bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Ethiopian Paediatricians On Childhood Eye Diseases
Authors: Regassa Tolosa Tufa , Mengesha Aemero Abateneh , Daba Kumale Tolesa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Eye examination and vision assessment are vital for the detection of conditions that result in blindness. Childhood blindness has serious impact on development, education and future employment opportunities for the affected child. Pediatrician’s knowledge about eye disease is important in preventing blindness by early diagnosis, proper treatment and identifying conditions requiring referral to the ophthalmologist to preserve or restore vision. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of Ethiopian pediatricians’ on childhood eye diseases.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done on 79 pediatricians working in various hospitals and clinics in Ethiopia. Participants were determined using convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using both closed and opened ended semi-structured questionnaires. Their responses were entered into EpiData 3.1 and transferred to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 software for analysis.Results: The findings of the study showed that participants in this study had positive attitude (94.9%) towards childhood eye diseases, even though this was not reflected in actual knowledge and practice. Poor knowledge and low practice in the context of positive attitude may be due to various barriers like inadequate training during undergraduate, lack ophthalmology attachment during pediatric residency and unavailability of ophthalmic equipment.Conclusions: Participants’ attitude towards childhood eye disease was positive, but their knowledge of eye diseases made their practice poor.
FGL1 Regulates Acquired Resistance to Gefitinib by Inhibiting Apoptosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sun Cuilan , Gao Weiwei , Liu Jiatao , Cheng Hao , Hao Jiqing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: This study investigated the role of fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) in regulating gefitinib resistance of PC9/GR non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The effect of different concentrations of gefitinib on cell proliferation were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. FGL1 expression in the normal human bronchial epithelial cell line Beas-2B, as well as four lung tumor cell lines, H1975, A549, PC9, and PC9/GR, was investigated by using western blotting and qRT-PCR. FGL1 was knocked down using small interfering RNA to evaluate the effects of FGL1 on PC9 and PC9/GR. The correlation between FGL1 expression and gefitinib resistance was determined in vitro via CCK-8 and colony formation assays, and flow cytometry and in vivo via flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.7 Results: FGL1 expression was significantly upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer cells with EGFR mutation and higher in the gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell line PC9/GR than in the gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC cell line PC9. Further, FGL1 expression in PC9 and PC9/GR cells increased in response to gefitinib treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of FGL1 suppressed cell viability, reduced the gefitinib IC50 value, and enhanced apoptosis in PC9 and PC9/GR cells upon gefitinib treatment. Mouse xenograft experiments showed that FGL1 knockdown in PC9/GR tumor cells enhanced the inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing actions of gefitinib. The potential mechanism of gefitinib in inducing apoptosis of PC9/GR cells involves inhibition of PARP1 and caspase 3 expression via suppression of FGL1.Conclusions: FGL1 confers gefitinib resistance in the NSCLC cell line PC9/GR by regulating the PARP1/caspase 3 pathway. Hence, FGL1 is a potential therapeutic target to improve the treatment response of NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to gefitinib.
A preoperative nomogram predicts prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Huang Dabing , Shen Yinan , Zhang Wei , Guo Chengxiang , Bai Xueli , Liang Ting-Bo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Although criteria for liver transplantation, such as the Milan criteria and Hangzhou experiences, have become popular, criteria to guide adjuvant therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation are lacking.
Methods
We collected data from all consecutive patients from 2012 to 2019 at three liver transplantation centers in China retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze preoperative parameters, such as demographic and clinical data. Using data obtained in our center, calibration curves and the concordance Harrell’s C-indices were used to establish the final model. The validation cohort comprised the patients from the other centers.
Results
Data from 233 patients were used to construct the nomogram. The validation cohort comprised 36 patients. Independent predictors of overall survival (OS) were identified as HbeAg positive (P = 0.044), blood-type compatibility unmatched (P = 0.034), liver transplantation criteria (P = 0.003), and high MELD score (P = 0.037). For the validation cohort, to predict OS, the C-index of the nomogram was 0.874. Based on the model, patients could be assigned into low-risk (≥ 50%), intermediate-risk (30–50%), and high-risk (≤ 30%) groups to guide adjuvant therapy after surgery and to facilitate personalized management.
Conclusions
The OS in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation could be accurately predicted using the developed nomogram.
The Effectiveness of Prolotherapy for Recalcitrant Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome: A Prospective Case Series
Authors: Padhiar Nat , Curtin Mark , Aweid Osama , Awied Bashaar , Morrissey Dylan , Chan Otto , Malliaras Peter , Crisp Tom 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is one of the most common lower leg injuries in sporting populations. It accounts for between 6%-16% of all running injuries, and up to 53% of lower leg injuries in military recruits. Various treatment modalities are available with varying degree of success. In recalcitrant cases, surgery is often the only option.Objective: To evaluate whether ultrasound-guided injection of 15% dextrose for treatment of recalcitrant Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome decreases pain and facilitates a return to desired activity levels for those who may otherwise be considering surgery or giving up sport.Design: Prospective case seriesSetting: Private specialist CentrePatients: Eighteen patients: fifteen male and three female; (mean age=31.2 years) with MTSS were referred from sports injury clinics across the UK, having failed all available conservative treatment.Intervention: An ultrasound-guided sub-periosteal injection of 15% dextrose was administered by the same clinician (NP) along the length of the symptomatic area. Typically, 1 mL of solution was injected per cm of symptomatic area. Main Outcome Measures: Pain was assessed using a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline, short-term, medium-term (mean 18 weeks) and long-term (mean one year) follow-up. Symptom resolution and return to activity were measured using a Likert scale at medium and long-term follow-up. Results: Patients reported a significant (p<0.01) reduction in median VAS pain score at medium and long-term follow-up compared to baseline. Median improvement per patient was 4.5/10. Patients rated their condition as ‘much improved’ at medium-term follow-up and median return to sport score was ‘returned to desired but not pre-injury level’ at medium-term and long-term follow-up. No adverse events were reported.Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided 15% dextrose prolotherapy injection has a significant medium-term effect on pain in MTSS. This benefit may be maintained long-term. More robust trials are required to validate these findings.Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should consider the use of ultrasound-guided injection of 15% dextrose as a viable treatment option to reduce pain and aid return to activity for patients with recalcitrant Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome.
The First De Novo Transcriptome Assembly From the Gonads of a Scleractinian Coral Euphyllia Ancora: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Scleractinian Gametogenesis
Authors: Chiu Yi-Ling , Shikina Shinya , Yoshioka Yuki , Shinzato Chuya , Chang Ching-Fong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Sexual reproduction of scleractinians has captured the attention of researchers and the general public for decades. Although extensive ecological data has been acquired, underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, to better understand mechanisms underlying gametogenesis, we isolated ovaries and testes at different developmental phases from a gonochoric coral, Euphyllia ancora, and adopted a transcriptomic approach to reveal sex- and phase-specific gene expression profiles. In particular, we explored genes associated with oocyte development and maturation, spermiogenesis, sperm motility / capacitation, and fertilization.Results: 1.6 billion raw reads were obtained from 24 gonadal samples. De novo assembly of trimmed reads, and elimination of contigs derived from symbiotic algae (Symbiodiniaceae) and other organisms yielded a reference E. ancora gonadal transcriptome of 35,802 contigs. Differential gene expression analysis of 4 developmental phases of ovaries and testes identified 2,023 and 678 differentially expressed genes in oogenesis and spermatogenesis, respectively. In premature/mature ovaries, 631 genes were specifically upregulated, with 538 in mature testes. Upregulated genes included those involved in gametogenesis, gamete maturation, sperm motility / capacitation, and fertilization in other metazoans, including humans. Meanwhile, a large number of genes without homology to sequences in the SWISS-PROT database were also observed among upregulated genes in premature / mature ovaries and mature testes.Conclusions: Our findings show that scleractinian gametogenesis shares many molecular characteristics with that of other metazoans, but it also possesses unique characteristics developed during cnidarian and/or scleractinian evolution. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to create a gonadal transcriptome assembly from any scleractinian. This study and associated datasets provide a foundation for future studies regarding gametogenesis and differences between male and female colonies from molecular and cellular perspectives. Furthermore, our transcriptome assembly will be a useful reference for future development of sex-specific and/or stage-specific germ cell markers that can be used in coral aquaculture and ecological studies.
A standardized framework to evaluate the quality of studies using TDABC in healthcare: The TDABC in Healthcare Consortium Consensus Statement
Authors: Etges Ana Paula Beck da Silva , Polanczyk Carisi Anne , Urman Richard D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
This Consensus Statement introduces a standardized framework, in a checklist format, to support future development and report of TDABC studies in healthcare, and to encourage their reproducibility. Additionally, it establishes the first formal networking of TDABC researchers through the creation of the TDABC for Health Care Consortium.
Methods
A consensus group of researchers reviewed the most relevant TDABC studies available in Medline and Scopus databases to identify the initial elements of the checklist. Using a Delphi process, each element received a recommendation regarding where in the scientific article section it should be placed and whether the element was required or suggested. A questionnaire was circulated with expert researchers in the field to provide additional recommendations regarding the content of the checklist and the strength of recommendation for each included element.
Results
The TDABC standardized framework includes 32 elements, provides recommendations where in the scientific article to include each element, and the strength of each recommendation. All 32 elements were validated, with 21 elements classified as mandatory and 11 as suggested but not mandatory.
Conclusions
This is the first standardized framework to support the development and reporting of TDABC research in healthcare and to stablish a community of experts in TDABC methodology. We expect that it can contribute to scale strategies that would result in cost-savings outcomes and in value-oriented strategies that can be adopted in healthcare systems and institutions.
Factors associated with quality of life among joint and nuclear families using the World Health Organization's quality of life instrument (WHOQOL-BREF).
Authors: Lodhi Fahad Saqib , Rabbani Unaib , Khan Adeel Ahmed , Raza Owais , Naieni Kourosh Holakouie , Yaseri Mehdi , Farooq Umer , Montazeri Ali 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Family system has been found to affect the quality of life (QOL) among joint and nuclear family systems. In Pakistan, there is scarcity of literature about QOL among joint and nuclear family systems. We determined the factors associated with QOL scores in joint and nuclear family systems in Pakistani general population in District Abbottabad, Pakistan.
Methods
We conducted a population based cross sectional study in all 52 Union Councils (UCs) of District Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan from March 2015 to August 2015. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 2063 participants from both nuclear and joint family houses. A validated Urdu version of WHO QOL-BREF was used to assess level of quality of life among participants. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to find out the association of different socio demographic variables with QOL among both family systems. A multilevel linear regression using backward analysis allowing to obtain final model for each domain was done to find out the variables that affect QOL score among both family systems.
Results
A total of 2063 participants were included in this study (51.0% joint family, 49.0% nuclear family) with the response rate of 97.4%. In multiple linear regression analysis of each domain for joint and nuclear family systems, rural as compare to urban residence (p < 0.001), being female as compare to males (p < 0.001), increasing age as unit a decade (p < 0.001), having any disease as compare to absence of disease (p < 0.001) low socioeconomic status (SES) as compare to high SES (p < 0.001) were found out to be strong predictor of poorer QOL. Furthermore social capital (p < 0.001) had a positive effect on joint and nuclear family QOL scores.
Conclusion
Our study was the first of its kind which determined the factors of QOL scores in joint and nuclear families using validated WHO QOL-BREF in Pakistan. Male gender, urban residence, younger age, higher socio-economic status and social capital were positive predictors of QOL score while increasing age and presence of illness were associated with lower QOL scores among both family systems.
Modelling an unconventional closed-loop deep borehole heat exchanger (DBHE): Sensitivity Analysis on the Newberry Volcanic Setting
Authors: Doran Hannah Rose , Renaud Theo , Falcone Gioia , Pan Lehua , Verdin Patrick 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Geothermal energy is a baseload resource that has the potential to contribute significantly to the transition to a low-carbon future. Alternative (unconventional) deep geothermal designs are thus needed to provide a secure and efficient energy supply. Current Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) are under technical review as a result of the associated low recovery factors and risk of induced seismicity in connection with reservoir stimulation operations, and Supercritical EGS (SEGS) concepts are still under early research and development. The Newberry and Icelandic Deep Drilling Projects (NDDP and IDDP) aid these developments to drill deeper into very hot temperature zones.

An in-depth sensitivity analysis was investigated considering a deep borehole closed-loop heat exchanger (DBHE) to overcome the current limitations of deep EGS. Using the DBHE, cold working fluid is pumped down in the outer annulus and rises to the surface via natural convection or is pumped up via an inner tubing. A T2Well/EOS1 model previously calibrated on an experimental DBHE in Hawaii was adapted to the current NWG 55-29 well at the Newberry volcano site in Central Oregon. A sensitivity analysis was carried out, including parameters such as: the working fluid mass flow rate, the casing and cement thermal properties and the wellbore radii dimensions. The results allow an assessment of key thermodynamics within the wellbore and provide an insight into how heat is lost/gained throughout the system. This analysis was performed under the assumption of sub-critical conditions. Requirements for further software development are briefly discussed, which would facilitate the modelling of unconventional geothermal wells in supercritical systems.
ECG-based Predictors of Re-infarction or Death on the Hospital Admission 12-Lead ECG among UA/NSTEMI Patients: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dzikowicz Dillon J , Mulligan Darcey H. , Carey Mary G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The incidence of unstable angina/ non-ST elevation MI (UA/NSTEMI) continues to rise. The electrocardiogram (ECG) remains the first-line assessment of cardiac conduction and myocardial ischemia, and is performed within the first 10-minutes of hospital presentation. Despite recent advances in treatment, in-hospital death and re-infarction continues as a result of delayed interventions. Since the ECG is a rapid test to guide treatment decisions, it is crucial emergency providers understand the prognostic value of characteristics on the admission 12-lead ECG to decide treatments which may reduce the risk of re-infarction and death. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the significance of these ECG findings associated with in-hospital death and re-infarction. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted to comprehensively assess the prognostic value of specific characteristics on the admission 12-lead ECG associated with re-infarction and death. This is the protocol for such review and meta-analysis. Electronic databases and specific cardiovascular journals will be searched using predefined search terms to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies will be peer-reviewed research articles with empirical findings on the risk re-infarction and death based on characteristics on the admission 12-lead ECG. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and GRADE. Citations will be managed using EndNote X9. A random effects meta-analysis will be conducted with the Meta-Essentials package and STATA. Discussion This study will be among the first to systematically evaluate and quantitatively assess the evidence available on the prognostic value of characteristics on the admission 12-lead ECG for the risk of re-infarction and death. This study will inform clinicians about the significance of characteristics on the admission 12-lead ECG so better treatment decisions can be made, as well as inform new research opportunities in the field of cardiovascular risk stratification. Registration This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; ID CRD42020158491).
Outcomes of 42 pregnancies in 14 women with cartilage-hair hypoplasia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Holopainen Elina , Vakkilainen Svetlana , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature, immunodeficiency, anemia and risk of malignancies. All these features can affect pregnancy and predispose to maternal and fetal complications. This study aimed to evaluate obstetric history and maternal and fetal outcomes in women with CHH.
Methods
Among 47 Finnish women with CHH, we identified 14 with pregnancy-related diagnoses in the National Hospital Discharge Registry and obtained detailed data on gynecologic and obstetric history with a questionnaire. Offspring birth length and weight were collected and compared with population-based normal values.
Results
There were altogether 42 pregnancies in 14 women (median height 124 cm, range 105–139). Twenty-six pregnancies (62%), including one twin pregnancy, led to a delivery. Miscarriages, induced abortions and ectopic pregnancies complicated 9, 5, and 2 pregnancies, respectively. Severe pregnancy-related complications were rare. All women with CHH delivered by cesarean section, mostly due to evident cephalo-pelvic disproportion, and in 25/26 cases at full-term. In the majority, the birth length (median 48 cm, range 45.5–50) and weight (3010 g, range 2100–3320) of the offspring in full-term singleton pregnancies was normal.
Conclusions
Despite CHH mothers’ significant short stature and other potential CHH-related effects on pregnancy outcome, most pregnancies lead to a term cesarean section delivery. Since fetal growth was generally unaffected, cephalo-pelvic disproportion was evident and elective cesarean section should be planned in term pregnancies.
Survival and diagnostic age of 175 Taiwanese patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (1985-2019)
Authors: Lin Hsiang-Yu , Lee Chung-Lin , Chang Chia-Ying , Chiu Pao Chin , Chien Yin-Hsiu , Niu Dau-Ming , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Hwu Wuh-Liang , Lin Shio Jean , Lin Ju-Li , Chao Mei-Chyn , Chang Tung-Ming , Tsai Wen-Hui , Wang Tzu-Jou , Chuang Chih-Kuang , Lin Shuan-Pei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of inherited metabolic diseases, which are characterized by the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, and eventually lead to the progressive damage of various tissues and organs.MethodsAn epidemiological study of MPS in Taiwan was performed using multiple sources. The survival and diagnostic age for different types of MPS between 1985 and 2019 were evaluated.ResultsBetween 1985 and 2019, there were 175 patients diagnosed with MPS disorders in the Taiwanese population, with a median diagnostic age of 3.9 years. There were 21 (12%), 78 (45%), 33 (19%), 32 (18%) and 11 (6%) patients diagnosed with MPS I, II, III, IV and VI, respectively, with median diagnostic ages of 1.5, 3.8, 4.7, 4.5 and 3.7 years, respectively. Diagnosis of MPS patients was significantly earlier in recent decades (p<0.01). Pilot newborn screening programs for MPS I, II, VI, IVA, and IIIB were progressively introduced in Taiwan from 2016, and 48% (16/33) of MPS patients diagnosed between 2016 and 2019 were diagnosed by one of these screening programs, with a median diagnostic age at 0.2 years. For patients born between 2016 and 2019, up to 94% (16/17) were diagnosed with MPS via the newborn screening programs. At the time of this study, 81 patients had passed away with a median age at death of 15.6 years. Age at diagnosis was positively correlated with life expectancy (p<0.01). Life expectancy also significantly increased between 1985 and 2019, however this increase was gradual (p<0.01).ConclusionsThe life expectancy of Taiwanese patients with MPS has improved in recent decades and patients are being diagnosed earlier. Because of the progressive nature of the disease, early diagnosis by newborn screening programs and timely implementation of early therapeutic interventions may lead to better clinical outcomes.