bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal Higher Order Wavefront Aberrations After Hyperopic Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Nanba Atsuko , Amano Shiro , Oshika Tetsuro , Uno Toshihiko , Toshino Atsuko , Ohashi Yuichi , Yamaguchi Tatsuo , Mihashi Toshifumi 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in corneal higher order wavefront aberrations after hyperopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: In a prospective case series, 15 eyes of 12 patients who had hyperopic LASIK were evaluated. Corneal topography was obtained before and after hyperopic LASIK with a Nidek EC 5000 laser using 5.5/8.0 ablation zones. Using anterior corneal height data, the changes in corneal higher order wavefront aberrations were calculated.
RESULTS: The surgery significantly increased both corneal coma -I ike aberration (preoperative/6 months postoperative, 0.054/0.147 [172% increase] for3-mm pupil and 0.381/1.076 [182% increase] for 6-mm pupil) and corneal spherical- 1 ike aberration (preoperative/6 months postoperative, 0.039/0.067 [72% increase] for 3-mm pupil and 0.297/0.959 [223% increase] for 6mm pupil). The surgery significantly decreased Zernike coefficient 12 and the polarity of corneal spherical aberration changed from preoperative positive value to negative postoperatively. For a 3-mm pupil, the achieved changes in spherical equivalent refraction significantly correlated with the induced changes in the corneal coma-like aberration (R=0.629, P=. 010), but not with those in corneal spherical-like aberration (R =0.408, P=. 133) or Zernike coefficient 12 (R=-0.301, P =.282). For a 6-mm pupil, the achieved changes in spherical equivalent refraction significantly correlated with the induced changes in the corneal spherical-like aberration (R=0.862, P<.0001) and Zernike coefficient 12 (R= -0.872, P<.001) but not with those in corneal coma-like aberration (R =0.449, P=. 094).
CONCLUSIONS: Hyperopic LASIK significantly increases corneal coma-like and spherical-like aberrations and changes corneal spherical aberration from a positive to negative value. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:46-51.]
US Trends in Refractive Surgery: 2003 ISRS/AAO Survey
Authors: Duffey Richard J , Leaming David 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the latest trends in refractive surgery in the United States.
METHODS: All US members of the International Society of Refractive Surgery of the American Academy of Ophthalmology were mailed the 2003 refractive surgery survey dealing with volumes, types, preferences of refractive surgery performed, and use of new emerging technology. Questions regarding radial keratotomy (RK), astigmatic keratotomy (AK), limbal relaxing incisions (LRI), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), intracorneal ring segments (ICRS), laser thermokeratoplasty (LTK), conductive keratoplasty (CK), phakic intraocular lenses (PIOL), clear lens extractions (CLE), and scleral expansion (SE) procedures were examined in the survey. Use of lasers, microkeratomes, pupillometry instruments, postoperative medications, wavefront analyzers, topographers, etc were examined.
RESULTS: In 2003, LASIK continued to dominate for refractive errors between -8.00 to +3 diopters. Surgeons are waiting on the PIOL for high myopes and are performing CLE for high hype ropes. Photorefractive keratectomy, LASIK, LASEK, CLE, PIOL, and CK appeared to have bright futures; whereas, RK, ICR, LTK and SE were on the decline. Bilateral LASIK at the same surgical session is offered by 98% of surgeons. VISX lasers are used 2:1 over all other lasers in the United States. Zeiss- Humph rey still dominates topographers at 37%. The Bausch & Lomb Hansatome (48%) leads microkeratomes. Surgeons are charging, on average, $300-$500 more per eye for custom ablations and these ablations have already been accepted and integrated into refractive practices. Comanaging of refractive surgery patients is significantly down from previous years. Fourth -gene ration fluoroquinolones overtook the postoperative antibiotic prescriptions, with prednisolone and fluoromethalone dominating as anti-inflammatories.
CONCLUSIONS: Trends and changes as refractive surgery grows in the mainstream of ophthalmology in the United States continue to be elucidated by this professional organization survey. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:87-91.]
Criticality Analysis of Medical Equipment: A Case Study at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) Amman-Jordan
Authors: Abdul Jawwad Abdul Kareem , Saleem Muhammad 
Published: December 2019

Proper maintenance management of medical equipment is of prime importance to the health sector as otherwise this would result in poor treatment, longer waiting times and patients suffering as well as draining, the normally limited, financial resources of most public medical institutions. King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman-Jordan is a unique medical institution where treatment of different types of cancer is provided and where equipment unavailability is considered a risky event which may result in life-threatening complications. This is especially true for critical treatment equipment. Criticality analysis was performed on a representative sample of medical equipment at KHCC in order to assess and improve the effectiveness of current maintenance management policy. A sample of twenty-one medical devices was selected for this study. Past failure and maintenance data, in addition to relevant financial information, were collected for these devices and compiled into criticality ranks. In order to take account of the special nature of these equipment medical criticality (in terms of risk score) values were also calculated based on relevant tables of the American Society for Healthcare Engineering (ASHE). Overall criticality ranking of medical equipment was then determined based on equipment cost, ASHE risk score, reliability and maintenance cost. The present results have revealed major flaws within the purchase and maintenance policies at KHCC. For example, some extremely expensive devices with extremely high-cost maintenance contracts were revealed to exhibit low reliability values and suffer from repeated failures. These were within patient-sensitive equipment cancer treatment devices. The results also have shown that under "less than optimum" maintenance practice, the ASHE risk score may be a misleading measure of equipment criticality. This was shown by comparing the obtained overall equipment criticality to their ASHE risk score where high level of discrepancy was present between the two measures.
Prognostic Significance of Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction Assessed by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in Hospitalized Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kiran G. Ravi , Chandra Ch. Sarath , Chandrasekhar P. , Ali Mohammed 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography right ventricle ejection fraction (2D-TTE-RV-EF) calculated using 2D-TTE and compare the results with conventional RV function parameters such as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and RV fractional area change (RV-FAC) in hospitalized dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) patients.

Methods:
This is a prospective, observational study that includes 122 DCMP patients. RV was modeled as a part of an ellipsoid enabling calculation of RV volume by combining three echo measurements. RVEF is then calculated (2D-TTE-RV-EF). P< 0.05 is considered statistically significant, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine the predictors of inhospital outcomes.

Results:
The mean age of study population was 51.2 ± 9.2 years with male: female ratio of 1.8:1. Mean value of LV-EF (Simpson biplane model) and 2D-TTE-RV-EF (ellipsoid model) was 33.6% ± 7.1% and 38.1% ± 11.2%, respectively. About 41 (33.6%) patients experienced inhospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE). In multivariate regression analysis, New York Heart Association class III or IV status, reduced LV-EF, reduced 2D-TTE-RV-EF, and cardiogenic shock at presentation were found to be independent predictors of in MACE. Analysis of receiver operator characteristic curve demonstrated that the optimal cutoff value of 2D-TTE-RV-EF for predicting inhospital MACE was 32.8%.

Conclusion:
Quantitative assessment of RV function with 2D-TTE-RV-EF improves the risk stratification beyond provided by LV-EF; the prognostic value may be better than that provided by TAPSE and RV-FAC.
Impact of Ventricular Morphology on Myocardial Deformation in Patients with Single Ventricle
Authors: Ezzeldin Dina Adel , Yasmin Abd El Razek , Shouman Khaled , Atteya Heba 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
Functional single ventricle represent a heterogeneous group of anomalies sharing a common feature which is a functional single cardiac chamber. (1) In different series of congenital heart disease patients, cases of UVH represent about 1–2% of total congenital heart diseases. (2) Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography has recently emerged as a novel technique for objective and quantitative evaluation of global and regional myocardial function.

Objectives:
To determine impact of ventricular morphology on myocardial deformation in patients with single ventricle.

Patients and Methods:
The study included 47 patients with functional single ventricle whether they underwent cavopulmonary anastomosis or not. All patients were referred for elective cardiac catheterization or follow up echocardiography in Ain Shams university hospitals, Cardiology department, from November 2017 to July 2018. All patients underwent full echocardiographic assessment including assessment of the dominant ventricular function by STE.

Results:
The study included 47 patients, 30 males (63.8%) and 17 females (36.2%). Their age ranged between 6-12 years, with mean age of 8.22 ± 1.94. The morphology of the dominant ventricle determined ventricular function by both 2D parameters and STE. Patients with a dominant LV had higher strain values. Patients who underwent a cavopulmonary shunt also had better ventricular functions. All patients included in the study showed impaired dominant ventricular function by STE even those who had normal EF by standard 2D TTE suggesting that subtle ventricular dysfunction in patients with single ventricle can be unmasked by STE.
Igualitarismo e liberdade como não dominação
Authors: Araujo Reis Claudio 
Published: December 2019

A filosofia política de Rousseau sugere que há uma ligação íntima entre a garantia da liberdade (como não dominação, tal como pensada na tradição republicana) e uma constituição radicalmente democrática da sociedade, especialmente no que se refere ao processo de tomada de decisões coletivas. Este texto procura explorar alguns aspectos dessa ligação entre igualitarismo e liberdade como não dominação, a partir da teoria da democracia proposta por Rousseau no Contrato social.
Representaciones de la narcocultura en Narcos: México
Authors: Becerra Romero América Tonantzin 
Published: December 2019

El documento expone un análisis de contenido a las representaciones contenidas en la narcoserie Narcos: México, un documental dramatizado que expone el origen del narcotráfico actual. Se identificaron tres grandes representaciones: el tráfico de drogas como empresa ilegal, las pugnas por el poder y la riqueza, y la imbricación de la vida y la muerte. El riesgo de estas producciones es que las audiencias se anclen en la espectacularidad y en consecuencia, las representaciones se interpreten más desde la emoción y menos en la reflexión del fenómeno real.
Cash-Flow Model for Efficiency Evaluation in Multinational Trade Enterprises Applying E-Commerce
Authors: Burinskas Arunas , Burinskiene Aurelija 
Published: December 2019

In this study, the authors have investigated e-commerce in the activity of multinational trade enterprises (MNTEs) and highlighted the main differences between online and offline trade. Many studies are focusing on the application of e-commerce technologies but not on providing efficiency evaluation tool helping to identify how e-commerce technologies change trade business and propose its application in MNTEs. This research aims to provide the cash-flow model for an economic evaluation of investment and operations of e-commerce and traditional trade and the practical application of the model in MNTEs. To achieve this objective, the authors have proposed a cash-flow model useful for efficiency evaluation and its practical application. According to the case study analysis, trade enterprises which apply e-commerce technologies have approximately 3.7 times fewer employees and 3.1 times fewer investments in long-term tangible assets than other trade enterprises. However, MNTEs performing online business have 5.1 times fewer employees than MNTEs operating in offline. Of course, these numbers depend significantly on business size and the economies of scale. The study consists of three parts. In the first one, the paper discloses trade business changes determined by the investments into e-commerce. These results are presented on multinational and national business and disclose how actively multinational enterprises (the Mother Companies and their branches) and national ones invest in e-commerce. In the second part, the new cash-flow model is used for efficiency evaluation when trade firms practice e-commerce technologies. In the third part of this paper, the practical application of the model was delivered. Herein several trade MNTEs with and without e-commerce technologies are compared.
#EBUSTwitter: Novel Use of Social Media for Conception, Coordination, and Completion of an International, Multicenter Pathology Study
Authors: Lepe Marcos , Oltulu Pembe , Canepa Mariana , Wu Roseann I. , Deeken Amy , Alex Deepu , Dinares Carme , Doxtader Erika E. , Fitzhugh Valerie A. , Gibier Jean-Baptiste , Jain Deepali , Janaki Nafiseh , Jelinek Alexis , Labiano Tania , L'Imperio Vincenzo , Michael Claire , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Pagni Fabio , Panizo Angel , Pijuan Lara , Quintana Liza M. , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , Sanchez-Font Albert , Sansano Irene , Sauter Jennifer , Skipper Daniel , Spruill Laura S. , Torous Vanda , Gardner Jerad Michael , Jiang Xiaoyin Sara 
Published: December 2019

Context.—
Social media sites are increasingly used for education, networking, and rapid dissemination of medical information, but their utility for facilitating research has remained largely untapped.

Objective.—
To describe in detail our experience using a social media platform (Twitter) for the successful initiation, coordination, and completion of an international, multi-institution pathology research study.

Design.—
Following a tweet describing a hitherto-unreported biopsy-related histologic finding in a mediastinal lymph node following endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial needle aspiration, a tweet was posted to invite pathologists to participate in a validation study. Twitter's direct messaging feature was used to create a group to facilitate communication among participating pathologists. Contributing pathologists reviewed consecutive cases of mediastinal lymph node resection following endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial needle aspiration and examined them specifically for biopsy site changes. Data spreadsheets containing deidentified data and digital photomicrographs of suspected biopsy site changes were submitted via an online file hosting service for central review by 5 pathologists from different institutions.

Results.—
A total of 24 pathologists from 14 institutions in 5 countries participated in the study within 143 days of study conception, and a total of 297 cases were collected and analyzed. The time interval between study conception and acceptance of the manuscript for publication was 346 days.

Conclusions.—
To our knowledge, this is the first time that a social media platform has been used to generate a research idea based on a tweet, recruit coinvestigators publicly, communicate with collaborating pathologists, and successfully complete a pathology study.
Social information affects Canada goose alert and escape responses to vehicle approach: implications for animal–vehicle collisions
Authors: Blackwell Bradley F. , Seamans Thomas W. , DeVault Travis L. , Lima Steven L. , Pfeiffer Morgan B. , Fernández-Juricic Esteban 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundAnimal–vehicle collisions represent substantial sources of mortality for a variety of taxa and can pose hazards to property and human health. But there is comparatively little information available on escape responses by free-ranging animals to vehicle approach versus predators/humans.MethodsWe examined responses (alert distance and flight-initiation distance) of focal Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima) to vehicle approach (15.6 m·s−1) in a semi-natural setting and given full opportunity to escape. We manipulated the direction of the vehicle approach (direct versus tangential) and availability of social information about the vehicle approach (companion group visually exposed or not to the vehicle).ResultsWe found that both categorical factors interacted to affect alert and escape behaviors. Focal geese used mostly personal information to become alert to the vehicle under high risk scenarios (direct approach), but they combined personal and social information to become alert in low risk scenarios (tangential approach). Additionally, when social information was not available from the companion group, focal birds escaped at greater distances under direct compared to tangential approaches. However, when the companion group could see the vehicle approaching, focal birds escaped at similar distances irrespective of vehicle direction. Finally, geese showed a greater tendency to take flight when the vehicle approached directly, as opposed to a side step or walking away from the vehicle.ConclusionsWe suggest that the perception of risk to vehicle approach (likely versus unlikely collision) is weighted by the availability of social information in the group; a phenomenon not described before in the context of animal–vehicle interactions. Notably, when social information is available, the effects of heightened risk associated with a direct approach might be reduced, leading to the animal delaying the escape, which could ultimately increase the chances of a collision. Also, information on a priori escape distances required for surviving a vehicle approach (based on species behavior and vehicle approach speeds) can inform planning, such as location of designated cover or safe areas. Future studies should assess how information from vehicle approach flows within a flock, including aspects of vehicle speed and size, metrics that affect escape decision-making.
Prognostic factors and survival outcomes according to tumor subtype in patients with breast cancer lung metastases
Authors: Chen Siying , Yang Jin , Liu Yang , You Haisheng , Dong Yalin , Lyu Jun 
Published: December 2019

Background
Reports on the incidence and prognoses of lung metastases when diagnosing breast cancer patients with different subtypes are limited. Our study investigated the effect of molecular sub-typing stratification on the prognoses of lung metastatic breast caner patients.

Methods
Patients with breast cancer and lung metastases were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results population-based data between 2010 and 2015. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors and prognoses, overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival for patients with breast cancer lung metastases.

Results
We identified 6,516 patients with lung metastatic breast cancer, representing 1.7% of the entire cohort and 30.4% of the subset with metastatic disease. This included 2,940 hormone receptor (HR)+/HER2− patients, 852 HR+/HER2+ patients, 547 HR−/HER2+ patients and 983 triple-negative patients. The median OS for all lung metastatic patients was 13 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that those lung metastatic breast cancer patients of older age (>80), black race, with poorly differentiated tumors, carcinoma histology, triple-negative subtype, more metastatic sites and no surgery, and no chemotherapy showed significantly poor survival, both overall and breast cancer-specific.

Conclusions
Our findings show that molecular sub-type and more metastatic sites might have significant influence on the incidence and prognosis of breast cancer lung metastases. We also identified several prognostic factors that could guide therapy selection in the treatment of lung metastatic patients.
Role of an Educational Advisor from the Viewpoint of Professors and Students: A Qualitative Study from Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Authors: Joveini Hamid , Shahrabadi Reza , Mehri Ali , Hashemian Masoumeh 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Professor of the educational advisor is responsible for the academic and counselling guidance of students in educational, research and social fields. Also should be familiar with all the indicators of the consultation and be aware of duties and responsibilities. The study aims to explain the features of the professor of an educational advisor from the viewpoint of professors and students from Sabzevar University of medical sciences, Iran.
Methods: In this qualitative study, participants were selected using purposive sampling, and it continued based on snowball and theoretical sampling. A semi-structured interview was used to collect the data. A total of 27 participants (12 Professors and 15 Students of medical science) were interviewed in 2 months. Interviews were analyzed using Graham and Landman’s content analysis method. To ensure consistency and accuracy of data, credibility, transferability, dependability, and conformability criteria were assessed.
Results: Nine main categories were conceptualized including “Improper notification in task description”, “Permanent and voluntary inaccessibility”, “Teacher-student relationship in the teaching process”, “Attention to students' comments and access”, “Lack of knowledge of task description”, “Refer to other professors”, “Specialization”, “Strengthen teacher-student relationship”, “Follow up on student affairs”.
Conclusion: Based on results, holding workshops to learn about the duties of a professor of educational advisor and the techniques of counselling, and to pay attention to student demands such as the right to choose, can be effective in improving students' satisfaction and solving their problems.
The noncoding function of NELFA mRNA promotes the development of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the Rad17‐RFC2‐5 complex
Authors: Xu Jiancheng , Wang Guangchao , Gong Wei , Guo Shichao , Li Dan , Zhan Qimin 
Published: December 2019

Recently, RNAs interacting with proteins have been implicated in playing an important role in the occurrence and progression of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we found that NELFA mRNA interacts with Rad17 through a novel noncoding mode in the nucleus and that the aberrant expression of USF2 contributed to the upregulation of Rad17 and NELFA. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the deletion of NELFA mRNA significantly decreased ESCC proliferation and colony formation in vitro. Moreover, NELFA mRNA knockdown inhibited DNA damage repair and promoted apoptosis. Mechanistic studies indicated that NELFA mRNA regulated the interaction between Rad17 and RFC2‐5, which had a major impact on the phosphorylation of CHK1, CHK2 and BRCA1. NELFA mRNA expression was consistently elevated in ESCC patients and closely related to decreased overall survival. Taken together, our results confirmed the critical role of the noncoding function of NELFA mRNA in ESCC tumorigenesis and indicated that NELFA mRNA can be regarded as a therapeutic target and an independent prognostic indicator in ESCC patients.