bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocidal Activity of Selected Preparations for Leather Protection
Authors: Falkiewicz-Dulik Michalina 
Published: January 2020

This research work involved the selection of biocides for the antimicrobial treatment of leathers. The scope of the research work covered microbiological tests of leather samples tanned utilising the same technology, with microbiological treatment made using 9 different preparations, as well as a test of leather without biostabilisation. Commercial biocides taken for inwestigation were as follows: NS 500 – an aqueous solution of nanosilver 500 ppm, ODH – tea tree oil, and OP – orange oil. Preparations prepared by diluting the purchased products were as follows: S27-22 – an aqueous solution containing silver chloride and titanium dioxide, SH 22-27 – an aqueous solution containing zinc pyrithione, ST 99-19 – an aqueous solution containing dimethyltetradecyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride, SU – an aqueous solution containing polyhexamethylene biguanide, and SGP – a saturated solution of aluminum potassium sulfate. Also a preparation was made by combining NS 500 M250 – 500 ppm nanosilver solution and a 250 ppm copper colloid. Evaluation of the effectiveness of biostabilisation of the leather samples and antimicrobial activity of the preparations used was carried out. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes fungi were used in the study. The assessment of microbial growth on samples was carried out according to Polish standards. Assessment of the resistance to bacteria and C. albicans yeast was made according to the PN-EN ISO 20645: 2006 standard – a method of diffusion on an agar plate. Assessment of the resistance to A. brasiliensis and T. mentagrophytes fungi was made according to the PN-EN ISO 14119: 2005 standard. Among the tested preparations to protect leathers against the effects of microorganisms, overall efficacy was obtained for SH 22-27, NS 500 M 250, SU and ODH.
«Així com un camp de batalla»: A l’entorn de les imatges de tipus militar als sermons de Vicent Ferrer
Authors: Aguilar Josep Antoni 
Published: January 2020

El corpus sermonari de sant Vicent Ferrer es ric en simils i al・legories de tall bellic. El present article analitza l’us d’aquest tipus d’imatgeria per part del dominic valencia, principalmente mitjancant la lectura comparada dels seus sermons amb els d’altres predicadors medievals i diversos tractats de predicacio de l’epoca. En concret, hom centra l’atencio en tres aspectes de la presencia d’aquesta mena d’imatges dins la predicacio vicentina: a) la presentacio de Jesucrist com un cavaller (Christus miles) que lluita contra el diable per tal de redimir la humanitat; b) el desenvolupament de similitudines complexes en que el conjunt de la cristiandat es presentat com una host en formacio de batalla contra els vicis i les temptacions; i c) el recurs frequent a l’al・legoria del castell espiritual, un simbol el significat del qual fluctúa en funcio de cada sermo.Saint Vincent Ferrer’s corpus of sermons presents a rich variety of military similes and allegories. The present paper analyzes the use of these images in Ferrerian preaching, and does it mainly by means of a comparative approach which takes into account also the work of other medieval preachers and several Artes praedicandi treatises. Particular consideration has been given to three diferent aspects of the use of this sort of imagery in Ferrer’s sermons: a) the portrayal of Jesus Christ as a knight (Christus miles) who jousts against the devil for human salvation; b) the elaboration of complex similitudines in which the whole of Christendom is represented as a host assembled in battle array against temptations and vices; c) the regular use of the spiritual allegory of the castle under siege, a symbol whose meaning fluctuates from sermon to sermon.
Lower Atmospheric Wind Dynamics as Measured by the 1290 MHz Wind Profiler Radar Located at Cardington (Lat. 52.10ºN, Long. 0.42ºE), UK and Their Comparisons with Near-by Radiosonde Instrument
Authors: Satyavani M. , Brahmanandam P. S. , V. Subba Rao P. S. , P. Rao M. 
Published: January 2020

This study reports diurnal variations of wind directions, wind speed of vector winds, and the evolution of boundary layer (BL) over a mid-latitude measured using a transportable 1290 MHz wind profiling radar located at Cardington (Lat. 52.10ºN; Long. 0.42ºE), Bedfordshire, UK from 17 to 28 April 2010. The horizontal winds show benign behavior during nighttime hours, while winds during daytime hours had magnitudes around, on average, 10-20 m/s, in the majority of the cases. The heights of the boundary layer (BL) varied from as low as ~1100 m to ~2600 km and BL height had shown to have evolved from 0700 universal time (UT) onwards and collapsed by 0000 UT. Besides, a comparison made between winds measured by the 1290 MHz radar and near-by radiosonde showed a moderate similitude between them, albeit a few discrepancies are found in wind directions and speeds. The possible reasons for these discrepancies could be different volume sensing of observations of these independent observations. An attempt is, therefore, made to calculate radiosonde balloon drifts [1] for the ascending node of the balloons, which had confirmed that the balloons often drifted horizontally as long as up to 100 km. The large drifts, most probably, are the possible reasons for the mismatching of winds measured by these two independent remote sensing instruments.
Ex-vivo Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activities Assay of G. asiatica and G. tiliaefolia (Tiliaceae) Leaves
Authors: Islam Joy Md. Kamrul , Akhter Nazma , Reza Rawnak , Rahman Antara Mst. Sayma , Islam Md. Shariful , De la Cruz Celia-Vargas , Islam Md. Rakibul 
Published: January 2020

Aims: Our study was carried out to appraise acetylcholinestrase (AChE) and butyrylcholinestrase (BChE) inhibitory activities of Grewia asiatica and Grewia tiliaefolia leaves extracts.
Study Design: For the purpose of these experiments the extracts were subjected to an ex-vivo study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between June 2018 to December 2018 in the Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methodology: In this study, cholinesterase inhibitory activities of different fractions of crude ethanol extract of both plants were examined using swiss albino mice at 300 mg/kg b.w. dose. We determined anti-acetylcholinestrase (AChE) and anti-butyrylcholinestrase (BChE) activities using slightly modified Elman coupled enzyme assay.
Results: The highest inhibition of bovine brain acetylcholinesterase and human blood butyrylcholinesterase were exhibited by PEF and CLF of G. asiatica with the IC50 values were found to be 55.88 μg/ml and 26.14 μg/ml respectively whereas the highest inhibition of bovine brain acetylcholinesterase and human blood butyrylcholinesterase were exhibited by CLF of G. tiliaefolia.
Conclusion: The result of the present study on various fractions of these plants has a considerable anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-butyrylcholinesterase activities which suggest its effectiveness against various neurodegenerative disorders.
Effect of Germination on Vitamin C Content and Amylolytic Activity of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)
Authors: Srujana M. Naga Sai , Kumari B. Anila , Maheswari K. Uma , Devi K. B. Suneetha , Suneetha W. Jessie 
Published: January 2020

Aims: To study the parameters for recording speed of germination, vitamin C and amylolytic changes in quinoa over a period of 72 h.
Sample: Whole (HGQ) quinoa grain (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) was procured from Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, PJTS Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad and commercially processed quinoa seed (CGQ) was purchased from local market was studied for the germination capacity after dehulling.
Study Design: Analyzing the germination speed parameters and vitamin C, amylolytic changes over 72 h of time period.
Place and Duration of Study: Analysis was conducted in PGRC Laboratory, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.
Results: Quinoa has strong germination capacity. The result indicates that higher FGP was seen at 20°C (83%) followed by 15°C (81%) and 25°C (80%). The radicals protruded after 4hrs of imbibition and reached to maximum length at 68hrs for 15°C and 25°C, where as it continued up to 72hrs for 20°C. Box plot diagram showed the median values at 20°C temperature ranged between 0.95 to 36.95 where as at 15°C it was 0.41 to 29.1 and 0.69 to 33.55 in 25°C indicating maximum viability of the grain at 20°C temperature. The mean scores of vitamin C content was high at 20°C temperature at all stages when compared to other two temperatures i.e. 15°C and 25°C. It showed that α- amylase activity was developed in germinated samples and rapidly increased up to 32hrs of imbibition and slightly decreased after 48hrs of germination.
Conclusion: Quinoa has high germinated capacity as it started from 4hrs upon germination.
Prevalence and Intensity of Salmincola edwardsii in Brook Trout in Northwest New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: White Carson F. H. , Gray Michelle A. , Kidd Karen A. , Duffy Michael S. , Lento Jennifer , Monk Wendy A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Parasites can compromise the health and fitness of individual fish, and it is important to generate baseline information that can then be used to document changes in the abundance and distribution of potentially pathogenic parasites. The ectoparasitic copepod Salmincola edwardsii was assessed with respect to prevalence (percentage of infected fish per site), infection intensity (number of parasites per infected fish), and attachment location on Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in northwest New Brunswick, Canada. Ten sample sites were assessed, with six sites on two streams in the Quisibis River basin and four sites on three streams in the Restigouche River basin. Parasite species identity was supported by 100% sequence identity with S. edwardsii in a variable region within 28S rDNA. The prevalence of fish infected per site ranged from 19.0% to 79.6%, with an overall prevalence of 48.5 ± 19.1% (mean ± SD) per site. Mean infection intensity was 1.5 ± 0.9 copepods/fish (range = 1–7), with parasites almost exclusively surrounding the dorsal fin and/or adipose fin (97.6%). There was no influence of trout age-class on parasite prevalence. Some fish presented with fin erosion at the site of parasite attachment (12.5%), and 6.2% also presented with hyperplastic skin lesions where no parasites were observed, that could be misinterpreted as secondary bacterial or fungal infections. Skin and fin damage were significantly more common when fish were infected with three or more individual parasites. The pathogenic potential of this parasite makes its presence noteworthy as a risk to salmonids that are both recreationally and ecologically important.
A Review of Vertical Organic Transistors
Authors: Kleemann Hans , Krechan Kevin , Fischer Axel , Leo Karl 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPowerful electronic devices require performant short‐channel transistors. For organic electronics, though, promising low‐cost and flexible electronic circuits, high processing costs for short channel devices are not acceptable. In this regard, vertical organic transistors (VOTs) are an attractive alternative, and in fact, today they reach the highest transition frequency (40 MHz) and the highest footprint current density (>1 MA cm−2) among all organic transistors. Here, all VOT concepts are reviewed, while discussing device physics, integration approaches, and highlighting the recent developments. The upcoming challenges for the VOT technology are also presented with a guideline for further developments.
Emergence of Multispinterface and Antiferromagnetic Molecular Exchange Bias via Molecular Stacking on a Ferromagnetic Film
Authors: Jo Junhyeon , Byun Jinho , Lee Jaebyeong , Choe Daeseong , Oh Inseon , Park Jungmin , Jin Mi‐Jin , Lee Jaekwang , Yoo Jung‐Woo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHeterointerfaces may exhibit unexpected physical properties distinct from intrinsic properties of component materials. In particular, metal–organic interfaces can drive unique interfacial spin moments, which are often called molecular spinterface. Here, van der Waals stacking of molecular layers may lead to variations in the intra/interlayer exchange coupling resulting in multiple ground states, which is highly desired for multifunctional magnetic devices. In this report, the emergence of molecular multispinterface of paramagnetic cobalt‐octaethyl‐porphyrin (CoOEP) layers in a Fe/CoOEP heterostructure is demonstrated through the interfacial layer and a successive antiferromagnetic molecular spin chain. The disentangled interfacial ferromagnetic spins lead to multiple magnetic ground states and behave as additional spin‐dependent scattering centers, as evidenced through the magnetotransport study. In addition, the antiferromagnetic molecule spin chain derives tunable exchange bias, which signifies the dominance of the antiferromagnetic interfacial interaction. Theoretical calculations demonstrate spin configurations of the molecular chain and the antiferromagnetic interfacial coupling through oxygen intermediaries. The development of the molecular multispinterface and controllable exchange bias therein will provide a promising route for the active control of multivalued data processing at the nanoscale.
Layered‐Perovskite Nanowires with Long‐Range Orientational Order for Ultrasensitive Photodetectors
Authors: Zhao Yingjie , Qiu Yuchen , Gao Hanfei , Feng Jiangang , Chen Gaosong , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract2D layered metal‐halide perovskites combine efficient exciton radiative recombination in crystal interior with long‐distance free‐carrier conduction at layer edges, which are promising candidates for realizing high‐performance photovoltaic, light‐emission and photodetection devices. The anisotropic electrical conductivity in layered perovskites imposes an additional requirement of orientational control for enabling favorable charge transport. However, rational fabrication of single‐crystalline nanostructures with pure crystallographic orientation is still elusive. Herein, large‐scale pure (101)‐orientated 2D‐perovskite single‐crystalline nanowire arrays are realized by combining solvent engineering with the capillary‐bridge lithography technique. Ordered nucleation at liquid–air interface and unidirectional growth along the dewetting direction are demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and grazing‐incidence X‐ray scattering in discrete capillary bridges. In consideration of crystal interior exhibiting high resistance arising from the serial insulating organic barriers and ultrafast dissociation of excitons to generate long‐lived free carriers at layer edges, ultrasensitive photodetectors are demonstrated with average responsivity exceeding 1.1 × 104 A W−1 and detectivity exceeding 9.1 × 1015 Jones.
Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead‐End or Bright Future?
Authors: Schweicher Guillaume , Garbay Guillaume , Jouclas Rémy , Vibert François , Devaux Félix , Geerts Yves H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2V−1s−1. However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.
Ambient Air Stability of Hybrid Perovskite Thin‐Film Transistors by Ambient Air Processing
Authors: Mativenga Mallory , Ji Jeoungmin , Hoang Nhu Thi to , Haque Farjana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite the widespread research on organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, the ambient air instability and ion migration‐induced hysteresis in the current–voltage characteristics of their devices remain unsolved. Here, it is shown that stable ambient air operation of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) thin‐film transistors can be achieved by solution processing of the MAPbI3 film in ambient air via solvent engineering. N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hydroiodic acid (HI), is found to be the most suitable solvent for one‐step deposition in ambient air. While the HI promotes homogeneous nucleation, the low boiling point of DMF and the high vapor pressure and strong Lewis base property of DMSO lead to fast crystallization and consequent large grain size. The oxygen in air passivates grain boundary defects, thereby improving lateral conduction and minimizing grain boundary defect‐mediated ion migration. This approach paves the way for the simple fabrication of hybrid perovskites by eliminating the need for well‐controlled inert environments and provides a solution for the problem of ambient air stability in perovskite devices.
GaSe/MoS2 Heterostructure with Ohmic‐Contact Electrodes for Fast, Broadband Photoresponse, and Self‐Driven Photodetectors
Authors: He Zhenbei , Guo Junxiong , Li Shangdong , Lei Zhicheng , Lin Lin , Ke Yizhen , Jie Wenjing , Gong Tianxun , Lin Yuan , Cheng Tiedong , Huang Wen , Zhang Xiaosheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this letter, the vertically‐stacked GaSe/MoS2 heterostructures with indium tin oxide (ITO) and Ni/Au as contact electrodes are successfully fabricated, respectively. The GaSe/MoS2 heterostructure exhibits a broadband photoresponse covering the range of visible to near‐infrared spectra at room temperature without external bias voltage. When ITO serves as contact electrodes, a high rectification ratio, i.e., 1.5 × 104 at VDS = ±1 V, and an excellent photoelectric performance, i.e., responsivity of ≈0.67 A W‐1, specific detectivity of ≈2.3 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W‐1 and external quantum efficiency of ≈160% at the wavelength of 520 nm is achieved. Moreover, the GaSe/MoS2 heterostructure with Ohmic‐contact ITO electrodes demonstrates a faster response time of 155 µs, which is 4 times faster than the GaSe/MoS2 heterostructure with Ni/Au electrodes and about 300 times faster than previous reports. These results reveal the presence of an abrupt p–n junction between GaSe and MoS2 and significant role of electrode‐contact mode in determining the photoelectric properties of GaSe/MoS2 heterostructure.
Electrospun Fibrous PVDF‐TrFe Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering, Differentiation, and Maturation
Authors: Adadi Nofar , Yadid Moran , Gal Idan , Asulin Masha , Feiner Ron , Edri Reuven , Dvir Tal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCardiac tissue engineering aims to create cardiac tissue constructs that recapitulate the structure and function of the native heart. This approach has been widely used for creating myocardial implants for regenerative medicine, and more recently, for developing in vitro cardiotoxicity screening assays. However, once the engineered myocardial tissues are implanted or subjected to pharmacological stimuli, their performance should be monitored. Currently, there is no biomaterial that promotes functional tissues assembly while providing real‐time information about their function, in situ. In this study, the piezoelectric phenomenon is sought to be exploited, to measure the contractions generated by engineered cardiac tissues. A poly‐(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)‐based electrospun fiber scaffold is developed, and it is hypothesized that the contractions of cardiomyocytes in the scaffold will induce mechanical deformations, which will result in measurable electric voltage. The PVDF scaffolds are characterized and optimized for supporting formation of aligned, functional, cardiac tissues. The scaffolds' function is then validated as sensors for tissue contraction and it is demonstrated that they can sense contractions of tissues constructed from as few as 5 × 105 cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that human induced pluripotent stem cells can be directly seeded and differentiated to cardiomyocytes, and then mature over the course of 40 days on the PVDF fiber scaffolds.
Waveguide‐Integrated Broadband Spectrometer Based on Tailored Disorder
Authors: Hartmann Wladick , Varytis Paris , Gehring Helge , Walter Nicolai , Beutel Fabian , Busch Kurt , Pernice Wolfram 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCompact, on‐chip spectrometers exploiting tailored disorder for broadband light scattering enable high‐resolution signal analysis while maintaining a small device footprint. Due to multiple scattering events of light in the disordered medium, the effective path length of the device is significantly enhanced. Here, on‐chip spectrometers are realized for visible and near‐infrared wavelengths by combining an efficient broadband fiber‐to‐chip coupling approach with a scattering area in a broadband transparent silicon nitride waveguiding structure. Air holes etched into a structured silicon nitride slab terminated with multiple waveguides enable multipath light scattering in a diffusive regime. Spectral‐to‐spatial mapping is performed by determining the transmission matrix at the waveguide outputs, which is then used to reconstruct the probe signals. Direct comparison with theoretical analyses shows that such devices can be used for high‐resolution spectroscopy from the visible up to the telecom wavelength regime.
Systematic generation of alternative production schedules
Authors: Lee Hojae , Gupta Dhruv , Maravelias Christos T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe propose a systematic approach for generating alternative production schedules to address two challenges in implementing optimization‐based scheduling techniques in industrial settings: (a) the limited scope of the scheduling models due to modeling simplifications, and (b) the consideration of shop‐floor nervousness. We first introduce metrics to quantify specific characteristics of a schedule (e.g., number of batches and degree of nervousness). Next, we favor, at different degrees, such characteristics in each alternative schedule, by penalizing the metrics in the objective function. Through illustrative instances, we show that multiple alternative schedules, including schedules with desired properties can readily be generated.
Controlling Single Molecule Conductance by a Locally Induced Chemical Reaction on Individual Thiophene Units
Authors: Michnowicz Tomasz , Borca Bogdana , Pétuya Rémi , Schendel Verena , Pristl Marcel , Pentegov Ivan , Kraft Ulrike , Klauk Hagen , Wahl Peter , Mutombo Pingo , Jelínek Pavel , Arnau Andrés , Schlickum Uta , Kern Klaus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAmong the prerequisites for the progress of single‐molecule‐based electronic devices are a better understanding of the electronic properties at the individual molecular level and the development of methods to tune the charge transport through molecular junctions. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is an ideal tool not only for the characterization, but also for the manipulation of single atoms and molecules on surfaces. The conductance through a single molecule can be measured by contacting the molecule with atomic precision and forming a molecular bridge between the metallic STM tip electrode and the metallic surface electrode. The parameters affecting the conductance are mainly related to their electronic structure and to the coupling to the metallic electrodes. Here, the experimental and theoretical analyses are focused on single tetracenothiophene molecules and demonstrate that an in situ‐induced direct desulfurization reaction of the thiophene moiety strongly improves the molecular anchoring by forming covalent bonds between molecular carbon and copper surface atoms. This bond formation leads to an increase of the conductance by about 50 % compared to the initial state.