bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effect of high energy electron beam and 137Cs gamma ray on survival, growth and chlorophyll content in curcuma hybrid ‘Laddawan’ and determine proper dose for mutations breeding
Authors: Katarut Chusreeaeom Chutiphorn Tosri, , Natnichaphu Sukin Mayuree Limtiyayotin, , Jompuk Peeranuch 
Published: January 2020

Curcuma alismatifolia is an ornamental plant with a beautiful flower in the curcuma genus, which is popular in Thailand and other countries. C. alismatifolia has been improved as the market needs. This research aimed to induce mutations and to study the effects of electron beam and gamma ray on tissue culture of the Curcuma hybrid ‘Laddawan.’ Eight-weeks-old plantlets were irradiated by gamma ray with a Mark I irradiator at the dose rate of 3.74 Gy/min, at the Nuclear Technology Research Center, Kasetsart University. For the electron beam irradiation, samples were exposed to a high-energy electron beam. The lowest power of this machine is 10 MeV and the lowest radiation dose per cycle is 50 Gy (240 Gy/min). The comparison between the effects of gamma ray and electron beam irradiation at doses of 0, 50, 100 and 200 Gy showed that survival percentage, growth percentage, and chlorophyll content were significantly decreased (P<0.05) when radiation dose increased. The survival percentage, growth percentage and chlorophyll content of gamma-irradiated samples were higher than the electron beam-irradiated samples in the same dose. The results indicated the optimum dose range for gamma irradiation of Curcuma hybrid ‘Laddawan’ in tissue culture is 30 – 60 Gy and for electron beams the dose should be less than 50 Gy. New characteristics (variegated leaves and light green leaves) were found in M1V2.
The characteristic of functional fermented caprine milk
Authors: Biadała Agata , Pikul Jan , Rudzińska Magdalena , Majcher Małgorzata , Lasik-Kurdyś Małgorzata , Szablewski Tomasz , Cegielska-Radziejewska Renata 
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to characterize functional fermented caprine milk. Functional properties of fermented milks was an effect of increasing the level of whey proteins, MUFA and PUFA content in final product Milk used for experiments was obtained from experimental station belonging to Poznań University of Life Sciences. Feeding strategy was included modification by adding 12% of Camelina sativa cake. The fermentation process was done by using Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus spp., and kefir grain microflora. The quality properties which were considered was metabolic activity, monosaccharide, disaccharide, lactic acid and ethanol content, aroma and fat profile. It was noted that increasing the content of functional components in processed milk caused changes in lactose, MUFA, PUFA and volatile acids content in final product.
Relapsing–remitting clinical course expands the phenotype of Aicardi–Goutières syndrome
Authors: Lambe Jeffrey , Murphy Olwen C. , Mu Weiyi , Sondergaard Schatz Krista , Barañano Kristin W. , Venkatesan Arun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare and likely underdiagnosed genetic leukoencephalopathy, typically presenting in infancy with encephalopathy and characteristic neuroimaging features, with residual static neurological deficits. We describe a patient who, following an initial presentation at the age of 12 months in keeping with AGS, exhibited a highly atypical relapsing course of neurological symptoms in adulthood with essentially normal neuroimaging. Whole‐exome sequencing confirmed a pathogenicRNASEH2Bgene variant consistent with AGS. This case highlights the expanding phenotypes associated with AGS and the potential role of whole‐exome sequencing in facilitating an increase in the rate of diagnosis.
Microfabrication Using Shape‐Transforming Soft Materials
Authors: Apsite Indra , Biswas Arpan , Li Yuqi , Ionov Leonid 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe fabrication of hollow and multicomponent micro‐objects with complex inner structures using state‐of‐the‐art subtractive, formative, and additive manufacturing technologies is challenging. Controlled shape transformation offers a very elegant solution to this challenge. While shape transformations on macroscale can be achieved using either manual or automatic manipulation, shape transformations on microscale can better be realized using shape‐changing polymers such as hydrogels, shape‐memory polymers, liquid crystalline elastomers, and others. This review discusses the properties of different classes of shape‐changing materials, the principle of shape transformation, possibilities to achieve complex shape transformation, as well as applications of shape‐changing materials in microfabrication and other fields.
Defect Engineering on Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yiqiong , Tao Li , Xie Chao , Wang Dongdong , Zou Yuqin , Chen Ru , Wang Yanyong , Jia Chuankun , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe reasonable design of electrode materials for rechargeable batteries plays an important role in promoting the development of renewable energy technology. With the in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying electrode reactions and the rapid development of advanced technology, the performance of batteries has significantly been optimized through the introduction of defect engineering on electrode materials. A large number of coordination unsaturated sites can be exposed by defect construction in electrode materials, which play a crucial role in electrochemical reactions. Herein, recent advances regarding defect engineering in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries are systematically summarized, with a special focus on the application of metal‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and metal–air batteries. The defects can not only effectively promote ion diffusion and charge transfer but also provide more storage/adsorption/active sites for guest ions and intermediate species, thus improving the performance of batteries. Moreover, the existing challenges and future development prospects are forecast, and the electrode materials are further optimized through defect engineering to promote the development of the battery industry.
Single‐Atom Catalysts in Catalytic Biomedicine
Authors: Xiang Huijing , Feng Wei , Chen Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe intrinsic deficiencies of nanoparticle‐initiated catalysis for biomedical applications promote the fast development of alternative versatile theranostic modalities. The catalytic performance and selectivity are the critical issues that are challenging to be augmented and optimized in biological conditions. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) featuring atomically dispersed single metal atoms have emerged as one of the most explored catalysts in biomedicine recently due to their preeminent catalytic activity and superior selectivity distinct from their nanosized counterparts. Herein, an overview of the pivotal significance of SACs and some underlying critical issues that need to be addressed is provided, with a specific focus on their versatile biomedical applications. Their fabrication strategies, surface engineering, and structural characterizations are discussed briefly. In particular, the catalytic performance of SACs in triggering some representative catalytic reactions for providing the fundamentals of biomedical use is discussed. A sequence of representative paradigms is summarized on the successful construction of SACs for varied biomedical applications (e.g., cancer treatment, wound disinfection, biosensing, and oxidative‐stress cytoprotection) with an emphasis on uncovering the intrinsic catalytic mechanisms and understanding the underlying structure–performance relationships. Finally, opportunities and challenges faced in the future development of SACs‐triggered catalysis for biomedical use are discussed and outlooked.
Pros and Cons: Supramolecular or Macromolecular: What Is Best for Functional Hydrogels with Advanced Properties?
Authors: Eelkema Rienk , Pich Andrij 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydrogels are fascinating soft materials with unique properties. Many biological systems are based on hydrogel‐like structures, underlining their versatility and relevance. The properties of hydrogels strongly depend on the structure of the building blocks they are composed of, as well as the nature of interactions between them in the network structure. Herein, gel networks made by supramolecular interactions are compared to covalent macromolecular networks, drawing conclusions about their performance and application as responsive materials.
Highly Efficient Green‐to‐Yellowish‐Orange Emitting Eu2+‐Doped Pyrophosphate Phosphors with Superior Thermal Quenching Resistance for w‐LEDs
Authors: Wei Yi , Gao Zhiyu , Liu Siwei , Chen Shuoting , Xing Gongcheng , Wang Wei , Dang Peipei , Al Kheraif Abdulaziz A. , Li Guogang , Lin Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHighly efficient green/yellowish‐orange phosphors with low thermal quenching behavior are urgently required to improve the luminescence efficiency, color stability, and color rendering of phosphor‐converted white light emitting diodes (w‐LEDs). Herein, a novel green Cs2BaP2O7:0.01Eu2+ phosphor with high luminescence efficiency (82.7%) and thermal quenching behavior (92.5% at 423 K) is reported. Besides, a further luminescence improvement in the quantum yield (98.9%) and thermal quenching resistance (120% at 448 K) is successfully achieved in green/yellowish‐orange color‐tunable Cs2MP2O7:0.01Eu2+ (M = Ba, Sr, and Ca) phosphors. Surprisingly, these green/yellowish‐orange Cs2MP2O7:0.01Eu2+ (M = Ba, Sr, and Ca) phosphors even have a prior advantage over the commercial green β‐SiAlON:Eu2+ and yellow YAG:Ce3+ phosphors. The corresponding spectral adjustment and thermal stability mechanisms are revealed, related to the optimization of local lattice symmetry. The prototype w‐LEDs exhibit warm white light with CIE color coordinate at (0.337, 0.322). The color rendering index, corrected color temperature, and luminescence efficiency can reach 92.6, 4044 K, and 152.56 lm W−1, respectively. In general, the as‐reported green/yellowish‐orange Eu2+‐doped pyrophosphate phosphors are promising candidates in the future high‐quality w‐LEDs applications. The proposal of local lattice symmetry modulation can provide a new approach to exploit novel phosphors with excellent thermal quenching resistance.
The Rise of Textured Perovskite Morphology: Revolutionizing the Pathway toward High‐Performance Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Zhong Jun‐Xing , Wu Wu‐Qiang , Liao Jin‐Feng , Feng Wenhuai , Jiang Yong , Wang Lianzhou , Kuang Dai‐Bin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHalide perovskite materials have achieved overwhelming success in various optoelectronic applications, especially perovskite solar cells and perovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (P‐LEDs), owing to their outstanding optical and electric properties. It is widely believed that flat and mirror‐like perovskite films are imperative for achieving high device performance, while the potential of other perovskite morphologies, such as the emerging textured perovskite, is overlooked, which leaves plenty of room for further breakthroughs. Compared to flat and mirror‐like perovskites, textured perovskites with unique structures, e.g., coral‐like, maze‐like, column‐like or quasi‐core@shell assemblies, are more efficient at light harvesting and charge extraction, thus revolutionizing the pathways toward ultrahigh performance in perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices. Employing a textured perovskite morphology, the record of external quantum efficiency for P‐LEDs is demonstrated as 21.6%. In this research news, recent progress in the utilization of textured perovskite is summarized, with the emphasis on the preparation strategies and prominent optoelectronic properties. The impact of the textured morphology on light harvesting, carrier dynamic management, and device performance is highlighted. Finally, the challenges and great potential of employing these innovative morphologies in fabricating more efficient optoelectronic devices, or creating a new energy harvesting and conversion regime are also provided.
Stable Nano‐Encapsulation of Lithium Through Seed‐Free Selective Deposition for High‐Performance Li Battery Anodes
Authors: Ye Weibin , Pei Fei , Lan Xiangna , Cheng Yong , Fang Xiaoliang , Zhang Qiaobao , Zheng Nanfeng , Peng Dong‐Liang , Wang Ming‐Sheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetallic lithium has long been deemed as the ultimate anode material for future high‐energy‐density Li batteries. However, the commercialization of Li metal anodes remains hindered by some major hurdles including their huge volume fluctuation during cycling, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI), and dendritic deposition. Herein, the concept of nano‐encapsulating electrode materials is attempted to tackle these problems. Nitrogen‐doped hollow porous carbon spheres (N‐HPCSs), prepared via a facile and low‐cost method, serve as the nanocapsules. Each N‐HPCS has a lithophilic carbon shell with a thin N‐rich denser layer on its inner surface, which enables preferential nucleation of Li inside the hollow sphere. It is demonstrated by in situ electron microscopy that these N‐HPCS hosts allow Li to be encapsulated in a highly reversible and repeatable manner. Ultralong Li filling/stripping cycling inside single N‐HPCSs is achieved, up to 50 cycles for the first time. Li ion transport across multiple connected N‐HPCSs, leading to long‐range Li deposition inside their cavities, is visualized. In comparison, other types of carbon spheres with modified shell structures fail in encapsulating Li and dendrite suppression. The necessity of the specific shell design is therefore confirmed for stable Li encapsulation, which is essential for the N‐HPCS‐based anodes to achieve superior cycling performance.
MACl‐Assisted Ge Doping of Pb‐Hybrid Perovskite: A Universal Route to Stabilize High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Gyu Min , Ishii Ayumi , Öz Senol , Miyasaka Tsutomu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInterfacial engineering, grain boundary, and surface passivation in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (HyPSCs) are effective in achieving high performance and enhanced durability. Organic additives and inorganic doping are generally used to chemically modify the surface contacting charge transport layers, and/or grain boundaries so as to reduce the defect density. Here, a simple but tricky one‐step method to dope organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite with Ge for the first time is reported. Unlike Ge doping to all‐inorganic perovskites, application of GeI2 in organic–inorganic perovskite precursors is challenging due to the extremely poor solubility of GeI2 in hybrid perovskite ink, leading to failure in the formation of uniform films. However, it is found that addition of methylammonium chloride (MACl) into the precursor remarkably increases the solubility of GeI2. This MACl‐assisted Ge doping of hybrid perovskites produces high‐quality crystalline film with its surface passivated with nonvolatile GeI2 (GeO2) and the volatile MACl additive also improves the uniformity of GeO2 distribution in the perovskite films. The resulting Ge‐doped mixed cation and mixed halide perovskite films with composition FA0.83MA0.17Ge0.03Pb0.97(I0.9Br0.1)3 show superior photoluminescence lifetime, power conversion efficiency above 22%, and greater stability toward illumination and humidity, outperforming photovoltaic properties of HyPSCs prepared without the Ge doping.
Affecting an Ultra‐High Work Function of Silver
Authors: He Jin , Armstrong Jeff , Cong Peixi , Menagen Barak , Igaher Lior , Beale Andrew M. , Etgar Lioz , Avnir David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn ultra‐high increase in the WF of silver, from 4.26 to 7.42 eV, that is, an increase of up to circa 3.1 eV is reported. This is the highest WF increase on record for metals and is supported by recent computational studies which predict the potential ability to affect an increase of the WF of metals by more than 4 eV. We achieved the ultra‐high increase by a new approach: Rather than using the common method of 2D adsorption of polar molecules layers on the metal surface, WF modifying components, l‐cysteine and Zn(OH)2, were incorporated within the metal, resulting in a 3D architecture. Detailed material characterization by a large array of analytical methods was carried out, the combination of which points to a WF enhancement mechanism which is based on directly affecting the charge transfer ability of the metal separately by cysteine and hydrolyzed zinc(II), and synergistically by the combination of the two through the known Zn‐cysteine finger redox trap effect.
Liquid Crystal Networks on Thermoplastics: Reprogrammable Photo‐Responsive Actuators
Authors: Verpaalen Rob C. P. , Pilz da Cunha Marina , Engels Tom A. P. , Debije Michael G. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArbitrary shape (re)programming is appealing for fabricating untethered shape‐morphing photo‐actuators with intricate configurations and features. We present re‐programmable light‐responsive thermoplastic actuators with arbitrary initial shapes through spray‐coating of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with an azobenzene‐doped light‐responsive liquid crystal network (LCN). The initial geometry of the actuator is controlled by thermally shaping and fixing the thermoplastic PET, allowing arbitrary shapes, including origami‐like folds and left‐ and right‐handed helicity within a single sample. The thermally fixed geometries can be reversibly actuated through light exposure, with fast, reversible area‐specific actuation such as winding, unwinding and unfolding. By shape re‐programming, the same sample can be re‐designed and light‐actuated again. The strategy presented here demonstrates easy fabrication of mechanically robust, recyclable, photo‐responsive actuators with highly tuneable geometries and actuation modes.
Atomic‐Scale Mapping of Impurities in Partially Reduced Hollow TiO2 Nanowires
Authors: Lim Joohyun , Kim Se‐Ho , Aymerich Armengol Raquel , Kasian Olga , Choi Pyuck‐Pa , Stephenson Leigh T. , Gault Baptiste , Scheu Christina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe incorporation of impurities during the chemical synthesis of nanomaterials is usually uncontrolled and rarely reported because of the formidable challenge in measuring trace amounts of often light elements with sub‐nanometer spatial resolution. And yet, these foreign elements (introduced by doping, for example) influence functional properties. We demonstrate how the hydrothermal growth and a partial reduction reaction on hollow TiO2 nanowires leads to the introduction of parts per millions of boron, sodium, and nitrogen. This doping explains the presence of oxygen vacancies and reduced Ti states at the surface, which enhance the functional properties of TiO2. Our results were obtained on model metal oxide nanomaterials and they shed light on a general process that leads to the uncontrolled incorporation of trace impurities in TiO2, thereby, having a strong effect on applications in energy‐harvesting.
Direct Observation of Dynamic Bond Evolution in Single‐Atom Pt/C3N4 Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Linwen , Long Ran , Zhang Yaoming , Duan Delong , Xiong Yujie , Zhang Yajun , Bi Yingpu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts are promising platforms for heterogeneous catalysis, especially for clean energy conversion, storage, and utilization. Although great efforts have been made to examine the bonding and oxidation state of single‐atom catalysts before and/or after catalytic reactions, when information about dynamic evolution is not sufficient, the underlying mechanisms are often overlooked. Herein, we report the direct observation of the charge transfer and bond evolution of a single‐atom Pt/C3N4 catalyst in photocatalytic water splitting by synchronous illumination X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Specifically, under light excitation, we observed Pt−N bond cleavage to form a Pt0 species and the corresponding C=N bond reconstruction; these features could not be detected on the metallic platinum‐decorated C3N4 catalyst. As expected, H2 production activity (14.7 mmol h−1 g−1) was enhanced significantly with the single‐atom Pt/C3N4 catalyst as compared to metallic Pt‐C3N4 (0.74 mmol h−1 g−1).
A Strategy toward Cyclic Topologies Based on the Dynamic Behavior of a Bis(hindered amino)disulfide Linker
Authors: Tsurumi Nao , Takashima Rikito , Aoki Daisuke , Kuwata Shigeki , Otsuka Hideyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA simple and efficient method to generate macrocyclic structures has been developed based on the dynamic behavior of the linker bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)disulfide (BiTEMPS). The prime linear structure was transformed into a (macro)cycle using the following sequence: 1) thiol–ene reaction with a BiTEMPS derivative to afford the linear precursor, then 2) an entropy‐driven transformation induced by diluting and heating. The radicals generated from BiTEMPS upon heating are highly tolerant toward a variety of chemical species, including oxygen and olefins, but they exhibit high reactivity in exchange reactions, which can be applied to the topology transformation of various skeletons. The advantages of the present method, namely, its procedural simplicity and substrate versatility, are demonstrated by the gram‐scale synthesis of cyclic compounds with low and relatively high molecular weight.
A General Strategy to Enhance Donor‐Acceptor Molecules Using Solvent‐Excluding Substituents
Authors: Hoelzel Conner A. , Hu Hang , Wolstenholme Charles H. , Karim Basel A. , Munson Kyle T. , Jung Kwan Ho , Zhang Han , Liu Yu , Yennawar Hemant P. , Asbury John B. , Li Xiaosong , Zhang Xin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile organic donor‐acceptor (D‐A) molecules are widely employed in multiple areas, the application of more D‐A molecules could be limited because of an inherent polarity sensitivity that inhibits photochemical processes. Presented here is a facile chemical modification to attenuate solvent‐dependent mechanisms of excited‐state quenching through addition of a β‐carbonyl‐based polar substituent. The results reveal a mechanism wherein the β‐carbonyl substituent creates a structural buffer between the donor and the surrounding solvent. Through computational and experimental analyses, it is demonstrated that the β‐carbonyl simultaneously attenuates two distinct solvent‐dependent quenching mechanisms. Using the β‐carbonyl substituent, improvements in the photophysical properties of commonly used D‐A fluorophores and their enhanced performance in biological imaging are shown.
Prediction of liquid ammonia yield using a novel deep learning‐based heterogeneous pruning ensemble model
Authors: Dai Min , Yang Fusheng , Zhang Zaoxiao , Liu Guilian , Feng Xiao , Hou Jianmin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLiquid ammonia yield is the main index characterizing the process output of ammonia synthesis, the prediction of which is crucial for process control and optimization. However, the industrial process of ammonia synthesis involves multiple variables and strong nonlinearity, making it difficult to be accurately predicted using conventional mechanism‐driven model, or a certain type of data‐driven model. Therefore, a deep learning‐based heterogeneous pruning ensemble (DL‐HPE) model is proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional models. In this model, a “VDiv” pruning strategy that trades off diversity and accuracy is proposed and successfully applied to select the optimal subset from nine representative base models. Finally, the deep learning is employed to integrate the outputs of the involving models to generate the final prediction. The DL‐HPE method was applied to modeling the UCI standard dataset and the historical dataset collected from an ammonia plant in China. The results show that the method is superior to single model or other ensemble models both in accuracy and in robustness.