bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constitutive low expression of antiviral effectors sensitizes melanoma cells to a novel oncolytic virus
Authors: Dellac Sarah , Ben‐Dov Hamutal , Raanan Ayala , Saleem Hanna , Zamostiano Rachel , Semyatich Rinat , Lavi Sara , Witz Isaac P. , Bacharach Eran , Ehrlich Marcelo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSTAT1 is a critical effector and a target gene of interferon (IFN) signaling, and thus a central mediator of antiviral responses. As both a mediator and a target of IFN signals, STAT1 expression reports on, and determines IFN activity. Gene expression analyses of melanoma patient samples revealed varied levels of STAT1 expression, which highly correlated with expression of >700 genes. The ability of oncolytic viruses to exploit tumor‐induced defects to antiviral responses suggests that oncolytic viruses may efficiently target a subset of melanomas, yet these should be defined. We modeled this scenario with murine B16F10 melanomas, immortalized skin fibroblasts as controls and a novel oncolytic virus, EHDV‐TAU. In B16F10 cells, constitutive low expression of STAT1 and its target genes, which included intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), correlated with their inability to mount IFN‐based antiviral responses upon EHDV‐TAU challenge, and with potency of EHDV‐TAU‐induced oncolysis. This underexpression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and PRRs, and the inability of EHDV‐TAU to induce their expression, were reversed by epigenetic modifiers, suggesting epigenetic silencing as a basis for their underexpression. Despite their inability to mount IFN/STAT‐based responses upon viral infection, EHDV‐TAU infected B16F10 cells secreted immune‐stimulatory chemokines. Accordingly, in vivo, EHDV‐TAU enhanced intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T‐cells and reduced growth of local and distant tumors. We propose that “STAT1 signatures” should guide melanoma virotherapy treatments, and that oncolytic viruses such as EHDV‐TAU have the potential to exploit the cellular context of low‐STAT1 tumors.
Optimal deep belief network with opposition‐based hybrid grasshopper and honeybee optimization algorithm for lung cancer classification: A DBNGHHB approach
Authors: Chilakala Lokanath Reddy , Kishore Gattim Naveen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this manuscript, a new approach using deep belief network (DBN) along opposition‐based hybrid grasshopper and honey bee optimization algorithm for lung cancer classification is proposed. Chest computed tomography (CT) is commonly used to diagnosis the lung tumors. Initially, the image quality is improved by preprocessing techniques, and then the features like texture, color and shape are extracted. Several functions have been originating from the second order first gray level statistics like modified angles, high‐order algebraic time invariant, Gaussian defining properties and new spectral power metrics. Recently, a local binary pattern geometric characteristic descriptor has been demonstrated in the extraction and classification of pulmonary nodules. Furthermore, some functionality is stripped away for comparison purposes. Dimension reduction is significant for the implementation of algorithms in machine learning. The other special approaches can be implemented to determine the functionalities due to vast set of features. To remove the unused and obsolete features between the feature selection approaches, the multivariate approach like local tangent space alignment is used. Finally, DBN is used to categorize pulmonary CT images as malignant or benign, and is calibrated to the detection of lung cancer classification by the opposition‐based hybrid grasshopper and honey bee optimization algorithm. The Lung Image Database Consortium including Image Resources Initiative database are analyzed the network services, and the experimental results shows that the DBN network represents 97.52% accuracy, 96% sensitivity and 94.58% specificity.
Estimation of evapotranspiration for paddy under alternate wetting and drying irrigation practice*
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Tamilarasan R. , Mailapalli Damodhara Rao , Raghuwanshi Narendra Singh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCrop evapotranspiration (ETC) of rice under an alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation practice may be different from conventional (CON) irrigation methods due to the drying (water stress) phase. The focus of this study was to identify a suitable approach for estimating ETC for a rice crop under AWD practice. Field lysimeters were used for estimating daily ETC under AWD and CON practices during monsoon and non‐monsoon seasons. Lysimeter‐based evapotranspiration (ETC_Lys) was compared with that resulting from the product of reference evapotranspiration (FAO‐56 Penman–Monteith equation), crop coefficient (FAO tabulated values‐KC_Tab and FAO equation‐KC_Eqn) and soil water stress coefficient (linear equation‐KS_Lin; FAO equation‐KS_FAO; logarithmic equation‐KS_Log). The KC_Eqn and KS_FAO methods were found to be better estimates for KC and KS, respectively, for AWD practice. The mean KC in initial, mid and late season for AWD were found to be very close to CON practice. The KS was observed to vary from 1 to 0.15 for AWD. Overall, AWD irrigation practice saved 10–20% irrigation water with about 2% reduction in grain yield and 13% reduction in ETC. The reduction in ETC indicated that KS must be considered when calculating the ETC in rice under AWD irrigation practice.
Inhibitor binding to mutants of protein kinase A with GGGxxG and GxGxxA glycine‐rich loop motifs
Authors: Alam Kazi A. , Gani Osman A. S. B. M. , Engh Richard A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe conserved GxGxxG motif of protein kinases forms a beta turn at the tip of the flexible glycine‐rich loop and creates much of the ATP pocket binding surface. Notable exceptions to this sequence include GGGxxG in ABL kinase and GxGxxA in protein kinase C isoforms. We constructed the corresponding mutants of PKA, T51G, and G55A, and tested quinazoline inhibitors that were designed to bind via glycine‐rich loop interactions, testing also staurosporine for comparison. The quinazoline inhibitors have significantly reduced binding strengths in both mutants. In striking contrast to these results, the binding of the “pan‐kinome” inhibitor staurosporine is strengthened in the mutants. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) shows that the tightened binding of staurosporine arises from increased kon rates, changes not offset by more moderately increased koff rates. The SPR results fit best to a two step binding process for staurosporine in wild type PKA, but not the mutants.
Performance Comparison of Compressed Sensing Algorithms for Accelerating T1ρ Mapping of Human Brain
Authors: Menon Rajiv G. , Zibetti Marcelo V.W. , Jain Rajan , Ge Yulin , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: November 2020

Background3D‐T1ρ mapping is useful to quantify various neurologic disorders, but data are currently time‐consuming to acquire.PurposeTo compare the performance of five compressed sensing (CS) algorithms—spatiotemporal finite differences (STFD), exponential dictionary (EXP), 3D‐wavelet transform (WAV), low‐rank (LOW) and low‐rank plus sparse model with spatial finite differences (L + S SFD)—for 3D‐T1ρ mapping of the human brain with acceleration factors (AFs) of 2, 5, and 10.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsEight healthy volunteers underwent T1ρ imaging of the whole brain.Field Strength/SequenceThe sequence was fully sampled 3D Cartesian ultrafast gradient echo sequence with a customized T1ρ preparation module on a clinical 3T scanner.AssessmentThe fully sampled data was undersampled by factors of 2, 5, and 10 and reconstructed with the five CS algorithms. Image reconstruction quality was evaluated and compared to the SENSE reconstruction of the fully sampled data (reference) and T1ρ estimation errors were assessed as a function of AF.Statistical TestsNormalized root mean squared errors (nRMSE) and median normalized absolute deviation (MNAD) errors were calculated to compare image reconstruction errors and T1ρ estimation errors, respectively. Linear regression plots, Bland–Altman plots, and Pearson correlation coefficients (CC) are shown.ResultsFor image reconstruction quality, at AF = 2, EXP transforms had the lowest mRMSE (1.56%). At higher AF values, STFD performed better, with the smallest errors (3.16% at AF = 5, 4.32% at AF = 10). For whole‐brain quantitative T1ρ mapping, at AF = 2, EXP performed best (MNAD error = 1.62%). At higher AF values (AF = 5, 10), the STFD technique had the least errors (2.96% at AF = 5, 4.24% at AF = 10) and the smallest variance from the reference T1ρ estimates.Data ConclusionThis study demonstrates the use of different CS algorithms that may be useful in reducing the scan time required to perform volumetric T1ρ mapping of the brain.Level of Evidence2.Technical Efficacy Stage1.
An intelligent technique for optimal power quality reinforcement in a grid‐connected HRES system: EVORFA technique
Authors: Goud B. Srikanth , Rao B. Loveswara , Reddy Ch. Rami 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis manuscript proposes the optimal power quality reinforcement in grid‐connected hybrid renewable energy sources like solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, battery storage using an intelligent approach. The proposed hybrid approach is the consolidation of Egyptian vulture optimization algorithm (EVOA) and random forest algorithm (RFA); hence, it is known as EVORFA technique. The major objective of this research is voltage stabilizing, power loss reduction, extenuating harmonic distortion. EVOA is mainly used to the offline way to differentiate the perfect combination and forms the dataset of proportional integral gain parameters; load current, DC‐link voltage, and voltage sources are based on reduced error objective function. In EVOA, multiple parameters are considered that is identified to the power quality (PQ) issues. The RFA predicts most optimal control signal with minimum error based on the accomplished dataset. The proposed EVORFA approach is executed in MATLAB/Simulink work site. The EVORFA approach performance is carried out in two modes, that is, simultaneous PQ reinforcement and RES power injection PRES > 0 and PQ reinforcement (PRES = 0). By then the experimental results are compared to the existing methods like gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and RFA.
Modeling and performance analysis of folded graphene nanoribbon interconnect
Authors: Das Debaprasad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we have modeled the folded graphene nanoribbon (FGNR) interconnect and analyzed the performance for nanometer technology nodes. The mean free path is modeled as a function of GNR width and Fermi energy. The RLC equivalent circuit is modeled further for analyzing delay and RF response. The performance of FGNR is compared to that of multi‐layer horizontal graphene nanoribbon (ML‐HGNR) and multi‐layer vertical graphene nanoribbon (ML‐VGNR) interconnects. Our analysis shows that proposed FGNR interconnect with fully diffusive edges can outperform both the ML‐HGNR and ML‐VGNR interconnects as well as the traditional Cu interconnects.
A 20‐Gbps Beam‐Steered Infrared Wireless Link Enabled by a Passively Field‐Programmable Metasurface
Authors: Huang Jianou , Li Chao , Lei Yu , Yang Ling , Xiang Yuanjiang , Curto Alberto G. , Li Zilun , Guo Lei , Cao Zizheng , Hao Yue , Koonen Antonius Marcellus Jozef 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBeam steering is one of the main challenges in energy‐efficient and high‐speed infrared light communication. To date, active beam‐steering schemes based on a spatial light modulator (SLM) or micro‐electrical mechanical system (MEMS) mirror, as well as the passive ones based on diffractive gratings, are demonstrated for infrared light communication. Here, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, an infrared beam is steered by 35° on one side empowered by a passively field‐programmable metasurface. By combining the centralized control of wavelength and polarization, a remote passive metasurface can steer the infrared beam in a remote access point. The proposed system has the scalability to support multiple beams, flexibility to steer the beam, high optical efficiency, simple and cheap devices on remote sides, and centralized control (low maintenance cost), while it avoids disadvantages such as grating loss, a small coverage area, and a bulky size. Based on the proposed beam‐steering technology, a proof‐of‐concept experiment system with a data rate of 20 Gbps is also demonstrated.
Ultra‐Stretchable, Self‐Healing, Conductive, and Transparent PAA/DES Ionic Gel
Authors: Wang Jiake , Ma Zhongzheng , Wang Yan , Shao Jingwen , Yan Lifeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA deep eutectic solvent (DES) ionic gel is fabricated rapidly under mild conditions. The acrylic acid monomer is polymerized based on a dual self‐catalytic system between Vitamin C (VC) and metal ions, such as Fe3+ in the presence of ammonium persulfate in the DES of betaine and ethylene glycol. The as‐obtained PAA/DES ionic gel possesses excellent conductivity between 0.1 and 1.3 S m−1 in a wide range of temperatures from 0 to 90 °C. Moreover, it also shows an ultra‐stretchable performance with stretch more than 200 times its original length even under a stretching rate of 100 mm min−1. Besides, it can operate in harsh conditions because of its anti‐freezing and anti‐drying properties. The ionic gel is self‐healing, and the stretching and conductive performance can be recovered after it is broken. These superior properties of the DES ionic gel provide new insights into the design of novel gels in various applications, such as tissue engineering, sensing, and wearable electronics.
From Molecules to Polymers—Harnessing Inter‐ and Intramolecular Interactions to Create Mechanochromic Materials
Authors: Traeger Hanna , Kiebala Derek J. , Weder Christoph , Schrettl Stephen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of mechanophores as building blocks that serve as predefined weak linkages has enabled the creation of mechanoresponsive and mechanochromic polymer materials, which are interesting for a range of applications including the study of biological specimens or advanced security features. In typical mechanophores, covalent bonds are broken when polymers that contain these chemical motifs are exposed to mechanical forces, and changes of the optical properties upon bond scission can be harnessed as a signal that enables the detection of applied mechanical stresses and strains. Similar chromic effects upon mechanical deformation of polymers can also be achieved without relying on the scission of covalent bonds. The dissociation of motifs that feature directional noncovalent interactions, the disruption of aggregated molecules, and conformational changes in molecules or polymers constitute an attractive element for the design of mechanoresponsive and mechanochromic materials. In this article, it is reviewed how such alterations of molecules and polymers can be exploited for the development of mechanochromic materials that signal deformation without breaking covalent bonds. Recent illustrative examples are highlighted that showcase how the use of such mechanoresponsive motifs enables the visual mapping of stresses and damage in a reversible and highly sensitive manner.
Efficient modeling of low‐resolution millimeter‐wave transceivers for massive MIMO wireless communications systems
Authors: Estes Nicholas , Gao Kang , Hochwald Bertrand , Laneman J. Nicholas , Chisum Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a high‐fidelity measurement‐based nonlinear model of low‐complexity millimeter‐wave transmit and receive circuits for design and analysis of 1‐bit on‐off‐key (OOK) massive MIMO wireless communications systems. The receive model is based upon a fabricated 38 GHz energy detector, representative of state‐of‐the‐art OOK millimeter‐wave receivers. The model is validated with measurements and includes nonlinear noise modeling. Performance of a large‐scale massive MIMO system is predicted with the model, and predictions are compared against a 4‐transmit‐element, N‐receive‐element testbed. Finally, we compute the channel capacity of several OOK massive MIMO systems, exploring tradeoffs in power consumption and number of transmit and receive cells. Results indicate a 1‐bit OOK array with low power pre‐amplifiers can achieve similar capacity to a classical linear receiver with less than one tenth the power consumption. The 1‐bit array compensates for the per‐cell simplicity by increasing the total number of cells while maintaining low overall power consumption.
Early and consistent pattern of proximal weakness in GNE myopathy
Authors: Khadilkar Satish V. , Chaudhari Amit D. , Singla Madhu B. , Dastur Rashna S. , Gaitonde Pradnya S. , Bhutada Ashish G. , Hegde Madhuri R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundGNE myopathy is widely regarded as a distal myopathy. Involvement of proximal musculature in this condition has not been systematically studied.MethodsThe phenotype of genetically confirmed patients with GNE myopathy was analyzed. Fourteen groups of muscles were evaluated with Medical Research Council (MRC) grading and the average muscle scores (AMS:1–10) were calculated.ResultsFully documented AMS data was available in 31 of 65 patients. It showed a consistent pattern of severe weakness of hip adductors, hip flexors, knee flexors, and foot dorsiflexors, with milder weakness of the hip extensors and abductors. The knee extensors were largely unaffected. The proximal weakness appeared early in the course of the disease. Proximal muscle weakness was also present in the remaining 34 patients in whom the data were limited. A variant in exon 13 (c.2179G > A) was very common (81.5%).ConclusionsThe GNE phenotype in this Indian cohort exhibited mixed proximal and distal involvement. Weakness of adductors and flexors of the hip formed an integral part of the phenotype.
Competitive fit‐revelation sampling and mixed pricing strategy
Authors: Wu Lingli , Deng Shiming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhen firms launch new products, consumers may be uncertain about whether these products fit their individual preferences before they have any personal experience with them. Such consumer fit uncertainty is very common for products sold online. To resolve this uncertainty, firms may provide fit‐revelation sampling along with competitive pricing depending on their competitors' strategies. In this paper, we formulate a game‐theoretical model to study the fit‐revelation sampling strategies for two competing firms of substitute products in a market consisting of switchers and nonswitchers. We derive equilibrium sampling and pricing strategies and provide conditions under which the two firms adopt symmetric or asymmetric sampling strategies. Our analysis provides possible explanations on why different sampling strategies are observed among competing firms in practice. We show that fit‐revelation sampling can be an important market differentiation tool. Adopting asymmetric sampling strategies, the two firms can take advantage of the market differentiation effect to avoid head‐on competition and make both of them better off. Counter‐intuitively, the profits of both firms can be increasing in the degree of competition (i.e., the size of switchers), and decreasing in the size of nonswitchers. We also provide new insights on the cause of price dispersion for competing firms facing consumer fit uncertainty. This would help firms to adjust their promotion strategies in accordance with their sampling campaigns. We extend the model to consider a more general case in which firms have different sizes of nonswitchers. We show that the firm with a larger size of nonswitchers is more willing to provide fit‐revelation sampling if the benefit from dropping low‐value consumers through sampling is large. Targeted sampling and pricing strategies are further examined in this paper. We show that firms always prefer asymmetric sampling strategies when targeting the group of switchers.
Nanocellulose as a sustainable material for water purification
Authors: Ahankari Sandeep , George Thomas , Subhedar Aditya , Kar Kamal K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe demand for purified water has been increasing day by day. More feasible technologies, including membrane filtration, adsorbents, and so forth have emerged out to be more efficient and cheaper over conventional industrial methods. Nanocellulose, being biodegradable, nontoxic, and sustainable nanofiller exhibits excellent mechanical properties, high aspect ratio, high surface area, and more importantly tunable surface chemistry; is a potential candidate to be employed for water purification. Composite membranes and films for water filtration, constituting of biopolymers have gathered immense interest lately. Compared with its unmodified form, the functionalized NC enhances the compatibility with the matrix and readily forming strong network structures; essential for the formation of channels for better adsorption of impurities and higher water flux. This review highlights some of the recent studies dedicated to making and testing of nanofiltration membranes prepared using nanocellulose and its different functionalized derivatives.
The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bond on the ultraviolet absorption of bi‐aryl Schiff bases
Authors: Cao Chao‐Tun , Li Luyao , Cao Chenzhong , Liu Junlan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo kinds of Schiff bases, 85 samples of N‐(benzylidene)‐anilines (ZBAY) and 83 samples of N‐(phenyl‐ethylene)‐anilines (ZAPEY), were used as model compounds, in which the ZBAY contains 13 compounds with 2‐OH and the ZAPEY contains 35 compounds with 2‐OH (synthesized by this work). The quantitative correlation analysis ultraviolet absorption spectra of ZBAY and ZAPEY were performed, and the effect of intramolecular hydrogen bond on their wave number vmax (cm−1) of the maximum absorption wavelength λmax (nm) was investigated. The results show that (a) the factors affecting the vmax of ZBAY and ZAPEY are roughly the same, but their intensities are different. (b) The vmax move caused by intramolecular hydrogen bond is all red shift for both ZBAY and ZAPEY, but the red shift value (2,381) of the ZBAY is more than twice than that (850) of ZAPEY. (c) The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bond on vmax is only dominated by the parent structure unit of Schiff base, rather than the substituents in the molecule. For those compounds with the same parent structure unit, their red shift values of vmax are at fixed value, but their red shift values of λmax are unequal. Generally, the red shift value caused by the intramolecular hydrogen bond is larger for the compound with a larger λmax value. The above observed phenomena are discussed from the view of molecular coplanarity.
10Be exposure age for sorted polygons in the Sudetes Mountains
Authors: Engel Zbyněk , Křížek Marek , Braucher Régis , Uxa Tomáš , Krause David ,   AsterTeam
Published: November 2020

AbstractPatterned‐ground landforms represent the most common phenomenon of periglacial environment, and their large sorted forms belong to the few morphological indicators of past permafrost distribution. The relic forms of patterned ground are widespread on high‐elevated surfaces in the central European uplands, providing the evidence of regional periglacial conditions in the last glacial period. However, the timing of these landforms, as well as their potential for paleoclimate reconstructions, has remained unexplored. In this paper, we present 10Be exposure ages from the large sorted polygons sampled at four sites in the Sudetes Mountains, the highest part of the central European uplands. These results indicate that these landforms started to form at the end of Marine Isotope Stage 3, and the main phase of their formation occurred between 30 and 20 ka. This research confirms the hypothesis of sorted patterned‐ground formation within the last (Weichselian) glacial stage (110.6–11.7 ka) and suggests that earlier‐sorted features are not preserved in the Sudetes. The recognized period of enhanced periglacial activity coincides with a prominent cold interval identified earlier in both regional and northern‐hemispheric proxy records.