bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust and Sensitive High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic-UV Detection Technique for the Determination of Tigecycline in Rabbit Plasma
Authors: Zorpas Kostas M , Valsami Georgia N , Vryonis Evangelos V , Skoutelis Athanasios T , Archontaki Helen A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An isocratic HPLC method with detection at 248 nm was developed and fully validated for the determination of tigecycline in rabbit plasma. Minocycline was used as an internal standard. A Hypersil BDS RP-C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) was used with the mobile phase phosphate buffer (pH 7.10, 0.070 M)–acetonitrile (76 + 24, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The elution time of tigecycline and minocycline was approximately 8.1 and 9.9 min, respectively. Calibration curves of tigecycline were linear in the concentration range of 0.021–3.15 μg/mL in plasma. The LOD and LOQ in plasma were estimated as 7 and 21 ng/mL, respectively. The intraday and interday precision values of the method were in the range of 5.0–7.1 and 5.6–9.1%, while the corresponding accuracy values were in the ranges of 92.8–111.1 and 97.6–102.3%, respectively. At the LOQ, the intraday precision was 18.7%, while intraday and interday accuracy values were 97.3 and 98.0%, respectively. Robustness of the proposed method was studied using a Plackett-Burman experimental design. A pharmacokinetic profile is presented for confirmation of the applicability of the method to pharmacokinetic studies.
Use of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Disks for the SPE of Some Heavy Metals as 8-Hydroxquinoline Complexes
Authors: Soylak Mustafa , Unsal Yunus Emre 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A multiwalled carbon nanotube disk was used for the SPE of some toxic heavy metals from environmental samples. Metal ions were adsorbed on the disk as 8-hydroxquinoline complexes, then quantitatively desorbed from the disk by using 10 mL 2 M HNO3. The effects of analytical parameters, including pH, sample volume, and ﬂow rates, on the recoveries of Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), and Zn(II) were investigated. The inﬂuences of some 1A and 2A group elements and some other ions as concomitant ions on the recoveries of analyte ions were also examined. The LODs of the presented preconcentration-separation system for the analyte ions were found to be in the range of 1.0–5.2 µg/L. In order to validate the procedure, SRM 1577B Bovine Liver, IAEA 336 Lichen, and HR-1 Humber river sediment certifed reference materials were analyzed. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of understudy elements in some pharmaceutical samples and natural water samples from different sites in Turkey.
Nonhost Status of Commercial Sweet Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis) in Peru to Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Anastrepha fraterculus
Authors: Dolores Orlando S , Layme Javier M , Huaynate Carlos C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The host status of sweet granadilla (Passifflora ligularis Juss.) to Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) and Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) in Peru was determined. Experiments were conducted in Pasco (Peru) in four different orchards, over 2 yr (2016 and 2017), two orchards per year. Choice (granadilla plus natural host) and no-choice foraging behavior trials were conducted using sleeves under field conditions, and forced infestation was examined in laboratory cages, with five females per fruit. The development time of C. capitata was determined, and the oviposition behavior of C. capitata and A. fraterculus was examined. Three fruit maturity stages of intact (n = 1,320) and punctured (n = 1,320) granadilla fruits were examined. Adult C. capitata (n = 4,418) and A. fraterculus (n = 2,484) were trapped in the orchards, and commercial granadilla fruits (n = 1,940) sampled and dissected. Fruit fly infestation was not found in any intact granadilla fruits. Larvae and pupae were found inside punctured granadilla only in fruits broken after 20 d, and adults only emerged when those pupae were removed from the fruit. Ceratitis capitata development time was longer in punctured granadilla than that in host fruit. In the oviposition test, A. fraterculus and C. capitata did not lay eggs in intact granadilla, and C. capitata laid eggs in punctured fruits but larvae were not found. Because of the resistance mechanisms of the pericarp, commercial fruits of Passiflora ligularis are not a natural host of C. capitata and A. fraterculus in Peru.
Rock physical characterisation of microstructural fabrics and elastic anisotropy for a shale oil reservoir
Authors: Liu Xiwu , Guo Zhiqi , Zhang Qibin , Liu Yuwei , Chen Haifeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRock physics models are constructed to describe elastic anisotropy of various fabrics in shales. A method is developed to invert elastic properties of the clay mixture in shales. Inversion results indicate that the clay mixture has abnormally low Vs and consequently leads to a very high Vp/Vs ratio, which is related to the presence of the soft interparticle medium in the clay mixture. Accordingly, a model is constructed to describe anisotropy clay mixture that consists of layering distributed illite-smectite particles, and a more compliant interparticle medium that has a bulk modulus similar to that of water and smaller nonzero shear modulus. Rock physical modelling indicates that an increase in the fraction of the soft interparticle medium (f-soft) leads to a dramatic increase in Vp/Vs ratios of the clay mixture. Meanwhile, the fraction of illite (f-illite) also shows a significant impact on elastic anisotropy of the clay mixture. Accordingly, a rock physical inversion scheme is further proposed to estimate the parameters f-soft and f-illite. Finally, based on these inverted parameters, elastic anisotropy values of various fabrics at different scale, including illite-smectite platelet, clay mixture, solid matrix of shale and shale rock, are computed by the constructed rock physics model. The estimated anisotropy parameters reveal lamination textures and can help in the evaluation of mechanical properties of shale reservoirs. Also, the obtained anisotropy parameters can provide an accurate velocity model for seismic modelling, seismic data processing and inversion.
Temporal patterns of waterhole use as a predator avoidance strategy
Authors: Amoroso Caroline R , Kappeler Peter M , Fichtel Claudia , Nunn Charles L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Animals that depend on water sources in dry environments must balance their water demands with predation risk. In settings of water scarcity, predators may strategically exploit prey’s dependence on water; prey may adjust their use of water sources either spatially or temporally to avoid overlapping with predators. To examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of predators and prey at water sources, we studied the use of semipermanent waterholes in the dry season by red-fronted lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons), a primate species that exhibits flexible circadian activity patterns and inhabits a dry deciduous forest in western Madagascar. We hypothesized that lemurs avoid predators in their spatiotemporal use of waterholes. We analyzed the patterns of camera trap activations at waterholes by red-fronted lemurs and their two main predators: fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) and Madagascar harrier hawks (Polyboroides radiatus). We found that red-fronted lemurs were unlikely to use waterholes at times of day when predators were commonly present, and that the distributions of times of waterhole use differed between red-fronted lemurs and each of their predator species. Red-fronted lemurs frequently used waterholes that were also used by predators within the same week in part because the predators used a variable set of water resources. In this system, predators did not appear to exploit waterholes for the high density of red-fronted lemurs attracted to them, but instead likely used waterholes primarily to meet their own water demands. Our findings suggest that when predators and prey share water sources, prey may adjust their behavior to reduce their risk of overlap with predators, including through avoidance of indirect cues of predation, such as waterholes at particular times of day.
Sugar Feeding Patterns for Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes in South Texas
Authors: Olson Mark F , Garcia-Luna Selene , Juarez Jose G , Martin Estelle , Harrington Laura C , Eubanks Micky D , Badillo-Vargas Ismael E , Hamer Gabriel L 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEffective mosquito surveillance and management depend on a thorough understanding of the biology and feeding patterns unique to species and sex. Given that a propensity to sugar feed is necessary for some mosquito surveillance and newer control strategies, we sought to document the amount of total sugar in wild Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) captured from five different locations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of South Texas over 2 yr. We used Biogents Sentinel 2 (BGS2) traps in year 1 and aspirators, BGS2, and CDC resting traps in years 2 and 3 to collect adult mosquitoes. The hot anthrone test was used to quantify total sugar content in each mosquito. Additionally, the cold and hot anthrone tests were used to distinguish fructose content from total sugars for mosquitoes captured in 2019. Overall, Ae. aegypti females had significantly lower total sugar content than Ae. aegypti males as well as both sexes of Cx. quinquefasciatus. However, the percentage of Ae. aegypti positive for fructose consumption was four to eightfold higher than Ae. aegypti previously reported in other regions. The difference between locations was significant for males of both species, but not for females. Seasonality and trapping method also revealed significant differences in sugar content of captured mosquitoes. Our results reinforce that sugar feeding in female Ae. aegypti is less than Cx. quinquefasciatus, although not absent. This study provides necessary data to evaluate the potential effectiveness of sugar baits in surveillance and control of both Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes.
Vaccination against Japanese encephalitis with IC51: systematic review on immunogenicity, duration of protection and safety
Authors: Kling Kerstin , Harder Thomas , Younger Zane , Burchard Gerd , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas , Wichmann Ole 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Japanese encephalitis is a disease caused by a flavivirus which is transmitted by mosquitos in endemic countries. Considering the potentially severe outcomes of the disease, vaccination is recommended for those at risk of exposure. During recent years, IC51 (IXIARO®, JESPECT®, JEVAL®) has increasingly been used to protect travellers from Europe and the USA. However, no systematic review exists that summarizes the currently available evidence on the immunogenicity and safety of this vaccine.
We conducted a systematic review on the immunogenicity and safety of IC51, using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov (search date: 31 August 2019). Data extracted from included studies were grouped by outcomes and stratified by population and setting. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the RoB 2 tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies. Due to high heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not performed.
A total of 32 studies from 16 countries met the inclusion criteria (15 RCTs, 17 non-randomized studies). ROB was serious or high in the majority of studies. Seroprotection rates ranged from 93 to 100% in adults (seven studies) and from 91 to 100% in children (four studies). In the study involving adults aged 64 years and older, seroprotection was 65% with higher rates in persons who were previously vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis virus. Safety was investigated in 27 studies. Rates of serious adverse events were below 5% in all age groups, with the majority not being causally related to the vaccine.
IC51 is a safe vaccine with good seroprotective abilities in persons aged &gt;2 months to &lt;64 years. The body of evidence, however, is weakened by a large amount of heterogeneity in study and clinical trial methodology. Further well-designed RCTs with special risk groups are needed.
Sky Quality Meter and satellite correlation for night cloud-cover analysis at astronomical sites
Authors: Cavazzani S , Ortolani S , Bertolo A , Binotto R , Fiorentin P , Carraro G , Saviane I , Zitelli V 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The analysis of night cloud cover is very important for astronomical observations in real time, considering a typical observation time of about 15 minutes, and to provide statistics. In this article, we use the Sky Quality Meter (SQM) for high-resolution temporal analysis of the La Silla and Asiago (Ekar Observatory) sky: 3 and 5 minutes respectively. We investigate the annual temporal evolution of the natural contributions of the sky at a site not influenced by artificial light at night (ALAN) and at one highly influenced. We also make a correlation between GOES and Aqua satellite data and ground-based SQM data to confirm the relationship between the SQM data and cloud cover. We develop an algorithm that allows the use of the SQM for night cloud detection and reach correlations with the nighttime cloud cover detected by the GOES and Aqua satellites of 97.2 per cent at La Silla and 94.6 per cent at Asiago. Our algorithm also classifies photometric (PN) and spectroscopic nights (SN). We measure 59.1 per cent PN and 21.7 per cent SN for a total percentage of clear nights of 80.8 per cent at La Silla in 2018. The respective Ekar Observatory values are 31.1 per cent PN, 24.0 per cent SN and 55.1 per cent of total clear night time. Application to the SQM network would involve the development of long-term statistics and large data forecasting models for site testing and real-time astronomical observation.
Broadband X-ray analysis of 1E 1740.7−2942: constraints on spin, inclination, and a tentative black hole mass
Authors: Stecchini Paulo E , D’Amico F , Jablonski F , Castro M , Braga J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
1E 1740.7−2942 is one of the strongest hard X-ray emitters in the Galactic Centre region, believed to be a black hole in a high-mass X-ray binary system. Although extensively studied in X-rays, many aspects about the underlying nature of the system are still unknown. For example, X-ray data analyses of 1E 1740.7−2942 to date have not yet unveiled the signature of a reflection component, whose modelling could be used to estimate parameters such as the spin of the black hole and inclination of the disc. We report here on the determination of these parameters from the analysis of the reflection component present in a public NuSTAR observation which has not been subject to any previous study. We include XMM–Newton and INTEGRAL data to build a combined spectrum, enabling a joint analysis of both the disc and comptonization components. Results point to a relatively high inclination disc ≳ 50° (3 σ) and a near-maximum speed rotating black hole. The former is in agreement with a previous radio study and the latter is reported here for the first time. Lastly, we follow the methodology of recent efforts to weigh black holes with only X-ray spectra and find results that suggest a black hole mass of about 5 M⊙ for 1E 1740.7−2942.
Case Series: Unilateral Amygdala Ablation Ameliorates Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Biomarkers
Authors: Bijanki Kelly R , van Rooij Sanne J H , Ely Timothy D , Stevens Jennifer S , Inman Cory S , Fasano Rebecca E , Carter Sierra E , Winters Sterling J , Baman Justin R , Drane Daniel L , Jovanovic Tanja , Willie Jon T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a severe psychobiological disorder associated with hyperactivity of the amygdala, particularly on the right side. Highly selective laser ablation of the amygdalohippocampal complex is an effective neurosurgical treatment for medically refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy that minimizes neurocognitive deficits relative to traditional open surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the impact of amygdalohippocampotomy upon symptoms and biomarkers of post-traumatic stress disorder.

METHODS
Two patients with well-documented chronic post-traumatic stress disorder who subsequently developed late-onset epilepsy underwent unilateral laser amygdalohippocampotomy. Prospective clinical and neuropsychological measurements were collected in patient 1. Additional prospective measurements of symptoms and biomarkers were collected pre- and post-surgery in patient 2.

RESULTS
After laser ablation targeting the nondominant (right) amygdala, both patients experienced not only reduced seizures, but also profoundly abated post-traumatic stress symptoms. Prospective evaluation of biomarkers in patient 2 showed robust improvements in hyperarousal symptoms, fear potentiation of the startle reflex, brain functional magnetic resonance imaging responses to fear-inducing stimuli, and emotional declarative memory.

CONCLUSION
These observations support the emerging hypothesis that the right amygdala particularly perpetuates the signs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and suggests that focal unilateral amydalohippocampotomy can provide therapeutic benefit.
Family ownership
Authors: Villalonga Belén , Amit Raphael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article reviews the existing literature about the most prevalent form of corporate ownership around the world: ownership by individuals—particularly founders—and families. We summarize the existing evidence about the prevalence and persistence of family ownership around the world, along with its impact on performance—both financial and non-financial—relative to other types of corporate ownership. We discuss how and why these empirical facts and findings come about—why owners in general, and family owners in particular, are critical drivers of firm behaviour and performance, and how they are able to exercise their influence over corporations in which other shareholders, such as institutional investors, and other stakeholders can also play an important role.
Trichome abundance, chlorophyll content and the spectral coefficient for light absorption of Trichodesmium slicks observed in the Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Detoni Amália Maria Sacilotto , Ciotti Aurea Maria 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Dense slicks of Trichodesmium were found in the shelf-break region in the Southwestern Atlantic during austral spring and autumn. A total of 14 slicks were sampled, and the absorption coefficients of phytoplankton (aph(λ)) indicated clear spectral features of phycobilin pigments. Although these samples showed low-degradation products and detrital importance, the chemotaxonomy, shape, and magnitude of aph(λ) indicated the importance of co-occurring species in the slicks. In addition to the difficulties of enumerating trichomes in situ, co-occurring species affect the expected chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) to trichome ratio, further complicating the detection of Trichodesmium by ocean colour remote sensing. Our results showed that trichome density could be predicted similarly by Chl-a and by aph(621), especially for trichome densities above 8000 trichomes L−1. The phycocyanin spectral feature is a potential source of quantitative information for the detection of Trichodesmium, but noninvasive techniques for quantifying the abundance of Trichodesmium in natural waters are necessary.
Effectiveness of Adjunctive Analgesics in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Curative (Chemo-) Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lefebvre Tessa , Tack Laura , Lycke Michelle , Duprez Fréderic , Goethals Laurence , Rottey Sylvie , Cool Lieselot , Van Eygen Koen , Stubbs Brendon , Schofield Patricia , Pottel Hans , Boterberg Tom , Debruyne Philip 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Our aim was to give an overview of the effectiveness of adjunctive analgesics in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients receiving (chemo-) radiotherapy.

Design
Systematic review.

Interventions
This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies concerning “head neck cancer,” “adjunctive analgesics,” “pain,” and “radiotherapy.”

Outcome Measures
Pain outcome, adverse events, and toxicity and other reported outcomes, for example, mucositis, quality of life, depression, etc.

Results
Nine studies were included in our synthesis. Most studies were of low quality and had a high risk of bias on several domains of the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Only two studies comprised high-quality randomized controlled trials in which pregabalin and a doxepin rinse showed their effectiveness for the treatment of neuropathic pain and pain from oral mucositis, respectively, in HNC patients receiving (chemo-) radiotherapy.

Conclusions
More high-quality trials are necessary to provide clear evidence on the effectiveness of adjunctive analgesics in the treatment of HNC (chemo-) radiation-induced pain.
Developmental Trajectories of Cortical Thickness in Relation to Schizotypy During Adolescence
Authors: Derome Mélodie , Tonini Emiliana , Zöller Daniela , Schaer Marie , Eliez Stephan , Debbané Martin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Investigating potential gray matter differences in adolescents presenting higher levels of schizotypy personality traits could bring further insights into the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Research has yet to examine the morphological correlates of schizotypy features during adolescence prospectively, and no information is available on the developmental trajectories from adolescence to adulthood. We employed mixed model regression analysis to investigate developmental trajectories of cortical thickness (CT) in relation to schizotypy dimensions in a cohort of 109 adolescents from the general population for whom MRI-scans were acquired over a 5-year period, culminating in a total of 271 scans. Structural data were processed with FreeSurfer software, statistical analyses were conducted using mixed regression models following a ROI-based approach, and schizotypy was assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Accelerated thinning was observed in the posterior cingulate cortex in relation to high levels of positive schizotypy, whereas high levels of disorganized schizotypy were associated with a similar trajectory pattern in the anterior cingulate cortex. The developmental course of CT in the prefrontal, occipital, and cingulate cortices differed between adolescents expressing higher vs lower levels of negative schizotypy. Participants reporting high scores on all schizotypy dimensions were associated with differential trajectories of CT in posterior cingulate cortex and occipital cortex. Consistently with prospective developmental studies of clinical risk conversion, the negative schizotypy dimension appears to constitute the most informative dimension for psychosis-related psychopathology, as its cerebral correlates in adolescents most closely overlap with results found in clinical high risk for psychosis studies.
CE: Brain Death: History, Updates, and Implications for Nurses
Authors: Milliken Aimee , Uveges Melissa 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT:
In 1968, the criteria for brain death were established by the Harvard Ad Hoc Committee. Despite what may appear to be unambiguous definitions, clinicians, ethicists, and the public have grappled with the concept of brain death since its inception. In light of recent public discourse on the topic, Harvard Medical School convened a conference to examine research and ethical inquiry conducted over the past 50 years related to death as defined by neurologic criteria. Drawing on the report produced by this conference, this article provides an overview of the development of brain death criteria, describes recent controversies and updates, and discusses implications of these criteria for nurses.