bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Manipulability Analysis of Multi-Arm Space Robot
Authors: Zhou Yiqun , Luo Jianjun , Wang Mingming 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYThe dynamic manipulability of a manipulator refers to the capacity to generate accelerations given the joint torques, which is an important indicator for motion planning and control. In this paper, the dynamic manipulability analysis is extended to the multi-arm space robot, and further to the closed-loop system composed of the space robot and the captured target. According to the dynamic equations, the relation between the joint torques and the end-effector accelerations in the open-loop space robot and that between the joint torques and the target accelerations in the closed-loop system are derived. On this basis, the dynamic manipulability factor and dynamic manipulability ellipsoid are proposed as two tools for the dynamic manipulability measure, where the effects of the bias acceleration are considered. The influences of dynamic parameters, link lengths, joint variables, and velocities on the dynamic manipulability measure are mainly studied.
Primary Health Care Pediatricians’ Self-Perception of Theoretical Knowledge and Practical Skills in Life-Threatening Emergencies: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cernuda Martínez José Antonio , Castro Delgado Rafael , Arcos González Pedro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Within out-of-hospital emergencies, Primary Health Care (PHC) pediatricians will likely be the first to provide health care at the scene of a life-threatening emergency (LTE) in children. Pediatricians should be trained to initially intervene, safely and effectively the LTEs, including the activation of Emergency Medical Systems (EMS), an adequate stabilization of patients and transport to the hospital.Study Objectives:The aims of this study are to know the training received for out-of-hospital LTEs by PHC pediatricians of the Principality of Asturias (Spain) and the perception they have about their own theoretical knowledge and practical skills in a series of emergency procedures used in LTEs; also, to analyze the differences according to the geographical context of their work.Methods:This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study of a sample of 27 PHC pediatricians from PHC Service of Asturias, Spain, from among the total of 88 pediatricians who make up the staff of pediatricians, conducted from April through May 2019. The survey was designed ad hoc using the Curriculum in Primary Care Pediatrics (CPCP) proposed by the European Confederation of Primary Care Pediatricians (ECPCP; Europe), which indicates the theoretical and practical procedures that must be acquired by the PHC pediatricians. It is composed of 30 procedures or techniques employed in LTEs using a 11-point Likert scale rating to detect their self-perception about theoretical knowledge and practical skills from zero (“Minimum”) to 10 (“Maximum”).Results:There are significant differences in the mean of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in many procedures or techniques studied, depending on the different areas of work.Conclusion:Asturian pediatricians are generally well-prepared to solve LTEs with a few exceptions. The degree of self-perception and acquisition of general theoretical knowledge and general practical skills in LTEs is heterogeneous, with differences according to the scope of work.
Kant on Feelings, Sensations and the Gap Between Rationality and Morality
Authors: Rueger Alexander 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn §3 of the Critique of Judgement Kant argues that if the feeling of pleasure were a sensation distinct from whatever representation gives rise to the feeling, then we would be – in the terminology of the Metaphysics of Morals – rational beings (vernünftige Wesen) but not moral beings (Vernunftwesen); we would inescapably (and blamelessly) be hedonists. I reconstruct this at first glance strange argument and suggest, first, that Kant’s actual view of pleasure is an attitudinal theory that avoids the problem of hedonism. Second, the argument of §3 is to be understood in the context of Kant’s emphasis on moral feeling and its cultivation in his writings since the Critique of Practical Reason.
A screening method for sleep disturbances at the end-of-life
Authors: Ibáñez del Prado Celia , Cruzado Juan Antonio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate sleep disturbances and to verify the accuracy of three screening tests to detect them in patients at the end-of-life admitted in a hospital palliative care unit.MethodThe level of sleep disturbances was evaluated through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in 150 palliative patients. This questionnaire was the criterion variable for testing the three screening tests used: Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-Sleep subscale); the single question “How much do you worry about your sleep problems?” which is answered on a scale of 0–10 (Sleep-Worry-Q) and another single question: “Do you think you have sleep problems?” with two response categories, Yes/No (Sleep-Problem-Q).ResultsAccording to the PSQI (cut-off point: 8), 87% of patients presented sleep disturbances. The ESAS-Sleep (cut-off point: 3) showed a sensitivity of 0.87, a specificity of 0.58, and an AUC of 0.729; the Sleep-Worry-Q (cut-off point: 4) showed a sensitivity of 0.95, a specificity of 0.68, and an AUC of 0.854; the Sleep-Problem-Q obtained a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.65.Significance of resultsPatients at the end-of-life, near the time of death, have high levels of sleep disturbances that can be detected early, with better diagnostic accuracy, with the Sleep-Worry-Q. Although from a clinical point of view, the application of the Sleep-Problem-Q may be more advantageous, as it presents good diagnostic accuracy, greater simplicity, and brevity.
Bringing The “Ring” Back In: The Politics Of Booty Capitalism
Authors: Broxmeyer Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne striking parallel between the Gilded Age and today is the return of the “ring” as a volatile form of governance. Rings are small bands of entrepreneurs who, through capture of key political institutions, exploit the coalition-building imperatives of party politics to rapidly accumulate large personal fortunes. The vernacular hails from the 1860s and 1870s, when the Tweed Ring, Gold Ring, Whiskey Ring, and Bank Ring, among others, scandalized the public with smash and grab practices. In the Trump era, Paul Manafort's career and the president's family business share many similarities to these classic episodes, both in the contested origin of private wealth and the circulation of profits throughout the political system. Rings thus have a tendency to recur in American political development. When electoral politics becomes financialized, speculators may seize opportunities to extract a hefty surplus from the public domain. In premodern contexts, Max Weber called this plundering phenomenon “booty capitalism.” The variant specific to American electoral institutions highlights a periodic conflict in democratic capitalism that arises over the legitimacy of political wealth accumulation.
A Cross‐System Comparison of Dark Carbon Fixation in Coastal Sediments
Authors: Vasquez‐Cardenas Diana , Meysman Filip J. R. , Boschker Henricus T. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDark carbon fixation (DCF) by chemoautotrophic microorganisms can sustain food webs in the seafloor by local production of organic matter independent of photosynthesis. The process has received considerable attention in deep sea systems, such as hydrothermal vents, but the regulation, depth distribution, and global importance of coastal sedimentary DCF have not been systematically investigated. Here we surveyed eight coastal sediments by means of stable isotope probing (13C‐DIC) combined with bacterial biomarkers (phospholipid‐derived fatty acids) and compiled additional rates from literature into a global database. DCF rates in coastal sediments range from 0.07 to 36.30 mmol C m−2 day−1, and there is a linear relation between DCF and water depth. The CO2 fixation ratio (DCF/CO2 respired) also shows a trend with water depth, decreasing from 0.09 in nearshore environments to 0.04 in continental shelf sediments. Five types of depth distributions of chemoautotrophic activity are identified based on the mode of pore water transport (advective, bioturbated, and diffusive) and the dominant pathway of microbial sulfur oxidation. Extrapolated to the global coastal ocean, we estimate a DCF rate of 0.04 to 0.06 Pg C year−1, which is less than previous estimates based on indirect measurements (0.15 Pg C year−1), but remains substantially higher than the global DCF rate at deep sea hydrothermal vents (0.001–0.002 Pg C year−1).
Updated Neutron‐Monitor Yield Function: Bridging Between In Situ and Ground‐Based Cosmic Ray Measurements
Authors: Mishev Alexander L. , Koldobskiy Sergey A. , Kovaltsov Gennady A. , Gil Agnieszka , Usoskin Ilya G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn updated yield function for a standard NM64 neutron monitor (NM) is computed and extended to different atmospheric depths from sea level to 500 g/cm
(
5.7 km altitude) and is presented as lookup tables and a full parametrization. The yield function was validated using the cosmic ray spectra directly measured in space by the AMS‐02 experiment during the period May 2011 through May 2017 and confronted with count rates of all NM64‐type NMs being in operation during this period. Using this approach, stability of all the selected NMs was analyzed for the period 2011–2017. Most of NMs appear very stable and suitable for studies of long‐term solar modulation of cosmic rays. However, some NMs suffer from instabilities like trends, apparent jumps, or strong seasonal waves in the count rates.
Investigating Spectral Distortion of Local Volcano Infrasound by Nonlinear Propagation at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan
Authors: Maher Sean P. , Matoza Robin S. , de Groot‐Hedlin Catherine D. , Gee Kent L. , Fee David , Yokoo Akihiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSound waves generated by erupting volcanoes can be used to infer important source dynamics, yet acoustic source‐time functions may be distorted during propagation, even at local recording distances (
15 km). The resulting uncertainty in source estimates can be reduced by improving constraints on propagation effects. We aim to quantify potential distortions caused by wave steepening during nonlinear propagation, with the aim of improving the accuracy of volcano‐acoustic source predictions. We hypothesize that wave steepening causes spectral energy transfer away from the dominant source frequency. To test this, we apply a previously developed single‐point, frequency domain, quadspectral density‐based nonlinearity indicator to 30 acoustic signals from Vulcanian explosion events at Sakurajima Volcano, Japan, in an 8‐day data set collected by five infrasound stations in 2013 with 2.3‐ to 6.2‐km range. We model these results with a 2‐D axisymmetric finite‐difference method that includes rigid topography, wind, and nonlinear propagation. Simulation results with flat ground indicate that wave steepening causes up to
2 dB (1% of source level) of cumulative upward spectral energy transfer for Sakurajima amplitudes. Correction for nonlinear propagation may therefore provide a valuable second‐order improvement in accuracy for source parameter estimates. However, simulations with wind and topography introduce variations in the indicator spectra on order of a few decibels. Nonrandom phase relationships generated during propagation or at the source may be misinterpreted as nonlinear spectral energy transfer. The nonlinearity indicator is therefore best suited to small source‐receiver distances (e.g.,
2 km) and volcanoes with simple sources (e.g., gas‐rich strombolian explosions) and topography.
FARP1 boosts CDC42 activity from integrin αvβ5 signaling and correlates with poor prognosis of advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Hirano Takuro , Shinsato Yoshinari , Tanabe Kan , Higa Nayuta , Kamil Muhammad , Kawahara Kohichi , Yamamoto Masatatsu , Minami Kentaro , Shimokawa Michiko , Arigami Takaaki , Yanagita Shigehiro , Matushita Daisuke , Uenosono Yoshikazu , Ishigami Sumiya , Kijima Yuko , Maemura Kosei , Kitazono Ikumi , Tanimoto Akihide , Furukawa Tatsuhiko , Natsugoe Shoji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConsidering the poor prognosis of most advanced cancers, prevention of invasion and metastasis is essential for disease control. Ras homologous (Rho) guanine exchange factors (GEFs) and their signaling cascade could be potential therapeutic targets in advanced cancers. We conducted in silico analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas expression data to identify candidate Rho-GEF genes showing aberrant expression in advanced gastric cancer and found FERM, Rho/ArhGEF, and pleckstrin domain protein 1 (FARP1) expression is related to poor prognosis. Analyses in 91 clinical advanced gastric cancers of the relationship of prognosis and pathological factors with immunohistochemical expression of FARP1 indicated that high expression of FARP1 is significantly associated with lymphatic invasion, lymph metastasis, and poor prognosis of the patients (P = 0.025). In gastric cancer cells, FARP1 knockdown decreased cell motility, whereas FARP1 overexpression promoted cell motility and filopodium formation via CDC42 activation. FARP1 interacted with integrin β5, and a potent integrin αvβ5 inhibitor (SB273005) prevented cell motility in only high FARP1-expressing gastric cancer cells. These results suggest that the integrin αvβ5-FARP1-CDC42 axis plays a crucial role in gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. Thus, regulatory cascade upstream of Rho can be a specific and promising target of advanced cancer treatment.
p73 – NAV3 axis plays a critical role in suppression of colon cancer metastasis
Authors: Uboveja Apoorva , Satija Yatendra Kumar , Siraj Fouzia , Sharma Ira , Saluja Daman 
Published: February 2020

Abstractp73 is a member of the p53 tumor suppressor family, which transactivates p53-responsive genes and mediates DNA damage response. Recent evidences suggest that p73 exerts its tumor suppressor functions by suppressing metastasis, but the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here, we identify Navigator-3 (NAV3), a microtubule-binding protein, as a novel transcriptional target of p73, which gets upregulated by DNA damage in a p73-dependent manner and plays a vital role in p73-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. Induction of p73 in response to DNA damage leads to rapid increase in endogenous NAV3 mRNA and protein levels. Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified two p73-binding sites in NAV3 promoter. Consistent with this, p73 binding to NAV3 promoter was confirmed through luciferase, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, and site-directed mutagenesis assays. Abrogation of NAV3 and p73 expression significantly increased the invasion and migration rate of colorectal cancer cells as confirmed by wound-healing, cell invasion, and cell migration assays. Also, knockdown of NAV3 decreased the expression of E-cadherin and increased the expression of other prominent mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin, and Fibronectin. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed the downregulation of both NAV3 and p73 expression in metastatic colon cancer tissues as compared to non-metastatic cancer tissues. Additionally, the expression pattern of NAV3 and p73 showed extensively significant correlation in both non-metastatic and metastatic human colon cancer tissue samples. Taken together, our study provide conclusive evidence that Navigator-3 is a direct transcriptional target of p73 and plays crucial role in response to genotoxic stress in p73-mediated inhibition of cancer cell invasion, migration, and metastasis.
Breathing is coupled with voluntary action and the cortical readiness potential
Authors: Park Hyeong-Dong , Barnoud Coline , Trang Henri , Kannape Oliver A. , Schaller Karl , Blanke Olaf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVoluntary action is a fundamental element of self-consciousness. The readiness potential (RP), a slow drift of neural activity preceding self-initiated movement, has been suggested to reflect neural processes underlying the preparation of voluntary action; yet more than fifty years after its introduction, interpretation of the RP remains controversial. Based on previous research showing that internal bodily signals affect sensory processing and ongoing neural activity, we here investigated the potential role of interoceptive signals in voluntary action and the RP. We report that (1) participants initiate voluntary actions more frequently during expiration, (2) this respiration-action coupling is absent during externally triggered actions, and (3) the RP amplitude is modulated depending on the respiratory phase. Our findings demonstrate that voluntary action is coupled with the respiratory system and further suggest that the RP is associated with fluctuations of ongoing neural activity that are driven by the involuntary and cyclic motor act of breathing.
Complete structure of the chemosensory array core signalling unit in an E. coli minicell strain
Authors: Burt Alister , Cassidy C. Keith , Ames Peter , Bacia-Verloop Maria , Baulard Megghane , Huard Karine , Luthey-Schulten Zaida , Desfosses Ambroise , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Margolin William , Parkinson John S. , Gutsche Irina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMotile bacteria sense chemical gradients with transmembrane receptors organised in supramolecular signalling arrays. Understanding stimulus detection and transmission at the molecular level requires precise structural characterisation of the array building block known as a core signalling unit. Here we introduce an Escherichia coli strain that forms small minicells possessing extended and highly ordered chemosensory arrays. We use cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging to provide a three-dimensional map of a complete core signalling unit, with visible densities corresponding to the HAMP and periplasmic domains. This map, combined with previously determined high resolution structures and molecular dynamics simulations, yields a molecular model of the transmembrane core signalling unit and enables spatial localisation of its individual domains. Our work thus offers a solid structural basis for the interpretation of a wide range of existing data and the design of further experiments to elucidate signalling mechanisms within the core signalling unit and larger array.
Discovering the genes mediating the interactions between chronic respiratory diseases in the human interactome
Authors: Maiorino Enrico , Baek Seung Han , Guo Feng , Zhou Xiaobo , Kothari Parul H. , Silverman Edwin K. , Barabási Albert-László , Weiss Scott T. , Raby Benjamin A. , Sharma Amitabh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe molecular and clinical features of a complex disease can be influenced by other diseases affecting the same individual. Understanding disease-disease interactions is therefore crucial for revealing shared molecular mechanisms among diseases and designing effective treatments. Here we introduce Flow Centrality (FC), a network-based approach to identify the genes mediating the interaction between two diseases in a protein-protein interaction network. We focus on asthma and COPD, two chronic respiratory diseases that have been long hypothesized to share common genetic determinants and mechanisms. We show that FC highlights potential mediator genes between the two diseases, and observe similar outcomes when applying FC to 66 additional pairs of related diseases. Further, we perform in vitro perturbation experiments on a widely replicated asthma gene, GSDMB, showing that FC identifies candidate mediators of the interactions between GSDMB and COPD-associated genes. Our results indicate that FC predicts promising gene candidates for further study of disease-disease interactions.
Cell and tissue manipulation with ultrashort infrared laser pulses in light-sheet microscopy
Authors: de Medeiros Gustavo , Kromm Dimitri , Balazs Balint , Norlin Nils , Günther Stefan , Izquierdo Emiliano , Ronchi Paolo , Komoto Shinya , Krzic Uros , Schwab Yannick , Peri Francesca , de Renzis Stefano , Leptin Maria , Rauzi Matteo , Hufnagel Lars 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThree-dimensional live imaging has become an indispensable technique in the fields of cell, developmental and neural biology. Precise spatio-temporal manipulation of biological entities is often required for a deeper functional understanding of the underlying biological process. Here we present a home-built integrated framework and optical design that combines three-dimensional light-sheet imaging over time with precise spatio-temporal optical manipulations induced by short infrared laser pulses. We demonstrate their potential for sub-cellular ablation of neurons and nuclei, tissue cauterization and optogenetics by using the Drosophila melanogaster and zebrafish model systems.
Mental health-related conversations on social media and crisis episodes: a time-series regression analysis
Authors: Kolliakou Anna , Bakolis Ioannis , Chandran David , Derczynski Leon , Werbeloff Nomi , Osborn David P. J. , Bontcheva Kalina , Stewart Robert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe aimed to investigate whether daily fluctuations in mental health-relevant Twitter posts are associated with daily fluctuations in mental health crisis episodes. We conducted a primary and replicated time-series analysis of retrospectively collected data from Twitter and two London mental healthcare providers. Daily numbers of ‘crisis episodes’ were defined as incident inpatient, home treatment team and crisis house referrals between 2010 and 2014. Higher volumes of depression and schizophrenia tweets were associated with higher numbers of same-day crisis episodes for both sites. After adjusting for temporal trends, seven-day lagged analyses showed significant positive associations on day 1, changing to negative associations by day 4 and reverting to positive associations by day 7. There was a 15% increase in crisis episodes on days with above-median schizophrenia-related Twitter posts. A temporal association was thus found between Twitter-wide mental health-related social media content and crisis episodes in mental healthcare replicated across two services. Seven-day associations are consistent with both precipitating and longer-term risk associations. Sizes of effects were large enough to have potential local and national relevance and further research is needed to evaluate how services might better anticipate times of higher risk and identify the most vulnerable groups.
Prognosis of Vascular Access in Haemodialysis Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lee Tsung-Lun , Chen Chun-Fan , Tan Ann Charis , Chan Chia-Hao , Ou Shuo-Ming , Chen Fan-Yu , Yu Ko-Wen , Chen Yung-Tai , Lin Chih-Ching 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVascular diseases are commonly observed in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We aim to investigate the differences in the risk for arteriovenous fistula or graft (AVF/AVG) dysfunction in haemodialysis (HD) patients with and without ADPKD. 557 ADPKD and 1671 non-ADPKD patients were enrolled in the study after propensity score matching. The primary outcome measure is the incidence rate of AVF/AVG dysfunction. The incidence rates and risks of AVF/AVG dysfunction (per 100 person-years) for ADPKD and non-ADPKD patients were (1) 38.83 and 48.99 [SHR = 0.79, P = 0.137], respectively, for within 90 days, (2) 45.85 and 51.31 [SHR = 0.90, P = 0.300], respectively, for within 180 days, (3) 44.42 and 41.40 [SHR = 1.08, P = 0.361], respectively, for within the first year, (4) 27.38 and 24.69 [SHR = 1.09, P = 0.168], respectively, for within 5 years, (5) 17.35 and 13.80 [SHR = 1.19, P = 0.045], respectively, for between the 1st and 10th year, and (6) 25.40 and 21.22 [SHR = 1.14, P = 0.031], respectively, for all periods. ADPKD patients had lower incidence rates of AVF/AVG dysfunction within the first 180 days than non-ADPKD patients, but presented a higher incidence rate after 1 year of AVF/AVG creation and onwards.