bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract Enhances Muscle Oxygenation During Forearm Exercise in Intermediate-Level Rock Climbers
Authors: Fryer Simon , Paterson Craig , Perkins Ian C. , Gloster Chris , Willems Mark E.T. , Potter Julia A. 
Published: May 2020

The delivery to and utilization of oxygenated hemoglobin to the forearm muscles are key determinants of rock-climbing performance. Anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) has been suggested to improve blood flow and may enhance forearm endurance performance. As such, a double-blind, randomized crossover design study with 12 participants performed submaximal intermittent contractions (at 40% maximal voluntary contraction) to failure after a 7-day intake of 600 mg/day NZBC extract or placebo. Minimum tissue saturation index (TSI%) was assessed during the contractions. During recovery, time to half recovery of TSI% and brachial artery blood flow were assessed. There was no difference in time to exhaustion between NZBC and placebo. Minimum TSI% was lower with NZBC extract (43 ± 8 vs. 50 ± 11 TSI%; p = .007; Cohen’s d = 1.01). During recovery, there was no effect on brachial artery blood flow. However, time to half recovery was faster with NZBC (26 ± 17 vs. 42 ± 26 s; p = .001; Cohen’s d = 1.3) following exhaustive contractions. Seven days of NZBC extract appears to improve muscle oxygenation during and following contractions with no change in either arterial blood flow or forearm endurance performance.
Performance on an Associative Memory Test Decreases 8 hr After Cardiovascular Exercise
Authors: Pahwa Arth R.R. , Miller Dylan J. , Caplan Jeremy B. , Collins David F. 
Published: May 2020

This study was designed to assess the effects of acute exercise on performance of a paired associate learning (PAL) test, an operationalization of hippocampal-dependent associative memory. Participants performed a PAL test and then ran on a treadmill (exercise group, n = 52) or solved Sudoku puzzles (control group, n = 54). Participants returned 2, 5, or 8 hr later to perform a second, different, PAL test. PAL scores for the control group did not change over time. Similarly, scores on tests taken 2 and 5 hr after exercise were not different from baseline or control data. Scores on tests taken 8 hr after exercise, however, fell significantly below baseline (by 8.6%) and control (by 9.8%) scores. These data demonstrate that acute exercise can negatively affect the encoding and retrieval of new information even hours after the exercise bout, which should be a consideration when designing exercise programs to enhance, and not hinder, learning.
Associations of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain With Physical Fitness in Childhood
Authors: Tambalis Konstantinos D. , Mourtakos Stamatis , Sidossis Labros S. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To investigate the potential associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (mppBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with physical fitness in children. Methods: A random sample of 5125 children and their mothers was evaluated. The mothers provided data contained in their medical booklets and pregnancy ultrasound records. The data from 5 physical fitness tests (eg, 20-m shuttle run, 30-m sprint, vertical jump, standing long jump, and small ball throw) were used to assess children’s cardiorespiratory fitness, speed, explosive power, and lower and upper body strength, respectively. Results: MppBMI was inversely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (b = −0.02), lower body strength (b = −1.01), upper body strength (b = −0.07), and speed (b = 0.04). Also, GWG was unfavorably associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (b = −0.02), lower body strength (b = −1.12), upper body strength (b = −0.03), and speed (b = 0.03), after adjusting for sex, birth weight, and children’s BMI (all P values < .05). Children of mothers with an mppBMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and excess GWG had almost 30% and 20% increased odds for low performances in physical fitness tests than those of mothers with an mppBMI < 25 kg/m2 and adequate GWG, respectively. Conclusions: Antenatal factors such as increased mppBMI and excess GWG could play an unfavorable role in the future health of the offspring.
Pneumoperitoneum preconditioning for the prevention of renal function after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: protocol for a double-blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Changcheng , Xu Luwei , Xu Zheng , Ge Yuzheng , Zhou Liuhua , Wang Feng , Liu Jingyu , Pan Gaojian , Yang Tianli , Jia Ruipeng 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionRenal ischaemia reperfusion injury is an inevitable pathophysiology in different clinical situations including laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN), which can obviously decrease the renal function after surgery. Pneumoperitoneum preconditioning (PP) is a promising approach that can yield a protective effect on kidney, which has already been demonstrated in some animal models. The present study is designed to assess whether the PP can yield a clinical renoprotective role after LPN.Methods and analysisThis study is a randomised, prospective, double-blind and parallel controlled clinical trial. Eligible participants will be patients with renal tumours and willing to choose elective LPN. Patients randomised to the treatment arm will receive PP consisted of three cycles of 5 min insufﬂation and 5 min desufﬂation before LPN, while the control arm will receive a sham operation. The primary endpoints are glomerular filtration rate and the level of serum cystatin C within 6 months after desufﬂation. The secondary endpoints are serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, alanine transaminase, serum amylase, intestinal fatty acid binding protein, postoperative hospital stay, the incidence of adverse events and mortality in postoperative 6 months.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the institutional ethics committee of Nanjing First Hospital. The results of this study will be reported faithfully through scientific conferences or published articles.Trial registration numberNCT03822338.
Lengthening adalimumab dosing interval in quiescent Crohn’s disease patients: protocol for the pragmatic randomised non-inferiority LADI study
Authors: Smits L J T , Pauwels R W M , Kievit W , de Jong D J , de Vries A C , Hoentjen F , van der Woude C J ,   on behalf of the LADI study group
Published: May 2020

IntroductionAdalimumab is effective for maintenance of remission in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) at a dose of 40 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks. However, adalimumab is associated with (long-term) adverse events and is costly. The aim of this study is to demonstrate non-inferiority and cost-effectiveness of disease activity guided adalimumab interval lengthening compared to standard dosing of every other week (EOW).Methods and analysisThe Lengthening Adalimumab Dosing Interval (LADI) study is a pragmatic, multicentre, open label, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. Non-inferiority is reached if the difference in cumulative incidence of persistent (>8 weeks) flares does not exceed the non-inferiority margin of 15%. 174 CD patients on adalimumab maintenance therapy in long-term (>9 months) clinical and biochemical remission will be included (C-reactive protein (CRP) <10 mg/L, faecal calprotectin (FC) <150 µg/g, Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) <5). Patients will be randomised 2:1 into the intervention (adalimumab interval lengthening) or control group (adalimumab EOW). The intervention group will lengthen the adalimumab administration interval to every 3 weeks, and after 24 weeks to every 4 weeks. Clinical and biochemical disease activity will be monitored every 12 weeks by physician global assessment, HBI, CRP and FC. In case of disease flare, dosing will be increased. A flare is defined as two of three of the following criteria; FC>250 µg/g, CRP≥10 mg/l, HBI≥5. Secondary outcomes include cumulative incidence of transient flares, adverse events, predictors for successful dose reduction and cost-effectiveness.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Medical Ethics Committee Arnhem-Nijmegen, the Netherlands (registration number NL58948.091.16). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.Trial registration numbersEudraCT registry (2016-003321-42); Clinicaltrials.gov registry (NCT03172377); Dutch trial registry (NTRID6417).
Cosmological framework for renormalization group extended gravity at the action level
Authors: Bertini Nicolas R. , Hipólito-Ricaldi Wiliam S. , de Melo-Santos Felipe , Rodrigues Davi C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGeneral relativity (GR) extensions based on renormalization group (RG) flows may lead to scale-dependent couplings with nontrivial effects at large distance scales. Here we develop further the approach in which RG effects at large distance scales are fully encoded in an effective action and we apply it to cosmology. In order to evaluate the cosmological consequences, our main assumption is the use of a RG scale such that the (infrared) RG effects only appear at perturbative order (not at the background level). The emphasis here is on analytical results and qualitative understanding of the implied cosmology. We employ commonly used parametrizations for describing modified gravity in cosmology (as the slip parameter). From them, we describe the dynamics of the first order perturbations and estimate bounds on the single dimensionless parameter ($$\nu $$ν) introduced by this framework. Possible impacts on dark matter and dark energy are discussed. It is also shown here that the $$\nu $$ν parameter effects to $$f\sigma _8$$fσ8 are stronger at low redshifts ($$z<1.5$$z<1.5), while different values for $$\nu $$ν do not appreciably change $$f\sigma _8$$fσ8 at higher redshifts, thus opening a window to alleviate an issue that is currently faced by $$\Lambda $$ΛCDM.
On Bennequin-type inequalities for links in tight contact 3-manifolds
Authors: Cavallo Alberto 
Published: May 2020

We prove that a version of the Thurston–Bennequin inequality holds for Legendrian and transverse links in a rational homology contact 3-sphere [Formula: see text], whenever [Formula: see text] is tight. More specifically, we show that the self-linking number of a transverse link [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], such that the boundary of its tubular neighborhood consists of incompressible tori, is bounded by the Thurston norm [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. A similar inequality is given for Legendrian links by using the notions of positive and negative transverse push-off. We apply this bound to compute the tau-invariant for every strongly quasi-positive link in [Formula: see text]. This is done by proving that our inequality is sharp for this family of smooth links. Moreover, we use a stronger Bennequin inequality, for links in the tight 3-sphere, to generalize this result to quasi-positive links and determine their maximal self-linking number.
A NEW PERSPECTIVE TO STUDY THE THIRD-ORDER MODIFIED KDV EQUATION ON FRACTAL SET
Authors: LIU JIAN-GEN , YANG XIAO-JUN , FENG YI-YING , CUI PING 
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we construct the Bäcklund transformations and the super-position formulas to the constant coefficients local fractional Riccati equation for the first time. Next, by means of the Bäcklund transformations and seed solutions which have been known in [X. J. Yang et al., Non-differentiable solutions for local fractional nonlinear Riccati differential equations, Fundam. Inform. 151(1–4) (2017) 409–417], we can get a class of exact solutions to the third-order modified KdV equation on the fractal set. These new type solutions can assist us to review different nonlinear phenomena better, which had been modeled via local fractional derivative.
Economic Burden and Healthcare Resource Use for Thoracic Aortic Dissections and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms—A Population‐Based Cost‐of‐Illness Analysis
Authors: McClure R. Scott , Brogly Susan B. , Lajkosz Katherine , McClintock Chad , Payne Darrin , Smith Holly N. , Johnson Ana P. 
Published: May 2020

Background

Thoracic aortic dissections (
TADs
) and thoracic aortic aneurysms (
TAAs
) are resource intensive. We sought to determine economic burden and healthcare resource use to guide health policy.

Methods and Results

Using universal healthcare coverage data for Ontario, Canada, from 2003 to 2016, a cost‐of‐illness analysis was performed. From a single‐payer's perspective, direct costs (hospitalization, reinterventions, readmissions, rehabilitation, extended care, home care, prescription drugs, and imaging) were assessed in 2017 Canadian dollars. Controls without
TADs
or
TAAs
were matched 10:1 on age, sex, and socioeconomic status to cases with
TADs
or
TAAs
to compare posthospital service use to the general population. Linear and spline regression were used for cost trends. Total hospital costs increased from $9 M to $20.7 M for
TADs
(
P
<0.0001) and $13 M to $18 M for
TAAs
(
P
<0.001). Costs cumulated to $587 M for 17 113 cases. Median hospital costs for
TADs
were $11 525 ($6102 medical, $26 896 endograft, and $30 372 surgery) with an increase over time (
P
=0.04). For
TAAs
, median costs were $16 683 ($7247 medical, $11 679 endograft, and $22 949 surgery) with a decrease over time (
P
=0.03). Home care was the most used posthospital service (
TADs
44%,
TAAs
38%), but rehabilitation had the highest median cost (
TADs
$11.9 M,
TAAs
$11 M). Men had increased median costs for indexed hospitalizations relative to women, yet women used more posthospital services with higher service costs.

Conclusions

Total yearly costs have increased for
TADs
and
TAAs
. Median hospital costs have increased for
TADs
yet decreased for
TAAs
. Women use posthospital healthcare services more often than men.
Shifting Memories
Authors: Wong Wai Yin Christina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Five years after the establishment of the World Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) in 1894 under the influence of the Protestant evangelical movement the Chinese YWCA national committee was founded in 1899. Shortly after the overthrow of the Manchu Empire, the Canton YWCA was founded in 1912, the first year of the Republic of China. In this study I examine three oral history interviews with former YWCA staff, supplemented by the written recollections of a former general secretary and other scarce materials to reconstruct the fragmented work of the Canton YWCA in the 1940s. In the conclusion, I discuss how their memories have shifted according to their contingent “present” identities in different periods of time, and how they are dependent on individual concerns, institutional affiliations and socio-political contexts.
The Muslimah Intimate Public: Re-Considering Contemporary Daʾwa Activists in Indonesia
Authors: Beta Annisa R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article reconsiders contemporary digital activism in an increasingly pious Indonesia and responds to Eva F. Nisa’s 2018 paper on young Muslim women as daʾwa (proselytization) activists published in this journal. This paper asks: How have today’s socially mediated publics in Indonesia influenced the figure of the daʾwa activist? How are these daʾwa activists different from those in the past? I argue that the daʾwa activists are the products of a Muslimah intimate public, part of a networked public within which young women discuss, engage with, and express how they ‘feel’ about issues that interest them, and celebrate self-improvement and self-enterprise, combined with religious self-cultivation. Within this public daʾwa activists have two key characteristics. First, market logics and commercial interests are fundamental to their daʾwa. Second, the daʾwa accounts frame controversial and political issues through specific visual ethics that engender a sense of intimacy with their followers.
After Community: Upscaling and the Flux of Online Civic Engagement in Indonesia
Authors: Seto Ario 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Drawing on the experience of three Indonesian online communities, this paper argues that civic engagement organized by online communities is not simply an outcome of compassion or social solidarity but also a mitigating circumstance of community building. The durability of organizing civic engagement, therefore, relies on the transformation of online communities and members’ capacity for community management—that is, how the community could upscale its form and activities. Failing in upscaling the community can lead to community abandonment. Community upscaling relies on the success of institutionalizing civic engagement activities, community adaptation to new chat platforms, conserving interpersonal communication within the same online location, and generating new community trajectories.
Healthcare practitioner relationships, cultural health capital and breastfeeding support for adolescent mothers
Authors: Jamie Kimberly , O’Neill Roisin , Bows Hannah , Hackshaw-McGeagh Lucy 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Breastfeeding is the optimal method of infant nutrition. Despite this, rates of breastfeeding in high-income countries are low and mirror wider health inequalities with women from under-served populations being least likely to breastfeed. In the UK, adolescent mothers from areas of high socio-economic deprivation are among the least likely groups to initiate and continue breastfeeding. This study aimed to examine young women’s experiences of breastfeeding, with a particular focus on information provision and relationships with healthcare practitioners. Methods, design and setting: Data were collected through qualitative focus groups and interviews with 27 adolescent mothers from areas of socio-economic deprivation in Belfast (Northern Ireland), Bristol (South West England) and Middlesbrough (North East England). Questions focused on the support young mothers receive for breastfeeding with a particular focus on the importance of healthcare practitioners in breastfeeding practices. Results: Although young mothers were well-informed about the benefits of breastfeeding, they lacked basic information which led to early cessation. Moreover, mismatched cultural health capital between healthcare practitioners and adolescent mothers led to perceived strained relationships wherein young mothers felt undermined and not listened to. We suggest that this arises from an intersection of age-related lack of confidence and low cultural health capital arising from differences in socio-economic status. Conclusions: Recommendations are offered for a more holistic approach to young mothers’ maternal health and the use of peer supporters.
Health Service Use among Individuals with Depression and Psychological Distress: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Ontario, Canada: Utilisation des services de santé par les personnes souffrant de dépression et de détresse psychologique : une étude de cohorte dans la population de l’Ontario, Canada
Authors: Chiu Maria , Saxena Farah E. , Kurdyak Paul , Wilton Andrew S. , Vigod Simone N. 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: Relatively little is known about how health-care utilization differs among individuals with psychological distress compared to those with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Ontario participants of the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.2 (2002) were linked to health administrative data to follow their health-care utilization patterns for up to 15 years. Based on their survey responses, we classified individuals hierarchically into Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria MDD, psychological distress (Kessler-6: 8 to 24), or an unexposed group with neither condition. We compared the rates of outpatient and acute care mental and nonmental health-related visits across the 3 groups over time using Poisson regression. Results: Among the 430 individuals with MDD, 668 with psychological distress, and 9,089 in the unexposed group, individuals with MDD and psychological distress had higher rates of health-care utilization than the unexposed overall and across time. The rates of psychiatrist visits for the MDD group were significantly higher than the other groups initially but declined over the follow-up. Conversely, the rates of psychiatrist visits among the psychological distress group increased over time and converged with that of the MDD group by the end of follow-up (rate ratioMDD vs. psychological distress at 1 year: 4.20 [1.97 to 11.40]; at 15 years: 1.53 [0.54 to 4.08]). Acute care visits were similar between the MDD and psychological distress groups at all time points. Conclusions: Individuals with psychological distress required mental health care rivalling that of individuals with MDD over time, suggesting that even a cross-sectional assessment of significant psychological distress is a serious clinical concern.
Socioenvironmental Risk Factors for Adolescent Marijuana Use in a United States-Mexico Border Community
Authors: Valdez Elizabeth Salerno , Valdez Luis , Korchmaros Josephine , Garcia David O. , Stevens Sally , Sabo Samantha , Carvajal Scott 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: We examined how socioenvironmental risk factors unique to the United States-Mexico border, defined as border community and immigration stress, normalization of drug trafficking, and perceived disordered neighborhood stress, contribute to tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents residing there. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: The study was conducted at a high school on the United States-Mexico border. Subjects: A sample of 445 primarily Hispanic students (ages 14-18). Measure: Perceived Disordered Neighborhood Stress Scale, Border Community and Immigration Stress Scale, and Normalization of Drug Trafficking Scale. Analysis: Logistic regression assessed the association between the socioenvironmental risk factors and past 30-day tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. Results: Participants with higher border community and immigration stress scores were significantly more likely to have used tobacco (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.41, P < .01) and alcohol (aOR = 1.31, P < .01) in the past 30 days. Perceived disordered neighborhood stress also was associated with past 30-day alcohol use (aOR = 1.46, P < .00). The normalization of drug trafficking was associated with past 30-day marijuana use (aOR = 1.45, P < .05). Conclusions: Public health practitioners, educational institutions, and policy makers should consider the economic and normative environment of the United States-Mexico border for future substance use prevention and risk reduction efforts targeting border adolescents.
Kratom and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Nascent Association
Authors: Mitra Souparno , Virani Sanya 
Published: May 2020

Background: In the United States (USA), kratom has become popular for controlling withdrawal symptoms from opioid cessation. Case studies have alluded to the occurrence of features of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in infants born to mothers who regularly used kratom. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature was conducted using Pubmed and Google Scholar with a combination of keywords. A total of 8 unique abstracts were identified and reviewed. Results: The reviewed papers suggest that infants exposed to kratom via the transplacental route exhibit symptoms such as breathing difficulties, irritability, jitteriness, muscle hypertonicity, and a high-pitched inconsolable cry, which are features of NAS. Though no treatment protocols exist for managing kratom withdrawal, the studies suggested symptomatic management of a hyper-adrenergic state. Some studies recommended using methadone, whereas others recommend the use of morphine, rooming-in, and close contact with the mother.