bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Simple Salts on Solvent Reduction Stability at Mg-Alloy Anodes Interface: A Potential-Dependent DFT Study
Authors: Kim Hyemin , Deng Min , Fortuin Adrian , Würger Tim , Georgopanos Prokopios , Kramer Denis , Zheludkevich Mikhail , Höche Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Using the grand canonical density functional theory (GC-DFT) approach, the investigation focuses on the significance of incorporating anion species into electrolyte solvation structures, particularly with doubly charged Mg2+ ions. Our work extends previous methodologies by examining the thermodynamic stability of acetonitrile (AN) at the interface with Mg3Bi2 and Mg2Sn. Based on energy comparisons, two distinct anions, TFSI− and ClO−, are strategically introduced.
Despite the known chemical compatibility of alloy anodes with the electrolyte solution, our research discovers a novel form of solvent degradation, which has also been noted with pure Mg anodes and conventional electrolytes. Notably,a the AN molecule near anion species exhibits less susceptibility to reduction (-0.8 — -0.4 V vs. Mg2+/Mg) in the lower potential range, compared to the fully dissociated solvation structure.
Charge density difference and density of states analyses detail how solvent molecules become electrophilic, causing the LUMO to overlap with the Fermi level at lower potentials when the electrostatic interaction with anion species is considered. Experimental studies using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) validate the theoretical outcomes, providing a comprehensive understanding. By augmenting prior approaches, our methodology offers valuable guidance for electrolyte composition based on predominant solvation structures in multivalent solutions.
Enhancing Stability in Aqueous Zn Ion Batteries: Insights into Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials Protective Layer
Authors: Kim Seulgi , Choi Ingyu , Lee Dongju 
Published: December 2024

Zinc-ion Batteries (ZIBs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems, offering affordability and safety. However, the practical applications of Zn metal as anode is impeded by significant challenges such as side reactions and dendrite growth. We propose a novel approach that employs two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials protective layer (BN, MoS2, MXene) to mitigate dendrite formation and side reactions (hydrogen evolution, corrosion) of Zn metal anode, facilitating controlled Zn ion flux during charge/discharge cycles. Our findings particularly highlight the MoS2@Zn anode, which demonstrates stable cycling performance for over 1000 hours at a current density of 1 mA/cm² with a capacity of 1 mAh/cm². This anode effectively inhibits dendrite growth and suppresses side reactions such as hydrogen evolution and corrosion. Additionally, when integrated into a full cell configuration with a MnO₂ cathode, the MoS₂@Zn anode exhibits exceptional capacity retention, maintaining nearly 100% of its initial capacity even after 100 cycles. This work contributes to the advancement of metal-based aqueous battery technologies by demonstrating the practical applicability of 2D material protection layers in improving the performance and reliability of ZIBs.
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Commercialization Promotion Agency for R&D Outcomes(COMPA) grant funded by the Korean Government(Ministery of Science and ICT). (RS-2023-00304768) and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No. RS-2023-00217581).
Enhancing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training: An Interprofessional Approach With Undergraduate Medicine and Nursing Students Using Self‐Learning Methodology in Simulated Environments (MAES)—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fenzi Giulio , Alemán-Jiménez Carolina , López-Ferrándiz Lucia , Leal-Costa Cesar , Díaz-Agea José Luis 
Published: December 2024

Background: Training the knowledge and skills needed to recognize and respond quickly to cardiac arrest significantly increases patient survival rates. Recent advances in life support training focus on simulations. Interprofessional education, involving collaborative training between nursing and medical students, would enhance mutual understanding of roles and perspectives, resulting in comprehensive and real‐world learning experiences. Self‐learning methodology in simulated environments actively engages students by combining problem‐based learning with clinical simulation.Objectives: To analyze the perspective of a group of nursing and medical students in interprofessional training with self‐learning methodology in simulated environments, clinical simulation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, as well as to describe the main strengths and weaknesses detected and worked on during cardiopulmonary resuscitation training with the self‐learning methodology in simulated environments.Method: This multicenter qualitative study, based on focus group analysis, delves into the views of nursing and medical students who underwent interprofessional clinical simulation training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Results: Benefits such as increased interest, motivation, and sense of responsibility are highlighted, along with improvements in teamwork, interprofessional education, and acquisition of both technical and nontechnical skills. Participants valued the structured debriefing sessions, which allowed them to learn from their mistakes. Suggestions for improvement revolved around the time constraints and responsibilities inherent in the methodology.Conclusions: Interprofessional cardiopulmonary resuscitation training using the self‐learning methodology in simulated environments offers an innovative and effective approach to improve traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation training paradigms.
Denatonium inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and rescues the osteoporotic phenotype by blocking p65 signaling pathway
Authors: Lee Sheunghun , Lee Hyerim , Jang You-Jee , Lee Kyubin , Kim Hye-Jung , Lee Jung Yeol , Kim Jin-Man , Park Sunyou , Song Jin Sook , Lee Ji Hoon , Hyun Tae Kyung , Park Jae-Il , Yi Sun-Ju , Kim Kyunghwan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Bone remodeling is a critical process that maintains skeletal integrity, orchestrated by the balanced activities of osteoclasts, which resorb bone, and osteoblasts, which form bone. Osteoclastogenesis, the formation of osteoclasts, is primarily driven by NFATc1, a process activated through c-Fos and NF-κB signaling pathways in response to receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Dysregulation of RANKL signaling is a key contributor to pathological bone loss, as seen in conditions such as osteoporosis.

Methods
We investigated the effects of denatonium, a known bitter compound, on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze gene expression profiles in osteoclast precursors treated with denatonium. Transcription factor prediction analysis was conducted to identify key targets of denatonium action. Additionally, we performed Western blotting to examine the phosphorylation status of AKT and p65, crucial components of the NF-κB pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were employed to assess the binding of p65 to promoter regions of osteoclast-related genes. Finally, we tested the therapeutic potential of denatonium in a mouse model of osteoporosis.

Results
Our findings demonstrated that denatonium significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by targeting the p65 pathway. RNA-seq analysis revealed a downregulation of osteoclast-related genes following denatonium treatment, corroborated by transcription factor prediction analysis, which highlighted p65 as a key target. Denatonium effectively blocked the phosphorylation of AKT and p65, key steps in NF-κB activation. ChIP assays further confirmed that denatonium reduced the enrichment of p65 at promoter regions critical for osteoclast differentiation. In vivo, denatonium treatment in an osteoporosis animal model led to a significant restoration of bone health, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent.

Conclusions
This study identifies denatonium as an inhibitor of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, potentially acting through suppression of the p65 signaling pathway. The ability of denatonium to downregulate osteoclast-related genes and inhibit key signaling events highlights its potential as a candidate for further investigation in the context of bone loss and osteoporosis.
Effects of probiotics in elderly hospitalized tube-fed patients with antibiotics use
Authors: Hsia Chu-Hsuan , Su Hsiu-Yueh , Chen Yue-Hwa , Chuang Han-Chuan , Chien Yi-Wen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Several studies revealed the beneficial effects of probiotics against the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea of hospitalized patients but it is rarely to assess the nutrition status. This study investigated the effects of probiotics in elderly hospitalized tube-fed patients with antibiotics use and is the first study that concerns the nutritional status among these patients.

Methods
Elderly hospitalized tube-fed patients who were using antibiotics were recruited. Probiotics were given within 48 h after their first antibiotic therapy, and then twice daily 2 h after consuming antibiotics and a meal; the probiotics were continued to use for an additional 7 days after completion of antibiotics therapy. Anthropometric data, laboratory data, medication records, nutritional status, nutrition intake and data on stool form were collected.

Results
Twenty-nine patients served as probiotic group. 11 patients completed the study in both groups. In probiotic group, the stool form was found to exhibit no significant differences between the beginning and end of antibiotics therapy (5.5 ± 0.8 vs 5.1 ± 1.1, p = 0.21), but the stool frequency significantly decreased (2.0 ± 1.0 vs 1.6 ± 0.7, p = 0.05). In control group, the stool form between the beginning and end of antibiotics therapy exhibited significant improvement (5.6 ± 1.4 vs 4.5 ± 1.4, p = 0.01), but not in the frequency (2.7 ± 2.1 vs 2.4 ± 1.5, p = 0.1). The initial NRS 2002 score of the probiotic and control groups were similar. (3.6 ± 1.7 vs 3.7 ± 1.8, p = 1.00), and their nutrition status both significantly improved during the last visit before discharged (2.6 ± 0.9 vs 2.9 ± 1.3).

Conclusion
Probiotic supplementation in elderly hospitalized tube-fed patients significantly reduced stool frequency during antibiotic treatment. Improvements in stool form were observed only during the follow-up period. Nutritional status remained stable, with patients' nutritional needs adequately met throughout the study.
Associations of risk factors and the number of risk factors with the classification, GMFCS level and comorbidities with cerebral palsy: a retrospective study
Authors: Gong Chao , Zeng Pei , Lian Beibei , Li Jiawei , Liu Jiahao , Liu Yuanyuan , Fang liya , Tian Huiling , Wang Luchuan , Jiang Zhimei , Guo Jin , Zhou Shaobo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
The objective was to explore the characteristics of risk factors in children with cerebral palsy (CP), focusing on the effects of single risk factors and the number of risk factors on the classification, GMFCS level, and comorbidities of children with CP.

Methods
The medical records of children with CP hospitalized from 2015 to 2023 were reviewed. The effects of nine risk factors, such as hyperbilirubinemia, asphyxia, and HIE, on the classification, GMFCS level and comorbidities of children with CP were studied.

Results
In Part 1, among the 536 children with CP, 476 (88.8%) had obvious risk factors. Preterm birth and/or low birth weight were the most common risk factor (243 cases (45.3%)). CP combined with two risk factors was the most common, with 147 cases (27.4%). In Part 2, neonatal seizures were associated with epilepsy, and HIE and hyperbilirubinemia were associated with intellectual disability. Asphyxia was associated with high GMFCS levels and mixed CP. Preterm birth and/or low birth weight was associated with spastic diplegia, and hyperbilirubinemia was associated with involuntary movement. In Part 3, the number of risk factors in children with CP with epilepsy and/or hearing impairment seemed to be lower, but those with spastic quadriplegia were more likely to have more risk factors (≥ 4). In the six groups with 1–6 risk factors, intellectual disability and a GMFCS level ≥ level IV were more common in the various risk factor groups, but spastic hemiplegia and ataxia were less common.

Conclusion
Most children with CP have apparent risk factors, and the combination of two risk factors is relatively common. Preterm birth/low birth weight is the most common risk factor. The analysis of single risk factors revealed that the risk factors were related to the classification, GMFCS level and comorbidities. This correlation is consistent with the current research. Risk factors were more common in children with severe CP, high GMFCS levels, spastic quadriplegia, and intellectual disability.
The LILRB family in hematologic malignancies: prognostic associations, mechanistic considerations, and therapeutic implications
Authors: Hodges Alan , Dubuque Rachel , Chen Shu-Hsia , Pan Ping-Ying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B (LILRB) proteins, characterized by their transmembrane nature and canonical immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM) signaling, play a pivotal role in maintaining immune homeostasis and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various disease states. This comprehensive review will focus on the intricate involvement of the LILRB family in hematologic malignancies. These receptors have emerged as valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. Beyond their prognostic implications, LILRBs actively shape the immune microenvironment and directly influence the disease pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. Furthermore, their identification as potential therapeutic targets offer a promising avenue for precision medicine strategies in the treatment of these disorders. Currently, multiple LILRB directed therapies are in the preclinical and clinical trial pipelines. This review underscores the multifaceted role of the LILRB family in hematologic malignancies, highlighting their significance from diagnostic and prognostic perspectives to their broader impact on disease pathophysiology and as valuable therapeutic targets.
High-velocity impact studies of honeycomb sandwich structures with Al/Al2O3 and Al/B4C functionally graded plasma sprayed faceplates
Authors: D Muniraj , S Vignesh , V. M Sreehari 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh-velocity impact response of honeycomb sandwich structures (HSS) with Al/Al2O3 and Al/B4C functionally graded plasma-sprayed (FGPS) faceplates are investigated in present work. FGPS structures improve the specific material properties and make the structure distinct from the substrate material. The metal and ceramic content was varied across the thickness of the FGPS coating in the present work. The HSS having honeycomb core sandwiched between two Al/Al2O3 FGPS faceplates were manufactured initially. Further, HSS having honeycomb core sandwiched between two Al/B4C FGPS faceplates were manufactured. Such HSS are repeatedly impacted with a spherical projectile using a single-stage gas gun at a constant impact energy of 260 J, and the results are quantified and compared. The central deflection and dent diameter of FGPS plates as well as HSS were determined, and they increased with the number of impacts. The HSS’s energy absorption was dissipated by top faceplate indentation and core compression. The incorporation of a core prevented FGPS coating delamination and top faceplate penetration. The Al/Al2O3 and Al/B4C FGPS faceplates had dent diameters that were 14.30% and 18.70% smaller than the non-coated Al 6061-T6 faceplate, respectively, which proves the enhancement of high-velocity impact resistance through FGPS coating. The central deflection and dent diameter of the Al/B4C FGPS HSS are 6.04% and 3% lesser than the Al/Al2O3 FGPS HSS, respectively. The energy absorption of the Al/B4C FGPS HSS is better than that of the Al/Al2O3 FGPS HSS. As a result, the present research enhances the knowledge on the impact energy absorption of two distinct FGPS coated plates and HSS, which is highly useful in aerospace and defence applications.
Novel digital technique for assessing circumferential peri-implant bone height
Authors: Sokolowski Armin , Gottschalk Benjamin , Glockner Sebastian , Steyer Elisabeth , Kalinova Katarina , Lorenzoni Martin , Sokolowski Alwin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
To introduce a novel digital technique for precise assessment of peri-implant bone heights, enhancing accuracy and objectivity in dental implantology research.

Methods
This study utilized digital intraoral scans and digitized impressions obtained during implant exposure surgery, combined with computer-aided design (CAD) software, to measure peri-implant bone heights accurately during flap-raising procedures. The peri-implant bone measurements were quantified circumferentially and validated through a comparative analysis of intraoral and extraoral scans.

Results
The technique demonstrated high precision, with a strong correlation (ICC = 0.902) between bone heights determined from intraoral and extraoral scans, highlighting minimal deviations and similar measurement outcomes. This approach enables comprehensive circumferential data and surface area measurements of peri-implant bone levels.

Conclusion
The proposed digital technique provides an objective, reliable method for peri-implant bone height assessment, offering precise, reproducible data that addresses the limitations of traditional probing and conventional imaging methods. This technique has broad applicability in dental implantology research, particularly for assessing peri-implant bone levels when a flap is raised.
Utilization and associated factors of growth monitoring and promotion services among young children in Gorkha district of Nepal
Authors: Upadhyay Jagat Prasad , Paneru Damaru Prasad , Sharma Yam Prasad , Khadka Nava Raj 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Promotion of child health during the first thousand days from conception to the child’s second birthday is vital for survival, growth and development. Growth monitoring and promotion services are key to the early detection of growth faltering and preventing malnutrition and promoting child health. This study aimed to assess the utilization of Growth Monitoring and Promotion (GMP) services and its associated factors among young children in Gorkha district of Nepal.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gorkha district, involving 290 mother-child pairs, from April 2024 to June 2024. Multistage random sampling was used to select mothers. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics involving multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with GMP service utilization.

Results
Only 5.5% of children had completed the recommended 24 GMP visits according to protocol, while 23.8% utilized GMP services more than 15 times, which represents the 75th percentile of service utilization. Mothers who had good knowledge had significantly higher (adjusted OR = 4.23, 95% CI: 2.070–8.650, p < 0.001) GMP service utilization among their children than those counterpart mothers with poor knowledge about the GMP services. The main reasons for not regular utilizing GMP services included the time constraints and their household responsibilities (85%).

Conclusion
This study reported the low utilization of GMP services among children in Gorkha district. Maternal knowledge on GMP service emerged as the primary predictor of GMP service utilization and maternal engagement in the household activities explores as a leading barrier to GMP service utilization. Enhancing maternal knowledge through community engagement strategies and improving the monitoring mechanism within the health systems could increase GMP utilization.
Sequential pulmonary functions in survivors of leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Priyankara Dilshan , Ruwanpathirana Pramith , Rambukwella Roshan , Perera Nilanka 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Leptospirosis, a spirochaete infection, can lead to Leptospirosis Pulmonary Haemorrhage Syndrome (LPHS), which requires intensive care admission and has a high mortality. Although data on short-term outcomes are available, the long-term respiratory sequelae of LPHS survivors are not known. We aimed to identify the post-discharge pulmonary functions and functional limitations in survivors of LPHS.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study from January to December 2022 at the Medical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka to assess the sequential changes in the spirometry parameters in patients who survived LPHS. The Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1) were measured on the day of discharge from the ICU (D0), 7th day after discharge (D7) and 28th day after discharge (D28). The predicted lung volume was calculated using the gender, age and height as per standard protocol. Physical and functional role limitations were assessed on D28 using the modified Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36).

Results
Twenty-one patients with a mean age of 44 years (SD 16.07) were enrolled for the study. The majority were male patients (n = 19, 90.5%). Leptospirosis was serologically confirmed in all individuals. Seventeen (81%) patients had reduced FEV1 and FVC on D0, indicating a restrictive lung abnormality. FVC and FEV1 improved during the first 7 days (p < 0.01) but did not change significantly afterwards. Only seven individuals (33.3%) achieved a normal FVC (exceeding 80% of the predicted volume) at D28. However, 19 (90.5%) individuals achieved a normal FEV1 (exceeding 80% of predicted volume) by D28. In our study, administering corticosteroids during ICU stay did not impact lung recovery in FVC (p = 0.521) or FEV1 (p = 0.798). The participants did not have significant physical, functional, and role limitations at D28.

Conclusions
The spirometry measurements of individuals diagnosed with LPHS significantly improved during the first 7 days. Most survivors did not have a functional impairment despite the FVC not recovering to normal by D28.