bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonicotinoid insecticides hinder the pupation and metamorphosis into adults in a crabronid wasp
Authors: Heneberg Petr , Bogusch Petr , Astapenková Alena , Řezáč Milan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNeonicotinoid insecticides are associated with a decline in the diversity and distribution of bees and wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). The effects of neonicotinoids on the metamorphosis of aculeates have never been addressed in detail; however, recent evidence suggests that neonicotinoids induce wing abnormalities. We hypothesized that the metamorphosis success of bees and wasps differs in response to contact exposure to field-realistic concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides or in response to combined exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides and benzimidazole fungicides. We treated prepupae of the model crabronid wasp Pemphredon fabricii with field-realistic concentrations of four neonicotinoids, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, and/or with the benzimidazole fungicide thiabendazole. Treatment with acetamiprid or imidacloprid decreased the pupation rates to only 39% and 32%, respectively. Treatment with thiacloprid or thiamethoxam did not affect the pupation rate when applied alone, but the subsequent treatment of thiacloprid- or thiamethoxam-treated prepupae with thiabendazole led to significant decreases in pupation rates. A high concentration of acetamiprid, which severely affected the pupation rates, had moderate effects on metamorphosis into adults, resulting in 53% metamorphosis success (as opposed to 95% metamorphosis success in the water-treated group). However, imidacloprid or thiamethoxam treatment resulted in only 5%-10% metamorphosis success into adults. Overall survival decreased in response to treatment with any of the neonicotinoids or benzimidazoles or their combinations, with extremely low survival (<2%) following combined treatment with imidacloprid and thiabendazole or thiamethoxam and thiabendazole. In conclusion, neonicotinoids alter insect metamorphosis success, which can be further potentiated by their combination with other agrochemicals, such as benzimidazoles.
Protecting the peri-domestic environment: the challenge for eliminating residual malaria
Authors: Pollard Edgar J. M. , MacLaren David , Russell Tanya L. , Burkot Thomas R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMalaria transmission after universal access and use of malaria preventive services is known as residual malaria transmission. The concurrent spatial-temporal distributions of people and biting mosquitoes in malaria endemic villages determines where and when residual malaria transmission occurs. Understanding human and vector population behaviors and movements is a critical first step to prevent mosquito bites to eliminate residual malaria transmission. This study identified where people in the Solomon Islands are over 24-hour periods. Participants (59%) were predominantly around the house but not in their house when most biting by Anopheles farauti, the dominant malaria vector, occurs. While 84% of people slept under a long-lasting insecticide-treated bed net (LLIN), on average only 7% were under an LLIN during the 18:00 to 21:00 h peak mosquito biting period. On average, 34% of participants spend at least one night away from their homes each fortnight. Despite high LLIN use while sleeping, most human biting by An. farauti occurs early in the evening before people go to sleep when people are in peri-domestic areas (predominantly on verandas or in kitchen areas). Novel vector control tools that protect individuals from mosquito bites between sundown and when people sleep are needed for peri-domestic areas.
New screening system using Twist1 promoter activity identifies dihydrorotenone as a potent drug targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts
Authors: Lee Eunmyong , Yeo So-Young , Lee Keun-Woo , Lee Jin A. , Kim Kyeong Kyu , Kim Seok-Hyung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cells in tumor microenvironments. These cells strongly support tumor progression and are considered to be potent therapeutic targets. Therefore, drugs targeting CAFs have been developed, but most of them have failed in clinical trials. The discovery of additional drugs to inactivate or eliminate CAFs is thus essential. In this study, we developed a high-throughput screening system to find anti-CAF drugs using reporter cells that express Twist1 promoter-GFP. This screening system uses the activity of the Twist1 promoter as an indicator of CAF activation because Twist1 is known to be a central player in CAF activation. Using this screening system, we found that dihydrorotenone (DHR), an inhibitor of electron transfer chain complex 1 in mitochondria, can effectively deactivate CAFs. DHR-treated CAFs exhibited reduced expression of CAF-enriched markers, decreased capability of collagen gel contraction, and impaired ability to engage in tumor-promoting activities, such as facilitating the proliferation and colonization of cancer cells. Furthermore, conditioned media from DHR-treated CAFs attenuated tumor progression in mice grafted with MNK28 cells. In conclusion, DHR can be considered as a candidate drug targeting CAFs.
Coal-based 3D hierarchical porous carbon aerogels for high performance and super-long life supercapacitors
Authors: Lv Yan , Ding Lili , Wu Xueyan , Guo Nannan , Guo Jixi , Hou Shengchao , Tong Fenglian , Jia Dianzeng , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoal-based 3D hierarchical porous carbon aerogels (3D HPCAs) has been successfully fabricated from a freeze-drying method and with subsequent of calcination process, using coal oxide as carbon precursors, and PVA as both cross-linking agent and sacrifice template. The 3D HPCAs, using as electrode materials for supercapacitors, display outstanding electrochemical performance. The optimal sample (HPCAs-0.4-800) presents a high specific capacitance of 260 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, and exhibits considerable rate capability with the retention of 81% at 10 A g−1. Notably, HPCAs-0.4-800 shows an excellent cycling stability with 105% of the capacitance retention after 50000 cycles at 10 A g−1, attributing to its unique hierarchical porosity, high surface area up to 1303 m2 g−1, and improved conductivity. This work offers a promising route to synthesize coal-based porous carbon aerogels electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Survival of pancreatic cancer patients is negatively correlated with age at diagnosis: a population-based retrospective study
Authors: Wang Hongcheng , Liu Jiazhe , Xia Guanggai , Lei Shizhou , Huang Xiuyan , Huang Xinyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this population-based retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the association between age at diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients using data from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and the End Results database. Different factors for stratification, like race, sex, year of diagnosis, pathological grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, historic stage, and tumour location, were included to compare the survival rates of patients of different age groups, and the five-year survival rate was calculated. Multivariate analysis using Cox regression was performed to control for confounder bias, and the hazard ratio was calculated. In total, 126,066 patients were enrolled in this study. The five-year PC-specific survival of patients aged 20–40 years was almost three times that of patients aged >40 years. Stratified by race, sex, year of diagnosis, pathological grade, clinical stage, and tumour location, a descending trend of survival was observed with an increase in age. On multivariate analysis, the mortality risk of PC patients aged 40–80 years was twice that of patients aged <40 years; however, patients aged >80 years had a mortality risk three times that of patients aged <40 years. The survival rate of PC patients has improved in the last few decades. Age at diagnosis is a significant and negative prognostic factor for PC, and patients diagnosed at a relatively earlier stage had the best survival.
miR-484 is associated with disease recurrence and promotes migration in prostate cancer
Authors: Lee Daniel , Tang Wei , Dorsey Tiffany H. , Ambs Stefan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: microRNAs (miRs) regulate the expression of protein-coding genes and play key roles in various biological processes, including development and immunity. However, dysregulation of miR expression is also involved in disease biology, including cancer.
METHODS: We utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other publicly available databases for miRs and mRNA expression in prostate cancer, selected miR-484 and investigated its role in prostate cancer biology and disease progression using in vitro studies.
RESULTS: Our data mining efforts revealed that increased miR-484 in prostate tumors associates with early disease recurrence, while miR-484 expression in human prostate cancer cells enhances cancer cell mobility. Using RNAseq and bioinformatics, we identified candidate target genes of miR-484 and generated a list of potential tumor suppressors. One candidate in this list was PSMG1. We applied luciferase assays and immunoblotting to confirm that miR-484 directly targets PSMG1. Additional in vitro assays with cancer cell lines showed that PSMG1 knockdown rescued the reduction in mobility brought on by miR-484 inhibition, pointing toward the existence of a miR-484–PSMG1 axis in prostate cancer.
CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that miR-484 is an oncogene in the prostate that increases cancer cell mobility, with PSMG1 being a mir-484 target in this process.
Genetic polymorphisms as non-modifiable susceptibility factors to laryngeal cancer
Authors: Escalante Paula , Barría Tamara , Cancino Miguel , Rahal Maritza , Cerpa Leslie , Sandoval Christopher , Molina-Mellico Sebastian , Suárez Marcelo , Martínez Matias , Cáceres Dante Daniel , Quiñones Luis Abel , Varela Nelson Miguel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a highly disabling disease to the patient, affecting speech, swallowing and respiratory skills. Smoking and alcohol abuse are principal risk factors linked to this disease. Genetic factors can be involved in carcinogenesis by controlling the cell cycle, cell survival, angiogenesis, and invasiveness. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involving specific genes could modulate the risk of LSCC related to known carcinogens by modifying cellular responses, but not all genetic associations are known.
In a case–control study, we assess the associations between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR), and tumor suppressor P53 SNPs on the risk of LSCC development in the Chilean population. A total of 85 LSCC patients and 95 healthy volunteers were recruited. SNPs genotype were analyzed from genomic DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and associations were estimated by odds ratios (ORs) using unconditional logistic regressions.
A significant association between COX2 and TP53 SNP and LSCC risk was found, with an OR = 3.27 for COX2 c.-1329A&gt;G (rs689466) SNP, and an OR = 1.94 for TP53 c.215C&gt;G, Pro72Arg (rs1042522) SNP. These findings suggest that COX2 c.-1329A&gt;G and TP53 c.215C&gt;G (Pro72Arg) SNPs may be risk factors for LSCC.
Through this research, we identify two low penetrance genetic variants that may be evaluated as novel biomarkers for this disease, in South American Mestizo populations.
Genomic analysis and clinical implications of immune cell infiltration in gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Ming , Wang Yadong , Liu Hang , Song Jukun , Ding Jie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The immune infiltration of patients with gastric cancer (GC) is closely associated with clinical prognosis. However, previous studies failed to explain the different subsets of immune cells involved in immune responses and diverse functions. The present study aimed to uncover the differences in immunophenotypes in a tumor microenvironment (TME) between adjacent and tumor tissues and to explore their therapeutic targets. In our study, the relative proportion of immune cells in 229 GC tumor samples and 22 paired matched tissues was evaluated with a Cell type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of known RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm. The correlation between immune cell infiltration and clinical information was analyzed. The proportion of 22 immune cell subsets was assessed to determine the correlation between each immune cell type and clinical features. Three molecular subtypes were identified with ‘CancerSubtypes’ R-package. Functional enrichment was analyzed in each subtype. The profiles of immune infiltration in the GC cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) varied significantly between the 22 paired tissues. TNM stage was associated with M1 macrophages and eosinophils. Follicular helper T cells were activated at the late stage. Monocytes were associated with radiation therapy. Three clustering processes were obtained via the ‘CancerSubtypes’ R-package. Each cancer subtype had a specific molecular classification and subtype-specific characterization. These findings showed that the CIBERSOFT algorithm could be used to detect differences in the composition of immune-infiltrating cells in GC samples, and these differences might be an important driver of GC progression and treatment response.
Synchronization of Fibroblasts Ex Vivo in Psychopharmacology
Authors: Faltraco Frank , Uzoni Adriana , Shevchuk Liliia , Thome Johannes , Palm Denise 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe central oscillator for the inner clock is the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Furthermore, many peripheral oscillators are present in tissues such as skin. Human derived fibroblasts provide an advantageous model to study circadian rhythmicity as well as the influence of pharmacological drugs on circadian gene expression. Importantly, the synchronization of the circadian system of fibroblasts can be done by different methods. The review presents an overview of the current knowledge of different synchronization methods mostly used in mice or rat fibroblasts. Furthermore, the review sums up and discusses the role of norepinephrine as a possible synchronizer agent.
The ACE-2 in COVID-19: Foe or Friend?
Authors: Dalan Rinkoo , Bornstein Stefan R. , El-Armouche Ali , Rodionov Roman N , Markov Alexander , Wielockx Ben , Beuschlein Felix , Boehm Bernhard O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 is a rapidly spreading outbreak globally. Emerging evidence demonstrates
that older individuals and people with underlying metabolic conditions of
diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia are at higher risk of
morbidity and mortality. The SARS-CoV-2 infects humans through the angiotensin
converting enzyme (ACE-2) receptor. The ACE-2 receptor is a part of the dual
system renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) consisting of ACE-Ang-II-AT1R
axis and ACE-2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas axis. In metabolic disorders and with
increased age, it is known that there is an upregulation of
ACE-Ang-II-AT1R axis with a downregulation of
ACE-2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas axis. The activated ACE-Ang-II-AT1R axis leads to
pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects in respiratory system, vascular
dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, nephropathy, and insulin secretory defects
with increased insulin resistance. On the other hand, the
ACE-2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas axis has anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects
on the respiratory system and anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and
protective effects on vascular function, protects against myocardial fibrosis,
nephropathy, pancreatitis, and insulin resistance. In effect, the balance
between these two axes may determine the prognosis. The already strained
ACE-2-Ang-(1–7)-Mas in metabolic disorders is further stressed due to
the use of the ACE-2 by the virus for entry, which affects the prognosis in
terms of respiratory compromise. Further evidence needs to be gathered on
whether modulation of the renin angiotensin system would be advantageous due to
upregulation of Mas activation or harmful due to the concomitant ACE-2 receptor
upregulation in the acute management of COVID-19.
Erfahrungen und Belastungserleben niedergelassener Neurologen und Psychiater während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Bohlken Jens , Schömig Friederike , Seehagen Thorsten , Köhler Sabine , Gehring Klaus , Roth-Sackenheim Christa , Matschinger Herbert , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Bisher gibt es keine Studien zu den Erfahrungen und zum Belastungserleben bei Pandemien von ambulant tätigem medizinischem Personal. Es sollen die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020 auf niedergelassene Neurologen und Psychiater untersucht werden.
Methode Es erfolgte eine E-Mail- und Fax-gestützte Befragung von 2072 niedergelassenen Psychiatern und Neurologen mit Fragen zur subjektiven Belastung, dem Erleben von realer Gefährdung und besonderen Bedingungen der Praxisorganisation.
Ergebnisse Der Rücklauf betrug n = 396 (19 %). Mehr als 60 % der Ärzte fühlen sich stark bis sehr stark eingeschränkt. Mehr als ein Drittel machen sich große und sehr große Sorgen und sehen zudem eine hohe oder sehr hohe Gefahr einer eigenen Infektion. Für ein weiteres Drittel trifft das eher nicht zu. 91 % hatte in der letzten Arbeitswoche März keinen wissentlichen Kontakt zu COVID-19-positiv Getesteten. Ein Drittel fühlt sich persönlich finanziell bedroht und Umsatzverluste der Praxis werden erwartet. 18 % der Befragten macht die Corona-Pandemie große bis sehr große Angst. Schlafstörungen, die nahezu jede Nacht auftreten, sind mit 9 % selten.
Schlussfolgerung Ambulant tätige neuropsychiatrische Fachärzte berichten erhebliche Einschränkungen und Belastungen sowie eine Reihe von negativen Konsequenzen.
Fraturas causadas por armas de fogo: Epidemiologia e taxa de infecção
Authors: Baumfeld Daniel , Brito Auro Sérgio Perdigão de , Torres Maíra Soares , Prado Kassio Lohner , de Andrade Marco Antonio Percope , Campos Tulio Vinicius de Oliveira 
Published: April 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Investigar a incidência de infecção em pacientes com fraturas por arma de fogo, e correlacionar esse achado com a ocorrência de desbridamento cirúrgico na sala de emergência.
Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, observacional e descritivo, que incluiu todos os casos de fraturas causadas por armas de fogo entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2014; foram incluídas 245 fraturas em 223 pacientes.
Resultados Houve infecção do local cirúrgico em 8,5% das fraturas, e a média de desbridamentos necessários para controlar o processo infeccioso foi de 1,273 ± 0,608. Foi identificada correlação entre o tratamento cirúrgico escolhido e o segmento corporal afetado (p < 0,001). O tratamento cirúrgico na sala de emergência teve correlação com a ocorrência de infecção (p < 0,001; teste do qui-quadrado).
Conclusão Pacientes com ferimentos à bala tratados de forma não operatória apresentaram lesões menos graves e estáveis; portanto, a incidência de complicações nesse grupo foi menor. Por outro lado, os pacientes com lesões complexas foram aqueles submetidos a desbridamento e fixação externa. Portanto, como esperado, foi encontrado um maior número de complicações infecciosas em pacientes submetidos à fixação externa.
THERMOREGULATION IN THE HEART AND THE BIOPHYSICS OF CORONARY ARTERIAL FLOW
Authors: Kumar Arunachalam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe right and left coronary arteries are the principal sources of supply of oxygenated blood to the heart. Arising from the proximal rim of the ascending aorta, these arteries course along and over the surface of the organ, sending out branches that penetrate axial blood flow through arteries is governed or maintained by multifarious physical laws.The heart, an electrically stimulated muscular pump, squirts and receives circulating blood through its systolic and diastolic exertions. The non-stop life-long rapid action of the organ not just expends enormous energy but also generates considerable heat. While there are a number of factors that help the heart dissipate and reduce heat, a few other biophysical factors contribute hugely to maintain a thermostatic milieu.Circulation through vessels is maintained with a high degree of efficiency through combined actions of ejection systolic pressure, elasticity of the conducting arterial channels, and the proximo-distal decrease in diameters of arteries.This brief write-up discusses some of physics regulatng fluid flow dynamics and attempts to exemplify the significant role of 'centrifugal force' as a hitherto overlooked physical force in coronary haemodynamics. The application of biophysical postulates to cardiac cycle may help in furthering our understanding of coronary blood circulation and the multi-factorial influences on its functional integrity. It is inferenced that, the finding may have a number of applications and result in a better understanding of cardiac circulatory dynamics.
LIGHT WEIGHT HOLLOW DENTURE – A CASE SERIES
Authors: Kaira Laxman Singh , Negi Krishan Singh , Parihaar Shalini , Bisht Rahul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is the prosthodontist's responsibility to fabricate a prosthesis incorporating stability, retention and support which ultimately provide satisfaction to the patient. But in the certain conditions such as long lip length or severely resorbed ridges with increased inter ridge distance, the weight of a maxillary denture is often a dislodging factor. Hence, a light weight denture is required for better retention. This article describes 2 case reports of completely edentulous patient successfully rehabilitated with a hollow denture where a simplified technique of fabricating a light weight maxillary denture was used.
CHICKENPOX- CUSTOMS, BELIEFS AND TRADITIONAL PRACTICES IN UDUPI DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Nayak Asha K. ,   Shalini
Published: April 2020

AbstractCultural beliefs regarding causes of diseases and practices related to treatment vary from one area to another area, one community to another community. Ms X, 10 years female child was suffering from chicken pox. They strongly believed that chickenpox can be cured with home remedies only and their child has to be treated at home and child was treated at home. The nurse must be aware of these beliefs while providing care.