bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of thermal pasteurization on viral load and detectable live viruses in human milk and other matrices: a rapid review
Authors: Pitino Michael A. , O’Connor Deborah L. , McGeer Allison J. , Unger Sharon 
Published: July 2020

Holder pasteurization (62.5 °C, 30 min) of human milk is thought to reduce the risk of transmitting viruses to an infant. Some viruses may be secreted into milk – others may be contaminants. The effect of thermal pasteurization on viruses in human milk has yet to be rigorously reviewed. The objective of this study is to characterize the effect of common pasteurization techniques on viruses in human milk and non-human milk matrices. Databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science) were searched from inception to April 20th, 2020, for primary research articles assessing the impact of pasteurization on viral load or detection of live virus. Reviews were excluded, as were studies lacking quantitative measurements or those assessing pasteurization as a component of a larger process. Overall, of 65 131 reports identified, 109 studies were included. Pasteurization of human milk at a minimum temperature of 56−60 °C is effective at reducing detectable live virus. In cell culture media or plasma, coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV) are highly susceptible to heating at ≥56 °C. Although pasteurization parameters and matrices reported vary, all viruses studied, except parvoviruses, were susceptible to thermal killing. Future research important for the study of novel viruses should standardize pasteurization protocols and should test inactivation in human milk. Novelty In all matrices, including human milk, pasteurization at 62.5 °C was generally sufficient to reduce surviving viral load by several logs or to below the limit of detection. Holder pasteurization (62.5 °C, 30 min) of human milk should be sufficient to inactivate nonheat resistant viruses, including coronaviruses, if present.
The effect of blood flow on tibialis anterior motor unit firing rates during sustained low-intensity isometric contractions
Authors: Copithorne David B. , Hali Kalter , Rice Charles L. 
Published: July 2020

Low-intensity contractions with blood flow occlusion (BFO) result in neuromuscular adaptations comparable with high-intensity (>70% maximal voluntary contraction, MVC) exercise. Because BFO exercise can only be applied to limb muscles, it is of interest to explore whether muscles proximal to the occlusion site are affected. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess neural activation of the tibialis anterior (TA) when flow is occluded proximal and distal to the active muscle. Five males completed three protocols to observe the effect of BFO on motor unit firing rates (MUFR) of the TA at a fatiguing contraction intensity of ∼15% MVC. Two occlusion protocols, one proximal (BFOprox) to and one distal (BFOdis) to the TA, were compared with a control (free-flow) protocol time-matched to BFOdis. MVC was significantly reduced following the BFOprox (∼41%; P < 0.001) and BFOdis (∼27%, P < 0.001), but not following the control protocol (∼15%; P = 0.13). Surface electromyography (EMG) during BFOdis and BFOprox increased ∼14% and ∼28%, respectively, but was not different among protocols. MUFRs for BFOdis and BFOprox were significantly reduced (by ∼33% and ∼23%, respectively; P < 0.01) at task failure. Results indicate that although BFOprox results in the largest reductions of MUFRs, BFOdis shows greater impairments compared with the free-flow control condition. Novelty Effects on motor unit firing rates of proximal versus distal blood flow occlusion were compared during low-intensity fatiguing task. Proximal occlusion results in greatest fatigue and reduction in motor unit rates, but distal occlusion elicits more fatigue and rate reduction than a control task.
Adsorption mechanisms and electronic and magnetic properties of oxygen on iron tetranitride
Authors: Li Zhi , Shi Tong-Tong , Zhao Zhen 
Published: July 2020

The oxide layer on iron nitrides restricts the conductivity of electrode materials. The adsorption and dissociation processes of O2 on the Fe4N have been analyzed by using first-principles. Comparing all the O2Fe4N isomers, we find that O atom prefers to locate at the center site of Fe–Fe–Fe plane which stays away from N atom. It means that O2 molecule is dissociated on the surface of Fe4N molecule. Endothermic and exothermic processes occur with the adsorption and decomposition of O2 on the surface of Fe4N. All the O2Fe4N clusters still present higher kinetic activity. For the O2Fe4N clusters, the internal electrons transfer from 4[Formula: see text] to 3[Formula: see text] and 4[Formula: see text] orbitals which are obviously more than those transfer to the other atoms. O atoms acquire less electron from nearby Fe atoms which confirms that the adsorption of O2 on Fe4N is a physical adsorption process. The average spin of the ground-state O2Fe4N clusters is 1.805 [Formula: see text]/atom.
Understanding vibrant behavior of Si-circular diaphragm for low-pressure measurement
Authors: Samridhi  , Kumar Manish , Singh Kulwant , Kumar Shalendra , Alvi P. A. 
Published: July 2020

Enhanced sensitivity, precise measurements and accuracy are the key factors to identify the performance of any sensor. In this paper, p-polycrystalline silicon micro-pressure sensor has been designed which works on the principle of piezoresistive effect. A theoretical modeling and computational simulation of the circular Si-diaphragm have been performed through the extensive study of stress and frequency response with the help of finite element method (FEM) within the framework of COMSOL. For a thin diaphragm ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]50 [Formula: see text]m), the Eigen frequency and the frequency generated in a diaphragm under the influence of pressure has been optimized within the pressure range from 1–25 kPa. The modes of vibrations generated in the diaphragm have been optimized at wide-frequency range [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]200–800 kHz at various pressure values. The findings of the presented research have suggested that for a [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]50 [Formula: see text]m thin diaphragm, the optimized fundamental frequency is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]310 kHz for showing better piezoresistive response which results into enhanced sensitivity. Moreover, the simulation results show that for the designed sensor, the pressure sensitivity of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]11.51 mv/psi has been conveyed.
A Poisson transform adapted to the Rumin complex
Authors: Čap Andreas , Harrach Christoph , Julg Pierre 
Published: July 2020

Let G be a semisimple Lie group with finite center, [Formula: see text] a maximal compact subgroup, and [Formula: see text] a parabolic subgroup. Following ideas of P. Y. Gaillard, one may use G-invariant differential forms on [Formula: see text] to construct G-equivariant Poisson transforms mapping differential forms on G/P to differential forms on G/K. Such invariant forms can be constructed using finite-dimensional representation theory. In this general setting, we first prove that the transforms that always produce harmonic forms are exactly those that descend from the de Rham complex on G/P to the associated Bernstein–Gelfand–Gelfand (or BGG) complex in a well defined sense. The main part of this paper is devoted to an explicit construction of such transforms with additional favorable properties in the case that [Formula: see text]. Thus, G/P is [Formula: see text] with its natural CR structure and the relevant BGG complex is the Rumin complex, while G/K is complex hyperbolic space of complex dimension [Formula: see text]. The construction is carried out both for complex and for real differential forms and the compatibility of the transforms with the natural operators that are available on their sources and targets are analyzed in detail.
Utilizing SEER Cancer Registries for Population-Based Cancer Survivor Epidemiologic Studies: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Gallicchio Lisa , Elena Joanne W. , Fagan Sarah , Carter Marjorie , Hamilton Ann S. , Hastert Theresa A. , Hunter Lisa L. , Li Jie , Lynch Charles F. , Milam Joel , Millar Morgan M. , Modjeski Denise , Paddock Lisa E. , Reed Amanda R. , Moses Lisa B. , Stroup Antoinette M. , Sweeney Carol , Trapido Edward J. , West Michele M. , Wu Xiao-Cheng , Helzlsouer Kathy J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
While the primary role of central cancer registries in the United States is to provide vital information needed for cancer surveillance and control, these registries can also be leveraged for population-based epidemiologic studies of cancer survivors. This study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of using the NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program registries to rapidly identify, recruit, and enroll individuals for survivor research studies and to assess their willingness to engage in a variety of research activities.

Methods:
In 2016 and 2017, six SEER registries recruited both recently diagnosed and longer-term survivors with early age–onset multiple myeloma or colorectal, breast, prostate, or ovarian cancer. Potential participants were asked to complete a survey, providing data on demographics, health, and their willingness to participate in various aspects of research studies.

Results:
Response rates across the registries ranged from 24.9% to 46.9%, with sample sizes of 115 to 239 enrolled by each registry over a 12- to 18-month period. Among the 992 total respondents, 90% answered that they would be willing to fill out a survey for a future research study, 91% reported that they would donate a biospecimen of some type, and approximately 82% reported that they would consent to have their medical records accessed for research.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated the feasibility of leveraging SEER registries to recruit a geographically and racially diverse group of cancer survivors.

Impact:
Central cancer registries are a source of high-quality data that can be utilized to conduct population-based cancer survivor studies.
ДОГОСПІТАЛЬНА МЕДИЧНА ДОПОМОГА ПРИ ГОСТРИХ ПОРУШЕННЯХ МОЗКОВОГО КРОВООБІГУ. ПЕРШІ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ РЕФОРМИ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ОДЕСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ
Authors: Muratova T. M. , Khramtsov D. M. , Stoyanov O. M. , Vorokhta Y. M. , Samofalov D. O. , Larchenko S. S. , Malonoga S. O. 
Published: July 2020

Мета: оцінити ефективність надання догоспітальної допомоги при інсульті в контексті реформування національної системи охорони здоров’я на прикладі Одеської області.
Матеріали і методи. Здійснено ретроспективний аналіз діяльності екстреної медичної допомоги (ЕМД) у 2016–2018 рр. (до впровадження реформи) та в 2018–2019 рр.
Результати. Проведений аналіз показав, що в середньому щороку в області через систему екстреної медичної допомоги госпіталізували з інсультом (1160±29) пацієнтів, що становить 47,7 випадку на 100 000 населення. Середній вік госпіталізованих пацієнтів становив (62,6±3,8) року, при гендерному співвідношенні 1/1,2 із незначним переважанням чоловіків. Найбільшу кількість випадків гострих порушень мозкового кровообігу (ГПМК) зафіксовано влітку (61,4 %). Близько 25–30 % викликів екстреної медичної допомоги не завершуються госпіталізацією хворого з інсультом. Причини відмови пов᾽язані з бажанням хворого або його родичів лікуватися амбулаторно (13,5 %), наявністю серед родичів лікарів або середніх медичних працівників (11,7 %), браком коштів (18,9 %), сімейними обставинами (6,3 %), загальним тяжким станом хворого (4,5 %). Після введення у дію нової концепції екстреної медичної допомоги кількість відмов від госпіталізації за наявності інсульту зменшилася у 2,5 раза, кількість пацієнтів, яких доставили до лікарні в рамках терапевтичного вікна, зросла на 36,3 %. Обговорюють досвід створення регіональних клінічних та транспортних протоколів для максимального скорочення часу і забезпечення оптимального лікування на всіх етапах медичної допомоги.
Висновки. Впровадження реформи покращило якість догоспітальної допомоги при інсульті, так кількість відмов від госпіталізації за наявності інсульту зменшилася в 2,5 раза, кількість пацієнтів, яких доставили до лікарні в рамках терапевтичного вікна, зросла на 36,3 %. Залишається актуальною проблема необґрунтованих відмов пацієнтів із ГПМК та їхніх родичів від термінової госпіталізації. Обговорюють впровадження стандартизованих операційних процедур надання догоспітальної допомоги, спрямованих на зменшення часу транспортування пацієнтів до стаціонару.
Nonculprit Lesion Plaque Morphology in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pinilla-Echeverri Natalia , Mehta Shamir R. , Wang Jia , Lavi Shahar , Schampaert Erick , Cantor Warren J. , Bainey Kevin R. , Welsh Robert C. , Kassam Saleem , Mehran Roxana , Storey Robert F. , Nguyen Helen , Meeks Brandi , Wood David A. , Cairns John A. , Sheth Tej 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Complete revascularization with routine percutaneous coronary intervention of nonculprit lesions after primary percutaneous coronary intervention improves outcomes in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Whether this benefit is associated with nonculprit lesion vulnerability is unknown.

Methods:
In a prospective substudy of the COMPLETEs trial (Complete vs Culprit-Only Revascularization to Treat Multi-Vessel Disease After Early PCI for STEMI), we performed optical coherence tomography of at least 2 coronary arteries before nonculprit lesion percutaneous coronary intervention in 93 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease; and the ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction culprit vessel if there was unstented segment amenable to imaging. Nonculprit lesions were categorized as obstructive (≥70% stenosis by visual angiographic assessment) or nonobstructive, and as thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) or non-TCFA by optical coherence tomography criteria. TCFA was defined as a lesion with mean fibrous cap thickness <65 μm overlying a lipid arc >90°.

Results:

On a patient level, at least one obstructive TCFA was observed in 44/93 (47%) of patients. On a lesion level, there were 58 TCFAs among 150 obstructive nonculprit lesions compared with 74 TCFAs among 275 nonculprit lesions (adjusted TCFA prevalence: 35.4% versus 23.2%,
P
=0.022). Compared with obstructive non-TCFAs, obstructive TCFAs had similar lesion length (23.1 versus 20.8 mm,
P
=0.16) but higher lipid quadrants (55.2 versus 19.2,
P
<0.001), greater mean lipid arc (203.8° versus 84.5°,
P
<0.001), and more macrophages (97.1% versus 54.4%,
P
<0.001) and cholesterol crystals (85.8% versus 44.3%,
P
<0.001). For nonobstructive lesions, TCFA lesions had similar lesion length (16.7 versus 14.6 mm,
P
=0.11), but more lipid quadrants (36.4 versus 13.5,
P
<0.001), and greater mean lipid arc (191.8° versus 84.2°,
P
<0.001) compared with non-TCFA.

Conclusions:
Among patients who underwent optical coherence tomography imaging in the COMPLETE trial, nearly 50% had at least one obstructive nonculprit lesion containing complex vulnerable plaque. Obstructive lesions more commonly harbored vulnerable plaque morphology than nonobstructive lesions. This may help explain the benefit of routine percutaneous coronary intervention of obstructive nonculprit lesions in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01740479s.
Luminal and Wall Changes in Intracranial Arterial Lesions for Predicting Stroke Occurrence
Authors: Kim Hyung Jun , Choi Eun-Hyeok , Chung Jong-Won , Kim Jae-Hwan , Kim Ye Sel , Seo Woo-Keun , Kim Gyeong-Moon , Bang Oh Young 
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
Luminal imaging (degree of stenosis) currently serves as the gold standard to predict stroke recurrence and guide therapeutic strategies in patients with intracranial large artery diseases (ILADs). We comparatively evaluated the importance of vessel wall and luminal changes in predicting stroke occurrence.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with ILAD in the proximal middle cerebral artery or distal internal carotid artery without proximal sources of embolism from the carotid and heart underwent time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, and the ring finger protein 213 (
RNF213
) gene variant test. Patients were followed up for >3 months.

Results:

Of the 675 patients, 241 (35.7%) had atherosclerotic ILAD and 434 (64.3%) showed nonatherosclerotic ILAD (315 [46.7%] moyamoya disease cases and 119 [17.6%] dissection cases). The
RNF213
variant was detected in 74.9%, 33.6%, and 3.4% patients with moyamoya disease, atherosclerosis, and dissection, respectively. Three hundred (44.4%) patients had asymptomatic ILAD, whereas 375 (55.6%) patients had symptomatic ILAD. Multivariate analysis showed that vessel enhancement and etiological subtypes, not degree of stenosis, determined by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and
RNF213
gene variant analysis were independently associated with symptomatic ILAD. The presence of the
RNF213
variant was also independently associated with recurrent cerebrovascular events.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrates the prevalence of nonatherosclerotic ILAD in East Asian patients with ILAD. Unlike luminal changes, wall changes determined by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and presence of the
RNF213
variant could predict stroke occurrence in patients with ILADs.
Contributions of the Liquid and Ice Phases to Global Surface Precipitation: Observations and Global Climate Modeling
Authors: Heymsfield Andrew J. , Schmitt Carl , Chen Chih-Chieh-Jack , Bansemer Aaron , Gettelman Andrew , Field Paul R. , Liu Chuntao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study is the first to reach a global view of the precipitation process partitioning, using a combination of satellite and global climate modeling data. The pathways investigated are 1) precipitating ice (ice/snow/graupel) that forms above the freezing level and melts to produce rain (S) followed by additional condensation and collection as the melted precipitating ice falls to the surface (R); 2) growth completely through condensation and collection (coalescence), warm rain (W); and 3) precipitating ice (primarily snow) that falls to the surface (SS). To quantify the amounts, data from satellite-based radar measurements—CloudSat, GPM, and TRMM—are used, as well as climate model simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) and the Met Office Unified Model (UM). Total precipitation amounts and the fraction of the total precipitation amount for each of the pathways is examined latitudinally, regionally, and globally. Carefully examining the contributions from the satellite-based products leads to the conclusion that about 57% of Earth’s precipitation follows pathway S, 15% R, 23% W, and 5% SS, each with an uncertainty of ±5%. The percentages differ significantly from the global climate model results, with the UM indicating smaller fractional S, more R, and more SS; and CAM showing appreciably greater S, negative R (indicating net evaporation below the melting layer), a much larger percentage of W and much less SS. Possible reasons for the wide differences between the satellite- and model-based results are discussed.
Human Cognition in Interaction With Robots: Taking the Robot’s Perspective Into Account
Authors: Salm-Hoogstraeten Sophia von , Müsseler Jochen 
Published: July 2020

Objective The present study investigated whether and how different human–robot interactions in a physically shared workspace influenced human stimulus–response (SR) relationships. Background Human work is increasingly performed in interaction with advanced robots. Since human–robot interaction often takes place in physical proximity, it is crucial to investigate the effects of the robot on human cognition. Method In two experiments, we compared conditions in which humans interacted with a robot that they either remotely controlled or monitored under otherwise comparable conditions in the same shared workspace. The cognitive extent to which the participants took the robot’s perspective served as a dependent variable and was evaluated with a SR compatibility task. Results The results showed pronounced compatibility effects from the robot’s perspective when participants had to take the perspective of the robot during the task, but significantly reduced compatibility effects when human and robot did not interact. In both experiments, compatibility effects from the robot’s perspective resulted in statistically significant differences in response times and in error rates between compatible and incompatible conditions. Conclusion We concluded that SR relationships from the perspective of the robot need to be considered when designing shared workspaces that require users to take the perspective of the robot. Application The results indicate changed compatibility relationships when users share their workplace with an interacting robot and therefore have to take its perspective from time to time. The perspective-dependent processing times are expected to be accompanied by corresponding error rates, which might affect—for instance—safety and efficiency in a production process.
Banded amphibolites in the Alps: a new interpretation in relation to early Paleozoic peraluminous magmatism
Authors: Zurbriggen Roger 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Strona-Ceneri Zone is located south of the Insubric line, where Alpine overprint is mainly brittle and of low grade or even absent. Apart from the unmetamorphic Permo-Carboniferous sediments and intrusiva the Strona-Ceneri Zone is an Ordovician gneiss complex composed of paragneisses, migmatites, peraluminous orthogneisses and banded amphibolites associated with meta-gabbros and meta-ultramafics. Despite of the individual characters of the other Ordovician gneiss terranes north of the Insubric line, most prominently the Aar Massif, the Gotthard, Silvretta and Ötztal nappes, they show analogous lithological formations and pre-Mesozoic structures indicating similar genetic processes. A revision of geological maps and new field observations in these gneiss terranes indicate characteristic spatial relationships of banded amphibolite formations with migmatites and orthogneisses. The contrasting chemistries of the peraluminous rocks (para- and orthogneisses) and the basaltic amphibolites with a lack of intermediate lithologies in between can be explained by the setting of peraluminous arc magmatism within a subduction–accretion complex. In this model the amphibolites represent primary basalts which ponded at the base of the subduction–accretion complex and delivered the heat for the production of peraluminous melts. Volume estimations indicate a “zone of intermingling” composed of immiscible basalts and peraluminous melts with a total thickness of several kilometers. In this “zone of intermingling” the protoliths of the banded amphibolite formations were generated. Steep strike-slip faults, which are important structures for the syn-magmatic cratonization of subduction–accretion complexes, provide pathways for the emplacement of magmas, migmatites and intermingled materials. This results in the formation of steeply oriented sheets of orthogneisses, deformed migmatites and banded amphibolite formations, respectively. Finally, the paper lists many other peri-Gondwanan regions with an early Paleozoic peraluminous arc magmatism, indicating a similar setting on a global scale.