bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary phytoestrogens and biomarkers of their intake in relation to cancer survival and recurrence: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Micek Agnieszka , Godos Justyna , Brzostek Tomasz , Gniadek Agnieszka , Favari Claudia , Mena Pedro , Libra Massimo , Del Rio Daniele , Galvano Fabio , Grosso Giuseppe 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Recent studies have outlined the potential role of dietary factors in patients who have survived cancer.

Objective
The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence of the relation between dietary intake of phytoestrogens and their blood biomarkers and, overall, cancer-specific mortality and recurrence in patients with cancer.

Data Sources
A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases of studies published up to September 2019 was performed. Databases were searched for prospective and retrospective cohort studies reporting on dietary phytoestrogen intake and/or blood biomarkers and the outcomes investigated.

Data extraction
Data were extracted from each identified study using a standardized form.

Data analysis
Twenty-eight articles on breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer, and glioma were included for systematic review. Given the availability of studies, a quantitative meta-analysis was performed solely for breast cancer outcomes. A significant inverse association among higher dietary isoflavone intake, higher serum/plasma enterolactone concentrations, and overall mortality and cancer recurrence was found. Among other cancer types, 2 studies reported that higher serum enterolactone and higher intake of lignans were associated with cancer-specific survival for colorectal cancer and glioma, respectively.

Conclusions
Dietary phytoestrogens may play a role in survival from breast cancer ; evidence regarding other cancers is too limited to draw any conclusions.
Wages and the Value of Nonemployment*
Authors: Jäger Simon , Schoefer Benjamin , Young Samuel , Zweimüller Josef 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Nonemployment is often posited as a worker’s outside option in wage-setting models such as bargaining and wage posting. The value of nonemployment is therefore a key determinant of wages. We measure the wage effect of changes in the value of nonemployment among initially employed workers. Our quasi-experimental variation in the value of nonemployment arises from four large reforms of unemployment insurance (UI) benefit levels in Austria. We document that wages are insensitive to UI benefit changes: point estimates imply a wage response of less than $0.01 per $1.00 UI benefit increase, and we can reject sensitivities larger than $0.03. The insensitivity holds even among workers with low wages and high predicted unemployment duration, and among job switchers hired out of unemployment. The insensitivity of wages to the nonemployment value presents a puzzle to the widely used Nash bargaining model, which predicts a sensitivity of $0.24–$0.48. Our evidence supports wage-setting models that insulate wages from the value of nonemployment.
4Visual Culture
Authors: Lewis India 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter addresses books published in the field of visual culture in 2019 and is divided into three sections: 1. Race and Art; 2. Art and the Body; 3. Art in Eastern Europe The books under review cover a broad range of subjects within their specialities, but reflect general trends in contemporary writing and study in the field of visual culture. The first section looks at two publications that deal with the black experience in art: Darby English’s To Describe a Life: Notes from the Intersection of Art and Race Terror and The Place Is Here, edited by Nick Aikens and Elizabeth Robles. The second section examines books that see art through bodies: Bauhaus Bodies: Gender, Sexuality, and Body Culture in Modernism’s Legendary Art School, edited by Elizabeth Otto and Patrick Rössler; Sculpture, Sexuality and History: Encounters in Literature, Culture and the Arts from the Eighteenth Century to the Present, edited by Jana Funke and Jess Grove; and Queer Difficulty in Art and Poetry: Rethinking the Sexed Body in Verse and Visual Culture, edited by Jongwoo Jeremy Kim and Christopher Reed. The third and final section looks at publications about art and eastern Europe: Marta Filipová’s Modernity, History, and Politics in Czech Art and Klara Kemp-Welch’s Networking the Bloc: Experimental Art in Eastern Europe, 1965–1981.
Ketamine and Magnesium for Refractory Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Pickering Gisèle , Pereira Bruno , Morel Véronique , Corriger Alexandrine , Giron Fatiha , Marcaillou Fabienne , Bidar-Beauvallot Assiya , Chandeze Evelyne , Lambert Céline , Bernard Lise , Delage Noémie 
Published: May 2020

Background
Ketamine is often used for the management of refractory chronic pain. There is, however, a paucity of trials exploring its analgesic effect several weeks after intravenous administration or in association with magnesium. The authors hypothesized that ketamine in neuropathic pain may provide pain relief and cognitive–emotional benefit versus placebo and that a combination with magnesium may have an additive effect for 5 weeks.

Methods
A randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study (NCT02467517) included 20 patients with neuropathic pain. Each ketamine-naïve patient received one infusion every 35 days in a random order: ketamine (0.5 mg/kg)/placebo or ketamine (0.5 mg/kg)/magnesium sulfate (3g) or placebo/placebo.
The primary endpoint was the area under the curve of daily pain intensity for a period of 35 days after infusion. Secondary endpoints included pain (at 7, 15, 21 and 28 days) and health-related, emotional, sleep, and quality of life questionnaires.

Results
Daily pain intensity was not significantly different between the three groups (n = 20) over 35 days (mean area under the curve = 185 ± 100, 196 ± 92, and 187 ± 90 pain score-days for ketamine, ketamine/magnesium, and placebo, respectively, P = 0.296). The effect size of the main endpoint was −0.2 (95% CI [−0.6 to 0.3]; P = 0.425) for ketamine versus placebo, 0.2 (95% CI [−0.3 to 0.6]; P = 0.445) for placebo versus ketamine/magnesium and -0.4 (95% CI [−0.8 to 0.1]; P = 0.119) for ketamine versus ketamine/magnesium. There were no significant differences in emotional, sleep, and quality of life measures. During placebo, ketamine, and ketamine/magnesium infusions, 10%, 20%, and 35% of patients respectively reported at least one adverse event.

Conclusions
The results of this trial in neuropathic pain refuted the hypothesis that ketamine provided pain relief at 5 weeks and cognitive–emotional benefit versus placebo and that a combination with magnesium had any additional analgesic effect.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Plaque Characteristics on CT Angiography Do Not Improve the Ability to Predict Hemodynamic Instability During and After Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting
Authors: Jensen Samuel K. , Eesa Muneer , Walker Andrew , Archer David P. , Davis Melinda J. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Hemodynamic instability is commonly seen during carotid angioplasty and stenting. Although prophylactic treatment with anticholinergics is beneficial, selected use in high-risk patients is desirable. This study examines whether plaque characteristics on computed tomography angiography in addition to demographic factors improve predictive capability.

Methods:
We retrospectively collected information from 298 carotid angioplasty procedures between January 2013 and December 2018. Nine individuals were excluded due to a previous ipsilateral endarterectomy. Our primary outcome was a decrease of 20% or more in heart rate or blood pressure at angioplasty. Data were analyzed using χ2 tests and regression statistics.

Results:
Of the 289 patients included for analysis, 57 had intraoperative instability and 26 had postoperative instability. Radiologist interpretation was found to have a risk ratio of 1.63 (95% confidence interval: 1.00-2.65) for intraoperative instability (P=0.080). Intraoperative instability was significantly associated with subsequent postoperative instability (P=0.005). Our regression model included previous endarterectomy and diabetes as predictive factors with a sensitivity of 11.3% and a specificity of 100.0%. Anticholinergic usage was associated with hypotension without coexisting bradycardia with a risk ratio of 2.36 (95% confidence interval: 1.06-5.26; P=0.047).

Conclusions:
Individuals without a previous contralateral endarterectomy and/or history of diabetes are at lower risk of hemodynamic instability. The addition of computed tomography angiographic variables does not improve this prediction. Future prospective, randomized work is required to improve our ability to identify and treat individuals at high risk of instability during carotid angioplasty and stenting.
Perioperative Use of Cefazolin and Indomethacin for Physical Examination–Indicated Cerclages to Improve Gestational Latency
Authors: Premkumar Ashish , Sinha Nikita , Miller Emily S. , Peaceman Alan M. 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate gestational latency in individuals who did and did not receive perioperative cefazolin and indomethacin after physical examination–indicated cerclage.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort study of all pregnant women with a singleton gestation who underwent physical examination–indicated cerclage placement and delivered at Northwestern Memorial Hospital from 2009 to 2018. Physical examination–indicated cerclage was performed in the setting of painless cervical dilation of at least 1 cm between 16 0/7 and 23 6/7 weeks of gestation. After 2014, our practice universally implemented perioperative prophylaxis of cefazolin and indomethacin. Individuals were categorized based on exposure to perioperative prophylaxis. The primary outcome was pregnancy latency at least 28 days after cerclage placement. Secondary outcomes included median latency; median gestational age at delivery; preterm birth before 28 weeks of gestation; preterm prelabor rupture of membranes; chorioamnionitis; and median birth weight. Multivariable analyses were performed, as well as a sensitivity analysis using propensity score matching.

RESULTS:
Cerclages were placed in 142 people: 72 (50.7%) received perioperative prophylaxis. Baseline demographics were not significantly different between groups. On multivariable analyses, individuals who received perioperative prophylaxis had a higher incidence of achieving a pregnancy latency at 28 days or more (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.40). Individuals who received perioperative prophylaxis had a significant improvement in gestational latency (+17.8 days, 95% CI 1.4–34.2 days) and birth weight (+489.8 g, 95% CI 64.6–915.0 g), with no differences in other outcomes. On sensitivity analysis, individuals receiving perioperative prophylaxis had a higher incidence of achieving a pregnancy latency at 28 days or more, (aRR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.36) with no differences in other outcomes.

CONCLUSION:
Perioperative use of cefazolin and indomethacin prophylaxis during physical examination–indicated cerclage placement is associated with a significant prolongation in gestational latency without an increase in incidence of chorioamnionitis.
Effect of Digital Step Counter Feedback on Mobility After Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Ganer Herman Hadas , Kleiner Ilia , Tairy Daniel , Gonen Noa , Ben Zvi Masha , Kovo Michal , Bar Jacob , Weiner Eran 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the effect of a personalized repeated feedback approach using digital step counters (pedometers) on mobility after cesarean delivery in high-risk patients.

METHODS:
This was a randomized controlled trial at a tertiary university hospital. Patients who underwent cesarean delivery and were defined as high risk for thromboembolic events were asked to wear a pedometer around their wrists postpartum for 48 hours. Patients were randomized to the feedback group, which received personalized feedback by the research staff regarding their mobility at three set timepoints, or the control group, which received standard care. The number of steps taken by patients was compared between the groups and served as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included patient reported pain, physical and mental recovery, and overall satisfaction. Sample size was predetermined to detect a 25% between-group difference in the primary outcome.

RESULTS:
From December 2018 to July 2019, 215 patients were recruited, randomized and completed follow-up—108 in the feedback group and 107 in the control group. Patients' demographics and intrapartum course were similar between the groups. The number of steps taken was significantly higher in the feedback group compared with the control group: 5,918±3,116 vs 4,161±2,532 steps, P<.001. Pain scores were similar between the groups, as was analgesic consumption. Patients in the feedback group reported a significantly easier physical and mental postpartum recovery and were significantly more satisfied with their delivery experience. Postpartum complications did not differ between the groups.

CONCLUSION:
In high-risk patients after cesarean delivery, mobility was improved by using a personalized feedback approach. Enhanced mobility was not associated with a higher rate of complications or pain and was positively associated with patient satisfaction.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03724760.
Functional and Structural Integrity of Frontoparietal Connectivity in Traumatic and Anoxic Coma
Authors: Peran Patrice , Malagurski Briguitta , Nemmi Federico , Sarton Benjamine , Vinour Hélène , Ferre Fabrice , Bounes Fanny , Rousset David , Mrozeck Segolène , Seguin Thierry , Riu Béatrice , Minville Vincent , Geeraerts Thomas , Lotterie Jean Albert , Deboissezon Xavier , Albucher Jean François , Fourcade Olivier , Olivot Jean Marc , Naccache Lionel , Silva Stein 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:
Recovery from coma might critically depend on the structural and functional integrity of frontoparietal networks. We aimed to measure this integrity in traumatic brain injury and anoxo-ischemic (cardiac arrest) coma patients by using an original multimodal MRI protocol.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Three Intensive Critical Care Units affiliated to the University in Toulouse (France).

Patients:
We longitudinally recruited 43 coma patients (Glasgow Coma Scale at the admission < 8; 29 cardiac arrest and 14 traumatic brain injury) and 34 age-matched healthy volunteers. Exclusion criteria were disorders of consciousness lasting more than 30 days and focal brain damage within the explored brain regions. Patient assessments were conducted at least 2 days (5 ± 2 d) after complete withdrawal of sedation. All patients were followed up (Coma Recovery Scale-Revised) 3 months after acute brain injury.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Functional and structural MRI data were recorded, and the analysis was targeted on the posteromedial cortex, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the cingulum. Univariate analyses and machine learning techniques were used to assess diagnostic and predictive values. Coma patients displayed significantly lower medial prefrontal cortex–posteromedial cortex functional connectivity (area under the curve, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.93–0.95). Cardiac arrest patients showed specific structural disturbances within posteromedial cortex. Significant cingulum architectural disturbances were observed in traumatic brain injury patients. The machine learning medial prefrontal cortex–posteromedial cortex multimodal classifier had a significant predictive value (area under the curve, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95–0.97), best combination of subregions that discriminates a binary outcome based on Coma Recovery Scale-Revised).

Conclusions:
This exploratory study suggests that frontoparietal functional disconnections are specifically observed in coma and their structural counterpart provides information about brain injury mechanisms. Multimodal MRI biomarkers of frontoparietal disconnection predict 3-month outcome in our sample. These findings suggest that fronto-parietal disconnection might be particularly relevant for coma outcome prediction and could inspire innovative precision medicine approaches.
Patient and physician perspectives on training to improve communication through secure messaging
Authors: Hefner Jennifer L. , Sieck Cynthia J. , Walker Daniel M. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The aim of the study was to incorporate the perspectives of both patients and providers into the development of training to improve the exchange of secure messages through a patient portal as well as to identify management strategies that support patient engagement.

Methodology
Three patient focus groups (17 patients) and interviews with 21 ambulatory physicians across 17 outpatient clinics at a large Midwestern academic medical center using Epic MyChart were performed. Rigorous thematic analysis was guided by the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety 2.0 framework adapted to patient portal implementation.

Results
Patients and physicians identified strategies at the patient, portal, physician, and health system levels that could help each group navigate the portal to communicate via secure messages more efficiently. Patient-focused training strategies included multimodal materials addressing how to navigate portal features and direction on when, what, and how to message. Changes to the format of the messaging feature and pop-ups with communication tips were also frequently mentioned. Physician and clinic-level strategies focused on how the clinic and health system management could enhance physician training on the patient-facing portal features and on how to manage patient care within the portal. Physicians also requested that the health system administration standardize physician and care team work processes related to secure messages within the portal and communicate clear management expectations of physician portal management.

Conclusion
As communication via secure messaging has become more common, our study identified patient, physician, portal and health system-level management and training strategies to enhance patient portal use.

Practice Implications
Health system administrators and outpatient clinic management could implement these strategies to clarify the rules of engagement in the collaborative work of incorporating a patient portal into the primary care workflow and facilitating provider and patient use.
Use of Commercially Available Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter As Extremity Dose Estimator
Authors: Georgeson David L. , Christiansen Byron H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In 2009, Idaho National Laboratory (INL) transitioned to an external dosimetry program using optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) technology. This process led to the introduction of the Landauer, Inc., nanoDot dosimeter and MicroStar reader to INL’s radiological control program. At the time, a small, self-contained, single chip OSL dosimeter that could be easily read in the field was recognized as having many potential applications for a radiological control program. The ability to achieve a realistic extremity-dose estimate in the field shortly following work where significant exposure is expected is a much sought-after capability at INL. It was proposed to employ the Landauer nanoDot dosimeter as a supplemental extremity monitor as an alternative to time-motion dose analyses based on direct radiation measurements, which had proven to be inaccurate and operationally inefficient. Additionally, this process does not involve the nanoDot in the US Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program (DOELAP) process, which significantly reduces operational complexity. A dose conversion value for the nanoDot dosimeter was derived from direct comparisons with a DOELAP-accredited extremity dosimeter. The geometry or placement of the nanoDot relative to the accredited extremity dosimeter was kept as proximate as possible to best replicate the expected results from the accredited extremity dosimeter. Upon implementation, the nanoDot has proven to be effective in providing reasonable and timely extremity-dose estimates for operational control.
Descemet Membrane Detachment After Penetrating Keratoplasty for Keratoconus
Authors: Kit Vivienne , Kriman Jaime , Vasquez-Perez Alfonso , Muthusamy Kirithika , Thaung Caroline , Tuft Stephen 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
To describe the risk factors, management, and outcome of delayed Descemet membrane (DM) detachment after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for keratoconus.

Methods:
We report 7 eyes from 6 cases and combine these data with 7 previous case reports identified by a search of PubMed.

Results:
DM detachment occurred at a median of 25 years (range, 7–33 years) after PK. One individual had bilateral detachments. There was typically a mild ocular discomfort accompanied in some cases by a rapid onset of visual blur. Cases were often treated for allograft rejection before a DM detachment was suspected and confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Detachments were limited to the donor tissue in 11 eyes, but a DM break was identified at the time of onset in only 4 eyes. Thinning of the host corneal rim with ectasia was reported in 8 eyes (57%). In 3 eyes, the detachment resolved spontaneously, but in 2 eyes, a detachment was still present at 12 months. Gas tamponade to reattach the DM was performed in 9 eyes and was effective in 4 eyes. Five eyes underwent a repeat PK or endothelial keratoplasty. Histology showed fibroblastic proliferation on the stromal surface of the folded DM.

Conclusions:
The cause for DM detachment many years after PK is unknown, although progressive thinning of the host cornea and secondary graft ectasia may be implicated. Gas tamponade can be effective, but a repeat keratoplasty might be necessary. DM detachment should be included in the differential diagnosis for late-onset corneal edema after PK.
YAG Laser Treatment for Epithelial Ingrowth in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Interface
Authors: Jenkins Sabrina G. , Jun Albert S. , Woreta Fasika A. , Srikumaran Divya 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
To present a case of epithelial ingrowth in the graft-host interface after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) surgery that was successfully treated with a yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser.

Methods:
A 53-year-old white woman underwent uncomplicated combined cataract and DMEK surgery in her right eye. At her regularly scheduled 6-month follow-up visit, an asymptomatic dense white interface opacity was observed. Confocal imaging confirmed the presence of epithelial cells. After initial close observation, the opacity was noted to be slowly growing and the patient underwent YAG laser treatment for the opacity.

Results:
The patient remained stable 4 months postlaser treatment with no recurrence of epithelial ingrowth.

Conclusions:
YAG laser treatment may be a safe and effective way to treat early-stage epithelial ingrowth in the interface after DMEK surgery.