bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varying diffusion time to discriminate between simulated skeletal muscle injury models using stimulated echo diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Berry David B. , Englund Erin K. , Galinsky Vitaly , Frank Lawrence R. , Ward Samuel R. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeEvaluate the relationship between muscle microstructure, diffusion time (Δ), and the diffusion tensor (DT) to identify the optimal Δ where changes in muscle fiber size may be detected.MethodsThe DT was simulated in models with histology informed geometry over a range of Δ with a stimulated echo DT imaging (DTI) sequence using the numerical simulation application DifSim. The difference in the DT at each Δ between healthy and injured skeletal muscle models was calculated, to identify the optimal Δ at which changes in muscle fiber size may be detected. The random permeable barrier model (RPBM) was used to estimate muscle microstructure from the simulated DT measurements, which were compared to the ground truth.ResultsAcross all models, fractional anisotropy provided greater contrast between injured and control models than diffusivity measurements. Compared to control models, in atrophic injury models, the greatest difference in the DT was found between 90 ms and 250 ms. In models with acute edema, the contrast between injured and control muscle increased with increasing diffusion time, although these models had smaller mean fiber areas. RPBM systematically underestimated fiber size but accurately estimated surface area‐to‐volume ratio of simulated models.ConclusionThese findings may better inform pulse sequence parameter selection when performing DTI experiments in vivo. If only a single diffusion experiment can be performed, the selected Δ should be ~170 ms to maximize the ability to discriminate between different injury models. Ideally several diffusion times between 90 ms and 500 ms should be sampled in order to maximize diffusion contrast, particularly when the disease process is unknown.
Electrically adjusted infrared transmittance of a functioned silicon via an au nano‐cone metasurface
Authors: Wei Dong , Hu Chai , Chen Mingce , Shi Jiashuo , Luo Jun , Wang Haiwei , Xie Changsheng , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA type of electrically adjusted infrared transmittance material is constructed by an n‐type silicon nano‐cone metasurface coating with a 30 nm thick Au film, and then an Al foil is adhered on the back of the metasurface. Two types of nano‐cone are fabricated. The average height of both the nano‐cone structures is ∼230 nm. The top angle of each nano‐cone frame is ∼16° and ∼17°, and their arranging frequency 2 µm−1 and 1 µm−1, respectively. Through the material, a relatively wide regulation of the infrared (IR) transmittance can be achieved by electrically driving a couple of cascade Schottky barrier formed at the interface of Au film and the nano‐patterned silicon and also another interface between the Al foil tape and the bottom surface of the silicon. By applying a voltage between the top Au film and the bottom Al foil, the IR transmittance of the material can be adjusted remarkably and becomes zero as the Au film is switched to the positive. Typically, the transmittance of 2.2 µm wavelength lasers normally incident upon the nano‐patterned facet of the material can be adjusted from ∼21% to ∼65% for a voltage variance of 0 V to −5 V.
Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors Over 6 Years in Young Adults in a Randomized Trial of Weight Gain Prevention
Authors: Wing Rena R. , Espeland Mark A. , Tate Deborah F. , Perdue Letitia H. , Bahnson Judy , Polzien Kristen , Ferguson Robichaud Erica , LaRose Jessica Gokee , Gorin Amy A. , Lewis Cora E. , Jelalian Elissa ,   for the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention Research Group
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the impact of weight gain prevention interventions on changes in cardiovascular risk factors over 6 years.MethodsThe Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) randomized 599 participants (ages 18‐35; 46% with BMI 21‐25; 54% with BMI 25‐30) to Large Changes (produce buffer by losing 5‐10 pounds initially), Small Changes (daily small changes in intake and activity) or Control and followed 355 participants with ongoing intervention and assessments through 6 years.ResultsThere were no significant differences among interventions for changes in weight or cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors from baseline to 6 years. However, 44% of participants gained ≥5%, and only 14% lost ≥5% over 6 years. Weight changes, from baseline to year 6, were significantly associated with changes in risk factors, especially insulin and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Earlier weight changes (e.g., weight cycling) had no beneficial or adverse effect on changes in CVD risk factors at 6 years, independent of 6‐year weight changes.ConclusionsDespite participation in a weight gain prevention trial, almost half of these young adults gained ≥5% or more over 6 years, with significant worsening in CVD risk factors. Greater attention to long‐term weight gain prevention in young adults is needed.
Association Between Ketosis and Changes in Appetite Markers with Weight Loss Following a Very Low‐Energy Diet
Authors: Martins Catia , Nymo Siren , Truby Helen , Rehfeld Jens F. , Hunter Gary R. , Gower Barbara A. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine whether the degree of ketosis, measured as plasma β‐hydroxybutyrate (βHB) in fasting, was associated with changes in appetite feelings and plasma concentration of appetite‐related hormones after weight loss.MethodsA total of 87 individuals with obesity (BMI: 36.5 ± 4.0 kg/m2; age: 42.4 ± 9.7 years; 39 males) underwent 8 weeks of a very low‐energy diet. Body weight/composition, plasma concentration of βHB, and appetite‐related hormones (active ghrelin, active glucagon‐like peptide 1 [GLP‐1], total peptide YY, cholecystokinin [CCK], and insulin) and subjective appetite feelings were measured at baseline and week 9.ResultsParticipants lost 17.7 ± 4.1 kg and were ketotic (βHB: 1.24 ± 0.82 mmol/L in fasting) at week 9. A negative association was found between βHB in fasting at week 9 and changes in basal (r = −0.315, P = 0.003) and postprandial ghrelin concentration (r = −0.286, P = 0.008), and a positive association was found with the change in postprandial GLP‐1 (r = 0.244, P = 0.025) and CCK (r = 0.228, P = 0.035). No association was seen between βHB in fasting and changes in peptide YY or subjective feelings of appetite.ConclusionsβHB plasma concentration in fasting is associated with lower concentrations of the hunger hormone ghrelin and increased concentrations of the satiety hormones GLP‐1 and CCK. Future studies should explore the molecular mechanisms by which βHB modulates the secretion of gut hormones.
Everolimus Plus Exemestane Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Previously Treated with CDK4/6 Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Cook Madeline M. , Al Rabadi Luai , Kaempf Andy J. , Saraceni Megan M. , Savin Michael A. , Mitri Zahi I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The combination of everolimus (EVE) and exemestane (EXE) is approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (mHRBC) who progress on nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI) therapy. However, none of the patients enrolled in the trial that led to this approval (BOLERO-2) had previously received CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6is), which have since become a frontline standard of care for mHRBC. As such, the clinical benefit of EVE plus EXE in patients who have previously received CDK4/6is remains unknown.

Materials and Methods
Adult patients with mHRBC at our institution who progressed on an NSAI plus CDK4/6i or NSAI therapy alone and were treated with at least one cycle of EVE plus EXE between 2012 and 2018 were analyzed. Collected data included patient demographics, treatment history, adverse events, and clinical outcomes. Primary objectives were to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between patients who received prior NSAI plus CDK4/6i therapy versus an NSAI alone.

Results
Among 43 patients, 17 had prior CDK4/6i exposure. With the exception of de novo metastatic disease, patient and disease characteristics were comparable across treatment cohorts. There was no significant difference in PFS (median, 3.6 vs. 4.2 months) or OS (median, 15.6 vs. 11.3 months) between patients who had received prior CDK4/6is and those who had not, respectively.

Conclusion
Prior exposure to CDK4/6i therapy did not impact survival outcomes for patients with mHRBC taking EVE plus EXE. However, there was a trend toward improved OS in the CDK4/6i cohort that should be evaluated in larger cohorts.

Implications for Practice
The use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor has become a standard frontline therapy in metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. An approved subsequent line of therapy is everolimus plus exemestane; however, the original data supporting this therapy predated approval of CDK4/6 inhibitors. As such, the clinical benefit of everolimus and exemestane in patients previously treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor was unknown. This retrospective cohort study offers real-world data demonstrating prior CDK4/6 inhibitor exposure does not impact survival outcomes for everolimus plus exemestane.
Evaluation of knowledge and comfort with opioid prescribing among pediatric hematology/oncology fellows
Authors: MacDonell‐Yilmaz Rebecca E. , Murillo Anarina , Panicker Cia , Welch Jennifer G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeficits in knowledge and comfort related to pain management have been demonstrated in adult hematology/oncology fellows. No such evaluation has been undertaken in pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO) trainees.ProcedureAn IRB‐approved survey was administered to PHO fellows throughout the United States (US) to assess comfort with opioid dosing, attitudes related to the use of opioids, and knowledge of basic concepts including weight‐based dosing, incomplete cross‐tolerance, and management of side effects.ResultsEmail addresses were obtained for 132 fellows from 37 programs. Seventy‐eight (59%) fellows participated. No significant difference was demonstrated between training level and comfort with dosing opioids in an opioid‐naive patient, though a smaller proportion of first‐year fellows (65%) reported comfort compared to more senior fellows (85.2% of second‐year fellows, 80.6% of third‐ and fourth‐year fellows). First‐year fellows correctly answered a mean of 5.05 ± 0.43 out of 10 objective knowledge questions; second‐year fellows answered 5.74 ± 0.35 correctly, and third‐ and fourth‐year fellows 5.58 ± 0.30. The majority of respondents chose an appropriate dose of intravenous morphine based on weight (92%), and identified a low‐dose naloxone drip as an appropriate intervention for opioid‐induced pruritis (91%). However, the remainder of the questions had a correct response rate of 15‐68%.ConclusionThis study characterizes PHO fellows’ knowledge and comfort with prescribing opioids. Despite high levels of reported comfort, PHO fellows in all levels of training demonstrated knowledge gaps. PHO fellows may benefit from further education in pain management.
Multidisciplinary management of endocrinopathies and treatment‐related toxicities in patients with Bloom syndrome and cancer
Authors: Fein Levy Carolyn , Presswala Lubaina S. , Slomovic Alana , Stiefel Jessica , Schulman‐Rosenbaum Rifka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe treatment of malignancy in cancer predisposition syndromes that also confer exquisite sensitivity to standard chemotherapy and radiation regimens remains a challenge. Bloom syndrome is one such disorder that is caused by a defect in DNA repair, predisposing to the development of early‐onset age‐related medical conditions and malignancies. We report on two patients with Bloom syndrome who responded well to chemotherapy despite significant alterations to standard protocols necessitated by hypersensitivity. Both patients experienced severe toxicities and exacerbation of endocrine comorbidities during chemotherapy. A multidisciplinary team of oncologists and endocrinologists is best suited to care for this patient population.
X‐band dielectric properties of hybrid nanocomposites of nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube/functionalized nanoclay/polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposite
Authors: Eshraghian Afrooz , Kamkar Milad , Asgari Mohammad , Arjmand Mohammad , Sundararaj Uttandaraman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of functionalized nanoclay on dielectric properties in the X‐band (8.2‐12.4 GHz) of synthesized nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube (N‐CNT)/nanoclay/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites prepared via melt‐mixing. Montmorillonite nanoclay was functionalized by an aminosilane coupling agent, making the nanoclay more compatible with the organic polymer. N‐CNT was synthesized employing a chemical vapor deposition technique. Transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used to assess the morphology of nanocomposites. The incorporation of nanoclay improved the dielectric properties, that is, dissipation factor of N‐CNT/PVDF nanocomposites. For instance, incorporation of 0.5 wt% nanoclay into N‐CNT/PVDF nanocomposite at 1.0 wt% N‐CNT loading resulted in 61% reduction in the dissipation factor (from 0.18 ± 0.01 to 0.07 ± 0.01). The percolation threshold increased from 0.3 to 1.0 wt% of N‐CNT by incorporation of 0.5 wt% nanoclay, which expanded the percolation region. In addition, incorporation of 0.5 wt% nanoclay reduced agglomeration area ratio of 1.0 wt% N‐CNT/PVDF nanocomposite by 57%. Rheological results indicated collapse of N‐CNT networks upon addition of nanoclay to the N‐CNT/PVDF nanocomposite, which confirmed the dielectric results. Nitrogen heteroatoms (scattering centers) and functionalized nanoclay were responsible for reducing the dissipation factor.
Mother–child communication about possible cancer recurrence during childhood cancer survivorship
Authors: Murphy Lexa K. , Heathcote Lauren C. , Prussien Kemar V. , Rodriguez Erin M. , Hewitt Jackson A. , Schwartz Laura E. , Ferrante Amanda C. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Vannatta Kathryn , Compas Bruce E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveProviding opportunities to communicate about possible cancer recurrence may be adaptive for youth in remission, yet parents may experience difficulty guiding discussions related to fears of cancer recurrence (FCR). This study aimed to characterize mother–child discussions about potential cancer recurrence during post‐treatment survivorship and to determine predictors of maternal communication.MethodsFamilies (N = 67) were recruited after the child's initial cancer diagnosis (age 5–17 years) and mothers self‐reported their distress (post‐traumatic stress symptoms; PTSS). During survivorship 3–5 years later, mothers were video‐recorded discussing cancer with their children. Presence and length of discussion about potential cancer recurrence, triggers for FCR, expressed affect, and conversational reciprocity were examined. Hierarchical regressions were used to assess maternal PTSS near the time of cancer diagnosis and child age as predictors of maternal communication.ResultsThree‐quarters of dyads spontaneously discussed risk for or fears about cancer recurrence; mothers initiated the topic more frequently than their children. Dyads discussed internal (bodily symptoms) and external (medical, social) triggers of FCR. Higher maternal PTSS at diagnosis predicted significantly lower levels of maternal positive affect (β = −0.36, p = 0.02) and higher levels of maternal negative affect (β = 0.30, p = 0.04) during discussion of recurrence 3–5 years later. Older child age significantly predicted higher levels of maternal negative affect (β = 0.35, p = 0.02). Higher maternal PTSS at diagnosis predicted shorter discussions about recurrence for younger children (β = 0.27, p = 0.02).ConclusionsUnderstanding predictors and characteristics of mother–child discussions about recurrence can guide family‐based FCR interventions, particularly those promoting communication as a supportive tool. Both maternal PTSS and child age are important to consider when developing these interventions.
“To do or not to do”: Treatment fidelity to a complex training intervention
Authors: Heiberg Kristi Elisabeth , Bruun‐Olsen Vigdis , Bergland Astrid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeWhen a complex intervention is examined it is viewed necessary to perform a qualitative process evaluation paired with an outcome evaluation. The purpose is to provide insights into the fidelity of the experimental intervention and thereby strengthen the validity of the study. In “Recovery after hip fracture” (the HIPFRAC study), the effect of a complex functional training intervention was examined by a randomized controlled trial design. The training was initiated by the physiotherapist and performed by the nurses/nurse assistants (NAs), as part of their daily, habitual routine when the patients with hip fracture were in a short‐term stay after discharge from hospital. The aim of the present process evaluation was to explore how contextual factors facilitated or complicated the nurses'/NAs' fidelity to the experimental intervention in the HIPFRAC study.MethodsA descriptive thematic analysis was used. Data was collected through semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with three nurses and three NAs working with the HIPFRAC patients in a short‐term stay. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed.FindingsSix subthemes, two main themes and one overall theme were identified. The overall theme was: Barriers affecting the implementation process. The main themes related to the barriers were identified as follows: (1) Attitudes within the nurses/NAs and (2) Structural factors.DiscussionThe nurses/NAs in the short‐term stay experienced contextual barriers, which contributed to complicate fidelity to the experimental intervention. There is a need of further research to investigate whether increased physiotherapy resources at short‐term stay will improve the level of physical activity among the patients with hip fracture.
Improved quantitative risk model for integrity management of liquefied petroleum gas storage tanks: Mathematical basis, and case study
Authors: Attia Mohamed , Sinha Jyoti 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChemical, petrochemical, and refinery sectors have been facing tougher safety, environmental and mechanical integrity regulations as well as challenges associated with the need for cost reduction to improve competitiveness. Risk‐based Inspection (RBI) is a cost‐effective approach to manage operational risks by making an informed decision on inspection frequency, extent of inspections, and types of non‐destructive testing. This paper presents a comprehensive practical risk model that can simulate all components of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanks, that is, roof, shell, nozzles, and bottom plates. The probability of failure (PoF) model was developed based on failure frequency data from four different sources to determine the adequate general failure frequencies, moreover, it addresses the fatigue effect due to cyclic loading. Reviewing past losses of containment incidents revealed that fires and explosion are the most likely outcomes, therefore, this risk model introduced area affected consequence of failure (CoF) simulation. The CoF model addresses all the main components of the LPG tank and deploys a practical gas dispersion model to estimate the vapor cloud explosion (VCE) and flash fire consequence affected areas. Furthermore, modified mass release equations are presented to account for the decline in the release rate with time to determine the pool fire area and leak duration. Consequence areas are determined based on serious personnel injuries and component damage from thermal radiation and explosions. To validate the risk model, a proof of concept assessment was performed on seven tanks.
A Simple Colorimetric Probe for Sensitive Detection of Hg2+ Based on MnO2 Nanosheets and Monothioglycerol
Authors: Ding Lu , Zhao Yanyu , Li Huihui , Zhang Qiujuan , Yang Weiting , Pan Qinhe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is of great significance to develop efficient platforms for the detection of hypertoxic Hg2+. Colorimetric probes have received much attention for the detection of Hg2+ in the last decades. In this work, a colorimetric probe composed of MnO2 nanosheets and monothioglycerol (MTG) was rationally designed for Hg2+ detection, which was facially prepared via one‐step reaction at room temperature. The formation of Hg−S bond between Hg2+ and MTG inhibited the decomposition ability of MTG toward MnO2 nanosheets, thus resulting in a color change from colorless to brown. On this basis, the probe quantified Hg2+ in the concentration range from 2 to 60 μM with a low detection limit of 0.75 μM. The probe was applied to the detection of Hg2+ in tap water successfully, and was further fabricated into test strips for the convenience of use. Thereby, a simple and sensitive colorimetric probe for Hg2+ is developed in this work, which holds future promise for monitoring Hg2+ in the environment.
Photo‐Modulated Reversible Switching of Fluorescence from ZnO Quantum Dots with a Photochromic Diarylethene
Authors: Jiang Guorong , Jia Yanmei , Cui Shiqiang , Pu Shouzhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA photo controlled and reversible fluorescent switching system was constructed with fluorescence ZnO quantum dots (ZnO‐QDs) and a photochromic diarylethene. Upon alternate irradiation with UV and visible lights, the fluorescence emission of the ZnO‐QDs could be modulated between ‘‘ON’’ and ‘‘OFF’’ repeatedly. The results indicated that the strategy of constructing ZnO‐QDs/diarylethene based switching system was feasibility. Moreover, a logic circuit was designed with the fluorescence intensity at 568 nm as output and the diarylethene and UV/vis lights as inputs.
Insights into the Extraction of Actinides from Lanthanides Using 3,3’‐Dimethoxy‐phenyl‐bis‐1,2,4‐triazinyl‐2,6‐pyridine Ligand – A DFT Study
Authors: Ebenezer Cheriyan , Solomon Rajadurai Vijay 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently reported 3,3’‐dimethoxy‐phenyl‐bis‐1,2,4‐triazinyl‐2,6‐pyridine (DMOP‐ BTP) ligand is recognized as an efficient candidate for the stripping of actinides (An) from lanthanides (Ln) in nuclear wastes in nitric acid medium. However, the complexation behaviour and selectivity of this DMOP‐BTP ligand towards AnIII/LnIII is still unclear. In order to understand the origin of complexation of this ligand, a series of metal ions (M3+=Ce, Nd, Eu, U, Am, Cm) have been chosen and its binding ability to form ML(NO3)3 (L=DMOP‐ BTP) complex is studied using scalar relativistic ZORA/DFT calculations. Metal ‐Nitrogen bond lengths obtained from optimized geometries reveal that AnIII prefer binding to DMOP‐BTP ligand compared to LnIII. To elucidate the metal‐ligand bonding nature, Mayer and Nalewajsk‐ Mrozek (NM) bond order analyses have been carried out. Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules (QTAIM) and Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA) have been done using the optimized geometries to comprehend the bonding situation in these ML(NO3)3 complexes. Results reveal that the bonds of AnIII ions tend to have a higher covalency compared to that of their lanthanide ions. Furthermore, it is understood that the NO3 ions around the metal ion also take part in interaction with the ligand and help in the stabilization of the metal complex. Thus, this work throws light on the preferential selectivity of the DMOP‐ BTP ligand for AnIII ions over LnIII ions.