bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Within‐Person Fluctuations in Ethnic–Racial Affect and Discrimination‐Based Stress: Moderation by Average Ethnic–Racial Affect and Stress
Authors: Gonçalves Carolina , Yu Dian , Keces Natasha , Lerner Richard M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionDespite evidence highlighting the dynamic nature of ethnic–racial identity (ERI) development and the common occurrence of discriminatory experiences, many studies treat these constructs as static and equivalent across individuals. Drawing upon the Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory (PVEST), this study examined the within‐person covariations between ethnic–racial affect (individuals' positive feelings regarding their ethnic–racial background) and discrimination‐based stress, and whether these relations were moderated by average affect and average stress.MethodThis study employed an intensive longitudinal design with 771 observations nested within 133 participants (Mage = 16.07, SD = 0.67), 52.3% were girls and ~93.3% were African American from Chicago, Illinois.ResultsResults from the multilevel model analysis revealed that within‐person fluctuations in ethnic–racial affect were predicted by discrimination‐based stress and that these fluctuations were person‐specific. Furthermore, findings from this study also showed that the within‐person fluctuations in ethnic–racial affect in relation to stress from discrimination were weaker for those with higher average affect and stronger for those with higher average stress.ConclusionsThis study highlights the dynamic and situational nature of developmental processes by emphasizing the within‐person fluctuations and person‐specificity. These findings highlight the importance of developing and delivering interventions and programs that promote positive ethnic–racial affect to mitigate the negative impact of discrimination. These initiatives should be offered consistently and tailored to address individuals' specific needs to maximize their effectiveness.
Syringaldehyde Mitigates Cyclophosphamide‐Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis Through Modulation of the Nrf2/HO‐1/NFκB Pathway
Authors: Tureyen Ali , Cesur Selcan , Yalinbas‐Kaya Berrin , Zemheri‐Navruz Fahriye , Demirel Hasan Huseyin , Ince Sinan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCyclophosphamide (CYC) is one of the most potent antineoplastic drugs; however, hepatonephrotoxicity, observed following its use, remains one of its most severe side effects. Previous studies have reported that syringaldehyde (SYA), a flavonoid compound, exhibits anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, it is unclear whether SYA has any effects on hepatonephrotoxicity caused by the side effects of antineoplastic drugs. In the present research, we thoroughly evaluated the effects of SYA on cyclophosphamide‐induced hepatonephrotoxicity in a mouse model, focusing on Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway activation. In the present study, SYA (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) and CYC (30 mg/kg, i.p.) were delivered to male mice for 10 days to induce hepatonephrotoxicity. SYA treatment alleviated the elevated levels of AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine caused by CYC. It further suppressed lipid peroxidation by lowering MDA levels and enhanced antioxidant defense by elevating GSH, SOD, and CAT levels. Additionally, SYA increased the mRNA expression levels of HO‐1, Nrf2, and Bcl‐2, which had been reduced due to oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways, while suppressing the elevated gene expression levels of NFκB, TNF‐α, Bax, and Cas‐3. Furthermore, SYA regulated the altered protein expression levels of Nrf2, Cas‐3, Bax, and Bcl‐2 induced by CYC. Microscopically, SYA also mitigated liver and kidney tissue damage caused by CYC. In conclusion, SYA significantly reduced CYC‐induced hepatonephrotoxicity by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by employing the Nrf2/NFκB/HO‐1 pathway. These findings indicate that SYA has the possibility as a treatment option agent in the case of prevention of liver and kidney damage.
Establishment of an experimental system to analyse extracellular vesicles during apoplastic fungal pathogenesis
Authors: Hearfield Nathaniel , Brotherton Dominik , Gao Zedi , Inal Jameel , Stotz Henrik U. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPhoma stem canker disease of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is caused by the extracellular fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. Although this pathogen resides exclusively in apoplastic spaces surrounding plant cells, the significance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has not been assessed. Here, we show a method to collect apoplastic fluids (AFs) from infected leaves or cotyledons for collection of EVs during the process of host colonisation. The 15,000 × g supernatants of AFs were shown to contain ribulose‐bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) at 7 days post‐inoculation with L. maculans, a protein that was absent from unchallenged cotyledons. RuBisCO release coincided with the switch from biotrophy to necrotrophy, suggesting the involvement of host cell death. However, RuBisCO release did not differ between compatible and incompatible interactions, suggesting necrotrophic host cell death might not be the only process involved. EVs were also collected from axenic fungal cultures and characterised for their particle size distribution using nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The protein composition of EV‐enriched fractions was analysed using SDS‐PAGE and proteomics. Enrichment analysis of gene ontology terms provided evidence for involvement of glucan and chitin metabolism as well as catalase and peptidase activities. Most of the proteins identified have previously been found in EV studies and/or EV databases, and for most of the proteins evidence was found for an involvement in pathogenicity/virulence.
The Average Solution of a TSP Instance in a Graph
Authors: Cambie Stijn 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe define the average ‐TSP distance of a graph as the average length of a shortest closed walk visiting vertices, that is, the expected length of the solution for a random TSP instance with uniformly random chosen vertices. We prove relations with the average ‐Steiner distance and characterize the cases where equality occurs. We also give sharp bounds for given the order of the graph.
Hepatitis C Virus Saint Petersburg Variant Detection With Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Arslan Nurhan , Reuter Bernhard , Buech Joachim , Lengauer Thomas , Obermeier Martin , Kaiser Rolf , Pfeifer Nico 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus infection is a significant global health concern, affecting millions worldwide. Although direct‐acting antivirals achieve over 90% success rate, treatment failures still occur, particularly when pan‐genotypic DAAs are unavailable, and drugs need to be chosen based on the present HCV genotype. Genotyping tests can be misleading, especially in cases involving the 2k/1b recombinant variant. The 2k/1b variant was first discovered in Saint Petersburg in 2002 and is most commonly observed in Eastern European countries, including Russia, Georgia, and Ukraine. Due to migration, the 2k/1b variant has spread to Western Europe and other regions, potentially increasing HCV transmission and changing the virus's epidemiological landscape. The situation highlights the importance of molecular epidemiology in monitoring the spread of the 2k/1b variant. Accurate detection and characterization of the 2k/1b variant are crucial for an effective treatment if no pan‐genotypic DAAs are available. To address this need, machine learning models were developed to predict the 2k/1b variant based on 1b and 2k/1b sequence data from nonstructural proteins. They were integrated into the geno2pheno[HCV] tool, providing physicians and researchers with an open‐access resource for determining HCV genotypes, including the 2k/1b variant.
Epstein‐Barr Virus‐Associated Pneumonia in a Healthy Adult Presenting With Pulmonary Nodules and Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tabarsi Payam , Hemmatian Marjan , Moradi Maryam 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus that affects more than 90% of people worldwide. It is usually spread through saliva. Although most infections show no symptoms or only lead to mono, uncommon complications such as respiratory issues can arise, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. While rare, cases of EBV‐related pneumonia, lung nodules, and venous thromboembolism have been occasionally reported. A 17‐year‐old male came in with fever, dyspnea, massive hemoptysis, and sore throat. Numerous pulmonary nodules were shown in imaging. According to broncho‐alveolar lavage, and biopsy results EBV‐induced pneumonia was diagnosed. During hospitalization, the patient also experienced deep vein thrombosis and needed heparin treatment. The current study contributes to the increasing amount of research on unusual displays of EBV in healthy adults. It highlights the significance of considering EBV in the differential diagnosis for healthy adults with unexplained pulmonary nodules and venous thromboembolism.
Detection of Measles Virus Genotype D8 in Wastewater of the Brussels Capital Region, Belgium
Authors: Rector Annabel , Bloemen Mandy , Hoorelbeke Bart , Van Ranst Marc , Wollants Elke 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe analyzed wastewater from Belgian treatment plants to look for measles virus. Genotype D8 was identified in Brussels North samples, matching sequences from 15 regional measles cases. Finding measles virus in wastewater can suggest undetected virus transmission. Wastewater surveillance is a valuable tool for identifying viral circulation and supporting public health interventions against outbreaks.
Catalogue and Analysis of Extraordinary Precipitation Events in the Spanish Mainland, 1916–2022
Authors: Gonzalez‐Hidalgo José Carlos , Beguería Santiago , Peña‐Angulo Dhais , Blanco Víctor Trullenque 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCatalogues of past hazardous events are essential for understanding their magnitude, frequency, geographical distribution and underlying mechanisms. Such compilations provide critical data for identifying patterns, improving predictive models, and enhancing preparedness, thereby contributing to the mitigation of future risks and facilitating effective adaptation to climate‐related hazards. In this article, we present the first comprehensive catalogue of extraordinary precipitation over the Spanish mainland, spanning more than a century. This work provides valuable insights into spatial and temporal patterns of these events. We compiled monthly maxima of daily precipitation (Rx1day) exceeding 100 and 200 mm by combining the documentary collections of the AEMET National Climate Data Bank (1916–2022) with newly digitised data from the Annual Summaries of Observation Books (1916–1950). As a result, this dataset represents the most extensive and detailed collection of extraordinary precipitation events in the region. It includes 19,184 monthly maxima records above 100 mm from 4325 observatories, occurring across 4814 days (events). Additionally, there are 1130 records exceeding 200 mm, grouped into 530 days and recorded in 664 observatories. As anticipated, extraordinary rainfalls were most frequent in autumn, while summer recorded the lowest number of events. These events occurred across nearly all regions, although a higher concentration were observed near coastlines. This is particularly the case of records and events over 200 mm, which concentrated along the Mediterranean arc. We identified five spatial patterns that correspond with specific weather types. Beyond atmospheric circulation, the topography played a critical role in determining the spatial extension of extraordinary precipitations. The newly digitised dataset is available at https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/354840, accompanied by a collection of maps of daily events. Raw data from the AEMET's National Climate Data Bank are subject to a licenced agreement.
Determining the Minimum Number of Examined Lymph Nodes for N1b Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients
Authors: Xiao Liu , Zhang Wei , Ma Yu , Li Lin , Liu Bin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the number of examined lymph nodes (eLNs) and postoperative residual lateral LN disease in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and lateral nodal metastasis (N1b) and determine the minimal threshold for the eLNs.MethodsPatients diagnosed with unilateral N1b PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy with therapeutic LN dissection of the central and lateral compartments between January 2012 and December 2022 were included. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the threshold number of eLNs that independently influenced the risk of residual lateral LN disease.ResultsResidual lateral LN disease was identified in 56 (5.4%) of 1042 T1‐2 patients and 74 (12.3%) of 602 T3‐4 patients. When analyzed as a continuous variable, the number of eLNs in the lateral neck was independently associated with a reduced risk of residual lateral LN disease in both T1‐2 (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90–0.97; p < 0.001) and T3‐4 patients (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.91–0.97; p < 0.001). As a categorical variable, the risk of residual lateral LN disease continued to decrease significantly until the number of eLNs reached 34 in T1‐2 patients and 46 in T3‐4 patients.ConclusionComprehensive preoperative imaging for LN status and systematic compartmental dissection of the affected levels are critical in managing N1b PTC. To minimize the risk of residual lateral LN disease, the minimum recommended number of eLNs in the lateral neck is 34 for T1‐2 patients and 46 for T3‐4 patients.Level of Evidence4‐retrospective cohort study.
Limited microbial degradation of elevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon in the deep ocean
Authors: Liu Tao , Li Yixian , Shen Yuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the ocean's capacity potential to store dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is essential for predicting its role in long‐term carbon sequestration and climate regulation. This capacity hinges on the behavior of DOC at elevated concentrations, a critical yet unresolved question that has produced mixed results due to narrow concentration ranges tested previously and limited molecular insights. This study addresses these gaps by investigating microbial degradation of DOC across a broad concentration range (2‐ to 55‐fold) in year‐long bioassay experiments using solid‐phase extracted DOC (SPE‐DOC) from 2000‐m‐deep waters. Specific SPE‐DOC compounds (combined amino acids) were analyzed to provide a molecular‐level understanding of DOC reactivity at varying concentrations. Our results show that microbial communities rapidly proliferated and became more uniform following SPE‐DOC amendments, with Nitrosococcales, Flavobacteriales, and Alteromonadales dominating. Despite these shifts, microbial utilization of SPE‐DOC was constrained, exhibiting a nonlinear relationship with concentration, from < 3% in the control to a maximum of 9% in DOC‐enriched groups. Degradation was predominantly confined to the initial 28 d, with negligible additional removal (0–2%) thereafter. Compound‐specific analysis showed only moderate utilization (7–11%) of amino acid compounds within the first 3 d, indicating restricted microbial access even when these individual compounds were concentrated. These results indicate that a fraction of deep‐sea DOC molecules can persist for long at elevated concentrations. Our study demonstrates the ocean's substantial potential for DOC storage and suggests that modern ocean is capable of accommodating a larger DOC reservoir than is currently present.
Analyzing Ionic Transport Properties of Starch/Glycerin‐Sodium Phosphate Solid Polymer Electrolyte Utilizing Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Awang Fatin Farhana , Nor Mohd Al Amin Muhamad , Sheng Chan Kok , Hassan Mohd Faiz 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThin films of solid polymer electrolytes are being fabricated using corn starch doped with glycerin/sodium phosphate and varying ratios of polymer and salt. These films are prepared through a dual‐solvent technique. Glycerin is introduced into the solution mixture to enhance the elasticity of the polymer film, thereby increasing the flexibility of the thin membrane. The conductivity and electrical properties of these thin films are being analyzed to gain insights into the ion transport characteristics of the polymer electrolytes. At room temperature, the highest observed conductivity is 1.22 × 10−2 S cm−1, achieved in the 30 wt.% Na3PO4 salt‐doped polymer electrolyte system. Upon evaluating the transport properties, it becomes evident that the ionic conductivity is predominantly influenced by the concentration of charge carriers, especially in high Na3PO4 content. As the salt content is further increased, the diffusion coefficient and mobility of charge carriers decrease.
Imprinted Effects on the Boric Acid Removal from Water by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Salim Nurjannah , Kamarudin Kamrul Fakir , Samah Nurlin Abu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn the present work, a study of boron removal from water using molecularly imprinted polymer‐boric acid (MIP‐BA) is conducted. This study is significant as it can be an addition for removing boric species, particularly in cases when carbon in tertiary treatment is ineffective. Kinetic study, saturation study and pH effect are among the parameters chosen to characterize the sorption characteristics of MIP‐BA using Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) detection. In the kinetic study in batch mode, boron is removed at an efficiency removal of 80.18% after 5 mins before stabilizing over 60 min. The adsorption process is deduced to be chemisorption in adsorption kinetic modelling studies. In the saturation study, the adsorption capacity of MIP‐BA is increased. The adsorption isotherm study conveyed that there is a monolayer adsorption on homogenous surface of MIP‐BA as Langmuir's model posted a R2 value of 0.9932 bettering 0.9832 posted by Freundlich's model. The optimal pH for boron removal is pH 8.7 (87.93%). The hydroxyl group readily forms covalent bonds with boron when reacted with boric acid in alkali medium. Non imprinted polymer (NIP) is effective at extracting boron from water, reducing the cost of cleaning the polymer with a Soxhlet equipment.
Ionic Liquid Mixed Polymer Electrolyte for Supercapacitor
Authors: Theodore Azemtsop Manfo , Srivastava Monika , Kumar Sandeep , Yahya M. Z. A. , Yadav Tarun , Yusuf S. N. F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn present paper the authors targeted to present the recent Ionic Liquids doped polymer electrolyte and tested its electrochemical, thermal, and physicochemical properties, which are decisive for Electrochemical devices. Ionic Liquids can also be considered designer solvents to substitute the more flammable organic carbonates and enhance the green credentials and performance of renewable energy storage devices mainly Supercapacitor and Lithium Ioin Battery. This review presents the recent Ionic Liquids doped electrolyte electrochemical, thermal, and physicochemical properties, which are decisive for supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries. Ionic Liquids can also be considered designer solvents to substitute the more flammable organic carbonates and enhance the green credentials and performance of renewable energy storage devices like Supercapacitor, Batteries.
Waste Material Management with a Coxian Arrival and First Exceptional Service Queueing Model
Authors: Khurana Rachna , Sharma Manju , Jadon Vinay Kumar , Sharma Amit , Alam Khursheed 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper studies a variant of the C2/G/1 queue, where the service time distribution for a customer depends on whether the server is busy or idle when the customer arrives. This class of models is relevant in scenarios where the server may require varying amounts of time when it resumes service after being idle. Customer arrives in the system according to 2‐stage Coxian distribution. By using supplementary variable techniques and recursive method that utilizes generating function, we derived steady‐state probabilities to analyze the distribution of queue length and sojourn time. Queueing models of this type have wide application in streamline operations like waste material management, and ensure effectiveness.
The Use of the Macromolecule Products of the Biogenic Reaction as the Basic Nucleus in the Preparation of Quinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Hamad Diana Thabt , Ghazi Abdul Karim Muhammad , Salim Jasim Saad 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn light of the medical significance of quinazoline derivatives, this study focuses on the synthesis of new quinazoline derivatives derived from the reaction of hydrazones with amino benzoic acid. Ethyl 6‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐5‐carboxylate, obtained via the Biginelli reaction, serves as a nucleophile in the preparation of hydrazides. Subsequently, these hydrazides react with various benzaldehyde derivatives to form hydrazones. The synthesized compounds are characterized using physical and spectroscopic techniques including melting point determination, NMR spectroscopy (1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR), and FTIR spectroscopy to confirm their chemical structure. The biological activity of these compounds is evaluated against two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, to assess their potential application in antimicrobial therapy.
Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Mental Health Services for Adults in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Komu Clement K. , Ngigi Michael , Melson Ambrose J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), despite a high prevalence of mental health conditions, less than 10% of those living with mental illness access professional mental health services (MHS). This systematic review aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesise studies conducted in SSA seeking to understand the barriers and facilitators to accessing MHS for adults in SSA. A systematic search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases was conducted using key terms (Barriers, Facilitators, Access, Mental Health Services, and Sub‐Saharan Africa) with 16 studies meeting the eligibility criteria for inclusion. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools based on the articles’ study methodology. Data from the included studies were extracted using a standardised proforma and grouped into source details, methodology, participants’ characteristics and the main finding(s). A narrative synthesis was adopted to systematically summarise and evaluate included studies. Only nine of 46 Sub‐Saharan African countries were represented in the included studies. Barriers included lack of or little knowledge of mental disorders and professional services; negative attitudes held towards mental health services; cultural and religious beliefs leading to over‐reliance on traditional and spiritual interventions; and stigmatising beliefs that included self‐stigmatisation, stigma and discrimination from family, the community, and healthcare providers. Facilitators to accessing mental health services were more limited and included awareness of mental disorders and the services offered; social support and acceptance by family members and the community; and the availability of community‐based mental health services. This systematic review identified barriers such as limited knowledge, stigma, and reliance on traditional interventions inhibiting access to mental health services in Sub‐Saharan Africa. The region's limited representation and scarcity of facilitators highlights an urgent need for targeted interventions to improve mental health accessibility.