bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mineralogical control on the magnetic anisotropy of lavas and ignimbrites: a case study in the Caviahue-Copahue field (Argentina)
Authors: Moncinhatto Thiago R , Haag Maurício B , Hartmann Gelvam A , Savian Jairo F , Poletti Wilbor , Sommer Carlos A , Caselli Alberto T , Trindade Ricardo I F 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARY
Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is a petrofabric tool used to estimate the alignment of minerals at the site-scale, the imbrication between the magnetic foliation and the emplacement surface being an indicator of flow direction. However, despite numerous studies examining the flow direction in pyroclastic deposits and lava flows, the effect of magnetic mineralogy and the domain state of ferromagnetic phases on the magnetic fabric remains poorly understood. This paper describes the magnetic mineralogy and its influence on the magnetic fabric of Plio-Pleistocene lava flows and ignimbrites of the Caviahue-Copahue Volcanic Complex in the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone, Argentina. Rock magnetism, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization and petrographic observations were performed on 30 sites of the volcanic complex. Results revealed the extrusive and pyroclastic rocks present varied magnetic mineralogy, formed in different stages of the magmatic evolution. Magnetic mineralogy variations strongly affect the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data in volcanic rocks and associated ignimbrites, providing ‘scattered’ fabrics when late Ti-rich titanomagnetite phases dominate the fabric, and ‘inverse’ or ‘intermediate’ fabrics when single-domain grains are present. ‘Normal’ fabrics are typically found when early crystallized pure magnetite is present. Our results highlight the complexity in the interpretation of magnetic anisotropy data in volcanic rocks and ignimbrites.
Effect of the lateral topographic density distribution on interpretational properties of Bouguer gravity maps
Authors: Rathnayake Samurdhika , Tenzer Robert , Pitoňák Martin , Novák Pavel 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Until recently, the information about the topographic density distribution has been limited to only certain regions and some countries, while missing in the global context. The UNB_TopoDens is the first model that provides the information about a lateral topographic density globally. The analysis of this model also reveals that the average topographic density for the entire continental landmass (excluding polar glaciers) is 2247 kg m−3. This density differs significantly from the value of 2670 kg m−3 that is typically adopted to represent the continental upper crustal density. In this study, we use the UNB_TopoDens density model to inspect how the topographic density variations affect interpretational properties of Bouguer gravity maps. Since this model provides also the information about density uncertainties of individual lithologies (main rock types), we estimate the corresponding errors in the Bouguer gravity data. Despite a new estimate of the average topographic density corresponds to relative changes of ∼16 per cent in values of the topographic gravity correction, these changes do not affect interpretational properties of Bouguer gravity maps. The anomalous topographic density distribution (taken with respect to the average density of 2247 kg m−3), however, modifies the Bouguer gravity pattern. We demonstrate that the gravitational contribution of anomalous topographic density is globally mostly within ± 25 mGal, but much large values are detected in Himalaya, Tibet, central Andes and along the East African Rift System. Our estimates also indicate that errors in the Bouguer gravity data attributed to topographic density uncertainties are mostly less than ± 15 mGal, but in mountainous regions could reach large values exceeding even ± 50 mGal. Unarguably, the UNB_TopoDens model provides an improved information about the global topographic density variations and their uncertainties. Nevertheless, much more in situ measurements of rock density samples together with detailed 3D geological models are still necessary to understand better the actual density distribution within the whole topography, particularly to mention a density change with depth.
Diophantine Property of Matrices and Attractors of Projective Iterated Function Systems in ℝℙ1
Authors: Solomyak Boris , Takahashi Yuki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We prove that almost every finite collection of matrices in $GL_d( \mathbb{R} )$ and $SL_d({\mathbb{R}})$ with positive entries is Diophantine. Next we restrict ourselves to the case $d=2$. A finite set of $SL_2({\mathbb{R}})$ matrices induces a (generalized) iterated function system on the projective line ${\mathbb{RP}}^1$. Assuming uniform hyperbolicity and the Diophantine property, we show that the dimension of the attractor equals the minimum of 1 and the critical exponent.
Equity Finance: Matching Liability to Power
Authors: Goodhart C A E , Lastra R M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this article we question the wisdom of limited liability for all equity holders in the case of banks and systemically important financial institutions (SIFIs), though our proposals could be extended to all public limited companies. Limited liability can be a major source of moral hazard and excessive risk taking—a privilege that allows shareholders to enjoy the upside from their commercial activity while limiting their exposure in the event of failure. We propose that there should be two different classes of equity for banks and SIFIs. The division should be between outsiders, with no inside knowledge of the working of the firm and/or ability to control its decisions, and insiders, who have both the information and capacity to influence corporate decision-making. Outsiders would remain with limited liability, while multiple liability (double, triple, and potentially unlimited) would apply to insiders. The purpose of our proposal is to shift the costs of failure back to those who have responsibility for taking these decisions. The idea of financial liability ‘with teeth’—which is rooted in history—provides an innovative solution that improves the incentives for managers to take responsible decisions, and promotes a radical change in the structure of capitalism—addressing the unfairness of the current system which has enhanced inequality and encouraged populism.
A multicenter randomized phase III study for newly diagnosed maximally resected glioblastoma comparing carmustine wafer implantation followed by chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide with chemoradiotherapy alone; Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG1703 (MACS study)
Authors: Kadota Tomohiro , Saito Ryuta , Kumabe Toshihiro , Mizusawa Junki , Katayama Hiroshi , Sumi Minako , Igaki Hiroshi , Kinoshita Manabu , Komori Takashi , Ichimura Koichi , Narita Yoshitaka , Nishikawa Ryo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A randomized phase III trial in Japan commenced in June 2019. The present standard treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma is maximal resection followed by chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide. The purpose of this study is to confirm the superiority of maximal resection with carmustine wafer implantation followed by chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide over the standard maximal resection followed by chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide in terms of overall survival for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. A total of 250 patients will be accrued from 35 Japanese institutions in 5.5 years. Patients with &gt;90% surgical resection will be registered and randomly assigned to each group with 1:1 allocation. The primary endpoint is overall survival and the secondary endpoints are progression-free survival, loco-regional progression-free survival and incidence of adverse events. This trial has been registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trial, as jRCT1031190035 [https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCT1031190035].
The Octopamine Receptor Is a Possible Target for Eugenol-Induced Hyperactivity in the Blood-Sucking Bug Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Reynoso Mercedes M N , Lucia Alejandro , Zerba Eduardo N , Alzogaray Raúl A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eugenol is a major component of the essential oils in cloves and other aromatic plants. In insects, it produces toxic effects and repellency, and there is evidence that its site of action is the octopamine receptor. The objective of the present study was to explore whether the octopamine receptor is involved in the hyperactivity produced by eugenol in the blood-sucking bug Triatoma infestans (Klug). This insect is the main vector of Chagas disease in Latin America. Four treatments were topically applied on third instar nymphs: 1) octopamine, 2) eugenol, 3) phentolamine hydrochloride (an antagonist of the octopamine receptor) followed by octopamine, and 4) phentolamine hydrochloride followed by eugenol. Both octopamine and eugenol hyperactivated the nymphs. However, pretreatment with phentolamine hydrochloride inhibited the hyperactivating effect of both compounds. These results are in agreement with previous works on Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and the American cockroach. They suggest that the octopamine receptor is a possible site of action for eugenol.
Measurements of Endpoint Titers Based on the Fluorescence Intensity Trend in Anti-Nuclear Antibody Testing
Authors: Won Dong I L 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAutomated systems for antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing provide endpoint titers that are predicted based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) value at a screening dilution (single-well titration [SWT]) showing frequent titration errors (more than plus or minus 1 dilution).MethodsLine slope titration (LST) was based on the trend of FI values on dilutions. Three dilutions per specimen were prepared considering a patient’s previous titer or FI at the screening dilution. On the XY plot, with the reciprocal of dilution as the X-axis and FI value as the Y-axis, a fitted line was drawn to obtain the endpoint titers.ResultsThe titration error rate (no. of errors/total no.) of LST using a regression line was lower than that of SWT (31/710 [4.4%] and 152/674 [22.6%], respectively; P &lt; .000000001), with serial dilution as a reference. When comparing a regression line using 3 dilution points with a line using 2 dilution points, the error rate of the former was not significantly different from that of the latter (31/710 [4.4%] and 31/746 [4.2%], respectively; P = .842).ConclusionsThis LST method is useful as an accurate, cost-effective, and rapid approach to measure endpoint titers in routine ANA testing.
Living Trees: High-Quality Reproducible and Reusable Construction of Bacterial Phylogenetic Trees
Authors: Hu Dalong , Liu Bin , Wang Lei , Reeves Peter R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An ideal bacterial phylogenetic tree accurately retraces evolutionary history and accurately incorporates mutational, recombination and other events on the appropriate branches. Current strain-level bacterial phylogenetic analysis based on large numbers of genomes lacks reliability and resolution, and is hard to be replicated, confirmed and reused, because of the highly divergent nature of microbial genomes. We present SNPs and Recombination Events Tree (SaRTree), a pipeline using six “living trees” modules that addresses problems arising from the high numbers and variable quality of bacterial genome sequences. It provides for reuse of the tree and offers a major step toward global standardization of phylogenetic analysis by generating deposit files including all steps involved in phylogenetic inference. The tree itself is a “living tree” that can be extended by addition of more sequences, or the deposit can be used to vary the programs or parameters used, to assess the effect of such changes. This approach will allow phylogeny papers to meet the traditional responsibility of providing data and analysis that can be repeated and critically evaluated by others. We used the Acinetobacter baumannii global clone I to illustrate use of SaRTree to optimize tree resolution. An Escherichia coli tree was built from 351 sequences selected from 11,162 genome sequences, with the others added back onto well-defined branches, to show how this facility can greatly improve the outcomes from genome sequencing. SaRTree is designed for prokaryote strain-level analysis but could be adapted for other usage.
Peroxiredoxin 6 regulates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway to maintain human sperm viability
Authors: Fernandez Maria C , Yu Alex , Moawad Adel R , O’Flaherty Cristian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes proven to control the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to avoid oxidative damage in the spermatozoon. Previously, we have shown that low amounts of PRDXs are associated with male infertility and that PRDX6 is the primary antioxidant defence in human spermatozoa, maintaining survival and DNA integrity (Gong et al., 2012, Fernandez and O’Flaherty, 2018). Oxidative stress can trigger different pathway cascades in the spermatozoa, including truncated apoptosis. It has been reported that the phosphorylation status of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its target AKT (protein kinase B) prevent the spermatozoon from entering the truncated apoptotic cascade. Here, we aim to study the regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway by PRDX6 and assess its role in maintaining sperm viability. Human semen samples were obtained over 1 year from 20 healthy non-smoking volunteers aged 22–30 years old. Sperm viability, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis-like changes were determined by flow cytometry while phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT substrates were assessed by immunoblotting using anti-phospho-PI3K and anti-phospho-AKT substrates antibodies. We found that the addition of arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidic acid, products of PRDX6 calcium independent phospholipase A2 (Ca2+-iPLA2), prevented loss of sperm viability and maintained the phosphorylation of PI3K. Antioxidant compounds such as D-penicillamine partially prevented the oxidative damage on spermatozoa that led to a reduction of their viability. Thus, other pathways can also participate in sperm survival and be regulated by PRDXs. In conclusion, PRDX6 contributes to the regulation of ROS production and the PI3K/AKT pathway for the maintenance of sperm survival.
Temporal trends in living kidney donation in France between 2007 and 2017
Authors: Gaillard François , Jacquemont Lola , Roberts Veena , Albano Laetitia , Allard Julien , Bouvier Nicolas , Buchler Mathias , Titeca-Beauport Dimitri , Couzi Lionel , Delahousse Michel , Ducloux Didier , Durrbach Antoine , Etienne Isabelle , Frimat Luc , Garrouste Cyril , Grimbert Philippe , Hazzan Marc , Hertig Alexandre , Kamar Nassim , Quintrec Moglie Le , Mariat Christophe , Moal Valérie , Moulin Bruno , Mousson Christiane , Pouteil-Noble Claire , Rieu Philippe , Rostaing Lionel , Thierry Antoine , Vigneau Cécile , Macher Marie Alice , Hourmant Maryvonne , Legendre Christophe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Long-term studies have demonstrated a slight increased risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) for living kidney donors (LKD). In France, living kidney donation doubled within the past 10 years. We investigated the change in characteristics of LKD between 2007 and 2017 and the adequacy of follow-up.

Methods
Data were obtained from the national registry for LKD. We compared characteristics of LKD between two study periods: 2007–11 and 2012–17, and stratified donors by age and relation to recipient. We aggregated four characteristics associated with higher ESRD risk [young age, first-degree relation to recipient, obesity, low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for age] in a single risk indicator ranging from 0 to 4.

Results
We included 3483 donors. The proportion of unrelated donors &gt;56 years of age increased significantly. The proportion of related donors &lt;56 years of age decreased significantly. The body mass index and proportion of obese donors did not change significantly. The proportion of donors with low estimated GFR for age decreased significantly from 5% to 2.2% (P &lt; 0.001). The proportion of donors with adequate follow-up after donation increased from 19.6% to 42.5% (P &lt; 0.001). No donor had a risk indicator equal to 4, and the proportion of donors with a risk indicator equal to 0 increased significantly from 19.2% to 24.9% (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
An increase in living kidney donation in France does not seem to be associated with the selection of donors at higher risk of ESRD and the proportion of donors with adequate annual follow-up significantly increased.
ZmDREB1A Regulates RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE Controlling Raffinose Accumulation and Plant Chilling Stress Tolerance in Maize
Authors: Han Qinghui , Qi Junlong , Hao Guanglong , Zhang Chunxia , Wang Chunmei , Dirk Lynnette M A , Downie A Bruce , Zhao Tianyong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRaffinose accumulation is positively correlated with plant chilling stress tolerance; however, the understanding of the function and regulation of raffinose metabolism under chilling stress remains in its infancy. RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (RAFS) is the key enzyme for raffinose biosynthesis. In this study, we report that two independent maize (Zea mays) zmrafs mutant lines, in which raffinose was completely abolished, were more sensitive to chilling stress and their net photosynthetic product (total soluble sugars and starch) accumulation was significantly decreased compared with controls after chilling stress. A similar characterization of the maize dehydration responsive element (DRE)-binding protein 1A mutant (zmdreb1a) showed that ZmRAFS expression and raffinose content were significantly decreased compared with its control under chilling stress. Overexpression of maize ZmDREB1A in maize leaf protoplasts increased ZmDREB1A amounts, which consequently upregulated the expression of maize ZmRAFS and the Renilla LUCIFERASE (Rluc), which was controlled by the ZmRAFS promoter. Deletion of the single dehydration-responsive element (DRE) in the ZmRAFS promoter abolished ZmDREB1A’s influence on Rluc expression, while addition of three copies of the DRE in the ZmRAFS promoter dramatically increased Rluc expression when ZmDREB1A was simultaneously overexpressed. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR demonstrated that ZmDREB1A directly binds to the DRE motif in the promoter of ZmRAFS both in vitro and in vivo. These data demonstrate that ZmRAFS, which was directly regulated by ZmDREB1A, enhances both raffinose biosynthesis and plant chilling stress tolerance.
Nudging healthy and sustainable food choices: three randomized controlled field experiments using a vegetarian lunch-default as a normative signal
Authors: Hansen Pelle G , Schilling Mathilde , Malthesen Mia S 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates a simple, generic and easily scalable nudge to promote healthy and sustainable food choices at conferences by using a vegetarian lunch-default as a normative signal.MethodsAt three conferences, participants registering electronically were randomized into two groups: Group 1 received a standard lunch registration presenting a non-vegetarian buffet as the default, but allowing the active choice of a vegetarian option; Group 2 received a registration presenting a vegetarian buffet as the default, allowing the active choice of a non-vegetarian option. The study also assessed gender differences for two of the conferences and the participants’ acceptance of the nudge at one of the conferences.ResultsIn experiment A the vegetarian choice increased from 2% to 87% (N = 108, P &lt; 0.001). In experiment B it increased from 6% to 86% (N = 112, P &lt; 0.001). In experiment C it increased from 12.5% to 89% (N = 110, P &lt; 0.001). A significant tendency for men, but not women, to opt out of the vegetarian default was found and a clear majority of participants reported positive attitudes toward the nudge.ConclusionsChanging the lunch-default to a vegetarian option is an effective, generic, easy to scale and well-accepted nudge to promote healthy and sustainable food choices at conferences.
Measuring the prevalence of sleep disturbances in people with dementia living in care homes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Webster Lucy , Costafreda Gonzalez Sergi , Stringer Aisling , Lineham Amy , Budgett Jessica , Kyle Simon , Barber Julie , Livingston Gill 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep disturbances are a feature in people living with dementia, including getting up during the night, difficulty falling asleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness and may precipitate a person with dementia moving into residential care. There are varying estimates of the frequency of sleep disturbances, and it is unknown whether they are a problem for the individual. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and associated factors of sleep disturbances in the care home population with dementia.

Methods
We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO (29/04/2019) for studies of the prevalence or associated factors of sleep disturbances in people with dementia living in care homes. We computed meta-analytical estimates of the prevalence of sleep disturbances and used meta-regression to investigate the effects of measurement methods, demographics, and study characteristics.

Results
We included 55 studies of 22,780 participants. The pooled prevalence on validated questionnaires of clinically significant sleep disturbances was 20% (95% confidence interval, CI 16% to 24%) and of any symptom of sleep disturbance was 38% (95% CI 33% to 44%). On actigraphy using a cutoff sleep efficiency of &lt;85% prevalence was 70% (95% CI 55% to 85%). Staff distress, resident agitation, and prescription of psychotropic medications were associated with sleep disturbances. Studies with a higher percentage of males had a higher prevalence of sleep disturbance.

Conclusions
Clinically significant sleep disturbances are less common than those measured on actigraphy and are associated with residents and staff distress and the increased prescription of psychotropics. Actigraphy appears to offer no benefit over proxy reports in this population.
Does midlife aging impact women’s sleep duration, continuity, and timing?: A longitudinal analysis from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Authors: Matthews Karen A , Kravitz Howard M , Lee Laisze , Harlow Siobán D , Bromberger Joyce T , Joffe Hadine , Hall Martica H 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOur study objectives were to evaluate the age-related changes in actigraphy measures of sleep duration, continuity, and timing across 12 years in midlife women as they traversed the menopause, and to take into account factors affecting women’s sleep that also change with age. Black, white, and Chinese women were recruited from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) to participate in an ancillary sleep study on two occasions over 3 years apart and a third assessment 12 years after the first (N = 300, mean ages, 52, 55, and 64 at the three assessments). Women had at least four consecutive nights of actigraphy (95% with 7 nights) and sleep diaries, and self-reported sleep complaints measured at each time point. Partial correlations adjusted for time between assessments across the 12 years were significant and moderate in size (r’s = .33–.58). PROC MIXED/GLIMMIX multivariate models showed that sleep duration increased over time; wake after sleep onset (WASO) declined, midpoint of sleep interval increased, and sleep latency and number of sleep complaints did not change between the first and third assessments. Blacks and whites had a greater increase in sleep duration than Chinese. Taken together, the results of this longitudinal study suggest that sleep may not worsen, in general, in midlife women. Perhaps, the expected negative effect of aging in midlife into early old age on sleep is overstated.