bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mathematical Analysis of the Drying of Cassava Grater by Using Pneumantic (flash) Dryer with Heat Recirculation Method
Authors: Wijaya Rizza , Hariono Budi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The abundance of cassava cultivation production in Indonesia needs to be balanced with the use of cassava itself to be a source of alternative food as rice subtitute. In this research was done the drying of tubers grater which was cassava to be dried into flour. This drying used a mechanical dryer which was a pneumatic (flash) dryer by using the heat recirculation method (the heat produced from drying was reused). The drying in this research was carried out with a variation of 2 air openings, which were openings for air speed (blower) and openings in the heat recirculation pipe. For openings in the blower, this research used 2 variations of openings, which were openings 50% (air speed 0.0603 m/s) and openings 75% (air speed 0.0768 m/s). For openings in the recirculation pipe, 4 variations of openings were used, which were openings 0% (without recirculated the heat), openings 25% (the heat returned was only 25%), 50% and 75%. The drying time was based on how long the material was in the duct drying. The results showed that, by doing heat recirculation, the value of heating and drying efficiency would increase. The drying in air recirculation 25% could increase the value of drying efficiency for about 5-6%, while in air recirculation 50% could increase the efficiency value for about 3-4%. The value of the heating efficiency of this research ranged from 57-86%. The drying rate constant of the cassava grater moisture content ranged between 0.16 to 0.194%/second.
Edge detection of digital image with different edge types
Authors: Ruslau M F V , Pratama R A , Meirista E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In digital images processing, there are three types of edges based on intensity changes. Namely, step edges, ramp edges and edges noise. An edge is defined as a set of pixels where there is an abrupt change in colour intensity over distance. On-ramp edges where gray levels change slowly, the Gradient Method is able to detect better. On step edges where the intensity or gray levels changes very quickly the Laplace method is able to detect better than the Gradient Method. In this study, three images were used as samples and identified the type of edge of each image. Furthermore, edge detection is performed with the first derivative operator Canny and the second derivative operator Laplacian of Gaussian. The results indicate that for step edges LoG provides better results, whereas for ramp edges Canny detects better. However, by selecting the right threshold that matches the σ (standard deviation), Canny is also capable to provide good edge detection results. The greater the σ value, the threshold was chosen must be small so that the results obtained are good and easily interpreted. The Canny operator produces a thinner edge and a firmer boundary between objects and between objects on the given sigma = 1 value while the LoG operator corrects better, especially on the steep part of the value σ = 2 compared to the value σ = 1.
Realistic mathematics education assisted interactive multimedia
Authors: Fredy  , Rahayu D P , Natsir I 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aims to improve student achievement through the application of realistic mathematical education assisted interactive multimedia. This research used classroom action research, carried out in two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observing, evaluating and reflecting. The stages of implementing learning begin with the delivery of concrete examples of integer problems, making concrete models up to formal forms of mathematics about integers. The results showed the percentage of students who met the minimum completeness criteria of 71.87%. After improving learning in cycle 2, there was an increase in student achievement of 28.13%. The percentage of students’ achievement in cycle 2 has reached 100%.
Cellulolytic Fungi Isolation and Identification from Fermetoge, Cattle Feed Composed of Fermented Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) And Corn (Zea mays) Cob
Authors: Isnawati  , Ni’matuzahroh  , Surtiningsih T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fermetoge is fermented feed produced from fermentation of water hyacinth and corn cob mixture, commonly used as cattle feed in East Java, Indonesia. Fermetoge is composed of these cellulose-contained materials easily degraded by cellulase enzymes produced by fungi during fermentation. This study was aimed to isolate fungi from Fermetoge and screen their ability in degrading cellulose. Ten fungi isolates were found from fermetoge, three out of which indicated high cellulolytic activity. The three of them were identified based on partial ITS 1 and ITS 4 gene sequencing as Rhizophus stolonifer, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium sp., with similarity level of 95%, 100%, and 89% respectively. Isolation and identification of fungi from fermetoge can give insight into cellulose-degrading fungi species to be studied for further developing starter culture and improving the quality of starter-base fermented feed.
Preference swiftlet bird (Aerodramus fuciphagus) nesting at different sites in an effort to increase nest production
Authors: Kuntjoro Sunu , Rachmadiarti Fida 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nest sites were used special place of swiftlet bird. Nest of swiftlet bird are usually dificult to reach place. This study want to know the potential for nest sites in a swiftlet bird house. Four types of different nest sites were installed at nesting and roving room, made by wood, bamboo, aluminium, concreate at the swiftlet bird house. And then, the breeding swiftlet birds using the different nest sites type were recorded during the breeding season for finding the effectiveness of four different nest sites type. Nest-site with the different material were installed using materials made of wood, bamboo, aluminium and concrete. The resulats were that 25 % (n=6) for wood material, 41.66% (n=10) for bamboo, 29.66%(n=7) for aluminium and 4.16% (n=1) for concrete From this result, the breeding swiftlet bird showed preference for better better bamboo material for nest-site when there were abundant in nesting room 83%(n=20)
Scaffolding computer packet instruction (SCPI) to analyze student’s problem solving performance on physics
Authors: Nikat R F , Henukh A , Simbolon M , Reski A , Sari D K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The development of technology could facilitate individuals to access information, solve problems and communicate. This physics education research, the author wants to convey the impact of utilization quantitatively and qualitatively scaffolding of computer packet Instruction (SCPI) on students’ problem solving performance. SCPI learning packet consists of material, Check your knowledge, feedback and evaluation buttons. The research method used is a mixed method embedded design. The participants in this study were 32 students in class X MIA 1 ISLAM PUJON SMA MALANG. Students consist of 10 male and 22 female. The study was conducted in the even semester of the 2017/2018 school year with topics of work and energy topic. Quantitative data analysis through calculation of N-gain test, effect size test and paired t-test. Based on Quantitative analysis results, the use of SCPI media could have a positive impact on students’ physics problem solving performance. This result is supported by data on the increase in pretest and posttest values. The statement was also supported by students ‘responses in filling out the online questionnaire that there was an increase in independent learning capacity after SCPI was implemented in the concept of solving students’ physics problems.
The effect of impact velocity to the reaction force, the deformation length and the deformation mode on a thin aluminum tube
Authors: Hardi Witono 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Many people have conducted research related to the thin tubes as energy absorbers. The response of the specimens when receiving axial loads at low-velocity impact and high-velocity impact has been carried out by many researchers. In this study, the effect of impact velocity on the response of specimen reaction forces and the factors that influence on thin aluminum tube specimens with fixed impact energy will be examined.
The specimen used in this research is a thin aluminum tube with an outer diameter of 32 mm and a thickness of 1 mm with a length of 120 mm. The axial force is the impact of the impactor steel with varying mass adjusted to varying velocities with a fixed impact energy of 785 Joules. The response of reaction force from specimens, maximum deformation in each specimen and deformation mode was observed at each increase of impact velocity. Modeling of the experiment is prepared by the Finite Element Method using the ANSYS 19 Academic Version.
The results of the study confirm that the higher the impact velocity on fixed energy, the greater the maximum reaction force. On the other hand, the smaller the maximum deformation. In general, there is a change in deformation mode, which is non-axisymmetric at low speeds and axisymmetric at higher speeds. The axisymmetric deformation mode affects the maximum deformation to be smaller, and the maximum reaction force becomes more significant at fixed energy. In this study, it was found that at an increased impact velocity of 140 m / s to 150 m / s there was a change in deformation mode from non-axisymmetric to axisymmetric.
Addition turmeric extract on ration to reduce fat deposit of broiler
Authors: Utami M M D , Dwiani H P , Agus A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of turmeric extract in ration to reduce fat of broiler. Ninety-day old chicks randomly divided into five treatments: T1 is group received basal diet (control), T2 (0.02% of turmeric extract); T3 (0.04% of turmeric extract); T4 (0.06% of turmeric extract), and T5 (0.08% of turmeric extract). Each treatment consists of three replications and each repetition consist of six chickens. This research using a completely randomized design. The parameters of research were carcass weight, abdominal fat weight and the percentage of abdominal fat. The result of this research showed that turmeric extract had significantly effect (P<0.05) to increase carcass weight (T1: 1476,7 g; T2: 1503,8 g; T3: 1577,0 g; T4: 1633,7 g; T5: 1605,0 g), to reduce abdominal fat weight (T1: 34,33 g; T2: 30,69 g; T3: 27,03 g; T4: 26,96 g; T5: 25,92 g) and the percentage of abdominal fat (T1: 2,33%, T2: 2,04%, T3: 1,72%, T4: 1,65%, T5: 1,63%). The result showed addition turmeric extract on ration increased carcass weight and decreased abdominal fat weight and the percentage of abdominal fat.
Microgreen Quality of Broccoli Plants (Brassica oleracea L.) and Correlation between Parameters
Authors: Widiwurjani  , Guniarti  , Sari N K , Andansari P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Micro greens are vegetables harvested at a very early age, harvesting is done when cotyledon leaves and a pair of new leaves appear. Plant growth phases include germination, micro greens, baby greens, and mature in greens. This research aimed to determine the quality of microgreens broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) that are water content, total chlorophyll, and dietary fiber due to the influence of planting media and coconut water nutrition. Broccoli microgreens are planted at the Green House of the Faculty of Agriculture, UPN “Veteran” East Java in November-December 2018. Analysis of water content using drying method(thermogravimetri), chlorophyll analysis using spectrophotometry method, and analysis of fiber content with Enzymatic-Gravimetric method. The data were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the post hoc test LSD 5% and HSD 5% and correlation regression between parameters. The results of the study showed an increase in the quality of parameters and there was a close correlation between parameters. Correlation value of water content and total chlorophyll (r = 0.81) with a regression equation y = 1.907 × - 143.2, water content and fiber content (r = 0.84) with regression equation y = 2.628 × - 235.3 and total chlorophyll and fiber content (r = 0.88) with the regression equation y = 1.178 × - 32.05.
Identification of Acetoin Producing Rhizobacteria as Rice Plant Growth Control (Oryza sativa) from The Rhizosphere of Elephant Grass Plant (Pennisetum purpureum) using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Authors: Adrianus  
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The compound of acetoin (3-hydroxybutan-2-butanone) is a volatile compound produced by bacteria that functions as a booster for plant growth or as a biostimulant. Acetoin plays an important role in stimulating the process of organogenesis (morphogenesis) plants so that the formation of plant organs faster and faster plant growth. Besides being able to increase the growth of acetoin, it can also induce plant resistance, increase the formation of branches, roots and flowers so that acetoin can increase plant productivity. The purpose of this study was to identify acetoin-producing rhizobacteria which can stimulate rice growth. Identification of compounds was carried out using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). This study obtained one rhizobacterial isolate capable of producing acetoin which acts as a plant growth booster, namely Rg21. This rhizobacterial isolate was able to increase the number of lateral roots of rice seedlings at the age of 14 days after plants with a percentage increase of 50.00% when compared to controls.
The Efficiency of Rawa Mayo Irrigation Channels in Kurik Sub-Distrik, Merauke
Authors: Permadi MG , Parjono  
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to know the efficiency of irrigation networks and water loss Swamps the Mayo that occurred during the distribution of irrigation. Research methods used in this research is a research field that is by calculating the discharge of water channels, perkolasi, evaporation and seepage. The research results obtained average discharge early in the primary channel of 0.292 m3/s, the final discharge 0.25 m3/s, the loss of water, 0,042 m3/s and the efficiency of irrigation of 85,62%. On the secondary channel 1 average early discharge 0.268 m3/s discharge, 0.153 m3/s end, water loss of 0.115 m3/s and irrigation efficiency of 57,08%. On the secondary channel II early 0.22 m3/s debit, debit end 0.118 m3/s, water loss of 0.102 m3/s and irrigation efficiency of 53,63%. Irrigation efficiency at Mayo swamp irrigation is 46.39% where the value still meets the KP-01 (2013) Irrigation planning standard.
Climate has contrasting direct and indirect effects on armed conflicts
Authors: Helman David , Zaitchik Benjamin F , Funk Chris 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is an active debate regarding the influence that climate has on the risk of armed conflict, which stems from challenges in assembling unbiased datasets, competing hypotheses on the mechanisms of climate influence, and the difficulty of disentangling direct and indirect climate effects. We use gridded historical non-state conflict records, satellite data, and land surface models in a structural equation modeling approach to uncover the direct and indirect effects of climate on violent conflicts in Africa and the Middle East (ME). We show that climate–conflict linkages in these regions are more complex than previously suggested, with multiple mechanisms at work. Warm temperatures and low rainfall direct effects on conflict risk were stronger than indirect effects through food and water supplies. Warming increases the risk of violence in Africa but unexpectedly decreases this risk in the ME. Furthermore, at the country level, warming decreases the risk of violence in most West African countries. Overall, we find a non-linear response of conflict to warming across countries that depends on the local temperature conditions. We further show that magnitude and sign of the effects largely depend on the scale of analysis and geographical context. These results imply that extreme caution should be exerted when attempting to explain or project local climate–conflict relationships based on a single, generalized theory.
Spectroscopic thickness and quality metrics for PtSe2 layers produced by top-down and bottom-up techniques
Authors: Szydłowska Beata M , Hartwig Oliver , Tywoniuk Bartlomiej , Hartman Tomáš , Stimpel-Lindner Tanja , Sofer Zdeněk , McEvoy Niall , Duesberg Georg S , Backes Claudia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Thin films of noble-metal-based transition metal dichalcogenides, such as PtSe2, have attracted increasing attention due to their interesting layer-number dependent properties and application potential. While it is difficult to cleave bulk crystals down to mono- and few-layers, a range of growth techniques have been established producing material of varying quality and layer number. However, to date, no reliable high-throughput characterization to assess layer number exists. Here, we use top-down liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) coupled with centrifugation to produce PtSe2 nanosheets of varying sizes and thicknesses with a low degree of basal plane defectiveness. Measurement of the dimensions by statistical atomic force microscopy allows us to quantitatively link information contained in optical spectra to the dimensions. For LPE nanosheets we establish metrics for lateral size and layer number based on extinction spectroscopy. Further, we compare the Raman spectroscopic response of LPE nanosheets with micromechanically exfoliated PtSe2, as well as thin films produced by a range of bottom up techniques. We demonstrate that the Eg
1 peak position and the intensity ratio of the Eg
1/A1g
1 peaks can serve as a robust metric for layer number across all sample types.This will be of importance in future benchmarking of PtSe2 films.
Preparation of superhydrophobic surface with tunable adhesion on glass substrate
Authors: Zhu Jiyuan , Liao Kaijin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Superhydrophobic coatings help to reduce the surface contamination of glass and improve its performance. A SiO2 nanoparticles superhydrophobic surface with tunable adhesion is obtained on a glass substrate after modifying with PDMS. With the water contact angle of 155.1 ± 3°, the superhydrophobic surface also shows excellent self-cleaning property, good durability and thermal stability. This method is facile, cost-effective and easy to operate and will expand the potential applications of glass materials in different fields.
Ni-coated graphene nanoplatelets and their application as reinforcements for WC-Co cemented carbides
Authors: Yuan Yigao , Xu Xingxing , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the current research, Ni-coated graphene nanoplatelets (Ni-GNPs) were fabricated by electroless Ni plating process. The Co-cemented tungsten carbides (WC-Co) samples doped with Ni-GNPs were obtained by vacuum hot pressing sintering. The effect of various content of Ni-GNPs on the mechanical and frictional properties of as-sintered WC-Co samples was investigated. Vickers hardness of WC-Co samples decreased from 1896 MPa to 1743 MPa with the content of Ni-GNPs varied from 0.0 wt% to 0.4 wt%. The fracture toughness reached to the highest value of 10.85 MPa · m1/2 with 0.05 wt% Ni-GNPs. The friction coefficient dropped from 0.43 of the sample with 0.0 wt% Ni-GNPs to 0.21 of the sample with 0.4 wt% Ni-GNPs. The results revealed that the Ni-GNPs have considerable effect on improving the combination properties of WC-Co cemented carbides. Within the mentioned content range, the optimal content of the Ni-GNPs in WC-Co sample was 0.05 wt%.
Tunable band alignment in boron carbon nitride and blue phosphorene van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Cao Liemao , Wu Qingyun , Ang Yee Sin , Ang L K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The hybrid monolayer of boron nitride and graphene, namely the BC
x
N monolayer, has been recently revealed as a direct bandgap semiconductor with exceptional thermal, mechanical and optical properties. The integration of such monolayer with other 2D materials into a van der Waals heterostructure (VDWH), however, remains largely unexplored thus far. In this work, we investigate the electronic and structural properties of a new class of VDWH obtained via the vertical stacking of BC
x
N (x = 2, 6) and blue phosphorene monolayers. By using first-principle density functional theory (DFT) simulation, we show that BC
x
N couples to the blue phosphorene layer via weak van der Waals interactions and exhibits a type-II band alignment which is beneficial for electron-hole pair separation in photodetection and solar cell applications. Intriguingly, changing the interlayer separation induces a indirect-to-direct band gap transition which changes the band alignment types of the VDWH. The interlayer separation, which can be readily tuned via a vertical strain, thus provides a useful tuning knob for switching the heterostructures between type-I and type-II VDWHs. Our findings reveals the BC
x
N-based VDWH as a versatile material platform with tunable band alignments, thus opening a route towards novel VDWH-based optoelectronic devices.
Mixed-Methods Randomized Evaluation of FAMS: A Mobile Phone-Delivered Intervention to Improve Family/Friend Involvement in Adults’ Type 2 Diabetes Self-Care
Authors: Mayberry Lindsay S , Berg Cynthia A , Greevy Robert A , Nelson Lyndsay A , Bergner Erin M , Wallston Kenneth A , Harper Kryseana J , Elasy Tom A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Family and friends have both helpful and harmful effects on adults’ diabetes self-management. Family-focused Add-on to Motivate Self-care (FAMS) is a mobile phone-delivered intervention designed to improve family/friend involvement, self-efficacy, and self-care via monthly phone coaching, texts tailored to goals, and the option to invite a support person to receive texts.

Purpose
We sought to evaluate how FAMS was received by a diverse group of adults with Type 2 diabetes and if FAMS improved diabetes-specific family/friend involvement (increased helpful and reduced harmful), diabetes self-efficacy, and self-care (diet and physical activity). We also assessed if improvements in family/friend involvement mediated improvements in self-efficacy and self-care.

Methods
Participants were prospectively assigned to enhanced treatment as usual (control), an individualized text messaging intervention alone, or the individualized text messaging intervention plus FAMS for 6 months. Participants completed surveys at baseline, 3 and 6 months, and postintervention interviews. Between-group and multiple mediator analyses followed intention-to-treat principles.

Results
Retention, engagement, and fidelity were high. FAMS was well received and helped participants realize the value of involving family/friends in their care. Relative to control, FAMS participants had improved family/friend involvement, self-efficacy, and diet (but not physical activity) at 3 and 6 months (all ps &lt; .05). Improvements in family/friend involvement mediated effects on self-efficacy and diet for FAMS participants but not for the individualized intervention group.

Conclusions
The promise of effectively engaging patients’ family and friends lies in sustained long-term behavior change. This work represents a first step toward this goal by demonstrating how content targeting helpful and harmful family/friend involvement can drive short-term effects.

Trial Registration Number
NCT02481596.