bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and socio-demographic correlates of coping strategies in relatives of schizophrenic patients
Authors: Magliano L , Veltro F , Guarneri M , Marasco C 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe study aimed to describe coping strategies in a sample of key-relatives of schizophrenic patients, and to explore their relationships with the following variables: patients' and key-relatives' socio-demographic characteristics; patients' and key-relatives' clinical status; and key-relatives' subjective burden. Significant correlations were found between the scores on coercion items and those on Present State Examination (PSE-9) factors “disorganized syndrome” and “psychomotor poverty syndrome”. A long duration of illness was found to be associated with relatives' strategies characterized by positive communication and patient's social involvement. Coercion, avoidance and resignation coping strategies were significantly associated with the occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients' key-relatives.
Assessment of gestational age based on ultrasonic femur length after the first trimester: a simple mathematical correlation between gestational age (GA) and femur length (FL)
Authors: Honarvar M. , Allahyari M. , Dehbashi S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The ultrasonic measurement of the fetal femur length is a sensitive and precise variable for estimation of fetal growth and development. The objective of this study was to predict gestational age in fetuses more than 13 weeks of gestation by ultrasound measurement of the femur length. Method: In this study, pregnant mothers were identified by the criteria of normalities such as: well‐known LMP, regular menstrual cycles, no use of OCP for the last 3 months, no smoking, no history of diabetes, etc. Result: The relation between gestational age and fetal femur length has been determined by cross‐sectional analysis of 900 normal fetuses (≥14 weeks of gestation) using real time ultrasonography. Mathematical modeling of the data has demonstrated that the femur growth curve is non‐linear beyond 13 weeks of gestation. With the aid of a scientific calculator the data were analyzed and a simple second grade equation has been derived: GA (weeks)=0.2622 FL (cm)+2 FL+11.5, S.D.∼±5 days (Honarvar's Formula 3). With the use of this data, the error in the estimation of GA given as FL is ±5days. Conclusion: This simple, new and accurate equation appears to be clinically reliable and easy to use and suggests that previous normal ultrasonic fetal femur length curves for another population may under‐ or overestimate normal fetal age for the Iranian population. Thus, our formula is an excellent means of estimating true gestational age.
Fetal fibronectin as a predictor of preterm delivery in twin gestations
Authors: Oliveira T , de Souza E , Mariani‐Neto C , Camano L 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To evaluate fetal fibronectin as a predictor of premature delivery in twin pregnancies. Method: Cervicovaginal secretions were obtained from 52 pregnant women with twin pregnancies between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. The secretions were analyzed to detect the presence of fetal fibronectin by immediate‐reading membrane test. The correlation between the presence of fetal fibronectin and preterm birth was evaluated. In addition, cervical dilatation and effacement were evaluated with each sampling. Result: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value to predict preterm delivery were 89.3, 50.0, 67.6, and 80.0%, respectively. A positive fetal fibronectin result was associated with a relative risk (RR) for preterm birth of 3.4 (95% CI, 1.2–9.5). A positive fetal fibronectin test associated with cervical dilatation or effacement increased the RR for preterm birth to 4.3 and 7.7, respectively, when compared with those with negative test and without cervical dilatation and effacement. Conclusion: Fetal fibronectin in the cervicovaginal secretions of patients with twin pregnancies is a sensitive predictor of preterm delivery. However, because of its low specificity, the fetal fibronectin test should be evaluated along with cervical changes for better identification of twins likely to develop preterm labor.
Fetal middle‐cerebral and umbilical artery flow assessments after glucose challenge test
Authors: Pardo J. , Orvieto R. , Rabinerson D. , Bar J. , Hod M. , Kaplan B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To determine whether a change occurs in fetal middle‐cerebral and umbilical artery flow after glucose challenge testing. Method: Fetal middle‐cerebral and umbilical artery flow was assessed by Color Dopppler technology in 21 pregnant patients before and after the 50‐g glucose challenge test. The resistance index (IR) was evaluated separately for each vessel. Statistical significance was determined by Chi‐square test and repeated measurement analysis with two co‐variates. Results: After glucose ingestion the RI was significantly decreased in the middle‐cerebral artery, but not in the umbilical artery. A significant increase in RI was recorded in the umbilical artery when maternal plasma glucose level exceeded 102 mg%. Conclusion: Maternal ingestion of glucose significantly alters blood flow velocimetry in the fetal middle‐cerebral and umbilical arteries. These changes may lead to the misinterpretation of normal results. It is therefore recommended that sonographic flow velocimetry assessment not be performed early after concentrated glucose ingestion.
Adenoviral‐mediated transfection of the lac‐z geneinto rat dissociated embryonic central nervous systemcells before and after seeding
Authors: Cot Christine , Privat Alain , Levallois Christine 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe adenovirus carrying a reporter gene—the Lac‐Z gene—is well known toinfect central nervous system (CNS) cells in primary cell cultures. The percentage of infectedneurons with respect to the total number of neurons was studied in primary dissociated culturesas a function of the day of inoculation and the age of three rat CNS cultures : spinal cord,mesencephalon and cortex. Two methods of viral inoculation were compared : the firstinoculation was performed on the cultured cells at 2, 3 or 6 days in vitro (DIV) whereas the second inoculation was performed on the cell suspensions before seeding. All theinfected CNS cells had the same aspect as the control cultures. In the spinal cord and themesencephalic cultures, the glial cells were preferentially infected, especially when the cells wereinoculated at 6 DIV. In the cortical cultures, there were more infected neurons than infected glialcells. The number of CNS cells was lower when inoculation was performed at 6 DIV ascompared with 3 DIV. Very few infected GABA cells were found in the cultures. A highpercentage of infected neuronal cells relative to the total number of neuronal cells was foundwhen infection of the three types of cultures was performed on the dissociated embryonic cellsuspension before seeding.
Perception of species‐specific vocalizations in rats : role of the cholinergic septo‐hippocampal pathway and aging
Authors: Hörtnagl Heide , Groll‐knapp Elisabeth , Khanakah Gelas , Sperk Günther , Bubna‐littitz Hermann 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe effect of a chemical lesion of the cholinergic septo‐hippocampal pathway induced by ethylcholine aziridinium (AF64A) on brain potentials evoked by species‐specific vocalization containing informations of high biological relevance was studied in young adult (10 months) and aged (24 months) rats by means of neocortical electroencephalographic recordings. In control rats, the perception of a rats vocalization in a life endangering situation (lasting 0.8 s) initiated an evoked potential followed by a late positive slow wave (LPSW)‐complex and a direct current shift with a duration of up to 16 s. Four months after treatment with AF64A (2 nmol into each of the lateral ventricles), the main negative component of the initial acoustic evoked potential (peak latency of about 60 ms after stimulus onset) was reduced (P = 0.04) both in young adult and aged rats. Further changes included a decrease of the late positive wave amplitude in young adult rats (P = 0.001) and a shorter duration of the LPSW‐complex in aged rats (P = 0.03). AF64A induced also changes in specific components revealed by Principle Component Analysis, but only in the group of young rats. A decrease in the slow wave component (factor 1, 3000–4000 ms after stimulus onset ; P = 0.02) was observed. Age per se affected the late positive potential shifts as indicated by a shorter latency of the late positive wave (P = 0.03).A detailed analysis of the major neurotransmitter markers proved an almost exclusive reduction of the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the ventral and dorsal hippocampus (up to 60%), which was equal in young adult and aged rats. The irreversible loss in choline acetyltransferase activity, which was restricted to the hippocampus, was associated by a slight reduction in serotonergic function.The present data suggest that the complex cognitive and emotional processes initiated by species‐specific vocalization appear to be affected by aging. Furthermore, as a consequence of a cholinergic deficit in the hippocampus, the integration processes essential for the recognition of the biological meaning of a species‐specific vocalization are considerably disturbed. These findings provide an experimental basis for studying disturbances in the perceptual response to stimuli of high emotional value in patients with hypocholinergic function as in Alzheimers disease.
Quality of life and treatment costs in schizophrenic outpatients, treated with depot neuroleptics
Authors: Dernovsek M.Z. , Prevolnik Rupel V. , Rebolj M. , Tavcar R. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryStudy aim was 1) to find out the influences on quality of life (QoL) of chronic outpatients with schizophrenia; 2) to calculate Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY); and 3) to estimate direct 1-year treatment costs. In a 20% sample (100 males, 100 females) of schizophrenic outpatients from the Outpatients Clinic in Ljubljana, Slovenia receiving depot neuroleptics demographic, clinical, and treatment data were collected for the year 1996. The Krawiecka Scale, Global Assessment Scale (GAS), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, Rating Scale for Drug-Induced Akathisia, Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects, Quality of Life Scale (QLS), EQ-5D and QALY were used. Multivariate linear regression was used with the QLS score as dependent variable. The patients were on average 44 years old and had been treated for 14 years. The average GAS score was 70. GAS was positively related to the QLS score while the parkinsonism score was inversely correlated with QLS. The patients can expect to live for 10. 20 more QALY on average. The QoL on the EQ-5D scale was 0.73. The annual direct treatment costs amounted to $216,216 in 1996 prices. In well-adjusted chronic patients with schizophrenia the QoL seems to depend mostly on their psychosocial performance and side effects. Although rare, rehospitalisations accounted for one-half of all treatment expenses.
Barriers to the use of electroconvulsive therapy in the elderly: a European survey
Authors: Philpot M. , Treloar A. , Gormley N. , Gustafson L. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryA postal survey was carried out to determine the clinical and legal guidelines governing the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the countries of the wider Europe. Respondents from 23 of the 33 countries returned completed questionnaires. Considerable variation was found in the availability of ECT, the frequency of its use and associated legal procedures. However, there was a broad consensus with regard to the clinical indications. Access to the treatment was most frequently limited by financial or other resource constraints, political or legal restrictions.
Body experience in eating disorders before and after treatment: a follow-up study
Authors: Probst M. , Vandereycken W. , Van Coppenolle H. , Pieters G. 
Published: July 2002

SummarySince body dissatisfaction is an essential part of anorexia/bulimia nervosa, we wanted to assess the patient’s body experience before and after intensive treatment. Body experience was studied in 290 eating disorder patients, admitted to a specialised unit, after six months and again after one year using the Body Attitude Test (BAT), the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), and the Eating Disorder Evaluation Scale (EDES). The clearly negative body experience of eating disorder patients evolved in a positive way after therapy and this improvement lasted for up to one year after admission. EDI scores and Body Mass Index at the time of admission appeared to be the strongest predictors of the total BAT score at follow-up. Athough body dissatisfaction can be quite persistent in eating disorders, intensive treatment can substantially improve the patient’s body experience.
Autonomic dysfunction in patients with mild heart failure and coronary artery disease and the effects of add‐on β‐blockade
Authors: Tjeerdsma Geert , Szabó Balázs M. , van Wijk Leen M. , Brouwer Jan , Tio René A. , Crijns Harry J.G.M. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAim:Autonomic impairment is related to the incidence of sudden death in chronic heart failure (CHF). Our objective was to study autonomic profiles in patients with mild CHF due to coronary artery disease, and to investigate the value of add‐on β‐blockade.Methods and results:Measures of autonomic function (plasma norepinephrine, heart rate [HR] variability, autonomic function testing), and exercise capacity, were compared between 24 patients with mild CHF, and 24 healthy controls. In this mechanistic study, we assessed the effect of 26 weeks metoprolol treatment in a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled design. All patients received metoprolol sustained release (200 mg; n = 12) or placebo (n = 12). Assessments were made at baseline and after 10 and 26 weeks' treatment. At baseline, norepinephrine levels were elevated, while HR variability parameters were decreased in patients vs. controls (both P < 0.05). Autonomic function testing showed only small differences, although significant alterations were observed with deep breathing and head up tilting (both P < 0.05). After 26 weeks', metoprolol did not affect exercise capacity or norepinephrine concentrations. In contrast, HR variability was markedly improved in metoprolol‐treated patients vs. placebo‐treated patients (P < 0.05). In particular, a shift toward normal in the sympathovagal balance was observed (P < 0.05). Autonomic function testing showed only small, and generally non‐significant trends after metoprolol.Conclusions:Marked autonomic abnormalities are already present in mild CHF, which may be (partially) reversed by metoprolol. These observations support the reported reduction of sudden death by β‐blockade in patients with CHF.
Promoting a Veteran‐Friendly Learning Environment
Authors: Hunter‐Johnson Yvonne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe transitioning of veterans from the military world to “the civilian world” and by extension the civilian workforce is the “ultimate career transition.” However, to facilitate this challenge, most veterans often utilize higher education as a transitional tool to qualify themselves with credentials that are not only recognizable but valued by their potential civilian employer. Transitional challenges for the veteran student in higher education include a unified learning environment (veterans and civilians), a learning environment supported by unfamiliar learning theories, and differences in roles, for example instructor and student. Utilizing the transitional challenges veterans encounter while pursuing higher education as an underpinning, this chapter provides an overview of the veteran student, explores the transitional challenges veterans encounter while pursuing higher education and relevant support systems needed for success. Additionally, this chapter provides strategies that should be employed by adult educators in an effort to promote a veteran‐friendly learning environment.
Adult Learning and Development Goals for Female Veterans’ Career Transitions Amid Cultural Adaptation and Identity Formation
Authors: Greer Tomika W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifferences between military culture and civilian culture can affect the postmilitary experience for transitioning veterans. Adult educators should acquire and maintain a high level of military cultural competence to effectively serve female veterans as they transition out of the military. For women, the military‐to‐veteran transition also includes unique challenges related to identity formation, including occupational gender identity formation, which is not a salient concern for male veterans. Six learning and development goals are presented to guide adult educators in successfully facilitating the cultural adaptation and identity formation process for new female veterans.
Cyanine Conjugate‐Based Biomedical Imaging Probes
Authors: Li Yang , Zhou Yiming , Yue Xiuli , Dai Zhifei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCyanine is a class of fluorescent dye with meritorious fluorescence properties and has motivated numerous researchers to explore its imaging capabilities by miscellaneous structural modification and functionalization strategies. The covalent conjugation with other functional molecules represents a distinctive design strategy and has shown immense potential in both basic and clinical research. This review article summarizes recent achievements in cyanine conjugate‐based probes for biomedical imaging. Particular attention is paid to the conjugation with targeting warheads and other contrast agents for targeted fluorescence imaging and multimodal imaging, respectively. Additionally, their clinical potential in cancer diagnostics is highlighted and some concurrent impediments for clinical translation are discussed.
Direct Optical Patterning of Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes via In Situ Ligand Exchange
Authors: Cho Himchan , Pan Jia‐Ahn , Wu Haoqi , Lan Xinzheng , Coropceanu Igor , Wang Yuanyuan , Cho Wooje , Hill Ethan A. , Anderson John S. , Talapin Dmitri V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrecise patterning of quantum dot (QD) layers is an important prerequisite for fabricating QD light‐emitting diode (QLED) displays and other optoelectronic devices. However, conventional patterning methods cannot simultaneously meet the stringent requirements of resolution, throughput, and uniformity of the pattern profile while maintaining a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the patterned QD layers. Here, a specially designed nanocrystal ink is introduced, “photopatternable emissive nanocrystals” (PENs), which satisfies these requirements. Photoacid generators in the PEN inks allow photoresist‐free, high‐resolution optical patterning of QDs through photochemical reactions and in situ ligand exchange in QD films. Various fluorescence and electroluminescence patterns with a feature size down to ≈1.5 µm are demonstrated using red, green, and blue PEN inks. The patterned QD films maintain ≈75% of original PLQY and the electroluminescence characteristics of the patterned QLEDs are comparable to thopse of non‐patterned control devices. The patterning mechanism is elucidated by in‐depth investigation of the photochemical transformations of the photoacid generators and changes in the optical properties of the QDs at each patterning step. This advanced patterning method provides a new way for additive manufacturing of integrated optoelectronic devices using colloidal QDs.
Scalable Production of Wearable Solid‐State Li‐Ion Capacitors from N‐Doped Hierarchical Carbon
Authors: Xu Yanan , Wang Kai , Han Jianwei , Liu Cong , An Yabin , Meng Qinghai , Li Chen , Zhang Xiong , Sun Xianzhong , Zhang Yaosheng , Mao Lijuan , Wei Zhixiang , Ma Yanwei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSmart and wearable electronics have aroused substantial demand for flexible portable power sources, but it remains a large challenge to realize scalable production of wearable batteries/supercapacitors with high electrochemical performance and remarkable flexibility simultaneously. Here, a scalable approach is developed to prepare wearable solid‐state lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) with superior performance enabled by synergetic engineering from materials to device architecture. Nitrogen‐doped hierarchical carbon (HC) composed of 1D carbon nanofibers welded with 2D carbon nanosheets is synthesized via a unique self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) technique, which exhibits superior electrochemical performance. Subsequently, inspired by origami, here, wave‐shaped LIC punch‐cells based on the above materials are designed by employing a compatible and scalable post‐imprint technology. Finite elemental analysis (FEA) confirms that the bending stress of the punch‐cell can be offset effectively, benefiting from the wave architecture. The wearable solid‐state LIC punch‐cell exhibits large energy density, long cyclic stability, and superior flexibility. This study demonstrates great promise for scalable fabrication of wearable energy‐storage systems.
Selective Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural over Heterogeneous Silver‐Gold Nanoparticle Catalysts
Authors: Schade Oliver R. , Stein Frederic , Reichenberger Sven , Gaur Abhijeet , Saraҫi Erisa , Barcikowski Stephan , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBimetallic silver‐gold alloy nanoparticles on zirconia with varying Ag/Au ratios were designed by a rational approach and tested as catalysts for the selective oxidation of the promising biomass platform molecule 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF). For this purpose, colloidal AgxAu10‐x particles with molar compositions x=1/3/5/7/9 were prepared by laser ablation in liquids, a surfactant‐free method for the preparation of highly pure nanoparticles, before adsorption on zirconia. In‐depth characterization of the supported catalysts evidenced alloyed nanoparticles with distinct trends of the surface and bulk composition depending on the overall Ag/Au molar ratio as determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), respectively. To uncover the synergistic effect of the Ag/Au ratio, the catalysts were further studied in terms of the catalytic activity and selectivity in HMF oxidation. Either the aldehyde moiety or both functional groups of HMF were selectively oxidized depending on the Ag/Au composition resulting in 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furan‐carboxylic acid (HFCA) or 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), respectively. Optimization of the reaction conditions allowed the quantitative production of HFCA over most catalysts, also after re‐use. Only gold rich catalysts Ag1Au9/ZrO2 and particularly Ag3Au7/ZrO2 were highly active in FDCA synthesis. While Ag3Au7/ZrO2 deactivated upon re‐use due to sintering, no structural changes were observed for the other catalysts and all catalysts were stable against metal leaching. The present work thus provides fundamental insights into the synergistic effect of Ag and Au in alloyed nanoparticles as active and stable catalysts for the oxidation of HMF.magnified image
Modular and Chemoselective Strategy for Accessing (Distinct) α,α‐Dihaloketones from Weinreb Amides and Dihalomethyllithiums
Authors: Touqeer Saad , Senatore Raffaele , Malik Monika , Urban Ernst , Pace Vittorio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe selective transfer of diversely functionalized dihalomethyllithiums (LiCHBrCl, LiCHClI, LiCHBrI, LiCHCl2, LiCHBr2, LiCHFI) to Weinreb amides for preparing gem‐dihaloketones in one synthetic operation is reported. The capability of these amides as acylating agents and, the wide availability of dihalomethanes as pronucleophiles, enable a straightforward route to the title compounds under full chemocontrol. No racemization phenomena were evidenced in the case of optically active materials. Additionally, tolerance to sensitive functional groups (esters, amides, halogens, olefins etc.) was uniformly noticed, thus making this conceptually intuitive strategy flexible and tunable by the operator.magnified image