bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is the Purpose in Retiring?
Authors: Best Rachel , Hill Patrick 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sense of purpose is related to many positive physical and mental health outcomes (Boyle, Barnes, Buchman & Bennett, 2009). Unfortunately, sense of purpose declines as adults age and particularly with retirement (Pinquart, 2002). Retirement is often measured dichotomously, however, many people are retiring gradually and do not fit clearly as retired or not retired. Moreover, people retire for different reasons ranging from seemingly non-negative reasons (financial incentives or wanting to spend more time on non-work activities) to more negative reasons (physical health problems, mental health problems, cognitive decline, pressure to retire, or getting fired). The current study (N = 558; mean age = 60.17) used data from a Hawaiian sample in which participants completed self-report surveys on retirement status and activity engagement, as well as a measure of purpose (Scheier et al., 2006). We examined whether the role of retirement on sense of purpose differed by form of or motive for retirement. Results indicated the fully retired population reported significantly lower sense of purpose than both the still working and the partially retired populations, but these two groups did not differ. Participants who retired for negative reasons reported significantly lower sense of purpose than those who retired for non-negative reasons. Greater activity engagement was significantly related to sense of purpose for all retirement statuses. However, this relationship was stronger for the partially retired population. Future research should examine further the role of partial retirement for maintaining sense of purpose in older adulthood.
Longitudinal Impact of an Interdisciplinary Course on Aging for First-Year Students
Authors: Picchiello Matthew , Morrow-Howell Nancy , Stark Susan , Carpenter Brian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Undergraduate courses on aging have the potential to counteract negative stereotypes about older adults and to shift students’ academic plans as they learn about aging-related opportunities. For six years we have taught an interdisciplinary course on aging for first-year undergraduate students. We present longitudinal data on students’ attitudes and academic trajectories after taking the course. Students who took the course (n = 314) and comparable students who were not in the course (n = 353) were surveyed prior to and at the end of their first semester and at the end of each subsequent academic year. At each time point students rated the degree to which aging issues are relevant to their personal and professional lives. Students also reported aging-related curricular and extracurricular activities they pursued. Multivariate repeated-measures analyses revealed a significant interaction such that personal and professional relevance of aging issues were lower and remained stable for students not in the class, and were higher and increased for students in the class, F(2,226) = 13.18, F(2,226) = 14.94, p’s &lt; .01. However, for course students, relevance returned to baseline levels by the end of their first year and remained constant in subsequent years. Results from chi-square analyses revealed that students in the class reported more engagement in aging-related courses, χ2(1) = 8.3, research projects, χ2(1) = 90.1, and extracurriculars, χ2(2) = 20.6, p’s &lt; .01. Results suggest that exposing students to information about aging early has the potential to alter academic trajectories, highlighting the importance of early education.
The Efficacy of Palliative Care Education and Training in Primary Care Settings: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Hsieh Jessica , Mirza Raza , McDonald Lynn , Klinger Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Primary care providers play an important role in palliative care service provision. A scoping review of the literature was undertaken in an attempt to gain insight into and awareness of palliative education and training needs in primary care settings. Four scientific databases covering the medical and social science fields were searched, alongside Grey literature. A total of 5,109 hits were generated, leading to 2,875 titles for individual review. Of these, 33 articles were included in the final review. Five major themes were identified: (1) communication skills; (2) knowledge of spiritual/psychosocial needs; (3) pain and symptom management; (4) cultural proficiency; and (5) experience working within interdisciplinary teams. Many primary care practitioners felt inadequately trained in palliative care and felt unprepared to provide the necessary care. Specifically, poor communication between healthcare professionals and patients were found to adversely affect the level of palliative care that is provided. Additionally, practical experience in palliative/end-of-life care was cited as one of the most beneficial methods in helping to improve knowledge about and ability to practice in the field. The majority of articles emphasized the need for education and training programs to enhance the quality of palliative/end-of-life care service provision. Palliative care education appeared to have numerous benefits, including enhancing providers’ knowledge of and attitudes towards this subject, ability to provide palliative/end-of-life care, and self-perception of preparedness. As the landscape of education needs are constantly changing, this review serves as one of the steps in an ongoing evaluation of palliative care providers’ training needs.
The Impact of Educational Training for Supporting Chinese American Family Caregivers
Authors: Lun Man Wai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A pilot self-care educational training, focusing on common caregiving stress, self-care, conflicts, and communication within families for supporting caregiving for family members of old age, was offered to the Chinese American community. After the series of training, 16 participants were asked to evaluate their knowledge of family caregiving as well as the training. Results of the preliminary study revealed that most participants found the training informative but were not sure if they would continue to apply over time. Overall participants reported to be satisfied with the training and receptive to additional training in the future. Results encourage further implementing the training, and investigation of the longitudinal effect of the training to help with family caregiving issues.
Age-Related Difference in the Relationship Between Age Stereotypes and Health Behavior in Midlife Koreans
Authors: Yeom Hyun-E , Park Eunyoung , Jung Misook 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aging stereotypes about health may affect the interpretation of health-related changes in midlife. The purposes of this study were to examine the influence of age-related stereotypic beliefs on health behavior linked to health status and stress and to investigate whether the relationship differs by age. This is a cross-sectional study using a convenience sample of 446 Korean middle-aged adults (mean age=50.7). Data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro approach of SPSS. Age-related stereotypic beliefs affected health behavior through the evaluation of health status (Index=-.006, 95% CI [-.002, -.001]) and related stress (Index=-.002, 95% CI [-.004, -.001]). The relationship between age-related stereotypic beliefs and health status significantly differed by age (β= -.02, p=.004), indicating that individuals with stronger age-related stereotypic beliefs tended to report poorer health status as they aged. With regard to the age difference, the influence of age-related stereotypic beliefs affecting health behavior through health status and related stress became relatively stronger when midlife individuals became older. The findings of this study highlight the importance of carefully assessing age-related beliefs based on consideration of age-related differences in middle-aged individuals. Developing psychoeducational strategies to modify the negative and erroneous aging-related beliefs and to improve health behavior is warranted.
Sociodemographic and Marital Differences in Spousal Involvement in a Partner’s Diabetes Diet
Authors: Castro Paulene , August Kristin , Sorkin Dara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Spouses are commonly involved in their partners’ diabetes management by supporting and regulating (i.e., controlling) their diet. Little is known, however, about what characteristics are associated with how and how often spouses are involved in this context. This study examined whether sociodemographic and marital characteristics helped explain some of the variability in diet-related spousal involvement in promoting a partner’s adherence to a diabetes diet; specifically, whether gender, race/ethnicity, marital quality, and marital length were related to the frequency of spousal engagement in health-related social support and two types of health-related social control. Gender and race/ethnicity were examined as exploratory moderators of the associations between marital characteristics and spousal involvement. Data from two different data sets of older adults (55+ years) whose partners had type 2 diabetes were examined among four racial/ethnic groups (study 1 n = 205; study 2 n = 155). Regression analyses that controlled for patients’ co-morbid health conditions revealed gender and racial/ethnic differences in the frequency of spousal involvement. In addition, marital quality was related to the frequency of support and positive forms of social control among most participants, particularly African American spouses. No associations between marital length and any type of spousal involvement were found, nor were there any gender differences in any of these associations. These findings provide insight into the importance of sociodemographic characteristics and marital quality in understanding spousal involvement in a partner’s diabetes management.
Strategies to Support Physical Activity Participation in Older Adults With Heart Failure
Authors: Hall Katherine , Pastva Amy , King Heather , Lowers Sean , Miller Julie , Riley Jennie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is recommended for people living with heart failure (HF). Despite evidence of its benefits, participation in PA is low in this population, putting them at risk for loss of functional independence and additional health burdens. The aim of this pilot study was to ask older adults living with stable, chronic HF to identify strategies to support regular PA. Patients in an outpatient HF rehabilitation program were recruited to participate in focus groups about their PA knowledge, attitudes, and preferences as part of a stakeholder engagement project. At the beginning of the focus group, participants completed a questionnaire listing 8 potential strategies to optimize PA, and were asked to identify the top 4 strategies that they thought would be most beneficial to support regular PA participation. This was the focus of the current analysis. Thirteen adults with HF (M age=65; 46% female; 62% African American; M BMI=32.6 kg/m2) were enrolled. Top-rated strategies endorsed by participants to support long-term adherence to PA included provision of an exercise guide to support home-based exercise and supplement health provider-supervised exercise sessions (69%), group education classes (64%), completion of fitness assessments at regular intervals (62%), and provision of a transition pathway from an exercise rehabilitation program to a community-based exercise program (62%). The remaining strategies were endorsed by fewer than 50% of participants, and included remote delivery and support options. These results have important implications for future program development and implementation efforts to support PA among older adults with stable, chronic HF.
Applying Evidence-Based Violence Prevention Strategies to Elder Abuse in Public Health
Authors: Ham Carolyn , Bolkan Cory 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Elder abuse is a growing problem with significant public health implications. Because elder abuse shares root causes with other types of violence (e.g., suicidal behavior, intimate partner violence), awareness of elder abuse as a violence prevention priority is rising among public health professionals. Major limitations, however, affect delivery of effective population-level primary prevention for elder abuse, necessitating increased community partnerships. In Washington State, the Department of Health’s Injury and Violence Prevention Section and the Department of Social and Health Services Adult Protective Services Division are leveraging existing strategies to increase identification and reporting of potential elder abuse from falls and injury prevention partners (i.e., opioids, suicide). We describe: (1) challenges and opportunities in creating unique cross-program collaborations, (2) the combined education and outreach efforts of this partnership, and (3) strategies for sustained collaboration. Additionally, we share results of a scoping literature review on evidence-based violence prevention strategies applicable to elder abuse between 2015 – 2019. In the Pubmed and Academic Search Complete databases, the following terms were searched: elder abuse prevention, primary prevention, shared risk and protective factors. Only six articles were identified that addressed primary prevention efforts. Researchers note that primary prevention of elder abuse is poorly understood and challenges exist in applying methods from other types of violence. Education for key community members on identification of abuse is a promising intervention targeting shared risk and protective factors for public health to pursue. Cross-sector community partnerships and rigorous evaluation of primary prevention approaches are needed.
Health and Labor Market Outcomes Among Older Adults: Causal Evidence From Korean Panel Data and Dynamic Modeling
Authors: Kim Hoolda , Mitra Sophie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Health and work are two key determinants of economic insecurity and wellbeing. Since economic insecurity may rise with age due to the deterioration of health and work ability, it is essential to study the causal relationship between health and labor market outcomes among older people. In Korea, the size of the older population has grown rapidly in recent decades but the pension system remains limited in terms of its reach and generosity, leaving a considerable number of older people suffering from economic insecurity. To investigate the two-way causal links between health and labor market outcomes, we use unique data on middle-aged and older Koreans from 12 waves of the Korea Welfare Panel Study (2006-2017) and two dynamic modeling approaches: the Arellano-Bond Generalized Method of Moment Model (AB-GMM) and the Maximum Likelihood Structural Equation Model (ML-SEM). Results point at gender differences regarding the direction of the causal link between health and labor market outcomes. Men are more likely to be in good health due to higher income or paid work. Women are more likely to earn a higher income and to work as paid employees because of good health. These effects particularly hold for Koreans aged 55-74 in urban areas.
Historical Differences in Retirement Adjustment in Germany
Authors: Henning Georg , Huxhold Oliver 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The nature of retirement has been constantly changing over the last decades. Retirement transitions of later-born cohorts differ from those of earlier-born cohorts in terms of sociocultural context and timing. In addition, today’s retirees differ from those who retired earlier in historical time, for example with respect to gender composition, social resources and health status. Gerontological research has rarely addressed the question whether such developments translate into historical differences in retirement adjustment quality. In the current study, we investigated historical differences in perceived retirement adjustment. We distinguished developments for blue-collar and white-collar workers to detect potentially increasing social inequalities. Our pre-registered analyses were based on data from four waves of the German Ageing Survey. The sample included n = 990 participants interviewed either 1996, 2002, 2008 or 2014, who retired in a five-year period before the respective interview (1991-1996, 1997-2002, 2003-2008 and 2009-2014, respectively). Retirement adjustment was measured with three self-report items. Our preliminary results, based on multi-group structural equation modeling, do not provide evidence for a linear improvement or decline of retirement adjustment quality over historical time. White-collar worker reported better adjustment, but this effect was constant over historical time. Our results do not support ideas of fundamental historical differences or growing social inequalities in the individual experience of retirement.
Support for a Lower State Pension Age for Disadvantaged Older Workers
Authors: Mulders Jaap Oude , Van Dalen Hendrik , Henkens Kène 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to policy reforms, early exit from the labor market has decreased substantially and people are participating in the labor market until much higher ages than before. As a result, there are increasingly many people that struggle to continue working until they can comfortably retire, for example due to chronic health conditions or having to provide informal care. A potential solution would be to grant earlier access to state pension benefits (such as Social Security) for disadvantaged older workers. While it is known that many people are supportive of such a policy, the question remains how much earlier access would be granted under which circumstances. Here, using a quasi-experimental vignette design (10,350 observations nested in 2,070 respondents), we study how much earlier Dutch people would like to grant access to disadvantaged older workers. Relevant characteristics of older workers that are judged are the age at which they started working, the level of physical strain in their job, whether they have chronic health conditions, and whether they provide informal care to a loved one. The result show that, on average, people would grant older workers with chronic muscoskeletal conditions or cardiovascular disease one year earlier access to the state pension than normal, while older workers that provide daily informal care would be granted 10 months earlier access. Cumulative disadvantage could lead to a maximum of three years earlier access to pension benefits. This study provides important insights into fairness considerations surrounding state pension provisions, and implications for practice will be discussed.
Balancing Mobility and Driving Safety: Facilitators and Barriers for Driving Frequency Among Older Drivers
Authors: Cao Jiawei , Vivoda Jonathon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Being able to drive safely ensures older adults’ transportation mobility and independence. It is also a key element for social participation and to achieve productive aging. However, when accounting for driving exposure, crash risk and crashed-related deaths increase for older drivers aged 70 years and plus. By analyzing data from NHATS, this study aimed to assess factors that might affect driving frequency (a five-category ordinal variable that measured how often people drove places). I examined whether productive aging activities (e.g., working, volunteering, caregiving, leisure, religious participation, civic engagement), perceived importance of social participation, mental wellbeing, physical capacity, cognition, sensory function, and community environment were either positively or negatively related to driving frequency. Age, gender, race, household size, marital status, and self-rated health were controlled for in this study. Results from ordinal regression showed that higher driving frequency was observed among older adults who reported that they worked for pay, provided care, visited friends and family, and went out for enjoyment. Higher driving frequency was also related to a higher perception of social participation importance. Inability to walk six blocks, lower scores on delayed word recall, and poorer vision were associated with lower driving frequency. Lower driving frequency was also found among women, married couples, and people with worth health and advanced age (80 years and older). These results suggest that higher driving frequency is associated with active social engagement and participation. New vehicle technologies or alternative transportation services and programs could be implemented to ensure safety, mobility, and social participation.
A Novel Method for Assessing and Training Everyday Functional Skills
Authors: Czaja Sara , Harvey Philp , Kallestrup Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older adults, especially those with cognitive impairments often experience difficulty performing everyday tasks such as medication management, which threatens independence. Thus, there is an interest in developing treatment approaches for those who are experiencing or at risk for cognitive problems. Cognitive remediation training (CRT) programs have shown to be effective in improving cognitive abilities, but there is limited evidence to suggest that CRT results in everyday task performance gains. This presentation will discuss findings from a trial evaluating an innovative computer -based functional skills assessment and skills training program (CFSAT), which includes ecologically valid simulations of everyday tasks (e.g., shopping, money and medication management). The sample includes non-cognitively impaired (NC) older adults (n=50) and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 40), ranging in age from 60 -86 years (M= 73.10; SD = 6.06), is primarily female (90%), and ethnically diverse (69% minority). Participants were randomized into the CFSAT condition or a CFSAT + CRT condition. Performance data includes real time measures of accuracy, response time and efficiency. The findings indicate that the assessment component of the CFSAT program differentiated between the NC and MCI groups at the baseline assessment. Both NC and MCI participants demonstrated improvements in performance following training across all tasks; though the MCI participants required more training. Participants who received CFSAT + CRT training demonstrated increased efficiency in skill acquisition. The results indicate that the CFSAT program is an efficacious tool for assessing and training functional performance in both non-cognitively and cognitively impaired older adults.