bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Administration of Zingiber zerumbet extract on performances and haematological parameters of broiler chickens
Authors: Samadi S , Wajizah S , Tarman A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Due to the prohibition of antibiotics administration as feed additives in animal production, nutritionists need to develop strategies as replacement of antibiotics in animal feed. Phytogenic which is considered as replacement of antibiotic has been used widely in animal feed to promote growth and improve animal health. This experiment aimed to evaluate the use of Zingiber zerumbet extract on performance [BW, FI, and FCR] and hematological parameters of broiler chicken. A number of 100 mixed-sex broiler chickens were randomly allocated according to various treatment groups. Each treatment was administrated different levels of Z. zerumbet extract [P1=control, P2=0.025% of Z. zerumbet extract in the water, P3=0.050 % of Z. zerumbet extract in the water, and P4=0.025% of Z. zerumbet extract in the water]. Chickens were provided commercial feed with a nutrient requirement for started and growers. Water and feed were supplied ad libitum. Parameter observed in this experiment was broiler performance including BW, FI, and FCE each week up to 4 weeks and hematological parameter. One-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] was applied to determine the statistical difference by using SPSS. The significant differences between treatment were stated [P≤0.05]. The results of the experiment indicated that the use of Z. zerumbet in the water was not significantly different [P≥0.05] on chicken performance [BW, FI, and FCE]. Administration of Z. zerumbet extract in the water did not influence [P≥0.05] hematological parameters of broiler [hemoglobin, erythrosine, and thrombosis]. In conclusion, Z. zerumbet can be used as alternatives to feed additives to replace antibiotics in animal production.
Influential factors of animal food consumption in West Sumatera Province [application of almost ideal demand system model]
Authors: Ermanda A P , Jafrinur J , Hellyward J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the pattern of consumption of beef, poultry, and fish in households in West Sumatera Province and the factors that influence the demand for beef, poultry, and fish in households in West Sumatera Province. This study used an econometric approach by building a model of the demand function for beef, poultry and fish commodities using raw data from the Survey Sosial Ekonomi Nasional [SUSENAS] for West Sumatera Province in 2018. The total sample was 100 households. Data were analyzed using the Almost Ideal Demand System [AIDS] analysis method. The consumption pattern of demand for beef, poultry meat and fish is characterized by R2 by 0.8233, meaning that 82.33% in the proportion of expenditure on animal foods can be explained by the variables used in the model. Variables that influence the demand for meat with a level of 95% are the prices of each commodity in the form of beef, poultry and fish, educational level of housewives [dummy for higher education and low education] and total household expenditure. Variables that influence the demand for meat with a level of 90% are the number of household members. Variables that influence the demand for meat with a level of 0% are the area of residence of the household [dummy for urban and rural] and the age of the household mother.
Metasubtract: an R-package to analytically produce leave-one-out meta-analysis GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Nolte Ilja M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Summary
Summary statistics from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (meta-GWAS) can be used for many follow-up analyses. One valuable application is the creation of polygenic scores. However, if polygenic scores are calculated in a validation cohort that was part of the meta-GWAS consortium, this cohort is not independent and analyses will therefore yield inflated results. The R package ‘MetaSubtract’ was developed to subtract the results of the validation cohort from meta-GWAS summary statistics analytically. The statistical formulas for a meta-analysis were inverted to compute corrected summary statistics of a meta-GWAS leaving one (or more) cohort(s) out. These formulas have been implemented in MetaSubtract for different meta-analyses methods (fixed effects inverse variance or square root sample size weighted z-score) accounting for no, single or double genomic control correction. Results obtained by MetaSubtract correlate very well to those calculated using the traditional way, i.e. by performing a meta-analysis leaving out the validation cohort. In conclusion, MetaSubtract allows researchers to compute meta-GWAS summary statistics that are independent of the GWAS results of the validation cohort without requiring access to the cohort level GWAS results of the corresponding meta-GWAS consortium.

Availability and implementation
https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MetaSubtract.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Exploring Carers’ Experiences and Perceptions of Special Guardianship Orders (SGOs) over Time, from the Point of Applying to Now
Authors: Woodward Katie , Melia Yvonne , Combes Helen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In 2005, Special Guardianship Orders (SGOs) came into law in England enabling carers to take full legal responsibility for all aspects of a child’s care, and to therefore provide a foundation to build a life-long permanent relationship. To date, little research has been carried out with a particular emphasis on SGOs, and the impact that they have. Q-Methodology explored carers’ experiences and perceptions of SGOs over time, from the point at which carers applied for the SGO until now. Ten participants each completed three Q-Sorts by way of sorting 47 statements. Seven factors emerged from the Factor Analysis but only five were found to be significant (Eigenvalues above 1.0). The factors reflected variance in Special Guardian’s perceptions of preparation for and understanding of their role, role reward, obligation to take on the role, levels of support, relationship with the birth family and their bond with the child(ren) in their care. This study provides an insight into the experiences of carers-granted SGOs. The similarities and differences in these viewpoints are discussed. The findings suggest that more time and preparation is needed to ensure that carers are better prepared to manage any difficulties that may arise.
Negative and Positive Interethnic Contact and the Association of Ethnic Neighbourhood Composition with Trust, Cohesion, and Prejudice
Authors: Kros Mathijs , Hewstone Miles 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study extends the literature on the relationship between ethnic neighbourhood composition and cohesion, trust, and prejudice, by considering the influence of both positive and negative interethnic contact. We employ multilevel structural equation modelling, with individuals nested in neighbourhoods, using a unique dataset collected in England in 2017 amongst 1,520 White British and 1,474 Asian British respondents. Our results show that negative interethnic contact, unlike positive interethnic contact, is not related to ethnic neighbourhood composition. Specifically, White British people who live in neighbourhoods with relatively many Asian British people have, as expected, more positive but, encouragingly, not more negative interethnic contact. For Asian people, living in neighbourhoods with relatively many White people is unrelated to both their positive and negative interethnic contact. Furthermore, White and Asian people who have more positive interethnic contact score higher on perceived cohesion, general trust, and outgroup trust and lower on prejudice. The opposite holds true for White and Asian people who have more negative interethnic contact.
Is polypharmacy beneficial or detrimental for older adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity? Pooled analysis of studies from Hong Kong and Europe
Authors: Cheung Johnny T K , Yu Ruby , Woo Jean 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhysicians often prescribe high numbers of medications for managing multiple cardiometabolic diseases. It is questionable whether polypharmacy (concurrent use of five or more medications) is beneficial or detrimental for older adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (co-occurrence of two or more diseases).ObjectiveTo examine combined effects of multimorbidity and polypharmacy on hospitalization and frailty and to determine whether effect sizes of polypharmacy vary with numbers of cardiometabolic diseasesMethodsWe pooled longitudinal data of community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong, Israel, and 17 European countries. They completed questionnaires for baseline assessment from 2015 to 2018 and reassessment at 1–2-year follow-up. We performed regression analyses to address the objective.ResultsAmong 44 818 participants (mean age: 69.6 years), 28.3% had polypharmacy and 34.8% suffered from cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Increased risks of hospitalization and worsening frailty were found in participants with ‘multimorbidity alone’ [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.10 and 1.26] and ‘polypharmacy alone’ (AOR 1.57 and 1.68). With ‘multimorbidity and ‘polypharmacy’ combined, participants were not at additive risks (AOR 1.53 and 1.47). In stratified analysis, with increasing numbers of cardiometabolic diseases, associations of polypharmacy with hospitalization and frailty were attenuated but remained statistically significant.ConclusionPolypharmacy is less detrimental, yet still detrimental, for older adults living with cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Physicians should optimize prescription regardless of the number of diseases. Health policymakers and researchers need to consider their interrelationship in hospitalization risk predictions and in developing frailty scales.
The causal effects of health conditions and risk factors on social and socioeconomic outcomes: Mendelian randomization in UK Biobank
Authors: Harrison Sean , Davies Alisha R , Dickson Matt , Tyrrell Jessica , Green Michael J , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Campbell Desmond , Munafò Marcus , Dixon Padraig , Jones Hayley E , Rice Frances , Davies Neil M , Howe Laura D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
We aimed to estimate the causal effect of health conditions and risk factors on social and socioeconomic outcomes in UK Biobank. Evidence on socioeconomic impacts is important to understand because it can help governments, policy makers and decision makers allocate resources efficiently and effectively.

Methods
We used Mendelian randomization to estimate the causal effects of eight health conditions (asthma, breast cancer, coronary heart disease, depression, eczema, migraine, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes) and five health risk factors [alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking] on 19 social and socioeconomic outcomes in 336 997 men and women of White British ancestry in UK Biobank, aged between 39 and 72 years. Outcomes included annual household income, employment, deprivation [measured by the Townsend deprivation index (TDI)], degree-level education, happiness, loneliness and 13 other social and socioeconomic outcomes.

Results
Results suggested that BMI, smoking and alcohol intake affect many socioeconomic outcomes. For example, smoking was estimated to reduce household income [mean difference = -£22 838, 95% confidence interval (CI): -£31 354 to -£14 321] and the chance of owning accommodation [absolute percentage change (APC) = -20.8%, 95% CI: -28.2% to -13.4%], of being satisfied with health (APC = -35.4%, 95% CI: -51.2% to -19.5%) and of obtaining a university degree (APC = -65.9%, 95% CI: -81.4% to -50.4%), while also increasing deprivation (mean difference in TDI = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.44, approximately 216% of a decile of TDI). There was evidence that asthma decreased household income, the chance of obtaining a university degree and the chance of cohabiting, and migraine reduced the chance of having a weekly leisure or social activity, especially in men. For other associations, estimates were null.

Conclusions
Higher BMI, alcohol intake and smoking were all estimated to adversely affect multiple social and socioeconomic outcomes. Effects were not detected between health conditions and socioeconomic outcomes using Mendelian randomization, with the exceptions of depression, asthma and migraines. This may reflect true null associations, selection bias given the relative health and age of participants in UK Biobank, and/or lack of power to detect effects.
Is digital always better? Comparing two English print dictionaries with their digital counterparts
Authors: Ferrett Emma , Dollinger Stefan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper we discuss advantages and disadvantages of e-dictionaries over print dictionaries in order to answer one increasingly relevant question: is digital always better? We compare the e-content from Oxford University Press and Merriam-Webster flagship dictionaries against their most recent print counterparts. The resulting data shows that the move from print to digital, against popular perception, results in a loss of lexicographical detail and scope. After assessing the user-friendliness of the e-dictionaries’ sites in both desktop and mobile app formats, we conclude that Merriam-Webster currently utilizes the digital medium somewhat better, while Oxford University Press is the current market leader in collaborations with tech giants such as Google. Most crucially, however, both companies have yet to devise and implement optimal ways to balance advertising noise and lexicographical content. Finally, we compare the virtual popularity of e-dictionaries according to their social media efforts and product partnerships. The greatest problem e-dictionaries currently face is that content does routinely change in unspecified and even undocumented ways. Despite these significant disadvantages, the convenience of mobile online accessibility appears to outweigh the concern with the reliability and quality of content.
Multisectoral Approach to Support Use of Insecticide-Treated Net for Malaria Prevention Among Mobile and Migrant Populations in Myanmar: A Systematic Review
Authors: Naing Cho , Whittaker Maxine A , Tanner Marcel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Myanmar is a premalaria elimination country with artemisinin-resistant malaria. A strategy for transmission control is focused on vulnerable groups such as mobile and migrant populations (MMPs), and includes improving access to insecticide-treated bed nets in the Myanmar artemisinin resistance containment (MARC) zones using multisectoral approaches (MSA).

Methods
This narrative systematic review addressed MSAs targeted to MMPs in Myanmar for malaria prevention. We searched relevant studies in electronic databases and present the narrative findings in 4 domains: stakeholder groups, net coverage and utilization, social determinates, and facilitators/barriers.

Results
Nine studies were included. The review identified stakeholders involved in intersectoral collaboration. Net ownership was higher than utilization rates in the MARC zones and rates remained below the WHO recommended target of 100%. There was inadequate description of roles and responsibilities for implementation and on channels of communication within the partnerships and with the Government.

Conclusions
Findings show that interventions to distribute treated bed nets were supported by the multiple stakeholders. Due to the design of the primary studies, analysis of the added value of intersectoral collaboration was limited. More attention must be paid to designing studies to document and evaluate the contributions and outcomes of intersectoral collaboration.
Susceptibility trends of ceftolozane/tazobactam and comparators when tested against European Gram-negative bacterial surveillance isolates collected during 2012–18
Authors: Sader Helio S , Carvalhaes Cecilia G , Duncan Leonard R , Flamm Robert K , Shortridge Dee 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The Program to Assess Ceftolozane/Tazobactam Susceptibility (PACTS) monitors the in vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and numerous antimicrobial agents against Gram-negative bacteria worldwide.

Objectives
To evaluate the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam and resistance trends among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales isolates in Europe between 2012 and 2018.

Methods
P. aeruginosa (7503) and Enterobacterales (30 582) isolates were collected from 53 medical centres in 26 countries in Europe and the Mediterranean region and tested for susceptibility by reference broth microdilution method in a central laboratory. MIC results were interpreted using EUCAST criteria.

Results
Ceftolozane/tazobactam was the most active compound tested against P. aeruginosa isolates after colistin, with overall susceptibility rates of 94.1% in Western Europe and 80.9% in Eastern Europe. Moreover, ceftolozane/tazobactam retained activity against 75.2% and 59.2% of meropenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa isolates in Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. Tobramycin was the third most active compound tested against P. aeruginosa, with susceptibility rates of 88.6% and 70.9% in Western and Eastern Europe, respectively. Ceftolozane/tazobactam was active against 94.5% of all Enterobacterales and 96.1% of meropenem-susceptible isolates from Western Europe. In Eastern Europe, ceftolozane/tazobactam was active against 79.4% of Enterobacterales overall and 86.2% of meropenem-susceptible isolates.

Discussion
Antimicrobial susceptibility rates for agents commonly used to treat serious systemic infections varied widely among nations and geographic regions and were generally lower in Eastern Europe compared with Western Europe. Ceftolozane/tazobactam demonstrated potent activity against P. aeruginosa, including MDR strains, and retained activity against most meropenem-susceptible Enterobacterales causing infection in European medical centres.
Formal representation of patients’ care context data: the path to improving the electronic health record
Authors: Colicchio Tiago K , Dissanayake Pavithra I , Cimino James J 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a collection of concept-relationship-concept tuples to formally represent patients’ care context data to inform electronic health record (EHR) development.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed semantic relationships reported in the literature and developed a manual annotation schema. We used the initial schema to annotate sentences extracted from narrative note sections of cardiology, urology, and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) notes. We audio recorded ENT visits and annotated their parsed transcripts. We combined the results of each annotation into a consolidated set of concept-relationship-concept tuples. We then compared the tuples used within and across the multiple data sources.ResultsWe annotated a total of 626 sentences. Starting with 8 relationships from the literature, we annotated 182 sentences from 8 inpatient consult notes (initial set of tuples = 43). Next, we annotated 232 sentences from 10 outpatient visit notes (enhanced set of tuples = 75). Then, we annotated 212 sentences from transcripts of 5 outpatient visits (final set of tuples = 82). The tuples from the visit transcripts covered 103 (74%) concepts documented in the notes of their respective visits. There were 20 (24%) tuples used across all data sources, 10 (12%) used only in inpatient notes, 15 (18%) used only in visit notes, and 7 (9%) used only in the visit transcripts.ConclusionsWe produced a robust set of 82 tuples useful to represent patients’ care context data. We propose several applications of our tuples to improve EHR navigation, data entry, learning health systems, and decision support.
The Extended Theoretical Model of Communal Coping: Understanding the Properties and Functionality of Communal Coping
Authors: Afifi Tamara D , Basinger Erin D , Kam Jennifer A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Most of the research on communal coping (CC) has assumed and found that it can enhance health, as well as strengthen entire communities, under stressful circumstances. Nevertheless, recent research has questioned the seemingly inherent benefits of CC. This article rectifies these discrepancies in the literature in a new, extended theoretical model of CC that crosses interpersonal, family, health, organizational, intercultural, and small group communication, as well as psychology and public health. In so doing, we (a) provide a deeper understanding of the functionality of CC for resilience and thriving across subfields within Communication and other disciplines, (b) clarify the concept of CC and describe how it is constructed and revealed through communication, (c) address problematic ways researchers measure CC, and (d) demonstrate the processual nature of it. Future directions are suggested.
Meaning Multiplicity Across Communication Subfields: Bridging the Gaps
Authors: Boxman-Shabtai Lillian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSubdisciplines in communication studies have developed competing and self-contained theories of meaning multiplicity. Arguing that this fragmented scholarship falls short of grasping the full scope of the phenomenon, this article offers Decoding Convergence–Divergence (DCD) as an interdisciplinary analytical and conceptual framework. Synthesizing principles from cognitive, cultural, and speaker-centered approaches to meaning multiplicity, this framework was applied in a study that examined news coverage of a CEO’s initiative to address income inequality and its reception by different segments of the American audience. The study’s results provide a novel demonstration of the joint contribution of opposing theories to the understanding of meaning multiplicity. Specifically, it found that textual polysemy, partisan selective perception, and the use of strategic ambiguity coalesced in the interpretive dynamics of this story. Based on these results, the article discusses the contribution of DCD to bridging competing approaches and the potential applications of the framework.
Leveraging genome-enabled growth models to study shoot growth responses to water deficit in rice
Authors: Campbell Malachy T , Grondin Alexandre , Walia Harkamal , Morota Gota 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElucidating genotype-by-environment interactions and partitioning its contribution to phenotypic variation remains a challenge for plant scientists. We propose a framework that utilizes genome-wide markers to model genotype-specific shoot growth trajectories as a function of time and soil water availability. A rice diversity panel was phenotyped daily for 21 d using an automated, high-throughput image-based, phenotyping platform that enabled estimation of daily shoot biomass and soil water content. Using these data, we modeled shoot growth as a function of time and soil water content, and were able to determine the time point where an inflection in the growth trajectory occurred. We found that larger, more vigorous plants exhibited an earlier repression in growth compared with smaller, slow-growing plants, indicating a trade-off between early vigor and tolerance to prolonged water deficits. Genomic inference for model parameters and time of inflection (TOI) identified several candidate genes. This study is the first to utilize a genome-enabled growth model to study drought responses in rice, and presents a new approach to jointly model dynamic morpho-physiological responses and environmental covariates.