bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clock is ticking: Temporally prioritizing eradications on islands
Authors: Carter Zachary T. , Lumley Thomas , Bodey Thomas W. , Russell James C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAchieving conservation objectives is time critical, but the vast number of threats and potential actions means some form of ranking is necessary to aid prioritization. Objective methods for ranking conservation actions based on when they are differentially likely to become feasible, or to succeed, are currently unavailable within existing decision‐making frameworks but are critical for making informed management decisions. We demonstrate how statistical tools developed for survival (or time‐to‐event) analysis can be used to rank conservation actions over time, through the lens of invasive mammal eradications on islands. Here we forecast the probability of eradicating commensal rat species (Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus, R. exulans) from the New Zealand archipelago by the government's stated target of year 2050. Our methods provide temporally ranked eradication trajectories for the entire country, thus facilitating meeting nationwide policy goals. This demonstration highlights the relevance and applicability of such an approach and its utility for prioritizing globally effective conservation actions.
Shared functional traits explain synchronous changes in long‐term count trends of migratory raptors
Authors: Dumandan Patricia Kaye T. , Bildstein Keith L. , Goodrich Laurie J. , Zaiats Andrii , Caughlin T. Trevor , Katzner Todd E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimAssessing long‐term shifts in faunal assemblages is important to understand the consequences of ongoing global environmental change. One approach to assess drivers of assemblage changes is to identify the traits associated with synchronous shifts in count trends among species. Our research identified traits influencing trends in 73 years of count data on migrating raptors recorded in the north‐eastern USA.LocationPennsylvania, USA.Time period1946–2018.Major taxa studiedBirds of prey/raptors.MethodsMigrating raptors were counted during autumn, following a standardized protocol. We used a hierarchical breakpoint model to identify when count trends shifted and to assess the role of traits in driving these trends before and after the breakpoint. Specifically, we quantified the probability of the direction (PD) of an effect of body mass, habitat or dietary specialization, migratory behaviour and susceptibility to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) on count trends.ResultsWe documented an assemblage‐wide mean shift in count trends of migrating raptors in 1974. In general, species that exhibited negative count trends before the breakpoint exhibited positive count trends afterwards. We found that traits associated with resource use (diet and habitat specialization) had high probabilities of affecting count trends, pre‐ and post‐breakpoint (> 90%). Moreover, the direction of their effects differed during both periods. Unexpectedly, other traits we evaluated, including DDT susceptibility, had relatively weaker associations with count trends.Main conclusionsTrait‐based frameworks have promise for testing generalized assumptions about drivers of population trajectories. Historically, DDT was considered a key driver of changes in raptor population trends. However, our analysis suggests that other factors were also relevant. Moreover, the positive association between count trends and generalist behaviour depended on the temporal context. This result has implications for other settings where demographic trends can be linked to traits and help to identify drivers of biodiversity change.
University‐industry‐government triple helix relationship and regional innovation efficiency in China
Authors: Zhuang Tao , Zhou Zhixia , Li Qingjun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBy utilizing panel data of provinces in China from 2012 to 2018, this paper measured innovation efficiency of each regional innovation system and the triple helix relationship of the university‐industry‐government system, then, empirically investigated the influence of the triple helix relationship on regional innovation efficiency. It has been found that: (1) the regional innovation efficiency in China increases slightly year by year, the regional differences are obvious, and university–industry bilateral cooperation is the tightest; (2) cooperation between universities and industries is most beneficial to improve regional innovation efficiency, cooperation between universities and governments significantly promotes scale efficiency in the long run, cooperation between industries and governments significantly promotes regional innovation comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency, meanwhile inhibits scale efficiency, coordinated relation among universities, industries, and governments is beneficial to improve regional innovation comprehensive efficiency and scale efficiency. The research results provide useful theoretical support and policy enlightenment for improving regional innovation efficiency.
Usefulness of virtual parenchymal perfusion software visualizing embolized areas to determine optimal catheter position in superselective conventional transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Miyayama Shiro , Yamashiro Masashi , Ikeda Rie , Matsumoto Junichi , Ogawa Nobuhiko , Sakuragawa Naoko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the optimal catheter position during superselective conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using virtual parenchymal perfusion software.MethodsPatients who had newly developed HCC nodules ≤6 cm and five or fewer lesions were eligible. The virtual catheter tip was placed on a tumor‐feeder identified by TACE guidance software using cone‐beam computed tomography during hepatic arteriography to minimize the virtual embolized area (VEA), including the tumor with a safety margin. Conventional transarterial chemoembolization was then carried out at the same position. The VEA and real embolized area where iodized oil was retained on cone‐beam computed tomography after cTACE were compared using the dice similarity coefficient, linear regression analysis, and mean surface distance. Technical success of cTACE and therapeutic effects by the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors were also evaluated.ResultsNinety‐one tumors in 56 patients were embolized. The mean dice similarity coefficient values in 80 VEAs and real embolized areas were 0.78 ± 0.01. Both volumes were well correlated (r = 0.957, p < 0.001) with a mean surface distance of 2.78 ± 2.11 mm. Eighty‐four (92.3%) tumors were embolized with a safety margin. Regarding the early response of 82 tumors, complete response was achieved in 72 (87.8%), partial response in six (7.3%), and stable disease in four (4.9%). Regarding responses of 81 tumors during the follow‐up (mean, 20 ± 4.9 months), complete response was maintained in 62 (76.5%), whereas 19 (23.5%), including six that were incompletely embolized, locally progressed.ConclusionVirtual parenchymal perfusion software can determine the optimal catheter position in superselective cTACE.
Transmitted HIV‐1 drug resistance in a large international cohort using next‐generation sequencing: results from the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) study
Authors: Baxter JD , Dunn D , Tostevin A , Marvig RL , Bennedbæk M , Cozzi‐Lepri A , Sharma S , Kozal MJ , Gompels M , Pinto AN , Lundgren J ,   for the INSIGHT START Study Group
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this analysis was to characterize transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) study participants by next‐generation sequencing (NGS), a sensitive assay capable of detecting low‐frequency variants.MethodsStored plasma from participants with entry HIV RNA > 1000 copies/mL were analysed by NGS (Illumina MiSeq). TDR was based on the WHO 2009 surveillance definition with the addition of reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations T215N and E138K, and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) surveillance mutations (Stanford HIVdb). Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) detected at three thresholds are reported: > 2%, 5% and 20% of the viral population.ResultsBetween 2009 and 2013, START enrolled 4684 antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve individuals in 35 countries. Baseline NGS data at study entry were available for 2902 participants. Overall prevalence rates of TDR using a detection threshold of 2%/5%/20% were 9.2%/5.6%/3.2% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 9.2%/6.6%/4.9% for non‐NRTIs, 11.4%/5.5%/2.4% for protease inhibitors (PIs) and 3.5%/1.6%/0.1% for INSTI DRMs and varied by geographic region. Using the 2% detection threshold, individual DRMs with the highest prevalence were: PI M46IL (5.5%), RT K103NS (3.5%), RT G190ASE (3.1%), T215ISCDVEN (2.5%), RT M41L (2.2%), RT K219QENR (1.7%) and PI D30N (1.6%). INSTI DRMs were detected almost exclusively below the 20% detection threshold, most commonly Y143H (0.4%), Q148R (0.4%) and T66I (0.4%).ConclusionsUse of NGS in this study population resulted in the detection of a large proportion of low‐level variants which would not have been detected by traditional Sanger sequencing. Global surveillance studies utilizing NGS should provide a more comprehensive assessment of TDR prevalence in different regions of the world.
Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus distribution in the saliva and plaque of Iranian population: Higher prevalence of S. mutans serotypes f and k
Authors: Babaeekhou Laleh , Ghane Maryam , Ezatzade Farshad , Eftekhari Toroghi Sadegh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to find the relation of the MS co‐existence with the decayed, missing (Extracted) and filled teeth (DMFT) score and the prevalence of Streptococcus mutans serotypes in the Iranian population.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional research conducted in 2018, volunteers aged 10–60< years were measured by population selection criteria. PCR technique was used to screen MS serotypes in the homogenized saliva and plaque samples.Results499 subjects met the selection criteria of the study population. Out of 499 samples, 448 samples were finalized for serotype determination and DMFT relation evaluation. From 448, 348 (77.6%) samples harboured only S. mutans, 44 (9.8%) had both S. mutans and S. sobrinus, 6 (1.3%) were positive for S. sobrinus alone, and 94 (20.9%) were free of both specious. The mean DMFT score in people with S. mutans (6.7) was higher than S. mutans negative (4.6) participants (p < 0.05). In people with both S. mutans and S. sobrinus, the mean DMFT did not change significantly. The frequency of c, e, f and k serotypes was 47.7, 22.7, 27.5 and 22.1%, respectively. The mean DMFT score in participants with serotype e was significantly higher than others (p < .05).ConclusionsPeople can acquire different S. mutans serotypes over a lifetime. The high prevalence rate of serotype k, a systemic S. mutans serotype, calls worldwide studies on the prevalence of serotype k strains.
Accuracy and efficiency of guided root‐end resection using a dynamic navigation system: a human cadaver study
Authors: Dianat O. , Nosrat A. , Mostoufi B. , Price J.B. , Gupta S. , Martinho F. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo determine and compare the accuracy and efficiency of a dynamic navigation system (DNS) with a freehand (FH) technique when conducting root‐end resection in a human cadaver model.MethodologyForty roots in cadaver heads were included and divided into two groups: DNS (n = 20) and FH (n = 20). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of all teeth were taken. The drilling path and depth were planned virtually to using the X‐guide software (X‐Nav Technologies, Lansdale, PA, USA). Osteotomy and root‐end resection were done under navigation in the DNS group, and freehand under the dental operating microscope in the FH group. Post‐operative CBCTs were taken. Linear deviations, angular deflection, time of operation and number of mishaps were compared with determine the accuracy and efficiency. Shapiro–Wilk, one‐way ANOVA and Fisher exact tests were used (P < 0.05).ResultsLinear deviations, angular deflection and operation time were significantly less in the DNS group (P < 0.05). The number of mishaps was not different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that the distance of >5 mm from buccal cortical plate was significantly associated with lower accuracy, increased operation time and greater incidence of mishaps in the FH group (P < 0.05), but not in the DNS group.ConclusionsThe dynamic navigation system was more accurate and more efficient in root‐end resection in a cadaver model than the freehand technique. The distance of the roots from the buccal cortical plate had a significant negative impact on the accuracy and efficacy of the root‐end resection procedure when using the freehand technique. The dynamic navigation system has the potential to be a safe and reliable technological addition to endodontic microsurgery.
Emulsion‐forming properties of heat‐induced pork myofibrillar protein affected by NaCl
Authors: Zhu Chao‐Zhi , Jin Hao‐Quan , Yin Feng , Cui Wen‐Ming , Zhang Qiu‐Hui , Zhao Gai‐Ming 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe emulsification characteristics of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) with different NaCl concentrations also affect the quality of meat products after cooking. We investigated the effects of heating (100 °C) on the solubility, emulsifying activity, and conformational and environmental changes of MPs prepared with different NaCl concentrations. Emulsifying activity increased with increasing NaCl prior to heating, but there was no significant effect after heating. The viscosity increased and particle size decreased with increasing NaCl before heating, but these properties did not change after heating. NaCl did not affect the amount of α‐helix and β‐sheet. We deduced that the different emulsifying activity of myofibrillar proteins with different NaCl concentrations after heating may have been due to changes in the local environment of MPs. An understanding of the physicochemical and functional properties of MPs would unlock an area for development of meat products at different NaCl and temperature in the food industry.
Cooking does not impair the impact of pulsed electric field on the protein digestion of venison (Cervus elaphus) during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Bhat Zuhaib F. , Morton James D. , Mason Susan L. , Jayawardena Sasika Reshan , Mungure Tanyaradzwa , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din A. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe present study was conducted to elucidate whether cooking impairs the positive effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) on the digestibility of venison during in vitro gastrointestinal protein digestion. Previous studies have used fresh uncooked meat to demonstrate the effect of PEF on protein digestibility during gastrointestinal digestion neglecting the effect that cooking could induce during meat preparation process. PEF‐treated samples (T1, 10 kV, 90 Hz, 20 µs) were cooked (core temperature of 75 °C) and subjected to in vitro simulated gastrointestinal protein digestion along with non‐treated controls. A 3% increase of in vitro protein digestibility was found in cooked PEF‐treated venison (P < 0.05). A positive (P < 0.05) impact of PEF processing was observed on overall protein digestion as measured by soluble protein (%) and SDS‐PAGE. PEF did not change (P > 0.05) the release of minerals from cooked venison during digestion. Cooking had no negative influence on the mechanism through which PEF operates in improving the protein digestibility of venison.
Qualitative process evaluation of a problem‐solving and Story‐bridge based mental health literacy program with community leaders in Ghana
Authors: Arthur Yaw Amankwa , Boardman Gayelene H. , McCann Terence V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImproved knowledge about, and positive attitudes towards, people with mental illness could lead to improved support and decreased stigma for people with mental illness, including their families and carers. The aims of our study were to evaluate the perspectives of community leaders about the usefulness of a cluster randomized trial of a problem‐solving and Story‐bridge based mental health literacy (MHL) programme and to understand whether they utilized the knowledge acquired from the programme in their usual interactions with people with mental illness and their families. Twenty‐five participants were sampled randomly from the intervention cluster of the trial to participate in a qualitative process evaluation, and individual interviews were used to collect data. A thematic analysis of the data was undertaken. Three themes were abstracted from the data, reflecting participants’ perspectives about the usefulness of the programme: overcoming fear of perceived dangerousness, increasing willingness to engage, and becoming empathetic and non‐judgemental. This qualitative process evaluation offers insights into how a problem‐solving and Story‐bridge based MHL programme to a targeted group could lead to real and supportive actions/attitudes to people with mental illness. The findings have clinical relevance for a collaboration among family members and caregivers, community leaders and community psychiatric nurses, and other primary healthcare workers to develop community MHL strategies to improve the quality of care, support and life of people with mental disorders.
The factors related to a sedentary lifestyle: A meta‐analysis review
Authors: Martins Larissa Castelo Guedes , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Diniz Camila Maciel , Guedes Nirla Gomes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo compare factors associated with the sedentary lifestyle described in the literature with the factors listed in NANDA International.DesignSystematic review with meta‐analysis of factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle in adolescents, adults and older people.Data sourcesAn electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Latin America and the Caribbean Literature on Health and Science databases conducted in May 2016.Review methodsDescriptive data were extracted according to a standardized form. The odds ratios for each etiological factor associated with a sedentary lifestyle were extracted directly from the articles or calculated from the data described therein. The meta‐analysis was conducted for factors that were investigated in more than one study.ResultsThirty‐five articles were included. The statistically significant factors were: lack of social support, of physical space, of time, of motivation, of sports skills and of interest in physical activity, intolerance to activity, being retired, living in a low‐income country, laziness, not having a job/studying, low socioeconomic status and level of knowledge about physical activity, female gender, living in an urban area, negative self‐perception of health, using public transportation, being in the oldest age group in the study and perceived physical disability.ConclusionThe new factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle and those already included in the NANDA International classification will lead to better clinical guidance for nurses.ImpactKnowledge about these factors can contribute directly to public health policies.
Validation of novel identification algorithms for major adverse cardiovascular events in a Japanese claims database
Authors: Shima Daisuke , Ii Yoichi , Higa Shingo , Kohro Takahide , Hoshide Satoshi , Kono Ken , Fujimoto Shigeru , Niijima Satoshi , Tomitani Naoko , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPredicting clinical outcomes can be difficult, particularly for life‐threatening events with a low incidence that require numerous clinical cases. Our aim was to develop and validate novel algorithms to identify major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) from claims databases. We developed algorithms based on the data available in the claims database International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10), drug prescriptions, and medical procedures. We also employed data from the claims database of Jichi Medical University Hospital, Japan, for the period between October 2012 and September 2014. In total, we randomly extracted 100 potential acute myocardial infarction cases and 200 potential stroke cases (ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke were analyzed separately) based on ICD‐10 diagnosis. An independent committee reviewed the corresponding clinical data to provide definitive diagnoses for the extracted cases. We then assessed the algorithms’ accuracy using positive predictive values (PPVs) and apparent sensitivities. The PPVs of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke were low only by diagnosis (81.6% [95% CI 72.5–88.7]; 31.0% [95% CI 22.8–40.3]; and 45.5% [95% CI 34.1–57.2], respectively); however, the PPVs were elevated after adding the prescription and procedure data (87.0% [95% CI 78.3–93.1]; 44.4% [95% CI 32.7–56.6]; and 46.1% [95% CI 34.5–57.9], respectively). When we added event‐specific prescription and procedure data to the algorithms, the PPVs for each event increased to 70%–98%, with apparent sensitivities exceeding 50%. Algorithms that rely on ICD‐10 diagnosis in combination with data on specific drugs and medical procedures appear to be valid for identifying MACEs in Japanese claims databases.
Combination of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia induces endothelial dysfunction: Role of the endothelin and nitric oxide systems
Authors: Abu‐Saleh Niroz , Yaseen Hiba , Kinaneh Safa , Khamaisi Mogher , Abassi Zaid 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction (ED) is a key feature of diabetes and is a major cause of diabetic vasculopathy. Diabetic patients who also exhibit hyperlipidaemia suffer from accelerated vascular complications. While the deleterious effects of high glucose levels (HG) and hyperlipidaemia alone on ED are well established, the effects of combined hyperlipidaemia and HG have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the current study examines whether HG and hyperlipidaemia exert synergistic ED, and explores the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We applied multi‐disciplinary approaches including cultured HUVECs and HMEC‐1 as well as knockout mice CByJ.129S7(B6)‐Ldlrtm1Her/J (LDLR−/−) to investigate the mechanisms underlying combined HG and hyperlipidaemia‐induced ED. Incremental doses of glucose in the presence or absence of OxLDL were added to HUVECs and HMEC‐1. After 5 days, the status of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)‐1 systems as well as their signal transduction were assessed using Western blot, ELISA and immunoreactive staining. The effects of chronic combination of HG and hyperlipidaemia on endothelial integrity and function as well as alterations in circulatory NO and ET‐1 systems were examined in knockout mice LDLR−/− and their wild‐type. HUVEC cells exposed to HG and OxLDL displayed enhanced ET‐1 production, more than HG or OxLDL when added alone. Overproduction of ET‐1 stems from up‐regulation of endothelin converting enzyme (ECE)‐1 as observed under these conditions. In contrast, combination of HG and OxLDL dramatically decreased both total endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) by 60%, and activated eNOS (peNOS) by 80%. Moreover, NRF2 decreased by 42% and its active form (pNRF2) by 56%, as compared to baseline. Likewise, ETB levels decreased by 64% from baseline on endothelial cells. Furthermore, diabetic LDLR−/− mice displayed a higher blood pressure, plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, ET‐1 and NO2/NO3 levels, when compared with normoglycemic LDLR−/− and BALB mice. Combined hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia activates the ET system and attenuates the nitric oxide system with the Nrf2 signalling pathway. These findings suggest that perturbations in these paracrine systems may contribute to ED.