bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Everyone Is Just Waiting”
Authors: Toohey Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the experience of waiting rather than on the situation. Here is the author’s definition of waiting (with a little thanks to the Oxford English Dictionary online): “waiting entails the emotional experience of a situation that involves staying where you are until a particular time or event or until the arrival of a particular person—or both.” This definition places as much stress on the emotional situation of waiting as it does on the situation. The chapter focuses on three ways of representing this experience: through pairing, pausing, and fear.
Hall Porter Senf’s Wife Is in Labor
Authors: Toohey Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Where marriage, and babies, and friendship are at issue, the capacity to wait turns out to be very important. It appears to be the case, for marriage, for looking to babies, and for friendship, that you won’t stay with them—wait for them this is to say—unless you’ve had a lot of practice at affiliative interaction. In this chapter the author will attempt to illustrate how affiliative interaction becomes so important in the lives of some primates, vervet monkeys in this case, but also the endearing Hall Porter Senf from Vicki Baum’s novel, Grand Hotel. They demonstrate well that, if you haven’t stayed—waited—you won’t have managed any affiliative interaction.
Miles Davis Breaks for a Smoke
Authors: Toohey Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter will be about pausing—it will focus mostly on waiting in performance and how this strategy can benefit the performance, and how as well it can benefit an audience’s experience of the performance—and how the power of the pausing can engender pleasure in the listeners. Pausing looks to the resumption of activity and is a period of waiting that takes place within, and sometimes at the beginning of some longer activity. This sort of pausing is also characterized by anticipation. That’s something the performer may feel, but it’s something that the audience seem to feel just as much, sometimes even more. This sort of a pause is a very exciting experience for the listener and the viewer, in music, in speaking, and in art.
Heaven Can Wait
Authors: Toohey Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this chapter the focus moves to the empty chair, a symbol of death and of the departed. The author’s opinion is that there is no link to be found between waiting and the perception of the beyond, the afterlife, the transcendental, or even God, let alone the empty chair. Waiting, waiting for God, as it’s understood by some of the thinkers of this chapter, is little more than a situation, a handy idea, an idealized process, a mere symbol. Symbols are anyone’s business. Symbols can lead as readily to pornography as to the afterlife. In all of this the empty chair has been forgotten.
Musicians and the Industry
Authors: Whitmore Aleysia K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter shows how musicians translate their musics and cultures for European and North American audiences. Acting as businesspeople and artists, musicians work with industry personnel’s and audiences’ expectations to build their images, personae, and musics in ways that are satisfying for themselves and appealing to foreign audiences. The chapter shows how these musicians are historically aware cosmopolitan artists who continually (re)position themselves as they mediate personal identities, career goals, audience (mis)understandings, and the legacies of colonialism and postcolonial nationalism to create valuable musical experiences and products for themselves and for their European and American audiences. They (re)create ideas about their cultures, Africa, and the African diaspora as they use and push against discourses of alterity and universality.
Calvin, the Bible, and History
Authors: Pitkin Barbara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Calvin, the Bible, and History investigates John Calvin’s distinctive historicizing approach to scripture. The book explores how historical consciousness manifests itself in Calvin’s engagement with the Bible, sometimes leading him to unusual, unprecedented, and occasionally deeply controversial exegetical conclusions. It reshapes the image of Calvin as a biblical interpreter by situating his approach within the context of premodern Christian biblical interpretation, recent Protestant hermeneutical trends, and early modern views of history. In an introductory overview of Calvin’s method and seven chapters focusing on his interpretation of different biblical books or authors, Barbara Pitkin analyzes his engagement with scripture from the Pentateuch to his reception of the apostle Paul. Each chapter examines intellectual or cultural contexts, situating Calvin’s readings within traditional and contemporary exegesis, broader cultural trends, or historical developments, and explores the theme of historical consciousness from a different angle, focusing, for example, on Calvin’s historicizing treatment of Old Testament prophecy, or his reflection of contemporary historiographical trends, or his efforts to relate the biblical past to present historical conditions. An epilogue explores the significance of these findings for understanding Calvin’s concept of history. Collectively these linked case studies illustrate the multifaceted character and expansive impact of his sense of history on his reading of the Bible. They demonstrate that Calvin’s biblical exegesis must be seen in the context of the rising enthusiasm for defining adequate and more formalized approaches to the past that is evident in the writings of Renaissance humanists, early modern historical theorists, and religious reformers across the confessional spectrum.
John Calvin’s Historicizing Interpretation of the Bible
Authors: Pitkin Barbara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter makes the case for viewing John Calvin’s engagement with the Bible in light of contemporary concerns with history and historical method. It outlines the contexts of his exegetical program, including premodern exegetical traditions and their understandings of scripture’s historical sense as well as the broader intellectual milieu and the social, cultural, and political contexts that shaped his work. It delineates four central aspects of Calvin’s method: his commitment to continuous exposition and lucid brevity; his focus on the mind of the biblical author and prioritizing of the literal sense; his views on the authority of Paul and the exegetical tradition; and his theological assumptions about the scopus and unity of scripture. Finally, it provides a summary of the remaining chapters in the book.
History Past and History Present in Calvin’s Reception of Paul
Authors: Pitkin Barbara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter takes up John Calvin’s central biblical authority, the apostle Paul. Because of Paul’s significance for the entirety of Calvin’s reforming program, this chapter broadens the focus from Calvin’s exegesis in order to determine the character of Calvin’s “Paulinism.” The investigation examines Calvin’s access to Paul; Calvin’s reception of Paul in his biblical exegesis (through his treatment Galatians 2 in commentary, sermon, and Bible study); the role of Paul in his reformation agenda (viewed through the program outlined in a 1543 treatise on reforming the church); and, finally, the ways in which Calvin can be considered a “Pauline” theologian (in the development of the Institutes). On the foundation of a historically informed reading of Paul, Calvin built a distinctive program of biblical exegesis, established a reformed church in Geneva, and developed a systematic theology that constituted the only serious rival to that of his mentor in Pauline studies, Philip Melanchthon.
David, Faith, and the Confusion of History in Calvin’s Commentary on the Psalms
Authors: Pitkin Barbara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers John Calvin’s portrayal of the psalmist David as a paradigm for the faith of sixteenth-century Christians and illuminates a development in his doctrine of faith that his commentary on the Psalms (1557) makes especially clear. In contrast to most of the earlier exegetical tradition, Calvin focuses on the historical person, David, and downplays David’s prophetic status. In order to retrieve David’s faith as an example for his own day, Calvin takes a restrained view of traditional messianic interpretations and posits a similarity between David’s situation and the present that acknowledges but also bridges the vast historical distance—and the two dispensations of the one covenant. Calvin depicts David’s faith using perceptual metaphors and offers perspective on faith’s response to the confusion of history.
The Consolation of History in Calvin’s Sermons on Second Samuel
Authors: Pitkin Barbara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In May 1562, John Calvin began a series of sermons on Second Samuel, seeking to shape the response of ordinary Genevans to the first French religious-civil war by appealing to biblical history to illuminate the present. Calvin teaches how to learn from scripture and distinguish elements of perpetual significance from anachronisms relevant only to the history of Israel. He presents sacred history as a unique record of the past that, unlike profane history, can speak to the present through its chronicle of past events. Calvin urges his listeners to compare the events depicted in Second Samuel to their own experience. This historical vision, in which biblical history becomes a living and lived lesson, also shapes a treatise written during the third war by François Hotman, Calvin’s colleague and theorist of legal history. Hotman also sought and found the consolation of the Holy Spirit through Old Testament history, viewed afresh from the experience of wartime affliction. For both Reformed thinkers, the biblical past and the experience of war combined to forge a key spiritual weapon: a historical vision of the present tied into divine providence throughout the ages.
Epilogue
Authors: Pitkin Barbara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This epilogue reflects on what John Calvin’s historicizing approach to scripture, evidenced in his actual engagement with the biblical writings, figures, and themes examined in Calvin, the Bible, and History, might contribute to an understanding of Calvin’s sense of history more broadly. As Euan Cameron has noted, Calvin was not a historian in a strict sense, but he was quite historically minded. This book demonstrates that the sine qua non for understanding Calvin’s broader concept of history lies in grasping the historical consciousness manifested in his engagement with the biblical past. Contributions include a more nuanced view of Calvin’s understanding of the Bible as a historical document and source, a more refined perspective on how he squares his historicizing convictions with his search for contemporary religious meaning, and insight into his concept of history: the relation of sacred and profane accounts of past time and history as a temporal process, under the guidance, to be sure, of divine providence.
Getting Out of Feudalism— and Staying Out!
Authors: Halliday Daniel , Thrasher John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter expands on the concept of feudalism as an economic system distinct from both capitalism and socialism. The focus will be on what feudalism’s central injustices are and how early work on the moral foundations of capitalism sought to emphasize the role of markets in rescuing people from feudal servitude. Later sections of the chapter look at some important contemporary concerns about the resurgence of some elements of feudal economic order and the sorts of economic injustices to which they give rise, particularly with regard to inherited wealth, access to housing, and alleged employer domination in labor markets.
We Are the World; or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Global Trade
Authors: Halliday Daniel , Thrasher John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines some concerns about capitalism with respect to relations between different countries, or people within them. The main focus is on trade across borders and its connection to problems of global justice, such as inequality between rich and poor nations and the abject poverty that continues to afflict such large swathes of the global population. As with many of the themes in this book, it is noted that early defenses of capitalism from the golden age saw trade as a force for prosperity, and possibly justice. Once again, the reasons behind this view prove useful for evaluating how things have turned out since, and for working out how things might be better. This helps with the assessment of contemporary “economic nationalism,” which is a rising force in politics but makes some of the old mistakes addressed during the golden age. Attention will also be given to important questions facing pro-trade views, particularly justice in the structure of global institutions.
Operation Urgent Fury: Grenada
Authors: Poznansky Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter analyzes Ronald Reagan’s decision to intervene in Grenada in October 1983 to remove the left-leaning New Jewel Movement from power. Plans for regime change began in earnest in mid-October after the sitting Prime Minister, Maurice Bishop, was ousted by hardliners, and culminated in a full-scale invasion on October 25. The evidence affirms the book’s central predictions, namely that the availability of two legal exemptions enabled the Reagan administration to pursue a public regime change. The first was the presence of endangered medical students enrolled in St. George’s Medical School on the island. The second legal exemption was an invitation for the United States to intervene to restore order from the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, a collective security regime. Senior officials relied heavily on these exemptions over the course of the intervention and beyond as a means of demonstrating the legality of their actions to allies and other friendly regimes.
Almost Over
Authors: Kamm F. M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This book is a discussion of philosophical, legal, and medical issues related to aging, dying, and death. It considers different views about whether and why death is bad for the person who dies, and whether these views bear on why it would be bad if there were no more persons at all. The book looks at how the general public is being asked to think about end-of-life issues by examining some questionnaires and conversation guides that have been developed. It also considers views about the process of dying and whether it might make sense to not resist death, or even to bring about the end of one’s life, given certain views about meaning in life and what things it is worth living on to get and do. Some hold that it is not only serious illness but ordinary aging that may give rise to some of these questions and the book considers various ways in which aging and the distribution of goods and bads in a life could occur. Physician-assisted suicide would be one way to end one’s life and the book examines arguments about its moral permissibility and whether or not it should be legalized as a matter of public policy. This discussion draws on capital punishment debates concerning state action and also on methods of balancing costs and benefits. The book examines the views of such prominent philosophers, doctors, and legal theorists as Shelly Kagan, Susan Wolf, Atul Gawande, Ezekiel Emanuel, Cass Sunstein, Neil Gorsuch, and others.
Advanced and End-of-Life Care
Authors: Kamm F. M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 considers proposals for advanced and end-of-life care and for helping the general public make decisions about such care. Possible conflicts are identified between the aim of respecting people’s preferences and meeting objective standards of best practices, satisfying family preferences, and meeting requirements of informed consent. The chapter considers in detail questions suggested for conversations about advanced and end of life care. It locates imprecision, nudging, and framing effects in those questions that may interfere with their correctly eliciting people’s preferences. It also suggests that there may be attempts to promote specific values and goals favored by end-of-life care professionals, such as peacefulness and avoiding invasive treatments. The possible connection between the aim of a good life to the end and the use of assisted suicide is also examined.
Death and the State
Authors: Kamm F. M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chapter 8 considers how one should reason about assisted suicide as a matter of public (and legal) policy in the absence of a constitutional right to it by critically examining anti-legalization views such as those of Ezekiel Emanuel. The chapter considers the role of (i) moral rights and wrongings and how they come about as well as (ii) harms and benefits and how to aggregate them. How arguments for the distinctive role of the state in enabling or interfering with behavior bears on these issues is considered by reviewing some arguments about capital punishment. Finally, in the light of empirical data about effects of legalizing physician-assisted suicide and given what else Emanuel believes, the chapter considers whether he should no longer oppose legalization.
Introduction
Authors: Kennerley David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This introductory chapter sets out the key arguments, theoretical frameworks, and historiographical context of the book, and also presents summaries of each chapter. It reviews theoretical approaches to the concept of “voice” and explains this book’s stance towards exploring the cultural history of voices. It demonstrates how this focus on voice advances the gender history of this period, particularly in relation to moving beyond the longstanding debate over the “separate spheres” paradigm. It explains why this period is particularly important for the history of female voices, emphasising both the growth of middle-class audiences for music, and the impact of the evangelical revival on British culture. It concludes by offering some thoughts about the ways in which the present study draws upon and draws together recent developments in both history and musicology that have brought the two disciplines into closer alignment.
Criticising Women’s Voices in the Musical Press
Authors: Kennerley David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines how professional female singers’ voices were described, and critically evaluated, in the music press. It focuses on comparing and contrasting critics’ responses to the voices of Catherine Stephens, Giuditta Pasta, and Eliza Vestris, three very different female singers. It demonstrates how concerns about class, religion, and nationality were instrumental in shaping critical commentary on these women’s voices. It argues that the sound of women’s voices was central to debates between partisans of opera and oratorio, and between advocates of “English” and “Italian” styles of music, methods of singing, and attitudes to gender. In particular, it explores the connections between the range of attitudes to women’s voices encountered in Chapters 1 and 2, and the contrasts in critics’ responses to these three singers’ voices, illustrating the ways in which social divisions over the nature of femininity shaped the development of the musical world.
Dorothea Solly’s Musical World
Authors: Kennerley David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This case study explores the musical and social world of Dorothea Solly, a keen amateur musician and singer. It builds on Chapter 2 by arguing that Solly’s middle-class background, combined with a Broad Church Anglican milieu and her marriage into a Unitarian family shaped her strongly affirmative approach to female voices, in ways that contrasted sharply with the attitudes on display in conduct literature. In particular, she exhibited great admiration for, and sought to acquire herself, the advanced vocal technique of leading stars of the Italian opera, such as her singing teacher, Cecilia Davies. In her advocacy of both female professional performers and composers, and in her own style of singing, Solly and her social milieu encapsulate an important, emerging section of the British musical public that was open both to the idea of female musical creativity and professionalism, and comfortable with an empowered, confident, assertive style of envoicing femininity.
Potential of Blood- and CSF-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnostics
Authors: Goldwaser Eric L. , Nagele Robert G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Currently, a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) depends on some combination of the expression of telltale symptoms, patterns of performance obtained from neuropsychological tests, and brain imaging. Recognition that AD-related pathology can be ongoing for as much as a decade prior to the appearance of symptoms is the impetus behind a tremendous research effort aimed at identifying and developing biomarkers for AD that are linked to pathology and can be used for early disease screening, early diagnosis, and disease monitoring. The long list of recent failures of AD clinical trials has increased the intensity of the search for biomarkers that would make possible early detection and earlier enrollment into clinical trials, hopefully increasing the chances of a successful outcome. This chapter reviews progress along these lines, with emphasis on highlighting the various biomarkers found in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid that are relevant to the early pathology of AD.
Introduction and Overview
Authors: Reck Erich H. , Schiemer Georg 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe core idea of mathematical structuralism is that mathematical theories, always or at least in many central cases, are meant to characterize abstract structures (as opposed to more concrete, individual objects). As such, structuralism is a general position about the subject matter of mathematics, namely abstract structures; but it also includes, or is intimately connected with, views about its methodology, since studying such structures involves distinctive tools and procedures. The goal of the present collection of essays is to discuss mathematical structuralism with respect to both aspects. This is done by examining contributions by a number of mathematicians and philosophers of mathematics from the second half of the 19th and the early 20th centuries.
The Functional Role of Structures in Bourbaki
Authors: Heinzmann Gerhard , Petitot Jean 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the history of 20th-century mathematical structuralism, the figure of Bourbaki is prominent and sometimes even identified with the philosophical doctrine of structuralism. However, the Bourbaki group consisted of pure mathematicians, among them the greatest of their generation, most of whom seemed little inclined to, and even hesitant about, philosophy. This essay proposes to explore this tension in line with the recent philosophical interest in scientific practice. The working assumption is that the use of the concept of structure in Bourbaki is not mainly conceptual and foundational, but pragmatic and functional. This functional interpretation is governed by the principle of the unity of mathematics. In addition to their deductive “vertical” dimension, taking into account structures can reveal various “horizontal” connections between different theories.