bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between State Intimate Partner Violence-Related Firearm Policies and Injuries Among Women and Men Who Experience Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Willie Tiara C. , Kershaw Trace , Perler Rachel , Caplon Amy , Katague Marina , Sullivan Tami p. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Comprehensive state firearm policies related to intimate partner violence (IPV) may have a significant public health impact on non-lethal IPV-related injuries. Research indicates that more restrictive firearm policies may reduce risk for intimate partner homicide, however it is unclear whether firearm policies prevent or reduce the risk of non-lethal IPV-related injuries. This study sought to examine associations between state-level policies and injuries among U.S. IPV survivors.Methods: Individual-level data were drawn from the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, a nationally-representative study of noninstitutionalized adults. State-level data were drawn from a firearm policy compendium. Multivariable regressions were used to test associations of an IPV firearm policy climate index, as well as individual policies, with non-fatal IPV-related injuries (N=6,565). Results: On average, states had 2 IPV-related firearm policies (range 0 to 6). Overall, IPV-related firearm policy climate was associated with lower odds of experiencing injuries (aOR[95% CI]= .95[.91, .98]). Three specific policies were associated with IPV-related injuries. Individuals who reported IPV and live in states that required firearm surrender of persons convicted of IPV-related misdemeanors (aOR[95% CI]=.78 [.64, .95]), prohibited firearms to persons subject to IPV-related protective orders (aOR[95% CI]=.82[.68, .97]) and convicted of stalking (aOR[95% CI]=.77[.64, .92]) had lower odds of experiencing injuries than individuals living in states without these policies. Conclusions: Restrictive state firearm policies regarding IPV may provide unique opportunities to protect IPV survivors from injuries.
Suan-Zao-Ren Decoction&nbsp;Ameliorate&nbsp;Synaptic Plasticity Through&nbsp;the Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway&nbsp;in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Long Qing-Hua , Wu Yong-Gui , He Li-Ling , Ding Li , Tan Ai-Hua , Shi He-Yuan , Wang Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Suan-Zao-Ren Decoction (SZRD) has been widely used to treat neurological illnesses, like dementia, insomnia, and depression. However, mechanisms underlying SZRD’s improvement in cognitive function remains unclear. In this study, we examined SZRD’s effect on APP/PS1 transgenic mice as well as mechanisms associated with SZRD’s action in alleviating neuroinflammation and improving the synaptic plasticity. Methods: The APP/PS1 mice were treated with different dosages of SZRD (12.96 and 25.92 g/kg/d, in L-SZRD and H-SZRD groups, respectively) for four weeks. Morris water maze was conducted to determine changes in behaviors of the mice after the treatment. Meanwhile, in the samples of the hippocampus, Nissl staining and Golgi-Cox staining were used to detect the synaptic plasticity, Western blot (WB) was employed to test expressions of Aβ1-42, APP, ADAM10, BACE1, PS1, IDE, IBA1, GFAP, PSD95 and SYN, as well as the expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and their phosphorylation patterns to detect involvement of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Besides, we examined the serum contents of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α using ELISA.Results: Compared to the APP/PS1 mice without any treatment, SZRD, especially the L-SZRD, significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment of the APP/PS1 mice with decreases in the loss of neurons and Aβ plaque deposition as well as improvement of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (all P<0.05). Also, SZRD, in particular, the L-SZRD markedly inhibited the serum IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, while reducing the expression of p-JAK2-Tyr1007 and p-STAT3-Tyr705 in the hippocampus of the APP/PS1 mice (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The SZRD, especially the L-SZRD, may improve the cognitive impairment and ameliorate the neural degeneration in APP/PS1 transgenic mice through decreasing Aβ accumulation and inhibiting neuroinflammation via JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
Emerging dominance of summer rainfall in driving High Arctic terrestrial-aquatic connectivity
Authors: Beel Casey , Heslop Joanne , Orwin John , Pope Michael , Schevers Amanda , Hung Jacqueline , Lafreniere Melissa , Lamoureux Scott 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Climate warming-related hydrological transformations are changing material mobilization, composition, and transport pathways along the terrestrial-aquatic continuum. Here, we integrate decade-long hydrometeorological and biogeochemical data from the High Arctic to show that annual fluvial energy is shifting from a skewed (snowmelt-dominated) to a multi-modal (snowmelt- and rainfall-dominated) distribution. This shift enhanced terrestrial-aquatic connectivity for dissolved and particulate material fluxes, but to overcome the watersheds’ buffering capacity for particulate material rainfall events had to increase by an order of magnitude. Permafrost disturbances (< 3 % of the watersheds’ areal extent) reduced watershed-scale DOC export enough to offset concurrent increased DOC export in undisturbed watersheds but play a weaker role in altering C export than the increased magnitude and frequency of late summer rainfall events. However, the disturbances have primed the landscape for accelerated geomorphic change when future rainfall magnitudes and consequent pluvial responses exceed the current buffering capacity of the terrestrial-aquatic continuum.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of BBV152: a whole virion inactivated SARS CoV-2 vaccine in the Syrian hamster model
Authors: Mohandas Sreelekshmy , Yadav Pragya D , Shete Anita , Abraham Priya , Mohan Krishna , Sapkal Gajanan , Mote Chandrashekhar , Nyayanit Dimpal , Gupta Nivedita , Srini V K , Kadam Manoj , Kumar Abhimanyu , Jain Rajlaxmi , Majumdar Triparna , Deshpande Gururaj , Patil Savita , Sarkale Prasad , Patil Deepak , Ella Raches , Prasad Sai D , Sharma Sharda , Ella Krishna M , Panda Samiran , Bhargava Balram 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The availability of a safe and effective vaccine would be the eventual measure to deal with SARS-CoV-2 threat. Here, we have developed and assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152) in hamsters. Three dose vaccination regime with three formulations of BBV152 induced significant titres of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies. The formulation with imidazoquinoline adsorbed on alum adjuvant remarkably generated a quick and robust immune response. Th1 biased immune response was demonstrated by the detection of IgG2 antibodies. Post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccinated hamsters did not show any histopathological changes in the lungs. The protection of the hamsters was evident by the rapid clearance of the virus from lower respiratory tract, reduced virus load in upper respiratory tract, absence of lung pathology and robust humoral immune response. These findings confirm the immunogenic potential of BBV152 and further protection of hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2.
Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) and levels of genetic diversity of complete genome of SARS-CoV-2 virus from of six South American Countries
Authors: Felix Pierre Teodosio , Ramos Robson da Silva , Nascimento Sara da Silva , Silva Willams Felipe Ferreira , Silva Maria Dara Pereira da , Santos Bianca Sarah Ferreira dos , Filho Cícero Batista do Nascimento , Paulino Antônio João , Venâncio Dallynne Bárbara Ramos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Although some Countries in South America have implemented laboratory and patient management protocols for the new coronavirus, the lack of access to basic sanitation and hygiene measures, as well as the lack of drugs and vaccines, has significantly interfered with the epidemiological mechanics of the virus, emphasizing its implications. Therefore, trying to understand the evolutionary aspects of the virus, emerges as another strategy that can help in the most varied measures of prophylaxis. In this work, we evaluated the levels of genetic diversity in 38 complete Genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from six countries in South America, using specific methodologies for paired FST, AMOVA, mismatch, demographic and spatial expansions, molecular diversity and for the time of evolutionary divergence. The analyses showed non-significant evolutionary divergences within and between the six countries, as well as a significant similarity to the time of genetic evolutionary divergence between all populations. Thus, it seems safe to affirm that we will find similar results for the other Countries of South America, reducing speculation about the existence of rapid and silent mutations that, although there are as we have shown in this work, do not increase, until this moment, the genetic variability of the Virus, a fact that would hinder the work with molecular targets for vaccines and drugs in general.
Open Penetrating External Laryngotracheal Injury and Abdominal Trauma by Suicide Attempt Successfully Treated With Immediate Intervention: A Case Report
Authors: Kamidani Ryo , Okada Hideshi , Yoshimura Genki , Kato Rina , Kusuzawa Keigo , Ichihashi Masahiro , Kakino Yoshinori , Oiwa Hideaki , Yasuda Ryu , Kitagawa Yuichiro , Fukuta Tetsuya , Okamoto Haruka , Miyake Takahito , Tachi Masahito , Shiba Masato , Nishihori Takesumi , Kuze Bunya , Yoshida Takahiro , Yoshida Shozo , Ogura Shinji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: An open penetrating external laryngotracheal injury (LTI) is a rare life-threatening injury requiring immediate intervention. Penetrating injuries may cause tissue loss, which makes wound closure difficult sometimes. Here, we report the case of a patient who developed an open penetrating external LTI and abdominal trauma by suicide attempt, which required surgical intervention.Case presentation: A 38-year-old Asian man with depression was found lying on the floor after cutting his neck and abdomen by himself. The emergency services found multiple deep lacerations on his anterior neck and abdomen. He was brought by a helicopter with a physician onboard to a regional trauma center and immediately intubated at the emergency department to secure his airway and prevent airway obstruction. On arrival, his blood pressure was 120/90 mmHg, and his heart rate was 120 beats/min. A pre-shock status was presumed, but other vital signs were normal. Physical examination revealed cut wounds (three lines on the neck and two lines on the abdomen) and no dysphonia. The patient was diagnosed with an open penetrating external LTI, classified as group 5 on the Schaefer classification system and zone Ⅱ on Roon and Christensen’s modification. He was also suspected with a mesenteric injury. We performed an emergency primary laryngotracheal repair and exploratory laparotomy. There was no obvious blood vessel injury, but soft and cartilage tissues were crushed and disconnected completely. On day 8, he underwent wound closure and tracheostomy on the caudal side of the wound. He was successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation on day 9, transferred to the general ward on day 13, decannulated on day 63, and discharged from the hospital thereafter for subacute care.Conclusions: This case was a severe neck injury with complete laryngotracheal separation, but tissue losses due to knife-stabbing were relatively minimal. Wound closure was presumed to occur early during primary repair, even though the purpose of primary repair was originally to secure the airway or manage blood vessel injury. Thus, in the absence of blood vessel injury, wound closure may occur early in patients who developed an open penetrating external LTI by suicide attempt.
Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and a Multilayer Perceptron Model Trained with Grey Wolf Optimizer for Predicting Solar Diffuse Fraction
Authors: Claywell Randall , Nadai Laszlo , Felde Imre , Mosavi Amir 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The accurate prediction of the solar Diffuse Fraction (DF), sometimes called the Diffuse Ratio, is an important topic for solar energy research. In the present study, the current state of Diffuse Irradiance research is discussed and then three robust, Machine Learning (ML) models, are examined using a large dataset (almost 8 years) of hourly readings from Almeria, Spain. The ML models used herein, are a hybrid Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), a single Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and a hybrid Multi-Layer Perceptron-Grey Wolf Optimizer (MLP-GWO). These models were evaluated for their predictive precision, using various Solar and Diffuse Fraction (DF) irradiance data, from Spain. The results were then evaluated using two frequently used evaluation criteria, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results showed that the MLP-GWO model, followed by the ANFIS model, provided a higher performance, in both the training and the testing procedures.
The Coronavirus Disease Pandemic 2019 [COVID-19]: Impact on NHS England PET-CT Scanning&nbsp;
Authors: Wong Wai Lup , Ross Peter , Peters Kevin , Frenz Marion , Hai Tong , Ridgeon Alex , Toop Ralph , Strouhal Peter , Bomanji Jimmy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose To examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PET-CT scanning activity across England. Methods Monthly PET-CT scanning activity was collected from 41/48 NHS England provider sites. Data from 31/41sites was stratified by non-oncology/oncology and cancer type. Lung cancer and lymphoma activity was split into specific indications. The data was compiled in Excel and analysed using Stata software to assess distribution and statistical significance of variation in activity comparing levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results In April and May 2020 a 32% and 31% decrease in activity was observed; a larger decrease for non-cancer compared with cancer PET-CT. In June 2020 PET-CT activity started to recover with 6% fewer scans recorded compared with June 2019. Decrease and recovery varied according to cancer types. Of the six most common indications for PET CT, lung and oesophageal cancer had the largest decrease in activity: lung -29%, -45% and oesophagus -43%, -59% in April and May respectively, and slowest recovery, -23%, -26% respectively in June. By contrast, lymphoma and melanoma showed the smallest decrease: lymphoma -14%, -9%; melanoma -16%, +5% in April and May respectively, and fastest recovery +12% lymphoma +14% respectively. Specifically, lung cancer PET-CTs related to initial diagnosis and staging saw the largest fall and slowest recovery compared with PET-CTs for people with known lung cancer. Conclusions There was considerable variation in the rate of decline and recovery in PET-CT scanning across cancer types and specific indications related to the cancer type. The causes for the variation remain to be explained.
Clinical characteristics of pediatric cases of SARS-CoV-2&nbsp;infection in Hunan, China: A retrospective, multi-center case series
Authors: Wu Lei , Zhang Xiao-Fo , Li Jia , Wei Song-Qing , Yang Yong , Yi Xiu-Ying , Jiang Xin-Ping , Han Hai-Ying , Zhong Zhe-Feng , Cao Xiao-Ying , L Feng-Jun , Zhou Ge , Gong Xiao-Hui , Zha Wen-Ting , Xie He-Bin , Wang Tuan-Mei , Wang Man-Zhi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, treatment and short-term prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in children with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to twelve hospitals in eight cities in Hunan province, China, from January 26, 2020 to June 30, 2020.Results A total of 48 children were enrolled in this study. 11 cases (23%) were asymptomatic, 15 cases (31%) were mild, 20 cases (42%) were moderate, and 2 cases (4%) were severe. No children were critical requiring intensive care. The most common symptom was fever (42%), cough (40%), fatigue (17%) and diarrhea (10%). The total peripheral blood leukocytes count decreased in two case (4%), Lymphocytopenia was present in 5 cases (10%). There were abnormal chest CT changes in 22 children (46%), including 15 (68%) with patchy ground glass opacity. In addition to supportive treatment, 41 children (85%) received antiviral therapy, 11 patients and (23%) were treated with antibiotics, 2 children (4%) were treated with methylprednisolone and IVIG. There was no death occurred.Conclusions Most children with SARS CoV-2 infection in Hunan province were asymptomatic, mild or moderate. Severe cases are rare. Close family contact was the main route of infection. The younger the age, the less obvious symptoms for children might be. Epidemiological history, nucleic acid test and chest imaging were important tools for the diagnosis in children.
Astaxanthin prevents lung injury due to hyperoxia and inflammation
Authors: Akduman Hasan , Tayman Cüneyt , Çakir Ufuk , Çakir Esra , Dilli Dilek , Türkmenoğlu Tuğba Taşkin , Gönel Ataman 
Published: September 2020

Background/aim:
We aimed to ascertain the effects of astaxanthin on the lungs of rat pups with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) induced by hyperoxia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Materials and methods:
Forty-two newborn Wistar rats born to spontaneous pregnant rats were divided into three groups:
Hyperoxia (95% O2) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, hyperoxia + LPS + astaxhantin group and control: no treatment
group (21% O2). Pups in the hyperoxia + LPS + astaxanthin group were given 100 mg/kg/day oral astaxanthin from the first
day to the fifth day. Histopathologic and biochemical evaluations including glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status
(TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), advanced oxidation
protein products (AOPP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total thiol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) and caspase-3 activities were performed.

Results:
A better survival rates and weight gain were demonstrated in the hyperoxia + LPS + astaxanthin group (p <0.001).
In the histopathologic evaluation, the severity of lung damage was significantly reduced in the hyperoxia+LPS+astaxanthin
group, as well as decreased apoptosis (ELİSA for caspase-3) (p <0.001). The biochemical analyses of lung tissues TAS,
GSH, Total thiol levels were significantly higher in the astaxanthin treated group compared to hyperoxia + LPS group (p
<0.05) while TOS, AOPP, LPO, 8-OHdG, MPO levels were significantly lower (p <0.001). In addition, unlike the hyperoxia + LPS group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in lung tissue were significantly lower in the astaxanthin-treated group (p <0.001).

Conclusion:
Astaxanthin was shown to reduce lung damage caused by inflammation and hyperoxia with its antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic properties and to protect the lung from severe destruction.
Development of Peptides that Inhibit Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes and β-Lactamases for Control of Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Costa Bruna O. , Cardoso Marlon H. , Franco Octávio L. 
Published: September 2020

:
Aminoglycosides and β-lactams are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in clinical
practice. This occurs because they are capable of acting in the treatment of acute bacterial infections.
However, the effectiveness of antibiotics has been constantly threatened due to bacterial pathogens
producing resistance enzymes. Among them, the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs)
and β-lactamase enzymes are the most frequently reported resistance mechanisms. AMEs can inactivate
aminoglycosides by adding specific chemical molecules in the compound, whereas β-lactamases
hydrolyze the β-lactams ring, preventing drug-target interaction. Thus, these enzymes provide a scenario
of multidrug-resistance and a significant threat to public health at a global level. In response to
this challenge, in recent decades, several studies have focused on the development of inhibitors that
can restore aminoglycosides and β-lactams activity. In this context, peptides appear as a promising
approach in the field of inhibitors for future antibacterial therapies, as multiresistant bacteria may be
susceptible to these molecules. Therefore, this review focused on the most recent findings related to
peptide-based inhibitors that act on AMEs and β-lactamases, and how these molecules could be used
for future treatment strategies.
Assessing User Retention of a Mobile App: Survival Analysis
Authors: Lin Yu-Hsuan , Chen Si-Yu , Lin Pei-Hsuan , Tai An-Shun , Pan Yuan-Chien , Hsieh Chang-En , Lin Sheng-Hsuan 
Published: September 2020

Background
A mobile app generates passive data, such as GPS data traces, without any direct involvement from the user. These passive data have transformed the manner of traditional assessments that require active participation from the user. Passive data collection is one of the most important core techniques for mobile health development because it may promote user retention, which is a unique characteristic of a software medical device.

Objective
The primary aim of this study was to quantify user retention for the “Staff Hours” app using survival analysis. The secondary aim was to compare user retention between passive data and active data, as well as factors associated with the survival rates of user retention.

Methods
We developed an app called “Staff Hours” to automatically calculate users’ work hours through GPS data (passive data). “Staff Hours” not only continuously collects these passive data but also sends an 11-item mental health survey to users monthly (active data). We applied survival analysis to compare user retention in the collection of passive and active data among 342 office workers from the “Staff Hours” database. We also compared user retention on Android and iOS platforms and examined the moderators of user retention.

Results
A total of 342 volunteers (224 men; mean age 33.8 years, SD 7.0 years) were included in this study. Passive data had higher user retention than active data (P=.011). In addition, user retention for passive data collected via Android devices was higher than that for iOS devices (P=.015). Trainee physicians had higher user retention for the collection of active data than trainees from other occupations, whereas no significant differences between these two groups were observed for the collection of passive data (P=.700).

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrated that passive data collected via Android devices had the best user retention for this app that records GPS-based work hours.