bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air pollution as a contributor to the inflammatory activity of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cortese Andrea , Lova Luca , Comoli Patrizia , Volpe Elisabetta , Villa Silvia , Mallucci Giulia , La Salvia Sabrina , Romani Alfredo , Franciotta Diego , Bollati Valentina , Basso Sabrina , Guido Ilaria , Quartuccio Giuseppe , Battistini Luca , Cereda Cristina , Bergamaschi Roberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveAir pollution has been recently identified as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. Aim of this study was to investigate the immunological mechanism underlying the clinical association between air pollution, namely exposure to particulate matter 10 (PM10), and inflammatory activity of multiple sclerosis (MS)MethodsDaily recording of PM10 was obtained by monitors depending on the residence of subjects. Expression of molecules involved in activation, adhesion, and migration of T lymphocytes were tested by flow cytometry in 57 MS patients and 19 healthy controls. We next assessed in vitro the effect of PM10 on expression of C-C chemokine receptors 6 (CCR6) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), on cytokine production by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mdDC), and on T cell polarization in PBMC/mdDC mixed cultures.ResultsWe identified a significant correlation between mean PM10 levels and expression of CCR6 CD4+ T circulating cells in MS patients. This was paralleled by the observation in vitro of a higher level of CCR6 expression on PBMC following treatment with increased doses of particulate matter. Moreover, in mdDC cultures, particulate matter induced the secretion by mdDC of Th17 polarizing IL1 beta, IL6, and IL23 and, in mdDC/PBMC mixed cultures, enhanced generation of IL17-producing T cells.ConclusionsEx vivo and in vitro studies support the pro-inflammatory role of PM in MS, by upregulating expression of CCR6 on circulating CD4+ T cells and inducing in innate immune cells the production of Th17 polarizing cytokines. Therefore, we speculate that in MS respiratory exposure to PM10 may induce the production in the lung of autoreactive Th17 lymphocytes and boost their migratory properties through the blood-brain barrier.
Bilateral pulmonary embolism while receiving tranexamic acid: a case report
Authors: Ijaopo Ezekiel Oluwasayo , Ijaopo Ruth Oluwasolape , Adjei Sampson 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe present a case of a suspected tranexamic acid–related bilateral pulmonary embolism in a healthy and active middle-aged woman who was receiving tranexamic acid for menorrhagia with no other known significant risk factors for thromboembolism.Case presentationA 46-year-old Asian woman who was usually fit and well with no remarkable past medical history except for menorrhagia of 1-year duration for which she was receiving tranexamic acid presented to our accident and emergency department with a 2-week history of intermittent pleuritic central chest pain. She was reviewed and discharged to home with a diagnosis of musculoskeletal pain on two hospital visits because she had no significant risk factors for thromboembolism and her workup investigation results for pulmonary embolism and other differential diagnoses were largely unremarkable. On her third visit to the emergency ambulatory clinic with recurring symptoms of pleuritic chest pain, a pulmonary computed tomographic angiogram confirmed bilateral subsegmental pulmonary embolism.ConclusionThis case report reinforces the possible increased risk of thromboembolism in patients receiving tranexamic acid.
The role of antifungals in the management of patients with severe asthma
Authors: Rapeport W. Garth , Ito Kazuhiro , Denning David W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In patients with asthma, the inhalation of elevated amounts of fungal spores and hyphae may precipitate the onset of asthma or worsen control to the extent of being life-threatening. Sensitisation to fungi, especially Aspergillus fumigatus, is found in 15% to 48% of asthmatics in secondary care and is linked to worse asthma control, hospitalisation, bronchiectasis and fixed airflow obstruction, irrespective of whether allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is diagnosed. ABPA represents a florid response to the presence of Aspergillus spp. but up to 70% of patients with severe asthma exhibit sensitisation to different fungi without meeting the diagnostic criteria for ABPA. The presence of persistent endobronchial colonisation with fungi, especially A. fumigatus, is linked to significantly higher rates of radiological abnormalities, lower post-bronchodilator FEV1 and significantly less reversibility to short acting bronchodilators. The therapeutic benefit for antifungal intervention in severe asthma is based on the assumption that reductions in airway fungal burden may result in improvements in asthma control, lung function and symptoms (especially cough). This contention is supported by several prospective studies which demonstrate the effectiveness of antifungals for the treatment of ABPA. Significantly, these studies confirm lower toxicity of treatment with azoles versus high dose oral corticosteroid dosing regimens for ABPA. Here we review recent evidence for the role of fungi in the progression of severe asthma and provide recommendations for the use of antifungal agents in patients with severe asthma, airways fungal infection (mycosis) and fungal colonisation. Documenting fungal airways colonisation and sensitisation in those with severe asthma opens up alternative therapy options of antifungal therapy, which may be particularly valuable in low resource settings.
Influence of maternal diet on offspring survivorship, growth, and reproduction in a sheetweb spider
Authors: Wen Lelei , Zhang Zengtao , Zhang Shichang , Liu Fengxiang , Jiao Xiaoguo , Li Daiqin 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Prey vary dramatically in quality, and maternal diet is generally assumed to substantially influence offspring survivorship, growth, and reproduction in spiders. Numerous studies that have tested this hypothesis have focused exclusively on parental generation or have considered relatively few fitness components of juvenile offspring. However, maternal diet may have a substantial effect on fitness performance beyond juvenile offspring. Here, we investigated the influence of one-time maternal feeding on multiple offspring fitness components, including the survival rate and growth of juvenile offspring as well as the mating and reproductive success of adult offspring in Hylyphantes graminicola, a sheetweb spider with an extremely short lifespan (∼1 month). We fed field-collected adult female spiders two different diets only once immediately before oviposition: midges (Tendipes sp.) only (MO) or flies (Drosophila melanogaster) only (FO). Juvenile offspring of MO females had significantly higher survival rate, faster growth, and larger male size at maturity than FO offspring. Although maternal diet did not significantly influence mating behavior or fecundity of female offspring overall, those of MO females laid eggs earlier and their eggs also hatched earlier and had a higher hatching rate than those of FO females. Intriguingly, one-time maternal feeding was sufficient to have such an influence on offspring fitness even beyond juvenile offspring in H. graminicola. This one-time maternal effect may be widespread in other spiders and other invertebrates with a short lifespan.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The Design of Tetradentate Ligands for Beryllium Encapsulation
Authors: Buchanan Jenna K , Plieger Paul G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ligands which incorporate second-sphere intramolecular hydrogen bonding show potential for enhancing selectivity and binding strength for beryllium. In this highlight review, recent advances in the design of tetradentate ligands to selectively bind beryllium are discussed, as is the use of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and 9Be nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as tools for the analysis of beryllium coordination compounds.
How Sleep Impacts Performance in Youth Athletes
Authors: Riederer Mark F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sleep is an important aspect in the recovery and performance in athletes. Recently, there has been increasing interest in exploring the various affects that sleep has on performance in athletes. Youth athletes represent a unique population in that not only do they have demands in training schedules and training load, but they also have demands in academics. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that youth athletes do not get the recommended required amount of sleep and that this has negatively affected performance and well-being. The focus of this article is to review the most recent literature over the past year that investigates the impact of sleep on youth performance.
Ultrasound in Trauma and Other Acute Conditions in Sports, Part I
Authors: Hahn Marlee , Ray Jeremiah , Hall Mederic M. , Coe Ian , Situ-LaCasse Elaine , Waterbrook Anna L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe utility of ultrasound in sports medicine is improving the sports medicine physician's ability to rapidly diagnose and treat a multitude of sports related pathologies. In this article, we clearly outline the current status of the evidence in support of using sports ultrasound in the setting of acute abdominal and thoracic trauma, acute lung illness, limited cardiac evaluation of a collapsed athlete, volume status assessment, and fracture evaluation.
A review of paediatric soft tissues masses referred to a tertiary musculoskeletal sarcoma centre
Authors: Reid Catriona , Saifuddin Asif 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To determine the differential diagnosis of musculoskeletal soft tissue masses in children referred to a specialist musculoskeletal oncology unit.

Methods:
All children (0–18 y) referred to a specialist musculoskeletal oncology unit over a 20-month period (September 2018–May 2020) were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data and referral diagnoses were obtained from the electronic patient notes. MRI findings and histopathological results were recorded. The comparison of non-neoplastic, benign neoplastic and malignant diagnoses at the point of referral and final diagnosis was determined.

Results:
116 patients were included, 60 (51.7%) males and 56 (48.3%) females with mean age of 10.6 years (3 months–18 years). 69 (59.5%) patients were referred with a suspected sarcoma, 29 (25.0%) with a suspected benign tumour and 18 (15.5%) with a non-neoplastic lesion. A diagnosis was achieved by histological assessment in 61 (52.6%) cases, microbiological assessment in 3 (2.6%) or clinical and imaging assessment in 52 (44.8%). 67 (57.8%) cases had non-neoplastic pathology, 39 (33.6%) a benign tumour, 4 (3.4%) an intermediate-grade tumour, 6 (5.2%) a malignant tumour.

Conclusions:
Although over half of children referred to a specialist musculoskeletal oncology unit were suspected of having a soft tissue sarcoma at referral, only 5.2% were diagnosed with a malignant tumour.

Advances in knowledge:
Approximately, 6 of 69 (8.7%) children referred to a specialist musculoskeletal oncology unit with a suspected soft tissue sarcoma will have a malignant lesion. Most paediatric soft tissue masses are non-neoplastic, the commonest diagnosis being a vascular malformation.
A funerary inscription of Chilbudius, magister militum per Thraciam?
Authors: KARDARAS George , CHARALAMPAKIS Pantelis 
Published: November 2020

Επιτύμβια επιγραφή του Χιλβούδιου, magister militum per Thraciam? Στηριζόμενοι στη σύντομη μαρτυρία του Προκόπιου για τον στρατηγό της Θράκης Χιλβούδιο (περ.530-533), η οποία διαφωτίζει τη σχέση του με τον οίκο του Ιουστινιανού και τις στρατιωτικές του ικανότητες, οι συγγραφείς εξετάζουν μία χαμένη επιτύμβια επιγραφή από την Κωνσταντινούπολη (“ΕΝΘΑΔΕ ΚΑΤΑ ΚΕΙΤΕ ΧΙΛΙΒΟΥΔΙC ΙΥΟC CΑΝΒΑΤΙΟΥ ΤΕΛΕΥΤΑ ΜΗΝΙ ΝΟΕΝΒΡΙΟΥ ΚΗ ΙΝΔΣΖ ΓΑΜΕΤΗ ΧΙ + ΛΙΒΟΥΔΙΟΥ). Δίνεται έμφαση σε γλωσσολογικά ζητήματα σχετικά με το όνομα Χιλβούδιος καθώς και τη χρονολόγηση της επιγραφής. Οι συγγραφείς αποδέχονται την αντική καταγωγή του Χιλβούδιου, αν και το όνομά του είναι μάλλον γερμανικό, και ότι υιοθετήθηκε από τον Σαββάτιο/Ιουστινιανό πριν από την άνοδο του τελευταίου στο θρόνο. Το γεγονός αυτό, σε συνάρτηση με την προτεινόμενη χρονολόγηση της επιγραφής το έτος 532/33, οδηγεί τους συγγραφείς στο συμπέρασμα ότι η επιγραφή είναι πολύ πιθανό να σχετίζεται με τον Χιλβούδιο magister militum per Thraciam.
Effect of living arrangement on anthropometric traits in first-year university students from Canada: The GENEiUS study
Authors: Sharma Tanmay , Langlois Christine , Morassut Rita E. , Meyre David 
Published: November 2020

Background
The transition to university often involves a change in living arrangement for many first-year students. While weight gain during first year of university has been well documented, Canadian literature on the impact of living arrangement within this context is limited. The objective of this investigation was to explore the effect of living arrangement on anthropometric traits in first-year university students from Ontario, Canada.

Methods
244 first-year undergraduate students were followed longitudinally with data collected early in the academic year and towards the end of the year. Anthropometric parameters including weight, waist and hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were examined. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for pairwise comparison of traits from the beginning to end the year in the absence of adjustments. Additionally, linear regression models with covariate adjustments were used to investigate effect of the type of living arrangement (i.e. on-campus, off-campus, or family home) on the aforementioned traits.

Results
In the overall sample, a significant weight increase of 1.55kg (95% CI: 1.24–1.86) was observed over the school year (p<0.001), which was also accompanied by significant gains in BMI, and waist and hip circumferences (p<0.001). At baseline, no significant differences were found between people living on-campus, off-campus, and at home with family. Stratified analysis of change by type of living arrangement indicated significant gains across all traits among students living on-campus (p<0.05), and significant gains in weight and BMI among students living at home with family. Additionally, a comparison between living arrangements revealed that students living on campus experienced significantly larger gains in weight and BMI compared to students living off-campus (p<0.05).

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that living arrangement is associated with different weight gain trajectories in first-year university students.
Performance of a lymphocyte t interferon gamma test (Quantiferon-TB gold in tube) in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in HIV-infected children
Authors: Sanogo Bintou , Ouermi Alain Saga , Barro Makoura , Millogo Anselme , Ouattara Ad Bafa Ibrahim , Abdoul Salam Ouédraogo , Nacro Boubacar 
Published: November 2020

Objective
Evaluate the performance of QuantiFERON ® -TB Gold In-Tube test (QFT-GIT), to improve the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) in Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV)-infected children.

Method
Sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of QFT-GIT were assessed in 58/63 HIV-infected children who were suspected of having TB.

Results
Sensitivity of QFT-GIT was 20.69%, specificity 96.55%, PPV/NPV respectively 85.71% and 54.90%.

Conclusion
QFT-GIT appears to be of little contribution to the diagnosis of active TB in children living with HIV in a TB-endemic country.
Circulating inflammatory biomarkers and academic performance in adolescents: DADOS study
Authors: Adelantado-Renau Mireia , Beltran-Valls Maria Reyes , Mota Jorge , Moliner-Urdiales Diego 
Published: November 2020

Objective
The present study aimed (1) to examine the association between circulating inflammatory biomarkers and academic performance in adolescents, and (2) to identify the ability of circulating inflammatory biomarkers to predict low academic performance.

Methods
A total of 244 adolescents (13.9±0.3 years, 112 girls) from the DADOS study were included in the analysis. Four inflammatory biomarkers were quantified: white blood cell (WBC) count, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Academic performance was assessed through academic grades and the Spanish version of the Science Research Associates Test of Educational Abilities.

Results
TNF-α was inversely associated with math, Spanish and grade point average (β ranging from -0.166 to -0.124; all p<0.05), while CRP was inversely associated with verbal ability (β = -0.128; p<0.05). Overall, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analyses showed discriminatory ability of WBC and TNF-α in identifying low academic performance (all p<0.05). Moreover, logistic regression analyses indicated that students with levels of WBC and TNF-α above the ROC cut-offs values showed between 78% to 87% increased likelihood of lower academic performance (p<0.05).

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that some circulating inflammatory biomarkers were associated with academic performance in adolescents. Further larger longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to clarify the short-term and long-term relationship between inflammation and academic performance in youths.
The association of primary aldosteronism with glaucoma-related fundus abnormalities
Authors: Ohshima Yoshimi , Higashide Tomomi , Sakaguchi Kimikazu , Sasaki Makoto , Udagawa Sachiko , Ohkubo Shinji , Yoneda Takashi , Sugiyama Kazuhisa 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
To elucidate glaucoma-related fundus abnormalities in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA).

Methods
The study compared 272 eyes from 137 PA patients and 352 eyes from 177 control subjects selected randomly from 1173 participants of a public glaucoma screening. The presence of glaucomatous optic disc appearance (rim thinning and cup enlargement) and retinal nerve fiber layer defects (RNFLDs) was determined independently from fundus photographs. The results were compared between the PA and control groups.

Results
There were 9 patients (6.6%) with glaucomatous optic disc abnormalities in the PA group and 10 cases (5.6%) identified in the control group (p = 0.92). RNFLDs were detected more frequently in the PA group (55 eyes, 20.2%) than in the control group (26 eyes, 7.4%; p<0.001). The two types of RNFLDs were classified as either having their central ends at the disc margin (D) or away from the disc margin and around the retinal vessels (V). Type D and V RNFLDs were detected in 35 (12.9%) and 26 (9.6%) eyes in the PA group and in 25 (7.1%) and 4 (1.1%) eyes in the control group, respectively. Both types of RNFLDs were more frequent in the PA group than in the control group (Type D and V, p = 0.03, <0.001, respectively).

Conclusion
Although the prevalence of glaucomatous optic disc appearance did not differ between the two groups, RNFLDs were more frequent in PA patients than in the control group. Moreover, RNFLDs with their central ends located around retinal vessels were characteristic of PA patients.
Dinamika Kelembagaan Perhutanan Sosial di Wilayah Pehutani: Studi Kasus di KPH Telawa, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Raharjo S. Agung S. , Hastanti Baharinawati W. , Haryanti Nana 
Published: November 2020

Perhutanan Sosial pada awalnya merupakan inisiatif Perum Perhutani yang mulai diimplementasikan pada tahun 1972. Pada tahun 2017, ada perkembangan baru terkait Perhutanan Sosial di area Perhutani yang dipelopori oleh Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) melalui Izin Pemanfaatan Hutan Perhutanan Sosial (IPHPS). Karena inisiatif dari kementerian, sementara implementasi IPHPS ada di dalam Kawasan Perhutani, maka di lapangan terdapat implikasi-implikasi kelembagaan yang menarik untuk dikaji. Kajian ini menggambarkan dinamika kelembagaan Perhutanan Sosial di dalam kawasan Perum Perhutani setelah keluarnya kebijakan IPHPS. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data yang menggunakan studi literatur, wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data deskriptif dimaksudkan untuk memberikan gambaran dinamika kelembagaan sebelum dan setelah penerapan IPHPS. Tulisan ini difokuskan pada aspek kelembagaan pemerintah dan petani (yang menggarap perhutanan sosial) di level bawah (tanah garapan). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan struktur kelembagaan pemerintah di dalam program IPHPS lebih kompleks dibandingkan dengan program sebelumnya, yakni program Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM). Kelembagaan petani, di sisi lain, tidak terlalu banyak perbedaan, baik selama masa penerapan program PHBM maupun IPHPS. Kelembagaan petani masih belum mampu mandiri sehingga penguatan kelembagaan petani perlu menjadi prioritas
Mergers and digital transformation in Danish research libraries
Authors: Larsen Svend 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Danish Ministry of Culture and Danish universities have pursued a policy of consolidation of research libraries. The wish to benefit from economies of scale was an important factor. Sustainability was another factor, the point being that the consolidation of scattered library-professional competencies will establish a secure basis for the necessary development of new library services to higher education and research. A distinctive feature are mergers, and a significant result is the current Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library (RDL) which delivers service to five of the eight Danish universities. In this article, RDL’s strategy and governance are outlined.
Automatic synthesis of compliant forceps for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Sun Yilun , Xu Lingji , Zhang Dingzhi , Lueth Tim C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Due to its monolithic structure and high dexterity, the compliant mechanism becomes an emerging solution to miniaturize surgical forceps for minimally invasive procedures. However, it is complicated and inefficient to use traditional rigid-link-based kinematic method to synthesize compliant forceps. In this paper, we present a topology-optimization-based method to automatically synthesize compliant forceps for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS). The basic geometry modeling tool and the automatic synthesis algorithm were both implemented in Matlab. Several synthesis examples were presented to show the performance of the proposed method. The realized forceps and a continuum manipulator have been constructed and 3D-printed, which demonstrated the application of the automatic synthesis method in RMIS.
Development of a home-based wrist range-of-motion training system for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Mittag Christina , Leiss Regina , Lorenz Katharina , Seel Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the proof-of-concept of a home-based gamified wrist rehabilitation training system for children with cerebral palsy (CCP). We describe the user-centered design process of this system, which is composed of a wrist-worn inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a tangible device with an embedded IMU. The system employs a quaternion-based algorithm for automatic real-time estimation of the range of motion (RoM) covered by adduction/abduction and flexion/extension motions of the wrist. Experimental validation shows that the RoM can be determined with sufficient accuracy to control a game and that the algorithm is applicable in CCP. A serious game, which uses the presented algorithm and enables feedback as well as motivating stimuli, is implemented and evaluated by physiotherapists.