bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Architectural Schools’ Trends in Enhancing Identity of Architecture Between Local and International: The Department of Architecture at Baghdad University and Universities of Technology as case studies
Authors: Ramdan Anwar Subhi , Hamza Shaimaa M. , Ismael Nabil T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The architectural schools’ trends are essentially important on the life of the architectural designer, especially in the early years of graduation, as its effects appear in his/her designs since the period of study in those schools until after graduation, and contribute to the identification of architecture. This research seeks to highlight the importance of the academic identity of architectural schools in enhancing the identity of architecture associated with space and time in the era of globalization, through the nature of curricula, courses and teaching staff trends of a core substance representing the vision, mission and goals of the educational institution, which is reflected in the products of students and the qualifications of graduates within the professional practice. The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach of the previous studies and theses in identifying the various aspects for academic architectural identity. The research, therefore, investigates these aspects in the local reality through the Department of Architecture, University of Baghdad (DAUB), and the Department of Architecture, University of Technology (DAUT), as a model for architectural schools in Iraq. The research hypothesis is that the Academic Identity in any architectural department is determined by the degree of convergence/conformity of its courses and the teaching staff trends in it and the products of students with the vision, mission and goals set by that department that linked to the peculiarity of the architectural reality and its relationship to both place and time. The research found that the courses and the educational trends of the teaching staff of DAUB and DAUT were in line with the requirements of the department and the college, which gives the educational identity of both departments and matches with the vision, mission and goals of the department. The graduation projects for the fifth stage students in DAUB weren’t in line with the vision, mission and goals of the department, with a weakness of the existence of an academic architectural identity of architecture students compatible with the vision, mission and goals of the department. While most of the graduation projects of (DAUT) were in line with the vision, mission and goals of the department in the field of adopting contemporary architecture and the use of modern graphic techniques, but they miscarried in achieving a balance between the aesthetic, functional and performance aspects. The research recommends the essential increase of the courses in (DAUB) with subjects focusing on local, Arab and Islamic identity. Additionally, the focus of (DAUT) on increasing courses in the field of modern technologies in building materials and construction and architectural graphic.
Activating The Mechanisms of Spatial Organization in Integration Traditional and Modern Districts in Baghdad City
Authors: Fadhil Raghad A , Al-Kaissi Kameelah A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The modern growth of Baghdad city has affected many traditional parts, which are neglected due to multiple factors. Such as the change of urban planning, and making new buildings regardless of the traditional city. The research showed that Baghdad’s historical center had grown through four stages since its establishment, during that time city’s structure have been changed. Such as the change of main paths that became parallel to the river instead of being perpendicular to it, besides the change in the use of many traditional buildings. These factors led to the problem of losing city’s identity. So, research problem is “the need to integrate the original traditional parts with the modern parts of Baghdad city”. The research assumes the capability of spatial organization principles to achieve this integration. This will be verified by analyzing the development proposal of “Jadeed Hassn Pasha” district as a case study, according to the principles of urban theorists such as: Lynch, Rossi, Salingaros, etc., in order to accomplish the research aim of exploring the most effective principle that could be used to maintain city’s identity. The research has reached to a preliminary result that all of integration principles are important, but it depends on each district to concentrate on each principle.
Physical Visual Properties of Domestic Space that affects on the Degree of Choice for Occupations Daily Activities Isovist-Graph of contemporary houses in Mosul city
Authors: Younis Ghada M. , Al-dabbagh Asma H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The specific patterns of everyday life in the domestic space vary according to the cultures of the people, which are reflected in the variation of houses designs in terms of size, number and pattern of their basic spaces, as well as spatial relations between them. The domestic space is the basic space unit of the dwelling, the daily life of this space is based mainly on the social beliefs and customs practiced by the family in human society. The problem of research in determining the local privacy of the domestic space Within the context of the contemporary local houses and what the domestic space creates possibilities, determinants, and obstacles that determine the types, patterns and periods of daily activities of the Iraqi family. The aim of the research was to arrive at the effect of the visual properties of the domestic space (the vision plan) on the degree of choice that space provides for the daily activities of the whole family and at any time intervals. The nature of this relationship was investigated in a practical study of a sample of contemporary local dwellings and using (Depth Map 10) software application to measure the size of the vision plans of their schemas, given that the visual structure of the household space enhances the structure of space permeability with each other.
The impact of the public good for the tactical urbanism practices on the contemporary urban scene
Authors: Hinthel S K , Hussein Sh H , Aldabbagh J A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The urban scene of contemporary cities suffers from modern urban transformations that threaten the structure and shape of urban centers. Thus, it is necessary to show the impact of these practices on the urban reality of the urban scene and the importance of handling these practices to create a more sustainable urban image for cities. The research focuses on the study of the Integrative relationship between the public good and the temporary tactical practices of the city that clearly affect the formulation of the contemporary urban scene. The research reflects the clear impact of urban tactical practices on a part that is consistent with the public good of shaping the urban scene of the modern city in relation to urban sustainability. The research is divided into two main features. The first feature focuses on developing the theoretical framework of the key research terms and highlighting its most important indications. The second feature includes the analysis of a number of local projects to test the research indicators. The final part of the research is the main conclusions and recommendations.
Active housing design that supports health
Authors: Mahdi Rana Mazin , Al-Kaissi Kameelah A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The research addresses the concept of active housing design and recent advocates of health. There is sufficient health evidence show changes in neighborhoods, streets, and buildings design encourage physical activity regularly, as a part of people’s daily lives can be part of the solution to reduce risk factors and diseases. Inhibition of harmful behavior is an effective way to promote physical activity and encourage dynamic response is the most important in architecture. Therefore, interventions that promote physical activity are always accompanied by the addition of spatial value, and the built environment exerts potent effects on our health and well-being. As a result, the city had made a significant effort to encourage an integrated, small and connected community to increase opportunities for active transport, to reduce trip times between destinations and provide many recreational opportunities. A renewed understanding of these humanitarian needs to design buildings that influence behavioral patterns, design can discourage stable and passive behavior and it can enhance the attractiveness of healthy choices, building design has a significant impact on physical health, this understanding is not surprising because we spend most of our time at home.
Urban Infill as a Tool to Activate the Quality of Life in Traditional Cities
Authors: Al Shamarti Ami T , Al Shammari Haitham A H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The research is based on the question of how can traditional cities cope with the demands of contemporary life? As the high efficiency of urban life in traditional cities or the so-called quality of life is the intended purpose of this paper. This goal can only be achieved by activating the health, social, economic and urban aspects of the place through prudent urban interventions in these environments. The research hypothesis confirms that urban infill projects, including deletions and additions, can improve the quality of life in these cities. Thus, the research problem summarizes the lack of studies dealing with improving the quality of life in traditional environments, which suffer from forced removal projects of some or all of the old tissue, and the difficulty of communicating with the requirements of contemporary life. The research was based on studying the phenomenon and making questionnaires for the study area of the old city of Najaf. Then, obtain conclusions that confirmed the research hypothesis and based on indicators that can be adopted to activate the quality of life in traditional cities.
Color coding for Disaster Risk level in urban environments
Authors: Ahmed N O , Alshamari H A H , Ibraheem D F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Reducing risks and coping with disasters in contemporary cities has become a necessity when dealing with urban systems at different levels. The problem of the research focuses on the weakness of information and indicators available in urban maps related to preparedness for disasters and their potential risks. The paper aims at establishing risk levels and coding them in color codes and assuming that they can be marked on the basic maps, introduced and represented within the GIS program, and used in providing the necessary information for preparedness and response to disasters. The question is (how to denote the level of seriousness and threat of disasters in contemporary cities and what are the indicators included in this coding?). Hence, the hypothesis refers to “prediction of disaster occurrence depends on many factors interact with each other to form one colored structure” while the methodology was based on the creation of an evaluation matrix that includes influential indicators in the prediction or occurrence of the disaster and its consequences. The study of the city was taken Baghdad as a case study, The results showed the disparity of risk ratios in urban environments within the city of Baghdad, and opens the door to represent those risks on maps to be a reference for each urban intervention or disaster management policy or any study or procedures that require that information.
Effect of Counterterrorism on Public Space Performance: A Syntactical Analysis of Al-Kadhimiya City
Authors: Hameed Dhiaa , Hussain Shaimaa , Abrahem Samah A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of counterinsurgency strategies on the efficiency and performance of public spaces within the context of Al-Kadhimiya city. The methodological approach relied on space syntax-Depthmap X to perform a syntactical comparative analysis of two morphological phases for the years 2003 and 2007 of the case study. These two phases represent the spatial accessibility before and after the application of various counterterrorism strategies. The syntactical analysis encompassed the values of integration, connectivity, choice, and control within the spatial system in order to analyse the networking attributes of public spaces. The analysis results indicated that the counterterrorism strategies have reduced the spatial networking and accessibility of public spaces within Al-Kadhimiya city.
Assessing the resilience of a city in relation to its healthy urban systems: a case study of Baghdad city
Authors: Al-saati Hayam , Rebwar Ibrahim , Al-Saati Nabeel. H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This research investigates the relationship between city resilience and its urban systems. The study determines the efficiency of a healthy urban system as one of a main characteristic in achieving a compatible resilient city. Most of the current studies are theoretical and suggest pathways and procedures that are beyond virtual practices. Healthy urban systems are suggested to link human well-being with the effectiveness of the city infra-structure and municipal services. These services are associated with the drinking water supply, sewage disposal, garbage system, and adequacy of the transport system. Many recent approaches have agreed on the importance of these elements related to resilience. However, any involvement in operation of these elements may lead to all types of pollution. This may eventually affect the nature of the urban system and reduce the city’s resilience to pressure and disasters. The study intends to explore this relationship in the city of Baghdad. This city has faced accelerated disasters for many years. The research attempts to determine the resilience pathway of Baghdad and investigate its ability based on its urban system. The research concludes that sound healthy urban systems are one of the most effective pathways to achieve resilience in the city of Baghdad. Introduction.
The effect of self-efficacy on academic engagement and its role in building the architectural character
Authors: Abdulwahhab Mayyadah L , Hashim Basim H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This research aimed at identifying the self-efficacy and its role to build the architectural character of a sample of students from the Department of Architecture Engineering in Al-Mustansiriya University and its impact on academic engagement to achieve achievement and enhance results, as the belief of the students of the Department of Architecture with their self-efficacy and their effective ability to possess the skills that qualify them to integrate academically according to features related to In the behavioral, cognitive and emotional aspect, their empowerment and empowerment in managing their learning process qualifies them for engagement and active participation in the architecture community. Practical results indicated a positive relationship between students ’effectiveness and their sense of responsibility towards their studies and academic achievement through the process of academic engagement.
Prediction of Bio-Polymer Characteristics by Applying Rentato Panelli Mathematical Model
Authors: Mousa Al-Ibraheemi Zahraa A , Mahdi Ali Basim , Taip F S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recently, the intense interest for bio-polymer for biomedical applications has gone up. This interest was due to patients researchers, and the medical world seeking for effective solutions to their serious challenges, such as the need to repair or, replace, substitute organs or tissues. In current article, Rentato Panelli mathematical equation utilize to understand and track parameters refer to a physical significant, deformation nature and shape memory degree and of two types of bio-polymer derivative mixtures, Avicel 102 and Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG). Panelli constants were stated by using combination of two, known, bio polymer in term of deformation and shape memory specifications to validate of the equation parameters to predict this characteristics for unknown materials which may be part of human body or cardiovascular artificial parts. Constants and coefficients for equation measured by applying low pressure ranging from 15 to 75 Mpa. The issues emerging from the findings relate specifically to depth in-die analysis. The most interesting findings was the Panelli equation parameters are perfectly valid in representing bio-polymer characteristics under stress. These parameters and characteristics are able to assess the features of the bio-polymer which sometimes become beyond the scope unless defined by using specific instrumentation. In addition, these parameters can decide the applied pressure that achieve particular density in the manufacturing conditions. These parameters determine process conditions that produce desired biomedical engineering application as bio ink for 3D printing, artificial organs, and drug delivery system which is difficult or rather impossible without use classical methods.
Optimizing the micro-hardness of a surface by magnetic abrasive finishing
Authors: Nahy Ali Majid , Kadhum Ali H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work, the effect of different viscosities of an oil in magnetic abrasive finishing process (MAF) is analysed. The material specifically chosen for experimentation is Brass alloy (CuZn). The surface of the Brass alloy in this study was exposed to different tests during which key parameters were altered. In order to keep the objectives of this study aligned the list of parameters was limited to six. The six parameters were: Viscosity;Quantity of the powder (doze);Distance between pole and the work piece;Pole diameter;Pole rotational speed and Current. The choice of parameters was based on the Taguchi orthogonal array (OA), with three levels of variance for each parameter. To determine the signal to noise ratio (S/N) and to obtain the optimum condition of micro hardness, Hv, the statistical software (MINITAB 17) was used. The experimentation was repeated with and without oil to identify the significant parameters affecting the micro hardness level (Hv).
An artificial blood, electron microscope image, support, principles, benefits, and fusion methods: a review
Authors: Al-Neami Auns Q , Shalal Noor S , Rasheed Khawla H 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver several decades, artificial blood become an important thing to develop in order to save life of many people because the main blood function in the body is the transporting oxygen to body’s tissue and carries carbon dioxide to the lung, protecting the body against bacteria and viruses, dominance of bleeding, in addition to proteins and water found in it. This review paper presents the studies for systems that have been used for manufacturing artificial blood and their side effects. Also include the recent studies and articles that discussing the development in artificial blood to make it closer to normal blood and more compatible with body and have many characteristics as those of native RBCs.
An Experimental Investigation to Redesign A Pacemaker Training Board for Educational Purposes
Authors: Al-Sharify Noor T. , Raheem Rzaij Dina , Majid Nahi Zainab , Al-Sharify Zainab T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An artificial pacemaker is a medical device that can generate electrical impulses which are delivered by electrodes to maintain the controlled rhythm of the heartbeats. Such a medical device can assist for extensive period of time and thereby regulates the pumping capacity of the heart. Usually, the need for a permanent pacemaker implantation arises from the occurrence of cardiac diseases such as failure of impulse formation (sick sinus syndrome) and/or conduction (A-V block). Functionally, a pacemaker comprises of at least three parts: an electrical pulse generator, a power source (battery) and an electrode (lead) system. This paper aims to provide a design of the trainer board of a typical pacemaker, which generates a QRS pulse and displays it on an oscilloscope which will help understand the basic components of the device for educational purposes. To do so, an extensive literature review was undertaken to comprehend the theory behind the design of a pacemaker. Further, the paper describes the practical methodology adopted in the design of the pacemaker and the achieved results of this study while making suggestions for future work.
Discrepancies in Rheological Properties of Modified Asphalt Cement
Authors: Abed Yasameen Hadi , Khudhair Yousif Abdulmohsin , Alhaddad Abdulhaq Hadi Abedali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
DSR device was used to investigate the variations in linear and non-linear viscoelastic limitations with both pure and polymer modified asphalt film binders.
Different test temperatures and strain rates were used to measure the change in the rheological response of the thin film of different asphalt binders and determine the variations in rheological data due to non-linear impacts by using dynamic properties of asphalt binder and phase anlage.
The experimental results showed that the addition of SBS modifier to asphalt binder increased the viscous part of complex shear modulus and then increased dissipated energy for Durah asphalt cement vice versa Nasiriyah asphalt cement. Also, the SBS addition decreased in variations of the viscous part of complex shear modulus due to the decrease in phase angle.
Response of sorghum varieties to the ratoon cultivation 1-Growth characteristics
Authors: Al-Taweel Sudad K. , Najm Edrees S. , Cheyed Saddam H. , Snaa Q. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Previous studies that sorghum ratoon differs in its performance when compared with the plants resulted from direct seeding and differed varieties, therefore, afield trial was conducted in spring and fall seasons of 2017 at the field of Field Crop-College of Agriculture-University of AL-Anbar (a Hernative site-Abu-Graib) to investigate the response of five sorghum varieties (Inqath, Lilo, Ishtar, Boohooth 70 and Caffier) to the ratoon cultivation. Results indicated that cultivation pattern affected most studied characters significantly. Plants of ratoon gave the highest values of number of days to the 75% flowering, number of tillers, green forage yield and less concentration of HCN (66.15 day, 21.40 tiller m−2, 8.75 t ha-1 and 54.64%), respectively compared with the direct seeding method. However, plants of direct seeding gave the highest averages of plant higher and leaf area (191.36 cm and 4910 cm2), respectively. Varieties were significantly different in their performance for all studied characters. Boohooth 70 was superior in number of days to the 75% flowering, plant height, leaf area, number of tillers, green forge yield and dry forge yield (59.75 days, 240.8 cm, 4554 cm2, 19.00 tiller m−2, 12.73 t ha−1 and 55.10%), respectively. However, Caffier gave the lowest concentration of HCN (58.67%).
A new approach for load flow solution based on a two-step iterative technique
Authors: Al-Anbarri K A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A new approach for solving load flow problem in power system is developed. The presented method is based on a two-step predictor-corrector technique for solving nonlinear equation using the weight combination of mid-point, trapezoidal quadrature formula. The proposed method is applied on typical test systems. The bus voltages are represented by polar and rectangular coordinates system. The results presented show that the convergence of the proposed method is faster than the conventional Newton-Raphson method.