bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and practices of needle stick injury prevention among nursing personnel in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Mustafeed , Reddy K V Krishna 
Published: January 2021

A needle stick injury (NSI) is an accidental skin‑penetrating stab wound from a hollow‑bore needle containing another person’s blood or body fluid, leading to transmission of blood borne infections such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Nurses are the core care providers for patients in the hospital and thus have the highest rate of needle stick injury among all the health care workers. This is possibly be due to performance of invasive and non-invasive procedures to the patients besides injection administration more often than any other staff. a) To assess the knowledge of Needle stick injuries (NSI) among nursing staffs, b) To determine the practices of Needdle stick injury prevention (NSI) among nursing staffs of a tertiary care teaching hospital.M A cross sectional study was conducted by using a structured questionnaire having close ended and multiple choice questions, 10 in knowledge parameters and 15 in practice parameters respectively, designed from previously published literature. Informed verbal consent was taken prior to distribution of the self reporting Questionnaire and 100 nursing staffs were included. Minitab software version 19 was used for data analysis. 1st Jan 2020 to 31st March, 2020 (3 months).Response rate was 80%, Incidence of NSI was 45%, Only 24% of the nurses were aware of the definition of NSI, about 90% of them were aware of the infections transmitted, 85% of them are unaware of ‘no-recapping’ technique of disposal, 90% of them were aware of standard precautions, Overall knowledge is adequate among 65% nurses. Only 35% nurses reported their NSI after incident, 24% knew post exposure prophylaxis, 98% of the reported NSI incidents NSI were due to recapping of needles. NSIs were highly prevalent among nurses. Injection practices needs improvement. Procedures associated with higher risks of NSIs such as recapping of needles, non-wearing of gloves, improper disposal of sharps and others should be strongly discouraged.
Aerosol phobia and SARS-CoV-2 spread amongst dentists: Hype vs reality!
Authors: Singh Neetika , Sultan Amina , Juneja Akanksha 
Published: January 2021

The definite mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 transmission remains unclear, but it is certain that basically it is through aerosols produced by coughing or other sourcesBesides, these aerosolized droplets can remain suspended in an area, even after the person responsible for the transmission has left and thus may result in the surface contamination and infection of the health-care professionals. Most of the dentists worldwide are anxious and have chief concerns about aerosols. Aerosols containing the virus can be a risk. So far, no clear evidence in the literature exists that aerosols containing the virus have affected people and of course, no proof to reject that, either. Most of the dentists have profound fear and anxiety of getting infected while working during the current viral outbreak that has usually been due to the overwhelming reports on the COVID-19 pandemic. Most dental professionals get exposed to infections, and older generations have lived through various health scares in the past, including HIV and SARS. Indeed, there is so much we still don’t know about COVID-19, but we can’t live with this fear for eternity; we have to find a way to live with this pandemic. Since the aerosols increase during and after the dental procedures, therefore, the Dental offices should adhere to CDC and OSHA guidelines to reduce the risk of transmission of infections. In consideration of the current situation, it will be a wise decision to decrease patient contact, restrict the generation of aerosols and use the best PPE.
Comparison of efficacy of ICDAS, CAST, Nyvad’s criteria, SCI and WHO–DMFT in caries identification among six to twelve year old children
Authors: Radje Vishnu , Hegde K Sundeep , Bhat Sham S , Ballal Raksha , Devan Arya 
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to compare the ICDAS, the CAST, the DMF, the Nyvad criteria and the SCI with respect to their ability in identification of caries in the individuals from six to twelve years of age and also the time required for recording each indices.A total of 47 children visiting the hospital were selected and examined. Examination was done in the dental chair with adequate light. Oral prophylaxis was done. Subsequently, examination was performed by the examiner according to DMFT system, ICDAS, CAST, Nyvad’s criteria and SCI and the information forms were recorded. Chi square test and one way ANOVA were used for data analysis. In this study, the no statistically significant difference was shown by number of sound teeth. For caries involving enamel, there was statistical difference seen. For caries involving dentin, Distinct/Active Cavity lesions, statistically significant difference was seen. For pulp involvement, statistically significant differences were observed. For, restored teeth, there was statistical difference but missing teeth due to caries did not show any statistically significant difference. The mean time taken to apply the DMF was 1mins 17secs; for ICDAS, 3mins 32secs, for CAST, 3min 30secs, for Nyvad’s Criteria, 2mins 34secs and for SCI it took 1min 2secs. A common method for classification of caries identification is ambiguous. DMFT and SCI is the most simple and less time consuming method. ICDAS addresses the all the progressive stages of the caries.
Comparative evaluation of the synbiotics, antibiotics and analgesics in post extraction healing of tooth sockets- A randomized control trial
Authors: Singh Shweta , S Sahana , Kumar Sulabh , Gupta N K 
Published: January 2021

The emergence of antibiotic resistance and its side effects have restricted their use in array of prophylactic options in present scenario. Indeed, some new strategies and alternative therapies like herbal medicines and laser therapies have already minimised the use of antibiotic prevent/cure health related issues or oral diseases. Nowadays many authors are trying to prove influence of synbiotics in oral health maintenance so this study was done to check the usage of synbiotics and its benefits in the post extraction tooth socket. The aim of this research is to study the effect of synbiotics supplements on post-surgical complications and oral wound healing after extraction of tooth. To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of synbiotics over antibiotics and analgesics in post extraction of tooth socket. This study is a randomized controlled trial, parallel group, multicentre trial comparing the efficacy of synbiotics in healing of post extraction sockets that was conducted in three centres of Lucknow city-India including BBD dental college of dental sciences. Three groups were made with 80 patients in each group. The primary outcome measures were observed in each group on 3rd day, 5th day and 7th day. We could find significant difference between the 3 groups regarding the evaluated parameters. In age and gender distribution was observed. Wound related complications like bleeding, swelling and gut flora disturbance at the surgical site was present more in group 2 and group 3 as compared to group 1 which is found statistically significant with p value 0.02, 0.01 and 0.01. In the cost analysis during the treatment among the study subjects was noted where statistical significant results were obtained between groups 1 vs group 2; group 1 vs group 3 and group 2 vs group 3 at p ≤ 0.01. Since this was a novel approach in comparing the post extraction wound healing and as the results showed a definite positive effect by synbiotics. Further studies with a larger sample and different formulation would be recommended to be put into clinical use.
Urease activity in caries free and caries active children
Authors: Kumar Vinod 
Published: January 2021

Few studies have proven that urease has caries inhibiting effect. Urease enzymes hydrolyze urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. This ammonia raises the pH value of plaque and saliva which will reduce caries activity. The aim of this investigation was to measure and compare the urease activity level before and after carbohydrate rinse in caries free and caries active children of 5-12 years. 30 caries free and 30 caries active children aged 5-12 years were selected for the study. A child was not eligible if he/she has systemic illness and received antibiotics within the last three months. DMFT/dmft was recorded to define the caries status, unstimulated saliva was collected in the eppendorf tubes and supra gingival plaque was collected from all available smooth surfaces. Urease activity was measured following biochemical protocol. Mean, standard deviation, median, and range (min.-max.) of urease activity was calculated. TheIndependent sample t test” was done to compare urease activity in both groups. Paired sample t test” was applied to knowthe change in the urease activity pre and post oral sucrose rinse in saliva and plaque Increased saliva and plaque urease activity was found in caries free group compared to caries active group and in both groups urease activity increased after oral carbohydrate rinse for both saliva and plaque samplesThe strategy can be developed for carbohydrate rinse to generate higher urease activity for caries control and urease activity measurement could be considered as parameter for caries risk assessment in children.
THE PRACTICES AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED CATTLE AND OIL PALM FARMING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ahmad Abd Rahman , Mohd Nasir Aini Syafiqah 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: The Malaysian government had encouraged the adoption of integrated cattle and oil palm farming systems (ICOFS) since the year 1998. This is due to large areas of land suitable for ICOFS in Malaysia that can be well utilized. The efforts made in increasing the demand for meat nationwide and growing dependency on imported meat are among the reasons that ICOFS has become significant to be implemented today. Apart from that, Malaysia needs to increase the self-sufficiency level of national meat production to 32.7% by 2020 as stated in the National Agri-Food Policy 2011-2020. Despite this, only a small number of farmers have adopted ICOFS in Malaysia and less is known so far about the farmer's attitudes towards the ICOFS in Malaysia.
Methodology: Therefore, this study aimed to explore the current practice as well as factors affecting and constraints to the adoption of ICOFS in Malaysia. Interviews of four selected experts in ICOFS were held to examine the current practice of ICOFS in Malaysia.
Main Findings: Results from the interviews and literature review have been cross-compared to develop questionnaire instruments. Then, the survey questionnaire was carried out to 153 adopters and non-adopters of ICOFS in Johor, Malaysia to identify the key factors that influence the adoption of ICOFS.
Applications of this study: The study found that information and know-how and availability of skilled labor are the significant factors that encourage farmers to adopt ICOFS. On the other hand, government support and policy constraint and production and on-farm constraint are the significant constraints hindering the adoption of ICOFS.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Based on the findings of this study, one of the measures to increase the rate of adoption of ICOFS is by helping the farmers to hire extra labor and to have skills needed. Furthermore, the rate of ICOFS could also be increased by helping the farmers to have better control over weed, pests, and diseases on the farm as well as not interrupting their oil palm production. In addition, it is suggested to provide them with more opportunities for incentives, training, and technical support from the field officers. It is suggested for future research to explore the effect of factors affecting adoption and constraints to adoption on other attitudinal and psychological outcomes such as satisfaction, success, involvement, and degree of use.
THE NEWS VALUES IN THE JORDANIAN PRESS: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF AL RAI AND AL GHAD NEWSPAPERS
Authors: Al Adwan Muhammad Noor 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The study aims to identify the news values of the news published on the front pages of the Jordanian press. And also explore the news frameworks, trends, and the types of news that are published by the Jordanian press.
Methodology: Data were collected by conducting à content analysis of the two major Jordanian newspapers namely Al Rai and Al Ghad.
Main Findings: Results show that 64.3% of the contents of Al Rai newspaper reflects the attitudes of the individuals, coalitions and political parties of Jordan. On the contrary, only 35.7% of the content of Al Ghad newspaper reflects the same. The results further show that Al Ghad newspaper includes 60% of their news and reports on its front page compared to Al Rai’s 40%. Moreover, it is observed that Al Ghad newspaper enjoys more freedom with 60% neutrality in news publications than Al Rai newspaper which possesses 40% neutrality.
Application of Study: The current study can help to realize the judgments that journalists make when they select news.
Novelty/Originality: This examination attempts to investigate the most unmistakable news esteems on the front pages of Al Ghad and Al Rai papers just as recognize the contrasts between them as far as the kinds of the news, the sources, and the method for showing them.
A STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION IN THE KARBALA HEALTH DIRECTORATE
Authors: Abbood Bandar Mohsin , Kadhim Shamran Muntadher , AL-shammari Abeer M. Mahdi 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The study aims at identifying the relationship between employee engagement and job satisfaction in health institutions in Karbala city through a sample of health workers and administrators.
Methodology: To achieve this goal, the theoretical literature on the two variables was reviewed. In addition, 240 questionnaires were distributed in these institutions using a random selection method. Finally, SPSS was used to analyze in this study. The researchers relied statistically on a model which indicated the statistical equation against which the minimum sample size required to represent the community can be correctly determined (N> 50 + 8 (P)) (Natarajan, 2006: 42), and this means that the sample size should be greater than of the number of independent sub-variables in the value of the constant (8) plus even a fixed amount of (50) views.
Main Findings: The most significant consequences of the investigation are the enlistment techniques that guarantee the determination of the perfect individuals to work in occupations equivalent with their capabilities, and Ensuring the support of representatives in the structure of employment and dynamic procedure, just as interest in the improvement of clinical administrations.
Application of Study: Effective human resource management and optimal investment of skills and abilities that can lead to the growth and survival of Karbala's health organizations and institutions.
Novelty/Originality: This investigation attempts to investigate the most unmistakable news esteems on the front pages of Al Ghad and Al Rai papers just as recognize the contrasts between them regarding the sorts of the news, the sources, and the method of showing them.
EFFECT OF COVID-19 ON SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO ADOPT ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Garg Sunayana , Aggarwal Diwakar , Upadhyay Sushil Kumar , Kumar Gautam , Singh Gulbir 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of Study: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), deals with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has instantly spread worldwide, leading to an episode of intense irresistible pneumonia. The COVID-19 pandemic has created a phenomenal change in educational teaching-learning framework globally. Other than financial and social effects, there is a difficulty in adopting new online education systems by stakeholders of academic institutions.
Methodology: The review presented here is based on the platinum open access literature focusing on the adoption of the online education system during the current pandemic situation. This compilation of the findings is based on a systematic review published by the scholars of the relevant field of research targeted to opportunities and challenges in adopting ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and online teaching-learning pedagogy.
Main Findings: Specifically, school students need to deal with various sorts of ecological, electronic, and mental battles because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The whole education system from elementary to tertiary level has been imploded during the lockdown time of the COVID-19 in India and worldwide. The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has been delivered by the recently renamed Ministry of Education. The approach has given another face to the Online Education System in India.
Applications of this study: The finding of the current investigation is a portrayal of opportunities and challenges in receiving the online teaching-learning education system by the public and private educational institutions. It will help in the planning and development of strategies to handle the challenges and opportunities of e-learning during the current global epidemic.
Novelty of the study: The authors endeavored to address the web-based learning and teaching in the school training system in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The capacity of offered resources in academic organization effectively changed conventional education into online schooling with the help of virtual classes and other urgent online gadgets in this reliably moving instructive scene.
ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE EFFECT ON DEVIANT WORKPLACE BEHAVIORS: MODERATING ROLE OF MORAL DISENGAGEMENT
Authors: Sabokro Mehdi , Tavakoli Mehrdad , Malmiri Milad Mohebali 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: The present study aims to investigate the effect of organizational injustice on deviant work behaviors with the moderating role of moral disengagement.
Methodology: The population was the undergraduate students in the Faculty of Economics, Management, and Accounting at a university from which 117 students were selected through convenience sampling. The data was gathered through conducting experiments and a questionnaire developed by Albert Bandura (1996).
Results: The results show that the perception of organizational injustice has a positive and significant effect on deviant work behaviors and this relation is moderated by the moral disengagement intention.
Applications of this study: This study can be very effective in improving the level of organizational justice.
The novelty of the study: The novelty of this investigating the effect of organizational injustice on deviant work behaviors.
ПРОСЬЮМЕРСКИЕ ПРАКТИКИ В КОНТЕКСТЕ АКТОРНО-СЕТЕВОЙ ТЕОРИИ Б. ЛАТУРА
Authors: Гиниятова Елена Владимировна 
Published: January 2021

В современном гуманитарном дискурсе и концепция просьюмеризма, и акторно-сетевая теория Б. Латура не теряет своей остроты, поскольку оба эти феномена предлагают новый взгляд на социальное и место человека в нем. Так, благодаря акторно-сетевой теории, возникает понятие симметричной антропологии, а просьюмеризм, формирующийся как ответная реакция на субъекта общества потребления, предлагает альтернативу тотальному потреблению. В связи с этим цель статьи – попытка применения принципов акторно-сетевой теории к анализу современных просьюмерких практик (таких, как социальное предпринимательство) – представляется достаточно актуальной. Метод, который использовался для достижения обозначенной цели – сравнительно-аналитический. В результате было выявлено, что при рассмотрении просьюмерских практик с применением методологии акторно-сетевой теории, нивелируются ряд принципиальных положений, формирующих специфику такой разновидности просьюмеризма как, например, социальное предпринимательство.
INSTRUMEN TES HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILL PADA MATERI KIMIA SMA
Authors: Jayanti Etrie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract: According to demands of curriculum 2013, assessment carried out on school should have led to increasing of higher order thinking skill. The lack of availability of questions are specifically designed to develop student’s higher order thinking skill causes students are not really proficient in solving higher order thinking skill questions. This study was research and development research purposing to determine development steps and quality of higher order thinking skill test instrument in one of high schools chemistry topic, i.e. colloid. The process of developing a higher order thinking skill test instrument used a formative research designed by Tessmer through 4 stages, namely: preliminary, self-evaluation, prototyping (expert reviews, one-to-one and small group) and field test. The data were obtained from the results of filling out validation sheets by expert reviews, questionnaires filled out by students, and test/trial of higher order thinking skill test instrument on students. The results of the development were categorically valid logically and empirically. The reliability of the test instrument was 0,65 with the high category. The item’s difficulty level was in the medium category. Six questions had good distinguishing power and one question had enough distinguishing power. The higher order thinking skill of students were in excellent, good, adequate, lacking and very poor categories respectively: 15,14%; 12,12%; 42,42%; 24,24%; 6,06%.
PROFIL KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KREATIF CALON GURU KIMIA PADA PERKULIAHAN BIOKIMIA
Authors: Wahyudi Andi 
Published: January 2021

Critical thinking and creative thinking are important dimension in teaching of 21st century to facing the challenges of the industrial revolution 4.0. The aim of this research was to analyze undergraduate preservice teachers’ critical and creative thinking skills on a biochemistry course. It was conducted using case study to analyse real circumstance that happened in biochemistry course. The instruments was observation sheet, test items of critical thinking skills, test items of creative thinking skills and questionnaires were used to determine the responses students towards learning activity. Participant was 30 undergraduate preservice chemistry teachers in 2015. The finding of this research showed that biochemistry course only emphasizes on critical thinking skills and not provided briefing creative thinking skills. This means that the biochemistry course has not showed students’ balance skills on critical and creative thinking skills. This study suggest that need further research to develop a biochemistry program who can improve students’ critical thinking and creative thinking.