bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Behaviour after Primary Strabismus Surgery in Children: Is There an Influence of Intraoperative Topical Anaesthesia?
Authors: Karstädt Nadja , Crozier Thomas A. , Horn Maren , Naxer Sabine , Schittkowski Michael P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroduction The course of the recovery phase after general anaesthesia, during which consciousness and pain gradually return, is essentially determined by the choice of anaesthetic drug, and its total dose or duration of application. This phase is often complicated by more or less severe agitation, especially in children. In the present study we investigated whether the application of a topical anaesthetic to the conjunctiva at the end of a strabismus operation had a positive effect on the recovery behaviour of the child.Patients/Methods This prospective, randomised, blinded study was conducted with 50 healthy, ASA class I or II children, aged 3 to 8 years undergoing their first strabismus operation. Following the surgeonʼs randomisation two drops of a 0,5% tetracaine-HCl ophthalmic solution were applied to the operated conjunctiva three times at 30-s intervals immediately following wound closure. The postoperative evaluation encompassed heart rate, as well as COMFORT and CHEOPS scores. The first assessment was directly postoperatively with repetitions at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 min, as well as on the day after surgery.Results The CHEOPS scores did not differ significantly between children with or without topical anaesthesia at any time during the observation period. The COMFORT scores revealed a slight, but non-significant analgesic effect at 15 and 30 min. The 60 min score showed the opposite effect, possibly indicating a slight disadvantage of the topical anaesthesia. There were no significant differences with regard to time to first request for additional systemic analgesia, to the total dose of systemic pain medication, or to when the patient was eligible for discharge to the ward.Conclusion The application of topical tetracaine-HCl immediately after wound closure had no positive effects on the course of the postoperative recovery period after strabismus surgery in children. There was no evidence of an effect on pain or emergence agitation.
Digital and Technical Developments in the Amblyopia Therapy
Authors: Schramm Charlotte , Wenner Yaroslava 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe digital media becomes more and more common in our everyday lives. So it is not surprising that technical progress is also leaving its mark on amblyopia therapy. New media and technologies can be used both in the actual amblyopia therapy or therapy monitoring. In particular in this review shutter glasses, therapy monitoring and analysis using microsensors and newer video programs for amblyopia therapy are presented and critically discussed. Currently, these cannot yet replace classic amblyopia therapy. They represent interesting options that will occupy us even more in the future.
Aerobic Oxidation of Phosphite Esters to Phosphate Esters by Using an Ionic-Liquid-Supported Organotelluride Reusable Catalyst
Authors: Koguchi Shinichi , Mihoya Aya , Shibuya Yuga , Ito Akane , Toyoda Anna , Oba Makoto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of an ionic-liquid (IL)-supported organotelluride catalyst and its application as a recyclable catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of phosphite esters to phosphate esters. This method shows high conversion rates, allows the ready isolation and purification of the resulting products, and exhibits good reusability of the catalyst.
Impairment of Uterine Contractility Is Associated with Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Hunt Sarah , Abdallah Karim S. , Ng Ernest , Rombauts Luk , Vollenhoven Beverley , Mol Ben W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe uterine junctional zone represents the juncture between endometrium and myometrium. The junctional zone is hormonally dependent and displays continuous peristaltic activity throughout the menstrual cycle in the nonpregnant state which is concerned with sperm transport and embryo implantation. Peristalsis may be observed using various invasive and noninvasive modalities, of which ultrasound is the most readily applied in the clinical setting. Women with pelvic pathology display alterations in uterine peristalsis which may contribute to infertility. Characterization of peristalsis in infertility subgroups, the development of a subjective peristalsis tool, and the application of potential therapeutics to an assisted reproductive treatment setting are the subject of ongoing investigation. Meta-analysis indicates a potential role for oxytocin antagonist in the improvement of fertility treatments.
Are Plain X-Rays Necessary in the Diagnosis of De Quervain's Tenosynovitis?
Authors: Henry Tyler W. , Tulipan Jacob E. , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Matzon Jonas L. , Lutsky Kevin F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground The routine use of plain radiography represents a significant expenditure and has been proven unnecessary in several orthopedic conditions. The utility of plain radiographs in the diagnosis of De Quervain's tenosynovitis (DeQ) is not clear.Questions/Purpose This study evaluates whether plain radiographic findings routinely predict the need for surgery or alter treatment courses in the initial diagnosis of DeQ.Patients and Methods A total of 200 patients who received wrist X-rays and had a diagnosis of DeQ were retrospectively selected at random. Their images were evaluated for relevant findings, including radial styloid abnormalities, arthritis, and tendon calcification. A chart review was performed to determine whether these X-rays altered the treatment courses.Results Of the 200 patients, 141 (69.1%) cases had at least one positive radiographic finding. Carpometacarpal joint (CMC) arthritis was the most common finding, seen in 63 (30.9%) cases. Of all patients, 141 (69.1%) were treated with corticosteroid injection only, 54 (26.5%) with corticosteroid injection and ultimately surgery, and 9 (4.4%) with surgery alone. There were no significant differences in the rates of surgery with positive X-ray findings. There were no cases in which radiographic findings resulted in a change in management, per the report of the treating physician.Conclusions Despite the high proportion of positive findings on X-ray, no radiographic findings altered the course of treatment in patients with isolated DeQ. Obtaining plain radiographs for isolated DeQ represents a significant cost and should be reserved for cases in which the results are preemptively deemed likely to influence the treatment course.Level of Evidence This is a level IV study.
Caudal Cruciate Ligament Rupture in an Adult Dog 8.5 Years Post Juvenile Tibial Plateau Cranial Hemiepiphysiodesis
Authors: Petazzoni Massimo , Dallago Melania , Ferretti Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to report a case of caudal cruciate ligament rupture in a 9-year-old dog who underwent juvenile tibial plateau cranial hemiepiphysiodesis that was performed to treat a partial cranial cruciate ligament rupture and excessive tibial plateau angle. A 9-year-old, 45 kg, male Bernese Mountain dog was referred for a non-traumatic acute right pelvic-limb lameness. At the age of 5 months, the dog underwent bilateral tibial plateau cranial hemiepiphysiodesis to treat a bilateral partial cranial cruciate ligament rupture and excessive tibial plateau angles. At clinical examination, a caudal tibial subluxation of the right stifle was detected. The right tibial plateau angle was 3 degree. Arthroscopy confirmed a complete caudal cruciate ligament rupture. The cranial cruciate ligament was partially torn. A diagnosis of caudal cruciate ligament rupture 8.5 years post juvenile tibial plateau hemiepiphysiodesis was made. A tibial plateau overcorrection might have contributed to caudal cruciate ligament rupture in this dog.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bilateral Meniscal Tears Identified during Treatment for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease Via Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy in Dogs
Authors: Laube Rebecca L. , Kerstetter Kyle K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to report the prevalence and risk factors of bilateral meniscal tears during a tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO).Methods Data from 362 dogs that underwent staged or simultaneous TPLO between January 2006 and April 2019 were retrospectively collected. Variables such as breed, sex, weight change and intervals between surgeries were analysed with logistic regression. Preoperative tibial plateau angle, age, cranial cruciate ligament status and body weight were analysed with a generalized linear mixed model. All analyses were performed to assess the likelihood of bilateral meniscal tears versus unilateral tears and no tears. Correlation of meniscal tears between stifles was assessed with Cohen's kappa coefficient.Results Prevalence of bilateral meniscal tears was 48.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.0–53.0%). There was moderate agreement of the presence of meniscal tears between stifles (Cohen's kappa coefficient = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.31–0.51).The odds for bilateral meniscal tears were higher for Rottweilers (odds ratio [OR:] 4.5 [95% CI 1.1–30.3], p = 0.033), older dogs (OR: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.1–1.4 per year], p < 0.0001), smaller dogs (OR: 0.98 [95% CI: 0.97–0.99 per 0.45-kg], p = 0.001), stifles with complete cranial cruciate ligament tears (OR: 21.1 [95% CI: 7.1–62.4], p < 0.0001).Conclusion Contralateral meniscal tears, breed, older age, lower patient weight and complete cranial cruciate ligament tear were significant risk factors for bilateral meniscal tears. Surgeons can use these results to determine prognoses and propensities for meniscal tears in at-risk dogs.
Novel Coronavirus: What to Learn from a Microbiologist?
Authors: Chhina Deepinder K. , Chaudhary Jyoti 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) was declared in Wuhan, city of China. Later on, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The clinical course of the disease ranges from asymptomatic cases to fatal severe respiratory illness. Various laboratory tests are available for the diagnosis of disease. The gold standard test is real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction), whereas antigen testing can be used as a point-of-care test. Antibody detection by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) can be used for the surveillance of the immune response.
Comparison of Hyoid Bone Position in Skeletal Class I Subjects with Varying Growth Patterns: A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Bhullar Mandeep Kaur , Gupta Nikita , Mittal Sanjay , Aggarwal Isha , Palkit Tanzin , Goyal Merry 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction Hyoid bone plays a significant role in physiological functions of craniofacial region, and its position adapts to changes of the head posture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hyoid bone position among skeletal Class I subjects with various growth patterns.
Materials and Methods 90 subjects of north Indian origin, aged between 16 to 30 years, having skeletal class I relation were selected for the study. Subjects were then subdivided into three groups, that is, Group I (n = 30; normodivergent), Group II (n = 30; hypodivergent) and Group III (n = 30; hyperdivergent), based on their vertical growth pattern. Lateral cephalograms were traced and analyzed manually for evaluation of hyoid bone position.
Result  The sagittal position of the hyoid bone shows no significant difference with varying growth patterns. The vertical relation G-C3Chor distance showed significant difference in hypodivergent subjects. The axial inclination of the hyoid bone showed no significant difference between different growth patterns.
Conclusion The anteroposterior position of the hyoid bone does not change with different growth patterns in skeletal class I subjects. The G-C3Chor distance was found to be statistically significant when the three groups were compared.
Structural basis for CDK7 activation by MAT1 and Cyclin H
Authors: Peissert Stefan , Schlosser Andreas , Kendel Rafaela , Kuper Jochen , Kisker Caroline 
Published: October 2020

Significance
The fundamental processes of cell-cycle regulation and transcription are linked by the heterotrimeric CDK-activating kinase (CAK) complex. We solved the crystal structure of the active CAK complex and provide a molecular rationale for CAK activation, regulation, and substrate recognition. Our data thus highly advance our understanding of this essential factor which is also a proven target for cancer therapy.
Strongman, patronage and fake news
Authors: Ragragio Jefferson Lyndon D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Human rights are essential pillars of democracies. But under populism, they are a proclaimed nemesis of political
leaders who claim to represent the common people. This article argues that the discourses of strongman, patronage and fake news
constitute three prominent right-wing populist ploys that erode human rights in Rodrigo Duterte’s Philippines. It interrogates the
communicative power of populism as a means of disfiguring free expression and press freedom. Drawing from human rights and media
reports and interviews, the pro-human rights current is reformatted by strongman pronouncement in the war on drugs, unity of
long-established blocs of power through patronage, and belligerent charge of fake news.
Effects of Eu2+ on the luminescence and afterglow that arise from defects in β-SiAlON:Eu2+
Authors: Suda Yoriko , Kamigaki Yoshiaki , Miyagawa Hayato , Takeda Takashi , Takahashi Kohsei , Hirosaki Naoto 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Si6−z
Al
z
O
z
N8−z
(β-SiAlON):Eu2+ is known as a high brightness green phosphor. When β-SiAlON:Eu2+ is excited with UV light (approximately 265 nm), a curved decay afterglow is observed as a result of the trap levels created by the defects in the host crystal. However, the defect signals are hardly detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) and thermoluminescence (TL), which are common defect detection methods. Non-doped (Eu = 0) β-SiAlON emits blue light from a nitrogen defect, and the defect can be detected by time-resolved fluorescence (TR-F) measurement at 15 K. Similarly, upon measuring TR-F at 15 K for Eu-doped β-SiAlON, a blue emission (460 nm) is detected in addition to the green emission of Eu2+ (530 nm). The green emission has an afterglow of several milliseconds that decays with the same decay curve as the blue emission of the defect, and its time constant is 5–6 ms. This blue emission is quenched by the Eu concentration and temperature. The Si dangling bond signal intensity, observed by ESR, and the glow intensity, observed by TL, also decrease with the increment of the Eu concentration. It is difficult to detect the defect as an electron trap owing to the interaction between Eu2+ and the nitrogen defect. However, the afterglow arising from the electrons trapped at the defect level does not decrease with the Eu concentration. The blue emission was quenched at room temperature but the afterglow was not reduced, which also affected the light emission above room temperature. Therefore, it is possible to detect nitrogen defects optically by TR-F at low temperature, as well as the Eu2+ afterglow of several milliseconds.
Signal conditioning using logarithmic amplifier for biomedical applications of electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Saxena M , Gharpure D C , Wagh V G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the use of a logarithmic amplifier to improve the spatial resolution (RES) of a low-cost electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system. In an EIT system, the measured signal has a large dynamic range from µV to mV, which requires high-RES (analog to digital conversion) cards. The logarithmic amplifier reduces the dynamic range by expanding lower values and compressing higher values, thereby improving the sensitivity and at the same time preventing the signal from saturation. In addition, a low-RES analog to digital conversion (ADC) cards can be used, making the system cost effective. This work evaluates the performance of a logarithmic amplifier and a linear amplifier used for signal conditioning in a low-cost EIT system. Approach: Two EIT systems based on a linear amplifier and logarithmic amplifier were designed. Phantom experiments were carried out with very small amounts of current injection. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), image quality, minimum detectable size and minimum detectable conductivity change were obtained. Main results: The logarithmic amplifier-based EIT system increased the average SNR by 4 dB. It also showed improvement in the RES and contrast-to-noise ratio of the images. The minimum size detectable by the logarithmic amplifier-based system was of radius 0.25 cm in a tank of radius 11 cm and the minimum change in conductivity detectable was 11%. Significance: Logarithmic amplifier-based signal conditioning is a promising technique for improving the spatial RES of a low-cost EIT system that has a low-RES ADC.
Electrical performances degradations and physics based mechanisms under negative bias temperature instability stress for p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Zhang Chi , Liu Siyang , Li Sheng , Li Ningbo , Tao Xinyi , Hou Bo , Zhou Bin , Wei Jiaxing , Chen Yiqiang , Sun Weifeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, an in-depth evaluation of the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) in p-GaN gate high electron mobility transistors with Schottky-type gate contact has been reported in detail. The measured results reveal that the threshold voltage (V
th) positively shifts by 0.35 V and the on-state drain-source resistance (R
dson) increases by 24.2 mΩ within 1 h at room temperature, even under the minimum allowed operating gate-voltage condition (V
gs = −10 V) in the datasheet of the commercial device. With the help of energy band theory and experimental analyses, donor-type traps are demonstrated to dominate the degradation by reducing the positive charges in the p-GaN cap. Moreover, further quantitative analysis has been performed by the conductance–frequency measurements method. Considering the risk of degradation induced by NBTI, it turns necessary for the system designers to choose a more suitable negative bias operating condition so as to extend the robustness of the entire power system.
Mechanical metamaterials with programmable compression-twist coupling
Authors: Goswami Debkalpa , Zhang Yunlan , Liu Shuai , Abdalla Omar A , Zavattieri Pablo D , Martinez Ramses V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The rational design of mechanical metamaterials has the potential to grant them with properties unattainable by bulk materials. This paper describes twisting mechanical metamaterials (TMMs), a new class of programmable matter whose rationally designed architecture endows them with compression-twist coupling, a property absent in conventional materials. Upon compression, the cellular architecture of TMMs efficiently transforms longitudinal strain into unidirectional or bidirectional twisting—free from mechanical frustrations and independent of the flexible material chosen to fabricate the TMM. TMMs can be rapidly designed using an automated generative algorithm, which enables the tailoring of their twisting properties (up to 3.24° twist per % strain) and Poisson’s ratio (−0.6 to +1.22) using only two design parameters. The scalable architecture of TMMs does not suffer from size effects which impair their twist per unit strain. Bidirectional TMMs autonomously switch their direction of rotation during uniform displacement-controlled compressive loading, conferring them with non-interchangeable compression-twist coupling. The capability of TMMs to controllably convert translation to rotation blurs the boundary between materials and machines, expanding the range of mechanical properties currently accessible to 3D printed materials and paving the way toward the creation of future programmable matter.
Thin accretion disk around a four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole *
Authors: Liu Cheng , Zhu Tao , Wu Qiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recently, a novel four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (4EGB) theory of gravity was proposed by Glavan and Lin [D. Glavan and C. Lin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 081301 (2020)], which includes a regularized Gauss-Bonnet term using the re-scalaring of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant

in the limit

. This theory has also been reformulated to a specific class of the Horndeski theory with an additional scalar degree of freedom and to a spatial covariant version with a Lagrangian multiplier, which can eliminate the scalar mode. Here, we study the physical properties of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from a thin accretion disk around a static spherically symmetric black hole in 4EGB gravity. For this purpose, we assume the disk is in a steady-state and in hydrodynamic and thermodynamic equilibrium, so that the emitted electromagnetic radiation is a black body spectrum. We study in detail the effects of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant

in 4EGB gravity on the energy flux, temperature distribution, and electromagnetic spectrum of the disk. With an increase in the parameter

, the energy flux, temperature distribution, and electromagnetic spectrum of the accretion disk all increase. We also show that the accretion efficiency increases with the growth of the parameter

. Our results indicate that the thin accretion disk around a static spherically symmetric black hole in 4EGB gravity is hotter, more luminous, and more efficient than that around a Schwarzschild black hole with the same mass for positive

, while it is cooler, less luminous, and less efficient for negative

.
Carbon Capture and Storage Using Renewable Energy Sources: A Review
Authors: Ragul hari S , Prem Balaji C , Karunamurthy K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The world is undergoing a population explosion; urbanization has also taken giant leaps with higher standards of people. It is noted that the supply and the demand for energy have not been in correlation with one another, as around. When the supply of energy is scaled up, there will large amounts of emissions released from the power plants. Therefore, it is important to focus on capturing and storage of harmful greenhouse gas emissions, using renewable energy resources, so that emission mitigation can be made in an efficient and economically feasible way. The pragmatic analysis of solar-assisted post-combustion carbon capture (SPCC) has been reviewed upon, where the energy compensation of a coal-fired plant due to regeneration of absorbent has been scrutinized. It is also been compared with the integration of geothermal energy (GTCC) for carbon capture. In the adsorption process, various techno-economic analysis of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) integrating solar-assisted temperature swing adsorption has been reported along with the effect of absorbent material in pressure-temperature swing adsorption for CO2 capture. Assessment of solar-assisted CCS are also been accomplished by adopting pliable thinking on the energy system. Finally, the integration with solar thermal power plant using novel Sodium Carbonate as a solvent is discussed. Thus, several parts of the CCS system have been construed with renewable energy towards the goal of zero-emission power generation, which seems highly impossible, can be harnessed by 2050