bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrode Materials for Practical Rechargeable Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Zhu Kaiyue , Wu Tao , Sun Shichen , Wen Yeting , Huang Kevin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) based on near‐neutral aqueous electrolytes have been actively researched in recent years as an alternative large‐scale stationary storage device because of their outstanding merits in energy density, safety, cost, and environmental impact. Although remarkable materials advancements have been reported recently, particularly in the area of Zn‐ion‐storing cathodes, the commercialization course of ZIBs is still being hindered by several key technical issues such as capacity, degradation, self‐discharge, etc. Recognizing that there are ample Reviews on ZIBs in the literature, the focus of this article is to specifically address the current development and critical challenges in ZIB electrodes and provide candid opinions for future commercialization of ZIBs. The Review starts with a brief introduction to ZIBs and their unique advantages in stationary energy storage, and then moves onto the current Zn‐ion storage mechanisms, progress and issues associated with cathodes and anodes. Finally, the Review is concluded with perspectives and directions of future ZIB development.
Rationalizing the AlI‐Promoted Oxidative Addition of C−C Versus C−H Bonds in Arenes
Authors: Cabrera‐Trujillo Jorge Juan , Fernández Israel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe factors controlling the oxidative addition of C−C and C−H bonds in arenes mediated by AlI have been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory calculations. To this end, we compared the processes involving benzene, naphthalene and anthracene which are promoted by a recently prepared anionic AlI‐carbenoid. It is found that this species exhibits a strong tendency to oxidatively activate C−H bonds over C−C bonds, with the notable exception of benzene, where the C−C bond activation is feasible but only under kinetic control reaction conditions. State‐of‐the‐art computational methods based on the combination of the Activation Strain Model of reactivity and the Energy Decomposition Analysis have been used to rationalize the competition between both bond activation reactions as well as to quantitatively analyze in detail the ultimate factors controlling these transformations.
Rational Design of Azothiophenes—Substitution Effects on the Switching Properties
Authors: Heindl Andreas H. , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA series of substituted azothiophenes was prepared and investigated toward their isomerization behavior. Compared to azobenzene (AB), the presented compounds showed red‐shifted absorption and almost quantitative photoisomerization to their (Z) states. Furthermore, it was found that electron‐withdrawing substitution on the phenyl moiety increases, while electron‐donating substitution decreases the thermal half‐lives of the (Z)‐isomers due to higher or lower stabilization by a lone pair–π interaction. Additionally, computational analysis of the isomerization revealed that a pure singlet state transition state is unlikely in azothiophenes. A pathway via intersystem crossing to a triplet energy surface of lower energy than the singlet surface provided a better fit with experimental data of the (Z)→(E) isomerization. The insights gained in this study provide the necessary guidelines to design effective thiophenylazo‐photoswitches for applications in photopharmacology, material sciences, or solar energy harvesting applications.
Multinuclear PtII Complexes: Why Three is Better Than Two to Enhance Photophysical Properties
Authors: Chakraborty Sourav , Aliprandi Alessandro , De Cola Luisa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe self‐assembly of platinum complexes is a well‐documented process that leads to interesting changes of the photophysical and electrochemical behavior as well as to a change in reactivity of the complexes. However, it is still not clear how many metal units must interact in order to achieve the desired properties of a large assembly. This work aimed to clarify the role of the number of interacting PtII units leading to an enhancement of the spectroscopic properties and how to address inter‐ versus intramolecular processes. Therefore, a series of neutral multinuclear PtII complexes were synthesized and characterized, and their photophysical properties at different concentration were studied. Going from the monomer to dimers, the growth of a new emission band and the enhancement of the emission properties were observed. Upon increasing the platinum units up to three, the monomeric blue emission could not be detected anymore and a concentration independent bright‐yellow/orange emission, due to the establishment of intramolecular metallophilic interactions, was observed.
Alkoxydiaminophosphine Ligands as Surrogates of NHCs in Copper Catalysis
Authors: Pizarro Juan Diego , Molina Francisco , Fructos Manuel R. , Pérez Pedro J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA family of phosphine ligands containing a five‐membered ring similar to the popular N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands and an alkoxy third substituent has been developed. These alkoxydiaminophosphine ligands (ADAP) can be generated in one pot and reacted with a copper(I) source leading to the high yield isolation of complexes [(ADAP)CuX]2 (X=Cl, Br). The dinuclear nature of these compounds has been established by means of X‐ray studies and DOSY experiments. A screening of the catalytic properties of these complexes toward carbene‐transfer reactions from diazocompounds to C−H bonds (alkane, arene), olefins or N−H bonds, as well as in CuAAC or nitrene transfer reactions have shown a performance at least similar, if not better, than their (NHC)CuCl analogues, opening a new window in copper catalysis with these readily tunable ADAP ligands.
Selective Hydroboration–Oxidation of Terminal Alkenes under Flow Conditions
Authors: Elsherbini Mohamed , Huynh Florence , Dunbabin Alice , Allemann Rudolf K. , Wirth Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn efficient flow process for the selective hydroboration and oxidation of different alkenes using 9‐borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane (9‐BBN) allows facile conversion in high productivity (1.4 g h−1) of amorpha‐4,11‐diene to the corresponding alcohol, which is an advanced intermediate in the synthesis of the antimalarial drug artemisinin. The in situ reaction of borane and 1,5‐cyclooctadiene using a simple flow generator proved to be a cost efficient solution for the generation of 9‐BBN.
Reversibility of the Ex‐Solution↔Redispersion Processes of Rhodium in Rh0.15Ce0.85O2‐y Nanoparticles Deposited on Functionalized Alumina
Authors: Ledwa Karolina A. , Kępiński Leszek , Pawlyta Mirosława 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUniform, highly dispersed (<5 nm) Rh0.15Ce0.85O2‐y nanoparticles deposited on the alumina support functionalized with alkylsilane were obtained in this work and studied in detail, to characterize their basic properties and thermal stability in the oxidizing and reducing atmosphere. In the next step, the possibility to perform the reversible ex‐solution of Rh nanoparticles in the reducing environment (500 °C, H2), and its redispersion into the cerium oxide structure in the oxidizing environment (400 °C, air) was studied with the use of a wide range of experimental methods (XRD, Raman spectroscopy, STEM‐HAADF/EDS, H2‐TPR/TPO, XPS). Good reduction‐oxidation reversibility of the metal ions in ceria nanoparticles was proved, with no increase of the nanoparticles’ size. In the reducing atmosphere, small particles of reduced rhodium were formed, and these particles disappeared in the oxidizing environment. Also, the number of oxygen vacancies significantly changed depending on the treatment.
Conditional generative adversarial networks based on the principle of homologycontinuity for face aging
Authors: Ning Xin , Gou Duoduo , Dong Xiaoli , Tian Weijuan , Yu Lina , Wang Chuansheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAge is one of the most important biological characteristics of the human face. The increase of age coincides with the increase of the aging degree of the face. Face aging synthesis is attracting increasingly more attention from domestic and overseas scholars in the computer vision and computer graphics fields, and it can be integrated into the basic research of face correlation, such as cross‐age face analysis and age estimation. At present, some achievements have been made in face aging synthesis research; however, it is still an urgent problem to reduce the number of parameters and computational complexity of the network while ensuring the aging effect. Therefore, a new face aging algorithm is proposed in this article. Unlike the previous methods of aging process simulation, we introduce an assisted age classification network based on the principle of homology continuity, which is more in line with the human cognition process. After pretraining, the result of age classification is improved, and the pretraining model is then added to the framework of aging face generation for fine‐tuning to constrain the generated aging face, which can improve the aging accuracy of the generated image. Furthermore, we reconstruct the input face by using the age tag of the input face and the synthesized aging face and maintain the identity invariance in the face aging process by minimizing the reconstruction loss. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this article produces a considerable effect of face aging and significantly reduces the number of parameters and the complexity of computational.
Tuning the Emission Color of Indolo[3,2‐b]carbazole‐Based Boron Complexes and their Application in Organic Field Effect Transistors and Bioimaging
Authors: Koli Mrunesh R. , Labiod Amina , Chakraborty Saikat , Kumar Mukesh , Lévêque Patrick , Ulrich Gilles , Leclerc Nicolas , Jacquemin Denis , Mula Soumyaditya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSynthetic strategies were developed for the preparation of indolo‐imine boron difluoride (IIBD) dyes based on indolo[3,2‐b]carbazole structures. Four new IIBD dyes were synthesized and were subsequently converted into the corresponding ‐BPh2/‐BOR2 and N‐t‐Boc/N‐benzoyl derivatives. The photophysical properties of all dyes were determined in both solution and solid media. All dyes absorb in the UV/Vis region, show negative solvatochromism, and are fluorescent in both media. The absorbance and fluorescence properties of the dyes can be tuned over a wide range by synthetic modifications. These findings are rationalized by theoretical calculations that correspond well to the experimental shifts, explain the negative solvatochromism, and allow quantification of charge transfer (CT). Similarly, the HOMO–LUMO energies measured by CV are in good agreement with the theoretically calculated values. Interestingly, the energy gaps of the dyes can also be tuned by structural modulations using the developed chemical route. Charge transport properties of the dyes were checked and showed that the N‐benzoyl derivative has the highest hole mobility which is useful for organic field effect transistor (OFET) applications. In addition, easy cellular uptake of the dyes, their low toxicity and high stability inside the cells associated with bright fluorescence in the cytoplasm will be useful for their future application as cellular imaging agents. All of these aspects highlight the interest of this new class of dyes.
Does plant community plasticity mediate microbial homeostasis?
Authors: Buckeridge Kate M. , McLaren Jennie R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicrobial homeostasis—constant microbial element ratios along resource gradients—is a core ecological tenet, yet not all systems display homeostasis. We suggest investigations of homeostasis mechanisms must also consider plant–microbial interactions. Specifically, we hypothesized that ecosystems with strong plant community plasticity to changing resources will have homeostatic microbial communities, with less microbial resource cost, because plants reduce variance in resource stoichiometry. Using long‐term nutrient additions in two ecosystems with differing plant response, we fail to support our hypothesis because although homeostasis appears stronger in the system with stronger plant response, microbial mechanisms were also stronger. However, our conclusions were undermined by high heterogeneity in resources, which may be common in ecosystem‐level studies, and methodological assumptions may be exacerbated by shifting plant communities. We propose our study as a starting point for further ecosystem‐scale investigations, with higher replication to address microbial and soil variability, and improved insight into microbial assimilable resources.
Episodic herbivory, plant density dependence, and stimulation of aboveground plant production
Authors: Ritchie Mark E. , Penner Jacob F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerbivory is a major energy transfer within ecosystems; an open question is under what circumstances it can stimulate aboveground seasonal primary production. Despite multiple field demonstrations, past theory considered herbivory as a continuous process and found stimulation of seasonal production to be unlikely. Here, we report a new theoretical model that explores the consequences of discrete herbivory events, or episodes, separated in time. We discovered that negative density (biomass) dependence of plant growth, such as might be expected from resource limitation of plant growth, favors stimulation of seasonal production by infrequent herbivory events under a wide range of herbivory intensities and maximum plant relative growth rates. Results converge to those of previous models under repeated, short‐interval herbivory, which generally reduces seasonal production. Model parameters were estimated with new and previous data from the Serengeti ecosystem. Patterns of observed frequent and large magnitude stimulated production in these data agreed generally with those predicted by the episodic herbivory model. The model thus may provide a new framework for evaluating the sustainability and impact of herbivory.
Nanoliposome Powder Containing Shrimp Oil Increases Free Flowing Behavior and Storage Stability
Authors: Gulzar Saqib , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: April 2020

AbstractShrimp oil nanoliposomes dried by freeze‐drying and spray‐drying are characterized, in which carboxy methyl cellulose and fumed silica (SiO2) at various proportions are used as wall material and anti‐caking agent. Spray‐dried powder (SDP) is spherical in shape with average particle size of 5.33 ± 2.55 µm, while the freeze‐dried powder (FDP) having average size of 240.8 ± 237.4 µm is irregular. SDP shows better flowability than FDP, which is more porous with much lower bulk density. Encapsulation efficiency (68.52 ± 1.85%) and solubility (85.22 ± 1.4) of SDP are greater than FDP (51.18 ± 3.81% and 71.25 ± 1.3, respectively) (p < 0.05). However, the wettability of FDP is higher with shorter reconstitution time. FDP exhibits lower oxidation of total encapsulated oil and better retention of n‐3 fatty acids (p < 0.05). Overall, both FDP and SDP are thermodynamically stable and the aforementioned powders have the prolonged storage time of six weeks.Practical Applications: Oil from shrimp cephalothorax, a byproduct from shrimp processing industries, is one of the rich sources of omega‐3 fatty acids and astaxanthin. Encapsulation of shrimp oil in nanoliposomes is a promising technology, which can be utilized to protect the oil against oxidation and mask the off‐odors. Shrimp oil nanoliposome powder prepared using spray‐drying and freeze‐drying processes and added with the anticaking agents offers numerous advantages such as good flowability, better solubility, and enhanced encapsulation efficiency in addition to the improved oxidative stability and no significant loss of bioactive PUFAs. The shrimp oil nanoliposome powder could be used in the fortification of number of food products, particularly beverages. Moreover, due to the powdered form, the shelf stability is increased, handling and transportation becomes easier, and the cost is significantly reduced.
DNA–protein crosslinks from environmental exposure: Mechanisms of formation and repair
Authors: Kojima Yusuke , Machida Yuichi J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany environmental carcinogens cause DNA damage, which can result in mutations and other alterations in genomic DNA if not repaired promptly. Because of the bulkiness of the lesions, DNA–protein crosslinks (DPCs) are one of the types of toxic DNA damage with potentially deleterious consequences. Despite the importance of DPCs, how cells remove these complex DNA adducts has been incompletely understood. However, major progress in the DPC repair field over the past 5 years now supports the view that cells are equipped with multiple mechanisms to cope with DPCs. Here, we first provide an overview of environmental substances that induce DPCs, describing the sources of exposure and mechanisms of DPC formation. We then review current models of DPC repair and discuss their significance for environmental carcinogens.
Volatile composition of eight blueberry cultivars and their relationship with sensory attributes
Authors: Cheng Ke , Peng Bangzhu , Yuan Fang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe volatile compositions of eight blueberry cultivars (‘Premier’, ‘Gardenblue’, ‘Legacy’, ‘Brigitta’, ‘Misty’, ‘O’Neal’, ‘Bluerain’ and ‘Northland’) grown in the middle region of China were investigated. Volatiles were extracted by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and analysed by gas chromatography—quadrupole time of flight—mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC‐QTOF‐MS). A total of 28 volatiles were identified and quantified, including 5 esters, 11 terpenoids, 3 aldehydes, 6 alcohols and 3 volatile phenols. Different blueberry cultivars had distinct varietal volatile profiles. Rabbiteye cultivars, ‘Premier’ and ‘Gardenblue’, were characterized by a large amount of esters, especially for ethyl acetate. ‘Misty’ had the highest terpenoid content. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLS) were selected to correlate the chemical data with sensory perceptions. PCA showed that esters were dominant in rabbiteye blueberries, especially for ethyl acetate. No distinct pattern of volatile profile was found for the highbush and half‐highbush blueberry cultivars. PLS showed that the grassy descriptor was positively correlated with linalool and hexanal. The minty descriptor was positively correlated with eucalyptol.
Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID19) pandemic
Authors: Patel Rusha J. , Kejner Alexandra , McMullen Caitlin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) pandemic has caused rapid changes in head and neck cancer (HNC) care. “Real‐time” methods to monitor practice patterns can optimize provider safety and patient care.MethodsHead and neck surgeons from 14 institutions in the United States regularly contributed their practice patterns to a shared spreadsheet. Data from 27 March 2020 to 5 April 2020 was analyzed.ResultsAll institutions had significantly restricted HNC clinic evaluations. Two institutions stopped free‐flap surgery with the remaining scheduling surgery by committee review. Factors contributing to reduced clinical volume included lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) (35%) and lack of rapid COVID‐19 testing (86%).ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has caused a reduction in HNC care. Rapid COVID‐19 testing and correlation with infectious potential remain paramount to resuming the care of patients with head and neck cancer. Cloud‐based platforms to share practice patterns will be essential as the pandemic evolves.
Dispositional playfulness in young children: A cross‐sectional and longitudinal examination of the psychometric properties of a new child self‐reported playfulness scale and associations with social behaviour
Authors: Fink Elian , Mareva Silvana , Gibson Jenny L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost research on children's play takes a context‐dependent, adult‐focused observational approach to the measurement of play. The current two studies present the development and psychometric properties of the Child Self‐Report Playfulness (CSRP) scale, which was presented via “puppet‐show” to two samples of children. Study 1, across 98 children between 5 and 7 years of age, showed that the items of the CSRP had good internal consistency, were stable across the 6‐week test–retest period and, for the most part, showed no differential item functioning across age, gender, and language ability. Study 2 involved a longitudinal sample of children followed from Reception (age 5,N= 244) to Year 1 (age 6). Findings revealed favourable psychometric properties using longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance. Associations between child playfulness and teacher‐ and peer‐ratings of social behaviour were examined, and showed specific associations between playfulness and teacher‐rated play interaction, rather than social maturity, problem behaviour or social preference. Overall, the CSRP appears to be a promising approach to the measurement of dispositional playfulness in young children.HighlightsWe developed a Child Self‐Reported Playfulness scale (CSRP) to assess children's perceptions of their own playfulness.Across two separate samples, the CSRP had favourable psychometric properties, was stable across the ages of 5 and 6 and showed specific associations with teacher‐rated play.The findings of the current studies have important implications for our understanding and measurement of children's play across development.
Negative interest rate policy and the yield curve
Authors: Wu Jing Cynthia , Xia Fan Dora 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWe evaluate the implications of the ECB's negative interest rate policy (NIRP) on the yield curve. To capture various shapes of the short end of the yield curve induced by the NIRP, we introduce two policy indicators, which summarize the immediate and longer horizon future monetary policy stances. We find that the four NIRP events lowered the short‐term interest rate by the same amount. The impact is dampened at longer maturities for the first two event dates, due to lack of forward guidance. By contrast, for the last two dates, forward guidance drives the largest effects in two years.