bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alveolar Ridge Augmentation Around Exposed Mandibular Dental Implant With Histomorphometric Analysis
Authors: Ibraheem Ahmed Gamil , Blanchard Steven B. 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionAlveolar ridge augmentation either before or during implant placement is a predictable procedure under certain conditions. A major complication during the healing phase is incision line opening and membrane exposure, which may result in reduced bone gain and reduced implant survival. This case report describes alveolar bone regeneration around three dental implants despite membrane exposure that developed during healing post‐surgically.Case PresentationA 72‐year‐old female presented requesting dental implants to replace tooth numbers 18, 19, and 20. A cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan showed loss of horizontal and vertical ridge dimensions. All implants were placed with a variable degree of implant thread exposure on their buccal surfaces, ranging from 3 to 4.5 mm. Simultaneous bone grafting was performed using freeze dried bone allograft and deproteinized bovine bone mineral that was covered by a d‐PTFE membrane that was secured with tacking screws. Primary closure was obtained, and flaps were sutured. Three weeks post‐surgically, membrane exposure occurred. Exposure was monitored and patient was instructed to follow strict oral hygiene instructions around the exposed membrane. Membrane exposure gradually increased without infection and was removed at 16 weeks. Membrane removal revealed dense fibrous tissues covering all implant surfaces. At the second stage surgery, new bone was seen covering all the implants coronal to the cover screws. A trephine core biopsy specimen revealed significant new bone formation and connective tissue around any residual grafted bone.Conclusiond‐PTFE membrane exposure does not necessarily lead to adverse healing outcomes for alveolar ridge augmentation if handled properly with close patient follow‐up.
Role of PKCζ‐NADPH oxidase signaling axis in PKCα‐mediated Giα2 phosphorylation for inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by angiotensin II in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
Authors: Chowdhury Animesh , Sarkar Jaganmay , Kanti Pramanik Pijush , Chakraborti Tapati , Chakraborti Sajal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe sought to determine the mechanism by which angiotensin II (AngII) inhibits isoproterenol induced increase in adenylate cyclase (AC) activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (BPASMCs). Treatment with AngII stimulates protein kinase C‐ζ (PKC‐ζ), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and PKC‐α activities, and also inhibits isoproterenol induced increase in AC activity and cAMP production in the cells. Pertussis toxin pretreatment eliminates AngII caused inhibition of isoproterenol induced increase in AC activity without a discernible change in PKC‐ζ, NADPH oxidase, and PKC‐α activities. Treatment of the cells with AngII increases α2 isoform of Gi (Giα2) phosphorylation; while pretreatment with chemical and genetic inhibitors of PKC‐ζ and NADPH oxidase attenuate AngII induced increase in PKC‐α activity and Giα2 phosphorylation, and also reverse AngII caused inhibition of isoproterenol induced increase in AC activity. Pretreatment of the cells with chemical and genetic inhibitors of PKC‐α attenuate AngII induced increase in Giα2 phosphorylation and inhibits isoproterenol induced increase in AC activity without a discernible change in PKC‐ζ and NADPH oxidase activities. Overall, PKCζ‐NADPH oxidase‐PKCα signaling axis plays a crucial role in Giα2 phosphorylation resulting in AngII‐mediated inhibition of isoproterenol induced increase in AC activity in BPASMCs.
Motorized fractional flow reserve pullback: Accuracy and reproducibility
Authors: Sonck Jeroen , Collet Carlos , Mizukami Takuya , Vandeloo Bert , Argacha Jean F. , Barbato Emanuele , Andreini Daniele , Bartorelli Antonio , Cosyns Bernard , De Bruyne Bernard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed at determining the accuracy and reproducibility of motorized FFR pullbacks in patients with stable coronary artery disease.BackgroundFractional flow reserve (FFR) is recommended for decision making regarding myocardial revascularization. The distribution of epicardial resistance along coronary vessels can be assessed using FFR pullbacks.MethodsDuplicated FFR pullbacks were acquired using a motorized device at a speed of 1 mm/s in intermediate coronary stenosis. In addition, a single FFR value was measured at an anatomical landmark. The agreement between FFR measurements was assessed using the Bland–Altman method, Pearson's correlation coefficient and area under the pullback curve (AUPC).ResultsIn 20 vessels, 37,326 FFR values were obtained. The mean FFR from the pullbacks was 0.91 ± 0.08 whereas the mean FFR at the distal location was 0.85 ± 0.09. The mean difference between pullbacks was −0.002 (LOA −0.058 to 0.054). The difference in AUPC between the two FFR pullbacks was 2.1 ± 1.6%. At pre‐specified anatomical locations, the mean difference between the FFR derived from the pullback data and the measured FFR was 0 (LOA −0.040 to 0.039). The repeatability of the distal FFR measurement was high (bias −0.003, LOA −0.046 to 0.041).ConclusionA motorized FFR pullback was accurate to assess the distribution of epicardial resistance in patients with intermediate coronary artery disease. The reproducibility of the FFR pullback was high. Further studies are required to determine the potential usefulness of a hyperemic FFR pullback strategy for decision making and treatment planning.
Overview on the Current Status of Hydrogen Energy Research and Development in India
Authors: Medisetty Venkata Manikanta , Kumar Ravinder , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Vo Dai-Viet N. , Ochoa A. A. V. , Solanki Rajniesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe energy demand for the automobile and industrial sectors is increasing drastically worldwide. Conventional sources will no longer fulfil the growing energy demand and environmental pollution is a big concern. Thus, an alternative fuel for vehicles is highly required. The focus is shifted on renewable energy sources like hydrogen, which is abundant in nature. This review examines the continuous progress of hydrogen regarding production and storage techniques in India. Current studies and ongoing projects are summarized projecting the status of production, storage, and application of hydrogen. Challenges like infrastructure development, distribution, policies, cost, and public acceptance as obstacles for the commercialization of hydrogen‐powered vehicles in the Indian market are analyzed.
Understanding the Driving Mechanisms of Enhanced Luminescence Emission of Oligo(styryl)benzenes and Tri(styryl)‐s‐triazine
Authors: Domínguez Rocío , Moral Mónica , Fernández‐Liencres M. Paz , Peña‐Ruiz Tomás , Tolosa Juan , Canales‐Vázquez Jesús , García‐Martínez Joaquín C. , Navarro Amparo , Garzón‐Ruiz Andrés 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work is focused on unraveling the mechanisms responsible for the aggregation‐induced enhanced emission and solid‐state luminescence enhancement effects observed in star‐shaped molecules based on 1,3,5‐tris(styryl)benzene and tri(styryl)‐s‐triazine cores. To achieve this, the photophysical properties of this set of molecules were analyzed in three states: free molecules, molecular aggregates in solution, and the solid state. Different spectroscopy and microscopy experiments and DFT calculations were conducted to scrutinize the causative mechanisms of the luminescence enhancement phenomenon observed in some experimental conditions. Enhanced luminescence emission was interpreted in the context of short‐ and long‐range excitonic coupling mechanisms and the restriction of intramolecular vibrations. Additionally, we found that the formation of π‐stacking aggregates could block E/Z photoisomerization through torsional motions between phenylene rings in the excited state, and hence, enhancing the luminescence of the system.
Acridinium Benzoates for Ratiometric Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Wen Min , Wang Xijing , Wang Ting , Sun Yan , Fan Mengting , Li Min , Zhu Junru , Zhang Dazhi , Cui Xiaoyan , Shan Yongkui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcridinium benzoate was developed as a unique ICT‐based fluorescent scaffold for both ratiometric and turn‐on fluorescence imaging through decaging of the phenolic hydroxyl groups. Two fluorescent probes, Acr1‐H2O2 and Acr1‐β‐gal, were developed for the fluorescence imaging of H2O2 and β‐galactosidase in vivo.
Patient familiarity with, understanding of, and preferences for clinical trial endpoints and terminology
Authors: von Itzstein Mitchell S. , Railey Elda , Smith Mary L. , White Carol B. , Sledge George W. , Howell John R. , Lawton Wendy , Marinucci Donna M. , Unni Nisha , Gerber David E. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundAlthough there is increased attention to designing and explaining clinical trials in ways that are clinically meaningful for patients, there is limited information on patient preferences, understanding, and perceptions of this content.MethodsMaximum difference scaling (MaxDiff) methodology was used to develop a survey for assessing patients' understanding of 19 clinical terms and perceived importance of 9 endpoint surrogate phrases used in clinical trials and consent forms. The survey was administered electronically to individuals with metastatic breast cancer affiliated with the Metastatic Breast Cancer Alliance. Analyses were performed using Bayesian P values with statistical software.ResultsAmong 503 respondents, 77% had a college degree, 70% were diagnosed with metastatic disease ≥2 years before survey completion, and 77% had received ≥2 lines of systemic therapy. Less than 35% of respondents reported understanding “fairly well” the terms symptomatic progression, duration of disease control, time to treatment cessation, and endpoints. Income level and time since onset of metastatic disease correlated with comprehension. Patients who had received ≥6 lines of therapy perceived that time until serious side effects (P < .001) and time on therapy (P < .001) were more important compared with those who had received only 1 line of therapy. Positively phrased parameters were associated with increased perceived importance.ConclusionsEven among educated, heavily pretreated patients, many commonly used clinical research terms are poorly understood. Comprehension and the perceived importance of trial endpoints vary over the course of disease. These observations may inform the design, discussion, and reporting of clinical trials.
Chiroptical Spectroscopic Studies on Lanthanide Complexes with Valinamide Derivatives in Solution
Authors: Hasegawa Miki , Iwasawa Daichi , Kawaguchi Takuma , Koike Hikaru , Saso Akira , Ogata Shuhei , Ishii Ayumi , Ohmagari Hitomi , Iwamura Munetaka , Nozaki Koichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLigands based on 2,2’‐bipyridine and valinamide moieties induce circularly polarized luminescence in their europium complexes. Both the R and S enantiomers of the complexes were successfully obtained. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of the racemic crystal confirmed that the ligand is coordinated to the europium ion in a tetradentate fashion. The π‐electronic system of the ligand is co‐planar with the valinamide moiety, and acts as an efficient photoantenna to sensitize europium luminescence by UV excitation. The luminescence quantum yield (QY) of europium in the valinamide‐containing complex was 44 % in acetonitrile. The glum value to evaluate the circularly polarized luminescence was relatively high at |0.13| estimated from their magnetic dipole transitions around 593 nm. For comparison, we prepared hexadentate europium complexes in the S‐ and R‐forms derived from two bipyridine moieties linked by ethylenediamines. The determined QYs were 18 % (S) and 16 % (R), and the glum value |0.12| for the hexadentate complexes. The photophysical properties of the gadolinium complexes of the ligands were also evaluated.
Regioselective Bay‐Functionalization of Perylenes Toward Tailor‐Made Synthesis of Acceptor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Fujimoto Keisuke , Izawa Seiichiro , Arikai Yusaku , Sugimoto Shinya , Oue Hirona , Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Uemura Naohiro , Sakamoto Masami , Hiramoto Masahiro , Takahashi Masaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of an efficient synthetic protocol for multiply bay‐functionalized perylenes and application of these products to photovoltaics are reported. Tetrabenzyl 1‐(4‐tert‐butylphenoxy)perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylate underwent a regioselective bromination at the 7‐position followed by a further bromination at the 12‐position to provide a 7,12‐dibromide in high 84% yield. This compound was transformed into a tetrasubstituted C2h‐symmetric dibromide by a controlled monoetherification and a final bromination. The synthetic versatility of the new brominated precursors was demonstrated by their application to cross‐coupling reactions, cyanation, and derivatization to the corresponding perylene diimide (PDI). Owing to the high solubility and the raised LUMO level, the obtained tetrasubstituted PDI showed significant advantages as an acceptor material for photovoltaic applications, exhibiting a remarkably high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) reaching 1.00 V. The observed high VOC could be understood by reduction of energy offset for charge separation and non‐radiative recombination loss.
Europium(III) Macrocyclic Chelates Appended with Tyrosine‐based Chromophores and Di‐(2‐picolyl)amine‐based Receptors: Turn‐On Luminescent Chemosensors Selective to Zinc(II) Ions
Authors: Wang Gaoji , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Angelovski Goran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractZinc ions play an important role in many biological processes in the human body. To selectively detect Zn2+, two EuDO3A‐based complexes (DO3A=1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐tricarboxylic acid) appended with tyrosine as a chromophore and di‐(2‐picolyl)amine (DPA) as the Zn2+ recognition moiety were developed as suitable luminescent sensors. Their luminescence intensity is affected by the photoinduced electron transfer mechanism. Upon addition of Zn2+, both probes display an up to sevenfold enhancement in Eu3+ emission. Competition experiments demonstrated their specificity toward Zn2+ over other metal ions, while also revealing the nonspecificity of the derivatives lacking the DPA‐moiety, thus confirming the essential role of the DPA for the recognition of Zn2+. The induced emission changes of Eu3+ allow for precise quantitative analysis of Zn2+, establishing these lanthanide‐based complexes as viable chemosensors for biological applications.
Zeolite Nanocrystals Embedded in Microcellular Carbon Foam as a High‐Performance CO2 Capture Adsorbent with Energy‐Saving Regeneration Properties
Authors: Mazaj Matjaž , Bjelica Milan , Žagar Ema , Logar Nataša Zabukovec , Kovačič Sebastijan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHere, the facile synthesis of four‐length‐scaled (ultramicro‐micro‐meso‐macroporous) hierarchically structured porous carbon nanocomposite by an emulsion‐template strategy is reported. This previously unreported combination of zeolite nanocrystals embedded in the walls of microcellular carbon foams gives unique textural and structural properties, which result in their excellent ability to selectively capture CO2 owing to the presence of ultra‐micropores. The zeolite–microcellular carbon foam synergism delivers an adsorbent with a significantly enhanced CO2 capture capacity of up to 5 mmol g−1, CO2/N2 selectivity of up to 80, and an outstanding multi‐cycle capture performance under humid conditions (70 % performance retention after 30 regeneration cycles). More impressively, the electrically conductive carbon framework enables Joule heating and cooling, and thus fast and energy‐efficient regeneration is possible, with an estimated energy consumption of only about 12 kWh.
Molecular Design Strategy for High‐Redox‐Potential and Poorly Soluble n‐Type Phenazine Derivatives as Cathode Materials for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Miao Licheng , Liu Luojia , Zhang Kai , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe n‐type phenazine (PZ) derivatives represent an emerging class of cathode materials in lithium batteries for low‐cost and sustainable energy storage. However, their low redox potential (<2 V) and high solubility hinder their application to battery systems. To explore and solve such problems in lithium batteries, we investigate the redox characteristics of 13 n‐type PZ derivatives and their dissolution behavior in seven organic electrolytes systematically by using DFT calculations. Two decisive factors are observed to tune the redox potentials for these molecules: the first is the electron density around the N active sites and the second is the chelation on lithium by both the active N and the substituent group. Specific approaches that include the reduction of aromatic rings and the introduction of functional groups at β sites in n‐type PZ derivatives can improve the redox potential to approximately 3 V. In addition, we develop a new index denoted as Ediff to investigate the solubility of n‐type PZ derivatives. The most effective way to reduce the dissolution of electrodes in solvents is to improve intermolecular attraction between the electrode molecules by introducing π–π stacking and hydrogen bonds. Such all‐around guidelines should promote the application of n‐type PZ‐based organic cathodes with a high redox potential and low electrode solubility for lithium batteries.
Differentiated transmission services and optimization based on two‐dimensional forwarding for Internet traffic in the AS
Authors: Chen Wen‐Long , Zhou Yuan‐Yuan , Zhao Cheng‐An , Xiao Rong 
Published: January 2020

SummaryTwo‐dimensional routing (TD routing) implements flexible multipath transmission according to the inherent fields of IP packets. However, it may cause large overhead on routers' control plane and data plane. Focusing on autonomous systems with multiple exits, this paper proposes a differentiated transmission services and optimization based on two‐dimensional forwarding for Internet traffic in the autonomous system (AS) (DOTF). The optimal path from the access router to the border router is calculated by the border router. Then two‐dimensional routing information (TDRI) is advertised hop by hop along the reverse path of the optimal path to establish a TD transmission path. DOTF propagates routing information by extending the open shortest path first (OSPF). It compresses message content and optimizes the TDRI structure. TDRI is only released on the specific paths, which greatly reduces the resource consumption in the routers' control plane and data plane. We also analyze the merging of TD routing and one‐dimensional routing (OD routing), reducing the deployment of TD routing entries (TD‐REs). Our experiments on real routers demonstrate the performance of DOTF. The convergence characteristics of TD routing are also analyzed.
Diversity, structure, and synteny of the cutinase gene ofColletotrichumspecies
Authors: Villafana Ria T. , Rampersad Sephra N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractColletotrichumspecies complexes are among the top 10 economically important fungal plant pathogens worldwide because they can infect climacteric and nonclimacteric fruit at the pre and/or postharvest stages.C. truncatumis the major pathogen responsible for anthracnose of green and red bell pepper fruit worldwide.C. brevisporumwas recently reported to be a minor pathogen of red bell pepper fruit in Trinidad, but has recently been reported as pathogenic to other host species in other countries. The ability of these phytopathogens to produce and secrete cutinase is required for dismantling the cuticle of the host plant and, therefore, crucial to the necrotrophic phase of their infection strategy. In vitro bioassays using different lipid substrates confirmed the ability ofC. truncatumandC. brevisporumisolates from green and red bell peppers to secrete cutinase. The diversity, structure and organization and synteny of the cutinase gene were determined among differentColletotrichumspecies. Cluster analysis indicated a low level of nucleotide variation amongC. truncatumsequences. Nucleotide sequences ofC. brevisporumwere more related toC. truncatumcutinase nucleotide sequences than toC. gloeosporioides. Cluster patterns coincided with haplotype and there was evidence of significant positive selection with no recombination signatures. The structure of the cutinase gene included two exons with one intervening intron and, therefore, one splice variant. Although amino acid sequences were highly conserved amongC. truncatumisolates, diversity “hot spots” were revealed when the 66‐amino acid coding region of 200 fungal species was compared. Twenty cutinaseorthologues were detected among different fungal species, whose common ancestor is Pezizomycotina and it is purported that theseorthologues arose through a single gene duplication event prior to speciation. The cutinase domain was retained both in structure and arrangement among 34 differentColletotrichumspecies. The order of aligned genomic blocks between species and the arrangement of flanking protein domains were also conserved and shared for those domains immediately located at the N‐ and C‐terminus of the cutinase domain. Among these were an RNA recognition motif, translation elongation factor, signal peptide, pentatricopeptide repeat, and Hsp70 family of chaperone proteins, all of which support the expression of the cutinase gene. The findings of this study are important to understanding the evolution of the cutinase gene inC. truncatumas a key component of the biotrophic–necrotrophic switch which may be useful in developing gene‐targeting strategies to decrease the pathogenic potential ofColletotrichumspecies.
The role of geography, environment, and genetic divergence on the distribution of pikas in the Himalaya
Authors: Dahal Nishma , Kumar Sunil , Noon Barry R. , Nayak Rajat , Lama Rinzin Phunjok , Ramakrishnan Uma 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPikas (Ochotona Link, 1795) are high‐altitude specialist species making them a useful bioindicator species to warming in high‐altitude ecosystem. The Himalayan Mountains are an important part of their range, supporting approximately 23%–25% of total pika species worldwide, yet we lack basic information on the distribution patterns. We combine field‐based surveys with genetics‐based identification and phylogeny to identify differences in species‐environment relationships. Further, we suggest putative evolutionary causes for the observed niche patterns.LocationHimalayan high‐altitude region.MethodsWe sampled 11 altitudinal transects (ranging from ~2,000 to 5,000 m) in the Himalaya to establish occurrence records. We collected 223 species records using genetic analyses to confirm species' identity (based on some invasive and mostly noninvasive biological samples). Niche and geographic overlap were estimated using kernel density estimates.ResultsMost pikas in the Himalaya span wide elevation ranges and exhibit extensive spatial overlap with other species. However, even in areas of high species diversity, we found species to have a distinct environmental niche. Despite apparent overlapping distributions at broad spatial scales, in our field surveys, we encountered few cases of co‐occurrence of species in the sampled transects. Deeply diverged sister‐species pair had the least environmental niche overlap despite having the highest geographic range overlap. In contrast, sister‐species pair with shallow genetic divergence had a higher environmental niche overlap but was geographically isolated. We hypothesize that the extent of environmental niche divergence in pikas is a function of divergence time within the species complex. We assessed vulnerability of species to future climate change using environmental niche and geographic breadth sizes as a proxies. Our findings suggest that O. sikimaria may be the most vulnerable species. Ochotona roylii appears to have the most unique environmental niche space, with least niche overlap with other pika species from the study area.