bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Analysis of Social Distancing Ratio, Isolation Rate and Transmission Coefficient in COVID-19 Epidemic for Many Countries by SIQR Model
Authors: Hashiguchi Koichi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently SIQR model was proposed by Odagaki as the modification of conventional SIR model by adding the term for isolation of infected persons, Q(Quarantined). The exponent λ of the exponential function expressing the number of newly tested positive persons was defined as an linear equation explicitly with three important parameters, transmission coefficient, social distancing ratio x and isolation rate q. In this study, applying this model to the number of positive persons in publicly available database, daily λ values are regression analyzed, and social distancing ratio and isolation rate are derived. Analyses for 7 countries including Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, and western countries are performed and determine the dynamic locus of q-x relation on the q-x plane during epidemic propagation. Finally, the remaining parameter, the transmission coefficient is shown to closely relate to the maximum λ, λmax, and λmax (transmission coefficient) is characterized as a specific value for each country. Then, the magnitude of λmax is combined with the value of λmin to influence the total number of new cases until the convergence stage.
Vorinostat corrects cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome
Authors: Ding Qi , Wu Xueting , Li Xuan , Wang Hongbing 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTFragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by mutations in theFMR1(fragile X mental retardation 1) gene. It is a significant form of heritable intellectual disability with comorbidity of other symptoms such as autism. Due to the lack of efficacious medication, repurposing the existing FDA-approved drugs may offer an opportunity to advance clinical intervention for FXS. Analysis of the whole-genome transcription signatures predicts new therapeutic action of vorinostat to correct pathological alterations associated with FXS. We further find that the administration of vorinostat restores object location memory and passive avoidance memory in theFmr1knockout (KO) mice. For the non-cognitive behavioral symptoms, vorinostat corrects the autism-associated alterations, including repetitive behavior and social interaction deficits. In the open field test, vorinostat dampens hyperactivity in the center area of the arena. Surprisingly, vorinostat does not affect the abnormally elevated protein synthesis inFmr1KO neurons, suggesting different outcomes from correcting behavioral symptoms and specific aspects of cellular pathology. Our data reveal the therapeutic effects of the FDA-approved drug vorinostat in a mouse model of FXS and advocate efficacy testing with human patients.
A hybrid algorithm for dental artifact detection in large computed tomography datasets
Authors: Arrowsmith Colin , Reiazi Reza , Welch Mattea L. , Kazmierski Michal , Patel Tirth , Rezaie Aria , Tadic Tony , Bratman Scott , Haibe-Kains Benjamin 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTComputed tomography (CT) is one of the most common medical imaging modalities and the main technology used in radiomics research, the computational voxel-level analysis of medical images. Analysis of CT images is vulnerable to the effects of dental artifacts (DA) caused by metal implants or fillings. Running automated analysis pipelines with uncurated datasets can reduce performance and hamper future reproducibility on new datasets. This work introduces a new tool to detect the location and magnitude of DAs in CT images based on a combination of deep learning and conventional image processing algorithms. We show the utility of this new DA detector through an analysis of the correlations between radiomic features and the location of DAs in 2,319 CT axial volumes. We were able to predict the correct DA magnitude (no, weak or strong artifacts) yielding a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.73 (p-value=0.0002), achieving the same level of agreement as human labellers. The algorithm was able to identify the location of the DAs in the CT volumes with performance on par with human labellers. Finally, our analysis of radiomic features showed that only when strong DAs were present, the proximity of the tumour to the mouth was highly correlated with specific radiomic features. Our results suggest that removing these features, or removing CT slices containing the DAs, could reduce these unwanted correlations.
Prediction of Covid-19 Infections Through December 2020 for 10 US States Using a Two Parameter Transmission Model Incorporating Outdoor Temperature and School Re-Opening Effects
Authors: Newell Ty 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCovid-19 infection case predictions (total cases) are made for August through December 2020 for 10 US States (NY, WA, GA, IL, MN, FL, OH, MI, CA, and NC). A two-parameter model based on social distance index (SDI) and disease transmission efficiency (G) parameters is used to characterize SARS-CoV-2 disease spread. Current lack of coherent and coordinated US policy causes the US to follow a linear infection growth path with a limit cycle behavior that modulates the US between accelerating and decaying infection growth on either side of a linear growth path boundary.Four prediction cases are presented:No school re-openings; fall season temperature effectNo school re-openings; no fall season temperature effectSchool re-openings; fall season temperature effectSchool re-openings; no fall season temperature effectFall outdoor temperatures, in contrast to the 1918 pandemic, are predicted to be beneficial for dampening SARS-CoV-2 transmission in States as they pass through “swing season” temperature range of 70F to 50F. Physical re-opening of schools in September are predicted to accelerate infections.States with low current infectious case numbers (eg, NY) are predicted to be minimally impacted while States with high current infectious case numbers (eg, CA and FL) will be significantly impacted by school re-openings.Updated infection predictions will be posted monthly (Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec) with adjustments based on actual trends in SDI and G. Assessments related to outdoor temperature impact, school re-openings, and other public gathering re-openings will be discussed in updated reports.
Common synaptic phenotypes arising from diverse mutations in the human NMDA receptor subunit GluN2A
Authors: Elmasri M. , Hunter D. , Winchester G. , Bates E. , Aziz W. , Moolenaar Van Der Does D. , Karachaliou E. , Sakimura K. , Penn A.C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDominant mutations in the human geneGRIN2A, encoding NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluN2A, make a significant and growing contribution to the catalogue of published single-gene epilepsies. Understanding the disease mechanism in these epilepsy patients is complicated by the surprising diversity of effects that the mutations have on NMDARs. We have examined the cell-autonomous effect of five GluN2A mutations, 3 loss-of-function and 2 gain-of-function, on evoked NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents (NMDA-EPSCs) in CA1 pyramidal neurons in cultured hippocampal slices. Despite the mutants differing in their functional incorporation at synapses, prolonged NMDA-EPSC current decays (with only marginal changes in charge transfer) were a common effect for both gain- and loss-of-function mutants. Modelling NMDA-EPSCs with mutant properties in a CA1 neuron revealed that the effect ofGRIN2Amutations can lead to abnormal temporal integration and spine calcium dynamics during trains of concerted synaptic activity. Investigations beyond establishing the molecular defects of GluN2A mutants are much needed to understand their impact on synaptic transmission.
If the organization is a mess, do employees explain or exploit the situation?
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Azeem Muhammad Umer , Haq Inam Ul 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis study investigates the connection between employees' dissatisfaction with the organizational status quo and their job performance, with a particular focus on the mediating role of their problem-focused voice behavior – through which they pinpoint possible causes of organizational problem situations – and the moderating role of their Machiavellianism.Design/methodology/approachThree-wave survey data were collected from employees and their supervisors in Pakistani organizations.FindingsAn important reason that employees' beliefs about organizational underperformance spur their own performance, as rated by supervisors, is that they spend significant energy expressing their concerns about shortcomings. The mediating role of such constructive voice behaviors is mitigated though, to the extent that employees have stronger Machiavellian tendencies.Practical implicationsFor human resource managers, the findings reveal problem-focused voice as a key mechanism by which employees' negative perceptions about how well their organization fares can be channeled into higher job performance. They also elucidate how this process is less likely among employees who are self-centered and less concerned about their organization' well-being, such that they hold back pertinent information about organizational failures from others.Originality/valueThe study pinpoints problem-focused voice as an unexplored behavioral response by which employees' beliefs about organizational underperformance can enhance their job performance. It also details how the tendency of Machiavellian employees to stay away from such voice activities may backfire in the form of lower performance evaluations.
Reducing the number of passing links in the 2D-NoC for performance and reliability improvement
Authors: Seyyed Mahdavi Chabok Seyyed Javad , Alavi Seyed Amin 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The routing algorithm is one of the most important components in designing a network-on-chip (NoC). An effective routing algorithm can cause better performance and throughput, and thus, have less latency, lower power consumption and high reliability. Considering the high scalability in networks and fault occurrence on links, the more the packet reaches the destination (i.e. to cross the number of fewer links), the less the loss of packets and information would be. Accordingly, the proposed algorithm is based on reducing the number of passed links to reach the destination.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a high-performance NoC that increases telecommunication network reliability by passing fewer links to destination. A large NoC is divided into small districts with central routers. In such a system, routing in large routes is performed through these central routers district by district.

Findings
By reducing the number of links, the number of routers also decreases. As a result, the power consumption is reduced, the performance of the NoC is improved, and the probability of collision with a faulty link and network latency is decreased.

Originality/value
The simulation is performed using the Noxim simulator because of its ability to manage and inject faults. The proposed algorithm, XY routing, as a conventional algorithm for the NoC, was simulated in a 14 × 14 network size, as the typical network size in the recent works.
The ‘normality’ of living as a gay serodiscordant couple in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Philpot Steven P. , Persson Asha , Prestage Garrett , Bavinton Benjamin R. , Ellard Jeanne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSerodiscordant couples are often understood through a discourse of HIV‐risk or researched in terms of the psychological stressors they face. However, due to antiretroviral treatments people living with HIV can achieve undetectable viral loads, which not only make them non‐infectious to partners, but allow them to think of their lives and relationships as safe and viable. These realisations mean that serodiscordant couples often embrace an HIV ‘normalisation’ discourse. In this article, we argue that this discourse of HIV ‘normalisation’ can overlook the more nuanced complexity of issues still faced by couples today, which reveal how their experiences of ‘normal’ are sometimes challenged and are not necessarily ‘normal’. Utilising semi‐structured interviews with 21 gay men in serodiscordant relationships in Sydney, Australia, we draw on the concept of ‘home’ life to explore how men engage with discourses of normalisation to describe and enact their relationships. We argue that although HIV is managed well enough to be insignificant in the context of home life, experiences or anticipation of stigma in public often remind couples that they are yet to be considered ‘normal’ socially.
Informal Property Rights as Relational and Functional: Unravelling the Relational Contract in China's Informal Housing Market
Authors: Zhang Mengzhu , He Shenjing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the face of state‐led land grabs, enterprising Chinese peasants have started a revolution in the ambiguous and insecure rural tenure system by developing an extralegal property system known as the small property right (SPR). Using the SPR, peasants are able to capitalize on their property through the sale of houses built on collectively owned land. Little is known, however, about the specific process behind the development of the SPR by the peasants, or how this extralegal property system functions in terms of securing the use and transfer of property without the backing of law. This article aims to clarify the situation through the lenses of the Endogenous Nature of Institutions and Relational Contract Theory, aiming to understand the socially constructed, endogenous and relational nature of the property rights that make SPR functional. Based on an ethnographic investigation of Beijing's largest SPR housing settlement, we show how enterprising peasants develop long‐term relational contracts with urban households for the provision of housing services, secured on the basis of the common interests and symbiosis of the two parties and a reputation system that serves to deter defaults. The discretionary treatment of SPR housing by local states serves as a further motivation for the village and the informal homeowners to preserve a stable property arrangement, with such a specific institutional setting being an exemplar of China's pragmatic state entrepreneurialism.
Climate politics in hard times: How local economic shocks influence MPs attention to climate change
Authors: FINSERAAS HENNING , HØYLAND BJØRN , SØYLAND MARTIN G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost countries struggle to implement CO2 reducing policies. Implementation is politically difficult since it typically forces politicians to trade‐off different concerns. The literature on how parties and members of parliament (MPs) handle these trade‐offs is sparse. We use structural topic models to study how MPs in an oil dependent environment responded to a shock in the oil price that created spatially concentrated costs of climate policies. We leverage the rapid oil price drop between parliamentary sessions and MPs’ constituency adherence in a difference‐in‐differences framework to identify if MPs respond differently to variation in the salience of trade‐offs. We find that MPs facing high political costs of climate policies tried to avoid environmental topics, while less affected MPs talked more about investments in green energy when the oil price declined. Our results suggest that the oil price bust created a ‘window of opportunity’ for advocates of the ‘ green shift’.
Pembrolizumab‐induced pancytopenia in a patient with squamous cell lung cancer
Authors: Ueki Yuriko , Suzuki Manabu , Horikawa Yuriko , Watanabe Hiromu , Yamaguchi Yoh , Morita Chie , Tsukada Akinari , Takumida Hiroshi , Kusaba Yusaku , Katsuno Takashi , Tsujimoto Yoshie , Sakamoto Keita , Hashimoto Masao , Terada Junko , Ishii Satoru , Takasaki Jin , Naka Go , Iikura Motoyasu , Izumi Shinyu , Takeda Yuichiro , Hojo Masayuki , Sugiyama Haruhito 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are reportedly effective against many kinds of neoplasm, but may be responsible for several kinds of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Among these irAEs, the incidence of myelosuppression due to ICIs is relatively low. Corticosteroids are needed to control most cases of myelosuppression. Here, we report an 88‐year‐old woman with squamous cell lung cancer who was administered pembrolizumab. After five cycles of pembrolizumab, she developed severe pancytopenia. The pancytopenia improved under observation without steroid administration after cessation of pembrolizumab. During recovery from this irAE, the patient also maintained long‐term antitumor efficacy.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyThere are several kinds of immune‐related adverse events. We encountered a case of pembrolizumab‐induced pancytopenia with squamous cell lung cancer.What this study addsCorticosteroids are needed to control most cases of myelosuppression induced by ICIs, but pancytopenia induced by pembrolizumab in our case improved without steroids.
A New Metric of Market Underreaction to Earnings Announcements: An Empirical Test*
Authors: Chung Kee H. , Kim Oliver , Lim Steve C. , Yang Sean 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper provides empirical evidence that the squared correlation coefficient between order imbalance and earnings surprise (COE) measures market underreaction and predicts the post‐earnings announcement drift. We find strong evidence that COE during the announcement period predicts price movements (returns) during the post‐announcement period in the expected direction. We find qualitatively similar results using risk‐adjusted returns (i.e., Fama‐French, Carhart, and Pastor‐Stambaugh factor alphas), suggesting that well‐known risk factors do not explain the profitability of trading strategy based on COE.
Optical coherence tomography‐based determination of ischaemia onset – the temporal dynamics of retinal thickness increase in acute central retinal artery occlusion
Authors: Wenzel Daniel A. , Kromer Robert , Poli Sven , Steinhorst Nils Alexander , Casagrande Maria K. , Spitzer Martin S. , Schultheiss Maximilian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeAcute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) induces ischaemic retinal oedema. The purpose of this study was to define sensitivity and specificity of optical coherence tomography (OCT) based retinal thickness analysis in determining ischaemia onset in CRAO.MethodsThe relative retinal thickness increase (RRTI) in comparison with the fellow eye was analysed retrospectively in OCT scans of 66 patients diagnosed with CRAO between January 2010 and December 2019 within 48 hr of ischaemia onset. The natural course of RRTI and the sensitivity and specificity of OCT‐based determination of ischaemia onset in identifying CRAO within 4.5 hr using the RRTI were evaluated.ResultsRelative retinal thickness increase (RRTI) in acute CRAO follows a hyperbolic curve with a steep incline within the early phase after which it reaches a plateau. Optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐based retinal thickness analysis in CRAO allows to differentiate patients with ischaemia onset within the past 4.5 hr or thereafter with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94.3%.ConclusionRelative retinal thickness increase (RRTI) allows to identify CRAO patients that are eligible for a potentially beneficial reperfusion therapy within a therapeutic window of 4.5 hr with a high accuracy. Especially in patients with unknown ischaemia onset, this diagnostic tool could be of major importance in the future clinical management.
Care leaver needs and accessibility: Findings from the first large‐scale project in Switzerland
Authors: Jarczok Marion , Knecht Krüger Beatrice , Mitrovic Tanja , Gérard Gomera , Jud Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLeaving out‐of‐home care is a challenging situation not only for young people leaving care but also for the child welfare system. However, systematic and multiorganizational transitional programmes are often lacking. This study investigated Switzerland's first large‐scale care leaver programme and analysed associations between care leavers' needs and contactability in a sample of 459 care leavers. A first track compared the characteristics of successfully contacted care leavers and of not contactable care leavers (‘dropouts’). The second track analysed the association between need for support and self‐rated or proxy‐rated quality of life in the subsample of 235 successfully contacted care leavers. Odds for indicators of lower educational attainment were substantially increased for dropouts. Additionally, self‐reported need for support was significantly associated with lower self‐ratings of quality of life in seven areas. Care leavers who accepted the programme's offer of coaching rated their quality of life lower than participants who reported no need for support and participants who reported a need for support but turned down coaching. For successfully contacted care leavers, the programme gave access to coaching sessions to the young people the most in need. However, dropouts appeared more vulnerable and might therefore benefit even more from aftercare support.
Perinatal and childhood predictors of general cognitive outcome at 28 years in a very‐low‐birthweight national cohort
Authors: Darlow Brian A , Woodward Lianne J , Levin Karelia J , Melzer Tracy , Horwood L John 
Published: August 2020

AimTo determine IQ at 26 to 30 years in very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) adults compared with term‐born controls; and to examine the stability of IQ in VLBW individuals between 7 to 8 years and 26 to 30 years, identify perinatal and social predictors of IQ, and assess the contribution of brain volume to IQ.MethodAt 26 to 30 years, 229 VLBW adults (71% survivors of prospectively enrolled national cohort) and 100 term‐born controls were tested on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. For VLBW, IQ at 7 to 8 years, perinatal and social data were extracted from the data set, and 150 adults underwent volumetric cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).ResultsAt 26 to 30 years, the mean adjusted difference between VLBW and controls for total IQ was 9.4 (95% CI 6.5–12.4) points. In VLBW individuals the correlation between IQ scores at 7 to 8 years and 26 to 30 years was 0.78. On multiple regression analysis, parental education was the strongest predictor of verbal and total IQ at both ages. Birthweight was a strong predictor of perceptual and total IQ. In VLBW individuals with MRI scans, the addition of brain volume as a variable increased the variance explained for perceptual and total IQ.InterpretationVLBW adults have mean IQ scores 9 to 11 points below controls. Parental education and birthweight are the strongest predictors of IQ.
Physicochemical properties, α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory effects of the polysaccharide from leaves of Morus alba L. under simulated gastro‐intestinal digestion and its fermentation capability in vitro by human gut microbiota
Authors: Wang Chunli , Ma Qiqi , Xue Zihan , Li Ruilin , Wang Qirou , Li Nannan , Zhang Min , Panichayupakaranant Pharkphoom , Chen Haixia 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe investigation aimed at determining the impact of sequential simulated digestion on the physicochemical properties and digestive enzymes inhibitory effects of the polysaccharides fraction (MLP‐2) of Morus alba L. leaves as well as its in vitro fermentation behaviours. After artificial salivary, gastric and intestinal digestions, the chemical components and microstructure of MLP‐2 were altered with significantly (P < 0.05) decreased molecular weight. The α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities of MLP‐2 were significantly (P < 0.05) improved throughout simulated digestion. MLP‐2I, the intestinal digested fraction of MLP‐2, could significantly (P < 0.05) decrease the pH value of fermented culture and increase the short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations, especially acetic, propionic and butyric acids. In conclusion, MLP‐2 could be gradually degraded under simulated digestion with altered physicochemical properties and enhanced α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitory effects, and further utilised by human gut microbiota to decrease pH value and promote SCFA production.