bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can We Save the Implant: Rib-based Implant Removal Rates and Risk Factors Following Irrigation and Debridement (I&D) Surgery?
Authors: Lott Carina , Qiu Catherine , McNeely Lia W. , Galagedera Nirupa , Campbell Robert M. , Flynn John M. , Cahill Patrick J. , Anari Jason B. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
In the event of a surgical site infection, management includes surgical debridement in an attempt to treat the infection and retain the implant; however they are often unsuccessful in this regard. Although studies have described the incidence of complications, current literature does not have sufficient evidence to provide clear recommendations regarding retention versus removal of implants. This study aims to identify predictive factors associated with the need for implant removal to decrease unnecessary attempts at implant retention.

Methods:
A retrospective review of early-onset scoliosis patients at a single institution treated with rib-based vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib implants who developed infection requiring irrigation and debridement (I&D) due to wound problems including surgical site infection, skin slough, and wound dehiscence. All patients had a minimum of a 2-year follow-up. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the odds of implant removal.

Results:
Fifty-nine of 181 patients (32%) required an I&D due to a wound problem. These patients underwent the initial implant procedure at a mean age of 4.6±3.8 years. In total, 29 patients ultimately underwent implant removal. Significant predictive factors for removal included total number of wound problems, total number of I&Ds, days from identification of wound problem to I&D procedure, days on antibiotics, total number of surgeries, presence of gastrostomy tube, and nonambulatory status (P<0.0001, 0.001, 0.095, 0.093, 0.082, 0.054, and 0.026, respectively). Multiple logistic regression results indicated a total number of wound problems [odds ratio (OR): 6.00, P=0.001], average days from identification of wound problem to I&D (OR: 1.03, P=0.039), and presence of a gastrostomy tube (OR: 5.7, P=0.07) as independent predictors for implant removal.

Conclusions:
Data suggests that time from the onset of signs of infection until debridement surgery inversely correlates with the ability to retain the implants. In addition, gastrostomy tube and history of previous wound infections may be predictive clinical factors for implant removal in patients with a rib-based vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib instrumentation. Such information can be useful for clinicians in deciding on whom to attempt implant retention versus removal when a wound problem presents itself.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
A Helpful Clue to Calciphylaxis: Subcutaneous Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum–like Changes
Authors: Chen Eric L. , Altman Igor , Braniecki Marylee 
Published: December 2019

Abstract:
Calciphylaxis, otherwise known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is an aggressive disease characterized by painful, ischemic skin lesions with histologic findings of microvascular calcification involving the fat. It is most commonly seen in patients with end-stage renal disease who are on dialysis. Early diagnosis is pivotal for optimal management. However, calciphylaxis can be challenging to diagnose, as many diseases can bear a clinical resemblance to calciphylaxis. Skin biopsies are often necessitated for diagnosis, but unfortunately, one is commonly challenged with a suboptimal amount of subcutaneous fat that does not always show the classic findings of microvascular calcification. However, when calciphylaxis is clinically suspected, the microscopic detection of subcutaneous pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)-like changes, although not unequivocally diagnostic of calciphylaxis, can be a helpful clue in the diagnosis. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman who was diagnosed with uremic calciphylaxis on the basis of the clinical scenario, laboratory testing, and microscopic presence of subcutaneous PXE-like changes that was highlighted with the elastic and von Kossa stains. This case demonstrates the importance of recognizing subcutaneous PXE-like changes on suboptimal skin biopsies that lack microvascular calcification, especially in those patients who are clinically suspect for calciphylaxis as to prevent delay in diagnosis and treatment.
Relationship between office isolated systolic or diastolic hypertension and white-coat hypertension across the age spectrum: a home blood pressure study
Authors: Feitosa Audes D.M. , Mota-Gomes Marco A. , Barroso Weimar S. , Miranda Roberto D. , Barbosa Eduardo C.D. , Pedrosa Rodrigo P. , Oliveira Paula C. , Feltosa Camila L.D.M. , Brandão Andréa A. , Lima-Filho José L. , Sposito Andrei C. , Coca Antonio , Nadruz Wilson 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
The current study investigated the prevalence of white-coat hypertension (WCH) and white-coat uncontrolled hypertension (WUCH) throughout the age spectrum among individuals with office isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) and systolic–diastolic hypertension (SDH) who were untreated or treated with antihypertensive medications, respectively.

Methods:
We cross-sectionally evaluated 8809 untreated (42% males, 52.1 ± 16.2 years) and 9136 treated (39% males, 59.7 ± 14.5 years) individuals from two independent Brazilian populations who underwent home blood pressure monitoring. Participants were also categorized as younger (<40 years), intermediate (≥40 and <60 years) and older (≥60 years) age.

Results:
Unadjusted and adjusted analyses showed that the frequency of WCH and WUCH was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in ISH and IDH than SDH at all age groups. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex, BMI and studied population showed that, compared with SDH, ISH had in average 4.1, 3.1 and 1.6-fold greater risk of WCH and 3.3, 3.6 and 2.0-fold greater risk of WUCH at younger, intermediate and older ages, whereas IDH had in average 2.3, 2.6 and 2.0-fold greater risk of WCH and 3.8, 3.2 and 3.8-fold greater risk of WUCH at younger, intermediate and older ages, respectively.

Conclusion:
ISH and IDH were associated with higher prevalence of WCH and WUCH than SDH across all age spectrum. In addition, treated and untreated ISH individuals with age less than 60 years and treated IDH individuals of all ages had the highest risk of having WCH phenotypes.
Updates on current evidence for biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Nasta Melina S. , Chatzinakis Vasileios A. , Georgalas Christos C. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to present the most important recent developments concerning biologics as a therapeutic option for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Recent findings
mAb anti-IL-4 receptor α (Dupilumab) was recently approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients with CRSwNP and four other biologics are under investigation, with promising preliminary results.

Summary
CRS is a disease associated with a significant symptom burden and high-indirect costs. Despite recent advances in combined approaches, persistent symptoms or recurrences are not uncommon. Monoclonal antibodies, used mainly to treat asthma, have recently been shown to have a positive impact on controlling the symptoms of CRS and reducing the need for endoscopic sinus surgery. Dupilumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab and omalizumab are discussed and their mechanism of action, risk and current evidence on efficacy are presented. Preliminary studies show encouraging results with relatively few side effects. Once the high cost of such therapies is addressed, they could prove an important adjuvant therapy for patients with CRS. Large-scale clinical trials designed to evaluate them are called for.
Indications for Eustachian tube dilation
Authors: Siow Jin-Keat , Tan Jian-Li 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Eustachian tube dilation is a controversial surgical procedure because the intended problem for which it is meant to address, obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction, is a clinical diagnosis without a reliable diagnostic tool to test.
In the past 10 years, balloon dilation Eustachian tuboplasty (BDET) has been the most commonly performed Eustachian tube dilation procedure. The present review seeks to identify the patients who may benefit from this procedure and thus propose the indications.

Recent findings
Two randomized controlled trials for BDET published in the past 2 years showed statistically significant improvement in terms of symptomatic relief based on the ETDQ-7 scores and conversion of abnormal tympanograms (type B and type C) to normal tympanograms (type A).

Summary
Based on the review of the evidence available so far, the proposed indication for Eustachian tube dilation using BDET is for a patient with ALL of the following: aural fullness greater than 12 weeks; type B or C tympanogram; ETDQ-7 mean score more than 2; and failed medical management including Valsalva maneuver and either 4 weeks of nasal steroids or 1 week of oral steroids.
Severe Abdominal Manifestations in Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Besnard Caroline , Gitiaux Cyril , Girard Muriel , Galmiche‐Rolland Louise , Talbotec Cécile , Quartier Pierre , Bodemer Christine , Berteloot Laureline , Bader‐Meunier Brigitte 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTJuvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare and heterogeneous pediatric‐onset idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement occurs in 22% to 37% of JDM patients but has only been described in case reports. In this retrospective, single‐center, observational study, we aimed to assess the causes and management of severe GI manifestations in JDM patients. We studied a cohort of 9 patients among 110 JDM patients followed during the study period (8.3%). The GI complications were related to JDM in most cases (17/19), with digestive tract involvement (n = 10), acute pancreatitis (n = 4), and hepatitis (n = 3). Three patients died from refractory JDM 2.9 years (2–3.6) after the JDM diagnosis. We highlight the need to consider pancreatitis as a main diagnostic factor in JDM patients with severe GI manifestations and the requirement of early aggressive treatment for these patients.
Possibility of Deep Learning in Medical Imaging Focusing Improvement of Computed Tomography Image Quality
Authors: Nakamura Yuko , Higaki Toru , Tatsugami Fuminari , Honda Yukiko , Narita Keigo , Akagi Motonori , Awai Kazuo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Deep learning (DL), part of a broader family of machine learning methods, is based on learning data representations rather than task-specific algorithms. Deep learning can be used to improve the image quality of clinical scans with image noise reduction. We review the ability of DL to reduce the image noise, present the advantages and disadvantages of computed tomography image reconstruction, and examine the potential value of new DL-based computed tomography image reconstruction.
Online psychosocial interventions for posttreatment cancer survivors: an international evidence review and update
Authors: Skrabal Ross Xiomara , Gunn Kate M. , Olver Ian , Willems Roy A. , Lechner Lilian , Mesters Ilse , Bolman Catherine A.W. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
The present review describes recent research on online psychosocial interventions for posttreatment cancer survivors from January 2018 to June 2019.

Recent findings
Twenty-three studies were included in the review (the majority included were feasibility studies and only five randomized controlled trials had large samples). Websites were the most common platforms for intervention delivery (9/23) and cognitive behavioral therapy was the most frequently used therapeutic approach (11/23). Three interventions based on this framework and delivered via websites or combined website-telehealth platforms showed to be effective in improving psychosocial issues (fear of cancer recurrence, insomnia, sleep quality, and prospective memory failures) in posttreatment cancer survivors. Web-based self-compassion writing was also found to be effective in addressing body image distress and body appreciation in breast cancer survivors. Feasibility studies mostly showed online interventions to be plausible and acceptable to cancer survivors. A good representation of online interventions for young adult cancer survivors (30%) was found.

Summary
Online interventions show promise in addressing the psychosocial needs of cancer survivors. Despite new online interventions being found to be feasible and acceptable and some showing promise in addressing important psychosocial issues in cancer survivors posttreatment, more rigorous studies are required to inform supportive care for this population.
Intracellular quality control of mitochondrial DNA: evidence and limitations
Authors: Knorre Dmitry A. 
Published: December 2019

Eukaryotic cells can harbour mitochondria with markedly different transmembrane potentials. Intracellular mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms (e.g. mitophagy) rely on this intracellular variation to distinguish functional and damaged (depolarized) mitochondria. Given that intracellular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genetic variation can induce mitochondrial heterogeneity, mitophagy could remove deleterious mtDNA variants in cells. However, the reliance of mitophagy on the mitochondrial transmembrane potential suggests that mtDNAs with deleterious mutations in ATP synthase can evade the control. This evasion is possible because inhibition of ATP synthase can increase the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Moreover, the linkage of the mtDNA genotype to individual mitochondrial performance is expected to be weak owing to intracellular mitochondrial intercomplementation. Nonetheless, I reason that intracellular mtDNA quality control is possible and crucial at the zygote stage of the life cycle. Indeed, species with biparental mtDNA inheritance or frequent ‘leakage’ of paternal mtDNA can be vulnerable to invasion of selfish mtDNAs at the stage of gamete fusion. Here, I critically review recent findings on intracellular mtDNA quality control by mitophagy and discuss other mechanisms by which the nuclear genome can affect the competition of mtDNA variants in the cell.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour’.
Linking paternally inherited mtDNA variants and sperm performance
Authors: Bettinazzi Stefano , Nadarajah Sugahendni , Dalpé Andréanne , Milani Liliana , Blier Pierre U. , Breton Sophie 
Published: December 2019

Providing robust links between mitochondrial genotype and phenotype is of major importance given that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants can affect reproductive success. Because of the strict maternal inheritance (SMI) of mitochondria in animals, haplotypes that negatively affect male fertility can become fixed in populations. This phenomenon is known as ‘mother's curse’. Doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mitochondria is a stable exception in bivalves, which entails two mtDNA lineages that evolve independently and are transmitted separately through oocytes and sperm. This makes the DUI mitochondrial lineages subject to different sex-specific selective sieves during mtDNA evolution, thus DUI is a unique model to evaluate how direct selection on sperm mitochondria could contribute to male reproductive fitness. In this study, we tested the impact of mtDNA variants on sperm performance and bioenergetics in DUI and SMI species. Analyses also involved measures of sperm performance following inhibition of main energy pathways and sperm response to oocyte presence. Compared to SMI, DUI sperm exhibited (i) low speed and linearity, (ii) a strict OXPHOS-dependent strategy of energy production, and (iii) a partial metabolic shift towards fermentation following egg detection. Discussion embraces the adaptive value of mtDNA variation and suggests a link between male-energetic adaptation, fertilization success and paternal mitochondria preservation.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour’.
Sex-specific effects of mitochondrial haplotype on metabolic rate inDrosophila melanogastersupport predictions of the Mother's Curse hypothesis
Authors: Nagarajan-Radha Venkatesh , Aitkenhead Ian , Clancy David J. , Chown Steven L. , Dowling Damian K. 
Published: December 2019

Evolutionary theory proposes that maternal inheritance of mitochondria will facilitate the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations that are harmful to males but benign or beneficial to females. Furthermore, mtDNA haplotypes sampled from across a given species distribution are expected to differ in the number and identity of these ‘male-harming’ mutations they accumulate. Consequently, it is predicted that the genetic variation which delineates distinct mtDNA haplotypes of a given species should confer larger phenotypic effects on males than females (reflecting mtDNA mutations that are male-harming, but female-benign), or sexually antagonistic effects (reflecting mutations that are male-harming, but female-benefitting). These predictions have received support from recent work examining mitochondrial haplotypic effects on adult life-history traits inDrosophila melanogaster. Here, we explore whether similar signatures of male-bias or sexual antagonism extend to a key physiological trait—metabolic rate. We measured the effects of mitochondrial haplotypes on the amount of carbon dioxide produced by individual flies, controlling for mass and activity, across 13 strains ofD. melanogasterthat differed only in their mtDNA haplotype. The effects of mtDNA haplotype on metabolic rate were larger in males than females. Furthermore, we observed a negative intersexual correlation across the haplotypes for metabolic rate. Finally, we uncovered a male-specific negative correlation, across haplotypes, between metabolic rate and longevity. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that maternal mitochondrial inheritance has led to the accumulation of a sex-specific genetic load within the mitochondrial genome, which affects metabolic rate and that may have consequences for the evolution of sex differences in life history.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour’.
Convergent patterns of evolution of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes in electric fishes
Authors: Elbassiouny Ahmed A. , Lovejoy Nathan R. , Chang Belinda S. W. 
Published: December 2019

The ability to generate and detect electric fields has evolved in several groups of fishes as a means of communication, navigation and, occasionally, predation. The energetic burden required can account for up to 20% of electric fishes' daily energy expenditure. Despite this, molecular adaptations that enable electric fishes to meet the metabolic demands of bioelectrogenesis remain unknown. Here, we investigate the molecular evolution of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes in the two most diverse clades of weakly electric fishes—South American Gymnotiformes and African Mormyroidea, using codon-based likelihood approaches. Our analyses reveal that although mitochondrial OXPHOS genes are generally subject to strong purifying selection, this constraint is significantly reduced in electric compared to non-electric fishes, particularly for complexes IV and V. Moreover, analyses of concatenated mitochondrial genes show strong evidence for positive selection in complex I genes on the two branches associated with the independent evolutionary origins of electrogenesis. These results suggest that adaptive evolution of proton translocation in the OXPHOS cellular machinery may be associated with the evolution of bioelectrogenesis. Overall, we find striking evidence for remarkably similar effects of electrogenesis on the molecular evolution of mitochondrial OXPHOS genes in two independently derived clades of electrogenic fishes.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour’.
Mitonuclear conflict and cooperation govern the integration of genotypes, phenotypes and environments
Authors: Rand David M. , Mossman Jim A. 
Published: December 2019

The mitonuclear genome is the most successful co-evolved mutualism in the history of life on Earth. The cross-talk between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes has been shaped by conflict and cooperation for more than 1.5 billion years, yet this system has adapted to countless genomic reorganizations by each partner, and done so under changing environments that have placed dramatic biochemical and physiological pressures on evolving lineages. From putative anaerobic origins, mitochondria emerged as the defining aerobic organelle. During this transition, the two genomes resolved rules for sex determination and transmission that made uniparental inheritance the dominant, but not a universal pattern. Mitochondria are much more than energy-producing organelles and play crucial roles in nutrient and stress signalling that can alter how nuclear genes are expressed as phenotypes. All of these interactions are examples of genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions, gene-by-gene (GxG) interactions (epistasis) or more generally context-dependent effects on the link between genotype and phenotype. We provide evidence from our own studies inDrosophila, and from those of other systems, that mitonuclear interactions—either conflicting or cooperative—are common features of GxE and GxG. We argue that mitonuclear interactions are an important model for how to better understand the pervasive context-dependent effects underlying the architecture of complex phenotypes. Future research in this area should focus on the quantitative genetic concept of effect size to place mitochondrial links to phenotype in a proper context.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour’.