bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
الذكاء الشخصي الذاتي وعلاقته بالتعاطف الاجتماعي لدى طلبة الجامعة
Authors: م. م يسرى موسى جعفر  
Published: April 2020

أستهدف البحث الحالي معرفة الذكاء الشخصي الذاتي لدى طلبة الجامعة، ومعرفة التعاطف الاجتماعي لدى طلبة الجامعة، ومعرفة طبيعة العلاقة بين الذكاء الشخصي الذاتي والتعاطف الاجتماعي لدى طلبة الجامعة .
وتحدد البحث الحالي بطلبة الجامعة المستنصرية من الكليات (العلمية والإنسانية) للدراسات الاولية الصباحية من كلا الجنسين (ذكور- إناث). وقامت الباحثة بتبني مقياس (العكيلي، 2011) للذكاء الشخصي الذاتي، كما قامت الباحثة بتبني مقياس مهربيان وابتسن للتعاطف الاجتماعي المعرب من (الربيعي،2001)، وتوصلت الباحثة الى أن طلبة الجامعة يتمتعون بمستوى من الذكاء الشخصي الذاتي اعلى من المتوسط الفرضي، كذلك يتمتع طلبة الجامعة بمستوى من التعاطف الاجتماعي أعلى من المتوسط الفرضي، كما إن هناك علاقة طردية موجبة بين المتغيرين .
فاتحة الكتاب دراسة موضوعية
Authors: م.م . هدى سليم رسول  
Published: April 2020

فاتحة الكتاب من سور القرآن المكية ونزلت في المدينة ايضاً, افتتح الله تعالى بها كتابه الحكيم ، وقد تحدثت هذه السورة كشأن السور المكية عن مسائل الشريعة التي تنظم حياة الانسان المسلم، فهي ترتبط بحياته ارتباطاً وثيقاً، حيث يحفظها كل انسان اذ لا تصح الصلاة بدونها .
تضمنت فاتحة الكتاب عدداً من الموضوعات حيث تناولت امور العقيدة والعبادة والتشريع والاخلاق وغير ذلك الامر الذي دفعني الى دراسة هذه السورة وتفسيرها باستفاضة ، والحديث عنها في بحثي هذا (سوف نراه في ثنايا البحث) .
درجة الرضا الوظيفي عند تدريسي قسم الجغرافية من وجهة نظرهم
Authors: م. د. رحيم كاظم بيدي  
Published: April 2020

يهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة درجة الرضا الوظيفي عند تدريسي قسم الجغرافية من وجهة نظرهم ، ومن اجل تحقيق هذا الهدف استعمل الباحث المنهج الوصفي ، تكون مجتمع البحث من تدريسيي قسم الجغرافية كلية التربية الأساسية الجامعة المستنصرية للعام الدراسي (2019- 2020) ، اعد الباحث استبانة كأداة لبحثه تم التحقق من صدقها وثباتها واصبحت تتكون من (24 ) فقرة.
استعمل الباحث مجموعة من الوسائل الاحصائية منها : الاوساط الحسابية ولانحرافات المعيارية والاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين .
توصل البحث الى مجموعة من النتائج منها: حصلت الفقرة (2) على المرتبة الأولى وبدرجة مرتفعة في حين جاءت الفقرة (16) على المرتبة الأخيرة الرابعة والعشرين وبدرجة منخفضة .
وبعد استعمال الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين للتعرف على وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة 0.05) ) بين فقرات الاستبانة بالنسبة لمتغير الجنس فقد دلت نتائج البحث الحالي على وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة 0.05) ) لصالح الاناث .
وقد توصل البحث الى مجموعة من التوصيات منها: - ضرورة توجيه المعنيين في وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي بالعمل على توفير كل المقومات لتحقيق الرضا الوظيفي لجميع التدريسيين
وقد اقترح الباحث مجموعة من المقترحات منها : إجراء دراسة مماثلة للدراسة الحالية في جامعات اخرى واقسام اخرى.
تقدير اثر التعرية المطرية في بعض اقضية السليمانية بالاعتماد على بيانات (TRMM) الفضائية
Authors: م. م. نادية عبد الحسن محيبس  , م.م. احمد كاظم عباس  
Published: April 2020

تقع منطقة الدراسة (اقضية السليمانية) المكونة من اربعة اقضية (قضاء السليمانية٬ جمجمال٬ شهربازار٬ دربندخان)، في محافظة السليمانية شمال شرق العراق٬ بين خطي طول (44°53'30.0"E) و (44°36'54.0"E)، ودائرتي عرض (34°57'24.0"N) و (36°00'19.0"N)٬ تهدف الدراسة الى تقدير كمية التعرية المطرية حسب قانون (Fournier بالاعتماد على بيانات (TRMM) التي توفرها ناسا (NASA) بالتعاون مع الوكالة اليابانية لاستكشاف الفضاء الجوي (JAXA) ٬تكمن مشكلة الدراسة بعدم وجود دراسة تفصيلية لمعرفة فيما اذا كانت تعاني المنطقة من تعرية مطرية ضعيفة او معتدلة او شديدة)، وافترضت الدراسة انها تعاني من اثر التعرية الضعيفة والمعتدلة٬ وتتوزع جغرافيا بشكل يختلف من منطقة الى أخرى ومن شهر الى اخر٬ تم استخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (Arcgis,10.3) في تحليل البيانات٬ ومن ثم استخراج التعرية المطرية لكل شهر من اشهر السنة المعتمدة واستخراج المعدل السنوي للتعرية وبعدها تم استخراج معدل الأشهر المطرية (12,1,2,3,4,5) ٬ وتبين من نتائج التحليل ان التعرية المطرية في منطقة الدراسة تختلف من منطقة الى أخرى ومن شهر الى اخر، وذلك تبعا لتذبذب كمية ونوعية الامطار الساقطة في كل عاصفة مطرية٬ يغلب على المنطقة نوع التعرية الضعيفة٬ في حين تكثر مناطق التعرية المعتدلة في بعض المناطق وبعض الأشهر نسبة للعواصف المطرية٬ ولذا يجب اخذ الاحتياطات اللازمة للتخفيف من اثر هذه التعرية على الأنشطة البشرية، ولا سيما الانشطة الزراعية منها.
Multiparametric Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients without Cirrhosis (Clinical Case)
Authors: Borsukov A. V. , Gorbatenko O. A. , Venidiktova D. Yu. , Tagil A. O. , Kovalev A. A. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: To demonstrate the capabilities of a complex of multiparametric ultrasound and MRI with intravenous contrast in the detection and characterization of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma with the example of a clinical case of a middle-aged patient without liver cirrhosis.Material and methods: Comprehensive study of medical history, outpatient records, results of clinical, laboratory, instrumental and morphological methods with independent retrospective analysis of the histological preparation of focal liver lesion.Results: Diagnostic search data are presented in a 48-year-old patient with hepatocellular carcinoma without signs of liver cirrhosis. The diagnosis required 1.5 months of examination in gastroenterological department, repeated review of the histological preparation by morphologists. The disease debuted with weakness after physical exertion, which was noted during a planned multiparameter abdomen ultrasound examination. During the study, multiple focal formations with uneven fuzzy contours, an inhomogeneous structure were visualized. Stiffness of the parenchyma in focal liver lesion is 108.29 kPa due to 2D-SWE. Further tactics consisted of hospitalization with further laboratory examination and abdomen MRI with intravenous contrast enhancement. Considering the results of instrumental examination, the patient was prescribed a puncture aspiration biopsy of focal liver lesion under ultrasound control followed by morphological verification.Conclusion: The presented clinical observation demonstrates the need of use an integrated approach in instrumental imaging methods in the diagnosis of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma.
Comparison of Eccentric Fixation Measurements Using the Streak Target of an Ophthalmoscope and a Traditional Visuoscopy Target
Authors: Cooper Jeffrey , Gelfond Ilana , Carlson Pamela E. , Campolattaro Brian , Wang Frederick 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To compare measurements of eccentric fixation using two different targets for fixation, a traditional visuoscope target and the streak target of an ophthalmoscope.

Patients and Methods:
Monocular fixation was evaluated using visuoscopy in 47 patients ranging in age from 4 months to 22 years. Visuoscopy measurements were compared using both the traditional visuoscope target and the streak target of a Welch Allyn ophthalmoscope. The streak light was rotated both horizontally and vertically to detect both horizontal and vertical eccentric fixation.

Results:
The streak target improved testability of eccentric fixation in children younger than 3 years compared to the traditional visuoscope target (75% versus 30%). All of the patients older than 3 years were testable using both targets, with both methods yielding the same results. All of the patients with a visual acuity of at least 20/20 also demonstrated central fixation using both techniques.

Conclusions:
Using the streak of a Welch Allyn ophthalmoscope as a visuoscope target allows for testing of eccentric fixation in children younger than 3 years.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:89–96.
Burden of hereditary cancer susceptibility in unselected patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma referred for germline screening
Authors: Cremin Carol , Lee Michael Kuan‐Ching , Hong Quan , Hoeschen Carolyn , Mackenzie Anna , Dixon Katherine , McCullum Mary , Nuk Jennifer , Kalloger Steve , Karasinska Joanna , Scudamore Charles , Kim Peter T. W. , Donnellan Fergal , Lam Eric C. S. , Lim Howard J. , Neben Cynthia L. , Stedden Will , Zhou Alicia Y. , Schaeffer David F. , Sun Sophie , Renouf Daniel J. , Schrader Kasmintan A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent guidelines recommend consideration of germline testing for all newly diagnosed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The primary aim of this study was to determine the burden of hereditary cancer susceptibility in PDAC. A secondary aim was to compare genetic testing uptake rates across different modes of genetic counselling.Patients and MethodsAll patients diagnosed with PDAC in the province of British Columbia, Canada referred to a population‐based hereditary cancer program were eligible for multi‐gene panel testing, irrespective of cancer family history. Any healthcare provider or patients themselves could refer.ResultsA total of 305 patients with PDAC were referred between July 2016 and January 2019. Two hundred thirty‐five patients attended a consultation and 177 completed index germline genetic testing. 25/177 (14.1%) of unrelated patients had a pathogenic variant (PV); 19/25 PV were in known PDAC susceptibility genes with cancer screening or risk‐reduction implications. PDAC was significantly associated with PV in ATM (OR, 7.73; 95% CI, 3.10 to 19.33, P = 6.14E‐05) when comparing age and gender and ethnicity‐matched controls tested on the same platform. The overall uptake rate for index testing was 59.2% and was significantly higher with 1‐on‐1 consultations and group consultations compared to telehealth consultations (88.9% vs 82.9% vs 61.8%, P < .001).ConclusionIn a prospective clinic‐based cohort of patients with PDAC referred for testing irrespective of family history, germline PV were detected in 14.1%. PV in ATM accounted for half of all PVs and were significantly associated with PDAC. These findings support recent guidelines and will guide future service planning in this population.
Aquaporin 1 elicits cell motility and coordinates vascular bed formation by downregulating thrombospondin type‐1 domain‐containing 7A in glioblastoma
Authors: Oishi Masahiro , Munesue Seiichi , Harashima Ai , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Hayashi Yasuhiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAquaporin (AQP) 1 expression has been linked with tumor malignancy but its role in glioblastoma (GBM), a lethal glioma, remains to be clarified.MethodsAQP1 expression was examined in 33 human GBM specimens by immunohistochemistry. GBM cells (U251 and U87) that stably express AQP1 were established and used for cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and vascular tube formation assays. The GeneChip assay was used to identify differentially expressed genes in AQP1‐expressing cells.ResultsAQP1 was expressed only in tumor cells. AQP1 dose‐dependently accelerated cell migration and invasion, but not proliferation, in GBM cell lines. AQP1 also upregulated cathepsin B, focal adhesion kinase and activities of matrix metalloproteinase 9. AQP1 in GBM cells induced wall thickness of ECV304, vascular endothelial cells, in a contact‐dependent manner. Downregulation of thrombospondin type 1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A) was identified in AQP1‐expressing GBM cells in vitro, and was negatively correlated with AQP1 expression in human GBM specimens.ConclusionAQP1 is involved in tumor malignancy by facilitating the migration and invasion of GBM cells, and promoting the formation of vascular beds that are characteristic of GBM by downregulating THSD7A.
Lanthanide‐Containing Rotaxanes, Catenanes, and Knots
Authors: Evans Nicholas H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe valuable luminescence, magnetic, and catalytic properties of lanthanide cations are beginning to be exploited in conjunction with structurally exotic mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) such as rotaxanes, catenanes and knots. This Minireview provides an account of this rapidly developing research area commencing with the use of lanthanides in extended MIM‐containing frameworks. Then, attention turns to discrete lanthanide‐containing pseudorotaxanes, followed by fully interlocked rotaxanes, catenanes and knots – where lanthanides have not only been incorporated into MIM architectures but have also been used to template formation of the interlocked structure. Particular focus is paid to examples where the lanthanide MIMs have been put to useful applications, in what is still a relatively youthful avenue of research in both lanthanide coordination chemistry and the chemistry of mechanically interlocked molecules.
Data gathering and aggregation with selective transmission technique to optimize the lifetime of Internet of Things networks
Authors: Al‐Qurabat Ali Kadhum M. , Kadhum Idrees Ali 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe periodic sensor networks (PSNs) represent the bigger provider of data to the Internet of Things (IoT) due to their use in a wide range of IoT applications. Examples of IoT applications using PSNs are disaster recovery, connected vehicles, smart healthcare, smart cities, smart grids, and networks of robots. In PSNs, the large volume of data gathering and aggregation represent significant challenges that must be handled in the IoT applications. Therefore, it is necessary to find a dynamic way to gather data and get rid of the redundancy in the gathered data prior to transferring it to the sink (base station) for the sake of extending the PSN lifetime and preserving its energy. This article proposes data gathering and aggregation with selective transmission (DGAST) technique for optimizing lifetime in PSNs of IoT applications. DGAST gathers periodically the sensor data to extend the sensor's battery lifetime. DGAST protocol divides the lifetime of PSN into rounds. There are four phases in each round: data gathering, data aggregation, selective transmission, and adjusting the frequency of samples taken for each node in the context of dynamic climate change of the sensed environment. OMNeT++ simulator and real sensory data gathered at Intel Lab are used in the simulation experiments. The results of the simulation demonstrate DGAST efficiency in comparison with prefix frequency filtering (PFF) and Harb protocols, that is, overhead reduction up to 67% in gathered data, 73% in transmitted data, and 78% in consumed energy while maintaining the accuracy of sent data as high as 94.6%.
Evaluation of low-volume post-dilution online hemodiafiltration with Japanese high-performance hemodiafilters
Authors: Sakurai Kenji , Hosoya Hiromi , Kurihara Yoshitaka , Yamauchi Fumi , Suzuki Ayumi , Kurosawa Kaori , Saito Takeshi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the removal performance of low-volume post-hemodiafiltration (HDF) with Japanese hemodiafilters and the removal performance with 20 % reduction in the total dialysate flow rate (Qdtotal).

Methods
Subjects were 8 patients undergoing pre-HDF. Study 1: Post-HDF was performed at a blood flow rate (Qb) of 250 mL/min and a total volume of substitution fluid (Vs) of 12 L/session(s) for 4 hrs using Fineflux-210Seco (FIX), ABH-21PA (ABH), and NVF-21H (NVF). We assessed removal efficiency of small molecular solutes, low-molecular-weight-proteins and the amount of albumin loss. Study 2: Post-HDF was performed at Vs of 12 L/s under G-1, Qdtotal of 500 and Qb of 250 mL/min; G-2, Qdtotal of 400 and Qb of 250 mL/min; and G-3, Qdtotal of 400 and Qb of 300 mL/min. Removal efficiency was compared and analyzed between these conditions.

Results
Study 1: The results using FIX, ABH and NVF are shown in order. The Kt/V were 1.8, 1.9 and 1.8. The β2-Microglobulin (MG) removal rate (RR) (%) were 81.2, 83.1 and 82.8, and the α1-MG RR were 37.4, 40.2 and 38.5, respectively. Study 2: The results in G-1, 2 and 3 are shown in order. The Kt/V and the RR of small solutes, were significantly higher in G-3. The β2-MG RR (%) were 81.2, 80.1 and 81.0, and the α1-MG RR were 37.4, 37.5 and 38.0, respectively.

Conclusions
Low-volume post-HDF performed at Qb of 250 mL/min with Japanese high-performance hemodiafilters exhibited favorable removal efficiency for all solutes. Even with 20 % reduction in Qdtotal, the removal performance was also favorable.
Sparse Scanning Electron Microscopy Data Acquisition and Deep Neural Networks for Automated Segmentation in Connectomics
Authors: Potocek Pavel , Trampert Patrick , Peemen Maurice , Schoenmakers Remco , Dahmen Tim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the growing importance of three-dimensional and very large field of view imaging, acquisition time becomes a serious bottleneck. Additionally, dose reduction is of importance when imaging material like biological tissue that is sensitive to electron radiation. Random sparse scanning can be used in the combination with image reconstruction techniques to reduce the acquisition time or electron dose in scanning electron microscopy. In this study, we demonstrate a workflow that includes data acquisition on a scanning electron microscope, followed by a sparse image reconstruction based on compressive sensing or alternatively using neural networks. Neuron structures are automatically segmented from the reconstructed images using deep learning techniques. We show that the average dwell time per pixel can be reduced by a factor of 2–3, thereby providing a real-life confirmation of previous results on simulated data in one of the key segmentation applications in connectomics and thus demonstrating the feasibility and benefit of random sparse scanning techniques for a specific real-world scenario.
Inflow and Outflow (Jets) in NGC 1275
Authors: Nagai Hiroshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNGC 1275 is one of the best targets to study the high energy emission mechanism in radio galaxies and the accretion flow properties using a young re-started jet 3C 84 as a prober of subpc-to-pc scale environment. In this proceeding, we review the observation results from a series of our VLBI observations and discuss on the origin of gamma-ray emission and accretion flow properties. We also briefly present the preliminary results from our recent ALMA observations.
Ultra fast outflows, and their connection to accretion and ejection processes in AGNs
Authors: Lia Longinotti Anna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe growing evidence for energy-conserving outflows in powerful and luminous AGN supports the idea that high-velocity winds launched from the accretion disc evolve systematically after undergoing a shock with the ambient medium and that they are capable to expel enough mass and energy so as to produce feedback. This talk will give an overview of recent results on AGN ultra fast outflows, with focus on grating X-ray spectra of bright sources. I will review how UFO work, their observational properties and their relation with AGN outflows in other bands, what is their impact on the host galaxies and their role in feedback processes.
Search for QPOs in Perseus with Fermi LAT
Authors: Nemmen Rodrigo , de Menezes Raniere , Paschalidis Vasileios 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report the analysis of the gamma-ray variability of NGC 1275–the radio galaxy at the center of the Perseus cluster. NGC 1275 has been observed continuously with the Fermi Large Area Telescope over the last nine years. We applied different time-domain analysis methods including Fourier, wavelets and Bayesian methods, in order to search for quasi-periodic oscillations in the gamma-ray emission. We found no evidence for periodicities of astrophysical origin.
Optoelectronic generation of transient waveforms for UWB radars with rejected frequencies
Authors: Hyvernaud Jeremy , Reineix Gwenael , Negrier Romain , Andrieu Joel , Lalande Michele , Couderc Vincent 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a new design of an optoelectronic system for transient waveforms shaping, with a selection of rejected frequencies, is presented. The generation of short pulses is performed with several optoelectronic generators using photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) operating in linear switching mode and triggered via a laser pulse. With the appropriate number of generators, the system generates a spectrum ranging from 300 MHz to 3 GHz, with rejected frequencies at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. A PCSS characterization has been set up to determine the necessary parameters for the establishment of an optoelectronic generator model on Keysight Advanced Design System software (ADS). Experimental tests have been realized using measurement benches to compare the simulated and measured signals.
Jupiter's X‐ray Emission During the 2007 Solar Minimum
Authors: Dunn W. R. , Branduardi‐Raymont G. , Carter‐Cortez V. , Campbell A. , Elsner R. , Ness J.‐U. , Gladstone G. R. , Ford P. , Yao Z. , Rodriguez P. , Clark G. , Paranicas C. , Foster A. , Baker D. , Gray R. , Badman S. V. , Ray L. C. , Bunce E. J. , Snios B. , Jackman C. M. , Rae I. J. , Kraft R. , Rymer A. , Lathia S. , Achilleos N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe 2007–2009 solar minimum was the longest of the space age. We present the first of two companion papers on Chandra and XMM‐Newton X‐ray campaigns of Jupiter through February–March 2007. We find that low solar X‐ray flux during solar minimum causes Jupiter's equatorial regions to be exceptionally X‐ray dim (0.21 GW at minimum; 0.76 GW at maximum). While the Jovian equatorial emission varies with solar cycle, the aurorae have comparably bright intervals at solar minimum and maximum. We apply atomic charge exchange models to auroral spectra and find that iogenic plasma of sulphur and oxygen ions provides excellent fits for XMM‐Newton observations. The fitted spectral S:O ratios of 0.4–1.3 are in good agreement with in situ magnetospheric S:O measurements of 0.3–1.5, suggesting that the ions that produce Jupiter's X‐ray aurora predominantly originate inside the magnetosphere. The aurorae were particularly bright on 24–25 February and 8–9 March, but these two observations exhibit very different spatial, spectral, and temporal behavior; 24–25 February was the only observation in this campaign with significant hard X‐ray bremsstrahlung from precipitating electrons, suggesting this may be rare. For 8–9 March, a bremsstrahlung component was absent, but bright oxygen O6+ lines and best‐fit models containing carbon, point to contributions from solar wind ions. This contribution is absent in the other observations. Comparing simultaneous Chandra ACIS and XMM‐Newton EPIC spectra showed that ACIS systematically underreported 0.45‐ to 0.6‐keV Jovian emission, suggesting quenching may be less important for Jupiter's atmosphere than previously thought. We therefore recommend XMM‐Newton for spectral analyses and quantifying opacity/quenching effects.
Dasatinib vs. imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) who have not achieved an optimal response to 3 months of imatinib therapy: the DASCERN randomized study
Authors: Cortes Jorge E. , Jiang Qian , Wang Jianxiang , Weng Jianyu , Zhu Huanling , Liu Xiaoli , Hochhaus Andreas , Kim Dong-Wook , Radich Jerald , Savona Michael , Martin-Regueira Patricia , Sy Oumar , Gurnani Renuka , Saglio Giuseppe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEarly molecular response is associated with improved probability of deep molecular response and superior survival in patients with CML-CP. However, ~1 in 3 patients on first-line imatinib do not achieve this threshold. The phase 2b DASCERN trial (NCT01593254) assessed the outcome of early switch to dasatinib in patients with suboptimal response to first-line imatinib. Adult patients with CML-CP were randomized (2:1) to receive 100 mg dasatinib (n = 174) or continue imatinib at ≥400 mg (n = 86). The primary endpoint was the rate of major molecular response (MMR) at 12 months, which was 29% (dasatinib) and 13% (imatinib;P = 0.005). After ≥2 years of follow-up, 45 patients (52%) randomized to continue imatinib had crossed over to dasatinib. Considering treatment crossover, the 2-year cumulative MMR rate was 64% with dasatinib and 41% with imatinib (66% and 67%, respectively by intent-to-treat). Adverse events were consistent with the established safety profiles of both drugs. The results of this first prospective study support early monitoring of patients treated with first-line imatinib, and suggest that switching to dasatinib in cases of suboptimal response may offer clinical benefit. Further follow-up is needed to assess the long-term clinical benefit of early switching.