bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges for hydropeaking mitigation in an ice‐covered river: A case study of the Eg hydropower plant, Mongolia
Authors: Sukhbaatar Chinzorig , Sodnom Tumurchudur , Hauer Christoph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn addition to the well‐known biotic response to hydropeaking, the occurrence of ice, its interrelation with hydropeaking and possible mitigation are still poorly investigated. The goal of this study was to determine the impacts of hydropeaking on ice formation and the design of possible mitigation measures in the cold Mongolian climate. The study was conducted for the Eg hydropower plant, which is intended to be built on the lower course of the Eg River in northern Mongolia. To achieve this aim, representative hydrographs of three scenarios, that is, (a) unregulated flow, (b) regulated flow without mitigation measures and (c) flow regulated by a downstream buffer dam, were defined using the reservoir simulation model HEC‐ResSim. These three hydrological scenarios were compared according to the hydraulic parameters and the predicted ice formation and simulated by the HEC‐RAS hydraulic model, especially for the cold season from November to February. The results show that the river morphology interacts with hydropeaking, with ice walls building up along both banks of the river in the dewatering areas. The build‐up of ice walls increases the risk of flood damage downstream due to melting ice jams, as the braided active channels are covered by ice up to a width of 2.6 km and a maximum depth of 3.0 m due to hydropeaking. In conclusion, it was found that high priority has to be given to achieving hydrological mitigation with the proposed buffer dam.
Evidence-Based PET for Thoracic Tumours
Authors: Lococo Filippo , Cesario Alfredo , Margaritora Stefano , Treglia Giorgio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is a robust imaging tool that is currently used in daily clinical practice for the evaluation of thoracic malignancies. This chapter provides an overview of the current evidence-based data on the usefulness of PET/CT for the evaluation of patients with thoracic tumours including lung cancer, pleural and thymic tumours, and esophageal cancer.
Does playing a wind instrument influence tooth position and facial morphology?
Authors: van der Weijden F. N. , Kuitert R. B. , Lobbezoo F. , Valkenburg C. , van der Weijden G. A. , Slot D. E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To systematically search the scientific literature concerning the influence of playing a wind instrument on tooth position and/or facial morphology.

Methods
The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched up to September 2019. Orthodontic journals were hand searched and grey literature was sought via Google Scholar. Observational studies and (randomized) controlled clinical trials that assessed tooth position and/or facial morphology by profile cephalograms, dental casts or clinical examination were included. The potential risk of bias was assessed. Data from wind instrument players and controls were extracted. Descriptive analysis and meta-analysis were performed.

Results
In total, 10 eligible studies with a cross-sectional (n = 7) or longitudinal design (n = 3) and an estimated low to serious risk of bias were included. Sample sizes ranged from 36 to 170 participants, varying from children to professional musicians. Descriptive analysis indicated that adults playing a single-reed instrument may have a larger overjet than controls. Playing a brass instrument might be associated with an increase in maxillary and mandibular intermolar width among children. Longitudinal data showed less increase in anterior facial height among brass and single-reed players between the age of 6 and 15. Children playing a wind instrument showed thicker lips than controls. Meta-analysis revealed that after a follow-up of 6 months to 3 years, children playing brass instruments had a significant reduction in overjet as compared to controls. The magnitude of the effect was of questionable clinical relevance and the generalizability was limited.

Conclusions
Playing a wind instrument can influence tooth position and facial morphology in both children and adults. Aspects that stand out are overjet, arch width, facial divergence/convergence and lip thickness. However, evidence was sparse and the strength of the premise emerging from this review was graded to be “very low”.
Transcriptomes from German shepherd dogs reveal differences in immune activity between atopic dermatitis affected and control skin
Authors: Tengvall K. , Bergvall K. , Olsson M. , Ardesjö-Lundgren B. , Farias F. H. G. , Kierczak M. , Hedhammar Å. , Lindblad-Toh K. , Andersson G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCanine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors described. We performed mRNA sequencing of non-lesional axillary skin biopsies from nine German shepherd dogs. Obtained RNA sequences were mapped to the dog genome (CanFam3.1) and a high-quality skin transcriptome was generated with 23,510 expressed gene transcripts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined by comparing three controls to five treated CAD cases. Using a leave-one-out analysis, we identified seven DEGs: five known to encode proteins with functions related to an activated immune system (CD209,CLEC4G,LOC102156842(lipopolysaccharide-binding protein-like),LOC480601(regakine-1-like),LOC479668(haptoglobin-like)), one (OBP) encoding an odorant-binding protein potentially connected to rhinitis, and the last (LOC607095) encoding a novel long non-coding RNA. Furthermore, high mRNA expression of inflammatory genes was found in axillary skin from an untreated mild CAD case compared with healthy skin. In conclusion, we define genes with different expression patterns in CAD case skin helping us understand post-treatment atopic skin. Further studies in larger sample sets are warranted to confirm and to transfer these results into clinical practice.
Curing kinetics and ionic interactions in layered double hydroxides–nitrile rubber Mg–Al-LDHs–XNBR composites
Authors: Lipińska Magdalena , Gaca Magdalena , Zaborski Marian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe carboxylated butadiene–acrylonitrile XNBR composites containing layered double hydroxides (Mg–Al-LDHs) were prepared with the aim to investigate the effect of various Mg:Al ratio in the filler composition on the rheological behavior, kinetic of curing and viscoelastic properties of final material. Due to the presence of metal cations, LDHs can form ionic cross-links with carboxylic functional groups of XNBR nitrile rubber. The DSC analysis indicated lower ranges of curing temperatures as the Mg:Al ratio raised (90–184 °C for Pural MG63, 88–187 °C for Pural MG70). The apparent energy of activation Ea decreased with increasing Mg:Al ratio reaching the value of 111.46 kJˑmole−1 for XNBR composite containing Pural MG70. The rheological analysis revealed the presence of specific polymer–nanofillers and fillers–fillers interactions. The XNBR–LDHs rubbers exhibited two transitions corresponding to the glass temperature of elastomer Tg (in range of −13.08 to −13.60 °C) and the ionic transition temperature Tα′ (in range of 32.95–37.90 °C). The ionic transition temperature Tα′ was not observed for the nitrile rubber composite containing Pural MG5 with the lowest Mg:Al ratio. The formed ordered ionic phase significantly affected the viscoelastic behavior of XNBR composites at room and sub-zero temperatures leading to the increase in the storage modulus G′. Therefore, among the various possible applications of LDHs, their use in rubber technology offers the potential for production of environmentally friendly rubber products cured without any additional curatives.
Transition from laparoscopic to robotic rectal resection: outcomes and learning curve of the initial 100 cases
Authors: Olthof Pim B. , Giesen Louis J. X. , Vijfvinkel Teddy S. , Roos Daphne , Dekker Jan Willem T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Following several landmark trials, laparoscopic rectal resection has reached standard clinical practice. Current literature is undecided on the advantages of robotic rectal resection and little is known on its learning curve. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of the first 100 robotic rectal resections to the laparoscopic approach in a teaching hospital experienced in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted of a prospective cohort of all consecutive rectal resections between January 2012 and September 2019 at a single center. All laparoscopic cases were compared to the robotic approach. Outcomes included operative time, morbidity, anastomotic leakage, and hospital stay.

Results
Out of the 326 consecutive resections, 100 were performed robotically and 220 laparoscopically, the remaining 6 open cases were excluded. Median operative time was lower for robotic cases (147 (121–167) versus 162 (120–218) minutes P = 0.024). Overall morbidity was lower in robotic cases (25% versus 50%, P < 0.001), while major morbidity was similar. Anastomotic leakage was observed in 11% (8/70) of robotic and 15% (18/120) of laparoscopic anastomoses, despite more anastomoses in the robotic group (70%, 70/100 versus 55%, 120/220, P = 0.001). Median length of stay was 4 (4–7) days after a robotic and 6 (5–9) days after a laparoscopic procedure.

Discussion
Implementation of a robotic rectal resection program in an experienced laparoscopic surgery center was associated with reduced operative time, length of stay, and fewer complications despite a learning curve.
Progress in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method to Simulate and Post-process Numerical Simulations of Annular Airblast Atomizers
Authors: Chaussonnet G. , Dauch T. , Keller M. , Okraschevski M. , Ates C. , Schwitzke C. , Koch R. , Bauer H.-J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper illustrates recent progresses in the development of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to simulate and post-process liquid spray generation. The simulation of a generic annular airblast atomizer is presented, in which a liquid sheet is fragmented by two concentric counter swirling air streams. The accent is put on how the SPH method can bridge the gap between the CAD geometry of a nozzle and its characterization, in terms of spray characteristics and dynamics. In addition, the Lagrangian nature of the SPH method allows to extract additional data to give further insight in the spraying process. First, the sequential breakup events can be tracked from one large liquid blob to very fine stable droplets. This is herein called the tree of fragmentation. From this tree of fragmentation, abstract quantities can be drawn such as the breakup activity and the fragmentation spectrum. Second, the Lagrangian coherent structures in the turbulent flow can be determined easily with the finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE). The extraction of the FTLE is particularly feasible in the SPH framework. Finally, it is pointed out that there is no universal and ultimate non-dimensional number that can characterize airblast primary breakup. Depending on the field of interest, a non-dimensional number (e.g. Weber number) might be more appropriate than another one (e.g. momentum flux ratio) to characterize the regime, and vice versa.
Sex Bias and Social Influences on Savanna Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) Nest Building Behavior
Authors: Stewart Fiona A. , Pruetz Jill D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany primates show sex differences in behavior, particularly social behavior, but also tool use for extractive foraging. All great apes learn to build a supportive structure for sleep. Whether sex differences exist in building, as in extractive foraging, is unknown, and little is known about how building skills develop and vary between individuals in the wild. We therefore aimed to describe the nesting behavior of savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Fongoli, Senegal to provide comparative data and to investigate possible sex or age differences in nest building behaviors and nest characteristics. We followed chimpanzee groups to their night nesting sites to record group (55 nights) and individual level data (17 individuals) on nest building initiation and duration (57 nests) during the dry season between October 2007 and March 2008. We returned the following morning to record nest and tree characteristics (71 nests built by 25 individuals). Fongoli chimpanzees nested later than reported for other great apes, but no sex differences in initiating building emerged. Observations were limited but suggest adult females and immature males to nest higher, in larger trees than adult males, and adult females to take longer to build than either adult or immature males. Smaller females and immature males may avoid predation or access thinner, malleable branches, by nesting higher than adult males. These differences suggest that sex differences described for chimpanzee tool use may extend to nest building, with females investing more time and effort in constructing a safe, warm structure for sleep than males do.
The effect of feeding culture media with biogenetic precursors on high production of depsides in agitated shoot cultures of black and red aronias
Authors: Szopa Agnieszka , Kubica Paweł , Komsta Łukasz , Walkowicz-Bożek Aleksandra , Ekiert Halina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAgitated shoot cultures of two aronias, Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott and Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers., were maintained on Murashige & Skoog medium (1 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l NAA), both with and without the addition of various biosynthetic precursors of phenolic acids and depsides (phenylalanine, cinnamic acid, benzoic acid and caffeic acid). Each substance was added in 5 concentrations (0.1–10 mmol/l), each concentration at two time points (at the beginning and on the 10th day of cultures). Twenty-four phenolic acids were determined in methanolic extracts of the biomasses collected after 20 days of growth cycles by means of HPLC method with DAD detection. The presence of seven compounds was confirmed in all the extracts—five depsides (neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, cryptochlorogenic, isochlorogenic and rosmarinic acids), and syringic and caffeic acids. The main metabolites in A. melanocarpa shoot extracts were isochlorogenic, chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids (max. 249.88, 450.35, 192.16 mg/100 g DW). The main metabolites in A. arbutifolia shoot extracts were: chlorogenic, isochlorogenic and cryptochlorogenic acids (max. 361.60, 224.5, 526.2 mg/100 g DW). The largest total amounts of the compounds were confirmed in the cultures of both aronias after the addition of cinnamic acid (989.79 and 661.77 mg/100 g DW, respectively) and caffeic acid (854.99 and 1098.46 mg/100 g DW, respectively) at concentrations of 5 mmol/l on 10th day of growth cycles. These maximum amounts were 3.41, 3.42, 2.95 and 5.67 times higher, respectively, than in the control cultures. This is the first report documenting the high production of depsides in shoot cultures of black and red aronias after feeding with their biosynthetic precursors.
SpeckleGAN: a generative adversarial network with an adaptive speckle layer to augment limited training data for ultrasound image processing
Authors: Bargsten Lennart , Schlaefer Alexander 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In the field of medical image analysis, deep learning methods gained huge attention over the last years. This can be explained by their often improved performance compared to classic explicit algorithms. In order to work well, they need large amounts of annotated data for supervised learning, but these are often not available in the case of medical image data. One way to overcome this limitation is to generate synthetic training data, e.g., by performing simulations to artificially augment the dataset. However, simulations require domain knowledge and are limited by the complexity of the underlying physical model. Another method to perform data augmentation is the generation of images by means of neural networks.

Methods
We developed a new algorithm for generation of synthetic medical images exhibiting speckle noise via generative adversarial networks (GANs). Key ingredient is a speckle layer, which can be incorporated into a neural network in order to add realistic and domain-dependent speckle. We call the resulting GAN architecture SpeckleGAN.

Results
We compared our new approach to an equivalent GAN without speckle layer. SpeckleGAN was able to generate ultrasound images with very crisp speckle patterns in contrast to the baseline GAN, even for small datasets of 50 images. SpeckleGAN outperformed the baseline GAN by up to 165 % with respect to the Fréchet Inception distance. For artery layer and lumen segmentation, a performance improvement of up to 4 % was obtained for small datasets, when these were augmented with images by SpeckleGAN.

Conclusion
SpeckleGAN facilitates the generation of realistic synthetic ultrasound images to augment small training sets for deep learning based image processing. Its application is not restricted to ultrasound images but could be used for every imaging methodology that produces images with speckle such as optical coherence tomography or radar.
Investigation of C–N Formation Between Catechols and Chitosan for the Formation of a Strong, Novel Adhesive Mimicking Mussel Adhesion
Authors: Capitain Charlotte , Wagner Sebastian , Hummel Joana , Tippkötter Nils 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMussel-inspired catechol-containing polymers provide a promising basis for developing strong biogenic adhesives. In order to develop such an adhesive, chitosan was functionalized with protocatechuic acid (PCA) via a Michael-type addition. Kinetic models for the C–N bond formation between primary amines and catechols via Michael-type addition suggest that the reaction is promoted by a low pKa value of the primary amine used and a neutral or mildly acidic reaction pH. Since the pKa of chitosan is below 7, spontaneous reactions with catechols were expected, as was confirmed using FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy where spontaneous reactions occurred at pH 5 and 6.5. FT-IR spectroscopy further validated the kinetic model by showing that the spontaneous reaction between chitosan and PCA did not occur at a pH of 1. While laccases accelerated the C–N bond formation between chitosan and catechols, the formation of either PCA-chitosan agglomerates or DHC-chitosan hydrogels was promoted. For a PCA-functionalized chitosan an adhesion strength of 4.56 ± 0.54 MPa (on sand blasted aluminum surfaces) was achieved. Since the functionalization and curing process uses naturally occurring substances exclusively and is free of toxic chemicals, a novel and sustainable bio-adhesive was developed.Graphic Abstract
The properties of reservoir water in post-mining excavations of Cambrian and Devonian quartzite sandstones (Holy Cross Mountains)
Authors: Molenda Tadeusz , Ciupa Tadeusz , Suligowski Roman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the Holy Cross Mountains (southern Poland), there are numerous disused quarries. Some of these are filled with water, and some, despite their nearby location, have extremely diverse physicochemical and chemical properties of their waters. One such object is the Wiśniówka Mała reservoir. Its waters contain large amounts of sulfates (> 700 mg/L) and iron (24 mg/L), which are weathering products of rocks containing metal sulfides (mainly pyrite) in the direct drainage zone. As a consequence, there is an increase in the electrolytic conductivity of the water supplying the reservoir, resulting in very low pH values (< 4). This article presents the detailed limnological characteristics of this reservoir and explains the process that led to its water acidification. A control reservoir, Barcza, was also selected for the tests. Although it is also a post-mining excavation, it has a neutral pH and a low concentration of sulfates and iron. The examined reservoirs differ in the hydrochemical type of waters. The Wiśniówka Mała reservoir represents a sulfate–calcium double-ion type (SO42−–Ca2+) and the Barcza reservoir, a bicarbonate–calcium type (HCO3−–Ca2+). The concentrations of the main ions occurring here are shaped by the lithological features of the surrounding rocks (respectively: Upper Cambrian quartzite sandstones with pyrite mineralization zones, Lower Devonian sandstones cut by mudstones and claystones with tuffite inserts).
Does Information Change Attitudes Toward Immigrants?
Authors: Grigorieff Alexis , Roth Christopher , Ubfal Diego 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStrategies aimed at reducing negative attitudes toward immigrants are at the core of integration policies. A large literature shows that misperceptions about the size and characteristics of immigrants are common. A few studies implemented interventions to correct innumeracy regarding the size of the immigrant population, but they did not detect any effects on attitudes. We study whether providing information not only about the size but also about the characteristics of the immigrant population can have stronger effects. We conduct two online experiments with samples from the United States, providing one-half of the participants with five statistics about immigration. This information bundle improves people’s attitudes toward current legal immigrants. Most effects are driven by Republicans and other groups with more negative initial attitudes toward immigrants. In our second experiment, we show that treatment effects persist one month later. Finally, we analyze a large cross-country survey experiment to provide external validity to the finding that information about the size of the foreign-born population is not enough to change policy views. We conclude that people with negative views on immigration before the intervention can become more supportive of immigration if their misperceptions about the characteristics of the foreign-born population are corrected.
Secondary tension pneumothorax in a COVID-19 pneumonia patient: a case report
Authors: Spiro Judith E. , Sisovic Snezana , Ockert Ben , Böcker Wolfgang , Siebenbürger Georg 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Especially in elderly and multimorbid patients, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may result in severe pneumonia and secondary complications. Recent studies showed pneumothorax in rare cases, but tension pneumothorax has only been reported once.

Case presentation
A 47-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department with fever, dry cough and sore throat for the last 14 days as well as acute stenocardia and shortage of breath. Sputum testing (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Initial computed tomography (CT) showed bipulmonary groundglass opacities and consolidations with peripheral distribution. Hospitalization with supportive therapy (azithromycin) as well as non-invasive oxygenation led to a stabilization of the patient. After 5 days, sputum testing was negative and IgA/IgG antibody titres were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The patient was discharged after 7 days.
On the 11th day, the patient realized pronounced dyspnoea after coughing and presented to the emergency department again. CT showed a right-sided tension pneumothorax, which was relieved by a chest drain (Buelau) via mini open thoracotomy. Negative pressure therapy resulted in regression of the pneumothorax and the patient was discharged after 9 days of treatment.

Conclusion
Treating physicians should be aware that COVID-19 patients might develop severe secondary pulmonary complications such as acute tension pneumothorax.

Level of evidence
V