bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nieważność matrimonium per procura w prawie Kościoła łacińskiego
Authors: Świto Lucjan , Tomkiewicz Małgorzata 
Published: May 2020

Zawarcie małżeństwa przez pełnomocnika w obowiązującym powszechnym prawie kanonicznym reguluje expressis verbis głównie kan. 1105 KPK/83. Stanowi on, że do ważnego matrimonium per procura wymaga się, aby było specjalne upoważnienie zawarcia go z określoną osobą oraz aby pełnomocnik był wyznaczony przez samego zleceniodawcę i osobiście wypełniał swoje zadanie. Pełnomocnictwo, by było ważne, powinno być podpisane przez zleceniodawcę i ponadto przez proboszcza lub ordynariusza miejsca, w którym wystawia się pełnomocnictwo, albo przez kapłana delegowanego przez jednego z nich, albo przynajmniej przez dwóch świadków, lub też winno być sporządzone w formie autentycznego dokumentu, zgodnie z wymogami prawa państwowego (kan. 1105 § 2 KPK/83). Jeżeli zleceniodawca nie może pisać, należy to zaznaczyć w samym pełnomocnictwie i dodać jeszcze jednego świadka, który również podpisuje dokument. W przeciwnym razie pełnomocnictwo jest nieważne (kan. 1105 § 3 KPK/83). Jeżeli zleceniodawca, przed zawarciem w jego imieniu małżeństwa, odwołał upoważnienie lub popadł w chorobę umysłową, małżeństwo jest nieważne, chociaż pełnomocnik lub druga strona o tym nie wiedzieli (kan. 1105 § 4 KPK/83). Sytuacja w której konsens małżeński nie jest wyrażany osobiście przez nupturientów lecz przez pełnomocnika (lub pełnomocników) skłania do refleksji, jak w tego rodzaju przypadku przedstawia się kwestia nieważności tak zawartego małżeństwa? Czy specyfika, która towarzyszy zawarciu matrimonium per procura przekłada się również na aspekt jego nieważności? A inaczej mówiąc: czy w przypadku zawierania małżeństwa przez pełnomocnika zachowują swoją aktualność wszystkie przesłanki nieważności, które generalnie odnoszą się do małżeństw, ewentualnie, czy przesłanki te, w przypadku małżeństwa zawieranego per procura, nie nabierają rysu właściwego sobie? A może, w matrimonium per procura występują takie elementy nieważności, które są charakterystyczne tylko dla tej formuły, a jeśli są, to czy nie budzą żadnych wątpliwości?
Artykuł poprzez analizę rozwiązań obowiązujących we współczesnym prawie wewnętrznym Kościoła Rzymskokatolickiego oraz poglądów doktryny kanonicznej zawiera próbę odpowiedzi na te pytania; próbę, która w odniesieniu do Kodeksu Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. jak dotychczas nie była podejmowana w literaturze przedmiotu.
Hydrogeomorphic exploration of a local headwater stream in low mountainous environment following detailed field survey protocol (Mecsek Mountains, Hungary)
Authors: FÁBIÁN Szabolcs Ákos , KALMÁR Péter , JÓZSA Edina , SOBUCKI Mateusz 
Published: May 2020

Comprehensive field survey of the physiographic context and channel morphology is a key to distinguish characteristic hydrogeomorphic reaches of a watercourse. In this analysis field data were collected during seasonal campaigns following a field survey protocol developed in the Polish Carpathian Mountains. Complementary information was conducted from cartographic materials and digital elevation model to map diverse sections of the semi-natural Váralja Stream in the Eastern Mecsek Mountains. Geological, geomorphological and anthropogenic effects had to be considered as decisive factors in recent fluvial development, with emphasis on the sediment transport influenced by woody debris. A total of 12 hydrogeomorphic reaches were identified along the stream by interpreting the spatial arrangement of channel forms and analysing the characteristics of the watershed environment. The mapped reaches are connected with transitional zones of different length. Step systems are typical on the upper reach of the stream, but they were found to be the result of the geological composition and structure of the region. It was also proven that woody debris accumulations, made up of tree trunks, branches and roots have significant influence on the channel evolution of the Váralja stream. Even though the presented field survey instructions were field-tested in alpine catchments the conducted research confirmed the applicability of such workflow in low mountainous environment. Furthermore, the results on the hydrogeomorphic conditions of this small watershed with intense relief provide useful information for understanding the flash floods occurring in the region.
General practice patients starting treatment for substance use problems: observations from two data sources across levels of care
Authors: Boffin Nicole , Antoine Jerome , Baelen Luk Van , Moreels Sarah , Doggen Kris 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background In Belgium, the incidence of treatment episodes for substance use problems is monitored by the Network of Sentinel General Practices (SGP), and at higher, specialist care levels by the Treatment Demand Indicator (TDI) surveillance. Using both data sources, we examine 1) how patients starting specialist treatment for substance use problems on referral by their GP compare to those that were referred by non-GP caregivers; 2) how patients starting GP treatment for substance use problems without receiving concurrent specialist treatment compare to those who did. Methods Both surveillances are based on the TDI protocol for reporting data to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) on individuals starting treatment as a result of their substance use. Data from 2016 and 2017 were examined using 95% confidence intervals and multivariate logistic regression. Results According to TDI-data (n=16,543), determinants of being referred by a GP (versus by a non-GP caregiver) for specialist treatment were age ≥ median (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.13-1.38), education ≥ secondary level (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.15-1.41), recent employment (OR 1.71; 1.56-1.88), recent stable accommodation (3.62; 95% CI 3.08-4.26), first treatment episode (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.57-1.87), recent daily primary substance use (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.33-1.59) and mono substance use (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.04-1.48). Type of substance use was a significant determinant with higher odds of using pharmaceuticals (and alcohol) (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.04-1.48), and lower odds of using cannabis only/primarily (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.62-0.86), with reference to street drugs minus cannabis only/primarily. According to SGP data (n=314), determinants of starting GP treatment without concurrent specialist treatment were recent employment (OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.36-4.91), first treatment episode (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.39-5.55) and living in the Brussels or Walloon region (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.06-3.66). Conclusions This study provides a useful insight into the general practice population treated for substance use problems. It shows that both surveillances consistently found a relatively favourable profile of general practice patients with substance use problems.
The VetMAXTM M. tuberculosis Complex PCR Kit detects MTBC DNA in antemortem and postmortem samples from White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer).
Authors: Goosen Wynand Johan , Kerr Tanya Jane , Kleynhans Léanie , Buss Peter , Cooper David , Warren Robin Mark , Helden Paul D van , Schröder Björn , Parsons Sven David Charles , Miller Michele Ann 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Bovine tuberculosis and tuberculosis are chronic infectious diseases caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis , respectively. Infection with M. bovis and M. tuberculosis have significant implications for wildlife species management, public health, veterinary disease control, and conservation endeavours. Results : Here we describe the first use of the VetMAX TM Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection kit for African wildlife samples. DNA was extracted from tissues harvested from 48 African buffaloes and MTBC DNA was detected (test-positive) in all 26 M. bovis culture-confirmed animals with an additional 12 PCR-positive results in culture-negative buffaloes (originating from an exposed population). Of six MTBC-infected African rhinoceros tested, MTBC DNA was detected in antemortem and postmortem samples from five animals. The PCR was also able to detect MTBC DNA in samples from two African elephants confirmed to have M. bovis and M. tuberculosis infections (one each). Culture-confirmed uninfected rhinoceros and elephants’ samples tested negative in the PCR assay.Conclusions: These results suggest this new detection kit is a sensitive screening test for the detection of MTBC-infected African buffaloes, African elephants and white rhinoceros.
The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strain on apoptosis and necroptosis state of macrophages derived from active pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Yanti Budi , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Amin Muhammad , Harapan Harapan , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Soetjipto Soetjipto 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective The role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strain in tuberculosis (TB) infection in human is still questioned. The aim of this study was to determine whether MTBC strain is associated with apoptosis and necroptosis by measuring the expression of specific signaling pathways components (Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) and receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3)), as well as the level of apoptosis. Results We recruited 24 TB patients infected with M. tuberculosis Beijing strain and six patients with M. bovis BCG strain. Data indicated that those who infected with M. tuberculosis were more frequent to have severe lung damage than M. bovis (odds ratio [OR]: 7.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-54.09). M. tuberculosis infection was also associated with lower expression of FADD and lower apoptosis level of macrophage cells compared to M. bovis . No significant different of RIP3 between strain groups. In conclusion, M. tuberculosis Beijing strain is associated with severe pulmonary damage, inhibits FADD expression and reduces apoptosis level in macrophages derived from TB. This suggests that MTBC strain potentially be used as determinant of progressivity of disease and tissue damage in TB cases.
“Death is a better option than being treated like this”: a prevalence survey and qualitative study of depression among multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in-patients.
Authors: Huque Rumana , Elsey Helen , Fieroze Fariza , Hicks Joseph Paul , Huque Samina , Bhawmik Prashanta , Walker Ian , Newell James 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Understanding of the relationship between multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and mental health is limited. With growing prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, addressing mental ill-health has potential to improve treatment outcomes and well-being. In several low and middle-income contexts hospitalisation during treatment is common. Understanding of the impact on mental ill-health is required to inform interventions for patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Our aim was to identify the prevalence of comorbid depression among in-patients being treated for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and to explore their experiences of comorbid disease and the care they received in a large specialist chest hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods We conducted a quantitative cross-sectional survey among 150 multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in-patients (new cases = 34%, previously treated = 66%) in 2018. A psychiatrist assessed depression was assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Depression (SCID DSM-IV). We used multi-level modelling to identify associations with depression. Experience Bangladeshi researchers conducted qualitative interviews with 8 patients, 4 carers, 4 health professionals and reflective notes recorded. Qualitative data was analysed thematically. Results We found 33.8% (95% CI 26.7%; 41.7%) of patients were depressed. While more women were depressed 39.3% (95% CI 27.6%; 52.4%) than men 30.4% (95% CI 22%; 40.5%) this was not significant. After controlling for key variables only having one or more co-morbidity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.88 [95% CI 1.13; 7.33]) and being a new rather than previously treated case (AOR = 2.33 [95% CI 1.06; 5.14]) were associated (positively) with depression. Qualitative data highlighted the isolation and despair felt by patients who described a service predominantly focused on providing medicines. Individual, familial, societal and health-care factors influenced resilience, nuanced by gender, socio-economic status and home location. Conclusions Patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis are at high risk of depression, particularly those with co- and multi-morbidities. Screening for depression and psycho-social support should be integrated within routine TB services and provided throughout treatment.
Changes in extreme rainfall and its implications for design rainfall using a Bayesian quantile regression approach
Authors: Uranchimeg Sumiya , Kwon Hyun-Han , Kim Byungsik , Kim Tae-Woong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aims to explore possible distributional changes in annual daily maximum rainfalls (ADMRs) over South Korea using a Bayesian multiple non-crossing quantile regression model. The distributional changes in the ADMRs are grouped into nine categories, focusing on changes in the location and scale parameters of the probability distribution. We identified seven categories for a distributional change in the selected stations. Most of the stations (28 of 50) are classified as Category III, which is characterized by an upward trend with an increase in variance in the distribution. Moreover, stations with a downward trend with a decrease in the variance pattern (Category VII) are mainly distributed on the southern Korean coast. On the other hand, Category I stations are mostly located in eastern Korea and primarily show a statistically significant upward trend with a decrease in variance. Moreover, this study explored changes in design rainfall estimates for different categories in terms of distributional changes. For Categories I, II, III, and VI, a noticeable increase in design rainfall was observed, while Categories IV, V, and VII showed no evidence of association with risk of increased extreme rainfall.
Removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution by using micro-spheres of Zea mays rachis–sodium alginate by batch and column systems
Authors: Gutiérrez-López D. , Flores-Alamo N. , Carreño-de-León M. C. , Solache-Rios M. J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The behavior of composite beads of Zea mays rachis and sodium alginate (AL) for Pb (II) adsorption was studied. The Zea mays rachis–sodium alginate was prepared and characterized. The IR spectra showed interactions of the functional groups and the metal ions after adsorption. The kinetic data were fitted to the pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order models, the maximum adsorption capacity was 60 mg/g for Pb (II), and the isotherm data were best adjusted to the Freundlich model, indicating that the adsorbent is heterogeneous. The thermodynamic study shows that the process is physisorption. The service time of columns increases as the height of columns increases, and this behavior was attributed to the active sites available in the columns. The initial concentration of Pb (II) had a significant effect on the breakthrough curves. As the concentration increases, the saturation time decreases. The material was regenerated four times (adsorption–desorption cycles), without a significant change in the removal efficiencies.
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Resistance Mechanisms Developed Against the Proteasomal Inhibitors in Cancer Cells
Authors: Yerlikaya Azmi , Kanbur Ertan 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is crucial for all cellular processes and is,
therefore, a critical target for the investigation and development of novel strategies for cancer treatment.
In addition, approximately 30% of newly synthesized proteins never attain their final conformations
due to translational errors or defects in post-translational modifications; therefore, they are also
rapidly eliminated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

Objective:
Here, an effort was made to outline the recent findings deciphering the new molecular
mechanisms involved in the regulation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as well as the resistance
mechanisms developed against proteasome inhibitors in cell culture experiments and in the clinical
trials.

Results:
Since cancer cells have higher proliferation rates and are more prone to translational errors,
they require the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for selective advantage and sustained proliferation.
Therefore, drugs targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway are promising agents for the treatment of
both hematological and solid cancers.

Conclusions:
A number of proteasome inhibitors are approved and used for the treatment of advanced
and relapsed multiple myeloma. Unfortunately, drug resistance mechanisms may develop very fast
within days of the start of the proteasome inhibitor-treatment either due to the inherent or acquired resistance
mechanisms under selective drug pressure. However, a comprehensive understanding of the
mechanisms leading to the proteasome inhibitor-resistance will eventually help the design and development
of novel strategies involving new drugs and/or drug combinations for the treatment of a number
of cancers.
Book Review: Layered Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Pothu Ramyakrishna , Saran Aditya , Kalambate Pramod K. , Boddula Rajender 
Published: May 2020

Background:
A Book Review on Layered Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion
Edited by Dongsheng Geng, Yuan Cheng and Gang Zhang, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019,
315 Pages, Print ISBN 978-1-78801-426-7, Print ISSN 2046-0066, DOI: 10.1039/9781788016193-
FP001.

:
In the earlier decade, the extensive research hot-spot in two-dimensional (2D) layered materials,
especially graphene, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and transition metal dichalcogenides
(TMDCs) benefited from their exceptional chemical, physical, optical, mechanical and electronic
properties. This book provides an up-to-date comprehensive overview of synthesis approaches and
functionalization routes of graphene and TMDCs and functional properties of intercalated layered
materials and its energy applications.

Methods:
The chemistry of layered two-dimensional materials towards its allied applications in
electrocatalysis, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, thermoelectric materials, watersplitting
and performance of photovoltaic devices are the core issues of energy storage and conversion
and they are well addressed in this book.

Results:
This book consists of nine chapters. Altogether they discuss layered materials, energy
storage, substitute energy storage and conversion specifically as it is not possible to discuss each
and everything in detail. The chapters are written well by reputed experts around the globe. That
makes this book an outstandingly important and reliable source of information. It is valuable for a
book to provide updated information, review the work done to date, do proper analysis, compare
the pros and cons of comparable existing technologies and guide the readers to the research gaps
and places where improvement is required.

Conclusion:
This book is an essential reference guide for students, researchers, engineers and professionals
in the advanced materials community and energy-related sectors such as photovoltaics,
water-splitting, supercapacitor, and batteries, etc.
Recent Approaches to Integrate Multiomics Data on System Biology
Authors: Çelebier Mustafa , Ercan Ayşe 
Published: May 2020

Background:
In this review, an outline of the development of omics studies in recent
years was envisaged. The bottom-up and top-down approaches on system biology were discussed
and some of the recent tools that integrate multiomics data on system biology studies were examined.
The improvements in omics applications from genomics to metabolomics were inspected in the light
of breast cancer biomarker discovery.

Results:
It is known that genome or proteome analysis alone is not sufficient to elucidate the molecular
mechanism of any disease, but instead, a holistic evaluation, including metabolomics studies, is
rational and gives definite results. Breast cancer markers approved at the beginning of the millennium
encouraged researchers to search for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with the improvements
of advanced analytical strategies. Obviously, the recent developments on omics techniques and
tools to process multiomics data are capable of presenting valuable scientific information better than
ever before.

Conclusion:
Clinical researches using omics techniques might be supported with the integration of
multiomics data to validate the results and to understand the molecular interactions in the biological
system.
Smart Multivariate Spectrophotometric Assisted Techniques for Simultaneous Determination of Ephedrine Hydrochloride and Naphazoline Nitrate in the Presence of Interfering Parabens
Authors: Eltanany Basma M. , Mouhamed Aya A. , Lamie Nesrine T. , Mostafa Nadia M. 
Published: May 2020

Background: PARTIAL Least Squares (PLS) and Principal Component Regression (PCR)
are two well-known chemometric methods based on dimension reduction techniques. They can be very
practical analyzing a large data set of multiple correlated predictor variables.

Objective:In the presented work, the resolving power of spectrophotometric assisted mathematical techniques
was implemented for the simultaneous determination of two active ingredients; ephedrine hydrochloride (EPH)
and naphazoline nitrate (NAPH), in a matrix of excipients.

Methods:To build the PLS and PCR models, a calibration set was prepared where the two drugs, in
combination with the interfering parabens, were modeled by multilevel multifactor design. The proposed
models successfully predicted the concentrations of both drugs in validation samples with low
Root Mean Squared Error of Prediction (RMSEP).

Results:The results revealed the ability of the mentioned multivariate calibration models to analyze
EPH and NAPH in the presence of the interfering parabens with high selectivity in the concentration
ranges of 4.00-20.00 μg mL-1 and 1.00-9.00 μg mL-1, respectively.

Conclusion: A commercially available nasal spray was successfully analyzed using the developed
methods without interfering with other dosage form additives.