bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could sublingual vaccination be a viable option for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in Canada? A systematic review of the current literature and plans for the future
Authors: Nickel J. Curtis 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT (word count: 248)
Introduction: We conducted a systematic review to examine the role of a novel sublingual vaccine – Uromune – for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI) to understand its potential role for Canadian women suffering from rUTI.
Methods: Databases were searched for studies published from 2010-2020 that investigated use of Uromune in management of rUTI. Only original clinical studies which included use of Uromune as prophylaxis for uncomplicated rUTI in women that included UTI-free rate following initiation of vaccine as an outcome were included.
Results: Of 73 publications related to Uromune and UTIs, 19 unique clinical studies were identified evaluating Uromune for prevention of rUTI. Five studies met our inclusion criteria for primary review. These included 1,408 women treated with Uromune. In 2 retrospective comparative studies, subjects treated with Uromune daily for 3 months had significantly higher UTI-free rates (35 to 90%) than subjects treated with 6 months of antibiotic prophylaxis (0% in 499 women in total) over 15 months (p<0.001 for both studies). In 3 prospective uncontrolled studies, UTI-free rates for subjects treated with Uromune ranged from 33 to 78% over 9-24 months. No major safety issues were identified in these trials. Additional unique studies evaluating Uromune for rUTI that did not meet our criteria added consistent confirmation of the potential efficacy and safety of Uromune to prevent rUTI.
Conclusions: Although these findings require confirmation in currently active prospective clinical studies, including a randomized placebo-controlled trial, Uromune may be an alternative to antibiotics to prevent rUTI in Canadian women.
Insecticidal Efficacy of Essential Oils from Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Thymus vulgaris, Ferula assafoetida L on Callosobruchus maculatus F
Authors: Estekhdami P. , Dehsorkhi A. Nasiri , Kalvandi R. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The plants have well-developed defense mechanisms against pests and are excellent sources of new insecticidal substances.
Materials and methods: An experiment was conducted on Hamedan Agricultural Research Center, as factorial based on completely randomized blocks in 3 replications during 2009. Experimental treatments included 10 levels concentration with Cinnamomum zeylanicum (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 75, 100, 200, 300) µl, 7 levels concentration with Thymus vulgaris (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 10, 20, 30) µl, 6 levels concentration with Ferula assafoetida L (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150) µl as the time at 3 levels (8, 24, 48) hours as the second factor. 1 ml of solutiones were applied on filter papers with Whatman No. 1. Then each dried paper was placed and 10 C. maculatus adults was placed. Each set of treatment was repeated 3 times and number of dead insects in was counted at an interval of 8, 24, 48 hours respectively.
Conclusion: Percentage mortality was calculated. It has been results that the C. zeylanicum, T. vulgaris, F. assafoetida L essential oils showed 13%, 56%, 10% mortality adult of C. maculatus at dose of 5 µl of C. zeylanicum, 0.25 µl of T. vulgaris, 30 µl of F. assafoetida L respectively. Further concentration increase to 300 µl of C. zeylanicum oil, 30 µl of T. vulgaris, 150 µl F. assafoetida L yielded mortality of 100% against adult C. maculatus respectively.
Spatial Distribution, Regeneration, Growth and Thicket Formation of Thornless Mimosa tenuiflora in a Caatinga Site of Northeast Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Maria Beatriz , Bakke Olaf Andreas , Sousa Geovana Gomes de , Bakke Ivonete Alves , Azevedo Sebastiana Renata Vilela , Ferreira Wesley Costa 
Published: May 2020

Aims: Percentage of native thorny and thornless Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret trees, and their growth, height and/or diameter class distribution and clustering pattern were determined in a pure stand of this species.
Study Design: A survey of the adult and juvenile plants was carried out in a 50 m x 50 m site after 10 years of tree cover regeneration.
Place and Duration of Study: The study site was located at Fazenda Nupearido, Patos-PB, Brazil and data collection occurred in September 2017.
Methodology: Adult plants with trunk circumference at breast height (1.3 m from the soil) > 6 cm (CBH > 6 cm) were measured for height and CBH, and located within the study area. Juvenile plants (i.e.: CBH ≤ 6 cm) were divided into 4 height classes. The position of only the thornless individuals within the study area was determined.
Results: Among the 170 adult plants documented in the area, 95.3% and 4.7% were thorny and thornless, respectively. Height and diameter at breast height averaged higher for thornless than for thorny adult plants (4.13 m and 9.28 cm vs. 3.61 m and 5.90 cm). In contrast, thornless juvenile plants averaged lower for height and basal diameter than the thorny ones. The number of juvenile M. tenuiflora totaled 897 plants, including 58 thornless ones, but percentage of thornless juveniles peaked at 17.6% for 10-to-50 cm high plants. In general, thorny plants showed a clustering pattern of distribution while the thornless plans were randomly distributed.
Conclusion: The density, random distribution and growth of the thornless plants suggest the possibility to form thickets of thornless plants in caatinga sites where this tree predominates. Also, these data show that in forested sites with thorny trees that generate thornless mutants, as observed in the Caatinga Biome for M. tenuiflora and other tree species, it is possible to increase the frequency and abundance of the naturally regenerating thornless plants, making easier the exploitation of forest resources, an approach that may be applied in other types of vegetation.
Antifouling performance enhancement of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane through increasing charge‐loading capacity over Prussian blue nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Yuan Haikuan , Wang Chengcong , Liu Xiaodi , Lu Jie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrussian blue (PB), as a kind of regulator of charge‐loading capacity, was first used to modify polyethersulfone (PES) membrane, and a novel PB/PES ultrafiltration membrane was prepared by non‐solvent induced phase separation method. The physicochemical properties of PB‐NPs and PB/PES membranes were analyzed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and zeta potential analysis. It was observed that PB‐NPs were uniformly distributed in the PES matrix and a lotus‐seedpod structure was formed inside the membrane. The addition of PB‐NPs improved the charge‐loading capacity of the PES membrane. The permeation and antifouling performance were investigated by filtering bovine serum albumin aqueous solution with different pH values. The results showed that the PB/PES membrane with 0.2‐wt% PB‐NPs content had the excellent antifouling performance and the flux recovery ratio value reached 90.73%. Moreover, the long‐term stability test showed that PB‐NPs did not fall off after continuous pure water filtration, indicating that PB/PES membrane had a good stability.
16S rRNA‐functionalized multi‐HCR concatemers in a signal amplification nanostructure for visual detection of Salmonella
Authors: Qu Guijuan , Sun Xiuwei , Ying Na , Bu Shengjun , Li Zhongyi , Hao Zhuo , Wu Haibo , Wan Jiayu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo prevent foodborne diseases and minimize their impacts, it is extremely important to develop a cost‐effective and efficient bacterial detection assay for diagnostics, particularly in resource‐poor settings. In this study, 16S rRNA from foodborne Salmonella was coupled with multiple HCR (hybridization chain reaction) concatemers and functionalized in a signal structure for lateral flow nucleic acid biosensor (LFNAB) detection. The 16S rRNA was incubated with two specific capture probes and multiple helper probes carrying the same initiator, to unwind its secondary structure and form an “initiators‐on‐a‐string” complex. Through use of the initiators, each target 16S rRNA yielded multiple HCR concatemers tethered to numerous biotins, and numerous streptavidin‐labeled gold nanoparticles were introduced on the LFNAB. The limit of detection was 53.65 CFU/mL for Salmonella. Notably, this method has high specificity and applicability for the detection of Salmonella in food and water samples.
Prognostic and predictive values of tumour budding in stage IV colorectal cancer
Authors: Nagata K , Shinto E , Yamadera M , Shiraishi T , Kajiwara Y , Okamoto K , Mochizuki S , Hase K , Kishi Y , Ueno H 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTumour budding is an important prognostic feature in early-stage colorectal cancer, but its prognostic significance in metastatic disease has not been fully investigated.MethodsPatients with stage IV disease who had primary colorectal tumour resection without previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy from January 2000 to December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Budding was evaluated at the primary site and graded according to the criteria of the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) (BD1, low; BD2, intermediate; BD3, high). Patients were categorized by metastatic (M1a, M1b) and resectional (R0/R1, R2/unresected) status. Subgroups were compared for overall (OS) and recurrence-free (RFS) survival in R0/R1 subgroups; R2/unresected patients were evaluated for the rate of tumour progression, based on change in tumour size from baseline.ResultsOf 371 patients observed during the study, 362 were analysed. Patients with BD3 had a lower 5-year OS rate than those with BD1 + BD2 (18·4 versus 40·5 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). Survival analyses according to metastatic and resection status also showed that BD3 was associated with shorter OS than BD1 + BD2. In multivariable analysis, BD3 (hazard ratio (HR) 1·51, 95 per cent c.i. 1·11 to 2·10; P = 0·009), T4 status (HR 1·39) and R2/unresected status (HR 3·50) were associated with decreased OS. In the R0/R1 subgroup, the 2-year RFS rate was similar for BD3 and BD1 + BD2 according to metastatic status. There was no significant difference between BD3 and BD1 + BD2 for change in tumour size in the R2/unresected subgroup (P = 0·094). Of 141 patients with initially unresectable metastases who had chemotherapy, 35 achieved conversion from unresectable to resectable status. The conversion rate was significantly higher for BD1 + BD2 than for BD3 (36 versus 18 per cent; P = 0·016).ConclusionStage IV colorectal cancer with high-grade tumour budding according to ITBCC criteria correlates with poor prognosis.
Impact of co-morbidities on health-related quality of life 10 years after surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer
Authors: Klevebro F , Johar A , Lagergren P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Oesophagectomy for cancer is associated with long-term decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of co-morbidities on HRQoL among survivors of oesophageal or gastro-oesophageal junctional cancers after 10 years or more.

Methods
The study included a prospectively collected, population-based cohort, comprising all patients who had surgery for oesophageal or gastro-oesophageal junctional cancer in Sweden in 2001–2005 with follow-up until 31 December 2016. All data regarding patient and tumour characteristics, treatment details and HRQoL were collected using a prospectively created database. Multivariable ANCOVA regression models, adjusting for age, sex, tumour histology, stage and surgical technique, were used to calculate adjusted mean scores with 95 per cent confidence intervals for all HRQoL outcomes.

Results
A total of 92 survivors (88·5 per cent) responded to the questionnaires. Patients were stratified in two groups according to whether they reported a low or high impact of co-morbidities on general health. Patients in the high-impact group had clinically significantly decreased HRQoL and an increased level of symptoms, but differences between these two groups were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Co-morbidities with high impact on general health still contribute to impaired HRQoL 10 years after oesophagectomy for cancer.
Incidence and clinical outcomes of bleeding complications and acute limb ischemia in STEMI and cardiogenic shock
Authors: Pahuja Mohit , Ranka Sagar , Chehab Omar , Mishra Tushar , Akintoye Emmanuel , Adegbala Oluwole , Yassin Ahmed S. , Ando Tomo , Thayer Katherine L. , Shah Palak , Kimmelstiel Carey D. , Salehi Payam , Kapur Navin K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBleeding complications and acute limb ischemia (ALI) are devastating vascular complications in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Cardiogenic shock (CS) can further increase this risk due to multiorgan failure. In the contemporary era, percutaneous mechanical circulatory support is commonly used for management of CS. We hypothesized that vascular complications may be an important determinant of clinical outcomes for CS due to STEMI (CS‐STEMI).ObjectiveWe evaluated 10‐year national trends, resource utilization and outcomes of bleeding complications, and ALI in CS‐STEMI.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of CS‐STEMI patients from a large U.S. national database (National Inpatient Sample) between 2005 and 2014. Events were then divided into four different groups: no MCS, with intra‐aortic balloon pump, percutaneous ventricular assist device includes Impella or Tandem Heart or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.ResultsBleeding complications and ALI were observed in 31,389 (18.2%) and 1,628 (0.9%) out of 172,491 admissions with CS‐STEMI, respectively. Between 2005 and 2014, overall trends increased for ALI; however, the number of bleeding events decreased. ALI was associated with increased in‐hospital mortality in comparison to those without any ALI. However, bleeding complications were not associated with increased in‐hospital mortality. Compared to patients without complications, both bleeding and ALI were associated with increased length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs.ConclusionsBleeding and ALI are common complications associated with CS‐STEMI in the contemporary era. Both complications are associated with increased hospital costs and LOS. These findings highlight the need to develop algorithms focused on vascular safety in CS‐STEMI.
Post‐dilatation trepidation: Post‐dil is “no big dil”
Authors: Clegg Stacey , Blankenship James C. 
Published: May 2020

Key Points
Selective stent post‐dilatation (PD) in a cohort of STEMI patients did not affect major adverse cardiac events but it did decrease device‐oriented composite events, a secondary composite end point of less clear significance.
This study suggests that selective stent PD in STEMI does not increase the incidence of acute no‐reflow or long‐term adverse clinical events.
In primary PCI for STEMI, if the stent appears under‐expanded, then PD, perhaps guided by intravascular imaging (which was not reported in this study), is reasonable.
Solvothermal Doping of Lanthanum on Nanoscale Platinum Surfaces to Improve Oxygen Electroreduction Performance
Authors: Kim Jeonghyeon , Kabiraz Mrinal Kanti , Lee Wonkyun , Hwang Gyo Hyun , Choi Sang‐Il 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlatinum (Pt) nanocatalysts, doped or alloyed with lanthanum (La), are promising candidates to promote the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics. However, owing to the very low standard reduction potential of La3+ (−2.38 V), most synthetic routes to reduce La are costly and complex. Therefore, the preparation of highly active bimetallic PtLa nanocatalysts by simple and low‐cost synthesis methods is a challenging task. This work offers a feasible synthesis procedure for doping Pt nanocrystals with La in a simple solvothermal method. Elemental mapping and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that metallic La is doped on the Pt catalyst surfaces. The La‐doped Pt nanocatalysts exhibit ORR mass activity of 0.49 A mgPt−1 at 0.9 V, which is 2.3 and 2.7 times compared to Pt nanocatalysts without La dopant and commercial Pt/C, respectively.
Colour fragmentation measurement in a historic area: Using Shanghai Old Town as an example
Authors: Wang Jiangbo , Wang Jun , Gou Aiping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnder the background of urban renewal protection and old city transformation, problems such as clutter, distortion, and disorder appear in the historical style area. These problems have greatly impacted and damaged the cultural heritage and historical research of the style area. To carry out the urban renewal movement more reasonably, this article selects the historical features of the Old Town of Shanghai for empirical research, uses the colour patch concept and fragmentation index for a quantitative analysis, and divides the study area fragmentation level. The study found that the number and types of colour patches in the Old Town are many, and the yellow system is highly fragmented in the Old Town, which means that the human environment in the colour style area is lost. The main reasons are the rise of modernist architecture and new materials. Three aspects are involved in the widespread use of policy and out‐of‐control management of the policy; therefore, attention should be paid to the updating of future historical style areas: protecting the authenticity of colours, maintaining colour integrity, and continually retaining colour memories in cities.
Imaging Flow Cytometry for Phylogenetic and MorphologicallyBased Functional Group Clustering of a Natural Phytoplankton Community over 1 Year in an Urban Pond
Authors: Dunker Susanne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPonds are an insufficiently studied research object but represent a biodiversity hotspot and have a high value for ecosystem services like recreation, water retention, or angling. Especially urban ponds create a direct contact for citizens experiencing nature. But on the other side, these systems also suffer from several pressures caused by humans, for example, high nutrient and salt influxes or high temperatures. Phytoplankton organisms are a crucial part of ponds ecosystem and an understanding of community composition is crucial especially when eutrophication and high temperatures lead to dominance of unpleasant toxic cyanobacteria. With traditional microscopic methods for phytoplankton analysis, monitoring is not feasible with high spatial resolution and frequency. Therefore, a new approach of imaging flow cytometry to classify phytoplankton species in either taxonomic or morphologically based functional groups (MBFGs) is suggested. In this study, both classifications could be successfully applied to a natural phytoplankton community in an urban pond in Leipzig with minor modifications. Both classifications in combination provide a good mechanistic understanding of phytoplankton community dynamics. In addition, a great advantage of the measurements is the archivability of microscopic images allowing a comprehensive respective data analysis. Two examples of detailed trait and image analysis are demonstrated to investigate single‐cell traits for cyanobacteria and chlorophytes/euglenophytes and to follow the fate of a cyanobacterial bloom affected by a fungal infection. © 2020 The Author. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Development of a new GC–MS/MS method for the determination of metformin in human hair
Authors: Arbouche Nadia , Batt Marie‐Odile , Raul Jean‐Sebastien , Kintz Pascal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is one of the most important public health challenges. Metformin (1,1‐dimethylbiguanide) represents the “gold standard” for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. Despite its important role in reducing mortality and morbidity in the diabetic population, metformin is associated with an increased risk of stroke. To document exposure to a drug, hair is considered to be the specimen of choice to complement blood and urine, since it provides historical detail of a subject's chronic exposure to drug(s). Measuring hair concentration of metformin can be important for forensic toxicologists investigating criminal poisoning or Munchausen's syndrome by proxy. In clinical toxicology, drug monitoring using hair to document metformin observance has not yet been described. To document the interest of hair analysis for metformin, the authors have developed and validated a method using a gas‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry system and applied it to authentic hair obtained from 9 diabetic patients under daily treatment. The validation procedure demonstrated a LOD an LOQ of 1 and 100 pg/mg, respectively and acceptable linearity, repeatability and reproducibility. The hair of the 9 patients tested positive in the low ng/mg range with concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 3.8 ng/mg. It seems obvious, in comparison with other drugs, that metformin is badly incorporated into hair, as the daily dosage varied from 1 to 3 g. Although limited in the number of subjects, the study allowed to postulate a possible correlation between daily dose and concentration in dark hair, while for light hair no correlation was found.
N:P stoichiometric changes via species turnover in arid versus saline desert environments
Authors: Gong Yan‐Ming , Ling Hong‐Bo , Chen Yue , Cao Jing , Guo Zhen‐Jie , Lv Guang‐Hui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aridity and salinity have a key role in driving physiological and ecological processes in desert ecosystems. However, how community‐scale foliar nutrients respond to aridity and salinity, and how these responses might vary with community composition along aridity and salinity gradients is unclear. We hypothesize that the response will be a shift in community stoichiometric values resulting from nutrient variability of shared species and unique species (site‐specific species), but little research has addressed the relative contribution of either component.

We analyzed the community‐scale stoichiometric response of a desert community of perennial plants along an aridity and salinity transect by focusing on foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentrations and N:P ratios. After evaluating the shared and unique species variability, we determined their relative contribution to the community stoichiometric response to aridity and salinity, reflected by changes in nonweighted and weighted community‐average values.

Community‐scale stoichiometry decreased significantly under aridity and salinity, with significantly consistent changes in nonweighted and weighted community‐average stoichiometry for most shared and unique species measurements. The relative contribution of unique species shifts to the changes in community stoichiometry was greater (15%–77%) than the relative contribution of shared species shifts (7%–45%), excluding the change in weighted P concentration under aridity. Thus, the shifts of unique species amplified the community stoichiometric response to environmental changes.

Synthesis. These results highlighted the need for a more in‐depth consideration of shared and unique species variability to understand and predict the effects of environmental change on the stoichiometry of plant communities. Although variation in community stoichiometry can be expected under extreme aridity and salinity conditions, changes of unique species could be a more important driver of the stoichiometric response of plant communities.