bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans: key modulators of neuronal plasticity, long-term memory, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric disorders
Authors: Yang Xin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are large groups of heterogenous proteoglycans that are mainly expressed by reactive astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). They share similar core proteins and are post-transcriptionally modified by chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans. CSPGs are the major components of the perineuronal nets (PNN) that regulate the opening and closure of the critical period. Mounting reports have documented the crucial roles of CSPGs in restricting neuronal plasticity, axonal growth, and pathfinding during development as well as axonal regeneration after CNS injury. Moreover, CSPGs and PNNs modulate long-term memory, which impairments frequently happened in several neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. This review will shortly introduce the expression patterns of CSPGs during development and after injury, the PNNs constitutions, the roles of CSPGs and PNNs in axonal regrowth, discuss the most recently identified roles of CSPGs and PNNs in mediating long-term memory and their correlation with brain disorders, and finally, propose a short perspective of future investigations. Hopefully, further explorations may validate the therapeutic potentials of PNNs and CSPGs.
How Cassirer explains myth and other symbolic forms through semiotic functions
Authors: Algooneh Juenghani Masoud 
Published: February 2020

AbstractErnst Cassirer (1874–1945), Neo-Kantian philosopher of Marburg school, studies myth as a component of symbolic forms. He considers myth as the cornerstone of philosophy of culture as well as the source of such other forms as language, religion, art and science. Cassirer, applying an epistemological approach towards myths and other realms of human culture, argues that human beings experience the world through a mediated process. Of course, this mediated encounter with the world has different aspects in the evolving course of culture. These aspects are completely dependent upon the symbolic form through which man experiences his world. However, it seems what Cassirer puts forth as an explanation of the cultural evolution of mankind is basically influenced by his semiotic viewpoints. Therefore, the present article tries to find the theoretical resources of Cassirer’s thought and analyze his reasoning in this regard. Emphasizing Cassirer’s theoretical assumptions as well as his methodology, we have tried to better understand his claims about myth and other symbolic forms. It has been revealed that Cassirer’s theory is mainly shaped by his particular models of semiotic functions. Analyzing the semiotic functions of each specific form indicates that Cassirer has differentiated three independent functions. Each of these functions works on an expressive,Ausdrucken.representative,Darstellungen.or signifyingBedeutungen.basis and is respectively correspondent with myth, language, and science.
The Effect of Crystalline Microstructure of PVDF Binder on Mechanical and Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries Cathode
Authors: Loghavi Mohammad Mohsen , Bahadorikhalili Saeed , Lari Najme , Moghim Mohammad Hadi , Babaiee Mohsen , Eqra Rahim 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of the crystalline microstructures of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), as cathode binder, on mechanical and electrochemical properties of the cathode, and on the cell performance is investigated. The crystalline phases of the PVDF films prepared at different temperatures are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and also mechanical strength of PVDF films evaluated by a tensile test. The cathodes were prepared at altered temperatures to achieve different PVDF phases. The effect of various crystalline phases on the cathode performance was studied. The obtained cathodes were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle measurement, and adhesion test. The electrochemical performance of the cathodes was evaluated by charge-discharge cycling test and AC impedance spectroscopy. Mechanical tests results showed that the cathode which is prepared at 60 °C has the best adhesion and mechanical stability. In addition, the charge-discharge cycling studies showed that this cathode has the highest capacity efficiency. AC impedance spectroscopy illustrated that this electrode has the lowest charge transfer resistance and SEI resistance.
Comparison between Soil Abrasion Test (SAT) and Soil Abrasion Index (SAI)
Authors: Rostami Jamal , Alavi Ehsan , Hu Wei , Dahl Filip 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The performance of soft-ground tunnel boring machines can be significantly impacted by soil abrasivity. During the last decade, several soil abrasion testing systems have been developed to characterize abrasivity of various soil mixes in different conditions. This article discusses the comparison between the results of a Soil Abrasion Test (SAT) developed by Stiftelsen for Industriell og Teknisk Forskning (SINTEF)/Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and the Soil Abrasion Index (SAI) testing system developed by the authors. The reason for this comparison is the availability of SAT results for a few tunneling projects that were constructed in recent years. Obtaining any relationship or correlation between the SAI and SAT will allow the use of some of the machine field performance data to evaluate the ability of SAI in predicting the wear on these machines. The study of SAT has been conducted on the testing device designed and fabricated based on the original specifications of NTNU. The study was designed to evaluate the sensitivity of the SAT testing system to some of the controlling parameters and testing procedures as compared to the SAI test. This article summarizes the result of a series of specially designed tests to evaluate the impact of various testing parameters on SAT results as well as a comparison of the results between the two tests.
Pits and CtBP Control Tissue Growth in Drosophila melanogaster with the Hippo Pathway Transcription Repressor Tgi
Authors: Vissers Joseph H A , Dent Lucas G , House Colin M , Kondo Shu , Harvey Kieran F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling network that regulates organ size, cell fate, and tumorigenesis. In the context of organ size control, the pathway incorporates a large variety of cellular cues, such as cell polarity and adhesion, into an integrated transcriptional response. The central Hippo signaling effector is the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie, which controls gene expression in partnership with different transcription factors, most notably Scalloped. When it is not activated by Yorkie, Scalloped can act as a repressor of transcription, at least in part due to its interaction with the corepressor protein Tgi. The mechanism by which Tgi represses transcription is incompletely understood, and therefore we sought to identify proteins that potentially operate together with Tgi. Using an affinity purification and mass-spectrometry approach we identified Pits and CtBP as Tgi-interacting proteins, both of which have been linked to transcriptional repression. Both Pits and CtBP were required for Tgi to suppress the growth of the Drosophila melanogaster eye and CtBP loss suppressed the undergrowth of yorkie mutant eye tissue. Furthermore, as reported previously for Tgi, overexpression of Pits repressed transcription of Hippo pathway target genes. These findings suggest that Tgi might operate together with Pits and CtBP to repress transcription of genes that normally promote tissue growth. The human orthologs of Tgi, CtBP, and Pits (VGLL4, CTBP2, and IRF2BP2) have previously been shown to physically and functionally interact to control transcription, implying that the mechanism by which these proteins control transcriptional repression is conserved throughout evolution.
Automated Border Control: Criminalizing the “Hidden Intent” of Migrant Embodiment
Authors: Schaeffer Felicity Amaya 
Published: February 2020

I argue that we are entering an automated era of border control that I label a border-biosecurity industrial complex. Funded in great part by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), scientific research and automated surveillance technologies promise the state innovative and supposedly unbiased solutions to the challenge of border control and security. This article spotlights a border surveillance technology called AVATAR (Automated Virtual Agent for Truth Assessment in Real-Time).
Analyzing this technology, which was funded by the DHS and developed by faculty at the University of Arizona’s National Center for Border Security and Immigration (BORDERS), allows me to assess how the emphasis on novel technologies to detect terrorists unleashes the search for ubiquitous surveillance devices programmed to detect deviant behavioral and physiological movements. I offer a wider view of this technology-in-the-making by analyzing how university research in aerial defense, the psychology of deception, the life sciences, and computer engineering influences the development of surveillance devices and techniques.
I explore how, during a posthuman era, automated technologies detect and racialize “suspect life” under the guise of scientific neutrality and supposedly free from human interference. Suspect life refers to the racial bias preprogrammed into algorithms that compute danger or risk into certain human movements and regions such as border zones. As these technologies turn the body into matter, they present biological life as a more scientifically verifiable truth than human verbal testimony, moving border control from the adjudication of law through the subjective interview to the automated body that speaks a truth more powerful than a complex story can tell.
Respon Komunitas Paradise Striver terhadap Dakwah Ustadz Rizal Fadli Nurhadi (Abu Takeru)
Authors: Trisna Neng Rita , Saepuloh Uwoh , Rahman Encep Taufik 
Published: February 2020

Abstrak
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon perhatian, pengertian, dan penerimaan Komunitas Paradise Striver terhadap dakwah Abu Takeru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner diisi oleh responden yang bertindak sebagai anggota Komunitas. Pengambilan sampel sebanyak 50 responden, diambil menggunakan rumus Taro Yamane. Hasil penelitian respon perhatian, pengertian, dan penerimaan Komunitas Paradise Striver terhadap Dakwah Abu Takeru, menghasilkan hipotesis Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Variabel x memiliki respon positif terhadap variabel y. Perhitungan Analisis Path (Koefisien Determinasi) menghasilkan R2 sebesar 0,612 atau sebesar 61,2%. Hal ini menunjukan tingkat signifikansi yang kuat dengan persentase sumbangan respon variabel x, dan variabel y sebesar 61,2%. Sedangkan sisanya 38,8% dipengaruhi atau dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti oleh peneliti.
This paper aims to determine the response of attention, understanding, and acceptance of the Paradise Striver Community towards the mission of Abu Takeru. In this research, the method used is descriptive method using quantitative approach. The study used questionnaire as the instrument filled out by respondents who are members of the community. Sampling of 50 respondents was taken by using the Taro Yamane formula. shows that the hypothesis Ha was accepted while Ho was rejected. The variable x has a positive response to the variable y. The results of the calculation of Path Analysis (Coefficient of etermination) produces R2 of 0.612 or 61.2%. This shows a high significance level with the percentage of response contribution of variable x, and variable y at 61.2% meanwhile, the remaining of 38.8% are in fluenced or explained by other variables that are not examined by the researcher.
تعليم المفردات بأسلوب المحادثة التصويرية بمدرسة "نور الإسلام" الابتدائية الإسلامية بسيدوأرجو
Authors: Ahmala Majidatun 
Published: February 2020

The strategy used by the teacher is the teacher’s efforts to make learning activities more active and effective. Therefore, a pictorial conversation strategy is chosen to make the learning activities can be planned in detail by utilizing the experience, stimuli and senses of students who are able to bring the student’s imagination to the new vocabulary they have learned. Thus, this strategy can be a means for teachers and students to expand all innovation, creativity and freedom of expression of the forms of conversation that students want to give the new vocabulary to be learned. This study uses the Classroom Action Research method with the following steps; (1) Observation; (2) design of teaching plans; (3) implementation; (4) supervision; (5) reflection; (6) evaluation. This research was conducted in Nurul Islam elementary school in Sukodono-Sidoarjo, East Java. The purpose of this study is, (1) to uncover the pictorial conversation strategy in solving problems of students who have difficulty in remembering the vocabulary that has been learned; (2) fostering interest in reading and speaking in Arabic, because this strategy is equipped with images that will attract student’s attention, and (3) knowing how effective this strategy can be used in the world of education, especially in the process of learning Arabic.
فعالية استخدام كتاب مدارج الدروس العربية في تنمية مهارة الاستماع لدى طلاب معهد أمانة الأمة الإسلامي فاجت موجوكرطا
Authors: Hafidz Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

This study stems from the problems experienced by the Arabic language teacher in the Amanatul Ummah Pacet Islamic Boarding School. Listening skill is one of the most important language skills, because this skill is the basic skill in communication. Through istening skills, students will get a lot of vocabularies, learns patterns of sentences and structures, receives ideas and concepts, and acquires other skills of language, speaking, reading and writing. Therefore, the researcher wanted to know the effectiveness of the Madarij durus Arabiyah book of Sheikh Mohammed Basri Alawi on students’ listening skill. The methodology of this researchis experimental with pre-test and post-test in one group. And the result of this research indicate that Madarij Durus Arabiyah book is effective inimproving students’ listening abilities, students’ score before using Madarij Durus Arabiyah is 63and after using this book, students’ grade have increased to 96, then this increase is very good level.
METODE TA’BIR ASH-SHUWAR AL-‘ASYWAI: INOVASI PEMBELAJARAN MAHARAH KALAM MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BAHASA ARAB IAIN MADURA
Authors: Bariyah Khoirul , Muassomah Muassomah 
Published: February 2020

Maharah kalam (Keterampilan berbicara) adalah kemampuan mengungkapkan bunyi-bunyi artikulasi atau kata-kata untuk mengekspresikan pikiran berupa ide, pendapat, keinginan, atau perasaan secara lisan kepada mitra pembicara. Maharah kalam dalam konteks Bahasa arab merupakan salah satu keterampilan yang menjadi dasar utama dalam Bahasa Arab, sehingga mahasiswa wajib menguasainya. Namun, sebagian besar mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan dalam berbicara Bahasa Arab yang mayoritas disebabkan oleh faktor ketidak percayaan diri mereka dalam berbicara Bahasa arab, kurangnya penguasaan mufrodat, dan lain sebagainya. Oleh karena itu, sebagai pengajar harus menguasai berbagai metode dan menggunakan beberapa metode agar pembelajaran menjadi efektif, salah satunya menggunakan metode Ta’bir Ash-Shuwar Al-‘Asywai atau dikenal dengan metode story telling menggunakan media gambar seri. Yang mana metode tersebut yaitu metode yang mendiskripsikan atau menceritakan gambar yang telah di susun dari gambar yang di acak. dan sesuai dengan observasi yang dilakukan oleh peneliti, bahwa dengan metode dan media ynag diterapkan oleh peneliti terhadap mahasiswa semester III Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Aarab di IAIN Madura dapat meningkatkan ketrampilan berbicara dan meningkatkan minat mereka dalam pembelajaran maharaha kalam.
COMPARATISM AND ORGANICISM IN THE CRUCIBLE OF THE EUROPEAN JURISPRUDENCES. A JUSNATURALIST UROBOROS ON AN ENDLESS COLIMASON
Authors: Ciucă Valerius M. 
Published: February 2020

MOTTO:1. Le comparatisme est véritablement analytique seulement sur le terrain fondamental des sources sapientogenes de tous les systèmes de droit (Valerius M.C.)2. Ignea quin etiam superum pater arma recondit, / Et Ganimedeae repetens convivia mensae / Pocula sumit ea qua gessit fulmina dextra. In memoriam Prof.dr.doc. Marțian Cotrău, son of Bihor County, an outstanding personality of Iași
INCAPACITY OF PARTIES AND INVALIDITY OF ARBITRATION AGREEMENT AS GROUNDS FOR REFUSING RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT IN KUWAIT
Authors: Badah Saad 
Published: February 2020

Arbitration agreement is one of the widely discussed laws of contract in law. Each and every country has specific rules and regulation which government had rules which govern the arbitration contract between the citizens and between the nation and other nations. Kuwait is one of such countries and it has faces a lot of challenges what it comes to arbitration law and sharia law until the time when New York Convention was incorporated and ratified in the process of administering justice in the Kuwait. The enforcement of the awards specifically has brought challenges until the NYC provided the grounds under which the enforcement of the awards may be rejected. The main objective of this paper is to discuss whether Incapacity of Parties and Invalidity of Arbitration Agreement as sufficient Grounds for Refusing Recognition and Enforcement in Kuwait. The paper is divided into five sections with first section giving introduction and definition of what is arbitration, the second part discusses the finality of the awards, thirdly it discuses the finality of the awards, fourthly the paper discuses the rejection of enforcement due to invalidity and incapacity and lastly the paper discusses the position of NYC position on the sufficiency of invalidity and incapacity as enough proof for non-enforcement and recognition of arbitration agreement as a result of invalidity and incapacity be for concludes with conclusion.
ESTIMASI DOSIS Tc-99m GLUTATION UNTUK DIAGNOSA KANKER KEPALA DAN LEHER BERDASARKAN UJI BIODISTRIBUSI HEWAN MODEL MENCIT
Authors: Intokiyah Durotul , Wibawa Teguh Hafiz Ambar , Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Hidayati Nur Rahmah , Daruwati Isti , Perkasa Yudha Satya 
Published: March 2020

99mTc-GSH merupakan radiofarmaka untuk mendeteksi kanker leher dan kepala. Kanker kepala dan leher terbentuk pada jaringan atau organ yang terdapat di area kepala dan leher seperti kanker hipofaring, kanker telinga, kanker kelenjar saliva, kanker mata, kanker laring, dan kanker kelenjar tiroid. Glutataion(GSH) memiliki molekul yang kecil sehingga dapat berpenetrasi dengan baik didalam saluran kapiler yang mengalami inflamasi, kanker payudara serta kanker kepala dan tumor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui estimasi dosis organ radiofarmaka 99mTc-GSH pada manusia berbasis uji biodistribusi hewan model mencit. Uji kemurnian 99mTc-GSH dilakukan dengan menggunakan kertas kromatografi lapis tipis TLC-SG dengan fase gerak aseton kering dan larutan NaCl 0.9%. Dari hasil uji didapatkan kemurnian radiokimia sebesar 99.60 ± 0.07 %. Penelitian dilakukan pada 4 kelompok mencit dengan tiap kelompok sebanyak 3 ekor mencit. Setelah dilakukan injeksi secara intravena sebanyak 3 μCi/mL dilakukan uji biodistribusi dengan 2, 4, 6 dan 24 jam pasca injeksi dengan organ yang diteliti adalah kulit, otot, tulang, darah, usus, hati, limpa, jantung, ginjal, lambung, paru-paru, kantung kemih, dan otak. Hasil uji bidodistribusi yang diperoleh berbentuk persentase dosis injeksi per gram organ hewan, kemudian dikonversi ke persentase dosis injeksi per gram organ manusia. Hasil konversi digunakan sebagai input pada software OLINDA/EXM, menghasilkan residence time yang dapat digunakan sebagai basis perhitungan estimasi dosis 99mTc-GSH. Hasil estimasi dosis yang diperoleh adalah dosis efektif total 1,14x10-3 mSv/MBq untuk pria dan 1.34 x10-3 mSv/MBq untuk wanita. Distribusi dosis organ pada manusia yang terbesar untuk pria adalah dan ginjal 3.05 x10-4 mSv/MBq sedangkan untuk wanita adalah ginjal 3.32 x10-4 mSv/MBq. Hasil estimasi dosis ini dapat digunakan sebagai panduan dosis injeksi, namun perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut agar didapatkan estimasi dosis yang tepat.
Carbon dioxide elimination pattern at cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with low ejection fraction value
Authors: Kamenskaya O. V. , Loginova I. Yu. , Chernyavskiy A. M. , Doronin D. V. , Lomivorotov V. V. 
Published: February 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate partial pressure of end tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) over time on exertion (E) and its predictive value in evaluation of risk of unfavorable outcome in patients with low ejection fraction (EF) value.Materials and Methods. Patients (n = 53) with pronounced chronic heart failure (CHF), included in heart transplantation waiting list, were enrolled in the prospective study. All patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Mortality or INCOR left ventricle bypass system implantation according to vital indications within 1 year of follow-up were evaluated as an end-point.Results. Patients with CHF and low EF were characterized by low parameters of E tolerance and peak oxygen consumption (10.4 (9.6–11.7) ml/min/kg). The average PetCO2 level by group was 30.4 (28.3–33.0) mm Hg; in 32% of patients this value decreased or did not change in CPET compared with that in resting state. The significant relationship between increased risk of unfavorable outcome within 1 year of follow-up with low baseline PetCO2 value (odds ratio (OR) – 0.22 (0.05–0.87); p = 0.020) and absence of its increment in PE (OR – 0.16 (0.10–0.54); p = 0.009) was observed.Conclusion. The significant predictive factors of unfavorable outcome within 1 year of follow-up in patients with pronounced CHF and low EF include PetCO2 value in resting state, as well as PetCO2 change over time after E challenge.
Metaplastic breast carcinoma with chondrosarcomatous differentiation: an unusual disease with a worse prognosis
Authors: Lalhruaizela Samuel , Mehra Bhupendra 
Published: February 2020

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) has an incidence of <1% of all breast cancers and MBC with chondrosarcomatous differentiation is even more rare, <0.1% of all cases. The World Health Organization have classified MBC into pure epithelial-type and mixed epithelial and mesenchymal type. The epithelial-type MBC is sub-classified into squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with spindle cell differentiation; mixed type MBC is sub-classified into carcinosarcoma and carcinoma with osseous and chondroid metaplasia. Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast are characterized by large tumour size and rapid growth, and they are usually estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2/neu negative and tend to have a worse prognosis than other triple negative breast cancers. There is a noteworthy increased risk of tumour recurrence and a worse prognosis with MBC compared with invasive lobular carcinoma and infiltrating duct carcinoma. We report a case of metaplastic carcinoma with extensive chondroid differentiation that is chondrosarcoma and chondroid metaplasia along with classic infiltrating duct carcinoma with involvement of ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes.