bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological Assessment of Wallerian Degeneration of the Rat Tibial Nerve Following Crush and Transection Injuries
Authors: Kerns James M. , Walter James S. , Patetta Michael J. , Sood Anshum , Hussain Awais K. , Chung Joyce J. , Deshpande Abhishek , DesLaurier Justin T. , Dieter Raymond A. , Siemionow Maria , Seiler Figen A. , Amirouche Farid M.L. , Gonzalez Mark H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground Wallerian degeneration (WD) following peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is an area of growing focus for pharmacological developments. Clinically, WD presents challenges in achieving full functional recovery following PNI, as prolonged denervation of distal tissues for an extended period of time can irreversibly destabilize sensory and motor targets with secondary tissue atrophy. Our objective is to improve upon histological assessments of WD.Methods Conventional methods utilize a qualitative system simply describing the presence or absence of WD in nerve fibers. We propose a three-category assessment that allows more quantification: A fibers appear normal, B fibers have moderate WD (altered axoplasm), and C fibers have extensive WD (myelin figures). Analysis was by light microscopy (LM) on semithin sections stained with toluidine blue in three rat tibial nerve lesion models (crush, partial transection, and complete transection) at 5 days postop and 5 mm distal to the injury site. The LM criteria were verified at the ultrastructural level. This early outcome measure was compared with the loss of extensor postural thrust and the absence of muscle atrophy.Results The results showed good to excellent internal consistency among counters, demonstrating a significant difference between the crush and transection lesion models. A significant decrease in fiber density in the injured nerves due to inflammation/edema was observed. The growth cones of regenerating axons were evident in the crush lesion group.Conclusion The ABC method of histological assessment is a consistent and reliable method that will be useful to quantify the effects of different interventions on the WD process.
14-3-3ζ–TRAF5 axis governs interleukin-17A signaling
Authors: McGowan Jenna , Peter Cara , Kim Joshua , Popli Sonam , Veerman Brent , Saul-McBeth Jessica , Conti Heather , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Chattopadhyay Saurabh , Chakravarti Ritu 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceBlocking IL-17A signaling is an attractive therapy in treating autoimmune diseases. Current IL-17A blockers target both signaling branches, leading to inhibition of TRAF6-based IL-6 production, and TRAF5-based CXCL-1 production. Global suppression of both branches is of concern due to the critical role IL-17A plays in the host-defense mechanisms. Our study shows that 14-3-3ζ is necessary for IL-17A–stimulated IL-6 production. We also found that 14-3-3ζ represses TRAF5-mediated suppression of IL-17A–stimulated IL-6 induction. Taken together, our results show a unique cross-talk between two branches via the 14-3-3ζ–TRAF5 axis that regulates the IL-17A signaling output. These foundational results can lead to the design of a unique inhibitor targeting a specific branch of IL-17A signaling and obtaining the desired output.
Identifying #Addiction Concerns on Twitter during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Text Mining Analysis
Authors: Glowacki Elizabeth M. , Wilcox Gary B. , Glowacki Joseph B. 
Published: September 2020

Background The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) is responsible for thousands of deaths and hospitalizations. To curb the spread of this highly transmissible disease, governments enacted protective guidelines for its citizens, including social distancing and stay-at-home orders. These restrictions on social interactions can be especially problematic for individuals managing or recovering from addiction given that treatment often involves access to services and resources that became limited or even unavailable at this time. Social media sites like Twitter serve as a space for users to post questions and concerns about timely topics and allow for researchers to track common themes among the public. The goal of this study was to identify how the public was discussing addiction on Twitter during the COVID pandemic. Methods We performed a text mining analysis to analyze tweets that contained “addiction” and “covid” to capture posts from the public that illustrated comments and concerns about addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic. We report on 3,301 tweets captured between January 31 and April 23, 2020. The study was conducted in the United States, but contained tweets from multiple countries. Results The most prevalent topics had to do with services offered by Acadia Healthcare and Serenity Healthcare Centers, attempts to manage time while home, difficulties of coping with alcoholism amidst rising sales of alcohol, and attention to ongoing health crises (e.g.,., opioids, vaping). Additional topics included affordable telehealth services, research from France on the relationship between nicotine and COVID-19, concerns about gambling addiction, and changing patterns in substance misuse as drug availability varies. Conclusions Analyzing Twitter content enables health professionals to identify the public's concerns about addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings from text mining studies addressing timely health topics can serve as preliminary analyses for building more comprehensive models, which can then be used to generate recommendations for the larger public and inform policy.
Determining the eccentricity of Mercury’s orbit from its transit
Authors: Souza J V A , Bertuola A C , Filho V S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the present work, we propose a procedure to allow undergraduate students to obtain two experimental values of the Mercury–Sun distance, using geometric compositions of photographs of Mercury’s transits at its perihelion and its aphelion. From those distances, the model also allows students to calculate the value of the eccentricity of Mercury’s orbit. Our procedure is validated against published values based on Mercury’s transits in 2006 and 2016.
A novel rare cell sorting microfluidic chip based on magnetic nanoparticle labels
Authors: Yang Mengzheng , Wu Xinyu , Li Helin , Cui Guangchao , Bai Zhongyang , Wang Lin , Kraft Michael , Liu Guozhen , Wen Lianggong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rare cell sorting with magnetic nanoparticles labels (MNPs) has been achieved by the aid of microfluidic chip, which offers an easy processing approach to sort the rare cells from a trace original sample. However, its applications have been limited in large part due to the presence of some redundant MNPs in the sorted target cells affecting the purity of sorted target cells. This paper demonstrates a novel rare cell-sorting microfluidic chip based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the MNPs. The cell-sorting system combines the mechanisms of magnetic sorting, the geometry selection and the microfluidic manoeuvre to achieve high efficient cell sorting with real-time monitoring. The device with an array of microcolums acting as a micro-sieve is capable of separating target cells, background cells and redundant MNPs simultaneously while having the target cells from the chip outlet for subsequent studies. A finite element method simulation is implemented to quantify the experimental conditions. Green fluorescent Hela cells (Hela-GFP) with different concentrations are used in the cell sorting experiments. The experimental results show the ability of this microfluidic chip to capture MNPs-labelled target cells with high capture accuracy and the maximum recovery rate up to 99.7%. The proposed approach provides an effective and reliable tool for biological and clinical researches, and paves the way to an automated rare cell sorting system.
Neutrino(antineutrino)–nucleus interactions in the shallow- and deep-inelastic scattering regions
Authors: Athar M Sajjad , Morfín Jorge G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In

ν
/

ν

̄

–nucleon/nucleus interactions shallow inelastic scattering (SIS) is technically defined in terms of the four-momentum transfer to the hadronic system as non-resonant meson production with Q
2 ⪅ 1 GeV2. This non-resonant meson production intermixes with resonant meson production in a regime of similar effective hadronic mass W of the interaction. As Q
2 grows and surpasses this ≈1 GeV2 limit, non-resonant interactions begin to take place with quarks within the nucleon indicating the start of deep inelastic scattering (DIS). To essentially separate this resonant plus non-resonant meson production from DIS quark-fragmented meson production, a cut of 2 GeV in W of the interactions is generally introduced. However, since experimentally mesons from resonance decay cannot be separated from non-resonant produced mesons, SIS for all practical purposes in this review has been defined as inclusive meson production that includes non-resonant plus resonant meson production and the interference between them. Experimentally then for W ⪅ 2 GeV inclusive meson production with W ⪆ (M

N
+ M

π
) and all Q
2 is here defined as SIS, while for W ⪆ 2 GeV, the kinematic region with Q
2 ⪆ 1 GeV2 is defined as DIS. The so defined SIS and DIS regions have received varying degrees of attention from the community. While the theoretical/phenomenological study of ν–nucleon and ν–nucleus DIS scattering is advanced, such studies of a large portion of the SIS region, particularly the SIS to DIS transition region, have hardly begun. Experimentally, the SIS and the DIS regions for ν–nucleon scattering have minimal results and only in the experimental study of the ν–nucleus DIS region are there significant results for some nuclei. Since current and future neutrino oscillation experiments have contributions from both higher W SIS and DIS kinematic regions and these regions are in need of both considerable theoretical and experimental study, this review will concentrate on these SIS to DIS transition and DIS kinematic regions surveying our knowledge and the current challenges.
Teaching physics online through spreadsheets in a pandemic situation
Authors: Iqbal Majid , Ahmed Fayzan , Iqbal Arshad , Uddin Zaheer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTeaching physics with simulations is an interactive way of teaching physics to students. In recent years, many scientists have used spreadsheets for simulating topics in physics and other fields. Excel is a piece of user-friendly spreadsheet software. In this lockdown situation, spreadsheets are good tools to teach physics experiments online through simulation. In this paper, we present two examples which are simulated on an Excel spreadsheet. The examples include simulations of image formations by spherical mirrors with a ray diagram and a demonstration of Malus’ law.
A study of the impact of x-ray tube performance on angiography system imaging efficiency
Authors: Dehairs M , Bosmans H , Marshall N W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work compared the impact of x-ray tube performance and automatic dose rate control (ADRC) parameter selection on system imaging efficiency of two Siemens angiography systems: a Siemens Megalix x-ray tube installed on an Artis Zee system (denoted ‘MEGALIX’) and a newer generation Gigalix x-ray tube installed on an Artis Q (denoted ‘GIGALIX’). A method was used that accounted for two potential sources of bias in this comparison: differences in radiation output between the x-ray tubes and differences between the x-ray detectors on the two systems. First, ADRC x-ray factors (tube voltage, tube current, pulse length, focus size, spectral prefilter) and radiation output were recorded as a function of poly(methyl) methacrylate (PMMA) thickness on the MEGALIX unit. These factors were then applied manually on the GIGALIX system and incident air kerma rate (IAKR) and signal difference to noise ratio (SDNR) were measured. Second, the ADRC on the GIGALIX system was used to give the x-ray factors and both IAKR and SDNR relevant to the GIGALIX based system directly. This method enabled the SDNR to be measured from images acquired on the same x-ray detector. SDNR and IAKR were measured on both systems using a PMMA phantom covering thicknesses from 6 cm to 40 cm. A small 0.3 mm iron insert was used to measure SDNR, which was then multiplied by modulation transfer function based weighting factors for focal spot blurring and motion blurring. These factors were evaluated for an object motion of 25 mm s−1 and at a spatial frequency of 1.4 mm−1 in the object plane, relevant to interventional cardiology, giving a spatial frequency dependent SDNR(u). In the second phase of the study, a technical figure of merit (FOM) was used to express imaging performance of both systems, calculated as SDNR2(u)/IAKR. Averaged over all phantom thicknesses, the FOM of the GIGALIX-based system was 42% and 73% higher compared to that of the MEGALIX based system, for fluoroscopy and acquisition mode respectively. The results indicate that increased x-ray tube power and smaller foci can improve overall system efficiency and reduce doses.
Depletion of atomic hydrogen in a high power helicon discharge
Authors: Cousens Samuel , Santoso Jesse , Corr Cormac S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Depletion of the ground state atomic hydrogen density has been directly measured using two-photon laser-induced fluorescence in a high-density helicon plasma. The depletion is correlated with the plasma pressure becoming increasingly higher than the neutral gas fill pressure. Spatially resolved measurements show depletion of atomic hydrogen in the centre of the discharge chamber. Temporally resolved measurements display a replenishment of atomic hydrogen in the plasma afterglow at high plasma densities in comparison to the typical two-step decay at lower plasma densities.
Using ultrathin double-layer gas-permeable capping metal to form sensitive low-power gas sensors
Authors: Madhaiyan Govindasamy , Chen Chao-Hsuan , Lin Hong-Cheu , Meng Hsin-Fei , Zan Hsiao-Wen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, we investigated a simple, sensitive, and low-powered ammonia (NH3) gas sensor using a thin bi-layered metal capped on an organic semiconductor chemoresistor to deliver a sensitive response to NH3 (ppb level) at room temperature. An optimized thin bi-layered Al/Ag metal (2 nm/10 nm) successfully forms a gas-permeable structure to realize ppb-regime gas sensing better than other single-layered thin Ag, Al, or Au (12 nm) metal electrodes. The performance of the simple metal-capped gas sensor is greatly dependent on the surface roughness of the thin metal electrodes, and the very rough thin bi-layered metal Al/Ag (2 nm/10 nm) allows high gas penetration. The optimized device exhibits more than 10% response to 100 ppb NH3 at only 0.5 V. The simple, low-cost, highly sensitive, and low-powered gas sensors are promising for Internet of things applications.
Research on dynamic thermal performance of high-power ThinGaN vertical light-emitting diodes with different submounts
Authors: Raypah Muna E , Mahmud Shahrom , Devarajan Mutharasu , AlShammari Anoud Saud 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Investigation of dynamic thermal performance is a key to improve the heat management of high-power (HP) vertical light-emitting diodes (VLEDs). Specifically, the thermal time constant is a crucial parameter for optimizing the design and reliability of HP LEDs. Herein, the dynamic thermal behavior of seven HP ThinGaN VLEDs with different constructions was demonstrated. The LEDs’ thermal parameters were measured through the thermal transient tester system by a forward voltage technique. A three-stage of multiexponential function model was applied to divide the transient response curve into three regions with different thermal properties. This study focused on analyzing the first region that involved the chip region (epitaxial layer, wafer bonding layer, and submount) and chip bonding layer. The submounts of the LEDs under consideration include silicon carbide (SiC), silicon (Si), sapphire (Al2O3), and germanium (Ge). The results revealed that with a qualified wafer bonding layer, the LED packages with SiC, Si, and Al2O3 submount presented the optimum thermal time constant, which was 85, 69, 75, and 81 ms, respectively.
Stability analysis of the optical field and spectrum characteristics inside the dual coupled microcavities
Authors: Xu Xin , Jin Xueying , Lu Yang , Gao Haoran , Cheng Jie , Yu Liandong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For improving the energy conversion efficiency from the pump to the available optical field in the microcavity, the dual coupled microcavities are proposed. Based on the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, the optical field and spectrum characteristics inside the dual coupled microcavities can be studied, and the effect of the each parameter on the field is analyzed. Simulation results indicate that the bright soliton can exist in the coupled microcavities. The weak pump causes soliton breathers, even a sinusoidal field, while the increment of the pump power leads to the multi-pulse and chaos. Additionally, the trigger pulse has an important role to excite multi-pulse field and the mixed field. The diagram of the coupled field with various frequency detuning is also demonstrated. The significant soliton generates on the condition that the frequency of the first microcavity is in a certain range of several GHz. Theoretical analysis results are significant for studying the field in the dual coupled microcavities.
Structural, optical, antibacterial analysis of Se NPs synthesized by precipitation method
Authors: Dar Mohd Arif , Mala Nazir Ahmad , Dar G N , Satheesh Kumar S , Govindarajan D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper Se NPs have been synthesised through precipitation technique by using different sorts of solvents such as sodium hydroxide, tin chloride, sodium borohydride, hydrochloric acid and citrus acid so as to consider its antibacterial activities. These Se NPs are characterised by experimental techniques such as UV-Vis spectrophotometer, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, EDX and antibacterial activities. Powder XRD analysis reveals the hexagonal phase (HCP) of Se NPs with average particle size of 27 nm. SEM and TEM reveal agglomerated spherical images with spherical shape and EDX spectra of the pure Se NPs show the peaks of pure selenium. Maximum absorption occurs in the range of 200–400 nm with an energy band gap of 3.58 eV. Presence of different functional groups liable for the production and stability of the Se NPs was confirmed by FT-IR spectrum. The antibacterial activity was achieved against two Gram-negative microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi) and two Gram-positive microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis).
Hierarchical mesoscale assembly of PbO2on 3D titanium felt/TiO2nanotubular array electrode for anodic decolourisation of RB-5 dye
Authors: Harito C , Zaidi S Z J , Bavykin D V , Martins A S , Yuliarto B , Walsh F C , de León C Ponce 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHierarchical PbO2nanoparticles (NPs) were grown by hydrothermal method on TiO2nanotubes (NTs) at 3D titanium felt, which is simple and scalable method. TiO2NTs were formed on titanium felt by anodising at 25 °C in environmentally friendly methanesulphonic acid solution. The growth of PbO2on the TiO2NTs depended on immersion time during hydrothermal synthesis and followed a LaMer-Dinegar burst kinetic model of nucleation and growth. PbO2formation began with rapid nucleation, followed by mesoscale assembly due to organic capping of poly(vinylpyrrolidinone). The electrochemical performance of 3D electrode was recorded in pH 3 sodium sulphate solutions containing Reactive Black 5 (RB-5) azo dye at 25 °C. The resulting hierarchical 3D electrode achieved 98% decolourisation after 50 min of anodic oxidation with a first order batch decay rate of 0.0875 min−1.
Molecular-scale descriptions and experimental characterizations of nitrocellulose soaked in pure liquid ethanol or diethyl ether respectively at room temperature
Authors: Liu Pingan , Sun Ruochen , Sui Penghua , Gao Song , Feng Zhichao , Zou Gaowan , Qi Hui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Studies on nitrocellulose (NC) mixtures with little solubilities were neglected in many cases previously. This investigation was performed to provide supplemental characterizations of NC and its soaked state with pure liquid ethanol or diethyl ether by simulations and practical methods. Above all, a short-chained NC model (polymerisation degree: 8) and a dried NC specimen were characterized for their substitution of nitrate and microstructure. It was confirmed that both the numerical model and practical specimen belonged to low-nitrated NC. The bonding information of a glycosyl unit and nitrate ester were summarized via first-principle calculations. Then, ReaxFF potential based Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations and soaking tests on binary organic mixtures demonstrated that both ethanol and diethyl ether had limited solubility for our specified NC. However, potential energies and diffusion coefficients of both computational models showed that the interactions from ethanol molecules were relatively stronger than diethyl ether molecules. The viscosities of saturated NC solutions also proved this consequence, as the difference between pure ether and its filtered NC solution was only 0.02 mm2 s−1. Finally, the strong volatility of diethyl ether itself could keep the wetness of NC upper surface shortly, because this was an upward volatilization effect. Due to this effect, the penetration of NC-diethyl ether mixture was higher in the early period of penetration tests.
Zinc chloride modification of sage leaves powder and its application as an adsorbent for KMnO4 removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Bani-Atta Suhair A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sage Leaves Powder was modified by 30% w/w of Zink Chloride (ZnCl2) and used as a cheap adsorbent for potassium permanganate (KMnO4) adsorption from aqueous media. The characterization of the synthesized adsorbent showed diversity in its functional groups at 1030, 1700, and 2930 cm−1. The impact of experimental conditions on the adsorption was investigated. It was found that these experimental conditions except pH have positive effects on the efficiency of this adsorbent. The initial KMnO4 concentration of 1500 mg l−1, the temperature of 60 °C and the solution pH of 1.5 were found to be the ideal conditions in this adsorption. The equilibrium data were analyzed using three isotherm models. Langmuir model was found to be the best model applied in this work. The adsorption capacities were 714.29, 769.23, 833.33 and 909.09 (mg g−1) at 30, 40, 50 and 60 (°C), respectively. The parameters of the adsorption kinetics were evaluated by three kinetic models. The kinetic results confirm that the 2nd order described well the experimental data. Thermodynamic outcomes suggest that this adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The obtained results make from this adsorbent a good option for KMnO4 removal from wastewater in terms of its low-cost and adsorption performance.
Thermal sensitive Poloxamer/Chitosan hydrogel for drug delivery in vagina
Authors: Wu Qian , Li Liang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the composite gels based on poloxamer and chitosan with different contents were prepared for thermal sensitive mucosal drug delivery. The sol-gel transition temperature and rheological viscosity of the obtained gels were detected to select the optimum candidate for vaginal drug delivery. Electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was utilized to probe the hole structure in optimum hydrogel immersing in the vaginal fluid stimulant (VFS) for different time. The drug releasing rate of ethinyloestradiol loaded by the optimum hydrogel was examined. The drug releasing results suggested that the releasing rate satisfied with the Higuchi model, while the EIS results confirmed more pores in the composite gels would be formed during the immersing process in the VFS. The results indicated that the gel with the optimum formula met the requirements of vaginal medication. This research suggested poloxamer/chitosan might be an effective type of thermal gel for drug delivery in vagina.