bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medians are Below Joins in Semimodular Lattices of Breadth 2
Authors: Czédli Gábor , Powers Robert C. , White Jeremy M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLet L be a lattice of finite length and let d denote the minimum path length metric on the covering graph of L. For any $\xi =(x_{1},\dots ,x_{k})\in L^{k}$
ξ
=
(

x

1

,
…
,

x

k

)
∈

L

k

, an element y belonging to L is called a median of ξ if the sum d(y,x1) + ⋯ + d(y,xk) is minimal. The lattice L satisfies the c1-median property if, for any $\xi =(x_{1},\dots ,x_{k})\in L^{k}$
ξ
=
(

x

1

,
…
,

x

k

)
∈

L

k

and for any median y of ξ, $y\leq x_{1}\vee \dots \vee x_{k}$
y
≤

x

1

∨
⋯
∨

x

k

. Our main theorem asserts that if L is an upper semimodular lattice of finite length and the breadth of L is less than or equal to 2, then L satisfies the c1-median property. Also, we give a construction that yields semimodular lattices, and we use a particular case of this construction to prove that our theorem is sharp in the sense that 2 cannot be replaced by 3.
Ocular Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Ointment Formulations
Authors: Le Merdy Maxime , Spires Jessica , Lukacova Viera , Tan Ming-Liang , Babiskin Andrew , Xu Xiaoming , Zhao Liang , Bolger Michael B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to show how the Ocular Compartmental Absorption & Transit (OCAT™) model in GastroPlus®can be used to characterize ocular drug pharmacokinetic performance in rabbits for ointment formulations.MethodsA newly OCAT™ model developed for fluorometholone, as well as a previously verified model for dexamethasone, were used to characterize the aqueous humor (AH) concentration following the administration of multiple ointment formulations to rabbit. The model uses the following parameters: application surface area (SA), a fitted application time, and the fitted Higuchi release constant to characterize the rate of passage of the active pharmaceutical ingredient from the ointment formulations into the tears in vivo.ResultsParameter sensitivity analysis was performed to understand the impact of ointment formulation changes on ocular exposure. While application time was found to have a significant impact on the time of maximal concentration in AH, both the application SA and the Higuchi release constant significantly influenced both the maximum concentration and the ocular exposure.ConclusionsThis initial model for ointment ophthalmic formulations is a first step to better understand the interplay between physiological factors and ophthalmic formulation physicochemical properties and their impact on in vivo ocular drug pharmacokinetic performance in rabbits.
Fertility Intentions in Times of Rising Economic Uncertainty: Evidence from Italy from a Gender Perspective
Authors: Novelli Marco , Cazzola Alberto , Angeli Aurora , Pasquini Lucia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study analyses the socio-economic determinants of the short-term fertility plans of Italian women and men living as couples, before and shortly after the onset of the 2007/2008 Great Recession, which may have affected their reproductive plans through a climate of rising economic uncertainty. Using multilevel models, we investigate how fertility intentions are related to the individual characteristics of the respondents and their partners as well as to changes in the economic context. The findings confirm that the Great Recession modified the determinants of short-term fertility intentions differently for women and men. Among the most relevant issues, we outline the importance of couples’ working conditions and the contextual labour market indicators.
Influence of Grain Refiners on the Wettability of Al2O3 Substrate by Aluminum Melt
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Bao Sarina , Akhtar Shahid , Shen Ping , Li Yanjun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is well known that grain refiner additions in aluminum melts significantly reduce the filtration efficiency of ceramic foam filters (CFF). However, the mechanism remains unclear. In this work, the influence of grain refiners on the wettability of alumina substrate by aluminum melt was studied by both conventional sessile drop and improved sessile drop methods at different temperatures and vacuums. Commercial purity aluminum (CP-Al) and grain refiner master alloys Al-3Ti-1B, Al-5Ti-1B, Al-3Ti-0.15C were used. It is found that master alloy melts wet alumina substrate better than CP-Al. Generally, a lower temperature or lower vacuum results in a higher contact angle. The roles of grain refiner particles in improving the wettability were studied by analyzing the solidification structure of post wetting-test droplets using SEM. Strong sedimentation of grain refiner particles at the metal-substrate interface was observed, which is attributed to the higher density of grain refiner particles compared to the Al melt. Meanwhile, a large fraction of grain refiner particles agglomerates at the oxide skin of the aluminum droplets, showing a strong adhesion between the particles and oxide skin. Such adhering of grain refiner particles is proposed to enhance the rupture of the original oxide skin of the droplets and slow down the reoxidation process at the surface layer. Both adherence of grain refiner particles to surface oxide skin and sedimentation of particles at the metal-substrate interface are responsible for the wetting improvement.
Time-Series Analysis of Surface-Water Quality in Xiong’an New Area, 2016–2019
Authors: Wang Mingxiu , Yao Yue , Shen Qian , Gao Hongjie , Li Junsheng , Zhang Fangfang , Wu Qingshuang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Xiong'an New Area was established by the Chinese government on 1 April 2017 as a new district in the Hebei Province, and soon after its establishment, investigations on the waterbodies of the district began to initiate governance. In this study, data from 105 Sentinel-2 cloudless images for the period April 2016–September 2019 were analysed to understand the changes in the concentrations of chlorophyll-a and water turbidity in surface waterbodies of the Xiong'an New Area. The results suggest that (1) the water quality shows an overall improving trend owing to surface-water pollution control measures by the Chinese government in the region; (2) the turbidity of the surface waterbody declined gradually particularly after the spring of 2017; (3) the concentration of chlorophyll-a shows a weak decreasing trend, with a low value in spring and a high value in summer with a four-year average of 31.3 μg/L; and (4) by comparing the results of the water quality of two ponds inside and outside the Lake Baiyangdian and the overall water quality of Xiong'an New Area, the changes in turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentration during the study period were consistent.
Model-Based Feature Information Network (MFIN): A Digital Twin Framework to Integrate Location-Specific Material Behavior Within Component Design, Manufacturing, and Performance Analysis
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Saikiran , Hartman Nathan W. , Sangid Michael D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe digital transformation of manufacturing requires digitalization, including automatic and efficient data exchange. Model-based definitions (MBDs) capture digital product definitions, in order to eliminate error-prone information exchange associated with traditional paper-based drawings and to provide contextual information through additional metadata. The flow of MBDs extends throughout the product lifecycle (including the design, analysis, manufacturing, in service life, and retirement stages) and can be extended beyond the typical geometry and tolerance information within a computer-aided design. In this paper, the MBDs are extended to include materials information, via dynamic linkages. To this end, a model-based feature information network (MFIN) is created to provide a comprehensive framework that facilitates storing, updating, searching, and retrieving of relevant information across a product’s lifecycle. The use case of a damage tolerant analysis for a compressor bladed-disk (blisk) is demonstrated, in Ti-6Al-4V blade(s) linear friction welded to the Ti-6Al-4V disk, creating well-defined regions exhibiting grain refinement and high residuals stresses. By capturing the location-specific microstructure and residual stress values at the weld regions, this information is accessed within the MFIN and used for downstream damage tolerant analysis. The introduction of the MFIN framework facilitates access to dynamically evolving data for use within physics-based models (resulting in the opportunity to reduce uncertainty in subsequent prognosis analyses), thereby enabling a digital twin description of the component or system.
Quantitative analysis of the tribological properties of phosphate glass at the nano- and macro-scales
Authors: Qi Huimin , Hu Wen , He Hongtu , Zhang Yafeng , Song Chenfei , Yu Jiaxin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProcessing (grinding, polishing) of phosphate laser (PL) glass involves material removal at two vastly different (spatial) scales. In this study, the nano- and macro-tribological properties of PL glass are investigated by rubbing the glass against a SiO2 counter-surface in both dry and humid conditions. The results indicate that the friction of the PL glass/SiO2 pair has opposing trends at the nano- and macro-scales. At the nanoscale, the friction coefficient (COF) in humid air is much higher than in dry air, which is attributed to the capillary effect of the absorbed water-film at the interface. At the macroscale, on the other hand, the COF in humid air is lower than in dry air, because the water-related mechanochemical wear makes the worn surface less susceptible to cracking. Material removal for PL glass is better facilitated by humid air than by dry air at both scales, because the stress-enhanced hydrolysis accelerates the material-removal process in glass. Moreover, the material-removal is more sensitive to contact pressure at the macroscale, because stronger mechanical-interaction occurs during material removal at the macroscale with the multi asperity contact mode. At the macroscale, the material removal is more sensitive to contact pressure in humid air compared to dry air. Because almost all mechanical energy is used to remove material in humid air, and most of the mechanical energy is used to produce cracks in PL glass in dry air. The results of this study can help optimize the multi-scale surface processing of optical glasses.
Penetration and lubrication evaluation of vegetable oil with nanographite particles for broaching process
Authors: Xu Ming , Yu Xin , Ni Jing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith increasing environmental concerns, the substitution of mineral oil-based cutting fluid has become an urgent issue. Using vegetable soybean oil as base fluid, nanofluid cutting fluids (NFCFs) were prepared by adding different weight concentrations of nanographite particles (NGPs), and their penetration and lubrication performances were studied. A novel simulated tool-chip slit with micrometer-sized geometry was manufactured to evaluate and quantify the penetration rate of the NFCFs by image analysis approach. Moreover, a large number of comparative experiments on the closed-type broaching machine were carried out to compare the performance of the proposed NFCFs and a commercial cutting fluid in terms of cutting force, workpiece surface roughness, and metal chip. It is found that there is an optimal NGP concentration in NFCF for practical cutting applications. When the concentration of NGP is 0.4 wt%, the broaching process lubrication exhibits an ideal mixed lubricate state, resulting in minimal friction resistance, and thus, both the cutting force and chip curling angle reach their corresponding best values. Moreover, the proposed NGP-based vegetable-oil cutting fluid exhibits excellent environment-friendliness and low-cost consumption in the minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) method; this demonstrates its potential for replacing the traditional broaching cutting fluid.
Is this the end for ‘encro’ phones?
Authors: O’Rourke Catherine 
Published: November 2020

Encrypted, or ‘encro’, phones are the communication method of choice for organised crime groups (OCGs) across the UK and Europe. Until 2020, the encro was seen as a completely secure and anonymous way of organised criminal groups contacting each other without fear of detection or tracing. However, the apparent ‘hack’ of one encro phone operator and the compromise of a number of devices, followed by multiple arrests, suggest that the previously airtight encro phones are not as reliable as users once thought, explains Catherine O’Rourke at JMW. Encrypted phones, or ‘encro’ phones, are the communication method of choice for organised crime groups (OCGs) across the UK and Europe, because of their apparent entirely secure features. Encro phones were originally designed for military use, but more recently, they have been associated with celebrities wishing to secure their privacy, and for criminal activity.
Early Jurassic (Toarcian) warming identified from lacustrine sediments of eastern Liaoning, China
Authors: Zhang Qian , Gong Enpu , Zhang Yongli , Guan Changqing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the Tianshifu Basin, eastern Liaoning, China, which is filled with Lower–Middle Jurassic fluviolacustrine sediments rich in macroplants. Our aim is to explore the continental climate features of the late Early Jurassic period. The composition of the Early–Middle Jurassic flora and the carbon isotopic ratios of organic matter, total organic carbon, total organic nitrogen and sulphur of the rock samples from the Changliangzi section (the upper part of the Lower Jurassic deposits) have been investigated. Based on the flora, eastern Liaoning was generally characterized by temperate and humid conditions during the Early–Middle Jurassic period, but with rising temperatures during late Early Jurassic time. The sediments of the Changliangzi section show a transformation from shallow-lake facies to deep-lake facies. A positive organic carbon isotope excursion correlates with the deepening of this palaeolake, considered to be caused by climate warming. The late Early Jurassic climate warming indicated by floral and isotopic evidence corresponds to the climatic events recorded elsewhere in marine and continental sequences during the Toarcian Age, the so-called Toarcian Anoxic event, and may be associated with enhanced global greenhouse warming. This study provides new continental data supporting global warming during the late Early Jurassic period.
The Kubic FLOTAC microscope (KFM): a new compact digital microscope for helminth egg counts
Authors: Cringoli Giuseppe , Amadesi Alessandra , Maurelli Maria Paola , Celano Biase , Piantadosi Gabriele , Bosco Antonio , Ciuca Lavinia , Cesarelli Mario , Bifulco Paolo , Montresor Antonio , Rinaldi Laura 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for Antarctica
Authors: Hughes Kevin A. , Convey Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo date, Antarctica is the only continent to have escaped the COVID-19 pandemic. This was facilitated by the continent's isolation and low human presence, combined with the global emergence of the pandemic at the end of the Antarctic summer season and the rapid action of those national governmental operators and other actors still active on and around the continent during the early phases of the outbreak. Here, we consider the implications of the pandemic for Antarctic governance, national operator logistics, science, tourism and the fishing industry, as well as for Antarctic environmental protection. Global disruption will result in a temporary decrease in human activity in Antarctica, in turn leading to a reduction in environmental impacts for a period, but also a reduced capacity to respond to environmental incidents. Given the diversity of transmission routes and vectors, preventing the introduction of the virus will be difficult, even with stringent quarantine procedures in place, and the risks and implications of virus transmission to Antarctic wildlife are largely unknown. With control of the pandemic a major global challenge, international cooperation will be essential if Antarctica is to remain free of coronavirus.
“For Thee America! For Thee Syria?”: Alexander Maloof, Orientalist Music, and the Politics of the SyrianMahjar
Authors: BOTHWELL BEAU 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 1894 Syrian émigré Alexander Maloof arrived in the United States to join the thriving community in New York's “Syrian Quarter.” Working first as a music instructor and pianist, Maloof found success as a bandleader, composer, arranger, and publisher, integrating Arabic and US popular music and light classical styles. He wrote and edited Arabic-language piano songbooks for the Arabophone communities in the United States, and ran the Maloof Records label, the “Oriental” division of the Gennett Company's “race records” enterprise. Drawing on Arabic-language discourse from around the Syrianmahjar(diaspora), this article uses Maloof's output to demonstrate music's role in the vibrant and contested political conversations taking place in Arabic around the world, from the homelands around Beirut and Damascus, to the initial Syrian settlements in Cairo and Paris, to the American colonies in Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires and New York. Concluding with a discussion of the 1919 “American Maid” (composed under a pseudonym), I argue that a thorough understanding of the history of Orientalist popular music in the Americas requires a decentering of European American audiences in order to examine those questions animating the New Yorkmahjar, most centrally the political fate of greater Syria.
Altered Auditory Self-recognition in People with Schizophrenia
Authors: Pan Chaochao C. , Zhou Aibao B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Self-recognition is of great significance to our sense of self. To date, disturbances in the processing of visual self-recognition are well studied in people with schizophrenia, whereas relatively few studies have focused on the processing of self in other domains, such as auditory. An investigation of auditory self-recognition contributes to delineate changes related to self and the potential roots of the described psychopathological aspects connoting schizophrenia. By applying unimodal task and multisensory test, this study investigated auditory self-recognition in people with schizophrenia under unimodal and bimodal circumstances. Forty-six adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and thirty-two healthy controls were involved in this study. Results suggested that people with schizophrenia seemed to have significantly lower perceptual sensitivity in detecting self-voice, and also showed stricter judgment criteria in self-voice decision. Furthermore, in the presentation of stimuli that combined the stimulation of others’ faces with one’s own voice, people with schizophrenia mistakenly attributed the voices of others as their own. In conclusion, altered auditory self-recognition in people with schizophrenia was found.
Unveiling the detection dynamics of semiconductor nanowire photodetectors by terahertz near-field nanoscopy
Authors: Pogna Eva A. A. , Asgari Mahdi , Zannier Valentina , Sorba Lucia , Viti Leonardo , Vitiello Miriam S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSemiconductor nanowire field-effect transistors represent a promising platform for the development of room-temperature (RT) terahertz (THz) frequency light detectors due to the strong nonlinearity of their transfer characteristics and their remarkable combination of low noise-equivalent powers (<1 nW Hz−1/2) and high responsivities (>100 V/W). Nano-engineering an NW photodetector combining high sensitivity with high speed (sub-ns) in the THz regime at RT is highly desirable for many frontier applications in quantum optics and nanophotonics, but this requires a clear understanding of the origin of the photo-response. Conventional electrical and optical measurements, however, cannot unambiguously determine the dominant detection mechanism due to inherent device asymmetry that allows different processes to be simultaneously activated. Here, we innovatively capture snapshots of the photo-response of individual InAs nanowires via high spatial resolution (35 nm) THz photocurrent nanoscopy. By coupling a THz quantum cascade laser to scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) and monitoring both electrical and optical readouts, we simultaneously measure transport and scattering properties. The spatially resolved electric response provides unambiguous signatures of photo-thermoelectric and bolometric currents whose interplay is discussed as a function of photon density and material doping, therefore providing a route to engineer photo-responses by design.
ELN risk stratification and outcomes in secondary and therapy-related AML patients consolidated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Jentzsch Madlen , Grimm Juliane , Bill Marius , Brauer Dominic , Backhaus Donata , Goldmann Karoline , Schulz Julia , Niederwieser Dietger , Platzbecker Uwe , Schwind Sebastian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSecondary or therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (s/tAML) differs biologically from de novo disease. In general s/tAML patients have inferior outcomes after chemotherapy, compared to de novo cases and often receive allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for consolidation. The European LeukemiaNet (ELN) risk stratification system is commonly applied in AML but the clinical significance is unknown in s/tAML. We analyzed 644 s/tAML or de novo AML patients receiving HSCT. s/tAML associated with older age and adverse risk, including higher ELN risk. Overall, s/tAML patients had similar cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), but higher non-relapse mortality (NRM) and shorter overall survival (OS). In multivariate analyses, after adjustment for ELN risk and pre-HSCT measurable residual disease status, disease origin did not impact outcomes. Within the ELN favorable risk group, CIR was higher in s/tAML compared to de novo AML patients likely due to a different distribution of genetic aberrations, which did not translate into shorter OS. Within the ELN intermediate and adverse group outcomes were similar in de novo and s/tAML patients. Thus, not all s/tAML have a dismal prognosis and outcomes of s/tAML after allogeneic HSCT in remission are comparable to de novo patients when considering ELN risk.
Functional compensation precedes recovery of tissue mass following acute liver injury
Authors: Walesky Chad M. , Kolb Kellie E. , Winston Carolyn L. , Henderson Jake , Kruft Benjamin , Fleming Ira , Ko Sungjin , Monga Satdarshan P. , Mueller Florian , Apte Udayan , Shalek Alex K. , Goessling Wolfram 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe liver plays a central role in metabolism, protein synthesis and detoxification. It possesses unique regenerative capacity upon injury. While many factors regulating cellular proliferation during liver repair have been identified, the mechanisms by which the injured liver maintains vital functions prior to tissue recovery are unknown. Here, we identify a new phase of functional compensation following acute liver injury that occurs prior to cellular proliferation. By coupling single-cell RNA-seq with in situ transcriptional analyses in two independent murine liver injury models, we discover adaptive reprogramming to ensure expression of both injury response and core liver function genes dependent on macrophage-derived WNT/β-catenin signaling. Interestingly, transcriptional compensation is most prominent in non-proliferating cells, clearly delineating two temporally distinct phases of liver recovery. Overall, our work describes a mechanism by which the liver maintains essential physiological functions prior to cellular reconstitution and characterizes macrophage-derived WNT signals required for this compensation.