bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of risk factors for in-hospital death of COVID - 19 pneumonia -- lessions from the early outbreak
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Wang Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: To examine the clinical characteristics and identify independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia.Methods: A total of 156 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia at the Central Hospital of Wuhan from January 29, 2020, to March 20, 2020, and 20 healthy individuals were enrolled in this single-centered retrospective study. The epidemiological parameters, clinical presentations, underlying diseases, laboratory test results, and disease outcomes were collected and analyzed.Results: The median age of all enrolled patients was 66 years. At least one underlying disease was identified in 101 COVID-19 patients, with hypertension being the most common one, followed by cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The most common symptoms identified upon admission were fever, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue. Compared to survival cases, patients who died during hospitalization had higher plasma levels of D-dimer, creatinine, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate, and lower percentage of lymphocytes (LYM [%]), platelet count and albumin levels. Most enrolled patients received antibiotics and anti-viral treatment. In addition, 60 patients received corticosteroids, and 51 received intravenous immunoglobulin infusion. 44 patients received noninvasive ventilation and 19 received invasive ventilation. Respiratory failure was the most frequently observed complication (106 [67.9%]), followed by sepsis (103 [66.0%]), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (67 [42.9%]), and septic shock (50 [32.1%]).Multivariable regression suggested that advanced age (OR [odds ratio]=1.098, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.006-1.199, P=0.037), shorter duration from onset to admission (OR= 0.853, 95% CI: 0.750-0.969, P=0.015) and elevated lactate level upon admission (OR= 2.689, 95% CI: 1.044-6.926, P=0.040) were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 infection. Meanwhile, increased LYM (%) at admission (OR= 0.787, 95% CI: 0.686-0.903, P=0.001) indicated a better prognosis.Conclusions: In this study, we discovered that age, duration from onset to admission, LYM (%), and lactate level upon admission were independent factors that affecting the in-hospital mortality rate.
Genome-wide epigenomic stress response in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.)
Authors: KRICK Madoka V. , DESMARAIS Erick , SAMARAS Athanasios , GUERET Elise , DIMITROGLOU Arkadios , PAVLIDIS Michalis , TSIGENOPOULOS Costas S , GUINAND Bruno 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: While the stress response inspired genome-wide epigenetic studies in vertebrate models, it remains mostly ignored in fish. We modified the epiGBS (epiGenotyping By sequencing) technique to explore changes in genome-wide cytosine methylation to a repeated acute stress challenge in the nucleated red blood cells (RBCs) of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). This species is widely studied in both the natural and farmed environments, including issues regarding health and welfare.Results: We retrieved 501,108,033 sequencing reads after trimming, with a mean mapping efficiency of 73.0% (unique best hits). Minor changes in RBC methylome appear to manifest after the stress challenge. Only, fifty-seven differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) close to 51 distinct stress-related genes distributed on 17 of 24 linkage groups (LGs) were detected between RBCs of pre- and post-stress individuals. However, literature surveys indicated that 38 of these genes were previously reported as differentially expressed in the brain of zebrafish, most of them involved in stress coping differences. DMC-related genes associated to the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor, a protein that favors stress adaptation and fear memory, appear especially relevant to integrate a centrally produced stress response.Conclusion: By putting forward DMCs associated to stress-related genes, we show that minimally invasive RBCs deserve more attention to investigate the epigenetic response to stress and components of the stress response without sacrificing fish. In parallel to blood parameter measurements (e.g. cortisol, glucose levels), and other molecular approaches (e.g. gene expression variation), features of the epigenetic landscape may offer new opportunities for biomonitoring components of the stress response in fish.
Establishment of a Nomogram for Predicting the Surgical Difficulty of Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Ji Chengyue , Rong Yuluo , Wang Jiaxing , Yin Guoyong , Fan Jin , Tang Pengyu , Jiang Dongdong , Liu Wei , Ge Xuhui , Yu Shunzhi , Cai Weihua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. For a long time, surgical difficulty is mainly evaluated based on subjective perception rather than objective indexes. Moreover, the lack of systematic research regarding the evaluation of surgical difficulty potentially has a negative effect in this field. This study was aimed to evaluate the risk factors for the surgical difficulty of anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS).Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study totaling 291 consecutive patients underwent ACSS from 2012.3 to 2017.8. The surgical difficulty of ACSS was defined by operation time longer than 120 min or intraoperative blood loss equal to or greater than 200ml. Evaluation of risk factors was performed by analyzing the patient’s medical records and radiological parameters such as age, sex, BMI, number of operation levels, high signal intensity of spinal cord on T2-weighted images, ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), sagittal and coronal cervical circumference, cervical length, spinal canal occupational ratio, coagulation function index and platelet count.Results. Significant differences were reported between low-difficulty and high-difficulty ACSS groups in terms of age (p=0.017), sex (p=0.006), number of operation levels (p<0.001), high signal intensity (p<0.001), OPLL (p<0.001) and spinal canal occupational ratio (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that number of operation levels (OR=5.224, 95%CI=2.125-12.843, p<0.001), high signal intensity of spinal cord (OR=4.994, 95%CI=1.636-15.245, p=0.005), OPLL (OR=6.358, 95%CI=1.932-20.931, p=0.002) and the spinal canal occupational ratio>0.45 (OR=3.988, 95%CI=1.343-11.840, p=0.013) were independently associated with surgical difficulty in ACSS. A nomogram was established and ROC curve gave a 0.906 C-index. There was a good calibration curve for difficulty estimation.Conclusion. This study indicated that the operational level, OPLL, high signal intensity of spinal cord, and spinal canal occupational ratio were independently associated with surgical difficulty and a predictive nomogram can be established using the identified risk factors. Optimal performance was achieved for predicting surgical difficulty of ACSS based on preoperative factors.
Critically ill patients with diabetes and Middle East respiratory syndrome: A multi-center observational study
Authors: Jose Jesna , Al-Dorzi Hasan , Al-Omari Awad , Mandourah Yasser , Al-Hameed Fahad , Sadat Musharaf , Al-Qasim Eman , Alraddadi Basem , Harthy Abdulrahman Al , Mekhlafi Ghaleb A Al , Almotairi Abdullah , Khatib Kasim Al , Abdulmomen Ahmed , Qushmaq Ismael , Sindi Anees , Mady Ahmed , Solaiman Othman , Al-Raddadi Rajaa , Maghrabi Khaled , Rajab Ahmed , Kharaba Ayman , Shalhoub Sara , Al-Aithan Abdulsalam M , Vishwakarma Gajendra K , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Arabi Yaseen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a risk factor for infection with coronaviruses. This study describes the demographic, clinical data, and outcomes of critically ill patients with diabetes and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at 14 hospitals in Saudi Arabia (September 2012- January 2018). We compared the demographic characteristics, underlying medical conditions, presenting symptoms and signs, management and clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill patients with MERS who had diabetes compared to those with no diabetes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine if diabetes was an independent predictor of 90-day mortality.Results: Of the 350 critically ill patients with MERS, 171 (48.9%) had diabetes. Patients with diabetes were more likely to be older, and have comorbid conditions, compared to patients with no diabetes. They were more likely to present with respiratory failure requiring intubation, vasopressors, and corticosteroids. The median time to clearance of MERS-CoV RNA was similar (23 days (Q1, Q3: 17, 36) in patients with diabetes and 21.0 days (Q1, Q3: 10, 33) in patients with no diabetes). Mortality at 90 days was higher in patients with diabetes (78.9% versus 54.7%, p<0.0001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that diabetes was an independent risk factor for 90-day mortality (odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-3.72).Conclusions: Half of the critically ill patients with MERS have diabetes; which is associated with more severe disease. Diabetes is an independent predictor of mortality among critically patients with MERS.
Integrated metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis of pigment accumulation in Lonicera japonica flower petals during colour-transition
Authors: Xia Yan , Chen Weiwei , Xiang Weibo , Wang Dan , Xue Baogui , Liu Xinya , Xing Lehua , Wu Di , Wang Shuming , Guo Qigao , Liang Guolu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Plants have remarkable diversity in petal colour through the biosynthesis and accumulation of various pigments. To better understand the mechanisms regulating petal pigmentation in Lonicera japonica, we used multiple approaches to investigate the changes in carotenoids, anthocyanins, endogenous hormones and gene expression dynamics during petal colour transitions, i.e., green bud petals (GB_Pe), white flower petals (WF_Pe) and yellow flower petals (YF_Pe). Results: Metabolome analysis showed that YF_Pe contained a much higher content of carotenoids than GB_Pe and WF_Pe, with α-carotene, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin and γ-carotene identified as the major carotenoid compounds in YF_Pe. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, such as phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase and ζ-carotene desaturase, were significantly upregulated in YF_Pe. The results indicated that upregulated carotenoid concentrations and carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes predominantly promote colour transition. Meanwhile, two anthocyanins (pelargonidin and cyanidin) were significantly increased in YF_Pe, and the expression level of an anthocyanidin synthase gene was significantly upregulated, suggesting that anthocyanins may contribute to vivid yellow colour in YF_Pe. Furthermore, analyses of changes in indoleacetic acid, zeatin riboside, gibberellin (GA), brassinosteroid (BR), methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid (ABA) levels indicated that colour transitions are regulated by endogenous hormones. The DEGs involved in the auxin, cytokinin, GA, BR, jasmonic acid and ABA signalling pathways were enriched and associated with petal colour transitions.Conclusion: Our results provide global insight into the pigment accumulation and the regulatory mechanisms underlying petal colour transitions during the flower development process in L. japonica.
Do they really wash their hands? Prevalence estimates for personal hygiene behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic based on indirect questions
Authors: Mieth Laura , Mayer Maike , Hoffmann Adrian , Buchner Axel , Bell Raoul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, billions of people have to change their behaviours to slow down the spreading of the virus. Protective measures include self-isolation, social (physical) distancing and compliance with personal hygiene rules, particularly regular and thorough hand washing. Prevalence estimates for the compliance with the COVID-19 measures are often based on direct self-reports. However, during a health crisis there is strong public pressure to comply with health and safety regulations so that people’s responding in direct self-reports may be seriously compromised by social desirability.Methods: In an online survey, an indirect questioning technique was used to test whether the prevalence of hygiene practices may be lower than in conventional surveys when confidentiality of responding is guaranteed. The Extended Crosswise Model is an indirect questioning technique that guarantees the confidentiality of responding. To the degree that direct self-reports are biased by social desirability, prevalence estimates of hygiene practices such as thorough hand washing based on the Extended Crosswise Model should be lower than those based on direct self-reports.Results: We analysed data of 1,434 participants. In the direct questioning group 94.5 % of the participants claimed to practice proper hand hygiene; in the indirect questioning group a significantly lower estimate of only 78.1 % was observed.Conclusions: These results indicate that estimates of the degree of commitment to measures designed to counter the spread of the disease may be significantly inflated by social desirability in direct self-reports. Indirect questioning techniques with higher levels of confidentiality seem helpful in obtaining more realistic estimates of the degree to which people follow the recommended personal hygiene measures. More realistic estimates of compliance can help to inform and to adjust public information campaigns on COVID-19 hygiene recommendations.
Recent advances in the development of chemotherapeutic agents for malaria.
Authors: Shrivastava Neelima , Khan Shah A. , Ahmad Saif , Al Balushi Khalid , Husain Asif 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Malaria, a devastating infectious parasitic disease, has been recognized by the World Health
organization (WHO) as a major public health problem worldwide. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
in the developing countries. There are fewer number of the antimalarial drugs available in the market to combat this deadly
disease. The situation is further worsened due to the emergence of resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, which
warrants the search for novel antimalarial drugs capable of acting at multiple targets to expand the current antimalarial
drug arsenal for better therapeutic outcome.

Objectives:
This review aimed to provide the reader with the recent advances and progress made in the development of
chemotherapeutic agents for malaria.

Methods:
Literature review data on chemistry and antimalarial activity of natural and synthetic heterocyclic compounds
published in the last ten years were compiled by referring various peer reviewed journal websites and medical search
engines.

Results and discussion:
This review is covers the recent advances and progress made in the treatment strategies, patent
granted, synthetic approaches, mechanism of action with more emphasis on structure activity relationship (SAR) of potential
chemotherapeutic agents as antimalarial agents which could pave the way for the development of more effective and potent
antimalarial agents. This review might interest the fellow researchers working on the development of novel antimalarial
drug candidates with better therapeutic index.

Conclusion:
Based on the literature covered in the current review article and seeing the recent trends, authors are of the
opinion that the multi target conjugated hybrid approach is the best strategy to discover and develop the effective
antimalarial agents.
El parto pretérmino desde los registros del nacido vivo en Colombia, período 2008 – 2017
Authors: Gerónimo Ortega Nestor Ricardo 
Published: December 2020

Introducción: El parto pretérmino es uno de los principales problemas de la salud infantil. Es la principal causa de mortalidad infantil en los países en vía de desarrollo. Los últimos 20 años ha venido en aumento en el mundo por diferentes causas. Conocer su tendencia y características poblacionales es un elemento útil para su atención.
Objetivo: Describir las características poblacionales asociados al parto pretérmino en Colombia desde los datos del Registro del Nacido Vivo en la década 2008 – 2017.
Métodos: Estudio descriptivo ecológico a partir de fuentes segundarias: microdatos de Estadísticas Vitales del DANE; información almacenada en el programa Excel de Microsoft Office®. Análisis de las variables tiempo/lugar/persona en el programa estadístico SPSS™ mediante estadística descriptiva, análisis de asociación utilizando el estadístico Ji-cuadrado y el coeficiente de correlación Phi para la asociación estadística entre variables.
Resultados. Fueron analizados 6.705.385 registros de nacidos vivos, 1.277.839 correspondientes a parto hasta las 37 semanas de gestación. Prevalencia del 19% de todos los años. Departamentos con mayor tasa de prematuros: Atlántico, Bogotá, Antioquía y Santander. No se encontró una asociación fuerte con los datos del registro del nacido vivo.
Conclusiones: Existe déficit de información acerca del parto pretérmino en aspectos de datos completos y accesibles a los investigadores. La información no es homogénea ni sigue parámetros específicos. El registro de nacido vivo, sin embargo, es un excelente instrumento de recolección de datos poblacionales y base de aproximación al evento.
Docência e Educação de Jovens e Adultos: Um Olhar sob as Lentes de Pesquisadores da UERGS
Authors: Sant' Anna Sita Mara Lopes , Gafforelli Catiana Dias , Stramare Odilon Antônio , Padilha Camila dos Santos 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo objetiva apresentar excertos de levantamentos, estudos e pesquisas desenvolvidas através do Grupo de Pesquisa do CNPq, intitulado: Educação de Jovens e Adultos: docência, formação de professores e processos pedagógicos da EJA, que visa mapear a constituição da docência em EJA no Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil. Para tanto, o artigo apresenta um estudo teórico sobre a docência na EJA; levantamento sobre a docência em produções stricto-sensu nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas do Estado; resultado parcial de pesquisa sobre abordagens de EJA no projetos de cursos de licenciaturas da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul e a constituição da oferta de EJA/Educação Básica, núcleos e grupos de pesquisa, em 2018. O que nos mobiliza a produção desse levantamento é o questionamento de como a docência na EJA vem sendo abrangida, conceitualmente, nas pesquisas de mestrado, na formação inicial e em abordagens de oferta na Educação Básica. Do ponto de vista metodológico, parte-se de orientações da pesquisa qualitativa em educação para a execução dos levantamentos. Como resultados, pode-se afirmar que a docência se mostra multirreferenciada, por diferentes nuances e a EJA passa a ser compreendida como campo árido de estudos. Importante salientar, também, que estes estudos apresentados em Jaguarão, já surtem efeitos, tanto no que tange à ampliação de núcleos e grupos de pesquisa nas IES públicas, quanto no que se refere a movimentos de revisão dos currículos das licenciaturas. Este, talvez, seja o mais significativo entre os efeitos observados.
The Analysis of Translation of Live Metaphors in Japanese Novel Haru No Yuki
Authors: Desa Melati 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT : Language and culture influences each other and its effect is reflected in not only the way humans think, but could also be seen in a full load of figurative elements in creative writing, such as metaphors. Thus, the report examines the aspects of the transfer of meaning in the live metaphors in Haru No Yuki, literary Japanese texts written by Yukio Mishima (1925 – 1970) translated to Malay by Muhammad Haji Salleh (1993) as Salju Musim Bunga published by Penataran Ilmu. This report studies on the equivalence of the meaning of translated live metaphors from the source text to the target text. From the study of the equivalence of meaning can be evaluated that, if there is any type of losses of meaning in form of under translation, over translation or wrong translation. The retention of live metaphors in the target text produced an ideal translation. Universal live metaphors maintained by the translator, this approach produced an ideal translation in form of meaning and accepted by the culture and speakers of the target language. The conclusion of this report shows that, one of the factors in producing quality translations is to understand the elements of the original cultural metaphors contained in the source text.
Keywords: live metaphor, personification, ideal translation, equivalence of meaning
ABSTRAK : Bahasa dan budaya saling mempengaruhi dan kesannya dapat dilihat bukan sahaja dalam cara manusia berpikir malah dalam penulisan kreatif yang memuatkan unsur figuratif, metafora misalnya. Justeru, kajian ini meneliti aspek pemindahan makna dalam terjemahan metafora hidup dan personifikasi yang terdapat dalam teks kesusasteraan Jepun, Haru No Yuki hasil penulisan Yukio Mishima (1925 – 1970) diterjemahkan oleh Muhammad Haji Salleh (1993) menjadi Salju Musim Bunga (SMB) terbitan Penataran Ilmu. Kertas kerja ini mengkaji keselarasan makna terjemahan metafora hidup dan personifikasi daripada teks sumber kepada teks sasaran. Daripada kajian keselarasan makna dapat dinilai sama ada berlaku peleburan makna metafora apabila terhasilnya terjemahan kurang, terjemahan lebih atau terjemahan salah. Kaedah pengekalan metafora hidup dalam teks sasaran didapati menghasilkan terjemahan ideal. Metafora hidup yang bersifat universal dikekalkan oleh penterjemah, pendekatan ini menghasilkan terjemahan ideal dari sudut makna dan diterima oleh budaya dan penutur bahasa sasaran. Sebagai kesimpulan, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa, salah satu faktor dalam usaha untuk menghasilkan terjemahan bermutu adalah dengan memahami unsur metafora budaya asal teks sumber.

Kata kunci : metafora hidup, personifikasi, terjemahan ideal, persamaan makna
The Marichev-Saigo-Maeda Fractional Calculus Operators Pertaining to the Generalized K-Struve Function
Authors: Kabra Seema , Nagar Harish , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Suthar D.L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the present paper, we establish some compositions formulas for Marichev-Saigo-Maeda (MSM) fractional calculus operators with k-Struve function

S

ν
,
c

k

S_{\nu ,c}^k

as of the kernel. The results are presented in terms of generalized k-Wright function

p

Ψ
q
k

_p\Psi _q^k

.
Legislation Review and Policy Recommendation for Work-Based Learning
Authors: Zielinski Jacek , Almeida Raquel , Moldovan Liviu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review the legislation framework in the field of work-based learning (WBL), conducted in six European countries: Romania, Poland, Portugal, Germany, Bulgaria and Cyprus. The scope is to identify the policies and the legal framework set, or lack of such, in the field of WBL. A comparative analysis between formal regulations is done. Finally, policy recommendations for performing of evidence-based policy in the field of WBL are formulated: specific legislation for WBL, quality assurance of WBL programmes, incentives for employers participating in WBL programmes.