bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-redshift JWST predictions from IllustrisTNG: dust modelling and galaxy luminosity functions
Authors: Vogelsberger Mark , Nelson Dylan , Pillepich Annalisa , Shen Xuejian , Marinacci Federico , Springel Volker , Pakmor Rüdiger , Tacchella Sandro , Weinberger Rainer , Torrey Paul , Hernquist Lars 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) promises to revolutionize our understanding of the early Universe, and contrasting its upcoming observations with predictions of the Λ cold dark matter model requires detailed theoretical forecasts. Here, we exploit the large dynamic range of the IllustrisTNG simulation suite, TNG50, TNG100, and TNG300, to derive multiband galaxy luminosity functions from z = 2 to z = 10. We put particular emphasis on the exploration of different dust attenuation models to determine galaxy luminosity functions for the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), and apparent wide NIRCam bands. Our most detailed dust model is based on continuum Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations employing observationally calibrated dust properties. This calibration results in constraints on the redshift evolution of the dust attenuation normalization and dust-to-metal ratios yielding a stronger redshift evolution of the attenuation normalization compared to most previous theoretical studies. Overall we find good agreement between the rest-frame UV luminosity functions and observational data for all redshifts, also beyond the regimes used for the dust model calibrations. Furthermore, we also recover the observed high-redshift (z = 4–6) UV luminosity versus stellar mass relation, the H α versus star formation rate relation, and the H α luminosity function at z = 2. The bright end (MUV &gt; −19.5) cumulative galaxy number densities are consistent with observational data. For the F200W NIRCam band, we predict that JWST will detect ∼80 (∼200) galaxies with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 (5) within the NIRCam field of view, $2.2\times 2.2 \, {\rm arcmin}^{2}$, for a total exposure time of $10^5\, {\rm s}$ in the redshift range z = 8 ± 0.5. These numbers drop to ∼10 (∼40) for an exposure time of $10^4\, {\rm s}$.
Tidal disruption of planetary bodies by white dwarfs I: a hybrid sph-analytical approach
Authors: Malamud Uri , Perets Hagai B 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We introduce a new hybrid method to perform high-resolution tidal disruption simulations, at arbitrary orbits. An sph code is used to simulate tidal disruptions only in the immediate spatial domain of the star, namely, where the tidal forces dominate over gravity, and then during the fragmentation phase in which the emerging tidal stream may collapse under its own gravity to form fragments. Following each hydrodynamical simulation, an analytical treatment is then applied to instantaneously transfer each fragment back to the tidal sphere for its subsequent disruption, in an iterative process. We validate the hybrid model by comparing it to both an analytical impulse approximation model of single tidal disruptions, as well as full-scale sph simulations spanning the entire disc formation. The hybrid simulations are essentially indistinguishable from the full-scale sph simulations, while computationally outperforming their counterparts by orders of magnitude. Thereby our new hybrid approach uniquely enables us to follow the long-term formation and continuous tidal disruption of the planet/planetesimal debris, without the resolution and orbital configuration limitation of previous studies. In addition, we describe a variety of future directions and applications for our hybrid model, which is in principle applicable to any star, not merely white dwarfs.
Tidal disruption of planetary bodies by white dwarfs – II. Debris disc structure and ejected interstellar asteroids
Authors: Malamud Uri , Perets Hagai B 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We make use of a new hybrid method to simulate the long-term, multiple-orbit disc formation through tidal disruptions of rocky bodies by white dwarfs, at high-resolution and realistic semimajor axis. We perform the largest yet suite of simulations for dwarf and terrestrial planets, spanning four orders of magnitude in mass, various pericentre distances, and semimajor axes between 3 and 150 au. This large phase space of tidal disruption conditions has not been accessible through the use of previous codes. We analyse the statistical and structural properties of the emerging debris discs, as well as the ejected unbound debris contributing to the population of interstellar asteroids. Unlike previous tidal disruption studies of small asteroids which form ring-like structures on the original orbit, we find that the tidal disruption of larger bodies usually forms dispersed structures of interlaced elliptic eccentric annuli on tighter orbits. We characterize the (typically power law) size distribution of the ejected interstellar bodies as well as their composition, rotation velocities, and ejection velocities. We find them to be sensitive to the depth (impact parameter) of the tidal disruption. Finally, we briefly discuss possible implications of our results in explaining the peculiar variability of Tabby’s star, the origin of the transit events of ZTF J0139+5245 and the formation of a planetary core around SDSS J1228+1040.
K2 observations of the pulsating subdwarf B stars UY Sex and V1405 Ori
Authors: Reed M D , Yeager M , Vos J , Telting J H , Østensen R H , Slayton A , Baran A S , Jeffery C S 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We processed and analysed K2 observations of the pulsating subdwarf-B (sdBV) stars UY Sex and V1405 Ori. We detect 97 p-mode pulsations in UY Sex while we discover V1405 Ori to be a rare rich hybrid pulsator with over 100 p-mode pulsations and 19 g-mode pulsations. We detect frequency multiplets, which we use to identify pulsation modes as well as determine rotation periods. For UY Sex, we find a rotation period of the envelope of 24.6 ± 3.5 d and for V1405 Ori, we find a rotation period of 0.555 ± 0.029 d for the p modes and a marginal detection of 4.2 ± 0.4 d for the g modes. We discover that V1405 Ori is unique among sdBV stars observed to date. It is a rich hybrid pulsator, allowing us to simultaneously probe the envelope and interior; its frequency multiplets indicate V1405 Ori to be rotating differentially with the core rotating more slowly than the envelope, and it is also in a short-period binary (0.398 d) with an envelope that is nearly but not quite tidally locked. For both stars, we have obtained spectroscopic follow-up observations and examine combining them with Gaia parallaxes and archival photometry to determine fundamental properties. Our derived masses are inconsistent with spectroscopy and previous determinations and indicate problems with the methodology.
A search for pulsars in subdwarf B binary systems and discovery of giant-pulse emitting PSR J0533−4524
Authors: Oostrum L C , van Leeuwen J , Maan Y , Coenen T , Ishwara-Chandra C H 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Binary millisecond pulsars (MSPs) provide several opportunities for research of fundamental physics. However, finding them can be challenging. Several subdwarf B (sdB) binary systems with possible neutron star companions have been identified, allowing us to perform a targeted search for MSPs within these systems. Six sdBs with companions in the neutron star mass range, as determined from their optical light curves, were observed with the Green Bank and Westerbork radio telescopes. The data were searched for periodic signals as well as single pulses. No radio pulsations from sdB systems were detected, down to an average sensitivity limit of $0.11\,$mJy. We did, however, discover a pulsar in the field of sdB HE0532−4503. Follow-up observations with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope showed that this pulsar, J0533−4524, is not spatially coincident with the sdB system. The pulsar has a relatively low magnetic field but still emits giant pulses. We place an upper limit of three to the number of radio pulsars in the six sdB systems. The non-detections may be explained by a combination of the MSP beaming fraction, luminosity, and a recycling fraction &lt;0.5. Alternatively, the assumption of corotation between the MSP and sdB may break down, which implies the systems are more edge-on than previously thought. This would shift the predicted companion masses into the white dwarf range. It would also explain the relative lack of edge-on sdB systems with massive companions.
Sperm ultrastructure in the ocean quahogArctica islandica(Arcticidae) andNeotrapezium sublaevigatum(Trapezidae), with a discussion of relationships within the Arcticoidea and with other Euheterodonta (Bivalvia)
Authors: Healy John M , Mikkelsen Paula M , Bieler Rüdiger 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTSperm ultrastructure is described for the ocean quahog Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767) (Arcticidae), a long-lived, and commercially and phylogenetically important marine bivalve from the North Atlantic, and for Neotrapezium sublaevigatum (Lamarck, 1819), an Indo-Pacific member of the only other family of Arcticoidea (Trapezidae). Spermatozoa of A. islandica consist of (in anterior to posterior sequence): an elongate-conical, deeply invaginated, acrosomal vesicle (length 2.0 ± 0.2 μm; invagination occupied by a granular subacrosomal material); a straight, anteriorly-tapered, rod-shaped nucleus (length 6.6 ± 0.4 μm); a short (approximately 0.8 μm) midpiece consisting of two orthogonally arranged centrioles, surrounded by four (approximately 75% of spermatozoa observed) or, less commonly, five (approximately 25% of spermatozoa observed) spherical mitochondria; nine satellite fibres connecting the distal centriole to mitochondria and the plasma membrane; and a flagellum (length 60 ± 5.0 μm, with 9+2 axoneme), originating from the distal centriole. Contents of the acrosomal vesicle of A. islandica are differentiated into a very electron-dense basal ring (with reticulate structure) and two less electron-dense zones. Spermatozoa of N. laevigatum (Lamarck, 1819) differ substantially from those of A. islandica and are characterized by: a rounded-conical, deeply invaginated, acrosomal vesicle (length 0.43 ± 0.2 μm), with a curved basal ring and two less conspicuous components; a barrel-shaped nucleus (length 1.6 ± 0.5 μm) with a broad apical depression accommodating the base of the acrosomal vesicle; a midpiece composed of five (approximately 80% of spermatozoa observed) or four (approximately 20% of spermatozoa observed) mitochondria. Centriolar and flagellar details are essentially as for A. islandica, and putative glycogen deposits are associated with the distal centriole and mitochondria in both species. Sperm data corroborate recent transcriptomic analyses separating Arcticidae and Trapezidae in different imparidentian clades. Based on sperm morphology, A. islandica would appear more closely related to the Glauconomidae of the Cyrenoidea than to the Trapezidae, Veneroidea or any other previously examined group of euheterodonts, suggesting that it could be the only living member of the Arcticoidea. The relationships of the Trapezidae remain uncertain, with apparent sperm similarities to members of several groups of euheterodonts (e.g. Tellinoidea, Pholadoidea, Galeommatoidea), while several potentially closely related key taxa (e.g. Glossidae) remain unstudied for sperm characters.
On the Good that Moves Us
Authors: Deonna Julien A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, I provide a detailed characterization of being moved, which I claim is a distinct emotion. Being moved is the experience of being struck by the goodness of some specific positive value being exemplified. I start by expounding this account. Next, I discuss three issues that have emerged in the literature regarding it. These concern respectively the valence of being moved, the scope of the values that may constitute its particular objects, and the cognitive sophistication required for experiencing it. My main contention is that when we understand that the presence of the specific positive value must be apprehended as finally, importantly, and impersonally good to trigger being moved, these issues do not arise.
Stress-induced lncRNA LASTR fosters cancer cell fitness by regulating the activity of the U4/U6 recycling factor SART3
Authors: De Troyer Linde , Zhao Peihua , Pastor Tibor , Baietti Maria Francesca , Barra Jasmine , Vendramin Roberto , Dok Ruveyda , Lechat Benoit , Najm Paul , Van Haver Delphi , Impens Francis , Leucci Eleonora , Sablina Anna A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Dysregulated splicing is a common event in cancer even in the absence of mutations in the core splicing machinery. The aberrant long non-coding transcriptome constitutes an uncharacterized level of regulation of post-transcriptional events in cancer. Here, we found that the stress-induced long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), LINC02657 or LASTR (lncRNA associated with SART3 regulation of splicing), is upregulated in hypoxic breast cancer and is essential for the growth of LASTR-positive triple-negative breast tumors. LASTR is upregulated in several types of epithelial cancers due to the activation of the stress-induced JNK/c-JUN pathway. Using a mass-spectrometry based approach, we identified the RNA-splicing factor SART3 as a LASTR-interacting partner. We found that LASTR promotes splicing efficiency by controlling SART3 association with the U4 and U6 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP) during spliceosome recycling. Intron retention induced by LASTR depletion downregulates expression of essential genes, ultimately decreasing the fitness of cancer cells.
Benefits and risks of frequent or longer haemodialysis: weighing the evidence
Authors: Sarafidis Pantelis , Faitatzidou Danai , Papagianni Aikaterini 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Although the ability of individuals with end-stage renal disease to maintain body homoeostasis is equally impaired during all weekdays, conventional haemodialysis (HD) treatment is scheduled thrice weekly, containing two short and one long interdialytic interval. This intermittent nature of HD and the consequent fluctuations in volume, metabolic parameters and electrolytes have long been hypothesized to predispose to complications. Large observational studies link the first weekday with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Several schemes of frequent and/or longer, home or in-centre HD have been introduced, aiming to alleviate the above risks by both increasing total dialysis duration and reducing the duration of interdialytic intervals. Observational studies in this field have non-uniform results, showing that enhanced frequency in home (but not in-centre) HD is associated with reduced mortality. Evidence from the randomized Daily and Nocturnal Trials of the Frequent HD Network suggest the opposite, showing mortality benefits with in-centre daily but not with home nocturnal dialysis. Secondary analyses of these trials indicate that daily and nocturnal schedules do not have equal effects on intermediate outcomes. Alternative schemes, such as thrice weekly in-centre nocturnal HD or every-other-day HD, seem to also offer improvements in several intermediate endpoints, but need further testing with randomized trials. This review summarizes the effects of frequent and/or longer HD methods on hard and intermediate outcomes, attempting to provide a balanced overview of the field.
Foci of Segmentally Contracted Sarcomeres in Trapezius Muscle Biopsy Specimens in Myalgic and Nonmyalgic Human Subjects: Preliminary Results
Authors: Gerwin Robert D , Cagnie Barbara , Petrovic Mirko , Van Dorpe Jo , Calders Patrick , De Meulemeester Kayleigh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe myofascial trigger point hypothesis postulates that there are small foci of contracted sarcomeres in resting skeletal muscle. Only one example, in canine muscle, has been published previously. This study evaluated human muscle biopsies for foci of contracted sarcomeres.SettingThe Departments of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy at Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.SubjectsBiopsies from 28 women with or without trapezius myalgia were evaluated, 14 in each group.MethodsMuscle biopsies were obtained from regions of taut bands in the trapezius muscle and processed for light and electron microscopy and for histochemical analysis. Examination of the biopsies was blinded as to group.ResultsA small number of foci of segmentally contracted sarcomeres were identified. One fusiform segmental locus involved the entire muscle fiber in tissue from a myalgic subject. Several transition zones from normal to contracted sarcomeres were found in both myalgic and nonmyalgic subjects. The distance between Z-lines in contracted sarcomeres was about 25–45% of the same distance in normal sarcomeres. Z-lines were disrupted and smeared in the contracted sarcomeres.ConclusionsA small number of foci of segmentally contracted sarcomeres were found in relaxed trapezius muscle in human subjects, a confirmation of the only other example of spontaneous segmental contraction of sarcomeres (in a canine muscle specimen), consistent with the hypothesis of trigger point formation and with the presence of trigger point end plate noise.
Effectiveness of an Evidence-Based Amputee Rehabilitation Program: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gailey Robert , Gaunaurd Ignacio , Raya Michele , Kirk-Sanchez Neva , Prieto-Sanchez Luz M , Roach Kathryn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite the prevalence of lower limb amputation (LLA), only a small percentage of people with LLA actually receive physical therapy post amputation and are rehabilitated to their full potential level of function. There is a need for the development of a rehabilitation program that targets impairments and limitations specific to people with LLA.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine whether the Evidence-Based Amputee Rehabilitation program would improve functional mobility of people with unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA) who have already completed physical therapy and prosthetic training.

Design
This study was a randomized, wait-list control, single-blinded pilot clinical trial.

Setting
This study researched participants who had received postamputation rehabilitation to varying degrees, either in an inpatient and/or outpatient settings.

Participants
The participants in this study included veterans and nonveterans with unilateral TTA due to dysvascular disease and trauma.

Intervention
This study included a prescription-based rehabilitation program for people with amputations.

Measurements
Results were measured with The Amputee Mobility Predictor with (AMPPro) and without a prosthesis (AMPnoPro) and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) at baseline and at the end of the 8-week intervention.

Results
The intervention group improved on the AMPPro scores (36.4 to 41.7), AMPnoro scores (23.2 to 27.1), and 6MWT distance (313.6 to 387.7 m). The effect size for the intervention was very large (1.32). In contrast, the wait-list control group demonstrated no change in AMPPro scores (35.3 to 35.6), AMPnoPro scores (24.7 to 25.0), and 6MWT distance (262.6 m to 268.8 m).

Limitations
The sample size was small. A total 326 potential candidates were screened with 306 unable to meet inclusion criteria or unwilling to participate.

Conclusion
People with unilateral TTA who received Evidence-Based Amputee Rehabilitation program demonstrated significant improvement in functional mobility, with most participants (66.7%) improved at least 1 K-level (58.3%) and greater than the minimal detectable change (66.7%).
Distinct xylem responses to acute vs prolonged drought in pine trees
Authors: Guérin Marceau , von Arx Georg , Martin-Benito Dario , Andreu-Hayles Laia , Griffin Kevin L , McDowell Nate G , Pockman William , Gentine Pierre 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Increasing dryness challenges trees’ ability to maintain water transport to the leaves. Most plant hydraulics models use a static xylem response to water stress. Yet, in reality, lower soil moisture and warmer temperatures during growing seasons feed back onto xylem development. In turn, adjustments to water stress in the newly built xylem influence future physiological responses to droughts. In this study, we investigate the annual variation of anatomical traits in branch xylem in response to different soil and atmospheric moisture conditions and tree stress levels, as indicated by seasonal predawn leaf water potential (ΨL,pd). We used a 6-year field experiment in southwestern USA with three soil water treatments applied to Pinus edulis Engelm trees—ambient, drought (45% rain reduction) and irrigation (15–35% annual water addition). All trees were also subject to a natural 1-year acute drought (soil and atmospheric) that occurred during the experiment. The irrigated trees showed only moderate changes in anatomy-derived hydraulic traits compared with the ambient trees, suggesting a generally stable, well-balanced xylem structure under unstressed conditions. The artificial prolonged soil drought increased hydraulic efficiency but lowered xylem construction costs and decreased tracheid implosion safety ((t/b)2), suggesting that annual adjustments of xylem structure follow a safety–efficiency trade-off. The acute drought plunged hydraulic efficiency across all treatments. The combination of acute and prolonged drought resulted in vulnerable and inefficient new xylem, disrupting the stability of the anatomical trade-off observed in the rest of the years. The xylem hydraulic traits showed no consistent direct link to ΨL,pd. In the future, changes in seasonality of soil and atmospheric moisture are likely to have a critical impact on the ability of P. edulis to acclimate its xylem to warmer climate. Furthermore, the increasing frequency of acute droughts might reduce hydraulic resilience of P. edulis by repeatedly creating vulnerable and less efficient anatomical structure.
Post-Traumatic Hindfoot Arthritis
Authors: Stephens Andrew R. , Grujic Leslie 
Published: January 2020

Summary:
The hindfoot is functionally defined as the articulations between the talus, calcaneus, navicular, and cuboid. It is a biomechanically important peritalar unit for shock absorption and propulsion with the subtalar and talonavicular joint essential to its function. The primary cause of hindfoot arthritis is post-traumatic. Other causes include long-term misalignment such as adult-acquired flatfoot, cavus foot, and inflammatory arthritis. Prevention of post-traumatic hindfoot arthritis is the primary objective. Anatomical reduction and fixation of articular hindfoot fractures is the preferred pathway. This article discusses the principles of treatment of hindfoot arthritis. When post-traumatic changes cannot be managed by nonsurgical means, an anatomical well-aligned arthrodesis is indicated. This article addresses the principles of managing this condition, which have been championed by Professor Sigvard T. Hansen. New approaches and techniques are discussed that achieve the goals of a stable, functional plantigrade foot.
Technique for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Lateral Process Talus Fractures
Authors: Romeo Nicholas M. , Benirschke Stephen K. , Firoozabadi Reza 
Published: January 2020

Summary:
Lateral process fractures of the talus may occur either in isolation or in combination with a talar neck or body fracture. Screw fixation has been well described as a means of stabilization; however, many patients have multifragmentary fragments, unable to be controlled by isolated screw fixation alone. Plate fixation of the lateral process has been yet to be described in detail with presence of a clinical series. Here, we describe our technique of plate fixation for both isolated lateral process fractures and those that occur in conjunction with talar neck or body fracture.