimeter sized droplet to study the crystallization process. The evaporation of brine droplets with different mass concentrations was visualized by a high speed camera under different temperatures and relative humidity in the test chamber. The results showed that EDB method could get the accurate droplet evaporation results which obeyed the classic D2-law. It was found that the evaporation was increased with the decrease of relative humidity. Due to the attractive force provided by sodium and chloride ion on water molecules, evaporation rate of brine droplet was smaller than pure water, therefore the evaporation rate decreased with the increase of mass concentration by showing a linear relationship. In addition, a salt shell could be formed at the outside of droplet which still contained some amount of salt solution inside. Consequently, the water molecules need to overcome the pressure difference inside and outside the salt shell, and diffuse through the shell for further evaporation. For a higher relative humidity, a more round shell would be formed during the evaporation, and the growth of crystallization along the filament is weaker than that of smaller relative humidity. We hope this study can provide a different perspective to the heat transfer community about the evaporation of brine droplet.
Theoretical Modeling of Thermal Transients in a PCM Substrate During Drop Impact
Authors: Quon Andrew , Khan Abdul Ahad , Dhillon Navdeep Singh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The physics of transient behavior of liquid drops impacting hot and cold surfaces is of significance in many different applications such as spray cooling, condensation and aircraft icing, and analogous to the process of bubble formation and departure in boiling. The resulting local thermal transients in these processes are primarily dictated by passive parameters such as substrate and liquid thermal properties and flow conditions. We are exploring the use of a surface-embedded phase change material (PCM) to actively manipulate these thermal transients as a means to enhance overall heat transfer performance. The thermal effect of the embedded PCM can be parametrically studied using controlled drop impact experiments. In this work, we perform an analytical and numerical study to model the effect of a liquid drop impacting a hot PCM-embedded substrate. By solving an analytical heat transfer solidification problem, we study the effect of PCM properties and PCM initial temperature on the thermal transients encountered during drop impact. Further, we validate the numerical analysis by showing agreement with experimental results.
Effect of a High Electric Field on the Thermal and Phase Change Characteristics of an Impacting Drop
Authors: Basavanna Abhishek , Khapekar Prajakta , Dhillon Navdeep Singh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The effect of applied electric fields on the behavior of liquids and their interaction with solid surfaces has been a topic of active interest for many decades. This has important implications in phase change heat transfer processes such as evaporation, boiling, and condensation. Although the effect of low to moderate voltages has been studied, there is a need to explore the interaction of high electric fields with liquid drops and bubbles, and their effect on heat transfer and phase change. In this study, we employ a high speed optical camera to study the dynamics of a liquid drop impacting a hot substrate under the application of high electric fields. Experimental results indicate a significant change in the pre- and post-impact behavior of the drop. Prior to impact, the applied electric field elongates the drop in the direction of the electric field. Post-impact, the recoil phase of the drop is significantly affected by charging effects. Further, a significant amount of micro-droplet ejection is observed with an increase in the applied voltage.
Heat and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Vapor Permeation in Sweeping Gas Membrane Distillation Systems for Sea Water Desalination
Authors: Alqsair Umar F. , Alwatban Anas M. , Alghafis Abdullah A. , Alshwairekh Ahmed M. , Oztekin Alparslan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted to study the performance of the sweeping gas membrane distillation module (SGMD) for seawater desalination process. The main objective of this work is to study the effect of membrane properties on the membrane flux performance and temperature and concentration polarization characteristics of the module. CFD simulations are conducted in a three-dimensional module to characterize the steady-state velocity, temperature and concentration field in the feed and permeate channel. The Reynolds number for the feed and the permeate stream are set to 900 and 2000, and thus the laminar flow model is adapted for each channel. The effects of the porosity and the membrane thickness are varied while the pore size is fixed for the parametric study. It is revealed that the membrane thickness has a profound influence while the membrane porosity has a slight influence on the SGMD performance. We observed a high level of temperature polarization within the module, which adversely affects the system performance. Remedies for mitigating temperature polarization should be considered for future studies.
Simulations of Film Cooling Flow Structure and Heat Transfer in the Near Field of Cooling Jets With a Modified DES Model
Authors: Yu Feiyan , Yavuzkurt Savas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Simulations of film cooling in the near field (x/D &lt; 15) of coolant jets on a flat plate are carried out with detached eddy simulation (DES) and modified DES models. The time-averaged unsteady film cooling effectiveness is compared with experimental data. Both models use two-layer zonal model for near-wall treatment. The near field critical turbulent flow behaviors such as mainstream entrainment, spanwise spreading of counter rotating vortex pair (CRVP), and vortical structure evolutions are predicted and analyzed by DES and modified DES in this study. Modified DES model differs from the DES by implementing an increased eddy viscosity in the spanwise direction to enhance spanwise-diffusion of film cooling jets. Detailed comparisons of DES and modified DES modeling results are made under density ratios of 2.0, 1.6, 1.2 and blowing ratio of 1.0 for a single hole. Modified DES model predicts a wider spanwise spreading of temperature field and film cooling effectiveness. In a comparison of spanwise-averaged film cooling effectiveness with experimental data, DES and modified DES models predict 14.8% and 10.4% deviations under density ratio of 2.0. For density ratio of 1.2, the DES and modified DES results deviate from data 24.5% and 14.7% respectively. Then simulation of film cooling with a three hole domain is also carried out. Instantaneous effectiveness results show that the jets from nearby film cooling holes start to interact with each other before x/D &lt; 10. When the interactions of flow from film cooling holes next to each other are strong, simulations using several cooling holes are meaningful and the current study shows the difference of multi hole and single hole simulations.
Suspected anaphylaxis after intravenous administration of cefuroxime (Zinacef) in two dogs, with descriptions of arterial blood gas abnormalities over time
Authors: Leigh Hannah , Harðardottir Hulda , Schöffmann Gudrun , Panti Ambra 
Published: December 2019

Two cases of suspected anaphylaxis occurred in the authors’ hospital within two weeks of each other. The first, a six‐year‐and‐four‐month‐old border collie, presented for thoracic wall resection. Once anaesthetised, 20 mg/kg of intravenous cefuroxime (Zinacef 75 mg/ml, GlaxoSmithKline UK) was administered slowly for prophylactic antibiosis. Ten minutes after administration was completed,desaturation occurred alongside tachycardia, hypotension and apnoea. Chest compliance was extremely poor, with minimal chest movement. Treatment included intermittent positive pressure ventilation, intravenous fluids, terbutaline, adrenaline and dexamethasone. The second case, a five‐year‐and‐eight‐month‐old Lhasa apso, presented for elective orthopaedic surgery. Intravenous cefuroxime (Zinacef 75 mg/ml) was again administered slowly for prophylactic antibiosis; however, it is uncertain whether the patient received the full dose of 20 mg/kg. Mid‐administration tachycardia, tachypnoea and hypotension occurred,alongside poor chest compliance. Cefuroxime administration was stopped, the fluid line disconnected and treatment with chlorphenamine given.
Inhibition of Tryptophan-Dioxygenase Activity Increases the Antitumor Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Schramme Florence , Crosignani Stefano , Frederix Kim , Hoffmann Delia , Pilotte Luc , Stroobant Vincent , Preillon Julie , Driessens Gregory , Van den Eynde Benoit J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is an enzyme that degrades tryptophan into kynurenine and thereby induces immunosuppression. Like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), TDO is considered as a relevant drug target to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, its role in various immunotherapy settings has not been fully characterized. Here, we described a new small-molecule inhibitor of TDO that can modulate kynurenine and tryptophan in plasma, liver, and tumor tissue upon oral administration. We showed that this compound improved the ability of anti-CTLA4 to induce rejection of CT26 tumors expressing TDO. To better characterize TDO as a therapeutic target, we used TDO-KO mice and found that anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 induced rejection of MC38 tumors in TDO-KO, but not in wild-type mice. As MC38 tumors did not express TDO, we related this result to the high systemic tryptophan levels in TDO-KO mice, which lack the hepatic TDO needed to contain blood tryptophan. The antitumor effectiveness of anti-PD1 was abolished in TDO-KO mice fed on a tryptophan-low diet that normalized their blood tryptophan level. MC38 tumors expressed IDO1, which could have limited the efficacy of anti-PD1 in wild-type mice and could have been overcome in TDO-KO mice due to the high levels of tryptophan. Accordingly, treatment of mice with an IDO1 inhibitor improved the efficacy of anti-PD1 in wild-type, but not in TDO-KO, mice. These results support the clinical development of TDO inhibitors to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy of TDO-expressing tumors and suggest their effectiveness even in the absence of tumoral TDO expression.
See article by Hoffmann et al., p. 19
White Matter Hyperintensity Volume Influences Symptoms in Patients Presenting With Minor Neurological Deficits
Authors: Zerna Charlotte , Yu Amy Y.X. , Hong Zachary M. , Penn Andrew M. , Lesperance Mary L. , Croteau Nicole S. , Balshaw Robert F. , Votova Kristine , Bibok Maximilian B. , Saly Viera , Modi Jayesh , Hegedus Janka , Klourfeld Evgenia , Coutts Shelagh B. ,   on behalf of the SpecTRA Study Group
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—
Acute minor neurological deficits are a common complaint in the emergency department and differentiation of transient ischemic attack/minor stroke from a stroke mimic is difficult. We sought to assess the ability of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume to aid the diagnosis in such patients.

Methods—
This is a post hoc analysis of the previously published SpecTRA study (Spectrometry in TIA Rapid Assessment) of adult patients that presented to the emergency department with acute minor neurological deficits between December 2013 and March 2017. WMH volumes were measured if fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging was available. Outcomes of interest were final diagnosis, symptoms at presentation, and 90-day stroke recurrence.

Results—

WMH volume was available for 1485 patients. Median age was 70 years (interquartile range, 59–80), and 46.7% were female. Mean WMH volume was higher in transient ischemic attack/minor strokes compared with stroke mimics (1.71 ln mL [95% CI, 1.63–1.79 ln mL] versus 1.15 ln mL [95% CI, 1.02–1.27 ln mL],
P
<0.001). In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis, WMH volume was not associated with final diagnosis. However, the combination of both diffusion-weighted imaging positivity and high WMH volume led to lower odds of focal symptoms at presentation (
P
=0.035).

Conclusions—
The combination of diffusion-weighted imaging positivity and high WMH volume was associated with lower odds of focal symptoms at presentation in patients seen with minor neurological deficits in the emergency department. This suggests that WMH volume might be an important consideration and the absence of focal symptoms at presentation should not discourage clinicians from further investigating patients with suspected cerebral ischemia.
Stabreimende Wortpaare in Wolframs „Parzival“ im Umfeld vor allem frühmittelhochdeutscher Rhetorik
Authors: Jeep John M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article researches alliterating word-pairs in Wolframs ‘Parzival’. First, all examples from the text are collected and analyzed to elucidate their occurrence in the Old and Middle High German context. It becomes clear which word-pairs have been inherited from Old and (Early) Middle High German, and which were possibly the making of Wolfram himself. In doing so, the inventory of alliterating word-pairs in the early language phases of German is expanded with a few more specimens. We also gain a deeper understanding of their role in the Middle High German courtly novel.
Zu den Verbformen in den althochdeutschen Glossen des Trierer Seminarkodex
Authors: Quak Arend 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The vernacular glosses in the manuscript Trier, Seminarbibliothek 61, are
considered to be mainly Old Middle Franconian in the scientific literature. They
are, however, mixed with Low German words, that are considered to be Old Saxon.
With the help of the verb forms in these glosses this article tries to make
probable that at least some of these Low German glosses are more likely to be
Old Low Franconian than Old Saxon. At the same time it becomes clear that in the
dictionaries the difference between weak ēn- and
ōn-verbs in a number of cases is wrong or at least
doubtful.
Productivity Dynamics and Rural Industrialization in India
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Aggarwal Aradhna 
Published: December 2019

Since the late 1990s, industrialization in India has been driven by the rural organized manufacturing sector. This paper examines the effects of firms’ dynamics on rural industrialization in India, using plant-level panel data, to investigate the characteristics of rural industrialization in India in recent years. In particular, the paper focuses on productivity differences among continuing, entering, and exiting firms. The results show that both labour and total factor productivity of the organized manufacturing sector in rural areas increased during 2000–2006 and the aggregate productivity growth is supported by the productivity growth of the continuing firms, the entry of productive firms, and the exit of less-productive firms. The paper can conclude that firms’ productivity dynamics contributed to the current rural industrialization in India. JEL: O14, O47, O53
Role of intermittent pneumatic compression in the treatment of breast cancer–related lymphoedema: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tastaban Engin , Soyder Aykut , Aydin Elif , Sendur Omer Faruk , Turan Yasemin , Ture Mevlut , Bilgen Mehmet 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To evaluate the role of intermittent pneumatic compression in the treatment of breast cancer–related lymphoedema. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic at a university hospital. Subjects: Seventy-six patients with lymphoedema. Interventions: Patients were allocated into Group 1 (complex decongestive treatment, n = 38) and Group 2 (complex decongestive treatment + intermittent pneumatic compression, n = 38). The complex decongestive treatment involved skin care, manual lymphatic drainage, compression bandaging, and exercise for 20 sessions. Group 2 additionally received intermittent pneumatic compression. Main measures: Quantitative outcomes consisted of volumetric measures prior to and after the treatment. Clinical assessments included severity of pain, heaviness and tightness, disability, grip strength, and depression. Results: Lymphoedema was similar at baseline, but treatments significantly reduced the excess volume (from 373 mL to 203 mL in Group 1 and 379.5 mL to 189.5 mL in Group 2). Percentage excess volumes (PEVs) decreased in both groups. The percentage reduction of excess volume was better in Group 2 than Group 1, but the intergroup difference was not significant. The clinical scores reflected improvements, but the heaviness and tightness read significantly lower in Group 2 than Group 1. Conclusion: Intermittent pneumatic compression seems to add no benefit when combined with complex decongestive treatment of lymphoedema, but, may be functional in reducing the sensations of heaviness and tightness for the patients with pitting oedema.
Comparison of submillisievert CT with standard-dose CT for urolithiasis
Authors: Shim Young Sup , Park So Hyun , Choi Seung Joon , Ahn Su Joa , Pak Seong Yong , Jung Han , Park Seong Ho 
Published: December 2019

Background Patients with renal stones receive multiple computed tomography (CT) examinations. We investigated whether submillisievert (sub-mSv) CT for stone detection could reduce radiation dose at exposure levels comparable to kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) radiography. Purpose To evaluate the radiation dose exposure, diagnostic performance, and image quality of sub-mSv non-contrast CT using advanced modelled iterative reconstruction algorithm with spectral filtration for the detection of urolithiasis. Material and Methods A total of 145 consecutive patients underwent non-contrast CT using a third-generation dual-source scanner to obtain two datasets, i.e. 16.7% (sub-mSv CT, tube detector A) and 100% (standard-dose CT, combination of tube detector A and B) tube loads with spectral filtration. The performance of sub-mSv CT for the detection of stones was analyzed by two readers and compared with that of standard-dose CT. Image quality was measured subjectively and objectively. Results In total, 171 stones were detected in 79 patients. The mean effective radiation doses of sub-mSv CT was 0.3 mSv. The sensitivity and specificity values for diagnosis of stones measuring ≥3 mm was 95.1% and 100% for sub-mSv CT. The sensitivity and specificity for all stone detection was 74.9% and 97.8%, respectivey, for sub-mSv CT. The image quality was lower for sub-mSv CT than for standard-dose CT ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Sub-mSv CT can be achieved with radiation doses close to KUB radiography. Sub-mSv CT with spectral filtration can be used to detect stones measuring ≥3 mm and be used as a follow-up imaging modality as an alternative to KUB radiography.
AND score: a simple tool for predicting infection in acute ischemic stroke patients without a ventilator in the Chinese population
Authors: Li Jiaoxing , Wang Yufang , Sun Xunsha , Lin Jing , Lai Rong , Liang Jie , Wu Xiaoxin , Sheng Wenli 
Published: December 2019

Objective We aimed to develop a simple and user-friendly scoring system to predict all-cause hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the Chinese population. Methods AIS patients from a retrospective cohort study at our center were included from January 2016 to December 2018. HAIs were diagnosed based on the current criteria from Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. Stepwise logistic regression models were performed to screen independent predictors of HAI after AIS. A scoring system was developed by including each of the above significant predictors. Results Among 1211 patients, 76 patients (6.28%) developed HAI. Age, baseline National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score, and dysphagia were independent predictors of HAI. For the AND score, A refers to age, N refers to NIHSS, and D refers to dysphagia. The AND score showed a high area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve (0.679), which comprised age (65–74 years was 4 points, 75–84 years was 6 points, ≥85 years was 8 points), NIHSS score ≥10 (5 points), and dysphagia (6 points). Conclusions We developed a simple scoring system to predict all-cause infections after AIS patients without a ventilator in the Chinese population.