bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria-adaptor TRAK1 promotes kinesin-1 driven transport in crowded environments
Authors: Henrichs Verena , Grycova Lenka , Barinka Cyril , Nahacka Zuzana , Neuzil Jiri , Diez Stefan , Rohlena Jakub , Braun Marcus , Lansky Zdenek 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIntracellular trafficking of organelles, driven by kinesin-1 stepping along microtubules, underpins essential processes including neuronal activity. In absence of other proteins on the microtubule surface, kinesin-1 performs micron-long runs. Under protein crowding conditions, however, kinesin-1 motility is drastically impeded. It is thus unclear how kinesin-1 acts as an efficient transporter in crowded intracellular environments. Here, we demonstrate that TRAK1 (Milton), an adaptor protein essential for mitochondrial trafficking, activates kinesin-1 and increases its robustness of stepping in protein crowding conditions. Interaction with TRAK1 i) facilitated kinesin-1 navigation around obstacles, ii) increased the probability of kinesin-1 passing through cohesive envelopes of tau and iii) increased the run length of kinesin-1 in cell lysate. We explain the enhanced motility by the observed direct interaction of TRAK1 with microtubules, providing an additional anchor for the kinesin-1-TRAK1 complex. We propose adaptor-mediated tethering as a mechanism regulating kinesin-1 motility in various cellular environments.
Advances and issues in fraud research: a commentary
Authors: Ozili Peterson K. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This purpose of this paper is to discuss some observations in the forensic accounting-based fraud literature. The authors identify recent advances in the literature and highlight several important issues that are worth noting.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a commentary analysis.

Findings
The main message of this commentary paper is that fraud is complicated, and fraud complexity can significantly impact the way researchers undertake forensic accounting-based fraud research.

Practical implications
The practical implication is that forensic accountants and forensic accounting researchers should incorporate into their practice the complexity of fraud regardless of whether they follow an empirical, experimental, exploratory, analytical or critical approach to fraud investigation.

Originality/value
In contrast to previous studies, this study identifies the most recent issues emerging in fraud literature.
What makes the base of the pyramid susceptible to investment fraud
Authors: Deb Sadrita , Sengupta Subhojit 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Dubious investment schemes by unlisted companies are alluring individual investors at the base of the pyramid to invest money and lose them. The purpose of the abstract is to identify the factors that induce the people at base-of-pyramid (BoP) to invest in fraudulent schemes.

Design/methodology/approach
Open-ended interviews of people at the BoP from areas in and around Kharagpur town in West Bengal were conducted. Through open coding, codes, categories and themes were generated.

Findings
Interpersonal trusts form the central feature of investment fraud. The personal relationship among the community members helps these schemes thrive. False hopes of higher returns within a short span combined with constraints of accessing banking services is another motivation for the people at the base of the pyramid to fall prey to these schemes. With limited education, they find these investment avenues convenient providing scope to the perpetrators of fraud to exploit them. To curb these dubious schemes to flourish and exploit the people at the BoP, financial inclusion on a large scale is required. Moreover, the government should take steps to educate the mass at the base of the pyramid.

Originality/value
This study offers new insights on the victims of investment fraud in India those belonging to the economically weak groups and lower income groups comprising together as the BoP) of the society.
Corruption accounting and growth: towards a new methodology
Authors: Grandes Martin , Coremberg Ariel 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate empirically that corruption causes significant and sizeable macroeconomic costs to countries in terms of economic activity and economic growth. The authors modeled corruption building on the endogenous growth literature and finally estimated the baseline (bribes paid to public officials) macroeconomic cost of corruption using Argentina 2004-2015 as a case study.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors laid the foundations of a new methodology to account corruption losses using data from the national accounts and judiciary investigations within the framework of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) non-observed economy (NOE) instead of subjective indicators as in the earlier literature. They also suggested a new method to compute public expenditures overruns, including but not limited to public works.

Findings
The authors found the costs stand at a minimum accumulated rate of 8 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) or 0.8 per cent yearly. These findings provided a corruption cost floor and were consistent with earlier research on world corruption losses estimated at 5 per cent by the World Economic Forum and with the losses estimated at between a yearly rate of 1.3 and 4 per cent and 2 per cent of GDP by Brazil and Peru’s corruption, respectively.

Research limitations/implications
The authors would need to extend the application of their new suggested methodology to further countries. They are working on this. They would need to develop the methodology in full to compute the public works overruns input to future econometric work.

Originality/value
In this paper, the authors make a threefold contribution to the literature on corruption and growth: first, they laid the foundations toward a new methodology to make an accounting of the corruption costs in terms of GDP consistent with the national accounts and executed budgets; on the one hand, and the OECD NOE framework, on the other. The authors named those corruption costs as percentage of GDP the “corruption wedge.” Second, they developed an example taking corruption events and a component of their total costs, namely, the bribes paid to public officials, taking Argentina 2004-2015 as a case study. Finally, they plugged the estimated wedge back into an endogenous growth model and calibrated the growth–corruption path simulating two economies where the total factor productivity was different, at different levels of the corruption wedge.
Fighting financial crime: failure is not an option
Authors: Ali Shazeeda 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of some of the deficiencies in the criminal justice system in Jamaica, particularly relating to financial crime. The author also examines possible alternatives in the approach that may be taken in tackling financial crime.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology used was a review of data on financial crime in Jamaica as well as recent significant cases. An analysis of key pieces of legislation was also undertaken. In some instances, a comparative approach was invoked, with special reference to the UK and US laws.

Findings
Some essential findings include the positive impact that may be gained from restorative justice principles, the effective enforcement of asset recovery provisions and stricter regulation of the financial services industry.

Originality/value
There is no similar comprehensive examination of these issues concerning Jamaica.
Urban States: The Presidency and Planning in Luanda, Angola
Authors: Gastrow Claudia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile state institutions are involved in planning and governance in African cities, their relevance in shaping urban life is sometimes questioned given what residents often experience as the extreme incapacity of state agencies. In response, some scholars have sought to rethink the nature of institutions, while others have shifted their attention to the role of the everyday in the making of cities. This article builds on literature that seeks to better understand the links between quotidian actions and institutional constraints, in order to critically assess how state power is exercised in African cities. It does this by tracking the Presidency's role in shaping Angola's capital, Luanda, in the 1990s and 2000s. The Presidency consolidated power through the urban landscape even in moments when it seemed state presence had totally collapsed. The article therefore shows that a more nuanced understanding of the logics of power in African cities can reveal the ongoing significance of state institutions to their making, even in contexts where the everyday experience of state capacity is one of absence or negligence.
Formation, nutritional value, and enhancement of characteristic components in black garlic: A review for maximizing the goodness to humans
Authors: Qiu Zhichang , Zheng Zhenjia , Zhang Bin , Sun‐Waterhouse Dongxiao , Qiao Xuguang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBlack garlic (BG) is essentially a processed food and obtained through the transformation of fresh garlic (FG) (Allium sativum L.) via a range of chemical reactions (including the Maillard reaction) and microbial fermentation. This review provides the up‐to‐date knowledge of the dynamic and complicated changes in major components during the conversion of FG to BG, including moisture, lipids, carbohydrates (such as sugars), proteins, organic acids, organic sulfur compounds, alkaloids, polyphenols, melanoidins, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and garlic endophytes. The obtained evidence confirms that BG has several advantages over FG in certain product attributes and biological properties (especially antioxidant activity), and the factors affecting the quality of BG include the type and characteristics of FG and processing technologies and methods (especially pretreatments, and processing temperature and humidity). The interactions among garlic components, and between garlic nutrients and microbes, as well as the interplay between pretreatment and main manufacturing process, all determine the sensory and nutritional qualities of BG. Before BG is marketed as a novel snack or functional food, more research is required to fill the knowledge gaps related to quantitative monitoring of the changes in metabolites (especially those taste‐active and/or biological‐active substances) during BG manufacturing to maximize BG's antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, anti‐inflammatory, immunostimulatory, anti‐allergic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and oxidative stress‐/hangover syndrome‐reducing functions, and beneficial effects on memory/nervous systems. Assessments of the quality, efficacy, and safety of BG should be performed considering the impacts of BG production conditions, postproduction handling, and intake methods.
Recent progress in the use of functional foods for older adults: A narrative review
Authors: Jędrusek‐Golińska Anna , Górecka Danuta , Buchowski Maciej , Wieczorowska‐Tobis Katarzyna , Gramza‐Michałowska Anna , Szymandera‐Buszka Krystyna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe number and proportion of older adults are increasing globally, and it is predicted that in 2020, there will be 723 million people worldwide aged 66 and older. In recent decades, numerous studies showed that healthy eating is positively associated with better nutritional status and quality of life, and the decreased incidence of noncommunicable diseases. As older adults become health conscious, the demand for foods and beverages rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds has increased. The increased demand for healthy food stimulated a recent rapid increase in designing, producing, and marketing functional foods to prevent or correct nutrient deficiencies and to improve the nutritional status of older adults. These functional products contain and/or are enriched with dietary fiber; omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; phytoestrogens; polyphenols; carotenoids such as alpha‐ and beta‐carotene; lutein and zeaxanthin; pre‐, pro‐, and synbiotics; and plant sterols and stanols. A limited number of publications have thoroughly addressed the effect of functional foods on the nutritional status of older adults. The goal of this review was to review existing recent research on the role of functional foods in healthy and active aging.
Trace analysis of organic compounds in foods with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy: Methodology, progress, and challenges
Authors: Huang Yiqun , Wang Xiaohui , Lai Keqiang , Fan Yuxia , Rasco Barbara A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) provides a potential solution for rapid analysis of trace compounds such as residual pesticides, naturally occurred toxicants, banned or restricted drugs, and food additives in complex food matrices. In this review, the basic principles of SERS and general approaches to successfully apply SERS in food analysis are covered from an applications perspective. The key steps including substrate selection and evaluation, sample preparation and simplification, spectral collection, and data analysis during the development of SERS methods for food analysis are summarized, together with the discussion of typical underlying technical barriers or major challenges of these methods and their applications. Future directions in successfully applying SERS technology as a routine analytical approach to solve real‐world food problems are analyzed. This comprehensive review summarizes the recent progress on theory, application, and scope of SERS for food analysis, providing a basic understanding of the technology; more importantly, key methodology, potential pitfalls, and possible solutions during the development of rapid SERS methods based on authors’ years of SERS experience are shared with researchers in the field.
Influence of homopolysaccharide‐producing lactic acid bacteria on the spreadability of raw fermented sausages (onion mettwurst)
Authors: Hilbig Jonas , Hildebrandt Lisa , Herrmann Kurt , Weiss Jochen , Loeffler Myriam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of a reduced pH value (5.1 instead of 5.5 to 5.6) on the properties of highly perishable, spreadable raw fermented sausages (onion mettwurst) with or without the addition of homopolysaccharide (HoPS)‐producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Hence, sausages with HoPS‐producing LAB and a pH value of 5.1 were produced and compared to sausages (pH 5.1) produced with a non‐exopolysaccharide (EPS)‐forming strain (Lactobacillus sakei TMW 1.2037). Microbial growth and pH values were monitored during processing (24 °C for 48 hr, 10 °C for 24 hr) and storage (14 days at 0 to 2 °C). Furthermore, fat (Weibull–Stoldt) and EPS contents were determined in the final products. Sausages were characterized using texture profile and sensory analysis. The fat contents ranged from 16% to 19% and the determined EPS concentrations ranged from 0.17 to 0.59 g/kg for L. sakei TMW 1.411 and Lactobacillus curvatus TMW 1.1928 and from 0.67 to 1.58 g/kg for L. curvatus TMW 1.51. The strains L. sakei TMW 1.411 and L. curvatus TMW 1.51 reduced the hardness of the samples significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the control samples. Regarding spreadability and mouthfeel, sausages containing an EPS‐forming culture were rated slightly better than the control samples and the taste was not negatively influenced.Practical ApplicationThis study clearly demonstrated that it is promising to apply HoPS‐producing LAB to maintain the spreadability of pH‐reduced (pH 5.1) spreadable raw fermented onion mettwurst, which may prospectively give the opportunity to increase the safety of this highly perishable product.
Intensification of polyphenols extraction from orange peels using infrared as a novel and energy saving pretreatment
Authors: El Kantar Sally , Rajha Hiba N. , Maroun Richard G. , Louka Nicolas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the impact of a nonconventional pretreatment technique “infrareds free solvent” on the intensification of polyphenols extraction from orange peels. Orange peels were pretreated with infrared heating using a ceramic infrared transmitter from 5 to 25 min at 50 °C. After the addition of the solvent on the pretreated peels, ultrasound treatment was applied on the mixture using an ultrasound generator connected to a titanium ultrasound probe, from 5 to 30 min, at 50 °C. Results showed that the application of ultrasounds on untreated peels enhanced the extraction of polyphenols by 62.5% compared to the conventional solid–liquid extraction. Twenty minutes of infrared pretreatment improved the extraction of polyphenols by 47% with solid–liquid extraction, and 112% with ultrasounds after 30 min compared to solid–liquid extraction from untreated peels. Different combinations of infrared pretreatment and ultrasound assisted extraction were then applied on orange peels. The most advantageous combination in terms of energy consumption and polyphenols extraction has been found for a 20 min infrared pretreatment time and 5 min ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols.Practical ApplicationOrange peels are valuable sources of natural antioxidants such as polyphenols. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction can improve the extraction of polyphenols compared to conventional solid–liquid extraction. To intensify the extraction process, infrared heating can be used as a simple, low cost, and energy saving method. The combined effect of “infrareds free solvent” and ultrasounds allowed the extraction of the highest yields of polyphenols with a high antiradical capacity and a low energy consumption in comparison to conventional extraction.
Soil microbial diversity drops with land‐use change in a high mountain temperate forest: a metagenomics survey
Authors: Muñoz‐Arenas Ligia C. , Fusaro Carmine , Hernández‐Guzmán Mario , Dendooven Luc , Estrada‐Torres Arturo , Navarro‐Noya Yendi E. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryLand‐use change has been identified as the most severe threat to biodiversity. Soils are important biodiversity reservoirs, but to what extent conversion of high‐altitude temperate forest to arable land affects taxonomic and functional soil biodiversity is still largely unknown. Shotgun metagenomics was used to determine the taxonomic and functional diversity of bacteria, archaea and DNA virus in terms of effective number of species in high‐altitude temperate oak and pine‐oak forest and arable soils from Mexico. Generally, the soil ecosystem maintained its microbial species richness notwithstanding land‐use change. Archaea diversity was not affected by land‐use change, but the bacterial diversity decreased with 45–55% when the oak forest was converted to arable land and 65–75% when the pine‐oak forest was. Loss in bacterial diversity as a result of land‐use change was positively correlated (R2 = 0.41) with the 10–25% loss in functional diversity. The archaeal communities were evener than the bacterial ones, which might explain their different response to land‐use change. We expected a decrease in DNA viral communities as the bacterial diversity decreased, i.e. their potential hosts. However, a higher viral diversity was found in the arable than in the forest soils. It was found that converting high altitude oak and pine‐oak forests to arable land more than halved the bacterial diversity, but did not affect the archaeal and even increased the viral diversity.
A prospective study examining the impact of uniportal video‐assisted thoracic surgery on the short‐term quality of life in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Xu Guang‐wen , Xie Ming‐ran , Wu Han‐ran , Xiong Ran , Li Cai‐wei , Xu Shi‐bin , Xu Mei‐qing , Li Tian 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of uniportal and three‐portal VATS in lung cancer patients on the postoperative short‐term quality of life (QOL).MethodsA single‐center, prospective, nonrandomized study was performed on patients who underwent uniportal or three‐portal video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy and systemic mediastinal lymph node dissection. QOL was measured before surgery at baseline and at one, two, four, and eight weeks after the operation. The measured data of normal distribution were indicated by the mean ± standard deviation, the independent sample t‐test was used among the groups, and the χ2 test was used to compare the counting. Non‐normal distribution of the measurement data was carried out using the Mann‐Whitney test.ResultsPreoperative functional areas, symptom areas and overall health scores were similar in the two groups. The physical, role, emotional and social functions and overall health status of the uniportal group were significantly higher than those of the three‐portal group in postoperative time. The score of symptom field was higher in one week after operation, the score of two, four and eight weeks decreased gradually, but it was still above the preoperative level, and the fatigue and pain of the uniportal group were significantly lower than that of the three‐portal group.ConclusionThe advantages of uniportal VATS include a shorter hospital stay, more rapid recovery and superior cosmetic results compared to three‐portal VATS. Additionally, uniportal VATS is superior to three‐portal thoracoscopic surgery in terms of the immediate postoperative short‐term QOL.
Slicing: A sustainable approach to structuring samples for analysis in long‐term studies
Authors: van Lieshout Sil H. J. , Froy Hannah , Schroeder Julia , Burke Terry , Simons Mirre J. P. , Dugdale Hannah L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The longitudinal study of populations is a core tool for understanding ecological and evolutionary processes. Long‐term studies typically collect samples repeatedly over individual lifetimes and across generations. These samples are then analysed in batches (e.g. qPCR plates) and clusters (i.e. group of batches) over time in the laboratory. However, these analyses are constrained by cross‐classified data structures introduced biologically or through experimental design. The separation of biological variation from the confounding among‐batch and among‐cluster variation is crucial, yet often ignored.

The commonly used approaches to structuring samples for analysis, sequential and randomization, generate bias due to the non‐independence between time of collection and the batch and cluster they are analysed in. We propose a new sample structuring strategy, called slicing, designed to separate confounding among‐batch and among‐cluster variation from biological variation. Through simulations, we tested the statistical power and precision to detect within‐individual, between‐individual, year and cohort effects of this novel approach.

Our slicing approach, whereby recently and previously collected samples are sequentially analysed in clusters together, enables the statistical separation of collection time and cluster effects by bridging clusters together, for which we provide a case study. Our simulations show, with reasonable slicing width and angle, similar precision and similar or greater statistical power to detect year, cohort, within‐ and between‐individual effects when samples are sliced across batches, compared with strategies that aggregate longitudinal samples or use randomized allocation.

While the best approach to analysing long‐term datasets depends on the structure of the data and questions of interest, it is vital to account for confounding among‐cluster and batch variation. Our slicing approach is simple to apply and creates the necessary statistical independence of batch and cluster from environmental or biological variables of interest. Crucially, it allows sequential analysis of samples and flexible inclusion of current data in later analyses without completely confounding the analysis. Our approach maximizes the scientific value of every sample, as each will optimally contribute to unbiased statistical inference from the data. Slicing thereby maximizes the power of growing biobanks to address important ecological, epidemiological and evolutionary questions.