bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Journey of Coronaviruses from Sporadic Outbreaks to COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Nagarajan Perumal 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The world is presently experiencing the devastating pandemic by a coronavirus
that compelled the whole research communities to relook the epidemiology of these viruses, particularly
their evolution and transmission in the milieu of the human-animal interface.

Methods:
The data from various databases like Science Direct, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, and Nature
has been referred to classify the virus, its epidemiology, zoonotic potential, and its host determinants.
The literature survey started when COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by the WHO.

Results and Conclusion:
In this review article, we discuss the paradigm of coronaviruses as a new
emerging zoonotic disease. We also examine the zoonotic concerns of these viruses in the setting of
interspecies transmission and their consequences. These critical findings might be helpful for researchers
to understand the mechanism of these viruses and the diseases they caused.
Structure, Transmission, Diagnostic Symptoms, Host and Entry Mechanism of COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Swapnil Prashant , Meena Mukesh , Barupal Tansukh , Sompura Yashwant , Hada Deepa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract:
In Wuhan, China, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
been reported and caused coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The coronavirus infection is pathogenic
and highly transmittable and spread quickly around the world by the human to human contact.
Through genomic analysis, it has been revealed that the primary reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 is bats due
to having severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) viruses phylogenetically. The viral infection
is rapidly transmitted by the human to human contact, but the intermediate source of their origin
and transfer is not known. To date, any clinically approved vaccine or antiviral drug has not been
prepared against COVID-19. However, researchers and scientists have evaluated some broad-spectrum
antiviral drugs against COVID-19 through clinical trials and they have found satisfactory clinical recovery.
This review summarizes the comparative analysis of the emergence and pathogenicity of
COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East respiratory
syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). This review is also focused on the development of effective vaccines
or antidrug and also provides details related to an approach to practice therapeutic combinations
to fight against this viral outbreak.
AS DIMENSÕES DA OFERTA... - Sistemas de transmissão e a transmissão a longa distância: conceitos básicos
Authors: VIAN ÂNGELO 
Published: November 2020

O trabalho aborda, em termos gerais, os sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica em vários de seus aspectos mais importantes, sob os pontos de vista técnico e econômico. Relativamente a este último, procura-se dar um panorama amplo do problema, considerando-se sempre duas alternativas de geração de energia elétrica: localmente, junto aos centros de consumo, ou remotamente, onde se verifica a existência de recursos energéticos exploráveis a baixo custo. Sem se aprofundar em nenhum dos tópicos abordados, oferece-se uma visão geral sobre a estrutura de um sistema elétrico de potência, sobre sistemas elétricos isolados e interligados e sobre alguns aspectos operativos de uma rede elétrica. Também são abordados os tipos básicos de transmissão (em corrente alternada e em contínua). Um enfoque especial é dado à transmissão a distâncias extremamente longas (acima de 1000 km), aqui designada por "muito longa distância", associados de interesses, exemplos envolvendo o sistema elétrico nacional brasileiro são mencionados.
A GESTÃO DO SETOR... Setor de energia elétrica: alternativas ao modelo de atuação atual
Authors: Bhering Mário Penna 
Published: November 2020

O atual modelo do setor ae energia elétrica foi concebido em uma fase marcada pela precariedade dos serviços, com problemas freqüentes no atendimento do mercado consumidor. A existência de potencial hídrico abundante, com aproveitamentos baratos, porém intensivos em capital e de longa maturação e a ausência de um mercado financeiro privado capaz de atender as necessidades de recursos, levaram o Governo a assumir o encargo de promover a expansão do sistema e adequá-lo 'às exigências do processo de crescimento econômico.Do ponto de vista organizacional, o Governo Federal responsabilizou-se peloplanejamento setorial e pela execução das obras de geração e transmissão, através do Grupo ELETROBRÁS,enquantoque os governos estaduais constituíram empresas dedicadas principalmente à distribuição da energia elétrica. Essas empresas, através de fusões e absorção de pequenas concessionárias locais, são hoje, de um modo geral, responsáveis pela distribuição no âmbito dos respectivos Estados.
A CAPACITACÃO ECONOMICO-FINANCEIRA...Equilíbrio econômico-financeiro do Setor Elétrico: proposta para equacionamento
Authors: Araújo Luiz Eyer de 
Published: November 2020

garantia do equilíbrio econômico-financeiro dos concessionários de serviços públicos de energia elétrica, é a contrapartida natural das obrigações decorrentes do regime de concessão e da organização do setor elétrico em unidades produtivas com características empresariais. , portanto, objeto de preceito constitucional e de regulamentação através de legislação específica. Os concessionários, através da venda de seus serviços, devem ser capazes de cobrir os custos operacionais, reconhecidos pelo poder concedente, pagar as despesas financeiras e gerar um excedente que permita remunerar o capital Próprio e garantir o autofinanciamento necessário à expansão equilibrada. 0 quadro institucional do setor elétrico torna esse contexto mais complexo, pela existência de adicionais tarifários (imposto único-e empréstimo compulsório) e transferências intra-setor ia is, cujo objetivo original é reforçar 85 condlçSes de expansão auto-sustentada.
0 SETOR ELÉTRICO E SUAS RELAÇÕES. A exportação de serviços pelas empresas do Setor Elétrico
Authors: Motta Sérgio S. G. 
Published: November 2020

No presente trabalho a expressão "setor elétrico " deve ser entendida sob sua concepção mais ampla, que engloba as concessionárias de serviços públicos de eletricidade e também as empresas que para elas trabalham, fornecendo serviços e equipamentos. Tal como sucedeu com outros setores importantes do Brasil, o setor elétrico teve como marco inicial de sua dinamização e modernização a p o lítica de substituição de importações encetada pelo Governo Federal na década de 50. No caso particular, a "substituição de importações" não se verificou no âmbito do produto final, uma vez que uma das características da eletricidade reside no fato de que, ao contrário da maioria dos produtos industriais, deve ser consumida à medida que é produzida (ou vice-versa), o que impede seu armazenamento. Desta forma, à exceção de algumas trocas nas regiões fronteiriças, que só agora começam a ganhar importância, a energia elétrica consumida no Brasil sempre foi produzida no próprio país. A substituição fez-se, portanto, no âmbito dos insumos tecnológicos necessários à produção e transporte da energia elétrica: engenharia de projeto e de construção; projeto, fabricação e montagem de equipamentos. Como resultado, o setor elétrico brasileiro teve oportunidade de firmar-se no campo da "substituição de importações "de forma mais ampla e rápida que vários outros setores. Mesmo assim cabe diferenciar a evolução do setor "equipamentos " e do setor "serviços".
A cruzada da desburocratização no Brasil do cruzado
Authors: França Célio 
Published: November 2020

Poucas ideias, neste País, terão sido tão rápida e unanimemente assimiladas pela sociedade quanto a Desburocratização. Desde sua criação, em 1979, o Programa tornou-se uma reivindicação popular. A opinião pública tomou como sua a iniciativa de criação tem participado ativamente do processo e reconhecido no Programa um canal importante de acesso e de intervenção junto ao próprio Governo. Aproximou o Governo do Povo.
Universal Patient Identifier and Interoperability for Detection of Serious Drug Interactions: Retrospective Study
Authors: Sragow Howard Michael , Bidell Eileen , Mager Douglas , Grannis Shaun 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe United States, unlike other high-income countries, currently has no national unique patient identifier to facilitate health information exchange. Because of security and privacy concerns, Congress, in 1998, prevented the government from promulgating a unique patient identifier. The Health and Human Services funding bill that was enacted in 2019 requires that Health and Human Services report their recommendations on patient identification to Congress. While there are anecdotes of incomplete health care data due to patient misidentification, to date there have been insufficient large-scale analyses measuring improvements to patient care that a unique patient identifier might provide. This lack of measurement has made it difficult for policymakers to balance security and privacy concerns against the value of potential improvements.ObjectiveWe sought to determine the frequency of serious drug-drug interaction alerts discovered because a pharmacy benefits manager uses a universal patient identifier and estimate undiscovered serious drug-drug interactions because pharmacy benefit managers do not yet fully share patient records.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of serious drug-drug interaction alerts provided from September 1, 2016 to August 31, 2019 to retail pharmacies by a national pharmacy benefit manager that uses a unique patient identifier. We compared each alert to the contributing prescription and determined whether the unique patient identifier was necessary in order to identify the crossover alert. We classified each alert’s disposition as override, abandonment, or replacement. Using the crossover alert rate and sample population size, we inferred a rate of missing serious drug-drug interaction alerts for the United States. We performed logistic regression in order to identify factors correlated with crossover and alert outcomes.ResultsAmong a population of 49.7 million patients, 242,646 serious drug-drug interaction alerts occurred in 3 years. Of these, 2388 (1.0%) crossed insurance and were discovered because the pharmacy benefit manager used a unique patient identifier. We estimate that up to 10% of serious drug-drug alerts in the United States go undetected by pharmacy benefit managers because of unexchanged information or pharmacy benefit managers that do not use a unique patient identifier. These information gaps may contribute, annually, to up to 6000 patients in the United States receiving a contraindicated medication.ConclusionsComprehensive patient identification across disparate data sources can help protect patients from serious drug-drug interactions. To better safeguard patients, providers should (1) adopt a comprehensive patient identification strategy and (2) share patient prescription history to improve clinical decision support.
Rolling Resistance of a Nonpneumatic Tire Having a Porous Elastomer Composite Shear Band
Authors: Ju Jaehyung , Veeramurthy Mallikarjun , Summers Joshua D. , Thompson Lonny 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The shear band is the critical component of a nonpneumatic tire (NPT) when determining the rolling resistance resulting from the elastomer's shear friction. In an effort to reduce the rolling resistance of an NPT, a shear band made of a porous, fiber-reinforced elastomer is explored. The porous shear band is designed to have the same effective shear modulus as the shear modulus of a continuous shear band. The originality of the study in this article is in the design of a flexible, porous solid for fuel efficiency of a tire structure by including a low viscoelastic energy loss material—a carbon fiber that partially replaces the volume of high viscoelastic energy loss material—polyurethane. To make the NPT structure remain flexible, porous volumes were included. Finite element (FE)–based numerical experiments with ABAQUS were conducted to quantify the reduced energy loss of an NPT using hyperelastic and viscoelastic material models. Load carrying capacity of the NPT with the designed porous shear band is also discussed.
Microtexture Road Profiling System Using Photometric Stereo
Authors: Li Boren , Furukawa Tomonari 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the design and development of a stationary microtexture road profiling system using the photometric stereo (PS) technique. The structure of the developed system is simple, mainly consisting of a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera with a macro lens and multiple light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The camera with the lens is oriented perpendicularly to the pavement texture and takes images each with a different LED turned on at a time. With the pavement texture images with diverse shadings, the PS technique is applied by inverting the image-forming process locally (pixel-wise) to associate the measured image intensities with the known lighting directions to estimate the gradients for each pixel-corresponding surface patch of the pavement texture. Surface normal integration (SNI) is then employed to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) road surface in the microtexture scale. The PS-based system has several intrinsic advantages. First, it could achieve high accuracy for surfaces with most diffuse reflection. Second, the measurement speed is fast because of its area-scanning nature. Third, the spatial resolution is high because of the usage of a high-resolution complementary metal-oxide semiconductor DSLR camera. In addition, it can be less sensitive to effects from specularities and shadows compared with most optical-based methods, since images captured under diverse lighting directions in PS provide more cues for detection purposes. Last but not least, the hardware of the system can be made compact at low cost because of its simple structure and can be adapted for direct measurement on the pavement. Parametric studies for the Lambertian-based PS technique were first investigated analytically and numerically, and these investigations yielded the design of the system having eight LEDs with the same zenith angle of 30 degrees and uniformly distributed azimuth angles in 360 degrees. Several experimental results on various types of surfaces have demonstrated that the developed system could achieve the accuracy in the order of 10 microns.
Human rights in sport: interaction of international legal and сorporate standards
Authors: Zakharova L. I. 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION. In some areas of international sports regulation, it is lex sportiva (for example, the establishment of rules for sports competitions) or the law created by the State / States (for example, the fight against crime in sports) that plays a dominant role. In a number of areas, international sports law and lex sportiva exercise regulatory impact simultaneously. The purpose of the article is to examine how these two sets of regulations contribute to the observance of human rights in sport. The author's three goals were to analyze the process of interference of regulatory efforts based on examples of prohibiting discrimination, using lex mitior, and countering doping in sports.MATERIALS AND METHODS. In each case, the author listed the applicable international legal acts and acts of lex sportivа, studied the domestic and foreign doctrine, used the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS).The author utilised such general scientific methods as the substratum (content), structural and system approaches. The comparative and hermeneutical approaches should be named as specific scientific methods that were used.RESEARCH RESULTS. Th author characterised the content of the international legal and corporate standards that have been formed in the spheres of prohibiting discrimination, using lex mitior, and countering doping. As a result of their comparison, she comes to the following conclusions: international law and lex sportiva are unanimous in their intent to eliminate discrimination in sports; lex sportiva seeks to apply the legal standard of lex mitior; in the field of anti-doping, a number of inconsistencies have been identified between international legal and corporate standards recognized by lex sportiva.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The prohibition of discrimination is an example of harmonization, as a result of which the requirements of international sports law and lex sportiva complement and strengthen each other. The second case is an example of the successful reception by lex sportiva of the legal concept of lex mitior, which is well-known to national and international law. When countering doping at the present stage, it is lex sportiva that dominates, and the failure to fully comply with the requirements of "due process" and, in particular, with the presumption of innocence in respect of professional athletes is a cause of concern to the academic community and the ECtHR.
The Effect of Digital Talent on Individual Innovation Behavior, Skills of Revolution Industry 4.0 as Mediator Variables
Authors: Nofrita Riri , Kamil Insannul , Jonrinaldi Jonrinaldi , Yuliandra Berry , Halim Irsyadul 
Published: November 2020

In the face of the Revolution industry 4.0, global connection, artificial intelligence, and automation have disrupted technology. This made the industrial world's development in work competition, not linear and even created new jobs. Digital talent and innovation are needed to face the world of work. This study discusses the construct effect between digital talent, individual innovation behavior, and Skills Revolution Industry 4.0, and the effect of Skills Revolution Industry 4.0) as a mediator to digital talent constructs' relationship. Data collection is obtained directly (face to face). Samples were previously clustered by sampling technique. Questionnaires use the Likert Scale. Then, the data gotten were processed by SEM-PLS with Software 3.8.2. The result showed that digital talent has a positive effect on individual innovation behavior. This meant that skill of revolution industry 4.0 as a construct mediator was successful. The stronger digital talent influences, the stronger individual innovation behavior influences, and it is accelerated with revolution industry skills 4. This study proposes a model to build mastery of digital talent and individual innovation behavior of Universitas Andalas students through the mastery of skills of revolution 4.0 as a mediator. This research can pave the way to improve students' readiness in facing the world of revolution 4.0, one of which is in the field of digital innovation.
A Hybrid Simulation Study to Determine an Optimal Maintenance Strategy
Authors: Mulyana Ig. Jaka , Gunawan Ivan , Angelia Yunia Vera , Trihastuti Dian 
Published: November 2020

With the increasing complexity of the process industry, having excellent maintenance management is essential for manufacturing industries. Various parts that interact and interdependent with each other make a well-planned maintenance strategy is one of the major challenges facing by industry. The whole system could be interrupted just simply because of the failure of a component. Therefore, a review of a maintenance strategy must be done from a system perspective. It is suggested that the optimal preventive maintenance time interval is not only determined by the lowest maintenance cost of each machine but also its impact on the whole system. Two main indicators that can accommodate the system perspective are reliability and revenue. A large number of machines and the array of machines can be synthesized in the reliability indicator. Moreover, the creation of maximum revenue is always the main goal for a business. The best maintenance strategy will be determined from the revenue obtained by a process industry. The process industry discussed in this study is a flour mill which is very well known in Surabaya. This study applied a hybrid simulation to solve this problem. Monte Carlo simulation was used to observe the machine individually and the results are reviewed using the application of System Dynamics. Three improvement scenarios were proposed in this simulation study. Scenario 2 was chosen as the best scenario because it was able to generate the highest revenue at the end of the period. Scenario 2 recommends setting the preventive maintenance time interval considering resource availability.
Characterising West Nile virus epidemiology in Israel using a transmission suitability index
Authors: Lourenço José , Thompson Robin N , Thézé Julien , Obolski Uri 
Published: November 2020

Background
Climate is a major factor in the epidemiology of West Nile virus (WNV), a pathogen increasingly pervasive worldwide. Cases increased during 2018 in Israel, the United States and Europe.

Aim
We set to retrospectively understand the spatial and temporal determinants of WNV transmission in Israel, as a case study for the possible effects of climate on virus spread.

Methods
We employed a suitability index to WNV, parameterising it with prior knowledge pertaining to a bird reservoir and Culex species, using local time series of temperature and humidity as inputs. The predicted suitability index was compared with confirmed WNV cases in Israel (2016–2018).

Results
The suitability index was highly associated with WNV cases in Israel, with correlation coefficients of 0.91 (p value = 4 × 10− 5), 0.68 (p = 0.016) and 0.9 (p = 2 × 10− 4) in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The fluctuations in the number of WNV cases between the years were explained by higher area under the index curve. A new WNV seasonal mode was identified in the south-east of Israel, along the Great Rift Valley, characterised by two yearly peaks (spring and autumn), distinct from the already known single summer peak in the rest of Israel.

Conclusions
By producing a detailed geotemporal estimate of transmission potential and its determinants in Israel, our study promotes a better understanding of WNV epidemiology and has the potential to inform future public health responses. The proposed approach further provides opportunities for retrospective and prospective mechanistic modelling of WNV epidemiology and its associated climatic drivers.
Upaya Mensinergikan Kinerja Program Studi Melalui ALKALINE (Aplikasi Layanan Informasi Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia Berbasis Online)
Authors: Hakim Aliefman , Junaidi Eka , Hadisaputra Saprizal , Supriadi Supriadi 
Published: November 2020

Berlakuknya era revolusi industri 4.0 berdampak pula pada pergeseran kebiasaan individu dalam kehidupannya. Hal ini menntut program studi pendidikan kimia juga terbiasa dengan adanya teknologi informasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengembangan Aplikasi Layanan Informasi Program Studi Kimia Berbasis Online (ALKALINE) sebagai upaya mensinergikan kinerja program studi pendidikan kimia FKIP Universitas Mataram. Untuk mengembangkan sebuah aplikasi layanan informasi berbasis online dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode waterfall. Metode ini sangat terstruktur dan bersifat linier dengan pendekatan yang sistematis dan sekuensiel yang dimulai dari tingkat analisis, perancangan, implementasi (pemrograman), pengujian, pengoperasian, dan pemeliharaan (implementasi). Sedangkan untuk mengembangkan websitenya sendiri menggunakan aplikasi sumber terbuka (open source) yang dikenal sebagai mesin blog (blog engine) yang dikenal dengan WordPress. Berdasarkan atas apa yang sudah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, pengembangan aplikasi layanan informasi program studi kimia berbasis online (ALKALINE) sudah sampai tahapan pengoperasian (sekitar 85%). Aplikasi layanan informasi program studi berbasis online yang sudah dikembangkan dapat dikunjungi pada alamat: http://fkip.unram.ac.id/pkimia. Kata Kunci : ALKALINE, Aplikasi, Layanan, Informasi, Program Studi, online