bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Temperature Uniformity in a Gas‐liquid Two‐phase Mixing System Stirred by Top‐blown Air▴
Authors: Yang K. , Li Z. , Wang Q. , Hu X. , Zhu X. , Wang H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to introduce a new method for quantifying the uniformity of temperature fields. A top‐blown gas‐stirring gas‐liquid two‐phase mixing test bench was set up, combined with an infrared imager, to obtain the temperature distribution of the gas‐liquid two‐phase mixing process. Gas‐liquid two‐phase energy conversion occurs during the physical reaction. The top‐blown gas is in direct contact with liquids of different temperatures to take away some of the heat, causing a difference in the internal temperature distribution of the liquid. The gas is air and the liquid is synthetic heat transfer oil. Using image segmentation and mathematical analogy of local discrepancy functions, the temperature distribution difference and temperature field non‐uniformity coefficient (NUC) of the rectangular region in the actual temperature field are obtained. By calculating the standard deviation of the non‐uniformity coefficient of the temperature field in each working condition, the fluctuation of the uniformity of the temperature field with time is obtained.
Evaluating a novel MR‐compatible foot pedal device for unipedal and bipedal motion: Test–retest reliability of evoked brain activity
Authors: Doolittle Jade D. , Downey Ryan J. , Imperatore Julia P. , Dowdle Logan T. , Lench Daniel H. , McLeod John , McCalley Daniel M. , Gregory Chris M. , Hanlon Colleen A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a new, open‐source MR‐compatible device capable of assessing unipedal and bipedal lower extremity movement with minimal head motion and high test–retest reliability. To evaluate the prototype, 20 healthy adults participated in two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visits, separated by 2–6 months, in which they performed a visually guided dorsiflexion/plantar flexion task with their left foot, right foot, and alternating feet. Dependent measures included: evoked blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signal in the motor network, head movement associated with dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, the test–retest reliability of these measurements. Left and right unipedal movement led to a significant increase in BOLD signal compared to rest in the medial portion of the right and left primary motor cortex (respectively), and the ipsilateral cerebellum (FWE corrected, p < .001). Average head motion was 0.10 ± 0.02 mm. The test–retest reliability was high for the functional MRI data (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs]: >0.75) and the angular displacement of the ankle joint (ICC: 0.842). This bipedal device can robustly isolate activity in the motor network during alternating plantarflexion and dorsiflexion with minimal head movement, while providing high test–retest reliability. Ultimately, these data and open‐source building instructions will provide a new, economical tool for investigators interested in evaluating brain function resulting from lower extremity movement.
Estimated model of psychotropic polypharmacy for bipolar disorder: Analysis using patients' and practitioners' parameters in the MUSUBI study
Authors: Adachi Naoto , Azekawa Takaharu , Edagawa Kouji , Goto Eiichiro , Hongo Seiji , Kato Masaki , Katsumoto Eiichi , Kikuchi Toshiaki , Kubota Yukihisa , Miki Kazuhira , Nakagawa Atsuo , Tsuboi Takashi , Ueda Hitoshi , Watanabe Koichiro , Watanabe Yoichiro , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Yoshimura Reiji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to clarify the relevant factors influencing practitioners' methods of prescribing medications for bipolar disorder, in a nation‐wide survey in Japan.MethodsThe clinical records of 3130 outpatients with bipolar disorder were consecutively reviewed from 176 psychiatric outpatient clinics. Fifteen parameters, that is, five patients' including five general characteristics (sex, age, education, occupation, and social adjustment), five patients' aspects of mental functioning (onset age, comorbid mental illness, rapid‐cycling, psychopathologic severity, and followed‐up years), and five practitioners' characteristics (sex, age, specialist experience, clinic standing years, and location), were evaluated. The number of psychotropic drugs (mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, anxiolytics, and hypnotics) was used as an index of pharmacotherapy. Converted data from each practitioner‐unit were analyzed.ResultsSeven factors (patient's social adjustment, patient's psychopathology, patient's comorbid mental disorders, patient's followed‐up years, doctor's age, clinic running years, and patient's education years) were correlated to the number of psychotropic drugs. Multiple regression analysis showed that the severity of illness (poor social adjustment, and comorbid mental illness) and an intractable disease course (long followed‐up years), were significantly associated with the number of psychotropic drugs.ConclusionOur findings indicated that patient‐related conditions affected psychotropic polypharmacy more strongly than did practitioner‐related conditions.
Circulating liver function markers and colorectal cancer risk: A prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank
Authors: He Ming‐ming , Fang Zhe , Hang Dong , Wang Feng , Polychronidis Georgios , Wang Liang , Lo Chun‐Han , Wang Kai , Zhong Rong , Knudsen Markus D. , Smith Scott G. , Xu Rui‐Hua , Song Mingyang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEvidence links the liver to development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains unknown how liver function may influence CRC risk in the general population. We conducted a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank of 375 693 participants who provided blood samples in 2006 to 2010. Circulating levels of liver function markers (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], total bilirubin [TBIL], gamma glutamyltransferase [GGT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], total protein [TP] and albumin [ALB]) were measured. Incident cancer cases were identified through linkage to the national cancer registry up to 2019. Repeated biomarker measurements were available from a subset of 11 320 participants who were re‐assessed in 2012 to 2013. After a median follow‐up of 10.0 years, we documented 2662 cases of CRC. Circulating levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, GGT, TP and ALB at baseline were inversely associated with CRC risk (P < .01), with multivariable hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) comparing decile 10 vs 1 of 0.62 (0.51‐0.75), 0.63 (0.53‐0.75), 0.85 (0.72‐1.02), 0.74 (0.61‐0.89), 0.70 (0.59‐0.84) and 0.66 (0.55‐0.79), respectively. Strengthened associations were found after recalibration for repeated measurements. The associations appeared stronger for proximal colon cancer than distal colon cancer and rectal cancer, but consistent for early‐, mid‐ and late‐onset CRC. In a large cohort of general population, the UK Biobank, higher circulating levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, GGT, TP and ALB, largely within the normal range, were associated with a lower risk of CRC. The findings support a link between liver function and CRC, and may spur future research on the gut‐microbiota‐liver axis.
Aqueous two‐phase systems and monolithic chromatography as alternative technological platforms for virus and virus‐like particle purification
Authors: Rocha João M 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is a rising interest in viral and non‐viral gene delivery vehicles for human gene therapy and vaccination applications, and these vehicles include nanoparticulate virus, virus‐like particles (VLP) and plasmids. This communication debates the importance of designing innovative platforms for virus and VLP concentration and purification, envisaging downstream process integration and intensification. Two alternative separation platforms are suggested and discussed: affinity‐aqueous two‐phase systems and monolithic chromatography. These can integrate clarification, concentration, and purification downstream unit operations, significantly decreasing industrial manufacturing costs. Additionally, high recovery yields are expected after process optimization,which is achieved through manipulation of the physicochemical parameters governing partition coefficients. Such cutting‐edge technologies encompass several advantages at industrial scale, particularly in continuous operations, for example ease of scalability, continuous operation potential, easy process integration, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility. Together with innovative processing conditions, they can effectively overcome the major bottlenecks of conventional virus and VLP downstream processing, contributing to more efficient, sustainable, and cost effective industrial systems. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Australian dental practitioner perspectives on academic careers
Authors: Hayes Melanie J. , Ingram Kelsey 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesDue to forecasted faculty shortages and increasing student enrollments in dental education, there is a need to attract talented clinicians into academia. To address this growing concern, we need to explore dental practitioners’ perspectives on the academic career pathway, including enablers and barriers to entering the academic workforce.MethodsA mixed‐methods electronic survey was disseminated through professional associations and dental groups on social media in 2018. Qualitative responses were examined using an inductive thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants (n = 85) considered an academic career highly regarded (80%) but indicated there was not a clear pathway (79%) and could not recall it being discussed during their dental studies (85%). It was perceived that experience, further study, and networks all played a significant role in forging an academic career. Perceived benefits to an academic career included professional development opportunities, good employment conditions, and making a meaningful contribution. Barriers included the geographical location of universities, losing clinical skills and the lack of a clear career pathway.ConclusionDespite being a highly regarded career, clinicians admit the career pathway to academia is not clear. Improving awareness of academic career paths might be achieved by educating dental students and providing accessible resources to the wider profession.
Reactive oxygen species‐responsive silk sericin microcapsules used for antioxidative stress damage
Authors: Wang Guangshu , Wang Zhenyu , Sun Ning , Cai Yurong , Yang Xiaogang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSilk sericin microcapsules loaded with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are prepared through protein self‐assembly in a green environment containing enzymes to protect liver cells from alcohol damage. Load content and release dynamics of HRP in sericin microcapsules are investigated. The role of HRP‐loaded microcapsules in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) degradation is demonstrated using electrochemical method. Furthermore, the effect of the HRP‐loaded microcapsules on cells and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level is evaluated using an alcohol damage model in vitro. Results show that HRP can be loaded effectively in the sericin microcapsules and can be released ROS‐responsively from microcapsules. Cell survival rate increases after suffering from alcohol damage due to the presence of HRP‐loaded microcapsule, and the active oxygen content in cells is maintained at a stable level even when it remained in an environment with high alcohol concentration. We believe that the internalized sericin microcapsules maintain HRP activity intracellularly, allow controlled HRP release within a host cell, and show excellent ability in antioxidative stress injury.
Tissue response to white mineral aggregate‐based cement containing barium sulfate as alternative radiopacifier: A randomized controlled animal study
Authors: Bortoluzzi Eduardo Antunes , da Silveira Teixeira Cleonice , Broon Norberto J. , Consolaro Alberto , Pinheiro Tiago Novaes , da Fonseca Roberti Garcia Lucas , Pashley David H. , Bramante Clovis Monteiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the tissue reaction stimulated by BaSO4‐ and Bi2O3‐containing White MTA Angelus, in comparison with Bi2O3‐containing white Portland cement, and white ProRoot MTA. Thirty‐six adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), weighing between 250 and 300 g, were distributed into three groups (n = 12) in accordance with the period of sacrifice (15, 30, and 60 days). Four polyethylene tubes filled with the tested cements were implanted into the dorsum of each rat. Lateral wall of the tubes served as the negative control. After the experimental periods, the animals were euthanized by overdose of pentobarbital anesthetic solution, and the specimens were prepared for microscopic analysis under ×50, ×100, and ×400 magnifications. Inflammatory scores (0–3) were used to grade the tissue reaction. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal‐Wallis test and Dunn's test for individual comparisons (p < .05). A mild to moderate inflammatory tissue reaction was observed at the 15‐day period, which decreased over the course of the periods for all cements, except for Portland cement. There was no significant difference among the tissue responses for ProRoot MTA, BaSO4‐ and Bi2O3‐containing White MTA Angelus at the 60‐day period (p > .05). The Portland group had moderate inflammatory reaction at the final period of analysis, which was statistically different when compared to the other groups (p < .05). The microscopic findings of this animal study suggest that the addition of BaSO4 to White MTA Angelus does not hampers the biocompatibility of the cement.
Acute liver injury secondary to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis triggered by Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: Hattori Aiji , Hamada Yasuhiko , Kawabata Hiroyuki , Tanaka Kyosuke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present a 23‐year‐old man with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) triggered by Epstein–Bar virus (EBV) infection. This patient presented with persistent fever and acute liver injury 6 weeks after having an infectious mononucleosis associated with EBV infection. He had hypofibrinogenemia, hyperferritinemia, increased soluble interleukin‐2 receptor, elevated prothrombin time, and pancytopenia. Bone marrow examination for evaluation of pancytopenia revealed that macrophages had phagocytosed mature erythrocytes. Based on these findings, we suspected an HLH triggered by EBV infection (EBV‐HLH). To distinguish from HLH triggered by malignant lymphomas accompanying EBV infection, we performed a percutaneous liver biopsy, which revealed that atypical T‐lymphocytes had infiltrated the liver tissues. The T‐lymphocytes were positive for EBV‐encoded RNA in situ hybridization, and no distinct monoclonal T‐cell receptor chain gene rearrangement was detected. These findings indicated EBV hepatitis and, accordingly, malignant lymphoma was ruled out. We finally made a diagnosis of EBV‐HLH. The patient was treated with corticosteroid and etoposide, according to HLH‐2004 guideline recommendations, and the patient's symptoms and laboratory values improved. After that, he experienced no recurrence. Prompt recognition and initiation of treatment remains the key to the survival of patients with EBV‐HLH, and the liver biopsy was helpful in making the diagnosis.
Psychology qua psychoanalysis in Argentina: Some historical origins of a philosophical problem (1942–1964)
Authors: Fierro Catriel , Araujo Saulo de Freitas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractContemporary Argentinian psychology has a unique characteristic: it is identified with psychoanalysis. Nonpsychoanalytic theories and therapies are difficult to find. In addition, there is an overt antiscientific attitude within many psychology programs. How should this be explained? In this paper, we claim that a philosophical history of psychology can shed new light on the development of Argentinian psychology by showing that early Argentinian psychoanalysts held positions in the newborn psychology programs and a distinctive stance toward scientific research in general and psychology in particular. In the absence of an explicit and articulate philosophical position, psychoanalysts developed an implicit meta‐theory that helped shape the context that led to the institutionalization and professionalization of psychology in Argentina. Although we do not establish or even suggest a monocausal link between their ideas and the current state of Argentinian psychology, we do claim that their impact should be explored. Finally, we discuss some limitations of our study and suggest future complementary investigations.
Development and validation of a wart‐associated human papilloma virus genotyping assay for detection of HPV in cutaneous warts
Authors: Redzic Nina , Benoy Ina , Vanden Broeck Davy , Bogers Johannes P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCutaneous warts are infectious disorders caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). A recent study revealed that the HPV genotype influences the natural course and response to treatment for plantar warts, suggesting that HPV genotyping could potentially be used to optimize wart treatment schemes. For this purpose, a wart‐associated HPV genotyping assay was developed. The assay was subjected to an intensive validation process including, i.a., empiric determination of the annealing temperature, primer‐probe optimization, evaluation of the analytical specificity and sensitivity, viral load quantification, and qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of intra‐run repeatability and inter‐run reproducibility. The newly developed assay was employed in a small‐scale HPV genotyping study of wart biopsies (n = 50). The assay exhibited an analytical type‐specific sensitivity and specificity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 83.9%–100%). The limit of quantification of the tested sequences corresponded to less than 17 viral copies/µl, while the limit of detection was less than 5 copies/µl. Very good to excellent agreements were gained between intra‐ and inter‐run measurements (κ = 0.85–1.00) and coefficients of variation of the quantitative agreements were less then 3%. 22.5% (95% CI: 11%–39%) of the analyzed biopsies were negative for the tested HPV types, while 35% (95% CI: 21%–52%) contained multiple infections. The wart‐associated HPV quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was proven to be highly sensitive and specific. Multiple HPV infections were detected in 35% of lesions, contradicting the current literature claiming that in immunocompetent patients only 4%–16% of warts exhibit multiple HPV infections. This assay is qualified to be implemented in development of future genotype specific wart treatment strategies.
Changes in resting‐state functional brain connectivity associated with head impacts over one men’s semi‐professional soccer season
Authors: Cassoudesalle Hélène , Petit Adrien , Chanraud Sandra , Petit Hervé , Badaut Jérôme , Sibon Igor , Dehail Patrick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoccer, as a contact sport, exposes players to repetitive head impacts, especially through heading the ball. The question of a long‐term brain cumulative effect remains. Our objective was to determine whether exposure to head impacts over one soccer season was associated with changes in functional brain connectivity at rest, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this prospective cohort study, 10 semi‐professional men soccer players, aged 18–25 years, and 20 age‐matched men athletes without a concussion history and who do not practice any contact sport were recruited in Bordeaux (France). Exposure to head impacts per soccer player during competitive games over one season was measured using video analysis. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired for both groups at two times, before and after the season. With a seed‐based analysis, resting‐state networks that have been intimately associated with aspects of cognitive functioning were investigated. The results showed a mean head impacts of 42 (±33) per soccer player over the season, mainly intentional head‐to‐ball impacts and no concussion. No head impact was found among the other athletes. The number of head impacts between the two MRI acquisitions before and after the season was associated with increased connectivity within the default mode network and the cortico‐cerebellar network. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the brain functioning changes over one soccer season in association with exposure to repetitive head impacts.
Families in the Shadow of Traumatic Experiences: Negative World Assumptions and Family Relationships
Authors: Bachem Rahel , Levin Yafit , Stein Jacob Y. , Solomon Zahava 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWorld assumptions (WAs) are cognitive schemas concerning an individual's views of themselves, the world, and others. Although it is well established that WAs are negatively distorted by trauma exposure and strongly associated with posttraumatic psychopathology, the potential impact of WAs on close interpersonal relationships remains largely uninvestigated. The current study explored the implications of veterans’ and their spouses’ WAs on their marital and parental relationships. Male Israeli veterans (N = 213) from the 1973 Yom Kippur War and their wives were assessed for WAs, marital adjustment, and positive parenting 35–37 years postwar. Analyses included actor–partner interdependence modeling with mediators (APIMem) and were conducted separately for the three domains of WAs: world benevolence, world meaningfulness, and self‐worth. The results indicated that both husbands’ and wives’ lower scores for all domain‐specific WA scales were associated with lower scores on measures of marital adjustment and positive parenting. Lower scores for both spouses on scales measuring world benevolence and self‐worth were associated with a spillover from lower marital adjustment to lower positive parenting. Finally, associations between one spouse's lower WA scores and the other spouse's spillover from lower marital adjustment to lower positive parenting (i.e., cross–spillover effects) were identified for wives’ world benevolence ratings and husbands’ self‐worth, ds = 0.14–0.72. These results point to the detrimental ramifications of negative WAs on family relationships and the dynamics between the marital and parental family subsystems.