bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New-onset atrial fibrillation and associated outcomes and resource use among critically ill adults—a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fernando Shannon M. , Mathew Rebecca , Hibbert Benjamin , Rochwerg Bram , Munshi Laveena , Walkey Allan J. , Møller Morten Hylander , Simard Trevor , Di Santo Pietro , Ramirez F. Daniel , Tanuseputro Peter , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is commonly encountered in critically ill adults. Evidence evaluating the association between NOAF and patient-important outcomes in this population is conflicting. Furthermore, little is known regarding the association between NOAF and resource use or hospital costs.

Methods
Retrospective analysis (2011–2016) of a prospectively collected registry from two Canadian hospitals of consecutive ICU patients aged ≥ 18 years. We excluded patients with a known history of AF prior to hospital admission. Any occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) was prospectively recorded by bedside nurses. The primary outcome was hospital mortality, and we used multivariable logistic regression to adjust for confounders. We used a generalized linear model to evaluate contributors to total cost.

Results
We included 15,014 patients, and 1541 (10.3%) had NOAF during their ICU admission. While NOAF was not associated with increased odds of hospital death among the entire cohort (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.02 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97–1.08]), an interaction was noted between NOAF and sepsis, and the presence of both was associated with higher odds of hospital mortality (aOR 1.28 [95% CI 1.09–1.36]) than either alone. Patients with NOAF had higher total costs (cost ratio [CR] 1.09 [95% CI 1.02–1.20]). Among patients with NOAF, treatment with a rhythm-control strategy was associated with higher costs (CR 1.24 [95% CI 1.07–1.40]).

Conclusions
While NOAF was not associated with death or requiring discharge to long-term care among critically ill patients, it was associated with increased length of stay in ICU and increased total costs.
Prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi in livestock in Palestine
Authors: Ereqat Suheir , Nasereddin Abdelmajeed , Al-Jawabreh Amer , Al-Jawabreh Hanan , Al-Laham Nahed , Abdeen Ziad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrypanosoma evansiis the causative agent of surra, a disease that occurs in many animal species. The disease is responsible for substantial losses in global production and can be fatal if not diagnosed early. This study aims to determine the prevalence ofT. evansiin livestock, equids and dromedary camels in Palestine.MethodsBlood samples were collected during 2015–2017 from domesticated animals (n= 259 animals; 77% females and 23% males) including camels (n= 87), horses (n= 46), donkeys (n= 28), mules (n= 2), sheep (n= 49) and goats (n= 48) from eight districts: Ariha (Jericho), Nablus, Bethlehem, Deir Al Balah, Jenin, Rafah, Tubas, and Khan Yunis. Parasite prevalence was determined using PCR and blood smear microscopy. PCR-positive samples were further phylogenetically analyzed using DNA sequences of the18Sribosomal RNA gene.ResultsThe overall infection prevalence was 18% (46/259). The positivity rates according to PCR and microscopy examination were 17% (45/259) and 2.7% (7/259), respectively. The infection rates were as follows: camels, 26/61 (30%); horses, 8/46 (17%); donkeys, 3/28 (11%); mules, 1/2 (50%); sheep, 2/42 (4%); and goats, 6/42 (13%). Phylogenetic analyses of the18SrRNA gene showed that 24 positiveT. evansisamples from Palestine formed a monophyletic cluster with sevenT. evansisequences from Africa, Asia and South America, and threeT. bruceisequences from Africa retrieved from GenBank. The spatial analysis showed three statistically significant foci ofT. evansiinfection in Jenin, Tubas (P= 0.02) and Ariha (Jericho) (P= 0.04). No statistically significant foci were detected in the Gaza Strip.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first confirmation of high levels of infection withT. evansias a causative agent of surra in Palestine. Our study emphasizes the need for a stringent surveillance system and risk assessment studies as prerequisites for control measures. Further investigations focusing on vectors and evaluation of risk factors are needed.
Epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae collected from 17 hospitals in Nanjing district of China
Authors: Zhou Hui , Zhang Kui , Chen Wei , Chen Junhao , Zheng Jie , Liu Chang , Cheng Li , Zhou Wanqing , Shen Han , Cao Xiaoli 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective
In total, 97 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) were collected from 17 hospitals located in Nanjing, Southeast China, and analyzed for epidemiological characteristics.

Methods
Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined; followed by determination of the prevalence of resistance determinants, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs), plasmid-mediated AmpC enzyme (pAmpCs), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (PMQRs), fosfomycin resistance gene and exogenously acquired 16S rRNA methyltransferase (16S-RMTase) using PCR and DNA sequencing. The sequence types (STs) of CRE were determined by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The plasmid profiles were detected by PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT).

Results
All the CRE strains displayed high MIC50 and MIC90 for nearly all clinical available antibiotics, except for aztreonam/avibactam, minocycline, ceftazidime/avibactam, tigecycline, and colistin. KPC-2 (79.4%) and NDM (19.6%) were the main carbapenemases, CTX-M (76.3%) and SHV (60.8%) were the predominant ESBLs. In addition, oqxAB (70.1%) and qnr (63.9%) were the major PMQRs; rmtB (47.4%) was the main 16S-RMTase; fosA (76.3%) and fosA3 (37.1%) were the fosfomycin resistance gene. PBRT analysis showed presence of IncR (66.0%) and IncFII (64.9%) replicon types in the majority of the isolates, followed by IncFIB (46.4%) and IncX3 (16.5%). The IncFII and IncR replicon-types were found mainly in K. pneumoniae (68.8%), whereas the IncX3 replicons dominated in E. coli isolates (100.0%). The three dominating MLST-types ST11, ST15 and ST268 comprised 68.0% of the 77 K. pneumoniae. Seven distinct STs were identified among 8 E. coli.

Conclusions
The treatment for infections caused by CRE isolates is challenged by the presence of multiple resistance determinants and plasmid replicons. Our results highlighted the expansion of blaKPC-2 carrying K. pneumoniae ST11, the new emergency of single blaNDM-5 carrying K. oxytoca ST36, as well as blaIMP-4 and blaNDM-1 co-carrying E. cloacae ST418, which alert us on the urgency for antimicrobial resistant surveillance, to prevent dissemination of these highly transmissible and dangerous lineages.
Comparison of metamizole and paracetamol effects on colonic anastomosis and fibroblast activities in Wistar rats
Authors: Purnomo Eko , Nugrahaningsih Dwi Aris Agung , Agustriani Nunik , Gunadi  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Leakage following colorectal anastomosis surgery causes various complications associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in pediatric patients. It might be caused by the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as postoperative analgesics. This study aimed to compare the effect of metamizole and paracetamol on colonic anastomosis and fibroblast activities, including proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis, in Wistar rats.

Methods
Rats were divided into control, paracetamol and metamizole groups. The colonic anastomosis was evaluated by determining the integrity of the muscle layers, the formation of granulation tissue, and mucosal anastomosis. Fibroblast activities were analyzed by measuring the proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis.

Results
Metamizole caused more damage to muscle layer integrity, more inhibition of granulation tissue formation in the anastomosis area and lower mucosal anastomosis compared with paracetamol and control groups. Metamizole had a higher cytotoxic effect than paracetamol, which suppressed the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Furthermore, both drugs did not affect the synthesis of collagen.

Conclusion
Metamizole shows worse effects on the integrity of muscle layers, inhibition of granulation tissue formation, mucosal anastomosis, fibroblast proliferation, and migration, but not collagen synthesis, than paracetamol in Wistar rat intestines following colonic anastomosis. These findings might indicate that paracetamol is safer than metamizole as analgesic following colonic anastomosis.
Low-cost and customizable inkjet printing for microelectrodes fabrication
Authors: da Costa Tallis H. , Choi Jin-Woo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicroelectrodes for detection of chemicals present several advantages over conventional sized electrodes. However, rapid and low-cost fabrication of microelectrodes is challenging due to high complexity of patterning equipment. We present the development of a low-cost, customizable inkjet printer for printing nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes for the fabrication of microelectrodes. The achieved spatial resolution of the inkjet printer is less than 20 µm, which is comparable to advanced commercially available inkjet printers, with the advantage of being low-cost and easily replicated.
On-chip cell manipulation and applications to deformability measurements
Authors: Ito Hiroaki , Kaneko Makoto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractActive microfluidics for the applications to cellular deformability measurements is an emerging research field ranging from engineering to medicine. Here, we review conventional and microfluidic methods, and introduce an on-chip cell manipulation system with the design principle of fast and fine cell manipulation inside a microchannel. In the latter part of the review, we focus on the results of red blood cell (RBC) deformability measurements as one of the most frequently studied non-adherent cells by on-chip methods. The relationship between mechanical properties and biological structures/features, as well as medical/diagnostic applications, are also discussed.
The importance of grain and cut-off size in shaping tree beta diversity along an elevational gradient in the northwest of Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Villa Johanna Andrea , González-Caro Sebastián , Duque Álvaro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Species turnover (β-diversity) along elevational gradients is one of the most important concepts in plant ecology. However, there is a lack of consensus about the main driving mechanisms of tree β-diversity at local scales in very diverse ecosystems (e.g., Andean mountains), as well as how the sampling effect can alter β-diversity estimations. Recently, it has been hypothesized that patterns of change in β-diversity at local scales along elevational gradients are driven by sampling effects stemming from differences in the size of the species pool rather than by underlying community assembly mechanisms. Thus, we aim to evaluate the relative extent to which sampling effects, such as species pool size, grain size, and tree size cut-off, determine species sorting, and thus, the variability of β-diversity at local scales along elevational gradients in the northwest of Colombia.

Results
Using 15 1-ha permanent plots spread out along a 3000 m elevational gradient, we used standardized β-deviation to assess the extent to which either sampling effects or the community assembly mechanisms determine the changes in species composition at local scales. Standardized β-deviation was measured as the difference between the observed and null β-diversity divided by the standard deviation of the null β-diversity. We found that the magnitude of change in local β-deviation along the elevational gradient was significant and dependent on the employed spatial grain size and tree size cut-off. However, β-deviation increased with elevation in all sampling designs, which suggests that underlying community assembly mechanisms play a key role in shaping local β-diversity along the elevational gradient.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that grain size enlargement and the inclusion of trees with small diameters will improve our ability to quantify the extent to which the community assembly mechanisms shape patterns of β-diversity along elevational gradients. Overall, we emphasize the scale-dependent nature of the assessment of β-diversity. Likewise, we call for the need of a new generation of enlarged forest inventory plots along gradients of elevation in tropical forests that include small individuals to improve our understanding about the likely response of diversity and function to global change.
Harmony or chaos? Beliefs and practices about conflicts among naturalized refugee children in Tanzania
Authors: Ndijuye Laurent Gabriel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe current study explored beliefs and practices on the main types and common causes of conflicts among naturalized refugee pre-primary children in rural Tanzania. A region with highest number of naturalized refugees in Tanzania was purposively selected. A total of 12 children were involved in the focus group discussion; nine classroom teachers, and three school principals from three pre-primary schools were individually interviewed. To gain insights on home contexts, six parents who had children in pre-primary classes were visited at their homes and interviewed on individual sessions. A number of policy and practical documents were critically analyzed. Findings revealed that the main types of conflicts among naturalized refugee children were teacher-induced and pupil-induced. Further, it was found that the main causes of conflicts among children of this group were related to scarcity of resources and social issues. These findings highlight that in order to ensure that naturalized refugee children are developing to their fullest potentials and integrated into a host Tanzanian society, deliberate efforts are much needed to understand common types and main causes of conflicts. This will help in devising appropriate strategies to develop children’s constructive conflict-resolution skills.
Nordic walking training in elderly, a randomized clinical trial. Part II: Biomechanical and metabolic adaptations
Authors: Gomeñuka Natalia Andrea , Oliveira Henrique Bianchi , da Silva Edson Soares , Passos-Monteiro Elren , da Rosa Rodrigo Gomes , Carvalho Alberito Rodrigo , Costa Rochelle Rocha , Rodríguez Paz Martín Cruz , Pellegrini Barbara , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo Alexandre 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundNordic walking is an attractive method of endurance training. Nevertheless, the biomechanic response due to the additional contribution of using poles in relation to free walking training has been less explored in the elderly. Purpose: This randomized parallel controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of 8 weeks of Nordic walking and free walking training on the walking economy, mechanical work, metabolically optimal speed, and electromyographic activation in elderly.MethodsThirty-three sedentary elderly were randomized into Nordic walking (n= 16) and free walking group (n= 17) with equalized loads. Submaximal walking tests were performed from 1 to 5 km h−1on the treadmill.ResultsWalking economy was improved in both free and Nordic walking groups (x24.91,p= 0.014) and the metabolically optimal speed was increased by approximately 0.5 km h−1changing the speed-cost profile. The electromyographic activation in lower and upper limbs, pendular recovery, and total, external, and internal mechanical work remained unchanged (p> 0.05). Interestingly, the internal mechanical work associated with arm movement was higher in the Nordic walking group than in the free walking group after training, while the co-contraction from upper limb muscles was reduced similarly to both groups.ConclusionsEight weeks of Nordic walking training effectively improved the walking economy and functionality as well as maintained the gait mechanics, similar to free walking training in elderly people. This enhancement in the metabolic economy may have been mediated by a reduction in the co-contraction from upper limb muscles.Trial registrationClinicalTrails.govNCT03096964
Do carrier expectations indicate industry structure in container shipping? An econometric analysis
Authors: Fusillo Michael , Haralambides Hercules 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the competitive environment of liner shipping, the ability to nimbly adjust shipping capacity to demand could mean the difference between a thriving shipping operation and one that will most likely fail. How quickly and effectively carriers adjust their capacity may depend on how their expectations regarding trade volumes and freight rates are formed. We find that if adaptive expectations prevail in the decision process, capacity deployment may suffer some degree of inertia but, compared to expectations that are formed rationally, capacity would be be relatively stable. On the other hand, if carrier expectations are rational, capacity deployment might be more likely to align closer and faster with demand. We seek to empirically test whether carriers’ expectations of demand, aiming at deploying the right amount of capacity, can be characterized as adaptive or rational. We find that a) in most cases, adaptive expectations is the paradigm in container shipping; b) the way expectations are formed and the market structure of the liner shipping industry are two things not totally unrelated; and c) rational expectations point to more competitive markets (such as that of the Pacific), while adaptive expectations indicate higher concentration and thus imperfect competition (as is the case in the North Atlantic). Our findings have important regulatory implications in the sense that, if one accepts, as we do, that adaptive expectations are consistent with concentrated industries, while rational expectations suggest more competition, then our paper suggests that the 2008 abolition of the liner conference system from European trades has failed to improve the level of competition in the Europe – US liner shipping markets.
Pathological Fracture and Prognosis of High-Grade Osteosarcoma of the Extremities: An Analysis of 2,847 Consecutive Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group (COSS) Patients
Authors: Kelley Lisa Marie , Schlegel Miriam , Hecker-Nolting Stefanie , Kevric Matthias , Haller Bernhard , Rössig Claudia , Reichardt Peter , Kager Leo , Kühne Thomas , Gosheger Georg , Windhager Reinhard , Specht Katja , Rechl Hans , Tunn Per-Ulf , Baumhoer Daniel , Wirth Thomas , Werner Mathias , von Kalle Thekla , Nathrath Michaela , Burdach Stefan , Bielack Stefan , von Lüttichau Irene 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate potential correlations between pathologic fractures (PFs) and prognosis of patients with primary central high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 2,847 patients registered in the Consecutive Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group database with primary central high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities, treated between 1980 and 2010. Intended treatment included pre- and postoperative chemotherapy and surgery. Univariable and multivariable survival analyses were performed for all patients and then differentiated for adult and pediatric (≤ 18 years at time of diagnosis) patients. RESULTS A total of 2,193 patients were ≤ 18 years of age; 11.3% of all patients had PFs. In the overall cohort, presence of PF correlated significantly with tumor site, histologic subtype, relative tumor size, and primary metastases, but not with body mass index or local surgical remission. In univariable analysis, 5-year overall survival (OAS) of patients with and without PF was 63% versus 71%, respectively ( P = .007), and 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 51% versus 58% ( P = .026). In pediatric patients, OAS and EFS did not differ significantly between patients with and without PF. In adults, 5-year OAS in patients with and without PF was 46% versus 69% ( P < .001), and 5-year EFS was 36% versus 56% ( P < .001). In multivariable analysis, PF was not a statistically significant factor for OAS or EFS in the total cohort or in pediatric patients. In adult patients, PF remained an independent prognostic factor for OAS ( P = .013; hazard ratio [HR], 1.893). It was not a significant prognostic factor for EFS ( P = .263; HR, 1.312). CONCLUSION In this largest study to date with extremity osteosarcomas, we observed the occurrence of PF to correlate with inferior OAS expectancies in adult but not in pediatric patients.
Collection and Reporting of Indigenous Status Information in Cancer Registries Around the World
Authors: Diaz Abbey , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Moore Suzanne , Whop Lisa J. , Bray Freddie , Hoberg Hana , Garvey Gail 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE Worldwide, Indigenous people often have disproportionally worse health and lower life expectancy than their non-Indigenous counterparts. Despite the impact of cancer on life expectancy, little is known about the burden of cancer for Indigenous people primarily because of the paucity of data. We investigated the collection and reporting of Indigenous status information among a global sample of population-based cancer registries (PBCRs). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS An online survey was e-mailed to eligible registries using set inclusion criteria. Respondents were asked questions on the collection, reporting, and quality assessment of Indigenous status in their registers. RESULTS Eighty-three PBCRs from 25 countries were included. Of these, 66% reported that their registry collected Indigenous status data, although the quality of this variable had been assessed in less than half in terms of completeness (38%) and accuracy (47%). Two thirds of PBCRs who collected Indigenous status data (67%), from nine of 25 countries responded that cancer statistics for Indigenous people were reported using registry data. Key barriers to the collection of Indigenous status information included the lack of data collection at the point of care (79%), lack of transfer of Indigenous status to the cancer registry (46%), inadequate information systems (43%), and legislative limitations (32%). Important variations existed among world regions, although the lack of Indigenous status data collection at the point of care was commonly reported across all regions. CONCLUSION High-quality data collection is lacking for Indigenous peoples in many countries. To ensure the design and implementation of cancer control activities required to reduce disparities for Indigenous populations, health information systems, including cancer registries, need to be strengthened, and this must be done in dialogue with Indigenous leaders.