bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension in Northern China: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xu Xiaoqian , Bao Han , Tian Zixuan , Zhu Hao , Zhu Lige , Niu Liwei , Yan Tao , Dong Hairong , Fang Xin , Zhang Xingguang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Hypertension has always been a worldwide health concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension among adult residents of northern China, where people usually have a high-fat, high-salt diet and heavy alcohol consumption.Methods: Through the Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Project for High Risk Groups of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of northern China, we collected data of 70,380 residents, from September 2015 to June 2017. We assessed the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the total population and subpopulations.Results: Among participants, only 13.4% had optimal blood pressure levels. About 55.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 55.3%–56.1%) of the participants had hypertension. The national standardized and the regional standardized prevalence rate was 49.4% and 55.4%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression showed that old age, male, Han, living in rural, farmer, current drinker, not married, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia were associated with hypertension. In addition, the awareness, treatment, control and control under treatment rate of hypertension were 52.8% (95% CI: 52.3%–53.3%), 43.3% (95% CI: 42.8%–43.8%), 8.6% (95% CI: 8.3%–8.9%) and 19.8% (95% CI: 19.2%–20.4%), respectively. And the 70,380 population subgroups varied with respect to hypertension prevalence (range 32.6%-73.4%), awareness (35.1%-76.2%), treatment (24.9%-64.6%), control (3.9%-20.4%), and control under treatment (11.2%-31.6%). Controlled hypertension were less common in those younger age, Mongol, not married, farmer and current drinker. Conclusion: Most patients of hypertension are going undetected and uncontrolled in northern China. Even if patients with hypertension are under treatment, hypertension can remain inadequately controlled.
Insight of Transcriptional Regulators reveals the Tolerance Mechanism of Carpet-grass (Axonopus compressus) Against Drought
Authors: Nawaz Mohsin , Li Liao , Azeem Farrukh , Shabbir Samina , Zohaib Ali , Ashraf Umair , Yang Hubiao , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Carpet grass [Axonopus compressus (L.)] is an important warm-season perennial grass around the world and is known for its adaptability to varied environmental conditions. However, Carpet grass lacks enough data in public data banks, which confined our comprehension of the mechanisms of environmental adaptations, gene discovery, and development of molecular markers. In current study, the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in Axonopus compressus under drought stress (DS) were identified and compared with CK (control) by RNA-Seq.Results: A total of 263,835 unigenes were identified in Axonopus compressus, and 201,303 (also added to the numbers of the remaining 2 databases) a sequence of unigenes significantly matched in at least one of the seven databases. A total of 153697 (58.25%) unigenes classified to 144 KEGG pathways, and 7,444 unigenes were expressed differentially between DS and CK, of which 4,249 were up-regulated and 3,195 were down-regulated unigenes. Of the 50 significantly enriched GO terms, 18, 6, and 14 items were related to BP, CC, and MF respectively. Analysis of KEGG enrichment revealed 2569 DEGs involved in 143 different pathways, under drought stress. 2,747 DEGs were up-regulated and 2,502 DEGs were down-regulated. Moreover, we identified 352 transcription factors (TFs) in Axonopus compressus, of which 270 were differentially expressed between CK and DS. The qRT-PCR validation experiment also supports the transcriptional response of Axonopus compressus against drought. Accuracy of transcriptome unigenes of Axonopus compressus was assessed with BLAST, which showed 3,300 sequences of Axonopus compressus in the NCBI.Conclusion: The 7,444 unigenes were found to be between DS and CK treatments, which indicate the existence of a strong mechanism of drought tolerance in Axonopus compressus. The current findings provide the first framework for further investigations for the particular roles of these unigenes in Axonopus compressus in response to drought.
Implementation of Highly Challenging Balance Training for Parkinson’s disease in Clinical Practice: A Process Evaluation
Authors: Leavy Breiffni , Joseph Conran , Kwak Lydia , Franzén Erika 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Process evaluations provide contextual insight into the way in which interventions are delivered. This information is essential when designing strategies to implement programs into wider clinical practice. We performed a process evaluation of the HiBalance effectiveness trial investigating the effects of a 10-week of highly challenging and progressive balance training for mild-moderate Parkinson’s disease (PD). Study aims were to investigate i) the quality and quantity of intervention delivery and ii) barriers and facilitators for implementation. Methods: Process outcomes included; Fidelity; Dose (delivered and received) Recruitment and Reach. Investigation of barriers and facilitators was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Program delivery was assessed across four neurological rehabilitation sites during a two-year period. Data collection was mixed-methods in nature and quantitative and qualitative data were merged during the analysis phase. Results: Thirteen program trainers delivered the intervention to 12 separate groups during 119 training sessions. Trainer fidelity to program core components was very high in 104 (87%) of the sessions. Participant responsiveness to the core components was generally high, although adherence to the home exercise program was low (50%). No significant context-specific differences were observed across sites in terms of fidelity, dose delivered/ received or participant characteristics, despite varying recruitment methods. Facilitators to program delivery were; PD-specificity, high training frequency and professional autonomy. Perceived barriers included; cognitive impairment, absent reactional balance among participants, as well a heterogeneous group in relation to balance capacity. Conclusion: These findings provide corroborating evidence for outcome evaluation results and valuable information for the further adaptation and implementation of this program. Important lessons can also be learned for researchers and clinicians planning to implement challenging exercise training programs for people with mild-moderate PD. ﻿Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02727478, registered 30 march − Retrospectively registered. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02727478
T cell phenotypes associated with insulin resistance: Results from the Berlin Aging Study II
Authors: Sbierski-Kind Julia , Goldeck David , Buchmann Nikolaus , Spranger Joachim , Volk Hans-Dieter , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Pawelec Graham , Demuth Ilja , Spira Dominik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundObesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation leading to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but a subset of obese individuals is considered insulin sensitive (IS). The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms remain elusive and clinical studies on the relationship between inflammatory markers and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) are scarce.MethodsIn this cross-sectional analysis, we included a sample of 437 older participants (60-84 years) from the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, immune cell subsets were analyzed with multiparameter flow cytometry and systemic cytokine levels were measured. Immune cell parameters were correlated with metabolic measures and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted and adjusted for various demographic and clinical factors.ResultsWe found that frequencies of naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells inversely correlated with measures for insulin sensitivity in the older population. Moreover, the percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher, whereas activated T cells and IL-6 levels were lower in IS compared to insulin resistant (IR) obese individuals. The percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were predictive for impaired insulin sensitivity (ß=0.16, p=0.01 and ß=0.11, p=0.04), and the association of naïve CD4+ T cells with insulin sensitivity persisted after multivariate adjustment (ß=0.14, p=0.02). ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that parameters of systemic inflammation can differentiate IS from IR obese individuals that are at higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases and may have clinical implications with regard to obesity treatment stratification.Trial registration: DRKS00009277. Registered 31 August 2015 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.base2.mpg.de/de
Reducing the use of physical restraints in home care - Development and feasibility testing of a multicomponent program to support the implementation of a guideline
Authors: Vandervelde Sara , Scheepmans Kristien , Milisen Koen , Achterberg Theo van , Vlaeyen Ellen , Flamaing Johan , de Casterlé Bernadette Dierckx 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: A validated evidence-based guideline was developed to reduce physical restraint use in home care. However, the implementation of guidelines in home care is challenging. Therefore, this study aims to systematically develop and evaluate a multicomponent program for the implementation of the guideline for reducing the use of physical restraints in home care.Methods: Intervention Mapping was used to develop a multicomponent program. This method contains six steps. Each step comprises several tasks towards the design, implementation and evaluation of an intervention; which is theory and evidence informed, as well as practical. To ensure that the multicomponent program would support the implementation of the guideline in home care, a feasibility study of eight months was organized in one primary care district in Flanders, Belgium. A concurrent mixed methods design was used to evaluate the multicomponent program consisting of a knowledge test, focus groups and an online survey. Results: The Social Cognitive Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior are the foundations of the multicomponent program. Based on modeling, active learning, guided practice, belief selection and resistance to social pressure, eight practical applications were developed to operationalize these methods. The key components of the program are: the ambassadors for restraint-free home care (n = 15), the tutorials, the physical restraint checklist and the flyer. The results of the feasibility study show the necessity to select uniform terminology and definition for physical restraints, to involve all stakeholders from the beginning of the process, to take time for the implementation process, to select competent ambassadors and to collaborate with other home care providers.Conclusions: The multicomponent program shows promising results. Prior to future use, further research needs to focus on the last two steps of Intervention Mapping (program implementation plan and developing an evaluation plan), to guide implementation on a larger scale and to formally evaluate the effectiveness of the multicomponent program.
Fluid flow exposure promotes Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and adhesion of breast cancer cells to endothelial cells
Authors: Fuh Kenneth F. , Shepherd Robert D. , Withell Jessica S. , Kooistra Brayden K. , Rinker Kristina D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Mechanical interactions between tumor cells and microenvironments are frequent phenomena during breast cancer progression, however, it is not well understood how interactions in the magnitude of those encountered in the vascular microenvironment affect expression of genes related to Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and adhesion to endothelial cells. EMT is associated with the progression of most carcinomas through induction of new transcriptional programs within affected epithelial cells, resulting in cells becoming more motile and adhesive to endothelial cells. Methods: MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, BT-474, and MCF-7 cells and normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMECs) were exposed to fluid flow in a parallel-plate bioreactor system. Changes in gene expression were quantified using microarrays and qPCR, gene-gene interactions were elucidated using network analysis, and key modified genes were examined in clinical datasets. Changes in protein expression of key EMT markers between chemically induced EMT and flow-exposed cells were compared in immunocytochemistry assays. Finally, the ability of flow-stimulated and unstimulated cancer cells to adhere to an endothelial monolayer was evaluated in flow and static adhesion experiments. Results: Fluid flow stimulation resulted in upregulation of EMT inducers and downregulation of repressors. Specifically, Vimentin and Snail were upregulated both at the gene and protein expression levels in flow stimulated HMECs, suggesting progression towards an EMT phenotype. Flow-induced overexpression of a panel of cell adhesion genes was also observed. Network analysis revealed genes involved in cell flow responses including FN1, PLAU, and ALCAM. When evaluated in clinical datasets, overexpression of FN1, PLAU, and ALCAM was observed in patients with most subtypes of breast cancer. We also observed increased adhesion of flow-stimulated breast cancer cells compared to unstimulated controls, suggesting an increased potential to form secondary tumors at metastatic sites. Conclusions: This study shows that fluid forces on the order of 1 Pa promote EMT and adhesion of breast cancer cells to an endothelial monolayer and identified biomarkers were distinctly expressed in patient populations. A better understanding of how biophysical forces such as shear stress affect cellular processes involved in metastatic progression of breast cancer is important for identifying new molecular markers for disease progression, and for predicting metastatic risk.
Effects of exogenous nerve growth factor on the expression of BMP-9 and VEGF in the healing of rabbit mandible fracture with local nerve injury
Authors: Yang Sen , Cheng Jiao , Man Cheng , Jiang Lian , Long Guogeng , Zhao Wenjun , Zheng Dexin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The fracture of the mandible remains one of the most facial fractures and its healing is a complex process, involving nerve and growth factors. Currently, nerve growth factor not only benefits maintenance of sympathetic neurite growth but also takes part in the intricate regulatory network to stimulate other growth factors such as bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promote together essential osteogenesis and angiogenesis to physiological bone formation, growth and fracture healing. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the combination of nerve growth factor (NGF), bone morphogenic protein-9 (BMP-9), and VEGF to accelerate the healing rate of mandible fracture.Methods: The models of mandible fracture with local nerve injury established in forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into nerve growth factor group (NGF group), gelatin sponge group (GS group), blank group, and intact group with 12 rabbits in each group. The fracture healing was observed with visual and X-ray after the operation, then callus tissue in the mandibular fracture area were collected for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining observation, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of BMP-9 and VEGF in callus at different stages.Results: The combined results of macroscopic observation, X-ray examination, and histological section showed that a large number of osteoblasts and some vascular endothelial cells were found around the trabecular bone in the NGF group and the amount of callus formation and reconstruction was better than GS group at the 2nd weeks after the operation. QRT-PCR result indicated that the expression levels of BMP-9 mRNA and VEGF mRNA in the four groups reached the highest value at the 2nd week, and then decreased with time. At the same time, the content of BMP-9 and VEGF in callus tissue in the mandibular fracture area increased significantly in the NGF group than the GS group.Conclusion: The exogenous NGF could improve the expressions of BMP-9 and VEGF at the early stage of mandibular fracture to accelerate the healing of mandible fracture. This work will provide a new foundation and theoretical basis to make a clear mechanism of fracture healing, thereby promoting patients’ fracture healing and reducing their disability rate.
Effects of Continuous Cropping of Sweet Potatoes on the Bacterial Community Structure in Rhizospheric Soil
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Hu Yaya , Han Meikun , Xu Junjie , Wang Xue , Liu Lanfu , Tang Zhonghou , Jiao Weijing , Jin Rong , Liu Ming , Guan Zhengjun , Ma Zhimin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Continuous cropping obstacles from sweet potatoes are widespread, which seriously reduce the yield and quality, causing certain economic losses. Bacteria of rhizospheric soil are the richest and are associated with obstacles to continuous cropping. However, few studies have examined how continuous sweet potato cropping affects the rhizospheric soil bacterial community structure. Results: In the study, the Illumina MiSeq method was used to explore the variations inrhizospheric soil bacterial community structure of different sweet potato varieties after continuous cropping, as well as the correlation between soil characteristics and the bacterial community. The results showed that (1) the dominant bacterial phyla in rhizospheric soils from both Xushu 18 and Yizi 138 were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The most dominant genus was Subgroup 6_norank. The relative abundance of rhizospheric soil bacteria varied significantly between the two sweet potato varieties. (2) The richness and diversity indexes of bacteria were higher in Xushu 18 rhizospheric soil than in Yizi 138 soil after continuous cropping. Moreover, beneficial Lysobacter and Bacillus were more prevalent in Xushu 18, while Yizi 138 contained more harmful Gemmatimonadetes. (3) Soil pH decreased after continuous cropping, and redundancy analysis indicated that soil pH was significantly correlated with the bacterial community. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated that pH was positively associated with Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria, but negatively associated with Actinobacteria and Firmicutes.Conclusions: After continuous cropping, the bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties of sweet potato rhizospheric soil were changed, and the changes from different sweet potato varieties were different. The contents of Lysobacter and Bacillus were higher in the sweet potato variety resistant to continuous cropping. It provides a basis for developing new microbial fertilizers for sweet potatoes to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle.
Predictors of acute cardiovascular events following acute exacerbation period for patients with COPD: a nested case-control study
Authors: Hu Weiping , Lhamo Tsokyi , Zhang Feng-ying , Hang Jing-qing , Zuo Yi-hui , Hua Jian-lan , Li Shan-qun , Zhang Jing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background It has been noted that there is an increase in the incidence of acute cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during an acute exacerbation (AE) , thereby causing increased inpatient mortality. Thus, we have tried to identify predictors of acute CVEs in patients with AECOPD via a nested case-control study.Methods A total of 496 cases hospitalized for AECOPD were included in this study, and followed-up for up to 6 months after discharge. Acute CVEs in the AE period were defined as a new or worsening acute coronary syndrome (ACS), arrhythmia, left ventricular disfunction (LVD). Predictors of CVEs were selected from several variables, including baseline characteristics and treatments in the stable period as well as symptoms, laboratory tests, complications and treatments in the AE period. Results Thirty cases (6.05%) had acute CVEs, namely 2 had ACS, 13 had LVD and 19 experienced some form of arrhythmia. Four deaths were observed in the CVE group, with significantly increased death risk compared with the non-CVE group (P=0.001, OR=5.81). Moreover, patients who had CVEs were more prone to have re-exacerbation within 3 months. Multivariate analysis showed that previous LVD history (P=0.004, OR=5.06), 20% increase in heart rate (HR) (P=0.003, OR= 10.19), electrolyte disturbance (P=0.01, OR= 4.24) and diuretics (P=0.002, OR = 6.37) were independent predictors of CVEs. In addition, usage of theophylline, fluoroquinolone and inhaled beta agonists in the AE period were not statistically associated with acute CVEs. Conclusions Our preliminary study indicates that patients hospitalized for AECOPD with previous LVD history or increased HR need close observation and diuretics should be cautiously used with regular electrolyte monitoring. These findings need to be confirmed in a large cohort.
Hiperdontia em paciente portadora de displasia cleidocraniana, acompanhamento de 14 anos: relato de caso
Authors: Teslenco Vítor Bruno , Barros Maylson Alves Nogueira , Pancini Everton Floriano , Cavalcanti Herbert de Abreu , Reis Guilherme Nucci dos 
Published: December 2020

Introdução: Anomalias de forma, tamanho, formato, número, estrutura, e erupção dentária são comumente vistas dentro da odontologia. Dentre elas temos a hiperdontia ou dentes suprenumerários. A etiologia desta patologia não foi realmente esclarecida, porém estas anormalidades são gerenciadas por um complexo sistema de interação genética e ambiental. Objetivo: relatar à comunidade científica um caso diagnosticado como displasia cleidocraniana, onde foram removidos 34 dentes supranumerários de uma paciente. Relato de caso: Paciente do gênero feminino, 12 anos de idade, diagnosticada com displasia cleidocranina. Foram realizados um total de 04 procedimentos, para remoção dos dentes e tracionamento dos permanentes impactados. Todos os procedimentos foram realizados sob anestesia local. Conclusão: O principal fator a se considerar para que busquemos o sucesso no tratamento destes pacientes é o diagnóstico precoce. Desta maneira, podemos buscar de maneira multidisciplinar um adequado plano de tratamento, evitando complicações futuras ao paciente portador da síndrome.
Descritores: Dente Impactado; Dente Supranumerário; Cirurgia Bucal; Displasia Cleidocraniana.
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