bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Arsenophonus with Wolbachia in Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Guo Huifang , Wang Na , Niu Hongtao , Zhao Dongxiao , Zhang Zhichun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Co-infection of endosymbionts in the same host is ubiquitous, and the interactions of the most common symbiont Wolbachia with other symbionts, including Spiroplasma et al., in invertebrate organisms have received increasing attention. However, the interactions between Wolbachia and Arsenophonus, another widely distributed symbiont in nature, are poorly understood. We tested the co-infection of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus in different populations of Nilaparvata lugens and investigated whether co-infection affected the population size of the symbionts in their host. Results A significant difference was observed in the co-infection incidence of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus among 5 populations of N. lugens from China, with nearly half of the individuals in the Zhenjiang population harbouring the two symbionts simultaneously, and the rate of occurrence was significantly higher than that of the other 4 populations. The Arsenophonus density in the superinfection line was significantly higher only in the Maanshan population compared with that of the single-infection line. Differences in the density of Wolbachia and Arsenophonus were found in all the tested double-infection lines, and the dominant symbiont species varied with the population only in the Nanjing population, with Arsenophonus the overall dominant symbiont. Conclusions Wolbachia and Arsenophonus could coexist in N. lugens, and the co-infection incidence varied with the geographic populations. Antagonistic interactions were not observed between Arsenophonus and Wolbachia, and the latter was the dominant symbiont in most populations.
PrEP awareness among men who have sex with men at higher risk for HIV in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, 2018
Authors: Assaf Ryan David , Konda Kelika A. , Torres Thiago S. , Vega-Ramirez E. Hamid , Elorreaga Oliver A. , Diaz-Sosa Dulce , Diaz Steven D. , Pimenta Cristina , Robles Rebeca , Medina-Mora Maria Elena , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Caceres Carlos , Veloso Valdilea G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
IntroductionPrEP awareness in Latin America has been poorly characterized, with studies in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru highlighting low awareness. We assessed the association between higher risk of HIV infection, indicative of PrEP eligibility, and PrEP awareness among men who have sex with men (MSM) from these countries. MethodsMSM were recruited to complete an online survey via advertisements on Facebook, Grindr, and Hornet from March-June 2018. Eligible individuals were cisgender MSM, ≥18 years old, HIV negative or of unknown status, lived in these countries, and provided informed consent. Higher risk was defined using a CDC score indicating an increased risk of HIV infection and the suggested cutpoint of 10. We used Poisson regression models to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) testing the association between higher risk and PrEP awareness; socio-demographics and other risk variables were considered potential confounders. Separate models were conducted for Brazil, Mexico, and Peru. ResultsAfter exclusion, 19,457 MSM were available for analysis. Overall PrEP awareness was 64.9%, with those from Brazil reporting highest awareness (68.8%), followed by Mexico (64.1%), and Peru (46.6%). In Brazil, 53.8% were classified as higher risk for HIV, 51.9% in Mexico, and 54.2% in Peru. Higher risk for HIV was associated with PrEP awareness among those in Brazil (aPR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01, 1.06), but no association was seen in Mexico or Peru. Additionally, having more than high school education, high income, daily use of gay social networking (GSN) applications, and substance use were associated with PrEP awareness in each country. ConclusionHigher risk of HIV infection was associated with increased PrEP awareness in Brazil. However, this association was weak indicating that MSM at higher risk, who would benefit from PrEP, are often not aware of this prevention strategy. In the remaining countries, there was no association between risk and awareness, highlighting a disconnect between need and knowledge. As PrEP is introduced, awareness should increase, as in Brazil where PrEP has been available longer. Interventions to increase PrEP awareness are paramount to increase PrEP uptake and prevent HIV infections. GSN applications and social media could play an important role to achieve this goal.
Increase soil aggregate stability can limit colloidal phosphorus loss potentials from agricultural systems
Authors: Li Fayong , Liang Xinqiang , Li Hua , Jin Yingbin , Jin Junwei , He Miaomiao , Klumpp Erwin , Bol Roland 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Colloid-facilitated phosphorus (P) transport is a recognized important pathway for soil P loss in agricultural systems, but limited information is available on the soil aggregate-associated colloidal P. To elucidate the effects of aggregate size on the loss potential of colloidal P (P coll ) in agricultural systems, soils (0-20 cm depth) from six land use types were sampled in Zhejiang province in the Yangtz river delta region, China. The aggregate size fractions (2–8 mm, 0.26–2 mm, 0.053–0.26 mm and <0.053 mm) separated by wet-sieving method were analyzed.Results Results showed that the 0.26–2 mm small macroaggregates had the highest total P (TP) content. For acidic soils, the highest P coll content was also found in the 0.26–2 mm aggregate size, while the lowest was found in the <0.053 mm (silt+clay)-sized particles, the opposite of that found in alkaline soils. Paddy soils contained less P coll than other land use types. The P coll in total dissolved P (TDP) was dominated by <0.053 mm (silt+clay)-sized particles. Aggregate size did strongly influence the loss potential of P coll in paddy soils, where P coll contributed up to 83% TDP in the silt+clay sized particles. The P coll content was positively correlated with TP, Al, Fe and mean weight diameter (MWD). Aggregate associated total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), C/P, and C/N had significant, but negative effects on the contribution of P coll to potential soil P losses. The P coll content of the aggregates was controlled by aggregate associated TP and Al content as well as soil pH value, with P coll loss potential from aggregates being controlled by its organic matter content.Conclusion Therefore, we conclude that management practices that increase soil aggregate stability or its organic carbon content will limit P coll loss from agricultural systems.
Efficacy of a Single Dose versus Triple Dose Regimen of Mebendazole against Hookworm Infection among School Children: A Randomized, Single blinded Trial.
Authors: Eshetu Tegegne , Aemero Mulugeta , Jejaw Ayalew 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The current control efforts against soil transmitted helminthic infection focused on reducing morbidity and transmission potential through periodic anthelminthic chemotherapy of single dose of mebendazole and albendazole regimen. Single dose mebendazole is one of extensively applicable drug regimen as a preventive chemotherapy in hookworm endemic areas. However, nowadays, studies reveal single dose treatment regimen has poor and unsatisfactory efficacy status against hookworm infection. We evaluated the efficacy status of single dose (500mg) versus triple dose (100mg) of mebendazole against hookworm infection among school aged children.Methods: This randomized, single-blinded clinical trial took place in a primary school on Burie and Debre Elias towns, Northwest Ethiopia among school-aged children (6-14). Using simple randomization, eligible hookworm positive children were randomly allocated (1:1) to either a single dose or triple dose of mebendazole arm. Stool samples were collected at baseline and follow-up period (14-21 days after treatment) for McMaster analysis. The primary and secondary outcome measures in this study were cure rate (CR) and egg reduction rate (ERR), respectively. Results were displayed using tables and figure. Independent t test was used to compare group means, logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR), and P-value < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered for statistical significance.Result: 109 children were allocated for each treatment arm and 103 children were completed the drug efficacy follow up study. Cure rate against hookworm was significantly higher in triple dose (96.1%) than in single dose (30.8%) with (OR=55.125; 95% CI: 11.92-254.9; P < 0.001). Egg reduction rate against hookworm infection in triple dose (99.5%) was also significantly higher than single dose (68.9%) with difference t (101) =5.38; 95% CI 230.95-505.36; P < 0.001.Conclusion: Single dose regimen of mebendazole for the treatment of hookworm infection showed poor efficacy, while triple dose revealed satisfactory efficacy. Therefore, we recommend for giving special emphasis on current deworming program which implemented through single dose mebendazole for hookworm endemic area.
Functional Polymorphisms in FOXC2 Gene and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility in Chinese Population
Authors: Zhou Zhijiao , Ou Xiang , Zou Qiong , Chu Ling , Quan Xiyun , Chen Yong , Liu Yang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is highly lethal gynecological cancer. Forkhead Box Protein C2 (FOXC2) promotes occurrence and development of various malignant tumors. The present study is aimed at exploring the correlation between the polymorphism of FOXC2 and epithelial ovarian cancer susceptibility in Chinese Han population.Methods: A case-control design was used to verify the association between FOXC2polymorphisms and epithelial ovarian cancer. The genotyping was performed using Taqman® SNP Genotyping kit by qRT-PCR. The genetic variants including rs3751794 C>T, rs1035550 A>G, rs4843163 C>G and rs4843396 C>T in FOXC2 gene were analyzed. The strength of the associations was detected using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Stratification analyses showed the association between the FOXC2 gene polymorphisms rs3751794 C>T, rs4843163 C>G and rs4843396 C>T with epithelial ovarian cancer susceptibility in terms of age, metastasis status, clinical stage, pathological grade, pregnant times, pausimenia, and the expression of ER, PR, wild p53 and mutant p53.Results: Rs3751794 C>T (P=0.0016), rs4843163 C>G (P<0.0001) and rs4843396 C>T (P<0.0001) were significantly associated with increased epithelial ovarian cancer risk. In stratification analyses,rs3751794 C>T, was identified to be dominant in no metastasis patients, clinical stage 4 group, middle grade pathological stage, pregnant time over 3 patients, post-menopause women, strong wild type p53 expression; rs4843163 C>G was dominant in high grade clinical stage, high grade pathological stage, post-menopause women, strong ER expression group and no mutant p53 expression group; rs4843396 C>T was dominant in high grade clinical stage, high grade pathological stage, strong ER expression group. The rs1035550 A>G was not related to epithelial ovarian cancer susceptibility.Conclusions: The results of the current study verified that FOXC2 gene polymorphisms were associated with increased epithelial ovarian cancer risk and suggested that FOXC2 gene polymorphisms might be a potential biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer susceptibility.
Attendance of fourth Antenatal Care Visit in Ethiopia: Analysis from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey
Authors: Woldu Mulugeta Abrha , Ayele Brhane Gebrekidan , Gebrehiwot Haftom Weldearegay , Abrha Araya Medhanyie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Globally, approximately 830 women have been reported to die every day due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Almost all of these deaths occurred during the third trimester of pregnancy. This could have been reduced by having adequate Antenatal care visits. However, little is known about the determinants of fourth Antenatal care visit. This study is therefore conducted to identify determinants of attendance of fourth Antenatal visits in Ethiopia.Method: This study was an analysis of data collected by the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey which used a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling design. Bivariate and multivariable regression analysis was done to declare association between independent predictors and attendance of fourth Antenatal care visit.Result: The independent factors affecting fourth Antenatal visit were highest wealth index (Adjusted Odds Ratio(AOR) = 1.85; 95% Confidence interval (CI) (1.41, 2.44), watching television less than once in a week (AOR= 0.64; 95%CI (0.46, 0.88) , not informed about pregnancy complications during previous visit (AOR= 0.59; 95%CI (0.51, 0.70) and women who were not given or who did not buy iron tablets/syrup (AOR= 0.64; 95%CI (0.55, 0.75).Conclusion: In this study wealth index, frequencies of watching television, information about pregnancy complication, given or bought iron tablets/syrup were the predictors. Therefore integrated service of proper counseling on birth preparedness and complication readiness, Iron folic acid provision by health care providers and other integrated multi-sectoral collaborations are also highly important to improve the wealth index and health literacy of mothers.
Advanced ultrasound Methods in assessment of carotid plaque instability: A prospective multimodal study
Authors: Zamani Mahtab , Skagen Karolina , Scott Helge , Russell David , Skjelland Mona 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: A significant proportion of ischemic strokes are caused by emboli from atherosclerotic, unstable carotid artery plaques. The selection of patients for endarterectomy in current clinical practice is primarily based on the degree of carotid artery stenosis and clinical symptoms. However, the content of the plaque is known to be more important for stroke risk. Intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) has recently emerged as a possible surrogate marker for plaque instability. Neo-microvessels from the adventitial vasa vasorum grow into the full thickness of the vessel wall in an adaptive response to hypoxia, causing subsequent intraplaque haemorrhage and plaque rupture. Conventional ultrasound cannot detect IPN. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI), have, however, shown promise in IPN assessment. Recent research using Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) has also reported reduced tissue stiffness in the artery wall (reduced mean Young’s modulus) in unstable compared to stable plaques. The purpose of this study is to identify unstable carotid artery plaques at risk of rupture and future ischemic stroke risk using multimodal assessments.

Methods: Forty five symptomatic and 45 asymptomatic patients >18 years, with >50% carotid stenosis referred to Oslo University Hospital ultrasound lab will be included in this on-going project. Patients will undergo contrast enhanced ultrasound, SMI, carotid-MRI and PET-(18F-FDG). Contrast enhanced ultrasound will be analyzed semi-quantitatively (5-levels visual classification) and quantitatively by plotting time-intensity curve analyses to obtain plaque peak contrast enhancement intensity. Plaques removed at carotid endarterectomy will be assessed histologically and the number of microvessels, areas of inflammation, granulation, calcification, lipid and fibrosis will be measured.

Discussion: This multimodality study will primarily provide information on the clinical value of advanced ultrasound methods (SMI, SWE) for the detection of unstable carotid artery plaque in comparison with other methods including contrast-enhanced ultrasound, carotid-MRI and PET-(18F-FDG) using histology as the gold standard. Secondly, findings from the methods mentioned above will be related to cerebrovascular symptoms, blood tests (leukocytes, CRP, ESR, lipoproteins and inflammatory markers) and cardiovascular risk factors at inclusion and at 1-year follow-up. The overall aim is to optimize detection of plaque instability which can lead to better preventive decisions and reduced stroke rate.
The draft genome of horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus reveals its evolutionary scenario and well-developed innate immunity
Authors: Zhou Yan , Liang Yuan , Yan Qing , Zhang Liang , Chen Dianbao , Ruan Lingwei , Kong Yuan , Shi Hong , Chen Mingliang , Chen Jianming 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background: Horseshoe crabs are ancient marine arthropods with a long evolutionary history extending back approximately 450 million years, which may benefit from their innate immune systems. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying their abilities of distinguishing and defending against invading microbes are still unclear. Results: Here, we describe the 2.06 Gbp genome assembly of Tachypleus tridentatus with 24,222 predicted protein-coding genes. Comparative genomics shows that T. tridentatus and the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus have the most orthologues shared among two species, including genes involved in the immune-related JAK-STAT signalling pathway. Divergence time dating results show that the last common ancestor of Asian horseshoe crabs (including T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda) and L. polyphemus appeared approximately 130 Mya (121-141), and the split of the two Asian horseshoe crabs was dated to approximately 63 Mya (57-69). Hox gene analysis suggests two clusters in both horseshoe crab assemblies. Surprisingly, selective analysis of immune-related gene families revealed the high expansion of conserved pattern recognition receptors. Genes involved in the IMD and JAK-STAT signal transduction pathways also exhibited a certain degree of expansion in both genomes. Intact coagulation cascade-related genes were present in the T. tridentatus genome with a higher number of coagulation factor genes. Moreover, most reported antibacterial peptides have been identified in T. tridentatus with their potentially effective antimicrobial sites. Conclusions: The draft genome of T. tridentatus would would provide important evidence for further clarifying the taxonomy and evolutionary relationship of Chelicerata. The expansion of conserved immune signalling pathway genes, coagulation factors and intact antimicrobial peptides in T. tridentatus constitutes its robust and effective innate immunity for self-defence in marine environments with an enormous number of invading pathogens and may affect the quality of the adaptive properties with regard to complicated marine environments.
Somut Olmayan Kültürel Mirasın Tespitinde, Saha Çalışması Öncesi ve Sonrası Uygulamaların Kritik Önemi
Authors: Genç Lale 
Published: December 2019

Kültürel
antropolojide alan çalışmasının yazılı bir ürünü olan etnografya, araştırmacının alanında olma
zorunluluğu taşımaktadır. Ayrıca
alan araştırması yöntemi, genellemelerden çok derinlemesine ayrıntıların ortaya
koyulduğu bir yazındır. Bunun
yanında amaçlanan konunun yapısal işleyişi, temsil edilişleri hakkında
yazmaktır (Erickson, 1984:
53). Bu kritik çalışmanın tekrarı yoktur ve öncesinde iyi planlanması tüm
çalışmayı doğrudan etkiler. Bu plan dahilinde etnograf alanda verimli
çalışabilir. Tüm verilerin toplanması sonrası da kodlama, tasnif ve kuramsal
yorumlamalar da çalışmanın zenginliğini ifade eder. Bu çalışma somut olmayan kültürel mirasın tespitinde, saha çalışması öncesi
ve sonrası uygulamalara değinerek, kritik önemini vurgulamak amacı taşımaktadır.
Ayrıca saha çalışması öncesi ve sonrası izlenecek aşamalarda detaya girilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:
Etnografya 1, Veri Toplama 2, Saha
Çalışması 3
Multi-Scale Assessment of Urban Gardens as Constructed Habitats for Biodiversity Conservation in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Middleton Deborah A. 
Published: December 2019

Biodiversity in arid urban environments depends upon habitat formation that balances both bioclimatic and biophysical environment needs. There is the potential for urban gardens to establish symbiotic ecosystem services from microhabitat formation that collectively form an assemblage of ecological patches to connect a diverse range of flora and fauna, and establish community driven nursery and seed collection initiatives. This study of urban garden habitats situated within a new urban district of Jeddah Saudi. The analysis concentrates on the ability of garden spatial formations to construct a heterogeneous spatial morphology of sub-patch within the larger urban landscape patch. Patch and subpatch formations are examined based on the criteria of (I) assemblage of the spatial habitat (characterized by shape and spatial organization); (II) integration of spatial, functional and vegetation plantation patterns; (III) connectivity. Findings reveal that garden layout is structured by the integration and layering of plant types to generate cool understory habitat with seedling establishment, and water conservation. Designed layout of the garden as a spatial pattern is augmented with a range of microclimate mediators to dim solar exposure within the plantation habitat. A strong heterogeneity in plant formations and combinations is seen to dominant the garden formations.
Identify Lysine Neddylation Sites Using Bi-profile Bayes Feature Extraction via the Chou’s 5-steps Rule and General Pseudo Components
Authors: Ju Zhe , Wang Shi-Yun 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
Neddylation is a highly dynamic and reversible post-translatiNeddylation is a highly dynamic and reversible post-translational modification.
The abnormality of neddylation has previously been shown to be closely related to some human
diseases. The detection of neddylation sites is essential for elucidating the regulation mechanisms of
protein neddylation.onal modification which has been found to be involved in various biological processes and closely associated with many diseases. The accurate identification of neddylation sites is necessary to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of neddylation. As the traditional experimental methods are time consuming and expensive, it is desired to develop computational methods to predict neddylation sites. In this study, a novel predictor named NeddPred is proposed to predict lysine neddylation sites. An effective feature extraction method, bi-profile bayes encoding, is employed to encode neddylation sites. Moreover, a fuzzy support vector machine algorithm is proposed to solve the class imbalance and noise problem in the prediction of neddylation sites. As illustrated by 10-fold cross-validation, NeddPred achieves an excellent performance with a Matthew's correlation coefficient of 0.7082 and an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.9769. Independent tests show that NeddPred significantly outperforms existing neddylation sites predictor NeddyPreddy. Therefore, NeddPred can be a complement to the existing tools for the prediction of neddylation sites. A user-friendly web-server for NeddPred is established at 123.206.31.171/NeddPred/.

Objective:
As the detection of the lysine neddylation sites by the traditional experimental method is
often expensive and time-consuming, it is imperative to design computational methods to identify
neddylation sites.

Methods:
In this study, a bioinformatics tool named NeddPred is developed to identify underlying
protein neddylation sites. A bi-profile bayes feature extraction is used to encode neddylation sites and
a fuzzy support vector machine model is utilized to overcome the problem of noise and class imbalance
in the prediction.

Results:
Matthew's correlation coefficient of NeddPred achieved 0.7082 and an area under the receiver
operating characteristic curve of 0.9769. Independent tests show that NeddPred significantly outperforms
existing lysine neddylation sites predictor NeddyPreddy.

Conclusion:
Therefore, NeddPred can be a complement to the existing tools for the prediction of neddylation
sites. A user-friendly webserver for NeddPred is accessible at 123.206.31.171/NeddPred/.