bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent fertility in Zambia- a critical discourse analysis of adolescent fertility control from a postcolonial perspective
Authors: Munakampe Margarate Nzala , Michelo Charles , Zulu Joseph Mumba 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Despite global and regional policies that promote the reduction of adolescent fertility through ending early marriages and reducing early child-bearing, adolescent fertility remains high in most sub-Saharan countries. This study aimed to explore the competing discourses that shape adolescent fertility control in Zambia. Methods A qualitative case study design was adopted, involving 33 individual interviews and 9 focus group discussions with adolescents and other key-informants such as parents, teachers and policymakers. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data critically. Results Adolescents’ age significantly reduced their access to SRH services. Also, adolescent fertility discussions were influenced by marital norms and Christian-religious beliefs, as well as health and rights values. While early marriage or child-bearing was discouraged, married adolescents and adolescents who had given birth before faced fewer challenges when accessing SRH information and services compared to their unmarried or nulliparous counterparts. Besides, the major influencers such as parents, teachers and health workers were also conflicted about how to package SRH information to young people, due to their varying roles in the community. Conclusion The pluralistic view of adolescent fertility is fueled by “multiple consciousnesses”. This is evidenced by the divergent discourses that shape adolescent fertility control in Zambia, compounded by the disempowered position of adolescents in their communities. We assert that the competing moral worlds, correct in their own right, viewed within the historical and social context unearth significant barriers to the success of interventions targeted towards adolescents’ fertility control in Zambia, thereby propagating the growing problem of high adolescent fertility. This suggests proactive consideration of these discourses when designing and implementing adolescent fertility interventions.
Impaired wound healing after neoadjuvant radiotherapy and resection of soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Bakhshai Yasmin , Klein Alexander , Lindner Lars , Rauch Josefine , Birkenmaier Christof , Jansson Volkmar , Weber Patrick , Dürr Hans Roland 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

In soft tissue sarcomas (STS) radiotherapy (RTx) may be applied pre- or postoperatively with advantages and disadvantages on either side. We examined the effect of preoperative radiation on wound healing in patients with STS of the extremities and the pelvis.
Methods

Between August 2008 and March 2011, 32 patients with an average of 54 years (SD 18.7) and with STS (all Grade 2 or 3) were treated with a planned wide resection after neoadjuvant RTx leaving a rim of uninvolved soft tissue around the tumor. Preoperative RTx was given at an average dose of 51,5 Gy (SD 4.6) and mean follow up was 12.2 months (SD 9.8). The results were compared to a consecutive series of 60 patients treated later on without neoadjuvant RTx.
Results

R0 resection were performed in 31 of 32 patients. Impaired wound healing (IWH) occurred in 19 patients (59%), revision surgery had to be performed in 17 patients (53% of total). Four patients had to undergo 2 or more revisions. One patient had to be amputated and one patient died due to septic complications after revision surgery. IWH was seen more frequently in the lower (18 / 28) than in the upper extremities (1 / 4), yet this was not statistically significant in our series (p = 0.223, Fisher’s exact test). Comorbidities were not found to be of influence. In the control group, revision surgery was necessary in 18% of the patients (p = 0.0006).
Conclusions

Radiotherapy is effective in local tumour control, but causes a high rate of impaired wound healing (59%), if applied prior to surgery. This frequently resulted in one or more revision surgeries delaying the schedule of further therapies. The authors recommend RTx to be applied only in selected cases in a neoadjuvant setting.
Impact of relative dose intensity of oxaliplatin in adjuvant therapy among stage III colon cancer patients on early recurrence: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Żok Jolanta , Bieńkowski Michał , Radecka Barbara , Korniluk Jan , Adamowicz Krzysztof , Duchnowska Renata 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The oxaliplatin-based therapy with FOLFOX-4 or CAPOX administrated over 6 months remains the standard adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer (CC) patients. However, many patients experience dose reduction or early termination of chemotherapy due to oxaliplatin toxicity, which may increase the risk of early recurrence. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between the relative dose intensity of oxaliplatin (RDI-O) and early recurrence among stage III CC patients.
Methods
The study included 365 patients treated at five oncology centers in Poland, between 2000–2014. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis was performed using the Cox’ proportional hazard model; multivariate analysis was performed with the stepwise forward approach. For all analyses the α level of 0.05 was employed.
Results
The median follow-up was 51.8 months (range 8.2-115.1). The early recurrence < 36 months after surgery occurred in 130 patients (37.8%). In this group 51 (39.2%) and 87 (66.9%) at low and high-risk, respectively. Receipt < 60% RDI-O was associated with early recurrence within 18 months after surgery (OR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.18–3.51; p = 0.010), especially in low-risk group (HR = 1.56 (95%CI: 0.96–2.53), p = 0.07). In the multivariate analysis early recurrence were correlated with grade (OR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.25–4.8; p = 0.008), pN (OR = 2.63; 95% CI: 1.55–4.54; p < 0.001), the number of lymph nodes harvested (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29–0.86; p = 0.013) and RDI-O (OR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.06–3.39; p = 0.028). The early vs. late recurrence negatively correlated with OS regardless of the RDI-O (HR = 22.9 (95%CI: 13.9–37.6; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
RDI-O < 60% in adjuvant therapy among stage III CC (especially in low-risk group) increase the risk of early recurrence within 18 months after surgery. Patients with early recurrence showed worse overall survival regardless of the RDI-O.
Novel Promising Technique for Traumatic Pancreatic Injury Management.
Authors: Takrouney Mohammed Hamada , Bothara Vipul Prakash , Jahhav Bhushan , Osman Mohamed Abdelkader , Ibrahim Ibrahim Ali , Eltayeb Almoutaz Ahmed , Mostafa Mahmoud Mohamed , Sandlas Gursev 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Pancreatic injuries in children are relatively uncommon. The precise location of the injury, the status of the main pancreatic duct, and the time between diagnosis and intervention are a potentially useful guide for management decisions. We report a successful endoscopic simple primary repair with the pancreatic preservation even with transected main pancreatic duct without duct stenting.Patients and Methods: Between May 2017and December 2019, 3 patients with pancreatic trauma and duct transection underwent endoscopic (laparoscopic and robotic) repair. Demographics, Operative data, Postoperative complications, and clinical outcomes were documented and analyzed.Results: Three patients with pancreatic fractures, 2 patients with grade IV, and one patient grade III injury. The median age was 11 years, the median time of hospital admission after the trauma was 72 hours. The median time of surgical intervention was 24 hours. Average operative time was160 minute and the average hospital stay was 9 days with no recorded postoperative or follow up complications till now.Conclusion: Primary simple pancreatic repair is a promising and plausible technique for the management of pancreatic trauma, especially with duct transaction it maybe instead of all other modalities of pancreatic trauma treatment. We implore all pediatric surgery centers to espouse this technique.
Correlations between left ventricular and left atrial function assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with treated well-controlled arterial hypertension
Authors: Uziebło-Życzkowska Beata , Krzesiński Paweł 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEven in patients with well-controlled arterial hypertension (AH) and without significant comorbidities left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) strain abnormalities may sometimes be found in speckle-tracking echocardiography. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between LA strain and LV diastolic and systolic function in a group of patients with treated, well-controlled AH.Methods LA contractile, conduit, and reservoir function, together with echocardiographic signs of LV diastolic function and LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS), were assessed in 101 patients with treated, well-controlled AH who met the standard criteria of normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and normal LV diastolic function.ResultA relevant percentage of study participants presented lower than reference LV and LA strain values. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in LA longitudinal strain (LAS) values (LAS during reservoir phase—LASr (p<0.001) and LAS during conduit phase—LAScd (p = 0.008)) between patients with high and lower LV GLS, confirmed by significant correlations between LASr, LAScd, and GLS. In the correlations analysis between LAS values and LV diastolic function parameters, statistical significance was obtained for the following: LASct (contraction) vs. e’avg, LASct vs. E/A, LASct vs. A, LAScd vs. e’avg, LAScd vs. E/A, and LAScd vs. A. Conclusions LV and LA strain abnormalities occurred within a significant percentage of patients with treated, well-controlledAH. Impaired LA strain is associated with lower LV strain and reduced LV diastolic function parameters, reflecting both the passive and active properties of the LA.
A Novel USH2A Variant in a Patient with Hearing Loss and Prenatal Diagnosis of a Familial Fetus: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhou Cong , Xiao Yuanyuan , Xie Hanbing , Liu Shanling , Wang Jing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Usher syndrome (USH) is the most common cause of inherited deaf-blindness. This study aimed to identify pathogenic mutations in a Chinese patient with hearing loss and reviewed the relevant literature.Methods: Genomic DNA obtained from a five-year-old girl with hearing loss was analyzed via the disease-targeted gene panel. Results: We identified the compound heterozygous mutations c.8559-2A>G and c.4749delT in Usher syndrome type 2A (USH2A) gene as the underlying cause of the familial hearing loss; the former variation has been reported in the literature, but not the latter. The parents of the girl were heterozygous carriers. The two variants were pathogenic. Based on these findings, amniotic fluid samples were used for prenatal diagnosis of the couple's fetus, which was found to carry c.4749delT but not c.8559-2A>G variation. During the follow-up period of more than 9 months after the birth of the fetus, it was confirmed that the infant was healthy.Conclusions: We performed genetic diagnosis of Usher syndrome by disease-targeted gene panel and have proven that this method can serve as a rapid, high-throughput, and efficient screening strategy. The novel mutation expands the spectrum of USH2A variants in USH.
Positive Correlation between General Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 Outbreak One Month after First Cases Reported in Indonesia
Authors: Sari Dina Keumala , Amelia Rina , Dharmajaya Ridha , Sari Liza Meutia , Fitri Nadya Keumala 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The increasing number cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infections in the general population in Indonesia raises questions concerning the public’s knowledge and attitudes regarding this pandemic. Objective: To determine the correlation between the general public’s knowledge and attitudes regarding the COVID-19 outbreak one month after the first cases were reported in Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between early March and the end of April 2020 in the general population of Indonesia, beginning with the North Sumatra region, where the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia began. Questionnaires were randomly distributed online in the red zone in Indonesia. Data were collected by collecting people’s responses to the questionnaire, which were distributed via WhatsApp (WA) application and were competed independently by the participants. A descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes of the general population. Results: A total of 201 people had good knowledge (98%) and a positive attitude (96%) regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents had a negative attitude in relation to two aspects of the COVID-19 outbreak: having to always maintain a distance of 1.5 m when in crowds, and not being able to regularly exercise or eat nutritious food (78.6% and 79.1%, respectively). Conclusions: Most people in Indonesia have good knowledge and a positive attitude regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. However, negative attitudes were still found in this study, and as a result, transmission prevention measures cannot reach their maximum effectiveness by simply publicizing the increase in day-to-day cases to the general public.
Incidental Lowering of Otitis-media Complaints in Otitis-prone Children During COVID-19 Pandemic: Not All Evil Comes to Hurt
Authors: Torretta Sara , Capaccio Pasquale , Coro Ilaria , Bosis Samantha , Pace Elisabetta , Tosi Pietro , Pignataro Lorenzo , Marchisio Paola 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Given COVID-19 pandemic periodic outpatient assessment of otitis-prone children regularly followed at our tertiary outpatient clinic of upper respiratory tract infections was discontinued since March 9th. In order to avoid leaving the patients to themselves just during the winter months which are the most critical ones for these children, we kept in touch with the families of 102 children (mean age 41.4±14.0 months) who had had a follow-up visit scheduled during the lockdown, and compensated with telemedicine assessment. This incidentally lead to the unexpected but not at all negative finding that a consistent clinical improvement had been occurred in most (82.3%) of children. A statistically significant reduction in the mean number of documented acute otitis media episodes, otorrhea episodes, and systemic antibiotic treatments during the February-April 2020 period compared to February-April 2019 was attested. Clinical evaluation performed in 27.4% cases revealed normal middle ear findings in all but three (89.3%) children.Conclusion: Our data document a global improvement of otitis-prone children in Milan during the Italian lockdown, as a fortuitous and incidental positive effect of the national lockdown.
Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak: does confinement have any impact on weight variation and weight change perception?
Authors: Haddad Chadia , Zakhour Maha , Siddik Ghina , Haddad Rima , Sacre Hala , Salameh Pascale 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: In the time of confinement, a reduction of physical activities, unhealthy diet, sedentary behavior, and an increase in sitting time will contribute to weight change. During these stressful times, individuals might have a greater concern about their body image and weight. Therefore, the first objective of the current study is to evaluate the impact of confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak on weight variation. The second objective is to evaluate factors associated with weight perception among a sample of the Lebanese population.Method: A cross-sectional web-based online survey, carried out between 3 and 18 April, 2020, enrolled 407 participants. Due to the confinement situation, the height and weight of the participants were estimated by them themselves. The variation of declared BMI was calculated by taking away the weight estimated during the confinement from the weight estimated before the confinement. The perception of weight change was assessed using one dichotomized question (positive/negative). Results: No significant variation was found for the BMI before and during the confinement (p=0.40). A perceived weight change was found in 212 (52.1%) participants. Multivariable analysis showed that longer duration of confinement (Beta=-0.01), higher restraint (Beta=-0.21), higher physical activity (Beta=-0.006) and low income (Beta=-0.59) were significantly associated with a lower BMI variation. When taking perceived weight change as the dependent variable, the results showed that a higher fear of COVID-19 score (ORa=0.96) was significantly associated with lower positive weight change perception. However, higher confinement duration (ORa=1.07), higher anxiety (ORa=1.05) and higher eating concern (ORa=1.81) were significantly associated with greater weight change perception.Conclusion: Our main results indicate that no significant change in weight was detected before and during confinement. The fear of COVID -19 was not related to weight change; however, a negative association was found with weight perception. Also, longer duration of confinement were associated with a lower declared BMI variation and greater weight change perception. These results are a step forward to understand the long-term effects of confinement on physical and psychological health.
Determinants of diet and physical activity in adolescents in Mysore, India: a qualitative study
Authors: Joseph Shama , Krishnaveni G. V. , Kumaran K. , Weller Susie , Ramya M. C. , Krishna Divyashree , Kehoe Sarah H. , Fall Caroline , Hardy-Johnson Polly , Barker Mary 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Adolescence is an important transitional period in which major physical, psychological and cognitive changes occur. Lifestyle habits during this time, particularly related to dietary behaviour and physical activity, strongly influence overall health and non-communicable disease risk in adulthood. There are gaps in knowledge about the determinants of food choices and physical activity habits of adolescents in low and middle income countries.

Objectives

To identify factors which influence the food choices and physical activity habits of adolescents in the South Indian city of Mysore, India.

Methods

Six focus group discussions were conducted in selected urban neighbourhoods of Mysore. Thirty volunteers were recruited by purposive sampling method to include younger (10-12 years old, n=12) and older (15-17 years old, n=12) adolescents, and caregivers of adolescents (n=6). The focus group discussions were conducted by investigators who were native to the region

Results

Despite revealing a propensity for consuming fast foods, adolescents ate home cooked meals regularly, and both young people and their parents were satisfied with the quality of the adolescents’ diets. Also, all participant groups reported that adolescents regularly played and enjoyed games and sports, and did household chores as part of their physical activity. However, the pressure of schoolwork and the increasing amounts of time spent on digital devices including mobile phones were major constraints to being active.

Conclusions

Adolescents and caregivers perceive that Mysore adolescents’ dietary habits remain satisfactory. Academic study was found to be the priority in adolescents’ lives. This is recognized and accepted both socially and culturally as the right choice by parents and young people alike. Therefore, not much time or effort is spent on being active. A contradiction is that although time is considered to be a scarce commodity that necessitates careful partitioning, any surplus time is preferentially spent in playing digital games and interacting on social media. Interventions are needed to increase the amount of physical activity undertaken by Mysore adolescents.
Parental phone use during mealtime with toddlers and the associations with feeding practices and shared family meals: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vik Frøydis Nordgård , Grasaas Erik , Polspoel Maaike E. M. , Røed Margrehte , Hillesund Elisabet Rudjord , Øverby Nina Cecilie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Positive parental feeding practices and a higher frequency of family meals are related to healthier child dietary habits. Parents play an essential role when it comes to the development of their child’s eating habits. However, parents are increasingly distracted by their mobile phone during mealtime. The aim of this study was to describe the feeding practices and daily shared family meals among parents who use and do not use mobile phone during mealtime, and further to explore the associations between the use of mobile phone during mealtime and feeding practices and daily shared family meals, respectively. Methods Cross-sectional data from the Food4toddler study were used to explore the association between mobile use during meals and parental feeding practices including family meals. In 2017/2018 parents of toddlers were recruited through social media to participate in the study. In total 298 out of 404 who volunteered to participate, filled in a baseline questionnaire, including questions from the comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire (CFPQ), questions of frequency of family meals and use of mobile phone during meals. Results Herein, 4 out of 10 parents reported various levels of phone use (meal distraction) during mealtimes. Parental phone use was associated with lower use of positive parental feeding practices like modelling (B= -1.05 (95% CI -1.69; -0.41)) and family food environment (B= -0.77 (95% CI -1.51; -0.03)), and more use of negative parental feeding practices like emotional regulation (B= 0.73 (95% CI 0.32; 1.14)) and the use of pressure to eat (B= 1.22 (95% CI 0.41; 2.03)). Furthermore, parental phone use was associated with a lower frequency of daily family breakfast (OR= 0.50 (95% CI 0.31; 0.82)) and dinner (OR= 0.57 (95% CI 0.35; 0.93)). Conclusions Mobile phone use is common among parents during mealtimes, and findings indicate that parental phone use is associated with less healthy feeding practices and shared family meals. These findings highlight the importance of making parents aware of potential impacts of meal distractions.
Large-scale Long Time-series InSAR Land Subsidence Research in the Pearl River Estuary
Authors: luo xiaowen , Gao Hui , Wu Ziyin , Li Shoujun , Shang Jihong , Zhao Dineng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Due to the influence of human activity and changes in natural conditions, the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) has emerged as a large-scale area of land subsidence, which represents a serious threat to the quality of human life and sustainable socio-economic development. In response to the problems associated with the lack of man-made targets of traditional time-series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) in estuaries and other coastal areas, a distributed scatterers (DS) InSAR method based on a spatially adaptive filter and an eigendecomposition algorithm to estimating the optimal phase of statistically homogeneous DS was applied to obtain subsidence data using 67 scenes Sentinel-1A SAR images covering the PRE. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of land subsidence were analyzed. The results suggest that land subsidence in the PRE was widespread and unevenly distributed with large differences between 2015 and 2018. The northwest and southeast are the main subsidence areas, with a maximum sedimentation rate greater than 25 mm/year.