bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Number of Cancer Deaths Avoided Due to Improvements in Cancer Survival since the 1980s in the Australian Population, 1985–2014
Authors: Dasgupta Paramita , Cramb Susanna M. , Kou Kou , Yu Xue Qin , Baade Peter D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
This study quantifies the number of potentially “avoided”cancer deaths due to differences in 10-year relative survival between three time periods, reflecting temporal improvements in cancer diagnostic and/or treatment practices in Australia.

Methods:
National population-based cohort of 2,307,565 Australians ages 15 to 89 years, diagnosed with a primary invasive cancer from 1985 to 2014 with mortality follow-up to December 31, 2015. Excess mortality rates and crude probabilities of cancer deaths were estimated using flexible parametric relative survival models. Crude probabilities were then used to calculate “avoided cancer deaths” (reduced number of cancer deaths within 10 years of diagnosis due to survival changes since 1985–1994) for all cancers and 13 leading cancer types.

Results:
For each cancer type, excess mortality (in the cancer cohort vs. the expected population mortality) was significantly lower for more recently diagnosed persons. For all cancers combined, the number of “avoided cancer deaths” (vs. 1985–1994) was 4,877 (1995–2004) and 11,385 (2005–2014) among males. Prostate (1995–2004: 2,144; 2005–2014: 5,099) and female breast cancer (1,127 and 2,048) had the highest number of such deaths, whereas &lt;400 were avoided for pancreatic or lung cancers across each period.

Conclusions:
Screening and early detection likely contributed to the high number of “avoided cancer deaths” for prostate and female breast cancer, whereas early detection remains difficult for lung and pancreatic cancers, highlighting the need for improved preventive and screening measures.

Impact:
Absolute measures such as “avoided cancer deaths” can provide a more tangible estimate of the improvements in cancer survival than standard net survival measures.
Aves sin nido, de Clorinda Matto de Turner: um romance peruano nos limiares da tradução cultural
Authors: Cunha Roseli Barros 
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo, o objetivo é tratar do romance Aves sin nido (1889) da autora peruana Clorinda Matto de Turner e de sua primeira tradução para a língua portuguesa do Brasil, ainda inédita. Abordo, seguindo a teoria de Genette ([1987] 2009), especificamente, elementos paratextuais presentes no romance. A localização de alguns peritextos na obra, nos quais são traduzidos termos e expressões da cultura quéchua e da região serrana peruana para a língua castelhana, são indícios de que a autora procurava construir um caminho de leitura para seu público. Ainda que se possa questionar a eficácia no romance em questão, tal procedimento representou, sem dúvida, uma etapa importante dentro da história da literatura peruana. Anos mais tarde, a proposta foi repensada e recriada por José María Arguedas ao longo de sua trajetória literária e denominada por Sales (2002) como “tradução cultural”.
China’s Tributary System and National Security in the Song Dynasty
Authors: Huang Chunyan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
China’s ancient tributary system not only served the vanity of the dynasty but had multiple political implications, closely tied to the dynasty’s national security. The Song dynasty’s [960-1279] notion of security followed an overall policy of guarding the dynasty against external threats, surrounding barbarian nations, and maintaining domestic order. The stability and eventual collapse of the tributary system were closely tied to the domestic security of the Song dynasty and to the security of all the countries that participated in the system. The system constituted a dynamic and interactive security community.
The Chinese Tributary System and Traditional International Order in East Asia during the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the Sixteenth to Nineteenth Century
Authors: Chen Shangsheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Throughout the history of East Asia, various polities in modern-day Korea, Japan, and Vietnam accepted investitures bestowed by the Chinese royal court. Many of these states also established their own vassal structures based on this tributary system. In light of this, it would be more accurate to describe the traditional international order of East Asia as a system of investitures and tributes, an “investiture-tribute system.” The significance of this system is the royal court being revered by its tributaries, which acknowledge it as the superior power. Looking at the vassal relationship between the Ming [1368-1644] and Qing [1644-1911] courts and the states of Joseon 朝鮮, Ryukyu 琉球, and Vietnam under various names, it is clear that the tributary system was a basic mechanism that facilitated bilateral trade, cultural exchange, border control, and judicial cooperation. Moreover, when vassal states encountered threats to their national security, the Chinese government assisted them with diplomatic and military resources befitting its position as the imperial court. Yet, although the tributary system enabled a relationship in which the royal court enjoyed a position of superiority and its vassal states an inferior one, none of the vassal states formed an alliance that revolved around the Chinese empire. Hence, in the near-modern period, the system struggled to contend with both the great world powers that made use of the treaty system and the expansion of Japan in East Asia.
Self-Canonization in Zuo Si’s “Poems on History”
Authors: Zhang Yue 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Zuo Si’s 左思 [ca. 250-305] “Poems on History” [yongshi 詠史] have often been regarded as a milestone in the development of the poetic subgenre “poems on history.” Scholars have noted Zuo’s use of historical allusion and description to articulate his personal emotions and ambitions and to criticize the political hierarchy of the Western Jin [265-316]. In addition, they have recognized Zuo’s “Poems on History” as representing an alternative to the ornamental style of poetry popular in his time.
This article addresses the way in which Zuo’s poems contributed to the “poems on history” subgenre, as well as how they reflected the broader context of Six Dynasties [220-589] society. At the same time, it investigates another purpose for his use of historical figures in his poetry: self-canonization. This paper argues that Zuo used historical figures not only to express his emotions but also to skillfully place himself into the larger context and lineage of exemplary historical figures. Zuo is thus telling later generations that they should remember him with the same reverence—he is invoking history as a force of self-canonization. This self-canonization perspective reveals the complexity of Zuo’s appropriation of earlier historical sources. It also deepens our understanding of the purpose of Zuo’s “Poems on History” and of the ways in which history is disseminated through poetry in the Six Dynasties period.
Streamflow Forecasting without Models
Authors: Krajewski Witold F. , Ghimire Ganesh R. , Quintero Felipe 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe authors explore persistence in streamflow forecasting based on the real-time streamflow observations. They use 15-min streamflow observations from the years 2002 to 2018 at 140 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow gauges monitoring the streams and rivers throughout Iowa. The spatial scale of the basins ranges from about 7 to 37 000 km2. Motivated by the need for evaluating the skill of real-time streamflow forecasting systems, the authors perform quantitative skill assessment of persistence schemes across spatial scales and lead times. They show that skill in temporal persistence forecasting has a strong dependence on basin size, and a weaker dependence on geometric properties of the river networks. Building on results from this temporal persistence, they extend the streamflow persistence forecasting to space through flow-connected river networks. The approach simply assumes that streamflow at a station in space will persist to another station which is flow connected; these are referred to as pure spatial persistence forecasts (PSPF). The authors show that skill of PSPF of streamflow is strongly dependent on the monitored versus predicted basin area ratio and lead times, and weakly related to the downstream flow distance between stations. River network topology shows some effect on the hydrograph timing and timing of the peaks, depending on the stream gauge configuration. The study shows that the skill depicted in terms of Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) > 0.5 can be achieved for basin area ratio > 0.6 and lead time up to 3 days. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for assessment and improvements of rainfall–runoff models, data assimilation schemes, and stream gauging network design.
Gone with the Wind
Authors: Alchin David 
Published: July 2020

Objective: If the narrative of “coronavirus” has an underlying theme, it may perhaps for some be one of survival, whilst for others, the theme might be suffering. The recurring motif of survival has continued throughout history, yet for the first time the sum of all fears has amounted to a run on the bare essentials. This paper seeks to offer an alternative formulation of “panic buying,” with references to literature, philosophy, and contemporary neurobiology. Conclusion: The bare essentials disappeared perhaps as part of some self-fulfilling prophecy: the supermarkets became bare because others inadvertently lead us to believe they would become bare. The contagion model of emotional propagation provides a psychological model of how “panic buying” by an individual might lead to the replication of panic in an observer. The Polyvagal Theory further informs us of how the threat posed by the pandemic primes our limbic system to perceive danger, and explains how witnessing others engaging in fight-flight responses might evoke a fearful affect in an observer. In the end, it is perhaps through Nietzsche’s study of classical tragedy that we may find some meaning to the pandemic, allowing our collective lived experience to serve as a template for growth.
Role of lncRNA Morrbid in PTPN11(Shp2)E76K-driven juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Cai Zhigang , Zhang Chi , Kotzin Jonathan J. , Williams Adam , Henao-Mejia Jorge , Kapur Reuben 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mutations in PTPN11, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, contribute to ∼35% of cases of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). A common clinical picture in children with JMML is that it presents as a constitutive hyperinflammatory syndrome, partially reminiscent of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in adults. Thus, a component of JMML is associated with a hyperinflammatory state and abundant innate immune cells such as neutrophils and monocytes. Recently, we showed that the evolutionarily conserved mouse lncRNA Morrbid is specifically expressed in myeloid cells and uniquely represses the expression of the proapoptotic gene Bim to regulate the lifespan of myeloid cells. However, its role in JMML has not been investigated. In this study, we characterized the role of Morrbid and its target Bim, which are significantly dysregulated in Shp2E76K/+-bearing myeloid cells, in driving JMML. Loss of Morrbid in a mouse model of JMML driven by the Shp2E76K/+ mutation resulted in a significant correction of myeloid and erythroid cell abnormalities associated with JMML, including overall survival. Consistently, patients with JMML who had PTPN11, KRAS, and NRAS mutations and high expression of MORRBID manifested poor overall survival. Our results suggest that Morrbid contributes to JMML pathogenesis.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Long noncoding RNA CASC2 inhibits ox-LDL-mediated vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration via the regulation of miR-532-3p/PAPD5
Authors: Wang Chenjing , Zhao Jin , Nan Xiaodong , Guo Zhong , Huang Shuangsheng , Wang Xiaokun , Sun Feng , Ma Shijie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Studies have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have essential impacts on the development of atherosclerosis (AS). This study aimed to identify the role and functional mechanism of lncRNA CASC2 in the development and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

Method
The serum of 40 pairs of AS patients and healthy volunteers were collected and the expression of CASC2 was evaluated. qRT-PCR and western blotting were carried out to examine the expression levels of at mRNA and protein level, repectively. Cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, transwell migration assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and wound healing assay were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, transcription, targeting, and self-restoration.

Results
The expression levels of CASC2 were decreased, while the expression levels of miR-532-3p were elevated in AS patient samples and VSMCs. Overexpression of CASC2 inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and enhanced cell apoptosis. CASC2 inhibited the expression of miR-532-3p, and inversely upregulated the expression of PAPD5, which was a target of miR-532-3p. In addition, knockdown of miR-532-3p-mimic and PAPD5 could attenuate the impact of overexpression of CASC2 on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in ox-LDL-VSMCs.

Conclusion
CASC2 suppressed cell reproduction and promoted cell apoptosis by regulating the miR-532-3p/PAPD5 axis in ox-LDL-mediated VSMCs. This might be important for AS therapeutics.
General practitioners’ perceptions of their practice of evidence-based chronic disease prevention interventions: a quantitative study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Fan Feng , Wang Zhaoxin , Yu Dehua , Chen Chen , Shen Delei , Yu Zhaohu , Liu Xin , Zhou Huining , Shi Jianwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpidemic chronic diseases pose significant challenges to the improvement of healthcare in China and worldwide. Despite increasing international calls for the inclusion of evidence-based decision-making (EBDM) processes in chronic disease prevention and control programming as well as policymaking, there is relatively little research that assesses the current capacity of physicians and the factors that influence that capacity in China.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted in community health centres (CHCs) in Shanghai, China, using multistage cluster sampling. An evidence-based chronic disease prevention (EBCDP) evaluation tool was employed to assess physician EBCDP awareness, adoption, implementation and maintenance based on the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework and using a 7-point Likert scale. Linear regression analysis was used to assess associations between each EBCDP aspect and overall EBCDP status with participant characteristics or organizational factors.ResultA total of 892 physicians from CHCs in Shanghai, China, were assessed. The physicians perceived their awareness (mean = 4.90, SD = 1.02) and maintenance (mean = 4.71, SD = 1.07) of EBCDP to be relatively low. Physicians with relatively lower job titles and monthly incomes (> 9000 RMB) tended to have relatively higher scores for the awareness, adoption, and implementation of EBCDP (P < 0.05). Those who had participated in one program for chronic disease prevention and control were less likely to adopt (b = − 0.284,P = 0.007), implement (b = − 0.292,P = 0.004), and maintain (b = − 0.225,P = 0.025) EBCDP than those who had participated in more programs. Physicians in general practice (Western medicine) had a lower level of awareness of EBCDP than those in other departments (P < 0.0001). Physician from CHCs located in suburban areas had lower scores for awareness (b = − 0.150,P = 0.047), implementation (b = − 0.171,P = 0.029), and maintenance (b = − 0.237,P = 0.002) that those from urban CHCs. Physicians in CHCs affiliated with universities had higher scores on all four EBCDP aspects that those in CHCs not affiliated with a university.ConclusionsThis study provides quantitative evidence illustrating EBCDP practices among physicians in CHCs with various personal and organizational characteristics, respectively. More methods should be provided to increase the awareness of such physicians regarding EBCDP to stimulate the use of EBCDP for their patients and in connection with other public health priorities.
Candidate methylation sites associated with endocrine therapy resistance in ER+/HER2- breast cancer
Authors: Soleimani Dodaran Maryam , Borgoni Simone , Sofyalı Emre , Verschure Pernette J. , Wiemann Stefan , Moerland Perry D. , van Kampen Antoine H. C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer is often effectively treated with drugs that inhibit ER signaling, i.e., tamoxifen (TAM) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). However, 30% of ER+ breast cancer patients develop resistance to therapy leading to tumour recurrence. Changes in the methylation profile have been implicated as one of the mechanisms through which therapy resistance develops. Therefore, we aimed to identify methylation loci associated with endocrine therapy resistance.

Methods
We used genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of primary ER+/HER2- tumours from The Cancer Genome Atlas in combination with curated data on survival and treatment to predict development of endocrine resistance. Association of individual DNA methylation markers with survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models in a cohort of ER+/HER2- tumours (N = 552) and two sub-cohorts corresponding to the endocrine treatment (AI or TAM) that patients received (N = 210 and N = 172, respectively). We also identified multivariable methylation signatures associated with survival using Cox proportional hazards models with elastic net regularization. Individual markers and multivariable signatures were compared with DNA methylation profiles generated in a time course experiment using the T47D ER+ breast cancer cell line treated with tamoxifen or deprived from estrogen.

Results
We identified 134, 5 and 1 CpGs for which DNA methylation is significantly associated with survival in the ER+/HER2-, TAM and AI cohorts respectively. Multi-locus signatures consisted of 203, 36 and 178 CpGs and showed a large overlap with the corresponding single-locus signatures. The methylation signatures were associated with survival independently of tumour stage, age, AI treatment, and luminal status. The single-locus signature for the TAM cohort was conserved among the loci that were differentially methylated in endocrine-resistant T47D cells. Similarly, multi-locus signatures for the ER+/HER2- and AI cohorts were conserved in endocrine-resistant T47D cells. Also at the gene set level, several sets related to endocrine therapy and resistance were enriched in both survival and T47D signatures.

Conclusions
We identified individual and multivariable DNA methylation markers associated with therapy resistance independently of luminal status. Our results suggest that these markers identified from primary tumours prior to endocrine treatment are associated with development of endocrine resistance.
MiR-221/SIRT1/Nrf2 signal axis regulates high glucose induced apoptosis in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: Chen Bin , Wu Li , Cao Ting , Zheng Hong-Mei , He Tao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious symptom associated with diabetes and could cause much suffer to patients. MiR-221, SIRT1 and Nrf2 were associated with apoptosis and proliferation and their expression were altered in DR patients. However, their roles and regulatory mechanisms in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMEC) were not clear.MethodsExpression of mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR. Protein expression was detected by Western blot. Interaction between miR-221 and SIRT1 was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. We analyzed the viability and apoptosis of hRMEC by MTT assay and FACS assay, respectively.ResultsHigh glucose (HG) treatment enhanced expression of miR-221 and inhibited expression of SIRT1 and Nrf2. MiR-221 overexpression promoted apoptosis under HG condition. Moreover, miR-221 directly interacted with mRNA of SIRT1 and inhibited SIRT1 expression in hRMEC, through which miR-221 inhibited Nrf2 pathway and induced apoptosis of hRMEC.ConclusionOur data demonstrated that miR-221/SIRT1/Nrf2 signal axis could promote apoptosis in hRMEC under HG conditions. This finding could provide theoretical support for future studies and may contribute to development of new treatment options to retard the process of DR development.
Reference chart for knee flexion following total knee arthroplasty: a novel tool for monitoring postoperative recovery
Authors: Kittelson Andrew J. , Elings Jordi , Colborn Kathryn , Hoogeboom Thomas J. , Christensen Jesse C. , van Meeteren Nico L. U. , van Buuren Stef , Stevens-lapsley Jennifer E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Clinicians and patients lack an evidence-based framework by which to judge individual-level recovery following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery, thus impeding personalized treatment approaches for this elective surgery. Our study aimed to develop and validate a reference chart for monitoring recovery of knee flexion following TKA surgery.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of data collected in routine rehabilitation practice for patients following TKA surgery. Reference charts were constructed using Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape. Various models were compared using the Schwarz Bayesian Criterion, Mean Squared Error in 5-fold cross validation, and centile coverage (i.e. the percent of observed data represented below specified centiles). The performance of the reference chart was then validated against a test set of patients with later surgical dates, by examining the centile coverage and average bias (i.e. difference between observed and predicted values) in the test dataset.

Results
A total of 1173 observations from 327 patients were used to develop a reference chart for knee flexion over the first 120 days following TKA. The best fitting model utilized a non-linear time trend, with smoothing splines for median and variance parameters. Additionally, optimization of the number of knots in smoothing splines and power transformation of time improved model fit. The reference chart performed adequately in a test set of 171 patients (377 observations), with accurate centile coverage and minimal average bias (< 3 degrees).

Conclusion
A reference chart developed with clinically collected data offers a new approach to monitoring knee flexion following TKA.