bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging and eco-friendly approaches for waste management: a book review
Authors: Singh Anil Kumar , Raj Abhay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractApart from fulfilling the demand of society, the industrial sector, including paper, tannery, distillery, and textile, plays an essential role in manufacturing of the products while, such all still emitting hazardous contaminants to the environment during manufacturing operation. Significant contaminants, including PAHs, EDCs, Dyes, and POPs, are the primary ingredients of wastewater and sludge emitted from such industries. Such contaminants seem to have a carcinogenic, cytotoxic, and mutagenic toxicity endpoints. As a consequence, the long-term presence of such contaminants has led to severe environmental and human impacts. Therefore, it is necessary to tackle such issues to clean-up contaminants and to ensure environmental protection by reducing the toxicity of such contaminants. Here we review the book “Emerging and Eco-Friendly Approaches for Waste Management” for addressing waste management techniques in an eco-friendly manner. In this collection, different approaches, including specific unique plant-based methods for bioremediation, endophytes, and a specific number of micro-organisms, have been reported for decolorization of toxic textile dyes, along with biodegradation of different phenolic, chlorinated, lignin, and its derived compounds. Besides the conventional treatment techniques for clean-up of lignin, lignin-derived compounds, PAHs, chlorinated phenol compounds, EDCs, a certain number of methods in an eco-friendly manner are also explored for remediation, and mitigation of such pollutants using specific microbial oxidoreductase enzymatic systems. Highly potential oxidoreductase derived from different microbes, plants, have been summarized to minimize the toxic effects of various toxic compounds. The book, therefore, seems to provide insight through different recent and eco-friendly approaches for waste management and offers the opportunity to minimize, reduce the effects of contaminants, and thereby attempting to reduce toxicological endpoints to ensure the safety of the environment.
Evaluation of variant calling tools for large plant genome re-sequencing
Authors: Yao Zhen , You Frank M. , N’Diaye Amidou , Knox Ron E. , McCartney Curt , Hiebert Colin W. , Pozniak Curtis , Xu Wayne 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Discovering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from agriculture crop genome sequences has been a widely used strategy for developing genetic markers for several applications including marker-assisted breeding, population diversity studies for eco-geographical adaption, genotyping crop germplasm collections, and others. Accurately detecting SNPs from large polyploid crop genomes such as wheat is crucial and challenging. A few variant calling methods have been previously developed but they show a low concordance between their variant calls. A gold standard of variant sets generated from one human individual sample was established for variant calling tool evaluations, however hitherto no gold standard of crop variant set is available for wheat use. The intent of this study was to evaluate seven SNP variant calling tools (FreeBayes, GATK, Platypus, Samtools/mpileup, SNVer, VarScan, VarDict) with the two most popular mapping tools (BWA-mem and Bowtie2) on wheat whole exome capture (WEC) re-sequencing data from allohexaploid wheat.

Results
We found the BWA-mem mapping tool had both a higher mapping rate and a higher accuracy rate than Bowtie2. With the same mapping quality (MQ) cutoff, BWA-mem detected more variant bases in mapping reads than Bowtie2. The reads preprocessed with quality trimming or duplicate removal did not significantly affect the final mapping performance in terms of mapped reads. Based on the concordance and receiver operating characteristic (ROC), the Samtools/mpileup variant calling tool with BWA-mem mapping of raw sequence reads outperformed other tests followed by FreeBayes and GATK in terms of specificity and sensitivity. VarDict and VarScan were the poorest performing variant calling tools with the wheat WEC sequence data.

Conclusion
The BWA-mem and Samtools/mpileup pipeline, with no need to preprocess the raw read data before mapping onto the reference genome, was ascertained the optimum for SNP calling for the complex wheat genome re-sequencing. These results also provide useful guidelines for reliable variant identification from deep sequencing of other large polyploid crop genomes.
Relatively semi-conservative replication and a folded slippage model for short tandem repeats
Authors: Zhang Hongxi , Li Douyue , Zhao Xiangyan , Pan Saichao , Wu Xiaolong , Peng Shan , Huang Hanrou , Shi Ruixue , Tan Zhongyang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The ubiquitous presence of short tandem repeats (STRs) in virtually all genomes implicates their functional relevance, while a widely-accepted definition of STR is yet to be established. Previous studies majorly focus on relatively longer STRs, while shorter repeats were generally excluded. Herein, we have adopted a more generous criteria to define shorter repeats, which has led to the definition of a much larger number of STRs that lack prior analysis. Using this definition, we analyzed the short repeats in 55 randomly selected segments in 55 randomly selected genomic sequences from a fairly wide range of species covering animals, plants, fungi, protozoa, bacteria, archaea and viruses.

Results
Our analysis reveals a high percentage of short repeats in all 55 randomly selected segments, indicating that the universal presence of high-content short repeats could be a common characteristic of genomes across all biological kingdoms. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume a mechanism for continuous production of repeats that can make the replicating process relatively semi-conservative. We have proposed a folded replication slippage model that considers the geometric space of nucleotides and hydrogen bond stability to explain the mechanism more explicitly, with improving the existing straight-line slippage model. The folded slippage model can explain the expansion and contraction of mono- to hexa- nucleotide repeats with proper folding angles. Analysis of external forces in the folding template strands also suggests that expansion exists more commonly than contraction in the short tandem repeats.

Conclusion
The folded replication slippage model provides a reasonable explanation for the continuous occurrences of simple sequence repeats in genomes. This model also contributes to the explanation of STR-to-genome evolution and is an alternative model that complements semi-conservative replication.
Antibiotic utilization in hospitalized children under 2 years of age with influenza or respiratory syncytial virus infection – a comparative, retrospective analysis
Authors: Papan Cihan , Willersinn Meike , Weiß Christel , Karremann Michael , Schroten Horst , Tenenbaum Tobias 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Infections due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Influenza virus (FLU) are leading causes of hospitalization in young children. Yet, there is little data on factors associated with antibiotic use in these patients.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of all patients below 2 years of age hospitalized between 2014 and 2018. We compared children with RSV infection to children with FLU infection analyzing clinical characteristics and factors contributing to an increased rate of antimicrobial utilization.

Results
RSV infection was diagnosed in 476/573 (83.1%), FLU in 95/573 (16.6%), and RSV-FLU-co-infection in 2/573 (0.3%) patients. Median age was lower for RSV compared to FLU (4 vs. 12 months; p < 0.0001). Children with RSV had longer hospitalization (5 vs. 4 days; p = 0.0023) and needed oxygen more frequently (314/476 vs. 23/95; p < 0.0001) than FLU patients. There was no significant difference in the overall antibiotic utilization between RSV and FLU patients (136/476 vs. 21/95; p = 0.2107). Logistic regression analyses revealed that septic appearance on admission (odds ratio [OR] 8.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–54.1), acute otitis media (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.1–9.4), a longer oxygen therapy (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.13–1.74) and a higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5–2.0) were significantly associated with antibiotic use in both groups, but not age or pneumonia.

Conclusions
In our cohort, the rate of antibiotic utilization was comparable between RSV and FLU patients, while for both groups distinct clinical presentation and a high CRP value were associated with higher antibiotic use.
Incidental Hamartoma in an elderly patient: a case report
Authors: Joo Tae-Sung , Kim Hyejee , Park In-Ki , Shin Jae-Ho 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Neuromuscular hamartoma is a very rare tumor; with only five cases reported in the orbit. It often occurs in infants and young children and involves large peripheral nerves, but there has been only few reports of occurrence in the orbit and adults.

Case presentation
This paper describes a 70-year-old man with an incidental orbital mass detected by an imaging test and who later developed associated symptoms. The mass was diagnosed as neuromuscular hamartoma. Superior rectus muscle recession and inferior rectus muscle resection were performed in the right eye for hypertropia secondary to postoperative inferior rectus muscle palsy. Hypertropia in the right eye and diplopia improved after surgery, and regular follow-up is underway.

Conclusion
This is the first case of an incidentally detected orbital mass diagnosed by histologic examination as a neuromuscular hamartoma in an older patient whose proptosis progressed after a long period of inactivity.
Predictors of infant-survival practices among mothers attending paediatric clinics in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Sokefun Eniolufolake Elizabeth , Atulomah Nnodimele Onuigbo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite concerted global efforts towards achieving infant-survival, infant mortality lingers as a problem in developing countries. Environmental and personal-level factors are assumed to account for this situation. This study was undertaken to provide better understanding of the dynamics of predictors of infant-survival practices among mothers with infants attending paediatric clinics.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Data was collected from 386 nursing mothers selected by convenience sampling. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. The questionnaire consisted of 38-items including demographic information of respondents, health-literacy counsels received during antenatal care, social-support from significant others, and self-efficacy to carry-out infant-survival instructions. Responses were transformed into rating scales for each variable and data analysis was conducted by linear regression analysis with test of hypotheses at 5% level of significance.

Results
The mean age of respondents was 29.8 ± 5.8 years. Majority (81.6%) were married. Yorubas (83.90%) were predominant. Participants had mean scores of 10.50 ± 3.83, 10.56 ± 3.70 and 16.61 ± 4.56 respectively computed for levels of health-literacy, social-support, and self-efficacy. The dependent variable measured level of infant-survival practices and respondents scored 16.53 ± 4.71. The study found a significant association among variables. Self-efficacy was the major predictor variable of self-reported infant-survival practices (R = 0.466; R2 = 0.217; P<0.05).

Conclusion
We conclude that participants had average levels of health-literacy, social-support, self-efficacy, and infant-survival practices. Healthcare providers should make efforts to empower pregnant women on activities essential for infant-survival. Family members of nursing mothers should as well be knowledgeable about the advantages of supporting them.
Palliative care delivery in residential aged care: bereaved family member experiences of the Supportive Hospice Aged Residential Exchange (SHARE) intervention
Authors: Frey Rosemary , Barham Sophia , Balmer Deborah , Boyd Michal , Robinson Jackie , Gott Merryn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The supportive hospice aged residential exchange (SHARE) is a new model of palliative care education that has been designed for residential aged care. The goal of SHARE is to help clinical staff improve palliative care within residential aged care facilities and to improve specialist palliative care nurses’ knowledge and skill to care for frail older people.

Method
The experiences of 18 bereaved families concerning the palliative care journey (both at the start and finish of a one-year implementation of SHARE) were explored using semi-structured interviews.

Results
Three themes were important to bereaved families’ experience: communication with staff, systems of care, and hospice involvement. Sub-themes indicating changes in these three components of care between the start and finish of SHARE was identified. A fourth theme highlighted challenges (relationship with GP, staff shortages, and turnover) that continued across SHARE.

Conclusion
Findings indicated that SHARE benefited families (improved communication and support) through the end of life journey of their relatives, but challenges remained.
Breast cancer screening beliefs questionnaire: psychometric properties of the Persian version
Authors: Sharif Nia Hamid , Behmanesh Fereshteh , Kwok Cannas , Firouzbakht Mojgan , Ebadi Abbas , Nikpour Maryam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundValid and reliable instruments are needed to assess such beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge. This study aimed to translate Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian women.MethodsIn this methodological study, the twelve-item Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire was translated into Persian and filled out by 1256 Iranian women. Face, content, convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed for construct validity evaluation. Reliability was also evaluated through calculating Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, Average inter-item correlation, and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient and finally, composite reliability was estimated.ResultsThree factors were extracted in factor analysis which included screening attitude, screening knowledge and perception, and screening practice. These factors explained 55.71% of the total variance of breast cancer screening beliefs. This three-factor model was confirmed in confirmatory factor analysis based on model fit indices (PCFI = 0.703, PNFI = 0.697, CMIN/DF = 2.127, RMSEA = 0.30, GFI = 0.980, AGFI = 0.998, and CFI = 0.991). Convergent and discriminant validity were also confirmed. Composite reliability and test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient were more than 0.7.ConclusionWith a three-factor structure, the Persian Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability and hence, can be used to evaluate Iranian women’s breast cancer screening beliefs.
The toxicity assessment of extract of Peganum harmala L. seeds in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Miao Xiangzhen , Zhang Xiao , Yuan Yanyan , Zhang Yali , Gao Jian , Kang Nianxin , Liu Xinkui , Wu Jiarui , Liu Yonggang , Tan Peng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeganum harmalaL. is a medicinal herb extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). So far, relevant reports on the toxicity ofPeganum harmalaL. seeds (PHS) are hardly available. Especially, we still know little about the in vivo mechanism for PHS toxicity. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity effects of PHS inCaenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans), investigate the possible mechanism of the toxicity effects of PHS, and provide reference for the pharmacological research of PHS.MethodsIn the present study, theC. eleganswas exposed to 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mg/mL of PHS in nematode growth medium (NGM) at 22 °C in the presence of food. Lethality, lifespan, growth, reproduction, and locomotion behavior assays were performed to evaluate the toxicity effects of PHS inC. elegans. We then determined the mechanism of the toxicity effect of PHS by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity assay, and oxidative stress resistance assays. The main components of PHS were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).ResultsCompared with the control group, the lethality ofC. eleganswas significantly increased when they were exposed to the ethanol extract of PHS at 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mg/mL (P < 0.01), and the mean lifespan was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). We also observed that PHS exposure could induce the toxicity on body length, brood size, and locomotion behavior.ConclusionOur study shows that the ethanol extract of PHS exerts obvious toxic effects onC. elegans, which would provide new ideas and methods for the biological evaluation of the toxicity of Chinese medicinal materials.
Nursing & Midwifery students’ experience of immersive virtual reality storytelling: an evaluative study
Authors: Hardie Philip , Darley Andrew , Carroll Lorraine , Redmond Catherine , Campbell Abraham , Jarvis Suzi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) storytelling is a concept that merges ground-breaking virtual reality technology with the traditional art of storytelling. Virtual reality storytelling offers a rare opportunity to present abstract experiences that challenge boundaries, heighten emotions, and convey previously intangible concepts. Scientific research into immersive virtual reality storytelling is still in its infancy, particularly regarding the field of education in Nursing and Midwifery. Therefore, this study set out to investigate the subjective experience of using an immersive virtual reality storytelling experience as an active pedagogy.

Methods
This was an evaluative study incorporating a multimodal approach encompassing a cross-sectional survey and observational study conducted in a large University in Ireland, offering major undergraduate and graduate degree programmes in the fields of Nursing and Midwifery. Students were invited to view the innovative virtual reality storytelling experience “Wonderful You” (BHD Immersive) that tells the story of the first 9 months of a baby’s life inside the woman’s womb. On completion, students were asked to complete an anonymous survey about their experience. Observational studies were also carried out, examining the student’s engagement and interaction with the iVR experience. A combination of statistical and thematic qualitative analysis was employed to interpret the respective summative rating scale and open-ended response questions in the evaluation survey. Data captured from the observations were grouped into categories and analysed capturing key themes.

Results
A response rate of 71.2% (n = 94) identified iVR storytelling as a memorable learning experience that triggered students’ engagement and motivation to learn. IVR storytelling enabled students to visualise and better understand abstract concepts. Qualitative analysis of narrative responses revealed the positive evaluations of the iVR storytelling experience. Observational studies further revealed students were highly engaged and interacted positively with the iVR storytelling experience.

Conclusions
The full potential of this new medium of iVR storytelling has yet to be seen. However, this study provides an encouraging insight into the positive attributes of iVR storytelling that engages students and creates authentic active learning experiences.
Improved efficiency and diagnostic utility of inpatient transthoracic echocardiography following implementation of a sonographer-initiated perflutren-based contrast administration protocol
Authors: Prentice Ryan , Ahmadian Homayoun , Thomas Dustin , Berger Jeremy , Gore Rosco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Up to 20% of resting echocardiograms obtained are suboptimal leading to further downstream testing and delays in diagnosis. Contrast enhanced echocardiography is well established and endorsed for use by the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) in clinical scenarios when 2 or more adjacent wall segments are not well visualized; however, varied institutional protocols and practices in place limit such use due to increased time and personnel needed to obtain such imaging.

Methods
The purpose of this study was to determineif sonographer administered echo contrast led to decreased time to complete inpatient echocardiography exams when compared to the current institutional policy of having a registered nurse perform administration of contrast via a case-control approach. Sonographers received a one-day training course on the techniques for contrast administration. Baseline completion times (time from 1st image to last image) were reviewed in studies from March 2015 to May 2015. Sonographers who received training began self-administration of contrast the first week of June 2015. After a familiarization period, study completion times were recorded from September 2015 to December 2015 and compared to those during the baseline phase. Sonographers were not informed that they were being monitored. Patients and the public were not involved in the design or conduct of our study.

Results
A total of 320 patients were included for analysis. Time spent obtaining contrast enhanced imaging was not significant between the two groups (p = 0.67). Time spent to complete each echocardiogram (time from first echocardiogram image to the last contrast enhanced echocardiogram image) was significant between the two groups (37.5 ± 10.9 min sonographer administered v 49.6 ± 12.5 min in nurse administered group, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Utilizing a sonographer administered echo enhancement protocol results in reduced over 12 min of time saved per study.