bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of a multicenter, phase 2 study of nivolumab and ipilimumab for patients with advanced rare genitourinary malignancies
Authors: McGregor Bradley Alexander , Campbell Matthew T. , Xie Wanling , Farah Subrina , Bilen Mehmet A. , Schmidt Andrew L. , Sonpavde Guru P. , Kilbridge Kerry L. , Choudhury Atish D. , Mortazavi Amir , Shah Amishi Y. , Venkatesan Aradhana M. , Bubley Glenn J. , Siefker‐Radtke Arlene O. , McKay Rana R. , Choueiri Toni K. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIn this multicenter, single‐arm, multicohort, phase 2 trial, the efficacy of nivolumab and ipilimumab was evaluated in patients with advanced rare genitourinary cancers, including bladder and upper tract carcinoma of variant histology (BUTCVH), adrenal tumors, platinum‐refractory germ cell tumors, penile carcinoma, and prostate cancer of variant histology (NCT03333616).MethodsPatients with rare genitourinary malignancies and no prior immune checkpoint inhibitor exposure were enrolled. Patients received nivolumab at 3 mg/kg and ipilimumab at 1 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks for 4 doses, and this was followed by 480 mg of nivolumab intravenously every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1).ResultsFifty‐five patients were enrolled at 6 institutions between April 2018 and July 2019 in 3 cohorts: BUTCVH (n = 19), adrenal tumors (n = 18), and other tumors (n = 18). The median follow‐up was 9.9 months (range, 1 to 21 months). Twenty‐eight patients (51%) received 4 doses of nivolumab and ipilimumab; 25 patients received nivolumab maintenance for a median of 4 cycles (range, 1‐18 cycles). The ORR for the entire study was 16% (80% confidence interval, 10%‐25%); the ORR in the BUTCVH cohort, including 2 complete responses, was 37%, and it was 6% in the other 2 cohorts. Twenty‐two patients (40%) developed treatment‐related grade 3 or higher toxicities; 24% (n = 13) required high‐dose steroids (≥40 mg of prednisone or the equivalent). Grade 5 events occurred in 3 patients; 1 death was treatment related.ConclusionsNivolumab and ipilimumab resulted in objective responses in a subset of patients with rare genitourinary malignancies, especially those with BUTCVH. An additional cohort exploring their activity in genitourinary tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation is ongoing.Lay Summary

Patients with rare cancers are often excluded from studies and have limited treatment options.

Fifty‐five patients with rare tumors of the genitourinary system were enrolled from multiple sites and were treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab, a regimen used for kidney cancer.

The regimen showed activity in some patients, particularly those with bladder or upper tract cancers of unusual or variant histology; 37% of those patients responded to therapy.

Additional studies are ongoing to better determine who benefits the most from this combination.
Patient‐reported symptom severity, interference with daily activities, and adverse events in older and younger women receiving chemotherapy for early breast cancer
Authors: Nyrop Kirsten A. , Deal Allison M. , Chen Yi Tang , Reeve Bryce B. , Basch Ethan M. , Wood William A. , Shachar Shlomit S. , Carey Lisa A. , Reeder‐Hayes Katherine E. , Dees E. Claire , Jolly Trevor A. , Kimmick Gretchen G. , Karuturi Meghan S. , Reinbolt Raquel E. , Speca JoEllen C. , Lee Jordan T. , Brenizer Addison , Muss Hyman B. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTo the authors' knowledge, it is unknown whether patient‐reported symptom severity and symptom interference with daily activities differ between younger (aged <65 years) and older (aged ≥65 years) women receiving similar chemotherapy regimens for early breast cancer (EBC).MethodsStudy participants rated 17 side effects of chemotherapy regimens currently in use in clinical practice (2014‐2019).ResultsOf 284 women with EBC (stage I‐III), approximately 57% were aged <65 years and 43% were aged ≥65 years. For anthracycline‐based regimens, a higher percentage of younger women reported moderate, severe, or very severe (MSVS) hot flashes (49% vs 18%) (P < .001). For nonanthracycline regimens, a higher percentage of younger women reported MSVS hot flashes (38% vs 19%) (P = .009) and a lower percentage reported MSVS arthralgia (28% vs 49%) (P = .005). With regard to symptom interference with daily activities, a higher percentage of younger women being treated with anthracycline‐based regimens reported MSVS hot flashes (32% vs 7%) (P = .001) and myalgia (38% vs 18%) (P = .02). For nonanthracycline chemotherapy, a higher percentage of younger women reported MSVS interference for hot flashes (26% vs 9%) (P = .006) and lower percentages reported abdominal pain (13% vs 28%) (P = .02). Overall, there were no significant differences noted among younger versus older patients with regard to hospitalizations (19% vs 12%; P = .19), dose reductions (34% vs 31%; P = .50), dose delays (22% vs 25%; P = .59), or early treatment discontinuation (16% vs 16%; P = .9546).ConclusionsOlder and younger women with EBC who were treated with identical chemotherapy regimens generally experienced similar levels of symptom severity, symptom‐related interference with daily activities, and adverse events.Lay Summary

In this study, women receiving chemotherapy for early breast cancer rated the severity of 17 symptoms and symptom interference with their activities of daily living.

Older (aged ≥65 years) and younger (aged <65 years) women who received identical chemotherapy regimens generally experienced similar levels of symptom severity, symptom‐related interference with daily activities, and adverse events.
Survival outcomes of patients with localized FOXO1 fusion‐positive rhabdomyosarcoma treated on recent clinical trials: A report from the Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee of the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Heske Christine M. , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Li Minjie , Arnold Michael A. , Dasgupta Roshni , Hiniker Susan M. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Mascarenhas Leo 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe objective of this analysis was to evaluate the clinical factors influencing survival outcomes in patients with localized (clinical group I‐III), FOXO1 fusion‐positive rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).MethodsPatients with confirmed FOXO1 fusion‐positive RMS who were enrolled on 3 completed clinical trials for localized RMS were included in the analytic cohort. Outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method to estimate event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS), and the curves were compared using the log‐rank test. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to perform multivariate analysis of prognostic factors that were significant in the univariate analysis.ResultsThe estimated 4‐year EFS and OS of 269 patients with localized, FOXO1 fusion‐positive RMS was 53% (95% CI, 47%‐59%) and 69% (95% CI, 63%‐74%), respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that several known favorable clinical characteristics, including age at diagnosis between 1 and 9 years, complete surgical resection, tumor size ≤5 cm, favorable tumor site, absence of lymph node involvement, confinement to the anatomic site of origin, and PAX7‐FOXO1 fusion, were associated with improved outcomes. Multivariate analysis identified older age (≥10 years) and large tumor size (>5 cm) as independent, adverse prognostic factors for EFS within this population, and patients who had both adverse features experienced substantially inferior outcomes.ConclusionsPatients with localized, FOXO1 fusion‐positive RMS can be further risk stratified based on clinical features at diagnosis, and older patients with large primary tumors have the poorest prognosis.
Development of a Rapid Focus Reduction Neutralization Test Assay for Measuring SARS‐CoV‐2 Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: Vanderheiden Abigail , Edara Venkata Viswanadh , Floyd Katharine , Kauffman Robert C. , Mantus Grace , Anderson Evan , Rouphael Nadine , Edupuganti Sri , Shi Pei‐Yong , Menachery Vineet D. , Wrammert Jens , Suthar Mehul S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 is a recently emerged human coronavirus that has escalated to a pandemic. There are currently no approved vaccines for SARS‐CoV‐2, which causes severe respiratory illness or death. Defining the antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2 will be essential for understanding disease progression, long‐term immunity, and vaccine efficacy. Here we describe two methods for evaluating the neutralization capacity of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies. The basic protocol is a focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT), which involves immunostaining infected cells with a chromogen deposit readout. The alternate protocol is a modification of the FRNT that uses an infectious clone−derived SARS‐CoV‐2 virus expressing a fluorescent reporter. These protocols are adapted for use in a high‐throughput setting, and are compatible with large‐scale vaccine studies or clinical testing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLCBasic Protocol: Focus reduction neutralization testAlternate Protocol: mNeonGreen‐based focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT‐mNG)
Assessing drought resistance in seashore paspalum genotypes using leaf gas exchange, osmotic adjustment, and rooting characteristics
Authors: Katuwal Krishna B , Tishchenko Viktor , Jespersen David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare drought resistance in a range of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) genotypes and identify associated morphological and physiological traits. Fifteen genotypes were grown in growth chamber conditions and exposed to well‐watered and drought‐stress treatments. Genotypes ‘Seaisle1’ and PI647891 were consistent top performers, whereas ‘Seastar’ and PI614680 performed poorly as measured by turf quality, percentage green cover, and relative water content when exposed to drought stress. Observed levels of drought resistance had no significant relation with morphological traits such as leaf width and internode length but were found to be associated with various physiological traits. Drought resistant genotypes were able to better maintain membrane stability, photosynthesis, and had greater water use efficiency compared with sensitive genotypes. Earlier osmotic adjustment at 7 d via faster osmolyte accumulation was a significant contributor to performance during drought. Drought‐resistant Seaisle1 and PI647891 had deeper roots and greater root length density than drought sensitive ‘Seastar’ and PI614680. Results showing variability in the level of drought resistance and associated mechanisms in understudied seashore paspalum genotypes could facilitate future breeding efforts for developing drought‐resistant turfgrass cultivars.
Non‐reef habitats in a tropical seascape affect density and biomass of fishes on coral reefs
Authors: Sievers Katie T. , McClure Eva C. , Abesamis Rene A. , Russ Garry R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNonreef habitats such as mangroves, seagrass, and macroalgal beds are important for foraging, spawning, and as nursery habitat for some coral reef fishes. The spatial configuration of nonreef habitats adjacent to coral reefs can therefore have a substantial influence on the distribution and composition of reef fish. We investigate how different habitats in a tropical seascape in the Philippines influence the presence, density, and biomass of coral reef fishes to understand the relative importance of different habitats across various spatial scales. A detailed seascape map generated from satellite imagery was combined with field surveys of fish and benthic habitat on coral reefs. We then compared the relative importance of local reef (within coral reef) and adjacent habitat (habitats in the surrounding seascape) variables for coral reef fishes. Overall, adjacent habitat variables were as important as local reef variables in explaining reef fish density and biomass, despite being fewer in number in final models. For adult and juvenile wrasses (Labridae), and juveniles of some parrotfish taxa (Chlorurus), adjacent habitat was more important in explaining fish density and biomass. Notably, wrasses were positively influenced by the amount of sand and macroalgae in the adjacent seascape. Adjacent habitat metrics with the highest relative importance were sand (positive), macroalgae (positive), and mangrove habitats (negative), and fish responses to these metrics were consistent across fish groups evaluated. The 500‐m spatial scale was selected most often in models for seascape variables. Local coral reef variables with the greatest importance were percent cover of live coral (positive), sand (negative), and macroalgae (mixed). Incorporating spatial metrics that describe the surrounding seascape will capture more holistic patterns of fish–habitat relationships on reefs. This is important in regions where protection of reef fish habitat is an integral part of fisheries management but where protection of nonreef habitats is often overlooked.
Decreased GLUT1/NHE1 RNA expression in whole blood predicts disease severity in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Mustroph Julian , Hupf Julian , Hanses Frank , Evert Katja , Baier Maria J. , Evert Matthias , Meindl Christine , Wagner Stefan , Hubauer Ute , Pietrzyk Gabriela , Leininger Simon , Staudner Stephan , Vogel Manuel , Wallner Stefan , Zimmermann Markus , Sossalla Samuel , Maier Lars S. , Jungbauer Carsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsWe aimed to assess whether expression of whole‐blood RNA of sodium proton exchanger 1 (NHE1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is associated with COVID‐19 infection and outcome in patients presenting to the emergency department with respiratory infections. Furthermore, we investigated NHE1 and GLUT1 expression in the myocardium of deceased COVID‐19 patients.Methods and resultsWhole‐blood quantitative assessment of NHE1 and GLUT1 RNA was performed using quantitative PCR in patients with respiratory infection upon first contact in the emergency department and subsequently stratified by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection status. Assessment of NHE1 and GLUT1 RNA using PCR was also performed in left ventricular myocardium of deceased COVID‐19 patients.NHE1 expression is up‐regulated in whole blood of patients with COVID‐19 compared with other respiratory infections at first medical contact in the emergency department (control: 0.0021 ± 0.0002, COVID‐19: 0.0031 ± 0.0003, P = 0.01). The ratio of GLUT1 to NHE1 is significantly decreased in the blood of COVID‐19 patients who are subsequently intubated and/or die (severe disease) compared with patients with moderate disease (moderate disease: 0.497 ± 0.083 vs. severe disease: 0.294 ± 0.0336, P = 0.036). This ratio is even further decreased in the myocardium of patients who deceased from COVID‐19 in comparison with the myocardium of non‐infected donors.ConclusionsNHE1 and GLUT1 may be critically involved in the disease progression of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We show here that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection critically disturbs ion channel expression in the heart. A decreased ratio of GLUT1/NHE1 could potentially serve as a biomarker for disease severity in patients with COVID‐19.
Potts anastomosis in children with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and atrial septal defect
Authors: Capel Alice , Lévy Marilyne , Szezepanski Isabelle , Malekzadeh‐Milani Sophie , Vouhé Pascal , Bonnet Damien 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsPotts shunt has been proposed as a bridge or alternative to lung transplantation for children with severe and drug‐refractory suprasystemic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We describe the management of the atrial shunt when a Potts shunt is planned in refractory PAH.Methods and resultsWe report a case series of children in whom a Potts shunt was done for severe PAH associated with an atrial septal defect to illustrate the different clinical and haemodynamic scenarios. Five children (2 to 13 years) underwent a Potts shunt: three surgical, one percutaneous Potts shunt, and one percutaneous stenting of a restrictive arterial duct. All had associated atrial septal defect. Those who had generalized cyanosis before the procedure had a complicated postoperative course and required longer ventilatory and inotropic support, except the one who had atrial septal defect closure before the Potts shunt. One of the three cyanotic patients died. Two patients with left‐to‐right shunt before the Potts shunt had an uncomplicated postoperative course.ConclusionsShunt physiology is only partially predictable after the Potts shunt in children with PAH and atrial septal defect. Abrupt drop in left ventricle preload while the right ventricle is decompressed can potentially be prevented by atrial septal defect closure prior to the Potts shunt.
Thymol-Loaded Biogenic Silica Nanoparticles in an Aquatic Environment: The Impact of Particle Aggregation on Ecotoxicity
Authors: Pereira Iúri Barbosa , Carvalho Endrew Henrique de Sousa , Rodrigues Laís de Brito , Mattos Bruno Dufau , Magalhães Washington Luiz Esteves , Leme Daniela Morais , Krawczyk-Santos Anna Paula , Taveira Stephânia Fleury , de Oliveira Gisele Augusto Rodrigues 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Thymol, a monoterpene phenol, is used as a natural biocide. To circumvent its chemical instability, we propose use of thymol-loaded biogenic silica nanoparticles (BSiO2#THY NPs); however, the toxicity of this system for aquatic organisms is unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicogenetic effects induced by thymol, BSiO2 NP, and BSiO2#THY on Artemia salina and zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages. We also investigated the impact of BSiO2 aggregation in different exposure media (saline and freshwater). Based on the median lethal concentration at 48 h (LC5048h), BSiO2#THY (LC5048h = 1.06 mg/L) presented similar toxic potential as thymol (LC5048h = 1.03 mg/L) for A. salina, showing that BSiO2 had no influence on BSiO2#THY toxicity. Because BSiO2 aggregated and sedimented faster in A. salina aqueous medium than in the other medium, this NP had lower interaction with this microcrustacean. Thus, BSiO2#THY toxicity for A. salina is probably due to the intrinsic toxicity of thymol. For zebrafish early life stages, BSiO2#THY (LC5096h = 13.13 mg/L) was more toxic than free thymol (LC5096h = 25.60 mg/L); however, BSiO2 NP has no toxicity for zebrafish early life stages. The lower aggregation of BSiO2 in the freshwater medium compared to the saline medium may have enhanced thymol's availability for this aquatic organism. Also, BSiO2#THY significantly induced sublethal effects as thymol, and both were genotoxic for zebrafish. In conclusion, although BSiO2#THY still needs improvements to ensure its safety for freshwater ecosystems, BSiO2 NP seems to be a safe nanocarrier for agriculture. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:333–341. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Toxicity of BSiO2#THY to Artemia salina and zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages and the aggregation impacts on different exposure media of the BSiO2 nanocarrier. BSiO2 = biogenic silica nanoparticles; BSiO2#THY = THY-loaded BSiO2; THY = thymol.
Effect of water bath‐assisted water extraction on physical and chemical properties of soybean oil body emulsion
Authors: Han Haotian , Zhao Luping , Liu Xiaonan , Guo Anmin , Li Xiangyang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoybean oil body (SOB), rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and biologically active substances, is used as a natural emulsifier in food processing. In addition, SOB is healthier than synthetic emulsifiers. However, the physical and chemical properties of the SOB emulsion directly affect its application in food processing. In order to study the effect of water bath extraction (WBAE) on SOBs, the effects of WBAE method on the composition of SOBs, the zeta potential, average particle size, oxidation stability, and viscosity characteristics of SOB emulsions were researched. It was found that both protein and moisture contents of SOB decreased with increasing WBAE temperature; however, lipid content increased. These results were attributed to the exogenous proteins gradually denatured and dissociated with extraction temperature from 60°C to 100°C. Increasing the extraction temperature, the average particle size of the SOB emulsions increased, the oxidative stability was improved, the Zeta potential and viscosity decreased, and the fluidity of emulsions was improved. The SOB extracted at 100°C has broad application prospects in food, and this research is meaningful for supplying fundamental information for selecting proper extraction temperature of SOBs.
Chinese Propolis: Ultrasound‐assisted enhanced ethanolic extraction, volatile components analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial activity comparison
Authors: Ding Qingzhi , Sheikh Arooj Rehman , Gu Xiangyue , Li Juan , Xia Kaihui , Sun Nianzhen , Wu Ricardo A. , Luo Lin , Zhang Yong , Ma Haile 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study was aimed to enhance the extraction yield of propolis samples using ultrasound technology, analyze the volatile compounds, and compare the antioxidant and antimicrobial effect of propolis extracts of different areas. Four propolis samples were collected from different regions of China, namely: Linqing, Shandong Province (LSP); Yingchun, Heilongjiang Province (YHP); Changge, Henan Province (CHP); and Raohe, Heilongjiang Province (RHP). The ultrasound extracts of CHP and RHP showed a higher total phenolic content (TPC) of 201.78 ± 4.60 mgGAE/g and 166.071 ± 1.53 mgGAE/g, total flavonoid content (TFC) of 519.77 ± 29.90 and 341.227 ± 10.82 mg quercetin/g respectively, as well as high antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Conventional extraction showed 15%–20% lower yield for TPC ranging from 72.02 ± 1.99 to 155.95 ± 3.69 mg GAE/g, TFC ranges from 129.675 ± 6.82 to 412.83 ± 12.14 mg quercetin/g, with lower antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activity of propolis extracts was determined by assays of reducing power, DPPH*, FRAP*, TEAC*, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion scavenging activity. Collectively, the antioxidant activities of extracts from CHP and RHP were higher than those of the other two extracts(YHP and LSP). All the extracts showed high antimicrobial activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis, but no effect on Escherichia coli. A total of 150 compounds in propolis were detected by GC/MS. Terpenes (RHP 34%, YHP 5%, LSP 18%, and CHP 12%) and alcohols (RHP 12%, YHP 13%, LSP 12%, and CHP 10%) showed the highest relative content among all other extracts.
Association between socioeconomic status and cognitive functioning among older adults in Ghana
Authors: Nutakor Jonathan Aseye , Dai Baozhen , Zhou Jianzai , Larnyo Ebenezer , Gavu Alexander Kwame , Asare Maxwell Kwabena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesExtensive analysis of the associations between socioeconomic status and cognition has been conducted among older adults. However, it is not clear whether associations in high‐income countries are similar in low‐and middle‐income countries. This research aims to investigate the association between the socioeconomic status of older adults in Ghana and their cognitive function by using a sample of older adults that is nationally representative.MethodsData were obtained from a sample of older Ghanaian adults (50+) from the Study of Global AGEing and Adult Health Wave 1 (n = 3710) of the World Health Organization. Objectively, cognition was measured by verbal recall, verbal fluency, forward digit span, and backward digit span, while variations in cognition overall were evaluated against socioeconomic factors using linear regression.ResultsOlder age, older women, rural life, increasing memory difficulty, and being diagnosed with stroke were the most significant determinants of impaired cognitive function. Higher education and higher income were significantly associated with a better cognitive function than those with no formal education and low income.ConclusionsThese results provide new evidence for public health programs in Ghana and other low‐and middle‐income countries to tackle cognitive impairments in growing populations.