bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cholestasis after very preterm birth was associated with adverse neonatal outcomes but no significant long‐term liver disease: A population‐based study
Authors: Teng Jonas , Bohlin Kajsa , Nemeth Antal , Fischler Björn 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo describe outcome linked to neonatal cholestasis in a defined cohort of very preterm infants.MethodsPopulation‐based retrospective case‐control study of preterm infants, gestational age <30 weeks, surviving for 28 days, in Stockholm County. Cholestasis was defined as conjugated bilirubin ≥30 μmol/L exceeding 20% of total level at least twice and graded as high if exceeding 100 μmol/L. Cholestatic cases were matched on gestational week with two non‐cholestatic controls.ResultsThe incidence rate of cholestasis was 37/250 (14.8%), with increasing rates in lower gestational weeks. Perinatal factors associated with cholestasis were pre‐eclampsia and being born small for gestational age. Cholestatic infants had three times more bronchopulmonary dysplasia and eight times more retinopathy of prematurity. The mortality was 13.5% in cholestatic infants versus 2.7% in controls (P = .040). All deceased cholestatic infants had high‐grade cholestasis. No surviving infants developed chronic liver disease by 10 years of age.ConclusionCholestasis was common in very preterm infants and linked to disease severity and adverse outcome. Cholestasis may be an independent risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and retinopathy of prematurity and more severe cholestasis associated with increased mortality. Cholestasis was not associated with chronic liver disease later in childhood.
Osmium absorption after osmium tetroxide skin and eye exposure
Authors: Friedova Natalie , Pelclova Daniela , Obertova Nikola , Lach Karel , Kesslerova Katerina , Kohout Pavel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOsmium tetroxide is a strong oxidizing agent used in electron microscopy. Eye exposure may cause severe burns, and after inhalation or ingestion damage to the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract occurs. Exposure to osmium and its compounds is extremely rare. We present a case of a 32‐year‐old female stained by 9 mL of 2% osmium tetroxide in acetone during an accident in the laboratory, with rare dermal and ocular findings. Due to lack of data in toxicological databases and the absence of antidote, the therapy was symptomatic. Osmium was detected in serum 19 hours later (0.22 μg/L) and in urine during the 15‐hour collection (three samples—7.05, 1.65 and 8.45 μg/L). In blood serum on admission, after 1 and 2 days after exposure, the levels of iron (28.2, 39.8 and 50.5 μmol/L; reference range 5.8‐34.5 μmol/L) and transferrin receptor/ferritine were elevated. To our knowledge, this is the first paper documenting a significant absorption from the skin and potentially from the eye conjunctiva, based on serum and urine analysis. The relationship between increased iron in blood and exposure has not been described yet, and the mechanism remains unknown. The patient is being followed up for the unknown long‐term effects.
Management of lithium dosing around delivery: An observational study
Authors: Molenaar Nina M. , Poels Eline M. P. , Robakis Thalia , Wesseloo Richard , Bergink Veerle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesRecommendations on lithium dosing around delivery vary, with several guidelines suggesting that lithium should be discontinued prior to delivery. We aimed to evaluate the validity of these recommendations by investigating 1) maternal lithium blood level changes following delivery, and 2) the association between neonatal lithium blood levels at delivery and neonatal outcomes.MethodsIn this retrospective observational cohort study, we included women with at least one lithium blood level measurement during the final week of pregnancy and the first postpartum week. For aim 2, we included a subcohort of women with neonates for whom neonatal lithium blood levels (obtained from the umbilical cord or a neonatal vein puncture within 24 hours of delivery) were available.ResultsThere were a total of 233 maternal lithium blood level measurements; 55 (23.6%) in the week before delivery and 178 (76.4%) in the week after. There was no association between time and lithium blood level/dose ratio (Pearson correlation coefficient −0.03, P = .63). Additionally, we included a total of 29 neonates for whom a lithium measurement was performed within 24 hours postpartum. Maternal and neonatal lithium blood levels were strongly correlated. We observed no associations between neonatal lithium blood levels at delivery and neonatal outcomes.ConclusionBased on our findings, we do not recommend lowering the dosage or discontinuation of lithium prior to delivery. Stable dosing can prevent subtherapeutic lithium serum levels, which is especially important in the postpartum period when relapse risks are highest.
Novel µ opioid antagonists derived from the µ opioid agonists endomorphin and [Dmt1]DALDA (H‐Dmt‐D‐Arg‐Phe‐Lys‐NH2)
Authors: Shi Saijian , Xu Jian , Feng LingLing , Fan Xin , Chen Zhen , Qin Yajuan , Chung Nga N. , Li Tingyou , Schiller Peter W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHybrid analogues of the µ opioid agonists endomorphin and [Dmt1]DALDA (H‐Dmt‐D‐Arg‐Phe‐Lys‐NH2, Dmt = 2′,6′‐dimethyltyrosine) containing cis‐4‐amino‐Pro, trans‐4‐amino‐Pro, cis‐4‐aminoethyl‐Pro or cis‐4‐guanidinylethyl‐Pro in the 2 position of the peptide sequence were synthesized. None of the compounds retained high µ opioid agonist activity and, unexpectedly, substitution of cis‐4‐amino‐Pro resulted in a novel class of potent µ opioid antagonists. In particular, the compound H‐Dmt‐cis‐4‐amino‐Pro‐Trp‐Lys‐NH2 (CZ‐1) turned out to be a highly selective µ opioid antagonist with ~1 nM µ receptor binding affinity.
Cumulative socio‐contextual risk and child abuse potential in parents of young children: Can social support buffer the impact?
Authors: McGoron Lucy , Riley Moira R. , Scaramella Laura V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChild abuse potential refers to characteristics and practices closely linked to child abuse. Past investigations document that the number of risk factors parents experience is a correlate of child abuse potential. The purpose of this investigation was to test a model with multiple domains of risk including cumulative socio‐contextual risk, parenting locus of control, children's externalizing behaviour problems, social support, and child abuse potential. Using self‐report data from 87 mothers of children between the ages of 1 and 5 years old, bivariate correlations and linear regression analyses revealed that cumulative socio‐contextual risk was positively associated with child abuse potential and that this association remained statistically significant when controlling for parenting locus of control and child externalizing behaviour problems. Additionally, social support moderated the association between cumulative risk and child abuse potential.
A nationwide database study on colectomy and colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: what is the role of appendectomy?
Authors: Stellingwerf M. E. , Bemelman W.A. , Löwenberg M. , Ponsioen C. Y. , D'Haens G. R. , van Dieren S. , Buskens C. J. ,   the Parelsnoer Institute, the Dutch Initiative on Crohn, Colitis*a
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimAlthough has been suggested that an appendectomy has a positive effect on the disease course in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), recent studies indicate a potential increase in risk of colectomy and colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to evaluate the rates of colectomy and CRC after appendectomy in UC patients using a nationwide prospective database [the Initiative on Crohn and Colitis Parelsnoer Institute – Inflammatory Bowel Disease (ICC PSI‐IBD) database].MethodAll UC patients were retrieved from the ICC PSI‐IBD database between January 2007 and May 2018. Primary outcomes were colectomy and CRC. Outcomes were compared in patients with and without appendectomy, with a separate analysis for timing of appendectomy (before or after UC diagnosis).ResultsA total of 826 UC patients (54.7% female; median age 46 years, range 18–89 years) were included. Sixty‐three (7.6%) patients had previously undergone appendectomy: 24 (38.1%) before and 33 (52.4%) after their diagnosis of UC. In multivariate analysis, appendectomy after UC diagnosis was associated with a significantly lower colectomy rate compared with no appendectomy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.16, 95% C: 0.04–0.66, P = 0.011], and the same nonsignificant trend was seen in patients with an appendectomy before UC diagnosis (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.08–1.41, P = 0.138). Appendectomy was associated with delayed colectomy, particularly when it was performed after diagnosis of UC (P = 0.009). No significant differences were found in the CRC rate between patients with and without appendectomy (1.6% vs 1.2%; P = 0.555).ConclusionAppendectomy in established UC is associated with an 84% decreased risk of colectomy and a delay in surgery. Since the colon is in situ for longer, the risk of developing CRC remains, which underscores the importance of endoscopic surveillance programmes.
Screening for rheumatic heart disease: The reliability of anterior mitral valve leaflet thickness measurement
Authors: Hunter Luke D. , Lombard Carl J. , Monaghan Mark J. , Lloyd Guy W. , Franckeiss Brandon M. , Pecoraro Alfonso J.K. , Doubell Anton F. , Herbst Philip G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies determining the reliability of the World Heart Federation (WHF) anterior mitral valve leaflet (AMVL) measurement are limited by the introduction of bias in their test‐retest analyses. This study sought to determine the reliability of the current AMVL measurement while controlling for systematic bias.MethodsRetrospective analysis of echocardiographic data from 16 patients with previous acute rheumatic fever was performed. Included in this study was an optimized cine loop of the mitral valve (MV) [reader‐optimized measurement (ROM]) in the parasternal long‐axis view and an optimized still image of the MV obtained from the same cine loop [specialist‐optimized image (SOI)]. Each still image and associated cine loop was quadruplicated and randomized to determine intra‐ and inter‐rater agreement and quantify the impact of zoom on AMVL measurement.ResultsSpecialist‐optimized image without zoom reflected the highest degree of agreement in both cohorts with an ICC of 0.29 and 0.46. The agreement in ROM images without zoom was ICC of 0.23 and 0.45. The addition of zoom to SOI decreased agreement further to an ICC of 0.20 and 0.36. The setting associated with the poorest agreement profile was ROI with zoom with an ICC of 0.13 and 0.34, respectively. The intra‐rater agreement between readers in both cohorts was moderate across all settings with an ICC ranging between 0.64 and 0.86.ConclusionsThe WHF AMVL measurement is only moderately repeatable within readers and demonstrates poor reproducibility that was not improved by the addition of a zoom‐optimized protocol. Given our study findings, we cannot advocate the current WHF AMVL measurement as a reliable assessment for RHD.
First episode psychosis: A comparison of caregiving appraisals in parents caring for the same child
Authors: Onwumere Juliana , Wilson Sophie , Billings Jo , Brown Lucy , Floyd Caroline , Widuch Kaja , Lyons Natasha , Man Lai Chu , James Gareth , Afsharzadegan Roya , Khan Sanna , Padayatchi Mellisha , Souray Jonathan , Raune David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe first onset of psychosis can be a traumatic event for diagnosed individuals but can also impact negatively on their families. Little is known about how parents of the same child make sense of the illness. In mothers and fathers caring for the same child with early psychosis, the current study assessed their similarities and differences in key areas of their caregiving role.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional design, parental pairs caring for the same child treated within an early intervention in psychosis service, completed self‐report measures on their caregiving experiences, illness beliefs, coping styles and affect.ResultsData from 44 mothers and fathers were analysed. Analyses confirmed that parents reported similar levels of emotional dysfunction and conceptualized the illness in broadly similar ways with regard to what they understood the illness to be, their emotional reactions to the illness, perceived illness consequences and beliefs about treatment. Significant differences were identified in their beliefs about the timeline of the illness and reported approaches to coping.ConclusionsWith exception of beliefs about illness timeline and an expressed preference for use of emotion‐based coping, parent caregivers of the same child in early psychosis services are likely to report similar illness beliefs and caregiving reactions. Efforts to ensure staff awareness of the potential areas of divergence in parental caregiving appraisals and exploring the implications of the divergence for the caregiving relationship and patient outcomes are indicated.
Intrinsic activity temporal structure reactivity to behavioural state change is correlated with depressive symptoms
Authors: Duncan Niall W. , Hsu Tzu‐Yu , Cheng Paul Z. , Wang Hsin‐Yi , Lee Hsin‐Chien , Lane Timothy J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe brain's intrinsic activity plays a fundamental role in its function. In normal conditions this activity is responsive to behavioural context, changing as an individual switches between directed tasks and task‐free conditions. A key feature of such changes is the movement of the brain between corresponding critical and sub‐critical states, with these dynamics supporting efficient cognitive processing. Breakdowns in processing efficiency can occur, however, in brain disorders such as depression. It was therefore hypothesised that depressive symptoms would be related to reduced intrinsic activity responsiveness to changes in behavioural state. This was tested in a mixed group of major depressive disorder patients (n = 26) and healthy participants (n = 37) by measuring intrinsic EEG activity temporal structure, quantified with detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), in eyes‐closed (EC) and eyes‐open task‐free states and contrasting between the conditions. The degree to which DFA values changed between the states was found to correlate negatively with depressive symptoms. DFA values did not differ between states in those with higher symptom levels, meaning that the brain remained in a less flexible sub‐critical condition. This sub‐critical condition in the EC state was further found to correlate with levels of maladaptive rumination. This may reflect a general cognitive inflexibility resulting from a lack in neural activity reactivity that may predispose people to overly engage in self‐directed attention. These results provide an initial link between intrinsic activity reactivity and psychological features found in psychiatric disorders.
The special issue on cancer and evolution: Lessons learned
Authors: DeGregori James 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis special issue of evolutionary applications focused on the evolution of cancer has provided a wealth of different viewpoints and results from leaders in the field. Together, these papers emphasize the importance of a broad perspective in order to understand why we and other animals get cancer, how it evolves within an individual, and what we can do about it. We can no longer take reductionist approaches that consider only the cancer cells and their genes. Instead, we need to understand how millions of years of evolution have guided strategies that shape cancer risk, why cancer risk varies across different animals, how cancer risk can vary in a population and be influenced by ecology (and influence this ecology), and of course how cancers evolve within us and the evolutionarily informed strategies to counter their impact. My goal here will be to “bring it all home,” providing a refresher of lessons learned with added kibitzing.
Interdisciplinary communication and collaboration as key to improved nutritional care of malnourished older adults across health‐care settings – A qualitative study
Authors: Verwijs Marije H. , Puijk‐Hekman Saskia , van der Heijden Ellen , Vasse Emmelyne , de Groot Lisette C. P. G. M. , de van der Schueren Marian A. E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is a risk factor for impaired functionality and independence. For optimal treatment of malnourished older adults (OA), close collaboration and communication between all stakeholders involved (OA, their caregivers and health‐care and welfare professionals) is important. This qualitative study assesses current collaboration and communication in nutritional care over the continuum of health‐care settings and provides recommendations for improvement.MethodsEleven structured focus group interviews and five individual interviews took place in three regions across the Netherlands from November 2017 until February 2018, including OA, caregivers and health‐care and welfare professionals. Various aspects of collaboration and communication between all stakeholders were discussed. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach.ResultsSix main themes emerged: causes of malnutrition, knowledge and awareness, recognition and diagnosis of malnutrition, communication, accountability and food preparation and supply. Physical and social aspects were recognized as important risk factors for malnutrition. Knowledge and awareness regarding malnutrition were acknowledged as being insufficient among all involved. This may impair timely recognition and diagnosis. Responsibility for nutritional care and its communication to other disciplines are low. Food preparation and supply in hospitals, rehabilitation centres and home care are below expected standards.ConclusionMany stakeholders are involved in nutritional care of OA, and lack of communication and collaboration hinders continuity of nutritional care over health‐care settings. Lack of knowledge is an important risk factor. Establishing one coordinator of nutritional care is suggested to improve collaboration and communication across health‐care settings.
Large‐scale synthesis and growth mechanism of boron nitride nanocomposite assembled by nanosheets and nanotubes
Authors: Wang Heng , Xu Man , Ping Hang , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBoron nitride nanocomposites assembled by nanosheets and nanotubes can exert multi‐dimensional synergistic toughening and strengthening effects. This material is expected to be a high‐efficiency reinforcement additive in advanced structural ceramics. In this study, we designed a universal method for synthesizing gram‐scale boron nitride nanocomposites by annealing the precursor containing catalyst in chemical vapor deposition equipment under flowing ammonia, and a combined growth mechanism of surface‐diffusion and solid‐liquid‐solid is proposed. The boron nitride nanosheets were initially formed by a surface‐diffusion reaction between boron trioxide and ammonia at 1300°C. At elevated temperatures (1400°C‐1500°C), the boron nitride nanotubes grew in‐situ from the nanosheets in the presence of catalysts through a solid‐liquid‐solid mechanism, forming the desired boron nitride nanocomposite.
MoS2 co‐catalyst sensitized 3D TiO2/CdS photoanodes with enhanced photoelectrochemical performances
Authors: Li Hongxia , Cheng Mingliang , Zhang Jian , Liu Xianguo , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRegulating morphology and constructing heterojunctions to enhance the light absorption and boost the separation of electrons and holes are common and effective means to boost the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performances of TiO2 photoanodes. In this study, TiO2 nanoflowers (NFs)/CdS quantum dots (QDs)/MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) hybrids with two type II band alignments were synthesized by facile hydrothermal, successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction, and dipping methods, respectively. The effects of different amount of MoS2 co‐catalysts on CdS decorated TiO2 photoanodes were investigated. TiO2 NFs/CdS QDs/MoS2 NSs hybrids showed dramatically enhanced PEC performance, especially under visible light illumination. The photocurrent density of TiO2 NFs/CdS QDs/MoS2‐50 was more than 10 times higher than that of TiO2 NFs/CdS QDs. This innovative work sheds light on efficiently improving the light absorption by forming heterojunctions and accelerating the electron and hole transfer via specific band engineering design.
Effect of Yb concentration on the microstructures, spectra, and laser performance of Yb: CaF2 transparent ceramics
Authors: Li Weiwei , Huang Haijun , Mei Bingchu , Wang Cong , Liu Jie , Wang Shaozhao , Jiang Dapeng , Su Liangbi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractYtterbium‐doped calcium fluoride transparent ceramics is considered as a promising laser gain medium. How to prepare low scattering loss ceramics is the main challenge at present. In this study, a simple route of hot‐pressing method was introduced to fabricate high optical quality of Yb: CaF2 laser ceramics with different concentration of Yb ions. The influence of Yb concentration on the particle sizes of the powders, microstructure, fluorescence spectra, output power, and laser emitting spectra of Yb: CaF2 transparent ceramics was discussed. About 976 nm LD pumped CW laser operation has been demonstrated in 1, 2, 4, and 5 at.% Yb doped CaF2 ceramics. A maximum average output power of 0.809 W was obtained for the 5 at.% Yb: CaF2 ceramics with the slope efficiency was 26%.
Lowest drought sensitivity and decreasing growth synchrony towards the dry distribution margin of European beech
Authors: Muffler Lena , Weigel Robert , Hacket‐Pain Andrew J. , Klisz Marcin , van der Maaten Ernst , Wilmking Martin , Kreyling Juergen , van der Maaten‐Theunissen Marieke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimClimate limits the potential distribution ranges of species. Establishment and growth of individuals at range margins is assumed to be more limited by extreme events such as drought or frost events than in the centre of their range. We explore whether the growth of beech is more sensitive to drought towards the dry distribution margin and more sensitive to frost towards the cold distribution margin. Furthermore, we aim to gain insight into the adaptive potential of beech towards both the dry and cold distribution margins.LocationEuropean gradient from the dry (Spain) to the cold (Poland, Sweden) distribution margin of beech.TaxonEuropean beech (Fagus sylvatica L.).MethodsWe applied a range‐wide dendroecological study to analyse spatial and temporal trends in climate–growth relationships. We further investigated negative growth anomalies and growth synchrony towards the range margins.ResultsWe found beech to be drought sensitive across its whole range, except at the dry distribution margin. Furthermore, sensitivity to winter temperature was not found in the centre or at the cold distribution margin, but at the southern distribution margin. Growth synchrony was lower at the dry than at the cold distribution margin.Main conclusionsBeech seems to be adapted to drought at the dry distribution margin with a high adaptive potential indicated by the lowest growth synchrony along the gradient. At the cold distribution margin, cold events in winter and spring were less important for growth than drought. Still, the importance of spring frost for beech growth appears to increase in recent decades. Considering a projected north‐eastward shift of the distribution range, beech is likely facing drought stress in combination with spring frost risk at the cold margin which could lead to a hampered range expansion.