bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La negociación colectiva en el Perú: la hiperdescentralización y sus múltiples inconvenientes
Authors: Villavicencio Ríos Alfredo 
Published: December 2020

En América Latina la mayoría de países cuenta con una estructura negocial descentralizada que tiene en la empresa el principal ámbito de negociación y contrasta con las obligaciones de garantía y fomento que se derivan del nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano surgido tras la caída de las dictaduras en el último cuarto del siglo pasado. En el Perú la opción legislativa impone un modelo hiperdescentralizado que ha restringido al máximo la cobertura y eficacia de la tutela colectiva. Por su parte, la regulación estatal referida a la negociación colectiva articulada no resulta completa ya que deja de lado temas como la naturaleza jurídica de los instrumentos de articulación, los ámbitos de los acuerdos marco, su eficacia, entre otros.La debilidad de la tutela colectiva ha trascendido el ámbito específico de la empresa y pone en cuestión los equilibrios sociales, económicos y políticos que sustentan al Estado constitucional de derecho.
Perspectives of psychology graduates on the registration of psychologists in Zimbabwe
Authors: Zirima Herbet , Nkoma Elliott 
Published: December 2020

This study sought to explore the views of psychology graduates on the process of registration as a psychologist in Zimbabwe. Specific areas of interest to the researchers were the views of psychology graduates on the academic qualifications required for registration, the post graduate internship programme, continuing professional development and the board examinations. An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was done by conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews to twelve purposely selected psychology graduates. All participants had a masterâ€™s degree of which five were registered psychologists and the rest were not registered. Three major themes were generated from the analysis of the participantsâ€™ interviews and these were: academic qualifications for registration, post graduate internship, board examinations and continuing professional development. Generally, the results reveal lack of choices at mastersâ€™ degree programmes resulting in participants embarking on counselling and community psychology degrees. They also showed dislike on the continuing professional development points due to barriers such as localisation of workshops and lack of time to do research. The board of examination was viewed positively. The study recommends that the Allied Health Practitioners Council of Zimbabwe needs to collaborate with universities, psychology interns and registered psychologists in the best way forward in registration and practice of psychologists.
Key Words: Registration; Internship; Psychologist; Qualification; Board Examination
Koselleck y la filosofía de la historia en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Rohbeck Johannes 
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este ensayo es el de realizar una apreciación crítica de la teoría de la historia de Reinhart Koselleck centrándome en sus investigaciones sobre la historiografía y la filosofía de la historia del siglo XVIII. Intentaré mostrar que Koselleck no siempre obra con justicia respecto a las citas de las fuentes que maneja. En este sentido, el artículo que aquí se presenta contiene una buena dosis de análisis filológico tanto de los propios textos de Koselleck como de aquellos de los que él se sirve para apoyar sus argumentos. Resultará de este análisis una crítica muy ambivalente.
Dissemination of Carbapenem-resistance and Plasmids-encoding Carbapenemases in Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated from India
Authors: Manohar Prasanth , Leptihn Sebastian , Lopes Bruno S. , Ramesh Nachimuthu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is an ongoing public-health problem of global dimensions leaving very few treatment options for severely infected patients. This study focuses on the dissemination of plasmid-borne carbapenemase genes in Gram-negative bacteria in Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 151 non-repetitive isolates belonging to 11 genera were collected from a diagnostic center in Tamil Nadu. E. coli (n=57) isolates were classified as, Enteropathogenic (n=12), Enteroaggregative (n=9), Enterohemorrhagic (n=8), Enterotoxigenic (n=3), Enteroinvasive (n=1) and unclassified E. coli (n=24). Of the 45 Klebsiella species, 14 were K1 whereas 11 were K2 serotype and in 20 Klebsiella serotype could not be determined. Other isolates (n=49) consisted of P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, E. cloacae, A. baumannii, S. marcescens, A. xylosoxidans, P. mirabilis and E. meningoseptica. Of the 151 isolates, 71% (n=107) and 68% (n=103) were found to be resistant to meropenem and imipenem respectively. The most prevalent beta-lactamase gene was blaNDM-1 (21%, 12/57) followed by blaOXA-181 (16%, 9/57), blaGES-9 (n=8), blaOXA-23 (n=7), blaIMP-1 (n=3), blaGES-1 (n=11) and blaOXA-51 (n=9). The unusual presence of blaOXA-23 was seen in E. coli (n=4), and blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 (IncA/C) in K. pneumoniae (n=3). Plasmid incompatibility (inc/rep) typing results showed that the plasmids carrying resistance genes (n=11) belonged to IncX, IncA/C, IncFIA-FIB and IncFIIA groups. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were able to transfer plasmid-borne carbapenemase via conjugation. This study highlights the prevalence of carbapenem resistance and the acquisition of plasmid-borne carbapenemase genes in Gram-negative bacteria highlighting the role of plasmid transfer in disseminating resistance.
Aminophosphonate mineralisation is a major step in the global oceanic phosphorus redox cycle
Authors: Murphy Andrew , Scanlan David , Chen Yin , Bottrill Andrew , Bending Gary , Hammond John , Wellington Elizabeth , Lidbury Ian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The planktonic synthesis of reduced organophosphorus molecules, such as alkylphosphonates and aminophosphonates, represents one half of a vast global oceanic phosphorus redox cycle. Whilst alkylphosphonates tend to accumulate in recalcitrant dissolved organic matter, aminophosphonates do not. Thus, we hypothesised unknown pathways for the uptake of aminophosphonates must exist in seawater. Here, we identify three novel bacterial 2-aminoethylphosphonate (2AEP) transporters, named AepXVW, AepP and AepSTU, whose expression is independent of phosphate concentrations (phosphate-insensitive). AepXVW, is found in diverse marine heterotrophs and is ubiquitously distributed in mesopelagic and epipelagic waters. Unlike the archetypal phosphate-regulated phosphonate binding protein, PhnD, the newly identified AepX is heavily transcribed (~100-fold>PhnD) in the global ocean independently of phosphate and nitrogen concentrations. Collectively, our data identifies a mechanism responsible for the oxidative step in the marine phosphorus redox cycle and suggests 2AEP may be an important source of regenerated phosphate, which is required for oceanic primary production.
Contrasting heat stress response patterns of coral holobionts across the Red Sea suggest distinct mechanisms of thermal tolerance
Authors: Voolstra Christian , Valenzuela Jacob , Turkarslan Serdar , Cardenas Anny , Hume Benjamin , Perna Gabriela , Buitrago-López Carol , Rowe Katherine , Orellana Monica , Baliga Nitin , Paranjabe Sumi , Banc-Prandi Guilhem , Bellworthy Jessica , Fine Maoz , Frias-Torres Sarah , Barshis Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Corals from the northern Red Sea, in particular the Gulf of Aqaba (GoA), have exceptionally high bleaching thresholds approaching >5°C above their maximum monthly mean (MMM) temperatures. These elevated thresholds are thought to be due to historical selection, as corals passed through the warmer Southern Red Sea during re-colonization from the Arabian Sea. To test this hypothesis, we determined thermal tolerance thresholds of GoA versus Central Red Sea (CRS) Stylophora pistillata corals using the Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS) to run a series of standardized acute thermal stress assays. Relative thermal thresholds of GoA and CRS corals were indeed similar and exceptionally high (~7°C above MMM). However, absolute thermal thresholds of CRS corals were on average 3°C above those of GoA corals. To explore the mechanistic underpinnings, we determined gene expression response and microbiome dynamics of coral holobiont compartments. Transcriptomic responses differed markedly, with a strong response to the thermal stress in GoA corals versus a remarkably muted response in corals from the CRS. This pattern was recapitulated in the algal symbionts that showed site-specific genetic differentiation. Concomitant to this, a subset of coral and algal genes showed temperature-induced expression in GoA corals, while exhibiting fixed high expression, i.e. front-loading, in CRS corals. Bacterial community composition of GoA corals changed dramatically under heat stress, whereas CRS corals displayed consistent assemblages, indicating distinct microbial response patterns. Our work demonstrates distinct patterns underlying thermal tolerance across spatial scales, even for the same species and ocean basin. We interpret the response of GoA corals as that of a resilient population approaching a tipping point in contrast to a pattern of consistently elevated thermal resistance in CRS corals that cannot further attune. Such response differences suggest distinct thermal tolerance mechanisms that affect the response of coral populations to ocean warming.
Consent for the discontinuation of life-prolonging treatment in cancer patients: a retrospective comparative analysis before and after the enforcement of the Life Extension Medical Decision law
Authors: Chung YuJin , Beom JinHo , Lee JiEun , Park Incheol , Cho Junho 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The Life Extension Medical Decision law enacted on February 4, 2018 in South Korea was the first to consider the suspension of nonsensical life-prolonging treatment, and its enactment raised big controversy in Korean society. However, there is no study on whether the actual life-prolonging treatment for patients has decreased after enforcing the law. This study aimed to compare the provision of patient consent before and after the enforcement of the law among cancer patients who visited a tertiary university hospital's emergency room to understand the effects of the law on cancer patients' clinical care. Methods This retrospective single cohort study included advanced cancer patients over 19 years of age who visited the emergency room at a tertiary university hospital. The two study periods were as follows: from February 2017 to January 2018 (before) and from May 2018 to April 2019 (after). The primary outcome was the average length of hospital stay. The consent rate for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), intubation, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission were the secondary outcomes. Results The average length of hospital stay decreased after the law was enforced, from 4 days to 2 days (p= 0.001). The rates of direct transfers to secondary and nursing hospitals increased from 8.2% to 21.2% (p=0.001) and from 1.0% to 9.7%, respectively (p<0.001). The rate of provision of consent for admission to the ICU decreased from 6.7% to 2.3% (p=0.032). For CPR and CRRT, the rate of provision of consent decreased from 1.0% to 0.0% and from 13.9% to 8.8%, respectively, but the differences were not significant (p=0.226 and p=0.109, respectively). Conclusion According to previous research, for patients wishing only conservative treatment, the reduction in hospital stays at tertiary hospitals ultimately reduces the physical, emotional, financial burdens and also improves the quality of end-of-life at home or in a hospice facility. In this context, this research ultimately show that the purpose of the LEMD law has been achieved. Further research in several hospitals including those patients who completed the consent after hospitalization is needed to generalize the clinical implication of the LEMD law.
On-chip high-speed coherent optical signal receiver based on photonic spin-Hall effect
Authors: Lei Ting , Zhou Changyu , Wang Dawei , Xie Zhenwei , Cai Boyuan , Gao Shecheng , Xie Youpeng , Du Luping , Li Zhaohui , Zayats Anatoly , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The use of coherent optical signal processing in long-distance optical communication systems has dramatically increased data capacity enabling encoding of multiple-bit information in the amplitude and phase of a light beam. Direct detection of phase information of a high-speed modulated light remains challenging and requires an external, local oscillator for referencing, which is expensive for short-reach optical communications, for example, in datacenters. The availability of less complex integrated photonics devices for coherent signal detection would alleviate this bottleneck. On the other hand, phase information of coherent, orthogonally polarized light beams can be extracted from their polarization states and it is, therefore, possible to achieve phase measurements via fast polarization detection. Here we demonstrate an on-chip, high-speed coherent optical signal receiver enabled by spin-orbit coupling in Si-photonics circuitry. In a coherent communication experiment with up to 16 Gbaud/s rate, the high-speed quadrature phase-shift keying signals detected by a Si nanodisk based polarisation measurements at multiple wavelength in the C-band were recovered with a bit error rate below the forward error correction threshold. The proposed on-chip nanodisk coherent receiver shows promise in high-speed coherent optical communication applications where phase detection is required at low cost and small footprint.
Lack of association between vitamin D insufficiency and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Davoudi Alireza , Najafi Narges , arabi Mohsen , Tayebi Atefe , Nikaeen Roja , Izadyar Hamideh , Salar Zahra , Delavarian Leila , Vaseghi Narges , Daftarian Zahra , Ahangarkani Fatemeh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

A protective effect of vitamin D against COVID-19 is under investigation. We aimed to analyze the effect of vitamin D sufficiency on clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 infection.
Methods

In this retrospective study we analyzed the vitamin D levels of COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Razi Hospital (an infectious disease referral center in Mazandaran province in north of Iran) from February to March 2020. Overall, a cutoff point of 30 ng/mL was used for the definition of vitamin D sufficiency.
Results

153 patients were analyzed in this study who had laboratory documentation of a 25(OH) D level at the time of hospitalization. In total, 62.7% (n-=96) of the patients had a 25(OH) D level of less than 30 ng/mL and 37.25% (n = 57) had a 25(OH) D level of more than 30 ng/mL. In total, 49% (n = 75) of the patients suffered from at least one underlying disease. Vitamin D sufficiency was not associated with a statistically significant lower risk of adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 such as duration of hospitalization, lung involvement, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive and non-invasive ventilation, the severity of disease or death.
Conclusions

Sufficient vitamin D levels were not found to be protective against adverse clinical outcomes in patients infected with COVID-19.
Corona children studies "Co-Ki": First results of a Germany-wide registry on mouth and nose covering (mask) in children
Authors: Schwarz Silke , Jenetzky Ekkehart , Krafft Hanno , Maurer Tobias , Martin David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background: Narratives about complaints in children and adolescents caused by wearing a mask are accumulating. There is, to date, no registry for side effects of masks.Methods: At the University of Witten/Herdecke an online registry has been set up where parents, doctors, pedagogues and others can enter their observations. On 20.10.2020, 363 doctors were asked to make entries and to make parents and teachers aware of the registry. Results: By 26.10.2020 the registry had been used by 20,353 people. In this publication we report the results from the parents, who entered data on a total of 25,930 children. The average wearing time of the mask was 270 minutes per day. Impairments caused by wearing the mask were reported by 68% of the parents. These included irritability (60%), headache (53%), difficulty concentrating (50%), less happiness (49%), reluctance to go to school/kindergarten (44%), malaise (42%) impaired learning (38%) and drowsiness or fatigue (37%).Discussion: This world's first registry for recording the effects of wearing masks in children is dedicated to a new research question. The frequency of the registry’s use and the spectrum of symptoms registryed indicate the importance of the topic and call for representative surveys, randomized controlled trials with various masks and a renewed risk-benefit assessment for the vulnerable group of children: adults need to collecticely reflect the circumstances under which they would be willing to take a residual risk upon themselves in favor of enabling children to have a higher quality of life without having to wear a mask.
Metallomic Profile in Non-cirrhotic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Supports a Phenomenon of Metal Metabolism Adaptation in Tumor Cells
Authors: Cano Luis , Bertani Stéphane , Island Marie-Laure , Cerapio Juan Pablo , Ruiz Eloy , Pineau Pascal , Monbet Valérie , Boudjema Karim , Taxa Luis , Casavilca-Zambrano Sandro , Ropert Martine , Turlin Bruno , Loréal Olivier 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Our group has previously described a particular form of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in non-cirrhotic liver (HCC-NC) developed in Peruvian patients Our aim is to analyze the HCC-NC from clinical-biological findings in two different cohorts (Peruvian and French) and the link with metallomic profile. Clinical, histopathological and also tumoral (T) and non-tumoral liver (NTL) samples of 38 Peruvian and 45 French patients were studied. Twelve metals were assayed using ICP/MS: Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Mo, Cd, Pb, and Sn. Possible associations between metals and survival were also evaluated. Overall, results show clearly differences between both cohorts. Mean age were 41 ± 20 and 68 ± 9 years-old for Peruvians and French, respectively. 80% of Peruvian patients were positive for the HBsAg, versus 9% in French patients. Metals concentrations were higher in the NTL of Peruvians (p < 0.05) compared to the French. In both cohort metal concentrations were lower in HCC areas compared to NTL, excepted for Cu for which mean concentration was increased in HCC (p < 0.05). Se concentration in HCC was associated with better survival only in Peruvians. Our data shows, in both HCC-NC cohorts, that the process of hepatic tumorigenesis impact similarity the metallomic profile in tumor.
Usefulness of the Intrarenal Resistivity Index As A Cardiovascular Risk Marker in Afro-Descendants: An Observational, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Souza Francival , Lages Joyce , Magalhaes Eliane , Brito Dyego , Mendes Vinicius , Filho Natalino 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil and worldwide. Stratification of the risk of these diseases in asymptomatic patients using biomarkers can lead to early detection of patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease and promote the prevention of relevant events. The intrarenal resistivity index (IRI) is an imaging test that assesses renal perfusion, systemic hemodynamics, and atherosclerosis. It has been reported that changes in IRI are associated with morbidity and mortality in a population of patients with hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The present study tested a hypothesis that IRI is associated with imaging biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in a population of Afro-descendants. Methods: A total of 313 Afro-descendants with high cardiovascular risk were assessed using kidney ultrasound, Doppler echocardiography, carotid Doppler, and computed tomography to assess the calcium score. The individuals were divided into Group 1 with normal IRI and Group 2 with high IRI. Results: The mean intrarenal resistivity index was 0.61 in group 1 and 0.71 in group 2, and the mean age was 56.9 years, with 53% being female. Group 2 had significantly greater left ventricular mass, larger left atrium, and a higher prevalence of diastolic dysfunction (34.5% vs. 66.7%, p<0.0001). Group 2 also had a significantly higher frequency of carotid plaque (31% vs. 64%, p<0.001) as well as total coronary artery calcium score and higher frequency of high coronary artery calcium score (56.37 vs. 212.03, p<0.0001 and 24% vs. 50%, p<0.001, respectively). The presence of diastolic dysfunction with high left atrial pressure, coronary artery calcium score >0, and carotid plaque was independently associated with the intrarenal resistivity index. Conclusions: The intrarenal resistivity index is associated with imaging biomarkers of cardiovascular risk, mainly with the coronary artery calcium score, diastolic dysfunction, and atherosclerotic carotid plaque in people of African descent, with high cardiovascular risk.
Evaluating ecological risks and tracking potential factors influencing heavy metals in sediments in an urban river
Authors: Liu Dongping , Yu Huibin , Gao Hongjie , Xu Weining 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Heavy metal pollution of aquatic systems is a global issue that has received considerable attention. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) have been applied to heavy metal data to trace potential factors, identify regional differences, and evaluate ecological risks. Sediment cores of 200 cm in length were taken using a drilling platform at 10 sampling sites along the Xihe River, an urban river located in western Shenyang City, China, divided into 10 layers (20 cm each). The concentrations of the As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured for each layer. Eight heavy metals, namely Pb, Zn, Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Hg, were measured for each layer in this study.
Results
The average concentrations of the As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn were significantly higher than their background values in soils in the region, and mainly gathered at 0–120 cm in depth in the upstream, 0–60 cm in the midstream, and 0–20 cm downstream. This indicated that these heavy metals were derived from the upstream areas where a large quantity of effluents from the wastewater treatment plants enter the river. Ni, Pb, and Cr were close or slightly higher than their background values. The decreasing order of the average concentration of the Cd was upstream > midstream > downstream, so were the Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. The trend of the average concentration of the As was different to the Cd; being highest midstream, followed by upstream and then downstream. The potential factors of heavy metal pollution were Cd, Cu, Hg, Zn, and As concentrations, especially Cd and Hg, whose ecological risks were much higher than those of Ni, Cr, and Pb. The ecological risk levels of all heavy metals were much higher upstream than midstream and downstream.
Conclusions
Industrial discharge was the dominate source for eight heavy metals in the surveyed area, and rural domestic sewage has a stronger influence on the Hg pollution than industrial pollutants. These findings indicate that effective management strategies should be developed to protect the environmental quality of urban rivers.