bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole brain apparent diffusion coefficient measurements correlate with survival in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Rulseh Aaron Michael , Vymazal Josef 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, and methods to improve the early detection of disease progression and evaluate treatment response are highly desirable. We therefore explored changes in whole-brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values with respect to survival (progression-free [PFS], overall [OS]) in a cohort of GBM patients followed at regular intervals until disease progression.

Methods
A total of 43 subjects met inclusion criteria and were analyzed retrospectively. Histogram data were extracted from standardized whole-brain ADC maps including skewness, kurtosis, entropy, median, mode, 15th percentile (p15) and 85th percentile (p85) values, and linear regression slopes (metrics versus time) were fitted. Regression slope directionality (positive/negative) was subjected to univariate Cox regression. The final model was determined by aLASSO on metrics above threshold.

Results
Skewness, kurtosis, median, p15 and p85 were all below threshold for both PFS and OS and were analyzed further. Median regression slope directionality best modeled PFS (p = 0.001; HR 3.3; 95% CI 1.6–6.7), while p85 was selected for OS (p = 0.002; HR 0.29; 95% CI 0.13–0.64).

Conclusions
Our data show tantalizing potential in the use of whole-brain ADC measurements in the follow up of GBM patients, specifically serial median ADC values which correlated with PFS, and serial p85 values which correlated with OS. Whole-brain ADC measurements are fast and easy to perform, and free of ROI-placement bias.
Forschungsräume öffnen und das Soziale gestalten
Authors: Anastasiadis Maria , Wrentschur Michael 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren vermehrte sich der Einsatz partizipativer Forschungsstrategien in unterschiedlichen Disziplinen. Dies kann zum einen auf die Etablierung eines stärker anwendungsbezogenen Forschungsverständnisses zurückgeführt werden, zum anderen auf steigende gesellschaftliche Problemlagen, die einen emanzipatorischen, auf Veränderung abzielenden Forschungszugang begründen. Da Partizipation ein grundlegendes Handlungsprinzip in zahlreichen fachlichen Orientierungen der Sozialen Arbeit ist, ist insbesondere hier eine Zunahme an partizipativer Forschung zu verzeichnen. Diesen Trend aufgreifend geht dieser Beitrag der Frage nach, wie partizipative Forschung in der Sozialen Arbeit genutzt wird, um in der Verbindung von Forschung und Praxis verändernd in gesellschaftliche Zusammenhänge einzugreifen. Dazu werden einführend Entwicklungslinien dieser Forschungsstrategie nachgezeichnet und ihre Aktualität insbesondere für eine kritisch agierende Soziale Arbeit bestimmt und an manchen Stellen kritisch reflektiert bzw. befragt. Im Anschluss werden auf Basis umfassender theoretischer und die Forschungspraxis reflektierender Arbeiten die Grundintentionen von partizipativer Forschung geklärt, Realisierungsbedingungen destilliert und Fragen der Güte sowie der Forschungsethik diskutiert. Abschließend wird Rancieres Metapher von Forschung als „Polizei“ und „Politik“ aufgegriffen, um den gestaltenden Gehalt von partizipativer Forschung nochmals zu verdeutlichen und deren Relevanz für gegenwärtige Herausforderungen der Sozialen Arbeit zu betonen.
Forumtheater als Werkzeug szenisch-partizipativer Forschung in der Sozialen Arbeit. Verfahrensweisen, Projektbeispiele und methodische Reflexionen
Authors: Wrentschur Michael 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungForumtheater ist eine interaktive Theaterform des „Theaters der Unterdrückten“, die in vielerlei Hinsicht zu einem Werkzeug partizipativer Forschung in der Sozialen Arbeit werden kann: Dies betrifft die Einbeziehung von Adressat_innen in die Gestaltungs- und Forschungsprozesse ebenso wie die aktive Beteiligung des Publikums bei Aufführungen und schließlich den Transfer der Ergebnisse in soziale und politische Räume. Ausgehend von grundlegenden methodologischen Überlegungen zu szenischen Forschungsprozessen werden Methodik und Verfahrensweisen des Forumtheaters vorgestellt, mit Projektbeispielen aus Handlungs- und Problemfeldern Sozialer Arbeit illustriert sowie methodisch reflektiert. Diskutiert wird die Frage, welche Ansprüche partizipativer Forschung mit dem Forumtheater realisiert und welche Bezüge zu einer performativen Ethnografie und kritisch-lebensweltorientierten Adressat_innenforschung in der Sozialen Arbeit hergestellt werden können.
Aldehydes as Wort Off-Flavours in Alcohol-Free Beers—Origin and Control
Authors: Gernat D. C. , Brouwer E. , Ottens M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough present in concentrations in microgrammes per litre level, aldehydes, in particular those derived from Strecker degradation, are known to majorly contribute to the undesired wort flavour of alcohol-free beers. In order to improve currently available products, one needs to understand the underlying cause for the over-prevalence and identify leverage points and methods to selectively reduce the aldehydes in alcohol-free beers. This work gives a short overview on relevant flavour-active wort flavours identified in alcohol-free beer and on their involved chemical formation pathways. Consequently, aldehyde removal technologies in general and in brewing industry are presented. Adsorptive removal of off-flavours by aldehyde-scavenging groups is already widely exploited in the packaging industry and may achieve reduction of these components to near depletion, depending on the process conditions. Its principles are adaptable to recovering off-flavours before filling. Also, supercritical CO2extraction has been successfully applied to separate flavours from food matrices. In brewing, the focus has been set to biologic conversion by restricted fermentation steps, but the reduction of key components of more than 70% is not achieved. Newer developments focus on thermal separation techniques that not only include non-specific physical dealcoholisation but also more selective technologies such as pervaporation, where aldehydes are reduced to near depletion. However, for most unit operations, selectivity and capacity are not yet investigated. Future research should explore the shortcomings of current techniques and overcome bottlenecks either by developing more specific methods for aldehyde removal and/or a clever combination of unit operations to optimise the separation and process integration.
Antimicrobial resistance in chronic liver disease
Authors: Patel Vishal C. , Williams Roger 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHigh levels of antimicrobial drug resistance deleteriously affecting the outcome of treatment with antibacterial agents are causing increasing concern worldwide. This is particularly worrying in patients with cirrhosis with a depressed immune system and heightened susceptibility to infection. Antibiotics have to be started early before results of microbiological culture are available. Current guidelines for the empirical choice of antibiotics in this situation are not very helpful, and embracing antimicrobial stewardship including rapid de-escalation of therapy are not sufficiently emphasised. Multi-drug resistant organism rates to quinolone drugs of up to 40% are recorded in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis on prophylactic antibiotics, leading to a break-through recurrence of intra-peritoneal infection. Also considered in this review is the value of rifaximin-α, non-selective beta-blockers, and concerns around proton pump inhibitor drug use. Fecal microbial transplantation and other gut-targeting therapies in lessening gut bacterial translocation are a promising approach, and new molecular techniques for determining bacterial sensitivity will allow more specific targeted therapy.
Local determinants influencing stream water quality
Authors: Hamid Aadil , Bhat Sami Ullah , Jehangir Arshid 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is important to have reliable information on various natural and anthropogenic factors responsible for influencing and shaping stream water quality parameters as long as water resource conservation and management planning are concerned from the local to global scale. Daunting environmental pressures at multiple scales makes this necessity more pronounced owing to the special role of stream ecosystems in providing regional services. Understanding how coupled effect of natural and anthropogenic factors controls stream water quality parameters and how the relationships change over space and time will help policy makers and resource managers to target appropriate scales at watershed level for the quality management of stream waters. This paper sums up the information on various natural and anthropocentric factors as major determinants responsible for conditioning and shaping stream water quality parameters and their simultaneous influence on biota and its use.
Bamboo, climate change and forest use: A critical combination for southwestern Amazonian forests?
Authors: Ferreira Evandro , Kalliola Risto , Ruokolainen Kalle 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAbout 160 000 km2 of forests in the border zone between Brazil and Peru are dominated by semi-scandent bamboos (Guadua spp.). We argue that both predicted decreased precipitation during the dry season and widespread anthropogenic disturbances will significantly increase the distribution and biomass of bamboos in the area. Seasonal dryness favours the growth of evergreen bamboos in relation to trees that shed their leaves during the dry season. Disturbance can be beneficial for the bamboo because, as a clonal plant, it is often able to recover more rapidly than trees. It also withstands dry season better than many trees. The bamboo life cycle ends in a mass mortality event every 28 years, producing potential fuel for a forest fire. Presently, natural forest fires hardly exist in the area. However, in the projected future climate with more pronounced dry season and with increased fuel load after bamboo die-off events the forests may start to catch fire that has escaped from inhabited areas or even started naturally. Fires can kill trees, thus further increasing the fuel load of the forest. As a result, the landscape may start to convert to a savanna ecosystem.
A Systematic Review of the Effect of Retail Food Environment Interventions on Diet and Health with a Focus on the Enabling Role of Public Policies
Authors: Mah Catherine L. , Luongo Gabriella , Hasdell Rebecca , Taylor Nathan G. A. , Lo Brian K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurpose of ReviewUpdate the state of evidence on the effectiveness of retail food environment interventions in influencing diet and explore the underlying role of public policy, through a systematic review of population-level interventions to promote health in the retail food environment, including community and consumer environments. Diet-related outcomes included purchasing, dietary intakes, diet quality, and health including weight. We coded studies for enabling public policy levers underpinning the intervention, using two widely used conceptual frameworks.Recent FindingsOf 86 articles (1974–2018), the majority (58 articles, 67%) showed at least one positive effect on diet. Thirteen articles (15%) discussed natural experiments, 27 articles (31%) used a design involving comparison groups including 23 articles (27%) specifically describing randomized controlled trials, and 46 (53%) were quasi-experimental (cross-sectional) evaluations. Across the “4Ps” of marketing (product, promotion, placement, and price), promotion comprised the greatest proportion of intervention strategies, especially in earlier literature (pre-2008). Few studies combined geographic access interventions with 4P strategies, and few used robust dietary intake assessments. Behavior change communication remains an intervention mainstay, but recent work has also incorporated environmental and social planning, and fiscal strategies. More recent interventions were multi-component.SummaryThe retail food environment intervention literature continues to grow and has become more robust overall, with clearer evidence of the effect of interventions on diet-related outcomes, including consumer purchasing, dietary intakes, and health. There is still much scope for development in the field. Attention to enabling public policy could help to strengthen intervention implementation and evaluation in the retail food environment.
HIGH ORDER PARACONTROLLED CALCULUS
Authors: BAILLEUL ISMAËL , BERNICOT FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: December 2019

We develop in this work a general version of paracontrolled calculus that allows to treat analytically within this paradigm a whole class of singular partial differential equations with the same efficiency as regularity structures. This work deals with the analytic side of the story and offers a toolkit for the study of such equations, under the form of a number of continuity results for some operators, while emphasizing the simple and systematic mechanics of computations within paracontrolled calculus, via the introduction of two model operations$\mathsf{E}$and $\mathsf{F}$. We illustrate the efficiency of this elementary approach on the example of the generalized parabolic Anderson model equation$$\begin{eqnarray}(\unicode[STIX]{x2202}_{t}+L)u=f(u)\unicode[STIX]{x1D701},\end{eqnarray}$$on a 3-dimensional closed manifold, and the generalized KPZ equation$$\begin{eqnarray}(\unicode[STIX]{x2202}_{t}+L)u=f(u)\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}+g(u)(\unicode[STIX]{x2202}u)^{2},\end{eqnarray}$$driven by a$(1+1)$-dimensional space/time white noise.
Does the isomorphic implementation of the tqm philosophy effectively lead to the simultaneous attainment of legitimacy and efficiency targets?
Authors: Carmona-Márquez Francisco J. , Leal-Rodríguez Antonio L. , Leal-Millán Antonio G. , Vázquez-Sánchez Adolfo E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDrawing on the new institutional theory and the resources based view of the firm (RBV), this study tries to shed light upon the idea that isomorphic organizational changes seek legitimacy over efficiency. Using data from 102 Spanish companies and employing partial least squares, a variance-based structural equation modeling technique, this study concludes that both objectives are achievable simultaneously when firms implement total quality management (TQM) as an integrative stream of both theories. Furthermore, empirical results reveal that: (i) institutional pressures (IP) condition significantly the implementation of TQM, (ii) TQM exerts a double mediating role in the IP-legitimacy and IP-efficiency relationships, and (iii) both efficiency and legitimacy objectives are achieved by means of TQM. However, we observe a dual phenomenon: (i) while we find a significant positive effect of TQM on overall performance (OP) via efficiency and (ii) we failed to find support for the TQM-OP link via legitimacy.
A double-edged sword: when does identity threat affect unethical behavior?
Authors: Zhou Jinyi , Dou Jifang , Wang Xiaoye (May) 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough individuals have different kinds of defensive strategies towards identity threat, the relationship between identity threat and unethical behavior is still unclear. In the current study, according to identity threat and self-affirmation theory, we propose and test the role of publicness of identity threat in determining whether identity threat will lead to unethical behavior. One online experiment with 197 participants (mixed design) and one laboratory experiment with 86 participants (between-subject design) are used to test our hypotheses. Our findings reveal that when individuals' identity threat is from the public sphere, it will increase their unethical behavior, but when such a threat is from the private sphere, it will reduce their unethical behavior. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
On supercritical nonlinear Schrödinger equations with ellipse-shaped potentials
Authors: Yang Jianfu , Yang Jinge 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence and concentration of normalized solutions to the supercritical nonlinear Schrödinger equation
\[ \left\{\begin{array}{@{}ll} -\Delta u + V(x) u = \mu_q u + a \vert u \vert ^q u & {\rm in}\ \mathbb{R}^2,\\ \int_{\mathbb{R}^2} \vert u \vert ^2\,{\rm d}x =1, & \end{array} \right.\]where μq is the Lagrange multiplier. For ellipse-shaped potentials V(x), we show that for q > 2 close to 2, the equation admits an excited solution uq, and furthermore, we study the limiting behaviour of uq when q → 2+. Particularly, we describe precisely the blow-up formation of the excited state uq.
CHRONOscope: Application for the Interactive Visualization of Carbon-14 and Beryllium-10 Atmospheric data
Authors: Neocleous Andreas , Kuitems Margot , Scifo Andrea , Dee Michael 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTInformation about the global climate, the carbon cycle, changes in solar activity, and a number of other atmospheric processes are preserved in the carbon-14 and the beryllium-10 records. However, these isotope datasets are large and cumbersome to work with. We have designed a self-contained, easy-to-use application that allows for more efficient analysis of different periods and patterns of interest. For several applications in atmospheric modelling, a pre-processing stage is applied to the isotope datasets in order to interpolate the data and mitigate their low temporal resolution. In CHRONOscope, we included linear and non-linear methods of interpolation with interactive parameter optimization. The resultant interpolated data can be extracted for further use. The main functionalities of CHRONOscope include the importation and superimposition of external data, quick navigation through the data with the use of markers, expression of the carbon-14 results in both Δ14C and yr BP form, separation of the data by source, and the visualization of associated error bars. We make this free software available in standalone applications for both Windows and Mac operating systems.
Evaluating Part V of the German version of the Token Test as a screening of specific language impairment in preschoolers
Authors: Schmoeger Michaela , Deckert Matthias , Eisenwort Brigitte , Loader Benjamin , Hofmair Annemarie , Auff Eduard , Willinger Ulrike 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpecific language impairment (SLI) is a very common childhood disorder that is characterized by impairments in expressive and/or receptive language regarding different modalities. Part V of the German version of the Token Test was evaluated as a potential screening tool for the early detection of SLI. Forty-five male and 16 female monolingual native German-speaking preschoolers with SLI (4–6 years) and 61 age- and gender-matched typically developing controls were examined with a German version of the Token Test and an established intelligence measure. Token Test performance was significantly worse in preschoolers with SLI including greater group differences at age 4 than at ages 5 and 6. Analyses showed a detection rate of 77% for Part V of the Token Test in the whole sample as well as 85.1% at age 4, 80.6% at age 5, and a nonsignificant detection at age 6. Correctly detected preschoolers with SLI showed significantly worse performance than typically developing controls regarding nonverbal and verbal intelligence, numeracy, problem solving, working memory, visual attention, and memory. Children with SLI show worse Token Test performance, whereas at ages 4 and 5, Part V of the Token Test could potentially serve as a screening tool for the detection of SLI.
Reattached: emerging relationships and subjectivities when engaging frail older people as volunteer language teachers in Denmark
Authors: Fournier Nanette Bjerring , Lassen Aske Juul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs a response to an ageing population, and to benefit from senior citizens’ resources and improve their quality of life, European countries are increasingly engaging older volunteers in the old-age sector and care environments. Older Danes’ participation in volunteer work is high; however, nursing home residents and home care recipients are typically not part of these initiatives as volunteers, but as the receivers of volunteer care. We investigate an initiative that engages frail older people as volunteer language teachers for foreigners learning Danish in an endeavour to utilise their resources as volunteers and to engage the language teachers socially. Through participant observations and semi-structured interviews with older volunteers, Danish-language students and care personnel, we explore what constitutes good social relationships in this specific initiative, how these relationships are created and the kind of subject that appears through Elderlearn. We are inspired by the sociology of attachment as we describe how frail older people emerge as engaged subjects by becoming reattached to their life histories, interests, abilities and relational skills. In this regard, good social relationships surpass the immediate volunteer–recipient bond and create a ‘blurry volunteering’ with less distinct divisions of who gives and who receives. This generates constructive relationships created through interlinguistic competences, international consciousness, and use of materials, objects and the local community. We argue that this arrangement reattaches the language teachers to their life histories, thereby enabling the emergence of a different kind of international and engaged old-age subjectivity.
Mediterranean households, British colonial statistics and Greek insular landscapes: insights from nineteenth-century Antikythera
Authors: Bevan Andrew , Hassett Brenna Ryan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article addresses a 250-year episode of human colonisation, community growth and subsequent decline on the small Greek island of Antikythera (ad 1770 to present), focusing on rich documentary sources from four decades of British rule in the early nineteenth century. In particular, a series of nominal censuses and accompanying agricultural statistics can be combined with intensive landscape archaeological survey evidence to explore evidence for changing nineteenth-century households, household economies, and how these are manifest across an entire physical landscape. We also contextualise this well-recorded, most recent historical episode within the island's deeper population history stretching back at least seven millennia.
Predicting influenza-like illness-related emergency department visits by modelling spatio-temporal syndromic surveillance data
Authors: Martin L. J. , Dong H. , Liu Q. , Talbot J. , Qiu W. , Yasui Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPredicting the magnitude of the annual seasonal peak in influenza-like illness (ILI)-related emergency department (ED) visit volumes can inform the decision to open influenza care clinics (ICCs), which can mitigate pressure at the ED. Using ILI-related ED visit data from the Alberta Real Time Syndromic Surveillance Net for Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, we developed (training data, 1 August 2004–31 July 2008) and tested (testing data, 1 August 2008–19 February 2014) spatio-temporal statistical prediction models of daily ILI-related ED visits to estimate high visit volumes 3 days in advance. Our Main Model, based on a generalised linear mixed model with random intercept, incorporated prediction residuals over 14 days and captured increases in observed volume ahead of peaks. During seasonal influenza periods, our Main Model predicted volumes within ±30% of observed volumes for 67%–82% of high-volume days and within 0.3%–21% of observed seasonal peak volumes. Model predictions were not as successful during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Our model can provide early warning of increases in ILI-related ED visit volumes during seasonal influenza periods of differing intensities. These predictions may be used to support public health decisions, such as if and when to open ICCs, during seasonal influenza epidemics.