Patient-physician discordance in assessment of adherence to inhaled controller medication: a cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts
Authors: Jácome Cristina , Pereira Ana Margarida , Almeida Rute , Ferreira-Magalhaes Manuel , Couto Mariana , Araujo Luís , Pereira Mariana , Correia Magna Alves , Loureiro Cláudia Chaves , Catarata Maria Joana , Maia Santos Lília , Pereira João , Ramos Bárbara , Lopes Cristina , Mendes Ana , Cidrais Rodrigues José Carlos , Oliveira Georgeta , Aguiar Ana Paula , Afonso Ivete , Carvalho Joana , Arrobas Ana , Coutinho Costa José , Dias Joana , Todo Bom Ana , Azevedo João , Ribeiro Carmelita , Alves Marta , Leiria Pinto Paula , Neuparth Nuno , Palhinha Ana , Gaspar Marques João , Pinto Nicole , Martins Pedro , Todo Bom Filipa , Alvarenga Santos Maria , Gomes Costa Alberto , Silva Neto Armandina , Santalha Marta , Lozoya Carlos , Santos Natacha , Silva Diana , Vasconcelos Maria João , Taborda-Barata Luís , Carvalhal Célia , Teixeira Maria Fernanda , Alves Rodrigo Rodrigues , Moreira Ana Sofia , Sofia Pinto Cláudia , Morais Silva Pedro , Alves Carlos , Câmara Raquel , Coelho Didina , Bordalo Diana , Fernandes Ricardo M , Ferreira Rosário , Menezes Fernando , Gomes Ricardo , Calix Maria José , Marques Ana , Cardoso João , Emiliano Madalena , Gerardo Rita , Nunes Carlos , Câmara Rita , Ferreira José Alberto , Carvalho Aurora , Freitas Paulo , Correia Ricardo , Fonseca Joao A 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveWe aimed to compare patient’s and physician’s ratings of inhaled medication adherence and to identify predictors of patient-physician discordance.DesignBaseline data from two prospective multicentre observational studies.Setting29 allergy, pulmonology and paediatric secondary care outpatient clinics in Portugal.Participants395 patients (≥13 years old) with persistent asthma.MeasuresData on demographics, patient-physician relationship, upper airway control, asthma control, asthma treatment, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and healthcare use were collected. Patients and physicians independently assessed adherence to inhaled controller medication during the previous week using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Discordance was defined as classification in distinct VAS categories (low 0–50; medium 51–80; high 81–100) or as an absolute difference in VAS scores ≥10 mm. Correlation between patients’ and physicians’ VAS scores/categories was explored. A multinomial logistic regression identified the predictors of physician overestimation and underestimation.ResultsHigh inhaler adherence was reported both by patients (median (percentile 25 to percentile 75) 85 (65–95) mm; 53% VAS>80) and by physicians (84 (68–95) mm; 53% VAS>80). Correlation between patient and physician VAS scores was moderate (rs=0.580; p<0.001). Discordance occurred in 56% of cases: in 28% physicians overestimated adherence and in 27% underestimated. Low adherence as assessed by the physician (OR=27.35 (9.85 to 75.95)), FEV1≥80% (OR=2.59 (1.08 to 6.20)) and a first appointment (OR=5.63 (1.24 to 25.56)) were predictors of underestimation. An uncontrolled asthma (OR=2.33 (1.25 to 4.34)), uncontrolled upper airway disease (OR=2.86 (1.35 to 6.04)) and prescription of short-acting beta-agonists alone (OR=3.05 (1.15 to 8.08)) were associated with overestimation. Medium adherence as assessed by the physician was significantly associated with higher risk of discordance, both for overestimation and underestimation of adherence (OR=14.50 (6.04 to 34.81); OR=2.21 (1.07 to 4.58)), while having a written action plan decreased the likelihood of discordance (OR=0.25 (0.12 to 0.52); OR=0.41 (0.22 to 0.78)) (R2=44%).ConclusionAlthough both patients and physicians report high inhaler adherence, discordance occurred in half of cases. Implementation of objective adherence measures and effective communication are needed to improve patient-physician agreement.