bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Photovoltaic-Thermal Panel Output in Urban Contexts Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Nazeri Alireza , Taheri Ali , Zomorodian Zahra Sadat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

In recent years, the use of data-driven methods for predicting photovoltaic (PV) panel electricity generation has grown significantly, with most studies relying on databases of actual PV panel performance. This study introduces a comprehensive methodology for predicting the performance of photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) panels, specifically focusing on electricity generation, hot water production, and carbon reduction. By leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods, particularly Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Random Forest (RF), this research differentiates itself from prior studies by integrating predictive models for both electrical and thermal outputs. Additionally, the study examines the effect of different installation patterns on PVT panel output. A total of 1,575 different installation configurations were modeled across three urban districts in Tehran, and the results were used to train the two ML algorithms, which were then compared using Pearson correlation coefficient (R²), Root-mean-square deviation (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) metrics. The RF algorithm demonstrated superior performance, achieving an R² accuracy of 0.91 and shorter learning time. Finally, a framework is proposed based on the findings and simulation steps for predicting electricity generation, hot water production, and carbon reduction of PVT systems.
Assessment of chronic procrastination in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Khan Salahuddin , Alzakari Meshal , Alsuhaibani Renad , Alghanmi Amjad , Alkanhal Abdulrahman , Alabdulkarim Alanoud , Salahuddin Amra , Huda Arwa , Moiz Muhammad Umer Abdul , Alzkari Faisal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:Procrastination, defined as the voluntary delay of intended actions, affects personal and academic tasks, and is linked to decreased quality of life and well-being. This study evaluates the prevalence, causes, and effects of chronic procrastination among adults in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on demographic associations, psychological impacts, and coping strategies.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic procrastination among adults in Saudi Arabia, identify its demographic and psychological predictors, and evaluate its effects on personal well-being, academic performance, and daily functioning.
Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,093 participants, aged 18–55 years, residing in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through a self-administered online survey covering demographics, procrastination behaviors, and coping strategies. Statistical analysis, including chi-square and exact probability tests, identified associations between procrastination frequency and demographic factors.
Results:Of the participants, 69.9% reported frequent procrastination, with academic tasks (56.6%) and household chores (13.9%) being the most delayed activities. Common reasons for procrastination included poor time management (76.2%), boredom (59.7%), and lack of motivation (57.3%). Over 65% experienced health impacts, such as sleep problems and stress. Procrastination significantly affected both personal life (55.1%) and work/studies (70%). Time management, task division, and deadline-setting were the most utilized strategies, though effectiveness varied.
Conclusion:The study indicates a high prevalence of procrastination among young adults, particularly students, with detrimental impacts on personal and academic functioning. Training programs focused on time management and prioritization could help reduce procrastination in this population.
Categories: Psychology, Behavioral Science, Time Management, Well-being
Machine-learning based prediction of appendicitis for patients presenting with acute abdominal pain at the emergency department.
Authors: schipper anoeska , Belgers Peter , O'Connor Rory , Jie Kim Ellis , Dooijes Robin , Bosma Joeran Sander , Kurstjens Steef , Kusters Ron , Ginneken Bram van , Rutten Matthieu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Acute abdominal pain (AAP) constitutes 5-10% of all emergency department (ED) visits, with appendicitis being a prevalent AAP etiology often necessitating surgical intervention. The variability in AAP symptoms and causes, combined with the challenge of identifying appendicitis, complicate timely intervention. To estimate the risk of appendicitis, scoring systems such as the Alvarado score have been developed. However, diagnostic errors and delays remain common. Although various machine learning (ML) models have been proposed to enhance appendicitis detection, none have been seamlessly integrated into the ED workflows for AAP or are specifically designed to diagnose appendicitis as early as possible within the clinical decision-making process. To mimic daily clinical practice, this proof-of-concept study aims to develop ML models that support decision-making using comprehensive clinical data up to key decision points in the ED workflow to detect appendicitis in patients presenting with AAP.
Methods: Data from the Dutch triage system at the ED, vital signs, complete medical history and physical examination findings and routine laboratory test results were retrospectively extracted from 350 AAP patients presenting to the ED of a Dutch teaching hospital from 2016 to 2023. Two eXtreme Gradient Boosting ML models were developed to differentiate cases with appendicitis from other AAP causes: one model used all data up to and including physical examination, and the other was extended with routine laboratory test results. The performance of both models was evaluated on a validation set (n=68) and compared to the Alvarado scoring system as well as three ED physicians in a reader study.
Results: The ML models achieved AUROCs of 0.919 without laboratory test results and 0.923 with the addition of laboratory test results. The Alvarado scoring system attained an AUROC of 0.824. ED physicians achieved AUROCs of 0.894, 0.826, and 0.791 without laboratory test results, increasing to AUROCs of 0.923, 0.892, and 0.859 with laboratory test results.
Conclusions: Both ML models demonstrated comparable high accuracy in predicting appendicitis in patients with AAP, outperforming the Alvarado scoring system. The ML models matched or surpassed ED physician performance in detecting appendicitis, with the largest potential performance gain observed in absence of laboratory test results. Integration could assist ED physicians in early and accurate diagnosis of appendicitis.
Traditional contraceptive practices: Survey of medicinal plants used to control birth in selected states in western Nigeria
Authors: Ibrahim Mutiat , Odewo Akinniyi , Lawal Bilqis , Oyedeji Oluseye , Balogun Noimot , Tijani Wakilat , Abdulraheem Abdullahi , Shafiyi Jubril , Ilomuanya Margaret 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Although modern family planning practices are actively advocated, there is a considerable reliance on traditional medicines for contraception due to their perceived safety. The open-ended questionnaire used in this study sought to gain insights into birth control practices from traditional providers’ perspectives. Herb sellers, traditional healers and/or herbal practitioners from 17 local government areas in Oyo, Osun, Kwara and Lagos states were interviewed, and consultations for male and female contraception, names of plants, methods of preparation and modes of administration were documented. Among the 120 questionnaires administered via the clustering sampling technique, 109 were recovered. The data collected were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. 28, 18, 10 and 4 plant species were listed in Kwara, Lagos, Oyo and Osun States, while the most frequently prescribed species for female contraception were Jatropha curcas (22.45%), Mucuna sloanei (27.27%), Carica papaya (33.33%) and C. papaya (46.67%), respectively. The predominant plant families were Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Caricaceae, with 39, 27 and 23 occurrences, respectively. The plant species were mostly prepared in combination forms, with the ring, seeds and leaves being the most common contraceptives given to contraceptive seekers with accompanying instructions. A statistically significant difference existed between the plant form and education level of the respondents, [ꭓ2 = 5.642, df = 1, p = < 0.018], and the contraceptive seekers, [ꭓ2 = 11.862, df = 1, p = 0.001], but not between the plant form and respondent status, route of administration and side effects. Further investigations need to be carried out to validate and understand the mechanisms of herbal contraceptives.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Tinospora Cordifolia extract through in-vitro and in-vivo methods
Authors: Pervaiz Amar , Yousaf Faha , Iqbal Rashid , Ishaq Saira , Fouad Dalia , kashif Sana , Manan Maria , Shinwari Muhammad Shoaib , Shabbir Muhammad Danial 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematic autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation, pain and stiffness, leading to loss of function of the joint. However, pharmacological treatments are usually accompanied by undesired adverse side effects, therefore, there has been a relatively increased concern in other forms of treatment. In this research, the possible treatment effects of Tinospora cordifolia are examined given that the plant possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Thus, in vivo and in vitro approaches were employed in conducting the research. In vivo the study entailed the use of Tinospora cordifolia extract on an animal model of RA to determine its therapeutic efficacy in relation to joint swelling, pain and inflammation. Some of the animals received the extract for a pre – determined period and clinical signs of arthritis like paw swelling and pain score were assessed. The changes in the degree of tissue injury and inflammation at the cellular level were also assessed using histopathological examination. In vitro studies analyzed the scientific performance of the extract on immune cells and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. PBMCs were prepared and cultured with Tinospora cordifolia extract and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, IL-6 were estimated. Cell viability and the regulation of cytokine gene expression were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. The findings showed that the tested compounds reduced the joint inflammation and pain in the in vivo RA model, as well as suppressed the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the in vitro experiments. It is further evidence that Tinospora cordifolia may have immunomodulatory effects and anti-inflammatory activity and could be used as a complementary or even an alternative to conventional RA medicines. Thus, more studies are required before pinpointing bioactive compounds accountable for the effects depicted herein.
In-silico toxicity analysis for interaction between Organophosphates and Acetyl cholinesterase through molecular level simulation
Authors: Singh Tanya , Verma Awadhesh Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Organophosphates act as the chief constituents of pesticides and nerve agents, and their toxicological effects have caused harm not just to our environment but to human beings as well. Here, we have observed how interaction of Organophosphates (OPs) with the synaptic enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) can provide effective insights into studying the biological manifestation of OPs causing human ailments like neurodegenerative diseases. To further analyze how these OP components when bound with functional enzymes in the human body induce neurodegenerative disorders, we present an in-silicoanalysis of the toxicity of Organophosphates (OPs) by their interaction with Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for regulating neuronal signalling and transmission among muscles and motor nerves. Computational analysis was done using molecular docking and density functional theory (DFT) approaches, where molecular docking simulations helped determine the binding affinity evaluation, interaction sites, and conformations of AChE when docked with OPs. DFT estimations explored molecular mechanisms for OP toxicity, electronic properties and reactivity of OP compounds selectively. Through docking results, relatively strong binding affinities between OPs and AChE was observed which suggested OPs potential interference with the enzyme's function. The molecular dynamics simulations for their interaction provided important insights for the molecular basis of organophosphate toxicity, emphasizing the importance of their interaction with neuronal functioning enzymes. Such computational approach could provide a valuable framework for OP toxicology prediction, along with further analysis for in-vitro and in-vivo experiments.
ИСТОРИЧНОСТЬ И ИСТОРИЯВ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ XXI ВЕКА*
Authors: Чеканцева З.А. 
Published: December 2024

Актуализация идеи историчности в интеллектуальной культуре второй половины XX века стала одним из проявлений исторического поворота в научном познании. Опираясь на работы философов, антропологов, историков, филологов, автор стремится понять, в чем заключается содержание такого поворота и как воспринимается историчность на пороге третьего тысячелетия. Проблематика историчности обсуждается в русле антителеологической мысли, которая постепенно реабилитировала разрывы в истории, виртуальность прошлого, фундаментальность реляционного взаимодействия прошлого и настоящего. Выявляются различия между историчностью в классическом познании и в интеллектуальной культуре рубежа XX–XXI вв.; обсуждаются особенности концептуализации историчности на пересечении филологической и исторической перспектив; показано трансдисциплинарное происхождение синтагмы режим историчности, ее связь с темпоральным поворотом в познании и когнитивными процессами в научной деятельности.
Actualization of historicity in the intellectual culture of the second half of the 20th c. became one of the manifestations of the "historical turn" in scientific knowledge. The author looks at the works by philosophers, anthropologists, historians, philologists to understand what the content of this turn is and how historicity is perceived at the beginning of the third Millennium. It is shown that the problem of historicity has been discussed for several decades in line with anti-theleological thought, which gradually rehabilitated the gaps in history, the virtuality of the past, the fundamental nature of the relational interaction between the past and the present. Differences between historicity in classical cognition and in the intellectual culture of late 20th – early 21st cc. are revealed; peculiarities of the conceptualization of historicity at the intersection of philological and historical perspectives are discussed, as well as transdisciplinary origin of the syntagma regime of historicity, its relationship with the temporal turn in cognition and cognitive processes in research activities.
СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫЕ ЖИТИЯ СВЯТЫХМЕЖДУ ИСТОРИЕЙ И ИСТОРИОГРАФИЕЙ
Authors: Бикеева Н.Ю. 
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматриваются особенности средневековой агиографии как жанра. Автор приходит к выводу, что средневековые жития, несмотря на наличие общих мест и сходных риторических приемов, близки средневековой историографии. В них можно найти данные не только о религиозных практиках, убеждениях и ценностях, но также о событиях повседневной жизни, общественных институтах и людях. Тематическая и риторическая нормативность не исключает идеологической гибкости и подвижности агиографических текстов. В статье выявляются причины возрастания интереса современных исследователей к агиографии.
The article discusses medieval hagiography as a genre. The author comes to the conclusion that medieval Lives, despite of topoi and similar rhetorical devices, may be close to medieval historiography. In hagiographic texts one can find data not only about religious practices, beliefs and values, but also about the events of everyday life, public institutions and people. The thematic and rhetorical normativity do not exclude the ideological flexibility and mobility of hagiographic texts. The article reveals the reasons for the growing interest of modern researchers in hagiography.
М.Р. ШТЕФАНИКВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИСТОРИОГРАФИИ И ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ПАМЯТИ
Authors: Колесников Б.В. 
Published: December 2024

Автор выясняет, как изменялось отношение к личности и деятельности М.Р. Штефа-ника в эмигрантской, советской и современной российской историографии. Проанализирован вклад каждого из этапов развития национальной историографии в формировании образа М.Р. Штефаника в научной сфере исторической памяти.
he author has traced changing evaluations of the personality and activity of M.R. Štefanik in the emigrant, Soviet and contemporary Russian historiography. The article analyzes a contribution of every stage of national historiography in formation of Štefanik's image in the scientific sphere of historical memory.
ПОНЯТИЕ ЭЛЛИНИЗМАВ СОВЕТСКОЙ И ПОСТСОВЕТСКОЙ ИСТОРИОГРАФИИстадиальность и закономерность илиисторическая конкретность и случайность?
Authors: Ладынин И.А. 
Published: December 2024

В статье анализируются теоретические и мировоззренческие предпосылки к восприятию эллинизма как этапа в развитии рабовладения (А.Б. Ранович) и как конкретно-исторического явления (К.К. Зельин), сильные и слабые стороны этих позиций и их судьба в науке конца ХХ – начала XXI в. По мнению автора, эллинизм (состояние греческого мира после завоеваний Александра) является не столько этапом в каком-либо процессе, сколько конкретной формой выхода греческого полиса из его кризиса в IV в. до н.э.
The paper considers theoretical and mental biases for the perception of Hellenism as a stage in the development of slavery (A. Ranovich) or as a historically specific phenomenon (K.K. Zelyin), qualities and faults of these approaches and their destiny in later research. In author’s view Hellenism, i.e. a condition of the Hellenic world after Alexander’s conquests, is not a stage in a process but a form of the Greek polis’ recourse from its crisis in the 4th century B.C.
РУССКИЙ ПЕРЕВОД ФУЭРО ЛЕОНА В КОНТЕКСТЕИСТОРИИ СОВЕТСКОЙ МЕДИЕВИСТИКИ 1980-х гг.
Authors: Ауров О.В. 
Published: December 2024

Автор рассматривает проблемы русского перевода одного из важнейших памятников средневекового испанского законодательства – фуэро Леона (1017–1020) в связи с социально-политическим и культурным контекстом развития советской медиевистики в 1980-е гг. Исследуются причины обращения к памятнику, выбор текстологической основы перевода, особенности русского текста и структура комментария к нему. Особое внимание уделено понятийной системе как следствию историографических представлений, доминировавших в отечественной науке указанного периода.
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of Russian translation of the Fuero of León (1017–1020), which is one of the most important Spanish medieval legal texts. This history was closely connected to social, political and cultural context of the medieval studies in the USSR of the 1980s. The author pays attention to the problems like the causes of the decision to translate this text into Russian, the selection of the textual base of the translation, the characteristics of the Russian text and of the commentary, added to it. The peculiarities of the Russian conceptual system are specially emphasized.
ЛЕОНИД МИХАЙЛОВИЧ БАТКИН: РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯО ВСЕМИРНОСТИ В ИНТЕРЬЕРЕ ИНДИВИДНОСТИ
Authors: Хут Л.Р. 
Published: December 2024

В статье анализируется научное наследие выдающегося российского культуролога Л.М. Баткина (1932–2016) в той его части, в которой очерчен широкий круг теоретико-методологических вопросов современной исторической науки, так или иначе связанных с проблематикой всемирной истории и макроисторическими изысканиями. Исследуется авторская рефлексия на темы истории как инонауки, «методологического нигилизма» части практикующих историков, соотношения микро- и макроподходов в изучении прошлого, Большой Истории как Макроказуса, пользы сослагательного наклонения в истории, процесса глобализации и глобальной истории, прогностической функции истории.
The article analyzes the scientific heritage of the outstanding Russian culturologist L.M. Batkin (1932-2016) in that part of it, which outlines a wide range of theoretical and methodological issues of contemporary historiography, one way or another related to the problems of world history and macro historical research. The article researches author's reflection about the history as another science, the «methodological nihilism» of part of practicing historians, the correlation of micro and macro approaches in studying the past, the Big History as a Macro-casus, the usefulness of the subjunctive mood in history, the process of globalization and global history, the predictive function of history.
О НЕКОТОРЫХ СПОСОБАХ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ “ИЕРАРХИЙ РАВНЫХ” В ПЕРИОД “ВТОРОГО СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЯ”
Authors: Шелина Е.А. 
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматривается процесс формализации отношений «первенства» в период «второго Средневековья». В этот период носители одинаковых позиций, между которыми прежде подчеркивались отношения равенства, начали с усердием выстраивать отношения неравенства между собой. Сначала мы рассматриваем те принципы организации групп элит, которые позволяли подчеркнуть равенство или неравенство внутри этих групп. Затем мы останавливаемся на некоторых региональных особенностях построения «иерархий равных» в среде европейских элит.
This article is focused on the continuing formalization of relations of pre-eminence during the Second Middle Ages (12th–16th cc.). At that time, the holders of the same power positions, which in Christendom had been considered equal for centuries, began to actively construct and formalize relations of inequality among themselves. Firstly, the study inquiries into the main principles of ordering people that underlined either equality or inequality. Secondly, we examine certain regional specificities of constructing the orders of pre-eminence.
ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ЛЖЕНАУКАКАК ФЕНОМЕН СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МЕДИАСФЕРЫ
Authors: Артамонов Д.С. , Тихонова С.В. 
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена взаимодействию научного и лженаучного исторического знания в медисфере. Методология исследования представлена совмещением языка истории идей и социального конструктивизма на основе терминологического аппарата теории коммуникации. Рассматривая историческое научное знание как элемент печатной медиасферы, авторы исследуют его особенности, приводящие к появлению знания лженаучного, а также устанавливают электронно-медийный характер манипулятивных приемов лженауки. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что, хотя мифологизирующий потенциал лженауки очень высок, ее роль в формировании исторической памяти остается вторичной по отношению к науке – до тех пор, пока последняя в состоянии обеспечивать общество «надежным» прошлым благодаря качественным историческим исследованиям.
The article deals with the interaction between scientific and pseudo-scientific historical knowledge in media sphere. Research methodology is based on the combination of the language of the history of ideas and that of social constructivism, together with the terminology of communication theory. The authors interpret the historical and scientific knowledge as an element of the printed media sphere, explore its features, leading to the appearance of pseudo-scientific knowledge and determine electronic nature of the pseudoscience media manipulative techniques. The authors discuss the impact of science and pseudo-science to historical memory. As a result, they come to the conclusion that a powerful mythologizers potential of the pseudoscience does not mean the primacy of its role in shaping of the historical memory. In this process the pseudoscience is secondary to the science, while science efficiently conducts research and produces reliable past for society.