bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability of Yam Daabo Interventions' Effects on Contraception use in Burkina Faso 12 Months after the end of Interventions
Authors: Coulibaly Abou , Baguiya Adama , Garanet Franck , Tran Nguyen , Millogo Tiéba , Yaméogo Wambi Maurice Evariste , Meda Ivlabèhire Bertrand , Thiéba Blandine , Kouanda Séni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
IntroductionAfter testing the interventions for improving the prevalence of contraceptive use, very few studies have measured the sustainability of the effects achieved during implementation. This study aimed to measure the sustainability of Yam Daabo interventions' effects on contraceptive use in Burkina Faso twelve months after these interventions were completed.MethodsYam Daabo was a two-group, multi-intervention, single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial. Interventions comprised refresher training for the provider, a counseling tool, supportive supervision, availability of contraceptive services 7 days a week, client appointment cards, and invitation letters for partners. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models (log Poisson) to compare the modern contraceptive prevalence at 24 months in the intervention and control groups. We collected data between September and November 2018. We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis and adjusted the prevalence ratios on cluster effects and unbalanced baseline characteristics.ResultsTwelve months after the completion of the Yam Daabo trial, we interviewed 84.9% (485 out of 571 women) of the women included at Yam Daabo starting, that is, 247/286 in the intervention group (86.4%) and 238/285 in the control group (83.5%). No difference was observed in the use of hormonal contraceptive methods between the intervention and control groups (adjusted prevalence ratio=1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.91–1.61], p=0.191). By contrast, women in the intervention group were more likely to use long acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) than those in the control group (adjusted prevalence ratio =1.35; 95% CI = [1.08–1.69], p=0.008).ConclusionThis study showed that women in the intervention group preferred to use long-acting reversible contraceptives even though no significant difference was found in the comparison of modern contraceptive prevalences between the two arms.Trial registrationThe trial registration number at the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry is PACTR201609001784334 and the date of the first registration is 27/09/2016.
Simulation Training Program for Vacuum Application to Improve Technical Skills in Vacuum-Assisted Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Mannella Paolo , Giordano Mario , Guevara Maria Magdalena Montt , Giannini Andrea , Russo Eleonora , Pancetti Federica , Simoncini Tommaso 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectivecreation of an assessment scale to evaluate technical skills of the operators during the obstetrical device application for operative vaginal delivery, named kiwi-cupMethods35 residents in obstetrics and gynecology of the University of Pisa, Italy were recruited and evaluated with an assessment scale on technical skills from 0 to 55 points. They performed various operative vaginal delivery simulations with kiwi-cup and were evaluated at time 0 by a tutor. After 8 weeks, simulation training was repeated and trainees were re-evaluated by the same tutor.Resultsafter 8 weeks from the first simulation session, trainees have been shown to increase technical skills (46.27 ± 4.6 with p-value <0.0001), the successful application rate (85.71% with p-value 0.0161).) and to reduce the time to complete the procedure (86.2 ± 29.9 sec with p-value <0.0001)Conclusionsimulation training on operational vaginal delivery significantly increases technical skills, improves successful rate, and reduces the time taken to complete the procedure.Clinical trial registrationnot applicable
Linking Neuroinflammation and Extracellular Free Water in HIV Infection: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Uddin Md Nasir , Faiyaz Abrar , Wang Lu , Zhuang Yuchuan , Murray Kyle D , Descoteaux Maxime , Tivarus Madalina E. , Weber Miriam T. , Zhong Jianhui , Qiu Xing , Schifitto Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces inflammation in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals. Recent studies demonstrated that diffusion MRI based extracellular free water (FW) modeling can be sensitive to neuroinflammation. Here, we investigate the FW in HIV-infection, its temporal evolution, and its association with blood markers, and cognitive scores. Using 96 age-matched participants, we found that FW was significantly elevated in grey and white matter in cART-naïve HIV+ compared to healthy controls (HIV-) at baseline. Similarly, at baseline, HIV+ participants had increased neurofilament light chain (NfL) values that correlated with FW and CD4 counts. FW in grey and white matter, as well as NfL decreased in the HIV+ after 12 weeks of cART treatment. No significant FW differences were noted between the HIV+ and HIV- cohorts at 1 and 2-year follow-up. Results suggest that FW elevation in cART-naïve HIV+ participants is likely due to neuroinflammation. The correlation between FW and NfL and the improvement in both FW and NfL after 12 weeks of cART treatment further reinforces this conclusion. The longer follow-up at 1 and 2 years suggests that cART helped control neuroinflammation as inferred by FW. Therefore, FW could be used as a biomarker to monitor HIV-associated neuroinflammation.
Transient Cell Cycle Induction in Cardiomyocytes to Treat Ischemic Heart Failure
Authors: Abouleisa Riham , Ou Qinghui , Tang Xian-Liang , Solanki Mitesh , Guo Yiru , Nong Yibing , Mcnally Lindsey , Lorkiewicz Pawel , Kassem Kamal , Ahern Brooke , Choudhary Krishna , Thomas Reuben , Huang Yu , Juhardeen Hamzah , Siddique Aisha , Ifthikar Zainab , Salama Abou-Bakr , Hammad Sally , Elbaz Ayman , Ivey Kathryn , Satin Jonathan , Hill Bradford , Srivast Deepak , Bolli Roberto , Mohamed Tamer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) is limited. Our previous study showed that ectopic introduction of Cdk1/CyclinB1 and Cdk4/CyclinD1 complexes (4F) promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in 15-20% of infected cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo and improves cardiac function after MI. Here, we aim to identify the necessary reprogramming stages during the forced cardiomyocyte proliferation with 4F on a single cell basis. Also, we aim to start the first preclinical testing to introduce 4F gene therapy as a candidate for the treatment of ischemia-induced heart failure. Temporal bulk and single-cell RNAseq and further biochemical validations of mature hiPS-CMs treated with either LacZ or 4F adenoviruses revealed full cell cycle reprogramming in 15% of the cardiomyocyte population after 48 h post-infection with 4F, which was associated with sarcomere disassembly and metabolic reprogramming. Transient overexpression of 4F, specifically in cardiomyocytes, was achieved using a polycistronic non-integrating lentivirus (NIL) encoding the 4F; each is driven by a TNNT2 promoter (TNNT2-4F-NIL). TNNT2-4F-NIL or control virus was injected intramyocardially one week after MI in rats or pigs. TNNT2-4F-NIL treated animals showed significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction and scar size compared with the control virus treated animals four weeks post-injection. In conclusion, the present study provides a mechanistic demonstration of the process of forced cardiomyocyte proliferation and advances the clinical feasibility of this approach by minimizing the oncogenic potential of the cell cycle factors using a novel transient and cardiomyocyte-specific viral construct.
The Relation Between Using Inappropriate Medications and Quality of Life Among the Elderly Living in Kerman&nbsp;
Authors: Kardanmoghadam VIDA , Vali Leila , Khanjani Narges , Amiresmaili Mohammadreza , Rajabkhah Kourosh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Disability induced by severe diseases reduces life quality among elders, and leads to increased use of medications and increase in drug misuse. This study was done to determine the relation between the number of inappropriate medications used and life quality of elderly people living in Kerman during 2014.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 107 elderly people in Kerman, Iran. The participants were selected by simple random sampling. The elderly health assessment questionnaire and Beers Criteria were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) and running test, Fischer’s Exact test, and logistic regression. The model fitness was evaluated by the Hosmer and Lemeshow Test.Results: The risk of low life quality in elders using 3 to 4 inappropriate medications was 9.98 times more than elders using no unauthorized medication. The most frequent inappropriate medications were Aspirin and Alprazolam. A significant relation was observed between low life quality and number of inappropriate medications used by elders; that is, taking a higher number of inappropriate medications was associated with lower life quality.Conclusions: Many elderly people use inappropriate medications, which can have a serious adverse impact on their quality of life
Effect of Topical Application of Human Breast Milk, Chlorhexidine and Dry Cord Care on Neonatal Umbilical Cord Separation Time and Rate of Cord Infection : Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Mekonnen Melat , Estifanos Abiy , Gebremariam Mulugeta , Biru Yemisrach 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background- Annually 1 million newborns worldwide die of infection caused by bacteria that enter the body via the umbilical cord. Regarding this the Ethiopia national strategy of new born and child survival identified Chlorhexidine as one of the high impact interventions to minimize neonatal mortality. Whereas, studies have shown Human breast milk application to the neonatal umbilical cord has a shorter cord separation time and lower rate of infection than Chlorhexidine or dry cord care. Method- From May to November, 2018, a three arm, non- masked, community based, cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted at Butajira Demographic and Health Surveillance site located in the Gurage Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples´ Region of Ethiopia. Nine sub districts of the Butajira Demographic and Health Surveillance site were randomized into two intervention groups that are human breast milk and Chlorhexidine and a control group which is the dry cord care using a lottery method. From a sample size of 337, data were entered and analyzed for 302 term singleton newborns. Baseline characteristics across the groups were compared by ANOVA for continuous variables and Chi square for categorical variables. Mean cord separation time was compared among the groups using one way ANOVA whereas the secondary outcome i.e. rate of omphalitis was expressed in terms of frequency and was compared among the groups using Chi square. Level of significance was set at p <0.05 with 95% confidence interval. Result- The mean cord separation time was 5.6 days in the human breast milk group, 5.9days in the Chlorhexidine group, and 5.7days in the dry cord care group but this difference was not statistically significant among the study groups (p value=0.40). The highest signs of cord infection rate were observed in the dry care group and this was significant regarding the redness on the base of the cord stump (P<0.001). Conclusion- Topical application of human breast milk is related with shorter cord separation time compared to chlorhexidine or dry cord care. It also has reduced incidence of infection, as much as topical chlorhexidine application. Generally the readily available human breast milk should be given further emphasis.Trial registration- This trial is registered at the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry on 27th August 2020 with a clinical trial registration number of PACTR202008804462886 . It can be accessed using the URL address:https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=593.
Vibration of FG Shell Rested on Winkler Foundation
Authors: Selmi Abdellatif 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Love’s first a pproximation theory is employed with the combination of Winkler term for the vibration of functionally graded cylindrical shell. MATLAB software is utilized for the vibration of functionally graded cylindrical shell with elastic foundation of Winkler and t he results are verified with the open literature. For isotropic materials, the physical properties are same everywhere where the laminated and functionally graded materials, they vary from point to point. Here the shell material has been taken as functiona lly graded material. The influence of the elastic foundation, wave number, length - and height - to - radius ratios is investigated with different boundary conditions. The frequencies of length - to - radius and height - to - radius ratio are counter part of each other . The frequency first increases and gain maximum value in the midway of the shell length and then lowers down for the variations of wave number. It is found that due to inducting the elastic foundation of Winkler, the frequencies increases.
Electrostatic Asymmetry of Single-Crystal Nanostructures
and Their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Zhou Ming , Kim Ji-Young , Han Myung Geun , Zu Xiaotao , Sun Kai , Zhang Sa , Zhao Fengai , Xiao Haiyan , Xiang Xia , Zhu Yimei , Kotov Nicholas A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Efficient light absorption and high energy of charge carriers of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZCS) make this semiconductor attractive for many photocatalytic reactions. Despite marked successes in shape-controlled synthesis of ZCS central to their photocatalytic performance, recombination of charge carriers as they migrate through the nanoscale particles result in losses of excitation energy markedly reducing photocatalytic activity of ZCS and other heterogeneous photocatalysts. Here we show that electrostatic asymmetry of single-crystalline ZCS with planar geometry assists charge separation and substantially increase the yield of photocatalytic reactions. The synthesized ZCS nanorods and nanoplates with identical chemical composition were found to have markedly different photocatalytic activity for evolution of hydrogen in water. Despite much smaller specific surface areas, the ~ 500 nm wide nanoplates displayed hydrogen evolution rate 12 times higher than the ~ 35 nm long nanorods also outperforming other ZCS photocatalysts. Experimental and computational data indicate that the homo and heterojunction-free ZCS nanoplates with continuous wurtzite lattice behave essentially as nanoscale dipoles. Electric-field-directed migration of charge carriers stimulates their localization on opposite parts of the nanoplates. Direct imaging of intraparticle electrical field using off-axis electron holography confirmed their electrostatic asymmetry. Polarization-enhanced charge separation provides a new pathway to efficient and stable photocatalysts for sustainable energy technologies.
The Large Extracellular Loop of CD63 Interacts with gp41 of HIV-1 and is Essential for Establishing the Virological Synapse
Authors: Ivanusic Daniel , Madela Kazimierz , Bannert Norbert , Denner Joachim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) persists lifelong in infected individuals and has evolved unique strategies in order to evade the immune system. One of these strategies is the direct cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1. The formation of a virological synapse (VS) between donor and target cell is important for this process. Tetraspanins are cellular proteins that are actively involved in the formation of a VS. However, the molecular mechanisms of recruiting host proteins for the cell-cell transfer of particles to the VS remains unclear. Our study has mapped the binding site for the transmembrane envelope protein gp41 of HIV-1 within the large extracellular loop (LEL) of CD63 and showed that this interaction occurs predominantly at the VS between T cells where viral particles are transferred. Mutations within the highly conserved CCG motif of the tetraspanin superfamily abrogated recruiting of expressed HIV-1 GFP fused Gag core protein and CD63 to the VS. This demonstrates the biological significance of CD63 for enhanced formation of a VS. Since cell-cell spread of HIV-1 is a major route of persistent infection, these results highlight the central role of CD63 as a member of the tetraspanin superfamily during HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
The Impact of Previous Cesarean Section on The Outcome in Patients With Non-Adherent Placenta Previa
Authors: Sindiani Amer , Obeidat Nail , Abu-Azzam Omar , Hijazi Heba 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: to evaluate the impact of lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) on the maternal and fetal outcomes of women with non-adherent placenta previa (PP). Methods: This is a retrospective study of all women who delivered at our hospital by LSCS with non-adherent PP over a period of 10 years. Data were obtained through hospital registry and medical records search. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 20). The differences in demographic and obstetric characteristics, peripartum complications, and fetal outcomes between women with no previous CS and those with previous CS were analyzed using t test or chi-square test wherever appropriate. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 90 women with non-adherent placenta were included, 54 women with no previous CS and 36 women with previous CS. Women with previous CS were significantly more likely to experience organ injury (p-value <0.005), transfusion of ≥ 4 units of PRBC (p-value = 0.034), transfusion of FFP (p-value = 0.034), and hysterectomy or other procedure ( B Lynch, Uterine artery ligation) use (p-value <0.005)Conclusion: There is a significant increase in the incidence of maternal morbidities such as hysterectomy, blood transfusion and organ injury in patients with non-adherent PP with previous CS, with no difference in perinatal outcome in the same group of patients.
Tigecycline Successfully Treats One Case of Relapsed Leukemia- Drug-resistant Double Sepsis
Authors: Jie Huang , Han Li Xiao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNowadays, tigecycline is often used in combination with other antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first documented use tigecycline alone for drug-resistant double sepsis in a patient suffering from leukemia.. The aim of this study is to reduce unnecessary drug combinations associated with tigecycline and use antibiotics reasonably. Case presentationA 29-year-old young man was admitted to the hospital because of "limb right leg, pain for 4 years, fever, blood in the stool, and sudden disturbance of consciousness for 1 week". The patient was a relapsed patient with advanced acute leukemia, with severe perianal infection and neutrophil deficiency. At the same time, blood culture suggested Acinetobacter luffi (Imipenem resistance) and Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin resistance). Tigecycline is used alone, and conventional doses are used to achieve the effect of curing double sepsis experience..ConclusionsGenerally speaking, tigecycline is a bacteriostatic agent, doctors are used to a combination of Tigecycline and other antibiotics in fighting infections.In this case, tigecycline is used alone, and conventional doses are used to achieve the effect of curing double sepsis experience. This medical record adds to the doctor,s experience with the use of tigecycline.
Positive Pattern Recognition System Using Alanine Aminotransferase, TypeIV Collagen 7S and E Value (Liver Stiffness) for the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Based on Natural History
Authors: Tsujisaki Masayuki , Sasaki Shigeru , Akutsu Noriyuki , Takamura Takenori , Igarashi Tetsuyuki , Yoshimoto Mitsuru , Itoh Hideto , Kurihara Yoshio , Nakase Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: A simple diagnostic system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) instead of a biopsy is expected.　We investigated the possibility of a positive pattern recognition system for evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and the stages of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: 68 Japanese patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were enrolled. Serological biomarkers and markers obtained by medical imaging were investigated to explore candidates for diagnostic system. After selected markers were statistically evaluated, every patient was distributed in pattern combinations.Results: We selected three markers based on natural history and decided the critical values: alanine aminotransferase/ALT (persistent ≧ 45 IU/L) as hepatitis marker, type Ⅳ collagen 7S (≧ 5.1 ng/ml) as fibrosis one and E value (≧5.5 kPa) as stiffness one. After we statistically evaluated their accuracies, every patient was classified into their combination patterns. Major patterns were limited to four. Comparing relationships between histological classifications and positive patterns , the patients with NAFL were mainly distributed in pattern (ALT, type Ⅳ collagen , E value : -, -, -), those with NASH stage 0-1 in (+, -, +), those with NASH stage 2-3 in (+, +, +), and those with NASH stage 4 in (-, +, +).Conclusion: The positive patters changed with NAFL and NASH conditions. Our results showed a correlation between the positive patterns using three markers and histological results. Positive pattern recognition system based on natural history is useful in a differential diagnosis of NAFLD and for evaluation of the severity of fibrosis in patients with NASH.
To conform or not to conform? Legal norms and human behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Delmastro Marco 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Efficacy is one of the essential elements of laws and norms. In this paper I focus on the so-called “primary efficacy of legal norms, by measuring the level of compliance of citizens with norms introduced to counter the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this analysis is carried out on Italy which was the first western democracy to face the pandemic and its effects. However, the norms considered take on a more general significance, since they mostly derive from the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations and were introduced widespread. To gather relevant data on citizens compliance with the norms, geographical factors, psychological characteristics and (mis)information consumption choices, we adopt a multidisciplinary perspective combining a traditional consumer survey with an experiment design focused on individual mood and perceptions. The results of the analysis allow to evaluate the expected short- and long-term effects of the norms, both with reference to those posed to combat the pandemic, and to social norms more generally.