bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular evolution of the sex peptide network in Drosophila
Authors: McGeary Meaghan K. , Findlay Geoffrey D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSuccessful reproduction depends on interactions between numerous proteins beyond those involved directly in gamete fusion. Although such reproductive proteins evolve in response to sexual selection pressures, how networks of interacting proteins arise and evolve as reproductive phenotypes change remains an open question. Here, we investigated the molecular evolution of the ‘sex peptide network’ of Drosophila melanogaster, a functionally well‐characterized reproductive protein network. In this species, the peptide hormone sex peptide (SP) and its interacting proteins cause major changes in female physiology and behaviour after mating. In contrast, females of more distantly related Drosophila species do not respond to SP. In spite of these phenotypic differences, we detected orthologs of all network proteins across 22 diverse Drosophila species and found evidence that most orthologs likely function in reproduction throughout the genus. Within SP‐responsive species, we detected the recurrent, adaptive evolution of several network proteins, consistent with sexual selection acting to continually refine network function. We also found some evidence for adaptive evolution of several proteins along two specific phylogenetic lineages that correspond with increased expression of the SP receptor in female reproductive tracts or increased sperm length, respectively. Finally, we used gene expression profiling to examine the likely degree of functional conservation of the paralogs of an SP network protein that arose via gene duplication. Our results suggest a dynamic history for the SP network in which network members arose before the onset of robust SP‐mediated responses and then were shaped by both purifying and positive selection.
A region‐specific environmental analysis of technology implementation of hydrogen energy in Japan based on life cycle assessment
Authors: Shimizu Teruyuki , Hasegawa Kei , Ihara Manabu , Kikuchi Yasunori 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnergy systems using renewables with adequate energy carriers are needed for sustainability. Before accelerating technology implementation for the transition to the new energy system, region‐specific implementation effects should be carefully examined as a system. In this study, we aim to analyze an energy system using hydrogen as an energy carrier with the approach of combining life cycle assessment and a regional energy simulation model. The model calculates the emissions, such as CO2, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and volatile organic compounds, and their impacts on human health, social assets, primary production, and an integrated index. The analysis quantitatively presented various environmental impacts by region, life cycle stage, and impact category. Climate change was dominant on the integrated index while the other impact categories were also important. Fuel cell vehicles were effective in mitigating local air pollution, especially in high‐population regions where many people are adversely affected. Although technology implementation contributes to mitigating environmental impacts at locations of energy users, it also has possibilities to have negative impacts at locations of device manufacturing and raw material processing. The definition of the regional division was also an important factor in energy system design because the final results of life cycle assessments are highly sensitive to region‐specific characteristics. The proposed region‐specific analysis is expected to support local governments and technology developers in designing appropriate energy systems for regions and building marketing plans for specific targets.
Lazy Prices
Authors: COHEN LAUREN , MALLOY CHRISTOPHER , NGUYEN QUOC 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTUsing the complete history of regular quarterly and annual filings by U.S. corporations, we show that changes to the language and construction of financial reports have strong implications for firms’ future returns and operations. A portfolio that shorts “changers” and buys “nonchangers” earns up to 188 basis points per month in alpha (over 22% per year) in the future. Moreover, changes to 10‐Ks predict future earnings, profitability, future news announcements, and even future firm‐level bankruptcies. Unlike typical underreaction patterns, we find no announcement effect, suggesting that investors are inattentive to these simple changes across the universe of public firms.
Clinical manifestations of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: A systematic review
Authors: Torrejon‐Moya Aina , Jané‐Salas Enric , López‐López José 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to gather the available evidence about proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. This systematic review was conducted to answer the question: “What are the main clinical features of PVL patients?”.Material and MethodsA systematic review of the literature was done following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statements. An electronic research was carried out using different electronic databases; PubMed, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were papers which reported at least 10 patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and were published not more than 10 years ago.ResultsA total of 285 records were identified through databases, although only 6 of them were eligible. Most patients were women, above 60 years of age (67.4). Additionally, 28 of them were non‐smokers (66.6%) and 24 were non‐habitual drinkers (57.1%). The most common locations were gingiva (50.9%), buccal mucosa (44.9%), and tongue (40.6%)ConclusionLevel C can be established to conclude the proliferative verrucous leukoplakia demographic data, risk factors, malignant transformation, and location. A strict follow‐up on these patients should be mandatory, even after surgical management since they have a high recurrence rate and a malignant transformation.
Therapeutic benefits and limitations of participatory photography for adults with mental health problems: A systematic search and literature review
Authors: Buchan Catherine A. 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Participatory photography has been reported to have therapeutic benefits for participants, such as a sense of empowerment and increased self‐knowledge.

No known review has examined the potential of participatory photography as a therapeutic intervention in people with mental health problems.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Participatory photography can have many therapeutic benefits for people with mental health problems. It can be used to work through problematic issues, can promote a sense of empowerment and strengthen therapeutic relationships.

The most significant potential drawback of the process is the ethical issues that may arise with taking photographs of identifiable people.

What are the implications for practice?

Participatory photography can be a helpful therapeutic intervention for some adults with mental health problems, though not all.

Further research is required for the effectiveness of this intervention before it can be considered as evidence‐based.

AbstractIntroductionParticipatory photography (PP) has been reported to have therapeutic benefits for its participants, such as empowerment and critical reflection. No known review has examined this potential exclusively in people with mental health problems.AimTo identify what therapeutic benefits and limitation adults with mental health problems have experienced through PP.MethodSix academic databases were systematically searched. Eleven articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria and were of medium to high quality. Themes were extracted using thematic analysis.ResultsSeven themes were identified: empowerment, mental processing, enhanced therapeutic relationships, peer support, creative expression, sense of achievement and enjoyment, and limitations.DiscussionThe limited evidence base prevents firm conclusions. PP projects higher in personal relevance and intensity were linked with the greater therapeutic benefits. Most identified themes are supported by the wider literature on PP. The limitations indicate that PP is not suitable for all and requires adaptation for individuals and the potential seriousness of ethical issues.Implications for practiceParticipatory photography can be a helpful therapeutic intervention for some adults with mental health problems, though not all. Further research is required to develop the limited evidence base, particularly quantitative research that would enable comparisons to be made with other interventions.
Supplementation of by‐products from grape, tomato and myrtle affects antioxidant status of dairy ewes and milk fatty acid profile
Authors: Buffa Giovanna , Tsiplakou Eleni , Mitsiopoulou Christina , Pulina Giuseppe , Nudda Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different dried by‐products on milk and blood plasma antioxidant capacity of dairy ewes. Thirty‐six Sarda ewes were assigned to four treatments: control (CON; no by‐product), 100 g/day of grape marc (GM), 100 g/day tomato pomace (TP) and 75 g/day of exhausted myrtle berries (EMBs). The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) in blood, and SOD, GR and lactoperoxidase (LPO) in milk were determined. Total antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ABTS assays), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PCs) were also measured. Milk fatty acid profile was investigated by gas chromatography. The results showed higher antioxidant capacity measured by FRAP or ABTS assays and a reduction in MDA in GM plasma than CON. All by‐products enhanced the protection of milk proteins by oxidation, as evidenced by lower values of PCs compared with CON. GM supplementation increased PUFAn‐6, due to increase in C18:2n‐6, the main component of GM compared with CON. All by‐products did not modify the nutritional indexes of milk fat. In conclusion, dietary GM may enhance protection against oxidative condition of dairy ewes, whereas TP and EMB need further research to define the optimum inclusion level in sheep diet.
Genetic variants of innate immunity receptors are associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infection
Authors: Schaapman Jelte J. , Amoros Àlex , van der Reijden Johan J. , Laleman Wim , Zeuzem Stefan , Bañares Rafael , Jalan Rajiv , Arroyo Vicente , Clària Joan , Verspaget Hein W. , Coenraad Minneke J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by acute decompensation of cirrhosis (AD), organ failure(s) and high risk of short‐term mortality with bacterial infection frequently as precipitating event. Innate immune pattern recognition receptors and members of the lectin pathway of complement activation are crucial to the innate immune response to pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of innate immune components are associated with the occurrence of bacterial infections or mortality in patients with cirrhosis hospitalized for AD or ACLF.MethodsTwenty‐one innate immunity SNPs with known functional implications were genotyped in 826 AD/ACLF patients included in the CANONIC study. Associations between baseline characteristics of the patients, the occurrence of bacterial infections and survival rate at 90 days of follow‐up in relation to the innate immunity genetic variants were analysed.ResultsThe NOD2‐G908R genetic variant was associated with mortality (HR 2.25, P = .004) independently of age and MELD Score. This association was also found in a predefined subgroup analysis in patients with bacterial infections (HR 2.78, P < .001) along with MBL_Yx (HR 1.72, P = .008) and MASP2_371 (HR 1.67, P = .012) genetic variants. None of the analysed SNPs were significantly associated with the occurrence of acute bacterial infections or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in particular.ConclusionsInnate immune system‐specific NOD2‐G908R, MBL_Yx and MASP2_371 genetic variants were independently associated with increased risk of short‐term mortality in AD/ACLF patients with bacterial infection.
Ashwagandha‐induced liver injury: A case series from Iceland and the US Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Network
Authors: Björnsson Helgi K. , Björnsson Einar S. , Avula Bharathi , Khan Ikhlas A. , Jonasson Jon G. , Ghabril Marwan , Hayashi Paul H. , Navarro Victor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsAshwagandha (Withania somnifera) is widely used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine. Several dietary supplements containing ashwagandha are marketed in the US and Europe, but only one case of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) due to ashwagandha has been published. The aim of this case series was to describe the clinical phenotype of suspected ashwagandha‐induced liver injury.MethodsFive cases of liver injury attributed to ashwagandha‐containing supplements were identified; three were collected in Iceland during 2017‐2018 and two from the Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) in 2016. Other causes for liver injury were excluded. Causality was assessed using the DILIN structured expert opinion causality approach.ResultsAmong the five patients, three were males; mean age was 43 years (range 21‐62). All patients developed jaundice and symptoms such as nausea, lethargy, pruritus and abdominal discomfort after a latency of 2‐12 weeks. Liver injury was cholestatic or mixed (R ratios 1.4‐3.3). Pruritus and hyperbilirubinaemia were prolonged (5‐20 weeks). No patient developed hepatic failure. Liver tests normalized within 1‐5 months in four patients. One patient was lost to follow‐up. One biopsy was performed, showing acute cholestatic hepatitis. Chemical analysis confirmed ashwagandha in available supplements; no other toxic compounds were identified. No patient was taking potentially hepatotoxic prescription medications, although four were consuming additional supplements, and in one case, rhodiola was a possible causative agent along with ashwagandha.ConclusionsThese cases illustrate the hepatotoxic potential of ashwagandha. Liver injury is typically cholestatic or mixed with severe jaundice and pruritus, but self‐limited with liver tests normalizing in 1‐5 months.
Biogeochemical characterization, phosphorus sources and intrinsic drivers to its speciation within the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria
Authors: Guya Fredrick Jared 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLake Victoria, like many African great lakes, was formed through tectonic activity that formed East African Rift Valley. The lake's ecology has undergone dramatic reorganization dating back to the 1920s, before agricultural mechanization and high urban populations were observed, transforming from it from a desirable to less desirable state. The present study was conducted to better understand Nyanza Gulf's biogeochemical characteristics, phosphorus sources and the driving forces to their speciation. Five littoral‐limnetic‐littoral transects were sampled for water‐associated phosphorus (soluble reactive phosphorus, SRP; total phosphorus, TPW); sediment‐associated phosphorus (non‐apatite inorganic phosphorus. NAIP); apatite phosphorus, AP; inorganic phosphorus, IP; organic phosphorus, OP; total phosphorus, TPS); elemental compositions (calcium, Ca; iron, Fe; aluminium, Al; manganese, Mn); organic matter (OM); and organic carbon (OC) contents in the sediment. The SRP and TPW concentrations ranged from 22.9 to 142.9 μg/L, and 57.1 to 277.1 μg/L, respectively. The littoral sampling sites exhibited relatively higher TPW concentrations than the limnetic sites. Sheltered bays and sites located off sewerage discharge points had higher NAIP concentrations exceeding 400 mg/kg, compared with strong current areas. The AP and TPS concentrations ranged from 136.7 to 1,511.3 mg/kg, and 512.5 to 2,254.4 mg/kg, respectively. The AP and TPS concentrations were generally higher (>500 mg/kg) within the littoral zones compared to the limnetic zones; with the littoral sites located close to documented carbonatite rock substrates manifesting exceptionally high concentrations. Nyanza Gulf's eutrophic/hypertrophic status is derived highly from shoreline erosions of phosphorus‐enriched carbonatite rocks associated with rift valleys and from municipal sewerage discharges. Re‐afforestation, fringing wetland restorations and tertiary treatment of municipal waste waters are vital for its ecological restoration.
U‐Pb dating of zircons from an impact melt of the Nördlinger Ries crater
Authors: Schwarz Winfried H. , Hanel Michael , Trieloff Mario 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn situ U‐Pb measurements on zircons of the Ries impact crater are presented for three samples from the quarry at Polsingen. The U‐Pb data of most zircons plot along a discordia line, leading to an upper intercept of Carboniferous age (331 ± 32 Ma [2σ]). Four zircons define a concordia age of 313.2 ± 4.4 Ma (2σ). This age most probably represents the age of a granite from the basement target rocks. From granular textured zircon grains (including baddeleyite and anatase/Fe‐rich phases, first identified in the Ries crater), most probably recrystallized after impact (13 analyses, 4 grains), a concordia age of 14.89 ± 0.34 Ma (2σ) and an error weighted mean 206Pb*/238U age of Ma 14.63 ± 0.43 (2σ) is derived. Including the youngest concordant ages of five porous textured zircon grains (24 spot analyses), a concordia age of 14.75 ± 0.22 Ma (2σ) and a mean 206Pb*/238U age of 14.71 ± 0.26 Ma (2σ) can be calculated. These results are consistent with previously published 40Ar/39Ar ages of impact glasses and feldspar. Our results demonstrate that even for relatively young impact craters, reliable U‐Pb ages can be obtained using in situ zircon dating by SIMS. Frequently the texture of impact shocked zircon grains is explained by decomposition at high temperatures and recrystallization to a granular texture. This is most probably the case for the observed granular zircon grains having baddeleyite/anatase/Fe‐rich phases. We also observe non‐baddeleyite/anatase/Fe‐rich phase bearing zircons. For these domains, reset to crater age is more frequently for high U,Th contents. We tentatively explain the higher susceptibility to impact resetting of high U,Th domains by enhanced Pb loss and mobilization due to higher diffusivity within former metamict domains that were impact metamorphosed more easily into porous as well as granular textures during decomposition and recrystallization, possibly supported by Pb loss during postimpact cooling and/or hydrothermal activity.
Lateral roots, in addition to adventitious roots, form a barrier to radial oxygen loss in Zea nicaraguensis and a chromosome segment introgression line in maize
Authors: Pedersen Ole , Nakayama Yohei , Yasue Hiroki , Kurokawa Yusuke , Takahashi Hirokazu , Heidi Floytrup Anja , Omori Fumie , Mano Yoshiro , David Colmer Timothy , Nakazono Mikio 
Published: January 2020

Summary

Plants typically respond to waterlogging by producing new adventitious roots with aerenchyma and many wetland plants form a root barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL), but it was not known if this was also the case for lateral roots.

We tested the hypothesis that lateral roots arising from adventitious roots can form a ROL barrier, using root‐sleeving electrodes and O2 microsensors to assess ROL of Zea nicaraguensis, the maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) introgression line with a locus for ROL barrier formation (introgression line (IL) #468) from Z. nicaraguensis and a maize inbred line (Mi29).

Lateral roots of Z. nicaraguensis and IL #468 both formed a ROL barrier under stagnant, deoxygenated conditions, whereas Mi29 did not. Lateral roots of Z. nicaraguensis had higher tissue O2 status than for IL #468 and Mi29. The ROL barrier was visible as suberin in the root hypodermis/exodermis. Modelling showed that laterals roots can grow to a maximum length of 74 mm with a ROL barrier, but only to 33 mm without a barrier.

Presence of a ROL barrier in lateral roots requires reconsideration of the role of these roots as sites of O2 loss, which for some species now appears to be less than hitherto thought.
Association between malocclusion and orofacial myofunctional disorders of pre‐school children in Latvia
Authors: Priede Dace , Roze Baiba , Parshutin Sergei , Arkliņa Dace , Pircher Julia , Vaska Inga , Folkmanis Valdis , Tzivian Lilian , Henkuzena Ieva 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectsAbnormal use of muscles of tongue and lips is called orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the interrelation between occlusal findings and OMD in primary and mixed dentition and to find out the reasons for malocclusions, and the effect modification of these associations by the number of sources that parents used to receive the information on child oral health issues (NSI).Setting and sample populationCross‐sectional study was performed in one kindergarten in Latvia (cluster sampling). The study sample comprised 141 children‐mothers’ pairs of pre‐school children aged 4‐7 years.Materials and methodsChildren’ myofunctional situation, occlusion and speech defects were assessed during an examination. Children's mothers were interviewed on their socio‐demographic situation, feeding and habits of the child, history of diseases and NSI. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for lip power, swallowing, breathing and speech cases of long respiratory diseases, age and gender were built to investigate associations between the types of occlusion and OMD/health characteristics. Effect modification of these associations by NSI was analysed.ResultsTypes of occlusion associated with OMD/health characteristics were as follows: normal occlusion with prolonged respiratory diseases (odds ratio, OR = 0.345 [95% confidence interval, CI 0.16; 0.75]); combined type with tongue thrust habits (OR = 3.11 [0.99; 9.90]), lip‐closing strength (OR = 0.99 [0.98; 0.99]); and cross‐bite with speech (OR = 3.55 [1.07; 11.78]). These associations remained stable when parents used two or less sources of information on children's oral health.ConclusionsTo facilitate occlusal stability, early interdisciplinary examinations should be performed to prevent time‐consuming and cost‐consuming treatment.
Characterizing calcinosis cutis in a pediatric population
Authors: Whitlock Ross , Chiu Yvonne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesCalcinosis cutis is the abnormal deposition of calcium in the skin and subcutis. There is currently a paucity of data surrounding pediatric calcinosis cutis. The objective of this study is to characterize calcinosis cutis in a pediatric cohort.MethodsA single‐institution retrospective cohort study was performed over a 5.5‐year period.ResultsThirty cases were identified. Calcinosis cutis was found to be more common in men (63%), with a younger median age of onset (5 years) compared to women (10 years). Dystrophic calcinosis cutis (43%) was the most common type in the study population, though idiopathic calcinosis cutis (37%) was nearly as common. No cases of metastatic calcinosis cutis were found.ConclusionsThe etiology of calcinosis cutis in the study population was found to be similar to that identified in adults with the exception of metastatic calcinosis cutis, which was not seen in our cohort. Previous recommendations using laboratory testing to diagnose this disease process might not be as critical as previously thought.
Colecistitis calculosa aguda
Authors: Angarita Fernando A. , Acuña Sergio A. , Jimenez Carolina , Garay Javier , Gömez David , Domínguez Luis Carlos 
Published: January 2020

La colecistitis calculosa aguda es la causa más importante de colecistectomías en el mundo. En esta revisión de tema se resume la fisiopatología del proceso inflamatorio de la vesículabiliar secundaria a la obstrucción de la vía biliar, así como sus manifestaciones clínicas, enfermedades de la vesícula biliar, colecistitis aguda, colecistectomíaestudios diagnósticos y su manejo médico-quirúrgico.