bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Materiality analysis in sustainability and integrated reports
Authors: Beske Felix , Haustein Ellen , Lorson Peter C. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to assess the disclosure on materiality analysis in sustainability and integrated reports through the lenses of legitimacy and stakeholder theory. The following three research questions are addressed: to what extent do companies report on their materiality analysis, what are the methods used for the analysis of the stakeholders and their topics/aspects and is there a higher disclosure of information of materiality assessment because of G4.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses an archival research approach and deploys content analysis. Thus, a binary disclosure index was developed that indicates whether materiality related information are mentioned and explained in detail. The sample contains 132 reports from 33 companies of the German 110 HDAX stock market index between 2014 and 2017.

Findings
The paper reveals that materiality analysis is a growing phenomenon. Nevertheless, companies disclose only a small amount of related information and fail to explain the methods for the stakeholder and topics/aspects identification. Thus, the underlying processes to define the report content remains unclear. Through the lenses of legitimacy theory, the study indicates that materiality analysis can strategically be misused to define report content without considering the interests of legitimized stakeholder groups and thus, does not improve the reports to those groups.

Practical implications
Managers are urged to regard the importance of reporting about ongoing materiality assessments, as otherwise, concerns about the overall reliability of the information presented may arise.

Social implications
Poor reporting about materiality assessments might lead to potential conflicts with stakeholders that do see their important topics not sufficiently reflected in the sustainability or integrated report.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature regarding materiality in sustainability and integrated reporting and uses the assumptions of disclosure theories to evaluate the disclosure of a specific disclosure item.
An empirical investigation and prioritizing critical barriers of green manufacturing implementation practices through VIKOR approach
Authors: Singh Mahakdeep , Singh Kanwarpreet , Sethi APS 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical barriers of green manufacturing implementation practices in Indian SME’s with the VIKOR approach.

Design/methodology/approach
Challenges faced in the implementation of green manufacturing by Indian SME’s have been extracted from literature review, and questionnaire survey of Indian SME’s is done. The responses are further annealed and analysed using a factor analysis technique and ranked with the VIKOR technique.

Findings
The literature was studied, and various challenges were listed and were grouped into six critical latent challenges by using the factor analysis technique, and it was found that Economic constraints tops with the VIKOR technique. The recognition of the outcomes of critical barriers was assumed to be substantial in the current scenario.

Originality/value
Present study reveals that green manufacturing implementation in Indian SME’s faces many challenges. The outcomes of the study will help green manufacturing practitioners, HR executives and managers in the various manufacturing organizations to develop clarity in understanding and developing strategies for the implementation of green manufacturing. Hence, the information obtained from the empirical examination of barriers in implementing green manufacturing will be helpful in improving the overall implementation plan.
Responses of soil bacterial compositions to concentrations of nitrogen forms in the process of Moso bamboo invasion
Authors: Li Weicheng , Sheng Haiyan , Liu Yaoyao , Chen Weijie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe analyzed and compared the soil bacterial diversity and difference in community composition in a Moso bamboo forest, a mixed Moso bamboo–conifer (Pinus massoniana) forest, and a coniferous forest. The relative abundances of Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes were significantly lower in the Moso bamboo forest, while those of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, TM‐7 and Chlamydiae were greatly increased. The α‐diversity in the Moso bamboo forest was different from that in the other two forest types but was not statistically distinguished. Principal coordinates analysis suggested that the invasion of Moso bamboo affected the community composition and diversity of soil bacteria. This impact was associated with the soil biochemical environment, as evidenced by increased mean values of soil organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N), significant increases in microbial biomass C and N, and a decrease in the NO3−–N content, which indicated that the nitrification rate was reduced in the mixed Moso bamboo–conifer forest. There were no overall correlations between the dominant bacterial phyla and soil biochemical gradients; however, individual dominant phyla correlated with the concentration of N forms, which indicated that the responses of bacteria were sensitive to, and varied depending on, the concentration of soil N forms. In addition, there were correlations between non‐dominant bacterial phyla with respect to operational taxonomic unit proportions <1.0%, and overall gradients of water‐soluble organic N and NO3−–N. The results of this study showed that the changes in soil bacterial flora are associated with the changes in concentration of N forms during the invasion of Moso bamboo.
Magnetic resonance‐guided radiation therapy: A review
Authors: Chin Stephen , Eccles Cynthia L , McWilliam Alan , Chuter Robert , Walker Emma , Whitehurst Philip , Berresford Joseph , Van Herk Marcel , Hoskin Peter J , Choudhury Ananya 
Published: October 2019

SummaryMagnetic resonance‐guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) is a promising approach to improving clinical outcomes for patients treated with radiation therapy. The roles of image guidance, adaptive planning and magnetic resonance imaging in radiation therapy have been increasing over the last two decades. Technical advances have led to the feasible combination of magnetic resonance imaging and radiation therapy technologies, leading to improved soft‐tissue visualisation, assessment of inter‐ and intrafraction motion, motion management, online adaptive radiation therapy and the incorporation of functional information into treatment. MRgRT can potentially transform radiation oncology by improving tumour control and quality of life after radiation therapy and increasing convenience of treatment by shortening treatment courses for patients. Multiple groups have developed clinical implementations of MRgRT predominantly in the abdomen and pelvis, with patients having been treated since 2014. While studies of MRgRT have primarily been dosimetric so far, an increasing number of trials are underway examining the potential clinical benefits of MRgRT, with coordinated efforts to rigorously evaluate the benefits of the promising technology. This review discusses the current implementations, studies, potential benefits and challenges of MRgRT.
Special issue: Australian Accounting Standards Board Research Forum
Authors: Peach Kris , Garg Mukesh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) engages with academics and encourages them to make practical recommendations for the standard‐setter across three sectors: for‐profit, public and other not‐for‐profit sectors. In doing so, the AASB organised Research Forums in 2016 and 2017 that were of great value to researchers, practitioners and the standard‐setters. Four papers from the Forums in 2016 and 2017 were submitted and accepted for publication in this special issue. This paper provides an overview of the Forum, discusses the impact of conducting research and how the findings of the researchers informed the AASB’s standard‐setting process.
Is there an association between cardiorespiratory fitness and stage of illness in psychotic disorders? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Heggelund J. , Vancampfort D. , Tacchi M. J. , Morken G. , Scott J. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundClinical staging models describe where an individual exists on a continuum from asymptomatic at‐risk states (Stage 0) through to established late‐stage disease (Stage 4). We applied this framework to systematically assess evidence for any associations between objectively assessed cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and stage of psychosis.MethodNine electronic databases were searched for relevant publications from inception until October 31, 2019. Pooled effect sizes (Hedges’ g and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)) were estimated for differences in CRF for studies that reported mean oxygen uptake (max, peak, or predicted VO2 in ml/kg/min).ResultsThirty‐eight studies were eligible. Findings indicated that suboptimal CRF can be present at Stages 0 and 1. Meta‐analyses of 22 studies demonstrated that CRF was significantly reduced in individuals classified between Stages 1 and 4 compared with matched or general population controls (g = −0.93; 95% CI −1.14, −0.71). Mean VO2 was decreased by 28% in Stage 4 compared with Stage 1 (34.1 vs. 24.66 ml/kg/min); the largest effect size for CRF reduction was reported between Stages 2 and 3 (g = −1.16; 95% CI −1.31, −1.03).ConclusionsAlthough not identifying direct causal links between clinical stage and CRF, using this framework may enhance understanding of co‐associations between mental and physical health markers across the entire spectrum of psychosis. Limitations include lack of research on CRF in Stages 0 and 1 alongside problems determining stage in some studies. However, impaired CRF is reported in emerging psychosis, supporting calls that early intervention programmes should address both mental and physical wellbeing.
Fast‐track ambulatory abscess pathway: an Australian streamlined emergency surgery pathway
Authors: Gaszynski Rafael , Gray Andrew , Chan Daniel Leonard , Merrett Neil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSuperficial skin abscesses account for a significant burden of emergency surgical admissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an ambulatory care pathway for emergently treating abscesses of the body requiring operative drainage.MethodA retrospective study of a prospective patient database was performed, using randomized patient selection. Patient demographics, length and cost of stay were compared between patients undergoing operative management for skin abscess before and after the implementation of the fast‐track ambulatory abscess pathway (FAAP).ResultsIn total, 100 patients were analysed with 50 in the pre‐ambulatory care pathway group and 50 in the FAAP group. The pre‐ambulatory care pathway group had a mean age of 37.7 ± 15.8 years versus FAAP group of 35.3 ± 14.5 years. Total length of stay for the group was 85 versus 17 days with a mean comparison of 1.7 days versus 0.34 days (P < 0.001). This translated into a total cost saving of $74 100 in the FAAP group, with a mean comparison cost between the groups of $2884 versus $1402 (P < 0.001). Both reductions in length of stay and cost of stay were statistically significant after implementation of the pathway.ConclusionThis is the first Australian study to report the findings from an ambulatory care pathway for an emergency surgical intervention. We have shown that skin abscesses presenting through emergency can be managed as a day‐case procedure, thereby decreasing these patients' overall length and cost of stay.
Psychological distress among Cambodian people who use drugs
Authors: Sopheab Heng , Suy Sovanthida , Chhea Chhorvann , Chhit Sophal , Mun Phalkun , Bui Thanh C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPeople who use drugs (PWUD) face several mental health problems. This report aims to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with psychological distress among Cambodian PWUD.Design and MethodsData used in our analysis were from the national survey of 1626 PWUD recruited through respondent‐driven sampling method in Cambodia in 2012 to 2013. Distress was measured through self‐report by using the 10‐item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). All analyses were weighted.ResultsApproximately half of PWUD had mild to severe psychological distress in the past four weeks (K10 ≥ 20). In the adjusted analysis, being female (odds ratio 1.60; 95% confidence interval 1.22, 2.12) and having experienced living in rehabilitation centres (odds ratio 2.46; 95% confidence interval 1.56, 3.87) were associated with a higher risk of having moderate or severe psychological distress (K10 ≥ 25).Discussion and ConclusionsPsychological distress was prevalent among Cambodian PWUD. PWUD who were female or experienced living in rehabilitation centres were more likely to report distress. Policy makers should consider shifting further from compulsory institutionalised treatment model to community‐based treatment program. Mental health assessment and mental health care services should be included in drug treatment programs and should be gender‐sensitive. Further research investigating other mental disorders among PWUD are also needed.
Similar glycaemic control and less hypoglycaemia during active titration after insulin initiation with glargine 300 units/mL and degludec 100 units/mL: A subanalysis of the BRIGHT study
Authors: Cheng Alice , Harris Stewart , Giorgino Francesco , Seufert Jochen , Ritzel Robert , Khunti Kamlesh , Lauand Felipe , Melas‐Melt Lydie , Westerbacka Jukka , Bosnyak Zsolt , Rosenstock Julio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo further investigate glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia in BRIGHT, focusing on the titration period.Materials and MethodsBRIGHT was a multicentre, open‐label, randomized, active‐controlled, two‐arm, parallel‐group, 24‐week study in insulin‐naïve patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes initiated on glargine 300 U/mL (Gla‐300) (N = 466) or degludec (IDeg‐100) (N = 463). Predefined efficacy and safety outcomes were investigated during the initial 12‐week titration period. In addition, patients’ characteristics and clinical outcomes were assessed descriptively, stratified by confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L) hypoglycaemia incidence during the initial titration period.ResultsAt week 12, HbA1c was comparable between Gla‐300 (7.32%) and IDeg‐100 (7.23%), with similar least squares (LS) mean reductions from baseline (−1.37% and − 1.39%, respectively; LS mean difference of 0.02; 95% confidence interval: −0.08 to 0.12). Patients who experienced hypoglycaemia during the initial titration period had numerically greater HbA1c reductions by week 12 than patients who did not (−1.46% vs. −1.28%), and higher incidence of anytime (24 hours; 73.3% vs. 35.7%) and nocturnal (00:00–06:00 hours; 30.0% vs. 11.9%) hypoglycaemia between weeks 13–24.ConclusionsThe use of Gla‐300 resulted in similar glycaemic control as IDeg‐100 during the initial 12‐week titration period of the BRIGHT study, when less anytime (24 hours) hypoglycaemia with Gla‐300 versus IDeg‐100 has been reported. Experiencing hypoglycaemia shortly after initiating Gla‐300 or IDeg‐100 may be associated with hypoglycaemia incidence in the longer term, potentially impacting glycaemic management.
Assessing patient PREFERence between the dulaglutide pen and the semaglutide pen: A crossover study (PREFER)
Authors: Matza Louis S. , Boye Kristina S. , Stewart Katie D. , Coyne Karin S. , Wullenweber Paula K. , Cutts Katelyn N. , Jordan Jessica B. , Wang Qianqian , Yu Maria , Currie Brooke M. , Malley Karen G. , Ishak K. Jack , Hietpas Ryan T. , García‐Pérez Luis‐Emilio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimWhen selecting treatments for type 2 diabetes (T2D), it is important to consider not only efficacy and safety, but also other treatment attributes that have an impact on patient preference. The objective of this study was to examine preference between injection devices used for two weekly GLP‐1 receptor agonists.Materials and MethodsThe PREFER study was an open‐label, multicentre, randomized, crossover study assessing patient preference for dulaglutide and semaglutide injection devices among injection‐naïve patients receiving oral medication for type 2 diabetes. After being trained to use each device, participants performed all steps of injection preparation and administered mock injections into an injection pad. Time‐to‐train (TTT) for each device was assessed in a subset.ResultsThere were 310 evaluable participants (48.4% female; mean age, 60.0 years; 78 participants in the TTT subgroup). More participants preferred the dulaglutide device than the semaglutide device (84.2% vs. 12.3%; P < 0.0001). More participants perceived the dulaglutide device to have greater ease of use (86.8% vs. 6.8%; P < 0.0001). After preparing and using the devices, more participants were willing to use the dulaglutide device (93.5%) than the semaglutide device (45.8%). Training participants to use the dulaglutide device required less time than the semaglutide device (3.38 vs. 8.14 minutes; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsParticipants with type 2 diabetes preferred the dulaglutide injection device to the semaglutide injection device. If patients prefer a device, they may be more willing to use the medication, which could result in better health outcomes. Furthermore, a shorter training time for injection devices may be helpful in busy clinical practice settings.
Water and heat availability are drivers of the aboveground plant carbon accumulation rate in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Jian , Zhou Tian‐Cai , Liu Miao , Chen You‐Chao , Liu Guo‐Hua , Xu Ming , Shi Pei‐Li , Peng Fei , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Liu Yu , Wang Xiao‐Dan , Dong Shi‐Kui , Zhang Yang‐Jian , Li Ying‐Nian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimClimate change is expected to have important effects on plant phenology and carbon storage, with further shifts predicted in the future. Therefore, we proposed the community carbon accumulation rate (CAR) from the start of the growing season (SOS) to the peak of the growing season (POS) to fill the gap that the dynamic interactions between plant phenology and plant carbon research.LocationTibetan Plateau.Major taxaAlpine grassland plants.Time period2015.MethodsWe conducted a transect survey across grasslands to measure community aboveground net primary production and carbon concentration. Additionally, phenology indicator data (SOS and POS) were extracted from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index version 3 database. Next, we used ‘changepoint’ analysis to detect the patterns of CARs, and performed linear regression and one‐way ANOVA to explore the variability of CARs in response to the environmental factors. Ultimately, the total effects of environmental factors on CARs were illustrated by a structural equation model.ResultsOur results indicated that three CAR patterns were detected, which are low‐CAR (0.15 g/m2/day), medium‐CAR (0.31 g/m2/day) and high‐CAR (0.84 g/m2/day) patterns. We found that the availabilities of water and heat mediated CARs by regulating soil nutrition variability, and that drought climate and insufficient soil resources co‐constrained the community CAR at long time‐scales. In contrast, high CAR could be explained by more water and heat availability via either direct or indirect effects on soil moisture and soil nutrients.Main conclusionsOur findings highlight that water and heat availability are critical driving factors in ecological carbon accumulation processes undergoing climate change. Meanwhile, the vegetative phenology also has important effect on carbon accumulation. Consequently, we propose incorporating the dynamic interactions between plant phenology and plant carbon into the ecological carbon cycle model to improve our understanding of resource utilization and survival strategies of plants under environmental change.
The enzyme‐oriented regulation of theaflavin‐3, 3′‐digallate synthesis and the accurate determination of its yield
Authors: Ding Yangping , Chen Bingcan , Suo Huayi , Tong Huarong 
Published: October 2019

SummaryTheaflavin‐3,3′‐digallate (TFDG) is the main product formed by oxidative condensation between (−)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) and (−)‐Epicatechin‐3‐gallate (ECG). Some sub‐products, such as homo‐ and hetero‐oligomers of EGCG and ECG, are also produced simultaneously, which significantly decreases the yield of TFDG. In general, the optimum temperature for TFDG synthesis is 20 °C below which can reduce its generation resulting in the coexistence of a large amount of unreacted substrates (ECG and EGCG). Therefore, a higher possibility of increasing the formation of TFDG could be achieved if a suitable synthetic method can be developed at a low temperature. Our results showed that simultaneous dropwise addition of both EGCG and ECG could markedly enhance the content of TFDG at ice bath. Using such technique, the production of TFDG increased by 47.60% as compared to the group synthesised under the optimum temperature. The absorbance of TFDG at 278 nm is 2.36 times higher than that of ECG with equimolar concentration. Therefore, a rapid, simple and accurate calculation method of TFDG yield was developed via the spectral correlation. Based on the counting method, the yield of TFDG was 30.58% by using the novel synthetic method of TFDG.
Immunotoxicity from checkpoint inhibitor therapy: clinical features and underlying mechanisms
Authors: Fessas Petros , Possamai Lucia A. , Clark James , Daniels Ella , Gudd Cathrin , Mullish Benjamin H. , Alexander James L. , Pinato David J. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryImmune checkpoint inhibition with monoclonal antibodies is becoming increasingly commonplace in cancer medicine, having contributed to a widening of therapeutic options across oncological indications. Disruption of immune tolerance is the key mechanism of action of checkpoint inhibitors and although immune‐related adverse events are a typical class effect of these compounds, the relationship between toxicity and response is not fully understood. Awareness and vigilance are paramount in recognizing potentially life‐threatening toxicities and managing them in a timely manner. In this review article, we provide an overview of the clinical features, pathological findings and management principles of common immune‐related toxicities, attempting to provide mechanistic insight into an increasingly common complication of cancer therapy.