bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seawater Exposure Effect on Fly Ash based Geopolymer Concrete with Inclusion of Steel Fiber
Authors: Yahya Zarina , Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al , Jing Leow Yee , Li Long-Yuan , Razak Rafiza Abd 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Concrete is widely used in construction offshore such as concrete floating bridges and sea tank. This research is providing an alternative construction material to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete known as geopolymer. The geopolymer concrete was produced by mixing fly ash with alkaline activator and 3% of steel fibre in order to improve the properties of fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete (FRGPC). The effects of aging period in term of strength, changes in weight and carbonation of FRGPC in seawater is investigated and compared with the fiber reinforced concrete (FROPC). The compressive strength obtained for FRGPC were higher than FROPC. The highest compressive strength obtained by FRGPC is 76.87 MPa at 28 days and 45.63 MPa at 28 days for FROPC concrete. The compressive strength was decreased as the period of immersing the concrete in seawater is increased. During the immersion process of both samples in seawater up to 120 days, the carbonation was not detected even though with the existence of steel fibres.
Development of Geopolymer Ceramic as a Potential Reinforcing Material in Solder Alloy: Short review
Authors: Zulkifli Nadiah ‘Izzati , Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al , Mohd Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar , Ahmad Romisuhani , Sandu Andrei Victor , Mohd Mortar Nurul Aida 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, the consumption of lead-free solder has been widely used around the world since the utilization of SnPb solder has been banned and restricted by European Union. Variety of studies have been conducted by the researchers to find an alternative to replace the usage of SnPb such as SnCu, SAC, SnAg and etc. However, the development of plain lead-free solder was declared to provide low mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties in terms of interfacial intermetallic compound and wettability towards its solder joint compare to the traditionally monolithic SnPb solder alloy. Mostly, previous studies stated that addition of some additives such as ceramic particles (Si
3
N
4, TiO
2, SiC, NiO and etc) may improves the solder joint reliability. At the same time, no major studies were done using geopolymer ceramic as reinforcing agent in plain matrix alloy. Therefore, this paper reviews the fabrication process of multiple geopolymer-based ceramic such as fly ash, kaolin, and slag as reinforcement in solder alloy. The development process includes the processing method of geopolymer ceramic and the characterization of geopolymer ceramic as reinforcing material consist of; i) chemical composition, and ii) phase identification.
Mechanical Properties of Coconut Shell Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites with the Presence of Titanium Dioxide as Additional Filler
Authors: Shahidan Nurzarihah , Abu Bakar Mohamad Bashree , Mohamed Mazlan , Lazim Azwan Mat , Janvekar Ayub Ahmed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites filled with coconut shell (CS) powder was prepared by compression molding technique. To improve the mechanical and physical properties of CS-UPE composites, titanium dioxide (TiO2) filler was added. CS also undergo two types of chemical treatment which were alkaline (NaOH) and silane treatment. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to investigate the changes of fibers chemical constituents after the two chemical treatments have been done. CS-TiO2-UPE composites was characterized with physical testing (density, water absorption and thickness swelling), mechanical properties (tensile and flexural test) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall, the result shows that, the presence of CS and TiO2 filler in UPE composites demonstrated the highest density. For water absorption and thickness swelling study, it was observed that the treated CS-UPE composites showed lower water absorption properties in comparison to those of untreated CS-UPE composites. The presence of TiO2 filler showed an increased in those water absorption properties but still low compared to CS filled UPE. Both chemical treatment of CS caused a significant increase in the tensile and flexural properties. The presence of TiO2 filler demonstrated a significant improvement in modulus properties but at the expense of strength properties. SEM investigation has shown that the surface modification of CS has better fiber-matrix interaction. Thus, chemical treatments on the CS improve fiber/matrix adhesion of UPE composites.
Food Waste Quantification and Characterization as a Measure towards Effective Food Waste Management in University
Authors: Kamaruddin Mohamad Anuar , Jantira Nurul Nadia , Alrozi Rasyidah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Globally, one-third of the food produced is wasted or underutilized which accounted for about 1.3 billion tonnes of food. If the food waste (FW) is disposed of in the landfill, it decomposes under the anaerobic condition that releases methane gas, a harmful greenhouse gas. FW is also referring as biodegradable materials where it has a higher moisture content that easily breakdown by the microbe and could produce odor problems. Thus, a study on FW generation rate and its characteristics were carried out. Physical and chemical characteristics of the FW which include the density, food waste composition, the generation rate, pH, moisture content, ash content, C/N ratio and the calorific value were determined based on the Malaysian Standard MS 2505:2012. Based on the field and laboratory work analysis, it was observed that the generation rate for the café A and B was between 0.04 kg/cap/day to 0.112 kg/cap/day and 0.01 kg/cap/day to 0.119 kg/cap/day. Meanwhile, the density of the FW was in the range between 0.035 kg/m3 to 0.077 kg/m3. Based on the standard method recommendation, 5 compositions were tabulated which include FW, plastic film, plastic rigid, paper and others (aluminum, steel and etc. ). Food waste demarcated was further divided into five categories such as rice, noodles, vegetable, shells and meat & bones. Rice and noodles produced the largest amount which was 52.50% and 55.52%. Moisture content and an ash content of the FW was recorded at 71.52% and 25.31% where it was slightly acidic (6.16) in nature. The calorific value for wet and dried FW was 4539.914 kcal/kg and 2091.3 kcal/kg. Based on the result obtained, the suitable method to treat food waste from the cafeteria was proposed.
Impact of network expansions on energy losses in compressed air
Authors: Perz Karolina , Rewolińska Aleksandra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Compressed air is a very widely used energy medium, used in various fields. Is one of the most widespread, but also one of the most expensive working media used in modern industry. According to studies available in the literature in Australia and the European Union, energy consumption by compressed air systems accounts for about 10% of total industrial energy consumption, while in the United States it accounts for 30% of total electricity consumption. In addition, these systems are one of the least efficient forms of energy - only about 10-30% of the energy generated by the compressor reaches the end point. This is primarily due to a change in the form of energy (e.g. heat), but also leaks in the network and inefficient use. During operation in the compressed air network, pressure losses (linear and local) occur as a result of pipeline construction as well as pressure losses caused by the use of devices and elements responsible for maintaining adequate air quality (local losses) in the network. The pressure drop caused by the pipeline elements will depend on the extent of the network, the diameter of the pipeline, the number of places where there is a change in the direction of air flow (elbows, venturi, etc.). However, the losses caused by the use of treatment elements will depend on the expected air quality (number of filtration stages, appropriate air dryer) as well as on the network operation time (e.g. air filter contamination). The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of compressed air network extensions on energy losses resulting from, among others friction during flow. The values of these losses depend on many parameters such as efficiency, air flow speed, diameter and length of the pipeline. Knowledge about the correlation of these parameters will allow for proper selection of compression devices, as well as for optimal design of the pneumatic network.
Automatic systems supporting research on modern materials and industrial bonding technologies
Authors: Wojciechowski R , Bąkała M , Rylski A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Industrial bonding technologies, including soldering and brazing, operate on solid-liquid phase boundaries. Commonly applied in many areas of industry (such as electronics, metallurgy or aviation), these bonding processes rely on the wetting of joining surfaces using a liquid bonding material. Understanding the wetting process and quantitative description of its parameters enables the design of new materials and joining technologies, as well as the optimization of existing methods. From the primary interfacial impact parameters, i.e. the contact angle and surface tension, the dynamics of the wetting process can be determined, including adhesive tension. This article investigates two independent measurement systems for wetting parameters in industrial brazing technologies: the sessile drop method and the Wilhelmy plate method. Both methods can be applied effectively in research on wetting processes. The measurement systems are compared in an example study.
Influence of quenching temperature of the individual quenching method on the geometrical dimensions of the elements
Authors: Wołowiec-Korecka E , Zgórniak P , Brewka A , Krupanek K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The quenching process is related to the internal-stress phenomena, resulting in geometric changes (distortions). In this paper, the impact of hardening temperature on the quenching distortions occurring during low-pressure carburizing with gas quenching using the individual quenching method was analyzed. The reference elements were subjected to carburizing at 980°C, followed by gas quenching at temperatures of 860°C, 920°C and 980°C. The geometrical measurements of the elements were made before and after the chemical treatment and the size of the quenching distortions of their geometrical parameters was determined: external and internal diameters as well as ring thickness. The study examined whether there is a statistically significant difference between the geometrical dimensions of the elements before and after the thermo-chemical treatment for the elements in three temperature groups. It was shown that for the ring thickness parameter there are no significant differences between the groups of elements before and after heat treatment for the temperature 980°C, while for the temperature 860°C and 920°C these changes are significant. However, for external diameter bottom, there is always a difference regardless of temperature. For the single piece-flow vacuum carburizing with gas quenching using the individual quenching method, it is advisable to use the highest possible quenching temperatures to reduce quenching distortions.
Sound Recognition of Four Stroke Manual Transmission Motorcycle Engine’s Damage
Authors: Santoso H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sound recognition that learns about the source of a sound, which is then used as a reference in learning. Sound recognition referred to in this study is the sound produced from the sound of a motorcycle engine. From the sound of the engine, the sound is then studied more and the results of the recorded sound are then used as objects of research. The management of motorcycle engine sound is carried out using Matlab and assisted by using the HMM (Hidden Markov Model) method with GMM (Gaussian Mixture Model) where HMM is used as chain pattern formation and GMM is used as a sound matching pattern. In this study indeed really learns from every sound of a motorcycle engine that will be used as a sample in the laboratory. From the sound of a motorcycle engine that is heard by the human ear can already indicate the conditions and eligibility limits of the motorcycle. Therefore, from this study trying to find answers to each condition and type of damage from a motorcycle through the sound of a motorcycle engine. With this research, it can help the vehicle owner, because the results of this study warn the vehicle owner to immediately conduct a scale check at the nearest official workshop and from this study also provide benefits and benefits for researchers and motorcycle vehicle owners to find out the condition of the damage early vehicles and help prevent them so as not to cause severe damage which can add air pollution in the city of Dili, East Timor. And the results of existing research are very helpful both for researchers, mechanics and motorcycle vehicle owners.
LoRa Gateway as Internet of Things (IoT) Infrastructure Components on Undip Vocational School
Authors: Tadeus D Y , Yuniarto  , Mangkusasmito F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept that aims to broaden the benefits of continuously connected internet connectivity. The IoT concept infrastructure can be built using existing digital communication standard protocols such as Wifi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, but these three standards have limitations in terms of distance and power consumption. The LoRa communication protocol is a special communication standard that emphasises the aspects of long-distance, low power, low data transfer at relatively low prices. It utilises a gateway to forward messages from nodes. This research focuses on the implementation of open and low-cost LoRa gateway, which will be installed in the area of the Diponegoro University Vocational School Semarang. Communication functionality is tested using The Things Network server. The coverage range of gateway was tested by recording RSSI and SNR values received by the gateway. Test results show RSSI readings above -100 dBm at a radius below 100 m from the gateway. RSSI and SNR values appear to drop dramatically in low elevation conditions, especially if the position of the node-gateway is almost obstructed by the ground surface. The surface obstacle in the form of dense trees and thick buildings also contribute to reducing the quality of signal reception.
Multilevel Thresholding Image Segmentation based on Autonomous Groups Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Murinto  
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Multilevel thresholding problems based on Otsu criteria are discussed in this paper. One weakness of the Otsu method is that computational time increases exponentially according to the number of thresholding dimensions. In this paper, a modified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm called Autonomous Groups Particles Swarm Optimization (AGPSO) is proposed to reduce two problems trapped in local minima and a slow convergence rate in solving high-dimensional problems. AGPSO is used for multilevel thresholding image segmentation. The performance of AGPSO is compared with standard PSO on three natural images. The parameters used to compare the performance of AGPSO and PSO are SSIM, PSNR, Computation Time, optimal threshold obtained from each algorithm. From the experimental results show that AGPSO is better when compared to PSO in image segmentation, from the resulting fitness value and higher SSIM and PNSR values.
Detection of Mad Lazim Harfi Musyba Images Uses Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Noeman A , Handayani D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Reading of Al Quran is an obligation for all Muslims. Lack of knowledge about the knowledge of recitation in reading the Al Quran is certainly a problem. The purpose of this study makes it easier for everyone to learn the law of recitation, especially Madd Lazim Harfi Musyba in the Al Quran verses. The method used is one of the deep neural network methods, namely Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), as real-time detection of the law of Madd Lazim Harfi Musyba, implementation of the method using the help of Tensorflow GPU (Graphic Processor Unit) library. The results of trials with the Deep Convolutional Neural Network model show the detection performance of 9 verses with an average accuracy of 93.25%. The conclusion is that the training data on the CNN model is very reliable in detecting the Mad lazim harfi musyba law. Therefore this system can be used to assist in applying the Mad Lazim Hafi Musyba legal recitation while reading the Al Quran.
QOS Analysis of Routing Protocol Babel on Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET)
Authors: Wijayanto A , Adhitama R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The unequal access to internet communication infrastructure in most parts of Indonesia can cause difficulties for people in the area to communicate. As an alternative communication, the mobile ad-hoc network requires a reliable routing algorithm. Quality of service is vital to address the problem of communications in the mobile ad-hoc network. This study analyzes the quality of service routing protocol babel on a mobile ad-hoc network. Test carried out using 3 scenarios, namely testing feasibility condition, self-healing, and delay, jitter, packet loss, and throughput on multihop condition. Values delay and jitter generated by the scenario testing conducted according to the standards TIPHON into the category of a very good and good. In the packet loss data capture value generated by the scenario testing conducted according to the standards TIPHON into the category of good and bad, but most of the values obtained into the bad category. At throughput data capture value generated by the scenario testing conducted according to the standards TIPHON into the category of good, medium and bad but mostly the value obtained in the category of good.
Preservation potential of lemon basil essential oil on tofu: Development of a natural food preservative
Authors: Hamad A , Ramadhan M B , Dewi D Y S , Djalil A D , Hartanti D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of lemon basil (Ocimum × africanum Lour.) has been described. This activity can be elaborated further and possibly applied for natural foods preservative. In this study, the constituents of lemon basil essential oil were analysed, and its preservation potential on the tofu was evaluated. The essential oil was distilled from dried plant materials using a steam and water distillation process. The constituents of essential oil of lemon basil were analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. Its application for preservation of tofu was evaluated based on its capacity in inhibiting the growth of bacteria on the tofu as well as the physical observation of the tofu during ten days of preservation at room temperature. The lemon basil essential oil constituted of 21 constituents, with a high fraction of oxygenated compounds, including neral and geranial, were detected. Lemon basil essential oil at an optimum concentration of 3.125 mg/ml inhibited the bacterial growth on the tofu during storage and improved its shelf life up to 4 days.
Mass Transfer Coefficient Study of Shogaol Extraction in Ginger Using Subcritical Water
Authors: Yulianto M E , Amalia R , Paramita V , Hartati I , Nisa’ Q A K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has bioactive components such as shogaol and zingerone which are able to mediate cardiac contractions, are antioxidant, antiproliferative and apoptosis. To increase the economic value, it is necessary to develop a process of extracting ginger active compounds through subcritical water. The superiority of hydrothermal extraction by using water is easy to get, cheap, abundant availability, high purity, non-toxic and easy to handle. This study aims to obtain data on the mass transfer coefficient of the extraction process of ginger bioactive compounds such as shogaol through subcritical water. These data are very much needed in the design and scale-up of the extractor tool. The results of the study show that hydrothermal extraction using subcritical water can increase the content of Shogaol compounds, compared to conventional extraction processes such as soxhletation, percolation, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave extraction, and ultrasonic extraction. Mass transfer coefficient (Kla) in the model mass transfer extraction of shogaol, ginger using subcritical water respectively 3,7503 s−1, 3,6912 s-1, 0.31435 s-1.
Landslide Analysis Study and Cisewu Countermeasures in District, Garut Regency, West Java
Authors: Salimah A , Ammar M , Rahmawati D , Yelvi  , Tri Widya S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cisewu-Garut is one of the landslide-prone areas in Indonesia which occurs almost every year, particularly in the rainy season. The landslide in this study takes place in the slope where a BTS tower is located. The peripheral fence is hanging due to ground movement, while housings stay beneath the foot of the slope. This problem could harm its surroundings and needs immediate countermeasures to prevent any hazard. At the initial stage, a survey is conducted to investigate slope condition, soil state (including soil test), and drainage. Based on available soil data, the second stage is slope stability analysis by creating a model corresponding to real condition data using the element method to Plaxis2D software. As for the third stage, a landslide disaster prevention is established by strengthening the foot of slope using gabion and retaining walls. The gabion wall cage dimension would be 5m wide and 2.5m tall. Two retaining walls by the size of 2m high to 1m wide and 1m high to 0.6m wide are build. The result of slope stability analysis is an increase of safety factor by 1.729, which existing factor is 1.244. The countermeasures also involve drainage refinement and water flow diversion so that water will not penetrate to landslide zone.
Effect of change of channel width in the downstream of the check dam on controlling sedimentation in Mrica Reservoir
Authors: Ulfiana D , Wulandari D A , Parmantoro P N , Susilowati  
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The increasing sedimentation of Mrica reservoir shows that the sedimentation control has not been effective. The sedimentation control has been made include the disposal of sediments that settle in the reservoir by dredging or flushing. However, the results are not optimal. This is caused by the large volume of sediment entering the reservoir each year. The controlling volume of sediment that goes into the reservoir has also been carried out by conducting a watershed conservation program and building a check dam in the upstream Mrica reservoir. However, the existing check dam is still less effective in controlling sediments, especially suspended load sediments, that are transported in the river. Therefore this study was carried out by adopting the sediment trap concept to deposit sediments that escaped from the check dam. This study simulated changes in the width of the downstream channel of the check dam by three variations using HEC-RAS. There was a width of 20%, 40%, and 60% wider than the initial width. The results showed the effect of changing the channel width on volume sediment deposited. Based on the results of the study, the change in width to wider than the initial width could increase the volume of sediment deposits.