bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multinuclear MRI Can Depict Metabolic and Energetic Changes in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Thorsen Thomas M. , Bøgh Nikolaj , Bertelsen Lotte B. , Hansen Esben S. S. , Laustsen Christoffer 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are frequent in the European population. The pathophysiological changes after TBI include metabolic changes, but these are not observable using current clinical tools. We aimed to evaluate multinuclear MRI as a mean of assessing these changes. In our model, pigs were exposed to a controlled cortical impact (CCI) directly on the dura and scanned at 2 h and 2 days after injury. A multinuclear MRI protocol was used. It included hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI, which allows depiction of hyperpolarized carbon‐13, through its metabolism from pyruvate to lactate or bicarbonate. At Day 2, cerebral microdialysis were performed, and tissue was obtained for analyses. At Day 0, the cerebral blood flow was reduced in the affected hemisphere (TBI: 31.7 mL/100 mL/min, contralateral: 35.6 mL/100 mL/min, p = 0.1227), and the impacted area showed reduced oxygenation (R2*, TBI: 33.11 s−1, contralateral: 22.20 s−1, p = 0.035). At both days, the lactate‐to‐pyruvate ratios (hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate) were increased (Day 0: p = 0.023, Day 2: p = 0.022). However, this study can only evaluate the total injury and, thus, cannot differentiate effects from craniotomy and CCI. This metabolic difference was not found using cerebral microdialysis nor a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assay. The metabolic changes depicted in this study contributes to our understanding of mild TBI; however, the clinical potential of multinuclear MRI is yet to be determined.
Does Prior Nasal Airway Surgery Impact Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
Authors: Ramprasad Vaibhav H. , Matzke Anna , Makey Lauren , Chio Eugene , Steffen Armin , Maurer Joachim T. , Heiser Clemens , Soose Ryan J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveNasal surgery can improve patient‐reported obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) outcomes as well as adherence with medical device treatments. The aim of this study was to examine whether previous nasal surgery was associated with hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) therapy outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective observational cohort study was performed utilizing the multicenter international HNS registry (ADHERE).MethodsPropensity score matching generated a cohort of HNS patients with prior nasal surgery (NS) and a comparable cohort without prior nasal surgery (WNS). Data included demographics and therapy outcome measures including apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), therapy use, and responder rate. Student's t‐test was used to compare normally‐distributed numeric data, Fisher's exact test to compare categorical data, and 1‐sided t‐tests to determine noninferiority.ResultsFrom the ADHERE dataset, 169 HNS patients were identified and matched from each cohort. AHI reduction was 21.01 ± 17.94 in the WNS cohort and 18.39 ± 16.4 in the NS cohort (P = .162). ESS reduction in the WNS cohort was 4.85 ± 4.98 and 4.48 ± 5.83 in the NS cohort (P = .528). Therapy use was similar, 5.67 ± 1.95 in WNS and 5.97 ± 2.06 in NS (P = .181). Responder rate was also similar in WNS (64.5%) and NS (62.1%) groups (P = .735).ConclusionPrior nasal surgery was not a predictor of HNS therapy response or adherence. Future prospective studies of HNS candidates with nasal airway obstruction may better determine the role of adjunctive nasal surgery in this population.
Direct Comparison of Low Velocity Impact Performance of Nanoclay, Boric Acid and Interlayer Hybrid Composites
Authors: Örçen Gurbet , Ünal Hasan Yavuz , Pekbey Yeliz 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, the low velocity impact effect of glass fiber‐reinforced laminated composites reinforced with nanoclay and boric acid was investigated. Nanoclay, boric acid, and interlayer hybrid composites were produced at 0 (pure), 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt% with respect to epoxy resin. Laminated composites were obtained by the hand lay‐up method. Impact tests were applied to the specimens by releasing the weight. Tests were carried out with impact energies of 30, 40, 50, and 60 J to evaluate the behavior of composites under loading result in rebounding. Nano reinforcement generally increases the maximum reaction force while decreasing the impact duration, maximum displacement, and absorbed energy. As a result of all the tests performed, the reaction force increased up to 53% compared to the pure specimen, while the absorbed energy, impact duration, and maximum displacement values decreased up to 21%, 36%, and 12%, respectively. The results of the hybrid specimens in the interlayer sequence provided more changes compared to the mono‐reinforced specimens (i.e., nanoclay or boric acid). The hybrid specimen with a reinforcement ratio of 1.5 wt% impact face boric acid exhibited the greatest enhancement in impact resistance among all the tested specimens. The reaction force, which is an indicator of resistance, increased by 44%, 35%, 51% and 34% from energy level 30 to 60 J, respectively. Furthermore, the specimen exhibited the lowest values for absorbed energy, maximum displacement and impact duration.
Research on toughening of in situ polymerized polyacrylate resin for liquid composite molding
Authors: Zhu Kang , Li Yong , Jin Yue , Dong Xue , Xiao Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThermoplastic polyacrylate resin, which can be polymerized in situ, has a broad application prospect. Addressing the issue of poor toughness of polyacrylate resin, a toughening method involving in situ polymerization of polyacrylate resin for liquid composite molding was presented in this paper. KH570‐modified silica nanoparticles were used as reinforcement. The study focused on the surface modification's impact on the dispersion stability of the nanoparticle suspension, the effect of nanoparticles on the reaction, and the mechanical properties of the resin. The results showed that the contact angle between modified‐silica and acrylate resin decreased from 79.3° to 9.96°, and the stability of the suspension was increased by 34.8%. With the increase of silica nanoparticles, the reaction speed of the resin initially decreased and then increased. This was due to the influence of KH570 on the surface of the nanoparticles and the changes in resin viscosity caused by the nanoparticles. The mechanical properties of polymerization products first increased and then decreased. When nanoparticles mass ratio of nanoparticle to resin was 5:100, the elongation at break was increased by 94.9%, the impact strength was increased by 287%. This paper provided some ideas for high‐performance industrial application of high‐performance in situ polymerization of polyacrylate resin.Highlights
The thermoplastic polyacrylate resin that can be formed by liquid composite molding.
A method for improving the toughness of resin used in liquid composite molding.
Nanosilica modified with KH570 interferes with the reaction of acrylate resin.
The nanosilica changes the crack propagation path.
The Effect of Loosening Means‐Testing Requirements on Income Assistance Flows in British Columbia Canada
Authors: Petit Gillian , Tedds Lindsay 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn Canada, eligibility for provincial income assistance requires applicants and recipients to pass a means test—they must have income and assets below a specified level. The “good policy” argument argues that strict means tests ensure those with sufficient income or assets cannot access nor continue on income assistance, keeping caseloads low. The “bad policy” argument argues that strict means tests reduce the ability of income assistance recipients from becoming self‐sufficient. Exploiting an increase in asset thresholds and the introduction of an earnings exemption in British Columbia, we test these hypotheses using recipient‐level data. Our findings suggest that loosening means‐testing requirements is unlikely to result in an influx in new income assistance recipients but that it could encourage re‐entry; however, it could also help recipients exit income assistance permanently.
Synthesis of Fused 1,2,3‐Triazoles of Benzimidazole Using Copper (I) Catalysis; in Vitro and in Silico Studies
Authors: Modugu Saidi Reddy , Nukala Satheesh Kumar , Dasari Gouthami , Bokkala Karthik , Srinivas Bandari 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, we described the synthesis of some new benzimidazole‐1,2,3‐triazole hybrids (4a–n) using well‐known copper‐catalyzed CuAAC and C─H arylation cascade reactions. We validated the structures of all compounds by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. In vitro assessment of anticancer efficacy against breast cancer cells, such as MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐468, demonstrated that compounds 4d, 4e, and 4f had superior activity comparable to the standard drug Erlotinib. Furthermore, compounds 4d, 4e, and 4f have the highest inhibitory efficacy against the tyrosine kinase EGFR, relative to the reference drug Erlotinib. Molecular docking investigations of the effective compounds 4d, 4e, 4f, and 4n with EGFR showed a greater affinity for the target protein. Furthermore, the in silico pharmacokinetic profile of the potent compounds 4d, 4e, 4f, and 4n was determined by using SWISS/ADME and pkCSM, and all the four compounds obeyed Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muegge guidelines without any variation.
Continuous‐Flow Photochemistry: The Synthesis of Marketed Pharmaceutical Compounds
Authors: Srivastava Vishal , Singh Praveen P. , Sinha Surabhi , Singh Pravin K. , Kumar Deepak 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChemistry professionals from all kinds of fields and disciplines in the academic and commercial sectors have recently shown a great deal of interest in continuous‐flow chemistry. Flow methods are used nowadays for rapid optimization and assessment, as well as for production and scale‐up, reaction discovery, and methodology. Photochemical processes are currently receiving a lot of attention from the scientific community, and the application of flow methods for these approaches has shown the advantages of flow chemistry and its importance in modern chemistry and industry worldwide. This study illustrates the most recent advancements and benefits of continuous flow photochemical reactions in relation to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical compounds and recommended frameworks.
3D Interlocking Metallo‐COFs as a Visible Light Responsive Photocatalyst
Authors: Khojastegi Anahita , Khosropour Ahmadreza , Auras Florian , Abbaspourrad Alireza 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWoven covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer immense potential as photoactive materials because Cu(I) complexes are periodically integrated into the COF structure via a single synthetic step. A photoactive interlocking (woven) COF featuring Cu(I) photosensitizers that are spatially isolated and periodically arranged in three dimensions has been successfully synthesized and characterized. The optoelectronic properties of this COF, such as light absorption and photocatalytic performance toward the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) under visible light, are investigated. The reusability and stability of this COF are compared with the Cu(PDB)2BF4 complex which displayed rapid deactivation and is not reusable. Conversely, The metallo‐COF is stable over several catalytic cycles, highlighting a distinct advantage of the stabilizing effects of the COF over discrete molecules.
2D Vertically Conductive Metal─Organic Framework Electrolytes: Will They Outperform 3D MOFs for Solid State Batteries?
Authors: Hong Zixin , Yuan Hao , Wu Hengcai , Sun Jianguo , Yang Jing , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Wang Jiaping , Wang John 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries are currently the mainstream for almost all portables, and quickly expand in electrical vehicles and grid storage applications. However, they are challenged by the poor safety regarding organic liquid electrolytes and relatively low energy density. Solid‐state batteries, characterized by using solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), are recognized as the next‐generation energy technology, owing to their intrinsically high safety and potentially superior energy density. However, developing SSEs is impeded by several key factors, including low ionic conductivity, interfacial issues, and high‐cost in industrial scales. Recently, a novel category of SSEs, known as frameworked electrolytes (FEs), has emerged as a formidable contender for the transition to all‐solid‐state batteries. FEs exhibit a unique macroscopically solid‐state nature and microscopically sub‐nanochannels offering high ionic conductivity. In this perspective, the unique lithium‐ion transport mechanisms within FEs are explored and 2D vertically conductive metal–organic framework (MOF) is proposed as an even more promising FE candidate. The abundant active sites in the 1D sub‐nanochannels of 2D vertically conductive MOFs facilitate efficient ion transport, favorable interfacial compatibility, and scalable industrial applications. This perspective aims to boost the emergence of novel SSEs, promoting the realization of long‐expected all‐solid‐state batteries and inspiring future energy storage solutions.
One‐Pot and Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Fe‐Based Nanozymes with Tunable O2 Activation Pathway and Specificity Between Associated Enzymatic Reactions
Authors: Qiu Yuwei , Cheng Tianqi , Yuan Bo , Yip Tsz Yeung , Zhao Chao , Lee Jung‐Hoon , Chou Shang‐Wei , Chen Jian Lin , Zhao Yufei , Peng Yung‐Kang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanozymes have recently gained attention for their low cost and high stability. However, unlike natural enzymes, they often exhibit multiple enzyme‐like activities, complicating their use in selective bioassays. Since H2O2 and O2 are common substrates in these reactions, controlling their activation—and thus reaction specificity—is crucial. Recent advances in tuning the chemical state of cerium have enabled control over H2O2 activation pathways for tunable peroxidase/haloperoxidase‐like activities. In contrast, the control of O2 activation on an element in oxidase/laccase nanozymes and the impact of its chemical state on these activities remains unexplored. Herein, a facile one‐pot method is presented for the gram‐scale synthesis of Fe‐based nanozymes with tunable compositions of Fe3O4 and Fe3C by adjusting preparation temperatures. The Fe3O4‐containing samples exhibit superior laccase‐like activity, while the Fe3C‐containing counterparts demonstrate better oxidase‐like activity. This divergent O2 activation behavior is linked to their surface Fe species: the abundant reactive Fe2+ in Fe3O4 promotes laccase‐like activity via Fe3+‐superoxo formation, whereas metallic Fe in Fe3C facilitates OH radical generation for oxidase‐like activity. Controlled O2 activation pathways in these Fe‐based nanozymes demonstrate improved sensitivity in the corresponding biomolecule detection, which should inform the design of nanozymes with enhanced activity and specificity.
Core–Shell Bottlebrush Polymers: Unmatched Delivery of Small Active Compounds Deep Into Tissues
Authors: Phan Quoc Thang , Rabanel Jean‐Michel , Mekhjian Dikran , Saber Justine , Garcia Ac Araceli , Zhang Hu , Gibson Victor Passos , Zaouter Charlotte , Hardy Pierre , Patten Shunmoogum Aroonassala. , Boffito Daria , Banquy Xavier 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe chemical structure of a delivery nanovehicle plays a pivotal role in determining the efficiency of drug delivery within the body. Leveraging the unique architecture of bottlebrush (BB) polymers—characterized by variations in backbone length, grafting density, and self‐assembly morphology—offers a novel approach to understanding the influence of structural properties on biological behavior. In this study, developed a drug delivery system based on core‐shell BB polymers synthesized using a “grafting‐from” strategy. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), employed to confirm the polymers’ structure. The BB polymers evaluated as carriers for molecules with differing hydrophobicity profiles, namely Rhodamine B and Paclitaxel. These nanocarriers systematically assessed for drug loading efficiency and penetration capabilities, compared to conventional polymeric micelles (PM) formed from linear amphiphilic polymers. BB‐based nanocarriers exhibited superior cellular uptake in both 2D and 3D cell culture models when compared to PM. Furthermore, analysis of drug distribution and particle penetration highlighted the profound influence of polymer morphology on biological interactions. These findings underscore the potential of unimolecular carriers with precisely defined structures as promising drug delivery platforms for a wide range of biomedical applications.
Multicomponent Synergistic Doping Enables High‐efficiency n‐Type PbTe Thermoelectric Devices
Authors: He Haoyuan , Song Jia , Liang Ruinian , Yan Gan , Geng Yang , Hu Lipeng , Liu Fusheng , Ao Weiqin , Zhang Chaohua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of high‐performance n‐type PbTe thermoelectric (TE) modules is urgently needed to match those p‐type IV‐VI tellurides (i.e., PbTe, GeTe, SnTe) with high figure of merit (ZT) to obtain multi‐pair TE devices for practical applications. In this work, Ga, Se, and In dopants are progressively introduced into PbTe to optimize the carrier density and band structures and to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity, thereby enhancing the ZT. Consequently, a peak ZT of 1.6 at 773 K and a high average ZT of 1.1 within 300–773 K can be obtained in the optimized sample of Pb0.979Ga0.02In0.001Te0.96Se0.04. A mixture of Fe and Sn is further developed as a diffusion barrier material of the n‐type PbTe, realizing the preparation of corresponding TE legs by a one‐step sintering method, showing low total interfacial contact resistivity (<3 µΩcm2). Finally, a remarkable conversion efficiency of 10.9% at a temperature difference of 449 K can be achieved in the n‐type PbTe single‐leg TE device. The multicomponent synergetic doping strategy and the interface‐connection technique of adding low‐temperature metals provide new pathways to improve the performance of n‐type PbTe TE devices as well as other TE systems.
Robust Ferroelectricity in Nonstoichiometric 2D AgCr1‐xS2 via Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Zhang Zhongshi , Xia Jing , Li Jing , Li Xuanze , Tian Lifeng , Cao Jianyu , Li Yuye , Meng Xiangmin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFerroelectricity in two‐dimensional (2D) materials at room temperature has attracted significant interest due to their substantial potential for applications in non‐volatile memory, nanoelectronics, and optoelectronics. The intrinsic tendency of 2D materials toward nonstoichiometry results in atomic configurations that differ from those of their stoichiometric counterparts, thereby giving rise to potential ferroelectric polarization properties. However, reports on the emergence of room temperature ferroelectric effects in nonstoichiometric 2D materials remain limited. This study reports the observation of room temperature ferroelectricity in nonstoichiometric AgCr1‐xS2 ternary 2D transition metal dichalcogenides synthesized via chemical vapor deposition. The noncentrosymmetric crystal structure and switchable ferroelectric polarization are confirmed through second harmonic generation (SHG) and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurements. It is determined that the primary cause of ferroelectric polarization is the interlayer movement of ordered asymmetric Ag atoms under the influence of numerous chromium (Cr) vacancies along with interlayer atom displacement. Furthermore, two types of electrical devices based on in‐plane (IP) and out‐of‐plane (OOP) polarization are demonstrated. This work offers a new perspective for fabricating ternary ultrathin 2D transition metal dichalcogenides ferroelectric materials and presents a potential pathway for creating exceptional multifunctional materials.
Ensemble Deep Network for Secured Refactoring Framework by Predicting Code‐Bad Smells in Software Projects
Authors: Pandiyavathi T. , Sivakumar B. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn modern times, refactoring is one of the significantly utilized approaches for enhancing the software's quality like understandability, testability, and maintainability. Moreover, the refactoring effect on its security has been underrated. In addition to that, there are only a few studies that offer the classification over refactoring approaches depending on the effect over the quality attributes that help the designer to attain certain objectives by choosing the most significant approach and it is applied in the right places based on the specified software quality attributes. The contradictory outcomes are attained by considering the quality of the software creates limitations for the developers while performing the software refactoring process. In this paper, a secured deep learning‐based software refactoring approach is designed. At first, software projects collected from online sources are offered as input for this software refactoring process to detect the security metrics in the projects. After detecting the security metrics, refactoring is applied in the software projects to change the internal design. Then, the security metrics of the refactored projects are detected again. Further, the security metrics computed before and after refactoring are compared with the software projects. The projects are labeled based on security, needs, and refactoring level. Then, the Ensemble Attention‐based Deep Network (EA‐DNet) is developed, which is designed with the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Deep Temporal Convolution Network (DTCN), and Bi‐directional Long Short Term Memory (Bi‐LSTM). This network is trained to get better results in the prediction of code‐bad smells in software projects. The prior software refactoring approaches are compared with the proposed code‐bad smells‐based software refactoring process.
Achieving Large‐Area, Crack‐Free Epitaxial Lift‐Off of Inverted Metamorphic Multijunction Solar Cells by Ag Electrode Extension and the Counterintuitive Use of Temporary Rigid Carrier
Authors: Yu Jeco‐Espaldon Bernice Mae , Okada Yoshitaka 
Published: December 2024

The material choices for highly efficient multijunction solar cells (MJSCs) can be expanded by stacking lattice‐mismatched III–V materials grown by the inverted metamorphic approach. However, III–V materials are expensive, necessitating low‐cost strategies such as substrate reuse by epitaxial lift‐off (ELO) to improve their technology readiness. Inverted metamorphic MJSCs (IMM‐MJSCs) are inherently fragile due to the interfacial stresses introduced by graded buffer layers between mismatched materials. While numerous studies have reported successful fabrication of crack‐free IMM‐MJSCs, comprehensive procedural details and critical considerations are often left undisclosed. Herein, a systematic method is presented for achieving large‐area, crack‐free thin‐film IMM‐MJSCs. Specifically, the efficacy of the ELO bath method combined with Ag back electrode extension and the innovative application of rigid, acid‐ and polar solvent‐resistant plastics as temporary carriers during the process is demonstrated. By addressing the challenges of mechanical fragility and developing robust ELO techniques, this work aims to enable the practical implementation of high‐efficiency IMM‐MJSCs for space and terrestrial applications.