bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVI-30 OmniGen-AF alters metabolic profile and blood cell populations in beef heifers subjected to repeated LPS challenges
Authors: Armstrong Shelby A , Coehlo Molly J , Bascom Scott S , Sharman Evin , McLean Derek J , Chapman James D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Studies in cattle fed OmniGen-AF (OG, Phibro Animal Health, Teaneck, NJ) show OG modulates innate immunity and blood metabolites after 45 to 60 d of feeding. Recently, a shorter interval between measured changes in immune signaling following the onset of OG feeding have been measured. However, this work has been limited to cellular signals in healthy, unchallenged beef heifers. This study aimed to investigate immune and metabolic responses in beef heifers challenged with LPS after 28 and 56 d of feeding OG. Angus heifers were randomly assigned based on BW to one of two dietary treatments: TMR top dressed with OG (OG, 4g/45.36 kg BW, n = 7) or placebo (CON, 4g/45.36 kg BW, n = 7). After 28 and 56 d of feeding, heifers were administered an IV LPS bolus (0.125 µg/kg BW). Complete blood counts and serum metabolites were analyzed relative to LPS bolus (hour). Data was analyzed using the PROC Mixed procedure of SAS with hour, treatment, and the interaction evaluated as fixed effects. After 28 days of feeding, heifers fed OG had lower lymphocyte counts (P = 0.03) and a tendency to have higher monocyte counts (P = 0.07) relative to CON. Heifers fed OG also tended to have lower NEFA concentrations in the first LPS challenge (P &lt; 0.10). Insulin concentrations tended to be lower in OG heifers during both LPS challenges (P ≤ 0.06). During the second LPS challenge, eosinophil counts were lower in OG fed heifers (P = 0.04), while lymphocyte counts were decreased in OG heifers over time (treatment x time P = 0.02) post LPS. Feeding OG altered blood cell populations and metabolism in LPS challenged beef heifers after 28 and 56 days of feeding. These data suggest beef heifers fed OG may be better suited to cope with immunological challenges at earlier feeding durations than previously reported.
PSI-30 Identification of fetal microchimerism in older ewes using qPCR
Authors: Teague Hannah M , Niland Erika S , Pierce Natalie L , Taylor J Bret , Brown J Alison 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The presence of a male co-twin during pregnancy has been found to impact lifetime reproductive performance in the sibling ewe. XY chimerism, thought to originate from a male co-twin, has been observed in ewes, and may be associated with the rare development of freemartins. Fetal ram DNA has been observed in the maternal circulation during pregnancy, but it is unknown if this chimerism persists after parturition. The objective of this study was to determine if fetal male cells were present in soft tissues of older ewes and if so, does the occurrence differ with lifetime offspring sex ratio. Eight ewes approximately 7-years-old and having given birth to at least 71% female (n = 4) or 82% males (n = 4) were tested. DNA was extracted from 10 different tissues from each ewe (n = 80). In triplicate, real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to identify the presence of the SRY gene in each sample. Using the SRY primer pair, male DNA was identified in the brain (between 1.25 ng / µL and 125 pg / µL) and liver (between 125 and 12.5 pg / µL) from a ewe that had given birth to two males during her lifetime. If any additional male fetal DNA was present, it was below the detectable limits. In addition to giving birth to two males, this ewe was also born with two male co-siblings, thus the origin (sibling or offspring) of the male DNA is not known. These data suggest fetal cell transfer in sheep is possible and the frequency of fetal microchimerism is not associated with sex ratio of lifetime offspring.
PSVIII-37 Estimation of genetic parameters for novel meat quality and carcass traits in Duroc pigs
Authors: Willson Hannah E , Oliveira Hinayah , Schinckel Allan , Grossi Daniela 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In recent years, swine breeding programs have turned their selection attentions from focusing mostly on growth, feed efficiency and percent fat towards including meat quality and carcass traits with aims to efficiently produce nutritious and tasty meat to attend a growing demand for pork. In this context, the success of genetic selection for such traits relies on several factors, especially the heritability (h2) of the traits included in the selection indexes. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for seven meat quality and carcass traits in Duroc pigs, including: meat lightness (L*), loin pH (pH), marbling (MARB), untrimmed belly weight (UBLW), untrimmed ham weight (UHW), untrimmed loin weight (ULW), and untrimmed shoulder weight (USW). Phenotypic measurements were collected on 2,857 purebred Duroc gilts from a Terminal Sire line. The pedigree-based relationship matrix included 5,316 animals and genetic parameters were estimated using univariate models under the REML approach. The traits studied here were shown to be moderately to highly heritable (h2 estimates were 0.32, 0.42, 0.47, 0.35, 0.24, 0.28, and 0.28 for L*, pH, MARB, UBLW, UHW, ULW, and USW, respectively). Our findings suggest that these traits are under genetic control, and thus, they can be genetically improved if included in selection schemes. The next step will be to estimate the genetic correlation between those traits (among themselves and with other traits), as well as alternatives to efficiently incorporate these traits in the selection indexes.
PSVIII-14 Genetic change in QTLs related with nutritional value of egg in small scaled chicken populations
Authors: Dementeva Natalia , Olga Mitrofanova V , Yulia Silyukova L , Olga Stanishevskaya I , Tatyana Larkina A , Elena Fedorova S , Anatoliy’ Vachrameev B , Artem Dyisin , Alexandra Makarova V , Kudinov Andrei A , Plemyashov Kirill 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Commercial breeds of chickens are staying under strong selection pressure on increasing of production level. Meanwhile aboriginal breeds are conserving unique adaptation traits, helping them to survive in severe climate. Local breeds combining high resistance, but lower productivity traits are widely kept in smallholders of developing countries. Improving of egg traits in such breeds should be done by selection, not crossing with commercial breeds. Aim of our studies was genetic change of QTL loci linked with yolk size (YS) and egg mass (EM) in resource chicken breeds. Studies were done using 293 samples from Pushkin, Rhode-Island, Amroks, Chinese Silk, Yurlow crawl and Russian White (RW) breeds kept in RRIFAGB Collective Use Centre ‘Genetic Collection of Rare and Endangered Chicken Breeds. EM was recorded in age of 30 weeks. YS was evaluated using ultra sound scanner. Genotyping was performed using illumina 60K Chicken Bead Chip. GWAS studies were performed on RW breed. Sufficient associations of EM were found on chromosome 4 (rs14201361, P &lt; 1.6e-5 & GGaluGA152718, P &lt; 3.3e-5). Correlation of YS and EM were calculated within breeds, difference were from 0.29 to 0.65. Haploblocks were analyzed in QTL region on chromosome 11 linked with YS. Due to selection and genetic drift different haplotype blocks were formed in breeds having different YS. Shown results could be used for improving egg traits in aboriginal domestic breeds. Studies were founded by RFFI project 18-016-00114 A.
PSIII-20 Use of legumes and yeast as main protein sources in extruded canine diets
Authors: Reilly Lauren M , He Fei , Mangian Heather , Hoke Jolene , Davenport Gary 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Plant-based protein sources have gained popularity as consumer demand for grain-free and novel protein sources increase. However, minimal information is available about the effects on digestibility, gastrointestinal tolerance, and fermentative end-products of novel plant-based proteins in dogs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate legumes and yeast as protein sources in extruded canine diets. Five diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous with either garbanzo beans (GB), green lentils (GL), peanut flour (PF), dried yeast (DY), or poultry byproduct meal (CON) as the primary protein source. Ten, adult, female beagles (mean age: 5.0 ± 1.2 years, mean BW: 11.9 ± 1.3 kg) were used in a replicated 5x5 Latin square design. Each 14 d period consisted of a 10 d diet adaptation followed by a 4 d total fecal and urine collection. At the end of each period, 5 mL of blood was collected and analyzed for a complete blood count and serum chemistry. Serum metabolites were within normal ranges and all dogs remained healthy throughout the study. Fecal scores, evaluated on a 5-point scale, were considered ideal and did not differ among treatments. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter and organic matter was highest (P &lt; 0.05) for CON (86.3% and 91.2%, respectively) and PF (85.6% and 90.3%, respectively) and lowest (P &lt; 0.05) in dogs fed the DY diet (80.1% and 84.3%, respectively). GL had the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) crude protein ATTD (81.5%) with no differences among other treatments (84.6% average). Dogs fed CON, PF, and GB diets had the highest (P &lt; 0.05) acid hydrolyzed fat ATTD, with an average of about 94%. In conclusion, novel plant-based protein sources and yeast are comparable to traditional poultry byproduct meal diet and are appropriate protein sources for canine diets.
PSIII-40 Dietary effects on food intake, body weight, body composition and metabolism of adult female cats after spay surgery
Authors: Iwazaki Eiji , Lee Anne H , Phungviwatnikul Thunyaporn , Valentine Helen , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Spay and neuter surgeries are common procedures to control the pet population, but have been associated with increased risk for obesity due to changes in appetite, decreased metabolic rate, and decreased energy expenditure. Dietary management post-spay could help decrease obesity risk, but few research studies have been conducted on cats following spay surgery. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high-protein, high-fiber diet (HPHF) vs. a moderate-protein, moderate-fiber diet (MPMF) in female cats following spay surgery. Twenty healthy female cats (9.5±0.1 months old) were used. After a 5-wk baseline phase with cats fed MPMF to maintain BW, 16 cats were spayed and randomly allotted to MPMF (n = 8) or HPHF (n = 8), with the remaining cats being sham-operated and fed MPMF (n = 4). Cats were fed to maintain BW for 12 wk, then fed up to twice that amount during the subsequent 12 wk of study. Daily food intake, twice weekly BW and twice weekly BCS were assessed. Body composition using DEXA, serum metabolite concentrations, and voluntary physical activity levels were measured prior to spay (wk 0) and every 6 wk post-spay. A treatment*time effect was observed for food intake (g/d), but not caloric intake (kcal ME/d). Caloric intake was affected by time and treatment effects, being reduced over the first 12 wk and reduced at higher amounts in HPHF and MPMF cats vs. sham cats. BW, BCS and body fat percentage were affected over time. A treatment*time effect was observed for blood urea nitrogen, ALP, and fructosamine, while blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, creatinine, total protein, phosphorus, and bicarbonate were affected by time. Physical activity was also reduced over time. Our results demonstrate that spay surgery affects food intake, BW, metabolism, and physical activity in cats. Dietary intervention in this study, however, led to minor changes.
PSVIII-5 Determination of true digestibility and the endogenous outputs of magnesium in corn for growing pigs by using the regression analysis technique
Authors: Wu Hongzhi , Yin Xindi , Yang Zeyu , Archbold Tania , Fan Wenyi , Wang Weijun , Xu Li 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Dietary magnesium (Mg) is essential to bone mineralization. Supplemental Mg is typically not considered in commercial swine diets by assuming high bioavailability of Mg from bulky feed ingredients such as corn grain. The objectives of this study were to determine true ileal and fecal digestibility and the endogenous losses of Mg associated with corn in growing pigs by the regression analysis technique. A total of 48 barrows, with an average initial body weight (BW) 32 kg, were randomly assigned to 6 grower pig diets and were fed close to ad libitum for 10 d, with 8-d adaptation and 2-d collection fecal and the terminal ileal digesta samples, according to a randomized complete block design. Six cornstarch-based diets, containing 6 levels of Mg at 0.22, 0.32, 0.38, 0.51, 0.71 and 0.79 g/kg dry matter intake (DMI) of diets, were formulated from corn. There were linear relationships (P &lt; 0.05), expressed as g/kg DMI, between the ileal and fecal outputs of Mg and the total intake of dietary Mg, suggesting that true ileal and fecal Mg indigestibility values (94.8±12.5 vs. 89.2±17.7%); and the ileal and fecal endogenous Mg outputs (0.16±0.02 vs. 0.21±0.11, g/kg DMI of diets) associated with corn could be estimated by the regression analysis. Our results have shown that Mg associated with conventional corn grain was very poorly digested and the gastrointestinal endogenous fecal loss of Mg was significant in the grower pig. Thus, Mg bioavailability in feeds for pigs should be assessed and supplemental of Mg may be warranted in swine diet formulation.
PSV-35 Broiler chicken meat quality
Authors: Plemyashov Kirill , Aristov Alexander , Semenov Sergey , Kudinova Natal’ya , Anipchenko Polina , Nikitin Georgiy , Stekolnikov Anatoly , Ladanova Mariya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Over recent years, the range of biologically active substances aimed at the productivity increase, animals preservation, feed use efficiency, product quality improvement and product safety has been significantly expanded. In this regard, the study of the effectiveness of hepatoprotective farm-produced feed additives in the diets of broiler chickens is of particular interest to science and practice. The broiler chickens pectoral muscles of the control group contained 68–0.08% of water, 32–0.06% of dry matter, 20.45–0.08% of protein, and 1.62–0.09% fat. In a comparative analysis of the obtained data, it may be concluded that the use of the feed additive Hepatron 85% as a hepatoprotector improves the detoxification ability of the liver and promotes the regeneration of the liver cells. Betaine as a lipotropic agent contributes to the fat oxidation, enhances appetite, and adds muscle mass. When determining the chemical composition of the muscles of the leg, thigh, body, wings and neck, it was established that the broiler chickens of the experimental group contained 70–0.07% of water, 30–0.05% of dry matter, 19.7±0.08% of protein and 2.11±0.09% of fat. Using the feed with the additive Hepatron 85% causes a 0.5% increase in protein and 0.18% increase in fat compared to the meat of the broiler chickens on general feed. Thus, the inclusion of the feed additive Hepatron 85% in the ration of broiler chickens instead of 50% of methionine and choline contributes to an increase in average daily gains and meat quality improvement in a number of indicators.
PSV-41 Antibacterial activity of ferulic acid and sodium chlorate against Escherichia coli F18 and K88 during incubations with porcine fecal bacteria
Authors: Arzola Claudio , Latham Elizabeth , Anderson Robin , Salinas-Chavira Jaime , Castillo Yamicela , Ontiveros Marina , Felix-Portillo Monserrath , Olivas-Palacios Ana Luisa , Armendariz-Rivas Ruth Lisbeth , Arzola-Rubio Alejandro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The influence of ferulic acid (FA) and sodium chlorate (SC) was evaluated in two trials on the growth of Escherichia coli F18 and K88 (F18 and K88) incubated with porcine fecal bacteria. Treatments were 2 levels of FA (0 and 5 mg/mL) and 2 levels of SC (0 and 10 mM/mL). In trial one, ½-strength Mueller Hinton broth mixed with porcine feces (0.5% w/v) was inoculated with a novobiocin and naladixic acid resistant F18-strain. This fecal suspension was transferred to tubes (3/treatment) and anaerobically incubated at 39 oC for enumeration at 0, 6 and 24 h using MacConkey agar supplemented with novobiocin and naladixic acid with aerobic incubation at 37 oC. An interaction (FA x SC) at 6 and 24 h was observed (P &lt; 0.01). At 6 h of incubation, SC alone or combined with FA had the lowest counts (P &lt; 0.05); FA alone was lower than control but higher than SC or SC+FA (P &lt; 0.05). At 24 h, FA alone or combined with SC had the lowest counts (P &lt; 0.05); SC was lower than control but higher than FA or SC+FA (P &lt; 0.05). In trial 2 were used the same procedures of trial 1, except that K88 was used. There was an interaction at 6 h (P &lt; 0.01) where the lowest counts were in FA+SC (P &lt; 0.05). SC alone or FA alone were lower than control but higher than SC+FA (P &lt; 0.05). There was no interaction at 24 h (P = 0.16), where FA reduced the K88 counts (P &lt; 0.01), however it was not affected by SC (P = 0.12). In conclusion, SC reduced E. coli counts; however, at 24 h of incubation greater reductions were observed when FA alone or combined with SC was added into the incubation fluid with porcine feces.
PSVIII-2 Effects of metformin on white adipose tissue transdifferentiation
Authors: Shelby Sarah , Ghnaimawi Saeed , Chen Jinglong , Huang Yan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Early piglet mortality due to chilling is a leading cause of economic loss in swine production. Non-shivering thermogenesis can be used by piglets to increase survivability through the utilization of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recent studies suggest metformin hydrochloride induces “browning,” or transdifferentiation, of white adipocytes into brown adipocytes and increases BAT formation. Uncoupling proteins (UPC) are the principal markers of BAT. Sow treatment with metformin may increase BAT deposition in neonatal piglets. The objective of this study was to determine if metformin contributed to the expression of brown adipocyte markers UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC1α. To further investigate this, mouse 3T3 adipocyte cells were cultured, subdivided into two 6-well plates, and differentiated into mature white adipocytes. Oil Red O staining confirmed mature adipocytes with the presence of large lipid droplets. The experimental group was treated with 1.25 mM metformin hydrochloride (MET). The control group received only the growth medium (CON). The OD260nm/OD280nm was used to assess the quality of the extracted RNA. PCR analysis showed a significant difference in the expression of UCP1 of the MET cells (P &lt; 0.05). PRDM16 and PGC1α expression showed no significant difference in the two groups (P &gt; 0.10). These results indicate that metformin treatment at 1.25 mM contributed to the upregulation of UCP1 and the transdifferentiation of white adipocytes into brown adipocytes. This suggests the potential use of metformin in the upregulation of UCP to induce BAT formation.
PSXIV-30 Effect of aggressive growth promotant strategy on head dimensions of Jersey steers
Authors: Cooper Kimberly , Kirkpatrick Tylo J , Pillmore Sierra L , Tennant Travis , Lawrence Ty 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Head dimensions of Jersey steers (n = 30) were assessed to quantify differences related to aggressive implant strategy and to determine their correlation to live, carcass performance, and grading traits. Steers were either implanted with Revalor 200 (REV; n = 15) on d0, d70, d140, d210, d280, and d360 or utilized as a control group (CON; n = 15). Every 70 d, steers were digitally imaged with a 100 cm2 standard placed on the head; head length (HL, measured from top of poll to end of hairline superior of nose-pad) and head width (HW, measured from outermost canthus across sagittal plane to opposite canthus) were measured from digital images. All steers were fed a common finishing ration for 420d and humanely harvested on d421. Head length, HW, and ratio of HL:HW a were analyzed in a repeated measures analysis with day as the repeated measure and animal as subject. Head length did not differ between CON and REV groups (P = 0.52; HL = 44 cm). Head width was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for REV (21.8 cm) than CON (20.7 cm). The ratio of HL:HW differed (P &lt; 0.01); CON averaged 2.1 cm, and REV averaged 2.0 cm. Head length was correlated to marbling score (r = 0.50) and yield grade (YG, r = 0.39) whereas HW was correlated to live weight (LW, r = 0.70), hot carcass weight (HCW, r = 0.68), dressed yield percentage (r = 0.44), and LM area (r = 0.38). Correlations of HL:HW were linearly related to HCW (r = -0.40), dressed yield percentage (r = -0.40), KPH percent (r = 0.67), LM area (r = -0.40), marbling score (r = 0.63), and YG (r = 0.49). Correlations between dimensional head-measures and carcass grading outcomes may support the use of such measurements to improve sorting of cattle into appropriate marketing groups.
PSVII-41 Mare colostrum and milk composition through 36 h post-parturition
Authors: Carillo Brianna , Leatherwood Jessica , Latham Christine , Dickson Emily , Vogelsang Martha 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sixteen Quarter Horse mares (mean±SEM; 12±5 yr; 5.1±1.0 BCS; 579±9 kg BW) were used to evaluate the time course of the nutrient profile of colostrum and milk following parturition. Mares received a commercial concentrate designed to meet NRC (2007) requirements for gestating mares and were fed to maintain a BCS between 5 and 7. Horses were group housed in dry lots with ad libitium access to coastal Bermudagrass hay and water. As soon as parturition was observed, colostrum was collected by hand pre-suckle (0 h post-parturition), and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 h post-parturition. Samples were evaluated for concentrations of protein, fat, lactose, somatic cell count (SCC), urea nitrogen, and non-fat solids (NFS) by a commercial laboratory. Differences between means were determined using PROC MIXED in SAS (v9.4) with time as a repeated measure. Following parturition, colostrum protein and NFS decreased from h 0 to 6 (protein: 13.1±0.7 to 9.7±0.8%; NFS: 20.9±0.8 to 16.8±0.9%) and from h 6 to 12 (P0.04). Protein continued to show a trend for a decrease from h 12 to 24 (P = 0.08), plateauing around 3%. NFS remained around 10% from h 12 to 36. Conversely, lactose did not change from h 0 to 6 (3.6±0.2 to 3.9±0.2%) but increased from 6 to 12 h (5.5±0.2%) post-parturition (P &lt; 0.0001). Fat, SCC, and urea nitrogen remained unchanged through 36 h post-parturition. These results indicate colostrum protein concentration decreases as early as 6 h post-parturition, and the non-fat solid portion of milk shifts from primarily proteins to lactose. However, the impact of these changes on foal health should be more clearly defined.