bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Roadmap for Compact Heat Exchangers in High Temperature Reactors
Authors: Keating Robert B. , McKillop Suzanne P. , Allen Todd , Anderson Mark 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The mission of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Energy is to advance nuclear power in order to meet the nation's energy, environmental, and energy security needs. Advanced high temperature reactor systems will require compact heat exchangers (CHXs) for the next generation of nuclear reactors. The DOE is sponsoring research to support the development and deployment of CHXs for use in high temperature advanced reactors. The project is being executed by an Integrated Research Project (IRP) that includes university research institutes, national laboratories, manufacturers, and industry experts. The objective is to enable the use of CHX designs in advanced reactor service. A necessary step for achieving this objective is to ensure that the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division 5 has rules for the construction of CHXs for nuclear service. However, construction rules alone are not sufficient to deploy a CHX in an advanced reactor. A strategy for ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section XI, Inservice Inspection (ISI) of a heat exchanger in an operating nuclear reactor will also be required. The purpose of this ASME Code Roadmap is to identify the research gaps impeding the development of suitable construction and ISI rules for CHXs for high temperature reactor service and to provide a framework to utilize the research project results consistent with the expectations and needs of the industry and future owners.
Role of Glutamate Synthase in Biofilm Formation by Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Kimura Tan , Kobayashi Kazuo 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Bacillus subtilis forms robust biofilms in the presence of large amounts of carbon sources, such as glycerol. However, little is known about the importance of the metabolic systems, or the relationship between metabolic systems and regulatory systems, involved in biofilm formation. Glutamate synthase, encoded by gltAB, is an enzyme that converts 2-ketoglutarate (a tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle intermediate) and glutamine into glutamate, which is a general amino group donor in metabolism. Here, we show that a ΔgltA mutant exhibited early arrest of biofilm formation in complex medium containing glycerol. This phenotype was not due to glutamate auxotrophy. Consistent with its biofilm formation phenotype, the ΔgltA mutant exhibited an early decrease in expression of the epsA and tapA operons, which are responsible for production of biofilm matrix polymers. This resulted from decreased activity of their regulator, Spo0A, as evidenced by reduced expression of other Spo0A-regulated genes in the ΔgltA mutant. The ΔgltA mutation prevented biofilm formation only in the presence of large amounts of glycerol. Moreover, limited expression of citrate synthase (but not other TCA enzymes) restored biofilm-forming ability to the ΔgltA mutant. These results indicate that the ΔgltA mutant accumulates an inhibitory intermediate (citrate) in the TCA cycle in the presence of large amounts of glycerol. The ΔgltA mutant formed biofilms when excess iron was added to the medium. Taken together, the data suggest that accumulation of citrate ions by the ΔgltA mutant causes iron shortage due to chelation, which prevents activation of Spo0A and causes defective biofilm formation.
IMPORTANCE Bacillus subtilis, a model organism for bacterial biofilm formation, forms robust biofilms in a medium-dependent manner. Although the regulatory network that controls biofilm formation has been well studied, the importance of the underlying metabolic systems remains to be elucidated. The present study demonstrates that a metabolic disorder in a well-conserved metabolic system causes accumulation of an inhibitory metabolic intermediate that prevents activation of the system that regulates biofilm formation. These findings increase our understanding of the coordination between cellular metabolic status and the regulatory networks governing biofilm formation.
A Novel Heme Transporter from the Energy Coupling Factor Family Is Vital for Group A Streptococcus Colonization and Infections
Authors: Chatterjee Nilanjana , Cook Laura C. C. , Lyles Kristin V. , Nguyen Hong Anh T. , Devlin Darius J. , Thomas Lamar S. , Eichenbaum Zehava 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTGroup A streptococcus (GAS) produces millions of infections worldwide, including mild mucosal infections, postinfection sequelae, and life-threatening invasive diseases. During infection, GAS readily acquires nutritional iron from host heme and hemoproteins. Here, we identified a new heme importer, named SiaFGH, and investigated its role in GAS pathophysiology. The SiaFGH proteins belong to a group of transporters with an unknown ligand from the recently described family of energy coupling factors (ECFs). AsiaFGHdeletion mutant exhibited high streptonigrin resistance compared to the parental strain, suggesting that iron ions or an iron complex is the likely ligand. Iron uptake and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) studies showed that the loss ofsiaFGHdid not impact GAS import of ferric or ferrous iron, but the mutant was impaired in using hemoglobin iron for growth. Analysis of cells growing on hemoglobin iron revealed a substantial decrease in the cellular heme content in the mutant compared to the complemented strain. The induction of thesiaFGHgenes intransresulted in the induction of heme uptake. ThesiaFGHmutant exhibited a significant impairment in murine models of mucosal colonization and systemic infection. Together, the data show that SiaFGH is a new type of heme importer that is key for GAS use of host hemoproteins and that this system is imperative for bacterial colonization and invasive infection.IMPORTANCEECF systems are new transporters that take up various vitamins, cobalt, or nickel with a high affinity. Here, we establish the GAS SiaFGH proteins as a new ECF module that imports heme and demonstrate its importance in virulence. SiaFGH is the first heme ECF system described in bacteria. We identified homologous systems in the genomes of related pathogens from theFirmicutesphylum. Notably, GAS and other pathogens that use a SiaFGH-type importer rely on host hemoproteins for a source of iron during infection. Hence, recognizing the function of this noncanonical ABC transporter in heme acquisition and the critical role that it plays in disease has broad implications.
Inhomogeneous thinning of a cratonic lithospheric keel by tectonic extension: The Early Cretaceous Jiaodong Peninsula–Liaodong Peninsula extensional provinces, eastern North China craton
Authors: Liu Junlai , Ji Mo , Ni Jinlong , Shen Liang , Zheng Yuanyuan , Chen Xiaoyu , Craddock John P. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The mechanisms of lithospheric thinning and craton destruction have been hotly debated in the last decades. The Early Cretaceous Jiaodong and Liaodong extensional provinces (JEP and LEP, respectively) of the eastern North China craton are typical areas where the cratonic Archean lithosphere has been intensely extended and thinned. Various extensional structures, e.g., metamorphic core complexes (MCCs), low-angle detachment faults, and extensional basins, characterize the Early Cretaceous crustal deformation of the two provinces. However, profound differences exist in structural development and related magmatic activities between the two provinces. Distributed small-scale extensional basins were formed in association with exhumation of the Liaonan and Wanfu MCCs in the LEP, whereas the major Jiaolai Basin was developed coevally with exhumation of the Wulian, Queshan, and Linglong MCCs in the JEP. Sr-Nd isotope compositions of volcanic rocks from the basins of the two provinces are compatible with syntectonic magmatic activities of evolving magma sources in the LEP, but multiple and hybrid magma sources in the JEP.
It is shown, from variations in structural styles, plutonic and volcanic activities, and thermal evolution of the two extensional provinces, that two stages (ca. 135–120 Ma and 120–100 Ma) of tectonic extension affected the JEP and LEP in the Early Cretaceous. We demonstrate that regional tectonic extension (parallel extension tectonics, or PET) is responsible for the formation of major extensional structures and the occurrence of the magmatic associations. Progressive wide rifting by coupled crust-mantle detachment faulting of a hot LEP lithosphere was accompanied by evolving magma sources from dominant ancient crust and enriched mantle to juvenile crust. Two stages of narrow rifting of a cold JEP lithosphere led to early crustal detachment faulting transitioning to late crust-mantle faulting, which resulted in intense magmatic activity from hybrid to multiple magma sources. These processes contributed to destruction of the craton, with thinning of its lithospheric keel and local transformation of the nature of the lithospheric mantle. It is expected that such a model is also applicable to interpretation of tectonic extension of contiguous areas of the North China craton and the remobilization of other cratons.
Ursodeoxycholic acid potentiates dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin by enhancing glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease: a pilot randomized controlled and add-on study
Authors: Shima Kosuke Robert , Ota Tsuguhito , Kato Ken-ichiro , Takeshita Yumie , Misu Hirofumi , Kaneko Shuichi , Takamura Toshinari 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveWe evaluated the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes with chronic liver disease.Research design and methodsJapanese patients with type 2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥7.0%) and chronic liver disease were included in this study. Sixteen patients (HbA1c level, 7.2%±0.6%(55.2 mmol/mol)) were randomized to receive 900 mg UDCA for 12 weeks followed by 50 mg sitagliptin add-on therapy for 12 weeks (UDCA-first group; n=8) or 50 mg sitagliptin for 12 weeks followed by 900 mg UDCA add-on therapy for 12 weeks (sitagliptin-first group; n=8). All patients underwent a liquid high-fat meal test before and after 12 or 24 weeks of treatment.ResultsThe baseline characteristics were similar between the UDCA-first and sitagliptin-first groups. There was a decrease in body weight (72.5±8.4 to 70.6±8.6 kg; P=0.04) and the HbA1c level (7.0%±0.3% to 6.4%±0.5%(53.0 to 46.4 mmol/mol); P=0.01) in the UDCA-first group. The HbA1c level decreased further after sitagliptin administration (6.4%±0.5% to 6.0%±0.4%(46.4 to 42.1 mmol/mol); P<0.01). Although there were no initial changes in the weight and HbA1c level in the sitagliptin-first group, the HbA1c level decreased after UDCA addition (7.1%±1.1% to 6.6%±0.9%(54.1 to 48.6 mmol/mol); P=0.04). UDCA alone increased the area under the curve0–30for GLP-1 response (115.4±47.2 to 221.9±48.9 pmol·min/L; P<0.01), but not the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response, in the UDCA-first group.ConclusionsUDCA treatment resulted in a greater reduction in HbA1c levels, and an increased early phase GLP-1 secretion.Trial registration numberNCT01337440.
Life-threatening onset of coeliac disease: a case report and literature review
Authors: Guarino Matteo , Gambuti Edoardo , Alfano Franco , Strada Andrea , Ciccocioppo Rachele , Lungaro Lisa , Zoli Giorgio , Volta Umberto , De Giorgio Roberto , Caio Giacomo 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundCoeliac disease (CD) results from an immune-mediated reaction to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. In rare cases CD may occur with acute features deferring the diagnosis and exposing these patients to possible life-threatening complications. Herein we present the case of a young woman with a coeliac crisis, that is, a sudden clinical onset characterised by severe electrolyte imbalance due to an unknown (previously unrecognised) CD.MethodsThis is a case report and literature review revealing that coeliac crisis is under-reported, with a total of 48 adult cases so far published. The diagnosis in our case was established by histopathological analysis of multiple duodenal biopsies. The patient’s serum was tested by enzyme-linked immunoassay to detect antitransglutaminase IgA antibodies.ResultsIn contrast to cases reported in the literature, with male gender predominance and a mean age of 50±17 years, our patient was a young female case of coeliac crisis. However, like in our patient, a higher incidence of coeliac crisis was associated with the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 haplotype, versus HLA-DQ8, and a severe (Marsh-Oberhüber 3c) duodenal mucosa atrophy. Notably, there is no clear correlation between the antitissue transglutaminase 2 IgA antibody titre and coeliac crisis onset/severity, as confirmed by our case report.ConclusionsThe present case highlights that CD may manifest quite abruptly with a severe malabsorption syndrome, that is, electrolyte abnormalities and hypoproteinaemia. Our case should alert physicians, in particular those in the emergency setting, that even a typically chronic disorder, such as CD, may show life-threatening complications requiring urgent management.
Factors influencing self-concept among adolescents infected with HIV: a cross-sectional survey in China
Authors: Ke Siyuan , Yang Yanjie , Yang Xiuxian , Qiu Xiaohui , Qiao Zhengxue , Song Xuejia , Zhao Erying , Wang Wenbo , Zhou Jiawei , Cheng Yuewu 
Published: May 2020

OverviewThe mental health problems of adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are important. It is of great significance to explore which factors can affect the self-evaluation and understanding of adolescents with HIV.ObjectiveWe found that adolescents with HIV have a lower level of self-concept than healthy adolescents. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing self-concept among adolescents with HIV in China.SettingA questionnaire was distributed among a total of 290 adolescents in Henan Province, China. One hundred and forty questionnaires were distributed in the case group (adolescents with HIV) and the control group (healthy adolescents) was issued 150 questionnaires.The Piers-Harris Children’s Self-concept Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire were adapted for a Chinese population. Differences between the groups were tested for significance using Student’s t-test, and analysis of variance was used to test continuous variables. The relationship between environmental personality factors and adolescent self-concept was examined by Pearson correlation analysis. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to model the effects of environmental personality factors on self-concept.ResultsThe self-concept total score among adolescents with HIV was significantly lower than healthy adolescents (p<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that age (β=−0.19, t=−2.16, p=0.03), perceived stress (β=−0.19, t=−2.22, p=0.03), perceived social support (β=0.26, t=3.25, p=0.00), positive coping style (β=0.50, t=5.75, p=0.00) and negative coping style (β=−0.45, t=−5.33, p=0.00) were significantly associated with self-concept total scores.ConclusionsThe self-concept of adolescents with HIV is related to perceived stress, perceived social support and coping style. These findings underline the significance of self-concept among adolescents infected with HIV.
Detection of pulmonary nodules: a clinical study protocol to compare ultra-low dose chest CT and standard low-dose CT using ASIR-V
Authors: Ludwig Marie , Chipon Emilie , Cohen Julien , Reymond Emilie , Medici Maud , Cole Anthony , Moreau Gaudry Alexandre , Ferretti Gilbert 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionLung cancer screening in individuals at risk has been recommended by various scientific institutions. One of the main concerns for CT screening is repeated radiation exposure, with the risk of inducing malignancies in healthy individuals. Therefore, lowering the radiation dose is one of the main objectives for radiologists. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that an ultra-low dose (ULD) chest CT protocol, using recently introduced hybrid iterative reconstruction (ASiR-V, GE medical Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA), is as performant as a standard ‘low dose’ (LD) CT to detect non-calcified lung nodules ≥4 mm.Methods and analysisThe total number of patients to include is 150. Those are referred for non-enhanced chest CT for detection or follow-up of lung nodule and will undergo an additional unenhanced ULD CT acquisition, the dose of which is on average 10 times lower than the conventional LD acquisition. Total dose of the entire exam (LD+ULD) is lower than the French diagnostic reference level for a chest CT (6.65 millisievert). ULD CT images will be reconstructed with 50% and 100% ASiR-V and LD CT with 50%. The three sets of images will be read in random order by two pair of radiologists, in a blind test, where patient identification and study outcomes are concealed. Detection rate (sensitivity) is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes will include concordance of nodule characteristics; interobserver reproducibility; influence of subjects’ characteristics, nodule location and nodule size; and concordance of emphysema, coronary calcifications evaluated by visual scoring and bronchial alterations between LD and ULD CT. In case of discordance, a third radiologist will arbitrate.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the relevant ethical committee. Each study participant will sign an informed consent form.Trial registration numberNCT03305978; Pre-results.
Second-order effects in parametric-resonance magnetometers based on atomic alignment
Authors: Beato François , Palacios-Laloy Agustin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOptically-pumped magnetometers (OPM) based on parametric resonance allow real-time tri-axial measurement of very small magnetic fields with a single optical access to the gas cell. Most of these magnetometers rely on circularly polarized pumping light. We focus here on the ones relying on linearly polarized light, yielding atomic alignment. For these magnetometers we investigate three second order effects which appear in the usual regimes of operation, so to clarify if they translate to metrological problems like systematic errors or increased noise. The first of these effects is the breakdown of the three-step approach when the optical beam has a large intensity. The second one is the breakdown of the rotating wave approximation when the frequencies of the RF fields are not much larger than the rates of other atomic processes. The third one is the tensor light-shift which appears when the light is slightly detuned from resonance. This work should help to clarify the accuracy reachable with OPM, which is an important question notably for medical imaging applications.
The Expression of Adenosine A2B Receptor on Antigen-Presenting Cells Suppresses CD8+ T-cell Responses and Promotes Tumor Growth
Authors: Chen Siqi , Akdemir Imran , Fan Jie , Linden Joel , Zhang Bin , Cekic Caglar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that inhibiting adenosine-generating ecto-enzymes (CD39 and CD73) and/or adenosine A2A or A2B receptors (R) stimulates antitumor immunity and limits tumor progression. Although activating A2ARs or A2BRs causes similar immunosuppressive and protumoral functions, few studies have investigated the distinct role of A2BR in cancer. Here, we showed that A2BR expression by hematopoietic cells was primarily responsible for promoting tumor growth. Deletion of A2BR profoundly enhanced anticancer T-cell immunity. Although T-cell A2BR plays an insignificant role for A2BR-mediated immunosuppression and tumor promotion, A2BR deficiency in tumor-bearing mice caused increased infiltration of myeloid and CD103+ dendritic cells, which was associated with more effective cross-priming of adoptively transferred tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cells. A2BR deletion also intrinsically favored accumulation of myeloid and CD11bdim antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the tumor microenvironment. Both myeloid-specific or CD11c-specific conditional deletion of A2BR delayed primary tumor growth. Myeloid, but not CD11c-specific conditional, depletion delayed lung metastasis. Pharmacologic blockade of A2BR improved the antitumor effect of adoptive T-cell therapy. Overall, these results suggested that A2BR expression on myeloid cells and APCs indirectly suppressed CD8+ T-cell responses and promoted metastasis. These data provide a strong rationale to combine A2BR inhibition with T-cell–based immunotherapy for the treatment of tumor growth and metastasis.
Design of 130nm RFCMOS differential low noise amplifier
Authors: Muhamad Maizan , Hussin Hanim , Soin Norhayati 
Published: May 2020

<span>In this paper, an inductively degenerated CMOS differential low noise amplifier circuit topology is presented. This low noise amplifier is intended to be used for wireless LAN application. The differential low noise amplifier proposed provide high gain, low noise and large superior out of band IIP3. The LNA is designed in 130 nm CMOS technology. Simulated results of gain and NF at 2.4GHz are 20.46 dB and 2.59 dB, respectively. While the simulated S<sub>11</sub> and S<sub>22</sub> are −11.18 dB and −9.49 dB, respectively. The IIP3 is −9.05 dBm. The LNA consumes 3.4 mW power from 1.2V supply. </span>
Detecting abnormal movement of driver's head based on spatial-temporal features of video using deep neural network DNN
Authors: Al-Shakarchy Noor D. , Ali Israa Hadi 
Published: May 2020

<p>The development of tracking and surveillance devices makes extracting useful information efficiently. Head tracking is an efficient method to obtain then analyze trajectory data and make a decision based on the spatiotemporal information of videos. Many applications are based on head tracking such as diseases some diagnosis, the gestures languages, and drowsiness detection and so on. Abnormal head movement detection can be achieved using spatial information based on a single image (one frame) at a time without considering the temporal information over time. In this paper, a new method based on multi-images is proposed to track head in order to detect abnormal head movement depending on spatiotemporal Feature using Deep Neural Network DNN that employed the 3-Dimensional Convolution Neural Networks 3D CNN. The proposed method extracts the spatial information as well as the temporal information available in a video then analysis this information to make the decision based on time series (sequences of frames); these time series provides the tracking to the head overtime to make the decision. The new dataset created and gathered to implement with the proposed system and called Normal Abnormal Head Movement Dataset (NAHM) video dataset. The new dataset provides different subjects with different conditions that give more efficiency in the implementation of the proposed system. The accuracy of the training set that achieves by the proposed system reach to 88% and of validation set reaches to 86%. The values of loss function reach to 0.3 for the training set and 0.4 for the validation set.</p>