bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress Distribution of the Tibiofemoral Joint in a Healthy Versus Osteoarthritis Knee Model Using Image-Based Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Thienkarochanakul Kulchamai , Javadi Akbar A. , Akrami Mohammad , Charnley Joseph Robert , Benattayallah Abdelmalek 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common pathological conditions to affect the human knee joint. In order to analyse the biomechanical causes and effects of OA, accessing the internal structures such as cartilage or the menisci directly is not possible. Therefore, computational models can be used to study the effects of OA on the stresses and strains in the joint and the susceptibility to deformations within the knee joint.

Methods
In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model of a knee complex was constructed using MRI scans. Medical image processing software was used to create accurate geometries of bones, articular cartilages, menisci, patella, patella tendon and all the relevant ligaments. Finally, a 3D model of OA knee joint was created with a few changes to the cartilage. The cartilage was thinned, and the material properties were altered in order to simulate OA in the joint. 3D gait measurements were analysed to define loading and boundary conditions.

Results
The developed model analysed the possibility of osteoarthritis. It was shown that the medial regions of cartilage layers and menisci in the knee joint sustain higher values of stress for OA conditions, while for the healthy knee, the stresses are more evenly distributed across the cartilage in the medial and lateral regions.

Conclusion
The results suggest that any treatment for knee osteoarthritis should focus more on the medial region of the tibiofemoral cartilage in order not to cause degradation.
Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 in China
Authors: Li Weiran , Li Guanjian , Xin Cong , Wang Yaochi , Yang Sen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic. Currently, data on changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak are limited.

Aim
The present study aimed to obtain a preliminary understanding of the changes in people's sexual behavior, as a result of the pandemic, and explore the context in which they manifest.

Methods
A convenience sample of 270 men and 189 women who completed an online survey consisting of 12 items plus an additional question were included in the study.

Outcomes
The study outcomes were obtained using a study-specific questionnaire to assess the changes in people's sexual behavior.

Results
While there was a wide range of individual responses, our results showed that 44% of participants reported a decrease in the number of sexual partners and about 37% of participants reported a decrease in sexual frequency. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, partner relationship, and sexual desire were closely related to sexual frequency. In addition, we found that most individuals with risky sexual experiences had a rapid reduction in risky sexual behavior.

Clinical Implications
The current findings contribute to identifying another potential health implication associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and report preliminary evidence of the need to provide potential interventions for the population.

Strength & Limitations
This study is the first to perform a preliminary exploration of sexual behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak. The generalizability of the results is limited, given that only a small convenience sample was used.

Conclusion
During the height of the COVID-19 outbreak, overall sexual activity, frequency, and risky behaviors declined significantly among young men and women in China.
The Benefits and Costs of Using Social Distancing to Flatten the Curve for COVID-19
Authors: Thunström Linda , Newbold Stephen C. , Finnoff David , Ashworth Madison , Shogren Jason F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe examine the net benefits of social distancing to slow the spread of COVID-19 in USA. Social distancing saves lives but imposes large costs on society due to reduced economic activity. We use epidemiological and economic forecasting to perform a rapid benefit–cost analysis of controlling the COVID-19 outbreak. Assuming that social distancing measures can substantially reduce contacts among individuals, we find net benefits of about $5.2 trillion in our benchmark case. We examine the magnitude of the critical parameters that might imply negative net benefits, including the value of statistical life and the discount rate. A key unknown factor is the speed of economic recovery with and without social distancing measures in place. A series of robustness checks also highlight the key role of the value of mortality risk reductions and discounting in the analysis and point to a need for effective economic stimulus when the outbreak has passed.
Establishing a digital health platform in an academic medical center supporting rural communities
Authors: Walden Anita , Kemp Aaron S. , Larson-Prior Linda J. , Kim Thomas , Gan Jennifer , McCoy Hannah , Payakachat Nalin , Ward Wendy , Eswaran Hari 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), like many rural states, faces clinical and research obstacles to which digital innovation is seen as a promising solution. To implement digital technology, a mobile health interest group was established to lay the foundation for an enterprise-wide digital health innovation platform. To create a foundation, an interprofessional team was established, and a series of formal networking events was conducted. Three online digital health training models were developed, and a full-day regional conference was held featuring nationally recognized speakers and panel discussions with clinicians, researchers, and patient advocates involved in digital health programs at UAMS. Finally, an institution-wide survey exploring the interest in and knowledge of digital health technologies was distributed. The networking events averaged 35–45 attendees. About 100 individuals attended the regional conference with positive feedback from participants. To evaluate mHealth knowledge at the institution, a survey was completed by 257 UAMS clinicians, researchers, and staff. It revealed that there are opportunities to increase training, communication, and collaboration for digital health implementation. The inclusion of the mobile health working group in the newly formed Institute for Digital Health and Innovation provides a nexus for healthcare providers and researches to facilitate translational research.
Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma: an overview
Authors: Palmirotta Raffaele , Lovero Domenica , D'Oronzo Stella , Todisco Annalisa , Internò Valeria , Mele Fabio , Stucci Luigia Stefania , Silvestris Franco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost commonly described as sporadic, pulmonary adenocarcinoma with enteric differentiation (PAED) is a rare variant of invasive lung cancer recently established and recognised by the World Health Organization. This tumour is highly heterogeneous and shares several morphological features with pulmonary and colorectal adenocarcinomas. Our objective is to summarise current research on PAED, focusing on its immunohistochemical and molecular features as potential tools for differential diagnosis from colorectal cancer, as well as prognosis definition and therapeutic choice. PAED exhibits an ‘entero-like’ pathological morphology in more than half cases, expressing at least one of the typical immunohistochemical markers of enteric differentiation, namely CDX2, CK20 or MUC2. For this reason, this malignancy appears often indistinguishable from a colorectal cancer metastasis, making the differential diagnosis laborious. Although standard diagnostic criteria have not been established yet, in the past few years, a number of approaches have been addressed, aimed at defining specific immunohistochemical and molecular signatures. Based on previously published literature, we have collected and analysed molecular and immunohistochemical data on this rare neoplasm, and have described the state of the art on diagnostic criteria as well as major clinical and therapeutic implications.The analysis of data from 295 patients from 58 published articles allowed us to identify the most represented immunohistochemical and molecular markers, as well as major differences between Asian PAEDs and those diagnosed in European/North American countries. The innovative molecular approaches, exploring driver mutations or new gene alterations, could help to identify rare prognostic factors and guide future tailored therapeutic approaches to this rare neoplasm.
Left is right and right is left? Partisan difference on social welfare and particularistic benefits in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan
Authors: Shim Jaemin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates elite-level partisan differences along the socioeconomic dimension in three developed East Asian democracies – Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. On the one hand, the mainstream literature in welfare studies and party politics expects left- and right-leaning parties should vary significantly in utilizing social policy promises. On the other hand, the path dependency logic tells us that left–right difference should be found over particularistic benefits, such as agricultural subsidies or construction projects, considering that these were central means for right-leaning parties to maintain their power during the developmental state period in the three countries. Using an original bill-sponsorship data set between 1987 and 2012, we find that there has not been any substantial difference in the agenda setting of conventional social welfare bills between left- and right-wing government periods. However, a clear elective affinity can be observed between established right-wing parties and particularistic benefits. The paper shows that contextualizing key political actors' preferences can lead to a more systematic understanding of political dynamics behind the socioeconomic dimension in non-Anglo-European countries.
Existence and multiplicity of solutions for discontinuous elliptic problems in ℝN
Authors: Alves Claudianor O. , Yuan Ziqing , Huang Lihong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper concerns with the existence of multiple solutions for a class of elliptic problems with discontinuous nonlinearity. By using dual variational methods, properties of the Nehari manifolds and Ekeland's variational principle, we show how the ‘shape’ of the graph of the function A affects the number of nontrivial solutions.
Cathodoluminescence and Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Calcium Carbonate: A Review of Screening Methods for Radiocarbon Dating of Ancient Lime Mortars
Authors: Toffolo Michael B , Ricci Giulia , Chapoulie Rémy , Caneve Luisa , Kaplan-Ashiri Ifat 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTAccurate radiocarbon (14C) dating of lime mortars requires a thorough mineralogical characterization of binders in order to verify the presence of carbon-bearing contaminants. In the last 20 years, cathodoluminescence (CL) has been widely used for the identification of geologic calcium carbonate (CaCO3) aggregates and unreacted lime lumps within the particle size fraction selected for carbon recovery. These components are major sources of older and younger carbon, respectively, and should be removed to obtain accurate age determinations. More recently, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) has provided another means of investigating the preservation state and composition of CaCO3 binders. Considered the growing interest of the mortar dating community in the latest advancements of these analytical methods, here we review the principles of CL and LIF of CaCO3, their instrument setup, and their application to the characterization of ancient lime mortars used for 14C dating. In addition, we provide examples of SEM-CL and LIF analyses using high-resolution instrumentation, we discuss current issues and propose future lines of research.
Epidémiologie de l'anxiété dans la population générale française
Authors: Pichot P. , Wildlöcher D. , Pull J.C. 
Published: April 2020

RésuméMille trois sujets, constituant un échantillon absolument représentatif de la population générale française en ce qui concerne le sexe, l'âge, le niveau socio-économique et le lieu de résidence, ont été examinés avec 3 inventaires d'auto-estimation mesurant le niveau d'anxiété éprouvée (questionnaire HSCL, items d'anxiété), l'inhibition anxieuse éprouvée (WP2) et la symptomatologie dépressive ressentie (QD2A). Une analyse factorielle a confirmé que la HSCL et la WP2 mesurent la même dimension générale d'anxiété alors que le QD2A mesure une dimension indépendante de dépression. Les résultats moyens à la HSCL et à la WP2 sont significativement plus élevés pour les femmes que pour les hommes. Les résultats de 2 sous-échantillons, de chacun 152 sujets, appariés avec précision en ce qui concerne l' âge et le sexe, mais différant par le niveau socio-économique, ont montré l'existence de niveaux d'anxiété plus élevés dans le sous-groupe de niveau socio-économique plus bas, la différence étant significative pour la HSCL. Dans l'échantillon total, une analyse de variance n'a mis en évidence aucun effet de l'âge sur les notes moyennes à la HSCL, mais un effet sur les notes à la WP2, lié au fait que les sujets de 65 ans et plus ont des notes plus élevées. Comme le niveau d'anxiété tend à être élevé chez les sujets présentant une symptomatologie dépressive, il a été décidé d'éliminer ceux dont la note au QD2A était de 7 ou plus, des études antérieures ayant montré que le seuil 6/7 fournit la discrimination optimale entre sujets déprimés et sujets non déprimés. Le pourcentage de sujets «déprimés» éliminés est significativement plus élevé dans les groupes d'âge plus avancé. Dans le sous-échantillon restant de sujets «non déprimés», il n'existe aucune relation entre l'anxiété et l'âge, tant pour la HSCL que pour le WP2.
Anxiety and depressive disorders in a French population: methodology and preliminary results
Authors: Lepine J. P. , Lellouch J. , Lovell A. , Teherani M. , Ha C. , Verdier-Taillefer M.H. , Rambourg N. , Lemperiere T. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPreliminary results of an epidemiological study in the general population of a small town near Paris are presented. This study investigates the prevalence of depressive and anxiety states and the risk factors associated with these disorders. The study methodology is reported in detail, especially the instruments chosen (some sections of the DIS/CIDI, questionnaires on social support, life events and self-rating questionnaires). Anxiety and depressive disorders are frequent in this population: life-time prevalence of Panic Disorder in men amounted to 2.3% and in women 3.1%, Generalised Anxiety Disorder in men 5.4% and in women 13.4%, Major Depressive Episode in men 8.5% and in women 21.9%. Panic Disorder is assessed with regard to different definitions and criteria (DSM III, DSM III-R). A wide difference in results is found according to the criteria used. Specifically, when anticipatory anxiety is taken into account, this increases the frequency rate of Panic Disorder. A significant comorbidity is found between anxiety and depressive disorders.
Anxiety and depression in an urban population: results of the Mannheim Cohort Study
Authors: Reister G. , Schepank H. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe Mannheim Cohort Study, from which the results to be displayed below are taken, is an epidemiologic field survey on the prevalence of psychogenic disorders, i.e. the psychoneurotic, psychosomatic, and personality disorders listed as ICD items 300-306 in the 8th revision of the WHO. A representative sample of 600 randomly selected citizens from the city of Mannheim were examined twice from 1979-1985 by means of comprehensive sociological instruments in a semi-standardized psychoanalytical interview.Instead of a wide birth range, we decided to investigate age classes, and each time took a 200-person sample from the records of the municipal registration office for individuals (both sexes) born in 1935, 1945 and 1955. The aim of this research strategy was to determine the possible influence of various historical and social conditions of development on the pathogenesis of psychogenic disorders.The qualified interviewers involved in the project went to see the individuals at home. The examination, a biographical investigation which lasted for at least 3 hr, took the form of a semi-standardized structured interview as in dynamic psychotherapy. Thus, a quantity of findings concerning present and past morbidity, development, stress in infancy, aspects of present occupational and family life, and the organization of leisure time interspersed with sociological, psychological and psychoanalytical questions were included. A number of questionnaires (list of complaints, critical life events, personality inventories, measures of attitudes) were also inserted.The criteria to be met for assessment as a “case” (sick person) were:1,the temporal criterion of point prevalence, referring to the 7 days prior to examination;2,the qualitative criterion of assessing an ICD diagnosis (Nos 300-306; 8th revision;3,the quantitative criterion: grading the psychogenic impairment (Impairment Score = IS).Five points plus had to be scored, or over 20 points according to the Goldberg-Cooper Interview.The IS was designed as a conceptual complex rating in order to determine primarily psychogenic (non-organic) impairment on a somatic, psychic, and communication-related dimension. The individual's impairment is graded between 0-4 on each dimension, so that 3 single ratings add up to a maximum score of 12.According to this definition, 156 out of 600 individuals examined were assessed as cases in the first survey. This means a point prevalence of 26%.
Comorbidity of anxiety disorders and depression: does it affect course and outcome?
Authors: Wittchen H.U. , Essau C.A. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe comorbidity of anxiety disorders and depression, and its effect on course and outcome was examined by using data from the Munich Follow-up Study (MFS). The MFS is a prospective 7 year follow-up study in both a clinical sample of originally 291 former inpatients as well as a representative sample (N = 657) from the general population. Diagnoses were based on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) not using the optional DSM-III exclusion rules. Based on earlier studies the temporal relationship of diagnoses was examined by using the age of onset and recency codings of the DIS, correcting for inaccuracies in patients’ judgement. The results showed: 1), Comorbidity seems to be a rather frequent and stable phenomenon in clinical and epidemiological samples. The comorbidity rates of the DIS/DSM-III diagnoses, amounted to about 50% in the epidemiological and 75% in the clinical sample. 2), The majority of the subjects with both disorders indicated an onset of anxiety disorders before that of a major depressive syndrome. None of the cases developed a major depressive episode prior to an anxiety disorder. 3), A less favorable course and outcome was generally found for subjects with both disorders (anxiety and depression), although the predictive value of the diagnostic grouping was meager. Clear differences were found for “pure” disorders (anxiety only, depression only) in the clinical and epidemiological sample. 4), Regardless of whether a depressive episode was present at the time of the follow-up investigation, the mixed group had the worst outcome of all other comparative groups.
Activité électrodermale spontanée chez des sujets déprimés soumis à un traitement antidépresseur et neuroleptique séquentiel
Authors: Freixa i Baque E. , Boyer P. 
Published: April 2020

RésuméVingt patients présentant une dépression primaire d'après les critères de Feighner ont été assignés par tirage au sort, après une période de «wash-out», à l'un des deux traitements sé-quentiels par clomipramine et thioridazine. Le groupe A recevait d'abord la thioridazine seule pendant 15 jours, puis en association avec la clomipramine. Le groupe B recevait d'abord la clomipramine seule pendant 15 jours, puis en association avec la thioridazine. Aucun autre médicament n'était autorisé pendant les cinq semaines du traitement. Les réponses électrodermales spontanées de potentiel (SSPRs) ont été enregistrées au début et à la fin de l'étude, ainsi qu'au 14e jour, c'est-à-dire, juste avant l'association du deuxième médicament. Les résultats montrent que les SSPRs sont significativement plus fréquentes pour le groupe A que pour le groupe B au 14e jour, alors que le contraire était constaté au début du traitement ; aucune différence significative n'apparait à la fin de l'étude où le taux de SSPRs reste extrêmement bas, inférieur à 1.5 réponses/mn (l'ensemble des sujets pouvant être considéréS comme «non-répondeurs»).Ces chiffres contrastent avec les données obtenues chez les sujets normaux présentant des faibles niveaux «d'humeur dépressive» : en effet, pour ces sujets, il existe aussi une corrélation positive entre taux de réponse électrodermale et niveau de dépression, mais au lieu d'être des «non-répondeurs», ils présentent un rythme élevé de réponse (de Bonis et Freixa i Baque, 1978). Cette opposition pourrait traduire une discontinuité entre P«humeur» dépressive des sujets normaux et la dépression endogéne, la première se rapportant à un état, la deuxième à un trait.
Attitudes distinctives au test de Rosenzweig de sujets présentant un Phénomène de Raynaud primitif ou secondaire
Authors: Consoli S. , Bayle O. , Baudin M. , Fiessinger J.N. , Vayssairat M. , Housset E. 
Published: April 2020

RésuméLes protocoles du test de frustration de Rosenzweig de vingt et un sujets présentant un phénomène de Raynaud ont été analysés, dans le cadre d’une investigation psychodynamique effectuée à l’occasion d’une hospitalisation pour bilan étiologique et sans aucune sélection préalable. Par la suite, 13 des 21 sujets ont été considérés, d’après des critères physiques cliniques et paracliniques, comme des Raynaud primitifs (RI) et 8 comme des Raynaud secondaires (RII), le plus souvent d’origine sclérodermique. L’âge moyen des RII est plus élevé. L’investigation psychodynamique a été effectuée dans la méconnaissance mutuelle du diagnostic étiologique de la part du patient (à l’exception de 2 cas) et de l’investigateur.Les résultats évoquent plusieurs différences dans le maniement de l’agressivité en situation de frustration et dans les stratégies de gestion des conflits, entre les RI et les RII. Les premiers extériorisent plus difficilement leur agressivité et ont recours plus fréquemment que les RII à des comportements d’esquive, se montrant plus passifs, plus conciliants mais aussi plus culpabilisés dans une situation de conflit. Les seconds paraissent plus à l’aise pour extérioriser leur agressivité et se montrent tendus vers la recherche d’une solution aux problèmes posés, tout en manifestant plus d’irritabilité que les RI devant la situation frustrante. En revanche, malgré une attitude globalement conformiste, leurs réponses ne concordent pas suffisamment avec les reponses “banales” de la population d’étalonnage ; en outre, l’extériorisation de l’agressivité chez les RII est bloquée lorsqu’elle menace directement le personnage frustrant, surtout si ce dernier joue un rôle parental interdicteur (rôle “surmoïque”). Les diverses attitudes défensives ne sont liées ni à l’âge ni à la durée d’évolution de la maladie chez les RI, alors que les RII extériorisent d’autant plus volontiers leur agressivité que leur maladie évolue depuis longtemps ; cette modification pourrait se faire au prix d’une vulnérabilité accrue face au stress et contribuer ainsi à la survenue d’une affection plus grave, à type de sclérodermie.