bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endogenous CRISPR/Cas9 arrays for scalable whole-organism lineage tracing
Authors: Cotterell James , Vila-Cejudo Marta , Batlle-Morera Laura , Sharpe James 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The past decade has seen a renewed appreciation of the central importance of cellular lineages to many questions in biology (especially organogenesis, stem cells and tumor biology). This has been driven in part by a renaissance in genetic clonal-labeling techniques. Recent approaches are based on accelerated mutation of DNA sequences, which can then be sequenced from individual cells to re-create a ‘phylogenetic’ tree of cell lineage. However, current approaches depend on making transgenic alterations to the genome in question, which limit their application. Here, we introduce a new method that completely avoids the need for prior genetic engineering, by identifying endogenous CRISPR/Cas9 target arrays suitable for lineage analysis. In both mouse and zebrafish, we identify the highest quality compact arrays as judged by equal base composition, 5′ G sequence, minimal likelihood of residing in the functional genome, minimal off targets and ease of amplification. We validate multiple high-quality endogenous CRISPR/Cas9 arrays, demonstrating their utility for lineage tracing. Our pragmatically scalable technique thus can produce deep and broad lineages in vivo, while removing the dependence on genetic engineering.
Covid-19 Outbreak – Immediate and long-term impacts on the dental profession
Authors: Ghani Fazal 
Published: May 2020

The health professions and systems have been challenged evoking heightened reactions around the globe as response to Covid-19. While most heavily impacted, the role of the dental professionals in preventing the transmission and responding to its long-term impacts on dentistry is critically important. This report, while outlining the immediate impact that the Covid-19 outbreak currently has on dental healthcare professionals, it also looks at some heavier impacts that this outbreak might have on the profession of dentistry. As such this manuscript offers some suggestions and recommendations based on personal feeling.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2698
How to cite this:Ghani F. Covid-19 Outbreak – Immediate and long-term impacts on the dental profession. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S126-S129. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2698
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Potential Barriers Amongst Health Care Professionals (HCPs) of Pakistan in Managing COVID 19 patients
Authors: Haq Muhammad Irfan Ul , Shafiq Faraz , Sheikh Haris 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: To evaluate basic knowledge of Health Care Professionals (HCPs) of Pakistan in managing COVID 19 patients. It includes information regarding infection control measures, administrative and professional support. This was followed by evaluation of psychological factor that can act as a barrier in effective management of these patients.
Methods: The survey was conducted on line using Google Form. After approval from hospital ethical committee survey link was disseminated to HCPs using social media.
Results: Four hundred fifteen HCPs were participated. Most of them were younger than 30 years and majority of them were postgraduate trainees. Results showed gaps in the knowledge about basic infection control measure like donning/doffing and understanding about high-risk procedures. On job training, professional and administrative support is compromising. Many of HCPs are anxious nowadays, having symptoms related to burn out with logical reasons behind. Even with all those hurdles they are committed and ready to volunteer themselves.
Conclusion: The HCPs of Pakistan needs urgent attention for providing them Formal training regarding infection control measure. Administrative and professional support is required from institutions and scientific societies. Online teaching modules and webinar is a suitable option. The symptoms of burn out are significant and would increase with passage of time. This needs to be supported by occupational health committees.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2753
How to cite this:Irfan-Ul-Haq M, Shafiq F, Sheikh H. Potential Barriers amongst Health Care Professionals of Pakistan in managing COVID-19 patients. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S17-S21. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2753
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
New Horizons: COVID-19 and the Burden of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Pakistan
Authors: Hashmi Ali M , Saleem Haider Ali 
Published: May 2020

This manuscript reviews the current state of knowledge about the burden of mental illness and assesses the impact of COVID-19 illness on mental health in Pakistan. For this we analyzed secondary data obtained from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study draws from a wide range of data sources to quantify global and regional effects of a disease. We also did a literature search on the effects of COVID-19 illness on mental health and the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 and other Corona virus related illnesses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Data from the studies obtained was utilized to extrapolate the anticipated effects of COVID-19 illness on healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients and the general public in Pakistan. Mental illness poses a significant challenge to Pakistan’s under resourced health care system. COVID-19 has the potential to strain Pakistan’s healthcare system to the breaking point. So far, the general morbidity from COVID-19 illness in Pakistan has been low compared to other countries but this could change in the coming weeks and months. Hidden within this crisis are also some opportunities for both healthcare and education.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2792
How to cite this:Hashmi AM, Saleem HA. New Horizons: COVID-19 and the Burden of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S95-S98. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2792
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
New trends in radiology education, time to adapt locally
Authors: Khan Faheemullah , Khan Noman , Saeed Muhammad Arif 
Published: May 2020

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2823
How to cite this:Khan F, Khan N, Saeed MA. New trends in radiology education, time to adapt locally. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):COVID19-S140. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2823
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Parental locus of control and the failure to obtain a child diagnosis: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Nowicki Stephen , Rai Dheeraj , Gregory Steve , Iles-Caven Yasmin , Ellis Genette , Golding Jean 
Published: May 2020

Background:Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were analysed to investigate associations between parents’ locus of control (LOC) and their use of their children’s symptoms to pursue a diagnosis of autism. Methods:Comparison of parental LOC obtained prenatally with various aspects of the child’s (<12 years) development, used the prevalence of four autistic traits, to ascertain the likelihood that they qualified for an autism diagnosis.Results:Parents with an external LOC had children who were more likely to demonstrate extreme levels of each of the four autistic traits (e.g. for social communication 8.9% of offspring of internal LOC versus 12.3% of external LOC mothers; P<0.0001). However, the rate of autism diagnosis was considerably greater if the mother was internal compared to external (13.3 v 9.6 per 1000). To determine whether the difference was autism specific, we compared parental LOC with children diagnosed with dyslexia and those with reading impairments. Although externals’ children had more reading impairment indicators than internals, this was not reflected by them being more likely to be diagnosed as dyslexic.Conclusions:We conclude that children of parents with an externally oriented LOC may be less likely to be diagnosed appropriately than children of internally oriented parents. Interventions to increase parental internality may improve the likelihood of appropriate diagnoses and hence an improvement in child well-being.
Evaluation of an educational intervention that aims to improve the keep/refer decision-making abilities of Austrian undergraduate physiotherapy students: a randomised pilot study
Authors: Lackenbauer Wolfgang , Janssen Jessie , Roddam Hazel , Selfe James 
Published: May 2020

Background/Aims An ongoing discussion about direct access to physiotherapy for patients with musculoskeletal pain disorders in Austria requires the development of a curriculum that educates physiotherapy students to make autonomous decisions to treat the patient without the need for medical referral (keep), to treat the patient with additional medical check-up (keep and refer) or to send the patient for medical evaluation without physiotherapeutic management (refer), and to recognise the presence of serious pathologies. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of an educational intervention that was provided to Austrian physiotherapy students in their final semester of the 3-year undergraduate (bachelor) degree. Methods An educational intervention was given to Austrian physiotherapy students in their final semester of the 3-year undergraduate (bachelor) degree, which consisted of a single, 1-hour face-to-face case-based lecture on the principles of differential diagnosis, screening for possible red flag pathologies and review of the body systems. A control group did not receive the intervention, but both groups completed 11 validated vignettes. Results Half of Austrian universities (n=6/12) and 116 final year Austrian undergraduate physiotherapy students took part in the study. All students from the intervention group were satisfied with the intervention and 77.6% found the intervention beneficial for making keep/refer decisions based on clinical vignettes. Overall, 89.7% did not find the intervention too time consuming. A potential effectiveness of the intervention could not be demonstrated. Conclusions Future similar studies need to investigate if more teaching hours and/or if different educational methods are capable of improving the keep/refer decision-making abilities of Austrian undergraduate physiotherapy students.
Equine Review
Authors: Romero Yolanda Serrano , Crabtree James R. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: For this edition of the Equine Review we thought it may be interesting to look at some papers published over the last few months relating to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) with new findings in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, a review of treatment options and the role of masks as protective measures against virus transmission.
A systematic review of imageless hand-held robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty: learning curve, accuracy, functional outcome and survivorship
Authors: Clement Nicholas D. , Al-Zibari Marwan , Afzal Irrum , Deehan David J. , Kader Deiary 
Published: May 2020

The aim of this systematic review was to present and assess the quality of evidence for learning curve, component positioning, functional outcomes and implant survivorship for image-free hand-held robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty. Searches of PubMed and Google Scholar were performed in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis statement. The criteria for inclusion was any published full-text article or abstract assessing image-free hand-held robotic knee arthroplasty and reporting learning curve, implant positioning, functional outcome or implant survival for clinical or non-clinical studies. There were 22 studies included. Five studies reported the learning curve: all were for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) – no learning curve for accuracy, operative time was reduced after five to 10 cases and a steady surgical time was achieved after eight cases. There were 16 studies reporting accuracy: rate of outliers was halved, higher rate of joint line and mechanical axis restoration, supported by low root mean square error values. Six studies reported functional outcome: all for UKA, improvement at six to 52 weeks, no difference from manual UKA except when assessed for lateral UKA which showed improved clinical outcomes. Two studies reported survivorship: one reported an unadjusted revision rate of 7% at 20 months for medial UKA and the other found a 99% two-year survival rate for UKA. There was evidence to support more accurate implant positioning for UKA, but whether this is related to superior functional outcomes or improved implant survivorship was not clear and further studies are required. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:319-326. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190065
Aerogel scattering filters for cosmic microwave background observations
Authors: Essinger-Hileman Thomas , Bennett Charles L. , Corbett Lance , Guo Haiquan , Helson Kyle , Marriage Tobias , Meador Mary Ann B. , Rostem Karwan , Wollack Edward J. 
Published: May 2020

We present the design and performance of broadband and tunable infrared-blocking filters for millimeter and submillimeter astronomy composed of small scattering particles embedded in an aerogel substrate. The ultralow-density (typically

<

150

m
g

/

c
m

3

) aerogel substrate provides an index of refraction as low as 1.05, removing the need for antireflection coatings and allowing for broadband operation from DC to above 1 THz. The size distribution of the scattering particles can be tuned to provide a variable cutoff frequency. Aerogel filters with embedded high-resistivity silicon powder are being produced at 40 cm diameter to enable large-aperture cryogenic receivers for cosmic microwave background polarimeters, which require large arrays of sub-Kelvin detectors in their search for the signature of an inflationary gravitational-wave background.
Levantamento da entomofauna em carcaça de suíno (Sus scrofa) em área urbana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Authors: De Paula Amanda Aparecida , Costa Marlon Bernardo , Vianna Elisa Neves , De Filippis Thelma , Marinho Pablo Alves 
Published: May 2020

A entomologia forense, apesar de séculos de sua existência, tem se desenvolvido lentamente no Brasil devido à dedicação de um número de cientistas relativamente baixo quando comparado com outras áreas das ciências forenses. No estado de Minas Gerais, os estudos nessa área praticamente inexistem, necessitando de trabalhos científicos para formar especialistas que possam auxiliar as investigações em crimes que haja encontro de cadáveres em estado de putrefação. Um dos principais objetivos da entomologia forense é a estimativa do intervalo pós-morte mínimo (IPM), permitindo calcular qual o tempo mínimo da morte do cadáver. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como finalidade analisar a diversidade e sucessão da entomofauna colonizadora em porco doméstico (Sus scrofa), bem como estimar o IPM por meio das larvas coletadas ao longo do experimento. O experimento ocorreu em mata urbana, no período de março a abril de 2017, utilizando uma carcaça de suíno de aproximadamente 3 kg. Durante o período de experimento foi possível verificar cinco fases de decomposição, sendo necessários 20 dias para alcançar a fase de esqueletização. Na classe Insecta a ordem mais abundante foi dos dípteros da família Calliphoridae (n=305), sendo as espécies Chrysomya megacephala (n=103) e Chrysomya putoria (n=78) as mais representativas. Utilizando os métodos grau-dia acumulado (GDA) e período de atividade do inseto (PAI) para estimar o IPM, foi possível calcular com certa exatidão o período em que o porco havia sido morto, demonstrando a aplicabilidade dessa ferramenta para esclarecer tempo de morte em casos de encontro de cadáveres onde os fenômenos cadavéricos não são mais confiáveis para essa finalidade.
A aplicação do protocolo NFPA 1033 no exame pericial de explosão: o caso da fogueira de Osasco-SP
Authors: Cotomacio André Carrara 
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho consiste em um relato de experiência a respeito da utilização do protocolo NFPA 1033 em uma perícia de local de explosão. Para tanto, aplicaram-se ao exame pericial as etapas pertinentes do referido padrão metodológico, sendo possível estabelecer as causas do sinistro. No presente relato são discutidos os aspectos e as dificuldades na aplicação da metodologia que culminaram na confirmação de sua importância como um protocolo padrão de atuação na realização de exames periciais de incêndio e explosão. Palavras-Chave: Explosão. Incêndio. Engenharia legal. Perícia Criminal. NFPA.
Medicina Legal
Authors: Silva Juciara da Costa 
Published: May 2020

Resenha DescritivaMedicina Legal é uma referência amplamente didática e reformulada destinada para conhecimento prático e de formação acadêmica para as seguintes áreas: perícia, medicina e aos interessados em ciência forense. Adicionalmente, é uma obra recomendada para os concurseiros das carreiras policiais
Training Needs and Preferences of Social Workers Providing Services to Migrant Children
Authors: Mataitytė-Diržienė Jurga , Ališauskaitė Vaida 
Published: May 2020

A recent wave of migration has brought a lot of children to the EU. Children in migration face a stronger risk of becoming victims of violence, physical or sexual abuse, and trafficking. Social workers in the receiving countries are usually the ones who most often provide services to them. The study, using focus group methodology and aiming to identify the needs of social workers for training and their training preferences in this context, was carried out in 2018, in 7 EU countries.
The results have shown that the main issue is the absence of specific, systemic training aimed at improving the knowledge and skills needed for work with migrants. The public or governmental institutions did not have an interest in providing such kinds of training, they were organized on an ad-hoc basis by NGOs mainly. Lack of knowledge about legal systems, the difference between the theory and practice, and the lack of practical experience working with migrant minors were named by participants as the main gaps that need improvement.
Selektivitas Ligan DBDTP Terhadap Isomer Ligan Dbdtp untuk Ekstraksi Logam Tanah Jarang Berdasarkan Kajian Simulasi Dinamika Molekuler
Authors: Dewi Ratna Sari , Mutholib Abdul , Anggraeni Anni , Bahti Hesein H. , Hardianto Ari , Yusuf Muhammad 
Published: May 2020

Logam tanah jarang (LTJ) merupakan suatu material strategis nasional. Tingkat kebutuhan terhadap LTJ semakin lama semakin meningkat pesat. Pemisahan LTJ dapat menggunakan berbagai metode pemisahan, salah satunya dengan menggunakan ligan pengompleks. Ligan Dibutyl dithiophosphate (DBDTP) memiliki banyak keuntungan ketika digunakan sebagai ekstraktan dalam ekstraksi. Simulasi komputer membutuhkan suatu metode akurat dalam memodelkan sistem yang dikaji. Simulasi sering dilakukan dengan kondisi yang sangat mirip dengan eksperimen, sehingga hasil perhitungan kimia komputasi dapat dibandingkan secara langsung dengan eksperimen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan prediksi pemisahan ekstraksi LTJ (Sm dan Gd) menggunakan ligan DBDTP dan isomer ligan DBDTP dengan menghitung kestabilan kompleks berdasarkan dinamika molekuler. Ligan DBDTP dan Isomer ligan DBDTP dibuat dengan program BIOVIA Discovery studio 2016, lalu dihubungkan dengan atom pusat dan dilakukan optimasi energi menggunakan program AMBER 16, kemudian disimulasikan dengan sistem satu pelarut selama 10 ns secara eksplisit..Hasil simulasi kompleks UTJ dengan isomer ligan DBDTP dan tiga air secara dinamika molekuler menunjukkan bahwa semakin kecil radian atom maka semakin kecil nilai energi ikatan dan semakin stabil. Energi untuk masing-masing kompleks LTJ (Sm dan Gd) untuk ligan DBDTP adalah -40,43 dan -121,13 Kkal/mol dan ligan isomer DBDTP sebesar -287,62 dan -438,38 Kkal/mol. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kompleks LTJ (Sm dan Gd) dengan isomer ligan DBDTP lebih stabil dibandingkan dengan ligan DBDTP.
Peranan Majelis Taklim dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Keagamaan Masyarakat
Authors: Lukman Saeful , Abidin Yusuf Zainal , Shodiqin Asep 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pemahaman tentang keagamaan masyarakat di lingkungan rw 03 desa Kebonjati. Secara lebih terperinci penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui materi yang disampaikan oleh da’i, metode yang menjadi pijakan dalam pelaksanaannya, dan untuk mengetahui hasil yang diperoleh mad’u dalam mengikuti kegiatan majelis taklim tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hal ini untuk mengetahui secara jelas mengenai gambaran tentang pemahaman pemikiran yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang yaitu mengenai peranan Majelis Taklim At-Taubah dalam meningkatkan pemahaman keagamaan dan pola perilaku masyarakat yang berada di lingkungan desa Kebonjati Sumedang. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap majelis taklim At-Taubah dapat diketahui bahwa majelis taklim berperan sebagai lembaga non formal yang berada ditengah-tengah masyarakat memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar bagi perkembangan pemahaman keagamaan pada masyarakat desa Kebonjati. Hal tersebut terlihat dari adanya perubahan baik dari sikap maupun perilaku masyarakatnya yang semakin agamis.
Kata Kunci : Peranan; Majelis Taklim; Pemahaman Keagamaan
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the understanding of the religious community in RW 03 Kebonjati village. In more detail this research aims to find out the material presented by the da'i, the method that becomes the basis for its implementation, and to find out the results obtained by mad'u in participating in the taklim assembly activities. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. This is to find out clearly about the description of the understanding of thoughts that will occur in the future, namely the role of the Majelis Taklim At-Taubah in improving religious understanding and patterns of behavior of the people in the village of Kebonjati, Sumedang. The results of the research carried out on the At-Taubah taklim assembly can be seen that the taklim assembly acting as a non-formal institution in the midst of the community contributed significantly to the development of religious understanding in the Kebonjati village community. This can be seen from the changes in both the attitude and behavior of the people who are increasingly religious.
Keywords : Role; Majelis Taklim; Religious Understanding