bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Centring Indigenous knowledge systems to re‐imagine conservation translocations
Authors: Rayne Aisling , Byrnes Greg , Collier‐Robinson Levi , Hollows John , McIntosh Angus , Ramsden Mananui , Rupene Makarini , Tamati‐Elliffe Paulette , Thoms Channell , Steeves Tammy E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConservation translocations—particularly those that weave diverse ways of knowing and seeing the world—promise to enhance species recovery and build ecosystem resilience. Yet, few studies to date have been led or co‐led by Indigenous peoples; or consider how centring Indigenous knowledge systems can lead to betterconservation translocation outcomes.In this Perspective, as Indigenous and non‐Indigenous researchers and practitioners working in partnership in Aotearoa New Zealand, we present a novel framework for co‐designing conservation translocations that centre Indigenous peoples and knowledge systems through Two‐Eyed Seeing.We apply this framework to Aotearoa New Zealand's threatened and underprioritized freshwater biodiversity. In particular, we highlight the co‐development of conservation translocations with Te Kōhaka o Tūhaitara and Te Nohoaka o Tukiauau that are weaving emerging genomic approaches into mātauraka Māori (Māori knowledge systems), including customary practices, processes and language.We envision the Two‐Eyed Seeing framework presented here will provide a critical point of reference for the co‐development of conservation translocations led or co‐led by Indigenous peoples elsewhere in the world to build more resilient biocultural heritage.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A child in pain: A psychologist’s perspective on changing priorities in scientific understanding and clinical care
Authors: Craig Kenneth D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMy research and clinical career followed a trajectory of increasing appreciation for the importance of social factors as determinants of pain experience and expression. The social contexts of children’s lives determine whether infants and children are exposed to pain, how socialization in family and ethnocultural contexts lead to pain as a social experience, comprised of thoughts and feelings as well as sensory input, how others shape pain experience and expression, less so for automatic/reflexive features than purposeful representations, and how other's appraisals of children’s pain reflect the observer's unique background and capacities for intervening in the child’s interests. A greater understanding of the social dimensions of pain, as reflected in the social communication model of pain, would support innovation of psychological and social interventions.
Effects of the functional groups amino and nitro on the reactivity of benzoxazoles and comparison with homologous benzothiazoles
Authors: Silva Ana L.R. , Ribeiro da Silva Maria D.M.C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe energetic study of 2‐aminobenzoxazole (ABO) and 2‐methyl‐6‐nitrobenzoxazole (MNBO) has been developed using experimental and computational tools. The enthalpies of combustion, of fusion, and of sublimation of these compounds were measured by static‐bomb combustion calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and Calvet microcalorimetry drop‐technique and/or the Knudsen‐effusion method. Additionally, we calculated the gas‐phase standard molar enthalpies of formation of these compounds, as well as of 2‐methyl‐6‐nitrobenzothiazole (MNBT), through high level ab initio calculations, at the G3(MP2)//B3LYP level of theory. Furthermore, the energetic effects associated with the presence of the amino and nitro groups on the core of benzoxazole or benzothiazole molecules were also evaluated, as well as stabilizing electronic interactions occurring in the molecules. The latter were investigated through Natural Bonding Orbital (NBO) of the corresponding wave functions. Finally, the thermodynamic stability of the titled compounds was evaluated and a comparison with their sulfur heteroanalogs was achieved. In the gaseous phase, the oxygen derivatives exhibit the lowest tendency to decompose into their constituent elements at standard conditions.
Synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymer using trimethylene carbonate bearing oligo(ethylene glycol) and investigation of thin film including cilostazol
Authors: Nobuoka Hiroaki , Nagasawa Masakazu , Chanthaset Nalinthip , Yoshida Hiroaki , Haramiishi Yoshiaki , Ajiro Hiroharu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo prepare a thin film, the block copolymer poly(TMCM‐MOE3OM)‐b‐PTMC was prepared with different segment ratios of hydrophilic moiety. The glass transition temperature of poly(TMCM‐MOE3OM)‐b‐PTMC decreased as the content of TMCM‐MOE3OM increased as expected, and it was confirmed that the graft oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) affected intermolecular interaction. The polymers grafted with OEG showed a thermoresponsive property, which can be expected to be applied to materials triggered by temperature. A thin film was prepared by mixing block copolymer and cilostazol as a drug, and the distribution of cilostazol was observed. It was confirmed that cilostazol was uniformly distributed on the thin film and that local sustained release could be avoided at the time of elution. The eluting behavior of the thin film from the substrate was apparently affected on the segment ratio of the block copolymer. When the thin film was immersed in PBS, the eluting rate increased as the segment ratio of TMCM‐MOE3OM in the block copolymer increased. As a result, it is possible to control the eluting rate by changing the ratio of the hydrophilicity and the hydrophobicity of the block copolymer, contributing to the creation of a new coating material containing cilostazol.
Combustion Properties of Composite Propellants Based on Two Kinds of Polyether Binders and Different Oxidizers
Authors: Gong Li , Li Jianmin , Li Yuping , Yang Rongjie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo kinds of solid propellants based on propargyl‐terminated ethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran copolyether (PTPET) and ethylene oxide‐tetrahydrofuran copolyether (PET) were prepared with 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (RDX), ammonium perchlorate (AP) and aluminum (Al), respectively. The order of burning rates for PET+RDX, PTPET+RDX and PET+RDX+Cu−B propellants: PTPET+RDX > PET+RDX > PET+RDX+Cu−B. Their pressure exponents are also similar when the pressure is higher than 7 MPa. The combustion residue of PET+RDX and PET+RDX+Cu−B propellants show a loose structure and there are many bright particles distributed in its flame zone. The combustion residue of PTPET+RDX propellant shows a dense structure and its flame is uniform. The burning rates of PET+AP+Cu−B propellant is between the burning rates of PET+AP and PTPET+AP propellants at the same pressure. Their flame shape is similar. The burning rates of PET+AP+Al+Cu−B propellant is also between the burning rates of PET+AP+Al and PTPET+AP+Al propellants at the same pressure. The combustion flame of PET+AP+Al propellant differs greatly in direction and shape at different time. The combustion flame of PTPET+AP+Al and PET+AP+Al+Cu−B become almost identical in shape and direction at different time. These results show that the curing catalyst Cu−B of PTPET propellant plays a catalytic role in combustion.
FEST – New Procedure for Evaluation of Sensitivity Experiments
Authors: Selesovsky Jakub , Pelikan Vojtech , Schuster Jaroslav , Janovský Břetislav , Matyáš Robert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe sensitivity of energetic materials to initiating stimuli is one of the tests with binary response. Usually, there is not a single sharp boundary between energy levels causing initiation and not causing initiation. Instead, there is an interval of energies causing the initiation with certain probability, called the sensitivity curve. In the past, various methods were developed to determine the whole sensitivity curve, or its important points (e. g. Bruceton staircase, Robbins‐Monroe, Langlie, Probit analysis, or Neyer'sD‐optimal test, 3pod). All these methods, despite frequently used, have their limitations. We would like to introduce the new method/algorithm, called FEST (Fast and Efficient Sensitivity Testing), for the determination of a sensitivity curve. The sensitivity curve is represented by the cumulative distribution function for a lognormal distribution. The calculation of the level for the next shot is similar to Neyer's approach in the beginning of the test procedure. Later, after the overlap is reached and therefore unique maximum likelihood estimates for μ and σ exist, the next shot level is calculated from these parameters using two user‐defined constants. These constants can be used to shift the levels of testing into the area of interest of the sensitivity curve. In this article, the algorithm is introduced, its convergence to real values is supported by simple Monte Carlo simulations, and a real life example (determination of sensitivity to electrostatic discharge for a pyrotechnic mixture) is presented.
Mesoporous Magnetite Nanoclusters as Efficient Nanocarriers for Paclitaxel Delivery
Authors: Shima  , Damodaran P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis manuscript report the facile and cost‐effective fabrication of a targeted drug delivery system based on mesoporous magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoclusters. A simple one‐pot solvothermal method was followed for the synthesis of mesoporous Fe3O4 nanoclusters having average cluster size of ∼120 nm. As‐synthesized Fe3O4 nanoclusters exhibited excellent water dispersibility and superparamagnetism in conjunction with fast magnetic responsiveness. The anticancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX) was used as the model drug to investigate the applicability of as‐prepared mesoporous Fe3O4 nanoclusters for drug delivery applications. Successful loading of PTX into Fe3O4 nanoclusters was confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and drug loading capacity was estimated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). An efficient loading capacity of 17 % was achieved for PTX in the present study. The in vitro release of PTX was higher in acidic pH compared to physiological pH. As the extracellular pH of cancer cells is more acidic than that of normal cells, mesoporous Fe3O4 nanocluster‐based drug delivery vehicles can reduce the undesired release of PTX in blood circulation during the delivery process (at physiological pH) and can enhance the drug release inside the tumour cells. The results demonstrate that Fe3O4 nanoclusters developed in the present study are potential drug delivery systems
Synthesis and Application of Siloles: From the Past to Present
Authors: Santra Soumava 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHeterocyclic compounds in particular siloles in which a carbon atom has been replaced by an isovalent silicon atom, has gained wide attention recently. Due to their unique and interesting electronic and aggregation‐induced emmision properties, they found practical application in many areas. The properties of siloles depend upon the nature of subsituents present on the ring. Therefore, the synthetic methods and strategies continued to evolve since their first synthetic report. The advances in the synthesis of siloles, mechanistic details, substituents effect and applications have been discussed in this review.
Bi(III) Complexes Containing Dithiocarbamate Ligands: Synthesis, Structure Elucidation by X‐ray Diffraction, Solid‐State 13C/15N NMR, and DFT Calculations
Authors: Gowda Vasantha , Sarma Bipul , Larsson Anna‐Carin , Lantto Perttu , Antzutkin Oleg. N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report on syntheses, characterisation by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of electronic/molecular structure and NMR chemical shifts of complexes of Bi(III), having the molecular formulae: [Bi{S2CN(C2H5)2)}3] (1), [Bi{S2CN(C2H5)2)}2(C12H8N2)NO3)] (2), and [Bi2{S2CN(CH2)5}6
H2O] (3). The powder XRD patterns of complexes (1) and (2) resembled the corresponding calculated powder XRD patterns for previously reported single crystal structures. Single crystal XRD structure of complex (3), reported in this work, adopted an orthorhombic system with a space group Pbca with a=10.9956(3) Å, b=27.7733(8) Å, c=35.1229(10) Å and α=β=γ=90°. The experimental solid‐state 13C/15N NMR data of the complexes (1)‐(3) were in accord with their X‐ray single crystal structures. The unit cell of the complex (3) shows a weak supramolecular Bi
S interaction leading to the formation of a non‐centrosymmetric binuclear molecule [Bi2{S2CN(CH2)5}6
H2O], which displays structural inequivalence in both 13C/15N NMR, and XRD data. Assignments of resonance lines in solid‐state 13C/15N NMR spectra of complexes (1)‐(3) were assisted by chemical shift calculations using periodic DFT methods. The findings of the present multidisciplinary approach will contribute in designing molecular models and further understanding of the structures and properties of (diamagnetic) metal complexes, including heavy metal ones.
Direct Electrochemistry and Sensitive Detection of Guanosine on Nanopolymeric Surfaces Bearing Boronic Acid Groups
Authors: Kuralay Filiz , Gürsoy Taner 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the use of novel boronic acid containing polymeric surfaces for following improved direct electrochemistry and highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of guanosine. Effective and robost boronic acid containing electroactive polymeric layers based on poly(3‐aminophenylboronic acid) (PAPBA) in the existence of a convenient nanomaterial (multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs) were fabricated onto graphite surfaces with a simple and reproducible single‐step electro‐fabrication method for the first time. So‐formed electrodes were then utilized for direct electrochemistry of guanosine and determination of guanosine. The electrode presented a linearity to guanosine from 1 μM to 120 μM and the detection limit was calculated as 0.14 μM (n=3). It was feasible to differentiate guanine and guanosine with a good peak separation value of 0.31 V. Furthermore, analytical performance of this novel electrode was compared with the performances of graphene added polymeric layer modified graphite electrode and unmodified graphite electrode.
Comparison of Photo‐Esterification Capability of Bismuth Vanadate with Reduced Graphene Oxide Bismuth Vanadate (RGO/BiVO4) Composite for Biodiesel Production from High Free Fatty Acid Containing Non‐Edible Oil
Authors: Ghani Naila , Iqbal Javed , Sadaf Sana , Nawaz Bhatti Haq , Asgher Muhammad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBiodiesel has gained much more attention as an alternative and renewable energy source due to the continuous exhaustion of petroleum reserves and their inauspicious environmental effects. Non‐edible feedstocks are economically viable for the production of biodiesel but the presence of higher amount of free fatty acids (FFAs) in these oils is a main hurdle for getting good quality biodiesel. This issue can be addressed through esterification prior to transesterification of oil. This work was designed to evaluate soapnut oil as a source for biodiesel production. Moreover, the catalytic activity of two sunlight active photocatalysts; BiVO4 and RGO/BiVO4 was also compared for the esterification of higher FFA content present in soapnut oil. BiVO4 and RGO/BiVO4 were characterized through SEM, XRD and FT‐IR. Experimental results revealed that RGO/BiVO4 exhibited higher catalytic activity as compare to BiVO4 for the esterification of FFA under sunlight irradiation. Different process variables were optimized and maximum conversion of FFA (88 %) was obtained at 3 : 1 methanol to oil ratio, 5 % catalyst dose, 300 rpm stirring speed and 3 h of reaction time. Esterified oil was then transesterified by using MgO‐KOH heterogeneous catalyst and maximum yield (94 %) of soapnut methyl esters (SNMEs) was obtained at 9 : 1 methanol to oil ratio, 3 % catalyst dose, 2 h reaction time, 80 °C temperature and at 300 rpm stirring speed. The physic‐chemical analysis of synthesized biodiesel revealed that it meets ASTM standards.
Bioelectrochemical Chain Elongation of Short‐Chain Fatty Acids Creates Steering Opportunities for Selective Formation of n‐Butyrate, n‐Valerate or n‐Caproate
Authors: Raes Sanne M. T. , Jourdin Ludovic , Buisman Cees J. N. , Strik David P. B. T. B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractValorization of organic residual streams that produce short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) require an energetic electron donor to form more valuable elongated products. By microbial electrosynthesis such electrons donor is supplied by an electrode. Here we show that bioelectrochemical chain elongation (BCE) of SCFA was steered to high selective product formation efficiencies depending on the supplied fatty acid. n‐Butyrate, n‐valerate, n‐caproate were in different experimental conditions formed at respectively 94.1, 95.4 and 83.4% carbon‐based selectivity. The reactor microbiomes adapted to the new feeding conditions within a few days. Remarkably, propionate elongation appeared to be preferred over acetate elongation. Propionate elongation resulted in highly selective formation of the odd‐chain fatty acid n‐valerate; this seems contradictory to ethanol chain elongation studies in which acetate is concurrently formed leading to straight fatty acids as by products.
Preparation of Stable CuO/Boron Nitride Nanocomposite Modified Electrode for Selective Electrochemical Detection of L–Cysteine
Authors: Jerome Rajendran , Keerthivasan Pulia Venkatachalapathy , Murugan Nagaraj , Devi Nagarajan Ramila , Sundramoorthy Ashok K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractL‐cysteine (Cys) is one of the main amino acid and its deficiency could cause several diseases and biological disorders in our body. Thus, it is important to accurately detect Cys level in biological samples. Herein, we reported a facile strategy to fabricate novel electrode material consisting of conductive hybrid film made of copper oxide‐boron nitride nanosheets (CuO/BN). Powdered X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy results confirmed the successful formation of CuO/BN hybrid nanocomposite. Next, electrochemical and electro‐catalytic properties of CuO/BN hybrid film is studied by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. Interestingly, CuO/BN coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) showed excellent electro‐catalytic activity towards Cys oxidation in phosphate buffer solution (0.1 M PBS). Newly developed CuO/BN film modified electrode is exhibited high oxidation peak current at lower potential of +0.45 V compared to bare GCE. CuO/BN/GCE sensor is also utilized for the detection of Cys from 1 to 10 μM and limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.58 μM. The selectivity of the sensor is determined by detecting 5 μM Cys in the presence of different interferent molecules. Furthermore, repeatability, reproducibility and stability of the CuO/BN/GCE sensor are also investigated. Finally, CuO/BN/GCE sensor is successfully applied to detect spiked Cys in human blood serum samples with good recovery.
A DFT Study on Transition States of Inhibition of Oxidation by α‐Tocopherol
Authors: Yamabe Shinichi , Tsuchida Noriko , Yamazaki Shoko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDFT calculations were performed for reactions of α‐tocopherol (α‐TocH) with peroxy radicals LOO.s, tert‐Bu‐O2., Me‐HC(‐O2.)‐CH=CH‐CH=CHMe, Cl3C‐O2. and F3CCH(Cl)‐O2., so as to examine the anti‐oxidant activity of vitamin E. 2,2,5,7,8‐Pentamethyl‐6‐chromanol (PMCH) was also used as a parent substrate to investigate the effect of the alkyl side chain, phytyl (CH2CH2CH2CH(CH3))3CH3 group, of α‐TocH on the reactivity. The effect of ethanol which is a standard solvent for vitamin E on its reactivity was carefully examined in a system composed of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐(4′‐methoxyphenyl)‐phenoxyl radical and α‐TocH. All the reaction paths were found to be not with hydrogen‐atom migration but with proton migration. Two types of transition states of LOO. + α‐TocH → LOOH + α‐Toc. were found. One is the concerted proton‐electron transfer for neutral peroxy radicals. The other is the modified single‐electron transfer followed by the Grotthuss‐type proton transfer with intervention of ethanol molecules for electron‐withdrawing peroxy radicals.
Benzoate Ester Functionalized Phenylenediamine Derivatives: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties
Authors: Zhu Guanxing , Zhang Gang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMethyl benzoate functionalized phenylenediamine derivatives with the methoxycarbonyl groups at the ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐positions of amino group were synthesized via palladium‐catalyzed Buchwald‐Hartwig reaction and copper‐catalyzed Ullmann amination. Crystallographic analysis unraveled the presences of intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in compounds bearing NH groups. Spectroscopic investigation revealed that compounds with amine protected by phenyl showed varied emissions with relatively stronger intensity in solution and in solid state than those of the unprotected ones. All the compounds demonstrated aggregation induced enhanced emissions in THF/water, some of which exhibited tunable emissions according to the water contents. Theoretical calculations unveiled that compound with intramolecular hydrogen bond possessed twisted structure and could undergo one proton transfer process in the excited state, which were essential to its low fluorescence intensity in solution and enhanced emission in the solid state.
A New Approach to Synthesis of Highly Dispersed Gold Nanoparticles via Glucose Oxidase‐Immobilized Hydrogel and Usage in The Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Ozay Hava , Tarımeri Nur , Gungor Zeynep , Demirbakan Burçak , Özcan Burcu , Sezgintürk Mustafa Kemal , Ozay Ozgur 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, for the first time in the literature, synthesis of Au(0) nanoparticles supported by a crosslinked gel structure was performed via enzyme‐mediated reduction of Au(III) ions without using any chemical reductant. In our newly‐developed method, glucose oxidase enzymes immobilized in the crosslinked gelatine structure ensured simultaneous reduction of the Au(III) ions diffused within the gel to Au(0). The Au@Gel obtained was structurally characterised with TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), EDX (Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis) elemental mapping, XPS (X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and XRD (X‐Ray Diffraction) analyses. The catalytic activity of Au(0) particles with nearly 8 nm size in the Au@Gel was investigated for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) as a model compound in the presence of NaBH4 as reducing agent. The activation parameters for the reduction reaction of 4‐nitrophenol in the presence of Au@Gel catalyst were determined as Ea= 30.16 kJmol−, ΔH#= 27.52 kJmol− and ΔS#= −197.45 Jmol−K−. The Au@Gel catalyst system, with good catalytic activity, simultaneously has nearly perfect reusability.