bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin alleviates muscle wasting post-thermal injury by increasing Pax7-positive muscle progenitor cells
Authors: Yousuf Yusef , Datu Andrea , Barnes Ben , Amini-Nik Saeid , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundProfound skeletal muscle wasting and weakness is common after severe burn and persists for years after injury contributing to morbidity and mortality of burn patients. Currently, no ideal treatment exists to inhibit muscle catabolism. Metformin is an anti-diabetic agent that manages hyperglycemia but has also been shown to have a beneficial effect on stem cells after injury. We hypothesize that metformin administration will increase protein synthesis in the skeletal muscle by increasing the proliferation of muscle progenitor cells, thus mitigating muscle atrophy post-burn injury.MethodsTo determine whether metformin can attenuate muscle catabolism following burn injury, we utilized a 30% total burn surface area (TBSA) full-thickness scald burn in mice and compared burn injuries with and without metformin treatment. We examined the gastrocnemius muscle at 7 and 14 days post-burn injury.ResultsAt 7 days, burn injury significantly reduced myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) compared to sham,p < 0.05. Metformin treatment significantly attenuated muscle catabolism and preserved muscle CSA at the sham size. To investigate metformin’s effect on satellite cells (muscle progenitors), we examined changes in Pax7, a transcription factor regulating the proliferation of muscle progenitors. Burned animals treated with metformin had a significant increase in Pax7 protein level and the number of Pax7-positive cells at 7 days post-burn,p < 0.05. Moreover, through BrdU proliferation assay, we show that metformin treatment increased the proliferation of satellite cells at 7 days post-burn injury,p < 0.05.ConclusionIn summary, metformin’s various metabolic effects and its modulation of stem cells make it an attractive alternative to mitigate burn-induced muscle wasting while also managing hyperglycemia.
Stem cell-derived cell sheet transplantation for heart tissue repair in myocardial infarction
Authors: Guo Rui , Morimatsu Masatoshi , Feng Tian , Lan Feng , Chang Dehua , Wan Feng , Ling Yunpeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStem cell-derived sheet engineering has been developed as the next-generation treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) and offers attractive advantages in comparison with direct stem cell transplantation and scaffold tissue engineering. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell sheets have been indicated to possess higher potential for MI therapy than other stem cell-derived sheets because of their capacity to form vascularized networks for fabricating thickened human cardiac tissue and their long-term therapeutic effects after transplantation in MI. To date, stem cell sheet transplantation has exhibited a dramatic role in attenuating cardiac dysfunction and improving clinical manifestations of heart failure in MI. In this review, we retrospectively summarized the current applications and strategy of stem cell-derived cell sheet technology for heart tissue repair in MI.
Geomorphometric characterisation of natural and anthropogenic land covers
Authors: Cao Wenfang , Sofia Giulia , Tarolli Paolo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe scientific community has widely discussed the role of abiotic and biotic forces in reshaping the Earth’s surface. Currently, the literature is debating whether humans are leaving a topographic signature on the landscape. Apart from the influence of humans on processes, does the resulting landscape bear an unmistakable signature of anthropogenic activities? This research analyses from a statistical point of view the morphological signature of anthropogenic and natural land covers in different topographic context, as a fundamental challenge in the emerging debate of human-environment relationships and the modelling of global environmental change. It aims to explore how intrinsically small-scale processes, related to land use, can influence the form of entire landscapes and to determine whether these processes create a distinctive topography. The work focusses on four study areas in floodplains, plain to hilly, hills and mountains, for which LiDAR-derived Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) are available. Surface morphology is described with different geomorphometric parameters (slope, mean curvature and surface peak curvature) and their frequency distribution. The results show that the distribution of geomorphometric indices can reveal anthropogenic land covers and landscapes. In most cases, different land covers show statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in their morphology. Finally, this study demonstrates the possibility to use a geomorphic analysis to quantify anthropogenic impact based on land covers in different landscape contexts. This provides useful insight into understanding the impact of human activities on the present morphology and offers a comprehensive understanding of coupling human-land interaction from a geomorphological point of view.
Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma with loss of HER2 positivity after trastuzumab-based chemotherapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer: a case report
Authors: Nagata Hiromi , Tsujimoto Hironori , Yaguchi Yoshihisa , Kouzu Keita , Itazaki Yujiro , Ishibashi Yusuke , Tsuchiya Satoshi , Sugihara Takao , Ito Nozomi , Harada Manabu , Nomura Shinsuke , Utsumi Yoshitaka , Shimazaki Hideyuki , Kishi Yoji , Ueno Hideki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Trastuzumab (T-mab)-based chemotherapy is a standard regimen for human epithelial growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer. However, some patients have demonstrated a change in HER2 status after T-mab-based treatment of breast cancer. We report a rare case of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma with loss of HER2 positivity after T-mab-based chemotherapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer.

Case presentation
A 60-year-old man presented with a mass of the upper abdomen, which was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma with a HER2 score of 3+ by endoscopic biopsy. He received seven cycles of combination chemotherapy with capecitabine, cisplatin, and T-mab. Subsequently, he underwent open total gastrectomy, distal pancreatosplenectomy, and extended left hepatic lobectomy as a conversion surgery. The surgically resected specimen demonstrated both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine components; therefore, it was diagnosed as HER2-negative mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma. Although the patient received additional chemotherapy, multiple liver metastases appeared at 3 months postoperatively and he died at 6 months postoperatively because of the rapidly progressing metastatic tumor.

Conclusions
We encountered a rare case of rapidly progressive mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma that was negative for HER2 expression after T-mab treatment combined with chemotherapy.
Congenital hyperinsulinism associated with Hirschsprung’s disease—a report of an extremely rare case
Authors: Shono Takeshi , Shono Kumiko , Hashimoto Yoshiko , Taguchi Shohei , Masuda Masanori , Muramori Kastumi , Taguchi Tomoaki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Congenital hyperinsulinism (CH) is a rare disease, characterized by severe hypoglycemia induced by inappropriate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells in neonate and infant. Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is also a rare disease in which infants show severe bowel movement disorder. We herein report an extremely rare case of combined CH and HD.

Case presentation
The patient was a full-term male infant who showed poor feeding, vomiting, and hypotonia with lethargy on the day of birth. He was transferred to tertiary hospital after a laboratory analysis revealed hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. The patient showed remarkable abdominal distension without meconium defecation. An abdominal X-ray showed marked dilatation of the large bowel. He was diagnosed with CH (nesidioblastosis) associated with suspected HD. He was initially treated with an intravenous infusion of high-dose glucose with the intermittent injection of glucagon. This was successfully followed by treatment with diazoxide and octreotide (a somatostatin analog). At 8 months of age, HD was confirmed by the acetylcholinesterase staining of a rectal mucosal biopsy specimen, and a transanal pull-through operation was performed to treat HD. At 14 months of age, subtotal pancreatectomy was performed for the treatment of focal CH located in the pancreatic body. His postoperative course over the past 12 years has been uneventful without any neurologic or bowel movement disorders.

Conclusions
Although it is extremely rare for CH to be associated with HD, associated HD should be considered when a patient with CH presents severe constipation.
Development of transomental hernia shortly after laparoscopic colonic surgery: a case report
Authors: Haruna Takahiro , Matsuda Akihisa , Koizumi Michihiro , Yamada Takeshi , Shinji Seiichi , Yokoyama Yasuyuki , Takahashi Goro , Hotta Masahiro , Iwai Takuma , Hara Keisuke , Takeda Kohki , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundA transomental hernia is defined as bowel invagination into an abnormal hiatus of the omentum. It is a rare type of internal hernia that is sometimes lethal. We herein report a case of a transomental hernia developing shortly after laparoscopic sigmoidectomy.Case presentationA 71-year-old man underwent laparoscopic sigmoidectomy. He was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal pain and nausea on postoperative day 12. Laboratory investigation showed increased levels of inflammatory markers. Abdominal computed tomography showed a closed loop and mesenteric edema of the small intestine with ascites. We performed an emergency operation under the diagnosis of strangulated bowel obstruction. Operative findings showed internal herniation of strangulated ileal loops through a defect of the omentum with hemorrhagic ascites. The incarcerated small bowel was resected and reconstructed because the ischemic change was irreversible after the reduction. We partially resected the omentum that had formed the defect. The patient’s postoperative progress was good, and he was discharged on postoperative day 8.ConclusionsAlmost all internal hernias after intestinal surgery are mesenteric hernias; however, we should bear in mind that the more lethal transomental hernia is also possible. Therefore, immediate surgical exploration should be performed in a timely manner for internal hernias, especially for patients with early-onset symptoms after laparoscopic intestinal surgery.
The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Kamran , Khan Muhammad Imran , Rehan Muhammad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeveloping countries are facing the problem of environmental degradation. Environmental degradation is caused by the use of non-renewable energy consumptions for economic growth but the consequences of environmental degradation cannot be ignored. This primary purpose of this study is to investigate the nexus between energy consumption, economic growth and CO2emission in Pakistan by using annual time series data from 1965 to 2015. The estimated results of ARDL indicate that energy consumption and economic growth increase the CO2 emissions in Pakistan both in short run and long run. Based on the estimated results it is recommended that policy maker in Pakistan should adopt and promote such renewable energy sources that will help to meet the increased demand for energy by replacing old traditional energy sources such as coal, gas, and oil. Renewable energy sources are reusable that can reduce the CO2 emissions and also ensure sustainable economic development of Pakistan.
Participatory action research to pilot a model of mental health service user involvement in an Ethiopian rural primary healthcare setting: study protocol
Authors: Abayneh Sisay , Lempp Heidi , Hanlon Charlotte 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundInvolvement of service-users at all levels of the mental health system is a policy imperative in many countries internationally. However, putting policy into practice seems complex; little is known about how best to involve service users and efforts are often criticized for being tokenistic. In low-and-middle income countries, less attention has been given to the roles of service users within mental health systems. The proposed study is part of a larger project intended to develop service-user involvement in mental health system strengthening in Ethiopia. A Theory of Change (ToC) model has already been developed through a participatory approach. This study protocol aims to describe the theoretical background and methods to pilot this model using participatory action research (PAR) and explore participants’ experience of involvement.MethodsThe proposed study will apply a PAR approach situated in critical social theory and conduct a phenomenological case study to find out participants’ experience of involvement. This will be conducted in three stages. The focus of Stage 1 will be to(i) establish a Research Advisory Group (RAG), and Research Participant Group (RPG) at district and primary healthcare facility levels, respectively, and (ii) identify and prioritize potential areas of concern for involvement in the domains of advocacy, service planning and development, monitoring and improving service quality. In Stage 2, we will work with the RPG to develop a plan of action for the selected area. Stage 3 will aim to assist the RPG to implement and evaluate the plan of action. Process indicators and observation will be combined with in-depth interviews with participants to elicit their experiences of involvement. Thematic content analysis will be used.DiscussionThe participatory approach to mental health service user involvement in health system strengthening employed by this study will support the implementation of solutions through locally relevant and contextualized actions. Findings from this study will contribute to the body of knowledge towards understanding the complexity of implementation of service user involvement and refine the ToC model for transferability to similar settings.
Relation between perceived emotional intelligence and social factors in the educational context of Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Vaquero-Diego M. , Torrijos-Fincias P. , Rodriguez-Conde M. J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The study of emotional intelligence (EI), demographics, and family factors of adolescent high school students allows us to appraise adolescents’ skills for their academic and vocational training. The objectives of the study focus on whether there is any relationship between context variables such as gender, age of parents, or work activity, and self-perception of emotional intelligence.

Methodology
This study sampled 11.370 participants, aged between 12 and 17 years, in the 7th and 9th years of fundamental education, and the 3rd year of upper secondary education. Data from this study comes from students enrolled in the SESI schools of the City of Sao Paulo. To examine the data, we applied the TMMS-24 test to statistical analysis where gender relates to the three dimensions of perceived emotional intelligence (PEI): attention, clarity, and emotional repair.

Results
The results obtained allow us to show how teenagers are perceived with respect to three dimensions: attention, clarity and emotional repair, and thereby extrapolating the need to continue the promotion of emotional education in schools.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the application of the Brazilian version of the TMMS-24 in training programs in PEI must consider a whole series of sociocultural aspects. These aspects should start with a series of initial measures that allow for the perceptions of participants to be observed, and to extend onward to influence the willingness of the beneficiaries to participate in this type of intervention. Provided the intervention is anchored in a solid theoretical base, and executed under a rigorous study, its efficacy can be verified.
Doughnut bother! Histopathological examination of anastomotic doughnuts following colorectal anastomosis does not change patient management
Authors: Dixon Steven , Barrow Hannah , Hughes Jane 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The use of a circular stapling device to create an anastomosis following colonic or rectal resection is common practice in the United Kingdom. Histopathological analysis of the anastomotic doughnuts produced takes time and resources, but does it ever change patient management?
The aim of this study was to review the examination of doughnuts and whether patient treatment was altered by the findings.

Method
A retrospective case note review of all cases involving anastomotic doughnuts in a single trust between December 2010 and January 2018, was performed.

Results
There were 435 cases identified, male to female ratio was 2.0:1, age range 20–86 years and a median age of 66 years. 376 Doughnut samples were received by the pathology department (86.4%) and 354 were examined (81.4%). The disease processes involved were adenocarcinoma (n = 352, 80.9%), diverticular disease (n = 47, 10.8%), no residual disease/complete response (n = 22, 5.1%), adenoma (n = 7, 1.6%), mucinous (n = 5, 1.1%), Crohn’s disease (n = 1, 0.2%) and neuroendocrine (n = 1, 0.2%). Benign adenomatous change was identified in 4 cases (0.9%). No doughnuts examined contained dysplastic or malignant changes.

Conclusion
The histological examination of anastomotic doughnuts is extremely unlikely to identify malignant change and subsequently does not change patient management. Pathology departments could save time and resources by not routinely examining doughnuts.
Microbiological and molecular insights on rare Actinobacteria harboring bioactive prospective
Authors: Amin Dina H. , Abdallah Nagwa A. , Abolmaaty Assem , Tolba Sahar , Wellington Elizabeth M. H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundActinobacteriais as a group of advanced filamentous bacteria. RareActinobacteriaare of special interest as they are rarely isolated from the environments. They are a major source of important bioactive compounds. Determining the proper strategy for the identification ofActinobacteriaharboring biosynthetic gene clusters and producing bioactive molecules is a challenging platform.MethodologyIn this review, we discuss a consequence of microbiological and molecular methods for the identification of rareActinobacteria.In addition to that, we shed light on rareActinobacteria’s significance in antibiotic production. We also clarified molecular approaches for the manipulation of novel biosynthetic gene clusters via PCR screening, fosmid libraries, and Illumina whole-genome sequencing in combination with bioinformatics analysis.ConclusionPerceptions of the conventional and molecular identification ofActinobacteriawere conducted. This will open the door for the genetic manipulation of novel antibiotic gene clusters in heterologous hosts. Also, these conclusions will lead to constructing new bioactive molecules via genetically engineering biosynthetic pathways.
Surgical excision: an effective initial therapeutic option in the management of giant macrocystic lymphatic malformations in children
Authors: Hassan Moaied A. , Gatea Hasan K. , Ja’afar Thura K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Lymphatic malformations are rare benign cystic tumors that result from localized disordered embryologic development of the lymphatic system and can develop anywhere in the body, predominantly in the head and neck. These lesions are classified according to the diameter of the largest cystic cavity within the lesion into microcystic and macrocystic types. Historically, surgical excision has been considered the mainstay of treatment and still remains the first therapeutic option of choice for many surgeons particularly for giant macrocystic lesions. Several alternative therapeutic modalities emerged including intralesional sclerotherapy and laser therapy with encouraging results.
The study is designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of surgical excision as an initial therapeutic option in the management of these malformations.

Results
Asymptomatic mass with parental cosmetic and functional concerns was the mode of presentation in six (66.7%) patients. Seven (77.8%) patients were presented before the age of 2 years. Six (66.7%) of the patients had their lesions in the neck. Complete surgical excision was achieved in eight (88.9%) patients without any evident significant injury to vital neurovascular structures. None of the patients had any difficulties with breathing, swallowing, or phonation and cosmetic results were satisfactory in the majority (88.9%) of them.

Conclusion
Radical surgical excision of giant macrocystic lymphatic malformations in children is possible in experienced hands. It is an effective and safe initial therapeutic option and gives satisfactory esthetic and functional results.
In the aftermath of clozapine discontinuation: comparative effectiveness and safety of antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia who discontinue clozapine
Authors: Luykx Jurjen J. , Stam Noraly , Tanskanen Antti , Tiihonen Jari , Taipale Heidi 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundAlthough clozapine is often discontinued, there is a paucity of guidelines and evidence on treatment options after clozapine discontinuation. Moreover, it is currently unknown whether reinstating clozapine in patients formerly using clozapine should be avoided.AimsTo compare the real-world effectiveness of antipsychotics after clozapine cessation.MethodFrom Finnish registry data (1995–2017), we identified 2250 patients with schizophrenia who had been using clozapine for ≥1 year before treatment cessation. The primary analysis consisted of adjusted within-individual analyses of psychiatric ward readmission owing to psychosis and treatment failure. Secondary analyses concerned between-individual mortality differences.ResultsCompared with no use of antipsychotics, risk of psychiatric ward readmission was lowest for reinitiation of clozapine (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.49; 95% CI 0.40–0.61; P < 0.0001), oral olanzapine (aHR 0.58; 95% CI 0.48–0.71; P < 0.0001) and antipsychotic polypharmacy (aHR 0.62; 95% CI 0.53–0.72; P < 0.0001). Risk of treatment failure was lowest for aripiprazole long acting injectable (aHR 0.42; 95% CI 0.27–0.65; P < 0.0001), reinitiation of clozapine (aHR 0.49; 95% CI 0.43–0.57; P < 0.0001) and oral olanzapine (aHR 0.69; 95% CI 0.61–0.77; P < 0.0001). Mortality risk was lowest for reinitiation of clozapine (aHR 0.18; 95% CI 0.09–0.36; P < 0.0001) and oral olanzapine (aHR 0.26; 95% CI 0.17–0.40; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsClozapine and olanzapine are the most effective and safest treatment options in those discontinuing clozapine for undefined reasons. Clozapine should therefore be reconsidered in patients with schizophrenia who previously discontinued this compound.