bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tank contamination and simulated drift effects of dicamba‐containing formulations on soybean cultivars
Authors: Alves Guilherme S. , Vieira Bruno C. , Ynfante Rosa S. , Santana Thalyson M. , Moraes Jesaelen G. , Golus Jeffrey A. , Kruger Greg R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to (a) investigate the spray drift potential of dicamba (3,6‐dichloro‐2‐methoxybenzoic acid) formulations with different nozzles in a low‐speed wind tunnel and (b) evaluate the effects of sublethal rates of dicamba‐containing formulations on non–dicamba‐tolerant (DT) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars. The dicamba formulations used were diglycolamine (DGA), N,N‐Bis‐(3‐aminopropyl)methylamine, and diglycolamine with VaporGrip (DGAvg). The wind tunnel drift study was conducted with these three dicamba formulations, two nozzle types (AIXR110015 and TTI110015), and five downwind distances from the nozzle (1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 m). The dicamba rate was 560 g ae ha−1, simulating a 140 L ha−1 carrier volume. The soybean exposure study was conducted in two experimental runs with three sublethal dicamba rates (0.112, 0.56, and 5.6 g ae ha−1), the three dicamba formulations aforementioned, and five non‐DT soybean cultivars (Asgrow A3253, Asgrow AG2636, Credenz CZ2601LL, DynaGro 39RY25, and Hoegemeyer 2511NRR). Applications were made using a spray chamber with a single AI9502EVS even nozzle that delivered 140 L ha−1. During applications, soybean plants were at three‐leaf growth stage. Dicamba formulations had different drift deposition across the AIXR and TTI nozzles. The soybean cultivars had different levels of sensitivity to dicamba and depended on rate vs. formulation interaction. The DGA caused greater biomass reduction on soybean cultivars compared with DGAvg, especially for Credenz CZ2601LL, which was one of the most dicamba‐sensitive cultivars along with Hoegemeyer 2511NRR. Additional care must be taken to mitigate off‐target movement from dicamba applications with these cultivars nearby.
Plastic temperature response function accurately simulates crop flowering or heading date
Authors: Wu Dingrong , Huo Zhiguo , Wang Peijuan , Song Yanling , Yang Jianying , Zhao Huarong , Yang Yang , Yu Qiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough crop phenology is responsive and adaptable to cultural and climatic conditions, many phenology models are too sensitive to variable climatic conditions. We developed a plastic temperature response function by assuming that development rate was linearly related to temperature and that the linearity was linearly responsive to day of year (DOYv) of the starting date of the vegetative growth period (VGP). Phenology observations and weather data were acquired for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at 12 locations over 15–26 yr. Additional data were observed for maize grown in an interval planting experiment. For 78.6% of the sites, the crop development rate during the VGP was positively affected by DOYv. Partial correlation analysis (controlling for temperature) indicated that DOYv was independent of temperature. When averaged over all crops and sites, the RMSE for a plastic phenology model based on both response and adaptation mechanisms was lower (RMSE = 2.81 d) than models (RMSE = 3.39) based only on response mechanism (p < .01). Furthermore, simulations produced by the plastic model showed less bias to DOYv, temperature, and year. The plastic function provided a simple and effective method for achieving better phenology simulation accuracy. According to the plastic function, growing season under warming conditions will not be reduced by as much as simulated by models based only on response mechanism, so yield loss due to warming is likely to be overestimated.
Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition of Free Amino Acids: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Pu Lin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluorescent probes that can discriminate enantiomers of amino acids in organic media or aqueous solution are discussed. This Minireview focuses on recent progress in the studies of three classes of probes including those made of cyclodextrins, 1,1′‐binaphthyl compounds, and nanomaterials, and uses them to illustrate the design strategies, applications, and limitations in this area. These probes are potentially useful for rapid analysis of asymmetric reactions for amino acid synthesis as well as the real‐time imaging of amino acids in biological systems. The challenges in these applications are analyzed. Working in this field of enantioselective fluorescent recognition of amino acids offers great opportunities to make new scientific discoveries and to develop important practical applications.
Stereoselective On‐Surface Cyclodehydrofluorization of a Tetraphenylporphyrin and Homochiral Self‐Assembly
Authors: Chen Hui , Tao Lei , Wang Dongfei , Wu Zhuo‐Yan , Zhang Jun‐Long , Gao Song , Xiao Wende , Du Shixuan , Ernst Karl‐Heinz , Gao Hong‐Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe thermally induced cyclodehydrofluorization of iron tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin proceeded highly stereoselectively to give a prochiral product on a gold surface in an ultrahigh vacuum, whereas dehydrocyclization of the respective iron tetrakisphenylporphyrin did not show such selectivity. Stereoselectivity was predominantly observed for closely packed layers, which is an indication of intermolecular cooperativity and steric constraints induced by adjacent species. Density functional theory identified intermolecular packing constraints as the origin of such selectivity during the reaction. Scanning tunneling microscopy revealed the formation of an enantiomerically pure two‐dimensional self‐assembly as a conglomerate of mirror domains. On‐surface two‐dimensional topochemistry, as reported herein, may open new routes for stereoselective synthesis.
Photo‐excited Oxygen Reduction and Oxygen Evolution Reactions Enable a High‐Performance Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Du Dongfeng , Zhao Shuo , Zhu Zhuo , Li Fujun , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe storage of solar energy in battery systems is pivotal for a sustainable society, which faces many challenges. Herein, a Zn–air battery is constructed with two cathodes of poly(1,4‐di(2‐thienyl))benzene (PDTB) and TiO2 grown on carbon papers to sandwich a Zn anode. The PDTB cathode is illuminated in a discharging process, in which photoelectrons are excited into the conduction band of PDTB to promote oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and raise the output voltage. In a reverse process, holes in the valence band of the illuminated TiO2 cathode are driven for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by an applied voltage. A record‐high discharge voltage of 1.90 V and an unprecedented low charge voltage of 0.59 V are achieved in the photo‐involved Zn–air battery, regardless of the equilibrium voltage. This work offers an innovative pathway for photo‐energy utilization in rechargeable batteries.
A Ptolemaic mummy reveals evidence of invasive dentistry in ancient Egypt
Authors: Pantazis Ioannis , Tourna Eleni , Maravelia Alicia , Kalampoukas Kiriakos , Michailidis Georgios , Kalogerakou Kleanthi , Kyriazi Stavroula , Couvaris Constantinos , Geroulanos Stefanos , Bontozoglou Nikos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver the last decades, it has been confirmed that computerized tomography (CT) is a valuable tool for studying mummies. In joint efforts put forth by the Mummy Research Project of the Hellenic Institute of Egyptology, the National Archaeological Museum, and the Athens Medical Center, a mummy was transported to the Radiology Department of the Athens Medical Center for study. Thus, a complete CT scanning was performed of this Ptolemaic mummy (AIG 3343: Sekhem, male, 150–30 BCE), belonging to the Egyptian Collection of the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. The most significant finding is an interproximal carious cavity packed with protective material. This is the second case of dental packing in the literature among ancient Egyptian mummies studied to date. Its remarkable resemblance to the previously published study may indicate a common dental intervention performed by ancient Egyptians. Despite the well‐known early medical traditions of ancient Egypt, spanning from the Old Kingdom to the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods, little evidence remains of their practices in dentistry. Our finding represents a rare perspective on the origins of what remains today a major allied health field discipline.
Chemical equilibrium and buffer action shown with mineral water
Authors: Hoyer Thomas , Flint Alfred 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDie Behandlung des „chemischen Gleichgewichts“ ist in praktisch allen Lehr‐ und Rahmenplänen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für die gymnasiale Oberstufe obligatorisch, gilt aber gleichzeitig auch als schwierig. Ein Grund dafür sind zahlreiche aus Alltagsvorstellungen abgeleitete Schülervorstellungen zur Lage und zur Statik von Gleichgewichtszuständen. Im Folgenden werden zwei Versuche mit Mineralwasser vorgestellt, die den Lernenden anschaulich zeigen, dass und wie ein sich im Gleichgewicht befindendes System auf eine „Störung“ reagiert. Damit ergibt sich nicht nur ein einfacher Zugang zum Prinzip von Le Chatelier, sondern auch zur Wirkungsweise von Puffersystemen.
Minimal change disease in a patient receiving checkpoint inhibition: Another possible manifestation of kidney autoimmunity?
Authors: Vaughan Erin , Connolly Elizabeth , Hui Mun , Chadban Steven 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNivolumab has been associated with immune‐related adverse events, including nephritis, with acute interstitial nephritis being the most commonly reported renal manifestation.CaseWe describe the first case to our knowledge of minimal change disease with nephrotic syndrome associated with the PD‐1 checkpoint inhibitor, Nivolumab. Minimal change disease has been reported with other immune checkpoint inhibitors; however, this is the first reported case with Nivolumab. We report development of nephrotic syndrome with acute kidney injury in a 57‐year‐old man, 1 month after commencement of Nivolumab for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Minimal change disease was confirmed by renal biopsy. Management with corticosteroids and cessation of Nivolumab failed to improve kidney function or nephrosis.ConclusionThis case adds to current literature identifying minimal change as an additional complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated acute kidney injury. Given the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for a range of malignancies, nephrologists, oncologist and generalists should be aware of the spectrum of kidney pathologies associated with their use.
Effect of Itraconazole, a Potent CYP3A4 Inhibitor, on the Steady‐State Pharmacokinetics of Vemurafenib in Patients With BRAFV600 Mutation–Positive Malignancies
Authors: Zhang Weijiang , Mathisen Michael , Goodman Grant R. , Forbes Harper , Song Yuyao , Bertran Enric , Demidov Lev , Shin Sang Joon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effects of itraconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, on the steady‐state pharmacokinetics of vemurafenib were evaluated in a phase 1, multicenter, open‐label, fixed‐sequence study. Patients with BRAFV600 mutation–positive metastatic malignancies received oral vemurafenib 960 mg twice daily on days 1 to 20 (period A) and oral vemurafenib 960 mg twice daily with oral itraconazole 200 mg once daily on days 21 to 40 (period B). A mixed‐effects analysis of variance model was used to compare log‐transformed area under the concentration‐time curve during the dosing interval and maximum plasma concentration values for vemurafenib in 8 patients between period B (vemurafenib plus itraconazole) and period A (vemurafenib alone). Multiple doses of itraconazole increased steady‐state exposure of vemurafenib by approximately 40%, with geometric least squares mean ratios (period B/period A) of 140% (90% confidence interval, 121‐161) for both maximum plasma concentration and area under the concentration‐time curve during the dosing interval. There was no apparent increase in incidence or severity of adverse events during coadministration of vemurafenib with itraconazole. In conclusion, coadministration of itraconazole with vemurafenib resulted in a modest increase in exposure of vemurafenib at steady state and was generally well tolerated.
Impact on genetic gain from using misspecified statistical models in generatingp‐rep designs for early generation plant‐breeding experiments
Authors: Sermarini Renata Alcarde , Brien Chris , Demétrio Clarice Garcia Borges , dos Santos Alessandra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the generation of designs for early generation, plant‐breeding experiments that use limited experimental resources as efficiently as possible to maximize the realized genetic gain (RGG) resulting from the selection of lines. A number of authors have demonstrated that partially replicated (p‐rep) designs for such experiments, in which the percentage of lines that are duplicated isp, are likely to be more efficient than grid‐plot designs. Therefore, our aim is to obtain the most efficientp‐rep design for an experiment using one of two distinctly different criteria and employing widely or readily available statistical software packages to search for an optimal design. However, this can be difficult because knowledge of the sources of variation and their magnitudes is required and is often unavailable. To overcome this impediment, a comprehensive simulation experiment was conducted to investigate whether designs that are robust to a wide range of experimental situations can be identified. Designs withpset to 20% and for different experimental situations are generated and the performance of each tested for 24 different variation scenarios. We concluded that for large experiments, the RGG obtained with various optimal designs is indeed not affected by the different variation scenarios and that resolved designs for fixed genetic effects should be generated for robustness. On the other hand, the design assumptions affect the RGG for smallp‐rep designs. Even so, an overall recommendation is made.
Characterizing niche differentiation among marine consumers with amino acid δ13C fingerprinting
Authors: Larsen Thomas , Hansen Thomas , Dierking Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMarine food webs are highly compartmentalized, and characterizing the trophic niches among consumers is important for predicting how impact from human activities affects the structuring and functioning of marine food webs. Biomarkers such as bulk stable isotopes have proven to be powerful tools to elucidate trophic niches, but they may lack in resolution, particularly when spatiotemporal variability in a system is high. To close this gap, we investigated whether carbon isotope (δ13C) patterns of essential amino acids (EAAs), also termed δ13CAA fingerprints, can characterize niche differentiation in a highly dynamic marine system. Specifically, we tested the ability of δ13CAA fingerprints to differentiate trophic niches among six functional groups and ten individual species in the Baltic Sea. We also tested whether fingerprints of the common zooplanktivorous fishes, herring and sprat, differ among four Baltic Sea regions with different biochemical conditions and phytoplankton assemblages. Additionally, we investigated how these results compared to bulk C and N isotope data for the same sample set. We found significantly different δ13CAA fingerprints among all six functional groups. Species differentiation was in comparison less distinct, due to partial convergence of the species' fingerprints within functional groups. Herring and sprat displayed region‐specific δ13CAA fingerprints indicating that this approach could be used as a migratory marker. Niche metrics analyses showed that bulk isotope data had a lower power to differentiate between trophic niches than δ13CAA fingerprinting. We conclude that δ13CAA fingerprinting has a strong potential to advance our understanding of ecological niches, and trophic linkages from producers to higher trophic levels in dynamic marine systems. Given how management practices of marine resources and habitats are reshaping the structure and function of marine food webs, implementing new and powerful tracer methods are urgently needed to improve the knowledge base for policy makers.
Effects of salinity on sprouting and growth of three submerged macrophytes
Authors: Xia Wentong , Zhu Bin , Qu Xiao , Liu Han , Liu Yinglong , Chen Xiaofei , Rudstam Lars G. , Ni Leyi , Chen Yushun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany freshwater ecosystems are facing salinity stress, but limited information is available about its effects on submerged macrophytes. Here, we assessed the effects of salinity on sprouting and growth of three submerged macrophytes—Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata and Myriophyllum spicatum. We conducted experiments in the lab and the outdoor platform to test for the sprouting and growth responses of selected macrophytes to a gradient of salinity (0.32–10,000 mg Cl− L−1). Sprouting rate, biomass and other related physiological indices were measured in all treatments. We found that lower salinity (100 mg Cl− L−1) increased the turion sprouting rate, and higher salinity (greater than or equal to 5,000 mg Cl− L−1) significantly inhibited the sprouting of P. crispus turions. M. spicatum appeared to have higher tolerance of salinity than H. verticillata. The optimum salinity for the growth of H. verticillata and M. spicatum was 500–1,000 mg Cl−L−1 and 100–500 mg Cl− L−1, respectively. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and production of malondialdehyde (MDA) differed in salinity levels between submerged macrophytes, and higher SOD activity was observed in M. spicatum. This study helped clarify how physiological response mechanisms affecting sprouting and growth of submerged macrophytes are inhibited under high salinity and suggested that SOD plays an important role in the resistance to oxidative stress induced by salinity.
Cardio‐oncology discipline: focus on the necessities in developing countries
Authors: Alizadehasl Azin , Amin Ahmad , Maleki Majid , Noohi Feridoun , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir , Farrashi Melody 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases constitute one of the main aetiologies of mortality among patients with cancer. Population ageing and cancer survival rate improvements have resulted in the coexistence of cardiovascular diseases and malignancies in an increasing number of patients. With the diversity in treatments and the introduction of new drug lines, multiple mechanisms of cardiovascular injury have been recognized in these patients.Cardio‐oncology is an emerging entity introduced to provide a proper solution to the several challenges encountered in the management of patients with cancer and cardiac involvement.This review will assess the logical grounds for establishing a cardio‐oncology unit, describe the main objectives and the detailed responsibilities in such systems, and outline the target population. Furthermore, the importance of research and appropriate data collection will be highlighted. Lastly, the special considerations and modifications required for setting up such centres in the developing countries are discussed.
Assessing thermal sensitivity using transient heat and cold stimuli combined with a Bayesian adaptive method in a clinical setting: A proof of concept study
Authors: Courtin Arthur S. , Maldonado Slootjes Sofia , Caty Gilles , Hermans Michel P. , Plaghki Léon , Mouraux André 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative sensory testing of thermal detection abilities is used as a clinical tool to assess the function of pain pathways. The most common procedure to assess thermal sensitivity, the ‘method of limits’, provides a quick but rough estimate of detection thresholds. Here, we investigate the potential of evaluating not only the threshold but also the slope of the psychometric functions for cold and warm detection.MethodA convenience sample of 15 patients withdiabetes mellitus(DM) and 15 age‐matched healthy controls (HC) was tested. Thirty brief (100 ms) stimuli of each modality were applied to the volar wrist and foot dorsum. Cold and warm stimuli were delivered with a Peltier thermode and a temperature‐controlled CO2laser, respectively. Stimulus intensities were dynamically selected using an adaptive Bayesian algorithm (psi method) maximizing information gain for threshold and slope estimation. ROC analyses were used to assess the ability of slopes, thresholds and the combination of both to discriminate between groups.ResultsAssessment of the slope and threshold of the psychometric function for thermal detection took about 10 min. The ability to detect warmth was not reduced in DM patients as compared to HC. Cold detection performance assessed using slope or threshold parameters separated DM from HC with good discriminative power. Discrimination was further increased when both parameters were used together (93% sensitivity and 87% specificity), indicating that they provide complementary information on patient status.ConclusionThe psi method may be an interesting alternative to the classical method of limits for thermal QST.SignificanceCurrent QST protocols provide an incomplete and potentially biased estimate of sensory detection performance. We propose a method that estimates the slope and the threshold of the psychometric function, defining heat and cold sensory detection performance, in only a few minutes. Furthermore, we provide preliminary evidence that combining slope and threshold parameters of cold detection performance leads to a better discriminative ability than relying solely on the threshold.
Channel incision by headcut migration: Reconnection of the Colorado River to its estuary and the Gulf of California during the floods of 1979–1988
Authors: Nelson Steven M. , Kendy Eloise , Flessa Karl W. , Rodríguez‐Burgueño J. Eliana , Ramírez‐Hernández Jorge , Rivas‐Salcedo Tomás E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe macrotidal Colorado River Delta at the northern end of the Gulf of California in Mexico is hydrologically complex. We review historical accounts, data, field notes and photographs to evaluate the hydrological processes active on the delta prior to the advent of upstream dams. We also employ satellite imagery as well as recent LIDAR data to illustrate the critical role played by headcut erosion in restoring the river's fluvial/tidewater connection during the 1979–1988 floods. Prior to human manipulation, the river's contribution of fresh water to the Gulf was periodically interrupted by natural overflowing, avulsing, and flooding into the sub‐sea level Salton Sink on the north slope of the delta plain. River flow south towards the Gulf was also subject to occasional overflow into Laguna Salada, another sub‐sea level basin. In the mid‐20th century, the Delta was disconnected from its fluvial supply following installation of upstream dams and reservoirs. A tidal sediment obstruction developed in the estuary channel, forming a final barrier to fluvial connectivity. Release of Colorado River floodwaters into Mexico between 1979 and 1988 provided a natural experiment on the hydrological response of a long‐disconnected macrotidal delta to restoration of fluvial supply.