bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What kind of seed dormancy occurs in the legume genus Cassia?
Authors: Rodrigues-Junior Ailton G. , Santos Marco T. A. , Hass Julia , Paschoal Bárbara S. M. , De-Paula Orlando C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCassia is a diverse legume genus widespread in the (sub-)tropical zone of the world. Several studies have been done on this genus; however, significant changes have occurred at the taxonomic level over the years. This has led to inaccurate information about seed dormancy in Cassia since many species are no longer included in the genus. Thus, our work aims to investigate and update the information about the kind of dormancy that occurs in seeds of Cassia species and also look into two notorious species in this group (C. fistula and C. javanica) to compare myxospermous vs. non-myxospermous seeds regarding dormancy and germination traits. Seed dormancy reports were found for 53 Cassia species, and the only kind of seed dormancy found for these species was physical dormancy (PY). Non-dormancy was not found, and all seeds had a blockage to water uptake during the dormant state, that is, all have PY. Of these 53 species, only 18 are currently included in the genus Cassia. C. fistula and C. javanica have fully developed embryos, and dormancy is only conferred by the (water-impermeable) seed coat. The lens in the seed coat is the only structure that creates a water pathway to break PY in C. fistula. Myxospermous seeds came out of dormancy faster than non-myxospermous ones. PY seems to be the only kind of seed dormancy that has evolved in Cassia. The extent of this kind of dormancy in all subtribe Cassiinae is also discussed.
Nephronectin promotes breast cancer brain metastatic colonization via its integrin-binding domains
Authors: Magnussen Synnøve Norvoll , Toraskar Jimita , Wilhelm Imola , Hasko Janos , Figenschau Stine Linn , Molnar Judit , Seppola Marit , Steigen Sonja E. , Steigedal Tonje S. , Hadler-Olsen Elin , Krizbai Istvan A. , Svineng Gunbjørg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates a role for the extracellular matrix protein nephronectin (NPNT) in promoting experimental breast cancer brain metastasis, possibly through enhanced binding to- and migration through brain endothelial cells. With the introduction of more targeted breast cancer treatments, a prolonged survival has resulted during the last decade. Consequently, an increased number of patients develop metastasis in the brain, a challenging organ to treat. We recently reported that NPNT was highly expressed in primary breast cancer and associated with unfavourable prognosis. The current study addresses our hypothesis that NPNT promotes brain metastases through its integrin-binding motifs. SAGE-sequencing revealed that NPNT was significantly up-regulated in human breast cancer tissue compared to pair-matched normal breast tissue. Human brain metastatic breast cancers expressed both NPNT and its receptor, integrin α8β1. Using an open access repository; BreastMark, we found a correlation between high NPNT mRNA levels and poor prognosis for patients with the luminal B subtype. The 66cl4 mouse cell line was used for expression of wild-type and mutant NPNT, which is unable to bind α8β1. Using an in vivo model of brain metastatic colonization, 66cl4-NPNT cells showed an increased ability to form metastatic lesions compared to cells with mutant NPNT, possibly through reduced endothelial adhesion and transmigration.
Tinnitus and risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: a retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chu Hsuan-Te , Liang Chih‐Sung , Yeh Ta-Chuan , Hu Li-Yu , Yang Albert C. , Tsai Shih-Jen , Shen Cheng-Che 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTinnitus has been implied as a “soft” sign of neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by progressive loss of neuronal function, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to determine whether the risk of developing AD/PD increases after having tinnitus. We conducted a retrospective matched cohort study with 12,657 tinnitus patients and 25,314 controls from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan with almost 10 years follow-up. Tinnitus-related risk on developing AD/PD followingly was determined by the Cox regression to identify potential confounding factors. Through the 10-year follow-up period, 398 individuals with tinnitus (3.1%) and 501 control individuals (2.0%) developed AD (P < 0.001), and 211 tinnitus patients (1.7%) and 249 control patients (1.0%) developed PD (P < 0.001). Compared with controls, patients with tinnitus were 1.54 times more likely to develop AD (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–1.78, P < 0.001) and 1.56 times more likely to develop PD (95% CI 1.29–1.89, P < 0.001), after adjusting confounding factors. Our results indicate an association between tinnitus and higher risk of developing AD and PD. Additional physical comorbidities may also increase the risk of developing AD and PD.
Effects of nitric oxide on the GABA, polyamines, and proline in tea (Camellia sinensis) roots under cold stress
Authors: Wang Yuhua , Xiong Fei , Nong Shouhua , Liao Jieren , Xing Anqi , Shen Qiang , Ma Yuanchun , Fang Wanping , Zhu Xujun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTea plant often suffers from low temperature induced damage during its growth. How to improve the cold resistance of tea plant is an urgent problem to be solved. Nitric oxide (NO), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and proline have been proved that can improve the cold resistance of tea plants, and signal transfer and biosynthesis link between them may enhance their function. NO is an important gas signal material in plant growth, but our understanding of the effects of NO on the GABA shunt, proline and NO biosynthesis are limited. In this study, the tea roots were treated with a NO donor (SNAP), NO scavenger (PTIO), and NO synthase inhibitor (L-NNA). SNAP could improve activities of arginine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, glutamate decarboxylase, GABA transaminase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and the expression level of related genes during the treatments. The contents of putrescine and spermidine under SNAP treatment were 45.3% and 37.3% higher compared to control at 24 h, and the spermine content under PTIO treatment were 57.6% lower compare to control at 12 h. Accumulation of proline of SNAP and L-NNA treatments was 52.2% and 43.2% higher than control at 48 h, indicating other pathway of NO biosynthesis in tea roots. In addition, the NO accelerated the consumption of GABA during cold storage. These facts indicate that NO enhanced the cold tolerance of tea, which might regulate the metabolism of the GABA shunt and of proline, associated with NO biosynthesis.
High yielding ability of a large-grain rice cultivar, Akita 63
Authors: Makino Amane , Kaneta Yoshihiro , Obara Mitsuhiro , Ishiyama Keiki , Kanno Keiichi , Kondo Eri , Suzuki Yuji , Mae Tadahiko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo increase the yield potential while limiting the environmental impact of N management practices is an important issue in rice cultivation. The large-grain rice cultivar Akita 63 showed higher N-use efficiency for grain production. To elucidate this, we analyzed yield characteristics of Akita 63 in comparison with those of a maternal cultivar, Oochikara with a large grain, a paternal cultivar, Akita 39 with a normal grain, and a Japanese leading cultivar, Akitakomachi. The yields of Akita 63 were 20% higher than those of Oochikara and Akita 39, and 50% higher than those of Akitakomachi for the same N application. Akita 63 showed superior N uptake capacity. Whereas a trade-off between single grain weight and grain number was found for Oochikara, Akita 63 did not show such a relationship. The success in Akita 63 breeding was due to overcoming such a trade-off. Akita 63 had the large-grain alleles of GS3 and qSW5. Thus, an enlargement of grain size can have a great impact on an increase in yield with improved N-use efficiency. However, an enlargement of sink capacity led to source limitation. Thus, both sink and source improvements are essential for a further increase in the yield of today’s high-yielding cultivars.
Development of Neural Structure and Function in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Implications for Learning Language
Authors: Coburn Kelly L. , Williams Diane L. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Neurodevelopmental processes that begin during gestation and continue throughout childhood typically support language development. Understanding these processes can help us to understand the disruptions to language that occur in neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method
For this tutorial, we conducted a focused literature review on typical postnatal brain development and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetoencephalography, and electroencephalography studies of the neurodevelopmental differences that occur in ASD. We then integrated this knowledge with the literature on evidence-based speech-language intervention practices for autistic children.

Results
In ASD, structural differences include altered patterns of cortical growth and myelination. Functional differences occur at all brain levels, from lateralization of cortical functions to the rhythmic activations of single neurons. Neuronal oscillations, in particular, could help explain disrupted language development by elucidating the timing differences that contribute to altered functional connectivity, complex information processing, and speech parsing. Findings related to implicit statistical learning, explicit task learning, multisensory integration, and reinforcement in ASD are also discussed.

Conclusions
Consideration of the neural differences in autistic children provides additional scientific support for current recommended language intervention practices. Recommendations consistent with these neurological findings include the use of short, simple utterances; repetition of syntactic structures using varied vocabulary; pause time; visual supports; and individualized sensory modifications.
The Orofacial Somatosensory System Is Modulated During Speech Planning and Production
Authors: McGuffin Brianna J. , Liss Julie M. , Daliri Ayoub 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
In our previous studies, we showed that the brain modulates the auditory system, and the modulation starts during speech planning. However, it remained unknown whether the brain uses similar mechanisms to modulate the orofacial somatosensory system. Here, we developed a novel behavioral paradigm to (a) examine whether the somatosensory system is modulated during speech planning and (b) determine the somatosensory modulation's time course during planning and production.

Method

Participants (
N
= 20) completed two experiments in which we applied electrical current stimulation to the lower lip to induce somatosensory sensation. In the first experiment, we used a staircase method (one-up, four-down) to determine each participant's perceptual threshold at rest (i.e., the stimulus that the participant detected on 85% of trials). In the second experiment, we estimated each participant's detection ratio of electrical stimuli (with a magnitude equivalent of their perceptual threshold) delivered at various time points before speaking and during a control condition (silent reading).

Results
We found that the overall detection ratio in the silent reading condition remained unchanged relative to the detection ratio at rest. Approximately 536 ms before speech onset, the detection ratio in the speaking condition was similar to that in the silent reading condition; however, the detection ratio in the speaking condition gradually started to decrease and reached its lowest level at 58 ms before speech onset.

Conclusions
Overall, we provided compelling behavioral evidence that, as the speech motor system prepares speech movements, it also modulates the orofacial somatosensory system in a temporally specific manner.
Social Media and Internet Use Patterns by Adolescents With Complex Communication Needs
Authors: Bosse Ingo , Renner Gregor , Wilkens Leevke 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Nearly all students use Internet-based social media to communicate and network. For those with complex communication needs who may benefit from augmentative and alternative communication, social media offer specific opportunities to participate. However, do students make use of them—or do they face new barriers? The aim of the study was to collect data on the types, frequency, and duration of Internet and social media use among students with complex communication needs, along with the barriers to and facilitators of use, and to compare their use with peers without disabilities.

Method
Twenty-four German secondary school students with complex communication needs and motor difficulties were surveyed by a questionnaire based on an Australian study.

Results
A majority (75%) of the participants used the Internet, with most using daily and on more than one device. Use for school activities played only a minor role. Instead, the Internet was most often used for recreational activities (e.g., listening to music, watching videos), followed by communication by e-mail or chat, and lastly for seeking information. Greater Internet use was desired by 88% of the participants. The data show technical and social difficulties in Internet access and use and indicate that literacy skills and motor skills influence the Internet use.

Conclusion
School education should address the desire for greater Internet use. The teaching of media literacy and the provision of appropriate assistive and/or mainstream technology are therefore needed. More research is required on how persons with complex communication needs can potentially and actually benefit from the use of social media and on how teaching how to use social media can lead to further digital and social participation.
Confidence Level and Ability of Medical Students to Identify
Abdominal Structures After Integrated Ultrasound Sessions
Authors: Nausheen Fauzia , Young Corey , Brazil John , Dunagan Timothy , Bhupathy Renu , Elango Sambandam , Crowley Jason 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDetermine the confidence level and ability of first year medical
students to identify abdominal structures using a wireless portable ultrasound
scanner.The students were assessed for their confidence and ability to
perform abdominal ultrasound. The 5-point Likert survey included questions on
their perception about ultrasound as a resource for learning anatomy, physical
examination skills, and the quality of the pre-session instructions. Data was
also recorded by the faculty about the students’ ultrasound skills and
confidence. Goodman and Kruskal's gamma was used to demonstrate an
association between the students’ ability to identify the structures and
the self-reported student confidence level.
Most of the students had confidence and were able to identify the
liver, kidney, and urinary bladder, while almost half of them needed faculty
help them to identify the inferior vena cava and aorta. The spleen and gall
bladder were the most difficult to locate even for the very confident students.
The perception of supervising faculty was that the confidence level was low in
most of the students and only 13–20% of students felt
“very confident” about performing ultrasound. Almost 37%
needed encouragement and support and almost 10% of the students were not
willing to try to locate difficult organs. Some students started locating the
ureteric jet and portal vein. Most of the students agreed that ultrasound is an
excellent resource for learning anatomy and physical examination skills. All
students suggested having more ultrasound sessions.
Most of the students feel confident about performing
ultrasound and they perceive that ultrasound can enhance their basic sciences
and physical examination skills.
Synergistic Effect of Bypassing Agents and Sequence Identical Analogue of Emicizumab and Fibrin Clot Structure in the In Vitro Model of Hemophilia A
Authors: Zong Yanan , Antovic Aleksandra , Soutari Nida Mahmoud Hourani , Antovic Jovan , Pruner Iva 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDevelopment of inhibitors to factor VIII (FVIII) occurs in approximately 30% of severe hemophilia A (HA) patients. These patients are treated with bypassing agents (activated prothrombin complex concentrate [aPCC] and recombinant activated FVII-rFVIIa). Recently, a bispecific FIX/FIXa- and FX/FXa-directed antibody (emicizumab) has been approved for the treatment of HA patients with inhibitors. However, the data from clinical studies imply that coadministration of emicizumab and bypassing agents, especially aPCC, could have a thrombotic effect.This study was aimed to address the question of potential hypercoagulability of emicizumab and bypassing agents' coadministration, we have investigated fibrin clot formation and structure in the in vitro model of severe HA after adding sequence-identical analogue (SIA) of emicizumab and bypassing agents.Combined overall hemostasis potential (OHP) and fibrin clot turbidity assay was performed in FVIII-deficient plasma after addition of different concentrations of SIA, rFVIIa, and aPCC. Pooled normal plasma was used as control. The fibrin clots were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).OHP and turbidity parameters improved with the addition of aPCC, while therapeutic concentrations of rFVIIa did not show substantial improvement. SIA alone and in combination with rFVIIa or low aPCC concentration improved OHP and turbidity parameters and stabilized fibrin network, while in combination with higher concentrations of aPCC expressed hypercoagulable pattern and generated denser clots.Our in vitro model suggests that combination of SIA and aPCC could potentially be prothrombotic, due to hypercoagulable changes in fibrin clot turbidity and morphology. Additionally, combination of SIA and rFVIIa leads to the formation of stable clots similar to normal fibrin clots.
Artrose medial do joelho: Uma patologia de evolução progressiva
Authors: Camanho Gilberto Luis 
Published: July 2020

ResumoA artrose medial do joelho é uma patologia evolutiva que ocorre em decorrência de desequilíbrio muscular progressivo. Os músculos da região do joelho têm um grande desequilíbrio, provocado pela diferença de potência e braço de alavanca. Com a progressão da vida, este desequilíbrio se manifesta de forma mais importante, especialmente em decorrência da perda de força muscular em função do envelhecimento. Posturas patológicas passam a ocorrer e determinar zonas de apoio e pressão lesivas para a articulação. A lesão meniscal é típica na evolução desta patologia, assim como a lesão da cartilagem. O reconhecimento desta patologia possibilita resultados bons com tratamentos menos agressivos, como a correção do desequilíbrio muscular e consequente reeducação do apoio da articulação. A meniscectomia econômica e parcial traz bons resultados nas fases iniciais do processo degenerativo. A evolução progressiva leva à degeneração do joelho e à consequente necessidade de cirurgias mais amplas.
Using Formative Video Competencies and Summative In-Person Competencies to Examine Preparedness for Entry-Level Professional Practice
Authors: Hoepner Jerry K. , Hemmerich Abby L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA key element of competency-based education is assessment. Effective assessment requires access to a core set of expectations that match a learner's level of preparation. Miller's triangle provides a framework for establishing appropriate expectations that move learners from novice to entry-level clinicians. Formative assessment and feedback are a crucial part of facilitating learning in this context. A pilot investigation was conducted to examine the effects of a formative, video competency on performance in a summative, live competency. Rubrics were used to score performance on two competencies, an oral mechanism exam (OME) and a clinical bedside swallowing examination (CBSE). Performance on the OME was significantly improved in the summative competency, compared with the formative, video competency. Performance on the CBSE did not change from formative to summative competency. Assessment in competency-based education is important as a measure of readiness for entry-level practice. Formative assessment and feedback can improve preparedness and performance on summative competencies. Detailed, criterion-referenced assessment tools are crucial to identifying performance. While the OME rubric used in this investigation appears to meet that standard, it is likely that the CBSE rubric was not specific enough to detect changes.
Soft measurement of ball mill load based on multi-classifier ensemble modelling and multi-sensor fusion with improved evidence combination
Authors: Huang Peng , Sang Gao , Miao Qiuhua , Ding Yifei , Jia Minping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the traditional Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence theory obtains counter-intuitive results when dealing with conflicting evidences, a new index of evidence dissimilarity measure and an improved evidence combination method are proposed in this paper, which are verified through numerical examples and UCI datasets by comparing with other methods. Then, based on the improved evidence combination method, an improved multi-classifier ensemble modelling is proposed in this paper, which is applied to the soft measurement of ball mill load. Experiments are performed with a laboratory ball mill, and the vibration signals of bearing seats are used as auxiliary variables for the mill load. The recognition results of multiple classifiers and multiple sensors are fused in turn. The recognition accuracy of the proposed method in multi-sensor fusion is significantly higher than that of a single sensor, and the overall classification accuracy is higher than that of other combination methods, which can be found that the proposed method effectively improves the accuracy of soft measurement of ball mill load.
Biomass generation of the hedgerow and open fallow systems and their implication to length of the fallow period
Authors: Suson P D , Suson J I , Amparado R , Amparado O 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study shows that the hedgerow fallow system has the potential in reducing the fallow period as it generates massive amount of biomass in a shorter period of time. In the humid tropics, biomass plays an indispensable role in potentially supplying the nutrients needed for crop production in shifting cultivation systems. During fallow period, much of the nutrients are locked up in the biomass to prevent nutrient losses; these nutrients are then released during cropping. The massive amount of biomass generated will proportionately store up a higher amount of nutrients needed during the cropping phase. The shortening of the fallow period is most important when land availability is scarce.
Diatoms in the rivers of Calamba Misamis Occidental, Philippines
Authors: Sinco Astrid L. , Tampus Annielyn D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Diatoms are good indicators of the environmental integrity of lotic ecosystems. This study aims to identify the genera of diatoms present in the rivers of Calamba, Misamis Occidental, Philippines and their corresponding abundance. Sixteen genera of diatoms were identified in the rivers where the majority of the genera favor intermediate to the high nutrient concentration. The species of Fragilaria and Navicula were most abundant upstream while the species of Amphora was the most abundant downstream. The following genera were present in all the rivers sampled and most of these have high cell densities: Amphora, Cymbella, Epithemia, Fragilaria, Gomphonema, Navicula, and Nitzschia. Based on the assemblage of diatom genera, the rivers sampled at Calamba Misamis Oriental are already showing signs of nutrient enrichment. Using probes to measure the concentrations of nutrients in the rivers can further validate this finding.