bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions in the E7 countries: a bootstrap ARDL bound test
Authors: Tong Teng , Ortiz Jaime , Xu Chuanhua , Li Fangjhy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundInternational awareness of the impact of global warming and climate change is increasing. Developing countries face the task of achieving sustainable economic growth while also improving the efficiency of their energy consumption. The E7 countries (Brazil, India, Indonesia, Mexico, People’s Republic of China, Russia, and Turkey) are all highly concerned with the promotion of carbon-emission-reduction strategies.MethodsThis research uses a bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test with structural breaks to examine the cointegration and causality relations between economic growth, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the E7 countries.ResultsThere is no cointegration between economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2emissions for People’s Republic of China, Indonesia, Mexico, and Turkey. Evidence of cointegration is found for Brazil when CO2emissions are the dependent variable and for India and Russia when energy consumption is the dependent variable. For all of the E7 countries except Indonesia, short-run Granger causality was found to exist from energy consumption to CO2emissions and from economic growth to CO2emissions for Brazil, India, Mexico, and People’s Republic of China. Short-run Granger causality was also found from economic growth to energy consumption for Brazil, India, Indonesia, Mexico, and People’s Republic of China, and from CO2emissions to energy consumption for all E7 countries.ConclusionsThe results consistently show that energy consumption is the main cause of CO2emissions, which has led to the emergence of global warming problems. Increases in CO2emissions compel the E7 countries to develop sound policies on energy consumption and environmental pollution.
Genetic and metabolic links between the murine microbiome and memory
Authors: Mao Jian-Hua , Kim Young-Mo , Zhou Yan-Xia , Hu Dehong , Zhong Chenhan , Chang Hang , Brislawn Colin J. , Fansler Sarah , Langley Sasha , Wang Yunshan , Peisl B. Y. Loulou , Celniker Susan E. , Threadgill David W. , Wilmes Paul , Orr Galya , Metz Thomas O. , Jansson Janet K. , Snijders Antoine M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent evidence has linked the gut microbiome to host behavior via the gut–brain axis [1–3]; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. Here, we determined the links between host genetics, the gut microbiome and memory using the genetically defined Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse cohort, complemented with microbiome and metabolomic analyses in conventional and germ-free (GF) mice.

Results
A genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) identified 715 of 76,080 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were significantly associated with short-term memory using the passive avoidance model. The identified SNPs were enriched in genes known to be involved in learning and memory functions. By 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the gut microbial community in the same CC cohort, we identified specific microorganisms that were significantly correlated with longer latencies in our retention test, including a positive correlation with Lactobacillus. Inoculation of GF mice with individual species of Lactobacillus (L. reuteri F275, L. plantarum BDGP2 or L. brevis BDGP6) resulted in significantly improved memory compared to uninoculated or E. coli DH10B inoculated controls. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed significantly higher levels of several metabolites, including lactate, in the stools of Lactobacillus-colonized mice, when compared to GF control mice. Moreover, we demonstrate that dietary lactate treatment alone boosted memory in conventional mice. Mechanistically, we show that both inoculation with Lactobacillus or lactate treatment significantly increased the levels of the neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), in the hippocampus of the mice.

Conclusion
Together, this study provides new evidence for a link between Lactobacillus and memory and our results open possible new avenues for treating memory impairment disorders using specific gut microbial inoculants and/or metabolites.
Accuracy of a reverse dot blot hybridization assay for simultaneous detection of the resistance of four anti-tuberculosis drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from China
Authors: Wan Li , Guo Qian , Wei Jian-Hao , Liu Hai-Can , Li Ma-Chao , Jiang Yi , Zhao Li-Li , Zhao Xiu-Qin , Liu Zhi-Guang , Wan Kang-Lin , Li Gui-Lian , Guan Cha-Xiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Drug resistant tuberculosis poses a great challenge for tuberculosis control worldwide. Timely determination of drug resistance and effective individual treatment are essential for blocking the transmission of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We aimed to establish and evaluate the accuracy of a reverse dot blot hybridization (RDBH) assay to simultaneously detect the resistance of four anti-tuberculosis drugs in M. tuberculosis isolated in China.

Methods
In this study, we applied a RDBH assay to simultaneously detect the resistance of rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), streptomycin (SM) and ethambutol (EMB) in 320 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates and compared the results to that from phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) and sequencing. The RDBH assay was designed to test up to 42 samples at a time. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compute the statistical measures of the RDBH assay using the phenotypic DST or sequencing as the gold standard method, and Kappa identity test was used to determine the consistency between the RDBH assay and the phenotypic DST or sequencing.

Results
The results showed that the concordances between phenotypic DST and RDBH assay were 95% for RIF, 92.8% for INH, 84.7% for SM, 77.2% for EMB and the concordances between sequencing and RDBH assay were 97.8% for RIF, 98.8% for INH, 99.1% for SM, 93.4% for EMB. Compared to the phenotypic DST results, the sensitivity and specificity of the RDBH assay for resistance detection were 92.4 and 98.5% for RIF, 90.3 and 97.3% for INH, 77.4 and 91.5% for SM, 61.4 and 85.7% for EMB, respectively; compared to sequencing, the sensitivity and specificity of the RDBH assay were 97.7 and 97.9% for RIF, 97.9 and 100.0% for INH, 97.8 and 100.0% for SM, 82.6 and 99.1% for EMB, respectively. The turnaround time of the RDBH assay was 7 h for testing 42 samples.

Conclusions
Our data suggested that the RDBH assay could serve as a rapid and efficient method for testing the resistance of M. tuberculosis against RIF, INH, SM and EMB, enabling early administration of appropriate treatment regimens to the affected drug resistant tuberculosis patients.
Application of machine learning in ophthalmic imaging modalities
Authors: Tong Yan , Lu Wei , Yu Yue , Shen Yin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn clinical ophthalmology, a variety of image-related diagnostic techniques have begun to offer unprecedented insights into eye diseases based on morphological datasets with millions of data points. Artificial intelligence (AI), inspired by the human multilayered neuronal system, has shown astonishing success within some visual and auditory recognition tasks. In these tasks, AI can analyze digital data in a comprehensive, rapid and non-invasive manner. Bioinformatics has become a focus particularly in the field of medical imaging, where it is driven by enhanced computing power and cloud storage, as well as utilization of novel algorithms and generation of data in massive quantities. Machine learning (ML) is an important branch in the field of AI. The overall potential of ML to automatically pinpoint, identify and grade pathological features in ocular diseases will empower ophthalmologists to provide high-quality diagnosis and facilitate personalized health care in the near future. This review offers perspectives on the origin, development, and applications of ML technology, particularly regarding its applications in ophthalmic imaging modalities.
Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Metastatic Prostate Cancer With DNA Repair Gene Alterations
Authors: Mota Jose Mauricio , Barnett Ethan , Nauseef Jones T. , Nguyen Bastien , Stopsack Konrad H. , Wibmer Andreas , Flynn Jessica R. , Heller Glenn , Danila Daniel C. , Rathkopf Dana , Slovin Susan , Kantoff Philip W. , Scher Howard I. , Morris Michael J. , Schultz Nikolaus , Solit David B. , Abida Wassim 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE Alterations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes occur in up to 25% of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and may sensitize to platinum chemotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in DDR-mutant (DDRmut) mCRPC. METHODS We assessed response to platinum chemotherapy based on DDR gene alteration status in men with mCRPC who underwent tumor and germline genomic profiling. Patients with deleterious alterations in a gene panel that included BRCA2, BRCA1, ATM, PALB2, FANCA, and CDK12 were considered DDRmut. RESULTS A total of 109 patients with mCRPC received platinum-based chemotherapy between October 2013 and July 2018. Sixty-four of 109 patients were taxane refractory and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) naïve. Within this subset, DDRmut was found in 16/64 patients (25%) and was associated with an increased likelihood of achieving a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline of 50% or more from baseline (PSA50; odds ratio, 7.0; 95% CI, 1.9 to 29.2). Time on platinum chemotherapy tended to be longer in the DDRmut group (median, 3.0 v 1.6 months; hazard ratio, 0.55, 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.24). No difference in survival was detected. Of 8 patients with DDRmut disease who received platinum-based therapy after a PARPi, 3/7 evaluable patients had radiographic partial response or stable disease, and 2/7 had a PSA50 response. None of 4 patients with ATM mutations had platinum responses regardless of prior PARPi exposure. CONCLUSION Patients with DDRmut disease had better response to platinum-based chemotherapy, suggesting that DDR status warrants prospective validation as a potential biomarker for patient selection. Responses to platinum chemotherapy were observed in BRCA-altered prostate cancer after PARPi progression. Additional studies are needed to determine the predictive role of individual genes on platinum sensitivity in the context of other clinical and genomic factors.
Thyroid Cancer Incidence in India Between 2006 and 2014 and Impact of Overdiagnosis
Authors: Panato Chiara , Vaccarella Salvatore , Dal Maso Luigino , Basu Partha , Franceschi Silvia , Serraino Diego , Wang Kevin , Lei Feitong , Chen Quan , Huang Bin , Mathew Aju 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Context/Objective
Increases of thyroid cancer (TC) incidence emerged in the past several decades in several countries. This study aimed to estimate time trends of TC incidence in India and the proportion of TC cases potentially attributable to overdiagnosis by sex, age, and area.

Design
TC cases aged 0 to 74 years reported to Indian cancer registries during 2006 through 2014 were included. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) and TC overdiagnosis were estimated by sex, period, age, and area.

Results
Between 2006-2008 and 2012-2014, the ASRs for TC in India increased from 2.5 to 3.5/100,000 women (+37%) and from 1.0 to 1.3/100,000 men (+27%). However, up to a 10-fold difference was found among regions in both sexes. Highest ASRs emerged in Thiruvananthapuram (14.6/100,000 women and 4.1/100,000 men in 2012-2014), with 93% increase in women and 64% in men compared with 2006-2008. No evidence of overdiagnosis was found in Indian men. Conversely, overdiagnosis accounted for 51% of TC in Indian women: 74% in those aged &lt; 35 years, 50% at ages 35 to 54 years, and 30% at ages 55 to 64 years. In particular, 80% of TC overdiagnosis in women emerged in Thiruvananthapuram, whereas none or limited evidence of overdiagnosis emerged in Kamrup, Dibrugarh, Bhopal, or Sikkim.

Conclusions
Relatively high and increasing TC ASRs emerged in Indian regions where better access to health care was reported. In India, as elsewhere, new strategies are needed to discourage opportunistic screening practice, particularly in young women, and to avoid unnecessary and expensive treatments. Present results may serve as a warning also for other transitioning countries.
Molecular Pathways Involved in Aerobic Exercise Training Enhance Vascular Relaxation
Authors: PAULA SULIANA M. , FERNANDES TIAGO , COUTO GISELE K. , JORDÃO MARIA T. , OLIVEIRA EDILAMAR M. , MICHELINI LISETE C. , ROSSONI LUCIANA VENTURINI 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The beneficial effects of exercise training on the cardiovascular system are well known. Because our knowledge of exercise-induced vascular function is still limited, we aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms conditioning the improved vascular relaxation in muscular arteries.

Methods
Male Wistar–Kyoto rats with the same ability to run on a treadmill after maximal exercise tests were allocated to the following two groups: trained (Tr) (treadmill, 50%–60% of maximal capacity, 5 d·wk−1) and untrained (UnTr). After 13 wk, the femoral arteries were harvested and used for functional, structural, and molecular analyses.

Results
Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced relaxation and nitric oxide (NO) production were enhanced in arteries from Tr rats compared with UnTr rats. Tr arteries exhibited reduced microRNA (miRNA)-124a expression (whose target is caveolin-1), increased the density of caveolae aligned along the sarcolemma and reduced ACh-induced relaxation in the presence of methyl-β-cyclodextrin, which disrupts caveolae. Higher endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression with lower miRNA-155 expression and the posttranslational modification of eNOS (phosphorylation of stimulatory Ser1177 and dephosphorylation of inhibitory Thr495) by the PI3-kinase/Akt1/2/3 pathway also contributed to the higher NO production induced by exercise training. Furthermore, increased Cu/Zn- and extracellular-superoxide dismutase expression and enhanced effects of their pharmacological scavenger activity on the ACh-induced response were observed in Tr arteries.

Conclusions
The results of the present study provide a molecular basis for exercise-induced NO bioavailability in healthy femoral arteries. Increased caveolae domain and eNOS expression/activity in Tr arteries are associated with downregulation of miRNA-124a and -155, as well as are involved with higher antioxidant defense, subsequently inducing a favorable endothelium-dependent milieu in Tr arteries.
Effect of Strength Training on Glycemic Control and Adiponectin in Diabetic Children
Authors: PETSCHNIG RENATE , WAGNER THOMAS , ROBUBI ARMIN , BARON RAMON 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the effect of isolated supervised progressive resistance training with duration of more than 32 wk on muscle strength, metabolic control and adiponectin.

Method
Twenty-one children with type 1 diabetes mellitus were separated into an intervention group (IG) (n = 11 age 11.0 ± 0.8) and a control group (CG) (n = 10 age 11.30 ± 0.7) without training to control for the effect of progressive resistance training on muscle strength, hemoglobin (HbA)1C and adiponectin. All parameters were assessed before and after a period of 32 wk. No attempt was made to change diet and the daily behaviors during the study in both groups.

Results
After a period of 32 wk, upper and lower limb strength increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the IG, whereas no changes occurred in the CG. In the IG, HbA1C decreased significantly after 32 wk but not after 17 wk (P < 0.00), whereas HbA1C increased in the CG (P < 0.007). Adiponectin increased significantly (P < 0.000) only in the IG. Self-monitored blood glucose levels, measured before and after each session, showed a significant reduction (P < 0.00) of 26.5% ± 4.4% after each session. Effect size (ES) for the strength training on limb strength was medium (d = 0.464 to d = 0.661), the ES for strength training on HbA1C (d = −1.292) and the ES for strength training on adiponectin (d = 1.34) was large. There was no hypoglycemia as the result of training.

Conclusions
An isolated supervised progressive resistance training two times a week in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus must last at least 32 wk to get a significant decrease in blood glucose level HbA1C. In addition, exercise-induced increase in adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity.
Literatura i literaturoznawstwo regionów
Authors: Browarny Wojciech 
Published: April 2020

Regional Literature and Literary Studies: Towards Polylogue, Openness and Commitment
The paper discusses the phenomenon of “decentralization” of literature and literary culture in Poland after 1989. The author focuses his attention on regional cultural magazines, literature in selected regions as well as on regionalism in literary studies. He analyzes their relationship with the activation and empowerment of local intellectual and literary communities, the transformation of their social identity and the revision of history and collective memory. Literature and literary studies of the regions, according to the author, contributed to the transformation of Polish culture, creating in it a space for the voice of minorities, migrants, expellees and inhabitants of the borderlands.
The influence of laterality, sex and family history on clubfoot severity
Authors: Salvatori Giada , Bettuzzi Camilla , Abati Caterina Novella , Cucca Giuseppe , Zanardi Alessandro , Lampasi Manuele 
Published: April 2020

Purpose Epidemiological studies on idiopathic clubfeet have shown a typical distribution consistent across ethnic groups: bilaterality in about 50% of cases and a male to female ratio of 2:1. Whether this corresponds also to differences in severity according to laterality and sex has been poorly evaluated. As well, the correlation between family history and severity has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate how laterality, sex and family history influence severity and treatment. Methods In all, 97 infants with idiopathic clubfoot (81 male, 16 female; 55 unilateral, 42 bilateral; 19 with a first or second-degree relative affected) consecutively treated with Ponseti method were prospectively enrolled. Initial severity (according to Dimeglio and Pirani scores) and treatment (number of casts and need for tenotomy) were analyzed in the different subgroups. Results Initial severity according to Pirani (p = 0.020) and Dimeglio score (p = 0.006), number of casts (p = 0.000) and tenotomy (p = 0.045) were significantly higher in bilateral than in unilateral cases. In bilateral cases, a significant correlation was found between the right and left foot of each patient in terms of initial severity, number of casts and tenotomy performed. No statistically significant difference was found according to sex and family history. Conclusions This study has confirmed the different behaviour of bilateral cases reported by previous studies; bilateral cases are more severe and show similar features in their right and left foot. This could be the result of different pathogenic mechanisms, likely on a genetic basis. Sex and family history did not seem to influence severity. Level of Evidence Level of evidence II
Development of an ultra-compact optical combiner for augmented reality using geometric phase lenses
Authors: Cui Wei , Chang Chenliang , Gao Liang 
Published: April 2020

We present an ultra-compact optical combiner using a waveguide and geometric phase lenses (GPL) for augmented reality displays. By sandwiching the output coupler of a planar waveguide between two flat, thin GPLs, we create two optical sub-systems with different optical powers for displaying the virtual objects and transmitting the ambient light rays, respectively. We implemented our method in a scanning-based Maxwellian display and demonstrated the augmentation of an all-in-focus Maxwellian-view image with real-world objects within a 15° field of view. Our device is light (50 g) and thin (4 mm), making it well suited for wearable applications.
Novel spectral-shaping building block: a narrowband Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Davis Jordan A. , Li Ang , Alshamrani Naif , Fainman Yeshaiahu 
Published: April 2020

We present an experimental demonstration of notch filters with arbitrary center wavelengths capable of tunable analog output power values varying between full extinction of 15 and 0 dB. Each filter is composed of highly modular apodized four-port Bragg add/drop filters to reduce the crosstalk between concatenated devices. The constructed photonic integrated circuit experimentally demonstrates spectra shaping using four independent notch filters. Each notch filter supports a bandwidth of

∼
2

nm

and is shown to be suitable for realization of programmable photonic integrated circuits.
Diseño y Evaluación de Programas Educativos en el Ámbito Social (‘Design and evaluation of educational programs in the social field’), Margarita Pino Juste (ed.) (2017)
Authors: Aguiar Fernández Francisco-Xabier 
Published: April 2020

Review of: Diseño y Evaluación de Programas Educativos en el Ámbito Social (‘Design and evaluation of educational programs in the social field’), Margarita Pino Juste (ed.) (2017)
Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 299 pp.,
ISBN 978-8-49104-729-2, h/bk, €22.80
ISBN 978-8-49104-730-8 8, e/bk, €15.98
SARCOMA DE SÍTIO DE APLICAÇÃO EM FELINOS
Authors: Silva Amanda Trevizan Rodrigues , Stehling Patricia de Castro , Greco Gisela Mara Zambroti , Coelho Mariana de Resende , Nogueira Rodrigo Bernardes 
Published: April 2020

Sarcomas de sítio de aplicação são neoplasias malignas de origem mesenquimal caracterizadas pelo comportamento biológico agressivo. Apesar da extensa pesquisa, a patogênese da doença ainda não está totalmente esclarecida, acredita-se que a administração de vacinas, medicamentos e outros injetáveis no tecido subcutâneo ou intramuscular em gatos predispostos, pode induzir uma reação inflamatória crônica e, posteriormente, a transformação neoplásica. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio da biópsia, porém deve ser feito avaliação da extensão do tumor primário, o estadiamento padrão e a avaliação geral da saúde desses pacientes. A abordagem terapêutica multimodal, associando a excisão cirúrgica radical Ã radioterapia, quimioterapia ou imunoterapia, tem demonstrado melhores resultados. A escolha do local de injeção, frequência de vacinação e recomendações para reduzir a reação inflamatória são considerações importantes para a prevenção. O objetivo desta revisão é fornecer uma visão geral do atual conhecimento sobre sarcoma de sítio de aplicação em felinos.
Pathologies and Dysfunctions of Democracy in the Media Context
Authors: Lopera-Mármol Marta 
Published: April 2020

From 12 to 14 November 2018, Universidade da Beira Interior hosted the II International Conference titled: “Pathologies and Dysfunctions of Democracy in a Mediated Context: the new dystopian imaginary of the 21st century. From Orwell to Black Mirror. From Big Brother to Big Data”.