bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the MODIS Collection 6 multilayer cloud detection algorithm through comparisons with CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar and CALIPSO CALIOP products
Authors: Marchant Benjamin , Platnick Steven , Meyer Kerry , Wind Galina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Since multilayer cloud scenes are common in the atmosphere and can be an
important source of uncertainty in passive satellite sensor cloud
retrievals, the MODIS MOD06 and MYD06 standard cloud optical property products
include a multilayer cloud detection algorithm to assist with data quality
assessment. This paper presents an evaluation of the Aqua MODIS MYD06
Collection 6 multilayer cloud detection algorithm through comparisons with
active Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with
Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) products that have the ability to provide cloud
vertical distributions and directly classify multilayer cloud scenes and
layer properties. To compare active sensor products with an imager such as
MODIS, it is first necessary to define multilayer clouds in the context of
their radiative impact on cloud retrievals. Three main parameters have thus
been considered in this evaluation: (1) the maximum separation distance
between two cloud layers, (2) the thermodynamic phase of those layers and
(3) the upper-layer cloud optical thickness. The impact of including the
Pavolonis–Heidinger multilayer cloud detection algorithm, introduced in
Collection 6, to assist with multilayer cloud detection has also been
assessed. For the year 2008, the MYD06 C6 multilayer cloud detection
algorithm identifies roughly 20 % of all cloudy pixels as multilayer
(decreasing to about 13 % if the Pavolonis–Heidinger algorithm output
is not used). Evaluation against the merged CPR and CALIOP 2B-CLDCLASS-lidar
product shows that the MODIS multilayer detection results are quite
sensitive to how multilayer clouds are defined in the radar and lidar product
and that the algorithm performs better when the optical thickness of the
upper cloud layer is greater than about 1.2 with a minimum layer separation
distance of 1 km. Finally, we find that filtering the MYD06 cloud optical
properties retrievals using the multilayer cloud flag improves aggregated
statistics, particularly for ice cloud effective radius.
Optimal grid resolution for precipitation maps from commercial microwave link networks
Authors: van de Beek Remco (C. Z.) , Olsson Jonas , Andersson Jafet 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. High-resolution precipitation observation based on signal attenuation in a Commercial Microwave Link (CML) network is an emerging technique that is becoming more and more used. Commonly, the raw data – line measurements from successive time steps – are mapped onto a grid to estimate precipitation fields with a full spatio-temporal coverage. Assuming the CML-estimated precipitation to be accurate, the attainable resolutions
in time and space are primarily dependent on two factors: (i) the spatial
distribution of the link network and (ii) the spatial correlation properties of the precipitation. Here we outline a pragmatic method for estimating the optimal resolution based on variogram analysis. The method is demonstrated using a CML network and a representative variogram in Stockholm, Sweden. Conceivable applications include preliminary investigations in cities considering starting CML-based precipitation observations.
Fluctuating Tonality and Monotonality in Schoenberg’s Op. 6, No. 8 “Der Wanderer”
Authors: Praskurnin Vlad 
Published: June 2020

Briefly yet tantalizingly outlined in his Theory of Harmony, interpretation of Schoenberg’s concept of fluctuating tonality has proved fruitful in the discussion of his late tonal repertoire, leading to scholarship such as Christopher Lewis’s 1987 article “Mirrors and Metaphors: Reflections on Schoenberg and Nineteenth-Century Tonality.” In this paper, I review Schoenberg’s descriptions of fluctuating tonality and of monotonality, and examine the interaction between these concepts through a close reading of Schoenberg’s “Der Wanderer” (Op. 6, no. 8). The analysis features adapted Schenkerian methods used in conjunction with traditional Roman numeral and root/quality analysis. Rather than suggesting a background principle of paired tonics as argued by Lewis in his analysis of “Traumleben” and “Lockung” (Op. 6, no.1 and no. 7), I interpret fluctuating tonality as a surface- to middleground-level phenomenon that can obscure the tonality of a composition that ultimately remains monotonal.
Case report – Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR after resolution of symptoms
Authors: Gigli Federica , Laszlo Daniele , Avenoso Daniele 
Published: June 2020

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a new challenge for clinicians worldwide. Although the clinical aspects are well described by different groups, there are still some areas of uncertainty about the interpretation of diagnostic methods. Herein, we describe the clinical case of a 45-year-old lady that contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection with a prolonged PCR positive nasopharyngeal swab but lack of COVID-19 defining events.
Synopsis of the parasitoid wasp genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Australia, with the description of seven new species
Authors: Fagan-Jeffries Erinn P. , Austin Andrew D. 
Published: June 2020

The genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 is one of the most diverse of the Microgastrinae, a subfamily of wasps that are exclusively endoparasitic on lepidopteran larvae. Species of Cotesia are widely utilised as biological control agents across the world. In Australia, there are currently 10 confirmed native species as well as four species introduced for the management of lepidopteran pests. The genus is morphologically conserved and has not been studied in the Australasian region for many decades. In this study, we use both comparative morphology and sequence data from the COI gene to delineate species, and in so doing describe seven new species from Australia: C. lasallei sp. nov., C. medusae sp. nov., C. ocellata sp. nov., C. reidarum sp. nov., C. scripta sp. nov., C. tjapekki sp. nov. and C. wonboynensis sp. nov., raising the number of species of Cotesia formally recorded in Australia to 21. We also provide updated descriptions of the previously described native species, diagnoses for the introduced species and a key to all currently described species found on the continent and from Papua New Guinea. This study treats only a fraction of the likely diversity of Cotesia, but provides a solid framework for future work.
Intro to Coding Using Python at the Worcester Public Library
Authors: Friedenthal Melody 
Published: June 2020

The Worcester Public Library (WPL) offers several Digital Learning courses to our adult patrons, and among them is “Intro to Coding Using Python”. This 6-session class teaches basic programming concepts and the vocabulary of software development. It prepares students to take more intensive, college-level classes.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts a bright future for software developers, web developers, and software engineers. WPL is committed to helping patrons increase their “hireability” and we believe our Python class will help patrons break into these lucrative and gratifying professions… or just have fun.
Effects of supplementary feeding on the rumen morphology and bacterial diversity in lambs
Authors: Lv Feng , Wang Xiaojuan , Pang Xin , Liu Guohua 
Published: June 2020

Early supplementary feeding of lambs before weaning is important to meet their nutritional needs, promote the development of rumen and improve performance. To study the effect of early supplementary feeding on rumen development and the microbiota of lambs, 22 Hu lambs were randomly divided into two groups: one group was fed with milk replacer (group C), and the other group was fed with milk replacer and starter (group S). At 28 days, six lambs in each group were slaughtered, and the rumen content and tissue samples were collected for detection and analysis. The starter significantly promoted the length of rumen papilla (P = 0.03), the concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) (P < 0.01), which were higher in group S compared with group C. Group C had a higher rumen microbial diversity than group S. The dominant bacteria in the two groups were the same (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria); however, they differed notably at the genus level. The microbial abundance of the two groups was significantly different for 22 species. In group C, the first three dominant bacteria were Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Campylobacter, while in group S they were Succinivibrio, unidentified_Prevotellaceae, and unidentified_Lachnospiraceae. Spearman correlation analysis showed that some ruminal bacteria were closely related to internal environmental factors, e.g., the relative abundances of unidentified_Bacteria, Euryarchaeota, Fusobacteria, and Gracilibacteria correlated negatively with acetate, propionate, butyrate, and TVFA (P < 0.05), while the relative abundances of Firmicutes correlated positively with acetate, propionate, butyrate and TVFA (P < 0.05). Bacteroidetes correlated negatively with propionate, butyrate, and TVFA (P < 0.05); Synergistetes correlated negatively with acetate, propionate, and butyrate (P < 0.05); Deinococcus-Thermus correlated negatively with propionate, butyrate, and TVFA (P < 0.05); Spirochaetes correlated negatively with propionate and TVFA (P < 0.05); and Elusimicrobia correlated negatively with propionate and butyrate (P < 0.05). Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia correlated positively correlated with NH3-N. In conclusion, supplementary feeding of lambs before weaning promoted the development of rumen tissue morphology and rumen microorganisms.
Is There Any Connection between Urine pH with Freckles?
Authors: Qadir Muhammad Imran , Asghar Aqsa 
Published: June 2020

The aim of the present study was to show the relationship between urine pH and freckles. We asked about this to 100 participants in the research. These participants were the students of Bahauddin Zakariya University. By urine sample, we analyze the acidity or alkalinity of urine. The test for checking the acidity or alkalinity of urine is also called a urine pH test. A urine test shows the acidic or basic result if we take medicine our diet or many diseases. Freckles are a small brown spot on the surface of the skin. They only not found on the skin of the children. Freckles have a different color like dark brown, sometimes black moles type. It was concluded from the result that the test was non-significant because there was no link between urine pH and freckles.
Nonparametric Tests for the Umbrella Alternative with Unknown Peak in a Mixed Design
Authors: Alsuhabi Hassan , Magel Rhonda 
Published: June 2020

Aims: Introducing and comparing 4 different tests for the unknown umbrella alternative in a mixed design.
Study Design: Simulation study consisting of a randomized complete block portion and a completely randomized design portion for various underlying distributions.
Place and Duration of Study: Simulation Study – conducted at North Dakota State University from September 2018 through December 2019.
Methodology: This paper proposes four non-parametric tests for testing the umbrella alternative with unknown peak when the data are mixture of a randomized complete block and a completely randomized design. The proposed tests are various combinations of a modified (unmodified) Mack-Wolfe’s test and a modified (unmodified) Kim-Kim’s test, respectively. In this paper, the proposed tests are an extension of Magel et al. (2010) and Hassan and Magel (2020) peak known tests to the unknown peak setting. The four proposed test statistics are compared to each other.
Results: When there were 3 populations, the unmodified versions of the test statistics did better than the modified versions. When there were 4 and 5 populations, the results varied.
Conclusion: All of the test statistics reached their asymptotic distributions quickly. The standardize first versions of the test statistics were generally better than the standardized last version of the test statistics, which meant that it was better to place equal weights on the RCBD portion and the CRD portion.
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Colon in Uganda: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wismayer Richard 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: In Uganda, the Kampala Cancer Registry has reported a steady increase in the incidence of colorectal carcinoma(CRC) over the last few decades. The author reports a case of a 25 year old gentleman presenting with bowel obstruction and found to have mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon. This is followed by a literature review of the clinical and pathological characteristics of young age sporadic colorectal carcinoma (YSCC) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC).
Presentation of Case: This patient presented with a family history of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and with bowel obstruction. An emergency laparotomy involving a right hemicolectomy was carried out. The postoperative course of this patient was uneventful.
Discussion: The typical histological features of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon were seen on the resected colon specimen. In addition this study reviews the literature regarding the clinical presentation, pathological characteristics, histology and prognosis of mucinous and medullary carcinoma of the colon.
Conclusions: Mucinous adenocarcinoma happens to be the most common histological type of colorectal carcinoma in young adults. In Uganda, low risk young patients with symptoms should be screened for colorectal lesions. A high index of suspicion should therefore be taken in the diagnosis of colorectal malignancy in these patients.
z‐Wire: A Microscaffold That Supports Guided Tissue Assembly and Intramyocardium Delivery for Cardiac Repair
Authors: Portillo‐Esquivel Luis Eduardo , Nanduri Vibudha , Zhang Feng , Liang Wenbin , Zhang Boyang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTissue engineering holds promise to replace damaged tissues for repair of vital organs in the human body. In cardiac repairs specifically, approaches are developed for intramyocardial delivery of cells and the epicardial delivery of tissue‐engineered cardiac patches, providing benefit of cell localization and tissue structure, respectively. However, to improve cell retention and integration, there is a need for the intramyocardial delivery of functional tissues while preserving anisotropic muscle alignment. Here, a biodegradable z‐wire scaffold that supports the scalable gel‐free production of an array of functional cardiac tissues in a 384‐well plate format is developed. The z‐wire scaffold design supports cellular alignment, provides tunable mechanical support, and allows for tissue contraction. When the scaffold is imparted with magnetic properties, individual tissues can be assembled with macroscopic alignment under magnetic guidance. When used in combination with a customized surgical delivery tool, z‐wire tissues can be injected directly into the myocardial wall, with controlled tissue orientation according to the injection path. This modular tissue engineering approach, in combination with the use of smart scaffolds, can expand opportunity in functional tissue delivery.
Acid‐Induced In Vivo Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Photothermal Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Zhang Ruili , Wang Linlin , Wang Xiaofei , Jia Qian , Chen Zhuang , Yang Zuo , Ji Renchuan , Tian Jie , Wang Zhongliang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe complexity of biological systems poses a great challenge in the development of nanotheranostic agents with enhanced therapeutic efficacies. To systematically overcome a series of barriers during in vivo administration and achieve optimal antitumor activity, nanotheranostic agents that can self‐adaptively change their properties in response to certain tumor‐associated signals are highly preferable. Herein, gold nanoparticles with a mixed‐charge zwitterionic surface (Au‐MUA‐TMA) is fabricated, which can undergo pH‐triggered self‐assembly for promoting tumor targeting and improving photoacoustic imaging (PAI)‐guided photothermal tumor ablation. In blood and normal tissues, relatively small‐sized Au‐MUA‐TMA can circulate stably, and upon arriving at the tumor sites, they quickly assemble into larger aggregates in an acidic tumor environment to ensure higher tumor accumulation and retention. Furthermore, the absorption band of Au‐MUA‐TMA can be remarkably shifted to the near‐infrared (NIR) region, which effectively activates the photoacoustic (PA) signals of tumors and enhances photothermal therapy (PTT) with minimal side effects. This in vivo self‐assembly strategy enables the nanotheranostic agents to better fulfill multiple requirements for in vivo application, thereby attaining advanced performances in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Enhanced Optical Emission from 2D InSe Bent onto Si‐Pillars
Authors: Mazumder Debarati , Xie Jiahao , Kudrynskyi Zakhar R. , Wang Xinjiang , Makarovsky Oleg , Bhuiyan Mahabub A. , Kim Hyunseok , Chang Ting‐Yuan , Huffaker Diana L. , Kovalyuk Zakhar D. , Zhang Lijun , Patanè Amalia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractControlling the propagation and intensity of an optical signal is central to several technologies ranging from quantum communication to signal processing. These require a versatile class of functional materials with tailored electronic and optical properties, and compatibility with different platforms for electronics and optoelectronics. Here, the inherent optical anisotropy and mechanical flexibility of atomically thin semiconducting layers are investigated and exploited to induce a controlled enhancement of optical signals. This enhancement is achieved by straining and bending layers of the van der Waals crystal indium selenide (InSe) onto a periodic array of Si‐pillars. This enhancement has strong dependence on the layer thickness and is modelled by first‐principles electronic band structure theory, revealing the role of the symmetry of the atomic orbitals and light polarization dipole selection rules on the optical properties of the bent layers. The effects described in this paper are qualitatively different from those reported in other materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, and do not arise from a photonic cavity effect, as demonstrated before for other semiconductors. The findings on InSe offer a route to flexible nano‐photonics compatible with silicon electronics by exploiting the flexibility and anisotropic and wide spectral optical response of a 2D layered material.
Building Confidence in Simulation: Applications of EasyVVUQ
Authors: Wright David W. , Richardson Robin A. , Edeling Wouter , Lakhlili Jalal , Sinclair Robert C. , Jancauskas Vytautas , Suleimenova Diana , Bosak Bartosz , Kulczewski Michal , Piontek Tomasz , Kopta Piotr , Chirca Irina , Arabnejad Hamid , Luk Onnie O. , Hoenen Olivier , Węglarz Jan , Crommelin Daan , Groen Derek , Coveney Peter V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractValidation, verification, and uncertainty quantification (VVUQ) of simulation workflows are essential for building trust in simulation results, and their increased use in decision‐making processes. The EasyVVUQ Python library is designed to facilitate implementation of advanced VVUQ techniques in new or existing workflows, with a particular focus on high‐performance computing, middleware agnosticism, and multiscale modeling. Here, the application of EasyVVUQ to five very diverse application areas is demonstrated: materials properties, ocean circulation modeling, fusion reactors, forced human migration, and urban air quality prediction.
Rapid formation of methane hydrates with compact agglomeration via regulating the hydrophilic groups of nanopromoters
Authors: Lin Yan , Liu Li , Sun Meng‐Ting , Chen Chen , Zhang Guo‐Dong , He Yan , Wang Fei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGas hydrates have been endowed with great potential as the medium for natural gas storage & transportation. In this work, we prepared novel nanopromoters by grafting hydrophilic groups (SO3−, COO− and N[CH3]3+) covalently on polystyrene nanospheres (Group@PSNS), and for the first time achieved rapid formation of methane hydrates together compact agglomeration by regulating the hydrophilic groups on the surface of nanopromoters. When SO3−@PSNS was used, methane hydrates formed rapidly but loosely in the reactor; while for COO−@PSNS and N(CH3)3+@PSNS, even the hydrate formation rate was seriously reduced, the formed hydrates agglomerated compactly in the reactor bottom. Interestingly, when both SO3− and COO− were fixed on the nanospheres, both the hydrate growth rate and agglomeration compactness were controlled. Especially, the nanopromoter with the SO3−/COO− molar ratio of 2:1 resulted in the formation of methane hydrates with compact agglomeration morphology within 1–2 hr and with the storage capacity reaching 140–145 vol/vol.
X‐Ray Crystallography and Free Energy Calculations Reveal the Binding Mechanism of A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Jespers Willem , Verdon Grégory , Azuaje Jhonny , Majellaro Maria , Keränen Henrik , García‐Mera Xerardo , Congreve Miles , Deflorian Francesca , de Graaf Chris , Zhukov Andrei , Doré Andrew S. , Mason Jonathan S. , Åqvist Johan , Cooke Robert M. , Sotelo Eddy , Gutiérrez‐de‐Terán Hugo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a robust protocol based on iterations of free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations, chemical synthesis, biophysical mapping and X‐ray crystallography to reveal the binding mode of an antagonist series to the A2A adenosine receptor (AR). Eight A2AAR binding site mutations from biophysical mapping experiments were initially analyzed with sidechain FEP simulations, performed on alternate binding modes. The results distinctively supported one binding mode, which was subsequently used to design new chromone derivatives. Their affinities for the A2AAR were experimentally determined and investigated through a cycle of ligand‐FEP calculations, validating the binding orientation of the different chemical substituents proposed. Subsequent X‐ray crystallography of the A2AAR with a low and a high affinity chromone derivative confirmed the predicted binding orientation. The new molecules and structures here reported were driven by free energy calculations, and provide new insights on antagonist binding to the A2AAR, an emerging target in immuno‐oncology.
Superclean Growth of Graphene Using a Cold‐Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition Approach
Authors: Jia Kaicheng , Ci Haina , Zhang Jincan , Sun Zhongti , Ma Ziteng , Zhu Yeshu , Liu Shengnan , Liu Junling , Sun Luzhao , Liu Xiaoting , Sun Jingyu , Yin Wanjian , Peng Hailin , Lin Li , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChemical vapor deposition (CVD) has become a promising approach for the industrial production of graphene films with appealing controllability and uniformity. However, in the conventional hot‐wall CVD system, CVD‐derived graphene films suffer from surface contamination originating from the gas‐phase reaction during the high‐temperature growth. Shown here is that the cold‐wall CVD system is capable of suppressing the gas‐phase reaction, and achieves the superclean growth of graphene films in a controllable manner. The as‐received superclean graphene film, exhibiting improved optical and electrical properties, was proven to be an ideal candidate material used as transparent electrodes and substrate for epitaxial growth. This study provides a new promising choice for industrial production of high‐quality graphene films, and the finding about the engineering of the gas‐phase reaction, which is usually overlooked, will be instructive for future research on CVD growth of graphene.