bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the effect of PAR1 inhibitors on Plasmodium falciparum-induced loss of endothelial cell barrier function
Authors: Storm Janet , Wu Yang , Davies Jill , Moxon Christopher A. , Craig Alister G. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Sequestration and cytoadherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) to microvascular endothelium alters endothelial barrier function and plays a role in the pathogenesis of severe malaria. Binding of IE is mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) and the PfEMP1 variants that binds to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) have, in particular, been associated with the dysregulation of the coagulation/inflammation pathways in endothelial cells. This has prompted speculation about the role of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) activation and signalling in causing endothelial activation and loss of barrier function in cerebral malaria. Methods: We used a co-culture of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) with P. falciparum material, recombinant PfEMP1 or lysates from IE, and measured barrier function by trans endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). A selection of PAR1 inhibitors was tested for their ability to reverse the P. falciparum and thrombin induced decrease in barrier function. Results: An initial screen in the presence of recombinant PfEMP1 identified a few inhibitors that were able to reduce the rapid thrombin-induced barrier disruption even when activated protein C (aPC) was unable to do so. However, PAR1 inhibitors did not rescue the barrier dysfunction after co-culture with IE lysate. Conclusions: The selected PAR1 inhibitors were able to reverse the disruption of barrier function by thrombin but did not reverse the IE lysate induced disruption of barrier function, implicating a different PAR1-independent mechanism. These findings have implications for the design of adjunct therapies to reduce brain swelling in cerebral malaria.
The effects of COVID-19 on perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients with hip fractures
Authors: Kayani Babar , Onochie Elliot , Patil Vijay , Begum Fahima , Cuthbert Rory , Ferguson David , Bhamra Jagmeet S. , Sharma Aadhar , Bates Peter , Haddad Fares S. 
Published: July 2020

Aims During the COVID-19 pandemic, many patients continue to require urgent surgery for hip fractures. However, the impact of COVID-19 on perioperative outcomes in these high-risk patients remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to establish the effects of COVID-19 on perioperative morbidity and mortality, and determine any risk factors for increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 undergoing hip fracture surgery. Methods This multicentre cohort study included 340 COVID-19-negative patients versus 82 COVID-19-positive patients undergoing surgical treatment for hip fractures across nine NHS hospitals in Greater London, UK. Patients in both treatment groups were comparable for age, sex, body mass index, fracture configuration, and type of surgery performed. Predefined perioperative outcomes were recorded within a 30-day postoperative period. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify risk factors associated with increased risk of mortality. Results COVID-19-positive patients had increased postoperative mortality rates (30.5% (25/82) vs 10.3% (35/340) respectively, p < 0.001) compared to COVID-19-negative patients. Risk factors for increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 undergoing surgery included positive smoking status (hazard ratio (HR) 15.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.55 to 52.2; p < 0.001) and greater than three comorbidities (HR 13.5 (95% CI 2.82 to 66.0, p < 0.001). COVID-19-positive patients had increased risk of postoperative complications (89.0% (73/82) vs 35.0% (119/340) respectively; p < 0.001), more critical care unit admissions (61.0% (50/82) vs 18.2% (62/340) respectively; p < 0.001), and increased length of hospital stay (mean 13.8 days (SD 4.6) vs 6.7 days (SD 2.5) respectively; p < 0.001), compared to COVID-19-negative patients. Conclusion Hip fracture surgery in COVID-19-positive patients was associated with increased length of hospital stay, more admissions to the critical care unit, higher risk of perioperative complications, and increased mortality rates compared to COVID-19-negative patients. Risk factors for increased mortality in patients with COVID-19 undergoing surgery included positive smoking status and multiple (greater than three) comorbidities. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(9):1136–1145.
Are primary education teachers from Catalonia (Spain) trained on the ICT and disability?
Authors: Fernández Batanero José María , Román Graván Pedro , Siles Rojas Carmen 
Published: July 2020

In this work, we present the results of a study that had as an objective to understand the perception of key informants (directors, heads of studies and ICT coordinators from education centers, as well as well as directors and technology managers from teacher’s training centers), on the levels of technological training and knowledge possessed by the Primary Education teachers from the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, with respect to the use of the ICT with students with disabilities. For the methodology, a qualitative research design was used. The information was obtained from an analysis of 68 interviews conducted to professional from the education sector in Catalonia. The results obtained showed that the professionals perceived a low level of training and knowledge of the teachers with respect to the use of the ICT with people with disabilities. The findings showed the need to design and implement didactic training that empowers the teachers.
Tunable asymmetric transmission across stretchable chiral metamaterial
Authors: Zhou Lei , Wang Yueke , Zhou Jiaxin , Ding Jian , Lu Mengjia , Sang Tian 
Published: July 2020

A stretchable chiral metamaterial with L-shaped and T-shaped Au patterns (SCMM-LT) is proposed to generate asymmetric transmission (AT) for circularly polarized waves on the polydimethylsiloxane substrate in the mid-infrared region. The peak value of AT can reach 50.02% at the resonance wavelength of 19.1 µm, owing to the enantiomerically sensitive plasmons. With stretching along the

x

axis and the

y

axis. respectively, the band of AT shifts to a longer wavelength, which proves the SCMM-LT can be a candidate as the tunable chiral metamaterial. In the future, the proposed stretchable chiral metamaterial could potentially possess high applicability for wearable electronic devices in a variety of sensor fields.
Fast focus-shifter based on a unimorph deformable mirror
Authors: Verpoort Sven , Bittner Matthias , Wittrock Ulrich 
Published: July 2020

On-the-fly remote laser processing plays an increasingly important role in modern fabrication techniques. These processes require guiding of the focus of a laser beam along the contours of the workpiece in three dimensions. State-of-the-art galvanometer scanners already provide highly dynamic and precise transverse

x

−

y

beam steering. However, longitudinal focus shifting (“z-shifting”) relying on conventional optics is restricted to a bandwidth of a few hundred Hz. We have developed and manufactured a fast piezo-based z-shifting mirror with diffraction-limited surface fidelity providing a focus shift of

Δ
z
>
60

m
m

with an actuation rate of 2 kHz.
Improving the visible light communication localization system using Kalman filtering with averaging
Authors: Shawky Eman , El-Shimy Mohamed , Mokhtar Amr , El-Badawy El-Sayed A. , Shalaby Hossam M. H. 
Published: July 2020

Two techniques are proposed for improving the accuracy of localization estimation in indoor visible light communication systems, namely, averaging and Kalman filtering with averaging schemes. In the averaging technique, the receiver position is estimated using the received signal strength (RSS) indication method multiple times (e.g.,

N

samples), and the acquired estimations are averaged over all samples. To further improve the localization, the Kalman filtering algorithm is adopted to estimate the received power over

N

samples, followed by applying the RSS technique on the average received power. The proposed techniques are analyzed mathematically, considering the effects of both line-of-sight (LOS) and first-reflection from non-LOS propagations. The performance of the proposed techniques is determined by evaluating the positioning errors in a typical room. The results are compared to that of the traditional RSS system. Simulation results reveal that an improvement of about 33.3% in the average positioning error is achievable when using the averaging scheme as compared to that of the traditional RSS scheme. This improvement increases to 72.2% when adopting the proposed Kalman filtering scheme.
Optical properties of water relaxing after intense laser exposure
Authors: Kononenko Vitali V. , Gololobov Viktor M. , Zavedeev Evgeny V. , Konov Vitaly I. 
Published: July 2020

The dynamics of the optical properties of water bulk exposed to femtosecond radiation (Ti-sapphire laser, wavelength 800 nm, intensity

∼

10

13

W

/

c
m

2

) was studied in the time window of

≈
1.5

n
s

using a pump–probe technique. Both the refractive index and absorbance were measured by femtosecond interferometric microscopy, which allowed us to gather deconvoluting quantitative data about the induced processes: solvation of excess electrons, geminate recombination, and development of cavitation. We found that the number of electrons produced by a strong, near infrared (NIR) field in the cavitation regime (

<

10

19

c
m

−
3

) is much lower than was previously thought. The obtained data clarify the mechanisms of laser energy deposition in water and are of crucial importance to understand intensive light action on aqueous-based systems.
Synchronous nanoscale topographic and chemical mapping by differential-confocal controlled Raman microscopy
Authors: Cui Han , Wang Yun , Qiu Lirong , Li Shucheng , Cooper Jonathan M. , Zhao Weiqian 
Published: July 2020

Confocal Raman microscopy is currently used for label-free optical sensing and imaging within the biological, engineering, and physical sciences as well as in industry. However, currently these methods have limitations, including their low spatial resolution and poor focus stability, that restrict the breadth of new applications. This paper now introduces differential-confocal controlled Raman microscopy as a technique that fuses differential confocal microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, enabling the point-to-point collection of three-dimensional nanoscale topographic information with the simultaneous reconstruction of corresponding chemical information. The microscope collects the scattered Raman light together with the Rayleigh light, both as Rayleigh scattered and reflected light (these are normally filtered out in conventional confocal Raman systems). Inherent in the design of the instrument is a significant improvement in the axial focusing resolution of topographical features in the image (to

∼
1

nm

), which, when coupled with super-resolution image restoration, gives a lateral resolution of 220 nm. By using differential confocal imaging for controlling the Raman imaging, the system presents a significant enhancement of the focusing and measurement accuracy, precision, and stability (with an antidrift capability), mitigating against both thermal and vibrational artefacts. We also demonstrate an improved scan speed, arising as a consequence of the nonaxial scanning mode.
Integrated dispersion compensated mode-locked quantum dot laser
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Norman Justin C. , Liu Songtao , Malik Aditya , Bowers John E. 
Published: July 2020

Quantum dot lasers are excellent on-chip light sources, offering high defect tolerance, low threshold, low temperature variation, and high feedback insensitivity. Yet a monolithic integration technique combining epitaxial quantum dot lasers with passive waveguides has not been demonstrated and is needed for complex photonic integrated circuits. We present here, for the first time to our knowledge, a monolithc offset quantum dot integration platform that permits formation of a laser cavity utilizing both the robust quantum dot active region and the versatility of passive GaAs waveguide structures. This platform is substrate agnostic and therefore compatible with the quantum dot lasers directly grown on Si. As an illustration of the potential of this platform, we designed and fabricated a 20 GHz mode-locked laser with a dispersion-engineered on-chip waveguide mirror. Due to the dispersion compensation effect of the waveguide mirror, the pulse width of the mode-locked laser is reduced by a factor of 2.8.
Influence of mixed organic cations on the nonlinear optical properties of lead tri-iodide perovskites
Authors: Zhang Xuanyu , Xiao Shuyu , Li Ruxue , He Tingchao , Xing Guichuan , Chen Rui 
Published: July 2020

Metal halide perovskite materials have been widely studied recently due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Among these materials, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted much attention because of their relatively soft framework, which makes them more suitable for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. However, there is rare physical mechanism study on the coexistence of two-photon absorption (TPA) and saturable absorption (SA) in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials. To clarify this issue, the NLO properties of mixed cation perovskite

MA

1
−
x

FA

x

PbI

3

[
MA
=

CH

3

NH

3

,
FA
=
CH

(

NH

2

)

2

,

x
=
0

, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8] thin films are investigated in this paper. Based on the nonlinear transmittance and femtosecond-transient absorption spectrum measurements, it is found that the

MA

1
−
x

FA
x

PbI
3

materials exhibit NLO behavior dependent on excitation intensity. The TPA coefficient of

MA

1
−
x

FA

x

PbI

3

decreases with the increase of formamidinium (FA) content, while the relevant saturable intensity increases. In addition, it is revealed that the linear absorption process from valence band 2 to valance band 1 still exists even under a very low excitation intensity. With the increase of excitation intensity, the light transmittance at 1300 nm decreases first and then increases sharply, which also supports the explanation for the coexistence of TPA and SA. It is expected that our findings will promote the application of perovskite materials in nonlinear optoelectronic devices.
Mit Computer Vision zur automatisierten Qualitätssicherung in der industriellen Fertigung: Eine Fallstudie zur Klassifizierung von Fehlern in Solarzellen mittels Elektrolumineszenz-Bildern
Authors: Zschech Patrick , Sager Christoph , Siebers Philipp , Pertermann Maik 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Qualitätssicherung bei der Produktion von Solarzellen ist ein entscheidender Faktor, um langfristige Leistungsgarantien auf Solarpanels gewähren zu können. Die vorliegende Arbeit leistet hierzu einen Beitrag zur automatisierten Fehlererkennung auf Wafern, indem Elektrolumineszenz-Bilder eines realen Herstellungsszenarios mithilfe von verschiedenen Computer-Vision-Modellen klassifiziert werden. Die Herausforderung besteht hierbei nicht nur darin, defekte Wafer von funktionsfähigen zu separieren, sondern gleichzeitig auch zwischen spezifischen Fehlerarten zu unterscheiden, während geringe Inferenzzeiten sicherzustellen sind. Zu diesem Zweck werden neben einfachen statistischen Modellen verschiedene Deep-Learning-Architekturen auf Basis von Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) verprobt und miteinander vergleichen. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, verschiedene Klassifizierungsansätze unterschiedlicher Komplexität zu testen und auf ihre praktische Einsatzfähigkeit unter realen Bedingungen zu untersuchen. Die Fallstudie zeigt, dass je nach Situation unterschiedliche Modelle ihre Existenzberechtigung haben und in Kombination sehr gute Ergebnisse erzielen. So lassen sich bereits mit statistischen Modellen und einfachen CNN-Varianten zuverlässige Aussagen mit Genauigkeiten von über 99 % bei Fehlertypen einfacher bis mittlerer Erkennbarkeit realisieren. Werden die Fehlerbilder demgegenüber diffuser und soll die Nachvollziehbarkeit der Ergebnisse durch positionsgenaue Lokalisierung von Fehlerobjekten gewährleistet werden, sind fortgeschrittenere Ansätze auf Basis sogenannter Region-Proposal-Netzwerke erforderlich, die allerdings auch mit einem erhöhten Labeling-Aufwand beim Annotieren der Fehlerobjekte einhergehen. Da die Umsetzung sämtlicher Modelle ausschließlich auf Open Source Tools wie zum Beispiel TensorFlow, Keras und OpenCV basiert, demonstriert die Fallstudie zudem, welche Möglichkeiten durch frei verfügbare Lösungen im Bereich von Computer Vision geboten werden.
DIVERGÊNCIAS NAS EXIGÊNCIAS REGULATÓRIAS PARA PREPARAÇÕES MAGISTRAIS E MEDICAMENTOS INDUSTRIALIZADOS
Authors: Farias Fernanda Fernandes , Hilinski Ellen Gameiro , Martins Valéria Adriana Pereira , Vieira Edilene Afonso , Trujillo Luz Marina 
Published: July 2020

As preparações magistrais são importantes no suprimento de medicamentos não disponíveis comercialmente para pacientes com necessidades especiais. Entretanto, as exigências regulatórias quanto ao controle da qualidade são diferentes das aplicadas aos medicamentos industrializados. Esse estudo teve como objetivo elucidar diferenças entre a RDC nº 67 de 2007, que regulamenta a manipulação de medicamentos, e a RDC nº 310 de 2019, que normatiza a produção de medicamentos industrializados. Foram destacadas as principais diferenças relativas ao controle da qualidade. Enquanto para as preparações magistrais são exigidas apenas análises de teor e uniformidade trimestralmente, os industrializados somente são liberados, para comercialização ou distribuição, após a comprovação da qualidade satisfatória para todos os lotes produzidos, sendo obrigatória a realização de ensaios completos com métodos validados. Como consequência da menor exigência regulatória, são encontrados diversos relatos na literatura sobre desvios de qualidade de medicamentos manipulados. Entre os mais comuns estão medicamentos com troca de ativos, fraudes por adição de substâncias não declaradas, erros de dosagens, podendo levar a intoxicação e óbito. Soluções para esses problemas incluem a atualização da norma RDC nº 67, com adequações pertinentes para um controle da qualidade mais rigoroso, a fi scalização sanitária constante dos estabelecimentos e o monitoramento do mercado.
AVALIAÇÃO DO PERFIL FARMACOTERAPÊUTICO DE GRUPO HIPERDIA EM UNIDADE DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Figueredo  Braga Clarissa , Gonçalves de Melo Taynara Poliana , De Lima José Gildo 
Published: July 2020

Um dos fatores mais importantes para o controle da Hipertensão e Diabetes é a adesão ao tratamento farmacológico. Esse trabalho é uma pesquisa transversal com abordagem quantitativa realizada na Unidade de Saúde da Família Casarão do Cordeiro em Recife, PE, de maio a julho de 2019. De acordo com os resultados, 72,5% dos usuários do Hiperdia eram mulheres e a maioria possuia idade superior a 50 anos. Hipertensão foi a condição de maior prevalência entre os participantes. Um índice elevado de pessoas faziam uso de cinco ou mais medicamentos. Cerca de 90% declararam saber que diabetes e hipertensão são doenças crônicas e podem ser controladas com dieta e medicamento, porém a maioria desconhecia quais órgãos podem ser afetados. Apenas 17,7% demonstraram seguir corretamente o tratamento. Cerca de 57% dos participantes estavam com a pressão arterial (PA) alterada, o que pode ter relação direta com a baixa adesão ao tratamento. Dessa forma, fi ca evidente a importância do desenvolvimento de ações interdisciplinares de educação em saúde para o manejo e melhor controle da hipertensão e diabetes em tais pacientes.
STUDIUM PRZYPADKU W BADANIACH GLOTTODYDAKTYCZNYCH
Authors: Jaroszewska Anna 
Published: July 2020

The presented article is an attempt at providing a systematic outline of the basic information on the case study in the context of using in the language teaching studies. Surely, it is not discovering any new knowledge. It is rather a discussion of some obvious issues which especially young researchers frequently remain unconscious of. Simultaneously, it is aimed at provoking thinking on the topic, followed by popularising this highly interesting and valuable method as it enables to study any human activity, both the mental one and the one related to social relations, on many planes. Obviously, provided specific conditions are met.
A green strategy for obtaining anthraquinones from Rheum tanguticum by subcritical water
Authors: Zhang Guoying , Chi Xiaofeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRheum tanguticum is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which contains abundant anthraquinones. In this study, anthraquinones were efficiently extracted from Rheum tanguticum by subcritical water extraction (SWE). The parameters of extraction time (33–67 min), temperature (100–200°C), and SW flow rate (1.4–4.6 mL/min) were optimized so as to achieve a high yield of the target product. A high yield of the total anthraquinones was achieved under the optimized SWE conditions of extraction time 54 min, extraction temperature 170°C, and the flow rate 2.0 mL/min. The comparison between the SWE and traditional extraction techniques implied that the SWE is an efficient and green alternative method for the extraction of anthraquinones. Four anthraquinone glycosides were purified from the SWE extract by high-speed counter-current chromatography and identified as emodin-1-O-β-D-glucoside, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, chrysophanol-1-O-β-D-glucoside, and chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucoside.
Application of drug–metal ion interaction principle in conductometric determination of imatinib, sorafenib, gefitinib and bosutinib
Authors: Alhazmi Hassan A. , Ali Bokar Nasib AbdulRhman , Musleh Yasser Ali , Hijri Khaled Qassim , Rehman Zia ur , Khuwaja Gulrana , Al-Bratty Mohammed , Javed Sadique A. , Arbab Ismail A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn analytical method for the quantification of anticancer agents such as imatinib, sorafenib, gefitinib and bosutinib using conductometry was developed. Each drug solution was mixed with measured concentration of metal ion (Cu2+) solution resulting in drug–metal ion complexation in the titration cell. Conductance was progressively decreased on addition of the analyte solution up to a point of maximum reduction, that is, the end point. Corrected conductance values were calculated from the observed conductance and used to plot a graph against the volume of drug solution added. No interferences were observed from blank and placebo as they gave no clear inflection in the conductivity during titration. The precision and the accuracy of the developed method was established by the analysis of quality control samples; %RSD of corrected conductance values <2% and recovery results within 100 ± 2% were achieved. The calibration graphs obtained were linear over the concentrations 1.0–1.4 mM for all the drugs (R2> 0.99). The drugs were successfully analyzed in their respective dosage forms prepared in-house. The method has offered easier, faster and cost-effective analysis of the selected drugs and can be used for routine determinations in the quality control laboratories. More importantly, it is an environmental friendly procedure, as no organic solvent was used throughout the analysis.