bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which Reference Genes to Choose for qPCR Normalization? A Comprehensive Analysis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Jain Nityanand , Nitisa Dina , Pirsko Valdis , Cakstina Inese 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
MCF-7 cell line remains the most extensively studied patient derived model in breast cancer research, providing pivotal results that have over the decades translated to constantly improving patient care. Many research groups, in the past have identified suitable reference genes in various breast cancer cell lines including MCF-7. However, over the course of identification of stable internal controls, a comparative analysis comprising these genes together in a single study have not been previously undertaken. Further, very little is known about how these identified reference genes are expressed in MCF-7 sub-clones and when the cell line is cultured over multiple passages (p), given the heterogenic expression behavior often associated with MCF-7 cell line. We investigated the expression dynamics of 12 previously reported and suggested endogenous reference genes using RT-qPCR, available algorithms (NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper etc.) and TCGA transcriptomic analysis within identically cultured two sub-clones (culture A1 and A2) of MCF-7 cell line cultured over multiple passages. Further candidate reference genes were used to normalize 4 genes of interest (2 simulated and 2 backed by qPCR data) to make an evidence-based recommendation of the least variable reference genes that could be used in MCF-7 cell line.
Results
The analysis revealed the presence of differential reference gene expression within the sub-clones of MCF-7. In culture A1, GAPDH-CCSER2 were identified as least variable reference gene pair while for culture A2, GAPDH-RNA28S was recommended. However, upon validation using genes of interest, both these pairs were found to be unsuitable control pairs. Normalization with 3 genes and analyzing the combined dataset from culture A1 and A2 (supported by transcriptomic analysis), GAPDH-PCBP1-CCSER2 triplet was found to be least variable and hence potentially more well placed to handle any expression heterogeneity that may arise within sub-clones over multiple passages.
Conclusions
The variance in expression behavior amongst sub-clones shows the need for exercising caution while selecting and using reference genes for MCF-7. Further, using same reference genes amongst sub-clones can lead to misleading results arising from inaccurate normalization. GAPDH-PCBP1-CCSER2 triplet offers a reliable alternative to otherwise traditionally used internal controls in optimizing intra- and inter-assay gene expression differences.
Effect of Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline on Urinary Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Funke Blake , Jackson Karen , Self Wesley , Collins Sean , Saunders Christina , Wang Li , Blume Jeffrey , Wickersham Nancy , Brown Ryan , Casey Jonathan , Bernard Gordon , Rice Todd , Siew Edward , Semler Matthew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent trials have suggested use of balanced crystalloids may decrease the incidence of major adverse kidney events compared to saline in critically ill adults. The effect of crystalloid composition on biomarkers of early acute kidney injury remains unknown.METHODS From February 15 to July 15, 2016, we conducted an ancillary study to the Isotonic Solutions and Major Adverse Renal Events Trial (SMART) comparing the effect of balanced crystalloids versus saline on urinary levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) among 261 consecutively-enrolled critically ill adults admitted from the emergency department to the medical ICU. After informed consent, we collected urine 36 ± 12 hours after hospital admission and measured NGAL and KIM-1 levels using commercially available ELISAs. Levels of NGAL and KIM-1 at 36 ± 12 hours were compared between patients randomized to balanced crystalloids versus saline using a Mann-Whitney U test.RESULTS The 131 patients (50.2%) assigned to the balanced crystalloid group and the 130 patients (49.8%) assigned to the saline group were similar at baseline. Urinary NGAL levels were significantly lower in the balanced crystalloid group (median, 39.4 ng/mg [IQR 9.9 to 133.2]) compared with the saline group (median, 64.4 ng/mg [IQR 27.6 to 339.9]) (P < 0.001). Urinary KIM-1 levels did not significantly differ between the balanced crystalloid group (median, 2.7 ng/mg [IQR 1.5 to 4.9]) and the saline group (median, 2.4 ng/mg [IQR 1.3 to 5.0]) (P = 0.36).CONCLUSIONS In this ancillary analysis of a randomized trial comparing balanced crystalloids to saline among critically ill adults, balanced crystalloids were associated with lower urinary concentrations of NGAL and similar urinary concentrations of KIM-1, compared with saline. These results suggest only a modest reduction in early biomarkers of acute kidney injury with use of balanced crystalloids compared with saline.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02444988 and NCT02547779
Total Versus Subtotal Hysterectomy for Benign Uterine Disease: Which Advantages
Authors: federici francesca , Greta Benvenga , Teresa Polimeno , Federica Renzulli , Francesca Turchiano , Francesca Vitiello , Flavia Costanzi , Paola De Marco Maria , Chiara Assorgi , Ilary Ruscito , Donatella Caserta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: to evaluate the impact of total vs subtotal hysterectomy on vaginal bleeding and intestinal, sexual and bladder disfunction.METHODS: observational study conducted on women who underwent hysterectomy for benign uterine disease at S. Andrea university hospital in Rome between July 2013 and December 2017.We selected 236 women that underwent hysterectomy for benign disease to submit a validated questionnaire during the follow up evaluation at 12 months from the surgery. One hundred and sixty-two accepted to answer (84 subtotal hysterectomy, 78 total hysterectomy).RESULTS: Twenty-one percent (n=18) of subtotal hysterectomy (SAH) and eight percent (n=6) of total(TAH) showed vaginal bleeding (p=0,015). The difference was not statistically significant for pelvic pain,nausea, alvus changes and urinary incontinence.Thirteen percent (n=10) of women subjected to subtotal hysterectomy and twenty-nine percent (n=21) ofthe totals has declared to experience pain during sexual intercourse (p=0,0159). Thirty-one percent(n=22) of TAH noted a deterioration in the quality of sex intercourses (p=0.026).Concomitant bilateral salpingo-ovariectomy, compared to salpingectomy alone, resulted in an increase in sexual dysfunction for all the analyzed outcomes with a statistically significant difference in the group of total hysterectomies (perception of pain during intercourse [p=0,029], worse quality [p=0,015] and alteredvaginal length [p=0,003]).CONCLUSION: SAH is superior to TAH in terms of sexual function but is related to more vaginalbleeding. There are no differences between the groups regarding bowel and bladder function and thedevelopment of other symptoms after surgery. For these reasons the type of surgery should be decided bythe patient after accurate medical counselling, minimizing, the incidence of salpingo-ovariectomy associatedwith hysterectomy.
Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias After Surgery for Uncomplicated Congenital Atrial Septal Defect-Case Report
Authors: Liang Ying , Guan Yulong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:Malignant ventricular arrhythmias (MVA) occurring subsequent to a repair of uncomplicated congenital heart disease is scarcely described in literature.Case presentation:One adult patient following congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) repair underwent immediate postoperative refractory MAV and ventricular fibrillation. The recurrent episodes of shocks cannot be suppressed by drugs. Emergent re-exploration was performed and repeated closure of ASD and DeVega's annuloplasty were completed. The patient had uneventful recovery and no occurrence of arrhythmia.Conclusion: Malignant ventricular arrhythmias are rare and should never be overemphasized even during the repair of uncomplicated congenital heart defect. Re-exploration should be taken into consideration when MVA occurred in the early stage postoperatively.
Embedding atomic cobalt into graphene lattices to active room-temperature ferromagnetism
Authors: Hu Wei , Wang Chao , Tan Hao , Duan Hengli , Li Guinan , Li Na , Ji Qianqian , Lu Ying , Wang Yao , Sun Zhihu , Hu Fengchun , Yan Wensheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Graphene is extremely promising for next-generation spintronics applications; however, realizing graphene-based room-temperature magnets remains a great challenge. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that robust room-temperature ferromagnetism with TC up to ~400 K and saturation magnetization of 0.11 emu/g (300 K) can be achieved in graphene by embedding isolated Co atoms with the aid of coordinated N atoms. Extensive structural characterizations show that square-planar Co-N4 moieties were formed in the graphene lattices, where atomically dispersed Co atoms provide local magnetic moments. Detailed electronic structure calculations reveal that the d-p orbital hybridization between the embedded Co and matrix N/C atoms generates spin polarization for the delocalized N/C 2pz electrons and consequently enhances the long-range coupling through Stoner ferromagnetism. This work provides an effective means to induce room-temperature ferromagnetism in graphene and may open the possibilities for developing graphene-based spintronics devices.
Comparison of Clinical Features Between Patients with Positive and Negative Appendectomy
Authors: Cakmak Guner , Ozdemir Kayhan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to retrospectively compare clinical features and prognostic values between the patients who were referred to the general surgery clinic of our hospital with the presumed diagnosis of acute appendicitis and underwent positive or negative appendectomy.Methods: Patients were divided into two groups as positive (PA) (n:425) and negative appendectomy (NA) (n:425) and the data obtained were compared between these two groups. Laboratory investigations were performed in all patients, and white blood cell (WBC), mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophils count (NEU), neutrophils (%) (NEU%), C-reactive protein (CRP) and total bilirubin (TBIL) values were studied. Results: The mean MPV value was found as 7.66 in PA groups and 7.90 in NA group, and the mean MPV value was statistically significantly lower in PA group, compared to NA groups (p=0.034). The mean TBIL value was 0.75 in PA group and 0.90 in NA group, and the mean TBIL value was statistically significantly lower in PA group (p=0.034).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the other studied laboratory parameters (for all p>0.05).Conclusion: The mean MPV and TBIL values can be used as specific biomarkers in predicting positive acute appendicitis. We believe that these results will contribute to the literature and will be guiding for future studies.
Effect of High Sulfur Diet on Rumen Fermentation, Microflora and Epithelial Barrier Function in Steers
Authors: Wu Hao , Li Yan , Meng Qingxiang , Zhou Zhenming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Sulfur is essential for maintaining animal health and functional processing, but high sulfur in the diet can be toxic. The underlying mechanism for this toxicity is not clear in ruminants. Thus, we conducted experiments to evaluate the effect of excessive sulfur on rumen fermentation, microflora, and epithelial barrier function in steers through in vitro gas production and animal feeding trials.Results: The results showed that increasing the level of sulfur in substrates, decreased the total gas and methane production linearly while increasing the hydrogen sulfide gas (P<0.01). Though the high sulfur diet did not affect the rumen fermentation parameters (P>0.05), the volatile fatty acid concentration, especially the butyric acid, was increased by extra sulfur (P<0.01). Sulfur content in the diet had no significant effect (P>0.05) on most of the rumen microbes, expect Desulfovibrio, one of the major sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the rumen, whose population increased by adding extra sulfur (P<0.001). Changes in the morphology of rumen epithelium and thickening of the total epithelial layer were mainly attributed to the increase in the acanthosis cell layer and stratum basale (P<0.05). Also, the relative expression of two tight junction protein regulating genes, CLDN-1 and TJP1, were reduced with an increase in sulfur level in the diet (P<0.05).Conclusion: These results indicate that excessive sulfur in the diet can change the type of rumen fermentation, sulfate metabolism and SRB population, and the rumen epithelial barrier function.
Development of Real World Learning Opportunities in Community Exercise Prescription for Health Professional Programmes - ‘Physio Hub’
Authors: Cunningham Caitriona Gabrielle , Blake Catherine , Donoghue Grainne O , Purcell Ciaran , Persson Ulrik Mc Carthy , Craddock Karen , Mahon Sinead Mc 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Given the challenge of chronic lifestyle diseases, the shift in healthcare focus to primary care and recognised importance of a preventive approach to health, including exercise prescription, the embedding of related learning in health professional programmes is critical.Methods In response to these contemporary demands, a complex curriculum development project was undertaken at University College Dublin, employing a four dimensional curriculum framework for the development of health professional curricula that focused on (1) future orientation of healthcare practices (the why?), (2) defining capabilities of graduates (the what?), (3) teaching, learning and assessment (the how?) and (4) organisation/institution delivery (the where)? The process was informed by latest exercise, health promotion, educational and health policy literature, alongside engagement with multiple internal university and external community stakeholders. Results Having sufficient clinical education opportunity for translating exercise theory into practice was identified as a key need (the Why?). Development of strategies for health promotion and design and delivery of evidence based exercise programmes with inter-professional and inter-sectoral network building were some of the graduate capabilities identified as being critically important. (the what?) The resultant UCD Physio Hub model of clinical education combines ‘on campus’ and ‘community outreach’ activity to facilitate inter-sectoral ‘real world’ experiential student learning in health promotion and exercise prescription for both healthy and clinical populations. Underpinned by social constructivist educational theory, students are encouraged to be creative and to collaborate in responding to identified health needs of specific community groups by designing and delivering community services. (the how?) In developing new student learning opportunities to enhance curriculum, a supportive organisational culture and context was critical with UCD having excellent exercise infrastructure and the Physio Hub project aligning with a community engagement ethos articulated in the university’s strategy. (the where?) Conclusion This paper provides an overview of Physio Hub, its services, educational practices and translational research ethos, all of which are combined to deliver a rich exercise and health promotion learning experience. Although developed for physiotherapy in this instance, the curriculum process and resultant education model could be applied across medical and other health professional programmes and to facilitate interdisciplinary learning.
Sarcopenia in Elderly Major Trauma; A Single Centre Retrospective Analysis of Psoas and Masseter Muscle Groups
Authors: Varma Surabhi , Wilson Michael SJ , Naik Mitesh , Sandhu Amandeep , Ota Helen Chidera Uchenna , Aylwin Christopher , Fertleman Michael , Peck George 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: There is an emerging role for the radiological evaluation of the psoas muscle as a marker of sarcopenia, and as a prognostic discriminant in elderly patients with traumatic injuries. Older trauma patients are more likely to undergo cranial than abdomino-pelvic imaging. Identifying sarcopenia using masseter cross sectional area (M-CSA) has shown correlation with mortality. We sought to determine the correlation between psoas: lumbar vertebral index (PLVI) and the M-CSA, and their association with health outcomes. Methods: Patients aged 65 or above, who presented as a trauma call over a 1 year period were included if they underwent cranial or abdominal CT imaging. Images were retrospectively analyzed to obtain PLVI and mean M-CSA measurements. Electronic records were abstracted for demographics and outcomes. Logistic regression methods, log scale analyses, Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier plots were used to determine association of sarcopenia with outcomes. Results: There were 155 eligible patients in the M-CSA group and 204 patients in the PLVI group. Sarcopenia was defined as the lowest quartile in each group. Both PLVI and M-CSA measurements were available in 142 patients. Pearson’s correlation indicated a weakly positive linear relationship (r=0.35, p<0.001) between these. There was no statistical association between M-CSA sarcopenia status and any measured outcomes. Those with PLVI sarcopenia were more likely to die in hospital (adjusted OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.47-9.73, p=0.006) and at 2-years (adjusted HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.11-3.25, p=0.02). Only 29% patients with PLVI sarcopenia were discharged home, compared with 58% without sarcopenia (p=0.001).Conclusion: Sarcopenia, defined by PLVI, is predictive of increased in-patient and 2- year mortality. Our study did not support prognostic relevance of M-CSA. Further research should be directed at improving the validity of masseter measurements or identifying alternative radiological determinants of sarcopenia on cranial imaging.
Effect of COVID 19 on Perceived Stress, Coping Skills, Self-Control and Self-Management Skills
Authors: Altuntaş Onur , Tekeci Yasin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 is a major health crisis affecting th whole world. Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 on perceived stress, ways of coping with stress, self-control and self-management skills.Methods: This study was conducted on 882 participants. The Perceived Stress Scale, Stress Coping Style Scale, Self-Control & Self-Management Scale were used to assess participants’ perceived stress, coping stress strategies self-control skills.Results: The total score of the perceived stress of 882 participants were found to be 28.35 ± 8.23. It is seen that 60.3% of the participants have moderate level stress. Seeking of social support is the most preferred coping strategy.Conclusions: In our study, it has seen that people have moderate stress levels during the pandemic process. It is predicted that strategies such as social support and improve self-control skills play an important role to keep people's stress balance or reducing along that period.
Successful Lobectomy of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations in a Patient Misdiagnosed as Tuberculosis and Polycythemia Vera: A Case Report
Authors: Teng Peng , Li Weidong , Ni Yiming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are uncommon conditions of abnormal communications between pulmonary arteries and veins, which are most commonly congenital in nature. Although such condition is not extremely rare, it is an challenge in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary problems such as hypoxemia and pulmonary lesions.Case presentation: We report a meaningful case of a 23-year-old male presented with elevated hemoglobin (23.0 g/dl) on admission. Physical examination revealed cyanosis, digital clubbing and low oxygen saturation on room air. The patient was initially diagnosed as polycythemia vera while the subsequent result of bone marrow aspiration was negative. During further assessment, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations were detected by computed tomographic angiography of pulmonary artery. Lobectomy was successfully performed with significant increase of oxygen saturation from 86% to 98%. The patient received an uneventful postoperative recovery and was followed up for nearly 5 years without recurrence.Conclusions: Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations should be suspected in the patients with central cyanosis, digital clubbing, polycythemia and pulmonary lesion and without cardiac malformations. Embolization or surgery is highly recommended to reduce the risks caused by pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
Variants of Extended Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flap for Large Wounds in Extremities
Authors: He Jiqiang , Qing Liming , Wu Panfeng , Zhou Zhengbing , Yu Fang , Tang Juyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous (LDMC) flap increasing the size of the flap and most used for breast reconstruction. This report will share our experience in designing different extended LDMC flap for large wounds in extremities.Patients and methods: From January 2004 to December 2018, extended LDMC flaps were performed on 72 consecutive patients aged 2 to 68 years (37 men and 35 women). All the wounds were extensive, either in upper or lower limbs, the skin defect ranged from 18 ×10 cm2 to 37 × 21 cm2. Single wing and double wings extended LDMC flaps were designed and harvested based on the wounds.Results: Seventy-two patients included this series, 5 pedicle and 67 free flaps were successfully harvested. The mean flap harvest time was 56.2 min. The donor sites were closed primarily in all patients. The venous compromise was noticed on the first postoperative day in 4 cases. Two flaps were salvaged after emergency re-exploration, another two patient’s flaps were total necrosis. One of the patients was received lower extremity amputation, another patient was repaired by extended LDMC flap on the other side. The wounds healed well, providing reliable soft tissue coverage and good contour in the reconstructed areas. Five patients lost follow-up, the follow-up period ranged from 10 to 56 months (mean, 15.7 months). Patients didn’t occur significant donor site morbidities that influenced their daily activities during follow-up.Conclusion: The single wing and double wings extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps are simple and reliable methods for large skin and soft-tissue defects in extremities.