bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guided plasma jets directed onto wet surfaces: angular dependence and control
Authors: Parsey Guy , Lietz Amanda M , Kushner Mark J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The optimal use of atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) for treatment of surfaces—inorganic, organic and liquid—depends on being able to control the flow of plasma-generated reactive species onto the surface. The typical APPJ is a rare gas mixture (RGM) flowed through a tube to which voltage is applied, producing an RGM plasma plume that extends into the ambient air. The RGM plasma plume is guided by a surrounding shroud of air due to the higher electric field required for an ionization wave (IW) to propagate into the air. The mixing of the ambient air with the RGM plasma plume then determines the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). The APPJ is usually oriented perpendicular to the surface being treated. However, the angle of the APPJ with respect to the surface may be a method to control the production of reactive species to the surface due to the change in APPJ propagation properties and the resulting gas dynamics. In this paper, we discuss results from computational and experimental investigations addressing two points—propagation of IWs in APPJs with and without a guiding gas shroud as a function of angle of the APPJ with respect to the surface; and the use of this angle to control plasma activation of thin water layers. We found that APPJs propagating out of the plasma tube into a same-gas environment lack any of the directional properties of shroud-guided jets, and largely follow electric field lines as the angle of the plasma tube is changed. Guided APPJs propagate coaxially with the tube as the angle is changed, and turn perpendicularly towards the surface only a few mm above the surface. The angle of the APPJ produces different gas dynamic distributions, which enable some degree of control over the content of RONS transferred to thin water layers.
Quantitative analysis of observed signatures in phonon reflection experiment
Authors: Li Jin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For phonons propagating in a crystal at low temperature, we develop a phonon reflection model and an analysis framework to fully understand reflection peaks from underlying physics principles. Our study shows that the specular reflection structure of peaks contains detailed information about properties of the crystal material, and provides a solid quantitative link between phonon theory and experimental signals. For both kinds of experiments that either use crystal as a particle detector or as a target material for study, this analysis provides a novel and essential method to understand the experimental signatures.
Feasibility of dosimetric measurements using Al2O3:C OSL dosimeter during fluoroscopy-guided procedures
Authors: Choi Tae Won , Chung Jin Wook , Cha Bo Kyung , Choi Kwang Nam , Park Sohyeon , Son Jeong Woo , Choi Chang Heon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of dosimetric measurements using Al2O3:C optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters during fluoroscopy-guided procedures. The linearity and energy dependence of Al2O3:C OSL dosimeters were evaluated, and the air kerma rate at the operator’s position was measured. The response of Al2O3:C OSL dosimeters to short, repetitive irradiations was compared to that of long uninterrupted irradiation. The change in response of the Al2O3:C OSL dosimeter under automatic exposure rate control (AERC) was evaluated with the use of various thicknesses of polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) plates (15–30 cm). The Al2O3:C OSL dosimeters could detect 5 µGy and showed good linearity in doses of ≥10 µGy (R2: 0.997–0.999, p < 0.001). The relative response of the Al2O3:C OSL dosimeter normalised to that of 36.8 keV was 0.828–1.101 at the energies investigated (30.6–46.0 keV). The air kerma rate at the operator’s position was estimated to be 2.61–7.17 µGy min−1 depending on the heights representing different body parts. Repetitive short irradiations had no significant impact on the relative response of the Al2O3:C OSL dosimeters (p > 0.05). Despite a high energy dependence on the low energy beam used in fluoroscopy, the change in relative response of the Al2O3:C OSL dosimeter under AERC was within 5.7% depending on the thickness of the PMMA plates. Dosimetric measurement using Al2O3:C OSL dosimeters for patients and operators is feasible. However, one should be cautious about high standard deviations when measuring small doses of ≤20 µGy using Al2O3:C OSL dosimeters. It is essential to perform intensive bleaching before measuring very small doses to minimise pre-irradiation counts.
Variance optimization of UWB observation based on map matching for PPP/INS/UWB tightly coupled positioning
Authors: Li Zengke , Zhao Long , Wang Yifan , Yang Zhehua , Liu Zan , Wang Chengcheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ultra-wideband (UWB) is essential in precise point positioning (PPP)/inertial navigation systems (INS)/UWB integrated navigation with the advantage of highly accurate observations. However, its accuracy could be affected by its sparse distribution, limited operating distance and low space height. In a dynamic environment, it is not easy to determine its variance precisely for an integrated system. Sometimes, the system performs poorly due to improper variance. In this paper, a map-matching variance optimization of UWB observation was firstly developed for tightly coupled positioning. Instead of the characteristic analysis of the UWB signal directly, the optimization can be realized based on the accuracy of PPP/INS solutions. The proposed map-matching algorithm can be adopted to access the accuracy of PPP/INS and determine the optimization factor so that the variance of UWB can be dynamically obtained. Then, the variance was adopted in the stochastic model of the PPP/INS/UWB system. The actual experiments were conducted to validate the proposed method under two different scenarios, and the effectiveness of this method was analysed. The results indicated that the proposed method could obtain suitable variance and improve the performance in both these two scenarios.
A single difference-based multi-GNSS inter-system model with consideration of inter-frequency bias and inter-system bias
Authors: Shang Rui , Gao Chengfa , Gao Wang , Zhang Ruicheng , Peng Zihan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
By calibrating the inter-system bias (ISB), an inter-system model can be achieved to improve the performance of multi-global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning. A number of studies were carried out to compose inter-system models among code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. However, due to the frequency division multiple access (FDMA) technique, GLONASS phase and code observations suffer from inter-frequency phase bias (IFPB) and inter-frequency code bias (IFCB) respectively, which make it difficult to obtain the ISB among GLONASS and CDMA systems. In addition, most of the current inter-system models are unable to handle mixed frequencies. A new single difference-based uniform inter-system model suitable for all of the CDMA and FDMA frequency combinations is proposed in this study. We first utilize a particle filter approach to extract the IFPB rate. Afterwards, the multi-ISB parameters can be estimated by the proposed model simultaneously. Four short baselines containing the signals of GLONASS, GPS, BDS3, BDS2, Galileo, and QZSS are selected to validate the model. The quantitative results indicate that the IFPB rate can be extracted precisely by a particle filter within ten epochs. The inter-system phase bias valuations are sufficiently stable on a daily scale and have standard deviation near 0.01 cycles. After de-weighting the GLONASS code observations to reduce the influence of IFCB, the inter-system code bias is also stable. Furthermore, imposing the stable ISB on the multi-GNSS inter-system model can effectively improve the single-frequency real-time kinematic positioning accuracy and reliability for severely obstructed situations with only a small number of satellites observed.
The adhesion of a mica nanolayer on a single-layer graphene supported by SiO2 substrate characterised in air
Authors: Yu Bowen , Hou Lizhen , Wang Shiliang , Huang Han 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional nanolayers have found increasingly widespread applications in modern flexible electronic devices. Their adhesion with neighbouring layers can significantly affect the mechanical stability and the reliability of those devices. However, the measurement of such adhesion has been a great challenge. In this work, we develop a new and simple methodology to measure the interfacial adhesion between a mica nanolayer (MNL) and a single-layer graphene (SLG) supported by a SiO2 substrate. The method is based on the well-known Obreimoff method but integrated with innovative nanomanipulation and profile measuring approaches. Our study shows that the adhesion energy of MNLs on the SLG/SiO2 substrate system is considerably lower than that on the SiO2 substrate alone. Quantitative analyses reveal that the wrinkles formed on the SLG can considerably lower the adhesion. This outcome is of technological value as the adhesion maybe tailored by controlling the wrinkle formation in the graphene layer in a flexible electronic device.
Linear relations for Laurent polynomials and lattice equations
Authors: Hone Andrew N W , Pallister Joe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA recurrence relation is said to have the Laurent property if all of its iterates are Laurent polynomials in the initial values with integer coefficients. Recurrences with this property appear in diverse areas of mathematics and physics, ranging from Lie theory and supersymmetric gauge theories to Teichmüller theory and dimer models. In many cases where such recurrences appear, there is a common structural thread running between these different areas, in the form of Fomin and Zelevinsky’s theory of cluster algebras. Laurent phenomenon algebras, as defined by Lam and Pylyavskyy, are an extension of cluster algebras, and share with them the feature that all the generators of the algebra are Laurent polynomials in any initial set of generators (seed). Here we consider a family of nonlinear recurrences with the Laurent property, referred to as ‘Little Pi’, which was derived by Almanet alvia a construction of periodic seeds in Laurent phenomenon algebras, and generalizes the Heideman–Hogan family of recurrences. Each member of the family is shown to be linearizable, in the sense that the iterates satisfy linear recurrence relations with constant coefficients. We derive the latter from linear relations with periodic coefficients, which were found recently by Kamiyaet alfrom travelling wave reductions of a linearizable lattice equation on a six-point stencil. By making use of the periodic coefficients, we further show that the birational maps corresponding to the Little Pi family are maximally superintegrable. We also introduce another linearizable lattice equation on the same six-point stencil, and present the corresponding linearization for its travelling wave reductions. Finally, for both of the six-point lattice equations considered, we use the formalism of van der Kamp to construct a broad class of initial value problems with the Laurent property.
Optomechanical cooling by STIRAP-assisted energy transfer: an alternative route towards the mechanical ground state
Authors: Sarma Bijita , Busch Thomas , Twamley Jason 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Standard optomechanical cooling methods ideally require weak coupling and cavity damping rates which enable the motional sidebands to be well resolved. If the coupling is too large then sideband-resolved cooling is unstable or the rotating wave approximation can become invalid. In this work we describe a protocol to cool a mechanical resonator coupled to a driven optical mode in an optomechanical cavity, which is also coupled to an optical mode in another auxiliary optical cavity, and both the cavities are frequency-modulated. We show that by modulating the amplitude of the drive as well, one can execute a type of STIRAP transfer of occupation from the mechanical mode to the lossy auxiliary optical mode which results in cooling of the mechanical mode. We show how this protocol can outperform normal optomechanical sideband cooling in various regimes such as the strong coupling and the unresolved sideband limit.
Numerical simulation of the coupled viscous Burgers equation using the Hermite formula and cubic B-spline basis functions
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Yaseen Muhammad , de la Sen Manuel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A numerical procedure dependent on the cubic B-spline and the Hermite formula is developed for the coupled viscous Burgers’ equation (CVBE). The method uses a combination of the Hermite formula and the cubic B-spline for discretization of the space dimension while the time dimension is approximated using the typical finite differences. A piecewise continuous sufficiently smooth function is obtained as a solution which allows to approximate solution at any location in the domain of interest. The scheme is tested for stability analysis and is proved to be unconditionally stable. Numerical experiments and comparison of outcomes reveal that the suggested scheme comes up with better accuracy and is extremely productive.
On the role of the hydrogen concentration in the L-H transition power threshold in EAST
Authors: Shao L.M. , Xu G.S. , Yu Y.W. , Zhang L. , Chen L. , Chen Y.J. , Duan Y.M. , Gao W. , He L. , Hu J.S. , Li Y.Y. , Qian J.P. , Wang Y.M. , Wu X.Q. , Xu W. , Yan N. , Zhou T.F. , Zuo G.Z. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A decrease in the L-H transition power threshold

P

L-H

under the lithium wall conditioning has been observed since 2010 in EAST. The physical mechanism responsible for the reduced

P

L-H

is found to be related to three phases of wall recycling as determined by the accumulation of lithium in the vessel. In phase I (a few rounds of wall conditioning) the wall recycling is low, while no clear variation of L-H transition power threshold is observed. In phase II (after another few rounds of wall conditioning) a clear increase in the wall recycling is observed, leading to decreased L-H transition power threshold. In phase III the wall recycling is higher and the hydrogen concentration

n

H

/

(

n

H

+

n

D

)

is lower compared to phases I and II. In this third phase the L-H transition power threshold is mainly reduced by the decreased

n

H

/

(

n

H

+

n

D

)

. During phase III of the wall recycling, the quantitative relationship between the hydrogen content and normalized L-H transition power threshold

P

L-H

/

P

s
c
a
l
e

is studied for campaigns in 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2016. Data scaling reveals that

P

L
−
H

/

P

s
c
a
l
e

=
(
−
1.513
±
0.135
)
×

e

(
−
6.989
±
0.362
)
×

n

H

/

(

n

H

+

n

D

)

+
(
1.698
±
0.050
)

in the hydrogen concentration range of 3–45%, i.e.

P

L-H

/

P

s
c
a
l
e

increases significantly for

3
%
<

n

H

/

(

n

H

+

n

D

)
<
20
%

, while it increases mildly for

20
%
<

n

H

/

(

n

H

+

n

D

)
<
45
%

.
Interregional Transfers for Pandemic Surges
Authors: Michelson Kenneth A , Rees Chris A , Sarathy Jayshree , VonAchen Paige , Wornow Michael , Monuteaux Michael C , Neuman Mark I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Hospital inpatient and intensive care unit (ICU) bed shortfalls may arise due to regional surges in volume. We sought to determine how interregional transfers could alleviate bed shortfalls during a pandemic.

Methods
We used estimates of past and projected inpatient and ICU cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from 4 February 2020 to 1 October 2020. For regions with bed shortfalls (where the number of patients exceeded bed capacity), transfers to the nearest region with unused beds were simulated using an algorithm that minimized total interregional transfer distances across the United States. Model scenarios used a range of predicted COVID-19 volumes (lower, mean, and upper bounds) and non–COVID-19 volumes (20%, 50%, or 80% of baseline hospital volumes). Scenarios were created for each day of data, and worst-case scenarios were created treating all regions’ peak volumes as simultaneous. Mean per-patient transfer distances were calculated by scenario.

Results
For the worst-case scenarios, national bed shortfalls ranged from 669 to 58 562 inpatient beds and 3208 to 31 190 ICU beds, depending on model volume parameters. Mean transfer distances to alleviate daily bed shortfalls ranged from 23 to 352 miles for inpatient and 28 to 423 miles for ICU patients, depending on volume. Under all worst-case scenarios except the highest-volume ICU scenario, interregional transfers could fully resolve bed shortfalls. To do so, mean transfer distances would be 24 to 405 miles for inpatients and 73 to 476 miles for ICU patients.

Conclusions
Interregional transfers could mitigate regional bed shortfalls during pandemic hospital surges.
Usefulness of left atrial strain for predicting incident atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke in the general population
Authors: Alhakak Alia Saed , Biering-Sørensen Sofie Reumert , Møgelvang Rasmus , Modin Daniel , Jensen Gorm Boje , Schnohr Peter , Iversen Allan Zeeberg , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Jespersen Thomas , Gislason Gunnar , Biering-Sørensen Tor 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
Left atrial enlargement predicts incident atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the prognostic value of peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) for predicting incident AF in participants from the general population is currently unknown. Our aim was to investigate if PALS can be used to predict AF and ischaemic stroke in the general population.

Methods and results
A total of 400 participants from the general population underwent a health examination, including two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography of the left atrium. The primary endpoint was incident AF at follow-up. All participants with known AF and prior stroke at baseline were excluded (n = 54). The secondary endpoint consisted of the composite of AF and ischaemic stroke. During a median follow-up of 16 years, 36 participants (9%) were diagnosed with incident AF and 30 (7%) experienced an ischaemic stroke, resulting in 66 (16%) experiencing the composite outcome. PALS was a univariable predictor of AF [per 5% decrease: hazard ratio (HR) 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.19–1.69), P &lt; 0.001]. However, the prognostic value of PALS was modified by age (P = 0.002 for interaction). After multivariable adjustment PALS predicted AF in participants aged &lt;65 years [per 5% decrease: HR 1.46; 95% CI (1.06–2.02), P = 0.021]. In contrast, PALS did not predict AF in participants aged ≥65 years after multivariable adjustment [per 5% decrease: HR 1.05; 95% CI (0.81–1.35), P = 0.72]. PALS also predicted the secondary endpoint in participants aged &lt;65 years and the association remained significant after multivariable adjustment.

Conclusion
In a low-risk general population, PALS provides novel prognostic information on the long-term risk of AF and ischaemic stroke in participants aged &lt;65 years.
Disease-associated GRIN protein truncating variants trigger NMDA receptor loss-of-function
Authors: Santos-Gómez Ana , Miguez-Cabello Federico , García-Recio Adrián , Locubiche-Serra Sílvia , García-Díaz Roberto , Soto-Insuga Víctor , Guerrero-López Rosa , Juliá-Palacios Natalia , Ciruela Francisco , García-Cazorla Àngels , Soto David , Olivella Mireia , Altafaj Xavier 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
De novo GRIN variants, encoding for the ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor subunits, have been recently associated with GRIN-related disorders, a group of rare paediatric encephalopathies. Current investigational and clinical efforts are focused to functionally stratify GRIN variants, towards precision therapies of this primary disturbance of glutamatergic transmission that affects neuronal function and brain. In the present study, we aimed to comprehensively delineate the functional outcomes and clinical phenotypes of GRIN protein truncating variants (PTVs)—accounting for ~20% of disease-associated GRIN variants—hypothetically provoking NMDAR hypofunctionality. To tackle this question, we created a comprehensive GRIN PTVs variants database compiling a cohort of nine individuals harbouring GRIN PTVs, together with previously identified variants, to build-up an extensive GRIN PTVs repertoire composed of 293 unique variants. Genotype–phenotype correlation studies were conducted, followed by cell-based assays of selected paradigmatic GRIN PTVs and their functional annotation. Genetic and clinical phenotypes meta-analysis revealed that heterozygous GRIN1, GRIN2C, GRIN2D, GRIN3A and GRIN3B PTVs are non-pathogenic. In contrast, heterozygous GRIN2A and GRIN2B PTVs are associated with specific neurological clinical phenotypes in a subunit- and domain-dependent manner. Mechanistically, cell-based assays showed that paradigmatic pathogenic GRIN2A and GRIN2B PTVs result on a decrease of NMDAR surface expression and NMDAR-mediated currents, ultimately leading to NMDAR functional haploinsufficiency. Overall, these findings contribute to delineate GRIN PTVs genotype–phenotype association and GRIN variants stratification. Functional studies showed that GRIN2A and GRIN2B pathogenic PTVs trigger NMDAR hypofunctionality, and thus accelerate therapeutic decisions for this neurodevelopmental condition.
AG Hogan advises CJEU to rule that disclosure of evidence in court proceedings is not a communication to the public
Authors: Malovic Nedim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Opinion of Advocate General Hogan in Case C-637/19 BY v CX, EU:C:2020:650, 3 September 2020
In his Opinion on 3 September 2020, Advocate General (AG) Hogan advised the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) to rule that the electronic transmission by a party to proceedings of protected materials as evidence to a court does neither constitute a communication nor a distribution to the public under, respectively, Articles 3(1) and 4(1) of Directive 2001/29 (the InfoSoc Directive).
Telescope performance real-time monitoring based on machine learning
Authors: Hu Tian Z , Zhang Yong , Cui Xiang Q , Zhang Qing Y , Li Ye P , Cao Zi H , Pan Xiu S , Fu Ying 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
In astronomy, the demand for high-resolution imaging and high-efficiency observation requires telescopes that are maintained at peak performance. To improve telescope performance, it is useful to conduct real-time monitoring of the telescope status and detailed recordings of the operational data of the telescope. In this paper, we provide a method based on machine learning to monitor the telescope performance in real-time. First, we use picture features and the random forest algorithm to select normal pictures captured by the acquisition camera or science camera. Next, we cut out the source image of the picture and use convolutional neural networks to recognize star shapes. Finally, we monitor the telescope performance based on the relationship between the source image shape and telescope performance. Through this method, we achieve high-performance real-time monitoring with the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope, including guiding system performance, focal surface defocus, submirror performance, and active optics system performance. The ultimate performance detection accuracy can reach up to 96.7 per cent.