bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence of voids after warm vertical compaction and single‐cone obturation in band‐shaped isthmuses using micro‐computed tomography: A phantom study
Authors: Keleş Ali , Keskin Cangül 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) study compared the presence of voids in the band‐shaped isthmuses obturated by warm vertical compaction (WVC) and single‐cone (SC) techniques. Twenty mesial roots from mandibular first molar teeth showing a band‐shaped isthmus were selected and assigned into two groups based on their preoperative anatomical dimensions (n = 10), according to the filling technique: WVC or SC. Post‐filling micro‐CT scanning was performed. The percentage volume of root canal filling materials and voids were calculated and data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test with a significance level of 5 and 95% confidence interval. Mean percentage volumes of filling materials and voids were 86.88 ± 8.53 and 13.11 ± 8.53 for the WVC group, 84.39 ± 8.30 and 15.60 ± 8.30 for the SC group, respectively, with no significant difference between them (p > .05). Neither WVC nor SC produced void‐free root canal fillings in the band‐shaped isthmuses and both techniques resulted in a similar quality of root canal filling.
TNNT1, negatively regulated by miR‐873, promotes the progression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Jinsong , Wang Donghua , Kang Ting , Du Jinghu , Yan Zeqiang , Chen Manyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTroponin T1 (TNNT1) is a subunit of troponin that has been linked to neuromuscular disorder. Recently, it was reported that TNNT1 facilitates the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, Cancer Genome Atlas data indicate that its overexpression is associated with an unfavorable prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The present study aimed to explore the expression, function and mechanism of dysregulation of TNNT1 in CRC.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining and a real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used to compare the expression level of TNNT1 in CRC tissues and adjacent tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of TNNT1 in cell lines. Kaplan–Meier analysis and a chi‐squared test were applied to evaluate the potential of TNNT1 to function as a cancer biomarker. RNA interference was used to inhibit TNNT1 expression in CRC cells, followed by detection of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. A luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the regulatory relationship between miR‐873 and TNNT1.ResultsIn the present study, we found that TNNT1 was significantly up‐regulated in CRC samples and cell lines. The up‐regulation of TNNT1 was also associated with several clinicopathologic features, and its high expression was correlated with an unfavorable prognosis of the patients. Knockdown of TNNT1 markedly arrested proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas it also promoted apoptosis. TNNT1 was identified as a target gene of miR‐873, and there was a negative correlation among CRC samples.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we have demonstrated that TNNT1, regulated by miR‐873, is an oncogene of CRC associated with patient prognosis.
Rapid and Simple Identification and Quantification of Components in Detergent Formulations by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Hansen Svend Høime , Damhus Ture , Brask Jesper 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA rapid, inexpensive, and simple high‐resolution NMR spectroscopic method is outlined for determining the content of surfactants and other low‐molecular‐weight organic compounds in detergent formulations. With simple sample preparation, quantitative results can be obtained from an internal standard and/or the method can be used as a fingerprint analysis of the surfactant composition. The NMR sample is prepared by suspending the detergent sample in deuterated acetic acid and thus dissolving surfactants and other organic compounds. Any content of carbonate will be liberated as CO2, whereas other inorganic materials are removed by centrifugation. From one‐dimensional1H and two‐dimensional HSQC NMR spectra, the surfactant components and low‐molecular‐weight organic compounds can be identified from reference spectra. Intensities of signature signals in the one‐dimensional1H NMR spectrum are used for quantification by comparing with an internal standard. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how31P NMR can be used to identify and quantify phosphonate‐type chelators.
Reversible surface modification of polydimethylsiloxane film for stretchable display
Authors: Kim Sang Il , Yoon Ho Won , Yoon Jeong Sik , Yun Ju Ho , Kim Hyeong Wook , Yun Chang Jin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film is the most widely used elastomeric substrate for stretchable electronic devices. However, it is difficult to directly deposit a metal layer on the PDMS film because many defects such as cracks and wrinkles in the metal layer form too easily. This problem can be addressed by modifying the film surface rigidly through some surface oxidation processes. However, this rigid surface should be removed after the fabrication process is completed because the surface may induce lots of cracks on the PDMS film when the fabricated stretchable electronic device is used in a stretching state. In this study, a wet etching process using a buffered HF (BHF) solution is used to effectively remove the rigid surfaceformed on the PDMS film and to dramatically reduce the crack lines formed after the PDMS film stretching. Hence, areversible process for controlling the mechanical properties of the PDMS film surface was established. According tosome analysis results, the rigid surface formed by UV ozone exposure on the PDMS film was found to have apolysiloxane network structure including more silicon atoms bound to three oxygens, and the surface etched by BHFsolution was found to be recovered to the similar structure with that of the PDMS film.
A complex network analysis of inbound tourism in Sicily
Authors: Provenzano Davide , Baggio Rodolfo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, the complex dynamics of inbound tourism in Sicily is analyzed for the period 1998–2017. The horizontal visibility graph algorithm is used to transform the overnight stays' time series into a network whose topology is investigated by standard network analysis. Discontinuities in the domestic and international tourism demand were identified in order to detect signals of change and the timing of the directional change in tourism growth. The network degree distribution confirms the complex structure of the destination and reveals the random and thus more unpredictable nature of the international tourism demand in Sicily, compared with a more stable domestic segment. Some policy implications are drawn.
The 13C chemical shift and the anisotropy effect of the carbene electron‐deficient centre: Simple means to characterize the electron distribution of carbenes
Authors: Kleinpeter Erich , Koch Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBoth the 13C chemical shift and the calculated anisotropy effect (spatial magnetic properties) of the electron‐deficient centre of stable, crystalline, and structurally characterized carbenes have been employed to unequivocally characterize potential resonance contributors to the present mesomerism (carbene, ylide, betaine, and zwitter ion) and to determine quantitatively the electron deficiency of the corresponding carbene carbon atom. Prior to that, both structures and 13C chemical shifts were calculated and compared with the experimental δ(13C)/ppm values and geometry parameters (as a quality criterion for obtained structures).
Regioselective preparation and NMR spectroscopy study of 2‐chloro‐4‐ethoxy‐quinoline for the synthesis of 2‐((3‐aminopropyl)amino)quinolin‐4(1H)‐one
Authors: Vasconcelos Vontobel Pedro Henrique , dos Santos Fuscaldo Rodrigo , dos Santos Francisco Paulo , Sobieski da Costa Jessie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHerein, we describe the C4‐ethoxylation of 2,4‐dichloroquinoline to prepare 2‐chloro‐4‐ethoxy‐quinoline (3), which is a prominent intermediate used for the synthesis of 2‐substituted quinolones. To achieve this goal, we studied different conditions for the reaction between 2,4‐dichloroquinoline and sodium ethoxide. We discovered that the use of 18‐crown‐6 ether as an additive and dimethylformamide as the reaction solvent allowed us to obtain the desired product 3 in very good yield and selectivity. In addition, a definitive distinction between the C2 and C4 ethoxylation products was achieved using 1H─15N heteronuclear multiple bond correlation. Compound 3 is an intermediate used for the synthesis of 2‐((3‐aminopropyl)amino)quinolin‐4(1H)‐one, which displays peculiar behavior during 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, such as the broadening of the H8 singlet and unexpected deuteration at the C8‐position. Effort has been dedicated to understand these findings.
Distributed RHC stabilization for discrete‐time large‐scale systems with imposed constraints
Authors: Wang Yating , Liu Xiaohua , Gao Rong , Xu Juanjuan 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis paper is concerned with finite horizon distributed stabilization of linear discrete‐time large‐scale systems with imposed constraints. Firstly, by constructing the performance index with two terminal weighted matrices, the necessary and sufficient conditions for stabilizing the system are derived. It is shown that distributed receding horizon control (RHC) can stabilize the discrete time large system with constraints if and only if two novel Lyapunov inequalities on the terminal weighting matrix are satisfied. Secondly, the finite horizon optimal control problem is solved by using the maximum principle (necessary condition), and the Riccati equation satisfying the corresponding distributed control system is derived. Based on the Riccati equation, the explicit optimal distributed RHC controller is obtained. Finally, simulation examples are used to verify the feasibility of distributed RHC to stabilize the system.
Dosimetric study of the medical Agility grating system in radiotherapy of orbital lymphoma
Authors: Huifeng Shi , Wenyong Tu , Haisheng Hu , Wenhui Fan , Fan Bi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe spatial location of the orbital lymphoma target area is special; improving the quality of the orbital lymphoma plan and protecting the eye are important focus areas for doctors and physicists. This study aimed to investigate the dosimetric characteristics of the Agility grating system in orbital lymphoma.MethodsA total of 10 patients with orbital lymphoma who underwent radiotherapy at the Ninth People's Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, from 1 May 2016 to 30 May 2018 were selected. The Monaco treatment planning system was used for calculation, and the MLCi2 and Agility grating data were selected, respectively. Dynamic intensity adjustment was carried out. In the calculation, the limit of other tissues is fixed, and only the limit of the patient's affected side crystal is changed. The limit range is changed from 4 to 20 Gy. The function is Serial, and each change is 2 Gy. The whole eye, the crystal, the optic nerve, and the target area's conformal index, homogeneity index, and planned hop count were calculated, respectively.ResultsWith increased limitation of the affected side crystal, Agility was more advantageous in the parameters of conformal index, homogeneity index, the affected side of the optic nerve, the average amounts of the affected eye and side of the eye, and the planned number of hops. The conformal index difference rate was 27.12%. After dropping to 5.11%, the difference rate of the homogeneity index decreased from 11.52% to 1.57%, and the downward trend gradually slowed down (P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences: the difference rate of the affected side optic nerve decreased from 11.99% to 1.53% (P < 0.01); the mean difference rate of the affected side crystals decreased from 20.59% to 3.55% (P < 0.01); and the mean value of the affected side eye was <10 Gy when the crystal limit was <10 Gy. The difference in learning was >10 Gy, and there was no statistical difference. The calculation results of the contralateral crystal, MLCi2, are more advantageous (P < 0.01), indicating there is a statistically significant difference.ConclusionThe results of Agility gratings are more dosimetric than MLCi2 gratings in the treatment of orbital lymphoma. Agility grating should be used for radiotherapy of orbital lymphoma.
Green Decarboxylative Aminoalkylation of Coumarin‐3‐Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Soltani Siavash Salek , Golshani Mostafa , Moghimi Setareh , Farnia S. Morteza F. , Ketabforoosh Shima H. M. E. , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh , Foroumadi Alireza 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new metal‐free decarboxylative coupling reaction between coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acid derivatives, formaldehyde, and amines is developed. The use of water as the solvent without using any catalyst or additive, excellent functional group tolerance, and good yields are the beneficial features of this synthetic pathway. The cholinesterase inhibitory activity of some selected target compounds is also evaluated.
Two Synthesis Methods for Fe(III)@MOF‐5‐derived Porous Carbon Composites for Enhanced Phenol Hydroxylation
Authors: Xiang Bai‐lin , Fu Lin , Li Yongfei , Liu Yuejin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMOF‐5‐derived porous carbon (MDPC) materials, MDPC‐600 and MDPC‐1000, were prepared by pyrolysis at 600 °C in nitrogen atmosphere prior to acid treatment and at 1000 °C in nitrogen atmosphere, respectively. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X–MaxN energy spectrum, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The test results of MDPC‐1000 and MDPC‐600 show that both are microporous amorphous carbon with the 2.7 nm diameter pore size, indicating that the micropore of MOF‐5 is well preserved during pyrolysis. MDPC‐1000 and MDPC‐600 have specific surface areas of 1570.9 m2/g and 1029.5 m2/g, respectively. MDPC‐1000 and MDPC‐600 were loaded with Fe ions to prepare Fe(III)/MDPC composite materials, which were used as catalysts for phenol hydroxylation. The results show that Fe(III)/MDPC‐1000 has higher catalytic effect than Fe(III)/MDPC‐600. During one hour phenol hydroxylation at 80 °C with 3 wt.% Fe concentration and a mass ratio of catalyst to phenol of 0.053, Fe(III)/MDPC‐1000 provides maximum phenol conversion, dihydroxybenzene yield, and dihydroxybenzene selectivity of 61.4%, 54.3%, and 88.4%, respectively.
Theoretical Studies on Energetic Nitrogen‐Rich Heterocyclic Substituted Derivatives of Pyrazino [2, 3‐e] [1, 2, 3, 4] Tetrazine‐1, 3‐di‐N‐oxide
Authors: Ullah Khan Raza , Zhu Weihua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe used an effective approach to design a series of new energetic compounds by incorporating nitrogenous heterocyclic substituents (furazan, imidazole, triazole, oxazine, pyrazine, triazine, and tetrazine) together with two N‐oxide into pyrazino [2, 3‐e] [1, 2, 3, 4] tetrazine molecule. Their heat of formations (HOFs) were calculated by employing DFT−B3LYP method with 6–311G** basis set. The findings reveal that the substitution of the ‐N3 and N3‐substituted tetrazine groups causes a sufficiently large increase in the HOFs. The energy gap decreases for all the derivatives. The calculated values of detonation pressure and detonation velocity show that the substitution of the NF2‐, N(NO2)2‐, and ONO2‐substituted heterocycles is very helpful to enhance the detonation properties. The calculated bond dissociation energy values for few weakest bonds reflect that the nitrogen‐nitrogen (N2‐N3) bond in the pyrazino [2, 3‐e] [1, 2, 3, 4] tetrazine molecule is a weakest bond and ring cleavage may happen during thermal decomposition except for nitroxy (‐ONO2) substituted derivatives, where O‐NO2 bond may rupture rather than ring cleavage. By considering detonation properties, thermal stabilities, and other properties, 9 of our designed compounds may be consider as potential candidates of high energy density compounds because of their ambitious detonation performance and suitable thermal stability.
Glucose Isomerizes to Fructose Catalyzed by the Eco‐Friendly and Biodegradable Ionic Liquids
Authors: Li Xuan , Zhang Xiong , Li Haowei , Long Jinxing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, a new and cost‐effective strategy is proposed for the selective isomerization of glucose to fructose in the aqueous solutions involving eco‐friendly and biodegradable ionic liquids, which consist of a choline cation and natural amino acid anions. The results show that these ionic liquid aqueous solutions demonstrate impressive performances on the glucose isomerization. At the reaction conditions of 70 °C for 30 min and 1.0 MPa N2, a 37.6% fructose yield is obtained with a 77.2% selectivity in the presence of choline proline. It is noteworthy that both of these fructose yield and selectivity are higher than those of many current base‐catalyzed techniques. This high performance should be ascribed to the intensive enhancement of choline cation on the catalytic active centre of proline anion which consequentially facilitates the isomerization of glucose. Furthermore, this robust catalyst of [Ch]Pro is recyclable, where a satisfied catalytic activity is shown even after five consecutive runs, indicating its great potential in both biomass valorization and food industry.
Cover Image, Volume 12, Issue 1
Authors: Mohsen Mona O. , Speiser Daniel E. , Knuth Alexander , Bachmann Martin F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe cover image is based on the Advanced Review Virus‐like particles for vaccination against cancer, by Mona O. Mohsen, Daniel E. Speiser, Alexander Knuth, Martin F. Bachmann. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1579.
image
A novel Hexa data encoding method for 2D image crypto-compression
Authors: Siddeq Mohammed M. , Rodrigues Marcos A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe proposed a novel method for 2D image compression-encryption whose quality is demonstrated through accurate 2D image reconstruction at higher compression ratios. The method is based on the DWT-Discrete Wavelet Transform where high frequency sub-bands are connected with a novel Hexadata crypto-compression algorithm at compression stage and a new fast matching search algorithm at decoding stage. The novel crypto-compression method consists of four main steps: 1) A five-level DWT is applied to an image to zoom out the low frequency sub-band and increase the number of high frequency sub-bands to facilitate the compression process; 2) The Hexa data compression algorithm is applied to each high frequency sub-band independently by using five different keys to reduce each sub-band to1/6of its original size; 3) Build a look up table of probability data to enable decoding of the original high frequency sub-bands, and 4) Apply arithmetic coding to the outputs of steps (2) and (3). At decompression stage a fast matching search algorithm is used to reconstruct all high frequency sub-bands. We have tested the technique on 2D images including streaming from videos (YouTube). Results show that the proposed crypto-compression method yields high compression ratios up to 99% with high perceptual quality images.
Hypophosphatasie – eine klinisch und genetisch variable Erkrankung
Authors: Jandl Nico Maximilian , Volk Alexander , Barvencik Florian 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Hypophosphatasie (HPP) ist eine erbliche metabolische Multisystemerkrankung, deren klinische Hauptcharakteristika Mineralisierungsstörungen von Knochen und Zähnen sowie Muskel- und Gelenkschmerzen sind. Die klinische Symptomatik ist vom Erkrankungsalter abhängig und gestaltet sich sowohl interindividuell als auch intrafamiliär sehr variabel. Es werden sechs Unterformen der HPP abgegrenzt, wobei die Übergänge fließend sind. Sie reichen von der schweren perinatalen Form, die früher aufgrund fehlender Skelettmineralisierung meist tödlich war, bis hin zur adulten Form mit typischen Symptomen wie Frakturheilungsstörungen oder Stressfrakturen. Unspezifische Symptome wie Muskelschmerzen und -schwäche, Migräne oder Depressionen können ebenfalls Teil der HPP sein. Während schwere Formen mit einer Prävalenz zwischen 1/100.000 und 1/300.000 selten sind, kommen milde Formen der HPP deutlich häufiger vor. Perinatale und frühkindliche Formen sind meist autosomal-rezessiv vererbt, hingegen werden später auftretende Formen autosomal-rezessiv oder -dominant vererbt. Ursache der HPP ist eine reduzierte oder fehlende Aktivität der gewebeunspezifischen alkalischen Phosphatase (AP), welche durch das ALPL-Gen kodiert wird. Laborchemisch lassen sich im Serum eine alters- und geschlechtsspezifisch erniedrigte AP-Aktivität und eine konsekutive Erhöhung der AP-Substrate, z. B. des Pyridoxal-5-Phosphats (PLP), feststellen. Seit der Erstbeschreibung der Erkrankung 1948 haben sich die Diagnostik und Therapie der HPP dramatisch verbessert. Vor 4 Jahren ist eine Enzymersatztherapie mit Asfotase alfa (Strensiq®) für schwer betroffene HPP-Patienten mit Beginn der Erkrankung vor dem 18. Lebensjahr zugelassen worden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über das breite klinische Spektrum der HPP, pathophysiologische Hintergründe, die laborchemische und molekulargenetische Diagnostik sowie gegenwärtige Therapieoptionen und deren Behandlungsindikationen.
Empedocles the Sorcerer and his Hexametrical Pharmaka
Authors: Faraone Christopher 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn one of his fragments, Empedocles addresses his protégé Pausanias, predicting or promising that he will learn pharmaka, a word that is usually understood to mean herbal ‘drugs' or ‘remedies’ for disease, an interpretation that in turn seems to have been encouraged by a modern understanding that Empedocles was an empirically minded medical doctor. An alternate interpretation is suggested, however, by the recently published Getty Hexameters which use the word pharmaka several times to refer to hexametrical incantations that will protect a group of houses or a city from danger. These hexameters, moreover, are inscribed on a lead tablet of late-classical date that most probably came from the Sicilian city of Selinus, a date and a provenance that put its composition in close proximity to Empedocles himself.
Violence on Many Sides: Framing Effects on Protest and Support for Repression
Authors: Edwards Pearce , Arnon Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe success of protests depends on whether they favorably affect public opinion: nonviolent resistance can win public support for a movement, but regimes counter by framing protest as violent and instigated by outsiders. The authors argue that public perceptions of whether a protest is violent shift based on the framing of the types of action and the identities of participants in those actions. The article distinguishes between three dimensions: (1) threat of harm, (2) bearing of arms and (3) identity of protesters. Using survey experiments in Israel and the United States, the study finds support for framing effects. Threat of harm has the largest positive effect on perceptions of violence and support for repression. Surprisingly, social out-groups are not perceived as more violent, but respondents favor repressing them anyway. Support for repressing a nonthreatening out-group is at least as large as support for repressing a threatening in-group. The findings link contentious action and public opinion, and demonstrate the susceptibility of this link to framing.
No doing without time
Authors: Pan Shen , Carruthers Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hoerl & McCormack claim that animals don't represent time. Because this makes a mystery of established findings in comparative psychology, there had better be some important payoff. The main one they mention is that it explains a clash of intuition about the reality of time's passage. But any theory that recognizes the representational requirements of agency can do likewise.