bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteome and transcriptome profile analysis reveals regulatory and stress-responsive networks in the russet fruit skin of sand pear
Authors: Wang Yuezhi , Dai Meisong , Cai Danying , Shi Zebin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe epidermal tissues of the cuticular membrane (CM) and periderm membrane (PM) confer first-line protection from environmental stresses in terrestrial plants. Although PM protection is essentially ubiquitous in plants, the protective mechanism, the function of many transcription factors and enzymes, and the genetic control of metabolic signaling pathways are poorly understood. Different microphenotypes and cellular components in russet (PM-covered) and green (CM-covered) fruit skins of pear were revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The two types of fruit skins showed distinct phytohormone accumulation, and different transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. The enriched pathways were detected by differentially expressed genes and proteins from the two omics analyses. A detailed analysis of the suberin biosynthesis pathways identified the regulatory signaling network, highlighting the general mechanisms required for periderm formation in russet fruit skin. The regulation of aquaporins at the protein level should play an important role in the specialized functions of russet fruit skin and PM-covered plant tissues.
Study and analysis of a DC–DC soft‐switched buck converter
Authors: Alavi Peyman , Babaei Ebrahim , Mohseni Parham , Marzang Vafa 
Published: February 2020

In this study, a soft‐switched buck converter is proposed and analysed. In this structure, by adding an auxiliary inductor and two auxiliary capacitors, zero‐voltage switching condition for switch's turn on and near to soft‐switching condition for switch's turn off are provided. Furthermore, the power diode turns off under zero‐current switching condition. As a result, switching losses and reverse recovery losses have been eliminated, and the proposed converter can provide high efficiencies. To prove the mentioned advantages, a 200 W laboratory prototype of the proposed converter is built and its results are investigated completely. On the basis of these results, the proposed converter can provide 96.1% experimental efficiency at 200 W output power, which proves the 96.78% theoretical efficiency. Also, in comparison results, it is shown that this converter not only provides higher efficiency in comparison with other structures, but also it has less components and simpler structure than other related buck converters.
Constraining the cosmic ray spectrum in the vicinity of the supernova remnant W28: from sub-GeV to multi-TeV energies
Authors: Phan V. H. M. , Gabici S. , Morlino G. , Terrier R. , Vink J. , Krause J. , Menu M. 
Published: February 2020

Context. Supernova remnants interacting with molecular clouds are ideal laboratories to study the acceleration of particles at shock waves and their transport and interactions in the surrounding interstellar medium.
Aims. Here, we focus on the supernova remnant W28, which over the years has been observed in all energy domains from radio waves to very-high-energy gamma rays. The bright gamma-ray emission detected from molecular clouds located in its vicinity revealed the presence of accelerated GeV and TeV particles in the region. An enhanced ionization rate has also been measured by means of millimeter observations, but such observations alone cannot tell us whether the enhancement is due to low-energy (MeV) cosmic rays (either protons or electrons) or the X-ray photons emitted by the shocked gas. The goal of this study is to determine the origin of the enhanced ionization rate and to infer from multiwavelength observations the spectrum of cosmic rays accelerated at the supernova remnant shock in an unprecedented range spanning from MeV to multi-TeV particle energies.
Methods. We developed a model to describe the transport of X-ray photons into the molecular cloud, and we fitted the radio, millimeter, and gamma-ray data to derive the spectrum of the radiating particles.
Results. The contribution from X-ray photons to the enhanced ionization rate is negligible, and therefore the ionization must be due to cosmic rays. Even though we cannot exclude a contribution to the ionization rate coming from cosmic-ray electrons, we show that a scenario where cosmic-ray protons explain both the gamma-ray flux and the enhanced ionization rate provides the most natural fit to multiwavelength data. This strongly suggests that the intensity of CR protons is enhanced in the region for particle energies in a very broad range covering almost six orders of magnitude: from ≲100 MeV up to several tens of TeV.
Is the level of diffusion restriction in celiac and cervico-thoracic sympathetic ganglia helpful in their proper recognition on PSMA ligand PET/MR?
Authors: Bialek Ewa J. , Malkowski Bogdan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aim To check if diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) might be helpful in proper recognition of celiac (CG) and cervicothoracic (CTG) sympathetic ganglia on the whole-body multimodal PSMA-ligand PET/MR imaging, in the view of their common misleading avidity on PET potentially suggestive of malignant lesions, including metastatic lymph nodes.
Methods The thickness and the level of diffusion restriction was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively in 406 sympathetic ganglia (189 CTG in 101 males and 217 CG in 116 males) on DWI maps (b-value 0 and 800 s/mm2) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps (mean ADC) of the whole-body PET/MR 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MR. To form a reference group of a matching ganglia size, the smallest lymph node was chosen from each patient with metastases and underwent the same procedure.
Results Very low and low level of diffusion restriction was noted in the majority of sympathetic ganglia (81.0 % CTG, 67.3 % CG, and 73.6 % of all). In the majority (91.7 %) of metastatic lymph nodes the level of diffusion restriction was moderate to high.The mean ADC values in sympathetic ganglia were statistically significantly higher in CTG, CG and all ganglia than in metastatic lymph nodes (p < 0.001; the effect size was large).
Conclusions Sympathetic celiac and cervicothoracic ganglia present very low and low level of diffusion restriction in visual DWI assessment, and significantly higher than metastatic lymph nodes mean ADC values in the majority of cases, which may serve as additional factors aiding differential diagnosis on multimodal PSMA-ligand PET/MR imaging.Therefore, PSMA-ligand PET/MR appears potentially superior to PSMA-ligand PET/CT in proper identification of sympathetic ganglia.
Prosthetic Reconstruction of Superior Vena Cava System for Thymic Tumor: A Retrospective Analysis of 22 Cases
Authors: Zhang Zhenglong , Huang Minhui , Pan Xiaojie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to report our experience in superior vena cava (SVC) resection and reconstruction for 22 thymic tumor patients and to make comparisons with previous related reports.
Methods A retrospective study on 22 patients (15 thymomas, 7 thymic cancers) who underwent tumor resection with concomitant SVC reconstruction. All the patients underwent vascular conduit reconstruction by the cross-clamping technique. The corresponding data were reviewed, including clinical presentation, operation management (surgery procedure, selection of suitable graft, strategies against SVC syndrome, etc.), postoperative cares (antithrombotic agent application, treatments on brain edema, etc.), and follow-up information.
Result Two patients were myasthenic, well controlled by oral pyridostigmine. All resections were radical (R0). Ten patients received induction treatment. All the 15 thymoma patients were Masaoka stage III (type B1–B3). As for thymic cancer, six patients were Masaoka stage III and one was stage IVa. Wedge pulmonary resection was performed in three patients (two right upper lobe, one both upper lobe). Procedures included were single graft replacement in 12 patients, bilateral grafts in 9, and Y-shaped graft in 1 patient. Anticoagulation and dehydration agents were routinely applied after operation. No perioperative mortalities were observed. Major complication rate was 9.1%. The median survival time was 44.2 months (range, 4–92 months). Three- and 5-year overall survival rates were 80.8 and 44.0%, respectively. As for conduit patency, two grafts (9.1%) demonstrated evidence of occlusion during long-term follow-up, but no additional interventions were required due to no complications related.
Conclusion Our study, confirming data from existing literature, showed that the prosthetic reconstruction of the SVC system is a feasible additional procedure during resection of thymic tumor infiltrating the venous mediastinal axis, minimally increasing postoperative complications in experienced hands.
The Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery Fascia Flap in Rats
Authors: Saffari Tiam M. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background An adipofascial flap in the rat may provide new options for adding vascularization to scarred or nonvascularized beds for a variety of research studies. Current literature lacks sufficient description for a simple reproducible flap model for a vascularized pedicled flap in rats, in particular for neovascularization of allograft nerves for the reconstruction of sciatic nerve defects. The purpose of this study was to describe a surgical technique and determine long-term survivability for the pedicled superficial inferior epigastric artery fascial (SIEF) flap in the rat to meet requirement for a tunneled adipofascial flap to add vascularization to the sciatic nerve area.
Methods The technique and use of a 4 × 3-cm SIEF flap are described. Twenty Lewis rats underwent the technique to determine feasibility. The flap was wrapped around processed allograft nerve reconstructions and viability of the flap was evaluated after 12 and 16 weeks. To visualize vessels, nerve grafts were harvested at 12 weeks and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and an antibody against microvessels (CD-34).
Results All flaps remained viable after survival of 12 and 16 weeks. Complications included one hematoma formation and two lymphocele formations that did not have any impact on the flap. Immunohistochemistry confirmed an increase in microvessels and Schwann cell nuclei in the SIEF group compared with nerve samples from the unoperated, contralateral side.
Conclusion A pedicled adipofascial flap model in the rat to provide a vascular bed for sciatic nerve reconstruction is detailed with long-term survivability evaluation of the flap. This flap is technically simple to be harvested and is suitable for revascularization procedures of various tissues in the lower abdomen, genital area, thigh, or upper limb of the rat.
Comparison of Shaping Ability of Different Single-File Systems Using Microcomputed Tomography
Authors: Elashiry Mohamed Mohamed , Saber Shehab Eldin , Elashry Salma Hasan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives To evaluate the shaping ability of four different single-file systems using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).
Materials and Methods Eighty mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of permanent mandibular molars were randomly assigned to four groups according to the file used; WaveOne Gold, RECIPROC Blue, HyFlex EDM, and One Shape (n = 20). The samples were scanned using micro-CT for the preinstrumentation record; then the canals were instrumented and scanned for the postinstrumentation records.
Statistical Analysis The data were then analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the level of significance set at α = 0.05.
Results The results of canal centering ratio and canal transportation showed that no significant difference was found among the four file groups at the middle and the coronal levels. However, a significant difference was found at the apical level (p < 0.05), where WaveOne Gold showed the best centering ratio and the least amount of canal transportation. The change in the canal volume was significant at the coronal level (p < 0.05), whereas the change in the canal volume was higher for the HyFlex EDM group than the other groups. No significant difference was found between the other groups at the apical level, middle level, or in the total percentage of canal volume.
Conclusion WaveOne Gold produced a more centralized canal preparation with a lesser amount of transportation at the apical level. HyFlex EDM showed the highest canal volumetric change at the coronal level. The interim design of the endodontic files has a high impact on the behavior of the file inside the root canal.
A self-adjusting platinum surface for acetone hydrogenation
Authors: Demir Benginur , Kropp Thomas , Rivera-Dones Keishla R. , Gilcher Elise B. , Huber George W. , Mavrikakis Manos , Dumesic James A. 
Published: February 2020

Significance
A collaborative approach containing reaction kinetics measurements under steady-state and transient conditions, electronic structure calculations employing density-functional theory, and microkinetic modeling on acetone hydrogenation is employed to provide insights into understanding the self-adjusting platinum surface for the hydrogenation of oxygenates over a wide range of reaction conditions. Elucidation of the repulsive interactions and the corresponding self-adjusting catalyst surface properties at various reaction conditions provides a basis to formulate rate expressions for heterogeneous catalytic processes used in the chemical industry.
The Disparate Impact of Up-or-Out Promotion Policy on Fertility Timing
Authors: Park Kyung H , Rim Nayoung 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
There is growing evidence that childbirth can have especially adverse effects on the career advancement of women. Our study examines how this affects the fertility decisions of men and women on the partner track. We use the After the JD study, a rich panel data set on a nationally representative sample of lawyers, and find that women are more likely than men to delay their first child until after the promotion decision is resolved. This difference in fertility timing is not easily explained by gender-based sorting; however, descriptive evidence suggests that reduced employer investment in mothers and social norms that tie women to child care are relevant mechanisms.
Protein recognition of immobilized ligands: promotion of selective adsorption.
Authors: Hutchens T W , Porath J O 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We are using simple immobilized ligands to evaluate the biochemistry and mechanisms of selective, high-affinity, protein adsorption events. Several specific means have recently been developed to more selectively utilize the favorable entropy changes associated with the displacement of protein-bound water during the formation and stabilization of protein-ligand recognition events. For protein and peptide immobilization these include, besides hydrophobic interaction, for example, metal ion, pi-electron-mediated, and thiophilic interactions. This latter type of protein-ligand recognition process represents a previously unrecognized interaction mechanism of considerable selectivity, affinity, and utility. Specific examples of the above-mentioned principles and protein fractionations include (a) thiophilic adsorption of immunoglobulins to achieve immunoglobulin-free serum for in vitro production and purification of monoclonal antibodies and (b) urea-induced binding of estrogen-receptor proteins to immobilized DNA. The interaction mechanisms are discussed in terms of the molecular architecture of protein surfaces. We present possibilities for the further utilization of these immobilized ligands and their associated proteins in the areas of clinical biochemistry and immunology.
Immunological capture of nucleic acid hybrids and application to nonradioactive DNA probe assay.
Authors: Rashtchian A , Eldredge J , Ottaviani M , Abbott M , Mock G , Lovern D , Klinger J , Parsons G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Antibodies specific for DNA:RNA hybrids were coated onto polystyrene test tubes and applied to hybridization assays involving DNA and RNA. Synthetic DNA probes complementary to 16S rRNA of Campylobacter were labeled with biotin and hybridized to ribosomal RNA directly in lysates of bacterial cells. After hybridization, DNA:RNA hybrids were captured with immobilized anti-DNA:RNA antibody, and the biotinylated probe was detected with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) conjugate. The assay was optimized to detect as few as 70,000 Campylobacter cells in a sample. We compared the utility of this hybridization assay with that of conventional microbiology methods by examination of 1448 stool samples from hospital clinical laboratories. The DNA hybridization assay had a sensitivity of 98.7% (75/76) and a specificity of 98.2% (1347/1372) and overall agreed with 98.2% of the conventional results for a test population that had a 5.2% incidence (76/1448) of Campylobacter infection. The assay is simple to perform and yields results within 2.5 h.
"Architextured" fluid management of biological liquids.
Authors: Columbus R L , Palmer H J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Novel "architextured" liquid-spreading and capillary flow systems are described as an adjunct to diagnostic procedures that range from the fully automated to techniques requiring no instrumentation. These systems were developed because of the observation that local features of macroscopic surfaces--roughness and chemical heterogeneity--influence both the spreading rate and equilibrium shape of liquid drops on solid surfaces. By use of organized patterns of surface structure complemented by surface chemical modification, this uncontrolled and undirected capillary flow is recast into flow behavior that is remarkably reproducible. Flow fronts are engineered to have prescribed shapes, and flow rates that are insensitive to the rheological properties of the biological liquids are obtained. To demonstrate the utility of fluid-management principles, we describe the implementation of architextured capillary configurations in microvolume liquid dispensers and potentiometric analytical systems.
Performance of an in-vivo, continuous blood-gas monitor with disposable probe.
Authors: Miller W W , Yafuso M , Yan C F , Hui H K , Arick S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A fluorescence-based fiber optic measurement system has been developed for monitoring pH, pCO2, and pO2 through a 20-gauge radial artery catheter without compromising capabilities for monitoring arterial pressure or for blood withdrawal. The measuring probe consists of three optical fibers to which the sensing chemistries are attached, and a thermocouple that measures temperature. The probe is designed to meet in-vivo biocompatibility requirements for a one-time use of up to 72 h. The components that are in contact with the patient's blood are nontoxic, nonhemolytic, nonthrombogenic, and sterilizable. Blood compatibility is enhanced by including covalently bound heparin. The in-vitro accuracy of the system has been tested against commercial blood-gas measurement instruments; comparison with tonometry and blood gas values gave r greater than or equal to 0.98 for all three sensors. The standard error for all sensors was within the College of American Pathologists' accuracy guidelines for measuring blood gas. Instrumental drift was minimal, indicating that system performance characteristics should not be the limiting factor in obtaining clinically useful information for up to 72 h. The response times of the sensors in animal and in-vitro studies were less than 2 min, suitable for monitoring physiological changes in blood gas values.
Application of novel chromium dioxide magnetic particles to immunoassay development.
Authors: Birkmeyer R C , Diaco R , Hutson D K , Lau H P , Miller W K , Neelkantan N V , Pankratz T J , Tseng S Y , Vickery D K , Yang E K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We have used chromium dioxide magnetic particles as the solid support in developing a series of immunological tests. The high surface area (greater than 40 m2/g) available on the magnetic particles and their easy dispersion throughout a solution allow for rapid and complete capture of the target antigen. The magnetic responsiveness of the particles allows for rapid, high-efficiency washing to reduce nonspecific binding, which often limits the sensitivity of serological assays. These features form the basis of extremely rapid and flexible assays for several hormones and markers of cancer and infectious disease. Most of the assays involve monoclonal antibodies. Here we describe specific performance characteristics for thyroxin, follitropin, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB, and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All of the assays are performed in less than 90 min, many in 30 to 45 min. The technology is highly flexible and is suitable for a variety of formats, from manual to fully automated.
Immunoassay of digoxin by differential centrifugation.
Authors: Lentrichia B B , Sciotto-Brown S J , Turanchik M F , Ropiak I K , Yeung K K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We describe an immunoassay of digoxin that exploits the differential sedimentation rate between two types of latex particles in a microcentrifugal analyzer. Conventional polystyrene latex particles (relative density = 1.05), sensitized with antibody, are first suspended with the sample and then mixed with digoxin-sensitized latex particles (relative density = 1.5). In the absence of digoxin in the sample, the two particle types bind to each other and, when subjected to centrifugal force, are cleared from the solution simultaneously. In the presence of digoxin, the binding between the particles is inhibited in proportion to the concentration of the drugs; the particles therefore can be differentially sedimented in 1 min. We measured the resulting absorbance to quantify the number of less-heavy particles and used the assay to generate a linear standard curve from 0 to 5 micrograms/L. Because the detection limit of the assay depends on the concentrations of both particle types, we optimized the assay by using two-dimensional analysis. Interference from rheumatoid factor was negligible up to 800 kilo-int. units/L. Precision studies indicated CVs between 5% and 13% within-run and between 4% and 9% for run-to-run in this endpoint assay.
Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies compared for radioimmunoassay of somatomedin-C in patients with acromegaly or hypopituitarism.
Authors: Burrin J M , Paterson J L , Sharp P S , Yeo T H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We used a synthetic recombinant analog of somatomedin-C (Sm-C) to directly compare the performance of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for measuring Sm-C in serum of normal persons and in acromegalic or hypopituitary patients. Mean concentrations of Sm-C in healthy adults were 181 (SD 42) micrograms/L as measured with the monoclonal antibody, 194 (SD 61) micrograms/L with the polyclonal antibody. Both antisera gave excellent discrimination between acromegalics and normals. However, the assay with the polyclonal antibody was more sensitive than that with the monoclonal antibody (lower detection limits: 5 vs 100 micrograms/L) and thus better suited for quantifying Sm-C in samples from hypopituitary patients.
Two-monoclonal-antibody "sandwich"-type assay of human lutropin, with no cross reaction with choriogonadotropin.
Authors: Odell W D , Griffin J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We have developed a sensitive, specific, noncompetitive sandwich-type assay for human lutropin (hLH). Two monoclonal antibodies are used, and there is no cross reaction with human choriogonadotropin (hCG) or human follitropin (hFSH), and little or none with human thyrotropin (hTSH). There also is no reaction with the free beta chains of hLH and hCG. The detection limit is less than 0.5 int. units of hLH per liter of serum, and the dose-response curve is linear between 0 and 10 int. units/L. The intra-assay CV averaged 5.4% at low doses of hLH; the interassay CV averaged 12.5%.