bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma and the content of hallucinations and post‐traumatic intrusions in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Peach Natalie , Alvarez‐Jimenez Mario , Cropper Simon J. , Sun Pamela , Halpin Emma , O’Connell Jessica , Bendall Sarah 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveIncreasing evidence suggests experiences of childhood trauma may be causally related to the development of hallucinations. Cognitive theories of psychosis suggest post‐traumatic intrusions to be a primary mechanism in this relationship. These theories predict that the content of hallucinations will be related to traumatic experiences; however, few studies have investigated this. This study examined the relationship between childhood trauma, the content of hallucinations, and the content of post‐traumatic intrusions in a sample with first‐episode psychosis.MethodsSixty‐six young people aged 15–25 experiencing a first episode of psychosis were recruited from an early intervention service. Participants completed assessments of traumatic experiences, hallucination content, and post‐traumatic intrusion content using a systematic coding frame. The coding frame assessed for three types of relationships between traumatic experiences, the content of hallucinations, and the content of post‐traumatic intrusions: direct relationships (hallucination content exactly matching the trauma/intrusion), thematic relationships (hallucinations with the same themes as the trauma/intrusion), and no relationship (hallucination and trauma/intrusion content unrelated).ResultsOf those people who reported trauma and hallucinations (n = 36), 22 of these (61%) experienced post‐traumatic intrusions, and of these, 16 (73%) experienced hallucinations that were directly or thematically related to their post‐traumatic intrusions. Twelve people experienced hallucination content directly related to their trauma, six of whom (50%) also had intrusions relating to the same traumatic event as their hallucinations.ConclusionsThe finding that some people experience hallucinations and post‐traumatic intrusions relating to the same traumatic event supports theories proposing a continuum of memory intrusion fragmentation. These results indicate that early intervention services for young people with psychosis should provide assessment and intervention for trauma and PTSD and should consider the impact of past traumatic events on the content of current hallucinatory experience.Practitioner points

Trauma and post‐traumatic stress disorder should be assessed in those experiencing a first episode of psychosis. Interventions for trauma should be offered in early intervention for psychosis services.

In a notable proportion of people, hallucination content is related to traumatic experiences.

Clinical assessment and formulation of hallucinations requires consideration of how past traumatic events may be contributing to hallucinatory experience.

It is important for clinicians to have an understanding of the phenomenological differences between hallucinations and post‐traumatic intrusions when conducting clinical assessments with people with comorbid psychosis and PTSD.
Hydraulic acclimation in a Mediterranean oak subjected to permanent throughfall exclusion results in increased stem hydraulic capacitance
Authors: Salomón Roberto L. , Steppe Kathy , Ourcival Jean M. , Villers Selwyn , Rodríguez‐Calcerrada Jesús , Schapman Roderick , Limousin Jean M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStem water storage capacity and hydraulic capacitance (CS) play a crucial role in tree survival under drought‐stress. To investigate whether CS adjusts to increasing water deficit, variation in stem water content (StWC) was monitored in vivo for 2 years and related to periodical measurements of tree water potential in Mediterranean Quercus ilex trees subjected either to permanent throughfall exclusion (TE) or to control conditions. Seasonal reductions in StWC were larger in TE trees relative to control ones, resulting in greater seasonal CS (154 and 80 kg m−3 MPa−1, respectively), but only during the first phase of the desorption curve, when predawn water potential was above −1.1 MPa. Below this point, CS decreased substantially and did not differ between treatments (<20 kg m−3 MPa−1). The allometric relationship between tree diameter and sapwood area, measured via electrical resistivity tomography, was not affected by TE. Our results suggest that (a) CS response to water deficit in the drought‐tolerant Q. ilex might be more important to optimize carbon gain during well‐hydrated periods than to prevent drought‐induced embolism formation during severe drought stress, and (b) enhanced CS during early summer does not result from proportional increases in sapwood volume, but mostly from increased elastic water.
Sally–Anne test and regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease dementia
Authors: Takenoshita Shintaro , Hayashi Satoshi , Shinya Takayoshi , Miki Tomoko , Yokota Osamu , Maki Yohko , Hattori Hideyuki , Yamada Norihito , Terada Seishi 
Published: March 2020

AimIt was recently reported that theory of mind is disturbed in mild Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD). Some studies have reported reduced scores of ADD patients on false belief tests, even on first‐order false belief tests. However, few studies have pursued the neural substrate of false belief tests in patients with ADD in a real‐world setting.MethodsSixty‐three patients with ADD from outpatient units took the Sally–Anne test and underwent brain single‐photon emission computed tomography. Of these patients, 29 answered the Sally–Anne test correctly (successful group) and 34 incorrectly (unsuccessful group). We compared the regional cerebral blood flow between the successful and unsuccessful groups.ResultsA comparison of the two groups showed a significantly lower uptake in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus in the unsuccessful group than in the successful group.ConclusionsThe posterior cingulate gyrus is known to be particularly activated when individuals remember personal events and infer the mental states of others. We suppose that memory or mentalization in the posterior cingulate gyrus—or both—is essential for patients with ADD to be able to pass the Sally–Anne test.
Coeval deposition of transgressive and normal regressive stratal packages in a structurally controlled area of the Viking Formation, central Alberta, Canada
Authors: Schultz Sarah K. , MacEachern James A. , Catuneanu Octavian , Dashtgard Shahin E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVariability in accommodation and sedimentation rates within a basin generates significant deviations in the along‐strike stratal stacking patterns of systems tracts. This variability can lead to coeval depositional units that record the juxtaposition of transgressive (retrogradational) and regressive (progradational) stratal stacking patterns. In scenarios where transgressive and regressive units are deposited concurrently, challenges arise when attempting to correlate and place systems tracts into a sequence stratigraphic framework. In these scenarios, the maximum flooding surface records a high level of diachroneity, with the position of the surface variable throughout the stratigraphic column. In this study, Viking Formation (late Albian) deposits in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, central Alberta, Canada, preserve significant along‐strike variability of palaeoshorelines that developed in response to autogenic processes as well as allogenic controls that were active during deposition. Specifically, structural reactivation of Precambrian basement structures during Viking deposition led to significant variability in depositional environments along the palaeoshoreline. The incremental basement reactivation of the Precambrian Snowbird Tectonic Zone influenced sedimentation patterns and the creation of anomalous zones of accommodation in localized areas of the basin. Across fault boundaries and within the anomalously thick strata, both progradational and retrogradational stacking patterns occur within broadly contemporaneous deposits, complicating the correlation of stratigraphic units. While the concomitant deposition of transgressive and regressive units has been documented in a number of modern marine analogues, the concept is rarely applied to ancient successions. By identifying along‐strike variabilities in shoreline geometries and incorporating the autogenic and allogenic controls that were active during deposition, a more accurate sequence stratigraphic framework can be proposed.
Improvement of the digital image correlation close to the borders of an object
Authors: Baconnais M. , Réthoré J. , François M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe measurement error of the finite‐element‐based Digital Image Correlation is reduced along the borders of an object by using the precise measurement, obtained by Virtual Image Correlation (VIC). The proposed method is called Virtual and Digital Image Correlation (VDIC). The boundary, identified by the VIC with a subpixel precision, is used firstly to create an adapted mesh and secondly to create a pixel mask. Futhermore, the VDIC also uses the VIC measurement of the boundary in the deformed state as a constraint on the radial displacement field along the border. The optimal values of the parameters of the VDIC are discussed throughout a sensitivity analysis. The compared performances of the constrained and unconstrained VDIC are obtained thanks to a synthetic test of a plate with a hole in tension. Finally, the method is checked on a sample geometry which includes holes and a U‐shaped notch.
Numerical Study of Rotor–Stator Interaction of a Centrifugal Pump at Part Load With Special Emphasis on Unsteady Blade Load
Authors: Casimir Nicolas , Zhu Xiangyuan , Hundshagen Markus , Ludwig Gerhard , Skoda Romuald 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) flow simulations are conducted to investigate the highly unsteady flow field at part load operation of a centrifugal pump. By the availability of unsteady flow field measurement data in the impeller wake region, a thorough validation of the simulation method is performed. Grid independence of the results is ensured. Unsteady characteristics in terms of head and shaft power as well as transient blade loads are evaluated to assess the unsteady pump performance. Significant mis-loading of the blading is revealed when one blade passes the volute tongue and associated with the strong unsteady and 3D flow field in the impeller-volute tongue region. Negative radial velocity in the tongue region is the origin of a vortex at the blade pressure side and a subsequent pressure drop that leads to even temporally negative blade loading. The results provide a detailed insight in the complex part load flow field that might be utilized for an improved pump design. As a valuable secondary outcome, a comparison of results obtained by two widely used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes for pump flow simulation is provided, i.e., the commercial code ansyscfx and the branch foam-extend of the open source software openfoam. It is found that the results of both methods in terms of unsteady characteristics as well as local ensemble-averaged velocity field are consistent.
Effects of Wall Slip on Convective Heat Transfers of Giesekus Fluid in Microannulus
Authors: Moayed Mohseni Mehdi , Tissot Gilles , Badawi Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConvective heat transfer and effect of nonlinear wall slip are studied analytically in concentric microannulus for viscoelastic fluids obeying the Giesekus constitutive equation. Laminar, thermally, and hydrodynamically fully developed flow is considered. A nonlinear Navier model with nonzero slip critical shear stress is employed for the slip equation at both walls. Critical shear stress will cause three slip flow regimes: no slip condition, slip only at the inner wall, and slip at both walls. Thermal boundary conditions are assumed to be peripherally and axially constant fluxes at the walls. Governing equations are solved to obtain temperature profiles and Nusselt number and effects of slip parameters, elasticity, and Brinkman number are discussed. Two regimes are compared when slip occurs at both walls or only at the inner wall. The results indicate that by increasing slip effect and elasticity, heat transfer between wall and fluid is enhanced, but it decreases by increasing Brinkman number. In the case where the heat flux is dominant in the outer wall, the inner wall Nusselt curve shows a singularity for a critical Brinkman number because at this Brinkman number the bulk temperature will be equal to the wall temperature.
The Effects of Layer-by-Layer Thickness and Fiber Volume Fraction Variation on the Mechanical Performance of a Pressure Vessel
Authors: Özaslan Emre , Yetgin Ali , Acar Bülent , Coşkun Volkan , Olğar Tarık 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Due to high stiffness/weight ratio, composite materials are widely used in aerospace applications such as motor case of rockets which can be regarded as a pressure vessel. The most commonly used method to manufacture pressure vessels is the wet filament winding. However, the mechanical performance of a filament wound pressure vessel directly depends on the manufacturing process, manufacturing site environmental condition, and material properties of matrix and fiber. The designed pressure vessel may not be manufactured because of the mentioned issues. Therefore, manufacturing of filament wound composite structures are based on manufacturing experience and experiment. In this study, effects of layer-by-layer thickness and fiber volume fraction variation due to manufacturing process on the mechanical performance were investigated for filament wound pressure vessel with unequal dome openings. First, the finite element model was created for designed thickness dimensions and constant material properties for all layers. Then, the model was updated. The updated finite element model considered the thickness of each layer separately and variation of fiber volume fraction between the layers. Effects of the thickness and fiber volume fraction on the stress distribution along the motor axial direction were shown. Also hydrostatic pressurization tests were performed to verify finite element analysis in terms of fiber direction strain through the motor case outer surface. Important aspects of analyzing a filament wound pressure vessel were addressed for designers.
Use of the Discrete Transfer Method for Determination of the Radiation Heat Transfer in a Building Environment
Authors: Ganem Ricardo , Kirkpatrick Allan T. , Burns Patrick 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to evaluate comfort conditions inside a room it is necessary to estimate the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) distribution on it. The generally accepted method to calculate radiation exchange within non-participating enclosures is the Radiosity Intensity Method (RIM). However it is very difficult to compute mean radiant temperatures with this method. This paper proposes the use of a new version of the Discrete Transfer Method (DTM). The DTM has been used before inside combustion chambers and furnaces but rarely in non-participating enclosures, such as a room. However, the Discrete Transfer Method can be used in these kind of enclosures, as this paper demonstrates, to compute the mean radiant temperature. The types of building enclosures examined are ones with with radiant heating panels, windows, and direct solar gain.
Ground-Coupled Heat and Moisture Transfer From Buildings: Part 1 — Analysis and Modeling
Authors: Deru Michael P. , Kirkpatrick Allan T. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Ground-heat transfer is tightly coupled with soil-moisture transfer. The coupling is threefold: heat is transferred by thermal conduction and by moisture transfer; the thermal properties of soil are strong functions of the moisture content; and moisture phase change includes latent heat effects and changes in thermal and hydraulic properties. A heat and moisture transfer model was developed to study the ground-coupled heat and moisture transfer from buildings. The model also includes detailed considerations of the atmospheric boundary conditions, including precipitation. Solutions for the soil temperature distribution are obtained using a finite element procedure. The model compared well with the seasonal variation of measured ground temperatures.
The Salt River Project SunDish Dish-Stirling System
Authors: Mayette Jessica B. , Davenport Roger L. , Forristall Russell E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The SunDish is a solar thermal power system designed to produce utility-grade electricity from concentrated sunlight. The system is based on a reflective solar dish concentrator that concentrates solar energy to a Stirling engine/generator, producing a net output of up to 22kW at 1000 W/sq. m. of insolation (Stine and Diver, 1994). Salt River Project (SRP), Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), STM Corporation, and the U.S. Department of Energy have cooperated to install and operate a prototype SunDish at the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community Landfill (SRP-MICL) in Tempe, Arizona. Operational results and experiences are discussed. At the site, methane gas is collected from the landfill and used as fuel in the SunDish to generate electricity when sunlight is not available due to clouds, and at night. Gas operation has presented some challenges, and operational experiences and incidents are discussed. Finally, design changes and system improvements that have resulted from operation of the prototype SunDish are discussed.
A Study of the Performance of a Hybrid Liquid Desiccant Cooling System Using Lithium Chloride
Authors: Mago Pedro , Goswami D. Yogi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A hybrid desiccant system using aqueous lithium chloride was studied by simulation, laboratory test, and field tests. This paper presents field test of a hybrid solar liquid desiccant cooling system conducted at a test house at the University of Florida’s Energy Research and Education Park. These tests consisted of operating the air conditioning system at the test house in two configurations: the conventional vapor compression system and the hybrid desiccant system. For each configuration the system was operated in two modes: recirculation, and 100% ventilation air.
Experiments were conduct to study the influence of the air mass flow rate, temperature of the inlet air, temperature of the desiccant, and desiccant mass flow rate on the performance of both system configurations.
Based on the field test results it was found that the hybrid desiccant system improves the air conditioning performance in the field test house by decreasing the outlet humidity and temperature of the air. It was also found that the hybrid desiccant cooling system is more cost effective for the case 100% fresh air ventilation than recirculation.
Simulation of an Air-Cooled Solar-Assisted Absorption Air Conditioning System
Authors: Solari L. H. Alva , González J. E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the technical feasibility of using a compact, air-cooled, solar-assisted, absorption air conditioning system in Puerto Rico and similar regions. Computer simulations were conducted to evaluate the system’s performance when subjected to dynamic cooling loads. Within the computer model, heat and mass balances are conducted on each component of the system, including the solar collectors, thermal storage tank, the air-cooled condenser, and the air-cooled absorber. Guidance on component design and insight into the effects of such operating factors as ambient air temperature were gained from exercising the simulation model. Comparisons are made with an absorption air conditioning system that uses a cooling tower instead of air-cooled components. The particular absorption system of study is one that uses lithium bromide and water as the absorbent and refrigerant, respectively. The heat input to the absorption system generator is provided by an array of flat plate collectors that are coupled to a thermal storage tank. Systems having nominal cooling capacities of 10.5, 14, and 17.5 kW were considered. Useful information about the number of collectors needed, storage tank volume and efficiency of the overall system is presented.
A Method for Measuring the Creep Behavior of Pressurized Polymer Tubing
Authors: Wu Chunhui , Mantell Susan C. , Davidson Jane H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Polymer components have been proposed for use in domestic solar hot water heating systems. A polymer heat exchanger is under development for such systems. For heat transfer considerations, the heat exchanger will be comprised of many thin walled tubes. The heat exchanger must survive 10 years of service at high pressure (1.55 MPa) and high temperature (82°C). A novel method has been developed for evaluating the long term performance (creep) of the polymer tubing. Traditional creep testing, performed with dog bone test specimens can not be applied because the thin walled tubing has anisotropic material properties. Consequently, performance must be evaluated directly on the extruded tubing. The method entails wrapping a Constantan wire around the tube specimen to continuously record the hoop strain. For pressure loading of tubing, this method offers significant improvements over strain gage instrumentation. In this paper, the test method is described, an analysis of the strain transfer between the tubing and wire wrap is presented, and strain data for polypropylene tubing measured with a strain gage and wire wrap are compared. The data show that the wire measurement method can be successfully used for the characterization of long term mechanical behavior of polymer tubes.
The Thermal Penalty of an Immersed Heat Exchanger in Integral Collector Storage System
Authors: Arora Saurabh , Davidson Jane , Burch Jay , Mantell Susan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The use of a heat exchanger in solar water heating systems reduces the overall system efficiency. In this paper, we derive a simple “penalty factor” that gives the fractional reduction in thermal efficiency imposed by a heat exchanger immersed in an isothermal integral collector storage (ICS) system. The penalty factor depends only on the effectiveness of the heat exchanger, the capacitance of the hot water delivered, and the product of the loss coefficient and aperture area of the ICS. This factor allows the designer to select an appropriate heat exchanger without extensive simulation or experiments. Application of the penalty factor for a load-side (or on-demand) heat exchanger, which operates intermittently at varying flow rates, is discussed and illustrated through example.
Wind Heat Loss From Corrugated, Transpired Solar Collectors
Authors: Gawlik Keith M. , Kutscher Charles F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Heat transfer from a perforated, sinusoidal plate with suction to air flowing over the plate, perpendicular to the corrugations, has been studied numerically and experimentally. This study used a numerical model, validated by wind tunnel tests and hot wire anemometer/resistance thermometer measurements, to determine the heat loss to the air stream over the plate as a function of wind speed, suction velocity, and plate geometry. Both attached and separated flow regimes were observed, and the criterion for flow attachment was determined to be ReV0,P≥6.93ReU∞,A0.5. Correlations were developed for heat transfer to the air stream for each flow regime. For attached flow, the heat transfer can be represented as Nuatt = Nuflat{1 + 0.81 (A/P)0.5}. For separated flow, the following correlation applies: Nusep = 2.05(A/P)1.40Re1.63
Reducing the Costs of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Dunlop James P. , Farhi Brian N. , Post Harold N. , Szaro Jennifer S. , Ventre Gerard G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents alternative approaches for reducing the costs of roof-mounted, grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Six cost reduction approaches are presented, together with examples, data and information from Florida and other states. Finally, the paper identifies these areas on which efforts should be focused to achieve the 2020 cost goals established by the U.S. photovoltaic industry.