bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Good Life for Laboratory Rodents?
Authors: Makowska I Joanna , Weary Daniel M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost would agree that animals in research should be spared “unnecessary” harm, pain, or distress, and there is also growing interest in providing animals with some form of environmental enrichment. But is this the standard of care that we should aspire to? We argue that we need to work towards a higher standard—specifically, that providing research animals with a “good life” should be a prerequisite for their use. The aims of this paper are to illustrate our vision of a “good life” for laboratory rats and mice and to provide a roadmap for achieving this vision. We recognize that several research procedures are clearly incompatible with a good life but describe here what we consider to be the minimum day-to-day living conditions to be met when using rodents in research. A good life requires that animals can express a rich behavioral repertoire, use their abilities, and fulfill their potential through active engagement with their environment. In the first section, we describe how animals could be housed for these requirements to be fulfilled, from simple modifications to standard housing through to better cage designs and free-ranging options. In the second section, we review the types of interactions with laboratory rodents that are compatible with a good life. In the third section, we address the potential for the animals to have a life outside of research, including the use of pets in clinical trials (the animal-as-patient model) and the adoption of research animals to new homes when they are no longer needed in research. We conclude with a few suggestions for achieving our vision.
Fractional phase-field crystal modelling: analysis, approximation and pattern formation
Authors: Ainsworth Mark , Mao Zhiping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We consider a fractional phase-field crystal (FPFC) model in which the classical Swift–Hohenberg equation (SHE) is replaced by a fractional order Swift–Hohenberg equation (FSHE) that reduces to the classical case when the fractional order $\beta =1$. It is found that choosing the value of $\beta $ appropriately leads to FSHE giving a markedly superior fit to experimental measurements of the structure factor than obtained using the SHE ($\beta =1$) for a number of crystalline materials. The improved fit to the data provided by the fractional partial differential equation prompts our investigation of a FPFC model based on the fractional free energy functional. It is shown that the FSHE is well-posed and exhibits the same type of pattern formation behaviour as the SHE, which is crucial for the success of the PFC model, independently of the fractional exponent $\beta $. This means that the FPFC model inherits the early successes of the FPC model such as physically realistic predictions of the phase diagram etc. and, therefore, provides a viable alternative to the classical PFC model. While the salient features of PFC and FPFC are identical, we expect more subtle features to differ. The prediction of grain boundary energy arising from a mismatch in orientation across a material interface is another notable success of the PFC model. The grain boundary energy can be evaluated numerically from the PFC model and compared with experimental measurements. The grain boundary energy is a derived quantity and is more sensitive to the nuances of the model. We compare the predictions obtained using the PFC and FPFC models with experimental observations of the grain boundary energy for several materials. It is observed that the FPFC model gives superior agreement with the experimental observation than those obtained using the classical PFC model, especially when the mismatch in orientation becomes larger.
Prescribing Morse Scalar Curvatures: Blow-Up Analysis
Authors: Malchiodi Andrea , Mayer Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe study finite-energy blow-ups for prescribed Morse scalar curvatures in both the subcritical and the critical regime. After general considerations on Palais–Smale sequences, we determine precise blow-up rates for subcritical solutions: in particular the possibility of tower bubbles is excluded in all dimensions. In subsequent papers, we aim to establish the sharpness of this result, proving a converse existence statement, together with a one-to-one correspondence of blowing-up subcritical solutions and critical points at infinity. This analysis will be then applied to deduce new existence results for the geometric problem.
Pharmacodynamic Correlates of Linezolid Activity and Toxicity in Murine Models of Tuberculosis
Authors: Bigelow Kristina M , Deitchman Amelia N , Li Si-Yang , Barnes-Boyle Kala , Tyagi Sandeep , Soni Heena , Dooley Kelly E , Savic Rada M , Nuermberger Eric L 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLinezolid (LZD) is bactericidal against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but it has treatment-limiting toxicities. A better understanding of exposure-response relationships governing LZD efficacy and toxicity will inform dosing strategies. Because in vitro monotherapy studies yielded conflicting results, we explored LZD pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationships in vivo against actively and nonactively multiplying bacteria, including in combination with pretomanid.MethodsLinezolid multidose pharmacokinetics were modeled in mice. Dose-fractionation studies were performed in acute (net bacterial growth) and chronic (no net growth) infection models. In acute models, LZD was administered alone or with bacteriostatic or bactericidal pretomanid doses. Correlations between PK/PD parameters and lung colony-forming units (CFUs) and complete blood counts were assessed.ResultsOverall, time above minimum inhibitory concentration (T&gt;MIC) correlated best with CFU decline. However, in growth-constrained models (ie, chronic infection, coadministration with pretomanid 50 mg/kg per day), area under the concentration-time curve over MIC (AUC/MIC) had similar explanatory power. Red blood cell counts correlated strongly with LZD minimum concentration (Cmin).ConclusionsAlthough T&gt;MIC was the most consistent correlate of efficacy, AUC/MIC was equally predictive when bacterial multiplication was constrained by host immunity or pretomanid. In effective combination regimens, administering the same total LZD dose less frequently may be equally effective and cause less Cmin-dependent toxicity.
Candida Species-Dependent Release of IL-12 by Dendritic Cells Induces Different Levels of NK Cell Stimulation
Authors: Marolda Alessandra , Hünniger Kerstin , Böttcher Sarah , Vivas Wolfgang , Löffler Jürgen , Figge Marc Thilo , Kurzai Oliver 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCandida albicans and Candida glabrata are the 2 most prevalent Candida species causing bloodstream infections. Patterns of innate immune activation triggered by the 2 fungi differ considerably.MethodsTo analyze human natural killer (NK) cell activation by both species, we performed ex vivo whole-blood infection assays and confrontation assays with primary human NK cells.ResultsC. albicans was a stronger activator for isolated human NK cells than C. glabrata. In contrast, activation of blood NK cells, characterized by an upregulated surface exposure of early activation antigen CD69 and death receptor ligand TRAIL, as well as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion, was more pronounced during C. glabrata infection. NK cell activation in blood is mediated by humoral mediators released by other immune cells and does not depend on direct activation by fungal cells. Cross-talk between Candida-confronted monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) and NK cells resulted in the same NK activation phenotype as NK cells in human blood. Blocking experiments and cytokine substitution identified interleukin-12 as a critical mediator in regulation of primary NK cells by moDC.ConclusionsActivation of human NK cells in response to Candida in human blood mainly occurs indirectly by mediators released from monocytic cells.
Dynamics of PfEMP1 Antibody Profile From Birth to 12 Months of Age in Beninese Infants
Authors: Moussiliou A , Turner L , Cottrell G , Doritchamou J , Gbédandé K , Fievet N , Luty A J F , Massougbodji A , Theander T G , Deloron P , Lavstsen T , Tuikue Ndam N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes bind to specific endothelial cell receptors via members of the PfEMP1 family exported onto the erythrocyte surface. These interactions are mediated by different types of cysteine-rich interdomain region (CIDR) domains found in the N-terminal region of all PfEMP1. CIDRα1 domains bind endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), CIDRα2–6 domains bind CD36, whereas the receptor specificity of CIDRβ/γ/δ domains is unknown.

Methods
In this study, we investigated the level of immunoglobulin (Ig)G targeting the different types of PfEMP1 CIDR during the first year of life. We used plasma collected longitudinally from children of pregnant women who had been followed closely through pregnancy.

Results
Antibodies to CIDRα1 domains were more frequent in cord blood compared with antibodies to CIDRα2–6 domains. Higher IgG levels to EPCR-binding CIDRα1 variants positively correlated with the timing of first infections. Antibodies to all PfEMP1 types declined at similar rates to the point of disappearance over the first 6 months of life. At 12 months, children had acquired antibody to all types of CIDR domains, mostly in children with documented P falciparum infections.

Conclusions
These observations agree with the notion that the timing and phenotype of first P falciparum infections in life are influenced by the immune status of the mother.
Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression and morphology of lung epithelial cells by interleukin-1β
Authors: Nakayama Izumi , Higa-Nakamine Sayomi , Uehara Ayako , Sugahara Kazuhiro , Kakinohana Manabu , Yamamoto Hideyuki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Accumulating evidences suggested that the overactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was involved in the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis. Elucidation of the mechanisms that regulate EGFR residence on the plasma membrane during inflammatory lung conditions is important for identifying potential therapies. We have demonstrated that flagellin phosphorylated EGFR at Ser1047 and induced transient EGFR internalization. In this study, we examined the molecular pathway and effect of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) on EGFR in alveolar epithelial cells. Treatment of A549 cells with IL-1β induced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) and MAP kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAPK-2), as well as EGFR phosphorylation at serine 1047. Both MAPKAPK-2 activation and EGFR phosphorylation were inhibited by SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor. In addition, MK2a inhibitor (a MAPKAPK-2 inhibitor) suppressed EGFR phosphorylation. Assessment of the biotinylation of cell surface proteins indicated that IL-1β induced EGFR internalization. Furthermore, long-term treatment of A549 cells with IL-1β caused morphological changes and loss of cell–cell contact. Moreover, IL-1β augmented the effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. These results suggested that IL-1β regulates EGFR functions and induces morphological changes of alveolar epithelial cells.
Clinical significance of primary debulking surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy-interval debulking surgery in advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Nishio Shin , Ushijima Kimio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Primary debulking surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy remains the standard treatment of patients with stage III–IV epithelial ovarian cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an alternative treatment regimen that can be considered in selected patients. Complete cytoreduction, both through primary debulking surgery and interval debulking surgery, has a major positive effect on survival and should be the goal, even if this requires extensive surgery. When thorough assessment of tumor spread and performance status of the patient indicates that complete primary cytoreduction is not feasible without unacceptable morbidity, then alternative therapeutic strategies, such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, must be considered. Such patients can be offered the option of interval debulking surgery after checking their response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resolution of the initial obstacles for primary debulking surgery (i.e. complete response of irresectable disease and improvement of the performance status). Current evidence suggests that a selected group of patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III–IV ovarian cancer will benefit from NAC-IDS. Research is ongoing to identify patients who might derive the greatest benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery, instead of primary debulking surgery, on the basis of radiological, genetic, pathological, and immunological variables. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the clinical significance of primary debulking surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer and discuss unanswered questions in the field.
A 15-year mystery resolved: a large bone-boring glomus tumor mistaken as dermatitis
Authors: Bouayyad Sarah , Abdelaty Mohamed , Mishra Anuj 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Glomus tumor (GT) is a rare, benign neoplasm of the glomus apparatus. Being most common in the subungual region, it often misdiagnosed with dermatological conditions. Severe tenderness, paroxysmal pain and cold intolerance symptomatically denote GT. Clinical tests such as Love’s pin test and Hildreth’s test assist in diagnosing the disease. X-ray, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging can confirm the severity of the lesion. Complete surgical excision is the only treatment available for these subcutaneous nodules. A middle-aged male with a hand pain, who misdiagnosed for dermatitis over 15-year period, has identified as having a large bone-boring GT. Awareness of GT among healthcare professionals is a must to increase the quality of life of patients.
Adhesive small bowel obstruction in pregnancy and the use of oral contrast media: a case report
Authors: Robertson Rachel , Wu Linus 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bowel obstruction in pregnancy is a high risk situation for both the mother and baby. We present a case of a 30-week-pregnant woman who presented with abdominal pain and vomiting and was diagnosed with adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO). Oral contrast media was successfully used as a treatment. The patient was discharged home and 10 weeks later delivered a healthy baby girl. We were unable to find any cases in the literature describing oral contrast media to treat adhesive SBO in pregnancy. From our experience and research, we consider oral contrast media as a method of treating adhesive SBO in pregnancy under the proviso that there are no signs that indicate urgent surgical intervention.
Victory, Defeat, Gender, and Disability: Blind War Veterans in Interwar Czechoslovakia
Authors: Luptak Adam , Newman John Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article examines the intersection between disability, gender, victory, and defeat in interwar Czechoslovakia. We look at a small but prominent group of disabled veterans: men who lost their sight fighting in the Austro-Hungarian army in the First World War. These veterans, unlike men who had fought in the pro-Entente Legionary divisions, were not celebrated in official and patriotic discourse in the First Republic. They had to find alternative outlets to express their place in society as disabled men. Through analysis of the most important associations for blind veterans, interwoven with a series of case studies, we consider how disability weakened, but did not completely remove, the social and cultural barriers that existed in interwar Czechoslovakia between “victorious” and “defeated” war veterans. We also analyze a series of literary and professional responses to blindness that show how blind veterans’ masculinity was renegotiated in the wake of their disability. Blind war veterans were considered throughout Czechoslovak society as the embodiment and the epitome of the disabled subject; their experiences thus speak more generally to the manner in which disability was experienced as a socially enforced category in Czechoslovakia.
Reconsidering the Relationship Between (Pseudo-)Didymus’s De Trinitate and Cyril of Alexandria’s Contra Julianum
Authors: Crawford Matthew R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cyril of Alexandria’s apologetic treatise Contra Julianum drew upon a wide range of earlier Christian literature, including works by Clement of Alexandria, Eusebius of Caesarea, Pseudo-Justin Martyr, and others. The literary relationship between Contra Julianum and the De Trinitate attributed to Didymus the Blind is, however, contested. In this article I re-examine the parallel passages between these two works and argue that Cyril drew directly upon the De Trinitate as he composed Contra Julianum, using that prior work in three different ways. In the light of this finding, I argue that this literary dependency sheds some light on the intellectual and perhaps also social milieu out of which Contra Julianum arose, namely the long tradition of Christian authors who appropriated non-Christian sources for apologetic purposes, including such figures as Origen and Didymus.
From element to development: the power of the essential micronutrient boron to shape morphological processes in plants
Authors: Matthes Michaela S , Robil Janlo M , McSteen Paula 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeficiency of the essential nutrient boron (B) in the soil is one of the most widespread micronutrient deficiencies worldwide, leading to developmental defects in root and shoot tissues of plants, and severe yield reductions in many crops. Despite this agricultural importance, the underlying mechanisms of how B shapes plant developmental and morphological processes are still not unequivocally understood in detail. This review evaluates experimental approaches that address our current understanding of how B influences plant morphological processes by focusing on developmental defects observed under B deficiency. We assess what is known about mechanisms that control B homeostasis and specifically highlight: (i) limitations in the methodology that is used to induce B deficiency; (ii) differences between mutant phenotypes and normal plants grown under B deficiency; and (iii) recent research on analyzing interactions between B and phytohormones. Our analysis highlights the need for standardized methodology to evaluate the roles of B in the cell wall versus other parts of the cell.
ZmIBH1-1 regulates plant architecture in maize
Authors: Cao Yingying , Zeng Haixia , Ku Lixia , Ren Zhenzhen , Han Yun , Su Huihui , Dou Dandan , Liu Huafeng , Dong Yahui , Zhu Fangfang , Li Tianyi , Zhao Qiannan , Chen Yanhui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLeaf angle (LA) is a critical agronomic trait in maize, with more upright leaves allowing higher planting density, leading to more efficient light capture and higher yields. A few genes responsible for variation in LA have been identified by map-based cloning. In this study, we cloned maize ZmIBH1-1, which encodes a bHLH transcription factor with both a basic binding region and a helix-loop-helix domain, and the results of qRT-PCR showed that it is a negative regulator of LA. Histological analysis indicated that changes in LA were mainly caused by differential cell wall lignification and cell elongation in the ligular region. To determine the regulatory framework of ZmIBH1-1, we conducted RNA-seq and DNA affinity purification (DAP)-seq analyses. The combined results revealed 59 ZmIBH1-1-modulated target genes with annotations, and they were mainly related to the cell wall, cell development, and hormones. Based on the data, we propose a regulatory model for the control of plant architecture by ZmIBH1-1 in maize.
NbCycB2 represses Nbwo activity via a negative feedback loop in tobacco trichome development
Authors: Wu Min-Liang , Cui Yu-Chao , Ge Li , Cui Li-Peng , Xu Zhi-Chao , Zhang Hong-Ying , Wang Zhao-Jun , Zhou Dan , Wu Shuang , Chen Liang , Cui Hong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe transcription factor Woolly (Wo) and its downstream gene CycB2 have been shown to regulate trichome development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). It has been demonstrated that only the gain-of-function allele of Slwo (SlWoV, the Slwo woolly motif mutant allele) can increase the trichome density; however, it remains unclear why the two alleles function differently in trichome development. In this study, we used Nicotiana benthamiana as a model and cloned the homologues of Slwo and SlCycB2 (named Nbwo and NbCycB2). We also constructed a Nbwo gain-of-function allele with the same mutation site as SlWoV (named NbWoV). We found that both Nbwo and NbWoV directly regulate NbCycB2 and their own expression by binding to the promoter of NbCycB2 and their own genomic sequences. As form of a feedback regulation, NbCycB2 negatively regulates trichome formation by repressing Nbwo activity at the protein level. We also found that mutations in the Nbwo woolly motif can prevent repression of NbWoV by NbCycB2, which results in a significant increase in the amount of active Nbwo proteins and in increases in trichome density and the number of branches. Our results reveal a novel reciprocal regulation mechanism between NbCycB2 and Nbwo during trichome formation in N. benthamiana.
Pulsars detection by machine learning with very few features
Authors: Lin Haitao , Li Xiangru , Luo Ziying 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIt is an active topic to investigate the schemes based on machine learning (ML) methods for detecting pulsars as the data volume growing exponentially in modern surveys. To improve the detection performance, input features into an ML model should be investigated specifically. In the existing pulsar detection researches based on ML methods, there are mainly two kinds of feature designs: the empirical features and statistical features. Due to the combinational effects from multiple features, however, there exist some redundancies and even irrelevant components in the available features, which can reduce the accuracy of a pulsar detection model. Therefore, it is essential to select a subset of relevant features from a set of available candidate features and known as feature selection. In this work, two feature selection algorithms –Grid Search (GS) and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) – are proposed to improve the detection performance by removing the redundant and irrelevant features. The algorithms were evaluated on the Southern High Time Resolution University survey (HTRU-S) with five pulsar detection models. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed feature selection algorithms. By the GS, a model with only two features reach a recall rate as high as 99 per cent and a false positive rate (FPR) as low as 0.65 per cent; by the RFE, another model with only three features achieves a recall rate of 99 per cent and an FPR of 0.16 per cent in pulsar candidates classification. Furthermore, this work investigated the number of features required as well as the misclassified pulsars by our models.