bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cuidado de recém-nascidos por mães adolescentes primíparas no domicílio
Authors: Silva Mayane Trindade , Morais Aisiane Cedraz , Araújo Jairo Caique , Morais Ariane Cedraz , Souza Sinara Lima , Nascimento Ana Silva Celi Torres 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: compreender a forma de cuidado das mães adolescentes primíparas aos seus filhos recém-nascidos no domicílio. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado no município de Feira de Santana - Bahia, tendo como participantes sete adolescentes primíparas. A coleta de dados aconteceu de setembro a novembro de 2018, os quais foram analisados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultado: evidenciaram que a rotina do cuidar do filho recém-nascido baseia-se nos cuidados relacionado à higiene, alimentação, sono e repouso; possuindo interferência direta da cultura. Além disso, identificou-se que as adolescentes recebem apoio de membros da família para cuidar do recém-nascido e deparam-se com dificuldades associadas ao cuidado diário. Conclusão: as mães se demonstraram zelosas e dedicadas, suprindo as necessidades básicas do recém-nascido com competência, contanto com o auxílio de pessoas que compõe suas redes de suporte social.
A resiliência do enfermeiro no cuidado à criança que vivencia a terminalidade
Authors: Andrade Bruna Raiane Viana , Cunha Juliana Xavier Pinheiro da , Biondo Chrisne Santana 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: investigar a resiliência de enfermeiros no cuidado à criança que vivencia a terminalidade na terapia intensiva. Método: estudo qualitativo, com 12 enfermeiras das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica e Neonatal de dois hospitais no interior da Bahia. A coleta de dados ocorreu em abril e maio de 2019, utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada, analisada mediante Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: evidenciou-se a dificuldade das enfermeiras em lidar com a terminalidade infantil, referindo angústia e impotência, mais intensamente àquelas que são mães. A empatia e a espiritualidade se mostraram importantes no cuidado à criança terminal e no desenvolvimento da resiliência. Conclusão: faz-se necessário que a finitude seja enfrentada como curso natural da vida. Assim, deve-se ampliar estudos sobre a temática e que as instituições de ensino e laborais invistam em discussões sobre a terminalidade, para que as enfermeiras desenvolvam mecanismos de enfrentamento e de construção da resiliência no cuidado à criança.
Participation of Azerbaijan in the Environmental Activities of the UNEP, the Council of Europe and the CIS
Authors: Adel Ilsijarovich Abdoulin , Parviz Arif Ogli Gasanov , Galina Georgievna Shinkaretskaia , Ksenia Borisovna Valiullina 
Published: November 2020

Ecosystems of the Azerbaijan Republic have a lot of unique characteristics that demand the special focus in the context of the environmental protection. Taking into account their importance, it is necessary to apply whole potential of international cooperation including institutional dimension. The purpose of the article is to describe the characteristics of the participation of the Azerbaijan Republic in the activities of the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), the Council of Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) on the protection of environment. As the basic method of research, the author proposes the method of legal comparison. The generalization of the results of the cooperation of the Azerbaijan Republic allows to define the respective traits of interaction with every international organization from the abovementioned list. They are determined by the purposes, functions, opportunities and mechanisms of interaction in every respective case. For example, the Azerbaijan Republic focuses its attention on development and improvement of the environmental management mechanism and resilience to natural and human-induced hazards. At the same time, the environmental cooperation of the Azerbaijan Republic and the Council of Europe is based on the participation in the regional conventional mechanisms and formation of the necessary conditions for the realization of the environmental rights of humans, including the activity of the European Court of Human Rights. Additionally, based on the examples of cooperation of the Azerbaijan Republic with the UNEP, the Council of Europe and the CIS, the author reveals the presence of dynamic, complex and systemic approach to cooperation with the aforementioned international organizations.
The global, comprehensive nature of the environmental challenges facing the world community contributes to the formation of a new worldview and practice of international economic interaction between the participants of the world economy, based on the support of the strong States to the weak in ensuring the most important, generally significant tasks of the economy and the environment.
Perceived Stress of Podiatric Medical Students
Authors: Foote Courtney M. , Hatzinger Shelby J. , Sansosti Laura E. , Meyr Andrew J. 
Published: November 2020

Background
The primary objective of this investigation was to objectify perceived stresses of students enrolled at a US college of podiatric medicine.

Methods
Following preliminary pilot data collection and representative student interviews, the Perceived Stress Scale and a newly developed survey consisting of 46 potential stresses were administered to students. Participants were asked to identify up to ten items from the survey that caused them the most stress and to further identify up to three of these ten that they considered to be the most stressful.

Results
A response rate of 71.5% (261 of 365) was observed. Specific results demonstrate that levels of perceived stress in podiatric medical students are higher than those in the general population, as well as some potential trends with respect to specific perceived stresses that change over time.

Conclusions
The results of this investigation provide quantitative evidence of perceived levels of stress and specific stresses of students enrolled at a US college of podiatric medicine. We hope that these findings increase awareness of stress in podiatric medicine, lead to colleges of podiatric medicine taking active steps to improve student stress education, and lead to future investigations of stress and mental health in the field of podiatric medicine.
Perceptions of the Podiatric Medicine Profession: A Survey of Medical Students in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Authors: Miner Samantha A. , Vlahovic Tracey C. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Medical students (MSs) in allopathic and osteopathic medical programs may not be adequately exposed to the role of podiatric physicians and surgeons in health care. We explored perceptions of the specialty field of podiatric medicine from the perspective of MSs in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, area.

Methods
In this cross-sectional survey study, responses regarding podiatric education and scope of practice were collected via a 16-question, self-reported, anonymous online survey distributed to MSs at one osteopathic and three allopathic medical schools in the Philadelphia area. Inferences and conclusions were drawn from the percentages of respondents. Statistical analyses for school of attendance, year of study, and physician relative subgroups were performed.

Results
The 129 survey responses obtained revealed misunderstandings regarding podiatric education and training. Only 45.7% correctly answered that podiatric medical students do not take the United States Medical Licensing Examination. The results also showed the perception of podiatry in a positive light, with approximately 80% of respondents agreeing that the term doctor is applicable when referring to a podiatrist. Respondents with a physician relative were more likely to rate podiatry's role in health care higher on a scale from 0 (inessential) to 5 (equivalent to MDs/DOs) than those without a physician relative.

Conclusions
The results of this preliminary survey were generally positive and optimistic while also identifying some misconceptions regarding MS perceptions of podiatric medical training and scope of practice. Further studies are needed to evaluate perceptions of podiatry from the perspective of other members of the health-care team to improve interprofessional relations and understanding.
Modelling the factors influencing Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) occurrence in the wet eucalypt forests of south-eastern Australia
Authors: Sotorra S. , Blair D. , Blanchard W. , Lindenmayer D. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Many invasive species have had negative effects on the Australian environment, including the introduced Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor). However, there is a paucity of information on the factors influencing the fine scale distribution and abundance patterns of Sambar Deer in south-eastern Australia. We present the results of a field survey of Sambar Deer in the Critically Endangered Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the Central Highlands, Victoria. Our key question was: What factors influence detections of Sambar deer (based on scat counts) within the Mountain Ash forests of the Victorian Central Highlands? We surveyed 86 long-term field sites and detected a total of 245 groups of Sambar Deer pellets on 42% of these sites. Negative binomial regression modelling identified three factors associated with the occurrence of deer pellets. We recorded more pellets: (1) in 30 and 80 year old forest that remained unburned in fires that occurred in 2009, (2) on sites within closed National Parks relative to sites in State Forest, and (3) close to streams.
Imperative of Adopting Integrated Reporting by Quoted Companies in a Volatile Global Economy: Nigeria in Perspective
Authors: Chukwu Gospel J. , Monday Osirim , Wadike George C. 
Published: November 2020

Integrated reporting (IR) is an emerging field of corporate reporting devised for corporate entities to ensure sustainable value creation in the short, medium and long term. The major thrust of this paper therefore was to determine the extent of the adoption of integrated reporting principles and practices as contained in the framework by quoted firms in Nigeria. Due to paucity of data from reporting entities on the implementation of integrated reporting, a documentary combined with descriptive research approach was adopted. Sample size was determined using the purposive random sampling method, which led to the selection of one (1) critical company from each sector making a total of twelve (12) companies quoted in the Nigerian Stock Exchange. This study will provide a new and deep introspection for companies intending preparing and presenting integrated reports and those already doing so. The result of the tested hypothesis shows a significant f-value of .65 (P-value = .089 > .05); thus leading to the acceptance of the null hypothesis. This indicates that there is no significant evidence of integrating reporting adoption and practice by quoted companies in Nigeria. This result is due possibly to the recency of integrated reporting disclosures and the lack of legislative framework to support it in Nigeria. Predicated on the result, it was recommended that companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange should be enlightened and motivated to adopt the integrated reporting principles and practices as this will promote the accountability and transparency framework of the firms. In addition, the full adoption of integrated reporting frameworks should be made one of the key requirements for companies to be listed on the Stock Exchange.
Understanding the Nutritional Status of Farming Community in Rural Areas of India: An Empirical Interpretation with Policy Implication from Socio-Economic and Gender Perspective
Authors: Ghoshal Swagata , Haque Monirul , Mondal Kabita , Sikdar Samrat , Acharya S. K. 
Published: November 2020

Aims: In this empirical study an attempt is made to examine the relative importance of some socio-economic and demographic variables that affect the nutrition of farming community. This empirical study has been carried out for farmers and farm women separately and also for both combined to understand both ecological and gender dimensions. The major objective of the study is to conduct a series of participatory exercises to generate a micro level response data, which are primary in nature under the canopy of the title.
Study Design: The locale was selected by purposive sampling technique and the respondents were selected by the simple random sampling method.
Place of Study: Four gram panchayats namely Sihar, Deshra Koalpara, Lowgram and Kotulpur of the Kotulpur block of Bankura district in West Bengal were purposively selected for the study.
Methodology: In this study 50 farmers and 50 farm women have been interacted and are selected by the simple random sampling method. A preliminary interview schedule has been administered to understand the knowledge, perception and attitude of the people towards nutritional concept, communication and extension system, malnutrition. The gathered data had been put into multivariate analysis. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V20.0 (SPSS) of IBM was used for analyzing the correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, step-down regression analysis, path analysis, canonical covariate analysis and artificial neural network analysis.
Results: Several independent variables like age (x1), functional literacy (x2), family size (x4), no of farm activities (x5), working hour per day (x6), distance of work place from residence (x7), wages received (x8), duration of employment (x9), per capita income (x12), per capita expenditure (x13), deviation of blood pressure (x15), pulse rate (x16), dizziness (x17) and status of drinking water (x18) have been identified as strongest determinants to characterize output variable nutrition (y).
Conclusion: The present study has uniquely landed on the value of some important empirical revelation. It can be concluded that farmers, having low income, are suffering from malnutrition most due to low calorie intake. Ensuring pure drinking water for all in rural areas is still a distant dream. A lot of farm women are suffering from dizziness and anemia due to lack of balanced diet. Malnutrition is still prevalent at significant levels especially in rural areas and the most vulnerable are children, women and elderly especially of lower income groups.
Roles and Challenges of Traditional Birth Attendants in Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Nigeria - A Brief Review
Authors: Chizoba A. F. , Chineke H. N. , Adogu P. O. U. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: About 65% of deliveries in Nigeria (including HIV infected women) take place in settings like traditional birth attendants (TBAs). Though TBA involvement in PMTCT has some challenges, their success stories of increased HIV counseling and testing (HCT) uptake among pregnant women remains a reason for training, supervising and successfully integrating them into formal health centres and to reach the PMTCT target population. This is a brief review of roles and challenges of traditional birth attendants in Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV in Nigeria.
Methods: Keywords from objectives of review are MTCT, PMTCT and TBA which were used to search for related literatures through online libraries like national and international journals example medline and pubmed including google. About 62 related literatures/studies were initially generated and then narrowed down to 21 literatures which were selected because they met the inclusion criteria of less than 10 years and related to objective of review.
Findings: Because 65% of deliveries take place at non-formal settings like TBAs, they are being trained/engaged mainly by NGOs to be involved in PMTCT. Major success stories include; improved PMTCT knowledge and practices after training (p = 0.01) and increased HCT uptake at the TBAs (p = 0.001). Major challenges include low education level, reluctance to refer HIV positive patients in absence of incentives, poor reporting mechanism and poor-quality assessment/supervisions. National plans on accelerated PMTCT and elimination of MTCT currently advices that TBAs be integrated into formal health centres to further reach target population and cover the PMTCT gap in Nigeria.
Conclusion: TBAs have the potential of bridging the gap between formal PMTCT delivery points and the cultural communities where majority of the target population-pregnant women- live. Though challenges of TBA involvement are visible, support for training/retaining and quality assessment/supervision among TBAs could be the answer to the challenges of reaching the PMTCT target group and reaching the PMTCT target in Nigeria.
Large‐Size Ultrathin α‐Ga2S3 Nanosheets toward High‐Performance Photodetection
Authors: Zheng Yulin , Tang Xin , Wang Wenliang , Jin Ling , Li Guoqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFollowing the extensive researches of graphene, 2D layered semiconductors have attracted widespread attention for their intriguing physical properties. 2D α‐Ga2S3 as an important member of group IIIA–VIA semiconductors has outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, the controllable large‐size synthesis of ultrathin α‐Ga2S3 nanosheets still remains a huge challenge. In this paper, a large‐size ultrathin nanosheets of hexagonal Ga2S3 is prepared via an improved chemical vapor deposition method. High‐performance photodetectors based on the ultrathin Ga2S3 nanosheets is demonstrated. The device shows a high photosensitivity/detectivity (9.2 A W−1/1.4 × 1012 Jones) and a fast response time (rise/fall time of <4/3 ms), respectively. Strikingly, wearable flexible photodetectors based on Ga2S3 nanosheets are fabricated accordingly and demonstrate great response performance and stability. This work provides a new direction for 2D semiconductors to apply in next‐generation nanoscale smart optoelectronics.
Antibacterial Action of Nanoparticles by Lethal Stretching of Bacterial Cell Membranes
Authors: Linklater Denver P. , Baulin Vladimir A. , Le Guével Xavier , Fleury Jean‐Baptiste , Hanssen Eric , Nguyen The Hong Phong , Juodkazis Saulius , Bryant Gary , Crawford Russell J. , Stoodley Paul , Ivanova Elena P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is commonly accepted that nanoparticles (NPs) can kill bacteria; however, the mechanism of antimicrobial action remains obscure for large NPs that cannot translocate the bacterial cell wall. It is demonstrated that the increase in membrane tension caused by the adsorption of NPs is responsible for mechanical deformation, leading to cell rupture and death. A biophysical model of the NP–membrane interactions is presented which suggests that adsorbed NPs cause membrane stretching and squeezing. This general phenomenon is demonstrated experimentally using both model membranes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, representing Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic quasi‐spherical and star‐shaped gold (Au)NPs are synthesized to explore the antibacterial mechanism of non‐translocating AuNPs. Direct observation of nanoparticle‐induced membrane tension and squeezing is demonstrated using a custom‐designed microfluidic device, which relieves contraction of the model membrane surface area and eventual lipid bilayer collapse. Quasi‐spherical nanoparticles exhibit a greater bactericidal action due to a higher interactive affinity, resulting in greater membrane stretching and rupturing, corroborating the theoretical model. Electron microscopy techniques are used to characterize the NP–bacterial‐membrane interactions. This combination of experimental and theoretical results confirm the proposed mechanism of membrane‐tension‐induced (mechanical) killing of bacterial cells by non‐translocating NPs.
Cooperative Catalysis toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction under Dual Coordination Environments on Intrinsic AMnO3‐Type Perovskites via Regulating Stacking Configurations of Coordination Units
Authors: Zhao Chunning , Zhang Xilin , Yu Meng , Wang Ansheng , Wang Linxia , Xue Lina , Liu Jieyu , Yang Zongxian , Wang Weichao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt remains challenging for pure‐phase catalysts to achieve high performance during the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction to overcome the sluggish kinetics without the assistance of extrinsic conditions. Herein, a series of pristine perovskites, i.e., AMnO3 (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba), are proposed with various octahedron stacking configurations to demonstrate the cooperative catalysis over SrMnO3 jointly explored by experiments and first‐principles calculations. Comparing with the unitary stacking of coordination units in CaMnO3 or BaMnO3, the intrinsic SrMnO3 with a mixture of corner‐sharing and face‐sharing octahedron stacking configurations demonstrates superior activity (Ehalf‐wave = 0.81 V), and charge–discharge stability over 400 h without the voltage gap (≈0.8 V) increasing in zinc–air batteries. The theoretical study reveals that, on the SrMnO3(110) surface, the active sites switch from coordinatively unsaturated atop Mn (*OO, *OOH) to Mn–Mn bridge (*O, *OH). Therefore, the intrinsic dual coordination environments of Mn–Ocorner and Mn–Oface enable cooperative modulation of the interaction strength of the oxygen intermediates with the surface, inducing the decrease of the *OH desorption energy (rate‐limiting step) unrestricted by scaling relationships with the overpotential of ≈0.28 V. This finding provides insights into catalyst design through screening intrinsic structures with multiple coordination unit stacking configurations.
Approaches for Long Lifetime Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sudheendran Swayamprabha Sujith , Dubey Deepak Kumar , Shahnawaz  , Yadav Rohit Ashok Kumar , Nagar Mangey Ram , Sharma Aayushi , Tung Fu‐Ching , Jou Jwo‐Huei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOrganic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been well known for their potential usage in the lighting and display industry. The device efficiency and lifetime have improved considerably in the last three decades. However, for commercial applications, operational lifetime still lies as one of the looming challenges. In this review paper, an in‐depth description of the various factors which affect OLED lifetime, and the related solutions is attempted to be consolidated. Notably, all the known intrinsic and extrinsic degradation phenomena and failure mechanisms, which include the presence of dark spot, high heat during device operation, substrate fracture, downgrading luminance, moisture attack, oxidation, corrosion, electron induced migrations, photochemical degradation, electrochemical degradation, electric breakdown, thermomechanical failures, thermal breakdown/degradation, and presence of impurities within the materials and evaporator chamber are reviewed. Light is also shed on the materials and device structures which are developed in order to obtain along with developed materials and device structures to obtain stable devices. It is believed that the theme of this report, summarizing the knowledge of mechanisms allied with OLED degradation, would be contributory in developing better‐quality OLED materials and, accordingly, longer lifespan devices.
Supply Chain Mapping to Prepare for Future Pandemics
Authors: Norwood F. Bailey , Peel Derrell 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 experience demonstrated how little some agribusinesses understood their supply chain. As companies were scrambling to determine how the shutdowns would impact their input suppliers, they surely perceived a need to prepare better for future pandemics. This article describes the practice of supply chain mapping, an activity used to better understand the upstream and downstream components of a company's supply chain. In addition to describing how mapping works, this paper illustrates how mapping can help identify supply chain vulnerabilities and reduce risk. Moreover, it discusses a number of other mapping benefits, including transparency in sustainability commitments and idea generation.