bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arithmeticity of discrete subgroups
Authors: BENOIST YVES 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe topic of this course is the discrete subgroups of semisimple Lie groups. We discuss a criterion that ensures that such a subgroup is arithmetic. This criterion is a joint work with Sébastien Miquel, which extends previous work of Selberg and Hee Oh and solves an old conjecture of Margulis. We focus on concrete examples like the group

$\mathrm {SL}(d,{\mathbb {R}})$
and we explain how classical tools and new techniques enter the proof: the Auslander projection theorem, the Bruhat decomposition, the Mahler compactness criterion, the Borel density theorem, the Borel–Harish-Chandra finiteness theorem, the Howe–Moore mixing theorem, the Dani–Margulis recurrence theorem, the Raghunathan–Venkataramana finite-index subgroup theorem and so on.
Trilobite fauna (Wuliuan Stage, Miaolingian Series, Cambrian) of the lower Lakeview Limestone, Pend Oreille Lake, Idaho
Authors: Sundberg Frederick A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Lakeview Limestone is one of the westernmost Cambrian exposures in the northwestern United States and occurs on the western edge of the Montania paleotopographic high. These deposits occur between the deeper water deposits to the west and carbonate banks and intracratonic basins to the east and provide critical link between the regions. A re-investigation of the Cambrian trilobite faunas from the lower portion of the Lakeview Limestone, Pend Oreille Lake, Idaho, is undertaken due to the inadequate illustrations and descriptions provided by Resser (1938a). Resser's type specimens and additional material are figured and described. The trilobite assemblages represent thePtychagnostus praecurrensZone, Wuliuan Stage, Miaolingian Series and including two new taxa:Itagnostus idahoensisn. sp., andUtia debran. sp. Because of the similarity between some species ofAmecephalusfrom the Lakeview Limestone to specimens from the Chisholm Shale, Nevada, the type specimens ofAmecephalus piochensis(Walcott, 1886) andAm.packi(Resser, 1935), Walcott's and Resser's type specimens are re-illustrate and their taxonomic problems are discussed.Utia curioWalcott, 1924 from the Spence Shale, Utah, have never been re-illustrated since Walcott (1925), these type specimens are also re-illustrated and compared toUtia debran. sp.UUID:http://zoobank.org/5ef6ee5e-bddc-4395-becf-9bcea54c679c
Conventional and unconventional participation in Latin America: a hierarchical latent class approach
Authors: Alvarez R. Michael , Katz Gabriel , Levin Ines , Núñez Lucas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBuilding on past research, we implement a hierarchical latent class model to analyze political participation from a comparative perspective. Our methodology allows simultaneously: (i) estimating citizens’ propensity to engage in conventional and unconventional modes of participation; (ii) classifying individuals into underlying “types” capturing within- and cross-country variations in participation; and (iii) assessing how this classification varies with micro- and macro-level factors. We apply our model to Latin American survey data. We show that our method outperforms alternative approaches used to study participation and derive typologies of political engagement. Substantively, we find that the distribution of participatory types is similar throughout the continent, and that it correlates strongly with respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics and crime victimization.
Artificial intelligence as an analytic approximation to evaluate associations between parental feeding behaviours and excess weight in Colombian preschoolers
Authors: Gamboa Edna M. , Amaya Claudia I. , Bahamonde Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractParental practices can affect children’s weight and BMI and may even be related to a high prevalence of obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between parents’ practices related to feeding their children and excess weight in preschoolers in Bucaramanga, Colombia, using artificial intelligence. A cross-sectional study was carried out between September and December 2017. The sample included preschoolers who attended child development institutions belonging to the Colombian Institute for Family Wellbeing in Bucaramanga and the metropolitan area (n 384). The outcome variable was excess weight and the main independent variable was parental feeding practices. Confounding variables analysed included sociodemographic characteristics, food consumption, and children’s physical activity. All equipment for the anthropometric measurements was calibrated. Logistic regression was used to predict the effect of parental practices on the excess weight of the children, and the AUC was used to measure performance. The parental practices with the greatest association with excess weight in the children involved using food to control their behaviour and restricting the amount of food they offered (use of food to control emotions (OR 1·77; 95 % CI 1·45, 1·83; P = 0·034) and encouraging children to eat less (OR 1·22; 95 % CI 1·14, 1·89; P = 0·045)). Childrearing practices related to feeding were found to be an important predictor of excess weight in children. The results of this study represent implications for public health considering this as a baseline for the design of nutrition education interventions focused on parents of preschoolers.
Vitamin C improves healing of foot ulcers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Gunton Jenny E. , Girgis Christian M. , Lau Timothea , Vicaretti Mauro , Begg Lindy , Flood Victoria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChronic foot ulcers are associated with a high risk of osteomyelitis, poor quality of life, amputations and disability. Few strategies improve their healing, and amputation rates in high-risk foot services are usually over 30 %. We conducted a randomised, inactive-placebo controlled, double-blind trial of 500 mg of slow-release vitamin C in sixteen people with foot ulcers in the Foot Wound Clinic at Westmead Hospital. Nine were randomised to control and seven to vitamin C. When serum vitamin C results become available at 4 weeks, all people with deficiency were offered both vitamin C and glucosamine tablets for the next 4 weeks. Patients without baseline deficiency continued their original assigned treatment. The primary outcome was percentage ulcer healing (reduction in ulcer size) at 8 weeks. Fifty percentage of subjects had baseline vitamin C deficiency, half having undetectable levels. Healing at 8 weeks was significantly better in the vitamin C group (median 100 v. –14 %, P = 0·041). Healing without amputation occurred in all patients in the vitamin C group. In contrast, 44 % of controls had not healed their ulcer at the end of the study period. Vitamin C improved healing of foot ulcers. Further studies are needed to determine whether there is a threshold effect for serum vitamin C above which therapy is ineffective and whether there are better or lesser responding subgroups. Because of its low cost and ease of access and administration, we recommend offering vitamin C therapy to all people who have chronic foot ulcers and potentially suboptimal vitamin C intake. Trial registration number: ACTRN12617001142325.
Ethical implications of coronavirus disease 2019 for ENT surgeons – a discussion
Authors: Leonard C G 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 has had a dramatic effect on society and healthcare. Preparations were based on predictive models of need, and with uncertainty regarding risk to patients and healthcare workers. Actions taken had both immediate and ongoing ethical impacts. The most obvious of these was the shift in duty of care from individual patients to public health centred ethics and decision making.RelevanceIn ENT, many procedures are aerosol-generating and so our capacity to provide care will remain significantly reduced. This reduction in capacity may result in difficult choices for patients when optimal care may be replaced by acceptable care. ENT surgeons may also be faced with unaccustomed paternalism when capacity prevents them from acting within the patients’ wishes.ConclusionDespite these challenges, the novel uses of technology highlight the desire to preserve and enhance the autonomy of our patients.
Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on urgent referrals to secondary care otolaryngology: a prospective case series
Authors: Osborne M S , Bentley E , Farrow A , Chan J , Murphy J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveAs the novel coronavirus disease 2019 changed patient presentation, this study aimed to prospectively identify these changes in a single ENT centre.DesignA seven-week prospective case series was conducted of urgently referred patients from primary care and accident and emergency department.ResultsThere was a total of 133 referrals. Referral rates fell by 93 per cent over seven weeks, from a mean of 5.4 to 0.4 per day. Reductions were seen in referrals from both primary care (89 per cent) and the accident and emergency department (93 per cent). Presentations of otitis externa and epistaxis fell by 83 per cent, and presentations of glandular fever, tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess fell by 67 per cent.ConclusionCoronavirus disease 2019 has greatly reduced the number of referrals into secondary care ENT. The cause for this reduction is likely to be due to patients’ increased perceived risk of the virus presence in a medical setting. The impact of this reduction is yet to be ascertained, but will likely result in a substantial increase in emergency pressures once the lockdown is lifted and the general public's perception of the coronavirus disease 2019 risk reduces.
Pathology of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in two model avian hosts
Authors: Fecková Barbora , Djoehana Priyanka , Putnová Barbora , Valašťanová Michaela , Petríková Michaela , Knotek Zdeněk , Modrý David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAngiostrongylus cantonensis causes severe neurological disorders in a wide range of warm-blooded animals, including several avian species. A laboratory isolate of A. cantonensis originating from French Polynesia, genotyped as clade 2, was used to assess the effect of experimental infection in chicken and Japanese quail. Low dose groups of birds were infected orally by 100 L3 larvae, high dose groups by 1500 L3 larvae and the birds in the third group were fed three infected snails, mimicking a natural infection. Clinical signs during the first week after infection, haematology, biochemistry, gross lesions and histology findings were used to assess the pathology of the infection. Some of the infected birds showed peripheral eosinophilia, while mild neurological signs were seen in others. No larvae were observed in serial sections of the central nervous system of infected birds 1 week after infection and no major gross lesions were observed during necropsy; histopathology did not reveal lesions directly attributable to A. cantonensis infection. Our results suggest that galliform birds are not highly susceptible to A. cantonensis infection and open a question of the importance of Galliformes in endemic areas as natural pest control, lowering the number of hosts carrying the infective larvae.
Context and contact: a comparison of patient and family engagement with early intervention services for psychosis in India and Canada
Authors: Iyer Srividya N. , Malla Ashok , Taksal Aarati , Maraj Anika , Mohan Greeshma , Ramachandran Padmavati , Margolese Howard C. , Schmitz Norbert , Joober Ridha , Rangaswamy Thara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown whether patient disengagement from early intervention services for psychosis is as prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like India, as it is in high-income countries (HICs). Addressing this gap, we studied two first-episode psychosis programs in Montreal, Canada and Chennai, India. We hypothesized lower service disengagement among patients and higher engagement among families in Chennai, and that family engagement would mediate cross-site differences in patient disengagement.MethodsSites were compared on their 2-year patient disengagement and family engagement rates conducting time-to-event analyses and independent samples t tests on monthly contact data. Along with site and family involvement, Cox proportional hazards regression included known predictors of patient disengagement (e.g. gender).ResultsThe study included data about 333 patients (165 in Montreal, 168 in Chennai) and their family members (156 in Montreal, 168 in Chennai). More Montreal patients (19%) disengaged before 24 months than Chennai patients (1%), χ2(1, N = 333) = 28.87, p < 0.001. Chennai families had more contact with clinicians throughout treatment (Cohen's d = −1.28). Family contact significantly predicted patient disengagement in Montreal (HR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.93). Unlike in Chennai, family contact declined over time in Montreal, with clinicians perceiving such contact as not necessary (Cohen's d = 1.73).ConclusionsThis is the first investigation of early psychosis service engagement across a HIC and an LMIC. Patient and family engagement was strikingly higher in Chennai. Maintaining family contact may benefit patient engagement, irrespective of context. Findings also suggest that differential service utilization may underpin cross-cultural variations in psychosis outcomes.
Les juridictions traditionnelles et la justice pénale internationale
Authors: Manirakiza Pacifique 
Published: September 2020

Sommaire
L’ampleur de la criminalité internationale et de l’impunité qui en résulte exige que la communauté internationale développe de nouvelles stratégies afin de venir à about de ce phénomène. Bien que les juridictions pénales internationales soient souvent présentées comme une panacée, force est de constater que les juridictions étatiques interviennent pour leur prêter main forte dans la lutte contre l’impunité. Cet article se propose d’analyser l’opportunité de l’intervention des juridictions étatiques traditionnelles ou communautaires dans l’administration de la justice pénale internationale. Après avoir établi que leur intervention trouve des assises en droit international, l’auteur conclut que les juridictions traditionnelles ne sont pas juridiquement ni logistiquement outillées pour réprimer les crimes internationaux les plus graves. Néanmoins, dans les Etats où des violences massives ont eu lieu impliquant la participation de la population, l’auteur estime que celle-ci ainsi que les institutions populaires existantes peuvent être associées dans le règlement judiciaire de la crise afin de mieux définir de nouvelles bases de cohabitation sociale. L’implication judiciaire des institutions traditionnelles est envisageable à deux niveaux: la répression des infractions mineures, en l’occurrence celles contre les propriétés, qui sont commises à l’occasion de la perpétration des crimes odieux qui offensent la conscience de toute l’humanité d’une part, et, d’autrepart, l’implication des juges-citoyens comme jurés dans le cadre des procès pour crimes internationaux proprement dits. La population quant à elle peut être appelée à jouer un rôle de premier plan dans la recherche de la vérité historique et dans la manifestation de la vérité judiciaire.
Law and contestation in international negotiations
Authors: Rapp Kyle 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhat is the role of rhetoric and argumentation in international relations? Some argue that it is little more than ‘cheap talk’, while others say that it may play a role in persuasion or coordination. However, why states deploy certain arguments, and why these arguments succeed or fail, is less well understood. I argue that, in international negotiations, certain types of legal frames are particularly useful for creating winning arguments. When a state bases its arguments on constitutive legal claims, opponents are more likely to become trapped by the law: unable to develop sustainable rebuttals or advance their preferred policy. To evaluate this theory, I apply qualitative discourse analysis to the US arguments on the crime of aggression at the Kampala Review Conference of the International Criminal Court – where the US advanced numerous arguments intended to reshape the crime to align with US interests. The analysis supports the theoretical propositions – arguments framed on codified legal grounds had greater success, while arguments framed on more political grounds were less sustainable, failing to achieve the desired outcomes. These findings further develop our understanding of the use of international law in rhetoric, argumentation, and negotiation.
Universalizing and the we: endogenous game theoretic deontology
Authors: Studtmann Paul , Gouri Suresh Shyam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Nash counterfactual considers the question: what would happen were I to change my behaviour assuming no one else does. By contrast, the Kantian counterfactual considers the question: what would happen were everyone to deviate from some behaviour. We present a model that endogenizes the decision to engage in this type of Kantian reasoning. Autonomous agents using this moral framework receive psychic payoffs equivalent to the cooperate-cooperate payoff in Prisoner’s Dilemma regardless of the other player’s action. Moreover, if both interacting agents play Prisoner’s Dilemma using this moral framework, their material outcomes are a Pareto improvement over the Nash equilibrium.
Assessing the capacity of Ghana to introduce health technology assessment: a systematic review of economic evaluations conducted in Ghana
Authors: Addo Rebecca , Goodall Stephen , Hall Jane , Haas Marion 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesGhana is in the process of formally introducing health technology assessment (HTA) for health decision making. Similar to other low- and middle-income countries, evidence suggests that the lack of data and human capacity is a major barrier to the conduct and use of HTA. This study assessed the current human and data capacity available in Ghana to undertake HTA.MethodsAs economic evaluation (EE) forms an integral part of HTA, a systematic review of EE studies undertaken in Ghana was conducted to identify the quality and number of studies available, methods and source of data used, and local persons involved. The literature search was undertaken in EMBASE (including MEDLINE), PUBMED, and Google Scholar. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Consolidated Health Economics Evaluation Reporting Standards. The number of local Ghanaians who contributed to authorship were used as a proxy for assessing human capacity for HTA.ResultsThirty-one studies were included in the final review. Overall, studies were of good quality. Studies derived their effectiveness, resource utilization and cost data mainly from Ghana. The most common source of cost data was from the National Health Insurance Scheme pricing list for medicines and tariffs. Effectiveness data were mostly derived from either single study or intervention programs. Sixty out of 199 authors were Ghanaians (30 percent); these authors were mostly involved in data collection and study conceptualization.ConclusionsHuman capacity for HTA in Ghana is limited. To introduce HTA successfully in Ghana, policy makers would need to develop more local capacity to undertake Ghanaian-specific HTA.
Scoping Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Fall Risk Screening and Assessment in Older Adults across the Care Continuum
Authors: Williams-Roberts Hazel , Arnold Catherine , Kemp Daphne , Crizzle Alexander , Johnson Shanthi 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTGiven the rising numbers of older adults in Canada experiencing falls, evidence-based identification of fall risks and plans for prevention across the continuum of care is a significant priority for health care providers. A scoping review was conducted to synthesize published international clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and recommendations for fall risk screening and assessment in older adults (defined as 65 years of age and older). Of the 22 CPGs, 6 pertained to multiple settings, 9 pertained to community-dwelling older adults only, 2 each pertained to acute care and long-term care settings only, and 3 did not specify setting. Two criteria, prior fall history and gait and balance abnormalities, were applied either independently or sequentially in 19 CPG fall risk screening algorithms. Fall risk assessment components were more varied across CPGs but commonly included: detailed fall history; detailed evaluation of gait, balance, and/or mobility; medication review; vision; and environmental hazards assessment. Despite these similarities, more work is needed to streamline assessment approaches for heterogeneous and complex older adult populations across the care continuum. Support is also needed for sustainable implementation of CPGs in order to improve health outcomes.
Social Participation in Long-term Residential Care: Case Studies from Canada, Norway, and Germany
Authors: Lowndes Ruth , Struthers James , Ågotnes Gudmund 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTMeaningful social engagement in everyday activities can enhance resident quality of life in nursing homes. In this article, we draw on data collected in a multidisciplinary, international study exploring promising practices in long-term care homes across Canada, Norway, and Germany, to investigate conditions that either allow for or create barriers to residents’ social participation. Within a feminist political economy framework using a team-based rapid ethnography approach, observations and in-depth interviews were conducted with management, staff, volunteers, students, families, and residents. We argue that the conditions of work are the conditions of care. Such conditions as care home location, building layout, staffing levels, and work organization, as well as governing regulations, influence if and how residents can and do engage in meaningful everyday social life in/outside the nursing home. The presence of promising conditions that facilitate resident social participation, particularly those promoting flexibility and choice for residents, directly impacts their overall health and well-being.
Clinical presentation of asymptomatic and symptomatic women who tested positive for genital gonorrhoea at a sexual health service in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Martín-Sánchez Mario , Fairley Christopher K. , Ong Jason J. , Maddaford Kate , Chen Marcus Y. , Williamson Deborah A. , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Chow Eric P.F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGonorrhoea cases in women have been rising in Australia in the 2010s but the cause of the increase is not well understood. This cross-sectional study aimed to describe the characteristics of genital gonorrhoea infection in women attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Australia. Gonorrhoea cases were diagnosed by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) and/or culture. Genitourinary specimens were obtained in 12 869 clinic visits in women aged 16 years or above between August 2017 and August 2018. Genital gonorrhoea was detected in 142 (1.1%) of the visits. Almost half of the cases were asymptomatic, 47.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 39.8–56.1%]; yellow, green or pus-like vaginal discharge was present in 11.3% (95% CI 7.0–17.6%) and other genital symptoms in 40.8% (95% CI 33.1–49.1%) of the cases. The mean time between last sexual contact and onset of symptoms was 7.3 days and between the onset of symptoms to presentation to the clinic was 12.1 days. Half of the cases of genital gonorrhoea among women are asymptomatic and these cases would have been missed by testing of only symptomatic women. Further epidemiological and behavioural research is required to understand the temporal changes in sexual practices among women in Australia.