bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Application of 0.75% Metronidazole Gel for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds: Two Case Reports&nbsp;and Literature Review
Authors: Si Ruijuan , Han Jing , Zhang Xue , Ji Fang , Yang Xu , Zhang Ju 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: To explore the application of metronidazole gel in the healing of chronic foot wounds.Methods: On the basis of reviewing the previous literature, routine debridement care and local application of metronidazole gel were applied to two patients with foot wounds and observations of wound healing were made. The wound of patient A was a deep wound, and the wound of patient B was a diabetic foot ulcer complicated by gangrene.Results: The bleeding and exudate of the patient with a deep wound gradually disappeared, and the wound healed. In the patient with the diabetic foot ulcer, the bleeding and exudate decreased. This was followed by the gradual size reduction of the wound and the formation of a scab over the large wound size.Conclusion: Metronidazole gel was effective in wound resolution of anaerobic bacteria infected wounds. It can serve as a way to relieve patients' pain with a promising therapeutic effect. The effectiveness of metronidazole in the treatment of deep wounds and diabetic foot patients requires further and larger-scale research studies to confirm the findings shown here.
Comparison of Forest Stand Condition Between Thinned and Unthinned Blocks Under Collaborative Forest Management of Western Lowlands of Nepal
Authors: Belbase Kajol , Poudel Arun Sharma , Chhetri Sagar Godar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAfter a successful implementation of community forestry practices, since 2003 collaborative forest management has been implementing in Nepal. Due to naive approaches of managing forest land in Nepal, the information regarding the forest condition under silviculture practices is very low. The purpose of the study was to understand the regeneration status in the harvested plot and make the comparison of crop stands between the thinned and unthinned plot. MethodHarvested, Thinned, and Unthinned block of Tilaurakot Collaborative Forest was chosen for the study. Eccentric circular plots with radii 11.29m was taken for trees, 5.64m for poles, 2.82m for saplings, and 1.78m for seedling was taken to collect data from each of the selected blocks. Altogether, 71 plots were taken from harvested (11), thinned (30), and unthinned (30) block. Results The result shows seedling and sapling in the harvested block were 14,974 and 3,368 per hectare, respectively. Also, the study identified that the number of seedling and sapling in the thinned block were higher than the unthinned block. However, the growing stock and basal area per hectare in the thinned block were lower than the unthinned block. The number of trees per hectare was lesser in the thinned block (86 per ha) than an unthinned block (140 per ha). Similarly, the number of poles per hectare were lesser in the thinned block (346 per ha) than an unthinned block (370 per ha). Also, the important valve index (IVI) of Sal (Shorea robusta) was found more than other species in harvested, thinned, and unthinned blocks. ConclusionsThe study suggest that the condition of regeneration was better after the opening of the canopy and thinning promotes the growth of trees and undergrowth vegetation. Thus, policy makers should give emphasis on using the silvicultural operations in forest management to maintain the forest health.
Treatment patterns and comorbid burden of patients newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in the United States
Authors: Kern David , Cepeda M. Soledad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The treatment landscape for multiple sclerosis (MS) is quickly evolving. Understanding real-world treatment patterns of patients is necessary to identifying potential gaps in care.Methods: Patients with incident MS were identified from a large national claims database during 1/1/2014-6/30/2019. Patients had ≥2 diagnoses for MS or an inpatient hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of MS. Patients were required to have enrollment in the database ≥1 year prior to and ≥1 year following their first MS diagnosis. Treatment sequences were captured for all available disease modifying therapies (DMTs) during all available follow-up. Presence of comorbid conditions were captured during the one year prior to and following (and including) the index date; absolute change in prevalence from the pre- to post-index periods was calculated. Results: We identified 5,691 patients with incident MS. Common comorbidities included physical symptoms (e.g., pain, weakness, fatigue), mental health conditions (anxiety, depression), and cardiovascular/metabolic conditions (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity). Just 1,994 (35.0%) of patients received a DMT at any time during follow-up. Of those receiving a DMT, 28.2% went on to receive a second line of therapy, 5.8% received a third, and just 0.9% went on to a fourth line. Use of more than one DMT concomitantly occurred in just 1.8% of all treated patients. Glatiramer and dimethyl fumarate were by far the most common first-line treatments received accounting for nearly 62% of patients receiving a DMT. Conclusion: Approximately one-third of patients newly diagnosed with MS received a DMT and the disease is accompanied by a significant comorbid burden.
Risk Factors for Neonatal Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Nakamura Eishin , Matsunaga Shigetaka , Ono Yoshihisa , Takai Yasushi , Seki Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:Determination of the optimal timing for termination of pregnancy in cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) during the extremely preterm period is still difficult. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major disease widely taken into account when determining the prognosis of respiratory disorders in a neonate. Many aspects of this disease remain unclear. With the aim of further improving the prognosis of neonates born to mothers with pPROM, this study examined cases who were diagnosed with pPROM before 28 weeks of gestation. The study analysed risk factors for neonatal BPD and the optimal timing for termination of pregnancy in pPROM cases.Methods:Subjects were 73 cases of single pregnancy who were diagnosed with pPROM during the period from 22 weeks and 0 days to 27 weeks and 6 days of gestation. The following factors were retrospectively examined: the gestational week at which a diagnosis of pPROM was made; the gestational week at which delivery occurred; the period for which the volume of amniotic fluid was maintained; and neonatal BPD as a complication. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn in order to analyse the relationship between the duration of oligohydramnios and the onset of BPD.ResultsThe mean gestational week at which a diagnosis of amniorrhexis was made was 24.5 ± 1.9 weeks (mean ± SD), and that at which delivery occurred was 27.0 ± 3.0 weeks. Fifty-seven cases (78.1%) were diagnosed with oligohydramnios, the mean duration of which was 17.4 ± 20.5 days. The mean birth weight of neonates was 1000 ± 455 g, of which 49 (67.1%) were diagnosed with BPD following birth. No neonates died in this study. Multivariate analysis of various risk factors for the onset of BPD indicated that oligohydramnios is an independent risk factor for BPD. The ROC curve indicated that the cut-off value was 4 days. In this case, the levels of sensitivity and specificity for predicting the onset of neonatal BPD were 0.941 and 0.917 respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that oligohydramnios is an independent risk factor for BPD in cases who are diagnosed with pPROM before 28 weeks of gestation.
Novel immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment with prognostic value in breast cancer
Authors: Tan Wen , Liu Maomao , Wang Liangshan , Guo Yang , Wei Changsheng , Zhang Shuqi , Luo Chengyu , Liu Nan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among women worldwide. Alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been increasingly recognized as key in the development and progression of breast cancer in recent years. To deeply comprehend the gene expression profiling of the TME and identify immunological targets, as well as determine the relationship between gene expression and different prognoses is highly critical.
Results
The stromal/immune scores of breast cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas were employed to comprehensively evaluate the TME. Although the TME did not correlate with the stages of breast cancer, it was closely associated with the subtypes of breast cancer and gene mutations (CDH1, TP53 and PTEN), and had immunological characteristics. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis, the upregulated genes from the high vs low immune score groups were mainly involved in T cell activation, the external side of the plasma membrane, and receptor ligand activity. We further analyzed and screened the overlapping genes of the top 3 GO terms and upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Overall survival, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses revealed that the genes of the top GO terms of the upregulated DEGs from the high vs low immune score groups exhibited better prognosis in breast cancer; 15 of them were related to good prognosis in breast cancer, especially CD226 and KLRC4-KLRK1.
Conclusions
High CD226 and KLRC4-KLRK1 expression levels were identified and validated to correlate with better overall survival in specific stages or subtypes of breast cancer. CD226, KLRC4-KLRK1 and other new targets seem to be promising avenues for promoting antitumor targeted immunotherapy in breast cancer.
Resveratrol Mediates Mechanical Allodynia Through Modulating Inflammatory Response via the TREM2-autophagy Axis in SNI Rat Model
Authors: Wang Yaping , Shi Yu , Huang Yongquan , Liu Wei , Cai Guiyuan , Huang Shimin , Zeng Yanyan , Zhan Hongrui , Wu Wen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Neuropathic pain (NeuP) is a chronic and challenging clinical problem, with little effective treatment. Resveratrol has shown neuroprotection by inhibiting inflammatory response in NeuP. Recently, the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) expressed by microglia was identified as a critical factor of inflammation in nervous system diseases. In this study, we explored whether resveratrol could ameliorate neuroinflammation and produce anti-mechanical allodynia effects via regulating TREM2 in spared nerve injury rats, as well as investigated the underlying mechanisms.
Methods
A spared nerve injury (SNI) rat model was performed to investigate whether resveratrol could exert anti-mechanism allodynia effects via inhibiting neuroinflammation. To evaluate the role of TREM2 in anti-neuroinflammatory function of resveratrol, Lentivirus coding TREM2 was intrathecal injected into SNI rats to activate TREM2 and the pain behavior was detected by the Von Frey test. Furthermore, 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor) was performed to analyze the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol-mediated anti-neuroinflammation using Western blot, qPCR, immunofluorescence.
Results
The TREM2 expression and number of the microglial cell was significantly increased in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn after SNI. We found that intrathecal administration of resveratrol (300ug/day) alleviated mechanical allodynia; obviously enhanced autophagy; and markedly reduced the levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn after SNI. Moreover, the number of Iba-1+ microglial cells and TREM2 expression were downregulated after resveratrol treatment. Intrathecal administration of lentivirus coding TREM2 and/or 3-methyladenine in those rats induced deficiencies in resveratrol-mediated anti-inflammation, leading to mechanical allodynia that could be rescued via administration of Res. Furthermore, 3-MA treatment contributed to TREM2-mediated mechanical allodynia.
Conclusions
Taken together, these data reveal that resveratrol relieves neuropathic pain through suppressing microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via regulating the TREM2-autophagy axis in SNI rats.
General Formulation for Free Vibration of Elastic Solids with Static Loads and Application to Rotating Tapered Cantilever Beam Vibration&nbsp;
Authors: Luo Renfan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
By solving the three one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear dynamic differential equations analytically, it has been proved that unless the nonlinear terms are in first order, a nonlinear dynamic system never has a vibration natural frequency. A simple nonlinear mass-spring system has been invented to demonstrate that vibration frequency is only calculated on a perturbation basis and to demonstrate that an external load may affect frequency too. Then for an elastic solid with nonlinear deformation and with static loads including a rotational angular velocity, a virtual small factor has been introduced to ensure a small deformation, a general formulation to predict vibration frequencies has been developed, which proves that the strain energy and kinematic energy (or the work done by vibration inertial force) are calculated from the linear deformation terms while the work done by external loads is calculated from the second order nonlinear terms that cause stiffening/softening effects on vibration frequency. This may be different to the Rayleigh-Ritz method. Applying the developed formulation to rotating tapered cantilever beams, the simple analytical method has been developed. Validation against FE analysis has been carried out to show that the simple method can predict the out-of-plane vibration frequency of rotating tapered cantilever beams accurately.
Maize-PAS: Automated Maize Phenotyping Analysis Software using Deep Learning
Authors: Zhou Shuo , Chai Xiujuan , Yang Zixuan , Wang Hongwu , Yang Chenxue , Sun Tan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important food sources in the world and has been one of the main targets of plant genetics and phenotypic research for centuries. Observation and analysis of various morphological phenotypic traits during maize growth are essential for genetic and breeding study. The generally huge number of samples produce an enormous amount of high-resolution image data. While high throughput plant phenotyping platforms are increasingly used in maize breeding trials, there is a reasonable need for software tools that can automatically identify visual phenotypic features of maize plants and implement batch processing on image datasets.Results: On the boundary between computer vision and plant science, we utilize advanced deep learning methods based on convolutional neural networks to empower the workflow of maize phenotyping analysis. This paper presents Maize-PAS ( Maize Phenotyping Analysis Software), an integrated application supporting one-click analysis of maize phenotype, embedding multiple functions: I. Projection, II. Color Analysis, III. Internode length, IV. Height, V. Stem Diameter and VI. Leaves Counting. Taking the RGB image of maize as input, the software provides a user-friendly graphical interaction interface and rapid calculation of multiple important phenotypic characteristics, including leaf sheath points detection and leaves segmentation. In function Leaves Counting, the mean and standard deviation of difference between prediction and ground truth are 1.60 and 1.625.Conclusion: The Maize-PAS is easy-to-use and demands neither professional knowledge of computer vision nor deep learning. All functions for batch processing are incorporated, enabling automated and labor-reduced tasks of recording, measurement and quantitative analysis of maize growth traits on a large dataset. We prove the efficiency and potential capability of our techniques and software to image-based plant research, which also demonstrates the feasibility and capability of AI technology implemented in agriculture and plant science.
Blockade of Interleukin-17 Leads to Shifts From Stage-based Towards Response-based Disease Clusters- Comparative Data From Very Early and Established Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Kampylafka Eleni , Tascilar Koray , Lerchen Veronika , Linz Christina , Sokolova Maria , Zekovic Ana , Kleyer Arnd , Simon David , Rech Juergen , Sticherling Michael , Schett Georg , Hueber Axel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background. Limited information exists about the very early forms of psoriatic arthritis. In particular, differences and responsiveness of patient-reportedoutcomes (PROs) in very early as compared to established PsA have not been investigated to date.Methods. Cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal evaluation of PROs related to pain (VAS), physical function (HAQ-DI, SF-36 physical), mental function (SF-36 mental), impact of psoriatic skin (DLQI), joint (PsAID) and global disease (VAS) in two small prospective observational studies on secukinumab 300mg over 6 months in very early disease patients (IVEPSA study; N=20) and established PsA (PSARTROS study; N=20). Cluster analysis was performed at baseline and 24-weeks follow-up.Results. While responses in pain and physical activity-related PROs to secukinumab were more pronounced in established PsA than very early disease, effects on PROs related to general health perception, as well as those related to emotional and mental well-being, were modified in a similar way in very early disease and established PsA. Cluster analysis based on global disease activity and PROs showed that baseline clusters reflected very early disease and established PsA, while during interleukin-17 inhibition these clusters were abolished and new clusters based on differential responses to physically and mentally-oriented PROs formed.Conclusions. Inhibition of IL-17A leads to comprehensive improvement of PROs in patients with very early musculoskeletal involvement in PsA. Most importantly, treatment restructures original patients clusters based on the stage of psoriatic disease and leads to the formation of new clusters that reflect their post-treatment state with respect tophysical and mental-orientated PROs.Trial Registration: NCT02483234
Using Virtual Imaging Technology to Restore Cultural Heritage in Situ Virtually
Authors: Qiao Chengquan , Zhang Wenwen , Gong Decai , Gong Yuxuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The restoration of incomplete cultural heritage is important for presenting the value of cultural heritage. Usually, the restoration methods mainly include physical restoration, digital restoration, digital projection restoration, and plane patterns restoration, which all have insurmountable shortcomings. This paper presents a virtual imaging technology based on a kind of visual illusion phenomenon to restore cultural heritage in situ virtually. We proposed a virtual imaging restoration device and examined the practicability of the virtual imaging technology in restoration by applying it in restoring an incomplete bronze mirror. The results showed that the virtual imaging restoration performances better than traditional restoration methods from the perspective of keeping authenticity, non-interference, reversibility and discernibility of the cultural heritage. The potential of this technology and its encouraging results may provide a better alternative to the restoration of certain kinds of incomplete cultural heritage and a useful tool to pretest the restoration programmes.
A Novel Anti-inflammatory D-peptide Halts Disease Phenotype Progression in an ALS Mouse Model
Authors: Post Julia , Kogel Vanessa , Schaffrath Anja , Lohmann Philipp , Shah Nadim Joni , Langen Karl-Josef , Willbold Dieter , Willuweit Antje , Kutzsche Janine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterised by selective neuronal death in brain stem and spinal cord. The cause is unknown, but an increasing evidence has firmly certified that neuroinflammation plays a key role in ALS pathogenesis. Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders and has been implicated as driver of disease progression. Here, we describe two treatment studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of a tandem version of the well-known all-d-peptide RD2 (RD2RD2) in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1) and in a transgenic mouse model of ALS (SOD1*G93A).Methods:APP/PS1 and SOD1*G93A mice were treated intraperitoneally for four weeks mice with RD2RD2 vs placebo. APP/PS1 brain and plasma samples were histologically and biochemically analysed for inflammatory markers, gliosis and amyloid pathology. SOD1*G93A mice were tested longitudinally during treatment in various behavioural and motor coordination tests. Brain and spinal cord samples were investigated immunohistochemically for gliosis and neurodegeneration.Results: Treatment in APP/PS1 mice revealed significant reduction in glial cell activation in the brain and significantly lower levels of inflammatory cytokines in plasma. RD2RD2 treatment in SOD1*G93A mice resulted not only in a reduction of activated astrocytes and microglia in both brain stem and lumbar spinal cord but also in a rescue of neurons in the motor cortex. Moreover, behavioural tests revealed that the disease phenotype of SOD1*G93A mice is halted during treatment.Conclusion: Based on the presented results, we conclude that RD2RD2 is a potential therapeutic candidate against ALS.
Association of Nasopharyngeal Viruses and Pathogenic Bacteria in Children and Their Parents With and Without HIV
Authors: Khan Tila , Das Ranjan Saurav , Chaudhary Amrita , Chatterjee Jyotirmoy , Bhattacharya Sangeeta Das 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Bacteria and respiratory viruses co-occur in the nasopharynx, and their interactions may impact pathogenesis of invasive disease. Associations of viruses and bacteria in the nasopharynx may be affected by HIV. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study in families with and without HIV in West Bengal India, to look at the association of viruses and bacteria in the nasopharynx of parents and children, when they are asymptomatic. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, for 4 bacteria and 21 respiratory viruses, was run on 92 random nasopharyngeal swabs from children, and 77 swabs from their parents. Results: In 67% of child samples bacteria was found; in 45% viruses were found and in 27% viruses were found with bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (53%) was the most common bacteria, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) (37%) in children and parents (53%, 20%). Human rhinovirus and adenovirus (14%, each) were most frequently detected in children living with HIV (CLH). Adenovirus was associated with pneumococcus in children (Odds ratio OR 6, 95% CI 1.12-31.9). Rhinovirus was associated with pneumococcus in CLH (OR 15.6, 1.66-146.4), and with increased pneumococcal density in children (Regression coeff 4.5, 1.14-7.9). CLH had 8.7 times increased pneumococcal and S. aureus colonization, in the presence of rhinovirus. Conclusions: Viruses and bacteria were frequently co-detected and viruses specifically rhinovirus was associated with increased pneumococcal density in asymptomatic children regardless of HIV status. Positive associations were found between pneumococcus, S. aureus, and rhinovirus in CLH.