bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement equivalence of the Kessler 6 Psychological Distress Scale for Chinese and Korean immigrants: Comparison between younger and older adults
Authors: Shon En‐Jung 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe Kessler 6 (K6) Psychological Distress Scale is a well‐known instrument to screen for psychological distress of general populations. It is critical to perform the equivalence test of the K6 for Asian immigrant subgroups.MethodsThe 2012 California Health Interview Survey data were used (N = 1,210; Chinese = 640, Koreans = 570). Among 1,210, 734 were younger (18–64 years) and 476 were older (65+) adults. It was examined whether parameters in the measurement model is equivalent across the two groups, using multiple‐group analysis. The equivalence tests for Chinese and Koreans were separately performed based on different age groups (younger [18–64] vs. older [65+]).ResultsThe younger group had good model fit (X2 = 41.27 [df = 16, p = .001], X2/df = 2.58, Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.99, Goodness of Fit Index [GFI] = 0.98, root mean square error or approximation [RMSEA] = 0.05, standardized root mean residual [SRMR] = 0.03), and the older group also showed good model fit (X2 = 41.70 [df = 16, p < .001], X2/df = 2.61, CFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.04). The model for older group indicated measurement noninvariance between Chinese and Korean immigrants (ΔX2 = 17.86, Δdf = 5, p = .003, CFI = 0.972, ΔCFI = 0.009). The items “hopeless,” “restless,” and “depress,” were significantly nonequivalent between the two groups.ConclusionsClinicians/researchers should be aware of the potential risk for misclassification when they screen psychological distress of Chinese or Korean older immigrants. Professionals should pay attention to cross‐cultural comparability when interpreting results from the K6.
Hospitalized children's experience of a Fairy Garden in Northern Thailand
Authors: van der Riet Pamela , Jitsacorn Chaweewan , Thursby Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo explore through draw, observation and talk hospitalized children's experience of a Fairy Garden in Northern Thailand.DesignA participatory visual arts method of draw, observations and talk along with Clandinin's narrative inquiry framework of three‐dimensional space (sociality, temporality and place).MethodsThis study was conducted in a paediatric ward in a large tertiary hospital in Northern Thailand over 12 months (July 2017–2018). A purposive sample of 17 hospitalized children aged between 4 and 13 years participated in drawings and face‐to‐face interviews. The study adhered to the COREQ checklist for qualitative research (see Supplementary File S1).ResultsThe analysis resulted in five interrelated threads: (1) representations of the illness experience; (2) imagination and fantasy; (3) connection to place, family and home; (4) moments of social representations of play; and (5) happiness and enjoyment.
Application of the Random Encounter Model in citizen science projects to monitor animal densities
Authors: Schaus Jessica , Uzal Antonio , Gentle Louise K. , Baker Philip J. , Bearman‐Brown Lucy , Bullion Simone , Gazzard Abigail , Lockwood Hannah , North Alexandra , Reader Tom , Scott Dawn M. , Sutherland Christopher S. , Yarnell Richard W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAbundance and density are vital metrics for assessing a species’ conservation status and for developing effective management strategies. Remote‐sensing cameras are being used increasingly as part of citizen science projects to monitor wildlife, but current methodologies to monitor densities pose challenges when animals are not individually recognizable. We investigated the use of camera traps and the Random Encounter Model (REM) for estimating the density of West European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) within a citizen science framework. We evaluated the use of a simplified version of theREMin terms of the parameters’ estimation (averaged vs. survey‐specific) and assessed its potential application as part of a large‐scale, long‐term citizen science project. We compared averagedREMestimates to those obtained via spatial capture–recapture (SCR) using data from nocturnal spotlight surveys. There was a high degree of concordance inREM‐derived density estimates from averaged parameters versus those derived from survey‐specific parameters. AveragedREMdensity estimates were also comparable to those produced bySCRat eight out of nine sites; hedgehog density was 7.5 times higher in urban (32.3 km−2) versus rural (4.3 km2) sites. Power analyses indicated that the averagedREMapproach would be able to detect a 25% change in hedgehog density in both habitats with >90% power. Furthermore, despite the high start‐up costs associated with theREMmethod, it would be cost‐effective in the long term. The averagedREMapproach is a promising solution to the challenge of large‐scale and long‐term species monitoring. We suggest including theREMas part of a citizen science monitoring project, where participants collect data and researchers verify and implement the required analysis.
Environmental Hazard Potential of Nano‐Photocatalysts Determined by Nano‐Bio Interactions and Exposure Conditions
Authors: He Yuan , Peng Guotao , Jiang Yue , Zhao Mei , Wang Xiaoxiao , Chen Mengmeng , Lin Sijie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNano‐photocatalysts are known for their ability to degrade pollutants or perform water splitting catalyzed by light. Being the key functional ingredients of current and future products, the potential of nano‐photocatalysts releasing into the environment and causing unintended harm to living organisms warrants investigation. Risk assessment of these materials serves as an important step to allow safe implementation and to avoid irrational fear. Using TiO2 and g‐C3N4 as representative nano‐photocatalysts, this study evaluates their hazard potential in zebrafish. Under simulated solar light, nano‐photocatalysts up to 100 mg L−1 show no acute toxicity to zebrafish embryos due to the protection of chorions. The short‐lived reactive oxygen species generated by nano‐photocatalysts only exert injury to the hatched larvae at and above 50 mg L−1. The input of solar energy, determined by the depth of water, irradiation time, and light intensity, greatly influences the toxicity outcome. Increasing concentrations of natural organic matters contribute positively to the hazard potential at 0–10 mg L−1 while gradually diminishing the hazardous effect above 10 mg L−1. This study demonstrates the importance of nano‐bio interactions and environmental exposure conditions in determining the safety profile of nano‐photocatalysts.
Computational studies of DNA repair: Insights into the function of monofunctional DNA glycosylases in the base excision repair pathway
Authors: Kaur Rajwinder , Nikkel Dylan J. , Wetmore Stacey D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe information contained within DNA as a sequence of nucleobases is required for life of most organisms, yet can get altered when the nucleobases are damaged upon exposure to many internal (hormones) and external (ultraviolet sunlight, pollutants) sources. As a result, repair pathways exist to combat the potentially detrimental effects of DNA damage. Nonbulky nucleobase damage (nucleobase oxidation, alkylation and deamination) is commonly removed by the base excision repair (BER) pathway, which involves several enzymes. The first BER enzymes are the DNA glycosylases, which are responsible for identifying the damaged base, flipping the base into the enzyme active site and removing the damaged nucleobase from the sugar–phosphate backbone. Due to the stability of many forms of damaged DNA, the DNA glycosylases must achieve great catalytic power. Understanding the mechanistic details associated with DNA glycosylases is essential for developing detection and treatment strategies for many diseases as abnormal glycosylase function has been associated with cancers, metabolic dysfunctions, neurodegeneration and epigenetic programming during embryo development. Molecular level insight into the function of a wide range of DNA glycosylases has been obtained from computational chemistry, including quantum mechanical cluster calculations, combined quantum mechanics‐molecular mechanics approaches and molecular dynamics simulations. By discussing some of the modeling that has been performed to date on monofunctional DNA glycosylases, the key contributions of the field of computational chemistry to broadening our understanding of the function of this important enzyme family, as well as the critical interplay between traditional biochemical experiments and computer calculations, is highlighted.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Electronic Structure Theory > Combined QM/MM Methods
Interference effects in dilepton resonance searches for Z′ bosons and dark matter mediators
Authors: Kahlhoefer Felix , Mück Alexander , Schulte Stefan , Tunney Patrick 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
New Z′ gauge bosons arise in many extensions of the Standard Model and predict resonances in the dilepton invariant mass spectrum. Searches for such resonances therefore provide important constraints on many models of new physics, but the resulting bounds are often calculated without interference effects. In this work we show that the effect of interference is significant and cannot be neglected whenever the Z′ width is large (for example because of an invisible contribution). To illustrate this point, we implement and validate the most recent 139 fb−1 dilepton search from ATLAS and obtain exclusion limits on general Z′ models as well as on simplified dark matter models with spin-1 mediators. We find that interference can substantially strengthen the bound on the Z′ couplings and push exclusion limits for dark matter simplified models to higher values of the Z′ mass. Together with this study we release the open-source code ZPEED, which provides fast likelihoods and exclusion bounds for general Z′ models.
Studies of insulin and proinsulin in pancreas and serum support the existence of aetiopathological endotypes of type 1 diabetes associated with age at diagnosis
Authors:   TIGI study team, Leete Pia , Oram Richard A. , McDonald Timothy J. , Shields Beverley M. , Ziller Clemens , Hattersley Andrew T. , Richardson Sarah J. , Morgan Noel G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
It is unclear whether type 1 diabetes is a single disease or if endotypes exist. Our aim was to use a unique collection of pancreas samples recovered soon after disease onset to resolve this issue.

Methods
Immunohistological analysis was used to determine the distribution of proinsulin and insulin in the islets of pancreas samples recovered soon after type 1 diabetes onset (<2 years) from young people diagnosed at age <7 years, 7–12 years and ≥13 years. The patterns were correlated with the insulitis profiles in the inflamed islets of the same groups of individuals. C-peptide levels and the proinsulin:C-peptide ratio were measured in the circulation of a cohort of living patients with longer duration of disease but who were diagnosed in these same age ranges.

Results
Distinct patterns of proinsulin localisation were seen in the islets of people with recent-onset type 1 diabetes, which differed markedly between children diagnosed at <7 years and those diagnosed at ≥13 years. Proinsulin processing was aberrant in most residual insulin-containing islets of the younger group but this was much less evident in the group ≥13 years (p < 0.0001). Among all individuals (including children in the middle [7–12 years] range) aberrant proinsulin processing correlated with the assigned immune cell profiles defined by analysis of the lymphocyte composition of islet infiltrates. C-peptide levels were much lower in individuals diagnosed at <7 years than in those diagnosed at ≥13 years (median <3 pmol/l, IQR <3 to <3 vs 34.5 pmol/l, IQR <3–151; p < 0.0001), while the median proinsulin:C-peptide ratio was increased in those with age of onset <7 years compared with people diagnosed aged ≥13 years (0.18, IQR 0.10–0.31) vs 0.01, IQR 0.009–0.10 pmol/l; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions/interpretation
Among those with type 1 diabetes diagnosed under the age of 30 years, there are histologically distinct endotypes that correlate with age at diagnosis. Recognition of such differences should inform the design of future immunotherapeutic interventions designed to arrest disease progression.
On the Gamma Convergence of Functionals Defined Over Pairs of Measures and Energy-Measures
Authors: Caroccia Marco , Cristoferi Riccardo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel general framework for the study of$$\Gamma $$Γ-convergence of functionals defined over pairs of measures and energy-measures is introduced. This theory allows us to identify the$$\Gamma $$Γ-limit of these kind of functionals by knowing the$$ \Gamma $$Γ-limit of the underlying energies. In particular, the interaction between the functionals and the underlying energies results, in the case these latter converge to a non-continuous energy, in an additional effect in the relaxation process. This study was motivated by a question in the context of epitaxial growth evolution with adatoms. Interesting cases of application of the general theory are also presented.
Prominent entrapment of respiratory epithelium in primary and metastatic intrapulmonary non-epithelial neoplasms: a frequent morphological pattern closely mimicking adenofibroma and other biphasic pulmonary lesions
Authors: Erber Ramona , Haller Florian , Hartmann Arndt , Agaimy Abbas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs one of the most common target organs for hematogenous spread from diverse cancers, biopsy interpretation of lung tumors is complicated by the challenging question of primary versus metastatic and by frequent entrapment of native respiratory glands. Nevertheless, the literature dealing with this issue is surprisingly sparse and no single study has been devoted to this topic. We reviewed 47 surgical lung specimens of non-epithelial neoplasms (38 metastases, mainly from sarcomas and 9 primary lesions) for frequency and pattern of intralesional epithelial entrapment. Respiratory epithelium entrapment was noted in 23/47 (49%) cases (diffuse in 15 and peripheral in 8). Entrapped glands frequently showed prominent regenerative and reactive changes mimicking neoplastic glands. Based on cellularity of the mesenchymal component and the extent, distribution and shape of entrapped respiratory glands, four morphological patterns were recognized: paucicellular sclerosing low-grade neoplasms containing leaflet-like glands indistinguishable from adenofibroma and fibroepithelial hamartomas (n = 11), and biphasic cellular lesions mimicking adenomyoepithelioma (n = 1), biphasic synovial sarcoma (n = 2), and pleuropulmonary blastoma (n = 1). Only a single genuine pulmonary adenofibroma was identified. This study highlights frequent respiratory epithelium entrapment in diverse non-epithelial lung tumors, both primary and metastatic. Recognition of this finding and use of adjunct IHC combined with clinical history should help to avoid misinterpretation as primary pulmonary biphasic neoplasm or as harmless adenofibroma. The vast majority of morphologically defined lung adenofibromas represent adenofibroma-like variants of histogenetically diverse entities so that a diagnosis of adenofibroma should be rendered only very restrictively and then as a diagnosis by exclusion.
Delineation of phenotypes and genotypes related to cohesin structural protein RAD21
Authors: Krab Lianne C. , Marcos-Alcalde Iñigo , Assaf Melissa , Balasubramanian Meena , Andersen Janne Bayer , Bisgaard Anne-Marie , Fitzpatrick David R. , Gudmundsson Sanna , Huisman Sylvia A. , Kalayci Tugba , Maas Saskia M. , Martinez Francisco , McKee Shane , Menke Leonie A. , Mulder Paul A. , Murch Oliver D. , Parker Michael , Pie Juan , Ramos Feliciano J. , Rieubland Claudine , Rosenfeld Mokry Jill A. , Scarano Emanuela , Shinawi Marwan , Gómez-Puertas Paulino , Tümer Zeynep , Hennekam Raoul C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRAD21encodes a key component of the cohesin complex, and variants inRAD21have been associated with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). Limited information on phenotypes attributable toRAD21variants and genotype–phenotype relationships is currently published. We gathered a series of 49 individuals from 33 families withRAD21alterations [24 different intragenic sequence variants (2 recurrent), 7 unique microdeletions], including 24 hitherto unpublished cases. We evaluated consequences of 12 intragenic variants by protein modelling and molecular dynamic studies. Full clinical information was available for 29 individuals. Their phenotype is an attenuated CdLS phenotype compared to that caused by variants inNIPBLorSMC1Afor facial morphology, limb anomalies, and especially for cognition and behavior. In the 20 individuals with limited clinical information, additional phenotypes include Mungan syndrome (in patients with biallelic variants) and holoprosencephaly, with or without CdLS characteristics. We describe several additional cases with phenotypes including sclerocornea, in which involvement of theRAD21variant is uncertain. Variants were frequently familial, and genotype–phenotype analyses demonstrated striking interfamilial and intrafamilial variability. Careful phenotyping is essential in interpreting consequences ofRAD21variants, and protein modeling and dynamics can be helpful in determining pathogenicity. The current study should be helpful when counseling families with aRAD21variation.
Vorkommen von Vanadium im Grundwasser der Vulkaneifel
Authors: Härter Linda M. , Kersten Michael , Riße Andreas , Poppe Rudolf , Wieber Georg 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Quellwasserproben rund um den Ringseitert-Vulkankomplex südöstlich der Gemeinde Kirchweiler (Westeifel) wurden weit über dem Geringfügigkeitsschwellenwert erhöhte Vanadiumkonzentrationen mit einem Maximalwert von 28 μg/l nachgewiesen. Generell zeigten die im Bereich der Känozoischen Vulkanite entnommenen Wasserproben erheblich höhere Konzentrationen als die im umliegenden Paläozoikum. Lokale Vulkanitproben weisen bis zu vierfach über dem Krustenmittel erhöhte Gesamtgehalte an Vanadium auf. Elutionsuntersuchungen ergaben eine erhöhte Vanadiumfreisetzung. Zur weiteren mikroanalytischen Suche nach der geogenen Quelle für diese Anomalie wurden Dünnschliffe der Gesteinsproben hergestellt und mittels Elektronenmikrosonde analysiert. Die Elementverteilungsbilder zeigten nicht die erwartete Korrelation zwischen den Elementen Fe und V, wohl jedoch eine Korrelation zwischen P und V. Hotspot-Analysen von V‑reichen Mineralkörnern weisen auf das Mineral Fluorapatit mit bis zu 5 Gew.-% Vanadat als Substitution für das Phosphat als geogene Vanadiumquelle in den Vulkaniten hin. Eine hydrogeochemische Modellierung mit PhreePlot zeigt übereinstimmend, dass die Wasserproben mit erhöhten Vanadiumkonzentrationen alle im pe/pH-Prädominanzfeld der Vanadat(V)-Komplexe liegen.
IoT meets BPM: a bidirectional communication architecture for IoT-aware process execution
Authors: Schönig Stefan , Ackermann Lars , Jablonski Stefan , Ermer Andreas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBusiness processes are frequently executed within application systems that involve humans, computer systems as well as objects of the Internet of Things (IoT). Nevertheless, the usage of IoT technology for system supported process execution is still constrained by the absence of a common system architecture that manages the communication between both worlds. In this paper, we introduce an integrated approach for IoT-aware business process execution that exploits IoT for BPM by providing IoT data in a process-compatible way, providing an IoT data provenance framework, considering IoT data for interaction in a pre-defined process model, and providing wearable user interfaces with context-specific IoT data provision. The approach has been implemented on top of contemporary BPM modeling concepts and system technology. The introduced technique has evaluated extensively in different use cases in industry.
Connecting software build with maintaining consistency between models: towards sound, optimal, and flexible building from megamodels
Authors: Stevens Perdita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSoftware build systems tackle the problem of building software from sources in a way which is sound (when a build completes successfully, the relations between the generated and source files are as specified) and optimal (only genuinely required rebuilding steps are done). In this paper, we explain and exploit the connection between software build and the megamodel consistency problem. The model-driven development of systems involves multiple models, metamodels and transformations. Transformations—which may be bidirectional—specify, and provide means to enforce, desired “consistency” relationships between models. We can describe the whole configuration using a megamodel. As development proceeds, and various models are modified, we need to be able to restore consistency in the megamodel, so that the consequences of decisions first recorded in one model are appropriately reflected in the others. At the same time, we need to minimise the amount of recomputation needed; in particular, we would like to avoid reapplying a transformation when no relevant changes have occurred in the models it relates. The megamodel consistency problem requires flexibility beyond what is found in conventional software build, because different results are obtained depending on which models are allowed to be modified and on the order and direction of transformation application. In this paper, we propose using an orientation model to make important choices explicit. We show how to extend the formalised build system pluto to provide a means of restoring consistency in a megamodel, that is, in appropriate senses, flexible, sound and optimal.
A concise review of microfluidic particle manipulation methods
Authors: Zhang Shuaizhong , Wang Ye , Onck Patrick , den Toonder Jaap 
Published: March 2020

AbstractParticle manipulation is often required in many applications such as bioanalysis, disease diagnostics, drug delivery and self-cleaning surfaces. The fast progress in micro- and nano-engineering has contributed to the rapid development of a variety of technologies to manipulate particles including more established methods based on microfluidics, as well as recently proposed innovative methods that still are in the initial phases of development, based on self-driven microbots and artificial cilia. Here, we review these techniques with respect to their operation principles and main applications. We summarize the shortcomings and give perspectives on the future development of particle manipulation techniques. Rather than offering an in-depth, detailed, and complete account of all the methods, this review aims to provide a broad but concise overview that helps to understand the overall progress and current status of the diverse particle manipulation methods. The two novel developments, self-driven microbots and artificial cilia-based manipulation, are highlighted in more detail.