bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Remote Sensing to Assess Alligator Gar Spawning Habitat Suitability in the Lower Mississippi River
Authors: Allen Yvonne , Kimmel Kayla , Constant Glenn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Floodplains are an important part of large-river ecosystems; the frequency, timing, duration, and spatial extent of inundation drive habitat quality and determine the suitability of these habitats for both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Managers have traditionally had very limited information with which to evaluate and quantify the dynamics of large-river floodplains. Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula use floodplains in the lower Mississippi River for spawning and have experienced declines in historic range that have been partly attributed to declines in spawning habitat availability. The Alligator Gar has therefore been identified by the American Fisheries Society, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and many state agencies as a species of concern in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley. The goal of this study was to develop landscape-level spatial data to determine the extent and quality of floodplain habitat that may be available for Alligator Gar spawning. Multi-temporal analysis of remote sensing imagery was used to develop spatial data products that defined floodplain inundation extent, inundation frequency, and temperature. These products were combined with existing layers of physical habitat structure to define and quantify spawning habitat suitability throughout the entire area subject to direct inundation by the lower Mississippi River. Habitat suitability categories were defined based on meeting unique combinations of inundation, temperature, and physical structure so that the most suitable conservation measures can be applied to improve local conditions.
Investigating work‐related stress among health professionals at different hierarchical levels: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Peter Karin A. , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Halfens Ruud J. G. , Hahn Sabine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the extent of stress at work among health professionals working in upper‐, middle‐ and lower‐management positions and those not working in management positions.DesignCross‐sectional design and randomly selected hospitals, nursing homes and home care organizations.MethodsThe study sample included nursing staff and midwives, physicians, medical–technical and medical–therapeutic professionals at all hierarchical levels (N = 8,112). Data were collected using self‐report questionnaires and analysed using multiple regression models.ResultsHealth professionals in upper‐ and middle‐management positions reported higher quantitative demands, severe work–private life conflicts (p < .05) as well as less role clarity in middle‐management positions (B = −1.58, p < .05). In lower‐management positions, health professionals reported higher physical (B = 3.80, p < .001) and emotional demands (B = 1.79, p < .01), stress symptoms (B = 1.81, p < .05) and job dissatisfaction (B = −1.17, p < .05). Health professionals without management responsibilities reported the poorest working conditions in relation to various stressors, job satisfaction (B = −5.20, p < .001) and health‐related outcomes (e.g. burnout symptoms: B = 1.89, p < .01).
The Role of Weight Perception in Race Differences in BMI Among College Graduate and Non–College Graduate Women
Authors: Bell Caryn N. , Blackman Carr Loneke T. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveRacial differences in BMI increase with education. Weight perception may be an important factor in overweight and obesity in black women. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of weight underassessment on race differences in BMI in college graduates compared with non–college graduates.MethodsWeight perception was assessed among respondents to the 2007‐2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 4,871). Those who had BMI‐assessed overweight or obesity and self‐assessed underweight or about‐right weight underassessed their weight. The associations between race and BMI through weight underassessment by college graduate status were determined using a moderated mediation analysis.ResultsBlack women had higher BMI than white women (β = 2.72, SE = 0.28), and disparities were larger in college graduates (β = 3.50, SE = 0.25) compared with non–college graduates (β = 0.78, SE = 0.15). Non–college graduate black women were more likely to underassess their weight (z score = 0.43, SE = 0.05). Indirect associations between race and BMI through weight underassessment were found only among non–college graduates (z score = −0.02, SE = 0.01), but race differences in BMI remained after accounting for weight perception among college graduates and non–college graduates.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that a nuanced, intersectional understanding of weight perception and BMI among women is required to address racial disparities in obesity.
Cold‐Activated Brown Adipose Tissue is Associated with Less Cardiometabolic Dysfunction in Young Adults with Obesity
Authors: Mihalopoulos Nicole L. , Yap Jeffrey T. , Beardmore Britney , Holubkov Richard , Nanjee M. Nazeem , Hoffman John M. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to test the hypothesis that young adults with obesity and cold‐activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) are less likely to have metabolic dysfunction (dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension) than those without cold‐activated BAT. Previous studies have noted a potentially protective effect of BAT and higher adiponectin/leptin ratios, but they have acknowledged that the clinical implications of these findings remain uncertain.MethodsTwenty‐one females and twenty‐three males with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) underwent a 2‐hour cooling protocol before 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG)‐positron emission tomography/x‐ray computed tomography scan to determine the prevalence, volume, and 18F‐FDG uptake of cold‐activated BAT.ResultsCold‐activated BAT was identified in 43% of participants (11 female, 8 male); females had greater 18F‐FDG uptake. Those with cold‐activated BAT had a lesser degree of metabolic dysfunction. Cold‐activated BAT volume correlated with triglycerides (inversely) and adiponectin (concordantly). Body‐mass‐adjusted cold‐activated BAT activity correlated with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (concordantly). Males with cold‐activated BAT had lower leptin and higher adiponectin/leptin ratio.ConclusionsA high prevalence of cold‐activated BAT was found in the study participants. BAT could be important in decreasing metabolic dysfunction among young adults with obesity, making it a potential target for treating metabolically unhealthy obesity.
Study on structure and performance of surface‐metallized carbon fibers reinforced rigid polyurethane composites
Authors: Huang Momo , Li Weiwei , Liu Xiaojing , Feng Ming , Yang Jie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe simultaneous promotion in mechanical and electrical properties of rigid polyurethane (RPU) is an important task for expanding potential application. In this work, carbon fibers (CFs) reinforced RPU composites were prepared with the goal of improving mechanical and electrical properties. Metallized CFs meet our performance requirements and can be easily achieved via electrodeposition. However, the weak bonding strength in fiber‐metal‐RPU interface restricts their application. Inspired by the reducibility and wonderful adhesion of dopamine (DA), we proposed a new and efficient electrochemical method to fabricate metallized CFs, where DA polymerization was simultaneously integrated coupled with the reduction of metal ions (Ni2+). The characterization results helped us to gain insight about the reaction mechanism, which was never reported as far as we know. Compared with pure RPU, the tensile, interlaminar shear and impact strength of polydopamine (PDA)‐nickel (Ni) modified CFs/RPU composites were improved by 11.2%, 21.0%, and 78.0%, respectively, which attributed to the strong interfacial adhesion, including mechanical interlocking and chemical crosslinking between treated CFs and RPU. In addition, the PDA‐Ni surface treatment method also affected the dispersion of short CFs in the RPU, which increased the possibility of conductor contact and reduced insulator between fibers networks, resulting in higher electrical conductivity.
‘ND Whitetail’, a new white kidney bean with high seed yield and intermediate resistance to white mold and bacterial blights
Authors: Osorno Juan M. , Vander Wal Albert J. , Posch John , Simons Kristin , Grafton Kenneth F. , Pasche Julie S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract‘ND Whitetail’ (Reg. no. CV‐327, PI 690447; PVP‐201900175) is a new white kidney bean cultivar developed by the dry bean breeding program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Within the Andean gene pool, kidney beans are the most economically important market classes worldwide, with dark‐red kidney bean being the most commonly grown class, followed by light‐red and white kidneys. There is an increased interest in white kidney bean in the United States, mostly stimulated by novel research claiming additional health benefits related to its consumption. However, biotic and abiotic stresses still limit the full seed yield potential of kidney bean cultivars. Averaged across environments, the seed yield of ND Whitetail was significantly higher by 650, 976, and 459 kg ha−1 than ‘Beluga’, ‘Silver Cloud’, and ‘Snowdon’, respectively. ND Whitetail has an average plant height of 52 cm and matures in approximately 101 d. Results from canning tests showed that ND Whitetail received a canning score of 5.1. ND Whitetail has high levels of resistance to white mold and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) along with intermediate resistance to bacterial diseases. Given the superior seed yield quality and agronomic performance, useful agronomic traits such as seed size, BCMV resistance, white mold and halo blight resistance, and superior canning quality, ND Whitetail could become an important white kidney cultivar in the United States.
‘ND Pegasus’, a new great northern bean with upright plant architecture and high seed yield
Authors: Osorno Juan M. , Vander Wal Albert J. , Posch John , Simons Kristin , Grafton Kenneth F. , Pasche Julie S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract‘ND Pegasus’ great northern bean (PVP‐201900176, Reg. no. CV‐328, PI 690448) is a new cultivar developed by the dry bean breeding program at North Dakota State University and released by the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. Great northern bean is a market class of significant economic importance in the United States. In North Dakota especially, biotic and abiotic stresses are the main factors for seed yield reductions. Between 2013 and 2018, ND Pegasus, along with great northern cultivars commonly grown in the region, was tested across more than 35 environments in North Dakota and other states. Seed yield of ND Pegasus was significantly higher by 560, 414, and 571 kg ha‐1 compared with ‘Matterhorn’, ‘Aries’, and ‘Powderhorn’, respectively. However, seed yield of ND Pegasus and ‘Taurus’ were similar. ND Pegasus has an excellent upright architecture that improves the efficiency of direct harvest. Based on greenhouse and DNA marker data, ND Pegasus is resistant to Bean common mosaic virus and has improved resistance to white mold. ND Pegasus has excellent seed quality (color, shape, and size) and is larger than most commercial cultivars commonly grown in the region. ND Pegasus has acceptable canning quality based on some pilot testing. The average plant height of ND Pegasus is 71 cm, and 100‐seed weight 36.8 g. It matures in approximately 103 d. Other agronomic traits of economic importance are within commercial acceptable ranges.
Cold Shock Domain Containing E1 (CSDE1) Protein is Overexpressed and Can be Targeted to Inhibit Invasiveness in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Xiang , Dun Matthew D. , Faulkner Sam , Jiang Chen Chen , Hondermarck Hubert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis and to date there are no targeted therapies for this malignancy. Using shotgun proteomics, the mRNA binding protein cold shock domain containing E1 (CSDE1), also called upstream‐of‐N‐Ras, is detected in pancreatic cancer cell lines but not in normal pancreatic epithelial cells. The expression of CSDE1 in pancreatic cancer cells is confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry of human pancreatic tumors. In vitro functional assays show that siRNA downregulation of CSDE1 or gene knockout using CRISPR‐Cas9 significantly reduce the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells. Together, this study reveals that CSDE1 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and is a potential therapeutic target to inhibit pancreatic cancer cell invasion.
The effect of in situ‐formed copolymers on the morphology of reactive poly(phenylene ether)/poly(amide‐6) blends
Authors: Moyses Stephan , Ramakrishnan Vaidyanath , Lietzau Christian , Bajaj Pooja 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPoly(phenylene ether) (PPE)/poly(amide‐6) (PA6) blends are examined in light of the information provided by two‐dimensional chromatography and chemorheology. Chromatography provides a snapshot of the blend composition in the finished material, while rheology presents us with a direct insight into the reactions taking place in the melt. Block copolymer formation is chromatographically confirmed for the blends prepared with a coupling agent, but also for the blend prepared without any coupling agent. No co‐continuous morphology is observed by scanning electron microscope. Instead, a coarse structure of PPE droplets in the PA6 matrix is obtained for the blend prepared without coupling agent. This is explained by the combined effects of the low viscosity of PA6 and the inherently formed copolymers. The PPE domains are smaller in the blends prepared with the coupling agents. Their size is correlated with the copolymer formation, surface tension, and interphase relaxation time. The data evidence a complex system where reactions resulting in the formation of copolymer via coupling or grafting take place together with the extension of the PPE and condensation growth of the PA6 polymers.
Application of docking methodologies to modeled proteins
Authors: Singh Amar , Dauzhenka Taras , Kundrotas Petras J. , Sternberg Michael J. E. , Vakser Ilya A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProtein docking is essential for structural characterization of protein interactions. Besides providing the structure of protein complexes, modeling of proteins and their complexes is important for understanding the fundamental principles and specific aspects of protein interactions. The accuracy of protein modeling, in general, is still less than that of the experimental approaches. Thus, it is important to investigate the applicability of docking techniques to modeled proteins. We present new comprehensive benchmark sets of protein models for the development and validation of protein docking, as well as a systematic assessment of free and template‐based docking techniques on these sets. As opposed to previous studies, the benchmark sets reflect the real case modeling/docking scenario where the accuracy of the models is assessed by the modeling procedure, without reference to the native structure (which would be unknown in practical applications). We also expanded the analysis to include docking of protein pairs where proteins have different structural accuracy. The results show that, in general, the template‐based docking is less sensitive to the structural inaccuracies of the models than the free docking. The near‐native docking poses generated by the template‐based approach, typically, also have higher ranks than those produces by the free docking (although the free docking is indispensable in modeling the multiplicity of protein interactions in a crowded cellular environment). The results show that docking techniques are applicable to protein models in a broad range of modeling accuracy. The study provides clear guidelines for practical applications of docking to protein models.
Understanding and managing the risk during transient operations
Authors: Vaughen Bruce K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the results from more than 50 incidents attributed in part to the process safety risks associated with abnormal, transient operations during start‐ups and shut‐downs. A transient operation is defined in this paper as the time when the process is in transition between one operating state and another. In particular, the transient operations‐related focus is on the time when equipment is taken from its safe, idle state to its safe operating conditions (a start‐up) and vice versa, when the equipment is then taken back to its safe, idle state (a shut‐down). There are 10 different start‐up and shut‐down operating modes during normal operations, abnormal operations, and emergency operations. The incidents in this review were attributed to weaknesses in administrative controls that did not work as planned and engineering controls that did not perform as expected. Due to these weaknesses, unexpected events occurred, resulting in quick decisions made without adequately understanding the hazards, evaluating the risks, or managing the changes. In many cases, had the asset integrity and reliability program been in place or effective operational readiness review performed before attempting the process restarts, the risks associated with the transient operating mode could have been reduced.
Attract and kill: spinosad containing spheres to control onion maggot (Delia antiqua)
Authors: Willett Denis S , Filgueiras Camila C , Nyrop Jan P , Nault Brian A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOnion maggot (Delia antiqua) is a pest of onions worldwide. Current means of managing this pest rely heavily on prophylatic insecticide treatments at planting. These options may not be viable in organic production systems or situations where insecticide‐resistant populations occur. Here we explore the efficacy of an attract and kill strategy for control of D. antiqua evaluating the ability of attractive, spinosad containing spheres to kill adult D. antiqua and reduce crop losses.RESULTSSpinosad containing spheres were able to consistently kill D. antiqua adults over the course of the field season (mortality range: between 49% and 59% on average). Pairing spinosad spheres with Delia Lure increased efficacy by 72% compared with the spheres alone. Performance of this attract and kill strategy also can reduce damage by D. antiqua larvae in the field, but it did not achieve a level of control comparable to the level provided by a conventional insecticide treatment.CONCLUSIONImplementation of this attract and kill strategy could be a valuable tool in situations where conventional pesticides are either not available or desired, where additional control techniques are needed, or to provide a season‐long option for control of D. antiqua populations. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Revisit of test‐then‐pool methods and some practical considerations
Authors: Li Wen , Liu Frank , Snavely Duane 
Published: March 2020

SummaryTest‐then‐pool is a simple statistical method that borrows historical information to improve efficiency of the drug development process. The original test‐then‐pool method examines the difference between the historical and current information and then pools the information if there is no significant difference. One drawback of this method is that a nonsignificant difference may not always imply consistency between the historical and current information. As a result, the original test‐then‐pool method is more likely to incorrectly borrow information from the historical control when the current trial has a small sample size. Statistically, it is more natural to use an equivalence test for examining the consistency. This manuscript develops an equivalence‐based test‐then‐pool method for a continuous endpoint, explains the relationship between the two test‐then‐pool methods, explores the choice of an equivalence margin through the overlap probability, and proposes an adjustment to the nominal testing level for controlling type I error under the true consistency scenario. Furthermore, the analytical forms of the type I error and power for the two test‐then‐pool methods are derived, and practical considerations for using them are presented.
Forcing of the Martian polar annulus by Hadley cell transport and latent heating
Authors: Scott R. K. , Seviour W. J. M. , Waugh D. W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA hierarchy of idealized models is used to investigate the roles of Hadley cell forcing and latent heat release from carbon dioxide condensation in determining the annular potential vorticity structure of the Martian winter polar vortex. The angular momentum conserving the Hadley cell model of Lindzen and Hou with summer hemisphere heating maximum of appropriate strength and latitude produces a strong westerly jet near 60°N, which is similar in strength to the winter polar night jet on Mars. Although the corresponding potential vorticity profile in the angular momentum conserving and thermal wind regions has no annular structure resembling the Martian one, there is an implied δ‐function at the discontinuity in zonal wind. This δ‐function is smoothed out by explicit diffusion in full axisymmetric model integrations forming a partial annular structure, though a local maximum in potential vorticity at the pole persists and is further enhanced when cooling representing the polar night is included. A distinct polar minimum and clear annular potential vorticity structure are obtained, however, when an additional representation of polar latent heating is also included. Full eddy‐permitting shallow‐water model integrations confirm the basic structure obtained by the axisymmetric model and suggest a nominal value of viscosity appropriate as a representation of the effects of eddy mixing. Instability of the polar annulus leads to vacillation‐type behaviour involving eddy growth and annulus disruption, followed by re‐formation under the influence of radiative relaxation. The degree of transience and mean eddy activity both show an increase with stronger latent heating and the resulting deeper polar potential vorticity minimum, showing that mixing in polar regions may be dependent on details of polar carbon dioxide condensation. Vacillation time‐scales are also shown to vary with radiative time‐scales, but through a modification of instability growth rate rather than as a result of direct radiative restoration.
Steiner degree distance indices: Chemical applicability and bounds
Authors: Redžepović Izudin , Mao Yaping , Wang Zhao , Furtula Boris 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe k‐center Steiner degree distance (
SDD
k(G)) has recently been introduced as a natural extension of the degree distance DD(G). In this paper, the prediction potential of
SDD
k(G) is discussed. Then, the relation between this and some other well‐known distance‐based indices of trees is derived to explain its prediction potential. Finally, the lower and upper bounds of
SDD
k(G) in terms of some other graph invariants are presented.