bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of micro-computed tomography for the non-destructive study of eye microstructure in snails
Authors: Sumner-Rooney Lauren , Kenny Nathan J. , Ahmed Farah , Williams Suzanne T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMolluscan eyes exhibit an enormous range of morphological variation, ranging from tiny pigment-cup eyes in limpets, compound eyes in ark clams and pinhole eyes inNautilus, through to concave mirror eyes in scallops and the large camera-type eyes of the more derived cephalopods. Here we assess the potential of non-destructive micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) for investigating the anatomy of molluscan eyes in three species of the family Solariellidae, a group of small, deep-sea gastropods. We compare our results directly with those from traditional histological methods applied to the same specimens, and show not only that eye microstructure can be visualised in sufficient detail for meaningful comparison even in very small animals, but also that μ-CT can provide additional insight into gross neuroanatomy without damaging rare and precious specimens. Data from μ-CT scans also show that neurological innervation of eyes is reduced in dark-adapted snails when compared with the innervation of cephalic tentacles, which are involved in mechanoreception and possibly chemoreception. Molecular tests also show that the use of µ-CT and phosphotungstic acid stain do not prevent successful downstream DNA extraction, PCR amplification or sequencing. The use of µ-CT methods is therefore highly recommended for the investigation of difficult-to-collect or unique specimens.
Effects of an imposed axial flow on a Ferrofluidic Taylor-Couette flow
Authors: Altmeyer Sebastian , Do Younghae 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the effects of an externally imposed axial mass flux (axial pressure gradient, axial through flow) on ferrofluidic Taylor-Couette flow under the influence of either an axial or a transverse magnetic field. Without an imposed axial through flow, due to the symmetry-conserving axial field and the symmetry-breaking transverse field, it gives rise to various vortex flows in ferrofluidic Taylor-Couette flow such as wavy Taylor vortex flow (wTVF), wavy spiral vortex flow (wSPI) and wavy vortex flows ($${\boldsymbol{wTV}}{{\boldsymbol{F}}}_{{{\boldsymbol{H}}}_{{\boldsymbol{x}}}}$$
wTV

F

H

x

and $${\boldsymbol{wSP}}{{\boldsymbol{I}}}_{{{\boldsymbol{H}}}_{{\boldsymbol{x}}}}$$
wSP

I

H

x

), which are typically produced by a nonlinear interaction of rotational, shear and magnetic instabilities. In addition, when an axial through flow is imposed to a ferrofluidic Taylor-Couette flow in the presence of either an axial or a transverse magnetic field, previously unknown new helical vortex structures are observed. In particular, we uncover ‘modulated Mixed-Cross-Spirals’ with a combination of at least three different dominant azimuthal wavenumbers. Emergence of such new flow states indicates richer but potentially more controllable dynamics in ferrofluidic flows, i.e., an imposed axial through flow will be a new controllable factor/parameter in applications of a ferrofluidic and magnetic flows flow.
The earliest cut marks of Europe: a discussion on hominin subsistence patterns in the Orce sites (Baza basin, SE Spain)
Authors: Espigares M. Patrocinio , Palmqvist Paul , Guerra-Merchán Antonio , Ros-Montoya Sergio , García-Aguilar José Manuel , Rodríguez-Gómez Guillermo , Serrano Francisco J. , Martínez-Navarro Bienvenido 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAncient evidence of human presence in Europe is recorded in several Early Pleistocene archaeopalaeontological sites from Spain, France and Italy. This is the case of Barranco León (BL) and Fuente Nueva-3 (FN-3), two localities placed near the town of Orce (depression of Baza and Guadix, SE Spain) and dated to ~1.4 Ma. At these sites, huge assemblages of Oldowan tools and evidence of defleshing, butchering and marrow processing of large mammal bones have been recovered together with a deciduous tooth ofHomosp. in the case of level BL-D. In this study, we: (i) describe in detail the anthropic marks found in the bone assemblages from these sites; (ii) analyse patterns of defleshment, butchery and marrow processing, based on the modifications identified in the cortical surface of the fossils; and (iii) discuss on the subsistence strategies of the first hominins that inhabited the European subcontinent during Early Pleistocene times.
Broad and Efficient Control of Klebsiella Pathogens by Peptidoglycan-Degrading and Pore-Forming Bacteriocins Klebicins
Authors: Denkovskienė Erna , Paškevičius Šarūnas , Misiūnas Audrius , Stočkūnaitė Benita , Starkevič Urtė , Vitkauskienė Astra , Hahn-Löbmann Simone , Schulz Steve , Giritch Anatoli , Gleba Yuri , Ražanskienė Aušra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGram-negative bacteria belonging to the genus Klebsiella are important nosocomial pathogens, readily acquiring resistance to all known antibiotics. Bacteriocins, non-antibiotic antibacterial proteins, have been earlier proposed as potential therapeutic agents for control of other Gram-negative species such as Escherichia, Pseudomonas and Salmonella. This study is the first report describing pore-forming and peptidoglycan-degrading bacteriocins klebicins from Klebsiella. We have identified, cloned, expressed in plants and characterized nine pore-forming and peptidoglycan-degrading bacteriocins from different Klebsiella species. We demonstrate that klebicins can be used for broad and efficient control of 101 of the 107 clinical isolates representing five Klebsiella species, including multi-drug resistant pathovars and pathovars resistant to carbapenem antibiotics.
Macroorganisation and flexibility of thylakoid membranes
Authors: Lambrev Petar H. , Akhtar Parveen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis are hosted and regulated by the chloroplast thylakoid membrane (TM) — the central structural component of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and algae. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional arrangement of the lipid–protein assemblies, aka macroorganisation, and its dynamic responses to the fluctuating physiological environment, aka flexibility, are the subject of this review. An emphasis is given on the information obtainable by spectroscopic approaches, especially circular dichroism (CD). We briefly summarise the current knowledge of the composition and three-dimensional architecture of the granal TMs in plants and the supramolecular organisation of Photosystem II and light-harvesting complex II therein. We next acquaint the non-specialist reader with the fundamentals of CD spectroscopy, recent advances such as anisotropic CD, and applications for studying the structure and macroorganisation of photosynthetic complexes and membranes. Special attention is given to the structural and functional flexibility of light-harvesting complex II in vitro as revealed by CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. We give an account of the dynamic changes in membrane macroorganisation associated with the light-adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and the regulation of the excitation energy flow by state transitions and non-photochemical quenching.
Occupation as a Proxy for Job Exposures? Routine Data Analysis Using
the Example of Rehabilitation
Authors: Brünger Martin , Bernert Sebastian , Spyra Karla 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aim of the study Job exposures are associated with health-related
outcomes including sick leave and reduction in earning capacity. Rehabilitation
of persons in working age aims primarily to secure or restore work capacity.
Information concerning job exposures is, however, not directly available in
routine data of healthcare payers. Since exposures relate to specific
occupations and the current occupation is part of routine data, job exposures
may be determined indirectly via job-exposure matrices (JEM). The aim of the
study is to describe the possibilities and challenges of the representation of
job exposures by the occupation according to routine data using the example of
rehabilitation.
Methods The Scientific Use File ‘SUFRSDLV15B’ of the
German Pension Insurance was analysed. We used data from
n=1 242 171 persons in work with at least one completed
medical rehabilitation between 2008 and 2015 (dataset 1). The occupation is
coded according to KldB 88 or KldB 2010 (German Classification of Occupations).
In addition, data from a nationwide survey with 2530 rehabilitation patients was
available (dataset 2). Job exposures are operationalized by the Job Exposure
Index via JEM. The relationship to the return-to-work prognosis at the end of
rehabilitation (dataset 1) and to patient reported outcome measures (dataset 2)
is described.
Results Information concerning the occupation is available for about
91% of rehabilitation measures of employed patients for the year prior
to rehabilitation. At high levels of job exposures, the proportion of persons
with a predicted working capacity in the last job of fewer than 3 h per
day increased by a factor of 4 compared to low-level job exposures (23.5 vs.
6.1%). On the other hand, there is a low association only to reduced
working capacity in the general labour market (2.9 vs. 2.4%). High-level
job exposures are associated with self-reported, work-related impairments.
Conclusion The Job Exposure Index may offer a valid approach to depict
occupation-related exposures. The index can be used in the analysis of routine
data of the pension insurance and other social security funds, as well as in the
linkage of individual assessment data with routine data containing the
occupation, without any additional data collection effort. Due to its
construction based on job classifications, it will not replace the assessment of
individual burdens.
Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric C–H Borylation Enabled by Chiral Bidentate Boryl Ligands
Authors: Shi Yongjia , Gao Qian , Xu Senmiao 
Published: October 2019

Asymmetric synthesis of optically pure organoboron compounds is a topic that has received a number of attentions owing to their particular importance in synthetic chemistry and drug discovery. We herein highlight recent advances in the iridium-catalyzed C–H borylation of diarylmethylamines and cyclopropanes enabled by chiral bidentate boryl ligands.1	Introduction2	Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric C(sp2)–H Borylation of Diarylmethylamines3	Ir-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)–H Borylation of Cyclopropanes4	Conclusion
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathophysiology of Lung Disease
Authors: Bergeron Christelle , Cantin André M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a common, life-threatening, multisystemic, autosomal recessive disorder. In the last few years, giant steps have been made with regard to the understanding of CF pathophysiology, allowing the scientific community to propose mechanisms that cause the myriad of CF clinical manifestations. Following the discovery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene in 1989, the structure and function of the CFTR protein were described. Since then, more than 2,000 variants of the CFTR gene and their impact on the amount and function of the CFTR protein have been reported. The role of the CFTR protein as an ion channel transporting chloride and bicarbonate and its repercussions on different epithelial cell-lined organs and mucus are now better understood. Mechanisms behind susceptibility to infection in CF have also been proposed and include abnormalities in the composition, volume and acidity of the airway surface liquid, changes in the submucosal gland's anatomy and function, and deficiencies in the mucociliary clearance system. Numerous hypotheses explaining the excessive inflammatory response in CF are also debated and involve impaired mucociliary clearance, persistent hypoxia, lipid abnormalities, protease and antiprotease disproportion, and oxidant and antioxidant imbalance. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge of CF pathophysiology, including significant historic discoveries and most recent breakthroughs, and to improve understanding and awareness of this fatal disease.
Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Disease in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Gabel Megan E. , Galante Gary J. , Freedman Steven D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a multiorgan disease, and gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations can contribute to significant morbidity and mortality for individuals with CF. Up to 85% of patients with CF experience GI symptoms, thus addressing the GI aspects of this disease is paramount. With the advent of highly effective CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators that are increasingly available, many individuals with CF now have significantly improved life expectancy. With these advances, GI manifestations that can be a detriment to quality of life such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, dysbiosis, and chronic abdominal pain have become a priority for patients and caregivers. In addition, as individuals have increased longevity, it has become essential for care providers to be aware of topics such as hepatobiliary disease and colorectal cancer screening. An understanding of the wide scope of GI manifestations in CF can enable providers to optimize the overall health and well-being of their patients. In this review, we aim to provide an up-to-date overview of key aspects of GI and hepatic disease in CF.
Treating the Airway Consequences of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Dysfunction
Authors: Toprak Demet , Davis Chelsea , Rosenfeld Margaret 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn cystic fibrosis (CF), absent or dysfunctional CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) on the surface of airway epithelial cells causes abnormal mucociliary clearance, leading to chronic endobronchial infection and inflammation, in turn resulting in life-shortening progressive obstructive lung disease and structural airway damage. Fortunately, CF-specific therapies have been developed that improve lung function and reduce pulmonary exacerbations, contributing significantly to improved survival over the past 4 decades. Therapies not originally developed for CF, such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids, are also widely used by people living with CF. Therapies to be reviewed in this article include mucolytics, airway surface liquid hydrators, anti-inflammatory medications, bronchodilators, inhaled and oral antibiotics, and airway clearance techniques. Determining which therapies to utilize can be challenging, as there is variable evidence for each treatment, differing national guidelines, few head-to-head studies, potential for drug–drug interactions, and synergistic toxicities, as well as issues with burden of care. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of action and available evidence, and compare national guidelines for each major medication used to treat the airway consequences of CFTR dysfunction.
Midline Suboccipital Subtonsillar Approach with C1 Laminectomy for Resection of Foramen Magnum Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Lieber Stefan , Nunez Maximiliano , Evangelista-Zamora Rocio , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a case of a medium-sized foramen magnum meningioma that was resected through a midline suboccipital subtonsillar approach with C1 laminectomy in prone (Concorde) position. The patient is a 77-year-old woman with a 6-month history of intermittent vertigo, moderate gait instability, and slight decline of memory.On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) an extra-axial intradural lesion was discovered that originated from the right epicondylar region just inferior to the jugular tubercle and occupied the anterolateral aspect of the foramen magnum. There was moderate transposition and compression of the medulla at the level of the cerebellar tonsils.On physical examination the patient was ambulatory independently without motor weakness but exhibited some gait instability. The function of the lower cranial nerves was preserved.A gross-total resection was achieved, histopathology confirmed a WHO grade-I meningothelial meningioma with a low-proliferation index. The patient was discharged home 5 days after surgery, her gait instability improved significantly immediately after surgery and had resolved completely after 2 weeks of inpatient rehabilitation. There was no other neurological deficit. At 3-month follow-up MRI, there was no indication of meningioma residual or recurrence.In summary, the midline suboccipital subtonsillar approach is a powerful tool with limited morbidity in the armamentarium for the microsurgical management of a variety of pathologies residing in the posterior cranial fossa and the craniocervical junction. Oftentimes the space created by the pathology opens up corridors that can be exploited for microsurgical access to avoid more extensive surgical approaches.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/0uUxs13ze7w.
Resection of a Neuroenteric Cyst Using a Far Lateral Approach
Authors: Gozal Yair M. , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , DiNapoli Vincent A. , Ringer Andrew J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis operative video highlights a rare case of a neuroenteric cyst at the ventral craniocervical junction. The case involved a 30-year-old man who initially presented 13 years earlier with acute onset of headache and visual changes. At that time, he was found to have a small, enhancing ventral intradural extramedullary mass at the rostral aspect of C1 thought to be a meningioma. The lesion was managed conservatively, and surveillance imaging tracked its slow progressive enlargement to a size of 1.4 cm (Fig. 1A, B). Although he remained asymptomatic, nonurgent elective resection was recommended because of his age and mass progression. The patient underwent a left far lateral approach to the craniocervical junction for resection of the mass. This involved dissection of the suboccipital musculature to expose the C1 transverse process in the suboccipital triangle and ultimately the vertebral artery. After a small craniectomy and C1 hemilaminectomy, the dura was opened and a cystic lesion encountered (Fig. 2). The cystic contents were debulked and the capsule resected. Histopathologic examination revealed abundant goblet cells consistent with a neuroenteric cyst. Dural closure was bolstered with fascia lata and autologous fat graft. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with gross total resection (Fig. 1C, D). The patient tolerated the procedure well with no new postoperative neurological deficits and was discharged home on postoperative day 2. On completing a 3-day decadron taper, he developed steroid-responsive symptoms consistent with aseptic meningitis, possibly related to cerebrospinal fluid contamination with the cyst contents during resection.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/SskETPe5PXQ.
Conceptualization of containment in Chinese
Authors: Su Hung-Kuan , Chen Alvin Cheng-Hsien 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the semantic variations of three near-synonymous space particle constructions of
containment in Chinese: [zài NP lǐ/nèi/zhōng]. While previous work has mostly applied
qualitative analyses of the semantic differences between these particles, this study presents a corpus-based analysis examining
the relationship between space particles and their co-occurring landmarks in the locative construction. Two quantitative analyses
were conducted: a multiple distinctive collexeme analysis and a post-hoc semantic analysis. Our results suggest the following.
First, lǐ is a more unmarked particle in encoding containment, co-occurring with both canonical landmarks and a
wider range of entities. Second, nèi shows a strong preference for landmarks denoting temporal concepts; this
metaphorical use often implies a preplanned objective in the proposition, with the landmark as an intended deadline. Finally,
zhōng shows a strong connection to landmarks denoting high-dynamicity events. This extended use often comes
with a marked aspectual reading of the landmark.
Acceptability of Technological Solutions for Overdose Monitoring: Perspectives of People who use Drugs
Authors: Tsang V. W. L. , Papamihali K. , Crabtree A. , Buxton J. A. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction Rising overdose deaths are a devastating problem across the United States and Canada. Despite the availability of observed consumption sites in British Columbia (BC), data suggest people who use drugs (PWUD) alone in private residences are most at risk of overdose death. These individuals may not use consumption sites due to fear of stigmatization, lack of privacy, or personal preference. It is this population that would benefit from overdose monitoring alternatives. Methods This 2018 study employed two sources of data. (1) A provincial harm reduction distribution site client survey administered at 27 sites across BC asked about cell phone possession and functionality. (2) Structured interviews with PWUD in Vancouver gathered perspectives regarding monitoring devices and alerting systems. Results The client survey was administered to 486 individuals. Among 443 respondents, 48% ( n = 212) owned a cellphone and 68% ( n = 115) of individuals with a cellphone with access to internet ( n = 168) would use an application to mitigate opioid-related overdose deaths. Thirty qualitative interviews were performed; thematic analysis of the responses identified three major themes – safety, public versus private drug use, and technological monitoring and function. The relevance of technological devices was affected by the inconsistent availability of cellphones, concerns about anonymity, as well as personal comfort while using drugs. Conclusions Technological applications may not be suitable for clients with transient lifestyles, no permanent home, and lack of consistent access to a mobile device. Thorough needs assessments, considerations of lifestyle limitations, and understanding perceptions around cellphone and overdose monitoring can increase the potential that devices will be used. Highlights • 45% ( n = 219) of client survey respondents owned a cellphone • Out of cellphone owners, 59% ( n = 102) of client survey respondents had access to internet • Of 168 with internet access, 68% willing to use any applications for overdose response • Applications not suitable for transient lifestyles, no permanent home, and lack of consistent access to cellphone
Quantum state transfer via acoustic edge states in a 2D optomechanical array
Authors: Lemonde Marc-Antoine , Peano Vittorio , Rabl Peter , Angelakis Dimitris G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We propose a novel hybrid platform where solid-state spin qubits are coupled to the acoustic modes of a two-dimensional array of optomechanical (OM) nano cavities. Previous studies of coupled OM cavities have shown that in the presence of strong optical driving fields, the interplay between the photon-phonon interaction and their respective inter-cavity hopping allows the generation of topological phases of sound and light. In particular, the mechanical modes can enter a Chern insulator phase where the time-reversal symmetry is broken. In this context, we exploit the robust acoustic edge states as a chiral phononic waveguide and describe a state transfer protocol between spin qubits located in distant cavities. We analyze the performance of this protocol as a function of the relevant system parameters and show that a high-fidelity and purely unidirectional quantum state transfer can be implemented under experimentally realistic conditions. As a specific example, we discuss the implementation of such topological quantum networks in diamond based OM crystals where point defects such as silicon-vacancy centers couple to the chiral acoustic channel via strain.