bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use illumina sequencing technique in studying rumen bacteria diversity of Bali cattle given a feed comprised of elephant grass and rice straw
Authors: Munir  , Ako A , Syahrir S , Natsir A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The diversity of rumen bacteria in ruminant animals is highly determined by various factors, including the age and the breed of the animal as well as the feed consumed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diversity of rumen bacteria of Bali cattle due to the provision of ration consisted of rice straw and elephant grass as a basal diet. Three adult Bali cattle were given a ration consisted of rice straw and elephant grass ad libitum for four weeks before taking the rumen fluid samples. In addition to the basal diet, each animal was also given a concentrate at the rate of 0.5% of the body weight. Rumen fluid samples were analyzed for pH, NH3 and VFA, while the diversity of the rumen bacteria was determined by the Illumina Sequencing technique. The results of the study showed that rumen conditions of the animal were ideal for the growth of the rumen bacteria, indicated by the value of rumen pH, NH3, and VFA of 6.8, 156.7 mg/L, and 114.3 mmol/L, respectively. Furthermore, based on SILVA taxonomy, two dominant phyla, i.e., Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, were successfully identified in this study. At the genera level, the most dominant group identified was Prevotella 1, followed by the Christencenellaceae R-7 group. The analysis also showed the existence of an uncultured rumen bacterium with a percentage of 6.98%. In conclusion, the feed provided for the animal was good enough to support the growth of rumen bacteria and the Illumina sequencing technique used in this particular study was able to identify the existence of dominant rumen bacteria as well as the uncultured rumen bacterial of Bali cattle under such feeding conditions.
Influence of different vermicompost levels on growth, yield and quality of forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench )
Authors: Nohong B , Rinduwati  , Yusuf M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vermicompost fertilizer level on growth, dry matter yield and quality of sorghum (Sorghum
bicolor (L.) Moench)). This study was arranged using a split-plot in time trial design with the main plot of each main harvest and the level of application of vermicompost fertilizer as subplots. The vermicompost fertilizer were : P0= 0 kg vermicompost/ha (0 kg N/ha, 0 kg P2O5/ha, 0 kg K2O/ha); P1 = 5.000 kg vermicompost/ha (30.5 kg N/ha, 11 kg P2O5/ha, 41 kg K2O/ha); P2 =10.000 kg vermicompost/ha (61 kg N/ha, 22 kg P2O5/ha, 82 kg K2O/ha); P3= 15.000 kg vermicompost/ha (91.50 kg N/ha, 33 kg P2O5/ha, 123 kg K2O/ha), respectively. The variables in this study included the plant height, dry matter yield, crude protein, crude fiber, NDF and ADF. The results showed that if the vermicompost fertilizer dosage was increased the plant height, dry matter yield and crude protein would increase, but did not affect the crude fiber, NDF and ADF. Regrowth (ratoon) influences plant height and dry matter yield, while crude protein and crude fiber and ADF do not affect. It can be concluded that applying vermicompost fertilizer significantly increased growth, dry matter yield and significantly affected crude protein, while regrowth resulted in lower growth and dry matter yield.
Effectivenes of Lactobacillus plantarum 1UHCC bacteria in partial hydrolysis of goat bone in producing gelatin
Authors: Hasma  , Abustam E , Malaka R , Said M I , Nahariah N , Laga A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGelatin was obtained from the bones of goats that are hydrolyzed in several stages. In the initial stage, immersion is carried out using an acid solution so that the goat’s bones can be partially hydrolyzed and the connective tissue of the bone becomes loose so that the gelatin can be easily extracted. Partial hodrolysis in goat bones using chemical acids has been widely used but very few utilize biological acids produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria (BAL), specificallyLactobacillus plantarum. Therefore, it is necessary to grow lactic acid bacteria in maintenance media to produce lactic acid as a preservative in the bones. This study aimed to obtain preliminary information to determine the ability ofL. Plantarum1UHCC to degrade goat bone protein soaked in MRSB media. The indicators measured were lactic acid, pH, total bacteria, and total dissolved protein with different soaking times. This was conducted according to a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatment duration of fermentation (24, 48 and 72 h, repectively) and three replications. The results showed that there was a significant effect (P<0.01) of the fermentation time on lactic acid, pH, total bacteria, dissolved protein value. Lactic acid concentration at 24 h fermentation time was 0.954±0.001% and this values was decreased to 0.821±0.092% after fermented for 48 h, but showed a significant increase at 72 h (0.942±0.002%). The pH value at 24-hour incubation were 5.413±0.015 then increased to 6.600±0.044 at 48 h of incubation; and decreased to at 72 h 6.303±0.266 at 72 h. Total bacterial values showed an increase in fermentation time of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h respectively were 8.248±0.196; 9.475±0.274 ; 9666±0.236 (log10CFU/mL). The value of dissolved protein showed an increase of 31.170±0.120 mg/mL; 31.183±0.101 mg/mL; 32.707 ±0.115mg/mL. This study indicated that 72 h fermentation time showed better quality of partial hydrolysis in goat bones.
Characteristics of duck farmers moving from Pinrang regency to Sidrap regency, Indonesia
Authors: Hastang  , Sirajuddin S N , Asnawi A , Kadir S , Mahyuddin  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the characteristics of duck farmers who move from Pinrang regency to Sidrap regency. This study was conducted from January to March 2017 in Pinrang regency and Sidrap regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study population was all the farmers who maintained post-harvest ducks, a totally 412 breeders. The population in this study was all duck farmers. The number of samples used in this study was 80 respondents. The data used is quantitative which the data in the form of numbers or figures related to the current study. The data was primary and secondary data, both of them were quantitative and qualitative. Data analysis was frequency distribution. The results showed that the characteristics of duck breeders moving from Pinrang to Sidrap, i.e. more men than women, productive age, the education level of respondents was elementary school or even uneducated, the general experience of farmers was 9–12 year.
Level of competitiveness of cattle fattening business in Gowa Regency
Authors: Nurlaelah S , Hastang  , Insani A N , Hasrin  , Magfirah N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aims to determine the level of competitiveness of beef cattle fattening business in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted in March 2018. Sources of data from primary data and secondary data. Analyis data with PAM(Policy Analysis Matrix). The results showed that the cattle fattening business in Gowa Regency had a competitiveness at South Sulawesi Province and provides benefits in its management and with government support
Effect of intrinsic factors on farmers’ willingness to pay on the success of artificial insemination of Bali cattle
Authors: Ningsi R , Asnawi A , Abdullah A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Willingness to pay (WTP) or willingness to pay is the willingness of individuals to issue rewards for services they obtain. WTP analysis is used to find out how far each farmer is willing to pay or spend money in the context of compensation for inseminator services according to the desired conditions. Usually, inseminators receive operational costs from farmers, but in an unspecified or voluntary amount. This study aims to determine the amount of breeders PAP value on Artificial Insemination (AI) of Bali cattle and examine what factors influence the PAP of farmers. This research was conducted in Libureng district, Bone regency. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that Factor age, length of education, knowledge about IB, have a significant effect on the WTP of farmers.
Farmer performance in beef cattle production Intibona Village, Indonesia
Authors: Amrawaty A A , Hastang  , Sumarni  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aims to understand the performance of breeders in beef cattle farming in the Tibona Village, Bulukumpa District, Bulukumba Regency. This research was conducted between May and July 2019. The samples for this study was drawn based on purposive sampling method. This research located in the most populated beef cattle in Bulukumba Regency which has the largest number of beef cattle populations, 2252. The population in this study were beef cattle breeders in Tibona Village, Bulukumpa district, Bulukumba Regency as many as 350 populations. There are seven hamlets in Tibona Village, each of which has two farmers/livestock groups while each group consist of 25 farmers. The research used descriptive analysis. The results of this study regarding the Performance of Farmers in Beef Cattle business in Tibona Village, Bulukumpa sub-district, District of Bulukumba, showed that overall, the performance of breeders in Tibona Village included in the category of good performance.
You’re From … Where, Again? A Critical Assessment of Institutional Diversity in the Society for Epidemiologic Research
Authors: Bovbjerg Marit L , Misra Dawn , Snowden Jonathan M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Society for Epidemiologic Research (SER) has recently taken laudable steps toward increasing diversity, equity, and inclusion within the society, including participation in the annual meeting. In this essay, we argue that there is one critical piece of the diversity and inclusion equation that is, however, overlooked: institution. At the 2019 Annual Meeting, a mere 8 institutions accounted for a disproportionate number of both oral concurrent sessions and symposium speakers. This lack of institutional diversity, unless addressed, will hinder SER’s ability to address other aspects of diversity, equity, and inclusion.
Methodological Issues in Population-Based Studies of Multigenerational Associations
Authors: McGee Glen , Perkins Neil J , Mumford Sunni L , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna , Weisskopf Marc G , Schildcrout Jonathan S , Coull Brent A , Schisterman Enrique F , Haneuse Sebastien 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Laboratory-based animal research has revealed a number of exposures with multigenerational effects—ones that affect the children and grandchildren of those directly exposed. An important task for epidemiology is to investigate these relationships in human populations. Without the relative control achieved in laboratory settings, however, population-based studies of multigenerational associations have had to use a broader range of study designs. Current strategies to obtain multigenerational data include exploiting birth registries and existing cohort studies, ascertaining exposures within them, and measuring outcomes across multiple generations. In this paper, we describe the methodological challenges inherent to multigenerational studies in human populations. After outlining standard taxonomy to facilitate discussion of study designs and target exposure associations, we highlight the methodological issues, focusing on the interplay between study design, analysis strategy, and the fact that outcomes may be related to family size. In a simulation study, we show that different multigenerational designs lead to estimates of different exposure associations with distinct scientific interpretations. Nevertheless, target associations can be recovered by incorporating (possibly) auxiliary information, and we provide insights into choosing an appropriate target association. Finally, we identify areas requiring further methodological development.
COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Hosts: What We Know So Far
Authors: Fung Monica , Babik Jennifer M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused significant morbidity and mortality for patients and stressed healthcare systems worldwide. The clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 among immunosuppressed patients, who are at presumed risk of more severe disease but who may also have decreased detrimental inflammatory responses, are not well characterized. We review the existing literature on COVID-19 among immunocompromised populations ranging from patients with cancer and solid-organ transplant recipients to patients with HIV and those receiving immunomodulatory therapy for autoimmune disease. Patients with malignancy and solid-organ transplant recipients may be at increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease and death, whereas for those with other types of immunocompromise, current evidence is less clear. Overall, further prospective controlled studies are needed to determine the attributable risk of immunocompromising conditions and therapies on COVID-19 disease prognosis.
Infections in Patients Colonized With Extended-spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vock Isabelle , Aguilar-Bultet Lisandra , Egli Adrian , Tamma Pranita D , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We investigated relative proportions of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) versus non-ESBL-PE (nESBL-PE) infections in ESBL-PE colonized patients. ESBL-PE are not causative for the majority of infections in hospitalized patients colonized with ESBL-PE. Site of infection and patient-level exposures may be useful predictors of nESBL-PE infections, potentially guiding empiric treatment recommendations.
Three-dimensional crustal Vp and Vs structures beneath the southern segment of the Tan-Lu fault revealed by active source and earthquake data
Authors: Zhang Yunpeng , Wang Baoshan , Xu Tao , Yang Wei , Wang Weitao , Xu Yihe , Li Lu 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARY
The 2400-km-long Tan-Lu fault, the largest deformation zone in eastern China, plays a decisive role in the seismicity, regional tectonics and mineral deposits distributions. However, the velocity structure beneath the Tan-Lu fault, particularly in the southern segment, is poorly imaged due to the lack of local earthquakes. To obtain a high-resolution crustal structure image, we carried out an active source experiment by firing mobile airgun sources along the Yangtze River in the Anhui Province in October 2015. We manually picked 4118 P wave and 1906 Swave first arrival times from the airgun signals. We also collected 28 957 P wave and 26 257 S wave first arrival times from local earthquakes in a larger area. 3-D crustal velocity images beneath the southern segment of the Tan-Lu fault and surrounding areas are studied using traveltime tomography. Compared with the local earthquake data, the active source data provide better constraints on the upper crustal structure, which further refines the resolution of the lower-crust structure. The Vp and Vs crustal structures are consistent with the local geological settings, and earthquakes are primarily clustered near faults and are spatially correlated with low-velocity zones. Strong velocity contrasts are observed across the Tan-Lu fault zone, which is the main factor controlling local anomalies. The high Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs beneath the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt and the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt may relate to Mesozoic lithospheric delamination and asthenospheric upwelling. These results also demonstrate that the mobile large-volume airgun sources are promising tools for 3-D crustal structure surveys.
Periodic Points and Topological Restriction Homology
Authors: Malkiewich Cary , Ponto Kate 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We answer in the affirmative two conjectures made by Klein and Williams. First, in a range of dimensions, the equivariant Reidemeister trace defines a complete obstruction to removing $n$-periodic points from a self-map $f$. Second, this obstruction defines a class in topological restriction homology. We prove these results using duality and trace for bicategories. This allows for immediate generalizations, including a corresponding theorem for the fiberwise Reidemeister trace.
Friends, Fellows, and Foes: A New Framework for Studying Relational Peace
Authors: Söderström Johanna , Åkebo Malin , Jarstad Anna K 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, we suggest that taking a relational view of peace seriously is a fruitful avenue for expanding current theoretical frameworks surrounding peace as a concept. Paving the way for such an approach, this article conducts a review of the literature that takes on peace as a relational concept. We then return to how a relationship is conceptualized, before turning to how such components would be further defined in order to specify relational peace. Based on this framework, we argue that a peaceful relationship entails deliberation, non-domination, and cooperation between the actors in the dyad; the actors involved recognize and trust each other and believe that the relationship is either one between legitimate fellows or one between friends. The article clarifies the methodological implications of studying peace in this manner. It also demonstrates some of the advantages of this approach, as it shows how peace and war can coexist in webs of multiple interactions, and the importance of studying relations, and how actors understand these relationships, as a way of studying varieties of peace.
A logistic model for age-specific COVID-19 case-fatality rates
Authors: Gao Xiang , Dong Qunfeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To develop a mathematical model to characterize age-specific case-fatality rates (CFR) of COVID-19. Based on 2 large-scale Chinese and Italian CFR data, a logistic model was derived to provide quantitative insight on the dynamics between CFR and age. We inferred that CFR increased faster in Italy than in China, as well as in females over males. In addition, while CFR increased with age, the rate of growth eventually slowed down, with a predicted theoretical upper limit for males (32%), females (21%), and the general population (23%). Our logistic model provided quantitative insight on the dynamics of CFR.
Determination of Lactose in Lactose-Free and Low-Lactose Milk, Milk Products, and Products Containing Dairy Ingredients by the LactoSens®R Amperometry Method: First Action 2020.01
Authors: Halbmayr-Jech Elisabeth , Kittl Roman , Weinmann Patrick , Schulz Christopher , Kowalik Anna , Sygmund Christoph , Brunelle Sharon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Strategic Food Analytical Methods approved Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR®) 2018.009 for lactose in low-lactose or lactose-free milk, milk products, and products containing dairy ingredients. The LactoSens®R Method is a biosensor assay kit developed for the determination of lactose in a variety of lactose-free or low-lactose milk, dairy, and infant formula products produced with yeast-neutral lactases.

Objective
In response to a call for methods, the LactoSensR method was validated in a single laboratory study with comparison to SMPR 2018.009.

Method
The LactoSensR method was evaluated for calibration, interference, repeatability, recovery, and robustness. In a method comparison study samples naturally containing low levels of lactose were evaluated using LactoSensR and an accredited high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.

Results
Calibration with lactose standard solutions was shown to be linear and the method was shown to be free of interference from a variety of sugars, vitamins, alcohols, flavorings, and other compounds. Matrix studies, including 85 spiked materials, 55 products naturally containing lactose, and 13 reference materials, resulted in RSDr of 0–10.5% at 8–100 mg lactose/100 g and 0.2–5.4% at &gt;100 mg lactose/100 g for milk and dairy products and 1.0–6.8% for infant formula, in compliance with SMPR 2018.009 with few exceptions. Recovery was 85.0–110.3% at 8–100 mg lactose/100 g and 85.6–109.7% at &gt;100 mg lactose/100 g for milk and dairy products and 91.1–97.0% for infant formula, also meeting the performance requirements with few exceptions. The method was shown to be robust to changes in ambient temperature, sample temperature, and sample volume.

Conclusions
The LactoSensR method compares favorably with the requirements of SMPR 2018.009 and should be adopted as a First Action AOAC Official MethodSM.

Highlights
The LactoSensR method is a fast, easy-to-use method that meets the requirements of SMPR 2018.009.
Role of Apis cerana cerana N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase (AccNtan1) in oxidative stress
Authors: Zhao Guangdong , Wang Chen , Wang Ying , Wang Lijun , Xu Baohua , Guo Xingqi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractN-Terminal asparagine amidohydrolase is a component of the ubiquitin-dependent N-end rule pathway of protein degradation that has been implicated in a variety of physiological functions, including the sensing of heme, oxygen, nitric oxide, selective elimination of misfolded proteins and the repair of DNA. We identified the Apis cerana cerana N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase (AccNtan1) gene from A. cerana cerana and investigated its role in oxidation resistance. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed that N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase is highly conserved in insect species. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the expression levels of AccNtan1 were significantly lower in the wing, honey sac and abdomen than in other tissues and were significantly higher in early stages of development, including the larva, prepupa and pink-eyed pupa stages, than in later stages. We further observed that AccNtan1 expression was induced by several environmental stressors, including aberrant temperature, H2O2, UV, heavy metals and pesticides. Moreover, a bacteriostatic assay suggested that overexpression of AccNtan1 enhances the resistance of bacteria to oxidative stress. In addition, knockdown of AccNtan1 using RNA interference significantly affected the expression levels of most antioxidant genes and the activity levels of several antioxidant enzymes. Thus, we hypothesize that AccNtan1 plays important roles in environmental stress responses and antioxidative processes.