bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite‐time distributed control with time transformation
Authors: Arabi Ehsan , Yucelen Tansel , Singler John R. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this article, we propose distributed control algorithms for first‐ and second‐order multiagent systems for addressing finite‐time control problem with a priori given, user‐defined finite‐time convergence guarantees. The proposed control frameworks are predicated on a recently developed time transformation approach. Specifically, our contribution is twofold: First, a generalized time transformation function is proposed that converts the user‐defined finite‐time interval to a stretched infinite‐time interval, where one can design a distributed control algorithm on this stretched interval and then transform it back to the original finite‐time interval for achieving a given multiagent system objective. Second, for a specific time transformation function, we analytically establish the robustness properties of the resulting finite‐time distributed control algorithms against vanishing and nonvanishing system uncertainties. By contrast to existing finite‐time approaches, it is shown that the proposed algorithms can preserve a priori given, user‐defined finite‐time convergence regardless of the initial conditions of the multiagent system, the graph topology, and without requiring a knowledge of the upper bounds of the considered class of system uncertainties. Illustrative numerical examples are included to further demonstrate the efficacy of the presented results.
Three‐stage multi‐innovation parameter estimation for an exponential autoregressive time‐series model with moving average noise by using the data filtering technique
Authors: Xu Huan , Ding Feng , Yang Erfu 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis paper studies the data filtering‐based identification algorithms for an exponential autoregressive time‐series model with moving average noise. By means of the data filtering technique and the hierarchical identification principle, the identification model is transformed into three sub‐identification (Sub‐ID) models, and a filtering‐based three‐stage extended stochastic gradient algorithm is derived for identifying these Sub‐ID models. In order to improve the parameter estimation accuracy, a filtering‐based three‐stage multi‐innovation extended stochastic gradient (F‐3S‐MIESG) algorithm is developed by using the multi‐innovation identification theory. The simulation results indicate that the proposed F‐3S‐MIESG algorithm can work well.
Evaluation of the ontogeny and sexual dimorphism in a new species of Middle Triassic Darwinulocopina (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Argentina
Authors: Carignano Ana P. , Echevarría Javier , Zavattieri Ana M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDarwinulocopina is an interesting group of ostracods that includes some of the first invaders of freshwater habitats during the late Palaeozoic. The Permian–Triassic extinction greatly reduced their diversity, culminating in a single extant family. The darwinulids are regarded as ‘ancient asexuals’ given that a parthenogenetic mode of reproduction is assumed for all post‐Triassic members of the group. However, the high diversity achieved during the late Palaeozoic is often associated with sexual reproduction. Here we studied a monospecific assemblage of ostracods from the Middle Triassic of the Cuyo Basin, Province of Mendoza, Argentina, recognizing a new species of Darwinulocopina,Prasuchonella?huarpesp. nov. We discuss the traditional length/height and length/width graphical method for identifying ontogeny/sexual dimorphism in fossil ostracod assemblages. A geometric morphometric analysis was performed on both lateral and dorsal views of almost 170 carapaces, to evaluate the ontogeny and sexual dimorphism of the species. The best results were obtained from the analysis in dorsal view, discriminating four ontogenetic stages. This revealed a main ontogenetic trend related to the development of the brooding chamber. Although subtle in difference, female carapaces are wider not only at the brooding chamber, but also along the whole length, compared with the presumptive males. We provide full systematic descriptions and discussions, attempting to unify descriptive criteria for recent and fossil darwinulocopine carapaces, and suggest closeness to species previously described from the upper Permian of Russia. As a result, we recommend a review of Mesozoic records of Darwinulocopina, particularly those from the Triassic.
Nanoresistant Particles Based on Chemically Modified Starch as Nanocarriers and Characterization of Structural and Release Properties
Authors: Ouyang Qunfu , Xiao Jiaqi , Chen Jialin , Xiao Yiwei , Lin Qinlu , Ding Yongbo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNanoresistant particles based on chemically modified starch (RS IV) are prepared through a high‐speed shearing emulsification method, and the effects of shear speed, shear time, oil/water ratio, and surfactant amount on the particle size are evaluated in this study. The as‐prepared RS IV nanoparticles yield ≈300 nm narrow peak with notches and grooves on the surface. In vitro digestibility results suggest that these nanoparticles exhibit high resistance in the stomach, small intestine, and colon contents of mice. A raman assay confirms that a crosslinking reaction occurs between the RSIV molecule and N,N′‐methylenediacrylamide. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reveal that RS IV nanoparticles present an amorphous structure. In addition, the RS IV nanoparticles have good thermal and storage stabilities. In comparison with RS IV, RS IV nanoparticles have a larger specific surface area, smaller average pore size, higher loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency, and better in vitro release properties of drugs.
Effect of Non‐Starch Polysaccharides on the Pasting, Gel, and Gelation Properties of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Starch
Authors: Alam Feroz , Nawab Anjum , Lutfi Zubala , Haider Syed Zia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aims to assess the influence of various non‐starch polysaccharides at different concentrations (0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%) on the physicochemical, pasting, and gel properties of taro starch. Guar and xanthan gum appear to reduce the swelling power at higher temperatures while CMC improves it. Least gelation studies show that xanthan and guar gums are effective in producing firm gel at 6 and 8% of starch concentration, respectively. All hydrocolloids are found to be effective in decreasing syneresis and increase the stability of starch gel against repeated freeze−thaw (FT) cycles. The pasting properties of taro starch are greatly affected by all hydrocolloids and it is observed that guar and xanthan gums improve its peak viscosity even at the lowest concentration. The initial pasting temperature of taro starch is found to increase with gum arabic concentration while a significant decrease is noted with both guar gum and CMC which is an indication of ease in gelatinization. Xanthan and arabic gums are effective in controlling the set back of taro starch paste. The results indicate that different ratios of taro starch and hydrocolloids mixtures can play an important role as a functional additive in order to improve the quality of various processed food products.
Efficiency of the use of neutralized phosphogypsum, phosphorite processing waste, in agriculture
Authors: Efremova Saniya Y. , Akanova Natalya I. , Sharkov Tagir A. , Yakhkind Michael I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhosphogypsum (PG), phosphorite processing waste, can be used in agriculture as a chemical ameliorant to eliminate soil degradation. But it has some disadvantages, especially acidity; therefore, the use of neutralized phosphogypsum (NPG) is proposed. The development of methods for the rational NPG use, both separately and in combination with mineral fertilizers, to improve soil fertility was the purpose of this study. The results of stationary field experiments to study the NPG effect on the fertility parameters of meadow chernozem soils are presented. For three years of the study, the portion of humic acids and the content of humic acids bound with calcium increased in the plow layer. Already in the first year of action, NPG decreased the soil acidity. Introduction of calcium into the soil with NPG stabilized the calcium regime and increased the absorption capacity by 3.2%–6.5%. The content of heavy metals was within the natural background and did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations. No reliable increase in fluorine and strontium concentrations was revealed. On the whole, NPG use is environmentally safe; it improves soil fertility and quality of plant products.
Carbon Stocks from Peat Swamp Forest and Oil Palm Plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Novita Nisa , Kauffman J. Boone , Hergoualc’h Kristell , Murdiyarso Daniel , Tryanto Dede Hendry , Jupesta Joni 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConserving high carbon density tropical peat forests is one of the most cost-efficient strategies for climate change mitigation at national and global levels. Over past decades, large areas of tropical peat forests have been converted to oil palm plantation in Indonesia resulting in significant carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Here, we quantified the ecosystem carbon stocks in a total of six sites: two primary peat swamp forest sites, one secondary peat swamp forest site, and three young oil palm plantation sites in Tanjung Puting, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. We further determined potential carbon emissions from vegetation change due to peat swamp forest conversion to oil palm plantation. The mean total ecosystem carbon stock of primary and secondary peat swamp forests were 1770 ± 123 Mg C/ha and 533 ± 49 Mg C/ha, respectively. In contrast, the mean carbon stock of oil palm plantations was 759 ± 87 Mg C/ha or 42% of peat swamp forests. The ratio of the aboveground to belowground C stock was highest in secondary forest with an estimated value of 0.48, followed by primary forest at 0.19 and oil palm plantation at 0.04. Using a stock difference approach, we estimated potential carbon emissions from vegetation change resulting from the conversion of primary peat swamp forest to oil palm plantation of 640 ± 114 Mg CO2/ha. Finally, while restoring peatlands is important, avoiding peat conversion is imperative for Indonesia’s climate change mitigation effort.
ρ − ω mixing contribution to the measured CP asymmetry of B± → ωK±
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Hua , Yang Sheng , Guo Xin-Heng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study the CP asymmetry of B±→ ωK± with the inclusion of the ρ − ω mixing mechanism. It is shown that the CP asymmetry of B±→ ωK± experimentally measured ($$ {A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\mathrm{exp}} $$

A
CP
exp

) and conventionally defined ($$ {A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\mathrm{con}} $$

A
CP
con

) are in fact different, which relation can be illustrated as $$ {A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\mathrm{exp}}={A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\mathrm{con}}+\Delta {A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\rho \omega} $$

A
CP
exp

=

A
CP
con

+
Δ

A
CP
ρω

, with $$ \Delta {A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\rho \omega} $$
Δ

A
CP
ρω

the ρ − ω mixing contribution to $$ {A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\mathrm{exp}} $$

A
CP
exp

. The numerical value of $$ \Delta {A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\rho \omega} $$
Δ

A
CP
ρω

is extracted from the experimental data of B±→ π+π−K± and is found to be comparable with $$ {A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\mathrm{exp}} $$

A
CP
exp

, hence, non-negligible. The conventionally defined CP asymmetry, $$ {A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\mathrm{con}} $$

A
CP
con

, is obtained from the values of $$ {A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\mathrm{exp}} $$

A
CP
exp

and $$ \Delta {A}_{\mathrm{CP}}^{\rho \omega} $$
Δ

A
CP
ρω

, and is compared with the theoretical calculations in the literature.
Magnetotransport and complexity of holographic metal-insulator transitions
Authors: An Yu-Sen , Ji Teng , Li Li 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study the magnetotransport in a minimal holographic setup of a metal- insulator transition in two spatial dimensions. Some generic features are obtained without referring to the non-linear details of the holographic theory. The temperature dependence of resistivity is found to be well scaled with a single parameter T0, which approaches zero at some critical charge density ρc, and increases as a power law T0∼ |ρ − ρc|1/2 both in metallic (ρ > ρc) and insulating (ρ < ρc) regions in the vicinity of the transition. Similar features also happen by changing the disorder strength as well as magnetic field. By requiring a positive definite longitudinal conductivity in the presence of an applied magnetic field restricts the allowed parameter space of theory parameters. We explicitly check the consistency of parameter range for two representative models, and compute the optical conductivities for both metallic and insulating phases, from which a disorder- induced transfer of spectral weight from low to high energies is manifest. We construct the phase diagram in terms of temperature and disorder strength. The complexity during the transition is studied and is found to be not a good probe to the metal-insulator transition.
Four-point functions in large N Chern-Simons fermionic theories
Authors: Kalloor Rohit R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We compute all four-point functions involving the operators J0 and J1 in large-N Chern-Simons fermionic theories, in the regime where all external momenta lie along the z-axis. We find that our result for 〈J0J0J0J0〉 agrees with previous computations, and that the other correlators fall in line with expectations from bootstrap arguments.
Gedächtnisambulanzen in Deutschland – strukturell-organisatorische Voraussetzungen und Aufgabenfelder
Authors: Hausner Lucrezia , Frölich Lutz , von Arnim Christine A. F. , Bohlken Jens , Dodel Richard , Otto Markus , Rapp Michael , Schulz Jörg , Supprian Tilmann , Wollmer M. Axel , Jessen Frank ,   Deutsches Netzwerk Gedächtnisambulanzen
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Gedächtnisambulanzen (GA) sind auf (Differenzial‑)Diagnostik, Therapie, Aufklärung, Management und Beratung von kognitiven Störungen im Alter und deren Risikostadien spezialisierte Einrichtungen. In der Praxis haben sie sehr unterschiedliche Organisationsformen. Aufgrund der wachsenden diagnostischen Möglichkeiten bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen, dem steigenden Bedarf an Früherkennung und Prädiktion sowie absehbaren neuen diagnostischen Verfahren und krankheitsmodifizierenden Therapien ist eine Vereinheitlichung der strukturellen Voraussetzungen und Aufgabenbereiche für GA sinnvoll.

Ziel der Arbeit
Der Artikel macht Vorschläge für strukturelle und organisatorische Voraussetzungen, Aufgaben sowie einheitliche Arbeitsweisen von GA in Deutschland.

Methoden
Expertenkonsens von Psychiatern, Neurologen und Geriatern aus universitären und außeruniversitären Einrichtungen.

Ergebnisse
Gedächtnisambulanzen sollen den Facharztstandard für Psychiatrie und/oder Neurologie vorhalten und sich in ihrer Arbeitsweise bez. (Differenzial‑)Diagnostik und Therapie von Demenzen eng an der S3-Leitlinie (S3LL-)Demenz orientieren. In Bezug auf Früherkennung und Prädiktion neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen gehen sie über die S3LL-Demenz hinaus. So werden leichte kognitive Störungen (MCI) als Risiko- oder auch Prodromalstadien neurodegenerativer Demenzen verstanden und Biomarker regelhaft für eine ätiologische (Früh- und Differenzial‑)Diagnostik eingesetzt. Es soll eine enge Vernetzung mit den diagnostischen Fachdisziplinen bestehen. Ferner sollen sie Beratung zu sozialen und rechtlichen Fragen sowie Angehörigenberatung anbieten. Aktuelle Erkenntnisse aus der Forschung sollen durch sie frühzeitig in die Versorgung integriert werden. GA sind damit regionale Expertenzentren.

Diskussion
Gedächtnisambulanzen implementieren den evidenzbasierten Standard in Diagnostik und Therapie in die klinische Versorgung von Patienten mit kognitiven Störungen im Alter. Zusätzlich führen sie diagnostische und therapeutische Innovationen in die Versorgung dieser Patienten ein. Ihre Rolle in der Regelversorgung muss gestärkt werden, wobei auch Finanzierungsfragen geklärt werden müssen, da die derzeitigen Finanzierungsmodelle in der Regel nicht kostendeckend sind.
Measuring gender attitudes using list experiments
Authors: Asadullah M. Niaz , De Cao Elisabetta , Khatoon Fathema Zhura , Siddique Zahra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe elicit adolescent girls’ attitudes towards intimate partner violence and child marriage using purposefully collected data from rural Bangladesh. Alongside direct survey questions, we conduct list experiments to elicit true preferences for intimate partner violence and marriage before age 18. Responses to direct survey questions suggest that very few adolescent girls in the study accept the practises of intimate partner violence and child marriage (5% and 2%). However, our list experiments reveal significantly higher support for both intimate partner violence and child marriage (at 30% and 24%). We further investigate how numerous variables relate to preferences for egalitarian gender norms in rural Bangladesh.
Better outcomes after minimally invasive surgeries compared to the standard invasive medial parapatellar approach for total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Eschweiler Jörg , Baroncini Alice , Tingart Markus , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is often marketed as being able to speed up healing times over standard invasive surgery (SIS) through the medial parapatellar approach. The advantages of these minimally invasive approaches, however, are not yet definitively established. A meta-analysis of studies comparing peri-operative and post-operative differences and long-term complications of MIS versus SIS for TKA was conducted.

Methods
This meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Embase databases were accessed in September 2020. All clinical trials comparing minimally-invasive versus standard approaches for TKA were considered. Only studies reporting quantitative data under the outcomes of interest were included. Methodological quality assessment was performed using the PEDro appraisal score.

Results
This meta-analysis covers a total of 38 studies (3296 procedures), with a mean 21.3 ± 24.3 months of follow-up. The MIS group had shorter hospitalization times, lower values of total estimated blood loss, quicker times of straight-leg raise, greater values for range of motion, higher scores on the Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSS) and its related Function Subscale (KSFS). Pain scores, anterior knee pain and revision rate were similar between MIS and SIS. SIS allowed a quicker surgical duration.

Conclusion
The present meta-analysis encourages the use of minimally invasive techniques for total knee arthroplasty. However, MIS TKA is technically demanding and requires a long learning curve.

Level of evidence
III, meta-analysis of clinical trials.
Winning coalitions in plurality voting democracies
Authors: van den Brink René , Dimitrov Dinko , Rusinowska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider plurality voting games being simple games in partition function form such that in every partition there is at least one winning coalition. Such a game is said to be weighted if it is possible to assign weights to the players in such a way that a winning coalition in a partition is always one for which the sum of the weights of its members is maximal over all coalitions in the partition. A plurality game is called decisive if in every partition there is exactly one winning coalition. We show that in general, plurality games need not be weighted, even not when they are decisive. After that, we prove that (i) decisive plurality games with at most four players, (ii) majority games with an arbitrary number of players, and (iii) decisive plurality games that exhibit some kind of symmetry, are weighted. Complete characterizations of the winning coalitions in the corresponding partitions are provided as well.
Impact of COVID-19 on stroke admissions, treatments, and outcomes at a comprehensive stroke centre in the United Kingdom
Authors: Padmanabhan Nishita , Natarajan Indira , Gunston Rachel , Raseta Marko , Roffe Christine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has changed routine clinical practice worldwide with major impacts on the provision of care and treatment for stroke patients.

Methods
This retrospective observational study included all patients admitted to the Royal Stoke University Hospital in Stoke-on-Trent, UK, with a stroke or transient ischaemic attack between March 15th and April 14th, 2020 (COVID). Patient demographics, characteristics of the stroke, treatment details and logistics were compared with patients admitted in the corresponding weeks in the year before (2019).

Results
There was a 39.5% (n = 101 vs n = 167) reduction in admissions in the COVID cohort compared with 2019 with more severe strokes (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 7 vs 4, p = 0.02), and fewer strokes with no visible acute pathology (21.8 vs 37.1%, p = 0.01) on computed tomography. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of thrombolysis (10.9 vs 13.2%, p = 0.72) and/or thrombectomy (5.9 vs 4.8%, p = 0.90) and no statistically significant difference in time from stroke onset to arrival at hospital (734 vs 576 min, p = 0.34), door-to-needle time for thrombolysis (54 vs 64 min, p = 0.43) and door-to-thrombectomy time (181 vs 445 min, p = 0.72). Thirty-day mortality was not significantly higher in the COVID year (10.9 vs 8.9%, p = 0.77). None of the 7 stroke patients infected with COVID-19 died.

Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of stroke admissions fell, and stroke severity increased. There was no statistically significant change in the delivery of thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy and no increase in mortality.
Telemedicine for management of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through COVID-19 tail
Authors: Bombaci Alessandro , Abbadessa Gianmarco , Trojsi Francesca , Leocani Letizia , Bonavita Simona , Lavorgna Luigi ,   on behalf of the Digital Technologies, Web and Social Media Study Group of the Italian Society of Neurology, Tedeschi Gioacchino , Mancardi Giovanni , Padovani Alessandro , Clerico Marinella , Brigo Francesco , Lanzillo Roberta , Russo Antonio , Giometto Bruno , Straccia Giulia , Iodice Rosa , Bucello Sebastiano , Annovazzi Pietro , Moccia Marcello , Prosperini Luca , Stromillo Maria Laura , Repice Anna Maria , Miele Giuseppina , Lerario Alberto , De Martino Antonio , Iodice Francesco , Di Lorenzo Francesco , Cuffaro Luca , Romoli Michele , Silvestro Marcello , Artusi Carlo Alberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver the last months, due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, containment measures have led to important social restriction. Healthcare systems have faced a complete rearrangement of resources and spaces, with the creation of wards devoted to COVID-19 patients. In this context, patients affected by chronic neurological diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are at risk to be lost at follow-up, leading to a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Telemedicine may allow meet the needs of these patients. In this commentary, we briefly discuss the digital tools to remotely monitor and manage ALS patients. Focusing on detecting disease progression and preventing life-threatening conditions, we propose a toolset able to improve ALS management during this unprecedented situation.