bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stretch‐ and carbachol‐induced ATP release from bladder wall preparations of young and aged mice
Authors: Nishikawa Nobuyuki , Chakrabarty Basu , Kitney Darryl , Jabr Rita , Kanai Anthony , Fry Christopher 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsBladder wall stretch increases tissue tension and releases adenosine 5'‐triphosphate (ATP) as part of a transduction process to sense bladder filling. Aging is associated with bladder fibrosis to produce a stiffer bladder wall: this may augment ATP release and contribute to age‐dependent urgency. Muscarinic agonists also release ATP and present a potential target for antimuscarinic agents, but its age‐dependency is unknown. This study aimed, in young and old mice, to: (a) quantify the relationship between bladder wall stiffness and stretch‐dependent ATP release and; (b) characterize muscarinic agonist‐dependent release.MethodsATP release from young (9‐12 weeks) and aged (24 months) mouse bladder wall was measured in vitro, with a luciferin‐luciferase assay, after stretch or carbachol exposure. Bladder wall stiffness, measured simultaneously during stretch, was compared to histological proportions of connective tissue and detrusor muscle.ResultsWith young mice, stretch‐activated ATP release required an intact mucosa and was positively associated with wall stiffness. ATP release by carbachol was about four‐fold greater compared to stretch. With aged mice: ATP release varied a hundred‐fold and no association with stiffness; carbachol release diminished; connective tissue and mucosa thickness increased.ConclusionsWith young mice, stretch, or muscarinic agonists potently induce bladder wall ATP release. Stretch‐dependent release is proportional to bladder wall stiffness, independent of the extent of stretch. With aged mice dependence of stretch‐activated ATP release with stiffness was lost. The huge variability of release suggests that aged mice do not form a homogenous cohort and may underlie the heterogeneity in bladder filling sensations.
Chiral Triptycenes in Supramolecular and Materials Chemistry
Authors: Preda Giovanni , Nitti Andrea , Pasini Dario 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTriptycenes are an intriguing class of organic molecules with several unusual characteristics, such as a propeller‐like shape, saddle‐like cavities around a symmetrical scaffold, a rigid π‐framework. They have been extensively studied and proposed as key synthons for a variety of applications in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. When decorated with an appropriate substitution pattern, triptycenes can be chiral, and, similarly to other popular chiral π‐extended synthons, can express chirality robustly, efficiently, and with relevance to chiroptical spectroscopies. This minireview highlights and encompasses recent advances in the synthesis of chiral triptycenes and in their introduction as molecular scaffolds for the assembly of functional supramolecular materials.
PEO‐LITFSI‐SiO2‐SN System Promotes the Application of Polymer Electrolytes in All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Lyu Wang , He Guoqiang , Liu Ting 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAll‐solid‐state polymer lithium‐ion batteries are ideal choice for the next generation of rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries due to their high energy, safety and flexibility. Among all polymer electrolytes, PEO‐based polymer electrolytes have attracted extensive attention because they can dissolve various lithium salts. However, the ionic conductivity of pure PEO‐based polymer electrolytes is limited due to high crystallinity and poor segment motion. An inorganic filler SiO2 nanospheres and a plasticizer Succinonitrile (SN) are introduced into the PEO matrix to improve the crystallization of PEO, promote the formation of amorphous region, and thus improve the movement of PEO chain segment. Herein, a PEO18−LiTFSI−5 %SiO2−5 %SN composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) was prepared by solution‐casting. The high ionic conductivity of the electrolyte was demonstrated at 60 °C up to 3.3×10−4 S cm−1. Meanwhile, the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/CSPE/Li all‐solid‐state battery was tested, with discharge capacity of 157.5 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, and capacity retention rate of 99 % after 100 cycles at 60 °C. This system provides a feasible strategy for the development of efficient all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries.
Neonatal pain: A journey spanning three decades
Authors: Johnston Céleste 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrom 1980 into present day, 2020, the evolution of neonatal pain research is told as a journey by one researcher, Celeste Johnston. At the beginning of her work, there was essentially no interest or work in the area. She was fortunate to be led into the area by a clinical problem: how to determine the amount of pain babies in the NICU were experiencing. That question resulted in over three decades of work with neonates. Measuring pain was the first challenge and is one that remains a focus of current research. Initially, the only choices for treating pain in neonates were either opioids or anesthetics, each with problems. Research on sweet taste and more recently on skin‐to‐skin contact has offered effective and safe options for procedural pain. Although progress has been made in the incidence of pain management in infants, it still is far less than it could be. Steps along the way of measurement, treatment, and knowledge utilization are chronicled by this researcher.
Retracted: Citius, Altius, Fortius
Authors: Lange J. , Vriend G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract2020 is a leap year. That means that we have one day extra and, if the Olympic games had survived the corona crisis, we would all be watching television and ask the eternal question whether Olympic records will for ever be broken and broken again, or that there are limits to human biology1. In this article we ask the same question, but rather than discussing aspects of Citius, Altius, and Fortius of athletes we will discuss them for macromolecules. It is remarkable how many parallels can be found between Olympic records in these two seemingly different worlds.People involved in structure validation and re‐refinement try to make us believe that most aspects of macromolecular structures can be caught by a number that has some constant value with little variation around it. We will show here that the PDB2 databank proves this idea to be wrong. In the protein structure world, it holds for many that "participating is more important than winning", but some, fortunately, still go for the record books.
A comparative multi‐reference configuration interaction study of the low‐lying states of two thione isomers of thiophenol
Authors: Lima Filipe Belarmino de , Pereira Rodrigues Gessenildo , de Lucena Júnior Juracy Regis , Ventura Elizete , Fausto Rui , Reva Igor , do Monte Silmar Andrade 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMulti‐reference configuration interaction, MR‐CI (including extensivity corrections, named +Q), calculations were performed on the S0–S3 states of cyclohexa‐2,4‐diene‐1‐thione (thione 24) and cyclohexa‐2,5‐diene‐1‐thione (thione 25), which are thione isomers of thiophenol. Several types of uncontracted MR‐CIS and MR‐CISD wavefunctions were employed, comprising MR‐CI expansions as large as ~365 × 106 configuration state functions. The nature of the studied excited states was characterized. Vertical excitation energies (ΔE) and oscillator strengths (f) were computed. The most intense transitions (S0 → S2 for 24 and S0 → S3 for 25) did not change with the wavefunction, although a variation as large as ~1 eV was obtained for the S3 state of 24, at the highest (MR‐CI+Q) level. On the other hand, ΔE changed at most by ~0.56 eV for 25 as the wavefunction changes, at the same level. The S1 state of both thiones was found to have nπ* character and is in the visible region. For 24, S2 and S3 are ππ* and nπ* states, respectively, while for 25 the reverse order is obtained. S2 and S3 are in the range ~3.5 to 5.2 eV, again at the highest level. It is the first time that the excited states of the title molecules are studied. The computed results agree with the experimental onset of photoreactions of thiones 24 and 25 found by Reva et al (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 4888).
Spin‐Gapless Semiconductors
Authors: Yue Zengji , Li Zhi , Sang Lina , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe spin‐gapless semiconductors (SGSs) are a new class of zero‐gap materials which have fully spin polarized electrons and holes. They bridge the zero‐gap materials and the half‐metals. The band structures of the SGSs can have two types of energy dispersion: Dirac linear dispersion and parabolic dispersion. The Dirac‐type SGSs exhibit fully spin polarized Dirac cones, and offer a platform for massless and fully spin polarized spintronics as well as dissipationless edge states via the quantum anomalous Hall effect. With fascinating spin and charge states, they hold great potential for spintronics. There have been tremendous efforts worldwide to find suitable candidates for SGSs. In particular, there is an increasing interest in searching for Dirac type SGSs. In the past decade, a large number of Dirac or parabolic type SGSs have been predicted by density functional theory, and some parabolic SGSs have been experimentally demonstrated. The SGSs hold great potential for spintronics, electronics, and optoelectronics with high speed and low‐energy consumption. Here, both the Dirac and the parabolic types of SGSs in different material systems are reviewed and the concepts of the SGS, novel spin and charge states, and the potential applications of SGSs in next‐generation spintronic devices are outlined.
Synthesis and Characterization of Inulin Butyrate Ester, and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Effect on SCFA Production
Authors: Zhu Xiaozhen , Zhang Xia , Gao Xuelu , Meng Xianyao , Yi Yuetao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop a method for the synthesis of inulin butyrate ester (IBE) as a short chain fatty acid (SCFA) delivery carrier. Inulin is modified by butyric anhydride and the structure is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared and 1H NMR. On this basis, the synthetic conditions are optimized with response surface methodology (RSM) to investigate the effects of three parameters (the ratio of anhydride to inulin, inulin concentration, and reaction temperature) on the degree of substitution (DS). Under the optimal conditions, the actual experimental DS is 2.59 ± 0.14. The antioxidant activities of inulin and IBE are determined by superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability. The results show that the butyrylation inulin increases antioxidant activities and indicate that IBE could be used as a potential antioxidant. In a 36 h in vitro fermentation experiment, IBE is shown to increase the total SCFA content and the butyrate ratio, which illustrates that IBE could be used as SCFA carrier for delivering high concentration of SCFA to the colon, and thus influencing intestinal health.
Maternal cardiac function in gestational diabetes mellitus at 35–36 weeks' gestation and 6 months postpartum
Authors: Aguilera J. , Sanchez Sierra A. , Abdel Azim S. , Georgiopoulos G. , Nicolaides K. H. , Charakida M. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveWomen with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcome later in life. However, it is uncertain whether this increased risk is due to cardiovascular changes occurring during pregnancy and persisting thereafter or to an adverse underlying cardiovascular risk factor profile. Some studies have reported that GDM is associated with reduced systolic and diastolic left ventricular function in pregnancy; however, it remains unknown whether these changes persist after delivery. The objective of this study was to compare cardiac function and structure in women with GDM and those with uncomplicated pregnancy at 35–36 weeks' gestation and about 6 months after delivery.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study in which women with GDM and those with uncomplicated pregnancy had detailed cardiovascular assessment at 35–36 weeks' gestation and repeat examination around 6 months after delivery. In all women, left ventricular systolic and diastolic indices were measured and left ventricular mass indexed for body surface area was calculated. Cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance were also calculated using echocardiography. Linear mixed model analysis accounting for differences in maternal characteristics was carried out to compare findings of cardiovascular function between the GDM group and controls and within each group at 35–36 weeks' gestation and at 6 months after delivery.ResultsWe studied 73 women with GDM and 73 controls with uncomplicated pregnancy. At 35–36 weeks' gestation, women with GDM, compared to controls, had higher E/e′ ratio and lower E/A ratio and global longitudinal systolic strain; there were no significant differences between the groups in ejection fraction. Left ventricular mass indexed for body surface area was also increased in women with GDM. There were no significant differences between the groups in cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. At 6 months after delivery, cardiac functional indices improved in both patients with GDM and controls, but in the GDM group, compared to controls, there was a lower degree of improvement in E/A ratio and global longitudinal systolic strain.ConclusionIn the third trimester, patients with GDM have subtle differences in diastolic and systolic left ventricular function compared to controls and, despite improvement after delivery, these changes persist for at least 6 months. Long‐term follow‐up is therefore needed to assess whether women with GDM are at risk for an accelerated decline in their cardiac function and, if so, whether this trend can be reversed or delayed by optimal cardiovascular risk factor modification. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Introduction to artificial intelligence in ultrasound imaging in obstetrics and gynecology
Authors: Drukker L. , Noble J. A. , Papageorghiou A. T. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence (AI) uses data and algorithms to aim to draw conclusions that are as good as, or even better than, those drawn by humans. AI is already part of our daily life; it is behind face recognition technology, speech recognition in virtual assistants (such as Amazon Alexa, Apple's Siri, Google Assistant and Microsoft Cortana) and self‐driving cars. AI software has been able to beat world champions in chess, Go and recently even Poker. Relevant to our community, it is a prominent source of innovation in healthcare, already helping to develop new drugs, support clinical decisions and provide quality assurance in radiology. The list of medical image‐analysis AI applications with USA Food and Drug Administration or European Union (soon to fall under European Union Medical Device Regulation) approval is growing rapidly and covers diverse clinical needs, such as detection of arrhythmia using a smartwatch or automatic triage of critical imaging studies to the top of the radiologist's worklist. Deep learning, a leading tool of AI, performs particularly well in image pattern recognition and, therefore, can be of great benefit to doctors who rely heavily on images, such as sonologists, radiographers and pathologists. Although obstetric and gynecological ultrasound are two of the most commonly performed imaging studies, AI has had little impact on this field so far. Nevertheless, there is huge potential for AI to assist in repetitive ultrasound tasks, such as automatically identifying good‐quality acquisitions and providing instant quality assurance. For this potential to thrive, interdisciplinary communication between AI developers and ultrasound professionals is necessary. In this article, we explore the fundamentals of medical imaging AI, from theory to applicability, and introduce some key terms to medical professionals in the field of ultrasound. We believe that wider knowledge of AI will help accelerate its integration into healthcare. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Polymorphisms in the ASMT and ADAMTS1 gene may increase litter size in goats
Authors: Hu Wenping , Tang Jishun , Zhang Zhuangbiao , Tang Qianqian , Yan Yan , Wang Pinqing , Wang Xiangyu , Liu Qiuyue , Guo Xiaofei , Jin Mei , Zhang Yingjie , Di Ran , Chu Mingxing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProlificacy of most local goat breeds in China is low. Jining Grey goat is one of the most prolific goat breeds in China, it is an important goat breed for the rural economy. ASMT (acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase) and ADAMTS1 (ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif) are essential for animal reproduction. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ASMT and ADAMTS1 genes in the highly prolific breed (Jining Grey goats), medium prolific breed (Boer goats and Guizhou White goats) and low prolific breeds (Angora goats, Liaoning Cashmere goats and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats) were detected by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. Two SNPs (g.158122T>C, g.158700G>A) of ASMT gene and two SNPs (g.7979798A>G, g.7979477C>T) of ADAMTS1 gene were identified. For g.158122T>C of ASMT gene, further analysis revealed that genotype TC or CC had 0.66 (p < 0.05) or 0.75 (p < 0.05) kids more than those with genotype TT in Jining Grey goats. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in litter size between TC and CC genotypes. The SNP (g.158122T>C) caused a p.Tyr298His change and this SNP mutation resulted in changes in protein binding sites and macromolecule‐binding sites. The improvement in reproductive performance may be due to changes in the structure of ASMT protein. For g.7979477C>T of ADAMTS1 gene, Jining Grey does with genotype CT or TT had 0.82 (p < 0.05) or 0.86 (p < 0.05) more kids than those with genotype CC. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in litter size between CT or TT genotypes. These results preliminarily indicated that C allele (g.158122T>C) of ASMT gene and T allele (g.7979477C>T) of ADAMTS1 gene are potential molecular markers which could improve litter size of Jining Grey goats and be used in goat breeding.
Role of the regulatory genes SEF1, VMA1 and SFU1 in riboflavin synthesis in the flavinogenic yeast Candida famata (Candida flareri)
Authors: Andreieva Yuliia , Petrovska Yana , Lyzak Oleksii , Liu Wen , Kang Yingqian , Dmytruk Kostyantyn , Sibirny Andriy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRiboflavin or vitamin B2 is an essential dietary component for humans and animals that is the precursor of flavin coenzymes flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide involved in numerous enzymatic reactions. The flavinogenic yeast Candida famata overproduces riboflavin under iron starvation; however, regulation of this process is poorly understood. Regulatory gene SEF1 encoding transcription activator has been identified. Its deletion blocks yeast ability to overproduce riboflavin under iron starvation. It was shown here that the SEF1 promoters from other flavinogenic (Candida albicans) and non‐flavinogenic (Candida tropicalis) yeasts fused with the open reading frame (ORF) of SEF1 gene from C. famata are able to restore riboflavin oversynthesis in sef1Δ mutants. It is known that in the pathogenic flavinogenic yeast C. albicans, Sfu1 (GATA‐type transcription factor) represses SEF1. Here, we found that deletion of SFU1 gene in wild‐type C. famata leads to riboflavin oversynthesis. Moreover, it was shown that disruption of VMA1 gene (coding for vacuolar ATPase subunit A) also results in riboflavin oversynthesis in C. famata.
Daubechies’ Time–Frequency Localization Operator on Cantor Type Sets I
Authors: Knutsen Helge 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study Daubechies’ time–frequency localization operator, which is characterized by a window and weight function. We consider a Gaussian window and a spherically symmetric weight as this choice yields explicit formulas for the eigenvalues, with the Hermite functions as the associated eigenfunctions. Inspired by the fractal uncertainty principle in the separate time–frequency representation, we define the n-iterate mid-third spherically symmetric Cantor set in the joint representation. For the n-iterate Cantor set, precise asymptotic estimates for the operator norm are then derived up to a multiplicative constant.
Quantum Harmonic Analysis on Lattices and Gabor Multipliers
Authors: Skrettingland Eirik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe develop a theory of quantum harmonic analysis on lattices in$${\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$R2d. Convolutions of a sequence with an operator and of two operators are defined over a lattice, and using corresponding Fourier transforms of sequences and operators we develop a version of harmonic analysis for these objects. We prove analogues of results from classical harmonic analysis and the quantum harmonic analysis of Werner, including Tauberian theorems and a Wiener division lemma. Gabor multipliers from time-frequency analysis are described as convolutions in this setting. The quantum harmonic analysis is thus a conceptual framework for the study of Gabor multipliers, and several of the results include results on Gabor multipliers as special cases.
The competitive athlete with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Riddell Michael C. , Scott Sam N. , Fournier Paul A. , Colberg Sheri R. , Gallen Ian W. , Moser Othmar , Stettler Christoph , Yardley Jane E. , Zaharieva Dessi P. , Adolfsson Peter , Bracken Richard M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRegular exercise is important for health, fitness and longevity in people living with type 1 diabetes, and many individuals seek to train and compete while living with the condition. Muscle, liver and glycogen metabolism can be normal in athletes with diabetes with good overall glucose management, and exercise performance can be facilitated by modifications to insulin dose and nutrition. However, maintaining normal glucose levels during training, travel and competition can be a major challenge for athletes living with type 1 diabetes. Some athletes have low-to-moderate levels of carbohydrate intake during training and rest days but tend to benefit, from both a glucose and performance perspective, from high rates of carbohydrate feeding during long-distance events. This review highlights the unique metabolic responses to various types of exercise in athletes living with type 1 diabetes.
Flooring the Major Vessels with Falciform Ligament to Prevent Post‐Pancreatectomy Hemorrhage
Authors: Okada Kenjiro , Murakami Yoshiaki , Uemura Kenichiro , Kondo Naru , Nakagawa Naoya , Seo Shingo , Otsuka Hiroyuki , Takahashi Shinya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most severe pancreatic surgery complications is post‐pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH). This study's aim was to evaluate the efficacy of flooring the major vessels with falciform ligament in preventing PPH after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of 500 consecutive patients who underwent PD between Jan 2010 and Dec 2019 at Hiroshima University. Morbidities, including postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) or PPH and 90‐day mortality, were analyzed. The study cohort was divided into two groups based on the time of surgery (2010–2016 and 2017–2019), i.e., before and after implementation of falciform ligament flooring method. The patient characteristics, operative parameters, clinicopathological factors, morbidity, and mortality were compared between the two periods.ResultsMorbidity and mortality rates in the entire cohort were 21% and 1.4%, respectively. The incidence of Grade B/C POPF and PPH was 9.0% and 3.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two periods with respect to Grade B/C POPF, morbidity rate, and mortality rate; however, the rate of Grade B/C PPH significantly decreased from 5.2 to 1.6% p = .027. On multivariate analysis, the absence of the falciform ligament flooring method was an independent PPH risk factor p = .003.ConclusionsFalciform ligament flooring method may help decrease the incidence of PPH after PD.