bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs forming a prognostic scoring system in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shi Xiaobo , Li You , Sun Yuchen , Zhao Xu , Sun Xuanzi , Gong Tuotuo , Liang Zhinan , Ma Yuan , Zhang Xiaozhi 
Published: February 2020

Background
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main subtype of esophageal carcinoma. Protein coding genes and non-coding RNAs can be powerful prognostic factors in multiple cancers, including ESCC. However, there is currently no model that integrates multiple types of RNA expression signatures to predict clinical outcomes.

Methods
The sequencing data (RNA-sequencing and miRNA-sequencing) and clinical data of ESCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and Differential gene expression analysis, Cox regression analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used to construct prognosis-related lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and scoring system with multiple types of RNA. The potential molecular mechanisms of prognostic mRNAs were explored by functional enrichment analysis.

Results
A total of 62 prognostic lncRNAs, eight prognostic miRNAs and 66 prognostic mRNAs were identified in ESCC (P-value < 0.05) and a prognosis-related lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was created. Five prognosis-related hub RNAs (CDCA2, MTBP, CENPE, PBK, AL033384.1) were identified. Biological process analysis revealed that mRNAs in prognosis-related co-expression RNA network were mainly enriched in cell cycle, mitotic cell cycle and nuclear division. Additionally, we constructed a prognostic scoring system for ESCC using ten signature RNAs (MLIP, TNFSF10, SIK2, LINC01068, LINC00601, TTTY14, AC084262.1, LINC01415, miR-5699-3p, miR-552-5p). Using this system, patients in the low-risk group had better long-term survival than those in the high-risk group (log-rank, P-value < 0.0001). The area under the ROC curve (AUCs) revealed that the accuracy of the prediction model was higher than the accuracy of single type of RNA prediction model.

Conclusion
In brief, we constructed a prognostic scoring system based on multiple types of RNA for ESCC that showed high predicting prognosis performance, and deeply understood the regulatory mechanism of prognosis-related lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network.
Gene flow between subpopulations of gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) from the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Rosado-Nic Oscar de Jesús , Hogan J. Derek , Lara-Arenas José Héctor , Rosas-Luis Rigoberto , Carrillo Laura , Villegas-Sánchez Carmen Amelia 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) has a tropical and subtropical distribution. In much of its range this species represents one of the most important fishery resources because of its high quality meat and market value. Due to this, this species is vulnerable to overfishing, and population declines have been observed in parts of its range. In recent decades, it has been established that knowing the level of genetic connectivity is useful for establishing appropriate management and conservation strategies given that genetic isolation can drive towards genetic loss. Presently the level of genetic connectivity between subpopulations ofL. griseusof the southern region of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea remains unknown.MethodsIn the present study we analyze genetic structure and diversity for seven subpopulations in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Caribbean Sea. Eight microsatellite primers of phylogenetically closely related species toL. griseuswere selected.ResultsTotal heterozygosity was 0.628 and 0.647 in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Caribbean Sea, however, results obtained from AMOVA andRSTindicated a lack of genetic difference between the major basins. We also found no association between genetic difference and geographic distance, and moderately high migration rates (Nm= > 4.1) suggesting ongoing gene flow among the subpopulations. Gene flow within the southern Gulf of Mexico appears to be stronger going from east-to-west.ConclusionsMigration rates tended to be higher between subpopulations within the same basin compared to those across basins indicating some regionalization. High levels of genetic diversity and genetic flow suggest that the population is quite large; apparently, the fishing pressure has not caused a bottleneck effect.
Metabolic Risk Factors and Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Attri Ritu , Kaur Harsimran , Singh Sibia Raminderpal , Singh Bhatia Mandip 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: CAD is the most common cause of mortality in India. It is a common multifarious public health crisis today and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. Hence, understanding the predominant risk factors among the Indian population is important.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based age and sex matched case control study, carried out at Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital Patiala. A total of 100 patients of Acute coronary syndrome were studied. Patients and controls were enquired about the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors and the significance of association of these risk factors with the occurrence of Acute coronary syndrome was given by p value of <0.05.
Results: Majority of the cases were in the age group 61-70 years (32%) with male to female ratio of 1.25:1. Significant association was found between ACS and risk factors like smoking, positive family history of IHD, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, waist hip ratio and body mass index. Overall, most common outcome of ACS in the present study was NSTEMI (45%) followed by STEMI (35%) followed by Unstable angina (20%).
Conclusion: Significant association was found between smoking and occurrence of STEMI and significant association was found between Hypertension and occurrence of NSTEMI.
Assessing structure building in college classrooms at scale
Authors: Soicher Raechel N. , Becker‐Blease Kathryn A. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryStructure building refers to the way in which people construct meaning from incoming information by creating a foundation of mental nodes, mapping incoming information to the foundational structure, and shifting to a new structure when necessary. Structure building ability has been shown to moderate learning both in laboratory‐based and classroom‐based research (e.g., use of outlines for effective note‐taking and course final grades, respectively). However, measurement of structure building can be resource intensive. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a shortened, scalable measure of structure building (developed by a textbook publisher) in a real‐world context. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that this tool, embedded in the online ancillary materials accompanying a textbook, can be used to measure a variable that is relevant to students' learning in introductory psychology courses.
A Clinically and Biologically Based Subclassification of the Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies Using Machine Learning
Authors: Eng Simon W. M. , Olazagasti Jeannette M. , Goldenberg Anna , Crowson Cynthia S. , Oddis Chester V. , Niewold Timothy B. , Yeung Rae S. M. , Reed Ann M. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivePublished predictive models of disease outcomes in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are sparse and of limited accuracy due to disease heterogeneity. Computational methods may address this heterogeneity by partitioning patients based on clinical and biological phenotype.MethodsTo identify new patient groups, we applied similarity network fusion (SNF) to clinical and biological data from 168 patients with myositis (64 adult polymyositis [PM], 65 adult dermatomyositis [DM], and 39 juvenile DM [JDM]) in the Rituximab in Myositis trial. We generated a sparse proof‐of‐concept bedside classifier using multinomial regression and identified characteristics that distinguished these groups. We conducted χ2 tests to link new patient groups with the myositis subtypes.ResultsSNF identified five patient groups in the discovery cohort that subdivided the myositis subtypes. The sparse multinomial regressor to predict patient group assignments (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve = [0.78, 0.97]; areas under the precision‐recall curve = [0.55, 0.96]) found that autoantibody enrichment defined four of these groups: anti–Mi‐2, anti–signal recognition peptide (SRP), anti–nuclear matrix protein 2 (NXP2), and anti‐synthetase (Syn). Depletion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) defined the fifth group. Each group was associated with one subtype, with adult DM being associated with anti–Mi‐2 and anti‐Syn autoantibodies, JDM being associated with anti‐NXP2 autoantibodies, and adult PM being associated with IgM depletion and anti‐SRP autoantibodies. These associations enabled us to further resolve the current myositis subtypes.ConclusionUsing unsupervised machine learning, we identified clinically and biologically homogeneous groups of patients with IIMs, forming the basis of an integrated disease classification based on both clinical and biological phenotype, thus validating other approaches and what has been previously described.
A Novel NASICON‐Type Na4MnCr(PO4)3 Demonstrating the Energy Density Record of Phosphate Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Yongchang , Zhao Xudong , He Lunhua , Liu Hui , Song Yuzhu , Sun Shengdong , Li Qiang , Xing Xianran , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted incremental attention as a promising candidate for grid‐scale energy‐storage applications. To meet practical requirements, searching for new cathode materials with high energy density is of great importance. Herein, a novel Na superionic conductor (NASICON)‐type Na4MnCr(PO4)3 is developed as a high‐energy cathode for SIBs. The Na4MnCr(PO4)3 nanoparticles homogeneously embedded in a carbon matrix can present an extraordinary reversible capacity of 160.5 mA h g−1 with three‐electron reaction at ≈3.53 V during the Na+ extraction/insertion process, realizing an unprecedentedly high energy density of 566.5 Wh kg−1 in the phosphate cathodes for SIBs. It is intriguing to reveal the underlying mechanism of the unique Mn2+/Mn3+, Mn3+/Mn4+, and Cr3+/Cr4+ redox couples via X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy. The whole electrochemical reaction undergoes highly reversible single‐phase and biphasic transitions with a moderate volume change of 7.7% through in situ X‐ray diffraction and ex situ high‐energy synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. Combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations with the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, the superior performance is ascribed to the low ionic‐migration energy barrier and desirable Na‐ion diffusion kinetics. The present work can offer a new insight into the design of multielectron‐reaction cathode materials for SIBs.
Facile Self‐Forming Superionic Conductors Based on Complex Borohydride Surface Oxidation
Authors: Luo Xiaoxuan , Rawal Aditya , Cazorla Claudio , Aguey‐Zinsou Kondo‐Francois 
Published: February 2020

AbstractComplex hydrides have attracted significant attention as better inorganic solid‐state electrolytes owing to their lightweight and good compatibility with metal anodes (Li, Na, and/or Mg) for all solid‐state batteries. However, high ionic conductivity is usually observed at high temperatures upon the stabilization of adequate crystalline phases enabling fast ionic mobility. Here, an extremely simple strategy to significantly increase the ionic conductivity of complex borohydrides is reported. By exposing complex borohydrides to oxygen, the rearrangement of surface atoms upon the oxidation of borohydride particles and the resulting defects lead to extremely high ionic conductivity. NaBH4 and LiBH4 exposed to 5% O2 show an ionic conductivity of ≈10−3 S cm−1 at 35 °C. Similarly, oxidized Mg(BH4)2 displays a conductivity of ≈10−6 S cm−1 at 25 °C instead of 9.63 × 10−13 S cm−1. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is to date, the simplest approach to tune the properties of borohydrides toward high ionic conductivity at room temperature as it does not rely on the difficult synthesis of large cage boron based anions to substitute BH4− and allow better ionic conduction paths. Owing its simplicity, the finding has the potential to enable new avenues toward the realization of viable complex borohydride based solid‐state electrolytes.
Climate‐risk assessment for winter wheat using long‐term weather data
Authors: Lollato Romulo P. , Bavia Guilherme P. , Perin Vinicius , Knapp Mary , Santos Eduardo A. , Patrignani Andres , DeWolf Erick D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTemperature and water deficit stresses cause large year‐to‐year yield variability, and matching crop phenology with periods less prone to stresses can improve yield stability. We used 30 years of daily weather data from 69 stations in the U.S. Great Plains to quantify the risk of water deficit and temperature stresses for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in maturity, and to evaluate whether the selected variables explained variability in yield and area abandonment. Crop phenology was estimated using a simple temperature‐based model based on 282 field observations. A difference between the 15‐d running sums of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and precipitation greater than 40% of the soil's available water holding capacity (AWHC) determined atmospheric water deficit (AWD). Heat and freeze stresses occurred when maximum temperatures >27 °C and minimum temperatures <0 °C occurred around heading. Probabilities of AWD in the spring was greater in the west and in the south; however, latitudinal AWD gradients dissipated when crop maturity was considered. The day of year (DOY) for last freeze increased from south to north and from east to west; and the DOY for onset of heat stress increased from south to north but did not follow a longitudinal gradient. Early maturing varieties avoided heat and AWD stresses during heading but were more likely to experience freezing conditions. Regional yield decreased and area abandonment increased with early onset of spring AWD and heat stresses. This conceptual framework for evaluating the risk of environmental stresses can be applied to other regions and cropping systems.
Investigation of dendrimer‐based supramolecular networks as a new clay stabilizer for oil field
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Gou Shaohua , Fei Yumei , Zhou Lihua , He Yang , Liu Mengyu , Tan Lan , Liu Ling , Duan Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA novel cationic copolymer was synthesized with acrylamide (AM), [2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (DAC) and 1‐allyl‐3‐phenyl thiourea (APTU). In association with hyperbranched poly (amido amine) (h‐PAMAM) guanidine, a dendrimer‐based supramolecular composite polymer solution as a new clay stabilizer was prepared. The inhibiting properties have been tested through various approaches including antiswelling, hot‐rolling recovery, and erosion resistant analysis. The optimal concentrations ofh‐PAMAM guanidine and P(AM‐DAC‐APTU) were 100 and 5,000 mg/L, separately. In this case, the supramolecular complex showed an excellent retention ratio of 87.6% and made a great progress in inorganic salts and temperature resistances. Moreover, after sourcing with the deionized water for five times, the antiswelling degree of composite solution was stabilized at 73.3%, showing high potential to use this new clay stabilizer for oil field.
Preparation of functionalized poly(caprolactone diol)/castor oils blends to be applied as photocrosslinkable tissue adhesives
Authors: Cernadas Teresa , Morgado Stacy , Alves Patrícia , Gonçalves Filipa A. M. M. , Correia Tiago R. , Correia Ilídio J. , Ferreira Paula 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL‐based materials are widely applied in the biomedical field, however, their slow biodegradation profile makes them more suitable to be used in hard tissues, where healing requires longer periods of time. In order to adjust their properties to suit for soft tissues applications, PCL can be blended with other biodegradable materials in order to tune its degradation rate. Herein, polymeric blends of PCL and castor oil (CO) were prepared after their chemical modification with 2‐isocyanatoethylmethacrylate (IEMA) in order to be applied as photocrosslinkable tissue adhesives. These functionalized macromers were chemically characterized and used to prepare polymeric blends (PCL‐IEMA/CO‐IEMA) with variable mass proportions. A biocompatible photoinitiator (Irgacure 2959) was added to these macromers blends which were then irradiated under UV light. The feasibility of the prepared materials as tissue adhesives was evaluated by assessment of their chemical/physical properties as well as their interaction with blood. Moreover, their cytotoxic profile was also evaluated through in vitro studies using human dermal fibroblasts as model cells.
Compounding and characterization of recycled multilayer plastic films
Authors: Jönkkäri Ilari , Poliakova Valeria , Mylläri Ville , Anderson Reetta , Andersson Mirja , Vuorinen Jyrki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMechanical recycling of multilayer plastic films from food packages was investigated. The multilayer films were manually separated from municipal solid waste, washed, grinded, and finally compounded at 0–100 wt% concentrations with virgin low‐density polyethylene (PE‐LD). Polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MA) compatibilizer was used in two of the compounds to replace 2 and 5 wt% of the PE‐LD to study its effect as well. PE‐g‐MA is expected to improve the mechanical properties of the compounds by promoting the adhesion between incompatible polymer phases. The composition of the compounds was characterized with Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry and their properties were studied with tensile testing and rotational rheometer measurements. All tested compounds had relatively good mechanical properties and processability. This indicates that recycled multilayer films could replace at least part of the virgin PE‐LD in applications where high‐thermal stability or good visual appearance is not required. The PE‐g‐MA compatibilizer did not have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the compounds.
Association of a Type 2–Polarized T Cell Phenotype With Methotrexate Nonresponse in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Slauenwhite Drew , McAlpine Sarah M. , Hanly John G. , Malik Anikó , Haidl Ian D. , Marshall Jean S. , Issekutz Thomas B. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated through complex immunologic pathways. Among RA patients receiving low‐dose methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy, approximately one‐half exhibit a meaningful clinical response within the first 6 months of starting treatment. Whether baseline immune phenotypes differ between subsequent MTX responders and nonresponders is unknown. This study utilized comprehensive T cell immunophenotyping to identify specific immunologic pathways associated with MTX‐nonresponsive joint inflammation in patients with RA.MethodsIn total, 32 patients with recent‐onset RA were treated with MTX therapy. After 6 months, 15 patients were categorized as responders and 17 as nonresponders. Comprehensive blood T cell immunophenotyping, using multiparameter immunofluorescence flow cytometry analyses, was performed at baseline and following 6 months of treatment.ResultsBaseline measures of disease activity (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28], C‐reactive protein level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) did not differ between MTX responders and nonresponders following MTX treatment. Frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were skewed to favor higher CD4:CD8 T cell ratios in MTX responders compared to nonresponders (P < 0.05). The proportion of inducible costimulator–expressing Treg cells was significantly greater among MTX nonresponders. Interleukin‐13 (IL‐13)–producing, but not interferon‐γ– or IL‐17–producing, CD4+ effector memory T (Tem) cells were significantly more frequent in MTX nonresponders (P < 0.05). The ratio of IL‐13+:IL‐17+ Tem cells among CD4+ Tem cells was 1.9‐fold higher in MTX nonresponders compared to responders (P < 0.05). Both the CD4:CD8 T cell ratio and the frequency of IL‐13+CD4+ Tem cells correlated with changes in the DAS28 score following MTX treatment, whereas T cell expression of immune checkpoint inhibitor markers (CTLA‐4, programmed death 1, and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing protein 3) did not differ between MTX responders and nonresponders.ConclusionWe observed a bias toward type 2–polarized T cell inflammatory responses in the peripheral blood of MTX‐nonresponsive RA patients. Targeting the IL‐13+CD4+ T cell pathway could be a new therapeutic strategy in RA patients whose disease remains resistant to MTX.
Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with a Half‐Sandwich Cobalt Catalyst: Selectivity towards CO
Authors: Kumar Pandey Indresh , Kumar Abhishek , Choudhury Joyanta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present herein a Cp*Co(III)‐half‐sandwich catalyst system for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction in aqueous acetonitrile solution. In addition to an electron‐donating Cp* ligand (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), the catalyst featured a proton‐responsive pyridyl‐benzimidazole‐based N,N‐bidentate ligand. Owing to the presence of a relatively electron‐rich Co center, the reduced Co(I)‐state was made prone to activate the electrophilic carbon center of CO2. At the same time, the proton‐responsive benzimidazole scaffold was susceptible to facilitate proton‐transfer during the subsequent reduction of CO2. The above factors rendered the present catalyst active toward producing CO as the major product over the other potential 2e/2H+ reduced product HCOOH, in contrast to the only known similar half‐sandwich CpCo(III)‐based CO2‐reduction catalysts which produced HCOOH selectively. The system exhibited a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of about 70% while the overpotential for CO production was found to be 0.78 V, as determined by controlled‐potential electrolysis.
Two‐Dimensional Microporous Material‐based Mixed Matrix Membranes for Gas Separation
Authors: Huang Menghui , Wang Zhenggong , Jin Jian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSince the discovery of graphene and its derivatives, the development and application of two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted enormous attention. 2D microporous materials, such as metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and so on, hold great potential to be used in gas separation membranes because of their high aspect ratio and homogeneously distributed nanometer pores, which are beneficial for improving gas permeability and selectivity. This review briefly summarizes the recent design and fabrication of 2D microporous materials, as well as their applications in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation. The enhanced separation performances of the membranes and their long‐term stability are also introduced. Challenges and the latest development of newly synthesized 2D microporous materials are finally discussed to foresee the potential opportunities for 2D microporous material‐based MMMs.