bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges affecting prompt access to adequate uncomplicated malaria case management in children in rural primary health facilities in Chikhwawa Malawi
Authors: Klootwijk Larissa , Chirwa Anthony Emeritus , Kabaghe Alinune Nathanael , van Vugt Michele 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Reducing the burden of malaria highly depends on access to prompt and effective malaria diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to identify challenges affecting prompt access to effective uncomplicated malaria case management in children below 10 years old in rural primary health care facilities in Malawi.

Methods
A cross sectional health facility survey was conducted in six primary health facilities in Chikhwawa district, Malawi. Officers-in-charge of health facilities were interviewed on availability of staff, supplies and drugs. All consecutive children presenting at the facility with fever or suspected malaria, aged 6 months to 10 years old, were eligible to participate in exit interviews. Exit interviews with participants’ guardians assessed duration of illness, demographic information and distance travelled. Adherence to recommended malaria case management guidelines included performing malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) in children with fever or suspected malaria and prescribing recommended weight-based dose of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) when mRDT was positive. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with prompt care seeking within 24 h of onset of illness.

Results
Health facilities were staffed by at least two health workers. Of 265 children screened, nine were excluded due to severe illness. Twenty-one percent of children presenting at a health facility with fever were not tested for malaria. Adherence to positive and negative mRDT results for those tested was 99.4, 95% CI [98.1–100] and 97, 95% CI [88.9–100], respectively. AL was prescribed as recommended by weight in 152 children (92.2%). Temporary stock outs of AL occurred in five of six facilities. In total, 146 (57, 95% CI [52.7–64.1]) guardians of patients sought care within 24 h after fever onset. Children aged 5 to 10 years were less likely to present within 24 h of fever onset than children below 5 years of age (unadjusted odds ratio 0.40, 95% CI [0.2–0.7]).

Conclusion
Adherence to malaria diagnosis and treatment guidelines was high. However, delayed care seeking and stock outs may affect prompt and effective malaria case management. Further qualitative work is required to determine, and address factors associated with delay in care seeking for fever.
Register-based study concerning the problematic situation of using interpreting service in a region in Sweden
Authors: Hadziabdic Emina , Hjelm Katarina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Due to increasing international migration, Sweden has become a multicultural and multilingual society, with about 19% of the population born abroad, which imposes high demands on the healthcare sector and interpreting services. The aim was to investigate problems in the use of interpreters as recorded by healthcare staff and the interpreter service in a region in Sweden.

Methods
Cross-sectional register-based study. The study focused on a geographically well-defined region in Sweden including (a) specialized care at three hospitals; (b) local healthcare, including out-patient clinics at hospital and emergency healthcare and primary healthcare; and (c) dental care. The study was based on 726 existing incident reports on the interpreting service and information from the interpreter agency from 2012 and the first quarter of 2016 during a period of a massive influx of refugees.

Results
The highest number of adverse advents was reported in local healthcare and mainly concerned the absence of an interpreter at the appointed time. Non-authorized in-person interpreters performed most interpretation assignments and Arabic was the most requested language.

Conclusions
This study highlights the significance of good cooperation between healthcare and the interpreter service in order to guarantee safe and high-quality healthcare for patients in need of interpreters to be able to communicate in healthcare.
SSEP retains its value as predictor of poor outcome following cardiac arrest in the era of therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: Rothstein Ted L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To re-evaluate the role of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and bilateral loss of the N20 cortical wave as a predictor of unfavorable outcome in comatose patients following cardiac arrest (CA) in the therapeutic hypothermia (TH) era.

Methods
Review the results and conclusions drawn from isolated case reports and small series of comatose patients following CA in which the bilateral absence of N20 response has been associated with recovery, and evaluate the proposal that SSEP can no longer be considered a reliable and accurate predictor of unfavorable neurologic outcome.

Results
There are many methodological limitations in those patients reported in the literature with severe post anoxic encephalopathy who recover despite having lost their N20 cortical potential. These limitations include lack of sufficient clinical and neurologic data, severe core body hypothermia, specifics of electrophysiologic testing, technical issues such as background noise artifacts, flawed interpretations sometimes related to interobserver inconsistency, and the extreme variability in interpretation and quality of SSEP analysis among different clinicians and hospitals.

Conclusions
The absence of the SSEP N20 cortical wave remains one of the most reliable early prognostic tools for identifying unfavorable neurologic outcome in the evaluation of patients with severe anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy whether or not they have been treated with TH. When confounding factors are eliminated the false positive rate (FPR) approaches zero.
The RNA-binding ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 functions in ribosome-associated quality control of poly(A) translation
Authors: Hildebrandt Andrea , Brüggemann Mirko , Rücklé Cornelia , Boerner Susan , Heidelberger Jan B. , Busch Anke , Hänel Heike , Voigt Andrea , Möckel Martin M. , Ebersberger Stefanie , Scholz Anica , Dold Annabelle , Schmid Tobias , Ebersberger Ingo , Roignant Jean-Yves , Zarnack Kathi , König Julian , Beli Petra 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Cells have evolved quality control mechanisms to ensure protein homeostasis by detecting and degrading aberrant mRNAs and proteins. A common source of aberrant mRNAs is premature polyadenylation, which can result in non-functional protein products. Translating ribosomes that encounter poly(A) sequences are terminally stalled, followed by ribosome recycling and decay of the truncated nascent polypeptide via ribosome-associated quality control.

Results
Here, we demonstrate that the conserved RNA-binding E3 ubiquitin ligase Makorin Ring Finger Protein 1 (MKRN1) promotes ribosome stalling at poly(A) sequences during ribosome-associated quality control. We show that MKRN1 directly binds to the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC1) and associates with polysomes. MKRN1 is positioned upstream of poly(A) tails in mRNAs in a PABPC1-dependent manner. Ubiquitin remnant profiling and in vitro ubiquitylation assays uncover PABPC1 and ribosomal protein RPS10 as direct ubiquitylation substrates of MKRN1.

Conclusions
We propose that MKRN1 mediates the recognition of poly(A) tails to prevent the production of erroneous proteins from prematurely polyadenylated transcripts, thereby maintaining proteome integrity.
PGG.SNV: understanding the evolutionary and medical implications of human single nucleotide variations in diverse populations
Authors: Zhang Chao , Gao Yang , Ning Zhilin , Lu Yan , Zhang Xiaoxi , Liu Jiaojiao , Xie Bo , Xue Zhe , Wang Xiaoji , Yuan Kai , Ge Xueling , Pan Yuwen , Liu Chang , Tian Lei , Wang Yuchen , Lu Dongsheng , Hoh Boon-Peng , Xu Shuhua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Despite the tremendous growth of the DNA sequencing data in the last decade, our understanding of the human genome is still in its infancy. To understand the implications of genetic variants in the light of population genetics and molecular evolution, we developed a database, PGG.SNV (https://www.pggsnv.org), which gives much higher weight to previously under-investigated indigenous populations in Asia. PGG.SNV archives 265 million SNVs across 220,147 present-day genomes and 1018 ancient genomes, including 1009 newly sequenced genomes, representing 977 global populations. Moreover, estimation of population genetic diversity and evolutionary parameters is available in PGG.SNV, a unique feature compared with other databases.
Effects of thermal maturity and chemical composition of kerogen on its dielectric constant
Authors: Jagadisan Archana , Heidari Zoya 
Published: October 2019

Reliable formation evaluation using borehole geophysical measurements in organic-rich mudrocks requires knowledge about the physical properties of kerogen. For instance, estimates of water-filled pore volume are significantly affected by the assumptions made for dielectric permittivity of kerogen, which can be influenced by thermal maturity. However, the impact of thermal maturity of pure kerogen on its dielectric properties is not yet thoroughly understood. We quantify the dielectric constant of kerogen samples extracted from three formations, with different levels of natural thermal maturity, and we identify the impact of thermal maturity on their dielectric properties. We first isolate kerogen from mudrock samples using physical and chemical treatments. We then synthetically mature the samples in a controlled environment and measure their dielectric constant (at 1 GHz) using a microwave resonator. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) monitors the variation in chemical composition of kerogen. The dielectric constant of the kerogen samples varied significantly in the range of 1.89–3.2 upon being heat treated from 25°C to 650°C. The variation in the dielectric constant is explained by the alteration in the chemical composition and structure of kerogen as a result of thermal maturation. XPS measurements also showed an increase in aromatic carbon content in the kerogen samples as the thermal maturity increased. The documented results enable the integration of the kerogen geochemistry to the interpretation of dielectric measurements, which contributes to improved interpretation of dielectric logs in organic-rich mudrocks, and result in enhanced formation evaluation of these reservoirs.
REVISITING HEART RATE TARGET ZONES THROUGH THE LENS OF WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Scheid Jennifer L. , O’Donnell Emma 
Published: October 2019

Apply It!
By reading this article, the health and fitness professional will
understand how heart rate can be used to monitor exercise intensity,
be given examples of some of the different heart rate zones that are promoted by different fitness technologies, and
understand some of the limitations of technologies for measuring and monitoring heart rate.
ENGINEERING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTO DAILY LIFE THROUGH PUBLIC SPACE
Authors: Bailey Andrew W. , Hamilton Kara 
Published: October 2019

Apply It!
By reading this article the health and fitness professional will:
•understand the barriers urban development places on physical activity
•be able to identify deficits and promote intentional urban design to enhance activity
•understand the importance of community input in park and equipment design, and
•know where to find information about green space needs and park assets.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors in asymptomatic hyperuricemia
Authors: Zhelyabina O. V. , Eliseev M. S. 
Published: October 2019

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AHU) is a condition, in which the serum concentration of uric acid (UA) is increased (>420 μmol/l in men or >360 μmol/l in women) and there are no signs of the formation of urate crystals. The worldwide prevalence rate of AHU has been on the increase in recent decades: it has been detected in approximately every five inhabitants of the Earth. In 10% of adults, hyperuricemia (HU) occurs at least once in a lifetime. In the process of evolution, HU has been useful; it has contributed to the intellectual development of man, owing to the activation of neurostimulating adenosine receptors, and to his survival under cold and hunger conditions. However, the negative role of UA in the genesis of different metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and kidney diseases has been discussed in recent decades. The association of elevated UA levels with almost all CVD risk factors makes it difficult to answer the question of whether UA plays a causative role in the development of heart disease, kidney disease, or carbohydrate metabolism disorders, or it is only a marker for their increased risk.Whether HU that is uncomplicated by joint damage, urolithiasis, or urate nephropathy should be treated is another question that is currently being actively discussed. Although the routine prophylactic urate-lowering therapy is not indicated in the vast majority of cases of AHU, there is growing evidence that this correction is necessary in some groups of patients. The use of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors in a number of trials was accompanied by a reduction in the risk of CVD and by an improvement in renal function. Epidemiological studies have also established that there is a significant positive correlation of the serum concentration of UA with obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular diseases. Further investigations are needed to study the impact of lowering UA levels and that of therapy with XO inhibitors on the progression of different diseases.
Coxitis in early axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Agafonova E. M. , Dubinina T. V. , Rumyantseva D. G. , Demina A. B. , Smirnov A. V. , Erdes Sh. 
Published: October 2019

In Russia, coxitis is one of the most common extra-axial manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, many issues regarding its early diagnosis remain unresolved.Objective: to compare the clinical manifestations of coxitis with the data from an instrumental examination of CoRSAR cohort (Cohort of Early Axial Spondyloarthritis) patients.Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 175 patients (mean age, 28.2±5.7 years) diagnosed as having axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) with inflammatory back pain lasting up to 5 years, which occurred at the age of ≤45 years. There was non-radiographic axSpA (nraxSpA) in 69 patients and AS in 106 patients. 87% of patients were HLA-B27-positive. The median disease duration was 23.8 [1–60] months; BASDAI was 3.3±1.94. Regardless of complaints, all the patients underwent hip X-ray and ultrasound studies and 54 more patients had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results and discussion. The clinical signs of coxitis were present in 95 (54%) patients, of them 60% were diagnosed with AS and 40% had nraxSpA. According to the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), the median hip joint pain was 4 [3; 7]. Limited joint movement was observed in 6 (3.4%) patients. The level of hip joint pain correlated with BASDAI (r=0.53) and ASDAS (r=0.30). The ultrasound signs of coxitis were detected in 42 (24%) patients; of them 26 (62%) had the clinical manifestations of hip joint injury, and such changes were absent in 16 patients. The patients with ultrasound signs of coxitis were noted to have a higher disease activity; peripheral arthritis and enthesitis were more common. According to MRI, coxitis was diagnosed in 39 (72%) of the 54 examinees, while the disease was asymptomatic in 10%.Conclusion. Different diagnostic methods used in patients with early axSpA could reveal coxitis in 33% of cases. The patients with coxitis show higher laboratory disease activity than those without hip joint injury. It is necessary to include MRI and ultrasound in the mandatory examination of patients with axSpA.
Systemic lupus erythematosus with the development of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome) is a rare combination of autoimmune diseases
Authors: Vinogradova E. S. , Panova A. P. , Bulanov N. M. , Novikov P. I. , Moiseev S. V. 
Published: October 2019

Neuromyelitis optica ((NMO), Devic's syndrome) is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by transverse myelitis and optic neuritis. Determination of the level of antibodies to aquaporin 4 (NMO-IgG) is presently one of the key methods for the diagnosis and assessment of the activity of ONM, which allows this disease to be differentiated from multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating CNS lesions. ONM can occur not only as an independent disease, but also as a syndrome in different systemic diseases, such as: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides, Sjögren's disease, etc. (up to 50–70%). In such situations, the clinician is always confronted with a question as whether the patient can have two rare autoimmune diseases or develop ONM as a systemic manifestation of rheumatic disease.The paper describes a clinical case of a young female patient with SLE concurrent with a CNS lesion, the manifestations of which corresponded to ONM. The patient had focal changes in the substance of the brain and spinal cord, as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging, as well as high NMO-IgG titers. The development of ONM worsens SLE prognosis and requires active immunosuppressive therapy. The patient received three plasmapheresis sessions, ultrahigh-dose glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide therapy, followed by replacement with azathioprine, causing a stable clinical and laboratory disease remission to be achieved.
Úvodník k trojici článků věnovaným disertačním pracím v oboru didaktika biologie, fyziky a chemie
Authors: Žák Vojtěch , Rusek Martin , Pavlasová Lenka 
Published: October 2019

Tři analýzy nabídnuté v tomto čísle časopisu Scientia in educatione jsou jedním z počátečních kroků širšího záměru, který by měl směřovat k vytvoření jakési databáze, sítě materiálů a odkazů, která by zahrnovala odborné publikace a jejich zdroje, které považujeme za relevantní v našich oborech. Těmito obory míníme didaktiku fyziky, didaktiku chemie, didaktiku biologie,příp. didaktiky dalších přírodovědných oborů.Autoři předložených analýz postupovali v zásadě podle shodné metodiky; každý ji ale uchopil do určité míry rozdílným způsobem. Autoři shodně shrnují počty disertačních prací obhájených v daných letech, pracoviště, na nichž byly práce vytvořeny, genderové zastoupení autorek a autorů, dále využité metody sběru dat a stupeň vzdělávání, na který jsou disertační práce zaměřeny.
Finanční gramotnost v projektovaném kurikulu Austrálie
Authors: Ševčík Karel 
Published: October 2019

Fenoménu finanční gramotnosti je v současnosti v celosvětovém měřítku věnováno stále více pozornosti. Důvodem je nejen nedávná finanční krize, ale především narůstající finanční problémy, jež mají vliv na život jednotlivců. I proto se neustále zvyšuje počet států, jenž implementují prvky finančního vzdělávání do svých národních kurikul. Jedním ze států, které mají dlouholetou zkušenost s danou problematikou, je i Austrálie, v níž je finanční gramotnost u žáků rozvíjena formou samostatného předmětu. Jádro studie tak představuje analýzu rozvoje konceptu finanční gramotnosti v australském projektovaném kurikulu, která je založena na metodě informační analýzy. Studie má ambici podpořit reflexi a nabídnout inspiraci pro rozvoj finanční problematiky v českém kurikulu. Dílčím výstupem je pak vytvoření návrhu kategoriálního systému, na základě poznatků získaných z analýzy australského kurikula a dalších dostupných studií. Výsledky šetření ukazují, že finanční gramotnost je kromě samostatného předmětu zastoupena také v rámci předmětu matematiky, a to již od počátečních stupňů vzdělávání. Za vhodné považují autoři také přístup k tématům finanční problematiky z perspektivy obsahové a dovednostní.
Využitie metódy concept cartoons© na hodinách prírodovedy z pohľadu učiteľov prvého stupňa ZŠ
Authors: Minárechová Michaela 
Published: October 2019

V príspevku sa venujeme metóde concept cartoons© a jej aplikácii do vyučovania prírodovedy na I.stupni ZŠ. Okrem toho stručne opisujeme príručku k metóde concept cartoons© pre ZŠ, ktorú sme zostavili v rámci našej dizertačnej práce. Pre lepšie posúdenie príručky a možnosti aplikácie metódy concept cartoons© na hodinách prírodovedy sme realizovali rozhovor s tromi učiteľkami primárneho vzdelávania. Našim cieľom bolo zistiť ich názory na vyučovanie pomocou concept cartoons© a na nami zostavenú metodickú rukoväť k metóde concept cartoons© pre I. stupeň ZŠ. Prostredníctvom analýzy odpovedí učiteliek sme zistili prevažne pozitívny názor ako na samotnú metódu concept cartoons©, tak aj na zostavenú metodickú príručku k nej.
Školní projekty ve výuce přírodovědných předmětů na 2. stupni základních škol – česko-slovenský srovnávací výzkum
Authors: Pouchová Milena 
Published: October 2019

Článek se zabývá současným stavem začleňování školních projektů do výuky přírodovědných předmětů na 2. stupni základních škol. Představuje část výsledků česko-slovenského srovnávacího výzkumu založeného na dotazníkovém šetření provedeném v červnu 2009 na náhodně vytvořeném vzorku 180 českých a 71 slovenských škol. Cílem průzkumu bylo zjistit, v jaké míře je projektového vyučování v současnosti využíváno, a poskytnout tak podklad pro další specifické výzkumy. Dotazníkové šetření bylo orientováno na počet a hlavní charakteristiky uskutečněných projektů (např. délku, počet zapojených předmětů, tříd a pedagogů), na některé činnosti učitelů a žáků v projektech a také na postoje učitelů k této koncepci.
Predstavy žiakov o vylučovacej a endokrinnej sústave
Authors: Kubiatko Milan 
Published: October 2019

Cieľom výskumu bolo zistiť predstavy žiakov druhého stupňa základných škôl o vylučovacej a endokrinnej sústave. Predvýskumu sa zúčastnilo 78 respondentov a hlavného výskumného šetrenia 204 respondentov. Ako výskumný nástroj slúžil obrys ľudského tela, do ktorého respondenti zakresľovali požadované informácie. Ďalším cieľom bolo determinovať vplyv vybraných premenných, ktoré môžu vplývať na úroveň mylných predstáv. Medzi tieto premenné patrili: gender, umiestnenie základnej školy (vidiek vs. mesto), navštevovaný ročník, prítomnosť lekára v rodine a vnímanie vlastného zdravia. Na určenie rozdielu medzi skupinami nezávislých premenných bola použitá analýza rozptylu. Pri porovnaní vylučovacej a endokrinnej sústavy boli orgány vylučovacej sústavy zakresľované častejšie. Premenné s významným vplyvom na predstavy žiakov o vylučovacej a endokrinnej sústave boli gender, navštevovaný ročník, umiestnenie školy a vnímanie vlastného zdravia.
Microextracción en fase sólida de compuestos volátiles en albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Authors: González-Zúñiga Juan Antonio , González-Sánchez Héctor Manuel , González- Palomares Salvador , Rosales-Reyes Tábata , Andrade-González Isaac 
Published: October 2019

Los compuestos volátiles de la albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) fueron extraídos mediante la microextracción en fase sólida (SPME) y analizados con cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). Se evaluaron dos fibras, Polidimetilsiloxano/Divinilbenceno (PDMS/DVB, 65 μm) y Carbowax/Divinilbenceno (CW/DVB, 65 μm), para comparar la extracción de componentes. Entre los 25 compuestos volátiles recuperados en la albahaca, se identificaron fenilpropanoides, monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos, ésteres, y aldehídos. Hubieron diferencias significativas (P < 0,05) entre las fibras analizadas. La comparación de las dos fibras mostró que la extracción con la fibra CW/DVB es aparentemente mejor tanto en el número de componentes aislados como en la concentración total de los compuestos. Cuantitativamente, el componente más importante fue el cinamato de metilo, seguido por el linalol.