bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron biofortification and availability in the mycelial biomass of edible and medicinal basidiomycetes cultivated in sugarcane molasses
Authors: Scheid Simone Schenkel , Faria Maria Graciela Iecher , Velasquez Leonardo Garcia , do Valle Juliana Silveira , Gonçalves Affonso Celso , Dragunski Douglas Cardoso , Colauto Nelson Barros , Linde Giani Andrea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBasidiomycetes can bioaccumulate high iron contents, but there are few studies on iron availability from the mycelial biomass in order to support their use as an iron-enriched fungal food. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro iron bioaccumulation and availability in the mycelial biomass of edible and medicinal basidiomycetes grown in two distinct culture media. Lentinus crinitus, Ganoderma lucidum, Schizophyllum commune, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Lentinula edodes, and Agaricus subrufescens were grown in liquid culture medium of malt extract or sugarcane molasses to obtain iron-bioaccumulated mycelial biomass. P. ostreatus was the fungus that most bioaccumulated iron, followed by S. commune, and P. eryngii; they also had the highest mycelial biomass growth and iron transfer from the culture medium to the mycelial biomass. Mycelial iron availability is species-specific, regardless of the culture medium and the iron bioaccumulation capacity of the fungus in the mycelial biomass. Mycelial biomass of S. commune, followed by G. lucidum, P. ostreatus, and P. eryngii, associated with molasses culture medium, are the best choice for the production of iron-enriched mycelial biomass.
Genomic epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil
Authors: Verza Mirela , Scheffer Mara Cristina , Salvato Richard Steiner , Schorner Marcos André , Barazzetti Fernando Hartmann , Machado Hanalydia de Melo , Medeiros Taiane Freitas , Rovaris Darcita Buerger , Portugal Isabel , Viveiros Miguel , Perdigão João , Kritski Afrânio , Bazzo Maria Luiza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the pathogen responsible for tuberculosis (TB) poses as the major cause of death among infectious diseases. The knowledge about the molecular diversity of M.tb enables the implementation of more effective surveillance and control measures and, nowadays, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) holds the potential to produce high-resolution epidemiological data in a high-throughput manner. Florianópolis, the state capital of Santa Catarina (SC) in south Brazil, shows a high TB incidence (46.0/100,000). Here we carried out a WGS-based evaluation of the M.tb strain diversity, drug-resistance and ongoing transmission in the capital metropolitan region. Resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin was identified respectively in 4.0% (n = 6), 2.0% (n = 3) and 1.3% (n = 2) of the 151 studied strains by WGS. Besides, resistance to pyrazinamide and ethambutol was detected in 0.7% (n = 1) and reistance to ethionamide and fluoroquinolone (FQ) in 1.3% (n = 2), while a single (0.7%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain was identified. SNP-based typing classified all isolates into M.tb Lineage 4, with high proportion of sublineages LAM (60.3%), T (16.4%) and Haarlem (7.9%). The average core-genome distance between isolates was 420.3 SNPs, with 43.7% of all isolates grouped across 22 genomic clusters thereby showing the presence of important ongoing TB transmission events. Most clusters were geographically distributed across the study setting which highlights the need for an urgent interruption of these large transmission chains. The data conveyed by this study shows the presence of important and uncontrolled TB transmission in the metropolitan area and provides precise data to support TB control measures in this region.
Characterization and selection of functional yeast strains during sourdough fermentation of different cereal wholegrain flours
Authors: Palla Michela , Blandino Massimo , Grassi Arianna , Giordano Debora , Sgherri Cristina , Quartacci Mike Frank , Reyneri Amedeo , Agnolucci Monica , Giovannetti Manuela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe increasing demand for healthy baked goods boosted studies on sourdough microbiota with beneficial metabolic traits, to be used as potential functional starters. Here, 139 yeasts isolated from cereal-based fermented foods were in vitro characterized for their phytase and antioxidant activities. The molecular characterization at strain level of the best 39 performing isolates showed that they did not derive from cross contamination by baker’s yeast. Afterwards, the 39 isolates were in vivo analyzed for their leavening ability, phytase activity and polyphenols content using five different wholegrain flours, obtained from conventional and pigmented common wheat, emmer and hull-less barley. Combining these findings, through multivariate permutation analysis, we identified the 2 best performing strains, which resulted diverse for each flour. Doughs singly inoculated with the selected strains were further analyzed for their antioxidant capacity, phenolic acids, xanthophylls and anthocyanins content. All the selected yeasts significantly increased the total antioxidant activity, the soluble, free and conjugated, forms of phenolic acids and anthocyanins of fermented doughs. This study revealed the importance of a specific selection of yeast strains for wholegrain flours obtained from different cereals or cultivars, in order to enhance the pro-technological, nutritional and nutraceutical traits of fermented doughs.
Geographical variations in maternal lifestyles during pregnancy associated with congenital heart defects among live births in Shaanxi province, Northwestern China
Authors: Liu Yini , Zhang Huihui , Li Jing , Liang Chujun , Zhao Yaling , Chen Fangyao , Wang Duolao , Pei Leilei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to explore regional differences in maternal lifestyle during pregnancy related to congenital heart defects (CHD) in Shaanxi province, Northwestern China. A large-scale epidemiologic survey of birth defects among infants born during 2010–2013, was conducted in Shaanxi province. Non-spatial and geographic weighted logistic regression models were used for analysis. The spatial model indicated that passive smoking frequency was positively associated with CHD for 43.3% of participants (P < 0.05), with the highest OR in North Shaanxi and the lowest in South Shaanxi. Approximately 49.2% of all mothers who ever drink tea were more likely to have an infant with CHD (P < 0.05), with the highest OR values observed in North and Central Shaanxi. Additionally, maternal alcohol intake frequency ≥ 1/week was significantly correlated with CHD among about 24.7% of participants (P < 0.05), with OR values ranging from 0.738 (Central Shaanxi) to 1.198 (North Shaanxi). The rates of unhealthy maternal lifestyles during pregnancy associated with CHD differed in various areas of the province. The role of geographical variations in these factors may provide some possible clues and basis for tailoring site-specific intervention strategies.
Determining the contribution of a high-fructose corn syrup formulation to hepatic glycogen synthesis during ad-libitum feeding in mice
Authors: DiNunzio Giada , Belew Getachew D. , Torres Alejandra N. , Silva João Gabriel , Silva Luis P. , Barosa Cristina , Tavares Ludgero , Jones John G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExcessive sugar intake including high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is implicated in the rise of obesity, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver glycogen synthesis is influenced by both fructose and insulin signaling. Therefore, the effect of HFCS on hepatic glycogenesis was evaluated in mice feeding ad-libitum. Using deuterated water: the fraction of glycogen derived from triose-P sources, Krebs cycle substrates, and direct pathway + cycling, was measured in 9 normal-chow fed mice (NC) and 12 mice fed normal chow plus a 55% fructose/45% glucose mix in the drinking water at 30% w/v (HFCS-55). This was enriched with [U-13C]fructose or [U-13C]glucose to determine the contribution of each to glycogenesis. For NC, direct pathway + cycling, Krebs cycle, and triose-P sources accounted for 66 ± 0.7%, 23 ± 0.8% and 11 ± 0.4% of glycogen synthesis, respectively. HFCS-55 mice had similar direct pathway + cycling (64 ± 1%) but lower Krebs cycle (12 ± 1%, p < 0.001) and higher triose-P contributions (24 ± 1%, p < 0.001). HFCS-55-fructose contributed 17 ± 1% via triose-P and 2 ± 0% via Krebs cycle. HFCS-55-glucose contributed 16 ± 3% via direct pathway and 1 ± 0% via Krebs cycle. In conclusion, HFCS-55 supplementation resulted in similar hepatic glycogen deposition rates. Indirect pathway contributions shifted from Krebs cycle to Triose-P sources reflecting HFCS-55-fructose utilization, while HFCS-55-glucose was incorporated almost exclusively by the direct pathway.
The value of multiparameter 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in differentiating retroperitoneal paragangliomas from unicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Hou Guozhu , Zhu Zhaohui , Huo Li , Cheng Wuying , Li Fang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the value of multiple parameters retrieved from the FDG PET/CT studies, including SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, MTV, TLG, tumour size in differentiating retroperitoneal paragangliomas from UCD. 28 patients with solitary retroperitoneal masses who had undergone preoperative18F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively evaluated. Histopathology by surgical resection confirmed 17 paragangliomas and 11 UCDs. SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, MTV, TLG, and tumour size of18F-FDG PET/CT were measured for each patient. Mann–Whitney U-test was used to assess differences in multiple parameters between paragangliomas and UCDs. The ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the differential diagnostic value of these parameters. Paragangliomas presented significantly higher SUVmax (P < 0.001), SUVmean (P = 0.001), SUVpeak (P < 0.001), and TLG (P = 0.024) than UCDs, whereas no significant difference was observed in MTV. The AUCs for differentiating paragangliomas and UCDs were 0.920, 0.888, 0.909, and 0.765 for SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, and TLG, respectively. The SUVmax cut-off of 7.75 yielded 82.4% sensitivity and 100% specificity for predicting paragangliomas. This study indicated that18F FDG PET/CT-derived multiple metabolic parameters are useful in distinguishing between paragangliomas and UCDs. SUVmax showed the best result for the differential diagnosis of these two diseases among multiple metabolic parameters.
A novel predictive score for citrate accumulation among patients receiving artificial liver support system therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation
Authors: Ma Yuanji , Chen Fang , Liu Changhai , Xu Yan , Wang Ming , Zhou Taoyou , Lei Xuezhong , Feng Ping , Bai Lang , Tang Hong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPatients with liver failure may suffer citrate accumulation when using regional citrate anticoagulation for artificial liver support system therapy (RCA-ALSS therapy). This study aimed to develop a predictive scoring system to stratify the risk of citrate accumulation. A total of 338 patients treated with RCA-ALSS therapy were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into derivation and validation cohorts. Longer duration of citrate accumulation (LDCA) was defined as the presence of citrate accumulation 2 h after RCA-ALSS therapy. Four baseline variables were found to be independently associated with LDCA: gender, international normalized ratio of prothrombin time, serum creatinine, and serum chloride. A predictive R-CA model and its simplified R-CA score were developed. The R-CA model (AUROC = 0.848) was found to be superior to the MELD score (AUROC = 0.725; p = 0.022) and other univariate predictors (AUROCs < 0.700; all p ≤ 0.001) in predicting LDCA. The R-CA score (AUROC = 0.803) was as capable as the R-CA model (p = 0.369) and the MELD score (p = 0.174), and was superior to other univariate predictors (all p < 0.05) in predicting LDCA. An R-CA score of 0–2 had a negative predictive value of 90.2% for LDCA. Our R-CA score reliably predicts LDCA in patients with RCA-ALSS therapy, and it is easy to use. Patients with R-CA score of 0–2 can safely receive RCA-ALSS therapy, while others should be carefully evaluated before treatment.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000029179. Registered 17 January 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48084.
Attentional control moderates the relationship between pain catastrophizing and selective attention to pain faces on the antisaccade task
Authors: Ranjbar Seyran , Mazidi Mahdi , Sharpe Louise , Dehghani Mohsen , Khatibi Ali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCognitive models of chronic pain emphasize the critical role of pain catastrophizing in attentional bias to pain-related stimuli. The aim of this study was (a) to investigate the relationship between pain catastrophizing and the ability to inhibit selective attention to pain-related faces (attentional bias); and (b) to determine whether attentional control moderated this relationship. One hundred and ten pain-free participants completed the anti-saccade task with dynamic facial expressions, specifically painful, angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions and questionnaires including a measure of pain catastrophizing. As predicted, participants with high pain catastrophizing had significantly higher error rates for antisaccade trials with pain faces relative to other facial expressions, indicating a difficulty disinhibiting attention towards painful faces. In moderation analyses, data showed that attentional control moderated the relationship between attentional bias to pain faces and pain catastrophizing. Post-hoc analyses demonstrated that it was shifting attention (not focusing) that accounted for this effect. Only for those with high self-reported ability to shift attention was there a significant relationship between catastrophizing and attentional bias to pain. These findings confirm that attentional control is necessary for an association between attentional bias and catastrophizing to be observed, which may explain the lack of relationships between attentional bias and individual characteristics, such as catastrophizing, in prior research.
Interactions between the imperiled West Indian manatee, Trichechus manatus, and mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA
Authors: Reeves Lawrence E. , Gillett-Kaufman Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), including those vectored by mosquitoes, have recently been cited as potential emerging health threats to marine mammals. Despite the fully aquatic habits of cetaceans, immunologic exposure to arboviruses including West Nile virus and Eastern equine encephalitis virus has been detected in wild Atlantic bottlenose dolphins, and captive orcas have been killed by West Nile virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus. Currently, there is no evidence of direct interactions between mosquitoes and marine mammals in nature, and it remains unknown how wild cetaceans are exposed to mosquito-vectored pathogens. Here, we report the first evidence of direct interactions between an aquatic mammal, the West Indian manatee, a federally threatened species, and mosquitoes in nature. Observations of manatees in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA, indicate that mosquitoes of three genera, Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex are able to locate and land on surface-active manatees, and at minimum, penetrate and probe manatee epidermis with their mouthparts. Whether mosquitoes can successfully take a blood meal is not known; however, an arbovirus-infected mosquito can inoculate extravascular host tissues with virus-infected saliva during probing. These observations suggest that it is possible for marine mammals to be exposed to mosquito-vectored pathogens through direct interactions with mosquitoes.
Impact of the measured parameters of exoplanets on the inferred internal structure
Authors: Otegi J. F. , Dorn C. , Helled R. , Bouchy F. , Haldemann J. , Alibert Y. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Exoplanet characterization is one of the main foci of current exoplanetary science. For super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, we mostly rely on mass and radius measurements, which allow us to derive the mean density of the body and give a rough estimate of the bulk composition of the planet. However, the determination of planetary interiors is a very challenging task. In addition to the uncertainty in the observed fundamental parameters, theoretical models are limited owing to the degeneracy in determining the planetary composition.
Aims. We aim to study several aspects that affect the internal characterization of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes: observational uncertainties, location on the M–R diagram, impact of additional constraints such as bulk abundances or irradiation, and model assumptions.
Methods. We used a full probabilistic Bayesian inference analysis that accounts for observational and model uncertainties. We employed a nested sampling scheme to efficiently produce the posterior probability distributions for all the planetary structural parameter of interest. We included a structural model based on self-consistent thermodynamics of core, mantle, high-pressure ice, liquid water, and H–He envelope.
Results. Regarding the effect of mass and radius uncertainties on the determination of the internal structure, we find three different regimes: below the Earth-like composition line and above the pure-water composition line smaller observational uncertainties lead to better determination of the core and atmosphere mass, respectively; and between these regimes internal structure characterization only weakly depends on the observational uncertainties. We also find that using the stellar Fe/Si and Mg/Si abundances as a proxy for the bulk planetary abundances does not always provide additional constraints on the internal structure. Finally we show that small variations in the temperature or entropy profiles lead to radius variations that are comparable to the observational uncertainty. This suggests that uncertainties linked to model assumptions can eventually become more relevant to determine the internal structure than observational uncertainties.
Juristische Risiken von Fernbehandlungen
Authors: Krüger M. 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag nimmt sich der im Mai 2018 erfolgten Lockerung des Fernbehandlungsverbots im ärztlichen Berufs- und Standesrecht an. Dabei kann es selbstverständlich bloß um einen (kursorischen) Überblick gehen, der nicht davon befreit, im Einzelfall weiteren Rechtsrat von juristisch kompetenten Personen bzw. Institutionen einholen zu müssen. Im Übrigen ist zu beachten, dass kammerspezifische Besonderheiten in den folgenden Überlegungen außen vor bleiben müssen. Sie gehen vielmehr vom Regelfall aus, dass sich die für den konkreten Arzt jeweils verbindliche Berufsordnung der zuständigen (Landes-)Ärztekammer, soweit es Fernbehandlungen betrifft, entweder im Wortlaut oder aber wenigstens in der Sache an der Musterberufsordnung orientiert. Im Mittelpunkt der Überlegungen stehen wiederum haftungsrechtliche Aspekte, die (Haut-)Ärzte vielleicht mehr umtreiben als schnöde Abrechnungsfragen, die man bei Fernbehandlungen aber selbstverständlich nicht völlig aus dem Blick verlieren darf, wenn man sie abrechnen will.
Lungensonografie bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf COVID-19 – Schritt-für-Schritt
Authors: Schmid Bonaventura , Hornuß Daniel , Feuerstein Doreen , Schultheiß Michael , Damjanovic Domagoj 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPulmonary sonography can be a valuable aid in the differential diagnosis of a variety of cardiopulmonary diseases, including patients with COVID-19. Pulmonary sonography is an examination method that is also quickly available at the bedside without additional risks for the patient. When COVID-19 is suspected, lung sonography is a valuable component of initial diagnosis when used systematically, performed hygienically and correctly. However, the findings of pulmonary sonography must be placed in the clinical context; sonography does not replace the gold standard of PCR diagnosis. The article shows how this sonography is performed and which findings in COVID-19 are relevant.
Struma juvenilis: Krankheit oder Scheindiagnose?
Authors: Gärtner Roland 
Published: July 2020

SummaryNach WHO-Kriterien weisen 58,2% der Kinder und Jugendlichen in Deutschland einen Jodmangel auf. Dieser führt zu einer Vergrößerung der Schilddrüse. Neben der Struma ist unter Jodmangel auch die Bildung von Knoten begünstigt, die bei Kindern häufiger maligne sind, als bei Erwachsenen. Deshalb ist eine Jodsubstitution nach Empfehlung der Fachgesellschaften mindestens bis zur Pubertät angeraten. Studien zeigen auch, dass Knotenstrumen bei Jodmangel häufig kombiniert mit einer niedrigen Selenzufuhr entstehen. In der Prävention und Therapie der juvenilen Struma scheint daher eine adäquate Selenversorgung eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen. Diese erweist sich auch bei der Therapie und Prävention einer Autoimmunthyreoiditis (AIT) als sinnvoll, die ebenfalls eine Ursache der kindlichen Struma sein kann.
Chronischer Schmerz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Ahnert Rosemarie 
Published: July 2020

SummaryChronischer Schmerz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ist ein unterschätztes Thema. Die Prävalenz ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten gestiegen. Von großer Bedeutung ist nicht nur die Stärke des Schmerzes, sondern die gefühlte Beeinträchtigung durch den Schmerz. Entscheidend für das Ausmaß des Leidens sind schmerzbezogene Überzeugungen, Resilienzfaktoren und das damit verbundene Verhalten und Einschränkungen. Diese betreffen häufig das Vermeiden von Sozialkontakten, aber auch das Auftreten weiterer Beschwerden wie Schlafstörungen, Appetitverlust, Konzentrationsschwierigkeiten, die weitreichende Folgen haben können für die weitere Entwicklung in allen Bereichen des Lebens. In der Therapie ist immer eine individuelle Betrachtung des jeweiligen Falles notwendig.Zur Behandlung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen hat sich die multimodale Schmerztherapie als wirksam erwiesen. Die Autorin stellt anhand dreier Fälle aus der Praxis die Komplexität des chronischen Schmerzes vor sowie das Vorgehen in der multimodalen Schmerztherapie.
Skoliosetherapie in der Pubertät
Authors: Güttinger Kathrin , Rosmann-Reif Karin 
Published: July 2020

SummarySkoliose ist in 80% der Fälle idiopathisch bedingt und tritt vor Einsetzen der knöchernen Skelettreife auf. In der Zeit der Pubertät ist die Therapie der Skoliose besonders wichtig, um ihre Progredienz aufzuhalten. Allerdings ist es oft nicht leicht, die Patienten für die langwierige Therapie zu motivieren. Für eine gute Compliance ist es wichtig, dass die immer an die Ressourcen und Lebensumstände der Patienten angepasst ist. Zudem sollte das Behandlungsteam aus Physiotherapeuten, Ärzten und ggf. Orthopädietechnikern eng zusammenarbeiten, damit alle Informationen aufeinander abgestimmt sind. Die Schroth-Therapie ist die am weitesten verbreitete Skoliosetherapie.
Wenn Wachsen wehtut – Wachstumsschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Herz Mona 
Published: July 2020

SummaryWachstumsschmerzen sind Missempfindungen oder Schmerzen, die Kinder und Jugendliche meist in Waden, Kniekehlen, Schienbeinen oder der Vorderseite der Oberschenkel beschreiben. Sie treten als Ruheschmerzen auf. Die Ursachen sind nicht eindeutig geklärt, die Diagnosestellung erfolgt durch Differenzialdiagnostik.Wachstumsschmerzen sind harmlos, können aber trotzdem belastend sein. Eine ursächliche Therapie existiert nicht. Massagen, Wärme- oder Kälteanwendungen lindern. Analgetika sollten nur bei sehr starken Schmerzen geben. Besonders wichtig sind Nähe und Zuneigung der Eltern.