bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear scheduling with time‐variable electricity prices using sensitivity‐based truncations of wavelet transforms
Authors: Schäfer Pascal , Schweidtmann Artur M. , Mitsos Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose an algorithm for scheduling subject to time‐variable electricity prices using nonlinear process models that enables long planning horizons with fine discretizations. The algorithm relies on a reduced‐space formulation and enhances our previous work (Schäfer et al., Comput Chem Eng, 2020;132:106598) by a sensitivity‐based refinement procedure. We therein expose the coefficients of the wavelet transform of the time series of independent process variables to the optimizer. The problem size is reduced by truncating the transform and iteratively adjusted using Lagrangian multipliers. We apply the algorithm to the scheduling of a multi‐product air separation unit. The nonlinear power consumption characteristic is replaced by an artificial neural network trained on data from a rigorous model. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm reduces the number of optimization variables by more than one order of magnitude, whilst furnishing feasible schedules with insignificant losses in objective values compared to solutions considering the full dimensionality.
Distributed state estimation through co‐acting Kalman filters
Authors: Kanagala Subhash Babu , Detroja Ketan P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDistributing calculations of a central Kalman filter requires subsystem level expressions for the propagation and update steps of the Kalman filter. It is difficult to obtain subsystem level expressions due to the inverse term present in the update step. In this manuscript, a non‐iterative way of decomposing the inverse of a matrix is presented. This decomposition allows rewriting the update equations of the Kalman filter subsystem‐wise. Subsequently, a Co‐acting Kalman Filter (CoKF) is proposed using these decomposed central Kalman filter equations to perform distributed state estimation. The convergence of the CoKF algorithm is established under the assumption that each subsystem is observable. Two variants of the proposed CoKF, namely (m‐CoKF and p‐CoKF), suitable for applications on opposite ends of computation and communication resource spectrum, are presented along with the trade‐offs involved. A comparison of the proposed method with existing distributed Kalman filters is also presented. The proposed CoKF algorithm is implemented on a standard wireless sensor network example with 200 nodes. The simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed CoKF algorithm relative to the central Kalman filter.
Nexplanon failure in a woman with HIV infection in rural Ghana: A case report
Authors: Kumbeni Maxwell Tii , Apanga Paschal Awingura , Ayamga Emmanuel Awine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough Nexplanon is one of the most effective and most utilized long‐acting reversible contraceptives in Ghana. We report a rare event of Nexplanon failure in a woman with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in rural Ghana.
Determination of the chiral status of different novel psychoactive substance classes by capillary electrophoresis and β‐cyclodextrin derivatives
Authors: Hägele Johannes S. , Hubner Eva‐Maria , Schmid Martin G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBesides the abuse of well‐known illicit drugs, consumers discovered new synthetic compounds with similar effects but minor alterations in their chemical structure. Originally, these so‐called novel psychoactive substances (NPS) have been created to circumvent law of prosecution because of illicit drug abuse. During the past decade, such compounds came up in generations, the most popular compound was a synthetic cathinone derivative named mephedrone. Cathinones are structurally related to amphetamines; to date, more than 120 completely new derivatives have been synthesized and are traded via the Internet. Cathinones possess a chiral center; however, only little is known about the pharmacology of their enantiomers. However, NPS comprise further chiral compound classes such as amphetamine derivatives, ketamines, 2‐(aminopropyl)benzofurans, and phenidines. In continuation of our project, a cheap and easy‐to‐perform chiral capillary zone electrophoresis method for enantioseparation of cathinones presented previously was extended to the aforementioned compound classes. Enantioresolution was achieved by simply adding native β‐cyclodextrin, acetyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, or carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector additives to the background electrolyte. Fifty‐one chiral NPS served as analytes mainly purchased from online vendors via the Internet. Using 10 mM of the aforementioned β‐cyclodextrins in a 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), overall, 50 of 51 NPS were resolved. However, chiral separation ability of the selectors differed depending on the analyte. Additionally, simultaneous enantioseparations, the determination of enantiomeric migration orders of selected analytes, and a repeatability study were performed successfully. It was proven that all separated NPS were traded as racemic mixtures.
Architecture of a Distributed Process Co‐simulation Framework
Authors: Wack Thorsten , Schröder Andreas , Yildiz Evren 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs part of the Carbon2Chem® joint research project, mathematical models are involved to simulate operating scenarios for cross‐industrial networks. An optimal model‐based system integration approach requires a scalable co‐simulation framework that enables the distributed development of constituent subsystems. By using a classic waveform relaxation algorithm, model suppliers and integrators can exchange co‐simulation units without having to disclose sensitive information and intellectual property. Here, the underlying IT architecture and the basic principles of the introduced “model as a service” approach are described.
Development of Co‐Cu‐C‐Mn Catalysts for the Synthesis of Higher Alcohols
Authors: Wiesmann Thomas , Reinsdorf Arne , Lohmann Heiko , Wolf Dorit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCo‐Cu catalysts represent a promising possibility to synthesize higher alcohols. In this study, novel carbon‐embedded Co‐Cu catalysts have been prepared and were tested in an 8‐fold parallel reactor system. Moreover, the influence of Mn as a dopant on the catalytic performance has been studied. It was shown that Mn reduced the selectivity for methane and favored the formation of olefins. In contrast to Cu‐free catalysts, Cu‐containing catalysts have an improved selectivity for alcohols.
Nachhaltigkeit in Gesellschaft, Wissenschaft, Politik und Schule
Authors: Brockhage Frauke , Lüsse Mientje , Pietzner Verena , Beeken Marco 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungEine Vielzahl politischer Entschlüsse legen sowohl international als auch in Deutschland fest, Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung langfristig und dauerhaft in den schulischen Kontext zu integrieren. Viele Initiativen wie Fridays For Future verdeutlichen darüber hinaus die Relevanz einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung in der heutigen Zeit und die hohe Motivation und das Interesse der Schülerinnen und Schüler. Um diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden und an das Potential anzuschließen, werden verschiedene Unterrichtsinhalte zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit in der Reihe „Fridays For Future und Schule?“ dargestellt und durch Experimente, Diskussionsleitfäden und entsprechendes Unterrichtsmaterial ergänzt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Bedeutung der Nachhaltigkeit in Gesellschaft, Wissenschaft, Politik und Schule. Konkrete Unterrichtsinhalte zum Thema Stickstoff finden Sie im Artikel „Fridays For Future und Schule? – Teil 2: Nachhaltige Unterrichtsvorschläge zur Stickstoffproblematik“ in der nächsten Ausgabe. Beiträge zu den Themen Ernährung und Mikroplastik folgen.
Fast Screening and Determination of Tadalafil in Pharmaceutics by Batch Injection Analysis (BIA) with Amperometric Detection
Authors: de Oliveira Fabiano M. , Ferreira Priscila A. , Neves Camila G. , Rosa Tamires M. , dos Santos Wallans T. P. , de Melo Edmar I. , da Silva Rodrigo A. B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTadalafil (TDL) is the active ingredient of Cialis®, one of the top selling drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and very counterfeit worldwide. In this work, two amperometric methods are proposed for (1) determination and (2) screening of TDL in pharmaceutical products using a boron‐doped diamond electrode assembled in a 3D‐printed Batch Injection Analysis cell. Cyclic voltammograms showed that TDL presented one irreversible oxidation and pH dependent process at about 1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl) with maximum current in Britton‐Robinson buffer pH 4.0. For the method 1, a constant potential of+1.3 V was applied and, under optimized conditions, good linear range for TDL quantification (from 1.0 to 150.0 μmol L−1), LOD of 1.0 μmol L−1 (experimental), high repeatability (RSD=1.9 %; n=20) and good sample throughput (270 h−1) were obtained. Method 1 was used for the determination of TDL in genuine and generic formulations, and the results were not statistically different from a comparative spectrophotometric method at a 95 % confidence level. In method 2, the multiple pulse amperometric detection (MPAD) was taken through the application of sequential potential pulses (+1.0, +1.2 and +1.5 V). The comparative profile of each sample was done after peak ratios from each amperogram (R1=ipa1.2V/ipa1.0V, R2=ipa1.5V/ipa1.2V, R3=ipa1.5V/ipa1.0V). This simple current normalization allowed the recognition of similar profiles between samples containing only TDL and differences between samples adulterated with other drugs (sildenafil, paracetamol, dipyrone, and caffeine). Finally, these methods are fast, use portable low‐cost apparatus and unmodified electrodes. Such features are attractive for routine analysis in forensic and pharmaceutical sciences.
Tail risk connectedness between US industries
Authors: Nguyen Linh H. , Nguyen Linh X. D. , Tan Linzhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe use the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) quantile regression technique to construct and analyse the complete tail risk connectedness network of the whole US industry system. We also investigate the empirical relationship between input–output linkages and the tail risk spillovers among US industries. Our findings identify the tail‐risk drivers, tail‐risk receivers, and tail‐risk distributors among industries and confirm that the actual trade flow between industries is a major driver of their tail risk connectedness.
Summer onset in northern Asia
Authors: Chyi Dorina , Bueh Cholaw , Xie Zuowei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the northern Asian summer onset (NASO) is investigated in terms of its key features, thermodynamic driving factors, and its associations with the rainfall pattern in eastern China on the basis of the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data, the snow cover extent data archived by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Information, and the precipitation data of observational stations in China. We define the NASO as the critical time when seasonal surface warming in northern Asia accelerates prior to this time and then stabilizes after this time. The climatological NASO occurs in the second pentad of June, across which systematic changes occur in the near surface warming in northern Asia. The heat budget analysis demonstrates from the climatic perspective that the snowmelt process in northern Asia plays a crucial role in the NASO. The positive feedback between surface warming and snowmelt facilitates an intense surface warming associated with the NASO. It is revealed that large‐scale wave patterns in the sea‐level pressure field contribute to early and late advents of NASOs. In association with the wave patterns, the horizontal linear advection term and adiabatic term are the primary thermodynamic drivers to the early and late NASOs. From late May to early July, the circulation anomalies from northern Asia to the subtropical western Pacific are significantly different between the early and late NASO years. Accordingly, in the rainy period, the seasonal evolution of rainfall pattern in eastern China also shows a considerable difference in these two NASO years.
Unicompartmental bipolar osteochondral and meniscal allograft transplantation is effective for treatment of medial compartment gonarthrosis in a canine model
Authors: Schreiner Anna J. , Stannard James P. , Stoker Aaron M. , Bozynski Chantelle C. , Kuroki Keiichi , Cook Cristi R. , Cook James L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOsteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation can restore large articular defects in the knee. Bipolar OCA transplantations for partial and whole joint resurfacing often have less favorable results than single‐surface transplants. This study was designed to use a large animal model to test the hypothesis that unicompartmental bipolar osteochondral and meniscal allograft transplantation (BioJoint) would be as or more effective for treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA) compared to standard‐of‐care nonoperative treatment. OA was induced in one knee of each research hound (n = 8) using a meniscal release model and pretreatment assessments were performed. After 3 months, dogs were randomly assigned to either the control group (n = 4, no surgical intervention, daily nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) or the BioJoint group (n = 4). Clinical, radiographic, and arthroscopic assessments were performed longitudinally and histopathology was evaluated at the 6‐month endpoint. At study endpoint, functional, pain, and total pressure index measures, as well as radiographic and arthroscopic grading of graft appearance and joint health, demonstrated superior outcomes for BioJoints compared to NSAID controls. Furthermore, histologic assessments showed that osteochondral and meniscal transplants maintain integrity and integrated into host tissues. Clinical significance: The results support the safety and efficacy of unicompartmental bipolar osteochondral and meniscal allograft transplantation in a preclinical model with highly functional outcomes without early OA progression.
Astilbin lowers the effective caffeine dose for decreasing lipid accumulation via activating AMPK in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Yang Licong , Zhu Yanping , Zhong Shusheng , Zheng Guodong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCaffeine has an anti‐obesity effect, although chronic excessive caffeine consumption also causes caffeinism, which is marked by increased anxiety or depression, amongst other symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate whether the addition of flavonoids such as astilbin can reduce the caffeine dose needed to inhibit obesity.RESULTSICR mice (n = 80) were fed with normal diet, high‐fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with astilbin, caffeine, or astilbin + caffeine for 12 weeks. When diets supplemented with astilbin, 0.3 g kg−1 diet caffeine had the same effect as 0.6 g kg−1 diet caffeine alone, and 0.6 g kg−1 diet caffeine combined with astilbin most effectively inhibited HFD‐induced obesity. Astilbin improved the anti‐obesity effects of caffeine on lipid accumulation via the activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). (i) Activated AMPKα decreased lipid biosynthesis by suppressing the activity or mRNA expression of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c and its target gene fatty acid synthase. (ii) Activated AMPKα also up‐regulated lipolysis by enhancing the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and increasing the phosphorylation of hormone‐sensitive lipase. (iii) Finally, activated AMPKα increased carnitine acyltransferase and acyl‐CoA oxidase activities, which further promoted fatty acid β‐oxidation.CONCLUSIONThe results obtained in the present study indicate that astilbin may decrease the effective dose of caffeine needed for an anti‐obesity effect and also suggest that it suppresses fat accumulation via the activation of AMPK. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of sarcopenia on perioperative complications in abdominally based free‐flap breast reconstruction
Authors: Broyles Justin M. , Smith Jeffrey M. , Phillips Brett T. , Mericli Alex F. , Selber Jesse C. , Largo Rene D. , Baumann Donald P. , Liu Jessie , Schaverien Mark V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe identification of patient‐specific risk factors, which predict morbidity following abdominally based microvascular breast reconstruction is difficult. Sarcopenia is a proxy for patient frailty and is an independent predictor of complications in a myriad of surgical disciplines. We predict that sarcopenic patients will be at higher risk for surgical complications following abdominally based microvascular breast reconstruction.MethodsA retrospective study of all patients who underwent delayed abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction following postmastectomy radiation therapy from 2007 to 2013 at a single institution was conducted. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of sarcopenia on postoperative outcomes.ResultsTwo hundred and eight patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 30 met criteria for sarcopenia (14.1%). There were no significant differences in demographics between groups. There were no significant differences in minor (36.7% vs 44.4%; P = .43) or major (16.7% vs 25.3%; P = .36) complications between groups as well as hospital length of stay. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that a staged reconstruction with the use of a tissue expander was the only consistent variable, which predicted major complications (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.18‐4.64; P = .015).ConclusionsSarcopenia does not predispose to minor or major surgical complications in patients who undergo abdominally based microsurgical breast reconstruction.
Detailed experimental and kinetic modeling study of 3‐carene pyrolysis
Authors: Zhang Jia , Vermeire Florence , Van de Vijver Ruben , Herbinet Olivier , Battin‐Leclerc Frédérique , Reyniers Marie‐Françoise , Van Geem Kevin M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract3‐Carene is an important potential biofuel with properties similar to the jet‐propellant JP‐10. Its thermal decomposition and combustion behavior is to date unknown, which is essential to assess its quality as a fuel. A combined experimental and kinetic modeling study has been conducted to understand the initial decomposition of 3‐carene. The pyrolysis of 3‐carene was investigated in a jet‐stirred quartz reactor at atmospheric pressure, at temperatures varying from 650 to 1050 K, covering the complete conversion range. The decomposition of 3‐carene was observed to start around 800 K, and it is almost complete at 970 K. Online gas chromatography shows that primarily aromatics are generated which suggests that 3‐carene is not a good fuel candidate. The potential energy surface for the initial decomposition pathways determined by KinBot shows that a hydrogen elimination reaction dominates, giving primarily cara‐2,4‐diene. Next to this molecular pathway, radical pathways lead to aromatics via ring opening. The kinetic model was automatically generated with Genesys and consists of 2565 species and 9331 reactions. New quantum chemical calculations at the CBS‐QB3 level of theory were needed to calculate rate coefficients and thermodynamic properties relevant for the primary decomposition of 3‐carene. Both the conversion of 3‐carene and the yields of the primary products (ie, benzene and hydrogen gas) are well predicted with this kinetic model. Rate of production analyses shows that the dominant pathways to convert 3‐carene are hydrogen elimination reaction and radical chemistry.
Mid‐gestational fetal placental blood flow is diminished in the fetus with congenital heart disease
Authors: Ho Deborah Y. , Josowitz Rebecca , Katcoff Hannah , Griffis Heather M. , Tian Zhiyun , Gaynor J. William , Rychik Jack 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveData suggest fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) have placental abnormalities. Their abnormal placental vasculature may affect fetal placental blood flow, which has not previously been explored.MethodWe performed a retrospective cross‐sectional study comparing umbilical venous volume flow (UVVF) of single ventricle, D‐transposition of the great arteries, and tetralogy of Fallot fetuses with fetuses without CHD. UVVF and combined cardiac output (CCO) were calculated from fetal echocardiography and compared using t tests, χ2 and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsMean gestational age and fetal weight were greater in CHD fetuses (26.5 weeks, 1119.4 g; n = 81, P < .001) compared to controls (23.1 weeks, 675 g; n = 170, P < .001). UVVF/fetal weight was nevertheless decreased among cases (99.8 vs 115.3 mL/min/kg, P < .001). Subgroup analysis of 20‐ to 25‐week fetuses demonstrated no significant differences in case and control baseline characteristics. In CHD fetuses (n = 31) compared to controls (n = 144), absolute UVVF (50.8 vs 62.1 mL/min, P = .006), and UVVF/fetal weight (98.8 vs 118.5 mL/min/kg, P < .001) were decreased. Findings were similar in single ventricle (n = 24) and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n = 14).ConclusionMid‐gestational placental blood flow in CHD fetuses is decreased compared to controls. Further study is needed to explore the relationship between UVVF and placental pathology, and impact on outcomes.
Monitoring of polymer content in an emulsion polymerization using spatially resolved spectroscopy in the near infrared region and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gheghiani Manis , Caillol Noémie , Henrot Serge , McKenna Timothy F. L. , Sheibat‐Othman Nida 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe potential of spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS) for in situ monitoring is evaluated in this work. SRS is based on near‐infrared spectroscopy. It is well adapted to heterogeneous systems and collects information about both physical and chemical properties. In this work, the polymer content in emulsion copolymerization is predicted using SRS. The reaction was first carried out in batch mode for particle nucleation followed by semi‐continuous monomer addition under starved conditions to allow particle growth. SRS and Raman spectroscopy are compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of both methods are highlighted, revealing that each method has its own benefits. Different operating conditions were varied, including the monomer ratio, the surfactant mass fraction, and the agitation speed. Regression models were developed using partial least square for both techniques.
Proteomics Analysis Indicates Greater Abundance of Proteins Involved in Major Metabolic Pathways in Lactuca sativa cv. Salinas than Lactuca serriola Accession US96UC23
Authors: Adhikari Neil D. , Eriksen Renée L. , Shi Ainong , Mou Beiquan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLettuce (Lactuca sativa), cultivated mainly for its edible leaves and stems, is an important vegetable crop worldwide. Genomes of cultivated lettuce (L. sativa cv. Salinas) and its wild relative L. serriola accession US96UC23 are sequenced, but a clear understanding of the genetic basis for divergence in phenotypes of the two species is lacking. Tandem mass tag (TMT) based mass spectrometry is used to quantitatively compare protein levels between these two species. Four‐day old seedlings is transplanted into 500 mL pots filled with soil. Plants are grown for 8 weeks under 250 µmol m−2 sec−1 continuous light, 20 °C and relative humidity between 50–70%. Leaf discs (1 cm diameter) from three individuals per biological replicate are analyzed. A total of 3000 proteins are identified, of which the levels of 650 are significantly different between ‘Salinas’ and US96UC23. Pathway analysis indicated a higher flux of carbon in ‘Salinas’ than US96UC23. Many essential metabolic pathways such as tetrapyrrole metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis are upregulated in ‘Salinas’ compared with US96UC23. This study provides a reference proteome for researchers interested in understanding lettuce biology and improving traits for cultivation.