bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of the development of world economy in the blockchain conditions and Big Data
Authors: Anghelache Constantin , Anghel Mădălina-Gabriela , Dumbravă Gabriel Ștefan , Dumitru Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Blockchain is a concept that tends to revolutionize the world of finance in a technological leap that allows fast, secure and decentralized transactions. The Blockchain technology is used in virtual coins (bitcoin) conditions, with a high innovation potential, applicable in various areas, with the advantage of storing databases, resulting in an unprecedented level of transparency in the private or public area. Interestingly, under the bitcoin conditions, the black chain system uses a decentralized peer-to-peer payment system. Practically, the bitcoin can be considered as the most appropriate triple game accounting system. All of these considerations are developing in the big data era, which is defined as a large, diverse, high-volume information base requiring new forms of processing. Big data is important for businesses because based on these, strategic and marketing decisions can be made to optimize the activity in the market conditions and consumer preferences. European Union directives provide for measures to ensure the development of all states and, in this context, the community. At the same time, some measures provide for a more accelerated development for states with a low accession. For this, funds have been made from which important amounts are allocated to these states. The complex development of the European Union aims, in fact, to improve the quality of life (standard of living) in all Member States. At the European community level there are databases usable in economic analyzes. Also, Eurostat is the institution with the most complex databases. Recently, the Conference of the Directors of the Institute of Statistics in the European States analyzed the perspective of calculating the indicators in the context of the big data to be implemented. The article focuses on the concrete study of the use of large data in the calculation of the indicators that underlie the comparability between the EU Member States.
The Emigration and Influence Factors in Romania
Authors: Enache Andreea-Oana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The economic and social transition affected the population and the demographic phenomena in all the ex-communist countries. Immigration can be considered as a potential solution to the problem of population aging. But here too, it must be born in mind that immigrants may not properly adapt to the new labor market they have entered, if they come from very different cultures. Almost all the countries that have migrants, offer residence permits only to those who bring highly qualified workforce, while the legal possibilities of immigration of the unskilled workers are diminishing. Therefore, the demographic perspectives are not the most optimistic. The forecasts developed by specialists reveal dramatic future developments for the population of Romania. The factors that can cause a person to migrate are of several types. In this study it will be shown that migration is the result of several individual actions of analysis, people evaluating both the benefits and the risks involved by a possible migration.
Big 4 and audit fees in the context of adopting International Financial Reporting Standards
Authors: Tache Marta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to determine the impact that Big 4 companies have had after the adoption of IFRS became mandatory and if the level of the fees related to the audit services registered a significant increase. Thus, after a thorough research of the specialized studies, we analyzed the impact of financial reporting according to the International Financial Reporting Standards, determining how the audit fees were influenced and which was the impact of the largest companies targeted in this study. In order to determine the number of companies audited by Big 4, we analyzed all the companies listed on Bucharest Stock Exchange, during the period 2010-2018, which trade premium shares. It is obvious that the financial reporting according to the International Financial Reporting Standards increases the number of companies audited by Big 4, although there has audit fees with higher values. In the following, we will analyze the changes that have occurred in the audit market of Romania.
Strategies and perspectives reffered to the analysis and development of the preuniversity education system from Romania
Authors: Țoţan Lavinia-Ștefania , Frăsineanu Corina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the actual state of the preuniversity education system from Romania, provided, also, solutions and strategies for its development. It describes also the evolution of the preuniversity education system between 2000 and 2018 and also the impact of the european funds in increase of quality for the preuniversity education system. There are realised also prognosis for indicators between 2020 and 2022.
Is conventionally calculated anchor-based minimum clinically important difference value catches the real clinical increment? Determining the situations that make the answer “no” by a simulation study
Authors: Yüksel Selcen , Demir Pervin , Alkan Afra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of conventionally used method-optimal cutoff of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve- to determine the minimum clinically important difference (MCID), which is the estimator of responsiveness for scales, by a simulation study. The baseline person parameters were firstly generated and, by using these values, two gold standard groups were constructed as “improved” and “non-improved” after the treatment. Five point-likert response patterns were obtained for 20 items in each group, representing pre- and post-treatment responses of individuals. The mean change score between post treatment and baseline scores for the improved group was considered as real MCID (MCIDR), after baseline and post-treatment total scores were calculated from response patterns. The cut-off for change score specified by ROC analysis, which best discriminates between improved group and not improved group, MCIDROC, was compared to MCIDR. The scenarios of simulation were consisted of sample size and distribution of total scores for improved group. The data were generated for each of 40 scenarios with 1000 MCMC repeats. It was observed that the MCIDR and MCIDROC were not so affected by sample size. However, MCIDROC overestimated the MCIDR values in all scenarios. Briefly, the cut-off points obtained by ROC analysis found to be greater than the real MCID values. Therefore, alternative methods are required to calculate MCID.
Impact of Intravenous Fluids and Enteral Nutrition on the Severity of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Asrani Varsha M. , Brown Annabelle , Bissett Ian , Windsor John A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Gastrointestinal dysfunction (GDF) is one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Intensive care interventions, such as intravenous fluids and enteral feeding, can exacerbate GDF. There exists a paucity of high-quality literature on the interaction between these two modalities (intravenous fluids and enteral feeding) as a combined therapy on its impact on GDF.

Aim
To review the impact of intravenous fluids and enteral nutrition individually on determinants of gut function and implications in clinical practice.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials on intravenous fluids and enteral feeding on GDF were identified by a comprehensive database search of MEDLINE and EMBASE. Extraction of data was conducted for study characteristics, provision of fluids or feeding in both groups and quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane criteria. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the impact of these interventions across the spectrum of GDF severity.

Results
Restricted/ goal-directed intravenous fluid therapy is likely to reduce ‘mild’ GDF such as vomiting (p = 0.03) compared to a standard/ liberal intravenous fluid regime. Enterally fed patients experienced increased episodes of vomiting (p = <0.01) but were less likely to develop an anastomotic leak (p = 0.03) and peritonitis (p = 0.03) compared to parenterally fed patients. Vomiting (p = <0.01) and anastomotic leak (p = 0.04) were significantly lower in the early enteral feeding group.

Conclusions
There is less emphasis on the combined approach of intravenous fluid resuscitation and enteral feeding in critically ill patients. Conservative fluid resuscitation and aggressive enteral feeding are presumably key factors contributing to severe life-threatening GDF. Future trials should evaluate the impact of cross-interaction between conservative and aggressive modes of these two interventions on the severity of GDF.
Analytical Study Based on Perspectives of Teacher Educators in India with Respect to Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Jetly Manisha , Singh Nandita 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Education for sustainable development (ESD) has been accepted worldwide as one of the most powerful paradigms of thinking, which has a potential for changing the ongoing course of unsustainable development in order to save the fate of life on Mother Earth. As we prepare ourselves to achieve the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) of United Nations 2030 Agenda, it is crucial to analyze and reflect on the initiatives taken, which aim at sensitizing the stakeholders of education with the holistic concept of ESD, especially when it has been reported in the literature that countries of the Asia Pacific region have been slow in formally embracing the concept of ESD in their education system. With this contextual background, the present research paper aimed at understanding the prevailing perception of ESD amongst the teacher educators of India. A qualitative deductive content analysis methodology was adopted for an in-depth analysis of the subjective responses of teacher educators, teaching graduate and post-graduate level courses of teacher education programs of India’s Chandigarh region. A codebook was developed on the basis of UNESCO’s Teaching and Learning for a Sustainable Future (TLSF) program for the analysis. The findings of the research identified how and to what extent the indicators of ESD were addressed through broader categories of knowledge, skills and values. The research joins larger conversation of reorienting the teacher education programs particularly through the lens of cultural sustainability to achieve a sustainable future.
Determination of corticosterone from rat hair samples by HPLC-MS method
Authors: Elek Ferencz , Ferenc Boda , Zsolt Gáll , Melinda Kolcsár , Gabriella Donáth-Nagy , Szende Vancea 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Corticosterone is an adrenocortical steroid hormone with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects. Based on previous studies, the plasma level of corticosterone correlates with the stress exposure of rodents. Because the half-life of corticosterone in blood is short, its plasma concentration can be used as an acute stress marker. But hair is accumulating the systemic and locally produced corticosterone, therefore it can be used to study chronic stress. However, the accurate quantification of corticosterone is an analytical challenge owing to the very low amount of hormone found in a complicated biological matrix. The high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) can provide the required selectivity and sensitivity for this purpose. Currently published methods for corticosterone quantification involve complicated sample preparation and long run time. Accordingly, the aims of the study were to simplify the extraction method of the corticosterone from rat hair samples and to develop an optimized HPLC-MS method for the accurate quantification. The rat hair samples were washed with methanol, dried and cut, then extracted with methanol at room temperature for 24 hours. The lipids were precipitated with formic acid aqueous solution and eliminated by centrifugation. The corticosterone was separated from other compounds with reverse phase chromatography using acetonitrile and 0,1% aqueous solution of formic acid as mobile phase. The detection was performed in positive SIM mode measuring the 347 m/z molecular ion. A six point calibration was performed in the range of 0,5-20 ng/ml, the accuracy was tested with quality control samples at two different concentration level. The total run time is only 4,2 minutes and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) is 0,5 ng/ml, with 10 pg absolute sensitivity. By determining the quantity of the hormone for a well-defined hair region, based on the speed of hair growth, we can characterize the retrospective stress exposure of the animals in different conditions.
Occurrence of internal diseases in the premotor phase of Parkinson’s disease by analyzing a large database covering a whole population
Authors: Szabolcs Szatmári , András Ajtay , Ferenc Oberfrank , Dániel Bereczki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The premotor phase of Parkinson’s disease (PD) precedes the appearance of motor symptoms by years. Many non-motor diseases have been associated with an increased risk of developing PD, but results of these studies are conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of certain internal diseases (metabolic, circulatory, gastrointestinal) based on diagnosis codes, before the diagnosis of PD. There were 5209 patients included in the study who received diagnosis of PD at least in 2 years and we analyzed data retrospectively between 2004 and 2016. Out of metabolic diseases dyslipidemia (41%) and diabetes mellitus (32%), out of circulatory diseases hypertension (89%) and ischemic heart disease (51%) and out of gastrointestinal diseases gastroesophageal reflux disease (51%) and gallstones (25%) were the first two most common disorders in the examined PD patients. This is the first study in Hungary which analyzed PD in a large database in the context of internal diseases, and raised the possibility of a link between dyslipidemias, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, gastooesophagial reflux, gallstones and PD.
The Populist phenomena and the reasons for their success in Hungary
Authors: Glied Viktor 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
After the parliamentary elections in 2014, the weakened legitimacy of the Hungarian government could be re-established through activism in migration issues. Fidesz-KDNP that won elections twice already highlighted migration as the main theme of governance from 2014 to 2018, suppressing every other topic on the political agenda. The position that was established for purposes of the Hungarian domestic situation and politics initially faced intense rejections all over Europe, but then garnered some supporters as well, mostly in post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe, and to a smaller extent among the right-wing and populist parties of Western Europe. The anti-refugee and populist approach caused significant success in the communication field to the subscribing parties and governments, and also legitimised Hungarian government’s efforts that could mean it met the majority of the Hungarian society’s expectations. The most essential question is that how can political science reshape its terms and thoughts on populism to understand this phenomenon better, moreover what are the reasons of populism and why is the populist propaganda such successful in Hungary and Eastern Europe.
Industrial Engineering for Healthcare Management – Example Lean Management and ICT Tools
Authors: Buczacki Aleksander , Gładysz Bartłomiej , Timler Dariusz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Industrial engineering is a field dealing with optimization of complex processes, systems, or organizations by developing, improving and implementing integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, and materials. Hence, the scope of industrial engineering is wide and includes various fields, from manufacturing, through banking, different types of services, to administration and healthcare. Various industrial engineering tools could be implemented in healthcare settings. The use of such tools is popular in western economies. For example, simulation modelling of services is popular in the US. However, there is still a very limited number of case studies on the application of such tools in healthcare that would consider the Polish economy. The aim of this paper is to present selected successful applications of lean management tools in the Polish healthcare. This may serve as an inspiration for healthcare organizations to search for and implement methodological approaches to improve their services.
Development of Management Control System Research: Study on Behavioral Research in Accounting Journal (2006–2018)
Authors: SeTin SeTin , Augustine Yvonne 
Published: February 2020

This paper provides a descriptive analysis of management control system (MCS) in BRIA journal from 2006 to 2018. A total of 180 articles were examined, resulting in the identification of 34 articles for further analysis. The analysis led to several findings. 1) Most of the articles use quantitative methods, examine MCS at the managerial level, and emphasize one- or two-dimensional control systems. 2) The dominant topics are strategic performance measurement system, budget, reward compensation system, and performance achievement. 3) The dominant independent variables are incentives, psychological, strategy performance measurement systems, and environmental dynamism. 4) The dominant dependent variables are performance and psychological variables. 5) Environmental dynamism and environmental uncertainty are the external contingencies that affect performance, and the most dominant internal contingency is the variable related to individual factors. 6) Finally, the majority of the article use contingency variables that tend to concentrate on increasing the number of independent rather than dependent variables.
Keywords: Management control system, BRIA Journal 2006-2018
UNAPREĐENJE SERVISA POTROŠAČA U PREDUZEĆU „APOTEKA SUBOTICA“
Authors: Kukulj Snežana 
Published: February 2020

U radu je izvršena analiza trenutnog stanja u preduzeću „Apoteka Subotica“ sa ciljem da se pomoću određenih metoda identifikuju moguće mere unapređenja u oblasti logistike, odnosno marketing logistike i servisa potrošača.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Buah Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Pada Kadar Kolesterol Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Hiperkolesterolemia
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Arisandi Desto , Sismawati Sismawati 
Published: February 2020

Penyebab Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) adalah peningkatan kadar kolesterol di dalam darah, sehingga berisiko terjadi penyumbatan pada pembuluh darah (aterosklerosis). Kolesterol LDL yang banyak terdapat di dalam aliran darah akan tertimbun di dalam pembuluh darah arteri dan berpotensi mengakibatkan penyumbatan. Ekstrak buah sirsak mengandung senyawa antioksidan seperti alkaloid, tannin, saponin, flavonoid dan polifenol yang sangat dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh dan mencegah berbagai penyakit yang masuk ke dalam tubuh. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol buah Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.) pada Kolesterol Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) tikus putih (Rattus Norvegicus) hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan 10 ekor tikus putih jantan (Rattus Novergicus, L.), berumur 2-3 bulan dengan berat 150-200 g, yang dibagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Induksi hiperkolesterolemia dilakukan dengan pemberian makanan diet lemak tinggi selama 7 hari. Ekstrak etanol buah sirsak diberikan secara sonde pada kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis 3,6 mg/200gBB/hari selama 14 hari dan pengukuran kadar kolesterol LDL dilakukan pada hari ke 16 dan 30 dengan metode pemeriksaan CHOD-PAP. Data dianalisis dengan uji Paired t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar kolesterol LDL pada kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan sebanyak 5 tikus mengalami penurunan, rerata penurunan sebesar 32,49 mg/dl sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol sebanyak 2 tikus mengalami penurunan, rerata penurunan sebesar 0,76 mg/dl. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0.05) pada perubahan kadar kolesterol LDL pada kelompok perlakuan. Pemberian ekstrak buah sirsak dengan 3,6 mg/200gBB/hari selama 14 hari dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL tikus hiperkolesterolemia.
(دلالة التعريف والتنكير في القران الكريم (ايات التعصب والعناد انموذجاً
Authors: علي القريشي عزيز سليم , حمزة عباس يونس 
Published: February 2020

التعريف والتنكير من الظواهر البارزة في اللغة العربية، والمميزة لها، وهما مشاركان في بناء الجملة، من الناحية التركيبية والدلالية، فالمعرفة لها دلالة معينة، كذلك النكرة، لها دلالتها الخاصة بها، فليس من الصدفة أن يُعرّف الاسم أو يُنكّر .
وتناول النحويون ظاهرة المعرفةَ والنكرةَ في كتبهم ودراساتهم، وذكروا أقْسام المعارف، كالضّمير، والعلم، والاسم الموصول، واسم الإشارة، والمُعرّف بـ (أل)، وغيرها، وكان حديثُهم من الناحية الإعرابية المحضة، أمّا علماء البلاغة؛ فقد تناولوا هذه الظاهرة من زاوية أُخرى، فتحدّثوا في أغراض التعريفِ، سواء أكان هذا التعريفُ بالضمير أم بغيرِهِ، وتحدّثوا في دواعي التنكير، وهم حينما يذكرون بعض الأغراض والدواعي؛ فإنما يفتحون بذلك الباب للغوص في الكلام البليغ، فيُلتقطُ منه الدُرر، وتدرك بعض الدواعي التي لم تذكر؛ لتُستخرج بالحسّ والذهن والذوق (1)
تناول سيبويه ظاهرة التعريف والتنكير، وقال: "واعلم أنّ النكرة أخفُّ عليهم من المعرفة، وهي أشّدُّ تمكّناً؛ لأن النكرة أوّل، ثمّ يدخل عليها ما تُعرّف به، فمن ثَمّ أكثرُ الكلام ينصرفُ إلى النكرة"(2)، أي أنّ النكرة تأتي أوّلاً، ثم تأتي المعرفة بعدها .
وبحثَ الجرجاني مسألة التعريف والتنكير، ويكادُ أن يعدّ المخاطب الركيزة الأساسية فيهما، وإن كان هذا لا ينفي وجود المتكلم في الصياغة باعتبار المتكلّم هو المصدر والخالق(3) .
ويُعدّ (التعريف والتنكير) "من أدوات الدلالة على المعاني، فكلاهما يدل على معين، إلا انّ الفرق بينهما، أنّ النكرة يفهم منها ذات المعين فقط، ولا يفهم منها كونه معلوما للسامع؛ لأن النكرة بمفردها تدل على الإطلاق، وأما المعرفة فيفهم منها ذات المعين ويفهم منها كونه معلوما للسامع لدلالة اللفظ على التعيين"(4) .
التطورات السياسية الداخلية في سنغافورة 1945 – 1959 والموقف البريطاني منها
Authors: حاتم الفهد ماهر جاسب 
Published: February 2020

يتناول هذا البحث التطورات السياسية الداخلية في سنغافورة 1945 – 1959، إذ شهدت سنغافورة خلال هذه المدة تحولات سياسية مهمة، كان لها أثرٌ بالغٌ في تحقيق حكمها الذاتي في عام 1959 وتخلصها جزئياً من سيطرة الاستعمار البريطاني . إذ شهدت هذه المرحلة تعاون واضح بين معظم الشخصيات والنخب السنغافورية من جهة والسلطات البريطانية من جهة أخرى تجاه معظم المشاريع والخطوات السياسية المُتبعة في سنغافورة، ولم يقف ضدها إلا بعض العناصر اليسارية ( وخاصة الشيوعية ) .
أسفر هذا التعاون عن تقدم تدريجي في المكانة السياسية والدستورية لسنغافورة، حتى تحولت من مستعمرة تُدار بصورة مباشرة من الحاكم البريطاني العام إلى دولة تتمتع بالحكم الذاتي يشرف عليها رئيس وزراء سنغافوري تسنده جمعية تشريعية مُنتخبة من الشعب السنغافوري .
وهذا التعاون بين الجانبين، كان له أيضاً أثرٌ واضحٌ على مسار الوضع السياسي في سنغافورة، إذ سجل ولأول مرة في تاريخ سنغافورة ظهور الأحزاب السياسية لاحتواء الجماهير وتنظيمها، واهم هذه الأحزاب هي الإتحاد الديمقراطي المالاوي والحزب التقدمي وجبهة العمل وحزب العمل الشعبي وأخذت بالتصاعد حتى وصل عددها في انتخابات 1959 إلى ثلاثة عشر حزباً، وأثمر هذا التعاون كذلك عن كتابة أول دستور في البلاد، مرت عملية صياغته بعدد من المراحل، ثم أُطر بشكله النهائي في عام 1958، وشهدت هذه المرحلة من تاريخ سنغافورة، تأسيس أول جمعية تشريعية وطنية منتخبة في البلاد، تنافست فيها الأحزاب السياسية، وتسابق رجالها على استلام المناصب . ومن جانب آخر كان لهذه المرحلة السياسية انعكاس على طبيعة تعامل البريطانيين معهم، إذ أجبرت الأحزاب السياسية ولاسيما الرئيسة منها ( جبهة العمل وحزب العمل الشعبي ) البريطانيين على الاستجابة لأهم مطالب الشعب السنغافوري، والتي يتصدرها الاستقلال الوطني . هذا وسجلت المدة ( 1945 – 1959 ) سيطرة للحزب التقدمي في انتخابات 1948 و 1951، ثم فوز جبهة العمل في انتخابات 1955، واكتسح حزب العمل الشعبي الجميع في انتخابات 1959 .