bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cognitive impairment in a French sample of patients with restrictive anorexia nervosa: two distinct profiles emerged with differences in impaired functions and psychopathological symptoms
Authors: Cholet J. , Rousselet M. , Donnio Y. , Burlot M. , Pere M. , Lambert S. , Rocher B. , Chirio-Espitalier M. , Eyzop E. , Grall-Bronnec M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The cognitive profiles of patients suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN) are currently explored as potential facilitating and/or maintenance factors. Specific data in restrictive AN (AN-R) remain contradictory. This study focused on women with AN-R to evaluate their cognitive functions to develop a more specific cognitive remediation program.

Methods
Female patients older than 15 years who were suffering from AN-R were recruited in a specialized unit for eating disorder management. Female healthy control (HC) participants were recruited who were matched with AN patients on age. All participants completed a cognitive evaluation (premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ), planning, information processing speed, cognitive flexibility) and a clinical evaluation (impulsivity, anxiety, depression).

Results
A total of 122 participants were included. Patients suffering from AN-R had significant impairment in information processing speed and planning. Patients exhibited significantly better cognitive flexibility than did the HC group when adjustments were made for other cognitive functions and impulsivity. Two distinct subgroups of patients were identified. The first subgroup had more marked cognitive impairment and fewer psychopathological symptoms than did the second subgroup of patients and the HC group.

Conclusion
Our results highlight cognitive impairment in patients with AN who had normal premorbid IQ. Two distinct profiles emerge. In clinical practice, these results open up perspectives for the development of more specific cognitive remediation programs (one specific program for cold cognitions and another specific program targeting emotions and hot cognitions). These results warrant confirmation by larger studies with a more specific evaluation of the impact of emotional status.
Trial registration NTC02381639, Date of registration. March 6, 2015
Psychische Belastungsfaktoren und Ressourcen in der ambulanten Pflege
Authors: Treviranus Franziska , Mojtahedzadeh Natascha , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDiese Literaturübersicht thematisiert den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu psychischen Belastungsfaktoren und Ressourcen in der ambulanten Pflege. Potenzielle Belastungsfaktoren werden in der beschriebenen Literatur aus den Bereichen Arbeitsinhalt (z. B. Umgang mit Leiden), Arbeitsorganisation (z. B. Schichtsystem), soziale Beziehung (z. B. fehlende Anerkennung), Arbeitsumgebung (z. B. zeitliche Verzögerung aufgrund von hohem Verkehrsaufkommen) sowie neue Arbeitsformen (z. B. fehlende Abgrenzung von Arbeits- und Privatleben) beschrieben. Arbeitsressourcen umfassen z. B. die hohe Eigenverantwortung, den großen Freiraum, die Sinnhaftigkeit der Arbeit sowie die Möglichkeit des Selbstschutzes durch das häufige Wechseln des Settings. Es zeigt sich ein dringender Forschungsbedarf, psychische Belastungsfaktoren sowie Ressourcen noch systematischer zu ermitteln sowie mögliche Fehlbeanspruchungsfolgen offenzulegen. Besonders vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels und der damit verbundenen Verschiebung der Altersstrukturen bedarf es weiterer, umfassender Forschungsansätze, um zukünftig in der ambulanten Pflege gesundheitsfördernde Maßnahmen zielgruppenspezifisch entwickeln zu können.
Religiosität in unterschiedlichen Religionskulturen – Vergleiche auf der Basis der Centrality of Religiosity Scale
Authors: Huber Stefan , Ackert Michael , Scheiblich Herbert 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag diskutiert die interreligiöse Anwendbarkeit der Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS). Ein wesentlicher Teil besteht in der soziologischen Begründung von sechs Kerndimensionen der Religiosität (Ideologie, Intellekt, Erfahrung, private Praxis, öffentliche Praxis, Konsequenzen im Alltag), wobei die CRS auf den ersten fünf Dimensionen basiert. Bei der theoretischen Begründung der Kerndimensionen spielen ihre relative Autonomie sowie soziale Erwartungen an religiöse Personen eine entscheidende Rolle. Für die interreligiöse Anwendbarkeit der CRS spricht, dass die thematisierten sozialen Erwartungen bei allen größeren Religionskulturen gegeben sind. Darauf aufbauend werden die Operationalisierung der Kerndimensionen sowie einzelne Modifikationen der Indikatoren in bestimmten Religionskulturen dargestellt. Dabei sind die Formspezifik und inhaltliche Allgemeinheit der Indikatoren zentral, um die CRS vergleichend in unterschiedlichen Religionskulturen anwenden zu können. In empirischer Hinsicht wird die Reliabilität (Cronbachs Alpha) der aus zehn Indikatoren bestehenden CRS-10 bei jüdischen, christlichen, islamischen, hinduistischen und buddhistischen Respondenten in den Daten des internationalen Religionsmonitors 2007, der in 21 Ländern unter Berücksichtigung der genannten fünf großen Religionskulturen durchgeführt wurde, diskutiert. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass sich nach der Berücksichtigung des Modernisierungsgrads einer Gesellschaft und der Anteil von Säkularen die Reliabilitätskoeffizienten in allen Religionskulturen in einem akzeptablen Bereich befinden.
Burden of perianalStaphylococcus aureuscolonization in nursing home residents increases transmission to healthcare worker gowns and gloves
Authors: Kim Justin J. , Johnson J. Kristie , Stucke Emily M. , Sorkin John D. , Zhao LiCheng , Lydecker Alison , Mody Lona , Roghmann Mary-Claire 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the effect of the burden ofStaphylococcus aureuscolonization of nursing home residents on the risk ofS. aureustransmission to healthcare worker (HCW) gowns and gloves.Design:Multicenter prospective cohort study.Setting and participants:Residents and HCWs from 13 community-based nursing homes in Maryland and Michigan.Methods:Residents were cultured forS. aureusat the anterior nares and perianal skin. TheS. aureusburden was estimated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction detecting thenucgene. HCWs wore gowns and gloves during usual care activities; gowns and gloves were swabbed and then cultured for the presence ofS. aureus.Results:In total, 403 residents were enrolled; 169 were colonized with methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) or methicillin-sensitiveS. aureus(MSSA) and comprised the study population; 232 were not colonized and thus were excluded from this analysis; and 2 were withdrawn prior to being swabbed. After multivariable analysis, perianal colonization withS. aureusconferred the greatest odds for transmission to HCW gowns and gloves, and the odds increased with increasing burden of colonization: adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.1 (95% CI, 1.3–3.5) for low-level colonization and aOR 5.2 (95% CI, 3.1–8.7) for high level colonization.Conclusions:Among nursing home patients colonized withS. aureus, the risk of transmission to HCW gowns and gloves was greater from those colonized with greater quantities ofS. aureuson the perianal skin. Our findings inform future infection control practices for both MRSA and MSSA in nursing homes.
Break-Up Anxiety in Conflict Narratives Told by Emerging Adult Couples
Authors: Liang Elisa , Feiring Candice 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Seeking to understand how emerging adult couples frame unmet needs viewed as a threat to their relationship, we examined narratives in which both partners (12 couples) or only one partner (37 couples) expressed break-up anxiety (BUA). The unmet need of Autonomy was more common in partners with BUA whereas Affiliation was more common in those without it. Overlap in narrating the same unmet needs related to BUA was common when both partners expressed BUA, modest when only the female and low when only the male partner expressed BUA. Female partners were more likely to mention BUA and intimacy problems related to BUA than male partners. Couple interventions that target how to disclose and process BUA may help partners develop more effective intimacy skills and, when need be, skills to end relationships in more adaptive ways.
The influence of maternal contact on activity, emotionality and social competence in young dairy calves
Authors: Santo Noemi Kim , König von Borstel Uta , Sirovnik Janja 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study reported in this research communication aimed to assess the influence of maternal contact on calves' activity, fearfulness, and social competence. Calves were either dam-reared for their first 14 d of age (Maternal Contact, n = 12) or were separated from their dams within 12 h after birth (Motherless, n = 12). Calves of both treatments and the dams of Maternal Contact calves were group-housed and suckling was prevented with udder nets. The general activity (lying, locomotion, swapping between lying and standing) was measured using pedometers in eight Maternal Contact and eight Motherless calves within a 24-d period. Since general activity might be affected by calves' age or the separation of Maternal Contact calves from the dams the 24-d period was additionally divided into two groups (period A: 3rd–13th day of age, period B: 14th–27th day of age). Emotionality and social competence were assessed in the open field, novel object, and confrontation test with an unknown cow at 14, 21, and 28 d of age, respectively. Mann–Whitney-U-tests were performed for statistical analysis. Locomotion was greater in Motherless calves than Maternal Contact calves during the 24-d period (A + B combined, P < 0.001) and period B (14th to 27th day of age, P < 0.001). There was no treatment difference in duration of lying or in the amount of swapping in any of the periods. After a Bonferroni correction, which we used due to the exploratory character of the study, there were no treatment differences in behaviours indicating emotionality. Compared to Motherless calves, Maternal Contact calves showed increased vigilance (P < 0.01) during the confrontation test. The results of this study indicate that mother-reared calves likely searched less for social contact and developed greater social skills than calves that were separated from their mothers soon after birth.
Authority conflicts in internet governance: Liberals vs. sovereigntists?
Authors: FLONK DANIËLLE , JACHTENFUCHS MARKUS , OBENDIEK ANKE S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe analyse conflicts over norms and institutions in internet governance. In this emerging field, dispute settlement is less institutionalised and conflicts take place at a foundational level. Internet governance features two competing spheres of authority characterised by fundamentally diverging social purposes: A more consolidated liberal sphere emphasises a limited role of the state, private and multistakeholder governance and freedom of speech. A sovereigntist challenger sphere emphasises state control, intergovernmentalism and push against the preponderance of Western institutions and private actors. We trace the activation and evolution of conflict between these spheres with regard to norms and institutions in four instances: the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), the World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT-12), the fifth session of the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts (UNGGE) and the Budapest Convention of the Council of Europe. We observe intense norm collisions, and strategic attempts at competitive regime creation and regime shifting towards intergovernmental structures by the sovereigntist sphere. Despite these aggressive attempts at creating new institutions and norms, the existing internet governance order is still in place. Hence, authority conflicts in global internet governance do not necessarily lead to fragmentation.
Crustal Strength Variations Inferred From Earthquake Stress Drop at Axial Seamount Surrounding the 2015 Eruption
Authors: Moyer Pamela A. , Boettcher Margaret S. , Bohnenstiehl DelWayne R. , Abercrombie Rachel E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVariations in stress drops of earthquakes associated with the April and May 2015 eruption of Axial Seamount, on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, suggest a reduction in crustal strength as a result of the eruption. Seismicity during the inflation and deflation periods was well recorded by ocean bottom seismometers located within and along the caldera. We use these nearby recordings and an empirical Green's function spectral ratio method to obtain corner frequencies for stress drops of earthquakes on caldera ring faults. We find stress drops from 0.6 to 43 MPa for 423 ring fault earthquakes (1.6 ≤ MW ≤ 3.6) and an average stress drop two times higher during the inflation period (6.4 MPa) prior to the eruption, than during the subsequent deflation (3.2 MPa). Stress drops also correlate with spatially varying shear wave speed, possibly reflecting a region of pervasive cracking in the northern caldera.
Ionospheric Signatures of Ring Current Ions Scattered by Magnetosonic Waves
Authors: Yuan Zhigang , Yao Fei , Yu Xiongdong , Ouyang Zhihai , Huang Shiyong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this letter, we present unique conjugated satellite observations of ionospheric signatures of ring current (RC) ions scattered by fast magnetosonic (MS) waves. In the plasmasphere, the Van Allen Probe in situ observed MS waves. At ionospheric altitudes, the NOAA 16 satellite at the footprint of Van Allen Probe simultaneously observed obvious enhancements of mirroring RC ions, but no obvious variations of precipitating RC ions at subauroral latitudes. Theoretical calculations of pitch angle diffusion coefficients for RC ions confirm that observed MS waves can lead to flux enhancements only for mirroring but not for precipitating RC ions, which is in agreement with the observations of NOAA 16. Our result provides a direct link between in situ inner magnetospheric observations of MS waves and conjugated ionospheric observations of flux enhancements for mirroring RC ions caused by MS waves so as to reveal the ionospheric signature of RC ions scattered by MS waves.
First Report of an Eclipse From Chilean Ionosonde Observations: Comparison With Total Electron Content Estimations and the Modeled Maximum Electron Concentration and Its Height
Authors: Bravo M. , Martínez‐Ledesma M. , Foppiano A. , Urra B. , Ovalle E. , Villalobos C. , Souza J. , Carrasco E. , Muñoz P. R. , Tamblay L. , Vega‐Jorquera P. , Marín J. , Pacheco R. , Rojo E. , Leiva R. , Stepanova M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ionospheric responses to the total solar eclipse on 2 July 2019 over low latitudes in southern South America are presented. Ionosonde observations were used within the totality path at La Serena (LS: 29.9°S, 71.3°W) and at Tucumán (TU: 26.9°S, 65.4°W) and Jicamarca (JI: 12.0°S, 76.8°W), with 85% and 52% obscuration, respectively. Total electron content (TEC) estimations over the South American continent were analyzed. The ionospheric impact of the eclipse was simulated using the Sheffield University Plasmasphere‐Ionosphere Model (SUPIM) at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). The significant variability of the diurnal variations of the various ionospheric characteristics over equatorial and low latitudes on geomagnetically quiet days makes it difficult to unambiguously determine the ionospheric responses to the eclipse. Nonetheless, some specific issues can be derived, mainly using simulation results. The E and F1 layer critical frequencies and densities below 200 km are found to consistently depend on decreasing solar radiation. However, the F1 layer stratification observed at both TU and LS cannot be related to the eclipse or other processes. The F2 layer does not follow the changes in direct solar radiation during the eclipse. The SUPIM‐INPE‐modeled F region critical frequency and TEC are overestimated before the eclipse at LS and particularly at TU. However, these overestimations are within the observed large day‐to‐day variability. When an artificial prereversal enhancement is added, the simulations during the eclipse better reproduce the observations at JI, are qualitatively better for LS, and are out of phase for TU. The simulations are consistent with conjugate location effects.
Immunological distinctions between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Koo Seo-Young , Park Eun-Ji , Lee Chang-Woo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of chronic liver disease, ranges from simple hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is a more aggressive form characterized by hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Increasing evidence suggests that NASH is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Recent studies support a strong mechanistic link between the NASH microenvironment and HCC development. The liver has a large capacity to remove circulating pathogens and gut-derived microbial compounds. Thus, the liver is a central player in immunoregulation. Altered immune responses are tightly associated with the development of NASH and HCC. The objective of this study was to differentiate the roles of specific immune cell subsets in NASH and HCC pathogenesis.
Unique inducible filamentous motility identified in pathogenic Bacillus cereus group species
Authors: Liu Martha M , Coleman Shannon , Wilkinson Lauren , Smith Maren L , Hoang Thomas , Niyah Naomi , Mukherjee Manjari , Huynh Steven , Parker Craig T , Kovac Jasna , Hancock Robert E W , Gaynor Erin C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Active migration across semi-solid surfaces is important for bacterial success by facilitating colonization of unoccupied niches and is often associated with altered virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles. We isolated an atmospheric contaminant, subsequently identified as a new strain of Bacillus mobilis, which showed a unique, robust, rapid, and inducible filamentous surface motility. This flagella-independent migration was characterized by formation of elongated cells at the expanding edge and was induced when cells were inoculated onto lawns of metabolically inactive Campylobacter jejuni cells, autoclaved bacterial biomass, adsorbed milk, and adsorbed blood atop hard agar plates. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), bacterial membrane components, and sterile human fecal extracts were also sufficient to induce filamentous expansion. Screening of eight other Bacillus spp. showed that filamentous motility was conserved amongst B. cereus group species to varying degrees. RNA-Seq of elongated expanding cells collected from adsorbed milk and PC lawns versus control rod-shaped cells revealed dysregulation of genes involved in metabolism and membrane transport, sporulation, quorum sensing, antibiotic synthesis, and virulence (e.g., hblA/B/C/D and plcR). These findings characterize the robustness and ecological significance of filamentous surface motility in B. cereus group species and lay the foundation for understanding the biological role it may play during environment and host colonization.
Versatile cyanobacteria control the timing and extent of sulfide production in a Proterozoic analog microbial mat
Authors: Klatt Judith M , Gomez-Saez Gonzalo V , Meyer Steffi , Ristova Petra Pop , Yilmaz Pelin , Granitsiotis Michael S , Macalady Jennifer L , Lavik Gaute , Polerecky Lubos , Bühring Solveig I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cyanobacterial mats were hotspots of biogeochemical cycling during the Precambrian. However, mechanisms that controlled O2 release by these ecosystems are poorly understood. In an analog to Proterozoic coastal ecosystems, the Frasassi sulfidic springs mats, we studied the regulation of oxygenic and sulfide-driven anoxygenic photosynthesis (OP and AP) in versatile cyanobacteria, and interactions with sulfur reducing bacteria (SRB). Using microsensors and stable isotope probing we found that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) released by OP fuels sulfide production, likely by a specialized SRB population. Increased sulfide fluxes were only stimulated after the cyanobacteria switched from AP to OP. O2 production triggered migration of large sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from the surface to underneath the cyanobacterial layer. The resultant sulfide shield tempered AP and allowed OP to occur for a longer duration over a diel cycle. The lack of cyanobacterial DOC supply to SRB during AP therefore maximized O2 export. This mechanism is unique to benthic ecosystems because transitions between metabolisms occur on the same time scale as solute transport to functionally distinct layers, with the rearrangement of the system by migration of microorganisms exaggerating the effect. Overall, cyanobacterial versatility disrupts the synergistic relationship between sulfide production and AP, and thus enhances diel O2 production.
A Japanese girl with mild xeroderma pigmentosum group D neurological disease diagnosed using whole-exome sequencing
Authors: Yokoi Takayuki , Enomoto Yumi , Uehara Tomoko , Kosaki Kenjiro , Kurosawa Kenji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report a Japanese girl with mild xeroderma pigmentosum group D neurological disease. She had short stature, cataracts, intellectual disability, and mild skin symptoms. However, she was not clinically diagnosed. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in ERCC2. In the future, the patient may develop skin cancer and her neurological symptoms may progress. Early genetic testing is necessary to clarify the cause of symptoms in undiagnosed patients.
M-protein based vaccine induces immunogenicity and protection from Streptococcus pyogenes when delivered on a high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP)
Authors: Mills Jamie-Lee S. , Jayashi Flores Cesar M. , Reynolds Simone , Wun Christine , Calcutt Ainslie , Baker S. Ben , Murugappan Senthil , Depelsenaire Alexandra C. I. , Dooley Jessica , Fahey Paul V. , Forster Angus H. , Pandey Manisha , Good Michael F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe evaluated vaccination against Streptococcus pyogenes with the candidate vaccine, J8-DT, delivered by a high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP). We showed that vaccination with J8-DT eluted from a coated HD-MAP (J8-DT/HD-MAP), induced similar total IgG responses to that generated by vaccination with J8-DT adjuvanted with Alum (J8-DT/Alum). We evaluated the effect of dose reduction and the number of vaccinations on the antibody response profile of vaccinated mice. A reduction in the number of vaccinations (from three to two) with J8-DT/HD-MAP induced comparable antibody responses to three vaccinations with intramuscular J8-DT/Alum. Vaccine-induced protection against an S. pyogenes skin challenge was assessed. J8-DT/HD-MAP vaccination led to a significant reduction in the number of S. pyogenes colony forming units in skin (92.9%) and blood (100%) compared to intramuscular vaccination with unadjuvanted J8-DT. The protection profile was comparable to that of intramuscular J8-DT/Alum. J8-DT/HD-MAP induced a shift in the antibody isotype profile, with a bias towards Th1-related isotypes, compared to J8-DT/Alum (Th2 bias). Based on the results of this study, the use of J8-DT/HD-MAP should be considered in future clinical development and control programs against S. pyogenes. Furthermore, the innate characteristics of the technology, such as vaccine stability and increased coverage, ease of use, reduction of sharp waste and the potential reduction of dose may be advantageous compared to current vaccination methods.