bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical Microstructural Alterations in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia
Authors: Vogt Nicholas M , Hunt Jack F , Adluru Nagesh , Dean Douglas C , Johnson Sterling C , Asthana Sanjay , Yu John-Paul J , Alexander Andrew L , Bendlin Barbara B 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neurodegenerative processes are ongoing for years prior to the time that cortical atrophy can be reliably detected using conventional neuroimaging techniques. Recent advances in diffusion-weighted imaging have provided new techniques to study neural microstructure, which may provide additional information regarding neurodegeneration. In this study, we used neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), a multi-compartment diffusion model, in order to investigate cortical microstructure along the clinical continuum of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD dementia. Using gray matter-based spatial statistics (GBSS), we demonstrated that neurite density index (NDI) was significantly lower throughout temporal and parietal cortical regions in MCI, while both NDI and orientation dispersion index (ODI) were lower throughout parietal, temporal, and frontal regions in AD dementia. In follow-up ROI analyses comparing microstructure and cortical thickness (derived from T1-weighted MRI) within the same brain regions, differences in NODDI metrics remained, even after controlling for cortical thickness. Moreover, for participants with MCI, gray matter NDI—but not cortical thickness—was lower in temporal, parietal, and posterior cingulate regions. Taken together, our results highlight the utility of NODDI metrics in detecting cortical microstructural degeneration that occurs prior to measurable macrostructural changes and overt clinical dementia.
Association between post-percutaneous coronary intervention bivalirudin infusion and net adverse clinical events: a post hoc analysis of the GLOBAL LEADERS study
Authors: Chang Chun Chin , Chichareon Ply , Modolo Rodrigo , Takahashi Kuniaki , Kogame Norihiro , Tomaniak Mariusz , Gao Chao , Royaards Kees-Jan , Cequier Angel , Oldroyd Keith , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Hamm Christian , Jüni Peter , Valgimigli Marco , Windecker Stephan , Onuma Yoshinobu , Stables Rod H , Jan van Geuns Robert , Serruys Patrick W 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
The efficacy and safety of continued bivalirudin infusion after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains uncertain. We sought to investigate the association between post-PCI bivalirudin infusion and the risk of net adverse clinical events (NACE) at 30 days.

Methods and results
In the GLOBAL LEADERS study, all patients who received bivalirudin during PCI were categorized according to the use of bivalirudin infusion after the procedure. The primary endpoint of the present analysis was NACE [a composite of all-cause death, any stroke, any myocardial infarction, all revascularization, and bleeding assessed according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria Type 3 or 5] at 30 days. The key safety endpoint was BARC Type 3 or 5 bleeding and definite stent thrombosis. Of 15 968 patients, 13 870 underwent PCI with the use of bivalirudin. In total, 7148 patients received continued bivalirudin infusion after procedure, while 6722 patients received standard care. After propensity score covariate adjustment, the risk of NACE did not significantly differ between two treatments after PCI [continued bivalirudin infusion vs. no bivalirudin infusion: 3.2% vs. 3.1%, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99–1.84, P = 0.06] nor the BARC Type 3 or 5 bleeding (0.7% vs. 0.7%, aHR 0.89, 95% CI 0.44–1.79; P = 0.743) and definite stent thrombosis (0.5% vs. 0.3%, aHR 1.71, 95% CI 0.77–3.81, P = 0.189). However, continued bivalirudin infusion was associated with an increased risk of NACE and definite stent thrombosis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Conclusion
In an all-comers population undergoing PCI, there was no significant difference in the risk of NACE at 30 days between continued bivalirudin infusion vs. no bivalirudin infusion after procedure but continued bivalirudin infusion was associated with a higher risk of NACE in STEMI patients when compared with no infusion.
Fractional flow reserve in clinical practice: from wire-based invasive measurement to image-based computation
Authors: Tu Shengxian , Westra Jelmer , Adjedj Julien , Ding Daixin , Liang Fuyou , Xu Bo , Holm Niels Ramsing , Reiber Johan H C , Wijns William 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio are the present standard diagnostic methods for invasive assessment of the functional significance of epicardial coronary stenosis. Despite the overall trend towards more physiology-guided revascularization, there remains a gap between guideline recommendations and the clinical adoption of functional evaluation of stenosis severity. A number of image-based approaches have been proposed to compute FFR without the use of pressure wire and induced hyperaemia. In order to better understand these emerging technologies, we sought to highlight the principles, diagnostic performance, clinical applications, practical aspects, and current challenges of computational physiology in the catheterization laboratory. Computational FFR has the potential to expand and facilitate the use of physiology for diagnosis, procedural guidance, and evaluation of therapies, with anticipated impact on resource utilization and patient outcomes.
Functional capabilities of bacterial biofilms on gold particles
Authors: Reith Frank , Falconer Donna M , Van Nostrand Joy , Craw David , Shuster Jeremiah , Wakelin Steven 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Gold particles contain gold and other toxic, heavy metals, making them ‘extreme’ geochemical microenvironments. To date, the functional capabilities of bacterial biofilms to deal with these conditions have been inferred from taxonomic analyses. The aims of this study are to evaluate the functional capabilities of bacterial communities on gold particles from six key locations using GeoChip 5.0 and to link functional and taxonomic data. Biofilm communities displayed a wide range of functional capabilities, with up to 53 505 gene probes detected. The capability of bacterial communities to (re)cycle carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur were detected. The cycling of major nutrients is important for maintaining the biofilm community as well as enabling the biogeochemical cycling and mobilisation of heavy and noble metals. Additionally, a multitude of stress- and heavy metal resistance capabilities were also detected, most notably from the α/β/γ-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The multi-copper-oxidase gene copA, which is directly involved in gold resistance and biomineralisation, was the 15th most intense response and was detected in 246 genera. The Parker Road and Belle Brooke sites were consistently the most different from other sites, which may be a result of local physicochemical conditions (extreme nutrient poverty and sulphur-richness, respectively). In conclusion, biofilms on gold particles display wide-ranging metabolic and stress-related capabilities, which may enable them to survive in these niche environments and drive biotransformation of gold particles.
Maternal Differential Treatment and Psychological Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Marital Tension and Sibling Tension?
Authors: Peng Siyun , Suitor J Jill , Gilligan Megan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesPast research used equity theory and social comparison theory to explain the direct effect of maternal differential treatment (MDT) on psychological well-being. However, this focus on psychological pathways ignores possible social pathways, such as indirect effects of MDT on well-being through disrupting other family relationships. This study uses stress proliferation theory to argue that MDT, as a primary stressor in mother–child relationships, can produce secondary stressors in other family relationships (e.g., sibling tension and marital tension), which in turn leads to lower psychological well-being.MethodsTo investigate this mechanism, we conducted multilevel mediation analysis using data collected from 720 adult children nested within 308 families, as part of the Within-Family Differences Study.ResultsWe found that sibling tension mediates the association between adult children’s perceptions of maternal disfavoritism and their psychological well-being—a process we call the stress proliferation of maternal disfavoritism. In contrast, adult children’s perceptions of maternal favoritism cannot trigger this stress proliferation process of producing marital tension nor sibling tension.DiscussionThe evaluation of the stress proliferation process of maternal favoritism and disfavoritism can help us to understand the difference in effects across various dimensions of MDT. This study contributes to the literature on social relationships as social determinants of health by investigating how intergenerational relationships are connected to other family relationships to affect family members’ health.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome during a 24-year period: importance of obesity and abdominal fat distribution
Authors: Forslund M , Landin-Wilhelmsen K , Trimpou P , Schmidt J , Brännström M , Dahlgren E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
What are the predictive factors for later development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Obesity and abdominal fat distribution in women with PCOS in the mid-fertile years were the major risk factors for T2DM development 24 years later when lifestyle factors were similar to controls.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Women with PCOS have an increased prevalence of T2DM.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
A longitudinal and cross-sectional study was performed. Women with PCOS were examined in 1992 and in 2016. Randomly selected, age-matched women from the general population served as controls.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Women with PCOS (n = 27), attending an outpatient clinical at a tertiary care centre for infertility or hirsutism were diagnosed in 1992 (mean age 30 years) and re-examined in 2016 (mean age 52 years). Women from the World Health Organization MONItoring of trends and determinants for CArdiovascular disease (WHO MONICA-GOT) 2008, aged 38–68 years, served as controls (n = 94), and they were previously examined in 1995. At both at baseline and at follow-up, women had blood samples taken, underwent a clinical examination and completed structured questionnaires, and the women with PCOS also underwent a glucose clamp test at baseline.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
None of women with PCOS had T2DM at baseline. At the 24-year follow-up, 19% of women with PCOS had T2DM versus 1% of controls (P &lt; 0.01). All women with PCOS who developed T2DM were obese and had waist-hip ratio (WHR) &gt;0.85 at baseline. No difference was seen between women with PCOS and controls regarding use of high-fat diet, Mediterranean diet or amount of physical activity at follow-up at peri/postmenopausal age. However, women with PCOS had a lower usage of a high-sugar diet as compared to controls (P = 0.01). The mean increases in BMI and WHR per year were similar in women with PCOS and controls during the follow-up period.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
The small sample size of women with PCOS and the fact that they were recruited due to infertility or hirsutism make generalization to women with milder forms of PCOS uncertain.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Obesity and abdominal fat distribution, but not hyperandrogenism per se, in women with PCOS in the mid-fertile years were the major risk factors for T2DM development 24 years later when peri/postmenopausal. Lifestyle factors were similar to controls at that time.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
The study was financed by grants from the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the country councils, the ALF-agreement (ALFGBG-718611), the Gothenburg Medical Association GLS 694291 and 780821, the Swedish Heart Lung Foundation and Hjalmar Svensson Foundation. The authors have no conflict of interest.
Control of bounded solutions for first-order singular differential equations with impulses
Authors: Kong Fanchao , Nieto Juan J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper is concerned with a kind of first-order singular differential system with impulses. Based on the Schaefer fixed-point theorem, some new verifiable algebraic criteria are given to ensure the controllability of bounded solutions for the considered system. The results obtained in this paper not only achieve the controllability of the singular differential system with impulses for the first time, but also complement the previous researches on singular differential system with impulses. Consequently, the results established are essentially new. Finally, the effectiveness of the obtained results are illustrated via a numerical example.
Poisson–Voronoi Tessellation on a Riemannian Manifold
Authors: Calka Pierre , Chapron Aurélie , Enriquez Nathanaël 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a Riemannian manifold $M$ and the Poisson–Voronoi tessellation generated by the union of a fixed point $x_0$ and a Poisson point process of intensity $\lambda $ on $M$. We obtain a two-term asymptotic expansion, when $\lambda $ goes to infinity, of the mean number of vertices of the Voronoi cell associated with $x_0$. The 1st term of the estimate is equal to the mean number of vertices in the Euclidean setting, while the 2nd term involves the scalar curvature of $M$ at $x_0$. This settles with the proper and rigorous frame the former 2D statement from [ 19] and extends it to higher dimension. The key tool for proving this result is a new change of variables formula of Blaschke–Petkantschin type in the Riemannian setting, which brings out the Ricci curvatures of the manifold.
Duration and Density of Fecal Rotavirus Shedding in Vaccinated Malawian Children With Rotavirus Gastroenteritis
Authors: Bennett Aisleen , Pollock Louisa , Jere Khuzwayo C , Pitzer Virginia E , Lopman Benjamin , Bar-Zeev Naor , Iturriza-Gomara Miren , Cunliffe Nigel A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Quantifying rotavirus shedding among vaccinated individuals will aid understanding of vaccine indirect effects. Serial stool samples were collected from 196 children who presented with rotavirus gastroenteritis to health facilities in Blantyre, Malawi, and were tested for rotavirus using a VP6 semi-quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction. The median duration of fecal shedding was 28 days (95% CI, 19–28). The median copy numbers for peak shedding were 1.99 × 107 (interquartile range, 3.39 × 106 to 6.37 × 107). The fecal viral load was positively associated with disease severity and negatively associated with serum anti-rotavirus immunoglobin A. High and persistent rotavirus shedding among vaccinated children with breakthrough disease may contribute to ongoing transmission in this setting.
GPC-1, a novel class A carbapenemase detected in a clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate
Authors: Schauer Jennifer , Gatermann Sören G , Hoffmann Daniel , Hupfeld Lars , Pfennigwerth Niels 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the carbapenem resistance mechanism of a carbapenem-resistant clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate.

Methods
A carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolate was recovered from a tracheal swab from a patient of a general ward in central Germany. Various phenotypic tests confirmed production of a carbapenemase that could not be identified further by PCR. A novel bla gene was identified by WGS and its carbapenemase activity was verified by heterologous expression in an Escherichia coli cloning strain. Kinetic parameters of the novel β-lactamase were determined by spectrophotometric measurements using purified enzyme.

Results
WGS confirmed the presence of a novel class A carbapenemase. The novel bla gene was named GPC-1 (GPC standing for German Pseudomonas Carbapenemase) and exhibited 77% amino acid identity to BKC-1. WGS also showed that blaGPC-1 was located on the chromosome surrounded by multiple ISs as part of a 26 kb genetic island. Heterologous expression of GPC-1 in E. coli TOP10 led to increased MICs of penicillins, oxyimino-cephalosporins, aztreonam and imipenem, but not of meropenem or ertapenem. Spectrophotometric measurements supported the MIC studies, but detected a slight hydrolysis of ertapenem and meropenem when using high concentrations of purified enzyme.

Conclusions
The biochemical characterization of GPC-1 emphasizes the ongoing emergence of novel carbapenemases. Strains expressing a weak carbapenemase like GPC-1 might go unrecognized by routine diagnostics due to low MICs for the bacterial strains producing such enzymes.
Leaf status and environmental signals jointly regulate proline metabolism in winter oilseed rape
Authors: Dellero Younes , Clouet Vanessa , Marnet Nathalie , Pellizzaro Anthoni , Dechaumet Sylvain , Niogret Marie-Françoise , Bouchereau Alain 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Proline metabolism is an essential component of plant adaptation to multiple environmental stress conditions that is also known to participate in specific developmental phases, particularly in reproductive organs. Recent evidence suggested a possible role for proline catabolism in Brassica napus for nitrogen remobilization processes from source leaves at the vegetative stage. Here, we investigate transcript levels of Δ1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE (P5CS) and PROLINE DEHYDROGENASE (ProDH) genes at the vegetative stage with respect to net proline biosynthesis and degradation fluxes in leaves having a different sink/source balance. We showed that the underexpression of three P5CS1 genes in source leaves was accompanied by a reduced commitment of de novo assimilated 15N towards proline biosynthesis and an overall depletion of free proline content. We found that the expression of ProDH genes was strongly induced by carbon starvation conditions (dark-induced senescence) compared with early senescing leaves. Our results suggested a role for proline catabolism in B. napus, but acting only at a late stage of senescence. In addition, we also identified some P5CS and ProDH genes that were differentially expressed during multiple processes (leaf status, dark to light transition, and stress response).
Cosmic evolution of star-forming galaxies to z ≃ 1.8 in the faint low-frequency radio source population
Authors: Ocran E F , Taylor A R , Vaccari M , Ishwara-Chandra C H , Prandoni I , Prescott M , Mancuso C 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We study the properties of star-forming galaxies selected at 610 MHz with the GMRT in a survey covering ∼1.86 deg2 down to a noise of ∼7.1 μJy beam−1. These were identified by combining multiple classification diagnostics: optical, X-ray, infrared, and radio data. Of the 1685 SFGs from the GMRT sample, 496 have spectroscopic redshifts whereas 1189 have photometric redshifts. We find that the IRRC of star-forming galaxies, quantified by the infrared-to-1.4 GHz radio luminosity ratio $\rm {\mathit{ q}_{IR}}$, decreases with increasing redshift: $\rm {\mathit{ q}_{IR}\, =\, 2.86\pm 0.04(1\, +\, \mathit{ z})^{-0.20\pm 0.02}}$ out to z ∼ 1.8. We use the $\rm {\mathit{ V}/\mathit{ V}_{max}}$ statistic to quantify the evolution of the comoving space density of the SFG sample. Averaged over luminosity our results indicate $\rm {\langle \mathit{ V}/\mathit{ V}_{max} \rangle }$ to be $\rm {0.51\, \pm \, 0.06}$, which is consistent with no evolution in overall space density. However, we find $\rm \mathit{ V}/\mathit{ V}_{max}$ to be a function of radio luminosity, indicating strong luminosity evolution with redshift. We explore the evolution of the SFGs radio luminosity function by separating the source into five redshift bins and comparing to theoretical model predictions. We find a strong redshift trend that can be fitted with a pure luminosity evolution of the form $\rm {\mathit{ L}_{610\, MHz}\, \propto \, (\, 1+\, \mathit{ z})^{(2.95\pm 0.19)-(0.50\pm 0.15)z}}$. We calculate the cosmic SFR density since $\rm {\mathit{ z} \sim 1.5}$ by integrating the parametric fits of the evolved 610 MHz luminosity function. Our sample reproduces the expected steep decline in the star formation rate density since $\rm {\mathit{ z}\, \sim \, 1}$.
Non-thermal emission in lobes of radio galaxies – III. 3C 98, Pictor A, DA 240, Cygnus A, 3C 326, and 3C 236
Authors: Persic Massimo , Rephaeli Yoel 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTRecent analyses of the broad spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of extensive lobes of local radio galaxies have confirmed the leptonic origin of their Fermi/Large Area Telescope γ-ray emission, significantly constraining the level of hadronic contribution. SEDs of distant (DL &gt; 125 Mpc) radio-galaxy lobes are currently limited to the radio and X-ray bands, hence give no information on the presence of non-thermal (NT) protons but are adequate to describe the properties of NT electrons. Modelling lobe radio and X-ray emission in 3C 98, Pictor A, DA 240, Cygnus A, 3C 326, and 3C 236, we fully determine the properties of intralobe NT electrons and estimate the level of the related γ-ray emission from Compton scattering of the electrons off the superposed cosmic microwave background, extragalactic background light, and source-specific radiation fields.
The correlations between optical/UV broad lines and X-ray emission for a large sample of quasars
Authors: Timlin John D , Brandt W N , Ni Q , Luo B , Pu Xingting , Schneider D P , Vivek M , Yi W 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present Chandra observations of 2106 radio-quiet quasars in the redshift range 1.7 ≤ z ≤ 2.7 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), through data release 14 (DR14), that do not contain broad absorption lines in their rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) spectra. This sample adds over a decade worth of SDSS and Chandra observations to our previously published sample of 139 quasars from SDSS DR5 that is still used to correlate X-ray and optical/UV emission in typical quasars. We fit the SDSS spectra for 753 of the quasars in our sample that have high-quality (exposure time ≥ 10 ks and off-axis observation angle ≤ 10 arcmin) X-ray observations, and analyse their X-ray-to-optical spectral energy distribution properties (αox and  Δαox) with respect to the measured C iv and Mg ii emission-line rest-frame equivalent width (EW) and the C iv emission-line blueshift. We find significant correlations (at the ≥99.99 per cent level) between  αox and these emission-line parameters, as well as between  Δαox and  $\rm{C \, \small{IV}}$ EW. Slight correlations are found between  Δαox and  $\rm{C \, \small{IV}}$ blueshift, $\rm{Mg \, \small{II}}$ EW, and the  $\rm{C \, \small{IV}}$ EW to $\rm{Mg \, \small{II}}$ EW ratio. The best-fitting trend in each parameter space is used to compare the X-ray weakness (Δαox) and optical/UV emission properties of typical quasars and weak-line quasars (WLQs). The WLQs typically exhibit weaker X-ray emission than predicted by the typical quasar relationships. The best-fitting relationships for our typical quasars are consistent with predictions from the disc–wind quasar model. The behaviour of the WLQs compared to our typical quasars can be explained by an X-ray ‘shielding’ model.