bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coloniality of Mixed Race and Mixed Language
Authors: Reyes Angela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter situates the study of race, language, and mixedness within imperial histories through which notions of racial and linguistic hybridity were and continue to be developed. It argues that questions of “mixed race” and “mixed language” are less about mixing races and languages and more about how evaluations of who and what is regarded as mixed are authorized in the ongoing reproduction of colonial hierarchies. After reviewing past research on mixed race and language, the chapter theoretically situates the concepts of race, language, and hybridity within a framework of coloniality that considers colonial, scientific, and liberal discourses surrounding imperial conquest. The chapter introduces four paradigms of mixedness that have been produced through this history: immiscibility, absorption, blend, and end. The chapter concludes with a case study to illustrate how notions of racial and linguistic hybridity frame a contemporary elite figure in the Philippines.
Race, SIGNS, and the Body
Authors: Smalls Krystal A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter considers the utility of a racial semiotics, or raciosemiotics, to further explore the ways race, language, and the body co-construct one another via multiscalar signification. It begins with a brief overview of semiotic theory, underscoring contemporary scholars’ focus on context and materiality. Drawing from Fanonian phenomenology and from ethnographic research with Black-identified young people in the United States and Liberia, the chapter discusses how antiblackness, as a transhistorical interpretive frame, compounds the semiotic weight of Black bodies and shapes how individuals in such bodies make meaning with others. Finally, by focusing on the racialized body in the construction of meaning, I suggest that attending closely to young people’s raciosemiotic labor—meaning-making about and through race—can move us closer towards developing a theory of racial semiotics.
“You Met My Ambassador”
Authors: Cornelius Brianna R. , Barrett Rusty 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter focuses on race, sexuality, and self-monitoring by exploring the language practices of black gay men. We show how black gay men use language to creatively navigate the double-bind of homophobia in some black communities and the widespread racism found in predominantly white gay male communities. In our analysis of the speech of one black gay man (Bakari), we examine how he monitors his language and comportment as he constructs a black gay identity. Bakari creates the persona of an “ambassador,” which affords him more acceptance within discriminatory contexts, at least temporarily. We show how individuals who are both sexual and racial minorities use a complex set of linguistic resources in order to navigate the harmful, discriminatory discourses that they face in their daily lives.
Race, Humor, and Politics
Authors: Perrino Sabina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFrom a country of emigrants, Italy has recently become a receiver of migrants. These new, reverse direction migratory flows have triggered strong reactions by Italians, such as nativist discourses about national culture and identity and aggressive, exclusionary, anti-immigration politics. This chapter explores how everyday Italian discursive practices—joke-telling, in particular—operate in relation to these politics, at times totally or partially excluding migrants while simultaneously creating intimate spaces of inclusion for Italians. By codeswitching, for example, from standardized Italian into their local code during joke-telling performances that feature migrants, Northern Italian speech participants address audiences who are presumed to “share” this code while enacting exclusionary stances. This chapter also demonstrates that dichotomies such as exclusion/inclusion are inadequate analytical tools, and it proposes more processual approaches to participation.
“I Don’t Care about London”: Punk in Britain’s Provinces, circa 1976–1984
Authors: Worley Matthew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter will look at punk’s impact across Britain’s towns and cities, moving away from the London- and Manchester-centric narratives that tend to dominate most historical accounts. By so doing, it endeavors to offer a provincial view of punk’s dissemination, shedding light on the culture’s transmission and mutation. Punk culture morphed as it was received away from its initial source; its aesthetics, sounds, and performance were filtered through local contexts to be mis- and reinterpreted in about equal measure. By drawing attention to the infrastructure of punk in the provinces, historically mining the traces left by certain spaces, record labels, and fanzines, the chapter recovers the legacy of punk at the grass roots and reveals the deeply engrained stains left on the cultural fabric.
Contracts and Copyright: Contemporary Musician Income Streams
Authors: García Kristelia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Musicians typically earn revenues from two sources: copyright law and contract. The proportion of revenue derived from each of these sources varies from artist to artist, but an understanding of the general distribution of earnings from each source is useful when considering proposed legislative amendments. Through a series of qualitative interviews with working musicians, this article contributes to the ongoing conversation around copyright’s import to, and impact on, musician revenue at different career stages.
Consequentialism, the Separateness of Persons, and Aggregation
Authors: Brink David O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis essay reconstructs and assesses claims that utilitarianism and, more generally, consequentialism have inadequate conceptions of distributive justice, because their aggregative character ignores the separateness of persons. On this view, the separateness of persons requires a fundamentally anti-aggregative conception of distributive justice. Even if this objection applies to some forms of utilitarianism, it won’t apply to forms of consequentialism that recognize some conception of distributive justice as an important nonderivative good. Moreover, the separateness of persons poses, rather than resolves, questions about the role of aggregation within distributive justice. This essay explores the adequacy of some consequentialist answers to these questions and defends selective, rather than unrestricted, aggregation.
Alternatives
Authors: Smith Holly M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConsequentialists have long debated (as deontologists should) how to define an agent’s alternatives, given that (a) at any particular time an agent performs numerous “versions” of actions, (b) an agent may perform several independent co-temporal actions, and (c) an agent may perform sequences of actions. We need a robust theory of human action to provide an account of alternatives that avoids previously debated problems. After outlining Alvin Goldman’s action theory (which takes a fine-grained approach to act individuation) and showing that the agent’s alternatives must remain invariant across different normative theories, I address issue (a) by arguing that an alternative for an agent at a time is an entire “act tree” performable by her, rather than any individual act token. I argue further that both tokens and trees must possess moral properties, and I suggest principles governing how these are inherited among trees and tokens. These proposals open a path for future work addressing issues (b) and (c).
Comparative Effectiveness Research, Learning Health Systems, and Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kim Scott Y. H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) comparing interventions “within the standard of care” can efficiently yield important real-world evidence for healthcare practice and policymaking. But since PCTs attempt to mimic real-world procedures, any requirements added to the PCTs—even ethical requirements such as informed consent—can compromise the pragmatic nature of the trials. Many therefore treat such PCTs as ethically exceptional and propose that if PCTs compare two standard interventions, by that mere fact they pose no more than minimal risk—making them candidates for waivers of informed consent. This chapter argues that such an approach misunderstands research risks, is dangerous, and is unnecessary. Using a rigorous research analysis model, the chapter argues that instead of discarding the research–treatment distinction, it is better to pragmatically integrate research and clinical ethics.
Patient Protection and Paternalism in Psychotherapy
Authors: Annoni Marco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides a synthetic overview of the ethics of paternalism in psychotherapy with a focus on involuntary hospitalization to protect patients from self-harm. Paternalism entails the intentional overriding of someone’s preferences or actions on grounds of beneficence and nonmaleficence. After the emergence of autonomy in medical ethics, paternalism is generally considered prima facie wrong, as it infringes on patient autonomy, trust, and right to informed consent. In particular, the use of paternalism in psychotherapy raises a host of complex and delicate ethical issues due to the nature of the therapeutic relationship and the difficulty to assess the autonomy of the person who will supposedly benefit from the paternalistic intervention.
The Audio-Visual Aesthetics of Music and Dance
Authors: Orgs Guido , Howlin Claire 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dance and music appear to belong together: Conventional definitions of dance often conceive it as a rhythmical activity in which a series of steps is performed to musical accompaniment. Indeed, dance and music share many similarities such as rhythm and may have co-evolved as a form of nonverbal communication between groups of people. Despite a rich history of composers and choreographers exploring the aesthetic relationship between dance and music, only a few scientific studies have systematically explored how the visual aesthetics of dance interact with the auditory aesthetics of sound and music. In this chapter we will focus on such interactions; we will explore the common evolutionary origins of dance and music and review existing research on how dance and music influence each other to produce an audio-visual aesthetics of sound and movement. The chapter will explore interactions in both directions: music influences dance perception by altering movement expressiveness, orienting visual attention, and by modulating memory. At the same time music perception strongly depends on groove and danceability and is shaped by the listener’s dance experience. The chapter closes with a review of methodological challenges to studying the audio-visual aesthetics of dance and music and suggestions for future research in this field.
James and Politics
Authors: Throntveit Trygve , Kloppenberg James T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
William James never developed a comprehensive political philosophy. The radically pluralist epistemology and metaphysics for which “pragmatism” became his shorthand represented a revolt against all closed systems of thought. Yet James’s very resistance to certainty and finality led him to participate actively in civic life. Varying by context, this activity was consistently guided by James’s pragmatist accounts of individual experience, moral obligation, and social interdependence, which to him implied a collective, ongoing responsibility to balance freedom, justice, and order amid complexity and change. Though providing no detailed blueprint for achieving and maintaining that balance, James’s writings suggest a suite of practices and institutions that, in various forms and degrees, have proven effective in the past and deserve continued trial. These writings also articulate a regulative ideal by which to evaluate all such experiments: an ideal of popular participation in all levels of social ordering that James described, toward the end of his life, as “radical democracy.”
Experiments in the Principia
Authors: Smith George E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Newton carried out four groundbreaking experiments in conjunction with the Principia and proposed a fifth. This chapter reviews his reasons for doing them, their design, and what they achieved. The four include a two-pendulum experiment early in 1685 to establish that the action of gravitational forces on a body is always proportional to its mass and hence that all bodies at any point respond to a gravitational force in the same way. In that same year he conducted a ballistic pendulum experiment to establish that this third law of motion holds for impact of spheres of a wide range of elastic responses, in the process identifying what became known as the coefficient of restitution. He carried out two sets of experiments measuring fluid resistance forces on spheres, the less than successful first relying on pendulum decay and then, for the second edition, vertical-fall. All five experiments were designed to “put the question to nature” in the sense that the three laws of motion enable their results to yield theory-mediated answers to theretofore open questions about forces—and thus parallel the answers to questions about celestial forces drawn from planetary motions that form the core of the Principia.
Exploring the Barriers to Policing Financial Crime in England and Wales
Authors: Gilmour Paul Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe police service in England and Wales has been subject of much criticism in the past two decades over the policing response to financial crime. Many studies have reported failures in how the police investigate and prosecute financial crime, which have led to many victims being dissatisfied with the service provided by police. Yet, there has been little research into the barriers facing police investigators entrusted with tackling financial crime. This article reports on a study into such barriers, through surveys and interviews with investigators that aimed to better understand the challenges faced by police forces within England and Wales. It demonstrates several overriding practical and cultural issues that inhibit the success of investigations. The article concludes that police need a better appreciation of financial crime, to help improve the service delivered to victims, and to prioritize this often-undervalued field of policing.
Norwich COVID-19 testing initiative pilot: evaluating the feasibility of asymptomatic testing on a university campus
Authors: Gillam T Berger , Cole J , Gharbi K , Angiolini E , Barker T , Bickerton P , Brabbs T , Chin J , Coen E , Cossey S , Davey R , Davidson R , Durrant A , Edwards D , Hall N , Henderson S , Hitchcock M , Irish N , Lipscombe J , Jones G , Parr G , Rushworth S , Shearer N , Smith R , Steel N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
There is a high prevalence of COVID-19 in university-age students, who are returning to campuses. There is little evidence regarding the feasibility of universal, asymptomatic testing to help control outbreaks in this population. This study aimed to pilot mass COVID-19 testing on a university research park, to assess the feasibility and acceptability of scaling up testing to all staff and students.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional feasibility study on a university research park in the East of England. All staff and students (5625) were eligible to participate. All participants were offered four PCR swabs, which they self-administered over two weeks. Outcome measures included uptake, drop-out rate, positivity rates, participant acceptability measures, laboratory processing measures, data collection and management measures.

Results
798 (76%) of 1053 who registered provided at least one swab; 687 (86%) provided all four; 792 (99%) of 798 who submitted at least one swab had all negative results and 6 participants had one inconclusive result. There were no positive results. 458 (57%) of 798 participants responded to a post-testing survey, demonstrating a mean acceptability score of 4.51/5, with five being the most positive.

Conclusions
Repeated self-testing for COVID-19 using PCR is feasible and acceptable to a university population.
Mutual Fund Trading Style and Bond Market Fragility
Authors: Anand Amber , Jotikasthira Chotibhak , Venkataraman Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We explore the link between mutual funds and fragility risk in the corporate bond market. We classify a fund’s trading style based on its responses to signals of large dealer inventories. Trading style is persistent and the majority of funds demand liquidity. Notably, a subset of funds earn positive alpha by intentionally supplying liquidity during periods of sustained customer selling (with transitory price effects). Liquidity-supplying funds maintain their relative trading style when facing large outflows and elevated market stress, thus alleviating fragility risk. Our results add nuance to existing evidence that mutual funds pose a threat to market stability.
Sleep characteristics, cognitive performance, and gray matter volume: findings from the BiDirect Study
Authors: Hermesdorf Marco , Szentkirályi András , Teismann Henning , Teismann Inga , Young Peter , Berger Klaus 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep is essential for restorative metabolic changes and its physiological correlates can be examined using overnight polysomnography. However, the association between physiological sleep characteristics and brain structure is not well understood. We aimed to investigate gray matter volume and cognitive performance related to physiological sleep characteristics.

Methods
Polysomnographic recordings from 190 community-dwelling participants were analyzed with a principal component analysis in order to identify and aggregate shared variance into principal components. The relationship between aggregated sleep components and gray matter volume was then analyzed using voxel-based morphometry. In addition, we explored how cognitive flexibility, selective attention, and semantic fluency were related to aggregated sleep components and gray matter volume.

Results
Three principal components were identified from the polysomnographic recordings. The first component, primarily described by apnea events and cortical arousal, was significantly associated with lower gray matter volume in the left frontal pole. This apnea-related component was furthermore associated with lower cognitive flexibility and lower selective attention.

Conclusions
Sleep disrupted by cortical arousal and breathing disturbances is paralleled by lower gray matter volume in the frontal pole, a proposed hub for the integration of cognitive processes. The observed effects provide new insights on the interplay between disrupted sleep, particularly breathing disturbances and arousal, and the brain.
Group mentoring and leadership growth in behavioral medicine
Authors: Sheinfeld Gorin Sherri N , Lee Rebecca E , Knight Sara J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince its inception in 2016, the establishment of learning communities led by senior Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) members has been central to the SBM’s Mid-Career Leadership Institute (Institute). At the beginning of an initial two-day intensive workshop, groups of approximately six fellows are placed together, and one or two senior SBM members are asked to lead group mentoring. Senior SBM members serve as mentors during quarterly calls that are conducted over the year in order for group members to develop and present an individual leadership project at the following annual meeting. Group mentoring relies on the social dynamic that emerges from the group’s own social norms and roles; it is designed to advance the careers of group members. To our knowledge, this is the first commentary describing a program of formal group mentoring for mid-career leadership development in a professional association. Based on the authors’ experience as mentors, thematic and descriptive analyses of the initial workshop evaluations, and contemporaneous notes, we discuss the structure, process, and project outcomes of the formal group mentoring in SBM’s Institute. Early process evaluation of the Institute suggests that the Fellows benefitted from the group mentoring experience.
Using a group development framework to maximize leadership strategies in the inaugural session of the Society of Behavioral Medicine Leadership Institute
Authors: Ford Sabrina , Peterson Caryn E , Whiteley Jessica , Kiviniemi Marc T , Martin Michelle Y , Carpenter Kelly M , Whitt-Glover Melicia C , Jacob Arriola Kimberly R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The 2016–2017 Inaugural Class of the Society of Behavioral Medicine Leadership Institute (SBM LI) debuted to an eager team of 36 mid-career fellows led by energetic mentors, professional coaches, and career development experts. Fellows were divided into learning communities of eight participants for deeper engagement. Our “Green Team” learning community bonded quickly and actively committed to our collective progress and projects. Upon returning home from the in-person sessions, our activities included monthly team conference calls and consultation with our mentors and selected coaches. The Green Team regularly communicated throughout the year, giving feedback to each other about our projects to be presented at the 2017 SBM Annual Meeting. We also discussed our mentoring and coaching experiences, leadership skills put to use at our institutions, and personal development. Contact continued via social media, email, teleconferencing, and collaborations at other professional meetings. The Green Team utilized the Tuckman and Jensen model of small group development to describe how we developed into a high-functioning group that maximized the resources afforded by the SBM LI to yield successful leadership outcomes. This commentary will offer an example of how a productive SBM LI team works collaboratively to utilize its mentors and resources for professional development.
Rapid vs. Slow Rewarming for Management of Moderate to Severe Hypothermia in Low-Birth-Weight Pre-term Neonates—An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jain Prerana , Dalal Jagjit Singh , Gathwala Geeta 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Evidence is lacking regarding the optimal method of rewarming hypothermic low-birth-weight (LBW) pre-term neonates. We aim to evaluate the effect of rapid vs. slow rewarming in the management of moderate to severe hypothermia in LBW pre-term neonates.

Methods
In this open label, randomized controlled trial, 100 LBW (&lt;2.5 kg), pre-term (&lt;37 weeks) neonates with moderate to severe hypothermia (&lt;36°C) was randomized to two groups of 50 each and received either rapid (at &gt;0.5°C/h) or slow (at ≤0.5°C/h) rewarming rate till normothermia. The primary outcome was stabilization score [TOPS (temperature, oxygenation, perfusion and saturation) and MSNS (modified sick neonatal score)] at baseline, 6 and 24 h and mortality until discharge. Other neonatal morbidities were assessed as secondary outcomes.

Results
Mean TOPS score and MSNS score at baseline, 6 and 24 h of admission as well as change in score from baseline were similar between the two groups. The median rewarming rate [interquartile range (IQR)] was higher in rapid rewarming group than in the slow rewarming group [5.05°C/h (3.54–7.71) vs. 0.71°C/h (0.60–0.90); p &lt; 0.001]. The median rewarming time taken in rapid rewarming group was lesser compared with that in the slow rewarming group [0.31 h (IQR 0.13–0.75) vs. 2.05 h (IQR 1.11–3.03); p &lt; 0.001]. Mortality in rapid rewarming and slow rewarming group was similar [7/50 vs. 5/50; OR 1.46 (0.43–4.97), p = 0.538]

Conclusion
Rapid rewarming was as effective and safe as slow rewarming in the management of moderate to severe hypothermia in LBW pre-term neonates with similar short-term neonatal outcomes.

CTRI number
CTRI/2018/01/011187.