bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental impact of fuel stations on some heavy metal concentrations in nearby surface crust soils in urban areas: A case study of soil heavy metal contamination
Authors: Hussein Ahmed M. , Nhabih Hussein Talab , Jabbar Dhiaa Neama 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the present study, the chemical analysis, related to heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, and Fe) which considered the main source of pollution in soils that come from several sources, was carried out near a three fuel stations to reveal their effect on heavy metals in the nearby soils. Samples were collected from soils which are near to three Fuel stations in Al Hilla city, as a case study, it was found that the concentrations of these metals are all below the value that should be available in average shale, except that for Pb. The average concentration of metals in samples was Pb (25.47 ppm), Ni (86.65 ppm), Zn (84.38 ppm), Mn (96.71 ppm), and Fe (112.38 ppm), and a statistical analysis is done for these results to find correlations coefficients among studied elements, and the results suggested that the fuel station may compromise the nearby soils by increasing Pb concentrations in them.
Accuracy assessment of supervised classification methods for extraction land use maps using remote sensing and GIS techniques
Authors: Abbas Zahraa , Jaber Hussein Sabah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Remotely sensed imagery identifying as the best type of data has information throughout the world. The imagery has a importance information, since it can show up-date-to day information, and provide a truly information. Different kinds of classifiers have been used to perform that. However, there is no once test for Land cover and Land use in Hilla city. The study aims to create land use classification by making a comparison between different algorithms in Hilla city, Babylon, Iraq. The WorldView-2 imagery is used to perform the per-processing, analysing of our comparison. Under the steps of pre-processing, the several corrections were made and performed on the imagery. For processing stages, two approaches were used; (1) Support Vector Machine and (2) Maximum Likelihood. The result reveals, that the Support Vector Machine method has the most significant of overall accuracy equal to 94.48% with kappa coefficient equal to 0.90, and these values much better and higher than those of Maximum Likelihood algorithm in estimating and extracting of Land cover/Land use. Therefore, this algorithm has been suggested to be applied as an optimal classifier for extraction of land use maps due to its higher accuracy and better consistency within the study area.
Different Concrete Types Affecting the Bond Strength and Interfacial Joints between New and Old Concrete
Authors: Qasim Ola Adel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The connections between concrete layers of different ages may occur in a wide range of situations, from structures rehabilitation and repairs to the construction of new buildings. This research represented an experimental study of shear forces across the joint between different concretes forming a composite action. To better understand the bond mechanism at the interface between different concrete types and old and new concrete surfaces. Overlaid specimens were fabricated to measure shear bond strength at different ages. Different parameters and a significant influence on the bond strength will be presented to evaluate the shear capacity at the interface including (the shear force for three types of the concrete cast at the same time, the shear force for three types of the concrete cast at a different time and study the effect of steel fiber on bonding mechanism). The experimental work was verified with numerical analysis carried out using ANSYS software. The general behavior of the finite element models shows a proved compatibility with the experimental test results.
Experimental Investigation of Effect of Steel Fiber on Concrete Construction Joints of Prism
Authors: Qasim Ola Adel , Sultan Hussein Kareem 
Published: March 2020

AbstractJoints in construction are finishing casting points in the placing of a concrete process, and these are needed in various constructions because it is impossible to install concrete in an individual connected procedure. The quantity of mixture that can be installed at a whole time is administered by the batching and mixing ability and by the strength of the formwork. A qualified joint in construction must afford sufficient continuity in shear and flexural completed the interface. In this investigation, the influence of position and character of joints in construction on the achievement of concrete components is laboratory examined with the impact of steel fiber. Prism with dimensions of (100*100*400mm) was used. The factors examined are the position of the joints in construction (at mid-span or at the third point of the prism), construction joints type (horizontal, inclined, and vertical joints).
Effect of Salinity on Concrete Properties
Authors: Qasim Ola Adel , Maula Baydaa Hssain , Moula Hayder Hussein , Jassam Salim H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The attack of sulphate for concrete is one of the structural problems facing concrete works and has aroused the interest of researchers after the impact of this problem has appeared on many of the facilities. There are two sources of sulfur salts that attack the concrete which are external and internal, the external ones are found in the ground and surface water or the soil surrounding the concrete, the interior is within the structures of internal materials in concrete, such as aggregates, cement, water and additives. The presence of sulphate salts at high rates negatively affects the hardened cement paste due to the formation of additional quantities of Ettrengite where a large volume increase in the hardened cement paste leads to internal stresses causing cracks in the concrete mass affecting the resistance. The performance of concrete exposed to the attack of sulfur is divided into several different phenomena, such as concrete properties, absorption, and permeability. In the current investigation study, the impact of “saltwater” and “freshwater” on the characteristics of concrete (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength) are examined. Concrete cubes, prisms and cylinders were cast with normal concrete mix design were estimated. Different proportions of salt like (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50) grams/liter of water were examined. The concrete cubes, prisms, and cylinders were cured for 3, 7, 14 and 28 days with different salt proportions.
Nonlinear Analysis of Factors Effecting on Different Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Authors: Qasim Ola Adel , Moula Hayder Hussein 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A nonlinear finite element (FEM) three-dimensional model introduced in this investigation well qualified for the examination of different reinforced concrete (RC) slabs till to failure. Three-dimensional isoperimetric quadratic elements with 20-node used to simulate the concrete, while an embedded within the concrete element of one-dimensional axial members applied to simulate the reinforcing bars. Carbon fiber reinforcement laminates were simulate as element externally attached to the brick element. During the loading process, there is an ideal bond connecting the concrete and reinforcing bars in the analysis. Hardening model of elasto-plastic work using to emulate the performance of concrete in compression then it followed by response with a completely plastic and finally is discontinue at the inception of crushing. Two crack patterns with (fixed orthogonal and a smeared crack model) with a tension-stiffening design has been adopted to simulate the concrete in tension with the incorporation of retained tensile stress of post-cracking models and due to cracking a shear retention design that remodel the rigidity of shear modulus. The Modified-Newton Raphson methods including an incremental-iterative technique used for solving the nonlinear equations of equilibrium. A force convergence criterion used to control the convergence of the solution. Integration rule with 27-Gaussian quadrature used as numerical integration in this analysis. The acquire results from the FE analysis are the slabs load-deflection response and stress distribution with numerous parametric investigations to examine the impact of some significant FE and material parameters. In overall, sufficient compromise between the FE solutions and the laboratory results has been achieved.
Advantage of vertical farming over horizontal farming in achieving sustainable city, Baghdad city-commercial street case study
Authors: Khalil Hajer Ismail , Wahhab Khalid Abdul 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The research deals with the concept of vertical Farming as one of the modern concepts that emerged with the sustainable cities trends, because of limited green areas, increasing population and the lack of necessary ingredients for horizontal urban agriculture (water-energy-land), and the use of land for more profitable purposes such as commercial, residential or administrative use. Thus, the research problem emerged for the cognitive need to explore the importance and advantage of vertical Farming over horizontal Farming and the possibilities of achieving sustainable cities. The hypothesis of the research states that vertical Farming in its various forms is an essential part of sustainable city components for its social, economic advantages in general and environmental advantages in particular. Therefore, the research aims to define the possibilities of vertical Farming as an essential component of the urban context, in addition to achieving sustainable cities, and the results of their application by default to achieve environmental sustainability at the urban level in the city of Baghdad within a commercial street.
Comparison between the Behaviors of Different Concrete Types in Various Shear Tests
Authors: Qasim Ola Adel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A comparison between three direct shear test specimens of (push-off shear specimens, FIP shear test, and inverted “L” shape shear failure plane) was investigated experimentally and numerically and cast using normal, high and ultra-high-strength concrete with the effect of steel fiber. This paper presents which shear strength analysis settings in which testing operation and arrangement of mold can be performed by the simplest and at the same rate guarantees stable and steady results. Many variables were chosen to investigate its impact on shear test and behavior. These variables are grade of concrete, steel fiber volume fraction, method of testing, type of loading and size of shear failure plane area. A comparison between experimental work and the finite element method offers a powerful and generic tool for studying the behavior of many structures by ANSYS program which can represent many structures. It was found that the inclusion of steel fiber enhances the ultimate shear capacity of the concrete compared to plain concrete and leads to ductile failure method, higher ultimate strength in addition to much enhanced integrity of structure.
Optimizing the Traffic Operation System of 14th-Ramadhan Signalized Intersection in Baghdad City using HCS Technique
Authors: Al-Obaidi M K , Al-Sadik S M , Al-Mandelawee H F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purposes of the study are assessing the current level of service (LOS) at the 14th-Ramadhan signalized intersection in CBD area of Al-Mansoor district in Baghdad city and increasing the improvement of the traffic operation system by investigating appropriate proposals to increase the traffic capacity of this facility. Data of traffic flow collected using Tally mark method by many observers. Evaluation of the current intersection is to be taken in consideration using HCS Technique (2010), also existing and proposal layouts are displayed using AutoCAD (2017). The results showed that the selected traffic facility are currently suffered from serious lowering in service level causing forced conditions (LOS “F”). Thus, most important considerations should be considered for developing in the LOS by proposing many solutions. In summary, the study is proposed to execute the overpass structure (Grade Separation Bridge) along 14th-Ramadhan street from southbound to northbound directions and vice versa (two lanes in each direction) considering the third proposal (P3). By using HCS2010, the LOS will be changed from F to B assuming that it is expected to continue at higher traffic performance for approximately at least 15 year later
Flexural Behaviour of Modified Weight SIFCON Using Combination of Different Types of Fibres
Authors: Naser Fatimah H. , Abeer S.Z. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
SIFCON is featured construction material has a high strength in addition to large ductility making it convenient for special structural applications. However, the SIFCON unit weight is higher than fibre reinforced concrete due to the heavy weight of the high steel fibre content. This paper aims to investigate the flexural behaviour of Modified Weight Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Concrete (MWSIFCON) by using combination of different types of fibres which are micro steel fibres, macro hooked end steel fibres and polypropylene fibres. For this purpose, 21 prisms and 84 cubes are casted. The volumetric ratios (7%, 4% and 3%) for micro steel fibres, macro hooked end steel fibres and polypropylene fibres respectively are used of each type alone for the purpose of comparison. Moreover, hybrid fibres from combination of two types of these fibres using 50% from ratios above of each type are used to investigate the flexure behaviour of prisms. The other related properties for resulted SIFCON are studied from cube tests. The results indicate that SIFCON of combination macro hook end steel fibres with polypropylene fibres gives a good density for SIFCON with 18.66 KN/m3 and performed adequate flexure strength with 8.09 MPa. Also, it has kindly reduced in the water absorption of SIFCON.
Applying Taguchi method to control the thermal expansion effect on machining process of aluminium alloy extruded profile
Authors: Moldovan S A , Cosma M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present a technological problem encountered in the machining accuracy of the parts for aerospace, made of aluminium alloy extruded profile with 7 meters length. Those parts have very tight tolerances and on milling process appear deviations due to thermal expansion effect, that influence the repeatability of machining processes. Through several tests and recording all values during the milling process, was defined through Taguchi method the main factors which have impact on the machined parts.
Musculoskeletal multibody simulations for the optimal tribological design of human prostheses: the case of the ankle joint
Authors: Ruggiero A , D’Amato R , Ungureanu N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A thorough determination of the loading of the ankle joint is useful both for the optimal design of prostheses and for the preclinical testing in terms of tribological performances. In vivo measurements of joint forces are usually not easy in the in-vivo settings, then non-invasive in-silico methods should be considered. Nowadays resultant joint loads can be reliably estimated by using musculoskeletal modelling in an inverse dynamic approach, starting by motion data obtained in gait analysis laboratories for several human activities. The main goal of this study was to provide a set of dynamical loading curves obtained by the AnyBody Modelling SystemTM (AMS) computer software starting from ground reaction forces and kinematic data obtained by Vaughan et al. in the case of human normal gait. The model accounts for 70 Hill modelled muscles and the muscular recruitment strategy was choose as polynomial criteria. The results are presented in terms of Antero Posterior, Proximo Distal, Medio Lateral Forces and Ankle Eversion, Plantar Flexion, Axial moments, discussing their role on the synovial lubrication phenomena effect in the Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAR) for the optimal prostheses structural and tribological design.
Innovative approaches to the formation of environmental safety at the objects of oil and gas production
Authors: Shkitsa L , Yatsyshyn T , Lyakh M , Sydorenko O 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The innovative approach to environmental safety upgrade of pumping-circulatory equipment of drilling rigs based on the analysis of life history and continuous perfection principles. Examples of implementation of innovative approach in environmental safety investigation of oil and gas wells in order to define environmentally hazardous units of equipment and technological processes are given. In order to solve the problem of environmental safety improvement and the effectiveness of flushing out of well that are being drilled a modernized scheme of drilling rig pumping-circulatory system has been designed. System approach of modernizing separate elements of pumping-circulatory system has been used. The maximum air-tight pumping-circulatory drilling rig system has been designed. The proposed model takes into account the necessity of hazardous evaporations outlet with the aim of their further utilization. Such an approach will avoid the entry harmful substances into the environment and prevent harmful effects of aggressive substances on health personnel of drilling rig, environment and on state of the technological equipment.
Relevant aspects of the responsibilities in the international project management
Authors: Dascalescu A , Ungureanu M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Usually, the international Projects are of greater importance and with greater founding than national projects, involve multiple partners from different countries and are subject of nationals and international controls. The paper approach the case of international projects with EU funding, including cross-border projects and underline responsibilities of the management team both to the Project Contract and to the national laws requirements, responsibilities in managing human resources, time and costs. For a successful Project implementation, the same importance should be given to communication, visibility and dissemination rules as well as reports quality. Major importance is granted to the quality of Project results.
Sliding surface structure comparison of 3D printed polymers using FDM and DLP technologies
Authors: Hanon M M , Zsidai L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study aims to review the surface structure of the parts that are manufactured using various techniques of 3D printing. Particularly, two different methods were employed in the current work: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and digital light projection (DLP). The output of both technologies regarding the surface construction aspects was evaluated and compared. For determining the features of the surfaces, an optical microscope was utilised for taking the pictures from the cross-sectional area (upper and lower edges) and the outer face of the samples. Various magnification values have been investigated to find the best sights at the surface structure of the printed bodies. Surface roughness was examined due to its relevance to the texture properties of the fabricated pieces. The tribology of the workpieces has been tested as well. The results show that the products of the FDM technique have been characterised with a rough surface and anisotropic properties which were reflected on the examined measurements. In contrast, the DLP method has revealed objects with a very smooth surface and approximately homogeneous structure.
Some aspects of quality and risk management in natural gas measurement
Authors: Ilea P E , Stoica A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper refers to some general aspects regarding the natural gas measurement. In this paper, we try to find methods for checking the quality and risks for gas meters. It is trying to find answers to the question of how we could design and operate a gas meter so that the measurement is as accurate as possible. A process has been proposed to identify, analyse and control the emerging risks. The desirable quality of the measuring instrument requires a rigorous analysis of all aspects that could adversely affect. It also shows the interdependence between quality and risk, one cannot exist without the other. Based on these principles, the following papers propose the approach of case studies on the innovation of a new type of natural gas meter, focusing on the quality of the new product and its ability to accurately measure and prevent unauthorized consumption.
Evaluation of the technological effects of application of the FMS elements
Authors: Lukic D , Antic A , Borojevic S , Jocanovic M , Kuric I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) represent complex systems with great technological capabilities that are able to simultaneously achieve high level of flexibility, cost effectiveness and productivity. However, due to high investment cost and cost of exploitation of the FMS elements, the conditions for their rational use are required. Taking into account the increasingly complex conditions of production and launch of products, a systematic approach in the planning and implementation of FMSs is needed, thereby including the most significant technological and economical characteristics. This paper introduces two methodologies for evaluating the technological effects of application of the FMS elements at the conceptual level along with their verification for a single family of rotational parts.
Analyses of abrasive wear behaviour in Pin-on-Plate Tribo-System for several materials
Authors: Muhandes H , Kalacska A , Kalacska G 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To improve the performance of the Agricultural machinery, several composite materials were suggested as replacements of critical fast-wearing steel parts. Three possible replacements were selected (PA6E, PA6G, and PA66GF30) and examined by a pin-on-plate system with sliding abrasive cloths. The results were compared according to the pin-on-plate system with a combined property (H/E) of these materials. Then to see how the friction affected these specimens, 3D microscopic photos of the worn surfaces were taken. As results, an inverse relationship between the wear rate and H/E property for these materials, an increasing of H/E factor leads to a decrease in the wear rate. While for the 3D microscopic PA6G was the most outstanding worn surface.
Comparison of S 235 steel and DLC coated steel using Pin-on-disc method in dry sliding conditions against PA 6 countersurface
Authors: Sarankó Á , Kalácska G , Keresztes R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study presents tribological tests of S 235 steel and DLC coated steel using the pin-on-disc test method, where these materials were the pins to compare it with each other. The counter surface was Polyamide 6 (PA 6) as the disc. Two kinds of loads were used in three levels: static weight loads and static weight loads supplemented with continuously changing load. Friction forces were measured in two directions, and the temperature was also measured near the contact zone. Two dimensions diagrams were used to present the results. The same parameters were set for the two tested materials for maximum comparability. The coefficient of friction and temperature were compared. After evaluating the test results; we concluded that in the case of DLC coated steel the coefficient of friction was lower. With the added vibration-load tests this difference was significantly higher at lower load levels. Regarding the temperature, with lower loads, the temperature values were the same. When higher loads were used, the temperature values were significantly lower using DLC coated steel.