bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful cryoablation of dual atrioventricular nodal nonreentrant tachycardia: First reported cases
Authors: González‐Torrecilla Esteban , Ávila‐Alonso Pablo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe describe two consecutive adult males with incessant dual atrioventricular nodal nonreentrant tachycardia and associated severe cardiomyopathy. After invasive diagnosis, this is the first published report showing the successful outcome of this rare tachycardia with effective cryoablation. Cryothermal lesions in the roof of the proximal coronary sinus and right midseptal area lead to complete resolution of the tachycardia‐mediated cardiomyopathy in the mid‐term follow‐up of our patients.
Parallel attentional facilitation of features and objects in early visual cortex
Authors: Adamian Nika , Andersen Søren K. , Hillyard Steven A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSelective attention can enhance the processing of attended features across the entire visual field. Attention also spreads within objects, enhancing all internal locations and task‐irrelevant features of selected objects. Here, we examine the extent to which attentional enhancement of a feature spreads across attended and unattended objects. Two fully overlapping counter‐rotating bicolored surfaces of light and dark random dots were presented on a gray background of intermediate luminance. This stimulus creates a percept of two separate semitransparent surfaces and allows the measurement of feature‐ and object‐based selections while controlling spatial attention. On each trial, human participants attended to a subset of dots defined by feature (luminance polarity) and object (surface) in order to detect brief episodes of radial motion while ignoring any events in the unattended groups of dots. Attentional selection was assessed by means of steady‐state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) and behavioral measures. SSVEP amplitudes recorded at medial occipital electrode sites were modulated both by surface‐based and luminance polarity‐based selection in a manner consistent with independent multiplicative enhancement of attentional effects in different dimensions in early visual cortex. This finding supports the view that feature‐based attention spreads across object boundaries, at least at an early stage of processing. However, SSVEPs elicited at more lateral electrode sites showed a hierarchical pattern of selection, potentially reflecting the binding of surface‐defining features with luminance features to enable surface‐based attention.
A study of skin characteristics with long‐term sleep restriction in Korean women in their 40s
Authors: Jang Sue Im , Lee Myeongryeol , Han Jiyeon , Kim Jeonghwan , Kim A Reum , An Ji Soo , Park Jin O. , Kim Beom Joon , Kim Eunjoo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated increased pore size and darkening skin color with total sleep deprivation. There are many studies of skin characteristics with short‐term sleep restriction, but there are few studies on skin characteristics when sleep is restricted more than three consecutive days. This study evaluated skin changes with sleep limited to 4 hours per night for six nights.Materials and MethodsThe study included 32 Korean women in their 40s. Skin hydration, desquamation, barrier recovery, texture, gloss, transparency, elasticity, crow's feet, frown lines, and color were measured. Individual sleep time was monitored by smartwatches. Subjects slept 8 hours per night for six nights in week one and 4 hours per night for six nights in week two.ResultsSkin hydration was significantly reduced after 1 day of sleep deprivation, and it continued to decrease. Skin gloss, desquamation, transparency, elasticity, and wrinkles were significantly aggravated after 1 day of sleep deprivation. Skin texture was significantly aggravated on the fourth day of sleep restriction. Elasticity was most affected by reduced sleep, with a standardized coefficient of −.320, indicating a significant decrease over time as compared to other characteristics.ConclusionSkin hydration was gradually decreased with sleep restriction. Skin texture did not change after only 1 day of sleep restriction. It is a new finding that elasticity decreases more than other skin characteristics with prolonged sleep restriction.
Flexible chromosome painting based on multiplex PCR of oligonucleotides and its application for comparative chromosome analyses in Cucumis
Authors: Bi Yunfei , Zhao Qinzheng , Yan Wenkai , Li Mengxue , Liu Yuxi , Cheng Chunyan , Zhang Lu , Yu Xiaqing , Li Ji , Qian Chuntao , Wu Yufeng , Chen Jinfeng , Lou Qunfeng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryChromosome painting is a powerful technique for chromosome and genome studies. We developed a flexible chromosome painting technique based on multiplex PCR of a synthetic oligonucleotide (oligo) library in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., 2n = 14). Each oligo in the library was associated with a universal as well as nested specific primers for amplification, which allow the generation of different probes from the same oligo library. We were also able to generate double‐stranded labelled oligos, which produced much stronger signals than single‐stranded labelled oligos, by amplification using fluorophore‐conjugated primer pairs. Oligos covering cucumber chromosome 1 (Chr1) and chromosome 4 (Chr4) consisting of eight segments were synthesized in one library. Different oligo probes generated from the library painted the corresponding chromosomes/segments unambiguously, especially on pachytene chromosomes. This technique was then applied to study the homoeologous relationships among cucumber, C. hystrix and C. melo chromosomes based on cross‐species chromosome painting using Chr4 probes. We demonstrated that the probe was feasible to detect interspecies chromosome homoeologous relationships and chromosomal rearrangement events. Based on its advantages and great convenience, we anticipate that this flexible oligo‐painting technique has great potential for the studies of the structure, organization, and evolution of chromosomes in any species with a sequenced genome.
Measuring the spatial price differences in China with regional price parity methods
Authors: Chen Menggen , Wang Yan , Rao D. S. Prasada 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe measurement of prices has been an important field in economics, and a spatial price index is very useful in comparing the standards of living and well‐being across regions in a country. This paper intends to measure the regional price parities (RPPs) across different provincial areas in China with an urban sample of 140 goods and services in 2015 according to the framework of the International Comparison Program (ICP) methodology. The results show that the RPPs that were estimated with commonly used approaches, such as the Gini–Éltetö–Köves–Szulc (GEKS), Geary–Khamis (GK) and weighted country product dummy (WCPD), are only slightly different. The RPPs of three regions including Guangdong, Shanghai and Zhejiang are greater than 1 (with Beijing = 1), while the other 27 regions are all lower than 1, which represents price levels that are less than Beijing. In the extrapolation of the RPPs from 2000 to 2014, a significant descending trend is found for the standard deviation series of the RPPs over time that shows that the price differences across regions decreased during the extrapolating period. This finding provides evidence of a phenomenon of spatial price converging in China. Finally, a study on the deflation of provincial aggregates with the RPPs reveals that the spatial price adjustment will change the ranks or relative importance of different regions in the country. Especially, the measurement of income inequality proves that the Gini coefficients of provincial income deflated by the RPPGEKS are all lower than the Gini coefficients of unadjusted incomes.
Partial analytical validation of the VetScan cPL rapid test
Authors: Steiner Joerg M. , Guadiano Phillip , Gomez Robynne R. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Lidbury Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSerum canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) concentrations have become the standard laboratory test used to diagnose canine pancreatitis. Recently, a new point‐of‐care assay for cPLI, the VetScan cPL rapid test (VetScan cPL), has become available, but analytical validation data have not yet been published.ObjectiveThis study aimed to perform a partial analytical validation of the VetScan cPL.MethodsLeftover serum samples from a diagnostic laboratory were used. Adherence to the manufacturer's guidelines, linearity, repeatability, and reproducibility were evaluated. Results of the VetScan cPL were correlated with the Spec cPL results.ResultsObserved‐to‐expected ratios for dilutional parallelism ranged from 77.4% to 162.9% (mean 119.3%). Intra‐assay and inter‐assay variabilities ranged from 16.9% to 36.7% (mean 25.1%) and from 14.1% to 51.2% (mean 31.8%), respectively. Adherence to the manufacturer's specification regarding results within ± 60 µg/L of the Spec cPL result was only achieved for 39% of the measurements. The VetScan cPL and Spec cPL correlation showed a Spearman'srof .758 for 29 data pairs.ConclusionsUnder the conditions of this study, the VetScan cPL did not adhere to the manufacturer's specifications for most measurements. Also, the VetScan cPL showed suboptimal linearity and was not precise. In conclusion, the VetScan cPL failed basic analytical validation.
Healing characteristics of acellular porcine corneal stroma following therapeutic keratoplasty
Authors: Li Saiqun , Deng Yuqing , Tian Bishan , Huang Haixiang , Zhang Henan , Yang Ruhui , Zhong Jing , Wang Bowen , Peng Lulu , Yuan Jin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcellular porcine corneal stroma (APCS) has proven to be a promising alternative to traditional corneal grafts. This prospective case series was conducted to further investigate the healing characteristics of APCS following keratoplasty.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients undergoing APCS implantation to treat infectious keratitis were included. The patients were followed up for 12 months after surgery. The main outcome measures included visual acuity, corneal transparency, graft thickness, and cellular and nerve regeneration.ResultsIn the operated eyes, the best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA, in logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution [logMAR] units) increased from 1.23 ± 0.95 logMAR before surgery to 0.23 ± 0.18 logMAR at 12 months after surgery (P < .001). The contrast sensitivity was still evidently reduced, especially at higher spatial frequencies. Gradual transparency improvement was observed in APCS grafts post‐operatively. After implantation, the APCS graft thickness initially increased (day 1 = 592.41 ± 52.69 µm) but then continuously decreased until 3 months after surgery (1 month = 449.26 ± 50.38 µm; 3 months = 359.63 ± 34.14 µm, P < .001). Graft reepithelialization was completed within 1 week. In the in vivo confocal microscopy scans, host keratocytes began to repopulate the APCS grafts between 3 and 6 months post‐operatively; subbasal nerve regeneration was only noted in 18.52% (5/27) of the eyes by 12 months after surgery.ConclusionsAcellular porcine corneal stroma functions as an effective alternative to human corneal tissue in lamellar keratoplasty. However, APCS is somewhat different from fresh human cornea in term of the post‐operative healing process, which warrants the attention of both clinicians and patients.
Modification and Extension of Screening Criteria for Fatigue Analysis
Authors: Shen Jun , Lu Mingwan , Wang Zhenyu , Peng Heng , Liu Yinghua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractASME Code VIII-2-2019 and previous versions provided three screening criteria for fatigue analysis. From edition 2004 to 2019, the design factor for material allowable stress decreased and the considered range of permissible cyclic number for design fatigue curve extended. However, screening criteria are almost unchanged except one restriction: If the specified number of cycles is greater than 106, then the screening criteria are not applicable and a fatigue analysis is required. In this paper, percentage limit of the design pressure in method A is modified and the specified number of cycles is extended. Some revision suggestions are also proposed to broaden the applicable range of the screening criterion.
Large-Deflection Analysis of General Beams in Contact-Aided Compliant Mechanisms Using Chained Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model
Authors: Jin Mohui , Yang Zhou , Ynchausti Collin , Zhu Benliang , Zhang Xianmin , Howell Larry L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The nonlinear analysis and design of contact-aided compliant mechanisms (CCMs) are challenging. This paper presents a nonlinear method for analyzing the deformation of general beams that contact rigid surfaces in CCMs. The large deflection of the general beam is modeled by using the chained pseudo-rigid-body model. A geometry constraint from the contact surface is developed to constrain the beam’s deformed configuration. The contact analysis problem is formulated based on the principle of minimum potential energy and solved using an optimization algorithm. Besides, a novel technique based on the principle of work and energy is proposed to calculate the reaction force/moment of displacement-loaded cases. Several analysis examples of the compliant mechanisms with straight or curved beams are used to verify the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method and technique can evaluate the deformation of beam-based CCMs and the reaction force/moment with acceptable accuracy, respectively.
Sliding Wear of WC-Ni-Based Self-Lubricating Composites With the Addition of Fullerene-Like WS2 Nanoparticles Against WC-Ni Cermet
Authors: Wu Bin , Wang Jin-hua , Zhong Liang , Huang Xin-yang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, WC-Ni-based composites with fullerene-like WS2 nanoparticles were fabricated by pulsed electric current sintering. High pressure could assist in low-temperature sintering of the composite. The sliding wear behavior of the composites against WC-Ni counterbodies was also studied in reciprocating ball-on-plate mode. The friction coefficient of the composite was reduced by the incorporated lubricant. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray elemental mapping further suggest that the friction reduction is attributed to the formation of a mixed tribofilm on the wear tracks supported by the underlying densified matrix. Wear mechanisms are also discussed here.
Inlet Flow Incidence Effects on the Thermal Performance of Showerhead Cooling in a Nozzle Vane Cascade
Authors: Abdeh H. , Barigozzi G. , Perdichizzi A. , Henze M. , Krueckels J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the present paper, the influence of inlet flow incidence on the thermal performance of a film cooled linear nozzle vane cascade is assessed. Tests have been carried out on a cooled cascade, featuring a showerhead cooling system made of 4 rows of cylindrical holes. The cascade was tested by varying the inlet flow angle in the range ±20° at a high inlet turbulence intensity level (Tu1 = 9%) and at a constant inlet Mach number of 0.12. The thermal characterization of vane leading edge region was obtained through adiabatic film cooling effectiveness measurements. Vane load distributions supported the discussion of the results. Varying the incidence angle in either positive or negative angles, the thermal protection on the vane is reduced while the maximum protection happened at 0° incidence case.
A Parametric Investigation of Vane Showerhead Film Cooling by PSP Technique
Authors: Abdeh H. , Barigozzi G. , Ravelli S. , Rouina S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study a parametric analysis of the thermal performance of a nozzle vane cascade with a showerhead cooling system made of four rows of cylindrical holes was carried out by using the Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) technique. Coolant-to-mainstream blowing ratio (BR), density ratio (DR), main flow isentropic exit Mach number (Ma2is) and turbulence intensity level (Tu1) were the considered parameters. The cascade was tested in an atmospheric wind tunnel at Ma2is values ranging from 0.2 to 0.6, with an inlet turbulence intensity level of 1.6% and 9%, at variable injection conditions of BR = 2.0, 3.0, 4.0. Moreover, the influence of DR on the leading edge film cooling performance was investigated: testing was carried out at DR = 1.0, using nitrogen as foreign gas, and DR = 1.5, with carbon dioxide serving as coolant. In the near-hole region, higher BR and Ma2is resulted in higher effectiveness, while higher mainstream turbulence intensity reduced the thermal coverage in between the rows of holes, whatever the BR. Further downstream along the vane pressure side, the effectiveness was negatively affected by rising BR, but positively influenced by lowering the mainstream turbulence intensity. Moreover, a decrease in DR caused a reduction in the film cooling performance, whose extent depends on the injection condition.
Studies of Hybrid Titanium Compressor Blisks for Gas Turbine Engines Manufactured Using Additive Technologies
Authors: Magerramova Liubov , Klimova-Korsmik Olga , Turichin Gleb , Volkov Mikhael , Guschina Marina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Compressor blisks for gas turbine engines (GTE) are usually produced by machining from a single forging. Significant time and costs are required for this method of production.
This article proposes a method for manufacturing a hybrid compressor wheel — the disk part of which consists of a deformable titanium alloy and blades made of a powder alloy — using one of the most productive additive technologies — direct laser deposition. With this blisk production method, the material utilization decreases sharply, and the time required decreases from several months to several days.
Development and Testing of a FuelFlex Dry-Low-NOx Micromix Combustor for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications With Variable Hydrogen Methane Mixtures
Authors: Funke H. H.-W. , Beckmann N. , Abanteriba S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The negative effects on the earth’s climate make the reduction of the potent greenhouse gases carbon-dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) an imperative of the combustion research. Hydrogen based gas turbine systems are in the focus of the energy producing industry, due to their potential to eliminate CO2 emissions completely as combustion product, if the fuel is produced from renewable and sustainable energy sources. Due to the difference in the physical properties of hydrogen-rich fuel mixtures compared to common gas turbine fuels, well established combustion systems cannot be directly applied for Dry Low NOx (DLN) hydrogen combustion.
The paper presents initial test data of a recently designed low emission Micromix combustor adapted to flexible fuel operation with variable fuel mixtures of hydrogen and methane. Based on previous studies, targeting low emission combustion of pure hydrogen and dual fuel operation with hydrogen and syngas (H2/CO 90/10 vol.%), a FuelFlex Micromix combustor for variable hydrogen methane mixtures has been developed.
For facilitating the experimental low pressure testing the combustion chamber test rig is adapted for flexible fuel operation. A computer-controlled gas mixing facility is designed and installed to continuously provide accurate and homogeneous hydrogen methane fuel mixtures to the combustor. An evaluation of all major error sources has been conducted. In the presented experimental studies, the integration-optimized FuelFlex Micromix combustor geometry is tested at atmospheric pressure with hydrogen methane fuel mixtures ranging from 57 vol.% to 100 vol.% hydrogen in the fuel. For evaluating the combustion characteristics, the results of experimental exhaust gas analyses are applied.
Despite the design compromise, that takes into account the significantly different fuel and combustion properties of the applied fuels, the initial results confirm promising operating behaviour, combustion efficiency and pollutant emission levels for flexible fuel operation. The investigated combustor module exceeds 99.4% combustion efficiency for hydrogen contents of 80–100% in the fuel mixture and shows NOx emissions less than 4 ppm corrected to 15 vol.% O2 at the design point.
Hot Gas Corrosion and its Influence on the Thermal Cycling Performance of Suspension Plasma Spray TBCs
Authors: Jonnalagadda Krishna Praveen , Zhang Pimin , Gupta Mohit , Li Xin-Hai , Lin Peng Ru 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) manufactured with suspension plasma spray (SPS) are promising candidates for use in gas turbines due to their high strain tolerance during thermal cyclic fatigue (TCF). However, corrosion often occurs alongside thermal fatigue and coating durability under these conditions is highly desirable. The current study focuses on understanding the corrosion behavior and its influence on the thermal cyclic fatigue life of SPS TBCs. Corrosion tests were conducted at 780 °C using a mixed-gas (1SO2-0.1CO-20CO2-N2(bal.) in vol. %) for 168h. They were later thermally cycled between 100–1100 °C with a 1h hold time at 1100 °C. Corrosion test results indicated that the damage predominantly started from the edges and a milder damage was observed at the center. Nickel sulfide was observed on top of the top coat and also in the columnar gaps of the top coat. Chromium oxides were observed inside the top coat columnar gaps but close to the bond coat/top coat interface. They were believed to reduce the strain tolerance of SPS TBCs to an extent and also amplify the thermal mismatch stresses during TCF tests. This, together with a fast growth of alumina during the TCF, resulted in a significant drop in the TCF life compared to the standard TCF tests.
The Increasing Complexity of Corrosion in Gas Turbines
Authors: Shifler David A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Removal of fuel sulfur assumes that hot corrosion events will subsequently end in shipboard and aero gas turbine engines. Most papers in the literature since the 1970s consider Na2SO4 and SO3 as the primary reactants causing hot corrosion. However, several geographical sites around the world have relatively high pollutant levels (particulate matter, SO2, etc.) that have the potential to initiate high-temperature corrosion. The deposit chemistry influencing hot corrosion is more complex consisting of multiple sulfates and silicates with the addition of chlorides in a marine environment. Sulfur species may still enter a ship combustion chamber as contaminants via air intake or with seawater entrained in air entering through the ship air intake.
High levels of impurities (SO2) above 2 ppm can lead to hot corrosion attack. Research is needed to determine how sulfate salt mixtures and air impurities influence hot corrosion in marine and non-marine conditions. Other impurities such as phosphorus, lead, chlorides, sand, and unburned carbon may lower salt melting temperatures, alter the sulfate activity, or change the solution chemistry and acidity/basicity that leads to accelerating hot corrosion. Other issues need to be considered in non-metallic materials system.