bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The health of internally displaced children in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Salami Bukola , Iwuagwu Stella , Amodu Oluwakemi , Tulli Mia , Ndikom Chizoma , Gommaa Hayat , Lavin Tina , Kariwo Michael 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundInternally displaced children are those who have been forced to flee their homes due to severe unfavourable conditions (war, violence or disasters) but have not crossed international borders. Emerging research shows these children face multiple health challenges. However, we found no review focused solely on the health of such internally displaced children. Thus, this review sought to examine what is known about their health and their health concerns.MethodsA scoping review of the literature was conducted. A total of 10 databases were searched in January 2019, yielding 6602 articles after duplicates were eliminated. Two research assistants independently selected articles that met inclusion criteria. A numerical summary and thematic analysis were conducted to facilitate data extraction and data analysis.ResultsA total of 25 articles met the inclusion criteria, including 16 quantitative, 6 qualitative and 3 mixed methods studies. The findings reveal elevated mental health problems and infectious diseases in this population. Findings on the nutritional status of internally displaced children as a broad group are mixed, with some studies showing poorer nutritional status among the children in this group and others showing poorer nutritional health status among host society children. Internally displaced children also experience challenges with access to health services. Premigration factors (trauma) and postmigration factors (humanitarian assistance on displacement) all contribute to the health of internally displaced children.ConclusionFindings provide insight into the complex array of factors influencing the health of internally displaced children. More intervention studies are required to address the needs of this population.
Cost-effectiveness of neonatal surgery for congenital anomalies in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kim Na Eun , Vervoot Dominique , Hammouri Ahmad , Riboni Cristiana , Salem Hosni , Grimes Caris , Wright Naomi Jane 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionCongenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of death in children under 5 years old globally (591 000 deaths reported in 2016). Over 95% of deaths occur in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is estimated that two-thirds of the congenital anomaly health burden could be averted through surgical intervention and that such interventions can be cost-effective. This systematic review aims to evaluate current evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of neonatal surgery for congenital anomalies in LMICs.Methods and analysisA systematic literature review will be conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scielo, Google Scholar, African Journals OnLine and Regional WHO’s African Index Medicus databases for articles on the cost-effectiveness of neonatal surgery for congenital anomalies in LMICs. The following search strings will be used: (1) congenital anomalies; (2) LMICs; and (3) cost-effectiveness of surgical interventions. Articles will be uploaded to Covidence software, duplicates removed and the remaining articles screened by two independent reviewers. Cost information for interventions or procedures will be extracted by country and condition. Outcome measurements by reported unit and cost-effectiveness ratios will be extracted. Methodological quality of each article will be assessed using the Drummond checklist for economic evaluations. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Effective Health Care Program guidance will be followed to assess the grade of the studies.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for conducting the systematic review. There will be no direct collection of data from individuals. The finalised article will be published in a scientific journal for dissemination. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews).ConclusionCongenital anomalies form a large component of the global health burden that is amenable to surgical intervention. This study will systematically review the current literature on the cost-effectiveness of neonatal surgery for congenital anomalies in LMICs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020172971.
Age pattern of sexual activities with the most recent partner among men who have sex with men in Melbourne, Australia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kilner Alex , Fairley Christopher K , Burrell Sam , Bradshaw Catriona S , Chen Marcus Y , Chow Eric P F 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundSexual behavioural studies among men who have sex with men (MSM) are predominantly focused on penile-anal intercourse. Other non-anal sexual activities are under-studied. This study aimed to examine the age pattern of a range of sexual activities among MSM with the most recent male sex partner.MethodsWe conducted a survey among MSM attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in 2017. This survey asked about nine different sexual activities with their most recent regular and casual partner. A Chi-square trend test was used to examine the age patterns of each sexual activity.ResultsA total of 1596 men answered the survey and their median age was 30 (IQR 25–37) years. With casual partners, kissing was the most common activity (92.4%), followed by performing penile-oral sex (86.0%) and receiving penile-oral sex (83.9%). The least common activity was insertive rimming (38.1%). Young men were more likely to engage in kissing (ptrend<0.001), receptive rimming (ptrend=0.004) and receptive penile-anal sex (ptrend<0.001) but they were less likely to have insertive penile-anal sex compared with older MSM. With regular partners, the most common activity was kissing (97.4%), followed by touching penises (90.0%) and performing penile-oral sex (88.3%). Age was not associated with most types of sexual activity with regular partners except mutual masturbation and receptive penile-anal sex. Younger men were more likely to masturbate mutually (ptrend=0.028) and engage in receptive penile-anal sex (ptrend=0.011).ConclusionsThe pattern of sexual activities shows age-related differences with casual partners but less so with regular partners in MSM.
A psychological health support scheme for medical teams in COVID-19 outbreak and its effectiveness
Authors: Cheng Wenhong , Zhang Fang , Liu Zhen , Zhang Hao , Lyu Yifan , Xu Hao , Hua Yingqi , Gu Jiarong , Yang Zhi , Liu Jun 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundMedical staff fighting the COVID-19 pandemic are experiencing stress from high occupational risk, panic in the community and the extreme workload. Maintaining the psychological health of a medical team is essential for efficient functioning, but psychological intervention models for emergency medical teams are rare.AimsTo design a systematic, full-coverage psychological health support scheme for medical teams serving large-scale emergent situations, and demonstrate its effectiveness in a real-world study in Leishenshan Hospital during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China.MethodsThe scheme integrates onsite and online mental health resources and features team-based psychosocial support and evidence-based interventions. It contained five modules, including a daily measurement of mood, a daily mood broadcast that promotes positive affirmation, a daily online peer-group activity with themes based on the challenges reported by the team, Balint groups and an after-work support team. The daily mood measurement provides information to the other modules. The scheme also respects the special psychological characteristics of medical staff by promoting their strengths.ResultsThe scheme economically supported a special medical team of 156 members with only one onsite psychiatrist. Our data reflected that the entire medical team maintained an overall positive outlook (7–9 out of 10 in a Daily Mood Index, DMI) for nearly 6 weeks of continuous working. Since the scheme promoted self-strengths and positive self-affirmation, the number of self-reports of life-related gains were high and played a significant effect on the DMI. Our follow-up investigations also revealed that multiple modules of the scheme received high attention and evaluation levels.ConclusionOur quantitative data from Leishenshan hospital, Wuhan, China, show that the programme is adequate to support the continuous high workload of medical teams. This scheme could be applied to medical teams dealing with emergent situations.
Clinical practice guidelines adherence, knowledge and awareness in rare and complex connective tissue diseases across Europe: results from the first ERN ReCONNET survey
Authors: Talarico Rosaria , Marinello Diana , Bombardieri Stefano , Burmester Gerd , Fonseca Joao , Frank Charissa , Galetti Ilaria , Hachulla Eric , Houssiau Frederic , Mueller-Ladner Ulf , Schneider Matthias , Smith Vanessa , Turchetti Giuseppe , van Laar Jacob M , Vieira Ana , Cutolo Maurizio , Mosca Marta 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionThe European Reference Network (ERN) ReCONNET is the ERN aimed at improving the management of rare and complex connective tissue and musculoskeletal diseases (rCTDs) across the European Union (EU). In the mission of ERN ReCONNET, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) play a crucial role, representing a valid tool towards the harmonisation of the management of rCTDs while improving effectiveness and quality of care delivered to patients.MethodsERN ReCONNET developed two surveys to map the adherence to rCTDs CPGs among healthcare providers and to assess the knowledge and awareness of CPGs for their diseases among patients, family members and caregivers.ResultsThe results of the surveys highlighted that healthcare professionals find it useful to apply CPGs in clinical practice (93%), while 62% of them experience difficulties and barriers in the application in their centres. Healthcare professionals also highlighted the need to develop CPGs for all rCTDs and to implement the use of the existing CPGs in clinical practice. On the other hand, patients, families and caregivers are relatively aware of the purpose of CPGs (51%) and 62% of them were aware of the existence of CPGs for their disease. Patient-friendly versions of CPGs and patients’ lifestyle guidelines should be systematically developed contributing to the empowerment of patients in the disease management.ConclusionERN ReCONNET is addressing the main issues identified in the results of the survey, promoting practical actions for the local adaptation of CPGs across Europe, improving their routine clinical use and increasing the awareness on CPGs among rCTDs patients, family members and caregivers.
PolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events (PRECISE)—a population-based prospective cohort study: rationale, design and baseline participant characteristics
Authors: Pan Yuesong , Jing Jing , Cai Xueli , Wang Yilong , Wang Suying , Meng Xia , Zeng Chunlai , Shi Jiong , Ji Jiansong , Lin Jinxi , Lyu Lingchun , Zhang Zhe , Mei Lerong , Li Shiping , Li Shan , Zhu Wanlin , Li Hao , Wei Tiemin , Wang Yongjun 
Published: August 2020

Background and purposeCardiovascular diseases and dementia are two major diseases in the elderly. Atherosclerosis is associated with future vascular events and cognitive impairment. The PolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events (PRECISE) study is a population-based prospective cohort study with comprehensive evaluation of multiterritorial artery stenosis and plaque using advanced vascular imaging techniques and prospective collection of vascular events and cognitive assessments.MethodsBetween May 2017 and September 2019, the PRECISE study enrolled 3067 community-dwelling adults with ages between 50 and 75 years cluster sampled from six villages and four communities of Lishui city in China. Data are collected in face-to-face interviews at baseline, 2-year and 4-year follow-up visits. Brain MRI including high-resolution sequences for intracranial and carotidal arteries and CT angiography for thoracoabdominal arteries were performed at baseline and will be rescanned after 4 years. Cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events and cognitive assessment will be prospectively collected after the enrollment. Blood and urine samples were collected and biomarkers were tested at baseline.ResultsA total of 3067 subjects were enrolled, among which 53.5% were female with an average age of 61.2±6.7 years. Among them, 2.8%, 8.1%, 43.1% and 21.6% had a history of stroke, heart diseases, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, respectively.ConclusionsThe PRECISE study is a population-based prospective cohort study with comprehensive evaluation of atherosclerotic stenosis and plaque using advanced vascular imaging techniques. Data from this cohort provide us an opportunity to precisely evaluate polyvascular atherosclerosis and its association with future vascular events and cognitive impairment.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03178448).
Intrahepatic icterus in pigs: rare clinical sign in porcine circovirus type 2 systemic disease
Authors: Graage Robert , Saura Martinez Helena , Klausmann Stefanie , Kubacki Jakub , Kümmerlen Dolf 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYIcterus is a yellow discolouration of tissue and blood plasma due to a disorder of the bilirubin metabolism. This case report describes two porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) outbreaks in a fattening farm (F1) and a breeding farm (F2). At F1, pigs had intradermal bleedings and wasting, and three pigs showed icterus. At F2, suckling and weaning pigs (WPs) had an icterus and were wasted. Three fattening pigs (F1), one suckling piglet and one WP (F2) were dissected. Additional investigations included histology, PCV2 immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) of tissue samples, PCR including sequencing of the PCV2 strains and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of liver samples. Three of the five dissected pigs showed a lymphohistiocytic, periportal hepatitis with disruption of the hepatic cord architecture. PCV2 was detected by IHC, FISH, PCR and NGS in several organs of the pigs. In both farms, sequencing revealed a PCV2b genotype.
Scotogenic neutrino mass with large $$SU(2)_L$$ multiplet fields
Authors: Kumar Nilanjana , Nomura Takaaki , Okada Hiroshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe construct a scotogenic neutrino mass model introducing large $$SU(2)_L$$SU(2)L multiplet fields without adding an extra symmetry. We have introduced extra scalar fields such as a septet, quintet and quartet where we make the vacuum expectation value of quartet scalar to be zero while septet and quintet develop non-zero ones. Then the neutrino mass is generated at one-loop level by introducing quintet fermion. We analyze the neutrino mass matrix taking constraints from lepton flavor violation into account and discuss collider physics regarding charged fermions from large multiplet fields. We have analysed the production and the decays of the quintet fermions, as well as the discovery reach at 14 TeV and 27 TeV LHC.
Even–odd conductance effect in graphene nanoribbons induced by edge functionalization with aromatic molecules: basis for novel chemosensors
Authors: Čerņevičs Kristiāns , Pizzochero Michele , Yazyev Oleg V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe theoretically investigate the electron transport in armchair and zigzag graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) chemically functionalized with p-polyphenyl and polyacene groups of increasing length. Our nearest-neighbor tight-binding calculations indicate that, depending on whether the number of aromatic rings in the functional group is even or odd, the resulting conductance at energies matching the energy levels of the corresponding isolated molecule is either unaffected or reduced by exactly one quantum as compared to the pristine GNR, respectively. Such an even–odd effect is shown to originate from a subtle interplay between the electronic states of the guest molecule that are spatially localized on the binding sites and those of the host nanoribbon. We next generalize our findings by employing more accurate tight-binding Hamiltonians along with density-functional theory calculations and critically discuss the robustness of the observed physical effects against the level of theory adopted. Our work offers a comprehensive understanding of the influence of aromatic molecules bound to the edge of graphene nanoribbons on their electronic transport properties, an issue which is instrumental to the prospective realization of graphene-based chemosensors.
TRADE OPENNESS AND THE PHILLIPS CURVE: EVIDENCE FROM ASEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: FURUOKA FUMITAKA , PUI KIEW LING , CHOMAR MA TIN , NIKITINA LARISA 
Published: August 2020

A flattening of the Phillips curve in recent decades has attracted a considerable interest of researchers and central bankers. As trade openness might be among the main causes of this phenomenon, this study puts forward a testable ‘openness–Phillips curve’ hypothesis. Two methods — a static and a dynamic approaches — were employed to test the hypothesis by estimating slope coefficients of the new Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) and hybrid NKPC in ten ASEAN countries. A notable empirical finding is that in the periods of a higher trade openness, the Phillips curve tended to be flatter in the close economies and steeper in the open economies. These findings have some economic and political implications. The main one is that central banks in the ASEAN countries where the flattening of the Phillips curve takes place would not be able to employ the Phillips curve as an effective policy tool. Besides, countries with high inflation and unemployment rates could face some political uncertainty.
Structural and luminescent properties of BaFe12−xAlxO19 compounds
Authors: Mammadov A. I. , Dang N. T. , Mehdiyeva R. Z. , Trukhanov A. V. , Asadullayeva S. G. , Trukhanov S. V. , Huseynov R. E. , Jabarov S. H. 
Published: August 2020

The crystal structure and luminescent properties of Al-substituted [Formula: see text] were studied. It was found that under normal conditions, the samples are characterized by the space group P63/mmc. Depending on the ionic radii of the Al and Fe atoms and the concentration of Al atoms, a decrease in the distance between the atoms in the crystal structure and the lattice parameters was observed. [Formula: see text] crystals ([Formula: see text] = 0.1–1.2) were excited by a laser with a wavelength of 375 nm and 435 nm, to study their luminescent features. From the information obtained from luminescent spectrum, it is seen that with the replacement of magnetic [Formula: see text] ions by diamagnetic [Formula: see text] ions, the intensity of the spectra increases. During exciting by a laser with a wavelength of 435 nm, anti-Stokes luminescence is observed in the ultraviolet region.
Health Insurance Coverage Disruptions and Access to Care and Affordability among Cancer Survivors in the United States
Authors: Zhao Jingxuan , Han Xuesong , Nogueira Leticia , Zheng Zhiyuan , Jemal Ahmedin , Yabroff K. Robin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
Lack of health insurance is associated with having problems with access to high-quality care. We estimated prevalence and evaluated associations of insurance coverage disruptions and access to health care and affordability among cancer survivors in the United States.

Methods:
Adult cancer survivors ages 18 to 64 years with current private or public health insurance were identified from the 2011 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 7,186). Health insurance coverage disruption was measured as self-reports of any time in the prior year without coverage. Outcomes included preventive services use, problems with care affordability, and cost-related medication nonadherence in the prior year. We used separate multivariable logistic models to evaluate associations between coverage disruptions and study outcomes by current insurance coverage.

Results:
Among currently insured survivors, 3.7% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.0%–4.4%] with private, and 7.8% (95% CI, 6.5%–9.4%) with public insurance reported coverage disruptions in 2011 to 2018. We estimated that approximately 260,000 survivors ages 18 to 64 years had coverage disruptions in 2018. Among privately and publicly insured survivors, those with coverage disruptions were less likely to report all preventive services use (16.9% vs. 36.2%; 14.6% vs. 25.3%, respectively) and more likely to report any problems with care affordability (55.0% vs. 17.7%; 71.1% vs. 38.4%, respectively) and any cost-related medication nonadherence (39.4% vs. 10.1%; 36.5% vs. 16.3%, respectively) compared with those continuously insured (all P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions:
Coverage disruptions in the prior year were associated with problems with health care access and affordability among currently insured survivors.

Impact:
Reducing coverage disruptions may help improve access and affordability for survivors.
Diet and Risk of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms in Older Individuals from the NIH-AARP Cohort
Authors: Podoltsev Nikolai A. , Wang Xiaoyi , Wang Rong , Hofmann Jonathan N. , Liao Linda M. , Zeidan Amer M. , Mesa Ruben A. , Ma Xiaomei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
The etiology of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) is obscure, and no previous studies have evaluated the role of diet.

Methods:
In the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a prospective cohort of 463,049 participants ages 50 to 71 years at baseline (1995–1996), we identified 490 MPN cases after a median follow-up of 15.5 years, including 190 with polycythemia vera (PV) and 146 with essential thrombocythemia (ET). We examined possible associations between various dietary factors and the risk of MPN as a group, as well as PV and ET, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and adjust for potential confounding variables.

Results:
An increased risk was observed between fruit consumption and the risk of MPN overall (third tertile vs. first tertile, HR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04–1.67; Ptrend = 0.02) and PV (third tertile vs. first tertile, HR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.35–2.95; Ptrend &lt; 0.01). Increased risk of PV was also observed among those with high intake of sugar (HR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.12–2.79), sugar from natural sources (HR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.16–2.71), sugar from natural beverage sources (HR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.08–2.29), and fructose (HR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.21–2.79).

Conclusions:
The intake of fat and protein did not appear to influence PV risk—neither did meat or vegetable consumption. None of the dietary factors studied was associated with the risk of ET. The role of sugar intake in the etiology of PV in older individuals warrants further investigation.

Impact:
Our results indicate that high sugar intake is associated with an increased risk of polycythemia vera.