bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Electronic Device Use During Family Time and Family Well-Being: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhao Sheng Zhi , Guo Ningyuan , Wang Man Ping , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Lai Agnes Yuen Kwan , Chan Sophia Siu-Chee , Lam Tai Hing , Ho Daniel Sai Yin 
Published: July 2020

Background
Electronic devices (eDevices) may have positive or negative influences on family communication and well-being depending on how they are used.

Objective
We examined eDevice use during family time and its association with the quality of family communication and well-being in Hong Kong Chinese adults.

Methods
In 2017, a probability-based 2-stage random sampling landline telephone survey collected data on eDevice use in daily life and during family time (eg, family dinner) and the presence of rules banning eDevice use during family dinner. Family communication quality was rated from 0 to 10 with higher scores being favorable. Family well-being was calculated as a composite mean score of 3 items each using the same scale from 0 to 10. The associations of family communication quality and well-being with eDevice use in daily life and during family time were estimated using beta-coefficient (β) adjusting for sociodemographics. The mediating role of family communication quality in the association between eDevice use and family well-being was analyzed.

Results
Of the 2064 respondents (mean age 56.4 [SD 19.2] years, 1269/2064 [61.48%] female), 1579/2059 (76.69%) used an eDevice daily for a mean of 3.6 hours (SD 0.1) and 257/686 (37.5%) used it for 30+ minutes before sleep. As much as 794/2046 (38.81%) often or sometimes used an eDevice during family time including dinner (311/2017, 15.42%); 713/2012 (35.44%) reported use of an eDevice by family members during dinner. Lower family communication quality was associated with hours of eDevice use before sleep (adjusted β=–.25; 95% CI –0.44 to –0.05), and often use (vs never use) of eDevice during family dinner by oneself (adjusted β=–.51; 95% CI –0.91 to –0.10) and family members (adjusted β=–.54; 95% CI –0.79 to –0.29). Similarly, lower family well-being was associated with eDevice use before sleep (adjusted β=–.26; 95% CI –0.42 to –0.09), and often use during family dinner by oneself (adjusted β=–.48; 95% CI –0.83 to –0.12) and family members (adjusted β=–.50; 95% CI –0.72 to –0.28). Total ban of eDevice use during family dinner was negatively associated with often use by oneself (adjusted odds ratio 0.49; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.85) and family members (adjusted odds ratio 0.41; 95% CI 0.28, 0.60) but not with family communication and well-being. Lower family communication quality substantially mediated the total effect of the association of eDevice use time before sleep (61.2%) and often use at family dinner by oneself (87.0%) and by family members (67.8%) with family well-being.

Conclusions
eDevice use before sleep and during family dinner was associated with lower family well-being, and the association was substantially mediated by family communication quality. Our results suggest that interventions on smart use of eDevice may improve family communication and well-being.
Natural Language Processing for Rapid Response to Emergent Diseases: Case Study of Calcium Channel Blockers and Hypertension in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Neuraz Antoine , Lerner Ivan , Digan William , Paris Nicolas , Tsopra Rosy , Rogier Alice , Baudoin David , Cohen Kevin Bretonnel , Burgun Anita , Garcelon Nicolas , Rance Bastien ,   AP-HP/Universities/INSERM COVID-19 Research Collaboration; AP-HP COVID CDR Initiative
Published: July 2020

Background
A novel disease poses special challenges for informatics solutions. Biomedical informatics relies for the most part on structured data, which require a preexisting data or knowledge model; however, novel diseases do not have preexisting knowledge models. In an emergent epidemic, language processing can enable rapid conversion of unstructured text to a novel knowledge model. However, although this idea has often been suggested, no opportunity has arisen to actually test it in real time. The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic presents such an opportunity.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the added value of information from clinical text in response to emergent diseases using natural language processing (NLP).

Methods
We explored the effects of long-term treatment by calcium channel blockers on the outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with high blood pressure during in-patient hospital stays using two sources of information: data available strictly from structured electronic health records (EHRs) and data available through structured EHRs and text mining.

Results
In this multicenter study involving 39 hospitals, text mining increased the statistical power sufficiently to change a negative result for an adjusted hazard ratio to a positive one. Compared to the baseline structured data, the number of patients available for inclusion in the study increased by 2.95 times, the amount of available information on medications increased by 7.2 times, and the amount of additional phenotypic information increased by 11.9 times.

Conclusions
In our study, use of calcium channel blockers was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection. This finding was obtained by quickly adapting an NLP pipeline to the domain of the novel disease; the adapted pipeline still performed sufficiently to extract useful information. When that information was used to supplement existing structured data, the sample size could be increased sufficiently to see treatment effects that were not previously statistically detectable.
Exploring User Needs in the Development of a Virtual Reality–Based Advanced Life Support Training Platform: Exploratory Usability Study
Authors: Moore Nathan , Yoo Soojeong , Poronnik Philip , Brown Martin , Ahmadpour Naseem 
Published: July 2020

Background
Traditional methods of delivering Advanced Life Support (ALS) training and reaccreditation are resource-intensive and costly. Interactive simulations and gameplay using virtual reality (VR) technology can complement traditional training processes as a cost-effective, engaging, and flexible training tool.

Objective
This exploratory study aimed to determine the specific user needs of clinicians engaging with a new interactive VR ALS simulation (ALS-SimVR) application to inform the ongoing development of such training platforms.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted with experienced clinicians (n=10, median age=40.9 years) following a single playthrough of the application. All clinicians have been directly involved in the delivery of ALS training in both clinical and educational settings (median years of ALS experience=12.4; all had minimal or no VR experience). Interviews were supplemented with an assessment of usability (using heuristic evaluation) and presence.

Results
The ALS-SimVR training app was well received. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed five main areas of user needs that can inform future design efforts for creating engaging VR training apps: affordances, agency, diverse input modalities, mental models, and advanced roles.

Conclusions
This study was conducted to identify the needs of clinicians engaging with ALS-SimVR. However, our findings revealed broader design considerations that will be crucial in guiding future work in this area. Although aligning the training scenarios with accepted teaching algorithms is important, our findings reveal that improving user experience and engagement requires careful attention to technology-specific issues such as input modalities.
AutoScore: A Machine Learning–Based Automatic Clinical Score Generator and Its Application to Mortality Prediction Using Electronic Health Records
Authors: Xie Feng , Chakraborty Bibhas , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Goldstein Benjamin Alan , Liu Nan 
Published: July 2020

Background
Risk scores can be useful in clinical risk stratification and accurate allocations of medical resources, helping health providers improve patient care. Point-based scores are more understandable and explainable than other complex models and are now widely used in clinical decision making. However, the development of the risk scoring model is nontrivial and has not yet been systematically presented, with few studies investigating methods of clinical score generation using electronic health records.

Objective
This study aims to propose AutoScore, a machine learning–based automatic clinical score generator consisting of 6 modules for developing interpretable point-based scores. Future users can employ the AutoScore framework to create clinical scores effortlessly in various clinical applications.

Methods
We proposed the AutoScore framework comprising 6 modules that included variable ranking, variable transformation, score derivation, model selection, score fine-tuning, and model evaluation. To demonstrate the performance of AutoScore, we used data from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center to build a scoring model for mortality prediction and then compared the data with other baseline models using the receiver operating characteristic analysis. A software package in R 3.5.3 (R Foundation) was also developed to demonstrate the implementation of AutoScore.

Results
Implemented on the data set with 44,918 individual admission episodes of intensive care, the AutoScore-created scoring models performed comparably well as other standard methods (ie, logistic regression, stepwise regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and random forest) in terms of predictive accuracy and model calibration but required fewer predictors and presented high interpretability and accessibility. The nine-variable, AutoScore-created, point-based scoring model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.780 (95% CI 0.764-0.798), whereas the model of logistic regression with 24 variables had an AUC of 0.778 (95% CI 0.760-0.795). Moreover, the AutoScore framework also drives the clinical research continuum and automation with its integration of all necessary modules.

Conclusions
We developed an easy-to-use, machine learning–based automatic clinical score generator, AutoScore; systematically presented its structure; and demonstrated its superiority (predictive performance and interpretability) over other conventional methods using a benchmark database. AutoScore will emerge as a potential scoring tool in various medical applications.
ASPECTOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS, CLÍNICOS E EVOLUTIVOS DA TUBERCULOSE EM IDOSOS DE UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE BELÉM, PARÁ
Authors: Chaves Emanuele Cordeiro , Carneiro Irna Carla do Rosário Souza , Santos Maria Izabel Penha de Oliveira 
Published: July 2020

As alterações fisiológicas, principalmente as imunológicas, tornam o idoso mais vulnerável a infecções, como a tuberculose, doença que, nesse grupo, apresenta especificidade tanto em sua apresentação clínica quanto no seu manejo terapêutico. O objetivo consistiu em avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e evolutivos da tuberculose em idosos em um Hospital Universitário de Belém, Pará, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo coorte retrospectivo, realizado no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, onde foram analisados 82 prontuários de casos de tuberculose em idosos diagnosticados no período de 2009 a 2013. Como forma complementar de obtenção de informações, foi consultado o banco de dados do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde Pública. Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o programa eletrônico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 22.0, e aplicou-se o Teste G, admitindo-se nível α = 0,05 (5%) e valor de P ≤ 0,05. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa do Núcleo de Medicina Tropical sob Parecer n. 1.081.347. A maioria dos idosos era do sexo masculino (n = 53; 64,6%), com faixa etária de 60-69 anos, tanto entre os homens (n = 34; 64,2%) quanto entre as mulheres (n = 13; 44,8%), sendo essa diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,009), casos novos de tuberculose (n = 78; 95,1%), apresentando forma clínica pulmonar (n=62; 75,6%), agravos associados (n = 57; 69,5%) e tempo de internação superior a 21 dias (n = 38; 46,3%). Febre (n = 55; 67,1%), dispneia (n = 53; 64,6%), emagrecimento (n = 50; 61,0%), tosse produtiva (n = 49; 59,8%) e dor torácica (n = 42; 51,2%) foram os principais sinais e sintomas evidenciados. Em relação ao tratamento, houve elevado percentual de reações adversas (n = 41; 50%), destacando-se as manifestações gastrointestinais (n = 29; 70,7%). A maioria dos idosos evoluiu com cura (n = 49; 59,8%), contudo ressalta-se que o óbito por tuberculose foi considerável no grupo estudado (n = 13; 15,9%), ocorrendo principalmente no período de internação até 7 dias. Na relação das variáveis de exposição com o desfecho, verifica-se que a cura ocorreu mais frequentemente nos idosos da faixa etária de 60-69 anos, enquanto que o óbito entre os que tinham 70-79 anos, havendo significância estatística nessa relação (p = 0,017). Pacientes que evoluíram a óbito por tuberculose apresentaram menor tempo de internação (≤ 7 dias; p = 0,000) e reação adversa (p = 0,018). Concluiu-se que a apresentação clínica e o manejo terapêutico da tuberculose no idoso são diferenciados, por isso faz-se necessário o fortalecimento de estratégias que propiciem a identificação precoce dos idosos suspeitos de tuberculose na comunidade, o que deve ocorrer principalmente por meio da Atenção Básica.
Palavras-chave: Idoso. Tuberculose. Diagnóstico. Quimioterapia combinada.
THE CARTOGRAPHIC DISPOSITIF: FEW REMARKS ON “GLOBES” OF PETER SLOTERDIJK
Authors: Гавриленко Станислав Михайлович 
Published: July 2020

Отталкиваясь от предположения, что второй том «Сфер» Питера Слотердайка содержит концепцию того, что можно было назвать картографическим диспозитивом, автор предпринимает попытку реконструировать отдельные положения этой концепции и соотнести их с рядом идей, высказанных в современных специализированных исследованиях по истории картографии. Одно из главных положений, которое Слотердайк разделяет с большинством исследований карт и картографии, заключается в том, что карты слишком сложны, чтобы быть «всего лишь» простым выражением пространственных фактов. Вписывая рассуждения о картографии в контекст своей исторической теории наземной глобализации, Слотердайк показывает, что картографы выступали среди главных ее агентов, а карты и глобусы Земли стали одними из основных ее репрезентационных механизмов и практических инструментов. В статье рассматривается, что именно было высказано Слотердайком о картографии и картографических представлениях – картах и глобусах, этих мощнейших средств визуализации и эпистемологического накопления, но и политико-экономического контроля и переупорядочивания пространства.The author starts from the premise that the second volume of Peter Sloterdijk’s Spheres contains the conception of what could be called cartographic dispositif and tries to reconstruct separate provisions of this conception and relate them with some ideas made by contemporary specialized studies on the history of cartography. One of the main points, which Sloterdijk shares with these studies on maps and cartography, is that maps are too complex to be simple expression of spatial facts. Inscribing arguments about cartography in context of own theory of terrestrial globalization, Sloterdijk shows that cartographers were among its main actors and maps and globes of Earth were among its basic representational mechanisms and practical tools. The article provides description of what exactly was said by Sloterdijk about cartography and cartographic representations, extremely powerful tools of visualization and epistemic accumulation, but at the same time of political and economical control and of re-ordering of space. The main conclusion of the article is that Sloterdijk’s conception of cartography is in a unique position to support the sense of dizzying and intriguing complexity of cartographic representation and its historical types and forms (their very diversity is good enough reason for dizziness). This sense stands against deceptive obviousness (“we all know what a map is”), generated by equally deceptive “democratization of maps”, their pervasive presence and everyday uses. And if, as Matthey Edney says, “a map is representation of space complexity”, the very map is complex, being a strange hybrid of intelligible and empirical, theoretical and obvious, imaginary and real, what is seen and what is read, scientifical and political, actual and virtual, representation and performativе. But maybe this principal complexity of cartographic representation makes it a worthwhile object of research and fascination.
WITTGENSTEIN’S “REMARKS ON COLOUR”: FROM COLOUR LOGIC TO SOCIAL STUDIES OF COLOUR
Authors: Суровцев Валерий Александрович , Родин Кирилл Александрович 
Published: July 2020

«Заметки о цвете» Витгенштейна посвящены исследованию логики (или грамматики) цвета. В нашей статье логика цвета (цветовых понятий) рассматривается в контексте различных редукционистских проектов – когда логические отношения сводятся к объективному определению цвета (проект Джонатана Вестфаля) или универсализируются в рамках определенной экспликации (таковой может выступать цветовой октаэдр и др.). Такие способы редукции при детальном рассмотрении показывают собственную несостоятельность. В данной статье мы прочитываем «Заметки о цвете» Витгенштейна как последовательную критику редукционистских проектов в исследовании отношений между цветовыми понятиями. В первом случае (в споре с Вестфалем) придерживаемся позиции Элейн Хорнер. При рассмотрении универсалистских редукций логики цвета подробно разбираем работу Габриэлы Мрас. В завершающей части статьи пытаемся показать обусловленность (на уровне исходных предпосылок) некоторых социологических и антропологических исследований цвета универсалистской тенденцией (кратко рассматриваются работы Уильяма Риверса и исследования Берлина-Кея). Здесь нашу статью можно рассматривать в качестве дополнительного комментария к работе Мартина Куша.The main theme in Wittgenstein’s “Remarks on Colour” is the logic (or grammar) of colour. We consider the logic of colour in the context of various reductionist projects in which logical relations between colour concepts are planned to be reduced to an objective definition of colour (it is the first variant of reduction and here we will take as an example a project of Jonathan Westphal) or are planned to be universalized within the framework of a certain explication (such may be the colour octahedron, etc.) (the second variant). When examined in detail, both variants show their own insolvency. We read Wittgenstein’s remarks on colour as a consistent criticism of any reductionist projects in the study of the relationship between colour concepts. In the first case (with Westphal) we adhere to the position of Elaine Horner. When considering universalistic reductions, we look in detail at the work of Gabriela Mras. In the final part of the article, we try to show how the universalist tendency (at the level of initial premises) influences some sociological and anthropological studies of colour (we briefly consider the works of William Rivers and Berlin & Kay). And our article can be taken as an additional commentary on the work of Martin Kusch.
SPECTRAL PHILOSOPHY: DERRIDA AND DELEUZE ON TONE
Authors: Ханова Полина Андреевна 
Published: July 2020

Статья посвящена подробному рассмотрению концепта тона как аспекта философии в двух основных вариантах – как тона голоса (на материале работы Жака Деррида «О недавно возникшем апокалиптическом тоне в философии») и как тона цвета (в различных работах Жиля Делеза). Отправляясь от делезовской формулировки «философский цвет и есть концепт», в статье предлагается попытка проанализировать эти концепты в как можно более буквальном смысле, понимая тон голоса и цвета не как метафору, а как специфические аспекты философии, которые могут стать инструментом анализа философских концептов. Путеводной нитью для такого исследования становится концепт Stimmung, выступающий точкой пересечения философии и музыкальной теории. Предложенное Квентином Мейясу прочтение Делеза с использованием концепта «огибания» позволяет взглянуть на тон философии с точки зрения современной теории музыки, позволяющей работать с огибающей как визуальным представлением окраски звучания. Попытка конкретизировать концепт тона таким образом с помощью музыкальной теории, колористики и Квентина Мейясу приводит к формулированию концепта «спектрализма в философии».Continental philosophy was often being characterized (most significantly by Badiou) as having a particular relationship with language manifesting in an acute sense of and purposeful usage of style. Yet the matter of tone has rarely been addressed as something significant. One of the rare examples is Of an Apocalyptic Tone Recently Adopted in Philosophy by Jacques Derrida. Having long dismissed with the separation of “rhetorical decorations” and “conceptual content” Derrida proposes a certain tone as a defining characteristic of philosophy, capable of saving it from a crisis or killing it altogether. Another we encounter in the works of Gilles Deleuze who characterises style and even a concept itself as a “hue” or “colour” of a text (in L’abécédaire) and in relation to the notion of Stimmung (in Logic of Sense) in opposition to the language’s function of designation. The same notion – Stimmung, meaning “attunement’ or “mood’, linked to Verstimmung - “delirium” or “mis-tuning” - appears in Of an Apocalyptic Tone. Is philosophy itself a particular kind of tone or hue of a text? The answers to these questions, as I suggest, differ depending on which of the two approaches - Derrida’s “harmonic” one or Deleuzian “colouristic” one - takes to philosophical conceptual creativity. By analysing and comparing these two approaches this paper suggests a particular relation between tone (both in the sense of sound and of colour) and concept. It also suggests that a certain integration of these two approaches can be achieved through analysis of time (as rhythm and detour), as presented in Quentin Meillassoux’ Subtraction and Contraction.
Litigio en red para la defensa de derechos de la población migrante y refugiada en Colombia
Authors: PNPI Consultorio Jurídico Programa de Asistencia Legal 
Published: July 2020

La única fuente normativa en Colombia que hace referencia al reconocimiento de la condición de refugio es el Decreto 1067 de 2015. Su contenido atiende, en principio, a las disposiciones consagradas en el marco de la Convención sobre el Estatuto de los Refugiados y la Declaración de Cartagena. En este contexto, como parte del litigio en red, el Programa de Asistencia Legal a Población con Necesidad de Protección Internacional (PNPI), del que hacen parte cinco universidades del país, entre ellas la Universidad del Rosario, han encontrado que en el Decreto en mención, existe una serie de elementos que limitan el ejercicio pleno de los derechos de los solicitantes y perjudican la integralidad de las declaraciones respecto de la solicitud de reconocimiento. De ahí que se quiera impulsar la declaratoria de nulidad por inconstitucionalidad de los artículos que consideramos, ya que no atienden al fin último de los compromisos internacionales y obligaciones estatales referidas a este procedimiento.
De esta forma, el Programa de la Universidad del Rosario, mediante un proceso peda- gógico y articulado de investigación pretende consolidar los argumentos jurídicos del panorama expuesto con anterioridad, haciendo énfasis en los que se relacionan con el debido proceso administrativo. Este ejercicio, se construye en espacios de debate donde se aborda el estudio de opiniones consultivas, jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, informes temáticos de la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y observaciones emitidas respecto a la garantía del debido proceso como pilar de las actuaciones de la administración, obligación derivada de la Convención Americana, de la cual Colombia es parte.