bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High moon brightness and low ambient temperatures affect sloth predation by harpy eagles
Authors: Miranda Everton B.P. de , Kenup Caio F. , Campbell-Thompson Edwin , Vargas Felix H. , Muela Angel , Watson Richard , Peres Carlos A. , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Climate plays a key role in the life histories of tropical vertebrates. However, tropical forests are only weakly seasonal compared with temperate and boreal regions. For species with limited ability to control core body temperature, even mild climatic variation can determine major behavioural outcomes, such as foraging and predator avoidance. In tropical forests, sloths are the arboreal vertebrate attaining the greatest biomass density, but their capacity to regulate body temperature is limited, relying on behavioural adaptations to thermoregulate. Sloths are largely or strictly nocturnal, and depend on crypsis to avoid predation. The harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja) is a sloth-specialist and exerts strong top-down control over its prey species. Yet the role of environmental variables on the regulation of predator–prey interactions between sloths and harpy eagles are unknown. The harpy eagle is considered Near Threatened. This motivated a comprehensive eﬀort to reintroduce this species into parts of Mesoamerica. This eﬀort incidentally enabled us to understand the prey profile of harpy eagles over multiple seasons.

Methods
Our study was conducted between 2003 and 2009 at Soberanía National Park, Panamá. Telemetered harpy eagles were seen hunting and feeding on individual prey species. For each predation event, field assistants systematically recorded the species killed. We analysed the effects of climatic conditions and vegetation phenology on the prey species profile of harpy eagles using generalised linear mixed models.

Results
Here we show that sloth predation by harpy eagles was negatively aﬀected by nocturnal ambient light (i.e. bright moonshine) and positively aﬀected by seasonally cool temperatures. We suggest that the first ensured low detectability conditions for sloths foraging at night and the second posed a thermally unsuitable climate that forced sloths to forage under riskier daylight. We showed that even moderate seasonal variation in temperature can influence the relationship between a keystone tropical forest predator and a dominant prey item. Therefore, predator–prey ecology in the tropics can be modulated by subtle changes in environmental conditions. The seasonal eﬀects shown here suggest important demographic consequences for sloths, which are under top-down regulation from harpy eagle predation, perhaps limiting their geographic distribution at higher latitudes.
Association analysis between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and polymorphisms in circadian genes
Authors: Chen Guo , Zhang Jingwei , Zhang Lijuan , Xiong Xuan , Yu Dongke , Zhang Yuan 
Published: August 2020

Background
Circadian genes have been suggested to play an important role in lung pathology. However, it remains unknown whether polymorphisms of these genes are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we aimed to investigate the association of circadian genes polymorphisms with COPD in a case-control study of 477 COPD patient and 323 control Han Chinese persons.

Methods
Genotyping assays were carried out for nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from five circadian genes (PER3, CLOCK, RORB, BMAL1 and CRY2) that were previously identified in lung pathology. Age, sex, BMI and smoking status and comorbidities were recorded for all subjects.

Results
No significant association was found in all SNP sites in overall subjects and no significant difference was found in age, sex, smoking status stratification analysis.

Discussion
The findings of this investigation indicated the effect of circadian genes polymorphisms on COPD susceptibility may only be small and possibly dependent on the subject factors, such as age and sex.
Upregulation of CIP2A in estrogen depletion‐resistant breast cancer cells treated with low‐dose everolimus
Authors: Nishio Eiji , Hayashi Takanori , Akaza Mao , Hisatomi Yukiko , Hikichi Masahiro , Fujii Takuma , Utsumi Toshiaki , Harada Nobuhiro , Shimono Yohei 
Published: August 2020

Everolimus (EVE), an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin, is an emerging second‐line therapeutic option for hormone therapy‐resistant breast cancers. However, some patients do not respond to EVE, whereas in others it exacerbates the disease. Cellular inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is a human oncoprotein that can promote cancer cell growth and apoptosis resistance. Although CIP2A is upregulated in hormone‐related cancers, such as breast cancer, little is known about potential anti‐tumor effects of downregulating CIP2A. As a model to study the resistance of breast cancer cells to hormone treatment, we previously established clones of long‐term estrogen depletion‐resistant MCF‐7 (LTED) cells. Here, we selected three clones highly responsive to EVE and three clones poorly responsive to EVE. When cells were treated with EVE, CIP2A mRNA expression was decreased in highly responsive EVE clones (DC‐cells) whereas it was increased in poorly responsive EVE clones (IC‐cells). Using Kaplan–Meier survival plots, we report that high expression of CIP2A was associated with significantly reduced overall survival in patients with luminal A breast cancer. In IC‐cells, cell growth was enhanced upon EVE treatment whereas an EVE range of 0.1–100 nm decreased growth in DC‐cells. The mRNA expression of genes involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) such as CDH1, CLDN3, and CK19 was significantly decreased in IC‐cells, but remained unchanged in DC‐cells. These findings highlight a relationship between CIP2A and EMT in the intrinsic resistance of hormone therapy‐resistant breast cancers to EVE.
Neurological manifestations of coronavirus infections – a systematic review
Authors: Almqvist Jesper , Granberg Tobias , Tzortzakakis Antonios , Klironomos Stefanos , Kollia Evangelia , Öhberg Claes , Martin Roland , Piehl Fredrik , Ouellette Russell , Ineichen Benjamin V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo optimize diagnostic workup of the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic, we systematically reviewed neurological and neuroradiological manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 and all other known human coronavirus species (HCoV). Which lessons can we learn? We identified relevant publications (until 26 July 2020) using systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, and Ovid EMBASE with predefined search strings. A total of 4571 unique publications were retrieved, out of which 378 publications were selected for in‐depth analysis by two raters, including a total of 17549 (out of which were 14418 SARS‐CoV‐2) patients. Neurological complications and associated neuroradiological manifestations are prevalent for all HCoVs (HCoV‐229E, HKU1, NL63, OC43, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)‐CoV, SARS‐CoV‐1, and SARS‐CoV‐2). Moreover there are similarities in symptomatology across different HCoVs, particularly between SARS‐CoV‐1 and SARS‐CoV‐2. Common neurological manifestations include fatigue, headache, and smell/taste disorders. Additionally, clinicians need to be attentive for at least five classes of neurological complications: (1) Cerebrovascular disorders including ischemic stroke and macro/micro‐hemorrhages, (2) encephalopathies, (3) para‐/postinfectious immune‐mediated complications such as Guillain‐Barré syndrome and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, (4) (meningo‐)encephalitis, potentially with concomitant seizures, and (5) neuropsychiatric complications such as psychosis and mood disorders. Our systematic review highlights the need for vigilance regarding neurological complications in patients infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 and other HCoVs, especially since some complications may result in chronic disability. Neuroimaging protocols should be designed to specifically screen for these complications. Therefore, we propose practical imaging guidelines to facilitate the diagnostic workup and monitoring of patients infected with HCoVs.
Site‐Specific MicroRNA‐33 Antagonism by pH‐Responsive Nanotherapies for Treatment of Atherosclerosis via Regulating Cholesterol Efflux and Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Li Chenwen , Dou Yin , Chen Yidan , Qi Yuantong , Li Lanlan , Han Songling , Jin Taotao , Guo Jiawei , Chen Jianhong , Zhang Jianxiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAtherosclerosis remains the leading cause of a broad spectrum of deadliest cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNA‐33 is a new therapeutic target for atherosclerosis due to its diverse functions. However, it remains a great challenge in clinical translation of nucleic acid‐based microRNA‐targeting therapeutics. Considering lesional acidosis, herein cyclodextrin‐derived pH‐responsive and integrin‐targeting nanoparticles containing an antisense oligonucleotide against microRNA‐33 (anti‐miR33) are engineered for precision therapy of atherosclerosis. A desirable anti‐miR33 nanotherapy (AAM NP) is initially developed by screening carrier materials. AAM NP is further decorated with a peptide ligand cRGDfK for integrin to afford an active targeting nanotherapy RAAM NP, to achieve more effective delivery of anti‐miR33 to plaques and target cells. Both nanotherapies can be efficiently internalized by different cells relevant to atherosclerosis. After intravenous delivery, AAM NP passively accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques and related cells in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice. Correspondingly, AAM NP treatment significantly attenuates atherosclerosis in mice and notably reduces vulnerable plaques. Decoration with cRGDfK considerably enhances the targeting capability and therapeutic effects of RAAM NP. Mechanistically, anti‐miR33 nanotherapies significantly promote reverse cholesterol transport and notably regulate adaptive immunity via modulating macrophage polarization and regulatory T cell differentiation. Consequently, the pH‐responsive anti‐miR33 nanotherapies are promising for targeted treatment of atherosclerosis.
Highly Tunable Ferroelectricity in Hybrid Improper Ferroelectric Sr3Sn2O7
Authors: Xu Xianghan , Wang Yazhong , Huang Fei‐Ting , Du Kai , Nowadnick Elizabeth A. , Cheong Sang‐Wook 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe successful theoretical prediction and experimental demonstration of hybrid improper ferroelectricity (HIF) provides a new pathway to couple octahedral rotations, ferroelectricity, and magnetism in complex materials. To enable technological applications, an HIF with a small coercive field is desirable. Sr3Sn2O7 single crystals are successfully grown, and it is discovered that they exhibit the smallest electric coercive field at room temperature among all known HIFs. Furthermore, it is demonstated that a small external stress can repeatedly erase and re‐generate ferroelastic domains. In addition, using in‐plane piezo‐response force microscopy, abundant charged and neutral domain walls are charaterized. The observed small electrical and mechanical coercive field values are in accordance with the results of the first‐principles calculations on Sr3Sn2O7, which show low energy barriers for both 90° and 180° polarization switching compared to those in other experimentally demonstrated HIFs. The findings represent an advancement towards the possible technological implemetation of functional HIFs.
Gas Foaming Guided Fabrication of 3D Porous Plasmonic Nanoplatform with Broadband Absorption, Tunable Shape, Excellent Stability, and High Photothermal Efficiency for Solar Water Purification
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Ruijuan , Yuan Di , Xu Suying , Wang Leyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSolar steam generation is an efficient way for water purification. However, it is still challenging to establish a steam generation system possessing high evaporation efficiency under natural sunlight condition with good durability. Herein a novel, free‐floating nanoplatform is constructed by a gas foaming strategy, embedding plasmonic Cu7S4‐MoS2‐Au nanoparticles (CMA NPs) in porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The gas diffusion process creates 3D porous PDMS matrix with low thermal conductivity and open channels, which allows for efficient energy confinement and fast water supply in an integral matrix, beneficial to mechanical strength of the system. By taking advantage of broadband absorption and high photothermal efficiency of CMA NPs and structural design of the matrix, the nanoplatform achieves a high evaporation rate (3.824 kg m−2 h−1) and photothermal conversion efficiency (96.6%) under one‐sun illumination (1 kW m−2). Moreover, such performance maintains stable even under harsh conditions in the presence of strong acid, strong base, strong oxidants, and high salinity, suggesting a broad prospect in seawater desalination, sewage treatment, sterilization and so on.
Comparison of Ionic Liquids and Chemical Permeation Enhancers for Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Qi Qin M. , Duffy Miya , Curreri Alex M. , Balkaran Joel P. R. , Tanner Eden E. L. , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTransdermal delivery offers a patient‐friendly method of drug administration. An ideal formulation for transdermal drug delivery should have high potency to enhance skin permeation and low tendency to induce skin irritation. Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently been proposed to serve as an excellent platform to enable transdermal delivery of various therapeutics including proteins and siRNA. In spite of their success, general safety‐efficacy behavior of ILs/DESs is not reported. Using safety and efficacy as two design criteria, a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy study is conducted to compare the performance of 31 ammonium‐based ILs/DESs and 44 conventional chemical permeation enhancer (CPE) molecules. FTIR analysis of skin stratum corneum exposed to ILs/DESs and CPEs is performed to extract features indicative of their safety and efficacy. ILs/DESs, as a class, outperformed conventional CPEs in terms of both potency and safety. Analysis of ILs/DESs and CPEs based on Hansen solubility parameters indicates that ILs/DESs possess solubility parameters close to those of skin, which may explain their superiority over CPEs. These studies support ILs/DESs as promising materials for novel drug delivery systems.
TGase‐Enhanced Microtissue Assembly in 3D‐Printed‐Template‐Scaffold (3D‐MAPS) for Large Tissue Defect Reparation
Authors: Yu Hongsheng , You Zhifeng , Yan Xiaojun , Liu Wei , Nan Zhirui , Xing Dan , Huang Chenyu , Du Yanan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEngineering large and functional tissue constructs with complex structures (e.g., external ear or nose) for reparation and reconstruction of tissue defects remains one of the major challenges in regenerative medicine, which demands abundant cell sources, advanced biofabrication schemes, and satisfactory integration with the host for long‐term efficacy post implantation. Here the ‘Microtissue Assembly in 3D‐Printed‐template‐Scaffold’ (3D‐MAPS), as a platform technology to rapidly fabricate centimeter‐sized functional tissue constructs with complex structures, is developed. 3D‐MAPS facilitates bottom‐up assembly of large‐scale manufactured microtissues within the 3D‐printed hollow polymeric templates with pre‐defined architectures. The assembly and fusion of 2×106mesenchymal stem cell–based microtissues within the defined 3D‐printed template is further enhanced by addition of a natural protein crosslinker (i.e., transglutaminase (TGase)), and thereby achieves construction of centimeter‐sized tissue with high cell viability and mechanical stability in vitro within 30 min. Further in vivo implantation of the 3D‐MAPS‐fabricated ear‐like tissue construct in rabbit models assisted by flap prefabrication technique results in increased structural vascular support and strengthened functional survival. Thus, the TGase‐enhanced 3D‐MAPS demonstrates its potential and feasibility as a powerful biofabrication platform for tissue engineering application.
Stretch‐Healable Molecular Nanofibers
Authors: Han Yanxiao , Langer Michal , Medved’ Miroslav , Otyepka Michal , Král Petr 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUltrastretchable nanofibers formed by covalently linked molecular flakes are introduced. Molecular dynamics simulations show that mixed coronene and perfluorocoronene molecular flakes in aqueous solutions form linear stacks having predominantly an alternating pattern. When such molecular flakes are covalently connected by short flexible molecular linkers into chains of various organizations, they can form stretchable and healable fibers with parameters dependent on humidity.
Combining Battery‐Type and Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage in Ag/Ti3C2Tx MXene Electrode for Capturing Chloride Ions with High Capacitance and Fast Ion Transport
Authors: Liang Mingxing , Wang Lei , Presser Volker , Dai Xiaohu , Yu Fei , Ma Jie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe recent advances in chloride‐ion capturing electrodes for capacitive deionization (CDI) are limited by the capacity, rate, and stability of desalination. This work introduces Ti3C2Tx/Ag synthesized via a facile oxidation‐reduction method and then uses it as an anode for chloride‐ion capture in CDI. Silver nanoparticles are formed successfully and uniformly distributed with the layered‐structure of Ti3C2Tx. All Ti3C2Tx/Ag samples are hydrophilic, which is beneficial for water desalination. Ti3C2Tx/Ag samples with a low charge transfer resistance exhibit both pseudocapacitive and battery behaviors. Herein, the Ti3C2Tx/Ag electrode with a reaction time of 3 h exhibits excellent desalination performance with a capacity of 135 mg Cl− g−1 at 20 mA g−1 in a 10 × 10−3 m NaCl solution. Furthermore, low energy consumption of 0.42 kWh kg−1 Cl− and a desalination rate of 1.5 mg Cl− g−1 min−1 at 50 mA g−1 is achieved. The Ti3C2Tx/Ag system exhibits fast rate capability, high desalination capacity, low energy consumption, and excellent cyclability, which can be ascribed to the synergistic effect between the battery and pseudocapacitive behaviors of the Ti3C2Tx/Ag hybrid material. This work provides fundamental insight into the coupling of battery and pseudocapacitive behaviors during Cl− capture for electrochemical desalination.
Microscopic Chromosomal Structural and Dynamical Origin of Cell Differentiation and Reprogramming
Authors: Chu Xiakun , Wang Jin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs an essential and fundamental process of life, cell development involves large‐scale reorganization of the 3D genome architecture, which forms the basis of gene regulation. Here, a landscape‐switching model is developed to explore the microscopic chromosomal structural origin of embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming. It is shown that chromosome structure exhibits significant compartment‐switching in the unit of topologically associating domain. It is found that the chromosome during differentiation undergoes monotonic compaction with spatial repositioning of active and inactive chromosomal loci toward the chromosome surface and interior, respectively. In contrast, an overexpanded chromosome, which exhibits universal localization of loci at the chromosomal surface with erasing the structural characteristics formed in the somatic cells, is observed during reprogramming. An early distinct differentiation pathway from the ESC to the terminally differentiated cell, giving rise to early bifurcation on the Waddington landscape for the ESC differentiation is suggested. The theoretical model herein including the non‐equilibrium effects, draws a picture of the highly irreversible cell differentiation and reprogramming processes, in line with the experiments. The predictions provide a physical understanding of cell differentiation and reprogramming from the chromosomal structural and dynamical perspective and can be tested by future experiments.
An early (pre‐1500 BP) fishhook assemblage from Ofu and Olosega islands, Manu‘a Group, American Samoa: implications for technological evolution and cultural interaction
Authors: QUINTUS SETH , CLARK JEFFREY T. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTMarine resources are integral to the subsistence of coastal populations in Oceania and have been since the islands were first settled. While items of fishing gear, most notably fishhooks, are found throughout the Pacific, they are not as common as one might think. Fishhooks are in fact noticeably uncommon in the Central Pacific, for example. Consequently, the various types of analyses of fishhook morphology, particularly the types of line attachment devices, that have been carried out on East Polynesian assemblages have not been possible for West Polynesian sites. Using a large collection of fishhooks from three sites on Ofu and Olosega islands in the Manu‘a Group of American Samoa, we present a detailed analysis of a large combined assemblage and compare the data collected to those from other islands and island groups in the region. We show that the hooks reflect exploitation emphasising inshore environments, and that angling as a fish capture method is likely to vary in intensity based on local environmental variability. Moreover, we illustrate how these fishhooks constitute a means of assessing both early cultural contacts and cultural variability in the Central Pacific.
Highly efficient detection of Cu2+and B4O72−based on a recyclable asymmetric salamo‐based probe in aqueous medium
Authors: Xu Xin , Li Ya‐Juan , Feng Tao , Dong Wen‐Kui , Ding Yu‐Jie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn asymmetric salamo‐based probe molecule (H2L) was synthesized and characterized structurally. When DMF/H2O (9:1) was used as the solvent, it was shown probeH2Lhas high sensitivity to Cu2+. Using high‐resolution mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation, it was found that probeH2Lcould form a more stable complex (1:1) with Cu2+, the minimum limit of detection (LOD) ofH2Lfor Cu2+was calculated as 9.95 × 10−8M. In addition, probeH2Lcould also be used to identify B4O72−under the same detection conditions and the minimum LOD ofH2Lfor B4O72−was calculated as 4.98 × 10−7M. At the same time, density functional theory theoretical calculation further proved the flexibility of probeH2L. Through the action of EDTA, probeH2Lhad a cyclic ability to recognize Cu2+, and showed a better response in the physiological pH range; probeH2Lhad the characteristics of fast recognition speed and high efficiency. In addition, with probeH2Ltest paper for Cu2+and B4O72−, the effect was more obvious. Meanwhile, probeH2Lcan be used to quantitatively detect Cu2+in water samples.