bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coconut Shell Feedstock Based Top Lit Updraft Gasifier for Biochar and Heat Cogeneration
Authors: Atienza A. H. , Orcullo J. , Salamat C. , Wassmer C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Biomass is not new in the field of renewable energy and has been in use for decades now. Coconut shell is one of those. It comes from the coconut tree which is a member of the palm tree family or Arecaceae. It is also used for the bio charcoal. Biochar is a carbonaceous solid that is done through the process of pyrolysis. It is a process in which the biomass feedstock is heated with little to no air in a closed container. It can be used as a soil nutrient amendment and can also be processed into briquettes for fuel. The researchers designed a coconut shell-based biochar feedstock in which the heat that is being generated during the process of pyrolysis is extracted and used for cooking means. A top-lit updraft design has been considered for the project. The components of the project such as the outer chamber which houses the whole design, the combustion chamber with slanted row holes which the vaporization process occurs and the blower fan for the vaporization period to aide with the continuous burning and to eliminate the emission of smoke. The gathered data from the experiments were analyzed and it shows that turning the coconut shells into biochar can be done in less than 2 hours with highest inside temperature of 352.32°C at an air flow rate of 0.013 m3/s. The heat it produced is suitable for simple household stove usage without the emission of harmful smoke with the aid of the blower fan during the whole process. The produced coconut shell bio charcoal was later sent to Calaca Power Complex coal testing laboratories for determination of the biochar’s characteristics such as its calorific value and volatile matter. The laboratory results reveal that the produced bio charcoal has a calorific value of 30.865 MJ/Kg.
Response Performance Characteristics of LRB Base Isolator for Cyclotron Building Due to Parts Sizing
Authors: Gunawan Hyundianto Arif , Nirbito Wahyu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Study of the effects of part sizing on Lead Rubber Bearing Base (LRB) isolator for cyclotron building foundation application has been carried out. The cyclotron building design must be able to withstand earthquake loads without damaging either the structural integrity or the functionality of the building as the shielding against the radiation rays generated when the cyclotron operates. Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) base isolators are designed for the cyclotron building foundation to provide structural integrity and reliability against earthquakes. The LRB base isolator constructed as a stack of flat rubber and steel ring plates with lead in the center. Variation of the sizes of the LRB parts are bringing up the necessity to investigate further the response characteristics of the cyclotron building due to an earthquake excitation. Parts sizing of the LRB are of the steel plates thickness, the rubber layer thickness as well as the diameter of the leads. From the simulation then it is revealed that every configuration size is giving different effective stiffness, vertical stiffness as well as damping values in vibration isolation percentage value. Results from an LRB static analysis then are included as well in the dynamic analysis to determine differences in cyclotron building responses. The computer FEA simulation running on Abaqus and Solid Work® 3D FEM software platform revealed that changes in the thickness of the plate, rubber layer and lead diameter affected the dynamic responses of the cyclotron buildings when subjected to earthquake loads.
Effect of Combination Yaw Angle Variation and Base Bleeding for Tractor-Trailer Drag Reduction through Experimental Investigation and CFD
Authors: Assim  , Al-Daraje H. Yousif , Alderoubi Nabeh N. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on the effect of variations in yaw angle and base bleeding configuration on the reduction of tractor-trailer drag. Detailed experimental and CFD investigations are introduced. Crosswind is used to simulate the yawed flow conditions. Three bleeding hole settings are arranged in the tractor base area. Experiments and CFD are done using 1:32 scale model, after validating the results of the CFD extended to a full-scale model. In the CFD investigation, the structure and rotation of the flow around the tractor-trailer and the gap area are examined. Experimental investigations was Carried out in an open jet wind tunnel. The results showed that when the yaw angle is greater than 3 a drag reduction is clearly observed. At the yaw angle of 12 ° maximum drag reduction occurs in the form of drag coefficient is 19%, 21% and 23% for bleeding coefficient of 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06. Through the results of CFD predictions, the effects of bleed increase entrainment flow in the gap and reduce the wake area on the leeward side of the trailer and consequently produce a significant reduction in drag. This result is caused by a large flow separation zone that forms along the underside of the trailer when there is no bleeding which increases vehicle drag. The appropriate bleeding area of the tractor base is an alternative that allows in reducing the drag in the tractor- trailer gap.
Analysis of the Influence of Camber on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Airfoil Based on FLUENT
Authors: Yining Yang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Based on hydraulic machinery blades airfoil design, numerical simulation was carried out for the hydrodynamics force of airfoil with different camber at Re = 107. Firstly, the numerical simulation of airfoil was performed with structured grid and the Reynolds-averaged Navier-stokes-method, which coupled with the k – ε turbulence model. Secondly, the drag and lift characteristics of airfoil with different camber were analysed. Finally, the flow field and pressure distribution of the airfoil was discussed. The result shows that as camber increases, drag, lift and lift-to-drag ratio increase, while the attack angle corresponding to maximum lift-to-drag ratio decreases. The results are useful for understanding the hydrodynamic performance of the airfoil, and provide an important theoretical basis for the design, selection and development of the airfoil in hydraulic machine.
A Road Identification Method Based on Road Slope Information for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicles
Authors: Guo Luole , Xu Hongbing , Zou Jianxiao , Jie Hongyu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles (4WID EV) drive safely and stably, which depends on current road conditions, especially road friction coefficient and slope, and different driving control strategies are used according to road conditions. Therefore, a road identification method is proposed to estimate the road information. Firstly, we design a road identification algorithm to identify the current road conditions of 4WID EV, and calculate the optimal slip ratio of the current road surface by curve fitting method. When the wheel slip ratio is controlled near the optimal slip ratio, the wheel adhesion coefficient can be maximized to prevent the wheel from slipping. Then, a slope identification algorithm based on Luenberger state observer is designed to identify the various slopes of uphill and downhill, and it provides a reference for the calculation of the slope compensation torque. Finally, through the joint simulation platform of MATLAB/Simulink and Carsim, it shows that the proposed road identification can identify the current road conditions and slope effectively.
Imidazoline-lauric derivative synthesis using MAOS (microwave assisted organic synthesis) method and its activity as corrosion inhibitor towards carbon steel
Authors: Andreana B , Rahayu D U C , Nurani D A , Krisnandi Y K , Budianto E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Imidazoline is a heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen atom, which is wellknown in industry, especially in petroleum field as a corrosion inhibitor of oil refineries in sea environment. In searching of potential organic compounds for corrosion inhibitor, imidazoline-lauric derivative had been successfully synthesized by reacting triethylenetetramine (TETA) and lauric acid (LA) with solvent free and variation of reaction time using MAOS (Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis) method. The optimum yield of TETA-LA imidazoline was 72.6 % at 7 min reaction time in 800 watts. TETA-LA imidazoline was identified using TLC and melting point analyzer while its structure had been confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), UV-Vis, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR), and Mass Spectrometry (MS) spectral data. The highest percentage of inhibition efficiency (% IE) using Tafel polarization method was 74.5 % at 500 ppm of TETA-LA imidazoline. It can be concluded that imidazoline-lauric derivative is potent to be developed as corrosion inhibitor towards carbon steel.
Sodium alginate-TiO2-bentonite nanocomposite synthesis for photocatalysis of methylene blue dye removal
Authors: Subekti R , Helmiyati H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, nanocomposite based on biopolymer using sodium alginate (NaAlg) and bentonite intercalated by TiO2 was synthesized. Bentonite in the nanocomposite was used as a template for TiO2 nanoparticles formation through in-situ method and NaAlg was used as catalyst supporter in order to obtain nanocomposite material, which was expected as dye waste removal. The nanocomposite was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) and Tunneling Electron Microscopy (TEM). The obtained nanocomposite had TiO2 average nanoparticles size around 35 nm. Nanocomposite was applied for photocatalysis to remove the dye waste of methylene blue (MB). Degradation percentage was achieved at 90.50 % with the optimum condition at pH 8 with photocatalysis time at 30 min and 30 mg nanocomposite mass. Biopolymer-based sodium alginate and TiO2-bentonite nanocomposite can be applied to reduce dyestuff that is biodegradable and environmentally friendly waste.
Synthesis of Mn3O4/ZSM-5 zeolite from natural aluminosilicate minerals and its application as heterogeneous catalyst for α-cellulose conversion to levulinic acid
Authors: Fhaza S F , Krisnandi Y K , Rahayu D U C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Microporous ZSM-5 was successfully synthesized using Bayat-Klaten natural zeolite and Belitung kaolin as its mineral source through 2 stages of treatment, i.e. pre-treatment of natural zeolite and kaolin followed by synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite. Bayat-Klaten natural zeolite as source of Si and Al was first treated as follows: activation, purification, fragmentation, and dealumination, whereas Belitung kaolin as the source of Si, to cover Si deficiency in the synthesis, was treated as follows: activation, purification, and Si extraction. Based on Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis, the Si/Al ratio was 24.8 in dealuminated natural zeolite and 98 % of Si after kaolin extraction. ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized and characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The XRD pattern showed a similarity with typical ZSM-5 zeolites. Impregnation with Mn(II) followed by calcination at 550 °C giving Mn3O4/ZSM-5 (2.2 wt.% of Mn), that then employed as catalyst for α-cellulose conversion to levulinic acid. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis in product reaction showed that the conversion reaction for 6 h resulting in the highest yield of levulinic acid (7.2 %). Therefore, it was revealed that the natural mineral-based ZSM-5 has potential to be used as heterogeneous catalyst.
Study of urinary 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in rats (Rattus norvegicus) due to bisphenol A (BPA) exposure based on fenton-like reaction
Authors: Franklyn H , Budiawan B , Handayani S , Dani I C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted to analyze the formation of DNA adduct 8-OHdG due to oxidative damage of DNA caused by Bisphenol (BPA) and chromium (VI) exposure. The in vivo study was conducted in the rat (Rattus norvegicus) group with exposure of BPA (2 mg/kg BW), the mixture of BPA (2 mg/kg BW) and Cr (VI) (1.28 µg/kg BW) for 28 days, respectively. Urine of rats was collected every week as samples for tracking the 8-OHdG compounds. The formation of 8-OHdG in urine samples was analyzed using LC-MS/MS with reverse-phase chromatography. Mixture of ammonium acetate pH 4.0 20 mM and acetonitrile were used as mobile phase in LC-MS/MS for an elution gradient. The results showed that the exposure of BPA, the mixture of BPA and Cr (VI) might cause the formation of urinary 8-OHdG in rats. The longer exposure time causes the increase level of urinary 8-OHdG formations. The study also showed that urinary 8-OHdG concentration increases due to synergistic effect between BPA and Cr (VI) exposure.
The effects of PMSF and cysteine addition into partially purified bromelain from pineapple (Ananas comosus [L] Merr) cores to its kinetics behaviour
Authors: Setiasih S , Putri M , Handayani S , Hudiyono S 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBromelain found in various tissues in the pineapple plant (Ananas Comusus [L] Merr. The bromelain will be taken from pineapple cores for kinetic study. The effect of addition organic compounds, such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and cysteine on its kinetics behaviour will be determined by proteolytic activities of the bromelain. The stages of this study were started from isolation of crude enzyme, fractionation with ammonium sulphate salt, dialysis, and ion-exchange column chromatography with CM sephadex C-50 for enzyme purification. The obtained enzyme fractions from crude enzyme, ammonium sulphate, dialysis, and CM-sephadex C-50 ion exchange chromatography have specific activities of 45.39, 238.31, 311.16, and 427.13 U/mg, respectively. The purification stages result in increasing of the bromelain specific activities by 9 times compared to the crude enzyme. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) value for the purified bromelain was 0.85 % casein and the Vmax value was 0.41 U/min. Addition of PMSF and cysteine compound effect on its Vmax and Km with various trends. The Vmax value will be decreased by addition of PMSF and increased by addition of cysteine. Thus, proteolytic activity of bromelain from pineapple cores can be significantly increased by the addition of cysteine compounds and inhibited by the addition of PMSF.
Calcium alginate-TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite for glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Lestari I , Helmiyati H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The sodium alginate biopolymer used to form calcium alginate-TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized. The first stage is synthesis of TiO2/SiO2 composites by the sol-gel method using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) precursors. Calcium alginate nanocomposite is formed from the crosslinking process between Ca2+ ions from CaCl2.2H2O with sodium alginate combined with TiO2/SiO2 composites, characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Tunneling Electron Microscopy (TEM). The average particle size of TiO2/SiO2 composite on the surface of calcium alginate obtained by TEM is about 50 nm. The application of calcium alginate-TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite as catalyst is used for conversion of glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvents. The best glucose conversion obtained at 140 °C for 4 hours is 97 % and optimum HMF yield obtained at 140 °C and 5 hours is 40 %. Nanocomposites based on sodium alginate biopolymers combined with TiO2/SiO2 composites can be developed as new superior materials and promising catalysts because it is easily obtained and biodegradable.
Dissolution profile of partially purified bromelain from pineapple core encapsulated in alginate-guar gum with in vitro study of antiplatelet activity
Authors: Irfan A A , Setiasih S , Hudiyono S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to maintain the antiplatelet activity of pineapple core bromelain from degradation in gastric fluid by encapsulating the enzyme in alginate-guar gum crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Bromelain isolation was followed by purification process such as ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. The specific activity obtained showed an enhancement started for crude enzyme (20.11 U/mg), ammonium sulfate fraction (190.64 U/mg), and dialysis fraction (229.77 U/mg). Dialysis fraction was encapsulated by in situ loading method in alginate-guar gum hydrogel with 1.25% (v/v) glutaraldehyde concentration. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel is 234.37 % in acidity of 1.2; and 1375.91 % in acidity of 7.4; while the encapsulation efficiency amount was 60.42%. I n addition, maximum concentration of bromelain released in dissolution test was higher in artificial intestinal environment (1.79 mg/L) than in artificial gastric fluid (0.13 mg/L), with maximum proteolytic activity of 1.2 U/mL and 0.11 U/mL, respectively. In vitro study of antiplatelet activity showed a good inhibition for dialysis fraction (50.6 %) and dissolution fraction (34.86 %), indicating that the hydrogel is good enough to maintain the activity of bromelain.
Gold nanoparticles supported on Al2O3 using Tabebuia aurea leaf extract and catalytic properties for methylene blue reduction
Authors: Maulidya A , Yulizar Y , Utari T , Apriandanu D O B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this research, we reported a cost-effective and an environmentally friendly technique for synthesis of gold nanoparticles supported on alumina (Al2O3/AuNPs) using Tabebuia aurea leaf extract (TAE) as non-toxic reducing agent, efficient stabilizer, and weak base source without adding any surfactants. Al2O3/AuNPs was characterized using various techniques including UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). AuNPs was successfully synthesized using HAuCl4 as precursor. The characterization of UV-Vis Spectrophotometer shows that AuNPs colloidal was formed at 0.15 % TAE. FTIR characterization of Al2O3 shows Al-OH band at 1505 cm−1 and Al-O band at 680 cm−1. Phase of Al2O3 was amorphous confirmed by XRD. The particle size distribution average of Al2O3/AuNPs was about 43 nm. The reduction percentage of methylene blue using Al2O3/AuNPs catalyst was 70.41 % for 120 min.
The influence of gap spacing in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectra of Ag nanorod-coupled with end-to-end assembly using boundary element method
Authors: Fitria N , Sujak M , Djuhana D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We have systematically investigated the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) of Ag nanorod-coupled with end-to-end assembly and influence distance between nanorod using metallic nanoparticle based on the boundary element method (MNPBEM). We focused on the extinction curve of LSPR spectra for investigating the effect of gap spacing for this work. It was found that the extinction curve showed two behaviours, for lower wavelength known as the transversal mode and higher wavelength as the longitudinal mode. For further understanding, we also analyzed the electric field related to LSPR spectra of Ag nanorod-coupled. In end-to-end assembly, the resonance peak of transversal mode shifted to lower wavelength (blue-shift) while for longitudinal mode shifted to higher wavelength (red-shift), both as the spacing gap decreased. Interestingly, for the case in parallel polarization, the peaks of wavelength decay as the gap spacing increased followed a plasmon ruler. We observed the dipole-dipole interaction was the influence in LSPR spectra of Ag nanorod-coupled. According to this result, it is essential to understand the distance dependence in LSPR spectra in coupled noble particle system.
Hysteresis loops observation of FePt and FePd square ferromagnets using micromagnetic simulation
Authors: Fadhilah U , Kurniawan C , Djuhana D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, we have investigated magnetic hysteresis loops of squared model FePt and FePd ferromagnets by a public micromagnetic simulation based on Landau-Lifshitz Gilbert (LLG) equation. The hysteresis loops of FePt and FePd ferromagnets are generated by in-plane and out-plane applied field with respect to the size and thickness variation. It is found that the coercivity field for both FePt and FePd squared ferromagnets exhibited different behavior for the size of ferromagnets around 50–100 nm and more than 100 nm. The results showed that the hysteresis loops produced a large coercivity when the in-plane field was applied and zero coercivity for external out-plane field. Interestingly, coercivity field was still observed for materials with size below 100 nm with ranging values between 20–40 mT. From this result, certain values of the coercivity field appeared for out-plane applied field at small thickness indicates a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) behavior in FePt and FePd ferromagnets.
Does the public feel prepared to be substitute decision-makers? Gaps in preparedness and support for a high school curriculum: a national survey
Authors: Wong Michael K Y , Jiang Mengzhu , Medor Maria Cassandre , Labre Katerina Yelle , Frank Jason R , Fischer Lisa M , Cheung Warren J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Substitute decision-makers (SDMs) make decisions on behalf of patients who do not have capacity, in line with previously expressed wishes, values and beliefs. However, miscommunications and poor awareness of previous wishes often lead to inappropriate care. Increasing public preparedness to communicate on behalf of loved ones may improve care in patients requiring an SDM.

Methods
We conducted an online survey in January 2019 with a representative sample of the Canadian population. The primary outcome was self-reported preparedness to be an SDM. The secondary outcome was support for a high school curriculum on the role of SDMs. The effect of socio-demographics, known enablers and barriers to acting as an SDM, and attitudes towards a high school curriculum were assessed using multivariate analysis.

Results
Of 1,000 participants, 53.1% felt prepared to be an SDM, and 75.4% stated they understood their loved one’s values. However, only 55.6% reported having had a meaningful conversation with their loved one about values and wishes, and only 61.7% reported understanding the SDM role. Engagement in advance care planning for oneself was low (23.1%). Age, experience, training and comfort with communication were associated with preparedness in our multivariate analysis. A high school curriculum was supported by 61.1% of respondents, with 28.3% neutral and 10.6% against it.

Interpretation
There is a gap between perceived and actual preparedness to be an SDM. Many report understanding their loved one’s values yet have not asked them about wishes in illness or end of life. The majority of respondents support high school education to improve preparedness.