bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immature HIV-1 assembles from Gag dimers leaving partial hexamers at lattice edges as substrates for proteolytic maturation
Authors: Tan Aaron , Pak Alexander J. , Morado Dustin R. , Voth Gregory A. , Briggs John A. G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe CA (capsid) domain of immature HIV-1 Gag and the adjacent spacer peptide 1 (SP1) play a key role in viral assembly by forming a lattice of CA hexamers, which adapts to viral envelope curvature by incorporating small lattice defects and a large gap at the site of budding. This lattice is stabilized by intra- and inter-hexameric CA-CA interactions, which are important in regulating viral assembly and maturation. We applied subtomogram averaging and classification to determine the structure of CA at lattice edges and found that they form partial hexamers. These structures reveal the network of interactions formed by CA-SP1at the lattice edge. We also performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of CA-CA interactions stabilizing the immature lattice and of partial CA-SP1 helical bundles. Free energy calculations reveal increased propensity for helix-to-coil transitions in partial hexamers compared to complete six-helix bundles. Taken together, these results suggest that the CA dimer is the basic unit of lattice assembly, that partial hexamers exist at lattice edges, that these are in a helix-coil dynamic equilibrium and that partial helical bundles are more likely to unfold, representing potential sites for HIV-1 maturation initiation.Significance StatementHIV-1 particle assembly is driven by the viral Gag protein, which oligomerizes into an hexameric array on the inner surface of the viral envelope, forming a truncated spherical lattice containing large and small gaps. Gag is then cut by the viral protease, disassembles and rearranges to form the mature, infectious virus. Here, we present structures and molecular dynamics simulations of the edges of the immature Gag lattice. Our analysis shows that Gag dimers are the basic assembly unit of the HIV-1 particle, that lattice edges are partial hexamers, and that partial hexamers are prone to structural changes allowing protease to cut Gag. These findings provide insights into assembly of the immature virus, its structure, and how it disassembles during maturation.
Review and assessment of factors affecting adaptive reuse of commercial projects in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hamida Mohammad B. , Hassanain Mohammad A. , Al-Hammad Abdul-Mohsen 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis paper intends to review and assess the factors influencing adaptive reuse of commercial projects, throughout their life cycle, in Saudi Arabia.Design/methodology/approachA mixed approach of literature review, pilot-testing and questionnaire survey was utilized to identify and assess the factors affecting adaptive reuse of commercial projects. Thirty-eight factors were identified and categorized under four groups, corresponding to the key phases of the project life cycle. The questionnaire survey was administered to a targeted group of 90 architecture/engineering, construction and facilities management (AEC/FM) practitioners of building adaptive reuse, in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The relative importance index (RII) for each factor was calculated. Three levels of agreement, based on the ranking of the factors, among the respondents were determined.FindingsThe most important factors affecting adaptive reuse of commercial projects are: structural integrity of the building, municipal approval for the land use change, enforcement of safety procedures at the project site, compliance with health and safety measures and accuracy and completeness of the contract documents. A high level of agreement was observed among the three groups of respondents, on the ranking of the factors.Originality/valueThis research expands the body of knowledge, through providing AEC/FM practitioners, with the type, importance and ranking of the influential factors on adaptive reuse of commercial projects, throughout their life cycle.
COVID-19 – what do we know and how are we dealing with it? A quick online cross-sectional study in India
Authors: Verma Ashwani , Gunjawate Dhanshree R , Bhushan Kumar Sanny , Bharath CNV Sai , Ravi Rohit 
Published: October 2020

PurposeCoronavirus disease 2019 is a global public health emergency affecting almost the entire world. The exponential spread of the infection has become a matter of concern. The study aims to determine how well people in India know about COVID-19 outbreak and actions taken to cope up during lockdown.Design/methodology/approachA total of 5,000 randomly selected participants were sent the survey link, of which 1,526 responded (response rate of 30.5%). The survey was conducted from March 28 till March 31, 2020. The 20-item questionnaire aimed to determine how well people know about COVID-19 outbreak as well as actions taken to cope up during the lockdown. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings.FindingsParticipants exhibited good knowledge about the primary and secondary symptoms of COVID-19 and infection spread. Over 95% participants knew preventive measures such as use of masks, sanitizers and hand wash. And, 80% of the participants felt that steps taken by the government are effective, while 93% opined that lockdown would be effective. There was apprehension regarding the infection spread, its containment and age group affected. Over 60% referred the World Health Organization website as their source of information. During the lockdown, participants engaged in home-based exercise (39%) and yoga (28%) for fitness while used social media (64%) and television (63%) for entertainment.Originality/valueAlthough participants exhibited good knowledge related to symptoms and preventive measure related to COVID-19, the beliefs related to infection spread and containment need to be addressed. These should be targeted through health promotional campaigns focusing on mental health and home-based physical activities.
Trade credit and firm profitability: moderation analysis of intercompany financing in Italy
Authors: Bussoli Candida , Conte Danilo 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to verify whether the benefits gained by granting extended payment terms can lead to higher profitability for Italian companies. Moreover, the analysis aims to investigate whether trade credit offered at a higher level than the sector average can contribute to the profitability of companies. Finally, it aims to test whether the profitability connected to granting trade credit is higher for the unconstrained and financially sound companies.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analyses are conducted on a sample of Italian firms, over the period 2008–2016. The methodologies used to test research hypotheses are panel analysis with fixed effects and random effects models, as well as the generalized method of moment (GMM).FindingsThe results show the contribution of trade credit to the profitability of Italian companies. The empirical analysis also suggests that companies might improve their profitability by increasing investments in trade receivables to a greater extent than companies in their business sector. Finally, the greater use of payables to suppliers and the higher incidence of bank debt reduce the contribution of accounts receivable to the profitability of companies.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature as very few studies have analyzed whether trade credit offered at a higher level than the sector average may contribute to the profitability of companies. Moreover, the study provides new evidence on the moderation effect of payables to banks and suppliers on the contribution of granting trade credit to company performance.
Moving toward democratic-transformational leadership in academic libraries
Authors: Wilson Daniel Earl 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore academic library leadership behaviors and the methods for integrating the democratic and transformational leadership styles.Design/methodology/approachEleven structured interviews were conducted with academic deans and directors. A thematic content analysis was conducted on their responses, analyzing the frequency of certain topics and identifying emergent themes. These themes were then used to construct a democratic communication model.FindingsThe interview responses were grouped into five general leadership themes: participation in decision-making, relationship building, frequent and honest communication, equality and knowing the environment.Research limitations/implicationsThe structured interview format did not permit for unplanned follow-up questions, and some topics may not have come up in every interview unless specifically asked by an interview question. Due to the qualitative nature of this study, the perspectives of the participants may not be generalizable to the larger population.Practical implicationsThis study identifies core themes of leadership practice that extend beyond the focus of transformational leadership alone. It suggests a democratic communication model to assist in integrating democratic leadership methods with transformational practices and goals.Social implicationsThis study suggests a greater emphasis on the communication and engagement practices of democratic leadership. In doing so, it suggests that the American Library Association's emphasis on transformational leadership alone should be reconsidered and that library science schools should increase focus on democratic leadership practices.Originality/valueMost library leadership style studies emphasize transformational leadership. While there are some studies that explore elements of democratic leadership such as engagement and a flattening of organizational hierarchy, there is limited research on the integration of democratic and transformational leadership practices.
American hybrid: Donald Trump and the strange merger of populism and plutocracy
Authors: Pierson Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAny effort to situate Trump’s ascendance in the broader currents of cross‐national developments, or in the longer course of American political development, must begin by recognizing it as a curious hybrid of populism and plutocracy. Although American right‐wing populism has real social roots, it has long been nurtured by powerful elites seeking to undercut support for modern structures of economic regulation and the welfare state. American political institutions offered a distinctive opportunity for a populist figure to draw on this fury to first capture the nomination of the GOP, and from that position to ascend to the White House. Yet the administration’s substantive agenda constitutes a full‐throated endorsement of the GOP economic elite’s long‐standing demands for cuts in social spending, tax reductions for the wealthy, and the gutting of consumer, worker and environmental protections. The chasm between Trump’s rhetoric and his actions justifies a more skeptical assessment of the breadth and depth of American populism, one that acknowledges how its contours are shaped by the nation's unusual political institutions, its intensifying political polarization and the out‐sized influence of the wealthy.
Giant African snail genomes provide insights into molluscan whole‐genome duplication and aquatic–terrestrial transition
Authors: Liu Conghui , Ren Yuwei , Li Zaiyuan , Hu Qi , Yin Lijuan , Wang Hengchao , Qiao Xi , Zhang Yan , Xing Longsheng , Xi Yu , Jiang Fan , Wang Sen , Huang Cong , Liu Bo , Liu Hangwei , Wan Fanghao , Qian Wanqiang , Fan Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhole‐genome duplication (WGD), contributing to evolutionary diversity and environmental adaptability, has been observed across a wide variety of eukaryotic groups, but not in molluscs. Molluscs are the second largest animal phylum in terms of species numbers, and among the organisms that have successfully adapted to the nonmarine realm through aquatic–terrestrial (A‐T) transition. We assembled a chromosome‐level reference genome for Achatina immaculata, a globally invasive species, and compared the genomes of two giant African snails (A. immaculata and Achatina fulica) to other available mollusc genomes. Macrosynteny, colinearity blocks, Ks peak and Hox gene clusters collectively suggested a WGD event in the two snails. The estimated WGD timing (~70 million years ago) was close to the speciation age of the Sigmurethra–Orthurethra (within Stylommatophora) lineage and the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K‐T) mass extinction, indicating that the WGD may have been a common event shared by all Sigmurethra–Orthurethra species and conferred ecological adaptability allowing survival after the K‐T extinction event. Furthermore, the adaptive mechanism of WGD in terrestrial ecosystems was confirmed by the presence of gene families related to the respiration, aestivation and immune defence. Several mucus‐related gene families expanded early in the Stylommatophora lineage, and the haemocyanin and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase families doubled during WGD, and zinc metalloproteinase genes were highly tandemly duplicated after WGD. This evidence suggests that although WGD may not have been the direct driver of the A‐T transition, it played an important part in the terrestrial adaptation of giant African snails.
Hsa_circRNA_0000518 facilitates breast cancer development via regulation of the miR‐326/FGFR1 axis
Authors: Jiang Jing , Lin Hui , Shi Shenghong , Hong Ying , Bai Xianan , Cao Xuchen 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous malignant tumor that threatens the health of women worldwide. Hsa_circRNA_0000518 (circ_0000518) has been revealed to be upregulated in BC tissues. However, the role and mechanism of circ_0000518 in BC are indistinct.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was implemented to detect the levels of circ_0000518, microRNA (miR)‐326, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) mRNA in BC tissues and cells. Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were executed to estimate BC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. The relationship between circ_0000518 or FGFR1 and miR‐326 was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter and/or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The role of circ_0000518 in vivo was confirmed by xenograft assay.ResultsCirc_0000518 and FGFR1 were upregulated while miR‐326 was downregulated in BC tissues and cells. Circ_0000518 silencing impeded tumor growth in vivo and induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, cured proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of BC cells in vitro. Circ_0000518 regulated FGFR1 expression via competitively binding to miR‐326 in BC cells. MiR‐326 inhibitor reversed the inhibitory influence of circ_0000518 knockdown on the malignant behaviors of BC cells. FGFR1 overexpression abolished miR‐326 mimic‐mediated influence on the malignant behaviors of BC cells.ConclusionsCirc_0000518 facilitated BC development via regulation of the miR‐326/FGFR1 axis, suggesting that circ_0000518 might be a promising target for BC treatment.
Latent alcohol use patterns and their link to depressive symptomatology in medical care patients
Authors: Guertler Diana , Moehring Anne , Krause Kristian , Tomczyk Samuel , Freyer‐Adam Jennis , Baumann Sophie , Bischof Gallus , Rumpf Hans‐Juergen , Batra Anil , Wurm Susanne , John Ulrich , Meyer Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate latent patterns of alcohol use and bingeing by gender and their association with depressive symptom severity and individual depressive symptoms.DesignCross‐sectional data were collected from January 2017 to March 2018 as part of a joint screening recruiting for different intervention studies.SettingAmbulatory practices and general hospitals from three sites in Germany.ParticipantsA total of 5208 male and 5469 female proactively recruited alcohol users aged 18–64 years.MeasurementsFrequency and typical quantity of alcohol use, frequency of bingeing, alcohol‐related problems (assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test); depressive symptom severity, individual depressive symptoms (assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire‐8); and socio‐demographics and health‐related variables.FindingsLatent categorical analysis identified six patterns of alcohol use, with the majority of patients engaging in ‘light use plus no or occasional bingeing’ (males: 41.85%; females: 64.04%), followed by ‘regular use plus occasional bingeing’ (males: 34.03%; females: 16.17%). Multinomial logistic regression analyses (three‐step approach with correction for classification uncertainty, as implemented in the Mplus R3STEP command) controlling for socio‐demographics and health‐related variables revealed that severity of depressive symptoms was positively associated with ‘frequent use plus frequent bingeing’ when compared with ‘light use plus no or occasional bingeing’ [relative risk ratio (RRR)male = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.11; RRRfemale = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.04–1.14]. Severity of depressive symptoms was negatively associated with ‘regular use plus occasional bingeing’ for males (RRRmale = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.95–1.00) and positively with ‘occasional use plus occasional bingeing’ for females (RRRfemale = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.05) when compared with ‘light use plus no or occasional bingeing’. Individual depressive symptoms were differentially associated with alcohol use patterns, with depressed mood, poor appetite or overeating, feelings of worthlessness or guilt and psychomotor agitation or retardation, being especially pronounced in the ‘frequent use plus frequent bingeing’ class (RRRsmale = 1.72–2.36; RRRsfemale = 1.99–2.17).ConclusionsPatterns of ‘frequent alcohol use plus frequent bingeing’ and ‘occasional alcohol use plus occasional bingeing’ appear to have positive associations with depression when compared with ‘light alcohol use plus no or occasional bingeing’.
Breast cancer screening in women at high risk of hereditary breast cancer: an Australian experience
Authors: Bennett Ian , Tourani Saam , Cockburn Linda , Reasbeck Jane , Grobbelaar Neels , Dann Sonia , Patrikios Penny , Brazier Jane 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile population‐based breast screening is a well‐documented health strategy worldwide, very few centres offer breast‐screening programmes specifically targeted at women at high risk of hereditary breast cancer. We present our experience with multimodality breast screening in a high‐risk population.MethodsThe outcomes from a familial breast cancer clinic at the North Brisbane BreastScreen Queensland Service providing a multimodality screening programme for high‐risk women were reviewed from the prospectively maintained database between 2011 and 2018.ResultsOver the 8 years of study period, a total of 6686 annual screening rounds were performed for 823 asymptomatic women at high risk of hereditary breast cancer. As a result, 40 cancers were diagnosed including 25 invasive ductal cancers, three invasive lobular cancers, two invasive cancers with mixed ductal and lobular features and 10 ductal carcinomas in situ. Ultrasound and mammography detected 72.5% (29/40) and 55% (22/40) of the cancers, respectively. A total of 3672 magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed. Ten (25%) cancers were initially only seen on magnetic resonance imaging including seven invasive ductal cancers, one invasive lobular cancer and two high‐grade ductal carcinomas in situ. The cancer detection rate for first‐round screening was 13.3 cancers per 1000 women screened, with 4.9 cancers per 1000 women detected on subsequent‐round screening. One interval cancer occurred in the study period.ConclusionMultimodality breast screening of younger women at high risk of hereditary breast cancer is effective with the yield substantially exceeding the results from established breast screening programmes in older women. Co‐location of this service within BreastScreen Australia efficiently shares resources.
Ex vivo evaluation of the biventricular cardiac function for donation after circulatory death model: An experimental study
Authors: Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Kotani Yasuhiro , Sakoda Naoya , Kadowaki Sachiko , Kasahara Shingo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFew reports on a biventricular working heart model with ex vivo perfusion exist owing to the complexity of establishing a circuit. Hence, we investigated it for donation after circulatory death. The heart in six juvenile pigs (~20 kg) was arrested by asphyxiation. After 30 minutes of global ischemia, the heart was harvested, reperfused with normoxemic blood cardioplegia for 20 minutes, and subsequently perfused with hyperxemic blood. After 70 minutes of controlled reperfusion, the system was switched to the biventricular working mode. Cardiac function was assessed before anoxia and during the biventricular mode. Left and right ventricular functions worsened during the biventricular mode, as compared to those before anoxia (dP/dtmax, 673 ± 120 vs. 283 ± 95 and 251 ± 35 vs. 141 ± 21 mm Hg/s, respectively; P < .001). Systemic (resistance/100 g net heart weight) and pulmonary vascular resistance indexes during the biventricular mode were similar to those before anoxia (829 ± 262 vs. 759 ± 359, P = .707, and 167 ± 57 vs. 158 ± 83 dynes·sec·cm–5 ‐ l‐100‐g net heart weight, P = .859, respectively). The biventricular working heart model with ex vivo perfusion was feasible, exhibited stable hemodynamics, and has the potential to be a powerful tool for direct cardiac function assessment.
Modeling the transfer of low molecular weight plasma proteins during hemodialysis and online hemodiafiltration
Authors: Glancey Gerald 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReplacing the renal excretion of low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) by extracorporeal dialysis (dialysis) treatment poses technological challenges. Hemodialyzers with sieving coefficients for LMWP that match or even exceed those of the glomerular membrane barrier are commercially available; however, the associated losses of albumin are much higher than physiological levels of renal albumin excretion. A unidimensional, convection‐diffusion model of solute transfer has been developed to analyze and quantitate LMWP extraction and albumin loss during dialysis treatment. The model is applicable to any extracorporeal dialysis technique and any type of hemodialyzer. Clinical extraction data for beta 2 microglobin (β2M, 11.6 kDa), myoglobin (16.7 kDa) and interleukin 6 (IL6, 21‐30 kDa) from 15 patients on hemodiafiltration (HDF) using a Nipro Elisio H series high flux hemodialyzer were analyzed using the model and values for the convection and mass transfer coefficients were derived. The model predicts that under normal clinical operating conditions, given equal amounts of β2M removal, albumin losses are higher using pre‐dilution rather than post‐dilution HDF. The model can be used to provide estimates of the internal filtration rates of hemodialyzers operating in vivo.