bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-period ground motion simulation using centroid moment tensor inversion solutions based on the regional three-dimensional model in the Kanto region, Japan
Authors: Takemura Shunsuke , Yoshimoto Kazuo , Shiomi Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We conducted centroid moment tensor (CMT) inversions of moderate (Mw 4.5–6.5) earthquakes in the Kanto region, Japan, using a local three-dimensional (3D) model. We then investigated the effects of our 3D CMT solutions on long-period ground motion simulations. Grid search CMT inversions were conducted using displacement seismograms for the periods of 25–100 s. By comparing our 3D CMT solutions with those from the local one-dimensional (1D) catalog, we found that our 3D CMT inversion systematically provides magnitudes smaller than those in the 1D catalog. The Mw differences between 3D and 1D catalogs tend to be significant for earthquakes within the oceanic slab. By comparing the ground motion simulations of the 1D and 3D velocity models, we confirmed that the observed Mw differences could be explained by the differences in the rigidity structures around the source regions in the two models. The 3D velocity structures (especially oceanic crust and mantle) are important for estimating seismic moments in intraslab earthquakes. The seismic moments directly affect the amplitudes of ground motions. Thus, 3D CMT solutions are essential for precise forward and inverse modeling of long-period ground motion. We also conducted long-period ground motion simulations using our 3D CMT solutions to evaluate the reproducibility of long-period ground motions at stations within the Kanto Basin. The simulations of our 3D CMT solutions well-reproduced observed ground motions for periods longer than 10 s, even at stations within the Kanto Basin. The reproducibility of simulations using our 3D CMT solutions was better than those based on the solutions in the 1D catalog.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Hiatal Hernia in Obese Patient in Routine Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Screening and Correlation with BMI
Authors: Assakran Bandar Saad , Alrakbi Khaled Mohammed , Alharbi Meshari Abdulrahman , Almatroudi Moath Abdullah , Alshowaiman Asim Nizar , Alromaih Abdullah Homood , Alharbi Basil Abdulrahman , Alaqil Naif Suliman , Alsoghayer Ali Saleh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
In obese patients, hiatus hernia (HH) can be asymptomatic or it may present with one or few symptoms such as heartburn, nausea, or vomiting. Routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the most frequent method to determine the presence of any abnormalities including hiatus hernia.
The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic hiatal hernia in obese patients in routine upper GI endoscopy assessment and correlation with BMI.

Methods
This was an observational retrospective cohort study conducted at King Fahad Specialist hospital - Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia. The data were extracted from the medical records and electronic charts of all obese patients who had preoperative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy assessment between January 2017 – December 2019. Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and were analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results
Among the 690 obese patients, the prevalence of HH was 103 yielding an overall percentage of 14.9%. Chi-square test revealed that the abdominal pain (X2=3.885; p=0.049), shortness of breath (X2=8.057; p=0.005), vomiting (X2=4.302; p=0.038), nausea (X2=4.090; p=0.043) and other HH symptoms (X2=3.897; p=0.048) significantly influenced HH but the BMI level did not (X2=2.126; p=0.345). In multivariate regression model, the use of PPI medication (AOR=0.237; CI=0.074 – 0.760; p=0.023), while vomiting (AOR=1.722; CI=1.025 – 2.890; p=0.040) and nausea (AOR=1.698; CI=1.012 – 2.849; p=0.045) significantly increased the risk of HH.

Conclusion
Asymptomatic HH among obese patients is not widely prevalent in our region. The use of PPI medications was found to decrease the symptoms associated with HH while symptoms such as vomiting and nausea increased the risk of HH. However, there was no evidence found linking BMI to HH as shown in this study.
Research on Image Recognition of Intangible Cultural Heritage Based on CNN and Wireless Network
Authors: Liu Enmao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The image of national costumes is the main way of presenting the digitalization of intangible cultural heritage and provides important resources for educational informatization. How to use modern information technology to efficiently retrieve images of national costumes has become a hot research topic. Due to the diverse styles and colorful colors of ethnic costumes, it is difficult to accurately describe and extract visual features. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes an image recognition model of intangible cultural heritage based on CNN and wireless network. First of all, the clothing images of ethnic settlements and ethnic museums are acquired through wireless network transmission, so as to construct an image material library of intangible cultural heritage. Secondly, the CNN algorithm is used to train and optimize the national costume image samples, extract the high-level semantic features of the national costume image, and finally realize the efficient retrieval of the national costume image educational resources. This model lays a good foundation for the informatization of national costumes and contributes to the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage.
Numerical prediction of sporadic E layer occurrence using GAIA
Authors: Shinagawa Hiroyuki , Tao Chihiro , Jin Hidekatsu , Miyoshi Yasunobu , Fujiwara Hitoshi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A sporadic E layer has significant influence on radio communications and broadcasting, and predicting the occurrence of sporadic E layers is one of the most important issues in space weather forecast. While sporadic E layer occurrence and the magnitude of the critical sporadic E frequency ( foEs ) have clear seasonal variations, significant day-to-day variations as well as regional and temporal variations also occur. Because of the highly complex behavior of sporadic E layers, the prediction of sporadic E layer occurrence has been one of the most difficult issues in space weather forecast. To explore the possibility of numerically predicting sporadic E layer occurrence, we employed the whole atmosphere–ionosphere coupled model GAIA, examining parameters related to the formation of sporadic E layer such as vertical ions velocities and vertical ion convergences at different altitudes between 90 km and 150 km. By comparing those parameters in GAIA with observed foEs data obtained by ionosonde observations in Japan, we found that variations in the vertical ion convergence at 120 km altitude agree fairly well with variations in foEs . This result suggests that sporadic E layer occurrence can be numerically predicted using the parameters derived from GAIA. We have recently developed a real-time GAIA simulation system that can predict atmosphere–ionosphere conditions for a few days ahead. We present an experimental prediction scheme and a preliminary result for predicting sporadic E layer occurrence.
Breast Cancer In Togolese Women: Immunohistochemistry Subtypes
Authors: ADANI-IFE Ablavi , AMEGBOR Koffi , DOH Kwamé , DARRE Tchin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Molecular classification of breast cancer is an important factor for prognostic and clinical outcomes. There are no data regarding molecular breast cancer subtypes among Togolese women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of ER, PR, HER2, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer receptors in Togolese patients and to establish the correlation between clinical and histological data and molecular types.Methods: Clinicopathologic data of patients were collected from clinical records. Immunohistochemistry biomarkers (ER, PR, and HER2) were assessed in patients who have been diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from March 2016 to March 2020 in the department of oncology. The analysis of variance and the Chi-square Test was used to analyze the data.Results: A total of 117 cases were collected. The mean age of patients was 52.05±12.38 with an age range of 30 to 85 years. Half of the patients were over 50 years old and the majority (70.9%) was postmenopausal. More than half of patients (52.1%) presented with T3-T4tumors.The most common histologic subtype of breast cancer was invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (95.7%). Tumors grade 2 were predominant (51.3%) followed by grade 3 (42.7%). Advanced carcinomas were found in 69 patients (59%). The percentage of ER+, PR+, and HER2 positive tumors was 54.7%, 41%, and 15.4% respectively. The predominant molecular subtype was Triple negative (37.6%), followed by Luminal A (30.8.7%), Luminal B subtype (23.9%), and HER2 enriched (7.7%). There was a significant association between stage and breast cancer subtypes (p 0.025), histologic grade, and subtype (p<0.0001) but no correlation was found with age, menopausal status, and tumor size.Conclusion: Breast carcinoma in our patients are high grade tumors and are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Triple negative and Luminal A are the two predominant breast cancer subtypes in Togolese women. Consequently, Receptor testing availability should be a priority to offer the best breast cancer treatment.
Cardiotoxicity associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective analysis of patients at an academic tertiary care center
Authors: Waheed Nida , Fradley Michael G. , DeRemer David , Mahmoud Ahmad , Shah Chintan P. , Langaee Taimour Y. , Lipori Gloria P. , March Keith , Pepine Carl J. , Cooper-DeHoff Rhonda M. , Wu Yonghui , Gong Yan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a novel class of anticancer agents that have demonstrated clinical response for both solid and hematological malignancies. ICIs are associated with development of immune-related adverse events including cardiotoxicity. We estimated the incidence of newly diagnosed cardiovascular disease ICI-related cardiotoxicity in patients treated with ICIs at a large, tertiary care center.

Methods

All patients with a cancer diagnosis who received any ICI treatment in the University of Florida’s Integrated Data Repository from 2011-2017 were included. Cardiovascular disease was defined as a new ICD diagnosis code for cardiomyopathy, heart failure, arrhythmia, heart block, pericardial disease, or myocarditis after initiation of ICI treatment.

Results

Of 102,701 patients with a diagnosis of malignancy, 424 patients received at least one ICI. Sixty-two (14.6%) patients were diagnosed with at least one new cardiovascular disease after initiation of ICI therapy. Of the 374 patients receiving one ICI, 21 (5.6%) developed heart failure. Of the 49 patients who received two ICIs sequentially, three (6.1%) developed heart failure and/or cardiomyopathy. Incident cardiovascular disease was diagnosed at a median of 63 days after initial ICI exposure. One patient developed myocarditis 28 days after receiving nivolumab. Mortality in ICI treated patients with a concomitant diagnosis of incident cardiovascular disease was higher compared to those who did not (66.1% vs. 41.4%, odds ratio = 2.77, 1.55-4.95, p = 0.0006).

Conclusions

This study suggests a high incidence of newly diagnosed cardiovascular disease after the initiation of ICI therapy.
Enzymatic activities and analysis of a mycelium-based composite formation using peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) residues on Lentinula edodes
Authors: de Lima Gabriel , Schoenherr Zaira , Magalhães Washington , Tavares Lorena , Helm Cristiane 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
By seeding fungus on top of industry residues, a mycelium can grow and form a compact network structure; however, it may not develop due to lack of optimal nutrients from the substrate. Consequently, peach palm residues can be a potential alternative; so, to test this hypothesis, this work evaluates the effect of peach palm residues as substrate for the growth of mycelium based on Lentinula edodes . They were also supplemented with cassava bran and various sources of nitrogen – ammonium sulphate, potassium nitrate and soy flour – in order to analyse its effects on its physico-chemical, enzymatic activities and thermal and mechanical properties of the final composite at 12 and 20 days of cultivation. This mycelium was able to grow at optimum source treatment conditions, that depends on the ratio of Carbon to Nitrogen, within only 12 days of inoculation. Furthermore, the enzyme activities directly correlate with the mycelium growth with optimum conditions of pH, water activity and moisture for L. edod es to grow having lower enzyme activities for a well-developed composite; whereas higher activities were seen for a weakly developed material. and this material demonstrate mechanical and thermal properties similar to common mycelium-based composites Therefore, this work demonstrates that peach palm residues can be a potential alternative for mycelium-based composite
External Validation Of The Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (sort) In 3305 Abdominal Surgery Patients In The Independent Sector In The United Kingdom
Authors: Oakland Kathryn , Cosentino Daria , Cross Timothy , Bucknall Cliff , Dorudi Sina , Walker David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

Assessing risk of post-surgical mortality is a key component of pre-surgical planning. The Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT) uses pre-operative variables to predict 30-day mortality. The aim of this study was to externally validate SORT in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Methods

Data were collected from patients treated in five Independent hospitals in the United Kingdom. Individualised SORT scores were calculated and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) and precision-recall curves (PRC) plus 95% confidence intervals (CI) were drawn to test the ability of SORT to identify in-hospital death. Outcomes of patients with a SORT predicted risk of mortality of ≥5% (high risk) were compared to those with a predicted risk of <5% (standard risk).

Results

The study population comprised 3305 patients, mean age 51 years, 2783 (84.2%) underwent elective surgery most frequently involving the colon (24.6%), or liver, pancreas or gallbladder (18.2%). Overall 1551 (46.9%) patients were admitted to ICU and 29 (0.88%) died. The AUROC of SORT for discriminating patients at risk of death was 0.899 (95% CI 0.849 to 0.949) and the PRC 0.247. In total 72 (2.18%) patients were stratified as high risk. There were more unplanned ICU admissions and deaths in this group compared to the standard risk group (25.0% and 3.3%, versus 3.1% and 0.5%, respectively).

Conclusion

We externally validated SORT in a large population of abdominal surgery patients. SORT performed well in patients with lower risk profiles, but some patients that were predicted to be standard risk did experience adverse outcomes.
Pattern of cortical thinning in logopenic progressive aphasia patients in Thailand
Authors: Thanprasertsuk Sekh , Likitjaroen Yuttachai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) is an uncommon neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by word-finding difficulties and sentence repetition impairment. Prominent cortical atrophy around left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) is a classical imaging feature of LPA. This study investigated cortical thinning pattern in clinically diagnosed LPA patients using non-demented subjects as a control group. We also aimed to explore whether there was prominent thinning of other cortical area additional to the well-recognized left TPJ.Methods: Thicknesses of all cortical regions were measured from brain magnetic resonance images using an automated command on Freesurfer software. Cortical thickness of the two groups were compared by two methods: 1) using a general linear model (GLM) in SPSS software; and 2) using a vertex-by-vertex GLM, performed with Freesurfer’s QDEC interface. Results: Besides the well-recognized left TPJ, cortical regions that were significantly thinner in the LPA group by both comparison methods included left caudal middle frontal gyri (CMFG) (p=0.006 by SPSS, p=0.0003 by QDEC), left rostral middle frontal gyrus (p=0.001 by SPSS, p=0.0001 by QDEC), left parahippocampal gyrus (p=0.008 by SPSS, p=0.005 by QDEC) and right CMFG (p=0.005 by SPSS, p=0.0001 by QDEC).Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that thinning of middle frontal gyri may be an additional feature in clinically diagnosed LPA patients. Involvement of left parahippocampal gyrus may reflect the underlying neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease in majority of the LPA patients.
Identification of a novel subpopulation of Caspase-4 positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients.
Authors: Terlizzi Michela , Colarusso Chiara , De Rosa Ilaria , Somma Pasquale , Curcio Carlo , Aquino Rita , Panico Luigi , Salvi Rosario , Marino Federica Zito , Botti Gerardo , Pinto Aldo , Sorrentino Rosalinda 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background . Therapy/prognosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients are strongly related to gene alteration/s or protein expression. However, more than 50% of NSCLC patients are negative to key drugable biomarkers.
Methods: We used human samples of NSCLC and mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma.
Results . We showed that caspase-4 was highly present in the tumor mass compared to non-cancerous human tissues. Interestingly, the orthologue murine caspase-11 promoted lung carcinogenesis in mice. Carcinogen-exposed caspase-11 knockout mice had lower tumor lesions than wild type mice, due to the relevance of caspase-11 in the structural lung cell as demonstrated by bone marrow transplantation and adoptive transfer experiments. Similarly to what observed in mice, caspase-4 was correlated to the stage of lung cancer in humans in that it induced cell proliferation in a K-Ras, c-MyC and IL-1α dependent manner. Caspase-4 positive adenocarcinoma (79,3%) and squamous carcinoma (88.2%) patients had lower median survival than patients who had lower levels of caspase-4. Moreover, PD-L1 expression and gene mutation (i.e. EGFR) were not correlated to caspase-4 expression. Instead, NSCLC patients who had K-Ras or c-MyC gene alteration were positively correlated to higher levels of caspase-4 and lower survival rate. Conclusions . We identified a subgroup of NSCLC patients as caspase-4 positive among which double and triple positive caspase-4, K-Ras and/or c-MyC patients which prognosis was poor. Because K-Ras and c-MyC are still undrugable, the identification of caspase-4 as a novel oncoprotein could introduce novelty in the clinical yet unmet needs for NSCLC patients.
The effectiveness of household water treatment and safe storage in improving drinking water quality: a disinfection by-product (DBP) perspective
Authors: Xiao Rong , Duan Youli , Chu Wenhai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Serving as the last barrier to secure drinking water safety, household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) is perceived as an interim measure for removing pathogens from drinking water and reducing disease risk. In recent years, the application of HWTS has shown a growing trend, and its performance in controlling chemicals has also received much attention. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed by the reaction of chemical disinfectants and precursors, and are present at sub-μg·L−1 or low-to-mid-μg·L−1 levels in drinking water. Although precursor control and disinfection operation modification could contribute to DBP mitigation to some degree, DBP removal after their formation emerges as an important strategy due to the ubiquitous existence of DBPs in distribution systems and tap water. In order to figure out how DBP concentrations vary during the residence time of drinking water in households, this review summarizes the effectiveness and mechanism of HWTS and combination technologies for DBP control in municipal tap water, and makes a comparison with regard to technologies implementing different removal mechanisms as well as DBPs possessing different natures. Based on these results, this article provides an insight into DBP risk assessment and human health protection.
Data-driven-based determination of influential parameters on local energy loss of slope-tapered culvert
Authors: Cai Xiaowen , Ye Feng , Nassaji Matin Ghazaleh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Local energy loss is among the essential parameters of culvert design, in which uncertainty and nonlinearity is controversial. In the present study, seven models were developed with the aid of the experimental data of slope-tapered culverts, and the efficiency of gene expression programing and Gaussian process regression as a kernel-based approach was assessed in predicting the entrance loss coefficient of a slope-tapered culvert. Also, one-at-a-time (OAT) sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the impact of input parameters. The results of both GEP and GPR methods with the performance criteria of R = 0.847, DC = 0.777, RMSE = 0.2 and R = 0.76, DC = 0.718, RMSE = 0.25 showed that the model with input parameters of Froude number (Fr), ratio of headwater to culvert diameter (Hw/D) and ratio of reducer length to barrel length (Lr/L) is the superior model. Although the accuracy of GEP method was slightly higher than GPR, obtained results proved the capability of the applied methods (i.e., high correlation coefficient (R) and coefficient of determination R2 (DC) and low RMSE). Furthermore, OAT sensitivity analysis revealed that Froude number has the most impact on local loss coefficient and could cause a significant increment in model efficiency.
Economic and environmental assessment of water reuse in industrial parks: case study based on a Model Industrial Park
Authors: Boysen Birte , Cristóbal Jorge , Hilbig Jens , Güldemund Almut , Schebek Liselotte , Rudolph Karl-Ulrich 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Industrial wastewater reuse is a major measure to mitigate the depletion of available freshwater resources in the catchments around industrial areas and to prevent possible future water shortages and the resulting problems for industry, economy and society. Combining a set of environmental aspects and economic aspects of different wastewater treatment technologies, the authors developed a model-based approach for planning and evaluating water reuse concepts in industrial parks. This paper is based on an exemplary Model Industrial Park. The results based on data primarily calculated for Germany show that, for the majority of the indicators, the installation of the Water Reuse Plant seems to be beneficial for all examined reuse options. Considering the economic dimension, due to economies of scale, reuse options with larger volumes of treated water are preferable since the costs per m3 of reuse water are reduced by up to 33%. On the other hand, the environmentally preferable option depends on the respective indicator, e.g. for freshwater eutrophication, the higher the reuse factor, the lower the impact, leading to reductions between 8 and 12%. For climate change, the best option is dependent on the reuse purpose leading to reductions between 8 and 52%.