bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocal characteristics of prairie dog alarm calls across an urban noise gradient
Authors: Shannon Graeme , McKenna Megan F , Wilson-Henjum Grete E , Angeloni Lisa M , Crooks Kevin R , Wittemyer George 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Increasing anthropogenic noise is having a global impact on wildlife, particularly due to the masking of crucial acoustical communication. However, there have been few studies examining the impacts of noise exposure on communication in free-ranging terrestrial mammals. We studied alarm calls of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) across an urban gradient to explore vocal adjustment relative to different levels of noise exposure. There was no change in the frequency 5%, peak frequency, or duration of the alarm calls across the noise gradient. However, the minimum frequency—a commonly used, yet potentially compromised metric—did indeed show a positive relationship with noise exposure. We suspect this is a result of masking of observable call properties by noise, rather than behavioral adjustment. In addition, the proximity of conspecifics and the distance to the perceived threat (observer) did affect the frequency 5% of alarm calls. These results reveal that prairie dogs do not appear to be adjusting their alarm calls in noisy environments but likely do in relation to their social context and the proximity of a predatory threat. Anthropogenic noise can elicit a range of behavioral and physiological responses across taxa, but elucidating the specific mechanisms driving these responses can be challenging, particularly as these are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Our research sheds light on how prairie dogs appear to respond to noise as a source of increased risk, rather than as a distraction or through acoustical masking as shown in other commonly studied species (e.g., fish, songbirds, marine mammals).
Population genomics of Bombus terrestris reveals high but unstructured genetic diversity in a potential glacial refugium
Authors: Silva Sara E , Seabra Sofia G , Carvalheiro Luísa G , Nunes Vera L , Marabuto Eduardo , Mendes Raquel , Rodrigues Ana S B , Pina-Martins Francisco , Yurtsever Selçuk , Laurentino Telma G , Figueiredo Elisabete , Rebelo Maria T , Paulo Octávio S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ongoing climate change is expected to cause an increase in temperature and a reduction of precipitation levels in the Mediterranean region, which might cause changes in many species distributions. These effects negatively influence species gene pools, decreasing genetic variability and adaptive potential. Here, we use mitochondrial DNA and RADseq to analyse population genetic structure and genetic diversity of the bumblebee species Bombus terrestris (subspecies Bombus terrestris lusitanicus), in the Iberian Peninsula. Although this subspecies shows a panmictic pattern of population structure across Iberia and beyond, we found differentiation between subspecies B. t. lusitanicus and B. t. africanus, probably caused by the existence of barriers to gene flow between Iberia and North Africa. Furthermore, the results revealed that the Iberian Peninsula harbours a large fraction of B. terrestris intraspecific genetic variation, with the highest number of mitochondrial haplotypes found when compared with any other region in Europe studied so far, suggesting a potential role for the Iberian Peninsula as a glacial refugium. Our findings strengthen the idea that Iberia is a very important source of diversity for the global genetic pool of this species, because rare alleles might play a role in population resilience against human- or climate-mediated changes.
Glutathione S-transferase omega 2 regulates cell growth and the expression of E-cadherin via post-transcriptional down-regulation of β-catenin in human esophageal squamous cells
Authors: Terayama Masayoshi , Yamada Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Teruki , Inazuka Fumika , Sezaki Takuhito , Igari Toru , Yokoi Chizu , Nohara Kyoko , Soma Daisuke , Dohi Taeko , Kawamura Yuki I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase omega 2 (GSTO2), which belongs to the superfamily of GST omega class, lacks any appreciable GST activity. Although GSTO2 exhibits thioltransferase and glutathione dehydrogenase activities, its precise expression and physiological functions are still unclear. In the present study, we found that GSTO2 is exclusively expressed in the basal cell layer in Ki67-negative non-proliferative cells in the human esophageal mucosa. GSTO2 overexpression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines inhibited cell growth and colony formation, and GSTO2-transfected cells formed smaller tumors in nude mice compared with mock-transfected cells. Interestingly, GSTO2 induction suppressed the expressions of E-cadherin and β-catenin at the cell–cell contact site. We quantified the phosphorylation levels of key proteins of MAPK signaling pathway and identified phosphorylation of p38. Additionally, HSP27, a downstream molecule of p38, was accelerated in GSTO2-transfected cells, unlike in mock-transfected cells. When GSTO2-transfected cells were treated with a p38 inhibitor, the expression of β-catenin and the membrane localization of E-cadherin was recovered. We next examined GSTO2 expression in 61 ESCC tissues using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. The results showed that GSTO2 mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in ESCC compared with normal tissues. When human ESCC cell lines were treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, a DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor, GSTO2 transcription was induced, suggesting that aberrant hypermethylation is the cause of the down-regulated expression. Our results indicate that GSTO2 expression inhibits the membrane localization of E-cadherin, probably by modulation of the p38 signaling pathway. Down-regulation of GSTO2 by DNA hypermethylation contributes to the growth and progression of ESCC.
Metal-containing Particulate Matter and Associated Reduced Olfactory Identification Ability in Children from an Area of High Atmospheric Exposure in Mexico City
Authors: Guarneros Marco , López-Rivera Cristina , Gonsebatt María Eugenia , Alcaraz-Zubeldia Mireya , Hummel Thomas , Schriever Valentin A , Valdez Bertha , Hudson Robyn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAir pollution has been linked to poor olfactory function in human adults. Among pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is especially relevant, as it may contain toxic metal ions that can reach the brain via olfactory pathways. Our purpose was to investigate the relation between atmospheric PM and olfactory identification performance in children. Using a validated method, we tested the olfactory identification performance of 120 children, 6–12 years old, from two locations in Mexico City: a focal group (n = 60) from a region with high PM levels and a control group of equal size and similar socioeconomic level from a region with markedly lower PM concentrations. Groups were matched for age and sex. Concentrations of manganese and lead in the hair of participants were determined as biomarkers of exposure. Daily outdoor PM levels were obtained from official records, and indoor PM levels were measured in the children’s classrooms. Official records confirmed higher levels of outdoor PM in the focal region during the days of testing. We also found higher classroom PM concentrations at the focal site. Children from the focal site had on average significantly lower olfactory identification scores than controls, and hair analysis showed significantly higher levels of manganese for the focal children but no difference in lead. Children appear to be vulnerable to the effects of air pollution on olfactory identification performance, and metal-containing particles likely play a role in this. Olfactory tests provide a sensitive, noninvasive means to assess central nervous function in populations facing poor air quality.
Antibiotic Duration, but Not Abscess Size, Impacts Clinical Cure of Limited Skin and Soft Tissue Infection After Incision and Drainage
Authors: Lake Jason G , Miller Loren G , Fritz Stephanie A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Antibiotics are frequently prescribed following incision and drainage of cutaneous abscesses. In subgroup analyses from a recent clinical trial, we observed higher likelihood of cure with antibiotic courses beyond 5 or 7 days (up to 10). Among this cohort, for abscesses ≤5 cm, size did not modify the antibiotic effect.
Mediating Syria’s Strangers Through Levinas: Communication Ethics and the Visuals of Children
Authors: Irom Bimbisar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates how the visuals of two children affected by the Syrian conflict, Alan Kurdi and Omran Daqneesh, circulate within the humanitarian imaginary. I argue that these communication artifacts offer us an opportunity to explore the links between two areas not often thought of in conjunction: ethical theory and mediation. The goal is to contribute to our understanding of the relationships between communication ethics and the mediated representations of subjects who are perceived as “Others.” The visuals of Alan and Omran are appropriate for this investigation, given their evident Otherness as Syrians to a predominantly Western audience. Exploring these visuals in the light of Emmanuel Levinas’ ethical call of the Other and the mediated visibility of sufferers will further our understanding of the connections between communication ethics and mediation as textual and social/ethical practice.
The Issue Niche Theory of Nongovernmental and Nonprofit Organizations’ Interorganizational Network Ecology
Authors: Yang Aimei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSocieties are filled with numerous issues. Issues are contestable matters of concerns regarding facts, values, or policies, of which resolutions may affect social change. Some issues—such as climate change, gun rights, health care, and gender inequality—are extensively covered in the news and often become the center of public discourse and debates. Issues sometimes pose imminent threats to communities and even entire countries, and such conditions often call for the mobilization of considerable social resources and require collaborations of individuals and organizations from different social sectors and across countries.
Expanding Advice Response Theory by Incorporating Goal Inference: College Students’ Perceptions of Parental Exercise Advice
Authors: Guntzviller Lisa M , Ratcliff Chelsea L , Pusateri Kimberly B 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe expanded Advice Response Theory (ART) by proposing that recipient perceptions of advisor characteristics can be distal (e.g., parenting style) and proximal (e.g., goal inference). We examined how the recipient’s inference of the advisor’s goals (confirmation, change, and novelty) mediates associations between distal characteristics and message feature evaluations and outcomes. As predicted, positive associations occurred between perceptions of parenting style, confirmation goal inference, advice efficacy and positive facework, and desirable advice outcomes. Counter to predictions, inferring change and novelty goals did not have uniformly undesirable effects. An inference of the change goal was associated with higher efficacy ratings and the recipient changing plans following the conversation. Our findings support conceptualizing ART advisor characteristics as distal and proximal, and advisor goal inference as a relevant proximal characteristic.
In patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung resection, does three-dimensional endoscopic vision provide superior clinical outcomes?
Authors: Chandarana Karishma , Caruana Edward J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether the use of 3-dimensional endoscopic vision provides superior clinical outcomes to patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung resection. Altogether 231 unique papers were found using the reported search, of which 6 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Four of the 6 papers demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in operative time, although this difference may not be of sufficient magnitude to be relevant clinically. There was no difference in any other outcomes assessed. We therefore conclude that, in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung resection, 3-dimensional endoscopic vision has no demonstrable impact on perioperative or oncological outcomes, or cost, although it may reduce operative time.
Allegiance, Ability, and Achievement in the American Civil War: Commander Traits and Battlefield Military Effectiveness
Authors: Arnold Jeffrey B , Chatagnier J Tyson , Hollibaugh Gary E 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHow do the characteristics of military leaders relate to battlefield outcomes? To answer this question, we employ original battle-level data and biographical information on hundreds of commanders in more than 250 battles in the American Civil War. We examine the relationship between two common measures of battlefield success (victory and casualties) and two latent features of commanders—competence and loyalty—that have long been seen as important in the broader study of executive appointments. We find that competent commanders are associated with more successful battlefield outcomes, as are more loyal Confederate commanders. More broadly, our analysis suggests that focusing on the relationship between military appointments and battlefield outcomes—with the latter's relatively clear definition of “success”—allows for direct examination of the relationship between appointee traits and organizational performance. As such, our results have implications for the study of conflict as well as bureaucratic politics.
Specific staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types and clonal complexes are associated with low-level amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefalotin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Authors: Wegener Alice , Damborg Peter , Guardabassi Luca , Moodley Arshnee , Mughini-Gras Lapo , Duim Birgitta , Wagenaar Jaap A , Broens Els M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a common pathogen in dogs and methicillin resistance has emerged over recent decades. According to the current guidelines, S. pseudintermedius displaying oxacillin resistance should be reported as resistant to all β-lactams.

Objectives
To identify possible associations between β-lactam resistance levels and clonal complexes (CCs) and/or staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types in methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP).

Methods
MICs of oxacillin, penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefalotin were determined by broth microdilution for 86 clinical canine MRSP isolates from Denmark and the Netherlands. PCR and sequencing were used for SCCmec typing and MLST.

Results
Isolates belonged to CC71 (n = 36), CC258 (n = 33), CC45 (n = 11), CC68 (n = 1) and five singleton STs. SCCmecII-III was exclusively found in CC71 and SCCmecIV was significantly associated with CC258. SCCmecV and non-typeable SCCmec types occurred in 4 and 14 isolates, respectively. SCCmecIV was associated with lower MICs of oxacillin (&lt;2 mg/L), ampicillin (&lt;8 mg/L) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (&lt;4 mg/L) and with susceptibility to cefalotin (&lt;4 mg/L). All isolates harbouring SCCmecV were susceptible to cefalotin as well.

Conclusions
SCCmec types were associated with different CCs and with either high- or low-level resistance to different β-lactams. The finding of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20%) and cefalotin (70%) in vitro susceptibility across all CCs might have clinical implications, since amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and first-generation cephalosporins are first-choice antibiotics for treatment of S. pseudintermedius infections. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and clinical outcome studies are warranted to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of these β-lactams for treatment of MRSP infections.
Morphology and orientated growth of second-phase precipitates in a Eu2+-doped equimolar KCl:KBr solid solution: an epifluorescence microscopy study by using the doping ion as a fluorochrome
Authors: Cordero-Borboa Adolfo Ernesto , Unda-Angeles Rodrigo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe shape and orientation of second-phase precipitates in a Eu2+-doped equimolar KCl:KBr solid solution are reported in this paper as they were unveiled by epifluorescence microscopy. To make this, microscopy images of different optical cross sections of some precipitate fields and, also, of some representative precipitates in these fields, were recorded by using the Eu2+ ion itself as a fluorochrome. From these images, the corresponding precipitate fields and individual precipitates were electronically reconstructed into the host lattice space. Previously, the KCl:KBr:Eu2+ system was characterized by absorption and fluorescence optical spectrophotometry, to tailor properly the fluorescence mirror unit, as well as by powder and single-plate X-ray diffraction, to correlate the host lattice orientation with those of the observed precipitates. These are shaped as plates, with broad faces parallel to host lattice {100}, {110} or {120}planes (the {100}, {110} and {120} precipitates, respectively), and as rods, aligned with a host lattice ˂100&gt; direction (the ˂100&gt; precipitates). The {100}, {110}, {120}-precipitate broad faces are in the shapes of 72.6° rhomboids, rectangles and 59.5° rhomboids, with a side lying along host lattice &lt;310&gt;, &lt;110&gt; and &lt;421&gt; directions, respectively, and with another side lying along a &lt;100&gt; direction. A typical precipitate field and the spatial reconstructions of typical {100}, {110}, {120} and ˂100&gt; precipitates, as well as their corresponding electronic 3D-geometrical models, are described in detail. It is discussed that four different europium precipitation states are responsible for the precipitation and that the precipitate lattices are spatially coherent with the host lattice.
Oversampling of Minority Populations Through Dual-Frame Surveys
Authors: Chen Sixia , Stubblefield Alexander , Stoner Julie A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Previous studies have shown disparities in health conditions and behaviors among different ethnic groups. Sampling designs that do not consider oversampling certain minority populations, such as American Indians or African Americans, may not produce sufficient sample sizes for estimating health parameters for minority populations. Oversampling is one of the most common approaches that researchers use to achieve required precision levels for small domain estimation. However, it has not been rigorously investigated in dual-frame survey settings. To take advantage of extra information for minority populations in the Marketing Systems Group database, we propose a novel optimal oversampling strategy that minimizes the domain variance subject to total cost restriction or vice versa. We further extend the method to oversample multiple minorities simultaneously. Empirical study using a population-based community survey shows the benefits of our proposed methods compared with traditional methods in terms of statistical efficiency and cost balance.
X-ray study of the double source plane gravitational lens system Eye of Horus observed with XMM–Newton
Authors: Tanaka Keigo , Tsuji Ayumi , Akamatsu Hiroki , Chan J H H , Coupon Jean , Egami Eiichi , Finet Francois , Fujimoto Ryuichi , Ichinohe Yuto , Jaelani Anton T , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Mitsuishi Ikuyuki , More Anupreeta , More Surhud , Oguri Masamune , Okabe Nobuhiro , Ota Naomi , Rusu Cristian E , Sonnenfeld Alessandro , Tanaka Masayuki , Ueda Shutaro , Wong Kenneth C 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
A double source plane (DSP) system is a precious probe for the density profile of distant galaxies and cosmological parameters. However, these measurements could be affected by the surrounding environment of the lens galaxy. Thus, it is important to evaluate the cluster-scale mass for detailed mass modelling. We observed the Eye of Horus, a DSP system discovered by the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Survey (HSC–SSP), with XMM–Newton. We detected two X-ray extended emissions, originating from two clusters, one centred at the Eye of Horus, and the other located ∼100 arcsec north-east to the Eye of Horus. We determined the dynamical mass assuming hydrostatic equilibrium, and evaluated their contributions to the lens mass interior of the Einstein radius. The contribution of the former cluster is $1.1^{+1.2}_{-0.5}\times 10^{12}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, which is $21\!-\!76{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total mass within the Einstein radius. The discrepancy is likely due to the complex gravitational structure along the line of sight. On the other hand, the contribution of the latter cluster is only $\sim 2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ on the Eye of Horus. Therefore, the influence associated with this cluster can be ignored.
3D Modeling of absorption by various species for hot jupiter HD209458b
Authors: Shaikhislamov I F , Khodachenko M L , Lammer H , Berezutsky A G , Miroshnichenko I B , Rumenskikh M S 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The absorption of stellar radiation observed at transits of HD209458b in resonant lines of OI and CII has not yet been satisfactorily modeled. In our previous 2D simulations we have shown that hydrogen-dominated upper atmosphere of HD209458b, heated by XUV radiation, expands supersonically beyond the Roche lobe and drags heavier species along with it. Assuming solar abundances, OI and CII particles accelerated by tidal forces to velocities up to 50 km/s should produce the absorption due to Doppler resonance at the level of 6–10 per cent, consistent with the observations. Since the 2D geometry does not take into account the Coriolis force in a planet reference frame, the question remained to which extent the spiraling of escaping planetary material and actually achieved velocity may influence the conclusions made on basis of 2D modeling. In the present paper we apply for the first time in studies of HD209458b a global 3D hydrodynamic multi-fluid model. The results confirm our previous findings that the velocity of the planetary flow is sufficiently high to match the widths of OI and CII resonant lines. To match absorption in those lines, including HI, with observations, the mass loss rate of HD209458b should be about 2.5·1011 g/s which is 3.5 times larger than that revealed by the 2D model. The other novel finding is that matching of the absorption measured in MgII and SiIII lines requires at least 10 times lower abundances of these elements than the Solar values.