bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health perceptions and client satisfaction among homeless adults attending a community‐centred dental clinic
Authors: Hawkesford JL , Lette H , Saunders J , Slack‐Smith L 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe homeless face significant barriers accessing dental care. Community‐centred dental clinics might provide more accessible care to this group. This descriptive epidemiological study aimed to measure oral health perceptions and client satisfaction among homeless and similarly disadvantaged adults receiving community‐centred dental care.MethodsA sample of 79 clients attending St Patrick’s Oral Health Clinic completed Locker’s Global Oral Health Item, the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 and the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire 4.ResultsHigh levels of satisfaction with St Patrick’s Oral Health Clinic were based on positive staff attitudes, low cost, time effectiveness and staff sensitivity to anxiety. Ideas for improvement included shorter treatment waiting lists, offering additional treatment types and better communication and advertisement of the service. Compared to the general Australian population, participants reported a relatively poor self‐perception of oral health and a high prevalence and severity of oral health impacts.ConclusionsParticipants experienced significant personal and social impacts due to their oral conditions. High levels of client satisfaction reflect the value of community‐centred dental care for this group. An understanding of factors influencing satisfaction might be useful for similar services providing oral care to homeless and similarly disadvantaged groups.
A functional mutation in the AMPD1 promoter region affects promoter activity and breast meat freshness in chicken
Authors: Yu S. , Wang G. , Liao J. , Chen X. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryFreshness is an important index to determine the quality deterioration (protein degradation and changes in appearance) of chilled chicken meat and is a primary consideration of consumers. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 (AMPD1) catalyzes the deamination of adenosine monophosphate to inosine monophosphate in skeletal muscle and is the rate‐limiting step in the purine nucleotide cycle. Inosine monophosphate is regarded as an important indicator of meat freshness in chicken. This study investigated the association of polymorphisms in the chicken AMPD1 promoter region with meat freshness during freezing storage. An SNP (c. –905G>A) was found to be associated with the freshness (K‐value) of chicken breast meat. Chickens with the AA genotype had significantly lower K‐values than those with GG and AG genotypes (P < 0.01). Individuals with the AA genotype also had higher breast meat AMPD1 mRNA levels than did those with the GG and AG genotypes (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). A luciferase assay revealed that genotype AA had greater transcriptional activity than genotype GG. Transcription factor binding site analysis identified distinct putative transcription factor binding sites in the two alleles of mutation site c. –905. In summary, we identified an SNP (c. –905G>A) in the promoter region of the AMPD1 gene that may modulate the binding affinity of different transcription factors to control AMPD1 expression and affect the freshness K‐value of chicken meat.
End‐point selection to determine the airway‐systemic ratio of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma
Authors: Lipworth Brian , Chan Rory , Kuo Chris Rui Wen 
Published: November 2020

Key PointsThe use of adenosine monophosphate challenge and basal cortisol as short‐term surrogate end points of airway‐systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma is not suitable to properly determine the clinically relevant long‐term therapeutic index.
Learning Elastic Constitutive Material and Damping Models
Authors: Wang Bin , Deng Yuanmin , Kry Paul , Ascher Uri , Huang Hui , Chen Baoquan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCommonly used linear and nonlinear constitutive material models in deformation simulation contain many simplifications and only cover a tiny part of possible material behavior. In this work we propose a framework for learning customized models of deformable materials from example surface trajectories. The key idea is to iteratively improve a correction to a nominal model of the elastic and damping properties of the object, which allows new forward simulations with the learned correction to more accurately predict the behavior of a given soft object. Space‐time optimization is employed to identify gentle control forces with which we extract necessary data for model inference and to finally encapsulate the material correction into a compact parametric form. Furthermore, a patch based position constraint is proposed to tackle the challenge of handling incomplete and noisy observations arising in real‐world examples. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method with a set of synthetic examples, as well with data captured from real world homogeneous elastic objects.
Real Time Multiscale Rendering of Dense Dynamic Stackings
Authors: Michel É. , Boubekeur T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDense dynamic aggregates of similar elements are frequent in natural phenomena and challenging to render under full real time constraints. The optimal representation to render them changes drastically depending on the distance at which they are observed, ranging from sets of detailed textured meshes for near views to point clouds for distant ones. Our multiscale representation use impostors to achieve the mid‐range transition from mesh‐based to point‐based scales. To ensure a visual continuum, the impostor model should match as closely as possible the mesh on one side, and reduce to a single pixel response that equals point rendering on the other. In this paper, we propose a model based on rich spherical impostors, able to combine precomputed as well as dynamic procedural data, and offering seamless transitions from close instanced meshes to distant points. Our approach is architectured around an on‐the‐fly discrimination mechanism and intensively exploits the rough spherical geometry of the impostor proxy. In particular, we propose a new sampling mechanism to reconstruct novel views from the precomputed ones, together with a new conservative occlusion culling method, coupled with a two‐pass rendering pipeline leveraging early‐Z rejection. As a result, our system scales well and is even able to render sand, while supporting completely dynamic stackings.
SRNet: A 3D Scene Recognition Network using Static Graph and Dense Semantic Fusion
Authors: Fan Zhaoxin , Liu Hongyan , He Jun , Sun Qi , Du Xiaoyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoint cloud based 3D scene recognition is fundamental to many real world applications such as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). However, most of existing methods do not take full advantage of the contextual semantic features of scenes. And their recognition abilities are severely affected by dynamic noise such as points of cars and pedestrians in the scene. To tackle these issues, we propose a new Scene Recognition Network, namely SRNet. In this model, to learn local features without being affected by dynamic noise, we propose Static Graph Convolution (SGC) module, which are then stacked as our backbone. Next, to further avoid dynamic noise, we introduce a Spatial Attention Module (SAM) to make the feature descriptor pay more attention to immovable local areas that are more relevant to our task. Finally, in order to make a more profound sense of the scene, we design a Dense Semantic Fusion (DSF) strategy to integrate multi‐level features during feature propagation, which helps the model deepen its understanding of the contextual semantics of scenes. By utilizing these designs, SRNet can map scenes to discriminative and generalizable feature vectors, which are then used for finding matching pairs. Experimental studies demonstrate that SRNet achieves new state‐of‐the‐art on scene recognition and shows good generalization ability to other point cloud based tasks.
Weakly Supervised Part‐wise 3D Shape Reconstruction from Single‐View RGB Images
Authors: Niu Chengjie , Yu Yang , Bian Zhenwei , Li Jun , Xu Kai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order for the deep learning models to truly understand the 2D images for 3D geometry recovery, we argue that single‐view reconstruction should be learned in a part‐aware and weakly supervised manner. Such models lead to more profound interpretation of 2D images in which part‐based parsing and assembling are involved. To this end, we learn a deep neural network which takes a single‐view RGB image as input, and outputs a 3D shape in parts represented by 3D point clouds with an array of 3D part generators. In particular, we devise two levels of generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate shapes with both correct part shape and reasonable overall structure. To enable a self‐taught network training, we devise a differentiable projection module along with a self‐projection loss measuring the error between the shape projection and the input image. The training data in our method is unpaired between the 2D images and the 3D shapes with part decomposition. Through qualitative and quantitative evaluations on public datasets, we show that our method achieves good performance in part‐wise single‐view reconstruction.
Radiofrequency ablation of supraventricular arrhythmias after orthotopic heart transplantation: Long‐term follow‐up of a single‐center experience
Authors: Renedo María F. , González José L. , Giunta Gustavo A. , Giordanino Elián F. , Ameri Aldana S. , Mysuta Mauricio A. , Ramirez Debora A. , Favaloro Liliana E. , Favaloro Roberto R. , Absi Daniel O. , Galizio Néstor O. , Bertolotti Alejandro M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSupraventricular arrhythmias (SVAs), commonly managed with radiofrequency ablation (RFA), may occur after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT).MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 514 consecutive patients (pts.) undergoing OHT between January 1990 and July 2016 in a single‐center. Patients with SVAs managed with RFA were included. Mechanisms of genesis of SVAs, association with surgical techniques and outcomes, were analyzed.ResultsOf 514 pts undergoing OHT, 53% (272 pts.) were managed with bicaval (BC) technique and 47% (242 pts.) with biatrial (BA) technique. Mean follow‐up 10 ± 8.4 years. Nine pts. (1.7%) developed SVA requiring RFA. The BC technique was performed in 4 pts., 3 pts. presented cavotricuspid isthmus‐dependent atrial flutter (CTI AFL), and 1 pt. double loop AFL. Five pts. were managed with BA technique, 4 pts. presented CTI AFL, and 1 pt. atrial tachycardia (AT). Mean time between OHT and SVA occurrence was 6.6 ± 5.5 years. The procedure was successful in 89% (8 pts.). Arrhythmia recurrence was seen in 3 pts (37%), all with BA technique.ConclusionSupraventricular arrhythmias in heart transplantation may be associated with the surgical scar. Identifying the mechanism is vital to choose the appropriate treatment with radiofrequency ablation.
Linking language to sensory experience: Onomatopoeia in early language development
Authors: Motamedi Yasamin , Murgiano Margherita , Perniss Pamela , Wonnacott Elizabeth , Marshall Chloë , Goldin‐Meadow Susan , Vigliocco Gabriella 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA key question in developmental research concerns how children learn associations between words and meanings in their early language development. Given a vast array of possible referents, how does the child know what a word refers to? We contend that onomatopoeia (e.g. knock, meow), where a word's sound evokes the sound properties associated with its meaning, are particularly useful in children's early vocabulary development, offering a link between word and sensory experience not present in arbitrary forms. We suggest that, because onomatopoeia evoke imagery of the referent, children can draw from sensory experience to easily link onomatopoeic words to meaning, both when the referent is present as well as when it is absent. We use two sources of data: naturalistic observations of English‐speaking caregiver–child interactions from 14 up to 54 months, to establish whether these words are present early in caregivers’ speech to children, and experimental data to test whether English‐speaking children can learn from onomatopoeia when it is present. Our results demonstrate that onomatopoeia: (a) are most prevalent in early child‐directed language and in children's early productions, (b) are learnt more easily by children compared with non‐iconic forms and (c) are used by caregivers in contexts where they can support communication and facilitate word learning.
Diabetes distress instruments in adults with Type 1 diabetes: A systematic review using the COSMIN (COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments) checklist
Authors: Kenny Eanna , O’Malley Róisín , Roche Kevin , Morrissey Eimear , Dinneen Sean F. , Byrne Molly , Casey Bláthín 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo identify all extant instruments used to measure diabetes distress in adults with Type 1 diabetes and to evaluate the evidence for the measurement properties of these instruments.MethodsMedline, Embase, CINAHL plus and PsycINFO were systematically searched from inception up until 12 March 2020 for all publications which evaluated the psychometric properties of diabetes distress measurement instruments. The quality of the methodology and the measurement properties in the identified studies were evaluated using the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines.ResultsSeven out of the 7656 articles retrieved in the search were included in the final review. Four diabetes distress measurement instruments were identified, none of which displayed evidence for all measurement properties specified in the COSMIN guidelines. The Problem Areas in Diabetes‐11 (PAID‐11) demonstrated the best psychometric properties, displaying strong evidence for structural validity, internal consistency, hypothesis testing, responsiveness and criterion validity. The Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (PAID) was the most frequently investigated instrument, demonstrating good relevance and hypothesis testing across four studies; however, concerns remain over its factor structure.ConclusionThe PAID‐11 appears to be the most psychometrically sound instrument for measuring diabetes distress in adults with Type 1 diabetes, displaying strong evidence for a range of measurement properties. However, as only one study evaluated this instrument and its content validity has yet to be assessed, further validation is warranted. Additional qualitative work is needed to assess the content validity of these instruments among individuals with Type 1 diabetes.
A tale of two leeches: Toward the understanding of the evolution and development of behavioral neural circuits
Authors: Kuo Dian‐Han , De‐Miguel Francisco F. , Heath‐Heckman Elizabeth A. C. , Szczupak Lidia , Todd Krista , Weisblat David A. , Winchell Christopher J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the animal kingdom, behavioral traits encompass a broad spectrum of biological phenotypes that have critical roles in adaptive evolution, but an EvoDevo approach has not been broadly used to study behavior evolution. Here, we propose that, by integrating two leech model systems, each of which has already attained some success in its respective field, it is possible to take on behavioral traits with an EvoDevo approach. We first identify the developmental changes that may theoretically lead to behavioral evolution and explain why an EvoDevo study of behavior is challenging. Next, we discuss the pros and cons of the two leech model species, Hirudo, a classic model for invertebrate neurobiology, and Helobdella, an emerging model for clitellate developmental biology, as models for behavioral EvoDevo research. Given the limitations of each leech system, neither is particularly strong for behavioral EvoDevo. However, the two leech systems are complementary in their technical accessibilities, and they do exhibit some behavioral similarities and differences. By studying them in parallel and together with additional leech species such as Haementeria, it is possible to explore the different levels of behavioral development and evolution.
Platelet transfusion and tranexamic acid to prevent bleeding in outpatients with a hematological disease: A Dutch nationwide survey
Authors: Cornelissen Loes L. , Caram‐Deelder Camila , Meier Romy T. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan , Evers Dorothea ,   Dutch Blood Transfusion Related Research Consortium
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThere is scarce evidence about the effectiveness of anti‐bleeding measures in hematological outpatients experiencing persistent severe thrombocytopenia. We aim to describe clinical practice and clinicians' considerations on the administration of prophylactic platelet transfusions and tranexamic acid (TXA) to outpatients with acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), or aplastic anemia (AA) in the Netherlands.MethodsWe conducted an online survey among members of the Dutch Society for Hematology.ResultsThe survey was filled out by 73 respondents. Prophylactic platelet transfusions are widely used in acute leukemia and MDS outpatients receiving disease‐modifying treatments (87%‐98% of respondents). TXA is predominantly prescribed in case of bleeding (tendency) (71%‐88% of respondents). Conditions potentially increasing bleeding risks highly variably influence clinicians' decision making on anti‐bleeding regimens, which includes a wide range in adhered platelet thresholds.ConclusionConsidering that both the contribution of prophylactic platelet transfusions as well as TXA to limiting bleeding is insufficiently evidence‐based, there is an urgent need for trials on optimal anti‐bleeding strategies in this outpatient population, which should encompass efficacy, logistic, financial, and quality‐of‐life aspects.
Industrial rearing of edible insects could be a major source of new biological invasions
Authors: Bang Alok , Courchamp Franck 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe recent upsurge in the edible insect market has seen industrialisation and intensification without adequate regulatory policy guidelines in place. The species being reared and sold are often non‐native, in rearing centres not equipped to contain the species, and in areas without regional or national pre‐entry regulations, post‐entry monitoring guidelines and early response programmes to address escapee species. Such unregulated transport, trade and rearing of species, compounded by the policy and implementation loopholes at the regional, national and international levels will most likely lead to new biological invasions, as has been witnessed with other unregulated trade practices. To avoid this, it is necessary to monitor and regulate the species to be reared, to improve the quarantine guidelines of the rearing centres, and to be more stringent about the policies and practices that allow movements of non‐native species across international borders.
Patients with a relapsing course of steroid‐responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis exhibit persistent intrathecal CD4+ T‐cell activation
Authors: Pfeuffer Steffen , Ruck Tobias , Rolfes Leoni , Pawlowski Matthias , Pawlitzki Marc , Wiendl Heinz , Kovac Stjepana , Meuth Sven G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeSteroid‐responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) is a rare condition defined by encephalopathy with acute or subacute onset, the presence of serum anti‐thyroid antibodies, and reasonable exclusion of alternative causes. Despite having strong response towards corticosteroid treatment, some patients exhibit a chronic‐relapsing course and require long‐term immunosuppression. Markers for early identification of those patients are still absent. Thus, we aimed to characterise clinical as well as laboratory parameters of our local SREAT cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 22 SREAT patients treated in our hospital from January 2014.ResultsA total of 14 patients with a monophasic disease course and eight patients with multiple relapses were identified. Neither baseline characteristics nor routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters were able to distinguish between those patient groups. Flow cytometry following initial relapse therapy showed treatment‐resistant sequestration of activated CD4+ T cells in patients with a relapsing disease course, whereas other lymphocyte subsets showed uniform changes. Such changes were also present in long‐term follow‐up CSF examination.ConclusionOur findings indicate a potential biomarker for risk stratification in patients with SREAT. Currently, it remains unclear whether the observed two phenotypes are different spectra of SREAT or represent separate diseases in terms of pathophysiology.
Cognitive decline in older adults with epilepsy: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Choi Hyunmi , Thacker Evan L. , Longstreth William T. , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Boehme Amelia K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveCognitive decline is a major concern for older adults with epilepsy. Whether and how much faster older adults with epilepsy experience cognitive decline beyond expected age‐related cognitive change remain unclear. We sought to estimate and compare rates of cognitive decline in older adults with and without epilepsy.MethodsThe Cardiovascular Health Study is a population‐based longitudinal cohort study of 5888 US adults aged 65+. Cognitive function was assessed annually with Modified Mini‐Mental State Exam (3MS) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). We used linear mixed models to estimate average rates of decline in 3MS and DSST scores by epilepsy status (prevalent, incident, or no epilepsy), adjusted for risk factors associated with cognitive decline.ResultsThe rate of decline in 3MS was significantly faster in prevalent epilepsy (P < .001) and after incident epilepsy (P = .002) compared with no epilepsy. Prevalent epilepsy and apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) ε4 (ApoE4) had a synergistic interaction, whereby prevalent epilepsy and ApoE4 together were associated with 1.51 points faster annual decline in 3MS than would be expected if prevalent epilepsy and ApoE4 did not interact (P < .001). Older adults with prevalent epilepsy had a significantly lower initial DSST score and faster rate of decline compared to those with no epilepsy (P < .001).SignificanceFaster decline in global cognitive ability seen in this study validates concerns of patients. ApoE4 allele status was an effect modifier of the relationship between cognitive decline and prevalent epilepsy. Further research is warranted to explore biological mechanisms and possible interventions to mitigate cognitive decline.
Continuous texture evolution during staged solid solution of Al‐Cu‐Mg and the influence on fatigue resistance
Authors: Shen Fanghua , Li Wenfang , Xie Chunxiao , Zhou Zirong , Chen Juming , Yi Danqing , Chen Yuqiang , Jiang Bo , Sun Zhenzhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContinuous texture evolution of the Al‐Cu‐Mg alloy during the staged solid solution and corresponding influence on fatigue property has been studied by means of X‐ray diffraction, electron back scattered diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The characteristic texture transition rate XCGB and orientation streamline approach was introduced to further investigate the behind mechanisms. The results show that the two‐step solid solution could significantly enhance the XCGB, thereby contributes to reduce the fatigue crack growth rate of Al‐Cu‐Mg T3 sheet during stage Π. The near Cube texture with high Schmid factor (SF) and low Taylor factor (TF) tends to induce significant crack deflection, crack closure and strengthened planar slip. The potential 60°<1, −1, 1> twin relation and mutual transformation existed between Goss and P texture would further reduce the fine random orientation grain and inter‐granular fatigue crack extension. Such above effects would be responsible for the excellent correspondence between XCGB and fatigue resistance.