bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment patterns of drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study using a Japanese hospital database
Authors: Morita Yohei , Murayama Hiroki , Odawara Masato , Bauer Melissa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Guidelines for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management in Japan provide physicians the discretion to select treatment options based on patient pathophysiology of the disease. There exists a wide variation of preference for initial antidiabetes drugs (AD). The current database analysis aimed to understand the real world treatment patterns in drug-naive patients with T2DM in Japan.

Methods
We analyzed data of patients (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with T2DM between October 2012 and September 2016 from the Medical Data Vision, a Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. The primary objective was to determine the proportion of T2DM patients receiving each type of treatment as first-line therapy among the drug-naive cohort.

Results
Of the 436,546 drug-naive patients, 224,761 received their first-line T2DM treatment in the outpatient setting. The mean age of the patient population was 65.6 years at index date. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor was the most prescribed (56.8%) outpatient AD monotherapy, followed by metformin (15.4%). DPP-4 inhibitors were prescribed over metformin in patients with renal disease (odds ratio [OR]: 4.20; p < 0.0001), coronary heart disease and stroke (OR: 2.22; p < 0.0001). Male (OR: 1.03; p = 0.0026), presence of diabetic complications [retinopathy (OR: 1.33; p < 0.0001), neuropathy (OR: 1.05; p = 0.0037), nephropathy (OR: 1.08; p < 0.0001)] and a high baseline HbA1c (OR: 1.45; p < 0.0001) received treatment intensification during 180 days.

Conclusion
DPP-4 inhibitors were the most prevalent first-line T2DM treatment followed by metformin in Japan. The findings from this retrospective analysis also support the previously published web survey results and can help understand the real world utilization of T2DM treatment.
Trial registration Retrospectively registered
Occurrence of Escherichia coli and faecal coliforms in drinking water at source and household point-of-use in Rohingya camps, Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Zahid Hayat , Islam Md Shafiqul , Imran Khan Mohammad , Hakim Syed Adnan Ibna , Worth Martin , Ahmed Alvee , Hossan Shanewaz , Haider Maliha , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Hossain Ferdous , Johnston Dara , Ahmed Niyaz 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Safe water is essential for life but unsafe for human consumption if it is contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. An acceptable quality of water supply (adequate, safe and accessible) must be ensured to all human beings for a healthy life.

Methods
We collected and analyzed a total of 12,650 drinking water samples, for the presence of Escherichia coli and faecal coliforms, from a large habitation of the displaced Rohingya population comprising of about 1.16 million people living within 4 km2.

Results
We found that 28% (n = 893) water samples derived from tubewells were contaminated with faecal coliforms and 10.5% (n = 333) were contaminated with E. coli; also, 73.96% (n = 4644) samples from stored household sources (at point of use—POU) were found contaminated with faecal coliforms while 34.7% (n = 2179) were contaminated with E. coli. It was observed that a higher percentage of POU samples fall in the highest risk category than that of their corresponding sources.

Conclusions
From our findings, it appears that secondary contamination could be a function of very high population density and could possibly occur during collection, transportation, and storage of water due to lack of knowledge of personal and domestic hygiene. Hence, awareness campaign is necessary, and the contaminated sources should be replaced. Further, the POU water should be treated by a suitable method.
Mortality risk of bloodstream infection caused by either Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sianipar Osman , Asmara Widya , Dwiprahasto Iwan , Mulyono Budi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
Several studies reported that infection of extended-spectrum β lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) contributed to higher mortality rates but others found it was not associated with mortality. A prospective cohort study which involved 72 patients was conducted to assess the risk of mortality of bloodstream infection due to ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae or E. coli as compared to those infected by either K. pneumoniae or E. coli which not produce ESBL.

Result
Mortality in the group of patients infected with ESBL-producing bacteria was 30.6%, whereas in another group which was infected with non ESBL-producing bacteria was 22.2% (p = 0.59). Kaplan–Meier’s analysis showed that the survival rate during 14-days follow-up among these two group was not significantly different (p = 0.45) with hazard ratio 1.41 (95% CI  0.568–3.51). Stratification analysis found that adult and elderly patients, patients with sign of leukocytosis, and patients treated with carbapenem were modifier effect variables.
Region-specific glucocorticoid receptor promoter methylation has both positive and negative prognostic value in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Snider Hilary , Villavarajan Brithica , Peng Yingwei , Shepherd Lois E. , Robinson Andrew C. , Mueller Christopher R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1, GR) is frequently downregulated in breast tumors, and evidence suggests it acts as a tumor suppressor in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. We previously found that methylation of the GR promoter CpG island represses gene expression and occurs in ER+ breast tumors. In this study, the prognostic and predictive value of GR methylation was examined in ER+ patients from the CCTG MA.12 clinical trial of tamoxifen versus placebo in women with early breast cancer.

Methods
We developed a targeted multiplex bisulfite next-generation sequencing assay to detect methylation at multiple GR promoter regions in DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Following validation in a small cohort of breast tumors, ER+ FFPE tumor samples from MA.12 (n = 208) were tested. Survival analyses evaluated the impact of GR promoter methylation on patient overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results
An analysis of TCGA data found that GR methylation is prevalent in ER+ tumors and is associated with decreased gene expression and analysis of public microarray data (KM Plotter) linked decreased GR expression to a poor outcome. In MA.12, two GR promoter regions (U and C) each had prognostic value, but with opposite effects on the outcome. U methylation was associated with poor OS (HR = 1.79, P = 0.041) whereas C methylation was associated with better OS (HR = 0.40, P = 0.040) and DFS (HR = 0.49, P = 0.037). The classification of patients based on the methylation status of the two regions was prognostic for OS (P = 0.006) and DFS (P = 0.041) and revealed a group of patients (U methylated, C unmethylated) with very poor outcomes. Placebo-treated patients in this high-risk group had worse OS (HR = 2.86, P = 0.002) and DFS (HR = 2.09, P = 0.014) compared to the rest of the cohort.

Conclusion
Region-specific GR promoter methylation was an independent prognostic marker for patient survival and identified a subset of patients with poor prognosis, particularly without tamoxifen treatment. These findings provide a foundation for future studies into GR methylation as a promising prognostic biomarker in ER+ breast cancer.
Regularized super-resolution restoration algorithm for single medical image based on fuzzy similarity fusion
Authors: Li Xingying , Fu Weina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Medical images are blurred and noised due to various reasons in the acquirement, transmission and storage. In order to improve the restoration quality of medical images, a regular super-resolution restoration algorithm based on fuzzy similarity fusion is proposed. Based on maintained similarity in multiple scales, the fused similarity of the medical images is computed by fuzzy similarity fusion. First, fuzzy similarity is determined by the regional features. The images with certain similarity are obtained according to the maximum value, and the fused image is obtained by all obvious regional features. Then, an adaptive regularized restoration algorithm is employed. In order to ensure the objective function has a global optimal solution, regularized parameters of the global minimum solution of nonlinear function are solved iteratively. Finally, experimental results show that mean square error (MSE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the restored image are visibly improved. The restored image also has an obvious improvement in the burr of local edge. Moreover, the algorithm has good stability with significantly enhanced PSNR.
Hartman–Wintner type inequalities for a class of fractional BVPs with higher order
Authors: Harjani Jackie , Sadarangani Kishin , Samet Bessem 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we derive some Hartman–Wintner type inequalities for a certain higher order fractional boundary value problem. As an application of our results, we obtain a lower bound for the eigenvalues of the corresponding fractional operator.
Ordered $S_{p}$-metric spaces and some fixed point theorems for contractive mappings with application to periodic boundary value problems
Authors: Mustafa Z. , Shahkoohi R. J. , Parvaneh V. , Kadelburg Z. , Jaradat M. M. M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the structure of $S_{p}$

S
p

-metric spaces as a generalization of both S-metric and $S_{b}$

S
b

-metric spaces. Also, we present the notions of S̃-contractive mappings in the setup of ordered $S_{p}$

S
p

-metric spaces and investigate the existence of a fixed point for such mappings under various contractive conditions. We provide examples to illustrate the results presented herein. An application to periodic boundary value problems is presented.
Cybersecurity profiles based on human-centric IoT devices
Authors: Nieto Ana , Rios Ruben 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a methodology based on the concept of Human Factors to obtain Cybersecurity profiles. The profiles are determined by a set of parameters that help model the skills of individuals (potential offenders, victims, etc.) during a digital investigation. The definition is flexible enough to allow the cybersecurity profiles to grow when more data is available. A critical part of the solution is the inclusion of personal devices as important elements of the profiles. This is highly relevant as paradigms such as the Internet of Things (IoT) are transforming society, bringing humans closer to their devices than ever before. IoT devices also produce a lot of data, which can be useful to complete cybersecurity profiles and therefore understand the whole context of a digital investigation. Thus, IoT devices are included in the proposed methodology to capitalise on the strong dependence between users and devices during the analysis.
An optimization approach to capacity evaluation and investment decision of hybrid cloud: a corporate customer’s perspective
Authors: Lee In 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile the rapid growth of cloud computing is driven by the surge of big data, the Internet of Things, and social media applications, an evaluation and investment decision for cloud computing has been challenging for corporate managers due to a lack of proper decision models. This paper attempts to identify critical variables for making a cloud capacity decision from a corporate customer’s perspective and develops a base mathematical model to aid in a hybrid cloud investment decision under probabilistic computing demands. The identification of the critical variables provides a means by which a corporate customer can effectively evaluate various cloud capacity investment opportunities. Critical variables included in this model are an actual computing demand, the amount of private cloud capacity purchased, the purchase cost of the private cloud capacity, the price of the public cloud, and the default downtime loss/penalty cost. Extending the base model developed, this paper also takes into consideration the interoperability cost incurred in cloud bursting to the public cloud and derives the optimal investment. The interoperable cloud systems require time and investment by the users and/or cloud providers and there exists a diminishing return on the investment. Hence, the relationship between the interoperable cloud investment and return on investment is also investigated.
Landslide susceptibility assessment using frequency ratio model in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Silalahi Florence Elfriede Sinthauli , Pamela  , Arifianti Yukni , Hidayat Fahrul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Landslides are common natural disasters in Bogor, Indonesia, triggered by a combination of factors including slope aspect, soil type and bedrock lithology, land cover and land use, and hydrologic conditions. In the Bogor area, slopes with volcanic lithologies are more susceptible to failure. GIS mapping and analysis using a Frequency Ratio Model was implemented in this study to assess the contribution of conditioning factors to landslides, and to produce a landslide susceptibility map of the study area. A landslide inventory map was prepared from a database of historic landslides events. In addition, thematic maps (soil, rainfall, land cover, and geology map) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were prepared to examine landslide conditioning factors. A total of 173 landslides points were mapped in the area and randomly subdivided into a training set (70%) with 116 points and test set with 57 points (30%). The relationship between landslides and conditioning factors was statistically evaluated with FR analysis. The result shows that lithology, soil, and land cover are the most important factors generating landslides. FR values were used to produce the Landslide Susceptibility Index (LSI) and the study area was divided into five zones of relative landslide susceptibility. The result of landslide susceptibility from the mid-region area of Bogor to the southern part was categorized as moderate to high landslide susceptibility zones. The results of the analysis have been validated by calculating the Area Under a Curve (AUC), which shows an accuracy of success rate of 90.10% and an accuracy of prediction rate curve of 87.30%, which indicates a high-quality susceptibility map obtained from the FR model.
High-resolution 3D earthquake forecasting beneath the greater Tokyo area
Authors: Ogata Yosihiko , Katsura Koich , Tsuruoka Hiroshi , Hirata Naoshi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We propose an extended 3D space (longitude, latitude, and depth) epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model for seismicity forecasts beneath the greater Tokyo area (the Kanto region), which also takes into account the effects induced by the M9 Tohoku-Oki earthquake of 2011. The model is characterized by a number of 3D location-dependent parameters, such as the background seismicity rates, and the productivity rate induced by the Tohoku earthquake. These allow production of high-resolution predictive mappings in zones where hypocenters are densely populated. The optimally inverted 3D spatial images of the characterizing parameters effectively discriminate seismicity features in the crust and near the plate boundaries. The success of the model is demonstrated using short-, intermediate- and long-term probability forecasts of intermediate and large earthquake occurrences beneath the Kanto region.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome in burn patients: a case series and literature update
Authors: Dadras Mehran , Wagner Johannes M. , Wallner Christoph , Huber Julika , Buchwald Dirk , Strauch Justus , Harati Kamran , Kapalschinski Nicolai , Behr Björn , Lehnhardt Marcus 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has a reported incidence of 34–43% in ventilated burn patients and is associated with a mortality of 59% in the severe form. The use and experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in burn patients developing ARDS are still limited. We present our results and discuss the significance of ECMO in treating burn patients.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of burn patients treated with ECMO for ARDS between January 2017 and January 2019 was performed. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were collected and analyzed.

Results
Eight burn patients were treated at our institution with ECMO in the designated time period. Of these, all but one patient had inhalation injury, burn percentage of TBSA was 37 ± 23%, ABSI score was 8.4 ± 2, and R-Baux-score was 98 ± 21. Seven patients developed severe ARDS and one patient moderate ARDS according to the Berlin classification with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio upon initiation of ECMO therapy of 62 ± 22 mmHg. ECMO duration was 388 ± 283 h. Three patients died from severe sepsis while five patients survived to hospital discharge.

Conclusions
ECMO is a viable therapy option in burn patients developing severe ARDS and can contribute to survival rates similar to ECMO therapy in non-burn-associated severe ARDS. Consequently, patients with severe respiratory insufficiency with unsuccessful conventional treatment and suspected worsening should be transferred to burn units with the possibility of ECMO treatment to improve outcome.
Closed-loop neuromuscular electrical stimulation using feedforward-feedback control and textile electrodes to regulate grasp force in quadriplegia
Authors: Ciancibello John , King Kevin , Meghrazi Milad Alizadeh , Padmanaban Subash , Levy Todd , Ramdeo Richard , Straka Malgorzata , Bouton Chad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation is routinely used in physical rehabilitation and more recently in brain-computer interface applications for restoring movement in paralyzed limbs. Due to variable muscle responses to repeated or sustained stimulation, grasp force levels can change significantly over time. Here we develop and assess closed-loop methods to regulate individual finger forces to facilitate functional movement. We combined this approach with custom textile-based electrodes to form a light-weight, wearable device and evaluated in paralyzed study participants.

Methods
A textile-based electrode sleeve was developed by the study team and Myant, Corp. (Toronto, ON, Canada) and evaluated in a study involving three able-body participants and two participants with quadriplegia. A feedforward-feedback control structure was designed and implemented to accurately maintain finger force levels in a quadriplegic study participant.

Results
Individual finger flexion and extension movements, along with functional grasping, were evoked during neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Closed-loop control methods allowed accurate steady state performance (< 15% error) with a settling time of 0.67 s (SD = 0.42 s) for individual finger contact force in a participant with quadriplegia.

Conclusions
Textile-based electrodes were identified to be a feasible alternative to conventional electrodes and facilitated individual finger movement and functional grasping. Furthermore, closed-loop methods demonstrated accurate control of individual finger flexion force. This approach may be a viable solution for enabling grasp force regulation in quadriplegia.

Trial registration
NCT, NCT03385005. Registered Dec. 28, 2017
Lesion-Level Response Dynamics to Programmed Cell Death Protein (PD-1) Blockade
Authors: Osorio Juan C. , Arbour Kathryn C. , Le Dung T. , Durham Jennifer N. , Plodkowski Andrew J. , Halpenny Darragh F. , Ginsberg Michelle S. , Sawan Peter , Crompton Joseph G. , Yu Helena A. , Namakydoust Azadeh , Nabet Barzin Y. , Chaft Jamie E. , Riely Gregory J. , Rizvi Hira , Diaz Luis A. , Hellmann Matthew D. 
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE Response to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade is often conceptualized as resulting from reinvigoration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. However, recruited antitumor immunity from the periphery may also be an important contributor to response. A detailed assessment of the response dynamics of individual metastasis could provide insight to the systemic and local features that mediate response and resistance to immunotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) carcinoma treated with PD-1 monotherapy were evaluated independently. Absolute and percent change of each target lesion were quantified at each computed tomography scan using RECIST. Patterns of progression were predefined as systemic or mixed and were correlated with clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 761 individual lesions from 214 patients with NSCLC and 290 lesions from 78 patients with MMRD carcinoma were examined. Individual target lesion responses aligned with best overall response of each patient (85% NSCLC and 93% MMRD lesions responded in patients with partial response/complete response). In responding patients, timing of response was uniform (73% NSCLC and 76% MMRD lesions responded synchronously), and deeper responses were associated with prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival. By contrast, at progression, mixed progression was common (45% of NSCLC and 53% of MMRD) and associated with improved survival compared with those who experienced systemic progression (NSCLC hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; P = .001; MMRD HR, 0.40; P = .07). Organ sites had differential responses, with lymph node and liver metastasis among the most and least responsive, respectively. CONCLUSION Temporal-spatial patterns of response across individual metastases tend to be uniform, favoring the role of peripheral, clonally directed antitumor immunity as a key mediator of response to PD-1 blockade. In contrast, progression is more heterogeneous, potentially revealing the clinical importance of local features and intertumoral heterogeneity.
Bone Mineral Density Response With Denosumab in Combination With Standard or High-Dose Teriparatide: The DATA-HD RCT
Authors: Ramchand Sabashini K , David Natalie L , Leder Benjamin Z , Tsai Joy N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
In the Denosumab and High-Dose Teriparatide Administration (DATA-HD) study, we reported that 15 months of combined high-dose (HD) teriparatide and denosumab increased mean areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the hip and spine more than combined denosumab and standard-dose (SD) teriparatide.

Objective
In the current analysis, we compare the individual rates of aBMD response between the treatment groups.

Design
Single-site, open-label, randomized controlled trial in which postmenopausal women received either teriparatide 20-μg daily (SD) or 40-μg daily (HD) given months 0 through 9, overlapped with denosumab 60 mg, given months 3 through 15 (15 months’ total duration). The proportion of participants in the SD and HD groups experiencing total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine aBMD gains of &gt;3%, &gt;6%, and &gt;9% were compared.

Participants
Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis completing all study visits (n = 60).

Main outcome measure(s)
aBMD (dual x-ray absorptiometry).

Results
At the end of the 15-month treatment period, a higher proportion of women in the HD group had aBMD increases &gt;3% (83% vs. 58%, P = .037) and &gt;6% (45% vs. 19%, P = .034) at the total hip, and &gt;3% at the femoral neck (86% vs. 63%, P = .044). At the lumbar spine, &gt;3% response rates were similar, whereas the &gt;6% and &gt;9% response rates were greater in the HD group (100% vs. 79%, P = .012 and 93% vs. 59%, P = .003, respectively).

Conclusion
Compared with the SD regimen, more women treated with the HD regimen achieved clinically meaningful and rapid gains in hip and spine aBMD. These results suggest that this approach may provide unique benefits in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.