bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretically designed interventions for colorectal cancer prevention: A Case of the Health Belief Model
Authors: Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Ghaffari Mohtasham , Safari-Moradabadi Ali , Maghsoudloo Maryam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: According to the WHO, most chronic diseases, including cancer, can be prevented by identifying their risk factors such as unhealthy diet, smoking and physical inactivity. This study examined the effectiveness of educational interventions on colorectal cancer prevention-nutritional behaviors in staff and based on HBM. Methods: In this interventional study, 110 employees of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control) with cluster sampling. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing two parts of 10-dimensional information and health belief model constructs. The educational intervention was conducted for one month and in four sessions in the form of classroom lecture, pamphlet, educational text messages via mobile phones and educational pamphlets through the office automation system. Two groups were evaluated in two stages, pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software, analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and independent t-test (intergroup comparisons).Results: Two groups were evaluated for variables such as age, sex, education level and family history of colorectal cancer, and there was no significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). After the two months since intervention, except for the mean score of perceived barriers, which was not significant after intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and preventive behaviors were significantly increased after the intervention in the intervention group compared to the control group (P> 0.05).Conclusion: Implementation of educational intervention based on health belief model was effective for the personnel, and can enhance the preventative nutritional behaviors related to colorectal cancer.
Gender difference in the association between education and schizophrenia in Chinese adults
Authors: Luo Yanan , Pang Lihua , Zhao Yihao , Guo Chao , Zhang Lei , Zheng Xiaoying 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Improving education level was evidenced to decrease the risk of schizophrenia, but whether this strength of education role depends on gender is not. This study aimed to investigate whether there was gender difference in the association between education and schizophrenia in Chinese adults. Methods: Data were obtained from the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006, including 1,909,205 participants aged 18 years or older. Schizophrenia was ascertained according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Logistics regression models were fitted to examine the combined effect of gender and education on schizophrenia. Results: The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia in female groups was higher than in male groups, with 0.44% (95% CI : 0.42%- 0.45%) and 0.36% (95% CI : 0.35%- 0.37%), respectively. Compared with schizophrenia male patients, more females with schizophrenia experienced severe or extreme difficulty in understanding and communicating. However, more males with schizophrenia suffered from severe or extreme difficulty in the function of daily activities. The combined effect of education and schizophrenia was statistically significant, indicating that, as the level of education increased, schizophrenia risk of females decreased faster than the risk of males. Conclusions: This study showed that additional years of education associated with lower risk of schizophrenia, and this association was stronger in females than in males. As education elevated, the risk of schizophrenia decreased more for women than for men. The findings indicate that improving education level may have an effect on reducing the gender disparities in mental health of China. Actions to prevent schizophrenia and address its gender disparities will require attention to the improving educational opportunities.
Arsenic trioxide ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice by inducing CD4+ T cell apoptosis
Authors: An Ke , Xue Mengjiao , Zhong Jiaying , Yu Shengnan , Lan Tianshu , Qi Zhongquan , Xia Junjie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system characterized by severe white matter demyelination. Because of its complex pathogenesis, there is no definite cure for MS. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an ideal animal model for the study of MS. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an ancient Chinese medicine used for its therapeutic properties with several autoimmune diseases. It is also used to inhibit acute immune rejection due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. However, it is unclear whether ATO has a therapeutic effect on EAE, and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, we attempted to assess whether ATO could be used to ameliorate EAE in mice.Methods: ATO (0.5 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally to EAE mice 10 days post-immunization for 8 days. On day 22 post-immunization, the spinal cord, spleen, and blood were collected to analyze demyelination, inflammation, microglia activation, and the proportion of CD4+ T cells. In vitro, for mechanistic studies, CD4+ T cells were sorted from the spleen of naïve C57BL/6 mice and treated with ATO and then used for an apoptosis assay, JC-1 staining, imaging under a transmission electron microscope, and western blotting.Results: ATO delayed the onset of EAE and alleviated the severity of EAE in mice. Treatment with ATO also attenuated demyelination, alleviated inflammation, reduced microglia activation and decreased the expression levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in EAE mice. Moreover, the number and proportion of CD4+ T cells in the spinal cord, spleen, and peripheral blood were reduced in ATO-treated EAE mice. Finally, ATO induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the administration of ATO had no adverse effect on the heart, liver, or kidney function, nor did it induce apoptosis in the spinal cord.Conclusions: Overall, our findings indicated that ATO plays a protective role in the initiation and progression of EAE and has the potential to be a novel drug in the treatment of MS.
Prevalence of acute kidney injury and use of renal replacement therapy in intensive care unit patients in Indonesia
Authors: Jonny Jonny , Hasyim Moch , Angelia Vedora , Jahya Ayu Nursantisuryani , Hilman Lydia Permata , Kusumaningrum Venna Febrian , Srisa Nattachai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : Currently, there is limited epidemiology data on acute kidney injury (AKI) from Southeast Asia, especially from Indonesia which is one of the biggest countries in Southeast Asia. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of AKI and the utilization of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Indonesia. Methods : Demographic and clinical data were collected from 952 ICU participants. The participants were categorized into AKI and non-AKI groups. The participants were further classified according to the 3 different stages of AKI as per the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) criteria. We then assessed the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score of AKI and non-AKI participants. RRT modalities were listed according to the number of times the procedures were carried out. Results : Overall incidence of AKI was 43%. The participants were divided into three groups based on the AKI stages: 18.5 % had stage 1, 33% had stage 2, and 48.5 % had stage 3. The use of mechanical ventilation was higher among the participants with AKI compared to the non-AKI participants. Also, AKI participants had higher average APACHE score compared to the non-AKI participants (16.5 vs 9.9). Among the AKI participants, 24.6% required RRT. The most common RRT modalities were intermittent hemodialysis (69.4%), followed by slow low-efficiency dialysis (22.1%), continuous renal replacement therapy (4.2%), and peritoneal dialysis (1.1%). Conclusions : This study showed that AKI is a common problem in the Indonesian ICU and had a high mortality rate. We strongly believe that identification of the risk factors associated with AKI will help us to develop a predictability score for AKI so we can prevent and improve AKI outcome in the future.
Measurement of three-dimensional changes in lip vermilion in adult female patients after orthodontic extraction: a preliminary study
Authors: Shen Linhui , Xie Tian-yi , Jiang Ruo-ping , Chen Gui , Xu Tian-min , Han Bing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate three-dimensional (3D) morphological changes in the lip vermilion in adult females after orthodontic treatment for four-premolar extraction in patients with dentoalveolar protrusion using a structured light-based scanner.
Methods

Forty-two female subjects with protruding lips were recruited as the treatment group; these patients underwent extraction of the four first premolars (PM1) without mini-implants for anchorage control. A total of twenty female subjects were enrolled in the non-treatment group; these patients did not require orthodontic treatment. Six facial landmarks (Ls, Ll, R.Cu, L.Cu, R.Ch, L.Ch), three linear measurements (vermilion height, cupid’s bow width, mouth width), and three area measurements (upper, lower, and total vermilion area along the 3D surface of the lip vermilion) were measured using 3D facial scans. Superimposed color maps and spectra were constructed for visual analysis of morphological changes in the lip vermilion for qualitative evaluation. The spacial deviations of the three volumetric measurements (upper, lower, and total vermilion) were constructed for quantitative analysis.
Results

Vermilion height and cupid’s bow width decreased significantly and no significant change in mouth width was observed after extraction. The lower vermilion and total vermilion surface areas decreased significantly after orthodontic treatment in the extraction group, but the upper vermilion remained unchanged. Significant retractions were observed in vermilion volumetric measurements in the extraction group.
Conclusions

This study established a method to objectively and quantitatively compare the lip vermilion. Extraction of the four first premolars in adult females produced significant retraction in the lip vermilion. Morphological variation in the vermilion was different between the upper vermilion and the lower vermilion.
Potential metabolic monitoring indicators of suicide attempts in first episode and drug naive young patients with major depressive disorder:a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Ke , Zhou Siyao , Shi Xiang , Chen Jianjun , Zhang Yaoyao , Fan Kaili , Zhang Xiangyang , Wang Wei , Tang Wei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds: Major depressive disorder is an ordinary mental disorder, suicide and physical health deterioration are two major sequelae. Some studies indicate that metabolic levels are associated with suicide attempt. Previous studies have focused on the relationship between suicide attempts and metabolism in elderly patients with MDD, while ignore the young people. The aim of this study is to find the potential relationship between suicide attempts and metabolism in young MDD patients to find a promising way to effectively prevent and ultimately reduce suicide in young MDD patients.Methods: Cross-sectional design was employed in the study.740 patients aged between 18 and 45 years old with MDD had been consecutively recruited in this study, 128 of whom had suicide attempts. Their serum samples which used to monitor fasting blood glucose, serum lipids as well as socio-demographic characteristics were collected. Besides, some clinical scales were also employed to measure symptoms of anxiety, depression and other conditions.Results: This study indicated that compared with non-suicide attempters, suicide attempters in young patients with MDD showed higher levels of FBG, TC, LDL-C (all p <0.05) and lower levels of HDL-C(p<0.001). Further logistic regression analysis suggested that suicide attempts were associated with increased FBG with an odd ratio (OR) of 1.832, decreased HDL-C with an OR of 1.891 and obvious anxiety with an OR of 4.103.Conclusions: suicide attempts in young patients with MDD may be predicted by metabolic levels in the future. And our findings suggested that the level of FBG and HDL-C can be promising biomarkers to predict the occurrence of this event.
Oral PrEP: Is it only a pill to be swallowed: a qualitative study among female sex workers in India
Authors: Sahay Seema , Verma Archana , Shewale Suhas , Dhayarkar Sampada , Bijeshkumar Athokpam , Angolkar Mubashir , Subramanian Thilakavathi , Chandhiok Nomita 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Empowering female sex workers (FSWs) through women controlled HIV prevention option has been in focus globally. The success of targeted interventions among FSWs indicates that this population could become an important and feasible target for oral PrEP (Pre Exposure Prophylaxis). A qualitative study was conducted to study FSWs’ willingness to use oral PrEP in India.Methods In-depth interviews (n=39) and two focus group discussions (n=14) were conducted at 3 high HIV prevalence urban and rural sites in India among FSWs. Key informant interviews (n=34) were conducted with a bisexual man, 6 brothel keepers and 27 Health Care Providers (HCPs). The study explored issues around willingness to use oral PrEP. The study was approved by the respective institutional ethics committee of the study sites. Thematic analysis using the grounded theory approach was used to analyze the data in N-VIVO version 8.0. Results FSWs were willing to use daily oral PrEP and hoped to use it as an alternative to the male condom. One of the emerging themes showed that the situations of condom-less sex over which FSWs had no control. This made them desire oral PrEP which was easy to use and geared to provide independence, financial gains, and privacy. HCP initiated oral PrEP was not acceptable. However, HCPs pointed out safety monitoring needs. For FSWs, safety concerns pertained to their own physical/ aesthetic attributes and reproductive system in a major way. Adherence emerged as a challenge because of: 1) FSWs’ prevalent habit and need of alcohol use; 2) their notion of daily dosing being too mundane; 3) Stigma because Oral PrEP is ARV based. Alcohol use and dread of repetitive dose bring forth the need for long-acting oral PrEP. Conclusion Oral PrEP is acceptable among FSWs; it should be rolled out alongside strong messages on STI protection given the perceptions of FSWs that oral PrEP might replace condoms. Education about ARV-based oral PrEP needs to be spelled to prevent stigma. Adherence counseling should take cognizance of FSWs’ lifestyle, specifically making oral PrEP less of a mundane task.
Is body mass index associated with irregular menstruation: A questionnaire study?
Authors: Tang Yunhui , Chen Yan , Feng Hua , Zhu Chen , Tong Mancy , Chen Qi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Irregular menstrual cycles including the length of cycles and menses, and heavy menstrual blood loss are linked to many gynaecological diseases. Obesity has been reported to be associated with irregular menstrual cycles. However, to date, most studies investigating this association are focused on adolescence or university students. Whether this association is also seen in adult women, especially women who had a history of birth has not been fully investigated. Methods: Questionnaire data were collected from 1012 women aged 17 to 53 years. Data on age, weight and height, gravida, the length of menstrual cycles and menses, and the number of pads used during menses were collected. Factors associated with menstrual cycle according to BMI categories were analysed.Results: There were no differences in the length of menstrual cycles and menses in women of different body mass index (BMI) groups. However, there was a significant difference in menstrual blood loss in women of different BMI categories. The odds ratio of having heavy menstrual blood loss in obese women was 2.28 (95%CL: 1.244, 4.193), compared to women with normal weight, while there was no difference in the odds ratio of having heavy menstrual blood loss in overweight, compared to normal weight, women. In contrast, the odds ratio of having heavy menstrual blood loss in underweight women was 0.4034 (95%CL: 0.224, 0.725), compared to women with normal weight. Conclusion: Although BMI was not correlated with the length of menstrual cycle and menses, BMI is positively associated with menstrual blood loss. Our data suggest that BMI influences menstrual blood loss in women of reproductive age and weight control is important in women’s reproductive years.
Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version
Authors: Sharifnia Hamid , Behmanesh Fereshteh , Kwok Cannas , Firouzbakht Mojgan , Ebadi Abbas , Nikpour Maryam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Backgrand Cancer-related personal beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge can significantly determine cancer screening behaviors. Valid and reliable instruments are needed to assess such beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge. This study aimed to translate Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian women.Methods In this methodological study, the twelve-item Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire was translated into Persian and filled out by 1256 Iranian women. Sampling was purposively done from June 2017 to March 2018. Face, content, convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed for construct validity evaluation. Reliability was also evaluated through calculating Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, Average inter-item correlation, and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient and finally, composite reliability was estimated.Results Three factors were extracted in factor analysis which included screening attitude, screening knowledge and perception, and screening practice. These factors explained 55.71% of the total variance of breast cancer screening beliefs. This three-factor model was confirmed in confirmatory factor analysis based on model fit indices (PCFI = 0.703, PNFI = 0.697, CMIN/DF = 2.127, RMSEA = 0.30, GFI = 0.980, AGFI = 0.998, and CFI = 0.991). Convergent and discriminant validity were also confirmed. Composite reliability and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient were more than 0.7.Conclusion With a three-factor structure, the Persian Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability and hence, can be used to evaluate Iranian women’s breast cancer screening beliefs.
Diet and exercise as a management strategy for symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the views of women in the community with PCOS.
Authors: Arentz Susan , Smith Caroline A , Abbott Jason , Bensoussan Alan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The international clinical practice guidelines for PCOS emphasize diet and exercise as first-line management of clinical signs and symptoms. This study aimed to describe the patterns, perceptions and experiences of lifestyle interventions for women in the community with PCOS. Method An electronic survey of 493 members of two PCOS consumer support groups described women’s types and patterns of diet and exercise, experiences and perceptions of effectiveness. Women were recruited from the Polycystic Ovary Association of Australia (POSAA) and from the Facebook group, PCOS University Research Group. Associations between participants perceptions of effectiveness, and diet types and exercise patterns were assessed using logistic regression. Response bias for the POSAA group was assessed with a continuum of resistance model. Results 91% of POSAA members aged 16-50 years responded to the survey. Nearly all women reported adjusting their dietary and exercise practices with the aim to improve their health and/or PCOS (82% and 73% respectively), however less than 13% reported achievement of health goals (12.2% and 8.1% respectively). Low carbohydrate, high protein diets, and vigorous activity were associated with self-perceived effectiveness (r.0.16, p<0.01; r.0.15 p<0.01 and r.0.2 p<0.01 respectively). Barriers for lifestyle interventions included psychosocial factors. Response bias was not assessed for the Facebook group, however self-reported PCOS aligned with prevalence of clinical phenotypes and suggests results are generalizable to clinical populations of women with PCOS, who are responsible for self-directing and administering lifestyle interventions to manage their PCOS.Conclusions Perceptions of effectiveness for lifestyle interventions by women with PCOS may be complicated by a lack of rigorous evidence. The strength of recommendations in clinical practice guidelines may be enhanced by clinical trials investigating flexible and feasible lifestyle interventions for women in the community with PCOS.
Metabolic profiling of CSF from people suffering from Sporadic and LRRK2 Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study.
Authors: Yilmaz Ali , Ugur Zafer , Ustun Ilyas , Bahado-Singh Ray O. , Maddens Michael , Aasly Jan O. , Graham Stewart F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: CSF from unique groups of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients were biochemically profiled to identify previously unreported metabolic pathways linked to PD pathogenesis and novel biochemical biomarkers of the disease were characterized. Methods: Utilizing both 1H NMR and DI-LC-MS/MS we quantitatively profiled CSF from patients with sporadic PD (n=20), those who are genetically predisposed (LRRK2) to the disease (n=20) and compared them with age,- and gender-matched controls (n=20). Further, we systematically evaluated the utility of several machine learning techniques for the diagnosis of PD.Results: 1H NMR and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, in combination with bioinformatic analyses, provided useful information highlighting previously unreported biochemical pathways and CSF based biomarkers associated with both sporadic PD (sPD) and LRRK2 PD. Results of this metabolomics study further support our group’s previous findings identifying Bile Acid metabolism as one of the major aberrant biochemical pathways in PD patients.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a combination of two complimentary techniques can provide a much more holistic view of the CSF metabolome and by association, the brain metabolome. Future studies for the prediction of those at risk of developing PD should investigate the clinical utility of these CSF based biomarkers in more accessible biomatrices. Further, it is essential that we determine if the biochemical pathways highlighted here are recapitulated in the brain of PD patients with the aim of identifying potential therapeutic targets.