bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Society of Robotic Surgery review: recommendations regarding the risk of COVID‐19 transmission during minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Porter James , Blau Elliot , Gharagozloo Farid , Martino Martin , Cerfolio Robert , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Caceres Aileen , Badani Ketan , Bhayani Sam , Collins Justin , Coelho Rafael , Rocco Bernard , Wiklund Peter , Nathan Senthil , Parra‐Davila Eduardo , Ortiz‐Ortiz Carlos , Maes Kris , Dasgupta Prokar , Patel Vipul 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the risk of COVID‐19 transmission during minimally invasive surgical (MIS) proceduresMethodsSurgical society statements regarding the risk of COVID transmission during MIS procedures were reviewed. In addition, the available literature on COVID‐19 and other viral transmission in CO2 pneumoperitoneum, as well as the presence of virus in the plume created by electrocautery during MIS was reviewed. The society recommendations were compared to the available literature on the topic to create our review and recommendations to mitigate COVID‐19 transmission. ResultsThe recommendations promulgated by various surgical societies evolved over time as more information became available on COVID‐19 transmission. Review of the available literature on the presence of COVID‐19 in CO2 pneumoperitoneum was inconclusive. There is no clear evidence of the presence of COVID‐19 in plume created by electrocautery. Technologies to reduce CO2 pneumoperitoneum release into the operating room as well as filter viral particles are available and should reduce the exposure risk to operating room personnel.ConclusionThere is no clear evidence of COVID‐19 virus in the CO2 used during MIS procedures or in the plume created by electrocautery. Until the presence or absence of COVID‐19 viral particles has been clearly established, measures to mitigate CO2 and surgical cautery plume release into the operating room should be performed. Further study on the presence of COVID‐19 in MIS pneumoperitoneum and cautery plume is needed.
Spherical Gaussian‐based Lightcuts for Glossy Interreflections
Authors: Huo Y.C. , Jin S.H. , Liu T. , Hua W. , Wang R. , Bao H.J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is still challenging to render directional but non‐specular reflections in complex scenes. The SG‐based (Spherical Gaussian) many‐light framework provides a scalable solution but still requires a large number of glossy virtual lights to avoid spikes as well as reduce clamping errors. Directly gathering contributions from these glossy virtual lights to each pixel in a pairwise way is very inefficient. In this paper, we propose an adaptive algorithm with tighter error bounds to efficiently compute glossy interreflections from glossy virtual lights. This approach is an extension of the Lightcuts that builds hierarchies on both lights and pixels with new error bounds and new GPU‐based traversal methods between light and pixel hierarchies. Results demonstrate that our method is able to faithfully and efficiently compute glossy interreflections in scenes with highly glossy and spatial varying reflectance. Compared with the conventional Lightcuts method, our approach generates lightcuts with only one‐fourth to one‐fifth light nodes therefore exhibits better scalability. Additionally, after being implemented on GPU, our algorithms achieve a magnitude of faster performance than the previous method.
The dimensions of evolutionary potential in biological conservation
Authors: Milot Emmanuel , Béchet Arnaud , Maris Virginie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is now well admitted by ecologists that the conservation of biodiversity should imply preserving the evolutionary processes that will permit its adaptation to ongoing and future environmental changes. This is attested by the ever‐growing reference to the conservation of evolutionary potential in the scientific literature. The impression that one may have when reading papers is that conserving evolutionary potential can only be a good thing, whatever biological system is under scrutiny. However, different objectives, such as maintaining species richness versus ecosystem services, may express different, when not conflicting, underlying values attributed to biodiversity. For instance, biodiversity can be intrinsically valued, as worth it to be conserved per se, or it can be conserved as a means for human flourishing. Consequently, both the concept of evolutionary potential and the prescriptions derived from the commitment to conserve it remain problematic, due to a lack of explicit mention of the norms underlying different conservation visions. Here, we contend that those who advocate for the conservation of evolutionary potential should position their conception along four dimensions: what vehicles instantiate the evolutionary potential relevant to their normative commitment; what temporality is involved; how measurable evolutionary potential is, and what degree of human influence is tolerated. We need to address these dimensions if we are to determine why and when the maintenance of evolutionary potential is an appropriate target for the conservation of biodiversity.
Fatigue of a SiC/SiC ceramic composite with an ytterbium‐disilicate environmental barrier coating at elevated temperature*
Authors: Ruggles‐Wrenn Marina B. , Williams Thaddeus M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTension‐tension fatigue performance of a SiC/SiC composite with an ytterbium‐disilicate environmental barrier coating (EBC) was investigated at 1200°C in air and steam. The composite is reinforced with Hi‐Nicalon™ SiC fibers and has a melt‐infiltrated matrix processed by chemical vapor infiltration of SiC with subsequent infiltration with SiC particulate slurry and molten silicon. The EBC consists of a Si bond coat and an Yb2Si2O7 top coat applied via air plasma spraying. Tensile properties were evaluated at 1200°C. Tension‐tension fatigue was examined for maximum stresses of 110‐140 MPa. To assess the efficacy of EBC, experimental results obtained for the coated composite are compared to those for a control uncoated composite. Surface grit‐blasting inherent in the EBC application process degrades tensile strength of the composite. However, the EBC effectively protects the composite from oxidation embrittlement during cyclic loading in air or steam. Fatigue runout set to 200 000 cycles (55.6 hours at a frequency of 1.0 Hz) was achieved at 110 MPa in air and steam. Retained properties of pre‐fatigued specimens were characterized. Composite microstructure, along with damage and failure mechanisms were investigated. Damage and failure of the composite are attributed to the growth of cracks originating from numerous processing defects in the composite interior.
Tbet promotes CXCR6 expression in immature natural killer cells and natural killer cell egress from the bone marrow
Authors: Cuff Antonia O. , Perchet Thibaut , Dertschnig Simone , Golub Rachel , Male Victoria 
Published: May 2020

SummaryTbet‐deficient mice have reduced natural killer (NK) cells in blood and spleen, but increased NK cells in bone marrow and lymph nodes, a phenotype that is thought to be the result of defective migration. Here, we revisit the role of Tbet in NK cell bone marrow egress. We definitively show that the accumulation of NK cells in the bone marrow of Tbet‐deficient Tbx21−/− animals occurs because of a migration defect and identify a module of genes, co‐ordinated by Tbet, which affects the localization of NK cells in the bone marrow. Cxcr6 is approximately 125‐fold underexpressed in Tbx21−/−, compared with wild‐type, immature NK cells. Immature NK cells accumulate in the bone marrow of CXCR6‐deficient mice, and CXCR6‐deficient progenitors are less able to reconstitute the peripheral NK cell compartment than their wild‐type counterparts. However, the CXCR6 phenotype is largely confined to immature NK cells, whereas the Tbet phenotype is present in both immature and mature NK cells, suggesting that genes identified as being more differentially expressed in mature NK cells, such as S1pr5, Cx3cr1, Sell and Cd69, may be the major drivers of the phenotype.
Cost of managing patients with venous leg ulcers
Authors: Phillips Ceri J. , Humphreys Ioan , Thayer Dan , Elmessary Muhammad , Collins Huw , Roberts Chris , Naik Gurudutt , Harding Keith 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate costs associated with the management of patients with venous leg ulcers (VLUs) from the perspective of the UK National Health Service (NHS). The analysis was undertaken through the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank which brings together and anonymously links a wide range of person‐based data from around 75% of general practitioner (GP) practices within Wales (population coverage ~2.5 million). The data covered an 11‐year period from 2007 to 2017. All patients linked to the relevant codes were tracked through primary care settings, recording the number of GP practice visits (number of days with an event recorded), and wound treatment utilisation (eg, dressings, bandages, etc.) Resources were valued in monetary terms (£ sterling) and the costs were determined from national published sources of unit costs. This is the first attempt to estimate the costs of managing of VLUs using routine data sources. The direct costs to the Welsh NHS are considerable and represent 1.2% of the annual budget. Nurse visits are the main cost driver with annual estimates of £67.8 million. At a UK level, these costs amount to £1.98 billion. Dressings and compression bandages are also major cost drivers with annual Welsh estimates of £828 790. The direct cost of managing patients with VLUs is £7706 per patient per annum, which translates to an annual cost of over £2 billion, when extrapolated to the UK population. The primary cost driver is the number of district nurse visits. Initiatives to reduce healing times through improving accuracy of initial diagnosis, and improved evidence‐based treatment pathways would result in major financial savings.
Treatment of stage I–III periodontitis—The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Herrera David , Kebschull Moritz , Chapple Iain , Jepsen Søren , Berglundh Tord , Sculean Anton , Tonetti Maurizio S. ,   EFP Workshop Participants and Methodological Consultants
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe recently introduced 2017 World Workshop on the classification of periodontitis, incorporating stages and grades of disease, aims to link disease classification with approaches to prevention and treatment, as it describes not only disease severity and extent but also the degree of complexity and an individual's risk. There is, therefore, a need for evidence‐based clinical guidelines providing recommendations to treat periodontitis.AimThe objective of the current project was to develop a S3 Level Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the treatment of Stage I–III periodontitis.Material and MethodsThis S3 CPG was developed under the auspices of the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP), following the methodological guidance of the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). The rigorous and transparent process included synthesis of relevant research in 15 specifically commissioned systematic reviews, evaluation of the quality and strength of evidence, the formulation of specific recommendations and consensus, on those recommendations, by leading experts and a broad base of stakeholders.ResultsThe S3 CPG approaches the treatment of periodontitis (stages I, II and III) using a pre‐established stepwise approach to therapy that, depending on the disease stage, should be incremental, each including different interventions. Consensus was achieved on recommendations covering different interventions, aimed at (a) behavioural changes, supragingival biofilm, gingival inflammation and risk factor control; (b) supra‐ and sub‐gingival instrumentation, with and without adjunctive therapies; (c) different types of periodontal surgical interventions; and (d) the necessary supportive periodontal care to extend benefits over time.ConclusionThis S3 guideline informs clinical practice, health systems, policymakers and, indirectly, the public on the available and most effective modalities to treat periodontitis and to maintain a healthy dentition for a lifetime, according to the available evidence at the time of publication.
A tomographic study of the histological structure of teeth in the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata (Teleostei, Perciformes, Sparidae)
Authors: Germain Damien , Meunier François J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractX‐ray tomography shows that caniniform and molariform teeth of the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, have a simplexodont plicidentine organization. Together with an insertion of the teeth in alveolae, and the presence of bony shafts sustaining the dental plate, the simplexodont plicidentine is linked to the durophagous diet of the fish.
Risk Factors for Mortality in 244 Older Adults With COVID‐19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sun Haiying , Ning Ruoqi , Tao Yu , Yu Chong , Deng Xiaoyan , Zhao Caili , Meng Silu , Tang Fangxu , Xu Dong 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESPrevious studies have reported that older patients may experience worse outcome(s) after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 than younger individuals. This study aimed to identify potential risk factors for mortality in older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on admission, which may help identify those with poor prognosis at an early stage.DESIGNRetrospective case‐control.SETTINGFever ward of Sino‐French New City Branch of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China.PARTICIPANTSPatients aged 60 years or older with COVID‐19 (n = 244) were included, of whom 123 were discharged and 121 died in hospital.MEASUREMENTSData retrieved from electronic medical records regarding symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings on admission, and final outcomes of all older patients with COVID‐19, were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore risk factors for death.RESULTSUnivariate analysis revealed that several clinical characteristics and laboratory variables were significantly different (ie, P < .05) between discharged and deceased patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that lymphocyte (LYM) count (odds ratio [OR] = 0.009; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.001‐0.138; P = .001) and older age (OR = 1.122; 95% CI = 1.007‐1.249; P = .037) were independently associated with hospital mortality. White blood cell count was also an important risk factor (P = .052). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in the logistic regression model was 0.913. Risk factors for in‐hospital death were similar between older men and women.CONCLUSIONOlder age and lower LYM count on admission were associated with death in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Stringent monitoring and early intervention are needed to reduce mortality in these patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:E19–E23, 2020.
Epilepsy Lesion Localization is not Predicted by Developmental Venous Anomaly Location or its FDG‐PET Metabolic Activity
Authors: Lazor Jillian W. , Stein Joel M. , Schmitt James Eric , Davis Kathryn A. , Nabavizadeh Seyed Ali 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThis study's purpose is to correlate location and metabolic activity of developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) in epilepsy patients to the seizure focus as determined by ictal/interictal encephaloelectrogram (EEG).METHODSA retrospective search was performed for epilepsy patients with DVAs who underwent brain 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI exams were analyzed to characterize DVA location and associated structural findings. MRI and PET images were co‐registered and assessment of 18F‐FDG uptake in the DVA territory was performed. The electronic medical record was reviewed for each subject to determine seizure semiology and site of seizure focus by ictal/interictal EEG.RESULTSTwenty‐eight DVAs in 25 patients were included. Twelve DVAs demonstrated regional metabolic abnormality on 18F‐FDG‐PET. There was no significant correlation between DVA site and seizure focus on EEG. DVA location was concordant with EEG seizure focus in three subjects, and all three demonstrated hypometabolism on 18F‐FDG‐PET. This significance remains indeterminate, as one of these DVAs was associated with cavernoma, which could serve as the true seizure focus, and one of the patients underwent resection of the DVA without decrease in seizure frequency. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant relationship between DVA metabolic activity and DVA‐EEG lobar or laterality concordance.CONCLUSIONSIn this sample, there is no significant correlation between location of DVA and seizure focus, and hypometabolism within the DVA territory is not predictive of EEG/DVA co‐localization. As use of 18F‐FDG‐PET for evaluation of epilepsy increases, knowledge of this poor correlation is important to avoid diagnostic confusion and potentially unnecessary surgery in epilepsy patients.
Differences by Rurality in Satisfaction with Care Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Henning‐Smith Carrie , Hernandez Ashley , Neprash Hannah , Lahr Megan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThere are stark differences between rural and urban areas in demographic characteristics, health status, and health care, yet less is known about rural‐urban differences in Medicare beneficiaries’ satisfaction with care. We seek to identify rural‐urban differences in satisfaction with care for Medicare beneficiaries and whether those differences are explained by differences in beneficiary characteristics.MethodsWe used data from the 2016 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (n = 10,625), in which beneficiaries indicated their level of satisfaction for 9 measures related to quality and access/affordability of care. We first assessed bivariate differences in satisfaction with care by rural‐urban location (metropolitan, rural micropolitan, and rural noncore) across each measure. We then used logistic regression to assess whether differences remained after adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics.ResultsFor nearly all measures, satisfaction with care decreased with increasing rurality. Differences in satisfaction persisted for satisfaction with ease of getting to the doctor from home (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] micropolitan: 0.63, P = .037; AOR noncore: 0.61, P = .023) and availability of care by specialists (AOR micropolitan: 0.51, P = .001; AOR noncore: 0.61, P < .001) after adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics.ConclusionsRural Medicare beneficiaries reported lower satisfaction with care than their urban counterparts across a variety of measures, and some of these differences remained after adjustments were made for sociodemographic and health characteristics. These findings may have implications for access to and quality of care that rural Medicare beneficiaries receive and their subsequent health outcomes.
Phase 3, Multicenter Open‐Label study to investigate the efficacy of elbasvir and grazoprevir fixed‐dose combination for 8 weeks in treatment‐naïve, HCV GT1b‐infected patients, with non‐severe fibrosis
Authors: Abergel Armand , Asselah Tarik , Mallat Arianne , Chanteranne Brigitte , Faure Frederic , Larrey Dominique , Gournay Jerome , Loustaud‐Ratti Veronique , Di Martino Vincent , Fouchard‐Hubert Isabelle , Pol Stanislas , Bailly Francois , Samuel Didier , Tran Albert , Dodel Marie , Andant Nicolas , Lamblin Geraldine , Muti Leon , Reymond Maud , Teilhet Camille , Pereira Bruno , Buchard Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundGenotype 1b is the most common HCV genotype worldwide, accounting for the largest proportion of infections in Europe, Russia, Latin America and Asia. Reducing treatment duration can improve adherence, reduce drug exposure and cost. Accordingly, we evaluated the efficacy of 8 weeks fixed‐dose combination of grazoprevir‐elbasvir in treatment‐naïve patients, with non‐severe fibrosis.MethodsHCV mono‐infected and treatment naïve patients with non‐severe fibrosis (Fibroscan®<9.5 kPa and Fibrotest® < 0.59) were enrolled in a study which included 117 patients. Genotyping by sequencing identified five patients with non‐1b genotype (two GT1a, one GT1h, one GT1e and one GT1l). Thus, we included in the final analysis 112 GT1b patients. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with HCVRNA below the lower limit of quantification 12 weeks after treatment (SVR12).FindingsMean age was 54 ± 13 years, 31% were men and viral load was higher than 800.000 IU/mL in 70 of 112 patients (63%). Using Fibroscan®, 100 had F0‐1 fibrosis score. FIB‐4 lower than 1.45 and APRI less than 1 was found in 74/112 (66%) and 107/112 (95%) patients respectively. Relapse occurred in three patients by week 12. These three patients had a viral load higher than 6 million IU/mL and NS5A Y93H RAS (resistance‐associated substitution). Then, modified intention‐to‐treat SVR12 for patients with genotype 1b was 109/112 (97%). By week 24; five relapses were observed and all had the Y93H RAS at relapse. SVR12 was achieved in 100% of patients with a baseline viral load below 6 million and decreased to 98% (98/100) by follow‐up week 24.InterpretationNaïve patients with genotype 1b and non‐severe fibrosis can achieve an SVR12 of 97% and an SVR24 of 95%. Then, these patients can be treated with grazoprevir‐elbasvir for 8 weeks.
Rumination syndrome: Assessment of vagal tone during and after meals and during diaphragmatic breathing
Authors: Hoshikawa Yoshimasa , Fitzke Heather , Sweis Rami , Fikree Asma , Saverymuttu Seth , Kadirkamanathan Sritharan , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Yazaki Etsuro , Aziz Qasim , Sifrim Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPathophysiology of rumination syndrome (RS) is not well understood. Treatment with diaphragmatic breathing improves rumination syndrome. The aim of the study was to characterize vagal tone in patients with rumination syndrome during and after meals and during diaphragmatic breathing.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 10 healthy volunteers (HV) and 10 patients with RS. Subjects underwent measurement of vagal tone using heart rate variability. Vagal tone was measured during baseline, test meal and intervention (diaphragmatic (DiaB), slow deep (SlowDB), and normal breathing). Vagal tone was assessed using mean values of root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and area under curves (AUC) were calculated for each period. We compared baseline RMSSD, the AUC and meal‐induced discomfort scores between HV and RS. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of respiratory exercises on symptom scores, and number of rumination episodes.Key ResultsThere was no significant difference in baseline vagal tone between HV and RS. During the postprandial period, there was a trend to higher vagal tone in RS, but not significantly (P > .2 for all). RS had the higher total symptom scores than HV (P < .011). In RS, only DiaB decreased the number of rumination episodes during the intervention period (P = .028), while both DiaB and SlowDB increased vagal tone (P < .05 for both). The symptom scores with the 3 breathing exercises showed very similar trends.Conclusions and inferencesPatients with RS do not have decreased vagal tone related to meals. DiaB reduced number of rumination events by a mechanism not related to changes in vagal tone.