bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and Reproducibility of Zywave, Tracey, and Experimental Aberrometers
Authors: Rodríguez Pablo , Navarro Rafael , González Luis , Hernández José L 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy and verify the reliability of different commercial and experimental prototypes of aberrometers using a small group of normal subjects with low myopia.
METHODS: Three different devices were used to measure the wavefront aberration of five normal myopic eyes: 1) Zywave-commercial aberrometer based on a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor; 2) Tracey-commercial system based on the laser ray tracing principle; and 3) an experimental laboratory laser ray tracing instrument working at two different wavelengths (532 and 786 nm). Aseries of five measurements were taken for each subject. Pupil diameter and alignment were controlled. All wave aberration maps were reduced to a common 6.5-mm pupil diameter, and then the mean and standard deviation were computed for the series, as well as the global average and standard deviation for each subject.
RESULTS: Despite several important differences among devices and sessions, the results obtained with the different devices were equivalent. The main difference found between aberrometers was due to the longitudinal chromatic aberration caused by the use of different wavelengths. The signal-to-noise ratio estimated from the raw data was moderate, 12, but could be improved by a factor of 2 by discarding those measurements with a higher deviation from the mean and averaging the remaining data, which was the approach implemented in the Zywave instrument.
CONCLUSION: The aberrometers tested were reliable in normal eyes with low myopia. Aberrometry is a robust but noisy technique. Accuracy is limited by noise and other sources of variability, including the size and alignment of the pupil. These conclusions might not apply to eyes with large aberrations. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:810-817]
Factors Predictive of LASIK Flap Thickness With the Hansatome Zero Compression Microkeratome
Authors: Choudhri Saira A , Feigenbaum Susan K , Pepose Jay S 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the explanatory power of preoperative variables and corneal flap thickness in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the Hansatome zero compression microkeratome (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY).
METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized, comparative interventional case study was performed on 250 eyes of 129 consecutive patients who underwent LASIK surgery using the Hansatome zero compression microkeratome. A 160-µm or 180-µm microkeratome head and an 8.5- or 9. 5-mm suction ring were used in the procedures. Preoperative measurements included refraction, spherical equivalent, keratometry, intraocular pressure, corneal white-to-white, anterior chamber depth, and corneal eccentricity. Corneal thickness was measured intraoperative Iy using ultrasonic pachymetry before and after flap creation, and the difference was taken as flap thickness. Flap diameter was measured with a corneal gauge. Data were analyzed using simple, multiple, stepwise linear and non- 1 inear regression analyses and twotailed t tests.
RESULTS: The mean flap thickness was 124±17 µm with the nominal 160-µm head and 142 ±20 µm with the nominal 180-µm head. One third (33%) of the total variation in flap thickness could be accounted for by three preoperative variables: average corneal thickness, spherical equivalent refraction, and choice of 160- or 180-µm microkeratome head. A simple correlation of 0.114 was noted between corneal eccentricity and flap thickness, but this variable did not add significant explanatory power on multiple regression analysis. Linear regression analysis allowed determination of a flap thickness nomogram with a standard error of the estimate of 16.9 µm and a 95% confidence interval of ±33.1.
CONCLUSIONS: Corneal thickness is the most systematic predictor of corneal flap thickness using the Hansatome microkeratome. Because three preoperative variables account for only 33% of the range in flap thickness, future studies should focus on variations in blade extension and corneal biomechanical factors, which may also play an important role in determining flap thickness. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:253-259.]
Axial Eye Length Evaluation Before and After Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Rosa Nicola , Capasso Luigi , Lanza Michele , Romano Antonio 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To test the accuracy of a new device (IOL Master; Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) in detecting axial eye length changes after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: Pre- and postoperative (1, 3, and 6 months) subjective refraction and axial eye length measurements were performed in 184 consecutive eyes that underwent PRK with the Nidek EC5000 excimer laser (Nidek Technologies, Gamagori, Japan) to treat refractive errors from +0.25 to -16.25 diopters (D) (mean: -5.12±3.01 D).
RESULTS: The axial eye length measurements ranged from 22.51 to 31.32 mm (mean: 25.61±1.47 mm) before PRK; from 22.39 to 31.10 mm (mean: 25.48±1.43 mm) 1 month after PRK; from 23.17 to 31.14 mm (mean: 25.61±1.36 mm) 3 months after PRK; and from 23.36 to 29.68 mm (mean: 25.58±1.35 mm) 6 months after PRK. Preoperative and l-month postoperative data showed a statistically significant difference (P<.001), whereas no significant difference was found between 1 and 3 months (P=. 0137) or 3 and 6 months (P=.2422).
CONCLUSIONS: The IOL Master showed a decrease in the axial eye length measurement larger than the theoretical ablation depth and the difference increased as the correction became higher. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:281-287.]
Flap-induced and Laser-induced Ocular Aberrations in a Two-step LASIK Procedure
Authors: Waheed Samra , Chalita Maria Regina , Xu Meng , Krueger Ronald R 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To identify aberrations created by making a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap and treating the refractive error with laser ablation at a later date.
METHODS: Twenty-two eyes (11 patients) underwent a two-step LASIK procedure with the Alcon LADARVision laser (Alcon Laboratories, Ft Worth, Tex). In the first step, a flap was created, and 1 month later the flap was lifted and laser ablation performed. Aberrations were measured with the LADARWave wavefront measurement device preoperatively, after making the flap (1 day, 1 week, 1 month) and after laser treatment (1 week and 3 months). Two different microkeratomes were used (Moria M2 [Moria; Antony, France] and SKBM [Alcon]). With the SKBM, all flap hinges were nasal; with the Moria M2, the flap hinge was randomly selected as superior in one eye and nasal in the other.
RESULTS: A slight hyperopic shift was seen in the manifest and wavefront refractions at 1 week and 1 month after flap creation for the Moria M2, but not for the SKBM. Statistically significant change in manifest sphere with the Moria M2 showed a mean shift at 1 month of +0.50±0.08 diopters (D) whereas the SKBM showed no mean shift, but less reproducibility, +0.06±0.17 D. Higher order aberrations after flap creation were statistically significantly higher for all except coma with both microkeratomes, but with no predictable trends observed. Although higher in magnitude, post flap aberrations were less than one quarter the increase noted in post laser aberrations, except for "other terms."
CONCLUSIONS: Creating a LASIK flap induces changes in lower and higher order ocular aberrations. The change in lower order terms is microkeratome dependent. Higher order aberrations increase to a much larger degree after laser than after flap, making a two-step procedure unnecessary in conventional LASIK. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:346-352.]
The Lake Chad region as a crossroads: an archaeological and oral historical research project on early Kanem-Borno and its intra-African connections
Authors: Magnavita Carlos , Dangbet Zakinet , Bouimon Tchago 
Published: December 2019

L’histoire de la région du lac Tchad est intrinsèquement liée à celle de l’empire Kanem-Borno (viiie-xixe siècle après J.-C.), l’État le plus ancien, le plus durable et le plus puissant du Soudan central. Cette réussite politique résultait en grande partie des relations économiques et culturelles que l’État avait naguère établies avec des régions africaines plus ou moins éloignées. Si les historiens sont conscients des liens très lointains que Kanem-Borno a entretenus au début avec l’Afrique du Nord et, plus tard, avec quelques régions de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, ses liens avec des régions orientales telles que le Darfour et la vallée du Nil restent jusqu’à présent mal compris. Dans le cadre d’un nouveau projet de recherche interdisciplinaire, les auteurs ont pour objectif de vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle la région du lac Tchad, au-delà de ses liaisons transsahariennes, était autrefois un carrefour majeur pour une route trans-soudanienne est-ouest non documentée reliant la vallée du Nil moyen à l’Afrique de l’Ouest à l’époque médiévale. Les auteurs présentent ici le contexte historique et archéologique du projet de recherche, son calendrier, ses objectifs généraux et les méthodologies utilisées pour comprendre l’un des thèmes les plus déroutants de l’archéologie et de l’histoire du Soudan central.
Pèlerinages d’empire
Authors: Chantre Luc 
Published: December 2019

Cinquième pilier de la foi musulmane, le pèlerinage à La Mecque (ḥajj) attire chaque année, depuis le VIIe siècle, des milliers de musulmans vers les villes saintes du Hedjaz.

Manifestation unitaire et identitaire du monde musulman, le ḥajj semble à première vue n’entretenir que des rapports lointains avec une Europe qui dispose à Rome, à Jérusalem ou encore à Saint-Jacques de Compostelle de ses propres lieux de pèlerinage.

Et pourtant, à la suite de la colonisation d’une grande partie du monde musulman, les puissances impériales européennes ont, de leur propre initiative ou poussées par les événements, fait le choix d’une ingérence croissante dans l’organisation du pèlerinage à La Mecque.

Qui oserait imaginer que des voyageurs britanniques, français, hollandais, russes, italiens et, dans une moindre mesure, autrichiens et espagnols, déguisés en émir alépin en médecin afghan, ont franchi, parfois au péril de leur vie, le périmètre sacré interdit aux infidèles, là où les Musulmans des empires pouvaient se voir refuser, pour des raisons sanitaires ou politiques, d’accomplir leur devoir religieux ?

Qui se douterait encore aujourd’hui qu’Aristide Briand ou Benito Mussolini, à l’instar des sultans mamelouks ou des califes ottomans, ont attaché un soin particulier à la préparation des caravanes de pèlerinage ?

C’est ce « moment colonial » du ḥajj que cet ouvrage cherche à retracer : loin d’avoir les yeux rivés sur leur seul empire, les Européens n’ont cessé, des années 1840 au début de la décennie 1960, de s’épier, de s’imiter, de se jauger, faisant du ḥajj le terrain de cette confrontation permanente. Ignorant les frontières impériales, les pèlerins musulmans eux-mêmes ont contribué à faire du ḥajj une réalité transnationale, suscitant en retour la crainte des autorités coloniales, toujours promptes à voir dans cette manifestation l’ombre d’un complot panislamique.

Au fil des années, l’Europe n’en a pas moins accompagné la transformation du ḥajj en un phénomène de masse, quand elle n’a pas cherché à inventer de nouvelles formes de pèlerinage, avant que la réalité de la décolonisation ne vienne réduire à néant les rêves de grandeur de ces « puissances musulmanes ».
Albert Memmi-André Schwarz-Bart, écrivains à vif
Authors: Sanson Hervé 
Published: December 2019

Albert Memmi et André Schwarz-Bart, auteurs à portée universelle, ont tous deux marqué l’histoire de la culture juive, et d’abord leur communauté respective, les Juifs de Tunisie pour l’un (et au-delà, la communauté sépharade), les Juifs d’Europe pour l’autre. L’un comme l’autre a traité du destin de ces communautés : le premier, avec La Statue de sel (1953), par le biais de son personnage Alexandre Mordekhaï Benillouche, a su aborder la question de l’avenir des Juifs dans les pays musulmans d’Afrique du Nord ; le second, à travers l’histoire de la famille Lévy par-delà les siècles dans Le Dernier des Justes (1959), a su élaborer une forme qui sache rendre justice aux six millions de morts de la Shoah. Chacun a adopté une facture spécifique, et c’est précisément cette facture que nous abordons dans cet article, établissant des convergences, mais aussi des différences irréductibles entre nos deux auteurs.
Biochemical characterization and antioxidant activity of walnut kernel (Juglans regia L.) of accessions from Middle and High Atlas in Morocco
Authors: Kabiri Ghizlane , Bouda Said , Elhansali Mohammed , Haddioui Abdelmajid 
Published: December 2019

Biochemical composition and antioxidant activity were determined in kernel nuts for eleven Moroccan walnut (Juglans regia L.) accessions representing its main cropping area. Total oil, carbohydrates, crude protein, energy value, crude fiber and flavonoid have varied significantly between accessions, respectively within the range values of 54.50-65.48%, 8.17-19.25%, 11.5-25.58%, 648.91-713.83 Kcal, 4.17-6.75% and 12.59-62.11mg RE 100 g-1 DM. Besides, mineral composition (mg 100 g-1) of kernel have varied also significantly among accessions and particularly for phosphorus (338.1-675.87), copper (2.08-6.67), zinc (3.39-18.63), iron (1.17-2.64), chromium (0.16-0.20), nickel (1.26-1.45) and boron (0.07-1.49). However, dry matter (96.75-98.56%), moisture (1.44-3.24%), ash (1.67-2.53%), total phenols content (1017-3739 mg GAE 100 g-1 DM), DPPH radical scavenging activity (75.02-85.96%), potassium (210.10-338.93 mg 100 g-1), magnesium (79.15-374.54 mg 100 g-1), sodium (1.17-12.63 mg 100 g-1) and manganese (0.79-1.67 mg 100 g-1) did not show significant variations between accessions. Furthermore, the results showed that Moroccan walnut constitutes an important source of nutrient elements, essentially fat, carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus and zinc, and natural antioxidants, phenolic compounds. Accordingly, consumption of all studied kernels accessions would be beneficial to health. This study showed considerable biochemical variation between the analyzed walnut accessions, which could help to select genotypes with desired traits according to their chemotypes.
Clinical guidelines for traumatic brain injuries in children and boys
Authors: Derakhshanfar Hojjat , Pourbakhtyaran Elham , Rahimi Samane , Sayyah Samira , Soltantooyeh Zahra , Karbasian Fereshteh 
Published: December 2019

The main aim of management of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is to hold normal ranges for optimizing the most proper outcomes. However, for providing physiologic requirements of an injured brain it is very important to enhance the quality of recovery and minimize secondary injury. Within this study it is tried to regulate the most proper guidelines for management of pediatric TBI. A comprehensive research was conducted on some biomedical and pharmacological bibliographic database of life sciences such as PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS database, global independent network of Cochrane, Science Direct and global health library of Global Index Medicus (GIM). By referencing these databases, a universal literature review was carried out through combining various recent studies in terms of pediatric traumatic brain injury, epidemiology, management and related clinical guidelines in accordance with various related articles published from 2000 to 2019 which could cover this area of recommendations.Based on the main objective of this study for providing a comprehensive review around available clinical practice guidelines for more precise management of TBI. These guidelines can be administered especially for pediatric population which possibly could improve the quality of clinical practice guidelines for TBI. The guidelines of TBI could be applied worldwide in various traditional demographic and geographic boundaries which could affect pediatric populations in various ranges of ages. Accordingly, advances in civil foundation and reforms of explicit health policy could decrease the pediatric TBI socioeconomic burdens.
Evaluation of screening effectiveness of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV rapid test kits in Pakistan
Authors: Waheed Usman , Abdella Yetmgeta Eyayou , Saba Noor e , Arshad Muhammad , Wazeer Akhlaaq , Farooq Ahmad , Usman Javaid , Arshad Abida , Zaheer Hasan Abbas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The current study was conducted to evaluate the performance and screening effectiveness of commercially available rapid screening kits in comparison with chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology and Blood Transfusion Services, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, PIMS, Islamabad, from January to April 2019. A total of 10 commercially available immunochromatographic test (ICT) devices and one CLIA kit (LIAISON XL) were tested for their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy using 100 positive and 100 negative samples each for HBV and HCV, respectively.
RESULTS: The sensitivities and specificities of ICT kits for hepatitis B surface antigen were 65% and 70% (Hightop), 67% and 85% (RightSign), 62% and 73% (Wondfo), 70% and 80% (Accu-Chek), 68% and 77% (Fastep), 73% and 85% (Abon), 77% and 83% (ImmuMed), 80% and 90% (Insta-Answer), 67% and 81% (BioCheck), and 72% and 83% CTK Biotech, respectively. Similarly, the sensitivities and specificities of different ICT kits for HCV were 69% and 80% (Hightop), 76% and 83% (RightSign), 69% and 81% (Wondfo), 78% and 79% (Accu-Check), 68% and 68% (Fastep), 63% and 73% (Abon), 71% and 70% (ImmuMed), 79% and 68% (Insta-Answer), 62% and 66% (BioChek), and 69% and 78% CTK Biotech, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Diasorin Liaison Murex assay for both HBV and HCV were found to be 100% when compared with PCR. The PPV, NPV and Accuracy were determined accordingly.CONCLUSION: Rapid testing ICT devices for both HBV and HCV available in Pakistan were found to have a variable degree of sensitivity and specificity when compared with CLIA and PCR. Comparatively expensive but quality methods are more reliable as compared to rapid devices.
Recent pattern of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Eastern India and the emergence of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin
Authors: Mohanty Srujana , Behera Bijayini , Sahu Subhrajyoti , Praharaj Ashok Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
PURPOSE: We aimed to determine the recent pattern of antibiotic resistance and assess the vancomycin susceptibility profile of clinical Staphylococcus aureus in view of emerging reports of vancomycin creep, reduced vancomycin susceptibility (RVS), including heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus, and vancomycin resistance in S. aureus isolates.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive, nonduplicate isolates of S. aureus between July 2015 and June 2016 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using standard disk diffusion test or Etest as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2015. Detection of hVISA was done by glycopeptide resistance detection Etest according to the manufacturer's instructions in strains with vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration of 1–2 μg/ml.
RESULTS: A total of 284 S. aureus were obtained from pus (175, 61.6%), respiratory tract (31, 10.9%), urine (27, 9.5%), blood (25, 8.8%), body fluids (18, 6.3%), and catheter tips (8, 2.8%). 127 (44.7%) isolates were methicillin resistant, and 158 (55.6%) were multidrug resistant. High resistance was observed to penicillin (81.7%), erythromycin (62.3%), and ciprofloxacin (52.1%), whereas the resistance was low to gentamicin (5.3%), rifampicin (8.1%), and doxycycline (9.5%). Two hundred and fifty-one (88.3%) isolates were fully susceptible to vancomycin, whereas 33 (11.6%) demonstrated RVS. All were uniformly susceptible to linezolid, tigecycline, and daptomycin.
CONCLUSIONS: A moderately high percentage of S. aureus isolates demonstrated RVS, which may limit its usefulness in methicillin-resistant isolates and may be associated with increased complications in methicillin-susceptible infections. In view of increasing glycopeptide resistance, the susceptibility status of vancomycin along with other antibiotics among clinical S. aureus isolates should be investigated periodically.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of Bio-medical Waste Management rules, 2016; Bio-medical Waste Management (amendment) rules, 2018; and Solid Waste Rules, 2016, among health-care workers in a tertiary care setup
Authors: Parida Annapurna , Capoor Malini Rajinder , Bhowmik Kumar Tapas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Biomedical waste poses physical, chemical, radiological, and microbiological risks to the public and health-care workers (HCWs) for current and future generations.
AIM: The aim was to gauge the depth of understanding amongst HCWs on biomedical waste management (BMWM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A predesigned questionnaire on knowledge, attitude, and practices on BMWM Rules, 2016 (Principle), and 2018 (Amendment), Solid Waste Rules, 2016, and health hazards in HCW was distributed to all participants.
RESULTS: Only 68% of the participants knew that the most important step in waste management is waste segregation. Eighty-two percent of the HCWs working in this setup knew of the different color-coded bins used for segregation. However, awareness was lacking with respect to health hazards associated with improperly segregated and disposed off biomedical waste as only 49% answered the questions on the hazards of waste correctly. Laboratory waste handling was found to be the least understood area of the newer guidelines.
CONCLUSIONS: Training aspects of health-care waste management should be strengthened so that the current, existing, and future regulations are practiced diligently and uniformly. Periodic evaluation and assessment should become routine to enforce adherence to waste management.