bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE INCREASING DENGUE INCIDENCE IN BIHAR REGION: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Vivek , Sahni Gopal Shankar 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Dengue is one of the most serious mosquitos borne viral infection mainly affecting tropical and subtropical countries of the world. In absence of specific treatment and vaccine for dengue fever (DF); vector control is the only method by which spread of dengue can be prevented. The present study was conducted to determine the increasing dengue incidence in Bihar region.
Material and Method: This study was done to report the sero prevalence of Dengue virus infection at Bihar, North India. The laboratory records of clinically suspected Dengue patients from jan 2018 to Nov 2018 were analyzed retrospectively for demographic features, seasonal variations, and results of IgM and IgG anti dengue antibodies tested by Dengue IGM capture enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (MAC ELISA).
Results: A total of 1035 serum samples were analyzed. Out of which 209 samples (20.19%) were found positive for dengue virus infection. Maximum positive cases were seen in 2019 (53.11%). Seasonal trend showed that infection started appearing in august, peaked in October and slowly tapered by December.
Conclusion: The most affected age group was 11 to 15 years of age, (57.3%) followed by 6 to10 year’s group (27.3 %)and least effective age group was 0 to 5 year (15.4%), majority of cases were found to be of secondary dengue virus infection (93.8%). Male to female ratio was 2:1.The present outbreak thus emphasizes the need for continuous sero epidemiological surveillance for the timely formulation and implementation of effective dengue control programme.
Keywords: Dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever, IgM antibody capture enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (MAC ELISA), India, vector.
DIAGNOSTIC USEFULNESS OF CBNAAT IN DIAGNOSING PEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY.
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Kumar Manoj , Sahni Gopal Shankar 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the major health problems in India. The recent introduction of Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) also known as Gene Xpert MTB/ RIF assay has significantly transformed the diagnostics of TB. The present study aimed diagnostic usefulness of CBNAAT for diagnosing pediatric tuberculosis in our hospital setting.
Material and Methods: This study was carried out at department of Pediatric, Skmch Bihar India from oct 2018 to Nov 2019. Total 447 patients showing symptoms and signs of suspected localized and/or disseminated tuberculosis or having history of close contact with diagnosed tuberculosis patients admitted in our hospital during the study period were included in this study. Samples (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) were collected from the subjects and put to test for CBNAAT, Zeihl-Neelsen (ZN) smear and culture.
Results: Among the pulmonary samples, CBNAAT detected MTB in 23 of the 108 sputum/induced sputum samples (21.29%), 89 of the 248 gastric lavage/aspirate samples (35.88%) and 0 of the 5 bronchoalveolar lavage samples (0%). Among the extrapulmonary samples, CBNAAT detected MTB in 9 of the 63 CSF samples (14.28%), 1 of the 13 pleural fluid samples (7.69%), 0 of the 6 ascitic fluid samples (0%) and 3 of the 4 lymph node aspirate samples obtained by FNAC(75%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CBNAAT in reference to culture are 90.15%, 98.09%, 95.2%and 95.2%respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CBNAAT in reference to ZN smear are 100%, 91.47%, 76% and 100% respectively.
Conclusion: CBNAAT assay is a rapid test which identifies both the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) (with high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value) and rifampicin resistance associated with mutation of rpoB gene in a single test. It also helps to avoid injudicious use of anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Keywords: CBNAAT; MTB; ZN smear; Culture
TO ASSESS THE ACCURACY OF CLINICAL PALLOR IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS DIAGNOSED OF ANEMIA IN NORTH BIHAR REGION: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Paswan Satyendra , Gupta Nagendra Prasad , Kumar Shaantanu 
Published: August 2020

Aim: to assess the accuracy of clinical pallor in pediatric patients diagnosed of anemia.
Material and Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India from August 2019 to March 2020 among 200 anemic children attained the age between 6 months to 5 years. Blood was drawn by venepuncture and hemoglobin estimation was done by cyanmethemoglobin method. Anemia was diagnosed when hemoglobin was less than 11g/dl.
Results: anemia is less common among infants aged below 12 months. The moderate anemia was best detected by using palm pallor or pallor of the nail beds (sensitivity 92-95%), while conjunctival pallor was least useful (sensitivity 82%).
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that clinical criteria can be used to identify children with anemia of moderate degree who need treatment with iron. Moderate anemia is associated with morbidity that may progress to severe anemia and death unless prevented by treatment with iron.
Keywords: Anemia, Accuracy, Pallor, Infants
Desenvolvimento tecnológico e inovação em fitomedicamentos
Authors: Da Conceição Edemilson 
Published: August 2020

O Brasil detém a maior diversidade biológica do mundo com enorme potencial para a pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação de Fitomedicamentos. Esta biodiversidade está distribuída em seis grandes biomas: Pampa, Mata Atlântica, Floresta Amazônica, Pantanal, Caatinga e Cerrado. Apesar desta enorme riqueza, temos poucos produtos desenvolvidos a partir dos derivados das plantas nativas e plantas exóticas adaptadas.
Sob o ponto de vista de PD&I, temos todas as condições objetivas para explorar de forma racional nossa flora, gerando produtos farmacêuticos de alto valor agregado para disponibilizar ao SUS, trazendo opções para prevenir, remediar, controlar ou curar várias doenças, incluindo as que são endêmicas e negligenciadas.
A comunidade acadêmica no Brasil representa um importante papel no cenário de PD&I de novos Fitomedicamentos estáveis, seguros e de qualidade. Atualmente, temos a nossa disposição ferramentas e métodos modernos da Tecnologia Farmacêutica.
Este número temático está relacionado ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e inovação de Fitomedicamentos que inclui tópicos que compreendem a economia verde; a cadeia produtiva e a gestão de inovação; estudos químicos e avaliação biológica; biotecnologia das proteases oriundas de plantas; desenvolvimento e validação de métodos analíticos para a quantificação de marcadores químicos; acesso aos medicamentos derivados da Cannabis e Tecnologia Fitofarmacêutica.
Para finalizar, destacamos a importância da inovação no sentido de fomentar a interação entre as universidades e as empresas, valorizando assim, o conhecimento tradicional e os arranjos produtivos locais, criando um sólido modelo de desenvolvimento tecnológico Fitofarmacêutico.
Boa leitura!
Usury (Riba) and the Place of Bank Interest in Islamic Banking and Finance
Authors: Zaman M. Raquibuz 
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the concept of usury or Riba as was understood at the time of the Prophet of Islam and his contemporaries in Mecca and Medina, and what differing interpretations of the term developed in succeeding centuries in Muslim populated countries of the world. It gives a brief summary of the concept of usury in Judaism and Christianity and how this term is equivalent of Riba in Islam. It demonstrates that Riba and interest are not synonymous terms, and that what Islam forbids is usury and not interest. It asserts that, although some interests are usurious, the claim by the contemporary Islamic Banking and Financial institutions, IBFIs, that these institutions are “Islamic” because the term is not used in their transactions, is misleading at best. It ends with the proclamation that true IBFIs are not only feasible, but also are inevitable to serve the needs of the Muslims around the world.
The Input Requirements of Conventional and Shariahcompliant Banking
Authors: Abdul Majid Mariani 
Published: August 2020

Islamic banking activities are limited within the scope of shari’ah which is within the scope of socially responsible and ethical banking activities, different from that based on interest-based banking. This paper attempts to measure the input data required by shari’ah-compliant banking in comparison with conventional banking to estimate their relative efficiencies and economies of and returns to scale. Cost and output distance functions were estimated for a sample of banks in 10 countries which operate both types of banking. The results showed that shari’ah-compliant banking has higher input requirements relative to interest based banking, but exhibit superior average efficiency only in Malaysia but inferior average efficiency in cross-country analysis. There is little evidence of differences in economies/returns to scale between shari’ah and conventional banks.
Mergers and Acquisitions: The Nigerian Banking Consolidation Program
Authors: Agu Chukwuma , Olajide Damilola , Ikenwilo Divine , Orji Anthony 
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the determinants of the exit behaviour of banks in the Nigerian consolidation program during July 2004 and December 2005. We conceptualise the exit process in a flexible bivariate competing risks model to examine the importance of macroeconomic and industry-specific factors for both merged banks and failed banks jointly. The preliminary results suggest that bank-specific characteristics mattered more for preventing bank failure than they did for emergence of the M&A banks. Second, the Central Bank of Nigeria’s assistance was highly influential in preventing bank failure, and, for banks that benefited, the assistance increased their probability of being merged or acquired. Also, we found no strong evidence suggesting that the prevailing macroeconomic conditions and industry-specific factors had influenced exit behaviour of banks during the consolidation exercise. We found evidence of structural dependence between failure and merger and acquisition hazards induced by CBN incentive.
Board Gender Diversity, Corporate Reputation and Market Performance
Authors: Larkin Meredith B. , Bernardi Richard A. , Bosco Susan M. 
Published: August 2020

This study examines the association between corporate transparency, ethical orientation of Fortune 500 companies, the number of females represented on the board of directors as reported in the 2010 annual report data and respective stock performance. Our basis for this judgement was whether the firm was listed on either (both) Ethisphere Magazine’s 2010 ‘World’s Most Ethical Companies’ or (and) Corporate Responsibility Magazine’s 2010 ‘100 Best Corporate Citizens List’. Our results indicate that, as the number of women directors increased, the probability of a corporation appearing in these lists increases. Finally, while being on one of these lists did not increase corporate return data in a statistically significant sense, it did dramatically reduce the degree of negative returns.
Mush̄ārakah and Mudārabah Instruments: Assessing their Characteristics
Authors: Chowdhury Naeem 
Published: August 2020

Until very recently, equity financing is more in line with the spirit of Islam as compared with debt financing. As such, mushārakah and mudārabah are the preferred modes for Islamic investors. It is therefore a matter of a concern that even after four decades after Islamic finance captured the attention of investors around the globe, these two purest genres account only for a small percentage of Islamic financial industry. The paper examines more searchingly for the reasons why mushārakah and mudārabah occupy such insignificant place among Islamic financial products. This paper offers an analytical insight.
Foreign Ownership, Return Volatility, Trading Volume, and Risk of Stocks in Indonesia
Authors: Naufa Ahmad Maulin , Lantara I Wayan Nuka 
Published: August 2020

This study examines the relationship between foreign ownership and return volatility, trading volume, and risk of stocks at the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Panel data of selected companies listed on the LQ45 index of the IDX was employed for the period between 2011 and 2017. Foreign ownership was found to positively affect stock return volatility, trading volume, and risk. Hence, more substantial foreign ownership of stocks meant more drawbacks to Indonesian stocks. Therefore, there is a need for the Indonesian government to limit and regulate foreign shareholders in Indonesia.
Transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistula presenting with recurrent transient ischaemic attack: A technical case report.
Authors: Ramli Hamid Marlina Tanty , Abdul Kadir Khairul Azmi 
Published: August 2020

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) are uncommon and account for approximately 1% of all strokes. All transverse-sigmoid sinus DAVFs require treatment because of the low rate of spontaneous regression and frequent association with aggressive neurologic symptoms. Endovascular embolization which aims for permanent obliteration of the lesion is now the primary treatment modality for all DAVFs. We present a 56-year-old patient with long standing history of intermittent TIA-like symptoms. Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography revealed right transverse-sigmoid sinus DAVF and bilateral vertebral arteries occlusion. The patient’s symptoms completely resolved upon successful trans-arterial embolization of the DAVF.
Perhubungan Awam, Media Sosial, Etika Kerja Islam Serta Trend Penggunaan Media Sosial di Sektor Awam Kementerian di Malaysia
Authors: Mustafa Muhamad Zaki , Kasmani Mohd Faizal , Mohamed Ariffin Mohd Yahya , Mohd Noor Khairunneezam 
Published: August 2020

Media baharu memainkan peranan penting di dalam pembangunan sesebuah negara. Kajian ini menerangkan mengenai perhubungan awam, media sosial, etika kerja Islam serta trend penggunaan media baharu dalam kalangan unit perhubungan awam kementerian-kementerian di Malaysia. Hasil kajian yang menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan keatas jumlah pengikut Facebook, Twitter dan Instagram Kementerian di Malaysia pada bulan Oktober tahun 2019. Hasil kajian menunjukkan tiga Kementerian yang mempunyai paling ramai pengikut adalah Kementerian Kesihatan, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kementerian Dalam Negeri serta Kementerian Belia dan Sukan.
New media plays an important role in the development of a country. This study explores public relations, social media, Islamic work ethics and new media usage trends among public relations units of ministries in Malaysia. The results of the study use content analysis method on the Ministry of Malaysia's Followers Facebook, Twitter and Instagram accounts in October 2019. The results show three Ministries with the most followers are the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Domestic Affair and Ministry of Youth and Sports.
العولمة وموقف الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر منها
Authors: Sheikh Abdisamad Najib , Sulaiman Ibrahim Fahad 
Published: August 2020

يتناول هذا البحث نشأة مصطلح العولمة وانتشار تناوله بين المثقفين في العالم إلا أن ما يحيط به من غموض يكاد يكون هو المعبر عن المجالات التي تدور حوله. فبرغم الكم الهائل من الكتابات والمقالات والمؤتمرات والندوات العلمية التي تتناول هذا المفهوم في العالم إلا أنه من الصعوبة بمكان تحديد كل جوانب العولمة كعملية لها أبعاد وجوانب متعددة ومتشابكة ولا تقتصر على جانب واحد وإن كان في الغالب اقتصادي الهدف حيث تغيب عملياً الجوانب الأخرى السياسية والثقافية. وقد اتبعت هذه الدراسة المنهج الوصفي الذي يقوم على عرض المشكلة ووصفها بطريقة معينة إلى جانب الاستعانه بالمنهج التحليلي الذي يوفر إطارًا لدراسة مشكلة البحث والتعرف على طبيعتها، ومن ثمّ تحديد أسبابها للوصول إلى نتائج محددة. ثمّ توصلت الدراسة إلى أن أهم تحديات العولمة الثقافية التي تواجه الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر، هو الاختراق الثقافي والغزو الفكري الذي يهدد الهوية الإسلامية.
This research deals with the emergence of the term globalization and its spread among intellectuals in the world, but the ambiguity surrounding it is almost the expression of the fields that revolve around it. Despite the huge amount of writings, articles, conferences and scientific symposia that address this concept in the world, it is difficult to define all aspects of globalization as a process that has multiple dimensions and intertwined aspects and is not limited to one side, although it is mostly an economic goal, where practically the other political and cultural aspects are absent. This study has followed the descriptive approach, which is based on presenting the problem and describing it in a specific way, in addition to the analytical approach that provides a framework for studying the research problem and identifying its nature, and then determining its reasons to reach specific results. The study concluded that the most important challenges of cultural globalization facing contemporary Islamic thought are cultural penetration and intellectual invasion that threatens Islamic identity.
العربيَّة لأغراض أكاديميَّة: دارسة تحليليَّة لاحتياجات الدارسين
Authors: Omar Zakaria , Kheir Abdullah Muhammad Adam , Ahmad Nordin 
Published: August 2020

يسعى هذا البحث من خلال المنهج الوصفيِّ التَّحليليِّ إلى الوقوف على احتياجات الدَّارسين الماليزيين في تعلّم اللغة العربيَّة لأغراض أكاديمية. يحاول البحث الإجابة عن السؤال الآتي: ما المحتويات الملائمة لمساق "العربيَّة لأغراض أكاديمية"؟ وللإجابة عن هذا السؤال استخدم البحث استبانةً تحتوي على سؤال واحد مفتوح، يُطُلب من الدارسين الإجابة عنه في بداية الفصل الدراسيِّ، والسؤال هو: ماذا يريد الدارس أن يدرس من مساق "العربيَّة لأغراض أكاديمية"؟ توصَّل البحث إلى أنّ الطلاب يدرسون هذا المساق لحاجات مختلفة حسب الترتيب الآتي: كتابة المقال الجدلي بالطريقة الصحيحة، وكتابة البحث العلمي بالمنهج الصحيح، وتعزيز مهارة الكلام، وقراءة النحو العربي والصرف، وقراءة المقال وفهمه وتحليله.
This study was undertaken to investigate the needs of Malaysian learners in learning “Arabic for Academic Purposes (AAP)” course. The research attempts to answer the following question: What are the appropriate contents for the AAP course? To answer this question, the research used a questionnaire containing one open question. Students are asked to answer it at the beginning of the semester. The question is: What do you want to study from AAP course? The research found that the students study this course for different needs according to the following order: writing an argumentative essay, writing research with the correct method, enhancing speaking skill, reading Arabic grammar and reading and analyzing an essay.
The Role of the Initiator System in the Synthesis of Acidic Multifunctional Nanoparticles Designed for Molecular Imprinting of Proteins
Authors: Ahmed Marwa Aly , Erdőssy Júlia , Horváth Viola 
Published: August 2020

Multifunctional nanoparticles have been shown earlier to bind certain proteins with high affinity and the binding affinity could be enhanced by molecular imprinting of the target protein. In this work different initiator systems were used and compared during the synthesis of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-N-tert-butylacrylamide) nanoparticles with respect to their future applicability in molecular imprinting of lysozyme. The decomposition of ammonium persulfate initiator was initiated either thermally at 60 °C or by using redox activators, namely tetramethylethylenediamine or sodium bisulfite at low temperatures. Morphology differences in the resulting nanoparticles have been revealed using scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. During polymerization the conversion of each monomer was followed in time. Striking differences were demonstrated in the incorporation rate of acrylic acid between the tetramethylethylenediamine catalyzed initiation and the other systems. This led to a completely different nanoparticle microstructure the consequence of which was the distinctly lower lysozyme binding affinity. On the contrary, the use of sodium bisulfite activation resulted in similar nanoparticle structural homogeneity and protein binding affinity as the thermal initiation.
Investigation of the Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Three Sweet Pepper Cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.) at Different Development and Maturation Stages
Authors: Papathanasiou Theodoros , Gougoulias Nikolaos , Karayannis Vayos G. , Kamvoukou Christina-Anna 
Published: August 2020

The aim of the current research was to investigate and compare the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of sweet pepper cultivars at different development and maturation stages, in order to optimize the beneficial effects. For that purpose, three important sweet pepper cultivars, namely Dolmy-F1, Yahoo-F1 and Florinis-NS-700, were cultivated in a greenhouse. Their total phenolic content, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant properties were assessed at different development and maturation stages. In the aforementioned cultivars, the total phenolic content ranged from 345.2 to 602.1, 404.9 to 794.5, and 795.7 to 2220.3 μg GAE g−1 FW respectively. The ascorbic acid content ranged from 236 to 957, 258 to 1157, and 410 to 1550 μg AA g−1 FW respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was noted at the red maturity stage. Particularly the cultivar Florinis NS 700 was found to possess higher total phenolic, flavonoid phenol, non-flavonoid phenol, ascorbic acid contents, and greater antioxidant capacity, compared to the other cultivars. The results of our study recommend the consumption of the sweet peppers at red maturity stage, for achieving the maximum health-beneficial effects.
Keefektifan Blended Learning dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah (PBL) Terhadap Aktivitas Belajar Mahasiswa IKIP Mataram Pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan
Authors: Dewi Citra Ayu 
Published: August 2020

Karakteristik materi pencemaran lingkungan yang tidak bisa lepas dari kehidupan manusia menuntut adanya suatu pembelajaran yang berkaitan dengan masalah nyata di kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu strategi yang dianggap efektif untuk diterapkan adalah strategi problem based learning, karena pembelajaran dimulai dengan masalah nyatadan untuk memberikan kesempatan belajar lebih banyak, mendiskusikan konsep yang menyeluruh, meningkatkan transfer belajar dan pengalaman dalam memimpin belajar sendiri perlu adanya blended learning sehingga akan dapat meningkatkan proses berpikir kritis dan mengarah pada lingkungan belajar yang optimal. Pada penelitian ini telah membuktikan bahwa penerapan blended learningdalam PBL ternyata lebih efektif dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar mahasiswa dalam proses pembelajaran.