bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the duration of hospital stay after laparoscopic or open distal pancreatectomy: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Björnsson B , Larsson A Lindhoff , Hjalmarsson C , Gasslander T , Sandström P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Studies have suggested that laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) is advantageous compared with open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) regarding hospital stay, blood loss and recovery. Only one randomized study is available, which showed enhanced functional recovery after LDP compared with ODP.

Methods
Consecutive patients evaluated at a multidisciplinary tumour board and planned for standard distal pancreatectomy were randomized prospectively to LDP or ODP in an unblinded, parallel-group, single-centre superiority trial. The primary outcome was postoperative hospital stay.

Results
Of 105 screened patients, 60 were randomized and 58 (24 women, 41 per cent) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis; there were 29 patients of mean age 68 years in the LDP group and 29 of mean age 63 years in the ODP group. The main indication was cystic pancreatic lesions, followed by neuroendocrine tumours. The median postoperative hospital stay was 5 (i.q.r. 4–5) days in the laparoscopic group versus 6 (5–7) days in the open group (P = 0·002). Functional recovery was attained after a median of 4 (i.q.r. 2–6) versus 6 (4–7) days respectively (P = 0·007), and duration of surgery was 120 min in both groups (P = 0·482). Blood loss was less with laparoscopic surgery: median 50 (i.q.r. 25–150) ml versus 100 (100–300) ml in the open group (P = 0·018). No difference was found in the complication rates (Clavien–Dindo grade III or above: 4 versus 8 patients respectively). The rate of delayed gastric emptying and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula did not differ between the groups.

Conclusion
LDP is associated with shorter hospital stay than ODP, with shorter time to functional recovery and less bleeding. Registration number: ISRCTN26912858 (www.isrctn.com).
Inhalable bacteriophage powders: Glass transition temperature and bioactivity stabilization
Authors: Chang Rachel Yoon Kyung , Kwok Philip Chi Lip , Khanal Dipesh , Morales Sandra , Kutter Elizabeth , Li Jian , Chan Hak‐Kim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent heightened interest in inhaled bacteriophage (phage) therapy for combating antibacterial resistance in pulmonary infections has led to the development of phage powder formulations. Although phages have been successfully bioengineered into inhalable powders with preserved bioactivity, the stabilization mechanism is yet unknown. This paper reports the first study investigating the stabilization mechanism for phages in these powders. Proteins and other biologics are known to be preserved in dry state within a glassy sugar matrix at storage temperatures (Ts) at least ~50°C below the glass transition temperature (Tg). This is because at (Tg − Ts) >50°C, molecules are sufficiently immobilized with reduced reactivity. We hypothesized that this glass stabilization mechanism may also be applicable to phages comprising mostly of proteins. In this study, spray dried powders of Pseudomonas phage PEV20 containing lactose and leucine as excipients were stored at 5, 25 or 50°C and 15 or 33% relative humidity (RH), followed by assessment of bioactivity (PEV20 stability) and physical properties. PEV20 was stable with negligible titer loss after storage at 5°C/15% RH for 250 days, while storage at 33% RH caused increased titer losses of 1 log10 and 3 log10 at 5 and 25°C, respectively. The plasticizing effect of water at 33% RH lowered the Tg by 30°C, thus narrowing the gap between Ts and Tg to 19–28°C, which was insufficient for glass stabilization. In contrast, the (Tg − Ts) values were higher (range, 46–65°C) under the drier condition of 15% RH, resulting in the improved stability which corroborated with the vitrification hypothesis. Furthermore, phage remained stable (≤1 log10) when the (Tg − Ts) value lay between 26–48°C, but became inactivated as the value fell below 20°C. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that phage can be sufficiently stabilized in spray dried powders by keeping the (Tg − Ts) value above 46°C, thus supporting the vitrification hypothesis that phages are stabilized by immobilization inside a rigid glassy sugar matrix. These findings provide a guide to better manufacture and storage practices of inhaled phage powder products using for translational medicines.
Daily medical education for confined students during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A simple videoconference solution
Authors: Moszkowicz David , Duboc Henri , Dubertret Caroline , Roux Damien , Bretagnol Frédéric 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has recently spread globally and is now a pandemic. As a result, university hospitals have had to take unprecedented measures of containment, including asking nonessential staff to stay at home. Medical students practicing in the surgical departments find themselves idle, as nonurgent surgical activity has been canceled, until further notice. Likewise, universities are closed and medical training for students is likely to suffer if teachers do not implement urgent measures to provide continuing education. Thus, we sought to set up a daily medical education procedure for surgical students confined to their homes. We report a simple and free teaching method intended to compensate for the disappearance of daily lessons performed in the surgery department using the Google Hangouts application. This video conference method can be applied to clinical as well as anatomy lessons.
Development and external validation of a preoperative nomogram for predicting pathological locally advanced disease of clinically localized upper urinary tract carcinoma
Authors: Yoshida Takashi , Kobayashi Takashi , Kawaura Takayuki , Miyake Makito , Ito Katsuhiro , Okuno Hiroshi , Murota Takashi , Makita Noriyuki , Kawakita Mutsushi , Kawa Gen , Kitawaki Tomoki , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Shiina Hiroaki , Azuma Haruhito , Ogawa Osamu , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a preoperative nomogram to predict pathological locally advanced disease (pLAD) of clinically localized upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) treated with extirpative surgery.MethodsIn total, 1101 patients with cN0M0 UTUC (development cohort, n = 604; validation cohort, n = 497) from 2 independent academic databases were retrospectively analyzed. pLAD was defined as pT3/4 and/or pN+. Multivariate logistic regression was used to develop a nomogram. The accuracy of the nomogram was evaluated with a receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis.ResultsThe development and validation cohorts comprised 204 (33.8%) and 178 (35.8%) patients with pLAD, respectively. The multivariate analyses showed that the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (hazard ratio [HR], 2.27; P < .001), chronic kidney disease (HR, 1.56; P = .032), tumor location (HR, 1.60; P = .029), hydronephrosis (HR, 2.71; P < .001), and local invasion on imaging (HR, 8.59; P < .001) were independent predictive factors. After bootstrapping, a well‐calibrated nomogram achieved discriminative accuracy of 0.77 in the development cohort. The decision curve analysis demonstrated improved risk prediction against threshold probabilities (≥8%) of pLAD. These results were consistent in the validation cohort.ConclusionOur novel nomogram allows for more highly accurate prediction of pLAD of UTUC. This nomogram integrates standard imaging and laboratory factors that help to identify patients who will benefit from preoperative chemotherapy, extended lymph node dissection, or both.
Impact of chronic diseases on effect of breast cancer screening
Authors: Beau Anna‐Belle , Napolitano George M. , Ewertz Marianne , Vejborg Ilse , Schwartz Walter , Andersen Per K. , Lynge Elsebeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough breast cancer screening reduces breast cancer mortality at the population level, subgroups of women may benefit differently. We investigated the impact of health status on the effect of breast cancer screening.MethodsThe study included 181 299 women invited in two population‐based screening programs in Denmark and 1 526 446 control subjects, followed from April 1981 to December 2014. Poisson regressions were used to compare the observed breast cancer mortality rate in women invited to screening with the expected rate in the absence of screening among women with and without chronic diseases. Chronic diseases were defined as any diagnosis in the Charlson Comorbidity Index during 4 years before the first invitation to screening.ResultsAlmost 10% of women had chronic diseases before first invitation to screening. Whereas we observed a reduction in breast cancer mortality following invitation to screening of 28% (95% CI, 20% to 35%) among women without chronic diseases, only a 7% (95% CI, −39% to 37%) reduction was seen for women with chronic diseases (P‐value for interaction = .22). For participants, the reduction, corrected for selection bias, was 35% (95% CI 16% to 49%) for women without, and 4% (95% CI −146% to 62%) for women with chronic diseases (P‐value for interaction = .43).ConclusionOur data indicate a marginal effect of mammography screening on breast cancer mortality in women with chronic diseases. If our results are confirmed in other populations, the presence of chronic diseases will be an important factor to take into consideration in personalized screening.
A preliminary study of an online pain management programme for patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Yu Kai‐Ching , Lo Lap‐Yan , Lin Muriel , Cheung Yim , Wong Siu‐Sing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study was a preliminary attempt to develop and examine an online pain management programme incorporating mindfulness‐informed exercises (i.e. breathing and body scanning exercises) and CBT elements for ankylosing spondylitis patients. Thirty patients diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis participated in a five‐week online pain management programme, which was delivered primarily through a website. The materials covered by the website included breathing and body scanning exercises, mindful walking exercise, positive thinking and management of dysfunctional thinking. Each participant received instructions and reminders from a counselling psychologist through electronic communications each week. They completed the Brief Pain Inventory, Ryff's Psychological Well‐being Scale, Pain Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale‐Revised before and after the treatment programme. In addition, four face‐to‐face focus groups were conducted to yield supplementary qualitative findings. The overall results indicate that this online pain management programme can improve sleep quality and reduce pain interference and catastrophic responses to pain in ankylosing spondylitis patients, albeit being not very effective for mitigating the intensity of pain. Moreover, male and female patients can benefit equally from the online programme. Findings from the focus groups revealed some challenges faced by local patients when practising mindfulness‐informed exercises. Some solutions to those challenges were put forward in accordance with patients’ feedback.
Clinical impact of calcified nodule in patients with heavily calcified lesions requiring rotational atherectomy
Authors: Morofuji Toru , Kuramitsu Shoichi , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Jinnouchi Hiroyuki , Sonoda Shinjo , Domei Takenori , Hyodo Makoto , Shirai Shinichi , Ando Kenji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the incidence and clinical impact of calcified nodule (CN) in patients with heavily calcified lesions requiring rotational atherectomy (RA).BackgroundIt remains unclear whether CN impacts adversely on clinical outcomes in patients with heavily calcified lesions.MethodsBetween January 2011 and February 2014, 264 patients after second‐generation drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation following RA were retrospectively enrolled. CN was defined as a convex shape of the luminal side of calcium as assessed by intravascular ultrasound. The primary endpoint was the cumulative 5‐year incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiac death, clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CDTLR), and definite stent thrombosis (ST).ResultsCN was observed in 128 patients (48.5%) with heavily calcified lesions. Cumulative 5‐year incidence of MACE was significantly higher in the CN group than in the non‐CN group, mainly driven by a higher rate of CDTLR and ST (35.4% vs. 18.8%, p < .001; 23.2% vs. 7.9%, p < .001; 7.0% vs. 0.93%, p = .009, respectively). Independent risk factors of 5‐year MACE included hemodialysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.39, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.00–5.73, p < .001), CN (HR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.49–4.27, p < .001), ostial lesion (HR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.58–5.78, p = .001), left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% (HR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.27–3.70, p = .005), and right coronary artery lesion (HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.07–3.11, p = .03).ConclusionsCN was observed in 48.5% of heavily calcified lesions, resulting in unfavorable long‐term clinical outcomes after second‐generation DES implantation following RA.
A small‐scale rapid screening protocol for quality traits of durum wheat
Authors: Sissons Mike , Smit Jenny , Kadkol Gururaj , Sissons Shaylene 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesDurum breeders are interested in screening early‐generation lines for quality traits to eliminate low‐quality lines as soon as possible. However, this requires minimal sample usage and simple and discriminating tests. Due to insufficient quantities of sample available in the early stages of breeding process, a reliable and comprehensive evaluation of wheat functionality is needed. Moreover, this problem is further aggravated by the need to assess the quality of huge number of lines. This study describes a procedure to evaluate durum grain and wholemeal for key quality traits using rapid methods that have minimal sample requirements.FindingsIn this study, three new methods were developed to allow screening from limited amounts of grain (120 g). A new near‐infrared calibration to measure wet gluten from grain, an accurate prediction of semolina yellowness using wholemeal and a milling protocol using a Quadrumat Junior mill to predict Buhler semolina yield. Data provided by these new methods and other data proposed can be used to remove underperforming lines to reduce sample numbers for the next stage of yield trials and more detailed and costly testing for quality.ConclusionsTo improve the efficiency of selecting for quality in a durum breeding program where sample size is limited, new methods are described and validated on breeder's populations for quickly assessing wet gluten, yellowness, and milling potential.Significance and noveltyA protocol to rapidly evaluate lines for key grain characteristics, wet gluten, yellowness, and milling potential to supplement NIR and small‐scale dough tests is described from 120 g of grain which can be achieved in less than 1 hr/sample. This should assist durum breeders to efficiently cull lines showing inferior quality to check varieties.
Photocatalytic Reductive Defluorination of Fluorinated Compounds in Aqueous Alcohol Suspensions of a Metal‐loaded Titanium(IV) Oxide
Authors: Fukui Makoto , Tanaka Atsuhiro , Kominami Hiroshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSelective elimination of the fluorine element in organic fluorinated compounds under mild conditions is desired in order to resolve the environment and energy resource issues. Selective reductive defluorination of fluorine‐containing organic compounds in 2‐propanol‐water suspensions of metal‐loaded titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) photocatalysts is described in this paper. The effects of different types of metal co‐catalysts, adsorption behavior of fluorobenzene (FB), stoichiometry, redox balance, scope, chemoselectivity and reaction temperature were examined. Photocatalytic defluorination of FB occurred over platinum‐loaded TiO2 at room temperature, and benzene and fluoride ion were produced with a high stoichiometry without degradation of the benzene structure, while hydrogen (H2) production occurred as a competitive electron‐consuming reaction. A slight elevation in the reaction temperature greatly accelerated defluorination and suppressed H2 evolution, resulting in FB defluorination free from H2 production at 333 K. Kinetic parameters of FB defluorination and H2 evolution were determined, and the results obtained are explained on the basis of these parameters.
Synthesis and Binding of Mannose‐Specific Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors
Authors: Bravo M. Fernando , Palanichamy Kalanidhi , Shlain Milan A. , Schiro Frank , Naeem Yasir , Marianski Mateusz , Braunschweig Adam B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSynthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs) that selectively recognize cell‐surface glycans could be used for detection, drug delivery, or as therapeutics. Here we report the synthesis of seven newC2hsymmetric tetrapodal SCRs. The structures of these SCRs possess a conserved biaryl core, and they vary in the four heterocyclic binding groups that are linked to the biaryl core via secondary amines. Supramolecular association between these SCRs and five biologically relevant C1‐O‐octyloxy glycans, α/β‐glucoside (α/β‐Glc), α/β‐mannoside (α/β‐Man), and β‐galactoside (β‐Gal), was studied by mass spectrometry,1H NMR titrations, and molecular modeling. These studies revealed that selectivity can be achieved in these tetrapodal SCRs by varying the heterocyclic binding group. We found thatSCR017(3‐pyrrole),SCR021(3‐pyridine), andSCR022(2‐phenol) bind only toβ‐Glc. SCR019(3‐indole) binds only toβ‐Man. SCR020(2‐pyridine) bindsβ‐Manandα‐Manwith a preference to the latter.SCR018(2‐indole) bindsα‐Manandβ‐Galwith a preference to the former. The glycan guests bound within their SCR hosts in one of three supramolecular geometries: center‐parallel, center‐perpendicular, and off‐center. Many host–guest combinations formed higher stoichiometry complexes, 2:1glycan⋅SCRor 1:2glycan⋅SCR, where the former are driven by positive allosteric cooperativity induced by glycan–glycan contacts.
Self‐Immolation of a Bacterial Dehydratase Enzyme by its Epoxide Product
Authors: Lence Emilio , Maneiro María , Sanz‐Gaitero Marta , van Raaij Mark J. , Thompson Paul , Hawkins Alastair R. , González‐Bello Concepción 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDisabling the bacterial capacity to cause infection is an innovative approach that has attracted significant attention to fight against superbugs. A relevant target for anti‐virulence drug discovery is the type I dehydroquinase (DHQ1) enzyme. It was shown that the 2‐hydroxyethylammonium derivative 3 has in vitro activity since it causes the covalent modification of the catalytic lysine residue of DHQ1. As this compound does not bear reactive electrophilic centers, how the chemical modification occurs is intriguing. We report here an integrated approach, which involves biochemical studies, X‐ray crystallography and computational studies on the reaction path using combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics Umbrella Sampling Molecular Dynamics, that evidences that DHQ1 catalyzes its self‐immolation by transforming the unreactive 2‐hydroxyethylammonium group in 3 into an epoxide that triggers the lysine covalent modification. This finding might open opportunities for the design of lysine‐targeted irreversible inhibitors bearing a 2‐hydroxyethylammonium moiety as an epoxide proform, which to our knowledge has not been reported previously.
Interpretation of T‐wave inversion in physiological and pathological conditions: Current state and future perspectives
Authors: D'Ascenzi Flavio , Anselmi Francesca , Adami Paolo Emilio , Pelliccia Antonio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe presence of T‐wave inversion (TWI) at 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) in competitive athletes is one of the major diagnostic challenges for sports physicians and consulting cardiologists. Indeed, while the presence of TWI may be associated with some benign conditions and it may be occasionally seen in healthy athletes presenting signs of cardiac remodeling, it may also represent an early sign of an underlying, concealed structural heart disease or life‐threatening arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies, which may be responsible for exercise‐related sudden cardiac death (SCD). The interpretation of TWI in athletes is complex and the inherent implications for the clinical practice represent a conundrum for physicians. Accordingly, the detection of TWI should be viewed as a potential red flag on the ECG of young and apparently healthy athletes and warrants further investigations because it may represent the initial expression of cardiomyopathies that may not be evident until many years later and that may ultimately be associated with adverse outcomes. The aim of this review is, therefore, to report an update of the literature on TWI in athletes, with a specific focus on the interpretation and management.
Design of Hollow Nanofibrous Structures using Electrospinning: An Aspect of Chemical Sensor Applications
Authors: Cho Hee‐Jin , Kim Yoon Hwa , Park Seyeon , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChemical gas sensors have attracted much attention with the purposes of environmental hazardous gas detection and health monitoring via exhaled breath analysis. In particular, semiconducting metal oxide (SMO)‐based chemiresistors have been considered as one of the most attractive sensing platforms owing to its simple operation, low cost, ease of miniaturization and integration to mobile devices. However, SMO‐based sensors suffer from sluggish gas reactions and poor responses. To enhance their sensing characteristics, one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures with large surface area and high porosity are desired, since sensing reactions with analytes mainly occur at the surface of the sensing layers. In addition, uniform catalyst functionalization on SMO supports is beneficial in terms of gas response, reaction speed, and selectivity. In this review, we comprehensively highlight recent progresses on diverse hollow 1D nanofibrous structures prepared using a well‐reputed technique of electrospinning, and their unique morphological advantages as highly sensitive chemical sensing layers. Finally, future perspectives on the synthesis and sensing characterizations of hollow nanofibrous sensing materials functionalized with robust catalysts are discussed.