bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The structure of hereditary diseases in children hospitalized in a specialized clinic
Authors: Nikolaeva E. A. , Bochenkov S. V. , Dantsev I. S. , Kuramagomedova R. G. , Blokhina M. A. , Zabrodina A. R. , Kharabadze M. N. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: to analyze the structure of hereditary pathology and the results of genetic studies in children in a specialized clinic.Results.1045 children from 79 regions of the Russian Federation were examined and treated in the pediatric department of congenital and hereditary diseases in 2018. There were 25% of patients from Moscow and Moscow region and 75% from other territories. After examination all patients were divided into 2 large cohorts: patients with hereditary diseases diagnosed by clinical and laboratory data (737 children; 70%) and patients with undifferentiated pathological conditions with unclear genesis at the time of discharge from the hospital (308 children; 30%). In the cohort of hereditary diseases there were the most numerous (about 100 children in each) groups of patients with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, imperfect osteogenesis and rare heterogeneous genetic syndromes. The groups of rickets- like diseases, chromosomal syndromes and Rett syndrome included 50-70 patients. Other groups were smaller. Half of the hospitalized patients required genetic analysis. The highest percentage of molecular genetically / cytogenetically confirmed diagnoses was found in the groups of chromosomal diseases, rare genetic syndromes of lysosomal and mitochondrial diseases, Rett syndrome, and aminoacidopathy. It is worth mentioning that a primary diagnosis was not established during a genetic study in 57 children (18%) children from the general cohort of patients with hereditary diseases, so the researchers used other methods of analysis or bioinformatic revision of the results.Conclusion: The authors found a large variety of genetic diseases in children requiring examination and treatment in a specialized hospital. 1/5 of the examined children require additional genetic testing or repeated bioinformatic interpretation of the data.
Diagnostics of myocardial damage in premature newborns with transient heart disease in the early neonatal period
Authors: Vazemiller O. A. , Vaganov A. A. , Golubenko N. K. , Aksanova R. Kh. , Salmina A. B. , Emelyanchik E. Yu. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose. To assess frequency and severity of myocardial damage in premature infants with transient myocardial ischemia in the early neonatal period.Materials and methods. The study includes 73 newborns of a gestational age of 31–36 weeks with respiratory failure and oxygen dependence in the first 2 hours of life. Newborns are divided into groups: Group 1: classic electrocardiographic criteria of transient myocardial ischemia and an increase in the level of troponin I in the blood; Group 2: electrocardiographic criteria for transient myocardial ischemia and a normal level of troponin I; Group 3: no ECG changes and normal troponin I level. We assessed blood gases, conducted electrocardiography, determined troponin I in the blood on the 1st and 7th day of life, assesses duration of oxygen therapy in all the children.Results. Group I: troponin I concentration on the 7th day of life – 0.415 [0.222; 0.639] ng/ml, Group II – 0.073 [0.051; 0.104] ng/ml and Group III – 0.017 [0.006; 0.051] ng/ml. Transient myocardial ischemia was detected in 41% of examined patients, and destructive myocardial changes – in 21.9%. An analysis of the gas composition of blood in the first 2 hours demonstrated that there was a significant predominance of the level of bases in the children of Group I. The duration of artificial ventilation in children of Group I was 56 [3; 96] hours, exceeding the indicators of children of Group II (9 [8; 11]) by 5 times, and Group III (20.5 [13; 72]) – by 2.5 times. Also newborns in Group I experienced a maximum need for oxygen therapy through a mask.Conclusion. 21.9% of premature infants experience destructive myocardial changes against the background of transient myocardial ischemia; newborns with transient myocardial ischemia and destructive changes have a significantly more pronounced metabolic acidosis in the first hours of life and a longer need for oxygen therapy.
Antibiotic resistance genes removal and membrane fouling in secondary effluents by combined processes of PAC/BPAC–UF
Authors: Sun Lihua , Shi Pengfei , He Ning , Zhang Qiwei , Duan Xi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as emerging environmental contaminants, are becoming a threat to human health. In this study, the combined processes of powdered activated carbon (PAC)/biological PAC (BPAC)–ultrafiltration (UF) were adopted to reduce the levels of ARGs in secondary effluents from a wastewater treatment plant. The removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the change of normalized flux in the UF process were investigated. In addition, the structural characteristics of the microorganisms of the BPAC were analyzed. The results showed that the appropriate dosage of PAC and BPAC was 40 mg/L. At this dosage, PAC/BPAC–UF combined processes could effectively remove the ARGs in secondary effluents by 1.26–2.69-log and 1.55–2.97-log, respectively; and the removal rates of DOC would be 60.7% and 54.1%, respectively. Relative to the direct UF, the membrane fluxes of the two combined processes were increased by 15.6% and 25.1%, respectively. Significant removal correlations were found between ARGs, intI1, DOC and 16SrDNA. These results revealed that the PAC/BPAC–UF combined process might play a promising role in ARG reduction in secondary effluents from wastewater treatment plants.
Quantitative assessment of urban flood disaster vulnerability based on text data: case study in Zhengzhou
Authors: Wu Zening , Shen Yanxia , Wang Huiliang , Wu Meimei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Planning to evaluate flood disaster vulnerability is a crucial step towards risk mitigation and adaptation. In this study, the vulnerability curve model was established with one highly popular area of research in mind: big data. Web crawler technology was used to extract text information related to floods from Internet and social media platforms. Based on the three indicators of rainfall intensity, duration and coverage area, the heavy rainfall index was calculated, while the comprehensive disaster index was calculated based on the affected population, area and direct economic loss. Taking the heavy rainfall index as an independent variable and comprehensive disaster index as a dependent variable, the vulnerability curve of flood disasters was established, and the performance of this model was validated by comparing it with real-life situations. The results show that the relationship between rainfall and disaster is significant, and there is exponential correlation between the heavy rainfall index and comprehensive disaster index. This model is more than 65% accurate, which demonstrates the discriminative power of the established curve model. The results provide some basis for flood control and management in cities.
Analysis of flood peak scaling in mesoscale non-nested basin
Authors: Li Jianzhu , Zhou Keke , Zhang Ting , Ma Qiushuang , Feng Ping 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The study of flood scaling is an important means to solve the problem of flood prediction in ungauged and poorly gauged basins. With the impact of climate change and human activities, the mechanism and process of floods are constantly changing. However, in many areas, there are only simple scaling results that can be used to guide daily work. Taking the Daqinghe River basin as an example, a fixed flood scaling exponent determined in 1974 (before the change point of 1979) is still used all over the basin, which is apparently no longer appropriate. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to explore: (1) the scale relationship between the peak flows and the basin area under changing environments; (2) the validation of the scale invariance theory; (3) the physical relationship between the event-based scaling theory and the annual flood quantile-based scaling theory in the mesoscale non-nested and partly nested basins; and (4) the modification of the existing uniform flood scaling exponent in the study area. To achieve these objectives, eight simultaneous observed flood events in seven non-nested and partly nested mesoscale sub-basins of the Daqinghe River basin were selected to analyze the flood scaling theory. The results showed that there was a scaling relationship between the flood peaks and watershed area for the flood events, and the scale invariance theory was also supported herein. To analyze the effect of the environmental conditions on flood scaling in the Daqinghe River basin, the flood events were reconstructed after the change point (the year 1979). It was found that the flood scaling exponents of the reconstructed flood events are larger than those of the observed events after the change point. The flood scaling exponent changed with flood events, varying from 0.65 to 1.26 when considering the basin area as the independent variable, and decreasing with a minimum of 0.36 when taking the rainfall characteristics into consideration. It was also found that the mean of the event-based scaling exponents is larger than the annual flood quantile-based scaling exponents.
Examination of the Role of miR-23a in the Development of Thermotolerance
Authors: Roufayel Rabih , Kadry Seifedine 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Thermotolerance is an acquired state of increased heat
resistance that occurs following exposure to non-lethal proteotoxic stress. A large body
of evidences implicates that molecular chaperon members belonging to the heat shock
protein family could be acting as potential mediators of the thermotolerant state.

Objective:
Recent evidence has demonstrated heat shock proteins HSP90, HSP70 and
HSP27 have inhibited heat-induced cell death by intervening at various steps in stressinduced
apoptotic pathways. Previous studies have shown that HSP70 prevented heatinduced
apoptosis by preventing the NOXA dependent decrease in MCL-1 levels leading
to both BAX activation and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. We have also
demonstrated that HSP70 expressing cells have enhanced levels of miR-23a prevent
heat-induced increase in NOXA levels and suppress apoptosis.

Methods:
Stably transfected cell lines expressing either a control shRNA or a miR-23a
targeting shRNA are quantified using both RT-PCR and semi-quantitative RT-PCR to
determine the effect of different hyperthermic exposure treatment on miR-23a and Noxa
mRNA expression levels.

Results:
This study shows that thermotolerant-induced pre-heat shock treatment is
capable of increasing miR-23a levels. Furthermore, stable cell clones expressing a miR-
23a targeting shRNA having reduced miR-23a levels are incapable of developing a
thermotolerance state, leading to apoptosis.

Conclusion:
These results demonstrate the novel finding that miR-23a is an important
factor in the development of the thermotolerant state.
Simultaneous Determination of Medicinal Drugs with Overlapping Profiles Contained in Low Chromatographic Resolution Data using HPLC-DAD and Multivariate Curve Resolution
Authors: Mazivila Sarmento J. , da Silva Joaquim C.G. Esteves , Páscoa Ricardo N.M.J. , Leitão João M.M. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The increasing demand of effective pharmaceutical products directed to
fight against malaria lead to the combination of at least two antimalarial drugs. This combination
aims to minimize the Plasmodium falciparum resistance which is found when the most frequently
used drugs are taken individually. Within this context, proguanil hydrochloride and chloroquine
phosphate which have independent modes of action are taken together to prevent malaria. This paper
aims to develop a fast and powerful analytical method for the simultaneous determination of
proguanil hydrochloride and chloroquine phosphate in the commercial Paludrine/Avloclor dosage
forms using a multi-way chromatographic calibration based on high-performance liquid chromatography
with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and multivariate curve resolution – alternating leastsquares
(MCR-ALS).

Methods:
A rapid and powerful analytical method based on HPLC-DAD and MCR-ALS was developed
for the simultaneous quantification of proguanil hydrochloride and chloroquine phosphate in
the commercial Paludrine/Avloclor antimalarial drugs. An isocratic mobile phase composed by 0.2
M ammonium acetate, acetonitrile, and methanol (40:25:35) and a flow rate of 1.2 mL min-1 were
employed in the chromatographic runs with an elution time about 5 min.

Results:
This approach demonstrates that chromatographic analysis may become considerably simpler
and economical in terms of time, cost, and organic solvent consumption when coupled to multiway
calibration models such as MCR-ALS. In fact, this multi-way chromatographic calibration based
on second-order HPLC-DAD data matrices (with extremely low chromatographic resolution) and
MCR-ALS allows the development of greener analytical methods for complex samples. The proposed
analytical method allowed the simultaneous quantification of two antimalarial APIs present in
the commercial Paludrine/Avloclor drugs with low REP values below 8% for the simultaneous determination
of proguanil hydrochloride and chloroquine phosphate.

Conclusion:
The proposed multi-way chromatographic strategy can be used for routine control of
pharmaceutical dosage forms. It should be highlighted that MCR-ALS allowed to: (a) achieve the second-
order advantage and the quantification of analytes in the presence of uncalibrated compounds
such as coeluted profile measured in different magnitude of the signal in each successive chromatographic
run and significant overlapping profiles and (b) separate the contribution of several components
from chromatographic runs with extremely low separation of peaks through the deconvolution
of the signal obtained, performing the so-called mathematical chromatography.
Simultaneous Determination of Seven Active Components in Desheng Pills by High-performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Xu Yang , Yang Huailei , Shan Baiyu , Fang Kuo , Li Mingyu , Wang Fang , Bao Huiwei 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Desheng pills (DSP) consist of six traditional Chinese medicine. This preparation
is used fornourishing blood, eliminating stasis, soothing liver and regulating menstruation, and can
also be used to treat menoxenia and dysmenorrhea caus ed by qi stagnation and blood stasis.

Objective:
In this paper, an accurate and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array
detector (HPLC-DAD) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of
seven active components (gallic acid, paeoniflorin, costunolide, dehydrocostuslactone, rutin, leonurine
hydrochloride and ferulic acid) in the traditional Chinese formula-Desheng pills.

Methods:
The seven analytes were separated on Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (250mm× 4.6mm,
5μm) maintained at the temperature of 30. Gradient elution was performed with the mobile phase of
methanol (A)-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (B) at the flow rate of 1.0mL·min-1. The analysis was carried
out at the wavelength of 225 nm, 256 nm, 277 nm and 320 nm with an injection volume of 10 μL.

Results:
The measured seven components showed good linear relationships within their own concentration
ranges along with coefficients of determination ≥0.9996. The limits of detection and quantitation
of all analytes were in the range of 0.19-13.51 μg/mL and 0.59-40.93 μg/mL, respectively. Average
recoveries ranged from 98.82% to 102.01% with RSDs of 1.47%-1.99%. The content of tested
components was in the range of 0.053-0.421 mg/g.

Conclusion:
The proposed method was found to be sensitive, accurate and reproducible, which provided
an effective quantitative analytical method for quality control of Desheng pills.
Onychomycosis: An Updated Review
Authors: Leung Alexander K.C. , Lam Joseph M. , Leong Kin F. , Hon Kam L. , Barankin Benjamin , Leung Amy A.M. , Wong Alex H.C. 
Published: November 2019

Background :Onychomycosis is a common fungal infection of the nail.Objective:The study aimed to provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of onychomycosis.Methods:A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key term “onychomycosis”. The search was conducted in May 2019. The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published within the past 20 years. The search was restricted to English literature. Patents were searched using the key term “onychomycosis” in www.freepatentsonline.com.Results :Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit. Approximately 90% of toenail and 75% of fingernail onychomycosis are caused by dermatophytes, notably Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum. Clinical manifestations include discoloration of the nail, subungual hyperkeratosis, onycholysis, and onychauxis. The diagnosis can be confirmed by direct microscopic examination with a potassium hydroxide wet-mount preparation, histopathologic examination of the trimmed affected nail plate with a periodic-acid-Schiff stain, fungal culture, or polymerase chain reaction assays. Laboratory confirmation of onychomycosis before beginning a treatment regimen should be considered. Currently, oral terbinafine is the treatment of choice, followed by oral itraconazole. In general, topical monotherapy can be considered for mild to moderate onychomycosis and is a therapeutic option when oral antifungal agents are contraindicated or cannot be tolerated. Recent patents related to the management of onychomycosis are also discussed.Conclusion:Oral antifungal therapies are effective, but significant adverse effects limit their use. Although topical antifungal therapies have minimal adverse events, they are less effective than oral antifungal therapies, due to poor nail penetration. Therefore, there is a need for exploring more effective and/or alternative treatment modalities for the treatment of onychomycosis which are safer and more effective.
Performance Analysis of Energy Efficient Opportunistic Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Chithaluru Premkumar , Tiwari Rajeev , Kumar Kamal 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Energy Efficient wireless routing has been an area of research particularly to mitigate challenges surrounding performance in category of Wireless Networks.

Objectives:
The Opportunistic Routing (OR) technique was explored in recent times and exhibits benefits over many existing protocols and can significantly reduce energy consumption during data communication with very limited compromise on performance.

Methods :
Using broadcasting nature of the wireless medium, OR practices to discourse two foremost issues of variable link quality and unpredictable node agility in constrained WSNs. OR has a potential to reduce delay in order to increase the consistency of data delivery in network.

Results :
Various OR based routing protocols have shown varying performances. In this paper, a detailed conceptual and experimental analysis is carried out on different protocols that uses OR technique for providing more clear and definitive view on performance parameters like Message Success Rate, Packet Delivery Ratio and Energy Consumption.
Studies on X-Ray Diffraction, Thermogravimetric Stability, Antibacterial- Antifungal Activity of Fe(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) Metal Chloroquine Complexes Against Bacterial Strains and Fungal Spore
Authors: Kadam Mukesh Shankarrao , Khiste Sachin Atmaram , Dake Satish Ashruba , Khade Bhimrao Chintamanrao 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Synthesis of new coordination complexes has gained a great interest of
the inorganic chemists as well as researchers.

Methods:
A literature survey has revealed that main group elements as well as transition metals
with ligand like Schiff’s base and many drug have the ability to form a coordinate bond. 3d-series
of metal complex with chloroquine as a ligand was synthesized (ML2) stoichiometrically and characterized
by conductivity, melting point, UV-spectra, TGA and X-ray analysis of coordination
complexes and anti-microbial activity.

Results:
The synthesized metal complex was evaluated for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity
against the bacterial strains such as Plasmodium falciparum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.
coli, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger.

Conclusion:
The metal complex shows very potential antibacterial as well as antifungal activity
like a commercial drug. Inorganic chemistry gives us good opportunities to use metal complexes as
Pharmacological agents.
MiR-181a Reduces Platelet Activation via the Inhibition of Endogenous RAP1B
Authors: Dahiya Neetu , Atreya Chintamani D. 
Published: November 2019

Aim:
Since RAP1B is critical for platelet functions, including hemostasis, this study was
conducted to identify RAP1B regulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in ex vivo stored platelets.

Background:
Previous studies with platelets identified factors affecting RAP1B activity but
regulatory miRNAs that affect RAP1B protein expression have not been reported.

Objective :
To understand the functional significance of miRNA mediated regulation of RAP1B in
stored platelets, using microRNA, miR-181a as an example.

Methods:
A Tagged RNA Affinity approach (MS2-TRAP) was employed to identify miRNAs that
bound to the 3` untranslated region (3`UTR) of the RAP1B mRNA in HeLa cells as an assay system.
And subsequently, the mRNA 3’UTR:miRNA interactions were verified in platelets through the ectopic
expression of miR-181a mimic and appropriate controls. The interaction of such miRNAs with
RAP1B mRNA was also validated by qRT-PCR and Western analysis.

Results:
Sixty-two miRNAs from MS2 assay were then compared with already known 171 platelet
abundant miRNAs to identify a common set of miRNAs. This analysis yielded six miRNAs (miR-
30e, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-206, miR-208a and miR-454), which are also predicted to target
RAP1B mRNA. From this pool, miR-181a was selected for further study since RAP1B harbors two
binding sites for miR-181a in its 3′UTR. Ectopic expression of miR-181a mimic in platelets resulted
in lowering the endogenous RAP1B at both mRNA and protein levels. Further, miR-181a ectopic
expression reduced the surface expression of the platelet activation marker, P-selectin.

Conclusion:
MicroRNA-181a can target RAP1B and this interaction has the potential to regulate
platelet activation during storage.