bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active pollination drives selection for reduced pollen‐ovule ratios
Authors: Pellmyr Olle , Kjellberg Finn , Herre Edward Allen , Kawakita Atsushi , Hembry David H. , Holland J. Nathaniel , Terrazas Teresa , Clement Wendy , Segraves Kari A. , Althoff David M. 
Published: December 2019

PremiseVariation in pollen‐ovule ratios is thought to reflect the degree of pollen transfer efficiency—the more efficient the process, the fewer pollen grains needed. Few studies have directly examined the relationship between pollen‐ovule ratio and pollen transfer efficiency. For active pollination in the pollination brood mutualisms of yuccas and yucca moths, figs and fig wasps, senita and senita moths, and leafflowers and leafflower moths, pollinators purposefully collect pollen and place it directly on the stigmatic surface of conspecific flowers. The tight coupling of insect reproductive interests with pollination of the flowers in which larvae develop ensures that pollination is highly efficient.MethodsWe used the multiple evolutionary transitions between passive pollination and more efficient active pollination to test if increased pollen transfer efficiency leads to reduced pollen‐ovule ratios. We collected pollen and ovule data from a suite of plant species from each of the pollination brood mutualisms and used phylogenetically controlled tests and sister‐group comparisons to examine whether the shift to active pollination resulted in reduced pollen‐ovule ratios.ResultsAcross all transitions between passive and active pollination in plants, actively pollinated plants had significantly lower pollen‐ovule ratios than closely related passively pollinated taxa. Phylogenetically corrected comparisons demonstrated that actively pollinated plant species had an average 76% reduction in the pollen‐ovule ratio.ConclusionsThe results for active pollination systems support the general utility of pollen‐ovule ratios as indicators of pollination efficiency and the central importance of pollen transfer efficiency in the evolution of pollen‐ovule ratio.
The human remains from Axlor (Dima, Biscay, northern Iberian Peninsula)
Authors: Gómez‐Olivencia Asier , López‐Onaindia Diego , Sala Nohemi , Balzeau Antoine , Pantoja‐Pérez Ana , Arganda‐Carreras Ignacio , Arlegi Mikel , Rios‐Garaizar Joseba , Gómez‐Robles Aida 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe provide the description and comparative analysis of all the human fossil remains found at Axlor during the excavations carried out by J. M. de Barandiarán from 1967 to 1974: a cranial vault fragment and seven teeth, five of which likely belonged to the same individual, although two are currently lost. Our goal is to describe in detail all these human remains and discuss both their taxonomic attribution and their stratigraphic context.Materials and methodsWe describe external and internal anatomy, and use classic and geometric morphometrics. The teeth from Axlor are compared to Neandertals, Upper Paleolithic, and recent modern humans.ResultsTwo teeth (a left dm2, a left di1) and the parietal fragment show morphological features consistent with a Neandertal classification, and were found in an undisturbed Mousterian context. The remaining three teeth (plus the two lost ones), initially classified as Neandertals, show morphological features and a general size that are more compatible with their classification as modern humans.DiscussionA left parietal fragment (Level VIII) from a single probably adult Neandertal individual was recovered during the old excavations performed by Barandiarán. Additionally, two different Neandertal children lost deciduous teeth during the formations of levels V (left di1) and IV (right dm2). In addition, a modern human individual is represented by five remains (two currently lost) from a complex stratigraphic setting. Some of the morphological features of these remains suggest that they may represent one of the scarce examples of Upper Paleolithic modern human remains in the northern Iberian Peninsula, which should be confirmed by direct dating.
Age estimation by multidetector computed tomography of cranial sutures in Chinese male adults
Authors: Fan Fei , Tu Meng , Li Rui , Dai Xinhua , Zhang Kui , Chen Hu , Huang Feijun , Deng Zhenhua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore whether computed tomography (CT) images of cranial sutures can contribute to adult age estimation in Chinese Han individuals.Materials and methodsThis study was based on cranial CT scans of 230 Chinese Han males aged 23.33–76.93 years. A total of 160 images from 16 suture segments were scored after volume reformation and multiplanar reconstruction in each individual. Decision tree regression, linear support vector regression, Bayesian ridge regression, and gradient boosting regression were developed for adult age estimation by a training set using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation and further evaluated by the test set. The inaccuracy and bias were calculated to evaluate the four models and the previously used models from the literature.ResultsThe degree of suture closure was associated with adult age. The minimum inaccuracy of the test set was 7.73 years obtained by linear support vector regression, while the inaccuracy of previous simple linear regression models was 13.09 and 10.97 years. The accuracy was higher in the age group from 40.00 to 59.99 years compared to the other age groups.DiscussionThe accuracy of our models for adult age estimation was superior to those in previous studies based on cranial sutures. Hence, the application of novel statistical data mining tools helps to improve aging issues. Nevertheless, age estimation of adults should be combined with other methods, since the accuracy level is still not satisfactory.
Arsenene: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia Cells by Acting on Nuclear Proteins
Authors: Wang Xiuxiu , Hu Yi , Mo Jianbin , Zhang Jingyi , Wang Zhenzhen , Wei Wei , Li Huanlin , Xu Yun , Ma Jing , Zhao Jing , Jin Zhong , Guo Zijian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractArsenene has recently emerged as a promising new two‐dimensional material for biomedical applications because of its excellent optical and electronic properties. Herein, novel 2D arsenene nanosheets were synthesized and shown to be effective against NB4 promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) cells (82 % inhibition) as well as inducing apoptosis while showing no toxicity towards normal cells. The high zeta potential, small size, and the planar structure were crucial to the toxicity of the materials. Label‐free proteomic profiling analysis suggested that arsenene affected nuclear DNA replication, nucleotide excision repair, and pyrimidine metabolism pathways by downregulating the DNA polymerases POLE, POLD1, POLD2, and POLD3. Mass spectrometric studies showed that arsenene bound mainly to nuclear nucleotide acid binding proteins in NB4 cells and further cellular fluorescence studies revealed that the arsenene destroyed the nuclei. In vivo toxicity tests in mice also indicated the physiological biosafety of arsenene.
O‐Doped Nanographenes: A Pyrano/Pyrylium Route Towards Semiconducting Cationic Mixed‐Valence Complexes
Authors: Ðorđević Luka , Valentini Cataldo , Demitri Nicola , Mézière Cécile , Allain Magali , Sallé Marc , Folli Andrea , Murphy Damien , Mañas‐Valero Samuel , Coronado Eugenio , Bonifazi Davide 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHerein we report an efficient synthesis to prepare O‐doped nanographenes derived from the π‐extension of pyrene. The derivatives are highly fluorescent and feature low oxidation potentials. Using electrooxidation, crystals of cationic mixed‐valence (MV) complexes were grown in which the organic salts organize into face‐to‐face π‐stacks, a favorable solid‐state arrangement for organic electronics. Variable‐temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements and relaxation studies suggest a strong electron delocalization along the longitudinal axis of the columnar π‐stacking architectures. Electric measurements of single crystals of the MV salts show a semiconducting behavior with a remarkably high conductivity at room temperature. These findings support the notion that π‐extension of heteroatom‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is an attractive approach to fabricate nanographenes with a broad spectrum of semiconducting properties and high charge mobilities.
Confined Crystallization of Spin‐Crossover Nanoparticles in Block‐Copolymer Micelles
Authors: Göbel Christoph , Hils Christian , Drechsler Markus , Baabe Dirk , Greiner Andreas , Schmalz Holger , Weber Birgit 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanoparticles of the spin‐crossover coordination polymer [FeL(bipy)]n were synthesized by confined crystallization within the core of polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) diblock copolymer micelles. The 4VP units in the micellar core act as coordination sites for the Fe complex. In the bulk material, the spin‐crossover nanoparticles in the core are well isolated from each other allowing thermal treatment without disintegration of their structure. During annealing above the glass transition temperature of the PS block, the transition temperature is shifted gradually to higher temperatures from the as‐synthesized product (T1/2↓=163 K and T1/2↑=170 K) to the annealed product (T1/2↓=203 K and T1/2↑=217 K) along with an increase in hysteresis width from 6 K to 14 K. Thus, the spin‐crossover properties can be shifted towards the properties of the related bulk material. The stability of the nanocomposite allows further processing, such as electrospinning from solution.
Effect of starch ratio and compatibilization on the viscoelastic behavior of POE/starch blends
Authors: Bazli Leila , Bagherian Mehdi H. , Karrabi Mohammad , Abbassi‐Sourki Foroud , Azizi Hamed 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn this research, polyolefin elastomers (POE)/starch blends were prepared using an internal mixer with 0 to 55 wt% starch content, and MAH was added into POE/starch blend to prepare a composite that improves its biodegradation, while tuning the viscoelastic behavior and morphology. The effect of the composition and the compatibilizer addition on properties, such as morphology, rheology, and the creep behavior, was investigated. The observations of microstructures through thescanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that in the incompatibilized blends, the interfacial adhesion of the phases was very weak. In contrast, in compatibilized samples, the broken surface of starch was observed confirming the enhanced interfacial tension. Additionally, the increase in the starch content led to the rise in the relaxation times. The creep test results revealed that with the increment of starch content, the creep of the blends increased. The compatibilizer improved the creep recovery of the blends. Moreover, by addition of the compatibilizer, the values of the creep parameters including η, E1, E2, and τR obtained from the standard linear solid model (SLS), was higher than those for the incompatibilized blends. The addition of POE‐MA compatibilizer can improve the properties of POE/starch blends, while keeping their biocompatibility. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48877.
Enhanced selective adsorption of cation organic dyes on polyvinyl alcohol/agar/maltodextrin water‐resistance biomembrane
Authors: Hoang Bich Ngoc , Nguyen Thuong Thi , Bui Quynh Phuong Thi , Bach Long Giang , Vo Dai‐Viet N. , Trinh Chinh Dung , Bui Xuan‐Thanh , Nguyen Trinh Duy 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, we designed a novel hydrogel composite membrane based on the combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), agar, and maltodextrin through a facile solution‐casting router. From Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, scanning electron microscopy, and swelling analyses, the formation of hydrogen bonds between surface functional groups of PVA, agar, and maltodextrin was confirmed. As a result, the PVA/agar/maltodextrin membranes exhibited a more hydrophobic nature compared with pure PVA. The thermal stability and integrity of such obtained composite membranes were also elucidated by the evaluation of thermogravimetric analysis and mechanical behavior. Besides, the composite membrane exhibited high selective adsorption for cationic dyes, namely 20.2 mg g−1 for methylene blue and 19.17 mg g−1 for crystal violet at initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L, an adsorbent dosage of 0.1 g, contact time of 180 min, and solution pH 7, while anionic dyes such as congo red and methyl orange are approximately zero. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm of the as‐prepared composite membranes were well fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order and Temkin model. The effect of factors, including contact time, solution pH, PVA content, and initial dye concentration on the adsorption capacity of the as‐prepared composite membrane was also investigated in detail. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48904.
Human‐lymphocyte cell friendly starch–hydroxyapatite biodegradable composites: Hydrophilic mechanism, mechanical, and structural impact
Authors: Pramanik Sumit , Agarwala Pratibha , Vasudevan Kharthik , Sarkar Koustav 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBiodegradable starch (Str) polymer was derived from potato, a plant‐based natural carbohydrate polymers source, by one‐pot synthesis. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was produced from goat bone by step sintering. The inexpensive starch/HA thin film composites were fabricated by customized spin coating. This study revealed that the hydrogen bond energy and distance have significant effect on glass transition temperature of the polymer. The 40 wt % HA contained starch (StrHA40) composite thin film showed excellent tensile strength (3.03 + −0.03 MPa), elongation (21.5 + −5.5%) and modulus (15.5 + −0.2 MPa) closed to human skin. The in vitro swelling and biodegradation kinetics of pristine starch and pure HA has been controlled and improved by using suitable composition. This study postulated the probable water molecule‐adsorption mechanisms of pristine starch and starch/HA composite films. The StrHA40 composite showed excellent biocompatibility to the human‐blood derived lymphocyte cells. Therefore, the starch/HA thin film composite‐based biodegradable scaffolds developed in the present study can be an excellent potential candidate for soft tissue regeneration and/or replacement applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48913.
A compilation of the penetration of anaerobic digestion technology in 16 small‐island developing states in the Caribbean region
Authors: Holder Nikolai , Mota‐Meira Marilaine , Born Jens , Sutrina Sarah L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the level of penetration and barriers to the uptake, of anaerobic digestion technology in 16 Caribbean different territories. All countries considered are small island developing states (SIDS), and face a similar challenge of energy security. Anaerobic digestion technology could be a viable option for a number of these nations to help address this issue of energy security. However, there are several parameters such as economic costs versus economic benefits, biomass and land space availability, or even education and awareness, that greatly influence the utilization of this technology by these nations. This article gives some insight into how these parameters influence the current level of use of the technology, and hopefully will provide guidance on how to improve the level of implementation of this technology, in the territories covered in this article. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
TOB1 suppresses proliferation in K‐Ras wild‐type pancreatic cancer
Authors: Bai Yuru , Qiao Lu , Xie Ning , Li Yan , Nie Yongzhan , Pan Yan , Shi Yupeng , Wang Jinhai , Liu Na 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTOB1 participates in various kinds of cancers. However, its role in pancreatic cancer has rarely been reported. In this study, we explored the expression and mechanisms of TOB1 in regulating the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells. TOB1 expression was determined by data mining and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and its localization was observed by immunofluorescence. CCK‐8 cell proliferation, colony formation, flow cytometric, transwell migration, and Western blot (WB) assays were used to examine how it impacts the malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, Foxa2 binding to TOB1 was tested by dual‐luciferase reporter assays, and RNA‐Seq was performed to identify signaling pathways. We found TOB1 was downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and was mainly located in the cytoplasm. TOB1 overexpression reduced the proliferation of K‐Ras wild‐type pancreatic cancer cells but made no difference to cell migration and invasion. Foxa2 overexpression significantly enhanced TOB1 promoter activity. Moreover, overexpressing TOB1 substantially enriched the calcium pathway in K‐Ras wild‐type pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, TOB1 may suppress the proliferation of K‐Ras wild‐type pancreatic cancer cells by regulating calcium pathway genes.
Mild carotid stenosis creates gradual, progressive, lifelong brain, and eye damage: An experimental laboratory rat model
Authors: Tzameret Adi , Piontkewitz Yael , Nitzan Anat , Rudoler Nir , Bruzel Marina , Zilberstein Yael , Ziv Hana , Pri‐Chen Sarah , Solomon Arieh S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn humans, carotid stenosis of 70% and above might be the cause of clinical symptoms such as transient ischemic attack and stroke. No clinical or animal studies have evaluated mild carotid occlusion, and few examined unilateral occlusion. Here, Westar rats underwent bilateral or unilateral carotid occlusion of 28–45%. Long‐term effects were evaluated 9–11 months later. We conducted cognitive evaluation using spatial learning in a water maze and exploration behavior in an open field. Morphology of the brain was examined by MRI using diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI) and immunohistochemistry staining of the brain and eyes. Cognitive deficit was found in spatial memory and exploration behavior in both occluded groups. Brain and eyes histology presented severe damage in the bilateral group, compared to the unilateral one. DTI revealed an increase in mean diffusivity (MD) in the ventral thalamus and a decrease in fractional anisotropy in optic nerve and optic tract in bilateral rats, while unilateral rats showed only an increase in MD in the ventral pons. In those areas, a significant change in astrocytes, microglia, and number of apoptotic cells were found. Bilateral occlusion produced severe damage to both retinas, while unilateral occlusion produced damage mainly in the occluded side. We found that mild carotid stenosis, even in a unilateral occlusion, creates behavioral abnormalities presented by brain and eye histopathology. The results support our hypothesis that gradual formation of mild carotid stenosis along the life course leads to progressive damage that may create different degenerative diseases at a later age.
Evaluation of expanded gamut software solutions for spot color reproduction
Authors: Sharma Abhay , Seymour John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExpanded gamut printing is an approach in color reproduction that expands the color gamut of conventional CMYK printing processes via the use of additional colorants, such as Orange, Green, and Violet inks. This study evaluates the ability of commercial color management software to create an accurate solution for an expanded gamut printing system. In this study, two printing processes were used, an Epson SureColor P9000 inkjet printer/proofer and an HP Indigo 7900 digital production press, both with 7‐color expanded gamut ink sets. Software solutions from Alwan, CGS ORIS, ColorLogic, GMG Color, Heidelberg, and Kodak were evaluated. The systems were tested to see how well they could reproduce the colors in the entire PANTONE+ Solid Coated spot color library. It is shown that the solutions are able to reproduce 89% to 94% of the spot colors on the Epson P9000 inkjet printer and 77% to 87% of the library on the Indigo 7900, both to less than two CIEDE2000 (a typical tolerance in label and packaging work). The number of color patches in expanded gamut characterization test charts was noted, as this is still an area of proprietary, nonstandardized working practice. There are many different colorant combinations that can make the same color in expanded gamut printing. The ink build created by the different software solutions was studied, as it relates to press stability through appropriate choice of colorants. Pantone and Adobe provide everyday commercial tools for expanded color workflows. The study identified some issues with products from these companies that could confuse a less‐skilled user in a busy production environment. The conclusion of the study is that expanded gamut solutions for spot color printing produce totally acceptable results for digital printing processes; expanded gamut printing is ready, here and now. The findings show that expanded gamut printing can replace cumbersome conventional spot color workflows creating considerable savings and advantages, especially for label and packaging printers.
Single‐Dose Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Avadomide (CC‐122) in Subjects With Mild, Moderate, or Severe Renal Impairment
Authors: Li Yan , MacGorman Kimberly , Liu Liangang , Chen Jian , Hoffmann Matthew , Palmisano Maria , Zhou Simon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCC‐122 (Avadomide) is a nonphthalimide analogue of thalidomide that has multiple pharmacological activities including immune modulation of several immune cell subsets, antigrowth activity, antiproliferative activity, and antiangiogenic activity. CC‐122 as monotherapy and in combination with other agents is being evaluated for multiple indications including hematologic malignancies and advanced solid tumors. Given that renal clearance is one of the major routes of elimination for CC‐122 and its clearance/exposure could be affected by renal impairment, a total of 50 subjects with various degrees of renal function were enrolled in an open‐label, single‐dose study to evaluate the impact of renal impairment on CC‐122 pharmacokinetic disposition. The study showed that following administration of a single oral dose of 3 mg CC‐122, renal impairment reduced both the apparent total plasma clearance and renal clearance of CC‐122, but it had less impact on CC‐122 absorption, as demonstrated by similar Tmax and Cmax among groups with various degrees of renal function. Compared with exposure in subjects with normal renal function, total plasma exposure to CC‐122 increased by ∼20%, ∼50%, and ∼120% in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe renal insufficiency, respectively. Results from this study combined with modeling/simulation suggest that dose adjustments are necessary in patients with moderate or severe but not with mild renal impairment. Finally, a single dose of 3 mg CC‐122 was safe and well tolerated by healthy subjects and subjects with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment.