bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a new irrigant solution containing glycolic acid on smear layer removal and chemical/mechanical properties of dentin
Authors: Barcellos Débora Pereira Diniz Correia , Farina Ana Paula , Barcellos Ramiro , Souza Matheus Albino , Borba Márcia , Bedran-Russo Ana Karina , Bello Yuri Dal , Pimenta Vidal Cristina De Mattos , Cecchin Doglas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of glycolic acid (GA) (with pH 1.2 and 5) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the chemical and mechanical properties of dentin to investigate the potential use of GA as final irrigant in the root canal therapy. Specifically, changes in microhardness, smear layer removal, erosion, mineral content distribution, apatite/collagen ratio and flexural strength of mineralized dentin treated with GA were assessed. Saline solution was used as a negative control. Knoop microhardness (KHN) was measured on the root canal lumen of root segments. Dentin beams were used for 3-point flexural strength (σ) test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of root sections were obtained for evaluation of smear layer removal and dentin erosion on root segments and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used for mineral content distribution. The apatite/collagen ratio (A/C) in dentin powder were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. KHN, σ and A/C results were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Smear layer and dentin erosion scores were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). Root dentin treated with EDTA and GA presented similar KHN regardless of the pH (p > 0.05). However, KHN was significantly reduced in EDTA and GA groups when compared to control group (p<0.001). GA showed the same ability to remove the smear layer and to cause dentin erosion as EDTA. EDS results showed that the GA and EDTA solutions did not alter the dentin mineral content distribution. The apatite/collagen ratio reduced with all irrigant solution and was the lowest with GA pH 5 (p<0.001), while σ was not significantly affected by the experimental solutions (p = 0.559). It can be concluded that GA has similar ability to remove the smear layer than EDTA. GA does not affect negatively the chemical/mechanical properties and it does not increase dentin erosion. The use of GA with low pH seems to promote less change in collagen/apatite ratio, but further studies are needed to establish an ideal clinical protocol. Therefore, this study supports the potential use of GA as an alternative final irrigation solution for root canal preparation.
Understanding the synergistic effect of physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and their cellular entry pathways
Authors: Lin Jiaqi , Miao Lei , Zhong Grace , Lin Chih-Hsin , Dargazangy Roozbeh , Alexander-Katz Alfredo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGaining precise control over the cellular entry pathway of nanomaterials is key in achieving cytosolic delivery, accessing subcellular environments, and regulating toxicity. However, this precise control requires a fundamental understanding of the behavior of nanomaterials at the bio-nano interface. Herein, we report a computational study investigating the synergistic effect of several key physicochemical properties of nanomaterials on their cellular entry pathways. By examining interactions between monolayer-protected nanoparticles and model cell membranes in a three-dimensional parameter space of size, surface charge/pKa, and ligand chemistry, we observed four different types of nanoparticle translocation for cellular entry which are: outer wrapping, free translocation, inner attach, and embedment. Nanoparticle size, surface charge/pKa, and ligand chemistry each play a unique role in determining the outcome of translocation. Specifically, membrane local curvature induced by nanoparticles upon contact is critical for initiating the translocation process. A generalized paradigm is proposed to describe the fundamental mechanisms underlying the bio-nano interface.
The effect of TGFβ1 on thermogenic markers is dependent on the degree of adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Maharjan Babu R. , McLennan Susan V. , Twigg Stephen M. , Williams Paul F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) a multifunctional cytokine is known to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Although there is variable expression of modulators of TGFβ action during differentiation, a differential effect on fat cell metabolism at the different stages of adipocyte differentiation was unclear. In the present study, 3T3L1 cells were used as an in vitro model to study the effect of TGFβ on adipogenic and thermogenic markers at various stages of preadipocyte to mature adipocyte differentiation. As in our earlier studies on the effect of TGFβ on CEBP’s, we used a standard differentiation mix, and one with the addition of rosiglitazone. RhTGFβ1 was added to undifferentiated adipocytes (preadipocytes) and to adipocytes at day 0 (commitment stage) as well as day 10 (terminal differentiation). Cellular responses in terms of Pref1, PPARγ, TLE3, PGC1α, PRDM16, UCP1 and UCP2 mRNA levels and selected protein products, were determined. Increases in PPARγ, PRDM16, UCP1 and UCP2 mRNA and decreases in Pref1 are good indicators of successful differentiation. The early addition of rhTGFβ1 during commitment stage decreased PPARγ, PRDM16, TLE3, UCP1 and UCP2 mRNA and decreased PRDM16 protein consistent with our earlier report on the inhibition of CEBP’s by TGFβ and CCN2. The addition of rhTGFβ1 to mature adipocyte at day 10 increased UCP1 mRNA and increased PRDM16 and UCP1 proteins. In the present study, our results suggest that TGFβ1 added late enhances the thermogenic potential of mature cells and causes 3T3L1 cells to differentiate to resemble brown or beige rather than white adipose tissue.
Experimental analysis of the strands breaking characteristics of optical fibre composite overhead ground wire due to simulating lightning strike
Authors: Cai Li , Han Tianxi , Wang Jianguo , Xue Jian , Xu Fei , Zhou Mi , Fan Yadong 
Published: April 2020

With the increasing application of OPGW (optical fibre composite overhead ground wire) in power systems, the strands in OPGW are frequently broken due to lightning strikes. In this study, ten kinds of OPGW lightning‐strike tolerance was tested according to the IEC standards. The influences of the following factors, such as transfer charge, tensile force, the diameter and material of OPGW outer layer strands, were analysed. The transfer charge and tensile force are positively proportional to the degree of lightning strike damage to OPGW. The diameters of OPGW outer layer strands are positively related to the lightning strike tolerance of OPGW. Compared with OPGW with aluminium alloy outer layer strands, lightning strikes tolerance of OPGW with aluminium clad steel (AS) outer layer strands is better. It suggested that the OPGW outer layer strands diameter >3.2 mm and with AS outer‐layer strands shows good lightning strike tolerance. The mechanism of OPGW strands breaking was also analysed by the infrared detection, micro‐morphology detection and energy spectrum. The experimental results of this study provide significant data support for OPGW type selection for lightning protection.
Adaptive transitions for automation in cars, trucks, buses and motorcycles
Authors: Diederichs Frederik , Knauss Alessia , Wilbrink Marc , Lilis Yannis , Chrysochoou Evangelia , Anund Anna , Bekiaris Evangelos , Nikolaou Stella , Finér Svitlana , Zanovello Luca , Maroudis Pantelis , Krupenia Stas , Absér Andreas , Dimokas Nikos , Apoy Camilla , Karlsson Johan , Larsson Annika , Zidianakis Emmanouil , Efa Alexander , Widlroither Harald , Dai Mengnuo , Teichmann Daniel , Sanatnama Hamid , Wendemuth Andreas , Bischoff Sven 
Published: April 2020

Automated vehicles are entering the roads and automation is applied to cars, trucks, buses, and even motorcycles today. High automation foresees transitions during driving in both directions. The driver and rider state become a critical parameter since reliable automation allows safe intervention and transit control to the automation when manual driving is not performed safely anymore. When the control transits from automation to manual an appropriate driver state needs to be identified before releasing the automated control. The detection of driver states during manual and automated driving and an appropriate design of the human–machine interaction (HMI) are crucial steps to support these transitions. State‐of‐the‐art systems do not take the driver state, personal preferences, and predictions of road conditions into account. The ADAS&ME project, funded by the H2020 Programme of the European Commission, proposes an innovative and fully adaptive HMI framework, able to support driver/rider state monitoring‐based transitions in automated driving. The HMI framework is applied in the target vehicles: passenger car, truck, bus, and motorcycle, and in seven different use cases.
All‐optical logic inverter for large‐scale integration in silicon photonic circuits
Authors: Datta Tanmoy , Sen Mrinal 
Published: April 2020

A new device architecture of an all‐optical logic inverter (AOLI) has been proposed in this study. The AOLI functions based on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in silicon nanocrystal embedded slotted photonic crystal waveguide (SPCW). The operating power and footprint size of the proposed device have significantly been scaled down to ∼1.5 mW and , respectively, by combining the benefits of giant SRS gain of silicon nanocrystal and ultra‐high spatio‐temporal confinement of the SPCW. Cascadability of the proposed AOLI has been investigated using the maximum product criterion of the noise margin. The successful operation of the AOLI has been demonstrated for the repetition rate of the pulses as high as 100 Gbps. Finally, tolerance of performance of the design under different types of fabrication imperfections has also been calculated to establish its sustainability in a practical scenario.
Comparison of 2D and 3D compressible convection in a pre-main sequence star
Authors: Pratt J. , Baraffe I. , Goffrey T. , Geroux C. , Constantino T. , Folini D. , Walder R. 
Published: April 2020

Context.A 1D description of stellar dynamics is at the basis of stellar evolution modeling. Designed to investigate open problems in stellar evolution, the MUltidimensional Stellar Implicit Code expands a realistic 1D profile of a star’s internal structure to examine the interior dynamics of a specific star through either 2D or 3D hydrodynamic simulations.Aims.Extending our recent studies of 2D stellar convection to 3D stellar convection, we aim to compare 3D hydrodynamic simulations to identically set-up 2D simulations, for a realistic pre-main sequence star.Methods.We compare statistical quantities related to convective flows including: average velocity, vorticity, local enstrophy, and penetration depth beneath a convection zone. These statistics were produced during stationary, steady-state compressible convection in the star’s convection zone.Results.Our simulations confirm the common result that 2D simulations of stellar convection have a higher magnitude of velocity on average than 3D simulations. Boundary conditions and the extent of the spherical shell can affect the magnitude and variability of convective velocities. The difference between 2D and 3D velocities is dependent on these background points; in our simulations this can have an effect as large as the difference resulting from the dimensionality of the simulation. Nevertheless, radial velocities near the convective boundary are comparable in our 2D and 3D simulations. The average local enstrophy of the flow is lower for 2D simulations than for 3D simulations, indicating a different shape and structuring of 3D stellar convection. We performed a statistical analysis of the depth of convective penetration below the convection zone using the model proposed in our recent study (Pratt et al. 2017, A&A, 604, A125). That statistical model was developed based on 2D simulations, which allowed us to examine longer times and higher radial resolution than are possible in 3D. Here, we analyze the convective penetration in 3D simulations, and compare the results to identically set-up 2D simulations. In 3D simulations, the penetration depth is as large as the penetration depth calculated from 2D simulations.
KIC 8975515: A fast-rotating (γ Dor – δ Sct) hybrid star with Rossby modes and a slower δ Sct companion in a long-period orbit
Authors: Samadi-Ghadim A. , Lampens P. , Jassur D. M. , Jofré P. 
Published: April 2020

Aims. KIC 8975515 is a double-lined spectroscopic binary system with hybrid nature. Regular monitoring with the échelle spectrograph HERMES show that both components have matching atmospheric properties (Teff ∼ 7400 K), and that one of them is a fast rotator (v sin i = 162 versus 32 km s−1). Our aim is to study the Kepler light curve in order to determine the frequencies of the pulsations, to search for regular spacing patterns in the Fourier spectrum, if any, and to discuss their origin in the context of binarity and fast rotation.
Methods. In this paper, we study the properties of the stellar pulsations based on a careful analysis of the Fourier spectrum. This was done by performing repeated frequency-search analyses with successive prewhitenings of all the significant frequencies detected in the spectrum. Moreover, we searched for regular period spacing among the g modes as well as frequency splitting among the g and p modes in frequency.
Results. In the low-frequency regime, one series of prograde g modes and four series of retrograde r modes, were detected. The r modes are well-distributed with respect to the harmonics of the rotational frequency of the fast-rotating star frot = 1.647 d−1. The dominant g mode is f2 = 2.37 d−1. The strongest p mode is f1 = 13.97 d−1. We identified two multiplets of regularly split p modes with the mean values of 0.42 d−1 and 1.65 d−1. In addition, we also identified a few incidences of mode coupling (between f1 and a g or r mode).
Conclusions. We detected five series of retrograde r and prograde g modes as well as two multiplets of p modes with rotational frequency splitttings related to both components of KIC 8975515. We identified the fast-rotating component as a hybrid pulsator with r modes, and the slowly-rotating component as a δ Sct pulsator.
Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-positive patients and related risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmadpour Ehsan , Safarpour Hanie , Xiao Lihua , Zarean Mehdi , Hatam-Nahavandi Kareem , Barac Aleksandra , Picot Stephane , Rahimi Mohammad Taghi , Rubino Salvatore , Mahami-Oskouei Mahmoud , Spotin Adel , Nami Sanam , Baghi Hossein Bannazadeh 
Published: April 2020

Cryptosporidiumis one of the major causes of diarrhea in HIV-positive patients. The aim of this study is to systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence ofCryptosporidiumin these patients. PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane and Ovid databases were searched for relevant studies dating from the period of 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2017. Data extraction for the included studies was performed independently by two authors. The overall pooled prevalence was calculated and subgroup analysis was performed on diagnostic methods, geographical distribution and study population. Meta-regression was performed on the year of publication, proportion of patients with diarrhea, and proportion of patients with CD4 < 200 cells/mL. One hundred and sixty-one studies and 51,123 HIV-positive participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence ofCryptosporidiuminfection in HIV-positive patients was 11.2% (CI95%: 9.4%–13.0%). The pooled prevalence was estimated to be 10.0% (CI95%: 8.4%–11.8%) using staining methods, 13.5% (CI95%: 8.9%–19.8%) using molecular methods, and 26.3% (CI95%: 15.0%–42.0%) using antigen detection methods. The prevalence ofCryptosporidiumin HIV patients was significantly associated with the country of study. Also, there were statistical differences between the diarrhea, CD4 < 200 cells/mL, and antiretroviral therapy risk factors with Cryptosporidiosis. Thus,Cryptosporidiumis a common infection in HIV-positive patients, and safe water and hand-hygiene should be implemented to prevent cryptosporidiosis occurrence in these patients.
Radiomics Analysis of Multiparametric PET/MRI for N- and M-Staging in Patients with Primary Cervical Cancer
Authors: Umutlu Lale , Nensa Felix , Demircioglu Aydin , Antoch Gerald , Herrmann Ken , Forsting Michael , Grueneisen Johannes Stefan 
Published: April 2020

Zielsetzung Ziel dieser Studie war die Evaluierung des prädiktiven Potenzials der Radiomics-Analyse zur Bestimmung des N- und M-Stadiums des primären Zervixkarzinoms anhand multiparametrischer 18F-FDG-PET/MRT-Bildgebung.
Material und Methoden 30 Patientinnen mit einem histologisch gesicherten, primären und therapienaiven Zervixkarzinom unterzogen sich einer multiparametrischen 18F-FDG-PET/MRT-Untersuchung unter Verwendung eines dedizierten Untersuchungsprotokolls des weiblichen Beckens. Nach Segmentierung der Primärtumoren wurden quantitative Bildparameter mittels der Radiomic-Image-Processing-Toolbox bestimmt. Insgesamt wurden 45 verschiedene quantitative Bildmerkmale jeweils anhand der T2-gewichteten TSE-Sequenzen, der nativen und kontrastmittelgestützten T1-gewichteten TSE-Sequenzen, der ADC-Map, verschiedenen Perfusionsparametern (Ktrans, Kep, Ve and iAUC) und den 18F-FDG-PET-Datensätzen für jeden Tumor extrahiert. Die statistische Analyse zur Bestimmung des N- und M-Stadiums erfolgte unter der Verwendung der Python 3.5 und Scikit-learn-Software-Bibliothek für maschinelles Lernen.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt zeigte sich eine höhere Genauigkeit zur Prädiktion des korrekten M-Stadiums im Vergleich zum N-Stadium. Zur Prädiktion des korrekten M-Stadiums zeigten sich unter der Verwendung von SVM und SVM-RFE zur Feature-Auswahl die besten Ergebnisse mit einer Sensitivität von 91 %, einer Spezifität von 92 % und einer Fläche unter der Kurve (AUC) von 0,97. Die höchste Genauigkeit für die Bestimmung des N-Stadiums erfolgte unter der Verwendung von RBF-SVM und MIFS zur Feature-Auswahl mit einer Sensitivität von 83 %, einer Spezifität von 67 % und einer Fläche unter der Kurve (AUC) von 0,82.
Schlussfolgerung Die Radiomics-Analyse von multiparametrischen PET/MR-Datensätzen ermöglicht eine präzise Prädiktion des M- und N-Stadiums von Patientinnen mit primärem Zervixkarzinom und könnte damit supportiv zur nichtinvasiven Tumor-Phänotypisierung und Patientenstratifizierung eingesetzt werden.
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Integrin ανβ3 modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced hyperpermeability in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Li Li , Rongfang Zhou , Junhai Zhen , Changqin Chen , Jing Yan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Previous studies suggest an association of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) hyperpermeability with sepsis-related cardiac injury. Our results showed that CMECs permeability was dependent upon concentration and time of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. Integrin ανβ3 expression decreased after LPS stimulation. Pretreatment with anti-integrin ανβ3 antibody enhanced LPS-induced hyperpermeability. Upregulation of integrin ανβ3 decreased LPS-induced hyperpermeability. F-actin remodeling was enhanced after LPS stimulation and was inhibited by up-regulation of integrin ανβ3. Inhibition of Src or Rac1 reduced CMECs permeability after LPS stimulation, but there were no differences in the phosphorylation of Src and Rac1 when over-expressing or blocking integrin β3. After pretreatment with Src or Rac1 inhibitor, no significant difference was found in the expression of integrin ανβ3 in LPS-induced CMECs. These finding suggested that integrin ανβ3 overexpression decreased LPS-stimulated CMECS permeability by inhibition of cytoskeletal remodeling, but the mechanism might not be mediated via Src/Rac1 signaling.
Resistance training with blood flow restriction: Impact on the muscle strength and body composition in people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Alves Thiago Cândido , Santos André P. , Abdalla Pedro P. , Venturini Ana Cláudia R. , Angelotti Priscila S. , Borges Franciane Góes , Reis Henrique D. O. , Bollela Valdes R. , Mota Jorge , Machado Dalmo R. L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the impact of 12‐week resistance training with blood flow restriction (GRTBFR) versus, traditional resistance training (GTRT) and non‐training on the muscle strength and body composition HIV/AIDS participants. Muscle strength was tested at baseline, and on the 6th, 21st and 36th training sessions, using maximal repetition test. Pre‐ and post‐intervention body composition changes were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Resistance training was undertaken three times a week comprising bilateral elbow extension and flexion exercises, unilateral flexion and bilateral knee extension. Changes in strength and body composition (pre‐ and post‐intervention) between groups were evaluated by mixed models of repeated measures, and by paired and unpaired comparisons, considering the Effect Size. All groups were similar at baseline for muscle strength and body composition. Post‐intervention, the training groups showed similar, statistically significant increases in muscle strength (GRTBFR=25.7–57.4%; GTRT=24.5–52.3%) and skeletal muscle tissue (GRTBFR=8.4%; GTRT=8.3%). There was also a significant change in body fat (p=0.023–0.043), with significant effect sizes for strength and skeletal muscle tissue (0.41–2.27), respectively. These results suggest that both resistance training interventions promoted muscle hypertrophy, body fat reduction and positive impact on muscle strength in people living with HIV/AIDS. Resistance training with blood flow restriction proved to be an effective alternative to include patients with marked physical weakness, unable to engage in regular strength training programme.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02783417.
Adjusted parallel transport for higher gauge theories
Authors: Kim Hyungrok , Saemann Christian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Many physical theories, including notably string theory, require non-abelian higher gauge fields defining higher holonomy. Previous approaches to such higher connections on categorified principal bundles require these to be fake flat. This condition, however, renders them locally gauge equivalent to connections on abelian gerbes. For particular higher gauge groups, for example 2-group models of the string group, this limitation can be overcome by generalizing the notion of higher connection. Starting from this observation, we define a corresponding generalized higher holonomy functor which is free from the fake flatness condition, leading to a truly non-abelian parallel transport.