bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible microfluidic measurement with zinc tetraphenylporphyrin aiming at slipping NH3 detection
Authors: Zhou Hao , Yin Qi , Yang Zheng , Song Yilin 
Published: September 2020

A microfluidic chip that can realise reversible and highly selective NH3 detection by separating NH3 from the complex environment is fabricated for slipping NH3 detection. The microfluidic chip consisting of the reaction unit, the gas‐diffusion unit and detection unit applied the immobilised zinc tetraphenylporphyrin as the indicating material. The continuous spectrum change showed the light intensity decreased in the green range (500–550 nm). Based on the analysis of the spectrum change at 528 nm, a one‐to‐one relationship between the spectrum change and concentration was revealed. The reversibility of the detection process makes the detection advantageous. Also, the rapidity of the proposed method is proved by the time responses of the indicating and recovering processes. According to the 40 tests conducted for various concentrations, it was concluded that the results are stable and the entire system is reliable.
Facile preparation of cancer cell membrane vehicle loaded with indocyanine green for effective photothermal therapy of cancer
Authors: Sun Ying , Ni Jiang , Zhao Yiqing , Gao Qiufang 
Published: September 2020

In this study, using the lung cancer cells (A549) as the model cell line, the authors proposed a facile method to prepare uniform‐sized cancer cell membrane (Ccm) vehicle, which was then employed to load the photothermal agent indocyanine green (ICG) for effective cancer photothermal therapy (PTT). The as‐prepared Ccm/ICG was demonstrated to have a uniform particle size of around 100 nm, which was capable of targeting the A549 cells through Ccm‐mediated endocytosis. As a result, the Ccm/ICG increased the cellular uptake of Ce6 into A549 cells as compared to free ICG and potentiated the PTT efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, which might be a promising drug delivery system for advanced cancer therapy.
Sub-milliarcsecond imaging of a bright flare and ejection event in the extragalactic jet 3C 111
Authors: Schulz R. , Kadler M. , Ros E. , Perucho M. , Krichbaum T. P. , Agudo I. , Beuchert T. , Lindqvist M. , Mannheim K. , Wilms J. , Zensus J. A. 
Published: September 2020

Context. Flares in radio-loud active galactic nuclei are thought to be associated with the injection of fresh plasma into the compact jet base. Such flares are usually strongest and appear earlier at shorter radio wavelengths. Hence, very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at millimeter(mm)-wavelengths is the best-suited technique for studying the earliest structural changes of compact jets associated with emission flares.
Aims. We study the morphological changes of the parsec-scale jet in the nearby (z = 0.049) γ-ray bright radio galaxy 3C 111 following a flare that developed into a major radio outburst in 2007.
Methods. We analyse three successive observations of 3C 111 at 86 GHz with the Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA) between 2007 and 2008 which yield a very high angular resolution of ∼45 μas. In addition, we make use of single-dish radio flux density measurements from the F-GAMMA and POLAMI programmes, archival single-dish and VLBI data.
Results. We resolve the flare into multiple plasma components with a distinct morphology resembling a bend in an otherwise remarkably straight jet. The flare-associated features move with apparent velocities of ∼4.0c to ∼4.5c and can be traced also at lower frequencies in later epochs. Near the base of the jet, we find two bright features with high brightness temperatures up to ∼1011 K, which we associate with the core and a stationary feature in the jet.
Conclusions. The flare led to multiple new jet components indicative of a dynamic modulation during the ejection. We interpret the bend-like feature as a direct result of the outburst which makes it possible to trace the transverse structure of the jet. In this scenario, the components follow different paths in the jet stream consistent with expectations for a spine-sheath structure, which is not seen during intermediate levels of activity. The possibility of coordinated multiwavelength observations during a future bright radio flare in 3C 111 makes this source an excellent target for probing the radio-γ-ray connection.
Development and Optimization of Methscopolamine Bromide Gastroretentive Floating Tablets Using 32 Factorial Design
Authors: Singh Maninder Pal , Kumar Manish , Shankar Ravi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to formulate methscopolamine floating drug delivery system to increase its gastro retention for further enhancement of absorption and overall bioavailability.
Method Direct compression method was used to formulate floating drug delivery system of methscopolamine bromide. Different amount of HPMC, PVP K25, and MCC were used for preparation of tablets.
Result The prepared tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, weight variation, floating lag time, swelling index and in-vitro drug release. All the formulations showed less than 10% of weight variation. The hardness and thickness of all the formulations were within the range of 3.7−4.2 kg/cm2 and 3.63−3.83 mm respectively. Floating lag time for all the formulations was reported in seconds. The degree of swelling was reported in range of 82.10−85.83%. In vitro release was carried out for 24 h. The maximum release was shown by F1 (93.947%) while the minimum release was observed for F4 (90.420%). The best formulation was optimized on the basis of percentage cumulative drug release, floating lag time and swelling index. F1 found to be the best formulation. Further on analyzing the drug release mechanism, F1 found to exhibit korsmeyer peppas model of drug release.
Conclusion Floating gastroretentive tablet of methscopolamine bromide was successfully developed using direct compression method with potential to enhance the drug absorption and effective treatment of peptic ulcer.
Epidemiology of scaphoid fractures and non-unions: A systematic review
Authors: Jørgsholm Peter , Ossowski Daniel , Thomsen Niels , Björkman Anders 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone in adults as well as in children. Previous studies have reported a wide range of fracture incidences. Scaphoid fractures and non-unions in children have been sparsely investigated.Aim To perform a systematic review of the current literature on epidemiology of scaphoid fractures and non-unions in adults and children.Methods An electronic literature search was conducted investigating all studies in the literature published between January 1989 and June 23 2020. The systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines and searching in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library databases was done in June 2020.Results 42 studies met our inclusion criteria, 6 studies were prospective, 32 were retrospective and 4 were register studies. The majority of studies relied on conventional radiographs for diagnosis. Scaphoid fractures in adults are predominately found in males with a peak incidence in the age group from 20 to 29 years. Incidence rates in males are reported from 107 to 151/100 000. Females have an earlier peak, in the age group 10 to 19 years, with an incidence from 14 to 46/100 000. Most fractures occur in the middle third of the scaphoid representing 60–69 % of cases. Scaphoid fractures in children are predominately found in boys age 12 and above, while it seldomly occur for children younger than 9 years. In adults the risk for developing a scaphoid non-union is between 2 % and 5 %, the majority affecting males and predominately located at the middle third of the scaphoid. Non-unions among children are rare and mainly due to missed or delayed diagnosis of a fracture in the middle third of the scaphoid.Conclusion This review revealed a substantial heterogeneity among studies concerning study population, diagnosis criterial and outcome measures. Currently, evidence on epidemiology for scaphoid fractures and non-unions are low.
Semi-automated Analysis of Ventilation-Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Tomography in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism – Does it add extra value?
Authors: Kurth Jens , Uhländer Johannes , Aladwan Hamzeh , Göhrendt Anna , Baier Henriette , Heuschkel Martin , Schümichen Carl , Krause Bernd Joachim , Schwarzenböck Sarah Marie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aim Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism using V/P-SPECT may include the application of advanced image-processing techniques to identify V/P-mismatches. Aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit in clinical decision making in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.by whether adding to conventional reading a software that automatically calculates and visualizes the ventilation/perfusion-quotient pixel by pixel.
Methods 63 consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of PE who underwent V/P-SPECT were included in this retrospective study. Images were randomly ordered both for standard as well as for software-assisted reading using V/P-quotients. Studies were read independently by 2 experienced and 2 inexperienced raters. Diagnostic performance and observer agreement of all readers and both reading methods were determined.
Results Expert observers consistently achieved a high diagnostic accuracy both in conventional as well as in software-assisted reporting (sensitivity: 0.94 vs. 0.94, specificity: 0.96 vs. 0.97, LR+: 17.32 vs. 28.86, LR– stayed constant at 0.06). For inexperienced readers, diagnostic performance improved: sensitivity raised from 0.74 to 0.85 and specificity from 0.86 to 0.95, LR+ raised from 5.20 to 15.69, LR– decreased from 0.31 to 0.16. Inter-rater reliability (Fleiss’ κ) improved from 0.63 to 0.86 by using V/P quotient.
Conclusion Benefit from a software-tool that calculates V/P-ratio automatically is only small when used by experienced physicians If inexperienced readers use the software, the diagnostic accuracy increases. Images generated by automated calculation of V/P-mismatches are easy to read and their use might help to standardize and objectify interpretation of V/P-SPECT in the diagnosis of PE.
The Effect of Anesthesia Type During Delivery on Neonatal Otoacoustic Emission Hearing Test Results: A Tertiary Center Experience
Authors: Yakıştıran Betül , Karslı Mehmet , Canpolat Emre , Oğuz Yüksel , Altınboğa Orhan , Celen Sevki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground Hearing is essential for the healthy development of an infant as language is one of the main stimulants of intellectual capacity. We investigate the effect of anesthesia type during delivery on neonatal otoacoustic emission (OAE) hearing test results.Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study includes 1,493 healthy, full-term (39/0–40/6 gestational weeks) newborns of healthy women and who were delivered by cesarean section. Newborns were divided into 2 groups based on their anesthesia type during delivery: 1) general anesthesia group (n=160), and 2) spinal anesthesia group (n=1333). Maternal age, anesthesia type, birth weight, gestational age at birth, neonatal gender, 1st–5th minute APGAR scores, and OAE results were compared between the groups.Results 1287 (86.2%) newborns were reported to have passed the first step of OAE; 206 (13.8%) newborns were reported to have failed the first step and passed the second test. In the general anesthesia group, 133 (83.1%) of the newborns passed the first OAE test and 27 (16.9%) newborns had false-positive results. In the spinal anesthesia group, 1,154 (86.6%) of the newborns passed the first OAE test and 179 (13.4%) newborns had false-positive results. The difference between the 2 groups by false-positive values was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions Type of delivery anesthesia may have an effect on the false-positive rates of OAE test results.
Asymmetric Induction and Amplification in Stereodynamic Catalytic Systems by Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Trapp Oliver , Scholtes Jan Felix 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe local transmission of chiral information by noncovalent interactions is one of the most fundamental processes broadly found in nature, i.e. in complex biochemical systems. This review summarizes our accomplishments in investigating chiral induction in stereodynamic ligands and catalysts by weak intermolecular interactions. It includes our efforts to characterize numerous stereodynamic compounds in detail with respect to their thermodynamic and kinetic properties. Furthermore, many stereolabile ligands for enantioselective catalysis are described, where directed stereoinduction afforded highly enantio- or diastereoenriched catalysts for subsequent selective asymmetric transformations. Various approaches for the dynamic enrichment of one of the catalyst’s conformers are presented, such as noncovalent interaction of the ligand with a chiral environment or a chiral solute. Finally, successful chemical systems are presented in which a process of chiral induction can be coupled with an autoinductive mechanism triggered by the chirality of its own reaction product, realizing Nature-inspired feedback loops resulting in self-amplifying, enantioselective catalytic reactions.1	Introduction2	Mapping the Stereodynamic Landscape3	Chiral Induction by Noncovalent Interactions4	Autoinduction and Chiral Amplification5	Self-Alignment and Emergence of Chirality6	Conclusion
Quantitative Musculoskeletal Tumor Imaging
Authors: Howe B Matthew , Broski Stephen M. , Littrell Laurel A. , Pepin Kay M. , Wenger Doris E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe role of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) techniques continues to grow and evolve in the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors. In this review we discuss the MRI quantitative techniques of volumetric measurement, chemical shift imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, elastography, spectroscopy, and dynamic contrast enhancement. We also review quantitative PET techniques in the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors, as well as virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional printing.
Improving Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Fang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeep learning methods have shown promising results for accelerating quantitative musculoskeletal (MSK) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for T2 and T1ρ relaxometry. These methods have been shown to improve musculoskeletal tissue segmentation on parametric maps, allowing efficient and accurate T2 and T1ρ relaxometry analysis for monitoring and predicting MSK diseases. Deep learning methods have shown promising results for disease detection on quantitative MRI with diagnostic performance superior to conventional machine-learning methods for identifying knee osteoarthritis.
Preoperative Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Non-epithelial Ovarian Tumors: Clinical Features and Tumor Markers
Authors: Gomes Tiago Augusto , Campos Elizabeth Aparecida , Yoshida Adriana , Sarian Luís Otavio , Andrade Liliana Aparecida Lucci de Angelo , Derchain Sophie Françoise 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the role of clinical features and preoperative measurement of cancer antigen 125 (CA125), human epididymis protein (HE4), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) serum levels in women with benign and malignant non-epithelial ovarian tumors.
Methods One hundred and nineteen consecutive women with germ cell, sex cord-stromal, and ovarian leiomyomas were included in this study. The preoperative levels of biomarkers were measured, and then surgery and histopathological analysis were performed. Information about the treatment and disease recurrence were obtained from the medical files of patients.
Results Our sample included 71 women with germ cell tumors (64 benign and 7 malignant), 46 with sex cord-stromal tumors (32 benign and 14 malignant), and 2 with ovarian leiomyomas. Among benign germ cell tumors, 63 were mature teratomas, and, among malignant, four were immature teratomas. The most common tumors in the sex cord-stromal group were fibromas (benign) and granulosa cell tumor (malignant). The biomarker serum levels were not different among benign and malignant non-epithelial ovarian tumors. Fertility-sparing surgeries were performed in 5 (71.4%) women with malignant germ cell tumor. Eleven (78.6%) patients with malignant sex cord-stromal tumors were treated with fertility-sparing surgeries. Five women (71.4%) with germ cell tumors and only 1 (7.1%) with sex cord-stromal tumor were treated with chemotherapy. One woman with germ cell tumor recurred and died of the disease and one woman with sex cord-stromal tumor recurred.
Conclusion Non-epithelial ovarian tumors were benign in the majority of cases, and the malignant cases were diagnosed at initial stages with good prognosis. The measurements of CA125, HE4, and CEA serum levels were not useful in the preoperative diagnosis of these tumors.
Clinical and Radiographic Findings of Septic Physitis in Foals
Authors: Suarez-Fuentes David G. , Tatarniuk Dane M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this review is to detail the clinical and radiographic features of septic physitis in foals. Medical records were evaluated from 2008 to 2018 of cases that had septic physitis based on a combination of clinical and radiographic findings. Ten foals were diagnosed with septic physitis. In 8 of 10 foals, presence of a discrete, focal, irregular radiolucency centred on the physis and extending into the epiphysis and metaphysis was present. In the remaining two foals, subtle irregularity and diffuse radiolucency along the length of the physis was present. Three foals were able to later perform athletic function and two were sound but not in training (mean follow-up = 12 months). Overall, a distinguishing radiographic feature of septic physitis in foals is the presence of a focal radiolucency centred on the physis which is associated with the epiphysis and metaphysis consistent with osteolysis.
Violence, communication, and satisfaction among middle-aged adults and older people from Romania
Authors: Rada Cornelia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractData on intimate partner violence (IPV) are necessary when planning public health policies aimed at prevention and support. Family communication and satisfaction are essential for health and well-being. Here, we report the findings of a quantitative cross-sectional study performed between 2016 and 2017 on 601 patients (55–93-years-old) who were treated at the Ana Aslan National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics. We explore the answers to one item on the omnibus questionnaire (man-on-women, woman-on-man) regarding: (1) insults, swearing, humiliation; (2) being forced to engage in unwanted sexual intercourse; (3) withholding sexual activity or affection; (4) slapping, kicking, pushing; (5) hitting with a stick or other objects; (6) threatening with a knife or firearm; and (7) financial control, neglect, or food deprivation. Also, the Family Communication Scale (FCS) and Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS) are used. IPV prevalence was generally high, especially for the categories of insults, swearing, humiliation, withholding sexual activity, and affection. More women than men reported IPV, especially insults, swearing, and humiliation. More than a quarter of respondents (men and women) suffered occasionally or often from a form of abuse and experienced emotional abuse. The potential of family communication and satisfaction is relatively good, and these are associated. In the case of low and very low family communication and satisfaction, IPV prevalence was higher for all categories. There is a vicious circle because, on the one hand, violence can provoke emotional distance, and, on the other hand, a lack of intimacy and communication can lead to violence. At the same time, low satisfaction in a relationship can be seen both as a cause and as an effect of violence. Programs and information materials addressing family violence are rarely aimed at people in middle adulthood or older people and are instead focused on young women and children. We believe that this imbalance should be redressed.
Science Citation Index (SCI) and scientific evaluation system in China
Authors: Qian Junxi , Yuan Zhenjie , Li Jie , Zhu Hong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn February 2020, China’s Ministry of Education and Ministry of Science and Technology issued an official Opinion discouraging the use of the Science Citation Index (SCI) as a framework for the assessment of research performance. There is a need to assess the origin of the new policy, and how it will reshape cultures and practices of scientific knowledge production in China. We suggest that while concerns over the quality of research and conduct of scientists are at play, a deeper reason underlying the government’s adoption of a more cautious stance towards SCI is wider social controversy around what system of research assessment is best suited to social development and wellbeing in China. However, failing to continue to engage in international publication and collaboration would be self-defeating for China. We propose three recommendations for reforming scientific evaluation in China: diversity of criteria, autonomy of scientific evaluation, and quality of peer-review.
Impact shock origin of diamonds in ureilite meteorites
Authors: Nestola Fabrizio , Goodrich Cyrena A. , Morana Marta , Barbaro Anna , Jakubek Ryan S. , Christ Oliver , Brenker Frank E. , Domeneghetti M. Chiara , Dalconi M. Chiara , Alvaro Matteo , Fioretti Anna M. , Litasov Konstantin D. , Fries Marc D. , Leoni Matteo , Casati Nicola P. M. , Jenniskens Peter , Shaddad Muawia H. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
The origin of diamonds in ureilites is still a debated issue among the scientific community, with significant implications for the sizes of early Solar System bodies. We investigated three diamond-bearing ureilites by a multimethodological approach using scanning electron microscopy, micro X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy, with the aim of determining the origin of the diamonds. Our results show that formation of both microdiamonds and nanodiamonds in ureilites can be explained by impact shock events on a small planetesimal and does not require long growth times at high static pressures within a Mercury- or Mars-sized body.
Fast behavioral feedbacks make ecosystems sensitive to pace and not just magnitude of anthropogenic environmental change
Authors: Gil Michael A. , Baskett Marissa L. , Munch Stephan B. , Hein Andrew M. 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceHuman activities can alter the behavior of wildlife. Although behavior is known to affect species interactions and demography, behavioral feedbacks are often absent from the types of population models used to understand how ecosystems respond to anthropogenic change. We show that incorporating empirically measured fish feeding behavior into dynamical models of a coral reef alters how the ecosystem responds to fishing. Fish behavior can cause ecosystem collapse in response to less fishing but also, unexpectedly, to subtle differences in the pace at which fishing increases. Behavioral mechanisms similar to those included in our model are present in many ecological systems, and our findings suggest these mechanisms could inform both fundamental understanding and management strategies in such systems.