bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive, Evidence-Based Literature Review of the Surgical Treatment of Rectus Diastasis
Authors: ElHawary Hassan , Abdelhamid Kenzy , Meng Fanyi , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Rectus diastasis is a common condition that can result in a protruding abdomen, causing cosmetic and functional disability. Although it is usually repaired during abdominoplasty or herniorrhaphy, there is a lack of consensus with regard to the repair indications and optimal surgical techniques. The goal of this study is to provide an updated review of the surgical techniques used for rectus diastasis repair and their comparative efficacy.

Methods:
In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles that discussed the surgical management of rectus diastasis and reported on either outcomes, complications, or recurrence rates. Data detailing surgical techniques were extracted, and pooled analyses of complication and recurrence rates were performed, controlling for surgical approach, common variations in technique, and an associated herniorrhaphy.

Results:
Thirty-seven studies describing 45 techniques were included. An open rectus diastasis repair was performed in 24 of the studies. After controlling for an associated herniorrhaphy, there was no statistically significant difference in surgical complication and recurrence rates between open and laparoscopic approaches (p = 0.165 and p = 0.133, respectively). Although a double-layer suture closure was associated with a significantly lower rate of complications (p = 0.002), no significant difference was found for suture type absorbability.

Conclusions:
Surgical repair of rectus diastasis is safe and effective through both open and laparoscopic approaches. Although suture type absorbability does not affect complication or recurrence rates, a double-layer suture closure can decrease surgical complications. The pooled analysis of complication and recurrence rates can help improve informed consent and patient education.
Cost-Effectiveness of HRSA's Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program?
Authors: Goyal Ravi , Luca Dara , Klein Pamela W. , Morris Eric , Mandsager Paul , Cohen Stacy M. , Hu Cindy , Hotchkiss John , Gao Jessica , Jones Andrew , Addison West , O'Brien-Strain Margaret , Cheever Laura W. , Gilman Boyd 
Published: October 2020

Background:
With an annual budget of more than $2 billion, the Health Resources and Services Administration's Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) is the third largest source of public funding for HIV care and treatment in the United States, yet little analysis has been done to quantify the long-term public health and economic impacts of the federal program.

Methods:
Using an agent-based, stochastic model, we estimated health care costs and outcomes over a 50-year period in the presence of the RWHAP relative to those expected to prevail if the comprehensive and integrated system of medical and support services funded by the RWHAP were not available. We made a conservative assumption that, in the absence of the RWHAP, only uninsured clients would lose access to these medical and support services.

Results:
The model predicts that the proportion of people with HIV who are virally suppressed would be 25.2 percentage points higher in the presence of the RWHAP (82.6 percent versus 57.4 percent without the RWHAP). The number of new HIV infections would be 18 percent (190,197) lower, the number of deaths among people with HIV would be 31 percent (267,886) lower, the number of quality-adjusted life years would be 2.7 percent (5.6 million) higher, and the cumulative health care costs would be 25 percent ($165 billion) higher in the presence of the RWHAP relative to the counterfactual. Based on these results, the RWHAP has an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $29,573 per quality-adjusted life year gained compared with the non-RWHAP scenario. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the probability of transmitting HIV via male-to-male sexual contact and the cost of antiretroviral medications have the largest effect on the cost-effectiveness of the program.

Conclusions:
The RWHAP would be considered very cost-effective when using standard guidelines of less than the per capita gross domestic product of the United States. The results suggest that the RWHAP plays a critical and cost-effective role in the United States' public health response to the HIV epidemic.
Liver Transplantation for Propionic Acidemia: Evidence From a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Guang-Peng , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Wu Shan-Shan , Kong Yuan-Yuan , Sun Li-Ying , Zhu Zhi-Jun 
Published: October 2020

Background.
The worldwide experience of liver transplantation (LT) in the treatment of propionic acidemia (PA) remains limited and fragmented. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of posttransplant clinical outcomes in PA patients.

Methods.
MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies focusing on PA patients who underwent LT. The pooled estimate rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation.

Results.
Twenty-one studies involving 70 individuals were included. The pooled estimate rates were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.80-1.00) for patient survival and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.72-1.00) for allograft survival. The pooled estimate rates were 0.20 (95% CI, 0.05-0.39) for rejection, 0.08 (95% CI, 0.00-0.21) for hepatic artery thrombosis, 0.14 (95% CI, 0.00-0.37) for cytomegalovirus/Epstein-Barr virus infection, and 0.03 (95% CI, 0.00-0.15) for biliary complications. The pooled estimate rates were 0.98 (95% CI, 0.88-1.00) for metabolic stability, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.79-1.00) for reversal of preexisting cardiomyopathy, and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.78-1.00) for improvement of neurodevelopmental delay. A large proportion of patients achieved liberalization of protein intake posttransplant (pooled estimate rate 0.66 [95% CI, 0.35-0.93]).

Conclusions.
Despite the risk of transplant-related complications, LT is a viable therapeutic option in PA patients with satisfactory survival rates and clinical outcomes. Given the diversity in neurological assessment methods and the inconsistency in the achievement of dietary protein liberalization across different studies, consensus on neurological evaluation methods and posttransplant protein intake is necessary. Longer-term clinical outcomes of LT for PA warrants further investigation.
A meta-analysis of mesophyll conductance to CO2in relation to major abiotic stresses in poplar species
Authors: Elferjani Raed , Benomar Lahcen , Momayyezi Mina , Tognetti Roberto , Niinemets Ülo , Soolanayakanahally Raju Y. , Théroux-Rancourt Guillaume , Tosens Tiina , Lamara Mebarek , Ripullone Francesco , Bilodeau-Gauthier Simon , Lamhamedi Mohammed S. , Calfapietra Carlo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMesophyll conductance (gm) determines the diffusion of CO2from the substomatal cavities to the site of carboxylation in the chloroplasts and represents a critical limiting factor to photosynthesis. In this study, we evaluated the average effect sizes of different environmental constraints ongminPopulusspp., a forest tree model. We collected raw data of 815A-Ciresponse curves from 26 datasets to estimategm, using a single curve-fitting method to alleviate method-related bias. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effects of different abiotic stresses ongm. We found a significant increase ingmfrom the bottom to the top of the canopy that was concomitant with the increase of maximum rate of carboxylation and light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax).gmwas positively associated with increases in soil moisture and nutrient availability, but insensitive to increasing soil copper concentration, and did not vary with atmospheric CO2concentration. Our results showed thatgmwas strongly related toAmaxand to a lesser extent to stomatal conductance (gs). Also, a negative linear relation was obtained betweengmand specific leaf area, which may be used to scale-upgmwithin the canopy.
Global RNAseq of ocular cells reveals gene dysregulation in both asymptomatic and with Congenital Zika Syndrome infants exposed prenatally to Zika virus
Authors: Rosa-Fernandes Livia , Bedrat Amina , dos Santos Maria Luiza B. , Pinto Ana , Lucena E , Silva Thiago P. , Melo Rossana C. N. , Palmisano Giuseppe , Cardoso Claudete Araújo , Barbosa Raquel Hora 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn 2015, Brazil reported an outbreak identified as Zika virus (ZIKV) infection associated with congenital abnormalities. To date, a total of 86 countries and territories have described evidence of Zika infection and recently the appearance of the African ZIKV lineage in Brazil highlights the risk of a new epidemic. The spectrum of ZIKV infection-induced alterations at both cellular and molecular levels is not completely elucidated. Here, we present for the first time the gene expression responses associated with prenatal ZIKV infection from ocular cells. We applied a recently developed non-invasive method (impression cytology) which use eye cells as a model for ZIKV studies. The ocular profiling revealed significant differences between exposed and control groups, as well as a different pattern in ocular transcripts from Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) compared to ZIKV-exposed but asymptomatic infants. Our data showed pathways related to mismatch repair, cancer, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and genes probably causative or protective in the modulation of ZIKV infection. Ocular cells revealed the effects of ZIKV infection on primordial neuronal cell genes, evidenced by changes in genes associated with embryonic cells. The changes in gene expression support an association with the gestational period of the infection and provide evidence for the resulting clinical and ophthalmological pathologies. Additionally, the findings of cell death- and cancer-associated deregulated genes raise concerns about the early onset of other potential pathologies including the need for tumor surveillance. Our results thus provide direct evidence that infants exposed prenatally to the Zika virus, not only with CZS but also without clinical signs (asymptomatic) express cellular and molecular changes with potential clinical implications.
Diagnostic utility of a Ferritin-to-Procalcitonin Ratio to differentiate patients with COVID-19 from those with Bacterial Pneumonia: A multicenter study
Authors: Gharamti Amal A. , Mei Fei , Jankousky Katherine C. , Huang Jin , Hyson Peter , Chastain Daniel B. , Fan Jiawei , Osae Sharmon , Zhang Wayne W. , Montoya José G. , Erlandson Kristine M. , Scherger Sias J. , Franco-Paredes Carlos , Henao-Martínez Andrés F. , Shapiro Leland 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImportanceThere is a need to develop tools to differentiate COVID-19 from bacterial pneumonia at the time of clinical presentation before diagnostic testing is available.ObjectiveTo determine if the Ferritin-to-Procalcitonin ratio (F/P) can be used to differentiate COVID-19 from bacterial pneumonia.DesignThis case-control study compared patients with either COVID-19 or bacterial pneumonia, admitted between March 1 and May 31, 2020. Patients with COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia co-infection were excluded.SettingA multicenter study conducted at three hospitals that included UCHealth and Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital in the United States, and Yichang Central People’s Hospital in China.ParticipantsA total of 242 cases with COVID-19 infection and 34 controls with bacterial pneumonia.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe F/P in patients with COVID-19 or with bacterial pneumonia were compared. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the sensitivity and specificity of various cut-off F/P values for the diagnosis of COVID-19 versus bacterial pneumonia.ResultsPatients with COVID-19 pneumonia had a lower mean age (57.11 vs 64.4 years, p=0.02) and a higher BMI (30.74 vs 27.15 kg/m2, p=0.02) compared to patients with bacterial pneumonia. Cases and controls had a similar proportion of women (47% vs 53%, p=0.5) and COVID-19 patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (32.6% vs 12%, p=0.01). The median F/P was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 (4037.5) compared to the F/P in bacterial pneumonia (802, p<0.001). An F/P ≥ 877 used to diagnose COVID-19 resulted in a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 56%, with a positive predictive value of 93.2%, and a likelihood ratio of 1.92. In multivariable analyses, an F/P ≥ 877 was associated with greater odds of identifying a COVID-19 case (OR: 11.27, CI: 4-31.2, p<0.001).Conclusions and RelevanceAn F/P ≥ 877 increases the likelihood of COVID-19 pneumonia compared to bacterial pneumonia. Further research is needed to determine if obtaining ferritin and procalcitonin simultaneously at the time of clinical presentation has improved diagnostic value. Additional questions include whether an increased F/P and/or serial F/P associates with COVID-19 disease severity or outcomes.
Maximally selective single cell target for circuit control in epilepsy
Authors: Hadjiabadi Darian , Lovett-Barron Matthew , Raikov Ivan , Sparks Fraser , Liao Zhenrui , Baraban Scott C. , Leskovec Jure , Losonczy Attila , Deisseroth Karl , Soltesz Ivan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNeurological and psychiatric disorders are associated with pathological neural dynamics. The fundamental connectivity patterns of cell-cell communication networks that enable pathological dynamics to emerge remain unknown. We studied epileptic circuits using a newly developed integrated computational pipeline applied to cellular resolution functional imaging data. Control and preseizure neural dynamics in larval zebrafish and in chronically epileptic mice were captured using large-scale cellular-resolution calcium imaging. Biologically constrained effective connectivity modeling extracted the underlying cell-cell communication network. Novel analysis of the higher-order network structure revealed the existence of ‘superhub’ cells that are unusually richly connected to the rest of the network through feedforward motifs. Instability in epileptic networks was causally linked to superhubs whose involvement in feedforward motifs critically enhanced downstream excitation. Disconnecting individual superhubs was significantly more effective in stabilizing epileptic networks compared to disconnecting hub cells defined traditionally by connection count. Collectively, these results predict a new, maximally selective and minimally invasive cellular target for seizure control.HighlightsHigher-order connectivity patterns of large-scale neuronal communication networks were studied in zebrafish and miceControl and epileptic networks were modeled from in vivo cellular resolution calcium imaging dataRare ‘superhub’ cells unusually richly connected to the rest of the network through higher-order feedforward motifs were identifiedDisconnecting single superhub neurons more effectively stabilized epileptic networks than targeting conventional hub cells defined by high connection count.These data predict a maximally selective novel single cell target for minimally invasive seizure control
Resolving a Systematic Error in STARR-seq for Quantitative Enhancer Activity Mapping
Authors: Niu Longjian , Wan Jing , Sun Jialei , Huang Yingzhang , He Na , Li Li , Hou Chunhui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSTARR-seq assesses millions of fragments in parallel measuring enhancer activity quantitatively. Here we show that STARR-seq is critically flawed with a systematic error in the cells ofArabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). Large amount of self-transcripts (STs) is lost during reverse transcription because these STs are polyadenylated after alternative polyadenylation sites (APAS) inside the test sequences. We solved this problem by using specially designed primer and recovered self-transcribed sequences independent from the PAS usage. InA. thaliana, we identified active enhancers and also enhancers quiescent in their endogenous genomic loci. Different from traditional STARR-seq identified enhancers, enhancers identified by new method are highly enriched in sequences proximal to the 5’ and 3’ ends of genes, and their epigenetic states correlate with gene expression levels. Our solution applies to methods based on self-transcript quantification. In addition, our results provide an invaluable functional enhancer activity map and insights into the functional complexity of enhancers inA. thaliana.
Leveraging supervised learning for functionally-informed fine-mapping of cis-eQTLs identifies an additional 20,913 putative causal eQTLs
Authors: Wang Qingbo S. , Kelley David R. , Ulirsch Jacob , Kanai Masahiro , Sadhuka Shuvom , Cui Ran , Albors Carlos , Cheng Nathan , Okada Yukinori ,   The Biobank Japan Project, Aguet Francois , Ardlie Kristin G. , MacArthur Daniel G. , Finucane Hilary K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe large majority of variants identified by GWAS are non-coding, motivating detailed characterization of the function of non-coding variants. Experimental methods to assess variants’ effect on gene expressions in native chromatin context via direct perturbation are low-throughput. Existing high-throughput computational predictors thus have lacked large gold standard sets of regulatory variants for training and validation. Here, we leverage a set of 14,807 putative causal eQTLs in humans obtained through statistical fine-mapping, and we use 6,121 features to directly train a predictor of whether a variant modifies nearby gene expression. We call the resulting prediction the expression modifier score (EMS). We validate EMS by comparing its ability to prioritize functional variants with other major scores. We then use EMS as a prior for statistical fine-mapping of eQTLs to identify an additional 20,913 putatively causal eQTLs, and we incorporate EMS into co-localization analysis to identify 310 additional candidate genes across UK Biobank phenotypes.
Apical-root apoplastic acidification affects cell-wall extensibility in wheat under salinity stress
Authors: Shao Yang , Feng Xiaohui , Nakahara Hiroki , Irshad Muhammad , Eneji A. Egrinya , Zheng Yuanrun , An Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlant salt tolerance is closely associated with a high rate of root growth. Although root growth is governed by cell-wall and apoplastic pH, the relationship between these factors in the root elongation zone under salinity stress remains unclear. Here, we assess apoplastic pH, pH- and expansin-dependent cell-wall extensibility, and expansin expression in the root elongation zone of salt-sensitive (Yongliang-15) and -tolerant (JS-7) cultivars under salinity stress. A six-day 80 mM NaCl treatment significantly reduced apical-root apoplastic pH, from 6.2 to 5.3, in both cultivars. Using a pH-dependent cell-wall extensibility experiment, we found that, under 0 mM NaCl treatment, the optimal pH for cell-wall loosening was 6.0 in the salinity-tolerant cultivar and 4.6 in the salinity-sensitive cultivar. Under 80 mM treatment, a pH of 5.0 mitigated the cell-wall stiffness caused by salinity stress in the salinity-tolerant cultivar, but promoted cell-wall stiffening in the salinity-sensitive cultivar. These changes in pH-dependent cell-wall extensibility are consistent with differences in the root growth of two cultivars under salinity stress. Exogenous expansin application, and expansin expression experiments, we found that salinity stress altered expansin expression, differentially affecting cell-wall extensibility under pH 5.0 and 6.0.TaEXPA7andTaEXPA8induced cell-wall loosening at pH 5.0, whereasTaEXPA5induced cell-wall loosening at pH 6.0. These results elucidate the relationship between expansin and cell-wall extensibility in the root elongation zone, with important implications for enhancing plant growth under salinity stress.
Mitohormesis reprograms macrophage metabolism to enforce tolerance
Authors: Timblin Greg A. , Tharp Kevin M. , Ford Breanna , Winchenster Janet M. , Wang Jerome , Zhu Stella , Khan Rida I. , Louie Shannon K. , Iavarone Anthony T. , Hoeve Johanna ten , Nomura Daniel K. , Stahl Andreas , Saijo Kaoru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMacrophages generate mitochondrial reactive oxygen and electrophilic species (mtROS, mtRES) as antimicrobials during Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent inflammatory responses. Whether mitochondrial stress caused by these molecules impacts macrophage function is unknown. Here we demonstrate that both pharmacologically- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven mitochondrial stress in macrophages triggers a stress response called mitohormesis. LPS-driven mitohormetic stress adaptations occur as macrophages transition from an LPS-responsive to LPS-tolerant state where stimulus-induced proinflammatory gene transcription is impaired, suggesting tolerance is a product of mitohormesis. Indeed, like LPS, pharmacologically-triggered mitohormesis suppresses mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and acetyl-CoA production needed for histone acetylation and proinflammatory gene transcription, and is sufficient to enforce an LPS-tolerant state. Thus, mtROS and mtRES are TLR-dependent signaling molecules that trigger mitohormesis as a negative feedback mechanism to restrain inflammation via tolerance. Moreover, bypassing TLR signaling and pharmacologically triggering mitohormesis represents a novel anti-inflammatory strategy that co-opts this stress response to impair epigenetic support of proinflammatory gene transcription by mitochondria.Abstract Figure
PSK signaling controls ABA homeostasis and signaling genes and maintains shoot growth under osmotic stress
Authors: Rajamanickam Komathy , Schönhof Martina D. , Hause Bettina , Sauter Margret 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTWater deficit impairs growth and survival of plants. Many water stress responses are under control of abscisic acid (ABA) but little is known about growth control under osmotic stress. Based on the previously described growth-promoting activity of the peptide hormone phytosulfokine (PSK), we hypothesized that it may contribute to growth regulation under water stress conditions. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed theArabidopsis thalianaPSK receptor (PSKR) null mutantpskr1-3 pskr2-1under mannitol and drought stress. In particular under mild water stress, fresht weight and photosynthetic efficiency were more reduced inpskr1-3 pskr2-1than in wild type. Hydroponic and grafting experiments showed that PSKR signaling was not required for long-distance signaling from mannitol-stressed roots to shoot but rather for cell growth promotion in the shoot. Unlike wild type,pskr1-3 pskr2-1shoots did not accumulate ABA in response to mannitol, showed misregulation of ABA synthesis genes and elevated expression ofABI1andABI2, repressors of ABA signaling whereas application of ABA partially reversed shoot growth inhibition by mannitol inpskr1-3 pskr2-1. In turn, mannitol and ABA induced expression ofPSK3and PSKR1, and ABA promoted expression ofPSK2andPSK4revealing feedback regulatory loops between PSKR and osmotic stress signaling.HighlightPhytosulfokine receptor signaling regulates ABA synthesis and signaling genes and promotes ABA accumulation in the shoot of water-stressed plants and maintains leaf growth and photosynthetic efficiency which ensures plant health.