bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADVANCE in context: The benefits, risks and feasibility of providing intensive glycaemic control based on gliclazide modified release
Authors: Zoungas Sophia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the last 3 decades, four large multicentre, randomized clinical trials of patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS, ADVANCE, ACCORD and VADT) have studied different approaches to achieving near normal glycaemic targets. Each was designed against a background of international and national guidelines recommending glycaemic targets of 6.5% or less to prevent diabetic complications. Collectively, these clinical trials provide the most robust evidence of the potential vascular benefits and risks of more versus less glucose control and provide critical insights into how therapies are used. In this review, the glucose‐lowering approach used by the ADVANCE trial is considered and compared with those used by the other trials.
Using RWE research to extend clinical trials in diabetes: An example with implications for the future
Authors: Seeger John D. , Nunes Anthony , Loughlin Anita M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) are seen as the gold standard for evidence in clinical medicine, a number of considerations are increasing the use of real‐world data (RWD) to generate evidence. A series of methodological challenges must be overcome in order for such real‐world evidence (RWE) to gain acceptance.In diabetes, RWE faces some particular issues that have limited its development. As the natural history of diabetes progresses, patients' disease changes over time and treatments will be modified as a result. This evolving disease and treatment pattern requires application of methods that account for such changes over time. Research developing RWE in diabetes and other conditions has sometimes been subject to important biases, and researchers should be aware of, and take steps to mitigate potential for bias in order to enhance the evidence produced.ResultsWe review a RWE study that replicated and extended evidence provided by a RCT regarding the effects of weekly exenatide relative to basal insulin (glargine or detemir) to illustrate a potential application of RWE. This study observed a 0.7% decrease in HbA1C for weekly exenatide relative to a 0.5% decrease in HbA1C for the comparator along with a 2 kg weight loss for weekly exenatide relative to a 0.25 kg weight gain, effects that were close to those from the RCT. Further, the RWE study was able to extend results to patient populations that were not well represented in the RCT.ConclusionDespite numerous challenges, RWE can be used to complement evidence from RCTs.
Association between reduced kidney function and incident hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes: The Stockholm Creatinine Measurements (SCREAM) project
Authors: Runesson Björn , Xu Yang , Qureshi Abdul R. , Lindholm Bengt , Barany Peter , Elinder Carl G. , Carrero Juan J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate possible associations between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hypoglycaemia in adults with diabetes.MethodsWe conducted an observational study in adults with diabetes from the Stockholm Creatinine Measurement (SCREAM) project, a Swedish healthcare utilization cohort during 2007 to 2011. We evaluated diagnoses and outpatient glucose tests for incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of hypoglycaemia (overall and by severity) in outpatient care by eGFR strata using zero‐inflated negative binomial regression. We identified clinical predictors through ordinal logistic regression and assessed 7‐day and 30‐day mortality from hypoglycaemia in relation to eGFR with Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsWe identified 29 434 people with diabetes (13% with type 1 diabetes). Their mean age was 66 years, 43% were women and the median eGFR was 80 mL/min/1.73 m2. During 2 years of follow‐up, 1812 patients (6.2%) had hypoglycaemia registered at least once. The risk of hypoglycaemia increased linearly with lower eGFR, with an IRR of 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.4) for eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 5.8 (95% CI 3.8–9.0) for eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 compared to eGFR 90 to 104 mL/min/1.73 m2. This trend was observed for both mild and severe hypoglycaemia. Both 7‐day and 30‐day post‐hypoglycaemia mortality increased with lower eGFR, peaking in those with eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 (hazard ratio 21.2, 95% CI 5.1–87.9) as compared to those with eGFR 90 to 104 mL/min/1.73 m2. Lower eGFR categories, type 1 diabetes, previous hypoglycaemia, liver disease, presence of diabetic complications and use of insulin and sulphonylureas increased the odds of hypoglycaemia.ConclusionIn this large, observational study, low eGFR was strongly associated with the occurrence, severity and fatality of hypoglycaemia in people with diabetes.
A blend of formic acid, benzoic acid, and aliphatic alkanes mediates alarm recruitment responses in western carpenter ants, Camponotus modoc
Authors: Renyard Asim , Gries Regine , Gries Gerhard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFormicine ants in distress spray alarm pheromone which typically recruits nestmates for help. Studying the western carpenter ant, Camponotus modoc Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), our objectives were to (1) determine the exocrine glands that contain alarm recruitment pheromone, (2) identify the key alarm recruitment pheromone components, and (3) ascertain the pheromone components that are discharged by distressed ants. In Y‐tube olfactometer experiments, extracts of poison glands, but not of Dufour’s glands, elicited anemotactic responses from worker ants. Gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometric analyses of poison gland extracts revealed the presence of (1) aliphatic alkanes (undecane, tridecane, pentadecane, heptadecane), (2) aliphatic alkenes [(Z)‐7‐pentadecene, (Z)‐7‐ and (Z)‐8‐heptadecene], (3) two acids (formic, benzoic), and (4) other oxygenated compounds (hexadecan‐1‐ol, hexadecyl formate, hexadecyl acetate). Testing the responses of worker ants in Y‐tube olfactometers to complete and partial synthetic blends of these compounds revealed that the acids and the alkanes are essential alarm pheromone components. In two‐choice arena bioassays, micro‐locations treated with synthetic alarm pheromone recruited worker ants. Acids and alkanes were abundant in the poison gland and the Dufour’s gland, respectively, suggesting that the alarm pheromone components originate from both glands. Moreover, alarm pheromone sprays of ants differed in that all sprays contained formic acid but only some also contained alkanes, implying that ants can independently discharge the content of either one or both glands in accordance with the type of distress incident they experience.
Findings from a training needs analysis survey to support health professionals across the research lifecycle
Authors: Purnell Margaret 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundUndertaking a training needs analysis (TNA) in a health library context can be a useful tool for gathering evidence that supports service redesign. This article focuses on the findings of a TNA survey undertaken at a health library in northern Australia.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to discover the information and training needs of health department staff who work across six hospitals and numerous rural and remote clinics, with a focus on research project support.MethodsAn online survey was undertaken in August 2018 to gather data from departmental staff.ResultsThere were 131 responses to the survey. Results indicated that a number of staff are either currently involved with or are intending to undertake a research project in the next year. The majority felt their searching skills were average or above average, but there are still those who struggle. Advanced Search Strategies was the most requested workshop to add to the current training programme and both in‐person and virtual delivery are desirable.ConclusionThe results of this survey have been used to implement a number of changes to the library’s educational services and the library’s website has been updated.
Designing Learning Outcomes in Design Higher Education Curricula
Authors: Soares Diana , Carvalho Paula , Dias Diana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNew and flexible educational paradigms, based on creative, innovative and open‐minded competences, are required in the development of curricula in design, working as an essential skill toolkit for future designers, particularly in higher education. This study aims to explore how learning outcomes, usually expressed by the knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes and competences expected to be achieved by students as a result of an educational experience, are defined and formulated in design study programmes in Portugal. The investigation relies on the linguistic analysis of a corpus composed of a collection of learning outcomes extracted from the Portuguese undergraduate and post‐graduate study programmes in design. The analysis was performed through the application of natural language tools and resources to that corpus. Specifically, we used computational lexicons and grammars to gather information on word frequency, lexical density, syntactic distribution and the morphology used in texts. Additional discourse dimensions, such as the length of sentences, the frequency of specific linguistic patterns, and the presence of subjective items, like evaluative adjectives, were also considered. Results suggest that Portuguese design and art higher education institutions are committed to follow the learning outcomes recommendations, trying to identify measurable ‘design’ skills. Moreover, the results show that, despite of being confined to 1,000 characters, learning outcomes are expressed differently, both in terms of lexicon and grammar, depending on the study cycles, fostering the idea that skills and competences required become more complex as the level of qualification increases.
Low STMN1 is associated with better prognosis in Asian patients with esophageal cancers: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Shasha , Zhang Wei , Shen Peihong , Xu Ruiping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe role of STMN1 in the development and progression of esophageal carcinoma is not yet determined. The present study aimed to systematically evaluate the correlation between STMN1 and prognosis of patients with esophageal carcinoma.MethodsElectronic databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) were searched to identify studies evaluating the impact of STMN1 on the survival of esophageal cancer patients, without the language limitation. Two investigators screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated the quality of the included studies. The combined analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of eight studies, involving 1240 esophageal carcinoma patients, were included in this retrospective design. Meta‐analysis showed that esophageal carcinoma patients with low STMN1 had a superior overall survival and disease‐free survival than those with high expression of STMN1. Compared with the high expression of STMN1, the 5‐year survival rate was significantly higher in patients with low level of STMN1. Patients with high STMN1 expression had a higher risk of experiencing clinical grade III–IV disease, lymph node metastasis, and tumor invasion than those with low STMN1.ConclusionSTMN1 is an indicator for the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma patients.
Comparison of methodological approaches to human gut microbiota changes in response to metabolic and bariatric surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Morales‐Marroquin Elisa , Hanson Blake , Greathouse Leigh , de la Cruz‐Munoz Nestor , Messiah Sarah E. 
Published: April 2020

SummarySubstantial differences in the response of gut microbial composition to metabolic and bariatric surgery have been reported. Therefore, the goal of the present review is to evaluate if methodological differences could be driving this lack of consistency. A search was conducted using PUBMED, Web of Science, Science Direct and COCHRANE using the following inclusion criteria: human studies written in English with a baseline sampling point, using gut microbiota as an outcome and either Roux‐n‐Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. Sixteen articles were selected (total 221 participants). Roux‐n‐Y gastric bypass caused more alterations in gut microbial composition in comparison with sleeve gastrectomy. Substantial variability was found in study designs, data collection and analyses across studies. Increases in several families and genera from the phylum Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, the family Streptococcaceae, the species Akkermansia muciniphila and Streptococcus salivarius and a decrease in the phylum Firmicutes and the family Bifidobacteriaceae were reported. There is a need for standardization not only of microbial analysis but also of study designs when analysing the effect of bariatric surgery on the human gut microbiome. In addition, outcomes from different surgical procedures should not be combined as they produce distinctive effects on gut microbial composition.
Toxoplasma gondii virus‐like particle vaccination alleviates inflammatory response in the brain upon T gondii infection
Authors: Kang Hae‐Ji , Chu Ki‐Back , Lee Su‐Hwa , Kim Min‐Ju , Park Hyunwoo , Jin Hui , Moon Eun‐Kyung , Quan Fu‐Shi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsNeuroinflammation can manifest upon infection with the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii (ME49), which can lead to brain injury and cognitive dysfunction. Rhoptry organelle proteins (ROPs) secreted by T gondii play critical roles in host invasion.Methods and resultsIn this study, influenza virus‐like particles (VLPs) expressing T gondii ROP4 or ROP13 were generated to assess vaccination‐induced changes in intracranial pro‐inflammatory cytokines and antibody responses upon T gondii challenge infection. Compared to ROP13 VLPs, ROP4VLPs vaccination significantly limited the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IFN‐γ and IL‐6 in the brains of mice. Reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokine responses by ROP4 VLPs and ROP13 VLPs correlated with significantly increased T gondii‐specific IgG and IgA antibody responses in the brain, as well as IgG, IgG1 and IgM antibody responses in the sera.ConclusionWe concluded that influenza T gondii VLP vaccination induces antibody responses in sera and brain, which may contribute to the significant reduction of neuroinflammation during T gondii infection.
Occult hepatitis B infections and anti‐HBc prevalence at a resource‐limited blood bank in Mexico
Authors: Hernández‐Romano Pablo , Hernández‐Romano Jesús , Torres‐Hernández Rosa M. , González‐Jiménez Beatriz , López‐Balderas Nayali 
Published: April 2020

SummaryObjectivesTo identify blood donors with occult hepatitis B infections (OBIs), determine the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) positivity and estimate the impact of anti‐HBc screening on donor deferral at CETS‐Veracruz (Mexico).BackgroundHepatitis B virus infection is a major concern in transfusion medicine. Mexican regulations only mandate screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and there are no requirements regarding testing for anti‐HBc or use of a nucleic acid test (NAT). There is, therefore, limited information about the prevalence of anti‐HBc positivity and occult hepatitis B among blood donors in Mexico.MethodsThis retrospective study examined individuals who donated blood to CETS‐Veracruz from June 2014 to June 2017. All donors were serologically examined according to Mexican health regulations, and the prevalence of anti‐HBc positivity was determined. A NAT was used to identify individuals with OBIs.ResultsWe analysed the data of 28 016 blood donors. Over 4 years, the average prevalence of anti‐HBc positivity was 1.05%. The risk factors for anti‐HBc positivity were low education and age over 50 years. There were nine donors with OBIs.ConclusionThe presence of donors with OBIs in CETS‐Veracruz and other Mexican blood banks highlights the need to mandate the implementation of anti‐HBc screening in Mexico.
Invasive histiocytoma in the ear canal of a dog
Authors: Fernandez Monica , Boudreaux Bonnie B. , Wilson Leslie , Moore Peter F. , Rademacher Nathalie , Pucheu‐Haston Cherie 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundCutaneous histiocytomas (CH) are derived from epidermal Langerhans cells. Single CH are generally associated with a good prognosis in dogs because most undergo spontaneous remission. However, aggressive behaviour and lymph node metastasis have been reported in a small number of dogs with single CH.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, treatment and disease progression of an aggressive CH located in the ear canal of a dog.AnimalAn 8‐year‐old intact male Rottweiler dog.Methods and materialsA unilateral ear canal mass was identified as a CH on routine haematoxylin and eosin stained samples. The diagnosis was confirmed by the demonstration of markers associated with Langerhans cells (Iba‐1, E‐cadherin and CD18) and the absence of markers associated with B cells (CD79a, CD20, Pax5), T cells (CD3), plasma cells (Mum‐1) and macrophages (CD11d, CD204).ResultsA total ear canal ablation was performed, but tumour cells extended throughout the horizontal canal and to the deep surgical margin. Due to the locally invasive nature of the mass and incomplete excision, adjunctive chemotherapy with CCNU was pursued. No measurable local disease was appreciable at the time of the last treatment. At 250 days post‐surgery the dog was euthanized owing to the development of multiple abdominal masses. No evidence of local tumour recurrence was noted.Conclusions and clinical importanceAlthough single CH are typically associated with benign behaviour, the mass in this dog demonstrated locally invasive behaviour. Cutaneous histiocytomas in the ear canals of dogs may represent a particularly aggressive variant of the condition.
Considering fault interaction in estimates of absolute stress along faults in the San Gorgonio Pass region, southern California
Authors: Hatch Jennifer L. , Cooke Michele L. , Stern Aviel R. , Douilly Roby , Oglesby David D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Present-day shear tractions along faults of the San Gorgonio Pass region (southern California, USA) can be estimated from stressing rates provided by three-dimensional forward crustal deformation models. Due to fault interaction within the model, dextral shear stressing rates on the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults differ from rates resolved from the regional loading. In particular, fault patches with similar orientations and depths on the two faults show different stressing rates. We estimate the present-day, evolved fault tractions along faults of the San Gorgonio Pass region using the time since last earthquake, fault stressing rates (which account for fault interaction), and coseismic models of the impact of recent nearby earthquakes. The evolved tractions differ significantly from the resolved regional tractions, with the largest dextral traction located within the restraining bend comprising the pass, which has not had recent earthquakes, rather than outside of the bend, which is more preferentially oriented under tectonic loading. Evolved fault tractions can provide more accurate initial conditions for dynamic rupture models within regions of complex fault geometry, such as the San Gorgonio Pass region. An analysis of the time needed to accumulate shear tractions that exceed typical earthquake stress drops shows that present-day tractions already exceed 3 MPa along portions of the Banning, Garnet Hill, and Mission Creek strands of the San Andreas fault. This result highlights areas that may be near failure if accumulated tractions equivalent to typical earthquake stress drops precipitate failure.
Shape isomers in Pt, Hg and Pb isotopes with $${\hbox {N}}\le 126$$
Authors: Pomorski K. , Nerlo-Pomorska B. , Dobrowolski A. , Bartel J. , Petrache C. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeformation-energy surfaces of 54 even-even isotopes of Pt, Hg and Pb nuclei with neutron numbers up to 126 are investigated within a macroscopic-microscopic model based on the Lublin-Strasbourg-Drop macroscopic energy and shell plus pairing-energy corrections obtained from a Yukawa-folded mean-field potential at the desired deformation. A new, rapidly converging Fourier shape parametrization is used to describe nuclear shapes. The stability of shape isomeric states with respect to non-axial and higher-order deformations is investigated.
The Hawking–Page phase transitions in the extended phase space in the Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Su Bing-Yu , Wang Yuan-Yuan , Li Nan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the Hawking–Page phase transitions between the black holes and thermal anti-de Sitter (AdS) space are studied with the Gauss–Bonnet term in the extended phase space, in which the varying cosmological constant plays the role of an effective thermodynamic pressure. The Gauss–Bonnet term exhibits its effects via introducing the corrections to the black hole entropy and Gibbs free energy. The global phase structures, especially the phase transition temperature $$T_{\mathrm{HP}}$$

T
HP

and the Gibbs free energy G, are systematically investigated, first for the Schwarzschild–AdS black holes and then for the charged and rotating AdS black holes in the grand canonical ensembles, with both analytical and numerical methods. It is found that there are terminal points in the coexistence lines, and $$T_{\mathrm{HP}}$$

T
HP

decreases at large electric potentials and angular velocities and also decreases with the Gauss–Bonnet coupling constant $$\alpha $$
α
.
Representativeness of the PIONEER-HF Clinical Trial Population in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Fudim Marat , Sayeed Sabina , Xu Haolin , Matsouaka Roland A. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Velazquez Eric J. , Yancy Clyde W. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Hernandez Adrian F. , DeVore Adam D. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
In PIONEER-HF (Comparison of Sacubitril/Valsartan Versus Enalapril on Effect on NT-pro BNP in Patients Stabilized From an Acute Heart Failure Episode), the in-hospital initiation of sacubitril/valsartan in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) was well-tolerated and led to improved outcomes. We aim to determine the representativeness of the PIONEER-HF trial among patients hospitalized for ADHF using real-world data.

Methods:
The study population was derived from all patients discharged alive for ADHF in the Get With The Guidelines—HF registry from 2006 to 2018 with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; all HFrEF with ADHF). We then determined the proportion of patients meeting PIONEER-HF eligibility criteria (PIONEER-HF eligible) and those meeting a set of limited eligibility criteria (actionable cohort). Rates of HF readmissions and all-cause mortality were then compared between the all HFrEF with ADHF, PIONEER-HF eligible, and actionable cohorts using linked Medicare claims data.

Results:
A total of 99 767 patients with HFrEF in Get With The Guidelines—HF were hospitalized for ADHF. PIONEER-HF inclusion criteria were met by 71 633 (71.8%) patients, and both inclusion and exclusion criteria were met by 20 704 (20.8%) patients. Further, 68 739 (68.9%) patients met the criteria for the actionable cohort. Among the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid—linked patients, the HF rehospitalization rate at 1 year was 35.1% (95% CI, 34.5–35.8) for all HFrEF with ADHF patients, 32.6% (95% CI, 31.3–33.9) for the PIONEER-HF eligible cohort, and 33.1% (95% CI, 32.3–33.9) for the actionable cohort. The 1-year all-cause mortality was 36.7% (95% CI, 36.1–7.4) for all HFrEF with ADHF patients, 31.6% (95% CI, 30.3–32.9) for the PIONEER-HF eligible cohort, and 32.2% (95% CI, 31.4–33.0) for the actionable cohort.

Conclusions:
Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes for patients eligible for PIONEER-HF only modestly differ when compared with those encountered in routine practice, suggesting that the in-hospital initiation of sacubitril/valsartan should be routinely considered for patients with HFrEF hospitalized for ADHF.