bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of Meis1, a transcriptional regulator, in mice and worms: Neurochemical and behavioral characterizations with implications in the restless legs syndrome
Authors: Lyu Shangru , Xing Hong , Liu Yuning , Girdhar Pallavi , Zhang Keer , Yokoi Fumiaki , Xiao Rui , Li Yuqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRestless legs syndrome is a sleep‐related sensorimotor neurological disease affecting up to 10% of the population. Genetic analyses have identified Myeloid Ecotropic viral Integration Site 1 (MEIS1), a transcriptional regulator, to be associated with not only the restless legs syndrome but also self‐reported symptoms of insomnia and sleep. This study is to determine if Meis1 deficiency in mice can lead to restless legs syndrome‐like phenotypes, and if it is the case, what the underlying mechanisms are. We used two genetic model systems, Caenorhabditis elegans and mice. Egg retention assay and fluorescent reporters were used with C. elegans. For mice, we performed behavioral tests, serum and brain iron detection, qRT‐PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and in vitro brain‐slice recording. Our results showed that with C. elegans, the function of dop‐3, an orthologue of DRD2, was diminished after the knockdown of unc‐62, an ortholog of MEIS1. Additionally, unc‐62 knockdown led to enhanced transcription of the orthologue of tyrosine hydroxylase, cat‐2. Meis1 knockout mice were hyperactive and had a rest‐phase‐specific increased probability of waking. Moreover, Meis1 knockout mice had increased serum ferritin and altered striatal dopaminergic and cholinergic systems. Specifically, Meis1 knockout mice showed an increased mRNA level but decreased protein level of tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum. Furthermore, Meis1 knockout mice had increased striatal dopamine turnover and decreased spontaneous firing regularity of striatal cholinergic interneurons. Our data suggest that Meis1 knockout mice have restless legs syndrome‐like motor restlessness and changes in serum ferritin levels. The symptoms may be related to dysfunctional dopaminergic and cholinergic systems.
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Comparative osteology of the hynobiid complex Liua‐Protohynobius‐Pseudohynobius (Amphibia, Urodela): Ⅰ. Cranial anatomy of Pseudohynobius
Authors: Jia Jia , Gao Ke‐Qin , Jiang Jian‐ping , Bever Gabriel S. , Xiong Rongchuan , Wei Gang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHynobiidae are a clade of salamanders that diverged early within the crown radiation and that retain a considerable number of features plesiomorphic for the group. Their evolutionary history is informed by a fossil record that extends to the Middle Jurassic Bathonian time. Our understanding of the evolution within the total group of Hynobiidae has benefited considerably from recent discoveries of stem hynobiids but is constrained by inadequate anatomical knowledge of some extant forms. Pseudohynobius is a derived hynobiid clade consisting of five to seven extant species living endemic to southwestern China. Although this clade has been recognized for over 37 years, osteological details of these extant hynobiids remain elusive, which undoubtedly has contributed to taxonomic controversies over the hynobiid complex Liua‐Protohynobius‐Pseudohynobius. Here we provide a bone‐by‐bone study of the cranium in the five extant species of Pseudohynobius (Ps. flavomaculatus, Ps. guizhouensis, Ps. jinfo, Ps. kuankuoshuiensis and Ps. shuichengensis) based on x‐ray computer tomography data for 18 specimens. Our results indicate that the cranium in each of these species has a combination of differences in morphology, proportions and articulation patterns in both dermal and endochondral bones. Our study establishes a range of intraspecific differences that will serve as organizing hypotheses for future studies as more extensive collections of these species become available. Morphological features in the cranium for terrestrial ecological adaptation in Hynobiidae are summarized. Based on the results, we also discuss the evolution and development of several potential synapomorphies of Hynobiidae, including features of the orbitosphenoid and articular.
Disruption, worries and autonomy in the everyday lives of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their family members: A qualitative study of intrafamilial challenges
Authors: Overgaard Mathilde , Lundby‐Christensen Louise , Grabowski Dan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo explore daily life with type 1 diabetes in families with an adolescent with type 1 diabetes.BackgroundManagement of adolescent type 1 diabetes is carried out in the context of everyday life, thus involving and affecting the entire family. Type 1 diabetes causes disruption of family life, but the specific experiences and challenges of adolescents with type 1 diabetes, siblings and parents are not well‐explored. Specifically, research is lacking on the siblings’ experience of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.DesignA qualitative design using participatory workshops.MethodsA sample of 21 families comprising adolescents with type 1 diabetes (aged 8–18) (N = 20), their parents (N = 29) and siblings (N = 10) participated in four workshops exploring everyday life in families with adolescent diabetes from the perspective of all family members. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation. The COREQ checklist was used preparing the manuscript.ResultsFamily life with type 1 diabetes was characterised by three overarching themes: (a) the perpetual challenges and disruptive nature of life with diabetes, (b) different ways of worrying about diabetes and (c) diabetes autonomy and emancipation from parents. All family members’ lives were marked by these aspects, however in different ways and to varying degrees.ConclusionsOur findings emphasise that type 1 diabetes is indeed a family illness affecting all family members. The study provides insight into the unique experiences of adolescents with diabetes, their parents and siblings, all of whom encounter diabetes‐related challenges in their daily lives.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings call for the inclusion of all family members of adolescents with type 1 diabetes in both research and healthcare practice. Family‐oriented approaches targeting adolescents with diabetes as well as their parents and siblings will enable provision of nursing care that can meet the needs of the entire family.
Evaluation of the Saxon test for patients with hyposalivation without Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Ono Minagi Hitomi , Yamanaka Yoshie , Sakai Takayoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDry mouth is associated with salivary gland hypofunction, which may result from several conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome (SS), head and neck cancers, and side effects of medications. The Saxon test is a useful diagnostic method for hyposalivation in clinical settings. However, previous reports indicate that the test has mostly been used for patients with SS.Objective(s)In the present study, we focused on patients with dry mouth who were not diagnosed with SS (patients without SS).MethodsFor patients without SS (n = 302), we examined the factors affecting Saxon test scores using multiple regression analysis. Additionally, we performed a correlation analysis comparing the Saxon test with other diagnostic methods.ResultsIn 57.6% patients, the Saxon test score was more than 2.00 g/2 min, which is considered negative for hyposalivation. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the age and sex of patients significantly influenced test scores. The mean Saxon test score was less than 2.00 g/2 min in older patients and women. Moreover, the test showed a significant correlation with other methods used to measure salivary flow.ConclusionThe Saxon test is useful not only for patients with SS but also for patients without SS.
Embodied semiotic resources in Research Group Meetings: How language competence is framed
Authors: Kimura Daisuke , Canagarajah Suresh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrawing from Interactional Sociolinguistics (IS), this article presents an analysis of a Research Group Meeting in Microbiology occurring at a mid‐western US university. We focus on the performance of a South Korean postdoctoral scholar who claims limited proficiency in English and demonstrate how he makes valued contributions by leveraging embodied semiotic resources alongside verbal ones. The analysis also highlights the co‐participants’ openness in accepting non‐standard linguistic and discourse features in working toward shared professional goals because of the way this activity is framed. Such an orientation to interaction suggests distributed practice, where co‐participants take joint responsibility for the generation of meanings. Based on the findings, we question institutional policies that privilege advanced proficiency in normative English grammar for skilled migrants, which leads to unfairly judging their competence. We encourage a focus on how participants frame their tasks to judge what semiotic resources are critical for different professional interactions. Findings also have theoretical implications that help IS develop in the direction of embodiment, beyond verbal contextualization cues, individual competence, and intercultural misunderstandings.
Selecting Health Need Indicators for Spatial Equity Analysis in the New Zealand Primary Care Context
Authors: Whitehead Jesse , Pearson Amber L. , Lawrenson Ross , Atatoa Carr Polly 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo examine potential indicators of health need for primary care in spatial equity research, and evidence of the Inverse Care Law in the Waikato region of New Zealand.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of 7 health need indicators (ambulatory sensitive hospitalizations; cancer rate; mortality rate; New Zealand index of multiple deprivation‐health domain; age; New Zealand index of deprivation; smoking rate) that were identified through a systematic review was carried out. Values of indicators were mapped and analyzed using geographic information systems (GIS). Spearman's correlations were calculated between indicators, and clusters of high need were identified through spatial autocorrelation. The impact of incorporating indicator‐based weightings into an accessibility model was tested using analysis of variance and Spearman's correlations. General practice service spatial equity was assessed by comparing clusters of high access versus need, and quantified through the Gini coefficient.FindingsAmbulatory sensitive hospitalization (ASH) rates were significantly correlated with all indicators. Health needs were significantly clustered, but incorporating indicator weightings into the spatial accessibility analysis did not impact accessibility scores. A misalignment of access and need, and a Gini coefficient of 0.281 suggest that services are not equitably distributed.ConclusionASH rates seem a robust indicator of health need. However, data access issues may restrict their use. Area‐level socioeconomic deprivation measures incorporate some social determinants of health, and they have potential for wider use. High need clusters vary spatially according to the indicator used. GIS techniques can identify “hot‐spots” of need, but these can be masked in accessibility models.
Introducing a novel approach to the cross‐cultural measurement of stigma versus social integration using methods from the field of cognitive anthropology
Authors: Holleman Mirjam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study combines current theories and methods from the field of disability studies and cognitive anthropology in the development of a cross culturally replicable and comparative model for evaluating stigma toward, versus social integration of, people with disabilities in society. Weaknesses in previous ways of measuring and comparing ‘social integration’ are addressed, as well as known challenges of measuring attitudes and stigma toward disability, especially in a cross‐culturally applicable and comparative way. A new application to previously existing methods in the field of cognitive anthropology is introduced which addresses these challenges. A case study conducted in Poland is described which illustrates the proposed methods. In conclusion, a roadmap for future research is provided which briefly reiterates the steps needed to replicate the study in various cultural contexts. Understanding the ways in which people with disabilities are perceived to deviate from culturally shared norms in a society may pave the way for the development of more effective and culturally targeted social policies in an effort to promote the social integration of all members of society.
Loss to follow‐up in the hepatitis C care cascade: A substantial problem but opportunity for micro‐elimination
Authors: van Dijk Marleen , Drenth Joost P.H. ,   the HepNed study group
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince the advent of direct‐acting antivirals, elimination of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infections seems within reach. However, studies on the HCV cascade of care show suboptimal progression through each step for all patient groups. Loss to follow‐up (LTFU) is a major issue and is a barrier to HCV elimination. This review summarizes the scale of the LTFU problem and proposes a micro‐elimination approach. Retrieving LTFU patients and re‐engaging them with care again has shown to be feasible in the Netherlands. Micro‐elimination through retrieval can contribute to reaching the World Health Organization's viral hepatitis elimination targets by 2030.
Metabolic alterations in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis after treatment with carboxymethyl chitosan‐loaded, reduced glutathione nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Chang , Bai Yunlong , Fu Shixin , Wu Ling , Xia Cheng , Xu Chuang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubclinical ketosis (SCK) causes economic losses in the dairy industry because it reduces the milk production and reproductive performance of cows.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate whether carboxymethyl chitosan‐loaded reduced glutathione (CMC‐rGSH) nanoparticles can alleviate the incidence or degree of SCK in a herd.AnimalsHolstein dairy cows 21 days postpartum (n = 15).MethodsThe trial uses a prospective study. Five cows with serum β‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) ≥1.20 mmol/L and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) <100 IU/L were assigned to group T1, 5 cows with BHBA ≥1.20 mmol/L and AST >100 IU/L to group T2, and 5 cows with BHBA <1.00 mmol/L and AST <100 IU/L to group C. Carboxymethyl chitosan‐loaded reduced glutathione (0.012 mg/kg body weight per cow) was administered to cows in T1 and T2 once daily via jugular vein for 6 days after diagnosis. Serum from all groups were collected 1 day before administration, then on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 after administration to determine the changes in biochemical index and 1H‐NMR.ResultsThe difference in liver function or energy metabolism indices in T1, T2, and C disappeared at day 7 and day 10 after the administration (P > .05). Valine, lactate, alanine, lysine, creatinine, glucose, tyrosine, phenylalanine, formate, and oxalacetic acid levels, and decrease in isoleucine, leucine, proline, acetate, trimethylamine N‐oxide, glycine, and BHBA levels were greater (P < .05) at day 7 than day 0 for cows in T2.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCarboxymethyl chitosan‐loaded reduced glutathione treatment might alleviate SCK by enhancing gluconeogenesis and reducing ketogenesis in amino acids.
Jim Grimsley: Current state of research
Authors: Trušník Roman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJim Grimsley (b. 1955) is a southern author of literary fiction, literature of the fantastic as well as numerous plays whose road to publishing success in the United States has been a thorny one. Grimsley had published two novels in Germany with translations to French and Dutch under way before his first novel, Winter Birds, was put out in 1994 by Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill following 10 years of futile attempts to get the book to press in his home country. Since the publication of Winter Birds in the United States, he has published six literary novels, three science fiction or fantasy novels, a collection of short stories, a book of plays, and a memoir in English. Although Grimsley explores topical themes in his fiction such as child abuse, class issues in the United States, same‐sex relationships in the American South, as well as the relationship between technology and society, he surprisingly remains one of the most under‐researched contemporary American writers. Nevertheless, the amount of research on the author has been growing in the last 20 years, so there can be no doubt about his inclusion in the canon of contemporary southern literature. The present article provides an overview of scholarship on Grimsley both in the United States and Europe, identifying several main research areas: (southern/queer) Gothic elements, abuse in all its forms, southern culture and its elements (region, space, class), gay identity, literature of the fantastic, and theatrical plays. As this overview and bibliography of research into Grimsley up to the present is meant to further current research and stimulate interest in the author and his works, the article also identifies new areas that deserve scholarly attention.
Pregnancy complicated by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: A case‐control study
Authors: Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Dhooria Sahajal , Thurai Prasad Kuruswamy , Muthu Valliappan , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundWhether allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) affects maternal and perinatal outcomes during pregnancy or vice versa is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the course of ABPA and its consequence on maternal and perinatal outcomes during pregnancy.MethodsWe retrospectively included pregnant women with ABPA (cases) and compared them with non‐pregnant ABPA subjects (controls). We recorded the following details in cases and controls: demographical characteristics, radiological findings, pulmonary function, duration of symptoms and the number of asthma and ABPA exacerbations during follow‐up. We also recorded the maternal and perinatal outcomes in the cases.ResultsWe included nine cases and 38 controls with a similar age range. All the cases had achieved remission of ABPA before pregnancy and were receiving inhaled medications for asthma control. Serum total IgE levels, the extent of bronchiectasis on CT thorax and pulmonary function were comparable in the two groups. The mean number of asthma (53 vs 7) and ABPA (62 vs 16) exacerbations per 100 person‐years was significantly higher in cases compared to the controls. We did not observe any maternal complications. One neonate had low birthweight.ConclusionsThe risk of asthma and ABPA exacerbations is significantly higher in pregnant subjects with ABPA than non‐pregnant women with ABPA. However, maternal and perinatal outcomes are good.
Visual memory recall‐induced focal seizures: A case report
Authors: Nishimura Takuya , Okazaki Shuhei , Nagayama Hiroshi , Ihara Masafumi , Nagatsuka Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn 82‐year‐old woman presented with a complaint of sudden difficulty in chanting the Heart Sutra because visual hallucinations of Tetris‐like color blocks disturbed the image of the Sutra in her mind. Neuropsychological examination revealed transient impairment of visual memory recall with hallucinations. Physical examination showed no abnormalities except mild hypertension. She was alert, oriented with normal motor, sensory, and cerebellar function. She was diagnosed with mid‐temporal lobe seizures based on electroencephalography and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) findings. Subtraction ictal SPECT co‐registered to MRI (SISCOM) examination was useful in detecting the seizure focus. Symptoms resolved completely after the administration of antiepileptic drugs. This case report provides new insights into the mechanism of visual memory recall.
Heat‐induced changes in the abundance of wheat Rubisco activase isoforms
Authors: Degen Gustaf E. , Orr Douglas J. , Carmo‐Silva Elizabete 
Published: September 2020

SummaryTheTriticum aestivum(wheat) genome encodes three isoforms of Rubisco activase (Rca) differing in thermostability, which could be exploited to improve the resilience of this crop to global warming. We hypothesized that elevated temperatures would cause an increase in the relative abundance of heat‐stable Rca1β.Wheat plants were grown at 25° C : 18°C (day : night) and exposed to heat stress (38° C : 22°C) for up to 5 d at pre‐anthesis. Carbon (C) assimilation, Rubisco activity, CA1Pase activity, transcripts of Rca1β, Rca2β, and Rca2α, and the quantities of the corresponding protein products were measured during and after heat stress.The transcript ofRca1βincreased 40‐fold in 4 h at elevated temperatures and returned to the original level after 4 h upon return of plants to control temperatures. Rca1β comprised up to 2% of the total Rca protein in unstressed leaves but increased three‐fold in leaves exposed to elevated temperatures for 5 d and remained high at 4 h after heat stress.These results show that elevated temperatures cause rapid changes inRcagene expression and adaptive changes in Rca isoform abundance. The improved understanding of the regulation of C assimilation under heat stress will inform efforts to improve wheat productivity and climate resilience.
DLK2 regulates arbuscule hyphal branching during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Ho‐Plágaro Tania , Morcillo Rafael J. L. , Tamayo‐Navarrete María Isabel , Huertas Raúl , Molinero‐Rosales Nuria , López‐Ráez Juan Antonio , Macho Alberto P. , García‐Garrido José Manuel 
Published: September 2020

Summary

D14 and KAI2 receptors enable plants to distinguish between strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs), respectively, in order to trigger appropriate environmental and developmental responses. Both receptors are related to the regulation of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) formation and are members of the RsbQ‐like family of α,β‐hydrolases. DLK2 proteins, whose function remains unknown, constitute a third clade from the RsbQ‐like protein family. We investigated whether the tomato SlDLK2 is a new regulatory component in the AM symbiosis.

Genetic approaches were conducted to analyze SlDLK2 expression and to understand SlDLK2 function in AM symbiosis.

We show that SlDLK2 expression in roots is AM‐dependent and is associated with cells containing arbuscules. SlDLK2 ectopic expression arrests arbuscule branching and downregulates AM‐responsive genes, even in the absence of symbiosis; while the opposite effect was observed upon SlDLK2 silencing. Moreover, SlDLK2 overexpression in Medicago truncatula roots showed the same altered phenotype observed in tomato roots. Interestingly, SlDLK2 interacts with DELLA, a protein that regulates arbuscule formation/degradation in AM roots.

We propose that SlDLK2 is a new component of the complex plant‐mediated mechanism regulating the life cycle of arbuscules in AM symbiosis.