bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermetallic growth kinetics in gold ball bonds on Al-1%Si-0.5%Cu bond pads at 175∘C
Authors: Breach Christopher 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that isothermal intermetallic growth data for gold ball bonds can be non-parabolic with explanations of why deviation from parabolic kinetics may occur.

Design/methodology/approach
Intermetallic thickness measurements were made at the centre of cross-sectioned ball bonds that were isothermally annealed at 175°C. Intermetallic growth kinetics were modelled with a power law expression(x(t) − x0)2 = α1tα2. The parameters of the power law model were obtained by transformation of the response and explanatory variables followed by data fitting using simple linear regression (SLR).

Findings
Ball bonds made with 4 N (99.99%Au) and 3 N (99.9%Au) gold wires exhibited two consecutive time regimes of intermetallic growth denoted Regime I and Regime II. Regime I was characterised by reactive diffusion between the gold wire and the aluminium alloy bond pad, during which Al was completely consumed in the formation of Au–Al intermetallics with non-parabolic kinetics. In Regime II, the absence of a free supply of Al to sustain intermetallic growth led to the conclusion that thickening of intermetallics was caused by phase transformation of Au8Al3 to Au4Al. Ball bonds made with 2 N (99%Au) wire also exhibited non-parabolic kinetics in Regime I and negligible intermetallic thickening in Regime II.

Research limitations/implications
The analysis of intermetallic growth is limited to total intermetallic growth at a single temperature (175°C).

Originality/value
The value of this study lies in showing that the assumption that only parabolic intermetallic growth is observed in isothermally aged gold ball bonds is incorrect. Furthermore there is no need to assume parabolic growth kinetics because with an appropriate data transformation, followed by fitting the data to a power law model using SLR and with the use of statistical diagnostics, both the suitability of the kinetic model and the nature of the growth kinetics (parabolic or non-parabolic) can be determined.
Prevalence of illicit substance use among patients presenting to the emergency department with acute behavioural disturbance: Rapid point‐of‐care saliva screening
Authors: Gerdtz Marie , Yap Celene YL , Daniel Cathy , Knott Jonathan C , Kelly Peter , Braitberg George 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of illicit substance use among patients presenting to one ED with acute behavioural disturbance using point‐of‐care saliva testing.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted. Acute behavioural disturbance was defined as any episode requiring a security response for unarmed threat (Code Grey). The setting was a single ED and tertiary referral centre located in metropolitan Australia. Participants were adults presenting to the ED requiring a Code Grey. Saliva was analysed for meth/amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opiates using a rapid point‐of‐care test. Self‐reported drug use was recorded at the time of saliva testing. Data collection occurred between August 2016 and March 2017.ResultsThere were 229 valid saliva samples. Participants were, on average, 35 years (range 18–72) and male (168/229; 73%). Forty percent (95% confidence interval 34–47) of samples tested positive, with 20% positive for two or more substances. Meth/amphetamines was detected in 92% of positive samples, 17% of samples tested positive for opiates, 8% for cannabis and 7% for cocaine. Among participants, 19% self‐reported current substance use and 20% reported using illicit substances within the past 24 h.ConclusionsThe prevalence of illicit substance use among this cohort was 40%. Self‐reporting was unreliable. Point‐of‐care saliva testing is feasible. Early identification of harmful drug use may assist clinical decision making in selected or undifferentiated cases and provide an opportunity to implement harm minimisation strategies and make referrals.
Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy: Experience from an Australian tertiary centre
Authors: Drever Natalie , Bertolone Julia , Shawki Marwan , Janssens Sarah 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundDespite the rising incidence of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), as yet there are no consensus or evidence‐based guidelines for management.AimsTo review diagnosis, treatment and management of all women with CSP over a 5 year period at Mater Mothers’ Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.Materials and methodsRetrospective cohort study of CSP between 2013–2018. Data reviewed included demographics, presenting symptoms, gestational age, ultrasound findings, human chorionic gonadotrophin levels, treatment success, complications, and if available, subsequent pregnancy outcomes.ResultsTwenty‐eight women were treated for CSP during the study period. Initial diagnosis was delayed in ten (36%). Overall success rates of initial treatment were 22/28 (79%). Of the six cases of failed treatment, five had been treated with systemic methotrexate alone. All women requiring further intervention had fetal pole present, and 50% had fetal cardiac activity. Failure rate of systemic methotrexate alone was 5/11 (45%). Eleven women deemed appropriate for conservative management did not require further treatment or experience complications. Nine women had data available for subsequent pregnancies, of whom two developed placenta accreta.ConclusionThis study provides data that may assist in guideline development and decision‐making for management of CSP. Conservative management in carefully selected women appeared to be safe. Nearly half of women treated with systemic methotrexate alone required another treatment modality, suggesting a role for intralesional treatment, particularly in the presence of fetal pole ± fetal cardiac activity. More than one in five women with documented subsequent pregnancies were diagnosed with placenta accreta.
Relation between stockperson behavior toward cows in a holding area and milk yields
Authors: Saito Haruka , Seo Tetsuya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo assess the effects of negative and positive behaviors on milk yields, this study examined the attitudes and behaviors of stockpersons toward their cows and milk yields at a farm where 15 workers milked 67 cows as rotating shift work. At a holding area when moving cows to the parlor, stockperson behaviors were observed at 34 milkings. Behaviors were classified as negative (NEG) or positive (POS): NEG were attempts to move cows using touching (NT), vocalization (NV), and gestures (NG); POS were communications without attempting to move cows, consisting of touch (PT) or vocalization (PV). Numbers of NV and NEG were negatively correlated with milk yields of first parity (p < .05). Average milk yields of first parity and all cows were higher when PT were observed (p < .001, p < .0001) and POS were observed (p < .001 and p < .0001). Numbers of PT were positively correlated with milk yields of first parity (p < .05). Average milk yields of second parity were higher when PV was observed (p < .01). Positive behaviors, especially touching, are related to higher herd milk yields. Negative behaviors such as negative vocalizations are related to lower yields of younger cows.
Characteristic features of porcine endogenous retroviruses in Vietnamese native pigs
Authors: Ishihara Shinya , Dang‐Nguyen Thanh Q. , Kikuchi Kazuhiro , Arakawa Aisaku , Mikawa Satoshi , Osaki Makoto , Otoi Takeshige , Luu Quang Minh , Nguyen Thanh Son , Taniguchi Masaaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe aimed to clarify the genomic characteristics of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) in Vietnamese native pig (VnP) breeds. First, we investigated genetic polymorphisms in β‐ and γ‐like PERVs, and we then measured the copy numbers of infectious γ‐like PERVs (PERV‐A, B, and C). We purified genomic DNA from 15 VnP breeds from 12 regions all over the country and three Western pig breeds as controls, and investigated genetic polymorphisms in all known PERVs, including the beta (β)1–4 and gamma (γ)1–5 groups. PERVs of β1, β2, β3, and γ4 were highly polymorphic with VnP‐specific haplotypes. We did not identify genetic polymorphisms in β4, γ1, or γ2 PERVs. We then applied a real‐time polymerase chain reaction–based method to estimate copy numbers of the gag, pol, and env genes of γ1 PERVs (defined as A, B, and C). VnP breeds showed significantly lower copy number of the PERV genes compared with the Western pig breeds (on average, 16.2 and 35.7 copies, respectively, p < .05). Two VnP breeds showed significantly higher copy number compared with the other VnPs (p < .05). Our results elucidated that VnPs have specific haplotypes and a low copy number of PERV genes.
Investment Strategies in Supplier Development under Capacity and Demand Uncertainty
Authors: Golmohammadi Amirmohsen , Hassini Elkafi 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWe study joint investment by a buyer and a supplier in improving the supplier's capacity using a Stackelberg game model. We analyze both buyer‐led and supplier‐led situations. We show that in both cases the players have an opportunistic behavior toward investment. In the buyer‐led game, when the buyer finds the supplier motivated enough to invest, he avoids any direct contribution on capacity improvement. In this situation, the buyer follows an order inflation strategy to increase the investment of the supplier. However, when the supplier does not show the desire to make enough investment, the buyer will engage in direct investment in the supplier's capacity. We showed that although the order inflation strategy increases the buyer's optimal order quantity, it does not coordinate the supply chain. Also, in the case that the buyer is forced to share the investment costs with the supplier, he relies less on order inflation strategy. In the supplier‐led game, we demonstrated that the buyer has no motivation to use order inflation strategy. In the case that the supplier is the only investor, the buyer‐led game results in a higher profit for the buyer, supplier, and the supply chain. Finally, we looked at two extensions where the supplier is penalized for unsatisfied demand and the buyer uses an order‐postponement strategy.
Effects of silodosin and tadalafil on bladder dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Possible role of bladder blood flow
Authors: Nagao Yoshiki , Shimizu Shogo , Kurabayashi Atsushi , Shimizu Takahiro , Tsuda Masayuki , Higashi Youichirou , Fujieda Mikiya , Saito Motoaki 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of an alpha1‐adrenoceptor antagonist, silodosin, or a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, tadalafil, on bladder overactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.MethodsTwelve‐week‐old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were perorally administered silodosin (100 µg/kg), tadalafil (2 or 10 mg/kg) or vehicle once daily for 6 weeks. Wistar rats were used as normotensive controls and were treated with the vehicle. At 18‐weeks‐old, the effects of silodosin or tadalafil on blood pressure, bladder blood flow, urodynamic parameters (i.e. micturition frequency, urine output, inter‐contraction interval, maximum voiding pressure, single voided volume and post‐voiding residual urine volume), and bladder tissue levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha were measured.ResultsA significant increase in blood pressure, micturition frequency and bladder tissue levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha was noted in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The single voided volume, bladder capacity and bladder blood flow were significantly lower in the spontaneously hypertensive rats than in the Wistar rats. Treatment with silodosin and the higher dose of tadalafil improved the urodynamic parameters, bladder blood flow and bladder tissue levels of malondialdehyde in the spontaneously hypertensive rats without affecting the blood pressure and bladder tissue levels of interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha.ConclusionsTreatment with silodosin or tadalafil might improve hypertension‐related bladder overactivity, as shown in spontaneously hypertensive rats through an improvement in the bladder blood flow and bladder tissue levels of oxidative stress.
Lattice structure and microwave dielectric properties of La[Al1−x(Mg0.5Ti0.5)x]O3 (x = 0‐0.2)‐based ceramics
Authors: Fan Jun , Zhao Qing , Du Kang , Wang Fei , Wang Xiao‐Hong , Lu Wen‐Zhong , Lei Wen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLa[Al1−x(Mg0.5Ti0.5)x]O3 (LAMT, x = 0‐0.2) ceramics were synthesized by the conventional solid‐state reaction method and formed a solid solution. The pure solid solutions were recorded by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) in every range. Relative permittivity (εr) and structural stability were greatly affected because the Al3+ site was replaced by [Mg0.5Ti0.5]3+. The total ionic polarizability gradually increased with x, and εr gradually increased. The trend of τf is due to the change in structural stability. The variation in Q × f value increased firstly and then decreased due to the change in the symmetric stretching mode of Al/MgTi–O. The optimum microwave dielectric properties of LAMT were obtained at x of 0.1 after sintering at 1650°C for 5 hours, and εr = 24.9, Q × f = 79 956 GHz, and τf = −33 ppm/°C. The CaTiO3 have a large positive τf (+800 ppm/°C), thus, the τf achieved near zero when CaTiO3 and LAMT (x = 0.1) ceramics were mixed with a certain molar mass, and the optimum microwave dielectric properties of 0.65CaTiO3–0.35LaAl0.9(Mg0.5Ti0.5)0.1O3 were as follows: εr = 44.6, Q × f = 32 057 GHz, and τf = +2 ppm/°C.
Group‐based guilt and shame in the context of intergroup conflict: The role of beliefs and meta‐beliefs about group malleability
Authors: Weiss‐Klayman Noa , Hameiri Boaz , Halperin Eran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGroup‐based guilt and shame are part of a wide range of moral emotions in intergroup conflicts. These emotions can potentially motivate group members to make compromises in order to promote conflict resolution, and increase support for reparations and apologies following moral transgressions committed by the in‐group. Thus, it is important to understand how to induce these emotions and the mechanisms for their effects. In the present paper, we examined the mechanisms underlying group‐based guilt and shame in four studies. Across the first three studies, conducted in the context of the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict, we found that group‐based guilt was mostly predicted by individuals’ implicit theories about groups (ITG). Specifically, we found that the more participants believed that groups are malleable, the more they experienced group‐based guilt. Group‐based shame, however, was found to be dependent upon individuals’ perception of other people’s perceptions about the malleability of groups (i.e., meta‐ITG), as the perceived damage to one’s in‐group image is a major component in experiencing shame. In Study 4, conducted in the context of gender relations, we differentiated between the two components of shame, that is, moral and image shame. As predicted, while group‐based guilt and moral shame showed similar patterns of results, meta‐ITG had a moderating effect on the association between ITG and group‐based image shame. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed in relation to promoting intergroup conflict resolution and reconciliation.
Effect of rearing Cactoblastis cactorum on an artificial diet on the behaviour of Apanteles opuntiarum
Authors: Varone Laura , Mengoni Goñalons Carolina , Faltlhauser Ana C. , Guala Mariel E. , Wolaver Danielle , Srivastava Mrittunjai , Hight Stephen D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCactoblastis cactorum's unintended arrival to Florida and its expansion in North America represent a threat to Opuntia‐based agriculture and natural ecosystems in the United States and Mexico. Apanteles opuntiarum attacks C. cactorum and is a potential biocontrol agent due to its specificity, wide distribution and occurrence. Laboratory rearing methods using excised cladodes for C. cactorum as host larvae of A. opuntiarum were developed, but require a continuous supply of cactus with a risk of microorganisms compromising the rearing. Host cues —including odour of host metabolic subproducts like faeces and chemicals emitted by the attacked plant— are the most important signals that help a parasitoid locate a host. Little attention has been paid to behavioural differences of parasitoids in the presence of hosts reared on artificial diet. Thus, the aims of the present work were to determine the effect of meridic diet for C. cactorum on parasitoid behaviour and to determine whether prior experience (previous exposure to stimuli) influences the response of A. opuntiarum towards hosts. Parasitism rates were assessed using cladodes or meridic diet as larvae food source. Behavioural experiments also evaluated the effect of prior experience (larvae or frass from larvae fed on cactus or diet) on host searching, encounter and attack of different stimulus (larvae or frass from larvae fed on cactus or diet). Parasitism behaviour of A. opuntiarum was negatively affected by the use of meridic diet to feed host larvae. Presenting parasitoids with larvae rather than their frass influenced excitatory behavioural responses in terms of contact, probing and stinging in A. opuntiarum females, whereas the effect of prior experience on the behaviours was not quite consistent. For laboratory mass‐rearing procedures of A. opuntiarum, we recommend previous contact of females with frass from cactus‐fed larvae and a piece of cactus, which showed enhanced parasitism rates.
Implementing Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping in Cesarean Birth Using a Novel Method: A Pilot Study of Feasibility and Safety
Authors: Welsh Stephanie , Elwell Joy , Manister Nancy N. , Gildersleeve Robert K. 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionAlthough delayed cord clamping (DCC) is regarded as the standard of care for all vigorous newborns, those born via cesarean birth are less likely to be afforded this option, especially for longer than 30 to 60 seconds. This pilot study was undertaken to determine whether removal of the placenta before cord clamping to allow for DCC of at least 3 minutes during term, uncomplicated cesarean birth is feasible and without apparent safety issues in order to support a large prospective study on the benefits of this method.MethodsWomen having a term, uncomplicated cesarean birth who consented to the study were enrolled. Safety was assessed by comparing estimated maternal blood loss, newborn Apgar scores, temperatures, transcutaneous bilirubin levels, need for phototherapy, and neonatal intensive care unit admissions with a matched historical control group of women whose newborns had immediate cord clamping. Feasibility was measured by evaluating staff and maternal comfort with the intervention and by the ability to complete the protocol steps.ResultsSeventeen women consented to participate. The protocol was successfully completed in 94% of births. There were no differences in maternal and neonatal safety outcome measures between groups. There was high comfort level with the protocol among staff, and there was universal maternal satisfaction.DiscussionThis method of DCC in cesarean birth appears feasible and safe in this small pilot study and was associated with high maternal satisfaction and clinician comfort. Major organizations such as the American College of Nurse‐Midwives and the World Health Organization have called for DCC of up to 3 to 5 minutes in all births, and this simple method has the potential to reach that goal in cesarean birth with minimal apparent risk. A large randomized controlled trial is warranted to determine the neonatal and maternal benefits and safety of this technique compared with a 30‐to‐60‐second delay.
Language comprehension models at different levels of explanation
Authors: Colvin Michelle , Warren Tessa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews two recent models of language comprehension, the RI‐Val model (Cook & O'Brien, 2014; O'Brien & Cook, 2016b) and the dynamic generative framework (Kuperberg, 2016). Both of these models have been heavily informed by research on the processing of semantic anomalies, but they have arisen in different literatures. The RI‐Val model has roots in the text processing literature and focuses primarily on bottom–up aspects of comprehension; the dynamic generative framework has roots in the event‐related brain potential (ERP)/sentence processing literature and focuses more heavily on top–down aspects of comprehension. Relating these models to each other and considering the findings in the semantic anomaly literature that support each one pushes us to consider the possibility that these models might be describing the comprehension system at different levels of explanation (Marr, 1982). This view has a few important consequences. First, it provides new ways of thinking about, and consequently increases the importance of, the small literature about anomaly detection in fictional contexts. It also opens the door for beginning to speculate about potential mappings between these two models of language comprehension. Our hope is that by bringing together and highlighting potential connections between models from different traditions, we will provoke bigger picture points of view that raise new questions and spur new ideas for research.
Clinical study of argatroban for preventing vascular thrombosis in the early period after pediatric living‐related donor liver transplantation
Authors: Na Li , Jindong Han 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of heparin and argatroban on coagulation function and vascular thrombosis in the early period after pediatric LRDLT.MethodEighty‐four congenital biliary atresia pediatric patients who had undergone LRDLT were studied. Patients were divided into two groups according to the method of anticoagulation (heparin or argatroban). AT‐Ⅲ activity, APTT, and INR of the two groups were measured in the first 5 days after LRDLT. Vascular thrombosis was investigated by Doppler ultrasound daily.ResultsThere were no significant differences in gender, age, weight, graft‐recipient weight ratio, and Kasai procedure between the two groups. The AT‐Ⅲ activity of the two groups was low and increased gradually after surgery, with no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference of APTT between the two groups immediately after and in the first day after surgery. After anticoagulation treatment, a significant difference in APTT between the two groups was observed. The incidences of vascular thrombosis were 4.76% (3/63) and 0% (0/21) in the heparin and argatroban groups, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups. During the treatment, no serious complications such as active hemorrhage or drug allergy were observed in the two groups.ConclusionArgatroban is a direct anticoagulant, which is independent of AT‐Ⅲ activity. Argatroban might be an alternative to heparin in uncomplicated LRDLT with recovered hepatic and coagulation function.
Conservative speech
Authors: Lindeman Kathryn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that an utterance can function to conserve or maintain the truth of its asserted content, what I call conservative speech. Conservative utterances can work to preserve the truth of their asserted content in two ways. In the first, directive conservatives, the utterance serves as an indirect directive for interlocutors to act in ways that serve to maintain the asserted content. In the second, constitutive conservatives, serve to partly constitute the truth conditions of the asserted content directly. Constitutive conservatives, I argue, are particularly important because they are a central tool for how social groups enforce and thereby maintain facts about group norms and values in the face of deviation. They thus have a central role to play in understanding the role of language in the abilities of social groups to create and maintain their norms and values.