bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connectivity at a cost: Economic dynamics of restoring habitat connectivity
Authors: Akpalu Wisdom , Stage Jesper 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBoth in the United States and in Europe there is ongoing work on reversing habitat fragmentation and the attendant loss in biodiversity in river systems caused by hydropower and other developments. Fish ladders and other measures are being introduced to restore the connectivity in river systems. In this paper, we set up a theoretical model to investigate what the conditions are for such an investment to be socially profitable. We find that, even in cases where it would have been socially preferable not to build hydropower installations in the first place, connectivity‐restoring measures affecting the installations are not necessarily socially beneficial. This is the case for a wide range of plausible assumptions about discount rates, investment costs and productivity losses.Recommendations for Resource Managers:

Even in situations where it would have been socially preferable not to build hydropower plants in a river, carrying out measures now to reconnect different parts of the river and re‐establish ecological connectivity may not be socially desirable.
Any economic analysis of the value of re‐establishing ecological connectivity needs to consider the time lags involved until the river ecology is restored.
Reducing the time lags by actively resettling species does not necessarily improve the overall social profitability of reconnecting the different parts of the river.
A rare case of hypoplastic coronary sinus partially draining into right superior vena cava: A case report
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Kumar Viveka , Arora Vanita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe hypoplastic coronary sinus (CS) is a rare anomaly of the cardiac venous system, wherein some of the tributaries fail to join the CS. These tributaries usually drain into atrial chambers through dilated thebesian channels. We report the first case where the tributaries are draining into the right superior vena cava (SVC).Case summaryA case of ischemic cardiomyopathy with severe LV systolic dysfunction with NYHA class III symptoms was taken for CRTD implantation. CS venogram after direct cannulation from left subclavian access revealed a hypoplastic CS. The part of CS beyond the attachment of the oblique vein of the left atrium to CS (distal to the posterolateral vein) formed a common channel and was draining into the right‐sided SVC. The posterolateral vein was of sufficient caliber so that an left ventricle (LV) lead could be implanted, and the CRTD procedure could be completed.DiscussionHypoplastic CS though has no pathological significance in the normal population but for CRT it can become a significant limitation. Tributaries of CS draining into right SVC are the rarest of the finding, the channel draining most likely is a remnant of the splanchnic plexus around the embryonic foregut that usually has a temporary communication with cardinal veins during intrauterine growth. This communication somehow has persisted and resulted in a channel between coronary vein and the SVC, which may be referred to as coronary veno‐cardinal vein.
A fully assembled plastid‐encoded RNA polymerase complex detected in etioplasts and proplastids in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ji Yan , Lehotai Nóra , Zan Yanjun , Dubreuil Carole , Díaz Manuel Guinea , Strand Åsa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe plastid‐encoded genes of higher plants are transcribed by at least two types of RNA polymerases, the nuclear‐encoded RNA polymerase (NEP) and the plastid‐encoded RNA polymerase (PEP). In mature photosynthesizing leaves, the vast majority of the genes are transcribed by PEP. However, the regulatory mechanisms controlling plastid transcription during early light response is unclear. Chloroplast development is suggested to be associated with a shift in the usage of the primary RNA polymerase from NEP to PEP as the expression of the plastid‐encoded photosynthesis genes is induced upon light exposure. Assembly of the PEP complex has been suggested as a rate‐limiting step for full activation of plastid‐encoded photosynthesis gene expression. However, two sigma factor mutants, sig2 and sig6, with reduced PEP activity, showed significantly lower expression of the plastid‐encoded photosynthesis genes already in the dark and during the first hours of light exposure indicating that PEP activity is required for basal expression of plastid‐encoded photosynthesis genes in the dark and during early light response. Furthermore, in etioplasts and proplastids a fully assembled PEP complex was revealed on Blue Native PAGE. Our results indicate that a full assembly of the PEP complex is possible in the dark and that PEP drives basal transcriptional activity of plastid‐encoded photosynthesis genes in the dark. Assembly of the complex is most likely not a rate‐limiting step for full activation of plastid‐encoded photosynthesis gene expression which is rather achieved either by the abundance of the PEP complex or by some posttranslational regulation of the individual PEP components.
Nonparametric volatility change detection
Authors: Mohr Maria , Neumeyer Natalie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider a nonparametric heteroscedastic time series regression model and suggest testing procedures to detect changes in the conditional variance function. The tests are based on a sequential marked empirical process and thus combine classical CUSUM tests from change point analysis with marked empirical process approaches known from goodness‐of‐fit testing. The tests are consistent against general alternatives of a change in the conditional variance function, a feature that classical CUSUM tests are lacking. We derive a simple limiting distribution and in the case of univariate covariates even obtain asymptotically distribution‐free tests. We demonstrate the good performance of the tests in a simulation study and consider exchange rates as a real data application.
Body flexibility and incident hypertension: The Niigata wellness study
Authors: Gando Yuko , Sawada Susumu S. , Momma Haruki , Kawakami Ryoko , Miyachi Motohiko , Lee I‐Min , Blair Steven N. , Tashiro Minoru , Horikawa Chika , Matsubayashi Yasuhiro , Yamada Takaho , Fujihara Kazuya , Kato Kiminori , Sone Hirohito 
Published: November 2020

A high level of physical fitness, especially cardiorespiratory fitness, is associated with lower incidence of hypertension. However, the relationship between flexibility, which is a component of physical fitness, and the incidence of hypertension is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between flexibility and the incidence of hypertension in a cohort study. A total of 22,972 (14,805 men and 8167 women; median age 49 years) normotensive participants were included in this study. Between April 2001 and March 2002, flexibility (standing forward bending) was measured using a standing trunk flexion meter. The participants were divided into quartiles of flexibility by sex and age group. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg, or a self‐reported history of previously diagnosed hypertension or current medication for hypertension at a health examination between April 2002 and March 2008. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the incidence of hypertension were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, exercise habits, smoking status, and drinking status. During 102,948 person years of follow‐up (median 5.6 years), 4235 participants developed hypertension. Compared with the lowest flexibility (quartile 1), hazard ratios and 95% CI were 0.96 (0.88 − 1.04) for quartile 2, 0.94 (0.86 − 1.03) for quartile 3, and 0.83 (0.76 − 0.91) for quartile 4. A high level of flexibility was associated with lower incidence of hypertension, independent of other confounding factors.
Impact of exercise training and supplemental oxygen on submaximal exercise performance in patients with COPD
Authors: Neunhäuserer Daniel , Reich Bernhard , Mayr Barbara , Kaiser Bernhard , Lamprecht Bernd , Niederseer David , Ermolao Andrea , Studnicka Michael , Niebauer Josef 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFunctional impairment caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) impacts on activities of daily living and quality of life. Indeed, patients’ submaximal exercise capacity is of crucial importance. It was the aim of this study to investigate the effects of an exercise training intervention with and without supplemental oxygen on submaximal exercise performance. This is a secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled, double‐blind, crossover trial. 29 COPD patients (63.5 ± 5.9 years; FEV1 46.4 ± 8.6%) completed two consecutive 6‐week periods of high‐intensity interval cycling and strength training, which was performed three times/week with either supplemental oxygen or medical air (10 L/min). Submaximal exercise capacity as well as the cardiocirculatory, ventilatory, and metabolic response were evaluated at isotime (point of termination in the shortest cardiopulmonary exercise test), at physical work capacity at 110 bpm of heart rate (PWC 110), at the anaerobic threshold (AT), and at the lactate‐2 mmol/L threshold. After 12 weeks of exercise training, patients improved in exercise tolerance, shown by decreased cardiocirculatory (heart rate, blood pressure) and metabolic (respiratory exchange ratio, lactate) effort at isotime; ventilatory response was not affected. Submaximal exercise capacity was improved at PWC 110, AT and the lactate‐2 mmol/L threshold, respectively. Although supplemental oxygen seems to affect patients’ work rate at AT and the lactate‐2 mmol/L threshold, no other significant effects were found. The improved submaximal exercise capacity and tolerance might counteract patients’ functional impairment. Although cardiovascular and metabolic training adaptations were shown, ventilatory efficiency remained essentially unchanged. The impact of supplemental oxygen seems less important on submaximal training effects.
Policing counter‐protest
Authors: Wood Lesley 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the Trump era, when clashes between right wing protesters and left counter protesters escalate, police disproportionately repress left wing activists. Explanations that rest solely on the conservative politics and culture of the police, or the ideological targeting of the left neglect the ways political systems, identities and organizations shape interactions between police and protesters. This study draws on the research on social movements, counter‐protest and protest policing in order to explain the patterns of policing of counter‐protest.
Asset Limits in Public Assistance and Savings Behavior Among Low‐Income Families
Authors: Hamilton Leah 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesLow‐income families receiving public benefits in the United States are often subject to asset limits for eligibility, which some argue to be counterproductive to their long‐term economic stability. Previous research suggests that families were more likely to save when asset limits increased after welfare reform in 1996. The current study builds upon this work for the years before and after the Great Recession.MethodsThis study utilized data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Assets and bank account ownership of low‐income female‐headed households were compared to multiple control groups for the years 2003–2013 using a difference‐in‐difference analytical approach.ResultsResults suggest that wealth is associated with race and income, but not with asset limit policies. Bank account ownership was similarly unaffected by Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) policy.ConclusionsIt is likely that TANF policies are only one of the many barriers to asset accumulation faced by low‐income families, especially in a period of recession.
Unexpected cryptic species diversity of parasites of the family Xenidae (Strepsiptera) with a constant diversification rate over time
Authors: Benda Daniel , Votýpková Kateřina , Nakase Yuta , Straka Jakub 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParasitism is one of the most successful and ancient strategies. Due to the specialized lifestyle of parasites, they are usually affected by reductions and changes in their body plan in comparison with nonparasitic sister groups. Extreme environmental conditions may impose restraints on behavioural or physiological adaptations to a specific host and limit morphological changes associated with speciation. Such morphological homogeneity has led to the diversity of parasites being underestimated in morphological studies. By contrast, the species concept has dramatically changed in many parasitic groups during recent decades of study using DNA sequence data. Here we tested the phenomenon of cryptic species diversity in the twisted‐wing parasite family Xenidae (Strepsiptera) using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data for a broad sample of Xenidae. We used three quantitative methods of species delimitation from the molecular phylogenetic data – one distance‐based (ABGD) and two tree‐based (GMYC, bPTP). We found 77–96 putative species in our data and suggested the number of Xenidae species to be more diverse than expected. We identified 67 hosts to species level and almost half of them were not previously known as hosts of Xenidae. The mean number of host species per putative species varied between 1.39 and 1.55. The constant rate in net diversification can be explained by the flexibility of this parasitic group, represented by their ability to colonize new host lineages combined with passive long‐range dispersal by hosts.
From a source of real data to a brief news report: Introducing first‐year preservice teachers to the basic cycle of learning from data
Authors: Ubilla Francisca M. , Gorgorió Núria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStatistical data is used in the media and on online platforms, often with an interpretation that serves some commercial or political purpose. Primary preservice teachers must be able to understand statistical data and analyze it critically. Only in this way will they be able to contribute as future teachers to the development of a critical spirit in the community. We present the process of construction on a teacher‐training program of an activity for first‐year students (aged 19) based on data published by Eurostat. The activity, structured around the basic cycle of learning from data, provided real data on different topics in the form of tables, graphs and infographics, and its final goal required students to generate a brief news report based on what they had learned from the data. Finally, we note that this activity can be used at various levels, from secondary education to the introductory tertiary.
Regional variations of context‐based association rules in OpenStreetMap
Authors: Ludwig Christina , Fendrich Sascha , Zipf Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs a user‐generated map of the whole world, OpenStreetMap (OSM) provides valuable information about the natural and built environment. However, the spatial heterogeneity of the data due to cultural differences and the spatially varying mapping process makes the extraction of reliable information difficult. This study investigates the variability of association rules extracted from OSM across different geographic regions and depending on different context variables, such as the number of OSM mappers. The focus of this study is the spatial co‐occurrence of OSM tags mapped inside of parks within eight different cities. Without considering any context variable, most association rules were very region‐specific without any rule being valid across all cities. Limiting the association rule analysis to parks based on specific context variables increased the number of rules which are applicable across multiple cities. Furthermore, additional region‐specific association rules emerged. The most important context variables were found to be the number of features mapped inside the park, the number of tags and the park size. These results suggest that the mapping process has a significant influence on the emergence of association rules within user‐generated data. Therefore, this subject needs further investigation to enable effective usage of OSM data across different cultural realms.
Disagreement and Conflict: How Moral and Taste Judgements DoNotDiffer
Authors: Pietroiusti Giulio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEriksson thinks that moral disagreements are intuitively faulty whereas disagreements about taste are intuitively faultless. He attempts to account for this difference by arguing, first, that moral judgements and taste judgements differ with regard to the presence of a disposition to challenge conflicting judgements and, second, that the intuition that a judgement is mistaken consists in the disposition to challenge it. In this article, I focus on the reasons given to support the first claim and argue that they are not sufficient. First, I assess the thesis that a taste judgement is only contingently connected with a disposition to challenge conflicting judgements. Second, I focus on the claim that a moral judgement is in part a disposition to challenge conflicting judgements. In both cases, I argue that the reasons given fail to disclose any substantial difference between the two domains.
In vitro iatrogenic hemolysis of canine packed red blood cells during various rapid transfusion techniques
Authors: Weeks Jessica M. , Motsinger‐Reif Alison A. , Reems Miryam M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate which rapid blood administration technique causes the least iatrogenic hemolysis in canine packed red blood cells (pRBCs) as determined by plasma free hemoglobin (fHb) and percent hemolysis (% hemolysis).DesignProspective in vitro randomized study.SettingPrivate referral center.AnimalsNone.InterventionsThirteen units of canine pRBCs were divided equally into 5 aliquots, resulting in 65 trials. The aliquots of each unit were subjected to the following administration techniques: gravity‐driven (control), an infusion pump at maximal rate, application of a pressure bag, manual compression, and syringe bolus. Plasma fHb and % hemolysis were recorded before and after each trial. Rate of administration (mL/s) was calculated for each method.Measurements and main resultsCompared to the control, there were no significant increases in % hemolysis or plasma fHb noted among any of the trial methods. The manual compression and syringe bolus methods resulted in the fastest transfusion rates, whereas the infusion pump was not faster than the gravity‐driven method. Despite a storage time of ≤14 days, 15% of pRBC units had unsuitable (>0.8%) hemolysis before even being subjected to the trials.ConclusionsCommonly used rapid infusion techniques in small animal transfusion medicine do not cause significant iatrogenic hemolysis of canine pRBCs in vitro, although a significant risk is present in stored blood. This suggests that if an expedited transfusion is needed, any method described in this study could be considered, although stored pRBCs should be tested for unsuitable levels of hemolysis prior to transfusion.
Barriers and facilitators to oral health care utilization in culturally and linguistically diverse mothers: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Marcus Kanchan , Balasubramanian Madhan , Short Stephanie , Sohn Woosung 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of the review is to synthesize existing literature examining the barriers and facilitators to preventive oral health care utilization experienced by culturally and linguistically diverse mothers.

Introduction:
Preventive oral health care in the absence of pain is underutilized in culturally and linguistically diverse groups. Culturally and linguistically diverse mothers experience oral health care utilization barriers compared to their host country counterparts. Much of the current evidence is focused on oral health care knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of culturally and linguistically diverse groups. To date, it remains unclear as to which barriers or facilitators impact preventive oral health care utilization in culturally and linguistically diverse mothers.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that explore oral health care utilization in culturally and linguistically diverse mothers (with children younger than 18 years) who are either born in a different country or who have one parent born in a country that differs culturally and/or linguistically to the host population. Papers that explore barriers and facilitators to oral health care utilization will be included. Quantitative and qualitative studies will be included.

Methods:
A three-step search strategy will be conducted within the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ProQuest Central, and Scopus. The search will be supplemented with gray literature and reference searching from collected articles. No date limitation will be applied. Two reviewers will assess papers against the inclusion criteria. A convergent integrated approach using the JBI mixed methods methodology will be followed for critical appraisal, data extraction, and data synthesis and integration.
Couple- or family-oriented interventions and outcomes for preventing mental health problems and promoting mental health: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kim Suk-Sun , Kim Daeun , Gil Minji , Lim Boram , Gagne Jennie C. De 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to map the literature describing couple- and family-oriented interventions and outcomes to prevent mental health problems and promote mental health.

Introduction:
Literature involving couple- and family-focused mental health interventions has gained increased attention over the past two decades, yet little is known about the efficacy of these interventions for promoting mental health and preventing mental disorders. Despite recognition that the most sustainable method for reducing the increasing burden of mental disorders is primary prevention, there has been no systematic investigation of relevant couple- and family-focused interventions.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider studies that include couples or multiple family members who have participated in couple- and family-focused interventions aimed at primary prevention of mental disorders and promotion of mental health. This study will include experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational study designs, as well as qualitative studies. Conference abstracts, posters, editorials, commentaries, and opinion papers will be excluded.

Methods:
Multiple databases will be searched, including PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO (via EBSCO), Web of Science, Scopus, and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS). Trial registers and gray literature will also be searched. Two independent reviewers will screen the abstract/title of retrieved citations using inclusion and exclusion criteria. After screening titles and abstracts of identified citations, relevant studies will be retrieved in full. Using a data extraction instrument developed specifically for this review, eligible studies will be extracted and presented in diagrammatic or tabular form, accompanied by a narrative summary.