bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction and elevated liver stiffness in the Fontan circulation
Authors: Alsaied Tarek , Moore Ryan A , Lang Sean M , Truong Vien , Lubert Adam M , Veldtman Gruschen R , Averin Konstantin , Dillman Jonathan R , Trout Andrew T , Mazur Wojciech , Taylor Michael D , He Quan , Morales David LS , Redington Andrew N , Goldstein Bryan H 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionSingle ventricle diastolic dysfunction and hepatic fibrosis are frequently observed in patients with a Fontan circulation. The relationship between adverse haemodynamics and end-organ fibrosis has not been investigated in adolescents and young adults with Fontan circulation.MethodsProspective observational study of Fontan patients who had a cardiac catheterisation. Cardiac MRI with T1 mapping was obtained to measure extracellular volume (ECV), a marker of myocardial fibrosis. Hepatic magnetic resonance elastography was performed to assess liver shear stiffness. Serum biomarkers of fibrosis including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were measured. Very high ECV was defined as >30% and elevated serum biomarkers as >75th percentile for each biomarker.Results25 Fontan patients (52% female) with mean age of 16.3±6.8 years were included. Mean ECV was 28%±5%. There was a significant correlation between ECV and systemic ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r=0.42, p=0.03) and between ECV and liver stiffness (r=0.45, p=0.05). Patients with elevated ECV demonstrated elevations in MMPs and TIMPs. Similarly, patients with elevated MMPs and TIMPs had greater liver stiffness compared with patients with normal levels of these biomarkers.ConclusionsIn Fontan patients, cardiac magnetic resonance evidence of myocardial fibrosis is associated with diastolic dysfunction, increased liver stiffness and elevated circulating biomarkers of fibrosis. These findings suggest the presence of a profibrotic milieu, with end-organ implications, in some patients with Fontan circulation.
Probabilistic definition of the perturbative theoretical uncertainty from missing higher orders
Authors: Bonvini Marco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider the problem of quantifying the uncertainty on theoretical predictions based on perturbation theory due to missing higher orders. The most widely used approach, scale variation, is largely arbitrary and it has no probabilistic foundation, making it not suitable for robust data analysis. In 2011, Cacciari and Houdeau proposed a model based on a Bayesian approach to provide a probabilistic definition of the theory uncertainty from missing higher orders. In this work, we propose an improved version of the Cacciari–Houdeau model, that overcomes some limitations. In particular, it performs much better in case of perturbative expansions with large high-order contributions (as it often happens in QCD). In addition, we propose an alternative model based on the same idea of scale variation, which overcomes some of the shortcomings of the canonical approach, on top of providing a probabilistically-sound result. Moreover, we address the problem of the dependence of theoretical predictions on unphysical scales (such as the renormalization scale), and propose a solution to obtain a scale-independent result within the probabilistic framework. We validate these methods on expansions with known sums, and apply them to a number of physical observables in particle physics. We also investigate some variations, improvements and combinations of the models. We believe that these methods provide a powerful tool to reliably estimate theory uncertainty from missing higher orders that can be used in any physics analysis. The results of this work are easily accessible through a public code named .
A Particle Fuzzy Decisive Framework for Moving Target Detection in the Multichannel SAR Framework
Authors: Jaya Eppili , Krishna B. T. 
Published: October 2020

Target detection is one of the important subfields in the research of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). It faces several challenges, due to the stationary objects, leading to the presence of scatter signal. Many researchers have succeeded on target detection, and this work introduces an approach for moving target detection in SAR. The newly developed scheme named Adaptive Particle Fuzzy System for Moving Target Detection (APFS-MTD) as the scheme utilizes the particle swarm optimization (PSO), adaptive, and fuzzy linguistic rules in APFS for identifying the target location. Initially, the received signals from the SAR are fed through the Generalized Radon-Fourier Transform (GRFT), Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT), and matched filter to calculate the correlation using Ambiguity Function (AF). Then, the location of target is identified in the search space and is forwarded to the proposed APFS. The proposed APFS is the modification of standard Adaptive genetic fuzzy system using PSO. The performance of the MTD based on APFS is evaluated based on detection time, missed target rate, and Mean Square Error (MSE). The developed method achieves the minimal detection time of 4.13[Formula: see text]s, minimal MSE of 677.19, and the minimal moving target rate of 0.145, respectively.
Plasma-Synthesized Nanoparticles for Hybrid CNT/Nanoparticles Composites
Authors: Brunet Paul , McGlynn Ruairi James , Chakrabarti Supriya , Maguire Paul , Mariotti Davide 
Published: October 2020

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted a lot of attention due to their unique electrical, thermal and mechanical properties [1-3]. CNTs are also highly suitable to achieve multi-functional materials when combined with a range of nanoparticles (NPs)[4-6].
In this work, CNT macroscopic ribbon structures are synthesized using the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) approach, using Iron as a catalyst, sulfur to limit the iron growth and to enhance the growth rate of the CNTs and methane as a carbon precursor [7].
Plasma-induced non-equilibrium electrochemistry (PiNE) was then used to synthesize NiO QDs and subsequently spray coated them onto CNT ribbons. The PiNE process used a Ni foil as the anode and a nickel tube as the cathode powered by direct current supply (45 min, 2 kV, 5mA). The NiO QDs exhibited a diameter of 3nm and were spray coated onto the CNTs which had been pre-treated with HNO3 to remove the Fe catalysts. The CNT-NiO QDs composite were tested for H2 generation with promising results.
As the two-step process highlighted limitations in the NP loading, a second approach was devised, developed and tested for high loading with Zn-based NPs. An RF helium microplasma reactor was integrated in-line with the CNT synthesis set-up to produce CNT-NPs in one-step process. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of ZnO NPs with a good coverage of the CNT ribbons. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that up to 40% of Zn can be loaded on the CNT ribbons, which represents a substantial improvement towards energy storage applications.

References

1. Ebbesen, T.W., et al., Electrical conductivity of individual carbon nanotubes. Nature, 1996. 382(6586): p. 54-56.
2. Kim, P., et al., Thermal Transport Measurements of Individual Multiwalled Nanotubes. Physical Review Letters, 2001. 87(21): p. 215502.
3. Baughman, R.H., A.A. Zakhidov, and W.A. de Heer, Carbon Nanotubes--the Route Toward Applications. Science, 2002. 297(5582): p. 787.
4. Qiu, L., et al., Enhancing the interfacial interaction of carbon nanotubes fibers by Au nanoparticles with improved performance of the electrical and thermal conductivity. Carbon, 2019. 141: p. 497-505.
5. Chaudhary, D., et al., ZnO nanoparticles decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology a-Chemistry, 2018. 351: p. 154-161.
6. Roy, A., et al., NiO-CNT composite for high performance supercapacitor electrode and oxygen evolution reaction. Electrochimica Acta, 2018. 283: p. 327-337.
7. Hoecker, C., et al., The Dependence of CNT Aerogel Synthesis on Sulfur-driven Catalyst Nucleation Processes and a Critical Catalyst Particle Mass Concentration. Scientific Reports, 2017. 7(1): p. 14519.

Figure 1
Combination of Alcohol and EVOH as a New Embolic Agent: Midterm Tissue and Inflammatory Effects in a Swine Model
Authors: Hak Jean-François , Tradi Farouk , Bobot Mickael , Brige Pauline , Habert Paul , Chopinet Sophie , Haffner Aurélie , Soulez Gilles , Guillet Benjamin , Vidal Vincent 
Published: October 2020

Objective. To evaluate the vascular occlusion and midterm tissue toxicity properties of a combination of ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) (Squid 18®) (75%) and alcohol (25%)—Alco-Squid 18—in a swine model. Materials and Methods. Alco-Squid 18 (75% Squid 18® mixed with 25% alcohol) (AS18) was compared to embolization with 96% alcohol alone and to embolization with Squid 18® (S18®) alone. An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) model was created in group 1 (n = 2). Each AVM model was then embolized with AS18 or S18® alone with evaluation of a ratio between the volume of embolic agent divided by the volume of the AVM (evaluated by CT). For group 2 (n = 5), each agent was tested on three different kidneys (upper pole kidney artery). Pre- and postinterventional CTs, angiographies, blood alcohol content dosages, and histological studies (3 months postintervention) were performed. Results. AS18 has better distal distribution than S18® alone, both in the kidneys (mean capsule-S18® distance: 3.9 mm (±0.23) and mean capsule-AS18 distance: 2.3 mm (±0.11) (

p
=
0.029

) and in the AVM model. Histological exploration found a higher rate of tubular necrosis with AS18 compared with S18® alone and alcohol alone (3.78 ± 0.44 compared to 2.33 ± 1.22

p

=
0
.
012

and 1.22 ± 0.67

p

<
0

.
0001

). The blood alcohol content was negligible in all cases. Conclusion. AS18 can suggest a better distal sclerotic and embolic character as compared with S18® alone without systemic toxicity.
Exploiting Protein Translation Dependence in Multiple Myeloma with Omacetaxine-Based Therapy
Authors: Walker Zachary J. , Idler Beau M. , Davis Lorraine N. , Stevens Brett M. , VanWyngarden Michael J. , Ohlstrom Denis , Bearrows Shelby C. , Hammes Andrew , Smith Clayton A. , Jordan Craig T. , Mark Tomer M. , Forsberg Peter A. , Sherbenou Daniel W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose:The prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma who are resistant to proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD), and daratumumab is extremely poor. Even B-cell maturation antigen–specific chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies provide only a temporary benefit before patients succumb to their disease. In this article, we interrogate the unique sensitivity of multiple myeloma cells to the alternative strategy of blocking protein translation with omacetaxine.Experimental Design:We determined protein translation levels (n = 17) and sensitivity to omacetaxine (n = 51) of primary multiple myeloma patient samples. Synergy was evaluated between omacetaxine and IMiDs in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Underlying mechanism was investigated via proteomic analysis.Results:Almost universally, primary patient multiple myeloma cells exhibit &gt;2.5-fold increased rates of protein translation compared with normal marrow cells. Ex vivo treatment with omacetaxine resulted in &gt;50% reduction in viable multiple myeloma cells. In this cohort, high levels of translation serve as a biomarker for patient multiple myeloma cell sensitivity to omacetaxine. Unexpectedly, omacetaxine demonstrated synergy with IMiDs in multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro. In addition, in an IMiD-resistant relapsed patient sample, omacetaxine/IMiD combination treatment resensitized the multiple myeloma cells to the IMiD. Proteomic analysis found that the omacetaxine/IMiD combination treatment produced a double-hit on the IRF4/c-MYC pathway, which is critical to multiple myeloma survival.Conclusions:Overall, protein translation inhibitors represent a potential new drug class for myeloma treatment and provide a rationale for conducting clinical trials with omacetaxine alone and in combination with IMiDs for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
Open-label, Multicenter, Phase II Study of RC48-ADC, a HER2-Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugate, in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Sheng Xinan , Yan Xieqiao , Wang Lin , Shi Yanxia , Yao Xin , Luo Hong , Shi Benkang , Liu Jiyan , He Zhisong , Yu Guohua , Ying Jianming , Han Weiqing , Hu Changlu , Ling Yun , Chi Zhihong , Cui Chuanliang , Si Lu , Fang Jianmin , Zhou Aiping , Guo Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of RC48-ADC, a novel humanized anti-HER2 antibody conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E, in patients with HER2+ locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) refractory to standard therapies.Patients and Methods:This was a phase II, open-label, multicenter, single-arm study of patients with HER2+ (IHC status 3+ or 2+) locally advanced or mUC who previously failed at least one line of systemic chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) assessed by a blinded independent review committee (BIRC). The secondary endpoint included progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate, duration of response, overall survival (OS), and safety.Results:Forty-three patients were enrolled. The median follow-up was 20.3 months. The overall confirmed ORR as assessed by the BIRC was 51.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 35.5%–66.7%]. Similar responses were observed in prespecified subgroups, such as those with liver metastasis and those previously treated with anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapies. The median PFS and OS were 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.6–8.9) and 13.9 months (95% CI, 9.1–NE), respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) were hypoesthesia (60.5%), alopecia (55.8%), and leukopenia (55.8%). Twenty-five (58%) patients experienced grade 3 TRAEs, including hypoesthesia (23.3%) and neutropenia (14.0%). No grade 4 or grade 5 TRAEs occurred.Conclusions:RC48-ADC demonstrated a promising efficacy with a manageable safety profile in patients with HER2+ locally advanced or mUC who had failed at least one line of systemic chemotherapy.
Breast Cancer Index Predicts Extended Endocrine Benefit to Individualize Selection of Patients with HR+ Early-stage Breast Cancer for 10 Years of Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Noordhoek Iris , Treuner Kai , Putter Hein , Zhang Yi , Wong Jenna , Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg Elma , Duijm-de Carpentier Marjolijn , van de Velde Cornelis J.H. , Schnabel Catherine A. , Liefers Gerrit-Jan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Individualized selection of patients with early-stage hormone receptor–positive (HR+) breast cancer for extended endocrine therapy (EET) is required to balance modest gains in outcome with toxicities of prolonged use. This study examined the Breast Cancer Index [BCI; HOXB13/IL17BR ratio (H/I)] as a predictive biomarker of EET benefit in patients from the Investigation on the Duration of Extended Adjuvant Letrozole trial.

Experimental Design:
BCI was tested in primary tumor specimens from 908 patients randomized to receive 2.5 versus 5 years of extended letrozole. The primary endpoint was recurrence-free interval. Cox models and likelihood ratios tested the interaction between EET and BCI (H/I).

Results:
BCI (H/I)-high significantly predicted benefit from extended letrozole in the overall cohort [HR 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.21–0.84; P = 0.011] and any aromatase inhibitor subset [HR 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16–0.73; P = 0.004), whereas BCI (H/I)-low patients did not derive significant benefit (HR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.58–1.56; P = 0.84 and HR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.53–1.55; P = 0.71, respectively) treatment to biomarker interaction was significant (P = 0.045, P = 0.025, respectively). BCI identified approximately 50% of patients with clinically high-risk disease that did not benefit, and with clinically low-risk disease that derived significant benefit, from an additional 2.5 years of EET.

Conclusions:
BCI (H/I) predicted preferential benefit from 5 versus 2.5 years of EET and identified patients with improved outcomes from completing 10 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy. Findings expand the clinical utility of BCI (H/I) to a broader range of patients and beyond prognostic risk factors as a predictive endocrine response biomarker for early-stage HR+ breast cancer.
Age is in the Eye of the Beholder: Distinguishing Molecular Signatures in Early-onset Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Lou Emil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is more prevalent in older patients, but early-onset cases (&lt;55 years) may be a distinct genetic subpopulation. Differential expression of CDKN2A and transcription factor FOXC2 were found in early-onset cases. This finding opens the door to investigating additional features that distinguish PDAC tumors in this age group.
See related article by Tsang et al., p. 246
A Novel Endocrine Role for the BAT-Released Lipokine 12,13-diHOME to Mediate Cardiac Function
Authors: Pinckard Kelsey M. , Shettigar Vikram K. , Wright Katherine R. , Abay Eaman , Baer Lisa A. , Vidal Pablo , Dewal Revati S. , Das Devleena , Duarte-Sanmiguel Silvia , Hernández-Saavedra Diego , Arts Peter J. , Lehnig Adam C. , Bussberg Valerie , Narain Niven R. , Kiebish Michael A. , Yi Fanchao , Sparks Lauren M. , Goodpaster Bret H. , Smith Steven R. , Pratley Richard E. , Lewandowski E. Douglas , Raman Subha V. , Wold Loren E. , Gallego-Perez Daniel , Coen Paul M. , Ziolo Mark T. , Stanford Kristin I. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important tissue for thermogenesis, making it a potential target to decrease the risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and recent studies have also identified BAT as an endocrine organ. Although BAT has been implicated to be protective in cardiovascular disease, to this point there are no studies that identify a direct role for BAT to mediate cardiac function.

Methods:

To determine the role of BAT on cardiac function, we utilized a model of BAT transplantation. We then performed lipidomics and identified an increase in the lipokine 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME). We utilized a mouse model with sustained overexpression of 12,13-diHOME and investigated the role of 12,13-diHOME in a nitric oxide synthase type 1 deficient (NOS1
-/-
) mouse and in isolated cardiomyocytes to determine effects on function and respiration. We also investigated 12,13-diHOME in a cohort of human patients with heart disease.

Results:

Here, we determined that transplantation of BAT (+BAT) improves cardiac function via the release of the lipokine 12,13-diHOME. Sustained overexpression of 12,13-diHOME using tissue nanotransfection negated the deleterious effects of a high-fat diet on cardiac function and remodeling, and acute injection of 12,13-diHOME increased cardiac hemodynamics via direct effects on the cardiomyocyte. Furthermore, incubation of cardiomyocytes with 12,13-diHOME increased mitochondrial respiration. The effects of 12,13-diHOME were absent in
NOS1
−/−
mice and cardiomyocytes. We also provide the first evidence that 12,13-diHOME is decreased in human patients with heart disease.

Conclusions:
Our results identify an endocrine role for BAT to enhance cardiac function that is mediated by regulation of calcium cycling via 12,13-diHOME and NOS1.
Arguments Employed in Favour of Unjust Action in Euripides, Thucydides, and Plato
Authors: Hill Theodore 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article examines arguments used in the fifth century in favour of unjust action. Three main lines of argument are distinguished: (i) arguments based on ordinary human behaviour, employed by Glaucon in Plato’s Republic and by the Athenians in Thucydides’ Melian Dialogue, (ii) arguments based on self-interest, found also in Plato and Thucydides, and (iii) arguments based on setting against justice another value, normally courage (ἀνδρεία) or wisdom (σοφία). These arguments are absent in Hesiod and Aeschylus, but present later in Euripides, Thucydides and Plato. Categorising them allows us to understand more precisely a central intellectual phenomenon of the fifth century, and to identify how the argumentation, and therefore the discourse of power, employed in these sources varies according to genre. In particular, Euripides, in his portrayal of individuals, deals with these issues differently, and employs different arguments, from Thucydides, who is concerned with the conduct of poleis.
Roman Law in the Curriculum of the First Chinese Students in England, France, and China
Authors: Chen Li 
Published: October 2020

Summary
This article retraces the beginnings of Roman law studies by Chinese students during the latter part of the 19th century. It relies on archival research in order to piece together the curricula and careers of three pioneering Chinese law students who first came to study law, including Roman law, in England, France, and China. Wu Tingfang’s legal training at an Inn of Court in London, Ma Kié-Tchong’s legal education at the University of Paris and Wang Chung Hui’s study at Peiyang University in Tianjin, all included a more or less in-depth exposure to Roman law. Ma Kié-Tchong’s wrote a thesis on Roman law in Latin. As the first surviving specimen of legal Latin written by a Chinese jurist, his work not only reflects Roman law studies in France in the 19th century, it also sheds light on the level of proficiency in legal Latin which a Chinese scholar could attain.
Les minorités dans la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l’Homme, une absence délibérée
Authors: Arlettaz Fernando 
Published: October 2020

Summary
The League of Nations established, in the interwar period, a legal regime for the protection of minorities which considered them as intermeditate groups between the State and the individuals. On the contrary, the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, adopted in 1948 by the United Nations, assumed a radically individualistic point of view and did not include any mention to minority rights. The travaux préparatoires of the Universal Declaration suggest that the question of minorities caused strong tension among States and that, for this reason, they avoided its inclusion in the 1948 document.
Psychodynamics of the Technological Unconscious
Authors: Ashraf Cameran 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The shadow of technological development has received significant attention. User tracking, emotional manipulation, disinformation, online radicalization, and restrictions on free speech have shattered the cyber-utopianism of the 1990s and early 2000s. Yet the solutions to address technology’s problems are framed as requiring more technology. This technological solutionism and its subsequent choices mask unconscious processes which give rise to new technologies. This essay is an attempt to interrogate the history of these choices by taking a depth psychological approach to the technological unconscious, beginning with the impact of writing on the psyche to the advent of computer screens. With technologies becoming more sophisticated and a primary way we interact with reality, it is vital to create a body of depth psychology literature on technology’s history and impacts.