bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoration of Cube‐Like Ceria Crystals by Well‐Dispersed Au Nanoparticles: Surface Influence
Authors: Małecka Małgorzata A. , Matus Krzysztof , Woźniak Piotr 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the run of the decorating process of the active support, like CeO2, by the gold nanoparticles via deposition‐precipitation method has been studied. Two types of the Au/CeO2 systems with different mean particle size (but the same morphology) of the support have been investigated. It was noted that the decoration process proceeds easily only for large crystals with average size about 67 nm. Three hypotheses were tested in order to explain unsuccessful initial Au nanoparticles decoration of the cube‐like CeO2 crystals with average size about 14 nm as a support. The tests have shown that the ratio of the molar content of the chloroauric acid to the total surface area of the support (MAu/SCeO2) has a significant impact on the decorating process of CeO2 by nano‐Au. If the above ratio is too small, the thin layer of gold instead of the Au nanoparticles is formed on the support surface. In this paper, the calculations of the real surface area (from TEM/HRTEM data) were used to adjust the optimum the MAu/SCeO2 to obtain the Au/CeO2 system with the desired properties.
A Modified Suture Technique for Attaching Radiotransmitters to Northern Bobwhite Chicks
Authors: Terhune Theron M. , Caudill Danny , Terhune V. Heather , Martin James A. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTReliable and unbiased information is needed for informing management decisions relevant to all animal life stages. Radiomarking is commonly used for adult birds, but this approach is more challenging for galliform chicks. Following preliminary experimentation of multiple attachment methods, we selected 2 radiotransmitter attachment techniques, gluing and suturing, to test on 11‐day‐old northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhite) chicks in an outdoor aviary environment during 1 May 2013 through 30 Sep 2016. In addition, we field‐tested a novel, modified‐suture technique on 11‐ and 12‐day‐old wild bobwhite chicks. We found that suturing was a superior method of transmitter attachment. Glue‐on attachment of transmitters performed poorly with average retention rates <7 days. The probability of retaining a radiotransmitter for the duration of our 8‐week study was 0.76 (±0.08 SE), 0.89 (±0.09 SE), and 0.00 for normal suture, our modified suture, and glue‐on techniques, respectively. Development and growth of suture‐ and patagial‐tagged bobwhite chicks (average mass gain of 41.95 g ± 2.79 SE) was unimpeded compared with a control (patagial‐tagged only, no transmitter) group of birds (average mass gain: 40.89 g ± 2.91 SE). We observed similar tag‐retention rates (0.906 ± 0.07 SE) of transmitters affixed to wild bobwhite chicks in the field using a modified‐suture technique compared with the aviary study. Our modifications to the traditional suture methods include changing the placement of the transmitter to reduce snag rate in vegetation, using a smaller gauge syringe needle to reduce skin‐tearing, applying a surgeon's knot for increased knot‐security and reduced knot slippage while suturing, and applying insta‐set spray to rapidly dry superglue to reduce handling time of chicks. The modified‐suture technique provides improvements in tag‐retention, facilitates shorter handling time of birds in the field, and provides an effective means for tagging and tracking individuals to collect ecological data and demographic vital rates on bobwhite chicks and other birds. Future studies should investigate potential sublethal effects that suture tags may impose on individuals to identify and account for estimable biases of vital rates. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Quantum chaos, pole-skipping and hydrodynamics in a holographic system with chiral anomaly
Authors: Abbasi Navid , Tabatabaei Javad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It is well-known that chiral anomaly can be macroscopically detected through the energy and charge transport, due to the chiral magnetic effect. On the other hand, in a holographic many body system, the chaotic modes might be only associated with the energy conservation. This suggests that, perhaps, one can detect microscopic anomalies through the diagnosis of quantum chaos in such systems. To investigate this idea, we consider a magnetized brane in AdS space time with a Chern-Simons coupling in the bulk. By studying the shock wave geometry in this background, we first compute the corresponding butterfly velocities, in the presence of an external magnetic field B, in μ « T and B « T2 limit. We find that the butterfly propagation in the direction of B has a different velocity than in the opposite direction; the difference is ∆vB = (log(4)−1)∆vsound with ∆vsound being the difference between the velocity of two sound modes propagating in the system. The splitting of butterfly velocities confirms the idea that chiral anomaly can be macroscopically manifested via quantum chaos. We then show that the pole-skipping points of energy density Green’s function of the boundary theory coincide precisely with the chaos points. This might be regarded as the hydrodynamic origin of quantum chaos in an anomalous system. Additionally, by studying the near horizon dynamics of a scalar field on the above background, we find the spectrum of pole-skipping points associated with the two-point function of dual boundary operator. We find that the sum of wavenumbers corresponding to pole-skipping points at a specific Matsubara frequency is a universal quantity, which is independent of the scaling dimension of the dual boundary operator. We then show that this quantity follows from a closed formula and can be regarded as another macroscopic manifestation of the chiral anomaly.
Symmetries in A-type little string theories. Part I. Reduced free energy and paramodular groups
Authors: Bastian Brice , Hohenegger Stefan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We analyse the symmetries of a class of A-type little string theories that are engineered by N parallel M5-branes with M2-branes stretched between them. This paper deals with the so-called reduced free energy, which only receives contributions from the subset of the BPS states that carry the same charges under all the Cartan generators of the underlying gauge algebra. We argue (and check explicitly in a number of examples) that the former is invariant under the paramodular group ΣN ⊂ Sp(4, ℚ), which gets extended to a subgroup of Sp(4, ℝ) in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili-limit. This extension agrees with the observation made in [18] that these BPS states form a symmetric orbifold CFT. Furthermore, we argue that ΣN (along with other symmetries) places strong constraints on the BPS counting function that governs the intersection between the M5- and M2-branes.
Conformal structure of FLRW cosmology: spinorial representation and the $$ \mathfrak{so} $$ (2, 3) algebra of observables
Authors: Achour Jibril Ben , Livine Etera R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It was recently shown that the homogeneous and isotropic cosmology of a massless scalar field coupled to general relativity exhibits a new hidden conformal invariance under Mobius transformation of the proper time, additionally to the invariance under time-reparamterization. The resulting Noether charges form a $$ \mathfrak{sl}\left(2,\mathbb{R}\right) $$
sl

2
ℝ

Lie algebra, which encapsulates the whole kinematics and dynamics of the geometry. This allows to map FLRW cosmology onto conformal mechanics and formulate quantum cosmology in CFT1 terms. Here, we show that this conformal structure is embedded in a larger $$ \mathfrak{so} $$
so
(3, 2) algebra of observables, which allows to present all the Dirac observables for the whole gravity plus matter sectors in a unified picture. Not only this allows one to quantize the system and its whole algebra of observables as a single irreducible representation of $$ \mathfrak{so} $$
so
(3, 2), but this also gives access to a scalar field operator $$ \hat{\phi} $$

ϕ
̂

opening the door to the inclusion of non-trivial potentials for the scalar field. As such, this extended conformal structure might allow to perform a group quantization of inflationary cosmological backgrounds.
Eventually Entanglement Breaking Markovian Dynamics: Structure and Characteristic Times
Authors: Hanson Eric P. , Rouzé Cambyse , Stilck França Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate entanglement breaking times of Markovian evolutions in discrete and continuous time. In continuous time, we characterize which Markovian evolutions are eventually entanglement breaking, that is, evolutions for which there is a finite time after which any entanglement initially present has been destroyed by the noisy evolution. In the discrete-time framework, we consider the entanglement breaking index, that is, the number of times a quantum channel has to be composed with itself before it becomes entanglement breaking. The $$\hbox {PPT}^2$$PPT2 conjecture is that every PPT quantum channel has an entanglement breaking index of at most 2; we prove that every faithful PPT quantum channel has a finite entanglement breaking index, and more generally, any faithful PPT CP map whose Hilbert–Schmidt adjoint is also faithful is eventually entanglement breaking. We also provide a method to obtain concrete bounds on this index for any faithful quantum channel. To obtain these estimates, we use a notion of robustness of separability to obtain bounds on the radius of the largest separable ball around faithful product states. We also extend the framework of Poincaré inequalities for non-primitive semigroups to the discrete setting to quantify the convergence of quantum semigroups in discrete time, which is of independent interest.
DKG-Zertifizierung kinderonkologischer Zentren – ein weites Feld …
Authors: Lauten Melchior , Kontny Udo , Nathrath Michaela , Schrappe Martin 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie (GPOH) und die Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) haben Kriterien für die DKG-Zertifizierung der Kinderonkologie erarbeitet, nach denen 2017 in Deutschland erstmals pädiatrisch-onkologische Abteilungen zertifiziert wurden. Das Ziel der DKG-Zertifizierung ist „die Vereinheitlichung und die transparente Darstellung der Versorgungsqualität für pädiatrische Patientinnen und Patienten mit hämato-onkologischen Erkrankungen“, wie 2018 in einer Veröffentlichung von Mensah et al. dargestellt. Die Auswahl der Zertifizierungskriterien hat innerhalb der GPOH zu einer intensiven Diskussion darüber geführt, inwieweit die Kriterien für sich genommen einer wissenschaftlichen Überprüfbarkeit standhalten und damit valide Parameter für die Bestimmung der Versorgungsqualität in der Kinderonkologie in Deutschland darstellen.Wir haben untersucht, ob aus der Arbeit von Mensah et al. valide Folgerungen für das deutsche Gesundheitssystem ableitbar sind. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die momentan definierten DKG-Zertifizierungskriterien für die Kinderonkologie in Deutschland in kritischen Bereichen einer fundierten wissenschaftlichen Grundlage entbehren.Diese Arbeit stellt Fallzahlen als Maß für Qualität in der Kinderonkologie infrage und regt die Entwicklung alternativer Kriterien für die Überprüfbarkeit von Qualität in der deutschen Kinderonkologie an.
Automated monitoring of delamination factor during up (conventional) and down (climb) milling of melamine-faced MDF using image processing methods
Authors: Śmietańska Katarzyna , Podziewski Piotr , Bator Marcin , Górski Jarosław 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe main goal of this paper was to examine whether image processing can be an effective tool in automatic quality control systems for furniture manufacturing, at least in cases where delamination is a key problem. Image processing turned out to be a very effective way of delamination factor monitoring. Moreover, the research analyzed the quality effect of up or down milling of melamine-faced MDF. The delamination factor increased significantly with increasing tool wear. However, the increase was not very regular. The experimental data showed that up milling had a significant advantage over down milling.
A quantitative comparison among different types of auxiliary slot, auxiliary tooth, and the slot opening in split-pole Vernier machine
Authors: Mirzaei Alavijeh Mohammad , Shamlou Sadegh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Vernier permanent magnet machine is a high-torque, low-speed system suitable for direct-drive applications such as in-wheel electrical machines and wind generation turbines. In this paper, specific critical parameters of the electrical machine for auxiliary tooth and slot are investigated in different conditions. It should be noted that all the models are fully optimized and compared under the same condition by FEA analysis. The results illustrate that the stator with α ≠ β = θ is the best choice for stator split pole. Also, the concentrated winding is wound around the main stator tooth and the magnets mounted on the rotor surface. Besides, all essential characteristics for an electric machine such as torque, cogging torque, power factor, and efficiency are investigated. Furthermore, many basic formulas for designing a Vernier machine are proposed. This comparison helps designers choose the best combination among α, β, and θ in the split-pole structures. There is a nomenclature to organize this manuscript for the reader. It should be noted that all the figures are baked by ANSYS Electronics Maxwell version 19.0. Moreover, all of them are modified by Origin software to show with high quality.
Cold-Resistant Heterotrophic Ammonium and Nitrite-Removing Bacteria Improve Aquaculture Conditions of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Neissi Alireza , Rafiee Gholamreza , Farahmand Hamid , Rahimi Shadi , Mijakovic Ivan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was isolation and characterization of heterotrophic bacteria capable of ammonium and nitrite removal at 15 °C (optimal temperature for growing rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environmental isolates were grown in liquid media containing ammonium or nitrite, and best strains in terms of growth and ammonium or nitrite removal were identified via 16S rRNA sequencing. Dyadobacter sp. (no. 68) and Janthinobacterium sp. (no. 100) were selected for optimal adaptation to growth at 15 °C and best ammonium and nitrite removal (P < 0.05), respectively. A heterotrophic ammonium and nitrite removal (HAN) microbial complex, containing selected strains, was prepared and applied in a trout culture system. After 10 days, the effect of microbial HAN complex was investigated in terms of ammonium and nitrite removal, as well as stress and immune indices present in the plasma of cultivated trout. Compared to a standard cultivation setup, addition of the HAN complex had a clear beneficial effect on keeping the un-ionized ammonia and nitrite level below prescribed standards (P < 0.05). This resulted in reduction of stress and immune reactions of cultivated fish (P < 0.05), leading to an augmentation of final weight and survival. Application of the selected microbial complex resulted in a significant improvement of the aquaculture ecosystem.
Evaluation des Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) in der täglichen Praxis bei Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen und nichtentzündlichen Erkrankungen
Authors: Buehring B. , Thomas J. , Wittkämper T. , Baraliakos X. , Braun J. 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Osteoporosebedingte Frakturen sind bei Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis (RA) häufig. Die Messung der Knochenmineraldichte (KDM) mit der Dual-Energie-Röntgenabsorptionsmessung (DXA) allein sagt das Frakturrisiko nur begrenzt voraus. Der Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) ist ein Surrogatmarker für die trabekuläre Mikroarchitektur des Knochens, der das Frakturrisiko unabhängig von der KDM vorhersagen kann.

Ziel
Ermittlung der Prävalenz von KDM, TBS und osteoporotisch bedingten Wirbelkörperbrüchen („vertebral fractures“ [VF]) bei Patienten mit RA im Vergleich zu Kontrollen mit nichtentzündlichen Muskel-Skelett-Erkrankungen (MSK).

Methoden
Die Daten von Patienten mit von Rheumatologen diagnostizierter RA und verfügbaren TBS- und DXA-Messungen, die in unserem Krankenhaus von 2006 bis 2014 erhoben wurden, wurden retrospektiv analysiert. Den RA-Patienten wurden Kontrollen mit nichtentzündlichen MSK zugeordnet. Eine „reduzierte Knochengesundheit“ wurde definiert als ein T‑Score <−1,0 und/oder ein TBS-Wert <−1,31. Statistische Vergleiche wurden mit dem Mann-Whitney- und dem Wilcoxon-Test durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 143 Patienten mit RA (Alter 72,1 ± 11,1 Jahre, 72 % weiblich) und 106 Kontrollen (Alter 69,6 ± 12,6 Jahre, 75 % weiblich) eingeschlossen. RA-Patienten hatten häufiger eine erniedrigte KDM (n = 102; 71,3 %) und einen erniedrigen TBS-Wert (n = 125; 87,4 %) als die Kontrollen (n = 63; 59,4 % und n = 79; 74,5 %, p = 0,049 und p = 0,009). RA-Patienten hatten mehr VF (n = 52, 36,4 %) als Kontrollen (n = 24, 22,6 %, p = 0,02). Insgesamt hatten 20 Patienten mit VF (26,3 %) eine normale Wirbelsäulen-KDM und 9 (11,8 %) auch eine normale Hüft-KDM. Bei Patienten mit VF war die Kombination eines niedrigen TBS bei normaler WS-KDM häufiger als ein normaler TBS bei niedriger WS-KDM (p = 0,008 für RA, p = 0,025 für Kontrollen).

Diskussion
VF treten bei Patienten mit normaler KDM auf. Bei Patienten mit VF wurde eine niedrige TBS bei normaler Wirbelsäulen-KDM häufiger gefunden als eine normale TBS bei niedriger Wirbelsäulen-KDM. Die Messung des TBS scheint für die Erkennung eines erhöhten Frakturrisikos bei RA-Patienten mit normaler WS-KDM nützlich zu sein.
Preliminary effect of projectile yaw on extremity gunshot wounding in a cadaveric animal model: a serendipitous study
Authors: Stevenson Tom , Carr Debra J , Gibb Iain E , Stapley Sarah A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGunshot wounding (GSW) is capable of causing devastating tissue injuries by delivering kinetic energy (KE) through the contact surface area of a projectile. The contact surface area can be increased by yaw, deformation and fragmentation, all of which may be caused by any intermediate layers struck by the projectile prior to entering its target. This study aims to describe whether projectile yaw occurring before penetration of a cadaveric animal limb model causes greater damage with or without clothing layers present using 5.45 × 39 mm projectiles. In total, 12 fallow deer hind limbs were shot, further divided into 4 with no clothing layers (Cnil), 4 with a single clothing layer (Cmin) and 4 with maximum clothing layers (Cmax) as worn on active duty by UK military personnel. Contrast computed tomography (CT) of limbs was used to measure permanent cavity size and the results were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). No significant differences were found among clothing states for each series of measurements taken, with greater cavity sizes noted in all clothing states. This is in contrast to previous work looking at symmetrically flying projectiles in the same model, where a larger permanent cavity was found only with Cmax present. Projectile yaw is therefore likely to be a key variable with regard to causation of damage within this extremity wound model.
On the Tractability of Optimization Problems on H-Graphs
Authors: Fomin Fedor V. , Golovach Petr A. , Raymond Jean-Florent 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor a graph H, a graph G is an H-graph if it is an intersection graph of connected subgraphs of some subdivision of H. H-graphs naturally generalize several important graph classes like interval graphs or circular-arc graph. This class was introduced in the early 1990s by Bíró, Hujter, and Tuza. Recently, Chaplick et al. initiated the algorithmic study of H-graphs by showing that a number of fundamental optimization problems like Maximum Clique, Maximum Independent Set, or Minimum Dominating Set are solvable in polynomial time on H-graphs. We extend and complement these algorithmic findings in several directions. First we show that for every fixed H, the class of H-graphs is of logarithmically-bounded boolean-width (via mim-width). Pipelined with the plethora of known algorithms on graphs of bounded boolean-width, this describes a large class of problems solvable in polynomial time on H-graphs. We also observe that H-graphs are graphs with polynomially many minimal separators. Combined with the work of Fomin, Todinca and Villanger on algorithmic properties of such classes of graphs, this identify another wide class of problems solvable in polynomial time on H-graphs. The most fundamental optimization problems among the problems solvable in polynomial time on H-graphs are Maximum Clique, Maximum Independent Set, and Minimum Dominating Set. We provide a more refined complexity analysis of these problems from the perspective of parameterized complexity. We show that Maximum Independent Set and Minimum Dominating Set are W[1]-hard being parameterized by the size of H plus the size of the solution. On the other hand, we prove that when H is a tree, then Minimum Dominating Set is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by the size of H. For Maximum Clique we show that it admits a polynomial kernel parameterized by H and the solution size.
Grid-Resolution Requirements for Large-Eddy Simulations of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Wurps Hauke , Steinfeld Gerald , Heinz Stefan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLarge-eddy simulations are widely used to study flows in the atmospheric boundary layer. As atmospheric boundary-layer flows of different atmospheric stratification have very different flow characteristics on different length scales, well-resolved simulations of these flows require very different meshes. The Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model combined with a realizable dynamic subgrid model is used to identify the best method for evaluating the resolution requirements for boundary-layer flows simulated by large-eddy simulations. In particular, we consider three atmospheric boundary-layer set-ups with different stratifications (stable, neutral, convective) to investigate how the quality of the simulation changes with the grid resolution. By following the work of Davidson (Int J Heat Fluid Flow 30(5):1016–1025, 2009), the results are examined using criteria such as the convergence of mean profiles, the ratio of modelled and resolved turbulence kinetic energy, and the two-point correlation. We conclude that the two-point correlation is the best measure to evaluate whether the resolution demands for a specific flow are fulfilled.