bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2D Hybrid Perovskite Ferroelectric Enables Highly Sensitive X‐Ray Detection with Low Driving Voltage
Authors: Ji Chengmin , Wang Sasa , Wang Yaxing , Chen Huaixi , Li Lina , Sun Zhihua , Sui Yan , Wang Shuao , Luo Junhua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractX‐ray detectors with high sensitivity are of great significance in both civil and military fields. Over the past decades, great efforts have been made to improve the sensitivity in conventional inorganic materials, but mainly at the cost of increasing the energy consumption with a quite high operating voltage. Developing photosensitive ferroelectrics directly as detector materials may be a conceptually new strategy in view of the strong ferroelectric spontaneous polarization (Ps) that assists photoinduced carriers separation and transport. A high‐performance X‐ray detector in 2D hybrid halide perovskite ferroelectric (C4H9NH3)2(C2H5NH3)2Pb3Br10 (BA2EA2Pb3Br10) (Ps = 5 µC cm−2) is fabricated and exhibits an ultrahigh X‐ray sensitivity up to 6.8 × 103 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 even at a relatively low operating voltage, which is over 300‐fold larger than that of state‐of‐the‐art α‐Se X‐ray detectors. Such a brilliant figure‐of‐merit is largely attributed to the superior mobility–lifetime products associated with the strong ferroelectric polarization of BA2EA2Pb3Br10. As pioneering work, these findings inform the exploration of hybrid halide perovskite ferroelectrics toward high‐performance photoelectronic devices.
Ionoskins: Nonvolatile, Highly Transparent, Ultrastretchable Ionic Sensory Platforms for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Kim Yong Min , Moon Hong Chul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe primary technology of next‐generation wearable electronics pursues the development of highly deformable and stable systems. Here, nonvolatile, highly transparent, and ultrastretchable ionic conductors based on polymeric gelators [poly(methyl methacrylate‐ran‐butyl acrylate), PMMA‐r‐PBA] and ionic liquids (IL) are proposed. A crucial strategy in the molecular design of polymer gelators is copolymerization of PMMA and IL‐insoluble low glass transition temperature (Tg) polymers that can be deformed and effectively dissipate applied strains. Highly stretchable (elongation limit ≈850%), mechanically robust (elastic modulus ≈3.1 × 105 Pa), and deformation durable (recovery ratio ≈96.1% after 500 stretching/releasing cycles) gels are obtained by judiciously adjusting the molecular characteristics of polymer gelators and gel composition. An extremely simple “ionic” strain sensory platform is fabricated by directly connecting the stretchable gel and a digital multimeter, exhibiting high sensitivity (gauge factor ≈2.73), stable operation (>13 000 cycles), and nonvolatility (>10 d in air). Moreover, the skin‐type strain sensor, referred to as ionoskin, is demonstrated. The gels are attached to a part of the body (e.g., finger, elbow, knee, or ankle) and various human movements are successfully monitored. The ionoskin renders the opportunity to achieve wearable ubiquitous electronics such as healthcare devices and smart textile systems.
Zn2+ Doped Ultrasmall Prussian Blue Nanotheranostic Agent for Breast Cancer Photothermal Therapy under MR Imaging Guidance
Authors: Shou Pingbo , Yu Zhangsen , Wu Yiting , Feng Qiang , Zhou Bangyi , Xing Jie , Liu Chuang , Tu Jinqing , Akakuru Ozioma Udochukwu , Ye Zhiqiu , Zhang Xiaojuan , Lu Zhenbo , Zhang Luyun , Wu Aiguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrussian blue nanoprobes are widely studied and applied in tumor photothermal therapy (PTT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), due to their low toxicity and excellent in vivo performance. However, the sizes of hitherto reported Prussian blue nanoprobes are generally larger than 50 nm, which greatly influence cell phagocytosis, in vivo circulation, and biodistribution. In this work, a novel method of doping zinc ions is used to control the size of Prussian blue nanoprobes. Consequently, the performances of the nanoprobes in PTT and MRI are both significantly improved. The results show that the minimum size of Prussian blue nanoprobes achieved by doping 10% zinc ions (abbreviated as SPBZn(10%)) is 3.8 ± 0.90 nm, and the maximum specific absorption coefficient, photothermal conversion efficiency, and longitudinal relaxation rates are 1.78 L g−1 cm−1, 47.33%, and 18.40 mm−1 s−1, respectively. In addition, the SPBZn(10%) nanoprobes provide excellent PTT efficacy on 4T1 tumor cells (killing rate: 90.3%) and breast cancer model (tumor inhibition rate: 69.4%). Toxicological experiment results show that the SPBZn(n%) nanoprobes exhibit no obvious in vitro cytotoxicity and they can be used safely in mice at doses below 100 mg kg−1. Therefore, SPBZn(10%) nanoprobes can potentially be used for effective cancer theranostics.
Supersonic Cold Spraying for Energy and Environmental Applications: One‐Step Scalable Coating Technology for Advanced Micro‐ and Nanotextured Materials
Authors: An Seongpil , Joshi Bhavana , Yarin Alexander L. , Swihart Mark T. , Yoon Sam S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSupersonic cold spraying is an emerging technique for rapid deposition of films of materials including micrometer‐size and sub‐micrometer metal particles, nanoscale ceramic particles, clays, polymers, hybrid materials composed of polymers and particulates, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and metal–organic frameworks. In this method, particles are accelerated to a high velocity and then impact a substrate at near ambient temperature, where dissipation of their kinetic energy produces strong adhesion. Here, recent progress in fundamentals and applications of cold spraying is reviewed. High‐velocity impact with the substrate results in significant deformation, which not only produces adhesion, but can change the particles' internal structure. Cold‐sprayed coatings can also exhibit micro‐ and nanotextured morphologies not achievable by other means. Suspending micro‐ or nanoparticles in a liquid and cold‐spraying the suspension produces fine atomization and even deposition of materials that could not otherwise be processed. The scalability and low cost of this method and its compatibility with roll‐to‐roll processing make it promising for many applications, including ultrathin flexible materials, solar cells, touch‐screen panels, nanotextured surfaces for enhanced heat transfer, thermal and electrical insulation films, transparent conductive films, materials for energy storage (e.g., Li‐ion battery electrodes), heaters, sensors, photoelectrodes for water splitting, water purification membranes, and self‐cleaning films.
Directional Janus Metasurface
Authors: Chen Ke , Ding Guowen , Hu Guangwei , Jin Zhongwei , Zhao Junming , Feng Yijun , Jiang Tian , Alù Andrea , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractJanus monolayers, a class of two‐faced 2D materials, have received significant attention in electronics, due to their unusual conduction properties stemming from their inherent out‐of‐plane asymmetry. Their photonic counterparts recently allowed for the control of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation processes, yielding drastically different responses for opposite light excitation spins. A passive Janus metasurface composed of cascaded subwavelength anisotropic impedance sheets is demonstrated. By introducing a rotational twist in their geometry, asymmetric transmission with the desired phase function is realized. Their broken out‐of‐plane symmetry realizes different functions for opposite propagation directions, enabling direction‐dependent versatile functionalities. A series of passive Janus metasurfaces that enable functionalities including one‐way anomalous refraction, one‐way focusing, asymmetric focusing, and direction‐controlled holograms are experimentally demonstrated.
FDTS‐Modified SiO2/rGO Wrinkled Films with a Micro‐Nanoscale Hierarchical Structure and Anti‐Icing/Deicing Properties under Condensation Condition
Authors: Chu Zhenming , Jiao Weicheng , Huang Yifan , Ding Guomin , Zhong Xue , Yan Meiling , Zheng Yongting , Wang Rongguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIcing accretion on the surface of an aircraft not only increases the weight but also causes changes in the surface shape, so there is an urgent need for anti‐icing/deicing without shutdown. Here, a graphene‐based film with light weight, super‐hydrophobicity, high electric heat, and durability, which has both anti‐icing properties and electrothermal deicing capability, is proposed. The film is prepared with 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS)‐modified SiO2/rGO wrinkles, and it has a micro‐nanoscale hierarchical structure. Moreover, the superhydrophobic properties of the film can be controlled by adjusting the wrinkle size. Because of its good water repellency, the film can prevent and delay the freezing of water droplets at low temperatures. At −10 °C, compared to a smooth rGO film, the icing time of 10 µL supercooled water droplet on the micro‐nanoscale hierarchical structured film can be delayed by ≈8.3 times, and the ice adhension decreases greatly. In addition, the film exhibits high‐efficiency electrothermal properties. At −10 °C, under a low voltage of 15 V, the film can be heated rapidly to achieve rapid deicing and defrosting. The graphene‐based micro‐nanoscale hierarchical structure shows great potential in the field of sky anti‐icing and real‐time deicing.
3D Helical Micromixer Fabricated by Micro Lost‐Wax Casting
Authors: Tachibana Daiki , Matsubara Ken , Matsuda Ryosuke , Furukawa Taichi , Maruo Shoji , Tanaka Yoshimi , Fuchiwaki Ohmi , Ota Hiroki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicromixers produced by micro fabrication techniques have attracted attention for micro total analysis systems and lab‐on‐a‐chip applications in point‐of‐care testing. However, the fabrication and setup of micromixers have become more complex and more difficult. Considering the practical use of micromixers in medical and industrial applications, their designs can be simplified while maintaining high mixing efficiency. Rapid prototyping, represented by 3D printing having micro‐scale resolutions, is one promising technology to replace conventional fabrication methods such as soft lithography. Here, a 3D helical micromixer fabricated by micro‐scale lost‐wax casting is reported. The molds for lost‐wax casting are fabricated by fine 3D printing of a hard wax resin which can be removed from a polydimethylsiloxane block just by heating and washing with water, and a fine and smooth structure is realized. The optimized helical micromixer fabricated by lost‐wax casting promotes mixing efficiency compared with other micromixers. In addition, a monolithic microchannel having the helical 3D bridge structure is presented in this study. The demonstration is an important advancement toward the industrial applications of micromixers fabricated by micro‐scale 3D printing. The ability to fabricate complex structures can simply lead to the creation of more sophisticated mixers in the future.
Developments and Perspectives in 3d Transition‐Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts for Neutral and Near‐Neutral Water Electrolysis
Authors: Anantharaj Sengeni , Aravindan Vanchiappan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTechnology for producing highly pure hydrogen (99.999%) by water electrolysis is a field of importance in terms of the planets' current energy scenario. A much needed transition from a carbon economy to a hydrogen economy further adds importance to the field of hydrogen generation from water for a sustainable future. To avoid energy losses in the production process, the use of highly acidic (Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer) and alkaline (alkaline water electrolyzer) electrolytes is conventional practice in this field. Unfortunately, there are several other issues associated with the use of acidic and alkaline electrolytes such as the requirement of specific ion exchanging membranes with good stability, acid or alkali stable catalysts and corrosive environment withstanding cell stacks, etc. To overcome these issues, researchers have shown interest in the field of electrochemical water splitting in neutral and near‐neutral conditions. In this review, the chronological development of 3d transition‐metal‐based electrocatalysts for neutral and near‐neutral water splitting is extensively discussed with emphases on screening methodologies, mechanisms, structure‐activity correlations, and detailed catalyst specific evolution. In addition, catalysts reported so far, are also benchmarked based on their performance separately for different electrolytes used.
Bioinspired Binders Actively Controlling Ion Migration and Accommodating Volume Change in High Sulfur Loading Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Jin Biyu , Yang Lifeng , Zhang Jiawen , Cai Yongjie , Zhu Juan , Lu Jianguo , Hou Yang , He Qinggang , Xing Huabin , Zhan Xiaoli , Chen Fengqiu , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh‐loading lithium–sulfur batteries have gained considerable fame for possessing high area capacity, but face a stern challenge from capacity fading because of serious issues, including “polysulfides shuttling,” insulating S/Li2S, large volume changes, and the shedding of S/C particles during drying or the cell encapsulation process. Herein, a bioinspired water‐soluble binder framework is constructed via intermolecular physical cross‐linking of functional side chains hanging on the terpolymer binder. Experimental results and density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that this network binder featuring superior volume change accommodation can also capture lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) through strong anchoring of O, N+ actives to LiPSs by forming Li···O and N+···Sx2− bonds. In addition, the abundant negative charged sulfonate coordination sites and good electrolyte uptake of the designed binder endow the assembled cells with high lithium ion conductivity and fast lithium ion diffusion. Consequently, a remarkable capacity retention of 98% after 350 cycles at 1 C and a high areal capacity of 12.8 mA h cm−2 with high sulfur loading of 12.0 mg cm−2 are achieved by applying the environmentally friendly binder.
Determinants of low birth weight in India: An investigation from the National Family Health Survey
Authors: Khan Nizamuddin , Mozumdar Arupendra , Kaur Supreet 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the change in prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) over the last decade in India and to identify its associated factors—biological, demographic, socio‐economic, and programmatic.MethodsWe used the data from the National Family Health Survey of 2005‐2006 (NFHS‐3) and 2015‐2016 (NFHS‐4). The sample of this study included 11 300 children from NFHS‐3 and 99 894 from NFHS‐4 data; all these children were the last full‐term singleton live‐births, born within the last 3 years prior to the survey.ResultsIn India, the prevalence of LBW has significantly declined from 20.4% (95%CI 19.4‐21.4) to 16.4% (95% CI 16.1‐16.8) in the last decade. The prevalence of LBW remained high in girl children (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.2‐1.3; P < .001), whose mothers were adolescent (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1‐1.3; P < .001), and were stunted (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.3‐1.3; P < .001). Prevalence of LBW declined among second or higher birth order child (OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.8‐0.9; P < .001), whose mothers educated up to secondary level and above (OR = 0.6 to 0.8), belonged to rich wealth quintiles (OR = 0.9 to 0.8), were from rural area (OR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.9‐1.0; P < .001), received better nutrition and adequate antenatal care (OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.8‐0.8; P < .001), and were from eastern, northeastern, and southern regions of India (OR = 0.9 to 0.5).ConclusionAlthough the prevalence of LBW in India has declined over the past decade, the extent of the decline is modest. In the coming years, health programs in India need to gear up with greater convergence between maternal health services and maternal nutrition to reduce LBW.
Clinical report and biochemical analysis of a patient with fumarate hydratase deficiency
Authors: Grocott Olivia , Phanor Sabrina K. , Fung France , Thibert Ronald L. , Berkmen Melanie B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFumarate hydratase deficiency (FHD) is a rare metabolic disease caused by two defective copies of the FH gene, which encodes the Krebs cycle enzyme fumarase. FHD is associated with brain and developmental abnormalities, seizures, and high childhood mortality. We describe the symptoms and treatment of a patient with FHD. While infantile spasms are common in FHD, the patient presented with epileptic spasms later in childhood. Also unexpectedly, the patient responded excellently to lacosamide for her non‐convulsive status epilepticus and epileptic spasms after three first‐line medication trials failed. We biochemically analyzed the patient's two fumarase variants (E432Kfs*17 and D65G). While E432Kfs*17 was extremely enzymatically defective, D65G exhibited only a mild defect, possibly playing a role in the patient's longer survival.
5‐HT2AR and BDNF gene variants in eating disorders susceptibility
Authors: Ceccarini M. Rachele , Tasegian Anna , Franzago Marica , Patria F. Filomena , Albi Elisabetta , Codini Michela , Conte Carmela , Bertelli Matteo , Dalla Ragione Laura , Stuppia Liborio , Beccari Tommaso 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEvidence from family and twin studies points to a genetic contribution to the etiology of eating disorders (EDs), confirmed by the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with this group of disorders. Previous reports have suggested that the serotonin receptor (5‐HT2AR) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes could be both involved in EDs susceptibility. In order to provide further evidence about such association, we focused our attention on two SNPs located in these genes carrying out a genetic association study on a large Italian cohort composed of 556 ED patients and 355 controls (CTRs). Obtained results confirm the presence of an association between 5‐HT2AR and BDNF genes and the susceptibility to EDs.
Theranostic Layer‐by‐Layer Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Tumor Detection and Gene Silencing
Authors: Boehnke Natalie , Correa Santiago , Hao Liangliang , Wang Wade , Straehla Joelle P. , Bhatia Sangeeta N. , Hammond Paula T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLayer‐by‐layer nanoparticles (NPs) are modular drug delivery vehicles that incorporate multiple functional materials through sequential deposition of polyelectrolytes onto charged nanoparticle cores. Herein, we combined the multicomponent features and tumor targeting capabilities of layer‐by‐layer assembly with functional biosensing peptides to create a new class of nanotheranostics. These NPs encapsulate a high weight percentage of siRNA while also carrying a synthetic biosensing peptide on the surface that is cleaved into a urinary reporter upon exposure to specific proteases overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, this biosensor reports back on a molecular signature characteristic to metastatic tumors and associated with poor prognosis, MMP9 protease overexpression. This nanotheranostic mediates noninvasive urinary‐based diagnostics in mouse models of three different cancers with simultaneous gene silencing in flank and metastatic mouse models of ovarian cancer.
Antiperovskite Intermetallic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xia Wei , Shen Haoming , Guo Wenhan , Liang Zibin , Zhang Kexin , Wu Yingxiao , Zhu Bingjun , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAntiperovskite Co3InC0.7N0.3 nanomaterials with highly enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance were prepared by tuning nitrogen contents through a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived strategy. The nanomaterial surpasses all reported noble‐metal‐free antiperovskites and even most perovskites in terms of onset potential (0.957 V at J=0.1 mA cm−2) and half‐wave potential (0.854 V). The OER and zinc–air battery performance demonstrate its multifunctional oxygen catalytic activities. DFT calculation was performed and for the first time, a 4 e− dissociative ORR pathway on (200) facets of antiperovskite was revealed. Free energy studies showed that nitrogen substitution could strengthen the OH desorption as well as hydrogenation that accounts for the enhanced ORR performance. This work expands the scope for material design via tailoring the nitrogen contents for optimal reaction free energy and hence performance of the antiperovskite system.
“Design of Experiments” as a Method to Optimize Dynamic Disulfide Assemblies: Cages and Functionalizable Macrocycles
Authors: Shear Trevor A. , Lin Fuding , Zakharov Lev N. , Johnson Darren W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCyclophanes are a venerable class of macrocyclic and cage compounds that often contain unusual conformations, high strain, and unusual properties. However, synthesis of complex, functional derivatives remains difficult due to low functional group tolerance, high dilution, extreme reaction conditions, and sometimes low yields using traditional stepwise synthetic methods. “Design of experiments” (DOE) is a method employed for the optimization of reaction conditions, and we showcase this approach to generate a dramatic increase in the yield of specific targets from two different self‐assembling systems. These examples demonstrate that DOE provides an additional tool in tuning self‐assembling, dynamic covalent systems.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed [4+1] Cycloadditions of Allenes with Methyl Ketimines, Enamines, and a Primary Amine
Authors: Cao Ze‐Hun , Wang Yu‐Hao , Kalita Subarna Jyoti , Schneider Uwe , Huang Yi‐Yong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnprecedented phosphine‐catalyzed [4+1] cycloadditions of allenyl imides have been discovered using various N‐based substrates including methyl ketimines, enamines, and a primary amine. These transformations provide a one‐pot access to cyclopentenoyl enamines and imines, or (chiral) γ‐lactams through two geminal C−C bond or two C−N bond formations, respectively. Several P‐based key intermediates including a 1,4‐(bis)electrophilic α,β‐unsaturated ketenyl phosphonium species have been detected by 31P NMR and HRMS analyses, which shed light on the postulated catalytic cycle. The synthetic utility of this new chemistry has been demonstrated through a gram‐scaling up of the catalytic reaction as well as regioselective hydrogenation and double condensation to form cyclopentanoyl enamines and fused pyrazole building blocks, respectively.
Electrolyte Regulation towards Stable Lithium‐Metal Anodes in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Cathodes
Authors: Chen Wei‐Jing , Li Bo‐Quan , Zhao Chang‐Xin , Zhao Meng , Yuan Tong‐Qi , Sun Run‐Cang , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are highly regarded as the next‐generation energy‐storage devices because of their ultrahigh theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg−1. Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is considered a promising sulfur cathode to substitute carbon/sulfur (C/S) composites to afford higher Coulombic efficiency, improved cycling stability, and potential high‐energy‐density Li–SPAN batteries. However, the instability of the Li‐metal anode threatens the performances of Li–SPAN batteries bringing limited lifespan and safety hazards. Li‐metal can react with most kinds of electrolyte to generate a protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), electrolyte regulation is a widely accepted strategy to protect Li‐metal anodes in rechargeable batteries. Herein, the basic principles and current challenges of Li–SPAN batteries are addressed. Recent advances on electrolyte regulation towards stable Li‐metal anodes in Li–SPAN batteries are summarized to suggest design strategies of solvents, lithium salts, additives, and gel electrolyte. Finally, prospects for future electrolyte design and Li anode protection in Li–SPAN batteries are discussed.