bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of visual information presented by augmented reality on children’s behavior
Authors: Shirai Nobu , Kondo Lisa , Imura Tomoko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effects on children’s behavior of visual information presented by augmented reality (AR) were investigated. A human-like AR character was presented standing in one of two physical pathways to children aged 5–7 years old and 8–10 years old before they completed a filler task. After the task, the children were required to walk through one of the two pathways to obtain a reward. Both the 5–7- and 8–10-year-olds chose the pathway that was not associated with the AR character more frequently than the pathway that was. Subsequently, adult participants tested in a similar manner showed no significant bias in pathway selection. Taken together, these results suggest that the presentation of an AR character within the present experimental setting affected the behavior of children aged from 5–10 years but not that of adults. The results are discussed in the context of developmental changes in sensitivity to insubstantial agents (e.g., imaginary companion), the reality of information displayed by AR technology, and differences in the methods of AR presentation (e.g., hand-held devices vs. head-mounted devices).
Continuous Hypodynamic Change of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow as A Potential Factor Working for Experimental Scoliotic Formation
Authors: Zhao Zhi , Li Tao , Bi Ni , Shi Zhiyue , Zhang Ying , Li Quan , Wang Yingsong , Xie Jingming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractScoliosis is often associated with syringomyelia (SM). As an important role in SM formation, the influence from abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow is still unclear to scoliosis. The aim of this experimental work is to explore the connection between CSF flow and scoliosis through imaging and histological analysis on the basis of a kaolin-induced scoliotic rabbit model. For imaging observation, in 40 kaolin-induced rabbits by C7 spinal cord injection, through pre- and postoperative MRI and radiography, CSF flow and scoliosis formation were detected at consecutive phases. According to the final formation of scoliosis until postoperative week 12, the kaolin-induced rabbits were divided into 2 groups. Through comparing the 2 groups, the relationship between the changes of CSF flow velocity and scoliosis formation were reviewed and analyzed. For histological observation, another 20 kaolin-induced rabbits were used for consecutive histological observations of spinal cord at postoperative 3-day, 2-week, 4-week and 6-week. After kaolin-induction, abnormal spinal coronal curve was observed from postoperative week 6 in the 37 survived rabbits. At postoperative week 12, scoliosis formation was detected in 73.0% kaolin-induced rabbits and the mean Cobb angle was 27.4°. From the comparison between scoliotic and non-scoliotic groups, the difference of the velocities of CSF flow was more obviously from postoperative week 4 to 12, especially after week 6. In the scoliotic group, the peak velocity of CSF flow was diseased gradually following scoliosis formation after induction. Moreover, the decrease of the peak velocities of CSF flow from preoperation to postoperative 12 weeks (ΔVmax), including up-flow (ΔVUmax) and down-flow (ΔVDmax), were positively correlated to the final scoliotic Cobb angle (P < 0.01). Through histological observation at different phases, the distinctive pathological changes of the spinal cord included early inflammatory reaction, adhesion and blockage in the subarachnoid space and the central canal, perivascular space enlargement, central canal expansion, which suggested the CSF flow being blocked by multiple ways after kaolin-induction. In conclusion, experimental scoliosis can be successfully induced by intraspinal kaolin injection. In this model, continuous hypodynamic change of CSF flow was correlated to the formation of scoliosis, which could be an important factor of scoliotic pathogenesis being explored furtherly.
Deficiency of CD44 prevents thoracic aortic dissection in a murine model
Authors: Hatipoglu Omer F. , Miyoshi Toru , Yonezawa Tomoko , Kondo Megumi , Amioka Naofumi , Yoshida Masashi , Akagi Satoshi , Nakamura Kazufumi , Hirohata Satoshi , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a life-threatening vascular disease. We showed that CD44, a widely distributed cell surface adhesion molecule, has an important role in inflammation. In this study, we examined the role of CD44 in the development of TAD. TAD was induced by the continuous infusion of β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), a lysyl oxidase inhibitor, and angiotensin II (AngII) for 7 days in wild type (WT) mice and CD44 deficient (CD44-/-) mice. The incidence of TAD in CD44-/- mice was significantly reduced compared with WT mice (44% and 6%, p < 0.01). Next, to evaluate the initial changes, aortic tissues at 24 hours after BAPN/AngII infusion were examined. Neutrophil accumulation into thoracic aortic adventitia in CD44-/- mice was significantly decreased compared with that in WT mice (5.7 ± 0.3% and 1.6 ± 0.4%, p < 0.01). In addition, BAPN/AngII induced interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in WT mice, all of which were significantly reduced in CD44−/− mice (all p < 0.01). In vitro transmigration of neutrophils from CD44−/− mice through an endothelial monolayer was significantly decreased by 18% compared with WT mice (p < 0.01). Our findings indicate that CD44 has a critical role in TAD development in association with neutrophil infiltration into adventitia.
Proteomic analysis of knee cartilage reveals potential signaling pathways in pathological mechanism of Kashin-Beck disease compared with osteoarthritis
Authors: Lei Jian , Amhare Abebe Feyissa , Wang Liyun , Lv Yizhen , Deng Huan , Gao Hang , Guo Xiong , Han Jing , Lammi Mikko J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe pathological mechanism of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD), an endemic osteoarthritic disease, remains to be poorly understood. This study was designed to identify signaling pathways and crucial proteins involved in the pathological mechanism of KBD compared with osteoarthritis (OA). The knee cartilage samples were collected from gender- and age-matched KBD (n = 9) and OA (n = 9) patients. After pre-processing, samples were labeled with Tamdem Mass Tags 6plex multiplex kit, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomic results were analyzed with gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein-protein interactions (PPI). The differential abundance proteins from KBD and OA were validated using western blot analysis. As a result, A total number of 375 proteins were identified to have differential abundance between KBD and OA, of which 121 and 254 proteins were observed to be up-regulated or down-regulated in KBD group. GO analysis shows that the differential abundant proteins are associated with cell junction and signal transducer activity from extracellular to intracellular. KEGG pathways enrichment and PPI network indicate four major pathways, including extracellular matrix -receptor interaction, focal adhesion, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Protein kinase B (Akt), and Ras signaling pathways were involved in the degeneration of cartilage. Moreover, integrins, laminins, NF-κB and other regulative molecules were found as crucial proteins. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that compared with OA, the differential abundance proteins and signaling pathways may contribute to the occurrence and development of joint damage in KBD. Further investigation of their regulative roles and interaction may provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets for KBD.
Enantiomeric copper based anticancer agents promoting sequence-selective cleavage of G-quadruplex telomeric DNA and non-random cleavage of plasmid DNA
Authors: Parveen Sabiha , Cowan J A , Yu Zhen , Arjmand Farukh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Copper-based binuclear enantiomeric complexes 1S and 1R were synthesized as anticancer chemotherapeutic agents to target G-quadruplex rich region of DNA and thoroughly characterized by various spectroscopic and single X-ray crystal diffraction studies. The structure elucidation of Schiff base ligand LS and complexes 1S & 1R, was carried out by single crystal X-ray studies which showed that ligand crystallized in the monoclinic P21/n space group while complexes 1S and 1R crystallized in triclinic space groups P1̄ and P1, respectively with two copper units connected to each other via an alkoxide bridge to exhibit square planar geometry which is in good agreement with other spectroscopic studies {IR, ESI-MS, EPR and magnetic moment values}. In vitro binding studies of complexes 1S and 1R were carried out with G-quadruplex DNA and CT-DNA which showed higher binding affinity and selectivity toward quadruplex DNA over the duplex DNA. To validate the potential of complexes to act as therapeutic drug candidates, the cleavage studies of complexes 1S and 1R were carried out with G-quadruplex telomeric DNA by PAGE Gel assay which showed sequence selective cleavage of 22G4 via oxidative cleavage pathway. The major cleavage sites identified were G15, T6, G8, G9, G14 for complex 1S whereas for 1R G15, G20, G21, G14 cleavage sites were observed. Furthermore, these complexes were capable of cleaving pUC19 plasmid DNA in double-stranded non-random fashion which is considered to be more potent than single-strand cleavage as a source of lethal DNA lesions. Cellular studies of 1S and 1R were performed on a panel of human cancer cell lines; Huh7, MCF7, BxPC3 and AsPC1, which displayed significant cytotoxicity and differential responses toward different cancer phenotypes.
A Survey of Counseling Curricula Among Accredited Communication Sciences and Disorders Graduate Student Programs
Authors: Doud Aspen K. , Hoepner Jerry K. , Holland Audrey L. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to examine the current state of counseling curriculum within the discipline. The last systematic survey of counseling curriculum within the disciplines of communication sciences and disorders was completed with data from 1983 (McCarthy et al., 1986). The Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (2017) states that counseling should be included in accredited programs but does not specify to what extent. Currently, there are no standards to specify number of credits, need for a stand-alone course, or guidance regarding content delivered.

Method
The present investigation collected data on the status of counseling curricula in accredited communication sciences and disorders graduate programs. A Qualtrics survey was distributed to identify counseling curriculum practices across accredited programs. Quantitative data such as percentages and frequency counts were compiled to summarize program offerings. Qualitative analyses were used to characterize written responses. Survey responses were also cross-validated with a review of offerings listed on program websites.

Results
Of programs currently accredited by the Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, 42.4% responded to the current survey. Fifty-nine percent of programs offer a stand-alone course. Review of curricula from program websites indicated that only 40% of accredited programs offer a stand-alone counseling course. Quantitative details about requirements, number of credits, and embedding counseling within other courses were compared to data from the 1983 survey. Qualitative analyses identified common learner outcomes and the nature of course or curricular content.

Conclusions
Investigators found a lack of consistency in incorporating counseling across programs and discussed implications of this in speech-language pathology practice. A decrease in the number of programs that offer a stand-alone counseling course was identified as compared to offerings in 1983, as well as a disparity regarding how programs provide training in counseling. Furthermore, survey responses differed from curriculum listings on program websites. Information derived from this study may serve as a starting point for the development of flexible standards that provide direction for achieving consistent preparation of counseling skills.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12149703
Continuously tunable 360° phase shifter based on planar waveguide technology for MM‐wave applications
Authors: Rahimian Omam Z. , Abdel‐Wahab W.M. , Gigoyan S. , Safavi‐Naeini S. 
Published: April 2020

A continuously tunable phase shifter based on a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed for high‐performance applications at millimetre‐wave frequencies. The proposed phase shifter consists of two slots cut on the SIW's broad wall and a high dielectric constant (HDC) slab over the slots. The phase shifting mechanism is based on perturbing the electric field of the SIW‐slot by putting a HDC slab over two slots. The fabricated phase shifter exhibits linear phase‐frequency response behaviour with an average insertion loss less than 2 dB over a phase shift range of in the operating frequency band (29–31 GHz).
Using Sky‐pointing fish‐eye camera and LiDAR to aid GNSS single‐point positioning in urban canyons
Authors: Bai Xiwei , Wen Weisong , Hsu Li‐Ta 
Published: April 2020

Robust and globally‐referenced positioning is indispensable for autonomous driving vehicles. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is still an irreplaceable sensor. Satisfactory accuracy (about 1 m) can be obtained in sparse areas. However, the GNSS positioning error can be up to 100 m in dense urban areas due to the multipath effects and non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) receptions caused by reflection and blockage from buildings. NLOS is currently the dominant factor degrading the performance of GNSS positioning. Recently, the camera has been employed to detect the NLOS and then to exclude the NLOS measurements from GNSS calculation. The exclusion of NLOS measurements can cause severe distortion of satellite distribution, due to the excessive NLOS receptions in deep urban canyons. Correcting the NLOS receptions with the aid of 3D light detection and ranging after detection of NLOS receptions using a fish‐eye camera was proposed in this study. Finally, the GNSS positioning was improved by using the healthy and corrected NLOS pseudo‐range measurements. The proposed method is evaluated through real road tests in typical highly urbanised canyons of Hong Kong. The evaluation results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the positioning performance.
LOW PREVALENCE OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION IN WOMEN FROM SOUTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: O. Adesiji Y , I. Iyere S , J. Ogah I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis infections are the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the world. However, most Nigeria health care facilities do not screen for Chlamydia antigen in gynaecological and general out-patient clinics. This study was to document the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients attending Family Planning Clinics and Gynaecology clinics in Southern Nigeria. Endocervical swabs were collected from a hundred and forty patients and were screened using Chlamydia Rapid Test Device –Swab / Urine (Interchemical Ltd. China). Out of 140 patients screened, 1 (0.7%) was positive for Chlamydia trachomatis antigen. There seem to be an association between Chlamydia infection and abortion thus screening for chlamydia trachomatis infection in asymptomatic patients to prevent the adverse consequences. This study presents an update in Chlamydia trachomatis in the Southern part of Nigeria.
A RESEARCH CRITIQUE ON THE LIVED-IN EXPERIENCES OF PATIENTS SUBJECTED TO CHEMOTHERAPY IN SELECTED HOSPITALS AT CHENNAI
Authors: M. Malarvizhi , M. Bhavani 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis qualitative study explored the experiences of patients subjected to chemotherapy. The research approach used in this study was phenomenology. Interviews were conducted with fifteen patients subjected to chemotherapy. The study was conducted at selected hospitals at Chennai. From the colaizzi's analysis of the data seven dimensions-eight themes and fifty sub themes were emerged. These findings show that patients subjected to chemotherapy has lot of physical and psychological impacts. There was an association between the socio demographic variables and the lived in experiences of patients subjected to chemotherapy. The association was found between the educational status, type of family and the number of chemotherapy cycle. So, the patients need adequate education on the side effects from the Nurses during each cycle of chemotherapy. Therefore this study is important for nurses working in the cancer unit to make the patient to realize and aware the effects faced by the patients subjected to chemotherapy.
AUTOMMUNE HAEMOLYTIC ANEMIA : A REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: Rao Chandrika , Shetty Jayaprakash 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAutoimmune hemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is rare clinical disorder and requires efficient immunohematological and transfusion support. We report two cases of Immune hemolytic anaemia. A case of AIHA in congestive cardiac failure and second a known case of Giant cell arteritis with cold antibodies. Both the cases we encountered problems during cross matching.
A CASE OF DISSEMINATED TUBERCULOSIS WITH OCULAR INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Islam Md Fekarul , Mukherjee Devdeep , Kundu Ritabrata , Niyogi Prabal Chandra , Das Joydeep 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDisseminated Tuberculosis (DTB) refers to tubercular involvement of two or more non-contiguous sites and is commonly associated with immunocompromised state. It is an unusual presentation of Tuberculosis (TB), especially in the absence of immunodeficiency. 1.4% of patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) develop ocular manifestations but many patients with ocular TB have no evidence of PTB. Tuberculosis can cause a wide variety of ophthalmic findings, ranging from the ocular surface through the optic nerve and to the central nervous system. In this article, we report a case of Disseminated Tuberculosis with ocular involvement in a 5years old female. Our case is unique for the presence of bilateral squint, unilateral nebular type of corneal opacity, bilateral iritis with posterior synechiae and cataract at the same time. It lays emphasis on the fact that a patient with tuberculosis should be screened for multiple foci.
GENTAMICIN: MYTHS AND TRUTHS
Authors: Mohan Muralee , Shetty Deepthi , Shetty Tripthi , Banerjee Suman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGentamicin belongs to the group of antimicrobial agents, aminoglycosides. It is the prototype member of this group of antimicrobial agents that is utilized to treat various bacterial infections, mostly those caused by Gram negative bacteria. This is due to its irreversible binding to the 30S component of the ribosome. But the use of aminoglycosides and thus Gentamicin is limited owing to its profound adverse effects on the ear & the kidney. But proper calculation of the dosage can limit these side effects and prove to be an effective antimicrobial agent.
FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION CONSUMPTION AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN THE SEMI-URBAN FIELD PRACTICE AREA OF K.S. HEGDE MEDICAL ACADEMY, MANGALORE: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: K. Nishanth Krishna , Kundapur Rashmi , Kiran N Udaya , Badiger Sanjeev 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Food security is defined as “Access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life”. The deprivation of basic need represented by food insecurity and hunger are possible precursors to nutritional, health, and developmental problems
Objectives: To assess the food security and the pattern of nutrient intake among the households of field practice areas and to describe the relationship between food security with various socio demographic factors and select diseases like diabetes and hypertension.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in households of Kuthar and Manjanady villages of Dakshina Kannada district from June- August 2014. The Food Security Core-Module Questionnaire in the Guide to Measuring Household Food Security (Revised 2000) prepared by United States Department of Agriculture was used in this study. The questionnaire was translated to local languages (Kannada and Malayalam) and linguistic validation was done. The data was analysed using SPSS software.
Results: Around 53% of the houses studies were food secure followed by households with food insecurity with no hunger. Majority of the houses had carbohydrate and protein as their predominant nutrient intake. Majority of the households spending 26-50% of the total income on food were food secure. Among the food secure households, diabetes was present in nearly half the houses
Conclusions: The study area does not have hunger as a problem but still food insecurity exists, with upto 50% of income spent on food.
TREATMENT OF ORTHODONTICALLY INDUCED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA BY DIODE LASER - CASE REPORT
Authors: Prabhu Manavi , Ramesh Amitha , Thomas Biju 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is well known that excessive gingival display in the anterior region can have a very negative impact on the patients smile and psychology. This excessive gingival display could be due to gingival enlargement or altered passive eruption of the teeth. These defects can be corrected through periodontal surgeries. This case report describes successful aesthetic crown lengthening in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth using diode laser.
Cross Sectional study to asses housing conditions and to compare it with education and socio economic status of a semi urban area in Mangalore : A Pilot study
Authors: M. Sudharani , Kundapur Rashmi , Kiran K. G. , Kiran N. Udaya 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Poverty imposes an oppressive weight on India, especially in the rural areas where almost three out of four Indians and 77 percent of the Indian are under poor living conditions. Although poverty has been reduced during the past four decades, it remains painfully high. Provision of adequate housing and amenities are major challenges for human development, particularly among lowincome urban households in developing countries. Often this shortfall is evident from the proliferation of slums and squatters.
Objectives: 1. To assess the housing conditions of the semi urban area (Field practice area of KS Hegde Medical Academy).2. To associate these housing conditions with Education and Socio Economic Status.
Methodology: Forty houses included under GRAMA KSHEMA project (Field practice area of K S Hegde Medical Academy) were selected. A pilot study with questionnaire to asses housing condition was done. Subjects were interviewed for their education and socioeconomic status.
Results: 100% of Graduates, post graduates and Professionals have excellent housing conditions. Poor housing conditions was seen as the level of education decreased to high school and post high school. Housing conditions were excellent as the socioeconomic class increased. 66.6% of Class I population has excellent housing conditions. 63% of Class II population has good housing conditions and 38.5% of Class IV population has poor housing conditions.
Conclusions: It was found that majority of the population had good housing conditions. Education and Socio economic status has an impact on Housing condition.