bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide films and studies on their antibiofilm formation activity
Authors: Ying Ye , Wu Yunbo , Huang Jianying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiocomposite films containing graphene oxide (GO), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and chitosan (CS) were prepared using the casting/evaporation technique. These as‐prepared films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that these three component films could be well mixed in certain conditions and the GO sheets were well dispersed. The better performances such as the water resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties have been improved. Meanwhile, good antibacterial activity and antibiofilm formation activity of the prepared CS/PVA/GO films were exhibited against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The resulting biocomposite films with combination of CS, PVA, and GO advantages have desirable properties and should be suitable for food and medical packaging applications.
Enhanced chondrogenesis of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in a gelatin honeycomb scaffold
Authors: Chang Yu‐Hsun , Wu Kun‐Chi , Wang Chen‐Chie , Ding Dah‐Ching 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTransplantation of chondrogenic stem cells is a promising strategy for cartilage repair, but requires improvements in cell sourcing, maintenance, and chondrogenic differentiation efficiency. We examined whether gelatin honeycomb scaffolds can enhance the proliferation, viability, and chondrogenic capability of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) compared to standard plate cultures. In addition, the survival and phenotypic stability of HUCMSC‐derived chondrocytes in a scaffold were evaluated in mice over 6 weeks post‐transplantation. Survival and proliferation rates of HUCMSCs were comparable between scaffold and plate culture. Scaffold culture in a chondrogenic differentiation medium induced more stable expression of the key hyaline cartilage genes COL2A1 and ACAN and the production of the respective proteins Type II collagen and aggrecan as well as glycosaminoglycan. These HUCMSC‐differentiated chondrocytes also stably expressed cartilage genes and proteins in the scaffold 6 weeks after transplantation into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. These findings indicate that honeycomb‐like gelatin scaffolds can promote the survival and chondrogenic differentiation of HUCMSCs to form hyaline‐like cartilage.
DAPT inhibits titanium particle‐induced osteolysis by suppressing the RANKL/Notch2 signaling pathway
Authors: Wei Xiang , Fan Baoting , Chen Xuzhuo , Cheng Yutian , Zhang Aobo , Yu Shiqi , Zhang Shanyong , Zhao Huaqiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractArtificial prosthesis is wildly used in clinical medicine for degenerative disease such as osteoclast‐related diseases. However, the material wear particles released from the surface of prostheses cause prosthetic loosening as a result of aseptic osteolysis in long‐term use. Therefore, it is important to find an agent that inhibits the formation and function of osteoclast for therapeutic use. Notch signaling pathway plays a lot of roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the role of Notch signaling pathway in osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of γ‐secretase inhibitor DAPT on osteoclastogenesis via Notch signaling pathway in vitro and titanium particle‐induced osteolysis in vivo. In animal experiments, the inhibitory effect of DAPT on titanium particle‐induced osteolysis in a mouse calvaria model was demonstrated. Interestingly, few resorption pits were observed following administration of DAPT and almost no osteoclasts formed at high concentration of DAPT. in vitro experiments revealed the mechanism of the effects of DAPT on osteoclastogenesis. DAPT inhibited the formation and function of osteoclast by blocking RANKL‐induced Notch2‐NF‐κB complex signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results indicated that DAPT could prevent and cure titanium particle‐induced prosthetic loosening and other osteoclast‐related diseases.
Acylation and deacylation mechanism and kinetics of penicillin G reaction with StreptomycesR61 DD‐peptidase
Authors: Cheng Qianyi , DeYonker Nathan J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo quantum mechanical (QM)‐cluster models are built for studying the acylation and deacylation mechanism and kinetics of Streptomyces R61 DD‐peptidase with the penicillin G at atomic level detail. DD‐peptidases are bacterial enzymes involved in the cross‐linking of peptidoglycan to form the cell wall, necessary for bacterial survival. The cross‐linking can be inhibited by antibiotic beta‐lactam derivatives through acylation, preventing the acyl‐enzyme complex from undergoing further deacylation. The deacylation step was predicted to be rate‐limiting. Transition state and intermediate structures are found using density functional theory in this study, and thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the proposed mechanism are evaluated. The acyl‐enzyme complex is found lying in a deep thermodynamic sink, and deacylation is indeed the severely rate‐limiting step, leading to suicide inhibition of the peptidoglycan cross‐linking. The usage of QM‐cluster models is a promising technique to understand, improve, and design antibiotics to disrupt function of the Streptomyces R61 DD‐peptidase.
LINC02535 co‐functions with PCBP2 to regulate DNA damage repair in cervical cancer by stabilizing RRM1 mRNA
Authors: Wen Danxia , Huang Zhong , Li Zhouyu , Tang Xi , Wen Xiaomin , Liu Jinquan , Li Mingyi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCervical cancer (CC) is one of the commonest malignant cancers among women with high morbidity and mortality. Despite encouraging advances had been found in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, effective therapeutic strategy and further exploration of the mechanism underlying in CC is still needed. We searched The Cancer Genome Atlas database and found that long noncoding RNA LINC02535 was highly expressed in CC. LINC02535 has not been studied in CC, and its molecular regulation mechanism remains unknown. Based on starBase database, LINC02535 could potentially bind poly (rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2). In the present study, we discovered a significant increase of the LINC02535 and PCBP2 expression in CC tissues and cells as compared with the adjacent normal tissues and normal cervical epithelial cells. LINC02535 and PCBP2 can bind with each other and were colocated in cytoplasm. LINC02535 and PCBP2 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and suppressed apoptosis in CC. LINC02535 and PCBP2 facilitated the repair of DNA damage to promote CC progression. LINC02535 cooperated with PCBP2 to enhance the stability of RRM1 messenger RNA (mRNA). RRM1 promoted the repair of DNA damage and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in CC cells. LINC02535 regulated tumorigenesis in vivo. In conclusion, LINC02535 cooperated with PCBP2, regulated stability of RRM1 mRNA to promote cell proliferation and EMT process in CC cells by facilitating the repair of DNA damage, providing a potential biomarker for CC.
Incidence and risk factors of osteoporotic status in outpatients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Namikawa Tsutomu , Yokota Keiichiro , Iwabu Jun , Munekage Masaya , Uemura Sunao , Tsujii Shigehiro , Maeda Hiromichi , Kitagawa Hiroyuki , Karashima Takashi , Kumon Masamitsu , Inoue Keiji , Kobayashi Michiya , Hanazaki Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimDisorders in bone metabolism have long been recognized as typical sequelae of gastrectomy; however, the pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, resulting in a variation of reported incidence. This study aimed to evaluate current bone health by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) in patients treated by gastrectomy for gastric cancer, with a focus on incidence and risk factors of osteoporosis.MethodsThe study enrolled 81 patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer at Kochi Medical School. BMD of the lumbar spine was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray mineral absorptiometry, with the results expressed as a percentage of the young adult mean (YAM). Clinical data were also obtained to investigate associations with BMD.ResultsOf the 81 study patients, 12 (14.8%) were deemed to have osteoporosis, defined by a percentage of YAM <70, with a dominance of females over males (66.7% vs 17.4%; P < 0.001). The median body weight, hemoglobin concentration, and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level of the patients with osteoporosis was significantly lower than in those with a percentage of YAM ≥70 group (39.6 kg vs 53.1 kg, P < 0.001; 10.9 mg/dL vs 12.5 mg/dL, P = 0.010; 210 U/L vs 251 U/L, P = 0.002). Further analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between body weight and percentage of YAM (r = 0.441, P < 0.001). Despite the administration of bisphosphonates in these patients during this study, one acquired a bone fracture.ConclusionOsteoporosis was found in 14.8% of postoperative gastric cancer patients, with female gender, low body weight, and low ALP proposed as risk factors for osteoporosis and thus future bone fracture.
Are Aid Agencies Changing their Practices?
Authors: Palagashvili Liya , Williamson Claudia R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUsing data from 2004 to 2008−2012, we provide the first multi‐year agency monitoring of Development Assistance Committee (DAC), multilateral and United Nations (UN) agencies. Our results suggest that, on average, DAC donor performance has declined while multilateral and UN agency performance has increased. Specifically, multilateral and UN agencies are more transparent and specialized while DAC donors are less specialized and failed to improve in other categories. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frontline Science: Dynamic cellular and subcellular features of migrating leukocytes revealed by in vivo lattice lightsheet microscopy
Authors: Manley Harriet R , Potter David L , Heddleston John M , Chew Teng-Leong , Keightley M Cristina , Lieschke Graham J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNeutrophil and macrophage (Mϕ) migration underpin the inflammatory response. However, the fast velocity, multidirectional instantaneous movement, and plastic, ever-changing shape of phagocytes confound high-resolution intravital imaging. Lattice lightsheet microscopy (LLSM) captures highly dynamic cell morphology at exceptional spatiotemporal resolution. We demonstrate the first extensive application of LLSM to leukocytes in vivo, utilizing optically transparent zebrafish, leukocyte-specific reporter lines that highlighted subcellular structure, and a wounding assay for leukocyte migration. LLSM revealed details of migrating leukocyte morphology, and permitted intricate, volumetric interrogation of highly dynamic activities within their native physiological setting. Very thin, recurrent uropod extensions must now be considered a characteristic feature of migrating neutrophils. LLSM resolved trailing uropod extensions, demonstrating their surprising length, and permitting quantitative assessment of cytoskeletal contributions to their evanescent form. Imaging leukocytes in blood vessel microenvironments at LLSM’s spatiotemporal resolution displayed blood-flow-induced neutrophil dynamics and demonstrated unexpected leukocyte-endothelial interactions such as leukocyte-induced endothelial deformation against the intravascular pressure. LLSM of phagocytosis and cell death provided subcellular insights and uncovered novel behaviors. Collectively, we provide high-resolution LLSM examples of leukocyte structures (filopodia lamellipodia, uropod extensions, vesicles), and activities (interstitial and intravascular migration, leukocyte rolling, phagocytosis, cell death, and cytoplasmic ballooning). Application of LLSM to intravital leukocyte imaging sets the stage for transformative studies into the cellular and subcellular complexities of phagocyte biology.
Influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein: An ambivalent innate immune modulator and virulence factor
Authors: Cheung Pak-Hin Hinson , Lee Tak-Wang Terence , Chan Chi-Ping , Jin Dong-Yan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes not only seasonal respiratory illness, but also outbreaks of more severe disease and pandemics when novel strains emerge as a result of reassortment or interspecies transmission. PB1-F2 is an IAV protein expressed from the second open reading frame of PB1 gene. Small as it is, PB1-F2 is a critical virulence factor. Multiple key amino acid residues and motifs of PB1-F2 have been shown to influence the virulence of IAV in a strain- and host-specific manner, plausibly through the induction of apoptotic cell death, modulation of type I IFN response, activation of inflammasome, and facilitation of secondary bacterial infection. However, the exact role of PB1-F2 in IAV pathogenesis remains unexplained. Through reanalysis of the current literature, we redefine PB1-F2 as an ambivalent innate immune modulator that determines IAV infection outcome through induction of immune cell death, differential modulation of early- and late-type I IFN response, and promotion of pathogenic inflammation. PB1-F2 functions both intracellularly and extracellularly. Further investigations of the mechanistic details of PB1-F2 action will shed new light on immunopathogenesis of IAV infection.
Cholesterotropic and cuprotropic chemicals
Authors: Klevay Leslie M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA dozen or so chemicals modify both cholesterol and copper metabolism. Ascorbic acid and cadmium, etc., inhibit copper metabolism and raise cholesterol. Calcium and clofibrate, etc., enhance copper and lower cholesterol. Perhaps the doses of dietary cholesterol and fructose in this experiment were too severe to permit fenofibrate to lower cholesterol in a manner similar to clofibrate. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of relative humidity on the corrosion behavior of Sn–0.7Cu solder under polyvinyl chloride fire smoke atmosphere
Authors: Li Qian , Lin Jin , Li Changhai , Lu Shouxiang , Chen Xiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effect of environment relative humidity (RH) on the corrosion behavior of Sn–0.7Cu solder was investigated by the weight loss method and surface characterization techniques. In this study, RH ranging from 50% to 98% was researched. The results show that the corrosion degree is getting worse from 50% RH to 90% RH. However, the corrosion rate at 98% RH is lower than that at 90% RH, which may be ascribed to the degree of oxygen diffusion in electrolyte layers of different thicknesses. The microstructure characterization proved that the corrosion products exhibit a superimposed growth and present the same corrosion degree variation trend as the corrosion kinetics. The compositions of corrosion products are examined, and Sn21Cl16(OH)14O6, SnO, and SnO2 are the main corrosion products.
Barriers to home‐based palliative care in people with cancer: A qualitative study of the perspective of caregivers
Authors: Hassankhani Hadi , Rahmani Azad , Best Amy , Taleghani Fariba , Sanaat Zohreh , Dehghannezhad Javad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the barriers to home‐based palliative care for cancer patients from professional caregivers' experiences.DesignA qualitative study.MethodThis is a descriptive‐qualitative study carried out in the community‐based care. Twenty‐three participants took part in this study. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews.ResultsData analysis led to the identification of three category of barriers including the lack of instructions (the lack of clinical practice guidelines, the ambiguity of tariffs and the lack of insurance coverage), family desperation (family views of prognosis, distrust and poverty) and lack of professionalism (limited knowledge, the use of amateur nurses and siloed care). Developing a care protocol and providing resources support contribute to the development of home‐based palliative care. Moreover, the education of families and training courses for nurses must be fostered.
Higher plasma asparaginase activity after intramuscular than intravenous Erwinia asparaginase
Authors: Panetta John C. , Liu Yiwei , Swanson Hope D. , Karol Seth E. , Pui Ching‐Hon , Inaba Hiroto , Jeha Sima , Relling Mary V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is unclear if dosing intervals for Erwinase can be extended with intramuscular (i.m.) versus intravenous (i.v.) dosing. Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia received Erwinase at 30 000‐42 000 IU/m2 i.v. or i.m. I.m. Erwinase (n = 22) achieved activity above 0.1 IU/mL for longer than i.v. Erwinase (n = 33) (3.4 vs 2.9 days, P = 0.0007). With 30 000 IU/m2 Monday, Wednesday, Friday, more patients achieved adequate concentrations over the weekend with i.m. vs i.v. dosing (P = 5 × 10−36). A schedule with i.v. doses on Monday and Wednesday and i.m. doses on Friday of 30 000 IU/m2 maintained activity > 0.1 IU/mL over the weekend in 80% of patients.
Nationwide study of pediatric B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chromosome 8q24/MYC rearrangement in Japan
Authors: Sakaguchi Kimiyoshi , Imamura Toshihiko , Ishimaru Sae , Imai Chihaya , Shimonodan Hidemi , Fujita Naoto , Okada Keiko , Taketani Takeshi , Kanai Rie , Tauchi Hisamichi , Kato Motohiro , Kojima Yasuko , Watanabe Arata , Deguchi Takao , Hashii Yoshiko , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Taki Tomohiko , Saito Akiko M. , Horibe Keizo , Manabe Atsushi , Sato Atsushi , Koh Katsuyoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundRearrangements of chromosome 8q24/MYC (8q24/MYC‐r), resulting from t(8;14)(q24;q32), t(2;8)(p11;q24), or t(8;22)(q24;q11), are mainly associated with Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia (BL) and rarely observed in patients with B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL). The characteristics of BCP‐ALL with 8q24/MYC‐r are poorly understood.ProcedureA retrospective nationwide study of data from patients with pediatric BCP‐ALL with 8q24/MYC‐r in Japan was conducted to clarify the clinical and biological characteristics associated with 8q24/MYC‐r BCP‐ALL.ResultsTen patients with BCP‐ALL with 8q24/MYC‐r, including three with double‐hit leukemia (DHL) (two with t(8;14)(q24;q32) and t(14;18)(q32;q21) and one with t(8;14) and t(3;22)(q27;q11)), were identified. Patients with BCP‐ALL with 8q24/MYC‐r had higher median age and uric acid and lactate dehydrogenase levels, than those without 8q24/MYC‐r. All patients were initially treated with ALL‐type chemotherapy; however, four, including one with DHL, were switched to BL‐type chemotherapy, based on cytogenetic findings. One patient relapsed after standard‐risk ALL‐type chemotherapy, and two patients with DHL did not attain complete remission with chemotherapy; all three died within 11 months. The other seven patients treated with BL‐type or high‐risk ALL‐type chemotherapy are alive without disease.ConclusionsThe clinical and laboratory features of BL with IG‐MYC rearrangement, displaying a BCP immunophenotype (Wagener et al. and Herbrueggen et al. termed it as pre‐BLL), are similar to those of BCP‐ALL with 8q24/MYC‐r. Low‐risk ALL‐type chemotherapy may not be appropriate for them, and further studies are required to establish an adequate therapeutic strategy. Further studies of DHL to identify new treatment strategies are also needed.
Modeling electrical conductivity of polymer nanocomposites with aggregated filler
Authors: Drozdov Aleksey D. , de Claville Christiansen Jesper 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA mean‐field model is developed for the electrical conductivity of microcomposites and nanocomposites with polymer matrices. The model accounts for aggregation of filler into clusters (involving both conducting and nonconducting particles) and rearrangement of these clusters with the growth of volume fraction of filler (which leads to a reduction in tunneling resistivity and an increase in the number of bridging contacts between conducting particles). The governing equations involve five material constants with transparent physical meaning: the depolarization factor of clusters, volume fraction of polymer in clusters of filler, effective conductivity of an individual filler particle, and two coefficients characterizing an increase in the effective electrical conductivity of filler driven by the growth of bridging contacts between neighboring particles in clusters. Good agreement is demonstrated between results of simulation and experimental data on the electrical conductivity of epoxy resin reinforced with carbon black and graphite particles, poly(vinyl chloride) reinforced with copper and nickel particles, polypropylene loaded with spherical and spheroidal tin particles, poly(butylene terephthalate) reinforced with graphene nanosheets, and polypropylene loaded with multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
Patterns and covariates of benefit finding in young Black breast cancer survivors: A longitudinal, observational study
Authors: Conley Claire C. , Small Brent J. , Christie Juliette , Hoogland Aasha I. , Augusto Bianca M. , Garcia Jennifer D. , Pal Tuya , Vadaparampil Susan T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the patterns and covariates of benefit finding over time among young Black breast cancer (BC) survivors.MethodsBlack women (N = 305) with invasive BC diagnosed ≤50 years were recruited an average of 1.9 years post‐BC diagnosis. Participants completed self‐report questionnaires of benefit finding, social support, and illness intrusions at three time points (M time since BC diagnosis: T2 = 3.1 years, T3 = 4.0 years). Relationships between posttraumatic growth constructs (social support, illness intrusions) and benefit finding over time were examined using mixed models. Models controlled for cultural variables (religiosity, time orientation, and collectivism), receipt of chemotherapy, general health status, and partner status.ResultsParticipants reported high levels of benefit finding (M = 2.99, SE = 0.04 on a 0‐4 scale). When accounting for covariates, benefit finding did not change over time since BC diagnosis (P = .21). Benefit finding scores at BC diagnosis were associated with more illness intrusions, greater religiosity, and having received chemotherapy (all Ps < .04). Social support was associated with change in benefit finding scores over time, such that a 1‐point increase in social support was associated with a 0.05 increase in benefit finding per year (P = .02).ConclusionsThis study addresses key gaps in knowledge regarding benefit finding among Black cancer survivors. Consistent with findings from majority White samples, social support and illness intrusions appear to play a key role in benefit finding in Black BC survivors. Cultural constructs—including religiosity—must also be considered in future studies of benefit finding among minority populations.