bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Chemical Composition and α-amylase Inhibitory Effect of New Propolis Extracts
Authors: Keskin Merve 
Published: April 2020

Background:Propolis is a resinous mixture collected by honeybees from tree buds and exudates of the plants. Propolis contains aromatic acids, diterpenic acids and phenolic compounds and these components are responsible for its antitumor, anticancer, antiviral and antifungal effects. Propolis can be extracted and the solubility of propolis differs depending on the solvent used in the process of extraction. Solvents used for propolis extraction have a great impact on the propolis extract and should be nontoxic.Objective:In this study, raw propolis was extracted by peppermint and clove volatile oils.Methods:Chemical composition of extracts was determined by using GC-MS equipment. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts were measured. α-amylase inhibitory activity of the extracts was carried out as well.Results:The findings of the present study showed that clove volatile oil is more effective in the extraction of propolis than peppermint volatile oil. The total phenolic content of these extracts was determined as 175.12 and 40.80 mg GAE/mL for clove and peppermint oil propolis extracts, respectively. All extracts contained the same phenolic compounds but the quantity was less in volatile oil extract than in ethanol extract. Both of these extracts showed better α-amylase ınhibitory activity than a reference inhibitor, acarbose.Conclusion:It could be concluded that propolis extract obtained by using volatile oils could be used as a complementary agent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The Association of CYP2D6*4 and POR*28 Polymorphisms on Mirtazapine Plasma Level in Subjects with Major Depressive Disorder and Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Ozdemir Fezile , Dural Emrah , Baskak Nilay Sedes , Kır Yağmur , Baskak Bora , Suzen Halt S. 
Published: April 2020

Aims and Objective:
The plasma level of mirtazapine (MIR) varies between individuals
primarily depending on the differences in metabolism during pharmacotherapy. CYP2D6 takes the role
as a major enzyme in MIR metabolism and POR enzyme donates an electron to CYP2D6 for its activity.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding pharmacokinetic enzymes may cause changes in
enzyme activity, leading to differences in metabolism of the drug. Our aim was to assess the influence of
CYP2D6*4 and POR*28 polymorphisms on MIR plasma levels in Turkish psychiatric patients.

Materials and Methods:
The association between genetic variations and plasma level of MIR was
investigated on 54 patients. CYP2D6*4 and POR*28 polymorphisms were analysed using
Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and plasma
MIR levels were measured using HPLC.

Results:
Allele frequencies of CYP2D6*4 and POR*28 were 0.11 and 0.39, respectively in the
study population. The results showed that CYP2D6*4 allele carriers have higher C/D MIR levels
while POR*28 allele carriers have lower C/D MIR levels. Combined genotype analyses also
revealed that individuals with CYP2D6*1/*1 - POR*28/*28 genotype have a statistically lower
C/D MIR level (0.95 ng/ml/dose) when compared with individuals with CYP2D6*1/*1 -
POR*1/*1 genotype (1.52 ng/ml/dose).

Conclusion:
Our results indicate that CYP2D6*4 and POR*28 polymorphisms may have a
potential in the explanation of differences in plasma levels in MIR treated psychiatric patients. A
combination of these variations may be beneficial in increasing drug response and decreasing
adverse drug reactions in MIR psychopharmacotherapy.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Cui Hongyuan , Zhu Mingwei , Zhang Junhua , Li Wenqin , Zou Lihui , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to identify genes that
were differentially expressed between normal thyroid tissue and papillary thyroid carcinoma
(PTC).

Materials & Methods:
Six candidate genes were selected and further confirmed with quantitative
real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry in samples from 24
fresh thyroid tumors and adjacent normal tissues. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) pathway analysis was used to investigate signal transduction pathways of the
differentially expressed genes.

Results:
In total, 1690 genes were differentially expressed between samples from patients with
PTC and the adjacent normal tissue. Among these, SFRP4, ZNF90, and DCN were the top three
upregulated genes, whereas KIRREL3, TRIM36, and GABBR2 were downregulated with the
smallest p values. Several pathways were associated with the differentially expressed genes and
involved in cellular proliferation, cell migration, and endocrine system tumor progression, which
may contribute to the pathogenesis of PTC. Upregulation of SFRP4, ZNF90, and DCN at the
mRNA level was further validated with RT-PCR, and DCN expression was further confirmed with
immunostaining of PTC samples.

Conclusion:
These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of PTC. Identification
of differentially expressed genes should not only improve the tumor signature for thyroid tumors as a
diagnostic biomarker but also reveal potential targets for thyroid tumor treatment.
Combined Curcuma longa and Cratoxylum formosum Extracts Possess Anti-liver Cancer and Anti-HBV Activities in HepG2.2.15
Authors: Jevapatarakul Damita , Thienprasert Nattanan Panjaworayan T , Payungporn Sunchai 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Curcuma longa Linn. and Cratoxylum formosum have
been consumed as the Thai traditional medicine for curing liver diseases. However,
biological effects from a combination of C. longa and C. formosum have not
been investigated.

Objective:
This study focused to investigate the effects of combined extracts on
anti-liver cancer activity, anti-Hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity and alteration of
miRNA expression, including their effects on p53 and NF-κB protein expressions.

Methods:
The cytotoxicity effects of hot water extract on liver cancer cells were
examined by using the MTT assay. Annexin V assay and Western blot analysis
were conducted to investigate the effects of plant extracts on the apoptosis pathway
and cellular protein expressions. Finally, the expression of HBV genes and
miRNA expressions were evaluated by using a quantitative real-time PCR.

Results:
The cell viability assay indicated that 400 μg/mL of combined C. longa
and C. formosum extracts significantly inhibited different liver cancer cell lines
without affecting a normal cell (Vero). The combined extracts could induce liver
cancer cell death via the apoptosis pathway by up-regulating p53 expression
while down-regulating NF-κB expression. Moreover, 150 μg/mL of the combined
extract specifically suppressed HBx gene expression in liver cancer cells
that stably express HBV proteins. However, 150 μg/mL of the combined extract
had no effect on miR-34a and miR-199a/b expressions.

Conclusion:
This study firstly reported anti-liver cancer and anti-HBV activities
of the combined C. longa and C. formosum extracts.
Pendampingan Masyarakat dalam Pengembangan Destinasi Wisata melalui Pemetaan Kebutuhan
Authors: Palenti Citra Dwi , Prasetyo Iis , Gusti Ririn 
Published: April 2020

Abstrak Keberhasilan destinasi wisata tidak akan terlepas dari perencanaan yang dilakukan di awal. Kebutuhan masyarakat lokasi destinasi wisata menjadi hal yang pertama dan utama mengingat bahwa suatu program berkaitan erat dengan potensi dan masalah. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk melakukan analisis kebutuhan masyarakat desa Sidoluhur sebagai dasar dalam perencanaan program permberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Participatory Action Research (PAR) melalui 3 strategi yaitu: sosialisasi, pelaksanaan, serta monitoring dan evaluasi program. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik observasi, Focused Group Discussion (FGD), wawancara dan teknik dokumentasi. Berdasarkan strategi yang dilakukan kemudian dapat disimpulkan bahwa permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat yaitu terkait dengan masih rendahnya wawasan masyarakat terkait dengan pengelolaan destinasi wisata dan belum semua elemen masyarakat aktif berpartisipasi. Berdasarkan hasil kebutuhan tersebut, maka upaya pengembangan diperlukan pembinaan secara berkala dan sinergi dengan program pemerintah agar dapat saling berkolaborasi. Abstract The success of a tourist destination will not be separated from the planning done at the beginning. The needs of the tourist destination location community are first and foremost considering that a program is closely related to potential and problems. So the purpose of this research is to analyze the needs of the community in Sidoluhur village as a basis for planning community empowerment programs. The study was conducted using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method through 3 strategies: socialization, implementation, and program monitoring and evaluation. Data collected through observation techniques, Focused Group Discussion (FGD), interviews and documentation techniques. Based on the strategy carried out then it can be concluded that the main problems faced by the community are related to the still low level of community insight related to the management of tourist destinations and not all elements of society actively participate. Based on the results of these needs, the development effort needed for regular development and synergy with government programs in order to collaborate with each other.
Literasi sebagai Upaya Penanaman Karakter Peduli Lingkungan melalui Kegiatan Taman Bacaan Masyarakat
Authors: Riyanto Parji 
Published: April 2020

AbstrakPenurunan karakter didalam masyarakat merupakan masalah utama di Dusun Jambon. Masyarakat cenderung tidak peduli dengan dampak membakar sampah atau membuang sampah sembarangan, pentingnya waktu belajar, dan cenderung kurang efektif dalam memanfaatkan waktu luang. Kebiasaan negatif ini tidak boleh dibiarkan secara terus menerus akan menjadi sebuah karakter. Maka dari itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui salah satu lembaga yang memberikan solusi terhadap masalah yang terjadi. Pembuatan Team BARKAS (Barisan Remaja Kebersihan Alam Sekitar) Guyub Rukun adalah bentuk dari keseriusan TBM Teras Baca Guyub Rukun dalam penanganan permasalahan di dusun Jambon. Metode yang digunakan melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Program-program didalamnya meliputi pengelolaan sampah, reading Group, dan arisan ide. Program tersebut memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap perbaikan lingkungan sosial di Dusun Jambon. Modal sosial meningkat, munculnya usaha ekonomi produktif, lingkungan menjadi lebih sehat, dan warga masyarakat lebih aktif berpartisipai dalam pengembangan program-program TBM Teras Baca Guyub Rukun. Bisa dikatakan dengan adanya TBM Teras Baca Guyub Rukun peningkatan mutu pendidikan masyarakat di Dusun Jambon semakin meningkat. Tentu saja hal ini dibuktikan dengan berbagai penghargaan yang telah diperoleh TBM Teras Baca Guyub Rukun maupun pengelola. Abstract Declining character in the community is a major problem in Jambon Hamlet. Communities tend not to care about the impact of burning rubbish or littering, the importance of learning time, and tend to be less effective in utilizing free time. This negative habit should not be allowed to continue to become a character. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to find out one of the institutions that provides solutions to problems that occur. The making of the BARKAS Team (Teens of Youth in the Cleanliness of the Surrounding Environment) Guyub Pillars is a form of the seriousness of the TBM Teras Baca Guyub Pillars in handling problems in the hamlet of Jambon. The method used is descriptive qualitative approach. The programs include waste management, reading groups, and social gathering ideas. The program has a significant impact on the improvement of the social environment in Jambon Hamlet. Increased social capital, the emergence of productive economic ventures, a healthier environment, and more active community members participating in the development of TBM Te ras Baca Guyub Rukun programs. It can be said with the existence of Guyub Rukun Reading Terrace TBM the improvement of the quality of community education in Jambon Hamlet is increasing. Of course this is evidenced by the various awards that have been obtained by TBM Teras Baca Guyub Pillars as w ell as managers.
Analisis Peran Guru Tidak Tetap (GTT) Sebagai Guru Kelas Dan Operator Sekolah Di Kecamatan Sanankulon
Authors: Sari Andareka Murih Aditya , Rahardjanto Abdulkadir 
Published: April 2020

Abstract: The increasing quality of education in Indonesia until now is inseparable from the role of non-government employees teacher. Non-government employees' teacher is referred to as non-permanent teachers (GTT) in addition to being educators who play roles as operators in improving the quality of education in schools. This study aims to describe the role of non-permanent teachers as classroom teachers and school operators including 1) the role of non-permanent teachers as classroom teachers 2) the role of non-permanent teachers as school operators 3) school principals' policy in facing the role of non-permanent teachers who have roles double as a classroom teacher and school operator. In this study, researchers used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Test the validity of data by extending the time of attendance and source triangulation. The results of the study showed that 1) non-permanent teachers in carrying out their role as classroom teachers cannot run optimally because they are often left behind to carry out their duties as school operators who leave the class at any time. 2) non-permanent teachers in carrying out their roles as operators have multiple tasks, namely as diasporic operators and BOS operators. 3) Principal policies that appoint non-permanent teachers as class teachers and school operators have an impact on the learning process in the classroom.Keywords: Temporary Teacher, School Operator, Principal Policy Abstrak: Membaiknya kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia sampai dengan sekarang tidak terlepas dari peran guru non PNS. Guru non PNS disebut sebagai guru tidak tetap (GTT) selain sebagai pendidik berperan sebagai operator dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang peran guru tidak tetap sebagai guru kelas dan operator sekolah diantaranya: 1) peran guru tidak tetap sebagai guru kelas 2) peran guru tidak tetap sebagai operator sekolah 3) kebijakan kepala sekolah dalam menghadapi peran guru tidak tetap yang memiliki peran ganda sebagai guru kelas dan operator sekolah. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi. Uji keabsahan data dengan memperpanjang waktu kehadiran dan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) guru tidak tetap dalam menjalankan peran sebagai guru kelas tidak dapat berjalan secara maksimal karena sering di tinggalkan untuk melaksanakan tugasnya sebagai operator sekolah yang sewaktu-waktu meninggalkan kelas. 2)guru tidak tetap dalam menjalankan peran sebagai operator memiliki tugas ganda yaitu sebagai operator dapodik dan operator BOS. 3) Kebijakan kepala sekolah yang mengangkat guru tidak tetap menjadi guru kelas dan operator sekolah berdampak terhadap proses pembelajaran di kelas.Kata kunci: Guru Tidak Tetap, Operator Sekolah, Kebijakan Kepala Sekolah
Kekuatan Pembuktian Fotokopi Surat yang Tidak Dapat Dicocokkan dengan Aslinya dalam Perkara Perdata
Authors: Sari Devina Puspita 
Published: April 2020

The photocopy acceptable in the court if it matched with the original letter and the strength of that photocopy is the same as the original letter. However, sometimes the original letter has been lost so that it cannot be shown at trial. This paper discusses whether a photocopy that cannot be matched with the original letter can be accepted in the civil procedural law and if it can be accepted how the strength of it, then the discussion will look at the judge’s consideration in two cases related to the issue. The results of discussions are that photocopies that cannot be matched with the original letter can be accepted as evidence if the photocopy matches or is strengthened with other evidence, as the jurisprudence of Decision Nr. 112 K/Pdt/1996 and Decision Nr. 410 K/pdt/2004. The jurisprudence has been followed by similar cases, which is the Decision of the Central Jakarta District Court Nr. 164/Pdt.G/2004/PN.Jkt.Pst jo. Decision of The Jakarta High Court Nr. 234/Pdt/2005/PT.DKI jo. Decision of The Supreme Court Nr. 1498 K/Pdt/2006 which in this case a photocopy can be accepted because it is strengthened by the recognition of the opposing party and The Pontianak District Court Nr.52/Pdt.G/2003/PN.Ptk which received a photocopy because it was strengthened with witness testimony. The photocopy has a free power of proof (depends on the judge’s assessment). The use and assessment of the strength of the photocopy cannot be independent, but must be linked to other valid evidence.
Abstrak
Fotokopi surat dapat diterima dalam persidangan apabila dapat dicocokkan dengan aslinya, dan kekuatan pembuktiannya sama seperti surat aslinya. Tulisan ini membahas, dalam hal surat aslinya tidak dapat ditunjukkan di persidangan, apakah fotokopi surat dapat diterima dalam pembuktian hukum acara perdata, dan, apabila dapat diterima, bagaimanakah kekuatan pembuktiannya. Artikel ini menunjukkan, fotokopi surat yang tidak dapat dicocokkan dengan aslinya dapat diterima sebagai alat bukti surat jika bersesuaian atau dikuatkan dengan alat bukti lain, sebagaimana Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 112 K/Pdt/1996 dan Putusan Nomor 410 K/pdt/2004 yang telah menjadi yurisprudensi. Yurisprudensi ini telah diikuti dalam perkara serupa, yaitu dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat Nomor 164/Pdt.G/2004/PN.Jkt.Pst jo. Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Jakarta Nomor 234/Pdt/2005/PT.DKI jo. Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1498 K/Pdt/2006, di mana dalam perkara ini fotokopi surat dapat diterima karena dikuatkan dengan pengakuan pihak lawan. Demikian juga dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Pontianak Nomor 52/Pdt.G/2003/PN.Ptk, yang menerima fotokopi surat yang tidak dapat dicocokkan dengan aslinya karena dikuatkan dengan alat bukti keterangan saksi. Dengan demikian, fotokopi surat memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang bebas, artinya diserahkan kepada penilaian hakim. Penggunaan dan penilaian kekuatan pembuktian fotokopi tersebut tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, tetapi harus dikaitkan dengan alat bukti lainnya yang sah.
Geography, international trade and institutions: an econometric analysis of the BRICS
Authors: Schonerwald Carlos , Michelon Luiz , Corrêa Marcelo 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo discute o papel dos três determinantes profundos do desenvolvimento econômico (geografia, instituições e comércio internacional) nos países do BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul) entre1995 e 2015. Primeiramente, aponta-se a dificuldade de analisar se os determinantes funcionam ou não de forma simultânea, porquanto a maioria dos autores não concorda com a ideia de coordenação. Outrossim, considera-se que as instituições são muito diferentes entre esses países, especialmente no caso da China, que melhorou a renda per capita sem se enquadrar nos padrões dos Indicadores de Governança Mundial. Terceiro, o artigo apresenta brevemente a história recente do BRICS, aplicando o método de Hausman e Taylor (1981) para controlar o efeitodas variáveis endógenas e das invariantes no tempo. Conclui-se assim que, por um lado, a geografia e o comércio internacional têm sido importantes para explicar o desempenho econômico dos países do BRICS sem desafiar a literatura atual e, por outro, a influência das instituições, apesar de relevante, não corresponde às hipóteses enraizadas na literatura. China e Rússia são países com instituições específicas, portanto os resultados não acompanham os resultados anteriores sobre o papel das instituições, sugerindo que os indicadores podem ter tendência para a ideologia liberal.
Economic rebalancing and geoeconomic challenges for China: the case of intra-BRICS and foreign direct investments
Authors: Milan Marcelo , Santos Leandro Teixeira 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo investiga um importante desafio que a China enfrentará nos próximos anos: as consequências geoeconômicas do rebalanceamento de seu regime de crescimento. Do lado da demanda, o investimento e as exportações chinesas abrem espaço para o consumo, reduzindo as importações de bens de capital e aumentando as importações de bens de consumo. Do lado da produção, a indústria perde terreno para os serviços. Contudo, cada regime implica diferentes fluxos comerciais e de investimento e padrões de influência, cooperação e parceria. Assim, a distribuição espacial do comércio e do IED da China deve mudar, modificando os vínculos econômicos com seus parceiros, como os BRICS, e seus poderes de negociação na economia mundial. Este estudo avalia a trajetória das importações chinesas de bens e dos IEDs de outrosBRICS. Em termos de comércio, avaliamos a competitividade das exportações de cada país em relação à produção chinesa. Sobre os fluxos de IDE, consideramos a distribuição setorial do investimento realizado pelas maiores Empresas Multinacionais (EMN) do BRICS para avaliar as mudanças prováveis. Nossa pesquisa sugere que os impactos do rebalanceamento em cada BRICS são geralmente negativos e assimétricos, dependendo da posição destes últimos na divisão internacional do trabalho, moldada pela própria influência geoeconômica da China.