bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costa Rica: La democracia de las razones débiles (y los pasajes ocultos). Manuel Antonio Solís Avendaño. San José, Costa Rica: EUCR, 2018
Authors: Arroyo Gutiérrez José Manuel 
Published: September 2020

El libro que se reseña es el resultado, en primer lugar y por supuesto, del destacado aporte investigativo de su autor, el profesor Manuel Antonio Solís Avendaño, quien, con el patrocinio de la Universidad de Costa Rica, a través del Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, y de la EUCR, quienes propiciaron la edición y divulgación de los resultados de este trabajo intelectual, del más alto nivel, constituye un aporte histórico muy importante para nuestra sociedad.
Gran Marcha Nacional por la paz y la solidaridad en Costa Rica
Authors: Sandoval García Carlos 
Published: September 2020

El Colectivo de Bienestar y Migraciones, integrado por alrededor de 12 organizaciones que trabajan con personas migrantes y refugiadas, convocamos a una marcha por la paz y la solidaridad el día sábado 25 de agosto. Unas 4000 personas salimos de la Universidad de Costa Rica y del Parque de La Merced y llegamos a la Plaza de la Democracia. El odio y el miedo le temen a la alegría, por eso esta marcha se vistió de fiesta, música y baile. Zancos, mantas, pasacalles, comparsas, cantautores le dieron vida a la paz y a la solidaridad. Patricia Mora, profesora universitaria, cofundadora del partido Frente Amplio, exdiputada de la República y en la actualidad Ministra de Condición de la Mujer, compartió unas palabras en este esfuerzo y encuentro colectivo. Las transcribimos a continuación.
DESIGUALDAD DEL INGRESO Y SU IMPACTO EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO POR ENTIDAD FEDERATIVA EN MÉXICO
Authors: Rendón-Morquecho Janinne , Marroquín-Arreola Juan 
Published: September 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el efecto de la desigualdad del ingreso en el crecimiento económico por entidad federativa en México. Para esto se realiza una breve revisión de literatura, un análisis descriptivo de las variables empleadas y se aplica un modelo econométrico de datos panel. Se utilizan variables como el Producto Interno Bruto per cápita, la matrícula escolar, la formación bruta de capital fijo y el coeficiente de Gini por entidad federativa. Los resultados del modelo indican que el incremento de la desigualdad genera un impacto negativo en el crecimiento económico.
EL EXCESO COMERCIAL COMO CAUSA DE LA CRISIS DEL MUNDO GLOBAL EN LAS DEPRESIONES DE 1929 Y 2008. LA SITUACIÓN DE ESPAÑA
Authors: Aranda Prieto Javier 
Published: September 2020

Las crisis de los años 1929 y 2008, aunque alejadas en el tiempo, coinciden en que ambas pusieron en duda el mundo económico global. En el marco temporal de la crisis económica del 2008, el objetivo de este artículo es entender que esta depresión global se origina en el exceso del volumen comercial provocado por una aceleración continua de la producción. Esto causó un exceso de producción acumulado en los almacenes de las empresas, lo cual indujo a la inestabilidad de la red empresarial en las diferentes naciones como sucedió en países como España. En el caos social causado por el exceso, las empresas apostaron por una serie de políticas conservadoras como el recorte salarial y los despidos masivos que provocaron el endeudamiento crónico de las economías domésticas. Como conclusión, el paulatino crecimiento de la oferta comercial ha configurado un mundo financiero interconectado a través de la desigualdad social desde el empobrecimiento del negocio local en beneficio de las multinacionales. Esto ha fracturado la sociedad global, y por consiguiente, aumentado la incertidumbre de un mundo globalizado muy inestable.
Strategi Pendidikan Dalam Tembang Lir-Ilir Sunan Kalijaga Sebagai Media Dakwah Kultural
Authors: Mulyono Mulyono 
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji strategi pendidikan dalam Tembang Lir-Ilir Sunan Kalijaga sebagai media dakwah kultural. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan teknik analisis isi (content analisys), maka hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan berikut: Pertama, Sunan Kalijaga menciptakan Tembang Lir-Ilir diperkirakan pada akhir abad 15 M. Kedua, Tembang Lir-Ilir memiliki kandungan bahasa simbolik dan konotatif, terdiri dari 53 kata, 5 kata yang bereduplikasi (pengulangan), 9 makna simbol natural (realitas alam), 3 blank simbol, dan 31 makna konotasi (memiliki makna rasa). Ketiga, strategi pendidikan yang sekaligus sebagai media dakwah kultural dalam Tembang Lir-Ilir, yaitu: 1) Dengan pendekatan kultural, Sunan Kalijaga mengajak masyarakat untuk memeluk Islam sebagai agama baru yang datang ke tanah Jawa sekitar abad 13-15 M.; 2) Secara persuasif, Sunan Kalijaga menyadarkan masyarakat untuk memeluk Islam dengan melaksanakan rukun Islam yang lima seraya meninggalkan segala keyakinan dan perbuatan yang dilarang Islam; 3) Dengan metafora buah blimbing, Sunan Kalijaga menyakinkan masyarakat bahwa barangsiapa yang taat menjalankan perintah Islam, kelak mendapatkan ketentraman dan kebahagiaan hidup di dunia dan di akhirat. Keempat, para juru dakwah dalam berbagai event menggunakan Tembang Lir-Ilir sebagai media dakwah berbasis kultural yang tetap populer di era millineal.
The purpose of this study is to examine the educational strategy in the Tembang Lir-Ilir of Sunan Kalijaga as a cultural propaganda media. By using library research methods and content analysis techniques, the results of this study can be concluded as follows: First, Sunan Kalijaga created the Lir-Ilir Song estimated at the end of the 15th century AD. Second, the Lir-Ilir Song had content symbolic and connotative language, consisting of 53 words, 5 duplicated words (repetition), 9 natural symbol meanings (natural reality), 3 blank symbols, and 31 connotation meanings (having sense meanings). Third, the education strategy as well as a cultural propaganda media in the Lir-Ilir Song, namely: 1) With a cultural approach, Sunan Kalijaga invites people to embrace Islam as a new religion that came to Java around the 13-15 century AD; 2) Persuasively, Sunan Kalijaga made people aware of Islam by carrying out the five pillars of Islam while abandoning all beliefs and deeds prohibited by Islam; 3) With the metaphor of Blimbing fruit, Sunan Kalijaga assures people that whoever obeys the commands of Islam, will find peace and happiness in living in this world and the hereafter. Fourth, missionary preachers in various events use Tembang Lir-Ilir as a cultural-based propaganda media that remains popular in the millennial era.
Kebijakan Pimpinan Dalam Pengembangan Kelembagaan Pesantren
Authors: Imad Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

Kebijakan merupakan garis pedoman untuk bertindak atau mengaplikasikan suatu strategi untuk mendapatkan suatu tujuan tertentu dari sebuah lembaga atau organisasi. Pondok Pesantren Al-Basyariyah merupakan suatu lembaga yang mencoba menerapkan sebuah kebijakan dalam upaya pengembangan lembaga pendidikan islam yang dipimpinnya. Hal ini tentunya merupakan suatu wujud kepekaan dan kepedulian terhadap berbagai perkembangan realitas sosial yang seringkali mendatangkan berbagai dampak dalam setiap sisi kehidupan termasuk dalam dunia pendidikan pondok pesantren.Salah satu segi kehidupan organisasional yang amat penting untuk selalu mendapat perhatian pimpinan puncak suatu organisasi adalah menyesuaikan kemampuan organisasi yang dipimpinnya dengan perubahan-perubahan kondisi lingkungan yang pasti selalu terjadi. Untuk dapat menampung akibat dari segala perubahan yang selalu terjadi itu, manajer puncak mutlak perlu mengambil suatu langkah strategis guna mengantisipasi dari dampak perubahan tersebut -positif atau negatif- terhadap keberlangsungan hidup organisasi yang bersangkutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perencanaan pengembangan kelembagaan yang dilaksanakan sebagai suatu kebijakan pimpinan Pondok Pesantren Al-Basyariyah dan langkah-langkah pengembangan kelembagaan yang ditempuh di Pondok Pesantren Al-Basyariyah.
Policy is a guideline for acting or applying a strategy to get a specific goal from an institution or organization. Al-Basyariyah Islamic boarding school is an institution that tries to implement a policy in the development of the Islamic education institution it leads. This is certainly a form of sensitivity and concern for various developments in social reality which often have various impacts in every aspect of life, including in the world of Islamic boarding school education.One aspect of organizational life that is very important to always get the attention of the top leadership of an organization is to adjust the ability of the organization they lead to changes in environmental conditions that are sure to always occur. To be able to accommodate the consequences of all the changes that always occur, top managers absolutely need to take a strategic step in anticipating the impact of these changes - positive or negative - on the survival of theorganization concerned.The purpose of this study is to determine the institutional development planning implemented as a policy for the leadership of the Al-Basyariyah Islamic Boarding School and the institutional development steps taken at the Al-Basyariyah Islamic Boarding School.
Strategi KBIH Dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Prima Terhadap Calon Jemaah Haji Tahun 2016
Authors: Latifah Lilis , Zulkarnaen Fisher , Herman Arif 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang: konsep strategi pelayanan yang di lakukakan di KBIH LHM, dan implementasi dan evaluasi strategi pelayanan yang dilakukan oleh KBIH LHM. Metode yang dilakukan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara langsung dengan pihak dalam KBIH yang memiliki kompetensi dalam bidang-bidang yang penulis teliti, studi dokumentasi berupa laporan catatan dan dokumen-dokumen lainnya yang relevan. Hasil data peneliti menunjukan bahwa pertama, konsep strategi yang dilakukan LHM yaitu memberikan pelayanan program bimbingan haji baik di tanah air maupun di tanah suci. Kedua, implementasi strategi pelayanan yang dilakukan LHM yaitu dari mulai persiapan sampai pemulangan haji. Ketiga, evaluasi strategi pelayanan yang dilakukan LHM sudah termasuk kepada excelent service karena dapat memuaskan semua pelanggannya.
This study aims to find out about: the concept of service strategies implemented in KBIH LHM, and implementation and evaluation of service strategies carried out by KBIH LHM. The method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The research was conducted through observation, direct interviews with parties within the KBIH who have competence in the fields the author is researching, documentation studies in the form of notes reports and other relevant documents. The results of the research data show that first, the concept of strategy carried out by LHM is to provide Hajj guidance program services both in the homeland and in the holy land. Second, the implementation of the service strategy carried out by LHM, starting from the preparation to the return of the hajj. Third, the evaluation of service strategies carried out by LHM includes excellent service because it can satisfy all its customers.
Effects of bacterial PHBV-conduit used for nerve regeneration on oxidative stress parameters in rats
Authors: EROL DEMİRBİLEK Melike , DEMİRBİLEK Murat , ERDAL Ebru , SAKAR Mustafa , BOZKURT Gökhan 
Published: September 2020

Due to lack of self-repair mechanism in neuronal tissue, biomaterials have been widely studied to regenerate damaged nerve tissue. Despite having advantages, nano materials may cause oxidative stress and this could affect the treatment. In the present study, whether PHBV [poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)] used for axonal regeneration could lead to lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation in rats or not and also its effects on antioxidant molecules was explored. In the study, PHBV nanofiber membranes were formed by electrospinning and conduits were formed by using the nanofiber membrane. After the formation of a 1 cm gap in the rat peritoneal nerves, PHBV conduits were placed. Animals were sacrificed at 17th week after the operations. Malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of livers, as well as surrounding tissues of conduits (muscles) and serums were measured. Compared to control groups, MDA, AOPP and GSH levels and SOD activites in all graft group serums showed a significant increase, while only MDA and AOPP levels in tissues were statistically higher. Therefore, these findings suggest that PHBV nerve graft used for sciatic nerve defects may lead to oxidative stress in rats.
ECONOMÍA SOCIAL Y SOLIDARIA EN LA REGIÓN SOACHA - SIBATÉ
Authors: Bonilla Castillo Victor Enrique , Díaz Mahecha Jaiber Ricardo 
Published: September 2020

<div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX9 SCXW201385831"><p class="Paragraph SCXW201385831 BCX9"><span class="TextRun SCXW201385831 BCX9" lang="ES-ES" xml:lang="ES-ES" data-contrast="none">El trabajo de investigación va enfocado a la pertinencia de la aplicabilidad de la economía solidaria en la región Soacha-</span><span class="TextRun SCXW201385831 BCX9" lang="ES-ES" xml:lang="ES-ES" data-contrast="none">Sibaté</span><span class="TextRun SCXW201385831 BCX9" lang="ES-ES" xml:lang="ES-ES" data-contrast="none">, se destaca la parte epistemológica con aportes tanto teóricos como empíricos de autores de diferentes nacionalidades y a su vez se evalúan los resultados de las implementaciones del modelo de economía social y solidaria en algunos países, para lograr una economía incluyente, equitativa y participativa.</span><span class="EOP SCXW201385831 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:720}"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr BCX9 SCXW201385831"><p class="Paragraph SCXW201385831 BCX9"><span class="TextRun SCXW201385831 BCX9" lang="ES-ES" xml:lang="ES-ES" data-contrast="none">Se desea dar a conocer los resultados epistémicos y teóricos que por el momento se han encontrado, posteriormente los empíricos, tanto a la población local, posteriormente a la población nacional y aportar al conocimiento</span><span class="TextRun SCXW201385831 BCX9" lang="ES-ES" xml:lang="ES-ES" data-contrast="none"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201385831 BCX9"> </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW201385831 BCX9" lang="ES-ES" xml:lang="ES-ES" data-contrast="none">regional e internacional sobre una sociedad en la que la prioridad sea entre el sujeto y la armonía con el medio ambiente, generando estrategias con enfoque a lograr la sinergia del ser humano y los recursos naturales, a través de manifestaciones que reconozcas la economía social solidaria como una de las bases del bienestar general de sus habitantes. Claro que también se deben analizar los factores que han hecho que en algunos países la aplicabilidad y los resultados de dicha economía, haya sido muy baja o nula, para evitar los fallos e intentar corregirlos y mejorar las oportunidades obteniendo maximización de sus resultados.</span><span class="EOP SCXW201385831 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:720}"> </span></p></div>
Evaluation of age-related distribution of measles cases with primary and secondary immune response in Russian Federation, 2010-2016
Authors: Mamaeva T. A. , Zheleznova N. V. , Bichurina M. A. , Naumova M. A. , Govoruhina M. V. , Toptygina A. P. 
Published: September 2020

In 2010—2016, blood serum samples were examined from 5539 patients, aged 1—60 years, with clinically and laboratory confirmed measles. Primary or secondary type of immune response was determined for all measles cases. Studies were performed with children aged 1—14 years (2381), adolescents, 15—17 years old (189), and adults aged 18—60 years (2969). Serum measles-specific IgM antibodies were measured by “VektoKor’ IgM” ELISA test system (Russia), concentration and avidity of specific IgG — by using “Anti-Measles Viruses ELISA/IgG” and “Avidity: Anti-Measles Viruses ELISA/ IgG” (Euroimmun, Germany). Primary immune response was identified based on the presence of serum measles-specific low avidity IgM and IgG antibodies, whereas secondary immune response was characterized by detecting high avidity IgM and IgG antibodies at concentration of ≥ 5.0 IU/ml. Analyzing measles-specific IgM antibodies in 2010—2016 demonstrated that measles morbidity was mainly due to children, aged 1—2 years reaching up to 39.9% of the total number of children with measles aged 1—14 years as well as adults aged 18—40 years old comprising as high as 80.1% total number of patients aged 15—60 years. Serum measles-specific IgG testing showed that in 15.0% of cases they were detected at concentration of ≥ 5.0 IU/ml. Further serum dilution resulted in finding IgG titer ranging within 8.5—45.0 IU/ml (21.4+0.36) and high avidity antibodies in 80—100% (92.5+0.2) cases. The remaining 85.0% cases found low avidity measles-specific IgG antibodies ( 30%) at concentration of 0.2—3.46 IU/ml (1.73+0.03). An age-related analysis of our data demonstrated that all children under 14 with laboratory-confirmed measles developed primary immune response. Moreover, in 73.7% of measles patients aged 15—60 with primary immune response measles might be prevented by timely vaccination, whereas persons with “vaccine failure” comprised 26.3%. In 2010 (0.09 per 100,000 subjects) and 2016 (0.12 per 100,000 subjects), frequency of patients with “vaccine failure” during relative epidemic well-being was 35.3% and 18.2%, respectively, exceeding 9.9% (p 0.001) serving as a hallmark 2014 high measles incidence rate (3.24 per 100,000 subjects).The data obtained indicate that measles virus circulate among people with “vaccine failure,” which may account for potential to spread and infect unprotected population cohorts as well as cause measles outbreaks during periods of epidemic well-being.
Transpedicular endoscopic removal of highly migrated disc herniations of lumbar spine
Authors: Basankin I. V. , Porkhanov V. A. , Takhmazyan K. K. , Giulzatyan A. A. , Malakhov S. B. , Kalugin L. Yu. , Tomina M. I. , Shapovalov V. K. 
Published: September 2020

Background. Highly migrated disc herniations are usually localized in the area of pars interarticularis medially to the vertebral pedicle. Removal of disk herniations of this localization is a difficult technical task.The study objective is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the transpedicular endoscopic discectomy in the treatment of patients with highly migrated disc herniations.Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 12 patients with Macnab zone herniations who were in hospital from 2016 to 2018 were analyzed. All patients underwent transpedicular endoscopic sequestrectomy.Results. Leg pain after surgery regressed in all patients from the initial 7.41 points (visual-analog scale) to 0.67 points by the end of the 1st day, and it was 0.35 points a year later. The average level of back pain by VAS before surgery was 5.25, on the 1st day after surgery – 1.25 points, 1 year after – 0.67 points. Neurological disorders completely regressed in 10 (91.6 %) patients, there were a slight residual L4 dermatome hypesthesia in 2 patients, without disrupting their quality of life. The average Oswestry Disability Index before surgery was 69.17, and 1 year after surgery was 14.12. There were no complications and reoperations.Conclusion. Transpedicular endoscopic discectomy allowed us to achieve good treatment results in patients with migration of a lumbar hernia by the pedicle. It can be a safe and effective alternative to the transforaminal or interlaminar endoscopic technique.
Prediction of Crack Porosity from Other Easily Soil Properties Using Ridge Regression Analysis
Authors: Khurshid Shadan 
Published: September 2020

The development of accurate, easy, and low-cost method to determine soil cracks porosity (SCP) is important in the evaluation of ecosystem to manage the hydrological, erosional, and geochemical cycles. Indeed, these procedures are cumbersome, time-and energy-consuming, and costly. Accordingly, intensive efforts are being made to formulate a high-performance model to estimate SCP. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have often been developed using multiple linear regression models with no distinction about their involvement in multicollinearity. The paper was focused on ridge regression (RR) to overcome multicollinearity problems via regularizing the regression coefficients by imposing a penalty on their magnitudes. In the application of RR,choosing the ridge parameter (k) is important to control the amount of shrinkage of the regression coefficients. A total of 61 soil samples were analyzed from different land uses (forest, cropland, and pasture) inIraqi Kurdistan Region. Eighty-two percent of the soil sampleswere selected as the training set, and the rest of 11 soil samples (18%) were used as the testing set. Threemethods of modeling regression (simple linear regression SLR, multiple linear regression MLR, and ridge regression RR) were used to formulate accurate PTFs for predicting SCP. The results clearly showed multicollinearity problem (wrong sing and value of regression coefficient) in SMR and the most of MLR; therefore,they are not recommended to be used in predicting SCP. Soil crack porosity was positively correlated with each of clay (C), liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), and percent of shrinkage limit (PLS). While, the most influential variable for predicting SCP is liquid limit (RMSE=126.194 cm2 m-2; adj.R2=0.884). The best model (RMSE=122.786 cm2 m-2, adj. R2=0.891) to predict SCP among all the models is formulated by RR technique when k=0.31395 which gave the lowest intercept value with very low VIF (0.582).
Prevalence of dermatophytosis among Suse federal prison inmates using conventional identification methods and PCR-RFLP typing
Authors: Mohammed Saman , Al-Jaff Bahrouz 
Published: September 2020

Dermatophytosis is a common skin infection especially in closed area with high temperature and humidity. Prisons are considered as closed areas especially for long times existed inmates in addition to some risk factors that may increase dermatophytosis. To investigate the prevalence and the risk factors of dermatophytosis in Suse federal prison for men at Sulaimani, northern Iraq, a total of 1620 inmates were clinically screened. Clinically suspected dermatophytosis by specialists were 139 (8.5%), they distributed on 102 (73%) Tinea pedis, 18 (12%) Tinea cruris, 14 (10%) Tinea corporis, 4 (3%) Onychomycosis, and 1 (0.7%) tinea mannum. By microscopical, cultural and PCR-RFLP typing procedures 50 cases were confirmed that distributed on 25 (50%) tinea pedis, 15 (30%) tinea cruris, 9 (18%) tinea corporis and 1 (2%) onychomycosis. The causative agents were Trichophyton rubrum 16 (32%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton interdigitale 14 (28%) for each, Epidermophyton floccosum 4 (8%) and Trichophyton schoenleinii 2 (4%). Trichophyton interdigitale was the most frequently isolated from tinea pedis (40%), Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes from tinea corporis (33% for each) and Trichophyton rubrum from onychomycosis and tinea cruris (%100 and 40% respectively). Antifungal administration and frequency of bathing were with significant effect on identification of the causative agent by direct KOH test (P= 0.000 and P= 0.026 respectively) and on its recovery by culture method (P= 0.000 and P= 0.016 respectively). The non-significant risk factors were age (P= 0.07), education level (P= 0.82), smoking (P= 0.61), and duration of imprison (P= 0.557). KOH exam was fast and cheap but it is less specific and sensitive. Culture method of identification is essential to identify species of dermatophytes, but it was time consuming and with problems related with confusion in dissemination between species morphologically that could be avoided by PCR-RFLP method which we consider it as a golden method for identification in spite of its high cost but it is with less time, correct identification, and highest sensitivity.