bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Legal Framework That Protects Freedom of Expression in Electoral Processes
Authors: Mokhonchuk Bohdan , Romaniuk Pavlo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In democratic countries, attention is devoted to the issue of freedom of speech and freedom of expression and the role of public authorities during elections. Today, freedom of speech and freedom of expression are guaranteed at both the international and national levels. The international community has created a significant number of international agreements and acts of “soft law” on standards of freedom of expression. In particular, the Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters establishes as the first general condition for democratic elections the respect for fundamental human rights, and particularly freedom of expression, assembly and association, without which there can be no true democracy. On the one hand, the problem of ensuring freedom of expression during elections is caused by the wider limits of permissible criticism of candidates and the importance of coverage of the election process. On the other hand, it is caused by restrictions on the conduct of election campaigning and the necessity to provide equal access to the media for the subjects of the electoral process. In this context, it is important to find a balance between the right to free elections, freedom of speech and other rights, freedoms and interests of the subjects of the electoral process. This article researches the modern problems of national legal guarantee of the freedom of speech and the freedom of expression and international electoral standards on the protection of freedom of speech and freedom of expression in the electoral process.
The Impact of Russian Anti-Western Conspiracy Theories on the Status-Related Conflict in Ukraine: The Case of Flight MH17
Authors: Mölder Holger , Sazonov Vladimir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Russian Federation has a wide arsenal of tools at its disposal for conducting information warfare to achieve its strategic objectives in the ongoing status conflict with the West. The active exploitation of conspiracy theories has thrived since pro-Kremlin forces started armed conflict against Ukraine in 2013–2014. This article focuses on the crash of Flight MH17, widely used by the Russian media to fabricate various conspiracy theories which make out that the West and Ukraine are responsible for the disaster. This study examines several Russian outlets and TV channels and concludes that the Russian media often used falsified stories and emotional rhetoric in narratives they spread about the crash of Flight MH17. The narratives used to create these conspiracy theories claim that the incident was a Western provocation attempting to generate hostility towards Russia. In disseminating these kinds of conspiracy theories, the pro-Kremlin media created distrust against the West and the Ukrainian government among a larger audience and produced discomfort and disorientation about Western and Ukrainian news.
Cyber-Attacks and Freedom of Expression: Coercion, Intimidation and Virtual Occupation
Authors: Burton Joe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article explores how cyber-attacks affect freedom of expression. It begins by outlining the literature on cyber coercion and exploring other conceptions of how offensive cyber operations have been used to shape adversary behaviour, including efforts to intimidate through cyberspace, and the concept of ‘cyber swaggering’. The article moves on to explore how cyber-attacks have been used to undermine electoral process, to erode free and fair media reporting, and how manipulation of social media can constitute a ‘virtual infiltration’ and ‘virtual occupation’ of the information domain. The article then explores how cyber-attacks conducted during the conflict in Ukraine have limited or otherwise affected freedom of expression. I argue that the wider effects of cyber operations on political, civil and human rights have been underexplored in the cyber security literature; that cyber-attacks have adversely affected freedom of expression in the conflict in Ukraine and in other political disputes; and that the coercion concept is ill-suited to accounting for the socio-psychological impact of modern cyber operations.
Violations of Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Religion by the Russian Federation as the Occupying Power in Crimea
Authors: Tsybulenko Evhen , Platonova Anastassiya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Considering modern weaponization of media and extensive experience of Russia in employing the propaganda machine, further attacks and trespasses against the freedom of expression and freedom of religion in order to suppress dissent in the occupied territory are to be expected. In accordance with the reports of international organizations and non-governmental organizations, the current situation in Crimea after the occupation with regard to human rights protections is concerning. This article will put together the reported events in Crimea and the city of Sevastopol concerning the freedom of expression and freedom of religion in order to demonstrate the gravity of the situation and responsibility of the occupying power.
The Impact of ECHR and the Case-Law of the ECtHR on the Development of the Right to Legal Assistance in International Criminal Courts (ICTY, ICTR, ICC)
Authors: Buromenskyi Mykhailo , Gutnyk Vitalii 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe European Convention on Human Rights and the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights have a significant impact not only on national legal order but also on international criminal courts. The article is dedicated to analyzing that impact in the context of the right to legal assistance.We ascertain the purpose of the establishment of international criminal courts, the specificity of the right to legal assistance in the European system of human rights protection, the impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on the drafting of statutes of the international criminal courts and influence of the European Convention on Human Rights and case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on the interpretation of the right to legal assistance in the international criminal courts.Also the primacy of the right to legal assistance is proved, which is provided in the ECHR to the statutes of international criminal courts. At the same time, the international criminal courts, taking into account the purpose of their establishment and jurisdiction, give additional guarantees of the right to legal assistance.
The Analysis of the Digital Economy and Society Index in the EU
Authors: Stavytskyy Andriy , Kharlamova Ganna , Stoica Eduard Alexandru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe paper analyzes the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), which characterizes the development of digital economy. Based on the data of 28 European countries for 2013–2018, using the panel regression, we studied the influence of the consumption index growth by the purchasing power parity and unemployment among the active population on the structural units of DESI. It is shown that a 1% increase in the consumption index results in about 0.2 increase in the DESI, and an increase in unemployment by 1% leads to about 0.2 DESI decline. It is also shown that the 98% value of DESI is actually determined by its previous trends, and therefore it is impossible to increase this index rapidly. Some reflections and conclusions are made on the perspective of the developing states, i.e., Ukraine, that is not yet assessed in DESI ranking.
Delegation of State Powers to Local Self-Government Bodies: Foreign Experience and Ukrainian Realities
Authors: Serohina Svitlana , Bodrova Iryna , Novak Anna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of the problems of the delegation of state powers to local self-government bodies. The paper reveals the pluralism of approaches to the organization of models of such interaction in the countries where various doctrines of the organization and functioning of local self-government prevail (the state-oriented doctrine, the community-oriented doctrine, and the doctrine of municipal dualism). Using the example of various European states (grouped on the basis of the prevailing doctrines presented above for convenience), we reveal specific schemes for the legal regulation of interaction within such relations, their positive features, and drawbacks. The obtained data presented in a compressed form in the paper also features an in-depth analysis of the constitutional and legal regulation of the delegation of state powers to local governments in Ukraine. An important element of the novelty of the study was the projection of modern Ukrainian problems in the field of delegated powers through the prism of the existing European systems and relevant experience, thereby complementing this study with a comparative dimension.
Conclusions made by the authors feature a set of recommendations based on the conducted comparative research and on formal and logical analysis of compliance of the domestic model of the delegation of powers with the provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. Taking into account the fact that European standards in the sphere of the delegation of powers (depends on the adoption of amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law ‘On delegation of separate powers of executive authorities to local self-government bodies’) are not yet implemented in Ukraine, we believe that this research will not only be useful in the context of theoretical and scientific research of the issue but also has the potential to contribute to the development and implementation of relevant legislation.
The Features of the System of Normative-Legal Acts of Local Self-Government of Ukraine: A Rejection of the Soviet Union Postulates in Favour of the European Union Values
Authors: Petryshyn Oleh , Petryshyna Maryna , Hyliaka Oleh , Didych Taras 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this article, the authors, collaboratively and based on their experience of related research (normative-legal activity of local self-government (Petryshyna, 2011), general theoretical problems of law-making and norm-making (Didych, 2018), problems of reception of foreign experience of reforming local self-government (Petryshyn, 2014), and pressing problems of decentralization reform (Hyliaka, 2015)) investigate the features and the shortcomings of the system of normative-legal acts of local self-government of Ukraine. These include: the problems of the legal status and the nature of the modern system of normative legal acts of local self-government, its normative-legal consolidation; the issues of practical law-making by bodies and officials of local self-government through the prism of the heritage of the Soviet system of local self-government; the shortcomings in the reforms undertaken since independence; the ongoing decentralization and associated reforms as well as existing concepts and plans aimed at the integration of Ukraine into European legal space and the European Union in particular.
The result of the study was the identification of a number of substantiated features of the system and general recommendations aimed at the improvement of the overall state of local self-government and its law-making activity in the context of the current and future related reforms in Ukraine.
Simulation of a Scaled down 250 MWe CFB Boiler Using Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics Numerical Model
Authors: Venkatesan Vidya , Mukundarajan Lakshminarasimhan , Narayanan Anantharaman 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Eulerian-Eulerian approach and conventional Eulerian-Lagrangian model are computationally exhaustive for modelling circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser which has wide particle size distribution and billions of particles Alternatively, the relatively recent Eulerian- Lagrangian computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) model enables simulation of the CFB system with lesser computational resources. Most of the published studies on CPFD simulations of CFB risers deal with single grate system. The present study aimed to investigate the performance of the CPFD model for predicting solids distribution in a CFB riser with pant-leg structure (dual grate) and characteristics similar to a commercial boiler. Experiments conducted in a scaled down 250 MWe CFB facility according to Glicksman’s simplified similarity laws for fluidized beds were simulated using commercial code Barracuda. The bottom dense bed, upper lean solid phase, increase in bottom bed voidage with increasing fluidizing velocity and reducing solids inventory, decrease in bottom bed solids concentration with decrease in particle size and exchange of solids between the legs typically occurring in a CFB with pant-leg structure were successfully captured by the CPFD calculations. Simulation results showed that the upper solids concentration is hardly influenced by the solids inventory level in line with the experimental observation, therefore the amount of solids inventory can be optimized during actual operation. The predicted pressures varied from the average experimental pressure data within the range –10 to 39 %.
Organizational Climate and Gender Differences in Work Engagement Among Non-Teaching Staff in a Nigerian University
Authors: Akanni Abimbola A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper examines the link between organizational climate and work engagement among the non-teaching staff of a Nigerian University. Participants consisted of 229 (F=46.7%; Mean age =45.7) non-teaching staff selected using stratified random sampling technique from non-teaching staff of the institution. Participants completed the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and Organizational Climate Measure that were subjected to Pearson Product Moment Correlation and t-test analysis. Results revealed that organizational climate is related to work engagement among registry staff. It also showed that female employees were more engaged with their work than their male counterparts. The paper recommends the design of appropriate strategies and interventions to ensure that employees feel more engaged in their work-roles.
Researching Consumer Research. An Analysis of Consumer Researchers in Austria with Some Implications for the Scientific Field and Consumer Policy
Authors: Nessel Sebastian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Since over a decade, there are ongoing debates about the relationships between the scientific field of consumer research and the political field of consumer policy. To date, there exist theoretical overviews of the international state of the art in consumer research and its historical developments regarding topics, and theoretical and methodological advancements. There also exist few empirical studies which approached this field through content analysis of scientific articles, case studies or literature reviews. Nonetheless, prior research has yet neglected consumer researchers themselves and, above all, their stances toward consumer policy. To fill this gap, this article seeks to enhance knowledge about consumer researchers by presenting empirical results of a survey among Austrian consumer researchers. In contrast with previous research, this article relates its empirical findings to better understand how consumer research can become a more integrated and institutionalized research area, in Austria and elsewhere. As the results indicate, there are some commonalities in Austrian consumer research which may serve as a fertile ground for a closer integration of the field and which could enhance cooperation between the scientific and the political field. Yet, as this article shows, there also exist some obstacles, which may hinder such efforts. It concludes with some propositions for consumer research as a scientific field and discusses obstacles and prospects of a future collaboration between this scientific field and consumer policy. In doing so, this article seeks to contribute to the debate about a so-called “evidence-based” consumer policy suggesting that consumer policy can draw on a wide array of scientific perspectives and should not restrict itself to behavioural insights alone, a current trend in some European countries and in the European Commission. As will be shown, the Austrian case is furthermore informative to better understand internal and external (political) efforts to foster cooperation within consumer research and the relationship between consumer research and consumer policy.
The Integration of Higher Education Graduates on the Labor Market
Authors: Păcurariu Gabriela 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The success of higher education graduates’ transition to the labor market is analyzed in this paper. A series of representative factors which influence the success rate on the labor market were analyzed through an exhaustive case study among graduates from West University of Timisoara. The results show a high level of satisfaction amongst graduates, despite the high level (over 40%) of total incongruence (vertical and horizontal) between the degree’s field and the actual workplace. We can also assert that the graduates’ insertion in the labor market is a real success, since most of them are able to get a job in less than 6 months from graduation (58.5%), even more do so 12 months post-graduation (83.9%).
The Emergent Adult: Transition from School to Work
Authors: Raiu Sergiu-Lucian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article approaches the topic of the emerging adulthood with young people in Romania, as well as the beginning of the first work experience. The main aim is to identify the factors of a successful transition from school to independent life. The article examines the social status and the issues the young people in Romania face with regard to the transition from education to employment. The data type longitudinal panel study refers to the cohort of young people born in 1994-1995, the generation which graduated from the 12th or 13th class in 2012. We answer the question „Which are the factors that determine the first work experience for Romanian young people and what does this look like?” Half of the young people have work experience - 50.1%, with 25.2% working at the time they filled in the questionnaires, two years after graduation. Employment is explained to an extent of 1% by gender and area of residence, 4% by factors of social exclusion and 1% by factors related to negative life events. All these factors explain the variance of 6% in the employment of young people. Linear regression analysis (hierarchical) showed that social inclusion factors have the greatest effect on employment, with 4% of employment variance explained by social exclusion factors, while the influence of the demographic variables, factors of social exclusion and factors related to negative life events explain 6% of the youth employment variance.
Tensile Deformation and Work Hardening Behaviour of AISI 431 Martensitic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Samuel E. Isaac , Paulose Neeta , Nandagopal M. , Selvi S. Panneer , Babu S. N. Narendra , Mannan S. L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTensile deformation and fracture behaviour of AISI 431 martensitic stainless steel, over the temperature range of 300-823 K, has been examined. Yield and ultimate tensile strength values decreased gradually from room temperature to intermediate temperatures, followed by a rapid decrease at high temperatures. At the intermediate temperatures (523-673 K), the steel exhibited jerky/serrated flow and anomalous variations in terms of a plateau in flow stress/strength and work hardening parameters and minima in ductility. These manifestations were identified to be the signatures of dynamic strain ageing, operating at these temperatures. At high temperatures, a rapid decrease in flow stress/strength values and increase in ductility with increasing temperature indicated the dominance of dynamic recovery. The fracture remained transgranular ductile at all temperatures. Work hardening relations that best described the flow behaviour of AISI 431 steel were identified. Variations of the work hardening parameters with temperature were consistent with the variations exhibited by strength and ductility values.
Quid rides?: Targets and referents of RoastMe insults
Authors: Dynel Marta , Poppi Fabio I. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article offers a qualitative and quantitative socio-cultural examination of RoastMe, a peculiar humorous practice deployed on Reddit and reposted on various social media. First, RoastMe is characterized from the emic (user) perspective and conceptualized in the light of humor theory (superiority and incongruity approaches). RoastMe consists in some users’ posting pictures of themselves with a view to being roasted, i. e. pelted with jocular insults, by other online community members. Albeit a type of disparagement humor, RoastMe is an innocuous humorous activity enclosed within a humorous frame; it is a form of affiliative humor based on users’ unbounded creativity. Second, this paper reports the findings of a quantitative study on the predominant types of targets/roastees depending on their (lack of) salient features, as well as the source and nature of the jocularly disparaged referents in roasting comments, i. e. the central features that roasters make harmless fun of most often, relative to the different categories of roastees.Roasting (v.) – To humorously mock or humiliate someone with a well-timed joke, diss or comeback. (…) Hone your roasting skills, meet other roasters, and get yourself roasted! Everybody needs to laugh at themselves! And other people, of course!(https://www.reddit.com/r/RoastMe/)
Synthesis and Characterization of N- Doped ZnO-γAl2O3 Nanoparticles for Photo-catalytic Application
Authors: Mansouri M. , Hosseinvand A. , Kikhavani T. , Setareshenas N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this study, photo-catalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) azo dye was examined by undoped and Ce2O3/ CuO/ N doped ZnO nanoparticles stabilized on γAl2O3. Highest photo-catalytic activity was observed for the N-doped 10 wt. % ZnO-γAl2O3 sample. One of the optimal points with the complete MO decomposition was determined at an initial concentration of 8.25 ppm, pH 3.25, catalyst loading of 0.36 g/L and 12.56 W UV-light irradiation after 120 min. Physical and chemical properties of materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) method. The experimental data were best fitted by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood approach photo-catalysis developed kinetic reaction rate in the form of

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