bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase of High Molecular Weight Organosulfate With Intensifying Urban Air Pollution in the Megacity Beijing
Authors: Xie Qiaorong , Li Ying , Yue Siyao , Su Sihui , Cao Dong , Xu Yisheng , Chen Jing , Tong Haijie , Su Hang , Cheng Yafang , Zhao Wanyu , Hu Wei , Wang Zhe , Yang Ting , Pan Xiaole , Sun Yele , Wang Zifa , Liu Cong‐Qiang , Kawamura Kimitaka , Jiang Guibin , Shiraiwa Manabu , Fu Pingqing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOrganosulfates (OSs), a key component of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), account for up to one third of organic matter in the atmosphere. However, high molecular weight (HMW, 500–800 Da) OSs in ambient aerosols are poorly characterized at a molecular level, due to experimental difficulties. With Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICRMS), we are able to identify more than 8,000 OSs in wintertime aerosols in Beijing. We found that both the number and signal magnitudes of HMW OSs with low H/C and O/C ratios and degrees of unsaturation were greatly enhanced during hazy days, indicating that most HMW OSs were freshly formed during stagnant air pollution episodes. They are most likely to be the oxidation products of semivolatility to low‐volatility precursors (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids) and have showed a strong influence of anthropogenic emissions. The molecular corridor analysis suggests that the high abundance of HMW aromatic‐like and aliphatic OSs considerably decreases the volatility of organic aerosols in the urban atmosphere.
A Mechanistic Analysis of Wetland Biogeochemistry in Response to Temperature, Vegetation, and Nutrient Input Changes
Authors: Pasut Chiara , Tang Fiona H. M. , Maggi Federico 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWetlands represent the most significant natural greenhouse gas (GHG) source and their annual emissions tightly depend on climatic and anthropogenic factors. Biogeochemical processes occurring in wetlands are still poorly described by mechanistic models and hence their dynamic response to environmental changes are weakly predicted. We investigated wetland GHG emissions, relevant electron acceptors and donors concentrations, and microbial composition resulting from changes in temperature, CH4 plant uptake efficiency, and SO
deposition using a mechanistic biogeochemical model (here called BAMS3) that integrates the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) cycles. Parameters constraining the coupled C‐N‐S cycles were retrieved from controlled experiments and were validated against independent field data of CH4 emissions, and CH4(aq) and SO
concentration profiles in a wetland in southern Michigan, USA (Shannon & White, 1994, http://hdl.handle.net/102.100.100/236252?index=1). We found that +1.75 °C increase in temperature leads to 22% and 30% increment in CH4 and N2O emissions, respectively. A decrease in the CH4 plant uptake efficiency causes the prevalent CH4 emission pathway to become diffusion mediated and resulted in 50% increase in the daily average CH4 emissions. Finally, a decreasing SO
deposition rate can increase CH4 emissions up to 5%. We conclude that the increasing GHG emissions from wetlands is a result of both environmental and anthropogenic causes rather than global warming alone. An increase in model complexity does not necessary improve the estimation of GHG emissions but it aids interpretation of intermediate processes to a greater detail.
Lagrangian Studies of Net Community Production: The Effect of Diel and Multiday Nonsteady State Factors and Vertical Fluxes on O2/Ar in a Dynamic Upwelling Region
Authors: Wang Seaver , Kranz Sven A. , Kelly Thomas B. , Song Hajoon , Stukel Michael R. , Cassar Nicolas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ratio of dissolved oxygen to argon in seawater is frequently employed to estimate rates of net community production (NCP) in the oceanic mixed layer. The in situ O2/Ar‐based method accounts for many physical factors that influence oxygen concentrations, permitting isolation of the biological oxygen signal produced by the balance of photosynthesis and respiration. However, this technique traditionally relies upon several assumptions when calculating the mixed‐layer O2/Ar budget, most notably the absence of vertical fluxes of O2/Ar and the principle that the air‐sea gas exchange of biological oxygen closely approximates net productivity rates. Employing a Lagrangian study design and leveraging data outputs from a regional physical oceanographic model, we conducted in situ measurements of O2/Ar in the California Current Ecosystem in spring 2016 and summer 2017 to evaluate these assumptions within a “worst‐case” field environment. Quantifying vertical fluxes, incorporating nonsteady state changes in O2/Ar, and comparing NCP estimates evaluated over several day versus longer timescales, we find differences in NCP metrics calculated over different time intervals to be considerable, also observing significant potential effects from vertical fluxes, particularly advection. Additionally, we observe strong diel variability in O2/Ar and NCP rates at multiple stations. Our results reemphasize the importance of accounting for vertical fluxes when interpreting O2/Ar‐derived NCP data and the potentially large effect of nonsteady state conditions on NCP evaluated over shorter timescales. In addition, diel cycles in surface O2/Ar can also bias interpretation of NCP data based on local productivity and the time of day when measurements were made.
İzmir‐Ankara Suture as a Triassic to Cretaceous Plate Boundary—Data From Central Anatolia
Authors: Okay Aral I. , Sunal Gürsel , Sherlock Sarah , Kylander‐Clark Andrew R. C. , Özcan Ercan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe İzmir‐Ankara suture represents part of the boundary between Laurasia and Gondwana along which a wide Tethyan ocean was subducted. In northwest Turkey, it is associated with distinct oceanic subduction‐accretion complexes of Late Triassic, Jurassic, and Late Cretaceous ages. The Late Triassic and Jurassic accretion complexes consist predominantly of basalt with lesser amounts of shale, limestone, chert, Permian (274 Ma zircon U‐Pb age) metagabbro, and serpentinite, which have undergone greenschist facies metamorphism. Ar‐Ar muscovite ages from the phyllites range from 210 Ma down to 145 Ma with a broad southward younging. The Late Cretaceous subduction‐accretion complex, the ophiolitic mélange, consists of basalt, radiolarian chert, shale, and minor amounts of recrystallized limestone, serpentinite, and greywacke, showing various degrees of blueschist facies metamorphism and penetrative deformation. Ar‐Ar phengite ages from two blueschist metabasites are ca. 80 Ma (Campanian). The ophiolitic mélange includes large Jurassic peridotite‐gabbro bodies with plagiogranites with ca. 180 Ma U‐Pb zircon ages. Geochronological and geological data show that Permian to Cretaceous oceanic lithosphere was subducted north under the Pontides from the Late Triassic to the Late Cretaceous. This period was characterized generally by subduction‐accretion, except in the Early Cretaceous, when subduction‐erosion took place. In the Sakarya segment all the subduction‐accretion complexes, as well as the adjacent continental sequences, are unconformably overlain by Lower Eocene red beds. This, along with the stratigraphy of the Sakarya Zone, indicates that the hard collision between the Sakarya Zone and the Anatolide‐Tauride Block took place in Paleocene.
Global‐Scale Observations of the Limb and Disk Mission Implementation: 1. Instrument Design and Early Flight Performance
Authors: McClintock William E. , Eastes Richard W. , Hoskins Alan C. , Siegmund Oswald H. W. , McPhate Jason B. , Krywonos Andrey , Solomon Stanley C. , Burns Alan G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) is a National Aeronautics and Space Administration mission of opportunity designed to study how the Earth's ionosphere‐thermosphere system responds to geomagnetic storms, solar radiation, and upward propagating atmospheric tides and waves. GOLD employs an instrument with two identical ultraviolet spectrographs that make observations of the Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere from a commercial communications satellite owned and operated by Société Européenne des Satellites (SES) and located in geostationary orbit at 47.5° west longitude (near the mouth of the Amazon River). They make images of atomic oxygen 135.6 nm and N2 Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) 137–162 nm radiances of the entire disk that is observable from geostationary orbit and on the near‐equatorial limb. They also observe occultations of stars to measure molecular oxygen column densities on the limb. Here, we provide an overview of the instrument and compare its prelaunch and early flight measurement performance. Direct comparison of LBH spectra of an electron lamp taken before launch with spectra on orbit provides evidence that both cascade and direct excitation are important sources of thermospheric LBH emission.
QuanTI-FRET: a framework for quantitative FRET measurements in living cells
Authors: Coullomb Alexis , Bidan Cécile M. , Qian Chen , Wehnekamp Fabian , Oddou Christiane , Albigès-Rizo Corinne , Lamb Don. C. , Dupont Aurélie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFörster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) allows for the visualization of nanometer-scale distances and distance changes. This sensitivity is regularly achieved in single-molecule experiments in vitro but is still challenging in biological materials. Despite many efforts, quantitative FRET in living samples is either restricted to specific instruments or limited by the complexity of the required analysis. With the recent development and expanding utilization of FRET-based biosensors, it becomes essential to allow biologists to produce quantitative results that can directly be compared. Here, we present a new calibration and analysis method allowing for quantitative FRET imaging in living cells with a simple fluorescence microscope. Aside from the spectral crosstalk corrections, two additional correction factors were defined from photophysical equations, describing the relative differences in excitation and detection efficiencies. The calibration is achieved in a single step, which renders the Quantitative Three-Image FRET (QuanTI-FRET) method extremely robust. The only requirement is a sample of known stoichiometry donor:acceptor, which is naturally the case for intramolecular FRET constructs. We show that QuanTI-FRET gives absolute FRET values, independent of the instrument or the expression level. Through the calculation of the stoichiometry, we assess the quality of the data thus making QuanTI-FRET usable confidently by non-specialists.
Production of mouse androgenetic embryos using spindle perturbation
Authors: Totsuka Takaya , Ohsugi Miho 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo study the functional differences between maternal and paternal genomes in mammalian development, embryos with only one parental genome are often used. Androgenetic embryos are produced by the removal of maternal chromosomes before or after fertilization by techniques that require specialized skills and are associated with high risk of cellular damage. Here, we developed a novel method for producing androgenetic mouse embryos without the invasive enucleation process. We found that during in vitro fertilization in the presence of low-dose nocodazole, a microtubule destabilizing drug, whole oocyte chromosomes were extruded into the second polar body resulting in the production of androgenetic embryos. We further demonstrated that low-dose nocodazole decreased the spindle size and prevented chromosome segregation but did not compromise oocyte meiotic resumption. This led to the formation of a protrusion around the chromosomes, accumulation of protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) to the microtubules around the chromosomes, and assembly of a contractile ring at the neck region of the protrusion. Our method uses the intrinsic cytokinetic mechanism to exclude maternal chromatin from zygotes and may be applicable to other mammals.
Imaging evaluation of the cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis patients with an x-ray phase imaging apparatus based on Talbot-Lau interferometry
Authors: Yoshioka Hiroyuki , Kadono Yuho , Kim Yoon Taek , Oda Hiromi , Maruyama Takashi , Akiyama Yuji , Mimura Toshihide , Tanaka Junji , Niitsu Mamoru , Hoshino Yoshihide , Kiyohara Junko , Nishino Satoshi , Makifuchi Chiho , Takahashi Atsushi , Shinden Yuko , Matsusaka Norihiro , Kido Kazuhiro , Momose Atsushi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractX-ray Talbot-Lau interferometry is one of the x-ray phase imaging methods that has high sensitivity in depicting soft tissues. Unlike earlier x-ray phase imaging methods that required particular types of x-ray sources, such as a synchrotron or a micro-focus x-ray tube, x-ray Talbot-Lau interferometry enables to perform clinical x-ray phase imaging using a conventional x-ray source with a relatively compact configuration. We developed an apparatus to depict cartilage in the metacarpophalangeal joints of the hands. In addition, we examined the apparatus performance by applying it to healthy volunteers and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cartilage deformation, which is thought to be a precursor of destruction of the joints, was successfully depicted by the apparatus, suggesting a potential early diagnosis of RA.
Edge-subtraction X-ray ptychographic imaging with pink beam synchrotron radiation and a single photon-counting detector
Authors: Brun Francesco , Di Trapani Vittorio , Batey Darren , Cipiccia Silvia , Rau Christoph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present here a new method of performing X-ray edge-subtraction ptychographic imaging by combining multiple harmonics from an undulator synchtrotron source and an energy discriminating photon counting detector. Conventionally, monochromatic far-field X-ray ptychography is used to perform edge subtraction through the use of multiple monochromatic energy scans to obtain spectral information for a variety of applications. Here, we use directly the undulator spectrum from a synchrotron source, selecting two separate harmonics post sample using the Pixirad-1/Pixie-III detector. The result is two monochromatic images, above and below an absorption edge of interest. The proposed method is applied to obtain Au L-edge subtraction imaging of a Au-Ni grid test sample. The Au L-edge subtraction is particularly relevant for the identification of gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Switching the energy scan mechanism from a mechanical monochromator to an electronic detector threshold allows for faster spectral data collection with improved stability.
Hybridizing salamanders experience accelerated diversification
Authors: Patton Austin H. , Margres Mark J. , Epstein Brendan , Eastman Jon , Harmon Luke J. , Storfer Andrew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhether hybridization generates or erodes species diversity has long been debated, but to date most studies have been conducted at small taxonomic scales. Salamanders (order Caudata) represent a taxonomic order in which hybridization plays a prevalent ecological and evolutionary role. We employed a recently developed model of trait-dependent diversification to test the hypothesis that hybridization impacts the diversification dynamics of species that are currently hybridizing. We find strong evidence supporting this hypothesis, showing that hybridizing salamander lineages have significantly greater net-diversification rates than non-hybridizing lineages. This pattern is driven by concurrently increased speciation rates and decreased extinction rates in hybridizing lineages. Our results support the hypothesis that hybridization can act as a generative force in macroevolutionary diversification.
Dimethyl disulfide exerts antifungal activity against Sclerotinia minor by damaging its membrane and induces systemic resistance in host plants
Authors: Tyagi Swati , Lee Kui-Jae , Shukla Pratyoosh , Chae Jong-Chan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicrobial volatile compounds (MVCs) significantly influence the growth of plants and phytopathogens. However, the practical application of MVCs at the field level is limited by the fact that the concentrations at which these compounds antagonize the pathogens are often toxic for the plants. In this study, we investigated the effect of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), one of the MVCs produced by microorganisms, on the fitness of tomato plants and its fungicidal potential against a fungal phytopathogen, Sclerotinia minor. DMDS showed strong fungicidal and plant growth promoting activities with regard to the inhibition of mycelial growth, sclerotia formation, and germination, and reduction of disease symptoms in tomato plants infected with S. minor. DMDS exposure significantly upregulated the expression of genes related to growth and defense against the pathogen in tomato. Especially, the overexpression of PR1 and PR5 suggested the involvement of the salicylic acid pathway in the induction of systemic resistance. Several morphological and ultrastructural changes were observed in the cell membrane of S. minor and the expression of ergosterol biosynthesis gene was significantly downregulated, suggesting that DMDS damaged the membrane, thereby affecting the growth and pathogenicity of the fungus. In conclusion, the tripartite interaction studies among pathogenic fungus, DMDS, and tomato revealed that DMDS played roles in antagonizing pathogen as well as improving the growth and disease resistance of tomato. Our findings provide new insights into the potential of volatile DMDS as an effective tool against sclerotial rot disease.
Whole genome sequencing for mutation discovery in a single case of lysosomal storage disease (MPS type 1) in the dog
Authors: Mansour Tamer A. , Woolard Kevin D. , Vernau Karen L. , Ancona Devin M. , Thomasy Sara M. , Sebbag Lionel , Moore Bret A. , Knipe Marguerite F. , Seada Haitham A. , Cowan Tina M. , Aguilar Miriam , Titus Brown C. , Bannasch Danika L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a metabolic storage disorder caused by the deficiency of any lysosomal enzyme required for the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans. A 15-month-old Boston Terrier presented with clinical signs consistent with lysosomal storage disease including corneal opacities, multifocal central nervous system disease and progressively worsening clinical course. Diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy based on histopathologic evaluation of multiple organs demonstrating accumulation of mucopolysaccharides. Whole genome sequencing was used to uncover a frame-shift insertion affecting the alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) gene (c.19_20insCGGCCCCC), a mutation confirmed in another Boston Terrier presented 2 years later with a similar clinical picture. Both dogs were homozygous for the IDUA mutation and shared coat colors not recognized as normal for the breed by the American Kennel Club. In contrast, the mutation was not detected in 120 unrelated Boston Terriers as well as 202 dogs from other breeds. Recent inbreeding to select for recessive and unusual coat colors may have concentrated this relatively rare allele in the breed. The identification of the variant enables ante-mortem diagnosis of similar cases and selective breeding to avoid the spread of this disease in the breed. Boston Terriers carrying this variant represent a promising model for MPS I with neurological abnormalities in humans.
Integrative analysis of proteomic and metabonomics data for identification of pathways related to Rhizoma Paridis-induced hepatotoxicity
Authors: Zhao Chongjun , Wang Mingshuang , Huang Jianmei , Jia Zhe , Zhao Xia , Li Erwen , Wei Ziying , Dong Ying , Liu Wenxue , Han Ting , Liu Ying , Li Farong , Lin Ruichao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClinical reports on hepatotoxicity that arise from Rhizoma Paridis have recently received widespread attention. Because the hepatotoxicity mechanism is little understood, this research strived to investigate the hepatotoxicity mechanism of Rhizoma Paridis extracts based on iTRAQ quantitative proteomics and metabonomics. The extraction solutions were administrated to rats for 7 days by gavage, and the hepatotoxicity was assessed through quantification of biochemical indexes and Oil red O staining. Additionally, the mechanism of hepatotoxicity was investigated by metabonomics based upon GC-MS and iTRAQ quantitative proteomics. The biochemical and histopathological analysis stood out that Rhizoma Paridis extract could induce liver injury, which was proved by the formation of fat droplets, the changes of mitochondrial structure, and biochemical parameters. The iTRAQ proteomics and metabonomics revealed that Rhizoma Paridis-induced hepatotoxicity was chiefly connected with the abnormal activity of mitochondrion function, which brought about oxidative stress injuries and inflammation, finally causing cell apoptosis. Collectively, we have provided previously uncharacterized hepatotoxic mechanism induced by Rhizoma Paridis and a reference to ensure its safe use in the future.
A newly designed duodenoscope with detachable distal cap significantly reduces organic residue contamination after reprocessing
Authors: Ridtitid Wiriyaporn , Pakvisal Piyapoom , Chatsuwan Tanittha , J. Kerr Stephen , Tiankanon Kasenee , Piyachaturawat Panida , Mekaroonkamol Parit , Kongkam Pradermchai , Rerknimitr Rungsun 
Published: April 2020

Background A newly designed duodenoscope with detachable distal cap may reduce bacterial contamination by allowing better access to the elevator. We compared bacterial contamination and organic residue evaluated by rapid adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test and culture from duodenoscopes with detachable vs. fixed distal caps after high-level disinfection (HLD).
Methods During December 2018–April 2019, 108 used newly designed duodenoscopes were enrolled. In group A (n = 54), the distal cap of the duodenoscope was detached before manual cleaning. In group B (n = 54), the distal cap was not detached. After HLD, samples were collected from the elevator, submitted for culture, and evaluated using the ATP test, using the cutoff value of 40 relative light units (RLUs).
Results After HLD, the proportion of potential bacterial contamination and organic residue in group A was significantly lower than in group B (37.0 % vs. 75.9 %; P  < 0.001; relative risk 0.49, 95 % confidence interval 0.33–0.71), and also confirmed by median ATP values (45.2 vs. 141.0 RLU; P  < 0.001). In group B, one sample culture was positive for nonpathogenic bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria were not found in any culture from either group.
Conclusions The detachable distal cap was more effective at eliminating bacterial contamination and reducing organic residue than a fixed cap. Nonpathogenic bacteria were detected in the fixed cap group after reprocessing. The ATP test with 40 RLU cutoff is a practical method to ensure the cleanliness of duodenoscope reprocessing without the need to wait for bacterial culture results.