bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral Encoding of Seen and Attended Object Categories in the Human Brain
Authors: Sabra Zahraa , Bonilha Leonardo , Naselaris Thomas 
Published: November 2019

Local field potentials (LFPs) encode visual information via variations in power at many frequencies. These variations are complex and depend on stimulus and cognitive state in ways that have yet to be fully characterized. Specifically, the frequencies (or combinations of frequencies) that most robustly encode specific types of visual information are not fully known. To address this knowledge gap, we used intracranial EEG to record LFPs at 858 widely distributed recording sites as human subjects (six males, five females) indicated whether briefly presented natural scenes depicted one of three attended object categories. Principal component analysis applied to power spectra of the LFPs near stimulus onset revealed a broadband component (1–100 Hz) and two narrowband components (1–8 and 8–30 Hz, respectively) that encoded information about both seen and attended categories. Interestingly, we found that seen and attended categories were not encoded with the same fidelity by these distinct spectral components. Model-based tuning and decoding analyses revealed that power variations along the broadband component were most sharply tuned and offered more accurate decoding for seen than for attended categories. Power along the narrowband delta–theta (1–8 Hz) component robustly decoded information about both seen and attended categories, while the alpha–beta (8–30 Hz) component was specialized for attention. We conclude that, when viewing natural scenes, information about the seen category is encoded via broadband and sub-gamma (<30 Hz) power variations, while the attended category is most robustly encoded in the sub-gamma range. More generally, these results suggest that power variation along different spectral components can encode qualitatively different kinds of visual information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn this article, we characterize how changes in visual stimuli depicting specific objects (cars, faces, and buildings) and changes in attention to those objects affect the frequency content of local field potentials in the human brain. In contrast to many previous studies that have investigated encoding by variations in power at high (>30 Hz) frequencies, we find that the most important variation patterns are broadband (i.e., distributed across multiple frequencies) and narrowband, but in lower frequencies (<30 Hz). Interestingly, we find that seen and attended categories are not encoded with the same fidelity by these distinct spectral encoding patterns, suggesting that power at different frequencies can encode qualitatively different kinds of information.
Mesocorticolimbic Pathways Encode Cue-Based Expectancy Effects on Pain
Authors: Tu Yiheng , Bi Yanzhi , Zhang Libo , Wei Hua , Hu Li 
Published: November 2019

Expectation interacting with nociceptive input can shape the perception of pain. It has been suggested that reward-related expectations are associated with the activation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), which projects to the striatum (e.g., nucleus accumbens [NAc]) and prefrontal cortex (e.g., rostral anterior cingulate cortex [rACC]). However, the role of these projection pathways in encoding expectancy effects on pain remains unclear. In this study, we leveraged a visual cue conditioning paradigm with a long pain anticipation period and collected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 30 healthy human subjects (14 females). At the within-subject level, whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analyses showed that the mesocortical pathway (VTA-rACC FC) and the mesolimbic pathway (VTA-NAc FC) were enhanced with positive expectation but inhibited with negative expectation during pain anticipation period. Mediation analyses revealed that cue-based expectancy effects on pain were mainly mediated by the VTA-NAc FC, and structural equation modeling showed that VTA-based FC influenced pain perception by modulating pain-evoked brain responses. At the between-subject level, multivariate pattern analyses demonstrated that gray matter volumes in the VTA, NAc, and rACC were able to predict the magnitudes of conditioned pain responses associated with positive and/or negative expectations across subjects. Our results therefore advance the current understanding of how the reward system is linked to the interaction between expectation and pain. Furthermore, they provide precise functional and structural information on mesocorticolimibic pathways that encode within-subject and between-subject variability of expectancy effects on pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStudies have suggested that reward-related expectation is associated with the activation of the VTA, which projects to the striatum and prefrontal cortex. However, the role of these projection pathways in encoding expectancy effects on pain remains unclear. Using multimodality MRI and a visual cue conditioning paradigm, we found that the functional connectivity and gray matter volumes in key regions (the VTA, NAc, and rostral ACC) within the mesocorticolimbic pathways encoded expectancy effects on pain. Our results advance the current understanding of how the reward system is linked to the interaction between expectation and pain, and provide precise functional and structural information on mesocorticolimbic pathways that encode expectancy effects on pain.
The NALCN Channel Regulator UNC-80 Functions in a Subset of Interneurons To RegulateCaenorhabditis elegansReversal Behavior
Authors: Zhou Chuanman , Luo Jintao , He Xiaohui , Zhou Qian , He Yunxia , Wang Xiaoqin , Ma Long 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNALCN (Na+ leak channel, non-selective) is a conserved, voltage-insensitive cation channel that regulates resting membrane potential and neuronal excitability. UNC79 and UNC80 are key regulators of the channel function. However, the behavioral effects of the channel complex are not entirely clear and the neurons in which the channel functions remain to be identified. In a forward genetic screen for C. elegans mutants with defective avoidance response to the plant hormone methyl salicylate (MeSa), we isolated multiple loss-of-function mutations in unc-80 and unc-79. C. elegans NALCN mutants exhibited similarly defective MeSa avoidance. Interestingly, NALCN, unc-80 and unc-79 mutants all showed wild type-like responses to other attractive or repelling odorants, suggesting that NALCN does not broadly affect odor detection or related forward and reversal behaviors. To understand in which neurons the channel functions, we determined the identities of a subset of unc-80-expressing neurons. We found that unc-79 and unc-80 are expressed and function in overlapping neurons, which verified previous assumptions. Neuron-specific transgene rescue and knockdown experiments suggest that the command interneurons AVA and AVE and the anterior guidepost neuron AVG can play a sufficient role in mediating unc-80 regulation of the MeSa avoidance. Though primarily based on genetic analyses, our results further imply that MeSa might activate NALCN by direct or indirect actions. Altogether, we provide an initial look into the key neurons in which the NALCN channel complex functions and identify a novel function of the channel in regulating C. elegans reversal behavior through command interneurons.
Systematic analysis of global health research funding in Canada, 2000–2016
Authors: Hoffman Steven J. , Gunn Elliot , Rogers Van Katwyk Susan , Nixon Stephanie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Considering recent shifts in global funding landscapes, this study analyzes Canada’s long-term global health research funding trends in the hope of informing a new Canadian global health research strategy. Examining past investments can help prioritize limited future resources to either build on Canada’s existing strengths or fill gaps where needed, while simultaneously informing the investments of research funders in other countries.

Methods
Administrative data were analyzed covering all 1584 global health research grants awarded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to 927 unique principal investigators from 2000 to 2016, totalling C$341 million. Existing metadata associated with each grant was supplemented by additional qualitative coding. Descriptive time-series analyses of global health research grant data were conducted using various measures related to each grant’s recipient (e.g., province, university, sex, distribution) and subject matter (e.g., research theme, area, focus).

Results
CIHR’s total annual global health research funding increased sharply from $3.6 million in FY2000/2001 to $30.3 million in FY2015/2016, with the largest share of research funding now focused on health equity—representing nearly 50% of CIHR’s global health research funding. Past grants have concentrated on infectious disease and public health research. One third of CIHR’s global health grant funding went to 20 principal investigators. Only 42.2% of global health research funding came from CIHR’s open investigator-driven competitions, with the rest coming from strategic priority-driven competitions.

Conclusion
Global health research has seen steady increases in funding from CIHR’s open competitions when preceded by investment in strategic competitions, which suggests the level of a national research funding agency’s strategic investments in global health research may determine the size of the field in their country. The greatest concentration of past investment lies in health equity research, followed by infectious disease research. Future analyses of research funding would benefit from an internationally accepted keyword classification scheme and more granular administrative data.
O PROBLEMA DA EXPERIÊNCIA DO SER EM HEIDEGGER E LACAN
Authors: Pinotti e Souza Elton Augusto 
Published: November 2019

ResumoO artigo aborda a relação entre ser e linguagem nas obras de Heidegger e Lacan. Para tanto,fizemos um percurso de diálogo crítico com algumas ideias de Slavoj Žižek presentes no artigo “Por que Lacan não é heideggeriano”, enquanto propusemos um problema: o ser só pode surgir pelo logos? Com os conceitos de das Ereignis em Heidegger e de gozo suplementar em Lacan, reconhecemos uma possibilidade de experiência do ser para mais além da identidade metafísica ou das identificações da fantasia.Palavras-chave: Heidegger, Lacan, Žižek, linguagem, ser. ResumenEl artículo aborda la relación entre ser y lenguaje en las obras de Heidegger y Lacan. Para tal fin, hicimos un recorrido de diálogo crítico con algunas ideas de Slavoj Žižek presentes en el artículo “Por que Lacan não é heideggeriano”, al tiempo que propusimos un problema: ¿El ser solo puede surgir por el logos? Con los conceptos de das Ereignis en Heidegger y goce suplementario en Lacan, reconocemos una posibilidad de experiencia del ser para más allá de la identidad metafísica o de las identificaciones de la fantasía.Palabras clave: Heidegger, Lacan, Žižek, lenguaje, ser. AbstractThis paper addresses the relation between being and language in Heidegger and Lacan's works. To that end, we made a journey of critical dialog with some of Slavoj Žižek's ideas present in the article “Por que Lacan não é heideggeriano”; at the same time, we proposed a problem: does the being appear only through the logos? With the concepts of das Ereignis in Heidegger and supplementary jouissance in Lacan, we recognize a possibility of experience of being for beyond the metaphysical identity or the fantasy identifications.Keywords: Heidegger, Lacan, Žižek, language, being. RésuméCet article aborde la relation entre être et langage chez Heidegger et Lacan. Dans ce but, l'on a effectué une révision critique de quelques idées de l'article " Pourquoi Lacan n'est pas heideggérien ” de Slavoj Žižek, en même temps que l'on posait la question suivante : l'être surgit-il seulement par le logos ? Le concept de das Ereignis chez Heidegger et celui de jouissance supplémentaire chez Lacan, nous mènent à reconnaître une possibilité d'expérience de l'être au-delà de l'identité métaphysique ou des identifications de la fantaisie.Mots-clés : Heidegger, Lacan, Žižek, langage, être.
LA ANGUSTIA, MÁS ACÁ DEL CONOCIMIENTO
Authors: Maximiliano Maximiliano Ariel 
Published: November 2019

ResumenEn el presente artículo nos proponemos abordar un aspecto escasamente trabajado en la bibliografía lacaniana, a saber, la recepción de la Crítica de la razón pura –especialmente, “La estética trascendental”-– en el seminario La angustia de Jacques Lacan. Efectivamente, los comentadores de la obra de Lacan se han centrado casi de manera exclusiva en la recepción de la filosofía práctica de Kant que ha realizado el psicoanalista francés, dejando de lado la importancia de la Crítica de la razón pura para delimitar al objeto a. En este punto, será necesario evocar la distinción fundamental entre objetividad y objetalidad para distinguir, así, el deseo a la base de las condiciones de posibilidad del conocimiento al deseo.Palabras claves: objetividad, objetalidad, epistemología, Kant, objeto a. AbstractThis paper aims at addressing one aspect barely studied of the Lacanian bibliography, i.e., the reception of the Critique of Pure Reason –especially, the “Transcendental Aesthetic”– in Jacques Lacan's seminary on Anxiety. Indeed, commentators of Lacan's work have almost exclusively focused on his reception of Kant's practical philosophy, putting aside the importance of the Critique of Pure Reason to delimit the object a. In this point, it will be necessary to recall the fundamental difference between objectivity and objectality in order to distinguish the desire on the base of the conditions of possibility from knowledge to desire.Keywords: objectivity, objectality, epistemology, Kant, object a. Résumé Cet article aborde un aspect peu étudié de l'œuvre lacanienne, à savoir, la réception de la Critique de la raison pure - notamment “L'esthétique transcendantale "– dans le séminaire L'angoisse de Jacques Lacan. En effet, les commentateurs de l'œuvre de Lacan se sont focalisés presque exclusivement sur la réception de la philosophie pratique de Kant de la part du psychanalyste français, en oubliant l'importance de la Critique de la raison pure pour délimiter l'objet a. Sur ce point, il est nécessaire d'évoquer la distinction fondamentale entre objectivité et objectalité, pour différencier ainsi le désir à la base des conditions de possibilité de la connaissance au désir.Mots-clés : objectivité, objectalité, épistémologie, Kant, objet a.
ESTRAGO MADRE-HIJA Y SUPERYÓ
Authors: Nogueira Anna Carolina 
Published: November 2019

Resumen El estrago, referido específicamente al sujeto femenino, se sostiene en la observación resaltada por Lacan de que la niña parece buscar más subsistencia en la relación con la madre que con el padre, bien como en el carácter erotómano de la demanda de las mujeres, resultado de una falta estructural relativa a la inexistencia de un significante que represente el sexo femenino en el inconsciente. Bajo esa perspectiva, el presente artículo resalta el lugar del superyó en la problemática del estrago madre-hija.Palabras-clave: Estrago, Superyó, Deseo de la Madre, Feminidad.Abstract Ravage, specifically referred to the feminine subject, is based on this observation made by Lacan: the girl seems to look for subsistence more in her relationship with the mother than in the one with the father, as well as in the erotomaniacal character of women's demand, result of a structural lack relative to the non-existence of a signifier which represents the feminine sex in the unconscious. From such a perspective, this paper highlights the place of the superego in the issue of the mother-daughter ravage.Keywords: ravage, superego, desire of the mother, femininity.Résumé Le ravage, qui se réfère exclusivement au sujet féminin, trouve appui sur cette observation faite par Lacan : la petite fille semblerait chercher plus de survie dans le rapport à la mère qu'au père, ainsi que dans le caractère érotomane de la demande des femmes, résultant d'un manque structurel concernant l'inexistence d'un signifiant qui représente le sexe féminin dans l'inconscient. Sous cet angle, cet article met en relief la place du surmoi dans la problématique du ravage mère-fille.Mots-clés : ravage, surmoi, désir de la mère, féminité.
BRUJERÍA E HISTERIA: EL SÍNTOMA COMO CRÍTICA
Authors: Hernández Delgado Rigoberto 
Published: November 2019

ResumenEsta comunicación pretende mostrar cómo la histeria y otros fenómenos corporales históricamente conocidos (brujería y posesión demoniaca) pueden ser leídos como expresiones de un modo discursivo más allá de una mera interpretación clínica, sin decir que dicha interpretación no sea no sea posible y legítima de cierta manera. El discurso de la histeria sería aquello que se expresa desde afuera o desde adentro, pero siempre contra el conjunto de discursos dominantes en una época y en un contexto posibles y legítimos de cierta manera. El discurso de la histeria sería aquello que se expresa en lo social de modo concreto, es decir, una forma de discurso subversivo y crítico cuyo rasgo transversal ha sido el de usar al cuerpo como modalidad privilegiada de expresión.Palabras clave: histeria, discurso histérico, síntoma, poder, psicoanálisis. AbstractThis paper aims at showing how hysteria and other historically known corporal phenomena (witchcraft and demonic possession) can be read as expressions of a form of discourse instead of a mere clinic interpretation, not saying that such an interpretation is not possible and legitimate in some way. Hysteria discourse would express from the outside or from the inside, but always against the discourses dominant in a time and context that were possible and legitimate in some way. Hysteria discourse would express in the social in a concrete way, i.e., as a form of subversive and critical discourse whose transverse feature has been the use of the body as the privileged way of expression.Keywords: hysteria, hysterical discourse, symptom, power, psychoanalysis. RésuméCet article vise à démontrer que l'hystérie et d'autres phénomènes corporels historiquement connus (sorcellerie et possession démoniaque) peuvent être interprétés en tant qu'expressions d'un mode discursif, au-delà d'une simple interprétation clinique, ce qui ne veut pas dire pour autant que celle-ci ne soit pas possible et légitime d'une certaine manière. Le discours de l'hystérie serait ce qui est exprimé de l'intérieur ou de l'extérieur, mais toujours à l'encontre de l'ensemble de discours dominants dans une époque et dans un contexte donnés. Le discours de l'hystérie serait ce qui est exprimé dans le domaine social de manière concrète, c'est-à-dire, il s'agit d'une forme de discours subversif et critique dont le trait transversal a été celui de l'utilisation du corps en tant que modalité privilégiée d'expression.Mots-clés : hystérie, discours hystérique, symptôme, pouvoir, psychanalyse.
UN IMPOSIBLE DUELO
Authors: De Castro Korgi Sylvia 
Published: November 2019

ResumenTeniendo como marco histórico el conflicto armado en Colombia, el artículo trata acerca del duelo truncado en casos de desaparición y, tomando apoyo en un cuento literario y un documental, muestra cómo mediante un ritual popular de enterramiento de cadáveres de desconocidos que flotan en los ríos, los habitantes de los puertos aparecen como los representantes de una humanidad que se niega a entregarle a la barbarie el último baluarte de una costumbre, en el sentido ético del término, que nos ha permitido mantenernos a salvaguarda de esa lógica: la costumbre de la sepultura.Palabras clave: duelo, desaparición, conflicto armado, literatura AbstractHaving as a context the armed conflict in Colombia, this paper addresses the truncated mourning in cases of disappearance. Supported on a literary tale and on a documentary, it presents how, through the popular ritual of burying the corpses of unknown people floating on the rivers, the riverside dwellers appear as representing a humanity which refuses to give to barbarity the last bastion of a custom, in the ethical sense of the term, that has allowed us to be safe from that logic: the custom of the burial.Keywords: mourning, disappearance, armed conflict, literature. RésuméCet article s'inscrit dans le cadre du conflit armé en Colombie, et aborde le deuil tronqué dans les cas de disparition forcée. En prenant appui sur un récit littéraire et sur un documentaire, le texte montre comment, grâce à un rituel populaire d'enterrement de cadavres d'inconnus qui flottent dans les rivières, les riverains apparaissent comme les représentants d'une humanité qui refuse de céder à la logique de la barbarie le dernier bastion d'une coutume (dans un sens éthique) qui leur a permis de se protéger contre cette même logique : la coutume de la sépulture.Mots-clés : deuil, disparition forcée, conflit armé, littérature.
Struktury wewnątrzwyrazowe współczesnego ogólnonarodowego języka chińskiego
Authors: Sikora-Miao Dagmara 
Published: November 2019

Tematem niniejszego artykułu jest opis struktur wewnątrzwyrazowych we współczesnym ogólnonarodowym języku chińskim. W pięciu częściach omawia się kolejno: wyrazy monomorfemiczne, reduplikacje, formacje afiksalne, formacje semantemowe o wewnętrznej strukturze składniowej oraz formacje syntetyczne. Słownictwo poddane analizie to wyrazy polisylabiczne, również te o statusie wyrazów złożonych.
Wyrazy monomorfemiczne polisylabiczne wraz z krótkim odniesieniem do wyrazów monomorfemicznych monosylabiczych przedstawione są w części pierwszej artykułu. Część druga opisuje budowę wyrazów o strukturze reduplikacji z uwzględnieniem ich szczególnego typu – reduplikacji złamanych. W części trzeciej zaprezentowane są formacje afiksalne, obejmujące zarówno wyrazy zawierające afiksy właściwe, jak i quasi-afiksy. Wyrazy semantemowe o strukturze podmiotowo-orzeczeniowej, koordynacyjnej, determinacyjnej, rekcyjnej i komplementywnej, a także wyrazy wielosemantemowe zawierające spiętrzone struktury składniowe omówione są w części czwartej. Rozmaite typy formacji syntetycznych, to jest wyrazów powstałych na skutek połączenia różnych typów struktur wewnątrzwyrazowych, przedstawione są w części piątej.