bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olmesartan‐associated duodenal villous atrophy, an emerging clinical issue
Authors: Shukla Nupur , Moore Kylies , Gabb Genevieve M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuodenal villous atrophy with olmesartan was described in 2012, 10 years following registration of olmesartan. Clinical features are severe watery diarrhoea, usually occurring in association with weight loss. Onset is delayed, with a mean duration of prior exposure to olmesartan of 3 years. Diagnosis may be delayed. Symptoms resolve over weeks following cessation of olmesartan. Epidemiological studies suggest increased risk with olmesartan, rather than a class effect of all angiotensin receptor blockers. Post‐marketing surveillance for drug safety remains important.
Reduced glycemic variability and flexible graft function after islet transplantation: A case report
Authors: Nakamura Toshihiro , Fujikura Junji , Anazawa Takayuki , Ito Ryo , Ogura Masahito , Okajima Hideaki , Noguchi Hirofumi , Uemoto Shinji , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo date, studies of patients with islet transplantation addressing intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring profile and the flexibility of the graft islet function under different doses of insulin administration, both of which reflect the real daily life of patients, are quite limited. Here, we report a case of a 46‐year‐old woman who received islet transplantation after kidney transplantation. The patient was followed up over a period of 2 years after initial islet transplantation. Our results show that intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring can be useful for monitoring the reduction of glycemic variability, and suggest the appropriate regulation of insulin secretion from graft islets during mixed‐meal test by using different doses of exogenous insulin administration. Additionally, during the 2‐year observational period, glucagon elevation was detected only at hypoglycemia, whereas the level was within the normal range at normoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
Effect of fat substitution using long‐chain inulin and fortification with microencapsulated calcium in the rheological and sensory properties of yogurt mousse
Authors: Gomez‐Betancur Ana M. , Carmona‐Tamayo Raquel , Martínez‐Álvarez Olga L. , Casanova‐Yepes Herley , Torres‐Oquendo Juan D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of fat substitution using long‐chain inulin and fortification with microencapsulated calcium carbonate in the overrun, rheological, and sensory properties of yogurt mousse by applying the response surface methodology. Large and small deformations, rheological tests, and sensory profiles by a multidimensional approach were performed to 19 experimental runs. Fat (0.0–8.0%), inulin (0.0–4.8%), and calcium (0.0–1.0%) were the independent variables; whereas overrun, rheological parameters, and sensory texture attributes were the response variables. The results indicated that inulin had a significant influence over all the rheological responses and creaminess of yogurt mousses; fat had important effects in the overrun and sensory texture, and calcium positively influenced the viscoelasticity and flow behavior of the product. The chalky texture was not affected by microencapsulated calcium. Finally, a formulation containing 2.8% fat, 4.8% inulin, and 1.0% microencapsulated calcium met rheological and sensory characteristics comparable to a full‐fat, non‐fortified yogurt mousse.Practical ApplicationFat substitution using long‐chain inulin and fortification with microencapsulated calcium carbonate in yogurt mousse could facilitate the development of dairy products with improved nutritional value, texture, and sensory quality. Inulin and microencapsulated calcium carbonate are functional ingredients that could increase the crosslinking interactions of the milk proteins in yogurt, enhancing yogurt texture. Moreover, inulin is a prebiotic polysaccharide that favors calcium bioavailability. Therefore, the knowledge of yogurt mousse rheological and sensory properties through varying the fat, inulin, and calcium content would provide valuable information in the manufacturing process of this product. The evidence presented in this study would be useful for the dairy industry in the development of reduced‐fat and mineral‐fortified products and predicting aerated desserts' texture.
Natural history of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in hemodialysis patients: A dual‐center long‐term cohort study
Authors: Niikura Ryota , Aoki Tomonori , Kojima Tetsu , Kawahara Takuya , Yamada Atsuo , Nakamura Hideyo , Inoue Kenji , Morikoshi Eita , Migita Raita , Shimizu Toshiko , Kojima Takeshi , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimKnowledge on the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in hemodialysis patients is limited. We evaluated the risk of GI bleeding in hemodialysis patients compared with non‐hemodialysis patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study from 1996 to 2017 at the Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, and Horinouchi Hospital. We analyzed patients on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure and controls not on hemodialysis. The primary endpoint was GI bleeding. A survival analysis was performed to estimate the cumulative incidence and hazard ratio of GI bleeding.ResultsA total of 14 451 patients were analyzed (417 hemodialysis and 14 034 non‐hemodialysis patients). In total, 524 GI bleeding events occurred. Upper and lower GI bleeding occurred in 432 and 92 patients in the hemodialysis and non‐hemodialysis groups, respectively. The most frequent source of upper and lower GI bleeding was gastric ulcer and colonic diverticular bleeding, respectively. The cumulative incidence of GI bleeding was 4.44% at 1 year, 7.15% at 3 years, and 10.40% at 5 years in hemodialysis patients; the respective rates were 2.35%, 2.98%, and 3.79% in non‐hemodialysis patients during a mean follow‐up period of 3.5 years. Hemodialysis was significantly associated with an increased risk of GI bleeding after adjustment (hazard ratio 1.67, P = 0.01, 95% confidence interval 1.13–2.50).ConclusionsHemodialysis patients had a GI bleeding rate of 10% over 5 years, and hemodialysis was a risk factor for GI bleeding.
Expressions of glutathione S‐transferase alpha, mu, pi, and theta in the skin samples of patients with acne rosacea
Authors: Takci Zennure , Gunes Bilgili Serap , Kilic Murat , Oguztuzun Serpil , Bozer Busra , Guler Simsek Gulcin , Akbayrak Atiye , Yıldız Seckin Havva , Karadag Ayse Serap 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundData point to the importance of oxidative stress in rosacea. Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) have substantial roles in a wide variety of oxidative stress‐related conditions.AimTo evaluate the immunohistochemical staining characteristics of GST alpha (GSTA), mu (GSTM), pi (GSTP), and theta (GSTT) in patients with rosacea.Patients/MethodsThe study included 23 women and 7 men with rosacea (mean ± SD age 49 ± 11 year) and 15 healthy control subjects (10 women, 5 men; mean ± SD age 47.86 ± 10.88 year). For each patient, the average disease duration, disease subtype, ocular involvement, and severity score were recorded. A 3‐mm punch biopsy was taken from the facial skin of each patient and control. Expression of GST isoenzymes was analyzed immunohistochemically.ResultsExpressions of GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 were significantly elevated in patients with rosacea compared to those in the control group (P = .0001, P = .0002, P < .0001, respectively). In the rosacea group, GSTT1 expression was significantly stronger than GSTP1 and GSTA1 expressions (P = .019, P < .0001, respectively). There were no significant associations between expressions of GST isoenzymes and gender, age, average duration of illness, disease subtype, ocular involvement, or severity score in the patient group (all P > .05).ConclusionsIn rosacea, the significant increase of GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 expressions might result from activation of GST as an outcome of extreme free radical generation from triggered neutrophils or ultraviolet vulnerability. These findings support the relevance of oxidant stress in the pathogenesis of rosacea.
Modulation of skin androgenesis and sebum production by a dermocosmetic formulation
Authors: Crocco Elisete Isabel , Bonifácio Evellin Barbosa , Facchini Gustavo , da Silva Gustavo Henrique , da Silva Michelle Sabrina , Pinheiro Ana Lucia Tabarini Alves , Avelar Paula Voltarelli Franco , Eberlin Samara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundExcessive androgenesis in the skin promotes sebaceous hyperproduction which is the onset of acne vulgaris pathogenesis. Free fatty acids and lipid accumulation in the glandular infundibulum culminates in microbiota imbalance, triggering inflammatory response and follicular hyperkeratinization.AimsThe purpose of this work was to present an alternative cosmetic treatment for acne skin care, focusing on the prevention of sebaceous gland dysregulation.MethodsInsulin‐stimulated human sebocytes were treated with noncytotoxic concentrations of a DTRW cosmetic formulation. After 6 days of incubation, cell lysates were collected for testosterone, 5α‐reductase, and dyhidrotestosterone (DHT) quantitation. In parallel, cells were stained with Oil Red O to measure sebum production.ResultsHuman sebocytes were incubated with insulin to mimic a seborrheic microenvironment with overproduction of intracellular lipids and fatty acids. Concomitant incubation of cell cultures with DRTW was able to promote a 52.97% reduction in intracellular lipid content. The anti‐androgenic properties of DRTW had been proved by the reductions of testosterone (↓59.90%), 5α reductase (↓59.34%), and DHT (↓55.98%) levels in sebocyte cultures also stimulated with insulin.ConclusionThe results indicate a promising action of DRTW cosmetic formulation in preventing the development of acne lesions by mechanisms involving the modulation of cutaneous androgenesis and consequently the control of sebum overproduction, considered one of the leading causes of acne.
Açaí berries (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) dried extract improves ethanol-induced ulcer in rats
Authors: Cury Benhur Judah , Boeing Thaise , Somensi Lincon Bordignon , Mariano Luisa Nathália Bolda , de Andrade Sergio Faloni , Breviglieri Eduardo , Klein-Junior Luiz Carlos , de Souza Priscila , da Silva Luisa Mota 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea) is widely consumed in Brazil and known for its numerous health-beneficial properties. This study investigated the gastroprotective potential of the dried açaí berries extract (DAE).

Methods
Dried açaí berries extract effect was evaluated against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Its ability to regulate antioxidant defenses and reduce inflammatory parameters was evaluated in the ulcerated tissues. The scavenger capability of DAE was assessed by DPPH assay, and phytochemical composition was accessed by UHPLC.

Key findings
The extract showed radical scavenger activity in vitro (IC50 = 210 µg/ml) and gastroprotective effect in vivo, reducing the ulcerated area by 83%, 67% and 48% at doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg (p.o) and 3 mg/kg (i.p), respectively, compared with vehicle group. Besides, DAE (100 mg/kg, p.o) increased the GSH content and GST activity in ulcerated mucosa. Animals treated with DAE showed normalized levels of SOD activity, elevated CAT activity and decreased MPO activity, as well as reduced TNF-α levels, compared with vehicle group. Peonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-rutinoside, cyanidin-3,5-hexoside-pentoside, cyaniding-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-rutinoside were identified in DAE.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that DAE reduces the inflammation and maintains the oxidative balance of gastric mucosa, therefore being a promising natural resource or useful nutraceutical to protect gastric mucosa.
Mound‐building ants increase the proportion of Gramineae in above‐ground vegetation and the soil seed bank in alpine meadows
Authors: Zhao Min , Yu Yingwen , Shi Ying , Mou Xiaoming , Degen Allan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuestionThe impact of ants on the vegetation and soil seed bank of alpine meadows on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau is largely unknown. We questioned how the mound‐building ant, Camponotus herculeanus, affects the above‐ground vegetation, the soil seed bank and physico‐chemical properties of the soil.LocationAn alpine meadow in the northeast margin of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (37°40′ N, 102°32′ E), China.MethodsWe used field and greenhouse studies to determine the above‐ground vegetation parameters and soil physico‐chemical properties, and the soil seed bank composition under the mound (UM), the herbage circle at about 10 cm width around the outside of the mound (mound edge, ME) and the area 1 m from the center of the mound (control).Results(a) The mound edge had higher vegetation height, greater above‐ground biomass, lower vegetation coverage and lower plant richness than controls; (b) Gramineae had a higher total importance value, which was based on the height, coverage and biomass of each plant species, and composed a higher biomass proportion in the mound edge than in controls (68% vs. 38%), while most of the perennial dicotyledons were restricted to the controls; (c) dicotyledons were the main seed group in the 0–8 cm layer of soilUM (43%), soilME (51%) and soilcontrol (60%), while Gramineae had a significantly higher seed density and percentage of total seeds in the soilUM (16,507 ± 2,882.7 seeds/m3, 28.1%) than in the soilcontrol (4,200 ± 799.5 seeds/m3, 10.2%); and (d) soil in the 0–8 cm layer under the mound had lower water content and lower bulk density than soil on the mound edge and in controls.ConclusionsMound‐building activity of Camponotus herculeanus increased the proportion of Gramineae and decreased the proportion of dicotyledons at the site of the study indicating, that mound building could enhance the transformation of a grass and sedges community to mainly a grass community in the alpine meadow.
The effect of green kiwifruit on gas transit and tolerance in healthy humans
Authors: Caballero Noemi , Benslaiman Bouchra , Ansell Juliet , Serra Jordi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundGreen kiwifruit is a fiber‐rich fruit that has been shown effective for treatment of constipation. However, fermentation of fibers by colonic bacteria may worsen commonly associated gas‐related abdominal symptoms. Aim: To determine the effect of green kiwifruit on transit and tolerance to intestinal gas in humans.MethodsIn 11 healthy individuals, two gas challenge tests were performed (a) after 2 weeks on a low‐flatulogenic diet and daily intake of 2 green kiwifruits and (b) after 2 weeks on a similar diet without intake of kiwifruits. The gas challenge test consisted in continuous infusion of a mixture of gases into the jejunum at 12 mL/min for 2 hours while measuring rectal gas evacuation, abdominal symptoms, and abdominal distension. During the 2 weeks prior to each gas challenge test (on‐kiwifruit and off‐kiwifruit), the number and consistency of stools, and abdominal symptoms were registered.Key ResultsIntake of kiwifruits was associated with more bowel movements per day (1.8 ± 0.1 vs 1.5 ± 0.1 off‐kiwifruit; P = .001) and somewhat looser stools (Bristol score 3.3 ± 0.2 vs 2.8 ± 0.1 off‐kiwifruit; P = .072) without relevant abdominal symptoms. Gas infusion produced similar gas evacuation (1238 ± 254 mL and 1172 ± 290 mL; P = .4355), perception of symptoms (score 1.2 ± 0.2 and 1.3 ± 0.3; P = .2367), and abdominal distension (17 ± 7 mm and 17 ± 6 mm; P = .4704) while on‐kiwifruit or off‐kiwifruit.Conclusions and InferencesIn healthy subjects, green kiwifruit increases stool frequency without relevant effects on intestinal gas transit and tolerance. If confirmed in patients, these fruits may provide a natural and well‐tolerated treatment alternative for constipation.
On Moderate Pluralism About Truth and Logic
Authors: Pedersen Nikolaj Jang Lee Linding 
Published: May 2020

According to moderate truth pluralism, truth is both One and Many. There is a single truth property that applies across all truth‐apt domains of discourse, but instances of this property are grounded in different ways. Propositions concerning medium‐sized dry goods might be true in virtue of corresponding with reality while propositions pertaining to the law might be true in virtue of cohering with the body of law. Moderate truth pluralists must answer two questions concerning logic: (Q1) Which logic governs inferences concerning each truth‐apt domain considered separately? (Q2) Which logic governs inferences that involve several truth‐apt domains? This paper has three objectives. The first objective is to present and explain the moderate pluralist’s answers to (Q1) and (Q2). The second objective is to argue that there is a tension between these answers. The answer to (Q1) involves a commitment to a form of logical pluralism. However, reflection on the moderate truth pluralist’s answer to (Q2) shows that they are committed to taking logic to be topic neutrality. This, in turn, forces a commitment to logical monism. It would seem that the moderate truth pluralist cannot have it both ways. The third objective is constructive in nature. I offer an account of what moderate truth pluralists should say about logic and how they might resolve the tension in their view. I suggest that, just like moderate truth pluralists distinguish truth proper and “quasi‐truth,” they should endorse a distinction between logic proper and “quasi‐logic.” Quasi‐truth is truth‐like in the sense that instances of quasi‐truth ground instances of truth. Quasi‐logic is logic‐like in the sense that it concerns arguments that are necessarily truth‐preserving but are not generally so in a topic neutral way. I suggest that moderate truth pluralists should be monists about truth proper and logic proper but pluralists about quasi‐truth and quasi‐logic. This allows them to say that logic proper is topic neutral while still accommodating the idea that, for different domains, different arguments may be necessarily truth‐preserving.
The expression of opsins in the human skin and its implications for photobiomodulation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Suh Susie , Choi Elliot H. , Atanaskova Mesinkovska Natasha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin is the organ most extensively exposed to light of a broad range of wavelengths. Several studies have reported that skin expresses photoreceptive molecules called opsins. However, the identity and functional role of opsins in the human skin remain elusive. We aim to summarize current scientific evidence on the types of opsins expressed in the skin and their biological functions.MethodsA primary literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify articles on dermal opsins found in nonhuman animals and humans.ResultsTwenty‐two articles, representing, however, a non‐exhaustive selection of the scientific papers published in this specific field, met the inclusion criteria. In nonhuman animals, opsins and opsin‐like structures have been detected in the skin of fruit fly, zebrafish, frog, octopus, sea urchin, hogfish, and mouse, and they mediate skin color change, light avoidance, shadow reflex, and circadian photoentrainment. In humans, opsins are present in various skin cell types, including keratinocytes, melanocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and hair follicle cells. They have been shown to mediate wound healing, melanogenesis, hair growth, and skin photoaging.ConclusionDermal opsins have been identified across many nonhuman animals and humans. Current evidence suggests that opsins have biological significance beyond light reception. In nonhuman animals, opsins are involved in behaviors that are critical for survival. In humans, opsins are involved in various functions of the skin although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Future investigation on elucidating the mechanism of dermal opsins will be crucial to expand the therapeutic benefits of photobiomodulation for various skin disorders.
BrandversusGeneric: Addressing Non-Adherence, Secular Trends and Non-Overlap
Authors: Hunt Lamar , Murimi Irene B. , Segal Jodi B. , Seamans Marissa J. , Scharfstein Daniel O. , Varadhan and Ravi 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWhereas generic drugs offer a cost-effective alternative to brand name drugs, regulators need a method to assess therapeutic equivalence in a post-market setting. We develop such a method in the context of assessing the therapeutic equivalence of immediate release venlafaxine, based on a large insurance claims data set provided by OptumLabs\circledR. To address this question properly, our methodology must deal with issues of non-adherence, secular trends in health outcomes and lack of treatment overlap due to sharp uptake of the generic drug once it becomes available. We define, identify (under assumptions) and estimate (using G-computation) a causal effect for a time-to-event outcome by extending regression discontinuity to survival curves. We do not find evidence for a lack of therapeutic equivalence of brand and generic immediate release venlafaxine.
Genome‐wide analysis of polymorphisms identified domestication‐associated long low‐diversity region carrying important rice grain size/weight quantitative trait loci
Authors: Kumar Angad , Daware Anurag , Kumar Arvind , Kumar Vinay , Gopala Krishnan S , Mondal Subhasish , Patra Bhaskar C. , Singh Ashok K. , Tyagi Akhilesh K. , Parida Swarup K. , Thakur Jitendra K. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryRice grain size and weight are major determinants of grain quality and yield and so have been under rigorous selection since domestication. However, the genetic basis for contrasting grain size/weight trait among Indian germplasms and their association with domestication‐driven evolution is not well understood. In this study, two long (LGG) and two short grain (SGG) genotypes were resequenced. LGG (LGR and PB 1121) differentiated from SGG (Sonasal and Bindli) by 504 439 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 78 166 insertion‐and‐deletion polymorphisms. The LRK gene cluster was different and a truncation mutation in the LRK8 kinase domain was associated with LGG. Phylogeny with 3000 diverse rice accessions revealed that the four sequenced genotypes belonged to the japonica group and were at the edge of the clades indicating them to be the potential source of genetic diversity available in Indian rice germplasm. Six SNPs were significantly associated with grain size/weight and the top four of these could be validated in mapping a population, suggesting this study as a valuable resource for high‐throughput genotyping. A contiguous long low‐diversity region (LDR) of approximately 6 Mb carrying a major grain weight quantitative trait loci (harbouring OsTOR gene) was identified on Chromosome 5. This LDR was identified as an evolutionary important site with significant positive selection and multiple selection sweeps, and showed association with many domestication‐related traits, including grain size/weight. The aus population retained more allelic variations in the LDR than the japonica and indica populations, suggesting it to be one of the divergence loci. All the data and analyses can be accessed from the RiceSzWtBase database.