bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic, adaptive sampling during nanopore sequencing using Bayesian experimental design
Authors: Weilguny Lukas , De Maio Nicola , Munro Rory , Manser Charlotte , Birney Ewan , Loose Matt , Goldman Nick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne particularly promising feature of nanopore sequencing is the ability to reject reads, enabling real-time selection of molecules without complex sample preparation. This is based on the idea of deciding whether a molecule warrants full sequencing depending on reading a small initial part. Previously, such decisions have been based ona prioridetermination of which regions of the genome were considered of interest. Instead, here we consider more general and complex strategies that incorporate already-observed data in order to optimize the rejection strategy and maximise information gain from the sequencing process. For example, in the presence of coverage bias redistributing data from areas of high to areas of low coverage would be desirable.We present BOSS-RUNS, a mathematical and algorithmic framework to calculate the expected benefit of new reads and generate dynamically updated decision strategies for nanopore sequencing. During sequencing, in real time, we quantify the current uncertainty at each site of one or multiple reference genomes, and for each novel DNA fragment being sequenced we decide whether the potential decrease in uncertainty at the sites it will most likely cover warrants reading it in its entirety. This dynamic, adaptive sampling allows real-time focus of sequencing efforts onto areas of highest benefit.We demonstrate the effectiveness of BOSS-RUNS by mitigating coverage bias across and within the species of a microbial community. Additionally, we show that our approach leads to improved variant calling due to its ability to sample more data at the most relevant genomic positions.
The Interplay of Core and Peripheral Actors in the Trajectory of an Accounting Innovation: Insights from Beyond Budgeting*
Authors: Becker Sebastian D. , Messner Martin , Schäffer Utz 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTPrevious studies on accounting innovations emphasize the key role played by innovators and other core actors in theorizing and popularizing such innovations. This paper extends this literature by drawing attention to the role of actors who occupy a more peripheral position within the innovation‐based field. We regard accounting innovations as strategic action fields, in which core and peripheral actors interact to shape the trajectory of the innovation. In contrast to core actors, peripheral actors only weakly identify with the innovation‐based field and often occupy a core position in some other industry, professional, and/or geographical field. Given their embeddedness in these other fields, they are likely to try to accommodate an innovation with existing practices. Such frame blending can be problematic for core actors who envisage a more radical frame shift. Using the case of Beyond Budgeting, we show how the interplay between core and peripheral actors shapes the trajectory of an innovation, in terms of the composition of the field and the framing tactics that dominate at different stages in the development of the field. Our paper advances a perspective on accounting innovations which highlights the variable nature of the innovation space, in terms of different actors entering and exiting this space over time, as well as the importance of considering the overlaps between an innovation‐based field and other (industry, professional, geographical) fields.
Differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell into germ‐like cell under effect of co‐culture with testicular cell tissue
Authors: Majidi Fatemeh , Bamehr Hadi , Shalchian Zohreh , Kouchakian Mohammad‐Reza , Mohammadzadeh Nima , Khalili Ahmad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSupplements produced by mouse testicular cells (mTCs) and the interaction between cells can increase the differentiation rate of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) into the germ‐like cells. We studied the differentiation rate of hUCMSCs into the germ‐like cells under effect of mTCs co‐culturing. Isolated hUCMSCs from postpartum human umbilical cords were cultured. Then, the expression of mesenchymal (CD73, CD90 and CD105) and haematopoietic (CD34 and CD45) markers of hUCMSCs were confirmed by flow cytometry. Then, the hUCMSCs were cultured in four distinct groups: (a) control, (b) co‐culture until D0, (c) co‐culture until D5 and (d) co‐culture until D10, in order to differentiate into the germ‐like cells. After 10 days, the expression of OCT4, VASA, Fragilis and SYCP3 genes were examined by Real‐Time qPCR. The flow cytometry indicated a high expression of mesenchymal markers and a low expression of haematopoietic markers (CD73:98.6%, CD90: 99.1%, CD105: 99.5%, CD34: 4.22% and CD45: 2.54%). The expression of OCT4 decreased during the time while the expression of VASA, Fragilis and SYCP3 markers increased in the co‐culture with testicular cells (p value <.05). Co‐culture with mTCs may be used as an effective method to differentiate hUCMSCs into germ‐like cells.
Immunogold labelling reveals intense distribution of hyaluronate in the regenerating fin blastema of the goldfish
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImmunogold labelling reveals intense distribution of hyaluronate in the regenerating fin blastema of the goldfish (Acta Zoologica, Stockolm). Caudal fin regeneration in goldfish has been analysed at 3–16 days after tail amputation by light and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry. Hyaluronate is detected using a biotinilated hyaluronate binding protein and anti‐biotin antibodies coupled to gold and silver intensification. Hyaluronate appears among migrating keratinocytes of the wound epidermis and mesenchymal cells of the blastema at 3–6 days post‐amputation. Immunofluorescence for 5BrdU indicates that most proliferation of the wound epidermis and blastema occurs among mesenchymal and bone cells of the amputated lepidotrichia. Few keratinocytes proliferate indicating they mainly derive by migration from the stump borders. Among blastema and epithelial cells, numerous apparently pycnotic cells are present at 3–6 days of regeneration, most identified as immune cells. Silver intensification clearly shows that blastema cells are surrounded by hyaluronate suggesting that this glycosaminoglycan limits the contact between immune and blastema cells, perhaps avoiding an immune reaction that would damage survival of the blastema. Hyaluronate labelling decreases between connective and bone cells in proximal regions at 14–16 days post‐amputation and is low to absent in normal stump tissues. The study suggests that a high level of hyaluronate located among cells is essential for the formation of a regenerating blastema in fish and in other vertebrates.
Current and future treatments of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Sommer Natascha , Ghofrani Hossein A. , Pak Oleg , Bonnet Sebastien , Provencher Steve , Sitbon Olivier , Rosenkranz Stephan , Hoeper Marius M. , Kiely David G. 
Published: February 2020

Therapeutic options for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have increased over the last decades. The advent of pharmacological therapies targeting the prostacyclin, endothelin, and NO pathways has significantly improved outcomes. However, for the vast majority of patients, PAH remains a life‐limiting illness with no prospect of cure. PAH is characterised by pulmonary vascular remodelling. Current research focusses on targeting the underlying pathways of aberrant proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Despite success in preclinical models, using a plethora of novel approaches targeting cellular GPCRs, ion channels, metabolism, epigenetics, growth factor receptors, transcription factors, and inflammation, successful transfer to human disease with positive outcomes in clinical trials is limited. This review provides an overview of novel targets addressed by clinical trials and gives an outlook on novel preclinical perspectives in PAH.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc
Primary cilia: Versatile regulator in cartilage development
Authors: Tao Fenghua , Jiang Ting , Tao Hai , Cao Hui , Xiang Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCartilage is a connective tissue in the skeletal system and has limited regeneration ability and unique biomechanical reactivity. The growth and development of cartilage can be affected by different physical, chemical and biological factors, such as mechanical stress, inflammation, osmotic pressure, hypoxia and signalling transduction. Primary cilia are multifunctional sensory organelles that regulate diverse signalling transduction and cell activities. They are crucial for the regulation of cartilage development and act in a variety of ways, such as react to mechanical stress, mediate signalling transduction, regulate cartilage‐related diseases progression and affect cartilage tumorigenesis. Therefore, research on primary cilia‐mediated cartilage growth and development is currently extremely popular. This review outlines the role of primary cilia in cartilage development in recent years and elaborates on the potential regulatory mechanisms from different aspects.
Subcortical auditory neural synchronization is deficient in pre‐reading children who develop dyslexia
Authors: De Vos Astrid , Vanvooren Sophie , Ghesquière Pol , Wouters Jan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAuditory processing of temporal information in speech is sustained by synchronized firing of neurons along the entire auditory pathway. In school‐aged children and adults with dyslexia, neural synchronization deficits have been found at cortical levels of the auditory system, however, these deficits do not appear to be present in pre‐reading children. An alternative role for subcortical synchronization in reading development and dyslexia has been suggested, but remains debated. By means of a longitudinal study, we assessed cognitive reading‐related skills and subcortical auditory steady‐state responses (80 Hz ASSRs) in a group of children before formal reading instruction (pre‐reading), after 1 year of formal reading instruction (beginning reading), and after 3 years of formal reading instruction (more advanced reading). Children were retrospectively classified into three groups based on family risk and literacy achievement: typically developing children without a family risk for dyslexia, typically developing children with a family risk for dyslexia, and children who developed dyslexia. Our results reveal that children who developed dyslexia demonstrate decreased 80 Hz ASSRs at the pre‐reading stage. This effect is no longer present after the onset of reading instruction, due to an atypical developmental increase in 80 Hz ASSRs between the pre‐reading and the beginning reading stage. A forward stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that literacy achievement was predictable with an accuracy of 90.4% based on a model including three significant predictors, that is, family risk for dyslexia (R = .31), phonological awareness (R = .23), and 80 Hz ASSRs (R = .26). Given that (1) abnormalities in subcortical ASSRs preceded reading acquisition in children who developed dyslexia and (2) subcortical ASSRs contributed to the prediction of literacy achievement, subcortical auditory synchronization deficits may constitute a pre‐reading risk factor in the emergence of dyslexia.
Brain activation patterns underlying upper limb bilateral motor coordination in unilateral cerebral palsy: an fNIRS study
Authors: de Campos Ana Carolina , Sukal‐Moulton Theresa , Huppert Theodore , Alter Katharine , Damiano Diane L 
Published: February 2020

AimTo explore cortical activation during bimanual tasks and functional correlates in unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis cross‐sectional study included eight participants with unilateral CP (six females, two males; mean age [SD] 20y 10mo [5y 10mo], 13y 8mo–31y 6mo) in Manual Ability Classification System levels II to III and nine age‐matched participants with typical development (seven females, two males; mean age [SD] 17y 8mo [5y 7mo], 9y 4mo–24y 2mo). They performed bimanual symmetric squeezing (BSS) and bimanual asymmetric squeezing (BAS) tasks at 1Hz, and a pouring task with dominant hand (DPour) and a pouring task with non‐dominant hand (NDPour) at 0.67Hz, all while a custom array of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) optodes were placed over their sensorimotor area. Mixed‐effects were used to contrast groups, tasks, and hemispheres (corrected p‐values [q] reported). Analysis of variance and t‐tests compared performance measures across groups and tasks.ResultsParticipants with unilateral CP showed greater activation in both hemispheres during BAS (non‐lesioned: q<0.001; lesioned: q<0.001), and in the lesioned hemisphere during BSS (q<0.001), DPour (q=0.02), and NDPour (q=0.02) than those with typical development. The lesioned hemisphere in unilateral CP showed more activity than the non‐lesioned one (BSS: q=0.01; BAS: q=0.009; NDPour: q=0.04). During BAS, higher cortical activity correlated with more synchronous arm activation (r=0.79; p=0.02); activity lateralized towards the non‐lesioned hemisphere correlated with better Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory computer adaptive test scores (r=0.81; p=0.03).InterpretationResults suggest abnormally increased sensorimotor cortical activity in unilateral CP, with implications to be investigated.What this paper adds

Cortical activity in manual tasks is described with functional near‐infrared spectroscopy in typical and atypical cohorts.
Activation levels in unilateral cerebral palsy appear to escalate with task difficulty.
Increased brain activity may be associated with poorer selective manual control.
Specific patterns of brain activity may be related to impaired bimanual function.
Analytics Curriculum for Undergraduate and Graduate Students
Authors: Paul Jomon A. , MacDonald Leo 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIn recent years, analytics has gained considerable momentum in both industry as well as academia. This study aims to develop an analytics curriculum for undergraduate and graduate programs by identifying skill‐based gaps between industry and academia and then clustering them based on methodological and semantic similarities among other criteria. Specifically, we compare industry requirements and related skills for analytics jobs to three types of analytics domains, that is, descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics. We also address several sought‐after intangible student characteristics, such as communication skills, intellectual curiosity, and business acumen. We then cluster these skills by similarity based upon methodology, skill type, and semantics to develop courses based on these clusters. Our study thus provides a comprehensive analysis linking specific industry needs to specific coursework that allows any university to create a well‐rounded analytics program at both the undergraduate and graduate level. Finally, realizing the significant difference between undergraduate and graduate students in terms of expectations and maturity, we use personality‐job fit theory to recommend strategies to better promote the field to undergraduate students. Regarding the latter, we recommend best practices that graduate analytics program can employ to be easy to market and sell to prospective students.
Helping Business Students Acquire the Skills Needed for a Career in Analytics: A Comprehensive Industry Assessment of Entry‐Level Requirements
Authors: Stanton Wilbur W. , Stanton Angela D'Auria 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTFact‐based decision making is changing job functions within organizations more than any other technology. Analytics, once the purview of the data scientist, is now spread throughout organizations. No longer is there a single job title, job function, or set of required skills and credentials for an analytics career. Companies have moved away from seeking applicants with a specific degree to now recruiting analytics talent based on required skill sets. For more than a decade, business schools have been developing new programs in analytics in response to industry's needs. However, in developing meaningful career‐ready professionals, business programs must understand the skills required across different analytics job functions. In this article, the authors present a comprehensive assessment of the skills sought by employers when considering a candidate for an entry‐level analytics position. The authors describe the demand for various types of analytics professionals, identify the job titles and functions with the most significant demand, and then draw a comparison of the job requirements of hard skills, soft skills, software skills, and credentials between three of the most sought‐after analytics areas: data science, data analytics, and business analytics. The authors conclude by providing faculty and administrators with recommendations on how to adapt their courses and programs to provide students with the fundamental preparation necessary for careers in data science, data analytics, and business analytics.
Effectiveness of an innovative and interactive smoking cessation training module for dental students: A prospective study
Authors: Vollath Sophia Elisabeth , Bobak Alex , Jackson Sarah , Sennhenn‐Kirchner Sabine , Kanzow Philipp , Wiegand Annette , Raupach Tobias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmoking is one of the world's major health problems and dental professionals are in a unique position to promote smoking cessation. However, according to the current literature, neither dental students nor dentists feel adequately prepared to counsel smokers. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement a teaching intervention on smoking cessation for fourth‐year dental students and assess its effectiveness in terms of learning outcome on knowledge, communication skills and attitudes.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective intervention study, students in the intervention group (n = 28) participated in a teaching module consisting of a podcast, an interactive lecture, a seminar, and small‐group sessions with role‐play interactions. Knowledge, communication skills and attitudes were measured using written examinations and an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) at the end of the module and 6 months later. Results were compared with data from a historical control group (n = 27) receiving standard teaching.ResultsCompared with the control group, students in the intervention group had higher scores in the knowledge test (67.1% vs 41.8%; P < .001; d = 2.8) as well as in the OSCE (74.9% vs 44.7%; P < .001; d = 2.3) and also retained more knowledge (52.7% vs 36.5%; P < .001; d = 2.0) and skills (71.8% vs 47.6%; P < .001; d = 2.5) over a period of 6 months. Attitudes were similar across groups and time‐points.ConclusionThe teaching intervention equipped dental students with specific knowledge and skills required to effectively counsel smoking patients. Further research is required to assess the transfer of these skills to the clinical setting.
A trophic cascade initiated by an invasive vertebrate alters the structure of native reptile communities
Authors: Feit Benjamin , Dempster Tim , Jessop Tim S. , Webb Jonathan K. , Letnic Mike 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInvasive vertebrates are frequently reported to have catastrophic effects on the populations of species which they directly impact. It follows then, that if invaders exert strong suppressive effects on some species then other species will indirectly benefit due to ecological release from interactions with directly impacted species. However, evidence that invasive vertebrates trigger such trophic cascades and alter community structure in terrestrial ecosystems remains rare. Here, we ask how the cane toad, a vertebrate invader that is toxic to many of Australia's vertebrate predators, influences lizard assemblages in a semi‐arid rangeland. In our study area, the density of cane toads is influenced by the availability of water accessible to toads. We compared an index of the abundance of sand goannas, a large predatory lizard that is susceptible to poisoning by cane toads and the abundances of four lizard families preyed upon by goannas (skinks, pygopods, agamid lizards and geckos) in areas where cane toads were common or rare. Consistent with the idea that suppression of sand goannas by cane toads initiates a trophic cascade, goanna activity was lower and small lizards were more abundant where toads were common. The hypothesis that suppression of sand goannas by cane toads triggers a trophic cascade was further supported by our findings that small terrestrial lizards that are frequently preyed upon by goannas were more affected by toad abundance than arboreal geckos, which are rarely consumed by goannas. Furthermore, the abundance of at least one genus of terrestrial skinks benefitted from allogenic ecosystem engineering by goannas where toads were rare. Overall, our study provides evidence that the invasion of ecosystems by non‐native species can have important effects on the structure and integrity of native communities extending beyond their often most obvious and frequently documented direct ecological effects.
Heterogeneity in patterns of progression of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Abeysekera Rajitha A. , Healy Helen G. , Wang Zaimin , Cameron Anne L. , Hoy Wendy E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundProgression of kidney disease is a deceptively simple word for a complex bio‐clinical process, evidenced by the number of definitions in the literature. This has led to confusion and differences in interpretation of studies.MethodsWe describe different patterns of progression, the performance of different definitions of progression and factors associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in a public renal service in Australia, in a study of patients enrolled in the CKD.QLD Registry with a minimum of 2 years' follow up.ResultsNine patterns of changing estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over two consecutive 12‐month periods were identified. Most common was a stable eGFR over 2 years (30%), and the least was a sustainable improvement of eGFR over both periods (2.1%). There was a lack of congruence between the several definitions of progression of CKD evaluated. More people progressed using the definition of decline of eGFR of >5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year (year 1 = 30.2%, year 2 = 20.7%) and the least using development of end‐stage renal disease (year 1 = 5.4%, year 2 = 9.9%). Age (40–59, ≥80 years), degree of proteinuria at baseline (nephrotic range) and CKD aetiology (renal vascular disease, diabetic nephropathy) were significantly associated with eGFR decline over 2 years.ConclusionsThis is one of the first demonstrations of the great variations among and within individuals in the progression of CKD over even a period as short as 2 years. Findings suggest considerable potential for renal function recovery and stability while demonstrating the importance of using identical definitions for comparisons across datasets from different sources.