bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel non-invasive method for estimating the local wave speed at a single site in the internal carotid artery
Authors: Ayadi Asma , Sahtout Wassila , Baledent Olivier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesLocal wave speed is a biomarker which provides an objective analysis of the cardiovascular function. The aim of this study was to determine the local wave speed in the internal carotid artery by a new non-invasive method that measures blood velocity waveform at only one site.MethodsFor this purpose, the cepstral analysis was employed to determine the arrival time of the reflection wave and the wave speed in the carotid artery. To validate our model, we applied it experimentally in vivo on young and old healthy subjects. The blood velocity waveform was measured by using phase-contrast magnetic resonance for 22 subjects.ResultsOur experimental results correlated with reference values reported in previous studies conducted on the internal arterial carotid usually adopting the invasive method. They also correlated with those obtained by using the foot-to-foot method (R2=0.72). The wave speed obtained by the method developed in this study and that of the foot-to-foot method increased with age (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe method developed in this study can be applied in the other arteries and it can also be used with other techniques such as ultrasound imaging.
Frequency decomposition and phase synchronization of the visual evoked potential using the empirical mode decomposition
Authors: Lee Byuckjin , Kim Byeongnam , Yoo Sun K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe phase characteristics of the representative frequency components of the Electroencephalogram (EEG) can be a means of understanding the brain functions of human senses and perception. In this paper, we found out that visual evoked potential (VEP) is composed of the dominant multi-band component signals of the EEG through the experiment.MethodsWe analyzed the characteristics of VEP based on the theory that brain evoked potentials can be decomposed into phase synchronized signals. In order to decompose the EEG signal into across each frequency component signals, we extracted the signals in the time-frequency domain with high resolution using the empirical mode decomposition method. We applied the Hilbert transform (HT) to extract the signal and synthesized it into a frequency band signal representing VEP components. VEP could be decomposed into phase synchronized δ, θ, α, and β frequency signals. We investigated the features of visual brain function by analyzing the amplitude and latency of the decomposed signals in phase synchronized with the VEP and the phase-locking value (PLV) between brain regions.ResultsIn response to visual stimulation, PLV values were higher in the posterior lobe region than in the anterior lobe. In the occipital region, the PLV value of theta band was observed high.ConclusionsThe VEP signals decomposed into constituent frequency components through phase analysis can be used as a method of analyzing the relationship between activated signals and brain function related to visual stimuli.
Osteoclast and osteoblast response to strontium-doped struvite coatings on titanium for improved bone integration
Authors: Moseke Claus , Wimmer Katharina , Meininger Markus , Zerweck Julia , Wolf-Brandstetter Cornelia , Gbureck Uwe , Ewald Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo develop implants with improved bone ingrowth, titanium substrates were coated with homogeneous and dense struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) layers by means of electrochemically assisted deposition. Strontium nitrate was added to the coating electrolyte in various concentrations, in order to fabricate Sr-doped struvite coatings with Sr loading ranging from 10.6 to 115 μg/cm2. It was expected and observed that osteoclast activity surrounding the implant was inhibited. The cytocompatibility of the coatings and the effect of Sr-ions in different concentrations on osteoclast formation were analyzedin vitro. Osteoclast differentiation was elucidated on morphological, biochemical as well as on gene expression level. It could be shown that moderate concentrations of Sr2+had an inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation, while the growth of osteoblastic cells was not negatively influenced compared to pure struvite surfaces. In summary, the electrochemically deposited Sr-doped struvite coatings are a promising approach to improve bone implant ingrowth.
Picture and text: on the “iconography” of sacred spaces in middle-Byzantine ekphraseis
Authors: Daskas Beatrice 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The present contribution engages with two representative examples of middle-Byzantine ekphraseis, Photios’ description of the Virgin of the Pharos and Leo VI’s account of the church founded by Stylianos Zautzes. It aims at showing how these texts suggest modes of viewing the sacred space and decoration that pose, more than settle, questions about images and pictures, their intended function, significance and impact within their specific cultural frames of reference. Far from being neutral and disengaged, these verbal representations have a specific agenda, which inflects the audience’s perception and interpretation of the decorated church space. Comparisons with coeval monumental evidence are also offered, in order to analyze textual and visual developments in parallel.
Characterisation of polyhedral products with finite generalised Postnikov decomposition
Authors: Iriye Kouyemon , Kishimoto Daisuke , Levi Ran 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A generalised Postnikov tower for a space X is a tower of principal fibrations with fibres generalised Eilenberg–MacLane spaces, whose inverse limit is weakly homotopy equivalent to X. In this paper we give a characterisation of a polyhedral product

Z
K

⁢

(
X
,
A
)

{Z_{K}(X,A)}

whose universal cover either admits a generalised Postnikov tower of finite length, or is a homotopy retract of a space admitting such a tower. We also include p-local and rational versions of the theorem. We end with a group theoretic application.
Automatische Evaluation der Humanübersetzung: BLEU vs. METEOR
Authors: Chung Hye-Yeon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Human evaluation (HE) of translation is generally considered to be valid, but it requires a lot of effort. Automatic evaluation (AE) which assesses the quality of machine translations can be done easily, but it still requires validation. This study addresses the questions of whether and how AE can be used for human translations. For this purpose AE formulas and HE criteria were compared to each other in order to examine the validity of AE. In the empirical part of the study, 120 translations were evaluated by professional translators as well as by two representative AE-systems, BLEU/ METEOR, respectively. The correlations between AE and HE were relatively high at 0.849** (BLEU) and 0.862** (METEOR) in the overall analysis, but in the ratings of the individual texts, AE and ME exhibited a substantial difference. The AE-ME correlations were often below 0.3 or even in the negative range. Ultimately, the results indicate that neither METEOR nor BLEU can be used to assess human translation at this stage. But this paper suggests three possibilities to apply AE to compromise the weakness of HE.
Chaotic photon spheres in non-Euclidean billiard
Authors: Wang Dongyang , Liu Changxu , Zhang Shuang , Chan Che Ting 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
With the advancement in understanding of the physics inside chaotic systems, chaos has been harnessed from a nuisance to a beneficial factor in optical devices. Light–matter interaction in chaotic systems has been utilised for improving broadband energy harvesting and momentum transformations, achieving light localization beyond diffraction limit and even stabilizing the dynamics of high power laser. While extensive study about wave chaos has been made in deformed microcavities, investigation of how chaos dynamics evolves in curved space manifold remains elusive. Here, we study the non-Euclidean billiard of a torus-like manifold, which is a closed 2D cavity system with effective periodic boundaries. The ray chaotic behaviours on the deformed toroidal surface are explored using the geodesic equation. By tuning the deformation parameter of the torus, we observe the transition of the billiard from the ordered phase state to mixed phase states and then complete ray chaos. The photon sphere of the torus is identified as the transition position from ordered states to chaotic states. Compared with other chaotic behaviours resulted from the random scattering inside deformed cavities, we demonstrate chaotic dynamics purely on a curved surface, which may shed light on the better understanding of chaos in optics.
The crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-4,4′-dipyridine-κ2
N,N′)-bis(3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-oxyacetato-κO)-bis(ethanol-κO)nickel(II)], C28H26Cl6N4NiO8
Authors: Li Jun-Xia , Du Zhong-Xiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C28H26Cl6N4NiO8, monoclinic, I
2/a (no. 15), a = 15.7577(10) Å, b = 12.6174(7) Å, c = 16.7333(10) Å, β = 99.609(6)Å, V = 3280.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0674, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1665, T = 291.2(3) K.
Heuristic decision of planned shop visit products based on similar reasoning method: From the perspective of organizational quality-specific immune
Authors: Liu Qiang , Lian Zhifeng , Guo Yu , Tang Shulin , Yang Feixue 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to reduce the maintenance time, cost, and scheduling distance and to determine the maintenance priority of planned shop visit products. This study introduces the concept of maintenance map, establishes the evaluation indicators system of maintenance map from the perspective of organizational quality-specific immune, and puts forward two key dimensions named maintenance plan and technical support of maintenance map. Based on the theoretical framework, construct a heuristic decision model of planned shop visit products based on similar reasoning, set the maintenance services data of Harbin Dongan Engine Co., Ltd., as research objects, and use the concrete schemes and cases to solve and carry out an empirical analysis of the heuristic decision of planned shop visit products based on similar reasoning with the help of the ant colony algorithm; the empirical analysis results indicate that maintenance map and evaluation indicators system are the fundamental basis of the heuristic decision based on similar reasoning, the combinations of similar reasoning and ant colony algorithm can achieve the optimal heuristic decision of planned shop visit products, which have effectiveness, feasibility, and operability. This research will be conductive to give out the heuristic decision of scheduling schemes of planned shop visit products, which will be beneficial to enhance maintenance efficiency and quality, promote learning effects and learning pattern paths, and reduce maintenance scheduling distances of planned shop visit products from the aspects of theoretical framework guidance, empirical system enlightenment, and conceptual paradigm reference.
Study of the mechanical-electrical-magnetic properties and the microstructure of three-layered cement-based absorbing boards
Authors: Sun Yafei , Peng Yueyue , Zhou Tianshu , Liu Hongwei , Gao Peiwei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a three-layered cement-based wave-absorbing board is designed and prepared by mixing wave-absorbing fillers such as nano-Si3N4, multi-layer nano graphene platelets (NGPs), nano-Ni, carbon fiber (CF) and carbon black (CB) into cement slurry. The effect of the amount of wave-absorbing fillers on the mechanical properties, resistivity and wave-absorbing reflectivity of cement slurry is studies. The microstructure of NGPs, nano-Si3N4 and the wave-absorbing board are characterized by TEM and SEM. Research shows that low content of NGPs and other wave-absorbing fillers can significantly reduce the resistivity of cement slurry and improve its mechanical strength, and dense massive crystals are precipitated in the cement hydration products. The reflectivity test reveals that in the frequency range of 2~18 GHz, the minimum reflectivity of the three-layered cement-based wave absorbing board reaches −18.8 dB, and the maximum bandwidth less than −10 dB reaches 15.3 GHz. This study can serve as reference for the preparation of new three-layered cement-based wave absorbing boards.
The involvement of the central nervous system in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Saleki Kiarash , Banazadeh Mohammad , Saghazadeh Amene , Rezaei Nima 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Coronaviruses disease (COVID-19) has caused major outbreaks. A novel variant, SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical presentations and pathological mechanisms of COVID-19 are broad. The respiratory aspect of the disease has been extensively researched. Emerging studies point out the possibility of the central nervous system (CNS) involvement by COVID-19. Here, we discuss the current evidence for CNS involvement in COVID-19 and highlight that the high pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 might be due to its neuroinvasive potential.
Spiritual Care in Containment-Zeiten
Authors: Frick Eckhard 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungMedizinische und politische Autoritäten behandeln die COVID-19-induzierte Ungewissheit durch Containment-Maßnahmen wie Social Distancing, Quarantäne, Abschirmung vulnerabler Populationen. Über diese abwehrende Bedeutung hinaus betrifft das englische Wort “to contain” den Menschen in seiner psycho-sozio-spirituellen Dimension: Wie „containen“, transformieren, transzendieren Subjekte die Erfahrung von Ungewissheit?Foucault unterscheidet zwischen dem autoritären Pest/Lepra- und dem liberaleren Pocken-Modell der politischen und medizinischen Bewältigung von Epidemien. In westlichen Industrieländern stimmt die Covid-19 Pandemie (2020) recht gut mit dem Pocken-Modell überein, indem sie den Bürgern eine gewisse Bewegungsfreiheit einräumt und über Eindämmungs-Maßnahmen informiert. Foucault zufolge üben medizinische und politische Autoritäten in pandemischen Krisen ihre „Pastoralmacht“ aus. Die „Herde“ der säkularen Pastoren („Hirten“) reagiert auf die Eindämmungsmaßnahmen durch Unterwerfung oder Widerstand, z. B. durch Spiritualität (Selbstsorge, Praktiken durch die das Subjekt an sich selbst die notwendigen Transformationen ausführt, um Zugang zur Wahrheit zu erlangen).Die pandemische Bedrohung reduziert den Menschen auf seine physische Dimension und schließt psycho-soziale und spirituelle Aspekte aus. Seelsorgende erleben diesen diskursiven Ausschluss, wenn sie als Besucher ausgeschlossen werden. Sie können jedoch sinnlose, toxische oder traumatische Aspekte der Pandemie „containen“ (i. S. v. „halten“) und transformieren. Auf diese Weise repräsentieren sie für Patienten und Personal nicht nur den Ausschluss des Spirituellen, sondern auch Hoffnung und Transzendenz.
Soziale Marktwirtschaft damals und heute
Authors: Schnabl Gunther 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe German currency reform on 20 June 1948, together with a comprehensive liberalization of prices as well as monopoly control formed the basis for the post-war West German economic miracle, which became the economic backbone of the European integration process. 70 years later, little remains of the basic principles of the social market economy. An increasingly expansive monetary policy of the European Central Bank undermines competition, growth and social cohesion in Europe, which puts political stability at risk. To ensure economic, political and social stability in Europe, a return to the principles of Walter Eucken und Ludwig Erhard is necessary.
The Regional Nudger: Wie Erkenntnisse der Verhaltensökonomie die Regionalpolitik und die politische Praxis auf Länderebene verbessern können
Authors: Kunte Sebastian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In many cases, behavioral economics has been advancing public policy. This is usually being done in one of two ways: First, behavioral sciences offer explanations for social phenomena that may not be explained by traditional economic analysis (diagnostic function). Second, they extend the decision maker’s “political toolbox” (therapeutic function). This potential has not yet been fully exploited for regional policy and politics. Thus, in the second part of this paper we outline specific suggestions how behaviorally informed regional policy might look like and how regional politics can benefit from the so-called “behavioral turn”. The two critical premises are open-mindedness and courage.
New Insights into Paleoseismic Age Models on the Northern San Andreas Fault: Charcoal Inbuilt Ages and Updated Earthquake Correlations
Authors: Streig Ashley R. , Weldon Ray J. , Biasi Glenn , Dawson Timothy E. , Gavin Daniel G. , Guilderson Tom P. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTDendrochronological age constraints at the Hazel Dell (HD) paleoseismic site provide a means to explore the potential for systematic bias in age estimates of earthquakes in forested settings including the Santa Cruz Mountains section of the San Andreas fault, California. Age constraints developed from detrital charcoal are compared with absolute dates from dendrochronology. We develop a new method for estimating inbuilt layer ages that makes use of more than just the youngest radiocarbon dates in a given layer. The improved age model relates likely layer deposition dates with observed C14 ages. We find that for HD, the most likely charcoal sample (mean) is ∼322  yr older than the actual age of the deposit that contains it. With this correction, two historical Bay area earthquakes are confirmed to have ruptured the surface in 1838 and 1890. Earlier work based on similar charcoal dates proposed these ruptures occurred in the mid-1700s or earlier, but historical ages of these events are unequivocal because they rupture layers containing wood chips and a redwood stump from European logging at the site. This charcoal correction method also shifts the fourth earthquake, which is constrained only by detrital charcoal, ∼300  yr younger to A.D. ∼1266. Considering the full site record at HD, recurrence of ground rupture has averaged ∼150  yr for the last four events, not ∼250  yr as inferred from unadjusted C14. Our research shows that reasonable estimates of inbuilt age can be made for charcoal-dominated paleoseismic sites and that correcting for the inbuilt age can make a significant difference for earthquake ages and potential correlations with other sites on the fault. We also examine other common inputs to Bayesian age models and find when adequate uncertainty is not incorporated, modeled ages may exclude the actual age of the event of interest.
Weeding Frequency to Increase Productivity of Sorghum in Gumara -Maksegnit Watershed
Authors: Abeje Yimer , Jemberu Tsedalu , Jorgi Tesfay 
Published: May 2020

In the Amhara region, Ethiopia, sorghum production took 655,671 hectares of land, of which North Gondar zone accounts for one-third of it, 204, 686 ha. But its productivity is low, around 1.9 tons per hectare. Sorghum production has so many constraints, insect pest, disease, and weed infestation are the most known among them. Farmers in the Northwestern Ethiopia, Gumara-maksegnit watershed have no weeding habit of their sorghum at the right time and frequency because they believe that weed-free crops at the early stage of the crop will be infested with stalk borer damage and after at the beginning of September they start to weed their land and used the weed as a feed for their animal. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine the weeding frequency of sorghum in Gumara-maksegnit watershed, North Western Ethiopia in order to increase its productivity. The experiment was conducted in the Gumara- maksegnit watershed for two cropping seasons (2014-2015) in the main season at three sites. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments like weed-free, unweeded, and farmers practice treatments, hand weeding once, two times hand weeding, three times hand weeding, and Shelshalo were studied. According to the combined analysis of variance of the two-year data showed that weed-free treatments gave the highest yield (3314 kg/ha) followed by two times and three times hand weeding. However, there was no significant difference between weed-free and two times hand weeding. Therefore, two times hand weeding is recommended for Gondar Zuria and similar agroecological areas.
Risks and Preventive Solutions for Financing of Small and Medium Enterprises under Inclusive Finance
Authors: Ma Dan 
Published: May 2020

<p>In recent years, with the steady development of economy in China, small and medium-sized enterprises are an important part of China's economic industry, but their own characteristics make them have trouble getting financing. The emergence of inclusive finance has alleviated this situation, but there are still many problems in the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. This article starts from the existing problems and actively discuss the way to solve these problems.</p>
THE ROLE OF MUSICAL HERMENEUTICS IN THE FORMATION OF A CULTURE OF INTERPRETATION IN PERFORMERS
Authors: Vladimirovna Kharicheva Dina , Voldemarovna Bigler Lyudmila , Nikolaevich Baidalinov Sergei , Valeryevna Zhilina Anna , Anatolyevna Meleshkina Elena 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this work is to consider the possibilities of hermeneutics in developing the skill of understanding a musical text as one of the main mental abilities of musician-performers.
Methodology: The study is based on the method of hermeneutics, the method of analyzing a musical text, which is widely used in the humanities and social sciences in general and plays an essential role in art criticism. Unlike other methods, text analysis uses the point of view of the author of the text. Interpretative and content analysis are the two primary forms of textual analysis of cultural artifacts. Interpreting textual analysis seeks to go beyond the surface of the meaning and explore the hidden "message" of the author.
Main Findings: The main findings of the study are that the role of musical hermeneutics is important in the professional training of contemporary performers in connection with the need to develop their ability to understand a musical text and form a culture of interpretation.
Applications of this study: This research can be used in musicological analysis and the process of professional education of musician-performers and theorists. The novelty of the work consists in proving the effectiveness of the method of musical hermeneutics in the formation of a culture of interpretation in performers.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The method turned out to be effective for not only the theory of literature, hermeneutics, and semiotics, but also for musicology and the work of composers and performers directly working with intertexts.