bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QT interval and corrected QT interval in patients with sepsis in correlation with sepsis outcome and electrolytes
Authors: Fahmy A M , Abdelfattah M M , Hashim R M , Aboali M M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs. Common signs and symptoms of sepsis include fever, increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, and confusion. In the very young, old, and people with a weakened immune system, there may be no specific symptoms.

Aim
to study QT dispersion, QT interval abnormalities and corrected QT interval in septic patients in correlation with arrhythmias, hospital outcome (survival, mortality) and electrolytes.

Patients and Methodology
this is a prospective randomized study that was conducted on forty adult patients who were admitted in the ICU at Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital with the diagnosis of sepsis to correlate Corrected QT interval (QTc) and QT dispersion (QTD) with arrhythmias, need for mechanical ventilation (MV), electrolytes and hospital outcome.

Results
forty patients were included in this study, their ages with a mean of 53.50± 13.7 years. Male patients were 24(60%) and female patients were 16 (40%). The most frequent risk factor was hypertension (62.5%).

Conclusions
the QTc duration may act as a risk marker in the septic patient. Patients with markedly prolonged QTc interval had significantly more episodes of inhospital ventricular tachycardia and hospital mortality.

Recommendations
QTc may add a useful, simple and accessible tool to be used in risk stratification of septic patients. Factors that cause QTc prolongation could be an avoidable or correctable factors; lifethreatening arrhythmia could be prevented.
Role of MSCT in Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children
Authors: Ahmad K A , Hegazy L A , Nasr M A , Matar A A A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Children interstitial lung dieses (CHILD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders that overlap with ILD seen in adults, some are primary lung disorders while others are associated with systemic disease processes.

Objectives
This review aims to role of MSCT in Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children.

Data Sources
Medline databases (PubMed, Medscape, Science Direct. EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the Internet till 2018.

Study Selection
This search presented 55 articles. The articles studied the Role of MSCT in Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children.

Data Extraction
If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, they were excluded. Study quality assessment included whether ethical approval was gained, eligibility criteria specified, appropriate controls, and adequate information and defined assessment measures.

Data Synthesis
Comparisons were made by structured review with the results tabulated.

Conclusions
MSCT continues to be the preferred imaging study for the initial evaluation of suspected child.
Role of Tomosynthesis with correlation to 2D Mammography in characterization of breast lesions in dense breast
Authors: Elshibiny A M , Abdelrahman M E , Abdelrahman L M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Digital Breast Tomosythesis is a new technology of digital mammography that enables the acquisition of three dimensional volume of thin section data, and thus reduces or eliminates tissue overlap especially in dense breast, such ability allow visualization of cancers not apparent by digital mammography and differentiate between benign and malignant lesion.

Objectives
to compare the efficacy of digital breast Tomosynthesis (BDT) to digital Mammography (DM) in diagnosis of different breast lesions in dense breast.

Patients and Method
in this prospective study 30 patients with breast density ACR/C and ACR/D were assessed by Digital Mammography and Digital Breast Tomsynthesis. Each lesion was assigned a blinded category in an individual performance for each modality. The resultant BI-RADS categories were correlated with report of the pathology specimens or outcome follow up.

Results
Both modalities were compared regarding characterization, using Chi Square test (p value:0.035).The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of digital mammography was 62.5%, 68.75% and 66% have significantly increase with tomosynthesis to be 100%,91% and 97% respectively.

Conclusion
Digital breast tomosythesis significantly enhanced characterization of breast lesions than digital mammography in dense breast parenchyma (ACR/C and ACR/D).
Role of CT Entrography in evaluation of small bowel disorders
Authors: Elgaafary S M , Abdelghany A F , Ali W R , Salah M , Youssief H F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The small bowel has always been considered a difficult structure for evaluation, because of its extensive length, its position in the digestive tract, its tortuosity and over lapping loops Purpose of this work is to study elteht of CT Enterography in the assessment of different small bowel diseases. CT Enterography offers superior small bowel visualization compared to standard Abdomino-pelvic CT and provides complementary diagnostic information to capsule endoscopy and MR Enterography more over it can detect the extraluminal pathology
Purpose of this work is to study elt eht of CT Enterography in the assessment of different small bowel diseases.

Patients & methods
the study was performed over 43 patients. Complaining from abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, loss of weight and recurrent vomiting .all patient had full clinical assessment and laboratory investigations. Results were compared to the upper and lower GIT endoscopies as well as laboratory and histopathology results.

Results
the most frequent finding were inflammatory bowel disease with95% sensitivity, neoplastic with sensitivity 92%, malabsorption 83.4% sensitivity and vascular diseases

Conclusion
CT Entrography is a safe well tolerated imaging technique that represents simple and effective method in assessment of different small bowel diseases as it is sensitive to early intestinal wall changes and evaluating the associated mesenteric and extra intestinal alterations as well
Surface modification of small intestine submucosa in tissue engineering
Authors: Zhao Pan , Li Xiang , Fang Qin , Wang Fanglin , Ao Qiang , Wang Xiaohong , Tian Xiaohong , Tong Hao , Bai Shuling , Fan Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the development of tissue engineering, the required biomaterials need to have the ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Especially, surface modification of the scaffold material has a great influence on biocompatibility and functionality of materials. The small intestine submucosa (SIS) is an extracellular matrix isolated from the submucosal layer of porcine jejunum, which has good tissue mechanical properties and regenerative activity, and is suitable for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. In recent years, SIS is widely used in different areas of tissue reconstruction, such as blood vessels, bone, cartilage, bladder and ureter, etc. This paper discusses the main methods for surface modification of SIS to improve and optimize the performance of SIS bioscaffolds, including functional group bonding, protein adsorption, mineral coating, topography and formatting modification and drug combination. In addition, the reasonable combination of these methods also offers great improvement on SIS surface modification. This article makes a shallow review of the surface modification of SIS and its application in tissue engineering.
Managerial Delegation, Law Enforcement, and Aggregate Productivity
Authors: Grobovšek Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractI propose a novel general equilibrium framework to quantify the impact of law enforcement on the internal organization of firms and thereby on aggregate outcomes. The model features an agency problem between the firm and its middle managers. Imperfect law enforcement allows middle managers to divert revenue from firms, which reduces delegation and constrains firm size. I use French matched employer–employee data for evidence of the model’s pattern of managerial wages. Relative to the French benchmark economy, reducing law enforcement to its minimum value decreases GDP (equivalently, total factor productivity; TFP) by 23% and triples the self-employment rate. Consistent with the model, I document cross-country empirical evidence of a positive correlation between law enforcement indicators and the aggregate share of managerial workers. Mapped across the world, the model explains 3–6% of the ratio in GDP per worker between the poorest and richest quintile of countries, and 6–11% of their TFP ratio.
Asset Insulators
Authors: Chodorow-Reich Gabriel , Ghent Andra , Haddad Valentin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We construct a new data set tracking the daily value of life insurers’ assets at the security level. Outside of the 2008–2009 crisis, a ${\$}$ 1 drop in the market value of assets reduces an insurer’s market equity by ${\$}$ 0.10. During the ?nancial crisis, this pass-through rises to ${\$}$ 1. We explain this pattern by viewing insurance companies as asset insulators, institutions with stable, long-term liabilities that can ride out transitory dislocations in market prices. Illustrating the macroeconomic importance of insulation, insurers’ market equity declined by ${\$}$50 billion less than the duration-adjusted value of their securities during the crisis.
Jumping on the ‘bad’wagon? How group membership influences responses to the social exclusion of others
Authors: Lelieveld Gert-Jan , Harris Lasana T , van Dillen Lotte F 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn four studies, we addressed whether group membership influences behavioral and neural responses to the social exclusion of others. Participants played a modified three-player Cyberball game (Studies 1–3) or a team-selection task (Study 4) in the absence or presence of a minimal group setting. In the absence of a minimal group, when one player excluded another player, participants actively included the excluded target. When the excluder was from the in-group and the excluded player from the out-group, participants were less likely to intervene (Studies 1–3) and also more often went along with the exclusion (Study 4). Functional magnetic resonance imaging results (Study 3) showed that greater exclusion in the minimal group setting concurred with increased activation in the dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex, a region associated with overriding cognitive conflict. Self-reports from Study 4 supported these results by showing that participants’ responses to the target’s exclusion were motivated by group membership as well as participants’ general aversion to exclude others. Together, the findings suggest that when people witness social exclusion, group membership triggers a motivational conflict between favoring the in-group and including the out-group target. This underscores the importance of group composition for understanding the dynamics of social exclusion.
T92. POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS OF DSM-IV AND DSM-5 CRITERIA IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER VERSUS MAJOR DEPRESSIVE AND MANIC EPISODES
Authors: Kontis Dimitrios , Theochari Eirini , Giannoulis Alexandros , Louki Fedra , Tsaltas Eleftheria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Psychiatric disorders diagnoses are based on the satisfaction of specific symptoms criteria. Although this categorical method of classification, which is based on the identification of clinical syndromes, has proven useful in terms of treatment, its validity has been criticized. The possible symptoms combinations for major psychotic and mood disorder diagnoses could be calculated using combinatorial mathematics and the results could provide indices of diagnostic heterogeneity.

Methods
Our calculations were conducted using the binomial coefficient. In mathematics, this coefficient calculates the number of an unordered and unrepetitive selection of k items from a set S (a subset of k items from S) with the following formula: n!/k!(n-k)!. We calculated the possible number of combinations of symptoms required for diagnosing a) two major psychotic disorders (a1. Schizophrenia-SCZ and a2. schizoaffective disorder-SAD), and b) two major mood disorders-episodes (b1. Major Depressive Episode-MDE and b2. Manic Episode- ME), implementing the DSM-5 and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. For each diagnosis, k corresponds to the number of the necessary symptoms, where S to the total number of symptoms described in the relevant criteria. The following calculations were conservative, since they did not take into account all the possible combinations within each criterion, the effect of specifiers or the effect of SCZ, or SAD subtypes.

Results
We found the following combinations: DSM-5: SCZ=25, SAD=12,225, MDE=163, ME=326. DSM-IV: SCZ=74, SAD=2,762,198, MDE=163, ME=163. According to DSM-IV (but not to DSM-5), Criterion A for Schizophrenia could coexist with a mixed mood episode in SAD. Interestingly, the possible symptoms combinations for a mixed episode was 37,001. The possible symptoms combinations for the diagnosis of schizophrenia has been slightly reduced in DSM-5 as compared with DSM-IV, but the reduction in the number of relevant combinations for the diagnosis of SAD has been impressive. This reduction was driven by the removal of mixed mood episodes in DSM-5. The possible combinations in SCZ, albeit not in SAD, were fewer than those required for the diagnosis of a MDE and a ME.

Discussion
The above results indicated that the diagnostic heterogeneity of psychotic disorders differed from that of mood disorders. SAD appeared to be the most heterogeneous disorder. DSM-5 criteria have limited the possible combinations of symptoms and have therefore improved the heterogeneity of SCZ and SAD, but not that of major mood disorders. The extent and the clinical implications of diagnostic heterogeneity in different psychotic and mood disorders remain to be elucidated by future research.
T104. PSYCHOTIC-LIKE EXPERIENCES AND PROBLEMATIC GAMING BEHAVIOR IN ONLINE GAME FORUMS
Authors: Santesteban-Echarri Olga , Goreis Andreas , Kafka Johanna X , Scharinger Christian , Addington Jean , Felnhofer Anna , Mossaheb Nilufar , Plener Paul L , Kothgassner Oswald D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Psychotic-like experiences (PLE) are reported in the general population, characterizing a non-clinical psychosis phenotype. Although those who report PLE have a higher probability of transitioning to psychosis, PLE are usually a transitory state, and most individuals will not transition to psychosis. However, PLE samples may experience symptoms such as social withdrawal, social anxiety, or social anhedonia. These symptoms may lead individuals with PLE to choose online gaming as a preferred means of social interaction.

Objective
This study aims to examine the relation between PLE and problematic online gaming.

Methods
An online questionnaire was posted in online game forums, on online fan-pages with German-speaking domains and in social media groups. Data from adolescents and young adults (14 to 30 years old; 55.4% males) from Austria and Germany (N=280) was analyzed. Measures: PLE were assessed with the Early Recognition Inventory based on the Interview for the Retrospective Assessment of the Onset of Schizophrenia (ERIraos); problematic gaming behavior was assessed with the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) adapted for online gaming; social anxiety was assessed with the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN); preference for online social interactions was assessed with the Preference for Online Social Interaction scale (POSI). Analyses: Problematic gaming behavior was divided into two groups based on the suggested cut-off point of ≥18 on the CIUS (i.e., ≥18 gaming disorder vs. ˂18 no gaming disorder). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed and adjusted for sex, age, gaming hours, POSI, and social anxiety.

Results
A total of 63 individuals reached the cutoff for a gaming disorder, while 217 did not reach the cutoff. The majority of subjects in the gaming disorder group were males, young adults (19–24 years old, M=23.1, SD=3.7), single, or had less than high school diploma. Individuals who experienced an increased amount of PLE had a higher probability of reaching the cut-off for a gaming disorder (AOR=1.35 [95% CI 1.19–1.53]). Males were three times as likely as females to have a gaming disorder.

Discussion
Results implicate a close relation between the phenomena of PLE and continued problematic gaming behavior.
T108. CASE REPORT OF A PATIENT WITH CATATONIA
Authors: Li Sin Gwen , Balakrishnan Tharmmambal 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Catatonia is a condition defined by the presence of marked psychomotor features that typically include decreased motor activity, decreased engagement or excessive or peculiar motor activity. It is frequently associated with schizophrenia, but also presents in individuals with mood disorders or other neurological or medical conditions.

Methods
We present the case of a 40 year old single Chinese female with borderline intellectual disability who was working as a sales assistant.
She presented to medical services with poor oral intake and 8kg weight loss over two months. There was transient fever over a day with a maximum of 38.1 C. No other physical symptoms were elicited.
There was a significant change in behaviour, with gradual decline in oral intake and decreased speech. She became more socially withdrawn and neglected self care, as a result she was unable to continue at work two weeks prior to presentation. There was no reported decreased mood, tearfulness or suicidality. She briefly expressed on different occasions that she was ‘already dead’, ‘lost all her blood’ and thought that food was poisoned. There were no reported hallucinations.
Mental state examination revealed a thin Chinese female who was staring blankly into space. She did not establish or maintain eye contact, nor did she respond to verbal or physical stimulation. There was minimal speech. She did not appear depressed. There was no stereotypy, mannerisms, echolalia, echopraxia, waxy flexibility or negativism.
Physical examination was unremarkable. Neurological examination in particular was normal.

Results
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging was unremarkable. Electroencephalogram studies showed bitemporal electrophysiologic abnormalities. Lumbar puncture Results: showed raised protein levels of 1.15G/L. Other investigations were essentially normal.
Working diagnosis was presumptive viral encephalitis, with catatonia.
For the catatonia, she was treated with lorazepam up to 6mg per day and had gradual improvement in her oral intake, speech and behaviour. She revealed later that she was stressed at work. She did not fulfil criteria for Major Depressive Disorder or Schizophrenia. She was discharged after six weeks of her initial presentation to medical services.

Discussion
Catatonia can be the main presenting symptom following psychosocial stress.
T118. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON OUTCOMES OF INDIVIDUALS WITH FIRST HOSPITALIZATION AND PSYCHOSIS SPECTRUM DISORDER DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Fiori Nastro Federico , Pelle Martina , Di Michele Flavia , Talamo Alessandra , Niolu Cinzia , Siracusano Alberto 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Acute psychosis is one of the most frequent causes of hospital admission. One of the major challenges is how to manage with negative symptoms. Clinical efficacy of treatment of patients at their first hospitalization has been evaluated in several studies.
We carried out a cross sectional study focusing on the different outcomes considering the clinical relevance of positive and negative symptoms.

Methods
We analyzed all the admissions and discharges of patients at their first psychiatric hospitalization after psychosis onset (diagnosed with ICD-9 criteria) in our inpatient psychiatric acute unit of Policlinico Tor Vergata, (located in a suburb of Rome) considering the period of time between January 2017 and September 2019. We characterized all patients according to age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, substance use/abuse, violent behaviours, voluntary or compulsory treatment, length of hospitalization and use of long acting injection (LAI). We included 73 patients (out of 626 admissions, 12%) with a diagnosis of spectrum psychosis disorder at first hospitalization.
We used items 10–11 and 16–17 from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) to obtain two groups of patients with different clinical features. Based on the score of these items, patients were divided into two groups: group One characterized by prevalent positive symptomatology and group Two characterized by negative symptoms. Then, we compared clinical outcomes through BPRS, days of Hospital stay and Clinical Global Impression at the end of the hospitalization.

Results
In our study we found out that patients with BPRS prevalent negative symptoms had longer hospital stays (mean 17.29 days); patients with BPRS positive prevalent symptoms had a mean stay of 15 days. Group Two patients used LAI treatment less frequently (37% of the times) compared to group One, which was treated with LAI 63% of the cases. At discharge, group Two had still higher scores in the Global Improvement Scale compared to group One.

Discussion
Our study confirms that the use of antipsychotic therapy does not improve negative symptoms. Moreover, psychosis characterized by negative symptoms has a worse outcomes. Furthermore, considering their first hospitalization, it is interesting to note that our participants’ mean age was 37.98 years old, much higher than the one reported in literature. Since our Hospital is located in a very peripheral area of Rome, where social disadvantage represents a critical issue, we hypothesized different reasons to explain this data such as lower level of education, marginalization and socioeconomic adversity that might increase difficulties to access to health care services. In conclusion, further studies are needed to find more useful and alternative treatments and to deepen relationship between sociodemographic context and the time of their first psychiatric assessment.