bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dolung dolung Kudapan Tradisional Berbahan Dasar Tepung Beras dan Kolang Kaling Buah Aren Panganan yang Menyehatkan Dalam Mengembangkan Wisata Kuliner Kota Wisata Parapat Kabupaten Simalungun
Authors: Handoko Handoko 
Published: January 2020

Dolung dolung sebagai kudapan asli yang berasal dari kota wisata Parapat kurang dikenal oleh wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Parapat. Hal ini terjadi oleh karena masyarakat kota Parapat kurang maksimal mengelola dan memasarkan dolung dolung sebagai kuliner andalan lokal yang berasal dari Kota Parapat. Gerai penjualan dolung dolung juga yang tidak tersedia serta penjualan dolung dolung hanya dilakukan secara langsung secara personal. Begitu juga dengan Kolang kaling yang banyak tumbuh di daerah Kabupaten Simalungun Kecamatan Tigadolok dan Tigaras kurang maksimal pemanfaatannya secara ekonomi. Buah Kolang kaling hanya di pasarkan pada saat hari besar keagamaan saja sehingga mengurangi pendapatan dan penghasilan tambahan masyarakat yang ada di Kabupaten Simalungun khususnya di kota wisata Parapat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kudapan lokal dolung dolung dan kolang kaling dikenal oleh wisatawan. Bagaimana pengembangan dan pemasaran dolung dolung tersebut. Bagaimana peningkatan pemasaran dan pengenalan kudapan tersebut kepada masyarakat dan wisatawan. Setelah melaksanakan analisis dari hasil penelitian dilapangan diketahui bahwa saat ini pemerintah tengah berusaha memperkenalkan kepada masyarakat luas, wisatawan melalui peran serta masyarakat kota Parapat dibawah koordinasi Yayasan Peparata serta bekerjasama dengan hotel dan restauran yang ada di kota Parapat. Membangun Ikon Wisata Kuliner Dolung dolung yang berasal dari Kota Parapat dan Kolang Kaling yang berasal dari Kabupaten Simalungun.
KOMPETENSI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA BIDANG PERHOTELAN PADA HOTEL BINTANG 4 DI KOTA BERASTAGI KABUPATEN KARO
Authors: Ahmad Andora Jusuf 
Published: January 2020

This research was conducted to find out how far the competence of employees in the field of hospitality, especially in 4 star hotels in Berastagi city and to know how big the role of Karo district government in increasing the competence of employees working in hotel in Berastagi. The method used in this research is qualitative method with descriptive research type which explain the actual condition that happened in the field with data collection technique through observation, interview and documentation. Based on the results of the research can be in the know that employees who work at hotels in Berastagi have never followed the certification of competence and management of 4 star hotels in Berastagi has not conducted a competency test for employees who work in hotels and Karo district government also has not done activities related to training or competency tests as a form of government support.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Abdullah Darda , Faijah Kurniati Denia 
Published: January 2020

This research was motivated by the observation in the fourth grade SD Assalaam Bandung, which showed the students do not understand the material presented by educators and educators still use the conventional method of the lectures, the learning process is only centered on the teacher and without involving students so less anttractive and low student learning outcomes ,and this reseach aims to improve student learning outcomes in the theme of togetherness and diversity in class IV SD Assalaam Bandung. Therefore research are trying to improve student learning outcomes by applying the problem based learning (PBL). Research methodology study conducted oy research in the form of classroom action research (PTK), for research conducted in accordance duites and function of the teacher when implementing the learning in the classroom. With the aims to reflect and to improve the learning process so that their learning outcome. Subjects in the study were students of class IVB SD Assalaam Bandung with the number 20 students consisting of 14 boys and 6 girls. This study was conducted 3 cycles where each cycle consisted of two learning. The research results by using the model of Problem Based Learning (PBL) in the first cycle of student learning outcomes with a percentage of 26,6%, second cycle 46,6%, and cycle III 86,6%. While for the implementation of learning cycle I 60%, cycle II 76,25%, and cycle III 82,5%. The learning outcomes consist of cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. The cognitive domain obtained the percentage of the first cycle reached 20%, the second cycle reached 30% and the third cycle reached 80%. While the affective domain of the first cycle reached 30%, the second cycle 70%, and the third cycle 90% and for the psychomotor domain the first cycle 30%, the second cycle 40%, and the third cycle 90%. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model can improve student learning outcomes in the togetherness sub-theme in class IV SD Assalaam Bandung.
Peningkatan Kualitas Ruang Penghubung Antar Taman Kota Dengan Membangun Interaksi Sosial
Authors: Mensana Alvar , Srinaga Felia , Halim Angie 
Published: January 2020

<p>Ruang publik berupa taman kota di Jakarta masih belum secara optimal digunakan sebagai ruang interaksi dan sosialisasi warga. Beberapa pemanfaatan taman kota yang berdekatan memiliki potensi untuk saling berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan interaksi sosial. Untuk itu peningkatan kualitas ruang penghubung antar taman sebagai ruang interaksi sosial dan pengembangan ruang publik kota perlu ditingkatkan. Taman kota yang menjadi fokus pada penelitian ini adalah Taman Menteng dan Taman Suropati pada kawasan Menteng Jakarta Pusat. Kedua taman ini memiliki fungsi yang berbeda akan tetapi letaknya yang berdekatan berpotensi untuk saling berinteraksi melalui ruang penghubung antara kedua taman. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah koridor penghubung kedua taman ini tidak hidup/tidak permeable, bahkan cenderung sepi, sehingga membuat tidak adanya expanded public space yaitu pengembangan koridor ruang publik diantara kedua taman tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali potensi dari ruang publik di antara kedua taman tersebut guna mengembangkannya menjadi ruang penghubung yang dapat meningkatkan interaksi sosial dan kualitas taman kota yang baik. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini mengajukan dua buah pertanyaan penelitian, yaitu: 1) Apa kriteria untuk membuat ruang penghubung/koridor yang permeable, 2) Bagaimana penerapan kriteria tersebut dalam perancangan ruang penghubung taman kota yang dapat meningkatkan interaksi sosial. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kajian literatur guna mengetahui kriteria kualitas dari taman kota yang baik, ruang jalan, dan aktivitas dalam ruang publik yang mendukung interaksi sosial. Observasi dan analisis deskriptif di lapangan dilakukan untuk menemukan aktivitas keseharian yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pengisi ruang penghubung taman dalam meningkatkan interaksi sosial diantara kedua taman. Hasil dari penelitian ini merupakan sebuah konsep dan rancangan arsitektural pada ruang jalan penghubung antara dua taman berbeda fungsi yang mampu mempromosikan terjadinya interaksi sosial.</p>
Intracellular IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Isoform 1 Released from Keratinocytes upon Cell Death Acts as an Inhibitor for the Alarmin IL-1α
Authors: Martin Praxedis , Palmer Gaby , Rodriguez Emiliana , Palomo Jennifer , Lemeille Sylvain , Goldstein Jérémie , Gabay Cem 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The inflammatory effects of IL-1α/β are controlled by IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra). One IL-1Ra isoform is secreted, whereas three other isoforms (intracellular IL-1Ra [icIL-1Ra] 1, 2, and 3) are supposed to remain intracellular because of the absence of a signal peptide. In contrast to the well-characterized function of the secreted isoform, the biological role of the intracellular isoforms remains largely unclear. icIL-1Ra1 represents the major isoform in keratinocytes. We created icIL-1Ra1−/− mice and investigated the role of icIL-1Ra1 in Aldara (5% imiquimod)-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Naive icIL-1Ra1−/− mice bred habitually and exhibited a normal phenotype. icIL-1Ra1 deficiency aggravated Aldara-induced skin inflammation, as demonstrated by increased ear thickness and increased mRNA levels of key proinflammatory cytokines. No intracellular effect of icIL-1Ra1 could be detected in isolated keratinocytes using RNA-sequencing analysis; however, Aldara treatment led to caspase 1/11-, caspase 8-, and RIPK3-independent keratinocyte cell death accompanied by the release of both icIL-1Ra1 and IL-1α. Furthermore, blocking IL-1α attenuated the clinical severity of Aldara-induced ear thickening in icIL-1Ra1−/− mice. Our data suggest that upon keratinocyte damage icIL-1Ra1 acts extracellularly as an antagonist of the alarmin IL-1α to immediately counteract its inflammatory effects.
Anti-inflammatory effects of montelukast on smoke-induced lung injury in rats
Authors: Basyigit Ilknur , Sahin Murat , Sahin Deniz , Yildiz Fusun , Boyaci Hasim , Sirvanci Serap , Ercan Feriha 
Published: January 2020

Aim: To evaluate the effects of montelukast in smoke- induced lung injury.Methods: 28 Wistar-Albino rats were enrolled into 4 groups with 7 rats per group. The healthy control group was exposed to fresh air while all rats in the 3 experimental groups were exposed to cigarette smoke for 20 weeks for 2 hours per day. After histopathological verification of smoke induced lung injury, montelukast (0.1 mg/kg) dissolved in Na2CO3 was given in one group (MON), Na2CO3 only was given in another group (MON control) and placebo was injected in the third group (COPD control) intraperitoneally for 21 days. At the end of this period blood samples were obtained for serum TNF-α assessment and light and electron microscopy analy- ses were performed on the lung tissues of sacrificed rats.
Results: Serum TNF-α levels in the MON group were signifi- cantly lower than in the MON control and COPD control groups (38.84 ± 4.9 pg/ml, 77.5 ± 5.8 pg/ml and 79.2 ± 6.9 pg/ml respectively, p < 0.05). Furthermore there was no sta- tistically significant difference between the MON group and healthy controls with respect to serum TNF-α levels (38.84 ± 4.9 pg/ml vs. 29.5 ± 3.6 pg/ml, p > 0.05). Light and electron microscopic evaluation of the lungs demonstrated that the total histopathological damage score of the lung samples was significantly lower in the MON group than in MON controls and COPD controls (5.14 ± 0.5, 8.4 ± 0.6 and 8.7 ± 0.4 respec- tively, p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the MON group and healthy controls (5.1 ± 0.6 vs 2.3 ± 0.2, p > 0.05).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that montelukast might have a protective effect on smoke-induced lung injury in rats both from a histopathological and inflammatory point of view.
Measures of dyspnea in pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Crisafulli Ernesto , Clini Enrico M. 
Published: January 2020

Dyspnea is the main symptom perceived by patients affected by chronic respiratory diseases. It derives from a complex interaction of signals arising in the central nervous system, which is connected through afferent pathway receptors to the peripheral respiratory system (airways, lung, and thorax). Notwithstanding the mechanism that generates the stimulus is always the same, the sensation of dyspnea is often described with different verbal descriptors: these descriptors, or linguistic ‘clusters’, are clearly influenced by socio-individ- ual factors related to the patient. These factors can play an important role in identifying the etiopathogenesis of the underlying cardiopulmonary disease causing dyspnea.
The main goal of rehabilitation is to improve dyspnea; hence, quantifying dyspnea through specific tools (scales) is essen- tial in order to describe the level of chronic disability and to assess eventual changes after intervention. Improvements, even if modest, are likely to determine clinically relevant changes (minimal clinically important difference, MCID) in patients.
Currently there exist a large number of scales to classify and characterize dyspnea: the most frequently used in everyday clinical practice are the clinical scales (e.g. MRC or BDI/TDI, in which information is obtained directly from the patients through interview) and psychophysical scales (such as the Borg scale or VAS, which assess symptom intensity in response to a specific stimulus, e.g. exercise). It is also possible to assess the individual’s dyspnea in rela- tion to specific situations, e.g. chronic dyspnea (with scales that classify patients according to different levels of respira- tory disability); exertional dyspnea (with tools that can measure the level of dyspnea in response to a physical stim- ulus); and transitional (or ‘follow up’) dyspnea (with scales that measure the effect in time of a treatment intervention, such as rehabilitation).
Descriptors of dyspnea in obstructive lung diseases
Authors: Antoniu Sabina A. 
Published: January 2020

In obstructive lung diseases such as asthma and COPD dysp- nea is a common respiratory symptom with different charac- teristics given the different pathogenic mechanisms: in COPD initially it can occur during exertion but then it increases pro- gressively along with the airflow obstruction, whereas in asthma it occurs episodically and is caused by transient bron- choconstriction. The language of dyspnea includes a large range of clinical descriptors which have been evaluated for their correlation (of one or several descriptors) with underlying physiologic/phys- iopathologic mechanisms. These studies were done in asthma rather than in COPD, and dyspnea descriptors were found to be useful in identifying patients with life-threatening asthma. However further studies are needed to further explore such descriptors and their clinical utility. This review discusses dyspnea mechanisms in various obstructive lung disease subsets as well as the descriptors of dyspnea and their utility in clinical practice.
Fine-scale vertical structure of sound-scattering layers over an east border upwelling system and its relationship to pelagic habitat characteristics
Authors: Diogoul Ndague , Brehmer Patrice , Perrot Yannick , Tiedemann Maik , Thiam Abou , El Ayoubi Salaheddine , Mouget Anne , Migayrou Chloé , Sadio Oumar , Sarré Abdoulaye 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Understanding the relationship between sound-scattering layers (SSLs) and
pelagic habitat characteristics is a substantial step to apprehend ecosystem
dynamics. SSLs are detected on echo sounders representing aggregated marine
pelagic organisms. In this study, SSL characteristics of zooplankton and
micronekton were identified during an upwelling event in two contrasting
areas of the Senegalese continental shelf. Here a cold upwelling-influenced
inshore area was sharply separated by a strong thermal boundary from a
deeper, warmer, stratified offshore area. Mean SSL thickness and SSL vertical
depth increased with the shelf depth. The thickest and deepest SSLs were
observed in the offshore part of the shelf. Hence, zooplankton and
micronekton seem to occur more frequently in stratified water conditions
rather than in fresh upwelled water. Diel vertical and horizontal migrations
of SSLs were observed in the study area. Diel period and physicochemical
water characteristics influenced SSL depth and SSL thickness. Although
chlorophyll-a concentration insignificantly affected SSL characteristics, the
peak of chlorophyll a was always located above or in the middle of the SSLs,
regularly matching with the peak of SSL biomass. Such observations indicate
trophic relationships, suggesting SSLs to be mainly composed of
phytoplanktivorous zooplankton and micronekton. Despite local hypoxia, below
30 m depth, distribution patterns of SSLs indicate no vertical migration
boundary. The results increase the understanding of the spatial organization of mid-trophic species and migration patterns of zooplankton and micronekton, and they will also improve dispersal models for organisms in upwelling regions.
A perspectiva de professores de Educação Física sobre a Escola de Tempo Integral
Authors: Zambelli Ricardo Manoel , Ribeiro Olívia Cristina Ferreira , Spolaor Gabriel Da Costa , Santana Gustavo José , Silva Débora Alice Machado da , Prodocimo Elaine 
Published: January 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a inserção da Educação Física (EF) em duas escolas que participaram do projeto Educação de Tempo Integral implantado no município de Campinas/SP. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 11 professores/as de EF que atuavam nas referidas escolas. Foram analisados os seguintes elementos: jornada de trabalho, estrutura de trabalho, matriz curricular, planejamento e interdisciplinaridade. Os resultados mostraram que não houve uma adequação da estrutura física para implementação da jornada completa; houve aumento na quantidade de aulas de Educação Física; há dificuldade na realização de planejamento conjunto e trabalho interdisciplinar.
RUBBER SURFACE OXIDATION EFFECT ON WET FRICTION
Authors: Roberts Alan D. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The presence of a liquid can prevent moving surfaces from coming into intimate contact. With smooth-surfaced rubber, it is possible to examine by optical interferometry the shape and thickness of liquid films between the surfaces. Furthermore, in water lubrication, if the acidity or alkalinity of the water is altered, laboratory friction measurements reveal the impact on its lubricity. Extensive testing shows that some rubber materials are more sensitive to water pH than others, and air aging has an influence on the results. In some circumstances the level of wet friction can decrease by two orders of magnitude—a surprising result by normal lubrication experience. These water pH results are described in some detail and mechanistic explanations are offered. The overall conclusion is that pH and the state of oxidation of a rubber surface can have a marked effect on its water-lubricated friction.
Identificação da síndrome de Burnout em motoristas do transporte da saúde
Authors: Zanin Caroline Estéfani , Angonese Amanda Saraiva 
Published: January 2020

O estudo objetivou verificar a ocorrência da Síndrome de Burnout nos Motoristas do Transporte da Saúde, analisando-se as consequências que esta pode trazer para a vida do profissional. A pesquisa é de abordagem quanti-qualitativa e de caráter descritivo. Aplicou-se o formulário do Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-HSS) para identificação da síndrome e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Participaram da investigação 14 Motoristas da Saúde dos municípios que compõem a Agência de Desenvolvimento Regional de município do interior do estado de Santa Catarina. Para a análise dos dados relativos ao instrumento MBI-HSS, foram seguidas as normas apresentadas pelo instrumento e, para a análise dos dados da entrevista, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2009). Os resultados apontaram a manifestação da Síndrome de Burnout nessa categoria de trabalhadores (93% dos entrevistados). Conclui-se que a manifestação da síndrome neste público ocorre pela profissão ocasionar intenso estresse e exposição a fatores nocivos.
The use of sprayed concrete in the strengthening of earthquake risk buildings
Authors: Leuchars J. M. 
Published: January 2020

Sprayed concrete has become an accepted efficient strengthening system for the strengthening and upgrading of masonry earthquake risk buildings. The standard of sprayed concrete in New Zealand has improved greatly over the past five years and has now reached a stage where the finish achieved matches that of formed fair faced concrete. The current state of the art in New Zealand in the preparation, placement and finishing of the concrete is described.
The design of the sprayed concrete walls for earthquake loads is described with particular attention being paid to the Author's current practice for detailing and placement of reinforcing.
The role of reinsurance in earthquake risk assessment
Authors: Porro B. 
Published: January 2020

This paper deals with the assessment of catastrophe perils from a reinsurance point of view. Taking earthquake as an example, we try to answer two crucial questions
- What are the factors that most influence the premium?
- How can we arrive at (maximum) event losses?
In a first paragraph, we try to define catastrophe losses in contrast to single risk losses. Then we discuss in some detail the elements that have the largest impact on catastrophe losses: size and frequency of earthquake events, vulnerability of the insured interests exposed and the conditions of the earthquake endorsement.
New Zealand is taken as an example to show how risk premiums can be calculated and how we can arrive at maximum probable/possible losses with a certain occurrence probability.
Finally, based on the questions we want to answer, the basic information needs in the entrepreneurial reinsurance environment are touched upon. The paper is intended as an introduction to the verbal presentation and the following discussion.
Earthquake risk buildings
Authors: Hopkins David C. , McKay Garry R. , Shephard R. Bruce 
Published: January 2020

The power to classify buildings as earthquake risk has been available to local authorities since 1968. Through provisions in the Local Government Act, local authorities could require owners to strengthen or demolish buildings so classified. Authorities throughout New Zealand have progressively taken up these powers and many unreinforced masonry buildings have been demolished or strengthened. Relatively few owners have challenged the local authority's classification and it took until 1989 for a Council's ruling to be challenged in the District Court. During that year, three cases were heard, and the authors as members of a statutory panel of experts, were called upon to assist the judges. The experience provided a valuable, if long delayed, learning experience for the Courts, local authorities building owners and engineers. The Council's ruling was upheld in only one of the three cases.
This paper describes each case and draws attention to some engineering and procedural aspects which contain lessons for those involved in future applications. The main lessons for engineers include the need for adequate preparation and presentation for the standard of proof required by the court.
Comparative study of four passive energy dissipation systems
Authors: Aiken Ian D. , Nims Douglas K. , Kelly James M. 
Published: January 2020

Passive energy dissipation devices have the potential to increase the seismic resistance of a structure by increasing its capability to dissipate energy and by reducing the seismic demand on the structure. They offer particular promise for seismic retrofitting as well as extensive applications in new construction.
This paper describes and compares earthquake simulator tests of four new types of passive energy dissipators that were performed at the Earthquake Engineering Research Center of the University of California at Berkeley. The four types of energy dissipator are a Coulomb friction damper; a self-centering friction device in which the slip load is proportional to the slip displacement; a viscoelastic shear damper; and a shape memory alloy. Two different model structures were used in the experimental studies, and the energy dissipators were incorporated as part of the bracing systems of the structures.