bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract PO-228: Trends in uterine cancer incidence and mortality in New York City
Authors: Balogun Onyinye 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
According to the American Cancer Society's 2020 Annual Report, uterine cancer continues to pose a serious threat to the lives of women in the United States, particularly among African-Americans. Nationally, the incidence of uterine cancers rose 1% per year from 2007 to 2016 among Caucasian women but it rose 2% each year among African-American women. Although the mortality rate increased by 2% per year from 2008 to 2017 for both African-American and Caucasian women, the survival rates are strikingly different. The 5-year relative survival rate is 84% for Caucasian women but drops to 62% for African-American women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the local trends in uterine cancer incidence and mortality among women in New York City. Methods: Publicly available data from the New York State Cancer Registry were analyzed. We evaluated uterine cancer incidence and mortality rates between 1976 to 2016 according to race and borough. Uterine cancer incidence and mortality rates according to Hispanic ethnicity were also evaluated from 2012-2016. Results: Between 1976 and 2016, the uterine cancer incidence rate increased from 24.1 cases per 100,000 women to 31 cases per 100,000 women among Caucasian women. During the same period, the uterine cancer incidence rate more than doubled from 16 cases per 100,000 women to 34.2 per 100,000 women among Black women. By 2010, the uterine cancer incidence rate among Black women had surpassed those of their Caucasian counterparts. From 2012 to 2016, uterine cancer incidence was lower for Hispanic women (24.2 per 100,000) compared to Black and Caucasian women. However, the mortality rate (5.1 per 100,000) for Hispanic women was comparable to that of Caucasian women (5.9 per 100,000) but nearly half of that for Black women (11.3 per 100,000). Between 1976 and 2016, uterine cancer incidence rates nearly doubled in the Bronx and Kings County. Uterine cancer mortality also nearly doubled in the Bronx over the past 4 decades. Conclusion: In New York City, uterine cancer mortality and incidence rates have risen sharply among Black women. The reasons for disparities among uterine cancer patients require further investigation. They may include access to healthcare, socioeconomic status, health literacy and genetic mutations.
Citation Format: Onyinye Balogun. Trends in uterine cancer incidence and mortality in New York City [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-228.
Abstract PO-236: Enhancing African American participation in biospecimens: A case in point for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Behar-Horenstein Linda , Warren Rueben C. , Setiawan V. Wendy , Perkins Corey M. , Schmittgen Thomas D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Diseases of the pancreas (i.e. chronic pancreatitis, diabetes and pancreatic cancer) disproportionally affect the African American community. Challenges associated with engaging the African American community in biospecimen research are longstanding. We surveyed a number of pancreas-related biobanks and data repositories for African American representation. While some of the biobanks and databases surveyed contain biospecimens and data from African American donors at levels that reflect minority representation among the general population, others do not. A number of factors have historically contributed to reduced participation of the African Americans community in biospecimen donation including medical mistrust, lack of transparency, fear and a poor knowledge and understanding about the use of biospecimens for research. Suggestions for increasing African American participation in organ and biospecimen donation include educational interventions, particularly in community groups, and providing printed and online recruitment materials to patients, patient advocates and care partners. Increasing awareness of the many benefits of biospecimen donation among African Americans will positively affect health disparities research into pancreatic cancer and other diseases.
Citation Format: Linda Behar-Horenstein, Rueben C. Warren, V. Wendy Setiawan, Corey M. Perkins, Thomas D. Schmittgen. Enhancing African American participation in biospecimens: A case in point for pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-236.
Abstract PO-264: Examining factors of adherence to low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screenings among high-risk patients
Authors: Erkmen Cherie P. , Lee Mark , Zhu Lin , Merceir Ra'Ann , Lin Timmy R. , Patterson Freda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans have reported a significant reduction in lung cancer mortality among high-risk patients. However, there are low adherence rates to annual LDCT screenings among patients who initially screen negative. This descriptive study seeks to understand the factors that influence adherence to annual screenings. Methods: A survey was conducted among patients with initial negative LDCT screenings from 2016-2019 at Temple University Hospital. Patients were between ages 55-80, have at least 30 pack-year smoking history, who are current smokers or quit within the past 15 years. Surveys assessed participants’ health literacy, beliefs, psychosocial factors, patient-provider relationship, and knowledge of lung cancer screenings. The outcome measure is adherence to LDCT, which is defined as following up with 15 months after initial screenings. These attributes were measured on various-point Likert scales. The Fagerstrom test was used to measure cigarette dependence and International Physical Activities Questionnaire was used to measure physical activity. Results: Bivariable analysis results indicate lung cancer screening knowledge varied across racial groups. Caucasians had the highest score of lung cancer knowledge followed by African Americans. Lung cancer screening knowledge also varied among education attainment levels. Those who graduated high school or have higher education had higher scores of lung cancer screening knowledge compared to those who did not graduate high school. Results also showed that participants who were cigarette dependent had a higher perceived risk of lung cancer. Overall, participants demonstrated a strong patient-provider relationship with an average score of 4.49 out of 5. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that factors such as low lung cancer screening knowledge, race, low perceived risk, and cigarette dependence may be factors that influence nonadherence to annual screenings. Furthermore, findings suggest that strong patient-provider relationship and shared decision making models may be the key to increasing annual adherence rates.
Citation Format: Cherie P. Erkmen, Mark Lee, Lin Zhu, Ra'Ann Merceir, Timmy R. Lin, Freda Patterson. Examining factors of adherence to low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screenings among high-risk patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-264.
Abstract PO-270: The validation and redevelopment of a risk prediction model identifying patients unlikely to complete a colonoscopy following an abnormal FIT test in community clinics
Authors: Petrik Amanda F. , Johnson Eric S. , Slaughter Matthew , Rawlings Andreea , Leo Michael , Thompson Jamie , Jimenez Ricardo , Coronado Gloria D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Fecal testing (FIT) is an effective screening tool for colorectal cancer. If a FIT is abnormal, a follow-up colonoscopy is necessary to remove polyps or find cancers. Predicting which patients may be at risk for failing to follow-up on an abnormal fecal test could help identify patients in need of early interventions aimed at completing a colonoscopy. Using predictive analytics to determine who is unlikely to follow-up will allow health systems to tailor interventions and outreach.
Understanding the application of predictive analytics across health systems is imperative to providing appropriate care to distinct patient populations. Early interventions could decrease the disease burden if colorectal cancer is found at earlier stages. Methods: We compare two models created in two different settings. The models were created from data from FQHC’s and Logistic and Cox regressions to validate and redevelop a risk prediction model among a retrospective dataset of patients with abnormal FIT results. Results: The initial FQHC risk model included eight variables including race, clinic system, prior no-shows, insurance, prior flu shots, age, indication of anti-coagulation use, and income inequality. However, the model did not validate in a large similar health system in the Pacific Northwest. Risk factors for colonoscopy varied by county, clinics, regions, and patient populations.
Inner and outer setting variables, like referral workflows and access to colonoscopy, contributed to the likelihood of a patient completing their screening. The second model retained most predictors except for anti-coagulation use, and included new predictors like language, homeless status, prior screenings, and a comorbidity index. Conclusions: Application of a risk model helps tailor interventions to help patients complete the continuum of screening for colorectal cancer. However, health systems differ, and precision medicine is best applied when risk is understood in context and interventions are tailored for specific populations predictors.
Citation Format: Amanda F. Petrik, Eric S. Johnson, Matthew Slaughter, Andreea Rawlings, Michael Leo, Jamie Thompson, Ricardo Jimenez, Gloria D. Coronado. The validation and redevelopment of a risk prediction model identifying patients unlikely to complete a colonoscopy following an abnormal FIT test in community clinics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-270.
Abstract PO-271: Does residential distance from a lung cancer screening facility predict baseline screening?
Authors: McIntire Russell K. , Butt Seif , Shusted Christine , Crittendon Denine , Ruane Brooke , Zeigler-Johnson Charnita , Juon Hee-Soon , Barta Julie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Previous studies identified important correlates of receiving low-dose computerized tomography (LDCT) among those referred to a lung cancer screening program in Philadelphia. However, studies have not considered whether distance from the screening site is a factor in whether eligible patients receive screening. In this study, we examine whether residential distance to the screening facility predicts receipt of baseline LDCT among eligible patients referred to the Jefferson Lung Cancer Screening Program (JLCSP), after controlling for covariates. Methods. We retrospectively selected eligible patients referred to JLCSP between 1/1/18 and 8/31/18 (N=399). We geocoded each patients’ address using ArcGIS 10.3. We used ArcGIS Network Analysis to identify the distance from each patients’ residence to the screening facility in downtown Philadelphia. We used bivariate statistical tests (chi- square, t-tests) and multivariable logistic regression to identify correlations between individual-level patient characteristics, including distance to facility, and receipt of baseline screening. Results. Residential distance to facility was not related to receipt of baseline LDCT screening, when we treated distance as a continuous variable.
When we treated distance as categorical by quartiles, residents living in the second quartile (2.41-3.25 miles) had lower odds of receiving LDCT compared to those in the closest quartile (AOR=0.55; CI=0.30-0.99). Other correlates of receiving LDCT screening were younger age, and being a former smoker (compared to current smokers). Conclusion. Individuals that lived 2.41-3.25 miles from the screening facility had lower odds of receiving LDCT compared to those that lived closest to the facility. This relationship may be the result of inadequate public transportation, or may reflect neighborhood poverty and resource inequities in Philadelphia neighborhoods. Our study did not collect patient income data, which could confound this relationship. More research is necessary to identify the extent to which distance from screening facilities serves as a barrier for receipt of LDCT services in order to reduce this barrier and improve screening adherence.
Citation Format: Russell K. McIntire, Seif Butt, Christine Shusted, Denine Crittendon, Brooke Ruane, Charnita Zeigler-Johnson, Hee-Soon Juon, Julie Barta. Does residential distance from a lung cancer screening facility predict baseline screening? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-271.
Abstract PR18: The immune landscape of prostate cancer in African-American patients is skewed towards inhibitory signatures relative to Caucasian-American patients
Authors: Schultz Andrew , Noyes David , Bag Arup , Adeegbe Dennis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prostate Cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the United States. Within the general population, African-Americans who constitute a minority group suffer a higher burden of the disease compared to other racial groups. Given that immune cells recruited to the tumor micro-environment shape tumor behavior, an outstanding issue is whether the immunological landscape of prostate cancer in African-American patients is a contributory factor to disease disparity seen in this minority patient population. In this regard, the present study sought to investigate whether prostate cancer in African-American men harbor distinctive immunological features compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Fresh prostate cancer specimens were obtained from consented African-American and Caucasian patients after prostatectomy. Gleason scores were comparable between the two demographics with an average score of 7 for African-American patients and 7.5 for Caucasian patients. We analyzed both tumor and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells from each patient using comprehensive, multi-parameter flow cytometry. We found that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in African-American prostate cancer displayed upregulated expression of a number of inhibitory proteins that restrain T cell response. These cells also expressed reduced levels of co-stimulatory receptors and a less activated phenotype compared to equivalent cells in the tumors of Caucasian patients. Furthermore, analysis of serum from patients in each demographic revealed an enrichment of cytokines skewed towards immunosuppressive profile which may support reduced immune cell function against tumor-associated antigens. These findings suggest that the immunological profile of prostate cancer in African-American men harbors intrinsic signatures that may contribute to muting of potential anti-tumor responses in this patient demographic, enabling tumor immune evasion to support aggressive tumor growth and progression. Collectively, our data is in support of the contributory role of immunological factors to disease behavior and associated disparity in African-American prostate cancer patients.
Citation Format: Andrew Schultz, David Noyes, Arup Bag, Dennis Adeegbe. The immune landscape of prostate cancer in African-American patients is skewed towards inhibitory signatures relative to Caucasian-American patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PR18.
Abstract IA04: COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers in New York City
Authors: Luo Jia , Rizvi Hira , Preeshagul Isabel R. , Egger Jacklynn V. , Hoyos David , Bandlamudi Chaitanya , Donoghue Mark T.A. , Łuksza Marta , Greenbaum Benjamin D. , Wolchok Jedd D. , Kris Mark G. , Hellmann Matthew D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients with lung cancers may have distinct vulnerability to severe COVID-19. Understanding the patient-specific and cancer-specific features that impact severity of COVID-19 may inform optimal cancer care during this pandemic. A key question is whether PD-1 blockade therapy impacts COVID-19 severity.
Methods: We identified consecutive patients with lung cancer and a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test seen at a single cancer center in New York City. We performed detailed manual review of the disease course, medical and oncologic history. COVID-19 severity outcomes were predefined, including need for hospitalization, ICU/intubation/transition to DNI-status, or death. We examined clinical features associated with severity using single and multivariable analyses. Regarding the impact of PD-1 blockade, we prespecified several bio-plausible comparisons of PD-1 exposure. HLA alleles were inferred from NGS and compared to controls with lung cancer and no known COVID-19.
Results: We identified 102 patients with lung cancers and a SARS-CoV-2 positive swab between March 12, 2020 and May 6, 2020. Patients were followed until May 11, 2020. COVID-19 was severe in patients with lung cancers (62% hospitalized, 25% died), but accounted for only 11% of deaths among patients with lung cancer during the pandemic. Determinants of COVID-19 severity were largely patient specific, including smoking status and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cancer-specific features, including prior thoracic surgery/radiation and recent systemic therapies, did not impact severity. Likelihood of severe COVID-19 was generally similar across HLA class I supertypes. We found no significant differences in the impact of PD-1 blockade on COVID-19 severity. Modest numerical increases in severity of COVID-19 associated with prior PD-1 blockade were diminished (Odds ratio 0.86-1.01) after adjusting for expected imbalances in prior smoking history. Most patients recovered from COVID-19, including 25% of patients initially requiring intubation.
Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with a high burden of severity in patients with lung cancers. Patient-specific features, rather than cancer-specific features or treatments, were the greatest determinants of severity. In particular, PD-1 blockade did not appear to impact severity of COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers.
Citation Format: Jia Luo, Hira Rizvi, Isabel R. Preeshagul, Jacklynn V. Egger, David Hoyos, Chaitanya Bandlamudi, Mark T.A. Donoghue, Marta Łuksza, Benjamin D. Greenbaum, Jedd D. Wolchok, Mark G. Kris, Matthew D. Hellmann. COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers in New York City [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr IA04.
Abstract IA17: Ethics, cancer, and COVID
Authors: Caplan Arthur 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This talk will review (1) the impact of the covid-19 outbreak on treating cancer patients who were infected with the virus with unapproved and off-label agents under a philosophy of compassionate use including disclosure of conflicts of interest; (2) the ethics of withholding diagnosis and treatment from patients with cancer or who might have acquired cancer in the USA once social isolation, quarantines, and restriction of “nonessential” services began; (3) decisions about how to define “essential” services during the onset of the pandemic in severely impacted areas of the U.S.; (4) the management of those who died during the pandemic as lessons for future clinical care of cancer patients; (5) decisions about how to decide how much risk to permit those involved in clinical care for cancer or for reassigned duties to assume during an ongoing pandemic; and (6) how to prioritize future cancer research as the viral outbreak continues and resources remain restricted.
Citation Format: Arthur Caplan. Ethics, cancer, and COVID [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr IA17.