bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent IoT Systems for Civil Infrastructure Monitoring: A Research Roadmap
Authors: Bertino Elisa , Jahanshahi Mohammad , Singla Ankush , Wu Rih-Teng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper address the problem of efficient and effective data collection and analytics for applications such as civil infrastructure monitoring and emergency management. Such problem requires the development of techniques by which data acquisition devices, such as IoT devices, can: (a) perform local analysis of collected data; and (b) based on the results of such analysis, autonomously decide further data acquisition. The ability to perform local analysis is critical in order to reduce the transmission costs and latency as the results of an analysis are usually smaller in size than the original data. As an example, in case of strict real-time requirements, the analysis results can be transmitted in real-time, whereas the actual collected data can be uploaded later on. The ability to autonomously decide about further data acquisition enhances scalability and reduces the need of real-time human involvement in data acquisition processes, especially in contexts with critical real-time requirements. The paper focuses on deep neural networks and discusses techniques for supporting transfer learning and pruning, so to reduce the times for training the networks and the size of the networks for deployment at IoT devices. We also discusses approaches based on machine learning reinforcement techniques enhancing the autonomy of IoT devices
Temporal patterns of suicide and circulatory system disease-related mortality are inversely correlated in several countries
Authors: Kaufman Marc , Fitzmaurice Garrett 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Nearly 800,000 suicides occur worldwide annually and suicide rates are increasing faster than population growth. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of suicide remains poorly understood, which has hindered suicide prevention efforts. However, mechanistic clues may be found by studying effects of seasonality on suicide and other mortality causes. Suicides tend to peak in spring-summer periods and nadir in fall-winter periods while circulatory system disease-related mortality tends to exhibit the opposite temporal trends. This study aimed to determine for the first time whether monthly temporal cross-correlations exist between suicide and circulatory system disease-related mortality at the population level. If so and if common biological factors moderate risks for both mortality types, such factors may be discoverable and utilized to improve suicide prevention.Methods We conducted time series analyses of monthly mortality data from northern (England and Wales, South Korea, United States) and southern (Australia, Brazil) hemisphere countries during the period 2009-2018 (N=41.8 million all-cause mortality cases). We used a Poisson regression variant of the standard cosinor model to determine cross-correlations between monthly mortality rates from suicide and from circulatory system diseases.Results Suicide and circulatory disease-related mortality temporal patterns were negatively correlated in Australia (-0.32), Brazil (-0.57), South Korea (-0.32), and in the United States (-0.66), but no temporal correlation was discernable in England and Wales.Conclusions The negative temporal cross-correlations between these mortality types we found in 4 of 5 countries studied suggest that seasonal factors broadly and inversely moderate risks for circulatory disease-related mortality and suicide. Since the seasonal factors of temperature and light exert opposite effects on suicide and circulatory disease-related mortality in several countries, we propose that physiologically-adaptive circulatory system responses to heat and light may increase risk for suicide and should be studied to determine whether they affect suicide risk. For example, heat and light increase production and release of the bioactive gas nitric oxide and reduce circulatory system disease by relaxing blood vessel tone, while elevated nitric oxide levels are associated with suicidal behavior, inverse effects that parallel the inverse temporal mortality patterns we detected.
Broad respiratory testing to identify SARS-CoV-2 viral co-circulation and inform diagnostic stewardship in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Marshall Natalie C. , Kariyawasam Ruwandi M. , Zelyas Nathan , Diggle Mathew A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection can present with a broad clinical differential that includes many other respiratory viruses; therefore, accurate tests are crucial to distinguish true COVID-19 cases from pathogens that do not require urgent public health interventions. Co-circulation of other respiratory viruses is largely unknown during the COVID-19 pandemic but would inform strategies to rapidly and accurately test patients with respiratory symptoms.Methods: This study retrospectively examined 298,415 respiratory specimens collected from symptomatic patients for SARS-CoV-2 testing in the three months since COVID-19 was initially documented in the province of Alberta, Canada. By focusing on 52,285 specimens that were also tested with the Luminex Respiratory Pathogen Panel for 17 other pathogens, this study examines the prevalence of 18 potentially co-circulating pathogens and their relative rates in prior years versus since COVID-19 emerged, including four endemic coronaviruses. Results: SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 2.2% of specimens. Parallel broad multiplex testing detected additional pathogens in only 3.4% of these specimens: significantly less than in SARS-CoV-2-negative specimens (p < 0.0001), suggesting very low rates of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. Furthermore, the overall co-infection rate was significantly lower among specimens with SARS-CoV-2 detected (p < 0.0001). Finally, less than 0.005% of all specimens tested positive for both SARS-CoV-2 and any of the four endemic coronaviruses tested, strongly suggesting neither co-infection nor cross-reactivity between these coronaviruses. Conclusions: Broad respiratory pathogen testing rarely detected additional pathogens in SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens. While helpful to understand co-circulation of respiratory viruses causing similar symptoms as COVID-19, ultimately these broad tests were resource-intensive and inflexible in a time when clinical laboratories face unprecedented demand for respiratory virus testing, with further increases expected during influenza season. A transition from broad, multiplex tests toward streamlined diagnostic algorithms targeting respiratory pathogens of public health concern could simultaneously reduce the overall burden on clinical laboratories while prioritizing testing of pathogens of public health importance. This is particularly valuable with ongoing strains on testing resources, exacerbated during influenza seasons.
The Research and Analysis of Bring Perigastric Tumor Deposits into The Staging of Primary Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Wang Zhaoyang , Xie Tianyu , Li Shuo , Wu Di , Guo Xin , Wang Yong , Chen Lin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The current significance of perigastric tumor deposits (TDs) in gastric cancer (GC) for indicating prognosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of perigastric TDs and a new TNM staging involving TDs for GC.Methods: The pathological data of 6672 patients with GC who underwent gastrectomy or operation of gastric cancer with other diseases between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2017 at Chinese PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into tumor deposits positive (TD+) group and tumor deposits negative (TD-) group. The differences between TD+ and TD- were analyzed by binary Logistic regression model. To draw survival curves, we used Kaplan-Meier methods. Multivariate Cox regression model and Log-rank test was used to analyze the data.Results: Perigastric TDs were found to be positive in 339 (5.09%) of the 6672 patients with GC of which 237 were males (69.91%) and 102 females (30.09%) (2.32:1). The median age was 59 years (ranging from 27 to 78 years). No significant differences were detected between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis both indicated that GC patients with positive TDs had poorer prognosis than those with negative TDs (p<0.05). The 1-, 3-and 5-year overall survival rates of GC patients with TDs were 68.3%, 19.6%, and 11.2%, respectively, and were significantly poorer than those of the staged matched control group. There was statistical significance between the location of TDs and patient survival in patients with gastric cancer (p＜0.05). A new TNM staging was formulated according to the TDs location. When TDs appear on the gastric body, the original T1, T2, T3 stages change to T4a, and T4a, T4b change to T4b; when TDs appear in the lesser curvature, the previous N0, N1, N2, N3 stage change to N3; when the TDs located in the greater curvature or the distant tissue, the patient should be categorized as M1. After using the new stage, the survival curve of patients with TDs was closer to that of patients without TDs in each pTNM staging.Conclusion: 1. Tumor deposits is a bad prognostic factor in patients with primary gastric cancer. 2. The location of tumor deposits is associated with the prognosis of patients with primary gastric cancer. 3. The new stage is more suitable for patients with tumor deposits of gastric cancer.
Covid-19 only with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms: case report of a 14-year-old patient&nbsp;
Authors: Goshayeshi Ladan , Milani Nasrin , Bergqueist Robert , Sadrzadeh Sayyed Majid , Rajabzadeh Farnood , Hoseini Benyamin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is expanding worldwide. Although it seems to be a purely respiratory disease, occasional reports of lesions in other organs have been published. We report here an asymptomatic child Covid-19 patient with the main symptom of abdominal pain distension and without any respiratory symptoms. A 14-year-old male patient with main complaints of fever, malaise, anorexia, and severe abdominal pain was admitted to a hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Laparotomy revealed distension of the small intestine and an adhesive ileo-caecal band that had produced ileum herniation without free fluid in the abdomen. Chest X-ray and high-resolution computed tomography of the lungs showed bilateral, diffuse, peripheral dense areas of ground-glass appearance. A nasopharyngeal swab for Covid-19 diagnosis, ordered due to lymphopenia together with these diffuse lung infiltrations, showed a positive result. This led to drug treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, ribavirin/oseltamivir and meropenem. The patient was febrile and developed tachycardia on the third day accompanied with a respiratory rate of 44/min. At this point, tracheal intubation was done but the patient died after 3 hours due to cardiac arrest. The case report brings forth the hypothesis that the gastrointestinal manifestation may be untypical symptoms of Covid-19 infection, and highlights the importance for the diagnosis to be based on combined laboratory-based data and scanning imagery.
Impact of homologous recombination on core genome phylogenies
Authors: Stott Caroline Marie , Bobay Louis-Marie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Core genome phylogenies are widely used to build the evolutionary history of individual prokaryote species. By using hundreds or thousands of shared genes, these approaches are the gold standard to reconstruct the relationships of large sets of strains. However, there is growing evidence that bacterial strains exchange DNA through homologous recombination at rates that vary widely across prokaryote species, indicating that core genome phylogenies might not be able to reconstruct true phylogenies when recombination rate is high. Few attempts have been made to evaluate the robustness of core genome phylogenies to recombination, but some analyses suggest that reconstructed trees are not always accurate.Results. In this study, we tested the robustness of core genome phylogenies to various levels of recombination rates. By analyzing simulated and empirical data, we observed that core genome phylogenies are relatively robust to recombination rates; nevertheless, our results suggest that many reconstructed trees are not completely accurate even when bootstrap supports are high. We found that some core genome phylogenies are highly robust to recombination whereas others are strongly impacted by it, and we identified that the robustness of core genome phylogenies to recombination is highly linked to the levels of selective pressures acting on a species. Stronger selective pressures lead to less accurate tree reconstructions, presumably because selective pressures more strongly bias the routes of DNA transfers, thereby causing phylogenetic artifacts. Conclusions. Overall, these results have important implications for the application of core genome phylogenies in prokaryotes.
Bilateral Posterior Quadratus Lumborum Block for Pain Relief after Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pangthipampai Pawinee , Dejarkom Sukanya , Poolsuppasit Suppachai , Luansritisakul Choopong Luansritisakul , Tangchittam Suwida 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Achieving optimal analgesia with few side effects is the goal of pain management after cesarean delivery. Intrathecal (IT) morphine is the current standard but ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) may offer superior pain control with fewer side effects. This study compared the pain-free period after cesarean delivery among parturients who received spinal block with IT morphine, with IT morphine and bilateral QLB, or only bilateral QLB. Methods: Parturients having elective cesarean delivery under spinal block were randomized and allocated into IT morphine 0.2 mg with sham QLB (Group IT), IT morphine 0.2 mg and bilateral QLB with 0.25% bupivacaine 25 ml in each side (Group IT+QLB), or bilateral QLB with 0.25% bupivacaine 25 ml in each side (Group QLB). A PCA pump was connected after completion of the QLB or sham block. The first time to PCA morphine requirement was recorded and compared. Results: Eighty parturients were included. Analysis of Group QLB was terminated early because at the second interim analysis, median pain-free period is significantly shorter in Group QLB [hours (95%CI): 2.50 (1.04-3.96) in Group IT vs. 7.75 (5.67-9.83) in IT+QLB vs. 1.75 (0.75-2.75) in QLB (p<0.001)]. The median (min, max) amount of morphine required during 24 hours was 5.5 (0-25) in Group IT vs. 5.0 (0-36) in IT+QLB vs. 17.5 (1-40) mg in Group QLB (p<0.001). In the final analysis the median pain-free period was 2.50 (1.23-3.77) hours (95%CI) in Group IT (n=27) vs. 8.02 (5.96-10.07) in IT+QLB (n=28). (p=0.027). Conclusion: US-QLB used in conjunction with IT morphine yielded a statistically significant longer median pain-free period compared with standard IT morphine alone. However, QLB alone provided inferior pain control compared with standard IT morphine. When combined with IT morphine, QLB can provide additional analgesic benefit as a part of multimodal analgesic regimen, especially during the early postoperative period.
Confocal laser endomicroscopy under propofol-based sedation for early gastric cancer and pre-cancerous lesions is associated with better diagnostic accuracy: a retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Chu Lihua , Zhao Jialian , Sheng Cheng , Yue Min , Wang Feifei , Song Shengwen , Fang Xiangming , Cheng Baoli , Xie Guohao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) has advantages in detecting gastric neoplastic lesions, meanwhile it requires strict patient cooperation. Sedation could improve patient cooperation and quality of endoscopy. However, sedation is still not very popular in some resource-limited countries and regions. The purpose of this study was to compare propofol-based sedated versus un-sedated CLE in the value of diagnosing early gastric cancer (EGC) and precancerous lesions.Methods: A retrospective, cohort, single center study of 226 patients who underwent CLE between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017 was performed.Patients enrolled were allocated into the propofol-based sedated group (n=126) and the un-sedated group (n=100). The comparison of validity and reliability of CLE for identifying EGC and precancerous lesions between the two groups was performed through analyzing CLE diagnosis and pathological diagnosis. Reporting followed the STROBE guidelines.Results: The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of diagnosing EGC in the sedated group was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95 to 0.99), which was higher than that in the un-sedated group (0.88 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.97), P =0.0407). CLE with sedation performed better than without sedation in diagnosing intraepithelial neoplasia and intestinal metaplasia (P =0.0008 and P =0.0084, respectively). For patients considered as high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or EGC by endoscopists, they would not get biopsy during CLE but receive endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) subsequently, and the misdiagnosis rate of CLE was 0% in the sedated group and 27.59% in the un-sedated group (P =0.006).Conclusion: Propofol based sedation was associated with improved diagnostic value of CLE for detecting EGC as well as precancerous lesions.
Broad-range and Effective Detection of Human Noroviruses by Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Assay Based on the Shell Domain of the Major Capsid Protein
Authors: Xu Meng , Lu Feifeng , Wu Qingping , Zhang Jumei , Tian Peng , Xue Liang , Lyu Chenang , Xu Ting , Wang Dapeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a major cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in all ages worldwide. As the replication of HuNoVs in vitro is immature, the detection of HuNoVs is depended on molecular assays such as RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. However, these molecular-based techniques require special equipment, unique reagents, experienced operators to perform, and extended time to get results. In addition, the diversity of viral genotypes is high. Therefore, a method for rapidly, broad-range, and effective detectionf of HuNoVs was desiderated for screening the excrement or vomit from infected people when outbreaks occur.Results: In this study, a colloidal-gold-based immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was developed for highly effective detection of HuNoVs in clinical samples. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the shell (S) domain in the major capsid protein of HuNoVs were used in the ICA. The limitations of detection for HuNoVs in clinical samples were 1.2×106 genomic copies per gram of stool sample (gc/g) and 4.4×105 gc/g for genogroup I and II (GI and GII) HuNoVs, respectively. A total of 122 clinical samples were tested for HuNoVs by ICA and compared against that by RT-qPCR. The relative sensitivity, specificity and agreement of the ICA was 84.2 % (95% CI: 83.6-84.8 %), 100.0 % (95 % CI: 98.5-100.0 %) and 87.7 % (95% CI: 85.6-89.8 %), respectively. No cross-reaction with other common enteric viruses or bacteria was observed. The ICA could detect a broad range of genotypes, including GI.1, GI.3, GI.4, GI.6, GI.14, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.13, and GII.17 HuNoVs.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that ICA targeting the S domain of VP1 is a promising candidate for effectively improve identifying different genotypes of HuNoVs in clinical samples with high sensitivity and specificity.
Elective surgical case cancellation and root causes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yohanes Yeneabat Birhanu , Sinshaw Aklilu Endalamaw , Ayisa Aynalem Adu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancellation of elective surgical operation recognized as a major cause of emotional trauma to patients as well as their families. In Ethiopia, prevalence and root causes for elective surgical case cancellation varies from time to time in different settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to find the pooled prevalence and root causes for elective surgical case cancellation in Ethiopia.Methods: The databases for the search were Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar by the date from 01/07/2020 to 02/08/2020. To assess publication bias Egger's regression analysis was applied. The pooled estimation was estimated using random-effects model meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was also done based on the root causes of surgical case cancellation.Results: This meta-analysis included a total of 5 studies with 5591 study participants. The pooled prevalence of elective surgical case cancellation was 21.41% (95% CI: 12.75 to 30.06%).Administration-related reason (34.50%) was the most common identified root cause, followed by surgeon (25.29%), medical (13.90%), and patient-related reasons (13.34%).Conclusions: The prevalence of elective surgical case cancellation was considerable. The most common root cause for elective surgical case cancellation was administration-related reasons, followed by the surgeon, medical and patient-related reasons. The causes for the surgical cancellations are potentially preventable. Thus, efforts should be made to prevent unnecessary cancellations through careful planning.
Occupational lifting and risk of hypertension, stratified by use of anti-hypertensives and age - a cross-sectional and prospective cohort study
Authors: Korshøj Mette , Hannerz Harald , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Marott Jacob Louis , Schnohr Peter , Clays Els , Holtermann Andreas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHeavy occupational lifting is prevalent in the general working population and is sparsely reported to associate with hypertension, especially among older and hypertensive workers. We investigated if heavy occupational lifting is associated with hypertension and blood pressure (BP) in both cross-sectional and prospective study designs in the Copenhagen General Population Study, stratified by age, and use of anti-hypertensives.Methods Participation was conducted following the declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethical committee (H-KF-01-144/01).BY multivariable logistic and linear regression models we investigated the association between heavy occupational lifting and hypertension in a cross-sectional design (n=67,363, using anti-hypertensives or BP ≥140/≥90 mmHg as outcome) and in a prospective design (n=7,020), with an above-median change in systolic BP (SBP) from baseline to follow-up and/or a shift from no use to use of anti-hypertensives as outcome), with and without stratification by age and use of anti-hypertensives.ResultsThe odds ratio for hypertension was estimated at 0.97 (99% CI: 0.93 – 1.00) in the cross-sectional analysis, and at 1.08 (99% CI: 0.98 – 1.19) in the prospective analysis. The difference in SBP among workers with versus without heavy occupational lifting was estimated at -0.29 mmHg (99% CI -0.82 – 0.25) in the cross-sectional and at 1.02 mmHg (99% CI -0.41 – 2.45) in the prospective analysis. No significant interaction between heavy occupational lifting and age, nor the use of anti-hypertensives were shown. ConclusionsOnly the prospective analysis indicated heavy occupational lifting to increase the risk of hypertension. Further research on the association between occupational lifting and hypertension is needed.