bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of psychoeducation based on the cognitive‐behavioral approach on premenstrual syndrome symptoms: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Başoğul Ceyda , Aydın Özkan Semiha , Karaca Türkan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe present study investigated the effects of psychoeducation based on a cognitive‐behavioral approach on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms in young adult women.Design and MethodsThe study was performed as a randomized controlled trial. The sample size was identified as 90 (45 intervention group/45 control group) students. The psychoeducation intervention consisted of five sessions performed over a 4‐week period.FindingsThere was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest total mean scores of the intervention group that received psychoeducation (P < .05). There was also a significant difference in depressive thoughts, irritability, and fatigue mean scores between the two groups (P < .05).Practical ImplicationsThe use of this approach and its inclusion in nursing care interventions is recommended to reduce PMS symptoms in young adult women.
Intensity, moderation, and the pressures of expectation: Calculation and coercion in the street‐level practice of welfare conditionality
Authors: Kaufman James 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article offers a street‐level perspective on welfare conditionality as it was practiced in contracted‐out UK activation programs between 2008 and 2015. Drawing on observation and in‐depth interviews, the article illustrates the ways that behavioral conditionality provided street‐level workers with the means to intensify or moderate activation for particular claimants. Responding to arguments about the curtailment of street‐level discretion, the article argues that in the particular context of target‐driven, work‐first, and otherwise highly constrained services, discretion resided in the ability to intensify or moderate conditionality and its coercive potential—in decisions about how, on whom, and to what extent it would be applied. The article argues that attending to this form of discretion provides an alternative frame through which to view the differentiated treatment typically understood as “creaming” and “parking.” In so doing, the article problematizes accounts that draw clear lines between calculative, normative, and dispositional forms of street‐level reason and practice. It shows how advisors' responses to the “street‐level calculus of choice” were articulated in terms of expectation, where attempts at future‐oriented calculation necessarily entailed making other forms of speculative and normative judgement about claimants and their situations. The article thus contributes to an understanding of both the causes and meaning of differentiated treatment in conditional welfare services.
Dynamics of zinc under long‐term application of chemical fertilizers and amendments by maize–wheat cropping sequence in Typic Hapludalfs
Authors: Shambhavi Shweta , Kumar Rakesh , Padbhushan Rajeev , Verma Gayatri , Sharma Surya Prakash , Sharma Sanjay K. , Sharma Raj Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis present investigation took place on a continuing long‐term fertilizer experiment, initiated in 1972 at the experimental farm of the College of Agriculture CSK HPKV, Palampur, aimed at studying nutrient dynamics of micronutrients, especially Zn, after continuous use of chemical fertilizers and amendments over the previous 36 years in an acid Alfisol under a maize–wheat system. Treatments investigated were as follows: T1: Control; 100% N; 100% NP; 100% NPK (optimal application ‐ 120:26:33(maize)/25(wheat)); 100% NPK + FYM (10 t ha−1 to the maize crop); T6: 100% NPK + lime (900 kg ha−1); T7: 100% NPK + Zn (25 kg ha−1 as ZnSO4); T8: 100% NPK + Hand weeding; T9: 100% NPK (‐S); T10: 150% NPK (super‐optimal application); and T11: 50% NPK (sub‐optimal application). Different forms of zinc in soil were determined through a sequential extraction method. Results revealed that previous applications of high‐analysis fertilizers and amendments caused a marked depletion in the pools of Zn as compared to buffer plots. All pools of Zn as well as crop productivity and Zn uptake were noticeably greater in farmyard manure (FYM)‐amended plots compared with plots not receiving fertilizer. The residual fraction was the dominant form but organically bound and exchangeable forms were found to play major role in nutrient supply, crop productivity and nutrient uptake. Correlation and regression analysis studies showed that organic forms constituted the most important pool contributing towards variation in yield and uptake by maize and wheat crops. Exchangeable and organically bound forms contributed significantly towards the availability of DTPA‐extractable Zn in soil.
Very early‐onset ofCryptococcus neoformansdisease following liver transplantation: Report of two cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Marinelli Tina , Anagnostou Nicholas , Daniel Santhosh , Wigg Alan J. , Teh Joanne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCryptococcosis is the third most common invasive fungal infection following solid organ transplantation, and mortality is high. Most cases occur late and are due to reactivation of latent infection; however, very early reactivation and donor‐derived transmission can occur. Routine screening pre‐transplant and antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcosis post‐transplant in solid organ transplantation are not standard practice. We present two cases of very early‐onsetCryptococcus neoformansdisease following liver transplantation to highlight the need to consider individualized pre‐transplant screening and be aware that reactivation ofCryptococcosis neoformanscan occur in the immediate post‐transplant period.
Thin film occlusion of an intra‐abdominal vein in cats
Authors: Freund Kristin A. , Wallace Mandy L. , Secrest Scott A. , Lieske Danielle E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the occlusion of an intra‐abdominal vessel as a model of an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt by thin film banding in a controlled setting and to document histologically the perivascular region's response to thin film banding after 8 weeks.Study designExperimental study.AnimalsSix purpose‐bred healthy domestic short hair cats.MethodsThin film bands were placed around the external iliac vein, with a sham procedure on the contralateral vessel. Closure rates were monitored via computed tomographic angiography (CTA) every 2 weeks for a total of 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the vessels were resected, if possible, and submitted for histopathologic evaluation.ResultsAll cats tolerated the procedure without surgical complications. Eight weeks after surgery, closure was evaluated as complete in one cat, marked in two cats, moderate in one cat, and mild in two cats according to CTA. Histological examination (in three cats) was consistent with chronic, multifocal, granulomatous inflammation with moderate fibrosis and collagen degeneration.ConclusionVenous occlusion was inconsistent and often incomplete 8 weeks after thin film banding of the external iliac vein despite the presence of moderate to abundant perivascular fibrous tissue.Clinical significanceVascular occlusion by thin film banding in cats is mainly incomplete after 2 months. This study supports the theory that high level of residual shunting may be expected in some cats after thin film banding.
Hypertension and sympathetic nervous system overactivity rely on the vascular tone of pial vessels of the rostral ventrolateral medulla in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Malheiros‐Lima Milene R. , Antunes Vagner R. , Takakura Ana C. , Moreira Thiago S. 
Published: December 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Is purinergic signalling in the pial vessels involved in the control of vascular tone in the ventral surface of the brainstem, affecting high blood pressure and sympathetic overactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The regulation of vascular tone in the ventral surface of the brainstem is tailored to support neuronal functions, arterial pressure and sympathetic activity. This adds one more piece in the complex puzzle to understand the central mechanisms underlying the genesis of hypertension.

AbstractEvidence suggests the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) region is chronically hypoperfused and hypoxic in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which can facilitate ATP release throughout the brainstem. Thus, we hypothesized that purinergic signalling plays a key role in the increased vascular tone in the RVLM region, which in turn could be responsible for the high sympathetic tone and blood pressure in the SHR. The application of an antagonist of P2 receptors, pyridoxalphosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulfonic acid (10 µm), or of P2Y1a receptors, MRS2179 (100 µm), on the surface of RVLM pial vessels of SHR produced an increase in the diameter of blood vessels (PPADS: 31 ± 1.4 µm or MRS2179: 32 ± 0.78 µm vs. saline: 27 ± 1.2 µm), an effect not observed in normotensive Wistar rats. In addition, the antagonism of P2 receptors was able to evoke a significant decrease in the arterial pressure, heart rate and splanchnic nerve activity in SHR, but not in Wistar rats. Our data show that SHR have higher vascular tone of pial vessels in the RVLM region when compared to the normotensive Wistar rats, a mechanism that relies on purinergic signalling through P2 receptors, suggesting a possible association with higher activity of sympathoexcitatory neurones, and sustained increases in blood pressure.
Investigation on Vibration Response for Misaligned Rotor-Bearing-Flexible Disc Coupling System—Theory and Experiment
Authors: Tuckmantel F. W. S. , Castro H. F. , Cavalca K. L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractModeling of the dynamic behavior of the rotating system when subject to misaligned shafts is an interesting subject, aiming either the selection of appropriate couplings from early stages of project or the monitoring and model-based diagnosis of such machines. This research is focused on the dynamics of the system when angular misalignment is induced. The methodology to take into account this fault is based on the structural analysis of the flexible coupling, with the consequent use of cyclic restoring forces and moments exerted by this component on the coupled shafts. Structural analysis of metallic disc coupling is conducted by means of the finite element method, in which the flexible disc component is modeled using thin shell formulation. Once misalignments are applied, the cyclic nature of coupling efforts is captured by the application of consecutive shaft spin angles. Steady-state response is simulated and then displacements spectrum are analyzed in order to highlight harmonic components rising due to misalignment. Test rig measurements are performed, and the theoretical model is discussed in terms of locus, frequency response function (FRF), orbit shape, and spectrum information. Disc coupling is regarded, as limited literature in vibration spectrums is available for this type of coupling.
Effects of Operating Conditions on the Heat Management of a Microscale Fuel Cell
Authors: Sun Liyong , Hollinger Adam S. , Zhou Jun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Higher energy densities and the potential for nearly instantaneous recharging make microscale fuel cells very attractive as power sources for portable technology in comparison with standard battery technology. Heat management is very important to the microscale fuel cells because of the generation of waste heat. Waste heat generated in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells includes oxygen reduction reaction in the cathode catalyst, hydrogen oxidation reaction in the anode catalyst, and Ohmic heating in the membrane. A novel microscale fuel cell design is presented here that utilizes a half-membrane electrode assembly. An ANSYS Fluent model is presented to investigate the effects of operating conditions on the heat management of this microscale fuel cell. Five inlet fuel temperatures are 22°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C. Two fuel flow rate are 0.3 mL/min and 2 mL/min. The fuel cell is simulated under natural convection and forced convection. The simulations predict thermal profiles throughout this microscale fuel cell design. The exit temperature of fuel stream, oxygen stream and nitrogen stream are obtained to determine the rate of heat removal. Simulation results show that the fuel stream dominates heat removal at room temperature. As inlet fuel temperature increases, the majority of heat removal occurs via convection with the ambient air by the exposed current collector surfaces. The top and bottom current collector removes almost the same amount of heat. The model also shows that the heat transfer through the oxygen channel and nitrogen channel is minimal over the range of inlet fuel temperatures. Increasing fuel flow rate and ambient air flow both increase the heat removal by the exposed current collector surfaces. Ultimately, these simulations can be used to determine design points for best performance and durability in a single-channel microscale fuel cell.
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Micro Oscillating Heat Pipes With and Without Expanding Channels
Authors: Sun Qin , Qu Jian , Yuan Jianping , Wang Hai , Thompson Scott M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The oscillating heat pipe is considered a promising candidate for high-efficiency and compact thermal control for next-generation electronics. In this paper, the visualized flow and heat transfer characteristics of two silicon-based micro oscillating heat pipes (micro-OHPs) with expanding and straight channels, respectively, were experimentally investigated. The overall size of these two micro-OHPs are both 28 mm × 23 mm × 1.025 mm and have thirty rectangular cross-section channels. The hydraulic diameter of parallel direct channel is 332.4 μm, while they are about 364.4 and 287.0 μm at the two ends of expanding channel, respectively. R141b was used as the working fluid with the volumetric filling ratio of 50%. Inside these two micro-devices, the fluid oscillating motion, including unidirectional movement and intermittent stopovers, was observed at the quasi-steady oscillation state, accompanied by bubbly flow, slug flow and annular/semi-annular flow in microchannels. The micro-OHP with expanding channels possessed better thermal performance and could achieve ephemeral circulation flow, while poorer heat transfer performance occurred for the micro-OHP with straight channels due to more localized slug/plug oscillations and intermittent stopovers. The oscillating amplitudes of liquid slugs are presented to estimate the flow behavior of working fluid inside micro-OHPs. The introduction of expanding channels in a micro-OHP is beneficial for realizing the more robust oscillating motion of liquid slugs with larger oscillating amplitudes for heat transfer enhancement.
Topological Phonon Polaritons for Thermal Radiation Control
Authors: Wang B. X. , Zhao C. Y. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Topological phonon polaritons (TPhPs) are highly localized edge modes that can achieve a strong confinement of electromagnetic waves and are topologically protected to be immune to impurities and disorder. In this paper, we theoretically study the topological phonon polaritons (TPhPs) in one-dimensional (1D) dimerized silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticle (NP) chains, as an extension of the celebrated Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model. We analytically calculate the band structure and complex Zak phase for such chains by taking all near-field and far-field interactions into account. It is found that the 1D dimerized chain supports nontrivial topological states as long as the dimeriza-tion parameter β &gt; 0.5 and the long-range interactions are weak, although the system is non-Hermitian. By analyzing the distribution of eigenmodes and their participation ratios (PRs), we comprehensively study the effects of disorder on the band structure and midgap modes. We reveal that such TPhPs are very robust under high-degree disorders and even enhanced by the disorder. Through a finite-size scaling analysis, we show this enhancement can be attributed to Anderson localization scheme. These topological phonon polaritonic states provide an efficient interface for thermal radiation control in the mid-infrared.
Numerical Study on Flow and Heat and Mass Transfer in Pulsating Heat Pipe
Authors: Liu Jian-Hong , Shang Fu-Min , Efimov Nikolay 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Numerical simulation was performed to establishing a two-dimensional pulsating heat pipe model, to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics in the pulsating heat pipe by using the Mixture and Euler models, which were unsteady models of vapor-liquid two-phase, based on the control-volume numerical procedure utilizing the semi-implicit method. Through comparing and analyzing the volume fraction and velocity magnitude of gas phase to decide which model was more suitable for numerical simulation of the pulsating heat pipe in heat and mass transfer research. It was showed there had gas phase forming in stable circulation flow in the heating section, the adiabatic section using the Mixture and Euler models respectively, and they were all in a fluctuating state at 10s, besides, the pulsating heat pipe had been starting up at 1s and stabilizing at 5s, it was all found that small bubbles in the heat pipe coalescing into large bubbles and gradually forming into liquid plugs and gas columns from the contours of volume fraction of the gas phase; through comparing the contours of gas phase velocity, it could be seen that there had further stably oscillating flow and relatively stabler gas-liquid two-phase running speed in the pulsating heat pipe used the Mixture model, the result was consistent with the conclusion of the paper[11] extremely, from this it could conclude that the Mixture model could be better simulate the vaporization-condensation process in the pulsating heat pipe, which could provide an effective theoretical support for further understanding and studying the phase change heat and mass transfer mechanism of the pulsating heat pipe.
Evaluation of Existing Frictional Pressure Drop Correlations During Condensation of R410A in Four Horizontal Tubes
Authors: Shen Kunrong , Sun Zhichuan , Li Wei , Ma Xiang , He Yan , Lin Yuansheng , Ke Zhiwu , Ke Hanbing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Results are presented here from an experimental investigation on tube side condensation characteristics that took place in four tested tubes — 1EHT-1, 1EHT-2, 4LB and a smooth tube. The equivalent outer diameter of the tubes was 9.52 mm and the inner diameter was 8.32 mm. Condensation tests were conducted using refrigerant R410A at a saturation temperature of 318K, over a mass flow range of 150–450 kgm−2s−1, with inlet and outlet vapor quality of 0.8 and 0.2, respectively. Pressure drop data of the four tested tubes were collected to evaluate five identified prediction correlations based on the separated flow model and the homogeneous flow model. For 1EHT-2 and the smooth tube, all the listed correlations manage to present predictions with the Mean Absolute Relative Deviation (MARD) less than 30%, while they underestimate the frictional pressure drop of the 4LB tube with MARD exceeding 40% averagely. Regarding the experimental data, it is found that the Muller-Steinhagen and Heck correlation presents the most accurate and stable prediction for the 4 tested tubes. The listed homogeneous flow correlations can provide acceptable predictions with MARD ranging from 25% to 40% under a few conditions, but their average predictive accuracies are inferior to that of the separated flow correlations. Consequently, the separated flow approach performs better than the homogeneous flow model in the prediction of frictional pressure drop for our experimental data.
Study on Forced Convective Heat Transfer of FC-72 in Vertical Small Tubes
Authors: Li Yantao , Ji Yulong , Fukuda Katsuya , Liu Qiusheng , Ma Hongbin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the forced convective heat transfer of FC-72 was experimentally investigated for various of parameters like velocity, inlet temperature, tube size, and exponential period of heat generation rate. Circular tubes with different inner diameters (1, 1.8 and 2.8 mm) and heated lengths (30–50 mm) were used in this study. The experiment data suggest that the single-phase heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing flow velocity as well as decreasing tube diameter and ratio of heated length to inner diameter. The experiment data were nondimensionalized to study the effect of Reynolds number (Red) on forced convection heat transfer. The results indicate that the relation between Nusselt numbers (Nud) and Red for d = 2.8 mm show the same trend as the conventional correlations. However, the Nud for d = 1 and 1. 8 mm depend on Red in a different manner. The conventional heat transfer correlations are not adequate for prediction of forced convective heat transfer in mini channels. The heat transfer correlations for FC-72 in vertical small tubes with diameters of 1, 1.8 and 2.8 mm were developed separately based on the experiment data. The differences between experimental and predicted Nud are within ±15%.
Investigation on Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Thin Water Film by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Jin Lu , Zhou Leping 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This work provides a molecular dynamics simulation of the thermal conductivity and viscosity of thin water film. The results show that the average normal thermal conductivity and viscosity of thin water film is about an order of magnitude lower than those of bulk water, and they increase nonlinearly with the increase of thin film thickness. However, the viscosities at different sub-layers of a thin water film are apparently different. The density profiles at different positions of the thin water films are given to indicate their influence on the normal thermal conductivity and viscosity. The large increase of the viscosity and substantial decrease of the normal thermal conductivity in the near wall region of the substrate is influenced by the structural transition of thin water film because of its high density, which has prominent impact on the mean free path at the nanoscale. It provides a viable guidance for the mechanism study on the heat and mass transfer of an evaporating thin liquid film near the triple line.
Instabilities of Pre-Stretched Viscoelastic Flow in Microfluidic Cross-Slot Devices
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Wu , Wu Zhengwei , Cai Weihua , Zheng Zhiying , Chen Yicheng , Lan Chaofeng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper we experimentally studied the instabilities of pre-stretched viscoelastic fluid in cross-slot devices. We first investigate the instability of the flow in a standard cross-slot at different Weissenberg numbers without pre-stretch. It is found the viscoelastic flow is transformed from the steady symmetric state to the instabilities states including the steady asymmetric state and the non-periodically oscillated asymmetric state. This is due to the extension of the polymer in the viscoelastic fluid at the stagnation point stretched by the extensional flow in the cross-slot. We then modified the cross-slot channel in which the viscoelastic fluid is pre-stretched before entering the crossroad region. Due to the pre-stretch, elastic energy is pre-stored in the polymer, and the energy required to fully extend the polymer is also different with those extending from equilibrium state. As a result, the flow remains in the steady asymmetric state in all tested Weissenberg number condition.