bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of Endogenous IL-10 and IL-10-Competent and CD5+ B Cells in Autoimmune Thyroiditis in NOD.H-2h4 Mice
Authors: Qin Jing , Zhao Na , Wang Shuo , Liu Shanshan , Liu Yongping , Cui Xuejiao , Wang Shiwei , Xiang Yang , Fan Chenling , Li Yushu , Shan Zhongyan , Teng Weiping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInterleukin (IL)-10 is a highly important anti-inflammatory cytokine in the immune system. CD1dhi and CD5+ B cells are both traditionally defined IL-10-secreting B cells. In recent years, a B cell group with combined markers of CD1dhi and CD5+ has been widely studied as it has been reported to suppress autoimmunity in mouse models of autoimmune diseases through IL-10 mechanisms. From the perspective of origination, CD1dhi and CD5+ B cells are developed from different B cell lineages. Whether the regulatory capacity of these 2 B cell groups is consistent with their ability to secrete IL-10 has not been determined. In this study, we generated IL-10 knockout NOD.H-2h4 mice to investigate the function of endogenous IL-10 in autoimmune thyroiditis and conducted adoptive transfer experiments to explore the respective roles of CD5+ and CD1dhi B cells. In our results, the IL-10–/– NOD.H-2h4 mice developed thyroiditis, similar to wild-type NOD.H-2h4 mice. The CD5+ B cells were more capable of secreting IL-10 than CD1dhi B cells in flow cytometric analysis, but the CD1dhi B cells showed more suppressive effects on thyroiditis development and autoantibody production, as well as Th17 cell response. In conclusion, endogenous IL-10 does not play an important role in autoimmune thyroiditis. CD1dhi B cells may play regulatory roles through mechanisms other than secreting IL-10.
Reduction of endocytic activity accelerates cell elimination during tissue remodeling of the Drosophila epidermal epithelium
Authors: Hoshika Shinichiro , Sun Xiaofei , Kuranaga Erina , Umetsu Daiki 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Epithelial tissues undergo cell turnover both during development and for homeostatic maintenance. Cells that are no longer needed are quickly removed without compromising the barrier function of the tissue. During metamorphosis, insects undergo developmentally programmed tissue remodeling. However, the mechanisms that regulate this rapid tissue remodeling are not precisely understood. Here, we show that the temporal dynamics of endocytosis modulate physiological cell properties to prime larval epidermal cells for cell elimination. Endocytic activity gradually reduces as tissue remodeling progresses. This reduced endocytic activity accelerates cell elimination through the regulation of Myosin II subcellular reorganization, junctional E-cadherin levels, and caspase activation. Whereas the increased Myosin II dynamics accelerates cell elimination, E-cadherin plays a protective role against cell elimination. Reduced E-cadherin is involved in the amplification of caspase activation by forming a positive-feedback loop with caspase. These findings reveal the role of endocytosis in preventing cell elimination and in the cell-property switching initiated by the temporal dynamics of endocytic activity to achieve rapid cell elimination during tissue remodeling.
The power from within – understanding the driving forces of neutrophil extracellular trap formation
Authors: Neubert Elsa , Meyer Daniel , Kruss Sebastian , Erpenbeck Luise 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are one of the most intriguing discoveries in immunological research of the past few years. After their first description in 2004, the number of research articles on how NETs affect immunodefense, and also how they contribute to an ever-growing number of diseases, has skyrocketed. However, tempting as it may seem to plunge into pharmaceutical approaches to tamper with NET formation, our understanding of this complex process is still incomplete. Important concepts such as the context-dependent dual functions of NETs, in that they are both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, or the major intra- and extracellular forces driving NET formation, are only emerging. In this Review, we summarize key aspects of our current understanding of NET formation (also termed NETosis), emphasize biophysical aspects and focus on three key principles – rearrangement and destabilization of the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton, alterations and disassembly of the nuclear envelope, and chromatin decondensation as a driving force of intracellular reorganization.
On the structure of the graduation thesis “On the physical development of school students of the town of Tartu” defended at the Department (former Chair) of Zoology at the University of Tartu (former Tartu State University) in 1958
Authors: Kasmel Jaan , Kasmel Tiiu 
Published: March 2020

Throughout times, along with simpler papers (essays, reports, subject and research papers), students of different specialities at the University of Tartu have also done more serious research in many areas, including anthropology, under the supervision of lecturers.
More than a quarter of century ago, before 1991, the students of the Soviet-time Tartu State University wrote, in addition to exercises in research, term papers, graduation theses and prize essays of Students Scientific Society (founded in 1948).
The article will deal with 10 graduation theses compiled at the Chair of Zoology of Tartu State University from 1958–1970. These papers addressed Estonian school students’ physical development based on anthropological material collected from 1956–1967.
In those years, the graduation thesis was a student’s independent research paper which was defended in front of a state examination board to complete the studies at the university.
Particular attention is paid to the first of these graduation theses – the graduation thesis defended by 5th-year student Viivi Schüts in 1958, “On the physical development of school students of the town of Tartu” (in Estonian, on 94 pages in typescript, hard-cover). The article includes the structure of this research paper.
Effect of a period of cervical flexion on upper extremity muscle strength
Authors: Uher David , Anoufriev Gregory , Toczko Michael E. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Technology is prevalent in almost every aspect of life, from handheld phones to computers. Increases in cervical flexion can cause a strain on the neck and muscles of the upper extremity.
Objective: To examine the effect of 30 minutes of cervical flexion at 45 degrees. It was hypothesized that muscle strength will decrease after flexion, and there would be no significant differences between dominant and nondominant arms or genders.
Study design: Twenty-four participants (12 male, 12 female) (n = 24; height = 173.1 + 9.3 cm; weight = 73.33 + 22.58kg) were measured before and after cervical flexion using a MicroFET2 Hand Held Digital Muscle Tester to test the middle deltoid, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii of each arm.
Results: Compared to pre-measures significant differences were found in both middle deltoids and both biceps brachii, but not in either triceps brachii (p < 0.05). Overall no limited significant differences were found between genders of muscles of either arm. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the dominant biceps brachii, non-dominant biceps brachii, dominant triceps brachii, dominant deltoid, and non-dominant deltoid.
Conclusion: These results suggest that a normal daily degree of cervical flexion will decrease some upper extremity strength over the course of 30 minutes.
Becoming animal: Children's physical play and dance improvisation as transformative activities that generate novel meanings
Authors: Hermans Carolien 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article addresses the transformative potential of children's physical play and dance improvisation. Using the enactive approach as a theoretical framework, it is argued that play and dance improvisation trigger novel sense-making capabilities by a deep engagement with the environment. Both activities give rise to transformative forces, ways of becoming that create openings and passages through which one re-engages and re-connects with the environment. This article combines theoretical reflection with artistic practice. By intermingling the thinking with the doing, I hope to gain embodied insights in underlying mechanisms of both play and dance improvisation. First, I discuss the concept of transformation. Then I explore how the enactive approach can be helpful in understanding the emergence of new values and meanings in both play and dance improvisation through dynamic coupling. From here I move to my artistic practice. I present an auto-ethnographic research that consists of two events. The first event is a spontaneous play event of my 12-year-old daughter that serves as an entrance point to examine animal becomings as transformative forces. The second event is an improvised dance solo, in which I re-enact the animal becomings of my daughter. The aim is to grasp, in a corporeal sense, the transformative forces that are at work here.
The EU Response to the 2015 Refugee Flows: A Missed Opportunity to Use the Temporary Protection Directive?
Authors: Krayem Lara 
Published: March 2020

Following the mass influx of people in Europe after 2011 and the Arab Spring uprisings, Europe has been admitting refugees into its borders predominantly under the Dublin III Regulation. However, Dublin III was never intended to be an emergency tool for asylum seekers, but became one as most entries take place through irregular routes.
Europe received around 1.3 million asylum seekers in 2015 which is the highest number of asylum applications in its history. Questions are raised as to why Europe refrained from using the Temporary Protection Directive which serves exactly the purpose of establishing minimum standards for giving temporary protection and promoting a balance of efforts between Members States when receiving displaced persons. This Directive arguably provides a solution for the burden sharing issues that Europe has been facing which cause the rise of nationalism in many border States such as Italy and Greece as they are the main hosts of asylum seekers.
Europe has also been entering into questionable agreements such as the EU-Turkey deal that does not necessarily comply with International Humanitarian Laws or jus cogens principles such as non-refoulement. Europe’s avoidance of the use of the Temporary Protection Directive raises a lot of questions. It brings to the surface the politics that surround the asylum process of the European Union and sheds light on the growing need of the EU to close its borders and avoid offering protection to people in need. This notion of border strengthening controls seems to be growing. As a result, the Union continues to use questionable agreements and the implementation of the Dublin III Regulation as an emergency measure instead of using the Temporary Protection Directive to promote fair sharing and solidarity.
This article will examine the reasons behind the non-implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive to demonstrate that Europe does not wish to assist asylum seekers but keep them out of its territory. Moreover, this article supports that the mass influx of asylum seekers during the Arab-Spring uprisings was a missed opportunity to activate the Directive that has now become obsolete as it is unlikely to ever be activated.
O perfil e a formação docente no curso de licenciatura em Geografia em uma universidade pública do Paraná
Authors: Fernandes Pedro Henrique Carnevalli , Araújo Roberta Negrão de , Silva Andreia Virginia da 
Published: March 2020

A presente pesquisa é resultado de um estudo exploratório acerca de um curso de Licenciatura em Geografia ofertado em uma universidade pública do Estado do Paraná. Objetivou compreender o perfil e a formação dos acadêmicos do referido curso. Foi desenvolvida pesquisa de revisão tendo referências que abordam a formação de professores. Na sequência, foi elaborado instrumento de coleta de dados, bem como a aplicação deste junto aos acadêmicos. Como objetivos específicos foram propostos: (1) debater a formação docente e a ciência geográfica; (2) entender o curso de Geografia investigado e o perfil dos acadêmicos; (3) compreender a formação em Geografia e as perspectivas acadêmicas dos futuros professores. Entre os principais resultados, os respondentes apontam a necessidade de uma formação acadêmica voltada, de fato, para a docência, pois consideraram os desafios em se estar em sala de aula e a ausência de uma formação que os prepare para isso.
Positive newborn screen: a case of a novel variant in DCLRE1C in a patient with SCID
Authors: Choe Noreen , Brick Lauren , Kozenko Mariya , Chakraborty Pranesh , Kernohan Kristin D. , Bulman Dennis , Brager Rae 
Published: March 2020

Background: Artemis enzyme, encoded by the DCLRE1C gene, is essential to V(D)J recombination in both T and B lymphocytes. Artemis functions as an important component of the nonhomologous end-joining DNA double-strand break repair pathway. Artemis deficiency leads to a T-B-NK+ severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) associated with radiosensitivity. Clinical presentation: We present a case of a positive newborn screen for SCID in a patient who was subsequently shown to have a T-B-NK+ phenotype. Further immune evaluation showed profound T and B lymphopenia, near-absent response to mitogen stimulation, and absent immunoglobulins A and M. Genetic investigation demonstrated a novel and putative pathogenic variant in the DCLRE1C gene. Conclusion: This case identifies a novel variant in the DCLRE1C gene in a patient with SCID identified by newborn screening. Statement of novelty: This case report identifies a novel variant in the DCLRE1C gene in a patient with T-B-NK+ SCID.
Bell–Sheffer exponential polynomials of the second kind
Authors: Natalini Pierpaolo , Ricci Paolo Emilio 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In recent papers, new sets of Sheffer
and Brenke polynomials based on higher order Bell numbers
and several integer sequences related to them have been studied.
In the present paper, new sets of Bell–Sheffer polynomials
are introduced. Connections with Bell numbers are shown.
Establishment of a Peace Regime on the Korean Peninsula: Definition, Process, and Cooperation
Authors: Lee Jootaek 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Depending on how we define a peace regime, we can determine whether we have reached a peace regime on the Korean peninsula, or what and how we have to pursue to reach a peace regime. A new definition of a regime should not be too broad to admit the current balance of powers based on hegemonies and states’ patterns of behaviors, or too restrictive and formal to codify as a multi-national treaty; a simple peace treaty cannot cover everything a peace regime needs to have and reflect the complicated process of peace building, cooperation and tension-reduction. In this paper, I will attempt to find the most-realistic definition for a peace regime to provide an ultimate peace on the Korean peninsula. Further, I will think about how to reach the newly defined peace regime on the Korean peninsula and the obstacles to overcome to reach this peace regime, including: (1) Denuclearization; and (2) How a peace regime can be transnationally supported and peacefully digested and incorporated into the domestic level processes and norms, especially considering that reaching a regime reflecting national interests is a daunting task. Lastly, I will conclude with recommendations for states surrounding the Korean peninsula.
Reimagining Law and the Constitution: Carl Schmitt and American Constitutional Scholarship
Authors: Ding Xiaodong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article studies the debate between Schmitt’s theory and legal positivism, which Schmitt identifies as a typical liberal theory of law. Schmitt’s theory, I argue, provides a powerful critique of legal positivism, while offering a meaningful, alternative understanding of law that begins not with norms, but with the will of a legitimate decider. To demonstrate the continuing relevance of the debate Schmitt had with legal positivism, I turn to what I describe as a similar legal positivism/Schmitt debate in American constitutional scholarship. Ultimately, I take a side in this debate, arguing for a fully Schmittian understanding of the Constitution as the will or continuous decision of the people, rather than as positive constitutional norms existing independently of politics.
Groups in which the centralizer of any non-central element is maximal
Authors: Zhao Xianhe , Chen Ruifang , Guo Xiuyun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Let x be an element of a finite group G.
It is clear that

〈
x
〉

≤

C
G

⁢

(
x
)

≤
G

{\langle x\rangle\leq C_{G}(x)\leq G}

.
For the cases where

C
G

⁢

(
x
)

=
G

{C_{G}(x)=G}

and

C
G

⁢

(
x
)

=

〈
x
〉

{C_{G}(x)=\langle x\rangle}

for any element x of G, the structure of G is easily decided.
In this paper, we investigate the case where

C
G

⁢

(
x
)

{C_{G}(x)}

is maximal in G and obtain the structure of G.
Identification of the diffusion coefficient in a time fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Salehi Shayegan Amir Hossein , Zakeri Ali , Bodaghi Soheila , Heshmati M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of a quasi solution to a time fractional diffusion equation related to

D
t
α

C

⁢
u

-

∇
⋅

(

k
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

∇
⁡
u

)

=
f

{{}^{C}D_{t}^{\alpha}u-\nabla\cdot(k(x)\nabla u)=f}

, where the function

k
=

k
⁢

(
x
)

{k=k(x)}

is unknown.
We consider a methodology, involving minimization of a least squares cost functional, to identify the unknown function k.
At the first step of the methodology, we give a stability result corresponding to connectivity of k and u which leads to the continuity
of the cost functional.
We next construct an appropriate class of admissible functions and show that a solution of the minimization problem exists for the continuous cost functional.
At the end, convexity of the introduced cost functional and subsequently the uniqueness theorem of the quasi solution are given.
Direct and inverse source problems for degenerate parabolic equations
Authors: Hussein M. S. , Lesnic Daniel , Kamynin Vitaly L. , Kostin Andrey B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Degenerate parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) with vanishing or unbounded leading coefficient make the PDE non-uniformly parabolic, and new theories need to be developed in the context of practical applications of such rather unstudied mathematical models arising in porous media, population dynamics, financial mathematics, etc.
With this new challenge in mind, this paper considers investigating newly formulated direct and inverse problems associated with non-uniform parabolic PDEs where the leading space- and time-dependent coefficient is allowed to vanish on a non-empty, but zero measure, kernel set.
In the context of inverse analysis, we consider the linear but ill-posed identification of a space-dependent source from a time-integral observation of the weighted main dependent variable.
For both, this inverse source problem as well as its corresponding direct formulation, we rigorously investigate the question of well-posedness.
We also give examples of inverse problems for which sufficient conditions guaranteeing the unique solvability are fulfilled, and present the results of numerical simulations.
It is hoped that the analysis initiated in this study will open up new avenues for research in the field of direct and inverse problems for degenerate parabolic equations with applications.
Strongly increasing solutions of higher-order quasilinear ordinary differential equations
Authors: Naito Manabu , Usami Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper we discuss the existence and asymptotic behavior of strongly increasing solutions of quasilinear ordinary differential equations of the form

D
(

α
n

,

α

n
−
1

,
…
,

α
1

)
x
=
p
(
t
)

|

x

|

β

sgn
x
,

t
≥
a
.

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle D(\alpha_n, \alpha_{n-1}, \dots, \alpha_1)x = p(t)|x|^{\beta}\text{ sgn } x, \quad t \geq a.
\end{array} $$

(1.1)

It will be shown that there is an explicit difference between the cases α
1
α
2 ⋯ αn
≥ β and α
1
α
2 ⋯ αn
< β for the structure of the totality of strongly increasing solutions of (1.1).
The lattices of families of regular sets in topological spaces
Authors: Przemska Emilia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The question as to the number of sets obtainable from a given subset of a topological space using the operators derived by composing members of the set {b, i, ∨, ∧}, where b, i, ∨ and ∧ denote the closure operator, the interior operator, the binary operators corresponding to union and intersection, respectively, is called the Kuratowski {b, i, ∨, ∧}-problem. This problem has been solved independently by Sherman [21] and, Gardner and Jackson [13], where the resulting 34 plus identity operators were depicted in the Hasse diagram. In this paper we investigate the sets of fixed points of these operators. We show that there are at most 23 such families of subsets. Twelve of them are the topology, the family of all closed subsets plus, well known generalizations of open sets, plus the families of their complements. Each of the other 11 families forms a complete complemented lattice under the operations of join, meet and negation defined according to a uniform procedure. Two of them are the well known Boolean algebras formed by the regular open sets and regular closed sets, any of the others in general need not be a Boolean algebras.
Investigation of Pigments on an Indian Palm Leaf Manuscript (18th – 19th century) by SEM-EDX and other Techniques
Authors: Singh M. R. , Sharma Deepakshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses pigments used in Indian palm leaf manuscripts. Formerly it was believed that pigments for palm leaf illustrations were mostly sourced from plant extracts – a believe that is still widespread in India. This paper reports the identification of pigments of an illustrated palm leaf manuscript (eighteenth – nineteenth century) collected from the east coast of India. As Raman spectra of many pigments gave too high background noise, the identification was mostly accomplished through SEM-EDX and FTIR spectroscopy. The analytical findings indicated that both mineral colours and plant extracts were sourced for Indian palm-leaf manuscripts. Analysis indicated the use of lamp black for black, indigo for blue, vermillion for red, orpiment for yellow, china clay for white and a mixture of orpiment and indigo for green coloration in the illustrations. The data has improved our knowledge of historic pigments used in palm leaf illustrations. As some of the pigments are either photosensitive or darken due to atmospheric pollution, necessary preventive conservation measures need to be adopted.
The UCSF Mouse Inventory Database Application, an Open Source Web App for Sharing Mutant Mice Within a Research Community
Authors: Wall Estelle , Scoles Jonathan , Joo Adriane , Klein Ophir , Quinonez Carlo , Bush Jeffrey O , Martin Gail R , Laird Diana J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The UCSF Mouse Inventory Database Application is an open-source Web App that provides information about the mutant alleles, transgenes, and inbred strains maintained by investigators at the university and facilitates sharing of these resources within the university community. The Application is designed to promote collaboration, decrease the costs associated with obtaining genetically-modified mice, and increase access to mouse lines that are difficult to obtain. An inventory of the genetically-modified mice on campus and the investigators who maintain them is compiled from records of purchases from external sources, transfers from researchers within and outside the university, and from data provided by users. These data are verified and augmented with relevant information harvested from public databases, and stored in a succinct, searchable database secured on the university network. Here we describe this resource and provide information about how to implement and maintain such a mouse inventory database application at other institutions.