bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale cosmic web detachments, connectivity, and preprocessing in the supercluster SCl A2142 cocoon
Authors: Einasto Maret , Deshev Boris , Tenjes Peeter , Heinämäki Pekka , Tempel Elmo , Juhan Liivamägi Lauri , Einasto Jaan , Lietzen Heidi , Tuvikene Taavi , Chon Gayoung 
Published: July 2020

Context.Superclusters of galaxies and their surrounding low-density regions (cocoons) represent dynamically evolving environments in which galaxies and their systems form and evolve. While evolutionary processes of galaxies in dense environments are extensively studied at present, galaxy evolution in low-density regions has received less attention.Aims.We study the properties, connectivity, and galaxy content of groups and filaments in the A2142 supercluster (SCl A2142) cocoon to understand the evolution of the supercluster with its surrounding structures and the galaxies within them.Methods.We calculated the luminosity-density field of SDSS galaxies and traced the SCl A2142 cocoon boundaries by the lowest luminosity-density regions that separate SCl A2142 from other superclusters. We determined galaxy filaments and groups in the cocoon and analysed the connectivity of groups, the high density core (HDC) of the supercluster, and the whole of the supercluster. We compared the distribution and properties of galaxies with different star-formation properties in the supercluster and in the cocoon.Results.The supercluster A2142 and the long filament that is connected to it forms the longest straight structure in the Universe detected so far, with a length of approximately 75h−1Mpc. The connectivity of the cluster A2142 and the whole supercluster isC = 6 − 7; poor groups exhibitC = 1 − 2. Long filaments around the supercluster’s main body are detached from it at the turnaround region. Among various local and global environmental trends with regard to the properties of galaxies and groups, we find that galaxies with very old stellar populations lie in systems across a wide range of richness from the richest cluster to poorest groups and single galaxies. They lie even at local densities as low asD1 <  1 in the cocoon and up toD1 >  800 in the supercluster. Recently quenched galaxies lie in the cocoon mainly in one region and their properties are different in the cocoon and in the supercluster. The star-formation properties of single galaxies are similar across all environments.Conclusions.The collapsing main body of SCl A2142 with the detached long filaments near it are evidence of an important epoch in the supercluster evolution. There is a need for further studies to explore possible reasons behind the similarities between galaxies with very old stellar populations in extremely different environments, as well as mechanisms for galaxy quenching at very low densities. The presence of long, straight structures in the cosmic web may serve as a test for cosmological models.
In-vivo-Druckmessungen zum Vergleich medizinischer adaptiver Kompressionssysteme mit maßangefertigter Flachstrick-Kompressionsversorgung
Authors: Reißhauer Anett , Kornappel Simone , Tsatrafilis Emmanouil , Stroux Andrea , Liebl Max 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Die in der Erhaltungsphase der komplexen physikalischen Entstauungstherapie notwendige Kompressionstherapie kann anstelle von Flachstrick-Kompressionsstrümpfen (FS) auch mit vom Patienten selbst anzulegenden Bandagen erfolgen, den sogenannten medizinischen adaptiven Kompressionssystemen (MAK).Methoden MAK und FS wurden mittels In-vivo-Druckmessungen unter der von Probanden selbst angelegten Kompression direkt verglichen. Dazu wurden Drücke über Picopress-Messgeräte und Sensoren (Microlab Elettronica, Italien) an n = 30 Patienten mit beidseitigen, symmetrischen, lymphostatischen Ödemen der Unterschenkel erfasst. FS und MAK wurden seitenrandomisiert zugewiesen. Nach Standardeinweisung und initialen Druckmessungen beider Systeme wurden MAK im Zeitverlauf von 2 und 4 h Tragedauer erneut gemessen. Static-Stiffness-Index (SSI) sowie Druckgradienten der Messhöhen B1-C wurden berechnet.Ergebnisse MAK zeigen Ruhedruckwerte und SSI im therapeutischen Bereich, die signifikant höher ausfallen als bei FS (p < 0,01 bzw. p < 0,001). MAK erreichen signifikant höhere maximale Arbeitsdrücke (p < 0,001). Die Ruhedruckwerte von MAK zeigen nach 2 und 4 h, ohne Nachjustieren, keinen relevanten Druckabfall. Die mittleren Druckgradienten, bezogen auf die Messhöhen B1-C, unterscheiden sich nicht signifikant zwischen den Methoden.Diskussion Die mit MAK erreichten Druckparameter untermauern deren therapeutische Effektivität. Die Anwendung von MAK ist auch ohne Nachjustieren druckstabil. Die Anwendung (Selbstanlage) kann als therapeutisch wirksam eingestuft werden. Eine gute Einweisung der Patienten ist jedoch bedeutsam.
Adding efficiency to proficiency: a study of trainee polypectomy efficiency metrics
Authors: Muething Larissa , Wani Sachin , Hall Matt , Simon Violette , Ezekwe Ezenwanyi , Nguyen-Vu Tiffany , Malvar Carmel , Duloy Anna , Kaltenbach Tonya , Keswani Rajesh , Patel Swati G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Although validated colonoscopy assessment tools exist, they do not measure efficiency. This study aimed to assess content validity of polypectomy efficiency (PE) and neoplastic polypectomy efficiency (NPE) as colonoscopy efficiency indices.
Methods Data from a randomized controlled trial evaluating polypectomy among gastroenterology trainees were utilized. PE and NPE were defined as number of polyps (or neoplastic polyps) removed/withdrawal time × 100. Content validity was assessed by determining the association between efficiency indices and polypectomy times.
Results 20 trainees performed 601 colonoscopies. There was a strong association between PE/NPE and actual polypectomy times: as polypectomy time increased by 1 minute, the PE decreased by 0.48 (P = 0.001) and NPE decreased by 0.24 (P = 0.03).
Conclusions The study proposed and provided content validity for PE and NPE as colonoscopy efficiency indices.
Protective Role of EGCG Against Malathion Induced Genotoxicity Using
Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Taghavi Seyed Mousa , Shadboorestan Amir , Sabzevari Samin , Gholami Maryam , Keshavarz-maleki Razieh , Mozdarani Hossein , Ostad Seyed Nasser , Sabzevari Omid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground: Green tea (Camellia sinensis), which is the most common drink
across the world after water, has many antioxidant properties.
Epigallocatecin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a flavonoid which accounts for
33–50% of green tea solids. It functions as a powerful
antioxidant, preventing oxidative damage in healthy cells, with antiangiogenic
and antitumor activities and as a modulator of tumor cell response to
chemotherapy. Malathion is an organophosphate pesticide which is widely used in
agriculture, veterinary and industries. Oxidative stress has been identified as
one of malathion’s main molecular mechanisms. The purpose of this study
was to evaluate protective role of EGCG against malathion induced genotoxicity
using human lymphocyte model. Blood samples from 8 non-smoker healthy volunteers
with no history of chemotherapy were collected and divided into six groups:
Control, EGCG (50 µM), EGCG (20 µM), Malathion
(24 µM), EGCG (50 µM)+Malathion
(24 µM) and EGCG (20 µM)+Malathion
(24 µM). For genotoxicity assay, we employed micronuclei test.
For antioxidant capacity evaluation, GSH content and MDA levels were measured.
Malathion showed significant genotoxic damage compared to the intact
lymphocytes, however, treatment with EGCG at both concentrations were reduced
the genotoxic effect of malathion. Malathion induced lipid peroxidation, while
pre-treatment with EGCG at both concentrations, significantly protected the
lymphocytes against malathion induced lipid peroxidation. Malathion
significantly reduced GSH content, but pre-treatment with EGCG significantly
recovered GSH content. Overall this study demonstrated that EGCG (at both
concentrations) significantly prevents human lymphocytes against malathion
induced genotoxicity and oxidative damage.
Defining the endoscopic ultrasound features of chronic pancreatitis in Asians: a multicenter validation study
Authors: Koh Calvin Jianyi , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Kida Mitsuhiro , Lesmana Cosmas Rinaldi A. , Ang Tiing Leong , Vu Charles Kieng Fong , Aye Than Than , Park Sun Hwa , Almadi Majid A. , Chong Charing Ching-Ning , Tang Raymond Shing Yan , Wu Xi , Hilmi Ida , Dhir Vinay , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Basha Jahangeer , Jin Zhen-Dong , Yang Ai Ming , Teoh Anthony Yuen Bun , Seo Dong-Wan , Wang Hsiu-Po , Ho Khek Yu 
Published: July 2020

Background Although endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) features and criteria have been described in chronic pancreatitis, challenges remain with interoperator variability and ease of adoption. The aim of this study was to define and validate the EUS features of chronic pancreatitis in a multicenter prospective study in Asia.
Method The study was divided into two parts: the first part was conducted to derive the EUS features of chronic pancreatitis with adequate interoperator agreement; the second was to prospectively evaluate these features in a multicenter cross-sectional study and determine the optimal combination of features for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Prospectively enrolled cases had standard internationally validated radiologic or histologic features of chronic pancreatitis, and controls were patients without chronic pancreatitis who underwent EUS examination.
Results The top six EUS features that had good interobserver agreement (mean kappa 0.73, range 0.60 – 0.90) were selected to be further evaluated in part II of the study. These included: hyperechoic foci with shadowing, lobularity with honeycombing, cysts, dilated main pancreatic duct, dilated side branches, and calculi in the main pancreatic duct. A total of 284 subjects (132 cases, 152 controls) were enrolled from 12 centers in Asia. All six features had high accuracy ranging from 63.3 % to 89.1 %. Two or more of these six EUS features accurately defined chronic pancreatitis (sensitivity 94.7 %, specificity 98.0 %), with an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.986.
Conclusion This multicenter Asian study characterized and defined the EUS features of chronic pancreatitis. This provides a useful tool in clinical practice and further research in pancreatic cancer surveillance.
The Experience of an Italian Public Homeopathy Clinic during the COVID-19 Epidemic, March–May 2020
Authors: Rossi Elio Giovanni 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, hospital outpatient clinics progressively decreased their activities; in March 2020 they were closed except for emergencies. During this period, the activities of the public Homeopathy Outpatient Clinic of Lucca aimed at guaranteeing therapeutic continuity to patients by means of telephone or video consultations, and searching for homeopathic medicines that best responded to early COVID-19 symptoms. In March 2020, the Complementary Medicine Working Group participated in the organization of a mission of COVID-19 Chinese experts for the online training of professionals working in the Tuscan Healthcare System. The medical staff of the Lucca Clinic also cooperated in telephone health surveillance of infected patients at home, seroprevalence investigations using the capillary blood rapid test, and the implementation of the CLIFICOL (Clinical Files Collection) project.
Rasch Analysis for the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement Version in Individuals Awaiting Total Knee Replacement Surgery
Authors: Mehta Saurabh P. , Jobes Joshua , Parsemain Chloe , Lu Steve , Kelley Kristie , Oliashirazi Ali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to verify the single-factor structure of the joint replacement version of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-JR) and examine its measurement properties in the context of Rasch analysis in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis of the knee (KOA) awaiting total knee replacement (TKR). The study design was retrieval of prospectively collected clinical data. The data were extracted from the presurgery visit for individuals with KOA who were scheduled for primary TKR at a tertiary care hospital. Those who were scheduled for revision of TKR had any other lower extremity injury or surgery during 6 months prior to the presurgery visit, or those who had reported pre-existing neurological impairments affecting the lower extremity functions were excluded during data extraction. The assumptions of Rasch analysis that were examined included the test of fit, fit of residuals, ordering of item thresholds, Pearson separation index, differential item functioning (DIF), dependency, and unidimensionality. The main outcome measure was KOOS-JR. Data were extracted for 283 patients, including 112 men and 160 women, from clinical charts. The KOOS-JR demonstrated good overall fit to the Rasch model. However, it failed to meet the assumption of unidimensionality. None of the items demonstrated DIF or concerns with response thresholds. Person–item threshold distribution indicated that the score for KOOS-JR overestimated person traits with floor and ceiling effects. Reliability statistics were equal to 0.9, suggesting that seven items within the KOOS-JR were internally consistent and reliable. The hypothetical unidimensional KOOS-JR could not be reproduced in our sample in that KOOS-JR had a latent construct. Future research should perform exploratory factor analysis to examine this latent construct.
Electrocardiography Parameters Changes in Epilepsy and Febrile Convulsion Children Compared with Controls
Authors: Noori Noor Mohammad , Teimouri Alireza , Khajeh Ali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEpilepsy and febrile convulsion are the most common neurological diseases with significant effect on cardiac functions. This study aimed to evaluate electrocardiography parameters alterations in epilepsy and febrile convulsion children compared with controls. In this comparison study, 270 children analyzed who shared equally in epilepsy, febrile convulsion, and healthy that aged from 0.5 to 5 years. The participants were collected from Ali ibn Abi Talib Hospital of Zahedan, Iran. Epilepsy confirmed based on definition of having at least two unprovoked seizures in 24 hours. Febrile convulsion was confirmed based on its definition by the International League against Epilepsy. Healthy children selected from those referred to the hospital with fever and without any underline diseases. Electrocardiography was performed by a pediatric cardiologist. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 with p < 0.05 significant level. Heart rate was higher in epilepsy (129.64 ± 27.63) compared with control (108.78 ± 26.01) and febrile convulsion (125.79 ± 25.38; X
2 = 28.701, p < 0.001). S wave in lead V1 was higher in controls (0.72 ± 0.36) compared with epilepsy (0.58 ± 0.45) and febrile convulsion (0.58 ± 0.36). QT dispersion and QTc dispersion levels were higher in epilepsy than febrile convulsion children that both were higher than controls. Concluded that R in aVL, LV mass (LVM), QT dispersion, and QTc dispersion were higher significantly in epilepsy compared with febrile convulsion children. To maintain a good strategic treatment in patients with epilepsy and febrile convulsion, there is a need to assess alternations in ECG parameters, especially QT interval changes that lead to better comprehensive autonomic changes.
Mind the gap
Authors: Popa-Wyatt Mihaela 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hyperbole is traditionally understood as
exaggeration. I argue instead that the point of hyperbole is
emphasis. By overstating that things are
greater (lesser) than
expected, hoped, or desired, we shift the salience of the target
property, thus making it more emphatic. This enables to express
surprise or other relevant affect in reaction to how much, or how
little, our expectations have been either exceeded or thwarted. This
purpose is well suited to hyperbolic expression. This is because
hyperbole naturally draws a contrast between how things are and how
they were expected to be, exaggerating the gap between them. I
conclude by considering the characteristics of hyperbolic figures
where hyperbole mixes with other figures of speech.
Metaphor as sign and as symbol
Authors: Veale Tony 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Metaphors come as second nature to users of
language because they are so often the norm. We trade in them
deftly, to the point of seeming indifference to, and sometimes even
ignorance of, their figurative natures. But the opposite is also
true, since words that are offered with the plainest of intentions
can be granted a metaphorical significance by those who wish to
perceive it. In this paper we contribute to the debate about
deliberate metaphors by exploring a related
concept, the potential metaphor. Any text that
supports a non-literal interpretation is a potential metaphor,
regardless of its author’s avowed intentions. We build on this
distinction to model the mechanical generation of metaphors as an
opportunistic process, whereby potential metaphors are converted
into deliberate metaphors. We argue that the distinction between
potential and deliberate is mirrored in that between signs and
symbols, and demonstrate how this understanding leads to a more
nuanced basis for generating and interpreting metaphors on a
machine.
Revisiting pre-inflationary Universe of family of
α
-attractor in loop quantum cosmology
Authors: Shahalam M , Al Ajmi Mudhahir , Myrzakulov R , Wang Anzhong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work, we revisit the dynamics of pre-inflationary Universe with a family of α-attractor potentials, in the framework of loop quantum cosmology, in which the big bang singularity is generically resolved purely with quantum geometric effects, and replaced by a quantum bounce. At the bounce, the background evolution is divided into two distinct classes, the first is dominated by the kinetic energy of the inflaton field and the second by the potential energy. In both classes, we find the physically viable initial conditions numerically that provide not only the slow-roll inflation, but also sufficient e-folds to be compatible with observations. In the entire range of kinetic energy dominated initial conditions (except some subsets of models 2 and 4), the background evolution prior to reheating is always split into three different phases: bouncing, transition and slow-roll inflation. In the bouncing phase, the numerical evolution of the scale factor is independent not only of the initial data, but also the inflationary potentials, as long as it is dominated by the kinetic energy, and can be well approximated by an analytical solution, whereas in the potential energy dominated case, such approximated results do not exist. Moreover, we study the phase space analysis for a class of α-attractor potentials, and discuss the phase space trajectories for physically viable initial conditions of the inflaton field.
Growth of large-scale two-dimensional insulator Na2Ta4O11 through chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Jin Yuanyuan , Li Huimin , Liu Song 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The insulator Na2Ta4O11 has been considered as a potential photocatalyst. However, little attention has been given to the synthesis of Na2Ta4O11 nanoparticles, let alone the growth of two-dimensional (2D) layered Na2Ta4O11 flake, which may bring innovative properties and promising applications. Here, the 2D thin-layer Na2Ta4O11 flake was first produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, with the smallest thickness reported currently. We have also synthesized 2D Na2Ta4O11 flake over 100 μm, which was the largest value over the 2D level reported to date. Our work proposed novel strategies to synthesize other 2D metal oxide material and endow the Na2Ta4O11 more properties and applications.
Gate-regulated transition temperatures for electron hopping behaviours in silicon junctionless nanowire transistors
Authors: Wu Xinyu , Han Weihua , Zhao Xiaosong , Guo Yangyan , Zhang Xiaodi , Yang Fuhua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We investigate gate-regulated transition temperatures for electron hopping behaviours through discrete ionized dopant atoms in silicon junctionless nanowire transistors. We demonstrate that the localization length of the wave function in the spatial distribution is able to be manipulated by the gate electric field. The transition temperatures regulated as the function of the localization length and the density of states near the Fermi energy level allow us to understand the electron hopping behaviours under the influence of thermal activation energy and Coulomb interaction energy. This is useful for future quantum information processing by single dopant atoms in silicon.
Graphene plasmonic nanoresonators/graphene heterostructures for efficient room-temperature infrared photodetection
Authors: Sun Tian , Ma Weiliang , Liu Donghua , Bao Xiaozhi , Shabbir Babar , Yuan Jian , Li Shaojuan , Wei Dacheng , Bao Qiaoliang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
High-performance infrared (IR) photodetectors made by low dimensional materials promise a wide range of applications in communication, security and biomedicine. Moreover, light-harvesting effects based on novel plasmonic materials and their combinations with two-dimensional (2D) materials have raised tremendous interest in recent years, as they may potentially help the device complement or surpass currently commercialized IR photodetectors. Graphene is a particularly attractive plasmonic material because graphene plasmons are electrically tunable with a high degree of electromagnetic confinement in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) to terahertz regime and the field concentration can be further enhanced by forming nanostructures. Here, we report an efficient mid-IR room-temperature photodetector enhanced by plasmonic effect in graphene nanoresonators (GNRs)/graphene heterostructure. The plasmon polaritons in GNRs are size-dependent with strong field localization. Considering that the size and density of GNRs are controllable by chemical vapor deposition method, our work opens a cost-effective and scalable pathway to fabricate efficient IR optoelectronic devices with wavelength tunability.
Track propagation for different detector and magnetic field setups in Acts
Authors: Klimpel Fabian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Track finding and fitting are among the most complex parts of event reconstruction in high-energy physics, and usually dominate the computing time in a high luminosity environment. A central part of track reconstruction is the transport of a given track parametrisation (i.e. the parameter estimation and associated covariance matrices) through the detector, respecting the magnetic field setup and the traversed detector material. While track propagation in a sparse environment (e.g. tracking detector with layers) can be sufficiently well approximated by considering discrete interactions at several positions, the propagation in a material dense environment (e.g. calorimeters) is better served by a continuous application of material effects. Recently, a common tracking software project (Acts), originally from the Common Tracking code of the ATLAS experiment, has been developed in order to preserve the algorithmic concepts from the LHC start-up era and prepare them for the high luminosity era of the LHC and beyond. The software is designed in an abstract, detector independent way and prepared to allow highly parallelised execution of all involved software modules, including magnetic field access and alignment conditions. Therefore the propagation algorithm needs to be both flexible and adjustable. The implemented solution using a fourth order Runge-Kutta-Nyström integration and its extension with continuous material integration and eventual time propagation is presented and the navigation through different geometry setups involving different environments is demonstrated.