bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐19 retinal microangiopathy as an in vivo biomarker of systemic vascular disease?
Authors: Landecho M. F. , Yuste J. R. , Gándara E. , Sunsundegui P. , Quiroga J. , Alcaide A. B. , García‐Layana A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImportanceCOVID‐19 is caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, a betacoronavirus that uses the angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) receptor to gain entry into cells. ACE2 receptor is widely expressed in multiple organs, including the retina, an extension of the central nervous system. The ACE2 receptor is involved in the diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy. Additionally, coronaviruses cause ocular infections in animals, including retinitis, and optic neuritis.ObjectiveTo assess whether there is any retinal disease associated with COVID‐19.DesignWe have evaluated 27 asymptomatic subjects, with retinal fundoscopic, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography fourteen days after hospital discharge due to COVID‐19 bilateral pneumonia.ResultsCotton wool exudates were evident in six out of 27 patients evaluated, a 22%. Cotton wool exudates are a marker vascular disease severity in other medical context, that is diabetes and hypertension, and are associated with increased risk for acute vascular events. Whether antiaggregation therapy may play a role on fundoscopic‐selected patients with COVID‐19 requires prospective trials.
Carissa carandas L. – phyto-pharmacological review
Authors: Singh Sonia , Bajpai Meenakshi , Mishra Pradeep 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Carissa carandas is an evergreen thorny shrub (Apocynaceae family), commonly, known as karonda. It has small berry-shaped fruits, used as additive in many pickles or as a spice in northern India.

Methods
The present review covers the literature survey from 1968 to 2020. The data have been collected from various journals, books, thesis and some of the electronic search via Internet-based information such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, online electronic journals, SpringerLink, Wiley and Ayush.

Key findings
From literature survey, it has been found that the herbal drug contains wide variety of flavonoids, phenolic acids, steroids, volatile oils, lignans, alkaloids, polysaccharides and so on. These phytochemicals exhibit a range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antifungal properties.

Conclusions
This current review offers primary data for further research work. The in-vitro evaluations as well as in-vivo models/experiments have provided a biosynthetic observation for its various ethno-pharmacological uses and even pharmacological properties. This review would provide all valuable information which will be beneficiary to conduct some important pharmacokinetic and toxicological research works on human models with respect to ensure the effects of active ingredients in the body and even to validate its safety issues in clinical aspects.
Client reef fish tolerate closer human approaches while being cleaned
Authors: Giglio V. J. , Nunes J. A. C. C. , Ferreira C. E. L. , Blumstein D. T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOn tropical reefs, cleaning interactions, in which a fish or shrimp cleaner removes ectoparasites from a client fish, are common. Such cleaning interactions have been shown to reduce physiological stress in the clients. We asked whether the process of cleaning by a cleaner wrasse Thalassoma noronhanun modified a fish client's risk assessment, hypothesizing that the benefits of being cleaned may modify the cost avoiding a potential disturbance or predator. We experimentally approached fish of two species (a parrotfish Sparisoma amplum and a squirrelfish Holocentrus adscensionis) when they were being cleaned and when they were not being cleaned, and measured the client's flight initiation distance (FID) – a metric of risk assessment. Both client fish species tolerated ~30% closer approach when being cleaned. The body size of the client did not affect FID in either species, and the number of cleaners present did not influence FID of squirrelfish, but parrotfish who received cleaning from two cleaners had longer FID. These findings imply that fish being cleaned modify their risk assessment, and these results add to a list of potential costs fish clients face in this fascinating mutualism.
The Potential of a Mindfulness‐Based Coloring Intervention to Reduce Test Anxiety in Adolescents
Authors: Rose Sarah E. , Lomas Megan H. R. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTTest anxiety is prevalent among adolescents. Some potentially successful mindfulness‐based coloring interventions have been identified in previous research, however, conclusions have been based on self‐report measures only. In the current study, 150 17‐ to 18‐years‐olds taking final school exam completed measures of state anxiety (STAI) and Mindfulness (SMS) prior to and directly after completing 12 min of either (1) free drawing, (2) mandala coloring, (3) mandala coloring paired with pre‐recorded mindfulness instructions. Heart rate (HR) was recorded prior to and directly after the 12‐min coloring intervention.
Conceptions of Temporality: Reconsidering Time in an Age of Impending Emergency
Authors: Sampson Kristin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe predominant contemporary concept of time is arguably measurable time, promoted as being in accordance with science. This is commonly understood as the time of physics, as, for instance, E. A. Milne claims in an article from 1950 on the modern conception of time, contrasting this with Plato's description of time as the “moving image of eternity”. The prevalence of an emphasis on measurability within such a conception of time is hard to avoid, although this can be nuanced somewhat. In this article I turn to the ancient Greek notion of kairos in order to find another approach to the question of conceptions of temporality. A main objective is to indicate what this concept signifies in terms of adjusting to circumstances, catching the right moment and paying attention to due measure. I also briefly consider Baltasar Gracián's notions of festina lente and détencion in an attempt to show how this suggests a way in which we may be able to develop the ability to do the right thing at the right moment.
DOES BELIEF IN HUMAN EVOLUTION ENTAILKUFR(DISBELIEF)? EVALUATING THE CONCERNS OF A MUSLIM THEOLOGIAN
Authors: Malik Shoaib Ahmed , Kulieva Elvira 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNuh Ha Mim Keller, a contemporary Muslim theologian, argues against the compatibility of evolution and Islam. In this article we intend to critically evaluate his position in which he advances three separate arguments. First, he criticizes the science of evolution. Second, he demonstrates the metaphysical problems with naturalism and the role of chance in the enterprise of evolution. Third, he contends that evolution and the creationist narrative in Islamic scripture is irresolvable. Given these points, Keller concludes that believing in human evolution takes one outside the fold of Islam (kufr). After reviewing each of these points we argue that his claims are unwarranted because of other possibilities which Keller may have not considered. In effect, we argue that believing in evolution doesn't necessarily or definitively entailkufr.
Comparison of Sedentary Time Between Thigh-Worn and Wrist-Worn Accelerometers
Authors: Suorsa Kristin , Pulakka Anna , Leskinen Tuija , Pentti Jaana , Holtermann Andreas , Heinonen Olli J. , Sunikka Juha , Vahtera Jussi , Stenholm Sari 
Published: July 2020

Background: The accuracy of wrist-worn accelerometers in identifying sedentary time has been scarcely studied in free-living conditions. The aim of this study was to compare daily sedentary time estimates between a thigh-worn accelerometer, which measured sitting and lying postures, and a wrist-worn accelerometer, which measured low levels of movement. Methods: The study population consisted of 259 participants (Mage = 62.8 years, SD = 0.9) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA). Participants wore an Axivity AX3 accelerometer on their mid-thigh and an Actigraph wActiSleep-BT accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist simultaneously for a minimum of 4 days in free-living conditions. Two definitions to estimate daily sedentary time were used for data from the wrist-worn accelerometer: 1) the count cutpoint, ≤1853 counts per minute; and 2) the Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO) cutpoint, <30 mg. Results: Compared to the thigh-worn accelerometer, daily sedentary time estimate was 63 min (95% confidence interval [CI] = −53 to −73) lower by the count cutpoint and 50 min (95% CI = 34 to 67) lower by the ENMO cutpoint. The limits of agreement in daily sedentary time estimates between the thigh- and cutpoint methods for wrist-worn accelerometers were wide (the count cutpoint: −117 to 243, the ENMO cutpoint: −212 to 313 min). Conclusions: Currently established cutpoint-based methods to estimate sedentary time from wrist-worn accelerometers result in underestimation of daily sedentary time compared to posture-based estimates of thigh-worn accelerometers. Thus, sedentary time estimates obtained from wrist-worn accelerometers using currently available cutpoint-based methods should be interpreted with caution and future work is needed to improve their accuracy.
Personal, Social, and Environmental Influences on Physical Activity in Groups of Children As Defined by Different Physical Activity Patterns
Authors: Saunders Ruth P. , Dishman Rod K. , Dowda Marsha , Pate Russell R. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Interventions promoting physical activity (PA) in youth have had limited success, in part because studies with methodological challenges have yielded an incomplete understanding of personal, social, and environmental influences on PA. This study described changes in these factors for subgroups of youth with initially high PA that decreased (Active-Decline) compared with children with initially low PA that decreased (Inactive-Decline) from fifth to ninth grades. Methods: Observational, prospective cohort design. Participants (n = 625) were fifth-grade children recruited in 2 school districts and followed from elementary to high school. Students and their parents responded to questionnaires to assess personal, social, and perceived physical environmental factors in the fifth (mean age = 10.5 [.5] y) and ninth (mean age = 14.7 [.6] y) grades. Analyses included a mixed-model 2-way repeated analysis of variances. Results: Children in the Active-Decline compared with those in the Inactive-Decline group showed a more favorable profile in 6 of 8 personal variables (perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-schema, enjoyment, competence, and fitness motives) and 4 of 6 social variables (friend support, parent encouragement, parent support, and parent-reported support). Conclusions: The results suggest efforts to promote PA should target selected personal, social, and perceived environmental factors beginning before age 10 and continuing through adolescence.
Normative Data for the Balance Error Scoring System in Iranian Adults
Authors: Shamshiri Ainaz , Rezaei Iman , Sinaei Ehsan , Heidari Saeed , Ghanbari Ali 
Published: July 2020

Context: The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), originally designed to diagnose and assess athletes with concussion syndrome, is now widely used to evaluate postural stability. To interpret balance status, a normative database can be a reliable source. However, different anthropometric characteristics and sociocultural backgrounds across populations hinder the application of previously developed databases in different populations. Objective: The present study was designed to develop a normative data set for the general population of healthy Iranian adults according to their age groups and to study the correlation between BESS scores and the participants’ sex, height, weight, and body mass index. Design: A cross-sectional study. Participants: A total of 1051 community-dwelling adults aged 20–69 years not suffering from balance disorders, dizziness, or other neurological or musculoskeletal diseases were recruited and stratified into 5 different age groups by decade. Main Outcome Measures: The BESS tests were composed of single-leg, double-leg, and tandem stances, each on a rigid surface and a foam pad. The individuals maintained each position for 20 seconds with eyes closed. The assessor recorded the total number of errors as the individuals’ BESS score (range: 0–60). Results: Significant but weak correlations were found between BESS score and height (r = −.13, P < .001) and between BESS score and body mass index (r = .11, P < .001), and the difference between sexes in BESS score was statistically significant in the 50- to 59-year-old (P = .021) and 60- to 69-year-old (P < .001) groups. The BESS scores were significantly different between all age groups (P < .05), except between the 20- to 29-year-old and 30- to 39-year-old groups (P = 1.000) and between the 40- to 49-year-old and 50- to 59-year-old groups (P = .086). Conclusions: This study provided a normative database for different age groups of asymptomatic Iranian adults. The BESS score had weak correlations with height and body mass index and no correlation with weight, and significant differences were found between sexes in 50- to 69-year-old individuals. This study emphasizes the importance of obtaining specific normative data for different populations.
Oxygen uptake efficiency slope: a reliable surrogate parameter for exercise capacity in healthy and cardiac children?
Authors: Gavotto Arthur , Vandenberghe D'arcy , Abassi Hamouda , Huguet Helena , Macioce Valerie , Picot Marie-Christine , Guillaumont Sophie , Matecki Stefan , Amedro Pascal 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesCardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides accurate evaluation of physical capacity and disease severity in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, full participation to obtain optimal measure of VO2max may be difficult. As an alternative, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is a reproducible and reliable parameter measured during CPET, which does not require a maximal exercise to be interpretable. This study aimed to evaluate the OUES of a large cohort of children with CHD, in comparison with healthy controls. We also intended to identify, in this specific population, the clinical and CPET variables associated with the OUES.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2010 and September 2015 in two tertiary care paediatric and congenital cardiology centres.Results709 children were included (407 CHD and 302 healthy controls). The association of clinical characteristics with weight-normalised OUES (OUESkg) was studied using a multivariable analysis. The mean OUESkg was significantly lower in CHD than in healthy controls (38.6±8.5 and 43.9±8.5; p<0.001, respectively), especially in the most severe CHD. The OUESkg correlated with VO2max (r=0.85, p<0.001), with cut-off values for normal exercise capacity of 38.4 in boys and 31.0 in girls. The decrease of OUESkg was associated with increased age, increased Body Mass Index, number of cardiac catheter or surgical procedures, female gender and decreased forced vital capacity (Z-score).ConclusionThe OUES is significantly impaired in children with CHD and strongly correlates with VO2max. The OUES has the same clinical determinants as VO2max and therefore may be of interest in submaximal exercise.Trial registration numberNCT01202916.
Placental transfusion and short-term outcomes among extremely preterm infants
Authors: Kumbhat Neha , Eggleston Barry , Davis Alexis S , Van Meurs Krisa P , DeMauro Sara Bonamo , Foglia Elizabeth E , Lakshminrusimha Satyanarayan , Walsh Michele C , Watterberg Kristi L , Wyckoff Myra H , Das Abhik , Handley Sara C 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo compare short-term outcomes after placental transfusion (delayed cord clamping (DCC) or umbilical cord milking (UCM)) versus immediate cord clamping among extremely preterm infants.DesignRetrospective study.SettingTheEunice Kennedy ShriverNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network registry.PatientsInfants born <29 weeks’ gestation in 2016 or 2017 without congenital anomalies who received active treatment after delivery.Intervention/exposureDCC or UCM.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcomes: (1) composite of mortality or major morbidity by 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA); (2) mortality by 36 weeks PMA and (3) composite of major morbidities by 36 weeks’ PMA. Secondary composite outcomes: (1) any grade intraventricular haemorrhage or mortality by 36 weeks’ PMA and (2) hypotension treatment in the first 24 postnatal hours or mortality in the first 12 postnatal hours. Outcomes were assessed using multivariable regression, adjusting for mortality risk factors identified a priori, significant confounders and centre as a random effect.ResultsAmong 3116 infants, 40% were exposed to placental transfusion, which was not associated with the primary composite outcome of mortality or major morbidity by 36 weeks’ PMA (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.26, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.66). However, exposure was associated with decreased mortality by 36 weeks’ PMA (aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.92) and decreased hypotension treatment in first 24 postnatal hours (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.82).ConclusionIn this extremely preterm infant cohort, exposure to placental transfusion was not associated with the composite outcome of mortality or major morbidity, though there was a reduction in mortality by 36 weeks’ PMA.Trial registration numberNCT00063063.
Automated oxygen control in preterm infants, how does it work and what to expect: a narrative review
Authors: Salverda Hylke H , Cramer Sophie J E , Witlox Ruben S G M , Dargaville Peter A , te Pas Arjan B 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAutomated oxygen control systems are finding their way into contemporary ventilators for preterm infants, each with its own algorithm, strategy and effect.ObjectiveTo provide guidance to clinicians seeking to comprehend automated oxygen control and possibly introduce this technology in their practice.MethodA narrative review of the commercially available devices using different algorithms incorporating rule-based, proportional-integral-derivative and adaptive concepts are described and explained. An overview of how they work and, if available, the clinical effect is given.ResultsAll algorithms have shown a beneficial effect on the proportion of time that oxygen saturation is within target range, and a decrease in hyperoxia and severe hypoxia. Automated oxygen control may also reduce the workload for bedside staff. There is concern that such devices could mask clinical deterioration, however this has not been reported to date.ConclusionsSo far, trials involving different algorithms are heterogenous in design and no head-to-head comparisons have been made, making it difficult to differentiate which algorithm is most effective and what clinicians can expect from algorithms under certain conditions.
Ocular adnexal lymphoma in Denmark: a nationwide study of 387 cases from 1980 to 2017
Authors: Holm Frederik , Mikkelsen Lauge Hjorth , Kamper Peter , Rasmussen Peter Kristian , Larsen Thomas Stauffer , Sjö Lene Dissing , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundNationwide studies of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) are very rare in the literature, and knowledge on incidence, subtype distribution and long-term survival data is limited. This is the largest national study of OAL to date. This study sought to find information on incidence, changes in incidence, clinical findings, distribution of subtypes, survival and prognostic factors.MethodsPatients diagnosed with OAL from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2017 were identified in Danish registers, and clinical as well as survival data were collected. The data were analysed with Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank test.Results387 patients were included in the study. The major lymphoma subtypes were extranodal marginal-zone B cell lymphoma (EMZL) (55%), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (13%), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) (11%) and follicular lymphoma (FL) (10%). OAL is a disease of the elderly (median age 69 years). The incidence of lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region has increased significantly throughout the time period of the study (Pearson correlation coefficient, r=0.65; P<0.001). In the period 1980–1984, the incidence was 0.086 per 100 000, which increased to 0.307 per 100 000 in the period 2013–2017. Low-grade, low-stage primary lymphomas were treated with radiotherapy, whereas patients with high-stage, high-grade and/or relapsed disease were treated with chemotherapy. Low-grade subtypes EMZL (89%) and FL (56%) had better 10-year disease-specific survival than the high-grade lymphomas DLBCL (38%) and MCL (31%)(p<0.001).ConclusionOAL is increasing in incidence in the Danish population for unknown reasons. However, the prognosis for most OAL is favourable, as highlighted in this national long-term study.
Determinants of corneal endothelial cell loss after sulcus placement of Ahmed and Baerveldt drainage device surgery
Authors: Murakami Yumiko , Hirooka Kazuyuki , Yuasa Yuki , Okumichi Hideaki , Tokumo Kana , Kawano Reo , Kiuchi Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2020

AimIn patients who underwent multiple intraocular surgeries, we evaluated determinants of decreased corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) after sulcus placement following Ahmed and Baerveldt drainage device surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with glaucoma who underwent sulcus placement with an Ahmed glaucoma valve or a Baerveldt glaucoma implant. We compared presurgical and postsurgical CECD and risk factors for decreased CECD.ResultsWe examined 41 eyes of 41 patients. Postsurgical CECD measurements were assessed 2.0±1.0 times during a median follow-up period of 28 months. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased from 28.4±11.6 mmHg to 12.2±5.3 mmHg 24 months after the operation. At 24 months, CECD decreased 14.6±5.4% after considering the variability in the number and time points of CECD determinations. History of prior surgery and higher preoperative IOP were significantly associated with a trend for a time-dependent decrease in CECD.ConclusionsRisk factors for decreased CECD after sulcus placement during Ahmed and Baerveldt drainage device surgery included the number of previous intraocular surgeries and higher presurgical IOP.