bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O ESTADO LAICO NA ATUALIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA LAICIDADE NOS ORDENAMENTOS JURÍDICOS BRASILEIRO E ESPANHOL
Authors: De Assis Calsing Renata 
Published: August 2020

<p>O presente artigo consiste em uma análise comparativa da laicidade nos ordenamentos jurídicos brasileiro e espanhol. Primeiramente, busca-se uma construção do conceito de laicidade. Em seguida, realiza-se uma abordagem do processo histórico brasileiro e espanhol, verificando-se o desenvolvimento da laicidade nestes Estados, bem como esta se apresenta em seus sistemas jurídicos. Por fim, procura-se realizar uma análise comparativa da laicidade nos ordenamentos jurídicos do Brasil e da Espanha, buscando-se verificar os pontos de convergência e de divergência encontrados no Estado laico dos referidos países.</p><p> </p>
Reliable H∞ control for 2‐D discrete switched systems with state delays and actuator failures
Authors: Badie Khalid , Alfidi Mohammed , Chalh Zakaria 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis article is concerned with the reliable H∞ control problem against actuator failures for discrete two‐dimensional (2‐D) switched systems with state delays and actuator faults described by the second Fornasini‐Marchesini (FM) state‐space model. By resorting to the average dwell time (ADT) approach, also by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional and using the Wirtinger inequality, some sufficient conditions for the exponential stability analysis and weighted H∞ performance of the given system are derived. Then, based on the obtained conditions, a reliable H∞ controller design approach is presented such that the resulting closed‐loop system is exponentially stable with a weighted H∞ performance , not only when all actuators are in normal conditions, but also in the case of some actuator failures. Finally, two numerical examples are examined to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Nonlinear Ion Transport through Ultrathin Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet
Authors: Zhang Qi , Cao Pei‐Sheng , Cheng Yue , Yang Shi‐Shu , Yin Yun‐Dong , Lv Tian‐Yi , Gu Zhi‐Yuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe rational design of artificial solid‐state nanopores is of great importance in the discovery of intriguing ion transport phenomena. 2D metal–organicframework (2D MOF) nanosheets with single crystallinity, aligned nanochannels, ultrathin thickness, and diverse functionalities are highly potential solid‐state nanopores. An electrophoretic method is developed to successfully fabricate MOF nanopores supported by SiNx substrate, which is confirmed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. A giant gap around 4 V together with ionic current rectification is discovered in nonlinear voltage‐activated current‐voltage curves, revealing the synergy of the hydrophobic effect and charge effect in MOF nanopores. The charge effect embodies the different contribution current which results from the enrichment and depletion of ions in MOF nanopores by COMSOL simulation. Moreover, 2D MOF nanosheets with different surface charges, hydrophobicity, and pore sizes demonstrate the universality of nanopore fabrication and further confirm the synergistic mechanism. The nonlinear ion transport in the ultrathin MOF nanosheets will provide an opportunity to explore further applications in solid‐state nanopores.
Bioinspired, Mechanically Robust Chemiresistor for Inline Volatile Organic Compounds Sensing
Authors: Xu Weiheng , Ravichandran Dharneedar , Jambhulkar Sayli , Franklin Rahul , Zhu Yuxiang , Song Kenan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere are advantages to polymer/nanoparticle composite‐based volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensors, such as high chemical and physical stability, operability under extreme conditions, flexible use in manufacturing, and low cost. Nevertheless, their lower limit of detection due to thickness‐dependent diffusion has constrained their application. Inspired by the metaxylem in vascular plants and its vertical conduits and horizontal pits that enable efficient transpiration, a polymer/nanoparticle composite‐based sensor is fabricated with a controllable, spontaneously formed, hollow core for inline VOCs transportation, and porous microstructure for radial direction diffusion. The hollow core is surrounded by an inner porous layer (thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)), a middle sensing layer (TPU/graphene nanoplatelets/multiwalled carbon nanotubes), and an outer mechanically durable layer (TPU). This multilayered structure shows a 600% higher response rate compared to a single‐layered composite fiber sensor, with a low limit of detection (e.g., ≈15 ppm for xylene) and high selectivity based on the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter. This flexible and stretchable sensor also demonstrates a dual parameter sensing capability from VOC concentrations and uniaxial strain deformation. Via a one‐step fiber spinning procedure, this self‐induced hollow fiber offers a unique method of microstructural design, which enables the detection of low‐concentration VOCs by polymer/nanoparticle‐based sensors.
Quantitative Delineation of the Low Energy Decomposition Pathway for Lithium Peroxide in Lithium–Oxygen Battery
Authors: Dutta Arghya , Ito Kimihiko , Nomura Akihiro , Kubo Yoshimi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIdentification of a low‐potential decomposition pathway for lithium peroxide (Li2O2) in nonaqueous lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery is urgently needed to ameliorate its poor energy efficiency. In this study, experimental data and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the recharge overpotential (ηRC) of Li–O2 battery is fundamentally dependent on the Li2O2 crystallization pathway which is intrinsically related to the microscopic structural properties of the growing crystals during discharge. The Li2O2 grown by concurrent surface reduction and chemical disproportionation seems to form two discrete phases that have been deconvoluted and the amount of Li2O2 deposited by these two routes is quantitatively estimated. Systematic analyses have demonstrated that, regardless of the bulk morphology, solution‐grown Li2O2 shows higher ηRC (>1 V) which can be attributed to higher structural order in the crystal compared to the surface‐grown Li2O2. Presumably due to a cohesive interaction between the electrode surface and growing crystals, the surface‐grown Li2O2 seems to possess microscopic structural disorder that facilitates a delithiation induced partial solution‐phase oxidation at lower ηRC (<0.5 V). This difference in ηRC for differently grown Li2O2 provides crucial insights into necessary control over Li2O2 crystallization pathways to improve the energy efficiency of a Li–O2 battery.
Interphase characterization and modeling of tensile modulus in epoxy/silica nanocomposites
Authors: Zamanian Milad , Ashenai Ghasemi Faramarz , Mortezaei Mehrzad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe incorporation of second dispersed particulate phases in a polymer matrix enhances its mechanical properties. Because of the high surface to volume ratio of nanoparticles, the molecular structure of the matrix is altered at the nanoparticle/matrix interface and the volume of this perturbed region could be significant. These improved properties are produced by the interfacial interaction of the nanometric domains. In this research, epoxy matrix modified with three different sizes of nanosilica (12, 20, and 40 nm) and the effect of the interphase characteristics on the tensile properties of nanocomposites was investigated. At first, the theoretical values of the elastic modulus using a two‐phase mathematical model compared with the experimental data obtained from the nanocomposite samples and values between 8 and 10 nm were estimated for the interphase thickness. Afterward, considering the three‐phase model, it takes into account that three different regions for interphase volume fraction, including single particles, polymer trapping, and agglomerated nanoparticles, and an equation for evaluation of interphase volume fraction are defined. Also, the interphase tensile modulus was considered continuously changing from the properties of nanoparticle to the polymer matrix properties. Finally, the overall tensile modulus of nanocomposites, which considers different key parameters including nanoparticle size, values for the interphase thickness (h), and interphase tensile modulus (Ei), were calculated. The results were compared with the experimental ones of other studies and a good agreement was found. The smallest value of h as 6 nm for samples containing 12‐nm diameter nanosilica and highest value of h as 8 nm for samples containing 40‐nm diameter nanosilica is reported.
Brücken aus vorgespanntem Carbonbeton
Authors: Schlaich Mike , Apitz Andreas , Jesse Frank 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFür Spannbetonbrücken können Spannglieder aus carbonfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (CFK) verwendet werden. Solche Zugglieder zeichnen sich durch hohe Festigkeit aus, sie rosten und ermüden nicht und sie haben ein sehr geringes Gewicht. Ihre Anwendung kann zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit und Eleganz im Brückenbau führen, weil so schlankere Querschnitte möglich werden und gleichzeitig die Dauerhaftigkeit erhöht werden kann. In diesem Beitrag werden zuerst der Stand der Carbonbetonforschung an der TU Berlin und der Stand der Technik bei Brücken mit Carbonelementen vorgestellt. Hauptsächlich geht es im Anschluss um Fragen der Versagensankündigung und der Querschnittsbemessung von Bauteilen mit Carbonvorspannung. Zuletzt wird der Entwurf einer integralen Rahmenbrücke aus Betonfertigteilen mit Carbonvorspannung vorgestellt.
Study cases methodology in process dynamic and industrial plants control subject
Authors: Borreguero Ana M. , García‐Vargas Jesus M. , Sánchez‐Silva Luz , de la Osa Ana R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDynamic simulation has been incorporated into Chemical Engineering Master at the University of Castilla‐La Mancha as a teaching tool together with working cases. Concretely, this study presents the activities, evaluating criteria and a set of case of studies performed by master students in the process dynamic and industrial plants control course. It is described in detail, the Aspen HYSYS® simulations carried out to study the influence of main tuning parameters of proportional, integral, and derivative controllers (gain, integral time, and derivative time) and other relevant parameters such dead‐time, amplitude, or period of sine wave disturbances. The dynamic simulation helps the students to understand the previously mentioned concepts, analyzing their effect in the realistic behavior and control of simple processes. Finally, anonymous online surveys were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed training activities and methodology. Students felt that Aspen HYSYS enhances the control theory understanding from a chemical engineering perceptive, eliminating the tediousness and time‐consuming aspect of process calculation. Thus, this learning methodology promotes a successful achievement of learning outcomes.
PI16 attenuates response to sorafenib and represents a predictive biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Pusen , Jiang Zhongyi , Liu Xueni , Yu Kanru , Wang Chunguang , Li Hao , Zhong Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSorafenib has become the only FDA‐approved first‐line therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for more than 10 years, but there is still no validated predictive or prognostic marker. Peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16) is a functionally unknown gene in cancer research. This study aimed to determine the exact function of PI16 in HCC and whether it can represent as a biomarker for sorafenib response. We found that PI16 was over expressed in HCC tissues vs paired normal tissues. PI16 knockdown sensitize HCC cells to sorafenib treatment both in vitro and in vivo, whereas ectopic PI16 expression produced the opposite effect. Mechanistically, PI16 could suppress p38 MAPK/caspase‐dependent apoptosis in this process, and p38 MAPK inhibitor reversed the sorafenib sensitive phenotype caused by PI16 inhibition. Clinically, immunohistochemistry was used to detect PI16 levels in resected patients with HCC prior to sorafenib treatment. We showed that high PI16 levels represented an independent risk factor for disease progression in patients treated with sorafenib. Patients with low PI16 showed significantly better progression free survival and overall survival after sorafenib therapy. In conclusion, PI16 attenuates response to sorafenib treatment in HCC, and may be a helpful prognostic biomarker of sorafenib treatment.
Exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic in lung cancer
Authors: Wu Jing , Shen Zuojun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMore and more studies report that exosomes released by various cells can serve as a medium for information exchange between different cells. Through a deep understanding of the physical and chemical properties of exosomes, the researchers revealed a more precise molecular mechanism of its participation in the process of intercellular communication. In particular, microRNA (miRNA) is found inside exosomes, as well as long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Extensive evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs participates in the occurrence and development of lung cancer and plays a variety of roles. Therefore, the release of RNA‐containing exosomes in many different kinds of body fluids has caused widespread interest among researchers. In this review, we report evidence from human studies involving miRNAs and other ncRNAs in exosomes associated with lung cancer as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Currently, there is a small amount of evidence that exosomal miRNAs can be used as early diagnosis and prognostic markers for lung cancer, and their exact role in lung cancer patients still needs further study.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of AdSS Bisubstrate Inhibitors
Authors: Tibrewal Nidhi , Elliott Gregory I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany cancers lack the expression of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP). These cancers require adenylosuccinate synthetase (AdSS) for nucleic acid synthesis. By inhibiting adenylosuccinate synthetase, we potentially have a new therapeutic agent. Bisubstrate inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated against purified AdSS. The best activity was obtained with adenosine bearing a four‐carbon linker that connects the N‐formyl‐N‐hydroxy moiety to the 6‐position of the purine nucleoside.
Control of Guest Inclusion and Chiral Recognition Ability of 6‐O‐Modified β‐Cyclodextrins in Organic Solvents by Aromatic Substituents at the 2‐O Position
Authors: Kalaw Justine M. , Yamamoto Ryusuke , Kogame‐Asahara Chizuru , Shigemitsu Hajime , Kida Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe host‐guest chemistry and applications of cyclodextrins in aqueous media is well established. However, a comprehensive study in organic solvents is lacking. Here, we report the design and synthesis of 6‐O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilylated β‐cyclodextrin (TBDMS‐β‐CD) bearing various aromatic substitutions at the 2‐O position and their inclusion complex formation with aromatic guests in nonpolar organic solvents. Compared to the parent TBDMS‐β‐CD, these derivatives exhibit at least a 10‐fold increase in inclusion ability toward pyrene through cooperative guest binding with the CD cavity and the aromatic substituents at the 2‐O position. The type of the aromatic substituent largely affects the chiral recognition ability of TBDMS‐β‐CD toward 1‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylamine in cyclohexane. A TBDMS‐β‐CD derivative with a p‐tolyl substituent has a remarkable chiral selectivity for the (S)‐1‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylamine over the corresponding (R)‐isomer (KS/KR=4.1±0.5), whereas a TBDMS‐β‐CD derivative with a 2‐picolyl substituent shows the inverse chiral selectivity (KR/KS=8.7±0.6).
Topographic heterogeneity lengthens the duration of pollinator resources
Authors: Olliff‐Yang Rachael L. , Ackerly David D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe availability of sufficient and diverse resources across time is important for maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we examine the potential for variation in environmental conditions across topographic gradients to extend floral resource timing. Flowering time on a landscape may vary across topography due to differences in abiotic factors, species turnover, or genotypic differences. However, the extent to which this variation in phenology affects overall flowering duration on a landscape, and the components of diversity that influence flowering duration, are unexplored. We investigate whether differences in flowering time due to topography yield an overall extension in duration of flowering resources in a northern California grassland. We recorded flowering time of pollinator resource species across four successive spring growing seasons (2015–2018) on paired north and south aspects. Flowering time differences were evaluated both at the community level and within species present on both paired aspects. The role of plasticity was examined in an experimental case study using genotypes of Lasthenia gracilis. We found that aspect is a strong determinant of phenology, with earlier flowering on warmer south‐facing slopes. Aspect differences resulted in complementarity in timing of flowering resources across sites, as aspects that started flowering earlier also ended earlier. Complementarity between north and south aspects served to extend the flowering time of pollinator resources by an average of 4–8 days (8%–15%), depending on the year. This extension can be attributed to both within‐species responses to aspect differences and species turnover. Flowering of L. gracilis genotypes was distinct across aspects, demonstrating that plasticity can drive the extension of flowering duration. Our findings indicate that heterogeneous topography can extend overall flowering time of pollinator resources, which may support pollinator biodiversity. Extension was most pronounced at the community level, which incorporates species turnover as well as plastic and genotypic differences within species.
An assessment of the breastfeeding practices in Momo division, North West region of Cameroon
Authors: Nwachan Mirabelle Boh , Ejoh Richard Aba 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess maternal breastfeeding practices of children aged 0 to 24 months in Momo Division. It was also to identify the maternal sources of breastfeeding information and determine their impact on maternal breastfeeding decision in this division. Structured interviewer questionnaires were administered to 540 mothers. Among the 540 children included in the study, 77% of them received no prelacteal foods. Despite the fact that 47% of mothers initiated breastfeeding early, only 38% exclusively breastfed their infants for 6 months. Complementary feeding was introduced before the age of 6 months (59.5%). Few infants (2.4%) received complementary feeding later than 6 months. Only 3.1% of the children were breastfed up to two years or beyond. The most common source of breastfeeding information for the mothers is from the family, friends, and neighbors but information from healthcare professionals had the most influential effect on maternal breastfeeding decision. Although a few mothers in Momo Division followed the recommended breastfeeding practices, the breastfeeding practices in this division are generally suboptimal.
17‐Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 13 Deficiency Does Not Protect Mice From Obesogenic Diet Injury
Authors: Ma Yanling , Brown Philip M. , Lin Dennis D. , Ma Jing , Feng Dechun , Belyaeva Olga V. , Podszun Maren C. , Roszik Jason , Allen Joselyn N. , Umarova Regina , Kleiner David E. , Kedishvili Natalia Y. , Gavrilova Oksana , Gao Bin , Rotman Yaron 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims
17‐Beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) is genetically associated with human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inactivating mutations in HSD17B13 protect humans from NAFLD‐associated and alcohol‐associated liver injury, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to clinical trials of anti‐HSD17B13 therapeutic agents in humans. We aimed to study the in vivo function of HSD17B13 using a mouse model.

Approach and Results
Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing and quantitative RT‐PCR data revealed that hepatocytes are the main HSD17B13‐expressing cells in mice and humans. We compared Hsd17b13 whole‐body knockout (KO) mice and wild‐type (WT) littermate controls fed regular chow (RC), a high‐fat diet (HFD), a Western diet (WD), or the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism model of alcohol exposure. HFD and WD induced significant weight gain, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. However, there was no difference between genotypes with regard to body weight, liver weight, hepatic triglycerides (TG), histological inflammatory scores, expression of inflammation‐related and fibrosis‐related genes, and hepatic retinoid levels. Compared to WT, KO mice on the HFD had hepatic enrichment of most cholesterol esters, monoglycerides, and certain sphingolipid species. Extended feeding with the WD for 10 months led to extensive liver injury, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, with no difference between genotypes. Under alcohol exposure, KO and WT mice showed similar hepatic TG and liver enzyme levels. Interestingly, chow‐fed KO mice showed significantly higher body and liver weights compared to WT mice, while KO mice on obesogenic diets had a shift toward larger lipid droplets.

Conclusions
Extensive evaluation of Hsd17b13 deficiency in mice under several fatty liver–inducing dietary conditions did not reproduce the protective role of HSD17B13 loss‐of‐function mutants in human NAFLD. Moreover, mouse Hsd17b13 deficiency induces weight gain under RC. It is crucial to understand interspecies differences prior to leveraging HSD17B13 therapies.
Asymmetric interdependence between currency markets' volatilities across frequencies and time scales
Authors: Shahzad Syed Jawad Hussain , Arreola‐Hernandez Jose , Rahman Md Lutfur , Uddin Gazi Salah , Yahya Muhammad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate the dynamics of interdependence between realized variances and realized semivariances of six major currencies across frequencies and time scales. The empirical results are derived, first, through constructing daily measures of realized variance and semivariance from a high frequency 5‐min interval data, and second, by fitting wavelet squared coherence and wavelet cohesion measure with time‐varying weights. The realized volatilities of the currencies and their cross‐currency influences are found to increase during the global financial crisis. The realized volatilities of the Euro, Swiss Franc, and British Pound are closely synchronized over the short‐term horizon. However, over the long‐run, the Euro, Swiss Franc, and Japanese Yen lead the realized volatilities of the British Pound, Australian Dollar, and Canadian Dollar. The synchronization structure of positive and negative realized volatilities indicates asymmetric dependence among the currencies across time horizons. We further observe strong positive (negative) cohesion among the realized volatilities over the medium‐ and long‐term horizons. Finally, significant counter cyclical comovements among the currencies are observed over the medium‐ and long‐term horizons. These findings have important implications for foreign exchange portfolio managers.