bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restricted Water Intake Adversely Affects Rat Vocal Fold Biology
Authors: Duan Chenwei , do Nascimento Naila Cannes , Calve Sarah , Cox Abigail , Sivasankar M. Preeti 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesA holistic understanding of the many ways that systemic dehydration affects vocal fold biology is still evolving. There are also myriad physiologically relevant methodologies to induce systemic dehydration. To untangle the effects of systemic dehydration on vocal fold biology, we need to utilize realistic, clinically translatable paradigms of systemic dehydration in lab animals. Restricted access to water accommodates clinical translation. We investigated whether systemic dehydration via reduced water intake would negatively affect vocal fold biology.Study DesignProspective, in vivo study design.MethodsMale Sprague Dawley rats (N = 13) were provided 4 mL/100 g of water/day for 5 days, whereas male control rats (N = 8) were given ad lib access to water. Following euthanasia, tissues were processed for histological staining, gene expression, and protein assays.ResultsRenin gene expression level in kidneys increased significantly (P ≤ .05), validating dehydration. Dehydration induced by restricted water access downregulated the gene expression of interleukin‐1α and desmoglein‐1 (P ≤ .05). Hyaluronidase‐2 gene expression increased after dehydration (P ≤ .05). The protein level of desmoglein‐1 decreased after dehydration (P ≤ .05). Histological analyses suggested decreased hyaluronan (P ≤ .05) in the water‐restricted rat vocal fold.ConclusionReduced daily water intake for just 5 days impairs vocal fold biology by disrupting inflammatory cytokine release, reducing plasma membrane integrity, and disrupting the hyaluronan network. This is the first study investigating the dehydrating effects of restricted water intake on vocal fold tissue in an in vivo model.Level of EvidenceNA (prospective animal study). Laryngoscope, 131:839–845, 2021
Suppression of environmental DNA degradation in water samples associated with different storage temperature and period using benzalkonium chloride
Authors: Takahara Teruhiko , Taguchi Junya , Yamagishi Satoshi , Doi Hideyuki , Ogata Shigeki , Yamanaka Hiroki , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is a useful tool for biological monitoring of a target species by detecting DNA contained in environmental samples. However, the suppression of eDNA degradation after sample collection is a major issue when estimating the presence of a target species. Recently, benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was shown to dramatically suppress the degradation of eDNA in fish species from freshwater environments. However, the effect of this inexpensive reagent has not yet been tested in the other fish and shellfish species. We examined changes in eDNA concentrations for three target species (Corbicula japonica, Lateolabrax japonicus, and Anguilla japonica). eDNA was measured in samples containing added BAC. The effects of storage temperature (25°C, 4°C, and −30°C) and storage periods (periods up to 21 d) were also measured to determine how sample degradation was affected. We observed that BAC addition was effective in suppressing eDNA degradation, and its influence was similar among species but not storage temperatures. The concentrations of eDNA with BAC for all three species did not decrease with storage period, except for L. japonicus at 25°C and 4°C. Our results suggest that BAC affects eDNA degradation universally for a variety of species inhabiting both freshwater and brackish water.
Opioid Avoidance in Liver Transplant Recipients: Reduction in Postoperative Opioid Use Through a Multidisciplinary Multimodal Approach
Authors: Kutzler Heather L. , Gannon Richard , Nolan William , Meisterling Leah , Cech Marbelia , Gleason Danielle , Uzl Justin , Rochon Caroline , Maneckshana Bejon , Serrano Oscar K. , Riley Jenifer , O’Sullivan David , Urtasun Sotil Eva , Einstein Michael , Sheiner Patricia 
Published: July 2020

The prevalence of substance use disorder in the liver transplantation (LT) population makes postoperative pain management challenging. We report our initial experience with a novel, comprehensive, multidisciplinary opioid avoidance pathway in 13 LT recipients between January 2018 and September 2019. Patients received comprehensive pre‐LT education on postoperative opioid avoidance by the surgeon, pharmacist, and psychologist at the time of listing. Immediately after LT, patients received a continuous incisional ropivacaine infusion, ketamine, acetaminophen, and gabapentin as standard nonopioid medications; rescue opioids were used as needed. We compared outcomes with a historical cohort of 27 LT recipients transplanted between August 2016 and January 2018 managed primarily with opioids. On average, opioid avoidance patients used 92% fewer median (interquartile range [IQR]) morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) versus the historical cohort (7 [1‐11] versus 87 [60‐130] MME; P < 0.001) per postoperative day over a similar length of stay (8 [7‐10] versus 6 [6‐10] days; P = 0.14). Fewer outpatient MMEs were prescribed within the first 60 days after LT in the opioid avoidance group versus the historical cohort: 125 (25‐150) versus 270 (0‐463) MME (P = 0.05). This proof‐of‐concept study outlines the potential to profoundly reduce opioid utilization in the LT population using a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach.
Clinical and Imaging Progression in the PARS Cohort: Long‐Term Follow‐up
Authors: Siderowf Andrew , Jennings Danna , Stern Matthew , Seibyl John , Eberly Shirley , Oakes David , Marek Kenneth ,   for the PARS Investigators
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe PARS (Parkinson Associated Risk Syndrome) study was designed to test whether screening for hyposmia followed by dopamine transporter imaging can identify risk for conversion to clinical PD, and to evaluate progression markers during the prodromal period.MethodsSubjects with hyposmia completed annual clinical evaluations and biennial [123I]ß‐CIT single‐photon emission computed tomography scans. Subjects were categorized as normal (>80% age‐expected tracer uptake; n = 134), indeterminate (>65–80%; n = 30), and dopamine transporter deficit (≤65%; n = 21) by their baseline scan, and survival analysis was used to compare risk of conversion to motor PD. Progressing to a scan with a dopamine transporter deficit was assessed for those subjects with either normal or indeterminate baseline imaging.ResultsOver a mean of 6.3 [standard deviation: 2.2] years of follow‐up, 67% (n = 14) of dopamine transporter deficit subjects, 20% (n = 6) of dopamine transporter indeterminate subjects, and 4% (n = 6) of dopamine transporter normal subjects converted to a PD diagnosis (P < 0.0001). Among subjects without dopamine transporter deficit at baseline, a reduction to ≤65% age‐expected uptake occurred in 12 of 30 (40%) with indeterminate dopamine transporter and 7 of 134 (5%) with no dopamine transporter DAT deficit (P < 0.0001). Imaging conversion during follow‐up was associated with subsequent clinical conversion (hazard ratio: 9.6; P = 0.0157).Discussion and ConclusionsLong‐term follow‐up of the PARS cohort demonstrated a high rate of conversion to clinical PD in subjects who either had abnormal dopamine transporter imaging at baseline or developed abnormal imaging during follow‐up. These data extend the earlier PARS findings and present new results showing the sequence of incident imaging deficit, imaging progression, and clinical changes that occur in prodromal PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Stearidonic‐Enriched Soybean Oil Modulates Obesity, Glucose Metabolism, and Fatty Acid Profiles Independently of Akkermansia muciniphila
Authors: Segura Munoz Rafael R. , Quach Truyen , Gomes‐Neto João C. , Xian Yibo , Pena Pamela A. , Weier Steven , Pellizzon Michael A. , Kittana Hatem , Cody Liz A. , Geis Abby L. , Heck Kari , Schmaltz Robert J. , Bindels Laure B. , Cahoon Edgar B. , Benson Andrew K. , Clemente Tom Elmo , Ramer‐Tait Amanda E. 
Published: July 2020

ScopePrevious studies have suggested that diets rich in omega‐3 and low in omega‐6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can limit the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Transgenic soybeans yielding oils enriched for omega‐3 PUFAs represent a new and readily‐available option for incorporating omega‐3 PUFAs into diets to provide health benefits.Methods and ResultsTransgenic soybean oils, enriched for either stearidonic acid (SDA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are incorporated into diets to test their effects on limiting the development of MetS in a mouse model of diet‐induced obesity. Supplementation with SDA‐ but not EPA‐enriched oils improved features of MetS compared to feeding a control wild‐type oil. Because previous studies have linked the gut microorganism Akkermansia muciniphila to the metabolic effects of feeding omega‐3 PUFAs, the causal contribution of A. muciniphila to mediating the metabolic benefits provided by SDA‐enriched diets is investigated. Although A. muciniphila is not required for SDA‐induced metabolic improvements, this microorganism does modulate levels of saturated and mono‐unsaturated fatty acids in host adipose tissues.ConclusionTogether, these findings support the utilization of SDA‐enriched diets to modulate weight gain, glucose metabolism, and fatty acid profiles of liver and adipose tissue.
LURKING INFERENTIAL MONSTERS? QUANTIFYING SELECTION BIAS IN EVALUATIONS OF SCHOOL PROGRAMS
Authors: Weidmann Ben , Miratrix Luke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study examines whether unobserved factors substantially bias education evaluations that rely on the Conditional Independence Assumption. We add 14 new within‐study comparisons to the literature, all from primary schools in England. Across these 14 studies, we generate 42 estimates of selection bias using a simple approach to observational analysis. A meta‐analysis of these estimates suggests that the distribution of underlying bias is centered around zero. The mean absolute value of estimated bias is 0.03σ, and none of the 42 estimates are larger than 0.11σ. Results are similar for math, reading, and writing outcomes. Overall, we find no evidence of substantial selection bias due to unobserved characteristics. These findings may not generalize easily to other settings or to more radical educational interventions, but they do suggest that non‐experimental approaches could play a greater role than they currently do in generating reliable causal evidence for school education.
Safety and efficacy of dose‐escalation hydroxyurea therapy in very young children with sickle cell anemia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: George Alex , Tran Jennifer N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe BABY HUG trial of hydroxyurea in very young children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) established the safety and clinical benefit of hydroxyurea therapy at a fixed dose in this age group but did not assess the safety and efficacy of escalation to maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in this age group.MethodsTo address this question, we conducted a retrospective chart review of children with HbSS or HbS β0Thalassemia started on hydroxyurea therapy before the age of two years between 2011 and 2018 at the Texas Children's Hematology Center.ResultsWe identified 102 patients ranging from 5 to 24 months in age initiated on hydroxyurea therapy during the study period. MTD was achieved in 86 patients, of whom 51 were still at MTD at the end of monitoring. Overall laboratory response to hydroxyurea was superior in our cohort to that seen in the BABY HUG treatment arm, but MTD declined with age of initiation of treatment. There was a trend toward fewer clinical adverse events in our cohort with maintenance of MTD.ConclusionsDose escalation to MTD appears to be safe in very young children with SCA and results in significant and sustained increases in hemoglobin concentration and HbF. Our findings also suggest that conventional dose‐escalation to MTD may be challenging in children under the age of two years due to the relatively low neutrophil counts commonly seen in this age group.
Deduction of a facile method to construct Antheraea mylitta silk fibroin/gelatin blend films for prospective biomedical applications
Authors: Batra Radhika , Purwar Roli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBlend films of two types (I and II) were prepared by mixing Antheraea mylitta silk fibroin (AMF) and gelatin solution in various blend ratios via the solution casting method. Two different crosslinkers, namely glutaraldehyde and genipin, were used during blend preparation. The structural characteristics and thermal properties of the blend films were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Diffrential scanning calorimetery (DSC). The FTIR spectra showed conformational alterations in type I blend films while type II films attained high β‐sheet crystallinity. The XRD diffractograms presented a high degree of crystallinity in type II blend films compared to type I, which showed an almost amorphous structure. Further, thermal and biological studies were conducted on type II films. According to the TGA thermograms, the degradation temperature of the crosslinked blend films shifted compared to pure gelatin and pure AMF films. Partial miscibility of the two components was indicated by DSC thermograms of the blends. The high water uptake capacity of type II blend films was found to imitate hydrogel behaviour. The blend films did not show any toxicity in 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and supported L929 fibroblast cell spreading and proliferation. The biodegradation of the blend films was significantly faster than the pure silk film. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Identifying clusters of health risk behaviors and their predictors in adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the French Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Pinto Sandrine , Fresneau Brice , Hounsossou Hubert C. , Mayet Aurélie , Marchi Joeffrey , Pein François , Journy Neige , Mansouri Imene , Drubay Damien , Letort Véronique , Lemler Sarah , Demoor‐Goldschmidt Charlotte , Jackson Angela , Souchard Vincent , Vu‐Bezin Giao , Diallo Ibrahima , Rubino Carole , Oberlin Odile , Haddy Nadia , de Vathaire Florent , Dumas Agnès , Allodji Rodrigue S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveHealth risk behaviors (HRB) of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are generally studied separately, despite the evidence suggesting that HRB are not independent. To our knowledge, few studies have examined HRB profiles in the former pediatric cancer patients. In this study, we identified HRB profiles and examined predictors engaging in unhealthy behaviors in CCS.MethodsWe used data from a French cohort of CCS that includes five‐year survivors diagnosed between 1945 and 2000 and treated before reaching age 18, in five centers in France. A total of 2961 adult CCS answered a self‐reported questionnaire pertaining to HRB. Latent class analysis was used to identify HRB profiles combining physical activity, smoking, cannabis use, and alcohol drinking. Multinomial logistic analyses examined predictors for engaging in unhealthy behaviors.ResultsThree HRB patterns emerged: “Low‐risk” (n = 1846, 62.3%) included CCS who exhibited the highest frequency for usual physical activity and the lowest probabilities for current smoking or cannabis use, but most drank at least moderately; “Moderate‐risk behaviors” (n = 291, 9.8%), and “High‐risk behaviors” (n = 824, 27.8%) for CCS who exhibited the highest frequencies for current smoking, cannabis use, and heavy drinking. The multivariable regression revealed that male CCS, less educated or not married were significantly more likely to be in the high‐risk behaviors group than the low‐risk group.ConclusionsAs CCS remain a vulnerable population, screening for HRB should be routinized in long‐term follow‐up care and interventions targeting multiple HRB simultaneously among survivors should be developed.
The experience of health‐related quality of life in extended and permanent cancer survivors: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Neris Rhyquelle Rhibna , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira , Leite Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi , de Andrade Alvarenga Willyane , Polita Naiara Barros , Zago Márcia Maria Fontão 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis qualitative systematic review aims to synthesize qualitative evidence from primary studies on experiencing health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in extended and permanent cancer survivors.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. It followed guidelines from the statement in the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ). A quality appraisal of each study was undertaken using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Data synthesis was conducted according to the thematic synthesis approach. Confidence in each review finding was assessed using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (Grade‐CERQual).ResultsTwenty‐four studies from nine countries were selected for the final sample. Analysis of the studies' results allowed for the construction of nine descriptive themes that were interpreted into three analytical themes: “The body as a representation of HRQoL,” “Living through and beyond cancer: the re‐signification of HRQoL,” and “Employing resources to improve HRQoL.” According to the CERQual approach, moderate confidence estimations were achieved for the results.ConclusionsThe themes reflect that the HRQoL experience is re‐signified by survivors from the privilege of being alive. This process happens with the support of social resources, family, hope, and spirituality. Based on the findings, it is suggested that health staff should be able to recognize the impact that cancer survival has on HRQoL and develop a care plan that addresses needs to sustain health in these survivors.
Recent advances in the study of Arctic submarine permafrost
Authors: Angelopoulos Michael , Overduin Pier P. , Miesner Frederieke , Grigoriev Mikhail N. , Vasiliev Alexander A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSubmarine permafrost is perennially cryotic earth material that lies offshore. Most submarine permafrost is relict terrestrial permafrost beneath the Arctic shelf seas, was inundated after the last glaciation, and has been warming and thawing ever since. As a reservoir and confining layer for gas hydrates, it has the potential to release greenhouse gasses and impact coastal infrastructure, but its distribution and rate of thaw are poorly constrained by observational data. Lengthening summers, reduced sea ice extent and increased solar heating will increase water temperatures and thaw rates. Observations of gas release from the East Siberian shelf and high methane concentrations in the water column and air above it have been attributed to flowpaths created in thawing permafrost. In this context, it is important to understand the distribution and state of submarine permafrost and how they are changing. We assemble recent and historical drilling data on regional submarine permafrost degradation rates and review recent studies that use modelling, geophysical mapping and geomorphology to characterize submarine permafrost. Implications for submarine permafrost thawing are discussed within the context of methane cycling in the Arctic Ocean and global climate change.
New EWMA control charts for monitoring the Weibull shape parameter
Authors: Huwang Longcheen , Lin Li‐Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we first propose a new exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA ) chart for monitoring the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution. The proposed chart is developed based on the EWMA of the normal random variable, which is transformed from the easy‐to‐understand chi‐squared random variable. In contrast, the existing EWMA charts for monitoring the shape parameter use the sample range or the unbiased estimator of the shape parameter. Unfortunately, the EWMA chart generated from sample ranges is inefficient in detecting changes due to its lack of sufficiency, whereas the one produced using unbiased estimators of the shape parameter has a highly complicated distribution that is difficult to manipulate. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the effectiveness of the proposed EWMA chart and the two existing EWMA charts. Also, a maximum likelihood estimation method is employed to estimate the change point in the process for the proposed EWMA chart once an out‐of‐control (OC) signal has been triggered. Further, to reduce the time for detecting the OC signal, an EWMA chart with variable sampling intervals (VSIs) for monitoring the shape parameter is developed based on the proposed EWMA chart. This EWMA chart with VSIs is studied, and its performance is evaluated. Finally, an example to demonstrate the applicability and implementation of the proposed charts is provided.
The coplanar family of bis(nitrotriazoles) tetrazine and oxides based as energetic compounds
Authors: Xu Jin , Wu Jinting , Jiang Yuhe , Zeng Lian , Li Wei , Huang Ming , Li Hongbo , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSearching for energetic materials that balance detonation performance with sensitivity is an enduring ambition in the evolution of high‐energy density materials (HEDMs). The coplanar molecular structures of energetic compounds have a powerful impact on performance. Novel compounds of bis(nitrotriazoles) tetrazine (BNTT) were designed and investigated by density functional theory methods. The coplanar BNTT's oxides were a highlight in molecules with superior performance and acceptable sensitivities. Results showed that all these designed compounds possess high densities, positive heats of formation, remarkable detonation performance, and acceptable impact sensitivity. In particular, B1‐3 possessed higher density (ρ = 1.97 g cm−3) and exhibited good balance between detonation performance (Q = 1779.83 cal g−1, D = 9.48 km s−1, P = 42.01 GPa) and sensitivity (h50% = 28 cm) than trinitroperhydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX). The theoretical study demonstrated that all designed compounds possess acceptable sensitivity. They were seen as the potential candidates of HEDMs.