bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the Compatibility of an Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay toward the Reprogramming of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Adenylation Domains
Authors: Ishikawa Fumihiro , Nohara Maya , Takashima Katsuki , Tanabe Genzoh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn important challenge in natural product biosynthesis is the biosynthetic design and production of artificial peptides. One of the most promising strategies is reprogramming adenylation (A) domains to expand the substrate repertoire of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). Therefore, the precise detection of subtle structural changes in the substrate binding pockets of A domains might accelerate their reprogramming. Here we show that an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a combination of small‐molecule probes can detect the effects of substrate binding pocket residue substitutions in A‐domains. When coupled with a set of aryl acid A‐domain variants (total of nine variants), the ELISA can analyze the subtle differences in their active‐site architectures. Furthermore, the ELISA‐based screening was able to identify the variants with substrate binding pockets that accepted a non‐cognate substrate from an original pool of 45. These studies demonstrate that ELISA is a reliable platform for providing insights into the active‐site properties of A‐domains and can be applied for the reprogramming of NRPS A‐domains.
Rational Construction of Core‐Shell Ni−Mn−Co−S@Co(OH)2 Nanoarrays toward High‐Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Arian Ramtin , Zardkhoshoui Akbar Mohammadi , Hosseiny Davarani Saied Saeed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAbstract: Rational construction of electrode materials with exclusive structures and compositions are highly attractive for improving the electrochemical properties of supercapacitors (SCs). In the present study, we demonstrate the construction of unique core–shell Ni−Mn−Co−S@Co(OH)2 nanoarrays on nickel foam (denoted as NMCS@COH/NF) as an attractive battery‐type electrode material for SCs through the hydrothermal and electrodeposition strategies, in which the Ni−Mn−Co−S nanowires are well wrapped in the Co(OH)2 shells. Benefiting from the attractive structural properties, the NMCS@COH/NF electrode exhibits considerable electrochemical properties in the aspects of reasonable rate performance (80.3 % up to 24 A g−1), long‐term cyclability (retention rate of 93.3 % undergoing 10 000 cycles), and exceptional capacity (284.85 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1). Subsequently, the NMCS@COH electrode is assembled into a hybrid supercapacitor, which delivers a good energy density of 51.1 Wh kg−1 at 751.47 W kg−1 and a maximum power density of 18411.76 W kg−1 at 31.3 Wh kg−1. This work provides a straightforward route to rational construction of the electrode materials with promising structural and electrochemical properties for SC applications.
2‐Naphthol Moiety of Neocarzinostatin Chromophore as a Novel Protein‐Photodegrading Agent and Its Application as a H2O2‐Activatable Photosensitizer
Authors: Kitamura Takashi , Shiroshita Saori , Takahashi Daisuke , Toshima Kazunobu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA 2‐naphthol derivative 2 corresponding to the aromatic ring moiety of neocarzinostatin chromophore was found to degrade proteins under photo‐irradiation with long‐wavelength UV light without any additives under neutral conditions. Structure–activity relationship studies of the derivative revealed that methylation of the hydroxyl group at the C2 position of 2 significantly suppressed its photodegradation ability. Furthermore, a purpose‐designed synthetic tumor‐related biomarker, a H2O2‐activatable photosensitizer 8 possessing a H2O2‐responsive arylboronic ester moiety conjugated to the hydroxyl group at the C2 position of 2, showed significantly lower photodegradation ability compared to 2. However, release of the 2 from 8 by reaction with H2O2 regenerated the photodegradation ability. Compound 8 exhibited selective photo‐cytotoxicity against high H2O2‐expressing cancer cells upon irradiation with long‐wavelength UV light.
Helical γ‐Peptide Foldamers as Dual Inhibitors of Amyloid‐β Peptide and Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Oligomerization and Fibrillization
Authors: Kaffy Julia , Berardet Corentin , Mathieu Loïc , Legrand Baptiste , Taverna Myriam , Halgand Frédéric , Van Der Rest Guillaume , Maillard Ludovic T. , Ongeri Sandrine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) belong to the 10 deadliest diseases and are sorely lacking in effective treatments. Both pathologies are part of the degenerative disorders named amyloidoses, which involve the misfolding and the aggregation of amyloid peptides, hIAPP for T2D and Aβ1‐42 for AD. While hIAPP and Aβ1‐42 inhibitors have been essentially designed to target β‐sheet‐rich structures composing the toxic amyloid oligomers and fibrils of these peptides, the strategy aiming at trapping the non‐toxic monomers in their helical native conformation has been rarely explored. We report herein the first example of helical foldamers as dual inhibitors of hIAPP and Aβ1‐42 aggregation and able to preserve the monomeric species of both amyloid peptides. A foldamer composed of 4‐amino(methyl)‐1,3‐thiazole‐5‐carboxylic acid (ATC) units, adopting a 9‐helix structure reminiscent of 310 helix, was remarkable as demonstrated by biophysical assays combining thioflavin‐T fluorescence, transmission electronic microscopy, capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.
An Isosteric Triaza Analogue of a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Monkey Saddle
Authors: Kirschbaum Tobias , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince a few years, the interest in negatively‐curved fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has significantly increased. Recently, the first chiral negatively‐curved PAH with the topology of a monkey saddle was introduced. Herein the synthesis of its triaza congener is reported. The influence of this CH↔N exchange on photophysical and electrochemical properties is studied as well as the isomerization process of the enantiomers. The aza analogue has a significantly higher inversion barrier, which makes it easier to handle at room temperature. All experimental results are underpinned by theoretical DFT calculations.
Perioperative COX2 and β‐adrenergic blockade improves biomarkers of tumor metastasis, immunity, and inflammation in colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Haldar Rita , Ricon‐Becker Itay , Radin Arielle , Gutman Mordechai , Cole Steve W. , Zmora Oded , Ben‐Eliyahu Shamgar 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPreclinical studies have implicated excess release of catecholamines and prostaglandins in the mediation of prometastatic processes during surgical treatment of cancer. In this study, we tested the combined perioperative blockade of these pathways in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled biomarker trial involving 34 patients, the β‐blocker propranolol and the COX2‐inhibitor etodolac were administered for 20 perioperative days, starting 5 days before surgery. Excised tumors were subjected to whole genome messenger RNA profiling and transcriptional control pathway analyses.ResultsDrugs were well‐tolerated, with minor complications in both the treatment group and the placebo group. Treatment resulted in a significant improvement (P < .05) of tumor molecular markers of malignant and metastatic potential, including 1) reduced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, 2) reduced tumor infiltrating CD14+ monocytes and CD19+ B cells, and 3) increased tumor infiltrating CD56+ natural killer cells. Transcriptional activity analyses indicated a favorable drug impact on 12 of 19 a priori hypothesized CRC‐related transcription factors, including the GATA, STAT, and EGR families as well as the CREB family that mediates the gene regulatory impact of β‐adrenergic– and prostaglandin‐signaling. Alterations observed in these transcriptional activities were previously associated with improved long‐term clinical outcomes. Three‐year recurrence rates were assessed for long‐term safety analyses. An intent‐to‐treat analysis revealed that recurrence rates were 12.5% (2/16) in the treatment group and 33.3% (6/18) in the placebo group (P = .239), and in protocol‐compliant patients, recurrence rates were 0% (0/11) in the treatment group and 29.4% (5/17) in the placebo group (P = .054).ConclusionsThe favorable biomarker impacts and clinical outcomes provide a rationale for future randomized placebo‐controlled trials in larger samples to assess the effects of perioperative propranolol/etodolac treatment on oncological clinical outcomes.
Complex brain activity analysis and recognition based on multiagent methods
Authors: Zhang Hao Lan , Liu Jiming , Dowens Margaret G. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBrain activity recognition research has been a challenging area for many decades since Hans Berger described electroencephalogram (EEG) in 1929. Many previous researches cannot successfully identify EEG status due to dynamic brain activities and complicated brain correlation. This article adopts multiagent‐based methods to analyze EEG datasets, which can enhance the analytical efficiency through incorporating autonomous, self‐coordination characteristics of agents. Intelligent agents are autonomous applications that can improve system compatibility. The preliminary results indicate that the combination of time‐dependency correlation method with multiagent method is an efficient solution for brain activity recognition.
Research on multi‐source mobile commerce service recommendation model of data fusion based on tree network
Authors: Zhu Wenqiang 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWith the rapid development of e‐commerce and computer technology, the recommendation service in business activities has no longer implemented by people, but by software technology. In general, the e‐commerce website recommendation service can have divided into two types: standardization and personalization. The design of the recommendation service should be as follows, the content presentation should meet the consumer's shopping needs; we need to provide different processing level information according to the consumer's cognitive level; appropriately select the expression and strengthen the credibility of the recommendation. This article proposes a multi‐source data fusion strategy of mobile commerce service recommendation for tree‐based networks. On this basis, the tree‐node relationship is stored through redundant data, thus achieving complete decoupling between tree‐type nodes and reaching the tree. The purpose is to have the efficient storage and access of structured data. For the multimedia mobile device is limited by hardware conditions, limited storage capacity, weak computing power, and so on, using client‐side cached partial data and on‐demand sequence request server data and other strategies, making full use of the hierarchical structure of tree structure to design efficient. The tree synchronization model enables efficient buffering and accessing of server data by mobile devices.
Tuning the Redox Chemistry of a Cr/SiO2 Phillips Catalyst for Controlling Activity, Induction Period and Polymer Properties
Authors: Jongkind Maarten K. , van Kessel Theo , Velthoen Marjolein E. Z. , Friederichs Nic. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Cr/SiO2 Phillips catalyst has taken a central role in ethylene polymerization ever since its discovery in 1953. This catalyst is unique compared to other ethylene polymerization catalysts, since it is active without the addition of a metal‐alkyl co‐catalyst. However, metal‐alkyls can be added for scavenging poisons, enhancing the catalyst activity, reducing the induction period and altering polymer characteristics. Despite extensive research into the working state of the catalyst, still no consensus has been reached. Here, we show that by varying the type of metal‐alkyl co‐catalyst and its amount, the Cr redox chemistry can be tailored, resulting in distinct catalyst activities, induction periods, and polymer characteristics. We have used in‐situ UV‐Vis‐NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for studying the Cr oxidation state during the reduction by tri‐ethyl borane (TEB) or tri‐ethyl aluminum (TEAl) and during subsequent ethylene polymerization. The results show that TEB primarily acts as a reductant and reduces Cr6+ with subsequent ethylene polymerization resulting in rapid polyethylene formation. TEAl generated two types of Cr2+ sites, inaccessible Cr3+ sites and active Cr4+ sites. Subsequent addition of ethylene also revealed an increased reducibility of residual Cr6+ sites and resulted in rapid polyethylene formation. Our results demonstrate the possibility of controlling the reduction chemistry by adding the proper amount and type of metal‐alkyl for obtaining desired catalyst activities and tailored polyethylene characteristics.
Genetic Manipulation and Virulence Assessment of Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Peluso Emily A. , Scheible Matthew , Ton‐That Hung , Wu Chenggang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsidered a commensal, the Gram‐negative anaerobe Fusobacterium nucleatum is a key member of the oral microbiome due to its wide range of interactions with many oral microbes. While the periodontal pathogenic properties of this organism have widely been examined, its connotation with extra‐oral infections, including preterm birth and colorectal cancer, has now become apparent. Nonetheless, little is known about the mechanisms of pathogenicity and the associated virulence factors of F. nucleatum, most likely due to limited genetic tools and facile methodology. Here, we describe molecular techniques for the genetic manipulation of F. nucleatum, including markerless, nonpolar gene deletion, complementation, and Tn5 transposon mutagenesis. Further, we provide methodology to assess virulence potential of F. nucleatum using a mouse model of preterm birth. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Generation of a galK mutant strainBasic Protocol 2: Complementation of a mutant strainBasic Protocol 3: Tn5 transposon mutagenesis of F. nucleatumBasic Protocol 4: Mouse model of preterm birth
Amine‐Mediated Bond Cleavage in Oxidized Lignin Models
Authors: Li Hongji , Liu Meijiang , Liu Huifang , Luo Nengchao , Zhang Chaofeng , Wang Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroducing amines/ammonia into lignin cracking will allow novel bond cleavage pathways. Herein, a method of amines/ammonia‐mediated bond cleavage in oxidized lignin β‐O‐4 models was studied using a copper catalyst at room temperature, demonstrating the effect of the amine source on the selectivity of products. For primary and secondary aliphatic amines, lignin ketone models underwent oxidative Cα−Cβ bond cleavage and Cα−N bond formation to generate aromatic amides. For ammonia, the competition between oxygen and ammonia determined the selectivity between Cα−N and Cβ−N bond formation, generating amides and α‐keto amides, respectively. For tertiary amines, the lignin models underwent oxidative Cα−Cβ bond cleavage to benzoic acids. Control experiments indicated that amines act as nucleophiles attacking at the Cα or Cβ position of the oxidized β‐O‐4 linkage to be cleaved. This study represents a novel example that the breakage of oxidized lignin model can be regulated by amines with a copper catalyst.
Bioactivity and safety of B7‐H3‐targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells against anaplastic meningioma
Authors: Tang Xin , Liu Fujun , Liu Zhiyong , Cao Yi , Zhang Zongliang , Wang Yuelong , Huang Jianhan , Fan Shuangming , Zhao Shasha , Chen Yaxin , Li Gaowei , Wang Shan , Zheng Meijun , Hu Yating , Li Hongjian , Jiang Caiying , Yang Meijia , Yang Hui , Xu JianGuo , Guo Gang , Tong Aiping , Zhou Liangxue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a first‐in‐human study to evaluate the bioactivity and safety of B7‐H3‐targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) autologous T cells for treating recurrent anaplastic meningioma.MethodsTumor tissues from a patient with recurrent anaplastic meningioma were evaluated for B7‐H3 expression. B7‐H3‐targeted CAR‐T cells were delivered into the intracranial tumor resection cavity using an Ommaya device at a maximum dose of 1.5 × 107 cells. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening and multiple serum indexes were regularly monitored. The patient received surgical intervention after three‐cycle infusions, allowing analysis for CAR‐T‐cell infiltration and target antigen expression in post‐CAR‐T therapy tumor tissues.ResultsImmunochemical analysis demonstrated high and homogeneous B7‐H3 expression in tumor samples. MRI results indicated that the tumor near the delivery device was relatively stable compared with the rapid progression of tumors distant from the device. We found CAR‐T‐cell trafficking to regions of B7‐H3+ tumor tissues near the device, but not to tumor tissues distant from the device. Decreased B7‐H3 expression was observed near the region of CAR‐T‐cell infiltration after therapy. The intracavitary delivery of B7‐H3‐targeted CAR‐T cells was well‐tolerated and not associated with any toxic effects of grade 3 or higher.ConclusionOur results suggested that although intracavitary administration of B7‐H3‐targeted CAR‐T cells was safe and resulted in local bioactivity, addressing antigen loss and CAR‐T‐cell trafficking may further enhance the applications of B7‐H3‐targeted CAR‐T‐cell therapy.
Serious and enduring anorexia nervosa from a developmental point of view: How to detect potential risks at an early stage and prevent chronic illness?
Authors: Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis commentary on serious and enduring anorexia nervosa adopts the position of a developmental psychiatrist. It argues that this perspective illuminates the etiology and course of severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE‐AN) and could thus help to develop treatments targeting typical early characteristics of patients with SE‐AN. Based on a detailed knowledge of contributing factors, a risk score for SE‐AN should be designed by which the probability of chronicity could be calculated at an early stage and preventive measures be taken. As the formation of habits seems to play an important role in establishing a chronic course of AN, psychotherapeutic techniques that include “habit reversal” should be considered during the early stage. Another recommended step in preventing SE‐AN is the identification of resilience factors that are associated with a late favorable outcome.
Acoustic localization of terrestrial wildlife: Current practices and future opportunities
Authors: Rhinehart Tessa A. , Chronister Lauren M. , Devlin Trieste , Kitzes Justin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAutonomous acoustic recorders are an increasingly popular method for low‐disturbance, large‐scale monitoring of sound‐producing animals, such as birds, anurans, bats, and other mammals. A specialized use of autonomous recording units (ARUs) is acoustic localization, in which a vocalizing animal is located spatially, usually by quantifying the time delay of arrival of its sound at an array of time‐synchronized microphones. To describe trends in the literature, identify considerations for field biologists who wish to use these systems, and suggest advancements that will improve the field of acoustic localization, we comprehensively review published applications of wildlife localization in terrestrial environments. We describe the wide variety of methods used to complete the five steps of acoustic localization: (1) define the research question, (2) obtain or build a time‐synchronizing microphone array, (3) deploy the array to record sounds in the field, (4) process recordings captured in the field, and (5) determine animal location using position estimation algorithms. We find eight general purposes in ecology and animal behavior for localization systems: assessing individual animals' positions or movements, localizing multiple individuals simultaneously to study their interactions, determining animals' individual identities, quantifying sound amplitude or directionality, selecting subsets of sounds for further acoustic analysis, calculating species abundance, inferring territory boundaries or habitat use, and separating animal sounds from background noise to improve species classification. We find that the labor‐intensive steps of processing recordings and estimating animal positions have not yet been automated. In the near future, we expect that increased availability of recording hardware, development of automated and open‐source localization software, and improvement of automated sound classification algorithms will broaden the use of acoustic localization. With these three advances, ecologists will be better able to embrace acoustic localization, enabling low‐disturbance, large‐scale collection of animal position data.
The impact of chronic pain on patients and spouses: Consequences on occupational status, distribution of household chores and care‐giving burden
Authors: Suso‐Ribera Carlos , Yakobov Esther , Carriere Junie S , García‐Palacios Azucena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundInformal care‐giving by spouses has become frequent in chronic pain settings. However, the impact of pain on occupational, functional and health outcomes in spouses has not been systematically investigated.AimsThe goal of the present study was to examine the impact of pain on both patient and spousal outcomes.MethodsIn the present study, the impact of chronic pain on 114 heterosexual dyads was explored (patients: 59% females, average age = 57.81 years, SD = 11.85; spouses: 41% females, average age = 57.32 years, SD = 12.15).ResultsOverall, both patients and spouses reported important consequences of pain on outcomes, including occupational status distribution of household chores and marital satisfaction). Almost 52% of spouses indicated a high‐to‐severe burden. A multivariate model with spouse and patient factors accounted for 37.8% of the variance of this burden. In the model, patient disability (β = 0.36, p = .002), spouses’ change in occupational status (β = 0.26, p = .002) and spousal perception of marital adjustment (β = −0.36, p < .001) were uniquely associated with burden.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the impact of chronic pain should be evaluated both for patients and spouses and point to patient and spouse factors that might contribute to spousal burden, which might help guide family interventions in a more effective manner.SignificanceResearch has shown that chronic pain poses a significant burden on individuals, which increases their reliance on others for assistance. However, the burden of informal care‐giving assumed by spouses of patients with chronic pain has not been systematically investigated. This study offers new insights into the impact of chronic pain on patients and their spouses, which might provide empirical foundation for the development of new avenues for intervention aimed at promoting adjustment in patients with chronic pain and spouses who act as informal caregivers.