bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular Fashion – Consumers’ Attitudes in Cross-National Study: Poland and Canada
Authors: Koszewska Malgorzata , Rahman Osmud , Dyczewski Blazej 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The limits of the present linear economy model (take-make-waste) are well illustrated by the textile and clothing sector, one of the most indispensable consumer goods industries. Although a huge increase in the number of publications on the circular economy can be observed, the number of papers analyzing consumers’ attitudes and behavior toward circular fashion, especially the ones comparing consumers from different regions, is still limited. The article aimed to assess consumers’ attitudes toward circular fashion and draw a cross country comparison in this respect. The research focused on the three pillars of the latest EU Sustainable Product Policy Framework, i.e., designing sustainable products, empowering consumers, and circularity in production processes. An online survey and convenience sampling were used to collect valid responses from two countries (i.e., Canada and Poland) with different cultures, levels of economic development, and approaches to environmental and social issues. The results showed that significant differences between the countries emerged to a greater extent regarding consumers’ attitudes toward environmental labels for fashion products and sustainable buying behavior. The Polish respondents perceived the need for such labels to a greater extent. The Canadian ones, on the other hand, turned out to be more willing to choose sustainable clothing and reduce consumption. The differences between the countries were much less conspicuous as regards circular cues and circularity in fashion production processes. They appeared only in the case of clothing durability and the impact of production processes on air quality. Those aspects turned out to be more important for Polish respondents.
On a question of Schmidt and Summerer concerning 3-systems
Authors: Schleischitz Johannes 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Following a suggestion of W.M. Schmidt and L. Summerer, we construct a proper 3-system (P
1,P
2,P
3) with the property ̄φ
3 = 1. In fact, our method generalizes to provide n-systems with ̄φn
= 1, for arbitrary n ≥ 3. We visualize our constructions with graphics. We further present explicit examples of numbers ξ
1,...,ξn

−1 that induce the n-systems in question.
Monitoring Anticoagulation with Unfractionated Heparin on Renal Replacement Therapy. Which Is the Best aPTT Sampling Site?
Authors: Anton Florin Ioan , Rus Paul Adrian , Hagau Natalia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Controlled anticoagulation is key to maintaining continuous blood filtration therapies. Objective: The study aimed to compare different blood sampling sites for activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to evaluate anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH) in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and identify the most appropriate sampling site for safe patient anticoagulation and increased filter life span.

Method
The study was a prospective observational single-centre investigation targeting intensive care unit (ICU) patients on CRRT using an anticoagulation protocol based on patient characteristics and a weight-based modified nomogram. Eighty-four patients were included in the study. Four sampling sites were assessed: heparin free central venous nondialysis catheter (CVC), an arterial line with heparinised flush (Artery), a circuit access line (Access), and a circuit return line (Postfilter). Blood was sampled from each of four different sites on every patient, four hours after the first heparin bolus. aPTT was determined using a rapid clot detector, point of care device.

Results
A high positive correlation was obtained for aPTT values between CVC and Access sampling sites (r (84) =0.72; p <0 .05) and a low positive correlation between CVC and Arterial sampling site (r (84) =0.46, p < 0.05). When correlated by artery age, the young Artery (1-3 day old) correlates with CVC, Access and Postfilter (r (45) = 0.74, p >0.05). The aPTT values were significantly higher at Postfilter and Arterial sampling site, older than three days, compared to the CVC sampling site (p<0.05).

Conclusion
Considering patient bleeding risks and filter life span, the optimal sampling sites for safe assessment of unfractionated heparin anticoagulation on CRRT during CVVHDF were the central venous catheter using heparin free lavage saline solution, a heparinised flushed arterial catheter not older than three days, and a circuit access line.
The Effects of Highly-Educated Immigrants on Innovation in Three Developed European Countries
Authors: Sinoi Elena-Alexandra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the current globalized world, migration represents a topic of great interest, generating advantages and downsides as well, both for the people and the communities implicated. Highly-educated migrants represent a key factor in fostering innovation, productivity and economic growth, and promote knowledge diffusion/distribution in both directions, from origin to destination country and vice versa. This research investigates the effects of highly-educated immigrants on the number of patents (a good proxy for measuring innovation activities), in the case of Austria, Finland and Sweden, between 2011 and 2017. For the empirical analysis of the study case, we used panel data and developed a multiple linear regression model estimated through the ordinary least squares method (OLS), at the country-level. In line with the vast existing literature, the main finding of this paper is that highly-educated immigrants, representing external factors of innovation, have a positive and significant impact on the number of patent applications in all three receiving countries. Moreover, financial support in R&D (in different sectors) and investments in human capital (from diverse fields) serve as internal factors of innovation and also contribute vastly to the enhancement of innovation.
Explaining Recent Romanian Migration: A Modified Gravity Model with Panel Data
Authors: Iordache Mihaela , Matei Mihaela 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present paper contributes to studies on Romanian emigration from a demographic, spatial, and temporal perspective. The purpose of this paper is to assess the selected economic and demographic variables’ impact on the volume of Romanian emigration to the European Union (EU) during 2010-2017. The analysis was done using a gravity model. The models used in this study are the fixed effect model (FEM) and the random effect model (REM), both applied to panel data. The results show that the economic and demographic factors have a significant influence on the emigration’s destination, and the socio-economic and demographic situation in the host country determines the flow migration from Romania. The paper strengthens the literature through an empirical analysis of the economic and demographic determinants of Romanian emigration to the EU from the perspective of the country of origin.
Characterisation and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile isolated from chicken carcasses
Authors: Bingol Enver Baris , Hampikyan Hamparsun , Muratoglu Karlo , Akkaya Esra , Cetin Omer , Colak Hilal 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is a Gram+, anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium that can produce toxins, and it is mainly because its virulence is attributed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of C. difficile and hyper virulent ribotypes in chicken carcasses and the antibiotic susceptibility of isolated strains.

Material and Methods

C. difficile was isolated from chicken carcasses by microbiological methods, its ribotypes were identified by means of PCR, the toxin production ability was defined by ELISA, and the susceptibility of the isolates to selected antibiotics was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration evaluator strips.

Results
The bacterium was isolated from 69 out of 185 (37.3%) examined chicken carcass samples, and six out of the 69 (8.7%) isolates were identified as ribotype 027. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (100.0%), vancomycin (97.1%), metronidazole (88.4%), and tetracycline (95.7%), whereas they were resistant to cefotaxime (97.1%) and imipenem (89.9%).

Conclusion
The results of this study demonstrate the presence of toxigenic C. difficile isolates such as ribotype 027 (one of the most common causes of C. difficile infection in humans) in chicken carcasses. Although there is no case for stating that C. difficile is a food-borne pathogen, the presence of C. difficile in chicken may be considered to be a potential risk to consumers.
Choice of Parameters for the Electrodrive Diagnostic System of Hybrid Vehicle Traction
Authors: Arhun S. , Borodenko Yu. , Hnatov A. , Popova A. , Hnatova H. , Kunicina N. , Ziravecka A. , Zabasta A. , Ribickis L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
When operating a hybrid vehicle (HEV), it is important to reduce maintenance and repair costs. The HEV electric drive (ED) consists of electronic, electrical and mechanical parts and is considered a complex diagnostic model. The availability of an electrical part greatly simplifies the process of monitoring and obtaining information about the state of the system. In order to create a hybrid diesel-electric propulsion system (HDEPS), the choice of structural and functional parameters as diagnostic ones is justified, the control points are chosen, and the necessary accuracy and unambiguity of measurements are determined. Qualitative evaluations of the electrical processes occurring in the power supply circuit of ED from a high-voltage accumulator battery for the selection of diagnostic parameters according to the criteria of sensitivity, informative character, stability and manufacturability of measurements are presented. It has been revealed that during HDEPS diagnostics both stable and transient modes of operation of electric machines should be considered; for analysis of ED technical state it is necessary to have information about current mode of HDEPS load; for measurement of instantaneous values of supply voltage and consumption current it is necessary to select the sensors with short response time and linear conversion function. In terms of sensitivity to structural changes in the circuit and parametric deviations, it is necessary to choose, as diagnostic parameters, the voltage or current, depending on the mode of operation of the ED and the point of measurement of the electrical value. The obtained results are the basis for creating a new system of diagnostics of electric power supply HDEPS in this direction.
The Biomethane Injection into the Natural Gas Networks: The EU’s Gas Synergy Path
Authors: Savickis J. , Zemite L. , Zeltins N. , Bode I. , Jansons L. , Dzelzitis E. , Koposovs A. , Selickis A. , Ansone A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Biomethane is one of the most promising renewable gases (hereafter – RG) – a flexible and easily storable fuel, and, when used along with the natural gas in any mixing proportion, no adjustments on equipment designed to use natural gas are required. In regions where natural gas grids already exist, there is a system suitable for distribution of the biomethane as well. Moreover, improving energy efficiency and sustainability of the gas infrastructure, it can be used as total substitute for natural gas. Since it has the same chemical properties as natural gas, with methane content level greater than 96 %, biomethane is suitable both for heat and electricity generation, and the use in transport.
Biomethane is injected into the natural gas networks of many Member States of the European Union (hereafter – the EU) on a regular basis for more than a decade, with the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Sweden and France being among pioneers in this field. In most early cases, permission to inject biomethane into the natural gas grids came as part of a policy to decarbonize the road transport sector and was granted on a case-by-case basis. The intention to legally frame and standardise the EU’s biomethane injection into the natural gas networks came much later and was fulfilled in the second half of the present decade.
This paper addresses the biomethane injection into the natural gas grids in some EU countries, highlights a few crucial aspects in this process, including but not limited to trends in standardisation and legal framework, injection conditions and pressure levels, as well as centralised biogas feedstock collection points and the biomethane injection facilities. In a wider context, the paper deals with the role of biomethane in the EU energy transition and further use of the existing natural gas networks.
The Effect of Electric Field Configuration on the Thermo-Chemical Conversion of Straw Pellets
Authors: Barmina I. , Kolmickovs A. , Valdmanis R. , Vostrikovs S. , Zake M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
With the aim to control and improve the thermo-chemical conversion of straw pellets, the experimental investigations of the DC electric field effect on the combustion dynamics and heat energy production were made. The electric field effect on the gasification/combustion characteristics was studied using three different positions of the positively charged electrode in flame. First, the electrode was positioned coaxially downstream the flame flow. Next, the electrode was positioned coaxially upstream the flame flow and, finally, the electrode was positioned across the downstream flow. The bias voltage of the electrode varied in the range from 0.6 up to 1.8 kV, while the ion current in flame was limited to 5 mA. The results of experimental investigations show that the DC electric field intensifies the thermal decomposition of straw pellets and enhances mixing of volatiles with air causing changes in combustion dynamics and heat energy production, which depend on position and the bias voltage of the electrode. The increase in the average volume fraction of CO2 (by 6 %) and the decrease in the mass fraction of unburned volatiles in the products (CO by 60 % and H2 by 73 %) for the upstream field configuration of the electrode and the ion current 0.5–1.8 mA indicate more complete combustion of volatiles.
Optimal Control of an Inverted Pendulum Based on the New Method of Lyapunov Exponents Estimation
Authors: Balcerzak Marek 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This text covers optimization of an inverted pendulum control system according to the new control performance assessment criterion based on the optimal control theory. The novel control performance index is founded on the method of the Largest Lyapunov Exponent estimation. The detailed description of the new method is provided. Model of the control object is presented. A simple controller is proposed. Parameters of the controller are optimized with respect to the novel criterion by means of the Differential Evolution method. Results of numerical simulations are presented. It is shown that the new criterion can be successfully applied when the regulation time is crucial, whereas somewhat larger overshoot is acceptable.
Synthesis of Metal Matrix Composites via Powder Metallurgy Route: a Review
Authors: Meignanamoorthy M. , Ravichandran M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Powder Metallurgy (P/M) is playing a vital role to synthesize variety of materials in the field of aerospace, automobile, ordnance, petroleum and petrochemical industries. P/M is an outstanding process to produce components with good mechanical and tribological properties such as strength, hardness, impact resistance and wear resistance. Recently metal matrix composites (MMC) replace conventional alloys because of their extraordinary characteristics. Currently Aluminium, Copper, Magnesium, Titanium and Iron have been used as matrix materials and materials like TiC, SiC, B4C, WC, Cr3C, TiO2, ZrO2, Gr, MoS2, and Si3N4 have been used as reinforcements to synthesize metal matrix composites. When compare P/M with other manufacturing methods, it offers ordered microstructure with improved physical, mechanical and tribological properties. From these, powder metallurgy could be commented as an extremely active and cost-effective method when compare with other process. This paper explains the selection suitable process parameters for synthesize MMCs using P/M technique. This paper made an attempt to present the mechanical and tribological properties of various composites fabricated through powder metallurgy technique.
Numerical Study of Natural Convection in a Vertical Cylindrical Partially Annular
Authors: Medebber Mohamed A. , Retiel Noureddine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A study of free convection in a vertical cylinder partially annulus is conducted numerically. Uniform temperature is imposed cross a vertical wall, while the top and bottom walls are adiabatic. The governing equations are solved numerically by using a finite volume method. The coupling between the continuity and momentum equations is effected using the SIMPLER algorithm. Solutions have been obtained for Prandtl numbers equal to 7.0, Rayleigh numbers of 103 to 106 and height ratios of 0 to 1. The influence of physical and geometrical parameters on the streamlines, isotherms, average Nusselt has been numerically investigated.
Performance of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Operating under Transient Wear
Authors: Sharma Sanjay , Kumar Awasthi Rajeev 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper deals with a theoretical study concerning the effect of transient wear on the performance of hydrodynamic journal bearing. The eccentricity ratios are considered 0.3, 0.6 and for varying wear depth from 0.1 to 0.5 for the analysis of purpose. The Reynolds equations governing the flow of lubricant in the clearance space of a hydrodynamic journal bearing system with varying wear depth has been numerically solved using Galerkin’s FEM. The regime is assumed to be isothermal. The positive pressure zone is established using Reynolds boundary condition through iteratively. The various performance parameters which include static, dynamic and stability terms of worn journal bearing are presented with respect to relative wear depth. The journal centre motion trajectories are also obtained by numerically integrated linear and non-linear equation of motion using fourth order Runga-Kutta method. For this a computer program in Mat lab was developed based on analysis to draw the linear and non linear motion trajectories and in order to validate the developed program, the numerically simulated results computed from the present study are compared with the already published results in literature. For analysis purpose the initial values of velocities and displacement are taken asX˙¯ = Z˙¯ = 0.0{\bar {\dot X}}\, = \,{\bar {\dot Z}}\, = \,0.0andx¯{\bar x}and z¯ = 0.005{\bar z}\, = \,0.005. The results help in predicting bearing life for smooth operation.
Experimental Investigation of Drilling Small Hole on Duplex Stainless Steel (SS2205) Using EDM
Authors: Rajaram S. , RajKumar G. , Balasundaram R. , Srinivasan D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This work investigates drilling of small holes of Ø 3 mm on duplex Stainless Steel. Its machinability index is very low (0.66) as compared to other steels, hence Electrical Discharge Machine is used. The input parameters are Current, Spark Gap & Di electric Pressure. Each input parameter is considered for 3 levels. Therefore total number of experiments is 3×3×3 – 27. To reduce the number of runs, Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used, which is having advantage of maximum and minimum trial runs in its design. The output response is metal removal rate. To find the best operating parameter, the regression model of ANOVA is given to input of MAT Lab-Genetic Algorithm. The experimental results indicated that models are significant. The test result indicated that the contributions of current is 42.42%, Di electric pressure is 35.36% and Spark gap is 1.93% on metal removal rate. From Genetic Algorithm it is observed among three levels of factors, lower value of current and Di electric pressure produced maximum metal removal rate. The SS 2205 has wide variety of applications such as high pressure components, control valves etc., which are having large number of components to it. Hence performing micro holes on such high hardness alloy is useful.
Fatigue Crack Growth Rate, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Diverse Range of Aluminum Alloy: a Comparison
Authors: Brahami Abdessamad , Bouchouicha Benattou , Zemri Mokhtar , Fajoui Jamal 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In practice for all metallic materials, damage by fatigue usually takes in two steps, the appearance of an initial crack which then grows as a function of the present microstructure. The objective of this study is to identify the elements influencing the fatigue crack growth rate on aluminum alloys of different microstructures. Characterization tests and microstructural analysis on 2024-T3, 5083-H22, 6082-T6 and 7075-T6 shades have been carried out. Based on the experimental results obtained, AA7075-T6 has the best fatigue crack rate resistance which is explained by its behavior as well as the nature and dispersive distribution of the secondary element.
Functioning Efficiency of the Central Air-Conditioning System on the Selected Example
Authors: Szlązak Nikodem , Swolkień Justyna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
One of the particularly significant threats during exploitation is the climatic threat, which is associated with an increase in the overall costs that are allocated to combating it. The rise in the virgin temperature of the rock mass by 1oC increases the demand for the required cooling capacity to be taken from the air. The publication assesses the effectiveness of the air-conditioning installation by testing its operation on a selected example. The assessment of the efficiency of the air-conditioning installation for a selected hard coal mine showed that none of the five tested coolers achieved the maximum assumed rated power. The use of total power (7.5 MW) in mining excavations was less than 50% and amounted to η = 0.472%. The research showed that the main reason for obtaining low cooling parameters is the inability to locate them in the place of the highest air temperatures. The other problem is an insufficient airflow rate of cooling water supplied to the coolers at too high temperature. The above considerations indicated that the cooling power from built-in air- conditioning systems is not properly and effectively used. Improving the efficiency of its functioning is possible by proceeding research that will eliminate the above factors and by using air conditioning equipment, taking into account the periodic audit of their work to reduce electricity consumption.
Study of the Accuracy of Methane Concentration Forecasts in the Area of Longwall Outlet B-3 in Seam 407/1 in KWK “Borynia-Zofiówka” Ruch Zofiówka
Authors: Badura Henryk , Zmarzły Marian , Trzaskalik Paweł , Korshunov Aleksandr Ivanovich 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the presented publication, an ex post forecast of methane concentration at the airway outlet was carried out on the basis of equations previously developed and repeatedly tested by H. Badura and its errors were calculated. This forecast was considered as a reference level. Next, using the same forecast equations, the forecasting of methane concentration at the sensor location up to 10 m in front of the longwall face and at the longwall outlet was carried out, followed by the analysis of forecast errors. Since the measurement of methane concentrations in the locations under consideration differed, the results of forecasts also differed. Therefore, in order to assess the accuracy of forecasts, their absolute and relative errors were calculated and then compared with the forecast errors at the airway outlet. The analysis of errors showed that there are differences in forecast accuracy and it is advisable to develop new forecast equations mainly for the longwall outlet, but also for the location of methane concentration sensor installed in the airway up to 10 m in front of the longwall.