bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobility Assessment of the Supraspinatus in a Porcine Cadaver Model Using a Sensor-Enhanced, Arthroscopic Grasper
Authors: Porschke Felix , Luecke Christoph , Guehring Thorsten , Weiss Christel , Studier-Fischer Stefan , Gruetzner Paul Alfred , Schnetzke Marc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTendon mobility is highly relevant in rotator cuff surgery. Objective data about rotator cuff mobility is rare. Tendon mobility still needs to be evaluated subjectively by the surgeon. This study aims to establish a porcine animal model for mobility analysis of the supraspinatus. In this context, we introduce a sensor-enhanced, arthroscopic grasper (SEAG) suitable for objective intraoperative measurements of tendon mobility in clinical praxis. Tendon mobility of 15 fresh porcine cadaver shoulders with artificial rotator cuff tears was evaluated using the SEAG. Mobility characteristics (load–displacement curves, maximum load, stiffness) were studied and inter- and intraobserver agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)) were tested. Factors with a potential adverse effect (plastic deformation and rigor mortis) were also evaluated. All shoulders showed characteristic reproducible load–displacement curves with a nonlinear part at the start, followed by a linear part. Mean maximum load was 28.6 N ± 12.5. Mean stiffness was 6.0 N/mm ± 2.6. We found substantial interobserver agreement (ICC 0.672) and nearly perfect intraobserver agreement (0.944) for maximum load measurement. Inter- (0.021) and intraobserver (0.774) agreement for stiffness was lower. Plastic deformation and rigor mortis were excluded. The animal model demonstrates reliable and in vivo-like measurements of tendon mobility. The SEAG is a reliable tool for tendon mobility assessment.
Epi-off-lenticule-on corneal collagen cross-linking in thin keratoconic corneas
Authors: Cagini Carlo , Riccitelli F. , Messina M. , Piccinelli F. , Torroni G. , Said D. , Al Maazmi A. , Dua H. S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) performed on overlaying a corneal lenticule to thin recipient corneas of progressive keratoconus (KC) patients.

Methods
In this study were enrolled eyes of patients affected by progressive KC with a minimum corneal thickness less than 400 µm, after overlaying a lenticule of human corneal stroma prepared with the femtosecond laser. The lenticules used were 100 µm thick and of 8.5 mm diameter in all the cases. Both the host cornea and the lenticules were subjected to epithelial debridement. CXL was carried out according to the standard protocol. Visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp examination, endothelial cell density, pachymetry and keratometry, anterior segment tomography (AS-OCT) and confocal microscopy were evaluated preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively.

Results
CXL was performed in 10 eyes of 8 patients (main age 23), corneal thickness range 379–414 µm, mean 387.6 µm. One patient was lost at follow-up. In all other cases, visual acuity and the endothelial cell density remained stable over a 12-month follow-up. Preoperative mean K1 and mean K2 were 46.91 ± 1.9 and 50.75 ± 2.93, respectively, and at 12 months mean K1 was 47.36 ± 2.66 and mean K2 50.53 ± 3.35. The AS-OCT clearly showed a demarcation line in all patients at 1, 3 (mean depth 283 µm and 267 µm, respectively) and in some cases at 6 months. Reduced keratocyte density and stromal oedema were observed immediately up to 1 month after treatment, while a slight subepithelial haze was present at 1-month and completely disappeared by 6 months.

Conclusion
This new technique seems to offer a therapeutic opportunity for young patients suffering from progressive KC with very thin corneas, in which the standard treatment is not indicate, and delay or avoid the need for a corneal transplant.
Prisoners’ academic motivation, viewed from the perspective of self-determination theory: Evidence from a population of Norwegian prisoners
Authors: Manger Terje , Hetland Jørn , Jones Lise Øen , Eikeland Ole Johan , Asbjørnsen Arve E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study presented in this article explores prisoners’ academic motivation structure from the theoretical perspective of self-determination theory, using the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). Analysing survey responses from 529 (29 female, 500 male) prisoners with Norwegian citizenship who participated in education while being incarcerated, the authors investigate how prison students’ motivation might be “reduced” or summarised using a smaller set of factors or components than extant studies. A confirmatory factor analysis suggested that a five-factor model, including intrinsic motivation, three types of extrinsic motivation (namely identified regulation, introjected regulation, and external regulation) and amotivation, yielded the best fit with the data provided by the prisoners. An alternative three-factor model created by collapsing the three extrinsic dimensions into a single dimension was found to fit the data poorly. The structural model revealed that younger prisoners displayed more controlled academic motivations than older ones, who displayed more autonomous motivations. Contrary to the authors’ expectations, prisoners with a higher level of education did not display more autonomous academic motivations than those with a lower level.
Determinants of Citation in Epidemiological Studies on Phthalates: A Citation Analysis
Authors: Urlings Miriam J. E. , Duyx Bram , Swaen Gerard M. H. , Bouter Lex M. , Zeegers Maurice P. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCiting of previous publications is an important factor in knowledge development. Because of the great amount of publications available, only a selection of studies gets cited, for varying reasons. If the selection of citations is associated with study outcome this is called citation bias. We will study determinants of citation in a broader sense, including e.g. study design, journal impact factor or the funding source of the publication. As a case study we assess which factors drive citation in the human literature on phthalates, specifically the metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). A systematic literature search identified all relevant publications on human health effect of MEHP. Data on potential determinants of citation were extracted in duplo. Specialized software was used to create a citation network, including all potential citation pathways. Random effect logistic regression was used to assess whether these determinants influence the likelihood of citation. 112 Publications on MEHP were identified, with 5684 potential citation pathways of which 551 were actual citations. Reporting of a harmful point estimate, journal impact factor, authority of the author, a male corresponding author, research performed in North America and self-citation were positively associated with the likelihood of being cited. In the literature on MEHP, citation is mostly driven by a number of factors that are not related to study outcome. Although the identified determinants do not necessarily give strong indications of bias, it shows selective use of published literature for a variety of reasons.
Controversies in the treatment of RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Vera R. , Salgado M. , Safont M. J. , Gallego J. , González E. , Élez E. , Aranda E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To provide guidance for the management of RAS wild-type (wt) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in daily practice.

Methods
Nominal group and Delphi techniques were used. A steering committee of seven experts analyzed the current management of RAS wt mCRC, through which they identified controversies, critically analyzed the available evidence, and formulated several guiding statements for clinicians. Subsequently, a group of 30 experts (the expert panel) was selected to test agreement with the statements, through two Delphi rounds. The following response categories were established in both rounds: 1 = totally agree, 2 = basically agree, 3 = basically disagree, 4 = totally disagree. Agreement was defined if ≥ 75% of answers were in categories 1 and 2 (consensus with the agreement) or 3 and 4 (consensus with the disagreement).

Results
Overall, 71 statements were proposed, which incorporated the following areas: (1) overarching principles; (2) tumor location; (3) triplets; (4) maintenance; (5) second-line and beyond treatments; (6) Rechallenge and liquid biopsy. After the two Delphi rounds, only six statements maintained a lack of clear consensus.

Conclusions
This document aims to describe the expert’s attitude when dealing with several common clinical questions regarding patients with RAS wt mCRC.
Gender Dysphoria and Transgender Identity Is Associated with Physiological and Psychological Masculinization: a Theoretical Integration of Findings, Supported by Systematic Reviews
Authors: Dutton Edward , Madison Guy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Gender dysphoria (GD) is associated with several psychiatric conditions, but the causal links are not known. We note that some of these conditions are associated with physiological masculinisation.

Methods
Here, we explore this association through a series of systematic reviews, using Google Scholar, on original studies that test the relationship between GD and at least one correlate of androgens, namely autism spectrum disorder, left-handedness, 2D:4D ratio, being male and male heterosexuality.

Results
Individuals with GD tend to exhibit scores that reflect heightened levels of androgens and masculinity compared with non-GD individuals. We further show that these same androgen indices are also associated with other identity disorders (or dysphoriae).

Conclusions
Autism is associated with masculinisation, and we argue that GD may reflect autism spectrum disorder traits that indirectly lead to anxiety and to one questioning one’s sense of self. We note that this is consistent with Blanchard’s transsexualism typology, which successfully integrates a wide range of empirical findings.
Hydrogen-assisted cracking in GMA welding of high-strength structural steels using the modified spray arc process
Authors: Schaupp Thomas , Rhode Michael , Yahyaoui Hamza , Kannengiesser Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh-strength structural steels are used in machine, steel, and crane construction with yield strength up to 960 MPa. However, welding of these steels requires profound knowledge of three factors in terms of avoidance of hydrogen-assisted cracking (HAC): the interaction of microstructure, local stress/strain, and local hydrogen concentration. In addition to the three main factors, the used arc process is also important for the performance of the welded joint. In the past, the conventional transitional arc process (Conv. A) was mainly used for welding of high-strength steel grades. In the past decade, the so-called modified spray arc process (Mod. SA) has been increasingly used for welding production. This modified process enables reduced seam opening angles with increased deposition rates compared with the Conv. A. Economic benefits of using this arc type are a reduction of necessary weld beads and required filler material. In the present study, the susceptibility to HAC in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the high-strength structural steel S960QL was investigated with the externally loaded implant test. For that purpose, both Conv. A and Mod. SA were used with same heat input at different deposition rates. Both conducted test series showed same embrittlement index “EI” of 0.21 at diffusible hydrogen concentrations of 1.3 to 1.6 ml/100 g of arc weld metal. The fracture occurred in the HAZ or in the weld metal (WM). However, the test series with Mod. SA showed a significant extension of the time to failure of several hours compared with tests carried out with Conv. A.
The Principal Branch of the Lambert W Function
Authors: Beardon A. F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe LambertWfunction is the multi-valued inverse of the function$$E(z) = z \exp z$$E(z)=zexpz. Let$$\widetilde{W}$$W~be a branch ofWdefined and single-valued on a region$$\widetilde{D}$$D~. We show how to use the Taylor expansion of$$\widetilde{W}$$W~at a given point of$$\widetilde{D}$$D~to obtain an infinite series representation of$$\widetilde{W}$$W~throughout$$\widetilde{D}$$D~.
The influence of stiffener geometry on flexural properties of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) beams
Authors: Gebrehiwot Silas Z. , Espinosa Leal L. , Eickhoff J. N. , Rechenberg L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe used finite element analyses (FEA) on Abaqus to study flexural properties of additive manufactured beams using polylactic acid (PLA) polymer. Experimental stress–strain data from flexural testing are used to define elastic–plastic properties of the material in the computation software. The flexural experiments are used to validate the FEA approach suggested. The method provides good results of deflection and stress with errors well below 10% in most of the cases. Therefore, by using the proposed approach, costs related to repeated experimental works can be avoided. In addition, the flexural rigidities of the additive manufactured beams are studied. Five different beam stiffener designs (diamond, honeycomb, square, triangular and wiggle) are studied based on beam bending theory. The force–deflection data from the flexural tests are used to determine the area moments of inertia of the beams. The honeycomb stiffener showed the highest force–deflection behaviour that led to the highest calculated area moment of inertia. However, with the lowest force–deflection behaviour, the square stiffener had the lowest calculated area moment of inertia.
Zum Konzept des magischen Menschen bei Theodor-Wilhelm Danzel
Authors: Wolfradt Uwe 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Ethnologe Theodor Wilhelm Danzel (1886–1954) entwirft in den 1920er-Jahren ausgehend von der Völker- und Ganzheitspsychologie eine kulturpsychologische Strukturtheorie des Religiösen. In diesem theoretischen Ansatz folgt die psychische Struktur des Bewusstseins als Beziehung zwischen Subjekt und Objekt einer kulturellen Stufenentwicklung (von der primitiven zur Hochkultur). Hierbei nimmt Danzel mit stetiger Kulturentwicklung eine Abnahme der Komplexität und Subjektivität, eine Zunahme von Objektivität und Differenzierung an. Dem magischen Menschen (Homo divinans) stellt er den technischen Menschen (Homo faber) entgegen. In der Innenwelt des magischen Menschen ist das Objektiv-Dingliche von der Subjektivität durchdrungen (Subjektivierung des Objektiven), was sich dadurch bemerkbar macht, dass die Dinge wandelbar sind. Dinge besitzen einen inneren Bedeutungscharakter; sie sind beseelt. Der seelische Gehalt von Dingen ist ferner übertragbar, d. h. als Substanz kann er auf andere übertragen werden (wie z. B. die Kraft des Mana in Melanesien). Im Beitrag wird zunächst in die Strukturtheorie Danzels mit ihren geistigen Strömungen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts eingeführt. Anschließend wird die in seiner Theorie zentralen Figur des Homo divinans dargestellt und auf ihre Bedeutung für die heutige Religionsforschung überprüft. Hierbei soll gezeigt werden, dass die Dichotomie Homo divinans und Homo faber auch noch heute in der Psychologie unter anderer Bezeichnung an Bedeutung gewinnt.
Mismatches of scale in the application of paleoclimatic research to Chinese archaeology
Authors: Jaffe Yitzchak Y. , Castellano Lorenzo , Shelach-Lavi Gideon , Campbell Roderick B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIssues surrounding the difficult task of correlating archaeological and climatic trajectories are directly impacting the study of human-environmental interaction in Ancient China. We have chosen to focus on the 4.2 ka BP event due to the widespread belief in recent Chinese archaeological publications that it brought about the collapse of Neolithic cultures in multiple regions of China. Following a literature review concerning the many issues surrounding the reconstruction of the 4.2 ka BP event in East Asia, we present three short case studies from the Lower Yangzi, the Shaanxi loess plateau, and the Central Plains detailing a number of problems with Chinese archaeological attempts at using climate change as a causal mechanism for sociopolitical change. We then focus on a common but highly problematic methodology—the growing use of archaeological data compiled in theAtlas of Chinese Cultural Relicsto correlate with climate proxies in order to generate linear, causal models explaining sociopolitical collapse. We follow with an example from Northeast China, where work from the past three decades has provided ample data with which to begin answering these questions in a more productive manner, and end with a set of suggestions for archaeologists and climate scientists going forward.
LINEAR RELATIONS AND INTEGRABILITY FOR CLUSTER ALGEBRAS FROM AFFINE QUIVERS
Authors: PALLISTER JOE 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider frieze sequences corresponding to sequences of cluster mutations for affine D- and E-type quivers. We show that the cluster variables satisfy linear recurrences with periodic coefficients, which imply the constant coefficient relations found by Keller and Scherotzke. Viewing the frieze sequence as a discrete dynamical system, we reduce it to a symplectic map on a lower dimensional space and prove Liouville integrability of the latter.
The social meaning of stylistic variability: Sociophonetic (in)variance in United States presidential candidates’ campaign rallies
Authors: D'Onofrio Annette , Stecker Amelia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile speakers have been shown to deploy linguistic styles to project socially meaningful personae, less well-understood are the ways that variability or consistency of stylistic practice across and within speech events can itself accumulate to construct a public image. This study examines the use of (ING) and word-final /t/-release across multiple campaign rallies of three US presidential candidates, speakers in heightened contexts of persona construction. Differences emerged in the degree and nature ofvariabilitycandidates exhibited in the use of these features across rally locales and utterance-level topic differences. We argue that the degree of linguistic variability a candidate exhibits across events itself serves as a socially meaningful linguistic resource, contributing to a constructed public image of flexibility or consistency in relation to a speaker's audience and public platform. We conclude that the amount of linguistic variability a speaker exhibits across contexts is itself a dimension of stylistic practice. (Style, sociophonetics, politicians, variability)*
Continuous Finite-Time Torque Control for Flexible Assistance Exoskeleton with Delay Variation Input
Authors: Xue Tao , Wang ZiWei , Zhang Tao , Bai Ou , Zhang Meng , Han Bin 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYAccurate torque control is a critical issue in the compliant human–robot interaction scenario, which is, however, challenging due to the ever-changing human intentions, input delay, and various disturbances. Even worse, the performances of existing control strategies are limited on account of the compromise between precision and stability. To this end, this paper presents a novel high-performance torque control scheme without compromise. In this scheme, a new nonlinear disturbance observer incorporated with equivalent control concept is proposed, where the faster convergence and stronger anti-noise capability can be obtained simultaneously. Meanwhile, a continuous fractional power control law is designed with an iteration method to address the matched/unmatched disturbance rejection and global finite-time convergence. Moreover, the finite-time stability proof and prescribed control performance are guaranteed using constructed Lyapunov function with adding power integrator technique. Both the simulation and experiments demonstrate enhanced control accuracy, faster convergence rate, perfect disturbance rejection capability, and stronger robustness of the proposed control scheme. Furthermore, the evaluated assistance effects present improved gait patterns and reduced muscle efforts during walking and upstair activity.
Invasive vertebrate eradications on islands as a tool for implementing global Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: de Wit Luz A , Zilliacus Kelly M , Quadri Paulo , Will David , Grima Nelson , Spatz Dena , Holmes Nick , Tershy Bernie , Howald Gregg R , Croll Donald A 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development sets a framework of universal Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to address challenges to society and the planet. Island invasive species eradications have well-documented benefits that clearly align with biodiversity conservation-related SDGs, yet the value of this conservation action for socioeconomic benefits is less clear. We examine the potential for island invasive vertebrate eradications to have ecological and socioeconomic benefits. Specifically, we examine: (1) how SDGs may have been achieved through past eradications; and (2) how planned future eradications align with SDGs and associated targets. We found invasive vertebrate eradication to align with 13 SDGs and 42 associated targets encompassing marine and terrestrial biodiversity conservation, promotion of local and global partnerships, economic development, climate change mitigation, human health and sanitation and sustainable production and consumption. Past eradications on 794 islands aligned with a median of 17 targets (range 13–38) by island. Potential future eradications on 292 highly biodiverse islands could align with a median of 25 SDG targets (range 15–39) by island. This analysis enables the global community to explicitly describe the contributions that invasive vertebrate management on islands can make towards implementing the global sustainable development agenda.
Frequency of legume consumption related to sociodemographic factors, health status and health-related variables among surveyed adults from Poland
Authors: Skórska Katarzyna Beata , Grajeta Halina , Zabłocka-Słowińska Katarzyna Agnieszka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:The aims of the study were: (i) to estimate the frequency of legume consumption in a study sample from Poland; (ii) to assess relationships between frequency of legume consumption and sociodemographic factors, health status and health-related variables and (iii) to describe the sociodemographic and health-related profiles of ‘frequent’, ‘rare’ and ‘never legume consumers’.Design:A cross-sectional study with a self-administered questionnaire was conducted. χ2 test compared the distribution of sociodemographic, health status and health-related variables in accordance with frequency of legume consumption. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) revealed the sociodemographic and health-related profiles of ‘frequent’, ‘rare’ and ‘never legume consumers’.Setting:Adult individuals from Poland.Participants:The present study included 1135 adults aged 18–80 years.Results:Only 22·8 % of all participants declared frequent legume consumption. The prevalence of ‘rare’ and ‘never consumers’ was 72·1 and 5·1 %, respectively. The MCA highlighted strong correspondence of sociodemographic factors, health status and health-related variables with the frequency of legume consumption.Conclusions:Low frequency of legume consumption in a study sample of adults from Poland was strongly associated with male sex, low educational level, physical work, living in villages and small cities, and living with more than one co-resident; low legume consumption was also associated with sedentary lifestyle, no disease prevalence and no dietary supplementation.