bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro optical quality assessment of a monofocal IOL sutured to an artificial iris
Authors: Mayer Christian , Son Hyeck-Soo , Łabuz Grzegorz , Yildirim Timur M. , Auffarth Gerd U. , Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To assess whether the combined implantation of a monofocal IOL and an artificial iris had an effect on the IOL's optical performance.

Setting:
David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology, Heidelberg, Germany.

Design:
In vitro laboratory study.

Methods:
IOL optical quality was assessed using an OptiSpheric IOL Pro II to measure the IOL's modulation transfer function (MTF) at 3.0 mm pupil size and spatial frequency of 100 lp/mm. Three ASPIRA-aAY IOLs with different base powers, 10.0 diopter (D) (IOL A), 20.0 D (IOL B), and 30.0 D (IOL C) were measured before and after suturing the IOL to an ArtificialIris (AI). The degree of IOL decentration about the center of the AI was also evaluated.

Results:
The mean MTF values prior to suturing were 0.57, 0.65, and 0.63 for IOLs A, B, and C, respectively. After suturing to the AI, the mean MTF values were 0.52, 0.54, and 0.55 for IOLs A, B, and C, respectively. The decentration values in vertical direction were 0.20 mm, 0.00 mm, and 0.02 mm for IOLs A, B, and C, respectively. In horizontal direction, the decentration values were 0.42 mm, 0.10 mm, and 0.03 mm for IOLs A, B, and C, respectively.

Conclusions:
The MTF decreased slightly in all 3 IOLs after they were sutured to the AI. The small differences, however, should be clinically irrelevant. This laboratory assessment showed that suturing of the IOL to the AI can be performed in a reliable and reproducible manner without deteriorating optical quality.
Oxygen Consumption and Speed Performance of a Runner with Amputation Wearing an Elevated Vacuum Running Prosthesis
Authors: Le Hoan , Guerra Gary , Sasaki Kazuhiko , Phongphibool Sitha , Smith John D. , Wongpanya Jirayu , Rakbanboong Thanyaporn , Siriwatsopon Juthamas 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Persons with lower-limb differences are increasingly seeking out a means to participate in sport and running activities. Suspension of the running-specific prosthesis (RSP) during high-intensity running is crucial for safety and optimal running performance. The vacuum-assisted socket system (VASS) provides enhanced proprioception and residual limb volume stability during walking; however, utilization of the VASS in an individual fit with an RSP has yet to be explored in case or empirical studies. We report outcomes of a recreational running transtibial prosthesis user wearing a novel VASS-RSP.

Methods
A 33-year-old man with transtibial amputation was provided an RSP with a VASS and performed outcome measures while wearing the VASS-RSP and non–VASS-RSP. He performed a series of straight and counterclockwise (CCW) curve track 40-m runs while speed gates recorded split and total time. The patient also performed a 10-minute treadmill run oxygen consumption was determined, and Socket Comfort Scores (SCS) were recorded.

Results
No significant differences in track running trials were observed; straight track running speeds were similar VASS (5.37 ± 0.06 m/s) and non–VASS-RSP (5.37 ± 0.16 m/s), [t(1) = 0.320, P = 0.979]. Curve track speeds improved while wearing the VASSRSP (4.72 ± 0.09 m/s) compared with the non–VASS-RSP (4.66 ± 0.03 m/s) [t(2) = 0.846, P = 0.487]. Speeds were significantly faster during straight track running (5.37 ± 0.08 m/s) than during curve track running (4.70 ± 0.07 m/s) when both RSP configurations were combined [t(4) = 15.8, P = 0.001]. Net oxygen consumption reduced while wearing VASS-RSP (24.6 mL/kg per minute) compared with non–VASS-RSP (29.2 mL/kg per minute). Socket comfort during outcome measures improved 33% while wearing the VASS-RSP.

Conclusions
The patient preferred using the VASS-RSP while performing running exercises, and some outcome measures comparing the two suction suspension systems support the patient values. The novel VASS system should be further tested to determine potential utility for running exercise and sport interventions for persons with amputation.
Wearing Time for Lower-Limb Orthoses in Users with Pathological Gait Due to Neurological Disorder—Influences of Orthotic Concepts
Authors: Schwarze Martin , Wendy Stephanie , Kaib Thomas , Alimusaj Merkur , Weichold Claudia , Putz Cornelia , Wolf Sebastian I. , Block Julia 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Lower-limb orthoses are usually part of conservative therapy in patients with pathological gait due to neurological disorders. A modular design, defined as a detachable combination of different orthotic designs, offers the possibility to adapt orthosis functionality to individual needs. Currently, however, knowledge about the actual impact of modularity on wearing times is limited. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the wearing time of modular and nonmodular orthoses to determine whether there are differences between the different orthotic concepts of the lower limb on weekdays and weekends and whether modularity affects wearing time.

Material and Methods
In this prospective clinical study, 53 patients with neurological gait disorder were included. All wore modular or nonmodular orthoses in one of these three groups: dynamic ankle-foot orthoses (DAFOs), ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs), and knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFOs). Wearing time was recorded by temperature sensors for 3 months. Data analysis included both descriptive and further parametric statistical testing (t-test for dependent and independent samples) as well as Pearson correlations. A univariate analysis of variance was used when comparing multiple groups.

Results
Participants wore DAFOs and AFOs, but not KAFOs, significantly longer on weekdays. Wearing time correlated significantly between weekdays and weekends for all groups. There is no significant difference in the mean daily wearing time between the groups. Modularity influenced the wearing time only for the DAFO/AFO combination.

Conclusion
Orthotic design and anatomic height affect the average daily wearing time. A change in wearing behavior between weekdays and weekends and influences by modularity can be found solely in DAFOs and AFOs.
Evaluation of the Impact of Handoff Based on the SBAR Technique on Quality of Nursing Care
Authors: Abbaszade Ali , Assarroudi Abdolghader , Armat Mohammad Reza , Stewart Jacqueline J. , Rakhshani Mohammad Hassan , Sefidi Narges , Sahebkar Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Effective communication, including the complete and accurate transfer of information and the prevention of misrepresentation and misinterpretation of patient-centered data during handoff, can enhance the quality of patient care and safety.

Purpose:
This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of bedside handoff using the Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (SBAR) technique, on the quality of nursing care.

Methods:
The Quality Patient Care Scale (QUALPACS) was completed by the patient while nurses performed a verbal bedside shift handoff and after receiving education on the purpose and proper use of the SBAR communication tool.

Results:
The mean age of subjects was 51.29 ± 8.02 years. We found a significant increase in the mean score of QUALPACS dimensions, namely psychosocial (P < .001), physical (P < .001), and communication (P < .001) after SBAR implementation.

Conclusions:
Findings suggest that using the SBAR handoff technique increases the quality of nursing care in all QUALPACS dimensions.
The Noninvasive Fetal Electrocardiogram During Labor: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Lempersz Carlijn , Noben Lore , de Vries Bart , van Laar Judith O. E. H. , Westerhuis Michelle E. M. H. , Oei S. Guid 
Published: June 2020

Importance
The introduction of the cardiotocogram (CTG) during labor has not been found to improve neonatal outcome. The search for a more reliable, less invasive, and patient-friendly technique is ongoing. The noninvasive fetal electrocardiogram (NI-fECG) has been proposed as one such alternative.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to review the literature on the performance of NI-fECG for fetal monitoring during labor. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library was performed. Studies involving original research investigating the performance of NI-fECG during labor were included. Animal studies and articles in languages other than English, Dutch, or German were excluded. The QUADAS-2 checklist was used for quality assessment. A descriptive analysis of the results is provided.

Results
Eight articles were included. Pooled analysis of the results of the separate studies was not possible due to heterogeneity. All studies demonstrate that it is possible to apply NI-fECG during labor. Compared with Doppler ultrasound, NI-fECG performs equal or better in most studies.

Conclusions and Relevance
NI-fECG for fetal monitoring is a promising noninvasive and patient-friendly technique that provides accurate information. Future studies should focus on signal quality throughout labor, with the aim to further optimize technical development of NI-fECG.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to interpret the performance of both noninvasive fetal electrocardiography and Doppler ultrasound for fetal heart rate monitoring during labor; assess the advantages and disadvantages of monitoring fetal heart rate with the current noninvasive fetal electrocardiogram during labor; and summarize the definitions of the different performance measures.
Single-Cell Analysis of Human Ovarian Cortex Identifies Distinct Cell Populations But No Oogonial Stem Cells
Authors: Wagner Magdalena , Yoshihara Masahito , Douagi Iyadh , Damdimopoulos Anastasios , Panula Sarita , Petropoulos Sophie , Lu Haojiang , Pettersson Karin , Palm Kerstin , Katayama Shintaro , Hovatta Outi , Kere Juha , Lanner Fredrik , Damdimopoulou Pauliina 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Nat Commun 2020;11:1147)
In the female fetus, oogonia derived from fetal germ cells (FGCs) form primordial follicles that remain dormant until reactivation in the postnatal ovary. The reserve of primordial follicles in the ovarian cortex determines the fertile lifespan, and its depletion marks the beginning of menopause.
The Role of Levonorgestrel Intra-uterine System in the Management of Adenomyosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Abbas Ahmed M. , Samy Ahmed , Atwa Khaled , Ghoneim Hanan M. , Lotfy Mariam , Mohammed Heba Saber , Abdellah Asmaa M. , El Bahie Amira M. , Aboelroose Ahmed A. , El Gedawy Asmaa M. , Mostafa Mona , Elsenity Mohamed A. , Samy Mohammed , Safwat Sarah , Abdelrahman Rehab M. , Salah El Din Adel S. , Badran Esraa , Abdelkader Abdelrahman M. , Abdallah Ameer 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020;99:571–581)
Adenomyosis is a prevalent disorder characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissues within the myometrium. Its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear.
Low-Dose Aspirin for the Prevention of Preterm Delivery in Nulliparous Women With a Singleton Pregnancy (ASPIRIN): A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Hoffman Matthew K. , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Kodkany Bhalachandra S. , Metgud Mrityunjay , Somannavar Manjunath , Okitawutshu Jean , Lokangaka Adrien , Tshefu Antoinette , Bose Carl L. , Mwapule Abigail , Mwenechanya Musaku , Chomba Elwyn , Carlo Waldemar A. , Chicuy Javier , Figueroa Lester , Garces Ana , Krebs Nancy F. , Jessani Saleem , Zehra Farnaz , Saleem Sarah , Goldenberg Robert L. , Kurhe Kunal , Das Prabir , Patel Archana , Hibberd Patricia L. , Achieng Emmah , Nyongesa Paul , Esamai Fabian , Liechty Edward A. , Goco Norman , Hemingway-Foday Jennifer , Moore Janet , Nolen Tracy L. , McClure Elizabeth M. , Koso-Thomas Marion , Miodovnik Menachem , Silver R. , Derman Richard J. 
Published: June 2020

(Abstracted from Lancet 2020;395:285–293)
Preterm birth, or delivery before 37 weeks, is one of the most common causes of infant mortality. New evidence has shown that women who take low-dose aspirin (81 mg) may be at lower risk of preeclampsia.
The Association of Race, Sex, and Insurance With Transfer From Adult to Pediatric Trauma Centers
Authors: Kulaylat Afif N. , Hollenbeak Christopher S. , Armen Scott B. , Cilley Robert E. , Engbrecht Brett W. 
Published: June 2020

Objective
Our objective was to investigate whether racial/ethnic-based or payer-based disparities existed in the transfer practices of pediatric trauma patients from adult trauma center (ATC) to pediatric trauma center (PTC) in Pennsylvania.

Methods
Data on trauma patients aged 14 years or less initially evaluated at level I and II ATC were obtained from the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study (2008–2012) (n = 3446). Generalized estimating equations regression analyses were used to evaluate predictors of subsequent transfer controlling for confounders and clustering. Recent literature has described racial and socioeconomic disparities in outcomes such as mortality after trauma; it is unknown whether these factors also influence the likelihood of subsequent interfacility transfer between ATC and PTC.

Results
Patients identified as nonwhite comprised 36.1% of the study population. Those without insurance comprised 9.9% of the population. There were 2790 patients (77.4%) who were subsequently transferred. Nonwhite race (odds ratio [OR], 4.3), female sex (OR, 1.3), and lack of insurance (OR, 2.3) were associated with interfacility transfer. Additional factors were identified influencing likelihood of transfer (increased odds: younger age, intubated status, cranial, orthopedic, and solid organ injury; decreased odds: operative intervention at the initial trauma center) (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions
Although we assume that a desire for specialized care is the primary reason for transfer of injured children to PTCs, our analysis demonstrates that race, female sex, and lack of insurance are also associated with transfers from ATCs to PTCs for children younger than 15 years in Pennsylvania. Further research is needed to understand the basis of these health care disparities and their impact.
Time to Antibiotic for Pediatric Oncology Patients With Febrile Neutropenia at Regional Emergency Departments
Authors: Wadhwa Aman , Oakley Jamie , Richman Joshua , Bhatia Smita , Kutny Matthew A. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives
We compared the time to antibiotic (TTA) for pediatric oncology patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) presenting at regional emergency departments (EDs) with those presenting at a pediatric referral ED, and examined its association with need for aggressive medical care.

Methods
We abstracted data for pediatric oncology patients (age, <21 years) admitted for FN between August 2012 and August 2017 at a single children's hospital and compared the TTA between those referred from a regional ED across the state and those admitted via the referral ED at the children's hospital. Factors associated with delay in antibiotic administration (TTA, >60 minutes) were estimated using generalized linear modeling with generalized estimating equations (GEEs). Delay in antibiotic administration was examined for its association with the need for aggressive medical care (>1 fluid bolus, intensive care unit admission, inotropic or invasive ventilator support) within 24 hours of admission as an exploratory aim.

Results
Three-hundred eighty-nine FN admissions (regional ED, 26.7%; referral ED, 73.3%) occurred in 205 eligible patients. Median TTA was significantly (P < 0.0001) greater among patients presenting at a regional ED (117.5 minutes [range, 9–722 minutes]) vs referral ED (46 minutes [range, 6–378 minutes]). Presentation at regional ED was the only factor associated with delay in antibiotic administration (odds ratio, 9.73; 95% confidence interval, 5.37–17.63; P < 0.0001). Delay in antibiotic administration was not associated with greater need for aggressive medical care (odds ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–3.29; P = 0.5).

Conclusions
Pediatric oncology patients with FN presenting to regional EDs have longer TTA as compared with those presenting to a referral ED at a children's hospital.
Cardiovascular Effects of Energy Drinks in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Moussa Mohamad , Hansz Keith , Rasmussen Michaela , Gillman Cassidy , Pollard Casey , Kwak Eunice , Izsak Eugene 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Consumption of energy drinks in the pediatric population is correlated with more emergency department visits and causes adverse reactions, such as neurological, psychiatric, gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular effects. These cardiovascular complications include increased cardiometabolic risk with high intake of sugar, short-term blood pressure increases and a decrease in cerebral blood flow due to the caffeine content, increased or decreased blood pressure from taurine, unmasked cardiac conditions, such as channelopathies, and atrial and ventral fibrillations. Cardiovascular complications can also arise when energy drinks are mixed with pharmaceutical drugs, such as amiodarone, potent CYP1A2 inhibitors, warfarin, digoxin, or corticosteroids. Combining energy drinks with alcohol also precipitates adverse cardiovascular events, posing a risk to the health of children and adolescents. This review further explores the ingredients in energy drinks and their mechanism of action in causing these cardiovascular complications.
User Testing to Improve Retrieval and Comprehension of Information in Guidelines to Improve Medicines Safety
Authors: Jones Matthew D. , Franklin Bryony Dean , Watson Margaret C. , Raynor DK 
Published: June 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of user testing for improving healthcare professionals’ retrieval and comprehension of information in medicines guidelines.

Methods
The United Kingdom’s Injectable Medicines Guide was selected as a case study. This gives guidance to nurses on preparing and administering intravenous medicines on hospital wards, in line with standard UK practice. Three rounds of user testing were completed with 10 hospital nurses per round, using the Injectable Medicines Guide for voriconazole and aminophylline. Participants used the guidelines to answer 17 questions related to the administration of these medicines. Answers were scored for “finding” and “understanding” the required information. Semistructured interviews explored participants’ opinions of guideline content, design, and wording, with responses analyzed thematically. The guidelines were revised between rounds.

Results
In round 1, 8 of 17 questions were answered correctly by all participants. Participants had difficulty with dose, dilution, administration rate, and adverse effects questions. Revisions included new subsections and increased calculation support. In round 2, 14 of 17 questions were answered correctly by all participants. Difficulty persisted with dose and administration rate questions and further revisions made. In round 3, 15 of 17 questions were answered correctly by all participants. Across all rounds, participants considered appropriate subheadings and information order as important for fast location of information. Specific, detailed, and practical instructions were perceived as important to improve understandability and usefulness.

Conclusions
Key information in medicines guidelines may not be found and/or understood by healthcare professionals. User testing increased information retrieval and comprehension and could have an important role in improving the safety of medicines use.
Role of Arterial Perfusion in Early Survival of Arterialized Venous Flaps
Authors: Wang Hongshu , Hong Sungmin , Lu Shengdi , Wu Tianyi , Chai Yimin , Wen Gen 
Published: June 2020

Background
The arterialized venous flap (AVF) is appropriate as a flap for hand and foot resurfacing meet the aesthetic demands in the same time. However, the inconsistency of survival rate limited its popularization in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role played by the caliber and location of the artery.

Methods
Arterialized venous flaps were designed on the abdomen of New Zealand rabbits, and the animals were randomized into 3 groups and 2 groups in experiment 1 and 2, respectively. In experiment 1, the artery flow was restricted with vascular staplers of different calibers. In experiment 2, the artery was anastomosed with the afferent vein in the center or at the margin of the flap. Blood perfusion state, water content, epidermal metabolite levels, and flap survival status were observed in both experiments. Furthermore, outcomes of 12 patients received AVF to resurface soft tissue defects in the digits, hands, and feet between January 2016 and February 2018 were analyzed.

Results
In experiment 1, compared with the control group, groups with restricted artery showed poor results regarding blood perfusion state, water content, epidermal metabolite levels, and flap survival status. In experiment 2, group with the afferent vein in the center of the flap showed better results mentioned previously. All the flaps survived uneventfully in this study. Two flaps partially failed (20% of the flap area) because of insufficient perfusion. Generally, larger caliber and center-located vein helped the survival of AVF.

Conclusions
Experimental findings suggested that increased arterial perfusion and center-located vein are beneficial for the survival of AVF. Clinical series proved the findings previously. The problem of inconsistency of AVF can be partially solved by increasing arterial perfusion and dissecting afferent vein into the center of flap, and still, further studies are needed to shed light on the mechanism behind.
Assessment of Opioid-Prescribing Practices in Breast Augmentation
Authors: Crystal Dustin T. , Cuccolo Nicholas G. , Plewinski Michael J. , Ibrahim Ahmed M.S. , Sinkin Jeremy C. , Lin Samuel J. , Agag Richard L. , Lee Bernard T. 
Published: June 2020

Background
The United States (US) is in the mid of an opioid epidemic propagated, in part, by prescription opioids. With excess overprescribing documented in a variety of surgical procedures, several societies have recommended opioid-prescribing guidelines. Considering the scope and postoperative pain associated with aesthetic plastic surgery procedures, earnest evaluation into opioid-prescribing practices for breast augmentation was conducted.

Methods
Members of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery were electronically surveyed on their opioid-prescribing patterns. The survey was distributed to 1709 plastic surgeons. Descriptive statistics were collated into percentages, deviations, and morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs), when appropriate.

Results
Two hundred twenty-nine American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery members (13.4%) provided responses. A total of 91.2% of respondents prescribe opioids to patients undergoing breast augmentation. The most commonly prescribed agents included oxycodone/acetaminophen (Percocet, 47.0%) and hydrocodone/acetaminophen (Vicodin, 38.3%). On average, 165.3 ± 81.7 MMEs were dispensed (range, 25.0–600.0 MMEs; number tablets, 5–60). Prescribers felt that a lack of phone-in prescribing (52.4%) and the ease of preemptively prescribing opioids (52.4%) propagate opioid overprescribing. A total of 61.3% of respondents reported that they are or may be in favor of developing plastic surgery societal guidelines related to opioid prescribing. These respondents indicated support for guidelines on opioid-sparing pain management strategies (74.2%) and guidelines identifying the type (54.7%), duration of use (69.5%), and number of opioid tablets (61.7%) necessary for procedures.

Conclusions
Considerable variability exists among prescribing patterns after breast augmentation. Societal guidelines aimed at providers and patients may serve a future role in opioid prescribing.