bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Adhesive for Wound Closure in enhanced-recovery Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized and Controlled Study
Authors: Kong Xiangpeng , Yang Minzhi , Cao Zheng , Chen Jiying , Chai Wei , Wang Yan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : We aimed to present our experience of adopting tissue adhesive as adjunct to standard wound closure in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and evaluate its performance. Methods: From September 2019 to November 2019, we prospectively enrolled consecutive patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral THA in this randomized and controlled study. Standard wound closure was applied on one side of hip while additional tissue adhesive was applied on the other side at random. We collected and analyzed patients’ information, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis, postoperative length of stay (LOS), dressing changes, wound evaluation scores, wound-related cost and complications. Results: Thirty patients with simultaneous bilateral THA were enrolled in this study. During the hospital stay, the times of dressing change in hips with tissue adhesive was significantly less than that in the other hips (p=0.000). However, the wound-related cost in hips with tissue adhesive was significantly higher (p=0.000). According to patients’ feedback at one-month follow-up, wound evaluation of hips with tissue adhesive was significantly better than the other hips (p=0.004). Seventeen patients preferred tissue adhesive and only five patients preferred standard wound closure. Conclusions : Tissue adhesive could significantly reduce wound drainage and increase patients’ satisfaction, which can be an ideal adjunct to standard wound closure in enhanced-recovery THA.
The impact of early neuraminidase inhibitor therapy on clinical outcomes in patients hospitalised with influenza A-related pneumonia: a multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Chen Liang , Han Xiudi , Li YanLi , Zhang Chunxiao , Xing Xiqian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Guidelines emphasize prompt antiviral treatment in severe influenza patients. Although nearly a 50% of severe influenza present with pneumonia, the effect of early (≤ 2 days after illness onset) neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) use on the clinical outcomes of influenza A-related pneumonia (FluA-p) has rarely been assessed. And there is limited data about the administration of NAIs in the real-world management of Flu-p in China. Methods Data of patients hospitalised with FluA-p from five teaching hospitals in China from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The impact of early NAI therapy on the outcomes in FluA-p patients, and the indications of early NAI administration by clinicians were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Results Totally, 693 FluA-p patients were included. Of these patients, 33.5% (232/693) were treated early. After adjusting for weighted propensity scores for treatment, systemic corticosteroid and antibiotic use, a multivariate logistic regression model showed that early NAI therapy was associated with decreased risk for invasive ventilation [ odds ratio ( OR ) 0.511, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.312–0.835, p = 0.007) and 30-day mortality ( OR 0.533, 95% CI 0.210–0.807, p < 0.001) in FluA-p patients. A multivariate logistic regression model confirmed early NAI use ( OR 0.415, 95% CI 0.195–0.858, p = 0.001) was a predictor for 30-day mortality in FluA-p patients and a positive rapid influenza diagnostic test was the only indication ( OR 3.586, 95% CI 1.259–10.219, p < 0.001) related to the prescription of early NAI by clinicians. Conclusions Early NAI therapy is associated with better outcomes in FluA-p patients. Improved education and training of clinicians on the guidelines of influenza are needed.
Corneal Thickness and Endothelial Morphology in Normal Thai Eyes
Authors: Tananuvat Napaporn , Khumchoo Natawan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to determine the influence of age on central corneal thickness and corneal endothelial morphology as well as to identify the relationship between them in normal Thai eyes.

Methods and Analysis

Non-contact specular microscopy was performed in volunteers stratified into seven age groups ranging from 11-88 years. The corneal endothelial parameters studied included central corneal thickness (CCT),endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation in cell size (CV), cell area (CA) and percentage of regular hexagonal cells.

Results

In a total of 501 subjects (1002 eyes),the mean age was 43.12 ± 18.80 years and 347(69.3%) were females. The mean CCT, ECD, CV, CA, and hexagonality was 533.80 ± 33.00 μm, 2,732±258 cell/mm 2 , 37.61 ± 6.76%, 369.04 ± 37.90 μm, and 49.03% ± 7.53%, respectively. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between age and CCT (r = -0.215, P <0.001), ECD (r = -0.496, P <0.001), and hexagonality (r = -0.265, P <0.001). The CV and CA directly correlated with age (r = 0.242, P <0.001 and r = 0.470, P <0.001).The estimate rate of endothelial cell loss was 0.2% per year. There was no correlation between CCT and ECD (P = 0.106).

Conclusion

Normative data for corneal endothelial morphology in healthy Thai eyes showed that ECD, CCT, and hexagonality were significantly decreased, while CV and CA were increased with aging. The central corneal thickness did not correlate with the endothelial cell density.
Evaluation of enhanced external counterpulsation therapy for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Lin Lixia , Zhu Wenhui , Ma Nan , Lin Xiaofeng , Yang Hui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background To explore the effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) and its underlying influencing factors in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) patients. Methods Patients at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center with recent-onset (<8 weeks) NAION were retrospectively recruited. The patients had decided whether or not they would undergo EECP treatment, and the patients who declined were included in the control group. The effectiveness of EECP was evaluated by comparing the visual function and fellow eye involvement in patients with and without EECP treatment. Results In total, 61 patients (76 eyes) were included. Twenty-nine patients (37 eyes) underwent EECP treatment, while 32 patients (39 eyes) were included in the control group. Mean time from NAION onset to EECP initiation was 27.59±16.70 days. In the EECP group, the mean EECP duration was 31.57±18.45 days. EECP was well tolerated by all patients. However, there was no significant difference in visual function between the EECP and control groups, regardless of time to treatment initiation. Furthermore, there was no evidence of the effectiveness of EECP in the subgroup analysis of patients with different systemic health conditions. Among the 42 patients with monocular NAION, the sequential attack rate was comparable between the EECP (27.78%) and control (25.00%) groups. Conclusion This study is the first nonrandomized controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of EECP in NAION patients. Unfortunately, we failed to demonstrate the effectiveness of EECP in NAION at the 6-month follow-up. Any further application of EECP in NAION patients should be cautious.
Distinctive nursing practices in working with mothers to care for hospitalised children at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a descriptive observational study
Authors: North Natasha , Leonard Angela , Bonaconsa Candice , Duma Thobeka , Coetzee Minette 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The presence of family members and their active involvement in caring for hospitalised children is an established practice in many African paediatric settings, with family members often regarded as a resource. This aspect of African paediatric nursing practice lacks formal expression or a clear conceptual basis, and difficulties arise when applying concepts of family involvement originating from the culturally distinct practice environments of higher resourced settings including Europe and America. The aim of this study was to articulate a nurse-led practice innovation intended to facilitate family involvement in the care of hospitalised children, observed in a paediatric inpatient ward in a district hospital in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Methods: A qualitative case study design was used. Data collection included visual research methods (graphic facilitation, sociograms and photo-elicitation) as well as a focus group, interviews and practice observation. Activities associated with 20 nurses and 22 mother-child dyads were observed. Data were subjected to content analysis, with Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) applied.
Results: Findings relate to six aspects of practice, categorised thematically as: preserving the mother-child pair; enabling continuous presence; psychological support and empathy; sharing knowledge; mothers as a resource; and belief and trust.
Conclusion: The nursing practices and organisational policies observed in this setting relating to the facilitation of continuous maternal presence represent a distinctive nursing practice innovation. This deliberate practice contrasts with models of care provision which originate in higher resourced settings including Europe and America, such as Family Centred Care, and contrasts with informal practices in local African settings which tolerate the presence of mothers in other settings, as well as local institutional policies which limit mothers’ presence to varying extents.
Sahaj Samadhi Meditation versus a Health Enhancement Program for depression in chronic pain: protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial and Implementation Evaluation
Authors: Sud Abhimanyu , Nelson Michelle L. A. , Cheng Darren K. , Armas Alana , Foat Kirk , Greiver Michelle , Hosseiny Fardous , Katz Joel , Moineddin Rahim , Mulsant Benoit H. , Newman Ronnie I. , Rivlin Leon , Vasudev Akshya , Upshur Ross 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite the high prevalence of comorbid chronic pain and depression, this comorbidity remains understudied. Meditation has demonstrated efficacy for both chronic pain and depression independently, yet there have been few studies examining its effectiveness when both conditions are present concurrently. Furthermore, while meditation is generally accepted as a safe and effective health intervention, little is known about how to implement meditation programs within or alongside the healthcare system. Methods: We will conduct a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation evaluation. To measure effectiveness, we will conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing Sahaj Samadhi Meditation (SSM) versus the Health Enhancement Program (HEP) in 160 people living with chronic pain, clinically significant depressive symptoms, and on long-term opioid therapy. Changes in depressive symptoms will be our primary outcome; pain severity, pain related function, opioid use, and quality of life will be the secondary outcomes. The primary endpoint will be at 12 weeks with a secondary endpoint at 24 weeks to measure sustainability of acute effects. Patients will be recruited from a community-based chronic pain clinic in a large urban centre in Mississauga, Canada. The meditation program will be delivered in the clinical environment where patients normally receive their chronic pain care by certified meditation teachers who are not regulated healthcare providers. We will use a mixed-methods design using the multi-level framework to understand the implementation of this particular co-location model. Discussion: Results of this hybrid evaluation will add important knowledge about the effectiveness of meditation for managing depressive symptoms in people with chronic pain. The implementation evaluation will inform both effectiveness outcomes and future program development, scalability, and sustainability. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04039568, registered July 31, 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04039568
Loss to follow-up and associated maternal factors among HIV-exposed infants at the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda: A retrospective study
Authors: Ankunda Rogers , Cumber Samuel Nambile , Atuhaire Catherine , Taseera Kabanda , Nkfusai Claude Ngwayu , Wirsiy Frankline Sevidzem , Eleanor Turyakira 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Loss to follow-up (LTFU) deprives HIV-exposed infants the lifesaving care required and results in exposing HIV free infants to virus requisition risk. We aimed to determine the rate of LTFU, postnatal mother-to-child HIV-transmission and to identify maternal factors associated with LTFU among HIV-exposed infants enrolled at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital PMTCT clinic. Methods Study participants were infants born to HIV-positive mothers enrolled in the PMTCT clinic for HIV care at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. While access database in the Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) clinic provided data on infants, the open medical record system database at the ISS clinic provided that for mothers. Infants were classified as LTFU if they had not complete their follow-up schedule by 18 months of age. At 18 months, an infant is expected to receive a rapid diagnostic test before being discharged from the PMTCT clinic. Postnatal MTCT of HIV was calculated as a proportion of infants followed and tested from birth to 18 months of age. Logistic regression was used to determine possible associations between mothers’ characteristics and LTFU. In-depth interviews of mothers of LTFU infants and health workers who attend to the HIV-exposed infants were carried out to identify factors not captured in the electronic database. Results Out of 1624 infants enrolled at the clinic, 533 (33%) were dropped for lack of mother’s clinic identification number, 18 (1.1%) were either dead or transferred out. Out of 1073 infants analysed, 515 (48%) were LTFU while out of the 558 who completed their follow-up schedule, 20 (3.6%) tested positive for HIV. Young age of mother, far distance to hospital and non-use of family planning were identified as outstanding factors responsible for LTFU. In addition, in-depth interviews revealed facility-level factors such as “waiting time”. Conclusion This study has revealed a high rate of LTFU among HIV-exposed infants enrolled at Mbarara Regional Referral hospital PMTCT clinic. Young maternal age, long distance to health facility and failure to use family planning were significantly associated with LTFU. Incorporating family planning services in the ART and PMTCT clinics could reduce LTFU of these infants.
Sequence variation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein may facilitate stronger interaction with ACE2 promoting high infectivity
Authors: Shah Masaud , Ahmad Bilal , Choi Sangdun , Woo Hyun Goo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is a novel beta coronavirus emerged in China in 2019. Coronavirus uses spike glycoprotein to interact with host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and ensure cell recognition. High infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 raises questions on spike-ACE2 binding affinity and its neutralization by anti-SARS-CoV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here, we observed Val-to-Lys417 mutation in the receptor-binding domains (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, which established a Lys-Asp electrostatic interaction enhancing its ACE2-binding. Pro-to-Ala475 substitution and Gly482 insertion in the AGSTPCNGV-loop of RBD hindered neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by anti-SARS-CoV mAbs. In addition, we identified unique and structurally conserved conformational-epitopes on RBDs, which can be potential therapeutic targets. Collectively, we provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and development of new effective neutralizing agents.
The Effect of the Practical Intimate Relationship Skills Training (PAIRS) on marital satisfaction and adjustment and sexual function of women living with HIV: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: kia Akram , Jozani Zahra Bayat , Kabir Kourosh , salehi leili , mahmoodi zohreh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : Considering the role of marital satisfaction and adjustment in family functioning, that can be influenced by specific diseases such as HIV / AIDS, this study was conducted to determine the effect of the Practical Intimate Relationship Skills Training (PAIRS) on marital satisfaction and adjustment and sexual function in women living with HIV (WLHA). Methods : In a randomized controlled trial 44 WLHA, referred to behavioral disease counseling clinic at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 2019, were randomly divided into intervention and control groups based on four randomized blocks. Eight sessions of educational counseling were provided once a week for both group. At the beginning, at the end and four weeks after the training the Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire, Spinner marital adjustment and Rosen sexual function questionnaires were completed and analyzed with SPSS-21 software. Results : This study showed no significant difference between total score of marital satisfaction, marital adjustment and sexual function before the intervention. Rate of marital satisfaction (P = 0.003), marital adjustment (P = 0.03) and female sexual function (p <0.001) were significantly increased in the intervention group immediately and one month after the intervention. The results also indicated that 77.9% of the changes in post-test scores of marital satisfaction, 76% of marital adjustment and 94.9% of sexual function were related to the intervention effect, demonstrating a sustainable effect of educational intervention (< 0.001). Conclusion : PAIRS can improve marital satisfaction and adjustment, and sexual function in WLHA, and affect quality of family function. Trial registration : Keywords : Marital Satisfaction, Marital Adjustment, Sexual Function, Practical Application of Intimate Relationship Skills; PAIRS
The trajectory of high sensitivity C-reactive protein is associated with incident diabetes in Chinese adults
Authors: Xu Ren-ying , Jiang Xiaomin , Fan Zhuping , Wan Yanping , Gao Xiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background We performed a cohort study to evaluate the association between the CRP trajectory and incident diabetes in Chinese adults. Methods Included were 6,439 adults (4,111 men and 2,249 women; aged 46.6±11.9 years). The concentration of high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) was measured in 2013 (baseline), 2014, and 2015. The hs-CRP trajectory was identified based the above three measurements by latent mixture modeling. Incident diabetes cases were diagnosed by fasting blood glucose (≥126mg/dl) or Hb A1c (≥6.5%) during subsequent three years (2016-2018). Results Hs-CRP level during 2013 -2015 was classified into 3 levels: low (<1.0 mg/L), moderate (1.0–3.0 mg/L), and high (≥3.0 mg/L) based on a statement by American Heart Association. We named four hs-CRP trajectories as following: “low-stable” (low in 2013 and maintained at low level in 2014 and 2015), “moderate-fluctuated” (moderate in 2013, then increased to high level in 2014, and decreased to low level in 2015), “high-decreased” (high in 2013 but decreased to moderate level in 2014 and 2015), and “moderate-increased (moderate in 2013 and increased to high level in 2014 and 2015)”. We identified 235 incident diabetes during subsequent three years. The adjusted HR for incident diabetes was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.02, 2.87) comparing the moderate-increased and the low-stable group, after adjusting for potential confounders. In the secondary analyses, baseline hs-CRP level and the average of hs-CRP were associations between higher hs-CRP concentration and higher diabetes risk were observed (P-trend<0.01 for both). Conclusions The hs-CRP trajectory pattern was associated with altered incident diabetes in Chinese adults.
Pathogenicity of trypanosomes in relation to 1 drug sensitivity: comparative studies between a drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense strain in murine-and bovine model
Authors: Ngumbi Anna , Mnyone Ladslaus 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Indiscriminate exposure of Trypanosoma congolense and other trypanosomes to trypanocides have led to emergence of resistant strains, which increasingly undermine the control efforts against tsetse transmitted animal trypanosomosis. Despite the increasing trend of resistance, no studies have conducted to assess whether or not drug sensitivity affects the pathogenicity of T. congolense and other predominant species. Methods: We compared the pathogenicity of two strains of trypanosomes: drug-sensitive Trypanosoma congolense -Mikese and drug-resistant T. congolense Mbagala. These strains were isolated from cattle at Mikese, Morogoro region and Mbagala, Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania, respectively. Experimental mice and cattle were infected with either tryapnosomes and monitored for rectal temperature, prepatent period, parasitemia, packed cell volume (PCV), survival and clinical manifestations. Drug sensitivity status of either strains was re-confirmed before pathogenicity testing. Results: Mean rectal temperature was higher in mice infected with T. congolense -sensitive strain (p=0.049, 95% CI= 0.003-1.13). Mean prepatent period of resistant strain in mice and cattle was shorter than that of sensitive strain. The mean level of parasitemia was significantly higher in resistant- (7.5±0.8) than in sensitive-strain (6.5±0.8) (p<0.001, 95% CI= -1.28 to -0.68). Mice infected with resistant strain were relatively dull and lethargic compared to those infected with sensitive strain. The decline PCV was higher in cattle infected with sensitive- strain than resistant-strain (p=0.041, 95% CI, -6.97 to -0.17). Conclusion: Pathogenicity of the two Trypanosoma congolense strains varied significantly across host species. The resistant strain was highly pathogenic in mice and less so in cattle. Contrarily, the sensitive strain was highly pathogenic to cattle and less so to mice. As such, this study emphasizes variations on the pathways by which different trypanosomes act upon the host; thus warranting subsequent studies using large number of experimental animals, preferentially cattle, in view of reflecting the field situation.
Being Pro-Active in Meeting the Needs of Suicide-Bereaved Survivors: results from a systematic audit in Montreal
Authors: LIGIER Fabienne , Rassy Jessica , Fortin Gabrielle , Haaster Ian van , Doyon Claude , Brouillard Charlie , Séguin Monique , Lesage Alain 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Suicide is a major public health concern that affects some 3,500 individuals a year in Canada. According to the literature, each suicide affects an average of six people. The aim of this study was to describe the met and unmet needs of suicide-bereaved survivors and to formulate postvention recommendations. Methods In the context of an exploratory mixed-methods audit of 39 suicides that occurred in Montreal (Canada) in 2016, suicide-bereaved survivors ( n = 29) participated in semi-structured interviews and completed instruments to assess pathological grief, depression (PHQ-9), and anxiety (GAD-7). Results Mean age of participants was 57.7 years; 23 were women. Although help was offered initially, in most cases by a health professional or service provider (16/29), 22 survivors would have liked to be contacted by telephone in the first two months post suicide. Four categories of individual unmet needs (medical/pharmacological, information, support, and outreach) and one collective unmet need (suicide pre/postvention training and delivery) emerged. Conclusions Although there have been provincial initiatives in favor of suicide-bereaved survivors in the past decade, many dwindled over time and none has been applied systematically. Recommendations for different stakeholders (Ministry of Health and Social Services, coroners, NGOs, and representatives of suicide-bereaved survivors) outlined in this study could be an interesting first step to help develop a provincial suicide pre/postvention strategy.