bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chandra Observations of the Newly Discovered Magnetar Swift J1818.0–1607
Authors: Blumer Harsha , Safi-Harb Samar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Swift J1818.0–1607 is a new radio-loud magnetar discovered by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope on 2020 March 12. It has a magnetic field B ∼ 2.5 × 1014 G, spin-down luminosity

∼ 7.2 × 1035 erg s−1, and characteristic age τ

c
∼ 470 yr. Here we report on the Chandra observations of Swift J1818.0–1607, which allowed for a high-resolution imaging and spectroscopic study of the magnetar and its environment. The 1–10 keV spectrum of the magnetar is best described by a single blackbody model with a temperature of 1.2 ± 0.1 keV and an unabsorbed flux of 1.9−0.3
+0.4 × 10−11 erg cm−2 s−1. This implies an X-ray luminosity of 9.6−1.5
+2.0×1034 d
6.5
2 erg s−1 and efficiency of

∼ 0.13 d
6.5
2 at a distance of 6.5 kpc. The Chandra image also shows faint diffuse emission out to

from the magnetar, with its spectrum adequately described by a power law with a photon index of 2.0 ± 0.5 and a luminosity of ∼8.1 × 1033

erg s−1. The extended emission is likely dominated by a dust-scattering halo and future observations of the source in quiescence will reveal any underlying compact wind nebula. We conclude that Swift J1818.0–1607 is a transient source showing properties between high-B pulsars and magnetars, and could be powered at least partly by its high spin-down, similar to rotation-powered pulsars.
P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS): An Active Centaur in Imminent Transition to the Jupiter Family
Authors: Steckloff J. K. , Sarid G. , Volk K. , Kareta T. , Womack M. , Harris W. , Woodney L. , Schambeau C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The recently discovered object P/2019 LD2 (by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System) was initially thought to be a Jupiter Trojan asteroid, until dynamical studies and the appearance of persistent cometary activity revealed that this object is actually an active Centaur. However, the dynamical history, thermal environment, and impact of such environments on the activity of 2019 LD2 are poorly understood. Here we conduct dynamical simulations to constrain its orbital history and resulting thermal environment over the past 3000 yr. We find that 2019 LD2 is currently in the vicinity of a dynamical “Gateway” that facilitates the majority of transitions from the Centaur population into the Jupiter Family of Comets (JFC population). Our calculations show that it is unlikely to have spent significant amounts of time in the inner solar system, suggesting that its nucleus is relatively pristine in terms of physical, chemical, and thermal processing through its history. This could explain its relatively high level of distant activity as a recently activated primordial body. Finally, we find that the median frequency of transition from the Gateway population into the JFC population varies from once every ∼3 yr to less than once every 70 yr, if 2019 LD2's nucleus is ∼1 km in radius or greater than 3 km in radius. Forward modeling of 2019 LD2 shows that it will transition into the JFC population in 2063, representing the first known opportunity to observe the evolution of an active Centaur nucleus as it experiences this population-defining transition.
Genèse de l’État mandataire
Authors: Mizrahi Jean-David 
Published: November 2020

« Zone tribale du Nord-Yémen », « zone tribale de l’Ouest pakistanais », voilà bien des expressions qui reviennent dans l’actualité pour désigner des régions de confins farouchement réfractaires à l’imposition d’un nouvel ordre politique. Dès la fin du XIXe et au début du XXe siècle, les États européens, emportés dans leur mouvement d’expansion outre-mer, vinrent buter, en périphérie, sur ce type d’espace en quelque sorte interstitiel des relations internationales contemporaines. Dans ces zones où les agents traditionnels de la vie diplomatique pénétraient peu, ou mal, une expertise particulière, celle du renseignement et des agences de sécurité, parut s’imposer. Lorsque la France coloniale s’implante en Syrie et au Liban, au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale, elle doit précisément faire face à ce type de résistance, où se combinent turbulences tribales, désordres sociaux et effervescence identitaire. La lutte qui s’engage alors entre bandes armées locales d’une part, et Service des Renseignements de l’armée française de l’autre, dépasse, et de loin, le face-à-face purement martial, mais renvoie à un choc des violences, sociale et guerrière d’un côté, étatique et militaire de l’autre, dont il n’est pas sûr que la leçon ne vaille qu’au passé.
L’UNESCO oubliée
Authors: Renoliet Jean-Jacques 
Published: November 2020

La faillite politique de la SDN ne doit pas faire oublier son action dans bon nombre de domaines techniques, souvent poursuivie après 1945 par des organismes dépendant de l’ONU. Ainsi, dans le domaine de la coopération intellectuelle, l’UNESCO a pris le relais de l’Organisation de Coopération Intellectuelle (OCI), qui a fonctionné de 1922 à 1946 et dont l’élément moteur a été l’Institut International de Coopération Intellectuelle (IICI). Ce dernier, malgré ses défauts - notamment son caractère élitiste - a été un véritable laboratoire de la coopération culturelle en vue de favoriser l’activité des intellectuels et la diffusion d’une conscience universelle et pacifiste. La présente étude retrace l’histoire de l’OCI de 1919 à 1946 et tente d’établir un bilan de l’action de l’IICI tout en rendant compte du fonctionnement d’une organisation internationale dans l’entre-deux-guerres, notamment dans ses rapports avec les États et en particulier avec la France, qui a été à l’origine de l’IICI et qui l’a hébergé à Paris de 1926 à 1946.
Network pharmacology-based analysis of effective components and mechanism of Rhizoma coptidis in treating diabetes
Authors: Zeng Qian-Qian , Cai Jia-Wei , Xu Yue , Li Lin , Chen Qiu , Yue Ren-Song 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To identify the active ingredients, potential targets, and mechanism of Rhizoma coptidis by bioinformatics method, and to explore the hypoglycemic effect of Rhizoma coptidis by in vitro experiments.

Methods:
The chemical components of Rhizoma coptidis were collected through database search, and oral bioavailability and drug-likeness were used for preliminary screening. The targets of Rhizoma coptidis and diabetes-related targets were collected by database retrieval and reverse docking techniques, and the biological process of cross-set proteins was analyzed. The inhibitory effects of Rhizoma coptidis on α-glucosidase, α-amylase activity, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were determined via in vitro experiments. In addition, the effects of Rhizoma coptidis on pre-adipocyte differentiation, absorption of glucose by adipocytes, and the level of intracellular triglyceride were investigated using the adipocyte differentiation model.

Results:
There were 11 potentially active ingredients in Rhizoma coptidis. IL-6, caspase-3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), MYC, and estrogen receptor 1 were considered as the key genes. The bioinformatics analysis showed that Rhizoma coptidis played an anti-diabetic role mainly via biological processes and signaling pathways including hormone receptor activity, glutathione binding, steroid binding, etc. In vitro experiments showed that the extract of Rhizoma coptidis inhibited the activities of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and the generation of AGEs; meanwhile, the extract promoted the absorption of glucose by adipocytes. In addition, the extract of Rhizoma coptidis decreased triglyceride level.

Conclusions:
Our network pharmacology and in vitro experiments demonstrate the anti-diabetic effects and possible underlying mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis extract.
The new norm in the management of COVID-19 positives: home-based care
Authors: Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen , Oguntoye Abolanle Adesile , Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika 
Published: November 2020

Background: The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has disrupted health systems globally and locally. The increasing number of COVID-19 positives has overwhelmed healthcare facilities and health workers. Home-based care (HBC) is a new norm in the management of COVID-19 positives. We aimed to give insight into the HBC of COVID-19 positives in Nigeria.
Methods: We conducted a descriptive review of the existing literature and summarized the authors' opinions regarding HBC in Nigeria.
Results: HBC has increasingly gained recognition for the management of COVID-19 positives. The HBC of COVID-19 positives provides the opportunity for patient management under an atmosphere of emotional, physical, and spiritual fulfillment as required for quick recovery. Guidelines have been developed for HBC of COVID-19 positives; however, negligence to these measures has been noted.
Conclusion: To ensure compliance and harness HBC's benefits, community leaders, religious organizations, civil-based organizations, and opinion leaders should be actively involved in HBC activities. Also, enforcement authorities such as the Civil Defence Corps could help to improve adherence to HBC restrictions.
Dampak Kawasan dan Status Negara Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Negara-Negara Terdampak Covid-19
Authors: Junaedi Dedi , Salistia Faisal 
Published: November 2020

Faisal Salistia
IAI Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor
faisalsalistia@laaroiba.ac.id

ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has had multi-sectoral impacts, including disrupting the economic growth of many countries. This study aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, fiscal capability as well as regional differences and country status on the economic growth of the affected countries. The method used is a quantitative method with a saturated sample of 135 countries, and a regression analysis approach with dummy variables. The results showed that the variables of pandemic cases, exposure time, population, regional differences and country status differences affected the economic growth of the affected countries (R2 0.6373). If the pandemic is under control and there is no disparity in management between regions and between countries, then global economic growth has the potential to be positive at 0.18%. If state spending is increased, it has the potential to reduce the impact of economic contraction by 0.27%. The management of the pandemic in the Asian, American and African regions is significantly different from that in the Australian region. Poor countries are different from developed countries, but not different from middle-income countries, in managing pandemics in their regions. In relative terms, the impact of the pandemic in Asia, America and Africa is heavier than other regions.
The Metaphysics of Identity
Authors: Nechaev Aleksei 
Published: November 2020

The paper proposes an approach to solving identity problems from the perspective of scientific philosophical materialism, whereby identity is defined as an objective social phenomenon independent of the individual’s ability for categorization. Human being is studied in his/her action content as a social being that is ontologically divided in its essence and existence. Overcoming this alienation through adequate action provides the basis for identity formation in a social individual.
Long-term field experiments in Germany: classification and spatial representation
Authors: Grosse Meike , Hierold Wilfried , Ahlborn Marlen C. , Piepho Hans-Peter , Helming Katharina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The collective analysis of long-term field experiments (LTFEs), here defined as agricultural
experiments with a minimum duration of 20 years and research in the context of sustainable
soil use and yield, can be used for detecting changes in soil properties and yield such as those induced
by climate change. However, information about existing LTFEs is scattered, and the research data
are not easily accessible. In this study, meta-information on LTFEs in Germany is compiled and
their spatial representation is analyzed. The study is conducted within the framework of the
BonaRes project, which, inter alia, has established a central access point for LTFE information
and research data. A total of 205 LTFEs which fit to the definition above are identified. Of these,
140 LTFEs are ongoing. The land use in 168 LTFEs is arable field crops, in 34 trials grassland, in
2 trials vegetables and in 1 trial pomiculture. Field crop LTFEs are categorized into
fertilization (n=158), tillage (n=38) and crop rotation (n=32; multiple nominations
possible) experiments, while all grassland experiments (n=34) deal with fertilization. The
spatial representation is analyzed according to the climatic water balance of the growing season
(1 May to 31 October) (CWBg), the Müncheberg Soil Quality Rating (MSQR) and clay content. The
results show that, in general, the LTFEs well represent the area shares of both the CWBg and the
MSQR classes. Eighty-nine percent of the arable land and 65 % of the grassland in Germany are covered by
the three driest CWBg classes, hosting 89 % and 71 % of the arable and grassland LTFEs,
respectively. LTFEs cover all six MSQR classes but with a bias towards the high and very high
soil quality classes. LTFEs on arable land are present in all clay content classes according to
the European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC) but with a bias towards the clay content class 4. Grassland LTFEs show a bias towards
the clay content classes 5, 6 and 7, while well representing the other clay content classes,
except clay content class 3, where grassland LTFEs are completely missing. The results confirm
the very high potential of LTFE data for spatially differentiated analyses and modeling.
However, reuse is restricted by the difficult access to LTFE research data. The common database
is an important step in overcoming this restriction.
La línea in/visible. La frontera, territorio de experiencia
Authors: Alonso Riveiro Mónica , Ferreira Susana 
Published: November 2020

En los últimos años los estudios de frontera han desarrollado el concepto de fronterización (bordering) que describe las fronteras no como topografías inmutables sino como procesos; invitándonos a pensar en ellas «más allá de la línea» y mostrando los espacios fronterizos como lugares cambiantes, siempre en construcción.
En paralelo, la cartografía crítica y las prácticas artísticas desarrollan representaciones en que estos espacios fronterizos revelan un idéntico carácter dinámico, fluido o vacilante.
Partiendo de la doble óptica de los estudios de frontera y los estudios visuales, y a través de un recorrido visual por diferentes representaciones de la frontera, el presente texto tratará de desmontar algunas ideas preconcebidas sobre ellas, cuestionar su visibilidad e invisibilidad, explorar su carácter dinámico, o vacilante y, ante todo, reflexionar sobre los múltiples modos en que éstas determinan la vida de los individuos y las huellas que dejan en ellos, en sus imágenes y por tanto en su (nuestra) memoria.
Se trata de hacer visible una nueva cartografía alternativa, en que la fotografía doméstica se intrinca con las prácticas artísticas y donde los espacios fronterizos no son sólo lugares de dominación sino de reconstrucción, de potencialidad, a partir de los cuales asumir la propia condición y, a partir de ella, reconfigurar lo real.
Retos de la educación rural frente al cambio climático: Una pedagogía desde la regeneración de la biodiversidad y los recursos hídricos.
Authors: Carvajal-Rodríguez Julio César , Núñez Rodríguez José de Jesús 
Published: November 2020

Los retos que impone el cambio climático a la educación rural frente a los impactos negativos en la biodiversidad y las cuencas hídricas que alimentan el rio Pamplonita principal afluente del acueducto del área metropolitana de Cúcuta, exige la participación de todos los actores sociales rurales. El estudio realizado entre los años 2019 y 2020, requirió de las siguientes acciones: a) Una reconstrucción de los saberes rurales locales relacionados con la interacción con el medio ambiente. b) Indagar los imaginarios campesinos en torno al rio y al agua como fuentes de vida y de biodiversidad. c) Sistematizar las prácticas culturales de protección y cuidado de las fuentes hídricas de la comunidad. d) Resignificar, desde la perspectiva de los actores locales una pedagogía para la regeneración de las cuencas hídricas y la biodiversidad en los afluentes del rio Pamplonita. Se tomó como población los habitantes asentados alrededor de seis (6) afluentes que alimentan el rio Pamplonita en el Municipio de Bochalema. El trabajo de investigación se abordó desde la hermenéutica de los espacios al seleccionar a veinticinco (25) pobladores, a quienes se le aplicó una entrevista a profundidad y visita sus predios rurales para caracterizar los recursos hídricos y la biodiversidad in situ. Los resultados de la investigación permitirán obtener nuevo conocimiento, útil para el diseño de estrategias pedagógicas que ayuden a la conservación de la biodiversidad y las fuentes hídricas, frente a los efectos del cambio climático.
Caracterización productiva del aguacate (Persea americana Mill.) en la zona de alta montaña Veracruz, México
Authors: Nataren Velazquez Jeremias , Del Ángel Pérez Ana Lid , Megchún-García Juan Valente , Ramírez Herrera Eréndira , Meneses Márquez Isaac 
Published: November 2020

México es uno los países con mayor producción de aguacate en el mundo y la variedad mayormente plantada es la Hass, además que Michoacán, México figura como el principal productor de aguacate con un 80% seguido de otros estados como Jalisco, estado de México. En Veracruz existe una superficie plantada en la parte central del estado que necesita ser caracterizado. El objetivo de esta investigación es tipificar la zona productora de aguacate en la zona de alta montaña de Veracruz, México. La zona de productora de aguacate en la región de altas montañas, Veracruz, México, está integrado por los municipios de Alpatlahua, Calcahualco, Coscomatepex e Ixhuatlan del café, lugar donde se aplicó una encuesta entrevistando a productores a través de una entrevista con el instrumento denominada como cuestionario semiestructurado con preguntas abiertas y cerradas; se realizó el análisis de la información de manera sistemática con análisis descriptivo y multivariado de componentes y correspondencia, además, para algunas variables se realizó análisis paramétrico y no paramétricos de los datos. Los resultados obtenidos agrupan a productores pequeños, con el 80% de hombres y el resto integrados por mujeres; la mayoría de los productores saben leer y escribir, también se observó que se dedican a otras actividades diferentes al cultivo de aguacate. El productor aguacatero posee conocimiento tácito en el manejo del cultivo desde la etapa plantación hasta la producción del cultivo. Los productores poseen experiencia en el manejo de otros cultivos, esto es porque tiene la finalidad de obtener otros ingresos adicionales.
Os registros civis em meio à pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil: Releituras
Authors: Lehmkuhl Camila Schwinden , Silva Eva Cristina Leite da 
Published: November 2020

Introdução: O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar os registros civis como fonte de informação para pesquisas relacionadas à COVID-19 no Brasil, contrastando-os com o que é apresentado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Os objetivos específicos são a) apresentar as alterações legislativas aplicadas aos registros civis em meio à pandemia por COVID-19 no Brasil; b) expor e contrapor os dados apresentados pelos registros civis do Brasil e pelo Ministério da Saúde; c) refletir a respeito das diferenças observadas entre os dados coletados. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa em que se adota o método documental. Resultados: verifica-se um possível subdiagnóstico e subregistro de óbitos por COVID-19 no Brasil. Conclusão: os dados de registro civil podem ser fontes de informação para pesquisas diversas sobre a COVID-19 no Brasil, agora e no futuro.
Factors Responsible for Late Presentation of STEMI Patients in our Population
Authors: Shah Ghulam Fareed , Memon Shahid Hussain , Shaikh Anwar Ali , Memon Abdul Ghaffar , Kumar Jagdesh , Almas Tabassum 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To determine the reasoning factors responsible for late presentation of ST elevation myocardial infarction patients at tertiary care Hospital.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study took place at cardiology department of Liaquat University of medical and health sciences. Study duration was 6 months from June 2018 to November 2018. All the patients those were diagnosed as ST elevation myocardial infarction, reached delayed in Hospital and either of gender were included. Patients or their attendant were interviewed regarding demographic information including reasons of delayed reaching in Hospital. All the information was collected via self-made proforma. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20.
Results: Total 64 patients were interviewed to assess the reasons of late arrival. Patients mean age was 55.90+12.88 years. Males were commonest 51(79.7%). Most of the cases 44(68.8%) were illiterate. According to the pain arising time most of the patients 84.4% reached after 24 hours. Most common reasons which were responsible for late arrival were lack of medical knowledge and late referral by local health care facilities; followed by 10.9% patients had financial issues, 12.5% due to negligence and 09.4% reached late due to unavailability of resources.
Conclusion: In these study causes of delayed arrival were lack of medical knowledge and late referral followed by financial problems, negligence and unavailability of resources.
Similar Impact of Psoriatic Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis on Objective and Subjective Parameters of Hand Function
Authors: Liphardt Anna‐Maria , Manger Eva , Liehr Sonja , Bieniek Lisa , Kleyer Arnd , Simon David , Tascilar Koray , Sticherling Michael , Rech Jürgen , Schett Georg , Hueber Axel J. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the impact of psoriatic disease (psoriatic arthritis [PsA] and psoriasis) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on objective and subjective parameters of hand function.MethodsHand function was determined in this cross‐sectional study by 1) vigorimetric grip strength, 2) the Moberg Picking‐Up Test used for assessing fine‐motor skills, and 3) self‐reported hand function (Michigan Hand Questionnaire). Mixed‐effects linear regression models were used to test the relation of hand function with disease group, age, and sex.ResultsTwo hundred ninety‐nine subjects were tested, 101 with RA, 92 with PsA, and 106 nonarthritic controls (51 with psoriasis and 55 healthy controls [HCs]). Regression analysis showed that hand function was influenced by age, sex, disease group, and hand dominance (P < 0.001 for all). The impact of PsA and RA on hand function was comparable and generally more pronounced in women. Both PsA and RA led to significantly enhanced age‐related loss of grip strength, fine‐motor skills, and self‐reported hand function in patients with PsA and RA compared with HCs. In addition, patients with psoriasis showed significant impairment of hand function compared with HCs.ConclusionRA and PsA have a comparable impact on the decline of strength, fine‐motor skills, and self‐reported function of the hand. Unexpectedly, patients with psoriasis also show impaired hand function that follows a similar pattern as observed in patients with PsA.