bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural entomology in the state of Acre: a historical overview and future challenges
Authors: Sutil Weidson Plauter , Santos Rodrigo Souza 
Published: June 2020

In the state of Acre, Brazil, family-based agriculture is predominant and although it has less economic impact in relation to large-scale plantations, it is also subject to biological imbalances, such as the attack of pests, generating economic losses for producers. Phytosanitary knowledge in the state is still incipient and becomes an obstacle to production, often resulting in mistaken management decisions. In this context, this work aimed to present a history of research carried out in the field of Agricultural Entomology, especially in the areas of integrated management and biological control of pests of the most relevant crops grown in the Acre state. In this review, 55 scientific papers related to Agricultural Entomology were presented, 23 on new insect records and/or new insect associations with host plants, 16 on insect control using plant extracts from the Amazon region, 13 on integrated pest management and three on bioecology and population dynamics of pests in the state of Acre. Through this review, it is observed that research in the area of Agricultural Entomology in the state of Acre is characterized by basic research (surveys, registration of new species, bioecological and dynamic population studies). However, there has been a notable advance in scientific studies aimed at integrated pest management in the state in the past ten years. Still, there is a need to concentrate efforts on research aimed at prospecting and using Amazonian biodiversity (fauna and flora), which subsidize applied programs for integrated pest management of the main crops grown in the Acre state.
Early corset reclination of uncomplicated type А3 comminuted vertebral fractures in the thoracolumbar spine
Authors: Narkulov M. S. , Pardaev S. N. , Karshiboev A. Zh. , Meliboev S. T. 
Published: June 2020

Objective. To analyze the results of staged preoperative correction of uncomplicated comminuted fractures in the thoracolumbar spine.Material and Methods. Retrospective study included data from 51 patients (33 men and 18 women) 17–35 years old with type A3 spinal injuries without urgent indications for surgery. In preparation for a possible operation, patients received a corset treatment with reclination pneumopelot for 2–3 days.Results. The results were evaluated based on clinical, radiological and CT data. The result after reclination corset treatment was considered good if a restoration of the vertebral height was achieved with its residual deficit of less than 10 % or local wedge shape not more than 10°; satisfactory – with a residual decrease in vertebral body height from 10 to 30 % or in kyphotic deformity from 10 to 20°; and unsatisfactory – with a decrease in body height of more than 30 %, and in kyphotic deformity of more than 20°. With an average decrease in the height of the fractured vertebral body before surgery by 45 % and the local kyphosis magnitude of 27.0° ± 5.5°, the staged reclination provided complete correction of kyphosis in all cases and restoration of the height of the compressed vertebra to a residual deficit of less than 10 % in 78 % of cases. Neurological disorders were not noted.Conclusion. In case of incomplete burst vertebral fractures not complicated by compression of the spinal cord, the method of early (in the first 7 days after the injury) corset treatment with staged fracture reclination by a pneumatic chamber can be effectively used to eliminate local kyphotic deformity and restore the height of fractured vertebra.
Spinal muscular atrophy: clinical features and treatment of spinal and limb deformities. Interstate Consensus Protocol
Authors: Ryabykh S. O. , Savin D. M. , Filatov E. Yu. , Medvedeva S. N. , Tretjakova A. N. , Popkov D. A. , Ryabykh T. V. , Shchurova E. N. , Saifutdinov M. S. 
Published: June 2020

Objective. To substantiate the protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of deformities of the spine and limbs in patients with spinal muscular atrophy basing on an assessment of the level of evidence of published data.Material and Methods. Data on foreign protocols and their adaptation for use in Russia and CIS countries were analyzed and summarized. The main platform was the evidence-based systematization of studies reflecting modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment (including surgery) of spinal and limb deformities in patients with spinal muscular atrophy. The formulated recommendations are based on literature data and the authors’ own experience. Literature was searched in online databases of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library information platforms. Preference was given to studies that could be classified as evidence level 2+ and higher according to the ASMOK system. References are given in the order of their mention in the text. Search depth was 5 years. Methods used to assess the quality and strength of evidence were expert consensus and significance assessment in accordance with the rating scheme. Methods used to analyze evidence were reviews of published meta-analyzes and systematic reviews with evidence tables.Results. Various aspects of clinical examination, respiratory support and postural control, conservative and surgical treatment of spinal and limb deformities, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management, and anesthetic risk assessment in patients with spinal muscular atrophy are highlighted.Conclusion. Secondary orthopedic pathology in patients with spinal muscular atrophy causes not only severe violation of the musculoskeletal system functions (support, movement, and verticalization), but also pathological changes in the vital functions of internal organs and systems (respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular). A thorough analysis of the patient’s condition (assessment of general somatic, neurological, and orthopedic statuses) based on the data of preoperative multidisciplinary examination allows assessing the risks of complications and developing individual program of surgical rehabilitation of the patient. Surgical correction of orthopedic pathology in spinal muscular atrophy improves the functional status of the patient, improves the quality of life and the level of self-care, and optimizes the function of external respiration.
Seasonal incidence of apple leaf miner (Lyonetia clerkella (L., 1758), Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) in Kashmir, India
Authors: RATHER Sumiulah , BUHROO Abdul A. , KHANDAY Abdul Lateef 
Published: June 2020

The seasonal incidence of apple leaf miner (Lyonetia clerkella [L., 1758], Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) was investigated in four districts of Kashmir valley from March 2015 to April 2016. The prevalence of infestation was found higher in Srinagar (70.6 %) and Bandipora (65.3 %) as compared to Pulwama (9.3 %) and Baramulla (6.6 %). Infestation intensity was found at its peak during the month of May (2015) in all the four districts. In Srinagar, the percent infestation intensity during May (2015) was found to be 58.69 % (± 11.46 SD), while as in Bandipora, Pulwama and Baramulla, it was found as 55.71 % (± 12.59 SD), 6.04 % (± 1.97 SD) and 4.27 % (± 1.12 SD) respectively. Infestation of intensity was observed to decline linearly from the first week of June (2015) and disappeared completely with the beginning of winter season. Further, seven generations of L. clerkella were found under laboratory conditions. The1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th generations completed in 39, 40, 37, 39, 45 and 48 days respectively. However, final generation (7th) was found relatively longer in duration, extended from the 4th week of September (2015) till April of the following year (2016) for about 204 days. In general, the life cycle of L. clerkella is similar to those described for other leaf miner species.
Estragole-rich essential oil of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) as an eco-friendly alternative to the synthetic insecticides in management of two stored-products insect pests
Authors: EBADOLLAHI Asgar 
Published: June 2020

The lesser grain borer [Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792)] and the red flour beetle [Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797)] are among the cosmopolitan damaging pests on several stored-products. The overuse of chemical pesticides in the control of such pests caused several side-effects including environmental contaminations, human health problems, and insect pests' resistance. In this circumstance, researchers have focused on safe and effective alternatives to chemical pesticides. In the present study, the insecticidal efficiency of essential oil extracted from the summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) was assessed on the R. dominica and T. castaneum adults. The chemical profile of essential oil was evaluated through a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, in which estragole, β-ocimene and d-limonene were the main components. The essential oil had considerable fumigant toxicity on insect pests. The mortality of insects was dependent on the essential oil concentration and exposure time. Probit analysis indicated that R. dominica with low LC50 values (Lethal Concentration to kill 50 % of tested insects) was more susceptible than T. castaneum. Accordingly, S. hortensis essential oil with a high level of phenylpropanoid and terpenic compounds can be recommended as an efficient and natural alternative to the detrimental chemicals in the management of R. dominica and T. castaneum.
DOCUMENTING, RESEARCHING AND PROMOTING URBAN HISTORY IN UKRAINE: EXPERIENCES OF THE CENTER FOR URBAN HISTORY IN LVIV
Authors: Dyak Sofia , Sklokina Iryna 
Published: June 2020

The article presents establishing and developing the Center for Urban History in Lviv as a part of the larger trend to promote and institutionalize urban history and urban studies in Ukraine and Eastern Europe. Discussing founding ideas and program, as well as their further implementation gives an insight into academic as well as public landscapes of urban research, both locally and internationally. The Center was founded in 2004 as a private foundation in Vienna and two years later, in 2006, the office was established in Lviv to launch its program activities. Major objectives of the Center are to promote research on the history of cities and towns in Eastern and Central Europe; to advance urban history as an interdisciplinary field and a platform for international cooperation; to enhance critical understanding of urban history and heritage in cooperation with local and international institutions; to engage into contemporary cultural life in the city and thus contribute to public and open engagement with the past. Three major focuses of work of the Center were gradually shaped and now they include research, digital archiving, digital and public history.
While initially many projects focused on Lviv, expanding geographical scope was part of the development of the institution.Therefore, presently, the interests include various urban experiences, such as of historical cities, Soviet cities, industrial and mono-industrial, multiethnic cities, as well as the cities surviving conflicts and violent transformations. Over the 10 years of its activities, the Center has become both the institution to conduct research and an instrumental actor to transform symbolic spaces of Lviv, the place for discussions and presentation of results of other studies and initiatives, a platform for informal educational practices and a laboratory to develop new ways of contextualizing, representing and using different archival media and documents. Different formats such as schools, conferences, workshops, seminars, lectures, presentations and round tables, exhibitions, interactive maps, digitalization and promotion of collections of photo and video materials, and educational programs for children and adults constitute our program activities and help engaging broader academic and non-academic audiences into a dialogue to promote participatory historical culture in Ukraine.
Pemodelan Pola Arus Barotropik Musiman 3 Dimensi (3D) Untuk Mensimulasikan Fenomena Upwelling di Perairan Indonesia
Authors: Mustikasari Eva , Dewi Lestari Cendikia , Heriati Aida , Pranowo Widodo Setiyo 
Published: June 2020

Pemodelan arus barotropik musiman tiga dimensi dilakukan untuk mensimulasikan fenomena upwelling di Perairan Indonesia. Pemetaan upwelling berguna sebagai tahap awal dalam mengetahui daerah potensial penangkapan ikan. Model hidrodinamika yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah finite volume. Skenario model berupa domain dalam sepuluh lapisan kolom air (equidistant) dengan pembangkit arus berupa angin dan pasang surut. Gaya coriolis dimasukkan dalam perhitungan karena model memiliki domain yang luas. Simulasi dilakukan untuk Januari, April, Agustus dan Oktober 2007. Pola arus tiga dimensi (u, v, w) dan elevasi setiap jam didapat sebagai keluaran. Komponen positif arus vertikal, w, dirata-ratakan sepanjang bulan per elemen kolom air, kemudian di-plot menjadi peta upwelling. Pola arus hasil simulasi dapat menggambarkan eksistensi Halmahera Eddy, Mindanao Eddy, South Java Current, Coastal Kelvin Wave (diduga) dan Arus Lintas Indonesia. Validasi yang baik ditunjukkan dengan RMS error elevasi relatif rendah, pada dua stasiun buoy DART di wilayah studi, yaitu 5,8542x10-2m – 1,1735x10-1m. Upwelling pada Musim Barat terjadi di Indonesia Timur (perairan Busur Banda, Laut Maluku, Laut Seram, Selat Ujung Pandang, Teluk Tomini, Teluk Tolo, Teluk Bone). Upwelling mulai muncul di selatan Jawa, sedangkan di Indonesia Timur menjadi berkurang pada Musim Peralihan I. Pada Musim Timur, upwelling mulai muncul dari selatan Jawa sampai barat Sumatera Barat dan menguat di Indonesia Timur. Pada Musim Peralihan II, upwelling meluas ke arah barat sampai perairan Pulau Simeuleu, sedangkan di Indonesia Timur berkurang dibandingkan Musim Timur.
Conflicting Levels of Engagement under the Interim Protection of Informal Land Rights Act and the Minerals and Petroleum Development Act: A Closer Look at the Xolobeni Community Dispute
Authors: Tlale Mpho Tsepiso 
Published: June 2020

The South African customary land tenure system is currently administered in terms of the Interim Protection of Informal Land Rights Act 31 of 1996 (IPILRA). As the name suggests, this is a temporary measure to protect vulnerable customary land rights while awaiting permanent communal land tenure legislation. In terms of section 2(1) of the IPILRA, no person may be deprived of any informal right to land without his or her consent. This provision is subject to subsection (4) of the IPILRA, the Expropriation Act 63 of 1975 or any other law that provides for the expropriation of land rights. Accordingly, section 2(4) states that no one may be deprived of his or her informal rights in land unless it is through the Expropriation Act, any valid land expropriation legislation or through custom that is endorsed by a majority of the community members.
Nevertheless, the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) and the mineral right applicants habitually contravene this consent provision by not including the beneficiaries of the IPILRA in the mineral right application process. The DMR awards licences without the communities' consent because the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA) authorises it to act as the custodian of mineral resources on behalf of all South Africans. When an application for mineral rights is received, it is the DMR's duty as a custodian to ensure that all the requirements of the MPRDA have been complied with. These levels of engagement, consent under the IPILRA and consultation in terms of the MPRDA, form the basis of the analysis of the decision of Baleni v Minister of Mineral Resources. Although the court decided that the acceptable level of engagement is consent in terms of the IPILRA, this article argues that consultation and consent are not mutually exclusive, and hence require reading the two pieces of legislation together.
Retornos salariales de los graduados del Programa de Economía de la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
Authors: Suarez Galeano Gladys LLanet , Vera Leyton José Marcos , Chávez Muñóz Nelson Manolo 
Published: June 2020

La teoría del capital humano advierte, entre otras cosas, los beneficios económicos de la educación para la población que accede a mayores niveles de escolaridad. Así, a un mayor nivel de escolaridad se espera un crecimiento sustancial en los niveles de ingreso laborales; por tanto, es menester analizar la contribución que tiene el Programa de Economía de la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca en el aumento de los ingresos laborales de sus egresados. Para lo cual, se realizó una exploración de posicionamiento laboral teniendo como referencia conceptual la teoría del capital humano desarrollada por Schultz (1961), y como referencia metodológica y empírica a Mincer (1974). El Programa de Economía actualmente cuenta con 539 egresados entre los periodos 2010- 2018, para este estudio se tomó una muestra de 226 graduados, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta de ingresos laborales. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que, ante un aumento en año adicional en el nivel de escolaridad, los retornos salariales para los hombres se incrementan en mayor proporción que los de las mujeres.
Corredores y territorios estratégicos del conflicto armado colombiano: una prioridad por territorializar en la geopolítica de los actores armados / Strategic corridors and territories in the colombian armed conflict: a priority for territorializing for
Authors: Salas Salazar Luis Gabriel 
Published: June 2020

Los recientes estudios e investigaciones del conflicto armado en Colombia han hecho referencia a la posible existencia de corredores y territorios estratégicos, no obstante, no han ofrecido evidencias concretas de su existencia, ni mucho menos han logrado caracterizar su territorialidad. El trabajo investigativo que aquí se presenta tuvo como objetivo analizar e interpretar la dinámica de las territorialidades de los corredores y territorios estratégicos de los actores del conflicto armado colombiano, en el periodo 1990-2009, desde una perspectiva de la Geografía Política. Las evidencias empíricas de esta investigación permiten establecer que la dinámica de las territorialidades de estos espacios estratégicos del conflicto armado colombiano se ha desplegado a través de tres niveles: en el nacional, en el regional y en el subregional-local. Para cada uno de ellos existe una dinámica territorial, en donde los actores armados han configurando una condición multiescalar de las territorialidades de los corredores y territoriosgeoestratégicos en Colombia.Palabras clave: Colombia, Conflicto Armado, Corredores Estratégicos,Geopolítica, Territorios estratégicos.
Abstract Recent studies and investigations of the armed conflict in Colombia have made reference to the possible existence of corridors and strategic territories. However, have not offered concrete evidence of their existence, much less have they managed to characterize its territoriality. This researchwork’s aim is to analyze and interpret the dynamics of the corridors’ territories, as well as the Colombian armed actors’ strategic areas during the period of 1990-2009, from the Political Geography perspective. Empirical evidence from this research allows us to establish that the dynamics of the territoriality of these strategic areas of the armed conflictin Colombia, have been deployed across three levels: national, regional and local sub-regional. For each, there is a regional process, where armed groups have been setting up a multi-scale status of the corridors’ territories and geo-strategic areas in Colombia.Keywords:Armed Conflict, Strategic Corridors, Colombia, Geopolitical,Strategic territory.
Taux butyreux et composition de la matière grasse du lait chez les petits ruminants : effets de l’apport de matières grasses ou d’aliment concentré
Authors: SCHMIDELY P. , SAUVANT D. 
Published: June 2020

Une base de données sur les effets de l’apport d’aliment concentré ou de matières grasses a été constituée pour quantifier la réponse du taux butyreux et de la composition en acides gras du lait chez les petits ruminants. L’apport d’aliment concentré réduit le taux butyreux, de façon plus marquée en ration complète qu’en ration fourrage - concentré séparés. Dans ce dernier type de ration, la réponse de la matière grasse du lait est curvilinéaire, un ratio fourrage concentré 1:1 maximisant la matière grasse produite. Dans ces conditions, les proportions des AG courts et moyens du lait sont peu ou pas modifiées, celles des AG longs saturés et mono-insaturés de type cis sont fortement réduites au profit des formes mono-insaturées trans et de l’acide linoléique. L’apport de matières grasses non protégées augmente généralement le taux butyreux et la matière grasse produite, de façon comparable pour les matières grasses animales ou végétales. Avec des huiles végétales ou animales, ces réponses sont très variables en fonction de l’intensité des effets dépresseurs de ces matières grasses sur la synthèse des acides gras courts et moyens, et de l’accroissement des acides gras longs. Les teneurs en acide linoléique, linolénique et CLA du lait sont accrues par les graines ou l’huile de colza, mais de façon modeste. Les huiles de poisson non protégées n’accroissent que faiblement les teneurs en acides gras poly-insaturés du lait. L’utilisation de savons de calcium (huile de palme principalement) accroît le taux butyreux de façon plus marquée chez les brebis que chez les chèvres, alors que l’accroissement de la matière grasse est comparable entre les deux espèces pour des apports jusqu’à 150 g/j. Ils réduisent la teneur du lait en AG moyens, mais pas celle des acides gras courts, ni celle de l’acide palmitique ; inversement ils induisent une forte augmentation de la teneur en acide stéarique et surtout oléique. La protection de graines ou d’huile de poisson par encapsulation permet de limiter l’effet dépresseur observé sur les acides gras courts et moyens, avec une réduction de l’acide stéarique et oléique au profit des formes trans de cet acide. Dans ces conditions, le transfert des acides linoléique et linolénique est accru en fonction de la richesse des graines pour ces acides gras. Cette forme de protection constitue un moyen modérément efficace de transférer vers le lait les acides gras polyinsaturés des huiles de poisson, ou des CLA alimentaires. L’ensemble de ces résultats fait apparaître un manque de données expérimentales chez les petits ruminants sur les facteurs alimentaires permettant de maîtriser la composition de la MG du lait, en particulier en ce qui concerne les acides gras jouant un rôle potentiel sur la santé humaine.
The Mortality Effects of Reduced Medicaid Coverage Among International Migrants in Hawaii: 2012–2018
Authors: Molina Teresa , Sentell Tetine , Akee Randall Q. , Onaka Alvin , Halliday Timothy J. , Horiuchi Brian 
Published: June 2020

Objectives. To study the impact on mortality in Hawaii from the revoked state Medicaid program coverage in March 2015 for most Compact of Free Association (COFA) migrants who were nonblind, nondisabled, and nonpregnant. Methods. We computed quarterly crude mortality rates for COFA migrants, Whites, and Japanese Americans from March 2012 to November 2018. We employed a difference-in-difference research design to estimate the impact of the Medicaid expiration on log mortality rates. Results. We saw larger increases in COFA migrant mortality rates than White mortality rates after March 2015. By 2018, the increase was 43% larger for COFA migrants (P = .003). Mortality trends over this period were similar for Whites and Japanese Americans, who were not affected by the policy. Conclusions. Mortality rates of COFA migrants increased after Medicaid benefits expired despite the availability of state-funded premium coverage for private insurance and significant outreach efforts to reduce the impact of this coverage change.