bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long term stability study of triple GEM detector using different Argon based gas mixtures: an update
Authors: Chatterjee S , Roy S , Sen A , Chakraborty S , Biswas S , Das S , Ghosh S K , Prasad S K , Raha S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The long-term stability in terms of gain and energy resolution of a prototype triple Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector has been investigated with high rate X-ray irradiation. Premixed Ar/CO2 (80:20) and (90:10) gases have been used for this stability study. A strong Fe55 X-ray source is used to irradiate the chamber. The uniqueness of this work is that the same source has been used to irradiate the GEM prototype and also to monitor the spectra. This arrangement is important since it reduces the mechanical complexity of using an X-ray generator as well as the cost of the setup. A small area of the chamber is exposed continuously to the X-ray for the entire duration of the operation. The effect of temperature and pressure on the gain and energy resolution is monitored. The result of the long-term stability test for a triple GEM detector using Ar/CO2 (70:30) gas mixture has been reported earlier [1]. The results with Ar/CO2 (80:20) and (90:10) gas mixtures for the same chamber are presented in this article.
Advanced Aging study on Triple-GEM Detectors
Authors: Fallavollita F , Fiorina D , Merlin J A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present here a new study of the aging of Triple-GEM detectors in contaminated environment. The goal of this experiment is to evaluate the influence of the ionization power of particles on the longevity of the gaseous detectors and therefore determine the best configurations required to reliably reproduce the classical aging phenomena in laboratory. A 100 cm2 triple-GEM detector operating in Ar/CO
2 (70/30%) was irradiated simultaneously with low energy X-rays and 5.5 MeV alpha particles. Hydrocarbons and Si-based molecules were added to the gas mixture in order to accelerate the aging and simulating many years of slow gas pollution. We measured the evolution of the detector performance in two irradiated zones and we performed a systematic chemical analysis of the GEM foils to measure the polymer concentration and thus the potential aging effects. The detector collected a total charge of 165 mC/cm2 in the two irradiated sectors with no performance loss. Chemical analysis revealed a greater Si-based polymers concentration in the region irradiated with alpha particles. This is due to their higher ionization power, with respect to low energy X-rays, which generate denser electron avalanches and, thus, a higher polymerization rate. Further studies have to be performed in order to validate this result, at different experimental conditions and with different detector technologies.
Effect of deformation due to stretching of the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) Foil
Authors: Malhotra Shivali , Bouhali Othmane , Al-Tamimi Abdulla , Al-Gammal Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) was first introduced by Fabio Sauli in 1997, which is a thin layer of an insulating polymer, coated on both sides with copper and chemically perforated with a high density of microscopic holes. The GEM detectors, which are built using GEM foils, have been utilized for various applications due to their excellent spatial resolution, high rate capabilities and flexibility in design. Large area of triple GEM detectors are planned in experiments as it is the case in the upgrade of the CMS forward muon system. During the assembly of these detectors, the GEM foils are manually stretched to maintain the required gap configuration throughout the detector area. This stretching procedure can introduce local variation in the size or the shape of the perforated holes in GEM foil which can further vary the operational characteristics of the foil as well as the detector. Therefore, the distribution and size of the holes over a GEM foil should be uniform to achieve homogeneous functionality of the detector over the active surface. We can prevent the deformation of the perforated holes by optimizing the stretching force which is used during the assembly.
Towards MPGD-based (S)DHCAL
Authors: Shaked Renous D. , Bhattacharya P. , Chefdeville M. , Drancourt C. , Moleri L. , Tesi A. , Coimbra A. , Breskin A. , Bressler S. , Geralis T. , Kajomovitz E. , Karyotakis J. , Vouters G. , Titov M. , Veloso J. , Amaro F. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Digital and Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeters ((S)DHCAL) were suggested for future Colliders as part of the particle-flow concept. Though studied mostly with Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC), studies focusing on Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD)-based sampling elements have shown the potential advantages using such techniques.
In 2018, eight 48x48 cm2 sampling elements based on resistive Micromegas and Resistive Plate WELL (RPWELL) technologies were assembled. They were tested within a small MPGD-based SDHCAL prototype incorporating in addition three 16x16 cm2 Micromegas detectors and steel absorber plates recording hadronic showers of low-energy pions at the CERN/PS beam line. Preliminary results and analysis methodology are presented, using data samples recorded with pions with momenta in the range from 2 to 6 GeV/c.
3D muography with a gaseous TPC equipped with 2D multiplexed Micromegas
Authors: Gómez H. , Attié D. , Calvet D. , Coppolani X. , Gallois B. , Kebbiri M. , Lehuraux M. , Magnier P. , Mandjavidze I. , Procureur S , Vandenbroucke M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Potential applications of muon tomography, or muography, as non-invasive scanning method have increased in the last years together with the performance of the particle detectors used for muon detection, known as muon telescopes. A new concept muon telescope is presented, which could enlarge even more the range of application of this technique. It is based on a compact TPC equipped with a 2D pixelized Micromegas detector with multiplexed readout. This detector will overcome some of the constraints of the instruments currently used, as they limited acceptance, while keeping other features required for muography as stability, robustness or portability. Moreover, it will be capable to reconstruct the 3D direction of the incident muons with a single instrument.
With its design and features, this kind of detectors can be fitted at boreholes from where they can scan the surroundings, being an interesting technique for mining exploration, geotechnics or monitoring of dykes or bridges which has arouse the interest of industry. In a further phase it is expected to develop a network of these detectors which will allow the 3D reconstruction of the studied object by the combination of the images registered by each of the telescopes. Main features and first tests and results of this new instrument will be presented together with some studies, performed by Monte Carlo simulations, of the capabilities of this muon telescope and the analysis principle.
VMM3a, an ASIC for tracking detectors
Authors: Iakovidis George 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The VMM3a is a System on Chip (SoC) custom Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)1. It is the production version which will be used as the front ASIC for both Micromegas and sTGC detectors of the ATLAS Muon New Small Wheels upgrade at CERN. Due to its highly configurable parameters it has been proposed for several tracking detectors and other experiments. It is fabricated in the 130 nm Global Foundries 8RF-DM process. The ASIC integrates 64 channels, each providing charge amplification, discrimination, neighbour logic, amplitude and timing measurements, analog-to-digital conversions, and either direct output for trigger or multiplexed readout within a data-driven readout system. The front-end amplifier can operate with a wide range of input capacitances, has adjustable polarity, gain and peaking time. The ASIC has been tested on resistive Micromegas and sTGC prototypes in test beam campaigns at CERN.
ATLAS NSW Micromegas readout boards: Industrialisation and Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Authors: Farina Edoardo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Micromegas with a spark protection scheme were selected as instrumentation of the first forward muon station in the upgrade of the ATLAS detector for the operation of the Large Hadron Collider at high luminosity. The readout boards carrying the readout strips, the resistive anode strips for spark protection and the mesh distance holders (pillars) are industrially produced in Europe. A detailed quality control and quality assurance scheme has been developed and implemented at CERN to closely follow the industrial production. Up to today, about 2000 readout boards have been checked for their quality in a dedicated test facility at CERN. The detailed procedure, highlighting the crucial aspects leading to the rejection or acceptance of an anode board, as well as the statistical overview of the results will be presented.
Development of a Spark-Detection System for the Quality Assurance of Large-Area GEM-Foils
Authors: Ball M , Block T , Hauer P , Ottnad J , Urban S , Ratza V , Ketzer B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Gaseous detectors based on large-size GEM-foils are planned to be used for a variety of upgrades and new experiments using high-rate and high-intensity particle beams. An excellent quality control of GEM-foils is a mandatory prerequisite to select the best foils for the assembly of a GEM detector. The high voltage stability of the foils is here of uppermost importance. In particular discharges that occur at the same position need to be detected. A spark detection system has been developed to automatically detect and record the time and position of sparks. The system is based on a commercial web camera installed in a housing for the tests and a custom-made, LabVIEW-based software for control and operation. An automatic Spark-Detection System for GEM foils was designed, built and characterized. It is able to detect and record discharges in large-size GEM foils during the quality control procedure. The spark detection e ciency was estimated to be higher than 97 %, the position resolution was determined to be approximately 0.5 mm. With this system, the characterization of GEM foils can be standardized to a much greater degree than before.
Design and characteristics of ultra-wideband single-layer frequency-selective surface
Authors: Gevorkyan A V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the design of the developed single-layer frequency-selective surface. Frequency characteristics of reflection and transmission coefficients are given. The operating frequency band of the surface on the level of reflection coefficient less than minus20 dB is in the frequency range from 8.89 to 11.22 GHz. The operating bandwidth is 2.33 GHz or 23.3% relative to 10 GHz. The surface is ultra-wideband in terms of reflection coefficient less than minus 10 dB, and its operating frequency band is in the frequency range from 6.77 to 14.22 GHz.
Determination of the bearing and roll angle of a moving object using orthogonally elliptically polarized beacon signals received in a circular polarization basis
Authors: Gulko V L , Mescheryakov A A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The possibility of determining bearing and roll angle of a mobile object along orthogonally elliptically polarized beacon signals emitted simultaneously from two spatially separated points in a horizontal plane is investigated. The navigation elements are evaluated by a two-channel receiving system using amplitude-phase processing of the resulting vector signals received on board a mobile object in a circular polarization basis.
A model for tracking process of the integrated radar systems under working conditions with maneuvering targets
Authors: Pozdnyakov A A , Vorona S G , Smirnov E E , Pankov B B , Zhdanova A B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article presents the organization of the process of simulation modeling of the functioning the integrated radar systems in the detection, measurement and tracking modes. The aim of the work is to develop a simulation model that allows to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithms of radar tracking of targets. The description of analytical models and their interaction and simulation results are presented. The construction of the model is implemented in the software MathCad 15.0.
X-ray radiation from the Sun and geomagnetic disturbances as environmental factors affecting humans
Authors: Tuzhilkin D A , Borodin A S , Kaluzhin V V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The study of the influence of X-ray radiation from the Sun in the range from 1 to 8 Å on the components of the well-being function of a human population is carried out. X-ray radiation from the Sun, being absorbed in the upper layers of the ionosphere and not reaching the Earth’s surface, is nevertheless capable of acting indirectly (through a modification of the natural electromagnetic background in the ELF range). Variability in the frequency of emergency care is used as a component of the well-being function. A comparative analysis of the effect of X-ray radiation from the Sun with the influence of geomagnetic field perturbations on the time scales of a rare solar event is carried out.
Formation of two-dimensional photopolymer diffractive optical elements for converting light beams with two-beam interactions taken into account
Authors: Dolgirev V O , Sharangovich S N , Semkin A O 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bessel light beams are used in many fields, such as nonlinear optics, optical metrology, design of atmospheric wireless telecommunication lines, nanoscale objects manipulating, etc. Bessel beams do not diffract, they have restoration properties, they retain high intensity in the axial region at large distances. Thus, the search for an affordable method of forming such beams seems very relevant. In this paper, we study the process of two-dimensional diffractive optical elements (DOEs) holographic formation in photopolymer materials (PPM) with allowance for two-beam interactions. DOEs is intended for converting light beams with a Gaussian distribution into a Bessel-like ones.
The influence of the underlying terrain on the directional characteristics of the HF-range antennas
Authors: Krivaltsevich S V , Yashchenko A S , Maynenger K A , Kudrin O I , Zubkov M P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The results of modeling the antennas directional characteristics in the HF range are presented. In the process of modeling, the radiophysical characteristics of the underlying surface measured under laboratory conditions were taken into account. The simulation results are compared with the results of field measurements of the antennas radiation patterns.
A concept of microwave photonic sensor systems based on addressed fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Zh Sakhabutdinov A , Morozov O G , Morozov G A , Sh Misbakhov R , Kuznetsov A A , Nureev I I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The main drawback of the modern microwave photonic sensor systems is the absence of addressable fiber optic sensors, as a rule, based on fiber Bragg gratings, which leads to the need to build complex sensing systems and interrogators that are tuned to different wavelengths or combined into groups according to the common central wavelength. We proposed addressed fiber Bragg gratings, which structures can be realized in two variants: with two symmetrical phase π-shifts in one grating (2π-AFBG) or two serial gratings with different Bragg wavelengths (2λ-AFBG). Their common feature is difference frequency between two phase shifts or two gratings, which is lying in microwave range and defining its address, wherein addressed gratings have the same Bragg or central wavelength. So, their interrogation can be realized in microwave range by evaluation of envelope characteristics of beating signal on addressed frequency components. A new microwave photonic sensor systems class is called “MicroWave Photonic Sensor Systems based on Addressed Fiber Bragg Gratings”. The concept of new class sensor systems is presented. The sets of analysis and synthesis problems, measuring level design for point, few sensor and multi-sensor variants, and principle of joint field of multiplexed sensors construction for system are considered. When implemented, the interrogation speed can be increased to hundreds of MHz, the resolution is up to units of Hz, which is determined by the parameters of microwave (not optical) processing, cost of system, its exploitation and design complexity are drastically decreased.
Gyromagnetic source of high power wideband pulses
Authors: Romanchenko I V , Priputnev P V , Maltsev S N , Vykhodtsev P V 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present the results on simulation and experimental research of RF oscillations excitement in gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line. The oscillations were observed in the frequency range 1.5-1.7 GHz. The choice of the appropriate ferrite type and irradiating helix antenna was followed by the development of high power RF source. The irradiated RF pulses were characterized by 80 kV effective potential and close to circular polarization. The gyromagnetic RF source has shown stable operation at 400 Hz repetition rate.
Estimation of the correlation of radiation and the radar backscattering coefficient of soil cover in X-band based on experimental research
Authors: Ch Dorzhiev B , Ochirov O N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article considers the problem of integrated processing of remote sensing data of radar and radiometric data. The angular dependences of the radio brightness temperature and the back reflection coefficient in the X-band of a homogeneous soil cover are obtained. The correlation between these values is determined.
Usage of the acoustic method for monitoring of the gaz pipelines stress
Authors: Khlybov A A , Kabaldin Yu G , Uglov A L , Anosov M S , Shatagin D A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, Russian pipeline system is a unique and expanding facility. It is a chain of complex of technical facilities that carries gas under high pressure in difficult geological, geographical and climatic (arctic) conditions, both in the Russian Federation and beyond its borders. Ensuring safe operation is an important task.
Microstructure and corrosion behaviors of AZ63 magnesium alloy fabricated by accumulative roll bonding process
Authors: Pei Yanbo , Gui Yunwei , Huang Tao , Chen Fuxiao , Guo Junqing , Zhong Shiyu , Song Zhuo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
AZ63 magnesium alloy sheets were fabricated by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process at 350 °C up to 5 cycles. The aim of this work is to study the effect of ARB process on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of AZ63 magnesium alloy. The ARBed sheets were investigated via microstructure observations, electrochemical tests, hydrogen evolution measurements and immersion tests. After ARB process, the average grain size decreased. The coarse Mg17Al12 phase was broken under the action of rolling force and it distributed more dispersed in the magnesium matrix. The corrosion resistance of samples increased significantly with increasing the number of ARB cycles. The influence of microstructure on the corrosion behaviors was discussed. Fine grain produced more passive oxide layers which acted as a corrosion barrier. The Mg17Al12 phase acted primarily as a micro-galvanic cathode during the corrosion process because of its low volume fraction and isolated distribution. The volume fraction of Mg17Al12 phase decreased after ARB process, which results in the reduction of the effect of galvanic corrosion.
Magnetocaloric effect and electrical properties of (0.95)La0.45Nd0.25Sr0.3MnO3/(0.05)CuO composites
Authors: Fkhar L , El Maalam K , Hamedoun M , El Kenz A , Benyoussef A , Lachkar P , Hlil E-K , Mahmoud A , Boschini F , Ait Ali M , Mounkachi O 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, the structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of 0.95La0.45Nd0.25Sr0.3MnO3/0.05CuO composites materials were investigated. The samples have been synthesized by solid-state reaction route. The XRD patterns of composites powders show the presence of both perovskite La0.45Nd0.25Sr0.3MnO3 and monoclinic Tenorite CuO materials. The microstructural characterization performed using Scanning Electron Microscope shows that copper oxide nanostructure is located in the grains boundaries after pressing. According to the isothermal magnetization measurements around the Curie temperature, the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change is calculated to be 4.128 J/(Kg.K) at 5 T for the pellet with an interesting enhancement compared to the powder sample 2.7 J/(Kg.K). The relative cooling power is about 212.8 J Kg−1. Resistivity measurements under different magnetic fields were performed in order to investigate the magnetoresistance properties. The obtained magnetocaloric properties show that 0.95La0.45Nd0.25Sr0.3MnO3/0.05CuO composite was an attractive candidate material for magnetic refrigeration application. About magnetoresistance properties the (% MR) is found to be 32.78% around 320 K under a magnetic field of 5 T.
Diversity and Inclusion in the Epidemiology Workforce
Authors: Becerra Adan Z , Ekundayo Olugbemiga , Salahuddin Meliha , Onasanya Tosin , Li Shanshan ,   on behalf of the “Navigating Careers as a Person of Color” Society of Epidemiological Research Pilot Mentoring Group
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Increasing participation by promoting diversity and inclusion in professional society membership has become an important topic for many scientific fields. In a recent issue of the Journal, DeVilbiss et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2020;189(10):998–1010) reported results from a survey conducted by the Society for Epidemiologic Research (SER) Diversity and Inclusion Committee by which several aspects of participation by sociodemographic and cultural variables among its members were measured. Here, we summarize the major findings of the survey, put the authors’ results within the greater context of the epidemiology workforce, and provide suggestions on how the Committee could expand its influence by considering measuring variables related to career outcomes and trajectories. This suggestion is based on an attempt to link the interventions being facilitated by SER, the participation indices it is trying to improve, and the greater mission of SER to build sustainable career trajectories that produce the best science that will improve the health of human populations.
COVID-19 pandemic preparedness: A practical guide from clinical pharmacists’ perspective
Authors: Ahuja Tania , Merchan Cristian , Arnouk Serena , Cirrone Frank , Dabestani Arash , Papadopoulos John 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To describe our hospital pharmacy department’s preparation for an influx of critically ill patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and offer guidance on clinical pharmacy services preparedness for similar crisis situations.

Summary
Personnel within the department of pharmacy at a medical center at the US epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic proactively prepared a staffing and pharmacotherapeutic action plan in anticipation of an expected surge in admissions of critically ill patients with COVID-19 and expansion of acute care and intensive care unit (ICU) capacity. Guidance documents focusing on supportive care and pharmacotherapeutic treatment options were developed. Repurposing of non–ICU-trained clinical pharmacotherapy specialists to work collaboratively with clinician teams in ICUs was quickly implemented; staff were prepared for these duties through use of shared tools to facilitate education and practice standardization.

Conclusion
As challenges were encountered at the initial peak of the pandemic, interdisciplinary collaboration and teamwork was crucial to ensure that all patients were proactively assessed and that their respective pharmacotherapeutic regimens were optimized.