bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring phenotypic causal structure among farrowing and weaning traits in pigs
Authors: Okamura Toshihiro , Ishii Kazuo , Nishio Motohide , Rosa Guilherme J. M. , Satoh Masahiro , Sasaki Osamu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDirect selection for litter size or weight at weaning in pigs is often hindered by external interventions such as cross‐fostering. The objective of this study was to infer the causal structure among phenotypes of reproductive traits in pigs to enable subsequent direct selection for these traits. Examined traits included: number born alive (NBA), litter size on day 21 (LS21), and litter weight on day 21 (LW21). The study included 6,240 litters from 1,673 Landrace dams and 5,393 litters from 1,484 Large White dams. The inductive causation (IC) algorithm was used to infer the causal structure, which was then fitted to a structural equation model (SEM) to estimate causal coefficients and genetic parameters. Based on the IC algorithm and temporal and biological information, the causal structure among traits was identified as: NBA → LS21 → LW21 and NBA → LW21. Owing to the causal effect of NBA on LS21 and LW21, the genetic, permanent environmental, and residual variances of LS21 and LW21were much lower in the SEM than in the multiple‐trait model for both breeds. Given the strong effect of NBA on LS21 and LW21, the SEM and causal information might assist with selective breeding for LS21 and LW21 when cross‐fostering occurs.
Type 2 deiodinase Thr92Ala polymorphism is associated with a reduction in bone mineral density: A community‐based korean genome and epidemiology study
Authors: Kang Yea Eun , Kang Young Mi , Park Boyoung , Shong Minho , Yi Hyon‐Seung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveType 2 deiodinase (DIO2)‐mediated thyroid hormone synthesis stimulates osteoblast activity and increases the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers, but there are no large cohort studies to identify the role of the DIO2 polymorphism in bone mineral density in humans.MethodsTo investigate the hypothesis that individuals with theDIO2gene polymorphism are susceptible to osteoporosis, we assessed the polymorphism of theDIO2gene in 7,524 Koreans drawn from the large‐scale Ansan‐Anseong cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. All of the participants underwent genotyping of theDIO2Thr92Ala polymorphism (rs225014).ResultsA total of 6,022 participants were recruited; 1991 (33.0%) were homozygous for the Thr allele, 2,967 (49.3%) were heterozygous (Thr/Ala), and 1064 (17.7%) were homozygous for the Ala allele. The effects of theDIO2Thr92Ala polymorphism on axial speed of sound (SOS) and the T‐score in the tibia and radius were assessed, with age, gender, oestrogen status, body mass index (BMI), serum calcium, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) included as covariables. Female subjects carrying theDIO2Thr92Ala polymorphism had significantly lower SOS and T‐scores than control participants. Cox regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between theDIO2polymorphism and diagnosis of osteoporosis in female participants.ConclusionDIO2Thr92Ala polymorphism is associated with decreased SOS and T‐scores in the tibia of female subjects independent of other clinical parameters, where this indicates a potential functional role of DIO2 in the maintenance of bone mineral density.
Creating a better kinship environment for children in Ghana: Lessons from young people with informal kinship care experience
Authors: Abdullah Alhassan , Cudjoe Ebenezer , Manful Esmeranda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTraditionally, the involvement of the extended family in nurturing children is seen as an essential cultural practice in most communities in Ghana. Though not formally regulated, often in the absence of birth parents, kin and kith continue to be involved in the care of children to promote family relations and culture. Yet there is little empirical evidence on how to improve the well‐being and safety of children in informal kinship care in Ghana. Thus, this study reports findings from in‐depth interviews with 15 young people, 18 to 23 years, from Banda—an ethnic group where informal kinship care is an accepted cultural practice. Data from the interviews were subjected to the constructivist grounded theory analysis. Adequate income for provision of basic needs, education and training, and supervision emerged as useful measures to promote the safety and well‐being of children in kinship care. It was recommended that informal kinship caregivers must be registered with the Department of Social Welfare to enable them access support and training. Further, social workers should create awareness among kinship caregivers in Ghana about their availability to provide counselling services for caregivers facing challenges.
Enabling and disabling emotional diversity: Negotiating autism spectrum disorder in therapeutic encounters
Authors: Jaysane‐Darr Anna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAutistic youth are often understood as emotionally suspect in schools, workplaces and households, and autistic behaviour is strongly regulated. In contrast, neurodiversity advocates suggest that all sociality exists on a spectrum, and that autistic people represent the diversity of that spectrum. Situated within this debate, this paper examines the narratives of specialists who navigate pedagogies of emotional suspicion in their work with autistic youth. I draw on interviews with autism professionals in Massachusetts, USA to elucidate how they negotiate the tensions between regulating emotional behaviour and recognising emotional diversity as they mediate the construction of autistic youth as emotional suspects.
Impact of disease duration and β‐cell reserve on the efficacy of switching to iGlarLixi in adults with type 2 diabetes on glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist therapy: Exploratory analyses from the LixiLan‐G trial
Authors: Del Prato Stefano , Frias Juan Pablo , Blonde Lawrence , Aroda Vanita R. , Shehadeh Niam , Saremi Aramesh , Dex Terry , Niemoeller Elisabeth , Souhami Elisabeth , Liu Minzhi , Rosenstock Julio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of iGlarLixi by C‐peptide levels and duration of diabetes in an exploratory analysis of the LixiLan‐G study.MethodsLixiLan‐G was a 26‐week, randomized, open‐label study in adults with type diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled while on a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA), with metformin, with or without pioglitazone and/or a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor. This analysis investigated the efficacy of switching to iGlarLixi by fasting baseline quartile C‐peptide levels and baseline quartile of duration of T2D compared with continued GLP‐1 RA use.ResultsChange in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to week 26 was significantly greater with iGlarLixi compared with continued GLP‐1 RAs across all fasting C‐peptide quartiles (−1.00% to −1.06% vs. –0.23% to −0.54% range, respectively) and irrespective of all T2D duration quartiles (−0.94% to −1.07% vs. –0.25% to −0.50% range). A significantly greater proportion of participants in the iGlarLixi arm achieved an HbA1c of <7% across all C‐peptide quartiles (51%‐73% range) than in the GLP‐1 RA arm (19%‐32% range). The greatest reductions in HbA1c in participants receiving iGlarLixi were observed in those with the shortest duration of disease, although consistently greater than reductions observed with continued GLP‐1 RAs. Reductions in HbA1c were comparable across C‐peptide quartiles within the iGlarLixi arm.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that iGlarLixi is an effective treatment option, irrespective of C‐peptide levels or duration of diabetes, in adults with insufficiently controlled T2D receiving GLP‐1 RAs.
COVID‐19 infection and treatment with hydroxychloroquine cause severe haemolysis crisis in a patient with glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Beauverd Yan , Adam Yannick , Assouline Benjamin , Samii Kaveh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited genetic disorder caused by red cell enzymatic defects and is associated with haemolytic crisis when patients are exposed to oxidative agents (fava beans, drugs, infections). Hydroxychloroquine is suspected to trigger haemolytic crisis in G6PD‐deficient patients, and off‐label administration of this drug to patients infected with the novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) could cause concern. We report here the first case of severe haemolytic crisis in a patient with G6PD deficiency, initiated by severe COVID‐19 infection and hydroxychloroquine use. With worldwide spread of COVID‐19, especially in regions with a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency, our case should alert physicians to this possible correlation.
Korean Adoptees as Parents: Intergenerationality of Ethnic, Racial, and Adoption Socialization
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Kim JaeRan , Lee Heewon , Lee Richard M. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveUsing a socialization framework, this study aimed to understand the intergenerational patterns of ethnic, racial, and adoption socialization practices.BackgroundUnderstanding the impact of ethnicity, race, and adoption is a lifelong process for transracially, transnationally adopted individuals. Few studies, however, have explored how adult adoptees socialize their children on ethnicity, race, and adoption and to what extent this socialization is informed by their own transracial, transnational adoption experiences.MethodOn the basis of 51 interviews, we investigated adopted Korean Americans' reappraisal of their ethnic, racial, and adoption socialization experiences growing up transracially and transnationally, as well as their current ethnic, racial, and adoption socialization practices with their children.ResultsDespite the generally limited ethnic, racial, and adoption socialization from White adoptive parents, we found via thematic analysis that Korean adoptee parents used strategies such as reculturation with their children, birth family involvement, and emphasis in multiculturalism in response to the need for ethnic, racial, and adoption socialization in the next generation.ConclusionThese themes reflect the unique intergenerational transmission of ethnic heritage, racial experiences, and adoption history based on having grown up in transracial and transnational adoptive families.ImplicationsFindings can inform evidence‐based practice in working with adopted individuals and their families, particularly in addressing ethnic, racial, and adoption socialization practices.
Tolcapone, a potent aggregation inhibitor for the treatment of familial leptomeningeal amyloidosis
Authors: Pinheiro Francisca , Varejão Nathalia , Esperante Sebastian , Santos Jaime , Velázquez‐Campoy Adrián , Reverter David , Pallarès Irantzu , Ventura Salvador 
Published: April 2020

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is a disease characterized by the extracellular deposition of transthyretin (TTR) amyloid fibrils. Highly destabilizing TTR mutations cause leptomeningeal amyloidosis, a rare, but fatal, disorder in which TTR aggregates in the brain. The disease remains intractable, since liver transplantation, the reference therapy for systemic ATTR, does not stop mutant TTR production in the brain. In addition, despite current pharmacological strategies have shown to be effective against in vivo TTR aggregation by stabilizing the tetramer native structure and precluding its dissociation, they display low brain permeability. Recently, we have repurposed tolcapone as a molecule to treat systemic ATTR. Crystal structures and biophysical analysis converge to demonstrate that tolcapone binds with high affinity and specificity to three unstable leptomeningeal TTR variants, stabilizing them and, consequently, inhibiting their aggregation. Because tolcapone is an FDA‐approved drug that crosses the blood–brain barrier, our results suggest that it can translate into a first disease‐modifying therapy for leptomeningeal amyloidosis.DatabasesPDB codes for A25T‐TTR, V30G‐TTR, and Y114C‐TTR bound to tolcapone are 6TXV, 6TXW, and 6XTK, respectively.
The common marmoset as suitable nonhuman alternative for the analysis of primate cochlear development
Authors: Hosoya Makoto , Fujioka Masato , Murayama Ayako Y. , Okano Hideyuki , Ogawa Kaoru 
Published: April 2020

Cochlear development is a complex process with precise spatiotemporal patterns. A detailed understanding of this process is important for studies of congenital hearing loss and regenerative medicine. However, much of our understanding of cochlear development is based on rodent models. Animal models that bridge the gap between humans and rodents are needed. In this study, we investigated the development of hearing organs in a small New World monkey species, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). We describe the general stages of cochlear development in comparison with those of humans and mice. Moreover, we examined more than 25 proteins involved in cochlear development and found that expression patterns were generally conserved between rodents and primates. However, several proteins involved in supporting cell processes and neuronal development exhibited interspecific expression differences. Human fetal samples for studies of primate‐specific cochlear development are extremely rare, especially for late developmental stages. Our results support the use of the common marmoset as an effective alternative for analyses of primate cochlear development.
Cypriniform fish in running waters reduce hyporheic oxygen depletion in a eutrophic river
Authors: Hübner Dirk , Gerke Madlen , Fricke Roman , Schneider Jörg , Winkelmann Carola 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The hyporheic zone is an important habitat for benthic invertebrates and early‐developmental stages of gravel spawning fish. However, the eutrophication of running waters and, in turn, the excessive periphyton biomass leads to its biological clogging. The result of these processes is oxygen depletion and a reduction in the habitat quality of the hyporheic zone.

This study assessed whether top‐down effects of two important European river fish species, the large herbivorous cypriniform common nase (Chondrostoma nasus, L.) and the large omnivorous cypriniform European chub (Squalius cephalus, L.), can reduce eutrophication effects in the hyporheic zone. A 4‐week mesocosm‐based field experiment in a eutrophic river was conducted using cage enclosures stocked or not with either nase or chub.

The top‐down control of periphyton was expected to reduce biological clogging and thereby increase oxygen availability in the hyporheic zone. Accordingly, we hypothesised that in enclosures stocked with either fish the concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the hyporheic zone would be higher and the periphyton biomass would be lower than in enclosures without fish stocking.

Hyporheic oxygen concentrations were significantly higher in enclosures stocked with either nase or chub than in enclosures without fish stocking. However, periphyton ash‐free dry mass was significantly reduced only in enclosures stocked with nase, not in those stocked with chub. Thus, the positive effects of nase and chub on hyporheic oxygen availability were caused by different mechanisms.

Our results demonstrate that nase and chub can reduce eutrophication effects in the hyporheic zone of running waters. Hence, protecting and enhancing stocks of herbivorous and omnivorous fish will contribute to restoring the hyporheic zone in efforts to preserve biodiversity in eutrophic rivers.
Ecotype differences in aggression, neural activity and behaviorally relevant gene expression in cichlid fish
Authors: Baran Nicole M. , Streelman J. Todd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Lake Malawi, two ecologically distinct lineages of cichlid fishes (rock‐ vs sand‐dwelling ecotypes, each comprised of over 200 species) evolved within the last million years. The rock‐dwelling species (Mbuna) are aggressively territorial year‐round and males court and spawn with females over rocky substrate. In contrast, males of sand‐dwelling species are not territorial and instead aggregate on seasonal breeding leks in which males construct courtship “bowers” in the sand. However, little is known about how phenotypic variation in aggression is produced by the genome. In this study, we first quantify and compare behavior in seven cichlid species, demonstrating substantial ecotype and species differences in unconditioned mirror‐elicited aggression. Second, we compare neural activity in mirror‐elicited aggression in two representative species, Mchenga conophoros (sand‐dwelling) and Petrotilapia chitimba (rock‐dwelling). Finally, we compare gene expression patterns between these two species, specifically within neurons activated during mirror aggression. We identified a large number of genes showing differential expression in mirror‐elicited aggression, as well as many genes that differ between ecotypes. These genes, which may underly species differences in behavior, include several neuropeptides, genes involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones and neurotransmitter activity. This work lays the foundation for future experiments using this emerging genetic model system to investigate the genomic basis of evolved species differences in both brain and behavior.
Rebaling of silage and haylage and its effects on forage microbial and chemical composition—A pilot study
Authors: Müller Cecilia E. , Johansen Astrid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUse of big bale silage and haylage can be difficult on farms where daily forage consumption is comparatively low as speed of deterioration of forage after bale opening may be faster than feed‐out rate. Production of smaller bales at harvest is possible, but expensive and work‐intensive. Therefore, a pilot study of rebaling forage stored in big bales to smaller bales was conducted. Three separate experiments were included, where microbial and chemical composition of silage and haylage was studied before and after rebaling. In Experiment III, residual big bale forage stored and opened together with rebaled forage was included. Results showed that rebaled haylage and silage had higher yeast counts compared to initial forage; however, residual bales in Experiment III had yeast counts similar to rebaled forage, indicating an effect of storage time rather than of rebaling. In Experiment II, mould counts were higher in rebaled compared to initial silage, but not in haylage. Chemical composition was similar in initial and rebaled forage except for ammonia‐N. In Experiment III, ammonia‐N was higher in rebaled compared to initial and residual forage and was the only chemical variable affected by rebaling. Bale temperature during aerobic storage followed ambient temperature until day 6–8 in Experiment I and until day 14 in Experiment III where ambient temperature was lower. In conclusion, rebaling can be done without large changes in chemical composition of the forage, but yeast and mould counts may be higher in rebaled forage, and this risk should be considered when using this procedure.
Revolving doors in international financial governance
Authors: SEABROOKE LEONARD , TSINGOU ELENI 
Published: April 2020

Abstract‘Revolving doors’ is a well‐suspected phenomenon of skills and knowledge transfer between the private and public sectors. It is thought to be especially notable among elites in transnational policy networks, where mobility can accrue status. In this article, we investigate revolving doors in the area of international financial governance. We target policymakers linked to the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) and the International Monetary Fund's Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). We test for revolving doors by examining the career histories of those working with the BCBS on the development of the Basel II accord, and staff on policy teams for financial systems monitoring via FSAP missions. Using sequence analysis, we trace career histories between 1971 and 2011 to observe the extent of revolving doors. Revolving doors are observed in club‐like elite policy communities but are less prevalent in policy teams in intergovernmental organizations. We find that revolving doors are important in establishing intellectual capture in how an issue is treated within transnational policy networks.
FVIII/VWF complex displays a greater pro‐haemostatic activity than FVIII preparations devoid of VWF: Study in plasma and cell‐based models
Authors: Ammollo Concetta T. , Semeraro Fabrizio , Vitulli Antonia , Dirienzo Lavinia , Mezzasoma Anna M. , Semeraro Nicola , Gresele Paolo , Colucci Mario 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionPlasma‐derived FVIII/VWF complex was reported to be less sensitive to inhibitors than FVIII preparations devoid of VWF.AimTo compare the efficacy of FVIII/VWF complex (Fanhdi) and five different VWF‐free FVIII preparations in restoring thrombin generation and activation of thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) in haemophilic plasma, with and without inhibitor, and in cell‐based models.MethodsExperiments were performed in haemophilic plasma supplemented with inhibitory IgG or in plasma samples obtained from haemophilia A patients without (n = 11) and with inhibitor (n = 12). Thrombin generation was evaluated by calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) under standard conditions, in the presence of activated protein C (APC) or thrombomodulin (TM), and in cell‐based models including endothelial cells, either alone or in combination with platelets or tissue factor‐expressing blood mononuclear cells. The kinetics of TAFI activation was determined by a two‐stage functional assay in the absence and in the presence of APC.ResultsIn haemophilic plasma without inhibitor, Fanhdi enhanced thrombin generation and TAFI activation as well as recombinant (2nd‐4th generation) and plasma‐derived FVIII preparations devoid of VWF. On the contrary, in plasma with inhibitor, Fanhdi displayed a greater ability to restore thrombin generation and TAFI activation under all tested conditions. Notably, in cell‐based models including endothelial cells, Fanhdi proved more efficient than all other preparations in improving thrombin generation even in the absence of inhibitor.ConclusionThe greater pro‐haemostatic activity of FVIII/VWF complex, either in haemophilic plasma with inhibitor or in the presence of endothelial cells, may offer therapeutic advantages.
Children’s drawing as a measurement of dental anxiety in paediatric dentistry
Authors: Guner Onur Sirin , Tonguc Altin Kubra , Demetgul Yurtseven Bersu , Haznedaroglu Eda , Sandalli Nuket 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDrawings can be used as a method of communication that represents an individual's self‐concept, anxiety, attitude or conflict.AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate children's drawing as a measure of dental anxiety in a dental setting.DesignSeventy‐eight children, aged 6‐12 years, were enrolled in this study. Pulp therapy and/or restorative treatment was performed during the first therapeutic session for all participants. Sound, Eye and Motor (SEM) and Frankl scales were used as an objective assessment of behaviour during treatment. After the treatment session, the children were instructed to draw a picture of a person at a dental clinic. Children's drawings were scored by a paediatric dentist and a psychologist using Child Drawing: Hospital (CD: H) scale and emotional indicators of Human Figure Drawings (HFD). The findings were compared with Frankl and SEM scores.ResultsThere was a significant negative correlation between Frankl and CD: H scores (P = .017), and a significant negative correlation was found between HFD and Frankl scores (P = .048).ConclusionDrawings can reveal a considerable amount of information about children's emotional status, and children's drawing can be a useful non‐verbal self‐report measure to evaluate anxiety in a paediatric dental setting.