Abstract 1433: Role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 in the regulation of PTEN and MDM2 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Knudsen Lars M. , Sveen Anita , Andreassen Christer A. , Bergsland Christian H. , Eilertsen Ina A. , Rasmussen Nikoline L. , Totland Max Z. , Eide Peter W. , Bruun Jarle , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Leithe Edward 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: NEDD4 (neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 4), a member of the HECT (homologous to E6AP C-terminus) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, has been shown to be an important regulator of multiple proteins involved in cancer development, including the tumor suppressor PTEN and the proto-oncogene MDM2. Furthermore, NEDD4 has been shown to be overexpressed and act as an oncogene in multiple cancer types. We have previously shown that NEDD4 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and that it can promote growth of colon cancer cells independently of PTEN and PI3K/AKT signaling. In the present study, we investigated the role of NEDD4 in regulating the PTEN/PI3K pathway and the MDM2/p53 axis in CRC.
Materials and Methods: The CRISPR/Cas9 system was applied to generate a Caco2 NEDD4 knockout cell line, and NEDD4 knockdown was performed in LS174T and SW480 cells. Gene expression profiles of 412 primary CRCs, 51 normal mucosa samples, 38 CRC cell lines, as well as the Caco2 parental and NEDD4 knockout cell lines, were generated using exon-resolution Affymetrix Human Exon Arrays or Human Transcriptome Arrays. The NEDD4 expression level was correlated with the mutation status of KRAS, PTEN, TP53, PIK3CA, BRAF and NRAS. Western blotting was used to detect and quantify NEDD4, PTEN and MDM2 protein levels.
Results and Discussions: Gene expression analysis of the patient material confirmed our previous study that NEDD4 is significantly upregulated in CRC as compared to normal colonic mucosa. There was no correlation between NEDD4 expression and mutations in KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, PTEN, PIK3CA and TP53. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NEDD4 knockout in Caco2 cells resulted in a reduction (P &lt;0.01) in both the PTEN and MDM2 protein levels as compared to control cells. Gene set analysis showed that PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling was upregulated in the NEDD4 knockout cells as compared to control cells. siRNA-mediated depletion of NEDD4 in LS174T cells was associated with reduced levels of MDM2, but did not affect the PTEN protein level. In SW480 cells, depletion of NEDD4 affected neither the MDM2 nor the PTEN protein level. By analyzing the expression of NEDD4, PTEN and MDM2 in 38 CRC cell lines by Western blotting, a positive correlation (P&lt;0.01) was observed between NEDD4 and PTEN protein, while there was no significant correlation between NEDD4 and MDM2.
Conclusion: The data show that NEDD4 is significantly upregulated in CRC, and that NEDD4 expression correlates with PTEN expression. The data further suggest that NEDD4 has the ability to regulate the PTEN and MDM2 protein levels in colon cancer cells in a cell line-specific manner.
Citation Format: Lars M. Knudsen, Anita Sveen, Christer A. Andreassen, Christian H. Bergsland, Ina A. Eilertsen, Nikoline L. Rasmussen, Max Z. Totland, Peter W. Eide, Jarle Bruun, Ragnhild A. Lothe, Edward Leithe. Role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 in the regulation of PTEN and MDM2 in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1433.