bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of pH on transport of arsenate (As5+) through different reactive media using column experiments and transport modeling
Authors: Chotpantarat Srilert , Amasvata Chonnikarn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis research aims to evaluate the effects of pH, including both acidic and neutral conditions to simulate an acid mine environment, on the sorption and transport of As(V) in contaminated groundwater through different reactive materials by using column experiments and mathematical modeling. Six saturated columns were set up to evaluate the migration and removal efficiency of As(V) with three different materials acting as permeable reactive barrier (PRB) media under different pH conditions (pH 4 and pH 7). The reactive materials consisted of pure sand (control column), iron oxide-coated sand (IOCS) and a combination of IOCS and zero-valent iron-coated sand (ZVICS) (ZVICS + IOCS). According to the column experiments, the descending order of removal capacity (mg As/g) for ZVICS + IOCS, IOCS and sand was 0.452 > 0.062 > 0.0027 mg As/g at pH 4 and 0.117 > 0.0077 > 0.0022 mg As/g, respectively, at pH 7. The column experiments showed that the removal and retardation factor (RF) of As(V) generally increased with decreasing pH. The SEM images and the corresponding EDX spectra of acid-washed natural sand, IOCS and ZVICS + IOCS from the columns showed that the peak of As was detectable on the reactive materials. The mechanism of As(V) sorption onto sand at pH 4 and pH 7 corresponded to the uniform (equilibrium) solute transport model, whereas the IOCS and ZVICS + IOCS columns corresponded to the two-site model (TSM) with the Freundlich isotherm. The fraction of instantaneous sites (f) for As(V) sorption onto IOCS and ZVICS + IOCS appeared to decrease with increasing pH, especially for ZVICS + IOCS, which indicates that nonequilibrium sorption/desorption mainly dominated during As(V) migration.
Characterisation of HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology in Nigeria: Origin, Diversity, Demography and Geographic Spread
Authors: Nazziwa Jamirah , Faria Nuno Rodrigues , Chaplin Beth , Rawizza Holly , Kanki Phyllis , Dakum Patrick , Abimiku Alash’le , Charurat Man , Ndembi Nicaise , Esbjörnsson Joakim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNigeria has the highest number of AIDS-related deaths in the world. In this study, we characterised the HIV-1 molecular epidemiology by analysing 1442 HIV-1polsequences collected 1999–2014 from four geopolitical zones in Nigeria using state-of-the-art maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. The main circulating forms were the circulating recombinant form (CRF) 02_AG (44% of the analysed sequences), CRF43_02G (16%), and subtype G (8%). Twenty-three percent of the sequences represented unique recombinant forms (URFs), whereof 37 (11%) could be grouped into seven potentially novel CRFs. Bayesian phylodynamic analysis suggested that five major Nigerian HIV-1 sub-epidemics were introduced in the 1960s and 1970s, close to the Nigerian Civil War. The analysis also indicated that the number of effective infections decreased in Nigeria after the introduction of free antiretroviral treatment in 2006. Finally, Bayesian phylogeographic analysis suggested gravity-like dynamics in which virus lineages first emerge and expand within large urban centers such as Abuja and Lagos, before migrating towards smaller rural areas. This study provides novel insight into the Nigerian HIV-1 epidemic and may have implications for future HIV-1 prevention strategies in Nigeria and other severely affected countries.
p38 MAPK signalling regulates cytokine production in IL-33 stimulated Type 2 Innate Lymphoid cells
Authors: Petrova Tsvetana , Pesic Jelena , Pardali Katerina , Gaestel Matthias , Arthur J. Simon C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractType 2 Innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are implicated in helminth infections and asthma where they play a role in the production of Th2-type cytokines. ILC2s express the IL-33 receptor and are a major cell type thought to mediate the effects of this cytokinein vivo. To study the signalling pathways that mediate IL-33 induced cytokine production, a culture system was set up to obtain pure populations of ILC2s from mice. Inhibitors of the p38α/β and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways reduced the production of IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13 and GM-CSF by ILC2 in response to IL-33, with inhibition of p38 having the greatest effect. MK2 and 3 are kinases activated by p38α; MK2/3 inhibitors or knockout of MK2/3 in mice reduced the production of IL-6 and IL-13 (two cytokines implicated in asthma) but not IL-5, IL-9 or GM-CSF in response to IL-33. MK2/3 inhibition also suppressed IL-6 and IL-13 production by human ILC2s. MK2/3 were required for maximal S6 phosphorylation, suggesting an input from the p38α-MK2/3 pathway to mTOR1 activation in ILC2s. The mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin also reduced IL-6 and IL-13 production, which would be consistent with a model in which MK2/3 regulate IL-6 and IL-13 via mTORC1 activation in ILC2s.
Modern precipitation of hydrogenetic ferromanganese minerals during on-site 15-year exposure tests
Authors: Usui A. , Hino H. , Suzushima D. , Tomioka N. , Suzuki Y. , Sunamura M. , Kato S. , Kashiwabara T. , Kikuchi S. , Uramoto G.-I. , Suzuki K. , Yamaoka K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRedox-sensitive metallic elements, Mn and Fe, are oxidized in deep sea waters and form abundant ferromanganese crusts and nodules on the world’s ocean floors at ultraslow rates of growth. This process of oxidation and the mechanism of precipitation are yet unknown. In this paper, the results of the first successful, long-term, on-site experiment of mineral precipitation that ascertains modern, ongoing hydrogenetic deposition of oxide materials from normal seawaters at water depths of 900–4500 m of geologically active and inactive environments are presented. We succeeded in the in-situ precipitation experiment on the sea floor and characterized the precipitates using high-resolution and submicron-scale chemical, mineralogical, and structural analyses. The installed artificial plates of glass, ceramics, and plastic yielded spread-out particles of sizes varying from one to a few micrometers in diameter, of coccoid-like irregular shapes, with a maximum of 1,000–10,000 individual particles/mm2/year after 12–15 years of exposure. The results indicated a continuous substantial growth of the hydrogenetic minerals if both Mn and Fe are supplied to the bottom waters. The mineralogical, chemical, and structural properties of the precipitates are similar to those of the natural precipitates on the seabed that are made up of hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts and nodules, together with settling sediments, suspended hydrothermal particles, or microbial precipitates from cultivated Mn-oxidizing bacteria. Our work presents new realistic insight into proposed genetic models of marine hydrogenetic ferromanganese deposits in modern diverse ocean environments.
Alterations of estrous cycle, 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and progesterone synthesis in female rats after exposure to hypobaric hypoxia
Authors: Shaw Snigdha , Kumar Utkarsha , Bhaumik Gopinath , Reddy M. Prasanna Kumar , Kumar Bhuvnesh , Ghosh Dishari 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe underlying mechanism regulating hypoxia induced alteration in female steroid hormones is first time explored in this study. To understand the mechanistic approach, female Sprague- Dawley rats were exposed to acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia (282 mm-Hg, ~7620 m, 6 hours, 3 and 7 days). Estrous cycle, body weight, plasma progesterone and estradiol levels, morphology, histology and two key steroidogenic enzymes: 3ß hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17ß HSD activity of ovary and adrenal gland were studied. A persistent diestrous phase and a significant decrease in body weight were found in chronic hypoxia groups. Histological study suggested degenerative changes in ovarian corpus luteum of 7 days chronic hypobaric hypoxia (7CHH) group and a declined percentage of adrenocortical cells in 3 days chronic hypobaric hypoxia (3CHH) and 7CHH groups. Plasma estradiol level was unaltered, but progesterone level was decreased significantly in all hypoxic groups. Ovarian 3ß HSD activity was decreased significantly with increasing days of hypoxic treatment along with a significantly low adrenal 3ß HSD activity in 7CHH. In conclusion, hypobaric hypoxia causes a state of low circulatory progesterone level in females likely due to the degenerative changes in the female ovarian and adrenal tissues together with low steroidogenic 3ß HSD enzyme activity.
Intra- and extra-hospital improvement in ischemic stroke patients: influence of reperfusion therapy and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Hervella Pablo , Rodríguez-Castro Emilio , Rodríguez-Yáñez Manuel , Arias Susana , Santamaría-Cadavid María , López-Dequidt Iria , Estany-Gestal Ana , Maqueda Elena , López-Loureiro Ignacio , Sobrino Tomás , Campos Francisco , Castillo José , Iglesias-Rey Ramón 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeuroprotective treatments in ischemic stroke are focused to reduce the pernicious effect of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation. However, those cellular and molecular mechanisms may also have beneficial effects, especially during the late stages of the ischemic stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the clinical improvement of ischemic stroke patients and the time-dependent excitotoxicity and inflammation. We included 4295 ischemic stroke patients in a retrospective study. The main outcomes were intra and extra-hospital improvement. High glutamate and IL-6 levels at 24 hours were associated with a worse intra-hospital improvement (OR:0.993, 95%CI: 0.990–0.996 and OR:0.990, 95%CI: 0.985–0.995). High glutamate and IL-6 levels at 24 hours were associated with better extra-hospital improvement (OR:1.13 95%CI, 1.07–1.12 and OR:1.14, 95%CI, 1.09–1.18). Effective reperfusion after recanalization showed the best clinical outcome. However, the long term recovery is less marked in patients with an effective reperfusion. The variations of glutamate and IL6 levels in the first 24 hours clearly showed a relationship between the molecular components of the ischemic cascade and the clinical outcome of patients. Our findings suggest that the rapid reperfusion after recanalization treatment blocks the molecular response to ischemia that is associated with restorative processes.
One maternal lineage leads the expansion of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) in the New and Old Worlds
Authors: Machado Dayanna do N. , Costa Ervandil C. , Guedes Jerson V. C. , Barbosa Leonardo R. , Martínez Gonzalo , Mayorga Sandra I. , Ramos Sergio O. , Branco Manuela , Garcia André , Vanegas-Rico Juan Manuel , Jiménez-Quiroz Eduardo , Laudonia Stefania , Novoselsky Tania , Hodel Donald R. , Arakelian Gevork , Silva Horacio , Perini Clérison R. , Valmorbida Ivair , Ugalde Gustavo A. , Arnemann Jonas A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe bronze bug,Thaumastocoris peregrinus, an Australian native insect, has become a nearly worldwide invasive pest in the last 16 years and has been causing significant damage to eucalypts (Myrtaceae), includingEucalyptusspp. andCorymbiaspp. Its rapid expansion leads to new questions about pathways and routes thatT. peregrinusused to invade other continents and countries. We used mtDNA to characterize specimens ofT. peregrinuscollected from 10 countries where this species has become established, including six recently invaded countries: Chile, Israel, Mexico, Paraguay, Portugal, and the United States of America. We then combined our mtDNA data with previous data available from South Africa, Australia, and Europe to construct a world mtDNA network of haplotypes. Haplotype A was the most common present in all specimens of sites sampled in the New World, Europe, and Israel, however from Australia second more frequently. Haplotype D was the most common one from native populations in Australia. Haplotype A differs from the two major haplotypes found in South Africa (D and G), confirming that at least two independent invasions occurred, one from Australia to South Africa, and the other one from Australia to South America (A). In conclusion, Haplotype A has an invasion success over many countries in the World. Additionally, analyzing data from our work and previous reports, it is possible to suggest some invasive routes ofT. peregrinusto predict such events and support preventive control measures.
In Vitro CRISPR/Cas9-Directed Gene Editing to Model LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson’s Disease in Common Marmosets
Authors: Vermilyea Scott C. , Babinski Alexander , Tran Nina , To Samantha , Guthrie Scott , Kluss Jillian H. , Schmidt Jenna Kropp , Wiepz Gregory J. , Meyer Michael G. , Murphy Megan E. , Cookson Mark R. , Emborg Marina E. , Golos Thaddeus G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLeucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S is a relatively common mutation, associated with 1–3% of Parkinson’s disease (PD) cases worldwide. G2019S is hypothesized to increase LRRK2 kinase activity. Dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of PD patients carrying LRRK2 G2019S are reported to have several phenotypes compared to wild type controls, including increased activated caspase-3 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), autophagy dysfunction, and simplification of neurites. The common marmoset is envisioned as a candidate nonhuman primate species for comprehensive modeling of genetic mutations. Here, we report our successful use of CRISPR/Cas9 with repair template-mediated homology directed repair to introduce the LRRK2 G2019S mutation, as well as a truncation of the LRRK2 kinase domain, into marmoset embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. We found that, similar to humans, marmoset LRRK2 G2019S resulted in elevated kinase activity. Phenotypic evaluation after dopaminergic differentiation demonstrated LRRK2 G2019S-mediated increased intracellular ROS, decreased neuronal viability, and reduced neurite complexity. Importantly, these phenotypes were not observed in clones with LRRK2 truncation. These results demonstrate the feasibility of inducing monogenic mutations in common marmosets and support the use of this species for generating a novel genetic-based model of PD that expresses physiological levels of LRRK2 G2019S.
Nature more than nurture affects the growth rate of mussels
Authors: Prieto D. , Tamayo D. , Urrutxurtu I. , Navarro E. , Ibarrola I. , Urrutia M. B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that environmental trophic conditions prominent during the growing period (nurture conditions) can modify the differing physiological profiles between fast (F)- and slow (S)-growing juveniles of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Approximately 200 individuals were fed a high organic content diet dosed below the pseudofaeces threshold (BP), whereas another 200 were fed a low organic content diet dosed above the pseudofaeces threshold (AP), forcing them to maintain a continuous production of pseudofaeces. After 3 months, F and S individuals in each rearing condition were selected and used in feeding experiments. We measured the physiological parameters of the energy balance of selected F and S mussels fed on 4 different diets and tested the effects of the rearing condition (BP vs AP) and growth condition (F vs S) upon the physiological variables. Irrespective of the rearing condition, F-mussels attained higher values of scope for growth with the four experimental diets due to their capacity to display higher clearance rates and preingestive selection efficiencies. F-individuals also had higher gill-surface areas than S individuals. We discussed the role of the gills in determining inter-individual growth rate differences in the mussel.
Co-appearance of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in a Ca2RuO4 nanofilm crystal
Authors: Nobukane Hiroyoshi , Yanagihara Kosei , Kunisada Yuji , Ogasawara Yunito , Isono Kakeru , Nomura Kazushige , Tanahashi Keita , Nomura Takahiro , Akiyama Tomohiro , Tanda Satoshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBy tuning the physical and chemical pressures of layered perovskite materials we can realize the quantum states of both superconductors and insulators. By reducing the thickness of a layered crystal to a nanometer level, a nanofilm crystal can provide novel quantum states that have not previously been found in bulk crystals. Here we report the realization of high-temperature superconductivity in Ca2RuO4 nanofilm single crystals. Ca2RuO4 thin film with the highest transition temperature Tc (midpoint) of 64 K exhibits zero resistance in electric transport measurements. The superconducting critical current exhibited a logarithmic dependence on temperature and was enhanced by an external magnetic field. Magnetic measurements revealed a ferromagnetic transition at 180 K and diamagnetic magnetization due to superconductivity. Our results suggest the co-appearance of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in Ca2RuO4 nanofilm crystals. We also found that the induced bias current and the tuned film thickness caused a superconductor-insulator transition. The fabrication of micro-nanocrystals made of layered material enables us to discuss rich superconducting phenomena in ruthenates.
Extracting the Jugular Venous Pulse from Anterior Neck Contact Photoplethysmography
Authors: García-López Irene , Rodriguez-Villegas Esther 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe jugular venous pulse (JVP) is the reference physiological signal used to detect right atrial and central venous pressure (CVP) abnormalities in cardio-vascular diseases (CVDs) diagnosis. Invasive central venous line catheterization has always been the gold standard method to extract it reliably. However, due to all the risks it entails, novel non-invasive approaches, exploiting distance cameras and lasers, have recently arisen to measure the JVP at the external and internal jugular veins. These remote options however, constraint patients to very specific body positions in front of the imaging system, making it inadequate for long term monitoring. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, that reflectance photoplethysmography (PPG) can be an alternative for extracting the JVP from the anterior jugular veins, in a contact manner. Neck JVP-PPG signals were recorded from 20 healthy participants, together with reference ECG and arterial finger PPG signals for validation. B-mode ultrasound imaging of the internal jugular vein also proved the validity of the proposed method. The results show that is possible to identify the characteristic a, c, v pressure waves in the novel signals, and confirm their cardiac-cycle timings in consistency with established cardiac physiology. Wavelet coherence values (close to 1 and phase shifts of ±180°) corroborated that neck contact JVP-PPG pulses were negatively correlated with arterial finger PPG. Average JVP waveforms for each subject showed typical JVP pulses contours except for the singularity of an unknown "u" wave occurring after the c wave, in half of the cohort. This work is of great significance for the future of CVDs diagnosis, as it has the potential to reduce the risks associated with conventional catheterization and enable continuous non-invasive point-of-care monitoring of CVP, without restricting patients to limited postures.
Ganoderma lucidum cultivation affect microbial community structure of soil, wood segments and tree roots
Authors: Ren Fei , Zhang Yuguang , Yu Hai , Zhang Yong An 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe popular medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst. [Ling Zhi] has been widely used for the general promotion of health and longevity in Asian countries. Continuous cultivation may affect soil microbe and soil properties. However, the effect of G. lucidum cultivation on related wood segments, soil and tree roots microbial communities and soil properties is remain unknown. In our study, the microbial communities of soils, wood segments, and tree roots before and after G. lucidum cultivation were investigated by Illumina Miseq sequencing of both ITS and 16S rDNA, and taxonomic composition of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms were observed. Indices of microbial richness, diversity and evenness significantly differed between before and after G. lucidum cultivation. Each of the investigated sampling type harbored a distinctive microbial community and differed remarkably before and after G. lucidum cultivation. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota (fungi), Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria (bacteria) showed significant differences after Ling Zhi cultivation. The soil property values also changed after cultivation. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that both the fungal and bacterial community structure significantly correlated with soil humus, pH, nitrogen, carbon and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) contents. The results indicated that G. lucidum cultivation may have significant differed the associated microbial community structures and soil properties. The study will provide useful information for G. lucidum cultivation and under-forest economic development.
Factors influencing the accuracy for tissue classification in multi spectral in-vivo endoscopy for the upper gastro-internal tract
Authors: Hohmann Martin , Albrecht Heinz , Lengenfelder Benjamin , Klämpfl Florian , Schmidt Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHyper spectral imaging is a possible way for disease detection. However, for carcinoma detection most of the results are ex-vivo. However, in-vivo results of endoscopic studies still show fairly low accuracies in contrast to the good results of many ex-vivo studies. To overcome this problem and to provide a reasonable explanation, Monte-Carlo simulations of photon trajectories are proposed as a tool to generate multi spectral images including inter patient variations to simulate 40 patients. Furthermore, these simulations have the huge advantage that the position of the carcinoma is known. Due to this, the effect of mislabelled data can be studied. As shown in this study, a percentage of 30–35% of mislabelled data might lead to significant decrease of the accuracy from around 90% to around 70–75%. Therefore, the main focus of hyper spectral imaging has to be the exact characterization of the training data in the future.
Subtypes of anterior circulation large artery occlusions with acute brain ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Kun , Li Tong , Tian Jing , Li Peifang , Fu Baosheng , Yang Xiaoli , Liu Luji , Zhao Yanying , Lu Honglin , Zhao Pandi , Bu Kailin , Li Zhongzhong , Yuan Si , Wang Qisong , Zhang Yingzhen , Guo Li , Liu Xiaoyun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnterior circulation large artery occlusion (AC-LAO) related acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is particularly common in clinics in China. We retrospectively analyzed 787 consecutively hospitalized AIS patients with AC-LAO in Hebei Province, China. AC-LAO was defined as a complete occlusion of at least one intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) based on computed tomography or magnetic resonance angiography. Among eight subtypes of AC-LAO, unilateral MCA occlusion is the most common one (49.8%, n = 392), while bilateral ICA/unilateral MCA occlusion is the least (0.3%, n = 2). Compared with unilateral MCA and unilateral ICA occlusion, patients with tandem ICA/MCA and bilateral ICA/MCA occlusion had poor outcomes after suffering AIS. Age (OR 1.022; 95%CI, 1.007 to 1.036) was an independent risk factor for single artery progressed to multiple artery occlusion, while ApoA1 (OR 0.453; 95% CI, 0.235 to 0.953) was a protective factor. Patients with unilateral MCA occlusion were prone to artery-to-artery embolism infarction subtype, unilateral ICA occlusion group were the most vulnerable to hypoperfusion/impaired emboli clearance subtype. Our results suggested various AC-LAO subtypes have different clinical characteristics and prognosis and were prone to different subtypes of infarction. Customized preventive measures based on AC-LAO subtypes may be more targeted preventions of stroke recurrences for AIS patients and could improve their prognoses.