bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of wood processing industry waste for bitumen modification
Authors: Turobova M A , Danilov V E , Ayzenshtadt A M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper provides information about the method of obtaining a modifying additive to bitumen, including wood filler. The pore space of the filler contains a basalt reinforcing filler with an average particle size of 150-300 nm. Scots pine bark with an average particle size of 0.5-1 mm was used as a wood filler. The modifying additive was obtained by mixing fine basalt (30 % by weight) and wood bark. After careful mixing for 5 minutes, water was added, the mass of which is twice more than the calculated mass of the reinforced bark. Then the mixture was homogenized. The use of an additive for the preparation of a bituminous binder improves the thermal and physical characteristics of the organic binder (softening temperature and brittleness temperature). In comparison with other traditional stabilizing additives, the use of the proposed composition for the preparation of a bituminous binder also improves the thermal and physical characteristics of the organic binder, such as the brittleness temperature. A decrease in the brittleness temperature of the mixture indicates an increase in the frost resistance of the modified organic binder. For other characteristics, the modifying additive has a comparable effect on the properties of the binder with traditionally used materials.
Method of calculation and selection of design parameters and operational characteristics of the spiral expander
Authors: Sergeev S V , Nikulin I S , Saenko M Yu , Titenko A A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper proposes a method for calculating the main design parameters and operational characteristics of the HPEC using the Helmholtz equations of state. N-pentane, freon R11, and acetone were considered as the working fluid. The calculations were performed using the CoolProp 6.3.0 library. It was found that the most profitable for HPEC operating on the Rankin cycle with low-potential sources is n-pentane. LD expander operation and mass flow rate of the working fluid are calculated. The calculations were performed using the freely distributed open source library CoolProp 6.3.0. The calculations show that the most profitable WF for HPEC running on the Rankin cycle with low-potential sources is n-pentane. It is determined that the increase in costs when the temperature decreases before the SD is due to a decrease in the level of operation of the Lд expander, which in turn depends on the value of the steam enthalpy at the entrance to the ex-pander.
Determination of thermal conductivity of backfill
Authors: Churkin S V , Korshunov A A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Shallow foundations with thermal insulation can be used in the construction of low-rise buildings. Thermal insulation prevents freezing of soils under the foundation. The article presents the results of determining the thermal conductivity of sand with the addition of crushed brick and concrete rubble. The research was carried out in a specially designed unit, which consists of two climatic chambers connected to each other. The soil sample is maintained into the special cell. Heat flow and temperature sensors are placed in the soil sample. Before soil testing a numerical simulation of laboratory test was implemented in GeoStudio. Due to numerical modelling optimal dimensions of testing cell was defined. Results of laboratory testing of sand with a known thermal conductivity with using designed parameters of cell has a good agreement with calculated value. The test procedure was extended to soils with construction waste. The addition of 20% crushed brick to the sand reduces its thermal conductivity coefficient by 20.6% in the frozen state and by 10.1% in the thawed state. At the same time sand with concrete rubble showed a decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient in the frozen state by 6.4% and an increase by 13.4% in thaw. The effect is occurred because of the addition of particles of different mineralogical composition with different thermal conductivity. The results of testing can be used in making forecast of the thermal regime of soil stratum when designing shallow foundations.
Improvement of the design of the aeration device of the pneumatic chamber pump
Authors: Lozovaya S Yu , Fadin Yu M , Gavrilenko A V , Gavrilenko Yu V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The production of building materials is a complex technological process involving the processing of raw materials with various physical and mechanical properties, as well as using a variety of degrees of complexity of technological equipment and auxiliary mechanisms. High-pressure pneumatic transport has found application in construction, refractory, chemical and other industries. It is widely used for transportation of fine-grained bulk materials such as cement, alumina, soda, apatite, ash, clay, synthetic products, mineral fertilizers. The process of pneumatic transportation occurs due to the action of compressed air on the material being moved. However, at the same time, as a rule, there are through channels in the material layer, which leads to an increased consumption of compressed air, part of the unloaded material remains at the bottom of the pump chamber, which reduces productivity. Due to the fact that some fluidizing devices can form through channels in the material layer and given the large volumes of material being transported, it is necessary to solve issues to improve the efficiency of pneumatic chamber pumps and reduce the consumption of compressed air required for transporting bulk materials. This can be achieved by organizing effective fluidization of the material, that is, uniform mixing of the transported material with air.
Method of designing robotic complexes with relative manipulation modules
Authors: Gaponenko E V , Anciferov S I , Kholoshevskaya L R , Kuzmina V S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper offers a method for designing robotic complexes with six degrees of freedom for processing complex parts containing a base and a module for installing tools and a module for processing parts placed on it, made in the form of parallel structure mechanisms, using CAD/CAM/CAE of the NX system under the control of the Teamcenter PLM system. Based on the terms of reference and draft documentation, a preliminary composition of the complex for components of the upper level of the assembly was developed. The stages of designing an electronic-digital model of a robotic complex are presented. A fully parameterized control structure was developed, which is the basis for building robotic complexes of various classes. The use of this approach allows the designer to reduce the complexity of designing similar complexes and simplify the process of making changes, as all changes are made to one part of the product, which has many versions. The application of the developed design methodology for various versions of robotic systems is shown. An algorithm for strength calculation of the assembly is presented. It is shown that the most effective result can be achieved only by using a combined design and calculation methodology.
Temperature modification of diatomite sludge of oil extraction production at obtaining a sorbent
Authors: Starostina I V , Makridina Yu L , Sapronova Zh A , Bomba I V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of the most widely used methods of water treatment is adsorption. The use of agricultural waste is of great interest in obtaining economical and efficient sorption materials. In this paper, the features of temperature modification of diatomite sludge are studied. Diatomite sludge is a multi-tonnage waste of oil extraction production formed during the purification of sunflower oil with diatomite. The kinetics of thermal activation of diatomite sludge at temperatures of 450, 500, and 600 °C was studied. It was found that the temperature of 450 °C is optimal for thermal modification of waste. In this case, part of the organic compounds is preserved, as with a further increase in temperature, they completely disintegrate into gaseous products. IR spectra and energy dispersion analysis were analyzed, and the structure and physical and chemical properties of diatomite and diatomite sludge were studied before and after heat treatment. It was found that the water extract of the samples, both initial and thermomodified, has a pH close to neutral. With an increase in the firing temperature, a small suspension effect is observed, which means the presence of a charge in the DSH particles in the aqueous medium, which can intensify the convergence of molecules with a positive charge with the surface of the sorbent. The development of methods for the secondary use of agricultural raw material processing waste for wastewater treatment allows solving comprehensively the problems of reducing the anthropogenic load on natural ecosystems, is an urgent task of modern society for environmental protection, and has scientific and practical significance.
TiO2 coatings on the surface of buildings structural elements
Authors: Sirota V V , Zaitsev S V , Limarenko M V , Prochorenkov D S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of the photocatalytic activity of coatings based on titanium dioxide on various structural elements of buildings. Fine-grained lightweight concrete, porcelain stoneware and window glass were used as a base. TiO2 coating was applied by reactive magnetron sputtering. The structure and phase composition of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray phase analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated according to ISO 27448: 2009 and ISO 10678: 2010. The photocatalytic efficiency of the obtained TiO2 coatings on building materials is shown. The data obtained allow us to make a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the application of this method of applying photocatalytic coatings to structural elements of buildings, which will be clarified in the course of future studies.
Synthesis and characterization of properties of zinc coated Thaumatococcus daniellii extracts for solid state application
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Ahiara Ikechukwu M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recent technological inventions focus on the eco-friendly device that would not constitute hazard to immediate environment i.e. both in the short and long term. This research focus on screening bio-semiconductor using synthesized zinc coated Thaumatococcus daniellii extract. The band gap of sample 1 (extract in methanol solution), sample 2 (extract in ethanol solution) and sample 3 (extract in butanol solution) was calculated as 2 eV, 1.67 eV and 2 eV respectively. Also, the low and high Q-transition energy in the ethanol and butanol solution was able to show that the d-shell (d10) of the zinc atom was modified. This modification is a huge possibility of deriving bio-semiconductor from plant extract.
Mild Cognitive Impairment: the Manchester consensus
Authors: Dunne Ross A , Aarsland Dag , O’Brien John T , Ballard Clive , Banerjee Sube , Fox Nick C , Isaacs Jeremy D , Underwood Benjamin R , Perry Richard J , Chan Dennis , Dening Tom , Thomas Alan J , Schryer Jeffrey , Jones Anne-Marie , Evans Alison R , Alessi Charles , Coulthard Elizabeth J , Pickett James , Elton Peter , Jones Roy W , Mitchell Susan , Hooper Nigel , Kalafatis Chris , Rasmussen Jill G C , Martin Helen , Schott Jonathan M , Burns Alistair 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGiven considerable variation in diagnostic and therapeutic practice, there is a need for national guidance on the use of neuroimaging, fluid biomarkers, cognitive testing, follow-up and diagnostic terminology in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI is a heterogenous clinical syndrome reflecting a change in cognitive function and deficits on neuropsychological testing but relatively intact activities of daily living. MCI is a risk state for further cognitive and functional decline with 5–15% of people developing dementia per year. However, ~50% remain stable at 5 years and in a minority, symptoms resolve over time. There is considerable debate about whether MCI is a useful clinical diagnosis, or whether the use of the term prevents proper inquiry (by history, examination and investigations) into underlying causes of cognitive symptoms, which can include prodromal neurodegenerative disease, other physical or psychiatric illness, or combinations thereof. Cognitive testing, neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers can improve the sensitivity and specificity of aetiological diagnosis, with growing evidence that these may also help guide prognosis. Diagnostic criteria allow for a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease to be made where MCI is accompanied by appropriate biomarker changes, but in practice, such biomarkers are not available in routine clinical practice in the UK. This would change if disease-modifying therapies became available and required a definitive diagnosis but would present major challenges to the National Health Service and similar health systems. Significantly increased investment would be required in training, infrastructure and provision of fluid biomarkers and neuroimaging. Statistical techniques combining markers may provide greater sensitivity and specificity than any single disease marker but their practical usefulness will depend on large-scale studies to ensure ecological validity and that multiple measures, e.g. both cognitive tests and biomarkers, are widely available for clinical use. To perform such large studies, we must increase research participation amongst those with MCI.
DeepSSV: detecting somatic small variants in paired tumor and normal sequencing data with convolutional neural network
Authors: Meng Jing , Victor Brandon , He Zhen , Liu Hongde , Jiang Taijiao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It is of considerable interest to detect somatic mutations in paired tumor and normal sequencing data. A number of callers that are based on statistical or machine learning approaches have been developed to detect somatic small variants. However, they take into consideration only limited information about the reference and potential variant allele in both tumor and normal samples at a candidate somatic site. Also, they differ in how biological and technological noises are addressed. Hence, they are expected to produce divergent outputs. To overcome the drawbacks of existing somatic callers, we develop a deep learning-based tool called DeepSSV, which employs a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to learn increasingly abstract feature representations from the raw data in higher feature layers. DeepSSV creates a spatially oriented representation of read alignments around the candidate somatic sites adapted for the convolutional architecture, which enables it to expand to effectively gather scattered evidence. Moreover, DeepSSV incorporates the mapping information of both reference allele-supporting and variant allele-supporting reads in the tumor and normal samples at a genomic site that are readily available in the pileup format file. Together, the CNN model can process the whole alignment information. Such representational richness allows the model to capture the dependencies in the sequence and identify context-based sequencing artifacts. We fitted the model on ground truth somatic mutations and did benchmarking experiments on simulated and real tumors. The benchmarking results demonstrate that DeepSSV outperforms its state-of-the-art competitors in overall F1 score.
Building Collaboration with Child Protection and Domestic and Family Violence Sectors: Trialling a Living Lab Approach
Authors: Wendt Sarah , Bastian Carmela , Jones Michelle 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Collaboration across child protection and domestic and family violence (DFV) sectors have long been sought despite the competing priorities found in these practice fields. This article describes a research partnership that aimed to explore the competing priorities by focusing on how workers interact across child protection and DFV specialist agencies. Using a Living Lab Approach, enabled twelve focus groups with child protection and DFV social workers (n = 100). Thematic analysis was conducted, and it was found that diverse understandings of DFV created tensions when trying to form collaborations. These tensions were often amplified when other intersecting issues were present in family lives such as drug and alcohol and mental health problems. Understandings of Aboriginal cultural safety, and religious and culture impacts for cultural and linguistically diverse families were unintentionally sidelined. However, practitioners also formed common understandings of opportunities to progress and sustain collaboration across the sectors. The Living Lab Approach facilitated the development of a policy and practice guide for child protection to support future work. This has implications for social work practice because the Living Lab Approach enabled a call for a consistent approach to DFV that should be gender sensitive, trauma informed and culturally safe, and collaboration at practitioner, team and organisational levels.
Elevational Changes in Mormon Cricket Life Histories: Minimum Temperature for Nymphal Growth Declines With Elevation
Authors: Srygley Robert B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As the mean temperature and the duration of the growing season decline with elevation, growth of immature insects should initiate at a lower temperature, but it should also be faster to complete development prior to season’s end. Although flightless, Mormon crickets migrate in large aggregations across broad spatial and elevational distances that might limit adaptations to local environments. In addition, selection to be active at cooler temperatures might limit selection to maximize growth rate. I measured growth rate in controlled environments for nymphs from three populations that vary in altitude (87–2,688 m) but are similar in latitude (43.2–45.7°N). Growth rate increased significantly with mean rearing temperature between 22 and 30°C. The intercept of the regression of growth rate on temperature increased with elevation, whereas the slope did not change significantly. For any given rearing temperature, growth rate increased with elevation, which suggests that selection to initiate growth at cooler temperatures did not compromise growth rate. Body mass did not differ between the two lower elevations, whereas the highest elevation population had smaller hatchlings and adults. Critical thermal minimum (base temperature) declined with elevation (0.7°C per 1,000 m), and the degree days were 509 across all elevations. For pest management, a base temperature from midelevation of 15.3°C (60°F) and growing degree days of 509 (equivalent to 916 Fahrenheit-based degree days) are reasonable estimates for applications from sea level to 2,700 m.
Early headgear activator treatment of Class II malocclusion with excessive overjet: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kallunki Jenny , Bondemark Lars , Paulsson Liselotte 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Objectives
To compare early headgear activator treatment of Class II malocclusion with excessive overjet with untreated control subjects in terms of the primary outcomes overjet and overbite as well as the effect regarding oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), lip closure, incidence of trauma, and skeletal changes.

Trial design
Two-arm parallel group single-centre randomized controlled trial.

Material and methods
A total of 60 children (mean age 9.5 years) presenting a Class II malocclusion with excessive overjet were recruited. The trial was designed as intention-to-treat and the participants randomized by an independent person not involved in the trial to either early treatment with headgear activator or to an untreated control group (UG). Dental and skeletal variables as well as registrations of OHRQoL, lip closure, and incidence of trauma were recorded. For the treatment group, data were registered at baseline before treatment and when treatment was finished, corresponding to approximately 2 years. For the UG, registrations were made at baseline and at 11 years of age. Observers were blinded to treatment allocation when assessing outcomes.

Results
Early treatment with headgear activator significantly decreased overjet and improved molar relationship when compared with untreated controls. The effects were primarily due to dentoalveolar changes. Early treatment had no evident effect regarding OHRQoL, lip closure, or incidence of trauma. Lack of cooperation resulted in unsuccessful treatments for 27% of the patients.

Limitations
The trial was a single-centre trial and can thus be less generalizable.

Conclusions
The main treatment effect of early headgear activator treatment of Class II malocclusion with excessive overjet is reduction of overjet.

Trial registration
NCT04508322.
Analysis of disulphide bond linkage between CoA and protein cysteine thiols during sporulation and in spores of Bacillus species
Authors: Zhyvoloup Alexander , Yu Bess Yi Kun , Baković Jovana , Davis-Lunn Mathew , Tossounian Maria-Armineh , Thomas Naam , Tsuchiya Yugo , Peak-Chew Sew Yeu , Wigneshweraraj Sivaramesh , Filonenko Valeriy , Skehel Mark , Setlow Peter , Gout Ivan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Spores of Bacillus species have novel properties, which allow them to lie dormant for years and then germinate under favourable conditions. In the current work, the role of a key metabolic integrator, coenzyme A (CoA), in redox regulation of growing cells and during spore formation in Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis is studied. Exposing these growing cells to oxidising agents or carbon deprivation resulted in extensive covalent protein modification by CoA (termed protein CoAlation), through disulphide bond formation between the CoA thiol group and a protein cysteine. Significant protein CoAlation was observed during sporulation of B. megaterium, and increased largely in parallel with loss of metabolism in spores. Mass spectrometric analysis identified four CoAlated proteins in B. subtilis spores as well as one CoAlated protein in growing B. megaterium cells. All five of these proteins have been identified as moderately abundant in spores. Based on these findings and published studies, protein CoAlation might be involved in facilitating establishment of spores’ metabolic dormancy, and/or protecting sensitive sulfhydryl groups of spore enzymes.
Molecular diversity of coronavirus host cell entry receptors
Authors: Millet Jean K , Jaimes Javier A , Whittaker Gary R 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTCoronaviruses are a group of viruses causing disease in a wide range of animals, and humans. Since 2002, the successive emergence of bat-borne severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 has reinforced efforts in uncovering the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms governing coronavirus cell tropism and interspecies transmission. Decades of studies have led to the discovery of a broad set of carbohydrate and protein receptors for many animal and human coronaviruses. As the main determinant of coronavirus entry, the spike protein binds to these receptors and mediates membrane fusion. Prone to mutations and recombination, spike evolution has been studied extensively. The interactions between spike proteins and their receptors are often complex and despite many advances in the field, there remains many unresolved questions concerning coronavirus tropism modification and cross-species transmission, potentially leading to delays in outbreak responses. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 underscores the need to address these outstanding issues in order to better anticipate new outbreaks. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in the field of coronavirus receptors emphasizing on the molecular and evolutionary processes that underlie coronavirus receptor usage and host range expansion.