bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic tests of small sized devices of recycled water-cooling
Authors: Bondar K E , Ivanov S P , Laponov S V , Ibragimov I G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There is given a method of aerodynamic resistance coefficient determination of small-sized devices sprinklers of recycled water-cooling (mini cooling towers) in this article. Mini cooling towers are widely used at systems of recycled water supply in enterprises, because it are mobile, services a specific technological units or apparatuses, have a less energy intensity, more effective and safety unlike of oversized. There was compared two types of mini cooling towers in this labor: small-sized cooling tower with twisted air flow and with counter current flow. Also was developed and made the experimental unit for carry out of aerodynamic tests. The experiments on determination of aerodynamic resistance coefficient carried out depending on air flow rate in the interval from 0.5 to 3 m/s and irrigation density from 0 to 12 m3/(m2h). It shown that the sprinkler OB-65 (for mini cooling towers with twisted air flow, with diameter mesh casings 65mm) have more high aerodynamic resistance coefficient than the sprinkler OGGT-65 (for mini cooling towers with counter current flow with diameter mesh casings 65 mm) at the equal parameters of the experiment. Obtained coefficients of aerodynamic resistance of sprinklers in the mini cooling towers with the twisted air flow and with counter current flow approximated by the method of least squares and are presented as linear dependences in logarithmic coordinates of aerodynamic resistance and Reynolds number. It known that the coefficient of aerodynamic resistance is determine by common relation A/ReK.
Design of compact coupler in marine communication systems with uneven power split
Authors: Khiem N K , Hung L Q 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The work provides for a theoretical study of the coupler in marine communication systems - design and its main characteristics, computer simulation of a compact coupler. The coupler geometry has been redesigned to provide 1 GHz operating frequency and compact size. Artificial transmission lines were installed. Optimization yielded the most similar characteristics of a compact device with the characteristics of a standard device. The area of the device has been reduced by 76.25%.
On the problem of predicting meantime between failures on the basis of data from automated testing of on-board software components
Authors: Kovalev I V , Saramud M V , Losev V V , Testoyedov N A , Karaseva M V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article considers the problem of reducing costs for the development and maintenance of software components. The possibilities of reusing software components and as the result the need for their testing are considered. A method of the repeated testing is proposed. It allows achieving the required level of testability of software components that reduces time costs. This method is a more detailed investigation of the neighborhood of the identified failures and the elimination of already verified areas. The software implementation of the repeated testing method in the framework of the Integrated Development Environment developed by the authors is considered. The presented tool allows designers to automate the re-testing procedure partially. It is possible to predict the time of occurrence of the next error based on the data on the detected errors while testing. It is essentially the time between failures. A de-eutrophication model for predicting the mean time between failures and a software tool that implements the given model are proposed. The results obtained by testing on the known data set are presented. The models and approaches described in the article help to solve the problem that is confirmed by the results obtained using the developed software tools.
A measuring setup with a differential generator photoionization detector for determining biomarkers in exhaled gas
Authors: Ivanova Natalya I , Sidorov Konstantin V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the development of a differential generator photoionization detector that is capable of determining the concentration of biomarkers in the exhaled gas of a person. There is a description of the differential generator photoionization detector design, its principle of operation. The authors consider the possibility of using a differential generator photoionization detector in a measuring setup designed to determine the concentration of biomarkers during respiration to detect gastrointestinal diseases. The paper presents a setup diagram and describes its operation and elements. The possibility of using the setup for determining the ammonia concentration in the range of 10–200 ppm and measuring the hexane concentration in the range of 0.5–1 ppb to a precision of ±10% has been experimentally confirmed.
Three-dimensional thermal calculation of the radiant chamber of a box-type tubular oven
Authors: Sadykov A V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses three-dimensional stationary task of radiation-convective heat exchange under conditions of combustion of gaseous fuel. To solve the problem, a differential method is used. A set of programs implementing a differential method is used for numerical studies of the spatial distribution of temperature, averaged values of the turbulent flow rates of flue gases in the radiant chamber of a tubular furnace of the box type. The diagram of the furnace with injection burners located on the roof of the radiation chamber, differential equations describing the physical processes in the furnace are given. Discrete analogues of storage equations are obtained by the control volume method. Difference grid of “chess” type is used. To solve the radiation transfer equation, the discrete ordinate method is used. The obtained distributions of surface densities of heat flows to the heating surface are shown. The average velocity of combustion products is plotted.
The calculation of the wavelengths of natural electromagnetic oscillations of a cell
Authors: Kharlanov Aleksandr V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The equations for calculations of wavelengths of natural electromagnetic oscillations of a spherical cell were obtained. The cell is considered as a spherical resonator filled with an isotropic dielectric. New way to solve Helmholtz equation was obtained. The results of calculations of resonant wavelengths of a cell depending on their size and dielectric permittivity are presented. The calculation shows that the value of the maximum critical wavelengths lie within the submillimeter range.
Methods of comparative analysis
Authors: Bolbakov R G , Sinitsyn A V , Tsvetkov V Ya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article researches methods of comparison: object comparison and property comparison. It reveals the content of qualitative and quantitative comparison methods; shows the difference between the qualitative and quantitative comparison estimate; introduces analytical concept of “comparison operator” (the example of a comparison operator shows the Trinitarian essence of comparative operations); shows that comparison is carried out in all four measurement scales; reveals the content and features of one-parameter and multi-parameter comparison methods. The one-parameter comparison allows for obtaining stable general qualitative and quantitative comparison estimates. The multi-parameter comparison allows for obtaining general qualitative estimates and partial quantitative comparison estimates. Both comparison methods are based on the Trinitarian model. This article describes the application of nomothetic and ideographic approaches for multi-parameter comparison, and explains that the nomothetic and ideographic methods of cognition complement each other. The article proves the necessity of using Trinitarian models as a basis for comparison to replace dyadic models.
The influence of aggressive environmental factors on the corrosion-mechanical wear and the risk of depressurization of oil field pipelines
Authors: Elagina O Yu , Nakonechaya K V , Prygaev A K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The work is devoted to assessing the risk of depressurization of field pipelines operating under the conditions of the combined action of a corrosive environment and mechanical impurities. For a comparative assessment of the contribution of the corrosion factor to the fracture process, studies have been carried out on the development of corrosion processes on 20A and 09G2S steels in field media of different aggressiveness. The rate of destruction of the pipe metal under the influence of mechanical impurities was studied using the adapted ASTM G65 methodology, which makes it possible to evaluate the complex effect of corrosion and mechanical factors. Based on the data obtained during the study, equations were derived that characterize changes in the corrosion rate depending on the value of the hydrogen index (pH), degree of mineralization, CO2 content and temperature of the production medium and the content of solids. Using the obtained dependences, a methodology was developed for predicting the risk of depressurization of field pipelines depending on the composition of the transported medium and the dynamics of its change during field development. Application of the developed methodology will allow assessing the risks of depressurization under the influence of corrosion-mechanical factors in the design of oil field pipelines.
Snowbreak fence modelling
Authors: Tsvetkov V Ya , Kudzh S A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to study a snowbreak fence model based on standing wave effects. The article offers a new snow protection model based on aerodynamic effects, using the principle of a standing air wave. According to the laws of physics, a standing wave can occur either at the end of a closed pipe or at the end of an open pipe. The standing wave in an open pipe can be calculated by gas dynamics formulae. A similar effect occurs in arranging the snow protection with apertured shields. The results of a model experiment are presented to justify the retention of snow masses before the apertured shield. Two options of shields were considered, namely, standard and modified. The modified option was found more effective.
Methodology for assessing external losses of repair enterprises of the agro-industrial complex when implementing a quality management system
Authors: Leonov O A , Temasova G N , Malykha E F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The problem of assessing the cost of quality when creating a quality management system at technical service enterprises in the agro-industrial complex is very relevant. To date, there is no generally accepted methodology for assessing these costs. The problem of assessing external losses is especially relevant, since external losses are associated with inconsistencies discovered by the consumer, and the consequence of this will be economic losses and a decrease in demand due to the poor quality of a product or service. We have developed a methodology for assessing external losses for repair enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. The method for assessing external losses is based on a process approach, that is, losses are estimated separately for each process. This allows you to identify process inconsistencies and take action to reduce the risk of their occurrence in the future. We also tested the methodology and estimated external losses during the repair of YaMZ engines.
Measurement risk management method at machine-building enterprises
Authors: Leonov O A , Shkaruba N Zh , Kataev Yu V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Issues related to ensuring the quality of measurements in mechanical engineering has been discussed. The purpose of work on metrological support of measurements at machine-building enterprises have been defined. As an effective tool for improving the quality and effectiveness of measurement processes within the metrological support system, it has been proposed to develop and implement a risk management process. The theoretical foundations of the risk management process have been analyzed and the five main stages of this process. The risks of the system of metrological support of measurements has been formulated and possible consequences of risks have been determined. Taking into account the peculiarities of measurement processes, a special method for managing measurement risks has been developed. The methodology includes: selecting an object for risk management of measurement processes, calculating economic losses from errors caused by the influence of measurement errors (errors of the 1st and 2nd kind), ranking measurement processes depending on the magnitude of possible economic losses and the probability of their occurrence, and developing measures to reduce risk.
Environmental safety of livestock facilities
Authors: Simbirskikh E S 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe relevance of the problem of environmental protection in agriculture is increasing in modern conditions due to the processes of pollution of natural resources used in agricultural production, industrial, construction and other non-agricultural enterprises. These pollutants lead to a decrease in soil fertility and productivity, deterioration of the quality of water and the atmosphere, and damage crop and livestock production, which leads to a loss of agricultural products and deterioration of their quality. And the very activity of livestock facilities is accompanied by the release of various pollutants (including greenhouse gases) into the air, the consumption of large volumes of drinking water and the discharge of pollutants into water bodies as part of wastewater, the formation and placement of a large amount of organic waste. The article offers a list of measures to reduce the polluting influence of livestock complexes on the surrounding area.
Impact of compression shock loads on buried pipelines
Authors: Egorov Anton V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Topical issues of interaction of metal pipes with subsoil in the structures of hidden (underground) main pipelines serving for transporting oil or gas are considered. The shock loading of pipes from the subsoil side, caused by seismic earth movements, was investigated. The loading consists of the total compacting pressure and the force local pressure. The calculations were carried out in order to establish a possibility of local buckling of the pipe (pipe wall buckling). The problem was solved in real time, taking into account the bulk of the pipe– subsoil structure and technological deviations. A 3D finite element model of the structure with unilateral constraint along the surface of the pipe-and-subsoil contact has been developed, which is presented in the form of a thick-walled cylinder. The pipe is considered as an elastoplastic body; the subsoil is considered as linearly elastic. The calculations were performed using the LS-DYNA software package in a nonlinear dynamic formulation. Numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of the steel pipe – subsoil structure showed that there were critical loads at which the pipe wall buckles. It is concluded that it is necessary to carry out dynamic calculations of buried pipelines located in seismically active regions.
The intelligent system for daily nuclear power plants loading control
Authors: Shishkin V A , Danilov A D , Gusev K Yu , Gusev P Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The average share of nuclear generation in a power balance of Russia approximates 20%, in some parts of a power supply system of the country the contribution of the nuclear power plants (NPP) significantly above. NPP output is increasing (despite the decommissioning of RBMK units) and is provided by the commissioning of capacities of new advanced generation III+ units operating under the Power Delivery Program (power supply contracts). Power unit No. 4 of Beloyarsk NPP, No. 6 and 7 of Novovoronezh NPP, and No. 5 of Leningrad NPP have been commissioned recently. The power unit №6 on the Leningrad NPP will be put into operation in 2020. The dynamic construction of VVER-TOI at Kursk site is underway. An increase in the share of power generated by a nuclear power plant leads to the need for their regulation and frequency response in accordance with the daily load pattern and management of emergency situations in power systems. This means that operation of NPP power units in a load following mode to ensure the stable operation of the power system is a resent challenge. The paper analyzes the existing possibilities of daily control of the plant load, and also proposes to arrange a system of daily loading control of nuclear power plants based on the experience gained.
Theoretical foundations of the application of intergroup interchangeability of the “piston - cylinder liner” connections in the overhaul of engines
Authors: Shkaruba N , Leonov O , Temasova G , Golinitskiy P , Antonova U 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article proves that when using ten selection groups instead of five for engines of the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, an additional wear margin will appear, equal to 12 microns. This will not only lead to an increase in the durability of the connections, but also have a positive effect on such parameters as oil consumption for waste, compression, power, noise, etc. This technology of doubling the selection groups will significantly reduce or completely eliminate work-in-progress, since it is possible to use intergroup interchangeability. Despite the labor costs, with group sorting, it pays off, since the low cost of control pays off with the high quality of the connections.
Prospective recovery of rare earth elements from waste
Authors: Kashurin R R , Gerasev S A , Litvinova T E , Zhadovskiy I T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article provides the fundamental possibility of the associated extraction of Rare Earth Metals during carbonate conversion of phosphogypsum and red muds. There are the isotherms of solubility of carbonates, phosphates and hydroxides of europium, neodymium, holmium, cerium, and ytterbium obtained in carbonate solutions. By changing the carbonation conditions, Rare Earth Elements are transferred to a carbonate solution in the form of water-soluble complexes. Then they can be recovered by precipitation. Also, there were found the optimum conditions with the maximum degree of recovery into the solution.
The optimal profile of wind generator blade modelling with CFD-method
Authors: Khudoyarov Vadim , Samsonenko Dmitry , Nikulin Artyom , Barbashov Nikolai , Abdullina Leila 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Using of renewable energy sources, instead of traditional oil, gas and coal, is the one of the ways by which it’s possible to hold global warming mechanisms. One of these sources is the wind energy and the device-transformer for it is the wind generator. This paper deals with the problem of the optimal wind generator blade design which allows getting the device efficiency maximum. The alternative wind generators realisations and their advantages are showed in the work. The numerical methods for fluid dynamic equations solving were applied for the optimal profile definition. The advantages of this way were showed, also the model, which was the best fitted for the concerned conditions, was chosen. Modelling was realized in ANSYS Fluent. The results were compared with the real wind generations data.
The analysis the use of intelligent electric networks and Smart Grid systems
Authors: Lukovenko A S , Kukartsev V V , Semenova E I , Leonteva A A , Gek D K , Shagaeva O A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Currently, much awareness is paid to the effects of smart grids on efficiency of power systems and energy districts, and the selection of suitable operating modes for equipment for transmitting electric energy. Modern intelligent networks have an impact on ensuring a stable state of power system operation modes, increasing their reliability in operation, and increasing the quality of electric energy. The article analyzes the use of intelligent electrical networks and intelligent network systems in both Western countries and the Russian Federation. Statistical data on electricity consumption and forecast values for this rate of consumption are given. In the future, until 2020-2025, there will be a gradual transition to a new type of electric grid organization - smart grids. The use of electric power systems in conjunction with innovative digital information management systems will significantly change the technical and economic characteristics of future power systems in a positive way. The comparison of technical parameters of traditional and intelligent electric networks, as well as the classification of the main groups of devices controlled (flexible) by AC power transmission systems is carried out. Systems are divided according to the principle of power regulation. Implemented projects of using flexible alternative current transmission system devices in the world are presented. As a result of the analysis, it was found that China is actively developing managed (flexible) AC power transmission systems, with a large amount of investment from the state, the volume of investment is much larger and amounts to about $ 70 billion per year.
Methodological approaches to increase the fault tolerance of software system in multiversion environments
Authors: Losev V V , Kovalev I V , Saramud M V , Testoyedov N A , Lifar A S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article considers the approach to develop of adaptive n-variant software based on versioning. The technological process is presented as a model of functionality. This article proposes approach based on the segmentation of versions functionality. Note that approach is aimed at increasing the unit algorithmic fullness of the version. It is shown that spatially-distributed architecture of model is formed using the proposed approach. The article presents approach to form logical functional levels that is focused on prioritization of functional tasks taking into account the system operational needs.
Effects of drip irrigation regimes on growth, quality plum seedlings, and water use efficiency in European Russia
Authors: Dubenok N N , Gemonov A V , Lebedev A V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Currently, there is a lack of capacity in Russia nursery breeding, as a result of which a significant part of the planting material comes from abroad. Drip irrigation is one of the types of resource-saving technologies that make it possible to intensify agricultural production, including in the field of growing planting material for horticulture. The results of the experiment show that for a more rational use of irrigation water and obtaining high-quality planting material of plums in the nursery, it is recommended to use an irrigation regime with maintaining soil moisture in the range of 70-90 and 80-100% of the lowest moisture capacity with a soaking depth in the first year of 30 cm, for the second year - 40 cm, and in the third year - 50 cm. With this irrigation regime, the maximum development of seedlings, their quality and quantity are observed.
Mathematical simulation of the reactor for the ethylbenzene to styrene dehydrogenation reaction
Authors: Solovev S A , Soloveva O V , Gilmurahmanov B Sh , Lamberov A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, we carried out a numerical simulation of an industrial reactor of a radial type with a fixed catalyst bed for the process of ethylbenzene to styrene dehydrogenation. We solved the problem in the approximation of two-dimensional axial symmetry. The parameters of the chemically reacting gas mixture movement in the catalyst bed are considered. The reactor zones which have a negative impact on the reaction efficiency have been determined.