bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of maternal recall on exclusive breastfeeding 12 months after childbirth
Authors: Schneider BC , Cata-Preta BO , Gräf DD , Silva DLR , Santos FS , Dias MS , Lautenschläger P , Weber P , Reyes Matos U , Martins-Silva T , Barros AJD , Barros FC , Matijasevich A , Santos IS 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:We aimed to assess the validity of maternal recall of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 3 months obtained 12 months after childbirth.Design:A population-based birth cohort study. The gold standard is maternal report of EBF at the age of 3 months (yes or no) and age of introduction of other foods in the infant’s diet. EBF was considered when the mother reported that no liquid, semi-solid or solid food was introduced up to that moment. The variable to be validated was obtained at 12 months after childbirth when the mother was asked about the age of food introduction. The prevalence of EBF at 3 months, and sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and accuracy of 12-month recall with 95 % CI were calculated.Setting:Pelotas, Brazil.Participants:3700 mothers of participants of the Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort.Results:The prevalence of EBF at 3 months was 27·8 % (95 % CI 26·4, 29·3) and 49·0 % (95 % CI 47·4, 50·6) according to gold standard and maternal recall, respectively. The sensitivity of maternal recall at 12 months was 98·3 % (95 % CI 97·4, 99·0), specificity 70·0 % (95 % CI 68·2, 71·7), PPV 55·8 % (95 % CI 53·4, 58·1), NPV 99·1 % (95 % CI 98·6, 99·5) and accuracy 77·9 % (95 % CI 76·6, 79·2). When the analyses were stratified by maternal and infant characteristics, the sensitivity remained around 98 %, and the specificity ranged from 64·4 to 81·8 %.Conclusions:EBF recalled at the end of the first year of infant’s life is a valid measure to be used in epidemiological investigations.
Taking Other Religions Seriously: A Comparative Survey of Hindus in India
Authors: Verghese Ajay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile the study of religion in political science has reemerged as a growing field of inquiry in the last few decades, most research still focuses on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. What religion is and how it is measured has largely been conceptualized through the lens of these Abrahamic faiths. This article, by contrast, examines Hinduism, the world's oldest and third most populous religion. I randomly assigned closed-ended or open-ended surveys about Hindu religiosity across and within two demographically similar villages in the north Indian state of Bihar. A comparison of survey responses from a sample of 100 respondents suggests that many Hindus: (a) do not recognize basic analytical categories scholars use in the social scientific study of religion; (b) do not differentiate between ostensibly religious and secular categories; and (c) recognize features of everyday life, such as attire or obedience to rules about purity and auspiciousness, as religious in ways that may be different from most Western religious communities. This article productively challenges how political scientists think about what religion is and how to measure it, tasks that must precede explaining how it affects political behavior.
Activation of adenosine A3 receptor protects retinal ganglion cells from degeneration induced by ocular hypertension
Authors: Boia Raquel , Salinas-Navarro Manuel , Gallego-Ortega Alejandro , Galindo-Romero Caridad , Aires Inês D. , Agudo-Barriuso Marta , Ambrósio António Francisco , Vidal-Sanz Manuel , Santiago Ana Raquel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlaucoma is a progressive chronic retinal degenerative disease and a leading cause of global irreversible blindness. This disease is characterized by optic nerve damage and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. The current treatments available target the lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP), the main risk factor for disease onset and development. However, in some patients, vision loss progresses despite successful IOP control, indicating that new and effective treatments are needed, such as those targeting the neuroprotection of RGCs. Adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) activation confers protection to RGCs following an excitotoxic stimulus. In this work, we investigated whether the activation of A3R could also afford protection to RGCs in the laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) model, a well-characterized animal model of glaucoma. The intravitreal injection of 2-Cl-IB-MECA, a selective A3R agonist, abolished the alterations induced by OHT in the negative and positive components of scotopic threshold response (STR) without changing a- and b-wave amplitudes both in scotopic and photopic conditions. Moreover, the treatment of OHT eyes with the A3R agonist promoted the survival of RGCs, attenuated the impairment in retrograde axonal transport, and improved the structure of the optic nerve. Taking into consideration the beneficial effects afforded by 2-Cl-IB-MECA, we can envisage that A3R activation can be considered a good therapeutic strategy to protect RGCs from glaucomatous damage.
The DNA methylation landscape of giant viruses
Authors: Jeudy Sandra , Rigou Sofia , Alempic Jean-Marie , Claverie Jean-Michel , Abergel Chantal , Legendre Matthieu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that contributes to various regulations in all domains of life. Giant viruses are widespread dsDNA viruses with gene contents overlapping the cellular world that also encode DNA methyltransferases. Yet, virtually nothing is known about the methylation of their DNA. Here, we use single-molecule real-time sequencing to study the complete methylome of a large spectrum of giant viruses. We show that DNA methylation is widespread, affecting 2/3 of the tested families, although unevenly distributed. We also identify the corresponding viral methyltransferases and show that they are subject to intricate gene transfers between bacteria, viruses and their eukaryotic host. Most methyltransferases are conserved, functional and under purifying selection, suggesting that they increase the viruses’ fitness. Some virally encoded methyltransferases are also paired with restriction endonucleases forming Restriction-Modification systems. Our data suggest that giant viruses’ methyltransferases are involved in diverse forms of virus-pathogens interactions during coinfections.
Permissive microbiome characterizes human subjects with a neurovascular disease cavernous angioma
Authors: Polster Sean P. , Sharma Anukriti , Tanes Ceylan , Tang Alan T. , Mericko Patricia , Cao Ying , Carrión-Penagos Julián , Girard Romuald , Koskimäki Janne , Zhang Dongdong , Stadnik Agnieszka , Romanos Sharbel G. , Lyne Seán B. , Shenkar Robert , Yan Kimberly , Lee Cornelia , Akers Amy , Morrison Leslie , Robinson Myranda , Zafar Atif , Bittinger Kyle , Kim Helen , Gilbert Jack A. , Kahn Mark L. , Shen Le , Awad Issam A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCavernous angiomas (CA) are common vascular anomalies causing brain hemorrhage. Based on mouse studies, roles of gram-negative bacteria and altered intestinal homeostasis have been implicated in CA pathogenesis, and pilot study had suggested potential microbiome differences between non-CA and CA individuals based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We here assess microbiome differences in a larger cohort of human subjects with and without CA, and among subjects with different clinical features, and conduct more definitive microbial analyses using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Relative abundance of distinct bacterial species in CA patients is shown, consistent with postulated permissive microbiome driving CA lesion genesis via lipopolysaccharide signaling, in humans as in mice. Other microbiome differences are related to CA clinical behavior. Weighted combinations of microbiome signatures and plasma inflammatory biomarkers enhance associations with disease severity and hemorrhage. This is the first demonstration of a sensitive and specific diagnostic microbiome in a human neurovascular disease.
Chemical switching of low-loss phonon polaritons in α-MoO3 by hydrogen intercalation
Authors: Wu Yingjie , Ou Qingdong , Yin Yuefeng , Li Yun , Ma Weiliang , Yu Wenzhi , Liu Guanyu , Cui Xiaoqiang , Bao Xiaozhi , Duan Jiahua , Álvarez-Pérez Gonzalo , Dai Zhigao , Shabbir Babar , Medhekar Nikhil , Li Xiangping , Li Chang-Ming , Alonso-González Pablo , Bao Qiaoliang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhonon polaritons (PhPs) have attracted significant interest in the nano-optics communities because of their nanoscale confinement and long lifetimes. Although PhP modification by changing the local dielectric environment has been reported, controlled manipulation of PhPs by direct modification of the polaritonic material itself has remained elusive. Here, chemical switching of PhPs in α-MoO3 is achieved by engineering the α-MoO3 crystal through hydrogen intercalation. The intercalation process is non-volatile and recoverable, allowing reversible switching of PhPs while maintaining the long lifetimes. Precise control of the intercalation parameters enables analysis of the intermediate states, in which the needle-like hydrogenated nanostructures functioning as in-plane antennas effectively reflect and launch PhPs and form well-aligned cavities. We further achieve spatially controlled switching of PhPs in selective regions, leading to in-plane heterostructures with various geometries. The intercalation strategy introduced here opens a relatively non-destructive avenue connecting infrared nanophotonics, reconfigurable flat metasurfaces and van der Waals crystals.
The stability of mutualism
Authors: Stone Lewi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPositive interactions are observed at high frequencies in nearly all living systems, ranging from human and animal societies down to the scale of microbial organisms. However, historically, detailed ecological studies of mutualism have been relatively unrepresented. Moreover, while ecologists have long portrayed competition as a stabilizing process, mutualism is often deemed destabilizing. Recently, several key modelling studies have applied random matrix methods, and have further corroborated the instability of mutualism. Here, I reassess these findings by factoring in species densities into the “community matrix,” a practice which has almost always been ignored in random matrix analyses. With this modification, mutualistic interactions are found to boost equilibrium population densities and stabilize communities by increasing their resilience. By taking into account transient dynamics after a strong population perturbation, it is found that mutualists have the ability to pull up communities by their bootstraps when species are dangerously depressed in numbers.
Hippocampal seed connectome-based modeling predicts the feeling of stress
Authors: Goldfarb Elizabeth V. , Rosenberg Monica D. , Seo Dongju , Constable R. Todd , Sinha Rajita 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough the feeling of stress is ubiquitous, the neural mechanisms underlying this affective experience remain unclear. Here, we investigate functional hippocampal connectivity throughout the brain during an acute stressor and use machine learning to demonstrate that these networks can specifically predict the subjective feeling of stress. During a stressor, hippocampal connectivity with a network including the hypothalamus (known to regulate physiological stress) predicts feeling more stressed, whereas connectivity with regions such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (associated with emotion regulation) predicts less stress. These networks do not predict a subjective state unrelated to stress, and a nonhippocampal network does not predict subjective stress. Hippocampal networks are consistent, specific to the construct of subjective stress, and broadly informative across measures of subjective stress. This approach provides opportunities for relating hypothesis-driven functional connectivity networks to clinically meaningful subjective states. Together, these results identify hippocampal networks that modulate the feeling of stress.
Continuous crystalline graphene papers with gigapascal strength by intercalation modulated plasticization
Authors: Li Peng , Yang Mincheng , Liu Yingjun , Qin Huasong , Liu Jingran , Xu Zhen , Liu Yilun , Meng Fanxu , Lin Jiahao , Wang Fang , Gao Chao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGraphene has an extremely high in-plane strength yet considerable out-of-plane softness. High crystalline order of graphene assemblies is desired to utilize their in-plane properties, however, challenged by the easy formation of chaotic wrinkles for the intrinsic softness. Here, we find an intercalation modulated plasticization phenomenon, present a continuous plasticization stretching method to regulate spontaneous wrinkles of graphene sheets into crystalline orders, and fabricate continuous graphene papers with a high Hermans’ order of 0.93. The crystalline graphene paper exhibits superior mechanical (tensile strength of 1.1 GPa, stiffness of 62.8 GPa) and conductive properties (electrical conductivity of 1.1 × 105 S m−1, thermal conductivity of 109.11 W m−1K−1). We extend the ultrastrong graphene papers to the realistic laminated composites and achieve high strength combining with attractive conductive and electromagnetic shielding performance. The intercalation modulated plasticity is revealed as a vital state of graphene assemblies, contributing to their industrial processing as metals and plastics.
Quassinoid analogs with enhanced efficacy for treatment of hematologic malignancies target the PI3Kγ isoform
Authors: Pei Yonggang , Hwang Nicky , Lang Fengchao , Zhou Lanlan , Wong Josiah Hiu-yuen , Singh Rajnish Kumar , Jha Hem Chandra , El-Deiry Wafik S. , Du Yanming , Robertson Erle S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDevelopment of novel PI3K inhibitors is an important strategy to overcome their resistance and poor tolerability in clinical trials. The quassinoid family member Brusatol shows specific inhibitory activity against hematologic malignancies. However, the mechanism of its anti-cancer activity is unknown. We investigated the anti-cancer activity of Brusatol on multiple hematologic malignancies derived cell lines. The results demonstrated that the PI3Kγ isoform was identified as a direct target of Brusatol, and inhibition was dramatically reduced on cells with lower PI3Kγ levels. Novel synthetic analogs were also developed and tested in vitro and in vivo. They shared comparable or superior potency in their ability to inhibit malignant hematologic cell lines, and in a xenograft transplant mouse model. One unique analog had minimal toxicity to normal human cells and in a mouse model. These new analogs have enhanced potential for development as a new class of PI3K inhibitors for treatment of hematologic malignancies.
Quantitative iTRAQ LC-MS/MS reveals muscular proteome profiles of deep pressure ulcers
Authors: Liu Zan , Cui Xu , Hu Yanke , Zhang Pihong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPressure ulcers (PUs) are a common clinical issue lacking effective treatment and validated pharmacological therapy in hospital settings. Ischemia–reperfusion injury of deep tissue, especially muscle, plays a vital role in the formation and development of the overwhelming majority of PUs. However, muscular protein expression study in PUs has not been reported. Herein, we aimed to investigate the muscular proteins profiles in PUs and to explore the pathological mechanism of PUs. The iTRAQ LC-MS/MS was conducted to detect the protein profiles in clinical muscle samples of PUs. The GO and KEGG pathways analyses were performed for annotation of differentially expressed proteins. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING online database, and hub proteins were validated by the immunoblotting. Based on proteomics results, we found a number of proteins that were differentially expressed in PU muscle samples compared with the normal and identified unique proteins expression patterns between these two groups, suggesting that they might involve in pathological process of the disease. Importantly, cathepsin B and D, as well as other autophagy–lysosome and apoptosis associated proteins were identified. Further experiments characterize the expression of these proteins and their regulation in the process of apoptosis and autophagy. These findings may provide novel insights into the mechanisms of lysosome-associated pathways involved in the initiation of PUs. This is the first study linking proteomics to PUs muscle tissues, which indicated cathepsin B and D might be key drug target for PUs.
Green tea polyphenols ameliorate metabolic abnormalities and insulin resistance by enhancing insulin signalling in skeletal muscle of Zucker fatty rats
Authors: Cheng Jing , Tan Yi , Zhou Jiong , Xiao Linda , Johnson Michael , Qu Xianqin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the metabolic effects of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) in high-fat diet (HFD) fed Zucker fatty (ZF) rats, in particular the effects of GTP on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Body weight, visceral fat, glucose tolerance, lipid profiles and whole-body insulin sensitivity were measured in HFD-fed ZF rats after 8-week-treatment with GTP (200 mg/kg of body weight) or saline (5 ml/kg of body weight). Zucker lean rats were studied as controls. Ex vivo insulin-mediated muscle glucose uptake was assessed. Immunoblotting was used to evaluate the expression of key insulin signalling proteins in skeletal muscle. GTP treatment attenuated weight gain (P&lt;0.05) and visceral fat accumulation (27.6%, P&lt;0.05), and significantly reduced fasting serum glucose (P&lt;0.05) and insulin (P&lt;0.01) levels. Homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a measure of insulin resistance, was lower (P&lt;0.01) in GTP-treated animals compared with ZF controls. Moreover, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by isolated soleus muscle was increased (P&lt;0.05) in GTP-ZF rats compared with ZF-controls. GTP treatment attenuated the accumulation of ectopic lipids (triacyl- and diacyl-glycerols), enhanced the expression and translocation of glucose transporter-4, and decreased pSer612IRS-1 and increased pSer473Akt2 expression in skeletal muscle. These molecular changes were also associated with significantly decreased activation of the inhibitory (muscle-specific) protein kinase (PKC) isoform, PKC-θ. Taken together, the present study has shown that regular ingestion of GTP exerts a number of favourable metabolic and molecular effects in an established animal model of obesity and insulin resistance. The benefits of GTP are mediated in part by inhibiting PKC-θ and improving muscle insulin sensitivity.
300 GHz radar object recognition based on deep neural networks and transfer learning
Authors: Sheeny Marcel , Wallace Andrew , Wang Sen 
Published: May 2020

For high‐resolution scene mapping and object recognition, optical technologies such as cameras and LiDAR are the sensors of choice. However, for future vehicle autonomy and driver assistance in adverse weather conditions, improvements in automotive radar technology and the development of algorithms and machine learning for robust mapping and recognition are essential. In this study, the authors describe a methodology based on deep neural networks to recognise objects in 300 GHz radar images using the returned power data only, investigating robustness to changes in range, orientation and different receivers in a laboratory environment. As the training data is limited, they have also investigated the effects of transfer learning. As a necessary first step before road trials, they have also considered detection and classification in multiple object scenes.
Voltage-dependent structural models of the human Hv1 proton channel from long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Geragotelis Andrew D. , Wood Mona L. , Göddeke Hendrik , Hong Liang , Webster Parker D. , Wong Eric K. , Freites J. Alfredo , Tombola Francesco , Tobias Douglas J. 
Published: May 2020

SignificanceThe Hv1 voltage-gated proton channels are important for various physiological functions that include the extrusion of acid from cells, oxidative bursts in phagocytes, and immune response. A lack of structural information under physiological conditions has left many unanswered questions about the mechanism of proton conduction. We employed molecular dynamics simulations to generate structural models of the open and closed states of the channel in the presence of applied membrane potentials, without any initial assumptions on the position of the voltage sensor and without relying on homology on functional similarities between Hv1 and other voltage-sensitive proteins. We have thus provided molecular-scale insights into the mechanism of voltage-dependent activation that could inform therapeutic strategies for modulating the function of Hv1.
Broadband terahertz solid-state emitter driven by Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator
Authors: Barbiero Gaia , Wang Haochuan , Brons Jonathan , Chen Bo-Han , Pervak Vladimir , Fattahi Hanieh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We report on a table-top, high-power, terahertz (THz) solid-state emitter driven by few-cycle near-infrared pulses at 16 MHz repetition rate in gallium phosphide (GaP) crystals. Two external nonlinear multi-pass cells are used to shorten the output of a home-built, 100 W, 265 fs, 6.2 μJ Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator, operating at 1030 nm, to 18 fs with 3.78 μJ pulse energy. The broadband spectrum of the THz driver allowed for the extension of the THz cutoff frequency to 5.7 THz at the dynamic range of 104. By employing the high-power Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator, the low efficiency of the THz generation is circumvented, resulting in the generation of up to 100 μW, multi-octave THz pulses at 5 THz cutoff frequency in a 2 mm thick GaP crystal.
A comparison of consumer-grade electronic radon monitors
Authors: Warkentin Pam , Curry Erin , Michael Oghenekome , Bjorndal Brian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Radon is a radioactive gas which is naturally occurring in soil and can accumulate to concentrated levels inside homes and buildings. Exposure to elevated levels of radon leads to an increased risk of developing lung cancer. In recent years there has been a rise in the popularity of consumer-grade electronic radon monitors. The monitors are appealing to homeowners due to the ease of use and the ability to keep track of radon levels during the process of conducting a radon test. However, there is currently no independent process to evaluate the relative performance of these monitors against known levels of radon. In this study, three sample units of six different models representing three different manufacturers of consumer-grade electronic radon monitors were exposed to three different levels of radon in a controlled environment to evaluate their precision and accuracy. Two separate tests were conducted at the Canadian guideline level to accommodate for ‘indoor winter’ and ‘summer’ conditions. The purpose of the study was to compare the performance of the different consumer-grade electronic radon monitors and determine which factors should be considered when using these monitors to inform mitigation decisions. The monitors had a range of uncertainty from 2%–15% with a range of precision from 1%–24%. The monitors performed better at higher radon levels than at levels near the Canadian guideline level of 200 Bq m−3, and slightly better during ‘summer’ conditions than during ‘indoor winter’ conditions. While the monitors provide homeowners with a very specific number indicating their radon level, it was noted that this number should be considered with respect to a ‘confidence ratio’ or ‘range’ which could be done through a publicly available online tool which could provide the radon level range for a given radon level and device grade.