bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income Redistribution, Consumer Credit, and Keeping Up with the Riches
Authors: KLEIN MATHIAS , KRAUSE CHRISTOPHER 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we set up a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with upward looking consumption comparison and show that consumption externalities are an important driver of consumer credit dynamics. Our model economy is populated by two different household types. Investors, who hold the economy's capital stock, own the firms and supply credit, and workers, who supply labor and demand credit to finance consumption. Furthermore, workers condition their consumption choice on the investors' level of consumption. We estimate the model and find a significant keeping up mechanism by matching business cycle statistics. In reproducing credit moments, our proposed model significantly outperforms a model version in which we abstract from consumption externalities.
Cannula versus needle in medical rhinoplasty: the nose knows
Authors: Rosengaus Frank , Nikolis Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers has become a popular alternative for nose remodeling, although poor understanding of the nasal anatomy has resulted in adverse events and generated some controversy. Among them, is the question of where and when to use cannulas vs needles. Through multiple cadaver dissections, clinical experience and the review of medical literature the authors conclude the use of needle over cannula is preferred, assuring a correct injection plane lying fully against the bone or cartilage. Although blunt in nature, cannulas may lead to difficulty in determining with precision the exact depth of product placement and contribute to more dissection of adjacent structures. Thorough knowledge of the highly variable nasal anatomy, including vessel depth location is of outmost importance in avoiding adverse events. Good patient selection is critical where most noses for augmentation rhinoplasty and some reduction rhinoplasty candidates where the goal is to camouflage the dorsal hump are amenable to medical rhinoplasty, unless there is reduced skin elasticity of nasal soft tissues or distortion of anatomy from surgery or trauma. Appropriate product selection is important for effective results. The authors suggest fillers with low cohesivity and high lifting capacity. Finally, we suggest a technique referred as Rhinosculpting base in the use the use of three conceptual elements: facial analysis, light reflection, and use of HA gel as a cartilage graft, in combination with the detailed injection technique presented in this article, which ensures a safer and satisfying treatment outcome.
May myo‐inositol and d‐chiro‐inositol (40:1) treatment be a good option on normal‐weighted polycystic ovary syndrome patients without insulin resistance?
Authors: Colak Eser , Ozcimen Emel Ebru , Tohma Yusuf Aytac , Ceran Mehmet Ufuk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the effectiveness of myo‐inositol and d‐chiro‐inositol (MI:DCI) (40:1) treatment in normal‐weight polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients without insulin resistance.MethodsThis retrospective case–control study included PCOS patients without insulin resistance who were diagnosed in the gynecology and obstetrics clinic of Başkent University Konya Practice and Research Hospital between January 2016 and October 2019 and received at least 6 months of MI:DCI (40:1) treatment. The patients were divided into two groups according to body mass index (BMI). Twenty‐nine anovulatory patients without insulin resistance with a BMI of 18–25 were included in group 1 (normal‐weight group), whereas 17 patients without insulin resistance with BMI > 25 were included in group 2 (obese/overweight group). Ovulation status of both groups was compared after MI:DCI treatment.ResultsOvulation was detected in 23 of 29 patients in the normal‐weight group, whereas it was detected only in 5 of 17 patients in the obese/overweight group; this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001) (Table 2, Figure 1). Post‐treatment progesterone levels of both groups were compared and in the normal‐weight PCOS group was significantly higher than the obese/overweight group (P < 0.001) (Table 2, Figure 2). In addition, spontaneous pregnancy following treatment was observed in six of the seven (85.7%) patients in the normal‐weight group who wanted to conceive, whereas it was observed in only two of the six (33.3%) patients in the obese/overweight group who wanted to conceive.ConclusionOur results showed that MI:DCI (40:1) treatment may be a first‐line treatment in normal‐weight PCOS patients without insulin resistance.
A systematic review on bacterial community changes after periodontal therapy with and without systemic antibiotics: An analysis with a wider lens
Authors: Dilber Erdem , Hagenfeld Daniel , Ehmke Benjamin , Faggion Clovis Mariano 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThis systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive view on microbial community shifts after periodontal therapy with and without systemic antibiotics, conducted in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsSearch functions in PubMed, Scopus, the Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Oral Health Library databases were used to locate studies published up to December 2018 that reported at least two bacteria before and after periodontal therapy. Gray literature and manual searching were done. Information about reported bacteria in those studies were extracted, and a descriptive microbial community analysis was conducted to observe trends and influencing factors on microbial dynamics. Methodological aspects were examined, including the bacterial detection method, heterogeneity of procedures, and risk of bias (RoB) of the studies.ResultsThe 30 included studies reported 130 different bacterial genera. Four different detection methods were reported: cultivation, polymerase chain reaction, DNA‐DNA‐checkerboard hybridization, and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. No general compositional change between the antibiotic and placebo groups could be found after therapy on the community level. Fifty‐five bacteria were reported in two or more studies. Of those, 24 genera decreased and 13 increased more frequently after antibiotic use. Great heterogeneity between procedures and variability in RoB were found among the studies.ConclusionsMicrobial shifts occurred regardless of the use of antibiotics. Antibiotic therapy seems to induce more changes in single bacteria. The heterogeneity in methods and reporting of the included studies preclude clinical recommendations on the use or not of adjunctive antibiotics. The present results may guide further research on the topic.
Chloroplast genomes of key species shed light on the evolution of the ancient genusIsoetes
Authors: Pereira Jovani B. S. , Giulietti Ana Maria , Pires Eder S. , Laux Marcele , Watanabe Maurício T. C. , Oliveira Renato R. M. , Vasconcelos Santelmo , Oliveira Guilherme 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough phylogenetic studies have revealed major clades, the deepest relationships inIsoetesremain unresolved. The use of next‐generation sequencing provides enormous amounts of gene sequences, which allows not only clarification of the basal relationships but also rapid radiations. Plastomes of six keyIsoetesspecies were annotated, revealing a total of 129 or 130 genes, depending on the species. Our phylogenomic analyses comprising representatives of all major clades yielded well‐supported nodes and identical topologies using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The phylogenetic reconstructions detangled the deep relationships inIsoetesand illuminated the more recent radiations in the genus. A basal dichotomy was found that groupedIsoetes spp. from Brazil and South Africa into a clade sister to the remainingIsoetesgroups. Interestingly,I. andicolawas found to be sister to the North American species complex. Genomic trait mapping analysis showed that the missing introns in theatpFandclpPgenes were well conserved in two major clades. The absence oftrnK‐UUUwas observed in the Brazilian tropical species and inI. velata. Among lycophytes, the genetrnR‐CCGwas missing only inI. eludens. In general, genomic traits such as the presence or absence of internal stop codons, a tRNA, and an intron were revealed to be conserved within groups, suggesting that these genomic traits might reveal vital information about the evolution of the genus. This study will contribute to understanding the diversification ofIsoetesand the establishment of a better framework to address the evolutionary history of the genus.
Are Religious Women More Traditionalist? A Cross‐National Examination of Gender and Religion
Authors: Di Di 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDoes national context shape the relationship between religious attendance and women's gender ideologies? Although previous studies have examined gender and religion within a single national context (and often in a single faith community), few have done so using a cross‐national comparative perspective. This has left a significant gap in our understanding of how gender and religion operate in distinctive national contexts. Relying on survey data collected in 37 countries, this study analyzes how the relationship between religious attendance and women's gender ideologies is conditioned by their country's gender inequality. The findings indicate that while women's religious attendance is, on average, negatively related to egalitarian gender ideologies, this association is conditioned by religious affiliation. The relationship is also contingent on the level of gender inequality experienced, and grows weaker in countries with more prominent gender inequality. This study reveals the mechanisms that contextualize the intersection of gender and religion.
Assessing statistical similarity in dietary intakes of women of reproductive age in Bangladesh
Authors: Wable Grandner Gargi , Dickin Katherine , Kanbur Ravi , Menon Purnima , Rasmussen Kathleen M. , Hoddinott John 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWomen of reproductive age (WRA) need adequate nutrient intakes to sustain a healthy pregnancy, support fetal growth, and breastfeed after childbirth. However, data on women's dietary intake in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are limited, and assessment of differences between dietary intakes of pregnant or lactating women compared with that of nonpregnant, nonlactating (NPNL) women is untested. Using single, multiple‐pass 24‐h dietary recall data from a sample of WRA residing in rural Bangladesh, we examined women's dietary intakes for energy, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, and dietary diversity for three groups: NPNL (n = 2,903), pregnant (n = 197), and lactating women (n = 944). We used equivalence testing to examine similarity in adjusted intakes for pregnant versus NPNL women and lactating versus NPNL women with a predetermined equivalence threshold based on recommendations specific for each reproductive stage. On average, both pregnant and lactating women had insufficient intakes for all dietary measures. Although statistically significant differences were observed between pregnant and NPNL women for energy intake and dietary diversity and between lactating and NPNL women for energy and protein intake, the magnitudes of these differences were too small to reject equivalence. Statistical similarity was also evident in all micronutrients and dietary diversity for both two‐group comparisons. Understanding statistical differences and similarities between dietary measures of women in distinct reproductive stages has important implications for the relevance, appropriateness, and evaluation of maternal diet‐enhancing interventions in LMICs, especially during pregnancy and lactation, when demand for macronutrients and micronutrients is elevated.
Spatial and environmental influences on selection in a clock gene coding trinucleotide repeat in Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis)
Authors: Prentice Melanie B. , Bowman Jeff , Murray Dennis L. , Khidas Kamal , Wilson Paul J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClock genes exhibit substantial control over gene expression and ultimately life‐histories using external cues such as photoperiod, and are thus likely to be critical for adaptation to shifting seasonal conditions and novel environments as species redistribute their ranges under climate change. Coding trinucleotide repeats (cTNRs) are found within several clock genes, and may be interesting targets of selection due to their containment within exonic regions and elevated mutation rates. Here, we conduct inter‐specific characterization of the NR1D1 cTNR between Canada lynx and bobcat, and intra‐specific spatial and environmental association analyses of neutral microsatellites and our functional cTNR marker, to investigate the role of selection on this locus in Canada lynx. We report signatures of divergent selection between lynx and bobcat, with the potential for hybrid‐mediated gene flow in the area of range overlap. We also provide evidence that this locus is under selection across Canada lynx in eastern Canada, with both spatial and environmental variables significantly contributing to the explained variation, after controlling for neutral population structure. These results suggest that cTNRs may play an important role in the generation of functional diversity within some mammal species, and allow for contemporary rates of adaptation in wild populations in response to environmental change. We encourage continued investment into the study of cTNR markers to better understand their broader relevance to the evolution and adaptation of mammals.
Kaleckian conflict inflation with endogenous labor supply
Authors: Datta Soumya , Saratchand C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe propose a simple but well‐defined Kaleckian model of conflict inflation, consisting of a Kaleckian investment function and conflict inflation, resulting from workers and capitalists making conflicting claims over their shares in output. The bargaining power of workers depends on the rate of employment. The central bank engages in inflation targeting through changes in the interest rate. We establish the existence of an economically meaningful steady state and examine its stability properties both analytically and numerically. We show the possibilities of cyclical trajectories under certain conditions.
Water uptake depth is coordinated with leaf water potential, water‐use efficiency and drought vulnerability in karst vegetation
Authors: Ding Yali , Nie Yunpeng , Chen Hongsong , Wang Kelin , Querejeta José I. 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Root access to bedrock water storage or groundwater is an important trait allowing plant survival in seasonally dry environments. However, the degree of coordination between water uptake depth, leaf‐level water‐use efficiency (WUEi) and water potential in drought‐prone plant communities is not well understood.

We conducted a 135‐d rainfall exclusion experiment in a subtropical karst ecosystem with thin skeletal soils to evaluate the responses of 11 co‐occurring woody species of contrasting life forms and leaf habits to a severe drought during the wet growing season.

Marked differences in xylem water isotopic composition during drought revealed distinct ecohydrological niche separation among species. The contrasting behaviour of leaf water potential in coexisting species during drought was largely explained by differences in root access to deeper, temporally stable water sources. Smaller‐diameter species with shallower water uptake, more negative water potentials and lower WUEi showed extensive drought‐induced canopy defoliation and/or mortality. By contrast, larger‐diameter species with deeper water uptake, higher leaf‐level WUEi and more isohydric behaviour survived drought with only moderate canopy defoliation.

Severe water limitation imposes strong environmental filtering and/or selective pressures resulting in tight coordination between tree diameter, water uptake depth, iso/anisohydric behaviour, WUEi and drought vulnerability in karst plant communities.
Vitamin D oral gel for prevention of radiation‐induced oral mucositis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bakr Islam S. , Zaki Azza M. , El‐Moslemany Riham M. , Elsaka Rasha O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of topical oral vitamin D gel in prevention of radiation‐induced oral mucositis.Material and MethodsA three‐armed randomized controlled clinical trial on forty‐five head and neck cancer patients was conducted. First group: conventional treatment. Second group: Topical oral vitamin D gel. Third group: topical oral vitamin D gel plus the conventional treatment. All the patients were examined clinically three and six weeks after the start of radiotherapy for pain and WHO mucositis score.ResultsAfter 6 weeks of radiotherapy, (33.5%) the patients in control group developed high‐grade severity of oral mucositis while the patients in the two‐test groups “vitamin D group and combined therapy group” remained with low‐grade severity or with complete remission. Mean pain scores showed a significant decrease in the combined therapy group and to a close degree in vitamin D group rather than the control group.ConclusionTopical oral vitamin D gel has a beneficial effect in lowering oral mucositis development and in reducing pain sensation during the radiation period especially when combined with conventional therapeutic agents.
Osteopenic effects of high‐fat diet‐induced obesity on mechanically induced alveolar bone remodeling
Authors: Luo Hong , Wu Hongyan , Tan Xi , Ye Yusi , Huang Lan , Dai Hongwei , Mei Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of obesity on the tissue and molecular reactions of alveolar bone in response to orthodontic force and its underlying mechanisms.MethodsSixty‐four rats were randomly divided into normal diet (ND) and high‐fat diet (HFD) groups for eight weeks of dietary treatment. OTM was induced using nickel–titanium springs between the upper left first molar and incisor. After 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of OTM, the maxillary alveolar bone and gingival tissues were harvested and analyzed.ResultsCompared with the ND rats, the HFD rats had greater OTM distance, serum levels of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), as well as significant alveolar bone loss and bone architecture deterioration on both the compression and tension sides (p < .05 for all). This response was linked to the increased osteoclast numbers and functional activity and decreased osteoblast activity in the periodontal ligament, gingival tissue, and alveolar bone.ConclusionsHFD‐induced obesity promoted mechanically induced alveolar bone remodeling and detrimental changes in alveolar bone microstructure by increasing osteoclastogenesis and regulating inflammatory cytokine expression. The increased alveolar bone remodeling in the obese rats lead to an accelerated OTM.
WHAT HAPPENED AT AUGLAND? A SOCIAL CHRONOLOGY FOR THE DEMISE OF A ROMAN IRON AGE CERAMIC WORKSHOP IN SOUTH NORWAY
Authors: Fredriksen Per Ditlef , Rødsrud Christian Løchsen , Caruso Francesco 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe unique ceramic production site at Augland in southernmost Norway thrived for more than 250 years until its demise in the troubled Migration Period. Contrary to previous opinions, we argue that production ended around AD 450–460 and not in the sixth century. Our approach, based on the craft practices, reveals that the introduction of a novel technology accelerated the process, fuelled by a regional power shift that severed once‐resilient ties to south Scandinavia. This outcome is based on the analysis of Augland’s terminal century: 1) re‐analysis of radiocarbon data; 2) ceramic macroscopy; and 3) fine‐sorting of pastes using handheld XRF data.
Enhancement of cadmium accumulation in sweet sorghum as affected by nitrate
Authors: Bai Z. Q. , Zhu L. , Chang H. X. , Wu J. W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The Cadmium (Cd)‐polluted soils are is an increasing concern worldwide. Phytoextraction of Cd pollutants by high biomass plants, such as sweet sorghum, is considered an environmentally‐friendly, cost‐effective and sustainable strategy for remediating this problem. Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient essential for plant growth, development and stress resistance. Nevertheless, how nitrate, as an important form of N, affects Cd uptake, translocation and accumulation in sweet sorghum is still unclear.

In the present study, a series of nitrate levels (N1, 0.5 mm; N2, 2 mm; N3, 4 mm; N4, 8 mm and N5, 16 mm) with or without added 5 μm CdCl2 treatment in sweet sorghum was investigated hydroponically.

The results indicate that Cd accumulation in the aboveground parts of sweet sorghum was enhanced by optimum nitrate supply, resulting from both increased dry weight and Cd concentration. Although root‐to‐shoot Cd translocation was not enhanced by increased nitrate, some Cd was transferred from cell walls to vacuoles in leaves. Intriguingly, expression levels of Cd uptake and transport genes, SbNramp1, SbNramp5 and SbHMA3, were not closely related to increased Cd as affected by nitrate supply. The expression of SbNRT1.1B in relation to nitrate transport showed an inverted ‘U’ shape with increasing nitrate levels under Cd stress, which was in agreement with trends in Cd concentration changes in aboveground tissues.

Based on the aforementioned results, nitrate might regulate Cd uptake and accumulation through expression of SbNRT1.1B rather than SbNramp1, SbNramp5 or SbHMA3, the well‐documented genes related to Cd uptake and transport in sweet sorghum.
Using genetic evaluation to guide conservation of remnant Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) populations
Authors: Jacquemart A.‐L. , Buyens C. , Delescaille L.‐M. , Van Rossum F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Many critically endangered plant species exist in small, genetically depauperate or inbred populations, making assisted gene flow interventions necessary for long‐term population viability. However, before such interventions are implemented, conservation practitioners must consider the genetic and demographic status of extant populations, which are strongly affected by species’ life‐history traits. In northwestern Europe, Juniperus communis, a dioecious, wind‐pollinated and bird‐dispersed gymnosperm, has been declining for the past century and largely exists in small, isolated and senescent populations.

To provide useful recommendations for a recovery plan involving translocation of plants, we investigated genetic diversity and structure of populations in Belgium using four microsatellite and five plastid single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.

We detected no clonality in the populations, suggesting predominantly sexual reproduction. Populations exhibited high genetic diversity (He = 0.367–0.563) and low to moderate genetic differentiation (FST ≤ 0.133), with no clear geographic structure. Highly positive inbreeding coefficients (FIS = 0.221–0.507) were explained by null alleles, population substructuring and biparental inbreeding. No isolation by distance was observed among distant populations, but isolation at close geographic proximity was found. Patterns were consistent with high historical gene flow through pollen and seed dispersal at both short and long distances. We also tested four pre‐germination treatments among populations to improve germination rates; however, germination rates remained low and only cold‐stratification treatments induced germination in some populations.

To bolster population regeneration, introductions of cuttings from several source populations are recommended, in combination with in situ management practices that improve seedling survival and with ex situ propagation.