bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conocimientos maternos sobre conductas óptimas de lactancia
Authors: Delgado Noguera Mario , Orellana Juan José 
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: explorar los conocimientos sobre conductas óptimas de lactancia materna en las madres en puerperio en el Seguro Social de Popayán, Colombia. Establecer grupos y perfiles de madres según su grado de conocimientos.Diseño: estudio descriptivo.Contexto: centro asistencial de segundo nivel de atención de la seguridad social colombiana.Participantes: 104 madres entrevistadas consecutivamente en el periodo del puerperio.Principales mediciones: se desarrolló un cuestionario para establecer los conocimientos de la lactancia de las madres puérperas a partir de las cinco conductas óptimas de lactancia promovidas por la Wellstart, una organización promotora de la lactancia materna, conductas construidas por medio de estudios cualitativos. Se establecieron cinco preguntas por cada conducta óptima. Se consideró una variable de conocimientos definida como el promedio de los puntajes observados en cada una de las cinco conductas. El punto de corte en la escala 0 a 1 considerado como aceptable fue de 0,6. Se establecieron grupos homogéneos de madres en función al perfil dado por: edad, estrato socioeconómico, paridad, estado civil, escolaridad, abuela conviviente, información sobre lactancia, trabajo y estudio y se observó la tendencia de los puntajes obtenidos según su perfil.Resultados: el 20,2% de la muestra estuvo por debajo del puntaje considerado como aceptable. El puntaje promedio de conocimientos fue 0,73 ± 0,176 (1DE). El puntaje inferior se presentó en la cuarta conducta óptima (complementación gradual), promedio: 0,68 ± 0.17 (1DE) y el superior en la primera (lactancia inmediata después del nacimiento), promedio: 0,80 ± 0,19 (1DE). El grado de conocimiento materno tiene una tendencia significativa según los perfiles (Wilcoxon trend test valor p <0.0001).Conclusiones: aunque el nivel de conocimientos fue aceptable, el estudio permite establecer la necesidad de un programa educativo para reforzar las conductas deseables sobre lactancia materna, principalmente en la complementación gradual. Las madres que necesitan esta intervención son la de menor edad, solteras o en unión libre, primíparas, con niveles bajos de estrato socioeconómico y escolaridad. También es necesario incluir a las abuelas en el programa.
Algorithm for the Choice of Anticoagulant for Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Skirdenko Yu. P. , Nikolaev N. A. 
Published: April 2020

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the anticoagulant choice algorithm in the prevention of complications of atrial fibrillation (AF). Material and methods. Patients with AF (n=98) were included into observational prospective study. The level of adherence to treatment, risk of food interactions and presence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes mutations were determined at the initial examination. These indicators were necessary to specify an eligible anticoagulant according to the evaluated algorithm. Therapy was prescribed by the attending physician. Hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications were assessed at the next examination after 24 weeks. Results. Hemorrhagic complications were observed in 31.6% of patients during the follow-up. Their number was comparable in individuals taking antiplatelet agents and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) (χ2=1.44; p<0.49, Pearson) and significantly more in individuals taking warfarin (as compared to DOACs: χ2=25.08; p<0.000, Pearson; and antiplatelet agents: χ2=34.32; p<0.000, Pearson). Thromboembolic complications were reported in 8.16% of patients. Their number was more in patients taking DOACs than warfarin (χ2=7.03; p<0.03, Pearson). Patients who had to take DOACs according to the algorithm, but in the study took warfarin, demonstrated significantly greater number of thromboembolic complications, with a comparable number of hemorrhagic complications. Patients who could take warfarin according to the algorithm, but in the study took DOACs, had significantly greater number of thromboembolic complications, with a comparable number of hemorrhagic complications. Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrated the potential for reduction in complications, especially thromboembolic, in the choice of anticoagulant using the algorithm; and reduction in complications of therapy, primarily with warfarin, due to the initial prescription of DOACs. The proposed approach, which consists in using the quantitative assessment of adherence to treatment, and only if necessary supplemented by the assessment of food preferences and/or pharmacogenetic studies, contributes to the treatment optimization.
Fast Permeability Estimation of an Unconventional Formation Core by Transient-Pressure History Matching
Authors: Chen Zeliang , Wang Xinglin , Jian Guoqing , Zhang Leilei , Dong Pengfei , Singer Philip M. , Hirasaki George J. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryUnconventional resources are of great importance in the global energy supply. However, the ultralow permeability, which is an indicator of the producibility, makes the unconventional production challenging. Therefore, the permeability is one of the critical petrophysical properties for formation evaluation.There are many existing approaches to determine permeability in the laboratory using core analysis. The methods can be divided into two categories: steady-state and unsteady-state approaches. The steady-state approach is a direct measurement using Darcy's law. This approach has disadvantages because of the accuracy in the measurement of low flow rate and the long run time. The unsteady-state approach includes pulse decay, oscillating pressure, and Gas Research Institute methods. These approaches are complicated in terms of setups and interpretations. Both steady-state and unsteady-state approaches typically have a constraint on the maximum differential pressure.We propose a novel unsteady-state method to determine the permeability by transient-pressure history matching. This approach involves simulation and experiments. On the experiment side, the ultralow-permeability core undergoes 1D CO2-flooding experiments, during which the transient pressure is monitored for history matching. On the simulation side, the transient-pressure history is simulated using the finite-volume method incorporating real-gas pseudopressure and table lookup to deal with the nonlinearity in fluid properties and singularity during phase transition. The free parameter permeability in the simulation is adjusted for history matching to determine the rock permeability.Our new unsteady-state approach is developed for fast and convenient permeability estimation for unconventional formation cores. This approach is a valuable addition to existing permeability measurement methods.
Prevalence and associations of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Abebe Ayele Mamo , Tegegne Kirubel Dagnaw , Getu Mikiyas Amare , Bihonegn Woldemichael Tadesse 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background፡Trachoma is a neglected eye infection and important cause of preventable corneal blindness. In endemic areas, initial infection can occur in early childhood and following recurrent episodes, it progresses to scarring and visual impairment. In the past decades, trachoma disappeared from developed countries through enhancements of hygiene and sanitation but the disease is still a challenge in developing countries. In Ethiopia, data indicate that Amhara is the region with the highest prevalence of active trachoma. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associations of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, north Wollo zone, Amhara.Methods: In this study, 596 children were screened for signs of active trachoma by using cluster-sampling technique. Following pre-testing of the survey instrument in a different district, questions about socio-demographic status were delivered for heads of households. Integrated eye care workers, previously trained to undertake trachoma screening over one month, performed eye examination. The logistic regression model was used to look for associations of active trachoma.Results: The prevalence of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district was 22%. Low economic status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.8 (95% CI 1.3–11.4), being 37– 48 months old (4.2; 1.5–12.0), living in a house with thatched roof (4.4;1.4–13.6), presence of flies in the home (4.6;2.1–9.9), once-weekly face-washing frequency (8.6;2.5–29.3), having a face that had not been washed for longer than a week (10.6;2.9–37.7), and not using soap (4.5;1.8–11.3) were had association to active trachomaConclusion: The prevalence of active trachoma among rural pre-school children was high. Trachoma is still a major public health problem in Wadla. Further interventions are needed to prevent future trachomatous blindness.
Urinary angiotensinogen as a surrogate marker predicting the antiproteinuric effects of angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with overt proteinuria: a multicenter prospective study
Authors: Jeon Junseok , Kim Do Hee , Jang Hye Ryoun , Lee Jung Eun , Huh Wooseong , Kim Hye-Young , Kim Dae Joong , Kim Yoon-Goo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Although urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) and renin reflect intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity and are enhanced in proteinuric chronic kidney disease, the clinical value of urinary AGT and renin levels during antiproteinuric treatment has yet to be determined. We investigated the clinical usefulness of initial urinary AGT or renin to determine the antiproteinuric effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Methods: This multicenter, prospective, single-arm study included 205 patients with overt proteinuria (urinary protein/creatinine ratio [uPCR] ≥ 1 mg/mg) enrolled between April 2009 and December 2011. All patients were treated with valsartan. The urinary AGT/creatinine ratio (uAGT/Cr) was measured at the baseline and 24 weeks, and the renin/creatinine ratio (uR/Cr) was measured at the baseline. Fifty-six patients were followed-up for 5 years. Results: The mean age was 47.6 years and 51.2% were male. The mean uPCR was 2.32 mg/mg and the mean eGFR was 63.2 mL/min/1.73m2. Natural logarithms (ln) (uAGT/Cr), ln(uR/Cr), and diabetes mellitus were associated with proteinuria decrement (decrease in uPCR ≥ 1 mg/mg). Ln(uAGT/Cr) was an independent predictor for proteinuria decrement (OR 1.372, 95% CI, 1.068–1.762, P = 0.013). Among the 56 patients followed-up for 5 years, Δln(uAGT/Cr) at 24 weeks was an independent predictor for uPCR < 1 mg/mg at 5 years (OR 0.379, 95% CI, 0.20–0.715, P = 0.003). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the potential role of both baseline urinary AGT and changes in urinary AGT during the initial 24 weeks as surrogate markers predicting the antiproteinuric effects of ARBs in patients with overt proteinuria.
Components of metabolic syndrome in patients with multiple myeloma and smoldering multiple myeloma
Authors: Markus Efrat , Trestman Svetlana , Cohen Yael , Angel Yoel , Sofer Yael , Mittelman Moshe , Avivi Irit , Stern Naftali , Izkhakov Elena 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalences of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, both of which are components of metabolic syndrome, are known to be increased among patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but remain undetermined among patients with smoldering MM (SMM). Methods: Changes in various components of metabolic syndrome were investigated during the follow-up of patients with either MM or SMM compared to healthy controls. The data of 153 patients (105 with MM and 48 with SMM) and 138 controls were accessed from our medical center’s records between 2008-2015. We analyzed the patients’ data at diagnosis (baseline) and after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up. Results: Patients with SMM had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia at baseline compared to controls. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed a higher risk to develop dyslipidemia after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up among the SMM patients. The MM patients had a higher risk to develop diabetes after 1 year, hypertension after 5 years, and dyslipidemia after 1, 3, and 5 years of follow-up. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that patients with SMM and those with MM are more prone to develop various components of metabolic syndrome, and they stress the importance of following-up metabolic syndrome components in both groups of patients.
Distribution of 31 endocrine disrupting compounds in the Taihu Lake and application of the fish plasma model
Authors: Bao Yifan , Huang Wenping , Xialin Hu , Yin Daqiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The successful application of Fish plasma model (FPM) will greatly simplify the risk assessment of drugs. At present, the FPM has been applied to the risk assessment of several human drugs with high hydrophobicity. However, its applicability to a wide variety of compounds needs to be tested. Filed work about distribution characteristics of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in water and in fish plasma plays a key role in promoting the successful application of FPM. However, there are few reports on the distribution of EDCs in fish, especially in wild fish plasma. Results: The distribution of 31 EDCs, including seven estrogens, eight androgens, six progesterones, five glucocorticoids, and five industrial compounds, in water and plasma of five categories of wild fishes in Taihu Lake was studied and the typical FPM was tested by the field data. The detected concentration of most compounds is relatively low (< 10 ng/L), and the industrial compounds are the predominant pollutants with the highest concentration up to 291.7 ng/L (Bisphenol A) in water. In general, glucocorticoids were detected at the highest concentrations in plasma of all kinds of fishes, followed by industrial compounds and estrogens. Except for glucocorticoids (up to 43.61 for Cortisone), the average concentrations of the other four categories of EDCs in fish plasma were generally low (< 10 μg/L). The available measured bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of 20 kinds of EDCs were in the range of 0 to 5626. The bioaccumulation of EDCs in fish plasma is not only hydrophobicity dependent, and it is both fish species-specific and compound-dependent. The classical FPM was tested and the results indicated that the good coincides of measured log BAFs and the theoretical log BCFs was only observed for limited EDCs (7 out of 20). The present available FPM generally underestimated the Log BAFs of most hydrophilic EDCs (log Kow <3.87, 11 out of 20) whereas overestimated the Log BAFs of several high hydrophobic EDCs (Log Kow >3.87) in fish plasma. Conclusion：Although the present FPM is barely satisfactory, it is still promising for predicting the accumulation of EDCs in fish plasma and for further environmental risk assessment.
Distribution and phylogenetic diversity of Anopheles species in malaria endemic areas of Honduras in an elimination setting
Authors: Escobar Denis , Ascencio Krisnaya , Ortiz Andrés , Palma Adalid , Fontecha Gustavo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors of malaria, one of the most important infectious diseases in the tropics. More than 500 Anopheles species have been described worldwide, and more than 30 are considered a public health problem. In Honduras, information on the distribution of Anopheles spp. and its genetic diversity is scarce. This study aimed to describe the distribution and genetic diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes in Honduras. Methods: Mosquitoes were captured in 8 locations in 5 malaria endemic departments during 2019. Two collection methods were used. Adult anophelines were captured outdoors using CDC light traps and by aspiration of mosquitoes at rest. The morphological identification was performed using taxonomic keys. Genetic analyses included the sequencing of a partial region of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Results: A total of 1320 anophelines were collected and identified through morphological keys. Seven Anopheles species were identified. Anopheles albimanus was the most widespread and abundant species (74.02%). To confirm the morphological identification of the specimens, 175 and 122 sequences were obtained for COI and ITS2 respectively. Both markers confirmed the morphological identification. COI showed a greater nucleotide diversity than ITS2 in all species. High genetic diversity was observed within the populations of An. albimanus while An. darlingi proved to be a highly homogeneous population. Phylogenetic analyses revealed clustering patterns in An. darlingi and An. neivai in relation to specimens from South America. New sequences for An. crucians, An. vestitipennis, and An. neivai are reported in this study.Conclusions: Here we report the distribution and genetic diversity of Anopheles species in endemic areas of malaria transmission in Honduras. According to our results, both taxonomic and molecular approaches are useful tools in the identification of anopheline mosquitoes. However, both molecular markers differ in their ability to detect intraspecific genetic diversity. These results provide supporting data for a better understanding of the distribution of malaria vectors in Honduras.
Clinicopathological study of mixed cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis secondary to Hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: LI CHAO , LI HANG , SU WEI , WEN YU-BING , YE WEI , YE WEN-LING , CAI JIAN-FANG , QIN XU-ZHEN , LI XUE-MEI , LI XUE-WANG 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (CryoGn) caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was rarely reported. Our study aimed to investigate the clinical features, renal pathology findings, and prognosis in patients with HBV related CryoGn. Methods This was a retrospective study including seven Chinese patients with HBV related CryoGn in a tertiary referral hospital from April 2016 to March 2019. The clinical and pathological data were collected and analyzed.Results Age at renal biopsy was 47±12 years, with female/male ration 3/4. Urine protein was 5.6(3.0, 6.6) g/d and five cases presented with nephrotic syndrome. The baseline eGFR was 23.5 (20.2, 46.3) ml/min per 1.73m2. The extrarenal manifestations included purpura (n=6), arthralgia (n=1), peripheral neuropathy (n=1), and cardiomyopathy (n=1). Six cases had type II cryoglobulinemia with IgMκ, the other one had type III. The median cryocrit was 4.0 (1.0, 15.0) %. Renal pathologic findings on light microscopy: endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (Gn) (n=3), membranoproliferative Gn (n=3), and mesangial proliferative Gn (n=1). On immunofluorescence microscopy, the predominant type of immunoglobulin deposits was IgM(n=5). HBsAg and HBcAg deposits were found in one case. Ultrastructural studies showed granular subendothelial and mesangial electron-dense deposits in all patients and microtubules in one case. All patients received antiviral medications. They were given corticosteroid alone (n=2) or combined with cyclophosphamide (n=4) or mycophenolate mofetil (n=1). Two patients received plasmapheresis. The median follow-up time was 18 (6, 37) months. Four patients got remission, two patients died from pneumonia, and one progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). At endpoint of follow-up, 24hUP was 2.1 (0.8-5.2) g/d, and eGFR was 55.3 (20.7, 111.8) ml/min per 1.73m2.Conclusions The etiology of mixed CryoGn should be screened for HBV infection. Endocapillary proliferative Gn and membranoproliferative Gn were the common pathologic patterns. Diagnosis and treatment in early-stage benefit patients’ renal outcomes. Immunosuppressive therapy should be considered for severe renal disease, based on efficient antiviral therapy.
Abdominal Aortic Calcification Score as a Predictor of Clinical Outcome in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: ma dahua , Yan Hao , Yang Xiaoxiao , Yu Zanzhe , Ni Zhaohui , Fang Wei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic calcification assessed by X-ray is recommended to evaluate vascular calcification in dialysis patients. It has been shown that abdominal aortic calcification score (AACS) is a predictor of adverse outcomes in hemodialysis patients, but evidence regarding its prognostic value in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is still insufficient. We aimed to examine the predictive role of AACS for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and mortality in PD patients.Methods Eligible patients undergoing PD between July 2011 and July 2014 were recruited. AACS was quantified using lateral lumbar radiography at recruitment. Patients were prospectively followed up until death, PD cessation, or to the end of the study (August 31, 2018). Both subdistribution hazards and cause-specific hazards models were used to evaluate the association between AACS and MACCE as well as mortality.Results 292 patients were enrolled, including 160 males (54.8%) with mean age 57.1±15.2 years and median PD duration 28.4 (IQR 12.0, 57.8) months. Among them, 75 (25.7%) patients were comorbid with diabetes, and 94 (32.2%) patients had cardiovascular disease (CVD). The average AACS was 2.0 (0.0, 6.0). Patients were categorized on the tertiles of AACS (Low AACS group, AACS=0, n=125; Medium AACS group, AACS 1-4, n=72; and High AACS group, AACS>4, n=95). AACS was associated with age (OR=1.081, P < 0.001), PD duration (OR=1.012, P=0.003), CVD (OR =1.919, P=0.020) and diabetes (OR=2.554, P=0.002). During the follow-up period of 43.6 (24.6, 50.7) months, there were 65 MACCEs and 84 deaths. Significantly higher cumulative incidences of all-cause mortality (Log-rank = 35.992, P＜0.001; Gray=38.662, P < 0.001) and MACCE (Log-rank=26.146, P＜0.001; Gray=27.810, P < 0.001) were observed in the upper AACS tertile. AACS was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (HR=2.438, 95% CI 1.246-4.772, P = 0.009; SHR=2.323, 95%CI 1.229-4.389, P=0.009) and MACCE (HR = 3.455, 95% CI 1.734-6.884, P <0.001; SHR=3.063, 95%CI 1.460-6.430, P=0.003) in this study.Conclusions AACS was associated with age, PD duration, CVD and diabetes in PD patients. AACS could predict MACCE and all-cause mortality in this population. It thus might be a safe and feasible method to identify PD patients with adverse outcomes.