bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for Trauma in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Keeshin Brooks , Byrne Kara , Thorn Brian , Shepard Lindsay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Provided the high prevalence of trauma exposure in childhood as well as the risk for morbidity, this article examines evidence, a recommended approach, and key implementation factors relevant to screening for trauma in pediatric primary care.

Recent Findings
A standardized approach to trauma screening is possible, but previous attempts have relied heavily upon exposure screening and failed to guide an individualized response specific to the impact of trauma on the child and family. Trauma screening tools for pediatric primary care should be brief and inform the care response based on screening for trauma exposure, traumatic stress symptoms, functional impact, and suicidality.

Summary
Clinicians should use trauma screening to (1) identify if the child has any ongoing risk of harm and report where required; (2) determine risk of suicidality and respond appropriately; (3) assess need for evidence-based trauma treatment based on symptoms and functional impact; and (4) provide a skill or guidance targeting the most severe or pressing traumatic stress symptoms.
Die Länge spezifischer Ubiquitin-ketten beeinflusst ihre Erkennung
Authors: Lutz Joachim , Höllmüller Eva , Scheffner Martin , Marx Andreas , Stengel Florian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe attachment of differently linked ubiquitin (Ub) chains of varying length to proteins is a prevalent posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. We established an affinity enrichment approach for the identification of linkage- and length-selective ubiquitin binding proteins and could show that in addition to the linkage, the length of a Ub chain is an important determinant for Ub chain recognition.
Angewandte Elektrochemie in der Biohydrometallurgie
Authors: Tanne Christoph , Schippers Axel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiohydrometallurgy recovers metals based on bioprocess engineering. This includes bioleaching, whereby metals are extracted by microbially catalyzed dissolution of ores in a strong acidic environment. These are favorable conditions for applied electroanalysis and electrochemical engineering. Applicable for process control and improvement are either controlled or spontaneous electrochemistry. These are performed by electrolysis techniques and the establishment of galvanic interactions.
Genfunktionen effizient identifizieren mit iPool-seq
Authors: Rink Philipp , Djamei Armin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClassical gene characterisation using deletion mutants generated by homologous recombination is slow and can only be applied gene for gene. In our studies we established the iPool-seq method in the pathosystem of Ustilago maydis and Zea mays. This method uses parallel insertion sequencing to identify mutants with growth deficiencies under specific conditions. Furthermore, due to adaptability, the iPool-seqcould be capable to identify novel gene functions not only in plant-pathogen-interactions but in a broad range of organisms.
A predictive model for the wettability of chalk
Authors: Nourani Meysam , Hemmingsen Schovsbo Niels , Jahanbani Ghahfarokhi Ashkan , Møller Nielsen Carsten , Sigalas Lykourgos , Meyer Aurelien Gabriel , Olsen Dan , Stemmerik Lars 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWettability is usually measured in special core analyses of limited plug samples according to typically costly and time-consuming procedures. For comparative purposes, wettability is considered an index. The two most frequently used wettability indices are the Amott–Harvey wettability index and the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) index. The Amott–Harvey wettability index is linked to imbibition characteristics and the USBM index is associated with the area under capillary pressure curves. To provide a fast analytical method, a mathematical model for predicting the wettability of chalk is presented. The model is calibrated using experimental wettability data and subsequently applied to two wells in Danish chalk oil fields in the North Sea and to outcrop chalk samples. The model supplements traditional labor-intensive laboratory measurements and predicts water wettability variations with depth by modeling both depth and porosity dependencies; in addition, it provides estimates of the effects of the aging time and displacement temperature of chalk wettability measurements in the laboratory.
The legal consequences of jus cogens and the individuation of norms
Authors: Linderfalk Ulf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInternational law ascribes to the conferral of a jus cogens status on a norm a particular legal significance. Bluntly put, jus cogens norms have legal consequences that norms of ordinary international law do not. International lawyers have a great many different ideas of what these legal consequences are more precisely. As of yet, the reason for this divide has not been fully clarified. This void tends to confuse jus cogens discourse on several issues such as the immunity of states and state officials in judicial proceedings originating in the violation of jus cogens norms, or the extradition of alleged perpetrators of international crimes, or again the non-applicability of amnesty laws concerning such crimes. It also impedes the justification of judicial and other legal decisions.As this article argues, contrary to the general assumption, a lawyer’s conception of the legal consequences of jus cogens is not theory-neutral but dependent on his or her preferred understanding of the concept of law. The argument goes briefly as follows: (i) What causes international lawyers to disagree is the issue of whether or not jus cogens norms entail obligations concerned with their own enforcement; (ii) this is essentially an issue concerning the individuation of norms; (iii) depending on whether a lawyer takes the position of a legal positivist or a legal idealist, he or she uses different criteria for the individuation of jus cogens norms; and (iv) this is why, for legal idealists, jus cogens norms entail obligations concerned with their own enforcement, whereas for legal positivists they do not.
Effect of γ-irradiation on the structure and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide isolated from the fruiting bodies ofMorchella sextelata
Authors: Xiong Chuan , Li Ping , Luo Qiang , Yan Jinyan , Zhang Juan , Jin Xin , Huang Wenli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe molecular weight of the polysaccharide and the chemical groups it contains has an important influence on its biological activity, relatively low molecular weight polysaccharides may have better antioxidant activity. Polysaccharides isolated from the fruiting bodies of Morchella sextelata (MSP) were treated by γ-irradiation at 10, 100 and 1000 kGy doses, and the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of irradiated MSP were investigated. Microscopic observation under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that breakage and pores appeared on the surface of the irradiated polysaccharide. As the irradiation dose increased, the average molecular weight of MSP decreased significantly, while the particle size and thermal stability of MSP first increased at 10 and 100 kGy doses and then decreased at 1000 kGy doses. The antioxidant activities, measured by free radical scavenging tests and protective effect on PC12 cells injured by H2O2, were all increased after irradiation, especially when the concentration of MSP was low (50 and 100 μg/ml). Therefore, irradiation treatment was an effective method to enhance the activity of polysaccharides.
Planar hexagonal broadband near‐field antenna for UHF RFID application
Authors: Xing Zijian , Li Haotian , Wang Ling , Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond , Li Jianying , Wei Kun 
Published: September 2020

In the design of ultra‐high‐frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) near‐field antennas, realising an antenna with electrically large size, wide frequency band, and far read range has always been a challenge. To solve these problems, a planar hexagonal broadband near‐field antenna for UHF RFID applications is proposed and investigated. The antenna structure is composed of six dipoles (resembles three sets of double‐arrow structures) that are printed on the top and bottom surfaces of an FR4 substrate, forming a dual‐layer (inner and outer layers) broken hexagonal loop. The 10 dB return loss bandwidth of the proposed antenna can reach up to 20.8% (856–1055 MHz), thus able to cover the entire European Telecommunication Standards Institute and Federal Communication Commission system operating bands. Since the current distribution along the loop is kept in a single direction and the length of each dipole is ∼1/2 wavelength (λ), strong and uniform z‐component magnetic field distribution with an 18 cm read range can be obtained in the near‐field zone of the antenna. As the proposed near‐field antenna has a planar size of 175 mm × 175 mm, it is suitable for multi‐system and wide‐range RFID applications.
Modelling and simulation of novel liquid‐infiltrated PCF biosensor in Terahertz frequencies
Authors: Suhaimi Nurul Awadah Nadiah Binti , Yakasai Izaddeen Kabir , Abas Emeroylariffion , Kaijage Shubi , Begum Feroza 
Published: September 2020

The liquid‐infiltrated photonic crystal fibre (LI‐PCF) is proposed for guiding terahertz radiation. Geometrical asymmetry is achieved by introducing a large ellipse in the core. By filling the ellipse with liquid cocaine, the optical properties of the photonic crystal fibre (PCF) are theoretically examined using finite element method‐based COMSOL multiphysics software. At an operating frequency of 1 THz, the proposed LI‐PCF demonstrates a sensitivity of 87.02% and confinement loss in the order of 10−4 cm−1. The PCF also demonstrates extremely low effective material loss <0.01 cm−1, a birefringence of 0.018, large effective mode area of 1.11 × 105 µm2, a high numerical aperture of 0.45 and near‐zero ultra‐flattened chromatic dispersion of 1.4351 ± 0.5883 ps/THz/cm. The design simplicity and high sensitivity, strong confinement factor, low material losses and high birefringence of the fibre suggest that the proposed fibre may be convenient for PCF‐based cocaine sensing, for application in the security and defence industries.
Modified threshold for cluster head selection in WSN using first and second order statistics
Authors: Panda Sefali , Behera Trupti Mayee , Samal Umesh Chandra , Mohapatra Sushanta Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises of numerous sensors deployed either directly or randomly in the region of interest. Due to the limited power of the sensors, these networks are energy‐constrained and thus need efficient power utilisation. Efficient clustering and cluster head (CH) selection ensures balanced energy distribution to the sensors within the WSN and hence prolong the network lifetime. This study proposes the method for evaluating the threshold for the CH selection after each round, which increases the network lifetime and throughput significantly. The threshold for CH selection is modified considering the normalised first‐order and second‐order statistical parameters, such as mean average low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (AvgLEACH) and variance (VarLEACH) of the overall network energy. These methods have been formulated after studying the effect of the number of working nodes in each round on the threshold value selection. Apart from including energy parameter to the threshold equation, the methods of VarLEACH and AvgLEACH are augmented with a residual energy parameter that is local to the nodes and named as VarRLEACH and AvgRLEACH. The simulation results comparing all the methods suggest that the proposed method AvgRLEACH outperforms LEACH by a factor of 1.5 in delivering data to the base station and outlives the network driven by LEACH protocol by 30–40%.
Update Mammakarzinom 2020 Teil 2 – fortgeschrittenes Mammakarzinom: neue Substanzen und Einzug diagnostikabhängiger Therapien
Authors: Lüftner Diana , Schneeweiss Andreas , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Müller Volkmar , Wöckel Achim , Janni Wolfgang , Ettl Johannes , Belleville Erik , Schütz Florian , Thill Marc , Huober Jens , Fasching Peter A. , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Pöschke Patrik , Welslau Manfred , Overkamp Friedrich , Tesch Hans , Fehm Tanja N. , Lux Michael P. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungFür Patientinnen mit einem lokal fortgeschrittenen bzw. metastasierten Mammakarzinom wurden in den letzten Jahren neue und effektive Therapien wie CDK4/6-Inhibitoren, PARP-Inhibitoren und ein PD‑L1-Inhibitor eingeführt. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird ein Update zu den vorhandenen Studien mit ihrer Datenlage gegeben. Ebenso werden 2 innovative Anti-HER2-Therapien dargestellt (Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan und Tucatinib), für die die Ergebnisse aus neuen Studien berichtet worden sind. Molekulare Tests bieten die Möglichkeit, Patientinnenpopulationen zu definieren oder auch Therapieverläufe zu monitorieren. Dieses kann helfen, Patientinnen mit spezifischen Eigenschaften zu identifizieren, um diesen eine individuelle zielgerichtete Therapie im Rahmen von Studien zukommen zu lassen. In einer großen Studie konnte der Nutzen einer solchen Biomarker-Studie zum ersten Mal beschrieben werden.
Scale-Up of a Heck Alkenylation Reaction: Application to the Synthesis of an Amino-Modifier Nucleoside ‘Ruth Linker’
Authors: Kapdi Anant R. , Bhilare Shatrughn , Kori Santosh , Shet Harshita , Balaram Gundapally , Mahendar Koosam , Sanghvi Yogesh S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRuth linker is a C5 pyrimidine modified nucleoside analogue widely utilized for the incorporation of a primary amine in a synthetic oligonucleotide. The increasing demand for non-radioactive labeling, detection of biomolecules, and assembly of COVID-19 test kits has triggered a need for scale-up of Ruth linker. Herein, an efficient protocol involving a palladium-catalyzed Heck alkenylation is described. The synthesis has been optimized with a goal of low catalyst concentration, column-free isolation, high product purity, reproducibility, and shorter reaction time. The scalability and utility of the process have been demonstrated successfully on a 100 g scale (starting material). Additionally, for scale-up of the Heck alkenylation protocol, 7-phospha-1,3,5-triaza-adamantanebutane sulfonate (PTABS) as the coordinating caged phosphine ligand was also synthesized on a multigram scale after careful optimization of the conditions.
Redox-Neutral Propargylic C–H Functionalization by Using Iron Catalysis
Authors: Wang Yi-Ming , Durham Austin C. , Wang Yidong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn spite of their rich stoichiometric chemistry, cyclopentadienyliron(II) dicarbonyl complexes are rarely used as catalysts in organic synthesis. Inspired by precedents in the chemistry of cationic olefin complexes and neutral allylmetal species, our group has developed a coupling of alkynes or alkenes with aldehydes and other carbonyl electrophiles to give homopropargylic and homoallylic alcohols, respectively, by using a substituted cyclopentadienyliron(II) dicarbonyl complex as the catalyst. In this article, we first contextualize this development within the conceptual background of C–H functionalization chemistry and relative to key stoichiometric precedents. We then give an account of our group’s discovery and development of the catalytic α-functionalization of alkenes and alkynes with electrophilic reagents.IntroductionPreliminary Stoichiometric WorkHydroxyalkylation Development and ScopeConclusions and Future Directions
Early- and Late-Respiratory Outcome in Very Low Birth Weight with or without Intrauterine Inflammation
Authors: Perniciaro Simona , Casarin Jvan , Nosetti Luana , Binda Chiara , Salvatore Silvia , Ghezzi Fabio , Agosti Massimo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract• IUI is a risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth and contributes to prematurity-associated mortality and morbidity.• HCA greatly affected Apgar’s score and lung management of VLBWI at birth and later on with increased incidence of BPD.• HCA + FUN did not significantly impact on respiratory outcome.
Vaginal Birth after Two Previous Cesarean Sections versus Elective Repeated Cesarean: A Retrospective Study
Authors: De Leo Rossella , La Gamba Domenico Antonio , Manzoni Paolo , De Lorenzi Raffaella , Torresan Sonia , Franchi Massimo , Uccella Stefano 
Published: September 2020

Objective Trial of labor after cesarean delivery (TOLAC) is a common practice worldwide but the evidence is still scant regarding this practice in women who underwent 2 previous cesareans. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively review our experience with vaginal birth after two previous cesarean sections (VBA2C), with specific attention to the indications for previous cesarean and to the women's motivation for attempting trial of labor.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a primary care hospital between January 2011 and December 2019. Inclusion criteria were: singleton pregnancies, absence of morphological abnormalities at ultrasonographic screening of the second trimester (or at any other stage of pregnancy), and two previous cesarean sections.
Results The final analysis included 114 cases for maternal and neonatal outcomes. In total, 40.4% of women chose trial of labor after two cesarean delivery (TOLA2C group). TOLA2C was associated with a success rate of 76.1%, a higher gestational age at birth, and a shorter hospital stay, compared with elective repeated cesarean delivery group. There were no significant differences in the rate of Apgar scores at 5 minutes <7 between both groups. The percentage of successful TOLA2C in women with prior vaginal delivery was 92.8%. Factors related to failed TOLA2C included failure to progress (3/11, 27.3%), nonreassuring fetal heart rate (3/11, 27.3%), and no onset of spontaneous labor after premature rupture of membranes (5/11, 45.4%). In the group of TOLA2C, more than 70% accepted to travel more than 45 minutes to reach our hospital, with the aim to attempt VBA2C.
Conclusion TOLA2C is a possible option for both mothers and neonates in selected cases. Adequate counseling about pros and cons of TOLA2C is mandatory. The woman's motivation represents a key element to determine the success of VBA2C.
Key Points
Homeopathic Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: An Open, Single-Arm, Non-Comparative Study
Authors: Sharma Rashmi , Manchanda Raj K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Acne is often treated at homeopathic clinics in India based on existing literature without using any measurable parameters and the outcomes are seldom reported, hence this study.
Objective To evaluate the effects of homeopathy on the treatment of acne using specific outcome measures related to severity and disability.
Methods It is an open, single-arm, non-comparative study undertaken at a clinic located in rural India using individualised homeopathy. Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) scores and Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) scores were analysed at baseline and post medication at 3 and 6 months using one-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 to assess the outcomes of intervention.
Results Eighty-four patients enrolled in the study were analysed under modified intention to treat approach. Nat-m (n = 14), Calc-s (n = 14), Sulph (n = 13), Kali-br (n = 10) and Hep-s (n = 9) were the most frequently used remedies. Significant differences were found in the severity of the disease and quality of life (QoL) from baseline to 6 months in terms of GAGS (mean difference, 15.47; standard error [SE], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.79–17.16; p < 0.001) and CADI (mean difference, 6.94; SE, 0.33; 95% CI, 6.12–7.75; p < 0.001) scores. A one–way repeated measures ANOVA was calculated and significant effects were found for GAGS scores (Wilks's lambda = 0.142; F [2, 82] = 248.50; p < 0.001; effect size = 0.748) and CADI scores (Wilks's lambda = 0.159; F [2, 82] = 217; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.786) at baseline and 3 and 6 months post medication. There was a positive correlation between the GAGS and CADI: r = 0.585, n = 84, p < 0.001.
Conclusions Acne can be effectively treated at homeopathic clinics along with improvement in QoL of patients. Increase in severity of acne was associated with worsening of QoL. Further pragmatic studies with comparative cohort is desirable.
Different View on Tumor Size Dilemma in Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System for Thymoma
Authors: Cangir Ayten Kayı , Yenigün Bülent Mustafa , Direk Tamer , Kocaman Gokhan , Yücemen Ugurum , Kahya Yusuf , Sak Serpil Dizbay , Enön Serkan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Although tumor size is included in the definition of T descriptor in the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification of many solid tumors, it is not considered for thymomas. This study aimed to assess the relationship of tumor diameters (the largest tumor diameter [LTD] and the mean tumor diameter [MTD]) with survival in thymoma patients undergoing surgical resection in a single center.
Methods The study included 127 thymoma patients (age, 49.2 ± 15.2 years; 65 males), who were evaluated based on pathological tumor sizes according to the LTD and MTD ([largest diameter + shortest diameter] / 2) and divided into three subgroups for each parameter as: patients with an LTD of ≤5 cm, 5.1 to 10 cm, and >10 cm and patients with an MTD of ≤5, 5.1 to 10, and >10 cm.
Results In thymoma patients, survival significantly differed according to the presence of myasthenia gravis (p = 0.018), resection status (R0 or R1; p = 0.001), T status (p = 0.015), and the Masaoka–Koga stage (p = 0.003). In the LTD subgroups, the overall survival of those with R0 resection was lower in those with an LTD of 5.1 to 10 cm than in those with an LTD of ≤5 cm (p = 0.051) and significantly lower in those with an MTD of 5.1 to 10 cm than in those with an MTD of ≤5 cm (p = 0.027). In the MTD subgroups, survival decreased as the tumor size increased.
Conclusion Both smaller tumor size and complete resection are associated with better survival in thymoma patients. Therefore, the largest or the mean tumor size might be considered as a criterion in the TNM staging for thymoma.