bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale Formation on Na4Mn9O18 Insertion Electrodes in Electrochemical Deionization
Authors: Zhang Yueheng , Shanbhag Sneha , Mauter Meagan , Whitacre Jay 
Published: February 2020

Several sodium insertion materials have been used as cathode materials in electrochemical deionization. [1][2][3][4]In this work, we evaluate the performance of sodium manganese oxide (Na4Mn9O18/ NMO), a layered insertion compound in separating sodium ions from a mixed cation (Na+/Ca2+) system (figure1). We observe that the specific capacity of a composite Na4Mn9O18/C electrode in 1M NaCl solution is 54 mAh/g, and is reduced to 23 mAh/g in 0.2 M CaCl2+ 1 M NaCl. We also observe that the capacity is not fully recovered when the electrode cycled in mixed ion solution is electrochemically cycled again in 1M NaCl. The X-ray diffractograms of the electrodes cycled in the mixed ion solutions reveals that in addition to the Na4Mn9O18 phase there is a second phase comprising primarily of calcite CaCO3. The presence of calcite on the NMO electrode is confirmed using SEM/EDX and XPS. It is expected that calcite is formed during the oxidation of carbon particles in close contact with NMO particles in the composite electrodes, and the capacity loss occurs due to the calcite layers that hinder ion transport to the NMO particles. [5]
Reference
[1] M.E. Suss, V. Presser, Water Desalination with Energy Storage Electrode Materials, Joule. 2 (2018) 25–35. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2017.12.010.
[2] S. Shanbhag, Y. Bootwala, J.F. Whitacre, M.S. Mauter, Ion Transport and Competition Effects on NaTi2(PO4)3and Na4Mn9O18Selective Insertion Electrode Performance, Langmuir. 33 (2017) 12580–12591. doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02861.
[3] J.F. Whitacre, A. Tevar, S. Sharma, Na4Mn9O18as a positive electrode material for an aqueous electrolyte sodium-ion energy storage device, Electrochem. Commun. 12 (2010) 463–466. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2010.01.020.
[4] F. Sauvage, L. Laffont, J.M. Tarascon, E. Baudrin, Study of the insertion/deinsertion mechanism of sodium into Na 0.44MnO2, Inorg. Chem. 46 (2007) 3289–3294. doi:10.1021/ic0700250.
[5] C. Zhang, D. He, J. Ma, W. Tang, T.D. Waite, Faradaic reactions in capacitive deionization (CDI) - problems and possibilities: A review, Water Res. 128 (2018) 314–330. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.024.

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Synthesis of Cobalt Selenide Thin Films and Their Electrocatalytic Properties in Water Splitting Process
Authors: Kwiecińska Anna Maria , Kutyla Dawid , Kolczyk Karolina , Skibinska Katarzyna , Zabinski Piotr , Kowalik Remigiusz 
Published: February 2020

Chalcogens of transition metals thin films may be a cheapest and well-efficient replacement for the noble metals in various chemical and electrochemical processes. This paper presents the results work on the electrochemical deposition of Co-Se coatings from aqueous acidic solutions. Co-Se coatings were obtained by the potentiostatic method on a copper substrate. The elemental composition was determined with the XRF method. Crystallographic structure was investigated according to XRD measurements. The influence of applied potential and concentration of electroactive species on the composition and the quality of the obtained coatings was determined. Additionally, the CV's and chronopotentiometric measurements were used to examine the catalytic activity of different Co-Se alloys in water splitting process.
This work was supported by the Polish National Center of Science under grant 2016/21/B/ST8/00431
Annealing Studies of RF Sputtered CuGaO2 Thin Films
Authors: Saikumar Ashwin Kumar , Sundaram Kalpathy B. 
Published: February 2020

Research conducted in the field of transparent conducting oxide films have been focused majorly on the N type transparent conducting oxide films like ZnO, ITO, etc. P-type transparent conducting oxide films have been studied comparatively lesser. More and more research are being done on P-type transparent conducting oxide films to progress in the field of transparent p-n junction devices.
For this work, CuGaO2 (50:50 of Cu2O: Ga2O3) thin films was RF sputter deposited onto glass slides and quartz slides in the presence of oxygen. Deposition and optical transmission studies were performed on these annealed thin films. Subsequently the sputtered samples were systematically annealed at different temperature in different ambient conditions. Optical transmission studies were performed on these annealed CuGaO2 thin films.
Optical Studies of RF Sputtered CuInO2 Thin Films
Authors: Skaria Giji , Saikumar Ashwin Kumar , Nehate Shraddha Dhanraj , Sundaram Kalpathy B. 
Published: February 2020

N type transparent conducting oxide semiconductors have been researched extensively in the past. P-type transparent semiconductors have been comparatively researched lesser. In order to advance in the field of transparent p-n junction devices, more and more researches are being done on p-type transparent semiconductors. CuInO2 is one of the p-type transparent semiconductor that has the prospects of being used extensively in transparent p-n junction devices.
CuInO2 (50:50 of Cu2O: In2O3) thin films were RF sputter deposited onto glass slides. Optical transmission studies were performed on these thin films to extract the band gap. The deposition studies were also performed. The sputtered films were subsequently post annealed in different temperatures and different ambient conditions and their respective optical transmissions were recorded.
Novel Synthesis of [2,3] Naphthaloporphyrins
Authors: Kumar Siddhartha , Webre Whitney , Stewart Courtney , D'Souza Francis , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2020

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as tetracene, pentacene and their derivatives have been of immense interest to chemists because of their unique electronic properties such as high charge mobility and semiconductor like properties. Derivatives of various acenes have been used to fabricate OFET devices. Appending such acene moieties to porphyrin molecules at the 2,3 C-C bond of the porphyrin molecule gives rise to pi-extended acenes. The absorbance of such acenes are red-shifted compared to the parent porphyrins because of extended conjugation. Devices containing porphyrin based acenes should also be modulated by light in addition to an electrical impulses, which should help in areas such as signal processing.
One of the main problems faced by chemists is to synthesize diversely functionalized [2,3] naphthaloporphyrins, which in turn could be further functionalized to give higher acenes. Towards this goal we introduce a new method to synthesize [2,3] naphthaloporphyrins and their push pull derivatives.

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Development of Adsorptive Membrane for Removal and Reclamation of Chromium from Tannery Wastewater
Authors: Hussain Fayyaz Salih 
Published: February 2020

Municipal, business and agricultural activities can generate pollution, which is highly risk to health and may drive serious pollutants to soil, air and water environments if not captured or neutralized before released to the surroundings. Access to the clean water is a global problem for all living organism to sustain their healthy life. Less than 1% of the world’s fresh water is available for human consumptions. Huge quantity of fresh water is consuming in domestic, industrial and agricultural sector i.e 8, 22 and 72% respectively as a result large amount of wastewater contains enormous number of contaminants are dumping religiously into fresh water bodies. The important types of aquatic contaminants are dyes and toxic metal pollutants, which once entered in water and make unsuitable for desired use. Chromium enters environment through mining, various industrial processes and certain geological processes. Its removal is crucial to save plants and aquatic life. Due to its toxic and carcinogenic nature efficient removal technologies and materials are continuously investigated, these techniques are based on distillation or evaporation, coagulation, precipitation, electrolysis, ion change and adsorption. Adsorbents based totally on petro-derived artificial polymers, agri-wastes, fly ashes, and mineral-based total zeolites and goethites also are getting used for removal of chromium. Keratins, predominantly found in wool, human hair and nails, horns and feathers, are cysteine-rich proteins with sturdy mechanical residences, thermal sturdiness and resistance to physicochemical degradation.
The aim of this work is to synthesize and characterize a sponge from waste generated form tannery industry (wool) to remove and reclaim chromium. Keratin solution was extracted by using L-Cysteine, Urea under basic condition this solution was dialyzed, lyophilized and crossed linked to form a sponge, the sponge was characterized by using SDS-PAGE, FTIR, SEM, BET, CHNS. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy is used for adsorption and removal of chromium at concentration 100mg/L. Spongy adsorbent prepared from waste material (leather wool) was successfully prepared and showed tremendous potential for removal of chromium from industrial wastewaters.
New Analytical Method to Reveal the Adhesion Properties in the Composite Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Yong Min , Byun Seoungwoo , Roh Youngjoon , Jin Dahee , Ryou Myung-Hyun 
Published: February 2020

Adhesion properties such as adhesion strength within the composite electrodes are receiving considerable attention as their loading levels increase ceaselessly for higher energy density. Without controlling those properties appropriately within the electrode, not only short-term electrochemical performance but also long-term reliability cannot be secured. To address this limitation, a new analysis tool, surface and interfacial cutting analysis system (SAICAS), has been developed and utilized to investigate the adhesion properties of the composite electrodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Comparing to the conventional peel test, the SAICAS can provide the horizontal force during peeling process at any depths in the composite electrode. So, those horizontal forces have some relationship with the real adhesion strength.
In this work, we will introduce the measuring principles and applications of the SAICAS for the composite electrodes of LIBs. With a number of composite electrodes having different compositions and design parameters (loading and density), we confirm that the SAICAS can provide reliable adhesion strengths in the bulk as well as at the interface. Moreover, with the adhesion strengths at different depths, the polymeric distribution within the electrode can be estimated directly and efficiently without conducting complex and time-consuming post analysis works.
Rapid 3D Imaging for Quality Assurance of Li-Ion Materials Using Lab-Based X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Heenan Thomas M. M. , Leach Andrew , Tan Chun , Jervis Rhodri , Brett Daniel J.L. , Shearing Paul R. 
Published: February 2020

In an effort to reduce the amount of cobalt within lithium-ion batteries (Li-ions), which is both expensive and toxic, many fabrication efforts are moving towards variations of nickel-rich materials such as nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide: LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) and LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622). However, these materials have several shortfalls which are currently not well understood [1, 2]. Therefore in order to reduce cobalt content while maintaining competitive performance these materials must the examined in great detail, often requiring complex, multi-dimensional studies [3].
X-ray computed tomography (CT) has revolutionised the field of materials characterisation in recent years through the ability to produce reconstructions of 3D microstructures without destruction of the sample [4]. Alas, until recently, X-ray CT methods have depended upon highly specialised synchrotron facilities which have limited availability, restricting the throughput of material that can be analysed. Nevertheless, developments in lab-based devices has produced instruments capable of comparable resolutions to their synchrotron counterparts [5].
Although the 3D volume produced from cutting-edge lab and synchrotron instruments are now comparable, the high-brilliance, tuneable radiation from a synchrotron source results in scan times that are orders of magnitude faster than those achieved within the lab. Due to the higher availability of lab-based instruments, long scan-times are typically not problematic; however, an instance where this does become an issue is in quality assurance (QA) for the screening of materials during fabrication. Therefore author’s objective was to develop a method capable of producing 3D images from electrode materials with voxel sizes in the hundreds of nanometres or smaller, while reducing the acquisition time by an order of magnitude, from hours to minuets.
This presentation will discuss how to obtain a 3D tomogram from Li-ion materials in minuets using only lab-based instruments; the possible applications of such a technique: from fundamental research to industrial QA; and, the expected implications on the Li-ion field.

Jung, R., et al., 2018. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 165(2), pp.A132-A141.

Hwang, S., et al., 2016. APL Materials, 4(9), p.096105.

Finegan, D.P., et al., 2016. Advanced Science, 3(3), p.1500332.

Shearing, P.R., et al., 2010. Electrochemistry communications, 12(3), pp.374-377.

Heenan, T.M.M., et al., 2018. Nano Energy, 47, pp.556-565.

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(Invited) Colloidal and Processing Science Characterization for Battery Systems
Authors: Armstrong Beth 
Published: February 2020

Colloidal and processing science characterization techniques provide a valuable approach to the synthesis & processing of battery electrodes. The use of tools such as zeta potential & rheology paired with other spectroscopy techniques allows for a systematic development of slurry-based electrode fabrication. These techniques will be presented as they apply to the understanding and optimization of an aqueous, Si-based anode system. The effect of particle size, surface charge, and the selection of additives and processing aids on the rheological behavior will be discussed. In addition, the use of spectroscopy methods, such as FTIR and RAMAN, to further elucidate the understanding of the Si surface during processing will be considered.
This research was conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-publicaccess-plan). The work was supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office, Hybrid Electric Systems Program, Battery R&D, Brian Cunningham (Technology Manager), at the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.
Surface Characterization of Battery Electrode/Electrolyte Materials Using XPS and Tof-SIMS
Authors: Harrison Elisa T , Peczonczyk Sabrina L , Sharafi Asma , Wujcik Kevin H , Drews Andy , Simko Steven 
Published: February 2020

With a drive to develop hybrid electric and electric vehicles for improving fuel economy and lowering emissions, research of battery materials becomes necessary to increase the performance and durability of automotive batteries. Therefore, significant improvements in the energy capacity, stability, and safety of automotive batteries must be achieved. For the last two decades, traditional methods to characterize battery materials and interfaces have focused on the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the battery. There has been less emphasis on understanding chemical properties of the surface of the electrode and the chemistry that occurs at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Moving forward to develop new battery systems, gaining an understanding of the surface chemistry of battery materials is critical to improving performance.
The objective of this work is to highlight the need for surface analytical techniques and methodologies to fully characterize and improve battery materials. In this work, the surface chemistry of electrodes and electrolytes were analyzed using both X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). These are powerful tools to identify slight changes to the surface chemistry of battery materials with respect to factors such as electrode and electrolyte formulation, cycling conditions, air exposure, contamination, and sample replication.
Kerr Gated Raman Spectroscopy to Investigate Lithium-Ion Battery Interfaces
Authors: Hardwick Laurence J. , Cabo-Fernandez Laura , Kostecki Robert , Sazanovich Igor 
Published: February 2020

Fluorescent species are formed during cycling of lithium ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition due to the instability of the non-aqueous electrolytes and side reactions that occur at the electrode surface. The increase in the background fluorescence due to the presence of these components makes it harder to analyse data due to the spectroscopic overlap of Raman scattering and fluorescence. In this talk we will demonstrate that Kerr gate Raman is an effective technique for the isolation of the scattering effect from the fluorescence enabling the collection of the Raman spectra of Li-ion electrolyte materials, without the interference of the fluorescence component.
In particular we will present proof-of-concept experiments that the background fluorescence emission in the scattering spectrum of LiPF6 as salt and in the conventional battery electrolyte with ethylene carbonate: dimethyl carbonate solvents can be minimised or suppress by Kerr gated Raman. It was possible to detect degradation products resulting from the decomposition of LiPF6, which has not previously been observed by Raman scattering due to the fluorescence emission. It was also possible to investigate the reactivity of LiPF6 against decomposition in the electrolyte is slower than as with the pure salt.
(Invited) Thermoelectric properties of Fermi-level tuned and Aligned Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Yanagi Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2020

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are one-dimensional materials with sharp van Hove singularities. Preparation of SWCNTs with a selected electronic structure, fabrication of their aligned thin films[1] and tuning their Fermi level allow us to reveal unique phenomena, which cannot be observed or correctly understood in conventional SWCNT random network thin films. For example, we observed anomalously large optical absorption for perpendicular polarization to the tube axis in highly doped aligned SWCNTs, which is related to intersubband transition plasmon phenomena in SWCNTs.[2] Here in this talk, we would like to discuss the thermoelectric phenomena in fermi level tuned and aligned SWCNTs.
In our society, a large amount of heat at relatively low temperature, which is emitted from factories, houses, human bodies, and so on, is left unused. Development of high-performance flexible thermoelectric devices is crucial to efficiently convert such unused waste heat into electric power. Understanding of relationships between electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity in thin films of flexible materials and tuning of these parameters is crucial to improve the performance. Since the seminal study by Hicks and Dresselhaus,[3] the thermoelectric properties of low dimensional materials have been intensively studied, but it still has been of great importance to experimentally clarify how the one dimensional electronic structures can influence and enhance its thermoelectric properties, although there are several important theoretical predictions for enhancement of thermoelectric properties in one-dimensional electronic systems.[3,4] SWCNTs are a model of one-dimensional flexible materials, and will play important roles for realization of high-performance flexible thermoelectric devices.
Previously, we revealed how the location of Fermi-level influences the thermoelectric properties of semiconducting SWCNTs with diameter of 1.4 nm using electrolyte gating approaches.[5] However, in the previous study, the purity of chirality was not enough to clarify the intrinsic characteristics of semiconducting SWCNTs. In this talk, we will discuss the relationships between electronic structures, Fermi-level and thermoelectric properties using single chirality SWCNTs. In addition, we will discuss how the thermoelectric properties and conductivities exhibit isotropic or an-isotropic properties in aligned SWCNT thin films.[6]
Acknowledgment: K.Y. acknowledges support by JST CREST through Grant Number JPMJCR17I5, Japan
(Invited) Biomedical Applications of Metal Nanoparticle-Decorated Carbon Nanostructures
Authors: Star Alexander 
Published: February 2020

Carbon nanotubes and graphene are highly sensitive to changes in the local chemical environment and serve as an ideal platform for the fabrication of label-free nanoelectronic sensors. We recently employed a series of metal nanoparticle functionalized carbon nanotube devices as cross-sensitive sensor arrays, demonstrating electronic “tongue” functions and ability to analyze different cell types. By combining analysis of sensor device characteristics with supervised machine learning algorithms, we have successfully discriminated among different analytes and accurately discerned the presence of specific analytes in the complex mixtures.
Carbon nanostructures can also be used as nano-carriers for applications in medical therapeutics. To this end, we developed cup-shaped carbon nanostructures, which have an elliptical hollow space that can be corked by gold nanoparticles at the opening. To illustrate the potential of corked nanocups as drug delivery systems, loading with common fluorescent dyes, as well as chemotherapeutic drugs, was performed. By using Raman spectroscopy, we were able to demonstrate the loading and release of the cargo in biochemical model systems and tumor-associated cells. We recently demonstrated in vivo systemic nanodelivery of paclitaxel loaded gold nanoparticle-corked nanocups inhibited melanoma growth in mice with 25-30% of treated animals being tumor free after 2-3 weeks.

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