bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Microwave Absorption Properties of Carbon Black and Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 Nanocomposites by Tuning the Matching-Absorbing Layer Structures
Authors: Ibrahim Idza Riati , Matori Khamirul Amin , Ismail Ismayadi , Awang Zaiki , Rusly Siti Nor Ain , Nazlan Rodziah , Mohd Idris Fadzidah , Muhammad Zulkimi Muhammad Misbah , Abdullah Nor Hapishah , Mustaffa Muhammad Syazwan , Shafiee Farah Nabilah , Ertugrul Mehmet 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicrowave absorption properties were systematically studied for double-layer carbon black/epoxy resin (CB) and Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4/epoxy resin (F) nanocomposites in the frequency range of 8 to 18 GHz. The Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via high energy ball milling with subsequent sintering while carbon black was commercially purchased. The materials were later incorporated into epoxy resin to fabricate double-layer composite structures with total thicknesses of 2 and 3 mm. The CB1/F1, in which carbon black as matching and ferrite as absorbing layer with each thickness of 1 mm, showed the highest microwave absorption of more than 99.9%, with minimum reflection loss of −33.8 dB but with an absorption bandwidth of only 2.7 GHz. Double layer absorbers with F1/CB1(ferrite as matching and carbon black as absorbing layer with each thickness of 1 mm) structure showed the best microwave absorption performance in which more than 99% microwave energy were absorbed, with promising minimum reflection loss of −24.0 dB, along with a wider bandwidth of 4.8 GHz and yet with a reduced thickness of only 2 mm.
Structural dynamics of Populus euphratica forests in different stages in the upper reaches of the Tarim River in China
Authors: Miao Ning , Jiao Peipei , Tao Wenjing , Li Maoping , Li Zhijun , Hu Bin , Moermond Timothy C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe selected fourPopulus euphraticaOliv. forest plots (100 m × 100 m) in the upper reaches of the Tarim River in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Each of the four forest plots was chosen to represent a different growth and death stage ofP. euphraticaforest: juvenile forest, mature forest, dying forest, and dead forest. In each plot, we measured the coordinates, DBH, height, and status of allP. euphraticaindividuals. We used (1) spatial pattern analysis to explore spatial distribution patterns and associations of live trees and dead trees, (2) a random mortality model to test whether the tree death was random or non-random, and (3) a generalized linear mixed-effect model (GLMM) to analyse factors related to tree survival (or death). In the juvenile plot, live trees were significantly aggregated at all scales (p < 0.05); while in the mature and dying plots, live trees were more aggregated at small scales and randomly distributed at larger scales. Live trees and dead trees showed a significantly positive association at all scales in the juvenile plot (p < 0.05). While in the mature and dying plots, live trees and dead trees only showed a significantly positive association at scales of 0–3 m (p < 0.05). There was significant density-dependent mortality in the juvenile plot; while mortality was spatially random at all scales in the mature and dying plots. The distance from the river showed significantly negative correlations with tree survival (p < 0.01). DBH and height had significantly positive associations with tree survival in the juvenile, mature, and dying plots (p < 0.05). In extreme drought, dying trees appeared to be shape-shifting into more shrub-like forms with clumps of root sprouts replacing the high canopies. The shift under extreme drought stress to more shrub-like forms ofP. euphraticamay extend their time to wait for a favourable change.
Three-dimensional culture models mimic colon cancer heterogeneity induced by different microenvironments
Authors: Kawai Shigeto , Yamazaki Masaki , Shibuya Keita , Yamazaki Masaya , Fujii Etsuko , Nakano Kiyotaka , Suzuki Masami 
Published: February 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer demonstrates intra-tumour heterogeneity formed by a hierarchical structure comprised of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their differentiated progenies. The mechanism by which CSCs are maintained and differentiated needs to be further elucidated, and there is evidence that the tumour microenvironment governs cancer stemness. Using PLR123, a colon cancer cell line with CSC properties, we determined the culture conditions necessary to establish a pair of three-dimensional (3D) culture models grown in Matrigel, designated stemCO and diffCO. The conditions were determined by comparing the phenotypes in the models with PLR123 mouse xenografts colonising lung and liver. StemCO resembled LGR5-positive undifferentiated tumours in the lung, and diffCO had lumen structures composed of polarised cells that were similar to the ductal structures found in differentiated tumours in the liver. In a case using the models for biomedical research, treatment with JAG-1 peptide or a γ-secretase inhibitor modified the Notch signaling and induced changes indicating that the signal participates in lumen formation in the models. Our results demonstrate that culture conditions affect the stemness of 3D culture models generated from CSCs and show that comparing models with different phenotypes is useful for studying how the tumour environment regulates cancer.
Effects of SDS on the activity and conformation of protein tyrosine phosphatase from thermus thermophilus HB27
Authors: Hou Hai , He Huawei , Wang Yejing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeciphering the activity-conformation relationship of PTPase is of great interest to understand how PTPase activity is determined by its conformation. Here we studied the activity and conformational transitions of PTPase from thermus thermophilus HB27 in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Activity assays showed the inactivation of PTPase induced by SDS was in a concentration-dependent manner. Fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra suggested SDS induced significant conformational transitions of PTPase, which resulted in the inactivation of PTPase, and the changes of α-helical structure and tertiary structure of PTPase. Structural analysis revealed a number of hydrophobic and charged residues around the active sites of PTPase may be involved in the hydrophobic and ionic bonds interactions of PTPase and SDS, which are suggested to be the major driving force to result in PTPase inactivation and conformational transitions induced by SDS. Our results suggested the hydrophobic and charged residues around the active sites were essential for the activity and conformation of PTPase. Our study promotes a better understanding of the activity and conformation of PTPase.
Nanocomposite structure of two-line ferrihydrite powder from total scattering
Authors: Funnell Nicholas P. , Fulford Maxwell F. , Inoué Sayako , Kletetschka Karel , Michel F. Marc , Goodwin Andrew L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFerrihydrite is one of the most important iron-containing minerals on Earth. Yet determination of its atomic-scale structure has been frustrated by its intrinsically poor crystallinity. The key difficulty is that physically-different models can appear consistent with the same experimental data. Using X-ray total scattering and a nancomposite reverse Monte Carlo approach, we evaluate the two principal contending models—one a multi-phase system without tetrahedral iron(III), and the other a single phase with tetrahedral iron(III). Our methodology is unique in considering explicitly the complex nanocomposite structure the material adopts: namely, crystalline domains embedded in a poorly-ordered matrix. The multi-phase model requires unphysical structural rearrangements to fit the data, whereas the single-phase model accounts for the data straightforwardly. Hence the latter provides the more accurate description of the short- and intermediate-range order of ferrihydrite. We discuss how this approach might allow experiment-driven (in)validation of complex models for important nanostructured phases beyond ferrihydrite.
Two-step synthesis of millimeter-scale flexible tubular supercapacitors
Authors: Lu Chao , Chen Xi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlexible supercapacitors have been demonstrated to be ideal energy storage devices owing to their lightweight and flexible nature and their high power density. However, conventional film-shaped devices struggle to meet the requirements of application in complicated situations, including medical instruments and wearable electronics. Here we report a hollow-structured flexible tubular supercapacitor prepared from a scalable method with the same diameter as electric wires. This new supercapacitor design allows for a large specific capacitance of 102 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 with excellent air-working stability over 10,000 cycles. It also shows a high energy density of 14.2 Wh kg−1 with good rate capability even at a current density of 10 A g−1, which is superior to commercial devices (3–10 Wh kg−1). Moreover, the device delivers a stable energy storage capacity when encountering different flexible conditions, such as elongated, tangled and bent states, showing wide potentials in flexible and even wearable applications. Especially, it retains stable specific capacitance even after 500 bending cycles with a bending angle of 180°. The two-step fabrication method of these flexible tubular supercapacitors may allow for possible mass production, as they could be easily integrated with other functional components, and used in realistic scenarios that conventional film devices struggle to realize.
A novel method for stress evaluation in chemically strengthened glass based on micro-Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Terakado Nobuaki , Sasaki Ryusei , Takahashi Yoshihiro , Fujiwara Takumi , Orihara Shuji , Orihara Yoshio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChemically strengthened glass is widely used for screen protection in mobile devices, and its strengthening processes and application fields have rapidly diversified. The origin of the strength is residual compressive stress induced by ion exchange, and the stress evaluation has been performed via the photoelastic effect. However, for a deep understanding of the nature of the strength and development of stronger glasses, we need a method directly connected to atomic-scale glass structures. Here, we propose a method based on the “stuffing” effect, where we can determine the residual stress non-contactively and non-destructively with a high spatial resolution using Boson, D1, D2, and A1 peaks in micro-Raman spectra. Finally, we show a plausible depth dependence of the residual stress.
Down-regulation of microRNA-203a suppresses IL-1β-induced inflammation and cartilage degradation in human chondrocytes through Smad3 signaling
Authors: An Yongbo , Wan Guang , Tao Jingang , Cui Mingxing , Zhou Qinglan , Hou Wengen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and prevalent degenerative musculoskeletal disorder, which is characterized by articular cartilage degradation and joint inflammation. MicroRNA-203a (miR-203a) has been shown to be involved in multiple pathological processes during OA, but little is known about its function in chondrocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of miR-203a on articular cartilage degradation and joint inflammation. We observed that the miR-203a level was significantly up-regulated in OA tissues and in an in vitro model of OA, respectively. Inhibition of miR-203a significantly alleviated the interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inflammatory response and ECM degradation in chondrocytes. Moreover, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3), a key factor in maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis, was identified as a putative target of miR-203a in chondrocytes. More importantly, inhibition of Smad3 impaired the inhibitory effects of the miR-203a on IL-1β-induced inflammatory response and ECM degradation. Collectively, these results demonstrated that miR-203a may contribute to articular cartilage degradation of OA by targeting Smad3, suggesting a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of OA.
The association of miR34b/c and TP53 gene polymorphisms with Wilms tumor risk in Chinese children
Authors: Wang Juxiang , Lou Susu , Huang Xiaokai , Mo Yixiao , Wang Zhen , Zhu Jinhong , Tian Xiaoqian , Shi Jiandong , Zhou Haixia , He Jing , Ruan Jichen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric malignancy in the kidney. The miR34b/c is a downstream target gene of the transcription factor p53. The important role of TP53 mutations, the methylation of miR34b/c, and the interaction between these two molecules in tumorigenesis have been well documented. Due to the biological connection between p53 and miR34b/c, in the present study, we investigated the association between polymorphisms in these two molecules and Wilms tumor susceptibility through genotyping two important functional polymorphisms (miR34b/c rs4938723 T&gt;C and TP53 rs1042522 C&gt;G) in 183 cases and 603 controls. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from the logistic regression analysis were used to assess the correlation of miR34b/c rs4938723 and TP53 rs1042522 polymorphisms with Wilms tumor risk. Our results indicated that the association of miR34b/c rs4938723 and TP53 rs1042522 polymorphisms with Wilms tumor susceptibility was not statistically significant. Stratified analysis by age, gender, and clinical stage, as well as combined effect analysis were also performed, yet, no significant association was found. In conclusion, our study indicated a lack of association between the two selected polymorphisms and Wilms tumor susceptibility. Our findings need to be verified in studies with larger sample size in the future.
Clinical Lessons From Studies of Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Rice Mabel L. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis clinical focus article addresses a current debate contrasting the long-standing label of “specific language impairment” (SLI) with a recent alternative, “developmental language disorders” (DLDs); the criteria for SLI yields a subset of children defined as DLD. Recent social media advocacy for DLD asserts that the two categories of children are clinically equivalent, and therefore, DLD can be used as a label for which SLI criteria would hold. Coupled with DLD advocacy is the assumption that research on SLI has not yielded clinically relevant outcomes. This clinical focus article challenges those assumptions. The clinical focus article is framed as parallels between precision medicine and evidence-based practice. The purposes of this clinical focus article are as follows: (a) revisit the legacy of research on SLI; (b) describe language development in children with SLI into adulthood; (c) address widespread but erroneous assumptions about relationships between speech impairments and language impairments, and relationships between nonverbal IQ and language impairments; (d) briefly review evidence for causal pathways; and (e) present clinical lessons from research on children with SLI.MethodNarrative review is the method used in the study.ConclusionsThe purposes of the clinical focus article were met by reviews, commentary, and supporting arguments in each section. The conclusions are that the research and clinical category of SLI is needed for accurate and precise clinical practice, including diagnosis, prognosis, clinical goals, sequencing of tasks for success, and consideration of language disorders in the context of a broad thicket of related consequences.
Academic Education of the Speech-Language Pathologist: A Comparative Analysis on Graduate Education in Two Low-Incidence Disorder Areas
Authors: Mason Kazlin N. , Sypniewski Hannah , Perry Jamie L. 
Published: February 2020

Background/Purpose
When working with a specialized population, it is necessary to have the appropriate clinical and academic training. However, many speech-language pathologists report being ill-prepared regarding best practice when evaluating and treating patients with low-incidence disorders, particularly cleft palate/craniofacial anomalies and fluency disorders. The purpose of this study was to compare differences in graduate speech-language pathology coursework in the United States across two low-incidence disorder areas: cleft/craniofacial anomalies and fluency disorders.

Method
A review of the accredited graduate curricula offerings within these domains was completed. Information whether coursework in these areas was offered, if the course was taught as a full course or embedded within a related course, or whether the content was required or an elective, and if the course was taught by an expert was obtained.

Results
Significant differences were present in the amount, quality, and type of course content offered for cleft/craniofacial anomalies compared to fluency disorders. Only 72.83% of graduate speech-language pathologist programs offered content in cleft/craniofacial anomalies. Approximately one out of every four programs (27.17%) did not provide this content within the graduate curriculum. In contrast, content in fluency disorders was taught in 99.28% of graduate programs.

Conclusion
Results demonstrate that graduate training in topics related to cleft/craniofacial anomalies is significantly limited, particularly in comparison to another low-incidence communication disorder.
Developmental Language Disorder: Applications for Advocacy, Research, and Clinical Service
Authors: McGregor Karla K. , Goffman Lisa , Van Horne Amanda Owen , Hogan Tiffany P. , Finestack Lizbeth H. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe CATALISE group (Bishop, Snowling, Thompson, Greenhalgh, & CATALISE Consortium, 2016; Bishop, Snowling, Thompson, Greenhalgh, & CATALISE-2 Consortium, 2017) recommended that the termdevelopmental language disorder(DLD) be used to refer to neurodevelopmental language deficit. In this tutorial, we explain the appropriate application of the term and present advantages in adhering to the CATALISE recommendations.ConclusionBoth specific language impairment and DLD refer to a neurodevelopmental condition that impairs spoken language, is long-standing and, is not associated with any known causal condition. The applications of the termsspecific language impairmentandDLDdiffer in breadth and the extent to which identification depends upon functional impact. Use of the termDLDwould link advocacy efforts in the United States to those in other English-speaking countries. The criteria for identifying DLD presented in the CATALISE consensus offer opportunities for scientific progress while aligning well with practice in U.S. public schools.
School-Based Practicum: Exploring the Experiences of Student Clinicians, Supervisors, and New Employees
Authors: Giess SallyAnn , Bland Lauren E. , Farrell C. Colin 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Data collected by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) consistently show that over 50% of ASHA-certified speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are employed in a school-based setting. In such a setting, SLPs address a wide range of disorder areas. Key components of preparation for school-based practice are focused academic coursework, the clinical practicum in a school setting, and practicum supervisors who serve as key figures in training graduate students. This survey focused on the experiences and opinions of three groups: (a) graduate student clinicians who have completed a school-based practicum, (b) supervisors in the schools, and (c) new school-based SLPs.

Method
Convenience sampling was used to survey newly practicing school-based SLPs and school-based supervisors as well as graduate student clinicians at universities in the mid-south who have completed a school-based practicum. Surveys were posted to two ASHA Special Interest Groups and disseminated by selected graduate program directors to graduate student clinicians. Results were analyzed to measure satisfaction with preparation for school-based service. Surveys were completed electronically and analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively for consistent themes and trends in responses.

Results
A total of 252 respondents completed the survey, the majority being school-based supervisors. Graduate clinicians and speech-language pathology supervisors shared similar attitudes regarding graduate clinician preparation for a school-based practicum, with most students indicating they received good or extensive preparation and, similarly, supervisors indicating that graduate students were adequately or well prepared. Differences were found in expectations between groups of what graduate students should know, skills identified as needing better development, and what is important for successful practice in the schools.

Conclusions
Many factors contribute to the success of a clinical practicum. While students, supervisors, and new employees share beliefs in what is important and have similar confidence in preparedness, there are differences in expectations between groups as well. Communication between university training programs, school-based supervisors, and dedicated coursework to school-based practice are key factors in the successful preparation of school-based clinicians.
A more detailed look at Galactic magnetic field models: using free–free absorption in HII regions
Authors: Polderman I. M. , Haverkorn M. , Jaffe T. R. 
Published: February 2020

Context. Cosmic rays (CRs) and the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) are fundamental actors in many processes in the Milky Way. The observed interaction product of these actors is Galactic synchrotron emission integrated over the line of sight (LOS). A comparison to simulations can be made with this tracer using existing GMF models and CR density models. This probes the GMF strength and morphology and the CR density.
Aims. Our aim is to provide insight into the Galactic CR density and the distribution and morphology of the GMF strength by exploring and explaining the differences between the simulations and observations of synchrotron intensity.
Methods. At low radio frequencies HII regions become opaque due to free–free absorption. Using these HII regions we can measure the synchrotron intensity over a part of the LOS through the Galaxy. The measured intensity per unit path length, that is, the emissivity, for HII regions at different distances, allows us to probe the variation in synchrotron emission not only across the sky but also in the third dimension of distance. Performing these measurements on a large scale is one of the new applications of the window opened by current low-frequency arrays. Using a number of existing GMF models in conjunction with the Galactic CR modeling code GALPROP, we can simulate these synchrotron emissivities.
Results. We present an updated catalog, compiled from the literature, of low-frequency absorption measurements of HII regions, their distances, and electron temperatures. We report a simulated emissivity that shows a compatible trend for HII regions that are near the observer. However, we observe a systematically increasing synchrotron emissivity for HII regions that are far from the observer, which is not compatible with the values simulated by the GMF models and GALPROP.
Conclusions. Current GMF models plus a GALPROP generated CR density model cannot explain low-frequency absorption measurements. One possibility is that distances to all HII regions catalogued at the kinematic “far” distance are erroneously determined, although this is unlikely since it ignores all evidence for far distances in the literature. However, a detection bias due to the nature of this tracer requires us to keep in mind that certain sources may be missed in an observation. The other possibilities are an enhanced emissivity in the outer Galaxy or a diminished emissivity in the inner Galaxy.