bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photometric Analyses of Saturn’s Small Moons: Aegaeon, Methone, and Pallene Are Dark; Helene and Calypso Are Bright
Authors: Hedman M. M. , Helfenstein P. , Chancia R. O. , Thomas P. , Roussos E. , Paranicas C. , Verbiscer A. J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We examine the surface brightnesses of Saturn’s smaller satellites using a photometric model that explicitly accounts for their elongated shapes and thus facilitates comparisons among different moons. Analyses of Cassini imaging data with this model reveal that the moons Aegaeon, Methone, and Pallene are darker than one would expect given trends previously observed among the nearby mid-sized satellites. On the other hand, the trojan moons Calypso and Helene have substantially brighter surfaces than their co-orbital companions Tethys and Dione. These observations are inconsistent with the moons’ surface brightnesses being entirely controlled by the local flux of E-ring particles, and therefore strongly imply that other phenomena are affecting their surface properties. The darkness of Aegaeon, Methone, and Pallene is correlated with the fluxes of high-energy protons, implying that high-energy radiation is responsible for darkening these small moons. Meanwhile, Prometheus and Pandora appear to be brightened by their interactions with the nearby dusty F ring, implying that enhanced dust fluxes are most likely responsible for Calypso’s and Helene’s excess brightness. However, there are no obvious structures in the E ring that would preferentially brighten these two moons, so there must either be something subtle in the E-ring particles’ orbital properties that leads to asymmetries in the relevant fluxes, or something happened recently to temporarily increase these moons’ brightnesses.
Slip-back Mapping as a Tracker of Topological Changes in Evolving Magnetic Configurations
Authors: Lionello R. , Titov V. S. , Mikić Z. , Linker J. A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The topology of the coronal magnetic field has a strong impact on the properties of the solar corona and presumably on the origin of the slow solar wind. To advance our understanding of this impact, we revisit the concept of so-called slip-back mapping and adapt it to determine open, closed, and disconnected flux systems that are formed in the solar corona by magnetic reconnection during a given time interval. In particular, the method we developed allows us to describe magnetic flux transfer between open and closed flux regions via so-called interchange reconnection with an unprecedented level of detail. We illustrate the application of this method to the analysis of the global MHD evolution of the solar corona driven by idealized differential rotation of the photospheric plasma.
Stellar Metallicities from SkyMapper Photometry I: A Study of the Tucana II Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy
Authors: Chiti Anirudh , Frebel Anna , Jerjen Helmut , Kim Dongwon , Norris John E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present a study of the ultra-faint Milky Way dwarf satellite galaxy Tucana II using deep photometry from the 1.3 m SkyMapper telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, Australia. The SkyMapper filter set contains a metallicity-sensitive intermediate-band v filter covering the prominent Ca ii K feature at 3933.7 Å. When combined with photometry from the SkyMapper u, g, and i filters, we demonstrate that v-band photometry can be used to obtain stellar metallicities with a precision of ∼0.20 dex when [Fe/H] > −2.5, and ∼0.34 dex when [Fe/H] < −2.5. Since the u and v filters bracket the Balmer Jump at 3646 Å, we also find that the filter set can be used to derive surface gravities. We thus derive photometric metallicities and surface gravities for all stars down to a magnitude of g ∼ 20 within ∼75′ of Tucana II. Photometric metallicity and surface gravity cuts remove nearly all foreground contamination. By incorporating Gaia proper motions, we derive quantitative membership probabilities that recover all known members of the red giant branch of Tucana II. Additionally, we identify multiple likely new members in the center of the system, as well as candidate members several half-light radii from the center of the system. Finally, we present a metallicity distribution function derived from the photometric metallicities of likely Tucana II members. This result demonstrates the utility of wide-field imaging with the SkyMapper filter set in studying ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, and in general, low surface brightness populations of metal-poor stars. Upcoming work will clarify the membership status of several distant stars identified as candidate members of Tucana II.
Inviting Teaching Behaviors of Clinical Faculty and Nursing Students' Anxiety
Authors: Cook Linda J. 
Published: February 2020

This study explored baccalaureate nursing students' perceptions of inviting teaching behaviors of clinical nursing faculty and students' state anxiety while interacting with faculty during clinical experiences. A total of 229 junior and senior generic baccalaureate nursing students comprised the sample. Participants completed three questionnaires: a demographic data questionnaire, the Clinical Teaching Survey, and a Self-Evaluation Questionnaire, designed to measure state anxiety.
Results indicated there were moderate negative correlations between students' perceptions of the personally and professionally inviting teaching behaviors of clinical faculty and students' self-reports of state anxiety. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that perceptions of personally inviting teaching behaviors explained 41% of the variance in students' state anxiety. Junior students rated faculty higher on personally and professionally inviting teaching behaviors than did senior students. However, both groups of students scored similarly on self-reports of state anxiety while interacting with clinical faculty. Findings indicate that clinical faculty should be intentionally aware of how their teaching behaviors are perceived by students and influence student anxiety during clinical experiences.
La literatura de masas como artefacto cultural en la era postfeminista
Authors: Ramos Cambero María del Mar 
Published: February 2020

El artículo analiza la visión de la mujer en novelas de gran éxito en el panorama nacional e internacional de los últimos años. Partiendo del método analítico del circuito de la cultura (Paul du Gay et al., 1997), exploramos los distintos agentes del proceso editorial, así como las tendencias literarias con más filón en la actualidad; deteniéndonos en el modelo de identidad femenina que reflejan las protagonistas de obras como Millennium (Stieg Larsson), Cincuenta sombras de Grey (E. L. James) o Crepúsculo (Stephenie Meyer). Nuestro principal objetivo es revisar las principales alternativas que se están aportando al respecto. Los resultados evidencian ciertos avances, sobre todo en la novela de fantasía; sin embargo, la creación de heroínas continúa estando supeditada al amor romántico.
La política educativa como negocio: Ajuste presupuestario, discurso meritocrático y el “davos” de la educación en Argentina (2015-2019)
Authors: Miranda Estela Maria 
Published: February 2020

El propósito de esta ponencia es identificar algunos “indicadores del imaginario neoliberal” (BALL, 2011) en las políticas educativas implementadas en la gestión de la Alianza Cambiemos, a partir de diciembre de 2015, analizando los avances en la privatización de la educación mediante el rediseño de las relaciones entre sector público/privado a través de una variedad de asociaciones públicas y privadas (BALL; YOUDELL, 2007; RIZVI; LINGARD, 2013). En ese marco el discurso de la meritocracia construye un sentido común que sirven como justificación para la introducción de herramientas de la Nueva Gestión Pública (NGP) en las políticas del gobierno de Cambiemos. Posteriormente, se caracteriza el papel de una variedad de nuevos (y otros no tan nuevos) “participantes híbridos” que intervienen crecientemente en el diseño y ejecución de las políticas educativas. Sobre resultados de investigaciones en curso se toman como referencia casos o situaciones para ilustrar los análisis y luego trazar un balance provisorio.
Factor Path of Constraints to Adaptive Capacity on Climate Change among IFAD-VCDP Farmers in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Sallawu H. , Nmadu J. N. , Coker A. A. A. , Mohammed U. S. 
Published: February 2020

Aim: Adaptive capacity is the ability of the farmer to adjust his farm plans and programmes in the face of emerging risks, constraints and currently available information. In this study, the various constraints faced by International Fund for Agricultural Development-Value Chain Development Programme’s farmers (IFAD-VCDP) in North Central Nigeria in adapting to climate change challenges were investigated.
Study Design: A multi-stage sampling technique was employed in the selection of respondents.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Benue and Niger States of Nigeria in 2018.
Methodology: Data were collected from a total of 483 respondents using interview schedule and questionnaire. The data were analysed using exploratory (principal component analysis) and confirmatory (structural equation modelling) factor analysis.
Results: The results of the analysis revealed the significant constraints the farmers faced in order to improve their adaptive capacity to climate change which were institutional and technical (49.45%) and climate information (26.62%) constraints, although the factors differ slightly within the two states under study. In Benue State, institutional (31.26%), personal (14.63%), land and farm inputs (12.54%) and population (11.73%) while in Niger State, public and institutional (22.34%), land and farm inputs (14.78%), and personal (10.75) were the constraints to adaptive capacity.
Conclusion: These constraints make it harder to plan and implement adaptation actions by restricting the variety and effectiveness of options available to the farmers to improve their productivity and cope with the vagaries of climate change. It was therefore recommended that government and NGOs should intensify efforts on public, institutional, educational and climate policies, assist in increasing the adaptive capacity of the farmers in order to employ more adaptation measures, land governance systems should be strengthened in Nigeria to provide tenure security for all, financial institutions should help facilitate access to credit by farmers and assist in making reliable climate information accessible to all farmers.
A Size‐Changeable Collagenase‐Modified Nanoscavenger for Increasing Penetration and Retention of Nanomedicine in Deep Tumor Tissue
Authors: Xu Funeng , Huang Xuehui , Wang Yi , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe complex tumor microenvironment constitutes a variety of barriers to prevent nanoparticles (NPs) delivery and results in extremely low accumulation of nanomedicines in solid tumors. Here, a newly developed size‐changeable collagenase‐modified polymer micelle is employed to enhance the penetration and retention of nanomedicine in deep tumor tissue. The TCPPB micelle is first formed by self‐assembly of maleimide‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(β‐amino ester) (MAL‐PEG‐PBAE) and succinic anhydride‐modified cisplatin‐conjugated poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐triphenylphosphonium (CDDP‐PCL‐PEO‐TPP). Next, Col‐TCPPB NPs are prepared through a “click” chemical combination of thiolated collagenase and maleimide groups on TCPPB micelle. Finally, biocompatible chondroitin sulfate (CS) is coated to obtain CS/Col‐TCPPB NPs for avoiding collagenase inactivation in blood circulation. In tumor acidic microenvironment, the hydrophobic PBAE segments of the resultant micelles become hydrophilic, leading to a dissociation and subsequent dissolution of partial collagenase‐containing components (Col‐PEG‐PBAE) from NPs. The dissolved Col‐PEG‐PBAE promotes the digestion of collagen fibers in tumor tissue like a scavenger, which enhances the NPs penetration. Simultaneously, the increased hydrophilicity of residual Col‐PEG‐PBAE in the micellar matrix causes an expansion of the NPs, resulting in an enhanced intratumoral retention. In tumor cells, the NPs target to release the cisplatin drugs into mitochondria, achieving an excellent anticancer efficacy.
Nested Inverse Opal Perovskite toward Superior Flexible and Self‐Powered Photodetection Performance
Authors: Tian Wei , Min Liangliang , Cao Fengren , Li Liang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlexible and self‐powered perovskite photodetectors have attracted tremendous research interests due to their applications in wearable and portable devices. However, the conventional planar structured photodetectors are always accompanied with limited device performance and undesired mechanical stability. Herein, a nested inverse opal (NIO) structured perovskite photodetector via a facile template‐assisted spin‐coating method is reported. The coupling effect of enhanced light capture, increased carrier transport, and improved perovskite film quality enables NIO device to exhibit superior photoresponse performance. The NIO photodetector exhibits a high responsivity of 473 mA W−1 and detectivity up to 1.35 × 1013 Jones at 720 nm without external bias. The NIO structure can efficiently release mechanical stress during the bending process and the photocurrent has no degradation even after 500 cycles of bending. Moreover, the unencapsulated NIO device can operate for over 16 d under ambient conditions, presenting a significantly enhanced environmental stability compared to the planar device. This work demonstrates that deliberate structural design is an effective avenue for constructing self‐powered, flexible, and stable optoelectronic devices.
Reactions of NHC‐Boranes with Dibenzoyl Peroxide and Benzoic Acid
Authors: Bolt Daniel A. , Curran Dennis P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNHC‐boranes (NHC−BH3) react slowly under thermal conditions with dibenzoyl peroxide to make mixtures of NHC‐boryl mono‐ and dibenzoates [NHC−BH2OBz and NHC−BH(OBz)2]. Reactions are much faster under radical conditions with AIBN of TBHN as initiators. The TBHN method is especially good to make the dibenzoate. These observations led directly to the discovery that NHC‐boranes also react with benzoic acid and related carboxylic acids under radical (but not thermal) conditions. Chain mechanisms for reactions with both reagents are suggested in which the key step is addition of an NHC‐boryl radical to the carbonyl oxygen of either the peroxide or the acid.magnified image
Multi‐Scale Investigations of δ‐Ni0.25V2O5·nH2O Cathode Materials in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Jianwei , McColl Kit , Lu Xuekun , Sathasivam Sanjayan , Dong Haobo , Kang Liqun , Li Zhuangnan , Zhao Siyu , Kafizas Andreas G. , Wang Ryan , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R. , Corà Furio , He Guanjie , Carmalt Claire J. , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCost‐effective and environment‐friendly aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) exhibit tremendous potential for application in grid‐scale energy storage systems but are limited by suitable cathode materials. Hydrated vanadium bronzes have gained significant attention for AZIBs and can be produced with a range of different pre‐intercalated ions, allowing their properties to be optimized. However, gaining a detailed understanding of the energy storage mechanisms within these cathode materials remains a great challenge due to their complex crystallographic frameworks, limiting rational design from the perspective of enhanced Zn2+ diffusion over multiple length scales. Herein, a new class of hydrated porous δ‐Ni0.25V2O5.nH2O nanoribbons for use as an AZIB cathode is reported. The cathode delivers reversibility showing 402 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and a capacity retention of 98% over 1200 cycles at 5 A g−1. A detailed investigation using experimental and computational approaches reveal that the host “δ” vanadate lattice has favorable Zn2+ diffusion properties, arising from the atomic‐level structure of the well‐defined lattice channels. Furthermore, the microstructure of the as‐prepared cathodes is examined using multi‐length scale X‐ray computed tomography for the first time in AZIBs and the effective diffusion coefficient is obtained by image‐based modeling, illustrating favorable porosity and satisfactory tortuosity.
Industrial system prioritization using the sustainability‐interval‐index conceptual framework with life‐cycle considerations
Authors: Ren Jingzheng , Ren Xusheng , Shen Weifeng , Man Yi , Lin Ruojue , Liu Yue , He Chang , Manzardo Alessandro , Toniolo Sara , Dong Lichun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aims to develop a sustainability‐interval‐index (SII) conceptual framework with life‐cycle considerations which can incorporate the opinions/preferences of multiple stakeholders in the complex decision‐making processes and address the decision‐making matrix composed by multiple types of data for multiactor life cycle ranking of industrial systems. The multiactor fuzzy best‐worst method which allows multiple groups of stakeholders to use fuzzy numbers to express their opinions and preferences was developed for determining the weights of the indicators in life cycle sustainability assessment. A multicriteria decision‐making method under hybrid information was developed for addressing the decision‐making matrix composed by multiple types of data. Five hydrogen production pathways were studied, and the results reveal that the developed SII is feasible for sustainability ranking of industrial systems in life cycle perspective.
Aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease: longitudinal assessment of a large cohort and implications of diagnostic delay
Authors: Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Chou David W. , Wei Julia , Liang Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundAspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) refers to the combination of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), and acute respiratory tract reactions to ingestion of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). There have been no in the literature investigating diagnostic delay in AERD. We aimed to investigate whether delay of diagnosis of AERD is associated with poorer clinical outcomes as well as to characterize the role of specialty evaluation in diagnosis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of 254 subjects with incident AERD diagnoses between 2009 and 2016 among Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) members. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were employed to analyze clinical characteristics and outcomes of AERD subjects with and without delay in diagnosis (defined as 1 year or greater from symptom onset to diagnosis).ResultsOf the 254 patients in the AERD cohort, 24.4% had a delayed diagnosis. Patients with allergies were significantly less likely to have a delay in diagnosis (p < 0.01). Patients with a delay in diagnosis were more likely to have 2 or more courses of systemic steroids (p = 0.04). Allergists, otolaryngologists, and primary care physicians diagnosed 56%, 36%, and 8% of patients, respectively. There was no association between provider specialty at time of diagnosis and delay in diagnosis (p = 0.22).ConclusionA substantial proportion of AERD patients have a diagnostic delay. Patients with allergies have a lower risk for this delay. This study is the first to describe diagnostic delay in AERD patients.
High prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in sinonasal inverted papilloma: a single‐institution cohort of patients
Authors: Frasson Giuliana , Cesaro Sonia , Cazzador Diego , Traverso Giulia , Emanuelli Enzo , Borsetto Daniele , Munari Giada , Salmaso Roberta , Martini Alessandro , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Rugge Massimo 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundBoth the prevalence of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) and the causal association with alpha‐human papillomaviruses (alpha‐HPVs) are controversial. In this study we aimed to determine HPV status in histologically selected, microdissected, formalin‐fixed, and paraffin‐embedded tissue samples of IP.MethodsHPV status was assessed retrospectively by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐bead‒based multiplex genotyping on tissue samples of patients diagnosed with IP and consecutively treated with endoscopic resection. Forty‐one HPV genotypes were considered, distinguishing between high risk and low risk. HPV status was correlated with demographics and clinical variables. Sixty sinonasal IP tissue samples were initially considered. After exclusion of 5 cases due to insufficient quality/quantity of the samples, 55 patients were included for analysis.ResultsHPV‐DNA sequences were identified in 34 of 55 (61.8%) IPs, with a higher prevalence of high‐risk than low‐risk HPV genotypes (19 [55.9%] and 15 cases [44.1%], respectively). HPV16 strongly prevailed among the high‐risk HPV cases (84.2%), and HPV54 prevailed among the low‐risk HPV cases (53.3%). IPs with origin within the maxillary sinus were significantly associated with high‐risk HPV (p = 0.019). No significant associations emerged between HPV status and demographics or clinical variables.ConclusionIn a series of 55 IP tissue samples, HPV‐DNA sequences were identified in 61.8% of cases, which differs from the data of previous investigations. Further case‐control studies are advocated to confirm this prevalence in the Italian population addressed, and also to clarify any pathogenic involvement of HPV in the natural history of IPs.
Life cycle assessment of ethylene production from empty fruit bunch
Authors: Akmalina Rifkah , Pawitra Mayang Gitta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEmpty fruit bunch (EFB), as the abundant residue of palm oil processing in Indonesia, is potential lignocellulosic biomass that can be converted into ethylene. The use of lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock may overcome the problem of fossil‐sources depletion in the long term. The Aspen Plus was employed to simulate the entire process of ethylene production. The environmental impact of the process was further evaluated through life cycle assessment (LCA) method in which the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, ozone depletion, and photochemical oxidant creation were considered. A cradle‐to‐gate LCA study of ethylene production from EFB revealed that global warming potential (GWP) had the largest impact to the environment with the value of 1.15 kg CO2 eq/kg ethylene. Utilizing biomass as the raw material for producing ethylene showed a lower impact of global warming compared with the fossil based. The presence of biogenic carbon and lignin content in lignocellulosic biomass may potentially reduce environmental burden. Taking lignin into account as a credited product in this study resulted in a considerable reduction on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission by 83.9%, while the sequestration of CO2 provided insignificant effect to offset GHG emission.