bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of salivary inflammatory biomarkers with primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Moreno‐Quispe Luz A. , Serrano Julia , Virto Leire , Sanz Mariano , Ramírez Lucía , Fernández‐Castro Mónica , Hernández Gonzalo , López‐Pintor Rosa María 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that leads to salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction. The adaptive immune response associated with T helper‐2 lymphocytes appears to be altered in these patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the salivary levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐5, and IL‐4 in patients with pSS when compared to a healthy control (HC) group. The secondary objectives were to study whether ILs levels in pSS patients were associated with salivary flow, patient‐reported outcomes (PROMs) for xerostomia and oral health quality of life (Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 [OHIP‐14]), pSS classification criteria and presence of extraglandular manifestations.MethodsA case‐control study was conducted in 36 patients with pSS and 35 HCs. Cytokine levels were measured using high‐sensitivity multiplex map human immunoassays. Unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva were collected and patients filled out questionnaires. The Mann‐Whitney U test, chi‐squared test, and Spearman correlation test were used.ResultsInterleukin‐6 was significantly higher in pSS patients than in HCs (P = .0001). IL‐6 was significantly higher in pSS patients with a positive salivary gland biopsy (P = .04), whole stimulated saliva hyposalivation (P = .02), and presence of musculoskeletal disorders (P = .03). There was a non‐significant positive correlation between IL‐6 levels and PROMs for xerostomia (r = .31; P = .06) and OHIP‐14 (r = .07; P = .68) in pSS patients. Levels of IL‐4 and IL‐5 were not detected in both pSS and HCs patients.ConclusionsSalivary IL‐6 levels are significantly associated with pSS patients, and therefore, it is hypothesized that this biomarker may be useful in the diagnosis and follow‐up of this disease.
Associations between multiple occupational exposures and sleep problems: Results from the national French Working Conditions survey
Authors: Bertrais Sandrine , André Noëmie , Bèque Marilyne , Chastang Jean‐François , Niedhammer Isabelle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudies evaluating the effects of multiple occupational exposures on sleep are very rare. We assessed the associations between a wide range of occupational exposures and sleep problems and investigated the cumulative effects of these exposures on this outcome. We used data from the French 2016 Working Conditions survey conducted on a nationally representative sample of workers, including 20,430 employees aged 15–65 yr (8,579 men, 11,851 women). Sleep problems were defined by either sleep disturbances or sleep medication, almost daily or several times a week. Occupational exposures included 21 psychosocial work factors grouped into five dimensions, four factors related to working time/hours and four factors related to the physical work environment. Unadjusted and adjusted weighted robust Poisson regression analyses were performed. Almost all psychosocial work exposures were associated with sleep problems, whereas the only significant working time/hours factor associated with sleep problems was night work among women. Some gender differences in the exposure–outcome associations were found. The prevalence ratio of sleep problems increased with the number of exposures for most dimensions of psychosocial work factors. Physical work exposures were associated with sleep problems, and there was a linear association between the number of these occupational exposures and sleep problems in both genders, although the trend did not reach statistical significance among women. Workplace preventive strategies targeting the work environment comprehensively may be effective in improving sleep among working populations. More attention should be given to multiple exposures in the workplace.
The urge to move: From restless legs syndrome to impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Marques Ana , Figorilli Michela , Lambert Céline , Pereira Bruno , Vidal Tiphaine , Montplaisir Jacques , Durif Franck , Livia Fantini Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImpulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are defined as a failure to resist an “urge” to behave in a way that may be debilitating for oneself or others. The suggested immobilization test (SIT) has been developed to assess the “urge” to move and support the diagnosis of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in the general population and in PD. A clinical association between RLS and ICDs has been shown in PD and in the general population. We hypothesized that there could be a semiological overlap between RLS and ICDs, and conducted SIT in PD patients with and without ICDs. Fifty PD patients with (n = 17) and without (n = 33) current ICDs were included. SIT, videopolysomnography, demographical treatment, and motor, psycho‐behavioural and sleep characteristics, including RLS, were recorded. PD patients with ICDs reported increased subjective discomfort during SIT (SD‐SIT) compared to those without ICDs (p = .024). Multivariable analysis confirmed ICDs as an independent factor associated with increased SD‐SIT in PD, regardless of the presence of RLS, PD severity and dopamine agonist treatment dose. The discomfort measured by SIT might not only reflect the “urge” to move in RLS but also the ICDs in PD, suggesting that ICDs and RLS in PD could share a common phenomenology.
Similar Conceptual Mapping of Novel Objects in Mixed‐ and Single‐Language Contexts in Fluent Basque‐Spanish Bilinguals
Authors: Antón Eneko , Thierry Guillaume , Dimitropoulou María , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParticipants learned the meaning of novel objects by listening to two complementary definitions while watching videos of the new object, in a single‐language context (all in Spanish) or a mixed‐language context (one definition in Basque, one in Spanish). Then, participants were asked to assess the degree of functional relatedness between novel and familiar objects in two conditions: identical (both definitions overlap) or related (single definition overlap). Relatedness ratings differed significantly between conditions, but they were highly similar across language contexts. Furthermore, items in the identical condition elicited a P300‐like event‐related potential component, while related items elicited a wave of lesser amplitude. Critically, the amplitude differences between conditions did not differ between language contexts. No interaction was found with proficiency level across participants. In line with previous findings, we show no measurable impact of mixing languages during the establishment of a link between novel objects and existing conceptual representations in bilinguals.
Recent insights into barley and Rhynchosporium commune interactions
Authors: Zhang Xuechen , Ovenden Ben , Milgate Andrew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRhynchosporium commune is the causal pathogen of scald in barley (Hordeum vulgare), a foliar disease that can reduce yield by up to 40% in susceptible cultivars. R. commune is found worldwide in all temperate growing regions and is regarded as one of the most economically important barley pathogens. It is a polycyclic pathogen with the ability to rapidly evolve new virulent strains in response to resistance genes deployed in commercial cultivars. Hence, introgression and pyramiding of different loci for resistance (qualitative or quantitative) through marker‐assisted selection is an effective way to improve scald resistance in barley. This review summarizes all 148 resistance quantitative trait loci reported at the date of submission of this review and projects them onto the barley physical map, where it is clear many loci co‐locate on chromosomes 3H and 7H. We have summarized the major named resistance loci and reiterated the renaming of Rrs15 (CI8288) to Rrs17. This review provides a comprehensive resource for future discovery and breeding efforts of qualitative and quantitative scald resistance loci.
GDSL lipase occluded stomatal pore 1 is required for wax biosynthesis and stomatal cuticular ledge formation
Authors: Tang Jing , Yang Xianpeng , Xiao Chuanlei , Li Jiaying , Chen Yongqiang , Li Ruiying , Li Shipeng , Lü Shiyou , Hu Honghong 
Published: June 2020

Summary

The plant leaf surface is coated with a waterproof cuticle layer. Cuticle facing the stomatal pore surface needs to be sculpted to form outer cuticular ledge (OCL) after stomatal maturation for efficient gas exchange. Here, we characterized the roles of Arabidopsis GDSL lipase, Occlusion of Stomatal Pore 1 (OSP1), in wax biosynthesis and stomatal OCL formation.

OSP1 mutation results in significant reduction in leaf wax synthesis and occlusion of stomata, leading to increased epidermal permeability, decreased transpiration rate, and enhanced drought tolerance. We demonstrated that OSP1 activity is critical for its role in wax biosynthesis and stomatal function. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that OSP1 possesses thioesterase activity, particularly on C22:0 and C26:0 acyl‐CoAs.

Genetic interaction analyses with CER1 (ECERIFERUM 1), CER3 (ECERIFERUM 3) and MAH1 (Mid‐chain Alkane Hydroxylase 1) in wax biosynthesis and stomatal OCL formation showed that OSP1 may act upstream of CER3 in wax biosynthesis, and implicate that wax composition percentage changes and keeping ketones in a lower level play roles, at least partially, in forming stomatal ledges.

Our findings provided insights into the molecular mechanism mediating wax biosynthesis and highlighted the link between wax biosynthesis and the process of stomatal OCL formation.
Associations of short sleep duration with appetite‐regulating hormones and adipokines: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Jianfei , Jiang Yanrui , Wang Guanghai , Meng Min , Zhu Qi , Mei Hao , Liu Shijian , Jiang Fan 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn the current study, a systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to summarize and assess whether short sleep duration is associated with appetite‐regulating hormones and adipokine levels. Reference databases were searched for studies related to sleep and appetite‐regulating hormones and adipokines. Qualitative and quantitative syntheses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and the level of appetite‐regulating hormones and adipokines, including leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and orexin. Twenty‐one of 3536 studies, covering a total of 2250 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin were included in the meta‐analysis. Ghrelin levels were higher in the short sleep group (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.14, 95% CI [0.03, 0.25], p = 0.01). Significant differences between the short sleep group and recommended sleep group were also noted in leptin level experimental subgroup studies (SMD = 0.19, 95% CI [0.03, 0.35], p = 0.02) and ghrelin level cross‐sectional subgroup studies (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI [0.02, 0.27], p = 0.03). A rise in leptin and ghrelin levels were also observed in sleep deprivation groups (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI [0.10, 0.39], p = 0.001 and SMD = 0.18, 95% CI [0.04, 0.33], p = 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, short sleep duration is associated with an increased ghrelin level, while sleep deprivation had a significant effect on the levels of both leptin and ghrelin.
Varying presentations of COVID‐19 in young heart transplant recipients: A case series
Authors: Lee Hannah , Mantell Benjamin S. , Richmond Marc E. , Law Sabrina P. , Zuckerman Warren A. , Addonizio Linda J. , Lee Teresa M. , Lytrivi Irene D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmunosuppression is considered a risk factor for more severe clinical presentation of COVID‐19. Limited data regarding clinical outcome exist in adults, whereas very little is known about the spectrum of the disease in pediatric heart transplant recipients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the charts of young heart transplant patients from our tertiary care center during the coronavirus pandemic in New York City and identified patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.ResultsWe present four cases with COVID‐19 disease and elaborate on their presentation and clinical course.ConclusionsAlthough far from conclusive and limited by the small sample size and selection bias, these cases demonstrate mild and self‐limited disease despite immunosuppressive therapy and various comorbidities that are expected to increase the severity of the clinical picture based on extrapolation from the adult experience with this novel disease.
Inclusivity in Online Platforms: Recruitment Strategies for Improving Participation of Diverse Sociodemographic Groups
Authors: van den Berg Annelieke C. , Giest Sarah N. , Groeneveld Sandra M. , Kraaij Wessel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGovernments are increasingly implementing smart and digital approaches to promoting citizen participation. However, whether online participation platforms are tools that improve inclusivity in citizen participation remains underexplored. To address this gap, this article focuses on the role of recruitment messages and their effect on participation in an online participation platform by gender and age. A field experiment with a neighborhood census sample (N = 6,066) shows that online participation dips for younger and older citizens and is equal among women and men. For the age groups between 60 and 75, differences in the control and intervention recruitment messages significantly impacted participation. These findings can help public managers tailor recruitment strategies to facilitate inclusive participation and represent a first step toward learning what types of messages are effective for whom.
A Call for Better Integrated Policies to Accelerate the Fertility Decline in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: May John F. , Rotenberg Sara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo accelerate their demographic transition, sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries must trigger significant and rapid fertility declines. These fertility declines will open a demographic window of opportunity and enable countries to capture a first demographic dividend. Despite some successes, many programs aimed at decreasing fertility in SSA have yielded disappointing results. This commentary argues that better integrated policies will help to accelerate fertility declines in SSA. Such an approach should harness the synergies between a set of four key policy levers: women's empowerment; female education; family planning, reproductive health services, and universal health coverage; and legal reforms. These policy levers should be coupled with renewed commitment from leaders on the continent and increased investments in both family planning and population institutions. By concomitantly investing in these priorities and harnessing the synergies of these policy levers, countries in SSA have a critical opportunity to accelerate their demographic transition, which could help them reach emerging economy status.
Evaluation of a simple image‐based tool to quantify facial erythema in rosacea during treatment
Authors: Logger Jade G. M. , de Jong Elke M. G. J. , Driessen Rieke J. B. , van Erp Piet E. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFacial erythema is a common symptom in rosacea. To overcome subjectivity in scoring erythema severity, objective redness quantification is desirable. This study evaluated an image‐based erythema quantification tool to monitor facial erythema in rosacea patients during treatment and compared these values to clinical scores.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one rosacea patients were treated with topical ivermectin for 16 weeks. Clinical erythema scores and clinical photographs were taken at week 0, 6, 16 and 28. Using ImageJ, RGB images were split into red, green and blue channels to measure the green/red ratio of lesional skin compared with a green sticker. With CIELAB colour space, a* (indicating colour from green to red) of a lesional and non‐lesional facial site was measured, calculating ∆a*. Interobserver concordance and correlation between quantitative and clinical erythema values were determined.ResultsTreatment resulted in reduction of clinical erythema scores. No significant changes in red/green ratios were measured. Lesional a* and ∆a* significantly decreased from baseline to week 16 and 28 (P < .05). A weak correlation existed between clinical scores and lesional a* (Rs = 0.37), and between clinical scores and ∆a* (Rs = 0.30), with a clear trend towards higher a* and ∆a* for higher clinical scores. Interobserver correlation was high (R2 = 0.82).ConclusionImageJ is a simple, rapid, objective and reproducible tool to monitor erythema in rosacea patients during treatment. The photographs allow retrospective analysis, evaluation of large and small lesions, and discrimination of subtle redness differences. We recommend using lesional a* to monitor erythema of inflammatory dermatoses in clinical practice.
Sugarcane genome architecture decrypted with chromosome‐specific oligo probes
Authors: Piperidis Nathalie , D’Hont Angélique 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYSugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is probably the crop with the most complex genome. Modern cultivars (2n = 100–120) are highly polyploids and aneuploids derived from interspecific hybridization between Saccharum officinarum (2n = 80) and Saccharum spontaneum (2n = 40–128). Chromosome‐specific oligonucleotide probes were used in combination with genomic in situ hybridization to analyze the genome architecture of modern cultivars and representatives of their parental species. The results validated a basic chromosome number of x = 10 for S. officinarum. In S. spontaneum, rearrangements occurred from a basic chromosome of x = 10, probably in the Northern part of India, in two steps leading to x = 9 and then x = 8. Each step involved three chromosomes that were rearranged into two. Further polyploidization led to the wide geographical extension of clones with x = 8. We showed that the S. spontaneum contribution to modern cultivars originated from cytotypes with x = 8 and varied in proportion between cultivars (13–20%). Modern cultivars had mainly 12 copies for each of the first four basic chromosomes, and a more variable number for those basic chromosomes whose structure differs between the two parental species. One−four of these copies corresponded to entire S. spontaneum chromosomes or interspecific recombinant chromosomes. In addition, a few inter‐chromosome translocations were revealed. The new information and cytogenetic tools described in this study substantially improve our understanding of the extreme level of complexity of modern sugarcane cultivar genomes.
Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Wavy Partitions on Natural Convection in Porous Enclosure
Authors: Chordiya Jayesh Subhash , Sharma Ram Vinoy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The influence of partitions on natural convection in a differentially heated porous enclosure has been investigated for three different partition shapes, namely, sine-wave, corrugated and square-wave shape. The objective is to identify the best partition shape with regard to achieve maximum reduction in the rate of convection heat transfer. Darcy flow model has been used to describe flow in porous media. Coordinate transformation has been used to formulate the governing equations for sine-wave partition owing to its wavy nature. To assess the effectiveness of various partition shapes, the results are compared with porous enclosure without partition and with straight partition. The governing equations are solved using the successive accelerated replacement scheme for a wide range of parameters like partition amplitude, position, Rayleigh number, enclosure aspect ratio (AR), and inclination angle. One of the findings reveals that for the same amplitude and position, the square-wave partition yields the maximum suppression in the value of Nusselt number.
The Thermal Load and Ablation Mechanism of Piston Subjected to Detonation
Authors: Gao Jian , Yao Anren , Yao Chunde 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The piston in reciprocating engine would be badly ablated under severe knock. However, the mechanism of the detonation-induced thermal ablation of piston is still unclear. A detonation bomb device (DBD) was used to measure the thermal load of piston under detonation. A test specimen mounted on the detonation bomb acts as a piston to bear the detonation load. Transient thermal numerical analysis was performed using the finite element method. Temperature of the specimen and in-cylinder pressure were collected synchronously. A method for estimating wall heat flux under detonation was proposed. Results showed that the heat received by the specimen accounts for about 20.9% of the total heat released by the mixture in this research. Under continuous detonations, the heat of the surface layer could not be conducted to the interior in a short time, leading to a rapid rise in surface temperature. The overall temperature rise of the specimen limits the heat dissipation of the specimen surface layer, resulting in the specimen being ablated by the over-temperature and over-pressure. Piston thermal ablation by detonation is verified and reappeared in the detonation bomb. The thermal load of the piston is largest under theoretical equivalent ratio.
A Simple Immersed Boundary Method for Modeling Forced Convection Heat Transfer
Authors: Yao Guangfa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As nonbody-conforming numerical methods using simple Cartesian mesh, immersed boundary methods have become increasingly popular in modeling fluid–solid interaction. They usually do this by adding a body force term in the momentum equation. The magnitude and direction of this body force ensure that the boundary condition on the solid–fluid interface are satisfied without invoking complicated body-conforming numerical methods to impose the boundary condition. A similar path has been followed to model forced convection heat transfer by adding a source term in the energy equation. The added source term will ensure that thermal boundary conditions on the solid–fluid interface are imposed without invoking a boundary conforming mesh. These approaches were developed to handle the Dirichlet boundary condition (constant wall temperature). Few of them deal with the Neumann boundary condition (constant wall heat flux). This paper presents a simple new immersed boundary method. It can deal with the Dirichlet boundary condition, Neumann boundary condition, and conjugated heat transfer by adding an energy source or sink term in the energy conservation equation. The presented approach is validated against the analytical solutions and a very good match is achieved.