bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombophilia screening revisited: an issue of personalized medicine
Authors: Colucci Giuseppe , Tsakiris Dimitrios A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClinical thrombophilia is the consequence of multiple gene and/or environment interactions. Thrombophilia screening requires a targeted patient with specific indication, in which a finding would have implications. Carrying out a thrombophilia examination in the physician’s practice is often a cause of uncertainty and concern. The concerns begin in choosing the right patient to be examined, are associated with the time of investigation, with the choice of analysis, the test-material and with the correct interpretation of the results. Difficulties, which can influence the results, can occur with both organization and blood sampling. As common for any analysis, pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical factors should be considered, as well as the possibility of false positive or false negative results. Finally, recommendation of correct therapeutic and prophylactic measures for the patient and his relatives is an additional focus. In this article we want to provide—on the basis of the evidence and personal experience—the theory of thrombophilia-investigation, the indications for testing, as well as practical recommendations for treatment options.
The Impact of Elastic Deformations of the Extracellular Matrix on Cell Migration
Authors: Malik A. A. , Wennberg B. , Gerlee P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, in particular its stiffness, are known to impact cell migration. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model of a single cell migrating on an elastic matrix, which accounts for the deformation of the matrix induced by forces exerted by the cell, and investigate how the stiffness impacts the direction and speed of migration. We model a cell in 1D as a nucleus connected to a number of adhesion sites through elastic springs. The cell migrates by randomly updating the position of its adhesion sites. We start by investigating the case where the cell springs are constant, and then go on to assuming that they depend on the matrix stiffness, on matrices of both uniform stiffness as well as those with a stiffness gradient. We find that the assumption that cell springs depend on the substrate stiffness is necessary and sufficient for an efficient durotactic response. We compare simulations to recent experimental observations of human cancer cells exhibiting durotaxis, which show good qualitative agreement.
Circular Tessera Codes in the Evolution of the Genetic Code
Authors: Fimmel Elena , Starman Martin , Strüngmann Lutz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe origin of the modern genetic code and the mechanisms that have contributed to its present form raise many questions. The main goal of this work is to test two hypotheses concerning the development of the genetic code for their compatibility and complementarity and see if they could benefit from each other. On the one hand, Gonzalez, Giannerini and Rosa developed a theory, based on four-based codons, which they called tesserae. This theory can explain the degeneracy of the modern vertebrate mitochondrial code. On the other hand, in the 1990s, so-called circular codes were discovered in nature, which seem to ensure the maintenance of a correct reading-frame during the translation process. It turns out that the two concepts not only do not contradict each other, but on the contrary complement and enrichen each other.
Selbstselektion beim Bezug des Betreuungsgelds? Eine Analyse bezahlter und unbezahlter Arbeit von Müttern
Authors: Höppner Julia 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDas 2013 eingeführte und bereits zwei Jahre später wieder abgeschaffte bundesweite Betreuungsgeld gehörte zu den kontroversesten Themen der jüngeren deutschen Familienpolitik. Von Seiten politischer Akteure, die das Betreuungsgeld ablehnten, aber auch aus der Forschung wurde die Befürchtung geäußert, dass sich die Leistung negativ auf die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Müttern auswirke und eine traditionelle Aufteilung von bezahlter und unbezahlter Arbeit zwischen Müttern und Vätern befördere. Tatsächlich gibt es eine Reihe von Studien, die eine solche Wirkung des Betreuungsgelds festgestellt haben. Allerdings ist bisher nicht geklärt, ob die gefundenen Effekte der Leistung kausaler Natur sind oder ob eine Selbstselektion der Bezieherinnen dafür ursächlich ist. Der Beitrag geht dieser Frage nach. Auf Basis der Erhebungswellen 2009 bis 2017 des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels werden Mütter untersucht, die ausgehend vom Alter ihrer Kinder die Leistung hätten beziehen können oder dies getan haben. Für die Arbeitszeit, Hausarbeitszeit und Dauer der mütterlichen Kinderbetreuung werden hybride Modelle geschätzt, um die Veränderungen dieser drei Variablen bei Müttern mit und ohne Betreuungsgeldbezug im Zeitverlauf zu analysieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bereits vor der Geburt des Kindes signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen von Müttern bestehen, die auf eine Selbstselektion hinweisen.
High-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of a Self-tapping Timber Screw Under Axial Tensile Loading
Authors: Niebuhr P. , Sieder M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe high-cycle fatigue behavior of a self-tapping timber screw is examined for axial tensile loading with R = 0.1. Based on 71 fatigue tests in the finite-life and long-life regime, Wöhler curves are derived for the failure modes thread area failure and head tear off. Comparisons with existing results of similar tests show equal behavior in the long-life regime and slight differences in the finite-life regime which cannot convincingly be attributed exclusively to either varying testing conditions or differences in the examined population. The fatigue verification according to EN 1993-1-9, detail category 50, is found to be highly conservative, whereas detail category 100 is shown to overestimate the observed fatigue behavior in the finite-life regime. Adding to existing observations on the fatigue behavior of a self-tapping screw, a first assessment of the decisiveness of geometrical and procedural differences in the screws can be made.
Nanotechnological Strategies for Osteoarthritis Diagnosis, Monitoring, Clinical Management, and Regenerative Medicine: Recent Advances and Future Opportunities
Authors: Mohammadinejad Reza , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Pardakhty Abbas , Uzieliene Ilona , Denkovskij Jaroslav , Bernotiene Eiva , Janssen Lauriane , Lorite Gabriela S. , Saarakkala Simo , Mobasheri Ali 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review article, we discuss the potential for employing nanotechnological strategies for the diagnosis, monitoring, and clinical management of osteoarthritis (OA) and explore how nanotechnology is being integrated rapidly into regenerative medicine for OA and related osteoarticular disorders.Recent FindingsWe review recent advances in this rapidly emerging field and discuss future opportunities for innovations in enhanced diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OA and other osteoarticular disorders, the smart delivery of drugs and biological agents, and the development of biomimetic regenerative platforms to support cell and gene therapies for arresting OA and promoting cartilage and bone repair.SummaryNanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, and other nanotechnology-based drug and gene delivery systems may be used for targeting molecular pathways and pathogenic mechanisms involved in OA development. Nanocomposites are also being explored as potential tools for promoting cartilage repair. Nanotechnology platforms may be combined with cell, gene, and biological therapies for the development of a new generation of future OA therapeutics.
Age-Related and Gender-Related Increases in Colorectal Cancer Mortality Rates in Brazil Between 1979 and 2015: Projections for Continuing Rises in Disease
Authors: Martin Francis L. , Morais Camilo L. M. , Sakita Juliana Yumi , Uyemura Sergio Akira , Kannen Vinicius 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeBrazil is the largest country in South America. Although a developing nation, birth rates have been decreasing in the last few decades, while its overall population is undergoing lifestyle changes and ageing significantly. Moreover, Brazil has had increasingly high mortality rates related to colorectal cancer (CRC). Herein, we investigated whether the Brazilian population is exhibiting increasing mortality rates related to colon cancer (CC) or rectal cancer (RC) in recent years.MethodsWe examined data from the Brazilian Federal Government from 1979 to 2015 to determine whether CRC mortality and the population ageing process may be associated.ResultsOur mathematical modelling suggests that mortality rates related to CC and RC events in the Brazilian population may increase by 79% and 66% in the next 24 years, respectively. This finding led us to explore the mortality rates for both diseases in the country, and we observed that the highest levels were in the south and southeast regions from the year 2000 onwards. CC events appear to decrease life expectancy among people during their second decade of life in recent years, whereas RC events induced decreases in life expectancy in those aged >30 years. Additionally, both CC and RC events seem to promote significant mortality rates in the male population aged > 60 years and living in the southern states.ConclusionOur dataset suggests that both CC and RC events may lead to a significantly increasing number of deaths in the Brazilian male population in coming years.
Approaches to Teaching in Professional Training: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Bonnes Caroline , Hochholdinger Sabine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTeaching approaches have been shown to be an important aspect of teaching in school or higher education. Although differing approaches to teaching may play a role in the outcome of professional trainings, they have not yet been further studied in this context. It is first necessary to determine whether the existing approaches to teaching construct can be transferred to the context of professional training and how approaches to teaching can be operationalized for future studies. For a multi-perspective view, we conducted 45 interviews with trainers, human resource development practitioners and trainees. The interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Our results show that the construct can be transferred to professional training. However, to apply the approaches to teaching construct to professional training, some of the underlying categories must be modified. Furthermore, we discuss the need to include new aspects, such as the category of transfer. Implications for further research are presented, including the development of a measurement instrument based on the results.
Characterization of the retinal changes of the 3×Tg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ferreira Hugo , Martins João , Nunes Ana , Moreira Paula I. , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Ambrósio António Francisco , Serranho Pedro , Bernardes Rui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose diagnosis remains a notable challenge. The literature suggests that cerebral changes precede AD symptoms by over two decades, implying a significantly advanced stage of AD by the time it is usually diagnosed. In the study herein, texture analysis was applied to computed optical coherence tomography ocular fundus images to identify differences between a group of the transgenic mouse model of the Alzheimer’s disease (3×Tg-AD) and a group of wild-type mice, at the ages of one and two-months-old. A substantial difference between groups was found at both time-points across all neuroretina’s layers. Here, the inner nuclear layer stands out both in the level of statistically significant differences and on the extension of these differences which span through the imaged area. Also, the progression of AD is suggested to be spotted by texture analysis as demonstrated by the significant difference found in the inner plexiform and the outer nuclear layers from the age of one to the age of two-months-old. These findings demonstrate the potential of the use of the retina and texture analysis to the diagnosis of AD and monitor AD progression. Besides, the differences between groups found in this study suggest that the 3×Tg-AD model may be inappropriate to study early changes associated with the AD and other animal models should be tested following the same path and rationale. Moreover, these results also suggest that the human genes present in these transgenic mice may have an impact on the neurodevelopment of offspring which would justify the significant changes found at the age of one-month-old.
A highly complex variant of the plantaris tendon insertion and its potential clinical relevance
Authors: Kurtys K. , Gonera B. , Olewnik Ł. , Karauda P. , Polguj M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe body is home to a number of unique and intriguing anatomical structures, plenty of which concern the muscles and their tendons. Of these, the plantaris muscle is reported to present a particularly high range of morphological variations. The muscle, passing distally throughout the length of the lower leg, consists of a small muscle belly and a long, thin tendon. It originates, traditionally, on the popliteal surface of the femur and the knee joint capsule, and then inserts to the calcaneal tuberosity. It has been suggested that mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy may be caused by certain plantaris tendon morphologies. This case report describes a new anomalous plantaris tendon insertion, closely related to the Achilles tendon. It comprise four distinct insertions and one direct merge with the calcaneal tendon. The current classification should be extended to accommodate such ‘rare cases’ to facilitate more successful Achilles tendinopathy treatment.
The acceptance of civil drones in Germany
Authors: Eißfeldt H. , Vogelpohl V. , Stolz M. , Papenfuß A. , Biella M. , Belz J. , Kügler D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent years, civil drones have become more and more visible in everyday life. There are numerous reports in the media covering a variety of drone aspects and technical developments. In addition, everyone is used to bird’s-eye views as common features in television, movies and photography. However, little is known about how the public perceives this development. This article reports the results of a representative national study on the acceptance of civilian drones. Overall, a balanced but slightly positive attitude towards civil drones was revealed. Factors analyzed include age, gender, place of residence or interest in technical matters, as well as the individual level of knowledge about the topic. Free verbal associations with the general term drone are described as well as concerns about the usage of civil drones. Concerning different applications of civil drones, results indicate clear approval in Germany for the use of drones in civil protection, rescue missions and research work. However, flights for advertising, leisure and parcel delivery purposes are disagreed with by at least half of those questioned. In the presentation of the results, this article describes social acceptance of civilian drones and thus helps to better understand the perception of civil unmanned aerial vehicles.
A Brief Introduction to Manifold Optimization
Authors: Hu Jiang , Liu Xin , Wen Zai-Wen , Yuan Ya-Xiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractManifold optimization is ubiquitous in computational and applied mathematics, statistics, engineering, machine learning, physics, chemistry, etc. One of the main challenges usually is the non-convexity of the manifold constraints. By utilizing the geometry of manifold, a large class of constrained optimization problems can be viewed as unconstrained optimization problems on manifold. From this perspective, intrinsic structures, optimality conditions and numerical algorithms for manifold optimization are investigated. Some recent progress on the theoretical results of manifold optimization is also presented.
Barometric formulas: various derivations and comparisons to environmentally relevant observations
Authors: Lente Gábor , Ősz Katalin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThree different lines of thinking (mechanical, mixed thermodynamical-mechanical, statistical thermodynamic) are presented to derive the noted barometric formula, which gives the altitude dependence of the pressure of a gas in a gravity field. It is shown that the first two methods can be extended to non-isothermal cases, whereas statistical thermodynamics relies on the concept of thermal equilibrium and its usefulness is limited to the isothermal barometric formula. The temperature changes in the gravity field are taken into account by two different methods: simple conservation of energy, and a more refined line of thought based on the adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas. The changes in gravitational acceleration are also considered in further refinements. Overall, six different formulas are derived and their usefulness is tested on the atmosphere of the Earth. It is found that none of the formulas is particularly useful above an altitude of 20 km because radiation effects make the temperature changes in the atmosphere difficult to predict by simple theories. Finally, the different components of air are also considered separately in the context of the barometric formula, and it is shown that the known composition changes of the atmosphere are primarily caused by photochemical processes and not by the gravity field.Graphical abstract
Lost in Translation? Multiple Discursive Strategies and the Interpretation of Sustainability in the Norwegian Salmon Farming Industry
Authors: Aarset Bernt , Carson Siri Granum , Wiig Heidi , Måren Inger Elisabeth , Marks Jessica 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe term ‘sustainability’ is vague and open to interpretation. In this paper we analyze how firms use the term in an effort to make the concept their own, and how it becomes a premise for further decisions, by applying a bottom-up approach focusing on the interpretation of ‘sustainability’ in the Norwegian salmon-farming industry. The study is based on a strategic selection of informants from the industry and the study design rests on: 1) identification of the main drivers of sustainability, and 2) the application of five different discursive strategies to analyze how the firms maneuver to legitimize ‘sustainability’ in their conduct. We employ the Critical Discourse Analysis framework, which emphasizes how discourses provide different concepts of meaning. The sustainability concept is assessed based on how sustainability is brought into action by social actors in a legitimate way, and how this action results in sustainable practices. The empirical case of the study is the verbal justification of sustainability practices among representatives of the Norwegian salmon-farming industry. We aim to find out how these representatives translate the rather vague directives of the sustainability concept into legitimate choices that resonate with the firms’ contextual environment, hence, how the salmon farmers perceive, explore, interpret, explain, enact, and defend the diverse landscape of sustainability when implementing professional decisions. We found a trend of passive adaptation to external requirements, such as public regulations and regulative requirements from certification bodies. At the same time, there are progressive forces that attempt to improve the sustainability of the farming practices by involvement in research and innovation projects or cooperation with other firms, e.g. the contribution from offshore engineers in developing high seas farms. The strategies outlined and discussed cannot be seen as a typology to categorize the firms. More than one discursive strategy may be involved in one firm’s choice, and the strategies may work on different levels.
Anisotropy-Related Machining Characteristics in Ultra-Precision Diamond Cutting of Crystalline Copper
Authors: Wang Zhanfeng , Zhang Junjie , Li Guo , Xu Zongwei , Zhang Haijun , Zhang Jianguo , Hartmaier Alexander , Fang Fengzhou , Yan Yongda , Sun Tao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeformation behavior at grain levels greatly affects the machining characteristics of crystalline materials. In the present work, we investigate the influence of material anisotropy on ultra-precision diamond cutting of single crystalline and polycrystalline copper by experiments and crystal plasticity finite element simulations. Specifically,
diamond turning and in situ SEM orthogonal cutting experiments are carried out to provide direct experimental evidence of the material anisotropy-dependent cutting results in terms of machined surface morphology and chip profile. Corresponding numerical simulations with the analysis of built stress further validate experimental results and reveal the mechanisms governing the material anisotropy influence.
The above findings provide insight into the fabrication of ultra-smooth surfaces of polycrystalline metals by ultra-precision diamond turning.
An Efficient Solution for Semantic Segmentation of Three Ground‐based Cloud Datasets
Authors: Song Qianqian , Cui Zhihui , Liu Pu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe machine learning approach has shown its state‐of‐the‐art ability to handle segmentation and detection tasks. It is increasingly employed to extract patterns and spatiotemporal features from the ever‐increasing stream of Earth system data. However, there is still a significant challenge, which is the generalization capability of the model on cloud images in different types and weather conditions. After studying several popular methods, we propose a semantic segmentation neural network for cloud segmentation. It extracts features learned by source and target domains in an end‐to‐end behavior, which can address the problem of significant lack of labels in the observed cloud image data. It is further evaluated on the Singapore Whole Sky Image Segmentation (SWIMSEG) dataset by using Mean Intersection‐over‐Union, recall, F‐score, and accuracy matrices. The scores of these matrices are 86%, 97%, 92%, and 96%, which prove that it has excellent efficiency and robustness. Most importantly, a new benchmark based on the SWIMSEG dataset for the task of cloud segmentation is introduced. The others, BENCHMARK, Cirrus Cumulus Stratus Nimbus are evaluated through the model trained from the SWIMSEG dataset by way of visualization.