bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D isotropic resolution diffusion‐prepared magnitude‐stabilized bSSFP imaging with high geometric fidelity at 1.5 Tesla
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhou Ziwu , Han Fei , Zhong Xiaodong , Yang Yingli , Hu Peng 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionMRI has been increasingly used in radiation therapy to facilitate tumor and organ delineation and assess treatment response. Diffusion MRI can provide cellularity information and may enable functional‐based treatment planning and adaptation. However, strong distortion associated with the conventional diffusion‐weighted single‐shot echo‐planar imaging (DW‐ssEPI) sequence is problematic for accurate target delineation. The goal of this work is to propose a 3D diffusion sequence with minimal distortion for radiation therapy applications.MethodsA 3D diffusion‐prepared magnitude‐stabilized balanced steady‐state free precession sequence (DP‐MS‐bSSFP) was developed. A 2D navigator was acquired during the linear catalyzation stage of the bSSFP readout to estimate the phase, which was then used in a plane‐by‐plane low‐rank constrained reconstruction to correct the shot‐to‐shot k‐space inconsistency. A diffusion phantom was scanned to evaluate and compare the geometric reliability and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) accuracy with the conventional DW‐ssEPI. Eight landmarks were selected on each slice of the images to calculate the target registration error (TRE), which was used as a surrogate for geometric fidelity. The phantom was scanned under both 0℃ and room temperature. Brain scans were performed on five healthy volunteers. In the first volunteer, protocols of 1, 2, and 4 shots per Kz plane were compared. In vivo geometric fidelity and ADC accuracy were evaluated on the remaining four volunteers using the protocol of four shots per Kz plane. In the geometric fidelity study, 8–10 landmarks were picked on each slice to calculate the TRE. Regions of interest were placed on the white matter, the cerebellum, and the cerebrospinal fluid region to evaluate the ADC agreement between DW‐ssEPI and DP‐MS using the Bland‐Altman plot. All scans were performed at 1.5 mm isotropic resolution to meet the high‐resolution requirement of many radiotherapy applications.ResultsThe DP‐MS had drastically improved geometric accuracy compared with DW‐ssEPI on the phantom. The mean TRE decreased from 2.09 mm to 0.70 mm. The percentage difference of the ADC values between the two diffusion sequences were less than 5.5% and 7% for the 0℃ and room temperature study, respectively. The DW‐ssEPI had strong distortion and susceptibility‐related artifacts at tissue air boundary, whereas distortion was minimal in DP‐MS images. Overall, the mean/max TRE was over 2 mm/7 mm in the volunteers for DW‐ssEPI, whereas less than 0.8 mm/2 mm for DP‐MS. Good ADC agreement was observed for the white matter, the cerebellum, and the CSF based on the Bland‐Altman plots.ConclusionA 3D diffusion sequence was developed and validated. It provided high‐resolution diffusion imaging with mean distortion less than 1 mm at 1.5 T, and is a promising imaging technique for treatment planning and adaptive radiotherapy.
Cadmium‐induced toxicity increases prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) expression in the rat testis
Authors: Venditti Massimo , Chemek Marouane , Minucci Sergio , Messaoudi Imed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring the differentiation of the male gamete, there is a massive remodeling in the shape and architecture of all the cells of the seminiferous epithelium. The cytoskeleton, as well as many associated proteins with it, plays a pivotal role in this process. The testis is particularly susceptible to environmental pollutant, which can lead to injury and impairment of normal spermatozoa production. Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major chemical environmental toxicants in economically developed countries. Food and cigarettes are the main sources of exposure to this element. Here, the protective role of zinc (Zn) to prevent the testicular toxicity in male adult rats after prenatal and during lactation exposure to Cd has been assessed. Altered testicular histology at the interstitial and germinal levels was found, whereas Zn supply completely corrected Cd toxicity. Moreover, the effects of these metals on the testicular expression and localization of the protease prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) were evaluated. Interestingly, the results showed an increase of PREP messenger RNA and protein. Data were corroborated by immunofluorescence. This study raises the possibility of using PREP as a new fertility marker.
Rehabilitation following shoulder arthroplasty in the United Kingdom National Health Service: A survey of publicly facing information
Authors: Littlewood Chris , Morgan Marie , Pitt Lisa , Moffatt Maria , Edwards Peter , Davies Ronnie , Peach Chris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of shoulder arthroplasty (SA) is rising, but there is limited research evaluating rehabilitation following SA and whether there is an optimal approach remains unknown. The aim of this study was to understand current National Health Service (NHS) practice for rehabilitation following SA as a platform for conducting much needed further research.MethodsTwo reviewers independently undertook electronic searches for publicly available information sheets (PIS) from websites of NHS Trusts that included detail about rehabilitation following SA, for example, duration of immobilisation. One reviewer extracted data, and a second reviewer verified this.Ethical approvalNot required.ResultsForty‐three PIS from 40 Trusts were identified. Twenty‐four referred to more than one type of arthroplasty (anatomic, reverse and hemiarthroplasty) but did not describe different approaches to rehabilitation based on prosthesis type. Twenty‐five PIS provided some instruction regarding movement restrictions, which varied considerably. All PIS referred to postoperative immobilisation, typically with a sling, with median duration of 4 weeks (range 0 to 8). Thirty‐four PIS reported commencing passive exercise immediately. Median time to commencing active exercise was 4 weeks (range 1 to 6) and 5 weeks (range 1 to 16) for resisted exercise. Median time expected to return to driving was 6 weeks (range 3 to 12) and general work 12 weeks (range 3 to 26).ConclusionThis study has highlighted significant heterogeneity between rehabilitation approaches following SA, not previously reported in the United Kingdom, with a lack of specific rehabilitation PIS for different prosthesis types. Our results will facilitate evaluation of rehabilitation strategies in future research.
Is internal migration declining in Iceland? Intensities, geographical patterns and population composition 1986–2017
Authors: Garðarsdóttir Ólöf , Bjarnason Thoroddur , Jónsson Stefán Hrafn , Shuttleworth Ian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Nordic countries have higher rates of internal migration than most other Western societies and have not always shared in the declines noted in other countries. This paper examines migration in Iceland during the period 1986–2017 to add to the wider international literature on migration trends. Compared with its Nordic neighbours, Iceland has the highest rates of internal migration and currently also the greatest porosity in terms of international inflows and outflows. The main focus is on migration flows between the Reykjavík capital area—the only city in the country—the nearby exurban regions on the one hand and the more distant provinces at the other hand. We show that, despite continued high aggregate migration rates, there has been a slight but long‐term downward trend in all moves. We also indicate that migration rates are highly sensitive to cyclic economic fluctuations. Migration between the Reykjavík capital area and its surrounding exurban regions is characterised by increasing mobility during economic booms but the Great Recession starting in 2008 led to a fall in migration. However, the slight decline in overall internal migration in Iceland since the 1990s can almost exclusively be attributed to the decline in migration from the provinces to the Reykjavík capital area, which predates the 2008 Great Recession.
Surface Modification of Fe7S8/C Anode via Ultrathin Amorphous TiO2 Layer for Enhanced Sodium Storage Performance
Authors: Deng Xianchun , Chen Hui , Wu Xiangjiang , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Zhong Faping , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Cao Yuliang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIron sulfides with high theoretical capacity and low cost have attracted extensive attention as anode materials for sodium ion batteries. However, the inferior electrical conductivity and devastating volume change and interface instability have largely hindered their practical electrochemical properties. Here, ultrathin amorphous TiO2 layer is constructed on the surface of a metal–organic framework derived porous Fe7S8/C electrode via a facile atomic layer deposition strategy. By virtue of the porous structure and enhanced conductivity of the Fe7S8/C, the electroactive TiO2 layer is expected to effectively improve the electrode interface stability and structure integrity of the electrode. As a result, the TiO2‐modified Fe7S8/C anode exhibits significant performance improvement for sodium‐ion batteries. The optimal TiO2‐modified Fe7S8/C electrode delivers reversible capacity of 423.3 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles with high capacity retention of 75.3% at 0.2 C. Meanwhile, the TiO2 coating is conducive to construct favorable solid electrolyte interphase, leading to much enhanced initial Coulombic efficiency from 66.9% to 72.3%. The remarkable improvement suggests that the interphase modification holds great promise for high‐performance metal sulfide‐based anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries.
Phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate extract of male Carica papaya flowers from Quang Nam – Da Nang
Authors: Van Do Thi Thuy , Cuong Dao Hung , Lien Giang Thi Kim , Yen Pham Hai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMale Carica papaya flowers, one of natural materials, have many pharmacology activities including anticancer. We report herein the isolation and structural elucidation of known compounds. Eight flavonoids, kaempferol (1), kaempferol 3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (2), kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (4), quercetin (5), quercitrin (6), quercetin 3‐O‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (7) and myricitrin (8) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of male Carica papaya flowers. Their structures were determined by NMR, MS spectra and by comparing with the reported data.
A theoretical study of X‐H∙∙∙π and X∙∙∙π interactions in the complexes of furan, thiophene, pyrrole and hydrogen halides
Authors: Le Do Thi Hong , Tri Nguyen Ngoc , Man Nguyen Thi Hong , Trung Nguyen Tien 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBy using ab initio geometry optimization calculations we obtained thirteen stable complexes containing H∙∙∙π and X∙∙∙π interactions between Furan, Thiophene, Pyrrole and HX (X = F, Cl, Br) at the MP2/6‐311++G(3df,2pd) high level of theory. The interaction energies corrected for only ZPE and both ZPE and BSSE range from ‐7.92 to ‐28.47 kJ.mol‐1 and ‐3.28 to ‐22.33 kJ.mol‐1, respectively. The results show that for the same HX, the stability of complexes decreases in going from Pyrrole to Thiophene and finally to Furan moiety, and increases in the order of HF < HCl < HBr monomer with the same π‐system. The obtained results from AIM and MEP analyses indicate that the H∙∙∙π interaction is more stable than X∙∙∙π one in all the investigated complexes. It is found that the electrostatic, dispersion and induction energy terms significantly contribute to strength of the studied complexes, in which two formers are for H∙∙∙π hydrogen bonded complexes and two latters are for X∙∙∙π halogen bonded complexes.
Chemical bonding in trimers of Ge2 with monovalent metals
Authors: Son Tran Tuong , Tu Vo Ngoc , Thanh Vo Thi Thu , Ngan Vu Thi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChemical bonding of the monovalent metal‐doped germanium Ge2M (M belonging the groups IA and IB) clusters is investigated by using quantum chemical calculations combined with the analyses of natural atomic orbital (NAO), natural bond orbital (NBO) and natural resonance theory (NRT). All of the clusters have a ground state in isosceles triangle shape with two quasi‐degenerate electronic states (2A1, 2B1). The clusters doped with metals of the group IB are more stable than those doped with the alkali metals of the group IA due to the stronger Ge‐M bond of the former ones. Most clusters have the electron transfer from the dopant atoms to the dimer Ge2. This study reveals that the Ge‐M bonds is very weak and highly ionic with M being alkali metals, while they are stronger and possess both ionic and covalent nature with a larger contribution of the ionic character for M being IB elements. The participation of AO‐d in the Ge‐M bonds of the IB elements is the reason for their larger strength and covalent character.
Electrochemical properties of amoxicillin on an economical, simple graphite pencil electrode and the ability of the electrode in amoxicillin detection
Authors: Yen Pham Thi Hai , Anh Nguyen Hoang , Ha Vu Thi Thu , Hung Le Quoc , Phong Pham Hong , Hien Chu Thi Thu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAmoxicillin (AMX), an antibiotic in the class of beta‐lactam antibiotics has shown an ability of adsorption onto the economical, simple graphite pencil electrode (GPE) and could be electrochemical oxidation. The oxidation peak signal of AMX on the treated electrode is better than the one on the original GPE that is in agreement with the increase of redoxidation peaks of Fe(II)/Fe(III) system when using treated electrode. The square wave Voltammetric signals of AMX have exhibited a direct proportion to AMX concentrations in analytical solution with the correlation coefficient of 0.996. The limit of detection is 0.224 μM that is comparable with ones in many reported publications while GPE electrode is less complicated for fabrication.
Preparation and characterization of waterborne epoxy coatings containing conductive PANi/silica nanoparticles
Authors: Duong Nguyen Thuy , Thuy Thai Thu , Tham Do Quang , Mai Tran Thi , Trang Nguyen Thi Thu , Vu Pham Gia , Son Nguyen Anh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis work reports on the mechanical and dielectric properties of waterborne epoxy coatings containing polyaniline/silica nanocomposites (PANi/SiO2). The nanocomposites with different PANi/SiO2 ratios were synthesized by in‐situ chemical oxidative polymerization method. The morphology and electric properties of PANi/SiO2 were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and standard four‐probe electrode method. It was shown that the silica nanoparticles were grafted by PANi and it conducted a decrease of electrical conductivity of PANi/SiO2 composites, compared to pure PANi. The epoxy coatings containing PANi/SiO2 presented lower dielectric properties than that containing pure PANi. In contrast, the PANi/SiO2 could maintain the breakdown voltage (from 16.6 to 19.1 kV/mm) and enhance impact resistance of conducting epoxy system up to 100 kg.cm. The results revealed that the PANi/SiO2 nanocomposite can be used in electrical coating application with good dielectric strength and mechanical properties.
Influence of TAS on photocrosslinking of the coatings on the base of acrylate, epoxide oligomers and monomers
Authors: Hien Le Xuan , Thanh Do Minh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe influences of the triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts (TAS) content in the range from 1 to 9 % of the total resin and monomer weight on photocrosslinking and properties of UV‐cured coatings based on epoxy diacrylate (EDA), hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), epoxy resin modified by castor oil (CE) and 3,4‐epoxycyclohexyl‐methyl 3,4‐epoxycyclohexane carboxylate, a biscycloaliphatic diepoxide (BCDE), have been studied. It was shown that under UV‐exposure, photoinitiated radical polymerization of acrylate groups of EDA, HDDA and cationic polymerization of epoxy groups of CE, BCDE occurred very fast, leading to formation of interpenetrating polymer networks. The relationship between TAS content and polymerization of epoxy, acrylate groups as well as performance of UV‐cured coatings had optimal particularity with highest conversion rate of the groups and properties of the cured coatings containing 5 and 7 % of TAS.
A high‐rate anaerobic biofilm reactor for biomethane recovery from source‐separated blackwater at ambient temperature
Authors: Huang Qi , Zakaria Basem S. , Zhang Yingdi , Zhang Lei , Liu Yang , Dhar Bipro R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnaerobic bioreactors for source‐separated blackwater are mostly operated at low organic loading rates (OLRs) due to low biodegradability and the potential of ammonia inhibition. In this study, an anaerobic biofilm reactor having conductive carbon fibers as the media was investigated for the high‐rate treatment of blackwater collected from vacuum toilets. The bioreactor was operated at different OLRs ranged from 0.77 to 3.01 g COD/L‐d in four stages for a total operating period of ~ 250 days. With the increase of OLRs, the specific methane production rate increased from 105.3 to 304.6 ml/L‐d with high methane content in biogas (75.5%–83%). The maximum methane yield was achieved at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 15 days. Highest organics and suspended solids removal (80%–83%) were achieved at 20‐days HRT, while increased OLRs resulted in diminished removal efficiencies. The state variables, including pH, total ammonia nitrogen, short‐chain volatile fatty acids, and soluble chemical oxygen demand, indicated the system had a great capability to withstand the high OLRs. Microbial community analysis revealed that the high performance might be attributed to direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) facilitated by potentially electroactive bacteria (e.g., Syntrophomonas, Clostridium) and electrotrophic archaea (e.g., Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina species) enriched on the carbon fibers.Practitioner points

An anaerobic biofilm reactor was investigated for biomethane recovery from source‐separated blackwater.

Conductive carbon fibers were utilized as the media to stimulate enrichment of potentially electroactive methanogenic communities.

The bioreactor was operated at ambient temperature for over 250 days.

High methane production rate and high‐quality biogas were achieved at OLRs ranged from 0.77 to 3.01 g COD/L‐d.

Microbial community analysis suggested direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between specific electroactive bacteria and electrotrophic archaea.
Indigenous Sustainable Development
Authors: MacNeill Timothy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis concluding chapter summarizes the findings of the book. This involves presenting somewhat of a guide to academics, communities, and practitioners that seek to support indigenous concepts of sustainable development. The chapter begins by describing what indigenous sustainable development is. Then the discussion changes towards modes of implementation. A central focus is given to items such as the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals and their resonances, and lack thereof, with indigenous ideas of development.
Classic Ideas of Modernity, Culture, and Progress
Authors: MacNeill Timothy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIdeas of development, and later sustainable development, did not appear out of nowhere after WWII. This chapter explores prewar origins of economic and cultural theories of development. The discussion focusses on ways that culture and development concepts appear in the classical political economy of people like Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill, and neoclassical economists from Pareto, to Hayek, to Keynes.
Graphology in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s
Authors: Schlicht Laurens 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article I examine how psychologists, amateurs and actors in the police and in juridical fields positioned themselves in the 1920s and 1930s on the scientific nature of graphology. Graphology, the study of the character from handwriting, was linked with the hope of providing reliable methods for the investigation of psychological states and dispositions. The essay argues that on an epistemic level two different models have been represented to support the scientific nature of graphology: for one thing resorting to the special individual skill, the “genius” of a graphologist; or rather depersonalized techniques predominantly based on statistics. Amateur graphologists used both of these forms.On a methodological level, I argue that in order to historicize the human sciences in general, and psychology in particular, it is useful to examine the translation processes that turn everyday interpretative practices (of facial expressions, dreams, handwriting) into scientific legitimate investigative procedures. In order to investigate precisely this translation process, it is useful to look at what Thomas Gieryn calls “boundary work” at the border between scientific and non-scientific interpretation practices, for which graphology is used here as an example. It is particularly illuminating to examine how representatives of the official sciences distinguish themselves from presumed “charlatans”, which is why the article focuses on court cases and the demarcation strategies used by the police against fraudulent amateur graphologists.
Cryoablation combined with transarterial infusion of pembrolizumab (CATAP) for liver metastases of melanoma: an ambispective, proof-of-concept cohort study
Authors: Shen Lujun , Qi Han , Chen Shuanggang , Cao Fei , Xie Lin , Wu Ying , Ma Weimei , Song Ze , Yuan Hui , Zhang Tao , Li Dandan , Wen Xizhi , Chen Qifeng , Li Wang , Zhang Xiaoshi , Fan Weijun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The presence of liver metastasis correlates with poor therapeutic response of PD-1 blockade therapy in melanoma. A novel treatment protocol by combining cryoablation with transarterial infusion of pembrolizumab (CATAP) was proposed, and its feasibility and safety was assessed among this group of patients.

Methods
This registered ambispective cohort study enrolled fifteen melanoma patients with multiple hepatic metastases who received planned two-stage CATAP therapy: in the combined stage, subtotal cryoablation on day 1, in which one to two intrahepatic lesions were ablated completely with other lesions left untreated, sequentially combined transarterial infusion of pembrolizumab on day 3, every three weeks, for at least one cycle; in the infusion stage, arterial infusion of pembrolizumab was recommended at three-week interval until disease progression. The primary endpoint was objective response rate by RECIST (version 1.1); secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and safety; exploratory endpoints were changes of cytokines and immune cell compositions in peripheral blood samples.

Results
Of the 15 patients enrolled, no grade 3–4 adverse events or major complications were observed. One patient (6.7%) achieved complete response, and 3 (20.0%) achieved partial response. The overall response rates of CATAP for the entire cohort and patients with cutaneous melanoma were 26.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.3–49.0%) and 33.3% (95% CI 2.5–64.1%), respectively. Clinical response was observed in a proportion of patients (2/6; 33.3%) who failed first-line intravenous pembrolizumab treatment. The median overall PFS time and hepatic PFS time were 4.0 (95% CI 2.5–5.5) and 5.73 (95% CI 1.1–10.4) months, respectively. A significant increase in CD3-CD16 + CD56 + cells (natural killer cells; P = 0.0124) and a marginally significant decrease in CD4 + CD25 + cells (regulatory T cells; P = 0.0546) were observed three weeks after the first cycle of treatment in the combined stage.

Conclusions
The CATAP therapy demonstrated positive clinical activity and a favorable safety profile for melanoma patients with liver metastasis.