bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a Low-Intensity Intervention to Influence Antibiotic Prescribing Rates Use in Outpatient Settings: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Bej Taissa A , Wilson Brigid M , Akpoji Ukwen C , Mongilardi Nicole , Chengsupanimit Tayoot (Todd) , Song Sunah , Kowal Corinne , Stryczek Krysttel C , Hearns Rene , Honsberger Mark , Wilkerson Tai-Lyn , Firestone Christine , Subramaniam Soumya , Stevenson Lauren , Ball Sherry L , Jump Robin L P , Perez Federico 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary care providers (PCPs) may modify their antibiotic prescription practices if aware of their potentially damaging impact.

Methods
We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial at 12 Veterans Affairs community-based outpatient clinics. PCPs at clinics randomized to the intervention group received quarterly antibiotic use reports with feedback about antibiotics prescribed for acute respiratory infections and adverse event letters alerting about Clostridioides difficile infection or antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria among their patients. The main outcome, antibiotic prescriptions in primary care visits, was compared in the preintervention (April–September 2020), intervention (October 2020 to September 2021), and postintervention periods (September 2021 to September 2022).

Results
Among 52 PCPs at 6 clinics in the intervention group, 66% (33 of 52) and 54% (28 of 52) received ≥1 antibiotic use report and adverse event letter. In the intervention clinics, the proportion of primary care visits with antibiotic prescription during the preintervention, intervention, and postintervention periods was 1.4% (1088 of 77 697), 1.4% (2051 of 147 858), and 1.3% (1692 of 131 530). In the control clinics, this increased from 1.8% (1560 of 87 897) to 2.1% (3707 of 176 825) and 2.1% (3418 of 162 979), respectively, during the intervention and postintervention periods. The rate of visits with antibiotic prescription did not differ in the preintervention period (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.10 [.87–1.39); P = .43) but did during the intervention (1.30 [1.04–1.62]; P = .022) and postintervention periods (1.38 [1.09–1.74]; P = .007). There were no differences in emergency department visits and hospitalizations.

Conclusions
PCPs from clinics assigned to a low-intensity intervention combining comparative feedback with adverse event notifications had lower antibiotic prescription rates.
“Never let a good crisis go to waste”: the effects of unanticipated police reform during the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived community willingness to obey the law and cooperate with the police
Authors: Kutnjak Ivković Sanja , Wu Yuning , Vincent Liu Yang , Kotlaja Marijana , Chang Kuang-Ming , Sun Ivan Y , Neyroud Peter , Maskály Jon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explores the effects of the COVID-19-driven reform in reactive activities (i.e. in-person handling of calls, arrests for minor crimes) and proactive activities (i.e. in-person community policing and problem-solving activities) on the perceived community willingness to obey the law and cooperate with the police. We use a 2021 in-person survey of 600 police officers from China and 613 police officers from Taiwan and employ confirmatory factor analysis to estimate the endogenous measures of procedural justice and public compliance and cooperation. We find that, for reactive activities, although reductions in the in-person handling of calls and arrests for minor crimes do not shape perceived levels of procedural justice, they have direct correlations with increased perceived community compliance/cooperation. The indirect effects show that a decrease in the in-person handling of calls has a total, positive effect on cooperation, and this effect is all through improved procedural justice. Meanwhile, a reduction in the number of arrests for minor crimes does not exert a total or indirect effect on cooperation. For proactive activities, a reduction in community policing and problem-solving activities does not influence perceived public compliance/cooperation directly. However, it exerts a positive, both total and indirect, effect on compliance/cooperation.
Higher risk of poor functional outcome and unfavourable clinical events for late-onset rheumatoid arthritis: results from the IORRA cohort
Authors: Sugitani Naohiro , Tanaka Eiichi , Inoue Eisuke , Abe Mai , Sugano Eri , Saka Kumiko , Ochiai Moeko , Yamaguchi Rei , Ikari Katsunori , Yamanaka Hisashi , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To compare treatment outcomes in patients with late-onset RA (LORA) and younger-onset RA (YORA).

Methods
We analyzed patients diagnosed with early RA (disease duration &lt; 2 years) between 2000 and 2016 in the Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis (IORRA) cohort. Patients were categorized into LORA (onset at ≥65 years) and YORA (onset at &lt;65 years). The primary outcomes were changes in Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Japanese version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (J-HAQ) at Year 5. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of prespecified adverse events.

Results
Methotrexate, biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and glucocorticoids were used in 70.6, 8.4 and 38.0% of the LORA group (n = 813, median age: 71 years), and 81.6, 19.4 and 32.0% of the YORA group (n = 2457, median age: 51 years). Both groups exhibited significant initial improvements in CDAI and J-HAQ scores. At Year 5, mean CDAI scores were 4.39 and 4.03 for the LORA and YORA groups, respectively. J-HAQ score for YORA remained stable below 0.5 after Year 2, whereas that for LORA worsened progressively. At Year 5, mean J-HAQ scores were 0.56 for LORA and 0.33 for YORA. Patients with LORA had a higher incidence of adverse events, with adjusted hazard ratios of 4.70 for death and 2.58 for malignancy.

Conclusions
Patients with LORA and YORA exhibited similar improvements in disease activity over 5 years; however, those with LORA demonstrated a more pronounced decline in physical function.
Digital economy, international openness, and innovation capability: empirical evidence from Urban China
Authors: Dong Guowei , Zhang Yanlei , Shi Yongjiang , Sun Tara Qian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Using urban panel data from 2011 to 2019 in China, this study employs various econometric models to analyze the impact and mechanism of digital economy (DE) development on urban innovation capabilities. The empirical results show that DE development significantly bolsters urban innovation in China, a finding that remains consistent even after conducting rigorous robustness tests, such as using historical data as instrumental variables. Importantly, an analysis using the spatial Durbin model reveals a positive spatial spillover effect—DE development in one city enhancing innovation capabilities in neighboring cities. This effect not only diminishes the regional innovation gap but also stimulates regional coordinated innovation. The study also illustrates that a city’s degree of international openness enhances the positive impact of DE development on urban innovation capabilities. This highlights that promoting regional openness is an important mechanism to facilitate the beneficial effect of DE development on urban innovation capabilities. Providing both theoretical foundation and empirical evidence for the impact of DE development, this paper contributes valuable insights into promoting innovation-driven development via digital ecosystem empowerment, formulating differentiated DE strategies, and maximizing the spatial spillover effects of the DE.
The Sociology of Property Value in a Climate-Changed United States
Authors: Elliott Rebecca 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
In the United States, individual and collective economic well-being is closely tied to homeownership. But there is an emerging set of complex issues where climate impacts intersect with housing markets. As climate disasters hit with greater intensity and frequency, the economic effects will be felt not only as the underlying assets are damaged or destroyed, but also as those experiences, and expectations of similar ones to come, are “priced in” to the judgments of what homes are worth. Drawing on scholarship on economic valuation, racism and housing markets, and homeownership in American political economy and culture, I outline a sociology of property value that can help us approach this matter analytically as it unfolds empirically. This approach allows us to see how social actors shape the climate-changed world by determining whether, how, and with what effects property values change. I illustrate these potential contributions through application to a court case in which the question of what was happening to property value—and whether, by extension, proximity to the water is an amenity or a risk—was the primary point of contention. The implications open onto fundamental questions about the future of safe and secure housing in a climate-changed United States.
Combination of 3 probiotics restores attenuated adult neurogenesis in germ-free mice
Authors: Namihira Masakazu , Inoue Nana , Watanabe Yohei , Hayashi Takuto , Murotomi Kazutoshi , Hirayama Kazuhiro , Sato Naoki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating brain function and adult neurogenesis. Although probiotics have recently been reported as effective against certain psychiatric disorders, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In particular, the combination of 3 probiotic strains, Bacillus subtilis TO-A, Enterococcus faecium T-110, and Clostridium butyricum TO-A, hereafter referred to as ProB3, has been reported to potentially alleviate psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Herein, we show that ProB3 promotes adult neurogenesis in mice and restores its dysregulation in germ-free (GF) mice. ProB3 colonization in GF mice enhanced the proliferation of adult neural stem cells compared to specific-pathogen-free and GF mice. Furthermore, ProB3 colonization was sufficient to ameliorate the arrest of newborn neuron maturation and the diminution of quiescent neural stem cells in GF mice. ProB3 colonization in mice increased the levels of several metabolites in the blood, including theanine and 3-hydroxybutyrate, and imidazole peptides, including anserine, which promoted proliferation, neurogenesis, and maturation of newborn neurons in cultured human fetus neural stem cells, as well as mouse adult hippocampal neural stem cells. Collectively, these results indicate that the essential role of the gut microbiota in adult hippocampal neurogenesis can be effectively complemented by the intake of a specific 3-strain probiotic, ProB3, providing novel insights into the brain–gut axis.
False-positive dengue non-structural protein 1 in pregnancy
Authors: Sia Tonnii , Wong Tze-cheng , Ong Yee-chiing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dengue is a vector-borne infection, which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in endemic areas. It manifests rapidly within 2 wk from febrile, critical to recovery phase. The point-of-care test (POCT) comprises the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen, IgM and IgG, which aids rapid diagnosis, leading to timely treatment. Despite the high specificity of various POCTs, a few false-positive NS1 cases have been reported. We report the first case of false-positive NS1 antigen in pregnancy. A 24-y-old female in her second trimester of pregnancy presented with fever and chills for 9 d and a non-productive cough for 3 d. The dengue POCT showed NS1 antigen positive, IgM and IgG negative. Her symptoms were resolved with treatment of urinary tract infection with cefuroxime. Urine culture subsequently yielded Escherichia coli. Her recovery and delivery were uneventful. Her NS1 antigen was persistently positive for 18 d. The confirmatory real time-PCR for dengue and pan-Flaviviruses was negative.
Climatic niche evolution and desert colonization in a South American lizard radiation
Authors: Araya-Donoso Raúl , Tamburrino Ítalo , San Juan Esteban , Lamborot Madeleine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Organisms in adaptive radiations are able to diversify and colonize multiple environments. Frequently, the evolution of key adaptations enables organisms to confront novel environmental challenges, promoting diversification. Here, we studied desert colonization in the Liolaemus radiation. We assessed the patterns of climatic niche evolution in the L. nigromaculatus section, one Liolaemus clade inhabiting the Atacama Desert. We found that evolution toward arid conditions occurred in two clades independently: one clade colonized the desert through warm coastal environments, and the other through cold highland environments on the Andes Mountains. The precipitation climatic niche evolved fast and early during this clade’s evolutionary history, following an early burst (EB) model of evolution, whereas the thermal climatic niche evolved under Brownian motion (BM) and at a lower rate. Additionally, we explored some features that could have facilitated desert colonization: a higher chromosome number was associated with warmer temperatures, lower selected body temperatures were associated with higher environmental temperatures and drier climates, larger and more elongated bodies with colder environments, and longer limbs and tails were associated with higher thermal variation. Our results highlight that organisms can confront challenging environments in multiple ways such that some niche axes may evolve faster during the colonization of novel environments, and that radiated groups may have the evolutionary potential to rapidly evolve these adaptations.
Immunoinformatics approach: Developing a multi‐epitope vaccine with novel carriers targeting monkeypox virus
Authors: Nejabat Sajjad , Khomartash Mehdi Shakouri , Mohammadimehr Mojgan , Adloo Zahra , Zanchi Fernando Berton , Ghorbani Mahdi , Nezafat Navid 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSince May 2022, the global spread of monkeypox virus (MPXV) has presented a significant threat to public health. Despite this, there are limited preventive measures available. In this study, different computational tools were employed to design a multi‐epitope vaccine targeting MPXV. Three key MPXV proteins, M1R, B6R, and F3L, were chosen for epitope selection, guided by bioinformatic analyses to identify immunodominant epitopes for T‐ and B‐cell activation. To enhance immune stimulation and facilitate targeted delivery of the vaccine to specific cells, the selected epitopes were linked to novel carriers, including the extracellular domain of cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4), a 12‐mer Clec9a binding peptide (CBP‐12), and a Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) peptide ligand. The designed vaccine construct exhibited strong antigenicity along with nonallergenic and nontoxic properties, with favorable physicochemical characteristics. The validated vaccine's tertiary structure underwent evaluation for interactions with CD80/86, Clec9a, and TLR2 through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The results ensured the vaccine's stability and high affinity for the aforementioned receptors. In silico immune simulations studies revealed robust innate and adaptive immune responses, including enhanced mucosal immunity essential for protection against MPXV. Ultimately, the DNA sequence of the vaccine construct was synthesized and successfully cloned into the pET‐22b(+) vector. Our study, through integration of computational predictions, suggests the proposed vaccine's potential efficacy in safeguarding against MPXV; however, further in vitro and in vivo validations are imperative to assess real‐world effectiveness and safety.
GS‐4997 halts the progression of tubulointerstitial injury in lupus nephritis
Authors: Xiao Zheng , Li Guoli , Fu Shuangshuang , Chen Yinyin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTubulointerstitial injury has been increasingly recognized as an important component in lupus nephritis (LN) pathology over the last decades. However, current clinical treatment options for this process remain limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential benefits of GS‐4997, a selective inhibitor of ASK1, in tubulointerstitial injury of LN. Female MRL/lpr mice were used as a classical lupus‐prone murine model. Development of nephritis was assessed by monitoring of proteinuria, renal function, and histologic analysis. GS‐4997 (50 mg/kg) or vehicle were treated orally. In vitro study, human kidney‐2 (HK‐2) cells were stimulated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic the response of renal tubular epithelial cells undergoing inflammatory responses during LN. GS‐4997 could inhibit the activation of the ASK1 in renal tubulointerstitium in MRL/lpr mice and LPS‐induced HK‐2 cells. GS‐4997 treatment improved renal function, proteinuria, and attenuated tubular injury, renal interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we found that in MRL/lpr mice, GS‐4997 reduced deposition of IgG and C3 in the kidneys, antibody levels in the serum, splenic enlargement, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the spleen. Mechanistically, GS‐4997 inhibited the activation of downstream signaling molecules, p38 and JNK, in the ASK1 signaling pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of ASK1 may prevent the progression of tubulointerstitial injury via inhibiting the ASK1/MAPK pathway in LN. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the potential use of GS‐4997 for LN treatment.
What rationale for treatment of occupational interstitial lung diseases with the drugs approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Authors: Bellani Serena , Spagnolo Paolo 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
To critically discuss the rationale for the use of drugs approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) to treat occupational interstitial lung diseases (OILDs).

Recent findings
Although IPF and OILDs share several clinical, radiological and probably pathogenetic features, currently, OILDs do not have a standard of care. In recent years, our knowledge and understanding of ILDs has improved substantially. Recently, the progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) phenotype, which refers to non-IPF fibrotic ILDs that progress despite appropriate treatment, has been defined. OILDs may also be progressive. Nintedanib, initially approved for treatment of IPF, is also approved in patients with PPF. On the other hand, pirfenidone is approved in IPF but not in PPF, due to the lack of robust evidence of efficacy in this patient subset.

Summary
OILDs are a large and highly heterogeneous group of conditions without a proper standard of care. Nintedanib may slow functional decline and disease progression in progressive OILDs, and new clinical trials are ongoing.
Bacteriophage Therapy for Acute Fracture-Related Infections: An Effective Treatment When Compared With Antibiotics in a Canine Model
Authors: Schweser Kyle , Bozynski Chantelle C. , Stoker Aaron M. , Gull Tamara , Duren Dana , Cook James L. 
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the effectiveness of bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of fracture related infections compared to antibiotic therapy in a preclinical canine model.

Design:

Preclinical controlled large-animal model study.

Outcome and Measures Comparison:

Clearance of bacteria based on CFU/g, callus formation based on radiographs and histomorphometry, callus maturity based on histomorphometry, and biofilm clearance based on semi-quantitative histomorphometry.

METHODS:
A canine model was used for this preclinical study examining bacteriophages specifically cultivated against Staphylococcus aureus (OJ1). Based on sample size calculations and ethical care and use of animals, bilateral 1-cm ulnar defects (n = 32; 16 dogs) were created and stabilized using plate and screw fixation. Implants were incubated in a suspension of biofilm-producing S. aureus (OJ1). After 3 weeks, bone samples from fracture sites were cultured and surgical sites underwent irrigation and debridement (I&D) with retention of hardware, followed by 1 of 4 treatments (n = 8 per group): no additional treatment, 6 weeks of parenteral antibiotics, 7 days of bacteriophage therapy, or combination antibiotic/bacteriophage therapy. At 11 weeks, dogs were humanely euthanatized and bacterial load, callus formation, and histomorphometry for callus maturity and biofilm formation were assessed using quantitative microbial bone cultures, radiography, and semi-quantitative histomorphometry.

RESULTS:
At 3 weeks, all dogs had confirmed infections. At 11 weeks, fractures that received bacteriophage therapy had statistically significant reductions in CFU/g when compared to those that did not receive bacteriophage. Fractures treated with bacteriophages had statistically significantly more robust callus formation on radiographs at 11 weeks, as well as, decreased biofilm formation and statistically significant increase in bone formation on histology/histomorphometry when compared to fractures that did not receive bacteriophages.

CONCLUSIONS:
Seven days of bacteriophage therapy was at least as good as 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy in terms of clearance of acute FRIs. It was superior in terms of reduction in CFU/g, better callus formation, and biofilm clearance.
Nanomedicine: The new trend and future of precision medicine for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Li Huanyu , Pan Meng , Li Yifan , Liang Hao , Cui Manli , Zhang Mingzhen , Zhang Mingxin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Nanomedicine is an interdisciplinary area that utilizes nanoscience and technology in the realm of medicine. Rapid advances in science and technology have propelled the medical sector into a new era. The most commonly used nanotechnology in the field of medicine is nanoparticles. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, nanoparticles offer significant benefits of precision medicine for diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease that cannot be effectively treated by existing approaches. Nanomedicine has emerged as a highly active research field, with extensive scientific and technological studies being carried out, as well as growing international competition in the commercialization of this field. The accumulation of expertise in the key technologies relating to nanomedicine would provide strategic advantages in the development of cutting-edge medical techniques. This review presented a comprehensive analysis of the primary uses of nanoparticles in medicine, including recent advances in their application for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, we discussed the challenges and possibilities associated with the application of nanoparticles in clinical settings.