bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Adipose Cryolysis for Reduction of Lingual Tissue in a Porcine Model
Authors: Gonzales Donald , Morris Cassandra E. , Kannan Srinivas , Soykan Orhan , Kezirian Eric J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesOropharyngeal fat volume is associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. Selective adipose cryolysis may produce cold‐induced adipose cell death while sparing surrounding tissues. This study explored (1) similarities in tongue fat between porcine and human models and (2) the feasibility and potential reduction of lingual fat using selective adipose cryolysis.Study DesignPorcine model.SettingPreclinical research laboratory under IACUC‐approved protocols.MethodsAnatomical, histological, and biochemical characterizations of tongue tissue from 6 porcine and 4 human cadaver specimens were conducted to establish comparative frameworks. Comparison of fat distribution and composition was conducted via image analysis of histological sections as well as gas chromatography analysis of fatty acid composition. Safety and efficacy of selective adipose cryolysis were evaluated in an additional 16 porcine animals using a prototype cooling system. Histological analysis examined tissue response at 3, 6, 30, and 45 d posttreatment.ResultsComparative analysis revealed similar fat distribution and composition between human and porcine tongues. Selective adipose cryolysis induced progressive reduction in treated area tongue fat content at all timepoints, from 42% at baseline to 32% (t = 3 d) and 14% (t = 30 d), accompanied by macrophage infiltration, crown‐like structure formation, and tissue remodeling.ConclusionSelective adipose cryolysis holds promise as a targeted therapeutic approach for reducing lingual fat in humans. The porcine model may provide valuable insight into treatment mechanisms and support initial translational work. Further research is warranted to elucidate long‐term treatment outcomes and optimize clinical implementation strategies, with the goal of improving management of OSA in humans.
Clinical Outcomes of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Pediatric Immunocompromised Hosts
Authors: Ross Hailey S. , Dallas Ronald H. , Ferrolino Jose A. , Johnson Madeline B. , Allison Kim J. , Cross Shane J. , Hayden Randall T. , Mejias Asuncion , Hijano Diego R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPediatric immunocompromised patients are at an increased risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Here, we aimed to describe the clinical course and outcomes of RSV infection in immunocompromised children.MethodsThis single‐center study at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital involved immunocompromised children ≤21 years old with a positive RSV clinical test from 2007 to 2019. Demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory values, treatment delays for underlying conditions, and outcomes were gathered from electronic medical records. Multivariate models identified risk factors predictive of severe RSV‐lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).ResultsA total of 391 patients, predominantly children over 2 years old (median age: 5), were included in the study. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most prevalent underlying disease. Most patients (85.7%) exhibited upper respiratory tract infections, while approximately 6% progressed to LRTIs. Over half of the patients (58.8%) required hospitalization, and one‐third experienced modifications or delays in their underlying disease treatment due to RSV infection. Severe RSV infections were observed in 15.9% of patients. All‐cause mortality was 2.6%, with 0.7% of deaths attributed to RSV.ConclusionsOne‐third of patients experienced a delay in treatment for their underlying disease due to RSV infection, a phenomenon not well understood but potentially significant. Many immunocompromised children with RSV require hospitalization, including those over 2 years old. RSV imposes a significant burden on immunocompromised children of all ages, affecting their cancer treatment plans both directly and indirectly.
Effect of print orientations, layer thicknesses, and weathering on the mechanical properties, failure mechanism, and service life of 3D‐printed photocured resin parts
Authors: Vakiti Tarun , Suranani Srinath , Kuppusamy Raghu Raja Pandiyan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of print orientation, layer thickness, and weathering on the mechanical properties, failure mechanisms, and service life of stereolithography (SLA) 3D‐printed photocured resin parts. Samples were printed with various orientations (0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5°, and 90°) and layer thicknesses (0.025 mm, 0.05 mm, and 0.1 mm), then subjected to accelerated aging at 60°C, 0.7 W/m2 ultraviolet (UV) light, and 100% humidity for 500 and 1008 h. Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile, flexural, and compression tests, with fractography conducted on failed surfaces. Service life was estimated by assessing strength retention under simulated environmental stressors. Results showed that a 0.025 mm layer thickness at a 0° orientation yielded high tensile and flexural strengths of 44.66 and 86.88 MPa, respectively. The highest compressive strength of 76.9 MPa was achieved at 90° orientation. After 500 and 1008 h of weathering, tensile, flexural, and compressive strengths declined by 19%, 26%, 25%, 37%, and 22%, 31%, respectively. Additionally, the weathering effect transformed the elongation at break from elastic to brittle, and fractography showed an increase in voids and failures. Service life predictions indicated that the 0.025 mm thickness had the longest durability. Future work can extend this research to other photocured resins and composites to evaluate their performance in real‐world environments.Highlights
3D printing and weathering parameters on the part quality were investigated.
Tensile, flexural, and compression tests were used to assess parts strength.
Fractography was conducted to ascertain the failure mechanism of the printed parts.
Service life models were developed based on mechanical strength retention.
Alkylated derivatives of chitosan for stabilization of polylactide microparticles used as building blocks for 3D structures
Authors: Popyrina Tatiana N. , Minaeva Ekaterina D. , Emelyanov Kirill V. , Ilina Elena B. , Akopova Tatiana А. , Minaev Nikita V. , Demina Tatiana S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractModification of the chitosan chemical structure by grafting hydrophobic fragments makes it possible to synthesize derivatives with amphiphilic properties. These derivatives were used as emulsifiers in the aqueous phase during the production of polylactide microparticles via the oil/water solvent evaporation technique. The application of the derivatives allows to achieve a high yield of the microparticles and to provide a hydrophilic coating on the surface of polylactide microparticle. The chitosan‐coated polylactide microparticles were analyzed in terms of mean size, size distribution, surface, and internal morphology. The ability of the obtained microparticles to be used as a starting component for the fabrication of 3D materials through the surface‐selective laser sintering was evaluated, and the optimal parameters for the process have been determined.
The Floor Is (Y)Ours: Auxiliary Staff Voices Their Persona
Authors: Caner Mustafa , Karatas Suleyman , Karadag Engin , Sertel Gülsüm 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe current study investigated the perspectives of auxiliary staff regarding their profession. This study used a holistic multiple‐case study design and a qualitative research method. The sample consisted of 45 auxiliary staff who worked in various K12 public schools in the central districts of a city in Turkey and voluntarily participated in the study. The study's participants, which was designed using a case study design, consisted of 45 auxiliary staff working in 11 K12 public schools in the central districts of a province in Turkey who voluntarily participated in the study. A maximum variation sampling strategy, a purposeful sampling technique, was employed for sample selection. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with each participant to gather data for this study. An inductive content analysis method was used to analyze the collected data, and the findings were interpreted accordingly. The results revealed that auxiliary staff perform multiple roles, such as sanitation, kitchen duties, environmental monitoring, administrative tasks, and technical work. Moreover, the auxiliary staff perceived that their various roles contributed to the overall well‐being of the school community in schools.
A bHLH Transcription Factor Confers Salinity Stress Tolerance in Betula platyphylla
Authors: Fang Qilong , Wu Di , Sun Hu , Wang Luyao , Liu Yuping , Mei Wenfeng , Guo Huiyan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBasic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) proteins comprise a large family of transcription factors that are involved in plant growth and development, as well as responses to various types of environmental stress. Betula platyphylla (birch) is a pioneer tree species in secondary forest that plays a key role in maintaining ecosystem stability and forest regeneration, but few bHLHs involved in abiotic stress responses have been unveiled in birch. In this study, nine BpbHLH TFs related to stress responses in the birch genome were identified. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis indicated that the expression of these TFs can be induced by salt stress, and the expression of BpbHLH1 was higher than that of other BpbHLH genes. Particle bombardment analysis revealed that BpbHLH1 was localized to the nucleus. Yeast transformation found that BpbHLH1 has transcriptional activation activity. We generated BpbHLH1‐overexpressing and silencing transgenic birch plants and subjected them to salt stress analysis. BpbHLH1 can enhance the salt tolerance of birch plants by increasing the reactive oxygen species scavenging ability and inhibiting cell death. Yeast one‐hybrid, ß‐glucuronidase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that BpbHLH1 can regulate the expression of target genes involved in stress resistance by binding to the E‐box‐1, E‐box‐2 and G‐box elements in their promoters. The results of this study enhanced our understanding of the salt tolerance conferred by BpbHLH TFs in B. platyphylla and identified useful genes for the breeding of novel birch germplasm.
High extinction risk of the endemic tree flora in a hyper‐diverse region of the Amazon
Authors: Guevara‐Andino Juan Ernesto , Navas‐Muñoz Daniel , Endara María‐José 
Published: December 2024

Societal Impact StatementThe rapid global loss of biodiversity, especially in the Neotropics, underscores the need to understand how deforestation impacts endemic plant species' extinction risk and conservation status. Due to limited ranges and habitat specialization, endemics are particularly vulnerable. Our study reveals that around 14% and 47% of Ecuadorian Amazon endemic trees are Critically Endangered and Endangered, respectively, with 41% facing high extinction risk. Traits like life‐form, fruit size, and height relate to extinction vulnerability. These findings highlight the factors driving Amazonian tree flora endangerment, providing crucial insights for conservation efforts of this fundamental component of Amazon hyper‐diverse forests.Summary
Comprehensive analyses of the global conservation statuses of endemic tree species are scarce, especially for species‐rich forests. Endemic trees arguably suffer a higher extinction risk than other plant species due to their restricted geographic range and habitat specialization. Here, we present an updated assessment of the conservation status and extinction risk estimates for the endemic tree flora of the Ecuadorian Amazon, a darkspot of biodiversity.
We combined an extensively verified taxonomic database of Amazon tree species abundance and occurrence with the most updated data of deforestation for this region.
We found that approximately one sixth of the Ecuadorian Amazon endemic tree flora is Critically Endangered. A few clades, including Myrtaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Fabaceae s.l., and Lauraceae, harbor one third of the Critically Endangered endemic tree species. According to our analysis, the extinction risk for endemic trees is associated not only with extrinsic factors such as deforestation but also with their ecology. Life‐form, fruit size, and maximum height are significantly related to extinction risk. Thus, endemic understory and canopy trees with small fruits are more prone to suffer extinction than emergent tree species.
We argue that assessment programs should also include biological trait information in addition to geographic ranges and habitat specialization for the establishment of effective conservation strategies of this hyper‐diverse region of the Amazon.
To learn or to resist? Employee reactions to coworker entrepreneurship and the moderating role of employee moral attentiveness
Authors: Ye Qingyan , Ji Hao , Huang Weize , Wang Duanxu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryDrawing on social cognitive theory, this study develops and tests a model to clarify the boundary conditions and mechanisms through which coworker entrepreneurship influences employee entrepreneurship. Two time‐lagged field studies support our predictions: employee moral attentiveness moderates the effect of coworker entrepreneurship on employee entrepreneurship, with coworker entrepreneurship reducing employee entrepreneurship among those with high moral attentiveness and increasing it among those with low attentiveness. Additionally, deontic injustice mediates the negative relationship when moral attentiveness is high, while vicarious learning mediates the positive relationship when attentiveness is low. These findings indicate that interpersonal influence in organizations is much more complex than the simple “Monkey see, Monkey do” explanation of social learning and emphasize the need to integrate moral and justice considerations into entrepreneurship research.Managerial SummaryThis study provides a comprehensive understanding of the dual impact of coworker entrepreneurship on employee entrepreneurship. It suggests that employees characterized by high moral attentiveness are more likely to perceive deontic injustice when witnessing coworker entrepreneurship, thus prompting resistance to imitating such behavior. Conversely, employees with low moral attentiveness are prone to engage in vicarious learning, potentially leading them to mimic their coworkers' entrepreneurial actions. These findings highlight crucial factors that may deter employees from replicating their coworkers' entrepreneurial endeavors and offer valuable insights for managers seeking to mitigate the negative influence of coworker entrepreneurship and its spread within organizational contexts.
Fabrication of 3D Functional Nanocomposites Through Post‐Doping of Two‐Photon Microprinted Nanoporous Architectures
Authors: Zhang Junning , Liu Sida , Kanokkanchana Kannasoot , Kuzina Mariia , Zhou Meijun , Du Xin , Gu Zhongze , Dong Zheqin , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTwo‐photon lithography (TPL) enables the fabrication of complex 3D structures with sub‐micrometer precision. Incorporation of new functionalities into TPL‐printed structures is key to advance their applications. A prevalent approach to achieve this is by directly adding functional nanomaterials into the photoresist (called “pre‐doping”), which has several inherent challenges including material compatibility, light scattering, and nanoparticle agglomeration. Here, a conceptually different “post‐doping” strategy is proposed, where the functionality of the TPL‐printed architectures is achieved by impregnating functional materials into their nanoporous 3D mimics. Using the principle of polymerization‐induced phase separation, TPL printing of complex microarchitectures with well‐defined nanoporous structures having pores of ≈420 nm is realized, which allows spontaneous impregnation of functional liquids via capillary effect. Importantly, unlike the “pre‐doping” approach that requires printing optimization for each photoresist, this strategy is highly versatile in terms of functionalities possible. As a proof‐of‐concept, the impregnation of several functional liquids into TPL‐printed porous microstructures is demonstrated: a fluorinated‐lubricant, an ionic liquid, and three types of fluorescent liquids, conferring the microstructures with slippery, conductive, and localized fluorescence properties, respectively. Such versatility to fabricate complex microstructures with tailorable and localized functionalities is expected to open new possibilities in wide fields including bionics, electronics, and cell biology.
Cocklebur‐Inspired Robust Non‐flammable Polymer Thermo Conductor for CPU Cooling
Authors: Wang Yongbin , Fan Yong , Pan Kaichao , Liu Zunfeng , Zhao Weiqiang , Zhou Xiang , Qiu Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEfficient computer central processing units (CPUs) heat dissipation demands polymer‐based thermal interface materials that combine high thermal conductivity with strong mechanical properties, eliminating the need for additional fasteners. However, polymers with high thermal conductivity often suffer from insufficient mechanical strength and other challenges, including high production costs, elevated interfacial thermal resistance, and flammability. Inspired by the 3D “spininess‐seeds‐bark” structure of cocklebur, cast polyurethane (PUC) composites are developed using copper ethylenediamine methylene‐phosphonate as the “spininess” and functionalized alumina microspheres as the “seeds” filler. This spininess configuration prevents organophosphate self‐polymerization, imparting self‐extinguishing properties to the polymer, while also enhancing the mechanical strength and thermal conductivity by connecting the “seeds” to the matrix. The bark‐like structure enables effective interlocking of functional particles, optimizing the synergy within the composite. The elevated surface reduces interfacial thermal resistance, leading to enhanced thermal conductivity. The resulting PUC composites demonstrate impressive performance, with a tensile strength of 15.9 MPa and thermal conductivity of 2.51 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, providing effective continuous cooling for high‐power CPUs. These composites offer low density, broad availability, and environmental sustainability, making them promising candidates for sustainable electronics and new energy applications, aligned with global development strategies.
Remodel Heterogeneous Electrical Microenvironment at Nano‐Scale Interface Optimizes Osteogenesis by Coupling of Immunomodulation and Angiogenesis
Authors: Tang Qingming , Fan Youzhun , Sun Jiwei , Fan Wenjie , Zhao Baoying , Yin Zhaoyi , Cao Yaru , Han Yunyun , Su Bin , Yang Cheng , Yu Peng , Ning Chengyun , Chen Lili 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImmunomodulation is essential for implants to regulate tissue regeneration, while bioelectricity plays a fundamental role in regulating immune activities. Under natural preferences, the bone matrix electrical microenvironment is heterogeneous in the nanoscale, which provides fundamental electrical cues to regulate bone immunity and regenerative repair. However, remodeling bone nanoscale heterogeneous electrical microenvironment remains a challenge, and the underlying immune modulation mechanism remains to be explored. In this research, in situ discretely distributed nano‐heterojunctions are constructed on titanium oxide nanofibers to mimic the heterogeneous electrical microenvironment exhibited by bone collagen fibers. The material is identified to directly regulate calcium ion channeling for anti‐inflammatory polarization of macrophages. Surprisingly, the highly biomimetic heterogeneous electrical microenvironment can induce a pro‐angiogenic phenotypic transformation of macrophages, leading to enhanced neo‐vascularization at the early stage of osteogenesis. Mechanistic exploration identifies that PI3K signaling pathway‐mediated FGF2 secretion may partially explain for strengthened coupling of immunomodulation and angiogenesis, which optimizes subsequent bone regeneration. These findings highlight the significance of biomimetic heterogeneous electrical cues on immune‐modulation and provide a design principle for future electroactive implant materials.
The CoNi@C/Mo1.33C i‐MXene Derived from Novel (Mo2/3R1/3)2GaC (R = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu) Nanolaminations for Electrochemical Application in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Supercapacitance
Authors: Chen Zhaohui , Liao Yunxiang , Chong He , Guo Hongyun , Li Qiang , Cui Weibin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract2D Mo1.33C i‐MXene is highly promising for electrochemical applications. Here, a synthetic strategy is reported, enabling the uniform distribution of carbon‐coated CoNi (CoNi@C) nanoparticles on the vacancy‐ordered Mo1.33C i‐MXene nanosheets, thereby fully exposing the active sites of CoNi@C. First, five novel Ga‐containing (Mo2/3R1/3)2GaC (R = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu) i‐MAX phases are synthesized as the precursor and found to be crystallized into Cmcm structure, followed by hydrothermal etching and delamination. Subsequently, CoNi– MOF is in situ grown on derived Mo1.33C i‐MXene nanosheets. By modifying the loading mass and annealing condition, CoNi–MOF is transformed into the CoNi@C and the CoNi@C/Mo1.33C displayed outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction activity with low overpotential (73 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and small Tafel slope (84 mV dec−1). Moreover, the gravimetric capacitance is also increased from 68 F g−1 in CoNi@C to 575.1 F g−1 in CoNi@C/Mo1.33C‐50 at 0.5 A g−1. After ≈5000 cycles, activation is complete, and the specific capacitance reaches its maximum value. Additionally, the specific capacitance remains stable at 95% after additional 10 000 cycles. This work improves the catalytic and supercapacitor performance of composite nanomaterials by optimizing the distribution of active sites on Mo1.33C i‐MXene, and also extends the application of Mo1.33C i‐MXene.
In‐Situ Grafting Strategy Enables Functional Separator for Advanced Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yi Wen‐Jun , Niu Bo , Hu Huamin , Liu Chang , Qin Chao , Li Jian , Niu Chao‐Qun , Li Li‐Jun , Chao Zi‐Sheng , Zou Guoqiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA functional separator is developed by in‐situ grafting nickel tetraaminophthalocyanine (NiTAPc) onto the surface of polypropylene (PP). It is applied to inhibit the shuttle effect of polysulfides (PSs) in lithium‐sulfur(Li‐S) batteries. The characterization results showed that NiTAPc is highly dispersed and uniformly grafted onto PP separator. In‐situ grafting strategy effectively mitigates the self‐agglomeration issue associated with NiTAPc and enhances the exposure of catalytically active Ni‐N4 sites. These sites exhibit excellent adsorption and conversion capabilities for PSs. This is consistent with the results of theory calculations, which indicate that the presence of NiTAPc can reduce the delithiation energy barrier associated with Li2S conversion. Owing to the excellent inhibition ability of NiTAPc on the shuttle effect of PSs, the Li‐S battery employing a PP‐NiTAPc separator demonstrates excellent cycle stability. It shows an initial specific capacity of 1256.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, and a capacity retention of 582.4 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 C, showcasing a minimal decay rate of 0.0547% per cycle. The strategy adopted in this study offers valuable insights for the development of modified separators for rechargeable batteries and other energy storage fields.