bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding relatives’ experience of death rattle
Authors: van Esch Harriëtte J. , Lokker Martine E. , Rietjens Judith , van Zuylen Lia , van der Rijt Carin C. D. , van der Heide Agnes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeath rattle is a frequently occurring symptom in the last phase of life. The experience of death rattle of relatives has been found to vary. It is unclear if treatment with medication is useful. The most fitting solution for this symptom is still under debate.AimThis study aims to better understand the experience of relatives of their loved ones’ death rattle.DesignA qualitative interview study with a phenomenological approach was performed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews which were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.ParticipantsNineteen family members of 15 patients were interviewed.ResultsMost relatives had experienced death rattle as a distressing symptom. Concerns about how long the rattling would last resulted in more distress. Experience of death rattle was less fierce when other symptoms such as pain or dyspnea prevailed. Hearing the sound of death rattle sometimes reminded relatives of previously witnessed dying trajectories, which seemed to increase their current level of distress. The experience of death rattle is not always influenced by the amount and quality of information given about the symptom.ConclusionDeath rattle is a stressful symptom and the experience of relatives is influenced by more factors than the sound itself. Communication and information alone seem inefficient to address relatives’ distress. The best approach for dealing with this symptom is unclear. Further research needs to show if prophylactically given drugs may be helpful in its prevention.
Uncovering hidden jewels: an investigation of the pictorial layers of an 18th-century Taskin harpsichord
Authors: Cortea Ioana Maria , Ghervase Luminița , Ratoiu Lucian , Dinu Monica , Rădvan Roxana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Peleș National Museum in Sinaia, Romania, includes within its collection of musical instruments a unique harpsichord of the Taskin workshop. The instrument is representative of the eighteenth century French harpsichords, finished in 1772 by Taskin Pascal, a master instrument-maker of his time. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive diagnostic investigation carried out on the exterior decoration of the harpsichord, by means of multiple non-invasive and micro-invasive analytical techniques: multispectral imaging, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and optical microscopy (OM). Imaging investigation highlighted various past interventions and restorations—fillings, consolidation and chromatic reintegration of the paint layer, as well as some interesting details related to the preparatory layer and on the painting technique. Results of the elemental analysis indicated that a rich color palette was used for the luxurious decorations: vermilion for most of the red areas, lead white, a copper-based pigment for the blue and violet hues, along with Prussian blue, chromium oxides for the green tones and possibly emerald green, and iron oxides for the red, yellow and ochre tones. FTIR analysis highlighted the existence of two-layers ground based on the first layer of chalk and animal glue, covered by a second oil-bound layer of lead white. Metal soaps, gypsum, barium sulfate as well as an intermediate sizing layer based on shellac were also identified. Examination of samples’ cross-sections revealed a rich stratigraphy, up to ten layers being highlighted for samples taken from the case sides’ painting. The presence of two gold foils on the gilded areas, one at the top and the other within the intermediate layers, provides clear evidence of later interventions. The corroborated results offer valuable physico-chemical insights on the complex history of this prestigious harpsichord with remarkable aesthetic and historical value, as well as key information for its most suitable restoration approach.
Impact of statewide safe sleep legislation on hospital practices and rates of sudden unexpected infant deaths
Authors: Bechtel Kirsten , Gawel Marcie , Vincent Gregory A. , Violano Pina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) is the leading cause of death in the post-neonatal period in the United States. In 2015, Connecticut (CT) passed legislation to reduce the number of SUIDs from hazardous sleep environments requiring birthing hospitals/centers provide anticipatory guidance on safe sleep to newborn caregivers before discharge. The objective of our study was to understand the barriers and facilitators for compliance with the safe sleep legislation by birthing hospitals and to determine the effect of this legislation on SUIDs associated with unsafe sleep environments.

Methods
We surveyed the directors and/or educators of the 27 birthing hospitals & one birthing center in CT, about the following: 1) methods of anticipatory guidance given to parents at newborn hospital discharge; 2) knowledge about the legislation; and 3) barriers and facilitators to complying with the law. We used a voluntary online, anonymous survey. In addition, we evaluated the proportion of SUID cases presented at the CT Child Fatality Review Panel as a result of unsafe sleep environments before (2011–2015) and after implementation of the legislation (2016–2018). Chi-Square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to evaluate the proportion of deaths due to Positional Asphyxia/Accident occurring before and after legislation implementation.

Results
All 27 birthing hospitals and the one birthing center in CT responded to the request for the method of anticipatory guidance provided to caregivers. All hospitals reported providing anticipatory guidance; the birthing center did not provide any anticipatory guidance. The materials provided by 26/27 (96%) of hospitals was consistent with the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Guidelines. There was no significant change in rates of SUID in CT before (58.86/100,000) and after (55.92/100,000) the passage of the legislation (p = 0.78). However, more infants died from positional asphyxia after (20, 27.0%) than before the enactment of the law (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Despite most CT hospitals providing caregivers with anticipatory guidance on safe sleep at newborn hospital discharge, SUIDs rates associated with positional asphyxia increased in CT after the passage of the legislation. The role of legislation for reducing the number of SUIDs from hazardous sleep environments should be reconsidered.
Chemical profiling of volatile organic compounds from shoe odour for personal identification
Authors: Mohd Kamal Muhammad Hafizuddin , Zakaria Yusmazura , Md Isa Muhammad Lokman , Nik Hassan Nik Fakhuruddin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Body odour of an individual has a unique composition due to the combined influences of genetic, dietary, and environmental factors. This exploratory study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of obtaining unique chemical signatures of individuals from the shoe odour as a human chemical fingerprint for forensic identification.

Methods
Five adult males and five adult females participated in this study and provided with two pairs of new canvas sports shoes. The participants were asked to do strenuous activities while wearing the shoes for 2 weeks. Two different extraction methods: swabbing technique, followed with direct extraction using different solvents, and air passive sampling technique, were compared for the effectiveness to extract the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the shoes. The variations of VOCs were investigated using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID), and the resultant chromatogram profiles collected from the shoe odour were further studied for individual identification purposes. In addition, principal component-discriminant analyses (PCA-DA) were then carried out on the GC dataset.

Results
This study demonstrated that air passive sampling technique using methanol as the extraction solvent was effective for the detection of shoe odour. PCA-DA had successfully distinguished GC profile patterns and discriminated the shoe odour samples accordingly to their owners. The accuracy of DA for classification was 100%, with all samples were classified correctly to their groups.

Conclusion
The chemical compounds of shoe odour have the potential to be utilised to aid the forensic investigation by identifying and narrowing down the possible suspect if shoes were recovered as evidence at the crime scene.
Systemic sclerosis: correlation between lung abnormalities on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
Authors: Ibrahim Iman Mohamed Hamdy , Gamal Sherif Mohamed , Salama Adham Mamdouh , Khairy Mostafa Ahmed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease that affects multiple systems and causes fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. There are two ways in which the lungs can be involved in patients with systemic sclerosis, either isolated pulmonary hypertension or interstitial lung fibrosis. The purpose of this study is to correlate the high resolution CT findings with pulmonary function tests in patients with systemic sclerosis to evaluate the severity of lung changes.

Results
Significant inverse correlations were found between the maximal extent radiological score, maximal severity radiological score as well as total (global) radiological score on one hand and the pulmonary function tests on the other hand

Conclusion
The combination of high resolution CT and pulmonary function tests are recommended for better assessment of the extent and severity of systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease.
Seismic prediction of soil distribution for the Chang-Bin offshore wind farm in the Taiwan Strait
Authors: Han Wei-Chung , Lu Yi-Wei , Lo Sheng-Chung 
Published: June 2020

Direct soil measurements are limited to borehole locations and are therefore sparse in the oceans. To effectively characterize the soil distributions for the Chang-Bin offshore wind farm, which is an area with the greatest wind energy potential in the Taiwan Strait, we have developed a workflow to predict the soil distribution in the subsurface based on integrated analysis of seismic data and borehole data. First, we characterize the key seismic units and their seismic response in order to understand the regional stratigraphy. Then, we correlate the soil types to each stratigraphic unit as the constraint for the input and quality control to train a neural network based on seismic multiattribute analysis. Finally, we develop a neural network that is suitable for soil prediction in the Chang-Bin offshore wind farm. Five seismic units identified from the seismic profiles reveal that the regional stratigraphy has been greatly affected by sea-level change and the sediment transportation process. Confirmed by independent in situ borehole data, the neural network is considered reliable up to 60 m below the seafloor, whereas decreased signal-to-noise ratios at greater depths lead to poorer prediction accuracy. Compared to previous studies that mainly are based on high-quality 3D seismic and well logging data, our method can predict the soil distribution by analyzing 2D seismic profiles and simplified soil layers alone. The prediction results reveal detailed lithologic variations that are tested by in situ borehole measurements. Therefore, we are confident that this approach could effectively obtain the soil distribution prediction and thus reduce the costs in offshore engineering applications.
International Rare Cancers Initiative Multicenter Randomized Phase II Trial of Cisplatin and Fluorouracil Versus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Advanced Anal Cancer: InterAAct
Authors: Rao Sheela , Sclafani Francesco , Eng Cathy , Adams Richard A. , Guren Marianne G. , Sebag-Montefiore David , Benson Al , Bryant Annette , Peckitt Clare , Segelov Eva , Roy Amitesh , Seymour Matt T. , Welch Jack , Saunders Mark P. , Muirhead Rebecca , O’Dwyer Peter , Bridgewater John , Bhide Shree , Glynne-Jones Rob , Arnold Dirk , Cunningham David 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE To compare cisplatin plus fluorouracil (FU) versus carboplatin plus paclitaxel in chemotherapy-naïve advanced anal cancer to establish the optimal regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who had not received systemic therapy for advanced anal cancer were randomly assigned 1:1 to intravenous cisplatin 60 mg/m2 (day 1) plus FU 1,000 mg/m2 (days 1-4) every 21 days or carboplatin (area under the curve, 5; day 1) plus paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, and 15) every 28 days for 24 weeks, until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. Primary end point was objective response rate (ORR). Primary and secondary end points were assessed in a hierarchic model to compare the regimens and pick the winner. RESULTS We conducted an international multicenter randomized phase II study in 60 centers between December 2013 and November 2017. Median follow-up was 28.6 months. A total of 91 patients were randomly assigned: 46 to cisplatin plus FU and 45 to carboplatin plus paclitaxel. ORR was 57% (95% CI, 39.4% to 73.7%) for cisplatin plus FU versus 59% (95% CI, 42.1% to 74.4%) for carboplatin plus paclitaxel. More serious adverse events were noted in the cisplatin plus FU arm (62%) compared with the carboplatin plus paclitaxel arm (36%; P = .016). Median progression-free survival was 5.7 months (95% CI, 3.3 to 9.0 months) for cisplatin plus FU compared with 8.1 months (95% CI, 6.6 to 8.8 months) for carboplatin plus paclitaxel. Median overall survival was 12.3 months for cisplatin plus FU (95% CI, 9.2 to 17.7 months) compared with 20 months (95% CI, 12.7 months to not reached) for carboplatin plus paclitaxel (hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.15 to 3.47; P = .014). CONCLUSION This is the first international randomized trial to our knowledge conducted in chemotherapy-naïve advanced anal cancer. Although there was no difference in ORR, the association with clinically relevant reduced toxicity and a trend toward longer survival suggest that carboplatin plus paclitaxel should be considered as a new standard of care.
Water-Soluble Red-Fluorescent Dyes for Two-Photon Deep-Tissue Imaging
Authors: Onishi Shozo , Suzuki Yasutaka , Ano Hikari , Kawamata Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To realize in vivo deep two-photon fluorescence microscopy (TPFM), a probe is required that can undergo two-photon excitation and emit in the optical window of tissues (650–1100 nm). In addition, the probe should have high water solubility to avoid harmful organic solvents. 2,5-Dimethoxy-1,4-bis{1-[2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl]-4-(1,3-butadien-1-yl)pyrinium}benzene iodide (MPBBI-PEG) was designed to meet all these criteria. Its water solubility is 10−4 mol dm−3, which is sufficient to stain biomaterials without organic solvents. The two-photon absorption (TPA) maximum is 960 nm with a cross section of 638 GM (1 GM = 1 × 10−50 cm4 per photon per molecule), and the fluorescence emission maximum is 663 nm. Distinct two-photon microscope images of HEK293 cells stained with aqueous MPBBI-PEG were obtained with less than 2 mW excitation. Thus, MPBBI-PEG is especially suitable for non-invasive TPFM imaging of deep tissues.
Examination of a new mobile intermittent pneumatic compression device in healthy adults
Authors: Chohan Ambreen , Abram Simon , Parkes Amy , Haworth Lauren , Whitaker Justine C. 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) is an alternative method of compression treatment designed to compress the leg and mimic ambulatory pump action to actively promote venous return. This study explores the efficacy of a new portable IPC device on tissue oxygenation (StO2) in two sitting positions. Method: In this quantitative, healthy single cohort study, participants were screened and recruited using Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q, Canada). Participants attended two separate one-hour sessions to evaluate StO2 in an upright chair-sitting position and in a long-sitting position. StO2 was recorded for 20 minutes before, during and after a 20-minute intervention of the IPC device (Venapro, DJO Global, US). Results: A total of 29 healthy volunteers took part in the study. A significant difference was seen between the two seating positions (p=0.003) with long-sitting showing a 12% higher StO2 level than chair-sitting post-intervention. A similar effect was seen in both sitting positions when analysing data over three timepoints (p=0.000). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that significant improvements in StO2 (p≤0.000) were seen from baseline, throughout the intervention, continuing up to 15 minutes post-intervention, indicating a continued effect of the device after a short intervention. Conclusion: Increasing StO2 through short intervention sessions with this portable device has potential for use within various health and sports-based practices, improving tissue health, potentially reducing postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) risk or inflammation. Such devices lend themselves to wide self-management implementation.
<p><strong>A new species of melolonthine chafer in the endemic Californian genus <em>Dinacoma </em>Casey<em> </em>(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)</strong></p>
Authors: GILLETT CONRAD P.D.T. , OSBORNE KENDALL H. , REIL J. BRADLEY , RUBINOFF DANIEL 
Published: June 2020

We describe Dinacoma sanfelipe sp. nov. from southern California, the first new species belonging to the melolonthine scarab beetle genus Dinacoma Casey, 1889 (Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Melolonthini) to be described in 90 years, based upon examination of 141 specimens of that genus. Diagnostic comments, a dichotomous key, photographs of all species of Dinacoma, and a distribution map are presented to facilitate the identification of adult male specimens. One species in the genus is federally listed under the United States Endangered Species act, and all known species may be of conservation concern. Key words: Scarabaeoidea, Melolonthini, scarab beetle, insect conservation, cryptic species
Linearly excited indium fluorescence imaging for temporally resolved high-precision flame thermometry
Authors: Fang Bolang , Luan Kunpeng , Ye Jinfeng , Zhang Zhenrong , Li Guohua , Wang Sheng , Tao Bo , Shao Jun , Cai Weiwei , Hu Zhiyun 
Published: June 2020

Two-line atomic fluorescence (TLAF) is a promising technique for two-dimensional (2D) flame thermometry. However, it suffers either from a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when excited in the linear regime or a quenching effect and nonlinear behavior in the nonlinear regime. This work aims to develop a new TLAF modality, which can overcome the aforementioned limitations based on a specifically designed laser source that can generate long pulses (

∼

400

n
s

) with a moderate energy of

∼

0.9

µ

J

and operate at a repetition rate up to

∼

22

k
H
z

. A proof-of-concept experiment was conducted and linearly excited fluorescence images with an SNR up to

∼

14

were obtained within 1 ms acquisition time by synchronizing the laser with the microchannel plate (MCP) of a 10 Hz-rate intensified camera. The SNR achieved was comparable to that of a traditional nonlinear TLAF implementation and superior to a conventional linear TLAF approach. This approach offers a novel solution for recording linearly excited indium fluorescence images and is expected to make TLAF a temporally resolved and high-precision 2D thermometry for the first time.
Ultrafast 1  MHz vacuum-ultraviolet source via highly cascaded harmonic generation in negative-curvature hollow-core fibers
Authors: Couch David E. , Hickstein Daniel D. , Winters David G. , Backus Sterling J. , Kirchner Matthew S. , Domingue Scott R. , Ramirez Jessica J. , Durfee Charles G. , Murnane Margaret M. , Kapteyn Henry C. 
Published: June 2020

Vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) light is critical for the study of molecules and materials, but the generation of femtosecond pulses in the VUV region at high repetition rates has proven difficult. Here we demonstrate the efficient generation of VUV light at megahertz repetition rates using highly cascaded four-wave mixing processes in a negative-curvature hollow-core fiber. Both even- and odd-order harmonics are generated up to the 15th harmonic (69 nm, 18.0 eV), with high energy resolution of∼40meV. In contrast to direct high harmonic generation, this highly cascaded harmonic generation process requires lower peak intensity and therefore can operate at higher repetition rates, driven by a robust∼10Wfiber-laser system in a compact setup. Additionally, we present numerical simulations that explore the fundamental capabilities and spatiotemporal dynamics of highly cascaded harmonic generation. This VUV source can enhance the capabilities of spectroscopies of molecular and quantum materials, such as photoionization mass spectrometry and time-, angle-, and spin-resolved photoemission.
Laser-driven self-exfoliation of graphene oxide layers on a fiber facet for Q switching of an Er-doped fiber laser at the longest wavelength
Authors: Kim Byungjoo , Hong Seongjin , Park Jaedeok , Lee Yongsoo , Yeom Dong-il , Oh Kyunghwan 
Published: June 2020

A new method to make an all-fiber nonlinear optic device for laser pulse generation is developed by depositing multi-layer graphene oxide (GO) selectively onto the core of the cleaved fiber facet by combining the electrical arc discharge and the laser-driven self-exfoliation. Using the GO colloid droplet with sub-nanoliter volume, we obtained a GO bulk layer deposited on a fiber facet of the order of milliseconds by using an electric arc. The prepared fiber facet was then included in an Er-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity and we obtained a few layers of GO having nonlinear optic two-dimensional (2D) characteristics selectively on the fiber core by the laser-driven self-exfoliation. The 2D GO layers on the fiber core served as a stable and efficient saturable absorber enabling robust pulse train generation at

λ
=
1600.5

nm

, the longest

Q

-switched laser wavelength in EDFLs. Pulse characteristics were analyzed as we varied the pump power at

λ
=
980

nm

from 105.2 mW to 193.6 mW, to obtain the maximum repetition rate of 17.8 kHz and the maximum output power of 2.3 mW with the minimum pulse duration of 7.8 μs. The proposed method could be further applied to other novel inorganic 2D materials opening a window to explore their novel nonlinear optic laser applications.