bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Logik der Sprache: Hölderlin und Hegel
Authors: Kreuzer Johann 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper “on the logics of language” discusses the fundamental role which the reality of language plays in the thinking of Hölderlin as well as in Hegel. Common to both is the emphasis on the ‘Wirklichkeit der Sprache’ – in the double sense of this phrase: the reality language is, and the reality language has. At the same time there is, of course, the great difference that for Hegel the logic of language fulfils itself in the ‘work of the concept(s)’ [“Arbeit des Begriffs”], while for Hölderlin it is fulfilled in forms of poetry or in the broader sense of poetic work. The paper explores the origins, conceptual basics and consequences of the dialectic between moving ‘from language to logics’ in Hegel and moving ‘from logics to language’ in Hölderlin. The main works of Hegel considered here are Die Phänomenologie des Geistes, Wissenschaft der Logik and some parts of the Enzyklopädie (1830); from Hölderlin the focus is on the theoretical fragments Seyn, Urtheil, …, Das untergehende Vaterland … and Wenn der Dichter einmal des Geistes mächtig ist …. One central issue treated by exploring the discussion between Hegel and Hölderlin is their respective concepts of memory and its development. Reflecting on the connection between the power of imagination and the necessity of forms of utterance is the other. The primary aim of the paper is to explain the relevance that Hölderlin’s poetic work has in philosophical perspective – a relevance which can be explained in relation to Hegel.
Multi-temporal survey of diaphragm wall with terrestrial laser scanning method
Authors: Zaczek-Peplinska Janina , Kowalska Maria Elżbieta , Łapiński Sławomir , Grzyb Michał 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The development of measurement technologies allows for acquiring various data. The Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology is frequently combined with classic geodetic measurements – tacheometry or levelling. This article presents a process of the diaphragm wall monitoring during excavation supported with a top-down method. The construction technology applied required proper planning and performance of measurements in difficult construction site conditions in the city centre. TLS allowed for limiting works at daytime and performing monitoring during the night break in works at the construction site as well as limiting the impact of the subsoil process vibrations on the values of displacements and deformations determined. The authors present a comparison of the results of displacement and deformation measurements with a terrestrial laser scanning and tacheometric measurement method. The possibilities of using the data acquired, among others, for the indication of filtration areas, spatial surface deformation analyses and assessment of the wall execution compliance with the design are presented. The analyses carried out show that the TLS may be used in the investment process from the very beginning, being a component of the Building Information Modelling (BIM).
Technology and innovation: Changing concept of rural tourism – A systematic review
Authors: Kumar Suneel , Shekhar  
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aims to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the impact of technology in the tourism industry and its application in rural tourism research to serve the objective of socio-economic development. Research articles were selected from journals indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, or those that are listed in the Australian Business Deans Council or University Grants Commission – Consortium for Academic & Research Ethics list. This study provides a summarized conclusion of research trends undergoing rural tourisms area while simultaneously highlighting the themes and areas that could be addressed through the tourism industry. This study tries to establish a link between the use of technology and the development of the rural tourism industry. Also, it concludes that the use of technology has evolved the way that rural tourism could be conducted. Furthermore, it has opened up ways to use rural tourism as a means to solve existing socio-economic challenges in society. This study is new and it certainly adds to the value of researchers and academicians working in this domain by providing them with research areas that require a thought to ponder upon.
Adjudicating Cryptocurrencies at the WTO: Potential Threshold and Substantive Issues
Authors: Chandy Sandeep Thomas , Bhardwaj Prakhar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTaking Venezuela’s complaint against the United States at the World Trade Organisation (“WTO”) as the inflection point, this Article will explore whether a characterisation of cryptocurrencies as a ‘currency’ (similar to a fiat currency) would ensure that cryptocurrencies are not covered by WTO disciplines on goods and services. Despite customary international law principles such as ius cudendae monetae and the persuasive argument that a ‘currency’ is neither a good or service – the Article answers this question in the negative. It will divide issues that can arise during such a WTO dispute into three categories: threshold, substantive and compliance issues. Threshold issues would involve interpretative challenges to determine whether the General Agreement on Trade in Services (“GATS”) and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (“GATT”) regulate cryptocurrencies. Since the GATS Schedule of Commitments has historically been interpreted in a technologically neutral manner, identifying cryptocurrencies as a ‘service’ may not prove to be insurmountable. However, the claim that cryptocurrencies are barter goods that will be subject to disciplines of the GATT deserves critical scrutiny – more so because the GATT regulates tangible products and contains specific provisions relating to balance-of-payments. The Article also undertakes a theoretical analysis of the heterodoxical nature of the cryptocurrency to evaluate whether it can be classified as a ‘security’ within the meaning of the GATS’ Annex on Financial Services. These threshold issues are, however, the tip of the iceberg. Once a WTO Panel commences its analysis, the substantive issues for consideration would involve determining whether a unique product such as cryptocurrencies has a ‘like product’ in the respondent Member’s market. Further, the Panel’s analysis would involve a consideration relating to ‘general exceptions’ under Article XIV, GATS or Article XX, GATT which would entail an examination of whether the measure was necessary to achieve, amongst other regulatory objectives, either compliance with domestic regulations or the maintenance of public order. If the measure adversely impacting cryptocurrencies is determined to be WTO-inconsistent, issues of compliance and suspension of concessions are imminent. WTO Panels have historically estimated the . quantum of suspensions of concessions by determining the trade volumes affected by the WTO-inconsistent measure and factoring it for a future time period. The decentralised nature of the distributed ledger technology underlying cryptocurrencies complicates any country-specific quantification of the impact on trade volumes of cryptocurrencies affected by the WTO inconsistent measure. Accordingly, determining suspensions of concessions in relation to cryptocurrencies would require significant judicial innovation by the arbitrator. Adjudicating Cryptocurrencies at the WTO: Potential Threshold and Substantive Issues.
Hedging devices in applied linguistics research papers: Do gender and nativeness matter?
Authors: Weisi Hiwa , Asakereh Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present study aims at investigating the impact of gender and being native and non-native on the use of hedging devices in the discussion part of Applied Linguistics research papers written by native English/non-native (Iranian) male and female research writers. To this end, 60 Applied Linguistic research papers (15 for each group of research writers) were investigated based on Salager-Meyer, Françoise. 1994. Hedges and textual communicative function in medical English written discourse. English for Specific Purposes 13(2). 149–170 taxonomy. The results of Chi-square analyses indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between male and female research writers in terms of the frequency of use of hedging devices adopted in the discussion part of the research papers in the realm of Applied Linguistics. Moreover, the results of the study showed that the discussion parts of Applied Linguistics research papers written by male and female native English research writers were more hedged than those written by their Iranian counterparts. The pedagogical and implications of the findings are dealt with in the discussion and conclusion sections of the study.
Propylene carbonate synthesis from propylene oxide and CO2 over Ga-Silicate-1 catalyst
Authors: Aouissi Ahmed , Aldhayan Dhaifallah , Abduh Naaser A. Y. , Kahtani Abdullah Al 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGallosilicate zeolite (Ga-Silicate-1) was synthesized and characterized by wet chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, BET surface area analysis and29Si MAS NMR. The prepared Ga-Silicate-1, calcined in the temperature range from 350°C to 550°C, was tested as a catalyst for the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC) from CO2and propylene oxide in a solvent-free reaction. The effects of various parameters, such as co-catalyst, reaction temperature, reaction time, and pressure of CO2, on the reaction were investigated. It has been found that increasing the calcination temperature from 500°C to 550°C decreased both the conversion and selectivity to PC from 63.7% to 20.6% and from 77.6% to 58.9%, respectively. Unlike conversion and selectivity, the surface area increased from 96.1 to 103.8 m2/g. This significant increase in surface area due to the degalliation of the zeolite, along with the decrease in conversion, clearly indicates the role of gallium in the production of PC. Under mild reaction conditions (75°C andP(CO2)= 0.55 MPa), a conversion of 70.8% and a selectivity of 81.3% were obtained. Based on the obtained results, a mechanism for the synthesis of PC over the Ga-Silicate-1 catalyst was proposed.
Does watching violent electronic and social media content lead to increased levels of aggression? A survey among adolescents in an urban slum of metropolitan Karachi
Authors: Tahir Ayesha , Baig Lubna Ansari , Ahmer Zaeema 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Increased levels of aggression and desensitization of adolescents has been witnessed as a result of exposure to violent social/electronic media content. It is imperative for policymakers to study such behavioral outcomes in order to make sound policies regarding media literacy. The objective of the study therefore was to assess relationship between violent electronic/social media exposure and level of aggression.

Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted among adolescents aged 9–19 years in peri-urban slum of Karachi. Content-based Media Exposure scale and Buss and Perry questionnaire, internationally validated tools were used to collect data. Level of aggression was the main outcome variable which was analyzed.

Results
Four hundred and twenty-two adolescents participated in the survey. Usage of television was significantly higher in the younger age group whereas the effect of watching violent content among the adolescents varied. It was observed that 153 (36.3%) respondents felt stressed and 24 (5.7%) felt aggressive after watching violent content on electronic and social media. The contents showing people who fight (39.6 ± 5.6, p-value<0.05), who steal (39.5 ± 7.5, p-value=<0.05) and destroyed someone else’s belongings (40.6 ± 7.6, p-value=<0.05) had a significant effect on the level of aggression. Regression analysis predicted a strong positive association of exposure of violent content with level of aggression (β=0.43).

Conclusions
The usage of violent content on social and electronic media was popular among adolescents, and produced negative effects on the behavior of adolescents. Measures should be taken to introduce media literacy of the children in Pakistan, especially in the peri-urban slums.
Contraception use: is everything played at first intercourse?
Authors: Meuwly Marion , Barrense-Dias Yara , Auderset Diane , Surís Joan-Carles 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The rate of condom and other contraception use varies depending on social, personal and sexual characteristics. We present a study covering various contraceptive means, considering sexual orientation and considering a large panel of co-variables among Swiss resident young adults.

Methods
Data were obtained from a self-administrated national survey on sexual behavior. Participants (N=4703, 49% males) were divided into three groups based on the mean of contraception used at last intercourse: CONDOM (55.1, 54.3% males), CONTRACEPTIVE (34.3, 43.1% males) and NON-USE (10.5, 50.7% males). By gender, groups were compared on sociodemographic and personal characteristics, contraception used at first intercourse (FI) and sexual life.

Results
Globally, 90% of participants used a reliable contraception at last intercourse. Compared to the CONDOM group, participants in the CONTRACEPTIVE group were more likely to have already used a contraceptive at FI, and individuals in the NON-USE group were more likely to have had a non-use or to have used a contraceptive only at FI.

Conclusions
Contraception at FI seems to have a considerable impact on the further use of contraception. It seems thus essential to make all necessary efforts in order to promote the best contraception and protection at FI.
Water polo-related injuries among adolescents and young adults treated at emergency departments
Authors: Forrester Mathias B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Water polo is a physically demanding contact sport involving swimming, overhead throwing, and wrestling/defending that can result in acute injuries. The objective of this study was to characterize water polo-related injuries among adolescents and young adults treated at United States (US) emergency departments (EDs).

Methods
Cases were water polo-related injuries among patients age 13–25 years reported to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) during 2000–2019. The distribution of the national injury estimates was determined for selected variables.

Results
A total of 418 water polo-related injuries among patients age 13–25 years treated at US EDs during 2000–2019 were identified, resulting in a national estimate of 15,426 injuries. The patient was age 13–18 years in 73.5% of the injuries, 19–22 years in 20.5%, and 23–25 years in 6.0%; 62.1% of the patients were male and 37.9% female. The injury occurred at a place of recreation or sports in 63.4% of the injuries and a school in 21.4%. The most common diagnoses were a laceration (19.4%), strain or sprain (17.8%), contusion or abrasion (17.6%), or fracture (13.0%). The affected body part was 53.6% head and neck, 31.1% upper extremity, 8.0% trunk, 6.5% lower extremity, and 0.7% other/unknown. The patient was treated, released, or transferred in 98.3% of the injuries.

Conclusion
The majority of patients were adolescents and male. Most of the injuries occurred at a place of recreation or sports or school. The most commonly reported injuries were laceration and strain or sprain and most often affected the head and neck.
The use of beetroot extract and extract powder in sausages as natural food colorant
Authors: Aykın-Dinçer Elif , Güngör Keziban Kübra , Çağlar Emine , Erbaş Mustafa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Four colorants (control, carmine, beetroot extract and beetroot extract powder) and two methods (fermentation and heat treatment) were used in the production of sausages. The betalain content, total phenolic substance content and ORAC and TEAC values of concentrated beetroot extract were 562.08 mg/L, 27.72 mg GAE/mL, 33.96 µmol TE/mL and 35.70 mmol TE/L, respectively. The moisture content, pH value, lightness (L*), yellowness (b*) and odor values of heat-processed sausages were higher than those of fermented sausages. 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were lower in sausages with beetroot extract (20.51 μmol·MDA/kg) and powder (19.03 μmol MDA/kg) than for control and carmine treatments. The use of beetroot extract and powder positively affected the sensory appearance, color, flavor and overall acceptance of sausages. Thus, beetroot extract and powder could be used as alternatives to carmine in sausage production.
Stability control of a novel multidimensional fractional-order financial system with time‐delay via impulse control
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Zhang Jing , Cheng Fan Yong , Liu Feng , Ding Can 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned about the impulsive control of a class of novel nonlinear fractional-order financial system with time-delay. Considering the variation of every states in the fractional-order financial system in the real world has certain delay for various reasons, thus we add corresponding delay on every state variable. Different from the traditional method of stability judgment, we choose two dimensions of time and space to analyze, which makes the process more accurate. In addition, the sufficient condition of the stability criterion for the fractional-order financial system based on impulsive control is derived. Moreover, the impulsive control can not only make the fractional-order financial system stable in different time delay but also in the different fractional operator. Consequently, the impulsive control has generality, universality and strong applicability. In the end, some numerical simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness and the benefit of the proposed method.
Analysis of the bio-psychological characteristics of Sasang typology in Korean preschool children using the ponderal index and the temperament and character inventory
Authors: Lee Sun Haeng , Hwang Minwoo , Choi Seong Heon , Kim Hyung Joong , Lee Eun Ju , Kwon Chan-Young , Chung Sun Yong , Kim Jong Woo , Chang Gyu Tae 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify different physical and mental characteristics among three common Sasang types, Tae-eum, So-yang, and So-eum (except scarce type, Tae-Yang) in preschoolers, to improve constitutional diagnoses.

Methods
Our study included 65 boys and 67 girls from six kindergartens in South Korea. The number of children who were categorized as Tae-Yang, Tae-Eum, So-Yang, and So-Eum types were 1, 56, 40, and 35, respectively. We measured height, weight, mid-parental height, predicted adult height, ponderal index (PI), and findings from the junior temperament and character inventory 3 to 6.

Results
The Tae-eum type exhibited higher weight percentiles and PIs than the other types (p < 0.001), and the So-eum type displayed higher harm avoidance (HA) scores than the Tae-eum type (p = 0.033).

Conclusions
Children with high PIs and low HA scores have a higher probability of being classified as the Tae-eum type than as the So-eum type.
Two Dogmas of Egalitarianism
Authors: Den Uyl Douglas J. , Rasmussen Douglas B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It is more than clear that in our previous works—Norms of Liberty and The Perfectionist Turn—we are opposing what is generally understood as egalitarianism in political philosophy. Our purpose here is to clarify our opposition by showing that our rejection of egalitarianism cannot be successfully accused of being inconsistent with morality itself. We believe that discussing what we call “two dogmas of egalitarianism” will go some distance in accomplishing that end. These “dogmas” can be stated as follows: (1) The burden of proof for any deviation from equality in ethics rests upon the advocate of inequality; and (2) One's position on the natural equality (or inequality) of human beings requires a similar position in one’s ethical conclusions.
Right-angled Artin groups and enhanced Koszul properties
Authors: Cassella Alberto , Quadrelli Claudio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Let

𝔽

{\mathbb{F}}

be a finite field.
We prove that the cohomology algebra

H
∙

⁢

(

G
Γ

,
𝔽
)

{H^{\bullet}(G_{\Gamma},\mathbb{F})}

with coefficients in

𝔽

{\mathbb{F}}

of a right-angled Artin group

G
Γ

{G_{\Gamma}}

is a strongly Koszul algebra for every finite graph Γ.
Moreover,

H
∙

⁢

(

G
Γ

,
𝔽
)

{H^{\bullet}(G_{\Gamma},\mathbb{F})}

is a universally Koszul algebra if, and only if, the graph Γ associated to the group

G
Γ

{G_{\Gamma}}

has the diagonal property.
From this, we obtain several new examples of pro-p groups, for a prime number p, whose continuous cochain cohomology algebra with coefficients in the field of p elements is strongly and universally (or strongly and non-universally) Koszul.
This provides new support to a conjecture on Galois cohomology of maximal pro-p Galois groups of fields formulated by J. Mináč et al.
1 × 2 plasmonic wavelength demultiplexer using rectangular MIM waveguide
Authors: Aparna U. , Mendiratta Rahul , Shrinidhi L. K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A 1 × 2 plasmonic demultiplexer with a rectangular metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide comprising one input port and two output ports has been proposed. The proposed demultiplexer is based on the principle of interference of surface plasmon polariton waves. By placing the output port at the designed position along the rectangular MIM waveguide, the desired wavelength can be extracted from the mixture of the wavelengths. Results were simulated using finite element method (FEM) technique and plot of field and its intensity were obtained for both the wavelengths. The results agree with the proposed theory. Power transmission of more than 80% at the desired port with a suppression of more than 90% at the undesired port is obtained for both the wavelengths. A low crosstalk of less than −11.06 dB with a low insertion loss of less than 14.32 dB are measured. It is shown that the wavelength selectivity of the plasmonic demultiplexer is further dependent on the width of the MIM waveguide as well as the materials chosen. The design can be further extended to a 1×N demultiplexer by appropriate selection of position of the output ports.