bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Octahedral Coordinated Trivalent Cobalt Enriched Multimetal Oxygen‐Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Chen Junsheng , Li Hao , Yu Zixun , Liu Chang , Yuan Ziwen , Wang Chaojun , Zhao Shenlong , Henkelman Graeme , Li Shuzhou , Wei Li , Chen Yuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOctahedral coordinated trivalent cobalt cations (CoOh3+) in metal oxyhydroxides are highly active catalytic sites for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a critical bottleneck for efficient water splitting; however, previous synthetic methods have limited control over these sites. Herein, a scalable electrodeposition method coupled with in situ oxidation to produce amorphous Co–Fe–W trimetallic oxyhydroxides enriched with CoOh3+ is developed. X‐ray absorption, in operando spectroscopic analysis, and computational studies reveal that 72% of the Co atoms are present in CoOh3+ sites. Fe and W synergistically affect the electronic structure of Co and provide a favorable coordination environment. The Co–Fe–W oxyhydroxide exhibits superior OER catalytic performance with an impressive turnover frequency of 1.96 s−1 at an overpotential of 300 mV, a low Tafel slope of 32 mV dec−1, and small activation energy of 53 kJ mol−1 in alkaline electrolyte. The catalyst directly deposited on Ni foams can serve as a robust OER electrode in two‐electrode water electrolyzers; they deliver a current density of 100 mA cm−2 at a small overpotential of 234 mV in alkaline electrolyte with excellent durability under 100 mA cm−2 over 120 h. These catalysts are excellent for practical water splitting applications.
Et3B/Et2AlCl/O2‐Mediated Radical Coupling Reaction between α‐Alkoxyacyl Tellurides and 2‐Hydroxybenzaldehyde Derivatives
Authors: Nagatomo Masanori , Zhang Keshu , Fujino Haruka , Inoue Masayuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA newly devised radical‐based strategy enabled coupling between multiply oxygenated α‐alkoxyacyl tellurides and 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives. A reagent combination of Et3B, Et2AlCl, and O2 promoted the formation of the α‐alkoxy carbon radical from the α‐alkoxyacyl telluride and the addition of the radical to the carbonyl group of 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde. The reaction chemo‐ and stereoselectively forged the hindered C−C bond between two oxygen‐functionalized carbons at ambient temperature. The method was applied to the preparation of 12 coupling adducts with three to six contiguous stereocenters and to the concise synthesis of an antitumor compound, LLY‐283.
Young Autism Spectrum Disorder Children in Special and Mainstream Education Settings Have Similar Behavioral Characteristics
Authors: Ilan Michal , Meiri Gal , Manelis‐Baram Liora , Faroy Michal , Michaelovski Analya , Flusser Hagit , Binoun‐Chaki Hagar , Segev‐Cojocaru Ronit , Dotan Orly , Schtaierman Hen , Menashe Idan , Dinstein Ilan 
Published: October 2020

In many countries, parents can place autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children in either mainstream or special education settings, which differ in their ability to provide structured early intervention programs. There are no clear guidelines for how to make initial placement decisions and ongoing debate about the benefits and drawbacks of each educational setting. Previous studies have mostly examined placement of school‐age children and reported that those with poorer cognitive abilities and more severe ASD symptoms tend to be placed in special education. The placement of younger children has rarely been studied. Here, we utilized the database at the National Autism Research Center of Israel to examine whether ASD severity, cognitive abilities, and parent education influenced the placement of 242 children. We performed the analyses separately for 1–3‐year‐old children who were placed in daycare centers and 3–5‐year‐old children who were placed in pre‐school kindergartens. Our analyses revealed surprisingly small differences across special and mainstream education settings, particularly in daycare centers. Cognitive scores and parent education were significantly higher in ASD children placed in mainstream education, but these differences were of moderate effect size and explained a relatively small percentage of the variability in placement choices (<15%). Indeed, we found considerable overlap in the characteristics of ASD children across educational settings, which suggests that initial placement decisions are performed with little regard to the children's abilities. Given the importance of optimal early intervention, further studies are warranted to determine whether children with specific abilities and needs benefit more from placement in either educational setting.Lay SummaryCurrently, there are no clear recommendations for placing young children with ASD in special versus mainstream education settings. We examined the influence of ASD severity, cognitive abilities, and parent education on the initial placement of 242 children. While we found significantly higher cognitive scores and parental education in children placed in mainstream education, there was a remarkable overlap in the characteristics of children across both settings, suggesting that initial placement is performed with limited regard to the children's abilities. Autism Res 2021, 14: 699–708. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
A joint frailty‐copula model for meta‐analytic validation of failure time surrogate endpoints in clinical trials
Authors: Sofeu Casimir L. , Emura Takeshi , Rondeau Virginie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn a meta‐analysis framework, the classical approach for the validation of time‐to‐event surrogate endpoint is based on a two‐step analysis. This approach often raises estimation issues. Recently, we proposed a one‐step validation approach based on a joint frailty model. This approach was quite time consuming, despite parallel computing, due to individual‐level frailties used to take into account heterogeneity in the data at the individual level. We now propose an alternative one‐step approach for evaluating surrogacy, using a joint frailty‐copula model. The model includes two correlated random effects treatment‐by‐trial interaction and a shared random effect associated with the baseline risks. At the individual level, the joint survivor functions of time‐to‐event endpoints are linked using copula functions. We used splines for the baseline hazard functions. We estimated parameters and hazard function using a semiparametric penalized marginal likelihood method, considering various numerical integration methods. Both individual‐level and trial‐level surrogacy were evaluated using Kendall's tau and coefficient of determination. The performance of the estimators was evaluated using simulation studies. The model was applied to individual patient data meta‐analyses in advanced ovarian cancer to assess progression‐free survival as a surrogate for overall survival, as part of the evaluation of new therapy. The model showed good performance and was quite robust regarding the integration methods and data variation, regardless of the surrogacy evaluation criteria. Kendall's Tau was better estimated using the Clayton copula model compared to the joint frailty model. The proposed model reduces the convergence and model estimation issues encountered in the two‐step approach.
Heparosan Chain Characterization: Sequential Depolymerization of E. Coli K5 Heparosan by a Bacterial Eliminase Heparin Lyase III and a Bacterial Hydrolase Heparanase Bp to Prepare Defined Oligomers
Authors: Datta Payel , Yan LuFeng , Awofiranye Adeola , Dordick Jonathan S. , Linhardt Robert J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHeparosan is a non‐sulfated polysaccharide and potential applications include, chemoenzymatic synthesis of heparin and heparan sulfates. Heparosan is produced using microbial cells (natural producers or engineered cells). The characterization of heparosan isolated from both natural producers and engineered‐cells are critical steps towards the potential applications of heparosan. Heparosan is characterized using 1) analysis of intact chain size and polydispersity, and 2) disaccharide composition. The current paper describes a novel method for heparosan chain characterization, using heparin lyase III (Hep‐3, an eliminase from Flavobacterium heparinum) and heparanase Bp (Hep‐Bp, a hydrolase from Burkholderia pseudomallei). The partial digestion of E. coli K5 heparosan with purified His‐tagged Hep‐3 results in oligomers of defined sizes. The oligomers (degree of polymerization from 2 to 8, DP2‐DP8) are completely digested with purified GST‐tagged Hep‐Bp and analyzed using gel permeation chromatography. Hep‐Bp specifically cleaves the linkage between d‐glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine (GlcNAc) but not the linkage between 4‐deoxy‐α‐L‐threo‐hex‐4‐enopyranosyluronic acid (deltaUA) and GlcNAc, and results in the presence of a minor resistant trisaccharide (GlcNAc‐GlcA‐GlcNAc). This method successfully demonstrated the substrate selectivity of Hep‐BP on heparosan oligomers. This analytical tool could be applied towards heparosan chain mapping and analysis of unnatural sugar moieties in the heparosan chain.
Protective Effects of Nucleosides‐Rich Extract from Cordyceps cicadae against Cisplatin Induced Testicular Damage.
Authors: Wang Ling , He Yigang , Li Yudi , Pei Chengbin , Olatunji Opeyemi Joshua , Tang Jian , Famurewa Ademola C. , Wang Hongyan , Yan Bei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCisplatin (CISP) is an efficacious anticancer agent used in chemotherapy, however, the constraint to its clinical utility is the stray organ toxicity including testicular damage linked to oxidative and inflammatory cascades. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of nucleosides‐rich extract from Cordyceps cicadae (NRCE) against CISP‐induced testicular damage in rats. Rats were subjected to prophylactic oral administration of NRCE (50, 100 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 days prior to testicular toxicity induced by CISP (10 mg/kg, ip) and were sacrificed after 72 h post‐CISP injection. Cisplatin caused significant deficits in sperm count, viability and motility, testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) compared to normal control. It depressed testicular activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant content (TAC), whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) increased remarkably. CISP considerably increased tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐one beta (IL‐1β) with alterations in testis histology compared to normal control. Interestingly, NRCE pretreatment inhibited the CISP‐induced alterations in reproductive indices, restored the antioxidant activities in testes as well as inflammatory mediators and histology comparable to control. Our findings demonstrate that NRCE could prevent CISP testicular damage via inhibition of oxidative stress and pro‐inflammation in rats.
Regulatory expression of uncoupling protein 1 and its related genes by endogenous activity of the transforming growth factor‐β family in bovine myogenic cells
Authors: Abd Eldaim Mabrouk A. , Zhao Kangning , Murakami Masaru , Yoshioka Hidetugu , Itoyama Erina , Kitamura Shoko , Nagase Hiroshi , Matsui Tohru , Funaba Masayuki 
Published: October 2020

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is responsible for non‐shivering thermogenesis, with restricted expression in brown/beige adipocytes in humans and rodents. We have previously shown an unexpected expression of UCP1 in bovine skeletal muscles. This study evaluated factors affecting Ucp1 gene expression in cultured bovine myogenic cells. Myosatellite cells, which were isolated from the bovine musculus longissimus cervicis, were induced to differentiate into myotubes in the presence of 2% horse serum. Previous studies using murine brown/beige adipocytes revealed that Ucp1 expression levels are directly increased by forskolin and all‐trans retinoic acid (RA). The transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/activin pathway negatively regulated Ucp1 expression, whereas activation of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway indirectly increases Ucp1 expression through the stimulation of brown/beige adipogenesis. Neither forskolin nor RA significantly affected Ucp1 mRNA levels in bovine myogenic cells. A‐83‐01, an inhibitor of the TGF‐β/activin pathway, stimulated myogenesis in these cells. A‐83‐01 significantly increased the expression of some brown fat signature genes such as Pgc‐1α, Cox7a1, and Dio2, with a quantitative but not significant increase in the expression of Ucp1. Treatment with LDN‐193189, an inhibitor of the BMP pathway, did not affect the differentiation of bovine myosatellite cells. Rather, LDN‐193189 increased Ucp1 mRNA levels without modulating the levels of other brown/beige adipocyte‐related genes. The current results indicate that the regulation of Ucp1 expression in bovine myogenic cells is distinct from that in murine brown/beige adipocytes, which has been more intensely characterized.Significance of the studyWe previously reported unexpected expression of Ucp1 in bovine muscle tissues; Ucp1 expression has been known to be detected predominantly in brown/beige adipocytes. This study examined regulatory expression of bovine Ucp1 in myogenic cells. Consistent with the changes in expression levels of brown/beige adipocyte‐selective genes, Ucp1 expression tended to be increased by inhibition of endogenous TGF‐β activity. In contrast, inhibition of endogenous BMP significantly increased Ucp1 expression without affecting brown/beige adipocyte‐selective gene expression. The current results indicate that regulatory expression of Ucp1 in bovine myogenic cells is distinct from that in murine brown/beige adipocytes that is more intensely characterized.
Discrepancies between genitourinary cancer patients' and clinicians' characterization of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status
Authors: Bergerot Cristiane Decat , Philip Errol J. , Bergerot Paulo Gustavo , Hsu JoAnn , Dizman Nazli , Salgia Megan , Salgia Nicholas , Vaishampayan Ulka , Battle Dena , Loscalzo Matthew , Dale William , Pal Sumanta Kumar 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPatient‐reported outcomes have been used to assess treatment effectiveness and actively engage patients in their disease management. This study was designed to describe the patient‐reported performance status (PS) and the provider‐reported PS.MethodsPatients with metastatic genitourinary cancers were recruited from a single cancer center before the initiation of a new line of treatment. PS (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG]), quality of life (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–General), and distress (Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety and Depression) were self‐reported by patients. Clinical data (eg, age, sex, diagnosis, and physician‐reported ECOG PS) were extracted from medical records. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the association between PS, quality of life, and psychological symptoms.ResultsOne hundred forty‐five patients were enrolled (76.6% male, 70.3% White, 81.4% married, and 76.6% well educated). The median age was 67 years; 66.9% were diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma, 20.0% were diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma, and 13.1% were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Clinicians more frequently classified patients' ECOG PS as 0 in comparison with the patients themselves (92.4% vs 64.1%; P = .001). Higher clinician‐reported ECOG PS was associated with poorer physical and functional well‐being and higher rates of depression (P < .01), whereas higher patient‐reported ECOG PS was associated with worse psychosocial outcomes (P < .01).ConclusionsDiscrepancies were noted between the patient‐ and provider‐reported ECOG PS, with clinicians overestimating the ECOG PS in comparison with the patients themselves. This study's findings suggest that patients incorporate their social and emotional well‐being into their PS score in addition to their physical well‐being. This information is not immediately accessible to most clinicians from just a standard patient interview and likely accounts for the overestimation of the patients' ECOG PS by the clinicians.
Cyber situation perception for Internet of Things systems based on zero‐day attack activities recognition within advanced persistent threat
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Zhang Jiale , Tu Yaofeng , Chen Bing 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWith the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, various attacks and threats have emerged. The advanced persistent threat (APT) refers to a class of advanced multiple‐steps attacks among diverse attack activities, which brings severe threats to the IoT systems ascribe to its pertinence, concealment, and permeability. However, the existing technologies and methods fail to timely recognize the APT attack activities (especially the zero‐day exploits) in a comprehensive scope. To address this problem, we propose a novel method of cyber situation perception for IoT systems, which based on zero‐day attack activity recognition within APT (CSPAPTM). Moreover, we also design an edge computing framework for applying CSPAPTM to the typical IoT systems. Specifically, we first provide a cyber situation perception ontology construction module for describing the APT attack activities. Then, a malicious C&C DNS mining method (MCCDRM) is proposed to control the APT malicious activity correlation analysis trigger, which can effectively decrease the computing overhead. Finally, we propose a zero‐day attack activity recognition method within APT (ZDAARA), which acts on system call instances to recognize the malicious activities, which cannot be detected by IDS. A relatively mature access control mechanism PO‐SAAC is also applied to our method. Through the coalescent of these methods, CSPAPTM can accomplish the cyber situation perception effectively by the zero‐day attack activities recognition in the IoT systems. The exhaustive experimental results demonstrate that the two kernel modules, that is, MCCDRM and ZDAARA in our CSPAPTM, can achieve both higher F1 score and acceptable false positive rate.
A handshake algorithm for scheduling communications in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Taktak Emna , Tounsi Mohamed , Mosbah Mohamed , Mnif Abdessalem , Hadj Kacem Ahmed 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of sensors exchanging the information that they collect from the environment. The use of a scheduler offers an efficient solution to eliminate information redundancy and possible collisions in this network. A scheduler is responsible for choosing the sensors to exchange information at each step of the algorithm's execution. This article presents a WSN handshake algorithm (WSN‐HS) scheduling the communications between every two sensors safely in an exclusive mode. Our WSN‐HS is energy‐efficient. It tries to elaborate communications between sensors with the minimum of messages and thus with the minimum of energy consumption. In addition, our algorithm is fault‐tolerant to sensors' disappearance. Hence, when a sensor runs out of energy, the other sensors in the network will not be blocked and they will continue executing the distributed algorithm. We compare and evaluate our algorithm with another handshake algorithm. The results of the simulation done with two examples of distributed algorithms show that our algorithm significantly minimizes the energy consumption in the WSN. Moreover, in this article, we detail the analysis that emphasizes the efficiency of our WSN‐HS algorithm.
Genome‐wide identification of FAD gene family and functional analysis of MsFAD3.1 involved in the accumulation of α‐linolenic acid in alfalfa
Authors: Zhang Zhengshe , Jin Xiaoyu , Liu Zhipeng , Zhang Jiyu , Liu Wenxian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs an important forage legume in the world, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has high adaptability to various unfavorable climatic conditions and high biomass, and have been playing critical roles in animal husbandry and industrial applications. As α‐linolenic acid cannot be synthesized by animals, and most must be obtained from plants, the increasing of α‐linolenic acid content in alfalfa will greatly contribute to improve quality of livestock. However, the molecular mechanisms for α‐linolenic acid synthesis and accumulation in alfalfa are still limited. In this study, the importance of ω‐3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD) was demonstrated by analyzing α‐linolenic acid metabolic pathways, combined with the dynamics of accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids in alfalfa. Moreover, the FAD3.1 identified in alfalfa was located in the endoplasmic reticulum, and its expression level was consistent with the accumulation patterns of α‐linolenic acid in leaves. Heterologous expression in yeast cells proves that MsFAD3.1 was involved in the synthesis of α‐linolenic acid, and the α‐linolenic acid content in MsFAD3.1‐overexpression transgenic alfalfa lines was significantly increased. These results indicate that new alfalfa germplasm with high α‐linolenic acid content can be successfully created through biotechnology, providing a theoretical basis for further improving the quality of alfalfa and the nutritional value of dairy products.
The valuation effects of corporate social responsibility on mergers and acquisitions: Evidence from U.S. target firms
Authors: Cho Kyumin , Han Seung Hun , Kim Hyeong Joon , Kim Sangsoo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigates whether a target firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance creates value for shareholders. Our results indicate that target CSR performance that is stronger than that of the acquirer firm yields higher premiums for target shareholders. In addition, the positive valuation effect of CSR is more pronounced when well‐governed acquirers conduct the takeover. Our evidence is robust to several sensitivity tests. These results imply that favorable market reactions to the target's CSR are due to the market expectation that well‐governed acquirers reward the target's shareholders with a fair CSR value in merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions. Consistent with the stakeholder theory that maximizes stakeholder value, investing in CSR creates value in M&A transactions.
Isolation of Low Dispersity Fractions of Acetone Organosolv Lignins to Understand their Reactivity: Towards Aromatic Building Blocks for Polymers Synthesis
Authors: Duval Antoine , Layrac Géraldine , van Zomeren André , Smit Arjan T. , Pollet Eric , Avérous Luc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo organosolv lignins extracted during pilot runs of the Fabiola process were analyzed, fractionated and chemically modified with ethylene carbonate (EC) to produce building blocks suitable for polymer synthesis. Isolation of low dispersity fractions relied on the partial solubility of the lignins in organic solvents. Lignins solubility was first evaluated and analyzed with Hansen and Kamlet‐Taft solubility parameters, showing a good correlation with the solvents dipolarity/polarizability parameter π*. The results were then used to select a sequence of solvents able to fractionate the lignins into low dispersity fractions of increasing molar masses, which were analyzed by31P NMR, SEC and DSC. The lignins were then reacted with EC, to convert the phenolic OH groups into primary aliphatic OH groups. The reactivity of the organosolv lignins was high, and milder reaction conditions than previously reported were sufficient to fully convert the phenolic OH groups. A gradual reduction in reactivity with increasing molar mass was evidenced and attributed to reduced solubility of high molar mass fragments in EC. Undesirable crosslinking side reactions were evidenced by SEC, but were efficiently limited thanks to a fine control of the reaction conditions, helping to maximize the benefits of the developed lignin modification with EC.