bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Failure Analyses and Material Characterizations of a Damaged Booster Pump
Authors: Shoushtari A.A. , Ranjbar K. , Mousavi S.M. , Yancheshmeh D.A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Material samples collected from failed booster pumps were analyzed to determine the cause of failure and assess the adequacy of the materials used in the design. The pumps had been in service at a power plant, transporting feedwater from a deaerator to a main turbine boiler. Samples from critical areas of the pump were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical analysis, and tensile testing. Based on microstructure and morphology, estimated corrosion rates, and particle concentrations in the feedwater, it was concluded that cavitation and erosion were the dominant failure mechanisms and that the materials and processes used to make the pumps were largely unsuited for the application.
Failure Analysis and Mechanical Performance Evaluation of a Cast Aluminum Hybrid-Iron Golf Club Hosel
Authors: Walton Christopher A. , Nesbit Benjamin E. , Candia Henrique M. , Myers Zachary A. , Whittington Wilburn R. , Stone Tonya W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A commercial hybrid-iron golf club fractured during normal use. The club fractured through its cast aluminum alloy hosel. Optical analysis revealed casting pores through 20% of the hosel thickness. Mechanical properties were determined from characterization results, then used to construct a finite element model to analyze material performance under failure conditions. In addition, a full scale structural test was conducted to determine failure strength. It was concluded that the club failed not from ground impact but from a force reversal at the bottom of the downswing. Large moments generated during the downswing aggravated by manufacturing defects and stress concentration combined to create an overload condition.
Failure Analysis of High-Speed Pinion Gear Shaft
Authors: Muhammad W. , Ejaz N. , Rizvi S.A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A high-speed pinion gear shaft, part of a system that compresses natural gas, was analyzed to determine why it failed. An abnormal wear pattern was observed on the shaft surface beneath the inner race of the support bearings. Material from the shaft had transferred to the bearing races, creating an imbalance (enough to cause noise and fumes) that operators noted two days before the failure. Macrofeatures of the fracture surface resembled those of fatigue, but electron microscopy revealed brittle, mostly intergranular fracture. Classic fatigue features such as striations were not found. To resolve the discrepancy, investigators created and tested uniaxial fatigue samples, and the microfeatures were nearly identical to those found on the failed shaft. The root cause of failure was determined to be fatigue, and it was concluded that cracks on the pinion shaft beneath the bearings led to the transfer of material.
Surgical Tool Failure Analyses
Authors: Guyer Eric P. , James Brad A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Several surgical tool failures were analyzed to understand why they occur and how to prevent them. The study included drills, catheters, and needles subjected to the rigors of biomedical applications such as corrosive environments, high stresses, sterilization, and improper cleaning procedures. Given the extreme conditions to which surgical tools can be exposed, and the potential for misuse, failures are inevitable and systematic methods for analyzing them are necessary to keep them in check.
Failures of Structures and Components by Metal-Induced Embrittlement
Authors: Lynch S.P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Several cases of embrittlement failure are analyzed, including liquid-metal embrittlement (LME) of an aluminum alloy pipe in a natural gas plant, solid metal-induced embrittlement (SMIE) of a brass valve in an aircraft engine oil cooler, LME of a cadmium-plated steel screw from a crashed helicopter, and LME of a steel gear by a copper alloy from an overheated bearing. The case histories illustrate how LME and SMIE failures can be diagnosed and distinguished from other failure modes, and shed light on the underlying causes of failure and how they might be prevented. The application of LME as a failure analysis tool is also discussed.
Metallurgical Failure Analysis of a Propane Tank Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE)
Authors: Susan D. F. , Eckelmeyer K.H. , Kilgo A.C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A fire in a storage yard engulfed several propane delivery trucks, causing one of them to explode. A series of elevated-temperature stress-rupture tears developed along the top of the truck-mounted tank as it was heated by the fire. Unstable fracture then occurred suddenly along the length of the tank and around both end caps, following the girth welds that connect them to the center portion of the tank. The remaining contents of the tank were suddenly released, aerosolized, and combusted, creating a powerful boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE). Based on the metallography of the tank pieces, the approximate tank temperature at the onset of explosion was determined. Metallurgical analysis provided additional insights as well as a framework for making tanks less susceptible to this destructive failure mechanism.
Failure Analysis of Steady Clamps Used in Electrified Railway
Authors: Chu Qiaoling , Zhang Min , Chen Yinni 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two clamps that support overhead power lines in an electrified rail system fractured within six months of being installed. The clamps are made of CuNiSi alloy, a type of precipitation-strengthening nickel-silicon bronze. To identify the root cause of failure, the rail operator led an investigation that included fractographic and microstructural analysis, hardness testing, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and finite-element analysis. The fracture was shown to be brittle in nature and covered with oxide flakes, but no other flaws relevant to the failure were observed. The investigation results suggest that the root cause of failure was a forging lap that occurred during manufacturing. Precracks induced by the forging defect and the influence of preload stress (due to bolt torque) caused the premature failure.
Fracture and Wear Failure of a Locomotive Turbocharger-Bearing Sleeve
Authors: Xu Xiaolei , Yu Zhiwei , Chen Yuzhen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An investigation was conducted to determine what caused a bearing sleeve in a locomotive turbocharger to fail. The sleeve, which is made of nitrided 38CrMoAl steel, fractured at the transition fillet between the cylinder and plate. Visual examination revealed significant wear on the external surface of the cylinder, with multiple origin fatigue fracture appearing to be the dominant fracture mechanism. Metallurgical examination indicated that the nitrided layer was not as deep as it was supposed to be and had worn away on the outer surface of the sleeve, exposing the soft matrix underneath. This led to further wear and an increase in friction between the sleeve and bearing bush. Fatigue crack initiation occurred at the root fillet because of stress concentration and large frictional forces. Insufficient nitriding depth facilitated the propagation of fatigue cracks.
Failure Analysis of a Misaligned and Unbalanced Flexible Rotor
Authors: Hili M.A. , Fakhfakh T. , Haddar M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Shaft misalignment and rotor unbalance contribute to the premature failure of many machine components. To understand how these failures occur and quantify the effects, investigators developed a model of a rotating assembly, including a motor, flexible coupling, driveshaft, and bearings. Equations of motion accounting for misalignment and unbalance were then derived using finite elements. A spectral method for resolving these equations was also developed, making it possible to obtain and analyze dynamic system response and identify misalignment and unbalance conditions.
THE INFLUENCE OF EDUCATIONAL ROBOTECHNICAL CONSTRUCTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ COGNITIVE ACTIVITY
Authors:   Східноєвропейський національний університет імені Лесі Українки, BONDARUK V. 
Published: January 2020

Over the past few years, growing toys are becoming increasingly popular. A special place among them began to occupy the children's training sets of designers, and in connection with the development of electronic computing equipment began to appear sets of training designers robotics. These designers are intended to develop not only the design abilities of children, but also the basics of algorithmic thinking, because they provide the possibility of programming children created structures. This, in turn, makes it possible to use them in school lessons in physics, mathematics and computer science. To date, the largest amount of methodical materials provided by the designers of the company LEGO. Formulating the problem. Therefore, it is worth noting the importance of developing methods for using educational designers in school lessons. In scientific publications, you can find many materials that address the importance of the development of small motility in children and its impact on mental development. However, there are almost no studies concerning the influence of educational constructors on the development of fine motor skills, mathematical thinking and design abilities. Materials and methods. The study of the influence of educational constructors on cognitive activity of students is based on empirical methods: collection of scientific facts – analysis of scientific and methodological literature, textbooks and teaching aids; studying the results of pedagogical research. Results. According to the results of the analysis of scientific publications and methodical materials, the use of educational designers in preschool and elementary school helps to increase interest in education in general, and in the primary school increases interest in the study of physics, computer science and mathematics. Conclusions. Today, the study of the influence of educational designers on the formation of physical and technical knowledge of students is most developed in the methodological materials supplied with sets LEGO. However, these methods are not well suited for the introduction into the educational program of physics, mathematics and computer science in Ukrainian schools. Within the framework of the joint project, the LEGO Foundation and the Ministries of Education are beginning to develop new methods for the implementation of educational designers in the educational process, but they are limited to elementary and pre-school education.	Key words: educational robotics, educational constructors, LEGO Education, cognitive activity, educational experiment.
Revelation of Immune Memory at the First Stage of Antigen-Specific Cell Response after Second Introduction of the Live Plague Vaccine
Authors: Karalnik B. V. , Deryabin P. N. , Denisova T. G. , Ponomareva T. S. , Zunussova G. B. , Zakaryan S. B. , Muchamedyarova R. B. 
Published: January 2020

Background. The study of immune memory is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of immunization against infection, including plague and to make a choice of vaccination scheme.Goals. The goal is to study the possible role of immune memory in the early stage of the antigen-specific response – the formation of cells with receptors for capsular (F1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens of plague live EV vaccine.Methodology. Volunteers vaccinated with live plague vaccine EV for the first time (6 persons – group 1) and again (6 persons – group 2) were examined. In the mononuclear fraction of the blood of volunteers the cells binding antigens F1 and LPS Y. pestis (CBA) were determined.Results. In the volunteers group 2, the content of CBA at 2 days after vaccination was higher than in group 1. Between the 5th day and the end of the CBA detection, their content in group 2 decreased, and in group 1, it increased, but remained significantly less than in group 2 two days after immunization.Сonclusions. It is shown that the previous vaccination accelerates the first stage of the antigen-specific human response to second vaccination against plague. This reflects the role of immune memory in the formation of this stage of the immune response at vaccination against plague.
Experience of the Varicella Vaccine Introduction into Regional Vaccination Shedule of the Russian Federation
Authors: Baryshev M. A. , Chernyavskaya O. P. , Saltykova T. S. 
Published: January 2020

Subject.Varicella continues to be a common childhood infection, but thereof danger is underestimated in our country and around the world. About 800 thousand people get sick every year in the Russian Federation, half of whom are children 3–6 years old. In addition, for economic damage from infectious and parasitic diseases, varicella in the Russian Federation occupies 2–3 place for eleven years.Objectives.To substantiate the need to introduce varicella vaccine into the National immunization schedule of the Russian Federation based on the experience of introducing vaccination into regional schedules.Materials and Methods.The descriptive epidemiological method was used – a retrospective epidemiological analysis. Materials for the study were: Form № 2 «Information about infectious and parasitic diseases» for 2007–2017; State reports «On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Russian Federation» for 2016, 2017; scientific publications on the studied issue in Russian and English. The program «Microsoft Excel» was used to process the research data. Results. In regions in which varicella vaccination is introduced into regional immunization schedules, the incidence of infection tends to decrease at least to 3,1%, in contrast to regions where it is not introduced and there the incidence is increasing every year to 2,8%. The experience of using mass vaccination in other countries has shown its effectiveness, what is observed by decrease the incidence to a sporadic level.Discussion.The incidence of varicella in 2017 by region of the Russian Federation, where vaccination is included into regional immunization schedule, is 75% lower than the national average. Analysis of varicella vaccination introduction experience in other countries clearly shows that this method of combating varicella can significantly reduce the incidence, as well as reduce economic damage (US – 0.9 billion dollars, Japan – 36.2 billion yen).Conclusion.The vaccine prophylaxis of varicella clearly shows that this method of combating this infection can significantly reduce the incidence and at times reduce the economic damage from infection. With this in mind, the need to consider the inclusion of varicella vaccination in the Russian Federation National Schedule of Vaccinations.
Characteristics of Morbidity of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Vaccinated
Authors: Pogodina V. V. , Scherbinina M. S. , Kolyasnikova N. M. , Gerasimov S. G. , Slezkina T. V. , Sanchez-Pimentel J. P. , Ishmuhametov A. A. 
Published: January 2020

Relevance.Vaccination against the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), during the mass immunization, by using modern vaccines provides high epidemiological effect (98–99%); however, there are known cases of incidents among vaccinated population. The problem of incidents among vaccinated population is insufficiently studied, likewise a reliability of the diagnostic, vaccination conditions and causes of vaccinated people’s morbidity.Purpose of the article generalizationof the information about morbidity among the vaccinated population.Conclusions.The review for the first time provides information about the main issues of this problem: the frequency of illness of vaccinated people in Russia (by federal districts and individual regions), disease development conditions, tied up with vaccination regimens and types of vaccines, clinical features and diagnosis of the disease of vaccinated people. Particular attention is paid to the state of post-vaccination immunity. The significance of two phenomena is being studied: incomplete neutralization of the virus, which leads to the formation of a fraction of a free infectious virus; and the phenomenon of the hyperimmunization with the development of immunological tolerance.
PERAN KADER DALAM PEMANFAATAN APOTEK HIDUP DI DESA KARRANG KECAMATAN CENDANA KABUPATEN ENREKANG
Authors: Sukma  , Ramlan  , Makhrajani Majid  
Published: January 2020

Apotek hidup merupakan suatu tempat yang berisikan berbagai tanaman obat yang ditanam di dalamnya yang bermanfaat untuk keperluan sehari-hari dan pengobatan. Disebut tanaman obat karena tanaman ini mengandung berbagai manfaat khasiat yang berguna bagi pengobatan suatu penyakit. Peran kesehatan dalam hal ini merupakan salah satu faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi perubahan perilaku masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan apotek hidup. Pemanfaatan pekarangan rumah dengan hijauan tanaman dalam bentuk taman merupakan prinsip hidup yang telah membudaya bagi masyarakat untuk kembali ke alam (back to nature). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran kader dalam pemanfaatan apotek hidup berdasakan sikap dan tindakan di Desa Karrang Kecamatan Cendana Kabupaten Enrekang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif survey dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Nonprobability yaitu sempel jenuh atau sering disebut total sampling sehingga dalam penelitian ini populasi sebagai sampel. Metode ini merupakan suatu metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan tujuan utama untuk membuat gambaran atau diskripsi tentang suatu keadaan secara objektif. Sasaran penelitian yaitu kader kesehatan sebanyak 15 orang di Desa Karrang Kecamatan Cendana Kabupaten Enrekang. Adapun waktu penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Juli sampai Agustus 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran yang baik oleh kader kesehatan dalam pemanfaatan pekarangan untuk penanaman tanaman obat yang terlihat dalam sikap dan tindakan kader dengan 100% baik. Sebaiknya, tanaman apotek hidup lebih dilestarikan, agar anak cucu kita merasakan nikmatnya obat-obat. Rawatlah apotek hidup yang tumbuh di sekitar kita, bersihkan dari gangguan hama ataupun tumbuhan lain yang merugikan. Karena, apotek hidup adalah salah satu jenis tanaman obat, maka gunakanlah sesuai penyakit yang diderita
Atributos físicos de latossolo vermelho distroférrico cultivado com cana-de-açúcar em função do preparo e local de amostragem
Authors: Arcoverde Sálvio Napoleão Soares , Souza Cristiano Márcio Alves de , Santos Weslley Rodrigues , Nagahama Hideo de Jesus , Suaréz Andrés Hideki Tanaka , Maciak Paulo Alexandre Graciano 
Published: January 2020

O estabelecimento de manejos conservacionistas do solo traz benefícios em sistemas de produção de culturas anuais, mas para a cana-de-açúcar são incipientes as informações sobre tais efeitos na qualidade de solos. Objetivou-se avaliar os sistemas de preparo reduzido e plantio direto, bem como o local de amostragem nos atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico cultivado com cana-planta. O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), onde a área experimental foi dividida em duas subáreas, compostas pelo plantio direto e preparo reduzido. Em cada preparo foram plantadas oito cultivares de cana-de-açúcar em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Nas unidades experimentais, coletaram-se amostras de solo com estrutura preservada na linha e na entrelinha do rodado do trator para avaliação da densidade do solo; macroporosidade; microporosidade; porosidade total; umidade gravimétrica do solo e resistência à penetração no anel com penetrômetro de bancada (RP anel), nas camadas de 0,00-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m. Além das referidas posições de amostragem, considerou-se também a da linha de cana para avaliar a resistência mecânica do solo à penetração (RP) com penetrômetro de campo, determinando-se a RP média e máxima, nas camadas de 0,00-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,30; 0,30-0,40 m. O preparo reduzido aumentou a macroporosidade na camada superficial. Não houve efeito do preparo para porosidade total e microporosidade. Na camada (0,00-0,40 m) ocorreu redução da RP média e máxima, do rodado, seguida do entrerrodado e linha de plantio, respectivamente; além de maiores valores destes atributos na camada (0,20-0,40 m) da linha de plantio.
What is the effect of Organizational Justice and Perceived Organizational and Supervisor Support on Employee’s Level of Trust?
Authors: Arif Sadia , Kundi Ozair , Khan Muhammad Suleman 
Published: January 2020

Aim - Past studies support the importance of organizational justice and its impact on employees' work attitudes. There are many factors that affect the employees’ work attitude but their perceptions about organizational justice and support are significant factors. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between Organizational justice and trust but there is a lack of research to measure the mediating role of perceived support. This study examines the role of perceived support as a mediator between organizational justice and trust.
Methodology - The sample of the study is 170 faculty members of public and private sector universities of Pakistan. A cross-sectional design with a standardized questionnaire is used.
Findings - Results indicate that distributive, procedural and interactional justice is direct antecedents of organizational and supervisory trust with the demonstration perceived organizational support as a partial mediator between procedural justice and organizational trust. Distributive justice is related to organizational trust both directly and indirectly through perceived organizational support and supervisory trust. Finally, interactional justice is a direct and indirect predictor of supervisory trust through perceived supervisor support.
Evaluation of vitamin D levels and body mass indexes of university employees
Authors: MAVİŞ Murat Emrah , YILDIRIMMAVİŞ Çiğdem , ARANCIOĞLU İrem ÖZAY , YILMAZ Hatice Kübra , ERGÜDEN Berrak , HATEMİ Hasan Hüsrev 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Vitamin D is known to have important effects on human health. The existence of a relationship between obesity and vitamin D levels, which have been shown to cause a number of health problems with various studies, is certain. In this study, the relationship between vitamin D levels and body mass indexes(BMI) of individuals was evaluated. The study is unique for being the only research on literature that carried out with university employees.
Materials and methods: Blood samples, anthropometric measurement (BMI) was obtained from 87 volunteer working at Haliç University. The questionnaire form covering the basic questions applied by means of face-to-face method. Quantification of the analytes for 25-hydroxyvitamin-D was carried out using LC-MS/MS. The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin-D values and BMI was evaluated with Tukey HSD multiple comparison test. 95% confidence and 80% power sampling were applied to the predictions of a minimum0.50 connection coefficient between 2 quantitative variables.The necessity of 30 cases was determined by using the N = [(Zα+Zβ)/C]2 + 3formula.Considering the losses, the work will be carried out over 80 people.
Results and Discussion: There’s significant difference between 25-hydroxyvitamin-D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 and the BMI levels of the subjects(p:0.028<0.05-p:0.000<0.05). The average 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin-D2 levels of overweight participants were significantly higher than the mean levels of underweight participants’. No significant relationship was found between 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin-D2 levels and the time spent outdoors during summer and winter.
Conclusion: To prevent vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is to obtain some sensible sun exposure, ingest foods that contain vitamin D, and take supplement.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(2) 2020 p.229-236