bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LncRNA FAM83H‐AS1 promotes oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression via miR‐10a‐5p/Girdin axis
Authors: Feng Bo , Wang Gaoyan , Liang Xiaoliang , Wu Zheng , Wang Xinchen , Dong Zhiming , Guo Yanli , Shen Supeng , Liang Jia , Guo Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been well demonstrated to emerge as crucial regulators in cancer progression, and they can function as regulatory network based on their interactions. Although the biological functions of FAM83H‐AS1 have been confirmed in various tumour progressions, the underlying molecular mechanisms of FAM83H‐AS1 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remained poorly understood. To address this, we treated human oesophageal cancer cell line Eca109 cells with TGF‐β and found FAM83H‐AS1 was notably overexpressed. In the present study, FAM83H‐AS1 was observed to be significantly up‐regulated in ESCC tissues and was associated with TNM stage, pathological differentiation and lymph node metastasis. FAM83H‐AS1 reinforced oesophageal cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and participated in epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, a concordant regulation between FAM83H‐AS1 and its sense strand FAM83H was detected at the transcriptional and translational levels. Furthermore, FAM83H‐AS1 could act as competing endogenous RNA to affect the expression of Girdin by sponging miR‐10a‐5p verified by RIP and luciferase reporter assays. Consequently, the study provided a unique perspective of FAM83H‐AS1 in ESCC progression, which may be considered as potential biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC therapy.
The multiscale architecture of tessellated cartilage and its relation to function
Authors: Seidel Ronald , Jayasankar Aravind K. , Dean Mason N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhen describing the architecture and ultrastructure of animal skeletons, introductory biology, anatomy and histology textbooks typically focus on the few bone and cartilage types prevalent in humans. In reality, cartilage and bone are far more diverse in the animal kingdom, particularly within fishes (Chondrichthyes and Actinopterygii), where cartilage and bone types are characterized by features that are anomalous or even pathological in human skeletons. This review discusses the curious and complex architectures of shark and ray tessellated cartilage, highlighting similarities and differences with their mammalian skeletal tissue counterparts. By synthesizing older anatomical literature with recent high‐resolution structural and materials characterization work, this review frames emerging pictures of form–function relationships in this tissue and of the evolution and true diversity of cartilage and bone.
Modest alcohol intake not associated with significant hepatic steatosis or more severe liver disease among patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tan Eunice Zhi‐Yi , Lai Lee‐Lee , Vethakkan Shireene Ratna , Nik Mustapha Nik Raihan , Mahadeva Sanjiv , Chan Wah‐Kheong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of modest alcohol intake on prevalence of significant hepatic steatosis and severity of liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study on T2DM patients. Modest alcohol intake was defined as alcohol intake ≤ 21 units/week in men and ≤ 14 units/week in women. Significant hepatic steatosis was diagnosed on the basis of controlled attenuation parameter > 263 dB/m, while advanced fibrosis was diagnosed on the basis of liver stiffness measurement ≥ 9.6 kPa using M probe or ≥ 9.3 kPa using XL probe. Patients with liver stiffness measurement ≥ 8.0 kPa were offered liver biopsy.ResultsFive hundred fifty‐seven patients underwent transient elastography, and 71 patients underwent liver biopsy. The prevalence of modest drinking was 16.5%. Modest drinking was equally prevalent among ethnic Indians and Chinese at 22.9% and 23.3%, respectively, but uncommon among ethnic Malays at 1.7%. Modest drinkers were more likely to be male, smoked, and had significantly lower glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, and platelet count. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of significant hepatic steatosis or advanced fibrosis based on transient elastography and steatohepatitis or advanced fibrosis between modest drinkers and nondrinkers. The prevalence of significant hepatic steatosis was higher among ethnic Malays and Indians compared with ethnic Chinese, but the Chinese did not have a lower prevalence of more severe liver disease.ConclusionModest alcohol intake is not associated with higher prevalence of significant hepatic steatosis or more severe liver disease among patients with T2DM.
Diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in clinical practice: A survey among Dutch neurologists
Authors: Broers Merel C. , van Doorn Pieter A. , Kuitwaard Krista , Eftimov Filip , Wirtz Paul W. , Goedee Stephan , Lingsma Hester F. , Jacobs Bart C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is often a challenge. The clinical presentation is diverse, accurate biomarkers are lacking, and the best strategy to initiate and maintain treatment is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine how neurologists diagnose and treat CIDP. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey on diagnostic and treatment practices among Dutch neurologists involved in the clinical care of CIDP patients. Forty‐four neurologists completed the survey (44/71; 62%). The respondents indicated to use the European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS/PNS) 2010 CIDP guideline for the diagnosis in 77% and for treatment in 50%. Only 57% of respondents indicated that the presence of demyelinating electrophysiological findings was mandatory to confirm the diagnosis of CIDP. Most neurologists used intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) as first choice treatment, but the indications to start, optimize, or withdraw IVIg, and the use of other immune‐modulatory therapies varied. University‐affiliated respondents used the EFNS/PNS 2010 diagnostic criteria, nerve imaging tools, and immunosuppressive drugs more often. Despite the existence of an international guideline, there is considerable variation among neurologists in the strategies employed to diagnose and treat CIDP. More specific recommendations regarding: (a) the minimal set of electrophysiological requirements to diagnose CIDP, (b) the possible added value of nerve imaging, especially in patients not meeting the electrodiagnostic criteria, (c) the most relevant serological examinations, and (d) the clear treatment advice, in the new EFNS/PNS guideline, would likely support its implementation in clinical practice.
Inhibition of thymic stromal lymphopoietin production to improve pruritus and quality of life in infants and children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Fitoussi Julie , Virassamynaïk Sandrine , Callejon Sylvie , Weber Sophie , Collet Eloïse , Scalia Julie , Chavagnac‐Bonneville Marlène , Trompezinski Sandra , Sayag Michèle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory pruritic chronic dermatosis involving the alarmin thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which is directly implicated in AD pruritus.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy of Tambourissa trichophylla leaf extract (TTLE) titrated in polyphenols and 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in vitro and in vivo for AD pruritus.Patients/MethodsInitially, in vitro assessment of TSLP production in keratinocytes was undertaken. In normal human keratinocytes in vitro, TSLP was induced by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly:IC), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interleukin (IL)‐4 and then quantified by ELISA in supernatants. Some cells were pretreated with TTLE and/or GA. Thereafter, an in vivo clinical study was performed including 48 infants and children with mild to severe AD flare‐ups, some of which were treated with topical corticosteroids. A topical spray containing TTLE and GA was applied. After 21 days of topical spray application, pruritus, sleeplessness, the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, the Infant's Dermatitis Quality of Life index (IDQOL), and the Dermatitis Family Impact Questionnaire (DFIQ) were assessed.ResultsThymic stromal lymphopoietin secretion was inhibited significantly in an AD environment by TTLE and GA by up to 57.2% and 73.3%, respectively. The use of the topical spray induced a significant reduction in pruritus and sleeplessness scores, as well as the SCORAD, IDQOL, and DFIQ indexes in the total group. Similar results were observed in patient subgroups with or without topical corticosteroid treatment.ConclusionsA topical spray containing TTLE and GA, which inhibit TSLP secretion, efficiently decreases AD pruritus and improves the quality of life of AD patients.
Hedging against biodiversity loss: Forest herbs’ performance in hedgerows across temperate Europe
Authors: Vanneste Thomas , Van Den Berge Sanne , Riské Enya , Brunet Jörg , Decocq Guillaume , Diekmann Martin , Graae Bente J. , Hedwall Per‐Ola , Lenoir Jonathan , Liira Jaan , Lindmo Sigrid , Litza Kathrin , Naaf Tobias , Orczewska Anna , Wulf Monika , Verheyen Kris , De Frenne Pieter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuestionsHow do contrasting environmental conditions among forests and hedgerows affect the vegetative and reproductive performance of understorey forest herbs in both habitats? Can hedgerows support reproductive source populations of forest herbs, thus potentially allowing progressive dispersal of successive generations along these linear habitats?LocationHedgerows and deciduous forest patches in agricultural landscapes across the European temperate biome.MethodsFirst, we assessed differences in environmental conditions among forests and hedgerows. Next, we quantified plant performance based on a set of functional life‐history traits for four forest herbs (Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Geum urbanum, Poa nemoralis) with contrasting flowering phenology and colonisation capacity in paired combinations of forests and hedgerows, and compared these traits among both habitats. Finally, we assessed relationships between plant performance and environmental conditions in both habitats.ResultsAll study species showed a higher above‐ground biomass in hedgerows than in forests. For Poa nemoralis and Geum urbanum, we also found a higher reproductive output in hedgerows, which was mainly correlated to the higher sub‐canopy temperatures therein. The “ancient forest herb” Anemone nemorosa, however, appeared to have a lower reproductive output in hedgerows than in forests, while for Ficaria verna no reproductive differences were found between the two habitats.ConclusionsThis is the first study on such a broad geographical scale to provide evidence of reproductive source populations of forest herbs in hedgerows. Our findings provide key information on strategies by which forest plants grow, reproduce and disperse in hedgerow environments, which is imperative to better understand the dispersal corridor function of these wooded linear structures. Finally, we highlight the urgent need to develop guidelines for preserving, managing and establishing hedgerows in intensive agricultural landscapes, given their potential to contribute to the long‐term conservation and migration of forest herbs in the face of global environmental change.
Thermotolerant coral symbionts modulate heat stress‐responsive genes in their hosts
Authors: Cunning Ross , Baker Andrew C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSome corals may become more resistant to bleaching by shuffling their Symbiodiniaceae communities toward thermally tolerant species, and manipulations to boost the abundance of these symbionts in corals may increase resilience in warming oceans. However, the thermotolerant symbiont Durusdinium trenchii may reduce growth and fecundity in Caribbean corals, and these tradeoffs need to be better understood as this symbiont spreads through the region. We sought to understand how D. trenchii modulates coral gene expression by manipulating symbiont communities in Montastraea cavernosa to produce replicate ramets containing D. trenchii together with paired ramets of these same genets (n = 3) containing Cladocopium C3 symbionts. We then examined differences in global gene expression between corals hosting Durusdinium and Cladocopium under control temperatures, and in response to short‐term heat stress. We identified numerous transcriptional differences associated with symbiont identity, which explained 2%–14% of the transcriptional variance. Corals with D. trenchii upregulated genes related to translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, and downregulated genes related to extracellular structures, and carbohydrate and lipid transport and metabolism, relative to corals with Cladocopium. Unexpectedly, these changes were similar to those observed in Cladocopium‐dominated corals in response to heat stress, suggesting that thermotolerant D. trenchii may cause corals to increase expression of heat stress‐responsive genes, explaining both the increased heat tolerance and the associated energetic tradeoffs in corals containing D. trenchii. These findings provide insight into the ecological changes occurring on contemporary coral reefs in response to climate change, and the diverse ways in which different symbionts modulate emergent phenotypes of their hosts.
A generative adversarial network for travel times imputation using trajectory data
Authors: Zhang Kunpeng , He Zhengbing , Zheng Liang , Zhao Liang , Wu Lan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKnowledge of travel times serves an important role in traffic control and management. As an increasingly popular data source, vehicle trajectories can provide large‐scale travel time information. However, real‐world travel time information extracted from sparse or low‐resolution trajectory data often contains missing data that need to be imputed for further traffic analysis. Thus, this study proposes a travel times imputation generative adversarial network (TTI‐GAN) for travel times imputation. Considering the network‐wide spatiotemporal correlations, the TTI‐GAN can generate travel times for links without sufficient observations by modeling travel time distributions (TTDs) for links with rich data. Then, numerical experiments are carried out with trajectory data from Didi Chuxing. The results show that the TTI‐GAN can well estimate link TTDs and performs better than other counterparts in imputing mean travel times under various data missing rates.
Increased ratio of galactolipid MGDG : DGDG induces jasmonic acid overproduction and changes chloroplast shape
Authors: Yu Chun‐Wei , Lin Yang‐Tsung , Li Hsou‐min 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Galactolipids monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) constitute c. 50% and c. 30% of chloroplast membrane lipids, respectively. They are important for photosynthesis and stress tolerance. Mutations in DGD1, the major DGDG‐synthesizing enzyme, severely reduce DGDG content and induce jasmonic acid (JA) overproduction, resulting in stunted growth. However, how DGDG reduction leads to JA overproduction is unknown.

We introduced an inducible microRNA (ami‐MGD1) into an Arabidopsis dgd1 mutant to reduce MGDG synthesis, thereby further diminishing galactolipid content, but partially restoring the MGDG : DGDG ratio. Galactolipid and Chl contents, expression of JA‐biosynthesis and JA‐responsive genes, photosystem II (PSII) maximum quantum efficiency, and chloroplast shape were investigated.

Expression of JA‐biosynthesis and JA‐responsive genes were reduced in amiR‐MGD1‐transformed dgd1 plants. Stunted growth caused by JA overproduction was also partially rescued, but Chl reduction and PSII impairment remained similar to the original dgd1 mutant. Altered chloroplast shape, which is another defect observed in dgd1 but is not caused by JA overproduction, was also partially rescued.

Our results reveal that an increased MGDG : DGDG ratio is the primary cause of JA overproduction. The ratio is also important for determining chloroplast shapes, whereas reduced Chl and photosynthesis are most likely a direct consequence of insufficient DGDG.
Spatial and temporal distributions in the Norwegian cod fishery
Authors: Alizadeh Ashrafi Tannaz , Eide Arne , Hermansen Øystein 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFisheries are characterized by variations in space and time. This study investigates the characteristics of seasonality in cod trawl fisheries in two distinct areas: the coast along the northern Norway and the high sea area of the Barents Sea. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) is used to proxy variation in stock abundance. A CPUE function has been estimated in the frequency‐domain framework, to detect the presence of seasonality. Our analysis reveals that seasonality in stock abundance is only present in the northern coast of Norway. We conclude that as a consequence of seasonality in stock aggregation during the first quarter of the fishing year, possible economic losses caused by reduced prices—stemming from a large supply of cod—are larger than the economic benefits from cost reduction per unit of harvest. We speculate that declined price and consequently potential economic losses encourage trawlers to substitute cod by other high‐value fisheries during the winter months. As the price of cod starts to rise after the first quarter, trawlers begin to target cod in the high sea areas, a region with less seasonality.
Heideggerian phenomenological hermeneutics: Working with the data
Authors: Smythe Elizabeth , Spence Deb 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is one thing to read about the methodology and methods of Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological research, the ontic description. It is quite another thing to be faced with an interview transcript. This article draws on a study that asked doctoral students about their experience of doing such research. How did they become “phenomenological/hermeneutic” in their thinking and writing? What helped them to find their way? We offer this article as a means of letting others learn from our own experiences. We support our insights with the writings of Heidegger and Gadamer to show the methodological congruence that is essential to Heideggerian phenomenological hermeneutic research.
Should patients with obesity be more afraid of COVID‐19?
Authors: Rychter Anna Maria , Zawada Agnieszka , Ratajczak Alicja Ewa , Dobrowolska Agnieszka , Krela‐Kaźmierczak Iwona 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCOVID‐19 crisis has lasted since the late 2019 to the present day. The severity of the disease is positively correlated with several factors, such as age and coexisting diseases. Furthermore, obesity is increasingly considered as a yet another risk factor, particularly, because it has been observed that people suffering from excessive body weight may experience a more severe course of COVID‐19 infection. On the basis of current research, in our nonsystematic review, we have investigated the extent to which obesity can affect the SARS‐CoV‐2 course and identify the potential mechanisms of the disease. We have also described the role of proper nutrition, physical activity and other aspects relevant to the management of obesity.
Torque expression by active and passive self‐ligating brackets in patients with four premolar extractions: A retrospective study
Authors: Ren Xinyi , Li Jiao , Zhao Yunhe , Li Houxuan , Lei Lang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveAppropriate torque expression contributes to ideal treatment outcomes both clinically and aesthetically. Whether active and passive self‐ligating brackets (SLBs) have different torque‐control capability in vivo has never been reported. The purpose of present study was to explore whether there was difference in torque expression in active and passive SLBs.Setting and Sample PopulationIn this retrospective study, 225 patients with four first premolar extractions were enrolled. For each patient, the digital lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after treatment.Materials and MethodsThe study consisted of 2 groups: 111 subjects were treated with passive SLBs (Damon Q, Ormco) and 114 subjects with active SLBs (Empower 2, American Orthodontics). Measurements to determine skeletal changes and incisor inclination were obtained from cephalometric tracings using Dolphin software (version 11.8, USA). Comparisons in both groups and intergroups were compared using t tests and chi‐square test.ResultsSignificant differences in the variation of U1‐SN(°), U1‐NA(°), L1‐NB(°) and L1‐FH(°) were found between two groups. More labially inclined maxillary incisors were found in active SLB group, while more labially inclined mandibular incisors were observed in passive SLB group.ConclusionsWith the present prescription set in the two brackets, active SLBs achieved more proclined maxillary incisors and retroclined mandibular incisors. Clinicians should take torque expression of brackets into consideration during orthodontic treatment.
Antifungal activity of Punicalagin–nystatin combinations against Candida albicans
Authors: da Silva Rafaela Alves , Ishikiriama Bella Luna Colombini , Ribeiro Lopes Marcelo Milanda , de Castro Ricardo Dias , Garcia Cindy Ruiz , Porto Vinicius Carvalho , Santos Carlos Ferreira , Neppelenbroek Karin Hermana , Lara Vanessa Soares 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesOral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection of oral mucosa and results from an overgrowth of Candida, especially Candida albicans. The potential anti‐C. albicans and cytotoxicity of punicalagin (PCG), isolated from Punica granatum, alone or with nystatin (NYS) were evaluated.MethodsActivity of compounds alone or in combinations was determined against two C. albicans strains (ATCC 90028 and SC5314). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)‐50 and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were assessed by XTT assay and CFU counts, respectively. For combinations, determination of fractional inhibitory concentration index was performed. Ergosterol pathway was investigated as a possible PCG antifungal mechanism. Cytotoxicity assays were undertaken on human primary oral keratinocytes and gingival fibroblasts incubated with antifungal concentrations of PCG and/or NYS for 24 hr.ResultsCombination of NYS and PCG increased antifungal efficacy, compared with compounds tested alone. Combinations 4 (PCG‐6.25 μg/ml; NYS‐3.9 μg/ml) and 5 (PCG‐12.5 μg/ml; NYS‐1.95 μg/ml) were more effective since they reduced the MIC‐50 of PCG (50 μg/ml) by 8 and 4 times, respectively, increased the candidal inhibition and nullified the PCG cytotoxicity for keratinocytes. PCG antifungal mechanism did not involve ergosterol biosynthesis pathway.ConclusionsThe favorable outcomes for combination of PCG and NYS encourage further testing this therapeutic strategy against C. albicans.