bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo de la apropiación tecnológica con recursos educativos abiertos para el aprendizaje en educación primaria rural
Authors: Lizarazo Gómez Sandra Milena , Glasserman Morales Leonardo David , Ramírez Montoya María Soledad 
Published: May 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el desarrollo de la apropiación tecnológica en alumnos de educación primaria pertenecientes a un entorno rural, con un ambiente de aprendizaje que integró recursos educativos abiertos de contenidos en el área de matemáticas de operaciones básicas (adición, sustracción, multiplicación y división), solución de problemas, lectura y escritura de números; con el fin de contribuir en ambientes de aprendizaje de educación básica en contextos rurales. La pregunta de investigación fue: ¿Cómo se desarrolla la apropiación tecnológica en los alumnos de educación primaria rural al trabajar con recursos educativos abiertos? Se siguió una metodología cualitativa mediante un enfoque de estudio de casos múltiple instrumental (con tres casos de educación primaria en Colombia). Los datos se analizaron con el registro de observación, cuestionario, diario del investigador y análisis de los trabajos de los alumnos. Los resultados dieron cuenta que la apropiación tecnológica se alcanza a partir de las etapas de familiarización, utilización, integración, reorientación y evolución que permiten que los recursos sean empleados adecuadamente.
Does payment by results work? Lessons from a multi-country WASH programme
Authors: Howard Guy , White Zach 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Payment by results (PbR) for financing public services has attracted increasing interest over recent years in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector. PbR is attractive to funders as a mechanism because it focuses attention on results rather than inputs, and because it transfers a proportion of risk to suppliers. This paper reviews the experience of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) funded WASH Results Programme (WRP), which used PbR, drawing on a process evaluation and the experience of the first author in commissioning the programme, and the second author in evaluating it. The WRP met its targets for people reached with first-time access to water and sanitation and generated high-quality programme data. The PbR mechanism provided strong incentives to the suppliers to improve their monitoring systems. However, the suppliers tended to use tried and tested approaches, with limited innovation. It is critical to consider certain key elements in the design of PbR programmes, including the proportion of funding that uses PbR and the proportions of PbR that focuses on outputs and outcomes.
Valorization of phosphate waste rocks to Ag3PO4/hydroxyapatite for photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation
Authors: Labaali Zineb , Kholtei Sanaê , Naja Jamal 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A silver phosphate/hydroxyapatite (Ag3PO4/HA) composite was produced from phosphate waste rocks, firstly by the valorization of these wastes to HA and then by the treatment of this prepared HA with a silver nitrate solution. A type of response surface methodology, Box–Behnken experimental design, was used to find optimum synthesis parameters (silver to HA weight ratios, calcination temperature and calcination time). The visible light photodegradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution was used as the experimental response. The analysis of variance for the results showed that silver weight ratio is the most influential parameter on photoactivity of the synthesized photocatalyst. The optimum conditions were predicted to give an RhB degradation yield of 98.609%/4 hours under visible light conditions. In this context, a Ag/HA weight ratio of 14%, a calcination temperature of 300 °C, and a calcination time of 30 min were found to be the optimum conditions. Samples synthesized under the optimum condition were characterized by the use of X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy. By comparison with pure HA, the characterization results clearly showed the successful synthesis of the Ag3PO4/HA composite.
Innovative, compact and energy-efficient biofilm process for nutrient removal from wastewater
Authors: Rathnaweera S. S. , Rusten B. , Manamperuma L. D. , Wang S. , Helland B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rapid population growth, industrial development and stringent demand for treatment of wastewater require developing and emerging economies to upgrade existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or planning new WWTPs. In the context of unavailability or unaffordability of land and resources for infrastructure expansion, low cost, small footprint, less energy consumption and product reuse are some of the major factors to be considered when either upgrading or designing new WWTPs in developing and emerging economies. Although the transition from activated sludge to biofilm processes has partly solved these challenges, there are innovations that can make the processes even more compact and more efficient. Newly developed CFIC (continuous flow intermittent cleaning) process is the next generation moving bed biological wastewater treatment system and is an example for addressing these issues. The CFIC pilot studies showed promising performance for biological chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen removal as well as particle separation facilitating wastewater reuse.
In Vivo Toxicity Profile of NN-32 and Nanogold Conjugated GNP-NN-32 from Indian Spectacled Cobra Venom
Authors: Attarde Saurabh S. , Pandit Sangeeta V. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
NN-32 toxin, which was obtained from Naja naja venom and showed cytotoxicity
on cancer cell lines. As the toxicity of NN-32 is the main hurdle in the process of drug development;
hence, we have conjugated NN-32 toxin with gold nanoparticles (GNP-NN-32) in order to
decrease the toxicity of NN-32 without reducing its efficacy, GNP-NN-32 alleviated the toxicity of
NN-32 in in vitro studies during the course of earlier studies. In continuation, we are evaluating in vivo
toxicity profile of NN-32 and GNP-NN-32 in the present study.

Objective:
To study in vivo toxicity profile of NN-32 and nanogold conjugated GNP-NN-32 from Naja
naja venom.

Materials and Methods:
We have carried out in vivo acute toxicity study to determine LD50 dose of
GNP-NN-32, in vivo sub-chronic toxicity for 30 days, haematology, serum biochemical parameters
and histopathology study on various mice tissues and in vitro cellular and tissue toxicity studies.

Results:
The LD50 dose of GNP-NN-32 was found to be 2.58 mg/kg (i.p.) in Swiss male albino mice.
In vivo sub-chronic toxicity showed significantly reduced toxicity of GNP-NN-32 as compared to
NN-32 alone.

Discussion:
In vitro cellular toxicity studies on human lymphocyte and mouse peritoneal macrophage
showed significant inhibition of cells by NN-32 alone.

Conclusion:
Conjugated GNP-NN-32 toxin showed less in vivo toxicity as compared to pure NN-32.
Homology Modeling and Virtual Screening of Proteins Related to PXE and PXE-like Diseases: Insights for Overlapping Metabolites
Authors: Naima Jannatul , Abir Ruhshan A. , Hosen Mohammad J. 
Published: May 2020

Background:The molecular etiology of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE), an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder, has become increasingly complex as not only mutations in the ABCC6, but also in ENPP1 and GGCX, can cause resembling phenotypes.Methods:To get insights on the common pathway, the overlapping metabolites for these three proteins were predicted through 3D homology modeling and virtual screening. 3D homology models of ABCC6, ENPP1, and GGCX were generated by the MODELLER program, which were further validated using RAMPAGE and ERRAT servers. Substrate binding sites of ABCC6 were predicted using blind docking of reported in vitro substrates.Results:Virtual screening against the substrate binding site of ABCC6 using metabolites listed in Human Metabolome Databases (HMDB) revealed the best possible substrate of ABCC6. Those listed metabolites were further docked against predicted substrate binding sites of GGCX and ENPP1. Molecular docking and virtual screening revealed a list of 133 overlapping metabolites of these three proteins. Most of them are Phosphatidylinositol (PI), Phosphatidylserine (PS), Diacylglycerol (DAG), phosphatidic acid, oleanolic acid metabolites and were found to have links with calcification.Conclusion:These predicted overlapping metabolites may give novel insights for searching common pathomechanism for PXE and PXE-like diseases.
An UHPLC-UV Method for the Determination of Vancomycin in Human Serum
Authors: Fang Fang , Li Ning , Xu Chunli , Tan Rong , Yang Jihong , Zheng Zhichang 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
To develop a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatographic
(UHPLC)-UV method for vancomycin determination in human serum for
therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

Methods:
Human serum samples were precipitated with 10% perchloric acid, and the supernatant after
centrifugation was analyzed on an ACQUITY UHPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50mm, 1.7 μm) via
gradient elution with a flow rate at 0.3 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.005M
KH2PO4 buffer (containing 0.1% triethylamine, pH 3.4). The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm,
and the column temperature was set at 40°C. The total runtime was 6.0 min per analysis.

Results:
After comprehensive validation, the method was applied to determine the concentration of
vancomycin in human serum. The chromatographic peaks of vancomycin and internal standard were
not interfered by endogenous matrices. The Retention Time (RT) of vancomycin was 1.91 min, while
the internal standard was 1.58 min. The good linearity range of vancomycin concentration was 2.5-120
μg/mL (R2>0.999). The lower Limit of Quantitation (LLOQ) was 2.5 μg/mL. The precision at three
Quality Control (QC) levels (including LLOQ) was restricted within 85-115%. The extraction recovery
rate of QC samples (4.0, 20.0, and 60.0 μg/mL) were 101.16%, 97.70%, and 94.90%, respectively. Inter-
and intra-day precision was less than 8% (RSD). Stability tests under different storage conditions
were satisfactory. In patients, the concentration of vancomycin ranged from 7.30 to 89.12 μg/mL determined
by the fully validated method.

Conclusion:
The rapid sample pre-treatment procedures and short analysis time made this UHPLC-UV
method suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin.
Review on Recent Trials Evaluating the Effect of Intravitreal Injections of Anti-VEGF Agents on the Macular Perfusion of Diabetic Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Elnahry Ayman G. , Abdel-Kader Ahmed A. , Habib Ahmed E. , Elnahry Gehad A. , Raafat Karim A. , Elrakhawy Khaled 
Published: May 2020

Background:Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major cause of vision loss in diabetics worldwide. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have become the mainstay of treatment of vision loss due to DME. Long-term effects of these agents on the macular perfusion (MP) are a current concern.Objective:To review recently published studies that evaluated the effect of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents on the MP of diabetics with DME.Methods:Different databases were searched including PubMed, Medline, Ovid, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for relevant studies published between 2010 and 2019. All studies found were compared regarding methodology and results and included in this review. Some studies relating to retinal perfusion in general and not strictly MP were also included for comprehensiveness.Results:Several studies utilizing different anti-VEGF agents were identified. All the large randomized controlled clinical trials identified utilized primarily fluorescein angiography (FA) and human graders and found generally no worsening of MP associated with anti-VEGF agents use in diabetic patients with DME. Some of these studies, however, depended on post-hoc analysis. Several more recent, but smaller case series, have utilized the relatively new and non-invasive optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in this evaluation and found more conflicting results.Conclusion:The large clinical trials recently performed depended mainly on FA in the analysis of MP changes following injections and generally found no worsening of MP. More recently, smaller case series have utilized OCTA in this analysis, yielding more conflicting results. Large randomized controlled trials using OCTA are thus needed.
Nutraceuticals: A Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Framework in Different Countries of the World
Authors: Bansal Rohit , Dhiman Anju 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Nutraceutical is a term that is a combination of nutrition and pharmaceutical.
They are believed to improve physical and mental health and provide therapeutic benefit in disease
conditions. Nutraceuticals are claimed to be beneficial in several disease conditions which include
cardiovascular disorder, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders and cancer prevention.

Objective:
In the current review, we will study the current regulatory framework in some of the major
countries of the world by comparing different parameters of these regulations.

Findings:
Global nutraceutical market is currently expanding at a rapid pace but there are some restraints
to the market growth which include poor quality manufacturing and unharmonized regulations
leading to trade barriers across the globe. Although there are laws and regulations in place which govern
nutraceutical products in different countries, these regulations lack harmonization and differ from
country to country. Some of the countries follow stringent regulations, whereas, in some of the countries,
well-structured and stern regulations for nutraceuticals are lacking.

Conclusion:
The development of a well regulated, harmonized and research-driven approach can help
boost the confidence of consumers in nutraceutical products in the world thereby driving the nutraceutical
market.
X-ray Powder Diffraction Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool in Early Predicting Bioavailability of Pharmaceutical Formulation Containing Polymorphic Drug Substance
Authors: Mehata Abhishesh K. , Dehari Deepa , Ayyannan Senthil R. , Muthu Madaswamy S. 
Published: May 2020

:
X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) is a unique, solid-state analytical tool used to study the
3D structure of small or macromolecules by their x-ray diffraction or scattering patterns. X-ray diffraction
by a crystal reflects the periodicity of crystal architecture; any imperfections within the crystal architecture
can be easily identified by its poor diffraction pattern. Recently, an open crystallography database
reported that more than 85 % of drug compounds are crystalline and exist in different polymorphic
states. Physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical drug products composed of active pharmaceutical
ingredients (APIs) and excipients are interdependent on the physical state and forms in which
APIs are distributed in excipients that determine the in-vivo and ex-vivo performance of the product.
Amorphous APIs have relatively higher dissolution and bioavailability than crystalline form but with
lower phase stability. During the formulation development and storage phase, the conversion is higher
that largely impacts the bioavailability of the drug product. In this manuscript, we have presented the
case study of itraconazole and apigenin; both are crystalline APIs, that, with the help of solid dispersion
technology, are converted into amorphous drug products with enhanced oral bioavailability. The realtime
monitoring of the physical form of API in the formulation was possible with the help of XRPD
and other supporting data obtained from differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), which can be correlated
with the dissolution and in-vivo performance of the formulation.
Ion Conducting Studies in PEO:NaI and its Composite: Carrier Density Approach
Authors: Mehrotra Kushal , Singh Divya , Bhattacharya Bhaskar 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The modulation in electrical conductivity of polymer electrolyte,
viz., polyethylene oxide (PEO) complexed with different concentrations of sodium iodide is
studied. The role of mobility and charge concentration in the electrical conductivity of polymer
electrolytes is established.

Methods:
The complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) method is used to measure the electrical
conductivity of film.

Results:

Conclusion:
The polarized optical microscopy (POM) is used to study the morphology of
the surface of PEO, PEO+NaI films dispersed with Si.
Evaluación sistemática del desempeño térmico de un módulo experimental de vivienda alto andina para lograr el confort térmico con energía solar
Authors: Molina Fuertes Juan Omar , Horn Mutschler Manfred Josef , Gómez León Mónica Marcela 
Published: May 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar experimentalmente el desempeño térmico de un Módulo Experimental de Vivienda (MEV), construido en la región Alto Andina, mediante la evaluación sistemática de doce configuraciones de operatividad diferentes, desde el manejo nocturno de contraventanas hasta actividad humana, uso de cocinas a gas y uso de dos sistemas de calefacción solar activos. Este objetivo se fundamenta en las mediciones de temperatura y humedad, considerando la primera como el parámetro principal de análisis térmico para verificar el desempeño térmico del MEV mediante la variación de la temperatura interior respecto al exterior, según la configuración del MEV dado a que la variación entre la temperatura diaria promedio interior y exterior muestra la eficacia de las estrategias de calentamiento o enfriamiento. En base a ello, los incrementos de temperatura en el interior del MEV, considerando una operatividad concienzuda de sus técnicas bioclimáticas implementadas, son del orden de 9,5 °C en promedio y, de hasta 16,6 °C en horas críticas de la madrugada respecto a la temperatura exterior de -7,1 °C a las 6 a.m.
El estudio se complementa con simulaciones térmicas dinámicas utilizando el software EnergyPlus apoyado del entorno gráfico en 3D SketchUp, e interfaz OpenStudio para determinar la temperatura interior y validarlo con la temperatura interior real medida. Los resultados muestran un buen acuerdo entre la simulación y los datos experimentales, con un error cuadrático medio de 15 y 16 % en los ambientes del MEV.
The Influence of Rib Configuration on Bond Strength Development between Steel and Concrete
Authors: Gull Sarvat , Wani Shoib B. , Amin Ishfaq 
Published: May 2020

The bond strength between rebar and concrete is important for the quality performance of reinforced concrete structures. At the interface, bond strength development mainly depends on surface configuration. Different rib configuration improves the strength significantly in high yield rebars as compared to mild steel. This study examines the bond strength behavior of ordinary MS (Mild Steel) rebars, HYSD (High Yield Strength Deformed) parallel rib, and HYSD diamond rib rebars. Experimental analysis to obtain pull-out behavior of rebar in concrete was based on IS 2770 Part I – 1967: Reaffirmed 2007; Indian Standard Methods of Testing Bond in Reinforced Concrete. Importantly, the concrete of M30 grade was used and a total of nine specimens were tested. The cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast with centrally embedded rebar provided up to 20 mm from their bottom faces. Additionally, the pull-out test was conducted in 1000 kN capacity Universal Testing Machine. The usable bond strength values were calculated from the load at 0.025 mm free and 0.25 mm loaded end slips. The results showed that the usable bond strength value of HYSD diamond rib rebars is very large compared to MS and appreciably greater than HYSD parallel rib. Moreover, the usable bond strength of HYSD diamond rib rebars is 60.06% and 35.60 % greater than that of the MS rebars and HYSD parallel rib pattern rebars, respectively. The high frictional resistance developed in the bond strength test of HYSD diamond rib rebars because of the better mechanical interlocking. This was primarily due to the presence of a more frictional surface area of lugs.
Pre Eliminary Study : Pengaruh Pemberian First Line Drug Antituberculosis Terhadap Jumlah Hydropic Swelling Pada Sel Hepar Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus Novergicus Strain Wistar) Yang Diinduksi Selama dua Minggu”.
Authors: Djauhari Thontowi 
Published: May 2020

Konsumsi First Line Drug Antituberculosis menyebabkan gangguan hati diakibatkan oleh stress oksidatif, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan hati yang dapat dilihat pada peningkatan jumlah hydropic swelling pada sel hepar tikus. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pendahuluan dengan memberikan First Line Drug Antituberculosis selama dua minggu. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh First Line Drug Antituberculosis terhadap jumlah hydropic swelling sel hati pada tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi selama dua minggu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian True experimental dengan post test only control group design. menggunakan 10 tikus dalam 2 kelompok, kontrol positif (diinduksi First Line Drug Antituberculosis), kontrol negatif (tidak diinduksi obat). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna pada perlakuan antara K- dan K+ dengan meggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan, dengan hasil signifikansi t- test (p<0,05). Kesimpulan yang didapatkan ada pengaruh pemberian First Line Drug Antituberculosis (pirazinamid, etambutol, Isoniazid, Rifampicin) terhadap jumlah hydropic swelling pada sel hati tikus putih jantan (Rattus Novergicus Strain Wistar) yang diinduksi selama dua minggu.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex : A Case Report
Authors: Rofiq Aunur , Setyowati Lita , Nugrahani Aninda Fitri 
Published: May 2020

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant inherited neurocutaneous disorder. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex is caused by mutations in tumor suppressor gene (TSC), both TSC1 and TSC2. In approximately two-thirds of cases neither parent has signs of TSC and the disease is caused by a de novo mutation. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex is classically identified by the Vort's triad in the presence of angiofibroma, mental retardation, and epilepsy. A 17-year-old woman with a major complaint of a facial bump that appeared at birth and got bigger when she reached puberty. There are white patches on the patient's body from birth. On the scalp obtained the presence of skin color plaque, while at the back and right knee obtained shagreen patch. Patientwas diagnosed with epilepsy and mental retardation by the pediatric department. No family history has the same complaints as patient. Histopathologic examination of facial bumps taken by shaving biopsy suggests the presence of hemangiomas. Based on the clinical diagnostic criteria from International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference 2012, the patient meets two major criteria, macular hypopigmentation and shagreen patch so it is included in "definite diagnosis".