bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using every drop: rainwater harvesting for food security in Mbale, Uganda
Authors: Durodola Oludare Sunday , Bwambale Joash , Nabunya Victo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The world population is expected to increase with corresponding increase in food production and water withdrawals. To ensure continuous food production throughout the year, increasing irrigation is inevitable. However, the water available for agricultural use is inadequate due to the limited water resources globally and climate change challenges threatening water availability. The economy of Mbale, Uganda, mainly depends on rainfed agriculture. The rain season is from April to October whilst the dry season is from November to March. Therefore, this study examines the potential of rainwater harvesting for domestic and agricultural uses in Mbale. The AquaCrop model was adopted for the yield response of crops to water during the dry season. The study reveals that comparing the resulting rainwater harvesting potential with the water consumption, up to 186% of the annual water demand for domestic use, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard, can be provided. Thus, the excess harvested water from a 200 m2 rooftop was simulated for irrigation purposes, which shows that it can be used to cultivate areas of 269, 429, 125 and 388 m2 for cabbage, tomato, maize and potato respectively during dry periods. The economic analysis shows a benefit cost ratio of 1.99 over 10 years. It concludes by recommending RWH as an alternative water supply source for domestic and agricultural uses.
Spatial–temporal variation of nitrogen and diffusion flux across the water–sediment interface at the hydro-fluctuation belt of Danjiangkou reservoir in China
Authors: Wang Han , Han Yuping , Pan Lide 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Based on overlying water and sediment sample collection from 15 sites during July, September, November 2018 and January 2019 in the hydro-fluctuation belt of Danjiangkou reservoir China, the variation of nitrogen (N) was studied. And the concentrations of NH4+-N, NO3−-N and NO2−-N in the sediment, pore water and overlying water were determined to evaluate the diffusion flux across the water–sediment interface. The results showed that the lowest sediment N concentration was 36.54 mg/L in July, and the highest one was 145.93 mg/L in November. Spatially, the sediment N concentrations were higher in tidal soil and loam than in sandy soil. According to the diffusion fluxes of NH4+, NO3− and NO2−, sediments at all sites tend to release N to the overlying water except in the sampling month of November, when the sediment acts as a sink of NO3−. The highest release rates of NH4+-N and NO3−-N were 17.66 mg m−2·d−1 and 80.15 mg m−2·d−1, respectively, which are much higher than the release rate of NO2−-N (0.29 mg m−2·d−1). The findings indicate that hydro-fluctuation belt sediment contributes a lot to the nitrogen contents in the overlying water, and internal pollution is a main reason for the water quality deterioration and even eutrophication.
Sulfate radical-based oxidation of an alcohol ethoxylate (Brij30®) by the PS/UV-C process
Authors: Ecer Uzun Ç. , Kabdaşlı I. , Olmez-Hanci T. , Tünay O. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, sulfate radical-based oxidation of an alcohol ethoxylate (AE) was explored by the persulfate (PS)/UV-C process. Poly(oxyethylene)(4)laurylether, commercially known as Brij30®, was used as a model AE. PS/UV-C oxidation of aqueous Brij30® (8–20 mg/L) was performed at initial PS concentrations varying between 0.50 and 6.50 mM and at initial pH values of 3.0 and 6.0. Results indicated that an increase in both initial PS and Brij30® concentrations did not have a significant effect on Brij30® removal efficiency and that Brij30® abatements of more than 90% could be achieved after 60 min of treatment time. Total organic carbon (TOC) removals were significantly improved with increasing initial PS concentrations for both initial pH values. On the other hand, an increase in initial Brij30® concentration had a negative effect on mineralization. By employing the competitive kinetic method, the second-order reaction rate coefficient of Brij30® with the sulfate radical (SO4•−) was determined as 1.62 × 109 ± 3.5 × 107 M−1s−1. The second-order reaction rate constant of TOC, originating from Brij30® and reaction intermediates, was found to be 9.09 × 105 ± 2.91 × 105 M−1s−1 and 1.13 × 106 ± 0.46 × 106 M−1s−1 for pH values of 6.0 and 3.0, respectively. Toxicity of PS/UV-C treated aqueous Brij30® solutions towards Vibrio fischeri was also investigated to determine the possible toxic behavior of oxidation products.
The Effects of Exposure to Recent Autobiographical Events on Declarative Memory in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Preliminary Pilot Study
Authors: Gelonch Olga , Cano Neus , Vancells Marta , Bolaños Marc , Farràs-Permanyer Laia , Garolera Maite 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Individuals with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) are at heightened
risk of developing Alzheimer's dementia. In recent years, much attention has been given to the search
for new interventions to slow down the progression of cognitive decline of these patients. Wearable
digital camera devices are one form of new technology that captures images of one’s life events, so they
constitute a promising method to be used as a means to stimulate recent autobiographical memory.

Objective:
This preliminary study investigates the ability of a new cognitive intervention based on exposure
to recent autobiographical memory captured by wearable cameras to improve episodic memory in
patients with aMCI.

Method:
Seventeen subjects wore a wearable camera while they went about their daily activities. The
images captured were converted into eight different 3-minute films containing the most relevant information
of each event. The intervention involved eight individualized weekly sessions during which patients
were exposed to a different autobiographical event each week. Besides, several specific questions
were formulated within each session. Clinical questionnaires assessing cognitive reserve, premorbid intelligence,
depression, and anxiety were administered at baseline. Measures of objective episodic memory
were applied at baseline and at post-treatment.

Results:
Significant improvements were observed at post-treatment in memory measures, and significant
associations were found between memory change scores and age and cognitive reserve. Anyway,
these associations did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons.

Conclusion:
The present study provides preliminary evidence that aMCI patients may benefit from a
cognitive intervention program based on re-experiencing recent autobiographical events. However, future
studies incorporating a control group will be needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Respiratory Gating and the Performance of PET/CT in Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: Crivellaro Cinzia , Guerra Luca 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Motion artifacts related to the patient’s breathing can be the cause of underestimation
of the lesion uptake and can lead to missing of small lung lesions. The respiratory gating (RG)
technology has demonstrated a significant increase in image quality.

Objective:
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the advantages of RG technique on PET/CT performance
in lung lesions. The impact of 4D-PET/CT on diagnosis (metabolic characterization), staging and
re-staging lung cancer was also assessed, including its application for radiotherapy planning. Finally,
new technologies for respiratory motion management were also discussed.

Methods:
A comprehensive electronic search of the literature was performed by using Medline database
(PubMed) searching “PET/CT”, “gated” and “lung”. Original articles, review articles, and editorials
published in the last 10 years were selected, included and critically reviewed in order to select relevant
articles.

Results:
Many papers compared Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) in gated and ungated PET studies
showing an increase in SUV of gated images, particularly for the small lesions located in medium and
lower lung. In addition, other features as Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV), Total Lesion Glycolysis
(TLG) and textural-features presented differences when obtained from gated and ungated PET acquisitions.
Besides the increase in quantification, gating techniques can determine an increase in the diagnostic
accuracy of PET/CT. Gated PET/CT was evaluated for lung cancer staging, therapy response
assessment and for radiation therapy planning.

Conclusion:
New technologies able to track the motion of organs lesion directly from raw PET data,
can reduce or definitively solve problems (i.e.: extended acquisition time, radiation exposure) currently
limiting the use of gated PET/CT in clinical routine.
Új irányok a városfejlesztésben: a sétálható városok nyújtotta lehetőségek
Authors: Szucs Petra , Lukovics Miklos , Kezy Bela 
Published: March 2020

Napjainkban egyre inkább fókuszba kerülnek a városokban az úgynevezett urbanizációs hátrányok: a zaj, légszennyezettség, túlzsúfoltság stb. A gépjárművekegyre több helyet követelnek maguknak, s ez rontja az emberek számára szükséges élettér minőségét, ami társadalmi és gazdasági szempontból egyaránt káros. Megoldást jelenthet a fenntartható városi mobilitás, melynek közismert eleme a környezetbarát tömegközlekedés, kevésbé közismert eleme a sétálhatóság. Utóbbi egyre inkább előtérbe kerül fenntartható városfejlesztési stratégiák készítése során, azonban elsősorban az USA és Nyugat-Európa nagyvárosaira készültek eddig sétálhatósági mérések. Tanulmányunkban arra a kérdésre keressük a választ, hogyan értelmezhető a sétálhatóság fogalma európai közepes méretű városokra, és mindez milyen városfejlesztési potenciált hordoz. Kutatásunk során primer felméréseket végeztünk Szegeden és Valenciában, hogy a sétálhatóságot és fejlesztési lehetőségeit vizsgáljuk. Kutatásunk igazolta, hogy a sétálhatóság koncepciója közepes méretű városokban is hasznos városfejlesztési eszköz lehet.
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: R42
Reported Outcomes in Published Systematic Reviews of Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment: Protocol for a Systematic Overview
Authors: Dragioti Elena , Dong Huan-Ji , Larsson Britt , Gerdle Björn 
Published: March 2020

Background
Interdisciplinary pain treatment (IPT) is a complex intervention; its outcomes are very diverse, as are the methodologies for handling those outcomes. This diversity may hamper evidence-based decision making. Presently, there is no gold standard recommendation of how to select reported outcomes in published systematic reviews and meta-analyses to explicitly demonstrate the effectiveness of IPT.

Objective
In this systematic overview, we aim to evaluate the reported outcome domains and measurements across published systematic reviews and meta-analyses and to identify any methods, considerations, and discussion regarding the handling of the chosen outcome domains and measurements.

Methods
This article describes the protocol for a systematic overview of the outcomes reported in published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized control trials for the effectiveness of IPT versus any control. To this end, we searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos databases from inception to December 2019. Two independent investigators screened the titles, the abstracts of the identified records, and the full texts of the potentially eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses, performed data extraction according to predefined forms, and rated the quality of the included systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The quality of the included systematic reviews and meta-analyses will be rated with AMSTAR (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews) 2. Data will be analyzed descriptively and stratified by AMSTAR 2.

Results
We introduced the rationale and design of a systematic overview to summarize and map the chosen IPT outcome domains and the methods of handling these outcomes reported in published systematic reviews and meta-analyses. As of December 2019, we collected 5229 systematic reviews, of which 147 (2.81%) were examined in-depth for eligibility. Topline results are anticipated by September 2020.

Conclusions
The results of this study will be published as soon as they are available. Our results will fill a gap in the related literature and will be used to inform the development of a set of recommendations that can be applied in systematic reviews and hopefully serve as a gold standard.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/17795
Participação e colegialidade na política democrática: o caso do Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira (CAp/UERJ)
Authors: Castro Marcela Moraes , Bittencourt Bethânia , Assis Caroline Domingues da Silva Teles , Goulart Janaina Moreira de Oliveira 
Published: March 2020

Discute-se a participação como condição da democracia da Associação de Pais e Professores (APP) pertencente ao Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira, colégio estadual da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, no contexto da não oferta de alimentação escolar, instituída a obrigatoriedade pela Lei n° 11.947/2009. São analisados pontos de tensão produzidos pela situação em mensagens eletrônicas do grupo da APP. O ciclo de políticas permite entender a articulação da demanda para legitimá-la no Legislativo. Conclui-se que o cenário político indica a oferta de merenda fria sem garantir a Lei.
ENGLISH FOR TOURISM LECTURES BECOME MORE CREATIVE WITH MODIFIED CONCEPTS OF CTL (CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING)
Authors: Kristiana Vera , Ningsih Ayu Melati 
Published: March 2020

This research examined the modification of the concept of CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) in English for Tourism lectures in English literature studies at the Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah University, Medan. English For Tourism lectures involved theoretical and practical training in their implementation. One important theory taught to students was about how to communicate well and correctly in the world of tourism. Students often experienced difficulties in communicating and understanding various very diverse cultures in Indonesia in particular and in foreign countries in general. Language and culture learning not only provided an understanding of the definition but students were required to be able to find their own knowledge. Lecturers must have concepts that spur students to be able to think critically and creatively. One of the appropriate learning concepts for teaching English for Tourism courses was the concept of CTL (Contextual Teaching And Learning). The concept made it easier for students to understand all the theories that were conveyed during the lecture. CTL made innovative, creative and effective learning. CTL modification in English for Tourism lectures could make lectures more creative, and require students to think more critically. This meant they were encouraged to connect between the materials taught with everyday life in the world of tourism. Keywords: Modification, CTL, English for Tourism
PICTO TEXTUAL GLOSSES IN TEACHING VOCABULARY
Authors: Nurwulan Anita Fitria , Sobari Sobari 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research is to know english vocabulary mastery incresed by using picto textual glossesin every meeting in class. The object of this research is 8th grade students in Mutiara 1 junior high school. the main focus in teaching english is to improving students english vocabulary mastery . By improving vocabulary mastery, students will be improving english material easier. The data in this research come from interaction between teacher and students in learning process and it is as students learning activity in the class. the research instruments used test questions.The method of data collecting of the resarch is by using pretest-treatment-postest in the class. Based on pre test and post test, they showed some improvement on process of get new vocabulary from learning with that method. . The result or the conclusion can be got from the resarch by using picto textual glosses method, data from pre test and post test showed that there were some benefits of picto textual glosses method: 1. Develop of students’ memory ability to increasing vocabulary, 2. Having a fun learning situation. The data showed HI is accepted, because Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) worth 0,000. because the value of 0,000 is smaller; of, <0.05. Keywords: Vocabulary, Vocabulary mastery, Picto textual glosses, SMP Mutiara I, 8th grade.
THE ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN THE LYRIC OF AWAKEN BY MAHER ZAIN
Authors: Nuraeni Syifa , Ismail Taufik , Kareviati Evie 
Published: March 2020

Figurative language is a part of semantic. This research analyzed the figurative language used in the lyric of Awaken by Maher Zain. The aims of this research are to figure out the figurative languages used in the lyric of Awaken and to analyze the contextual meaning of figurative language used in that song lyric. It is expected the result of this research will be useful for the reader especially in describing what figurative language is and what kinds of figurative language are. The design of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The lyrics of song is got from kapanlagi.com entitle Awaken. The result found that there are some kinds of figurative language used in Maher Zain’s song entitle Awaken, such as hyperbole, rhetoric, repetition and personification. The contextual meaning of each figurative language is also clarified. The conclusion of this research is there are some kinds of figurative language use by Maher Zain in his song entitle Awaken.
IMPROVING READING SKILL OF PROCEDURE TEXT TROUGH PICTURE WALK
Authors: Solihah Ai , Rustandi Ari 
Published: March 2020

This study has a purpose at improving the reading skill in the topic “Procedure Text” of the students through Picture Walk. This research was a classroom action research conducted in two cycles, consisting of plan, implementation, observation or evaluation and reflection. The subjects of this study were 30 students of class VII A SMP Putra Juang Cianjur. There were 14 boys and 16 girls. The result of data analysis of the mean score of the first cycle was 67. Meanwhile, the mean score of the second cycle was 94.3. From the data, it can be said that the result of learning reading skill in the material “Procedure text using picture walk” in cycle I to cycle II has improved by 27.3. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion it can be concluded that the result of learning Reading Skill in the material “Procedure Text using Picture Walk” can be improving Reading Skill on the students of class VII A SMP Putra Juang. It is recommended for English teachers to apply Reading skill using Picture Walk because it can improve the students’ achievement on Reading skill. Keywords: Reading, procedure text, picture walk
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JIGSAW METHOD IN TEACHING SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Authors: Solihat Anisa , Syahrizal Trisnendri 
Published: March 2020

This research used descriptive qualitative. The writer used tenth-grade Hotel Accomodation’s students of SMK Dwi Putra Sindangkerta as a subject research. In the process of English enrolling, the writer found out the problem on the subject in grammar, especially simple present tense. This skill is a structure that often used in daily conversation. But the students has more difficulties in enrolling simple present tense while it is very important to enroll because it can help them when they meet the foreign guest in the hotel later. We teach simple present tense easier using any method. One of them is the jigsaw method. This method often used more teacher in Indonesia because of this method easy to implement it. Thus, the writer researches the student to teach simple present tense to implement jigsaw method in other to understand easier by them. The writer applies jigsaw in some steps; they are pre-activity, divided into groups, the group leader selection, group reviewion activity, submitted an assignment, and evaluation. Teaching simple present tense used jigsaw can make a enrolling effectively, and it is improving students motivation to enroll simple present tense. Keywords: AKP’s Students, Simple Present Tense, Jigsaw Method
THE ANALYSIS OF LITERAL TRANSLATION METHOD ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN IN SHORT STORY ENTITLED “MERCURY AND THE CARPENTER”
Authors: Mutaqin Nuraeni , Sulistyawati Wati , Rahmat Agus 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research is to know whether there are literal translation method used in the short story entitled Mercury and the Carpenter or not. This study used qualitativee descriptive research. The source of this research used document of short story entitled “Mercury and the Carpenter” either in English or Indonesian written by Sergius Lesky. As for the limitation, this research is only analyzing about method of literal translation. In collecting data, the researhcer read the short story both in English and Indonesian, then analyzed the method of literal transation. In analyzing data, the researcher used the method of document analyzing with taxonomy analysis, in the other word, the researcher classified the data into the method of literal translation. Based on the data analysis “Mercury and the Carpenter”, the researcher had founded 8 data of Literal translation method.Keywords: Translation, Method, and Short Story.
COMPARISON BETWEEN COOPERATIVE LEARNING METHODS AND PROBLEM BASED LEARNING USING PERSONAL LETTER IN TEACHING STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING AT SMA SEBELAS MARET BANDUNG
Authors: Verawati Verawati , Kuswandi Wawan 
Published: March 2020

The paper explains about the comparison between cooperative learning methods and problem based learning using personal letter in teaching students’ ability in writing skill. Experiment study at SMA Sebelas Maret Bandung. The method of this research is experiment quasi concerning experiment class was given learning treatment by using cocoperative learning methods meanwhile control class was given learning by using problem based learning. Student ability in writing sklill is measure by questionnaire or test. Result of the research peove that student ability in writing who teach by cooperative learning methods same as the student who teach problem based learning. The T’test means that the null hypothesis accepted, there is no difference in the ability of the initial writing of the experimental class and the control class. Some difficulties of students; lack of vocabulary, can’t write content is well, hard to understand the topic, hard to answer the question, and still nervous during discussion. To solve the problems like that the teacher can be a solution. Keywords: Cooperative Learning Methods, Problem Based Learning, Writing
La epidemia de tifo y la guerra insurgente en el oriente de Michoacán, 1813-1814.
Authors: González Flores José Gustavo 
Published: March 2020

El lustro de 1810-1815 es recordado por la historiografía como el periodo en que inició el movimiento insurgente del cura Miguel Hidalgo. Este fenómeno histórico ha acaparado la atención de la mayoría de los estudios históricos, pero ignora una terrible epidemia que asoló a la entonces Nueva España: las fiebres epidémicas o el tifo de 1812-1814. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer un análisis demográfico de esta epidemia a partir de los casos de tres parroquias del oriente del obispado de Michoacán. Las acciones de la guerra y la epidemia son dos factores que deben ser consideradas para entender este momento histórico. Mientras la población enfermaba, la guerra dispersaba la enfermedad debido a los movimientos de soldados y la gente que huía de la guerra.