bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosmopolitanism: Rethinking the Agenda of Education Abroad
Authors: Whalen Brian , Woolf Michael 
Published: November 2020

Cosmopolitanism is an ambiguous and inherently paradoxical notion. Because of the complexities it raises, it generates analyses and discourses that challenge simplistic assumptions embedded in theory and practice of education abroad. Global citizenship, comprehensive internationalization, cultural relativity, immersion, cross-cultural learning, and community engagement are some of the concepts deconstructed through the lens of cosmopolitan ideas and histories. Cosmopolitan philosophies are also of particular and special relevance to student experience in international education. In short, cosmopolitanism is not one idea but a field of meaning, a cluster of profound propositions that might collectively enrich the curriculum of education abroad.
La Necesidad For More Latina Superintendents! : An Autoethnographic Account of a Latina Navigating to the Superintendency (Dale, Dale, Dale! A.k.a., The Mexican Piñata song)
Authors: Board Editorial 
Published: November 2020

Women in educational leadership positions have to break a glass ceiling to get to the top despite their dominance in the teaching profession and as California educators. Latinas (Latinx women)1 however face far greater challenges, not only does sexism present challenges but so does racism (see Campbell-Jones & Avelar-Lasalle, 2000). The tenacity, strategies and fortitude are more akin to breaking a piñata, much more challenging and with a greater risk than a glass ceiling. Educational attainment, career support, gender and cultural bias all factor into some of the many challenges Latinas face as they aspire to higher levels of educational administration positions. The challenge for Latinas can be greater than for others, however, the journey and lasting effects are worth it, just as the treats that flow from a well-broken piñata, the rewards of holding the position of Superintendent are significant for those that aspire to and accomplish the goal, and are celebrated by those who assist and participate in their efforts.
This autoethnographic study focuses on the Superintendency from a Latina perspective. The study presents specific insights and lessons learned that can assist Latinas and people of color who are high-level2 and district administrators or those who aspire to the superintendency. There are 1,037 school districts in California (CalEdFacts, 2019), thus the information and lessons learned from my experience may also characterize the superintendency and/or high-level administrative positions. The importance of my experience rests in the fact that while the total number of Latinx administrators comprises approximately only 23% of site and district administrators in California as compared to the majority who are White and comprise approximately 59% (CDE/DataQuest, 2019), equity scholars would find this problematic given that the overwhelming majority of students in PK-12 schools are Latinx.
Brown America: An Acknowledgement of this Nation’s Roots America was, is, and always will be…“brown”
Authors: Board Editorial 
Published: November 2020

This concept paper addresses the hyperbole and irrational fear related to the demographic projection often termed as the “browning of America.” The “browning” is a term that refers to a growing “non-white” population in the United States. The case is made for how, from the inception of its creation, the United States culture and society were built upon foundational roots originating from the Indigenous people of the American continent with added elements comprised of many cultures from various regions of the world. Rather than embracing the perspective of a demographic “browning,” the position taken in this paper rejects a white supremacist orientation that negates yet appropriates the contributions of multiple cultures to U.S. culture.
Examples of how United States language, culture, and customs are derived from various “non-white” cultures and traditions attest to how those descended from the European Diaspora have been assimilated into a pluralistic “brown” worldview. For this reason, the position taken is that the United States always was, still is, and forever will be, “brown.” Yet, the generational trauma held by a significant portion of European Americans and coupled by their dislocation undermines their capacity to experience healthy psycho-social integration. For this reason, this paper touches upon the psychological and sociological etiology of a white supremacist orientation and the cost for the lack of knowledge and attribution to the sources of the unique nature of U.S. culture.
APLIKASI KAIDAH "AL-'ADAH MUHAKKAMAH" DALAM KASUS PENETAPAN JUMLAH DAN JENIS MAHAR
Authors: Saifulloh Kholid 
Published: November 2020

Al-'a>dah muhakkamah adalah salah satu dari 5 kaidah fiqh yang memiliki cakupan furu' yang luas yang disepakati oleh para ulama. Kaidah ini dibangun atas landasan adat dan kearifan lokal yang ada pada setiap komunitas masyarakat, dimana adat ini secara kontinu dilakukan oleh masyarakat tanpa adanya pengingkaran dari mereka, justru individu-individu yang menyelisihi adat tersebut akan dianggap sebagai "orang aneh". Oleh sebab itu, Islam menjadikan adat sebuah komunitas masyarakat sebagai landasan hukum selama memenuhi persyaratan-persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh syariat. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang: (1) definisi kaidah al-'a>dah muhakkamah, (2) syarat-syarat mengaplikasikannya, dan (3) aplikasinya dalam menentukan jumlah dan jenis mahar.Tulisan ini mencoba mengkaji sebuah kaidah fiqih dan mengaplikasikannya dalam sebuah permasalahan fiqih sehingga terbentuk sebuah pemahaman yang utuh tentang kaidah sekaligus cara aplikasinya di dalam furu' fiqih. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) bahwa 'a>dahmerupakan sesuatu yang terjadi secara berulang-ulang yang diterima oleh akal sehat dan fitrah manusia, (2) sebuah 'a>dah bisa menjadi landasan hukum apabila tidak bertentangan dengan dalil-dalil syar'i, lebih sering dilakukan daripada ditinggalkan, tidak adanya lafadz dari pelaku 'a>dah yang menyelisihi, dan 'a>dah tersebut harus ada pada saat terjadinya akad, (3) kaidah al-'a>dah muhakkamah dapat diaplikasikan untuk menentukan jumlah dan jenis mahar mis^l, begitu juga mahar musamma yang disebutkan secara mutlaq.
Lietuvos suaugusiųjų cistinės fibrozės diagnostikos, gydymo ir pagalbos organizavimo sutarimas
Authors: Malakauskas Kęstutis , Sakalauskas Raimundas , Danila Edvardas , Zablockis Rolandas , Jievaltas Mindaugas , Kupčinskas Limas , Valantinas Jonas , Serapinas Danielius , Vitkauskienė Astra 
Published: November 2020

TURINYS 1. Įžanga 2. Diagnostika 3. Gydymas 3.1. Antibakterinis gydymas 3.2. Bronchų drenažo gerinimas 3.3. Bronchus plečiantys vaistai 3.4. Vaistai nuo uždegimo 3.5. Skiepijimas 3.6. Mityba 3.7. Gydymas deguonimi 3.8. Komplikacijų gydymas 3.9. Plaučių transplantacija 4. Pagalbos ligoniams organizavimas
Les jeux dangereux au collège, une approche spatiale
Authors: Hebert Thibaut , Vigne Mickaël , Dugas Éric 
Published: November 2020

L’objet de cet article est de questionner l’aménagement des espaces scolaires dans une quête de prévention des conduites à risque tels que les jeux dangereux. Sur les 10080 collégiens interrogés, nous avons analysé les réponses des 2850 élèves ayant déclaré avoir pratiqué au moins une fois un jeu dangereux. Les résultats révèlent en premier lieu que la cour de récréation, malgré la présence des adultes, fait figure de terrain idéal à la pratique des jeux dangereux. En second lieu, les espaces interstitiels se distinguent par une surreprésentation des jeux à valence agressive. Cette étude confirme alors que le type d’architecture valorisé dans les collèges français conjugué à des aménagements succincts favorisent certains types de jeu.
« La prostitution, ça ne tue pas ! » Projets d’ascension sociale familiale dans le contexte de la traite sexuelle (Nigeria-Europe)
Authors: Apard Élodie , Diagboya Precious , Simoni Vanessa 
Published: November 2020

La majorité des jeunes femmes africaines en situation de prostitution aujourd’hui dans les grandes villes européennes sont originaires de l’État d’Edo, au sud du Nigeria, une région où la traite est devenue un modèle économique à part entière. Malgré le jugement moral et la stigmatisation dont souffrent les prostituées au Nigeria, l’envoi d’une fille en Europe représente une opportunité que de nombreuses familles décident de saisir, misant sur les retombées financières potentielles qui permettraient une ascension sociale collective. La prostitution vue comme un projet migratoire familial au Nigeria permet d’éclairer le rôle joué par les parents dans les mécanismes qui rendent possible, voire renforcent, l’exploitation sexuelle des filles en Europe.
Re-présentations sur Instagram du corps des étudiants japonais engagés dans des clubs sportifs à partir de la photo-interview
Authors: Duteil-Ogata Fabienne 
Published: November 2020

Les jeunes Japonais engagés dans des clubs sportifs universitaires utilisent les réseaux sociaux, notamment Instagram. Comment ces étudiants sportifs re-présentent-ils leur corps sur Instagram, que disent-ils ou non de leurs pratiques corporelles ? À partir de la pratique de la photo-interview initiée par John Collier que je revisiterai à l’ère du numérique, phonoégraphie-interview, j’analyserai les re-présentations de la corporalité de deux sportifs (un judoka et une danseuse) à partir du filtre des figures de style , reprenant le travail exploratoire d’Albert Piette « Ontographies comparées » (2010), pour rendre compte du mode de présence du corps . L’analyse des posts des deux étudiants sportifs sur Instagram à l’aune des posts de leurs pairs montre que leur pratique sportive quotidienne est peu re-présentée, contrairement aux moments « exceptionnels » de leur vie étudiante. L’action et l’émotion sont au cœur de leurs phonoégraphies, le corps s’exprime de manière métonymique ou sur un mode parodique voire ludique, privilégiant l’Autre, créant une corporalité communicationnelle.
Corps, chair et réseaux socio-numériques : corps performants à l’ère du numérique
Authors: Lemeilleur Sandra 
Published: November 2020

La question de la présence du corps dans les réseaux socio-numériques est travaillée par la peur de sa disparition et de son absorption alors que son image virtualisée est omniprésente dans les fils d’actualités de type Facebook, ou plus encore, sur Instagram ou même sur les sites de rencontres comme Tinder. Le corps devient alors un objet malléable, se faisant l’écho de la subjectivité qui le porte, le produit, le publie. Le corps performant, bodybuildé, rasé de près, saisi dans des salles de sports est publié sans cesse sur les réseaux socio-numériques. Il est au service de la subjectivité afin qu’elle se dote d’un corps d’éternité à jamais visible, d’un Corps sans Organes, comme le dirait Artaud, qui trouverait enfin sa forme complète sur ces dispositifs numériques. Ce faisant, si le corps est omniprésent, c’est la chair qui manque, c’est l’incarnation du corps qui échappe. Événement qui génère un imaginaire furtif et galopant projeté sur des corps performants mais absents. Plus largement, cette omniprésence des corps virtualisés et cette absence de chair façonnent nos rapports de corps hors ligne et ses représentations deviennent mouvantes. Cet article présente « les bonnes raisons » de la subjectivité pour produire autant d’images de corps sur les réseaux socio-numériques.
Knowledge and attitude towards hazardous effects of laser pointers among attendees of football matches in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Altwijri Rahaf , Alsuliman Suliman A. , Alanazi Latifa , Aldossari Shaikha H. , Ahmad Abeer , Al Dhibi Hassan , Alsulaiman Sulaiman M. 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE:
There has been a recent increase in accidental retinal injuries due to the careless use of handheld laser devices. The scenarios under which these incidents occur suggest a lack of awareness of the sight-threatening hazards of some handheld lasers. This study aimed to assess knowledge of the population to plan awareness programs and establish protective health policies.

METHODS:
This observational cross-sectional study used a newly-developed, validated, and pilot-tested questionnaire to survey attendees of football matches in Saudi Arabia between September to October 2018.

RESULTS:
Five-hundred and sixty-nine attendees were surveyed, and 76% of respondents knew laser pointers were harmful and could damage the eye. However, 73% of respondents did not think that the blue laser was dangerous, indicating poor awareness regarding this particular laser. Only 38% knew which ocular structure is most commonly damaged, and 15.6% did not realize that brief exposure can cause vision loss. Females had better knowledge compared to males. Respondents between 25 and 40 years old, females, and married individuals had the highest levels of a positive attitude. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean knowledge score between those in the medical field and other fields (P = 0.5).

CONCLUSION:
There is an inadequate knowledge of protective measures against handheld lasers. However, there's an overall positive attitude towards spreading awareness about this issue. Yet, targeted awareness campaigns are still needed in addition to more strict government laws to prevent importing or using high-powered handheld laser pointers.
Reasons for not performing surface ablation refractive surgery in Saudi population
Authors: Alsulami Raed , Alzahrani Saeed , AlQahtani Bader , Khayyat Hassan , Alghamdi Saeed 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE:
The primary goal of this study is to analyze the reasons why refractive surgery was not performed for candidates who requested the procedure among single eye-clinic visitors in Saudi Arabia. Secondarily, we aimed to determine the corneal parameters that are characteristic of Saudi population and to figure out the relationship between the magnitude of central corneal thickness and the degree of myopia.

METHODS:
A retrospective data was collected for all patients who presented to a single-surgeon eye clinic at King Abdul Aziz Medical City-National Guard, Saudi Arabia, seeking refractive surgery between January 2010 and December 2015.

RESULTS:
Unstable refraction (21.78%) followed by amblyopia with unrealistic expectations (18.75%) and high myopia (15.62%) were the most common reasons not to proceed with refractive surgery in the included sample. The mean central corneal thickness for all patients included in this study was (538 μm ± 32.6). We found no significant relationship between central corneal thickness and the degree of myopia OD [rs(178) = −0.017, P = 0.823] and OS [rs(182) = 0.016, P = 0.831] for right and left eyes, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Unstable refraction followed by amblyopia with unrealistic expectations and high myopia were the leading causes not to perform refractive surgery in this study. No significant relationship can be figured out between central corneal thickness and the degree of myopia.
Comparison of surgical outcomes between sulcus and anterior chamber implanted glaucoma drainage devices
Authors: Alobaida Ibrahim A. , Malik Rizwan , Ahmad Sameer 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE:
This retrospective case-control cross-sectional study compared the outcomes of sulcus placement of glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) versus traditional anterior chamber (AC) to test the hypothesis that sulcus placement results in fewer complications whilst maintaining similar efficacy.

METHODS:
This study included 45 patients in the sulcus group and 60 patients in the anterior chamber (AC) group who had undergone surgery from January 2014 to December 2017. Data were collected on pre-operative demographics, operative details and post-operative intraocular pressure and complications. The IOP, number of medications and complications between the two groups was compared. A P value of <5% was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:
The sulcus group had significantly lower overall complications compared to the AC group with a comparable IOP decrease between groups. There were significantly lower rates of hyphaema in the sulcus (3 cases) compared to AC group (17 cases) (P < 0.05). Severe or late complications (implant exposure, corneal decompensation, endophthalmitis, poor vision, choroidal hemorrhage and cornea edema) were significantly lower in the sulcus group [2 eyes; 4.4%] compared to the AC group [13 eyes; 21.7%] (P < 0.05). The sulcus group required fewer medications during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSION:
Sulcus implantation of GDD resulted in less postoperative hyphaema and severe complications compared to AC implantation. Our findings concur with the literature that sulcus implantation is safe and effective for controlling IOP for various types of glaucoma. The long-term effects of endothelial cell loss for sulcus versus AC implantation require further evaluation.
A Critical Disconnect: Residency Selection Factors Lack Correlation With Intern Performance
Authors: Burkhardt John C. , Parekh Kendra P. , Gallahue Fiona E. , London Kory S. , Edens Mary A. , Humbert A. J. , Pillow M. Tyson , Santen Sally A. , Hopson Laura R. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Emergency medicine (EM) residency programs want to employ a selection process that will rank best possible applicants for admission into the specialty.

Objective
We tested if application data are associated with resident performance using EM milestone assessments. We hypothesized that a weak correlation would exist between some selection factors and milestone outcomes.

Methods
Utilizing data from 5 collaborating residency programs, a secondary analysis was performed on residents trained from 2013 to 2018. Factors in the model were gender, underrepresented in medicine status, United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 and 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK), Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA), grades (EM, medicine, surgery, pediatrics), advanced degree, Standardized Letter of Evaluation global assessment, rank list position, and controls for year assessed and program. The primary outcomes were milestone level achieved in the core competencies. Multivariate linear regression models were fitted for each of the 23 competencies with comparisons made between each model's results.

Results
For the most part, academic performance in medical school (Step 1, 2 CK, grades, AOA) was not associated with residency clinical performance on milestones. Isolated correlations were found between specific milestones (eg, higher surgical grade increased wound care score), but most had no correlation with residency performance.

Conclusions
Our study did not find consistent, meaningful correlations between the most common selection factors and milestones at any point in training. This may indicate our current selection process cannot consistently identify the medical students who are most likely to be high performers as residents.
6 voces en 10 minutos: Proceso de selección de paciente
Authors: Álvarez María Gabriela 
Published: November 2020

6 voces en 10 minutos: Estrategias para el descenso de peso en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2Proceso de selección de pacienteLa selección adecuada de los pacientes para la cirugía bariátrica y metabólica es un punto crucial, en especial para los pacientes con obesidad grado 1. Hasta el momento, la selección de los candidatos se centra en el IMC, a pesar de que la mayor parte de la evidencia sugiere que el IMC basal no es un factor predictivo de la remisión de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y que la mejoría de ésta no depende en forma exclusiva del descenso de peso. Los criterios actuales basados en el IMC deberían reemplazarse por parámetros relacionados con la condición metabólica del paciente individual. Existen diversos scores predictivos que ayudarían en el proceso de selección de los pacientes con más probabilidades de éxito con el tratamiento quirúrgico y a tener expectativas realistas sobre los resultados de la cirugía, aunque existe poca concordancia entre los scores disponibles en la actualidad.
6 voces en 10 minutos: Seguimiento postoperatorio
Authors: Fuentes Susana 
Published: November 2020

6 voces en 10 minutos: Estrategias para el descenso de peso en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Seguimiento postoperatorioA fines de la década de 1980 los investigadores comenzaron a informar que los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica (CB) presentaban mejora y/o remisión de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2).Un metaanálisis, que incluyó 19 estudios (en su mayoría observacionales) y 4.070 pacientes, informó una tasa de resolución general de DM2 del 78% después de la CB. La mayoría de estos estudios, sin embargo, fue retrospectivo, con un seguimiento de solo 1-3 años en promedio. En el estudio SOS, con más de 15 años de seguimiento, la tasa de remisión para DM2 fue de 72% a los 2 años pero con una caída al 36% a los 10 años. Es decir que la reaparición o recurrencia de la DM2 es una situación que puede presentarse en la evolución de estos pacientes, por lo cual es muy importante enfatizar en la necesidad de los controles en el seguimiento a largo plazo de aquellos operados.
6 voces en 10 minutos: Estrategias para prevenir reaparición de la diabetes mellitus luego de la remisión
Authors: Primerano Adriana 
Published: November 2020

6 voces en 10 minutos: Estrategias para el descenso de peso en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Estrategias para prevenir reaparición de la diabetes mellitus luego de la remisiónLuego de la cirugía bariátrica muchos pacientes persisten con diabetes o no logran sostener la remisón de la misma; este último caso generalmente va de la mano de la reganancia de peso.Al respecto, el estudio Gravitas mostró que la liraglutida 1,8% fue efectiva y segura para el tratamiento de pacientes con persistencia o recurrencia de la diabetes luego de la cirugía bariátrica. Se trata de un trabajo controlado, randomizado y doble ciego que enroló adultos de cinco hospitales de Londres con antecedentes de By pass gástrico en Y de Roux o manga gástrica, quienes presentaban persistencia o recurrencia de diabetes tipo 2, con niveles de HbA1c por encima de 6,5% al menos un año después de la cirugía bariátrica. En los pacientes tratados con liraglutida 1,8 mg/día mostró un descenso de la hemoglobina glicosilada de 1,22% o 13,3 mmol/mol (IC95%: -19,7 a -7 con una p=0,0001).
6 voces en 10 minutos: Aspirina en prevención primaria
Authors: Buso Carlos 
Published: November 2020

6 voces en 10 minutos: Estrategias para reducir el riesgo cardiovascular del paciente con diabetes mellitusAspirina en prevención primariaEl ácido acetilsalicílico es un antiinflamatorio no esteroideo (AINE) que inhibe a las ciclooxigenasas y consecuentemente la producción de prostaglandinas. El ácido acetilsalicílico acetila covalentemente las subunidades catalíticas de los dímeros de la COX-1 y de la COX-2, que inhiben irreversiblemente la actividad de la COX. El consumo de ácido acetilsalicílico prolonga el tiempo de sangría. Este efecto se debe a la acetilación irreversible de la COX de las plaquetas y la supresión permanente de la formación de TxA2 plaquetario. El ASA reduce en 20-25% el riesgo de eventos vasculares en pacientes de alto riesgo (infarto de miocardio previo) (ISIS2 1988-Gusto, etc). La reducción de los accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV) isquémicos es de 10-15% (Antithrombotic Trialists‘Collaboration et al., 2009). El beneficio del ácido acetilsalicílico supera claramente el riesgo de sangrado en prevención secundaria de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. La problemática se sitúa actualmente en los pacientes que no han tenido un evento aterotrombótico (prevención primaria, PP), donde diversos artículos demostraron una tendencia protectora bajo la sombra del riesgo de sangrado gastrointestinal, con números necesarios a tratar (NNT) para prevenir eventos muy cercanos al número para generar un evento adverso (NNH).