bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting hepatocyte growth factor/c‐mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor axis in hepatocellular carcinoma: Rationale and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Yu Jianqing , Chen George G. , Lai Paul B. S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The outcome of current standard treatments, as well as targeted therapies in advanced stages, are still unsatisfactory. Attention has been drawn to novel strategies for better treatment efficacy. Hepatocyte growth factor/c‐mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (HGF/c‐Met) axis has been known as an essential element in the regulation of liver diseases and as an oncogenic factor in HCC. In this review, we collected the evidence of HGF/c‐Met as a tumor progression and prognostic marker, discussed the anti‐c‐Met therapy in vitro, summarized the outcome of c‐Met inhibitors in clinical trials, and identified potential impetus for future anti‐c‐Met treatments. We also analyzed the inconsistency of HGF/c‐Met from various publications and offered reasonable explanations based on the current understanding in this area. In conclusion, HGF/c‐Met plays a crucial role in the progression and growth of HCC, and the strategies to inhibit this pathway may facilitate the development of new and effective treatments for HCC patients.
Cost‐raising internalization in supply chain design
Authors: Geng Xin , Krishnan Harish , Queyranne Maurice 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigate the supply chain design decisions faced by a focal retailer that participates in a two‐tier supply chain with another competing retailer and a common upstream supplier. The operations literature has traditionally approached supply chain network design with the objective of minimizing the overall costs from a centralized standpoint. We study the strategic consequences of the focal retailer's supply chain design decisions, and demonstrate how pursuing “cost‐raising” internalization could be beneficial. We build a stylized game‐theoretic model that captures the cost implications of the focal retailer's internalization decisions, and analyze the impact of these decisions on the equilibrium outcome. Under various assumptions on the nature of retail competition and supply chain contracts, we obtain simple and intuitive sufficient conditions for the profitability of cost‐raising internalization. Moreover, we study how the intensity of horizontal and vertical competition, respectively, may influence the focal retailer's supply chain decisions. Finally, we examine the impact of cost‐raising internalization on consumer surplus and channel performance, and find that welfare may increase under certain conditions. Our results challenge the presumption that supply chains always benefit from lowering their costs and highlight the fact that strategic considerations can sometimes lead a firm to make cost‐raising decisions within its supply chain.
A message keyword extraction approach by accurate identification of field boundaries
Authors: Goo Young‐Hoon , Shim Kyu‐Seok , Lee Min‐Seob , Kim Myung‐Sup 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWith the recent exponential increase in internet speeds, the traditional network environment is evolving into a high‐capacity network environment. Network traffic usage is also increasing exponentially, as are new malicious behaviors and related applications. Most of these applications and malicious behaviors use unknown protocols for which the structure is inaccessible; hence, protocol reverse engineering is receiving increasing attention in the field of network management. Various approaches have been proposed, but they still suffer from misidentification of field boundaries. To understand message structures properly, it is important to identify accurately the boundaries of the fields constituting the protocol message; accurate keyword extraction based on this approach leads to the correct inference of message types, semantics, and state machine. In this study, we propose a message keyword extraction method using accurate identification of field boundaries from delimiter inference and statistical analysis. Through the identification of field boundaries, messages can be subdivided into fields. We evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method by applying it to several textual and binary protocols. The proposed method showed better results than did other previous studies for both textual and binary protocols.
Ground‐penetrating radar reflections and their archaeological significances at two ancient necropolis tombs in Kharga Oasis, Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim Hamza A. , Ebraheem Mohamed O. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThis study presents results of ground‐penetrating radar surveys conducted for the exploration of unexcavated tombs at the Kharga Oasis. These surveys were carried out on two ancient tombs. The first site, located in Labakha, is already excavated, while the second site, located in Gebel El‐Siwa, is still unexcavated. The goal of this study was to investigate the possibility of the existence of unexcavated tombs in Labakha, as well as the depth, extension and constituents of an unexcavated tomb in Gebel El‐Siwa. Ground‐penetrating radar measurements were carried out using a single‐channel system and the common offset approach. Based on the results obtained from our measurements using 200‐ and 400‐MHz antennae in Labakha, a detailed survey was carried out on the unexcavated tomb in Gebel El‐Siwa using a cart‐mounted 400‐MHz antenna system. 2D ground‐penetrating radar profiles were acquired and subsequently processed and interpreted. Isolated reflections could be identified. Lateral continuity of the reflections could be observed only through comparative analyses of the adjacent scans. By doing so, the remnants of the two tombs became easier to correlate. Two ground‐penetrating radar anomalies could be detected in the archaeological site of Gebel El‐Siwa; these anomalies are probably caused by a nearby tomb. By correlating the obtained data with the archaeological knowledge of the discoveries made in the surrounding areas, it was possible to interpret the linear reflectors as to be caused by the tomb. This study has been useful in providing archaeologists with information on the expression of this type of ancient Egyptian necropolis tombs at Kharga.
New onset diabetes presenting with DKA, spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema: a case series
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Khan Shaila , Chicco Maria , Peters Christopher , Oliver Nicholas , Reddy Monika 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHamman's syndrome, first described by Dr Louis Hamman in 1939, is a syndrome of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. It is a rare complication of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and self‐resolves within days with conservative management. Limited awareness about this condition may lead to an initial misdiagnosis of secondary pneumomediastinum due to spontaneous oesophageal perforation (Boerhaave's syndrome), which is associated with high mortality and often requires invasive management. It is important to distinguish between the two conditions to avoid unnecessary investigations, procedures and delays to hospital discharge.We hereby present our experience, between the years 2017–2019, of managing three cases of Hamman's syndrome, in young men aged 18–22 years, with no previous history of diabetes, presenting with severe vomiting, osmotic symptoms and a diagnosis of DKA. In all three cases the admission chest radiograph showed pneumomediastinum and in two of the cases surgical emphysema was also noted. The presentation with vomiting in association with the chest X‐ray findings raised a high index of suspicion for spontaneous oesophageal perforation. Consequently, they were kept nil‐by‐mouth for several days and cared for in high dependency settings. Total parenteral nutrition was initiated in two cases. Each individual underwent computer tomography of the chest, and sequential water‐soluble oral contrast swallow tests with no evidence of an oesophageal defect. The individuals were conservatively managed and discharged following a length of stay ranging from five to 14 days. Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons.
Depression and anxiety in mothers of home ventilated children before and during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ergenekon Almala Pinar , Yilmaz Yegit Cansu , Cenk Muruvvet , Bas Ikizoglu Nilay , Atag Emine , Gokdemir Yasemin , Erdem Eralp Ela , Karadag Bulent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDue to advances in technology, home ventilation in children has increased in recent years. The provision of proper care for a home‐ventilated (HV) child can have a strong impact on the lifestyle of caregivers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the depression and anxiety levels of the mothers of HV children during the current COVID‐19 pandemic and compare them to those of mothers of healthy peers.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on HV children (n = 21) and a control group of healthy peers (n = 32) by means of a questionnaire completed by the mothers of the children of both groups. Psychometric scales, such as the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐State (STAI‐S), and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐Trait (STAI‐T), were used to assess participants.ResultsDuring the pandemic signs of depression were present in 8 (38.1%) of the case group and 8 (25%) of the healthy control group. Comparison of the BDI scores from before and during the pandemic showed no difference between mothers of the HV children (p = .09). Scores for BDI and STAI‐T were higher in the case group than in the control group, whereas there was no significant difference in STAI‐S scores.ConclusionDepression and anxiety levels of mothers of HV children were found to be higher during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Economic, medical, and social support resources are needed to reduce levels of depression and anxiety and help mothers of those children dependent on technology.
Atomic Fisher information and entanglement forecasting for quantum system based on artificial neural network and time series model
Authors: Abdel‐khalek S. , Alhag Azhri , Ragab Mahmoud , Abo‐Dahab S. M. , Algarni Ali , Ahmad Hijaz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, we apply a statistical model for forecasting the quantum entanglement between a two‐qubit and optical field in binomial distribution. We explore the link between the atomic Fisher information, quantum entropy, and the statistical properties of the field. The qubit‐qubit entanglement is investigated through concurrence during the interaction time. The dynamics of the statistical quantities will be forecasted using the time series and neural network models. The effect of the field distribution parameter (number of successes) is examined by the time series models and artificial neural network. We compare the accuracy of both modes from the perspective of the dynamic of the quantum entropy and atomic Fisher information. A statistical description for the data has been obtained and is discussed to show the statistical technique analysis the data of statistical quantities. The results obtained have several applications and are related with quantum statistics and quantum information processing.
Robust model predictive control for multirate systems with model uncertainties and circular scheduling
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Song Yan , Wei Guoliang 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this article, the robust model predictive control (RMPC) problem on the basis of output feedback (OF) is dealt with for a class of multirate time‐varying systems with polyhedral uncertainties and limited‐bandwidth channels. For alleviating the communication burden caused by the limited transmission capacity, the Round‐Robin (RR) protocol is exploited to allocate transmission permissions in a pre‐scheduled order. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the communication cost while ensuring the system performance, the multirate mechanism is presented to govern the update rate of the plant and the sampling rate of the sensors. By means of the lifting technique, given a uniform sampling rate, a comprehensive augmentation system is established on the fixed moving horizon. The objective of the addressed RMPC problem is to design a set of OF‐based RMPC controllers such that, in the presence of the multirate scheme and the RR transmission protocol, the desirable performance is guaranteed. Then, the desired RMPC gains are directly obtained, with the help of inequality analysis technique and RR‐dependent Lyapunov‐like approach, to ensure the asymptotic convergence of system states. Two illustrative examples are given, which include a DC motor system and a numerical simulation example, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol‐based RMPC controller design strategy.
High‐order sliding‐mode control design homogeneous in the bi‐limit
Authors: Cruz‐Zavala Emmanuel , Moreno Jaime A. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWe provide a new Lyapunov‐based design of high‐order sliding‐mode (HOSM) controllers for a class of single‐input‐single‐output uncertain nonlinear systems. In contrast to the classical homogeneous HOSM controllers, the proposed design is based on approximating a system by homogeneous ones near the origin and far from it, that is, systems homogeneous in the bi‐limit, or bl‐homogeneous systems, for short. Based on this idea, and using appropriate control Lyapunov functions, a family of bl‐homogeneous HOSM controllers is designed. They are capable of establishing a sliding‐mode of arbitrary order in finite‐time. The proposed novel HOSM controllers improve robustness against persistently acting matched perturbations and enhance the convergence velocity of the controllers, allowing for fixed‐time convergence.
Integration of close‐range underwater photogrammetry with inspection and mesh processing software: a novel approach for quantifying ecological dynamics of temperate biogenic reefs
Authors: Ventura Daniele , Dubois Stanislas F. , Bonifazi Andrea , Jona Lasinio Giovanna , Seminara Marco , Gravina Maria F. , Ardizzone Giandomenico 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCharacterizing and monitoring changes in biogenic 3‐dimensional (3D) structures at multiple scales over time is challenging within the practical constraints of conventional ecological tools. Therefore, we developed a structure‐from‐motion (SfM)‐based photogrammetry method, coupled with inspection and mesh processing software, to estimate important ecological parameters of underwater worm colonies (hummocks) constructed by the sabellariid polychaete Sabellaria alveolata, using non‐destructive, 3D modeling and mesh analysis. High resolution digital images of bioconstructions (hummocks) were taken in situ under natural conditions to generate digital 3D models over different sampling periods to analyse the morphological evolution of four targeted hummocks. 3D models were analysed in GOM Inspect software, a powerful and freely available mesh processing software to follow growth as well as morphology changes over time of each hummock. Linear regressions showed 3D models only slightly overestimated the real dimensions of the reference objects with an average error < 5% between measured and model‐estimated dimensions for both length and volume. Manual inspection of models and semi‐automated surface‐to‐surface comparison allowed the computation of important metrics linked to the ecology of temperate reefs such as volume, surface area, surface complexity/rugosity, number and size of holes and creeks and the mean density of living worms per colony. Moreover we demonstrated the reliability of 3D surface complexity estimates against two linear rugosity measures: a traditional and a virtual variant of the ‘chain‐and‐tape’ method. Finally, besides 3D models deviation analysis via surface comparison, a Bayesian latent variable model approach was adopted to highlight the significative effects of sea state conditions on S. alveolata hummocks metrics. We demonstrated without damaging the benthic organisms that SfM approach allow continuous study of temperate bioconstruction leading to a fine description of short‐term structural modification mediated by hydrodynamics, making this technique accessible and repeatable to many other areas of ecological research.
Application methods influence biochar–fertilizer interactive effects on soil nitrogen dynamics
Authors: Li Xiuwen , Neupane Avishesh , Xu Sutie , Abdoulmoumine Nourredine , DeBruyn Jennifer M. , Walker Forbes , Jagadamma Sindhu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe potential nitrogen (N) losses from soils with fertilizer addition can be reduced when biochar is co‐applied, but this effect is influenced by the methods of biochar and fertilizer application. In a 60‐d laboratory incubation experiment, we investigated how two fertilizer application methods (surface placement and soil incorporation) affected N transformation in soils under the following treatments: control (soil with no biochar and urea [C]), biochar (150 mg N g−1 soil [B]), urea (150 mg N g−1 soil [U]), and the combination of B + U (75 mg N g−1 soil each B and U). Our results showed that at Day 30, the concentrations of soil NH4+–N and NO3−–N remained significantly higher for U but were relatively similar to control for biochar‐included treatments, indicating that the presence of biochar slowed the mineralization of urea during that period. The concentration of soil NO3−–N and cumulative N2O production under B + U treatment at 60 d was around two times higher for incorporation treatment compared with the surface treatment, indicative of a longer‐term N regulatory effect of biochar with the surface application method. Additionally, we observed a higher number of amoA gene transcripts when B + U was incorporated in the soil compared with applied to the surface at the later stage of incubation, indicative of higher potential nitrification activity. These results suggest that the surface application of B + U can be used as a slow release N source that can provide long‐term N supply to the crops, while the soil incorporation method could be used for crops that need low N at the beginning of the growth but require a substantial amount of it later. Surface co‐application of B + U can also be a good strategy to reduce soil N losses by slowing down ammonification, nitrification, N2O emission, and ammonia oxidizing bacteria activity.
“Saving lives or harming the healthy?” Overuse and fluctuations in routine medical screening
Authors: Karanfil Özge , Sterman John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTests to screen for certain diseases—for example, thyroid cancer screening, screening mammography, and screening of high blood pressure for hypertension—are increasingly common in medical practice. However, guidelines for routine screening are contentious for many disorders and often fluctuate over time. Some tests are over‐ or underused compared to available evidence that justifies their use, with clinical practice persistently deviating from evidence‐based guidelines. Here we develop an integrated, broad boundary feedback theory and formal model to explain the dynamics of routine population screening including fluctuations in policy‐decision thresholds and the expansion of selection criteria which may lead to inappropriate use. We present a behaviorally realistic, boundedly rational model of detection and selection for medical screening that explains the potential of endogenous oscillations in practice guidelines as decision‐makers—including epidemiologists, clinicians, and patients, or policymakers from guideline issuing organizations, perceive harms and benefits from potential outcomes and make trade‐offs between sensitivity and specificity by altering the existing guidelines and actual practice. The model endogenously generates fluctuations in screening indications, test thresholds, test efficiency, and the target screening population, leading to long periods during which practice guidelines are suboptimal even if the underlying evidence base is constant. We use cancer screening as a motivating example, but the model is generic with a wide range of potential applications for important managerial problems in medical contexts, such as screening for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and related dementia. It also applies to other managerial problems in nonmedical contexts, such as airport screening, background checks, tax audits, automotive emission tests, contentious jurisdiction, or to consumers of other kinds of information who need to make a decision—on behalf of an individual, or for the whole population. © 2020 System Dynamics Society
When young soldiers drink: The impact of legal access to alcohol among U.S. Army soldiers
Authors: Bacolod Marigee , Cunha Jesse M. , Shen Yu‐Chu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the impacts of legal access to alcohol on young U.S. Army soldiers. Regression discontinuity estimates reveal that soldiers report a large and significant increase in alcohol consumption after their 21st birthday; however, we precisely estimate that there are no meaningful impacts of legal access on any of the short‐term outcomes we observe, including suicidal tendencies, depression, tobacco use, physical fitness, psychological health, fitness for combat deployment, and job‐related infractions. Novel data on soldier's cognitive ability, psychological health, and family history allow us to explore whether the impacts of legal access vary by risk factors for alcohol abuse. While the increases in alcohol consumption were largest among those who had a family history of mental health problems, had better coping ability, and had higher cognitive ability, these subgroups did not uniformly experience adverse behavioral and physical outcomes upon gaining legal access to alcohol.