bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerosol delivery during invasive mechanical ventilation: development of a preclinical ex vivo respiratory model for aerosol regional deposition
Authors: Montigaud Yoann , Georges Quentin , Pourchez Jérémie , Leclerc Lara , Goy Clémence , Clotagatide Anthony , Prevot Nathalie , Perinel-Ragey Sophie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn intensive care units, nebulization is a usual route for drug administration to patients under mechanical ventilation (MV). The effectiveness of inhalation devices as well as depositions sites of aerosols for ventilated patients remain poorly documented. In vivo human inhalation studies are scarce due to ethical restrictions because imaging techniques require radioaerosols to assess regional aerosol deposition. Thus, we developed an ex vivo respiratory model under invasive MV for preclinical aerosol deposition studies. The model was composed of ex vivo porcine respiratory tracts. MV was achieved thanks to a tracheal intubation and a medical ventilator under controlled conditions. Respiratory features were studied using analogical sensors. Then regional homogeneity of gas-ventilation was assessed with 81mKrypton scintigraphies. Finally, a proof of concept study for aerosol deposition was performed. Obtained respiratory features as well as gamma-imaging techniques, which demonstrated a homogenous regional ventilation and about 18% ± 4% of the nebulized dose deposited the respiratory tract, were in good agreement with human data available in the literature. This original ex vivo respiratory model provides a feasible, reproducible and cost-effective preclinical tool to achieve aerosol deposition studies under MV.
Mammalian spermatozoa and cumulus cells bind to a 3D model generated by recombinant zona pellucida protein-coated beads
Authors: Hamze Julieta Gabriela , Canha-Gouveia Analuce , Algarra Blanca , Gómez-Torres María José , Olivares María Concepción , Romar Raquel , Jiménez-Movilla María 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe egg is a spherical cell encapsulated by the zona pellucida (ZP) which forms a filamentous matrix composed of several glycoproteins that mediate gamete recognition at fertilization. Studies on molecular mechanisms of sperm-egg binding are limited in many mammalian species by the scarcity of eggs, by ethical concerns in harvesting eggs, and by the high cost of producing genetically modified animals. To address these limitations, we have reproduced a three-dimensional (3D) model mimicking the oocyte’s shape, by means of magnetic sepharose beads coated with recombinant ZP glycoproteins (BZP) and cumulus cells. Three preparations composed of either ZP2 (C and N-termini; BZP2), ZP3 (BZP3) or ZP4 (BZP4) were obtained and characterized by protein SDS-PAGE, immunoblot and imaging with confocal and electron microscopy. The functionality of the model was validated by adhesion of cumulus cells, the ability of the glycoprotein-beads to support spermatozoa binding and induce acrosome exocytosis. Thus, our findings document that ZP-beads provide a novel 3D tool to investigate the role of specific proteins on egg-sperm interactions becoming a relevant tool as a diagnostic predictor of mammalian sperm function once transferred to the industry.
Carrier Depletion near the Grain Boundary of a SiC Bicrystal
Authors: Kim Young-Wook , Tochigi Eita , Tatami Junichi , Kim Yong-Hyeon , Jang Seung Hoon , Javvaji Srivani , Jung Jeil , Kim Kwang Joo , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) bicrystals were prepared by diffusion bonding, and their grain boundary was observed using scanning transmission electron microscopy. The n-type electrical conductivity of a SiC single crystal was confirmed by scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (SNDM). Dopant profiling of the sample by SNDM showed that the interface acted as an electrical insulator with a ~2-μm-thick carrier depletion layer. The carrier depletion layer contained a higher number of oxygen impurities than the bulk crystals due to the incorporation of oxygen from the native oxide film during diffusion bonding. Density functional theory calculations of the density of states as a function of the bandgap also supported these findings. The existence of a carrier depletion layer was also confirmed in a p-type polycrystalline SiC ceramic. These results suggest that the electrical conductivity of SiC ceramics was mostly affected by carrier depletion near the grain boundary rather than the grain boundary itself.
Efficacy and safety of boric acid as a preventive treatment against Saprolegnia infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Ali Shimaa E. , Gamil Amr A. A. , Skaar Ida , Evensen Øystein , Charo-Karisa Harrison 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSaprolegniosis is a worldwide fungal-like infection affecting freshwater fishes and their eggs. Reports show high mortalities and subsequent economic losses annually fromSaprolegniainfections. Most therapeutants againstSaprolegnia spp. infections are inefficient and some have negative impact on the environment. In this study, we have investigated the ability of boric acid (BA) to preventSaprolegniainfection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). BA inhibited radial growth ofSaprolegniahyphaein vitro. Completein vitrogrowth inhibition was found at a concentration of ≥0.6 g/L. Inhibitory effects were also observedin vivowhen Nile tilapia were experimentally challenged withSaprolegniaspores and followed over 10 days post challenge and under continuous exposure to different BA concentrations. No signs of saprolegniosis were observed in fish treated with BA at concentrations of 0.4 g/L and above. Comet assay revealed that BA has low toxicity in tilapia continuously exposed to concentrations of 0.2–0.6 g/L for 96 h. Additionally, no significant histomorphological changes were observed in BA-treated fish compared to non-treated controls. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) enzyme levels indicated reduction in systemic tissue damage associated withSaprolegniainfection. This study demonstrates the potential of BA as a prophylactic measure againstSaprolegniainfection in tilapia, and we recommend additional studies on environmental impact.
Effect of tumor necrosis factor inhibition on spinal inflammation and spinal ankylosis in SKG mice
Authors: Lim Doo-Ho , Lee Eun-Ju , Kwon Oh Chan , Hong Seokchan , Lee Chang-Keun , Yoo Bin , Youn Jeehee , Kim Tae-Hwan , Kim Yong-Gil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo prevent spinal progression in ankylosing spondylitis, initiating TNF-inhibitor treatment as early as possible is suggested. However, the outcomes are inconsistent in previous clinical studies. Here, we investigated the effect of TNF inhibition alone on spinal progression when used during arthritis development in a murine model. We injected 8-week-old SKG mice with curdlan (curdlan group). We injected adalimumab at 3 and 9 weeks after the first curdlan injection (ADA group). The clinical scores of peripheral arthritis decreased in the ADA group at 3 weeks after first adalimumab injection. Using positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging and histologic examination, spinal inflammation was observed in the curdlan group, and was significantly deceased in the ADA group. However, spinal osteoblast activities by imaging using OsteoSense 680 EX and bone metabolism-related cytokines such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand, osteoprotegerin, Dickkopf-1, and sclerostin levels except IL-17A level were not different between the two groups. We conclude that treating TNF inhibitor alone reduced peripheral arthritis score and spinal inflammation in curdlan-injected SKG mice but did not decrease the spinal osteoblast activity, suggesting little effect on spinal ankylosis.
Simple and economical biosensors for distinguishing Agrobacterium-mediated plant galls from nematode-mediated root knots
Authors: Choi Okhee , Bae Juyoung , Kang Byeongsam , Lee Yeyeong , Kim Seunghoe , Fuqua Clay , Kim Jinwoo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAgrobacterium-mediated plant galls are often misdiagnosed as nematode-mediated knots, even by experts, because the gall symptoms in both conditions are very similar. In the present study, we developed biosensor strains based on agrobacterial opine metabolism that easily and simply diagnosesAgrobacterium-induced root galls. Our biosensor consists ofAgrobacteriummannitol (ABM) agar medium, X-gal, and a biosensor. The working principle of the biosensor is that exogenous nopaline produced by plant root galls binds to NocR, resulting in NocR/nopaline complexes that bind to the promoter of the nopaline oxidase gene (nox) operon and activate the transcription ofnoxB-lacZY, resulting in readily visualized blue pigmentation on ABM agar medium supplemented with X-gal (ABMX-gal). Similarly, exogenous octopine binds to OccR, resulting in OoxR/octopine complexes that bind to the promoter of the octopine oxidase gene (oox) operon and activate the transcription ofooxB-lacZY, resulting in blue pigmentation in the presence of X-gal. Our biosensor is successfully senses opines produced byAgrobacterium-infected plant galls, and can be applied to easily distinguishAgrobacteriumcrown gall disease from nematode disease.
Bacterial DNA induces the formation of heat-resistant disease-associated proteins in human plasma
Authors: Tetz Victor , Tetz George 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOur study demonstrated for the first time that bacterial extracellular DNA (eDNA) can change the thermal behavior of specific human plasma proteins, leading to an elevation of the heat-resistant protein fraction, as well as to de novo acquisition of heat-resistance. In fact, the majority of these proteins were not known to be heat-resistant nor do they possess any prion-like domain. Proteins found to become heat-resistant following DNA exposure were named “Tetz-proteins”. Interestingly, plasma proteins that become heat-resistant following treatment with bacterial eDNA are known to be associated with cancer. In pancreatic cancer, the proportion of proteins exhibiting eDNA-induced changes in thermal behavior was found to be particularly elevated. Therefore, we analyzed the heat-resistant proteome in the plasma of healthy subjects and in patients with pancreatic cancer and found that exposure to bacterial eDNA made the proteome of healthy subjects more similar to that of cancer patients. These findings open a discussion on the possible novel role of eDNA in disease development following its interaction with specific proteins, including those involved in multifactorial diseases such as cancer.
Structure of a massive common envelope in the common-envelope wind model for Type Ia supernovae
Authors: Song Ren , Meng Xiangcun , Podsiadlowski Philipp , Cui Yingzhen 
Published: November 2019

Context. Although Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are important in many astrophysical fields, the nature of their progenitors is still unclear. A new version of the single-degenerate model has been developed recently, the common-envelope wind (CEW) model, in which the binary is enshrouded in a common envelope (CE) during the main accretion phase. This model is still in development and has a number of open issues, for example what is the exact appearance of such a system during the CE phase?
Aims. In this paper we investigate this question for a system with a massive CE.
Methods. We use a thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TPAGB) star with a CO core of 0.976 M⊙ and an envelope of 0.6 M⊙ to represent the binary system. The effects of the companion’s gravity and the rotation of the CE are mimicked by modifying the gravitational constant. The energy input from the friction between the binary and the CE is taken into account by an extra heating source.
Results. For a thick envelope, the modified TPAGB star looks similar to a canonical TPAGB star but with a smaller radius, a higher effective temperature, and a higher surface luminosity. This is primarily caused by the effect of the companion’s gravity, which is the dominant factor in changing the envelope structure. The mixing length at the position of the companion can be larger than the local radius, implying a breakdown of mixing-length theory and suggesting the need for more turbulence in this region. The modified TPAGB star is more stable than the canonical TPAGB star and the CE density around the companion is significantly higher than that assumed in the original CEW model.
Conclusions. Future work will require the modelling of systems with lower envelope masses and the inclusion of hydrodynamical effects during the CE phase.
Unsupervised star, galaxy, QSO classification
Authors: Logan C. H. A. , Fotopoulou S. 
Published: November 2019

Context. Classification will be an important first step for upcoming surveys aimed at detecting billions of new sources, such as LSST and Euclid, as well as DESI, 4MOST, and MOONS. The application of traditional methods of model fitting and colour-colour selections will face significant computational constraints, while machine-learning methods offer a viable approach to tackle datasets of that volume.
Aims. While supervised learning methods can prove very useful for classification tasks, the creation of representative and accurate training sets is a task that consumes a great deal of resources and time. We present a viable alternative using an unsupervised machine learning method to separate stars, galaxies and QSOs using photometric data.
Methods. The heart of our work uses Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) to find the star, galaxy, and QSO clusters in a multidimensional colour space. We optimized the hyperparameters and input attributes of three separate HDBSCAN runs, each to select a particular object class and, thus, treat the output of each separate run as a binary classifier. We subsequently consolidated the output to give our final classifications, optimized on the basis of their F1 scores. We explored the use of Random Forest and PCA as part of the pre-processing stage for feature selection and dimensionality reduction.
Results. Using our dataset of ∼50 000 spectroscopically labelled objects we obtain F1 scores of 98.9, 98.9, and 93.13 respectively for star, galaxy, and QSO selection using our unsupervised learning method. We find that careful attribute selection is a vital part of accurate classification with HDBSCAN. We applied our classification to a subset of the SDSS spectroscopic catalogue and demonstrated the potential of our approach in correcting misclassified spectra useful for DESI and 4MOST. Finally, we created a multiwavelength catalogue of 2.7 million sources using the KiDS, VIKING, and ALLWISE surveys and published corresponding classifications and photometric redshifts.
L’intelligence artificielle et Invisalign : mythes et réalités
Authors: Chazalon Jean-François 
Published: November 2019

L’intelligence artificielle ou IA est omniprésente.
Nous la retrouvons à chaque moment de notre vie quand nous utilisons Google, Facebook ou même quand nous faisons une réservation. Et cela même sans que nous en soyons conscient.
Notre pratique orthodontique n’y fait pas exception et plus particulièrement avec Invisalign, une des premières sociétés orthodontiques ayant utilisé le numérique.
Dans cet article, nous ferons la part de l’IA dans les différents produits et logiciels développés par Invisalign.
Entwicklung eines kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs Nuklearmedizin für das Studium der Humanmedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Marienhagen Jörg , Brenner Winfried , Buck Andreas , Franzius Christiane , Freudenberg Lutz S. , Gotthardt Martin , Lindner Oliver , Mottaghy Felix M. , Hellwig Dirk 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungUmsetzung der Vorgaben des Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs Medizin (NKLM, 2015) für ein Curriculum Nuklearmedizin im Auftrag des Ausschusses Fort- und Weiterbildung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin (DGN).
Methoden 100 Lernziele (LZ) in 7 Domänen wurden in einem Delphi-Verfahren unter Einbeziehung aller habilitierten Mitglieder der DGN als Experten durch einen Fragebogen einer Priorisierung in 3 Kategorien (A, B und C) unterzogen. Kategorie A definierte für die jeden Arzt unerlässlichen LZ. Die Priorisierung erfolgte durch Rangbildung nach dem Anteil der A-Klassifikationen. Eine LZ-Liste mit den Rangplätzen 1 – 5 in jeder Domäne wurde in der 2. Stufe des Delphi-Verfahrens den Experten der ersten Runde als Kern-Curriculum mit der Frage nach Akzeptanz bzw. Modifikationen vorgelegt.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse der 1. Stufe des Delphi-Verfahrens zeigte einen Rücklauf der Fragebögen von 29 % (55 von 184). Die 2. Runde erbrachte einen Rücklauf von 30,9 % (57 von 184) und eine uneingeschränkte Akzeptanz der vorgeschlagenen LZ in allen LZ-Domänen bei im Median 72 % der befragten Experten (61 %–81 %). Die vorliegende Endfassung enthält 37 kompetenzbasierte LZ in den LZ-Domänen „Gesetzliche Grundlagen und Strahlenschutz“, „naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen“, Indikationen und Kontraindikationen zu „PET/CT“, „Szintigraphie und SPECT“, „Patientenvorbereitung“, „Befundanalyse und -interpretation“ sowie „Therapie“.
Ausblick Der kompetenzbasierte LZ-Katalog Nuklearmedizin beschreibt die Kenntnisse und Kompetenzen, über die jeder Arzt am Ende seines Studiums verfügen sollte. Der LZ-Katalog ist ein lebendes Dokument, das fortlaufend an den Fortschritt der medizinischen und technologischen Entwicklung angepasst werden muss.
The Effects of a Fixed Combination of Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum on Dyslipidaemia – A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Tóth Barbara , Németh Dávid , Soós Alexandra , Hegyi Péter , Pham-Dobor Gréta , Varga Orsolya , Varga Viktória , Kiss Tivadar , Sarlós Patrícia , Erőss Bálint , Csupor Dezső 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA fixed combination of Berberis aristata and Silybum marianum (Berberol) has been used by patients with dyslipidaemia. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of B. aristata and S. marianum (Berberol) on serum lipid levels compared to placebo in a meta-analysis based on randomised, controlled trials. The meta-analysis was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, using the PICO (patients, intervention, comparison, outcome) format, and it was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies. Placebo-controlled clinical studies involving adult patients with a condition of dyslipidaemia and receiving a fixed combination of B. aristata and S. marianum were included. Four randomised trials, including a total of 491 patients, were pooled in statistical analysis. According to the present meta-analysis, Berberol significantly lowered the low-density lipoprotein level, total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose levels, and the Homeostatic Model Assessment index compared to placebo; however, its effects on the high-density lipoprotein level, triglyceride level, and body mass index were not statistically significant by the end of a 3-month treatment period. Berberol appeared to be safe, and it did not increase the levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and creatine kinase enzymes. Berberol is an effective and presumably safe complementary therapy for the treatment of dyslipidaemia; however, the evidence supporting its use is very limited. The optimum dose and duration of treatment are unclear. A comprehensive evaluation of efficacy and safety is required in further high-quality clinical studies involving larger patient populations.
The Role of External Fixation in Trauma and Reconstruction of the Mandible in the Age of Rigid Fixation
Authors: Kazi Aasif A. , Lee Thomas S. , Vincent Aurora , Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Sheen Derek , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInternal rigid fixation is the gold-standard treatment for facial fractures, but there are some specific cases that are more amenable to external fixation (ex-fix) application. Herein, we discuss advantages and disadvantages to ex-fix in the modern treatment of comminuted mandible fractures, infected mandible fractures, fractures of the condylar region, oncologic mandibular resection, pediatric mandible fractures, and fractures in the edentulous patient.
Fractures of the Mandibular Condyle
Authors: Vincent Aurora G. , Ducic Yadranko , Kellman Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere exists no consensus “gold standard” treatment for condylar fractures, and there is continued debate on whether condylar fractures should undergo surgical or conservative management. Herein, we review various techniques of conservative, closed, and open surgical treatments of condylar fractures. Also, we review complications associated with each treatment modality and compare and contrast closed and open management. Standardization of fracture classification schemes and treatment modalities is needed to elucidate the best course of action for each patient and each fracture.
Management of Frontal Sinus Fractures
Authors: Vincent Aurora , Wang Weitao , Shokri Tom , Gordon Eli , Inman Jared C. , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFractures of the frontal sinus occur from extreme forces and are often associated with other injuries. Management of frontal sinus fractures is variable and dependent on involvement of the anterior table, posterior table, and frontal outflow tract. Severe complications can developed from poorly managed fractures, such as meningitis, mucocele, mucopyocele, and brain abscess. Surgeons should be aware of appropriate management and surgical techniques for addressing frontal sinus fractures. Herein, we review the presentation and management of frontal sinus fractures, including conservative, endoscopic, and open surgical techniques.
Management of Facial Scars
Authors: Vincent Aurora G. , Kadakia Sangati , Barker Jerry , Mourad Moustafa , Saman Masoud , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractScarring is a natural process of healing after damage to the skin that extends to the reticular dermis. While some scars may be socially acceptable, even admirable, scars of the face can be viewed as disfiguring or ugly. Minimizing the appearance of facial scars and optimizing their cosmetic outcome ideally begin before surgery or, in the cause of trauma, at the initial reconstruction. Even when there has been poor initial healing, a scar's appearance can be improved. Herein, we review conservative, medical, and surgical therapies to improve the appearance of facial scars.
2.6 Dual Catalysis with Two or More Biocatalysts
Authors: Parmeggiani F. , Galman J. L. , Montgomery S. L. , Turner N. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe remarkable activity, selectivity, and stability of many commercially available or easily prepared biocatalysts, along with their simple operative conditions and the intrinsic “greenness” of biocatalytic processes, have all contributed to a rapidly accelerating expansion of the research area dedicated to the design and development of one-pot multistep synthetic approaches involving two or more enzymes and/or microbial cells. A brief survey of the literature is presented, focusing mainly on efficient protocols that are generally applicable to a broad range of substrates and relevant to the synthesis of small, often chiral, organic molecules as synthons for the pharmaceutical and fine-chemical industries.