bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute ultraviolet A exposure induces autophagy in RPE cells
Authors: Shi Lei , Wang Aiyuan , Gui Dongmei , Yang Hongwei , Zhao Danxin , Pu Wei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The mechanism for ultraviolet A (UVA) involvement in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unclear. We examined the levels of autophagy-related proteins and ubiquitination of cell proteins after acute UVA exposure and determined whether UVA causes AMD by affecting autophagy in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Methods Western blotting was used to determine the level of Beclin-1, LC3, and p62 in ARPE-19 cells exposed to UVA. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to detect the ubiquitination of proteins in cells. Cell viability was determined with a CGD1 assay. Results UVA irradiation increased the level of LC3 and the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II in ARPE-19 cells within 24 h, inhibition of autophagy by NH4CL reversed the effect of UVA, and suppression of proteasomes by Epoxomicin (EPO) did not enhance the effect of UVA. UVA irradiation did not affect the level of Beclin-1. UVA up-regulated the expression of p62 and the ubiquitination of proteins in cells, especially k63-linked ubiquitination. ARPE-19 cells were lost in a short- time under exposure to UVA. Conclusion UVA induces autophagy in ARPE-19 cells in a short period, and promotes protein degradation through the autophagy pathway. However, acute UVA irradiation leads to cell death. Therefore, while acute UVA irradiation cannot cause protein degeneration by impairing autophagy in RPE cells, it is still a risk factor for AMD occurrence due to its effect on reducing cells.
Bioinformatic gene analysis for potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of kidney calculi-related renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lu Jun , Liu Qunlong , Liu Huan , Xu Yunfei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Kidney calculi (KC) is considered to be a potential cause of renal cell carcinoma（RCC）due to urinary retention, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, and carcinoma of renal pelvis. We searched co-expressed genes in order to explore the relationships between kidney calculi (KC) and renal cell carcinoma（RCC） and reveal potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of kidney calculi-related renal cell carcinoma.KC-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via bioinformatic analysis Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE73680 and GSE117518. Simultaneously, RCC-related DEGs were also identified via bioinformatic analysis GEO datasets GSE14994 and GSE40435. Subsequently, co-DEGs of KC-related RCC were found, and extensive target prediction and network analyses methods were used to assess protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, Gene Ontology (GO) terms and pathway enrichment for DEGs, and co-expressed DEGs coupled with corresponding predicted miRNAs involved in KC and RCC were assessed as well.We identified 832 DEGs in KC and RCC samples. The co-DEGs of VIM，DCN，WNK1 and PXDN coupled with corresponding predicted miRNAs, especially miR-181c-5p and miR-181d-5p may be significantly associated with KC-related RCC. The Co-DEGs of VIM，DCN，WNK1 and PXDN link KC and RCC. Finally, the top 5 miRNAs for each Co-DEGs may be potential signaling pathways for KC-relate RCC, especially miR-181c-5p and miR-181d-5p. Therefore, there is an association between KC and RCC and expression of VIM，DCN，WNK1 and PXDN genes may favor KC-related RCC.
Dual-targeted cationic liposomes modified with hyaluronic acid and folic acid deliver siRNA Bcl-2 in the treatment of cervical cancer
Authors: Tong Yao , Wan Wen-jun , Yang Han , Wang Yu , Wang Dan-dan , Liu Yang , You Beng-gang , Zhang Xue-nong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: Gene therapy has attracted widespread attention as a potential method of treating some autoimmune diseases, genetic diseases and cancer. It is critical to discover a new nanocarrier for the effectiveness of gene therapy. Reportedly, the dual-targed nano-delivery system as a novel strategy could improve targeting efficiency and deliver more drugs or genes to tumor sites over current single-targed nano-delivery delivery system.Methods: We synthesized and characterized the hyaluronic acid (HA)-folic acid (FA) polymer, and then prepared the cationic liposomes by ultrasonic dispersion . The liposome was coated with HA-FA to obtain HA-FA-Lip nanoparticles. HA-FA-Lip formed complexes with siRNA Bcl-2 (siBcl-2) through electrostatic adsorption for delivering siBcl-2 to the tumor site.Results: HA-FA-Lip showed stronger tumor accumulation and better targeting efficiency than HA-lip. Meanwhile, HA-FA-Lip delivered more siBcl-2 to tumor cells and played a role in down-regulating Bcl protein levels, thus inducing obvious apoptosis.Conclusions: As a new type of dual-targeted drug delivery system, HA-FA-Lip was expected to be an effective nanocarrier with high transfection efficiency and good biocompatibility.
Identification of a Three-gene Signature Acting as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Patients
Authors: Tang Zengwei , Hunag Xing , Li Enliang , Shen Yinan , Zhang Qi , Bai Xueli , Liang Tingbo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) patients have poor outcomes due to the lack of biomarkers for the selection of treatment options. The present study was conducted to find biomarkers with independent prognostic vaule in iCCA patients. Methods: Gene transcriptome profiles of E-MTAB-6389, TCGA-CHOL and GSE26566 were obtained from ArrayExpress, The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus databases, respectively. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to screen novel biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of iCCA patients. Using multivariate Cox regression analyses, a 3-gene signature (BTD-FER-COL12A1) with potential prognostic value was identified and validated in both a training cohort and two validation cohorts. Results: A total of 177 iCCA patients were included in this study. From the key gene modules significantly associated with liver cirrhosis and overall survival (OS) of iCCA patients, we identified 89 hub genes for functional analyses. Cox-regression analyses in both the training and validation cohort indicate that FER, COL12A1 and BTD were independent risk factors for iCCA patients. A 3-gene signature (BTD-FER-COL12A1) with independent prognostic value in iCCA patients was validated in the training cohort, as well as in two validation cohorts. In terms of predicting the prognosis of iCCA patients, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves showed that this 3-gene signature had superior prediction power to BTD, FER, and COL12A1 alone, as well as known biomarkers (MUC1, MUC13) of iCCA. Immunohistochemical staining of samples from The Human Protein Atlas showed that FER and COL12A1 were positively expressed in iCCA tissue, although BTD was not, while none of these genes was detected in normal tissue. These findings were consistent with the expression status of BTD, FER and COL12A1 at the transcriptional level. In addition, we found that FER and COL12A1 were significantly associated with the degree of infiltration by tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Conclusion: We discovered a three-gene signature with independent prognostic value as a novel biomarker for prediction prognosis of iCCA patients. Our findings may help to find novel therapeutic targets for precision treatment of iCCA.
The Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Vanadium Nitride Film Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Keleş Ayşenur , Aghdam Hossein Ahmad , Baran Özlem , Efeoğlu İhsan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this work, vanadium nitride (VN) thin films deposited on 52100 steel substrates with magnetron sputtering system using two vanadium targets and Ar/N 2 gas atmosphere at different substrate pulse frequencies. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were used to analyze the microstructure and elemental composition of the films. Adhesion and fatigue properties of films were analyzed a scratch tester. Pin-on-disc tribo-tester was carried out to determine tribological properties. It was observed from the test results that substrate pulse frequency has a significant effect on mechanical and tribological properties of VN films. According to XRD, all films have VN and V 2 N phases. The intensity of V 2 N (211) peak decreased with increasing frequency, whereas VN (111) peak intensity were increased. Also, the film thickness slightly changed depending on the pulse frequency. The best mechanical and tribological properties were found at 200kHz substrate pulse frequency.
Systemic RNA oxidation can be used as an index of clinical infection and prognosis in a Vibrio parahaemolyticus Challenge Rat Model
Authors: Pian Yaya , Nie Jing-Jing , Wang Chen-Chen , Liu Qian , Liu Zhen , Zhang Wei , Zhang Li-qun , Ou-Yang Qiu-geng , Fan Guo-Qing , Zeng Lv-Tao , Gao Zhen-Xiang , Hu Ji-Hong , Cai Jian-Ping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: More and more evidence supports the concept that RNA oxidation plays a substantial role in the progress of multiple diseases; however, only a few studies have reported RNA oxidation caused by microbial pathogens. Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxo-Gsn) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGsn), which are broadly used as indicators of oxidative damage of RNA and DNA, were analyzed in this study to determine which can be used as an index of clinical infection and prognosis in a Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge rat model. In this study, twenty-four speciﬁc-pathogen-free (SPF) male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: an infection group and a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control group. An LC-MS/MS-based system was established to determine the 8-oxo-dGsn and 8-oxo-Gsn contents of urine samples. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to determine the 8-oxoguanine in nuclear DNA and in cellular RNA of different tissues of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stain was used to analyze intestinal inflammation. Sysmex XS-1000i hematology was used to analyze WBCs in blood. Luminex and ELISA were used to detect the level of inflammatory factors in serum. In addition, body temperatures, body weights, bacterial burden of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were also detected. Results: The level of urinary and tissular 8-oxo-Gsn rather than 8-oxo-dGsn was significantly increased after infection with V. parahaemolyticus compared with PBS control. Stimultaneously, intestinal inflammation, the numbers of white blood cells (WBCs) and inflammatory factors (including CRP, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-17A) were increased sharply. What is clinical significance is that the trend of urinary 8-oxo-Gsn was consistent with WBCs or inflammation. It is more important that the concentration of urinary 8-oxo-Gsn in the infection group was positively correlated with WBCs and inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that 8-oxo-Gsn can be used as a more effective biomarker of clinical infection and prognosis compared with classic clinical indicators such as IL-6 and TNF-α.
Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir safety and efficacy for HCV patients with haemodialysis and decompensated cirrhosis: a case series
Authors: Boushi Ebtisam , Kakaje Ameer , Heydar Noha , Almokdad Rasha 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) combination is very effective against HCV. However, it was until recently approved for use in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and on haemodialysis. Furthermore, No much data available for SOF/LDV in compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Aims To assess the effectiveness and side-effects of SOF/LDV in HCV patients with ESRD, on haemodialysis, and have no cirrhosis or have either compensated or decompensated cirrhosis. Methods Data of 21 HCV patients was collected and they were on haemodialysis and had different CTP and were assessed for HCV at end treatment after 12 weeks, and after 12 and 24 weeks of end treatment. Treatment consisted of 90g of SOF/ 400g of LDV once daily. Results The sample contained 16 males and 5 females with mean age of 40.9 years. Three patients had decompensated cirrhosis CTP B, and four chronic hepatitis with minor cirrhotic changes with CTP A. Full follow-up was for only 20 patients and they all had HCV resolved as one patient passed away. Other factors were assessed such as HCV genotypes, but they had the same results with no difference in symptoms development. Conclusion SOF/LDV combination is suggested to be effective even if the patient was on haemodialysis and had compensated, or decompensated cirrhosis without the need of dose adjustment or increase duration with no major complications in patients with HCV 1a, 1b, 4, and 5.
Erweitertes Digital-Twin-Konzept unter Berücksichtigung des Entwicklers
Authors: Hick Hannes , Bajzek Matthias , Kranabitl Philipp , Faustmann Clemens 
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung
Der Erstellung eines Digital Masters im Zuge einer Produktentwicklung liegen viele Entscheidungen zugrunde. In Hinblick auf die Erstellung eines Digital Twins, welcher als Abbild einer realen Produktinstanz angesehen wird, und in weiterer Folge auf dessen Anwendung spielen diese Entscheidungen eine essentielle Rolle. Der daraus resultierende Einfluss eines Entwicklers auf den Digital Master und Digital Twin wird in diesem Beitrag aufgegriffen und am Beispiel einer Fahrzeugbatterie erläutert.
Variación e cambio lingüístico no galego-portugués (s. XIII - s. XIV): os clítico me/mi e lle/lhi e outras formas en <-e> final
Authors: Monteagudo Henrique 
Published: April 2020

Na presente achega analízase a variación -i / -e en final de palabra no marco da evolución do sistema lingüístico galego-portugués durante o período 1250-1350. Chámase a atención sobre un trazo diferencial entre portugués e galego que non ten recibido atención: o mantemento no primeiro do [i] final de palabra átono do latín como [i] nunha serie de vocábulos que en galego rematan en [e]. Colócase o foco sobre os clíticos de dativo, me (P1), te – che (P2), lle(s) (P3-P6) e xe (P3-P6ref) nos textos galegos, que nos portugueses alternan con mi, ti, lhi(s) e xi respectivamente. A variación entre me e mi, cos correspondentes alomorfos {m} e {mi̯}, é obxecto de especial atención. Igualmente, repárase nas desinencias da P1 do pretérito perfecto dos verbos con perfecto forte e mais da P2 do pretérito de todos os verbos: nos textos galegos as formas acaban en -e (dixe, amaste – amasche), mentres que nos portugueses adoitan rematar en -i (dixi, amasti). Con base nunha ampla mostra de textos de distinto tipo, en prosa e verso, literarios e documentais, analízase a distribución diatópica, a evolución diacrónica e a cronoloxía destes fenómenos de variación, que desembocaron na xeneralización das formas en -e.
Surface Iron Species in Palladium–Iron Intermetallic Nanocrystals that Promote and Stabilize CO2 Methanation
Authors: Luo Laihao , Wang Menglin , Cui Yi , Chen Ziyuan , Wu Jiaxin , Cao Yulu , Luo Jie , Dai Yizhou , Li Wei‐Xue , Bao Jun , Zeng Jie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is of pivotal importance to develop efficient catalysts and investigate the intrinsic mechanism for CO2 methanation. Now, it is reported that PdFe intermetallic nanocrystals afforded high activity and stability for CO2 methanation. The mass activity of fct‐PdFe nanocrystals reached 5.3 mmol g−1 h−1, under 1 bar (CO2:H2=1:4) at 180 °C, being 6.6, 1.6, 3.3, and 5.3 times as high as that of fcc‐PdFe nanocrystals, Ru/C, Ni/C, and Pd/C, respectively. After 20 rounds of successive reaction, 98 % of the original activity was retained for PdFe intermetallic nanocrystals. Further mechanistic studies revealed that PdFe intermetallic nanocrystals enabled the maintenance of metallic Fe species via a reversible oxidation–reduction process in CO2 methanation. The metallic Fe in PdFe intermetallic nanocrystals induced the direct conversion of CO2 into CO* as the intermediate, contributing to the enhanced activity.
Voraussage absoluter Geschwindigkeitskonstanten von Huisgen‐ Reaktionen ungesättigter Iminium‐Ionen mit Diazoalkanen
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Chen Quan , Mayer Robert J. , Yang Jin‐Dong , Ofial Armin R. , Cheng Jin‐Pei , Mayr Herbert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKinetik und Stereochemie der Reaktionen von aus Zimtaldehyden und MacMillans Imidazolidinonen erzeugten Iminiumionen mit Diphenyldiazomethan und Aryldiazomethanen wurden experimentell und mit Hilfe von DFT‐Rechnungen untersucht. Die Reaktionen von Diphenyldiazomethan mit von MacMillans Katalysatoren der 2. Generation abgeleiteten Iminium‐Ionen ergaben 3‐Aryl‐2,2‐diphenylcyclopropancarbaldehyde in >90 % Ausbeute und Enantiomerenverhältnissen ≥90:10. Überwiegend 2:1‐Produkte erhielt man bei den entsprechenden Reaktionen mit Monoaryldiazomethanen. Die gemessenen Geschwindigkeitskonstanten stehen in Einklang mit den aus den Einzentren‐Nucleophilie‐Parametern N und sN der Diazomethane und den Einzentren‐Elektrophilie‐Parametern E der Iminium‐Ionen berechneten Geschwindigkeitskonstanten sowie mit quantenchemisch berechneten Aktivierungsenergien.
Catalytic Synthesis of 8‐Membered Ring Compounds via Cobalt(III)‐Carbene Radicals
Authors: Zhou Minghui , Lankelma Marianne , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar , de Bruin Bas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe metalloradical activation of o‐aryl aldehydes with tosylhydrazide and a cobalt(II) porphyrin catalyst produces cobalt(III)‐carbene radical intermediates, providing a new and powerful strategy for the synthesis of medium‐sized ring structures. Herein we make use of the intrinsic radical‐type reactivity of cobalt(III)‐carbene radical intermediates in the [CoII(TPP)]‐catalyzed (TPP=tetraphenylporphyrin) synthesis of two types of 8‐membered ring compounds; novel dibenzocyclooctenes and unprecedented monobenzocyclooctadienes. The method was successfully applied to afford a variety of 8‐membered ring compounds in good yields and with excellent substituent tolerance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental results suggest that the reactions proceed via hydrogen atom transfer from the bis‐allylic/benzallylic C−H bond to the carbene radical, followed by two divergent processes for ring‐closure to the two different types of 8‐membered ring products. While the dibenzocyclooctenes are most likely formed by dissociation of o‐quinodimethanes (o‐QDMs) which undergo a non‐catalyzed 8π‐cyclization, DFT calculations suggest that ring‐closure to the monobenzocyclooctadienes involves a radical‐rebound step in the coordination sphere of cobalt. The latter mechanism implies that unprecedented enantioselective ring‐closure reactions to chiral monobenzocyclooctadienes should be possible, as was confirmed for reactions mediated by a chiral cobalt‐porphyrin catalyst.
Graphdiyne: Bridging SnO2and Perovskite in Planar Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Suicai , Si Haonan , Fan Wenqiang , Shi Mingyue , Li Minghua , Xu Chenzhe , Zhang Zheng , Liao Qingliang , Sattar Abdul , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Yue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe matching of charge transport layer and photoactive layer is critical in solar energy conversion devices, especially for planar perovskite solar cells based on the SnO2electron‐transfer layer (ETL) owing to its unmatched photogenerated electron and hole extraction rates. Graphdiyne (GDY) with multi‐roles has been incorporated to maximize the matching between SnO2and perovskite regarding electron extraction rate optimization and interface engineering towards both perovskite crystallization process and subsequent photovoltaic service duration. The GDY doped SnO2layer has fourfold improved electron mobility due to freshly formed C−O σ bond and more facilitated band alignment. The enhanced hydrophobicity inhibits heterogeneous perovskite nucleation, contributing to a high‐quality film with diminished grain boundaries and lower defect density. Also, the interfacial passivation of Pb−I anti‐site defects has been demonstrated via GDY introduction.
USDA Source Water Protection Funding: Successes and Opportunities
Authors: Murphy John D. , Carpenter Adam T. 
Published: April 2020

Key TakeawaysSource water protection (SWP) programs funded in the 2018 Farm Bill require highly motivated partners for implementation in priority watersheds.Three categories of past and current SWP projects are discussed: conservation partnership projects, conservation programs for farmers and ranchers, and forestry programs.There are several examples of utilities and US Department of Agriculture partnering to implement SWP programs.
Metabolic engineering of E. coli for improving mevalonate production to promote NADPH regeneration and enhance acetyl‐CoA supply
Authors: Satowa Daichi , Fujiwara Ryosuke , Uchio Shogo , Nakano Mariko , Otomo Chisako , Hirata Yuuki , Matsumoto Takuya , Noda Shuhei , Tanaka Tsutomu , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicrobial production of mevalonate from renewable feedstock is a promising and sustainable approach for the production of value‐added chemicals. We describe the metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to enhance mevalonate production from glucose and cellobiose. First, the mevalonate‐producing pathway was introduced into E. coli and the expression of the gene atoB, which encodes the gene for acetoacetyl‐CoA synthetase, was increased. Then, the deletion of the pgi gene, which encodes phosphoglucose isomerase, increased the NADPH/NADP+ ratio in the cells but did not improve mevalonate production. Alternatively, to reduce flux toward the tricarboxylic acid cycle, gltA, which encodes citrate synthetase, was disrupted. The resultant strain, MGΔgltA‐MV, increased levels of intracellular acetyl‐CoA up to sevenfold higher than the wild‐type strain. This strain produced 8.0 g/L of mevalonate from 20 g/L of glucose. We also engineered the sugar supply by displaying β‐glucosidase (BGL) on the cell surface. When cellobiose was used as carbon source, the strain lacking gnd displaying BGL efficiently consumed cellobiose and produced mevalonate at 5.7 g/L. The yield of mevalonate was 0.25 g/g glucose (1 g of cellobiose corresponds to 1.1 g of glucose). These results demonstrate the feasibility of producing mevalonate from cellobiose or cellooligosaccharides using an engineered E. coli strain.
Direct High‐Throughput Screening Assay for mRNA Cap Guanine‐N7 Methyltransferase Activity
Authors: Kasprzyk Renata , Fido Mateusz , Mamot Adam , Wanat Przemyslaw , Smietanski Miroslaw , Kopcial Michal , Cowling Victoria H. , Kowalska Joanna , Jemielity Jacek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn eukaryotes, mature mRNA is formed through modifications of precursor mRNA, one of which is 5’ cap biosynthesis, involving RNA cap guanine‐N7 methyltransferase (N7‐MTase). N7‐MTases are also encoded by some eukaryotic viruses and facilitate their replication. N7‐MTase inhibitors have therapeutic potential, but their discovery is difficult because long RNA substrates are usually required for activity. Herein, we report a universal N7‐MTase activity assay based on small‐molecule fluorescent probes. We synthesized 12 fluorescent substrate analogues (GpppA and GpppG derivatives) varying in the dye type, dye attachment site, and linker length. GpppA labeled with pyrene at the 3’‐O position of adenosine acted as an artificial substrate with the properties of a turn‐off probe for all three tested N7‐MTases (human, parasite, and viral). Using this compound, a N7‐MTase inhibitor assay adaptable to high‐throughput screening was developed and used to screen synthetic substrate analogues and a commercial library. Several inhibitors with nanomolar activities were identified.