bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Lesion of Ameloblastoma and Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour (AOT): Report of Two Cases from a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Adesina Olufunlola Motunrayo , Fatusi Olawunmi Adedoyin , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Adejobi Francis Adewale 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Hybrid lesions are lesions showing the combined histopathological characteristics of two or more previously recognized odontogenic tumours and /cysts of different categories. Hybrid lesions do exist because of close interrelationship of several odontogenic lesions and also because odontogenic tumors and cysts can arise at any stage of odontogenesis. The objective of this study was to present 2 cases of hybrid odontogenic tumour that is composed of adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) and ameloblastoma.
Case Reports:
Case 1: A 33year old female patient with a bucco-lingual swelling in the left mandibular premolar-molar-ramus regions of 13years duration. The lesion measured about 15x5x3cm, it is non tender. Surgical specimen revealed hybrid lesion of granular cell type ameloblastoma and AOT.
Case 2: An 18year old female patient with a painless right mandibular molar-ramus swelling of 10years duration. Mandibulectomy specimen measured about 11 cm x 8.5 cm x 5 cm and was found to be hybrid lesion of acanthomatous ameloblastoma and AOT.
Conclusion: Both cases had a very long clinical duration and showed more buccal bone expansion with barely noticeable lingual bone expansion. With such clinical scenarios, a suspicion of hybrid tumour should be made.
The Way You Perceive Your Body Matters: Interventions Aimed to Reduce Body Dissatisfaction
Authors: Herceg Lucijana , Clark Mitchell 
Published: June 2020

Aims: To determine if brief interventions of cognitive dissonance, media literacy, and a mindful body scan can reduce body dissatisfaction among female undergraduate students and whether mindfulness, emotion regulation, positive and negative affect, and media literacy levels have an impact on body appreciation.
Study Design: The present study used an experimental design and included three intervention groups and an active control group.
Place and Duration of Study: Centre for Psychological Innovation at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Alberta, Canada from January 17th to March 6th, 2020.
Methodology: 78 female participants between the ages of 17 to 49 years with a mean age of 21 years (SD = 5.16). All participants underwent a body dissatisfaction induction procedure and completed self-report questionnaires on body satisfaction (using the Body Appreciation Scale), mindfulness (using the Five Facet Mindfulness Scale), emotion regulation (using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation), positive and negative affect (using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), and media literacy (using the Critically Thinking About Media Messages, Media Attitudes Questionnaire, and the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire).
Results: Three separate multiple linear regression tests revealed that there were differences in the variables predicting body appreciation scores at Time1, F(7, 70) = 12.09, p < .001, Time 2, F(7, 70) = 14.74, p< .001, and Time3, F(7, 70) = 15.07, p < .001. A one-way ANOVA revealed that body appreciation scores increased for all four conditions after completion of the intervention, F(1, 76) = .069, p = .793 but not after the body dissatisfaction induction procedure or before the intervention.
Conclusion: These findings confirm that negative affect and low levels of media literacy contribute to feelings of body dissatisfaction and that brief periods of steering the mind away from the body lead to increases in body appreciation.
Mangifera indica (Mango) Bark Therapy Potentiates Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ajani Rotimi Sunday , Olateju Opeyemi Jeremiah 
Published: June 2020

Objective: One of the debilitating complications of diabetes mellitus is chronic foot ulcer. Mangifera indica (Mango) is a naturally occurring and widely cultivated plant with many health benefits attributable to its parts. The wound healing potential of its bark in adult diabetic rats was investigated.
Methods: The excised wounds of diabetic adult female wistar rats in groups of six were dressed with mango bark powder (MPD), mango bark ethanolic extract (MED), sofratulle (SD) and normal saline (ND) daily till healed. The corresponding control groups were MPC, MEC, SC and NC respectively. Every three days, the mean wound contraction rates were calculated from the measured wound areas. Granulation tissue was biopsied from an animal per group on day 3, 6 and 9 for histopathological evaluation and after healing, the scars of the remaining animals were biopsied for histology.
Results: The M. indica bark powder contained greater quantity of coumarins than the ethanolic extract; with terpenoids and steroids detected only in the powder. The MPD group had the highest mean wound contraction rates for the specified period. The mean wound contraction rates for the MPC group were significantly higher than those of the MED. The granulation tissues of the MPD and MPC groups had similar microscopic features to those of MEC, MED, SC, SD, NC and ND. Microscopy of the wound scars showed stratified squamous epithelia with abundant collagen fibres and blood vessels with dermal appendages seen in some of the groups.
Conclusion: Findings from this study showed that the M. indica bark.
Examination of Bacterial Pathogens an in Intensive Care Unit of a Military Hospital in Alkharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: June 2020

Aim: The present study was undertaken to identify the most common infectious agents for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients in a military hospital in Alkharj – Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: This study was conducted in a military hospital in Alkharj – Saudi Arabia. Identification of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was performed with standard microbiological methods.
The isolates that are collected from ICU from blood, urine and other samples in the year 2019 are included.
Results: Out of 992 bacterial isolates only 6.15% were collected from ICU. The majority of the bacteria that were found in the ICU were Gram-positive bacteria. The most common bacteria that were found in ICU were Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.
Conclusion: We found differences in the prevalence of bacteria in the ICU compared to other studies. The predominant bacteria in ICU were Staphylococcus aureus. The present data could help physicians to know the causative organisms and to administer the most suitable antibiotics for treatment of nosocomial infections in Alkharj area after knowing the susceptibility rate of bacteria to different antibiotics.
Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated in 2018 from Patients in a Military Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. 
Published: June 2020

Aim: The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of bacterial pathogens isolated from patients in a military hospital in Alkharj.
Methodology: This was a retrospective study conducted to describe the prevalence of bacterial pathogens in 2018. Clinical culture results were collected from laboratory in a military hospital from 01-01-2018 to31-12-2018.
Results: The most common bacteria were Escherichia coli bacteria followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram negative bacteria were collected mainly by urine culture while gram positive bacteria were collected mainly from wound/pus/skin cultures.
Conclusion: In general, from this study it can be concluded that the rate of bacterial infections is high. It is important to follow the healthcare professional recommendations such as hand washing and other measures to prevent the occurrence of infections. Moreover, health care professional should know the causative bacteria to give the appropriate treatment.
Effects of increased intraocular pressure on rat retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Ahmed Farid A.K.M. , Chaudhary P. , Sharma S.C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe effects of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) on the morphology of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was analyzed in this study. After cauterizing two limbal derived episcleral veins, IOP in experimental eyes was elevated 1.5–1.8 times that of control. RGCs of experimental and control eyes were analyzed after: bilateral tectal injections of Fluoro‐Gold, and application of fluorescent dye crystals, 4‐Di‐10‐ASP to the proximal stump of the cut optic nerve, at different time intervals after IOP elevation. The RGCs in control and experimental eyes were evaluated at 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks by counting, as well as by determining the soma diameter. The dendritic field of three types (I, II, III) of RGCs between control and experimental eyes were also studied at 4,6,10 weeks after IOP elevation. At every time point, the number of cells in experimental eyes were significantly less than those of the control eyes. The average retinal ganglion cell death was 3–4% per week in the eyes with elevated IOP. The soma and dendritic field diameter of the RGCs in the experimental eyes were significantly larger in all cell types. However, types I and III cells expanded their dendritic fields more rapidly than type II cells. Furthermore, dendritic fields of surviving RGCs in experimental eyes occupied about the same extent of the retina as the controls. The increase in soma diameter and expansion of dendritic fields in the remaining RGCs in eyes with elevated IOP suggests the existence of plasticity in adult retina.
Relationship between blood magnesium and psychomotor retardation in drug-free patients with major depression
Authors: Widmer J , Henrotte JG , Raffin Y , Mouthon D , Chollet D , Stépanian R , Bovier P 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn previous reports, we have observed that blood magnesium was significantly higher in drug-free patients with major depression when compared to healthy controls. This was especially true for erythrocyte magnesium. Furthermore, the most severely depressed patients had the highest intracellular magnesium content, showing that intracellular magnesium rate was related to the intensity of symptoms. We report here the results of blood magnesium measured in 88 major depressed patients as compared to 61 controls. We show that the mean erythrocyte and also plasma magnesium contents are both increased in these patients. We observe that about 40% of male and female patients have a very significant increase (25%) in intracellular magnesium content as compared to controls. However, about 60% of the hospitalised depressed patients have normal values. None of the controls has high erythrocyte magnesium. This is less evident concerning the plasma magnesium. No differences are observed between patients when classified according to the intensity of moral pain or anxiety. In contrast, the patients with mild to high psychomotor retardation score, which is an index of hypoexcitability, have significant higher erythrocyte magnesium values compared with other patients. The results of male patients without psychomotor retardation do not differ from control values. Our study suggests that central hypoexcitability might be related to an increase in intracellular magnesium observed at the peripheral level, keeping in mind that hyperexcitability, as observed in various conditions such as stress and cardiovascular disorders, is frequently associated, in contrast, with a decrease in blood magnesium.
Thin‐Film Formation Techniques
Authors: Ruzybayev Inci , Ceylan Abdullah , Rumaiz Abdul K. , Shah Syed Ismat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThin films are commonly utilized in industries such as electronics, packaging, decoration, and protection. The two primary techniques for thin‐film deposition include physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The selection and application of a particular technique depends on the desired properties of thin films. For example, for electronic applications where via filling is a requirement, preference is for the CVD process where gaseous precursor finds its way to all spaces, forming a uniform thin film on the whole topography. PVD techniques have limitation that the substrate surface has to be in the line of sight of the incoming flux. Contoured surfaces require special source and substrate manipulation for conformal coatings. Likewise, where large flat surface area coverage is needed, like thin films on decorative window glass, a simpler process such as PVD, both as evaporation and sputtering, is preferred over CVD. This article describes PVD and CVD techniques and their multiple variants. PVD processes, evaporation, sputtering, and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with their variants, ion plating and high‐power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS), form the first part of the article, whereas the second part contains descriptions of CVD processes, including metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and plasma‐assisted (or enhanced) chemical vapor deposition (PACVD). Notably absent in this article are molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), a PVD process and atomic layer epitaxy (ALE), a CVD process. These are very controlled deposition processes and require sophisticated control hardware. It is this sophistication that requires MBE and ALD to be dealt separately and, therefore, not included in this article.
Adenoviruses – Infection, pathogenesis and therapy
Authors: Greber Urs F. 
Published: June 2020

Both well‐known and emerging viruses increasingly affect humans and cause disease, sometimes with devastating impact on society. The viruses present in the biosphere are the top predators in the life chain, virtually without enemies, except perhaps the immune system, and harsh environmental physicochemical conditions restricting their dissemination. We know a lot about viruses, but do we know enough? This series of reviews is dedicated to adenoviruses (AdVs), a family of nonenveloped DNA viruses occurring in vertebrates, including humans. AdVs have been the focus of intense research for more than 67 years. Besides causing disease, they have immensely contributed to the advance of life sciences and medicine over the past decades. Recently, AdVs have been widely used as vehicles in gene therapy and vaccination. They continue to provide fundamental insights into virus–host interactions in cells, tissues and organisms, as well as systems and metabolic networks. This special issue of FEBS Letters presents a unique collection of 23 state‐of‐the‐art review articles by leading adenovirologists. In this prelude, I present the chapters, which provide a solid basis for further exploring the rich heritage in adenovirus molecular cell biology, structural biology, genetics, immunology, gene therapy and epidemiology. I conclude with an essential discussion of six blind spots in adenovirology.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis TetR family transcriptional regulator Rv1019 is a negative regulator of the mfd‐mazG operon encoding DNA repair proteins
Authors: Pushparajan Akhil Raj , Ramachandran Ranjit , Gopi Reji Jijimole , Ajay Kumar Ramakrishnan 
Published: June 2020

Rv1019, a member of an uncharacterized tetracycline resistance regulator family of transcriptional regulators of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, was found to be differentially expressed during dormancy and reactivation in vitro. In this study, we show that this protein binds to its own promoter and acts as a negative regulator of its own expression. It forms dimers in vitro which is essential for the DNA binding activity. We also show that Rv1019 and downstream genes Rv1020 (mfd) and Rv1021 (mazG) are cotranscribed. Constitutive expression of Rv1019 in M. smegmatis downregulated MSMEG_5423 (mfd) and MSMEG_5422 (mazG), suggesting that Rv1019 negatively regulates these downstream genes which encode key proteins involved in DNA repair. M. smegmatis expressing Rv1019 was found to be sensitive to DNA‐damaging environments, suggesting its role in regulating the DNA damage response in mycobacterium.
TERT C228T mutation in non‐malignant bladder urothelium is associated with intravesical recurrence for patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Fujita Kazutoshi , Nojima Satoshi , Tomiyama Eisuke , Matsushita Makoto , Koh Yoko , Nakano Kosuke , Wang Cong , Ishizuya Yu , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Kawashima Atsunari , Ujike Takeshi , Uemura Motohide , Imamura Ryoichi , Morii Eiichi , Nonomura Norio 
Published: June 2020

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations are frequently found in tumors or urine from patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC). TERT promoter mutations are also detected in urine from patients with no evidence of cancer but are associated with subsequent UC development. Mutations in the TERT promoter are thought to be present in nonmalignant urothelium (NMU) during early stages of tumor formation prior to pathological change, but this has not been proven directly. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we investigated the clinical utility of TERT promoter mutation analysis in NMU of patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This single‐institute study included 53 primary tumors and 428 systematic bladder biopsy specimens from 54 patients with NMIBC. All patients underwent systematic random biopsy and transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. Genomic DNA was analyzed for TERT C228T and C250T mutations using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). The association between TERT promoter mutation of NMU and bladder recurrence was examined by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Of the 54 patients, 16 (29.6%) had a TERT C228T mutation and three (5.6%) had a TERT C250T mutation in NMU. Of 428 biopsy specimens, the TERT C228T mutation was detected in 9% (31/364) of normal urothelium, 27% (4/15) of urothelial dysplasia (UD), 50% (9/18) of UD suspicious for carcinoma in situ (CIS), and 58% (18/31) of CIS. During follow‐up (median: 3.7 years), 22 (40.7%) patients experienced bladder recurrence and five (9.3%) experienced disease progression. Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that TERT C228T mutation in NMU was significantly associated with bladder recurrence after adjustment for cofounding factors (P = 0.0128). Thus, TERT C228T mutation was detected in NMU, which was a reliable independent prognostic factor of bladder tumor recurrence.
Pericyte‐secreted IGF2 promotes breast cancer brain metastasis formation
Authors: Molnár Kinga , Mészáros Ádám , Fazakas Csilla , Kozma Mihály , Győri Fanni , Reisz Zita , Tiszlavicz László , Farkas Attila E. , Nyúl‐Tóth Ádám , Haskó János , Krizbai István A. , Wilhelm Imola 
Published: June 2020

Brain metastases are life‐threatening complications of triple‐negative breast cancer, melanoma, and a few other tumor types. Poor outcome of cerebral secondary tumors largely depends on the microenvironment formed by cells of the neurovascular unit, among which pericytes are the least characterized. By using in vivo and in vitro techniques and human samples, here we show that pericytes play crucial role in the development of metastatic brain tumors by directly influencing key steps of the development of the disease. Brain pericytes had a prompt chemoattractant effect on breast cancer cells and established direct contacts with them. By secreting high amounts of extracellular matrix proteins, pericytes enhanced adhesion of both melanoma and triple‐negative cancer cells, which might be particularly important in the exclusive perivascular growth of these tumor cells. In addition, pericytes secreted insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF2), which had a very significant pro‐proliferative effect on mammary carcinoma, but not on melanoma cells. By inhibiting IGF2 signaling using silencing or picropodophyllin (PPP), we could block the proliferation‐increasing effect of pericytes on breast cancer cells. Administration of PPP (a blood–brain barrier‐permeable substance) significantly decreased the size of brain tumors in mice inoculated with triple‐negative breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results indicate that brain pericytes have significant pro‐metastatic features, especially in breast cancer. Our study underlines the importance of targeting pericytes and the IGF axis as potential strategies in brain metastatic diseases.
Transthyretin increases migration and invasion of rat placental trophoblast cells
Authors: Ma Xiao‐Peng , Liu Chong‐Dong , Cao Guang‐Ming , Zhang Zhen‐Yu 
Published: June 2020

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Early diagnosis of PE is currently contingent on regular prenatal physical examinations and may be facilitated by identification of novel diagnostic markers. Transthyretin (TTR), also known as prealbumin, is primarily responsible for maintaining the normal levels of thyroxine and retinol binding protein. The expression of TTR is lower in patients with severe PE as compared with healthy controls. Here, we examined the suitability of TTR as a diagnostic marker in pregnant hypertensive rats. N′‐nitro‐l‐arginine‐methylesterhydrochloride (l‐NAME) was used to generate a rat model of hypertension during pregnancy. Rat placental trophoblast cells were divided into control and TTR groups for in vitro experiments. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure and urinary protein of hypertensive pregnant rats were higher than those of healthy pregnant rats, but these effects could be reversed by TTR treatment. There were no significant changes in blood pressure and urinary protein in healthy pregnant rats before or after TTR treatment. TTR levels in the serum and placental tissues of pregnant hypertensive rats were significantly reduced compared with those of healthy pregnant rats. Changes in placental and fetal weights in the hypertensive model could also be rescued by TTR treatment. TTR treatment significantly increased the level of matrix metalloproteinase‐2/9 in hypertensive rats. Finally, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that TTR effectively increased the migration and invasion of rat placental trophoblast cells, as well as matrix metalloproteinase‐2/9 levels in these cells. In conclusion, our data from a rat model suggest that TTR may have potential as a novel marker for PE diagnosis.