bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Manufacturing of 3D Printed models for the Neurotraumatological Education of Military Surgeons
Authors: Duda Sven , Meyer Lisa , Musienko Eugen , Hartig Sascha , Meyer Tobias , Fette Marc , Wessling Heinrich 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
When deployed abroad, military surgeons frequently have to deal with casualties involving head trauma. The emergency treatments, as well as craniotomies, are often performed by non-neurosurgeons qualified with basic neurotraumatological skills. Previous neurotrauma courses for education of non-neurosurgeons in Germany teach surgical emergency skills but do not include the training of skills needed to successfully utilize imaging in surgical planning, which is of importance for the safety and success of the treatment. To overcome these limitations, 3D printed models of neurotrauma cases were fabricated for application in the training of non-neurosurgeons.

Materials and Methods
Five models of actual neurotrauma cases from our neurosurgical department were segmented from CT scans and 3D printed using multi-part fused deposition modeling. Model quality was assessed with respect to the representation of pre-defined anatomical landmarks. The models were then fixed to a wooden mount with a central light source and covered by a latex mask for skin simulation. Surgical planning by means of craniometric measurements on the basis of available CT scans of the corresponding patients was then applied to the model.

Results
The 3D printed models precisely represented the cranium, the lesion, and anatomical landmarks, which are taken into consideration during surgical planning. Surface covering with washable latex masks ensured sufficient masking of the now non-noticeable lesion within the semi-translucent skull. Surgical planning was performed using washable marker drawings. When lighted, the otherwise non-visible lesion within the semi-translucent 3D printed craniums became visible and facilitated immediate success control for the course participants.

Conclusion
The presented method provided a way to fabricate precise 3D models of neurotrauma cases, which are suitable to teach the application of medical imaging in surgical planning. For further benefit analysis, the application of the presented education tool needs to be investigated within a neurotrauma course.
Metabolism-based isolation of invasive glioblastoma cells with specific gene signatures and tumorigenic potential
Authors: Smith Stuart James , Rowlinson Jonathan , Estevez-Cebrero Maria , Onion David , Ritchie Alison , Clarke Phil , Wood Katie , Diksin Mohammed , Lourdusamy Anbarasu , Grundy Richard Guy , Rahman Ruman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with rapid subclonal diversification, harboring molecular abnormalities that vary temporospatially, a contributor to therapy resistance. Fluorescence-guided neurosurgical resection utilizes the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) generating individually fluorescent tumor cells within a background population of non-neoplastic cells in the invasive tumor region. The aim of the study was to specifically isolate and interrogate the invasive GBM cell population using a novel 5-ALA-based method.

Methods
We have isolated the critical invasive GBM cell population by developing 5-ALA-based metabolic fluorescence-activated cell sorting. This allows purification and study of invasive cells from GBM without an overwhelming background “normal brain” signal to confound data. The population was studied using RNAseq, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry, with gene targets functionally interrogated on proliferation and migration assays using siRNA knockdown and known drug inhibitors.

Results
RNAseq analysis identifies specific genes such as SERPINE1 which is highly expressed in invasive GBM cells but at low levels in the surrounding normal brain parenchyma. siRNA knockdown and pharmacological inhibition with specific inhibitors of SERPINE1 reduced the capacity of GBM cells to invade in an in vitro assay. Rodent xenografts of 5-ALA-positive cells were established and serially transplanted, confirming tumorigenicity of the fluorescent patient-derived cells but not the 5-ALA-negative cells.

Conclusions
Identification of unique molecular features in the invasive GBM population offers hope for developing more efficacious targeted therapies compared to targeting the tumor core and for isolating tumor subpopulations based upon intrinsic metabolic properties.
Nonquinolone Options for the Treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium in the Era of Increased Resistance
Authors: Doyle Michelle , Vodstrcil Lenka A , Plummer Erica L , Aguirre Ivette , Fairley Christopher K , Bradshaw Catriona S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the era of increasing macrolide- and quinolone-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), we report the efficacy of 2 nonquinolone antimicrobials in patients with limited treatment options. Pristinamycin + doxycycline cured 75% (95% CI, 64%–85%), and minocycline cured 71% (95% CI, 54%–85%) of cases. These data provide useful estimates to inform clinical practice.
Use of a Standardized Dalbavancin Approach to Facilitate Earlier Hospital Discharge for Vulnerable Patients Receiving Prolonged Inpatient Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Vazquez Deida Axel A , Shihadeh Katherine C , Preslaski Candice R , Young Heather L , Wyles David L , Jenkins Timothy C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Twenty-seven patients receiving prolonged inpatient antibiotic therapy for a serious bacterial infection received a single dose of dalbavancin 7–10 days before the planned end date to facilitate earlier hospital discharge. Eighty-one percent met criteria for clinical success, 7% experienced a potential adverse event, and 182 hospital days were averted.
Platonic Relations and Mathematical Explanations
Authors: Knowles Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSome scientific explanations appear to turn on pure mathematical claims. The enhanced indispensability argument appeals to these ‘mathematical explanations’ in support of mathematical platonism. I argue that the success of this argument rests on the claim that mathematical explanations locate pure mathematical facts on which their physical explananda depend, and that any account of mathematical explanation that supports this claim fails to provide an adequate understanding of mathematical explanation.
How Commercially Available Virtual Reality–Based Interventions Are Delivered and Reported in Gait, Posture, and Balance Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Weber Heather , Barr Christopher , Gough Claire , van den Berg Maayken 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Virtual reality (VR) technologies are increasingly used in physical rehabilitation; however, it is unclear how VR interventions are being delivered, and, in particular, the role of the therapist remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate how commercially available VR technologies are being implemented in gait, posture, and balance rehabilitation, including justification, content, procedures, and dosage of the intervention and details of the therapist role.

Methods
Five databases were searched between 2008 and 2018. Supervised interventional trials with &gt;10 adult participants using commercially available VR technologies to address mobility limitations were independently selected by 2 authors. One author extracted reported intervention characteristics into a predesigned table and assessed methodological quality, which was independently verified by a second author. A total of 29 studies were included.

Results
Generally, minimal clinical reasoning was provided to justify technology or activity selection, with recreational systems and games used most commonly (n = 25). All but 1 study used a single interventional technology. When explicitly described, the intervention was delivered by a physical therapist (n = 14), a therapist assistant (n = 2), both (n = 1), or an occupational therapist (n = 1). Most studies reported supervision (n = 12) and safeguarding (n = 8) as key therapist roles, with detail of therapist feedback less frequently reported (n = 4). Therapist involvement in program selection, tailoring, and progression was poorly described.

Conclusion
Intervention protocols of VR rehabilitation studies are incompletely described and generally lack detail on clinical rationale for technology and activity selection and on the therapist role in intervention design and delivery, hindering replication and translation of research into clinical practice. Future studies utilizing commercially available VR technologies should report all aspects of intervention design and delivery and consider protocols that allow therapists to exercise clinical autonomy in intervention delivery.

Impact Statement
The findings of this systematic review have highlighted that VR rehabilitation interventions targeting gait, posture, and balance are primarily delivered by physical therapists, whose most reported role was supervision and safeguarding. There was an absence of detail regarding complex clinical skills, such as tailoring of the intervention and reasoning for the choice of technology and activity. This uncertainty around the role of the therapist as an active ingredient in VR-based rehabilitation hinders the development of implementation guidelines. To inform the optimal involvement of therapists in VR rehabilitation, it is essential that future studies report on all aspects of VR intervention design and delivery.
The Unprecedented Stock Market Reaction to COVID-19
Authors: Baker Scott R , Bloom Nicholas , Davis Steven J , Kost Kyle , Sammon Marco , Viratyosin Tasaneeya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
No previous infectious disease outbreak, including the Spanish Flu, has affected the stock market as forcefully as the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, previous pandemics left only mild traces on the U.S. stock market. We use text-based methods to develop these points with respect to large daily stock market moves back to 1900 and with respect to overall stock market volatility back to 1985. We also evaluate potential explanations for the unprecedented stock market reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence we amass suggests that government restrictions on commercial activity and voluntary social distancing, operating with powerful effects in a service-oriented economy, are the main reasons the U.S. stock market reacted so much more forcefully to COVID-19 than to previous pandemics in 1918–1919, 1957–1958, and 1968.
Telemedicine versus face-to-face delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial
Authors: Arnedt J Todd , Conroy Deirdre A , Mooney Ann , Furgal Allison , Sen Ananda , Eisenberg Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
In a randomized controlled noninferiority trial, we compared face-to-face and telemedicine delivery (via the AASM SleepTM platform) of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia for improving insomnia/sleep and daytime functioning at posttreatment and 3-month follow-up. A secondary objective compared the modalities on treatment credibility, satisfaction, and therapeutic alliance.

Methods
A total of 65 adults with chronic insomnia (46 women, 47.2 ± 16.3 years of age) were randomized to 6 sessions of CBT for insomnia delivered individually via AASM SleepTM (n = 33, CBT-TM) or face-to-face (n = 32, CBT-F2F). Participants completed sleep diaries, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and daytime functioning measures at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up. Treatment credibility, satisfaction, and therapeutic alliance were compared between treatment modalities. The ISI was the primary noninferiority outcome.

Results
Based on a noninferiority margin of four points on the ISI and, after adjusting for confounders, CBT-TM was noninferior to CBT-F2F at posttreatment (β = 0.54, SE = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.64 to 2.72) and follow-up (β = 0.34, SE = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.83 to 2.53). Daytime functioning measures, except the physical composite scale of the SF-12, were significantly improved at posttreatment and follow-up, with no difference between treatment formats. CBT-TM sessions were, on average, nearly 10 min shorter, yet participant ratings of therapeutic alliance were similar to CBT-F2F.

Conclusions
Telemedicine delivery of CBT for insomnia is not inferior to face-to-face for insomnia severity and yields similar improvements on other sleep and daytime functioning outcomes. Further, telemedicine allows for more efficient treatment delivery while not compromising therapeutic alliance.

Clinical Trial Registration Number
NCT03293745
Congruence and Conflict in the Higher-Level Phylogenetics of Squamate Reptiles: An Expanded Phylogenomic Perspective
Authors: Singhal Sonal , Colston Timothy J , Grundler Maggie R , Smith Stephen A , Costa Gabriel C , Colli Guarino R , Moritz Craig , Pyron R Alexander , Rabosky Daniel L 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGenome-scale data have the potential to clarify phylogenetic relationships across the tree of life but have also revealed extensive gene tree conflict. This seeming paradox, whereby larger data sets both increase statistical confidence and uncover significant discordance, suggests that understanding sources of conflict is important for accurate reconstruction of evolutionary history. We explore this paradox in squamate reptiles, the vertebrate clade comprising lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians. We collected an average of 5103 loci for 91 species of squamates that span higher-level diversity within the clade, which we augmented with publicly available sequences for an additional 17 taxa. Using a locus-by-locus approach, we evaluated support for alternative topologies at 17 contentious nodes in the phylogeny. We identified shared properties of conflicting loci, finding that rate and compositional heterogeneity drives discordance between gene trees and species tree and that conflicting loci rarely overlap across contentious nodes. Finally, by comparing our tests of nodal conflict to previous phylogenomic studies, we confidently resolve 9 of the 17 problematic nodes. We suggest this locus-by-locus and node-by-node approach can build consensus on which topological resolutions remain uncertain in phylogenomic studies of other contentious groups. [Anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE); gene tree conflict; molecular evolution; phylogenomic concordance; target capture; ultraconserved elements (UCE).]
Gone fishing: legal professional privilege and data subject access requests in trust law Dawson-Damer v Taylor Wessing LLP [2020] EWCA Civ 352
Authors: Towl Charles 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Following a data subject access request made in 2014, the Court of Appeal has recently taken the opportunity to consider the nature of joint privilege. By affirming that joint privilege is a procedural issue, rather than a substantive element of trust law, the court removed it from the remit of offshore restrictions upon trustee disclosure duties. However, the Data Protection Act 2018 may yet frustrate future attempts by beneficiaries to use subject access requests to pursue fishing expeditions.
Trust-owned companies and the irreducible core of the trust
Authors: Fee Jason 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The recent Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal case of Zhang Hong Li v DBS Bank (Hong Kong) Ltd upheld the effectiveness of anti-Bartlett clauses. This gives rise to the question of whether a trust-corporate structure, coupled with a well-drafted anti-Bartlett clause, leaves any room for trust obligations. Through the lens of the law on trust-owned companies, this article thus seeks to reconceptualise the ‘irreducible core of trust obligations’. It argues that the irreducible core means the minimum duties which are necessary to preserve the integrity of the trust concept. It draws a distinction between core and mandatory duties, in that the ‘bells and whistles’ one adds in specific contexts may be mandatory duties reflecting appropriate policies, instead of core duties necessary for a trust to exist. It accordingly considers the proper content of the irreducible core, as distinguished from other mandatory duties.
Long-term Functional Outcome in Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumor
Authors: Demers Catherine , Gélinas Isabelle , Carret Anne-Sophie 
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective:
The late effects of childhood brain tumors (BTs) are extensively described in the literature. However, their effect on independent living skills of survivors is not. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the impact of late effects of childhood BT and related treatment on the performance in daily living activities of survivors. Furthermore, we wanted to determine which factors are likely to be associated with performance limitation.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted.

Setting:
Follow-up clinic in a tertiary care university hospital.

Patients:
Young adult survivors of childhood BT.

Intervention and Measurements:
No intervention was delivered. Performance in activities of daily living (ADL) was measured by the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills 5 years or more after diagnosis. Sociodemographic and medical information was also collected.

Results:
Thirty-six young adults, mean age 21.0 years (range, 16-29 years) and mean time since completion of treatment 10.1 years (range, 4.0-18.0 years), participated in this study. Results showed that 55% of the participants had results under the motor cutoff and 36% under both the motor and process cutoffs representing the lower limit of competent ADL task performance. Lower level of functioning was associated with younger age at diagnosis for process skills and tumor location (odds ratio [OR] = 9.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-41.08), female gender (OR = 5.14; 95% CI, 1.18-22.48), longer time since treatment (OR = 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05-0.08), and multiple chronic health conditions (OR = 0.06; 95%CI, 0.01-0.51) for motor skills.

Limitations:
The study design does not allow to make causal inference.

Conclusions:
Five years or more after diagnosis, survivors of pediatric BT show decreased motor and process skills affecting their performance in ADL. Recommendations from this study include the development of effective rehabilitation and prevention programs to optimize their functional outcome and to target patients at heightened risk for follow-up.
Evaluation of NICU Healthcare Providers' Experience of Patient Ethics and Communication Excellence (PEACE) Rounds
Authors: McManus Kim , Robinson Patricia 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Neonatal intensive care (NICU) providers may experience distress due to controversial orders or the close relationships they form with neonates' families. A “Patient Ethics and Communications Excellence [PEACE] Rounds” intervention developed at Indiana University proved to significantly relieve distress by facilitating interdisciplinary discussions of clinically and ethically challenging issues associated with pediatric intensive care (PICU) patient care. NICU healthcare providers face similar challenges and will benefit from understanding the potential efficacy of PEACE Rounds in this setting.

Purpose:
This study describes the experiences of NICU healthcare providers who participate in PEACE Rounds and evaluates their perceptions of how it affects their distress levels, contributes to interdisciplinary collaboration, and influences their understanding of ethical decision-making.

Methods:
Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 intervention participants, observed 12 interventions, facilitated a validation focus group, and performed a constructionist thematic analysis and triangulation based on data from transcribed recordings.

Findings:
PEACE Rounds improved interdisciplinary communication and collaboration and demonstrated restorative value through the benefits of voice and collective support. The intervention may reduce, but not replace, the need for formal ethics consultations.

Implications for Practice:
PEACE Rounds may potentially improve interdisciplinary communications and collaboration, relieve employee distress, and reduce ethics consultations.

Implications for Research:
Studies of PEACE Rounds undertaken in other clinical settings, and facilitated by a nurse educator, will help assess the potential benefits of greater reach and access and the efficacy of less structured ethics discussions.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, original antigenic sin, and antibody-dependent enhancement: ménage à trois
Authors: Kadkhoda Kamran 
Published: July 2020

Background
Shortly after its emergence in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the seventh member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses that causes disease in humans.

The problem
Despite the established role of molecular diagnostics, COVID-19 serodiagnosis remains a poorly discovered and enigmatic area. Although there are numerous commercial serological products available globally, there is a severe paucity of high-quality peer-reviewed literature on their true performance characteristics. That being said, publications including in-house developed serological tests started to shed light on the kinetics of the humoral response.

Summary
In spite of intense focus of assessing the performance characteristics of the commercially-available kits, the main issue remains rather invisible, that is, lack of solid science behind COVID-19 serology its clinical usefulness thereof. This short review summarizes the key points as to why COVID-19 is not jest ready to fly.

Purpose of review
Despite having been mentioned as a testing option, COVID-19 serology has significant shortcomings that needs discussing. This short review is meant to shed light on one of those aspects.
Are Hospitals Safe? A Prospective Study on SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence and Outcome on Surgical Fracture Patients: A Closer Look at Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Segarra Borja , Ballesteros Heras Nuria , Viadel Ortiz Marian , Ribes-Iborra Julio , Martinez-Macias Olalla , Cuesta-Peredo David 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To describe clinical characteristics of fracture patients, including a closer look to hip fracture patients, and determine how epidemiological variables may have influenced on a higher vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection, as the basis for the considerations needed to reintroduce elective surgery during the pandemic.

Design:
Longitudinal prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level I Trauma Center in the East of Spain.

Patients/Participants:
One hundred forty-four consecutive fracture patients 18 years or older admitted for surgery.

Intervention:
Patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 with either molecular and/or serological techniques and screened for presentation of COVID-19.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Patients were interviewed and charts reviewed for demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and surgical characteristics.

Results:
We interviewed all patients and tested 137 (95.7%) of them. Three positive patients for SARS-CoV-2 were identified (2.1%). One was asymptomatic and the other 2 required admission due to COVID-19-related symptoms. Mortality for the whole cohort was 13 patients (9%). Significant association was found between infection by SARS-CoV-2 and epidemiological variables including: intimate exposure to respiratory symptomatic patients (P = 0.025) and intimate exposure to SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (P = 0.013). No association was found when crowding above 50 people was tested individually (P = 0.187). When comparing the 2020 and 2019 hip fracture cohorts we found them to be similar, including 30-day mortality. A significant increase in surgical delay from 1.5 to 1.8 days was observed on the 2020 patients (P = 0.034).

Conclusions:
Patients may be treated safely at hospitals if strict recommendations are followed. Both cohorts of hip fracture patients had similar 30-day mortality.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.