bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing Characterizations of Rape, Marriage, and Custom in South Africa: Revisiting The Multi-Sectoral Campaign Against Ukuthwala
Authors: Karimakwenda Nyasha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA critique of multi-sectoral responses to the customary practice ofukuthwala(the isiXhosa term for abduction for purposes of marriage) in South Africa highlights attention to gendered tropes pertaining to marriage, custom, and sexual assault. Karimakwenda deconstructs how, in its inflexible framing of customary practice, the multi-sectoral campaign against violent forms of ukuthwala lacks historicization and silences women’s narratives. By obscuring historical and locally-embedded linkages between marriage practices and rape, the myopic campaign energizes collective anxieties around representations of violence within Black communities, and fuels misconceptions surrounding marital rape. This critique contributes to debates about gender, violence, and state power by offering a counter-narrative to simplified characterizations of sexual violence and custom.
Unravelling the New Plebiscitary Democracy: Towards a Research Agenda
Authors: Hendriks Frank 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPushed by technological, cultural and related political drivers, a ‘new plebiscitary democracy’ is emerging which challenges established electoral democracy as well as variants of deliberative democracy. The new plebiscitary democracy reinvents and radicalizes longer-existing methods (initiative, referendum, recall, primary, petition, poll) with new tools and applications (mostly digital). It comes with a comparatively thin conceptualization of democracy, invoking the bare notion of a demos whose aggregated will is to steer actors and issues in public governance in a straight majoritarian way. In addition to unravelling the reinvented logic of plebiscitary democracy in conceptual terms, this article fleshes out an empirically informed matrix of emerging formats, distinguishing between votations that are ‘political-leader’ and ‘public-issue’ oriented on the one hand, and ‘inside-out’ and ‘outside-in’ initiated on the other hand. Relatedly, it proposes an agenda for systematic research into the various guises, drivers and implications of the new plebiscitary democracy. Finally, it reflects on possible objections to the argumentation.
Moving Labor Heroes Center Stage: (Labor) Heroism and the Reconfiguration of Social Relations in the Yan'an Period
Authors: Spakowski Nicola 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLabor heroes are an important phenomenon in the history of socialist China, but they have received only little attention in Western scholarship. This article investigates the labor heroes of the Yan'an period as the pivot in the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) attempt at reconceptualizing society, establishing new social relations and creating a socialist subjectivity. It reveals the new symbolic order constructed in the official media, primarilyJiefang Ribao(Liberation Daily), and highlights the relation between labor heroes (as representatives of the “masses”), intellectuals, and Mao Zedong in the construction of new hierarchies. In particular, it shows how the CCP chose work as the fundament of socialist society and the core of a new concept of “collective heroism”; how the stage of the first labor hero assembly was used to orchestrate Mao Zedong as a charismatic leader; and how labor heroes and writers, through direct encounter, redefined their respective place in society.
An image-based narrative intervention to manage interview anxiety and performance
Authors: Lin-Stephens Serene 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA visual narrative intervention – Serious Storytelling with Images – was proposed to manage interview anxiety and performance. Its ability to evocate significant incidents and enhance narratives construction was evaluated ideographically in two case studies. The findings suggest varying levels of sophistication in interviewee actions, challenges encountered, and perceived roles of images. Counselors can refer to the hierarchical concepts when tailoring interview training and coaching. Further investigation is highly recommended to confirm and measure intervention effects.
When Racial Inequalities Return: Assessing the Restratification of Cuban Society 60 Years After Revolution
Authors: Hansing Katrin , Hoffmann Bert 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTFew political transformations have attacked social inequalities more thoroughly than the 1959 Cuban Revolution. As the survey data in this article show, however, sixty years on, structural inequalities are returning that echo the prerevolutionary socioethnic hierarchies. While official Cuban statistics are mute about social differences along racial lines, the authors were able to conduct a unique, nationwide survey with more than one thousand respondents that shows the contrary. Amid depressed wages in the state-run economy, access to hard currency has become key. However, racialized migration patterns of the past make for highly unequal access to family remittances, and the gradual opening of private business disfavors Afro- Cubans, due to their lack of access to prerevolutionary property and startup capital. Despite the political continuity of Communist Party rule, a restructuring of Cuban society with a profound racial bias is turning back one of the proudest achievements of the revolution.
White Evangelicals as a “People”: The Church Growth Movement from India to the United States
Authors: Curtis Jesse 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThis article begins with a simple question: How did white evangelicals respond to the civil rights movement? Traditional answers are overwhelmingly political. As the story goes, white evangelicals became Republicans. In contrast, this article finds racial meaning in the places white evangelicals, themselves, insisted were most important: their churches. The task of evangelization did not stop for a racial revolution. What white evangelicals did with race as they tried to grow their churches is the subject of this article. Using the archives of the leading evangelical church growth theorists, this article traces the emergence and transformation of the Church Growth Movement (CGM). It shows how evangelistic strategies created in caste-conscious India in the 1930s came to be deployed in American metropolitan areas decades later. After first resisting efforts to bring these missionary approaches to the United States, CGM founder Donald McGavran embraced their use in the wake of the civil rights movement. During the 1970s, the CGM defined white Americans as “a people” akin to castes or tribes in the Global South. Drawing on the revival of white ethnic identities in American culture, church growth leaders imagined whiteness as pluralism rather than hierarchy. Embracing a culture of consumption, they sought to sell an appealing brand of evangelicalism to the white American middle class. The CGM story illuminates the transnational movement of people and ideas in evangelicalism, the often-creative tension between evangelical practices and American culture, and the ways in which racism inflected white evangelicals’ most basic theological commitments.
Choosing Choice: How Gender and Religiosity Shape Abortion Attitudes among Latinos
Authors: Holman Mirya , Podrazik Erica , Silber Mohamed Heather 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe relationship between religiosity and political attitudes is well established in the United States, particularly around gendered issues like abortion. However, this relationship can be complicated by the highly gendered and racialized nature of social identities. In this paper, we explore how different forms of religiosity (belonging to a denomination, specific religious beliefs, and religious behavior in church and in private) interact with gender to shape Latino abortion preferences. Using two sets of national survey data, we find that Evangelicalism and church attendance are more strongly associated with anti-abortion attitudes among Latino men, while religious beliefs are gender neutral. Our results illustrate the importance of intersectional approaches to studies of social identities and political preferences, as well as the importance of including gender in research on the role of the Evangelical church on immigrant political behavior.
The Quality of Botswana's Environmental Protection Regulatory Framework
Authors: Madebwe Tinashe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article explores why Botswana's environmental protection regulatory framework is failing to stem environmental deterioration. Based on the observation that such deterioration persists despite the fact that there is a framework in place, the discussion draws from experience with successful environmental protection regulatory frameworks around the world. The discussion establishes that successful environmental protection regulatory frameworks incorporate numerical quality and ecological standards, a command and control approach (with context-sensitive alternatives to account for the approach's limitations), and credible enforcement mechanisms. This article measures the extent to which Botswana's environmental protection regulatory framework incorporates these elements; it identifies that the reason why the framework has failed to stem environmental deterioration is that it does not adequately incorporate these qualities and proposes how this could be addressed going forward.
The isotopic nitrogen turnover rate as a proxy to evaluate in the long-term the protein turnover in growing ruminants
Authors: Cantalapiedra-Hijar Gonzalo , Fouillet Hélène , Chantelauze Céline , Khodorova Nadezda , Bahloul Lahlou , Ortigues-Marty Isabelle 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProtein turnover is an energy-consuming process that is essential for ensuring the maintenance of living organisms. Gold standard methods for whole-body protein turnover (WBPT) measurement have inherent drawbacks precluding their generalization for large farm animals and use during long periods. Here, we proposed a non-invasive proxy for the WBPT over a long period of time and in a large number of beef cattle. The proxy is based on the rate at which urine-N and plasma proteins are progressively depleted in terms of15N after a slight decrease in the isotopic N composition of the diet (i.e. diet switch). We aimed to test the ability of this proxy to adequately discriminate the WBPT of 36 growing-fattening young bulls assigned to different dietary treatments known to impact the WBPT rate, with different protein contents (normalv.high) and amino acid profiles (balancedv.unbalanced in methionine). The15N depletion rate found in plasma proteins represented their fractional synthesis rate, whereas the slow depletion rate found in urine was interpreted as a proxy of the WBPT. The proxy tested in urine suggested different WBPT values between the normal- and high-protein diets but not between the balanced and unbalanced methionine diets. In contrast, the proxy tested in plasma indicated that both dietary conditions affected the fractional synthesis rate of plasma proteins. We considered that the rate at which urine is progressively15N-depleted following an isotopic diet switch could be proposed as a non-invasive proxy of the WBPT rate in large farm animals.
Broilers’ behavioural adjustments when submitted to natural heat stress and fed different maize particle sizes in the diet
Authors: Santos M. M. , Souza-Junior J. B. F. , Queiroz J. P. A. F. , Costa M. K. O. , Lima H. F. F. , Arruda A. M. V. , Costa L. L. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince behavioural adjustments are an important line of defence against thermal stress, either due to their energy efficiency or to efficiency at preventing overheating, we aimed to evaluate whether broilers fed different maize particle sizes adjusted their behaviour to deal with heat stress challenges. At several times a day, the behaviour of 220 naked neck broilers was evaluated. These broilers were fed with isonutritive diets containing maize with different geometric mean diameters (GMD): 605 and 2280 μm. The thermal environment was monitored during the experiment. Panting and open wings were the only behaviours that showed differences between the times of day (P < 0.05). However, GMD showed a significant effect on feed intake and panting (P < 0.05). The interaction between GMD and time of day was significant only on panting (P < 0.05). Although no daily variation was observed, the highest feed intake was observed in broilers fed the diet containing maize with a GMD of 2280 μm. Less than 5% of the broilers were observed drinking water during the day. Open wings was the behavioural adjustment most used by broilers from 10:00 h, and remained elevated until 14:00 h for both GMDs. The birds panted more when fed the diet containing maize with a GMD of 2280 μm. In conclusion, broilers adjust their behaviour to dissipate excess body heat from the environment and as a result of feed intake. Coarse particles of maize in the diet increase the thermal challenge of broilers since the environment also provides stressful thermal conditions.
Is Bitcoin a decentralized payment mechanism?
Authors: Luther William J. , Stein Smith Sean 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe make a distinction between centralized, decentralized, and distributed payment mechanisms. A centralized payment mechanism processes a transaction using a trusted third party. A decentralized payment mechanism processes a transaction between the parties to the transaction. A distributed payment mechanism relies on the network of users to process a transaction on a shared ledger. We maintain that bitcoin is neither a centralized nor a decentralized payment mechanism. It is, instead, a distributed payment mechanism. We then consider decentralized and centralized aspects of the broader bitcoin payment space.
Discovery of Vestige Sedimentary Archives of the India‐Asia Collision in the Eastern Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone
Authors: Wei Zhen , Li Xianghui , Li Yongxiang , Fan Xiaolong , Wang Jingyu , Zhang Chaokai , Jiebu Gongjue 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe lack of syncollisional sediments in the eastern Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (YZSZ) has impeded our understanding of the India‐Asia collision, particularly as to whether the collision was synchronous or diachronous. In this paper, we present evidence for the vestige sedimentary archives of the initial India‐Asia collision retained in the previously proposed “Cretaceous Langxian Mélange” in the eastern YZSZ, southern Tibet. Field investigations of marbles and intercalated meta‐siliciclastic rocks, together with analyses of petrography, cathodoluminescence image, geochronology, trace elements, and Nd isotopes show that (1) marbles occur as thin‐bedded to massive individual layers consistently dipping to the south at 50–80°, (2) marble and intercalated meta‐siliciclastic rocks exhibit the same deformational (foliations S0 and S1) and metamorphic (green‐schist facies) history with nearly same detrital‐zircon age spectra and εNd(0) values, (3) protoliths of the meta‐sedimentary rocks were sourced from both India and Asia and deposited during the early Eocene, and (4) protoliths of the marbles were probably precipitated in a marine environment. These lines of evidence suggest that the previously proposed mélange is indeed not the Cretaceous mélange, but the vestige of syncollisional sedimentary strata that was originally deposited in situ in a syncollisional foreland basin. The estimated collisional age of prior to ~56 Ma in the eastern YZSZ is almost consistent with the 60–56 Ma age estimated from the western‐central YZSZ and Himalaya, indicating a (quasi‐) synchronous initial India‐Asia collision at ~60–56 Ma.
Near‐Field Effects of Earthquake Rupture Velocity Into Tsunami Runup Heights
Authors: Riquelme S. , Schwarze H. , Fuentes M. , Campos J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTsunamis have often been treated as an isolated phenomena from the earthquake itself. In tsunami modeling, seafloor deformation is generated from an earthquake. That deformation is copied into the sea surface, and then, the tsunami is propagated over the ocean. On the other hand, rupture velocities from earthquakes are in the span of 1.5–2.5 km/s; therefore, it is safe to approximate the earthquake rupture propagation as an instantaneous phenomena relative to the tsunami propagation. However, this is not necessarily true for all earthquakes. Several types of large slow earthquakes or nonregular earthquakes, such as low frequency earthquakes and very low frequency earthquakes, and tsunami earthquakes have been detected and observed in certain zones around the world. A key question is: Do giant thrust tsunamigenic earthquakes produce slow rupture (0.1–0.5 km/s) velocities? In this study, we model heterogeneous earthquakes sources using very slow rupture velocities (0.1– 2.5 km/s) with the aim of understanding how this parameter affects the tsunami propagation and runup. We compute the amplification due to a very slow moment release in megathrust earthquakes. Our research shows that rupture velocity plays a key role on runup amplification, and the classic instantaneous case might not work as expected for every case.
Hardness and Yield Strength of CO Ice Under Martian Temperature Conditions
Authors: Kaufmann E. , Attree N. , Bradwell T. , Hagermann A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough ice fracturing and deformation is key to understanding some of the landforms encountered in the high‐latitude regions on Mars and on other icy bodies in the solar system, little is known about the mechanical characteristics of CO
ice. We have measured the hardness of solid CO
ice directly in the laboratory with a Leeb hardness tester and calculated the corresponding yield strength. We have also measured the hardness of water ice by the same method, confirming previous work. Our results indicate that CO
ice is slightly weaker, ranging between Leeb
200 and 400 (
10 and 30 MPa yield strength, assuming only plastic deformation and no strain hardening during the experiment), for typical Martian temperatures. Our results can be used for models of CO
ice rupture (depending on the deformation timescales) explaining surface processes on Mars and solar system icy bodies.
Reconstruction of GRACE Data on Changes in Total Water Storage Over the Global Land Surface and 60 Basins
Authors: Sun Zhangli , Long Di , Yang Wenting , Li Xueying , Pan Yun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLaunched in May 2018, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow‐On mission (GRACE‐FO)—the successor of the erstwhile GRACE mission—monitors changes in total water storage, which is a critical state variable of the regional and global hydrologic cycles. However, the gap between data of the two missions is breaking the continuity of the observations and limiting its further application. In this study, we used three learning‐based models, that is, deep neural network, multiple linear regression (MLR), and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables, and six GRACE solutions (i.e., Jet Propulsion Laboratory spherical harmonics (JPL‐SH), Center for Space Research SH (CSR‐SH), GeoforschungsZentrum Potsdam SH (GFZ‐SH), JPL mass concentration blocks (mascons) (JPL‐M), CSR mascons (CSR‐M), and Goddard Space Flight Center mascons (GSFC‐M)) to reconstruct the missing monthly data at a grid cell scale. Evaluation showed that the three learning‐based models were reliable for the reconstruction of GRACE data in areas with humid and no/low human interventions. The deep neural network models slightly outperformed the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables models and significantly outperformed the multiple linear regression models in most of 60 basins studied. The three GRACE mascon data sets performed better than the SH data sets at the basin scale. The models with SH solutions showed similar performance, but the models with the mascon solutions varied markedly in some basins. Results of this study are expected to provide a reference for bridging the data gaps between the GRACE and GRACE‐FO satellites and for selecting suitable GRACE solutions for regional hydrologic studies.
Dual regulation of p53 by the ribosome maturation factor SBDS
Authors: Hao Qian , Wang Jieqiong , Chen Yajie , Wang Shanshan , Cao Mingming , Lu Hua , Zhou Xiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Shwachman-Bodian Diamond syndrome (SBDS)-associated gene, SBDS, is involved in rRNA synthesis and ribosome maturation, but the role of SBDS in cancer is largely elusive. In this study, we found that SBDS is often overexpressed or amplified in human cancers, and high level of endogenous SBDS is significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis. Conversely, knockdown of SBDS leads to p53 stabilization and activation through the ribosomal stress-RPL5/RPL11-MDM2 pathway, resulting in the repression of cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Interestingly, ectopic SBDS in the nucleoplasm also suppresses tumor cell growth and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ectopically expressed SBDS triggered by, for example, ribosomal stress binds to the transactivation domain of p53 and perturbs the MDM2–p53 interaction, consequently leading to impaired p53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Altogether, our finding for the first time demonstrates the dual functions of SBDS in cancer development by coordinating ribosome biogenesis and p53 activity.
Signaling networks in immunometabolism
Authors: Saravia Jordy , Raynor Jana L. , Chapman Nicole M. , Lim Seon Ah , Chi Hongbo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdaptive immunity is essential for pathogen and tumor eradication, but may also trigger uncontrolled or pathological inflammation. T cell receptor, co-stimulatory and cytokine signals coordinately dictate specific signaling networks that trigger the activation and functional programming of T cells. In addition, cellular metabolism promotes T cell responses and is dynamically regulated through the interplay of serine/threonine kinases, immunological cues and nutrient signaling networks. In this review, we summarize the upstream regulators and signaling effectors of key serine/threonine kinase-mediated signaling networks, including PI3K–AGC kinases, mTOR and LKB1–AMPK pathways that regulate metabolism, especially in T cells. We also provide our perspectives about the pending questions and clinical applicability of immunometabolic signaling. Understanding the regulators and effectors of immunometabolic signaling networks may uncover therapeutic targets to modulate metabolic programming and T cell responses in human disease.