bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversed magnetic shear scenario development in NSTX-U using TRANSP
Authors: Galante M.E. , Boyer M.D. , Uzun-Kaymak I.U. , Foley E.L. , LeBlanc B.P. , Levinton F.M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding and control of electron thermal transport is a critical point of research in magnetic fusion experiments. Previous experiments have shown that operation with reversed magnetic shear (RMS) can suppress electron thermal transport, resulting in the generation of internal transport barriers (ITBs), with the location of the ITB correlated with the location of minimum magnetic shear. The recent upgrades to NSTX—increased magnetic field up to 1 T, increased plasma current up to 2 MA, 2nd neutral beam—present an increased operating space in which to explore electron thermal transport in RMS plasmas. Utilizing TRANSP, we have developed operating scenarios by which to generate RMS in NSTX-U. The results suggest that RMS in NSTX-U can be generated through fast current ramp and early beam injection into a large plasma volume. This is very similar to the procedure that was followed in both TFTR and NSTX to generate RMS. Sustainment of RMS, disregarding non-(

q

min

= 1) MHD events, requires maintaining a large plasma volume, and increasing the core

T

e

, either via increased plasma current and/or adding heating power. Using this procedure, RMS was sustained for ∼1 s, with

q

min

>

1 for that period.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Susceptibility Hazardous and Risk Mapping in Post-2023 Simangulampe Devastating Flood
Authors: Tampubolon Togi , Yanti Jeddah , Hutahaean Juniar , Siregar Gomgom P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Over 169 people along the Simangulampe upstream were under devastating flood and worst landslide watches in December 2023 due to a significant storm bringing the heaviest rainfall and moving giant boulders. Indeed, there are far fewer studies and information on susceptibility hazards in Simangalumpe than in others. First-rate information on impressive risk mitigation strategies increased climate-change consideration and reduced flood risk. We adopt C-band synthetic aperture radar and multispectral imagery from Sentinel to identify, visualize, and analyze flash flood mapping and mitigating to address this issue. Precisely, Simangalumpe flood is considered from surface water indices with various parameters: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified NDWI (MNDWI), and SAR flood inundation mapping. Results show low NDVI values- over 50 percent of plant canopies are damaged (uprooted and broken trees) along Simangulampe upstream. Combining multispectral and SAR properties of the surface water index shows the surface extent of water bodies in Simagalumpe upstream and covers giant boulders. Finally, developing spatial and temporal analysis from multispectral and SAR data results in information on mitigating flash flooding and reducing unnecessary threats.
Physical, Structural and Optical Properties of Rare Earth RE3+ (Ce; Nd; Tb) doped Borosilica Glass Medium
Authors: Simamora Pintor , Rajagukguk Juniastel , Panggabean Jonny Haratua , Simanullang Elyzabeth , Sarumaha Chayani , kaewkhao Jakrapong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Borosilicate glass doped with Re3+ ions (Ce; Nd; Tb) by Melt Quenching method with chemical composition of 10 SiO2 + (50-x) B2O3 + 10BaO + 30Na2O + 0.5x (x = CeF3, Nd2O3, Tb2O3). The synthesized glass is known through physical properties, XRD, FTIR and Absorption Spectra. The molar density and volume increased with the variation of Re3+ ions (Ce; Nd; Tb). XRD spectra were used to determine the structural properties of the glass medium samples, FTIR was recorded from wavelengths of 750-4000 cm-1. The absorption spectra can be observed in the UV-Vis-NIR region of 300-100 nm
Evaluation of sequencing batch reactor performance in handling organic shock loads of ammonia wastewater
Authors: Budiastuti H , Salsabila R N , Anisa S N , Keryanti  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The urea fertilizer industry, in its production process, produces wastewater with a very high ammonia content, which can reach up to 20.000 mg/L. Therefore, before being discharged into water bodies, wastewater needs to be treated, one of which is using a sequential reactor named Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). SBR technology is a simpler technology compared to conventional activated sludge because in its whole process, SBR only needs one reactor. SBR is also able to handle organic and hydraulic shock loads that often occur in industry. The aim of this research is to evaluate the performance of SBR in reducing ammonia and COD contents in wastewater during normal organic loads and when organic shock loads occur. The research results showed that seeding and acclimatization processes were successfully conducted. SBR was fairly capable in reducing ammonia and COD levels in wastewater during normal loading (16.478 mg/L of ammonia) and during organic shock loading (20.198 mg/L of ammonia). The efficiency of reducing ammonia and COD levels was 68.16% and 79.43%, respectively during normal loading; 37.5% and 85.72% during organic shock loading; 36.11% and 93.98% when organic shock loading was continued for 15 days without addition of wastewater feeding for 7 days.
GEANT4 simulation of the application of a high-current repetitively pulsed electron accelerator SINUS-320 for the sterilization of cocoa powder
Authors: Cherepennikov Yu. , Afanasiev K. , Gauzshtein V. , Shevelev M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A preliminary study of the use of the high-current repetitively pulsed electrons accelerator SINUS-320 for the sterilization of cocoa powder was conducted through statistical simulations. It was shown that the SINUS-320 generator allowed for the effective sterilization of cocoa powder with a layer thickness of 5–7 mm when operating at accelerating voltages of 550 kV. The study was conducted through statistical modelling using the GEANT4 simulation toolkit. The results are presented as a dependence of the radiation dose on the depth of exposure.
Study of L-nitroarginine perchlorate and L-nitroarginine tetrafluoroborate crystals
Authors: Sukiasyan R P , Apreyan R A , Danghyan A A , Gharibyan N S , Atanesyan A K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the present work, we report the results of vibrational spectroscopic (Fourier transform IR and Raman), UV-Vis transmission, thermal properties, and nonlinear optical activity of L-nitroarginine perchlorate (L-NNA·HClO4) and L-nitroarginine tetrafluoroborate (L-NNA·HBF4) crystals. The NLO activity of crystals was measured. All study data of crystals were compared with L-arginine perchlorates, L-arginine tetrafluroborates, and L-nitroarginine data. Bulk single crystals of L-NNA· HClO4 and L-NNA·HBF4, semi-organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, have been grown from an aqueous solution.
Inter-pixel cross-talk as background to two-photon interference effects in SPAD arrays
Authors: Kulkov Sergei , Potuckova Tereza , Bernasconi Ermanno , Bruschini Claudio , Milanese Tommaso , Charbon Edoardo , Shawkat Mst Shamim Ara , Nomerotski Andrei , Svihra Peter 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cross-talk is a well-known feature of single-photon
avalanche detectors. It is especially important to account for this
effect in applications involving temporal coincidences of two or
more photons registered by the sensor since in this case the
cross-talk may mimic the useful signal. In this work, we
characterize the cross-talk of the LinoSPAD2 detector, as well as
perform joint measurements of the cross-talk and Hanbury Brown-Twiss
two-photon interference, comparing and cross-calibrating both
effects. With a median dark count rate of 125 cps/pixel, we report
the average cross-talk probability of 0.22% for the nearest
neighbor and also observe a long-range cross-talk of the order
2 · 10-5% for channels separated by up to 20 pixels.
Effect of Packaging & Storage Duration to RGL Mandarin Citrus Quality
Authors: Ivanti Lina , Siagian Irma C. , Mikasari Wilda , Hutapea Nelly , Cahyaningrum Herma , Hidayat Taufik , Ambarsari Indrie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
RGL Mandarin Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) have economic value and widely developed in Sumatra region such as Bengkulu Province. RGL Mandarin Citrus shelf life at room temperature is very short. Packaging and cold storage are common used to extend fruit shelf life The aim of this study was to examine the influence of packaging variations on the quality of RGL Mandarin Citrus during storage. The experiment was conducted using two factors in a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial with 4 replications. The treatments were : 1) variations of packaging that consisted of wrapped plastic as a cover and polyethylene plastic packaging and 2) storage duration. Every five days, on days 0 through 60, observations were made regarding the amount of weight lost, diameter height & width, juice content, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and vitamin C content. The result showed that combination of packaging and storage time does not show any interaction with the entire packaging variable, but there is an independent effect of treatment on some variables. The storage period has a tangible effect on the entire observation variable except the width of the diameter. Meanwhile, packaging treatment has no tangible impact on the juice and vitamin C level variables, but has a significant impact on all observations at the 95% confidence level (P<0.05). Then, RGL Mandarin Citrus can be stored for up to 60 days at 10°C with cling wrap packaging. Due to juice criteria, it can only be stored for a maximum of 30 days. In the meantime, RGL Mandarin Citrus should only be stored for up to 45 days according to the vitamin C quality standard.
The Effectiveness of Biopharmaceuticals in Controlling Warehouse Pests in the Storage of Feed Ingredient
Authors: Pustika Arlyna B , Widyayanti S , Winarti E , Gunawan  , Mahdayani C , Sutoko N A , Purwanti N H , Mugiasih A , Sudarmaji  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Warehouse pest control is often carried out by using synthetic insecticide such as methyl bromide, hydrogen phosphine and pyrethroids to sprayed on the surface of materials. Biopharmaceuticals from Zingiberaceae family can be used for botanical pesticides as a component of pest control including warehouse pests. The research aim to determine the effect of the application of galangal powder, black curcuma, and yellow curcuma on warehouse feed storage materials to pest mortality, life cycle and material shrinkage. The experiment was carried out from February to May 2020 and arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was biopharmaceuticals consisting of galangal, black curcuma, yellow curcuma, and control, whereas the second factor was storage feed ingredients consisting of fresh dried cassava powder (DCP), expired DCP, peanut husk (PH), and copra meal (CM). Observation of pest mortality, life cycle, and the material shrinkage was conducted every two weeks. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance at a level of 5%, then Duncan’s Multiple Range Test was further used to determine the effect of each treatment. Results showed that there was a positive interaction between galangal biopharmaceuticals and the mortality increase of Sitophilus zeamays and Tribolium castaneum. Galangal had a significant effect on the highest mortality of both pests whereas Sithopilus zeamays and Tribolium castaneum mortality were 58,57% and 49,67%, respectively. Galangal and fresh dried cassava also had a significant effect on decreasing hatch of eggs of the two pests.
Effectiveness of Types of Additives on the Quality of Chicken Feather Compost
Authors: Dewi S S , Mulyono  , Koeswara D D , Hartanto T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chicken feathers contain nutrients that are essential for plant growth, including high nitrogen levels (11.8%) and low carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (7.18). This necessitates the introduction of additives to enhance the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of chicken feather compost. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of additives utilized as a mixture for composting chicken feathers. The application of additives has the potential to enhance the quality of the resulting compost, ensuring that nitrogen is not lost as ammonia gas and that the final product meets the standards set forth by the SNI compost standard. This research was conducted using a complete experimental method, as outlined in the following sections. The quantity of the combined ingredients is determined by calculating the C/N ratio, which is set at 30:1. The following treatment was applied: A = (chicken feathers 5 kg + coconut husk powder 14.6 kg), B = (chicken feathers 5 kg + teak sawdust 7.65 kg), C = (chicken feathers 5 kg + dried teak leaves 15.5 kg), D = (chicken feathers 5 kg). The experimental design comprised four treatments, each replicated three times, resulting in a total of 12 experimental units. The composting process was conducted for 35 days, and the optimal mixture was identified as chicken feathers combined with Nano Biochar and urea as a substitute for nitrogen fertilizer.
Intellect and intuition
Authors: Landy Joshua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the prominent place given by Proust to two mental faculties: intellect and intuition. This pair of faculties more or less maps onto conscious and unconscious parts of the mind—a division for which Proust did not need Freud, since plenty of other thinkers had been talking about unconscious forces over several decades prior to his arrival. In Proust, intellect and intuition sometimes compete with each other, offering conflicting hypotheses about the outside world; sometimes they operate independently; but in the most interesting cases they work together, making possible lucid self-delusion, involuntary memory, self-understanding, and even the creation of art.
Multilayer Technique Using Calcium Hydroxylapatite Biostimulation With Different Dilutions in the Lateral Face
Authors: Hernandez Claudia , Viscomi Bianca , Faria Gladstone , Vasconcelos Rossana , Schneider Carolina , Moreno Jorge , Muniz Mariana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
There seems to be an interdependency of superficial structures on deeper layers, so that aging-related changes in 1 layer may lead to changes to the adjacent layers. Following the same rationale, treatment of 1 area may influence other neighboring aesthetic units. A more holistic approach would encompass soft-tissue repositioning and regenerative biostimulation, aiming for improvement of skin quality by increasing skin's collagen content.

Objectives
To describe the use of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) in different presentations for soft-tissue repositioning and improvement of skin quality in the same session.

Methods
Males or females between 40 and 60 years of age, with normal BMI, mild facial laxity, underwent supraperiosteal injection of undiluted CaHA for focal biostimulation along the zygomatic arch, in the mandible angle and in the prejowl area, followed by treatment of diluted CaHA in the posterior temporal area, and the remainder in the premasseteric area in the same session, with follow-up pf at least 90 days. Investigator assessment was evaluated using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.

Results
Out of 6 treated patients (median age of 44.5 years), 66% were deemed as improved (Grade 3) for the treatment of upper third of the face, whereas 83% of the patients were assessed as having at least improved for the mid and lower thirds of the face. Only mild adverse events were reported.

Conclusions
The technique described in this pilot study provides a full-face approach with CaHA based on the current concepts of the line of ligaments and facial biomechanics. Further studies are needed to validate the results.

Level of Evidence: 4
Gemini and physical world: large language models can estimate the intensity of earthquake shaking from multimodal social media posts
Authors: Mousavi S Mostafa , Stogaitis Marc , Gadh Tajinder , Allen Richard M , Barski Alexei , Bosch Robert , Robertson Patrick , Cho Youngmin , Thiruverahan Nivetha , Raj Aman 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
This paper presents a novel approach to extract scientifically valuable information about Earth's physical phenomena from unconventional sources, such as multimodal social media posts. Employing a state-of-the-art large language model (LLM), Gemini 1.5 Pro's, we estimate earthquake ground shaking intensity from these unstructured posts. The model's output, estimated intensity values, aligns well with independent observational data. Furthermore, our results suggest that LLMs, trained on vast internet data, may have developed a unique understanding of physical phenomena. Specifically, Google's Gemini models demonstrate a simplified understanding of the general relationship between earthquake magnitude, distance and intensity, accurately describing observational data even though it is not identical to established models. These findings raise intriguing questions about the extent to which Gemini's training has led to a broader understanding of the physical world and its phenomena. The ability of Generative AI models like Gemini to generate results consistent with established scientific knowledge highlights their potential to augment our understanding of complex physical phenomena like earthquakes. The flexible and effective approach proposed in this study holds immense potential for enriching our understanding of the impact of physical phenomena and improving resilience during natural disasters. This research is a significant step toward harnessing the power of social media and AI for natural disaster mitigation, opening new avenues for understanding the emerging capabilities of Generative AI and LLMs for scientific applications.
Simulated achievement rate of β-lactams/nacubactam treatment in humans using instantaneous MIC-based PK/PD analysis
Authors: Igarashi Yuki , Taguchi Kazuaki , Enoki Yuki , Chuang Victor Tuan Giam , Matsumoto Kazuaki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Nacubactam (NAC), a new diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitor, is being developed for use together with aztreonam (AZT) and cefepime (CFPM). However, the effective clinical dosages of AZT/NAC and CFPM/NAC have not yet been established. We have previously shown that free time above instantaneous MIC (fT &gt; MICi) is a valuable pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic parameter for β-lactam (BL)/NAC in a mouse thigh infection model.

Objectives
This study simulated the fT &gt; MICi (%) for AZT/NAC and CFPM/NAC against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) with different MIC in humans to estimate the clinical efficacy at practically achievable combination doses of AZT/NAC and CFPM/NAC.

Methods
Using previously reported PK parameters of each drug in humans and chequerboard MIC data, we calculated the fT &gt; MICi (%) for AZT/NAC and CFPM/NAC in 10 000 simulated patients to predict the percentages of target attainment of bacteriostatic and bactericidal efficacies at various combined doses.

Results
The results predicted that both BL/NAC combinations could achieve 100% 2 log10-kill against CPE strains at the lowest combination dose (0.5 g/0.5 g q8h). Additionally, in MIC studies examining BLs/NAC at a 1:1 ratio, the dosage regimen for strains with MICcomb ≤ 1 mg/L was expected to offer 100% bactericidal efficacy (2 log10-kill) at 0.5 g/0.5 g q8h or higher doses. For strains with 1 mg/L &lt; MICcomb ≤ 16 mg/L, BLs/NAC at a 2 g/2 g q8h was predicted to produce bactericidal efficacy (1 log10-kill). At MICcomb = 32 mg/L, some bacteriostatic effect was expected at high BL doses.

Conclusions
AZT/NAC and CFPM/NAC are bactericidal against CPE at practically achievable dosages.
The role of evolving niche choice in herbivore adaptation to host plants
Authors: Nabutanyi Peter , Edison Alitha , Czuppon Peter , Xu Shuqing , Wittmann Meike 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Individuals living in heterogeneous environments often choose microenvironments that provide benefits to their fitness. Theory predicts that such niche choice can promote rapid adaptation to novel environments and help maintain genetic diversity. An open question of large applied importance is how niche choice and niche choice evolution affect the evolution of insecticide resistance in phytophagous insects. We, therefore, developed an individual-based model based on phytophagous insects to examine the evolution of insecticide resistance and niche choice via oviposition preferences. To find biologically realistic parameter ranges, we performed an empirical literature survey on insecticide resistance in major agricultural pests and also conducted a density-dependent survival experiment using potato beetles. We find that, in comparison to a scenario where individuals randomly oviposit eggs on toxic or non-toxic plants, the evolution of niche choice generally leads to slower evolution of resistance and facilitates the coexistence of different phenotypes. Our simulations also reveal that recombination rate and dominance effects can influence the evolution of both niche choice and resistance. Thus, this study provides new insights into the effects of niche choice on resistance evolution and highlights the need for more studies on the genetic basis of resistance and choice.
A detailed analysis of the penile fibro-vascular assembly
Authors: Hsu Geng-Long , Chang Hong-Chiang , Molodysky Eugen , Hsu Chih-Yuan , Tsai Mang-Hung , Yin Jue-Hawn , Chen Ming-Tsun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Although various compartments of the human cardiovascular system have been thoroughly elucidated, the penile fibrovascular assembly remains an exception that has yet to be fully explored; therefore, this gap in our understanding prompts us to conduct further investigations.

Aim
This study revisits the penile-fibro-vascular assembly to determine whether it constitutes an independent vascular compartment within the human body.

Methods
The penile-fibro-vascular assembly was meticulously examined in 23 male human cadavers. The loupe-assisted observation was used to compare the size of bilateral penile arteries, conspicuously addressed at the hilum, and to isolate erection-related vascular channels meticulously with a loupe, as extensively as possible. Additionally, a comprehensive library was analyzed, including 801 cadaveric images, 1001 sets of dual cavernosographies, 11 spongiosographies, 7 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)/computed tomography (CT) cavernosographies, 61 Doppler’s sonographies, and 15 selective internal pudendal arteriographies. Hemodynamic phenomena were observed both intra-corporeally and extra-corporeally in patients who underwent penile venous stripping (n = 501), coil embolization (n = 6), and pudendal arterial stenting (n = 5).

Outcomes
This study confirms the existence of an independent penile fibro-vascular hydraulic environment within the human cardiovascular system.

Results
The human penis contains an independent bi-layered fibrovascular assembly. Anatomical symmetry of bilateral arteries is rare on the arterial side. On the venous drainage side, there is one deep dorsal vein (DDV), two cavernosal veins, and four para-arterial veins, contrary to the conventional understanding of only a single DDV between the tunica albuginea and Buck’s fascia. The penile venous drainage blood ultimately returns to pulmonary circulation.

Clinical implications
Penile vascular surgery, particularly penile venous stripping, is shown to be the most physiologically appropriate method for restoring erectile function; contrarily, erection-related arterial stents, or venous embolization do not offer similar benefits.

Strengths and limitations
This study’s strength lies in its extensive analysis of a large repository of anatomical, physiological, radiographic imaging, and clinical vascular data; however, its retrospective nature represents a limitation.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that the penile fibro-vascular assembly functions as an independent vascular system, substantially making it the last vascular compartment to be disclosed in the human body.