bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression analysis of oxidative stress tolerance in the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
Authors: Sumaya Nanette Hope , Olarewaju Olaniyi , Ambaw Gebermedihin , Yali Abdi , Godina Giulia , Vandenbossche Bart , Barg Mike , Doerfler Verena , Ehlers Ralf-Udo , Molina Carlos 
Published: June 2020

Summary
The entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is used as a biological control agent against diverse insect pests. Nematode-based products contain third-stage Dauer juveniles (DJ), which are adapted to long-term survival. Their longevity can be limited by stress conditions during industrial production up to field application. Oxidative stress has been recently reported to have a direct influence on the H. bacteriophora DJ longevity. Thus, understanding mechanisms by which DJ respond to oxidative stress can provide insights to improve DJ longevity. In this study, we carried out a comparative transcriptomic analysis on the early stage of oxidative stress induction (4 h) in two H. bacteriophora inbred lines with contrasting oxidative stress tolerance, HU2-IL1 (stress-tolerant) and PT1-IL1 (stress-sensitive). For assessing the transcriptome, MACE, a versatile RNA-seq variant was applied. Our de novo transcriptome assembly generated more than 20 000 transcripts, from which 10 290 were linked to 9776 different Uniprot accessions. The majority of the annotated transcripts presented high homology to parasitic nematodes within the genus Ancylostoma, whereas homology to the genus Caenorhabditis was negligible. A total of 630 and 461 transcripts were up-regulated (log2 fold-change (FC) ⩾ 2.0) in the stress-sensitive and the stress-tolerant line, respectively. The proportion of down-regulated transcripts was higher for both lines. However, down-regulation in the stress-sensitive line (5207 transcripts) exhibited a larger proportion than in the tolerant line (1844 transcripts), which indicates that targeted suppression of biological processes is also a crucial factor for the survival of H. bacteriophora under oxidative stress. Our global view of the transcriptome remodelling under oxidative stress suggests that the stress-sensitive line fails to maintain vital biological processes in contrast to the tolerant line. Interestingly, both lines activated similar biological processes directly involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, indicating that expression changes on transcript isoforms are of high relevance in this context. This study will open ways for the selection of DJ longevity predictor genes and allow the design of molecular markers for the breeding of improved lines.
Smart Cities
Authors: Petroccia Sara , Pitasi Andrea , Cossi Gianugo M. , Roblek Vasja 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper is based on the paradigm that a smart city is a part of the intellectual framework of second-order cybernetics and considers social communication in terms of the management and use of different data channels. Planning as a political practice is replaced by environmentally-behavioral control, in which subjectivity is articulated above-individually (permeating the city with sensitive nodes) and infra-individually (transforming citizens into sensitive nodes). This leads us to the research question: how to focus on the social relations and processes of the smart urbanization which are based on the second order cybernetic approach? The smart city is understood as a complex mechanism, where one begins to realize the often-unintended human, environmental, social and economic consequences of a technological and engineering-led approach. The latest thinking and smart urban projects are aimed at comprehending smart and/or sustainable infrastructure as a network between places and people in order to create a more sustainable, healthy and resilient future for different groups of citizens (from young people to seniors). Municipality strategies need to address global socio-economic factors, processes of innovation with new technology, constant adaptation in public and private sector organisations and the diversity of qualified resources.
Mereology in Kalām
Authors: Shihadeh Ayman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objective of this article is twofold. First, it investigates mereology in medieval Islamic theology, particularly the theologians’ claim that the whole is identical to its parts and accordingly that at least some attributes common to the parts must by extension be attributed of the whole. This claim was refuted by philosophers and, from the eleventh century onwards, an increasing number of theologians. Second, it offers a new interpretation of the standard theological proof from accidents for creation ex nihilo, to which this problem was central. A wide range of early, classical and later theological and philosophical sources are consulted.
Impacts of a Mail-Order Service for Refilling Prescriptions on Patient Satisfaction and Operational Load at a Comprehensive Cancer Center in Jordan
Authors: AbuBlan Rasha S. , Awad Wedad , Agha Randa , Hejawi Neveen , Srouji Hala , Hammoudeh Suzan , Nazer Lama H. 
Published: June 2020

Background Mail-order services for refilling prescriptions for medications have been established in many countries and have increased patient satisfaction. We developed a mail-order service for the outpatient pharmacy of a comprehensive cancer center in Jordan. Objective To describe the implementation of a mail-order service and to report the impact of the service on patient satisfaction and the pharmacy workload. Methods A multidisciplinary team was formed to plan a mail-order service for refilling prescriptions for medications, and a survey was designed to evaluate patient satisfaction with the service. Patients were instructed to call the refill call center and order their medications at least 48 hours before their refill is due. The pharmacy workflow for refilling prescriptions was evaluated, and the time required with and without the mail-order service was documented, with a calculation of the time saved. Results At 1 year after the mail-order service had been established, 14 200 prescriptions had been refilled through the service, with the majority (97.5%) dispensed within 48 hours of the order time. As per the survey conducted with 219 patients, on the overall satisfaction, 69.4% reported being highly satisfied with the service and 27.9% reported being satisfied. The problems reported with the service were delay in arrival (n = 23, 10.5%), medication-related errors (n = 9, 4.1%), cash-related error (n = 1, 0.45%), improper storage condition (n = 1, 0.45%), and delivery to the wrong address (n = 4, 1.8%). The service was also associated with reduced overall time for processing in the outpatient pharmacy service; for patients receiving their medications from the pharmacy, resulting in reduced patients’ overall waiting time (from 11.4 to 8.2 minutes). The service resulted in saving of 0.4 full-time employee at 1 year of implementation. Conclusions A mail-order service for refilling prescriptions within a hospital setting had positive outcomes on both patient satisfaction and the pharmacy workflow. The major issues were related to transportation and logistics.
Carer subjective burden after first-episode psychosis: Types and predictors. A multilevel statistical approach
Authors: Charles Shereen , Kirkbride James B , Onwumere Juliana , Lyons Natasha , Man Lai Chu , Floyd Caroline , Widuch Kaja , Brown Lucy , James Gareth , Afsharzadegan Roya , Souray Jonathan , Raune David 
Published: June 2020

Background: Carer burden at first-episode psychosis is common and adds to the multiple other psychiatric and psychological problems that beset new carers; yet, knowledge of the factors that predict carer burden is limited. Aim: This study sought to investigate the types and predictors of carer burden at first-episode psychosis in the largest, most ethnically diverse and comprehensively characterised sample to date. Method: This study involved a cross-sectional survey of carers of people with first-episode psychosis presenting to Harrow and Hillingdon Early Intervention in Psychosis service between 2011 and 2017. Carers completed self-report measures assessing their illness beliefs, coping styles and caregiving experiences (i.e. burden). Thirty carer and patient sociodemographic and clinical factors were also collected. Mixed effects linear regression modelling was conducted to account for clustering of carers by patient, with carer burden (and its 8 subtypes) investigated as dependent variables. Results: The sample included data on 254 carers (aged 18–74 years) and 198 patients (aged 14–36 years). Regression modelling identified 35 significant predictors of carer burden and its subtypes at first-episode psychosis. Higher total burden was independently predicted by perceiving greater negative consequences of the illness for the patient (B = .014, p < .001, 95% CI: [.010–.018]) and the carer (B = .008, p = .002, 95% CI: [.003–.013]), and engaging in avoidant-focussed coping (B = .010, p = .006, 95% CI: [.003–.016]). Lower burden was independently predicted by patients being in a relationship (B = −.075, p = .047, 95% CI: [−.149 to −.001]). Predictors of the eight burden subtypes (difficult behaviours, negative symptoms, stigma, problems with services, effects on family, dependency, loss and need to backup) are also included in the article. Conclusion: Findings can be used to inform the identification of carers ‘at-risk’ of experiencing burden and highlight potential targets for theraputic intervention to lower carer buden.
Anticoagulation management during pulmonary endarterectomy with cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
Authors: Veerhoek Dennis , van Barneveld Laurentius JM , Haumann Renard G , Kamminga Suzanne K , Vonk Alexander BA , Boer Christa , Symersky Petr 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Pulmonary endarterectomy requires cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, which may prolong the activated clotting time. We investigated whether activated clotting time–guided anticoagulation under these circumstances suppresses hemostatic activation. Methods: Individual heparin sensitivity was determined by the heparin dose–response test, and anticoagulation was monitored by the activated clotting time and heparin concentration. Perioperative hemostasis was evaluated by thromboelastometry, platelet aggregation, and several plasma coagulation markers. Results: Eighteen patients were included in this study. During cooling, tube-based activated clotting time increased from 719 (95% confidence interval = 566-872 seconds) to 1,273 (95% confidence interval = 1,136-1,410 seconds; p < 0.01) and the cartridge-based activated clotting time increased from 693 (95% confidence interval = 590-796 seconds) to 883 (95% confidence interval = 806-960 seconds; p < 0.01), while thrombin–antithrombin showed an eightfold increase. The heparin concentration showed a slightly declining trend during cardiopulmonary bypass. After protamine administration (protamine-to-heparin bolus ratio of 0.82 (0.71-0.90)), more than half of the patients showed an intrinsically activated coagulation test and intrinsically activated coagulation test without heparin effect clotting time >240 seconds. Platelet aggregation through activation of the P2Y12 (adenosine diphosphate test) and thrombin receptor (thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 test) decreased (both −33%) and PF4 levels almost doubled (from 48 (95% confidence interval = 42-53 ng/mL) to 77 (95% confidence interval = 71-82 ng/mL); p < 0.01) between weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass and 3 minutes after protamine administration. Conclusion: This study shows a wide variation in individual heparin sensitivity in patients undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Although activated clotting time–guided anticoagulation management may underestimate the level of anticoagulation and consequently result in a less profound inhibition of hemostatic activation, this study lacked power to detect adverse outcomes.
Attenuation of antidepressive effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients whose medication includes drugs for psychosis
Authors: Hebel Tobias , Abdelnaim Mohamed , Deppe Markus , Langguth Berthold , Schecklmann Martin 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To assess whether concomitant antipsychotic treatment has an influence on the antidepressive effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Methods: We analyzed severity of depression before and after treatment with rTMS in a sample of 299 depressed in- and outpatients in retrospect in relation to treatment with drugs for psychosis. The sample consisted of real-life patients in a tertiary hospital. We ran group contrasts between the group taking and the group not taking drugs for psychosis, testing for differences in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Effect sizes for HDRS group contrasts were reported as Cohen’s d and number needed to treat (NNT) calculated from d. To control for group differences we repeated the Student t-tests for the change in the HDRS using analysis of covariance including confounding variables. Results: Depressed patients taking drugs for psychosis showed significantly less amelioration of depressive symptoms after rTMS treatment as measured by absolute and relative change in HDRS with small effect size or NNT of 4.5 to 8.4, respectively. Controlling significant group contrasts revealed that the effect of taking drugs for psychosis does not depend on age, number of applied TMS pulses, type or severity of depression at baseline, comorbidities or differences in the intake of additional medication. Conclusion: Drugs for psychosis attenuate antidepressive effects of rTMS independently of confounding factors. The effect is statistically significant and of potentially great clinical importance. The exact mechanism remains to be elucidated and further studies are warranted.
Association of high TUBB3 with resistance to adjuvant docetaxel-based chemotherapy in gastric cancer: translational study of ITACA-S
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Maria , Raimondi Alessandra , Cecchi Fabiola , Catenacci Daniel V.T. , Schwartz Sarit , Sellappan Shankar , Tian Yuan , Miceli Rosalba , Pellegrinelli Alessandro , Giommoni Elisa , Aitini Enrico , Spada Francesca , Rosati Gerardo , Marchet Alberto , Pucci Francesca , Zaniboni Alberto , Tamberi Stefano , Pressiani Tiziana , Sanna Gianni , Cantore Maurizio , Mosconi Stefania , Bolzoni Paola , Pinto Carmine , Landi Lorenza , Soto Parra Hector Josè , Cavanna Luigi , Corallo Salvatore , Martinetti Antonia , Hembrough Todd A. , Pietrantonio Filippo 
Published: June 2020

Background: No predictive markers for chemotherapy activity have been validated in gastric cancer (GC). The potential value of class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) as biomarker for prognosis and resistance to taxane-based therapy was reported. Methods: We analyzed GC samples of patients enrolled in the Intergroup Trial of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach (ITACA-S), a randomized adjuvant study comparing 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) and docetaxel-based sequential chemotherapy. TUBB3 was quantitated by selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry and patients were stratified using a threshold of 750 attomoles per microgram (amol/µg). Cox proportional modeling and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to assess the impact of TUBB3 expression on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival. Results: Patients with TUBB3 protein levels >750 and <750 amol/µg were 21.9% and 78.1%, respectively, and were well-balanced between treatment arms. TUBB3 protein levels were not prognostic. Whereas no survival differences according to the 2 arms were observed in the subgroup with low TUBB3 expression (5-year OS 47% vs 40%; p = 0.44), patients with high TUBB3 had a clinically meaningful poorer OS when receiving docetaxel-based versus 5-FU/LV chemotherapy (5-year OS 31% vs 54%; p = 0.09), with a statistically significant interaction between TUBB3 and treatment ( p = 0.049). Conclusions: The quantification of TUBB3 might be considered as a negative predictive biomarker of benefit from taxane-based therapy in GC. Studies are needed to evaluate its role in the neoadjuvant setting.
Overweight and Obesity, Cardiometabolic Health, and Body Composition: Findings From the Follow-Up Studies of the INCAP Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kroker-Lobos María F. , Ramirez-Zea Manuel , Stein Aryeh D. 
Published: June 2020

Background: There has been increased interest in the hypothesis that undernutrition in early life predisposes to cardiometabolic disease risk in adulthood. The Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama Longitudinal Study is able to address one critical aspect of this field, specifically whether improvements in nutrition can prevent this increased risk. Objective: To describe the main findings on obesity and body composition across 5 waves of field work (1988-1989, 1991-1994, 1998-1999, 2002-2004, and 2015-2017) and on cardiometabolic health across 3 waves (1998-1999, 2002-2004, and 2015-2017). Results: Body weight and body fat increased considerably in adulthood, especially among women with sedentary occupations. Adiposity and weight in adulthood were strongly predicted by weight gain after the first 1000 days of life. On the other hand, exposure to improved nutrition in early life reduced diabetes risk by approximately 50% but increased the risk of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Future research will aid in clarifying the underlying mechanisms that drive the opposite associations among diabetes and obesity with early-life nutrition.
Early Childhood Nutrition and Cognitive Functioning in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: DiGirolamo Ann M. , Ochaeta Laura , Flores Rosa Mery Mejía 
Published: June 2020

Background: The Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) Longitudinal Study provides a unique opportunity to examine the role of nutrition in cognitive functioning over time, controlling for other sociocultural factors. Objective: This article describes results of analyses carried out in the INCAP Longitudinal Study on relationships between early childhood nutritional status and supplementation with concurrent and subsequent cognitive development in childhood and adolescence/young adulthood. Methods: Articles were chosen for review that addressed this topic from the original and 1988 follow-up studies; 41 articles were reviewed and key results summarized for relationships between early nutrition and cognition in infancy, early childhood, and adolescence/young adulthood. Results: Overall, results suggest strong relationships between indicators of a child’s early nutritional status and motor and cognitive development in infancy and through the preschool years, continuing into adolescence/young adulthood, particularly for males. Nutritional supplementation during gestation through 2 years of age was associated with improvements in motor development and small, but consistent improvements in cognitive development during infancy and preschool years, with similar results of greater magnitude found with cognitive functioning in adolescence and young adulthood. Findings remain strong after controlling for various sociocultural factors (eg, socioeconomic status [SES]) and schooling. Among adolescents, significant interactions were found with SES and years of school attained; differences in performance favored Atole over Fresco children, with greatest differences for participants of low SES and those with higher levels of schooling. Conclusions: Results support the need for programs to address unmet nutritional requirements among at-risk mothers and children and potential beneficial effects for human cognitive development.
Preschool Child Nutritional Status in Nepal in 2016: A National Profile and 40-Year Comparative Trend
Authors: Angela K. C. , Thorne-Lyman Andrew L. , Manohar Swetha , Shrestha Binod , Klemm Rolf , Adhikari Ramesh Kant , Webb Patrick , West Keith P. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Preschool child anthropometric status has been assessed nationally in Nepal since 1975, with semi-decadal surveys since 1996, plus several recent, short-interval surveys to track progress toward achieving a World Health Assembly (WHA) goal to reduce stunting to 24% by 2025. Objective: We report prevalence of preschool child stunting and wasting from a national survey in 2016 and place findings into the context of national trends and alignment for Nepal to attain its WHA 2025 goal. Methods: A representative, midyear Policy and Science for Health, Agriculture and Nutrition (PoSHAN) survey was conducted in 2016 on 5479 children <60 months in 4051 households in 21 village development committees. Child weight and height were measured, and sociodemographic factors were assessed. Data from previous surveys (Nepal Demographic Health Surveys, PoSHAN) were also acquired, and rates of stunting (<−2 height-for-age z score) and wasting (<−2 weight-for-height z score) were compared to current World Health Organization standards. Trends were expressed as average annual rates of reduction (AARR). Results: Nationally, in 2016, 34.1% of preschoolers were stunted and 13.7% wasted. Stunting was highest in the Mountains (40.6%) and wasting highest in the Tarai (18.9%). Trend analysis revealed a steady decline (3.8% AARR) in stunting from 2001 to 2013, with virtually no decline from 2013 to 2016. Wasting has been continually high and variable, at ≥8%, since 1975. Conclusions: Following a steady decline in prevalence, preschool child stunting has plateaued at ∼35% in Nepal, while wasting has changed little over time, offering the opportunity to inform, reassess, and adjust, as needed, efforts to reach WHA 2025 goals.
Active vibration control development in ultra‐precision machining
Authors: Aggogeri Francesco , Merlo Angelo , Pellegrini Nicola 
Published: June 2020

This study presents a combined feedback–feedforward adaptive regulator applied to an active vibration control tool holder platform to contain the effect of machining vibrations. The proposed mechatronic solution can be integrated in a milling machine tool as an interface between the beam ( Z-axis) and the tool holder. The aim is to counteract vibrations in the broadband frequency range (100 Hz–900 Hz), controlling the tool position in real time. The active vibration control system is based on the harmonic steady-state concept due to the sinusoidal representation of the disturbance signals. The study focuses on the regulator architecture and the main logics applied to satisfy the required performance. A full investigation is executed through simulations and experimental campaigns, proving the disturbance reduction. The active vibration control system is implemented on a 4-axis machine tool and validated using multitonal disturbances. The system is evaluated in compensating a set of undesired effects, such as vibrations generated by unbalanced tools or hard material cutting processes. The obtained results show a maximum reduction of the vibration amplitude by 43.7% at the critical frequency.