bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic MRI for articulating joint evaluation on 1.5 T and 3.0 T scanners: setup, protocols, and real-time sequences
Authors: Garetier Marc , Borotikar Bhushan , Makki Karim , Brochard Sylvain , Rousseau François , Ben Salem Douraïed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive method that can be used to increase the understanding of the pathomechanics of joints. Various types of real-time gradient echo sequences used for dynamic MRI acquisition of joints include balanced steady-state free precession sequence, radiofrequency-spoiled sequence, and ultra-fast gradient echo sequence. Due to their short repetition time and echo time, these sequences provide high temporal resolution, a good signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution, and soft tissue contrast. The prerequisites of the evaluation of joints with dynamic MRI include suitable patient installation and optimal positioning of the joint in the coil to allow joint movement, sometimes with dedicated coil support. There are currently few recommendations in the literature regarding appropriate protocol, sequence standardizations, and diagnostic criteria for the use of real-time dynamic MRI to evaluate joints. This article summarizes the technical parameters of these sequences from various manufacturers on 1.5 T and 3.0 T MRI scanners. We have reviewed pertinent details of the patient and coil positioning for dynamic MRI of various joints. The indications and limitations of dynamic MRI of joints are discussed.
Evaluation of the bronchial arteries: normal findings, hypertrophy and embolization in patients with hemoptysis
Authors: Almeida João , Leal Cecília , Figueiredo Luísa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe enlargement of the bronchial arteries occurs in a multitude of congenital and acquired diseases and is responsible for the majority of cases of hemoptysis. In this review, we provide a simplified imaging approach to the evaluation of the bronchial arteries. We highlight the anatomy and function of the bronchial arteries, typical imaging findings, how to recognize bronchial artery dilatation, and its underlying causes. Contrast-enhanced computer tomography plays a major role in diagnosing bronchial artery enlargement and also improves treatment planning. Bronchial artery embolization has proven to be effective in controlling the potential hazardous hemoptysis.
Survivability-aware routing restoration mechanism for smart grid communication network in large-scale failures
Authors: Liu Bao Ju , Yu Peng , Xue-song Qiu , Shi Lei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNatural disasters such as earthquakes have consecutive impacts on the smart grid because of aftershock activities. To guarantee service requirements and smart grid stable operations, it is a challenge to design a fast and survivable rerouting mechanism. There are few studies that consider concurrent rerouting aiming at multiple services in smart grid communication network, however. Firstly, we formulate the node survivability, link survivability, and path survivability model in terms of the distance from the epicenter to the node and the link of the network. Meanwhile, we introduce the indicator of site difference level which is unique in the smart grid to further restrict the service path. Secondly, to improve the algorithm efficiency and reduce rerouting time, the deep first search algorithm is utilized to obtain the available rerouting set, and then the I-DQN based on the framework of reinforcement learning is proposed to achieve concurrent rerouting for multiple services. The experimental results show that our approach has a better convergence performance and higher survivability as well as the approximate latency in comparison with other approaches.
Stability analysis for boundary value problems with generalized nonlocal condition via Hilfer–Katugampola fractional derivative
Authors: Ahmed Idris , Kumam Poom , Jarad Fahd , Borisut Piyachat , Sitthithakerngkiet Kanokwan , Ibrahim Alhassan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this research, we present the stability analysis of a fractional differential equation of a generalized Liouville–Caputo-type (Katugampola) via the Hilfer fractional derivative with a nonlocal integral boundary condition. Besides, we derive the relation between the proposed problem and the Volterra integral equation. Using the concepts of Banach and Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorems, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the proposed problem. Finally, we present two examples to clarify the abstract result.
Patient experience of health and care when undergoing colorectal surgery within the ERAS program
Authors: Wennström Berith , Johansson Anna , Kalabic Sabina , E-son Loft Anna-Lena , Skullman Stefan , Bergh Ingrid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Several studies show that the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program reduces complications postoperatively and leads to faster recovery and shorter hospital stays. However, little is known about patients’ self-reported health in an enhanced recovery context. The aim of this study was firstly to describe patient experiences of health within the concept of ERAS after colorectal (CR) surgery during a hospital stay and within 2 weeks of discharge. Secondly, to explore whether the ASA classification/co-morbidity, sex, and surgical method affect the patient’s experience of health.

Methods
Data were collected through the ERAS-HEALTH questionnaire, including two open-ended questions, and through telephone interviews postoperatively. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was used. Patients undergoing CR surgery (n = 80) were included from October 2016 to June 2018.

Results
The patients had mainly positive experiences of their hospital stay as well as most of them felt comfortable coming home. However, experienced state of health is affected by factors like surgical method and co-morbidity. Improvements were desired concerning information, food/food intake, pain management, and environment. At home, the patients experienced a lack of information about food/food intake and ostomy care. Decreased appetite and difficulties with micturition were also described. The most troublesome symptom was postoperative fatigue (POF). Analysis of the ERAS-HEALTH questionnaire showed that patients with higher co-morbidity and those who underwent open surgery have a significantly worse experience of their health compared with patients who underwent laparoscopy. However, it seems that the surgical method affects postoperative health to a greater extent than co-morbidity.

Conclusions
The patients reported many positive aspects and challenges when being cared for within the ERAS program. However, several improvements are needed to satisfy patient wishes regarding their care both in hospital and at home. Laparoscopic surgery affects patient state of health positively in several respects compared with open surgery.
Loss of homeostatic microglial phenotype in CSF1R-related Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Kempthorne Liam , Yoon Hyejin , Madore Charlotte , Smith Scott , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Rademakers Rosa , Kim Jungsu , Butovsky Oleg , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicroglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and their unique molecular signature is dependent upon CSF-1 signaling. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of CSF-1R in survival and development of microglia in animal models, but the findings are of uncertain relevance to understanding the influence of CSF-1R on microglia in humans. Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) [also known as adult onset leukoencephalopathy with spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP)] is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting cerebral white matter, most often caused by mutations of CSF1R. Therefore, we hypothesized that the molecular profile of microglia may be affected in HDLS. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry and quantitative transcriptomic profiling revealed reduced expression of IBA-1 and P2RY12 in both white and gray matter microglia of HDLS. In contrast, there was increased expression of CD68 and CD163 in microglia in affected white matter. In addition, expression of selective and specific microglial markers, including P2RY12, CX3CR1 and CSF-1R, were reduced in affected white matter. These results suggest that microglia in white matter in HDLS lose their homeostatic phenotype. Supported by gene ontology analysis, it is likely that an inflammatory phenotype is a key pathogenic feature of microglia in vulnerable brain regions of HDLS. Our findings suggest a potential mechanism of disease pathogenesis by linking aberrant CSF-1 signaling to altered microglial phenotype. They also support the idea that HDLS may be a primary microgliopathy. We observed increased expression of CSF-2 in gray matter compared to affected white matter, which may contribute to selective vulnerability of white matter in HDLS. Our findings suggest that methods that restore the homeostatic phenotype of microglia might be considered treatment approaches in HDLS.
Radiation doses from 161Tb and 177Lu in single tumour cells and micrometastases
Authors: Alcocer-Ávila Mario E. , Ferreira Aymeric , Quinto Michele A. , Morgat Clément , Hindié Elif , Champion Christophe 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is gaining importance. For TRT to be also used as adjuvant therapy or for treating minimal residual disease, there is a need to increase the radiation dose to small tumours. The aim of this in silico study was to compare the performances of 161Tb (a medium-energy β− emitter with additional Auger and conversion electron emissions) and 177Lu for irradiating single tumour cells and micrometastases, with various distributions of the radionuclide.

Methods
We used the Monte Carlo track-structure (MCTS) code CELLDOSE to compute the radiation doses delivered by 161Tb and 177Lu to single cells (14 μm cell diameter with 10 μm nucleus diameter) and to a tumour cluster consisting of a central cell surrounded by two layers of cells (18 neighbours). We focused the analysis on the absorbed dose to the nucleus of the single tumoral cell and to the nuclei of the cells in the cluster. For both radionuclides, the simulations were run assuming that 1 MeV was released per μm3 (1436 MeV/cell). We considered various distributions of the radionuclides: either at the cell surface, intracytoplasmic or intranuclear.

Results
For the single cell, the dose to the nucleus was substantially higher with 161Tb compared to 177Lu, regardless of the radionuclide distribution: 5.0 Gy vs. 1.9 Gy in the case of cell surface distribution; 8.3 Gy vs. 3.0 Gy for intracytoplasmic distribution; and 38.6 Gy vs. 10.7 Gy for intranuclear location. With the addition of the neighbouring cells, the radiation doses increased, but remained consistently higher for 161Tb compared to 177Lu. For example, the dose to the nucleus of the central cell of the cluster was 15.1 Gy for 161Tb and 7.2 Gy for 177Lu in the case of cell surface distribution of the radionuclide, 17.9 Gy for 161Tb and 8.3 Gy for 177Lu for intracytoplasmic distribution and 47.8 Gy for 161Tb and 15.7 Gy for 177Lu in the case of intranuclear location.

Conclusion
161Tb should be a better candidate than 177Lu for irradiating single tumour cells and micrometastases, regardless of the radionuclide distribution.
Addressing soil protection concerns in forest ecosystem management under climate change
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Raquel , Botequim Brigite , Tavares Catarina , Pécurto Patrícia , Borges José G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundClimate change may strongly influence soil erosion risk, namely through variations in the precipitation pattern. Forests may contribute to mitigate the impacts of climate change on soil erosion and forest managers are thus challenged by the need to define strategies that may protect the soil while addressing the demand for other ecosystem services. Our emphasis is on the development of an approach to assess the impact of silvicultural practices and forest management models on soil erosion risks under climate change. Specifically, we consider the annual variation of the cover-management factor (C) in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation over a range of alternative forest management models to estimate the corresponding annual soil losses, under both current and changing climate conditions. We report and discuss results of an application of this approach to a forest area in Northwestern Portugal where erosion control is the most relevant water-related ecosystem service.ResultsLocal climate change scenarios will contribute to water erosion processes, mostly by rainfall erosivity increase. Different forest management models provide varying levels of soil protection by trees, resulting in distinct soil loss potential.ConclusionsResults confirm the suitability of the proposed approach to address soil erosion concerns in forest management planning. This approach may help foresters assess management models and the corresponding silvicultural practices according to the water-related services they provide.
Differences in community composition of endophytic fungi between above- and below-ground tissues of Aristolochia chilensis in an arid ecosystem
Authors: Guevara-Araya M. J. , Vilo C. , Urzúa A. , González-Teuber M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Endophytic fungi are diverse and ubiquitous in nature, yet studies simultaneously comparing endophyte communities in above- and below-ground plant tissues are relatively scarce. The main goal of our study was to compare the diversity and community composition of endophytic fungi associated with above- and below-ground tissues of the plant Aristolochia chilensis in an arid ecosystem. Endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy leaves and roots of A. chilensis, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was sequenced for phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis.

Results
A combined total of 457 fungal isolates were cultured from leaf and root tissues, belonging to 54 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Phialemonium and Trichoderma were the most representative endophyte taxa identified in A. chilensis tissues; nevertheless, Fusarium was significantly more dominant in the below-ground community, while foliar endophyte community was dominated by Penicillium. Whereas OTU richness and diversity were not different between below-ground and above-ground tissues, endophyte abundance was on average twice as high in below-ground tissue than in above-ground tissue. Fungal endophyte communities in the two tissue types were significantly dissimilar.

Conclusions
Results from this study indicate that A. chilensis harbors a similar diversity of endophytic fungi in above- and below-ground tissues. Dominant endophytic fungi were found to be dependent on tissue type, which potentially resulted in marked differences in community structure between above- and below-ground tissues. Ecological processes potentially affecting this pattern are discussed.
Multi-ethnic validation of 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale in Chile
Authors: Gallardo-Peralta Lorena P. , Rodríguez-Blázquez Carmen , Ayala-García Alba , Forjaz María João 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
There has been scant research published regarding the assessment of depression in ethnic groups, and few studies have addressed the validation of scales for standardized assessment of depressive symptoms among indigenous minorities.

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) for a multi-ethnic sample of older Chilean adults.

Methods
Cross-sectional study with a sample of 800 older people, 71% of whom were self-declared indigenous (Aymara/Mapuche).

Results
The non-indigenous group had a higher total GDS-15 score and lower quality of life and wellbeing scores than the indigenous groups (p < 0.001). The GDS-15 had a KR-20 coefficient of 0.90 for the non-indigenous group, 0.80 for Aymara, and 0.85 for Mapuche. The homogeneity index was 0.38 for non-indigenous, 0.24 for Aymara, and 0.29 for Mapuche.

Discussion
The GDS-15 showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics for the samples studied. However, the better results observed for the non-indigenous group suggest that some characteristics and content of the rating scale are not fully appropriate for the indigenous older population.

Conclusions
There is a need to develop the transcultural validation of scales such as GDS-15, which are applied in a standardized manner in geriatric evaluations as part of primary healthcare.
Predictors of problematic smartphone use among university students
Authors: Laurence Paulo Guirro , Busin Yuri , da Cunha Lima Helena Scoz , Macedo Elizeu Coutinho 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPredictors of problematic smartphone use have been found mainly in studies on elementary and high school students. Few studies have focused on predictors related to social network and messaging apps or smartphone model. Thus, the objective of our study was to identify predictors of problematic smartphone use related to demographic characteristics, loneliness, social app use, and smartphone model among university students. This cross-sectional study involved 257 Brazilian university students who answered a smartphone addiction scale, a questionnaire about smartphone usage patterns, and the Brazilian version of the UCLA-R loneliness scale. Women, iPhone owners, and users of Instagram and Snapchat had significantly higher smartphone addiction scores. We found correlations between scores for the Brazilian version of smartphone addiction scale and the importance attributed to WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat, and the Brazilian version of the UCLA-R loneliness scale. Our hierarchical regression model predicted 32.2% of the scores of the Brazilian version of the smartphone addiction scale, with the greatest increase in predictive capability by the step that added smartphone social app importance, followed by the step that added loneliness. Adding the smartphone model produced the smallest increase in predictive capability. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Obstructive lung disease and quality of life after cure of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis in Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nuwagira Edwin , Stadelman Anna , Baluku Joseph Baruch , Rhein Joshua , Byakika-Kibwika Pauline , Mayanja Harriet , Kunisaki Ken M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) alters lung architecture and involves lengthy treatment duration, high pill burden, drug adverse effects, travel restrictions, and stigma. Literature about pulmonary function and health-related quality of life (QoL) of patients treated for MDR TB is limited. This study sought to determine the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and QoL of patients who were treated for pulmonary MDR TB.

Methods
Participants who completed 18 months of pulmonary MDR TB treatment and considered cured were eligible to be evaluated in a cross-sectional study. We performed post-bronchodilator spirometry to measure forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). COPD was defined as FEV1/FVC < 0.7; health-related QoL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Survey for HIV (MOS-HIV) and St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations with COPD, health-related QoL, and other characteristics of the cohort.

Results
A total of 95 participants were enrolled. Median age of the cohort was 39 years (interquartile range (IQR), 29–45), and 55 (58%) were HIV-positive. COPD prevalence was 23% (22/95). Median SGRQ score was normal at 7.8 (IQR, 3.1–14.8). Median mental and physical health summary scores were significantly impaired, at 58.6 (IQR, 52.0–61.5) and 52.9 (IQR, 47.8–57.9), respectively, on a scale of 0 to 100 where 100 represents excellent physical or mental health. In this sample, 19% (18/95) of participants were in the lowest relative socioeconomic position (SEP) while 34% (32/95) were in the highest relative SEP. Belonging in the lowest SEP group was the strongest predictor of COPD.

Conclusion
Individuals who have completed MDR TB treatment have a high prevalence of COPD and low mental and physical health summary scores. Our study highlights the need for pulmonary rehabilitation programs in patients with a low socioeconomic position (SEP) after MDR TB treatment.
3D printing of high performance polymer-bonded PEEK-NdFeB magnetic composite materials
Authors: Pigliaru L. , Rinaldi M. , Ciccacci L. , Norman A. , Rohr T. , Ghidini T. , Nanni F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPermanent Rare Earth magnets are becoming more and more important in efficient motors and generators with high energy density. Among them NdFeB magnets are the most employed, with NdFeB having higher remanence, high coercivity and energy product. Nevertheless,their poor corrosion resistance makes them susceptible to degradation of the magnetic properties. One possible solution is the development of innovative polymeric composite magnetic materials. The preparation of NdFeB powders filled polymeric matrix (PEEK), with a double goal of protecting the magnetic alloy is proposed, thus preventing it from corrosion, and to realize a new material that can be shaped in the form of filaments. This material was used as feedstock in the 3D printing process to produce high performance magnets with customized and optimized design. The PEEK-NdFeB filaments were produced with three percentages of filler amount(i.e. 25, 50 and 75 wt%). PEEK neat filaments were produced as reference. The influence of the filler on the main thermomechanical properties of the resulting composites, as well as its effect onthe 3D printing process were evaluated by means of different investigation techniques (DSC, DMTA, XRD, tensile testing). The magnetic properties exhibited by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) printed parts confirmed the feasibility of employing such a combination of an innovative manufacturing technique and high-performance PEEK-NdFeB compounds.The characterization carried out on both neat and composite filaments evidenced that the presence of the filler slightly decreased the thermal stability, increased the elastic modulus while decreasing ductility and maximum tensile strength. By means of DSC analysis, it was confirmed that the crystallinity is influenced by the presence of the filler. Magnetic measurement performed on the 3D printed parts demonstrate that interesting magnetic properties were achieved, confirming the feasibility of the magnetic 3D printed composite with PEEK.