bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental maintenance with effective and useful zoning to protect patients and medical staff from COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Ogawa Fumihiro , Kato Hideaki , Sakai Kazuya , Nakamura Kana , Ogawa Mizuki , Uchiyama Munehito , Nakajima Kento , Ohyama Yutaro , Abe Takeru , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: June 2020

AimThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has accelerated all over the world, and global health‐care systems have become overwhelmed with potentially infectious patients seeking testing and care. It is essential to set up effective and useful zoning to prevent the spread of infection to and from medical staff or other patients with effective use of standard precautions with personal protective equipment (PPE).MethodsWe repurposed a general ward into an acute care unit for severe COVID‐19 patients taking into consideration airflow, the direction of movement of medical staff, and prevention of the spread of infection to medical staff and other patients. We checked the daily condition and body temperature of all medical staff for 60 days.ResultsThere was no evidence of COVID‐19 infection in any medical staff or other patients during the period thanks to effective and useful zoning with PPE.ConclusionSpecial wards and rooms should be set up for future protection of medical staff and other patients, and prevent the explosion of COVID‐19 infection with effective and useful zoning with PPE.
Quantifying beryllium concentrations in plant shoots from forest ecosystems using cation‐exchange chromatography and quadrupole ICP‐MS
Authors: Uhlig David , Goldberg Tatiana , Frick Daniel A. , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBeryllium (Be) is known to be one of the most toxic elements but at the same time exerts a stimulating effect on plant growth. Despite this contradiction, little is known about the Be metabolism in living organisms, partially because of the low amounts present and because the analysis of Be in plants by ICP‐MS remains challenging. The challenges arise from the complex organic matrix, the low abundance of Be relative to the other plant essential elements, and the matrix effects resulting thereof in the plasma. To address these challenges, we developed and evaluated a new method for Be concentration analysis in plant material. Key is the quantitative separation of Be from the other matrix elements by cation‐exchange chromatography. The new method was verified by processing seven reference materials representing different plant matrices yielding a long‐term reproducibility of 16% (RSD). Applying the method, Be concentrations in tree, shrub, bush, and grass samples grown in non‐polluted ecosystems from four temperate forests and a tropical rainforest were measured. The Be concentrations in different plant organs range from 0.01 to 63 ng/g that suggest a natural baseline for Be concentrations of 52 ng/g (95 percentile of non‐woody tissue) that may serve as bioindicator for Be pollution in the environment. Comparison of Be concentrations in plants with the soil's biologically available fraction revealed that Be is discriminated from uptake into shoots and thus can be considered as non‐essential.
Study on mass at the bottom of the pipe and gas velocity distribution during flow blockage collapsing under pipe‐rotation mechanism
Authors: Jia Wenguang , Feng Shaohua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe flow blockage of the horizontal pipe is a severe problem in dense pneumatic conveying; accelerating the collapse of blockage can improve the efficiency of powder transportation. In this paper, the pipe‐rotation mechanism was proposed for the first time, and its effect on blockage collapse was preliminarily discussed. A horizontal pipe‐rotation geometry with a linear variation of rotating speed was established, and the rotational speed was 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 rpm, respectively. The collapsing process of a single slug passing through the rotating horizontal pipe was simulated by using the Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐discrete element method (DEM) model. The change of mass at the bottom of the pipe and gas velocity distribution was studied. It was found that, in the prophase of flow, centrifugal force is more dominant than circumferential friction; in the anaphase of flow, the opposite is true. In terms of gas velocity distribution and pressure distribution, pipe rotation with different speeds has the same action law to flow blockage collapse. Moreover, 300 rpm was found to be the optimal speed in our study, instead of the faster ones. It is trusted that the method reported in this paper will serve as a helping source for the upcoming studies towards the slug collapse of dense‐phase pneumatic conveying.
Separation of phenolic compounds from oil mixtures by betaine‐based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Li Guangsheng , Xie Qiang , Liu Qian , Liu Jinchang , Wan Chaoran , Liang Dingcheng , Zhang Haiyong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeparation of phenolic compounds from coal tar is of both economic and technological interest in the processing of coal tar. In this work, three deep eutectic solvents (DES) of betaine‐glycerol, betaine‐dl‐lactic acid, and betaine‐levulinic acid were formed and used to extract phenolic compounds from model coal tar. The effects of extraction time, temperature, initial phenol content, and mass ratio of DES to phenol on extraction were investigated. Then, the extraction and formation mechanisms of extractant were studied by the experimental and simulation methods. In addition, the neutral oil entrainment and the recycling of DES were also investigated. The results showed that phenol could be efficiently extracted in short time by three DES and the temperature had little effect on phenol extraction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and deformation charge density indicated that the three DES are formed with hydrogen bonding interaction, the hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen bond donor of DES can form hydrogen bonding with phenol, respectively, and then synergistic extract phenol from model oil. The betaine‐glycerol (Bet‐Gly) was determined to be the preferable solvent with the extraction efficiency of 94.6% and 5.2% neutral oil entrainment under optimal conditions. It is an advantageous extractant in the separation of phenolic compounds from coal tar.
Connectivity, habitat, and flow regime influence fish assemblage structure: Implications for environmental water management in a perennial river of the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia
Authors: Pusey Bradley J. , Douglas Michael , Olden Julian D. , Jackson Sue , Allsop Quentin , Kennard Mark J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Environmental water management seeks to balance competing demands between the water needed to sustain human populations and their economic activities and that required to sustain functioning freshwater ecosystems and the species they support. It must be predicated on an understanding of the environmental, hydrological, and biological factors that determine the distribution and abundance of aquatic species.
The Daly River of the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia consists of a perennially flowing main stem and large tributaries, as well as many small to large naturally intermittent tributaries, and associated off‐channel wetlands. Increased groundwater abstraction to support irrigated agriculture during the dry season threatens to reduce dry‐season flows that maintain perenniality and persistence of freshwater fishes.
Fish assemblages were surveyed at 55 locations during the dry season over a 2‐year period with the goal of establishing the key landscape‐scale and local‐scale (i.e. habitat) drivers of fish species distribution.
Longitudinal (upstream/downstream) and lateral (river/floodplain) gradients in assemblage structure were observed with the latter dependent on the position in the river landscape. Underlying these gradients, stream flow intermittency influenced assemblage composition, species richness, and body size distributions. Natural constraints to dispersal were identified and their influence on assemblage structure was also dependent on position within the catchment.
Eight distinct assemblage types were identified, defined by differences in the abundance of species within five groups differing in functional traits describing body size, spawning requirements, and dispersal capacity. These functional groups largely comprised species widely distributed in northern Australia.
The results of the study are discussed with reference to the environmental flow needs of the Daly River and other rivers of northern Australia. The findings may also be applied to environmental flow management in savannah rivers elsewhere.
Risks, benefits, and control of information: Two studies of smart electric meter privacy
Authors: Rieks Angela Ramnarine , Dedrick Jason , Stanton Jeffrey 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSmart electric meters collect data on electricity use to potentially improve efficiency for utilities, shape power consumption, and ultimately reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Consumer groups and experts have raised concerns about privacy, as smart meters can provide detailed information about activity within the home. This study examines privacy beliefs of U.S. consumers using qualitative data from focus groups together with experimental data from a national online survey of utility customers. Exploratory analysis of focus group findings suggested that consumers who felt in control of their data perceived fewer risks and more benefits from having access to the data. Participants in the online experiment saw greater risk and less benefit when advised that smart meters could be used to raise prices under time‐of‐use pricing. Participants also saw greater risk when the utility shared customer data with a third party. Risks and benefits influenced perceptions of control. These findings accord with several information privacy frameworks adding new insights about consumers' perceived control over their energy data. The findings can inform utility companies and policymakers with respect to giving consumers more control over their data, reducing consumers' privacy concerns, communicating benefits of smart meter data, and providing accurate information about the risks.
Time‐dependent warming amplification over the Tibetan Plateau during the past few decades
Authors: Duan Jianping , Li Lun , Chen Liang , Zhang Haoxin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is reported that surface warming over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has been faster than the global average, but exactly how much faster remains controversial. This study investigates the time dependency of warming amplification over the TP using CRU_TS4.01 grid dataset during 1961–2016 with a consideration of its consistency with the global average. We find that the magnitude of warming on the TP and its consistency with the global average have been variable. Compared to the global average, the TP warming during 1983–2016 is faster than in the period of 1961–1983, and has a higher consistency with the global average in the period of 1983–2016. The TP warming has a seasonal amplification of 1.1–1.4 times than the global average during 1983–2016, while warming amplification during 1961–1983 is relatively less evident. Generally, the magnitude of warming on the TP is smaller than in the northern high‐latitudes, but larger than in the Southern Hemisphere and the Tropics. Based on current scientific understanding, the possible contribution of snow/ice‐albedo feedback may have played an important role in warming amplification on the TP since the 1980s.
Thermoluminescence study in fossils of dinosaur bones and eggshells
Authors: Ovhal Digambar A. , Samant Bandana , Dhoble N.S. , Mohabey D.M. , Dhoble S.J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, thermoluminescence (TL) characterization of fossils of sauropod dinosaur bone, dinosaur eggshells, and associated sediments were recorded for the first time. The fossil bone was collected from the Bagwanya intertrappean sediments in the Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh, India. TL was recorded using 60Co gamma ray exposure at different doses. Fossils of dinosaur bone, dinosaur eggshells, and associated sediments were irradiated using 60Co gamma rays at different doses from 0.15 kGy to 19 kGy. The linear dose–response curve of the irradiated sample was obtained for a dose ranging from 0.15 kGy to 9.5 kGy. These geological samples were characterized further using X‐ray diffraction for confirmation with phase, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and wavelength dispersive‐X‐ray fluorescence for determination of the elemental composition in parts per million to percentage levels.
Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by direct delivery of Cbfβ protein
Authors: Lee Jaeyoung , Cha Hyeonjin , Park Tai Hyun , Park Ju Hyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCore binding factor β (Cbfβ) is a non‐DNA binding cofactor of Runx2 that potentiates DNA binding. Previously, it has been reported that Cbfβ plays an essential role in osteogenic differentiation and skeletal development by inhibition adipogenesis. Here, we delivered the recombinant Cbfβ protein into human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and triggered osteogenic lineage commitment. The efficient delivery of Cbfβ was achieved by fusing 30Kc19 protein, which is a cell‐penetrating protein derived from the silkworm. After the production of the recombinant Cbfβ‐30Kc19 protein in the Escherichia coli expression system, and confirmation of its intracellular delivery, MSCs were treated with the Cbfβ‐30Kc19 once or twice up to 300 µg/ml. By investigating the upregulation of osteoblast‐specific genes and phenotypical changes, such as calcium mineralization, we demonstrated that Cbfβ‐30Kc19 efficiently induced osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. At the same time, Cbfβ‐30Kc19 suppressed adipocyte formation and downregulated the expression of adipocyte‐specific genes. Our results demonstrate that the intracellularly delivered Cbfβ‐30Kc19 enhances osteogenesis in MSCs, whereas it suppresses adipogenesis by altering the transcriptional regulatory network involved in osteoblast‐adipocyte lineage commitment. Cbfβ‐30Kc19 holds great potential for the treatment of bone‐related diseases, such as osteoporosis, by allowing transcriptional regulation in MSCs, and overcoming the limitations of current therapies.
Exploring the Chemoselectivity towards Cysteine Arylation by Cyclometallated AuIII Compounds: New Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Thomas Sophie R. , Bonsignore Riccardo , Sánchez Escudero Jorge , Meier‐Menches Samuel M. , Brown Christopher M. , Wolf Michael O. , Barone Giampaolo , Luk Louis Y. P. , Casini Angela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo gain more insight into the factors controlling efficient cysteine arylation by cyclometallated AuIII complexes, the reaction between selected gold compounds and different peptides was investigated by high‐resolution liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐LC‐ESI‐MS). The deduced mechanisms of C−S cross‐coupling, also supported by density functional theory (DFT) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations, evidenced the key role of secondary peptidic gold binding sites in favouring the process of reductive elimination.
Ionic Dissociation of SiCl4: Formation of [SiL6]Cl4 with L=Dimethylphosphinic Acid
Authors: Kowalke Janine , Wagler Jörg , Viehweger Christine , Brendler Erica , Kroke Edwin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReactions of SiCl4 with R2PO(OH) (R=Me, Cl) yield compounds with six‐fold coordinated silicon atoms. Whereas R=Me afforded the hexacoordinated tetra‐cationic silicon complex [Si(Me2PO(OH))6]4+ with chloride counter‐ions, R=Cl caused release of HCl with formation of a cyclic dimeric silicon complex [Si(Cl2PO(OH))(Cl2PO2)3(μ‐Cl2PO2)]2 with bridging bidentate dichlorophosphates.
Rational Design of Carbon‐Based 2D Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2Reduction: A Dimensionality Perspective
Authors: Ong Wee‐Jun , Putri Lutfi Kurnianditia , Mohamed Abdul Rahman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2reduction is a revolutionary approach to solve imminent energy and environmental issues by replicating the ingenuity of nature. The past decade has witnessed an impetus in the rise of two‐dimensional (2D) structure materials as advanced nanomaterials to boost photocatalytic activities. In particular, the use of 2D carbon‐based materials is deemed as highly favorable, not only as a green material choice, but also due to their exceptional physicochemical and electrical properties. This Review article presents a diverse range of alterations and compositions derived from 2D carbon‐based nanomaterials, mainly graphene and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), which have remarkably ameliorated the photocatalytic CO2performance. Herein, the rational design of the photocatalyst systems with consideration of the aspect of dimensionality and the resultant heterostructures at the interface are systematically analyzed to elucidate an insightful perspective on this pacey subject. Finally, a conclusion and outlook on the limitations and prospects of the cutting‐edge research field are highlighted.
An open access mouse brain flatmap and upgraded rat and human brain flatmaps based on current reference atlases
Authors: Hahn Joel D. , Swanson Larry W. , Bowman Ian , Foster Nicholas N. , Zingg Brian , Bienkowski Michael S. , Hintiryan Houri , Dong Hong‐Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHere we present a flatmap of the mouse central nervous system (CNS) (brain) and substantially enhanced flatmaps of the rat and human brain. Also included are enhanced representations of nervous system white matter tracts, ganglia, and nerves, and an enhanced series of 10 flatmaps showing different stages of rat brain development. The adult mouse and rat brain flatmaps provide layered diagrammatic representation of CNS divisions, according to their arrangement in corresponding reference atlases: Brain Maps 4.0 (BM4, rat) (Swanson, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2018, 526, 935–943), and the first version of the Allen Reference Atlas (mouse) (Dong, The Allen reference atlas, (book + CD‐ROM): A digital color brain atlas of the C57BL/6J male mouse, 2007). To facilitate comparative analysis, both flatmaps are scaled equally, and the divisional hierarchy of gray matter follows a topographic arrangement used in BM4. Also included with the mouse and rat brain flatmaps are cerebral cortex atlas level contours based on the reference atlases, and direct graphical and tabular comparison of regional parcellation. To encourage use of the brain flatmaps, they were designed and organized, with supporting reference tables, for ease‐of‐use and to be amenable to computational applications. We demonstrate how they can be adapted to represent novel parcellations resulting from experimental data, and we provide a proof‐of‐concept for how they could form the basis of a web‐based graphical data viewer and analysis platform. The mouse, rat, and human brain flatmap vector graphics files (Adobe Reader/Acrobat viewable and Adobe Illustrator editable) and supporting tables are provided open access; they constitute a broadly applicable neuroscience toolbox resource for researchers seeking to map and perform comparative analysis of brain data.
Assessing interpersonal skills—A comparison of trainee therapists' and students' interpersonal skills assessed with two established assessments for interpersonal skills
Authors: Wolfer Christine , Vîslă Andreea , Held Judith , Hilpert Peter , Flückiger Christoph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTherapist differences in psychotherapy outcomes have been consistently found. Therefore, therapists' characteristics such as interpersonal skills are of particular interest. Two assessments of interpersonal skills for the selection of trainees have recently been developed. To extend current knowledge, this study compares trainee therapist's and psychology student's interpersonal skills in both assessments simultaneously and also investigates the potential influence of clinical experience and age on interpersonal skills. Furthermore, the psychometric properties of these assessments are examined. A total of 19 trainee therapists and 17 undergraduate students (N = 36) participated in both assessments and provided information on their prior clinical experience. Trainee therapists had significantly better interpersonal skills than the students in both assessments. However, different indicators of clinical experience (e.g., years in practice, patients treated, and supervision) did not influence their performance in either assessment. The good psychometric properties of both assessments could be replicated. Conceptual and practical considerations on the assessment of interpersonal skills are discussed.
Mapping and confirmation of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) in soybean
Authors: Bazzer Sumandeep K. , Kaler Avjinder S. , King C. Andy , Ray Jeffery D. , Hwang Sadal , Purcell Larry C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInsufficient moisture availability often limits soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield. Carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) provides an integrated measure of water use efficiency in C3 plants due to its substantial genetic variance, high heritability, and small genotype × environment interaction (G × E). The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with δ13C using a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between ‘KS4895’ and ‘Jackson’. The field experiment was conducted in five environments to evaluate δ13C under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Analysis of variance of δ13C averaged over environment and irrigation treatment showed significant effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and G × E interactions. Heritability of δ13C in different environments and irrigation treatments ranged from 66 to 79%. Averaged over environments and irrigation treatments, heritability was 83%. A total of 24 QTLs associated with δ13C were identified and clustered in nine genomic regions on seven chromosomes. The QTL clusters on Gm05 (1), Gm06 (2) and Gm20 (1) were detected across different environments and irrigation regimes. Collectively, these four QTL clusters accounted for 55% of the phenotypic variation in δ13C. The QTLs on Gm06 and Gm20 also showed additive × additive epistasis that contributed approximately 4.2% to the total phenotypic variation. Several identified δ13C QTLs overlapped with QTLs associated with other physiological traits related to plant water status, biological nitrogen fixation, and plant morphology. The identified genomic regions may be an important resource in genomic selection studies to improve drought tolerance in soybean.
Nano–power‐integrated precision rectifiers for implantable medical devices
Authors: Alvarez Emilio , Arnaud Alfredo , Gak Joel , Miguez Matías 
Published: June 2020

SummaryTwo ultralow power CMOS full‐wave precision rectifiers aimed at analog signal processing in implantable medical devices are presented. The rectifiers require no diodes and utilize a single or two transconductors (operational transconductance amplifier [OTA]) as the active element, to reduce power consumption to a minimum. First, a voltage‐to‐current rectifier consuming only a 120‐nA supply current is presented and later is used to estimate the average AC amplitude of a piezoelectric accelerometer output (0.5–15‐Hz bandwidth) in an adaptive pacemaker. This rectifier is based on a linearized transconductor and a comparator to toggle the output current sign. Then, a novel voltage rectifier consuming less than 10 nA is presented based on a single nanopower OTA and a pass transistor and later is utilized in a pacemaker's cardiac sensing channel (60–200‐Hz bandwidth) circuit, incorporating the rectifier to detect positive and negative voltage signal spikes. Both rectifiers were designed in a 0.6‐μm CMOS technology, fabricated, and tested, and the measurement results closely fit the expected performance.