bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM TO AVOID FOULING IN PIPES WITH BLOW DOWN HEAT RECOVERY IN STEAM BOILERS
Authors: Ibrahim Raheek I. , Humod Abdulrahim T. , Essa Najat A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aim of the present work is to solve the problem of fouling in boiler pipes and improve energy efficiency of steam boilers in the south refineries company, Al-Basrah province, Iraq. An automatic control system with a novel electronic circuit has been proposed to achieve this aim. This system consists of an on-line conductivity sensor and a conductivity monitor connected to an additional resistance to measure the concentrations of dissolved solids in boiler water. A square wave feedback has been employed to determine the levels of solid concentrations and controls the surface blow down process through electronic circuit. This circuit consists of a D.C power supply, an amplifier, a rectifier, comparators and a driver sub-circuits for solenoid valve. The driver sub-circuit consists of two transistors and three relays. The solenoid valve is used with throttle valve to control the flow rate of boiler blow down water. Two flow meters are used to measure blow down and feed water flow rates. The design and implementation of a heat recovery unit is also included. It consists of a heat exchanger (shell and coiled tube) type used to recover heat energy from blow down water. To measure the inlet and outlet temperatures of feed water and blow down water, four (k-type) thermocouples were used. A pump was used to pump feed water from the storage tank in to the boiler. To automatically control water level inside the boiler two electrodes (water level sensor) were used integrated with the float less level switch circuit. The experimental results proved the effectiveness of the innovative control system in improving boiler efficiency and in fouling control through enhancing the blow down process and reducing indirect losses. The blow down quantity reduced from 2244.897 kg/h to 1111.111 kg/h. Which provided 27210.864 kg/day of blow down water. Hence, saved 158450201.2 ID/year or 83.16% of the energy lost with blow-down water can be recovered using heat-recovery unit with an energy saving of 103411.8 MJ/day. Which will save a mass of fuel equals to 482.46 ton/year. The automatic control system proved to be a good solution for saving energy and reducing harmful emissions to the environment and it contributes to the maintenance of sewage pipes from damage caused by the heat of discharged water.
A Hardware Implementation of Neuro-PMD Model classifier based FPGA
Authors: Ali Wisam H. , Jaafar Ismail Sammar , Jaafar Ismail Reem 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A classifier (polarization mode dispersion) has been introduced in this article. The suggested NeuroPMD classifier uses various types of fiber optics, and it’s deviation effect properties to handle light transmission using Polarization Mode Desperation (PMD). The suggested classifier receives an unspecified signal with many percentage points, classifies it base on stored signals and shows the reliability of the received signal. The proposed system is built using VHDL, modeled by the Xilinx package (ISE 9.2i), the proposed NeuroPMD is implemented on the Spartan-3A XC3S700A kit. simulation and Implementation behavioral results demonstrate that the proposed model satisfies the specified operational requirements and gives solutions to overcome the scattering problems in the optical systems.
Obstacle Avoidance Method for Highly Redundant Robotic Arms
Authors: Hameed Firas S. , Alwan Hassan M. , Ateia Qasim A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Obstacle avoidance is an important concept to be considered when a robotic system is installed in an environment. Obstacles within the working space of a robotic system can prevent the robot from performing the tasks assigned to it properly; hence, the designer of the robotic system must program the robot to follow an emergency strategy that enables it to avoid any contact with a probable obstacle anywhere anytime within the working space of the robot. For mobile robots this task is relatively easier to accomplish since this type of robots have the flexibility to change their routes and take alternatives that are free of obstacles. For fixed robotic arm manipulators the situation is much more complex. In this paper we are only concerned with obstacle avoidance techniques and present a real-time obstacle avoidance method for fixed robotic arms that combines the benefits of both global and local techniques in that it can be used for both static and dynamic environments with a reduced computational effort.
Design and implementation of a single-side flat synchronous linear motor model
Authors: Ahmed Raghda’a , Mahel Mohammed Farag , Abdul-Kareem Mohammed Jamal 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In recent decades, the demand for a linear motor has increased in various applications, due to its ability to develop a linear motion directly. One of the significant problems facing the operation of the linear motor is the presence of force ripple caused by the irregular magnetic field of the permanent magnets. Accordingly, a developed single-side permanent magnet synchronous flat linear motor (PMSLM) model has been designed based on minimizing its force ripple produced. A Maxwell ANSYS simulation is performed to study and enhance the dynamic characteristics and performance of the model and then verifying it with experimental measurements. Multi-objective optimization had been achieved through reducing the size of permanent magnets and reaction rail at specific rates with maintaining the required thrust and reducing the cogging force. The results of the improved model design showed that the maximum value of the force ripple is reduced by about 81.13% compared with the primary model at a smaller ripple coefficient of 0.22%. The comparison between the experimental measurements and numerical analysis showed a good agreement and accuracy of the analytical results.
Adaptive Control Using NARMA-L2 Model and Electric Circuit for Condenser of Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Salim Anead Hosham , Faisal Sultan Khalid , Jawad Raheel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Design and implantation electric circuit for enhancement performance of steam power plant and artificial neural networks technique used to control of condenser. Artificial neural network has been applied to control of the important variables of condenser in Al–Dura power plant in Baghdad such as pressure, temperature. in this study, applied Simulink model in Matlab program (v 2014 a) by using artificial neural network toolbox. the model of condenser of neural network by using NARMA to generated data and train network and using back propagation algorithm for training neural network. The method of control by ANN is off line. the electric circuit of pressure sensor and temperature sensor consist of transformer, dc bridge and voltage regulator. Experimental data of actual power plant obtained from al-dura power plant. comparing results of modelling neural network and electric circuit with experimental data of actual power plant. the results shown the maximum deviation between the ANN and electric circuit with experimental data is less than 4%. artificial neural network can be used in many industrial and engineering application.
The hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal double-pass solar system for drying applications
Authors: Jadallah Abdullatif A. , Alsaadi Mohammed K. , Hussien Saifalddeen A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, is devoted to evaluating the performance of the double-pass hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) solar system proposed for drying purposes theoretically and experimentally as well as the system is designed, fabricate and modeled in order to simulate the productivity of this system. The hot air extracted from the PVT collector can be used as a heat source for the drying application. The critical parameter such as temperature distribution, useful heat gain, electrical power, and thermal efficiency are computed using MATLAB 2015b program built for this purpose. Results show that the higher output fluid temperature was 63°C at a lesser mass flow rate which 0.017 kg/s and the maximum efficiencies of electrical, thermal and overall at a higher mass flow rate which reached 12.65%, 56.73%, and 85% respectively at mass flow rate 0.031 kg/s. In addition, the optimum electrical power and thermal energy reached 50.57 W and 389.37 W at 0.031 kg/s.
Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) Collector Performance Evaluation as Electricity Generation and Hot Air Supplier For Partially Covered with PV Modules
Authors: Mohammed Jalil Jalal , Abdulqader Hussein Ahmed , Jabbar Faisal Anwar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study experienced the performance of air biased PV/T collector partially covered with glass at various values of irradiance (400, 600, 800, 1000) W/m
2 and constant ambient temperature. A three various configurations have been demonstrated in this work, case A (glass at inlet portion), case B (glass at mid portion) and case C (glass at outlet portion). The investigation has been performed in term of outlet air temperature and electrical power. A numerical model was developed via using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) program. 3D steady state, turbulent forced convection model is utilized to solve Navier Stokes and energy equations of air flowing inside the duct. The results compared with the experimental measurements that carried out from indoor conditions using solar simulator, a strong agreement has been achieved between experimental and numerical outcomes. It has been observed that case C ( glass at outlet portion) is more favorable in electrical and thermal gain, which generates 44.3°C hot air and 26.6 W electric power, while the maximum outlet air temperature and electric power reach 39 °C, 25.4 W and 43 °C, 21.05 W for configurations A and B respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of PV/T system concluded that the PV/T system should be operate at moderate air flowrate (0.013 kg/s) which is the specific or optimum flowrate.
Impacts of non-homogeneous nanofluid approach and orientation angle on convection heat transfer within a 3D wavy cavity
Authors: Alsabery Ammar I. , Ayaal Adel H. , Hashim Ishak 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Steady laminar natural convection and heat transfer inside a tilted 3D wavy cavity filled by water-Al2O3 nanofluid does examined numerically by applying the finite element technique. An isothermal curved heater is located at the right surface of the chamber while the left surface remains in a steady cold temperature. The top and bottom horizontal surfaces (top and bottom) are held adiabatic. The governing equations are formulated in the non-dimensional model using the two-component non-homogeneous equilibrium model through transporting phenomena in nanofluids connecting among the influences of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis. The results of the dimensionless buoyancy-driven parameter, inclination angle, nanoparticle volume fraction and number of undulations were examined. It is shown that the inclination angle, the wavy shape of the surface plus the features of nanofluid are outstanding control parameters to the rate of the heat transfer and the distribution of the fluid flow.
Utilizing the Computation Intelligence Technique for Boiler Pressure Controlling
Authors: Anead Hosham S. , Sultan Khalid F. , Ahmed Ayat 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to detect a damage in boiler of steam plant by using intelligence technique to improve the boiler performance. Experimental information is obtain by use an industrial boiler operating at AL-Dura power plant. This manuscript presents is to compare intelligence technique for boiler of steam power plant PID, ANFIS, PSO technique . Designing various pressure controllers to keep the boiler operating in normal conditions and enhance the efficiency. Those parameters are regulated through building a model and implementing in MATLAB, based on steam power plant requisite and the aims of the control. Results have shown that the PSO algorithm is optimal controlled and offers superior power plant performance from the PID controller. PSO, ANFIS and PID were implemented in AL–Dora power plant in Baghdad. Those techniques have been extensively utilized in numerous industry applications.
INFLUENCE OF ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS ON THE HARDENING OF CAST STEEL PLATES
Authors: Lopatin A.A. , Obeid Hassoun Enaam , Abdulaziz Abrahem Hussain , Eremeeva Ch. F. , Gabdullina R.A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the experimental and numerical analysis of the effect of roughness parameters on the hardening of a 148 mm x 148 mm cast steel plate. The temperature distribution on the plate surface was measured at various points, and the infabstractrared (IR) camera was used to capture infrared images during the cooling process. In this study, the temperature distribution on the plate surface was evaluated at each pixel image, and the data was collected and recorded using the Therma CAM researcher 2001 software. The results show that the cooling rates on the smooth and rough sides were significantly high at 500 C. Also, it has been found that the total amount of energy is constant over the entire thickness of the sample
Experimental and Modelling the Combined Measurements Technique for Microwave Absorbing Coatings Testing with Finite Difference Time Domain Method
Authors: Hassan Abdulkadhim A. , Saadie Janan H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Because of the structure property of radar absorbing coatings, using of the existing methods for testing these materials is quite difficult. In this paper, a combined-measurement technique was proposed for broadband characterization of microwave absorbing coatings using flanged rectangular waveguide sensor. The technique combines both frequency sweep reflections measurement and two-layer method to provide two different test conditions of the needed reflection coefficients necessary to extract both complex permittivity and complex permeability over a given frequency range. The first set of reflection coefficients is obtained by directly placing the sensor alongside the coating material and performing broadband measurement using frequency sweep over the selected frequency points of frequency range. The same procedure is applied on a combination of known material followed by the test material to measure the second set of the respective reflection coefficients. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method was employed to numerically calculate the sensor reflection coefficient and analyse the influence of the sensor geometry and coating material thickness on measurement accuracy. The measurement results of both complex permittivity and permeability for various samples of microwave absorbing coatings were agreed well with reference data. Simple interpolation approximation was introduced in their extraction process from multiple reflection coefficient data since they are frequency dependent parameters . The proposed technique speeds up and simplifies coating materials testing, while it decreases the error due to repeatability of measurement.
Performance Analysis of Linear Topology Wireless Sensor Network in Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Lee M.Y. , Azman A.S. , Subramaniam S.K. , Feroz F.S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Oil and gas industry is one of the largest corporations in the world. The process and machinery involved for the petroleum product to be extracted, refined and transported are usually critical and complex. Hence, it is crucial to have a stable and reliable system to control, monitor and manage the security the industrial assets. Since Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can sense, process and communicate, it is one of the best and popular solution to the problem existed in the oil and gas industry. In this paper, a detailed performance analysis of AODV, DSDV and FIXRT with 32 and 128 packet size is presented by using linear topology in accordance with IEEE 802.11 standards by using ns2.35 simulator. The results showed that FIXRT protocol increases the overall performance of the network by almost 30%.
Albuminuria, Kidney Function, and Cancer Risk in the Community
Authors: Mok Yejin , Ballew Shoshana H , Sang Yingying , Coresh Josef , Joshu Corinne E , Platz Elizabeth A , Matsushita Kunihiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFew studies have comprehensively investigated the association of 2 key kidney disease measures, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), with cancer incidence. In 8,935 participants at the baseline (1996–1998) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we quantified the associations of eGFR (based on creatinine and cystatin C) and ACR with cancer risk using Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Due to changing guidelines for prostate cancer screening during the follow-up period, we investigated overall cancer, overall nonprostate cancer, and site-specific cancer. During a median follow-up of 14.7 years, 2,030 incident cancer cases occurred. In demographically adjusted models, low eGFR and high ACR were associated with cancer incidence (both overall and overall nonprostate cancer). These associations were attenuated after adjusting for other shared risk factors, with a significant association remaining only for ACR (≥103 compared with 5 mg/g) and overall nonprostate cancer. For site-specific cancer, only high ACR showed a significant association with lung and urinary tract cancers. Of these, the association between ACR and lung cancer appeared most robust in several sensitivity analyses. Kidney disease measures, particularly high ACR, were independently associated with cancer risk. The association between ACR and lung cancer was uniquely robust, warranting future studies to explore potential mechanisms.
Full spectra coloration and condition-dependent signaling in a skin-based carotenoid sexual ornament
Authors: Harris Sarah , Kervinen Matti , Lebigre Christophe , Pike Thomas W , Soulsbury Carl D 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCarotenoid-based traits commonly act as condition-dependent signals of quality to both males and females. Such colors are typically quantified using summary metrics (e.g., redness) derived by partitioning measured reflectance spectra into blocks. However, perceived coloration is a product of the whole spectrum. Recently, new methods have quantified a range of environmental factors and their impact on reflection data at narrow wavebands across the whole spectrum. Using this approach, we modeled the reflectance of red integumentary eye combs displayed by male black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) as a function of ornament size and variables related to male quality. We investigated the strength and direction of effect sizes of variables at each waveband. The strongest effect on the spectra came from eye comb size, with a negative effect in the red part of the spectrum and a positive effect in ultraviolet reflectance. Plasma carotenoid concentration and body mass were also related to reflectance variance in differing directions across the entire spectra. Comparisons of yearlings and adults showed that the effects were similar but stronger on adult reflectance spectra. These findings suggest that reflectance in different parts of the spectrum is indicative of differing components of quality. This method also allows a more accurate understanding of how biologically relevant variables may interact to produce perceived coloration and multicomponent signals and where the strongest biological effects are found.
A statistical framework for predicting critical regions of p53-dependent enhancers
Authors: Niu Xiaohui , Deng Kaixuan , Liu Lifen , Yang Kun , Hu Xuehai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
P53 is the ‘guardian of the genome’ and is responsible for regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. The genomic p53 binding regions, where activating transcriptional factors and cofactors like p300 simultaneously bind, are called ‘p53-dependent enhancers’, which play an important role in tumorigenesis. Current experimental assays generally provide a broad peak of each enhancer element, leaving our knowledge about critical enhancer regions (CERs) limited. Under the inspiration of enhancer dissection by CRISPR-Cas9 screen library on genome-wide p53 binding sites, here we introduce a statistical framework called ‘Computational CRISPR Strategy’ (CCS), to predict whether a given DNA fragment will be a p53-dependent CER by employing 7-mer as feature extractions along with random forest as the regressor. When training on a p53 CRISPR enhancer dataset, CCS not only accurately fitted the top-ranked enriched single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) but also successfully reproduced two known CERs that were validated by experiments. When applying it to an independent testing dataset on a tilling of a 2K-b genomic region of CRISPR-deCDKN1A-Lib, the trained model shows great generalizability by identifying a CER containing five top-ranked sgRNAs. A feature importance analysis further indicates that top-ranked 7-mers are mapped onto informative TF motifs including POU5F1 and SOX5, which are differentially enriched in p53-dependent CERs and are potential factors to make a general p53 binding site to form a p53-dependent CER, providing the interpretability of the trained model. Our results demonstrate that CCS is an alternative way of the CRISPR experiment to screen the genome for mapping p53-dependent CERs.
How much did pottery workers know about classical art and civilisation?
Authors: Hall Edith 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe voices of pottery workers across the British Isles during the heyday of the taste for classically themed ceramics are almost silent to us, since so few left memoirs or diaries. But other sources cumulatively build up a picture of skilled male, female, and child workers familiar with multifarious ancient artefacts and books visually reproducing them. At Etruria and Herculaneum, workers were encouraged to see themselves as participants in the rebirth of the ancient ceramic arts; they were trained in painstaking reproduction of details not only from ancient vases but from ancient gems, intaglios, ivories, coins, bas-reliefs, frescoes, friezes, statues, and sarcophagi. They were familiar with the stories of a substantial number of ancient mythical and historical figures, and the different aesthetic conventions of classical Athenian, Hellenistic, and Roman art. Some were even able to study antiquity at institutions of adult education, and had access to well-stocked workers’ libraries.