bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Strength and Electromyography of the Evertor Muscles With and Without Toe Flexion in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Ahn Sun-hee , Hwang Ui-jae , Gwak Gyeong-tae , Yoo Hwa-ik , Kwon Oh-yun 
Published: January 2020

Background: Weakness of evertor strength is controversial in chronic ankle instability (CAI). Ankle evertor muscles are attached to the toe joints as well as to the metatarsal bone. Therefore, it is necessary to consider toe joint position for the measurement of evertor strength. The purpose of this study was to compare ankle evertor strength and muscle activity during eversion with and without toe flexion (TF) in individuals with CAI and individuals in a healthy group. Methods: Fifteen subjects with CAI and 15 healthy subjects participated in this study. Isometric ankle evertor strength and muscle activity of the peroneus longus (PL), peroneus brevis (PB), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were measured during eversion with and without TF. Results: The results indicated a significant interaction effect in evertor strength ( P = .03) and no significant interaction effect on EMG of the PL ( P = .08), PB ( P = .12), and EDL ( P = .28). However, measurements of muscle activity of the PL and PB between eversion with and without TF revealed a significant difference in the CAI group ( P < .01) and no significant difference in the healthy group (PL: P = .07; PB: P = .13). Conclusion: The results indicated that subjects with CAI had increased EDL compensation and reduced selective activation of the PL and PB during eversion. Clinical Relevance: Our findings suggest that clinicians should consider the activation of EDL when training the evertor of patients with CAI.
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous retrieval of transected radial artery catheter
Authors: Derycke Lucie , Mallios Alexandros 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To report our technique for percutaneous ultrasound-guided retrieval of accidentally transected arterial lines. Cases description: Two patients are reported herein; in both of these patients, a part of the 20-gauge catheter inserted for invasive monitoring of their blood pressure in the intensive care unit was accidentally transected with part of the catheter remaining in the radial artery. Both patients were initially asymptomatic; therefore, a minimally invasive technique was sought to remove the catheters without inducing significant risk. Under local anesthesia and ultrasound guidance at the patient bedside, a 6Fr slender sheath was introduced and with the help of a Fogarty catheter in one case, and in the other case, a 0.014-in hydrophobic wire was used to cannulate the catheter, and it was withdrawn into the sheath and removed with it uneventfully.
Technology Intervention: Rethinking the Role of Education and Faculty in the Transformative Digital Environment
Authors: Rosenbusch Katherine 
Published: January 2020

The Problem Technology has affected almost every aspect of our lives, including education. Higher education is shifting the dynamics of delivery methods from traditional face-to-face to online to blended modes. Many universities are reaching a physical space capacity and therefore are attempting to increase online enrollment and geographical footprint. These changes are shifting the nature of higher education and how faculty are being viewed, evaluated, and, to some degree, hired. This article will focus on highlighting the challenges and opportunities of utilizing technology within universities, especially human resource development (HRD) programs. The Solution Technology is transforming higher education. Institutions can serve as an incubator to reimagine and redesign education altogether for the good of society. Online, mobile, and blended learning have become a part of our future. An important step is tracking how these models are actively enriching learning outcomes. Universities must be at the forefront of advancing progressive learning approaches and understanding the impact of technology on faculty and students. The Stakeholders The key stakeholders for this article include faculty, students, and university administrators. It will also affect businesses and human resource professionals for talent acquisition.
Mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its role in liver cancer
Authors: Dhar Debanjan , Baglieri Jacopo , Kisseleva Tatiana , Brenner David A 
Published: January 2020

Hepatic fibrogenesis is a pathophysiological outcome of chronic liver injury hallmarked by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Fibrosis is a dynamic process that involves cross-talk between parenchymal cells (hepatocytes), hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells and both resident and infiltrating immune cells. In this review, we focus on key cell-types that contribute to liver fibrosis, cytokines, and chemokines influencing this process and what it takes for fibrosis to regress. We discuss how mitochondria and metabolic changes in hepatic stellate cells modulate the fibrogenic process. We also briefly review how the presence of fibrosis affects development of hepatocellular carcinoma.Impact statementAdvanced liver fibrosis results in cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and liver failure and often requires liver transplantation. Advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are also major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the basic mechanisms that influence liver fibrosis development and how oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic remodeling modulate HSC activation and indicate areas of potential therapeutic intervention.
‘Umbrella construct’ – an innovative technique for reconstruction of the proximal humerus after curettage in locally aggressive benign bone tumours
Authors: Gulia Ashish , Puri Ajay , Gupta Srinath , Kurisunkal Vineet 
Published: January 2020

Aim Reconstructing locally aggressive benign bone tumours of the proximal humerus after intralesional curettage is a challenge. We present a novel reconstruction technique ‘ Umbrella construct’ where a femoral head and a strut allograft are combined to reconstruct the cavity. Complications, graft incorporation time, functional (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score [MSTS]) and oncological outcomes were evaluated. Methods Between January 2006 and June 2017, 11 cases (10 giant cell tumours, 1 chondroblastoma) underwent curettage followed by reconstruction with Umbrella construct. There were six females and five males with a mean age of 23 years (range 14–36 years). The maximum longitudinal extent of disease was 9 cm (range 5–9 cm). Results The median follow-up was 54 months (range 34–122 months). The mean allograft incorporation time was 7 months (5–8 months). One patient had a graft fracture which was managed conservatively. Two cases developed local recurrence and the construct was revised to a prosthesis in both. The mean MSTS score for the nine cases with retained graft was 27 (23–29). Conclusions Umbrella construct is an effective reconstruction modality which helps to maintain joint congruity and limb length. It has acceptable oncological outcomes with good function.
Hematoma following total elbow arthroplasty: incidence, management, and outcomes
Authors: Zmistowski Benjamin , Chapman Talia , Sheth Mihir , Getz Charles L , Ramsey Matthew L , Namdari Surena 
Published: January 2020

Introduction This study investigates the incidence, risk factors for, and clinical outcomes of hematoma following total elbow arthroplasty. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patient and surgical characteristics as predictors of post-operative hematoma in 382 total elbow arthroplasty (196 primary, 157 revision, and 29 conversion) between May 2004 and February, 2017. For comparison of outcomes, cases were matched (1:2) with controls by age, gender, type of surgery, and surgical indication. Results Nineteen post-operative hematomas (5.0%; 19/382) were identified. Total elbow arthroplasty for post-traumatic arthritis (6.7%; 4/60), aseptic loosening (7.9%; 3/38), sequelae of periprosthetic joint infection (6.1%; 5/81), and non-union (28.6%; 2/7) had the highest incidence of hematoma. Clinic aspiration and compressive wrap was performed in 14 patients and avoided a return to the operating room in 78.6% (11/14). Seven patients (36.8%) required a return to the operating room, of which five (71.4%) had positive cultures and required treatment for prosthetic joint infection. Compared to the matched controls, hematoma formation predicted a higher rate of reoperation (36.8% versus 7.9%; p = 0.007) and a higher rate of subsequent prosthetic joint infection (35.7% versus 0%; p = 0.008). Conclusion Hematoma formation is associated with both prosthetic joint infection and return to the operating room after total elbow arthroplasty. Strategies to prevent hematoma formation after total elbow arthroplasty may reduce complication rates.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Italian language Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) as an outcome measure for total knee arthroplasty in an Italian population
Authors: Sansone Valerio , Fennema Peter , Applefield Rachel C. , Marchina Stefano , Ronco Raffaella , Pascale Walter , Pascale Valerio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith ever-increasing numbers of patients undergoing elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and as TKA is performed in increasingly younger patients, patient demands and expectations have also increased. With improved patient outcomes, new PROMs with heightened discriminatory power in well-performing patients are needed. The present study aimed to translate and validate the Italian version of the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12) as a tool for evaluating pre-operative through longitudinal post-operative outcomes in an Italian population.MethodsIn this prospective study, patients with unilateral osteoarthritis, undergoing TKA surgery between May 2015 and December 2017 were recruited to participate in the study. The FJS-12 and WOMAC were collected pre-operatively and at six and 12 months post-operatively. According to the COSMIN checklist, reliability, internal consistency, validity, responsiveness, effect size, and ceiling effects and floor effects were evaluated.ResultsOne hundred twenty patients completed the study, 66 of which participated in the evaluation of test-retest reliability. Good test-retest reliability was found (ICC = 0.90). The FJS-12 also showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.81). Construct validity with the WOMAC, as a measure of the Pearson correlation coefficient, was moderate (r = 0.45 pre-operatively; r = 0.46 at 6 months and r = 0.42 at 12 months post-operatively). From six to 12 months, the change was slightly greater for the WOMAC than for the FJS-12 patients (effect size d = 0.94; d = 0.75, respectively). At 12-months follow-up, the ceiling effects reflecting the maximum score were 12% for the FJS-12 and 6% for the WOMAC; however, scores within 10% of the maximum score were comprised 30% of the FJS-12 scores and 59% for the WOMAC.ConclusionThe Italian FJS-12 demonstrated strong measurement properties in terms of reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity in TKA patients. Furthermore, a more detailed look at ceiling effects shows a superior discriminatory capacity when compared to the WOMAC at 12-months follow-up, particularly in better-performing patients.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.govNCT03805490. Registered 18 January 2019 (retrospectively registered).
Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with and without subacromial decompression is safe and effective: a clinical study
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Petrillo Stefano , Candela Vincenzo , Rizzello Giacomo , Loppini Mattia , Maffulli Nicola , Denaro Vincenzo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubacromial decompression, that consists of the release of the coracoid-acromial ligament, subacromial bursectomy and anterior-inferior acromioplasty, has traditionally been performed in the management of this pathology. However, the purpose of subacromial decompression procedure is not clearly explained. Our reaserch aimed to analyse the differences among the outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR) made with suture anchors, with or without the subacromial decompression procedure.Methods116 shoulders of 107 patients affected by rotator cuff (RC) tear were treated with Arthroscopic RCR. In 54 subjectes, the arthroscopic RCR and the subacromial decompression procedure (group A) were executed, whereas 53 took only arthroscopic RCR (group B). Clinical outcomes were evaluated through the use of the modified UCLA shoulder rating system, Wolfgang criteria shoulder score and Oxford shoulder score (OSS). Functional outcomes were assessed utilizing active and passive range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder, and muscle strength. The duration of the follow up and the configuration of the acromion were used to realize the comparison between the two groups.ResultsIn patients with 2 to 5 year follow up, UCLA score resulted greater in group A patients. In subjectes with longer than five years of follow up, group B patients showed considerably greater UCLA score and OSS if related with group A patients. In subjectes that had the type II acromion, group B patients presented a significant greater strength in external rotation.ConclusionThe long term clinical outcomes resulted significantly higher in patients treated only with RCR respect the ones in patients underwent to RCR with subacromial decompression.
Postoperative diagnostic potentials of median nerve strain and applied pressure measurement after carpal tunnel release
Authors: Yoshii Yuichi , Tung Wen-lin , Yuine Hiroshi , Ishii Tomoo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bakground
The objective of this study is to investigate the prognostic values of median nerve strain and applied pressure measurement for the assessment of clinical recovery after carpal tunnel release.

Methods
Forty-five wrists, from 45 idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome patients who treated with open carpal tunnel release, were evaluated by ultrasound. Median nerve strain, pressure applied to the skin, and ratio of pressure-strain were measured at the proximal part of the carpal tunnel. In addition, distal latencies in the motor and sensory nerve conductions studies and cross-sectional area of median nerve were measured. The parameters were compared before and after the open carpal tunnel release. According to patient recovery, the receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to evaluate the prognostic values of the parameters. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were compared among parameters.

Results
There was a significant increase in the median nerve strain, and significant decreases in the pressure applied to the skin and ratio of pressure-strain after carpal tunnel release (P < 0.01). There were significant decreases in the distal latencies and the cross-sectional area after carpal tunnel release (P < 0.01). The areas under the curves were 0.689, 0.773, 0.811, 0.668, 0.637, and 0.562 for the pressure, strain, pressure-strain ratio, motor latency, sensory latency, and area, respectively.

Conclusions
The results suggest that elasticity of the median nerve and pressure around the nerve recover quickly after carpal tunnel release. Pressure-strain ratio was the most reliable parameter to reflect clinical recovery. The measurement of strain and applied pressure can be useful indicators to evaluate effectiveness of the carpal tunnel release.

Trial registration
Registered as NCT04027998 at ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrospectively registered on July 22, 2019.
Attenuation of sleep deprivation dependent deterioration in male fertility parameters by vitamin C
Authors: Rizk Nermin I. , Rizk Mohamed S. , Mohamed Asmaa S. , Naguib Yahya M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeMale fertility is multifaceted and its integrity is as well multifactorial. Normal spermatogenesis is dependent on competent testicular function; namely normal anatomy, histology, physiology and hormonal regulation. Lifestyle stressors, including sleep interruption and even deprivation, have been shown to seriously impact male fertility. We studied here both the effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of vitamin C on male fertility in sleep deprived rats.MethodsThirty male Wistar albino rats were used in the present study. Rats were divided (10/group) into: control (remained in their cages with free access to food and water), sleep deprivation (SD) group (subjected to paradoxical sleep deprivation for 5 consequent days, rats received intra-peritoneal injections of vehicle daily throughout the sleep deprivation), and sleep deprivation vitamin C-treated (SDC) group (subjected to sleep deprivation for 5 consequent days with concomitant intra-peritoneal injections of 100 mg/kg/day vitamin C). Sperm analysis, hormonal assay, and measurement of serum oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were performed. Testicular gene expression of Nrf2 and NF-κβ was assessed. Structural changes were evaluated by testicular histopathology, while PCNA immunostaining was conducted to assess spermatogenesis.ResultsSleep deprivation had significantly altered sperm motility, viability, morphology and count. Serum levels of cortisol, corticosterone, IL-6, IL-17, MDA were increased, while testosterone and TAC levels were decreased. Testicular gene expression of Nrf2 was decreased, while NF-κβ was increased. Sleep deprivation caused structural changes in the testes, and PCNA immunostaining showed defective spermatogenesis. Administration of vitamin C significantly countered sleep deprivation induced deterioration in male fertility parameters.ConclusionTreatment with vitamin C enhanced booth testicular structure and function in sleep deprived rats. Vitamin C could be a potential fertility enhancer against lifestyle stressors.
Lipopolysaccharide induces neuroinflammation in microglia by activating the MTOR pathway and downregulating Vps34 to inhibit autophagosome formation
Authors: Ye Xiaoxia , Zhu Mingming , Che Xiaohang , Wang Huiyang , Liang Xing-Jie , Wu Chunfu , Xue Xue , Yang Jingyu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Microglial activation is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation, which is present in almost all neurodegenerative diseases. While an initial inflammatory response mediated by microglia is considered to be protective, excessive pro-inflammatory response of microglia contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Although autophagy is involved in the suppression of inflammation, its role and mechanism in microglia are unclear.

Methods
In the present study, we studied the mechanism by which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects microglial autophagy and the effects of autophagy on the production of pro-inflammatory factors in microglial cells by western blotting, immunocytochemistry, transfection, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and real-time PCR. In a mouse model of neuroinflammation, generated by intraventricular injection of LPS (5 μg/animal), we induced autophagy by rapamycin injection and investigated the effects of enhanced autophagy on microglial activation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry.

Results
We found that autophagic flux was suppressed in LPS-stimulated N9 microglial cells, as evidenced by decreased expression of the autophagy marker LC3-II (lipidated form of MAP1LC3), as well as increased levels of the autophagy adaptor protein SQSTM1. LPS significantly decreased Vps34 expression in N9 microglial cells by activating the PI3KI/AKT/MTOR pathway without affecting the levels of lysosome-associated proteins and enzymes. More importantly, overexpression of Vps34 significantly enhanced the autophagic flux and decreased the accumulation of SQSTM1 in LPS-stimulated N9 microglial cells. Moreover, our results revealed that an LPS-induced reduction in the level of Vps34 prevented the maturation of omegasomes to phagophores. Furthermore, LPS-induced neuroinflammation was significantly ameliorated by treatment with the autophagy inducer rapamycin both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions
These data reveal that LPS-induced neuroinflammation in N9 microglial cells is associated with the inhibition of autophagic flux through the activation of the PI3KI/AKT/MTOR pathway, while enhanced microglial autophagy downregulates LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Thus, this study suggests that promoting the early stages of autophagy might be a potential therapeutic approach for neuroinflammation-associated diseases.
Dectin-1/Syk signaling triggers neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke in mice
Authors: Ye Xin-Chun , Hao Qi , Ma Wei-Jing , Zhao Qiu-Chen , Wang Wei-Wei , Yin Han-Han , Zhang Tao , Wang Miao , Zan Kun , Yang Xin-Xin , Zhang Zuo-Hui , Shi Hong-Juan , Zu Jie , Raza Hafiz Khuram , Zhang Xue-Ling , Geng De-Qin , Hu Jin-Xia , Cui Gui-Yun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (Dectin-1) receptor has been reported to be involved in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease and traumatic brain injury. The present study was designed to investigate the role of Dectin-1 and its downstream target spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in early brain injury after ischemic stroke using a focal cortex ischemic stroke model.

Methods
Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to a cerebral focal ischemia model of ischemic stroke. The neurological score, adhesive removal test, and foot-fault test were evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after ischemic stroke. Dectin-1, Syk, phosphorylated (p)-Syk, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was analyzed via western blotting in ischemic brain tissue after ischemic stroke and in BV2 microglial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in vitro. The brain infarct volume and Iba1-positive cells were evaluated using Nissl’s and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The Dectin-1 antagonist laminarin (LAM) and a selective inhibitor of Syk phosphorylation (piceatannol; PIC) were used for the intervention.

Results
Dectin-1, Syk, and p-Syk expression was significantly enhanced on days 3, 5, and 7 and peaked on day 3 after ischemic stroke. The Dectin-1 antagonist LAM or Syk inhibitor PIC decreased the number of Iba1-positive cells and TNF-α and iNOS expression, decreased the brain infarct volume, and improved neurological functions on day 3 after ischemic stroke. In addition, the in vitro data revealed that Dectin-1, Syk, and p-Syk expression was increased following the 3-h OGD and 0, 3, and 6 h of reperfusion in BV2 microglial cells. LAM and PIC also decreased TNF-α and iNOS expression 3 h after OGD/R induction.

Conclusion
Dectin-1/Syk signaling plays a crucial role in inflammatory activation after ischemic stroke, and further investigation of Dectin-1/Syk signaling in stroke is warranted.