bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechano-responsive hydrogen-bonding array of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer captures both strength and self-healing
Authors: Eom Youngho , Kim Seon-Mi , Lee Minkyung , Jeon Hyeonyeol , Hwang Sung Yeon , Park Jeyoung , Oh Dongyeop 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Self-repairable materials strive to emulate curable and resilient biological tissue; however, their performance is currently insufficient for commercialization purposes because mending and toughening are mutually exclusive. Here, we report a carbonate-type thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer that self-heals at 35 °C and is as strong as footwear elastomers. This elastomer exhibits the highest tensile strength to date (43 MPa). Distinctively, it has abundant carbonyl groups in soft-segments and is fully amorphous with negligible phase separation due to poor hard-segment stacking. It operates in dual mechano-responsive mode through a reversible disorder-to-order transition of its hydrogen-bonding array; it heals when static and toughens when dynamic. In static mode, non-crystalline hard segments promote dynamic exchange of disordered carbonyl hydrogen-bonds for self-healing. The amorphous phase forms stiff crystals when stretched through a transition that orders inter-chain hydrogen bonding. The phase and strain fully return to the pre-stressed state after release to repeat healing process.
Dexamethasone and Lidocaine Suppress Eosinophilopoiesis from Umbilical Cord Blood Cells
Authors: Muraki Masato , Kita Hirohito , Gleich Gerald J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Eosinophils play an important role in allergic inflammation . Glucocorticosteroids have been used as an anti-inflammatory medication for inflammatory diseases involving eosinophil infiltration. Likewise, lidocaine, a local anaesthetic, is used to treat certain patients with asthma, which is also an inflammatory disease. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of dexamethasone and lidocaine on eosinophil proliferation and differentiation using a model of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCMC) cultured with IL-5.Methods: UCMC were cultured with IL-5 (5 ng/mL) for 4 weeks. The effects of dexamethasone and lidocaine on the number and morphology of eosinophilic cells were visualized with Wright-Giemsa and cyanide-resistant peroxidase stains . Moreover, the effect on eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) contents in cultured cells were evaluated using radioimmunoassay.Results: The number of eosinophilic cells and EDN and EPX content in cultured cells increased in a time-dependent manner in the presence of IL-5. Dexamethasone treatment slightly decreased the number of eosinophilic cells in one week, but this effect was lost in 2–4 weeks. Macrophages in cultured cells treated with dexamethasone contained more eosinophil granule proteins when UCMC were treated with dexamethasone. Both EDN and EPX content in cultured cells were reduced by dexamethasone. Lidocaine decreased the number of eosinophilic cells and reduced both EDN and EPX contents in cultured cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that dexamethasone suppresses eosinophil maturation while lidocaine suppresses both production and maturation. Dexamethasone may also induce apoptosis of eosinophils.
Investigation of interaction between close and open types of SARS-Cov-2 spike glycoprotein with synthesized and natural Compounds as inhibitor; Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Jomhori Masume , Mosaddeghi Hamid 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose Viral diseases are increasingly endangering universal public health because of a shortage of successful antiviral therapies. The novel pandemic 2019 n-Cov2 disease (COVID-19) is recently identified as viral disorder triggered by a new type of coronavirus. This type of coronavirus binds to the host human receptors through the Spike glycoprotein(S) Receptor Binding Domain (RBD). Two types of spike protein have been identified in open and closed states in which the open type causes severe infection. Thus, this receptor is a significant target for antiviral drug design.Methods Totally 111*2 natural and synthetic compounds were chosen from the PubChem database as ligands. To recognize the ability of direct contact between ligands and the binding site of 2019 n-Cov 2 -ACE2 protein, we have docked all compounds to the protein using AutoDock Vina. The FaF3-Drugs, Pan Assay Intrusion Compounds (PAINS), absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and Lipinski's rules were used to evaluate the drug-like properties of the identified ligands. Antiviral compound prediction (AVC pred) also was used to assess antivirus properties.Results The results showed that seven ligands out of all had interactions with spike protein-angiotensin converting enzyme 2 binding site. We have found that six out of seven ligands show drug-like characteristics. We also found that the fluorophenyl and propane groups of ligands had the best interaction with the binding site of the protein.Conclusion Further, our results showed the ability of these ligands to prevent receptor binding of the spike protein SARS-CoV-2, so they would be considered as novel compounds of COVID-19 therapy drugs.
Postmortem Tissue Proteomics Reveals the Pathogenesis of Multiorgan Injuries of COVID-19
Authors: Qiu Yang , Wu Di , Ning Wanshan , Zhang Jiancheng , Shu Ting , Huang Chaolin , Chen Rong , Huang Muhan , Xu Jiqian , Yang Qingyu , Li Ruiting , Bie Yuanyuan , Yang Xiaobo , Mu Jingfang , Wang Yaxin , Han Yang , Zou Xiaojing , Ren Yujie , Pan Shangwen , Zhang Ding-Yu , Xue Yu , Shang You , Zhou Xi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Multiorgan injuries are a major complication of severe COVID-19; however, its pathogenesis is barely understood. Herein, we profiled the host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection by performing quantitative proteomics of COVID-19 postmortem samples, and provided a comprehensive proteome map covering the protein alterations in eight different organs/tissues. Our results revealed that lung underwent the most abundant protein alterations mainly enriched in immune-/inflammation-related or morphology-related processes, while surprisingly, other organs/tissues exhibited significant protein alterations mainly enriched in processes related with organ movement, respiration, and metabolism. These results indicate that the major cause of lung injury was excessive inflammatory response, and subsequent intravascular thrombosis and pulmonary architecture/function destruction, while other organs/tissues were mainly injured by hypoxia and functional impairment. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the significant pathophysiological alternations of host proteins/pathways associated with multiorgan injuries of COVID-19, which provides invaluable knowledge about COVID-19-associated host responses and sheds light on the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Knowledge Acquisition and Retention: a Flipped Classroom Based on Micro-learning Combined with Case-based Learning in Interns
Authors: Qian Qiaohui , Zhao Jiangxia , Xue Fei , Zhang Fengjiao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:Since medical school affiliated hospitals suspended the internship rotation during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period in China. Determining an effective and available approach for interns learning new disease knowledge becomes an important challenge in affiliated hospitals. We explored a blended learning approach, a flipped classroom based on micro-learning combined with CBL, in interns learning COVID-19 knowledge using prospective randomized study.Methods: During COVID-19pandemic period in China, 74 final-year undergraduate interns who were scheduled to rotatein our affiliated hospital in academicyear 2019-2020were randomized to a flipped classroomor standard classroomwith 37 participants in each classroomgroup during a 120-minute live online COVID-19curriculum utilizing the same Network Teaching Platform provided by our university. The standard classroom group utilized traditional lecture, while the flipped classroom group applied micro-learningcombined with CBL.We compared the effect of both formats on COVID-19knowledge acquisition and the impact onclinical practice attitude.Results: All 74 interns (100%) responded pretest, posttest and retention test, and completed the questionnaire online. Both formats significantlyimproved COVID-19 knowledge acquisitionat the conclusion of online COVID-19 curriculum.Interns’ knowledge test scores including total score and scores of five knowledge dimensions ofCOVID-19were significantly higher in the flipped classroomgroup than those in the standard classroomgroup (P<0.05). Compared with interns in the standard classroom group, interns in theflipped classroomgroup performed better in retention test and hada significantly more positive clinical practice attitude(P<0.05 in all items).Conclusions: A flipped classroom based on micro-learning combined with CBL showed greater effectiveness in COVID-19knowledge gainin final-year undergraduate interns and made their attitude toward clinical practice more positive.
Multiple-Choice Questions in Preclinical and Clinical Phase Examination for Undergraduate Medical Program in a Malaysian Medical School: A 2-Year Analysis
Authors: Adam Siti Khadijah , Idris Faridah , Kassim Puteri Shanaz Jahn , Zakaria Nor Fadhlina , Hod Rafidah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are used in measuring the student’s progress and post-examination analysis is usually done to guarantee the item’s appropriateness for question banking. Item analysis is a simple and effective method to determine the quality of MCQs by using three parameters; difficulty or passing index (PI), discrimination index (DI) and distractor efficiency (DE). Methods: This study analysed the MCQs in the preclinical and clinical examinations in Doctor of Medicine program of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Forty MCQs consisted of four options each in the preclinical examination and 80 MCQs with five options from the clinical examination paper in 2017 and 2018 were analysed and compared. Results: The mean DI was similar in all examinations, except a significant reduction in 2018 clinical examination. From 2017 and 2018, preclinical MCQs showed an increment in the number of ‘excellent’ and ‘good’ items. However, clinical papers showed reduction in DI due to high number of ‘poor’ questions. Comparing both years, there was an increase in the number of items with no non-functioning distractors in both examinations. Among all, preclinical MCQs in 2018 showed the highest mean of DE as compared to the others.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that item authors from preclinical phase showed an improvement in constructing good quality MCQs while clinical phase authors may need more training and continuous feedback. Higher number of options did not affect the level of difficulty of a question however the discrimination power and effectiveness of distractors might differ.
Professional Development Arising from Multiple-Site Workplace Learning: Boundary Crossing Between the Education and Clinical Contexts.
Authors: Barry Margot , Kuijer-Siebelink Wietske , Niewenhuis Loek A.F.M. , Scherpbier Nynke 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: This research explores the value of an inter-organisational jurisdiction, on the professional development of faculty members in their roles of researcher and educator. Faculty members from a Dutch university of applied sciences, who work in both the education and clinical practice contexts, participated in this research. Methods: Individual semi-structured interview were conducted with nine faculty members, from various academic health professions, on their experiences of professional development arising from working in both the clinical and education contexts. In this exploratory, post-positive interview study, interview transcripts were analysed thematically.Results: Participants reported that working in two organisational contexts, whilst performing two faculty roles that span both contexts, enhances their ability to broker connections between research, teaching and practice. The boundary crossing activities which participants performed, contributed to professional development in all faculty roles. The broker role was not seen as being a unique role which is distinct from research and practice roles. Broker activities were seen as generic and supportive of the roles that bestow academic status and expertise. Conclusions: The relevance of the broker role in professional development is not as evident as the relevance of roles that enhance specialisation and subject specific expertise. This could be due to the fact that the broker role is not well defined in literature and it is not yet visible as a distinct professionalisable work-package. A better understanding of the broker role could lead to its development in order to harness its professional development potential across academic roles.
How to Restore Rotation Center in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip with the Assistance of Three Dimensional Printing Technology? A Pilot Study
Authors: Zhang Heng , Zhang Zheng , Chen Xiaotian , Guan Jianzhong , Dong Qirong , Zhou Jiansheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

It is technically challenging to restore hip rotation center exactly in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with end-stage osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) due to the complicated acetabular morphology changes.In this study, we developed a new method to restore hip rotation center exactly and rapidly in THA with the assistance of three dimensional (3-D) printing technology.
Methods

Seventeen patients (21 hips) with end-stage osteoarthritis secondary to DDH who underwent THA were included in this study. Simulated operations were performed on 3-D printed hip models for preoperative planning. The Harris fossa and acetabular notches were recognized and restored to locate acetabular center. The agreement on the size of acetabular cup and bone defect between simulated operations and actual operations were analyzed.Clinical and radiographic outcomes were recorded and evaluated.
Results

The sizes of the acetabular cup of simulated operations on 3-D printing models showed a high rate of coincidence with the actual sizes in the operations(ICC value = 0.930) There was no significant difference statistically between the sizes of bone defect in simulated operations and the actual sizes of bone defect in THA( t value = 0.03,P value = 0.97). The average Harris score of the patients was improved from (38.33 ± 6.07) preoperatively to the last follow-up (88.61 ± 3.44) postoperatively.The mean vertical and horizontal distances of hip rotation center on the pelvic radiographs were restored to (15.12 ± 1.25)mm and ( 32.49 ± 2.83) mm respectively. No case presented dislocation or radiological signs of loosening until last follow-up.
Conclusions

The application of 3-D printing technology facilitates orthopedists to recognize the morphology of Harris fossa and acetabular notches, locate the acetabular center and restore the hip rotation center rapidly and accurately.
Implementation of family psychosocial risk assessment in pediatric cancer with the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT): Study protocol for a cluster randomized comparative effectiveness trial
Authors: Kazak Anne , Deatrick Janet , Scialla Michele , Sandler Eric , Madden Rebecca , Barakat Lamia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundChildhood cancer affects and is affected by multiple levels of the social ecology, including social and relational determinants of health (e.g. economic stability, housing, childcare, healthcare access, child and family problems). The 2015 Standards of Psychosocial Care in Pediatric Cancer outline optimal psychosocial care sensitive to these ecological factors, starting with assessment of psychosocial healthcare needs to promote medical and psychosocial outcomes across all children with cancer. To address the first standard of family psychosocial assessment, the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) is a validated screener ready for broad implementation.MethodThe PAT will be implemented across a national sample of 18 pediatric cancer programs ranging in size (annual new patients) in a mixed methods, comparative effectiveness study, guided by the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation, comparing two implementation Strategies. It is hypothesized that implementation will be more successful at the patient/family, provider, and institutional level when Training (Strategy I) is combined with Implementation Expanded Resources (Strategy II). There are three aims: 1) Refine the two implementation strategies using semi-structured qualitative interviews with 19 stakeholders including parent advocates, providers, pediatric oncology organization representatives, healthcare industry leaders; 2) Compare the two theoretically based and empirically informed strategies to implement the PAT in English and Spanish using a cluster randomized controlled trial across 18 sites. Stratified by size, sites will be randomized to cohort (3) and strategy (2). Outcomes include adoption and penetration of screening (patient/family), staff job satisfaction/burnout (provider), and cost effective use of resources consistent with family risk (institution); 3) Based on the results of the trial and feedback from the first and second aim, we will develop and disseminate a web-based PAT Implementation Toolkit.DiscussionUse of the PAT across children’s cancer programs nationally can achieve the assessment Standard and inform equitable delivery of psychosocial care matched to family need for all patients.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04446728, registered 23 June 2020
Mfa5 from Porphyromonas gingivalis: a von Willebrand factor domain and an intramolecular isopeptide bond in a Gram-negative bacterial fimbrial protein
Authors: Heidler Thomas , Claesson Rolf , Persson Karina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis is a secondary colonizer of the oral biofilm and is involved in the onset and progression of periodontitis. Its fimbriae, of type-V, are important for attachment to other microorganisms in the biofilm and for adhesion to host cells. The fimbriae are assembled from five proteins encoded by the mfa1 operon, of which Mfa5 is one of the ancillary tip proteins. Here we report the X-ray structure of the N-terminal half of Mfa5, which reveals a von Willebrand factor domain and two IgG-like domains. One of the IgG-like domains is stabilized by an intramolecular isopeptide bond, which is the first such bond observed in a Gram-negative bacterium. These features make Mfa5 structurally more related to streptococcal adhesins than to the other P. gingivalis Mfa proteins. The structure reported here indicates that horizontal gene transfer has occurred among the bacteria that within the oral biofilm.
Comparison of the effect of regular diet and low-fiber diet on bowel cleansing before colonoscopy
Authors: Liu Dan-Lei , Zhang Han-Xian , Liu Dong-Lian , Peng Tieli 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUNDHigh quality bowel preparation is essential for colonoscopy. A low-fiber diet (LFD), changing people’s dietary habit, is recommended for the day before colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of bowel preparation of regular diet (RD) with that of LFD.METHODSPatients undergoing colonoscopy in the morning were randomly to LFD group, which took a LFD the day before the procedure, or RD group. All patients recieved a split dose of 3L PEG regimen. The diet satisfaction and adverse events were recorded by a questionnaire before colonoscopy. The quality of the bowel preparation was ranked according to the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) by the endoscopists. Per-protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses were conducted for the clinical outcomes. A non-inferiority analysis was performed to prove the quality of bowel preparation of RD was not inferior to that of LFD.RESULTS400 patients (200 in RD group, 200 in LFD group) were included. In PP analysis (n = 357), no significant difference was found in the quality of the bowel preparation between the RD group and the LFD group (P = 0.440). The diet satisfaction (P = 0.978), polyp detection rate (PDR) (P = 0.763) and adenoma detection rate (ADR) (P = 0.800) were not significantly different between the two groups. Similar results were found in the ITT analysis (n = 400, P = 0.440, 0.778, 0.724, 0.893). Hunger in RD group was significantly lower than that in LFD group (P = 0.010), especially in young patients (P = 0.029) and inpatients (P = 0.036).CONCLUSIONThe quality of the bowel preparation of RD is comparable to that of LFD. RD could reduce hunger, especially in young patients and inpatients. Without changing patients’ eating habits, RD may be more acceptable for patients before undergoing colonoscopy.Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR1900021836 on 12 March 2019.
Association of immunological features with COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhicheng , Ai Guo , Chen Liping , Liu Shunfang , Gong Chen , Zhu Xiaodong , Zhang Chunli , Qin Hua , Huang Jinjin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWe aim to explore the association of immunological features with COVID-19 severity.MethodsWe conducted a meta-analysis to estimate mean difference (MD) of immune cells and cytokines levels with COVID-19 severity in PubMed and Web of Science.ResultsA total of 16 studies with 1689 COVID-19 patients were included. Compared with mild cases, severe cases showed significantly lower levels of immune cells, CD3+ T cell (× 106, MD, -413.87; 95%CI, -611.39 to -216.34), CD4+ T cell (× 106, MD, -225.89; 95%CI, -306.36 to -145.43), CD8+ T cell (× 106, MD, -138.59; 95%CI, -176.36 to -100.82), B cell (× 106/L; MD, -23.87; 95%CI, -43.97 to -3.78) and NK cell (× 106/L; MD, -57.12; 95%CI, -81.18 to -33.06), and significantly higher levels of cytokines, TNF-α (pg/ml; MD, 0.34; 95%CI, 0.09 to 0.59), IL-5 (pg/ml; MD, 14.2; 95%CI, 3.99 to 24.4), IL-6 (pg/ml; MD, 13.07; 95%CI, 9.80 to 16.35), and IL-10 (pg/ml; MD, 2.04; 95%CI, 1.32 to 2.75). However, no significant differences were found in other indicators, IFN-γ (pg/ml; MD, 0.26; 95%CI, -0.05 to 0.56), IL-2 (pg/ml; MD, 0.05; 95%CI, -0.49 to 0.60), IL-4 (pg/ml; MD, -0.03; 95%CI, -0.68 to 0.62), Treg cell (× 106, MD, -0.13; 95%CI, -1.40 to 1.14), and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (MD, 0.17; 95%CI, -0.14 to 0.49).ConclusionOur meta-analysis revealed significant lower levels in immune cells (CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B and NK cells) and significant higher levels in cytokines (TNF-α, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10) in severe cases compared with mild cases of COVID-19. Measurement of immunological features could help to assess disease severity for effective triage of COVID-19 patients.