bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross‐sectional study of dermatological conditions in rural and urban Timor‐Leste
Authors: Hao Evelyn Y. , Rhodes Julia E.J. , Nixon Rosemary L. , Saunderson Rebecca B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information about the type of skin disease in Timor‐Leste. In order to determine the type and magnitude of skin disease in Timor‐Leste, we conducted a cross‐sectional point prevalence study of 271 patients from rural and urban Timor‐Leste. The aim of the study was to estimate the magnitude and burden of dermatological disease.MethodsTwo Australian‐trained dermatologists conducted clinics in the city of Dili (urban) and village of Manusae (rural) in Timor‐Leste between the period of June and July 2016. They independently recorded all patient presentations and diagnoses.ResultsA total of 271 patients were reviewed over two months, of whom 37% were seen in an urban setting and 63% in a rural setting. Scabies accounted for 96% of all presentations in the rural setting, which was significantly higher than its presentation in the urban setting (8%), P < 0.001. Scabies also accounted for the majority of presentations in the paediatric population aged 10 years or younger. Fungal and bacterial skin and soft tissue infections were both more common in urban areas (P < 0.001).ConclusionsScabies infection remains the most prevalent dermatological condition encountered in the Timor‐Leste rural population and has hopefully been addressed by a recent mass drug administration. It is important to raise awareness of the systemic problems that can arise from untreated skin infections.
The use of magnetic resonance imaging to predict placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Ishibashi Hiroki , Miyamoto Morikazu , Shinmoto Hiroshi , Soga Shigeyoshi , Matsuura Hiroko , Kakimoto Soichiro , Iwahashi Hideki , Sakamoto Takahiro , Hada Taira , Suzuki Rie , Takano Masashi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionMassive hemorrhage due to placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum is associated with high maternal mortality and morbidity. Therefore, accurate prediction of placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum is essential; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool for this purpose. This study investigated novel predictors of anterior and posterior placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum using MRI.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective study at a tertiary obstetrics hospital in Japan. The singleton patients with placenta previa who were scanned with MRI prenatally and had a cesarean section at our institution between 2007 and 2018 were included. The prediction of anterior and posterior placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum was evaluated using four MRI findings: heterogeneous signals in the placenta, dark T2‐weighted intraplacental bands, myometrial thinning or interruption, and focal uterine bulging. The prediction of posterior placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum was performed using the quantification of cervical varicosities, which were defined as the ratio of the distance between the minimum distance from the most dorsal cervical varicosities (a) to the deciduous and amniotic placenta (b) on a sagittal image.ResultsAmong 202 patients, 14 (6.9%) patients were pathologically diagnosed as having placenta accreta spectrum. Further, 38 (18.8%) patients had anterior placenta previa and 164 (81.2%) patients had posterior placenta previa. When anterior placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum was predicted using at least one of the four MRI findings, the sensitivity and specificity of the anterior placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum were 87.5% and 86.7%, respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity of posterior placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum were 42.9% and 96.2%, respectively. But when the A/B ratio was set at 0.20, the sensitivity and specificity of the prediction for posterior placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum using cervical varicosities were 100.0% and 89.2%, respectively.ConclusionsThe findings of MRI to predict the anterior placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum were different from posterior placenta previa. The cervical varicosities may be useful in predicting posterior placenta previa with placenta accreta spectrum.
A clinical pathway for the management of Peyronie’s disease: integrating clinical guidelines from the International Society of Sexual Medicine, American Urological Association and European Urological Association
Authors: Chung Eric , Gillman Michael , Tuckey John , La Bianca Shane , Love Chris 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo provide a clinical framework and key guideline statements to assist clinicians in the evidence‐based management of Peyronie’s disease (PD).MethodsWe conducted a review of the published literature relevant to PD management, with an emphasis on published clinical guidelines. References used in the text have been assessed according to their level of evidence, and guideline recommendations have been graded based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐based Medicine Levels of Evidence.ResultsThe management of PD involves taking a detailed penile and sexual history, with a focused penile examination to identify plaque and hourglass deformity, and digital photographs of the erect curved (deformed) penis. Penile colour Duplex ultrasonography evaluates tunical plaque and underlying cavernosal smooth muscle and blood flow variables. The current therapy for PD can be divided into two main groups, namely, medical therapy and penile reconstructive surgery, and the patient should be counselled on the benefits and risks of each treatment option.ConclusionsPeyronie’s disease remains a clinical challenge and presents a considerable therapeutic dilemma as the current therapy addresses existing penile curvature only and is not very effective in preventing future penile fibrosis and/or reversing underlying erectile dysfunction.
Guidelines for Reporting of Figures and Tables for Clinical Research in Urology
Authors: Vickers Andrew J. , Assel Melissa J. , Sjoberg Daniel D. , Qin Rui , Zhao Zhiguo , Koyama Tatsuki , Botchway Albert , Wang Xuemei , Huo Dezheng , Kattan Michael , Zabor Emily C. , Harrell Frank 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn an effort to improve the presentation of and information within tables and figures in clinical urology research, we propose a set of appropriate guidelines. We introduce six principles: (1) include graphs only if they improve the reader’s ability to understand the study findings; (2) think through how a graph might best convey information, do not just select a graph from preselected options on statistical software; (3) do not use graphs to replace reporting key numbers in the text of a paper; (4) graphs should give an immediate visual impression of the data; (5) make it beautiful; and (6) make the labels and legend clear and complete. We present a list of quick “dos and don’ts” for both tables and figures. Investigators should feel free to break any of the guidelines if it would result in a beautiful figure or a clear table that communicates data effectively. That said, we believe that the quality of tables and figures in the medical literature would improve if these guidelines were to be followed.Patient SummaryA set of guidelines were developed for presenting figures and tables in urology research. The guidelines were developed by a broad group of statistical experts with special interest in urology.
Occupational respiratory allergy to lettuce in lettuce farmers
Authors: Sekiya Reina , Nagano Tatsuya , Moriyama Tatsuya , Kishi Toshiyuki , Shinke Haruko , Yano Erika , Hatano Naoya , Katsurada Masahiro , Umezawa Kanoko , Katsurada Naoko , Hori Suya , Hazeki Nobuko , Fukunaga Atsushi , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Kamiryo Hiroshi , Shinohara Masakazu , Kobayashi Kazuyuki , Kotani Yoshikazu , Nishimura Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLettuce‐associated respiratory allergy has never been reported before. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical condition of lettuce‐associated respiratory allergy and to identify the lettuce antigen which induces allergic symptoms.MethodsWe distributed questionnaires to 1168 lettuce farmers and performed medical examinations in those who exhibited respiratory symptoms related to occupational exposure to lettuce. We analysed specific IgE‐binding proteins in the sera of patients through immunoblotting analysis and determined molecular characterization of the IgE‐binding bands using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry.ResultsA total of 932 farmers (80%) responded to the questionnaire. Of those, 7% exhibited lettuce‐associated respiratory symptoms, during harvesting and packaging. Thirteen patients were diagnosed with allergy to lettuce and agreed to undergo further examinations. The percentage of activated basophils in these patients was significantly higher compared with that reported in negative controls (P < .05). Lettuce‐specific IgE (ImmunoCAP®) and skin prick testing was positive in 46% and 62% of patients, respectively. Notably, occupational lettuce‐allergic asthma was detected in one patient through specific bronchial provocation testing. The IgE‐binding bands recognized in the sera of >50% of patients were identified as epidermis‐specific secreted glycoprotein EP1‐like (51 kDa).ConclusionThe present analysis identified a novel lettuce allergen. This allergen may have clinically useful applications, such as specific IgE testing and allergen‐specific immunotherapy.
Engineering of chimeric natural killer cell receptors to develop precision adoptive immunotherapies for cancer
Authors: Obajdin J , Davies D M , Maher J 
Published: June 2020

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells are innate immune effectors which play a crucial role in recognizing and eliminating virally infected and cancerous cells. They effectively distinguish between healthy and distressed self through the integration of signals delivered by germline-encoded activating and inhibitory cell surface receptors. The frequent up-regulation of stress markers on genetically unstable cancer cells has prompted the development of novel immunotherapies that exploit such innate receptors. One prominent example entails the development of chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) that detect cell surface ligands bound by NK receptors, coupling this engagement to the delivery of tailored immune activating signals. Here, we review strategies to engineer CARs in which specificity is conferred by natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) or other NK receptor types. Multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated the remarkable ability of chimeric NK receptor-targeted T cells and NK cells to effectively and specifically eliminate cancer cells and to reject established tumour burdens. Importantly, such systems act not only acutely but, in some cases, they also incite immunological memory. Moreover, CARs targeted with the NKG2D ligand binding domain have also been shown to disrupt the tumour microenvironment, through the targeting of suppressive T regulatory cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumour vasculature. Collectively, these findings have led to the initiation of early-phase clinical trials evaluating both autologous and allogeneic NKG2D-targeted CAR T cells in the haematological and solid tumour settings.
Importance of second‐look endoscopy after per‐oral endoscopic myotomy for safe postoperative management
Authors: Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Inoue Haruhiro , Abad Mary Raina Angeli , Rodriguez de Santiago Enrique , Nishikawa Yohei , Sakaguchi Takuki , Toshimori Akiko , Shimamura Yuto , Tanabe Mayo , Sumi Kazuya , Kimura Ryusuke , Izawa Shinya , Ikeda Haruo , Onimaru Manabu 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesPer‐oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a safe and effective treatment for achalasia and esophageal motility disorders. The role of second‐look endoscopy (SE) on postoperative day 1 has not been examined. This study aimed to evaluate the findings and need of SE after POEM.MethodsThis is a single‐center, retrospective study. All consecutive patients who underwent POEM and SE on postoperative day 1 between December 2017 and September 2019 were included. The primary endpoint was the rate of newly‐detected adverse events (nAE) during SE that required endoscopic intervention or deviation from the normal postoperative course. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of nAE.ResultsFour‐hundred‐ninety‐seven patients (mean age, 50.3 years; female, 49.9%) were included. SE identified abnormal findings in a total of 71 patients (14.3%). nAE which required endoscopic intervention or deviation from the normal postoperative course were identified in 12 patients (2.4%): eight (1.6%) entry site dehiscence; two (0.4%) submucosal hemorrhage or hematoma; and two (0.4%) dehiscence of an intraoperative perforation site after endoclip closure. Other findings such as mucosal thermal damage without perforation and small submucosal hematoma were found in 54 patients (10.9%) and five patients (1.0%), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that longer operation time and intraoperative adverse events (AE) were associated with clinically significant nAE during SE.ConclusionsSecond‐look endoscopy can detect and treat nAE that may lead to severe AE. Thus, SE should be highly considered before starting oral ingestion in all cases, and especially in those who present an intraoperative AE and longer operation time.
Reading and Teaching Literature as Writing
Authors: Ekholm Christer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChrister Ekholm's point of departure in this article is Gert J. J. Biesta's call for a new pedagogical attitude that takes a stand against the current trend in education. At present, the dominant approach is to make what we do in school into something wholly predictable, measurable, and assessable, which (as Biesta argues) misses important aspects of what education actually is or should be. One such aspect has to do with “subjectification,” that is, events where someone makes an appeal to me, singles me out in my uniqueness, and makes me ethically responsible to the other one before me. What role can literary education play in facilitating such events? What kind of reading strategies should be promoted with the aim of such an ambition? On the basis of a critical analysis of the discursive construction of an opposition between reading as engagement and reading as distance, Ekholm argues that the answer to these questions is to be found in an alternative literature didactics, where the work of fiction is understood not as text, but as utterance; not as something written, but as writing; perhaps even, not in terms of object(ification), but of subject(ification)?
Intraductal carcinoma has a minimal impact on Grade Group assignment in prostate cancer biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens
Authors: Rijstenberg L. Lucia , Hansum Tim , Hollemans Eva , Kweldam Charlotte F , Kümmerlin Intan P , Bangma Chris H , van der Kwast Theodorus H , Roobol Monique J , van Leenders Geert J L H 
Published: June 2020

AimsIntraductal carcinoma (IDC) is an adverse histopathological parameter for prostate cancer outcome, but is not incorporated in current tumour grading. To account for its dismal prognosis and to omit basal cell immunohistochemistry, it has been proposed to grade IDC on the basis of its underlying architectural pattern. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of IDC grade assignment on prostate cancer biopsy and radical prostatectomy tumour grading.Methods and resultsA cohort of 1031 prostate cancer biopsies and 835 radical prostatectomies were assigned a Grade Group according to the 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology guidelines, without incorporation of IDC in grading. Tumour grading was compared with a Grade Group in which IDC was graded on the basis of its underlying architecture. Of 1031 biopsies, 139 (13.5%) showed IDC. Grade assignment of IDC led to a Grade Group change in 17 (1.6%) cases: four of 486 (0.8%) Grade Group 1 cases were reclassified as Grade Group 2, nine of 375 (2.4%) Grade Group 2 cases were reclassified as Grade Group 3, and four of 58 (6.9%) Grade Group 4 cases were reclassified as Grade Group 5. IDC was observed in 213 of 835 (25.5%) radical prostatectomies, and its grading led to a change in tumour grade in five of 835 (0.6%) patients, with upgrading in two of 207 (1.0%) patients with Grade Group 1 cancer, in two of 420 (0.5%) patients with Grade Group 2 cancer, and in one of 50 (2%) patients with Grade Group 4 cancer.ConclusionIDC grade assignment led to a Grade Group change in 1.6% of prostate biopsy specimens and in 0.6% of radical prostatectomy specimens. Although the inclusion of IDC in or the exclusion of IDC from the Grade Group might affect decision‐making in individual patients, it has a minimal impact on overall prostate cancer management.
Ethnicity, socioeconomic status and the nutritional status of Chinese children and adolescents: Findings from three consecutive national surveys between 2005 and 2014
Authors: Dong Yanhui , Ma Yinghua , Hu Peijin , Dong Bin , Zou Zhiyong , Yang Yide , Xu Rongbin , Wang Zhenghe , Yang Zhaogeng , Wen Bo , Tan Monique , He Feng J. , Song Yi , Ma Jun , Sawyer Susan M. , Patton George C. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundEconomic development has brought rapid shifts in the food environment of Chinese children and adolescents.ObjectivesTo assess the changes in childhood nutritional status across ethnic groups and economic status from 2005 to 2014.Methods664 094 Chinese Han and 224 151 ethnic minority children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years were assessed in three national cross‐sectional surveys (2005, 2010 and 2014). Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of each ethnic group was categorized into four strata of socioeconomic status. To assess ethnic disparities at each time point, we used logistic regression to estimate the prevalence odds ratios (OR) for thinness, overweight and obesity in the 24 ethnic minority groups vs Han Chinese.ResultsChildren in the two upper economic strata (over about US$4000 GDP per capita) had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, while those in the two lower economic strata (below US$4000 GDP per capita) had a high prevalence of thinness. From 2005 to 2014, the prevalence of thinness decreased from 18.6% to 13.1% in Han children, and from 20.4% to 17.1% in ethnic minority students. At the same time, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 10.4% to 17.7% in Han children, and from 4.3% to 9.2% in ethnic minority students, respectively.ConclusionsA rapid nutritional transition has occurred from 2005 to 2014 with shifts from thinness to overweight and obesity in both Han and ethnic minority children and adolescents, reflecting local GDP per capita.
No fever, no worries? A retrospective audit of bacteraemic patients in the emergency department
Authors: Chiodo‐Reidy Jessica , Loftus Michael J. , Holmes Natasha E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly identification and treatment of serious infections improve clinical outcomes. Previous studies have found that septic patients without fever are more likely to die than those with fever, due to delay in antibiotic administration.AimTo determine whether antibiotic treatment and mortality differed in afebrile adult patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with bacteraemia, compared with those with a history of fever.MethodsRetrospective 6‐month audit of all adult patients with positive blood cultures taken in the ED of a single tertiary hospital. Outcomes included the receipt of antibiotics within 4 and 24 h of ED arrival, in‐hospital mortality and 30‐day mortality.ResultsA total of 227 patients with clinically significant bacteraemia was identified, of which 38 (16.7%) were afebrile in the ED. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of afebrile or febrile patients receiving antibiotics within 4 h (44.7% vs 55.6%, P = 0.222) or 24 h (89.5% vs 95.2%, P = 0.163) of arrival at the ED. Inpatient mortality was not statistically different in the afebrile and febrile groups 15.8% vs 6.9%, P = 0.070), but 30‐day mortality was higher among afebrile patients (27.6% vs 10.1%, P = 0.010).ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in receipt of antibiotics within 4 h or 24 h ED arrival between the febrile and afebrile groups. However, afebrile patients experienced higher 30‐day mortality. While most bacteraemic patients received antibiotics within 24 h, only half received antibiotics within 4 h, representing a key area for improvement.
Poverty Status Moderates the Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Academic Achievement
Authors: Pate Russell R. , Clennin Morgan , Shull Emily R. , Reed Julian A. , Dowda Marsha 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe purpose of the study was to examine the associations among cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), weight status and academic achievement in youth, and to determine if these relationships are moderated by poverty status.METHODSThe sample included 5th (N = 27,791) and 8th grade (N = 16,047) South Carolina students. Academic achievement was assessed using a state‐wide assessment and classified into 2 categories (ie, does not meet/approaches standards vs meets/exceeds standards). CRF was assessed and expressed as Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) or Needs Improvement/Needs‐Improvement‐Health Risk. Students' demographics and poverty status were reported. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between CRF, weight status and academic achievement. Interaction terms were introduced into the final models. Analyses were performed separately by grade level and academic subject.RESULTSThe CRF was significantly associated with the odds of meeting/exceeding academic standards after controlling for covariates and adjusting for weight status. The relationship between CRF and academic achievement varied significantly by poverty status. After adjustment for CRF, weight status was not significantly associated with academic achievement.CONCLUSIONSThe odds of achieving academic standards were significantly higher among students achieving CRF HFZ regardless of poverty status. CRF may partially mitigate the adverse effect of poverty on academic achievement.
Breast is Best, but Where? Hostile Sexism Underlies Men's Opposition to Breastfeeding in Public
Authors: Huang Yanshu , Sibley Chris G. , Osborne Danny 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBreastfeeding in public remains controversial in many Western nations. Prior work reveals that restrictive gender role attitudes and hostility toward women's empowerment contribute to the policing of women's bodies, especially when it comes to breastfeeding in public. Using a national sample of New Zealand adults (N = 16,789), we investigated the relationships of hostile and benevolent sexism with attitudes toward breastfeeding in public, as well as the potential moderating effects of gender. Results revealed that, although benevolent sexism only positively correlated with opposition to public breastfeeding for women, hostile sexism correlated positively with opposition to public breastfeeding among both women and men. These results suggest that opposition to breastfeeding in public is primarily rooted in hostile attitudes toward women who are perceived as violating traditional gender roles. Accordingly, social and health policies including information campaigns that reduce hostilely sexist stigmas of breastfeeding in public could help promote women's breastfeeding autonomy.