bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological evaluation of nail lichen planus: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kharghoria Geetali , Grover Chander , Bhattacharya Sambit Nath , Sharma Sonal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionUp to 10% of patients with lichen planus (LP) have nail involvement; still there is a paucity of studies on histopathological features. Nevertheless, nail biopsy is the diagnostic standard, especially for isolated nail LP.MethodologyNails of 45 patients with nail LP were evaluated clinically and biopsies taken from most involved nail (25 nail bed and 20 matrix biopsies). Correlation of clinical and histopathological features was also done.ResultsThe mean age of the study group participants was 36.91 ± 18.27 years with a M:F ratio of 1.81:1. The most common clinical variant of LP seen was oral LP (51%), with isolated nail involvement in 29%. Clinically, major features were onychorrhexis (92.3%), longitudinal melanonychia (74.3%), and nail bed erythema (54%). Histopathologically, hypergranulosis of nail matrix and bed epithelium (51.1%), followed by sawtooth acanthosis (44.4%) and lichenoid band (24.4%) were most common. A diagnosis using prevalent diagnostic criteria was confirmed in 51.1% biopsies. Distinctive “fraying of nail plate,” a change not previously described, was noted in 33.3% cases.ConclusionHistopathology of nail LP has been attributed a diagnostic role; however, existing diagnostic criteria are not sensitive enough and need refinement. Not hitherto described features like fraying of nail plate are seen in a significant number of cases.
Human impact overrides bioclimatic drivers of red fox home range size globally
Authors: Main Michael T. , Davis Robert A. , Blake David , Mills Harriet , Doherty Tim S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimIdentifying the variables that influence animal home range size is important for understanding the biological requirements of individuals and their social interactions. Given their often broad distributions, carnivores are model organisms for studying range‐wide determinants of home range size. Here, we test predictions about environmental determinants of home range size for one of the world's most widely distributed carnivores, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes).LocationGlobal.MethodsWe compiled a database of 70 mean home range estimates from 62 studies and four continents, which we analysed according to site‐based temperature, precipitation, environmental productivity and human influence variables.ResultsWe found a very strong negative effect of the Human Footprint Index (HFI), with fox home range size decreasing as the level of human impact increased. When analysing the constituent components of the HFI separately, we found that human population density was the only well‐supported variable (cf. built environments, croplands, pasture lands, nightlights, railways, roads and navigable waterways). Predicted home range size at the highest human population densities (0.75 km2) was 93% lower than at the lowest population densities (10.83 km2). We also found that home range size increased as mean annual temperature and temperature seasonality increased. The analyses did not support our prediction that home ranges would be smaller in areas of higher environmental productivity or precipitation.Main conclusionsSmaller home range sizes observed in highly disturbed areas can be attributed to increased food availability from anthropogenic sources. The lack of an effect of environmental productivity contrasts with previous studies that have shown a negative relationship with carnivore home range size. It may be that anthropogenic food sources have negated the impacts that low‐productivity environments have on fox home ranges. Our results emphasize the strong potential for human activities to transform animal space use across the globe.
Is endoscopic resection appropriate for type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumors? Retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Hirasawa Toshiaki , Yamamoto Noriko , Sano Takeshi 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundGastrectomy with lymphadenectomy is recommended for type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumors (G‐NETs). This study aimed to identify the risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) arising from G‐NETs to assess the suitability of endoscopic resection (ER).MethodsNationwide clinicopathological data of patients with type 3 G‐NETs who underwent surgery or ER were collected. A single pathologist graded the histological tumor specimens.ResultsAmong 176 cases from 53 institutions, 144 were eligible for analysis (90 NET‐G1 and 54 NET‐G2 grade, 8‐mm median‐size tumors). Of these, 63 patients had undergone ER (15 with additional surgeries). Histological data regarding LNM were available for 93 surgical patients. LNM was confirmed in 15 (16%) tumors and was correlated with tumor diameter, invasion depth, and tumor grade. LNM was negative in six tumors ≤5 mm, confined to the mucosa or submucosa, with a grade of G1, and without lymphovascular invasion, but the number of cases was too small to propose ER indications. Among 48 patients treated with ER alone, only one developed recurrence; no mortality was observed at follow‐up, although many patients were classified with SM2/NET‐G2/tumors >5 mm. This suggests that not all LNMs arising from small G‐NETs are fatal.ConclusionGastrectomy with lymphadenectomy for type 3 G‐NETs is recommended on the basis of LNM. However, ER for type 3 G‐NETs ≤10 mm, confined to the mucosa or submucosa, with a grade of G1 has shown excellent survival outcomes despite the risk of LNM, and therefore, could be an alternative treatment option.
Biopsychosocial factors associated with a current depressive episode in diabetes: the ELSA‐Brasil study
Authors: van Duinkerken E. , Moreno A. B. , Eto F. N. , Lotufo P. , Barreto S. M. , Giatti L. , Viana M. C. , Nunes M. A. , Chor D. , Griep R. H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsDepression is more prevalent in people with diabetes, and is associated with worse diabetes outcomes. Depression in diabetes is more treatment resistant, and as underlying mechanisms are unknown, development of more effective treatment strategies is complicated. A biopsychosocial model may improve our understanding of the pathophysiology, and therewith help improving treatment options.MethodsDiabetes was diagnosed according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria and a current depressive episode according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐10), based on the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS‐R). From the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil), we included 455 participants without diabetes with a current depressive episode and 10 900 without either diabetes or a current depressive episode. Furthermore, 2183 participants had diabetes alone and 106 had both diabetes and a current depressive episode. Variable selection was based on their relationship with depression and/or diabetes. Multinomial multivariate logistic regression was used to determine how the models differed between participants with and without diabetes.ResultsA current depressive episode in diabetes was related to being older and female, having poorer education, financial problems, experiencing discrimination at work, home and school, higher waist circumference, albumin to creatinine ratio and insulin resistance, and the presence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In non‐diabetes, a current depressive disorder was related to being female, not being black, low income, psychological and social factors, non‐current alcohol use, lower HDL cholesterol, higher insulin resistance and the presence of cardiovascular disease.ConclusionsA current depressive episode in the presence compared with the absence of diabetes was related more to biological than to psychosocial factors.
Increased sugar concentration in response to a wide range of pollinator sounds can be adaptive for the plant: answer to Raguso et al
Authors: Veits Marine , Khait Itzhak , Boonman Arjan , Sharabi Gayl , Sapir Yuval , Yovel Yossi , Hadany Lilach 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Veits et al., we showed that flowers respond to a range of pollinator sounds by increased nectar sugar concentration. Here we clarify that (1) our argument is relevant to most pollinators, and not limited to bees (2) specifically, bees do access Oenothera Drumondii nectar in this area.
Targeting Wnt/β‐catenin by anthelmintic drug niclosamide overcomes paclitaxel resistance in esophageal cancer
Authors: Wei Wei , Liu Hongfang , Yuan Jia , Yao Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEsophageal cancer is an aggressive malignancy, and its current treatment strategies are plagued with high rates of recurrence. In this work, we demonstrate that niclosamide, an anthelmintic drug, is a potential sensitizing candidate for overcoming chemoresistance in esophageal cancer. Using a panel of esophageal cancer cell lines and normal cells, we show that niclosamide has anti‐esophageal cancer activity and is likely to be less effective against normal esophageal epithelial and fibroblast cells. The combination of niclosamide with paclitaxel results in much greater efficacy than paclitaxel alone, suggesting that niclosamide is active against esophageal cancer cells that are resistant to paclitaxel. This is further confirmed by our results that niclosamide is effective in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in paclitaxel‐resistant esophageal cancer cells. In line with the findings obtained from in vitro cell culture system, niclosamide augments the in vivo efficacy of paclitaxel and significantly arrests paclitaxel‐resistant esophageal cancer growth without causing toxicity in mice. Mechanistically, we show that niclosamide decreases β‐catenin level and activity, and inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3 and mTORC1 substrate 70S6K. Stabilization of β‐catenin level by Wnt activator lithium chloride (LiCl) significantly abolishes the inhibitory effects of niclosamide in inhibiting proliferation and survival but not suppressing phosphorylation of STAT3 and 70S6K in paclitaxel‐resistant esophageal cancer cells, suggesting that niclosamide sensitizes esophageal cancer cell to paclitaxel mainly through inhibiting Wnt/β‐catenin. Our work demonstrates the efficacy of niclosamide and its underlying mechanism in paclitaxel‐resistant esophageal cancer. Our work emphasizes that Wnt/β‐catenin inhibition is a sensitizing strategy in esophageal cancer.
Location dependence of breathing mechanism for a slant crack in a shaft
Authors: Mobarak Hossain Mohammad , Wu Helen , Yang Chunhui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPeriodic stresses are always imposed on a rotor, and thus, a crack due to fatigue is unavoidable. Machinery must be properly diagnosed to avoid tragic accidents. Vibration detection is the most important tool for such a diagnosis system. It is important to know the vibration characteristics of a cracked rotor in order to develop a monitoring system which can detect a crack in an early stage of propagation. In this study, to explore the crack breathing mechanism, a three‐dimensional finite element model is simulated by using a commercial analysis solver—Abaqus/Standard. A two‐disc rotor system with a slant crack is used under the coupling effect of rotor weight and unbalance force. Unlike crack breathing under rotor weight‐only, a crack opens and closes differently under the effects of unbalance forces. Crack breathing depends on its location along the length of the shaft and individual parameters of the rotor system. A few crack locations are recognised along shaft length where the crack may stay fully closed or open during shaft rotation under certain loading circumstances. These locations also split the shaft into different areas based on the orientation of the unbalance force, crack size and location, where shaft stiffness may be higher or lower. Presented findings indicate that predicting the dynamic response of cracked rotors can be anticipated much accurately. Therefore, the impacts of unbalance forces and individual rotor physical characteristics on crack breathing must be taking into consideration.
Minimum wage, trade and unemployment in general equilibrium
Authors: Marjit Sugata , Ganguly Shrimoyee , Acharyya Rajat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe path‐breaking work of Card and Krueger, showing that a higher minimum wage can increase employment, turned the age‐old conventional wisdom on its head. This paper demonstrates that this apparently paradoxical result is perfectly plausible in a competitive general equilibrium production structure of a small open economy with a non‐traded good, without recourse to monopsony, spatial heterogeneity, heterogeneity of consumers and so on, the usual theoretical drivers behind the result. Following Jones and Marjit, we build a simple general equilibrium model with production complementarity and we show that a higher minimum wage can raise aggregate employment. Expansion in the non‐traded sector following a wage hike may be consistent with the overall expansion of the export sector in a multi‐good framework, an unlikely outcome in a conventional two‐good model which cannot accommodate with production complementarity.
Challenging times: ethics, nursing and the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Turale Sue , Meechamnan Chutima , Kunaviktikul Wipada 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlobally nurses and midwives are working hard to detect cases of COVID‐19, to save lives or give comfort in the face of death, to educate themselves and the public about protective measures to stop the viral spread, while still caring for those not infected with the virus. In many countries nurses are working under virtual siege from this pandemic, with not enough resources or personal protective equipment, overwhelming numbers of patients, staff shortages, underprepared health systems and supply chain failures. Nurses and other health and emergency workers are suffering physical and emotional stress, and moral distress from conflicting professional values. They are faced with unpalatable and complex ethical issues in practice, with moral conflicts, high levels of acuity and patient deaths, and long working hours. A rising number of nurses are infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 or dying in the line of duty. Nurses need strong moral courage, stamina and resilience to work on the front lines of the pandemic, often while separated from their loved ones.
Mechanochemically assisted synthesis of titanium carbonitride from metal and organic precursor
Authors: Liu Shaocun , Li Baozhong , Wu Yingju , Luo Kun , Zhao Zhisheng , Zhang Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUltrafine TiC0.29N0.38 powders with a particle size of approximately 170 nm were synthesized by mechanochemical synthesis combined with moderate‐temperature annealing using Ti and ethylenediamine as raw materials. Ethylenediamine plays a versatile role in the fabrication of ultrafine TiCxNy powders. It can serve as not only carbon and nitrogen sources, but also a process control agent, that facilitates the generation of ultrafine particles. A dense TiC0.3N0.39 ceramic with a high hardness of 16.7 GPa was obtained by spark plasma sintering at a considerably reduced temperature of 1100°C. This simple, energy‐efficient method is a novel approach to synthesizing valuable TiCxNy.
Correlation analysis of microribonucleic acid‐155 and microribonucleic acid‐29 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the prediction and verification of target genes
Authors: Zhu Jiaojiao , Wang Cuizhe , Zhang Xueting , Qiu Tongtong , Ma Yinghua , Li Xue , Pang Huai , Xiong Jianyu , Yang Xin , Pan Chongge , Xie Jianxin , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionMicroribonucleic acid‐155 (microRNA155) and microRNA29 are reported to inhibit glucose metabolism in some cell and animal models, but no evidence from susceptible populations that examines the relationship between microRNA155 or microRNA29 and type 2 diabetes mellitus currently exists. Furthermore, target genes regulated by microRNA155 and microRNA29 that affect glucose and lipid metabolism remain unknown.Materials and MethodsHuman participants were divided into normal weight (n = 72), obesity (n = 120) and type 2 diabetes (n = 59) groups. The contents of microRNA155 and microRNA29 abundance in serum were measured, and candidate genes potentially related to glucose and lipid metabolism targeted by either microRNA155 or microRNA29 were screened. Overexpression of microRNA155 and microRNA29 in HepG2 cells was used to verify candidate gene expression, and measure the effects on glucose and lipid metabolism.ResultsSerum levels of microRNA155 and microRNA29 show a significant increase in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes compared with normal weight individuals. Identified target genes for microRNA155 were MAPK14, MAP3K10, DUSP14 and PRKAR2B. Identified target genes for microRNA29 were PEX11A and FADS1. Overexpression of microRNA155 or microRNA29 in HepG2 cells was found to downregulate the expression of identified target genes, and result in inhibition of triglyceride synthesis and glucose incorporation.ConclusionsMicroRNA155 and microRNA29 were significantly higher in type 2 diabetes patients compared with the control patients, their levels were also positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose levels, and over‐expression of microRNA155 or microRNA29 were found to downregulate glucose and lipid metabolism target genes, and reduce lipid synthesis and glucose incorporation in HepG2 cells.
Intermittent fasting promotes adult hippocampal neuronal differentiation by activating GSK‐3β in 3xTg‐AD mice
Authors: Li Wei , Wu Meijian , Zhang Yilin , Wei Xuemin , Zang Jiankun , Liu Yinghua , Wang Yanping , Gong Cheng‐Xin , Wei Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModerate dietary restriction can ameliorate age‐related chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) by increasing the expression of neurotrophic factors and promoting neurogenesis in the brain. Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) signaling is essential for the coordination of progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation during brain development. The mechanisms by which GSK‐3β is involved in dietary restriction‐induced neurogenesis and cognitive improvement remain unclear. Six‐month‐old male 3xTg‐AD and wild‐type mice were fed on alternate days (intermittent fasting, IF) or ad libitum (AL) for 3 months. GSK‐3β activity was regulated by bilaterally infusing lentiviral vectors carrying siRNA targeting GSK‐3β into the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus. Intermittent fasting promoted neuronal differentiation and maturation in the dentate gyrus and ameliorated recognized dysfunction in 3xTg‐AD mice. These effects were reversed by siRNA targeting GSK‐3β. After intermittent fasting, the insulin and protein kinase A signaling pathways were inhibited, while the adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor pathways were activated. These findings suggest that intermittent fasting can promote neuronal differentiation and maturation in the hippocampus by activating GSK‐3β, thus improving learning and memory.
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Femoral anteversion: significance and measurement
Authors: Scorcelletti Matteo , Reeves Neil D. , Rittweger Jörn , Ireland Alex 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFemoral neck anteversion (FNA) is the angle between the femoral neck and femoral shaft, indicating the degree of torsion of the femur. Differences in FNA affect the biomechanics of the hip, through alterations in factors such as moment arm lengths and joint loading. Altered gait associated with differences in FNA may also contribute to the development of a wide range of skeletal disorders including osteoarthritis. FNA varies by up to 30° within apparently healthy adults. FNA increases substantially during gestation and thereafter decreases steadily until maturity. There is some evidence of a further decrease at a much lower rate during adulthood into old age, but the mechanisms behind it have never been studied. Development of FNA appears to be strongly influenced by mechanical forces experienced during everyday movements. This is evidenced by large differences in FNA in groups where movement is impaired, such as children born breech or individuals with neuromuscular conditions such as cerebral palsy. Several methods can be used to assess FNA, which may yield different values by up to 20° in the same participant. While MRI and CT are used clinically, limitations such as their cost, scanning time and exposure to ionising radiation limit their applicability in longitudinal and population studies, particularly in children. More broadly, applicable measures such as ultrasound and functional tests exist, but they are limited by poor reliability and validity. These issues highlight the need for a valid and reliable universally accepted method. Treatment for clinically problematic FNA is usually de‐rotational osteotomy; passive, non‐operative methods do not have any effect. Despite observational evidence for the effects of physical activity on FNA development, the efficacy of targeted physical activity remains unexplored. The aim of this review is to describe the biomechanical and clinical consequences of FNA, factors influencing FNA and the strengths and weaknesses of different methods used to assess FNA.
Cytoarchitectural analysis of the neuron‐to‐glia association in the dorsal root ganglia of normal and diabetic mice
Authors: Ciglieri Elisa , Vacca Maurizia , Ferrini Francesco , Atteya Mona A. , Aimar Patrizia , Ficarra Elisa , Di Cataldo Santa , Merighi Adalberto , Salio Chiara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDorsal root ganglia (DRGs) host the somata of sensory neurons which convey information from the periphery to the central nervous system. These neurons have heterogeneous size and neurochemistry, and those of small‐to‐medium size, which play an important role in nociception, form two distinct subpopulations based on the presence (peptidergic) or absence (non‐peptidergic) of transmitter neuropeptides. Few investigations have so far addressed the spatial relationship between neurochemically different subpopulations of DRG neurons and glia. We used a whole‐mount mouse lumbar DRG preparation, confocal microscopy and computer‐aided 3D analysis to unveil that IB4+ non‐peptidergic neurons form small clusters of 4.7 ± 0.26 cells, differently from CGRP+ peptidergic neurons that are, for the most, isolated (1.89 ± 0.11 cells). Both subpopulations of neurons are ensheathed by a thin layer of satellite glial cells (SGCs) that can be observed after immunolabeling with the specific marker glutamine synthetase (GS). Notably, at the ultrastructural level we observed that this glial layer was discontinuous, as there were patches of direct contact between the membranes of two adjacent IB4+ neurons. To test whether this cytoarchitectonic organization was modified in the diabetic neuropathy, one of the most devastating sensory pathologies, mice were made diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ). In diabetic animals, cluster organization of the IB4+ non‐peptidergic neurons was maintained, but the neuro‐glial relationship was altered, as STZ treatment caused a statistically significant increase of GS staining around CGRP+ neurons but a reduction around IB4+ neurons. Ultrastructural analysis unveiled that SGC coverage was increased at the interface between IB4+ cluster‐forming neurons in diabetic mice, with a 50% reduction in the points of direct contacts between cells. These observations demonstrate the existence of a structural plasticity of the DRG cytoarchitecture in response to STZ.