bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Discovery of Breast Cancer Risk Gene and Establishment of Prediction Model Based on Estrogen Metabolism Regulation
Authors: Zhao Feng , Hao Zhixiang , Zhong Yanan , Xu Yinxue , Guo Meng , Zhang Bei , Yin Xiaoxing , Li Ying , Zhou Xueyan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
In this study, we aim to uncover the relationship between estrogen levels and the genetic polymorphism of estrogen metabolism-related enzymes with breast cancer (BC) and establish a risk prediction model based on polygenic risk score.
Methods
Unrelated BC patients and healthy subjects were recruited for analysis of the estrogen levels and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of estrogen metabolism-related enzymes. The polygenic risk score (PRS) was used to explore the combined effect of multiple genes which was calculated using a Bayesian approach. The independent sample t test was used to evaluate the difference between PRS scores of BC and healthy subjects. Discriminatory accuracy of the models was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).
Results
The estrogen homeostasis profile was disturbed in BC patients, with parent estrogens (E1, E2) and carcinogenic catechol estrogens (2/4-OHE1, 2-OHE2, 4-OHE2) significantly accumulated in the serum of BC patients. Then,we established PRS model to evaluate the role of multiple genes SNPs. The PRS model 1 (M1) was established from 6 GWAS-identified high risk genes SNPs. On the basis of M1, we added 7 estrogen metabolism enzyme genes SNPs to establish PRS model 2 (M2). The independent sample t test results show that there is no difference between BC and healthy subjects in M1 (P = 0.17), however, there is significant difference between BC and healthy subjects in M2 (P = 4.9*10− 5). The ROC curve results also show that the accuracy of M2 (AUC = 62.18%) in breast cancer risk identification was better than M1 (AUC = 54.56%).
Conclusion
Estrogens and the related metabolic enzymes gene polymorphisms are closely related to BC. The model constructed by adding estrogen metabolic enzyme genes SNPs has a good ability in breast cancer risk prediction, and the accuracy is greatly improved comparing PRS model only includes GWAS-identified genes SNPs.
Assessment of Online Patient Education Materials Designed for People with Age-Related Macular Degeneration&nbsp;
Authors: Fortuna Jennifer K , Riddering Anne , Shuster Linda , Lopez-Jeng Cassie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic eye condition that leads to permanent vision loss in the central visual field. AMD makes reading challenging and inefficient. People with AMD often find it difficult to access, process and understand written patient education materials (PEMs). To promote health literacy, the demands of written PEMs must match the literacy capacities of the target audience. This study aims to evaluate the readability (grade level) and suitability (appropriateness) of online PEMs designed for people with AMD. Methods: Online PEMs were sourced from websites of national organizations providing patient education materials designed for people with AMD. The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level formula and the Suitability Assessment of Materials instrument were used to assess the readability and suitability of PEMs. Descriptive statistics were used to compare online PEMs by organization based on national guidelines for readability level (≤ sixth grade) and the recommended suitability score (≥ 70%) for “superior” material.Results: One hundred online PEMs were evaluated from websites of 16 professional organizations. The mean readability level was 9.3 (range 5.0-16.6). The mean suitability score was 53% (range 18%-78%). Only six (6%) of PEMs achieved the recommended guidelines for readability level and suitability score.Conclusion: The majority of online PEMs designed for people with AMD were written above the recommended readability level, and below the suggested suitability score. To promote health literacy, the demands of written health information must match the reading capacities of the target audience. Heeding to evidence-based guidelines for providing written information to patients with low health literacy and low vision is beneficial for both patients and health care providers. Future research is warranted.
An exploratory study to estimate cost-effectiveness threshold value for life saving treatments in western Iran
Authors: Moradi Najmeh , Woldemichael Abraha , Malekian Parisa , Rotavandi Delnia Moradi , Rezaei Satar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cost-effectiveness analysis provides a crucial means for evidence-informed decision-making on resource allocation. This study aims to elicit individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for one additional quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained from life-saving treatment and associated factors in Kermanshah city, western Iran.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on a total of 847 adults aged 18 years and above to elicit their WTP for one additional QALY gained by oneself and a family member using a hypothetical life-saving treatment. We used a multistage sampling technique to select the samples, and the Iranian version of EQ-5D-3L, and visual analogue scale (VAS) measures to obtain the participants’ health utility value. The Tobit regression model was used to identify the factors affecting WTP per QALY values.Results: The mean WTP value and standard deviation (SD) was US$ 862 (3,224) for the respondents and US$ 1,355 (3,993) for the family members. The mean utility values using EQ-5D-3L and VAS methods were 0.779 and 0.800, respectively. Besides, the WTP for the additional QALY gained by the individual participants using the EQ-5D-3L and VAS methods were respectively US$ 1,202 and US$ 1,101, while the estimated value of the family members was US$ 1,355 (SD= 3,993). The Tobit regression models indicated that monthly income, education level, sex, and birthplace were statistically significantly associated (p < 0.05) with both the WTP for the extra QALY values using the EQ-5D-3L and the VAS methods. Educational level and monthly income also showed statistically significant relationships with the WTP for the additional QALY gained by the family members (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the participants' WTP value of the additional QALY gained from the hypothetical life-saving treatment was in the range of 0.20 to 0.24 of the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Iran. This value is far lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended CE threshold value of one. This wide gap reflects the challenges the health system is facing and requires further research for defining the most appropriate CE threshold at the local level.
Impact of Educational Intervention on Secondary School Students’ Knowledge, Practices and Attitudes Regarding to COVID-19
Authors: Ayed1 Manal Mohamed Ahmed , Mohamed Amel abd Elaziem , Mahmoud Thorea Mohamed , AbdElaziz Seham Mohammed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus pandemic disease 2019 is considered an emerging respiratory disease that is highly infectious and is caused by coronavirus and was detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Coronavirus has affected educational systems worldwide and led to the total closures of schools, universities, and colleges, in the middle of March 2020. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of educational intervention on secondary school students’ knowledge, practical knowledge and attitudes regarding to COVID-19. Methods: A pre/post quasi-experimental design was adopted. A total of 260 students were selected at secondary school students in Sohag City in the study from 20 April to 2 May 2020. The tools utilized in this study consists of: A self-administered questionnaire which contains four parts to assess secondary school students' demographic, knowledge regarding COVID -19, the attitude toward COVID -19 and practice regarding COVID -19 and health education Arabic booklet was prepared by the researchers. The COVID-19 related questionnaire was designed using Google forms regarding the COVID-19, the link of the survey was sent to the respondents via Facebook and Whatsapp groups. Results: A statistically significant difference between secondary students' knowledge attitudes, and practices before and after educational intervention. 202 (77.7%) had a poor pretest attitude level followed by fair (20.0%) and good 6 (2.3%). In the posttest, all 260 students had a good attitude level which improved after educational intervention implementation. (57.7%) had poor pretest practice levels followed by fair (38.3%) and good 10 (4.0%). Recommendations: It is important to encourage cooperation between educational institutions, medical care providers, and health personnel to educate secondary school students about COVID-19.
Restructuring citrus endophytic diversity through potential indigenous endophytes could eliminate huanglongbing pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus
Authors: Munir Shahzad , Li Yongmei , He Pengfei , He Pengbo , He Pengjie , Cui Wenyan , Wu Yixin , Li Xingyu , Li Qi , Hua Xiaobing , Zhao Chongjun , Zhang Sixiang , Xiong Yangsu , Wang Wenbiao , Zong Kexian , Yang Yongchao , Yang Shaocong , Mo Chan , Wen Heming , Karunarathna Samantha C. , Stephenso.n Steve L. , He Yueqiu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a major botanical pandemic of citrus crops caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Clas). It is important to understand the different mechanisms involved in interaction of pathogen with plants to develop novel management strategy against HLB. However, until now there has been no control strategy to manage this disease in vitro and on large scale in citrus grove. We found that, indigenous endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21, a patented strain isolated from healthy citrus tree, may have the potential to reduce the impact of pathogen through restructuring of core endophytes.
Results

A novel half-leaf method was developed to test the efficacy of B. subtilis L1-21 against Clas. Concentration of B. subtilis L1-21 at 104 cfu ml− 1 resulted in a 1000-fold reduction in Clas copy densities per gram of leaf midrib (107 to 104) by 4 d after treatment. With endophytes, where HLB incidence was reduced to < 3% and Clas copy density was reduced from 109 to 104 pathogen g− 1 of diseased leaf midrib. We found that 16 of 93 tree samples became Clas-free and functional pathways and pathogen resistance genes were regulated in diseased citrus trees after treatment.
Conclusions

This is the first large-scale study using an indigenous endophyte and shows its potential utility in sustainable disease management through strengthening the citrus microbiome.
Root-associated endophytic fungal community composition and structure of three medicinal licorices in Xinjiang
Authors: Dang Hanli , Wang Zhongke , Li Guifang , Mu Yudi , Lv Xinhua , Zhuang Li 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the diversity and composition of endophytic fungal community in the root of three medicinal licorices, and learn more about its biological characteristics by analyzing its interaction with soil and root factors. A total of 2,118,633 effective sequences and 1,063 effective operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 97% identity were obtained by high-throughput sequencing among 27 samples. In this study, a total of 8 phyla and 140 genera were annotated, among them, the phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and the genera Fusarium, Paraphoma and Helminthosporium were significantly dominant in the 27 samples. Wilcoxon rank sum test showed that the Shannon index was significantly different distribution between Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza inflata, especially 0-20cm at the root depth, the Chao1 index in Glycyrrhiza inflate was significantly affected by root depth, and there were significant differences in beta diversity between Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza inflata. Distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) showed that soil physicochemical properties (available potassium and ammonium nitrogen), and the root factor (liquiritin and water content) were the main contributing factors to the variations in the overall structure of endophytic fungal community in this study. This study provides useful information for formulating strategies to improve the quantity and quality of medicinal licorices.
Targeting dopamine receptor D2 as a novel therapeutic strategy in endometrial cancer
Authors: Pierce Stuart R. , Fang Ziwei , Yin Yajie , West Lindsay , Asher Majdouline , Hao Tianran , Zhang Xin , Tucker Katherine , Staley Allison , Fan Yali , Sun Wenchuan , Moore Dominic T. , Xu Chang , Tsai Yi-Hsuan , Parker Joel , Prabhu Varun Vijay , Allen Joshua E , Lee Douglas , Zhou Chunxiao , Bae-Jump Victoria 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundONC201 is a dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) antagonist that inhibits tumor growth in preclinical models through ClpP activation to induce integrated stress response pathway and mitochondrial events related to inhibition of cell growth, which is being explored in clinical trials for solid tumors and hematological malignancies. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumorigenic effect of ONC201 in endometrial cancer cell lines and a genetically engineered mouse model of endometrial cancer.MethodsCell proliferation was assessed by MTT and colony formation assays. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by Cellometer. Invasion capacity was tested using adhesion, transwell and wound healing assays. LKB1fl/flp53fl/fl mouse model of endometrial cancer were fed a control low fat diet versus a high fat diet to mimic diet-induced obesity. Following tumor onset, mice were treated with placebo or ONC201. Metabolomics and lipidomics were used to identify the obesity-dependent effects of ONC201 in the mouse endometrial tumors. DRD2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in human endometriod and serous EC specimens. DRD2 mRNA expression from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was compared between the four molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer. ResultsIncreasing DRD2 expression in endometrial cancer was significantly associated with grade, serous histology and stage, as well as worse progression free survival and overall survival. Higher expression of DRD2 mRNA was found for the Copy Number High (CNH) subtype when compared to the other subtypes.. ONC201 inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle G1 arrest, caused cellular stress and apoptosis and reduced invasion in endometrial cancer cells. Diet-induced obesity promoted endometrial tumor growth while ONC201 exhibited anti-tumorigenic efficacy in the obese and lean LKB1fl/fl/p53fl/fl mice. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that ONC201 reversed the obesity-driven upregulation of lipid biosynthesis and reduced protein biosynthesis in obese and lean mice. ConclusionONC201 has anti-proliferative and anti-tumorigenic effects in endometrial cancer cells and mouse model, and DRD2 expression was documented in both human serous and endometrioid endometrial cancer. These studies support DRD2 antagonism via ONC201 as a promising therapeutic strategy for endometrial cancer that has already demonstrated pharmacodynamic activity and clinical benefit in both serous and endometrioid endometrial cancer patients.
The First Report of Diversity Analyses of Skin Microbiome In Indonesian Leprosy Patient
Authors: Gunawan Hendra , Achdiat Pati Aji , Suwarsa Oki , Alkatirie Dhaifina , Sutedja Endang , Dwiyana Reiva Farah , Hindritiani Reti 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSkin microbiome is quiet diverse. There are several factors influencing the skin microbiome, such as skin diseases. However, the effects of leprosy on the skin microbiome remain unclear and there are only a few studies about skin microbiome on leprosy. The aim of this study was to investigate the alpha diversity of skin microbiome on lesional site of multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients who visited the top referral hospital in West Java Indonesia. Here in this study we characterize the skin microbiome in leprosy patient in compared to healthy individual by using next generation 16S rRNA sequencing. A total 18 skin swab samples were collected from 18 samples (14 leprosy patients, 4 healthy individuals).ResultsTaxonomic analysis of leprous skin lesions revealed main five phyla: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were overrepresented in leprosy patients, while Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria were diminished in leprosy patients compared to healthy individuals. The main five genera in leprous skin lesions were Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, and Propionibacterium. Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Micrococcus were enriched in leprosy patients, while Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium which have a protective role in normal skin, were diminished in leprosy patients when compared with healthy individuals. Twenty-five species were found in leprous skin lesions that were not typical in human skin and considered as potentially pathogenic. The alpha diversity analysis showed that leprous skin lesions is less diverse than that of the healthy skin microbiome.ConclusionAs a conclusion, the skin microbiome on lesional site of leprosy patient show alteration and less diverse compare to healthy individuals. This suggest that leprosy can affects skin microbiome profile or otherwise.
Structure and binding properties of Pangolin-CoV Spike glycoprotein inform the evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Wrobel Antoni G. , Benton Donald J. , Xu Pengqi , Borg Annabel , Roustan Chloë , Martin Stephen R. , Rosenthal Peter B. , Skehel John J. , Gamblin Steven J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Coronaviruses of bats and pangolins are implicated in the origin and evolution of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2. We show that Spikes from Pangolin-CoVs, closely related to SARS-CoV-2, bind strongly to human and pangolin ACE2 receptors. We also report Cryo-EM structure of Pangolin-CoV S and show it adopts a fully-closed conformation and that, aside from the Receptor-Binding Domain, it resembles the spike of a bat coronavirus RaTG13 more than that of SARS-CoV-2.
Citizens' Views on Sharing Their Health Data: the Role of Competence, Reliability and Pursuing the Common Good.
Authors: Velarde Minerva C Rivas , Tsantoulis Petros , Burton-Jeangros Claudine , Aceti Monica Aceti , Chappuis Pierre , Hurst Samia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn this article, we raise several questions regarding how people consider what they do or do not consent to and the reasons why. This article presents the findings of a citizen forum study conducted for the University of Geneva in partnership with the Geneva University Hospitals to explore the opinions and concerns of members of the public society regarding predictive oncology, genetic sequencing, and cancer. MethodsThis paper present the results of a citizen forum that included 73 participants. A research tool titled "the mechanics of consent" was design for this study. This tool is table designed to allow participants to reflect on social and research actors, types of data, and desired levels of control while sharing different types of data with different actors. Participants’ discussion that led to the completion of each table were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results The results are a compilation of responses from the mechanics of consent tool divided into two sections; the first quantitative results presenting of collective responses regarding attitudes to consent to donate their data by qualitative findings emerged from the discussion amongst participants. Discussion Choice and control of personal data is crucial for the public to be able to decide who and how to trust. Key information to be disclosed to potential research participants shall include information about potential risks and benefits; who will be accessing and using their data; as well as assurances that their choice will be respected. Furthermore, researchers ought to make sure they are trustworthy, meaning they are responsible to accept or refuse trust when it is misplaced or built upon unrealistic expectations. Finally, informed consent is one of the various elements that contribute to conducting ethical research, more needs to be done to strengthen governance and ensure adequate protection to research participants particularly to address issues related to predictive health analytics.
The Usability of Jordan Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths Surveillance (JSANDS) System: Results of Focus Group Discussions
Authors: Khader Yousef S. , Shattnawi Khulood Kayed , Al-Sheyab Nihaya , Alyahya Mohammad S. , Batieha Anwar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundJordan Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths Surveillance system (JSANDS) is a newly developed system and is currently implemented in five large hospitals in Jordan. This study aimed at exploring the healthcare professional’s perception about the usability of JSANDS. MethodsA descriptive qualitative approach, using focus group discussions, was adopted. A total of 5 focus groups including 23 focal points were conducted in five participating hospitals in Jordan. ResultsData analysis identified nine main issues related to the JSANDS system: the system usefulness, the system performance, data quality, the system limitations, human rights, female empowerment, nurses’ strengthened competencies, the sustainability of the JSANDS, and COVID-19 impact on the system. Users reported that the JSANDS data were useful, the system was simple and easy to use, and the data were accurate and complete. However, some users reported that some technical issues need to be enhanced. ConclusionsJSANDS was perceived positively by the current users. According to them, it provides a formative and comprehensive data on stillbirths and neonatal deaths and their causes, and therefore, was recommended to be adopted by its users and scaled up.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices about Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among Birzeit University students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Naseef Hani A. , Al-Shami Ni'meh , Hadba Lilian S. Abu , Humos Leen A. , Shaheen Ruba N. , Mitwasi Tanya T. , -Khairy Lina El 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aim: COVID-19 the novel corona virus that has been characterized as a pandemic; as it spreads all over the world and has so far infected more than 20 million worldwide. In Palestine, the first seven cases were documented on March 5th, 2020 followed by the declaration of the state of emergency. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 among Birzeit University students.Subject and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out, a questionnaire was developed based on the WHO, CDC, ECDC recommendations. The questionnaire was distributed online and filled by Birzeit University students. Chi-square testing was performed to check for significant association between KAP and different sociodemographic variables. Binary logistic regression performed to identify and control the confounding factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22).Results: A total of 665 students have completed the online questionnaire. The mean age was (20.55±3.069) years. Multivariate analysis revealed that males, students from health professions and scientific faculties and those with highly educated parents had manifested a good knowledge level (GKL) about Covid -19. Regarding students’ practices, less negative practices were prompted by students from health professions faculty and the students living at the middle governorate of Palestine compared to north, south and Jerusalem dwellers. With regards to the practices, the vast majority of the participants held a positive and very cautious practice towards the COVID-19 epidemic.Conclusion: Our results revealed that students had variable knowledge regarding Covid-19 and the vast majority depended on the official media briefs in Palestine as a source of information. With regards to practices, positive and cautious practices towards the COVID-19 epidemic were carried out by the vast majority of participants.