bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of EBUS‐TBNA and EUS‐B‐FNA in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Madan Karan , Iyer Hariharan , Madan Neha K. , Mittal Saurabh , Tiwari Pawan , Hadda Vijay , Mohan Anant , Pandey Ravindra M. , Kabra Sushil K. , Guleria Randeep 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEndobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) and transesophageal bronchoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐B‐FNA) are established modalities for evaluation of mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy in adults. Limited literature is available on the utility of these modalities in the pediatric population. Herein, we perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the yield and safety of EBUS‐TBNA and EUS‐B‐FNA in children.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of the PubMed and EMBASE databases to extract the studies reporting the utilization of EBUS‐TBNA/EUS‐B‐FNA in children (<18 years of age). The pooled diagnostic yield and sampling adequacy (proportions with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were calculated using meta‐analysis of proportions using the random effects model. Details of any procedure‐related complications were noted.ResultsThe search yielded 12 relevant studies (5 case series and 7 case reports on EBUS‐TBNA/EUS‐B‐FNA, 173 patients). Data from five case series (164 patients) were summarized for the calculation of the sampling adequacy and diagnostic yield. Safety outcomes were extracted from all publications. The pooled sampling adequacy and combined diagnostic yield of EBUS TBNA/EUS‐B‐FNA were 98% (95% CI, 92%–100%) and 61% (95% CI, 43%–77%), respectively. A procedure‐related major complication was reported in one patient (1/173, a major complication rate of 0.6%), and minor complications occurred in six patients (6/173, a minor complication rate of 3.5%).ConclusionsEBUS‐TBNA and EUS‐B‐FNA are safe modalities for evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in the pediatric population. EBUS‐TBNA/EUS‐B‐FNA may be considered as the first‐line diagnostic modalities for this indication, as they have a good diagnostic yield and can avoid the need for invasive diagnostic procedures.
Meridional movement of geopotential height anomalies in the subtropics and the relationship to the base‐state flow
Authors: Gahtan Jennifer , Roundy Paul E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQualities of the meridional movements of geopotential height anomalies in the upper troposphere of the subtropics are analysed via wavelet analysis using a meridional–temporal partial Morlet wavelet. Results show that power, which represents increased presence or amplitude of waves with direct meridional movement, is increased in regions where the corresponding equatorial winds in the upper troposphere are westerly or weakly easterly. Furthermore, equatorward power is enhanced near subtropical jet exit regions whereas poleward power is enhanced in jet entrance regions. Regressions of upper‐tropospheric winds, geopotential height, and outgoing long‐wave radiation (OLR) against the wavelet transforms demonstrate that the wavelets are identifying signals with tropical–extratropical interactions that are connected to organized convection in the tropics. The relationship of power with background‐state flow characteristics, including the horizontal winds and shear, are evaluated. Instead of the zonal wind and meridional shear of the zonal wind (du/dy), both the meridional wind and the zonal shear of the meridional wind (dv/dx) appear to have a clearer relationship with the power. Power is favoured for waves whose movement is aligned in the same direction as the meridional wind, and reduced in the opposite direction. Additionally, power increases with increasing zonal shear of the meridional wind in the Northern Hemisphere and with decreasing zonal shear of the meridional wind in the Southern Hemisphere. Power in the equatorward direction is stronger than in the poleward direction and more heavily influenced by background flow characteristics. Furthermore, power for wavelets with smaller meridional and temporal scales tends to have a higher sensitivity to the background horizontal flow as compared to larger meridional and temporal scales.
Relapsing paradoxical reaction in miliary tuberculosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Mobeireek Abdullah , Al Shekail Nasser A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParadoxical reaction (PR) after initiating anti‐tuberculous therapy (ATT) is a well‐recognized immune phenomenon. Less recognized, however, is a pulmonary reaction that is associated with miliary tuberculosis (TB), which can be a source of diagnostic confusion and progress to respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We report an elderly patient who developed PR associated with respiratory failure following ATT for miliary TB, with radiological and pathological documentation. He responded to corticosteroids, but relapsed twice when the dose was reduced. It is imperative to be familiar with this form of PR to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and initiate appropriate therapy.
Network‐based robust performance analysis for uncertain systems interconnected over an undirected graph
Authors: Zhang Dan , Xu Huiling , Chen Xuefeng , Zhai Xiaokai 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article aims at providing tractable conditions of robust performance (RP) analysis for interconnected uncertain system with networked communication, which is composed of heterogeneous uncertain subsystems connected over an undirected graph. Each subsystem communicates with its neighbors through local packet‐based communication network asynchronously and independently. First, the interconnected uncertain system with networked communication is modeled as a hybrid system. Then sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which are related to the interconnection structure and the maximum allowable transmission interval (MATI) of each local network, are derived such that the interconnected uncertain system is robustly asymptotically stable and achieves the desired RP. These conditions only depend on the parameters of individual subsystem and local network. Finally, an example of power system is given to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of our results.
Has the Presence of First‐Grade Core Reading Program Academic Vocabulary Changed Across Six Decades?
Authors: Fitzgerald Jill , Relyea Jackie Eunjung , Elmore Jeff , Hiebert Elfrieda H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine possible shifts in the presence of academic vocabulary across the past six decades for a continually best‐selling first‐grade core reading program. The authors examined seven program years dating from 1962 to 2013 and computationally determined four categories of academic vocabulary (science, mathematics, social studies, and general academic) in each program. The primary research question was, Did the volume of academic words in a program year rise with advancing years? A secondary supplementary question was, Did the propensity toward academic affinity of a program considered as a whole rise with advancing years? The authors employed two types of academic word measures: (1) A word was deemed to be academic or not, and if it was academic, it was assigned to one of the four academic categories, and then academic words were counted; and (2) a novel measure, academic affinity, was a continuous measure of the probability that a word was academic (in each of the four academic vocabulary categories). The authors conducted Poisson regression modeling and hierarchical generalized linear modeling. The main conclusions were that later first‐grade core reading program years included a moderately higher volume of science, social studies, and total academic words as compared with earlier years and that the science, social studies, and general academic affinity of the program as a whole was statistically higher in later years, but in practical terms, the change was not remarkable.
A model driven and clustering method for service identification directed by metrics
Authors: Daghaghzadeh Mohammad , Babamir Seyed Morteza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractService identification (SI) in the life cycle of service‐oriented architecture is a critical phase. Business models consisting of business process (BP) model and business entity (BE) model are the useful models that may be used for SI. To this end, SI is carried out by partitioning activities in BP based on the activities' use of the entities in BE. However, a proper partitioning activities to services, which is called a service design, is a challenge. This article aims to present a semiautomatized clustering method for partitioning the activities to services, which is directed by new proposed metrics cohesion, coupling, and granularity. With regard to the conflict of the metrics, a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) is used to clustering activities where the metrics are considered as objectives should be optimized. The MOEA produces a set of optimal solutions as proper identified services of a service design. Finally, we used three case studies to show the effectiveness of the proposed method and then evaluated the results.
Urban agriculture in Asia to meet the food production challenges of urbanization: A review
Authors: Akaeze Onyekachukwu , Nandwani Dilip 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUrban expansion in Asia is concentrated in metropolitan areas. This has adversely affected in‐city food production by decreasing farmlands in and around urban centers. Asian countries have experienced fast disappearance of urban‐fringe farmland which at some point provided 70% of the vegetables consumed by the city's population. Uneven distribution of incomes, along with an increase in urban poverty, has further exacerbated the already critical problems of low quantity and quality and high prices of wholesome food. In India, it is estimated that five out of every six urban families typically spend 70% of their income on food. The United Nations Development Program reports that some 200 million people are employed in urban farming and related enterprises, contributing to the food supply of 800 million urban dwellers. Also, over 85% of the vegetables consumed by the urban population in some Chinese cities are reportedly grown within the bounds of the municipality and an estimated ¥ 2.6 trillion worth of products is produced in “urban‐like areas”. These statistics show that depending solely on rural agriculture to supply the food needs of urban dwellers in Asia is inadequate. This paper highlights compelling evidence in available literature lending support to urban agriculture as a viable option to overcoming food production challenges and adverse effects of urbanization such as environmental pollution and “urban poverty” in Asia.
Data mining privacy preserving: Research agenda
Authors: Kreso Inda , Kapo Amra , Turulja Lejla 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the modern days, the amount of the data and information is increasing along with their accessibility and availability, due to the Internet and social media. To be able to search this vast data set and to discover unknown useful data patterns and predictions, the data mining method is used. Data mining allows for unrelated data to be connected in a meaningful way, to analyze the data, and to represent the results in the form of useful data patterns and predictions that help and predict future behavior. The process of data mining can potentially violate sensitive and personal data. Individual privacy is under attack if some of the information leaks and reveals the identity of a person whose personal data were used in the data mining process. There are many privacy‐preserving data mining (PPDM) techniques and methods that have a task to preserve the privacy and sensitive data while providing accurate data mining results at the same time. PPDM techniques and methods incorporate different approaches that protect data in the process of data mining. The methodology that was used in this article is the systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. This article identifieds the current trends, techniques, and methods that are being used in the privacy‐preserving data mining field to make a clear and concise classification of the PPDM methods and techniques with possibly identifying new methods and techniques that were not included in the previous classification, and to emphasize the future research directions.This article is categorized under:
Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Security and Privacy
Error bounds and enclosures: The development of numerical analysis and the impact of the contributions by Lothar Collatz
Authors: Alefeld Götz , Plum Michael , Wieners Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn 1933 Lothar Collatz published his very first article in Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik (ZAMM) on error estimates for finite difference methods for partial differential equations. At that time, numerics meant calculations of approximations by hand and mechanical calculators. Then, in the next decades, parallel to the progress in computer technology, more and more methods were developed. Nevertheless, in all cases the accuracy of numerical approximations is limited, so that at least rough error bounds or, at best, tight enclosures are required for the reliability of the numerical scheme and the validation of the approximate results. Here, we recall the early development of numerical analysis of differential equations, of numerical iterations, and for the approximation of eigenvalues.
Bioinformatics Application with Kubeflow for Batch Processing in Clouds
Authors: Yuan David Yu , Wildish Tony 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Bioinformatics pipelines make extensive use of HPC batch processing. The rapid growth of data volumes and computational complexity, especially for modern applications such as machine learning algorithms, imposes significant challenges to local HPC facilities. Many attempts have been made to burst HPC batch processing into clouds with virtual machines. They all suffer from some common issues, for example: very high overhead, slow to scale up and slow to scale down, and nearly impossible to be cloud-agnostic.
We have successfully deployed and run several pipelines on Kubernetes in OpenStack, Google Cloud Platform and Amazon Web Services. In particular, we use Kubeflow on top of Kubernetes for more sophisticated job scheduling, workflow management, and first class support for machine learning. We choose Kubeflow/Kubernetes to avoid the overhead of provisioning of virtual machines, to achieve rapid scaling with containers, and to be truly cloud-agnostic in all cloud environments.
Kubeflow on Kubernetes also creates some new challenges in deployment, data access, performance monitoring, etc. We will discuss the details of these challenges and provide our solutions. We will demonstrate how our solutions work across all three very different clouds for both classical pipelines and new ones for machine learning.
Analytical description of CP violation in oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos traversing the Earth
Authors: Ioannisian Ara , Pokorski Stefan , Rosiek Janusz , Ryczkowski Michał 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Flavour oscillations of sub-GeV atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos, traversing different distances inside the Earth, are a promising source of information on the leptonic CP phase δ. In that energy range, the oscillations are very fast, far beyond the resolution of modern neutrino detectors. However, the necessary averaging over the experimentally typical energy and azimuthal angle bins does not wash out the CP violation effects. In this paper we derive very accurate analytic compact expressions for the averaged oscillations probabilities. Assuming spherically symmetric Earth, the averaged oscillation probabilities are described in terms of two analytically calculable effective parameters. Based on those expressions, we estimate maximal magnitude of CP-violation effects in such measurements and propose optimal observables best suited to determine the value of the CP phase in the PMNS mixing matrix.
Towards a benchmark of abdominal CT use during duty shifts: 15-year sample from the Netherlands
Authors: Mengou Iliana V. , Yakar Derya , Kasalak Ömer , Kwee Thomas C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate temporal changes in the utilization and patient impact of abdominal CT during duty shifts in the past 15 years.

Methods
This study included a random sample of 1761 abdominal CT scans that were made during evening and night duty shifts in a tertiary care center between 2005 and 2019.

Results
The number of CT scans significantly increased (almost threefold) between 2005 and 2019 (Mann–Kendall tau of 0.829, P < 0.001). The proportion of negative CT scans (i.e., the absence of findings related to the reason that the CT scan was made and no disease deterioration or other new and clinically relevant findings compared to a previous imaging examination when available) was 40.0% (700/1749) in the entire 15-year study frame and did not significantly change over time (Mann–Kendall tau of − 0.219, P = 0.276). The overall frequency of same-day hospital discharge after negative CT was 20.6% (150/729) in the past 15 years and showed a significant increase over time (Mann–Kendall tau of 0.505, P = 0.010). The overall proportion of CT scans with incidental findings was 3.4% (60/1761) and remained statistically stable over the past 15 years (Mann–Kendall tau of − 0.057, P = 0.804).

Conclusion
Over the past 15 years, the number of CT scans and the frequency of same-day hospital discharge after negative CT have increased, while the proportions of negative CT scans and incidental findings have remained stable in our tertiary care center. The data from this study can be used for interinstitutional benchmarking to define, monitor, and improve the appropriateness of imaging utilization.
Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis: Diagnostic value of liver magnetic resonance parametric mapping including extracellular volume fraction
Authors: Mesropyan Narine , Kupczyk Patrick , Dold Leona , Weismüller Tobias J. , Sprinkart Alois M. , Mädler Burkhart , Pieper Claus C. , Kuetting Daniel , Strassburg Christian P. , Attenberger Ulrike , Luetkens Julian A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated chronic liver disease that leads to severe fibrosis and cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of T1 and T2 mapping as well as extracellular volume fraction (ECV) for non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in AIH patients.

Methods
In this prospective study, 27 patients (age range: 19–77 years) with AIH underwent liver MRI. T1 and T2 relaxation times as well as ECV were quantified by mapping techniques. The presence of significant fibrosis (≥ F2) was defined as magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)-based liver stiffness ≥ 3.66 kPa. MRE was used as reference standard, against which the diagnostic performance of MRI-derived mapping parameters was tested. Diagnostic performance was compared by utilizing receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
MRE-based liver stiffness correlated with both, hepatic native T1 (r = 0.69; P < 0.001) as well as ECV (r = 0.80; P < 0.001). For the assessment of significant fibrosis, ECV yielded a sensitivity of 85.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 60.1–96.0%) and a specificity of 84.6% (CI 60.1–96.0%); hepatic native T1 yielded a sensitivity of 85.7% (CI 60.1–96.0%); and a specificity of 76.9% (CI 49.7–91.8%). Diagnostic performance of hepatic ECV (area under the curve (AUC): 0.885), native hepatic T1 (AUC: 0.846) for assessment of significant fibrosis was similar compared to clinical fibrosis scores (APRI (AUC: 0.852), FIB-4 (AUC: 0.758), and AAR (0.654) (P > 0.05 for each comparison)).

Conclusion
Quantitative mapping parameters such as T1 and ECV can identify significant fibrosis in AIH patients. Future studies are needed to explore the value of parametric mapping for the evaluation of different disease stages.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Children: Clinicopathological Profile and Outcomes of Management
Authors: Thomas John K. , Kurian Jujju Jacob , Cherian Anish Jacob , Hephzibah Julie , Paul M. J. , Abraham Deepak Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aim to analyze the clinicopathological profile and outcomes of management for children with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsRelevant clinical data of children ≤ 18 years of age managed for PTC between January 2006 and July 2018 as well as details of their follow‐up till December 2019 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.ResultsThere were 82 children with PTC that were managed during the study period. At presentation, 39 (47.6%) had cervical lymphadenopathy, while 9 (11%) had systemic metastasis. Majority of patients 39 (47.6%) underwent total thyroidectomy with a selective neck dissection, while total thyroidectomy alone was performed in 26 (31.7%). Following surgery, hypocalcemia was seen in 39 (47.6%): 28 (34.1%) were temporary, while 11 (13.4%) were permanent. Twenty‐eight (34%) developed persistent disease after surgery and 131I therapy. Significant risk factors for persistence and metastatic disease were metastatic cervical lymph node at presentation (p = 0.002) and tumor size (p = 0.014), respectively. The mean duration of follow‐up was 60.3 (range 12–150) months with a mean overall disease‐free survival of 60 months (95% CI 57.11, 77.95).ConclusionChildren with papillary thyroid cancers present with aggressive disease, 47.6% with cervical nodal metastasis and 11% with distant metastasis in this cohort. The rate of post‐thyroidectomy hypocalcemia in this study is substantial, and efforts to reduce it are actively being pursued. The presence of metastatic cervical lymph node at presentation (p = 0.002) and tumor size (p = 0.014) were the only significant risk factors for persistent and metastatic disease, respectively, in this study.
Early results of a real-world series with two transapical transcatheter mitral valve replacement devices
Authors: Ludwig S. , Kalbacher D. , Schofer N. , Schäfer A. , Koell B. , Seiffert M. , Schirmer J. , Schäfer U. , Westermann D. , Reichenspurner H. , Blankenberg S. , Lubos E. , Conradi L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTranscatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) with dedicated devices promises to fill the treatment gap between open-heart surgery and edge-to-edge repair for patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). We herein present a single-centre experience of a TMVR series with two transapical devices.Methods and resultsA total of 11 patients were treated with the Tendyne™ (N = 7) or the Tiara™ TMVR systems (N = 4) from 2016 to 2020 either as compassionate-use procedures or as commercial implants. Clinical and echocardiographic data were collected at baseline, discharge and follow-up and are presented in accordance with the Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium (MVARC) definitions.The study cohort [age 77 years (73, 84); 27.3% male] presented with primary (N = 4), secondary (N = 5) or mixed (N = 2) MR etiology. Patients were symptomatic (all NYHA III/IV) and at high surgical risk [logEuroSCORE II 8.1% (4.0, 17.4)]. Rates of impaired RV function (72.7%), severe pulmonary hypertension (27.3%), moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation (63.6%) and prior aortic valve replacement (63.6%) were high. Severe mitral annulus calcification was present in two patients. Technical success was achieved in all patients. In 90.9% (N = 10) MR was completely eliminated (i.e. no or trace MR). Procedural and 30-day mortality were 0.0%. At follow-up NYHA class was I/II in the majority of patients. Overall mortality after 3 and 6 months was 10.0% and 22.2%.ConclusionsTMVR was performed successfully in these selected patients with complete elimination of MR in the majority of patients. Short-term mortality was low and most patients experienced persisting functional improvement.Graphic abstract