bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Gender of COVID-19 Experts in Newspaper Articles: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fletcher Sarah , Joe Moss Bruton , Hernandez Santanna , Toman Inka , Harrison Tyrone , Ruzycki Shannon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Pre-existing gender-based disparities in academia may have worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is anecdotal and peer-reviewed evidence that women in academia have been underrepresented in prestigious, pandemic-related opportunities. Being citated as an expert source in newspaper articles about COVID-19 may increase an individual's research or leadership profile. In addition, visibility in a newspaper article is an important component of representation in academia. Objective: We sought to determine whether women were underrepresented as COVID-19 expert sources in print newspapers in the United States. Design: We undertook a cross-sectional study of English-language newspaper articles that addressed the COVID-19 pandemic that were published in the top ten most widely read newspapers in the United States between Apr 1 and Apr 15, 2020. Main Measures: We extracted the names of all people cited as expert sources and categorized each expert sources as men, women, or another gender based on pronoun usage within the article or on a business, university, or organization website. Key Results: Of 2,297 expert sources identified, 35.9% (95% CI 33.9-37.8%; n=824) were women, 63.7% were men (95% CI 61.8-65.7%; n=1,464) and for 0.4%, gender could not be assigned (n=9). After removing duplicate experts, 1,738 unique individuals were cited, of which 34.6% were women (95% CI 32.3-36.8%; n=601), 64.9% were men (95% CI 62.7-67.1%; n=1,128), and 0.05% whose gender was unknown (n=9). Of articles with multiple experts referenced (n=374), 102 cited only men experts (27.3%) and 44 cited only women experts (11.8%).Conclusions: Altogether, this result supports that men are overrepresented compared to women as COVID-19 experts in newspaper articles.
Zhanghuifenite, Na3Mn42+Mg2Al(PO4)6, a new mineral isostructural with bobfergusonite, from the Santa Ana mine, San Luis province, Argentina
Authors: Yang Hexiong , Kobsch Anaïs , Gu Xiangping , Downs Robert T. , Xie Xiande 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A new mineral species, zhanghuifenite, ideally Na3Mn42+Mg2Al(PO4)6, has been found in the Santa Ana mine, San Luis province, Argentina. It occurs in irregular veinlets or patches, 5 mm thick, in a nodule of beusite interlaminated with lithiophilite. Broken pieces of zhanghuifenite are blocky or tabular. Single crystals are up to 0.8 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm. No twinning or parting is observed macroscopically. The mineral is deep green, transparent with pale green streak and vitreous luster. It is brittle and has a Mohs hardness of ~5 with good cleavage on {010}. The measured and calculated densities are 3.63(2) and 3.62 g/cm3, respectively. Optically, zhanghuifenite is biaxial (+), with α = 1.675(2), β = 1.680(2), γ = 1.690(2) (white light), 2V (meas) = 74(2)°, and 2V (calc) = 71°. The calculated compatibility index based on the empirical formula is 0.020 (excellent). An electron microprobe analysis yields an empirical formula (based on 24 O apfu) (Na2.80Ca0.11)Σ2.91(Mn3.092+Fe0.472+Mg0.36)Σ3.92(Mg1.31Fe0.692+)Σ2.00 (Al0.81Fe0.193+)(PO4)6. Zhanghuifenite is insoluble in water or hydrochloric acid.
Zhanghuifenite is isostructural with bobfergusonite, a member of the alluaudite supergroup. It is monoclinic, with space group P21/n, Z = 4, and unit-cell parameters a = 12.8926(3), b = 12.4658(3), c = 10.9178(2) Å, β = 97.9200(10)°, and V = 1737.93(7) Å3. The crystal structure of zhanghuifenite contains six octahedral M (= Mn, Fe, Mg, Al) sites and five X (= Na, Mn, Ca) sites with coordination numbers between 6 and 8. The six M octahedra share edges to form two types of kinked chains extending along [101], with one consisting of M1-M4-M5 and the other M2-M3-M6. These chains are joined by PO4 tetrahedra to form sheets parallel to (010), which are linked together through corner-sharing between PO4 tetrahedra and MO6 octahedra in the adjacent sheets, leaving open channels parallel to a, where the large X cations are situated. Zhanghuifenite differs from bobfergusonite in two major aspects. One is that the M4 and M5 sites in the former are mainly occupied by Mg, but by Fe2+ and Fe3+, respectively, in the latter. The other is that the X2-X5 sites in zhanghuifenite are all nearly or fully filled with Na, resulting in 3 Na apfu in the ideal formula, but X4 and X5 are merely half-occupied in bobfergusonite, giving rise to 2 Na apfu.
The evolution of saponite: An experimental study based on crystal chemistry and crystal growth
Authors: Zhang Chaoqun , He Hongping , Petit Sabine , Baron Fabien , Tao Qi , Gregoire Brian , Zhu Jianxi , Yang Yiping , Ji Shichao , Li Shangying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElement incorporation and partitioning during the evolution of clay minerals have significant implications for element cycling in geochemical processes. The main aim of this experimental study is to further our understanding of element redistribution and crystal growth during smectite evolution under different physicochemical conditions. The precursors (i.e., pure Mg- and Ni-saponite) were separately prepared by hydrothermal syntheses at the same set of temperatures (i.e., RT, 50, 150, 180, 200, and 220 °C) for one day. Then the starting materials were obtained from the mechanical mixtures of the identical molar weight of Mg- and Ni-smectite precursors prepared at the same temperature. Subsequently, Series I samples were obtained by hydrothermally treating different starting materials at 220 °C for two weeks while Series II samples were hydrothermally synthesized under various temperatures (220, 300, 400, and 500 °C) for one week using the starting materials prepared at 220 °C. Both the precursors and resultant saponites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM, and STEM. The FTIR spectra of the precursors only exhibit the vMg3OH and vNi3OH bands, corresponding to Mg-saponite and Ni-saponite, respectively. However, the occurrence of vMg2NiOH and vNi2MgOH bands in the resultant saponite indicates the dissolution of the corresponding Mg- and Ni-saponite precursors and recrystallization of Mg-Ni mixed saponite. The dissolution extents of Mg- and Ni-saponite precursors, which affect the degrees of random distribution of octahedral Ni and Mg in resultant Mg, Nisaponite, are significantly controlled by the temperature gap (ΔT) between the precursors prepared and the resultant Mg, Ni-saponite obtained. In general, a larger ΔT leads to a higher dissolution extent of saponite precursors and a higher degree of random distribution of octahedral Ni and Mg cations in the resultant Mg, Ni-saponite structures. Thus, the distribution mode of octahedral cations in saponite, which is not only relevant to a given hydrothermal temperature but also dependent on ΔT for final products, cannot be used as a geothermometer. TEM and STEM observations provide visual evidence that the particles of saponite coarsen when ΔT is higher than zero. Both the crystal-chemical and morphological features during saponite evolution suggest that saponite particles coarsen mainly via partial/complete dissolution of precursors followed by recrystallization and growth of Mg, Ni-saponite in which crystal growth by layer attachment cannot be excluded. This study presents an experimental approach to evaluate the evolution of clay minerals in terms of crystal chemistry and crystal growth and offers a better understanding of the contributions of clay mineral evolution to element cycling.
Identifying Key Predictors of Cognitive Dysfunction in Older People Using Supervised Machine Learning Techniques: Observational Study
Authors: Rankin Debbie , Black Michaela , Flanagan Bronac , Hughes Catherine F , Moore Adrian , Hoey Leane , Wallace Jonathan , Gill Chris , Carlin Paul , Molloy Anne M , Cunningham Conal , McNulty Helene 
Published: September 2020

Background
Machine learning techniques, specifically classification algorithms, may be effective to help understand key health, nutritional, and environmental factors associated with cognitive function in aging populations.

Objective
This study aims to use classification techniques to identify the key patient predictors that are considered most important in the classification of poorer cognitive performance, which is an early risk factor for dementia.

Methods
Data were used from the Trinity-Ulster and Department of Agriculture study, which included detailed information on sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, nutritional, and lifestyle factors in 5186 older adults recruited from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, a proportion of whom (987/5186, 19.03%) were followed up 5-7 years later for reassessment. Cognitive function at both time points was assessed using a battery of tests, including the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), with a score <70 classed as poorer cognitive performance. This study trained 3 classifiers—decision trees, Naïve Bayes, and random forests—to classify the RBANS score and to identify key health, nutritional, and environmental predictors of cognitive performance and cognitive decline over the follow-up period. It assessed their performance, taking note of the variables that were deemed important for the optimized classifiers for their computational diagnostics.

Results
In the classification of a low RBANS score (<70), our models performed well (F1 score range 0.73-0.93), all highlighting the individual’s score from the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the age at which the participant stopped education, and whether or not the participant’s family reported memory concerns to be of key importance. The classification models performed well in classifying a greater rate of decline in the RBANS score (F1 score range 0.66-0.85), also indicating the TUG score to be of key importance, followed by blood indicators: plasma homocysteine, vitamin B6 biomarker (plasma pyridoxal-5-phosphate), and glycated hemoglobin.

Conclusions
The results suggest that it may be possible for a health care professional to make an initial evaluation, with a high level of confidence, of the potential for cognitive dysfunction using only a few short, noninvasive questions, thus providing a quick, efficient, and noninvasive way to help them decide whether or not a patient requires a full cognitive evaluation. This approach has the potential benefits of making time and cost savings for health service providers and avoiding stress created through unnecessary cognitive assessments in low-risk patients.
Testing Wearable UV Sensors to Improve Sun Protection in Young Adults at an Outdoor Festival: Field Study
Authors: Horsham Caitlin , Antrobus Jodie , Olsen Catherine M , Ford Helen , Abernethy David , Hacker Elke 
Published: September 2020

Background
Australia and New Zealand have the highest skin cancer incidence rates worldwide, and sun exposure is the main risk factor for developing skin cancer. Sun exposure during childhood and adolescence is a critical factor in developing skin cancer later in life.

Objective
This study aims to test the effectiveness of wearable UV sensors to increase sun protection habits (SPH) and prevent sunburn in adolescents.

Methods
During the weeklong school leavers outdoor festival (November 2019) at the Gold Coast, Australia, registered attendees aged 15-19 years were recruited into the field study. Participants were provided with a wearable UV sensor and free sunscreen. The primary outcome was sun exposure practices using the SPH index. Secondary outcomes were self-reported sunburns, sunscreen use, and satisfaction with the wearable UV sensor.

Results
A total of 663 participants were enrolled in the study, and complete data were available for 188 participants (188/663, 28.4% response rate). Participants provided with a wearable UV sensor significantly improved their use of sunglasses (P=.004) and sunscreen use both on the face (P<.001) and on other parts of the body (P=.005). However, the use of long-sleeve shirts (P<.001) and the use of a hat (P<.001) decreased. During the study period, 31.4% (59/188) of the participants reported receiving one or more sunburns. Satisfaction with the wearable UV sensor was high, with 73.4% (138/188) of participants reporting the UV sensor was helpful to remind them to use sun protection.

Conclusions
Devices that target health behaviors when outdoors, such as wearable UV sensors, may improve use of sunscreen and sunglasses in adolescents.
Subvenção e Assistência Governamentais: Um Estudo nas Empresas do Subsetor de Energia Elétrica Listadas na B3
Authors: Valdevino Rosângela Queiroz Souza , Miranda Mariza Camila de , Oliveira Adriana Martins de 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Verificar a influência da Subvenção e Assistência Governamentais nas variáveis financeiras das empresas do subsetor de energia elétrica listadas na BM&FBovespa.
Fundamento: O presente trabalho enfatiza o reconhecimento, mensuração e evidenciação das Subvenção e Assistência Governamentais. Tendo em vista que é feito um levantamento de estudos anteriores mostrando as contribuições sobre o assunto.
Método: Analisou-se os anos de 2015 e 2016, das 60 empresas que constituem o subsetor de energia elétrica listadas na BM&FBovespa. Resultou em uma amostra de 15% (09 empresas). Desta forma o presente estudo utilizou-se de uma pesquisa descritiva quanto ao objetivo, adotando o procedimento documental, em que a abordagem empregada fora a quantitativa e não probabilística – do tipo por julgamento – quanto a técnica de amostragem. Foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Spearman.
Resultados: Verificou-se com os resultados, que no ano de 2015 não houve influência significativa, apenas fortes relações entre algumas variáveis, como o patrimônio líquido. Já no ano de 2016, houve correlação entre o recebimento de Subvenção e Assistência Governamentais com as variáveis financeiras estudadas, destacando a variável patrimônio líquido; a influência significativa detectada no ano de 2016, justifica-se pelos fatores: crescimento de vendas, renovação de concessões e venda de ativos.
Contribuições: A pesquisa tem as contribuições teórica e prática. Nesse sentido, a primeira se refere ao levantamento da Subvenção e Assistência Governamentais a luz do CPC 07 (R1). De forma prática o estudo mostra como a SAG pode influenciar nas variáveis financeiras de um setor.
A Influência da Governança Corporativa e do Auditor na Divulgação sobre Riscos
Authors: Serra Sara , Lemos Kátia 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relação existente entre a divulgação de informação sobre riscos e os mecanismos de governo das sociedades e o auditor externo. Fundamento:Pretende-se averiguar se estes mecanismos de redução das assimetrias de informação exercem alguma influência na informação divulgada.
Método: Para tal, será realizada uma revisão de estudos empíricos relacionados com o tema em apreço, no sentido de identificar resultados prévios que comprovem a existência de influência do governo das sociedades e do auditor na divulgação sobre riscos.
Resultados: Verifica-se que determinadas caraterísticas do Conselho de administração, a estrutura de propriedade e a existência de um Comité de gestão de risco autónomo, o valor dos honorários recebidos pelo auditor, o tipo de empresa de auditoria a que este se encontra associado, a dimensão da sua carteira de clientes e a constituição de uma Comissão de auditoria se encontram associados ao nível e qualidade da divulgação sobre riscos.
Contribuições:Este trabalho contribui para a investigação na área da divulgação de informação sobre riscos, sendo inovador no facto de se centrar especificamente no papel do governo das sociedades e no auditor na tomada de decisão sobre a quantidade e qualidade de informação a divulgar.
Value Relevance do Cash Flow Return on Investment no Mercado Acionário Brasileiro
Authors: Souza Arlindo Nonato Morais , Soares José Mauro Madeiros Velôso , Tavares Adilson de Lima , Mol Anderson Luiz Rezende , Oliveira Atelmo Ferreira de 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre o Cash Flow Return On Investment e o valor de mercado das firmas brasileiras listadas na B³, bem como os seus respectivos retornos acionários anuais.
Fundamento: O estudo apoia-se na existência de conteúdo informativo nas informações contábeis capazes de oferecer perspectivas sobre o desempenho futuro das organizações. Sendo demonstrado esta premissa por meio da associação entre o Cash Flow Returns On Investment e o valor de mercado e retorno anual.
Método: Foram selecionadas as companhias não financeiras listadas na B³, com dados suficientes para o cálculo do Cash Flow Return On Investment, valor de mercado, retorno contínuo e retorno anormal das empresas, durante o período 2010-2018. Para análise de regressão utilizou-se de dados em painel para os três modelos econométricos estimados.
Resultados: Os testes empíricos realizados demonstram: (i) associação positiva e significante entre o Cash Flow Return On Investment e o valor de mercado das empresas pesquisadas, bem como (ii) com seus respectivos retornos contínuo e anormal concordando com a fundamentação utilizada. Sendo assim, o resultado desta pesquisa, evidencia que o valor de mercado das empresas absorveu as informações dos retornos dos ativos pelo fluxo de caixa, sendo possível inferir que o Cash Flow Return On Investment pode ser informativo quanto as expectativas de desempenho futuro das empresas, levando em conta tanto os fluxos de caixa efetivamente gerados como os futuros fluxos a serem gerados no decorrer da vida útil de seus ativos, contribuindo assim de forma teórica e prática com a literatura.
PENGARUH KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DEPARTEMENT FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICE DI HOTEL LE MERIDIEN JAKARTA
Authors: Rahmi Septi Putri , Putra Trisna 
Published: September 2020

Melihat pengaruh komunikasi interpersonal terhadap kinerja karyawan di departemen makanan dan minuman di Hotel Le Meridien Jakarta merupakan latar belakang penelitian ini. Karyawan level supervisor digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 78 orang menggunakan probability sampling. Kuesioner disebarkan dan Likert scale digunakan untuk memperoleh data yang telah di uji validitas serta reliabilitas. Berdasarkan dari penelitian dilakukan diperoleh hasil: 1) komunikasi interpersonal berada digolongkan kategori cukup (51.28%), 2) kinerja karyawan berada pada kategori baik (67.95%), 3) nilai R Square 0.054, artinya variabel komunikasi interpersonal memiliki pengaruh sebesar 5.4% terhadap kinerja karyawan dan faktor lain sebesar 94,6% mempengaruhi.
Representaciones sociales acerca de la adopción en parejas sin hijos residentes en el departamento del Quindío
Authors: Andrade Salazar José Alonso , Gaitán Ramírez Laura Fernanda , Guevara Hernández Carolina , Martínez Aguirre Valentina 
Published: September 2020

Esta es una investigación cualitativa de tipo exploratorio, que tiene como objetivo examinar las Representaciones sociales acerca de la adopción en parejas sin hijos y con posibilidades de adoptar, para lo cual se aplicará una entrevista semiestructurada a 50 parejas, además de una ficha de caracterización sociodemográfica elaborada para esta investigación. Se concluye que las parejas tienen una representación sesgada de la adopción, y prejuicios respecto a la edad, la salud, la historia de los niños y niñas, que determinan las resistencias y representaciones respecto a la adopción. Asimismo, las parejas anteponen el proyecto de vida personal, la estabilidad económica, dificultades en los procesos adoptivos, y supuestas preferencias por familias extranjeras, como criterios que dan forma a la resistencia a adoptar, aun cuando identifican que la adopción es un proceso necesario en la sociedad que debe ser fortalecido y asumido por más personas.
Frequency, predictors and prognostic impact of implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks in a primary prevention population with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Masini Marta , Elia Edoardo , Vianello Pier Filippo , Bertero Giovanni , Rossi Paolo , Ameri Pietro , Chiarella Francesco , Brunelli Claudio , Porto Italo , Sartori Paolo , Canepa Marco 
Published: September 2020

Aims
The role of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in primary prevention real-world population is debated. We sought to evaluate the incidence, predictors and prognostic impact of ICD shocks in consecutive heart failure patients implanted for primary prevention at our tertiary institution.

Methods and results
We retrospectively selected a sample of 497 patients (mean age 64.8 years, 82.1% men, average left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF, 27.1%). At long-term follow-up (median time 70.4 months), total mortality was 40.8%, and 16.5% of patients had received at least one appropriate shock (3.12%/year). Inappropriate shock [odds ratio (OR) 1.93, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.08–3.47; P = 0.027] and length of follow-up (1 year, OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.01; P = 0.0031) were associated with the occurrence of appropriate shock, whereas atrial fibrillation (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.55–4.51, P < 0.001), length of follow-up (1-year OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.01, P < 0.001) and appropriate shock (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.08–3.47, P = 0.027) were associated with the occurrence of inappropriate shock. Neither appropriate nor inappropriate shock independently increased mortality risk, whereas older age (hazard ratio 1.05; 95% CI 1.04–1.07; P < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio 2.25; 95% CI 1.67–3.02; P < 0.001) and lower LVEF (hazard ratio 0.97; 95% CI 0.94–0.99; P = 0.004) did.

Conclusion
Incidence of shocks in real-world primary prevention ICD recipients might be lower than expected, and the association between ICD shocks and prolongation of survival is not as clear-cut as might be perceived. Further investigations from larger real-world samples are warranted.
Sport activity in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: evidence and perspectives
Authors: Sciarra Luigi , Salustri Elisa , Petroni Renata , Calò Leonardo , Delise Pietro , Penco Maria , Romano Silvio 
Published: September 2020

Demographic characteristics of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices have significantly changed during the last few years, according to the ageing of the population and the consequent increase in the number of elderly individuals with indication for pacemaker implant and, on the other hand, to the increased number of young individuals implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for the primary prevention of sudden death. More and more often, both elderly and young patients ask the physician to deal with the device in their daily activities, which often include sport practice. This latter is advisable because of its recognized benefits on cardiovascular prevention, although there are many limitations for patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device. Hence, the need to balance the patient's request with the appropriate precautions emerging from existing evidence.
The current article aims to provide an overview of the most recent data on this topic, derived from registries and observational studies.
Over the years an attempt to standardize recommendations has been made, but robust evidence is still lacking. Substantial differences exist between countries based on their sports regulations. Official recommendations of European and American Scientific Societies are resumed.
The future perspective is to obtain data to allow these patients a safer practice of sport activity also through technological advances in terms of device materials and programming improvement and the possibility of remote monitoring.