bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European cinema: Between Mit-sein, Da-sein and Nah-sein
Authors: Elsaesser Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article expands on some of the polemical theses the author proposes in his book European Cinema and Continental Philosophy (2018), focusing on the idea of European cinema as 'thought experiment', the notion of 'double occupancy', which the author now articulates in terms of a 'cinema of abjection' and the idea of 'mutual interference', which is now re-examined as part of a broader re-assessment of the core Enlightenment values of 'liberty-equality-fraternity' viewed under present-day conditions of asymmetry, but also in light of their 'antagonistic mutuality'. These concepts, taken together, are an attempt to put forward a change of both model and method when studying European cinema, one based neither on the 'Europe-Hollywood' binaries, nor on an ever-elusive identity, but rather on Europe's self-understanding as a 'work-in-progress', as well as on its position in a globalized world, in which it is no longer the central player. Elsaesser proposes to 'enlarge the context' – a phrase coined by the European politician, diplomat and thinker Jean Monnet: if you cannot solve a problem, enlarge the context. Enlarging the context means taking a step back and focusing not on cinema, but on what in this period of intense internal and external crises we mean by 'Europe', before evaluating some of the ways in which certain films and filmmakers have positioned themselves in light of the challenges that are in play today.
Credibility, Reputation and De-Risking in Global Banking: Evidence from a Theoretical Model
Authors: Brei Michael , Cato Lauren , Worrell R. DeLisle 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the de-risking phenomenon from the perspective of an international bank’s decision to de-risk in a foreign market, where there is asymmetric information and costly monitoring. We consider three adverse shocks to a foreign affiliate’s (i) perceived credibility, (ii) costs of monitoring, and (iii) reputation, as reflected in a loss of franchise value. We show that the headquarters’ incentives to reduce international exposures are prompted by increasing funding and monitoring costs and by falling franchise values. Distortions arise because adverse credibility shocks make funding rates less responsive to actual risk choices, and impairments in the bank’s reputation negatively affect franchise values. All else equal, this reduces the bank’s incentives to retain and monitor the foreign affiliate, and risks increase. The risk effects are most pronounced in the case of credibility shocks, and incentives to reduce international exposures are strongest when reputational risks affect headquarters.
Rural Folks Perception of Suicide Drivers in rural communities of Delta State, Nigeria: Implications for Societal and Agricultural Security
Authors: Ebewore Solomon Okeoghene 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe study examined rural folks’ perception of suicide drivers in rural communities of Delta state, Nigeria and the resultant implications for societal and agricultural security. The objectives of the study are to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, ascertain the perceived suicide rates in rural households; identify the main causes (or drivers) of suicide in rural communities, ascertain the means of committing suicide, and determine respondents’ perception of the effect of suicide on agricultural production and their families. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used in composing 351 respondents who furnished information on suicide situation in the study area. Results indicated some cases of suicide in the area; several perceived suicide drivers were identified by the respondents, and the respondents identified some perceived deleterious effects of suicide as illness among family members, depression of surviving members, loss of income and output of agricultural production and scattering of family of suicide victim. Logistic regression of relationship between perceived social economic characteristics and suicidal death indicated that marital status, education, family size, family income, membership of association and extension contact were significant in preventing suicide. From the findings, it was recommended that all stakeholders including the government, private sector, religion organizations, health and welfare institutions, rural communities, and individuals have crucial role to play in curbing suicidal deaths in rural communities.
Análise emergética uma proposta para o setor sucroalcooleiro do Estado de Alagoas – Brasil
Authors: Timóteo Ivanildo Cavalcanti , Silva Júnior Pavão Jessé Marques da , Sant'Anna Selenobaldo Alexinaldo Cabral 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: A cana-de-açúcar destaca-se como um dos principais produtos agrícolas no Brasil e de grande importância sócio, econômico e ambiental. No Estado de Alagoas ela tem um papel marcante no desenvolvimento social e econômico do Estado e que é marcado por um processo histórico de utilização da terra, dos recursos hídricos, de insumos agrícolas e mecanização. Uma análise da produção de cana-de-açúcar e seus produtos no Estado de Alagoas, que leve em consideração os serviços ecossistêmicos dos solos dos tabuleiros costeiros deve considerar a metodologia emergética. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo de caso dos serviços ecossistêmicos dos solos nos tabuleiros costeiros no Estado de Alagoas, através da análise emergética de uma agroindústria do setor sucroalcooleiro. O estudo será realizado junto a unidade sucroalcooleira energética no Município de Rio Largo-AL, localizado na região dos Tabuleiros Costeiros, o levantamento dos dados agrícolas e industriais serão obtidos junto a unidade sucroalcooleira energética. Os fluxos de entrada e saída de energia, materiais e capital da unidade sucroalcooleira energética serão identificados e quantificados. Em seguida serão utilizadas tabelas de transformidades para os cálculos emergéticos, construídos os respectivos diagramas e avaliada a capacidade de suporte de cada etapa dos processos da usina e por fim, os dados serão interpretados sobre a ótica da sustentabilidade. No município de Rio Largo-AL foi selecionado uma sucroalcooleira energética pertencente ao grupo Santa Clotilde, fundada em 1967, e que se encontra em atividade e com produção de açúcar, álcool e energia e que são expressivos para a região dos Tabuleiros Costeiros. As atividades do projeto encontram-se na fase de levantamento de dados das atividades agrícolas e industrial da unidade. O presente trabalho contribui com um melhor entendimento dos processos ecológico e econômico do setor sucroalcooleiro energético no Nordeste do Brasil. Dessa forma, o estudo possibilitará agregar informações que possam ser utilizadas na comparação entre outras unidades sucroalcooleiro energético da região.
PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Cana-de-açúcar, Transformidade, Sustentabilidade
Suscetibilidade induzida a escorregamentos, via aplicação do método AHP
Authors: Bispo Carlos de Oliveira , Listo Fabrizio  de Luiz Rosito , Listo Danielle Gomes da Silva , Falcão Nivaneide Alves de Melo 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: Os escorregamentos são processos da dinâmica natural da terra, amplificados diante da ocupação inadequada de áreas suscetíveis a movimentos de massa, podendo acarretar em desastres com prejuízos materiais e humanos. Em consonância com esta realidade o presente artigo tem como objetivo, avaliar a suscetibilidade induzida a escorregamentos no litoral norte de Maceió – AL, por meio da aplicação do método Analytic Hierarchy Process – AHP, em ambiente SIG. Foram utilizados fatores relativos à geologia, geomorfologia, solos, declividade e forma do terreno e uso da terra. A análise espacial foi realizada por meio de métodos multicritérios e álgebra de mapas com a ponderação das variáveis via AHP. Para validar os resultados, utilizou-se um mapa inventário contendo 29 cicatrizes de escorregamentos, identificadas em 2017. Os resultados apontam que a área estudada possui médio potencial para ocorrência de processos de escorregamentos, em que as classes de suscetibilidade baixa, média, alta, apresentaram respectivamente uma frequência de 10%, 75% e 15%. Na validação nota-se que 74% dos escorregamentos estão concentrados na classe de suscetibilidade alta, 25% na classe de suscetibilidade média e apenas 1% na classe de suscetibilidade baixa. Destarte, o mapa obtido pode ser considerado útil para monitorar as áreas suscetíveis a escorregamentos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Geomorfologia. Escorregamentos. Geoprocessamento.
Fundamental Phase Behavior of Hydrocarbons
Authors: Sherborne John  E. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 136, 1940, pages 119–135.
Much valuable scientific research has been performed in recent years on the subject of phase behavior of hydrocarbons. Engineers employed in petroleumproduction are interesting themselves in this work as well as in methods ofapplying the fundamental data available to the solution of their variousproblems.
Recently a number of papers have been published in which applications of phasebehavior have been made to specific cases pertaining to critical phenomena.Little effort, however, has been made in the literature to show the relationbetween changes occurring in the critical region and the more common phasebehavior, therefore it is believed that a presentation of the fundamentals of phase behavior with reference to hydrocarbons is timely.
Study of phase behavior is not new. In the metallurgical field, knowledge ofheterogeneous equilibria has advanced tremendously, particularly with referenceto solid-solid and solid-liquid behavior. Much is known about vapor-liquidequilibria too, but few engineers are familiar with this subject.

Definition of Terms
In a discussion of this sort, a definition of terms used is most important. Such terms as "pressure," "temperature" and "volume" need little definition other than mention of the units in which they areconsidered. Pressure is expressed in pounds per square inch absolute. Temperature is usually expressed as degrees Fahrenheit or degrees Rankine. Inconsidering thermodynamic and phase behavior, the use of the absolute, Rankine, scale is desirable. Volume is expressed as specific volume, such as cubic feetper pound. This will be recognized as the reciprocal of the specificweight.
T.P. 1152
Patient motives for contacting out-of-hours care in Denmark: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Huibers Linda , Carlsen Anders H , Moth Grete , Christensen Helle C , Riddervold Ingunn S , Christensen Morten B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients in need of acute health care do not always contact the most suitable health care service provider. Contacting out-of-hours primary care for an urgent problem may delay care, whereas contacting emergency medical services for a non-urgent problem could ultimately affect patient safety. More insight into patient motives for contacting a specific health care provider may help optimise patient flows. This study aims to explore patient motives for contacting out-of-hours primary care and the emergency medical services in Denmark.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional observational study by sending a questionnaire to patients contacting out-of-hours primary care and emergency medical services, both of which can be directly contacted by patients, in two of five Danish regions in 2015. As we aimed to focus on the first access point, the emergency department was not included. The questionnaire included items on patient characteristics, health problem and 26 pre-defined motives. Descriptive analyses of patient characteristics and motives were conducted, stratified by the two health care service providers. Factors associated with contacting each of the two service providers were explored in a modified Poisson regression analysis, and adjusted risk ratios were calculated.
Results
Three key motives for contacting the two service providers were identified: ‘unpleasant symptoms’, ‘perceived need for prompt action’ and ‘perceived most suitable health care provider’. Other important motives were ‘need arose outside office hours’ and ‘wanted to talk to a physician’ (out-of-hours primary care) and ‘expected need for ambulance’ and ‘worried’ (emergency medical services). Higher probability of contacting the emergency medical services versus out-of-hours primary care was seen for most motives relating to own assessment and expectations, previous experience and knowledge, and own needs and wishes. Lower probability was seen for most motives relating to perceived barriers and benefits.
Conclusions
Patient motives for contacting the two health care service providers were partly overlapping. The study contributes with new knowledge on the complex decision-making process of patients in need of acute health care. This knowledge could help optimise existing health care services, such as patient safety and the service level, without increasing health care costs.
Shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming versus photon-induced photoacoustic streaming modes for clearing root canal bacteria using erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers: An in vitro study
Authors: Wang Xiao-Na , Shi Jing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground: The root canal cleaning efficacy of the photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) mode in erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) lasers is controversial. Shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS), a novel mode in Er:YAG lasers, creates a strong shock wave in a narrow container. We accordingly hypothesized that it may effectively eliminate bacteria from narrow root canals. The present study aimed to compare the bacterial clearance efficacy between the SWEEPS and PIPS modes for Er:YAG lasers designed for root canal treatment.Methods:The distal and palatal roots of 130 freshly extracted human molars were used. The smear layer was first removed by conventional root canal preparation. All samples were then sterilized in an autoclave. The samples were subsequently exposed toEnterococcus faecalisand incubated for 4 weeks to establishE. faecalisinfection models. The models were divided into three groups according to the irrigation method (n = 40 per group): 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) activated using the SWEEPS Er:YAG laser mode, 3% NaOCl activated using the PIPS Er:YAG laser mode, and 3% NaOCl without activation.Results:The bacterial clearance efficacy, based on the colony-forming unit count, was significantly higher in the SWEEPS group than in the PIPS and NaOCl groups. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy after irrigation revealed that the SWEEPS group had the least number of bacteria.Conclusions:The SWEEPS mode is more effective than the PIPS mode for eradicatingE. faecalisfrom root canals.
Modelling the impact of MAUP on environmental drivers for Schistosoma japonicum prevalence
Authors: Navas Andrea Araujo , Osei Frank , Magalhães Ricardo J. Soares , Leonardo Lydia R. , Stein Alfred 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) arises when the support size of a spatial variable affects the relationship between prevalence and environmental risk factors. Its effect on schistosomiasis modelling studies could lead to unreliable parameter estimates. The present research aims to quantify MAUP effects on environmental drivers of Schistosoma japonicum infection by (i) bringing all covariates to the same spatial support, (ii) estimating individual-level regression parameters at 30 m, 90 m, 250 m, 500 m, and 1 km spatial supports, and (iii) quantifying the differences between parameter estimates using five models. Methods: We modelled the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum using sub-provinces health outcome data and pixel-level environmental data. We estimated and compared regression coefficients from convolution models using Bayesian statistics. Results: Increasing the spatial support to 500 m gradually increased the parameter estimates and their associated uncertainties. Abrupt changes in the parameter estimates occur at 1 km spatial support, resulting in loss of significance of almost all the covariates. No significant differences were found between the predicted values and their uncertainties from the five models. We provide suggestions to define an appropriate spatial data structure for modelling that gives more reliable parameter estimates and a clear relationship between risk factors and the disease. Conclusions: Inclusion of quantified MAUP effects was important in this study on schistosomiasis. This will support helminth control programs by providing reliable parameter estimates at the same spatial support, and suggesting the use of an adequate spatial data structure, to generate reliable maps that could guide efficient mass drug administration campaigns.
The impact of peri-natal stress on psychosis risk: results from the Bo-FEP incidence study
Authors: De Matteis Tiziano , D'Andrea Giuseppe , Lal Jatin , Berardi Domenico , Tarricone Ilaria 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective: According to the gene-environment interaction model the pathogenesis of psychosis relies on an adverse neuro-socio-developmental pathway. Perinatal stress represents an important risk factor for the development of psychosis because of the increasingly evident interference with socio-neuro-development in the earlier phases of life. We aim to investigate the correlation of perinatal risk factors with the onset of psychosis with a case-control – incidence study.
Results: Patients (and their mothers) were eligible if they presented with first-episode psychosis at the Bologna West Community Mental Health Centre (Bo-West CMHC) between 2002 and 2012. The Bo-West CMHC serves a catchment area of about 200,000 people. The controls were recruited in the same catchment area and study period. 42 patients, 26 controls and their mothers were included. We collected the history of peri-natal stress and calculated crude and adjusted Odds Ratios for onset of first-episode psychosis. Adjusted logistic regression showed that psychosis onset was significantly associated with stressful situations during pregnancy, lower level of maternal physical health before or during pregnancy, use of anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy, and low level of maternal education. The results of our study suggest that stress during perinatal period increases the risk of developing psychosis.
Three novel mutations of microphthalmos identified in two Chinese families
Authors: Tang Yating , Xu Jie , Zheng Tianyu , Lu Yi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: To identify the underlying genetic defect responsible for microphthalmos eyes in two three-generation Chinese families.Methods: In our study, we screened 425 potential eye disease-related genes of the proband of a three-generation Chinese family diagnosed with microphthalmos using next-generation sequencing-based target capture sequencing. Variants were filtered and analyzed to identify possible disease-causing variants before Sanger sequencing validation.Results: We enrolled two families with microphthalmos (Family 1: microphthalmos with congenital ocular coloboma and Family 2: simple microphthalmos). Two novel heterozygous mutations, PXDN c.3165C>T (p.Pro1055Pro) and PXDN c.2640C>G (p.Arg880Arg), were found in Family 1, and CRYBB2 c.481G>A (p.Gly161Arg) was found in Family 2, but none of the mutations were found in the unaffected individuals, who were phenotypically normal. Multiple orthologous sequence alignment (MSA) revealed that the CRYBB2 p.Gly161Arg mutation was a deleterious effect mutation.Conclusions: The three novel mutations found in our study extend our current understanding of the genetic basis of microphthalmos and provide early presymptomatic diagnosis and emphasize the significance of genetic diagnosis of microphthalmos.
Magnitude, diversity, and antibiogram of bacteria isolated from the selected wards of Arba Minch hospital, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Authors: Manilal Aseer 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Patient-care equipments and inanimate objects contaminated with bacteria are perilous to patients as well as to others who happen to get exposed, and is a persistent problem in developing countries like Ethiopia, it remains overlooked. Therefore, the present study aims to elucidate the magnitude of contamination, diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria associated with patient-care equipments and inanimate objects of selected wards of Arba Minch Hospital (AMH), Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study on the diversity and drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from inanimate objects and patient-care equipments of three wards of Arba Minch hospital were done. Samples were inoculated into bacteriological media and were identified by biochemical characterization followed by antimicrobial susceptibility tests.Results: Totally, 109 bacterial isolates were identified. The bacterial isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Citrobacter sp., Enterobacter sp., Salmonella sp., E. coli, and Serratia sp. The surgical ward displayed the utmost contamination rate. Antibiogram of Gram-positive cocci revealed that S. aureus and CNS manifest higher resistance to both penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Regarding the Gram-negative bacilli, isolates of Acinetobacter showed 100% resistance to ceftriaxone and ampicillin. The overall prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in this study was 57.7 %.Conclusionː Results revealed that the surgical ward, followed by paediatric and neonatal intensive care unit of AMH was heavily contaminated. Therefore, a stringent infection vigilance program comprising of routine sampling from the equipments and wards along with antimicrobial resistance surveillance and decontamination efforts must be instituted.