bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A helyi önkormányzatok törvényességi felügyeletének munkamódszerei és jó gyakorlatai
Authors: Pál Emese 
Published: August 2020

A jogállamiság és benne a közigazgatás törvényessége biztosításának fontos elemei a helyi önkormányzatok, valamint szerveik, működésük és döntéshozataluk feletti állami kontroll, amelyben kiemelt szerepe van a fővárosi és megyei kormányhivatalok (a továbbiakban: kormányhivatal) által lefolytatható felügyeleti eljárásnak. Az európai értelemben vett jogállam demokratikus helyi közigazgatása a törvényeknek alárendelt szabad önkormányzás révén valósul meg. A Magyarország helyi önkormányzatairól szóló 2011. évi CLXXXIX törvény (a továbbiakban: Mötv.) az Alaptörvényben foglaltakon túl rögzíti, hogy a „Kormány a helyi önkormányzatok törvényességi felügyeletéért felelős miniszter irányításával, a kormányhivatal útján biztosítja a helyi önkormányzatok törvényességi felügyeletét.” A törvényességi felügyeletet ellátó szerv a Kormány általános hatáskörű területi államigazgatási szervének a fővárosi, megyei Kormányhivatal Hatósági Főosztályának a Törvényességi Felügyeleti Osztálya. Sőt a törvény az értelmező rendelkezések között szintén deklarálja, hogy a kormányhivatalon az Mötv. értelmezésében a helyi önkormányzat törvényességi felügyeletét ellátó fővárosi vagy megyei kormányhivatal értendő. Jelen tanulmány a kormányhivatali beszámolókban szereplő módszerek és gyakorlatok feltárására vállalkozik.
Programming & Research
Authors: Botti-Salitsky Rose Mary 
Published: August 2020

Programming and Research: Skills and Techniques for Interior Designers provides a step-by-step approach to mastering the process of documenting client and user requirements for any design project. Replete with examples and analyses of student and professional work, this book guides its readers through the creation of their own program documents. Both the National Council for Interior Design Qualification (NCIDQ) and the Council for Interior Design Accreditation (CIDA) consider programming a required core of knowledge. Programming and Research focuses on how the study of programming for interior designers prepares students for and advances them into the professional realm.
This second edition is updated with the latest information interior designers must be equipped with, including new coverage on evidence-based design, integrated project delivery (IPD), building information modeling (BIM), design across disciplines, LEED programming, designing on a budget, and time management.
Antenatal care of mothers and morbidity and mortality disparities among preterm Saudi and non-Saudi infants less than or equal to 32 weeks' gestation
Authors: Al-Mouqdad Mountasser , Abdelrahim Adli , Alodhaidan Nabeel Abdullah , Sumaily Haider Hussein , Khalil Thanaa Mustafa , Asfour Yasmeen , Asfour Suzan Suhail 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Premature non-Saudi infants comprise a significant proportion of neonatal intensive care unit admissions in Saudi Arabia. Any differences in antenatal care of mothers and neonatal outcomes compared with premature Saudi infants are unreported.

OBJECTIVE:
Assess antenatal care of mothers and neonatal outcomes among premature Saudi and non-Saudi infants, and investigate possible reasons for disparities.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Tertiary care center in Riyadh.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
All neonates of gestational age ≤32 weeks and birthweight <1500 g admitted from 2015 to 2019 were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Antenatal care of mothers and rates of neonatal mortality and morbidity in premature Saudi and non-Saudi infants.

SAMPLE SIZE:
755 premature infants, 437 (57.9%) Saudi, 318 (42.1%) non-Saudi.

RESULTS:

Saudi mothers received more antenatal steroids and were more likely to have gestational diabetes mellitus (
P
=.01 and .03, respectively). Non-Saudi mothers were more likely to have pregnancy-induced hypertension (
P
=.01). Non-Saudi infants had significantly higher rates of intraventricular hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonary hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotizing enterocolitis compared with Saudi infants (
P
=.03, <.001, .04, .002, and <.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in mortality rate, early-onset sepsis, and late-onset sepsis between Saudi and non-Saudi infants (
P
=.81, .81, and .12, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Disparities exist in the antenatal care of Saudi and non-Saudi women and in the neonatal morbidities of their premature infants. There was no difference in the neonatal mortality rate. More quality improvement initiatives are required to reduce differences in antenatal and neonatal outcomes.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective, socioeconomic disparities not identified.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Direitos humanos no Brasil democrático – trajetória e perspectivas: 1988/2019
Authors: Rolim Rivail Carvalho 
Published: August 2020

No último meio século ocorreram profundas mudanças sociais nos principais países ocidentais, com reflexos significativos no Brasil. Essas transformações têm impactado a vivência dos direitos humanos nesses países e afetado a concretização de um estado democrático de direito em nosso país e, até mesmo, provocado alguns retrocessos. Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a trajetória e as perspectivas do ideário dos direitos humanos na sociedade brasileira para delinearmos melhor o que o tempo presente pode revelar de ruptura, de descontínuo e de início. Neste trabalho, voltaremos nossas atenções para os direitos civis, particularmente os direitos à vida, à integridade física, à justiça e o enfrentamento da impunidade dos crimes cometidos por agentes do Estado. Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos. Violência. Repressão Policial
INLET TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE ON ISOTHERMAL GAS CLEANING FROM MONO-IMPURITIES BY FIXED LAYER OF ADSORBENT
Authors: Filimonova Olga N. , Vikulin Andrey S. , Enyutina Marina V. , Ivanov Alexey V. 
Published: August 2020

The influence of the temperature of the inlet gas containing mono-impurity was evaluated for the process of physical adsorption purification in a porous fixed bed of granular adsorbent. The theoretical analysis is based on the classical mathematical model of the isothermal adsorption dynamics in a porous stationary medium structurally made-up of the dispersed phase of solid particles, under the assumptions made: the gas to be purified contains a low-concentration mono-impurity, its motion in the adsorber is unidirectional, and the levelling effect of the velocity profile in the porous cross section environment allowed to adopt the hydrodynamic regime of plug flow; axial mixing in the gas flow is negligible; the adsorption heat is negligible; the layer porosity is uniform; adsorption rate is determined by the sorption kinetics equation with an isotherm, obeying Henry's law. An initial-boundary-value problem is formulated for a system of first-order partial differential equations, which solution with respect to mono-impurity concentrations in the gas stream and adsorbent is obtained in an explicit analytical form using the one-sided integral Laplace transform. A comparative analysis of the computational experiment results with known experimental data showed that the proposed model with an assumptions system is quite adequate qualitatively and quantitatively describes the adsorption separation process. Using the example of an industrial adsorber functioning in the ZB-120/120 complex purification unit in a mobile gas production system, it is shown that the temperature increase by 10 K of inlet dried air after compression containing carbon dioxide reduces the working time in the adsorption stage by 45%. It has been established that the temperature change in the gas inlet flow has a significant effect on the adsorber efficiency and should be taken into account when identifying the overall characteristics of the complex cleaning unit.
Opioid Use in the Postpartum Period: Are We Prescribing Too Much?
Authors: Prentice Danielle , Berry Amanda , Stewart Linzi , Wilkins Heather , Ural Serdar , Deiter Raymond 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
The first exposure to opioids for many women of reproductive age follows childbirth. Current data show a significant correlation between the number of days supplied and continued use/abuse of opioids. The number of women with opioid dependency in pregnancy is steadily increasing, and opioid use is directly linked to an increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, there are no clear opioid-prescribing guidelines for the postpartum period.

Objective
To compare the number of opioid pills prescribed with the number used by patients in the postpartum period.

Methods
Patients were recruited to this pilot study at the time of admission to the labor and delivery unit at a community hospital in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; 84 patients gave informed consent to participate. Medical records were reviewed to determine the number of opioids prescribed. Phone surveys were conducted 4 to 6 weeks after discharge to identify the number of opioids used during the postpartum period. Welch t test was used to determine P values.

Results
After exclusion criteria were applied, records of 23 patients with vaginal deliveries and 14 patients with cesarean sections were included in the study. Patients who were prescribed opioids after a vaginal delivery were prescribed significantly more pills than were used (P<.001); a mean of 10 opioid pills per patient remained unused. Patients prescribed opioids after cesarean section were also often prescribed more opioid pills than used (P<.05); a mean of 7.5 opioid pills per patient remained unused. Of 37 patients, only 2 disposed of unused opioid pills.

Conclusion
The data in this study show a clear example of overprescribing opioids after vaginal and cesarean deliveries leading to increased opioid pill availability within the community.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Selective C−H Bond Functionalization of Quinolines
Authors: Dhiman Ankit K. , Thakur Ankita , Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Upendra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the last two decades, rhodium‐based catalysts have been used extensively for the sp2 and sp3 C−H bond activation/functionalization of various arenes, heteroarenes, and aliphatic compounds, respectively. For quinoline functionalization rhodium has been used significantly as compared to other transition metals such as cobalt, copper, ruthenium, palladium and iridium. In this Minireview the progress on rhodium‐catalyzed selective functionalization of quinoline N‐oxides and 8‐methylquinolines via sp2 and sp3 C−H bond activation, respectively have been highlighted. The main focus is on reaction mechanism, substrate scope, and positional selectivity.
Pd‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Heck Cyclization to Access Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanone Ring Systems
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Guiming , Xu Tao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBridged‐ring systems, especially the bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes, are widely found as key structural motifs in 6,7‐seco‐ent‐kaurane diterpenoids. In an effort directed towards the total synthesis of sculponeatin N, a Pd‐catalyzed regioselective reductive‐Heck cyclization was developed to access variously substituted bicyclo[3.2.1]octan‐2‐ones, with isolated yields up to 94 %, starting from commercially available anisole derivatives. The reactions displayed complementary merits to classical radical‐mediated pathway in both avoiding stoichiometric tin reagent and good compatibility towards alkyne/alkene bearing substrates.
Main Group Metal‐Mediated Transformations of Imines
Authors: Orr Samantha A. , Andrews Philip C. , Blair Victoria L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMain‐group‐metal‐mediated transformations of imines have earned a valued place in the synthetic chemist's toolbox. Their versatility allows the simple preparation of various nitrogen containing compounds. This review will outline the early discoveries including metallation, addition/cyclisation and metathesis pathways, followed by the modern‐day use of imines in synthetic methodology. Recent advances in imine C−F activation protocols are discussed, alongside revisiting “classic” imine reactivity from a sustainable perspective. Developments in catalytic methods for hydroelementation of imines have been reviewed, highlighting the importance of s‐block metals in the catalytic arena. Whilst stoichiometric transformations in alternative reaction media such as deep eutectic solvents or water have been summarised. The incorporation of imines into flow chemistry has received recent attention and is summarised within.
Case for staged thyroidectomy
Authors: Ronen Ohad , Robbins K. Thomas , Olsen Kerry D. , Shaha Ashok R. , Randolph Gregory W. , Nixon Iain J. , Zafereo Mark E. , Hartl Dana M. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Coca‐Pelaz Andrés , Mäkitie Antti A. , Vander Poorten Vincent , Sanabria Alvaro , Angelos Peter , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent modifications in the management of well‐differentiated thyroid cancer have resulted in significant alterations in clinical approach. Utilizing a series of preoperative and postoperative risk factors involving both the patient and the disease pathology, we offer the term “staged thyroidectomy” to help organize these risk factors for patients and the endocrine team to optimize management. This approach is intended to incorporate our latest nuanced understanding of certain endocrine pathology and may serve to optimize patient outcomes.
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
Authors: Misiorowski Waldemar , Bilezikian John P 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTOsteitis fibrosa cystica is a rare presentation of both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. In this perspective, we provide a historical backdrop to this form of parathyroid disease and contend that this clinical presentation of excess parathyroid hormone, particularly in primary hyperparathyroidism, is still seen today. In view of its rarity and the way it typically presents, the diagnosis of metastatic cancer is often the first diagnostic impression. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sunitinib induces primary ectopic endometrial cell apoptosis through up‐regulation of STAT1 in vitro
Authors: Li Jiajie , Abudula Maidinaimu , Fan Xiaodan , Wang Furong , Chen Yichen , Liu Liping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEndometriosis (EMS) is a prevalent gynecological condition characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. This study aimed to clarify the targeted therapeutic effect of sunitinib in an endometriosis in vitro experiment.MethodsPrimary culture of ectopic endometrial cells and normal endometrial cells. Six tumor targeting drugs were selected to screen. MTT was used to determine the IC50, flow cytometry, and DAPI staining of the targeted drugs, in order to determine the apoptosis. The differential proteins after seeding were analyzed by protein spectrum, the correlation between the specific protein and cell apoptosis was determined by small molecule interference, and the expression of each related protein was detected by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were used to detect the expression of p‐PDGFR and p‐STAT1 in clinical samples, and the correlation between p‐STAT1 expression and ectopic focal size was analyzed by SPSS 19.ResultsThrough the drug screening, it was found that sunitinib has a significant inhibitory effect on ectopic endometrial cells. It was determined that the IC50 of sunitinib on ectopic stromal endometrial cells was 3.32 μM, while the IC50 on normal endometrium was 7.9 μM. Meanwhile, the flow cytometry and DAPI nuclear dye that took out sunitinib had an inhibition effect on the ectopic endometrium at a concentration of 4 μM. Protein spectrum analysis was conducted on ectopic intimal cells after sunitinib treatment, and it was found that STAT1 is specifically expressed in ectopic endometrial cells. In vitro, and through fludarabine interference, it was revealed that sunitinib specifically inhibited the phosphorylation site Tyr751 of PDGFR, while the expression of STAT1, p‐STAT1, and caspase‐3 was significantly upregulated, and the expression of STAT1 and p‐STAT1 was positively correlated with the expression of caspase‐3. Finally, the expression of p‐PDGFR and p‐STAT1 in ectopic foal tissues was both higher than that in normal endometrium, and p‐STAT1 expression was positively with ectopic focal size.ConclusionThe in vitro experiments revealed that sunitinib could upregulate the expression of STAT1 by inhibiting the phosphorylation site Tyr751 of PDGFR, thereby specifically inducing the apoptosis of the primary heterotopic mesenchymal endometrium.
Extreme diet without calcium may lead to hyperoxaluria and kidney stone recurrence—A case study
Authors: Šálek Tomáš 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to present a case study of a 56‐year‐old woman with hyperoxaluria induced by calcium‐free diet that resulted in kidney stone recurrence.MethodsA 24‐hour urine collection and serum tests for kidney stone risk factors identification were performed. The monitoring of urine risk factors was done by untimed urine samples and 24‐hour urine collections. Polarized light microscopy was performed for kidney stone analysis.ResultsThe results of urine collection showed hyperoxaluria of 0.551 mmoL per 24 hours. After adding calcium‐containing products to the diet the oxaluria decreased to reference range value of 0.352 mmoL/24 hours and all untimed oxalate to creatinine ratios returned to reference ranges. Polarized light microscopy revealed 100% calcium oxalate kidney stone composition (It was 50% Weddellite and 50% Whewellite).ConclusionsThe case study shows the importance of calcium intake in the prevention of calcium oxalate kidney stone recurrence. Particularly, unsuitable diet without calcium can induce kidney stone recurrence. Knowledge of diet habits is important for interpretation of kidney stone risk factors and their inhibitors excreted in urine.
Quantification of aromatase binding in the female human brain using [11C]cetrozole positron emission tomography
Authors: Jonasson My , Nordeman Patrik , Eriksson Jonas , Wilking Helena , Wikström Johan , Takahashi Kayo , Niwa Takashi , Hosoya Takamitsu , Watanabe Yasuyoshi , Antoni Gunnar , Sundström Poromaa Inger , Lubberink Mark , Comasco Erika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAromatase, the enzyme that in the brain converts testosterone and androstenedione to estradiol and estrone, respectively, is a putative key factor in psychoneuroendocrinology. In vivo assessment of aromatase was performed to evaluate tracer kinetic models and optimal scan duration, for quantitative analysis of the aromatase positron emission tomography (PET) ligand [11C]cetrozole. Anatomical magnetic resonance and 90‐min dynamic [11C]cetrozole PET‐CT scans were performed on healthy women. Volume of interest (VOI)‐based analyses with a plasma‐input function were performed using the single‐tissue and two‐tissue (2TCM) reversible compartment models and plasma‐input Logan analysis. Additionally, the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM), Logan reference tissue model (LRTM), and standardized uptake volume ratio model, with cerebellum as reference region, were evaluated. Parametric images were generated and regionally averaged voxel values were compared with VOI‐based analyses of the reference tissue models. The optimal reference model was used for evaluation of a decreased scan duration. Differences between the plasma‐input‐ and reference tissue‐based methods and comparisons between scan durations were assessed by linear regression. The [11C]cetrozole time–activity curves were best described by the 2TCM. SRTM nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND), with cerebellum as reference region, can be used to estimate [11C]cetrozole binding and generated robust and quantitatively accurate results for a reduced scan duration of 60 min. Receptor parametric mapping, a basis function implementation of SRTM, as well as LRTM, produced quantitatively accurate parametric images, showing BPND at the voxel level. As PET tracer, [11C]cetrozole can be employed for relatively short brain scans to measure aromatase binding using a reference tissue‐based approach.
Gravimetric quantitative validation of botanic impurities in feed
Authors: Marchis Daniela , Amato Giuseppina , Giovannini Tiziana , Khadjavi Amina , Morello Sara , Gili Marilena , Pinotti Luciano , Vrhovnik Igor Ujčič 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHarmful botanical impurities may contaminate feed and feed materials and be a potential danger to animal or human health, or to the environment. The aim of this study was to establish rapid and sensitive methods that can be used in routine official controls to determine botanical impurities such as Datura stramonium, Ricinus communis, Crotaliaria spp., and Ambrosia spp. in animal feed and raw materials. Claviceps sclerotia were also detected in cereals, due to the similarities of the targets and the analytical procedure. Regulation (EU) 625/2017, which replaces Reg. 2004/882/EC, states that EU member states should conduct official controls in assessed and accredited laboratories and that the analytical methods must be validated before use by considering parameters such as specificity, precision, recovery, and measurement uncertainly.Results and ConclusionThe results demonstrate that all of the methods tested are suitable for the official quantitative analyses required by EU official legislation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Regulatory T cells: A potential weapon to combat COVID‐19?
Authors: Liu Yu , Qi Guangying , Bellanti Joseph A. , Moser René , Ryffel Bernhard , Zheng Song Guo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 began to spread, an infection disease termed COVID‐19. The virus has spread throughout the world in a short period of time, resulting in a pandemic. The number of reported cases in global reached 5 695 596 including 352 460 deaths, as of May 27, 2020. Due to the lack of effective treatment options for COVID‐19, various strategies are being tested. Recently, pathologic studies conducted by two teams in China revealed immunopathologic abnormalities in lung tissue. These results have implications for immunotherapy that could offer a novel therapy strategy for combating lethal viral pneumonia. This review discusses the clinical and pathological features of COVID‐19, the roles of immune cells in pathological processes, and the possible avenues for induction of immunosuppressive T regulatory cells attenuating lung inflammation due to viral infection. It is our hope that these proposals may both be helpful in understanding the novel features of SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia as well as providing new immunological strategies for treating the severe sequelae of disease manifestations seen in people infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.