bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Stacked Parametric Survival with Frailty Components and Interval‐Censored Failure Times: An Application to Food Allergy Risk
Authors: Wheeler Matthew W. , Westerhout Joost , Baumert Joe L. , Remington Benjamin C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo better understand the risk of exposure to food allergens, food challenge studies are designed to slowly increase the dose of an allergen delivered to allergic individuals until an objective reaction occurs. These dose‐to‐failure studies are used to determine acceptable intake levels and are analyzed using parametric failure time models. Though these models can provide estimates of the survival curve and risk, their parametric form may misrepresent the survival function for doses of interest. Different models that describe the data similarly may produce different dose‐to‐failure estimates. Motivated by predictive inference, we developed a Bayesian approach to combine survival estimates based on posterior predictive stacking, where the weights are formed to maximize posterior predictive accuracy. The approach defines a model space that is much larger than traditional parametric failure time modeling approaches. In our case, we use the approach to include random effects accounting for frailty components. The methodology is investigated in simulation, and is used to estimate allergic population eliciting doses for multiple food allergens.
Communicating about Contaminated Site Cleanup using Coordinated and Consistent Metrics: Opportunity and Challenge for the U.S. Department of Energy
Authors: Lowrie Karen , Mayer Henry , Greenberg Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver $500 billion has gone toward cleanup of large contaminated sites owned and/or operated by the U.S. Federal Government over the past 30 years. Nevertheless, some stakeholders worry about the risks associated with what they perceive as a slow process of cleanup, as well as the positive and negative impacts of the cleanup activities themselves. Therefore, it is important for both the U.S. taxpayer and workers and residents living near the sites that are impacted by site conditions and activities, to clearly understand the progress that is being made toward achieving published cleanup goals, and a timeline for completion. This manuscript asks how lessons drawn from risk communication literature can inform practices for communicating metrics related to cleanup progress at U.S Department of Energy former nuclear weapon sites to different audiences. Following the review of literature, we present a case study that explores metrics being used and communicated on the websites of DOE and its largest sites, and discuss the consistency of these metrics and implications for public understanding and trust of progress being made. We finish the manuscript by applying the principles from the literature to the findings from the case study to suggest how the DOE could consider improvements in the format, content or delivery of cleanup progress metrics to its various audiences.
Nutrient and trace element concentrations influence greenhouse gas emissions from Malaysian tropical peatlands
Authors: Dhandapani Selvakumar , Evers Stephanie , Ritz Karl , Sjögersten Sofie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTropical peatlands are unique and globally important ecosystems for carbon storage that are generally considered nutrient poor. However, different nutrient and trace element concentrations in these complex ecosystems and their interactions with carbon emissions are largely unknown. The objective of this research was to explore the concentrations of macro‐ and micronutrients and othertrace elements in surface peats, and their relationship with greenhouse gas emissions in North Selangor peatlands subjected to different land use. All nutrient and trace element concentrations except chromium exhibited significant differences between sites. Most macronutrients and some micronutrients showed significant differences between seasons, typically with a reduction over time from wet to dry seasons, possibly due to leaching. CO2 emissions were positively related to organic matter content and manganese concentrations and negatively correlated with selenium. CH4 emissions were positively correlated with organic matter content, manganese, copper, barium, cobalt and aluminium, and negatively correlated with molybdenum, selenium, lithium and vanadium. This research has detected loss of essential nutrients over time, aiding to increase nutrient limitation in tropical peatlands due to drainage. The observed significant correlation between trace elements and greenhouse gas emissions strengthens the importance of including trace element analyses in understanding the biogeochemical functions of these understudied peatlands.
Adverse event reporting for cellular therapy products: Current status and future directions
Authors: Loper Kathy , Sugrue Michele W. , Raval Jay S. , Schwartz Joseph Yossi , Land Kevin , Koh Mickey , Mengling Thilo , Greinix Hildegard , Halter Jörg P. , Celluzzi Christina M. , Chaudhri Maysum 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdverse event (AE) and adverse reaction (AR) reporting are key components of patient safety and surveillance systems. Review and analysis of this data yields opportunities for process improvement, product information and interventions, and can lead to improved patient outcomes and donor safety overall. AE and AR reporting for cellular therapy products is fragmented and not well characterized in a central reference. This review article, authored by experts from various organizations, serves to summarize the current state of reporting and offers opportunities for streamlining and coordination, as well as key reference for professionals in this field.
Caudal vena cava collapsibility index as a tool to predict fluid responsiveness in dogs
Authors: Donati Pablo A. , Guevara Juan M. , Ardiles Victoria , Guillemi Eliana C. , Londoño Leonel , Dubin Arnaldo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the use of the caudal vena cava collapsibility index (CVCCI) as a predictor of fluid responsiveness in hospitalized, critically ill dogs with hemodynamic or tissue perfusion abnormalities.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingPrivate referral center.AnimalsTwenty‐seven critically ill, spontaneously breathing dogs with compromised hemodynamics or tissue hypoperfusion.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe electronic medical records were searched for dogs admitted for any cause, from August 2016 to December 2017. We included dogs with ultrasound measurements of: CVCCI, performed at baseline; and velocity time integral (VTI) of the subaortic blood flow, carried out before and after a fluid load. CVCCI was estimated as: (maximum diameter‐minimum diameter/maximum diameter) × 100. Dogs in which VTI increased ≥15% were considered fluid responders. The CVCCI accurately predicted fluid responsiveness with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.00). The optimal cut‐off of CVCCI that better discriminated between fluid responders and nonresponders was 27%, with 100.0% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity. At baseline, fluid responders had lower VTI (5.48 [4.26 to 7.40] vs 10.61 [7.38 to 13.23] cm, P = 0.004) than nonresponders. The basal maximum diameter of the caudal vena cava adjusted to body weight was not different between responders and nonresponders (0.050 [0.030 to 0.100] vs 0.079 [0.067 to 0.140] cm/kg, P = 0.339). The increase in VTI was related to basal CVCCI (R = 0.60, P = 0.001). Bland–Altman analysis showed narrow 95% limits of agreement between measurements of CVCCI and VTI performed by different observers or by the same observer.ConclusionsThe results of this small cohort study suggest that CVCCI can accurately predict fluid responsiveness in critically ill dogs with perfusion abnormalities. Further research is necessary to extrapolate these results to larger populations of hospitalized dogs.
Solar-powered oxygen, quality improvement and child pneumonia deaths: a large-scale effectiveness study
Authors: Duke Trevor , Pulsan Francis , Panauwe Doreen , Hwaihwanje Ilomo , Sa'avu Martin , Kaupa Magdalynn , Karubi Jonah , Neal Eleanor , Graham Hamish , Izadnegahdar Rasa , Donath Susan 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPneumonia is the largest cause of child deaths in low-income countries. Lack of availability of oxygen in small rural hospitals results in avoidable deaths and unnecessary and unsafe referrals.MethodWe evaluated a programme for improving reliable oxygen therapy using oxygen concentrators, pulse oximeters and sustainable solar power in 38 remote health facilities in nine provinces in Papua New Guinea. The programme included a quality improvement approach with training, identification of gaps, problem solving and corrective measures. Admissions and deaths from pneumonia and overall paediatric admissions, deaths and referrals were recorded using routine health information data for 2–4 years prior to the intervention and 2–4 years after. Using Poisson regression we calculated incidence rates (IRs) preintervention and postintervention, and incidence rate ratios (IRR).ResultsThere were 18 933 pneumonia admissions and 530 pneumonia deaths. Pneumonia admission numbers were significantly lower in the postintervention era than in the preintervention era. The IRs for pneumonia deaths preintervention and postintervention were 2.83 (1.98–4.06) and 1.17 (0.48–1.86) per 100 pneumonia admissions: the IRR for pneumonia deaths was 0.41 (0.24–0.71, p<0.005). There were 58 324 paediatric admissions and 2259 paediatric deaths. The IR for child deaths preintervention and postintervention were 3.22 (2.42–4.28) and 1.94 (1.23–2.65) per 100 paediatric admissions: IRR 0.60 (0.45–0.81, p<0.005). In the years postintervention period, an estimated 348 lives were saved, at a cost of US$6435 per life saved and over 1500 referrals were avoided.ConclusionsSolar-powered oxygen systems supported by continuous quality improvement can be achieved at large scale in rural and remote hospitals and health care facilities, and was associated with reduced child deaths and reduced referrals. Variability of effectiveness in different contexts calls for strengthening of quality improvement in rural health facilities.Trial registration numberACTRN12616001469404.
Evaluation of the effectiveness, implementation and cost-effectiveness of the Stay One Step Ahead home safety promotion intervention for pre-school children: a study protocol
Authors: Orton Elizabeth , Watson Michael Craig , Hayes Mike , Patel Tina , Jones Matthew , Coupland Carol , Timblin Clare , Carpenter Hannah , Kendrick Denise 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundUnintentional injuries in children under the age of 5 years commonly occur in the home and disproportionately affect those living in disadvantaged circumstances. Targeted home safety promotion should be offered to families most at risk but there is a paucity of standardised evidence-based resources available for use across family-support practitioners.ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness, implementation and cost-effectiveness of a 2-year home safety programme (Stay One Step Ahead) developed by parents, practitioners and researchers, and delivered by a range of family support providers in inner-city localities, compared with usual care in matched control localities.MethodsParents of children aged 0 to 7 months will be recruited to a controlled before and after observational study. The primary outcome is home safety assessed by the proportion of families with a fitted and working smoke alarm, safety gate on stairs (where applicable) and poisons stored out of reach, assessed using parent-administered questionnaires at baseline, 12 and 24 months.Secondary outcomes include: the impact on other parent-reported safety behaviours, medically-attended injuries, self-efficacy for home safety and knowledge of child development and injury risk using questionnaires and emergency department attendance data; implementation (reach, acceptability, barriers, facilitators) of home safety promotion assessed through interviews and observations; and cost-effectiveness using medically-attended injury costs ascertained from healthcare records.ConclusionIf shown to be effective and cost-effective this study will provide a practical resource to underpin national guidance. The study could inform public health prevention strategies to reduce home injury in children most at risk, while delivering cost savings to health and care services.Trial registration numberISRCTN31210493; Pre result.
Association between obesity and the risk of uterine fibroids: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Hao , Lin Zhijuan , Vásquez Elizabeth , Luan Xiao , Guo Feifei , Xu Luo 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundUterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common form of sex steroid hormone-dependent benign tumours that grow in the walls of the uterus. Several observational studies have examined the association between obesity and the risk of UFs, but findings are inconsistent. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to further examine the association of obesity with the risk/prevalence of UFs.MethodsA literature search was performed in three databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) from 1 January 1992 to 30 May 2020. We used random-effect models to calculate the pooled ORs with corresponding 95% CIs. Additionally, we performed a dose–response meta-analysis to analyse the effect of body mass index (BMI), weight change since age 18, waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference on the risk/prevalence of UFs.ResultsA total of 22 articles, covering 24 studies including 325 899 participants and 19 593 cases, were selected based on our inclusion criteria. We found a positive association between obesity and the risk/prevalence of UFs (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.29). Among participants with the highest BMI, the pooled OR was 1.19 (1.09 to 1.31) when compared to participants with normal BMI. For weight change since age 18, the pooled OR (95% CI) of UFs was 1.26 (1.12 to 1.42) among the highest change group when compared with no change. Additionally, our meta-analysis indicated the relationship of BMI with risk of UFs to be an inverse J-shaped pattern.ConclusionsThe results of this meta-analysis suggest that obesity may increase the risk/prevalence of UFs, and the association is non-linear.
Identifying best practices in adoption, implementation and enforcement of flavoured tobacco product restrictions and bans: lessons from experts
Authors: Peck Katherine , Rodericks Rebekah , Irvin Lola , Johnson Lila , Tamashiro Jill , Ching Lance , Sentell Tetine , Pirkle Catherine 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo identify recommended components for adopting, implementing and enforcing bans or restrictions targeting flavoured tobacco products.MethodsBetween April and June 2019, semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 high-level experts across the USA and Canada with expertise in flavoured tobacco product policies. Participants included health department staff, researchers, legal professionals and local government officials. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed for key themes.ResultsMajor findings were organised into four categories: programme planning and legislative preparations; education and community outreach; implementation and enforcement; and policy impact. Critical pre-implementation elements included using comprehensive policy language, identifying enforcement agents, examining potential economic costs, deploying media campaigns and engaging community partners and retailers. Recommended implementation processes included a 6-month preparation timeline, focus on retailer education and clearly outlined enforcement procedures, particularly for concept flavours.ConclusionsFlavoured tobacco policies have successfully limited sales, withstood legal challenges and become more comprehensive over time, providing useful lessons to inform ongoing and future legislative and programmatic efforts. Identifying and sharing best practices can improve passage, implementation, efficacy and evaluation of flavoured tobacco policies.
Crustal thickening and uplift of the Qiangtang Terrane, Tibetan Plateau during the Late Cretaceous to early Palaeocene: geochronology and geochemistry of the Saiduopugangri granite
Authors: Li Xue , Sun Guo-Sheng , Liu Gen-Yi , Zhou Huan , Shan Zi-Ling , Sun Jiu-Da , Wang Guang-Wei 
Published: October 2020

There continues to be debate regarding the timing of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates and the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. This study presents zircon U–Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and Lu–Hf isotopic data for the Saiduopugangri granite of the Qiangtang Terrane, located within the core of the Tibetan Plateau. These data provide the basis for the geodynamic setting, petrogenesis, and characteristics of its magma source. Zircons from the Saiduopugangri granite yield a weighted-mean 206Pb/238U age of 62.72 ± 0.06 Ma, indicating that these rocks formed during the early Palaeocene. The rocks are members of the highly calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series, with weak peraluminous characteristics. Trace elements are characterised by high Sr (483–616 ppm), and low Y (6–10 ppm) and Yb (1 ppm) content, typical of a high Sr and low Yb granite. The εHf(t) of zircon ranges from −2.14 to 2.35, with two-stage Hf model ages (TDM2) ranging from 1182 to 895 Ma. These data suggest that the Saiduopugangri granite magma was derived from the melting of lower-crustal clastic meta-sedimentary rocks and mantle-derived basalts. The high Sr and low Yb granite characteristics and experimental results indicate that melting occurred at >1.2 GPa and >750 °C, consistent with a crustal thickness greater than 50 km. Magmatism occurred from the Late Cretaceous to the early Palaeogene and is broadly synchronous with the collision timing between the Indian and Eurasian plates. The Saiduopugangri granite provides evidence of crustal thickening of the Tibetan Plateau and its age and petrogenesis constrain the timing of the initial uplift.
Hes1 Is Essential in Proliferating Ductal Cell–Mediated Development of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Matsumori Tomoaki , Kodama Yuzo , Takai Atsushi , Shiokawa Masahiro , Nishikawa Yoshihiro , Matsumoto Tomonori , Takeda Haruhiko , Marui Saiko , Okada Hirokazu , Hirano Tomonori , Kuwada Takeshi , Sogabe Yuko , Kakiuchi Nobuyuki , Tomono Teruko , Mima Atsushi , Morita Toshihiro , Ueda Tatsuki , Tsuda Motoyuki , Yamauchi Yuki , Kuriyama Katsutoshi , Sakuma Yojiro , Ota Yuji , Maruno Takahisa , Uza Norimitsu , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Kageyama Ryoichiro , Chiba Tsutomu , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is frequently driven by aberrant KRAS activation and develops in the liver with chronic inflammation. Although the Notch signaling pathway is critically involved in ICC development, detailed mechanisms of Notch-driven ICC development are still unknown. Here, we use mice whose Notch signaling is genetically engineered to show that the Notch signaling pathway, specifically the Notch/Hes1 axis, plays an essential role in expanding ductular cells in the liver with chronic inflammation or oncogenic Kras activation. Activation of Notch1 enhanced the development of proliferating ductal cells (PDC) in injured livers, while depletion of Hes1 led to suppression. In correlation with PDC expansion, ICC development was also regulated by the Notch/Hes1 axis and suppressed by Hes1 depletion. Lineage-tracing experiments using EpcamcreERT2 mice further confirmed that Hes1 plays a critical role in the induction of PDC and that ICC could originate from PDC. Analysis of human ICC specimens showed PDC in nonneoplastic background tissues, confirming HES1 expression in both PDC and ICC tumor cells. Our findings provide novel direct experimental evidence that Hes1 plays an essential role in the development of ICC via PDC.

Significance:
This study contributes to the identification of the cells of origin that initiate ICC and suggests that HES1 may represent a therapeutic target in ICC.
Silver Lining: Reduced Relapse with Chronic GVHD after Transplant for MDS
Authors: Eckel Ashley M. , Deeg H. Joachim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chronic GVHD following hematopoietic cell transplantation is associated with reduced relapse incidence in patients with leukemias. This impact has been investigated in myelodysplastic syndrome, showing a beneficial impact of limited chronic GVHD on transplant outcomes in a cohort of more than 3,000 patients.
See related article by Konuma et al., p. 6483
Critical Remarks on Codices in which Galen Appears as a Member of the gens Claudia
Authors: Alexandru Stefan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Some nineteenth-century scholars misleadingly thought that no Greek codex supports Galen’s legal affiliation to the gens Claudia. When the manuscript Thessalonicensis Vlatadon 14 was thrust into the limelight with regard to this issue in 2011, it was promptly imagined that the relevant information derived from Renaissance Italy, thanks to the voyages and studies of John Argyropoulos. Allegedly there also is a codex gemellus of the Vlatadon witness, the MS Athous Iviron Graecus 184, which does not transmit that gentilic name. The article shows that the latter codex cannot reasonably be regarded as a twin manuscript of the former. Moreover, it disproves the widespread scholarly claim that Galen is never named Claudius in documents that antedate the Age of Humanism, drawing attention to some insufficiently explored Byzantine sources, the oldest of which dates back to around 1200 AD.
Les maladies de l’âme
Authors: Saudelli Lucia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One of Plato’s principal innovations is the notion of psychic illness. He discusses this topic in different dialogues: in the Timaeus the discussion is based on a physiological theory and is set in a cosmological framework. The article focuses on this account of the diseases of the soul and explains the ‘diagnostic’ part of it, as well as the ‘therapeutic’ one. It raises three main problems: first, the natural determinism of psychic illness, which is the outcome of bodily defectiveness; second, the interactionist dualism between body and soul, their mutual influence that determines both insanity and health; third, the intellectual moralism, because we should not be held responsible for our mental disabilities.
Early Identifications of Apollo with the Physical Sun in Ancient Greece
Authors: Bilić Tomislav 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It appears that Apollo’s identification with the physical sun is predominantly understood in modern scholarship as a philosophical interpretation of a traditional religious belief. More precisely, it is often understood as an application of physical allegoresis on the tenets of traditional religion and thus attributed to a later stratum of Greek thought. A new evaluation of ancient evidence presented here reveals that the Apollo-sun identification was present in Greek ethnographic context from the earliest period and cannot be reduced to a philosophical reinterpretation of traditional myth and religion. At the same time, the authors interested in the interpretation of traditional religion in terms of natural philosophy were especially prone to use the Apollo-sun identification in their works, since it was able to provide substantial support for their hermeneutic approach.