bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research protocol for a mixed-methods study to characterise and address the socioeconomic impact of accessing TB diagnosis and care in Nepal
Authors: Dixit Kritika , Rai Bhola , Prasad Aryal Tara , Mishra Gokul , Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha Noemia , Raj Paudel Puskar , Levy Jens W. , van Rest Job , Chandra Gurung Suman , Dhital Raghu , Biermann Olivia , Viney Kerri , Lonnroth Knut , Squire S Bertel , Caws Maxine , Wingfield Tom 
Published: February 2020

Background: WHO’s 2015 End TB Strategy advocates social and economic (socioeconomic) support for TB-affected households to improve TB control. However, evidence concerning socioeconomic support for TB-affected households remains limited, especially in low-income countries. Protocol: This mixed-methods study in Nepal will: evaluate the socioeconomic impact of accessing TB diagnosis and care (Project 1); and create a shortlist of feasible, locally-appropriate interventions to mitigate this impact (Project 2). The study will be conducted in the Chitwan, Mahottari, Makawanpur, and Dhanusha districts of Nepal, which have frequent TB and poverty. The study population will include: approximately 200 people with TB (Cases) starting TB treatment with Nepal’s National TB Program and 100 randomly-selected people without TB (Controls) in the same sites (Project 1); and approximately 40 key in-country stakeholders from Nepal including people with TB, community leaders, and TB healthcare professionals (Project 2). During Project 1, visits will be made to people with TB’s households during months 3 and 6 of TB treatment, and a single visit made to Control households. During visits, participants will be asked about: TB-related costs (if receiving treatment), food insecurity, stigma; TB-related knowledge; household poverty level; social capital; and quality of life. During Project 2, stakeholders will be invited to participate in: a survey and focus group discussion (FGD) to characterise socioeconomic impact, barriers and facilitators to accessing and engaging with TB care in Nepal; and a one-day workshop to review FGD findings and suggest interventions to mitigate the barriers identified. Ethics and dissemination: The study has received ethical approval. Results will be disseminated through scientific meetings, open access publications, and a national workshop in Nepal. Conclusions: This research will strengthen understanding of the socioeconomic impact of TB in Nepal and generate a shortlist of feasible and locally-appropriate socioeconomic interventions for TB-affected households for trial evaluation.
Lipase-producing ability of bacteria from inasua (fish fermented product) from Central Moluccas, Indonesia
Authors: Anggriani Latusi , SRI BUDIARTI  , NISA RACHMANIA MUBARIK  
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Anggriani L, Budiarti S, Mubarik NR. 2020. Lipase-producing ability of bacteria from inasua (fish fermented product) from Central Moluccas, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 622-628. One of fish preservation techniques through fermentation is Inasua which occurs spontaneously and involves various types of microorganisms. Isolates from Inasua are believed to have the ability to produce lipolytic enzymes. The purpose of this study was to identify potential bacterial isolates isolated from Inasua and to determine their lipase producing ability. The confirmation test of lipase-producing ability was conducted by inoculating the microbes into media containing Nutrient agar (NA), olive oil, and rhodamin-B. Lipolytic bacteria were detected using a screening method with UV light. From the results, there were 5 isolates of bacteria that showed lipolytic activity as IG 3.1, IG 6, IG 10, IG 12, IG 66. Lipase assay was determined using spectrophotometric method with p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) as a substrate and titration method with olive oil as a substrate. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pNPP as a substrate. IG 6 and IG 12 gave the highest activity from lipase assay. Growth and production curves were created before partial purification was carried out. The results of the curves showed that the optimum activity of IG 6 and IG 12 were in the stationary phase with value 38.16 U.mg-1 protein and 7.01 U.mg-1 protein, respectively. After ammonium sulfate precipitation, the activity of the lipase IG 6 and IG 12 were found to be 39.65 U.mL-1 and 37.05 U.mL-1, respectively. During optimization, the enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 8/70°C temperature. Molecular identification by using the 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates IG 6 and IG12 are closely related to Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus kochii, respectively.
Impact of nonlinear effects on transmission losses of hollow-core antiresonant negative curvature optical fiber
Authors: Wu Shouyue , Siwicki Bartlomiej , Carter Richard M. , Biancalana Fabio , Shephard Jonathan D. , Hand Duncan P. 
Published: February 2020

We investigate the impact of input pulse duration and peak power of a femtosecond laser on pulse broadening and propagation losses in selected hollow-core antiresonant fiber (HC-ARF). The mixed effects of strong self-phase modulation and relatively weak Raman scattering broaden the spectral width, which in turn causes a portion of the output spectrum to exceed the transmission band of the fiber, resulting in transmission losses. By designing and setting up a gas flow control system and a vacuum system, the nonlinear behavior of the fiber filled with different pressurized gases is investigated. The experimental results show that replacing the air molecules in the fiber core with argon can weaken pulse broadening and increase the transmittable peak power by 14 MW for a given 122 MW input, while a vacuum system can reduce the nonlinearity to a larger extent, therefore enhancing the transmission of HC-ARF by at least 26 MW.
Engaging, validating, imagining: A comic-based approach to (non)participation and empowerment
Authors: Madrid-Manrique Marta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article engages with art education and disability justice through a story narrated using comics. Lorena's Story is a short graphic narrative that explores the complexity of taking responsibility for (non)participation during a participatory animation workshop for children and young people with disabilities. The story inspires a reflective process that questions the model of empowerment present in participatory video literature, validates the diverse ways of being in the world with disabilities and inspires a different notion of empowerment. Within arts-based educational research methods, the comic story is a site of knowledge that aims to provide a sense of integrity, sincerity and authenticity.
Este artículo se compromete a establecer una conversación entre el área de educación artística y el reclamo de justicia social de los estudios de discapacidad a través del arte del cómic. La historia de Lorena es una narrativa breve que expresa la complejidad de tomar responsabilidad de la (no)participación durante un taller participativo de animación para niños, niñas y jóvenes con discapacidad. La historia inspira un proceso reflexivo que cuestiona el modelo de empoderamiento presente en la literatura de video participativo, valida diversas formas de ser en el mundo con discapacidad, e inspira una nueva noción de empoderamiento. Dentro de los métodos de investigación educativa basada en las artes, la historia del cómic es un espacio de conocimiento que se propone generar integridad, sinceridad y autenticidad.
Social interaction development in inclusive art rooms1,, 2
Authors: Gross Kelly M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of inclusive postmodern visual arts education for students with emotional disabilities (ED) in the area of social interaction development. This research focuses on the ability of students to build art skills and change social interaction skills through constructivist pedagogical approaches. Mixed-methods case studies were implemented over a period of two semesters with three students, three teachers and two high schools in the United States. Pedagogical approaches that emphasized student interaction and personal choice allowed students to effectively interact with peers and led to student engagement. The findings from this study indicate that over time the students in visual arts developed fluency and skills in artmaking, which led to confidence in their work and better peer relationships.
Firewater Monitor Trajectories Based on Jet Expansion and Dynamic Breakup Model
Authors: Shang Wenqian , Liu Xintian , Zhang Minghui , Qu Yang , Wang Yansong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to establish a model for predicting the jet trajectory of a firewater monitor. The jet trajectory is mainly affected by its own gravity and air resistance, and the magnitude of the air resistance changes with the cross-sectional area of the jet. The model is established by combining air resistance changes and breakup theory, and the factors affecting the location of jet trajectory are studied. The accuracy and reliability of the model is verified by comparative analysis of theoretical simulation data and experimental data. The error between the prediction and experimental data that can be maintained is about 10 % on average, which can meet the engineering application requirements. In addition, the shape of the jet and analyses of the causes of shape asymmetry are discussed.
Political economy of fair trade and development theory: implications in the Costa Rican coffee market (1990-2017)
Authors: Ugalde Hernandez Oscar 
Published: February 2020

Con respecto de sus fundamentos, las iniciativas del comercio justo experimentaron una metamorfosis entre la década de 1940 y finales de la década de 1980. A través de las escuelas de pensamiento icónicas de la dependencia y del "desarrollo del subdesarrollo", la evolución de la teoría del desarrollo ha formado los principios y supuestos del comercio justo. A pesar de que estas escuelas de pensamiento cuestionan los supuestos de los mercados neoliberales, su intención de cambiar el sistema de comercio mundial y su intercambio desigual fue el resultado de una aplicación limitada de las relaciones sociales de producción en lugar de las relaciones económicas de intercambio. Estos factores, además del papel declinante del Estado en el desarrollo a finales de la década de 1980, el colapso de la Unión Soviética, y la contrarrevolución neoliberal a inicios de la década de 1990, llevaron al movimiento del comercio justo a redireccionar su enfoque.
El resurgimiento de las fuerzas neoliberales a inicios de la década de 1990, llevó a la red del comercio justo (lo que quedó del movimiento originado en la década de 1940) a implementar estrategias amigables con la filosofía de mercado para posicionarse mejor dentro del mercado dominante internacionalmente. A pesar de que la revolución neoliberal llevó al renacimiento de la red de comercio justo, esto no significa que la red haya perdido su sentido original de precios justos e intercambio justo, o su lealtad a los países del Sur Global. Su nueva realidad es prometedora, pero su nueva “dependencia” en enfoques amigables con el mercado puede también moldear su raison d’être.
Representation of a one class function of two variables by bicontinued fractions
Authors: Pahirya M.M. 
Published: February 2020

Let function $u (z, w) = f (z) h (w)$ be defined on the compact set $\mathbf{K} \subset \mathbb{C}^2$. We study the problem of representation of functions of this class by the product of two continued fractions, which is called a bicontinued fraction. Some properties of Thiele reciprocal derivatives, Thiele continued fractions and regular C-fractions are proved. The possibility of representation of functions of this class by bicontinued fractions is shown. Examples are considered, domains of convergence and uniform convergence of obtained bicontinued fractions to the function are indicated.
On Turan-type inequalities for trigonometric polynomials of half-integer order
Authors: Polyakov O.V. 
Published: February 2020

Some exact inequalities of the Turan type are obtained in the paper for trigonometric polynomials $h(x)$ of half-interger order $n+\frac {1}{2}$, $n=1, 2, ...$, such that all $2n+1$ their zeros are real and located on a segment $[0;2\pi )$. Namely, the inequality that relates the norms in the space $C$ of the trigonometric polynomials $h(x)$ of half-integer order $n+\frac {1}{2}$, $n=1, 2, ...$, and its second derivative $h''(x)$, $\|h''\|_c\ge \frac {2n+1}{4}\|h\|_c$, that is the inequalities that connect the norms in the space $L_2$ of the trigonometric polynomials $h(x)$ of half-interger order $n+\frac {1}{2}$, $n=1, 2, ...$, and its first derivative $h'(x)$, that is $\|h'\|_{L_2}\ge \sqrt {\frac {2n+1}{8}}\|h\|_{L_2}$. The resulting inequalities cannot be improved. In proving the theorems, we use the method that was developed by V.F. Babenko and S.A. Pichugov for trigonometric polynomials, all of whose roots are real.
Estimating Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio from Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio: Development of Equations using Same-Day Measurements
Authors: Weaver Robert G. , James Matthew T. , Ravani Pietro , Weaver Colin G.W. , Lamb Edmund J. , Tonelli Marcello , Manns Braden J. , Quinn Robert R. , Jun Min , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. 
Published: February 2020

Significance Statement
The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) is the preferred metric for quantifying albuminuria, and it also has been incorporated into equations to predict risk of kidney failure. However, often only the protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR) is available. Previous studies have described the association between ACR and PCR, although none have provided a method to estimate ACR from PCR that accounts for the nonlinear association or the effect of covariates other than sex. The authors used same-sample urine ACR/PCR measurement pairs from a population-based cohort of 47,714 adults to derive equations to estimate ACR from PCR, taking into account nonlinearity and modification by several clinical characteristics. These equations may be useful in specific retrospective applications where an estimate of ACR is desired but only PCR is available.

Background
Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR) are used to measure urine protein. Recent guidelines endorse ACR use, and equations have been developed incorporating ACR to predict risk of kidney failure. For situations in which PCR only is available, having a method to estimate ACR from PCR as accurately as possible would be useful.

Methods
We used data from a population-based cohort of 47,714 adults in Alberta, Canada, who had simultaneous assessments of urine ACR and PCR. After log-transforming ACR and PCR, we used cubic splines and quantile regression to estimate the median ACR from a PCR, allowing for modification by specified covariates. On the basis of the cubic splines, we created models using linear splines to develop equations to estimate ACR from PCR. In a subcohort with eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, we then used the kidney failure risk equation to compare kidney failure risk using measured ACR as well as estimated ACR that had been derived from PCR.

Results
We found a nonlinear association between log(ACR) and log(PCR), with the implied albumin-to-protein ratio increasing from <30% in normal to mild proteinuria to about 70% in severe proteinuria, and with wider prediction intervals at lower levels. Sex was the most important modifier of the relationship between ACR and PCR, with men generally having a higher albumin-to-protein ratio. Estimates of kidney failure risk were similar using measured ACR and ACR estimated from PCR.

Conclusions
We developed equations to estimate the median ACR from a PCR, optionally including specified covariates. These equations may prove useful in certain retrospective clinical or research applications where only PCR is available.
Die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk en die Afrikanervolk kerkordelik verwoord
Authors: Strauss Piet 
Published: February 2020

The Dutch Reformed Church and the Afrikaner – in its church orderThe Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) and the Afrikaner people had close ties in the 1960’s. This was intensified by the apartheid system in South Africa. The policy of apartheid was supported by the DRC, most of the Afrikaners and the National Party in government. In 1962 the DRC determined in its church order that it will protect and build the Christian-Protestant character of the Afrikaner people. This group was singled out by a church that was to be for believers of all nations. It also gave the DRC an active part in the development of this group. The documents Church and Society-1986 and Church and Society-1990 changed all this. The close links between the DRC and Afrikaans cultural institutions ended and the DRC declared that it caters to any believer. The church order article about the Afrikaner was omitted.
Beware the Evil Eye: The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World. Postbiblical Israel and Early Christianity through Late Antiquity. Volume 4
Authors: Waetjen Herman C 
Published: February 2020

Beware the Evil Eye: The Evil Eye in the Bible and the Ancient World. Postbiblical Israel and Early Christianity through Late Antiquity. Volume 4 by Elliot, John H
2017, Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books.
Frequency Limit for the Pressure Compliance Correction of Ocean-Bottom Seismic Data
Authors: An Chao , Shawn Wei S. , Cai Chen , Yue Han 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVertical records of ocean-bottom seismographs (OBSs) are usually noisy at low frequencies, and one important noise source is the varying ocean-bottom pressure that results from ocean-surface water waves. The relation between the ocean-bottom pressure and the vertical seafloor motion, called the compliance pressure transfer function (PTF), can be derived using background seismic data. During an earthquake, earthquake signals also generate ocean-bottom pressure fluctuations, and the relation between the ocean-bottom pressure and the vertical seafloor motion is named the seismic PTF in this article. Conventionally, we use the whole pressure records and the compliance PTF to remove the compliance noise; the earthquake-induced pressure and the seismic PTF are ignored, which may distort the original signals. In this article, we analyze the data from 24 OBSs with water depth ranging from 107 to 4462 m. We find that for most stations, the investigated frequency range (0.01–0.2 Hz) can be divided into four bands depending on the water depth. In band (I) of lowest frequencies (&lt;0.11, &lt;0.05, and &lt;0.02  Hz for water depth of 107, 1109, and 2650 m, respectively), the vertical seafloor acceleration is composed mostly of pressure compliance noise, which can be removed using the compliance PTF. The compliance PTF is much smaller than the seismic PTF, so distortion of earthquake signals is negligible. In band (II) of higher frequencies (0.11–0.20, 0.05–0.11, and 0.02–0.05 Hz for water depth of 107, 1109, and 2650 m, respectively), the vertical acceleration and ocean-bottom pressure are largely uncorrelated. In bands (III) and (IV) of even higher frequencies (&gt;0.11 and &gt;0.08  Hz for water depth of 1109 and 2650 m, respectively), the compliance noise is negligible, and the ocean-bottom pressure is mostly caused by the seafloor motion. Thus, the compliance can be safely ignored in frequency band (I).
Legal Barriers in the System of University Inclusive Education
Authors: Balashov A. E. , Krasnova E. A. , Khristoforova L. V. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction. The introduction of inclusive education into the practice of university education is a complicated and multi-aspect process accompanied by a complex of problems, including the problems of a legal nature. The solution of these problems is one of key tasks faced by the education system of Russia.The aim of the present research is to reveal and describe normative and legal barriers in the system of inclusive higher education, withdrawing the equal rights for education for all students regardless of their physical status and health.Methodology and research methods. The methods involve the analysis of legal and regulatory acts, regulating the orders and conditions of inclusive education at higher school. Russian and foreign literature on different aspects of inclusive education in higher school was reviewed, generalised and sistematised. The modelling method was employed.Results. On the basis of the existing legal norms, the reflection of the analysed materials made it possible to model the system of interaction between the participants of inclusive educational process – people with disabilities (HIA) and educational organisations. The constructed “theoretical” model allowed the authors to diagnose inclusion in higher education and to identify weaknesses in the provisions, which regulate the education of people with disabilities. Certain contradictions were found in the legal field of relations between these categories of students and educational institutions. The attention is drawn to the fact that in today’s Russia the system of spesialised support for universities and for students with special needs is being formed, including resource training centres. However, these structures need to determine their place and status in the field of educational rights.Scientific novelty. The authors firstly formulate the legal barriers, impeding the continuity of psychological medico-pedagogical support for students with disabilities. The conclusion is reached concerning the signs of discrimination in the rights of students with special educational needs and the urgent need for improved higher inclusive education, including the optimisation at the level of legislative regulation.Practical significance. The authors believe that introduction of changes into normative regulations with the purpose to provide equal rights and opportunities for receiving education by all citizens will contribute to more dynamic and orderly development of university inclusion in Russia and will help people with health disabilities to become full members of society.
Krótki traktat o szkodliwości języka specjalistycznego w badaniach literackich
Authors: Wąs Maciej 
Published: February 2020

Celem artykułu jest wykazanie szkodliwości przesadnego przywiązania do języka specjalistycznego w badaniach literackich. We wstępie zostaje zarysowany kontekst postawienia tezy. W następnej części przeprowadzona zostaje zwięzła prezentacja obecnej sytuacji studiów literaturoznawczych, to znaczy ich językowego „przespecjalizowania”. Dalej następuje krótki szkic historyczny, mający za zadanie unaocznić specyfikę i naturę tego, co nazywamy tutaj klasycznym modelem wypowiedzi naukowej, szkic obejmujący ramy czasowe od greckiej starożytności do czasów współczesnych i w sposób szczególny poświęcony uwydatnieniu roli, jaką w owym „klasycznym” dyskursie odgrywał i odgrywa język potoczny, żywy, „naturalny”. Wreszcie — próba sformułowania trzech argumentów uzasadniających wyższość modelu „klasycznego” nad „współczesnym” w badaniach literackich. Pracę wieńczą krótkie wnioski, w których próbuje się wykazać potencjalne korzyści praktyczne płynące z przyjęcia proponowanego w pracy stanowiska.