bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of blood culture outcome using hybrid neural network model based on electronic health records
Authors: Cheng Ming , Zhao Xiaolei , Ding Xianfei , Gao Jianbo , Xiong Shufeng , Ren Yafeng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Blood cultures are often performed to detect patients who has a serious illness without infections and patients with bloodstream infections. Early positive blood culture prediction is important, as bloodstream infections may cause inflammation of the body, even organ failure or death. However, existing work mainly adopts statistical models with laboratory indicators, and fails to make full use of textual description information from EHRs.

Methods
We study the problem of positive blood culture prediction by using neural network model. Specifically, we first construct dataset from raw EHRs. Then we propose a hybrid neural network which incorporates attention based Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory and Autoencoder networks to fully capture the information in EHRs.

Results
In order to evaluate the proposed method, we constructe a dataset which consists of totally 5963 patients who had one or more blood cultures tests during hospitalization. Experimental results show that the proposed neural model gets 91.23% F-measure for this task.

Conclusions
The comparison results of different models demonstrated the effectiveness of our model. The proposed model outperformed traditional statistical models.
Consumer health information needs in China – a case study of depression based on a Social Q&A community
Authors: Zhao Wang , Lu Peixin , Yu Siwei , Lu Long 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The social Q&A community quickly becomes a popular platform for consumers to find health information because of its convenience and interactivity.

Methods
Based on the 10,861 depression questions collected in the Zhihu, the largest Q&A platform in China, we divided the healthy information needs description into nine categories with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). We also divided the healthy information needs type into Physiological, affective and cognitive needs based on the Wilson model.

Results
The results show that the largest categories are depression symptom and social activities while the less concerned health information is prevention and medical insurance. More attention is paid to cognitive needs. We also find there is no strong correlation between attention and needs type.

Conclusions
The purpose of this paper is to refine the consumer health information needs types to better understand the consumer health information characteristic in China.
The psychosis analysis in real-world on a cohort of large-scale patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Tan Wenyan , Lin Haicheng , Lei Baoxin , Ou Aihua , He Zehui , Yang Ning , Jia Fujun , Weng Heng , Hao Tianyong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
With China experiencing unprecedented economic development and social change over the past three decades, Chinese policy makers and health care professionals have come to view mental health as an important outcome to monitor. Our study conducted an epidemiological study of psychosis in Guangdong province, with 20 million real-world follow-up records in the last decade.

Methods
Data was collected from Guangdong mental health information platform from 2010 to 2019, which had standardized disease registration and follow-up management for nearly 600,000 patients with six categories of mental diseases and 400,000 patients with schizophrenia. We conducted clinical staging for the disease course of the patients and divided the data with various factors into different stages of disease. Quantitative analysis was utilized to investigate the high relevant indicators to the disease. The results were projected on geography map for regional distribution analysis.

Results
The majority cases of mental disease incidence were between the age of 15 and 29, while the peak age for both male and female was between 20 to 24 years old. The disease course with the largest number of patients’ cases was between 5 to 10 years. The therapeutic effect of patients gradually decreased with the development of disease course, while the risk increased with the disease course. The analysis of influencing factors showed that poor economic conditions incurred higher risk scores, and good medication adherence was effective in improving treatment outcomes. In addition, receiving good education contributed to the reduction of the risk of schizophrenia and the improvement of the efficiency of early treatment. Through the analysis of regional distribution of schizophrenia disease, developed economic conditions and favorable resource conditions could promote the reduction of disease risk, while in economically backward regions, it often accompanied with lower therapeutic effect and higher disease risk.

Conclusions
Certain demographic factors had a relatively prominent impact on the therapeutic effect and risk of schizophrenia, such as high-quality medication adherence. Therapeutic effect and risk were highly correlated. Backward economic conditions often associated with poor efficacy and higher risk assessment, and the developed economy and better medical resource are beneficial for the treatment of psychotic.
SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in an asymptomatic cancer cohort - results and consequences for clinical routine
Authors: Marschner Sebastian , Corradini Stefanie , Rauch Josefine , Zacharias Richard , Sujic Ana , Mayerle Julia , Petru Raluca , Grabein Béatrice , Keppler Oliver T. , Boelke Edwin , Belka Claus , Niyazi Maximilian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Starting in December 2019, the current pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) confronts the world with an unprecedented challenge. With no vaccine or drug being currently available to control the pandemic spread, prevention and PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) testing becomes a crucial pillar of medical systems. Aim of the present study was to report on the first results of the measures taken in a large German Department of Radiation Oncology, including PCR testing of asymptomatic cancer patients.

Methods
Pandemic-adapted hygiene regulations and prevention measures for patients and staff were implemented. A visiting ban on both wards was implemented from the beginning and medical staff and patients were required to wear face masks at all times. The waiting rooms were rearranged to ensure distance between patients of at least 1.5 m. Clinical follow up was mainly done by telephone and all patients had to complete a questionnaire regarding symptoms and contacts with COVID-19 patients before entering our department. Educational documents were created for patients to raise awareness of symptoms and avoidance strategies for interactions with other people. Indications for therapy and fractionation schemes were adapted when possible. In a subsequent step, all new asymptomatic patients were tested via nasopharyngeal swab at our screening station shortly before their simulation CT.

Results
All these measures and implementations have been well accepted semiquantitatively measured by the consent received from patients and staff. Regarding the PCR testing, only 1 out of 139 asymptomatic patients of our cohort so far tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, reflecting a prevalence of 0.72% in this cancer patient population. Up to this point no staff members was tested positive. The start of the treatment for the PCR-positive patient was deferred for 2 weeks.

Conclusion
Due to the pandemic-adapted implementations, our department seems well prepared during this crisis. The initial screening helps to identify asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in order to protect other patients and our staff from infection and the observed PCR prevalence is in line with comparable studies. A regular PCR testing (e.g. twice a week) of all patients and staff would in principle be desirable but is limited due to testing capacities at present.
Factors predicting symptoms of somatization, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, self-rated mental and physical health among recently arrived refugees in Germany
Authors: Nesterko Yuriy , Jäckle David , Friedrich Michael , Holzapfel Laura , Glaesmer Heide 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
There is a large body of research indicating increased prevalence rates of mental disorders among refugees. However, the vast majority of the evidence available on risk factors for mental disorders among refugees focuses on post-migration stressors and was collected in surveys that were conducted months and sometimes years after the participants had resettled.

Objective
In the present study, we analyze socio-demographic and flight-related characteristics as predictors for symptoms of somatization, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder as well as self-rated mental and physical health in recently arrived refugees (up to 4 weeks after arrival) in Germany.

Methods
The study was conducted in a reception facility for asylum-seekers in Leipzig, Germany. A total of 1316 adult individuals arrived at the facility during the survey period; 502 took part in the study. The questionnaire (self-administrated) included socio-demographic and flight-related questions as well as standardized instruments for assessing PTSD (PCL-5), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (HSCL-10) and somatization (SSS-8). Linear regression models were conducted to predict symptoms of different mental disorders as well as self-rated mental and physical health.

Results
Lack of information about family members and subjective need for health care were found to be significantly associated with symptoms of depression, somatization, anxiety, and PTSD. Better self-rated mental health was significantly associated with partnership, childlessness, lower number of traumatic events, and having information about family left behind. No associations were found between flight-related factors and symptom burden.

Conclusions
The results provide initial methodologically robust insights for research and health care services, which should aid in better identifying newly arrived refugees in need of psychosocial care. Furthermore, the results might help answering the question of how to provide health care for highly vulnerable groups within refugee populations regardless their residential status.
Transcriptional responses in Parascaris univalens after in vitro exposure to ivermectin, pyrantel citrate and thiabendazole
Authors: Martin Frida , Dube Faruk , Karlsson Lindsjö Oskar , Eydal Matthías , Höglund Johan , Bergström Tomas F. , Tydén Eva 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundParascaris univalensis a pathogenic parasite of foals and yearlings worldwide. In recent years,Parascarisspp. worms have developed resistance to several of the commonly used anthelmintics, though currently the mechanisms behind this development are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the transcriptional responses in adultP. univalensworms afterin vitroexposure to different concentrations of three anthelmintic drugs, focusing on drug targets and drug metabolising pathways.MethodsAdult worms were collected from the intestines of two foals at slaughter. The foals were naturally infected and had never been treated with anthelmintics. Worms were incubated in cell culture media containing different concentrations of either ivermectin (10−9 M, 10−11 M, 10−13 M), pyrantel citrate (10−6 M, 10−8 M, 10−10 M), thiabendazole (10−5 M, 10−7 M, 10−9 M) or without anthelmintics (control) at 37 °C for 24 h. After incubation, the viability of the worms was assessed and RNA extracted from the anterior region of 36 worms and sequenced on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system.ResultsAll worms were alive at the end of the incubation but showed varying degrees of viability depending on the drug and concentration used. Differential expression (Padj < 0.05 and log2 fold change ≥ 1 or ≤ − 1) analysis showed similarities and differences in the transcriptional response after exposure to the different drug classes. Candidate genes upregulated or downregulated in drug exposed worms include members of the phase I metabolic pathway short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (SDR), flavin containing monooxygenase superfamily (FMO) and cytochrome P450-family (CYP), as well as members of the membrane transporters major facilitator superfamily (MFS) and solute carrier superfamily (SLC). Generally, different targets of the anthelmintics used were found to be upregulated and downregulated in an unspecific pattern after drug exposure, apart from the GABA receptor subunitlgc-37, which was upregulated only in worms exposed to 10−9 M of ivermectin.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first time the expression of lgc-37 and members of the FMO, SDR, MFS and SLC superfamilies have been described inP. univalensand future work should be focused on characterising these candidate genes to further explore their potential involvement in drug metabolism and anthelmintic resistance.
An interpersonal nutrition campaign and maternal knowledge and childhood feeding practices: a case study from mothers in rural Indonesia
Authors: Starkweather Cecily , Guarino Ayla , Bennion Natalie , Cottam Malynne , McGhie Josie , Dearden Kirk A. , Santika Otte , Jusril Hafizah , Hall Cougar , Crookston Benjamin T. , Linehan Mary , Torres Scott , Bennett Cudjoe , West Joshua H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which a national nutrition communication campaign (NNCC) intervention providing interpersonal communication (IPC) was associated with improved knowledge and behaviors related to feeding practices among mothers with children under two years of age in rural Indonesia.

Methods
Data came from a follow-up, cross-sectional survey of 1734 mothers. Key outcomes of interest were minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet, as defined by the World Health Organization. Associations between exposure to the NNCC intervention and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) knowledge and behaviors were analyzed using adjusted linear and logistic regression, controlling for age, education, and income.

Results
A total of 525 mothers reported exposure to IPC interventions (30.3%). Participation in IPC was associated with increased knowledge of feeding practices (p < .0001). Separately, knowledge of feeding practices was related to achieving recommended behavioral practices of minimum meal frequency (p = 0.019), dietary diversity (p = 0.013), adequate diet (p < .001).

Conclusion
These findings underscore the value of increasing maternal knowledge of IYCF practices through IPC interventions as a way to improve behavioral practices and address stunting in rural Indonesia.
Internet addiction and associated factors among medical and allied health sciences students in northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mboya Innocent B. , Leyaro Beatrice John , Kongo Alberto , Mkombe Charles , Kyando Eliah , George Johnston 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundInternet addiction is one of the fast-growing addictive behaviors and is a significant public health problem affecting a large number of people worldwide. Excessive use of the internet among university students increases their risk of internet addiction and related negative consequences. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with internet addiction among medical and allied health sciences students in northern Tanzania.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo) from May to June 2018. A total of 500 consenting undergraduate students were sampled using the Simple Random Sampling technique proportional to the size of each class and a self-administered questionnaire used to collect data. Internet addiction was measured using a 20-item internet addiction test (IAT-20). Generalized linear model with Poisson family and log link function was used to estimate prevalence ratio (PR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with internet addiction.ResultsThe prevalence of internet addiction was 31%. Undergraduate students using the internet at the college were less likely to be addicted to internet (PR = 0.45, 95%CI 0.23, 0.86,p = 0.02) compared to those using both at the hostel/home and college. Higher prevalence of internet addiction was among those who used internet for a long time, i.e., 5 h or more per day (PR = 1.84, 95%CI 1.30, 2.63,p = 0.001) and for social networking (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.17, 2.31,p = 0.004) compared to those who used for less than 5 h per day and academic purposes, respectively.ConclusionsThirty-one percent of undergraduate students in northern Tanzania were addicted to the internet. Internet addiction was associated with using the internet at the college, a long time using the internet per day, and social networking. The college administration should put effort into improving the accessibility, reliability, and regulation of college internet services to promote learning and academic productivity. We also recommend awareness creation intervention about the harmful consequences of excessive internet use in this population. More studies are needed to determine the burden of mental, psychological, and social problems associated with internet addiction in high-risk populations, and associated consequences.
Complex I reductions in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Lewy body dementia: the role of Lewy bodies
Authors: Hatton Christopher , Reeve Amy , Lax Nichola Zoe , Blain Alasdair , Ng Yi Shiau , El-Agnaf Omar , Attems Johannes , Taylor John-Paul , Turnbull Doug , Erskine Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) are vulnerable to Lewy body formation and neuronal loss, which is thought to underlie cognitive dysfunction in Lewy body dementia (LBD). There is continued debate about whether Lewy bodies exert a neurodegenerative effect by affecting mitochondria, or whether they represent a protective mechanism. Therefore, the present study sought to determine whether the nbM is subject to mitochondrial dysfunctional in LBD and the association of Lewy body formation with such changes. Post-mortem nbM tissue was stained for Complex I or IV and quantitated relative to porin with immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy of individual cells from LBD (303 neurons, 8 cases), control (362 neurons, 8 cases) and asymptomatic incidental LBD (iLBD) cases (99 neurons, 2 cases). Additionally, α-synuclein, tau and amyloid-β pathology were analysed using quantitative immunohistochemistry, and respiratory chain markers were compared in cells with Lewy bodies (N = 134) and unaffected cells (N = 272). The expression of Complex I normalised to mitochondrial mass was significantly lower in LBD compared to control and iLBD cases and this was unrelated to local neuropathological burdens but trended toward a relationship with neuronal loss. Furthermore, Complex I expression was higher in cells with Lewy bodies compared to adjacent cells without α-synuclein aggregates. These findings suggest that Complex I deficits in the nbM occur in symptomatic LBD cases and may relate to neuronal loss, but that contrary to the view that Lewy body formation underlies neuronal dysfunction and damage in LBD, Lewy bodies are associated with higher Complex I expression than neurons without Lewy bodies. One could speculate that Lewy bodies may provide a mechanism to encapsulate damaged mitochondria and/or α-synuclein oligomers, thus protecting neurons from their cytotoxic effects.
OsamorSoft: clustering index for comparison and quality validation in high throughput dataset
Authors: Osamor Ifeoma Patricia , Osamor Victor Chukwudi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe existence of some differences in the results obtained from varying clustering k-means algorithms necessitated the need for a simplified approach in validation of cluster quality obtained. This is partly because of differences in the way the algorithms select their first seed or centroid either randomly, sequentially or some other principles influences which tend to influence the final result outcome. Popular external cluster quality validation and comparison models require the computation of varying clustering indexes such as Rand, Jaccard, Fowlkes and Mallows, Morey and Agresti Adjusted Rand Index (ARIMA) and Hubert and Arabie Adjusted Rand Index (ARIHA). In literature, Hubert and Arabie Adjusted Rand Index (ARIHA) has been adjudged as a good measure of cluster validity. Based on ARIHA as a popular clustering quality index, we developed OsamorSoft which constitutes DNA_Omatrix and OsamorSpreadSheet as a tool for cluster quality validation in high throughput analysis. The proposed method will help to bridge the yawning gap created by lesser number of friendly tools available to externally evaluate the ever-increasing number of clustering algorithms. Our implementation was tested alongside with clusters created with four k-means algorithms using malaria microarray data. Furthermore, our results evolved a compact 4-stage OsamorSpreadSheet statistics that our easy-to-use GUI java and spreadsheet-based tool of OsamorSoft uses for cluster quality comparison. It is recommended that a framework be evolved to facilitate the simplified integration and automation of several other cluster validity indexes for comparative analysis of big data problems.
Tackling the blind spot of poor-quality medicines in Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Orubu E. S. F. , Ching C. , Zaman M. H. , Wirtz V. J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is challenged by the prevalence of poor-quality medicines, those that either do not meet required specifications (substandard) or are outrightly fraudulent (falsified), especially in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, LMICs. Whereas poor-quality medicines are a significant burden in these countries, medicine quality still remains a neglected component of UHC programs. This article describes key barriers to quality medicines and presents five select approaches leveraging the scale-up of UHC for medicine quality assurance.

Main body
Barriers to medicine quality assurance, while numerous, are described in five key inter-related domains as: low political priority, weak regulatory systems capacity, poor access to accredited facilities and licensed outlets, medicine manufacturing and other supply-chain challenges, and lack of public awareness. Five select approaches for leveraging the scale-up of UHC for medicine quality assurance in LMICs are (1): political commitment (2) strengthening the capacity of regulatory authorities and investment in detection technologies as part of national security (3); licensing of medicines outlets and expanding pharmacovigilance (4); strengthening the supply-chain; and (5) public awareness and participation.

Conclusions
Unchecked, poor-quality medicines can jeopardize UHC. National governments in LMICs need to prioritize medicine quality assurance through enforcing policies, regulatory strengthening and investments in technologies. Healthcare facilities and insurance schemes under UHC also play critical roles through incorporating medicine quality assurance into procurement practices and by promoting awareness among beneficiaries. Tackling medicine quality with a committed systems approach will enhance progress towards UHC implementation.