bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superb microvascular imaging technique in depicting vascularity in focal liver lesions: more hypervascular supply patterns were depicted in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhao Jing , Liu Chunwei , Mao Yiran , Mu Jie , Wei Xi , Jia Jinyan , Zhang Sheng , Xin Xiaojie , Tan Jian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the capacity of Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) to detect microvascular details and to explore the different SMI features in various focal liver lesions (FLLs) and the correlation between SMI and microvessel density (MVD).
Method: Eighty-three liver lesions were enrolled in our study, including 35 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and 48 non-HCCs. All patients underwent color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and SMI examination and were categorized into subgroups according to Adler semiquantitative grading (grade 0–3) or the microvascular morphologic patterns (pattern a-f). The correlation between SMI blood flow signal percentage and MVD was assessed.

Results
Compared with CDFI, SMI detected more high-level blood flow signals (grade 2–3) and more hypervascular supply patterns (pattern e-f) in HCCs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, more hypervascular supply patterns and fewer hypovascular supply patterns were detected in HCC compared with non-HCC (p < 0.05). Based on Adler’s grading or microvascular morphologic patterns, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.696 and 0.760 for SMI, 0.583 and 0.563 for CDFI. The modality of “SMI-microvascular morphologic pattern” showed the best diagnostic performance. There was significant correlation between MVD and the SMI blood flow signal percentage (vascular index, VI) in malignant lesions (r = 0.675, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
SMI was superior to CDFI in detecting microvascular blood flow signals. More hypervascular supply patterns were depicted in HCC than in non-HCC, suggesting a promising diagnostic value for SMI in the differentiation between HCC and non-HCC. Meanwhile, we were the first to demonstrate that SMI blood flow signal percentage (VI) was correlated with MVD in malignant lesions.
Determinants of non-adherence to inhaled steroids in adult asthmatic patients on follow up in referral hospital, Ethiopia: cross-sectional study
Authors: Kebede Bezie , Mamo Girma 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Asthma is one of the major non-communicable diseases worldwide. The prevalence of asthma has continuously increased over the last five decades, resulting in 235 million people suffering from it. One of the main challenges in asthma control is adherence to pharmaceutical treatment (4) and leads to poor outcome and increases the economic and clinical burden. Non-adherence could be intentional or non-intentional.

Objective
To identify the determinants of inhaled steroid adherence among adult asthmatic patients.

Setting
The study was done in Jimma university medical center (JUMC) from March–August 22/2018.

Method
Cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Patient assessment was conducted (patient demography, inhalation technique, adherence, and asthma control status). Independent predictors of outcome identified and strength of association between dependent and independent variables determined by using binary logistic regression and statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Before computing binary logistic regression analysis, the presence of colinearity between independent factor and model fitness was checked.

Results
One hundred forty patients were included in the analysis. Substantial number of patients 53(37.9, 95%CI: 30–45) were non-adherent. Patient experience of previous adverse drug reaction (p = 0.011), educational status (p = 0.02), patient knowledge status (p = 0.028), previous education (p = 0.0001) and co-morbidity (p = 0.031) were significantly associated with adherence.

Conclusions
The rate of non-adherence to inhalational anti-asthmatics is high and different factors contributed. The health care provider should try to counsel patients about the effect of non-adherence on asthma control. Reassurance concerning adverse drug reactions should be an integral part of patient counseling.
Assessing the endocrine disrupting potentials and genotoxicity in environmental samples from Taiwanese rivers
Authors: Chou Pei-Hsin , Chen Chien-Hsun , Chen Kuang-Yu , Ko Fung-Chi , Tsai Tsung-Ya , Yeh Yi-Po 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Surface waters receive a variety of organic pollutants via wastewater discharge, and sediment represents a sink for hydrophobic contaminants. In this study, we used in vitro yeast-based reporter gene assays and a Bacillus subtilis Rec-assay to examine the occurrence of endocrine disrupting activities and genotoxic potentials in samples collected from three Taiwanese rivers. Levels of 51 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in muscles of fish captured from same rivers were also analyzed to assess in vivo pollution of PAHs.

Results
Antagonist activities for androgen receptor and retinoid X receptor (RXR) were detected in river water extracts at environmentally relevant concentrations., and sediment extracts exhibited RXR agonist, RXR antagonist, and genotoxic potentials concurrently. Σ16 PAHs in fish muscles ranged from 44.9–242.4 ng g− 1 dry weight, representing 38 to 59% of the total 51 PAHs concentrations, and methylated PAHs of low molecular weight PAHs were often detected as well.

Conclusion
Taiwanese river sediment samples concomitantly exhibited RXR disrupting potentials and genotoxic activities, whereas RXR agonist and antagonist activities were simultaneously detected in several dry-season sediment extracts. PAH levels in fish muscles were categorized as minimally polluted by aromatic compounds, nonetheless, the presence of methylated PAHs in muscles samples may be of concern owing to the higher toxic potentials than their parent compounds.
Signalling, sorting and scaffolding adaptors for Toll-like receptors
Authors: Luo Lin , Lucas Richard M. , Liu Liping , Stow Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are danger-sensing receptors that typically propagate self-limiting inflammatory responses, but can unleash uncontrolled inflammation in non-homeostatic or disease settings. Activation of TLRs by pathogen- and/or host-derived stimuli triggers a range of signalling and transcriptional pathways to programme inflammatory and anti-microbial responses, including the production of a suite of inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Multiple sorting and signalling adaptors are recruited to receptor complexes on the plasma membrane or endosomes where they act as scaffolds for downstream signalling kinases and effectors at these sites. So far, seven proximal TLR adaptors have been identified: MyD88, MAL, TRIF (also known as TICAM1), TRAM (TICAM2), SARM (SARM1), BCAP (PIK3AP1) and SCIMP. Most adaptors tether directly to TLRs through homotypic Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain (TIR)–TIR interactions, whereas SCIMP binds to TLRs through an atypical TIR–non-TIR interaction. In this Review, we highlight the key roles for these adaptors in TLR signalling, scaffolding and receptor sorting and discuss how the adaptors thereby direct the differential outcomes of TLR-mediated responses. We further summarise TLR adaptor regulation and function, and make note of human diseases that might be associated with mutations in these adaptors.
The Adolescent Knee Pain (AK-Pain) prognostic tool: protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Andreucci Alessandro , Holden Sinead , Bach Jensen Martin , Skovdal Rathleff Michael 
Published: December 2019

Background: One in three children and adolescents experience knee pain. Approximately one in two adolescents with knee pain will continue to experience pain even five years later and have low quality of life. The general practitioner (GP) is the first point of contact for children and adolescents with knee pain in Denmark. There is a variety of treatments being delivered in general practice, despite similar symptoms and patients’ characteristics. This suggests a need to support the GPs in identifying those at high risk of a poor outcome early on, in order to better allocate resources. The aim of this study is to develop a user-friendly prognostic tool to support GPs’ management of children and adolescents’ knee pain. Methods: A preliminary set of items in the prognostic tool were identified using systematic reviews and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Following feedback from GPs and children and adolescents on the content and understanding, the tool was piloted and implemented in general practice. A cohort of approximately 300 children and adolescents (age 8-19 years old) is being recruited from general practices (recruitment period, July 2019 – June 2020). Clinically meaningful risk groups (e.g. low/medium/high) for the recurrence/persistence of knee pain (at 3 and 6 months) will be identified. Discussion: If successful, this prognostic tool will allow GPs to gain insights into the likely prognosis of adolescents with knee pain and subsequently provide the first building blocks towards stratified care, where treatments will be matched to the patients’ prognostic profile. This has the potential to improve the recovery of children and adolescents from knee pain, to improve the allocation of resources in primary care, and to avoid the decline in physical activity and potential associated health and social consequences due to adolescent knee pain. Registration: Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 24 June 2019 (ID NCT03995771).
Images of the child in preschool music education: Case studies in Australia and China
Authors: Tao Xiangyi , Ewing Robyn 
Published: December 2019

This article explores images of young children in preschool music curricula in an Australian and a Chinese preschool. The ‘images of the child’ relevant to each country are presented by including children’s voices, teachers’ perceptions of children’s personalities and their ways of learning, and children’s roles in learning as designated in official documents on early childhood education. Framed by a sociocultural perspective, this qualitative case study responds to the changing contexts of early childhood music education (ECME) in both countries. Crystallization as a methodological lens is applied to shed light on the variations and complexities from the teachers’ and the children’s perspectives. Data-gathering methods include document analysis, classroom observations, teachers’ interviews and conversations with children. This article particularly reflects the images and experiences of the children through their own lenses and enriches the scope of current ECME research.
The main findings suggest the existence of both alignment and gaps, in varying degrees, between the official policy documents, the teachers’ perceptions, and the children’s understandings of their musical experiences. First, images of the child in the policy articles are interpreted differently in Australia and China, and there is a marked difference between the countries in their definitions of child-centred learning in specific contexts. Finally, implications and directions for future research are suggested to facilitate children’s musical exploration in preschools.
Ditadura militar brasileira: a educação como instrumento de poder / Brazilian Military dictatorship: The Education as an instrument of Power
Authors: Medeiros Gabriel Saldanha Lula de 
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem como finalidade investigar a respeito do uso da educação como um instrumento político de controle e legitimação de poder durante a ditadura militar brasileira a partir de 1964. A metodologia consiste em uma pesquisa bibliográfica realizada no Google utilizando palavras relacionadas a cada um dos assuntos a serem abordados, além de três livros físicos. Houve o cuidado em não coletar textos que pudessem fazer apologia ao regime autoritário. Após o levantamento bibliográfico de textos produzidos por historiadores, será realizada uma discussão a fim de elucidar a questão, baseando-se na corroboração entre os dados trazidos pelos autores consultados. Conclui-se, por fim, que o regime militar utilizou a educação como instrumento político através da implementação de novas disciplinas cívicas e ufanistas, do controle da produção do material didático, da criação de licenciaturas curtas desprovidas de conhecimento científico aprofundado e do esvaziamento do conteúdo crítico das disciplinas de humanidades. Palavras-chaves: Ditadura militar; Educação; Estudos Sociais; Moral e Cívica; Abstract: This article aims to investigate about the use of education as a political instrument of control and legitimization of power during the Brazilian military dictatorship from 1964. The methodology consists of a bibliographic search on Google using words related to each subject. addressed, as well as a physical book. Care was taken not to collect texts that could make an apology to the authoritarian regime. After the bibliographic survey of texts produced by historians, a discussion will be held in order to elucidate the issue, based on the corroboration between the data brought by the authors consulted. Finally, it is concluded that the military regime used education as a political instrument through the implementation of new civic and ufanist disciplines, the control of the production of didactic material, the creation of short degrees without deep scientific knowledge and the emptying of content. critic of the humanities disciplines. Keywords: Military dictatorship; Education; Social Studies; Moral and Civism.
Relação Escola e Familia: Expectativa de Uma Educação de Sucesso / School and Family Relationship: Expectation of Successful Education
Authors: Oliveira Stefânia Da Silva , Silva João Felix Da , Bento Maria Das Graças 
Published: December 2019

A parceria entre família e escola é um dos principais elementos para o sucesso da educação. É comum acreditar que cada um deve cumprir seu papel separadamente. No entanto, os pais e a instituição de ensino devem estar em constante sintonia, tendo como objetivo final o pleno desenvolvimento infantil. Diferentes motivos levam a essa separação. Os pais deixam de se envolver no ambiente escolar e nas atividades e estratégias pedagógicas que envolvem a sua participação. Por outro lado, a família não sente que as suas demandas são acolhidas pelos gestores escolares. Uma das formas para reverter esse cenário é compreender que a educação não é responsabilidade restrita da escola, assim como não está confinada aos muros da instituição. A sociedade como um todo, a escola, a família e outros ambientes estão envolvidos no desenvolvimento humano. Também é importante que a família permita ao aluno resolver questões relacionadas a socialização com outros colegas no ambiente escolar, sem interferir de maneira direta. Já a escola deve possuir uma gestão democrática, capaz de incentivar a participação constante dos pais no ambiente escolar. Essa relação deve ir além dos encontros para discussão de questões burocrática, como reclamações, boletins, reuniões, etc. É importante estar à disposição em horários mais acessíveis e demonstrar que a escola está aberta para o diálogo e novas sugestões. Tanto escola quanto família exercem papéis diferentes na construção de conhecimento e formação de uma pessoa. É preciso entender que cada parte está afetando diretamente a formação da criança. O que acontece, em muitos casos, é o desentendimento de qual o papel de cada um no processo de formação da criança, deixando o aluno à margem desse impasse. Entretanto, o objetivo é o contrário: a melhoria da relação entre escola e família objetiva o desenvolvimento do aluno. É a família que ajuda a criança a se descobrir como indivíduo e fazer com que ela interaja com o meio, absorvendo o que for benéfico e importante. Ela pode colaborar com o processo de desenvolvimento do saber e com o desenvolvimento de hábitos para a socialização e comportamento do aluno. Cabe a família incentivar o estudo, a leitura e a construção de conhecimentos diversos e aplicados ao dia a dia, a escola deve também construir relacionamento com a família, demarcando a importância da participação ativa.
Análisis ontosemiótico de un problema que promueve la puesta en funcionamiento del razonamiento conjetural
Authors: Gallo Sonia , Etchegaray Silvia Catalina , Markiewicz María Elena 
Published: December 2019

Este trabajo se enmarca en una investigación en Didáctica de la Matemática, cuyo objetivo general es el análisis de los procesos argumentativos para elaborar y contrastar conjeturas en la clase de matemática de 4to. año de la escuela secundaria. Para llevar a cabo nuestro objetivo seleccionamos una serie de situaciones–problemas que promueven el funcionamiento del razonamiento conjetural en los alumnos y realizamos un análisis a priori de las mismas que se constituyó en un significado de referencia pretendido para el análisis posterior de los significados personales de los alumnos al enfrentarse a este tipo de situaciones. Una de estas situaciones y sus respectivos análisis se presentarán en este trabajo.Como marco teórico–didáctico para llevar a cabo esta investigación hemos tomado herramientas del Enfoque Onto–semiótico del Conocimiento y la Instrucción matemáticos (EOS), así como también algunas investigaciones que abordan cuestiones específicas y transversales acerca del razonamiento conjetural.Los análisis realizados ponen de manifiesto la complejidad ontosemiótica de este mega proceso de producción de conjeturas, la dependencia de este proceso respecto de la diversidad de objetos y de procesos cognitivos involucrados, así como también los conflictos semióticos potenciales y efectivos, todo lo cual brinda herramientas para reflexionar sobre algunas pautas para mejorar el grado de idoneidad epistémica, cognitiva e instruccional de la situación planteada y analizada.
Examining teachers’ opinions on social Justice leadership
Authors: Koçak Seval , Özdemir Murat 
Published: December 2019

Social justice leadership is a leadership approach that focuses on utilizing educational opportunities of disadvantaged students equally with others. The purpose of this research is to examine school principals' social justice leadership behaviors according to teacher's views. It was designed in terms of qualitative research method. The data were collected through focus group interviews with six teachers and individual interviews with 16 teachers. Semi-structured interview form was used for interviews. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The themes were built on the dimensions of social justice leadership: supporting disadvantaged students, inclusion and critical consciousness. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the school principals concentrate more on the dimension of supporting disadvantaged students and the behaviors displayed in the other two dimensions are limited. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Sosyal adalet liderliği, dezavantajlı öğrencilerin eğitim olanaklarından diğerleri ile eşit düzeyde yararlanmalarına odaklanan bir liderlik yaklaşımıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul müdürlerinin sosyal adalet liderliği davranışlarını öğretmen görüşlerine göre incelemektir. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemine göre desenlenmiştir. Veriler altı öğretmenle gerçekleştirilmiş olan odak grup görüşmesi ve 16 öğretmenle yapılmış olan birebir görüşmelerle toplanmıştır. Görüşmelerde yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler betimsel analiz ile çözümlenmiştir. Temalar sosyal adalet liderliğinin, dezavantajlı öğrencilerin desteklenmesi, kapsama/kaynaştırma ve eleştirel bilinç boyutları çerçevesinde oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular ışığında okul müdürlerinin, dezavantajlı öğrencilerin desteklenmesi boyutuna görece daha fazla yoğunlaştıkları, diğer iki boyutta sergilenen davranışların sınırlı olduğu genel sonucuna ulaşılmıştır
An appraisal of characteristic mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welding for Aluminium 6061 alloy – Silicon Carbide (SiCp) metal matrix composite
Authors: Sabry Ibrahim , El-Kassas A. M. 
Published: December 2019

It is expected that the demand for Metal Matrix Composite (MMCs) will increase in these applications in the aerospace and automotive industries sectors, strengthened AMC has different advantages over monolithic aluminium alloy as it has characteristics between matrix metal and reinforcement particles. However, adequate joining technique, which is important for structural materials, has not been established for (MMCs) yet. Conventional fusion welding is difficult because of the irregular redistribution or reinforcement particles. Also, the reaction between reinforcement particles and aluminium matrix as weld defects such as porosity in the fusion zone make fusion welding more difficult. The aim of this work was to show friction stir welding (FSW) feasibility for entering Al 6061/5 to Al 6061/18 wt. % SiCp composites has been produced by using stir casting technique. SiCp is added as reinforcement in to Aluminium alloy (Al 6061) for preparing metal matrix composite. This method is less expensive and very effective. Different rotational speeds,1000 and 1800 rpm and traverse speed 10 mm \ min was examined. Specimen composite plates having thick 10 mm were FS welded successfully. A high-speed steel (HSS) cylindrical instrument with conical pin form was used for FSW. The outcome revealed that the ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint (Al 6061/18 wt. %) was 195 MPa at rotation speed 1800 rpm, the outcome revealed that the ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint (Al 6061/18 wt.%) was 165 MPa at rotation speed 1000 rpm, that was very near to the composite matrix as-cast strength. The research of microstructure showed the reason for increased joint strength and microhardness. The microstructural study showed the reason (4 %) for higher joint strength and microhardness. due to Significant of SiCp close to the boundary of the dynamically recrystallized and thermo mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) was observed through rotation speed 1800 rpm. The friction stir welded ultimate tensile strength Decreases as the volume fraction increases of SiCp (18 wt.%).
Tiempo de espera para atención médica urgente en un hospital terciario después de implementar un programa de mejora de procesos
Authors: Taype-Huamaní Waldo , Chucas-Asencio Luis , De La Cruz-Rojas Lucila , Amado-Tineo Jose 
Published: December 2019

Introducción. El hacinamiento en servicios de emergencia de hospitales terciarios hace colapsar sus procesos y prolonga tiempos de espera. Objetivo. Evaluar el tiempo de espera de pacientes con problemas médicos urgentes, en un servicio de emergencia después de implementar un programa de mejora de procesos con facilitadores. Métodos. Estudio observacional. Se incluyeron a pacientes mayores de 14 años con problemas médicos de prioridad III según escala de Manchester, entre las 6 y 23 horas del día. El equipo de facilitadores estuvo contituído por técnicos administrativos capacitados (dos por turno de 8 horas diarias) que aceleraban los procesos diagnósticos y terapéuticos de los pacientes atendidos ambulatoriamente. Se midió tiempo de espera para primera atención y total de permanencia en emergencia. Resultados. Se evaluaron 36 mil atenciones de prioridad III, siendo mayores en el cuarto trimestre, los días lunes, entre 7 y 11 am. La mediana de tiempo de espera para primera atención fue de 35 minutos, mientras que la mediana de tiempo de permanencia en emergencia fue 2,9 horas; siendo mayor cuando se solicita interconsulta a otra especialidad (5 horas). El 90% de atenciones tuvieron permanencia total en emergencia menor a cinco horas. Conclusión. El tiempo de espera para atención en emergencia en pacientes de prioridad III, después de la implementación de un programa de mejora de procesos con facilitadores, fue similar a estándares internacionales.