bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical wound anaesthesia: efficacy to mitigate piglet castration pain
Authors: Sheil ML , Chambers M , Sharpe B 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThere is a critical need for safe and effective analgesic treatments to address pain resulting from surgical husbandry procedures in livestock. Piglet castration results in acute pain and stress to the animal; however, it is performed globally on millions of piglets annually, often without any analgesia what‐so‐ever. Tri‐Solfen® (Animal Ethics Pty Ltd, Yarra Glen, Victoria, Australia) is a combination local anaesthetic and antiseptic formulation which, applied topically to wounds, has proven effective, and is registered for use to alleviate pain associated with castration (and other wounds) in lambs and calves in Australia and New Zealand. It is also reported to be effective to reduce pain in piglets following castration.DesignThis randomised, blinded, placebo‐controlled study examined the safety and efficacy of the formulation, administered via an adapted wound instillation method, to control pain both during and following piglet castration.MethodPiglets received Tri‐Solfen or placebo, instilled to the wound immediately following skin incision. A 30 s wait period was then observed prior to completing castration. Pain mitigation was assessed by grading nociceptive resistance movements and piglet vocal response during castration, as well as by grading response to mechanical sensory stimulation of the wound (von Frey and needlestick) following castration.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in nociceptive motor and vocal response during castration and in response to mechanical sensory wound stimulation up to and including 2 h following castration. There were no adverse events.ConclusionAdministered via this method, Tri‐Solfen is effective to mitigate acute peri‐operative castration pain in piglets.
The Influence of Unions on CSR: Is There a Trade‐Off Between Employee‐Oriented and Non–Employee‐Oriented Policies?
Authors: Boodoo Muhammad Umar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStrategic managers are consistently faced with decisions of how to allocate a company's scarce resources to meet the demands of shareholders and other powerful and legitimate stakeholders. This article analyses whether higher union density at company level pushes management to engage more in corporate social responsibility (CSR). Drawing from stakeholder theory and the resource allocation approach of CSR as well as union voice and monopoly models, this article finds that companies have to substitute non–employee‐oriented CSR with employee‐oriented CSR as union density increases but is still at low levels. At higher levels of union density, companies can complement both types of CSR. This perhaps represents a reinforcement of mutual interests between management and organized labour, which has implications for managerial prerogatives as well as union positioning in the labour and political process.
BAP1‐inactivated melanocytic tumor with preserved BAP1 expression? Morphology to the rescue!
Authors: Duncan Lyn M. , Tetzlaff Michael T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBAP1‐inactivated melanocytic tumors typically present with distinctive histopathological changes and loss of nuclear BAP1 protein expression. Rare cases exhibit the typical morphology but with preserved expression of BAP1. In the current issue of Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, Linos et al. describe such a case and provide a comprehensive molecular‐genetic exploration to explain such a phenomenon.
Influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the preferred format of health education delivery in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and or cardiovascular disease: a questionnaire study
Authors: Woolley A. K. , Chudasama Y. , Seidu S. I. , Gillies C. , Schreder S. , Davies M. J. , Khunti K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the influence of sociodemographic factors of interest on preference for a particular health education format among people with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease.MethodsA questionnaire was used to collect information on the influence of six sociodemographic factors of interest on the preference for health education formats in people with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. Chi‐squared tests were used to examine the distribution of preferences between groups. The characteristics of the population preferring the online format were then examined in more detail using logistic regression.ResultsResponses were received from 1559 participants. Overall the preferred health education format was one‐to‐one learning from a doctor or nurse (67%). Age, gender, diagnosis and educational level all affected the preferences expressed. The characteristics showing most consistent and significant influence were age and educational level. Overall, 29% ranked the online format highly (scores 1 or 2). This group were more likely to be aged < 65 years (P < 0.001) and to have a higher level of educational attainment (upper secondary education or higher; P < 0.001).ConclusionsSignificant differences between sociodemographic groups exist in preferences for health education formats among people with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease. Preferences should be considered when designing educational interventions to ensure they are accessible to the target group and to avoid increases in health inequality.
Panel of novel urine biomarkers for incident microalbuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yamashita S. , Shinozaki T. , Murata H. , Matsuyama Y. , Babazono T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe need to identify novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy is widely recognized. However, only a few studies have investigated the association between biomarkers and the onset of albuminuria. In this study, we aimed to investigate a panel of biomarkers suitable for predicting microalbuminuria.MethodsSome 346 Japanese people with type 2 diabetes exhibiting normoalbuminuria were studied. The endpoint was defined as the onset of microalbuminuria. Thirty biomarkers were selected from among urinary biomarkers described in previous studies. A panel of biomarkers was selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The prognostic performance of the developed panel was evaluated.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 6.2 years, 45 people progressed to microalbuminuria. A composite panel of six biomarkers (monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, osteopontin, soluble human tumour necrosis factor receptor‐1, tenascin C, vascular endothelial growth factor‐A and kidney injury molecule‐1) was developed using LASSO. Compared with the basal model comprising estimated GFR and urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio, addition of these six biomarkers significantly increased the overall C index from 0.773 to 0.824 (P = 0.019). Net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement were estimated to be 0.412 (P = 0.049) and 0.040 (P = 0.040), respectively. Decision curve analysis also showed that the model with the six novel biomarkers had a better prognostic value for predicting the onset of microalbuminuria. The optimism was moderate or negligible according to measures.ConclusionsThe panel consisting of six novel urinary biomarkers effectively predicted incident microalbuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes.
A comparison of MTA and Biodentine as medicaments for pulpotomy in traumatized anterior immature permanent teeth: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abuelniel Gihan Mohamed , Duggal Monty Singh , Kabel Nihal 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground/AimThe placement of a biocompatible material after performing pulp therapy in traumatically exposed permanent incisors is one of the important factors that determine pulp healing. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes when using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine as pulpotomy materials to maintain the vitality of traumatized immature anterior permanent teeth with pulp exposure.Materials and MethodsFifty traumatized immature anterior permanent teeth with exposed pulps were included in the study. Teeth were equally divided and randomly assigned to two groups MTA or Biodentine. After pulpotomy, pulp stumps were covered with MTA or Biodentine followed by a permanent restoration. Blinded clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at baseline, immediate post‐operative and after 6, 12 and 18 months according to pre‐determined clinical and radiographic criteria.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were observed between MTA and Biodentine for any of the clinical parameters, except for discoloration, which was significantly more prevalent in the MTA group (P < .001). No significant statistical difference was observed in the radiographic outcomes between MTA and Biodentine, as evidenced by continued root development and by an increased prevalence of root formation stage H in both groups.ConclusionsBoth MTA and Biodentine showed similar clinical and radiographic outcomes when used as pulpotomy materials in the treatment of traumatized immature anterior permanent teeth. However, discoloration was significantly more prevalent in the MTA group.
Identification and pathogenicity of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot and blight disease of Ailanthus excelsa in India
Authors: Kant Rama , Joshi Pooja , Bhandari Maneesh S. , Pandey Amit , Pandey Shailesh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlternaria leaf spot of Ailanthus excelsa is generally considered as minor disease in India. Recently, severe disease outbreaks were recorded in the nursery of the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, progeny trial at Jhumpa, Haryana, and in a nearby farm field. Leaf symptoms included small circular, brown, necrotic spots with a chlorotic halo. With severe infections, leaf spots coalesced and resulted in leaf blight. A small‐spored Alternaria with concatenated conidia was isolated consistently from the leaf samples with spot symptoms. Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the translation elongation factor 1‐alpha (tef‐1α) gene region of two fungal isolates confirmed the species as A. alternata. In detached leaf assays, both isolates produced symptoms similar to those observed on the nursery/field‐grown plants. To validate the detached leaf assay result, pathogenicity was also demonstrated on whole plants in a glasshouse. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re‐isolating A. alternata from the inoculated leaves. This work is the first to confirm that A. alternata is associated with leaf spot and blight disease of A. excelsa in India.
Influence of age at disease onset on future relapses and disability progression in patients with multiple sclerosis on immunomodulatory treatment
Authors: von Wyl V. , Décard B. F. , Benkert P. , Lorscheider J. , Hänni P. , Lienert C. , Kuhle J. , Derfuss T. , Kappos L. , Yaldizli Ö. 
Published: February 2020

Background and purposeTo investigate the relation of age at disease onset and clinical outcomes across the lifespan from adolescence in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on disease‐modifying therapy (DMT).MethodsWe analysed data from the Swiss Association for Joint Tasks of Health Insurers database containing data from 14 718 patients with MS. Patients were included in this analysis when they were on DMT for at least 1 year. The influence of age at disease onset on future relapses and disability worsening was explored using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models.ResultsData from 9705 patients with MS were analysed. Pediatric‐onset MS patients (n = 236) had higher relapse rates and marginally slower disability worsening rates compared with adult‐onset MS (n = 9469). The risk of relapses was highest in childhood and decreased continuously to about 35 years of age. It remained stable for about a decade and then again continuously decreased. In contrast, disability worsening hazards remained stable from childhood to about 32 years of age and then increased sharply around the age of 45 years.ConclusionsAge is an important factor independently affecting clinical outcomes in MS. This should be considered when designing clinical trials or choosing DMT.
New insights into the early mechanisms of epileptogenesis in a zebrafish model of Dravet syndrome
Authors: Tiraboschi Ettore , Martina Silvia , van der Ent Wietske , Grzyb Kamil , Gawel Kinga , Cordero‐Maldonado Maria Lorena , Poovathingal Suresh Kumar , Heintz Sarah , Satheesh Somisetty Venkata , Brattespe Jarle , Xu Ju , Suster Maximiliano , Skupin Alexander , Esguerra Camila V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo pinpoint the earliest cellular defects underlying seizure onset (epileptogenic period) during perinatal brain development in a new zebrafish model of Dravet syndrome (DS) and to investigate potential disease‐modifying activity of the 5HT2 receptor agonist fenfluramine.MethodsWe used CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis to introduce a missense mutation, designed to perturb ion transport function in all channel isoforms, into scn1lab, the zebrafish orthologue of SCN1A (encoding voltage‐gated sodium channel alpha subunit 1). We performed behavioral analysis and electroencephalographic recordings to measure convulsions and epileptiform discharges, followed by single‐cell RNA‐Seq, morphometric analysis of transgenic reporter‐labeled γ‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) neurons, and pharmacological profiling of mutant larvae.ResultsHomozygous mutant (scn1labmut/mut) larvae displayed spontaneous seizures with interictal, preictal, and ictal discharges (mean = 7.5 per 20‐minute recording; P < .0001; one‐way analysis of variance). Drop‐Seq analysis revealed a 2:1 shift in the ratio of glutamatergic to GABAergic neurons in scn1labmut/mut larval brains versus wild type (WT), with dynamic changes in neuronal, glial, and progenitor cell populations. To explore disease pathophysiology further, we quantified dendritic arborization in GABAergic neurons and observed a 40% reduction in arbor number compared to WT (P < .001; n = 15 mutant, n = 16 WT). We postulate that the significant reduction in inhibitory arbors causes an inhibitory to excitatory neurotransmitter imbalance that contributes to seizures and enhanced electrical brain activity in scn1labmut/mut larvae (high‐frequency range), with subsequent GABAergic neuronal loss and astrogliosis. Chronic fenfluramine administration completely restored dendritic arbor numbers to normal in scn1labmut/mut larvae, whereas similar treatment with the benzodiazepine diazepam attenuated seizures, but was ineffective in restoring neuronal cytoarchitecture. BrdU labeling revealed cell overproliferation in scn1labmut/mut larval brains that were rescued by fenfluramine but not diazepam.SignificanceOur findings provide novel insights into early mechanisms of DS pathogenesis, describe dynamic cell population changes in the scn1labmut/mut brain, and present first‐time evidence for potential disease modification by fenfluramine.
Antifibrogenic effects of C‐C chemokine receptor type 2 antagonist in a bleomycin‐induced scleroderma model
Authors: Ishikawa Masato , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere have been several studies on the role of the monocyte chemotactic protein‐1/C‐C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) signalling pathway in fibrotic diseases, which identified the blockade of this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for treating fibrosis. We examined the efficacy of CCR2 antagonist (RS‐504393) in a mouse model of scleroderma induced by bleomycin. RS‐504393 was administered via intradermal injection 6 hours prior to bleomycin injection, in the same sites. Histopathological examination showed that RS‐504393 treatment suppressed dermal fibrosis and decreased dermal thickness. The numbers of mast cells and myofibroblasts in the skin of RS‐504393–treated mice were significantly lower compared with those in PBS‐treated mice. Moreover, the amount of collagen in the skin of RS‐504393–treated mice was significantly lower compared with that in the PBS‐treated mice. Additionally, mRNA levels of TGF‐β1 and collagen I alpha 1 in sclerotic skin were significantly decreased by RS‐504393, and semiquantitative histopathological scoring of the lungs showed inhibition of fibrosis in RS‐504393–treated mice. The amount of collagen in the lung of the RS‐504393–treated mice was lower compared with that in the PBS‐treated mice. These data suggest that CCR2 antagonist RS‐504393 may be a therapeutic agent for human scleroderma.
Evidence that perceptions of and tolerance for medical ambiguity are distinct constructs: An analysis of nationally representative US data
Authors: Simonovic Nicolle , Taber Jennifer M. , Klein William M. P. , Ferrer Rebecca A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMedical information is often conflicting and consequently perceived as ambiguous. There are individual differences both in how much people perceive ambiguity and in their tolerance for such ambiguity. Little is known about how these constructs are related to each other and with other beliefs.ObjectiveTo examine the association between (a) perceived medical ambiguity, (b) tolerance for medical ambiguity and (c) their associations with various medical and cancer‐specific judgement and decision‐making correlates.Method and ParticipantsWe conducted secondary data analyses using the cross‐sectional, nationally representative Health Information National Trends Survey 4, Cycle 4 (n = 3,433, 51.0% female, Mage = 46.5). Analyses statistically controlled for age, sex, race, education and health‐care coverage.Main variables studiedPerceived medical ambiguity, tolerance for medical ambiguity, cancer perceptions, health‐care experiences and preferences, and information‐seeking styles and beliefs.ResultsPerceived medical ambiguity and tolerance for medical ambiguity were statistically independent. Higher perceived ambiguity was associated with lower perceived cancer preventability, lower reliance on doctors, lower perceived health and information‐seeking self‐efficacy, lower perceived quality of the cancer information‐seeking process, and greater cancer information avoidance. Lower tolerance for ambiguity was associated with lower cancer worry, lower trust in doctors, lower likelihood of seeking health information, and lower engagement in medical research.Discussion and ConclusionsPerceived medical ambiguity and tolerance for medical ambiguity seem to be distinct constructs. Findings have implications for how people make medical decisions when they perceive and prefer to avoid conflicting medical information.
Pulmonary peripheral glandular papilloma and mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma frequently harbour the BRAF V600E mutation
Authors: Lin Dong‐Liang , Xing Xiao‐Ming , Ran Wen‐Wen , Zhao Han , Li Guang‐Qi , Xu Jin , Wang Yan , Shao Shi‐Hong , Wang Ji‐Gang 
Published: February 2020

AimsPulmonary peripheral glandular papilloma (GP) and mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma (MP) have very similar histological features to pulmonary ciliated muconodular papillary tumour (CMPT)/bronchiolar adenoma (BA). The underlying genetic relationships between GP/MP and CMPT/BA have rarely been characterised. We aimed to reveal the relationship between them.Methods and resultsWe performed a clinicopathological review and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) study of two GPs and five MPs. Histologically, GPs/MPs showed similar cellular and architectural features to CMPTs/BAs, such as bilayered epithelium, bronchiole‐associated lesions and skipping (discontinuous) growth pattern. One MP showed partial and inconspicuous endobronchiolar growth and more glandular structures, which was very similar to the appearance of CMPT/BA. BRAF V600E mutation was detected in four papillomas (57.1%, one GP and three MPs).ConclusionsOverlapping morphological features and comparable mutation profiles support that peripheral GPs/MPs and CMPTs/BAs are on the same disease spectrum. We propose expanding the concept of CMPT/BA and including GP and MP in the CMPT/BA family.
Capturing temporal dynamics of fear behaviors on a moment‐to‐moment basis
Authors: Shewark Elizabeth A. , Brick Timothy R. , Buss Kristin A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIdentifying patterns of fearful behaviors early and accurately is essential to identify children who may be at increased risk for psychopathology. Previous work focused on the total amount of fear by using composites across time. However, considering the temporal dynamics of fear expression might offer novel insights into the identification of children at risk. One hundred and twenty‐five toddlers participated in high‐ and low‐fear tasks. Data were modeled using a novel two‐step approach. First, a hidden Markov model estimated latent fear states and transitions across states over time. Results revealed children's behavior was best represented by six behavioral states. Next, these states were analyzed using sequence clustering to identify groups of children with similar dynamic trajectories through the states. A four‐cluster solution found groups of children varied in fear response and regulation process: “external regulators” (using the caregiver as a regulation tool), “low reactive” (low reaction to stimulus), “fearful explorers” (managing their own internal state with minimal assistance from the caregiver), and “high fear” (fearful/at‐caregiver state regardless of task). The combination of analytic tools enabled fine‐grained examination of the processes of fearful temperament. These insights may help prevention programs target behaviors that perpetuate anxious behavior in the moment.
Occupational burnout and depression among paediatric dentists in the United States
Authors: Chohan Leena , Dewa Carolyn S. , El‐Badrawy Wafa , Nainar S. M. Hashim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric dentists in the United States may be at greater risk for occupational burnout and/or depression because of chronic stress associated with provision of paediatric dental care and increasing prevalence of females in the workforce.AimsTo determine the prevalence of occupational burnout and/or depression among US paediatric dentists.DesignA self‐administered online anonymous survey was sent to members of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (n = 4735). The questionnaire consisted of seven demographic items, 22 items of Maslach Burnout Inventory (Three subscales: Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal accomplishment), and eight items of Patient Health Questionnaire‐8.ResultsThe survey had a response rate of 11.4% (females = 53%). Twenty‐three per cent of respondents had high emotional exhaustion while fewer respondents had high depersonalization (12%) or low personal accomplishment (10%). Nine per cent fulfilled the study's definition of occupational burnout (high emotional exhaustion + high depersonalization). Seven per cent of respondents had moderate‐to‐severe depression and showed significant correlations (P < .05) with high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. Two out of five respondents with occupational burnout also had moderate‐to‐severe depression. There were no gender differences in prevalence of burnout or depression.ConclusionsFew paediatric dentists had occupational burnout and/or depression.