bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diacritic segmentation technique for arabic handwritten using region-based
Authors: Shiekh Ahmed Abdalla , Azmi Mohd Sanusi , Aziz Maslita Abd , Al-Mhiqani Mohammed Nasser , Bafjaish Salem Saleh 
Published: February 2020

Arabic is a broadly utilized alphabetic composition framework on the planet, and it has 28 essential letters. The letters in order was first used to compose messages in Arabic, most prominently the Qur'an the holy book of Islam. However, Arabic language has diacritics in the word or letters which are not something extra or discretionary to the language, rather they are a vital piece of it. By changing some diacritics may change both the syntax and semantics of a word by turning a word into another. However, the current researches address the foreground image and consider the diacritics as noises or secondary images. Thus, it is not suitable for Arabic handwritten. The diacritics will be removed from the image and this will lead to losing some good features. Furthermore, to extract the diacritics, the region-based segmentation technique is used. The image will be measured based on the region properties by first finding the connected component in binary image, and then we will determine the best area range measurement in that region for each image. The proposed technique region based has been tested in nine different images with different handwritten style, and successfully extracted secondary foreground images (diacritics) for each image.
A new hand gestures recognition system
Authors: Hamed AlSaedi Ahmed Kadem , AlAsadi Abbas H. Hassin 
Published: February 2020

<p>Talking about gestures makes us return to the historical beginning of human communication, because, in fact, there is no language completely free of gestures. People cannot communicate without gestures. Any action or movement without gestures is free of real feelings and cannot express the thoughts. The purpose from any hand gestures recognition system is to recognizes the hand gesture and used it to transfer a certain meaning or for computer control or and device. Our paper introduced a low cost system to recognize the hand gesture in real-time. Generally, the system divided into five steps, one to image acquisition, second to pre-processing the image, third for detection and segmentation of hand region, four to features extraction and five to count the numbers of fingers and gestures recognition. The system has coded by Python language, PyAutoGUI library, OS Module of Python and the OpenCV library.</p>
A new modification nonlinear conjugate gradient method with strong wolf-powell line search
Authors: Ahmed Chergui , Tahar Bouali 
Published: February 2020

<span>The conjugate gradient method has played a special role in solving large-scale unconstrained Optimization problems. In this paper, we propose a new family of CG coefficients that possess sufficient descent conditions and global convergence properties this CG method is similar to (Wei et al) [7]. Global convergence result is established under Strong Wolf-Powell line search. Numerical results to find the optimum solution of some test functions show the new proposed formula has the best result in CPU time and the number of iterations, and the number of gradient evaluations when it comparing with FR, PRP, DY, and WYL </span>
Identification of language in a cross linguistic environment
Authors: Thomas Merin , C A Dr Latha , Puthussery Antony 
Published: February 2020

<p class="normal">World has become very small due to software internationationalism. Applications of machine translations are increasing day by day. Using multiple languages in the social media text is an developing trend. .Availability of fonts in the native language enhanced the usage of native text in internet communications. Usage of transliterations of language has become quite common. In Indian scenario current generations are familiar to talk in native language but not to read and write in the native language, hence they started using English representation of native language in textual messages. This paper describes the identification of the transliterated text in cross lingual environment .In this paper a Neural network model identifies the prominent language in the text and hence the same can be used to identify the meaning of the text in the concerned language. The model is based upon Recurrent Neural Networks that found to be the most efficient in machine translations. Language identification can serve as a base for many applications in multi linguistic environment. Currently the South Indian Languages Malayalam, Tamil are identified from given text. An algorithmic approach of Stop words based model is depicted in this paper. Model can be also enhanced to address all the Indian Languages that are in use.</p>
New symmetric key cipher capable of digraph to single letter conversion utilizing binary system
Authors: Kako Najdavan Abduljawad , Sadeeq Haval Tariq , Abrahim Araz Rajab 
Published: February 2020

In this paper, a new Playfair cipher built on bits level symmetric key cryptographic was proposed for the purpose of converting pairs of letters (digraphs) into single letters. The proposed algorithm is capable to overcome many of the shortcoming and vulnerabilities that exist in the current classical version of Playfair algorithm. The Playfair cipher is exceedingly complex than a classical substitution cipher, but still simple to hack using automated tactics. It is famous as a digraph cipher because two letters are exchanged by other two letters. This destroys any solo letter occurrence statistics, but the digraph statistics still unaffected (frequencies of two letters). Unluckily letter pairs have a flatter distribution than the one letter frequencies, so this intricacy matters for solving the code using pen and paper procedures. The suggested encryption process is conducted as follows; letters are first arranged in a spiral manner in Polybius square, afterwards, each pair will be replaced utilizing before-after technique if we are arranging pairs horizontally and down-up technique (vertically). The former process produces pairs of Plaintext that will be converted to binary bit stream then will be divided over blocks with stable sizes. Bits of these blocks are taken from pairs then fit them into square matrix of suitable order to put the concept of row-wise and revers row-wise matrix. Bits of this matrix are split into 2x2 square matrixes. The sub-matrixes are formed 8 bits. Here the XNOR operation is taken into consideration for bitwise operation to generate the keys for decryption and produce the cipher-text.
DWDM over FSO under the effect of different atmospheric attenuations
Authors: Maraha Heyam , Ameen Kameran Ali , Mahmood Ozlam Abdulhakeem , Aldawoodi Aras 
Published: February 2020

<p><span>In optical networks, Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) has been considered as a promising technique to meet the increasing bandwidth demands. It has been used to increase the capacity of long-haul optical transport systems such as free-space optics (FSO) and optical fiber. However, by applying DWDM over the FSO link, different challenges affect the performance system such as clear air, haze and rain atmospheric attenuations. This paper investigates eleven-channel DWDM over FSO based on the electrical linear equalizer that will improve the performance results at the receiver. The channels operate over (1561.42 nm, 1559.79 nm, 1558.17 nm, 1558.55 nm, 1554.94 nm, 1553.33 nm, 1551.72 nm, 1550.12 nm, 1548.51 nm, 1546.92 and 1545.32 nm) wavelengths that have separated based on the traditional International Telecommunication Union (ITU) grid. In the experiments, the system transmits 110 Gbit/s for FSO distances 9500 m, 3000 m, and 2500 m in superbly clear air, haze, and heavy haze atmospheric attenuations, respectively. Over different atmospheric attenuations, we evaluated our system performance using BER, eye diagram and the quality factor (Q-Factor). </span></p>
Comparative performance evaluation of four photovoltaic technologies in saharan climates of Algeria: ghardaïa pilot station
Authors: Tadjer Sid Ahmed , Idir Abdelhakim , Chekired Fathia 
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to present an evaluation of the performancerate of four different photovoltaic techniques in the Saharan environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate, analyse, discuss and illustrate the most effective of the different photovoltaic cell technologies (monocrystalline , amorphous silicon , poly-crystalline silicon and cadmium telluridethin film ) installed in Ghardaia which is located in southern of Algeria’s Sahara desert. In order to choose the most suitable technology in the Saharan climate conditions, the energy values produced by the plant were compared to those found by the PVSYST sizing software. The results show that thin-film and amorphous silicon panels produce low illumination, so they are the best choice for the Saharan environment.
A novel approach for the fastest MPPT tracking algorithm for a PV array fed BLDC motor driven air conditioning system
Authors: Munisekhar S , Marutheswar G.V , Sujatha P , Vadivelu K R 
Published: February 2020

<span lang="EN-IN">The paper presents a modified constant voltage (MACV) maximum power tracking algorithm approach for PV array fed brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive for air conditioning application. The proposed algorithm tracks the power instantaneously for sudden changes in solar radiation. The PV power is fed to Voltage source inverter directly without conventional dc dc converter there by reducing the overall cost and high frequency switching losses and efficiency of the system is improved by reducing number of power conversion stages. The appropriateness of the voltage and current controller for PV fed BLDC motor for cooling applications is verified for dynamic changes of solar radiation. The proposed system is designed and modelled and results are verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. </span>
Enhancement the stability of power system using optimal location of FACTS devices
Authors: Abdullah Ali Najim , Ghadhban Ahmed Majeed , Hameed Hayder Salim , Hussein Husham Idan 
Published: February 2020

<p><span>This paper proposes a steady-state of the Static Var Compensator (SVC) &amp; Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) set up for enhancing the damping overall performance and growing the integral clearing time (CCT) of a power network. The indispensable clearing time is carried out through increasing the time fault interval until the gadget loses stability. Increasing the CCT can be contribute to reliability of the safety gadget, decrease the protection machine ranking and cost. In order to attain most enhancement of machine stability via optimizing location, sizing and control modes of SVC and TCSC. Models and methodology for putting and designing shunt FACT’s units SVC (injected reactive strength Q) and series FACT’s devices TCSC (chose capacitive region) are examined in a 6-bus system. Performance factors are described to show validation of SVC and TCSC on extraordinary conditions. It is proven that the SVC is better than TCSC. </span></p>
Smart grid in the context of industry 4.0: an overview of communications technologies and challenges
Authors: Qarabash Noor Ahmed , Sabry Sana Sabah , Qarabash Haneen Ahmed 
Published: February 2020

<span>The recent advances in technology, the increased dependence on electrical energy and the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) were all factors in the increased need for smart, efficient and reliable energy systems. This introduced the concept of the Smart Grid (SG). A SG is a potential replacement for older power grids, capable of adapting and distributing energy based on demand. SG systems are complex. They combine various components and have high requirements for real time reliable operation. This paper attempts to provide an overview of SG systems, by outlining SG architecture and various components. It also introduces communication technologies, integration and network management tools that are involved in SG systems. In addition, the paper highlights challenges and issues that need to be addressed for a successful implementation of SG. Finally, we provide suggestions for future <br /> research directions. </span>
Eyelids, eyelashes detection algorithm and houghtransform method for noise removal in iris recognition
Authors: Nadia Bounegta , Abdessalam Bassou , Mohamed Beladgham 
Published: February 2020

<p><span>The biometric system is based on human’s behavioral and physical characteristics. Among all of these, iris has unique structure, higher accuracy and it can remain stable over a person’s life. Iris recognition is the method by which system recognize a person by their unique identical feature found in the iris. Iris recognition technology includes four subsections as, capturing of the iris image, segmentation, extraction of the needed features and matching. This paper is a detail description of eyelids; eyelashes detection technique and Hough transform method applied on iris image. </span></p>
Computer control of teaching enhancement by communication networked
Authors: Tawfeeq Nada N. , Marie Mehdi J. , Gaeid Khalaf S 
Published: February 2020

<span>Enhancement of teaching and education is crucial. This enhancement is rapidly improved through combining communication and technology resulting in various benefits (particularly the wireless Technologies (WT)). Such combination encourages lecturers to meet the worldwide demand for changing traditional teaching techniques to technology-based methods. Wireless system networks (WSNs) represent systems of smart devices that are<em></em>linked wirelessly. In addition, these devices are characterized by having a bandwidth of bounded communication, abilities of sensing and computation. For performing operations of control, this system employs a Flywheel Position Control System (FW PCS) as a plant node. This study utilizes the True Time 1.5 MATLAB/Simulink platform for simulating and implementing the WSN mathematical model with wireless networks. The simulation is carried out between plant nodes and controller using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard (also called ZigBee) via protocols of Wi-Fi. The suggested E-learning model comprises a set of properties that can encourage and enhance the level of students in various learning purposes and stages. </span>
A new patch antenna for ultra wide band communication applications
Authors: Sabah Anwar , Frhan Malik Jasim 
Published: February 2020

<span>A printed monopole patch Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna for use in UWB application is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a patch with appropriate dimensions on one side of a dielectric substrate, and a partial ground plane on the other side of the substrate. The techniques that used to enhance the bandwidth are the partial ground plane, feed point position and adjusted feed gap. The substrate that is used in the proposed antenna is Fr4 epoxy, the optimum dimensions of the antenna are 40mm×28mm×1.5mm this antenna designed by HFSS program. The band achieved by the proposed antenna is from 3.6GHz to 15GHz. This antenna is fabricated in the ministry of science and technology Baghdad-Iraq and a good agreement between simulation and measured S11 is achieved. </span>
Resource allocation algorithm for symmetrical services in OFDMA systems
Authors: P S Swapna , S Pillai Sakuntala , K. G Sreeni 
Published: February 2020

<p><span>The widespread acceptance of symmetrical services has urged for performance betterment techniques in wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for resource allocation in MIMO-OFDMA system for applications that demand similar quality in uplink and downlink direction. The problem is formulated as multiobjective optimization problem with objectives to maximize the bidirectional data rates for individual users and to minimize the difference between the uplink and downlink data rate for each user. Fairness has been considered as a constraint in the optimization problem. The power allocation for each subcarrier in the OFDMA system is carried out using Linear Programming (LP) techniques, while the subcarrier allocation problem has been undertaken using an innovative multiobjective optimization technique that employs the concept of non-dominance in evolutionary algorithms. The results are extremely encouraging as they outperform the algorithms reported in literature using linear programming techniques or evolutionary algorithms solely. </span></p>
Analysis of 4G mobile network coverage in UTeM technology campus
Authors: Manap Zahariah , Mohd Zain Anis Suhaila , Mohd Said Rahaini , Shivaneson Balakirisnan Shawn 
Published: February 2020

<p><span>This paper proposes an analysis of the coverage performance of 4G cellular services in UTeM Technology Campus. The performance of the cellular services is presented as the network’s coverage profile which is based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The area under study is virtually divided into 64 grid points where the average RSSI measurements are captured by using an open source software namely G-Mon. The measured values are mapped into the network coverage profile which represents the signal reception quality at each of the grid points. A statistical analysis called Two-Way ANOVA is performed to investigate the correlation of the performance of 4G cellular services in UTeM Technology Campus with the mobile phone brands and service operators. Based on the analysis, it is found that the signal reception in outdoor areas are better than that of indoor areas. In addition, the analysis shows that the propagation loss and signal degradation are two factors that contribute to the 4G services’ performance in UTeM Technology Campus. </span></p>
Dental lasers applications in visible wavelength operational band
Authors: M. A. Eid Mahmoud , Sadegh Amiri Iraj , Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih , Yupapin Preecha 
Published: February 2020

<p>There is no doubt that radiation has many side effects in our lives, so our goal in this study is to reduce our use of radiation in the diagnosis of tooth caries, and in order to achieve this goal we used the field of optical fiber in the detection of some diseases associated with oral and dental medicine. This diagnosis was accomplished by shedding light on the teeth, to be diagnosed and creating an image that allows the doctor to examine them and determine whether there are caries or any root problems. The principle is also used to detect oral cancer, fractures, and cracks in bones. This study also allows us to detect early caries, and this method saves time because it gives the diagnosis at the same time while the patient is in the treatment unit of the dental clinic. Thus the main advantages of this method are, enable the dentist to view images on the display unit attached to the clinic in real-time, compare current photos with old photos of the same patient. Also, the dentist can create a photo archive of each tooth individually and can retrieve and compare them whenever he wants. </p>
Solving multi-objective master production schedule problem using memetic algorithm
Authors: Sadiq Shireen S. , Abdulazeez Adnan Mohsin , Haron Habibollah 
Published: February 2020

<span>A master production schedule (MPS) need find a good, perhaps optimal, plan for maximize service levels while minimizing inventory and resource usage. However, these are conflicting objectives and a tradeoff to reach acceptable values must be made. Therefore, several techniques have been proposed to perform optimization on production planning problems based on, for instance, linear and non-linear programming, dynamic-lot sizing and meta-heuristics. In particular, several meta- heuristics have been successfully used to solve MPS problems such as genetic algorithms (GA) and simulated annealing (SA). This paper proposes a memetic algorithm to solve multi-objective master production schedule (MOMPS). The proposed memetic algorithm combines the evolutionary operations of MA (such as mutation and Crossover) with local search operators (swap operator and inverse movement operator) to improve the solutions of MA and increase the diversity of the population). This algorithm has proved its efficiency in solving MOMPS problems compared with the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. The results clearly showed the ability of the algorithm to evaluate properly how much, when and where extra capacities (overtime) are permitted so that the inventory can be lowered without influencing the level of service. </span>
Fault classification in smart distribution network using support vector machine
Authors: Chuan Ong Wei , Ab Aziz Nur Fadilah , Yasin Zuhaila Mat , Salim Nur Ashida , Wahab Norfishah A. 
Published: February 2020

<span>Machine learning application have been widely used in various sector as part of reducing work load and creating an automated decision making tool. This has gain the interest of power industries and utilities to apply machine learning as part of the operation. Fault identification and classification based machine learning application in power industries have gain significant accreditation due to its great capability and performance. In this paper, a machine-learning algorithm known as Support Vector Machine (SVM) for fault type classification in distribution system has been developed. Eleven different types of faults are generated with respect to actual network. A wide range of simulation condition in terms of different fault impedance value as well as fault types are considered in training and testing data. Right setting parameters are important to learning results and generalization ability of SVM. Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernel function has been used for training of SVM to accomplish the most optimized classifier. Initial finding from simulation result indicates that the proposed method is quick in learning and shows good accuracy values on faults type classification in distribution system. The developed algorithm is tested on IEEE 34 bus and IEEE 123 bus test distribution system. </span>
Solar-powered flood early warning system with short message service (SMS) notifications
Authors: Athirah Nur Anis , Radzi N. H. , Abdullah M. N. , Jumaat S. A. , Mohamad N. Z. 
Published: February 2020

<span>Flood is one of the most common hazards in Malaysia. Flood effects can be local, or very large, affecting the neighborhood or community and entire river basins. This flood develops slowly; sometimes over a period of days while sometimes develop quickly in just few minutes. With the real time flood information, it will allow public safety organizations and other emergency managers to effectively plan their resource deployment within the limited time of alert. Hence, this project aims to design the solar powered flood alert warning system by using solar energy as the power supply. This system will send message using GSM to the residents to notify them about the flood occurred. In this project, three LEDs were used to indicate the height of the water levels which are safe, alert and danger conditions. Each of the height have different water level that indicates the level of safety for each condition. </span>