bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faecal microbiota transplantation and the patient experience: A systematic review
Authors: Guilfoyle Jessica , Considine Julie , Bouchoucha Stéphane L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo review and synthesise the literature examining the patients' experience of faecal microbiota transplantation.BackgroundFaecal microbiota transplantation is a common treatment for many conditions, including Clostridium Difficile infections. Patients' experience of treatments is an important influence on clinical decision‐making and treatment adherence.DesignThe PRISMA guidelines guided this systematic review. The review was registered with PROSPERO [CRD42020140446].MethodA search of Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline and Embase was conducted for studies published in English and French up to June 2020. Risk of bias was examined using Critical Appraisal Skills Program tools, and quality appraisal was performed independently by three reviewers. Primary outcome of interest was the patient experience of faecal microbiota transplantation. Data were synthesised using a narrative approach.ResultsThe search identified 3316 citations, and 12 studies were included. Methodological quality of studies was moderate to low quality. Few studies have accurately explored the patients' experience of faecal microbiota transplantation: most focus on clinical outcomes or hypothetical scenarios regarding the patients' perspectives of faecal microbiota transplantation. Only one study was identified where the sole focus was the patients' experience of faecal microbiota transplantation. Patient's experience of faecal microbiota transplantation was diverse and complex with physiological and psychological components dependent on the patient's medical condition, the administration method and the efficacy.ConclusionPatients did not find faecal microbiota transplantation unappealing; however, patients equally reported the procedural experience was unpleasant. Limited results and low quality evidence suggest that further evaluation of the patient experience of faecal microbiota transplantation would be beneficial.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentifying the patients' experience of faecal microbiota transplantation may inform recommendations regarding alternate treatment therapies and enable opportunities to provide quality care for patients that require faecal microbiota transplantation.
End‐of‐life care for children with complex congenital heart disease: Parents' and medical care givers' perceptions
Authors: Agosto Caterina , Benedetti Francesca , De Tommasi Valentina , Milanesi Ornella , Stellin Giovanni , Padalino Massimo A , Benini Franca 
Published: December 2020

AimIn complex congenital heart diseases (CHD), patients may remain affected by significant morbidity and mortality after surgery. We analysed the end‐of‐life (EoL) care in children with severe CHD who died in our institution and investigated perspectives of parents and health‐care professionals (HCPs).MethodsMedical records of all children (age < 18 years old) affected by a severe CHD who died in a tertiary cardiac care centre were reviewed. Subsequently, a cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study of parents and HCPs of children involved in the study was designed.ResultsIn total, 30 children died (median age: 45 days; range: 15 days to 3.4 years). Of them, 97% (31/32) died in an intensive care unit setting and were intubated and sedated at EoL. A total of 77% (23/30) died without parents being present at bedside. Eighteen families and 10 HCPs were interviewed. For 61% of the parents (11/18) and 70% of the clinicians (7/10), the goal of therapy at the EoL was ‘to lessen your child's suffering as much as possible’. Overall, 44% of parents (8/18) and 50% of HCPs recognised that their child had no chance of survival ‘a few days before the child died’.ConclusionsWe believe that these data suggest an unconscious reluctance to change goals of care in EoL, shifting from intensive care to comfort and quality of life.
Detection of voluntary dehydration in paediatric populations using non‐invasive point‐of‐care saliva and urine testing
Authors: Faidah Nur , Soraya Gita V , Erlichster Michael , Natzir Rosdiana , Chana Gursharan , Skafidas Efstratios , Hardjo Marhaen , Ganda Idham J , Bahar Burhanuddin 
Published: December 2020

AimVoluntary dehydration, or lack of fluid intake despite water availability, is common in otherwise healthy children, and can lead to adverse effects. Most dehydration biomarkers are impractical for routine assessment in paediatric populations. This study aimed to assess two non‐invasive hydration assessment tools, urine specific gravity (USG) and a novel point‐of‐care (POC) salivary osmolarity (SOSM) sensor, in healthy children.MethodsVolunteers were tested by colorimetric USG and a handheld SOSM system. Observed values were compared against previous studies to determine hydration status, as was the concordance between parameters.ResultsAt the common USG threshold of 1.020, 42.4% of the 139 healthy children were dehydrated. The same prevalence was found using the 70‐mOSM cut‐off value. Comparative analysis of SOSM at varying USG thresholds demonstrated significantly higher SOSM in dehydrated children with a USG ≥ 1.030 (P = 0.002).ConclusionAt the USG threshold of 1.020 and SOSM threshold of 70 mOSM, 42.4% of healthy children were found to be voluntarily dehydrated. Significantly higher SOSM was observed in dehydrated children (USG ≥ 1.030). As the first study on the utility of POC SOSM measurements for detecting dehydration, these results provide a foundation for future POC characterisation of SOSM in other populations and clinical contexts.
Digital nationalism: Understanding the role of digital media in the rise of ‘new’ nationalism
Authors: Mihelj Sabina , Jiménez‐Martínez César 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile digital technologies were initially seen as harbingers of globalisation and cosmopolitanism, scholars increasingly acknowledge their role in the rise of nationalism and right‐wing populism. Yet this surge of interest leaves at least two important questions unanswered. Where was nationalism before its apparent resurgence? Are contemporary forms of nationalism different from their predecessors, and can these changes be linked to digital technologies? To answer these questions, we argue for the importance of understanding the less visible ways in which digital technologies reproduce our sense of belonging to a world of nations. We discuss three such mechanisms: the architecture of internet domains, the bias of algorithms and the formation of national digital ecosystems. Next, we examine three characteristics of contemporary nationalism that can be partly linked to recent shifts in the global communication ecology: diversification, fragmentation and commodification. We conclude by considering the implications of our arguments for future research in the field.
Normal acid exposure time in esophageal pH monitoring in Asian and Western populations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Seung Young , Jung Hye‐Kyung , Lee Hye Ah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal acid exposure time (AET) during 24 h pH monitoring is reproducible and predictive outcomes of treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Several small Asian studies have investigated the normal range of the AET; the range may be different from that in Western populations. We evaluated its normal range in healthy Asian compared to Western subjects.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed for studies that reported pH monitoring parameters in healthy subjects. Studies that reported the AET values of healthy subjects were eligible for the analyses. The upper limit of normal of the AET was obtained from the 95th percentile of the available raw data or calculated as the mean value +2 standard deviations.Key ResultsNineteen Asian and 49 Western studies were assessed. The estimated AET values were analyzed using a bootstrapping technique, weighted according to the sample size. The mean AET was 1.1% and 2.9% in the Asian and Western populations, respectively. The upper limit of the reference range was 3.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7–3.9%) and 8.2 (95% CI, 6.7–9.9) in the Asian and Western populations, respectively. The normal AET differed between the Asian and Western populations because the CI of the two groups did not overlap.Conclusions & InferencesThe upper limit of normal of the AET in healthy Asian subjects was 3.2% (95% CI, 2.7–3.9%), which was lower than that of healthy Western subjects.
The bitter tastant denatonium benzoate has no influence on the number of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations in health
Authors: Geysen Hannelore , Geeraerts Annelies , Verbeure Wout , Vanuytsel Tim , Tack Jan , Pauwels Ans 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdministration of a bitter compound can alter the intragastric pressure (IGP) after a meal. Additionally, a negative correlation between IGP and the number of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) has been demonstrated. However, the effect of a bitter tastant on the number of TLESRs and subsequent reflux episodes has never been investigated and it is unclear whether bitter food items should be avoided in gastro‐esophageal reflux disease. We hypothesize that bitter administration in healthy volunteers (HVs) will lead to an increase in the number of TLESRs.MethodsAfter an overnight fast, 20 female HVs (36 years [21–63]) underwent a high‐resolution impedance manometry (HRiM) measurement. After placement of the HRiM probe, 0.1 ml/kg of a 10 mM denatonium benzoate solution (bitter) or an identical volume of water (placebo) was administered directly into the stomach. The number of TLESRs and reflux episodes was quantified 30 min before and 2 h after consumption of a high caloric meal.Key ResultsThere was no significant difference in the number of TLESRs or reflux episodes between the bitter and placebo condition. Additionally, no differences were observed in the nature (gas or liquid) and extent of reflux events. Lower esophageal sphincter pressures dropped significantly in the first postprandial hour to start recovering slowly back to baseline values during the second postprandial hour (p < 0.0001), without any difference between both conditions.Conclusions & InterferencesAdministration of the bitter tastant denatonium benzoate has no influence on the number of TLESRs or reflux episodes.
Is autogenous iliac crest bone graft a good alternative for rehabilitation in cases of large Odontogenic myxoma? Case Report with a 5‐year follow‐up
Authors: Santana Lucas , Pinto Coelho Rodrigo , de Oliveira Eduardo , Henrique Lima Luciano , Paula Viana Ana , Aguiar Evandro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOdontogenic myxoma is a mesenchymal odontogenic tumor that is aggressive and locally invasive. Recurrence rates in jaws are high, mainly by the absence of epithelial coating that allows infiltration in surrounding bone, which makes it difficult for total removal. Consequently, the treatment is rather challenging and rehabilitation options are controversial, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. In most cases, autogenous bone grafts or vascularized flaps are performed as adequate tissue reconstruction and to allow implant placement. Here, we report a case of satisfactory post‐resection of extensive odontogenic myxoma using autogenous iliac crest bone and synthetic grafts, implant placement, and fabrication of implant‐supported prosthesis.
Just or Unjust? How Ideological Beliefs Shape Street‐Level Bureaucrats’ Perceptions of Administrative Burden
Authors: Bell Elizabeth , Ter‐Mkrtchyan Ani , Wehde Wesley , Smith Kylie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExisting research finds that increases in administrative burden reduce client access, political efficacy, and equity. However, extant literature has yet to investigate how administrative burden policies are interpreted by street‐level bureaucrats (SLB), whose values and beliefs structure uses of discretion and client experiences of programs. In this article, we utilize quantitative and qualitative data to examine SLB policy preferences regarding administrative burden in Oklahoma's Promise—a means‐tested college access program. Our findings demonstrate that SLB in our sample interpret administrative burden policies through the lens of political ideology. Conservative SLB express significantly more support for administrative burden policies, arguing that these policies prevent fraud and demonstrate client deservingness. In contrast, predominantly liberal SLB justify opposition to administrative burden by arguing that the requirements undermine social equity. Together, our findings reveal that SLB political ideology shapes interpretations of administrative burden and perceptions of client deservingness in Oklahoma's Promise.
Salmon oil supplementation in dogs affects the blood flow of testicular arteries
Authors: Santos Marcelo Carvalho , Milani Chiara , Zucchini Paolo , Quirino Celia Raquel , Romagnoli Stefano , da Cunha Isabel Candia Nunes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe administration of fish oils is known to cause changes in several reproductive parameters of domestic animals. The ingestion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the omega‐3 family, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has been described and correlated with changes in the semen quality, testosterone levels and male fertility. Nevertheless, few studies monitored and registered effects after ceasing supplementation. In the present study, we monitored the Doppler velocimetric and ultrasonographic parameters of nine dogs' testis for 90 days (D90) checking the effect of salmon oil supplementation, and monitoring continued for 60 days more, after ceasing supplementation (D150). Ultrasonographic evaluations comprised determining the Doppler velocimetric parameters, testicular and epididymal volume, and testicular echotexture. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) as well as final diastolic velocity (EDV) in the supratesticular arteries (STA), and marginal artery (MA) increased during the period of treatment and kept that level up to D150. There was no difference between the fish‐oil supplementation period and the unsupplemented one regarding the testicular and epididymal volume and echogenicity and heterogeneity characteristics. A negative correlation was found between heterogeneity of testis and sperm production (r = −.41, p = .008). Doppler velocimetry indices were affected by the supplementation, leading to an increase in testicular blood flow.
Incorporating psychopathology into the interpersonal‐psychological theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS)
Authors: Batterham Philip J. , Calear Alison L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe interpersonal‐psychological theory of suicidal behavior (IPTS) posits that the joint presence of perceived burdensomeness (PB), thwarted belongingness (TB), and capability for suicide (CS) is necessary for suicide attempt. Emerging evidence demonstrates these effects are not consistently observed. Psychopathology may independently impact on the explanatory power of the IPTS constructs.AimsThe aims of the current study were to assess whether the inclusion of psychopathology indicators into the IPTS explains additional variance in recent suicide attempt and to assess the relative influence of interpersonal‐psychological constructs versus mental illness on suicide attempt.MethodAustralian adults (N = 1,323; 77% female) who reported suicidal ideation in the past year were recruited using social media advertising to complete an online cross‐sectional survey.ResultsNone of the predicted IPTS interactions was significantly associated with recent suicide attempt, although PB and CS had significant independent associations. The addition of psychopathology indicators to the IPTS model explained significant additional variation in suicide attempt (18% vs. 14%).ConclusionsThe influence of psychopathology on suicide attempt may be insufficiently explained by interpersonal‐psychological constructs. The IPTS may have greater explanatory power to identify transitions from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt after accounting for mental illness.
Nationalization and Its Consequences for State Legislatures
Authors: Burke Richard 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveI theorize that as nationalization increases, state legislatures will take less legislative actions related to local topics and take more legislative actions on divisive, national issues.MethodTo measure nationalization I use election data as well as data on mass partisanship in a state. To measure a state's legislative agenda, I use data on legislative actions collected from LexisNexis. For my statistical analysis, I use two‐way linear fixed effects regression.ResultsI find that as nationalization increases, legislatures take less legislative actions pertaining to education, transportation, and localities. I also find that as nationalization increases, Republican‐controlled states increase the number of legislative actions related to abortion.ConclusionTaken together, the article provides evidence that nationalization delocalizes the agenda and places on the agenda issues associated with the national partisan conflict.
Phospholipase D‐ and phosphatidic acid‐mediated phospholipid metabolism and signaling modulate symbiotic interaction and nodulation in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Zhang Gaoyang , Yang Jihong , Chen Xiangli , Zhao Dandan , Zhou Xiuhong , Zhang Yuliang , Wang Xuemin , Zhao Jian 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYSymbiotic rhizobium–legume interactions, such as root hair curling, rhizobial invasion, infection thread expansion, cell division and proliferation of nitrogen‐fixing bacteroids, and nodule formation, involve extensive membrane synthesis, lipid remodeling and cytoskeleton dynamics. However, little is known about these membrane–cytoskeleton interfaces and related genes. Here, we report the roles of a major root phospholipase D (PLD), PLDα1, and its enzymatic product, phosphatidic acid (PA), in rhizobium–root interaction and nodulation. PLDα1 was activated and the PA content transiently increased in roots after rhizobial infection. Levels of PLDα1 transcript and PA, as well as actin and tubulin cytoskeleton‐related gene expression, changed markedly during root–rhizobium interactions and nodule development. Pre‐treatment of the roots of soybean seedlings with n‐butanol suppressed the generation of PLD‐derived PA, the expression of early nodulation genes and nodule numbers. Overexpression or knockdown of GmPLDα1 resulted in changes in PA levels, glycerolipid profiles, nodule numbers, actin cytoskeleton dynamics, early nodulation gene expression and hormone levels upon rhizobial infection compared with GUS roots. The transcript levels of cytoskeleton‐related genes, such as GmACTIN, GmTUBULIN, actin capping protein 1 (GmCP1) and microtubule‐associating protein (GmMAP1), were modified in GmPLDα1‐altered hairy roots compared with those of GUS roots. Phosphatidic acid physically bound to GmCP1 and GmMAP1, which could be related to cytoskeletal changes in rhizobium‐infected GmPLDα1 mutant roots. These data suggest that PLDα1 and PA play important roles in soybean–rhizobium interaction and nodulation. The possible underlying mechanisms, including PLDα1‐ and PA‐mediated lipid signaling, membrane remodeling, cytoskeleton dynamics and related hormone signaling, are discussed herein.
Efficacy and safety of skin grafting in treatment of vasculitic ulcer and pyoderma gangrenosum—A systematic review
Authors: Morgenstjerne‐Schwenck Liv E. T. , Knudsen Jane T. , Prasad Sumangali C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChronic painful ulcers caused by pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and cutaneous vasculitis remain to be a therapeutic challenge. Skin grafts have been used with success in selected cases but are generally avoided due to the fear of pathergy. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of skin grafting in the treatment of primary vasculitic ulcer (PVU) and PG. MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrial.gov, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) were searched from inception to March 2020. A search for grey literature was conducted in May 2020. We included studies assessing the efficacy and safety of skin grafting in the treatment of PG and PVU. Studies were only included if skin grafting was performed after establishment of PG or PVU diagnosis. A total of 721 articles was identified through the database search of which 92 were included in this study. Ten articles were identified by handsearching the reference list of included studies. Finally, 102 articles describing 212 wounds in 153 patients were included. Complete healing was found in 75.5% of the wounds. The average time to complete was 10.8 weeks (95% CI 6.1‐15.6). The mean donor site healing time was 1.9 weeks (95% CI 0.52‐3.20). Pathergy was reported in 8 (5.2%) patients. One patient had severe infection related to skin grafting. A statistically significant difference in the number of patients receiving preoperative (P = .0079) and postoperative (P = .002) immunosuppressive therapy was found between the groups with complete healing/reduction and no improvement/aggravation. This systematic review finds the current evidence on efficacy and safety of skin grafting in treatment of PG and PVU to be promising but limited to the size and lack of studies superior to case reports and case series. Future placebo‐controlled trials are required to draw a stronger conclusion.
Older Adults’ Experiences With the Visual Physio-Feedback Technology and Peer-Led Combined Group and Home-Based Exercises
Authors: Thiamwong Ladda 
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to explore older adults’ experience with an in-home Physio-feEdback and Exercise pRogram and explore whether the Physio-feEdback and Exercise pRogram intervention influenced their physical activity adherence. A qualitative study approach was employed, and data were collected using exercise logs, observations, focus groups, and open-ended questions after the program completion. Nineteen participants who engaged in an 8-week Physio-feEdback and Exercise pRogram intervention participated in this study. Thematic analysis was used. Three major concepts of the self-determination theory, including competence, relatedness, and autonomy, were used as guidelines for coding. Results reveal three themes, including: (a) competence-alignment of body and mind and increased awareness about fall risk, (b) relatedness-relationship with peer coach and having fun with friends, and (c) autonomy-integration of exercise into daily activities for staying physically and socially active. Individuals’ need for competence and autonomy can be supported by giving physio-feedback, cognitive reframing, and peer-led exercise, which can enhance physical activity and prevent falls.
Students’ Perceived Experiences of Competitive Activities Through Electronic Platforms
Authors: Bernstein Eve 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to understand students’ experiences through digital YouTube clips focusing on middle school competitive activities in physical education class. This study was guided by the transactional framework, which states that individuals and institutions, in this case students and competitive activities in physical education class, create certain transactions, and these transactions are shared. Twenty-six YouTube posts were examined. The data were analyzed using the constant comparative method to find patterns in the posting of students’ experiences of participating in these activities. Three major themes of the digital clips clearly emerged. These themes included (a) perceived skill level—the low-skilled student, the athlete, and the Olympian; (b) student demonstration of skills; and (c) teacher-directed experience. These findings suggest that students share transactions in both images and the spoken experiences they are having during competitive activities.