bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixture toxicity analysis in zebrafish embryo: a time and concentration resolved study on mixture effect predictivity
Authors: Jakobs Gianina , Krüger Janet , Schüttler Andreas , Altenburger Rolf , Busch Wibke 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Humans and wildlife are continuously exposed to chemical mixtures. These mixtures vary in composition but typically contain hundreds of micropollutants at low concentrations. As it is not feasible to measure the toxicity of all possibly occurring mixtures, there is a need to predict mixture toxicity. Two models, Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA), have been applied to estimate mixture toxicity. Here, we compared measured with predicted toxicity of nine mixtures designed from 15 environmentally relevant substances in zebrafish embryos to investigate the usability of these models for predicting phenotypic effects in a whole organism short term acute assay.

Results
In total, we compared 177 toxicity values derived from 31 exposure scenarios with their predicted counterparts. Our results show that mixture toxicity was either correctly estimated (86%) by the prediction window, the concentration-effect space that is spanned between both models, or was underestimated with both models (14%). The CA model correctly predicted the measured mixture toxicity in 100% of cases when a prediction deviation factor of 2.5 was allowed. However, prediction accuracy of mixture toxicity prediction was dependent on exposure duration and mixture potency. The CA model showed highest prediction quality for long-term exposure with highly potent mixtures, respectively, whereas IA proved to be more accurate for short-term exposure with less potent mixtures. Obtained mixture concentration–response curves were steep and indicated the occurrence of remarkable combined effects as mixture constituents were applied at concentrations below their respective individual effect threshold in 90% of all investigated cases.

Conclusions
Experimental factors, such as exposure duration or mixture potency, influence the prediction accuracy of both inspected models. The CA model showed highest prediction accuracy even for a set of diverse mixtures and various exposure conditions. However, the prediction window served as the most robust predicator to estimate mixture toxicity. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of considering mixture toxicity in risk assessment schemes and give guidance for future experiment design regarding mixture toxicity investigations.
Literature mining for context-specific molecular relations using multimodal representations (COMMODAR)
Authors: Lee Jaehyun , Lee Doheon , Lee Kwang Hyung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiological contextual information helps understand various phenomena occurring in the biological systems consisting of complex molecular relations. The construction of context-specific relational resources vastly relies on laborious manual extraction from unstructured literature. In this paper, we propose COMMODAR, a machine learning-based literature mining framework for context-specific molecular relations using multimodal representations. The main idea of COMMODAR is the feature augmentation by the cooperation of multimodal representations for relation extraction. We leveraged biomedical domain knowledge as well as canonical linguistic information for more comprehensive representations of textual sources. The models based on multiple modalities outperformed those solely based on the linguistic modality. We applied COMMODAR to the 14 million PubMed abstracts and extracted 9214 context-specific molecular relations. All corpora, extracted data, evaluation results, and the implementation code are downloadable athttps://github.com/jae-hyun-lee/commodar.Ccs concepts• Computing methodologies~Information extraction • Computing methodologies~Neural networks • Applied computing~Biological networks.
Effects of whole body vibration with exercise therapy versus exercise therapy alone on flexibility, vertical jump height, agility and pain in athletes with patellofemoral pain: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rasti Ebrahim , Rojhani-Shirazi Zahra , Ebrahimi Naghmeh , Sobhan Mohammad Reza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatellofemoral pain (PFP) is the most prevalent orthopedic problem in active young adults. Due to its multifactorial etiology, a variety of therapeutic measures have been adopted to treat PFP, including exercise therapy, electrotherapy, and manual therapy. It has also been suggested that whole body vibration (WBV) can improve neuromuscular function in persons with knee problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of adding WBV to routine exercise programs on flexibility, vertical jump height, agility and pain in athletes with PFP.MethodsTwenty-four male athletes with PFP were randomized into two groups of WBV + exercise (n = 12) or exercise only (n = 12). Participants received their interventions during 4 consecutive weeks (12 sessions). Pain intensity, flexibility and agility were assessed respectively as score on a numerical rating scale, the sit-and-reach test, and a modified T-test, and vertical jump height was measured to the nearest centimeter. The tests were done before and after the interventions, and the results were compared between the two groups. Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were used for between- and within-group comparisons, respectively.ResultsAfter the interventions, all variables for vertical jump height, flexibility, agility and pain intensity improved significantly in both groups (p < 0.05). The flexibility test showed significantly greater improvement in the WBV + exercise group (p<0.001), whereas for vertical jump height, agility and pain intensity, there were no statistically significant differences between groups (p>0.05).ConclusionsThe present findings showed that exercise therapy with and without WBV can significantly decrease pain and increase agility, vertical jump height and flexibility in athletes with PFP. Adding WBV to routine exercise therapy, however, can augment the effects of the latter on flexibility.Trial registrationIRCT, IRCT20090831002391N39. Registered 7 February 2018,https://en.irct.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20090831002391N39.
Reaching out to stakeholders: The use of knowledge terminology on the websites of Australian public hospitals
Authors: Miklosik Andrej , Evans Nina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The objective of the study described in this article was to examine whether, and to what extent, Australian public hospitals use knowledge terminology, i.e. a body of knowledge-related terms, on their websites. The paper also discusses the difference in the level of such communication between large and small hospitals, the factors affecting the use of the knowledge-related terms in the communication and the similarities/differences between the use of knowledge terms in Australian public hospitals and large/small companies in Australia.

Methods
151 Australian public hospitals were included in the research sample: 51 large and 100 small hospitals. Using the method of content analysis, websites mentioning knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge implementation, and knowledge retention were identified, along with the number of these mentions. Descriptive statistics and chi square test of independence were used to provide answers to four research questions.

Results
Of the 151 hospitals included in the sample, 30 had no website and 62 (50 small and 12 large) had a single page website. The study found that there are differences between Australian public hospitals regarding the level of their knowledge communication on their websites, both between small and large hospitals and between the individual hospitals within the large and small hospital groups.

Conclusions
A well-known saying goes “For the mouth speaks what the heart is full of”. Effective communication of knowledge-related terminologies to both internal and external stakeholders, i.e. the parties who access the websites, is therefore an indication of a knowledge focus in the public hospitals. Large hospitals are generally more active in communicating knowledge terms, although there are some exceptions. Some of the small hospitals can lead by example, but most of them do not include knowledge terminology in their communication on websites.
Economic evaluation of carbetocin as prophylaxis for postpartum hemorrhage in the Philippines
Authors: Briones Jamaica Roanne , Talungchit Pattarawalai , Thavorncharoensap Montarat , Chaikledkaew Usa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends oxytocin as the drug of choice for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) prevention. However, the WHO has also recently considered carbetocin for PPH prevention, but only if carbetocin were a cost-effective choice in the country. Consequently, we determined the cost-effectiveness and budgetary impact of carbetocin against oxytocin in the Philippines.

Methods
A cost-utility analysis using a decision tree was done to compare the costs and outcomes of carbetocin with oxytocin for PPH prophylaxis among women undergoing either vaginal delivery (VD) or cesarean section (CS) in a six-week time horizon using a societal perspective. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were applied to investigate parameter uncertainties. Additionally, budget impact analysis was conducted using a governmental perspective. Results were presented as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) using a 2895 United States dollar (USD) per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained as the ceiling threshold in the Philippines.

Results
Carbetocin was not cost-effective given the listed price of carbetocin at 18 USD. Given a societal perspective, the ICER values of 13,187 USD and over 40,000 USD per QALY gained were derived for CS and VD, respectively. Moreover, the ICER values were sensitive to the risk ratio of carbetocin versus oxytocin and carbetocin price. On budget impact, the five-year total budget impact of a drug mix of carbetocin and oxytocin was 25.54 million USD (4.23 million USD for CS and 21.31 million USD for VD) compared with ‘only oxytocin’ scenario.

Conclusion
Carbetocin is not a cost-effective choice in PPH prevention for both modes of delivery in the Philippines, unless price reduction is made. Our findings can be used for evidence-informed policies to guide coverage decisions on carbetocin not only in the Philippines but also in other low and middle-income countries.
How to adapt sexual and reproductive health services to the needs and circumstances of trans people— a qualitative study in Colombia
Authors: Calderón-Jaramillo Mariana , Mendoza Ángel , Acevedo Natalia , Forero-Martínez Luz Janeth , Sánchez Sandra Marcela , Rivillas-García Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
People living a trans-life require access to equitable healthcare services, policies and research that address their needs. However, trans people have experienced different forms of violence, discrimination, stigma, and unfair access barriers when dealing with healthcare providers. Therefore, adapting sexual and reproductive health services with the purpose of providing more equitable, inclusive and discrimination-free healthcare services is an urgent need. The article presents an example of how operative research can be used in order to adjust sexual and reproductive healthcare services to trans people’s needs, identities and circumstances.

Methods
This is a qualitative study written from a constructivist perspective, and it is based on the voices and experiences of trans people in four major cities in Colombia. The research used a combination of focus groups of discussion (n = 6) and in-depth interviews with trans people (n = 13) in Barranquilla, Bogota, Cali and Medellin. This research had two specific objectives: i) identifying the main sexual and reproductive health needs of people living a trans-life; and ii) generating new evidence in order to guide the adaptation of sexual and reproductive health services centered to trans people’s needs, identities, and circumstances. Qualitative data codification and analysis was using NVivo.

Results
Once access barriers to sexual and reproductive health services, unmet sexual and reproductive health needs were identified, the research helped define strategies to adapt sexual and reproductive health services to the needs, identities, and circumstances of people living a trans-life in Colombia. Amongst the main barriers found were healthcare costs, lack of insurance, stigmatization, discrimination and abuse by health care providers. Perhaps among the most notable sexual and reproductive health needs presented were trans-specific services such as sensitive assistance for the transition process, endocrinology appointments, and sex reaffirmation surgeries.

Conclusions
The evidence obtained from this research allowed Profamilia, a Colombian healthcare provider, to adapt the sexual and reproductive health services it provides to people living a trans-life in Colombia. Furthermore, it was possible for Profamilia to design and implement an inclusive sexual and reproductive health program that specifically addresses trans people’s needs, identities, and circumstances.
State-society nexus in Brazil and Venezuela and its effect on participatory governance efforts in health and other sectors
Authors: Mahmood Qamar , Muntaner Carles 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionParticipatory governance is about state and society jointly responsible for political decisions and services. The origins and trajectory of participatory governance initiatives are determined by the socio-political context and specifically the nature of state-society relations. Participation by communities in health interventions has been promoted globally as a strategy to involve citizens in health decision-making but with little success. Such participatory governance in health should be seen not as a strategy alone but as a political project in which organized communities challenge the status-quo in health.MethodsThis paper deals with the wider socio-political context of participatory governance initiatives. It uses comparative politics literature to analyze socio-political context in Brazil and Venezuela, historically spanning half century prior to 2015, to assess whether it was conducive to participatory governance. The focus of this paper’s analysis particularly is on the socio-political changes that were taking place in Brazil and Venezuela in the decades of the 1980s and 1990s. Those decades formed the bedrock on which the two countries experienced democratization and a socialist transformation that has lasted well into the first decade of the twenty-first century. The situation in the health sector is also described for the two countries showing a parallel trajectory to the wider political context and that reflected the political ideology. For this assessment, we use a contemporary framework called the ‘socialist compass’ which links dynamics of power relations in various ways among three domains of power, namely, state power, economic power, and social power. Socialist compass can be used to assess whether such reforms are moving towards or against social empowerment.ConclusionOur analysis reveals that both Brazil and Venezuela were moving in the direction of social empowerment until at least the year 2015, just before the political turmoil started engulfing the left-leaning regimes in both the countries.
Projected impact of diabetes on the Costa Rican healthcare system
Authors: Santamaría-Ulloa Carolina , Montero-López Melina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Costa Rica, similar to many other Latin American countries is undergoing population aging at a fast pace. As a result of the epidemiological transition, the prevalence of diabetes has increased. This condition impacts not only individual lives, but also the healthcare system. The goal of this study is to examine the expected impact of diabetes, in terms of economic costs on the healthcare system and lives lost. We will also project how long it will take for the number of elderly individuals who are diabetic to double in Costa Rica.

Methods
CRELES (Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study), a three-wave nationally representative longitudinal study, is the main source of data for this research (n = 2827). The projected impact of diabetes was estimated in three ways: length of time for the number of elderly individuals with diabetes to double; projected economic costs of diabetes-related hospitalizations and outpatient care; and years of life lost to diabetes at age 60. Data analyses and estimations used multiple regression models, longitudinal regression models, and Lee-Carter stochastic population projections.

Results
Doubling time of the diabetic elderly population is projected to occur in 13 calendar years. This will cause increases in hospitalization and outpatient consultation costs. The impact of diabetes on life expectancy at age 60 around the year 2035 is estimated to lead to a loss of about 7 months of life. The rapid pace at which the absolute number of elderly people with diabetes will double is projected to result in a negative economic impact on the healthcare system. Lives will also be lost due to diabetes.

Conclusion
Population aging will inevitably lead to an increasing number of elderly individuals, who are at greater risk for diabetes due to their lifelong exposure to risk factors. Actions to increase the quality of life of diabetic elderly are warranted. Decreasing the burden of diabetes on elderly populations and the Costa Rican healthcare system are necessary to impact the quantity and quality of life of incoming cohorts. Health promotion and prevention strategies that reduce diabetes risk factors are needed to improve the health of elderly populations.
CircECE1 activates energy metabolism in osteosarcoma by stabilizing c-Myc
Authors: Shen Shuying , Yao Teng , Xu Yining , Zhang Deguang , Fan Shunwu , Ma Jianjun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor and has a poor prognosis. The potential involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in OS progression remains unexplored.
Here, we report that CircECE1, a circular RNA derived from human ECE1, plays a critical role in energy metabolism in OS.

Methods
The RIP chip sequence assay was performed to confirm CircECE1, through overexpression or knockdown of CircECE1 to verify its function in 143B and U2OS. RNA immunoprecipitation and immunoprecipitation were used to verify CircECE1’s regulation of protein c-Myc and co- immunoprecipitation was used to verified the competitive binding relationship between CircECE1 and SPOP. The influence of CircECE1 on energy metabolism was evaluated by seahorse experiment, western blot, and immunohistochemistry.

Results
We found that CircECE1 is highly expressed in OS tissues and cells and that CircECE1 knockdown suppresses tumor proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Further, CircECE1 significantly promotes glucose metabolism in OS cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CircECE1 interacts with c-Myc to prevent speckle-type POZ-mediated c-Myc ubiquitination and degradation. C-Myc inhibits thioredoxin binding protein (TXNIP) transcription and subsequently activates the Warburg effect.

Conclusions
CircECE1 regulates the Warburg effect through the c-Myc/TXNIP axis. CircECE1 mediated signal transduction plays a important role in OS process and energy metabolism. These findings may identify novel targets for OS molecular therapy.
Characterization of an eutherian gene cluster generated after transposon domestication identifies Bex3 as relevant for advanced neurological functions
Authors: Navas-Pérez Enrique , Vicente-García Cristina , Mirra Serena , Burguera Demian , Fernàndez-Castillo Noèlia , Ferrán José Luis , López-Mayorga Macarena , Alaiz-Noya Marta , Suárez-Pereira Irene , Antón-Galindo Ester , Ulloa Fausto , Herrera-Úbeda Carlos , Cuscó Pol , Falcón-Moya Rafael , Rodríguez-Moreno Antonio , D’Aniello Salvatore , Cormand Bru , Marfany Gemma , Soriano Eduardo , Carrión Ángel M. , Carvajal Jaime J. , Garcia-Fernàndez Jordi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
One of the most unusual sources of phylogenetically restricted genes is the molecular domestication of transposable elements into a host genome as functional genes. Although these kinds of events are sometimes at the core of key macroevolutionary changes, their origin and organismal function are generally poorly understood.

Results
Here, we identify several previously unreported transposable element domestication events in the human and mouse genomes. Among them, we find a remarkable molecular domestication that gave rise to a multigenic family in placental mammals, the Bex/Tceal gene cluster. These genes, which act as hub proteins within diverse signaling pathways, have been associated with neurological features of human patients carrying genomic microdeletions in chromosome X. The Bex/Tceal genes display neural-enriched patterns and are differentially expressed in human neurological disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. Two different murine alleles of the cluster member Bex3 display morphological and physiopathological brain modifications, such as reduced interneuron number and hippocampal electrophysiological imbalance, alterations that translate into distinct behavioral phenotypes.

Conclusions
We provide an in-depth understanding of the emergence of a gene cluster that originated by transposon domestication and gene duplication at the origin of placental mammals, an evolutionary process that transformed a non-functional transposon sequence into novel components of the eutherian genome. These genes were integrated into existing signaling pathways involved in the development, maintenance, and function of the CNS in eutherians. At least one of its members, Bex3, is relevant for higher brain functions in placental mammals and may be involved in human neurological disorders.
Parametric models analysed with linear maps
Authors: Matthies Hermann G. , Ohayon Roger 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParametric entities appear in many contexts, be it in optimisation, control, modelling of random quantities, or uncertainty quantification. These are all fields where reduced order models (ROMs) have a place to alleviate the computational burden. Assuming that the parametric entity takes values in a linear space, we show how is is associated to a linear map or operator. This provides a general point of view on how to consider and analyse different representations of such entities. Analysis of the associated linear map in turn connects such representations with reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and affine-/linear-representations in terms of tensor products. A generalised correlation operator is defined through the associated linear map, and its spectral analysis helps to shed light on the approximation properties of ROMs. This point of view thus unifies many such representations under a functional analytic roof, leading to a deeper understanding and making them available for appropriate analysis.