bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term exposure to “low-dose” bisphenol A decreases mitochondrial DNA copy number, and accelerates telomere shortening in human CD8 + T cells
Authors: Tran Hoai Thi Thu , Herz Corinna , Lamy Evelyn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked with immune disorders and increased tumour risk. Our previous work in activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells demonstrated that exposure to “low-dose” BPA diminished telomerase activity via an ER/GPR30-ERK signalling pathway. Leukocyte telomerase activity and telomere maintenance are crucial for normal immune function and homeostasis. We thus here further studied the effects of BPA on human T cell subpopulations. Exposure to 0.3–3 nM BPA, i. e. at doses in the realm of human exposure, notably reduced telomerase activity in activated CD8 + T but not CD4 + T cells in a non-monotonic response pattern as determined by the TRAP-ELISA assay. Under long-term BPA exposure, significant telomere length shortening, reduction in mitochondrial DNA copy number, cell proliferation and IFN-γ as well as hTERT protein suppression could be observed in CD8 + lymphocytes, as analysed by qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. This study extends our previous in vitro findings that “low-dose” BPA has potential negative effects on healthy human cytotoxic T cell response. These results might merit some special attention to further investigate chronic BPA exposure in the context of adaptive immune response dysfunction and early onset of cancer in man.
Gaze direction influences grasping actions towards unseen, haptically explored, objects
Authors: Pirruccio Martina , Monaco Simona , Della Libera Chiara , Cattaneo Luigi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHaptic exploration produces mental object representations that can be memorized for subsequent object-directed behaviour. Storage of haptically-acquired object images (HOIs), engages, besides canonical somatosensory areas, the early visual cortex (EVC). Clear evidence for a causal contribution of EVC to HOI representation is still lacking. The use of visual information by the grasping system undergoes necessarily a frame of reference shift by integrating eye-position. We hypothesize that if the motor system uses HOIs stored in a retinotopic coding in the visual cortex, then its use is likely to depend at least in part on eye position. We measured the kinematics of 4 fingers in the right hand of 15 healthy participants during the task of grasping different unseen objects behind an opaque panel, that had been previously explored haptically. The participants never saw the object and operated exclusively based on haptic information. The position of the object was fixed, in front of the participant, but the subject’s gaze varied from trial to trial between 3 possible positions, towards the unseen object or away from it, on either side. Results showed that the middle and little fingers’ kinematics during reaching for the unseen object changed significantly according to gaze position. In a control experiment we showed that intransitive hand movements were not modulated by gaze direction. Manipulating eye-position produces small but significant configuration errors, (behavioural errors due to shifts in frame of reference) possibly related to an eye-centered frame of reference, despite the absence of visual information, indicating sharing of resources between the haptic and the visual/oculomotor system to delayed haptic grasping.
Global identification and characterization of miRNA family members responsive to potassium deprivation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Zhao Yong , Xu Ke , Liu Gaoran , Li Shanshan , Zhao Sihang , Liu Xiaowei , Yang Xueju , Xiao Kai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPotassium (K) is essential for plant growth and stress responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in adaptation to nutrient deprivation through modulating gene expression. Here, we identified the miRNAs responsive to K deficiency in Triticum aestivum based on high-throughput small RNA sequencing analyses. Eighty-nine miRNAs, including 68 previously reported ones and 21 novel ones, displayed differential expression under K deficiency. In Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia and Genome analyses, the putative target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs were categorized into functional groups associated with ADP-binding activity, secondary metabolic pathways, and biosynthesis and metabolism. Functional characterization of tae-miR408, an miRNA significantly down-regulated under K deficiency, revealed its important role in mediating low-K tolerance. Compared with wild type, transgenic tobacco lines overexpressing tae-miR408 showed significantly improved K uptake, biomass, photosynthesis, and reactive oxygen species scavenging under K deficiency. These results show that distinct miRNAs function in the plant response to K deficiency through regulating target genes involved in energy metabolism and various secondary metabolic pathways. Our findings shed light on the plant response to K deficiency mediated by miRNAs in T. aestivum. Distinct miRNAs, such as tae-miR408, are valuable targets for generating crop varieties with improved K-use efficiency.
Parity-time phase transition in photonic crystals with $$C_{6v}$$ symmetry
Authors: Jiang Jeng-Rung , Chen Wei-Ting , Chern Ruey-Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate the parity-time (PT) phase transition in photonic crystals with $$C_{6v}$$

C

6
v

symmetry, with balanced gain and loss on dielectric rods in the triangular lattice. A two-level non-Hermitian model that incorporates the gain and loss in the tight-binding approximation was employed to describe the dispersion of the PT symmetric system. In the unbroken PT phase, the double Dirac cone feature associated with the $$C_{6v}$$

C

6
v

symmetry is preserved, with a frequency shift of second order due to the presence of gain and loss. The helical edge states with real eigenfrequencies can exist in the common band gap for two topologically distinct lattices. In the broken PT phase, the non-Hermitian perturbation deforms the dispersion by merging the frequency bands into complex conjugate pairs and forming the exceptional contours that feature the PT phase transition. In this situation, the band gap closes and the edge states are mixed with the bulk states.
Compensatory Responses to Formant Perturbations Proportionally Decrease as Perturbations Increase
Authors: Daliri Ayoub , Chao Sara-Ching , Fitzgerald Lacee C. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeWe continuously monitor our speech output to detect potential errors in our productions. When we encounter errors, we rapidly change our speech output to compensate for the errors. However, it remains unclear whether we adjust the magnitude of our compensatory responses based on the characteristics of errors.MethodParticipants (N= 30 adults) produced monosyllabic words containing /ɛ/ (/hɛp/, /hɛd/, /hɛk/) while receiving perturbed or unperturbed auditory feedback. In the perturbed trials, we applied two different types of formant perturbations: (a) the F1 shift, in which the first formant of /ɛ/ was increased, and (b) the F1–F2 shift, in which the first formant was increased and the second formant was decreased to make a participant's /ɛ/ sound like his or her /æ/. In each perturbation condition, we applied three participant-specific perturbation magnitudes (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ɛ–æ distance).ResultsCompensatory responses to perturbations with the magnitude of 1.5 ɛ–æ were proportionally smaller than responses to perturbation magnitudes of 0.5 ɛ–æ. Responses to the F1–F2 shift were larger than responses to the F1 shift regardless of the perturbation magnitude. Additionally, compensatory responses for /hɛd/ were smaller than responses for /hɛp/ and /hɛk/.ConclusionsOverall, these results suggest that the brain uses its error evaluation to determine the extent of compensatory responses. The brain may also consider categorical errors and phonemic environments (e.g., articulatory configurations of the following phoneme) to determine the magnitude of its compensatory responses to auditory errors.
The Relation Between Academic Word Use and Reading Comprehension for Students From Diverse Backgrounds
Authors: Wood Carla L. , Schatschneider Christopher , VelDink Allyssa 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe aims of the current project were twofold: (a) to describe the use of academic words in written language samples by fifth-grade students and (b) to examine the predictive relation between academic word use in academic writing and reading comprehension.MethodInvestigators utilized written expository responses of 1,128 students in fifth grade who differed in English proficiency and language ability. The sample included 214 students who were English learners (ELs) and 144 students with identified language learning disabilities (LLD). Group differences in the use of academic words from the Coxhead word list were examined.ResultsELs and students with LLD used academic words less frequently than their peers and demonstrated less variety in their academic word use. There was a significant relation between students' use of academic words and reading comprehension. Academic word use accounted for 16% of the variance in reading comprehension, which was not significantly different for ELs or students with LLD. The relation was moderated by economic advantage, with the strength of the relation being lower for students who were eligible for free/reduced lunch.ConclusionsFindings support the need for additional research on ways to improve academic vocabulary skills to minimize achievement gaps. The relation between academic word use and reading comprehension warrants further consideration.
Deducing the reliability of relative helicities from nonlinear force-free coronal models
Authors: Thalmann J. K. , Sun X. , Moraitis K. , Gupta M. 
Published: September 2020

Aims. We study the relative helicity of active region (AR) NOAA 12673 during a ten-hour time interval centered around a preceding X2.2 flare (SOL2017-09-06T08:57) and also including an eruptive X9.3 flare that occurred three hours later (SOL2017-09-06T11:53). In particular, we aim for a reliable estimate of the normalized self-helicity of the current-carrying magnetic field, the so-called helicity ratio, |HJ|/|H𝒱|, a promising candidate to quantity the eruptive potential of solar ARs.
Methods. Using Solar Dynamics Observatory Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager vector magnetic field data as an input, we employ nonlinear force-free (NLFF) coronal magnetic field models using an optimization approach. The corresponding relative helicity, and related quantities, are computed using a finite-volume method. From multiple time series of NLFF models based on different choices of free model parameters, we are able to assess the spread of |HJ|/|H𝒱|, and to estimate its uncertainty.
Results. In comparison to earlier works, which identified the non-solenoidal contribution to the total magnetic energy, Ediv/E, as selection criterion regarding the required solenoidal quality of magnetic field models for subsequent relative helicity analysis, we propose to use in addition the non-solenoidal contribution to the free magnetic energy, |Emix|/EJ, s. As a recipe for a reliable estimate of the relative magnetic helicity (and related quantities), we recommend to employ multiple NLFF models based on different combinations of free model parameters, to retain only those that exhibit smallest values of both Ediv/E and |Emix|/EJ, s at a certain time instant, to subsequently compute mean estimates, and to use the spread of the individually contributing values as an indication for the uncertainty.
WHO-Leitlinie: Prävention und Kontrolle von Tuberkulose-Infektionen
Authors: Christof Claudia , Nußbaumer-Streit Barbara , Gartlehner Gerald 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Trotz beachtlicher Fortschritte im Kampf gegen Tuberkulose,
stellt diese nach wie vor die am häufigsten zum Tode führende
bakterielle Infektionskrankheit weltweit dar. Jedes Jahr versterben weltweit
nach wie vor bis zu 10 Mio. Menschen an Tuberkulose. Die World Health
Assembly hat es sich zum Ziel gesetzt die Zahl der Tuberkulose-Toten bis zum
Jahr 2030 um 90% zu senken, die Zahl der Neuansteckungen um 80%.
Hierbei sollte besonderes auf Maßnahmen zur Prävention und
Infektionskontrolle in öffentlichen Gesundheitseinrichtungen und
überall dort, wo das Übertragungsrisiko für das
Tuberkulose-Bakterium „Mycobacterium tuberculosis“ hoch ist,
gesetzt werden.
Zielsetzung Ziel ist es aktualisierte und evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen
für Public Health Maßnahmen zu geben, um die Ausbreitung des
Tuberkulose-Bakteriums im klinischen Setting und im Tuberkulose-Management
vorzubeugen.
Methodik Die Leitlinie wurde von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO)
gemäß der im WHO Handbuch zur Leitlinienentwicklung empfohlene
Methode umgesetzt. Die vorliegende Publikation fasst die wichtigsten Punkte der
Leitlinie zusammen und wurde von Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern des WHO
Collaborating Centre an der Donau-Universität Krems (Österreich)
auf Deutsch übersetzt.
Ergebnisse Diese Leitlinie berücksichtigt die aktuelle
Studienlage und gibt Empfehlungen und Anmerkungen zur Umsetzung von
Tuberkuloseprävention- und kontrolle auf Ebene von
Gesundheitseinrichtungen sowie auf nationaler Ebene.
Sarcomas de partes moles nos membros, mais comuns e tão graves quanto os sarcomas ósseos
Authors: Voltan Karen , Baptista André Mathias , Etchebehere Maurício 
Published: September 2020

ResumoOs sarcomas musculoesqueléticos são doenças raras que exigem atenção. Frequentemente, apresentam alto grau de malignidade ao diagnóstico e se subestimados podem evoluir de forma agressiva local e sistemicamente. Apresentam-se como sarcoma de partes moles e sarcomas ósseos, sendo os de partes moles quatro a cinco vezes mais comuns. A maioria dos sarcomas de partes moles ocorre nos membros. Os subtipos mais comuns nas crianças e adolescentes são o rabdomiossarcoma e o sarcoma sinovial, nos adultos o sarcoma pleomórfico indiferenciado, lipossarcoma, leiomiossarcoma, mixofibrossarcoma e sarcoma sinovial; todos de alto grau de malignidade histológica. Muitos sarcomas de partes moles são confundidos com tumores benignos de partes moles, 100 vezes mais comuns, por isso são ressecados sem o planejamento necessário, acarretando em amputação de um membro que poderia ter sido preservado. Como em todos os cânceres, o fator prognóstico mais importante é a doença metastática. Na sua vigência, a taxa de sobrevida global cai em torno de 20 a 30%. As taxas de sobrevida no geral são parecidas entre os sarcomas ósseos e de partes moles, portanto o sarcoma de partes moles, além de mais prevalente, mostra-se tão agressivo quanto os sarcomas ósseos, por isso merece muita atenção dos ortopedistas que frequentemente são a primeira linha de atendimento dos portadores destes tumores.
Falhas ósseas nas revisões de artroplastia total do joelho
Authors: Mozella Alan de Paula , Cobra Hugo Alexandre de Araújo Barros 
Published: September 2020

ResumoO aumento do número de cirurgias de revisão de artroplastia total do joelho tem sido observado nos últimos anos, em todo o mundo, por diversas causas. Nos Estados Unidos, é estimado um aumento de 601% no número de artroplastias totais do joelho entre 2005 e 2030. Dentre os enormes desafios dessa cirurgia complexa, o adequado tratamento dos defeitos ósseos é essencial para a obtenção de resultados satisfatórios e duradouros. O adequado tratamento dos defeitos ósseos objetiva construir uma plataforma de suporte estável e duradoura para a implantação dos componentes protéticos definitivos e, se possível, com recomposição do estoque ósseo. Concomitantemente, possibilita o correto alinhamento dos componentes protéticos e do membro, assim como permite restabelecer a altura da interlinha articular e, dessa forma, restaurar a tensão de partes moles e distribuição de carga ao osso hospedeiro, gerando uma reconstrução articular com boa função, estável e indolor. Diversas são as opções para manejo dessas falhas ósseas, entre elas: cimento ósseo com ou sem reforço com parafusos, aumentos metálicos modulares, enxerto ósseo impactado, enxerto estrutural homólogo e, mais recentemente, cones metafisários de metal trabecular e sleeve metafisário. O objetivo do presente artigo foi reunir informações clássicas e inovações dos principais aspectos relativos ao tratamento das falhas ósseas durante as cirurgias de revisão de artroplastia total do joelho.
Análise mecânica após reforço femoral proximal com polimetilmetacrilato em orifícios duplos alternados
Authors: Freitas Anderson , Lessa Mariana de Medeiros , de Oliveira Saulo Pereira , Oliveira Pedro Félix Pereira de , Giordano Vincenzo , Shimano Antônio Carlos 
Published: September 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar, por meio de ensaio biomecânico, a carga máxima, a energia, e o deslocamento necessários para a ocorrência de fratura em modelos sintéticos de fêmures após a retirada de parafusos acanulados e a realização de técnica de reforço com polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) em diferentes posições combinadas.
Métodos Foram utilizados 25 ossos sintéticos divididos em 4 grupos: o grupo controle (GC), com 10 modelos sem perfuração, e os grupos teste (A, B e C), com 5 modelos cada. Os grupos de teste foram fixados com parafusos acanulados pela técnica de Asnis, e tiveram a síntese removida e o preenchimento de dois dos orifícios formados por técnica de reforço com PMMA. A análise biomecânica foi realizada simulando queda sobre o grande trocânter utilizando máquina servo-hidráulica.
Resultados Todos os corpos de prova do GC e dos grupos A, B e C apresentaram fratura baso-cervical do colo femoral, exceto um modelo do grupo B, que apresentou fratura longitudinal. Foi utilizada uma média de 5,4 mL de PMMA no reforço dos grupos com preenchimento. Segundo a análise de variância (analysis of variance, ANOVA) e o teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey, no nível de 5%, observou-se que o GC apresentou diferença significativa em relação aos grupos A e C nos seguintes parâmetros: carga máxima, energia até a fratura, e deslocamento.
Conclusão Observou-se que os grupos A e C, quando comparados ao GC, apresentaram diferenças significativas na observação do deslocamento, da carga máxima, e da energia até a fratura.
Síndrome do túnel do carpo aguda por trombose da artéria mediana: Relato de caso
Authors: Abdouni Yussef Ali , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Munia Marco Antônio Soares 
Published: September 2020

ResumoA síndrome do túnel do carpo é a neuropatia compressiva mais comum do membro superior, afetando ∼ 4% da população geral. O quadro clínico caracteriza-se por dor e, principalmente, parestesia no território do nervo mediano, de início insidioso e, nos casos mais graves, observa-se perda de força e atrofia da musculatura tenar. Trata-se de patologia extremamente comum na prática diária de cirurgia da mão, e na maior parte dos casos pode ser tratada com métodos conservadores. Apresentamos aqui um caso atípico de síndrome do túnel do carpo, de surgimento agudo, desencadeado pela trombose da artéria mediana persistente, quadro associado com embolização distal e hipoperfusão do membro.
Osteonecrose do cuneiforme intermédio: Relato de caso
Authors: Nunes Gustavo Araujo , de Souza Matheus Levy Almeida Taveira , Braga Bruno Maciel , Marcatti Mateus Martins , Bertolini Fabrício Melo , Oliveira Junior Otaviano de 
Published: September 2020

ResumoA osteonecrose é uma doença que raramente afeta os ossos do pé. Quando presente, ela é mais comum no tálus e no navicular. Casos de osteonecrose do cuneiforme intermédio são extremamente raros, e após uma revisão bibliográfica minuciosa encontramos apenas cinco relatos na literatura, sendo todos eles em pacientes pediátricos. A seguir, apresentamos o caso de um paciente adulto com osteonecrose do cuneiforme intermédio resistente ao tratamento conservador. Portanto, propusemos uma abordagem cirúrgica com bom resultado. Nível de Evidência V; Estudos Terapêuticos; Opinião de Especialista.
Retorno ao esporte após osteotomia tibial alta com método de cunha de abertura
Authors: Nicolini Alexandre Pedro , Christiano Eduardo Suñe , Abdalla Rene Jorge , Cohen Moises , de Carvalho Rogério Teixeira 
Published: September 2020

ResumoObjetivo Avaliar o retorno ao esporte em pacientes jovens e ativos praticantes de alguma modalidade esportiva submetidos a osteotomia tibial alta (OTA) com o método de cunha de abertura.Métodos Foram analisados prospectivamente 12 pacientes submetidos ao procedimento de OTA utilizando-se método de cunha de abertura. Todos os pacientes estavam afastados do esporte. Foram utilizados os escores Lysholm, questionário International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC, na sigla em inglês), escala analógica de dor e nível de retorno em comparação ao período pré-operatório. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 12 meses.Resultados Um paciente retornou ao esporte em nível muito abaixo do pré-operatório, oito pacientes retornaram em nível pouco abaixo, dois pacientes retornaram no mesmo nível e um paciente retornou em nível acima.Conclusão A OTA com uso do método de cunha de adição como forma de tratamento para osteoartrose medial isolada demonstra resultados clínicos e funcionais favoráveis e permite o retorno ao esporte.
Effectiveness of Brief Educational Training on Medical Students' Attitude toward Suicide Prevention
Authors: Nebhinani Naresh , Kuppili Pooja Patnaik , Mamta  , Paul Karandeep 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives Medical students are future physicians, and their attitude toward suicide attempters can impact outcome of patient management and quality of care. This study aimed to assess the effects of brief educational intervention on medical students' attitude toward suicide prevention.

Materials and Methods The prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center in northwestern India. The total enumeration method was employed to recruit 243 medical students. Attitude toward suicide prevention scale was applied before and after three hours’ training on management of suicide attempters and strategies for suicide prevention.

Statistical Analysis Mean, median, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages were calculated through descriptive statistics. Mean values were compared before and after the intervention through paired sample student's t-test. Chi-square test or Fischer exact test was used to compare categorical variables and p ≤ 0.05 was set for level of significance.

Results Ten out of 14 attitudinal statements were significantly more favorable after imparting brief training on suicide prevention and management of suicide attempters. They reported lesser resentment, more responsible efforts, with greater competence and positive expectation associated with working for suicidal patients. They agreed on the need for multidisciplinary efforts for effective suicide prevention. After the intervention, they considered the possibility of suicidal ideas emerging due to the need for help, not for the purpose of attention-seeking, and instead of considering suicidal communication as individual's choice, they agreed on substantial preventability of suicide with comprehensive management. Their misconceptions were resolved to a greater extent.

Conclusion Brief educational intervention was found effective in improving their attitude toward suicide prevention. The medical curriculum should incorporate regular educational programs, suicide prevention and comprehensive assessment, and management of suicide attempters.