bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome-wide Mendelian randomization study prioritising novel tissue-dependent genes for glioma susceptibility
Authors: Robinson Jamie W , Martin Richard M , Tsavachidis Spiridon , Howell Amy E , Relton Caroline L , Armstrong Georgina N , Bondy Melissa , Zheng Jie , Kurian Kathreena M 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered 27 loci associated with glioma risk. Whether these loci are causally implicated in glioma risk, and how risk differs across tissues, has yet to be systematically explored.We integrated multi-tissue expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and glioma GWAS data using a combined Mendelian randomisation (MR) and colocalisation approach. We investigated how genetically predicted gene expression affects risk across tissue type (brain, estimated effective n=1,194 and whole blood, n=31,684) and glioma subtype (all glioma (7,400 cases, 8,257 controls) glioblastoma (GBM, 3,112 cases) and non-GBM gliomas (2,411 cases)). We also leveraged tissuespecific eQTLs collected from 13 brain tissues (n=114 to 209).The MR and colocalisation results suggested that genetically predicted increased gene expression of 12 genes were associated with glioma, GBM and/or non-GBM risk, three of which are novel glioma susceptibility genes (RETREG2/FAM134A, FAM178BandMVB12B/FAM125B). The effect of gene expression appears to be relatively consistent across glioma subtype diagnoses. Examining how risk differed across 13 brain tissues highlighted five candidate tissues (cerebellum, cortex, and the putamen, nucleus accumbens and caudate basal ganglia) and four previously implicated genes (JAK1, STMN3, PICK1andEGFR).These analyses identified robust causal evidence for 12 genes and glioma risk, three of which are novel. The correlation of MR estimates in brain and blood are consistently low which suggested that tissue specificity needs to be carefully considered for glioma. Our results have implicated genes yet to be associated with glioma susceptibility and provided insight into putatively causal pathways for glioma risk.
Sequel movie revenue prediction model based on sentiment analysis
Authors: Ahmad Ibrahim Said , Abu Bakar Azuraliza , Yaakub Mohd Ridzwan , Darwich Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

PurposeSequel movies are very popular; however, there are limited studies on sequel movie revenue prediction. The purpose of this paper is to propose a sentiment analysis based model for sequel movie revenue prediction and to propose a missing value imputation method for the sequel revenue prediction dataset.Design/methodology/approachA sequel of a successful movie will most likely also be successful. Therefore, we propose a supervised learning approach in which data are created from sequel movies to predict the box-office revenue of an upcoming sequel. The algorithms used in the prediction are multiple linear regression, support vector machine and multilayer perceptron neural network.FindingsThe results show that using four sequel movies in a franchise to predict the box-office revenue of a fifth sequel achieved better prediction than using three sequels, which was also better than using two sequel movies.Research limitations/implicationsThe model produced will be beneficial to movie producers and other stakeholders in the movie industry in deciding the viability of producing a movie sequel.Originality/valuePrevious studies do not give priority to sequel movies in movie revenue prediction. Additionally, a new missing value imputation method was introduced. Finally, sequel movie revenue prediction dataset was prepared.
Divestiture strategy, CEO power and firm performance
Authors: Brahmana Rayenda Khresna , You Hui-Wei , Yong Xhin-Rong 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine the moderating role of chief executive officer (CEO) power on the relationship between divestiture strategy and firm performance by framing the relationship under the agency and power circulation theories.Design/methodology/approachThis study focuses on a sample of 319 non-financial public-listed companies in Malaysia from the year 2012–2016 and estimates the model under two-step generalized method of moments panel regression to eliminate the endogeneity issue.FindingsThe results show that divestiture strategy decreased the firm performance. Meanwhile, greater CEO power changed that divestiture effect but still failed to increase the performance. This study also indicates the CEO power strengthens the relationship between firm performance and divestiture.Research limitations/implicationsThe overall findings show that the positive moderating role of CEO power on the relationship between divestiture and performance. This research confirmed the agency and power circulation theories by showing that CEO power can make divestiture strategy works. However, the moderating plot tells different. CEO power may strengthen the relationship between divestiture and performance; it fails to boost up the performance in overall. Therefore, this study is about CEO power on the strategic decision and gives a good implication for corporate governance concerning the impact of CEO power on the organization’s alignment process.Originality/valueThis study examines the effect of CEO power on the performance of divestiture strategy implementation by contesting the agency and power circulation theories within an emerging country context.
Why does perceive safety endure in crime hotspots? Case of Delhi
Authors: Nakamura Hiroki , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Using a case study from Delhi, India, this study aims to investigate why perceived safety endures despite crimes in the neighborhood. Local residents in Delhi feel considerably less fearful of crime in their neighborhoods, and a majority reported feeling safe in their neighborhoods, especially during the daytime.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper hypothesized that similar to the crime itself, perceptions of safety or the fear of crime, also tend to be concentrated in hotspots. Following a hotspot analysis based on the respondents’ perceptions of safety, the data gathered were applied to the perceived neighborhood structure. Using two perception-of-safety models, this paper could analyze the ripple effect of individual perception on the neighborhood by adding the calculated values of the perceived safety hotspot through hotspot analysis.

Findings
The results indicated that income, trust in others, attachment to the local neighborhood and police access can increase residents’ perceptions of safety. Additionally, the neighborhoods’ perception of safety was found to positively impact the individual’s perception of safety.

Research limitations/implications
This study was limited in terms of generalizing the findings. Further studies could potentially include not only other cities in India but also, cities in developing countries in Africa and Latin America, where residents tend not to fear crime despite high crime rates.

Practical implications
Residents’ perceived safety does not necessarily reflect local crimes and security. Local policies to improve residents’ perceptions of safety have to often be separated from crime reduction because a reduction in some crimes would not necessarily improve residents’ perception of safety. Contrarily, if the crime rate is high, as in the case of Delhi, people may have a moderate fear of crime across the neighborhood.

Originality/value
Notably, this study found that, along with trust in others and attachment to the local neighborhood, individuals’ perception of safety is positively affected by neighborhoods’ perception of safety, which is assessed by the alternate analytic model.
Effects of sourdough on improving the textural characteristics of microwave‐steamed cake: A perspective from dielectric properties and water distribution
Authors: Wu Yejun , Yan Bowen , Zhou Juan , Lian Huizhang , Yu Xiaojun , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei , Fan Daming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA sourdough combined with microwave heating method was adopted to make steamed cake (SSC), the dough yield, fermentation time and additive amount of sourdough were optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to obtain microwave‐steamed cake (MSSC) with high‐quality attributes and then the potential mechanism of sourdough on the improvement of the MSSC texture was investigated. The addition of sourdough with the optimized parameters could greatly improve the specific volume, porosity, hardness, and chewiness of MSSC, which was mainly related to changes in dielectric properties and water distribution. The results of dielectric properties confirmed that sourdough increased the dielectric properties of the system during microwave heating, affecting the microwave heating characteristics. And the changes of water states and distribution by T2 relaxation analysis showed that sourdough restricted water mobility during heating and facilitated the retention of water trapped in MSSC. Additionally, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that sourdough weakened the gluten network structure, and triggered a looser and smoother microstructure.Practical ApplicationSteamed cake (SSC) is one of the most popular fermented foods in China, while its commercial development is greatly limited by the drawbacks of traditional steam heating. In recent years, the applications of microwave heating and sourdough in cereal‐based foods processing have gained more and more interest. However, there is little information about the application of sourdough combined with microwave heating in SSC production. This study revealed that sourdough addition increased the specific volume, porosity, texture, and consumer preference of MSSC, providing a natural, high‐efficiency, and easy‐to‐operate means for the fabrication of high‐quality fermented foods.
Adjuvant radiotherapy for endometrial cancer with cervical stromal involvement: A patterns of practice survey in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Lapuz Carminia , Govindarajulu Geetha , Tacey Mark , Lim Adeline , Johnson Carol 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study is to describe the patterns of practice in Australia and New Zealand for post‐operative radiotherapy in endometrial cancer with cervical stromal involvement.MethodsA ten‐item survey including five clinical case scenarios in endometrial cancer with cervical stromal invasion was emailed to Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) radiation oncologists in 2018. Responses were analysed to determine relative frequency distributions and preferred adjuvant treatment modalities for the clinical case scenarios.ResultsA total of 65 respondents initiated the survey with 27 respondents treating more than 11 endometrial cancer cases annually. Only 31 respondents answered all five clinical case scenarios. Preferred adjuvant radiotherapy modalities varied for the Stage II cases between vault brachytherapy (VB), pelvic external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or a combination. For the stage IIIA and IIIC1 cases, the majority recommended pelvic EBRT with or without VB boost (79% and 77%), and of these, most combined with chemotherapy (61% and 88%). For 4 of the 5 case scenarios, when pelvic EBRT was offered, most recommended a VB boost.ConclusionThis patterns of practice survey suggests variability in adjuvant radiotherapy recommendations in endometrial cancer with cervical involvement, particularly in cases where there is lack of randomised data and discrepancies in consensus guidelines.
Why do general practitioners disregard direct to healthcare professional communication? A user‐oriented evaluation to improve drug safety communication
Authors: Møllebæk Mathias , Kaae Susanne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPost‐approval drug risks are a significant public health problem. A central instrument to mitigate them in the European Union is direct to healthcare professional communications (DHPC), typically a letter sent from the manufacturer to prescribers. However, evaluations show that DHPCs have limited impact on prescribing behavior. Which factors influence prescribers’ lack of adoption of DHPCs remains unknown. This article presents a think‐aloud reading study of 17 Danish general practitioners’ reading aloud a 2013 DHPC about new oral anticoagulants, interjecting their immediate reactions and associations to daily clinical routines concurrently. We found that interviewees inferred more from the DHPC than risk information. It was perceived to be commercially biased, which generally discouraged reading despite learning new safety information. DHPCs were also disregarded because they are isolated from routinely used clinical information sources. Furthermore, DHPCs were perceived as pre‐emptive acts of legal defence aiming to relocate responsibility from the manufacturer onto prescribers. In conclusion, the study indicates that certain DHPCs may be disregarded because of the perceived motivations that prescribers attribute to the DHPC senders. While the specific letter itself was deemed unsatisfactory, its legitimacy among prescribers remains the central challenge. Further integration with trusted and established information structures is also needed.
Endocytosis in plants: Peculiarities and roles in the regulated trafficking of plant metal transporters
Authors: Ivanov Rumen , Vert Grégory 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe removal of transmembrane proteins from the plasma membrane via endocytosis has emerged as powerful strategy in the regulation of receptor signalling and molecule transport. In the last decade, IRON‐REGULATED TRANSPORTER1 (IRT1) has been established as one of the key plant model proteins for studying endomembrane trafficking. The use of IRT1 and additional other metal transporters has uncovered novel factors involved in plant endocytosis and facilitated a better understanding of the role of endocytosis in the fine balancing of plant metal homoeostasis. In this review, we outline the specifics of plant endocytosis compared to what is known in yeast and mammals, and based on several examples, we demonstrate how studying metal transport has contributed to extending our knowledge of endocytic trafficking by shedding light on novel regulatory mechanisms and factors.
Translating Socioeconomic Status Between Nonhuman Primate and Human Studies in Health Research
Authors: King Rosalind B. , Paukner Annika 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEvidence supports the proposition that early childhood adversity has long‐term health implications. Experimental research on the effectiveness of social policy interventions provides the gold standard of evidence but is difficult to obtain using humans. Animal models may play a role in generating a mechanistic evidence base, but researchers need appropriate models of socioeconomic status (SES). In this article, we discuss theoretical considerations for the development of appropriate animal models of SES to study its effect on health and development, emphasizing the literature on nonhuman primates. Focusing on the potential for translation between animal and human models, we define SES conceptually and outline its links to health. We then note demonstrated areas of equivalence and potential limits. We conclude with questions whose answers could help move the field forward.
Patients' productivity losses and informal care costs related to ischemic stroke: a French population‐based study
Authors: Barral M. , Rabier H. , Termoz A. , Serrier H. , Colin C. , Haesebaert J. , Derex L. , Nighoghossian N. , Schott A.‐M. , Viprey M. ,   the Stroke69 Study Group
Published: October 2020

Background and purposeLarge societal costs of stroke should not be ignored. We aimed to estimate patients' productivity losses and informal care costs during the first year after ischemic stroke.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was performed within the STROKE69 regional population‐based cohort study. At 1 year post‐stroke, each patient and the corresponding main informal caregiver received questionnaires followed by a telephone interview if necessary. Time losses were valued using the human capital approach and proxy good method for patients with and without a professional activity, respectively.ResultsAmong the 222 patients with ischemic stroke (58% men; mean age 68 years; and 86% with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of <3 at 3 months), 54%, 32%, and 25% received informal, formal, and both cares, respectively. Among the 108 main informal caregivers, 63% were women, 74% lived with the patient, and 57% were retired or unemployed. The mean cost of productivity losses was estimated at €7589 ± €12 305 per patient in the first post‐stroke year with 5.4%, 71.2%, and 23.4% of these being attributed to presenteeism, absenteeism, and leisure time, respectively. Informal care was given at an average of 25 h/week. The annual mean estimated total cost of informal care was €10 635 per caregiver.ConclusionsInformal care and productivity losses of patients with ischemic stroke during the first post‐stroke year represent a significant economic burden for society comparable to direct costs. These costs should be included in economic evaluations with the adoption of a societal perspective to avoid underestimating the societal stroke economic burden.
Transnational mobility networks and academic social capital among early‐career academics: beyond common‐sense assumptions
Authors: Schaer Martine , Jacot Cédric , Dahinden Janine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcademic mobility is increasingly presented as indispensable for a successful academic career. This imperative is rooted in the assumption that mobility contributes to academic excellence because it allows academics to build transnational academic networks. Based on biographical interviews and an analysis of the mobility networks of early‐career academics at three universities (Zurich, Cambridge, and UCLA), we examine the composition of these academics’ networks at different times and discuss the role of transnational ties within them. We find that increased mobility does indeed result in more transnational networks, but it does not increase academic social capital. The additional transnational ties mainly consist of transnational kinship and friendship relations. Furthermore, the mobility of early‐career academics triggers various forms of mobility among their family members. Finally, early‐career academics can build transnational academic ties without necessarily becoming mobile themselves, thanks to the mobility of higher‐ranked academics.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1: a potential etiological role in livedoid vasculopathy
Authors: Gao Yimeng , Jin Hongzhong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLivedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a chronic, recurrent skin disorder with unknown aetiology and pathogenesis that seriously affects the quality of life of people who suffer from it. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)‐1 is a primary inhibitory component of the endogenous fibrinolytic system in blood coagulation. PAI‐1 also plays a role in many other physiological processes and activities, including thrombosis, fibrosis, wound healing, angiogenesis, inflammation, cell migration, and adhesion. Enhanced expression and genotype polymorphism of PAI‐1 have been observed in LV patients. In this review, we summarise the known functions of PAI‐1 with emphasis on the roles that PAI‐1 probably plays in the pathogenesis of LV, thereby illustrating that PAI‐1 represents a potential LV biomarker and therapeutic target for treating LV.
The impact of emotional development in people with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual developmental disability
Authors: Sappok T. , Heinrich M. , Böhm J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual developmental disabilities (IDDs) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are developmental conditions, which may also be associated with impairments in emotional development (ED). ED can be assessed using the Scale of Emotional Development – Short (SED‐S), a five‐stage model consisting of eight domains, which allows to study the relationship between ASD and ED in people with IDD.MethodsIn this retrospective study, the level of ED was compared in 327 adults with IDD with [n = 83; mean age 38.3 years; level of IDD: mild (6), moderate (21), severe (45) and profound (11)] and without [n = 244, mean age 36.9 years; level of IDD: mild (67), moderate (73), severe (68) and profound (36)] ASD. The discriminative ability of the SED‐S was determined by a regression in a training and a validation sample.ResultsThe level of ED correlated with the severity of IDD (rs = −.654) and the presence of ASD (rs = −.316). People with additional ASD showed lower levels of ED compared with those with IDD only (mean reference ages 7–18 vs 19–36 months). The developmental profiles were equally balanced in ASD and IDD‐only. A regression analysis revealed three domains (‘Relating‐to‐Peers’, ‘Differentiating‐Emotions’, and ‘Regulating‐Affect’) to be useful for ASD assignment (AUC > 0.70, sensitivity 0.76–0.80, specificity 0.62–0.63).ConclusionsIn people with IDD, additional ASD was associated with delays in ED, which may be considered in diagnostics, treatment and care.
Serum level of interleukin‐22 in patients with cutaneous warts: A case‐control study
Authors: Marie Radwa El‐Sayed Mahmoud , Abuzeid Aya Qamar Eldawla Mahmoud , Attia Fadia M. , Anani Maha Mohamed , Gomaa Amal H. A. , Atef Lina M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWarts are viral cutaneous infections caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), presented by verrucous growth over the skin surface. The immune response is considered to play a crucial role in HPV clearance. It depends on intact cellular immunity including natural killer (NK) cell and cytotoxic T cells. It has been clarified that T‐helper (Th) 1 cytokines (interleukin (IL)‐2, interferon‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor‐a) and IL‐17 are involved in HPV clearance. IL‐22 is one of IL‐10 family of cytokines produced by NK cells, Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells. In the skin, IL‐22 reduces keratinocyte cornification and enhances keratinocyte production of antimicrobial peptides. IL‐22 overexpression has been demonstrated in various viral infections and skin inflammatory disorders.AimThe aim of this study was to assess serum levels of IL‐22 in patients with warts and its association with their different clinical characteristics.MethodsThe study included 20 patients with warts and 20 control subjects. Serum concentration of IL‐22 was measured by enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay.ResultsSerum levels of IL‐22 were significantly higher in patients with warts than in control subjects (P < .001). The levels were significantly higher in patients with recurrent warts after prior treatment than in patients with first‐time warts (P = .007). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was detected between serum levels of IL‐22 and the number of warts (P = .017).ConclusionSerum level of IL‐22 was elevated in patients with warts. Thus, IL‐22 may have a crucial role in the antiviral immune response against this infection.
Politics by Other Means in South Africa Today
Authors: BRETT PETER 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRick Abel's classic Politics by Other Means (1995) used South Africa to argue for law's ‘potential nobility’, but it did so avoiding a heroic mode characteristic of much anti‐apartheid writing. Abel showed how law could, with strenuous exertion, be turned into a defensive shield for the oppressed. As a sword, however, it was ‘two‐edged’. It allowed the powerful to frustrate or overturn hard‐won symbolic victories. Recently, the heroic mode has returned to South Africa. The Constitutional Court, in particular, is lauded for having combated ‘state capture’ under deposed President Jacob Zuma. A closer examination of this period, however, does much to vindicate Abel's earlier scepticism about law's offensive value. The spectacular deployment of law to fight politicians’ crimes has exposed the judiciary to unexpected political threats. Meanwhile, civil society's efforts to entrust judges with administrative duties shirked by the government has inevitably entailed the sacrifice of some rule of law values.