bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the effect of hypothetical chlorine leakage from Malay-Sino Chemical Industries using ALOHA software and development of an emergency evacuation route around Teluk Kalong industrial area
Authors: Law W P , Gimbun J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Malay-Sino Chemical Industries in Teluk Kalong is the largest chlor-alkali manufacturer in Malaysia, which may potentially affect the safety of plant workers and nearby residential area in the event accidental chlorine leakage. The dispersion of a hypothetical chlorine leakage from Malay-Sino Chemical Industries in Teluk Kalong industrial area was modelled using ALOHA. The effect of different wind direction, wind speed and time in the meteorological mesoscale area was evaluated. The wind speed ranging from 1.55 to 11.1 m/s obtained from a local weather station was considered. Heavy gas dispersion model was used to determine the concentration of chlorine plume within the area of concern. The leakage rate was set at 702 kg/h. The result showed that the residential area R5 (Kampung Bukit Kuang, and Kampung Sungai Terjun) is affected by the plume dispersed by northern wind at night. A greater hazard zone can be formed under the wind speed below 1.55 m/s. A suitable safety evacuation routes were proposed to reduce the risk of exposure to hazardous gas. Finding from this work is useful to understand the risk of hazardous gas dispersion around Teluk Kalong industrial area.
Climate change impact on tropical cyclone evolution and storm surge severity in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Anuar N , Shafiai S H , Hashim A M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Analysing sound information and vast amount of reliable data on tides, waves and tropical cyclone genesis require tireless effort and a great deal of research time, in an ever changing climate conditions. Here, we investigate the strong monsoon wave height in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia using more than 20 years of hindcasted wave and tide level data collected at selected locations. A correlation analysis performed on maximum wave heights and surge levels indicated a weak strength of dependency but shown high occurrence during Northeast Monsoon period, concurred with previous storm surge data analysis. We use historical report of West-North Pacific tropical cyclone and global sea surface temperature information to elicit historic patterns of extreme storm tracks and passing distance to understand the trends over the collective years (1986-2012) and to project a concurrent events between the cyclone and surge data. The distance of passing cyclone in closer range does not gives the expected surge height in three out of five selected tide stations, but tropical cyclones in greater distance than 500 km seems to inject a high surge in the east coast. This paper provides a case study of effective cross-sector data analysis in a natural hazard context.
Thermal Effect of Short-term Overload on High-voltage Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) Cable Insulation
Authors: Zhu Wenwei , Wang Xiangbing , Liang Aiwu , Zhao Yifeng , Fan Xinghui , Liu Gang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper describes changes on micro-structure and aggregation structure of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) with different thermal histories after different times of overheating treatment to analogize the short-term fault or emergency overload in actual operating cables. 5, 10 and 20 times overheating treatment were conducted on a spare cable and a retired cable with service years of 32, whose insulation were analyzed by the diagnostic measurements of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The results show that the spare cable has presented a trend of improvement on the insulation properties after overheating treatment below 20 times, but slight deterioration occurs after 20 times overheating treatment; the retired cable with service years of 32 has presented a trend of degradation on the insulation properties at the first 5 times overheating treatment, and a severe deterioration occurs after 20 times overheating treatment.
Experimental Research on the Heat Transfer Characteristics on Train Body of Bullet Train
Authors: Shi Weibing , Li Li , Li Mengmeng , Zeng Xiao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to know the characteristic of heat transfer performance on train body, the DRH-300 instrument was used to investigate equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient of hollow-structure aluminum of bullet train “Fuxing”. It was analyzed that the same hollow-structure aluminium was under different temperature difference; while the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient with different position of train body was under same temperature difference. The experimental results showed that the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient of the same hollow-structure aluminum was the same under different temperature difference; the impact of the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient on different hollow-structure aluminum was different under the same temperature difference. It showed that heat convection in the hollow was tiny, compared with heat conduction. On the practical application, the reasonable structure was selected in accordance with practical needs, so as to reduce heat transfer and energy consumption of train.
Research on the Durability of Tools and the Burrs of Workpiece When Milling T700 Carbon Fibre-reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Wang Dazhen , Feng Peifeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research aimed to analyse the life and the wear of the coated tools with a diamond thin film, the uncoated cemented carbide tools, and the quality of machined surface, respectively, when milling T700 carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite using the optimal cutting parameters. The results indicate that (1) in the same cutting condition, the wear resistance of the coated tools with CVD diamond thin film is better, whose life is 7.5 times that of the uncoated cemented carbide tools. (2) The life of tools directly affects the quality of the machined surface. The size and density of burrs on the machined surface are proportional to the width of blade wear of tool when carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite was machined. The coated tools with diamond thin film by Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) can effectively prevent the chemical wear and diffusion wear of tools, which will make the blade wear of tools slow and uniform. (3) In practice, based on the quality, efficiency and processing economy, the tools need to be regularly checked when the workpiece is cut to 5.4m, 40.5m length for uncoated tools and coated tools, respectively.
Analysis of Climatic Characteristics and Multiple Corrosion Factors of Salty Spray Environment in Shenzhen
Authors: Liu Jun , Hu Lu , Song Yingqiu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the coastal salt fog area, there are many sources of atmospheric corrosion in the ocean. For the concrete structure, the effects of carbonization, sulfate, chloride and other complex effects should be considered. The experiment was carried out by setting up a station in the coastal salt fog area of Shenzhen, and the carbon dioxide and chloride ion content in the atmosphere were observed on the spot. The study found that the coastal environment of Shenzhen has the characteristics of high temperature and high humidity, and the rainfall is large. The average temperature in the past five years has reached 23.5 degrees Celsius and the average humidity has reached 75.4%. The atmospheric carbon dioxide content in the coastal salt spray area is higher in spring and winter, and lower in summer and autumn. The atmospheric chloride ion concentration in the coastal salt spray area is characterized by high winter and low summer temperatures throughout the year, and the annual chloride ion concentration fluctuates greatly.
Effect of Particle Flow Rates on Erosion Ratio in Particle Impingement Experiments
Authors: Lin Nan , He Renyang , Zhang Hao , Wang Junqiang , Ma Honglian , Huang Hui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Erosion caused by solid particles could not be neglected in oil and gas transportation industry, especially in gathering gas pipelines. Particles with small size may also erode the inner wall of pipelines after cumulative impacting and even lead to the leakage. Normally, a lot of solid particles are carried in the gathering gas before filtrating. Additionally, corrosion productions may fall off the wall as the gas flowing. Researches on erosion of pipeline caused by solid particles are important for predicting the remaining wall thickness, which can be a guide for pipeline inspection and safety protection. However, effect of particle flow rates on erosion ratio is normally omitted in studies on erosion ratio calculations. It was observed that particle flow rates have a great influence on the mass loss of specimens in the impingement experiments of this work. According to groups of Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) results obtained under various conditions, the particle velocity decreased when the particle flow rate was larger under the same experimental condition and the mass loss of the specimen became lower. Relations between particle velocity and particle flow rate under different experimental conditions were calculated according to the PTV results. Further, relations between erosion ratio and particle flow rate were purposed in this work. It is better to consider effect of particle flow rate while calculating solid particle erosion of pipelines in industry.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ultrafine Aluminum Phosphate Powder in CTAB System
Authors: Wu Zhifu , Guo Guiquan , Hu Liyun , Chen Hui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The phosphoric acid and aluminum hydroxide and CTAB reagents are used as raw materials. The ulrafine aluminum phosphate is prepared by liquid phase method. The sample composition and scanning electron microscope are used to observe the sample. Morphological characteristics were used to analyze the effects of CTAB and temperature of calcination on the morphology of aluminum phosphate powder.
Stress Analysis of the Circular Pier Anti-collision Box Made of Sandwich Plate with Stiffening Rib
Authors: Liu Wenfang , Shan Chenglin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The pier anti-collision box made of steel-polyurethane sandwich plate with stiffening ribs can withstand greater impact force. In order to ascertain the influence of stiffening ribs to anti-collision box, the static equivalent method is adopted to numerically calculate the stress and impact depth of the anti-collision box in the conditions of no stiffening rib and the different forms and amount of stiffening ribs. The results show that it can reduce the stress and deformation of anti-collision box to set vertical or horizontal stiffening rib separately, and the effect of the former is much better than the latter, but the decrease degree of vertical stress is different from horizontal stress. The stiffening rib in the box should not be too many; especially horizontal rib and vertical rib should be considered mainly. The anti-collision box with horizontal rib and vertical rib is mainly to reduce collision deformation; however, it can reduce little than the box with only vertical rib in the aspect of stress.
Flexible Wire Based on Silver Nanowires and Elastomer
Authors: Zhou Jianhui , Cao Jianguo , Cheng Chunfu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to solve the problem that the wire is difficult to have both elasticity and conductivity, a novel method for producing flexible wires based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) and elastomer has been proposed. This type of flexible wire is fabricated using a pre-stretching process and a glass sheet transfer process. Stretching test shows that after 50 times 0-30%-0 cycles of tensile test, the resistance growth rate relative to initial resistance is only 510%. The flexible wire can be widely used in flexible electronic devices.
Research on the Path Following Control of Intelligent Vehicle with Method of Added Planning Layer
Authors: Tang Chuanyin , Zhao Yafeng , Hou Jiahui , Chen Simin , Hu Quansheng , Gong Jue 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aimed at intelligent vehicles operating in complex driving environment, the paper is described on the basis that the reference trajectory has been determined. According to the vehicle running state and obstacle information, the vehicle’s running track can be adjusted in real time to solve the path planning problem and according to the re-planned reference track, the following control is carried out in the paper to avoid obstacles. Firstly, a point mass model is established which ignores the car body size. Secondly, on the premise that the size of obstacles is smaller than the car body size, according to the obstacle information obtained by the sensor and the established point mass model, the obstacle avoidance penalty function is established, then the objective function of the path planner is established. Finally, two working conditions: single obstacle and two obstacles, are set up to simulate and verify the designed obstacle avoidance trajectory following system. By observing the distance between the actual track and obstacles under different simulated speeds, varied range of front wheel angle and centre of mass side deflection angle, different range of angular velocity of lateral swing and lateral acceleration to verify whether the vehicles can successfully avoid obstacles with different speed and numbers of obstacles in order to maintain good driving stability in the process. Simulation results show that, under the control of the path following system added to the planning layer, intelligent vehicles in a complex driving environment can autonomously plan their paths, avoid obstacles, follow the path, and ensure good driving stability meanwhile.
A Fractal Prediction Model for Evaluating Normal Contact Stiffness of Micro-pitting Gear
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Liu Shijun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Estimating normal contact stiffness of micro-pitting is one important subject to study the dynamic fault characteristics of gear system. Combined with the fractal parameters of surface morphology and the distribution area of contact points on the microscopic scale, a fractal model of joint surface with normal contact stiffness was established by investigated the elastic-plastic contact mechanical properties of micro-convex. The estimated fractal parameters for micro-pitting characteristic was established with the macroscopic physical dimension of involute gear and microscopic physical cause of micro-pitting, to investigate normal contact stiffness of involute gear under different machining technology of tooth surface and different levels of micro-pitting. The result shows that the surface microscopic elements have different effects on normal load and normal contact stiffness. The surface contact coefficients are different along with the engagement point of the tooth profile, and improving the accuracy of the tooth surface (reducing the roughness) can improve the normal contact stiffness of meshing tooth surface. The normal contact stiffness of tooth is lower significantly with micro-pitting. The simulation results are consistent with the actual engineering. The proposed mathematical model of micro-pitting can be used as a basis for an analysis of dynamic response and expansion of micro-pitting.
Biocompatibility, Morphology, and Chemical Elements Composition of Indigenous Indonesian Wild Silkmoth Cocoon for Future Application in the Field of Biomaterial
Authors: Nindhia T. G. T. , Knejzlik Z. , Nindhia T. S. , Surata I W. , Ruml Tomas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Morphology of two indigenous Indonesian wild silkworm cocoons from the species of Cricula trifenestrata and Attacus atlas were identified and compared with common silkworm cocoon of Bombyx mori that was also grown in Indonesia. The equipment that was utilized for identification processes was scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBs) was used to identify the elements composition in the respective silkworm cocoon. The cell from the Type of U-2 OS was used for test of biocompatibility of the silkworm cocoon under cell culturing. The morphologies are presented in the report and the chemical element compositions are reported respectively. It is Interesting to be explored that both Indonesian wild silkworm cocoon have good biocompatibility as the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori.
The Misfit Strain Energy Collapse during Precipitation in Solid Transformations
Authors: Lei Liu , Qi Lai , Liang Li , Qiaochu Liu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The misfit strain energy collapse (MSEC) which results in the dendritic or split γ’ precipitating particles during solid transformations in Ni-base alloys is discovered. Three parameters of the MSEC function, the MSEC delay, the MSEC rate, and the initial value of the MSEC function, are correlated to the persistence of the isothermal cooling, the rate during the continuous cooling, and the initial misfit strain during nucleation respectively. The MSEC point is the intersection of the two crystal lattice parameters 𝑎𝛾’(T) and 𝑎𝛾(T) of the two different phases.
Facile preparation of magnetic carbon nanofiber composite from nata de coco for removal of methylene blue dye from water
Authors: Thaveemas P , Chuenchom L , Techasakul S , Watcharin W , Dechtrirat D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The facile synthesis of a magnetic 3D structured carbon nanofiber composite from nata de coco was demonstrated. Nata de coco was used as a readily available and renewable source of carbon in this study because of its high cellulose content in the form of nanofibers. Fe3+ was utilized as the magnetic particle source and as a pore activating agent. Nata de coco was freeze-dried, infiltrated with Fe3+solution, and subsequently pyrolyzed at 700 °C to prepare the magnetic carbon nanofiber composite. The resulting composite was then characterized via scanning electron microscopy, surface area and pore size analysis, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry. A magnetic carbon composite with a 3D fibrous and porous structure and a high surface area of 584 m2/g was successfully obtained. When used as an adsorbent, the sample completely adsorbed 10 ppm of methylene blue (MB) dye within 1 min. The composite can be simply regenerated using ethanol and can thus be reused. The excellent magnetic properties of the sorbent allow it to be readily separated from aqueous solutions by applying an external magnet. Hence, the sorbent is practical to use in real systems.
Effects of post-gamma irradiation on swelling and mechanical properties of gamma vulcanized natural rubber latex (GVNRL) films
Authors: Wicha G , Intharaprasit K , Wimolmala E , Markpin T , Saenboonruang K 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGamma vulcanized natural rubber latex (GVNRL) films have shown promising properties for various applications that require less hazardous chemicals used or released during manufacturing and/or utilization. Examples of potential applications include the uses as chemical-free latex gloves in medical or food-related facilities and as stretchable latex covers for food and agricultural products. However, due to possible degradation on swelling and mechanical properties of these films from post-gamma irradiation used for sterilization, thorough investigations are required in order to fully understand their possible changes and/or degradations in properties of interest. As a result, this work investigated on effects of post-gamma irradiation on swelling and mechanical properties of natural rubber latex (NRL) films, which were pre-vulcanized using 12-kGy and 24-kGy gamma irradiation. The properties of interest in this work included tensile modulus at 300% elongation, tensile strength, and elongation at break, as well as other related physical properties such as swelling ratios and crosslink densities. The results showed that, for samples before post-gamma irradiation, the GVNRL films with 24-kGy vulcanizing dose had higher tensile modulus, tensile strength, and crosslink density, but lower elongation at break and swelling ratio, than the films with 12-kGy vulcanizing dose. However, after post-gamma irradiation at the accumulated dose of 24 kGy, the films with 12-kGy vulcanizing dose showed significant improvements in the values of tensile modulus, tensile strength, and crosslink density, whereas the films with 24-kGy vulcanizing dose showed noticeably degradation in these properties. Hence, the overall results suggested that, while higher gamma vulcanizing doses could initially produce NRL films with higher mechanical strength, they were more negatively affected by post-gamma irradiation such that mechanical degradation could be observed.
The effect of hydroxylamine sulfate on the storage hardening of natural rubber
Authors: Promhuad Khwanchat , Smitthipong Wirasak 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) consists of rubber and non-rubber components, which is mostly cis-1, 4-polyisoprene. The main non-rubber components are proteins and phospholipids which are attached at each end of the NR chains. If we store NR for prolong period, the proteins and phospholipids promote formation of a NR network. This causes the gel formation with increasing the Mooney viscosity of NR, and this is called storage hardening. The objective of this work is to study the effect of hydroxylamine sulfate on the storage hardening of natural rubber. Three types of natural rubber sample were prepared: pure NR, NR with 0.2 phr of hydroxylamine sulfate, and NR with 2.0 phr of hydroxylamine sulfate. Samples were characterized immediately (time 0) and after 12 weeks of storage at room temperature. We found that gel content and Mooney viscosity of NR without hydroxylamine sulfate are increased with the storage hardening for 12 weeks. However, both NR samples with hydroxylamine sulfate represent constant viscosity values because hydroxylamine sulfate inhibits the network and gel formation in NR. This is important as the stabilization of NR properties in the function of time is required by rubber industry.
Effect of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber on the properties of silica-reinforced natural rubber
Authors: Sengloyluan K , Sangampai O , Uthaipan N , Tanrattanakul V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The effect of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) as a compatibilizer in silica-reinforced natural rubber (NR) is studied. NBR, Emulcril 3380 with 32-34%, was various at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 part per hundred parts of rubber (phr) to be used as a compatibilizer for silica-filled NR. The use of NBR as a compatiblizer can improve cure time (T90), cure rate index (CRI), and Mooney viscosity of silica-filled NR compounds, but the re-agglomeration of filler still observes. The use of NBR does not show significantly effect on bound rubber contents. However, tensile strength, reinforcement index and tear strength are increased with increasing amount of NBR contents due to a presence of some rubber-filler interaction through acrylonitrile groups of NBR and silanol groups on the silica surface. It leads to observe more surface roughness on tensile fractured surfaces.