bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Endourological procedures with or without double-J stent on sexual function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Junlin , Lu Yinghong , Xun Yang , Chen Fan , Wang Shaogang , Cao Shiyi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Endourological procedures are widely used to treat benign urinary disorders and the double-J stent is routinely used. However, its potential impact on sexual function remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a quantitative systematic review to determine the relationship between endourological procedures with or without double-J stent and post-operative sexual function.

Methods
We conducted a search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases up to December 2018 for studies that compared sexual function before and after endourological procedures. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I). We performed subgroup analyses to explore heterogeneity. A random effects model was used to combine the results.

Results
Five prospective studies involving 485 sexually active participants were identified. Pooled results showed that, in patients without a double-J stent, the change in sexual function after endourological procedures was not significant in men (mean difference [MD]: − 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: − 1.43 to 0.22, p = 0.148) or women (MD: 0.53, 95% CI: − 0.52 to 1.57, p = 0.322). However, in patients with indwelling double-J stent, sexual function scores significantly declined after the procedure in both men (MD: -4.25, 95% CI: − 6.20 to − 2.30, p < 0.001) and women (MD: -7.17, 95% CI: − 7.88 to − 6.47, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis suggests that indwelling double-J stent after endourological procedures could be a crucial factor causing temporary sexual dysfunction post-operatively. Our results may be used to provide evidence-based advice to patients.
Where is clinical research for radiotherapy going? Cross-sectional comparison of past and contemporary phase III clinical trials
Authors: Park Sunmin , Rim Chai Hong , Yoon Won Sup 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The features of past and contemporary phase III clinical trials for radiotherapy were reviewed to activate future clinical trials and to advise on actual clinical practice.

Methods and materials
The phase III clinical trials for radiotherapy were searched in the database of ‘ClinicalTrials.gov’ by the U.S. National Institute of Health. Using the staring date, the studies during each period of 4 years were collected for the past (from Jan 2000 to Dec 2003) and contemporary (July 2014 to June 2018) years. For the investigated subjects, the patterns of studies were classified as: Category A, the comparisons of rival radiotherapy protocols; Category B, the comparisons of multidisciplinary approaches; Category C, the investigation of supplementary agents; and Category D, the investigation of optimal partners for concurrent radiotherapy.

Results
The number of studies increased, from 96 past to 158 contemporary studies. The patterns of studies were similar with the mild increase of Category A in the contemporary years (22.9% vs. 29.1%). For the study locations and the funding sources, the Chinese studies (2.1% vs. 34.2%, P < 0.001) and the affiliated institutions of researchers (37.5% vs. 72.2%, P < 0.001) markedly increased in the contemporary years from the past Western studies and non-profit organization, respectively. The robust radiation techniques were more usual in the contemporary years (11.5% vs. 44.9%, P < 0.001). The fractionation schedule and delivery technique were the common issues in both past and contemporary years of Category A. In Category B, the indications of stereotactic radiotherapy was the rising concern, with eight ongoing studies. Except for the studies of palliative or prophylactic goals and stereotactic radiotherapy, the escape from conventional fraction size was 37.9% (36/95) in the contemporary years with the median fraction size of 2.5 Gy (range 2.05–6.6 Gy) in the comparison with 19.0% (15/79) in the past years (P = 0.006).

Conclusions
To activate the clinical trials for radiotherapy, the funding sources would be diversified, including industrial support. Hypofractionated schedules using robust techniques could be preemptively considered in actual clinical practice.
Diagnostically challenging human papillomavirus-associated primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum with metastasis in both ovaries: a case report
Authors: Tschann P. , Lechner D. , Feurstein B. , Abendstein B. , Dertinger S. , Bösl A. , Vitlarov N. , Offner F. , Königsrainer I. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Squamous cell carcinomas of the rectum are extremely rare and their pathogenesis is still under debate. Their proper diagnosis and treatment may thus be challenging.

Case presentation
A 52-year-old Caucasian woman was transferred to our department with a history of pelvic pain. Colonoscopy revealed a small tumorous lesion of the upper rectum and an endoscopic biopsy showed infiltration of the rectal mucosa by a squamous cell carcinoma. Afterward, tumorous lesions were found on imaging in both her ovaries. A laparoscopy with adnexectomy and anal mapping was performed and revealed tumor masses of squamous cell carcinoma in both ovaries. Based on the large size of the ovarian tumors and the concurrence of extensive, partly ciliated, macrocystic epithelium in one of the ovaries, a diagnosis of ovarian squamous cell carcinoma arising from a mature teratoma was rendered. However, human papillomavirus genotyping analyses were positive for human papillomavirus-16 in both the rectal tumor and ovarian tumors leading to a final diagnosis of a human papillomavirus-associated rectal squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to both ovaries. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy of her rectum, total mesorectal excision, and hysterectomy were performed followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Colorectal squamous cell carcinoma is a rare disease. In cases of colorectal squamous cell carcinoma, metastatic disease at any other location has to be excluded. Human papillomavirus genotyping is essential in this context. Discussion of the treatment strategies should be interdisciplinary and include chemoradiation therapy and radical surgery.
Local monotonicity coefficients in Orlicz sequence spaces equipped with the p-Amemiya norm
Authors: He Xin , Cui Yunan , Hudzik Henryk 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the monotonicity is investigated with respect to Orlicz sequence space $l_{\varPhi , p}$

l

Φ
,
p

equipped with the p-Amemiya norm, and the necessary and sufficient condition is obtained to guarantee the uniform monotonicity, locally uniform monotonicity, and strict monotonicity for $l_{\varPhi , p}$

l

Φ
,
p

. This completes the results of the paper (Cui et al. in J. Math. Anal. Appl. 432:1095–1105, 2015) which were obtained for the non-atomic measure space. Local upper and lower coefficients of monotonicity at any point of the unit sphere are calculated, $l_{\varPhi , p}$

l

Φ
,
p

is calculated.
Effects of aging on foot pedal responses to visual stimuli
Authors: Yuda Emi , Yoshida Yutaka , Ueda Norihiro , Kaneko Itaru , Miura Yutaka , Hayano Junichiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Car accidents due to unexpected forward or backward runaway by older drivers are a serious social problem. Although the cause of these accidents is often attributed to stepping on the accelerator instead of the brake, it is difficult to induce such pedal application errors systematically with usual drive simulators. We developed a simple personal computer system that induces the pedal errors, and investigate the effects of age on the error behaviors.

Methods
The system consisted of a laptop computer and a three-pedal foot mouse. It measured response time, accuracy, and flexibility of pedal operation to visual stimuli. The system displayed two open circles on the computer display, lighting one of the circles in a random order and interval. Subjects were instructed to press the foot pedal with their right foot as quickly as possible when the circle was lit; the ipsilateral pedal to the lit circle in a parallel mode and the contralateral pedal in a cross mode. When the correct pedal was pressed, the light went off immediately, but when the wrong pedal was pressed, the buzzer sounded and the light remained on until the correct pedal was pressed. During a 6-min trial, the mode was switched between parallel and cross every 2 min. During the cross mode, a cross mark appears on the display. The pedal responses were evaluated in 52 subjects divided into young (20–29 years), middle-aged (30–64 years), and older (65–84 years) groups. Additionally, the repeatability of the pedal response characteristic indicators was examined in 14 subjects who performed this test twice.

Results
The mean response time was 95 ms (17%) longer in the older group than in the young group. More characteristically, however, the older group showed 2.1 times more frequent pedal errors, fell into long hesitations (response freezing > 3 s) 16 times more often, and took 1.8 times longer period to correct the wrong pedal than the young groups. The indicators of pedal response characteristics showed within-individual repeatability to the extent that can identify the age-dependent changes.

Conclusions
Hesitations and extended error correction time can be associated with increased crash risk due to unexpected runaway by older drivers. The system we have developed may help to uncover and evaluate physiological characteristics related to crash risk in the elderly population.
The role of schizotypal traits and the OXTR gene in theory of mind in schizophrenia: A family-based study
Authors: Giralt-López M. , Miret S. , Soler J. , Campanera S. , Parellada M. , Fañanás L. , Fatjó-Vilas M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background.
There is consistent evidence that theory of mind (ToM) is impaired in schizophrenia (SZ); however, it remains unclear whether such deficits are trait- or state-dependent. We evaluated ToM in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs), their healthy first-degree relatives, and controls to test its suitability as an endophenotypic marker. We also studied the modifying effect of markers of clinical and genetic liability to SZ (schizotypy and genetic variability in the oxytocin receptor gene: OXTR) on ToM in healthy individuals.

Methods.
The sample included 38 stable SSD patients, 80 unaffected first-degree relatives, and 81 controls. ToM was assessed using the Hinting Task (HT) and schizotypy via the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B), which generates interpersonal (SPQ-IP), cognitive-perceptual (SPQ-CP), and disorganization (SPQ-D) scores. The polymorphism rs53576 of OXTR was genotyped.

Results.
Patients presented poorer HT performance than relatives and controls (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001). High SPQ-IP and SPQ-CP scores correlated with poorer ToM performance in relatives (p = 0.010 and p = 0.030), but not in controls. OXTR was not associated with HT scores, but it showed a modifying effect within controls; high SPQ-CP was related to HT poorer performance conditional to GG genotype (p = 0.007).

Conclusions.
ToM deficits were present in patients but not in unaffected relatives or controls. However, our data indicate the usefulness of clinical and genetic liability markers to characterize differences in ToM abilities within healthy individuals. Then, the observed link between ToM and SZ liability suggests the putative role of ToM as an endophenotypic marker. Nevertheless, new analyses in larger samples are needed.
The impact of mental vulnerability on the relationship between cardiovascular disease and depression
Authors: Jørgensen Terese Sara Høj , Wium-Andersen Marie Kim , Jørgensen Martin Balslev , Osler Merete 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground.The mechanisms linking cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression are still not established. We investigated the impact of mental vulnerability on the relationship between CVD and depression.Methods.A total of 19,856 individuals from five cohorts of random samples of the background population in Copenhagen were followed from baseline (1983–2011) until 2017 in Danish registries. Additive hazard and Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the effects of confounding by mental vulnerability as well as interactions between mental vulnerability and CVD on the risk of depression.Results.During follow-up, 15.3% developed CVD, while 18.1% experienced depression. A strong positive association between CVD and depression (hazard ratio: 3.60 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 3.30; 3.92]) corresponding to 35.4 (95% CI: 31.7; 39.1) additional cases per 1,000 person-years was only slightly attenuated after adjustment for mental vulnerability in addition to other confounders. Synergistic interaction between CVD and mental vulnerability was identified in the additive hazard model. Due to interaction between CVD and mental vulnerability, CVD was associated with 50.9 more cases of depression per 1,000 person-years among individuals with high mental vulnerability compared with individuals with low mental vulnerability.Conclusions.Mental vulnerability did not explain the strong relationship between CVD and depression. CVD was associated with additional cases of depression among individuals with higher mental vulnerability indicating that this group holds the greatest potential for intervention, for example, in rehabilitation settings.
Risk of Postdural Puncture Headache in Adolescents and Adults
Authors: DelPizzo Kate , Luu Thuyvan , Fields Kara G. , Sideris Alexandra , Dong Naomi , Edmonds Chris , Zayas Victor M. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:
Spinal anesthesia is known to have numerous benefits, including reductions in nausea and opioid consumption; however, postdural puncture headache (PDPH) remains a significant risk associated with this technique. The literature specifically examining this complication in adolescents is scarce. Our primary objective was therefore (1) to estimate the incidence of PDPH with a 27G pencil-point needle in patients between the ages of 12 and 19 undergoing ambulatory lower extremity procedures and (2) to compare it to the incidence in adults aged 20–45 years.

METHODS:
After institutional review board (IRB) approval, patients aged 12–45 years undergoing ambulatory lower extremity surgery were approached. Patients undergoing the procedure under combined spinal-epidural (CSE) or spinal anesthesia with a 27G pencil-point needle were eligible for enrollment. Patients were consented before surgery and received a survey via e-mail on postoperative day (POD) 4 inquiring about the presence of a headache. Each headache was described by the participant and assessed for severity, time of onset, duration, location, and whether it was of a postural nature. All patients reporting a postural headache were contacted by a physician author to confirm a diagnosis of PDPH using the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria.

RESULTS:
A total of 656 patients were included in the analysis. Overall, 3.4% of patients developed PDPH. The percentage developing PDPH was 4.9% (3.0–7.8) among those aged 12–19 years and 1.8% (0.8–3.9) in the 20- to 45-year-old group. After adjusting for covariates, the age group between 12 and 19 years was associated with an almost 3-fold increase in the odds (2.8 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.1–7.3]) for the development of PDPH compared to that in the 20–45 age group. One patient in the adult group required an epidural blood patch.

CONCLUSIONS:
The overall incidence for the development of PDPH in ambulatory patients <45 years of age is low. However, the odds for developing PDPH is significantly higher in teenagers compared to those aged 20–45 years. This increase was not associated with an increase in the need for an epidural blood patch. Providers may incorporate these data in their consent process and have a higher index of suspicion for PDPH in teenagers who report headaches after neuraxial anesthesia.
On a single particle potential for atomic clusters
Authors: Kotsos B. A. , Liolios Th. E. , Grypeos M. E. , Koutroulos C. G. , Massen S. E. 
Published: February 2020

The single-particle potential V(r) = -Vo[1+(r/K)^β)^-1, which has been proposed in the recent years for atomic (metal) clusters, is studied analytically in the case β = 2. By using perturbation-type techniques, approximate analytic expressions are obtained for the energy eigenvalues and other physically interesting quantities showing the variation of these quantities with the number of valence electrons. The accuracy is tested for Al clusters and is usually very good.
Description of the generalized momentum distribution in finite nuclei within t h e independent-particle shell model
Authors: Papakonstantinou P. , Mavrommatis E. , Kosmas T. S. 
Published: February 2020

A method for calculating the generalized momentum distribution in finite nuclear systems is presented and discussed within the context of the independent particle shell model. Application to the light closed-shell nuclei 16O and 40Ca is included.
Patient education for preventing recurrence of venous leg ulcers: a systematic review
Authors: Shanley Emer , Moore Zena , Patton Declan , O’Connor Tom , Nugent Linda , Budri Aglecia MV , Avsar Pinar 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To investigate the impact of patient education interventions on preventing the recurrence of venous leg ulcers (VLU). Method: A systematic review was undertaken using the following databases: Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; The Cochrane Library); Ovid; Ovid (In-process and Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid Embase and EBSCO CINAHL. Trial registries and reference lists of relevant publications for published and ongoing trials were also searched. There were no language or publication date restrictions. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs of patient educational interventions for preventing VLU recurrence were included. Review authors working independently assessed trials for their appropriateness for inclusion and for their risk of bias, using pre-determined inclusion and quality criteria. Results: A total of four studies met the inclusion criteria (274 participants). Each trial explored different interventions as follows: the Lively legs programme; education delivered via a video compared with education delivered via a pamphlet; the Leg Ulcer Prevention Programme and the Lindsay Leg Club. Only one study reported the primary outcome of incidence of VLU recurrence. All studies reported at least one of the secondary outcomes: patient behaviours, patient knowledge and patient quality of life (QoL). It is uncertain whether patient education programmes make any difference to VLU recurrence at 18 months (risk ratio [RR]: 0.82; 95% confidence interval: [CI] 0.59 to 1.14) or to patient behaviours (walked at least 10 minutes/five days a week RR: 1.48; 95%CI: 0.99 to 2.21; walked at least 30 minutes/five days a week: RR 1.14; 95%CI: 0.66 to 1.98; performed leg exercises: RR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.04 to 2.09); to knowledge scores (MD (mean difference) 5.12, 95% CI –1.54 to 11.78); or to QoL (MD: 0.85, 95% CI –0.13 to 1.83), as the certainty of evidence has been assessed as very low. It is also uncertain whether different types of education delivery make any difference to knowledge scores (MD: 12.40; 95%CI: –5.68 to 30.48). Overall, GRADE assessments of the evidence resulted predominantly in judgments of very low certainty. The studies were at high risk of bias and outcome measures were imprecise due to wide CIs and small sample sizes. Conclusion: It is uncertain whether education makes any difference to the prevention of VLU recurrence. Therefore, further well-designed trials, addressing important clinical, QoL and economic outcomes are justified, based on the incidence of the problem and the high costs associated with VLU management.
Neurogenesis, Myelination, and Circuitry: The Case for a Distributed Therapeutic Regimen in Down Syndrome
Authors: Haydar Tarik F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
One of the overriding hopes of the Down syndrome (DS) research community is to arrive at a better understanding of how trisomy 21 affects brain development and function, and that doing so will improve quality of life and independence for people with DS. In searching for the underlying causes of intellectual disability in DS, researchers and clinicians have studied how changes to genes and cells may relate to motor and cognitive function. Thus far, alterations in many areas of the central nervous system have been found and it is now known that, beginning before birth, different changes occur in different areas over the course of life. Because of these spatial and temporal variations, multiple approaches for addressing motor and cognitive function must be considered.
Bionic-compound-eye structure for realizing a compact integral imaging 3D display in a cell phone with enhanced performance
Authors: Zhao Zi-Feng , Liu Juan , Zhang Zhi-Qi , Xu Liang-Fa 
Published: February 2020

A bionic-compound-eye structure (BCES), which is a substitute of a microlens array, is proposed to enhance the performance of integral imaging (II) 3D display systems. Hexagonal ocelli without gaps and barriers are predesigned to obtain a continuous image, high-resolution, and uniform parallax. A curved substrate is designed to enhance the viewing angle. In addition, ocelli are fused with the substrate to form a relief structure, BCES. When they are placed above a normal display, continuous and full-parallax 3D images with 150 µm effective resolution and a 28° horizontal, 22° vertical viewing angle could be achieved, about twice as much as that of normal systems. The weight of the BCES is 31 g, and the thickness of the whole system is 22 mm; thus, the BCES-based II (BCES-II) is very compact. In addition, this structure can be easily integrated into a cell phone or iPad for compact quasi-2D and 3D adjustable display.
Quantum statistical signature of $ {\cal P}{\cal T} $PT symmetry breaking
Authors: Longhi Stefano 
Published: February 2020

In multiparticle quantum interference, bosons show rather generally the tendency to bunch together, while fermions cannot. This behavior, which is rooted in the different statistics of the particles, results in a higher coincidence rate

P

for fermions than for bosons, i.e.,

P

(
b
o
s
)

<

P

(
f
e
r
m
)

. However, in lossy systems, such a general rule can be violated because bosons can avoid lossy regions. Here it is shown that, in a rather general optical system showing passive parity–time (

P

T

) symmetry, at the

P

T

symmetry breaking phase transition point, the coincidence probabilities for bosons and fermions are equalized, while in the broken

P

T

phase, the reversal

P

(
b
o
s
)

>

P

(
f
e
r
m
)

is observed. Such effect is exemplified by considering the passive

P

T

-symmetric optical directional coupler.