bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The silver tsunami: an enquiry into the financial needs, preferences and behaviours of retirees
Authors: Chambers Barbara , Walker Ruth , Feng Jun , Gu Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the financial needs and preferences of retirees is critical for retirement income policy and product design. Today, Australian retirees are accumulating record levels of retirement savings in order to generate retirement income. Using qualitative and quantitative research methods, we find that retirees value leisure spending, but do not plan for long‐term health and care needs. Moreover, retirees value risk protection but are unwilling to forgo potential investment gains. The differing levels of importance that retirees attach to aspects of retirement, health, intergenerational planning and family dynamics suggest that retirement income products cannot be ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’.
Income inequality and interpersonal trust in China
Authors: Yang Zhixu , Xin Ziqiang 
Published: December 2019

Two studies investigated the cross‐temporal and cross‐sectional associations between income inequality and interpersonal trust in China. In Study 1, a cross‐temporal meta‐analysis involving 141 studies (N = 64,853) found that Chinese college students’ scores on the Interpersonal Trust Scale (Rotter, 1967) decreased 0.54 SD from 1998 to 2016, and that the decline in interpersonal trust across birth cohorts was explained by earlier income inequality index in China. In Study 2, a cross‐regional analysis showed that Chinese citizens in provinces with more income inequality (vs. less inequality) perceived the local government to be less trustworthy and, in turn, reported lower levels of interpersonal trust. These findings contribute to the understanding of the rising income inequality as an explanation for the waning interpersonal trust in China, and point to a crucial channel connecting income inequality with interpersonal trust.
Choice of local anaesthetic for epidural caesarean section: a Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Reschke M. M. , Monks D. T. , Varaday S. S. , Ginosar Y. , Palanisamy A. , Singh P. M. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryRapid‐onset epidural local anaesthesia can avoid general anaesthesia for caesarean delivery. We performed a Bayesian network meta‐analysis of direct and indirect comparisons to rank speed of onset of the six local anaesthetics most often used epidurally for surgical anaesthesia for caesarean delivery. We searched Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, CINAHL and CENTRAL to June 2019. We analysed 24 randomised controlled trials with 1280 women. The mean (95%CrI) onset after bupivacaine 0.5% was 19.8 (17.3–22.4) min, compared with which the mean (95%CrI) speed of onset after lidocaine 2% with bicarbonate, 2‐chloroprocaine 3% and lidocaine 2% was 6.4 (3.3–9.6) min faster, 5.7 (3.0–8.3) min faster and 3.9 (1.8–6.0) min faster, respectively. Speed of onset was similar to bupivacaine 0.5% after ropivacaine 0.75% and l‐bupivacaine 0.5%: 1.6 (−1.4 to 4.8) min faster and 0.4 (−2.2 to 3.0) min faster, respectively. The rate (95%CrI) of intra‐operative hypotension was least after l‐bupivacaine 0.5%, 315 (236–407) per 1000, and highest after 2‐chloroprocaine 3%, 516 (438–594) per 1000. The rate (CrI) of intra‐operative supplementation of analgesia was least after ropivacaine 0.75% 48 (19–118) per 1000 and highest after 2‐chloroprocaine 3%, 250 (112–569) per 1000.
A clinical decision support tool may help to optimise vedolizumab therapy in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Dulai Parambir S. , Amiot Aurelien , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Jairath Vipul , Serrero Melanie , Filippi Jerome , Singh Siddharth , Pariente Benjamin , Loftus Edward V. , Roblin Xavier , Kane Sunanda , Buisson Anthony , Siegel Corey A. , Bouhnik Yoram , Sandborn William J. , Lasch Karen , Rosario Maria , Feagan Brian G. , Bojic Daniela , Trang‐Poisson Caroline , Shen Bo , Altwegg Romain , Sands Bruce E. , Colombel Jean‐Frederic , Carbonnel Franck ,   the GETAID OBSERV‐IBD, VICTORY Cohorts Collaboration*
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackgroundA clinical decision support tool (CDST) has been validated for predicting treatment effectiveness of vedolizumab (VDZ) in Crohn’s disease.AimTo assess the utility of this CDST for predicting exposure‐efficacy and disease outcomes.MethodsUsing data from three independent datasets (GEMINI, GETAID and VICTORY), we assessed clinical remission rates and measured VDZ exposure, rapidity of onset of action, response to dose optimisation and progression to surgery by CDST‐defined response groups (low, intermediate and high).ResultsA linear relationship existed between CDST‐defined groups, measured VDZ exposure, rapidity of onset of action and efficacy in GEMINI through week 52 (P < 0.001 at all time points across three CDST‐defined groups). In GETAID, CDST predicted differences in clinical remission at week 14 (AUC = 0.68) and rapidity of onset of action (P = 0.04) between probability groups. The high‐probability patients did not benefit from shortening of infusion intervals, and differences in onset of action between the high‐intermediate and low‐probability groups within GETAID were no longer significant when including low‐probability patients who received a week 10 infusion. CDST predicted a twofold increase in surgery risk over 12 months of VDZ therapy among low‐ to intermediate‐probability vs high‐probability patients (adjusted HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.33‐3.21).ConclusionsWe further extended the clinical utility of a previously validated VDZ CDST, which accurately predicts at baseline exposure‐efficacy relationships and rapidity of onset of action and could be used to help identify patients who would most benefit from interval shortening and those most likely to require surgery while on active therapy.
United in Fight against prOstate cancer (UFO) registry: first results from a large, multi‐centre, prospective, longitudinal cohort study of advanced prostate cancer in Asia
Authors: Uemura Hirotsugu , Ye Dingwei , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Chiong Edmund , Lojanapiwat Bannakij , Pu Yeong‐Shiau , Rawal Sudhir Kumar , Abdul Razack Azad Hassan , Zeng Hao , Chung Byung Ha , Md Yusoff Noor Ashani , Ohyama Chikara , Kim Choung Soo , Leewansangtong Sunai , Tsai Yuh‐Shyan , Liu Yanfang , Liu Weiping , van Kooten Losio Maximiliano , Asinas‐Tan Marxengel 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo document the management of advanced prostate cancer including diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and care, in real‐world practice in Asia using the United in Fight against prOstate cancer (UFO) registry.Patients and MethodsWe established a multi‐national, longitudinal, observational registry of patients with prostate cancer presenting to participating tertiary care hospitals in eight Asian countries. A total of 3636 eligible patients with existing or newly diagnosed high‐risk localised prostate cancer (HRL), non‐metastatic biochemically recurrent prostate cancer (M0), or metastatic prostate cancer (M1), were consecutively enrolled and are being followed‐up for 5 years. Patient history, demographic and disease characteristics, treatment and treatment decisions, were collected at first prostate cancer diagnosis and at enrolment. Patient‐reported quality of life was prospectively assessed using the European Quality of Life‐five Dimensions, five Levels (EQ‐5D‐5L) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for Prostate Cancer questionnaires. In the present study, we report the first interim analysis of 2063 patients enrolled from study start (15 September 2015) until 18 May 2017.ResultsOf the 2063 enrolled patients, 357 (17%), 378 (19%), and 1328 (64%) had HRL, M0 or M1 prostate cancer, respectively. The mean age at first diagnosis was similar in each group, 56% of all patients had extracapsular extension of their tumour, 28% had regional lymph node metastasis, and 53% had distant metastases. At enrolment, 62% of patients had at least one co‐morbidity (mainly cardiovascular disease or diabetes), 91.8% of M1 patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of <2 and the mean EQ‐5D‐5L visual analogue score was 74.6–79.6 across cohorts. Treatment of M1 patients was primarily with combined androgen blockade (58%) or androgen‐deprivation therapy (either orchidectomy or luteinising hormone‐releasing hormone analogues) (32%). Decisions to start therapy were mainly driven by treatment guidelines and disease progression. Decision to discontinue therapy was most often due to disease progression (hormonal drug therapy) or completion of therapy (chemotherapy).ConclusionIn the UFO registry of advanced prostate cancer in Asia, regional differences exist in prostate cancer treatment patterns that will be explored more deeply during the follow‐up period; prospective follow‐up is ongoing. The UFO registry will provide valuable descriptive data on current disease characteristics and treatment landscape amongst patients with prostate cancer in Asia.
Parents' perspectives on participation of young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental coordination disorder, and/ or autism spectrum disorder: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Coussens Marieke , Van Driessen Evy , De Baets Stijn , Van Regenmortel Jasmine , Desoete Annemie , Oostra Ann , Vanderstraeten Guy , Waelvelde Hilde Van , Van de Velde Dominique 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDuring the early years of a child's life, participation is essential for learning and development. Children with disabilities are at risk for decreased participation. The interplay between environment and participation is identified as one of the most important factors influencing successful participation. The objective of this scoping review was to synthesize peer‐reviewed literature about barriers and facilitators of participation according to the perspective of parents of children younger than 6 years with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and/ or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD).MethodsThe scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Relevant studies were identified by a comprehensive search of scientific databases (PubMed and Web of Science). Studies describing perspectives of parents regarding their child's participation, written in English, and published between 2001 and September 2017 were included.ResultsA total of 854 articles were retrieved, with 13 meeting the criteria. Elements contributing to perceived barriers and facilitators were identified and organized according to the International Classification of Functioning, Child–Youth framework. Concepts contained in these studies were linked to “activities and participation” (general tasks and demands, such as bedtime and dinner routines, and social, civic life, such as play and leisure). Environment‐focused factors identified were situated on “support and relationships, ” “attitudes, ” and “services, systems, and policies.”ConclusionThe review revealed guidelines focusing on family‐centred care, communication with, and providing information to parents with young children with developmental disabilities (ADHD, DCD, and/ or ASD).
Unilateral primary aldosteronism as an independent risk factor for vertebral fracture
Authors: Yokomoto‐Umakoshi Maki , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Umakoshi Hironobu , Matsuda Yayoi , Nagata Hiromi , Fukumoto Tazuru , Ogata Masatoshi , Ogawa Yoshihiro ,   the Q‐AND‐A study group
Published: December 2019

AbstractContextPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is known to increase vertebral fracture (VF), although the detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated. We hypothesized that the PA subtype is associated with VF.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether unilateral PA is associated with the prevalence of VF.DesignThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional study in a single referral centre.PatientsWe identified 210 hypertensive patients whose clinical data were available for case‐detection results. One hundred and fifty‐two patients were diagnosed with PA using captopril challenge tests.MeasurementsWe measured the prevalence of VF, according to PA subtype.ResultsOne hundred thirteen patients with PA were subtype classified by adrenal vein sampling. Of these, 37 patients had unilateral PA, 76 patients had bilateral PA, 58 patients had non‐PA; 39 patients with PA were not subtype‐classified. Patients with PA had a higher prevalence of VF (29%, 44/152) than those with non‐PA (12%, 7/58; P = .011). Moreover, unilateral PA had a higher prevalence of VF (46%, 17/37) than bilateral PA (20%, 15/76; P = .021). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of VF between bilateral PA and non‐PA. Unilateral PA was an independent risk factor for VF after adjusting for age and sex (OR: 3.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.12‐8.92; P = .017). Among patients with unilateral PA, serum cortisol concentrations after 1‐mg dexamethasone suppression test were higher in those with VF (1.32 ± 0.67 g/dL) than those without (0.96 ± 0.33 g/dL; P = .048).ConclusionsUnilateral PA is an independent risk factor for VF.
Economic impact of keratoconus using a health expenditure questionnaire: A patient perspective
Authors: Chan Elsie , Baird Paul N. , Vogrin Sara , Sundararajan Vijaya , Daniell Mark D. , Sahebjada Srujana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImportanceThis is the first study to estimate the lifetime costs associated with keratoconus based on a questionnaire completed by patients and highlights the significant economic burden of the disease. As keratoconus affects individuals from a young age, the study highlights keratoconus as a public health concern.BackgroundKeratoconus is a disorder characterized by corneal steepening and thinning, leading to reduced visual acuity. To date, there have been no studies evaluating the economic costs of keratoconus from a patient's perspective.DesignA randomized cross‐sectional study undertaken in Australia where keratoconus subjects were recruited from public and private ophthalmology and optometry clinics.ParticipantsA total of 100 participants completed the questionnaire: median age was 31 years and 57% were males.MethodsA keratoconus health expenditure questionnaire was designed to assess direct and indirect expenditures for each individual.Main Outcome MeasuresTotal direct and indirect costs associated with the condition were calculated along with the estimated lifetime per capita costs.ResultsThe total cost related to direct and indirect care was estimated to be AUD 3365. By applying our cost data to keratoconus prevalence data for the Australian population, the total cost is estimated to be approximately AUD 44.7 million per year in Australia.Conclusions and RelevanceOur results show that the costs associated with the diagnosis and management of keratoconus represent a significant cost to patients. An understanding of this is important not only to individuals and their families, but also health care providers, health insurers and the wider health system.
Incidence and characteristics of cataract surgery in South Korea from 2011 to 2015: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Ryu Sun Young , Kim Jiwon , Hong Jung Hwa , Chung Eun Jee 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImportanceDetailed incidence data for cataract surgery in the general population are limited, yet important for determining the surgical needs of the community and formulation of healthcare policies.BackgroundTo report incidence rates of cataract surgery in South Korea.DesignNationwide, retrospective population‐based study.ParticipantsThis study involved the entire population of South Korea (n = 47 990 761); 2 236 107 eyes of 1 591 176 patients confirmed as having cataract surgery from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015 were included.MethodsData for all patients who underwent primary cataract surgery in South Korea were retrieved using Korean Electronic Data Interchange and Korean Standard Classification of Diseases‐7 codes. Annual incidence rates were calculated and adjusted to the national population data for the corresponding year.Main Outcome MeasuresThe average incidence of cataract surgery during the 5‐year study period was estimated using population data from the 2010 Korean census.ResultsThe incidence of cataract surgery increased from 8.54/1000 person‐years in 2011 to 9.67/1000 person‐years in 2015. The probability of second‐eye surgery within 12 months after the first‐eye surgery increased from 42.98% in 2011 to 48.01% in 2015. In total, 85.72% of surgeries were performed in non‐rural areas: 43.18% in individuals with a higher household income and 76.65% in primary healthcare centres. The rate of vitrectomy for posterior capsular rupture was 0.72%.Conclusions and RelevanceThe incidence of cataract surgery in South Korea is increasing over time. Our findings are expected to aid in the formulation of future healthcare policies concerning cataract surgery in South Korea.
Neuro‐Cells therapy improves motor outcomes and suppresses inflammation during experimental syndrome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice
Authors: de Munter Johannes P.J.M. , Shafarevich Igor , Liundup Alexei , Pavlov Dmitrii , Wolters Erik Ch , Gorlova Anna , Veniaminova Ekaterina , Umriukhin Aleksei , Kalueff Allan , Svistunov Andrei , Kramer Boris W. , Lesch Klaus‐Peter , Strekalova Tatyana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsMutations in DNA/RNA‐binding factor (fused‐in‐sarcoma) FUS and superoxide dismutase‐1 (SOD‐1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). They were reproduced in SOD‐1‐G93A (SOD‐1) and new FUS[1‐359]‐transgenic (FUS‐tg) mice, where inflammation contributes to disease progression. The effects of standard disease therapy and anti‐inflammatory treatments were investigated using these mutants.MethodsFUS‐tg mice or controls received either vehicle, or standard ALS treatment riluzole (8 mg/kg/day), or anti‐inflammatory drug a selective blocker of cyclooxygenase‐2 celecoxib (30 mg/kg/day) for six weeks, or a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of Neuro‐Cells (a preparation of 1.39 × 106mesenchymal and hemopoietic human stem cells, containing 5 × 105of CD34+cells), which showed anti‐inflammatory properties. SOD‐1 mice received i.c.v.‐administration of Neuro‐Cells or vehicle.ResultsAll FUS‐tg‐treated animals displayed less marked reductions in weight gain, food/water intake, and motor deficits than FUS‐tg‐vehicle‐treated mice. Neuro‐Cell‐treated mutants had reduced muscle atrophy and lumbar motor neuron degeneration. This group but not celecoxib‐FUS‐tg‐treated mice had ameliorated motor performance and lumbar expression of microglial activation marker, ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule‐1 (Iba‐1), and glycogen‐synthase‐kinase‐3ß (GSK‐3ß). The Neuro‐Cells‐treated‐SOD‐1 mice showed better motor functions than vehicle‐treated‐SOD‐1 group.ConclusionThe neuropathology in FUS‐tg mice is sensitive to standard ALS treatments and Neuro‐Cells infusion. The latter improves motor outcomes in two ALS models possibly by suppressing microglial activation.
The informational and decisional preferences of patients undergoing surgery for Crohn’s anal fistula: a qualitative study
Authors: Lee M. J. , Marshall J. H. , Jones G. L. , Lobo A. J. , Brown S. R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimOne in three patients with Crohn’s disease will develop a perianal fistula, but only a few achieve long‐term healing. Treatment is both medical and surgical. Since there is no ‘best’ surgical procedure, patient preference is important in selecting the appropriate treatment for this condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the informational and decisional preferences of patients when surgical treatment is being considered.MethodPatients who had undergone surgery for Crohn's anal fistula underwent face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews. These explored the experience of treatments for fistula, of receiving information and of participation in decision‐making. Transcripts were analysed by two investigators through inductive thematic analysis. Saturation was assessed for at 12 interviews and then after each subsequent interview.ResultsSeventeen patients completed interviews, and saturation was achieved. Five themes were identified, of which two (desired information and decision‐making) were relevant to this study. Other themes included experience of Crohn’s disease, experience of receiving information and procedure‐specific comments. Participants wanted to have information on any risks, high‐level outcomes (e.g. success), impact on day‐to‐day life and aftercare. Participants felt they did not always receive the information they needed to select the best treatment option. Participants felt uninvolved in treatment decisions and would have liked to trade off operations to reach their treatment goal.ConclusionInformation provided to patients about surgical treatment of Crohn’s perianal fistula does not meet their needs. Clinicians should address aftercare, impact on quality of life and the risks and benefits of the any proposed procedure.
Activating Semantic Knowledge During Spoken Words and Environmental Sounds: Evidence From the Visual World Paradigm
Authors: Toon Josef , Kukona Anuenue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo visual world experiments investigated the activation of semantically related concepts during the processing of environmental sounds and spoken words. Participants heard environmental sounds such as barking or spoken words such as “puppy” while viewing visual arrays with objects such as a bone (semantically related competitor) and candle (unrelated distractor). In Experiment 1, a puppy (target) was also included in the visual array; in Experiment 2, it was not. During both types of auditory stimuli, competitors were fixated significantly more than distractors, supporting the coactivation of semantically related concepts in both cases; comparisons of the two types of auditory stimuli also revealed significantly larger effects with environmental sounds than spoken words. We discuss implications of these results for theories of semantic knowledge.
Heart‐lung transplantation: A viable option for connective tissue diseases
Authors: Stern Lily K. , Selby Van N. , Kolaitis Nicholas A. , Boin Francesco , Aras Mandar , Klein Liviu , De Marco Teresa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile lung transplantation (LTx) has been effective for connective tissue disease (CTD) patients with pulmonary involvement, outcomes for heart‐lung transplantation (HLTx) are less defined. The aim of this study is to evaluate HLTx in CTD patients utilizing the UNOS database.MethodsHLTx patients with CTD (HLTx‐CTD) were compared to both LTx patients with CTD (LTx‐CTD) and HLTx patients with all other indications (HLTx‐OI) from 1999 to 2018. Primary outcome was 1‐ and 5‐year graft survival. Secondary outcomes included freedom from first‐year rejection and outcomes prior to transplant discharge.Results1143/29 323 adults received first‐time HLTx or LTx for CTD. Seventeen were HLTx‐CTD (3.3% of total HLTx) and 1126 were LTx‐CTD (3.9% of total LTx). There were 492 HLTx‐OI. Transplant hemodynamic values including cardiac output, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and calculated pulmonary vascular resistance were significantly worse for HLTx‐CTD vs LTx‐CTD (4.2 vs 5.4 L/min, P = .005; 14 vs 10 mm Hg, P = .009; 439 vs 267 dynes, P = .007, respectively). Cardiac status 1 was more common for HLTx‐CTD vs HLTx‐OI (94% vs 56%, P < .001). HLTx‐CTD 1 and 5‐year graft survival was similar compared to LTx‐CTD and HLTx‐OI.ConclusionHLTx‐CTD is a valid option for carefully selected patients with CTD cardiac and pulmonary involvement with similar morbidity and mortality compared to LTx‐CTD and HLTx‐OI.