bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Performance of MGNREGA in Karnataka
Authors: Harish N 
Published: January 2020

Unemployment, poverty, and inequality are related phenomena. Any success in solving one of these troubles would suggest some success in fixing the other. ‘Poverty and unemployment are two sides of the same coin when we are going to solve one problem in society, 2nd has been taken care of that. The poverty and unemployment at the existing state of affairs are the most extreme problems of the Indian economy’. The Government’s policy and programs have emphasized poverty alleviation, generation of employment and earnings opportunities, and provision of infrastructure and basic services to meet the wishes of rural poor. For realizing these objectives, self-employment and wage employment programs continued to grant in one structure or another. As a measure to strengthen the grass-root stage democracy. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) is an Indian job warranty scheme, enacted via regulation on August 25, 2005, and renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on 2nd October 2009 includes things to do below nine special heads to furnish employment to village communities and enhance their livelihoods. On February 2, 2006, amidst outstanding hype and hope, the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) came into force in 200 of India’s backward districts. In 2007, it was extended to cowl some other 130 districts and two with effect from April 1, two 2008 the two Act is two covering all rural India.
GST: It’s Impact on Common Man in India
Authors: Ranjan Dey Amar 
Published: January 2020

After Independence, Goods and Service Tax (GST) would be a very significant and giant indirect tax structure reforms in the country. It is designed to support and enhance the economic growth of the country. It is a comprehensive tax that will integrate all indirect taxes of states and central governments and the unified economy into a seamless national market. Because of its transparent and self-policing character, it would be easier to administer. According to me, it is expected to iron out wrinkles of the existing indirect tax system and play a vital role in a country’s growth. By amalgamating a large number of Central and State indirect taxes, it would mitigate cascading effect or double taxation in a major way and pave the way for a common national market. So, from a common man or consumer point of view, the biggest advantage would be in terms of reduction in the overall tax burden on goods, which was estimated to be around 25%-30% before the implementation of GST. This paper highlights the concept of GST and its impact on the common man.
Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, its Antecedents and Outcome: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Easo Kuruvila , Balaji M S , Anbazhagan B 
Published: January 2020

Organizational Performance is essential for efficiency and for achieving organizational objectives. Organizational Citizenship Behaviour is essential for obtaining the best Organizational Performance. With this view, this article tries to find out the linkage between the OCB, its antecedents, and its outcome. The HRM practices implemented by the organization are taken as the determinants. The job performance of employees is considered as the outcome of OCB.
Les écoles d’officiers de la marine marchande dans la tourmente : une crise de reproduction dans un contexte de « démocratisation scolaire »
Authors: Charles Frédéric , Grövel Angèle 
Published: January 2020

Cet article propose d’étudier les transformations du recrutement social des élèves des écoles d’officiers dans la Marine Marchande entre 1965 et 2011. Au regard des mutations de l’emploi et de la formation maritimes ainsi que des évolutions d’accès à l’enseignement secondaire et supérieur, il s’agit précisément d’examiner comment les profils sociodémographiques des futurs navigants ont évolué vers une ouverture ou au contraire une fermeture sociale du recrutement au sein de ces écoles d’officiers. La comparaison de deux enquêtes par questionnaire auprès des inscrits en formation, l’une réalisée en 1982 (Paradeise, 1985) et l’autre en 2008 (Grövel, 2013) constitue le principal matériel mobilisé.
La notion d’âge chez des enfants présentant un trouble du développement intellectuel
Authors: Viné Vallin Valérie , Jamet Frank , Roumieux Isabel 
Published: January 2020

Nous présentons une étude sur le développement cognitif de la notion d’âge chez des enfants âgées de 6 à 12 ans présentant une déficience intellectuelle (TDI). Les acquisitions de ces sujets seront mises en parallèle avec celles de sujets « tout venant » (NTDI). Plusieurs questions se posent : suivent-elles les mêmes étapes de développement ? Se font-elles de manière synchrone ou existe-t-il un écart ? Est-ce que les mécanismes identifiés par Jamet, Es-Saïdi et Ducret (2010) se retrouvent chez ces enfants TDI ? 144 élèves d’ULIS (Unité Locale d’Inclusion Scolaire) sont interrogés en utilisant le questionnaire de Jamet et al . (2010). Les résultats attestent que la notion d’âge résulte dans les deux cas d’un processus développemental. Cependant, il se construit plus lentement chez les enfants TDI. Le modèle de Jamet et al. (2010) rend compte des performances pour 80,7 % des cas TDI. Mais cette population présente un modèle de réponse inexistant chez les élèves NTDI. Des médiations pédagogiques sont proposées suite à ces résultats.
L’Europe se vend aux plus offrants
Authors: Brillaud Laure 
Published: January 2020

Seize États membres de l’Union européenne participent à un marché de passeports et de visas « dorés » s’étendant souvent à la citoyenneté. Tout est douteux dans ces transactions qui favorisent en outre la corruption d’agents des États. Mais surtout, ces opérations éloignent les États européens des principes d’une politique migratoire commune, et interrogent le sens d’une citoyenneté européenne mise à mal par le pouvoir de l’argent.
(Sur-) vies calaisiennes
Authors: Robert Mathilde 
Published: January 2020

Aider les exilés à Calais et s’y engager à plein temps, c’est se retrouver face à une réalité contrastée. C’est être témoin de l’horreur policière, mais aussi de l’intense vitalité qu’expriment les diverses communautés qui se reconstituent après chaque agressio subie, reliées les unes aux autres par des pratiques imposées pour la survie du quotidien. Du « bricolage linguistique » à la mémoire entretenue de la « jungle life », les exilés de Calais partagent une expérience des limites.
Un café entre ici et là-bas
Authors: Labidi Moncef , Lévy-Vroelant Claire 
Published: January 2020

En 2003, l’association Ayyem Zamen, qui se mobilise auprès de personnes migrantes vieillissantes en situation de précarité économique ou de fragilité sociale, ouvre le premier Café Social dans un quartier populaire parisien. Moncef Labidi, son fondateur et directeur pendant 16 ans, revient sur la création de ce lieu, sur le lancement des « domiciles partagés » et sur les combats portés par l’association.
Du « fansubbing » à « l’ubérisation » du sous-titrage : impact du numérique sur le marché français de la traduction audiovisuelle
Authors: Marignan Marylin 
Published: January 2020

Au tournant des années 2010, l’émergence de pratiques d’amateurs dans le domaine de la traduction a entraîné une sévère dégradation du métier de traducteur/adaptateur professionnel du sous-titrage. En effet, le développement du « fansubbing » (regroupement de fans sous-titrant de manière bénévole et illégalement des épisodes de séries télévisées étrangères, pour les rendre accessibles, via Internet, dès le lendemain de leur diffusion) a fortement modifié les attentes des spectateurs. Pour répondre aux nouvelles exigences de ces derniers, plusieurs chaînes de télévision françaises proposent désormais des séries en « US+24 » (dès le lendemain de leur diffusion aux États-Unis) obligeant les traducteurs professionnels à travailler dans de nouvelles conditions. En outre, les méthodes pratiquées par certains grands studios américains qui s’organisent pour faire sous-titrer leurs séries par des étudiants peu formés et sous-payés nuisent grandement à la qualité du sous-titrage et à la réception des œuvres. Enfin, depuis la mise en place en 2016 par Arte du « sous-titrage collaboratif » et du lancement par la plateforme américaine de VOD Netflix d’un site permettant de tester à distance les compétences des traducteurs (professionnels ou non), la frontière entre la sphère professionnelle et la sphère des amateurs semble de plus en plus floue.
Professionnalisation des modes de diffusion sur YouTube : pour une exploration des outils de mise en ligne
Authors: Cauche Robin 
Published: January 2020

Une large proportion des vidéos diffusées sur YouTube rapporte aujourd’hui de l’argent, non seulement à la firme californienne, mais à leurs créateurs, qu’il s’agisse de sociétés de production professionnelles ou d’amateurs plus ou moins éclairés. Que peuvent nous apprendre les outils fournis par le site, non seulement sur leurs utilisateurs, mais aussi, directement, sur YouTube ? En d’autres termes, comment la plate-forme d’hébergement pense-t-elle la production audiovisuelle à travers diverses modalités, plus ou moins « professionnelles », de la diffusion vidéo en ligne ? Constatant la pluralité des usages de YouTube, eu égard à ce critère technique, nous observerons les outils proposés par le site dans son Creator Studio, afin d’envisager l’influence des systèmes techniques sur les usages – et vice-versa.
Oral and maxillofacial surgery and dental rehabilitation under sedation and general anesthesia
Authors: Yilmaz Utku Nezih 
Published: January 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze dental procedures performed under general anesthesia (GA) or deep sedation at Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from May 2013 to May 2018.
Methodology: This study included 182 patients treated under GA and sedation from May 2013 to May 2018. The records of these cases were reviewed retrospectively in terms of patient demographic characteristics, medical history, dental procedures, and treatment duration. Children and adults were compared in terms of general anesthesia (GA) and deep sedation (SD).
Results: Of 182 patients (age range: 1–61 years), 63 were had an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) status of I (completely healthy) and 119 were of ASA II status (mild systemic disease). A total of 143 patients (60 children and 83 adults) underwent GA, while 39 patients (18 children and 21 adults) underwent deep sedation. The mean duration of the procedures performed under GA and deep sedation was 75 and 40 min, respectively. Following the procedure, 103 patients were discharged on the same day, whereas 78 patients required postoperative care and were discharged on the following day. The rnumber of patients exposed to GA and SD were 143 and 39, respectively. The number of child patients exposed to GA waas 60, while that of adults was 83.
Conclusions: The frequency of dental rehabilitation under GA or sedation is increasing. Patients who cannot undergo dental procedures under local anesthesia can be treated under preferably GA, as long as the indications, patient characteristics, and anesthesia plan are carefully considered. Data suggest that adults are more suitable for GA than children. However, due to the risks associated with GA, anesthetic procedures should only be performed by experienced anesthetists under operating room conditions.

How to cite this article: Yılmaz UN. Oral and maxillofacial surgery and dental rehabilitation under sedation and general anesthesia. Int Dent Res 2019;9(3):111-8.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Protective effect of Melatonin and Ganoderma lucidum against the negative effects of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields in the periodontal tissues
Authors: Gül Mehmet , Yavaş Mehmet Cihan , Dündar Serkan 
Published: January 2020

Aim:The purpose of this study was to determine whether extremely low frequency electric and magnetic field (ELF-EMF) had any detrimental effects on periodontal tissue and to investigate, histologically and immunohistochemically whether melatonin (MLT) and Ganoderma lucidum (GL) had a protective role against these detrimental effects.
Methodology:A total of 56 adults, male Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. Rats were divided into 7 equal groups and exposed to ELF-EMF, which was produced by a high voltage source, 8 hours / day for 26 days. GL (20 mg / kg / day) and MLT (10 mg / kg / day) were administered by the oral gavage and intraperitoneal method.
Results: Fibrous degeneration in the periodontal membrane, inflammatory cell infiltration, connective tissue fiber organization, dilation, and hemorrhage in the blood vessels changes were determined in the periodontal tissue of the rats in groups I and IV. A statistically significant difference was determined in the groups treated with MLT and GL (p<0.05).
Conclusions: It has been determined that ELF-EMF exposure causes histological changes in the periodontal tissue of rats and that MLT and GL may protect against these effects.

How to cite this article: Gül M, Yavaş MC, Dündar S. Protective effect of Melatonin and Ganoderma lucidum against the negative effects of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields in the periodontal tissues. Int Dent Res 2019;9(3):119-26.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
The maxillary expansion procedures, the types, and the root resorption analysis methods
Authors: Topal Refika , Gündüz Arslan Seher 
Published: January 2020

Transversal constriction of the maxilla is a common problem and may occur due to many reasons.The maxillary expansion procedures can be classified as rapid maxillary expansion (RME), semi-rapid maxillary expansion (SRME), and slow maxillary expansion (SME). In orthodontic treatment prosodure, it has been evaluated that it causes root resorption especially in the support teeth in many apparatus used for orthodontic treatment and in the expansion apparatus used in the treatment of transverse direction of maxilla. In this review, we aimed to evaluate maxiller expansion protocols and the methods of examining resorption in support teeth.

How to cite this article: Topal R, Gündüz Arslan S. The maxillary expansion procedures, the types, and the root resorption analysis methods. Int Dent Res 2019;9(3):145-51.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Analysis of Effectiveness of Amnesty Program as a Response Tool in Containment of the Impact of “Cult Related” Activities in Niger Delta Region
Authors: Nwaogu Ngozi Rodney , Weli Vincent , Mbee Mbee Daniel 
Published: January 2020

Background of Study: Cult related activities such as inter and intra cult clashes have been prevalent in communities in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. The clashes which are violent in nature are carried out by youths who belong to one cult group or the other. The clashes occur when members of a cult group attack members of another or other cult groups or invade a community in order to take control of an area and the proceeds accruing from crude oil exploitation and exploration by multi- national oil companies. Among the major cult groups perpetrating the violent acts include Deybam, Deywell, Iceland and Greenland. Due to the violent clashes many lives have been lost, properties destroyed, women raped, residents displaced, houses burnt and residents kidnapped/abducted. These affected socio-economic activities and livelihood means of the people.
Materials and Methods: This research analyzes the effectiveness of amnesty program as a response tool in mitigating cult related activities in Niger Delta region. Specifically, the study examines the magnitude of cult impact, relationship between frequency of cult attacks and fatalities, and examines the impact of cult activities before and after the amnesty. Adopting Cross- sectional research resign and using data chiefly collected from Nigerian Police, a total of 36 communities were purposively selected from 2 States in Niger Delta where amnesty was offered in 2016. The data were subjected to Pearson’s correlation and T-test statistical analysis.
Results: Pearson’s correlation showed that there was a positive significant relationship between cult attacks and fatalities over a ten year period, with r = 0.83 at 99% probability level. The Student’s t-test showed a statistically significant difference on cult attacks before and after amnesty with t-cal of 2.55> t-tab of 2.01 at 95% probability level. The t-test also showed a statistically significant difference on cult fatalities before and after amnesty with t-cal of 2.41> t- tab of 2.01 at 95% probability level. Findings further revealed that mean values of cult attacks (3.20) and fatalities (2.70) after the amnesty were greater than mean values of cult attacks (2.13) and fatalities (1.37) before the amnesty.
Conclusion: This showed that despite the amnesty, cult impact was still high in the study area and it was concluded that administration of amnesty is not an effective response tool to mitigation and containment of cult related activities in Niger Delta region, owing to its poor implementation and the desire to join cult groups by many youths who felt that joining the cult group will accord them protection and power over others. It is recommended that government should involve the local communities in designing an intervention program for youths.
Stability Analysis in a Mathematical Model of Corruption in Kenya
Authors: Nathan O. M. , Jackob K. O. 
Published: January 2020

The term corruption refers to the process that involves the abuse of a public trust or office for some private benet. Corruption becomes a threat to national development and growth especially when there is no political will to fight it. Prevention and disengagement initiatives are part of EACC strategies used to fight corruption. Prevention strategies aim to stop or discourage citizens from engaging in corruption. Disengagement strategies attempt to reform corrupt individuals and to reclaim the stolen resources back to the public kitty. We describe prevention and disengagement strategies mathematically using an epidemiological compartment model. The prevention and disengagement strategies are modeled using model parameters. The population at risk of adopting corrupt ideology was divided into three compartments: S(t) is the susceptible class, C(t) is the Corrupted class, and M(t) is the corrupt political/sympathersizer class. The model exhibits a threshold dynamics characterised by the basic reproduction number R0. When R0 < 1 the system has a unique equilibrium point that is asymptotically stable. For R0 > 1, the system has additional equilibrium point known as endemic, which is globally asymptotically stable. These results are established by applying lyapunov functions and the LaSalles invariance principle. Based on our model we assess strategies to counter corruption vice.
Increased muscle tone and contracture late after ischemic stroke
Authors: Persson Carina U. , Holmegaard Lukas , Redfors Petra , Jern Christina , Blomstrand Christian , Jood Katarina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSystematic studies on increased muscle tone and spasticity late after ischemic stroke, without any selection, are limited. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of increased muscle tone, classical spasticity and contracture and predictors of increased muscle tone seven years after stroke.MethodsConsecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke <70 years of age (n = 411) were recruited to the Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke. Symptoms at index stroke were assessed using the Scandinavian Stroke Scale. Seven years after stroke, survivors (n = 358) were invited for follow‐up assessments, of whom 292 agreed to participate and 288 contributed data. Muscle tone according to the Modified Ashworth scale, classical spasticity, and contracture was assessed by a neurologist. The associations between increased muscle tone and characteristics at index stroke and recurrent strokes during follow‐up were investigated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsIncreased muscle tone was recognized in 99 participants (34%): 94 (33%) in the upper limbs, and 72 (25%) in the lower limbs. Classical spasticity was found in 51 participants (18%) and contracture in 26 (9%). Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.06]), arm paresis (OR 1.76 [95% CI 1.40–2.2]), aphasia (OR 1.68 [95% CI 1.12–2.51]), and facial palsy (OR 2.12 [95% CI 1.10–4.07]) were independent predictors of increased muscle tone.ConclusionsOne‐third of patients with ischemic stroke before 70 years of age showed increased muscle tone at 7‐year follow‐up. Half of them also had classical spasticity. Age, arm paresis, aphasia, and facial palsy at index stroke were predictors of increased muscle tone poststroke.
FOLFOX treatment response prediction in metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer patients via machine learning algorithms
Authors: Lu Wei , Fu Dongliang , Kong Xiangxing , Huang Zhiheng , Hwang Maxwell , Zhu Yingshuang , Chen Liubo , Jiang Kai , Li Xinlin , Wu Yihua , Li Jun , Yuan Ying , Ding Kefeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEarly identification of metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who will be sensitive to FOLFOX (5‐FU, leucovorin and oxaliplatin) therapy is very important. We performed microarray meta‐analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between FOLFOX responders and nonresponders in metastatic or recurrent CRC patients, and found that the expression levels of WASHC4, HELZ, ERN1, RPS6KB1, and APPBP2 were downregulated, while the expression levels of IRF7, EML3, LYPLA2, DRAP1, RNH1, PKP3, TSPAN17, LSS, MLKL, PPP1R7, GCDH, C19ORF24, and CCDC124 were upregulated in FOLFOX responders compared with nonresponders. Subsequent functional annotation showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in autophagy, ErbB signaling pathway, mitophagy, endocytosis, FoxO signaling pathway, apoptosis, and antifolate resistance pathways. Based on those candidate genes, several machine learning algorithms were applied to the training set, then performances of models were assessed via the cross validation method. Candidate models with the best tuning parameters were applied to the test set and the final model showed satisfactory performance. In addition, we also reported that MLKL and CCDC124 gene expression were independent prognostic factors for metastatic CRC patients undergoing FOLFOX therapy.