bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quand les odeurs se font images (note de recherche)
Authors: de Bonneval Eléonore 
Published: November 2020

Photographe du monde sensible, passionnée par l’univers olfactif et les émotions qu’il appelle, Eléonore de Bonneval recueille témoignages et récits de vie odorants depuis plus de dix ans. Ces histoires ont conduit à la création de plusieurs expositions :Anosmie, vivre sans odorat(2012),Le sens sentimental(2016),Voyages olfactifs(2017) etL’odorat, sens invisible(2018). Dans cette note de recherche, l’auteure-photographe fait dialoguer ses rencontres, partageant sa quête insolite au coeur du quotidien et des petites choses, apparemment, ordinaires.
Manger au Ferlo (Sénégal)
Authors: Ka Abdou 
Published: November 2020

Les villages où l’auteur a recueilli les données alimentaires dont il est question dans cet article se situent dans la zone sylvopastorale et semi-aride du Ferlo, au nord du Sénégal. Les projets de développement et de lutte contre la désertification s’y suivent depuis les années 1970. La population est majoritairement peule, mais certaines familles sont également wolofs ou maures. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique approfondie, l’auteur met en lumière les tensions que suscite l’introduction de produits alimentaires industriels venus de Dakar ou de l’étranger dans ce Ferlo autrefois habitué à l’autosubsistance (mil, lait, plantes alimentaires sauvages). Il insiste sur la valeur symbolique de ces produits, mais aussi sur leurs ambivalences. Ainsi, le riz et le bouillon cube venus de l’extérieur sont tous deux porteurs de risques sanitaires compte tenu de leur apport excessif en sucre et en sel. L’auteur s’interroge en creux sur les nouvelles formes de dépendance alimentaire que cette situation induit.
Assessment of Waste Management Services in Public and Private Facilities at the Three Levels of Healthcare Delivery, in Enugu State
Authors: Chinawa A. T. , Chikaodili N. Onwasigwe , Chinawa J. M. , Asogwa T. C. , Uchegbu K. C. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Improper and uncoordinated healthcare waste management (HCWM) practice exposes the healthcare worker, patients and surrounding communities to several morbidities and mortality from nosocomial infections.
Objectives: This study aims at assessing waste management services in public and private healthcare facilities at the three levels of healthcare delivery in Enugu State.
Methods: A cross-sectional study using quantitative and qualitative data collection methods involving healthcare workers and healthcare facilities (public and private) at the three levels of care in Enugu state. The study comprised of a total of 23 health facilities and 362 health workers drawn from the three levels of healthcare for private and public facilities.
Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Chi-square test was used to compare the proportion of healthcare workers with adequate knowledge of HCWM. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used for statistical calculations. Results: One hundred and eighty (47.5%) of the respondents knew the correct steps for HCWM. Most respondents 355(93.7%) admitted that there is associated risk in handling waste. About 147 (38.8%) sustained injury while they had contact with waste out of which 57(38.8%) have had this injury more than three times. The presence of written strategy was higher in public facilities compared to private facilities (x2 = 1.446; p = 0.485), The access to it was highest in the unit (x2 = 1.027; p = 0.311). The frequency of waste collection was highest on a daily basis in both private and public facilities. Waste measurement and segregation were also observed to be higher in public than private facilities (x2 = 1.434; p = 0.488 and x2 = 1.644; p = 0.440 respectively). More public facilities segregated their waste at source compared to private facilities and this was statistically significant (x2 = 13.875; p = 0.008).
Conclusion: The frequency of waste collection was highest on a daily basis in both private and public facilities. However, waste measurement and segregation were observed to be higher in public than private facilities. More public facilities segregated their waste at source compared to private facilities. There seems to be a gap in communication among those involve in health management waste. The health personnel despite level of education and cadre, have poor knowledge of the risk associated with healthcare waste.
Control the Entire Journey of Pesticide Application on Superhydrophobic Plant Surface by Dynamic Covalent Trimeric Surfactant Coacervation
Authors: Liu Bin , Fan Yaxun , Li Haofei , Zhao Weiwei , Luo Siqi , Wang Hua , Guan Bo , Li Qiaolian , Yue Jiling , Dong Zhichao , Wang Yilin , Jiang Lei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVast wastage of pesticides has caused significant environmental pollution and economic loss, which occurs in any step during the entire process of pesticide application. However, the existing strategies for controlling pesticide losses are step specific. Here, a comprehensive strategy to substantively improve pesticide efficiency on the basis of precise designs from beginning to end is developed. A water‐based coacervate with synthesized imine‐based dynamic covalent trimeric surfactants to synergistically control encapsulation, deposition, retention, and release of pesticides on water‐repellent plants is constructed. The coacervate consists of nanosized networks and abundant tightly bonded water, leading to effective encapsulation of hydrophilic/hydrophobic pesticides. Meanwhile, the network‐like microstructure entangles with the micro/nanostructures of superhydrophobic surface, ensuring complete deposition on superhydrophobic plant surface after high‐speed impact and inhibition of wind/rainwater erosion. Moreover, the CO2‐induced degradative surfactant coacervate determines the precise pesticide release. The dynamic coacervate as an innovative pesticide formula provides a prospective way for pesticide application, and is expected to promote productive and sustainable agriculture.
Plasmonically Modulated Gold Nanostructures for Photothermal Ablation of Bacteria
Authors: Guan Guijian , Win Khin Yin , Yao Xiang , Yang Wensheng , Han Ming‐Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the wide utilization of antibiotics, antibiotic‐resistant bacteria have been often developed more frequently to cause potential global catastrophic consequences. Emerging photothermal ablation has been attracting extensive research interest for quick/effective eradication of pathogenic bacteria from contaminated surroundings and infected body. In this field, anisotropic gold nanostructures with tunable size/morphologies have been demonstrated to exhibit their outstanding photothermal performance through strong plasmonic absorption of near‐infrared (NIR) light, efficient light to heat conversion, and easy surface modification for targeting bacteria. To this end, this review first introduces thermal treatment of infectious diseases followed by photothermal therapy via heat generation on NIR‐absorbing gold nanostructures. Then, the usual synthesis and spectral features of diversified gold nanostructures and composites are systematically overviewed with the emphasis on the importance of size, shape, and composition to achieve strong plasmonic absorption in NIR region. Further, the innovated photothermal applications of gold nanostructures are comprehensively demonstrated to combat against bacterial infections, and some constructive suggestions are also discussed to improve photothermal technologies for practical applications.
A Bioinspired, Sustained‐Release Material in Response to Internal Signals for Biphasic Chemical Sensing in Wound Therapy
Authors: Lai Wing‐Fu , Deng Ryan , He Tingchao , Wong Wing‐Tak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiofluorescence in living entities is a functional process associated with information conveyance; whereas the capacity to respond to internal physiological signals is a unique property of a cell. By integrating these two biological features into materials design, a bioinspired material, namely CPS, is developed. Contrary to conventional luminescent polymeric systems whose emission comes from π‐conjugated structures, this material displays clusterization‐triggered emission. In the preclinical trial on a dermal punch model of tissue repair, it successfully increases the rate of wound closure, reduces inflammatory cell infiltration, and enhances collagen deposition. It can also relay changes in internal chemical signals into changes in its intrinsic luminescence for biphasic chemical sensing to prevent possible occurrence of skin hyperpigmentation caused by minocycline hydrochloride in wound therapy. Together with its ease of fabrication, high biocompatibility, high drug loading efficiency, and high release sustainability, CPS shows high potential to be developed into an intelligent solid‐state device for wound treatment in the future.
New High Donor Electrolyte for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Baek Minsung , Shin Hyuksoo , Char Kookheon , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe unparalleled theoretical specific energy of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries has attracted considerable research interest from within the battery community. However, most of the long cycling results attained thus far relies on using a large amount of electrolyte in the cell, which adversely affects the specific energy of Li–S batteries. This shortcoming originates from the low solubility of polysulfides in the electrolyte. Here, 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone (DMI) is reported as a new high donor electrolyte for Li–S batteries. The high solubility of polysulfides in DMI and its activation of a new reaction route, which engages the sulfur radical (S3•−), enables the efficient utilization of sulfur as reflected in the specific capacity of 1595 mAh g−1 under lean electrolyte conditions of 5 μLelectrolyte mgsulfur−1. Moreover, the addition of LiNO3 stabilizes the lithium metal interface, thereby elevating the cycling performance to one of the highest known for high donor electrolytes in Li–S cells. These engineered high donor electrolytes are expected to advance Li–S batteries to cover a wide range of practical applications, particularly by incorporating established strategies to realize the reversibility of lithium metal electrodes.
Hierarchically Molecular Imprinted Porous Particles for Biomimetic Kidney Cleaning
Authors: Chen Hanxu , Bian Feika , Sun Lingyu , Zhang Dagan , Shang Luoran , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBlood purification by adsorption of excessive biomolecules is vital for maintaining human health. Here, inspired by kidney self‐purification, which removes a number of biomolecules with different sizes simultaneously, hierarchical molecular‐imprinted inverse opal particles integrated with a herringbone microfluidic chip for efficient biomolecules cleaning are presented. The particle possesses combinative porous structure with both surface and interior imprints for the specific recognition of small molecules and biomacromolecules. Additionally, the presence of the herringbone mixer largely improve the adsorption efficiency due to enhanced mixing. Moreover, the inverse opal framework of the particles give rise to optical sensing ability for self‐reporting of the adsorption states. These features, together with its reusability, biosafety, and biocompatibility, make the platform highly promising for clinical blood purification and artificial kidney construction.
Topotactically Transformed Polygonal Mesopores on Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides Exposing Under‐Coordinated Metal Centers for Accelerated Water Dissociation
Authors: Sun Hao , Chen Ling , Lian Yuebin , Yang Wenjuan , Lin Ling , Chen Yufeng , Xu Jiabin , Wang Dan , Yang Xiaoqin , Rümmerli Mark H. , Guo Jun , Zhong Jun , Deng Zhao , Jiao Yan , Peng Yang , Qiao Shizhang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been recognized as potent electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but are lacking in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities due to the sluggish kinetics of water dissociation in alkaline medium. Herein, aiming to simultaneously bolster the HER and OER kinetics, a metal–organic framework (MOF) mediated topotactic transformation tactic is deployed to fabricate holey ternary CoFeNi LDHs on nickel foam, exposing polygonal mesopores with atomistic edge steps and lattice defects. The optimized catalyst requires only an external voltage of 1.49 V to afford the water splitting current density of 10 mA cm−2 apart from the superb electrolytic stability, far surpassing the benchmark Pt/C||RuO2 couple. More importantly, mechanistic investigations utilizing advanced spectroscopies in conjunction with density function theory (DFT) understandings unravel while the synergetic effect among under‐coordinated metal centers lowers the energy barrier of water dissociation, Fe‐doping enables further modulating the d‐band density of states (DOS) of Co and Ni in favor of intermediates binding, thereby promoting the intrinsic HER activity. Operando Raman studies reveal negligible structural change of the LDHs during the HER process, whereas for OER the active sites can quickly turn into oxyhydroxides in the presence of lattice defects and under‐coordinated metal centers.
Elucidating Deviating Temperature Behavior of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes and Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Ràfols‐Ribé Joan , Gracia‐Espino Eduardo , Jenatsch Sandra , Lundberg Petter , Sandström Andreas , Tang Shi , Larsen Christian , Edman Ludvig 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) exhibit different operational modes that render them attractive for complementary applications, but their dependency on the device temperature has not been systematically compared. Here, the effects of a carefully controlled device temperature on the performance of OLEDs and LECs based on two common emissive organic semiconductors are investigated. It is found that the peak luminance and current efficacy of the two OLEDs are relatively temperature independent, whereas, the corresponding LECs exhibit a significant increase by ≈85% when the temperature is changed from 20 to 80 °C. A combination of simulations and measurements reveal that this deviating behavior is consistent with a shift of the emission zone from closer to the transparent anode toward the center of the active material for both the OLEDs and the LECs, which in turn can be induced by a stronger positive temperature dependence of the mobility of the holes than the electrons.
Hierarchical Metal‐Organic Framework Films with Controllable Meso/Macroporosity
Authors: Bo Renheng , Taheri Mahdiar , Liu Borui , Ricco Raffaele , Chen Hongjun , Amenitsch Heinz , Fusco Zelio , Tsuzuki Takuya , Yu Guihua , Ameloot Rob , Falcaro Paolo , Tricoli Antonio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe structuring of the metal‐organic framework material ZIF‐8 as films and membranes through the vapor‐phase conversion of ZnO fractal nanoparticle networks is reported. The extrinsic porosity of the resulting materials can be tuned from 4% to 66%, and the film thickness can be controlled from 80 nm to 0.23 mm, for areas >100 cm2. Freestanding and pure metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) membranes prepared this way are showcased as separators that minimize capacity fading in model Li‐S batteries.
Furrow‐irrigation application efficiency in mid‐southern U.S. conservation tillage systems
Authors: Bryant C.J. , Locke M.A. , Krutz L.J. , Reynolds D.B. , Golden B.R. , Irby T. , Steinriede R.W. , Spencer G.D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractApproximately 80% of mid‐southern U.S. irrigation requirements are supplied through gravity flow delivery systems with inherently low application efficiency. This research was conducted to determine whether the efficiency of furrow‐irrigation systems could be manipulated through conservation tillage systems. Three experiments were conducted near Stoneville, MS, on a Dubbs silt loam to determine the effects of reducing tillage and increasing ground cover residues on irrigation application efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency. In Exp. 1, transitioning from conventional tillage to a conservation tillage system had no adverse effect on irrigation application efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency when subsoiling was included. For Exp. 2, replacing subsoiling with a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) or tillage radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cover crop in a conservation tillage system either had no effect or reduced irrigation application efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency up to 10%. In Exp. 3, independent of cover crop, reducing tillage to only furrow creation had no adverse effect on irrigation application efficiency or irrigation water use efficiency relative to a conservation tillage system with subsoiling. Conservation tillage systems that include subsoiling maximize irrigation application efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency while minimizing adverse effects on yield and net returns relative to conservation tillage systems that further reduce tillage and/or increase ground coverage with cover crops. Our data indicate that soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] producers in the mid‐southern United States maximize furrow‐irrigation functionality, yield, and profitability while minimizing risk by transitioning from a conventional tillage system to a conservation tillage system with subsoiling.
Weed cloth, an option for integrated weed management for short‐duration cassava
Authors: Suja Girija , Sreekumar Janardanan , Byju Gangadharan , Jyothi Alummottil N. , Veena Syamala S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWeeds, a major constraint in cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz), cause 45–75% yield loss. Weed management in short‐duration cassava is unexplored. Field experiment was conducted during 2013–2015 at ICAR‐Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI), Kerala, India, in a split‐plot design. Main plots comprised three short‐duration cassava varieties (H‐165, Sree Vijaya, and Vellayani Hraswa) and subplots five weed control methods, chemical (using pre‐emergence herbicide, oxyfluorfen at 0.2 kg a.i. ha−1on the day of planting), mulching with crop residues and green manure, weed control ground cover cloth (WCGCC), hand‐weeded, and unweeded controls. Weed flora was dominated by broad‐leaved weeds, hog weed or red spiderling (Boerhavia diffusaL.), colored fleabane (Vernonia cinereaL.), red tassel flower [Emilia sonchifolia (L.)], Asian spiderflower or tick weed (Cleome viscosaL.) and the nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), which were absent under WCGCC. Plant height, stem girth, leaf production, tuber biomass, total biomass, crop growth rate, and tuber yield under WCGCC and chemical treatment were greater. The yield under WCGCC was 35 and 15% greater than hand‐weeding and chemical methods, respectively. The yield in chemical method was 17% greater than hand‐weeding. Combination of crop residues and green manuring were alternatives to chemical and handweeding methods. Unrestricted weed growth reduced yield by 74% over hand‐weeding. Weed index was lowest in WCGCC, but similar to chemical and eco‐friendly practices. Chemical method generated highest net income and benefit/cost ratio (US$3,315 and 3.4, respectively). The WCGCC, pre‐emergence herbicide, and biomass mulching can be components of integrated weed management in cassava.
Light‐Promoted C–N Coupling of Aryl Halides with Nitroarenes
Authors: Li Gang , Yang Liu , Liu Jian‐Jun , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui , Wang Chao , Zhang Zunting , Xiao Jianliang , Xue Dong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA photochemical C–N coupling of aryl halides with nitroarenes is demonstrated for the first time. Catalyzed by a NiII complex in the absence of any external photosensitizer, readily available nitroarenes undergo coupling with a variety of aryl halides, providing a step‐economic extension to the widely used Buchwald–Hartwig C–N coupling reaction. The method tolerates coupling partners with steric‐congestion and functional groups sensitive to bases and nucleophiles. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via the addition of an aryl radical, generated from a NiI/NiIII cycle, to a nitrosoarene intermediate.
Engaging recreational scuba divers in marine citizen science: Differences according to popularity of the diving area
Authors: Hermoso Maibe , Narváez Soledad , Thiel Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Characterizing the composition of divers visiting different diving areas could help to design marine citizen science (MCS) projects that support biodiversity monitoring and marine conservation.
Recreational scuba divers mostly prefer warm and clear waters with coral reefs, and based on the Duffus and Dearden’s wildlife tourism framework we hypothesized that a more popular diving area is visited mostly by generalist divers, whereas in a less popular diving area a higher proportion of specialist divers would be found.
Recreational scuba divers were surveyed in diving centres at two diving areas, Rapa Nui (more popular, with warm and clear coral‐reef waters) and the Chilean mainland (less popular, with productive and temperate–cold waters), to determine their diving profile, visiting profile, marine species knowledge, and interest and participation in MCS.
Support for our hypothesis (generalist divers on Rapa Nui and specialist divers on the mainland) was weak, but recreational divers on Rapa Nui were mostly foreign visitors who come for single visits, whereas divers from the mainland were predominantly Chileans who return repeatedly to the diving area. In both diving areas the divers expressed a strong interest to be trained and to participate in MCS, but divers from Rapa Nui were interested in brief pre‐dive inductions, whereas divers from the Chilean mainland preferred intensive training courses.
Based on these findings we recommend specific MCS strategies for divers in both types of areas, e.g. simple protocols in more popular diving areas, with short pre‐dive briefings for divers, and medium or long‐term programmes in areas where most divers are local with high return rates. In these latter conditions more extensive training will be useful, which allows divers to gain more experience and assume higher responsibilities within an MCS project.
Virtual Dissection: An Interactive Anatomy Learning Tool
Authors: Wainman Bruce , Aggarwal Akanksha , Birk Sapriya K. , Gill Jaskaran S. , Hass Katrina S. , Fenesi Barbara 
Published: November 2020

The novelty of three‐dimensional visualization technology (3DVT), such as virtual reality (VR), has captured the interest of many educational institutions. This study’s objectives were to (1) assess how VR and physical models impact anatomy learning, (2) determine the effect of visuospatial ability on anatomy learning from VR and physical models, and (3) evaluate the impact of a VR familiarization phase on learning. This within‐subjects, crossover study recruited 78 undergraduate students who studied anatomical structures at both physical and VR models and were tested on their knowledge immediately and 48 hours after learning. There were no significant differences in test scores between the two modalities on both testing days. After grouping participants on visuospatial ability, low visuospatial ability learners performed significantly worse on anatomy knowledge tests compared to their high visuospatial ability counterparts when learning from VR immediately (P = 0.001, d = 1.515) and over the long‐term (P = 0.003, d = 1.279). In contrast, both low and high visuospatial ability groups performed similarly well when learning from the physical model and tested immediately after learning (P = 0.067) and over the long‐term (P = 0.107). These results differ from current literature which indicates that learners with low visuospatial ability are aided by 3DVT. Familiarizing participants with VR before the learning phase had no impact on learning (P = 0.967). This study demonstrated that VR may be detrimental to low visuospatial ability students, whereas physical models may allow all students, regardless of their visuospatial abilities, to learn similarly well.