bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kevlar Fiber Reinforced Composites Based on Waste Polyethylene: Impact of Ethylene‐Vinyl Acetate and Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Elnaggar Mona Y. , Mazied Nabila A. , Hassan Medhat M. , Fathy E. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we discuss the radiation effects and ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) as compatibilizing agent on waste polyethylene (WPE)/virgin polyethylene (VPE), 80/20 wt%, reinforced by Kevlar fiber (Aramid). Hence, by melt mixing the compatibility between WPE and VPE will be performed by adding 10 phr fixed weight of EVA. After that various weights of Kevlar fiber at phr 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 were reinforced into prepared polymer blend. The composites mechanical properties and the thermal stability were predicted. Furthermore, infrared and X‐ray diffraction used to characterize the composites structure. Improvements of both tensile strength and elastic modulus of prepared composites at 1.5 phr of Kevlar was observed and decreased in their values were noticed after that. Also, thermal stability has been enhanced with EVA and Kevlar fiber. Remarked improvements in studied parameters were generally determined by formation of crosslinking networks via gamma irradiation.
On the decaying-sterile-neutrino solution to the electron (anti)neutrino appearance anomalies
Authors: de Gouvêa André , Peres O. L. G. , Prakash Suprabh , Stenico G. V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We explore the hypothesis that the unexplained data from Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND) and MiniBooNE experiments are evidence for a new, heavy neutrino mass-eigenstate that mixes with the muon-type neutrino and decays into an electron-type neutrino and a new, very light scalar particle. We consider two different decay scenarios, one with Majorana neutrinos, one with Dirac neutrinos; both fit the data equally well. We find a reasonable, albeit not excellent, fit to the data of MiniBooNE and LSND. The decaying-sterile-neutrino hypothesis, however, cleanly evades constraints from disappearance searches and precision measurements of leptonic meson decays, as long as 1 MeV ≳ m4 ≳ 10 keV. The Short-Baseline Neutrino Program (SBN) at Fermilab should be able to definitively test the decaying-sterile-neutrino hypothesis.
Retrospective analysis of 15 years of horse-related maxillofacial fracture data at a major German trauma center
Authors: Stier Rebecca , Tavassol Frank , Dupke Claudia , Rüter Maria , Jehn Philipp , Gellrich Nils-Claudius , Spalthoff Simon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of the mechanism of trauma (fall versus kick), rider demographics, equestrian experience, protective equipment, and whether or not a horse was shod on the anatomic site of a horse-related maxillofacial fracture, operating time, postoperative complication rate, and length of hospital stay.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients treated for horse-related maxillofacial fractures at a single institution in Germany between January 2000 and March 2015. We used linear and logistic regression to test the above-mentioned variables for statistical correlations.

Results
During the study period, we treated 138 horse-related facial fractures in 71 patients. The mean patient age was 34.5 years, and 80.3% of the injuries occurred in women. Most of the maxillofacial fractures were the result of a horse kick (71.8%) when unmounted and the majority occurred in more experienced riders (70.4%). There was a significant association of wearing of protective equipment with a shorter hospital stay and lower risk of postoperative complications.

Conclusion
More education is needed in the equestrian community regarding the use of protective equipment when unmounted. Safety helmets should be redesigned to include a faceguard and be worn at all times.
A novel human pluripotent stem cell-based assay to predict developmental toxicity
Authors: Lauschke Karin , Rosenmai Anna Kjerstine , Meiser Ina , Neubauer Julia Christiane , Schmidt Katharina , Rasmussen Mikkel Aabech , Holst Bjørn , Taxvig Camilla , Emnéus Jenny Katarina , Vinggaard Anne Marie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is a great need for novel in vitro methods to predict human developmental toxicity to comply with the 3R principles and to improve human safety. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are ideal for the development of such methods, because they are easy to retrieve by conversion of adult somatic cells and can differentiate into most cell types of the body. Advanced three-dimensional (3D) cultures of these cells, so-called embryoid bodies (EBs), moreover mimic the early developing embryo. We took advantage of this to develop a novel human toxicity assay to predict chemically induced developmental toxicity, which we termed the PluriBeat assay. We employed three different hiPSC lines from male and female donors and a robust microtiter plate-based method to produce EBs. We differentiated the cells into cardiomyocytes and introduced a scoring system for a quantitative readout of the assay—cardiomyocyte contractions in the EBs observed on day 7. Finally, we tested the three compounds thalidomide (2.3–36 µM), valproic acid (25–300 µM), and epoxiconazole (1.3–20 µM) on beating and size of the EBs. We were able to detect the human-specific teratogenicity of thalidomide and found the rodent toxicant epoxiconazole as more potent than thalidomide in our assay. We conclude that the PluriBeat assay is a novel method for predicting chemicals’ adverse effects on embryonic development.
Pollicott-Ruelle Resonant States and Betti Numbers
Authors: Küster Benjamin , Weich Tobias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGiven a closed orientable hyperbolic manifold of dimension $$\ne 3$$

≠
3

we prove that the multiplicity of the Pollicott-Ruelle resonance of the geodesic flow on perpendicular one-forms at zero agrees with the first Betti number of the manifold. Additionally, we prove that this equality is stable under small perturbations of the Riemannian metric and simultaneous small perturbations of the geodesic vector field within the class of contact vector fields. For more general perturbations we get bounds on the multiplicity of the resonance zero on all one-forms in terms of the first and zeroth Betti numbers. Furthermore, we identify for hyperbolic manifolds further resonance spaces whose multiplicities are given by higher Betti numbers.
On the characteristics and climate effects of HV-WCP events over the Kuroshio SST front during wintertime
Authors: Bai Haokun , Hu Haibo , Perrie William , Zhang Ning 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeglected High-frequency Variability events of the sea surface Wind Coupled with Precipitation (HV-WCP) events are revealed over the Kuroshio Sea Surface Temperature (SST) front in the East China Sea (ECS) during wintertime. This phenomenon is characterized as modulation events of the surface wind directions, whereby the southerly anomaly changes into a northwest anomaly, accompanied with increasing wind speed, and coupled with decreasing precipitation from morning to night on the day with the peak variability. The events are associated with significant climate effects on the rainfall anomaly over southeastern China and adjacent ocean areas of the ECS. To sustain these events, the large-scale circulation needs to exhibit declines in the upstream monsoon and weakening vertical mixing in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The Kuroshio thermal effect on the underlying atmosphere becomes prominent due to weakening vertical mixing, which results in pronounced PBL height gradient over the Kuroshio SST front. More plentiful moisture transported from PBL to the free atmosphere, generates the initialization of rainfall and the cyclone anomaly. Meanwhile, the latent heat releasing caused by this precipitation forces positive vorticity anomaly within the PBL, which again strengthens the cyclone and the upward moisture transport. Therefore, a complement between local circulation and rainfall is developed over the Kuroshio region. Due to the significant effect of the Kuroshio SST front on the PBL structure, the HV-WCP intensity is able to maintain its strength over the Kuroshio region. However, because of the northwestern background monsoon, the HV-WCP events vanish quickly when the coupled system moves out of Kuroshio SST frontal region.
The effect of a split portion of flaxseed on 24-h blood glucose response
Authors: Almehmadi Awatif , Lightowler Helen , Chohan Magali , Clegg Miriam E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Flaxseed can be effective at lowering and stabilising blood glucose responses. The aim of this study was to determine whether flaxseed could lower blood glucose response more effectively when consumed as a single portion of 30 g, or a split portion consumed three times per day (10 g flaxseed per portion).

Methods
The study was a randomised, repeated measures, cross-over design. Fifteen healthy participants consumed either (1) three flaxseed muffins containing a total of 30 g of flaxseed once in the morning, (2) three flaxseed muffins consumed at three different timepoints across the day (10 g flaxseed per muffin) or (3) three control muffins consumed at three different timepoints across the day (0 g flaxseed). The 24-h blood glucose response was measured using a continuous glucose monitor.

Results
The results of this study demonstrated that flaxseed muffins given three times a day were effective at lowering and maintaining blood glucose levels over 24 h, compared to the control muffins and that both flaxseed treatments resulting in a lower blood glucose iAUC during the night.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicated that adding flaxseed to a daily diet produced a lower glucose profile over 24 h in a free-living context compared to the control muffins.
Systematic review of incidence, risk factors, prevention and treatment of post-laryngectomy hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Edafe Ovie , Sandler Luke M. , Beasley Nigel , Balasubramanian Sabapathy P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposePost-laryngectomy hypoparathyroidism is associated with significant short- and long-term morbidities. This systematic review aimed to determine incidence, risk factors, prevention and treatment of post-laryngectomy hypoparathyroidism.MethodsMedline, EMBASE and the Cochrane library were searched for relevant articles on hypocalcaemia and/or hypoparathyroidism after laryngectomy or pharyngectomy. Two authors independently screened titles and abstracts from the search. Data from individual studies were collated and presented (without meta-analysis). Quality assessment of included studies was undertaken. The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42019133879).ResultsTwenty-three observational studies were included. The rates of transient and long-term hypoparathyroidism following laryngectomy with concomitant hemi- or total thyroidectomy ranged from 5.6 to 57.1% (n = 13 studies) and 0 to 12.8% (n = 5 studies), respectively. Higher transient (62.1–100%) and long-term (12.5–91.6%) rates were reported in patients who had concomitant oesophagectomy and total thyroidectomy (n = 4 studies). Other risk factors included bilateral selective lateral neck dissection, salvage laryngectomy and total pharyngectomy. There is a lack of data on prevention and management.ConclusionHypoparathyroidism occurs in a significant number of patients after laryngectomy. Patients who underwent laryngectomy with concomitant hemithyroidectomy may still develop hypoparathyroidism. Research on prevention and treatment is lacking and needs to be encouraged.
Empirical ratio of the combined use of S-ketamine and propofol in electroconvulsive therapy and its impact on seizure quality
Authors: Sartorius Alexander , Beuschlein Juliane , Remennik Dmitry , Pfeifer Anna-Maria , Karl Sebastian , Bumb Jan Malte , Aksay Suna Su , Kranaster Laura , Janke Christoph 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depressive disorders. In certain cases, ECT-associated anaesthesia can be improved by the use of ketofol (i.e., S-ketamine + propofol). We aimed to evaluate the empirical mixing ratio of ketofol in these cases for better clinical implementation. We retrospectively investigated n = 52 patients who received 919 ECT sessions with S-ketamine plus propofol as anaesthetic agents. Several anaesthesia and ECT-related parameters including doses of S-ketamine and propofol were analysed. The mean empirically determined S-ketamine/propofol ratio was 1.38 (SD ± 0.57) for 919 individual ECT sessions and 1.52 (SD ± 0.62) for 52 patients, respectively. The mean relative dose was 0.72 (± 0.18) mg/kg S-ketamine and 0.54 (± 0.21) mg/kg propofol. Higher propofol dose was associated with poorer seizure quality. Seizure quality and time in recovery room were significantly influenced by age. Ketofol could be an option to exploit the advantageous qualities of S-ketamine and propofol, if both doses are reduced compared with single use of S-ketamine or propofol. Patients with poor seizure quality may benefit from lower propofol doses, which are applicable by the addition of ketamine. An empirically determined mixing ratio in favour of ketamine turned out to be preferable in a clinical setting. Recovery time was primarily prolonged by higher age rather than by ketamine dose, which had previously often been associated with a prolonged monitoring time in the recovery room. These new findings could improve electroconvulsive therapy and should be replicated in a prospective manner.
The relevance of body mass index in forensic age assessment of living individuals: an age-adjusted linear regression analysis using multivariable fractional polynomials
Authors: Timme Maximilian , Karch André , Shay Denys , Ottow Christian , Schmeling Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn forensic age assessment of living individuals, developmental stages of skeletal maturation and tooth mineralization are examined and compared with a reference population. It is of interest which factors can affect the development of these features. We investigated the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the developmental stages of the medial epiphysis of the clavicle, the distal epiphysis of the radius, the distal epiphysis of the femur, the proximal epiphysis of the tibia, and the left lower third molar in a total of 581 volunteers, 294 females and 287 males aged 12–24 years, using 3 T MRI. BMI values in the cohort ranged from 13.71 kg/m2in a 12-year-old female to 35.15 kg/m2in an 18-year-old female. The effect of BMI on the development of the characteristics was investigated using linear regression models with multivariable fractional polynomials. In the univariable analysis, BMI was associated with all feature systems (beta between 0.10 and 0.44;p < 0.001). When accounting for the physiological increase of BMI with increasing age, the effect of BMI was lower and in the majority of the models no longer clinically relevant. Betas decreased to values between 0.00 and 0.05. When adding feature variables to a model already including age,r2values increased only minimally. For an overall bone ossification score combining all characteristics, the adjustedßwas 0.11 (p = 0.021) and 0.08 (p = 0.23) for females and males, respectively. Lowßandr2values (0.00 (adjusted)–0.16 (crude)) were present in both models for third molar development already in the unadjusted analyses. In conclusion, our study found no to little effect of BMI on osseous development in young adults. Teeth development in both sexes was completely independent of BMI. Therefore, dental methods should be part of every age assessment.
An ARFIMA-based model for daily precipitation amounts with direct access to fluctuations
Authors: Polotzek Katja , Kantz Holger 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCorrelations in models for daily precipitation are often generated by elaborate numerics that employ a high number of hidden parameters. We propose a parsimonious and parametric stochastic model for European mid-latitude daily precipitation amounts with focus on the influence of correlations on the statistics. Our method is meta-Gaussian by applying a truncated-Gaussian-power (tGp) transformation to a Gaussian ARFIMA model. The speciality of this approach is that ARFIMA(1, d, 0) processes provide synthetic time series with long- (LRC), meaning the sum of all autocorrelations is infinite, and short-range (SRC) correlations by only one parameter each. Our model requires the fit of only five parameters overall that have a clear interpretation. For model time series of finite length we deduce an effective sample size for the sample mean, whose variance is increased due to correlations. For example the statistical uncertainty of the mean daily amount of 103 years of daily records at the Fichtelberg mountain in Germany equals the one of about 14 years of independent daily data. Our effective sample size approach also yields theoretical confidence intervals for annual total amounts and allows for proper model validation in terms of the empirical mean and fluctuations of annual totals. We evaluate probability plots for the daily amounts, confidence intervals based on the effective sample size for the daily mean and annual totals, and the Mahalanobis distance for the annual maxima distribution. For reproducing annual maxima the way of fitting the marginal distribution is more crucial than the presence of correlations, which is the other way round for annual totals. Our alternative to rainfall simulation proves capable of modeling daily precipitation amounts as the statistics of a random selection of 20 data sets is well reproduced.
Pediatric use of prescribed melatonin in Sweden 2006–2017: a register based study
Authors: Kimland Elin E. , Bardage Carola , Collin Julius , Järleborg Anders , Ljung Rickard , Iliadou Anastasia N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSleep disturbances are common in the pediatric population and should primarily be treated non-pharmacologically. Most medicines for sleep disturbances are not approved for pediatric use and data on long-term safety is scarce. In Sweden, melatonin is classified as a prescription medicine. The aim of the present study was to characterize the prevalence and incidence of dispensed melatonin prescriptions, long-term treatment, concomitant dispensation of psychotropic medication, and psychiatric comorbidity, in children and adolescents aged 0–17 years living in Sweden during 2006–2017. Data was retrieved by linking the national population-based registers, the Swedish Prescribed Drug register and the National Patient register. In 2017, nearly 2% of the pediatric population 0–17 years was dispensed at least one prescription of melatonin, which was more than a 15-fold increase for girls and a 20-fold increase for boys, when compared to 2006. Among the children in the age group 5–9 who initiated a melatonin treatment in 2009, 15% of girls and 17% of boys were found to be continuously prescribed melatonin 8 years later. Nearly 80% of all children with dispensed melatonin had concomitant dispensations of psychotropic medications. The most common combination was melatonin together with centrally acting sympathomimetic medicines (23% of girls and 43% of boys). About half of the children (47% of girls and 50% of boys) had at least one registered diagnosis of mental or behavioral disorders. The most common diagnosis was attention deficit hyperactive disorder, across all age groups and genders. The continuous increase of use of melatonin in children, often concomitant with other psychotropic medications, together with a high proportion of younger children with prescriptions of melatonin on a long-term basis, suggests the need for further structured follow up studies, in particular of long-term use.
High Resolution Measurements of Two-dimensional Dopant Diffusion in
Silicon
Authors: D’Arrigo G. , Spinella C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report detailed experimental results on the electrochemical selective
etching of doped Si. By using transmission electron microscopy analyses and
spreading resistance measurements we investigated the dependence of the
etching selectivity on the different parameters of the electrochemical cell,
i.e., bias voltage and chemical solution. In B-doped samples immersed in
buffered HF, the increase of bias voltage from 0.5 to 1 V produces a slight
improvement of the etching selectivity and a B concentration as low as 1 ×
1017 cm−3 can be successfully
delineated at 1 V. A further improvement is achieved by using
HF:HNO3:CH3COOH or HF:HCl
chemical mixtures for which the delineation sensitivity approaches the value
of 1 × 1016 cm−3. In buffered HF
As-doped regions can be delineated to a concentration of 2 ×
1017 cm−3, independently of
the bias voltage, in the range 2–4 V. These results were used to measure the
2D doping diffusion profiles in silicon wafers patterned with
polycrystalline Si strips and implanted with As or B, by using different
tilt and twist angles. The high resolution of the electrochemical
delineation allowed us to evaluate very accurately the effects of the
implant angles on the lateral doping distribution.
Electron Crystallography of Room Temperature Charge Ordering in
Fe3O4
Authors: Rudee M.L. , Smith David J. , Margulies D.T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A previously unknown form of charge ordering has been observed in
dislocation free thin films of magnetite,
Fe3O4. This charge ordering
exists on tetrahedral sites and is unrelated to the well known low
temperature ordering on octahedral sites that occurs below 120K. From
modeling of electron diffraction patterns we deduce that the best fit to the
observed diffraction patterns was obtained by reducing the scattering power
on one tetrahedral site per unit cell by about 80%.
In Situ Real-time Environmental High Resolution Electron Microscopy of
Nanometer Size Novel Xerogel Catalysts for Hydrogenation Reactions in Nylon
6,6
Authors: Gai Pratibha L. , Kourtakis Kostantinos , Ziemecki Stanislav 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In situ real-time environmental high resolution electron microscopy
(EHREM) under controlled reaction environments permits direct atomic
resolution imaging of dynamic surface and sub-surface microstructures of
reacting catalysts. Using the EHREM and complementary microscopy methods, we
have investigated selective hydrogenation reaction mechanisms over novel
xerogel catalysts of ruthenium and Ru with Co and Au promoters on titania
supports, and report an alternative heterogeneous catalytic process for the
hydrogenation of adiponitrile (ADN) in the manufacture of Nylon 6,6. The
direct EHREM observations are supported by ultra-high resolution low voltage
scanning electron microscope (SEM) of spatial distributions of the highly
dispersed nanometer-size catalyst particles and parallel chemical studies.
The results demonstrate the important role of in situ EHREM in the design of
heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation processes on the nanoscale.