bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of the Hub–Filament System G33.92+0.11: Local Interplay between Gravity, Velocity, and Magnetic Field
Authors: Wang Jia-Wei , Koch Patrick M. , Galván-Madrid Roberto , Lai Shih-Ping , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Lin Sheng-Jun , Pattle Kate 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The formation of filaments in molecular clouds is an important process in star formation. Hub–filament systems (HFSs) are a transition stage connecting parsec-scale filaments and protoclusters. Understanding the origin of HFSs is crucial to reveal how star formation proceeds from clouds to cores. Here we report James Clerk Maxwell telescope POL-2 850 μm polarization and IRAM 30 m C18O (2–1) line observations toward the massive HFS G33.92+0.11. The 850 μm continuum map reveals four major filaments converging to the center of G33.92+0.11 with numerous short filaments connecting to the major filaments at local intensity peaks. We estimate the local orientations of filaments, magnetic field, gravity, and velocity gradients from observations, and we examine their correlations based on their local properties. In the high-density areas, our analysis shows that the filaments tend to align with the magnetic field and local gravity. In the low-density areas, we find that the local velocity gradients tend to be perpendicular to both the magnetic field and local gravity, although the filaments still tend to align with local gravity. A global virial analysis suggests that the gravitational energy overall dominates the magnetic and kinematic energy. Combining local and global aspects, we conclude that the formation of G33.92+0.11 is predominantly driven by gravity, dragging and aligning the major filaments and magnetic field on the way to the inner dense center. Traced by local velocity gradients in the outer diffuse areas, ambient gas might be accreted onto the major filaments directly or via the short filaments.
Atebetü’l-Hakayık’ın Semerkant Nüshası’nda Transliterasyona Dair Bazı Meseleler
Authors: ÇUBUKCU Melek 
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, İslami döneme ait bir eser olan Atebetü’l- Hakayık’ın Uygur harfli Semerkant nüshasında bazı transliterasyon farklılıklarına değinilecektir. Çalışmada Atebetü’l- Hakayık’ın Semerkant nüshasından hareketle, Reşit Rahmeti Arat’ın okuyuşunda ve tarafımca yapılan okumada ortaya çıkan farklı yazım özellikleri tespit edilecektir. Bu farklılıklar ünlüler ve ünsüzler olarak iki farklı grupta değerlendirilecektir. Bu çalışma için öncelikle, Reşit Rahmeti Arat’ın “Atebetü’l- Hakayık” yayınından Semerkant nüshasına ait olan kısımlar çıkarılmış ve Semerkant nüshasına özgü bir metin oluşturulmuştur. Bunun için gerek Arat’ın verdiği metinden, gerekse dipnotlardan faydalanılmıştır. İkinci okuma ise Arat’tan tamamen bağımsız olarak, tarafımca, yalnızca nüsha dikkate alınarak yapılmıştır.
Verilen örneklerden ilki Reşit Rahmeti Arat’ın “Atebetü’l- Hakayık” yayınından alınmıştır. İkinci kısımdaki örnek ise kelimenin yazımının “uygun olduğu düşünülen” biçimidir. Verilen örneklerin yanına sırasıyla, kelimenin ait oldugu nüsha, sayfa sayısı ve satır numarası eklenmiştir.
Ünlülerin tamamı için örnekler tespit edilmiş olup, ünsüzler için ise yalnızca /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/ ünsüzleri ile ilgili örnekler bulunabilmiştir.
Bu çalışmanın, Uygur harfli metinler üzerinde çalışma yapmış ya da yapacak olan araştırmacılara farklı bir bakış açısı sağlayacağı düşüncesindeyim.
Language Ideologies, Language Policies and their Translation into Fiscal Policies in the U.S. Perspectives of Language Education Community Stakeholders
Authors: Başok Emre , Sayer Peter 
Published: December 2020

This study explored the potential effects of the Trump administration’s proposed budget cuts through the lens of language ideologies in the language education community. This community includes English as a second language (ESL), dual language bilingual programs, and world/foreign language education. The Trump administration proposed cuts totaling $4 billion by eliminating or reducing major language education programs. Through semi-structured interviews, the researchers explored the perspectives of stakeholders who would be impacted. Six participants who are actively involved in the language education community at different levels including ESL, dual language bilingual, and world language educators, administrators and coordinators of language education programs in the U.S. participated in this study. Thematic analysis of the interview data indicated that all participants from different stakeholder groups were ideologically aligned with the pluralist views. The budget cuts were perceived as representative of broader assimilationist ideology. The negative impacts of eliminations on teacher professional development programs, K-12 public education, post-secondary language education, and world language education in America were expressed by the participants. The participants’ counter arguments to the proposed budget eliminations are presented. This study has implications for the language education community, language policy makers, and educational policy planners in the U.S.
A COGNITIVE STUDY OF METAPHOR TRANSLATION IN “TRAVELLING FAR AWAY FROM MT. JINGMEN”
Authors: Huang Shanshan , Wang Feng 
Published: December 2020

<p>“<em>Travelling Far Away from Mt. Jingmen</em>” (渡荆门送别) is written by Li Bai, a famous poet of the Tang Dynasty, on his way out of Sichuan. As a masterpiece of Li Bai’s poetry, the poem is full of imagination, making people unconsciously indulge in it. Since half lines of the poem are related to metaphors, this paper makes a detailed study of the metaphors in the poem and their English translations based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Image Schema Theory, and points out some characteristics of metaphor translation in the poem.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0666/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Penerapan Metode Haversine Formula Untuk Penentuan Titik Kumpul pada Aplikasi Tanggap Bencana
Authors: Abadi Nugroho Abadi Nugroho 
Published: December 2020

Kota Bontang terletak di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Indonesia merupakan salah satu kota yang paling rawan terjadinya bencana. Saat ini belum ada media khusus dalam proses penyampaian informasi mengenai kejadian bencana dan informasi titik kumpul, banyaknya berita atau informasi yang tidak dapat dipercaya sumbernya dan lambatnya penanganan kebencanaan karena harus mengecek keakuratan informasi kejadian bencana terlebih dahulu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat aplikasi yang dapat memberikan informasi bencana dan mencari titik kumpul dengan jarak terdekat menggunakan metode Haversine Formula serta teknologi Google Maps. Haversine Formula merupakan sebuah persamaan dalam navigasi dengan cara memberikan jarak radius (lingkaran besar) antara dua titik pada permukaan bola (bumi) berdasarkan lintang dan bujur. Pembuatan aplikasi ini dibangun dengan Android Developer Tools dengan bahasa pemrograman Java. Metodologi pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah GRAPPLE (Guidelines for Rapid APPlication Enggineering). Metode Grapple terdiri dari 5 tahap yaitu Requirement Gathering, Analysis, Design, Development, dan Deployment. Penelitian ini hanya sampai tahap Development. Halaman web disusun dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP Native dan MySQL sebagai database dari aplikasi ini. Dari hasil penelitian ini, tercipta aplikasi informasi bencana dan titik kumpul untuk menetukan jarak terdekat dengan lokasi pengguna. Berdasarkan dari pengujian kelayakan aplikasi dari 10 responden menyatakan aplikasi ini layak digunakan dan dipublikasikan ke masyarakat.

Kata kunci : Android, Bencana, Grapple, Haversine Formula
Müzekki'n Nüfus'ta Fütüvvet
Authors: ÖZKAN Ahmet 
Published: December 2020

Fütüvvet. İslam’ın ilk yıllarından itibaren Müslümanların gündeminde olmuş bir kavramdır. En geniş anlamıyla Hz. Peygamber’in güzel ahlakını yaşamayı ve yaşatmayı amaç edinir. Bu yönüyle zaman zaman tasavvuf ile eş anlamda kullanılmıştır. Bu konuya özel yazılmış fütüvvetnâmeler olduğu gibi diğer tasavvufî eserler içinde fütüvvete özel bölümler ayrılmıştır. Tasavvufi eserlerde izah edilen birçok husus adına fütüvvet denmese de fütüvvet ile aynı çizgidedir.
Eşrefoğlu Rûmî, XV. Yüzyılda yaşamış, kendi devrinde Türkçe yazmış olduğu eserleri ve söylediği şiirleri ile tasavvuf kültürünün halka benimsetilmesinde büyük gayretleri olmuş bir mutasavvıftır. Onun en çok bilinen eseri “Müzekki’n-Nüfûs” ise kendi devrinde olduğu kadar sonraki devirlerde de meşhur olmuş, Osmanlı Devleti’nde en çok okunan ilk beş kitap arasına girmiştir. Tasavvufi ahlak kitabı olarak nitelendirilen bu eser aynı zamanda fütüvvetnâmelerde fet’aların özellikleri olarak zikredilen ahlaki hususları içermektedir. Bu makalede, Eşrefoğlu’nun Müzekki’n-Nüfûs adlı eserinde yer alan fütüvvet unsurları incelenmiş, fütüvvetnâmeler ile mukayese edilerek söz konusu unsurlar tespit edilmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir.
IDENTIFICACION DE BACTERIAS DIAZOTRÓFICAS RIZOSFÉRICAS Y ENDÓFITAS ASOCIADAS A Lycopersicon esculentum Mill EN EL NORTE DE SANTANDER, COLOMBIA
Authors: Moreno Rozo Laura Y. , Galvis Serrano Fabián 
Published: December 2020

Las bacterias diazotróficas pueden estimular el crecimiento del cultivo del tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) mediante la síntesis de hormonas, fijación de N y producción de sideróforos, u otros procesos. Las bacterias diazotróficas predominantes en los agroecosistemas pueden ser biofertilizantes potenciales. El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar y caracterizar la población de bacterias diazotróficas rizosféricas en muestras de suelo rizosférico (SR) y bacterias diazotróficas endófitas en muestras de raíces (R) y material foliar (MF), mediante pruebas fenotípicas y moleculares. El estudio fue exploratorio y con un muestreo aleatorio, con 18 muestras SR, raíces (R) y MF de cultivos de tomate en seis fincas. Las diferencias en el número más probable (NMP) de bacterias diazotróficas no fueron significativas entre los sitios de las muestras de MF y R. La media de NFb mostró diferencias altamente significativas en Azotobacter sp. y Azospirillum sp. entre las muestras de SR, R y MF, con un NMP mayor y menor en SR y MF. Esto se relaciona con la caracterización fenotípica y bioquímica de SR donde se identificaron 14 aislados como Azotobacter sp. y siete como Azospirillum sp. Los géneros Burkholderia y Gluconacetobacter no mostraron diferencias significativas en el número de aislados entre muestras de SR y R, pero sí respecto a MF, con la población celular menor. Las diferencias entre las fincas no fueron significativas en las variables del suelo relacionadas con la disimilitud de NMP. La caracterización molecular permitió identificar A. chroococcum, A. nigricans, A. vinelandii, A. brasilense, B. glumae y G. azotocaptans/G. johannae en muestras de SR; B. glumae, G. azotocaptans/G. johannae en muestras de R y G. azotocaptans/G. johannae en muestras de MF.

Palabras claves: diazotróficas, endófitas, rizosféricas, Lycopersicon esculentum Norte de Santander.
The Battle for Guatemala: Multilevel Governance and the Nation-state
Authors: Alvarez Gloriana Rodriguez 
Published: December 2020

Although a brutal Civil War ended in 1996 and a democratisation process was initiated, Guatemalan statehood remains contested. Due to a historical process defined by elite capture and extreme repression, the State never fully consolidated. As a result, formal institutions tasked with political and economic governance are not as robust or effective as the informal institutions. There have been important developments. For instance, a myriad of social actors was able to carve out a space of public political and economic resistance which continues to this day. Notwithstanding these advances, Guatemala is now facing widespread insecurity as a result of the rise of transnational drug-trafficking, and the presence of gangs and cartels. The current crisis has worsened historic and structural injustices. In this regard, security governance is never an isolated issue. It is deeply interwoven with political and economic forms of governance. Due to the weak political governance, cartels and gangs can operate with near impunity. Then, because of weak economic governance, there are countless desperately poor youths willing to enter the drug trade. To address these security issues, it is crucial to look at the institutional, political and social factors which have shaped the national context.
OPTIMALISASI MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN PENDIDIKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hikmah Hikmah 
Published: December 2020

Lahirnya undang-undang No. 22 tahun 1999 tentang otonomi daerah berpengaruh terhadap pengelolaan pendidikan di Indonesia. Satu sisi otonomi menjadi peluang bagi satuan pendidikan untuk mengelola sekolah sendiri baik dalam aspek pengembangan kurikulum maupun aspek pendanaan, namun di sisi lain menjadi ancaman manakala sekolah tidak memiliki kesiapan baik dari segi sumberdaya manusianya (SDM) maupun pembiayaannya, oleh karena itu kompetensi kepala sekolah dalam manajemen keuangan sekolah mutlak diperlukan sehingga baik guru maupun karyawan dapat menyelenggarakan pendidikan yang berkualitas.
The Effective School Strategic Plan Implementation: A Best Practice of School Improvement
Authors: Nugraha Dera , Reftyawati Dian , Sari Yeasy Agustina 
Published: December 2020

Schools face the social changes quickly that was caused by the global village phenomenon. It makes schools’ strategic plans and their implementation strategies becoming important topics to be discussed. This study aimed to know how the implementation of State of Junior High School (SMP) Islam Cendekia Cianjur strategic plan during academic year 2018/2019. A school in West Java addresses religious and globally competed graduation. The research used qualitative-descriptive. Collecting data used observation, interview, and document analysis instruments. The finding showed that SMP Islam Cendekia Cianjur achieved maximum result in implementing annual work plan. Almost all program objectives were realized, some even exceeded the annual targets set due to their well-organized of strategic plan and the accuracy of its implementation strategy. The collaboration of principal’s managerial and social competencies and participative leadership approach have proven effectively in embodying school annual work plan. The principal succeed in improving educators’ competencies and their working performances, as well as in collaboration with various potential parties. The challenges were related to school human resources.
Keywords: Effective School. Strategic Plan Implementation
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Matematika dengan Menggunakan Metode Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TGT (Team Games Tournament) Pada Siswa Kelas VII Negeri 4 Siborongborong
Authors: Hutagalung S Lumumba 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article was to determine the effect of cooperative learning TGT (Team Games Tournament) in learning outcomes of Mathematics material numbers for the seventh grade students of State of Junior High School (SMPN) 4 Siborongborong, to find out how the high students’ learning achievement by applying TGT type cooperative learning method. This research used classroom action research as much as three cycles. Each round consists of four stages, namely design, activity and observation, reflection, and refinement. The targets of this research were students of class VII SMPN 4 Siborongborong, Siborongborong District. The data obtained in the form of formative test results, observation sheets of teaching and learning activities. The result found that the student achievement increased from cycle I up to cycle III namely, cycle I (66.67%), cycle II (79.17%), cycle III (91.67%). The conclusion of this study was the cooperative method of the TGT model have a positive effect on student achievement in class VII SMPN 4 Siborongborong and it’s learning model can be used as an alternative to mathematics learning.
Keywords: Cooperative Method, TGT (Team Games Tournament), Students’ Learning Achievement
Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Dalam Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Irianisyah Srie , Harapan Edi , Houtman Houtman 
Published: December 2020

This study illustrated the implementation of supervision by school principals, particularly in the use of instructional media during the teaching and learning process in 90 Seberang Ulu II Palembang Primary Schools. This research method uses qualitative research methods and data collection is done by direct observation techniques in the field, documentation and interviews with teachers and school officials. The results showed that the implementation of academic supervision of the use of instructional media in Palembang 90 Primary School uses different techniques. To find out the use of instructional media objectively during the teaching and learning process, the Principal of State Elementary School 90 conducted a class visit supervision technique and also an individual meeting technique with a direct approach in accordance with a predetermined plan. There are factors that inhibit the implementation of academic supervision. The two factors influence the implementation of media use supervision learning in Palembang 90 Primary School. Nevertheless, all problems can be overcome until the supervision of the use of instructional media is carried out properly.
Keywords: Supervision of the Pprincipals, Learning Media
Pengaruh Komunikasi Interpersonal dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru
Authors: Nilasari Suyeti , Fitria Happy , Rohana Rohana 
Published: December 2020

This study determined the effect of interpersonal communication and work discipline on teacher performance. This study used quantitative methods. The sample of this research was 50 teachers of SMA Negeri 21 Palembang. Data were collected through questionnaires, documentation study, and observation. Data were analyzed using classical assumption test, multiple linear tests, coefficient of determination test and f-test. The results of this study indicate that there is partially and simultaneously significant effect of interpersonal communication and work discipline on the performance of teachers in SMA Negeri 21 Palembang.
Keywords: Teacher’s Performance, Interpersonal Communication, Work Discipline
Efektivitas Penggunaan Pembelajaran Daring Edmodo Berbantuan Quizstar untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa
Authors: Wajong Aaltje D.C , Ridwan Ridwan , Sangi Nontje 
Published: December 2020

This article aims to determine the effectiveness of using Edmodo-based online learning with the help of Quizstar to improve student learning outcomes for electric lighting installations. The research method used quasi-experimental design. Observation sheets and documentary studies were analyzed in this study. The subject were 43 students that consist of experimental class 21 and the control class 22 students. The research was conducted in six meetings, each class, namely three times meetings. The results showed the value of t count <t table (3.501 <1.997). This means that Ho is rejected so that Ha is accepted or it can be said that online learning using quizstar assisted edmodo is more effective than learning blogs for students majoring in electrical engineering education for semester 3 in the electrical power installation course..
Key words: Edmodo, Quizstar, Edmodo-based Online Learning
Leveranciers van elektriciteit en warmte in financiële moeilijkheden: een verkenning van de wettelijke regelingen
Authors: van Asperen P. , Koster H. 
Published: December 2020

Leveranciers van elektriciteit en warmte in financiële moeilijkheden: een verkenning van de wettelijke regelingen
In dit artikel onderzoeken de auteurs de regelingen uit de Elektriciteitswet 1998 en de Warmtewet die gericht zijn op het voorkomen van financiële problemen dan wel de toezichthouder de mogelijkheid geven in te grijpen als dat nodig is. Deze regelingen zijn bedoeld ter bescherming van afnemers tegen die situaties waarbij een leverancier van elektriciteit of warmte in de financiële problemen komt. Zij vergelijken deze regelingen met de regelingen uit de Wet op het financieel toezicht of Europese regelgeving gericht op het voorkomen van financiële problemen bij banken. De auteurs kiezen voor deze vergelijking met banken omdat deze ondernemingen, net als bij elektriciteit en warmte, een maatschappelijke functie kunnen vervullen. De vraag die zij stellen, is of de regelingen voor banken een inspiratiebron kunnen zijn voor het waarborgen van de belangen van de afnemers van elektriciteit en warmte.
Rental Policy of Military Combat Equipment for National Defense: A Trial
Authors: Sarjito Aris , Thamrin Suyono , Saragih Herlina J. R. 
Published: December 2020

Aims: The purpose of this research is to analyze the rental policy of military combat equipment for national defense.
Study Design: This study is descriptive and employed qualitative approaches.
Methodology: This study uses a qualitative analysis approach that aims to analyze the policy of renting combat equipment for the military, using rental theory as an analytical tool supported by policy theory, national defense, threat perception, and national security.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia in September – October 2020.
Results: The results of this study are: (1) Indonesia has a firm stance on China's claims in Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) to defend its sovereignty in the Natuna Sea; (2) Indonesia's national security is related to how to maintain Indonesia's territorial sovereignty as a whole as a nation. The responsible institution is the TNI; (3) the basis of national defense is the Indonesian National Army which is developed as a defense asset that is professionally trained and equipped with modern technology; and (4) the policy of renting combat equipment to strengthen the military presence in Natuna is a step that must be seriously considered. There are many advantages to renting rather than buying: renters don't pay for repairs, renters get nice stuff too expensive for owners, renters don't tie up their money, renters have more bargaining power at work, renters have more flexibility in recessions, and renting can be good for the economy and the climate.