bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recyclable mono materials for packaging of fresh chicken fillets: New design for recycling in circular economy
Authors: Pettersen Marit Kvalvåg , Grøvlen Magnhild Seim , Evje Nina , Radusin Tanja 
Published: July 2020

The focus on sustainability and circular economy is leading to a need for development of new food packaging concepts, including recyclable materials that ideally consist of a single material in a monolayer system. This research was focused on the possibility of replacing complex multilayered material [amorphous polyethylene terephthalate/polyethylene (APET/PE)] with simple recyclable mono material [high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)] for packaging of chicken fillets in modified atmosphere packaging (CO2/N2: 60%/40%). Bacterial growth measured as total viable count (TVC), lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae, Brochothrix thermosphacta and Escherichia coli for chicken fillets packed in HDPE mono materials was compared with chicken fillets packed in APET/PE.TVC increased during the storage period (24 days) with high level of TVC count (7 log10 CFU/g) recorded at Days 19–20 of storage in both HDPE and APET/PE material. No significant differences were recorded in off‐odour between chicken stored in APET/PE compared with HDPE in CO2/N2 atmosphere during the storage period (samples were regarded as acceptable on the 24th day of storage). The drip loss increased in all samples during storage, and no significant differences between samples stored in different materials were recorded.Significant differences in bacterial growth were recorded between samples with different gas volume to product volume (G/P) ratio (Day 17), implying that higher G/P ratio is resulting in lower TVC count. The lowest G/P ratio caused the highest drip loss, whereas addition of CO2 emitter reduced the drip loss to some extent.This research is very encouraging as it provides new insight into the use of monolayer materials as well as the importance of design for recycling in circular economy.
Different glycolipids in sperm from different freshwater fishes – A high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry study
Authors: Engel Kathrin M. , Dzyuba Viktoriya , Dzyuba Borys , Schiller Jürgen 
Published: July 2020

RationaleGlycolipids play important roles in many physiological processes – despite their commonly low abundance. This study summarizes selected data on the (glyco)lipid composition of sperm from different fish species.MethodsLipid extraction of fish sperm was performed according to the procedure by Bligh and Dyer. The lipid composition of the organic extracts was analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) and electrospray ionization ion trap (ESI‐IT)MS coupled to high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC).ResultsIt was shown that sperm from carp, northern pike, rainbow trout and burbot contain high amounts of neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids as well as sulfoglycolipids. These particular lipids are presumably involved in reproduction requirements.ConclusionsPhospholipids and glycolipids in crude lipid extracts can be analyzed in parallel by MS coupled to TLC. The direct application of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) helps to elucidate the glycolipid structure. Thus, compositional analysis can be performed very rapidly.
Free trade agreements and world obesity
Authors: Baggio Michele , Chong Alberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the causal link between trade openness via free trade agreements (FTAs) and obesity rates. When applying a difference‐in‐differences approach by exploiting the year a country entered a free trade agreement with the United States during the period 1990–2016. We find a positive and causal impact of FTAs on obesity rates, which are statistically and economically significant. We show that our findings are robust to placebo tests, the use of synthetic control methods, and a maximized sample. Furthermore, we show that when using an event studies approach the equal trends assumption holds.
Effect of Potato Storage and Reconditioning Parameters on Physico–Chemical Characteristics of Isolated Starch
Authors: Pobereżny Jarosław , Wszelaczyńska Elżbieta , Gościnna Katarzyna , Spychaj‐Fabisiak Ewa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work aims to determine the effect of time, temperature of storage and the reconditioning process on the physico–chemical characteristics of isolated starch of the potato cultivar used in the production of french fries. The storage and reconditioning processes result in a significant reduction in the large‐size grain (SSG) fraction > 40.1 μm. Long‐term storage (nine months) results in a significant increase in acidity (SA) and a decrease in the amylose (AM) content in starch by 16.5% and 1.3%, respectively. A significantly lower starch stability (SDS) is obtained after storage at a higher temperature (6 °C) and it is 36.6% and 38.8% lower on average for the starch without reconditioning and after reconditioning, respectively. The phosphorus (Ptot) content in starch after harvest averages 647 mg kg−1. Starch from potatoes stored at 2 °C or 6 °C contains on average 1.5% more Ptot than starch from tubers before storage. The starch lightness L‐value significantly depends on the SSG (r = 0.851) and SA (r = −0.760). The best french frie quality (FFQ) values are obtained for starches extracted after harvest and reaches 4.8 points. Reconditioning of tubers after storage results in a significant improvement in the FFQ (0.8 point).
Regulation of ABO blood group antigen expression by miR-331-3p and miR-1908-5p during hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
Authors: Kronstein-Wiedemann Romy , Nowakowska Paulina , Milanov Peter , Gubbe Knut , Seifried Erhard , Bugert Peter , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Tonn Torsten 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The ABO blood group system is the most important factor in clinical transfusion medicine and is implicated in a number of human diseases. ABO antigens are not confined to red blood cells (RBCs) and are widely expressed in a variety of human cells and tissues. To date, many alleles with variant ABO expression have been identified and in many cases traced to one of the &gt;250 reported genetic variations in the respective glycosyltransferase. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of blood group antigens during erythropoiesis has not been addressed, however. Here, we show that miR-331-3p and miR-1908-5p directly target the mRNA of glycosyltransferases A and B. Expression levels of miR-331-3p and miR-1908-5p inversely correlated with levels of blood group A antigen. In addition, we found that overexpression of these miRNAs in hematopoietic stem cells led to a significantly reduced number of blood group A antigens per RBC. Simultaneous targeting of the transcription factor (TF) SP1 by miR-331-3p further enhanced these effects. The targeting rendered SP1 incapable of binding to the ABO gene promoter, causing further downregulation of blood group A antigen expression by up to 70%. Taken together, expression changes in these miRNAs may account for rare cases of weak A/B phenotypes that genetic variations in the glycosyltransferase coding region cannot explain. These results also suggest an explanation for the disappearance of ABH antigens during carcinogenesis and point to new therapeutic targets in ABO mismatched organ transplantation.
Children's concepts of gears and their promotion through play
Authors: Reuter Timo , Leuchter Miriam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mechanical transmission of motion, which is observable in gears’ turning direction (TD) and turning speed (TS) can be understood as part of the core concept “force and motion”. Previous studies have suggested that most children before the age of nine have naïve concepts of gears’ TD and TS. However, these studies relied on children's explanation data and might have therefore underestimated young children's potential. Moreover, these studies did not examine whether preschoolers can overcome their naïve concepts through teaching. Recently, educators have proposed guided play as an educational approach that combines children's play with teacher guidance in a purposefully designed environment. We conducted two subsequent studies. In Study 1, we investigated the children's (naïve) concepts of gears’ TD and TS with a cross‐sectional approach using a nonverbal test procedure. This study comprised 248 children aged 5–10 years and 73 adults. The results showed that the proportion of children with adequate concepts increased with age. More specifically, 7‐ to 8‐year‐olds differed significantly from 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds, indicating a developmental shift around this age. However, naïve concepts of TS were more persistent with age than naïve concepts of TD. Altogether, the results indicated the potential to foster 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds’ concepts of both TD and TS in an intervention. Thus, in Study 2, we developed and tested a guided play intervention to foster 5‐ to 6‐year‐old children's concepts of TD and TS. We conducted a prepost‐intervention design with a guided play group (n = 19) and a free play group (n = 21). The results suggested stronger learning gains in the guided play group (dTD = 0.337, dTS = 0.758) than in the free play group (dTD = 0.224, dTS = 0.158).
Hepatic oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in adult zebrafish following sub‐chronic exposure to BDE‐47 and BDE‐153
Authors: Meng Shunlong , Chen Xi , Gyimah Eric , Xu Hai , Chen Jiazhang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous and prolific contaminant in both the abiotic and biotic environment because of the wide industrial applications of these chemicals. In the present study, the effects of 2,2′,4,4′‐tetrabrominateddiphenyl ether (BDE‐47) and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′‐hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐153) exposure on the induction of hepatic oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the expression of apoptosis‐related genes in adult zebrafish were investigated. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase and superoxide dimutase, significantly increased when adult zebrafish was exposed to various concentrations of BDE‐47 and BDE‐153 for 7 and 15 days. BDE‐47 and BDE‐153 elicited significant alterations in zebrafish 7‐Ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase activity at 3, 7, or 15 days of exposure. In addition, the significant increase in comet assay parameters of zebrafish hepatocytes in a concentration‐dependent manner indicated BDE‐47 and BDE‐153 induced DNA damage, probably due to observed oxidative stress. Furthermore, a monotonically upregulation of p53 and Caspase3, which are apoptotic‐regulated genes, and decreased expression ratio of the anti‐apoptotic B‐cell lymphoma/leukaemia‐2 and Bcl2‐associated X protein genes for all BDE‐47 and BDE‐153 treatments at 7 and 15 days indicated apoptosis induction in zebrafish liver. Our findings help elucidate the mechanisms of BDE‐47‐ and BDE‐153‐induced toxicity in zebrafish hepatocytes.
Resveratrol inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma cells proliferation while promoting apoptosis through inhibition of CBX7 protein
Authors: Chen Ling , Xia Jing‐Sheng , Wu Jin‐Hu , Chen Yong‐Gang , Qiu Chao‐Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs a natural compound, resveratrol (Res) is confirmed to be promising drug for the treatment of malignant tumors. Therefore, our study aimed to observe the impacts of Res on the proliferation and apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC‐3 cells) as well as the mechanism involving chromobox protein homolog 7 (CBX7) signal transduction. HSC‐3 cells were treated with Res, Akt agonist (AL3818) and p16 inhibitor (SC79), and transfected with CBX7 mimics and inhibitor plasmids. The CCK‐8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry was performed to assess cell cycle and apoptosis, and cell colonies and histone DNA level were also measured. Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression levels of related proteins. HSC‐3 cells showed decreased cell proliferation, colonies, BrdU‐counled cells and increased apoptosis, histone DNA level, the activities of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 when treated with Res. Western blot analysis revealed elevated Cle‐PARP and Cle‐caspase 3 expression and reduced t‐PARP expression in HSC‐3 cells treated with Res compared with control. AL3818 and SC79 could decrease the inhibitory effects of Res on the growth of HSC‐3 cells. Furthermore, CBX7 overexpression could also partly reverse the roles of Res in the growth of HSC‐3 cells, and Akt and p16 signal transduction. Our results demonstrate that Res suppresses the proliferation, and induces the apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through the inhibition of CBX7/Akt and the activation of p16 cascades.
Fetal aortic valvuloplasty may rescue fetuses with critical aortic stenosis and hydrops
Authors: Tulzer A. , Arzt W. , Tulzer G. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveCritical aortic stenosis (CAS) with a restrictive interatrial septum may lead to fetal congestive heart failure and hydrops, usually culminating in fetal demise if left untreated. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of fetal aortic valvuloplasty (FAV) on hemodynamics and outcome in these patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of fetuses with CAS and signs of hydrops that underwent FAV in our center between 2000 and 2020. Echocardiograms and patients' charts were analyzed for ventricular and valvular dimensions and for outcome.ResultsHydrops was present at the time of intervention in 15 fetuses with CAS that underwent FAV at our center during the study period. All but one patient had at least one technically successful procedure. There were no procedure‐related deaths, but three intrauterine deaths occurred. Twelve subjects were liveborn, of whom two died within 24 h after birth owing to persistent hydrops. Ventricular function improved and hydrops resolved within 3–4 weeks after FAV in 71.4% (10/14) of fetuses with a technically successful intervention. A biventricular outcome was achieved in 50% of the successfully treated patients.ConclusionsFetuses with CAS and hydrops can be successfully treated with FAV. The procedure has the potential to restore sufficient fetal cardiac output, which may lead to resolution of hydrops. Surviving patients seem to be good candidates for a biventricular outcome. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Techno‐economical optimization using Box–Behnken (BB) design for chemical oxygen demand and chloride reduction from hospital wastewater by electro‐coagulation
Authors: Bajpai Mukul , Katoch Surjit Singh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe study examines the optimum condition of an electro‐coagulation (EC) unit for treatment of hospital wastewater (HWW) using iron (Fe) electrodes. The impact of factors such as pH, current, and electrolysis time on COD, chloride, and anode dissolution was investigated. For this purpose, Box–Behnken (BB) design based on the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design and analyze the results. The predicted value of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and chloride removal at optimum conditions (pH: 7.41, current: 2.64 A and electrolysis time: 41.31 min) were 92.81% and 71.23%, respectively. At same optimum conditions, the value of energy and electrode consumption per kg of COD was 0.06376 kWh/kg COD and 1.362 kg/kg COD, respectively. High value of R2 (i.e., R2 > 99%) for all three responses (Y1, Y2, and Y3) obtained from ANOVA confirms that the proposed model is valid, accurate, and acceptable. The kinetic study shows linear relationship and follows pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. Pareto graph shows that the percentage impact of current factor on COD and chloride removal was maximum, that is, 54.984% and 66.79%, respectively. Lastly, the total cost of EC treatment was calculated in terms of COD removal and was found to be 55.47 ₹/kg COD.Practitioner points

Using Fe electrode results in 92.81% COD and 71.23% Chloride removal, respectively.

High value of R2 > 99% for all three responses from ANOVA confirms the proposed model is valid.

Pareto analysis shows current factor has maximum percentage impact on pollutant removal.

Kinetic study shows linear relationship and follows pseudo‐first‐order kinetics.
Numerical and experimental analyses of the use of double vertical barrier walls for groundwater protection
Authors: Mostafa Ahmed , Gado Tamer A. , Masoud Alaa A. , Rashwan Ibrahim M. H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe groundwater contamination and its impacts on the hydrologic systems and society are critical environmental concerns in the world. This research presents insights from the numerical (SEEP/W and CTRAN/W) and the experimental (sandbox model) analyses of the use of double vertical barrier walls for groundwater protection. The main objective was to evaluate contaminant transport under the effect of several variables. The arrival time increases with increasing the distance between the pollutant source and the first wall, first wall depth of penetration, the distance between the two walls and also increases at smaller hydraulic head differences, and lower conductivities. Furthermore, using double barrier walls would significantly reduce contaminant concentration at the downstream area. This control is most significant when the depth of first wall penetration is larger than that of the second wall. Results proved consistent with several similar studies and advantageous over many of them by the integrated use of both techniques with more variable parameters evaluated.Practitioner points

The research will introduce insights from the effect of using double barrier walls on the hydraulic control of contaminant transport.

The effect of several variables on the contaminant arrival time and concentration is investigated.

Using double barrier walls has a significant impact on contamination transport through the soil.

This control is most significant when the penetration depth of the first wall is larger than that of the second.
A nonlinear discretization theory for meshfree collocation methods applied to quasilinear elliptic equations
Authors: Böhmer Klaus , Schaback Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper generalizes earlier results concerning meshfree collocation methods for semilinear elliptic second order problems to the quasilinear case. These results require a strong form of well‐posedness and a stability analysis in the norm for the meshfree discretization. Since quasilinear problems are usually treated in Hölder norms, both aspects have to be transformed to the Hölder situation. This finally leads to error bounds and convergence rates, the latter being dependent on the smoothness of the true solution. The paper focuses on Dirichlet conditions and postpones other boundary conditions to a forthcoming paper. A numerical example is provided.
Complete spherical convex bodies
Authors: Lassak Marek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSimilarly to the classic notion in Euclidean space, we call a set on the sphere $$S^d$$

S
d

complete, provided adding any extra point increases its diameter. Complete sets are convex bodies on $$S^d$$

S
d

. Our main theorem says that on $$S^d$$

S
d

complete bodies of diameter $$\delta $$
δ
coincide with bodies of constant width $$\delta $$
δ
.
Valproic acid promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in primary human hepatocytes in vitro; impact of C/EBPα-controlled gene expression
Authors: Caiment F. , Wolters J. , Smit E. , Schrooders Y. , Kleinjans J. , van den Beucken T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractValproic acid (VPA) is a frequently prescribed anti-epileptic drug which is known to cause liver toxicity and steatosis through mitochondrial dysfunction. Nevertheless the mechanisms underlying these adverse effects are incompletely understood. In this study, we determined the effect of relatively short (3 h) or prolonged (72 h) exposure to VPA on mitochondrial function in primary human hepatocytes (PHHs). While 3 h VPA exposure did not affect oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) in PHHs, prolonged exposure (24–72 h) significantly reduced basal and maximal OCRs. Given that in particular prolonged VPA exposure is required to cause mitochondrial dysfunction, we investigated gene expression data after VPA exposure for 24, 48, 72 h and 72 h VPA followed by a 72 h washout period. We were able to reduce the comprehensive gene expression changes into a more comprehensible set of 18 TFs that were predicted to be persistently activated after 72 h of VPA exposure. Lentiviral knock-down of one of the candidate TFs, C/EBPα, partly rescued VPA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis of shC/EBPα and shGFP control PHHs identified 24 genuine C/EBPα target genes that are regulated in response to prolonged VPA exposure in PHHs. Altogether this provides new insights on the involvement of C/EBPα in driving VPA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in human liver cells. This hub gene, with its downstream regulators involved in this deregulation, thus represent potential new biomarkers for VPA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
Population pharmacokinetics–pharmacodynamics of sunitinib in pediatric patients with solid tumors
Authors: Wang Erjian , DuBois Steven G. , Wetmore Cynthia , Khosravan Reza 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The safety profile of sunitinib in children, including the impact of sunitinib exposure on safety endpoints, was assessed using population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) models.

Methods
Data were from two clinical studies in 59 children with solid tumors (age range 2–21 years, 28 male/31 female, body weight range 16.2–100 kg, body surface are [BSA] range 0.7–2.1 m2). Analysis of covariates that affected PK and PD parameters was conducted using a nonlinear mixed-effects model. Safety and tolerability endpoints were absolute neutrophil count, hepatic transaminases, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, platelet count, white blood cell count, hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, nausea, intracranial hemorrhage, and vomiting.

Results
The models well described the time courses of concentrations of sunitinib and its primary active metabolite SU012662, as well as safety and tolerability endpoints. In PK models for sunitinib and SU012662, BSA was the only covariate that statistically significantly affected apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent central volume of distribution (Vc/F). Higher BSA was associated with greater CL/F and Vc/F. No statistically significant covariates were identified in the PK–PD models. For safety endpoints that had a sufficient number of adverse events, a higher probability of adverse events was associated with higher average plasma sunitinib concentrations.

Conclusion
In PK models, BSA was the only covariate that affected major PK parameters of sunitinib and SU012662. Based on analysis of safety and tolerability endpoints, the PK–PD relationships were mainly driven by sunitinib plasma exposures and were not affected by age, sex, respective baseline safety endpoint values, baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, or body size.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00387920 (registered October 13, 2006), NCT01462695 (registered October 31, 2011).