bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of hyperbranched polyglycerol for cold perfusion and storage of donor kidneys in a pig model of kidney autotransplantation
Authors: Li Shadan , Huang Zhongli , Li Xiaowei , Zhao Youguang , Jiang Xin , Wen Yang , Luo Hao , Wang Liang , Guan Qiunong , Cafeeva Irina , Brooks Donald E. , Nguan Christopher Y. C. , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N. , Du Caigan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) is a biocompatible polyether polymer that is a potential colloid component in a preservation solution for suppressing interstitial edema during cold storage of a donor organ. This study evaluated the outcomes of kidney transplants after cold perfusion and storage with a HPG‐based preservation solution (HPGS) in a pig model of kidney autotransplantation. The left kidneys of farm pigs (weighing 35–45 kg) were perfused with and stored in either cold HPGS or standard UW solution (UWS), followed by transplantation to the right side after right nephrectomy. The survival and function of transplants were determined by the urine output, and serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of recipients. Transplant injury was examined by histological analysis. Here, we showed that there was no significant difference between HPGS and UWS in the prevention of tissue edema, but HPGS was more effective than UWS for initial blood washout of kidney perfusion and for the prevention of cold ischemia injury during cold storage. After autotransplantation, the kidneys preserved with HPGS (HPG group) had better functional recovery than those with UWS (UW group), indicated by significantly more urine output and lower levels of SCr and BUN. The survived grafts in HPG group had less tissue damage than those in UW group. In conclusion, as compared to the UWS the HPGS has less negative impact on kidney cold ischemia during cold storage, resulting in improving immediate functional recovery after transplantation, suggesting that HPG is a promising colloid for donor kidney preservation.
Geometric analysis of anharmonic downward distortion following paths
Authors: Ebisawa Shuichi , Tsutsumi Takuro , Taketsugu Tetsuya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA mathematical aspect of the anharmonic downward distortion following (ADDF) path is discussed. The ADDF method is utilized as an automated reaction path search method, which can explore transition state geometries on a potential energy surface from a potential minimum. We show that the maximum number of the ADD stationary paths intersecting the potential minimum is 2f + 1 − 2, where f denotes the degree of freedom of the system. We also show that the bifurcation of the ADD stationary path is essential to detect all the transition states connected from a given minimum. The ADDF computation is demonstrated for a H2O molecule in which pitchfork bifurcation is observed.
Functional significance of intra‐left ventricular vortices on energy efficiency in normal, dilated, and hypertrophied hearts
Authors: Sarashina‐Motoi Miwa , Iwano Hiroyuki , Motoi Ko , Ishizaka Suguru , Chiba Yasuyuki , Tsujinaga Shingo , Murayama Michito , Nakabachi Masahiro , Yokoyama Shinobu , Nishino Hisao , Okada Kazunori , Kaga Sanae , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the influence of changes in vortices within the left ventricle (LV) on energy efficiency (EE) in normal and diseased hearts.MethodsWe performed vector flow mapping echocardiography in 36 normal participants (N), 36 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (D), and 36 patients with LV hypertrophy (H). The circulation of the main anterior vortex was measured as a parameter of vortex strength. Energy loss (EL) was measured for one cardiac cycle, and EE was calculated as EL divided by stroke work (SW), which represents the loss of kinetic energy per unit of LV external work.ResultsCirculation increased in the order of N, H, and D (N: 15 ± 4, D: 19 ± 8, H: 17 ± 6 × 10−3 m2/s; analysis of variance [ANOVA] P < .01). Conversely, EE increased in the order of N, D, and H (N: 0.22 ± 0.07, D: 0.26 ± 0.16, H: 0.30 ± 0.16 10−5 J/mm Hg mL m s; ANOVA P = .04), suggesting worst EE in group H. We found a positive correlation between circulation and SW only in group N, and positive correlation between circulation and EE only in diseased groups (D: R = 0.55, P < .01; H: R = 0.44, P < .01). Multivariable analyses revealed that circulation was the independent determinant of EE in groups D and H.ConclusionsEnhanced vortices could be associated with effective increase in LV external work in normal hearts. Conversely, they were associated with loss of EE without an optimal increase in external work in failing hearts, regardless of the LV morphology.
Active bleeding after kidney biopsy: Successful ultrasound‐guided direct thrombin embolization into the cortical fistula
Authors: Escudero‐Fernandez Jose Miguel , Bolufer Cardona Mónica , Perez Lafuente Mercedes , Montealegre Carolina , Uriarte Iciar , Serres‐Créixams Xavier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA 27‐year‐old man, previously diagnosed with IgA nephropathy, was referred for native kidney biopsy. After the procedure, the patient presented active bleeding revealed by Doppler and contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography at the biopsy site. Successful embolization of the cortical fistula, the focus of bleeding, was achieved using ultrasound‐guided thrombin injection and confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography, contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography, and CT angiography. This case report shows that contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography is useful for detecting active bleeding after a solid organ biopsy. Moreover, ultrasound‐guided thrombin embolization is a safe and minimally invasive treatment and an alternative to angiography‐guided embolization.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: Is there any role for antioxidant therapy for pain in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Mohta Srikant , Singh Namrata , Gunjan Deepak , Kumar Amit , Saraya Anoop 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChronic pancreatitis (CP) is an irreversible disease with increased oxidative stress. The therapeutic role of antioxidants for pain reduction in CP is debatable. A systematic review of articles in PubMed and Embase until February 2020 was performed. Only randomized controlled trials conducted on humans to evaluate the therapeutic effects of antioxidants for pain in CP were included. Studies of other design, nonhuman studies, and those that did not objectively assess pain were excluded. Twelve articles and four articles were eligible for qualitative and quantitative analysis, respectively. The four included studies had a total of 352 participants. Pain reduction as measured by a visual analog scale was not significantly different in the antioxidant group compared to placebo (standardized mean difference = −0.14 [95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.44 to 0.17]; P = 0.38). Number of pain‐free participants was also similar (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59 [0.97–2.59]; P = 0.06). There was no difference in outcome when comparing different etiologies of CP or age group. The reduction in the number of analgesics used did not differ between both groups. Antioxidants were not associated with increased adverse events (OR = 2.59 [CI = 0.77–8.69]; P = 0.12). A qualitative analysis on the effect on quality of life did not suggest any significant improvement with antioxidants. There was no significant pain reduction or change in quality of life in CP patients with use of antioxidants. This makes their routine use in the management of CP questionable. However, further studies may identify a subgroup where they are more useful.
Morphological and histological examination of short‐wing formation in the winter moth Protalcis concinnata (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Geometridae)
Authors: Niitsu Shuhei , Kamito Takehiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWinter geometrid moths exhibit sexual dimorphism in wing length and female‐specific flightlessness. Female‐specific flightlessness in insects is an interesting phenomenon in terms of sexual dimorphism and reproductive biology. In the winter geometrid moth, Protalcis concinnata (Wileman), adult females have short wings and adult males have fully developed wings. Although the developmental process for wing reduction in Lepidoptera is well studied, little is known about the morphology and the developmental pattern of short‐winged flightless morphs in Lepidoptera. To clarify the precise mechanisms and developmental processes that produce short‐winged morphs, we performed morphological and histological investigations of adult and pupal wing development in the winter geometrid moth P. concinnata. Our findings showed that (a) wing development in both sexes is similar until larval‐pupal metamorphosis, (b) the shape of the sexually dimorphic wings is determined by the position of the bordering lacuna (BL), (c) the BL is positioned farther inward in females than in males, and (d) after the short pupal diapause period, the female pupal wing epithelium degenerates to approximately two‐thirds its original size due to cell death. We propose that this developmental pattern is a previously unrecognized process among flightless Lepidoptera.
Duration–severity–area characteristics of drought events in eastern China determined using a three‐dimensional clustering method
Authors: Liu Bingjun , Liang Manlin , Huang Zeqin , Tan Xuezhi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrought is one of the most destructive types of natural disasters, causing great losses of every aspects worldwide. Using a three‐dimensional (longitude, latitude, and time) clustering method based on gridded 3 month standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index data with a resolution of 0.25° collected for East China between 1960 and 2017, we identified and analysed five characteristics of drought events via the Mann–Kendall (MK) test. The results revealed that this method could capture drought events on the basis of their spatiotemporal characteristics. Drought development processes could be visualized via the spatial expansion of drought patches and the transferring path (reconstructed from the centroids of drought patches observed each month). By applying this identification method to the territory of East China, the occurrence of 174 droughts in the last six decades could be determined; furthermore, their objective existence in the spatiotemporal scale was confirmed by comparing the results with historical records and soil moisture data. The increasing moving speed of the centroids and the non‐repetitive rate of the impacted areas suggests that an increasing number of regions have likely been affected over time by large‐scale drought events. The drought patches associated with all of the events identified in the present study tended to move westward in South China and eastward in southwestern China. The remaining four characteristics (i.e., duration, severity, affected area, and intensity), were used to quantify the degree of drought, along with its development, where significant decreasing trends were found among the first three characteristics. In southwestern China, drought events decreased in frequency, but increased spatially, whereas drought events in southeastern China showed an opposite change. Drought events with a small spatial scale occurred more frequently in coastal regions. The majority of drought events mainly occurred in central and North China and moved northward.
Administrative environmental innovations, supply network structure, and environmental disclosure
Authors: Bellamy Marcus A. , Dhanorkar Suvrat , Subramanian Ravi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study contributes to a theoretical and empirical understanding of whether and how administrative environmental innovations (AEIs)—implemented to help track and manage a firm's environmental impacts—are related to environmental disclosure. Drawing on the Belief–Action–Outcome framework, we posit that the motivation of individuals (employees, managers, and the leadership) within the firm to access, use, and act on the environmental information available to them would be enhanced by the firm's implementation of AEIs, resulting in more extensive environmental disclosure by the firm. Additionally, building on the literature on supply chain networks, we posit that the structural position of the firm vis‐à‐vis its supply network—reflecting information flows, network learning, and status—moderates the AEI implementation–environmental disclosure relationship. To test our hypotheses, we build a multi‐industry dataset of 3,106 firm‐year observations based on 67,809 dyadic cost‐of‐goods‐sold‐based relationships obtained from Bloomberg's supply chain relationships database to construct the supply networks of focal firms. We also draw on Bloomberg's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data for our AEI implementation and environmental disclosure measures. We find significant evidence to support our hypothesis that AEI implementation is positively associated with the extent of environmental disclosure. However, the implementation of both internal and external forms of AEIs has a more pronounced positive relationship with the extent of environmental disclosure, compared to the implementation of either form alone. With regard to supply network structure, we identify three principal variables—accessibility, control, and interconnectedness—that influence network learning and status of the focal firm and find that they moderate the AEI implementation–environmental disclosure relationship. We provide insights for theory and practice based on our findings.
Ultrasound examination predicts 6‐month progression in carpal tunnel syndrome patients
Authors: Farias Zuniga Amanda , Ghavanini Amer A. , Israelian Gaspar , Keir Peter J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a peripheral neuropathy resulting from chronic median nerve compression. Chronic compression leads to neurological changes that are quantified through nerve conduction studies (NCS). Although NCS represents the gold standard in CTS assessment, they provide limited prognostic value. Several studies have identified ultrasound as a tool in diagnosing and potentially predicting the progression of CTS in patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of ultrasound examination in CTS patients. Twenty patients recruited at their first visit with the neurologist completed two NCS and ultrasound examinations approximately 6 months apart. Ultrasound examination consisted of B‐mode, pulse‐wave Doppler and colour Doppler ultrasound videos and images to quantify median nerve cross‐sectional area, intraneural blood flow velocity in three wrist postures (15° flexion, neutral, and 30° extension), and displacement of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon and the adjacent subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) of the middle finger during repetitive finger flexion‐extension cycles. A questionnaire was administered to assess the work‐relatedness of CTS. Linear regression analyses revealed that intraneural blood flow velocity (R2 = 0.36, p = .03), assessed in wrist flexion, and relative FDS‐SSCT displacement (R2 = 0.27, p = .04) and shear strain index (R2 = 0.28, p = .04) were significant predictors of nerve sensory and motor changes at 6 months. Results suggest the possibility of using a battery of ultrasound measures as viable markers to predict median nerve functional changes within 6 months.
Screw‐in‐screw fixation of fragility sacrum fractures provides high stability without loosening—biomechanical evaluation of a new concept
Authors: Zderic Ivan , Wagner Daniel , Schopper Clemens , Lodde Moritz , Richards Geoff , Gueorguiev Boyko , Rommens Pol , Acklin Yves P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSurgical treatment of fragility sacrum fractures with percutaneous sacroiliac (SI) screw fixation is associated with high failure rates. Turn‐out is detected in up to 20% of the patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new screw‐in‐screw implant prototype for fragility sacrum fracture fixation. Twenty‐seven artificial hemipelvises were assigned to three groups (n = 9) for instrumentation of an SI screw, the new screw‐in‐screw implant prototype, ora transsacral screw. Before implantation, a vertical osteotomy was set in zone 1 after Denis. All specimens were biomechanically tested to failure in upright position. Validated setup and test protocol were used for complex axial and torsional loading applied through the S1 vertebral body to promote turn‐out of the implants. Interfragmentary movements were captured via optical motion tracking. Screw motions were evaluated by means of triggered anteroposterior X‐rays. Interfragmentary movements and implant motions were significantly higher for SI screw fixation compared to both transsacral and screw‐in‐screw fixations. In addition, transsacral screw and screw‐in‐screw fixations revealed similar construct stability. Moreover, screw‐in‐screw fixation successfully prevented turn‐out of the implant that remained during testing at 0° rotation for all specimens. From biomechanical perspective, fragility sacrum fracture fixation with the new screw‐in‐screw implant prototype provides higher stability than an SI screw, being able to successfully prevent turn‐out. Moreover, it combines the higher stability of transsacral screw fixation with the less risky operational procedure of SI screw fixation and can be considered as their alternative treatment option.
Use of contemporary biomaterials in chronic osteomyelitis treatment: Clinical lessons learned and literature review
Authors: Geurts Jan A. P. , van Vugt Tom A. G. , Arts Jacobus J. C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChronic osteomyelitis has always been a therapeutic challenge for patient and surgeon due to the specific problems related with bone infection and bacterial biofilm eradication. Other than being the cause of infection or facilitating spread or persistence of infection, biomaterials are also becoming a tool in the treatment of infection. Certain novel biomaterials have unique and ideal properties that render them perfectly suited to combat infection and are therefore used more and more in the treatment of chronic bone infections. In case of infection treatment, there is still debate whether these properties should be focused on bone regeneration and/or their antimicrobial properties. These properties will be of even greater importance with the challenge of emerging antimicrobial resistance. This review highlights indications for use and specific material properties of some commonly used contemporary biomaterials for this indication as well as clinical experience and a literature overview.
On the value of the 2017 classification of phenotype and gingival recessions
Authors: Pini Prato GiovanPaolo , Di Gianfilippo Riccardo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe 2017 World Workshop completely restructured knowledge in periodontology with a series of official consensus statements jointly agreed upon by the American Academy of Periodontology and the European Federation of Periodontology. Among them, the 2017 classification of phenotype and gingival recession successfully incorporated the most relevant previous classifications into a treatment‐oriented diagnostic matrix. Despite the significant advantages related with the implementation of this new classification of gingival recessions, recent articles still report data based on previous outdated systems. Therefore, the present commentary aimed to dive into the key advantages of the 2017 classification of phenotype and gingival recession, and to stress why it should be fully integrated into research and practice settings.
National Analysis of 30‐Day Readmission Following Inpatient Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Khoury Habib , Bellamkonda Nikhil , Benharash Peyman , Lee Jivianne T. , Wang Marilene B. , Suh Jeffrey D. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo characterize the incidence, causes, risk factors, and costs of 30‐day readmission after inpatient functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThe Nationwide Readmissions Database was used to characterize readmission after inpatient sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis from 2015 to 2017. International Classification of Disease codes were used to identify the patient population, which included 5,644 patients. Incidence, causes, costs, and predictors of readmission were analyzed and determined.ResultsAmong 6,386 patients who underwent inpatient FESS, 742 (11.6%) were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. On univariate analysis, patients who were readmitted were more commonly older than 70 years (23.3% vs. 16.2%); had a higher burden of comorbidities including chronic kidney disease (15.0% vs. 7.8%), diabetes (25.6% vs. 20.4%), and hypertension (13.5% vs. 8.5%); had a greater rate of postoperative complications (20.7% vs. 12.2%); and had a longer length of stay (12.4 vs. 6.9 days) compared to patients who were not readmitted. Readmissions cost an additional $27,141 per patient. On multivariable analysis, age greater than 70 years, Medicaid insurance, several comorbidities, prolonged length of stay, postoperative neurologic complications, and lower hospital volume were independent predictors of 30‐day readmission. The most common cause for readmission was infection (36.3%).ConclusionReadmission following inpatient FESS is not uncommon. Identification and management of preoperative comorbidities, optimized patient selection for inpatient surgery, and thorough postoperative discharge care may improve patient outcomes and decrease healthcare expenditures.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1422–E1428, 2021
A National Evaluation of Food Insecurity in a Head and Neck Cancer Population
Authors: Berger Michael H. , Lin Harrison W. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the food security status of patients with a history of head and neck cancer and compare to other types of cancer.Study DeignA retrospective analysis using the National Health Interview Series.MethodsThe National Health Interview Series (NHIS) for the calendar years 2014 to 18 was used to elicit food security status (secure, marginally secure/not secure) among adult patients with a history of throat/pharynx head and neck cancer (pHNC), thyroid cancer, and colon cancer. The relationship between food security and the primary site was compared and subanalyses were performed according to sex, race, and ethnicity.ResultsThe study population included 199.0 thousand patients with pHNC, with 17.7% (95% confidence interval, 10.5%–28.1%) of pHNC patients reporting their food security status as marginally secure or not secure. Food insecurity was significantly higher among pHNC patients when compared to thyroid cancer (insecurity 10.7%, [7.7%–14.7%]) and colon cancer patients (10.1%, [7.8%–13.2%]). Among pHNC patients, there was no significant difference in rates of food insecurity when stratified by gender, race, or ethnicity. However, black individuals were more likely to have food insecurity with a history of thyroid or colon cancer (P < .042) and Hispanics were more likely to have food insecurity with a history of thyroid cancer (P = .005).ConclusionsFood insecurity disproportionally affects patients with a history of pHNC, though there is less demographic variability when compared to other cancer primary sites. Food security assessments should be part of the tailored approach to survivorship management in head and neck cancer.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1539–E1542, 2021