bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early mobilisation after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation: results of the MobiTAVI trial
Authors: Vendrik J. , Vlastra W. , van Mourik M. S. , Delewi R. , Beijk M. A. , Lemkes J. , Wykrzykowska J. J. , de Winter R. J. , Henriques J. S. , Piek J. J. , Vis M. M. , Koch K. T. , Baan J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Immobilisation of patients after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TF-TAVI) is the standard of care, mostly to prevent vascular complications. However, immobilisation may increase post-operative complications such as delirium and infections. In this trial, we determine whether it is feasible and safe to implement early ambulation after TF-TAVI.

Methods
We prospectively included TF-TAVI patients from 2016 to 2018. Patients were assessed for eligibility using our strict safety protocol and were allocated (based on the time at which the procedure ended) to the EARLY or REGULAR group.

Results
A total of 150 patients (49%) were deemed eligible for early mobilisation, of which 73 were allocated to the EARLY group and 77 to the REGULAR group. The overall population had a mean age of 80 years, 48% were male with a Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS-PROM) score of 3.8 ± 1.8. Time to mobilisation was 4 h 49 min ± 31 min in the EARLY group versus 20 h 7 min ± 3 h 6 min in the REGULAR group (p < 0.0001). There were no differences regarding the primary endpoint. No major vascular complications occurred and a similar incidence of minor vascular complications was seen in both groups (4/73 [5.5%] vs 6/77 [7.8%], p = 0.570). The incidence of the combined secondary endpoint was lower in the EARLY group (p = 0.034), with a numerically lower incidence for all individual outcomes (delirium, infections, pain and unplanned urinary catheter use).

Conclusion
Early mobilisation (ambulation 4–6 h post-procedure) of TF-TAVI patients is feasible and safe. Early ambulation decreases the combined incidence of delirium, infections, pain and unplanned urinary catheter use, and its adoption into contemporary TAVI practice may therefore be beneficial.
Ammoniacal nitrogen removal by Eichhornia crassipes-based phytoremediation: process optimization using response surface methodology
Authors: Ting W. H. T. , Tan I. A. W. , Salleh S. F. , Abdul Wahab N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEutrophication is a serious environmental issue that needs urgent concern. There is necessity to treat wastewater with high ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) concentration to the permissible standard limit to protect the aquatic ecosystem. This study investigated the optimum condition for AN removal from wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes-based phytoremediation process. Face-centered central composite design (CCD) was employed as the experimental design, in which four operational variables including pH (4–10), retention time (2–14 days), macrophyte density (5–30 g/L) and salinity (0–5 g NaCl/L) were involved in the study, while five responses were investigated, namely AN removal efficiency (Y1), fresh biomass growth (Y2), COD (Y3), BOD (Y4) and TSS (Y5). AN removal was the main focus in this study. Through numerical optimization, the highest AN removal efficiency of 77.48% (initial AN concentration = 40 mg/L) was obtained at the following optimum condition: pH 8.51, retention time of 8.47 days, macrophyte density of 21.39 g/L and salinity of 0 g NaCl/L. The values predicted from the models agreed satisfactorily with the experimental values, which implied that response surface methodology was reliable and practical for experimental design developed using optimization of the phytoremediation process. The validation experiment using real semiconductor effluent further supported the high potential of the E. crassipes-based phytoremediation system to remove AN and other organic pollutants in this industrial effluent under optimal condition.
Prediction of Preheating Temperatures for S690QL High Strength Steel Using FEM-Simulation for High Power Laser Welding
Authors: Partes Knut , Schmidt Malte , Gorny Sven 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigates a method for predicting the effect of preheating temperatures on the resulting hardness for high power laser welding of high strength steel. An FEM model is introduced containing a hardness calculation based on an existing model. Moreover, the hardness values of experimental results have been measured in order to show the performance of the model. The hardness calculation requires the chemical composition and the t8/5-time at the point of measurement. It is claimed that a calibration of the melt pool width and depth at room temperature only is enough to get reasonable results from the FEM-model for higher preheating temperatures. From the experimental result of a single experiment the width of a weld seam and the depth was deducted. In this study experiments have been done at various preheating temperatures in order to show the correlation between the model and the experimental results at various temperatures. The hardness equation provides suitable results in the verification with the measurements. The prediction of preheating temperature can be done with the resulting t8/5-time of the FEM-model. This method can decrease the amount of time and costs within a production according to testing and analyzing a matrix of process parameters. Moreover it is concluded that this methodology might be used for single item production.
Transition Metal Aluminum Boride as a New Candidate for Ambient-Condition Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Fu Yang , Richardson Peter , Li Kangkang , Yu Hai , Yu Bing , Donne Scott , Kisi Erich , Ma Tianyi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAchieving more meaningful N2 conversion by reducing the energy input and carbon footprint is now being investigated through a method of N2 fixation instead of the Haber–Bosch process. Unfortunately, the electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) method as a rising approach currently still shows low selectivity (Faradaic efficiency < 10%) and high-energy consumption [applied potential at least − 0.2 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)]. Here, the role of molybdenum aluminum boride single crystals, belonging to a family of ternary transition metal aluminum borides known as MAB phases, is reported for the electrochemical NRR for the first time, at a low applied potential (− 0.05 V versus RHE) under ambient conditions and in alkaline media. Due to the unique nano-laminated crystal structure of the MAB phase, these inexpensive materials have been found to exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performances (NH3 yield: 9.2 µg h−1 cm−2 mg
cat.
−1
, Faradaic efficiency: 30.1%) at the low overpotential, and to display a high chemical stability and sustained catalytic performance. In conjunction, further mechanism studies indicate B and Al as main-group metals show a highly selective affinity to N2 due to the strong interaction between the B 2p/Al 3p band and the N 2p orbitals, while Mo exhibits specific catalytic activity toward the subsequent reduction reaction. Overall, the MAB-phase catalyst under the synergy of the elements within ternary compound can suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction and achieve enhanced NRR performance. The significance of this work is to provide a promising candidate in the future synthesis of ammonia.
Two-Dimensional Materials in Large-Areas: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Authors: Zavabeti Ali , Jannat Azmira , Zhong Li , Haidry Azhar Ali , Yao Zhengjun , Ou Jian Zhen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLarge-area and high-quality two-dimensional crystals are the basis for the development of the next-generation electronic and optical devices. The synthesis of two-dimensional materials in wafer scales is the first critical step for future technology uptake by the industries; however, currently presented as a significant challenge. Substantial efforts have been devoted to producing atomically thin two-dimensional materials with large lateral dimensions, controllable and uniform thicknesses, large crystal domains and minimum defects. In this review, recent advances in synthetic routes to obtain high-quality two-dimensional crystals with lateral sizes exceeding a hundred micrometres are outlined. Applications of the achieved large-area two-dimensional crystals in electronics and optoelectronics are summarised, and advantages and disadvantages of each approach considering ease of the synthesis, defects, grain sizes and uniformity are discussed.
Preserving the Knowledge of the Past Through Virtual Visits: From 3D Laser Scanning to Virtual Reality Visualisation at the Istanbul Çatalca İnceğiz Caves
Authors: Büyüksalih Gürcan , Kan Tuna , Özkan Gözde Enç , Meriç Müge , Isın Lale , Kersten Thomas P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCultural landscapes are those that are shaped through the combined forces of cultural and natural activity, typically over a long period that may reach back to historic and prehistoric times. Amongst these, the documenting, modelling and visualisation of cave landscapes have always been particularly important for scientific communities such as speleology. In the current state of the art, terrestrial laser scanning provides a level of documentation of objects whose accuracy cannot be achieved by conventional methods. In addition to the highly accurate metric and geometric information, visual information brings incredible richness to the presentation of data. Virtual reality (VR) allows individuals to immerse themselves within virtual environments to explore monuments and other cultural heritage sites up close. More and more, VR systems are available at lower prices and are not only limited to VR labs. In this paper, we present research on the generation of a virtual 3D model of the İnceğiz caves, located at the Çatalca district of Istanbul, Turkey, and its integration within the Unity 3D game engine. This project, carried out as a collaboration between BİMTAŞ, a company of the Greater Municipality of Istanbul, Turkey and the Photogrammetry & Laser Scanning Lab of the HafenCity University Hamburg, Germany, aimed at developing an immersive and interactive VR visualisation of the cave for the HTC Vive Pro VR system. The entire workflow, from data acquisition to VR visualisation, is described here in detail with particular emphasis given to the 3D modelling of the cave and its integration within a VR environment.
‘Soft reinforcement’ of the round window for superior semi-circular canal dehiscence syndrome
Authors: Gona A , Phillips J S 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with superior semi-circular canal syndrome often describe vestibular symptoms elicited by loud sounds, as well as other pressure-induced symptoms. They also often report other symptoms, including autophony, hyperacusis, cognitive dysfunction, spatial disorientation, anxiety and migraine headaches. Symptoms occur due to the presence of a ‘third window’ created by the dehiscence of the superior semi-circular canal. This case report describes a minimally invasive technique to provide soft reinforcement of the round window.Case reportOur patient underwent a permeatal procedure whereby the tympanic membrane was raised to allow inspection of the middle ear. The round window niche was identified and the round window membrane was reinforced with fat. The mucosa of the bony meatus leading to the round window was then disrupted before the application of a double layer of perichondrium to allow further reinforcement.ConclusionThe case provides support for the use of ‘soft reinforcement’ as a simple and effective technique to treat the symptoms of superior canal dehiscence syndrome.
Challenges, strategies and research priorities in legume-based nitrogen management for organic small grain producers in the Northeastern US
Authors: Pickoff Margaret , Leahy Jessica , Mallory Ellen B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh yields and crop quality in organic small grain production can only be achieved through successful management of nitrogen. Experienced farmers and advisors in the Northeastern U.S. were asked to discuss the most pressing challenges in organic nitrogen management for organic small grain systems, with a particular focus on legume green manures (LGMs). Eighteen semi-structured interviews with 12 farmers and eight advisors were conducted between December 2017 and March 2018. The farmers employed a range of materials and practices for fulfilling the nitrogen fertility needs of their crops, including LGMs, animal manures and organic fertilizers. Farmers and advisors identified cost, overdependence on external nitrogen sources, nitrogen source access, diversifying rotations, weed management and predicting nitrogen mineralization of organic residues as major challenges in nitrogen management. Results indicated that cost-effectiveness in nitrogen management is essential, but that farmers consider additional factors, such as weed pressure and long-term soil health effects, when choosing nitrogen sources or practices. Legume-based nitrogen fertility is promising for small grain systems in this region, but structural challenges, such as the lack of animal agriculture proximal to grain operations, and limited cash crop markets, impede the development of diverse rotations that feature long-term legume sods. Recommendations include additional field-based research, including on-farm, participatory LGM studies as one avenue. Programming and educational outreach should focus on bolstering farmers' understanding of nitrogen mineralization of incorporated LGM residues, as well as their ability to anticipate and respond to sources of variability in LGM systems.
Examining Local Time Variations in the Gains and Losses of Open Magnetic Flux During Substorms
Authors: Mooney M. K. , Forsyth C. , Rae I. J. , Chisham G. , Coxon J. C. , Marsh M. S. , Jackson D. R. , Bingham S. , Hubert B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe open magnetic flux content of the magnetosphere varies during substorms as a result of dayside and nightside reconnection. The open flux can be calculated from the area of the polar cap, delineated by the open‐closed field line boundary (OCB). This study presents a superposed epoch analysis of the location of the OCB and the change in the magnetic flux content in individual nightside MLT sectors during substorm growth, expansion, and recovery phases. Far ultraviolet (FUV) observations from the IMAGE satellite are used to derive a proxy of the OCB location. In the hour prior to substorm onset, the total nightside flux content increases by up to 0.12 GWb on average, resulting in an equatorward expansion of the OCB. Following substorm onset, the OCB contracts toward the pole as the open magnetic flux content decreases by up to 0.14 GWb on average, but the rate of decrease of the total nightside open flux content differs by 5–66% between the three IMAGE far ultraviolet instruments. The OCB does not contract poleward uniformly in all nightside magnetic local time (MLT) sectors after substorm onset. Close to the substorm onset MLT sector, the OCB contracts immediately following substorm onset; however, the OCB in more dawnward and duskward MLT sectors continues to expand equatorward for up to 120 minutes after substorm onset. Despite the continued increase in flux in these sectors after substorm onset, the total nightside flux content decreases immediately at substorm onset, indicating that the nightside reconnection rate exceeds the dayside rate following substorm onset.
SKS Splitting Measurements in NE China: New Insights Into the Wudalianchi Intraplate Volcanism and Mantle Dynamics
Authors: Lu Mingwen , Lei Jianshe , Zhao Dapeng , Ai Yinshuang , Xu Xiwei , Zhang Guibin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo better understand the Wudalianchi intraplate volcanism and mantle dynamics in NE China, we collect abundant teleseismic waveform data during 2008 to 2018 recorded at 259 seismic stations around the Wudalianchi volcano. These stations include 148 WAVESArray portable stations, 66 NECESSArray portable stations and 45 Chinese provincial stations. Our newly deployed WAVESArray makes the station intervals of ~20–30 km around the Wudalianchi volcano. Using the minimum transverse‐energy grid‐search method, we make effective SKS splitting measurements at 192 stations. Our results show that the fast direction in the study region is mainly NW‐SE, but there are obvious contrasts within and between different tectonic units. To the east of the North‐South Gravity Lineament, around the Wudalianchi volcano, our SKS splitting measurements show a southeastward opening U‐shaped pattern in the fast direction and splitting time. Such a pattern of seismic anisotropy could be caused by horizontal and vertical flows in the big mantle wedge due to the deep subduction, long stagnancy, and deep dehydration of the Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone. The horizontal flow in the big mantle wedge could be obstructed by the thicker lithosphere under the Great Xing'an range and disturbed by hot and wet upwelling flow under the Wudalianchi volcano. Around the Nuominhe and Halaha volcanic groups, variations in the splitting parameters may also be associated with lithospheric deformation and delamination, though they are located at the edge of our study region. These results shed new light on the intraplate volcanism and mantle dynamics in NE China.
Machine Learning Predicts Reach‐Scale Channel Types From Coarse‐Scale Geospatial Data in a Large River Basin
Authors: Guillon Hervé , Byrne Colin F. , Lane Belize A. , Sandoval Solis Samuel , Pasternack Gregory B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHydrologic and geomorphic classifications have gained traction in response to the increasing need for basin‐wide water resources management. Regardless of the selected classification scheme, an open scientific challenge is how to extend information from limited field sites to classify tens of thousands to millions of channel reaches across a basin. To address this spatial scaling challenge, this study leverages machine learning to predict reach‐scale geomorphic channel types using publicly available geospatial data. A bottom‐up machine learning approach selects the most accurate and stable model among
20,000 combinations of 287 coarse geospatial predictors, preprocessing methods, and algorithms in a three‐tiered framework to (i) define a tractable problem and reduce predictor noise, (ii) assess model performance in statistical learning, and (iii) assess model performance in prediction. This study also addresses key issues related to the design, interpretation, and diagnosis of machine learning models in hydrologic sciences. In an application to the Sacramento River basin (California, USA), the developed framework selects a Random Forest model to predict 10 channel types previously determined from 290 field surveys over 108,943 two hundred‐meter reaches. Performance in statistical learning is reasonable with a 61% median cross‐validation accuracy, a sixfold increase over the 10% accuracy of the baseline random model, and the predictions coherently capture the large‐scale geomorphic organization of the landscape. Interestingly, in the study area, the persistent roughness of the topography partially controls channel types and the variation in the entropy‐based predictive performance is explained by imperfect training information and scale mismatch between labels and predictors.
Enhanced autocrine FGF19/FGFR4 signaling drives the progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma, which responds to mTOR inhibitor AZD2104
Authors: Li Fan , Li Ziming , Han Qing , Cheng Yirui , Ji Wenxiang , Yang Ying , Lu Shun , Xia Weiliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLung cancer occurrence and associated mortality ranks top in all countries. Despite the rapid development of targeted and immune therapies, many patients experience relapse within a few years. It is urgent to uncover the mechanisms that drive lung cancer progression and identify novel molecular targets. Our group has previously identified FGF19 as a prognostic marker and potential driver gene of lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSQ) in Chinese smoking patients. However, the underlying mechanism of how FGF19 promotes the progression of LSQ remains unclear. In this study, we characterized and confirmed that FGF19 serves as an oncogenic driver in LSQ development and progression, and reported that the amplification and high expression of FGF19 in LSQ was significantly associated with poor overall and progression-free survival. A higher serum level of FGF19 was found in lung cancer patients, which could also serve as a novel diagnostic index to screen lung cancer. Overproduction of FGF19 in LSQ cells markedly promoted cell growth, progression and metastasis, while downregulating FGF19 effectively inhibited LSQ progression in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, downregulating the receptor FGFR4 was also effective to suppress the growth and migration of LSQ cells. Since FGF19 could be induced by smoking or endoplasmic reticulum stress, to tackle the more malignant FGF19-overproducing LSQ, we reported for the first time that inhibiting mTOR pathway by using AZD2014 was effective and feasible. These findings have offered a new strategy by using anti-FGF19/FGFR4 therapy or mTOR-based therapy in FGF19-driven LSQ.
SIRT3-mediated inhibition of FOS through histone H3 deacetylation prevents cardiac fibrosis and inflammation
Authors: Palomer Xavier , Román-Azcona M. Silvia , Pizarro-Delgado Javier , Planavila Ana , Villarroya Francesc , Valenzuela-Alcaraz Brenda , Crispi Fátima , Sepúlveda-Martínez Álvaro , Miguel-Escalada Irene , Ferrer Jorge , Nistal J. Francisco , García Raquel , Davidson Mercy M. , Barroso Emma , Vázquez-Carrera Manuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a deacetylase that modulates proteins that control metabolism and protects against oxidative stress. Modulation of SIRT3 activity has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating metabolic diseases and associated cardiac disturbances. In this study, we investigated the role of SIRT3 in inflammation and fibrosis in the heart using male mice with constitutive and systemic deletion of SIRT3 and human cardiac AC16 cells. SIRT3 knockout mice showed cardiac fibrosis and inflammation that was characterized by augmented transcriptional activity of AP-1. Consistent with this, SIRT3 overexpression in human and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes partially prevented the inflammatory and profibrotic response induced by TNF-α. Notably, these effects were associated with a decrease in the mRNA and protein levels of FOS and the DNA-binding activity of AP-1. Finally, we demonstrated that SIRT3 inhibits FOS transcription through specific histone H3 lysine K27 deacetylation at its promoter. These findings highlight an important function of SIRT3 in mediating the often intricate profibrotic and proinflammatory responses of cardiac cells through the modulation of the FOS/AP-1 pathway. Since fibrosis and inflammation are crucial in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and diabetic cardiomyopathy, our results point to SIRT3 as a potential target for treating these diseases.