bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative WDS compositional mapping using the electron microprobe
Authors: Donovan John J. , Allaz Julien M. , von der Handt Anette , Seward Gareth G.E. , Neill Owen , Goemann Karsten , Chouinard Julie , Carpenter Paul K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
While much progress has been made in electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) to improve the accuracy of point analysis, the same level of attention has not always been applied to the quantification of wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS) X-ray intensity maps at the individual pixel level. We demonstrate that the same level of rigor applied in traditional point analysis can also be applied to the quantification of pixels in X-ray intensity maps, along with additional acquisition and quantitative processing procedures to further improve accuracy, precision, and mapping throughput. Accordingly, X-ray map quantification should include pixel-level corrections for WDS detector deadtime, corrections for changes in beam current (beam drift), changes in standard intensities (standard drift), high-accuracy removal of background intensities, quantitative matrix corrections, quantitative correction of spectral interferences, and, if required, time-dependent corrections (for beam and/or contamination sensitive materials). The purpose of quantification at the pixel level is to eliminate misinterpretation of intensity artifacts, inherent in raw X-ray intensity signals, that distort the apparent abundance of an element. Major and minor element X-ray signals can contain significant artifacts due to absorption and fluorescence effects. Trace element X-ray signals can contain significant artifacts where phases with different average atomic numbers produce different X-ray continuum (bremsstrahlung) intensities, or where a spectral interference, even an apparently minor one, can produce a false-positive intensity signal. The methods we propose for rigorous pixel quantification require calibration of X-ray intensities on the instrument using standard reference materials, as we already do for point analysis that is then used to quantify multiple X-ray maps, and thus the relative time overhead associated with such pixel-by-pixel quantification is small. Moreover, the absolute time overhead associated with this method is usually less than that required for quantification using manual calibration curve methods while resulting in significantly better accuracy. Applications to geological, synthetic, or engineering materials are numerous as quantitative maps not only show compositional 2D variation of fine-grained or finely zoned structures but also provide very accurate quantitative analysis, with precision approaching that of a single point analysis, when multiple-pixel averaging in compositionally homogeneous domains is utilized.
Antimicrobial Properties of Mandelic Acid, Gallic Acid and their Derivatives
Authors: Choińska Renata , Dąbrowska Katarzyna , Świsłocka Renata , Lewandowski Włodzimierz , Świergiel Artur H. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are one of the classes of hydroxy acids being beneficial
for human health. The manuscript summarizes the biological properties of two popular members
of AHAs, i.e., Mandelic Acid (MA) and Gallic Acid (GA), with particular emphasis on antimicrobial
properties. Moreover, attempts to design new derivatives improving the natural properties of AHAs by
using the chemical and physical approach are discussed.

Methods:
Antimicrobial properties of MA, an arylalkyl AHA containing phenyl group attached to α-carbon, and GA, an
aromatic trihydroxybenzoic acid containing the phenolic ring and carboxylic acid functional group, and their derivatives
against common human and plant pathogenic fungi have been reviewed.

Results:
The antimicrobial activity of MA and GA is a complex phenomenon strictly correlated with
other properties exhibited by these acids, e.g., pro-oxidative activity and hydrophobicity. In most cases,
the acids derivatives exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the acids themselves. This is
probably because of the higher lipophilicity of moiety that allows better penetration through the cell
membrane.

Conclusion:
MA and GA present an excellent health-promoting tool and are valuable starting materials for the design of
new compounds such as metal complexes with alkali, or alkali earth metals. The lipophilic, antimicrobial, and pro-oxidative
properties act synergistically supporting the pharmacological and therapeutic effect of acids and their derivatives.
Withdrawal Notice: Pathophysiology of Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Manu  , Soni Thomson , Victoria  , Prabhakar Pranav Kumar 
Published: January 2021

The article has been withdrawn on the recommendation of the editor of the journal <b>Current Women&#039;s Health Reviews</b> due to
some inconsistencies in the content of the article.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
FINANCIAL KNOWLEDGE, FINANCIAL ATTITUDE, AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR: SELFâ€“CONTROL AS MEDIATING
Authors: Siswanti Indra 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTPurpose â€” This research aims to analyze the factors influencing financial management behavior in employees ofÂ Islamic University "45" Bekasi because financial behavior is a very important issue at this time.Design/methodology/approach â€” The sampling technique used for this research is purposive sampling with the total population is 305 employees and samples taken were 81 employees. The data used primary data and analyzed data using smart PLS.Findings â€” The results of the research state that financial knowledge has a significant effect on financial management behavior, the financial attitude has a significant effect on financial management behavior, self-control has a significant effect on financial management behavior, financial knowledge has a significant effect on self-control, the financial attitude has a significant effect on self-control, self-control mediated the partial effect of financial knowledge on financial management behavior, and self-control mediated the partial effect of financial attitudes on financial management behavior.Practical Implications â€” Financial knowledge does affect Indonesian people on how they manage their financial behavior and attitude.Originality/value â€” This research is related to the behavior of Indonesian people who tend to think short-term and tend to have a consumptive life pattern so that it often happens where someone with enough income but still has financial problems.Keywords Financial knowledge, financial attitude, self-control, financial management behaviorPaper TypeÂ research paper (case study)
Phototherapy Using a Light-Emitting Fabric (BUBOLight) Device in the Treatment of Newborn Jaundice: Protocol for an Interventional Feasibility and Safety Study
Authors: Lecomte Fabienne , Thecua Elise , Ziane Laurine , Deleporte Pascal , Duhamel Alain , Vamour Clémence , Mordon Serge , Rakza Thameur 
Published: January 2021

Background
Neonatal jaundice is a common condition occurring in 60%-80% of all healthy-term and late-preterm neonates. In the majority of cases, neonatal jaundice resolves spontaneously and causes no harm; however, in some neonates, signiﬁcant hyperbilirubinemia can develop and lead to kernicterus jaundice, a serious neurological disease. Phototherapy (PT) is the preferred treatment for jaundice; however, to be effective, PT devices need to have a broad light emission surface to generate no or little heat and to provide an optimal wavelength and light intensity (420-490 nm and ≥30 µW/cm²/nm, respectively).

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and level of satisfaction of parents and health care teams with the BUBOlight device, an innovative alternative to conventional hospital PT, in which luminous textiles have been incorporated in a sleeping bag.

Methods
This interventional, exploratory, simple group, nonrandomized, single-center trial will be conducted at Lille Hospital. In total, 10-15 neonates and their parents will be included to obtain evaluable data from 10 parent-neonate pairs. Neonates weighing more than 2500 g at birth and born with ≥37 weeks of amenorrhea that required PT in accordance with the guidelines of the National Institute For Health and Clinical Excellence will receive one 4-hour session of illumination. Total serum bilirubin and transcutaneous bilirubin levels were obtained at the start and 2 hours after the end of PT. Cutaneous and rectal temperatures, heart rate, and oxygen saturation will be measured at the beginning and during PT. The number of subjects is therefore not calculated on the basis of statistical assumptions. We aim to obtain a minimum proportion of 90% (ie, 9 of 10) of the neonates included, who have been able to undergo 4-hour PT without unacceptable and unexpected toxicities. We will calculate the mean, median, quartiles, minimum and maximum values of the quantitative parameters, and the frequency of the qualitative parameters. The rate of patients with no unacceptable and unexpected toxicities (ie, the primary endpoint) will be calculated.

Results
The first patient is expected to be enrolled at the end of 2020, and clinical investigations are intended for up to June 2021. The final results of this study are expected to be available at the end of 2021.

Conclusions
Our findings will provide insights into the safety and feasibility of a new PT device based on light-emitting fabrics for the treatment of newborn jaundice. This new system, if proven effective, will improve the humanization of neonatal care and help avoid mother-child separation.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04365998; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04365998

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/24808
Jorge Alberto Álvarez Díaz, <i>Neuroética: relaciones entre mente/cerebro y moral/ética
Authors: Hernández Mansilla José Miguel 
Published: January 2021

Reseña del libro: Jorge Alberto Álvarez Díaz, Neuroética: relaciones entre mente/cerebro y moral/ética, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, 2019, 266 pp. (Serie Académicos. Núm. 140).
Airway Management in Children
Authors: Peyton James , Park Raymond 
Published: January 2021

Airway management in children is usually very straightforward. Unfortunately, when it is not straightforward complications associated with problems encountered while managing the airway can be life-threatening. Airway management can be considered to consist of several different techniques for oxygenating and ventilating an anesthetized patient, namely mask ventilation, supraglottic airway device ventilation, and tracheal intubation. This chapter discusses these techniques and the factors associated with difficulty in performing them. There are anatomic features associated with difficulty in all of these techniques that are caused by syndromes or abnormal airway anatomy in children, although around 20% of difficult intubations are unanticipated. The majority of complications occur when attempting a difficult tracheal intubation. Morbidity and mortality relating to tracheal intubation correlate to the number of attempts at tracheal intubation. Severe hypoxia is estimated to occur in around 9% of children who are difficult to intubate and hypoxic cardiac arrest in nearly 2%, so the key to successful airway management is to focus on maintaining oxygenation and choosing a technique with the best chance of a successful outcome during the first attempt at airway management.
This review contains 6 figures, 7 tables, and 41 references.
Keywords: cricothyrotomy, difficult airway, direct laryngoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, front of neck access, intubation, pediatric, videolaryngoscopy
The Anesthesia Machine: Managing Exhaled and Waste Gases
Authors: Jette Christine 
Published: January 2021

Effective and safe CO2 absorption is critical to the anesthesia circle system to prevent rebreathing and hypercapnia. Advances in the original soda lime–based absorbents and their container systems continue to improve patient safety, reducing the risk of compound A and carbon monoxide production, with seemingly little compromise to the efficiency of CO2 absorption capabilities. Scavenging systems and the removal of waste anesthesia gases remain a critical component to anesthesia care, and vigilance to maintain approved systems is a key to operating room staff safety. Advances in anesthesia machine design have resulted in more complicated internal breathing circuits that are increasingly difficult to rid of trace anesthetic gases. This inadvertently led to a necessary change in guidelines on anesthesia machine preparation for patients susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH).

This review contains 5 figures, 6 tables, and 59 references.
Keywords: carbon dioxide absorption, carbon monoxide, CO2 absorption, compound A, malignant hyperthermia machine preparation, operating room safety, scavenging systems, waste anesthesia gases
Neurovascular Critical Care
Authors: Sarmiento Jose Manuel , Lahiri Shouri 
Published: January 2021

Ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage are among the most devastating and debilitating injuries in medicine. Initial management principles for acute ischemic stroke rely on prompt revascularization before the brain parenchymal is infarcted. Large hemispheric infarctions and malignant cerebral edema occur uncommonly in a subset of patients with acute ischemic stroke and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The indications for decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant cerebral edema are reviewed. Medical management of intraparenchymal hematomas and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the intensive care setting is emphasized. Important clinical sequelae of subarachnoid hemorrhage such as rebleeding, cerebral vasospasm, and cerebral salt wasting are reviewed.

This review contains 5 figures, 4 tables and 52 references
Key Words: acute ischemic stroke, cerebral aneurysm, cerebral vasospasm, decompressive hemicraniectomy, intracerebral hemorrhage, large hemispheric infarctions, subarachnoid hemorrhage, malignant cerebral edema
Renal and Urinary Systems/Electrolyte Balance
Authors: Vale Henrique 
Published: January 2021

Renal physiology involves the regulation of fluid balance and blood pressure, absorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules, maintenance of acid-base balance; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; clearance of toxins; production of various hormones, such as erythropoietin, which is responsible for production of red blood cells in the bone marrow, and renin which helps to regulate the extracellular fluid and osmolality. (1,2) The physiology of the kidneys is studied at the level of smallest functional unit of the kidney, the nephron. The filtration process begins by the nephron filtering the blood entering the kidneys (glomerular filtration). This filtrate flows along the nephron to promote reabsorption of water and small molecules and the secretion of wastes from the blood into the urine (tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion). At the end the remaining filtrate goes to the collecting duct to enter the renal pelvis. From the renal pelvis, the urine passes to the bladder and is excreted to the exterior.(1-3) In order to work properly the kidney must receive adequate blood flow, any reduction of blood flow to the kidneys, can result in damage of the kidney structure that can be reversible or not. Multiple studies can provide a qualitative assessment of the renal function and also look for structural abnormalities.(1)
This review has 6 figures, 5 tables, and 36 references
Keywords: renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), vasopressin, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, juxtaglomerular cells, chronic kidney disease, pathophysiology, diabetes mellitus
Clinical Immunology and Innate Immunity
Authors: Lee Lung-Yi , Foley David P 
Published: January 2021

Our body encounters a multitude of microorganisms in our daily lives. Due to surveillance of our robust immune system, these microbial encounters remain largely benign and only become pathologic at times. The majority of these pathogens are cleared rapidly by our innate immune system. The innate immune system is our body’s first line of defense that mounts a nonspecific response against pathogens. In this review, a contemporary summary of this complex system and its relevance to disease processes that are commonly seen in the surgical setting are presented, including components and activation of innate immunity, and relevant clinical scenarios.
This review contains 10 figures, 11 tables, and 32 references.
Keywords: Innate immunity, humoral immunity, phagocytosis, neutrophils, macrophages, pathogen-associated molecular pattern, damage-associated molecular pattern, wound healing, sepsis, SIRS, deep vein thrombosis, solid-organ rejection
Antibiotic resistance properties of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from hospitals in Selangor
Authors: Ahmadunissah Asmirah , Aazmi Shafiq , Abdul-Aziz Aziyah 
Published: January 2021

A total of 89 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) samples used in this study were collected from clinical hospitals in Selangor. These isolates were grown on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) to screen for pink colonies that do not reduce mannitol which is a characteristic of CoNS. The purified isolates were subjected to standard biochemical tests which include Gram stain, slide coagulase, catalase, and urease test. Identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis was performed using the tuf gene sequencing method which confirmed the species at a total of 60 out of the 89 isolates. When tested against several antibiotics, 41.7% of the isolates were found to be resistant to cefoxitin followed by erythromycin (38.3 %), gentamicin (16.7 %), rifampin (16.7 %), clindamycin (15.0 %), and ciprofloxacin (8.3 %). In contrast, all of the S. epidermidis isolates were sensitive against linezolid. This supports the use of linezolid in the current treatment of S. epidermidis infections. Hence, the speciation of S. epidermidis and its antibiotic resistance patterns may further establish their role as a significant pathogen and help in initiating proper antimicrobial therapy.
Keywords: S. epidermidis, tuf gene sequencing, antibiotic, linezolid
Management of a urethral tear with porcine small intestinal submucosa–augmented urethroplasty and balloon dilation for subsequent urethral stricture in a cat
Authors: Dickerson Vanna M. , Grimes Janet A. , Hill Tracy L. , Bartges Joseph W. , Schmiedt Chad W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

CASE DESCRIPTION
As a result of vehicular trauma, a 3-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat sustained luxation of the sacrocaudal joint and a urethral tear.

CLINICAL FINDINGS
Retrograde contrast urethrocystography revealed a urethral tear at the level of the ischiatic tuberosity. Conservative treatment for 7 days with a urethral catheter was unsuccessful.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
An approach for a perineal urethrostomy was performed and revealed a large urethral tear (4 mm in length in a craniocaudal orientation and encompassing approx 50% of the urethral circumference) proximal to the bulbourethral glands. Urethroplasty was performed with a graft of a rectangular section of single-layer porcine small intestinal submucosa. Perineal urethrostomy was then completed routinely, and a urethral catheter was left in place for 5 days. Two days after removal of the urethral catheter, stranguria was noted. Retrograde contrast urethrocystography revealed a urethral stricture. Balloon dilation of the urethral stricture was performed, and the cat's stranguria improved. Ten weeks following balloon dilation, the cat developed hematuria, and a urinary tract infection and urethral stricture were diagnosed. Balloon dilation was repeated with instillation of triamcinolone solution at the stricture site. Eighteen months later (approx 21 months after the initial surgery), the cat was urinating normally.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The outcome for the cat of this report indicated that porcine small intestinal submucosa may be used to successfully augment urethroplasty for treatment of traumatic urethral tears in cats. Urethral balloon dilation with triamcinolone instillation may be used to treat postoperative urethral strictures.
A Defective Sensor Persistent for Optimized Hearing Disabled Person using Hearing Aids
Authors: Jyothi Singamsetty  , Ravikumar Raju  , Sankaralingam P  , Manoj Reddy P  
Published: January 2021

Hearing loss is one among the persistent sensory deficiency in human populaces, involving added 250 million public in the world. Hearing aids are electrical equipments that aid in optimizing acuity of speech or other sounds. Outcome measures have a rising concern to audiologists, customers and hearing aid producers. To assess the user gratification of government-funded hearing aids. To assess the digital quality of free hearing aids provided by the government. Method: The study was done on patients who are providing by overdue the ear hearing aids in a free hearing aid distribution camp under Support to Disabled persons for obtaining / fitting of aids/appliances (ADIP) scheme. A survey was done for 100 subjects by administering the SADL. The SADL gratification scores showed high gratification ratings for almost all aspects of the questionnaire. Approximately 80 % of the individuals using the hearing aids provided positive feedback and were tremendously satisfied with the performance of the hearing aid.Hence to conclude, ADIP scheme hearing aids do satisfy the users in most of the features such as speech understanding, speaking over the phone and enhanced hearing.