bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bausteine zur Integration des Natur- und Umweltschutzes in eine zukunftsfähige Agrarpolitik
Authors: Feindt Peter H. , Krämer Christine , Früh-Müller Andrea , Heißenhuber Alois , Pahl-Wostl Claudia , Purnhagen Kai P. , Thomas Fabian , van Bers Caroline , Wolters Volkmar 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel diskutiert die verschiedenen Instrumente der Agrarpolitik im Hinblick auf ihren Beitrag zur Realisierung des Leitbilds einer multifunktionalen, natur- und umweltverträglichen Landwirtschaft: Ordnungsrecht und gesetzliche Mindeststandards für die landwirtschaftliche Praxis, Budgetausstattung und -aufteilung, flächenbezogene Direktzahlungen, regional und standörtlich ausgerichtete Zahlungen, Zusammenspiel mit nicht-staatlichen Standards und öffentlich-privater Ko-Regulierung, Monitoring- und Sanktionssysteme, sowie unterstützende Elemente wie Beratung und verbraucherorientierte Maßnahmen. Die Analyse zeigt, dass bei jedem Element der Agrarpolitik verschiedene Instrumenten-Varianten mehr oder weniger zur Verwirklichung des Leitbildes beitragen. Nur eine Kombination aller Bausteine kann die verschiedenen agrarpolitischen Problemkomplexe lösen. Ein guter Politikansatz erfordert dabei sowohl ein überzeugendes Gesamtkonzept als auch eine geeignete Ausgestaltung der einzelnen Instrumente.
Skizzierung und Bewertung umweltpolitischer Strategien für eine zukünftige Agrar- und Umweltpolitik
Authors: Feindt Peter H. , Krämer Christine , Früh-Müller Andrea , Heißenhuber Alois , Pahl-Wostl Claudia , Purnhagen Kai P. , Thomas Fabian , van Bers Caroline , Wolters Volkmar 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel formuliert und bewertet drei strategische Optionen für den ergebnisorientierteren Einsatz der erheblichen Finanzmittel der Agrarpolitik: (1) eine stärkere Verknüpfung der Direktzahlungen mit der Erbringung von öffentlichen Leistungen, etwa durch anspruchsvollere Cross-Compliance- und Greening-Anforderungen, (2) eine Mittelumschichtung von den flächenbezogenen Direktzahlungen hin zu stärker ziel- und ergebnisorientierten Maßnahmen der Zweiten Säule und/oder (3) ein Übergang zu einem integrierten System aufeinander aufbauender Prämien und Programme, welche sich zusammen mit einem verbesserten Ordnungsrecht systematisch auf die Natur- und Umweltschutzprobleme im Agrarsektor richten. Weiterhin diskutieren wir eine mögliche Umstellung der Regulierungslogik im Agrarsektor auf „prinzipienbasierte Regulation“. Die Voraussetzungen und Implikationen der verschiedenen Optionen werden analysiert und die jeweilige Machbarkeit, Effektivität, Effizienz und die Konstellationen von Unterstützern und Gegnern abgeschätzt.
Entanglement branes, modular flow, and extended topological quantum field theory
Authors: Donnelly William , Wong Gabriel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEntanglement entropy is an important quantity in field theory, but its definition poses some challenges. The naive definition involves an extension of quantum field theory in which one assigns Hilbert spaces to spatial sub-regions. For two-dimensional topological quantum field theory we show that the appropriate extension is the open-closed topological quantum field theory of Moore and Segal. With the addition of one additional axiom characterizing the “entanglement brane” we show how entanglement calculations can be cast in this framework. We use this formalism to calculate modular Hamiltonians, entanglement entropy and negativity in two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory and relate these to singularities in the modular ow. As a byproduct we find that the negativity distinguishes between the “log dim R” edge term and the “Shannon” edge term. We comment on the possible application to understanding the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy in two-dimensional gravity.
Fluoroscopically guided acetabular posterior column screw fixation via an anterior approach
Authors: Krappinger Dietmar , Schwendinger Peter , Lindtner Richard A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
Safe posterior column screw fixation via an anterior approach under two-dimensional fluoroscopic control.

Indications
Anterior column with posterior hemitransverse fractures (ACPHF); transverse fractures; two-column fractures and T‑type fractures without relevant residual displacement of the posterior column after reduction of the anterior column and the quadrilateral plate.

Contraindication
Acetabular fractures requiring direct open reduction via a posterior approach; very narrow osseous corridor in preoperative planning; insufficient intraoperative fluoroscopic visualization of the anatomical landmarks.

Surgical technique
Preoperative planning of the starting point and screw trajectory using a standard pelvic CT scan and a multiplanar reconstruction tool. Intraoperative fluoroscopically controlled identification of the starting point using the anterior–posterior (ap) view. Advancing the guidewire under fluoroscopic control using the lateral–oblique view. Lag screw fixation of the posterior column with cannulated screws.

Postoperative management
Partial weight bearing as advised by the surgeon. Postoperative CT scan for the assessment of screw position and quality of reduction of the posterior column. Generally no implant removal.

Results
In a series of 100 pelvic CT scans, the mean posterior angle of the ideal posterior column screw trajectory was 28.0° (range 11.1–46.2°) to the coronal plane and the mean medial angle was 21.6° (range 8.0–35.0°) to the sagittal plane. The maximum screw length was 106.3 mm (range 82.1–135.0 mm). Twelve patients were included in this study: 10 ACPHF and 2 transverse fractures. The residual maximum displacement of the posterior column fracture component in the postoperative CT scan was 1.4 mm (0–4 mm). There was one intraarticular screw penetration and one perforation of the cortical bone in the transition zone between the posterior column and the sciatic tuber without neurological impairment.
Prognostic Impact of the Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio in Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgical Resection
Authors: Kubo Hirokazu , Murakami Takashi , Matsuyama Ryusei , Yabushita Yasuhiro , Tsuchiya Nobuhiro , Sawada Yu , Homma Yuki , Kumamoto Takafumi , Endo Itaru 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that cancer‐associated inflammation, as indicated by markers such as the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), predicts poor outcomes in pancreatic cancer. In this study, the associations between systemic inflammation markers and survival were examined in borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (BR‐PDAC) patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) followed by surgical resection.MethodsFrom April 2009 to December 2017, 119 patients diagnosed with BR‐PDAC and receiving NACRT followed by radical surgery were included in this retrospective study. The associations between the pre‐ and post‐NACRT NLR, PLR, mGPS, and clinicopathological characteristics, as well as their predictive values for survival outcomes, were analyzed. This study was approved by an institutional review board at Yokohama City University (B180600049).ResultsOn multivariate analysis with a Cox's proportional hazards regression model, post‐NACRT NLR ≥3 (p = 0.040; hazard ratio, 2.24; 95% CI 1.28–3.91) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002; hazard ratio, 2.33; 95% CI 1.36–3.99) were significantly associated with shorter overall survival. The median survival time was 22.0 months for patients with post‐NACRT NLR ≥3 and 45.0 months for patients with post‐NACRT NLR <3 (p = 0.028).ConclusionsThe NLR following NACRT might predict survival in BR‐PDAC patients. Patients with an elevated post‐NACRT NLR or positive lymph node metastasis may be candidates for stronger adjuvant therapies.
Daratumumab plus bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone in East Asian patients with non-transplant multiple myeloma: subanalysis of the randomized phase 3 ALCYONE trial
Authors: Fujisaki Tomoaki , Ishikawa Takayuki , Takamatsu Hiroyuki , Suzuki Kenshi , Min Chang-Ki , Lee Jae Hoon , Wang Jianping , Carson Robin , Crist Wendy , Qi Ming , Nagafuji Koji 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the ALCYONE trial, daratumumab plus bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone (D-VMP) reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 50% versus bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone (VMP) in patients with transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Here, we report a subanalysis of East Asian patients from ALCYONE. After a median follow-up of 17.1 and 15.9 months for Japanese (n = 50) and Korean (n = 41) patients, respectively, median progression-free survival for D-VMP versus VMP was not reached (NR) versus 20.7 months in Japanese patients and NR versus 14.0 months in Korean patients. The overall response rate for D-VMP versus VMP was 96% versus 92% in Japanese patients and 91% versus 61% in Korean patients. Using next-generation sequencing, minimal residual disease negativity at 10−5 sensitivity for D-VMP versus VMP was 33% versus 8% among Japanese patients and 17% versus 0% among Korean patients. Rates of any grade and grade 3/4 pneumonia were consistent with the rates observed for the global safety population. Similar efficacy and safety findings were observed in the combined Japanese and Korean subgroup and ≥ 75 years of age subgroup. In conclusion, D-VMP was safe and efficacious in East Asian patients, consistent with the global ALCYONE population.
Analysis of the MIR160 gene family and the role of MIR160a_A05 in regulating fiber length in cotton
Authors: Liu Guoyuan , Liu Ji , Pei Wenfeng , Li Xihua , Wang Nuohan , Ma Jianjiang , Zang Xinshan , Zhang Jinfa , Yu Shuxun , Wu Man , Yu Jiwen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Main conclusion
The MIR160 family in Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense was characterized, and miR160a_A05 was found to increase cotton-fiber length by downregulating its target gene (ARF17) and several GH3 genes.

Abstract
Cotton fiber is the most important raw material for the textile industry. MicroRNAs are involved in regulating cotton-fiber development, but a role in fiber elongation has not been demonstrated. In this study, miR160a was found to be differentially expressed in elongating fibers between two interspecific (between Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense) backcross inbred lines (BILs) with different fiber lengths. The gene MIR160 colocalized with a previously mapped fiber-length quantitative trait locus. Its target gene ARF17 was differentially expressed between the two BILs during fiber elongation, but in the inverse fashion. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the MIR160 family in both G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. Moreover, qRT–PCR analysis identified MIR160a as the functional MIR160 gene encoding the miR160a precursor during fiber elongation. Using virus-induced gene silencing and overexpression, overexpressed MIR160a_A05 resulted in significantly longer fibers compared with wild type, whereas suppression of miR160 resulted in significantly shorter fibers. Expression levels of the target gene auxin-response factor 17 (ARF17) and related genes GH3 in the two BILs and/or the virus-infected plants demonstrated similar changes in response to modulation of miR160a level. Finally, overexpression or suppression of miR160 increased or decreased, respectively, the cellular level of indole-3-acetic acid, which is involved in fiber elongation. These results describe a specific regulatory mechanism for fiber elongation in cotton that can be utilized for future crop improvement.
Interobserver, intraobserver, and interlaboratory variability in reporting pT4a colon cancer
Authors: Klaver Charlotte E. L. , Bulkmans Nicole , Drillenburg Paul , Grabsch Heike I. , van Grieken Nicole C. T. , Karrenbeld Arend , Koens Lianne , van Lijnschoten Ineke , Meijer Jos , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Sagaert Xavier , Seldenrijk Kees , van Velthuysen M. F. , Bruggink Annette H. , Tanis Pieter J. , Snaebjornsson Petur 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Clinical significance of the pT4 category in colon cancer is increasing with several therapeutic implications. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability in diagnosing pT4a colon cancer. Twelve pathologists classified 66 preselected scanned Hematoxylin/Eosin-stained slides with tumor cells at a distance of 25–1500 μm (n = 22), 0–25 μm (n = 22), or on (n = 22) the peritoneal surface. Inter- and intraobserver variability were calculated using Kappa statistics. For interlaboratory variability, pathology reports of pT3 and pT4a colon cancer were extracted from the Dutch Pathology Registry between 2012 and 2015. The proportion of pT4a (pT4a/(pT3+pT4a)) was compared between 33 laboratories. Potential risk of understaging was assessed by determining the average number of blocks taken from pT3 and pT4a N0-2M0 tumors with metachronous peritoneal metastasis. Interobserver variability among 12 pathologists was 0.50 (95%CI 0.41–0.60; moderate agreement). Intraobserver variability (8 pathologists) was 0.71 (substantial agreement). A total of 7745 reports with pT3 or pT4aN0-2M0 colon cancer from 33 laboratories were included for interlaboratory analysis. Median percentage of pT4a was 15.5% (range 3.2–24.6%). After adjustment for case mix, 8 labs diagnosed pT4a significantly less or more frequently than the median lab. Metachronous peritoneal metastases were histologically verified in 170 of 6629 pT3 and in 129 of 1116 pT4a tumors, with a mean number of blocks of 4.03(SD 1.51) and 4.78 (SD 1.76) taken from the primary tumors, respectively (p < 0.001). A substantial variability in diagnosing pT4a colon cancer exists, both at pathologist and laboratory level. Diagnosis of pT4a stage appears to be challenging and there is a need for standardizing assessment of this pathological entity.
Legacy samples in Finnish biobanks: social and legal issues related to the transfer of old sample collections into biobanks
Authors: Salokannel Marjut , Tarkkala Heta , Snell Karoliina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Biobank operations started officially in Finland in 2013 when the Biobank Act defining and regulating biobank operations came into force. Since then, ten biobanks have been established and they have started to collect new prospective samples with broad consent. The main corpus of biobank samples, however, consists of approximately 10 million “legacy samples”. These are old diagnostic or research samples that were transferred to biobanks in accordance with the Biobank Act. The focus of this article is on ambiguities concerning these legacy samples and their transfer in terms of legality, human rights, autonomy, and social sustainability. We analyse the Finnish biobank operations in the context of international regulation, such as the European Convention of Human Rights, the Oviedo Convention, European Charter of Fundamental Rights, the GDPR, and EU Clinical Trials Regulation, and show that the practice of using legacy samples is at times problematic in relation to this regulatory framework. We argue that the prevailing interpretations of these regulations as translated into the Finnish biobank practices undermine the autonomy of individuals by not giving individuals a right to consent or an actionable right to opt-out of the transfer of these legacy samples to the biobank. This is due to the fact that individuals are not given effective notification of such transfers. Thus, issues regarding the legal status of the biobank samples and the social sustainability of biobank operations remain a challenge for biobanks in Finland despite governmental efforts to create pioneering, comprehensive, and enabling legislation.
A honeybees-inspired heuristic algorithm for numerical optimisation
Authors: Düğenci Muharrem , Aydin Mehmet Emin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Swarm intelligence is all about developing collective behaviours to solve complex, ill-structured and large-scale problems. Efficiency in collective behaviours depends on how to harmonise the individual contributors so that a complementary collective effort can be achieved to offer a useful solution. The main points in organising the harmony remain as managing the diversification and intensification actions appropriately, where the efficiency of collective behaviours depends on blending these two actions appropriately. In this paper, a hybrid bee algorithm is presented, which harmonises bee operators of two mainstream well-known swarm intelligence algorithms inspired of natural honeybee colonies. The parent algorithms have been overviewed with many respects, strengths and weaknesses are identified, first, and the hybrid version has been proposed, next. The efficiency of the hybrid algorithm is demonstrated in comparison with the parent algorithms in solving two types of numerical optimisation problems; (1) a set of well-known functional optimisation benchmark problems and (2) optimising the weights of a set of artificial neural network models trained for medical classification benchmark problems. The experimental results demonstrate the outperforming success of the proposed hybrid algorithm in comparison with two original/parent bee algorithms in solving both types of numerical optimisation benchmarks.
Current management strategies for visceral artery aneurysms: an overview
Authors: Obara Hideaki , Kentaro Matsubara , Inoue Masanori , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) are rare and affect the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery, and their branches. The natural history of VAAs is not well understood as they are often asymptomatic and found incidentally; however, they carry a risk of rupture that can result in death from hemorrhage in the peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneal space, or gastrointestinal tract. Recent advances in imaging technology and its availability allow us to diagnose all types of VAA. VAAs can be treated by open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, endovascular therapy, or a hybrid approach. However, there are still no specific indications for the treatment of VAAs, and the best strategy depends on the anatomical location of the aneurysm as well as the clinical presentation of the patient. This article reviews the literature on the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and anatomic characteristics of each type of VAA and discusses the current options for their treatment and management.
Random dictatorship for privacy-preserving social choice
Authors: Torra Vicenç 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSocial choice provides methods for collective decisions. They include methods for voting and for aggregating rankings. These methods are used in multiagent systems for similar purposes when decisions are to be made by agents. Votes and rankings are sensitive information. Because of that, privacy mechanisms are needed to avoid the disclosure of sensitive information. Cryptographic techniques can be applied in centralized environments to avoid the disclosure of sensitive information. A trusted third party can then compute the outcome. In distributed environments, we can use a secure multiparty computation approach for implementing a collective decision method. Other privacy models exist. Differential privacy andk-anonymity are two of them. They provide privacy guarantees that are complementary to multiparty computation approaches, and solutions that can be combined with the cryptographic ones, thus providing additional privacy guarantees, e.g., a differentially private multiparty computation model. In this paper, we propose the use of probabilistic social choice methods to achieve differential privacy. We use the method called random dictatorship and prove that under some circumstances differential privacy is satisfied and propose a variation that is always compliant with this privacy model. Our approach can be implemented using a centralized approach and also a decentralized approach. We briefly discuss these implementations.
How players across gender and age experience Pokémon Go?
Authors: Malik Aqdas , Hiekkanen Kari , Hussain Zaheer , Hamari Juho , Johri Aditya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to provide insights into player experiences and motivations in Pokémon Go, a relatively new phenomenon of location-based augmented reality games. With the increasing usage and adoption of various forms of digital games worldwide, investigating the motivations for playing games has become crucial not only for researchers but for game developers, designers, and policy makers. Using an online survey (N = 1190), the study explores the motivational, usage, and privacy concerns variations among age and gender groups of Pokémon Go players. Most of the players, who are likely to be casual gamers, are persuaded toward the game due to nostalgic association and word of mouth. Females play Pokémon Go to fulfill physical exploration and enjoyment gratifications. On the other hand, males seek to accomplish social interactivity, achievement, coolness, and nostalgia gratifications. Compared to females, males are more concerned about the privacy aspects associated with the game. With regard to age, younger players display strong connotation with most of the studied gratifications and the intensity drops significantly with an increase in age. With the increasing use of online and mobile games worldwide among all cohorts of society, the study sets the way for a deeper analysis of motivation factors with respect to age and gender. Understanding motivations for play can provide researchers with the analytic tools to gain insight into the preferences for and effects of game play for different kinds of users.
Educational differences in macro-level determinants of early exit from paid work: a multilevel analysis of 14 European countries
Authors: de Breij Sascha , Huisman Martijn , Deeg Dorly J. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify macro-level determinants of early work exit and investigate whether the effects of these determinants differ across educational groups. We used data from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (2011–2013) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) (2010/2011–2012/2013) as well as macro-level data and included 10,584 participants in 14 European countries. We used logistic multilevel analyses to examine educational differences in macro-level determinants of early work exit. Macro-level determinants were: minimum unemployment replacement rates, expenditure on active labour market policies (aimed to help the unemployed find work) and passive labour market policies (unemployment and early retirement benefits), employment protection legislation (costs involved in dismissing individuals), unemployment rates, statutory pension age and implicit tax on continued work. We found low-educated workers to be more at risk of early work exit than higher educated workers. In low-educated men, higher unemployment replacement rates, higher expenditure on passive labour market policies, stricter employment protection legislation and a higher implicit tax on continued work were associated with a higher risk of early work exit, whereas no macro-level factors were associated with early work exit in highly educated men. In women, a higher expenditure on passive labour market policies and a higher implicit tax on continued work were determinants of early work exit, regardless of educational level. To conclude, low-educated men seem to be especially responsive to the effects of pull factors that make early retirement financially more attractive.