bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic activation of fear engrams induces extinction‐like behavior in ethanol‐exposed mice
Authors: Cincotta Christine , Murawski Nathen J. , Grella Stephanie L. , McKissick Olivia , Doucette Emily , Ramirez Steve 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlcohol withdrawal directly impacts the brain's stress and memory systems, which may underlie individual susceptibility to persistent drug and alcohol‐seeking behaviors. Numerous studies demonstrate that forced alcohol abstinence, which may lead to withdrawal, can impair fear‐related memory processes in rodents such as extinction learning; however, the underlying neural circuits mediating these impairments remain elusive. Here, we tested an optogenetic strategy aimed at mitigating fear extinction retrieval impairments in male c57BL/6 mice following exposure to alcohol (i.e., ethanol) and forced abstinence. In the first experiment, extensive behavioral extinction training in a fear‐conditioned context was impaired in ethanol‐exposed mice compared to controls. In the second experiment, neuronal ensembles processing a contextual fear memory in the dorsal hippocampus were tagged and optogenetically reactivated repeatedly in a distinct context in ethanol‐exposed and control mice. Chronic activation of these cells resulted in a context‐specific, extinction‐like reduction in fear responses in both control and ethanol‐exposed mice. These findings suggest that while ethanol can impair the retrieval an extinction memory, optogenetic manipulation of a fear engram is sufficient to induce an extinction‐like reduction in fear responses.
Clinical use of a machine learning histopathological image signature in diagnosis and survival prediction of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Siteng , Zhang Ning , Jiang Liren , Gao Feng , Shao Jialiang , Wang Tao , Zhang Encheng , Yu Hong , Wang Xiang , Zheng Junhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to the complicated histopathological characteristics of renal neoplasms, traditional distinguishing of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) by naked eyes of experienced pathologist remains labor intensive and time consuming. Here, we extracted quantitative features of hematoxylin‐eosin‐stained images using CellProfiler and performed machine learning method to develop and verify a novel computational recognition of digital pathology for diagnosis and prognosis of ccRCC patients in the training, test and external validation cohort. The diagnostic model based on digital pathology could accurately distinguish ccRCC from normal renal tissues, with area under the curve (AUC) of 96.0%, 94.5% and 87.6% in the training, test and external validation cohorts, respectively. It could also accurately distinguish ccRCC from other pathological types of renal cancer, with AUC values of 97.0% and 81.4% in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and General cohort. We next developed and verified a computational recognition prognosis model with risk score. There was a significant difference in disease‐free survival comparing patients with high vs low risk score in training cohort (hazard ratio = 2.72, P < .0001) and validation cohort (hazard ratio = 9.50, P = .0091). The integrated nomogram based on our computational recognition risk score and clinicopathologic factors demonstrated excellent survival prediction for ccRCC patients, with increased accuracy by 6.6% in patients from Shanghai General Hospital and by 2.5% in patients from TCGA cohort when compared to current tumor stages/grade systems. These results indicate the potential clinical use of our machine learning histopathological image signature in diagnosis and survival prediction of ccRCC.
Asymmetric relationship between interest rates and exchange rates: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Karamelikli Huseyin , Karimi Mohammad Sharif 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the dynamic relationship between the interest rate and exchange rate using the data from the Turkish economy. Macroeconomic variables possess both asymmetric and non‐linear features; however, most of the empirical research relating to the dynamics of the exchange rate has been conducted only within a linear framework. Therefore, in this paper, a non‐linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model is used to explore asymmetrical relations in the long‐run. The pieces of evidence provided in this article show that an increase in the domestic interest rate has a more robust effect on the exchange rate compared to a decrease of the interest rate. The results further indicate that the impact of the domestic interest rate in the short‐run is different from their long‐run effects. The linear models which neglect asymmetric relation can yield misleading results by showing no relationship between the two variables in the long‐run. This paper shows that there is a robust and stable but asymmetric relationship between the interest rate and exchange rate in the long‐run.
Fabrication and evaluation of nanocontainers for lipophilic anticancer drug delivery in 3D in vitro model
Authors: Borodina Tatiana , Gileva Anastasia , Akasov Roman , Trushina Daria , Burov Sergey , Klyachko Natalia , González‐Alfaro Yorexis , Bukreeva Tatiana , Markvicheva Elena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPresently, most of anticancer drugs are high toxic for normal cells and, and as a result, they have severe side effects. Moreover, most of the formulations are lipophilic and have poor selectivity. To overcome these limitations, various drug delivery systems could be proposed. The aim of the current study was to fabricate novel polysaccharide nanocontainers (NC) by one‐step ultrasonication technique and to evaluate their accumulation efficacy and cytotoxicity in 2D (monolayer culture) and 3D (tumor spheroids) in vitro models. NC with mean sizes in a range of 340–420 nm with the core‐shell structure are synthetized and characterized. The NC shell is composed from diethylaminoethyl dextran/xanthan gum polyelectrolyte complex, while the hydrophobic core was loaded with the lipophilic anticancer drug thymoquinone. To enhance NC accumulation in human breast adenocarcinoma MCF‐7 cells, the NC surface was modified with poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) or polyethylene glycol. Cell uptake of the NC loaded with Nile Red into the tumor cells was investigated by laser scanning confocal microscopy, fluorescent flow cytometry and fluorimetry. Modification of the NC with PLL allowed to obtain the optimal drug delivery system with maximal cytotoxicity, which was tested by MTT‐test. The developed NC are promising for lipophilic anticancer drug delivery.
Sputtered ruthenium oxide coatings for neural stimulation and recording electrodes
Authors: Chakraborty Bitan , Joshi‐Imre Alexandra , Maeng Jimin , Cogan Stuart F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe have investigated the deposition and electrochemical properties of sputtered ruthenium oxide coatings for neural stimulation and recording electrodes. A combination of oxygen and water vapor was used as a reactive gas mixture during DC magnetron sputtering from a ruthenium metal target. The sputtering plasma was monitored by optical emission spectroscopy to determine the reactive species present and confirm the control of plasma chemistry by reactive gas flow rates into the deposition chamber. The effect of the O2:H2O gas ratio on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the ruthenium oxide were studied in detail. We employed a combination of surface characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, to understand the relationship between plasma chemistry and the microstructure of the films produced under different gas flow conditions. Electrochemical characterization included cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and voltage transient measurements, performed on planar ruthenium oxide electrodes with a geometric surface area of 1960 μm2. At an O2:H2O gas flow rate ratio of 1:3, a cathodal charge‐storage capacity per unit film thickness of 228.7 mC cm−2 μm−1 (median, Q1 = 134.5, Q3 = 236.6, n = 15) and a charge‐injection capacity (0.6 V anodal interpulse bias) of 7.4 mC cm−2 (median, Q1 = 6.9, Q3 = 8.3, n = 15) were obtained in phosphate buffered saline. The charge‐injection capacity of ruthenium oxide sputtered with water vapor in the reactive plasma is comparable with sputtered iridium oxide (SIROF) and higher than reported values for porous TiN, a commonly employed high‐surface area stimulation electrode coating.
Botryoid neutrophils in sepsis caused by influenzae virus A
Authors: Serrando Maite , Marull Anna , Jiménez Orlando 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 13‐year‐old patient was admitted to our hospital with severe respiratory distress, fever, and signs of meningeal infection. A positive result of swine flu was obtained by RT‐PCR. All bacterial cultures were negative. Due to a worsening progression, the patient required mechanical ventilation. Leucocytosis with neutrophilia was observed with an absence of immature granulocytes and thrombocytopenia. A blood film was therefore examined, observing 85% of botryoid neutrophils, hypersegmented, and radially distributed nuclear lobs, and a large number of apoptotic cells. There was an elevated nucleus‐cytoplasm ratio and neutrophils presented as slightly degranulated. The detection of botryoid nuclei in the neutrophils is a very infrequent finding and are usually found in cases of severe burns, hyperthermia, abuse of cocaine and methamphetamine, and encephalitis. Current studies also suggest that some morphometric measurements (cell population data [CPD]) can be altered in the case of sepsis and serious infection. In this particular case, [NE‐SSC] = 159.9, [NE‐FSC] = 94.6, and [NE‐SFL] = 65.5, which correspond to measures of cellular complexity, size, and fluorescence and were above normal threshold values (performed by Sysmex XN20). Current studies directly relate the increase of NE‐SSC > 149 in patients presenting with sepsis. The CPD and abnormal neutrophil morphology improved as the patient recovered. Results normalized by day 30 postdischarge.
Clinical Implication of Diagnostic and Histopathologic Discrepancies in Sinonasal Malignancies
Authors: Choi Karen Y. , Amit Moran , Tam Samantha , Bell Diana , Phan Jack , Garden Adam S. , Williams Michelle D. , Ferrarotto Renata , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Raza Shaan M. , DeMonte Franco , Kupferman Michael E. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Su Shirley Y. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence of histopathologic diagnostic discrepancy for patients referred to our institution, identify pathologies susceptible to diagnostic error, and assess the impact on survival of histopathologic diagnostic discrepancies.MethodsThree hundred ninety‐seven patients with sinonasal cancers were identified, and discordance between the outside pathologic report and MD Anderson Cancer Center pathologic report was assessed. Overall survival and disease‐specific survival were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and log rank methods.ResultsDiscordance of major histopathologic diagnoses was present in 24% (97 of 397) of reports, with sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, sarcoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and poorly differentiated carcinoma pathologies having the highest change in diagnosis (P < .01). A further 61% (244 of 397) had minor changes such as histologic grade, subtype, or stage, with sarcoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma pathologies being most susceptible to change (P < .02). Overall, the 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) was reduced in patients with a major change in histopathologic diagnosis (59.2% vs. 70.2% (P = .02) and 72.9% vs. 81.2% (P = .02), respectively). Furthermore, patients with a major change in diagnosis and prior treatment experienced a significant reduction in 5‐year OS (61.9% vs. 70.4%, P = .03 < .01) and DSS (72.4% vs. 81.5%, P = .04).ConclusionHistopathological diagnosis of sinonasal tumors is complex and challenging given the rarity of the disease. Obtaining the correct diagnosis is important for treatment selection and survival. In histologies prone to misdiagnoses, obtaining a second opinion from experienced head and neck pathologists at a high‐volume institution may potentially lead to a change in treatment recommendations that could result in improved survival in patients with sinonasal malignancies.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1468–E1475, 2021
The impact of concentrated flow and slope on unpaved loess‐road erosion on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Guo Wenzhao , Bai Yun , Cui Zhiqiang , Wang Wenlong , Li Jianming , Su Zhengan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLoess‐roads (LR) still experience severe soil erosion due to concentrated flow during rainstorms in watersheds on the Chinese Loess Plateau, where soil erosion in sloping farmland, abandoned land, and grassland has been controlled. However, road erosion is commonly overlooked because unpaved roads represent a small part of the catchment area. In situ scouring‐erosion experiments were performed on LR surfaces in the Liuaogou watershed on the Loess Plateau. The erosion rate of the LR was 14.1–234.6 g m−2 min−1, which is 10.8–57.5‐times higher than that on an adjacent grassy hillslope. In most experiments, the LR erosion rate generally increased linearly with increasing concentrated flow and slope gradient (R2 > .85; significance p < .05). Concentrated flow had a greater impact on road erosion than the road surface slope. Rill erosion occurred in our road plots, with rill area densities of 0.03–0.38 m2 m−2. The total amount of road erosion was significantly correlated linearly with the rill area density (R2 = .61, p < .01), indicating that high rill density led to high total erosion on the LR. A road erosion equation based on concentrated flow and slope gradient was established and validated. The R2, p, and NSE results were .91, <.01 and 0.93, respectively, implying that the fitted equation can be considered acceptable. Our findings can provide references for the prevention of road erosion and the establishment of road erosion models.
Functional Piezoresistive Polymer‐Composites Based on Polycarbonate and Polylactic Acid for Deformation Sensing Applications
Authors: Dios Jose R. , Gonzalo Beatriz , Tubio Carmen R. , Cardoso João , Gonçalves Sérgio , Miranda Daniel , Correia Vitor , Viana Júlio C. , Costa Pedro , Lanceros‐Méndez Senentxu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultifunctional composites for deformation sensing applications have been developed by solvent casting based on polycarbonate (PC) and polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT). Composites shows homogeneous filler dispersion and low percolation threshold at 0.1 and 0.06 wt% CNT content for PLA and PC, respectively. The maximum electrical conductivity obtained for the larger filler contents is two order of magnitude higher for PLA composites than for PC ones, showing that the matrix influences the electrical properties of the composites. With respect to the mechanical characteristics, the samples show a maximum strain near 40% and 2.75% for composites with 0.25 and 1 wt% CNT content for PC and PLA, respectively, decreasing for larger filler contents. Concerning the piezoresistive response, 4‐point‐bending experiments from 0.1 to 5 mm, lead to a Gauge Factor (GF) of ≈1 for PC, showing that the piezoresistive response if determined by the geometrical response. On the other hand, PLA composites show GF of ≈3, revealing also intrinsic contributions, due to the variation of the filler network upon material deformation. The resistance variation upon mechanical bending deformation shows linear response for the composites near the percolation threshold and above, for both composites. A proof‐of‐concept of the functional sensing response for applications is achieved by measuring the bending deformation of an endoscope, showing that the developed sensors can determine the bending orientation and intensity, as predicted by the simulation model applied to the endoscope.
An investigation on the precipitated phases and mechanical properties of cerium modified 2024 aluminum alloy
Authors: Xia Y. , Wang D. , Jia J. , Wu J. , Wang Z. , Li X. , Yuan W. , Huang J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effects of the addition of rare earth cerium on the cast microstructure and mechanical properties of 2024‐T6 aluminum alloy were investigated in this work. The specimens for room‐temperature tensile tests were prepared with a T6 heat treatment. Experimental results indicated that the cerium modified alloys showed refined grains, higher hardness, and strength values at room temperature. The hardness and the strength of the cerium modified alloys initially increased and then decreased as the cerium content increased. The maximum tensile strength was obtained at the 0.6 wt.% cerium modified 2024 aluminum alloy. This was improved from 464 MPa to 612 MPa. Simultaneous increases in the tensile strength and hardness were proposed to result from the refined α‐aluminum dendrites, the formation of aluminum‐rare earth intermetallic compounds at the grain boundaries and the grains, the more homogeneously distributed nano‐scale S precipitates, and the smaller T diffusion phase.
Rapid solidification of ternary Nb‐Y‐Ni immiscible alloys
Authors: Zheng W. , Yu J. , Xin L. , Su M. , Fu D. , Zhang F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rapid solidification experiments have been carried out for the Nb(45‐x)YxNi55 (x = 9, 19, and 27) alloys. The microstructure characterization shows the occurrence of the liquid‐liquid phase separation into the Niobium‐rich and Yttrium‐rich liquids. The Niobium‐rich spherical particles were embedded in the glassy Yttrium‐rich matrix for the alloy Nb36Y9Ni55, while glassy Yttrium‐rich ones were located in the glassy Niobium‐rich matrix for the alloy Nb18Y27Ni55. A structure of hierarchical separation was detected in the as‐quenched alloy Nb26Y19Ni55. The size distribution of the spherical particles in the as‐quenched Nb(45‐x)YxNi55 (x = 9 and 27) alloys ranges from several nanometers to sub micrometer and is close to the Gaussian distribution. The average diameters of the Niobium‐rich particles in the as‐quenched Nb36Y9Ni55 alloy and the Yttrium‐rich particles in the Nb18Y27Ni55 alloy are 0.23 μm and 0.15 μm, respectively. A dual‐glass structure in the as‐quenched Nb18Y27Ni55 alloy ribbon was determined by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.
The analysis for morphological evolution and crystallography of degenerate pearlite in 100Mn13 steel
Authors: Xu Z. , Ding Z. , Liang B. , Li H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring approximate 773 K aging treatment of 100Mn13 steel, degenerate pearlite will occur and evolve into lamellar pearlite during growth process. The microstructures of degenerate pearlite and its evolutionary lamellar pearlite are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that after 748 K, 773 K and 798 K aging, degenerate pearlites occur at grain boundary. At growth front of degenerate pearlite forming at 773 K and 798 K, pearlite presents a morphology of short lamellae of carbide and ferrite, indicating a trend of developing into lamellar pearlite. The higher the temperature is, the more obvious the trend is, and even a conventional lamellar pearlite has developed. However, there is no morphological evolution for degenerate pearlite forming at 748 K aging. Besides, the constituents of degenerate pearlite is identified as M23C6 and ferrite, and Kurdjumov‐Sachs orientation relationship exists between them, (01
)α//(
1
)M23C6, [111]α//[110]M23C6. This orientation relationship maintains in morphological evolution from degenerate pearlite to lamellar pearlite.
Optimization of crystal growth of hierarchical porosity ZSM‐5 zeolite based on coal fly ash “waste utilization”
Authors: Qian Y. , Zhang H. , Li L. , Duan Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, ZSM‐5 zeolite with hierarchical porosity structure was synthesized by hydrothermal method using Al(OH)3, SiO2 extracted from coal fly ash as aluminum source and silicon source. The optimal synthesis parameters of ZSM‐5 zeolite were determined via an orthogonal analysis table. The optimum synthesis conditions were: SiO2/Al2O3/Na2O/hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide/tetrapropyl ammonium bromide/H2O = 1/0.08/0.25/0.05/0.17/50, and the optimum crystallization temperature and crystallization time were 160 °C and 48 h, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the synthesized ZSM‐5 zeolite exhibited a spherical shape. Nitrogen adsorption‐desorption and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller measurement analysis displayed that the best sample ZSM‐5 molecular sieve showed a typical type IV isotherm, and the micropores and mesopores coexisted in the sample, indicating the successful preparation of ZSM‐5 zeolite with hierarchical porosity structure. The crystal growth of ZSM‐5 under different hydrothermal conditions follows the “S” adjustment.
Technical Note: Patient dose from kilovoltage radiographs during motion‐synchronized treatments on Radixact®
Authors: Ferris William S. , Culberson Wesley S. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeSynchrony is a motion management system available on the Radixact linear accelerator that utilizes kilovoltage (kV) radiographs to track target motion and synchronize the delivery of radiation with the motion. Proper management of this imaging dose requires accurate quantification. The purpose of this work was to use Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to quantify organ‐specific patient doses from these images for various patient anatomies.MethodsPoint doses in water were measured per TG‐61 for three beam qualities commonly used on the Radixact. The point doses were used to benchmark a model of the imaging system built using the Monte Carlo N‐Particle (MCNP) transport code. Patient computed tomography (CT) datasets were obtained for 5 patients and 100 planar images were simulated for each patient. Patient dose was calculated using energy deposition mesh tallies.ResultsThe MCNP model was able to accurately reproduce the measured point doses, with a median dose difference of less than 1%. The median dose (D50%) to soft tissue from 100 radiographs among the 5 patient cases ranged from 2.0 to 4.6 mGy. The max dose (D1%) to soft tissue ranged from 6.2 to 31.0 mGy and the max dose to bony structures ranged from 20.2 to 71.7 mGy. These doses can be scaled to estimate total patient dose throughout many fractions.ConclusionsPatient dose is largely dependent on imaging protocol, patient size, and treatment parameters such as fractionation and gantry period. Organ doses from 100 radiographs (an approximate number for one fraction) on the Radixact are slightly less than the doses from Tomo MVCT setup images. Careful selection of clinical protocols and planning parameters can be used to minimize risk from these images.