bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential use of pumice in mine backfill
Authors: Hefni Mohammed A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of natural pozzolans in concrete applications is gaining more attention because of the associated environmental, economic, and technical benefits. In this study, reference cemented mine backfill samples were prepared using Portland cement, and experimental samples were prepared by partially replacing Portland cement with 10 or 20 wt.% fly ash as a byproduct (artificial) pozzolan or pumice as a natural pozzolan. Samples were cured for 7, 14, and 28 days to investigate uniaxial compressive strength development. Backfill samples containing 10 wt.% pumice had almost a similar compressive strength as reference samples. There is strong potential for pumice to be used in cemented backfill to minimize costs, improve backfill properties, and promote the sustainability of the mining industry.
Comorbidity and severity-of-illness risk adjustment for hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection using data from the electronic medical record
Authors: Cabral Stephanie M. , Goodman Katherine E. , Blanco Natalia , Leekha Surbhi , Magder Larry S. , Nadimpalli Gita , Pineles Lisa , Thom Kerri A. , Harris Anthony D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To determine whether electronically available comorbidities and laboratory values on admission are risk factors for hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI) across multiple institutions and whether they could be used to improve risk adjustment.Patients:All patients at least 18 years of age admitted to 3 hospitals in Maryland between January 1, 2016, and January 1, 2018.Methods:Comorbid conditions were assigned using the Elixhauser comorbidity index. Multivariable log-binomial regression was conducted for each hospital using significant covariates (P < .10) in a bivariate analysis. Standardized infection ratios (SIRs) were computed using current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) risk adjustment methodology and with the addition of Elixhauser score and individual comorbidities.Results:At hospital 1, 314 of 48,057 patient admissions (0.65%) had a HO-CDI; 41 of 8,791 patient admissions (0.47%) at community hospital 2 had a HO-CDI; and 75 of 29,211 patient admissions (0.26%) at community hospital 3 had a HO-CDI. In multivariable regression, Elixhauser score was a significant risk factor for HO-CDI at all hospitals when controlling for age, antibiotic use, and antacid use. Abnormal leukocyte level at hospital admission was a significant risk factor at hospital 1 and hospital 2. When Elixhauser score was included in the risk adjustment model, it was statistically significant (P < .01). Compared with the current CDC SIR methodology, the SIR of hospital 1 decreased by 2%, whereas the SIRs of hospitals 2 and 3 increased by 2% and 6%, respectively, but the rankings did not change.Conclusions:Electronically available patient comorbidities are important risk factors for HO-CDI and may improve risk-adjustment methodology.
Effectiveness of barrier precautions for prevention of patient-to-patient transfer of a viral DNA surrogate marker
Authors: Alhmidi Heba , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Ng-Wong Yilen K. , Jencson Annette L. , Wilson Brigid M. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground:Gloves and gowns are used during patient care to reduce contamination of personnel and prevent pathogen transmission.Objective:To determine whether the use of gowns adds a substantial benefit over gloves alone in preventing patient-to-patient transfer of a viral DNA surrogate marker.Methods:In total, 30 source patients had 1 cauliflower mosaic virus surrogate marker applied to their skin and clothing and a second to their bed rail and bedside table. Personnel caring for the source patients were randomized to wear gloves, gloves plus cover gowns, or no barrier. Interactions with up to 7 subsequent patients were observed, and the percentages of transfer of the DNA markers were compared among the 3 groups.Results:In comparison to the no-barrier group (57.8% transfer of 1 or both markers), there were significant reductions in transfer of the DNA markers in the gloves group (31.1% transfer; odds ratio [OR], 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02-0.73) and the gloves-plus-gown group (25.9% transfer; OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.01–0.51). The addition of a cover gown to gloves during the interaction with the source patient did not significantly reduce the transfer of the DNA marker (P = .53). During subsequent patient interactions, transfer of the DNA markers was significantly reduced if gloves plus gowns were worn and if hand hygiene was performed (P < .05).Conclusions:Wearing gloves or gloves plus gowns reduced the frequency of patient-to-patient transfer of a viral DNA surrogate marker. The use of gloves plus gowns during interactions with the source patient did not reduce transfer in comparison to gloves alone.
LABYRINTHS, LIMINALITY AND EKPHRASIS: THE GRAPHICAL IMPETUS IN THE MUSIC OF KENNETH HESKETH
Authors: Metcalf Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article is an introduction to the graphical impetus in the music of Kenneth Hesketh (b. 1968), from around 2012 to the present day, including his recent work, Viae (2020). Through examination of Hesketh's graphical control of a number of musical parameters, the article will demonstrate that the idea of a ‘musical ekphrasis’ can be extended through the incorporation of spatial aspects in determinate music to result in what the author deems a graphical ekphrasis. Whilst in no way exhaustive in its exploration of Hesketh's multi-parametric approach to composition, the article provides an analysis of selected compositional methodologies relating to both composition design and audience communication, situating them alongside other contemporary musical examples and trends.
Off-target pesticide movement: a review of our current understanding of drift due to inversions and secondary movement
Authors: Bish Mandy , Oseland Eric , Bradley Kevin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPesticide drift has been a concern since the introduction of pesticides. Historical incidences with off-target movement of 2,4-D and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) have increased our understanding of pesticide fate in the atmosphere following aerial application. More recent incidences with dicamba have brought to light gaps in our current understanding of aerial pesticide movement following ground application. In this paper, we review the current understanding of inversions and other weather and environmental factors that contribute to secondary pesticide movement and raise questions that need to be addressed. Factors that influence volatility and terminology associated with the atmosphere, such as cool air drainage, temperature inversions, and radiation cooling will be discussed. We also present literature that highlights the need to consider the role(s) of wind in secondary drift in addition to the role in physical drift. With increased awareness of pesticide movement and more herbicide-resistant traits available than ever before, it has become even more essential that we understand secondary movement of pesticides, recognize our gaps in understanding, and advance from what is currently unknown.
BHIPP:0–5: Primary Care Practice Transformation in Early Childhood Behavioral Health Integration
Authors: Talmi Ayelet , Millar Amanda , Buchholz Melissa , Burnett Bridget , Wolcott Catherine 
Published: December 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to (a) describe the development and implementation of Behavioral Health in Pediatric Populations:0–5 (BHIPP:0–5), an initiative designed to increase the capacity of primary care practices to deliver early childhood behavioral health (ECBH) integration activities; and (b) examine practice transformation changes in ECBH services for three types of primary care settings (federally qualified health care centers—FQHCs, private practices, nonprofit/community practices). Methods: BHIPP:0–5 pediatric psychologists and interdisciplinary TA professionals provided monthly technical assistance sessions and quarterly cohort learning collaboratives to nine diverse primary care practices. Changes in ECBH activity implementation were examined across and within three practice type groupings. Results: All BHIPP:0–5 practice types expanded their capacity to provide ECBH services from baseline to the end of Year 2. Prevention/health promotion activities evidenced the most growth (from 16% in baseline to 40% in Year 2). Practice types differed in implementation of ECBH services. FQHCs accounted for 75% of the total prevention/health promotion services, private practices provided the most case-based consultation/intervention (54%), and nonprofit/community practices accounted for 86% of the total care coordination/systems navigation services. Conclusions: Primary care settings are uniquely suited to address early childhood mental health in the context of routine care. The BHIPP:0–5 initiative supports practice transformation in early childhood behavioral health integration while simultaneously advancing systems-level policies and practices that promote high quality care, increase efficiency, improve utilization of preventive services, and decrease overall costs in alignment with health care systems goals. Implications for Impact Statement This study describes the development and implementation of a practice transformation initiative focused on early childhood behavioral health integration activities in a diverse group of primary care practices. The initiative was designed and delivered by pediatric psychologists in order to build the capacity of primary care settings to provide services aimed at addressing the complex needs of young children and their families. The data indicate that primary care practices successfully engaged in the initiative, benefitting from monthly technical assistance meetings and quarterly cohort learning collaboratives, and increased the amounts and types of early childhood services they provided to young children and their families.
Baseline mapping of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virology, epidemiology and vaccine research and development
Authors: Bopp Nathen E. , Kaiser Jaclyn A. , Strother Ashley E. , Barrett Alan D. T. , Beasley David W. C. , Benassi Virginia , Milligan Gregg N. , Preziosi Marie-Pierre , Reece Lisa M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a newly emergent tick-borne bunyavirus first discovered in 2009 in China. SFTSV is a growing public health problem that may become more prominent owing to multiple competent tick-vectors and the expansion of human populations in areas where the vectors are found. Although tick-vectors of SFTSV are found in a wide geographic area, SFTS cases have only been reported from China, South Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. Patients with SFTS often present with high fever, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and in some cases, symptoms can progress to severe outcomes, including hemorrhagic disease. Reported SFTSV case fatality rates range from ~5 to >30% depending on the region surveyed, with more severe disease reported in older individuals. Currently, treatment options for this viral infection remain mostly supportive as there are no licensed vaccines available and research is in the discovery stage. Animal models for SFTSV appear to recapitulate many facets of human disease, although none of the models mirror all clinical manifestations. There are insufficient data available on basic immunologic responses, the immune correlate(s) of protection, and the determinants of severe disease by SFTSV and related viruses. Many aspects of SFTSV virology and epidemiology are not fully understood, including a detailed understanding of the annual numbers of cases and the vertebrate host of the virus, so additional research on this disease is essential towards the development of vaccines and therapeutics.
A functional genomics approach to dissect spotted alfalfa aphid resistance in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Jacques Silke , Sperschneider Jana , Garg Gagan , Thatcher Louise F. , Gao Ling-Ling , Kamphuis Lars G. , Singh Karam B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAphids are virus-spreading insect pests affecting crops worldwide and their fast population build-up and insecticide resistance make them problematic to control. Here, we aim to understand the molecular basis of spotted alfalfa aphid (SAA) or Therioaphis trifolii f. maculata resistance in Medicago truncatula, a model organism for legume species. We compared susceptible and resistant near isogenic Medicago lines upon SAA feeding via transcriptome sequencing. Expression of genes involved in defense and stress responses, protein kinase activity and DNA binding were enriched in the resistant line. Potentially underlying some of these changes in gene expression was the finding that members of the MYB, NAC, AP2 domain and ERF transcription factor gene families were differentially expressed in the resistant versus susceptible lines. A TILLING population created in the resistant cultivar was screened using exome capture sequencing and served as a reverse genetics tool to functionally characterise genes involved in the aphid resistance response. This screening revealed three transcription factors (a NAC, AP2 domain and ERF) as important regulators in the defence response, as a premature stop-codon in the resistant background led to a delay in aphid mortality and enhanced plant susceptibility. This combined functional genomics approach will facilitate the future development of pest resistant crops by uncovering candidate target genes that can convey enhanced aphid resistance.
Quantile-specific heritability of sibling leptin concentrations and its implications for gene-environment interactions
Authors: Williams Paul T. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract“Quantile-dependent expressivity” occurs when the effect size of a genetic variant depends upon whether the phenotype (e.g., leptin) is high or low relative to its distribution. Leptin concentrations are strongly related to adiposity, whose heritability is quantile dependent. Whether inheritance of leptin concentrations is quantile dependent, and whether this explains the greater heritability in women than men in accordance with their greater adiposity, and explains other gene-environment interactions, remains to be determined. Therefore, leptin and leptin receptor concentrations from 3068 siblings in 1133 sibships from the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation Cohort were analyzed. Free leptin index (FLI) was calculated as the ratio of leptin to soluble leptin receptor concentrations. Full-sib (βFS) regression slopes were robustly estimated by quantile regression with nonparametric significance assigned from 1000 bootstrap samples. The analyses showed βFS increased significantly with increasing percentiles of the offspring’s age- and sex-adjusted leptin distribution (Plinear = 0.0001), which was accelerated at the higher concentrations (Pquadratic = 0.0003). βFS at the 90th percentile (0.418 ± 0.066) was 4.7-fold greater than at the 10th percentile (0.089 ± 0.032, Pdifference = 3.6 × 10−6). Consistent with quantile-dependent expressivity, the βFS was greater in female sibs, which was attributable to their higher leptin concentrations. Reported gene-environment interactions involving adiposity and LEP, LEPR, MnSOD, PPARγ, PPARγ2, and IRS-1 polymorphisms were consistent with quantile-dependent expressivity of leptin concentrations. βFS for leptin receptor concentrations and free leptin index also increased significantly with increasing percentiles of their distributions (Plinear = 0.04 and Plinear = 8.5 × 10−6, respectively). In conclusion, inherited genetic and shared environmental effects on leptin concentrations were quantile dependent, which likely explains male–female differences in heritability and some gene-environment interactions.
The effect of different fuels and clads on neutronic calculations in a boiling water reactor using the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Düz Mehtap , İnal Selcan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) modeling was done for the reactor core divided into square lattice 8 × 8 type using the Monte Carlo Method. Each of the square lattices in the reactor core was divided into small square lattices 7 × 7 type in groups of four. In the BWR designed in this study, modeling was made on fuel assemblies at pin-by-pin level by using neptunium mixed fuels as fuel rod, Zr-2 and SiC as fuel cladding, H2O as coolant. In fuel rods were used NpO2 and NpF4 fuels at the rate of 0.2%-1% as neptunium mixed fuels. In this study, the effect on the neutronic calculations as keff, neutron flux, fission energy, heating of NpO2 and NpF4 fuels in 0.2%-1% rates, and Zr-2 and SiC clads were investigated in the designed BWR system. The three-dimensional (3-D) modelling of the reactor core and fuel assembly into the designed BWR system was performed by using MCNPX-2.7.0 Monte Carlo method and the ENDF/B-VII.0 nuclear data library.
Pre-arrest doxycycline protects donation after circulatory death kidneys
Authors: Moser Michael , Schmid Sarah , Sawicka Katherine , Banerjee Tamalina , McNair Erick , Sawicka Jolanta , Bil-Lula Iwona , Sawicki Grzegorz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKidney injury during donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD) includes warm ischemic (WI) injury from around the time of asystole, and cold ischemic (CI) injury during cold preservation. We have previously shown that Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in CI injury and that Doxycycline (Doxy), an antibiotic and known MMP inhibitor, protects the transplant kidney during CI. The purpose of our study was to determine if Doxy given before asystole can also prevent injury during WI. A rat model of DCDD was used, including Control, Preemptive Doxy (45 mg/kg iv), and Preemptive and Perfusion (100 microM) Doxy groups. Thirty minutes after asystole, both kidneys were removed. The left kidney was perfused at 4 °C for 22 h, whereas the right was used to establish the degree of warm ischemic injury prior to cold preservation. MMP-2 in the perfusate was significantly reduced in both treatment groups [Control 43.7 ± 7.2 arbitrary units, versus Preemptive Doxy group 23.2 ± 5.5 (p = 0.03), and ‘Preemptive and Perfusion’ group 18.0 ± 5.6 (p = 0.02)]. Reductions in NGAL, LDH, and MMP-9 were also seen. Electron microscopy showed a marked reduction in mitochondrial injury scores in the treatment groups. Pre-arrest Doxy was associated with a reduction in injury markers and morphologic changes. Doxy may be a simple and safe means of protecting transplant kidneys from both WI and CI.
Integrative multi-omics analysis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer identifies prognostic biomarkers for frontline chemotherapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Mo Qianxing , Li Roger , Adeegbe Dennis O. , Peng Guang , Chan Keith Syson 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOnly a subgroup of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) are responders toward cisplatin-based chemotherapy and PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy. There is a clinical need to identify MIBC molecular subtypes and biomarkers for patient stratification toward the therapies. Here, we performed an integrative clustering analysis of 388 MIBC samples with multi-omics data and identified basal and luminal/differentiated integrative subtypes and derived a 42 gene panel for classification of MIBC. Using nine additional gene expression data (n = 844), we demonstrated the prognostic value of the 42 basal-luminal genes. The basal subtype was associated with worse overall survival in patients receiving no neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), but better overall survival in patients receiving NAC in two clinical trials. Each of the subtypes could be further divided into chr9 p21.3 normal or loss subgroup. The patients with low expression of MTAP/CDKN2A/2B (indicative of chr9 p21.3 loss) had a significantly lower response rate to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy and worse survival than the patients with high expression of MTAP/CDKN2A/2B. This integrative analysis reveals intrinsic MIBC subtypes and biomarkers with prognostic value for the frontline therapies.
Design, synthesis and applications of responsive macrocycles
Authors: Yu Jingjing , Qi Dawei , Li Jianwei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInspired by the lock and key principle, the development of supramolecular macrocyclic chemistry has promoted the prosperous growth of host-guest chemistry. The updated induced-fit and conformation selection model spurred the emerging research on responsive macrocycles (RMs). This review introduces RMs, covering their design, synthesis and applications. It gives readers insight into the dynamic control of macrocyclic molecules and the exploration of materials with desired functions.
Electronic Task Management System: A Pediatric Institution's Experience
Authors: Cheng Daryl R. , South Mike 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Electronic medical task management systems (ETMs) have been adopted in health care institutions to improve health care provider communication. ETMs allow for the requesting and resolution of nonurgent tasks between clinicians of all craft groups. Visibility, ability to provide close-loop feedback, and a digital trail of all decisions and responsible clinicians are key features of ETMs. An embedded ETM within an integrated electronic health record (EHR) was introduced to the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne on April 30, 2016. The ETM is used hospital-wide for nonurgent tasks 24 hours a day. It facilitates communication of nonurgent tasks between clinical staff, with an associated designated timeframe in which the task needs to be completed (2, 4, and 8 hours).
Objective This study aims to examine the usage of the ETM at our institution since its inception.
Methods ETM usage data from the first 3 years of use (April 2016 to April 2019) were extracted from the EHR. Data collected included age of patient, date and time of task request, ward, unit, type of task, urgency of task, requestor role, and time to completion.
Results A total of 136,481 tasks were placed via the ETM in the study period. There were approximately 125 tasks placed each day (24-hour period). The most common time of task placement was around 6:00 p.m. Task placement peaked at approximately 8 a.m., 2 p.m., and 9 p.m.—consistent with nursing shift change times. In total, 63.16% of tasks were placed outside business hours, indicating predominant usage for after-hours task communication. The ETM was most highly utilized by surgical units. The majority of tasks were ordered by nurses for medical staff to complete (97.01%). A significant proportion (98.79%) of tasks was marked as complete on the ETM, indicating closed-loop feedback after tasks were requested.
Conclusion An ETM function embedded in our EHR has been highly utilized in our institution since its introduction. It has multiple benefits for the clinician in the form of efficiencies in workflow and improvement in communication and also workflow management. By allowing collection, tracking, audit, and prioritization of tasks, it also provides a stream of actionable data for quality-improvement activities.