bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of genetic diversity and genetic relationships of farm and laboratory quail populations in Japan using microsatellite DNA markers
Authors: Nunome Mitsuo , Yoshioka Rie , Shinkai Takuro , Kino Katsutoshi , Matsuda Yoichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is an important poultry species owing to their high economic efficiency and biological advantages. The genetic diversity of farm quail populations has rarely been studied.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of farm quail populations and their genetic relationships, which could provide important information for designing breeding programmes to maintain egg and/or meat production efficiency.MethodsMolecular phylogenetic and STRUCTURE analyses were conducted for seven farm populations and six laboratory lines using 50 microsatellite markers previously developed by us.ResultsThe genetic diversity within each farm population was relatively high despite long‐term breeding within closed colonies. However, the genetic variation between populations was absent. Twenty highly polymorphic markers, selected based on Ne, He and FST values, enabled the construction of reliable phylogenetic trees and STRUCTURE plots.ConclusionsIn the farm populations analysed in the present study, gene flow between genetically distant populations is needed to restore genetic diversity between farm populations, which could exploit heterosis and decrease the risk of inbreeding depression. Our findings demonstrate that these markers are useful for examining the genetic structure of farm quail populations.
Emerging pollutants—Part II: Treatment
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Shen‐gen , Chang Chein‐Chi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmerging pollutants (EPs) refer to a class of pollutants, which are emerging in the environment or recently attracted attention. EPs mainly include pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). EPs have potential threats to human health and ecological environment. In recent years, the continuous detections of EPs in surface and ground water have brought huge challenges to water treatment and also made the treatment of EPs become an international research hotspot. This paper summarizes some research results on EPs treatment published in 2019. This paper may be helpful to understand the current situations and development trends of EP treatment technologies.
Groundwater pollution: Occurrence, detection, and remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants
Authors: Kurwadkar Sudarshan , Kanel Sushil R. , Nakarmi Amita 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGroundwater pollution is a result of natural and anthropogenic activities. While the elevated levels of various inorganic constituents could be attributed to natural processes, such as geological weathering and aquifer characteristics, many times, anthropogenic activities also substantially pollute the groundwater. On the contrary, the occurrence of organic pollutants is primarily due to various anthropogenic activities. Extensive groundwater mining, the hydraulic connection between groundwater and other surface water bodies, and leaking underground buried infrastructure also contribute to groundwater pollution. Water resources are scarce commodities, and preserving groundwater quality is of critical concern. This paper documents instances of groundwater quality impact during the year 2019 due to both natural and anthropogenic activities throughout the world.Practitioner points

Groundwater pollution problems reported during the year 2019 are reviewed and documented.

Occurrence of organic, inorganic, and microbial pollutants in groundwater is reported.

Remediation technologies for selected inorganic pollutants are reviewed and documented.
Introduction: Menstruation as Lens—Menstruation as Opportunity
Authors: Bobel Chris 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The field of critical menstruation studies is burgeoning. And so this Handbook arrives just in time to capture a robust and carefully curated view of where we are now and where we might go next. But it is 2020, and menstruation is as old as humanity itself. Why is this the first handbook to bring together this body of knowledge? To state the obvious, menstruation and more broadly, the menstrual cycle are often dismissed and derided. The same goes for menopause, at the further end of the reproductive life span.
Personal Narrative: Caste Is My Period
Authors: Sukumar Deepthi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Deepthi Sukumar uses her personal experiences of menstruation as a Dalit woman to bring out the intersectionality of caste and gender in menstrual taboos. She explains the different cultural backgrounds of women in India and the patriarchal design of using menstrual taboos for male supremacy and caste hierarchy. While exploring and analyzing the different patterns of menstrual taboos and their implications, Sukumar shows the gaps in feminist understanding of the intersectionality of caste and patriarchy. She concludes by observing that the discourse on menstrual taboos should become the focal point to build inclusion and understand gender inequality and oppression within the framework of intersectionality.
Menstrual Taboos: Moving Beyond the Curse
Authors: Gottlieb Alma 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhy do so many communities surround menstruation with taboos? And, are all menstrual taboos created equal? Gottlieb opens this chapter with an anthropological approach to the nature of “taboo” itself. From there, the chapter explores the wide variety of ways that the Hebrew Bible in particular, as well as several other religious traditions, have shaped menstrual taboos (including, but going well beyond, the notion of a “curse”). Such taboos have operated in diverse ways and diverse places, hence this chapter also explores how both individual and whole communities may experience them differently, including offering less negative interpretations. As such, the chapter introduces readers to a striking diversity of menstrual experiences. Moreover, people and communities in both the Global North and the Global South increasingly challenge taboos with creative activism. The chapter concludes with a brief survey of what has become a menstrual movement.
Transnational Engagements: Cultural and Religious Practices Related to Menstruation
Authors: Maharaj Trisha , Winkler Inga T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This transnational engagement brings together participants from various cultural and religious backgrounds in a dialogue about menstrual practices. They are asked to consider their own experiences with these practices and reflect on how the practices have affected them. The discussion makes clear that participants have varying understandings and views of traditional menstrual practices, and that these views often challenge the common depiction of traditional practices as restrictions that are forced upon women.
Introduction: Menstruation as Fundamental
Authors: Winkler Inga T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Most articles on menstruation start by pointing out that menstruation is a normal biological process. This, of course, is true. But at the same time, menstruation is so much more for many people; in fact, it is fundamental. Menstruation unites the personal and the political, the intimate and the public, and the physiological and the socio-cultural. The chapters in this section demonstrate the importance—and indeed urgency—of considering the lived experiences of all menstruators. These vary widely and are shaped by a range of different factors including religion, culture, political systems, socialization, caste, disability, place of residence, among many others. In many cases, an intersection of factors such as gender and disability, or gender, religion, and caste determine menstrual experiences and the underlying power relations.
Learning About What’s “Down There”: Body Image Below the Belt and Menstrual Education
Authors: Stubbs Margaret L. , Sterling Evelina W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Stubbs and Sterling begin this chapter by discussing pubescent girls’ negative attitudes about their bodies ‘below the belt’ within the context of preparation for menstruation during pubertal education. As menstrual education presents mostly negative expectations for girls, the authors argue that it is a key contributor to girls’ negative attitudes about ‘down there.’ Instead, Stubbs and Sterling offer that menstrual education is a valuable opportunity to provide girls with a more accurate, positive, and embodied view of their genitals to access as they develop a sexual sense of themselves. The authors conclude with suggestions for improving this avenue of learning about ‘down there.’
Living in Uncertain Times: Experiences of Menopause and Reproductive Aging
Authors: Dillaway Heather 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter explores the everyday experiences of women living in and passing through the stages of perimenopause and menopause, a transition that brings both physical change and identity change. Dillaway approaches this subject by examining the myriad uncertainties that women face during this transition, attributing many of them to confusion around the definitions of perimenopause and menopause; ambiguous signs and symptoms; conflicted feelings about ageing; and reflections on both previous and current motherhood and family experiences. Women think about and navigate these uncertainties in varied ways, Dillaway says, and she concludes that part of the everyday experience of this reproductive- and life-course transition is learning to live in and with uncertainty.
Transnational Engagements: From Debasement, Disability, and Disaster to Dignity—Stories of Menstruation Under Challenging Conditions
Authors: Perianes Milena Bacalja , Roberts Tomi-Ann 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This exchange, our second transnational engagement, is placed against the backdrop of a global increase in attention to both research and advocacy efforts in the menstrual experience, however cognizant of how some voices and bodies remain silent, invisible, and displaced from global efforts The authors argue that these include the experiences of the most vulnerable, who are physically limited in their ability to manage their menstrual health. To demonstrate, this study looks through the lens of women living under three challenging circumstances—women with disabilities, incarcerated women, and women living in a disaster zone—to explore how they understand, manage, and respond to their menstrual needs. The authors show how the double stigma of the women’s condition or context, with that of their menstruating status, exacerbates their vulnerability, creating further boundaries to their health and well-being.
Introduction: Menstruation as Rationale
Authors: Fahs Breanne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Menstruation has been used as an excuse in many contexts. There is much legal and historical precedent linking menstruation to the category woman, and the limited political rights offered to persons therein. This section looks, in part, at the ways that menstruation has been used as a rationale to purposely curtail women’s political rights, access to legal processes, and/or benefits of citizenship. The way that stories of exclusion are built, often through norms of constructing menstruation as disabling and as a liability, constitute the core of this section.
Empowered Bleeders and Cranky Menstruators: Menstrual Positivity and the “Liberated” Era of New Menstrual Product Advertisements
Authors: Przybylo Ela , Fahs Breanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrzybylo and Fahs examine a series of new menstrual product advertisements, arguing that they push consumer capitalist goals of selling menstrual gear with an “empowered” message at the expense of co-opting feminist discourses of body and menstrual positivity. Drawing on feminist menstrual scholarship, they argue that menstrual positivity is thinned and transformed when commodified. They argue that “positivity”—while important to feminist menstrual activism, praxis, and theorizing—is easily co-optable within neoliberal marketing cultures. While the authors acknowledge the importance of affirmative messaging, they nevertheless develop a “menstrual crankiness” that draws on positivity but also holds it critically at bay. Aligned with queer theoretical work on the political import of negative affects, they assert the importance of menstrual crankiness in pushing at sexist, transphobic, ableist, and white discourses around bodies and embodiment, arguing that menstrual crankiness is vital to thinking about the material pains and pleasures of menstrual bleeding.
Transnational Engagement: Designing an Ideal Menstrual Health (MH) Curriculum—Stories from the Field
Authors: Fahs Breanne , Perianes Milena Bacalja 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This transnational exchange captures the diverse voices of those working in the menstrual health field to provide insight on the current state of menstrual education. The discussions in this chapter suggest that menstrual education has moved far beyond the confines of schools, and as such, beyond the limitations of traditional models of a relatively limited, short-term intervention given only to girls in a traditional educational setting. Instead, those working in the field specify that menstruators are taught about menstrual health and menstrual decision-making outside of school, with emphases on health literacy and education through a human-rights or justice-based learning experience. These pieces explore just some of the current integrated approaches to menstrual health that draw upon new technologies, new modes of education, and new kinds of curriculum and learning.
Introduction: Menstruation as Structural
Authors: Winkler Inga T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To recognize menstruation as structural, we must tune into the very political dimensions that undergird our institutions, laws, policies, budgets, guidelines, taxation, programs, and data collection. Historically, decision-makers have paid limited attention to menstruation—either due to oversight and neglect or due to deliberate exclusion. Yet, the last decade has seen enormous developments; at various levels, menstruation is rising to the level of global awareness. This might be what most distinguishes the current state of the menstrual movement from its past. Menstruation is gaining traction. Against this background, this section offers an overview and early assessment of these developments at various levels including those driven by practitioners, policy-makers, activists, and civil society actors. It seeks to capture these trends and initiatives through a combination of practice-based and research-based chapters that bring together different perspectives, voices, and experiences. This diversity is essential to engage different types of emerging knowledge in this field and to combine practical experience with critical reflection.
Practice Note: Menstrual Hygiene Management—Breaking Taboos and Supporting Policy Change in West and Central Africa
Authors: Aidara Rockaya , Gassama Mbaye Mbarou 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter shares the policies and practices enacted as a result of a pilot program in menstrual hygiene management undertaken from 2014 to 2018 in West and Central Africa. Aidara and Gassame Mbaye describe a culture of silence and taboo around menstruation. The pilot program, implemented by the UN Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) and UN Women, sought to address women’s and girls’ needs, specifically in the WASH sector. In reviewing results from the program, Aidara and Gassama Mbaye show that operational research in and with communities is key to inform public policies. The authors especially focus on the policy dialogue and sensitization efforts undertaken to promote gender equality in the WASH sector.
U.S. Policymaking to Address Menstruation: Advancing an Equity Agenda
Authors: Weiss-Wolf Jennifer 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Weiss-Wolf explains why the menstrual equity frame—which makes the case for an agenda that advances systemic solutions to address the societal and financial impact of menstruation—is distinct in its direct linkage to core principles of democratic participation, citizen engagement, gender parity, and economic opportunity. She describes a social movement that has coalesced in the United States and details recent policy advocacy in which momentum has been both unusually bipartisan and swift. She also shows how related tools can be leveraged—in particular, law and litigation, coupled with extensive use of traditional and social media. Finally, Weiss-Wolf concludes with a preview of policy proposals ripe for further advocacy.
Personal Narrative: Bloody Precarious Activism in Uganda
Authors: Nyanzi Stella 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In her essay, Stella Nyanzi describes and analyzes her dissident activism against the president’s unfulfilled promise of providing sanitary pads to schoolgirls in resource-poor communities in Uganda. Named #Pads4GirlsUg, the campaign enabled local and global citizens to contribute toward the distribution of menstrual products and provide critical menstrual health education. Stella Nyanzi powerfully examines the strategies she used for popularizing the campaign, mobilizing citizen participation, and smashing the silence and taboo around menstruation. Above all, she dissects the countertactics employed by the government to discredit and criminalize the campaign. Stella Nyanzi demonstrates that menstruation and women’s bodies are political and politicized—to the extent that her activism and criticism has led to her imprisonment.
Mapping the Knowledge and Understanding of Menarche, Menstrual Hygiene and Menstrual Health Among Adolescent Girls in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Chandra-Mouli Venkatraman , Patel Sheila Vipul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

This review aims to answer the following questions: (1) how knowledgeable are adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) about menstruation and how prepared are they for reaching menarche, (2) who are their sources of information regarding menstruation, (3) how well do the adults around them respond to their information needs, (4) what negative health and social effects do adolescents experience as a result of menstruation, and (5) how do adolescents respond when they experience these negative effects and what practices do they develop as a result? Using a structured search strategy, articles that investigate young girls’ preparedness for menarche, knowledge of menstruation, and practices surrounding menstrual hygiene in LMIC were identified. A total of 81 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between the years 2000 and 2015 that describe the experiences of adolescent girls from 25 different countries were included. Adolescent girls in LMIC are often uninformed and unprepared for menarche. Information is primarily obtained from mothers and other female family members who are not necessarily well equipped to fill gaps in girls’ knowledge. Exclusion and shame lead to misconceptions and unhygienic practices during menstruation. Rather than seek medical consultation, girls tend to miss school, self-medicate, and refrain from social interaction. Also problematic is that relatives and teachers are often not prepared to respond to the needs of girls. LMIC must recognize that lack of preparation, knowledge, and poor practices surrounding menstruation are key impediments not only to girls’ education, but also to self-confidence and personal development. In addition to investment in private latrines with clean water for girls in both schools and communities, countries must consider how to improve the provision of knowledge and understanding and how to better respond to the needs of adolescent girls.
Measuring Menstruation-Related Absenteeism Among Adolescents in Low-Income Countries
Authors: Benshaul-Tolonen Anja , Zulaika Garazi , Sommer Marni , Phillips-Howard Penelope A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBenshaul-Tolonen et al. shine a light on two methodological issues impacting a research question that has received much attention recently: whether the provision of menstrual hygiene products reduces schoolgirls’ absenteeism in low-income countries. First, they identify bias in data sources, such as school records and recall data. Second, they show that limiting the focus to menstrual-related absenteeism obscures other threats that menstruation poses to educational attainment, health, and psychosocial well-being. To address these issues, the authors recommend the use of mixed methods, pre-analysis plans, and thoughtful consideration and validation of variables prior to study implementation. They also caution policymakers against overreliance on absenteeism as the sole outcome and overinterpreting results from existing studies that often lack scope and precision. They conclude with a call for more research on the links between menstruation and concentration, learning, self-esteem, and pain management.
To Widen the Cycle: Artists Engage the Menstrual Cycle and Reproductive Justice
Authors: Lewis Jen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Art holds powerful potential to break the social and cultural stigma around menstruating bodies by making the invisible visible and pushing the boundaries of what we know about the menstrual cycle. This chapter presents a selection of artwork and artists’ statements from Widening the Cycle, a historic exhibit curated by Jen Lewis and first shown at the 2015 Society for Menstrual Cycle Research conference in Boston, USA.
Introduction: Menstruation as Narrative
Authors: Kissling Elizabeth Arveda 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Personal stories, urban legends, literature, media representations, and other kinds of narratives provide means of sharing information about menstruation, including what women and other menstruators should and should not do during their periods. For instance, no book has had more impact upon pubescent North American girls than Judy Blume’s 1970 Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret. Girls growing up in the 1970s and onward, in a cultural milieu where they were encouraged to silence their questions and hush their bodies, had a protagonist with whom to identify and empathize.
Normality, Freedom, and Distress: Listening to the Menopausal Experiences of Indian Women of Haryana
Authors: Singh Vanita , Sivakami M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter explores variations in the experience of menopause among 28 postmenopausal women belonging to lower socioeconomic strata from the Indian state of Haryana. Singh and Sivakami base their research on in-depth qualitative interviews with the women to gauge their perceptions and experiences of menopause. They analyze the interviews thematically and identify three dominant narratives: menopause as a normal biological process, an insignificant event that goes unnoticed in the chaos of life; menopause as distress in silence, the distress arising from the intersection of poverty, gender, and patriarchy; and menopause as freedom—freedom from societal restrictions and monthly distress. These narratives are distinct but often co-occur; for example, some women experience freedomaftergoing through distress. Additionally, the authors report that participants express the need for emotional and social support during menopause and the desire to be understood rather than to be treated.