bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of raloxifene on breast MRI volume in premenopausal women at increased risk for invasive breast cancer
Authors: Eng-Wong J. , Chow C. K. , Orzano J. , Venzon D. , Zujewski J. , Yao J. , Prindiville S. 
Published: March 2020

1518 Background: Breast MRI volume (MRIV) and mammographic density (MD) assess the amount of fibroglandular tissue in the breast. While increased MD is associated with a 4 to 6 fold increase in breast cancer risk, the association between MRIV and breast cancer is unknown. Previous studies have shown that MRIV and MD can be modulated with hormonal interventions. We evaluated the effect of raloxifene on MRIV in premenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer. We have previously reported that raloxifene did not change MD in this cohort. Raloxifene is indicated for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis but not for prevention of breast cancer or for use in premenopausal women. Methods: Premenopausal women at increased risk by virtue of: Gail model risk > 1.7% over 5 years; lobular neoplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, BRCA1/2 mutation positive, or a very strong family history were eligible for this phase II chemoprevention study. MRIs obtained at baseline and after two years on raloxifene 60 mg daily, and one year after discontinuing the drug were evaluated.T1 weighted spoiled gradient-echo MRI with fat suppression was used to determine volume using a semiautomatic method, after visual verification. Median relative change in MRIV was assessed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: 19 of 30 subjects who started study drug had breast MRI at baseline and after 2 years on raloxifene; median relative change was -16% (range -57 to +25%) (p=0.0004). 17 subjects had MRI at year 2 and one year after stopping drug. No significant change in MRIV was observed after stopping raloxifene, median relative change -9% (p=0.64). Conclusions: MRIV significantly declined while on raloxifene. In contrast no significant change in percent mammographic density in this same cohort was seen. Our findings suggest that MRIV may be a better surrogate biomarker than MD in premenopausal women at risk for breast cancer because of less variation in its measurement. MRIV should be further evaluated as a potential surrogate biomarker in prevention studies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Improved survival with combination oxaliplatin, irinotecan, cetuximab for metastatic pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lee F. , Roach M. , Duong L. , Heywood G. , Parasher G. , Rasila K. 
Published: March 2020

15180 Background: For metastatic pancreatic cancer, no combination chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival significantly in comparison to single agent gemcitabine. A novel combination with oxaliplatin 60 mg/m2, irinotecan 90 mg/m2, cetuximab 250 mg/m2 (OIC) given every two weeks appears to produce a high rate of radiographic response. Since our reporting (ASCO 2007 GI Conference), we continue to see a high rate of clinical and radiographic responses (50% by Recist Criteria). We therefore decided to look carefully on the survival data of OIC versus control (mainly gemcitabine single agent or in combination with other agents). Methods: We retrospective reviewed patients seen from 10/2002 to 10/2006 with diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic cancer. The survival duration was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of death. We included only patients whose dates of death could be confirmed with death certificates. Results: A total of 37 patients were identified. 11 of those were in the OIC arm and 26 were treated with other regimens (17 with gemcitabine-based regimens, 9 with either capecitabine or 5-FU-based regimens) that function as control. The range of survival duration was 4 - 28 months for OIC arm and 1 - 28 months for the control. Median survival was 10 months for the OIC arm versus 5 months for the control. Conclusions: OIC regimen produces a high rate of tumor response and may have a survival advantage with this retrospective analysis. We believe it is a regimen deserves further evaluation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Esophageal cancer treatment in our institute from 1999 to 2005
Authors: Miyazaki Y. , Imamura H. , Kishimoto T. , Yamamoto K. , Furukawa H. 
Published: March 2020

15183 Background: 5 year survival rate of esophageal cancer in Japan reported to the Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases from 1988 to 1994 (9,143 cases) was improved to 35.5% comparing to the rate of the beginning of 1980 which remained around 20%. This result was given by the increase of early cancer cases attributed to the progress of the ability of diagnosis, the improvement of the postoperative management, and the 3 field lymph node dissection introduced from the middle of 1980. Biological malignant potential and the modality of treatment for esophageal cancer in Japan differs from those in the United States. Methods: We studied clinicopathological characteristic and treatment results of 63 esophageal cancer patients in our institute from 1999 to 2005. Results: 63 patients consisted of 47 males and 16 females with mean age of 63.4±11.4. Out of 47 patients who underwent surgical treatment, 6 and 4 patients underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy, respectively. 15 patients without surgical treatment consisted of 12 patients, including one patient after endoscopical mucosal resection, undergoing chemoradiotherapy, 2 patients undergoing chemotherapy, and 3 patients undergoing radiotherapy, respectively. Most common histological type was squamous cell carcinoma (55 patients), followed by adenocarcinoma (3 patients), small cell carcinoma(3 patients), others(2 patients), and unknown(1 patients). There was 1 surgical treatment-related death. The major complications were SSI (18 patients), anastomotic leakage(7 patients) and recurrent nerve palsy (5 patients). The 2-year survival rate of patients with surgical resection was 68.1%, while the rate of the unresectable patients was 38.9%.Since 2002, we have adopted posterior mediastinal route as a prime choice, rather than retrosternal route. The median amount of blood loss, rate of complications and duration of post operative hospital stay of each routes are 650/415(ml), 65/45(%), 35/22(day), respectively. These results suggested that posterior mediastinal route showed superiority comparing to restrosternal route. Conclusions: Backed by these outcomes, we will aim to establish a logical strategy for esophageal cancer therapy which could accompany fewer complications, respect quality of life and prolong survival time. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Second-line chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer: A retrospective, single-center analysis
Authors: Herrmann T. , Jaeger D. , Stremmel W. , Herrmann C. 
Published: March 2020

15187 Background: Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer profit from palliative chemotherapy. The role of second-line chemotherapy is not yet established. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis in 98 patients who were treated at our department from 1/2004–6/2006 due to locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Results: At the time of analysis 67 patients had died (median overall survival 9 months), 31 patients are still alive (median follow up 9 months). 12 patients were initially treated with radiochemotherapy. 86 patients received systemic chemotherapy; 43 of these patients were treated with second-line chemotherapy after disease progression. OS was significantly longer in patients who received second-line chemotherapy (10 months versus 5.0 months, p=0.023). Response to second-line chemotherapy was partial remission in 2 patients (4.6 %), stable disease in 18 patients (44.8 %), and progressive disease in 19 patients (44.2 %), in 3 patients the treatment was stopped due to toxicity (6.9 %). 12 patients received second-line treatment after early disease progression under first-line chemotherapy. 9 of these patients did not respond to second-line treatment, 2 achieved stable disease and 1 patient had partial remission. Elevated LDH and CA19.9 serum levels at the time of diagnosis were identified as negative prognostic factors. Conclusions: Prognosis of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer is still poor. Selected patients may benefit from salvage chemotherapy after failure of first-line chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Differential gene expression in preoperative study of selenium and vitamin E chemoprevention in prostate cancer
Authors: Kim J. , Tsavachidou D. , Do K. , Wen S. , Babaian R. , Pisters L. , Pettaway C. , Troncoso P. , Logothetis C. , McDonnell T. 
Published: March 2020

1523 Background: To identify genes that distinguish between treatments, tumor types, and their interaction, we undertook a microarray analysis of tissue in a preoperative chemoprevention study of L-selenomethionine (SeMet) and vitamin E (VE) in prostate cancer. Methods: Forty-eight men with prostate cancer were enrolled in a single-institution, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that randomized patients into four groups receiving 200 μg SeMet, 400 IU VE, a combination of the two, or placebo (see 2006 ASCO abstract 1007). All patients also received a multivitamin and vitamin C (250 mg) daily. Modeled on the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial, this study included patients scheduled for prostatectomy within 3 to 6 wk of registration who had a prostate-specific antigen level <10 ng/mL within 3 mo of registration, clinical stage T1c/T2 disease, and a Gleason score =7. From core biopsy specimens, we isolated cancerous and noncancerous cells, tumor-adjacent stroma, and non-tumor adjacent stroma of 38 evaluable radical prostatectomy specimens using laser capture microdissection. The cDNA hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays was generated from extracted RNA, which had undergone two rounds of linear amplification. Expression levels were extracted using the positional-dependent nearest-neighbor model, and after ANOVA model analysis, effects were contrasted using the approximate z-test with statistic z. The beta-uniform mixture model was used to analyze p values and control the false discovery rate. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis followed. Results: Differentially expressed genes were selected that were common in the combination and selenium arms or in the combination and VE arms: unique in tumor-69 in combination and selenium, 71 in combination and VE; unique in stroma-64 in combination and selenium, 45 in combination and VE; unique in normal tissue-48 in combination and selenium, 38 in combination and VE. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that gene expression may be correlated with specific therapeutic interventions, and this analysis indicates that dietary antioxidants modulate gene expression in human prostate cancer cells and pathways relevant to prostate carcinogenesis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Management strategies for women at high risk for breast and ovarian cancer: Are women satisfied?
Authors: Westin S. N. , Sun C. C. , Lu K. H. , Schmeler K. M. , Soliman P. T. , White K. G. , Daniels M. S. , Arun B. K. , Peterson S. K. , Bodurka D. C. 
Published: March 2020

1524 Background: Women at high risk for breast and ovarian cancer have two major management options to reduce their risk of ovarian cancer, periodic screening (PS) or prophylactic oophorectomy (PO). Little is known regarding patient satisfaction levels with choice of risk reduction strategy. Our objective was to determine levels of patient satisfaction with PO versus PS and to identify factors which may influence satisfaction. Methods: As part of a larger study, women who received BRCA1/2 testing before July 2005 were sent a follow-up patient questionnaire packet. We are reporting on the Cancer Worry Scale and Satisfaction With Decision (SWD) scale (range of possible scores, 6–30). The lowest 10th percentile of the SWD score (21) was used to define low satisfaction. Chi-square, t-Test and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: A total of 540 surveys were mailed and 309 responses were received (57%). We excluded 127 patients due to history of an oophorectomy for benign or malignant indications or incomplete SWD scale. The median age of respondents was 48.2. 60/182 women (33%) had BRCA mutations and 64/182 (35.2%) underwent PO. The overall satisfaction rate among respondents was high (median score 29, range 14–30). Median SWD score was significantly higher in patients in the PO group compared to the PS group (30.0 vs. 26.5, p<.001). Patients with BRCA mutations had higher median SWD scores, regardless of management type (30.0 vs. 28.0, p=.013). Low satisfaction scores were associated with the perception that the decision between PO and PS was difficult to make (p=.001). Patients who expressed ongoing difficulty in their decision-making also had lower satisfaction scores (p=.016). Satisfaction was unrelated to demographics, clinical factors, or concerns of cancer risk. Conclusions: In our study, the majority of women at high risk for breast and ovarian cancer were satisfied with their choice of risk reduction strategy. In particular, women who chose PO had higher levels of overall satisfaction. Difficulty with decision-making was associated with lower satisfaction levels. Improved education and support of these women through the decision-making process may enhance overall levels of satisfaction with risk reduction strategy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Socioeconomic status of women attending an oncogenetic counseling clinic
Authors: von Wachenfeldt A. , Brandberg Y. , Johansson H. , Fornander T. 
Published: March 2020

1526 Background: In women with a family history (FH) of breast cancer the risk can be substantially increased and starts at an earlier age compared with the general population. Women with FH of breast cancer are not suggested oncogenetic counselling unless the subject is brought up in the contact with medical professionals. Consequently, a woman with FH for breast cancer has to have knowledge about the possibility of counselling to come into question for information, advice and special surveillance program. The aim of this study was to characterize women at an oncogenetic counselling clinic in terms of socioeconomic status (SES) and to compare these data with population based figures from the same catchment area. Methods: All healthy women who had, once or repeatedly, been visiting the oncogenetic clinic at the Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital / Sodersjukhuset, between April, 1998 - June, 2004 were eligible for study. A total of 307 out of 378 consecutive women consented to participate (81%) in the survey by returning mailed questionnaires. SES data were compared with official data for all women aged 24 -75 year from the same catchment area (n= 277 783 women). Results: See table . Conclusions: Women visiting the oncogenetic counselling clinic were higher educated, more often married and had a better economic situation than comparable women from the same catchment area. These findings indicate that efforts should be elaborated to increase the knowledge about the possibility of genetic counselling among women with FH for breast cancers. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Prevalence of breast cancer risk factors in two different cohorts in relation to health care access and preventive programs in southern Brazil
Authors: Caleffi M. , Bedin A. J. , Zignani J. M. , Artico L. G. , Viegas-Butzke J. M. , Rutta R. , Schmidt A. , Giacomazzi J. , Ashton-Prolla P. , Weber B. 
Published: March 2020

1538 Background: Breast cancer (BC) represents a public issue of great impact also in developing countries as Brazil, where BC incidence and mortality rates are continuosly increasing, the latter probably due to late diagnosis and lack of health care programs.Studies are needed to identified BC risk factors in different groups of women in Porto Alegre (POA), where BC incidence is 3-fold higher than other Brazilian cities. Preliminary analysis are presented to enable specialists to design preventive strategies of breast health care models. Methods: The study included a survey of risk factors of two social economic distinct groups of women over 15 years old with different access to health care programs in POA: 1) Núcleo Mama Porto Alegre (NMPOA): underserved women derived from public health care units, and 2) Núcleo Mama Moinhos (NMHMV): women with private insurance. Results: Data of 785 from NMHMV and 8921 from NMPOA are summarized in the table . Obesity and smokers are more frequent in the underserved population whereas a positive familial history is more common in the NMHMV group. Conclusions: Preliminary results showed significant differences among the two studied population demanding distinct strategies of prevention and management. The total number of 15.000 women will be presented together with reproductive factors and the their Gail model access. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
MRI background enhancement: Its relationship with breast density and breast cancer risk
Authors: Kwong A. , Rosenberg J. , Van den Bosch M. A. , Daniel B. L. , Lo G. , Ikeda D. M. 
Published: March 2020

1539 Background: Increased breast density increases breast cancer risk. MRI breast is increasingly used for imaging as unlike mammography, the sensitivity of MRI breast is not affected by breast density but rather, the amount of background enhancement. It has been suggested that increased background enhancement may be related to the amount of proliferative breast tissue present; hence this may also be related to increased breast cancer risk. To date there have been no study published assessing background enhancement and its relation to breast cancer risk. Method: A retrospective review 45 mammography films and breast MRI scans of 36 patients (9 bilateral) with normal breast imaging was performed and scored independently by 3 radiologists for breast density using BI-RADS criteria. MRI breast density was scored on the non-contrast enhanced T1-weighted series whereas background enhancement was quantified on the first contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fat-suppressed series. Background enhancement was scored as none-minimal, mild, moderate, marked. Weighted kappa was used to assess the inter-modality agreement. A partial approximation to the Gail risk score was calculated from the available risk factors (age, menarche, number of biopsies, births and relatives with breast cancer), using coefficients from a Caucasian population; the resulting values were converted to ranks and was correlated with background enhancement. Result: There was substantial within-reader agreement between mammographic and MRI density (kappa=0.68; p=0.001). There were no correlation between background enhancement and breast density. All 6 patients with background-enhancement were pre-menopausal. Although not statistically significant (p<0.37), it is suggestive that 4 of the 6 (67%) had a history of breast cancer while only 6 of the 13 premenopausal non-enhancers (46%) had cancer. Moreover, the mean of the rank risk for enhancing premenopausal women was 29.5 while the non-enhancing pre-menopausal women was 16.6 (p=0.048 by one-tailed t-test). Conclusion: We found good correlation between mammographic and MRI breast density. There was no correlation between breast density and MRI background enhancement. There is a suggestion that MRI background enhancement may be associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Discriminatory analysis in determination of high risk of gastric cancer
Authors: Terekhova S. A. , Lazarev A. F. , Petrova V. D. , Sinkina T. V. , Selezneva I. A. , Dimitriadi J. N. 
Published: March 2020

1540 Background: Determination of the high risk of gastric cancer and target examination of patients from high-risk groups makes early detection of gastric cancer possible and contributes to the decrease of mortality rates as the outcome of gastric cancer treatment is primarily dependant on the stage of disease. Methods: 700 patients with gastric cancer and 1069 persons without any oncopathology referred to Altay oncological center for consultation in 2002–2004 were interviewed and examined to get the data on different factors known as risk factors for gastric cancer (endogenic, environmental, lifestyle, nutritive factors, results of blood-tests and non-oncological stomach diseases, etc.). Results: By means of discriminatory analysis from 131 investigated factors there were 26 factors distinguished and corresponding coefficients of canonical function of discrimination calculated, on the basis of which the prognosis of gastric cancer development may be ascertained (p<0.001): age, body mass, education, duration of stress, insomnia, extrasleep during daylight hours, family history of gastric cancer, family history of cancer, presence of clinical symptoms, lifetime history of smoking, usage of strong spirits, amount of spirits used per month, regularity of nutrition (eating patterns), time intervals between food intakes, variety of food allowance, usage of food and drinks of high temperature, animal fats, spicy food, canned and preserved food, bakery, strong black tea and coffee, fresh vegetables and fruit, sour milk products, green tea, level of haemoglobin, ESR. Multiplying the interval values of those significant factors and corresponding coefficients of canonical function of discrimination and subsequent summarizing of the results and the constant gives an <<integral rate>>, the positive value of which is the evidence of high risk of gastric cancer either to be developed or already exists. Negative integral rate is the evidence of low risk. Cross check up showed the 95.1% test-sensitivity and 95.0% test-specificity. Conclusions: Thus, the value of the integral rate can be used as a criterion for selection of concrete patients with high risk of gastric cancer to be deeply examined and to be under monitoring for detection of early gastric cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with stage I testicular seminoma treated with adjuvant carboplatin: A comparison of six formulae compared to a radioisotope gold standard
Authors: Cathomas R. , Harle A. , Mead G. M. , von Moos R. , Simmonds P. , Geldart T. R. 
Published: March 2020

15504 Background: Carboplatin (Carbo) is an effective adjuvant treatment for patients (pts) with stage I testicular seminoma. Accurate estimation of GFR is necessary to establish carbo dose. Calculation of GFR following injection of a radiolabelled isotope (e.g. Tc99mDTPA) is considered the gold standard, but may not be readily available in all centres. Calculation of creatinine clearence via 24-h urine collection is often unreliable. The aim of this study was to assess different formulae for GFR calculation in this patient population. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients with stage I seminoma treated with adjuvant carbo in Southampton between 1999 and 2005. All patients underwent GFR measurement with Tc99mDTPA and this was compared with six standard formulae for the calculation of GFR based on serum creatinine. Bias was quantified by Mean Percentage Error (MPE %) and precision by Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE%). Tc99mDTPA GFR was not corrected for body surface area (BSA). Results: 202 Caucasian male pts were included (mean age 40 yrs; mean Tc99mDTPA GFR 123ml/min). Results are illustrated in Table 1 . Conclusions: In general, formulae underestimate GFR leading to significant decreases in carbo dose. The Cockcroft-Gault and Martin formulae were most accurate in this cohort of pts. Formulae developed for use in pts with chronic kidney disease (MDRD), elderly cancer patients (Wright) or which correct for BSA (Jelliffe, MDRD, Mayo), greatly underestimate GFR and should not be used in this setting. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.