bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of 22 residual steroid hormones in milk by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: He Shenghua , Wang Rongchun , Wei Wei , Liu Haiyan , Ma Ying 
Published: December 2019

Food safety and consumers’ health are paramount; therefore, it is essential to establish a novel method to determine hormone content in milk. Herein, a novel method was developed that can simultaneously determine 22 residual steroid hormones in milk. To obtain the maximum detection sensitivity, the preparation method of sample, mass spectrometer parameters and liquid chromatography conditions were optimised. The samples were concentrated using Oasis HLB solid‐phase extraction cartridge, followed by quantification via liquid chromatography (C18 column)–tandem mass spectrometer (LC‐MS). Determination of oestrogens and glucocorticoids was conducted in negative mode, whereas androgens and progesterone were in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the target compounds were 0.10–1.20 μg/kg and 0.33–3.96 μg/kg, respectively. The average extraction recoveries of 22 steroid hormones were generally high (82.6–95.3%). The proposed method can be an effective alternative to measure hormonal compounds in milk.
Does public reporting of the detection of fetal growth restriction improve clinical outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Selvaratnam RJ , Davey M‐A , Anil S , McDonald SJ , Farrell T , Wallace EM 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of publicly reporting a statewide fetal growth restriction (FGR) performance indicator.DesignRetrospective cohort study from 2000 to 2017.SettingAll maternity services in Victoria, Australia.PopulationA total of 1 231 415 singleton births at ≥32 weeks of gestation.MethodsWe performed an interrupted time‐series analysis to assess the impact of publicly reporting an FGR performance indicator on the rate of detection for severe cases of small for gestational age (SGA). Rates of perinatal mortality and morbidity and obstetric intervention were assessed for severe SGA pregnancies and pregnancies delivered for suspected SGA.Main outcome measuresGestation at delivery, obstetric management and perinatal outcome.ResultsThe public reporting of a statewide FGR performance indicator was associated with a steeper reduction per quarter in the percentage of severe SGA undelivered by 40 weeks of gestation, from 0.13 to 0.51% (P = 0.001), and a decrease in the stillbirth rate by 3.3 per 1000 births among those babies (P = 0.01). Of babies delivered for suspected SGA, the percentage with birthweights ≥ 10th centile increased from 41.4% (n = 307) in 2000 to 53.3% (n = 1597) in 2017 (P < 0.001). Admissions to a neonatal intensive care unit for babies delivered for suspected SGA but with a birthweight ≥ 10th centile increased from 0.8 to 2.0% (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe public reporting of an FGR performance indicator has been associated with the improved detection of severe SGA and a decrease in the rate of stillbirth among those babies, but with an increase in the rate of iatrogenic birth for babies with normal growth.Tweetable abstractThe public reporting of hospital performance is associated with a reduction in stillbirth, but also with unintended interventions.
The influence of the CEO's value perception towards auditing on audit demand in private firms
Authors: Corten Maarten , Steijvers Tensie , Lybaert Nadine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAudit demand is generally considered to be a direct reflection of the level of agency conflicts. This study examines the CEO's value perception towards auditing as additional driver for both auditor reputation demand (appointing a Big 4 auditor or not) and audit effort demand in private firms. Examining the CEO's value perception in a multidimensional way, the regression results indicate that the CEO's functional value perception towards auditing positively affects the demand for audit effort, while the CEO's social value perception towards auditing negatively affects the demand for audit effort but positively affects the demand for auditor reputation.
The role of institutional quality on the performance in the export of coconut products
Authors: Lin Jessie , Flachsbarth Insa , von Cramon‐Taubadel Stephan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe literature that addresses the role of institutions in bilateral trade is extensive. However, research that links institutional quality to specific products and their different levels of value addition is lacking. In this study, we look into institutional quality, based on three indicators from the World Bank's world governance indicators, and its indicator‐specific effects on bilateral coconut trade. In particular, we study coconut products with varying degrees of value addition. We use structural gravity models to measure how institutions affect the trade performance of the top 26 coconut producing countries to the top 15 importing economies over the years 1996–2016. Our results suggest that increased government effectiveness enhances trade of high‐value products, whereas better voice and accountability scores decrease trade of coconut products with both levels of value addition. No clear trade effect is observed when two countries are more similar in each of the three indicators. We conclude that each indicator has different trade effects on each of the coconut product categories. We end by giving recommendations that will help to improve the coconut export performance in their respective countries and for future research.
When compared to plasma‐based detection, osimertinib‐treated non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with tissue rebiopsy‐confirmed acquired T790M mutation is associated with better survival
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Ho James Chung Man , Lam David Chi Leung , Lui Macy Mei Sze , Ip Mary Sau Man , Tam Terence Chi Chun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOsimertinib has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States (US) for the treatment of progressive non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has acquired T790M mutation during treatment with first‐line epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKI). We compared the progression‐free survival (PFS) of patients whose T790M mutation was identified by tissue rebiopsy with those by plasma‐based biopsy.MethodsThis is a retrospective single‐center cohort study conducted in Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong S.A.R. that included 118 Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC who had disease progression after treatment with a first‐line EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and received osimertinib upon detection of T790M mutation, either by tissue rebiopsy or plasma‐based biopsy (by identification of circulating tumor DNA in the peripheral circulation). The primary endpoint is PFS.ResultsPatients with T790M mutation detected by tissue rebiopsy (n = 22) had significantly better PFS than those by plasma‐based biopsy (n = 96) (median PFS: 415 vs 224 days, P = .018) Hazard ratio for PFS, in favor of the tissue rebiopsy group, was 0.496 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.277‐0.889).ConclusionsFor patients who have NSCLC that progressed after first‐line EGFR‐TKI, rebiopsy by peripheral blood liquid biopsy and tissue rebiopsy for T790M mutation may have prognostic implication in terms of differences in PFS.
Mutation status and burden can improve prognostic prediction of patients with lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Jiang Lingxu , Luo Yingwan , Zhu Shuanghong , Wang Lu , Ma Liya , Zhang Hua , Shen Chuying , Yang Wenli , Ren Yanling , Zhou Xinping , Mei Chen , Ye Li , Xu Weilai , Yang Haiyang , Lu Chenxi , Jin Jie , Tong Hongyan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPatients with lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (LR‐MDS) as defined by the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) have more favorable prognosis in general, but significant inter‐individual heterogeneity exists. In this study, we examined the molecular profile of 15 MDS‐relevant genes in 159 patients with LR‐MDS using next‐generation sequencing. In univariate COX regression, shorter overall survival (OS) was associated with mutation status of ASXL1 (P = .001), RUNX1 (P = .031), EZH2 (P = .049), TP53 (P = .016), SRSF2 (P = .046), JAK2 (P = .040), and IDH2 (P = .035). We also found significantly shorter OS in patients with an adjusted TET2 variant allele frequency (VAF) ≥18% versus those with either an adjusted TET2 VAF <18% or without TET2 mutations (median: 20.4 vs 47.8 months; P = .020; HR = 2.183, 95%CI: 1.129‐4.224). After adjustment for IPSS, shorter OS was associated with mutation status of ASXL1 (P < .001; HR = 4.306, 95% CI: 2.144‐8.650), TP53 (P = .004; HR = 4.863, 95% CI: 1.662‐14.230) and JAK2 (P = .002; HR = 5.466, 95%CI: 1.848‐16.169), as well as adjusted TET2 VAF ≥18% (P = .008; HR = 2.492, 95% CI: 1.273‐4.876). Also, OS was increasingly shorter as the number of mutational factors increased (P < .001). A novel prognostic scoring system incorporating the presence/absence of the four independent mutational factors into the IPSS further stratified LR‐MDS patients into three prognostically different groups (P < .001). The newly developed scoring system redefined 10.1% (16/159) of patients as a higher‐risk group, who could not be predicted by the currently prognostic models. In conclusion, integration of the IPSS with mutation status/burden of certain MDS‐relevant genes may improve the prognostication of patients with LR‐MDS and could help identify those with worse‐than‐expected prognosis for more aggressive treatment.
Biodiversity means business: Reframing global biodiversity goals for the private sector
Authors: Smith Thomas , Beagley Lucy , Bull Joseph , Milner‐Gulland E. J. , Smith Matt , Vorhies Francis , Addison Prue F. E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Convention on Biological Diversity strategic goals direct the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity from global to local scales. Yet business’ role in meeting the strategic goals and being accountable for their impacts and dependencies on biodiversity are still not fully and coherently outlined. We demonstrate how business actions can contribute to the strategic goals using 10 publicly available case studies, covering businesses of various sizes, from multiple sectors, operating in different contexts. The case studies show some businesses already contribute to meeting biodiversity goals, often without realizing. We consider the drivers of business engagement with biodiversity; problems in interpreting the scale of impacts through corporate reporting; the implications for changing the way businesses engage with biodiversity goals; and how businesses could contribute more under the post‐2020 framework for biodiversity. We call for increased business accountability for nature and that all in conservation—policymakers, practitioners, researchers, communities—do more to connect businesses with the strategic goals. Clearer business roles and responsibilities within international targets form a critical step toward the fundamental systems‐level change required to reverse biodiversity loss.
From dusk till dawn: camera traps reveal the diel patterns of flower feeding by hawkmoths
Authors: Johnson Steven D. , Balducci Marco G. , Bijl Alison , Castañeda‐Zárate Miguel , Cozien Ruth J. , Ortmann Carmen R. , van der Niet Timotheüs 
Published: December 2019

1. Diel rhythms of foraging activity by animal flower visitors can reflect niche partitioning and are considered an important component of selection on floral traits. However, it has been notoriously difficult to obtain objective information on the patterns of flower visitation by crepuscular and nocturnal insects.2. Motion‐activated cameras were used for field‐based studies of hawkmoth foraging behaviour on six African plant species.3. The results showed that short‐tongued hawkmoth species forage mainly around dusk and then sporadically throughout the night, whereas long‐tongued hawkmoth species feed consistently throughout the night, with a peak shortly before midnight.4. These results provide the first quantitative estimates of diel patterns of interactions between multiple hawkmoth and plant species and, when combined with qualitative reports from other studies, suggest that differences in diel activity between the two main hawkmoth functional groups (short‐ and long‐tongued) are consistent across the Old and New Worlds.
Pathogenicity of Thekopsora areolata from seed orchards in Finland on Prunus spp. and Picea abies
Authors: Kaitera Juha , Kauppila Tuomas , Hantula Jarkko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPathogenicity of cherry‐spruce rust, Thekopsora areolata, was investigated by inoculations with aeciospores from seven Norway spruce, Picea abies, seed orchards that had suffered from successive severe rust epidemics in the 2000s in Finland. Detached leaves of Prunus spp. were inoculated in the laboratory using aeciospores from cones of various ages. In the greenhouse, live Prunus padus plants were inoculated, and possible autoecism of the rust was tested by inoculations of Picea abies seedlings. Thirty‐five spore sources from the seed orchards formed uredinia on Prunus spp. in the laboratory 2 weeks after incubation, but no telia developed. In the greenhouse, uredinia developed on live P. padus, but no rust symptoms, cankers or sporulation were detected on Picea abies. Thus, no evidence of autoecism was observed among the T. areolata populations and therefore all populations, suggesting all those tested from the Finnish seed orchards were heteroecious.
Activity in orbitofrontal neuronal ensembles reflects inhibitory control
Authors: Balasubramani Pragathi Priyadharsini , Pesce Meghan C. , Hayden Benjamin Y. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStopping, or inhibition, is a form of self‐control that is a core element of flexible and adaptive behavior. Its neural origins remain unclear. Some views hold that inhibition decisions reflect the aggregation of widespread and diverse pieces of information, including information arising in ostensible core reward regions (i.e., outside the canonical executive system). We recorded activity of single neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of macaques, a region associated with economic decisions, and whose role in inhibition is debated. Subjects performed a classic inhibition task known as the stop signal task. Ensemble decoding analyses reveal a clear firing rate pattern that distinguishes successful from failed inhibition and that begins after the stop signal and before the stop signal reaction time (SSRT). We also found a different and orthogonal ensemble pattern that distinguishes successful from failed stopping before the beginning of the trial. These signals were distinct from, and orthogonal to, value encoding, which was also observed in these neurons. The timing of the early and late signals was, respectively, consistent with the idea that neuronal activity in OFC encodes inhibition both proactively and reactively.
Effects of a propriety oiled mixed hay feeding system on lung function, neutrophilic airway inflammation and oxidative stress in severe asthmatic horses
Authors: Jochmans‐Lemoine Alexandra , Picotte Khristine , Beauchamp Guy , Vargas Amandine , Lavoie Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHay feeding is considered the main triggering factor for airway obstruction and inflammation in severe equine asthma (SEA). Finding alternate strategies allowing hay feeding while controlling clinical signs of SEA is of importance. The Nutri‐Foin Système is believed to decrease inhaled dust by incorporating soybean oil to mechanically processed hay.ObjectivesWe compared airflow obstruction and airway inflammation in horses with SEA fed oiled hay or alfalfa pellet regimen.Study designControlled trial in asthmatic research horses.MethodsTwelve horses in exacerbation of SEA from a research herd were studied. Horses were fed either oiled treated hay (n = 6) or alfalfa pelleted hay (n = 6) for 3 months while being stabled. Lung function, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology and serum antioxidant enzyme kinetics were sequentially evaluated.ResultsPelleted hay and the hay treated with the Nutri‐Foin Système similarly improved lung function, airway neutrophilia and serum antioxidant enzyme kinetics over time.Main limitationsThe small number of horses in each group.ConclusionsWe conclude from this study that Nutri‐Foin Système is an appropriate alternative to pelleted hay for the control of the airway obstruction in horses with SEA.
Pharmacological evaluation underlying the antinociceptive activity of two new hybrids NSAIDs tetrahydropyran derivatives
Authors: Oliveira Poliana de Araujo , Capim Saulo Luis , Gonçalves Gabriela Mastrangelo , Laureano‐Melo Roberto , Côrtes Wellington da Silva , Vasconcellos Mário Luiz Araujo de Almeida , Marinho Bruno Guimarães 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe development of analgesic drugs is still a necessity due to the inefficiency of the current treatments for some pathological conditions and also due to the adverse effects produced by these drugs. The aim of this study was to deepen the pharmacological study of two new hybrids NSAIDs tetrahydropyran derivatives, regarding their antinociceptive effects on acute pain in mice. Male swiss mice were evaluated in the acetic acid‐induced abdominal writhing, formalin, tail‐flick, open‐field, glutamate‐ and capsaicin‐induced paw licking tests, and in vitro Cox inhibition assay, besides the acute toxicological evaluation. The compounds had an effect on the acetic acid‐induced abdominal writhing, formalin (both phases), and tail‐flick tests. In the study of the mechanism of action was observed reversion of the antinociceptive effect of the compounds from the previous administration of naloxone, L‐NAME (L‐nitro‐arginine methyl ester), ODQ (1H‐[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalin‐1‐one), glibenclamide, and nor‐binaltorphimine, by the intrathecal and intraperitoneal routes. The prior administration of MK‐801 suggests that the modulation of NMDA receptor contributes to the antinociceptive effect of compounds. In summary, hybrid compounds presented central antinociceptive effect, demonstrating participation of the NO‐cGMP‐K+ ATP pathway, κ‐opioid, and NMDA receptors. In addition, the compounds showed inhibition of cyclo‐oxygenase enzymes and adverse effects were not observed with dose 300 times greater than the dose used experimentally.
Climate change undermines the global functioning of marine food webs
Authors: du Pontavice Hubert , Gascuel Didier , Reygondeau Gabriel , Maureaud Aurore , Cheung William W. L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSea water temperature affects all biological and ecological processes that ultimately impact ecosystem functioning. In this study, we examine the influence of temperature on global biomass transfers from marine secondary production to fish stocks. By combining fisheries catches in all coastal ocean areas and life‐history traits of exploited marine species, we provide global estimates of two trophic transfer parameters which determine biomass flows in coastal marine food web: the trophic transfer efficiency (TTE) and the biomass residence time (BRT) in the food web. We find that biomass transfers in tropical ecosystems are less efficient and faster than in areas with cooler waters. In contrast, biomass transfers through the food web became faster and more efficient between 1950 and 2010. Using simulated changes in sea water temperature from three Earth system models, we project that the mean TTE in coastal waters would decrease from 7.7% to 7.2% between 2010 and 2100 under the ‘no effective mitigation’ representative concentration pathway (RCP8.5), while BRT between trophic levels 2 and 4 is projected to decrease from 2.7 to 2.3 years on average. Beyond the global trends, we show that the TTEs and BRTs may vary substantially among ecosystem types and that the polar ecosystems may be the most impacted ecosystems. The detected and projected changes in mean TTE and BRT will undermine food web functioning. Our study provides quantitative understanding of temperature effects on trophodynamic of marine ecosystems under climate change.
Intestinal parasites in hemodialysis patients from developing countries: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Taghipour Ali , Olfatifar Meysam , Rostami Ali , Foroutan Masoud , Vasigala VeneelaKrishnaRekha , Norouzi Mojtaba 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntestinal parasitic infection (IPI) is the main cause of gastrointestinal complications in hemodialysis patients due to their impaired immune systems. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the prevalence and odds ratio (OR) of IPIs in this population. Relevant eligible studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google scholar databases up to January 30, 2019. A random‐effects meta‐analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence, OR, and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Twenty‐two studies, from Turkey, Iran, Brazil, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Malaysia met eligibility criteria for analysis, and included 11 using a case–control design (980 patients and 893 controls) and 11 studies using a cross‐sectional design (a total of 1455 participants). Cross‐sectional studies suggested that the pooled prevalence of IPIs in hemodialysis patients was 24% (95% CI, 14–36%; 307/1455). In studies using a case–control design, the pooled prevalence of IPIs in hemodialysis patients (30%, 330/980) was found to be significantly higher than controls (10%, 115/893) (OR, 3.40; 95%CI, 2.37–4.87). With respect to the parasites, Cryptosporidium spp. (OR, 4.49; 95%CI, 2.64–7.64) and Blastocystis sp. (OR, 4.03; 95%CI, 1.20–13.51) were significantly higher in hemodialysis patients compared to the controls. The current study revealed a high prevalence of IPIs in hemodialysis patients from countries in which the baseline prevalence of parasitic infection is high. We recommend that periodic screenings for IPIs in such countries should be incorporated into the routine clinical care of hemodialysis patients.
Significance of TC9 and TH9 in Helicobacter pylori‐induced gastritis
Authors: Shamsdin Seyedeh Azra , Alborzi Abdolvahab , Ghaderi Abbas , Lankrani Kamran B. , Pouladfar Gholam reza 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundH pylori plays a critical role in the development of stomach cancer, especially in people affected by the bacteria at an early stage of life. Th9 cells and IL‐9 play major roles in immune responses against various infections. IL‐9 is influential in chronic or acute inflammation of the mucosa.AimThis study seeks to investigate the possible functions of Tc9, Th9 cells, and IL‐9 level in patients with inflammation due to H pylori infection.MethodsEighty‐three patients with dyspepsia symptoms and twenty normal subjects with no sign and symptoms of dyspepsia were recruited. Frequencies of T‐cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines IL‐9 family in the sera and supernatants of antigen‐activated PBMCs patients were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry.ResultsThe participants included 56 females and 47 males with a mean age of 39.2 ± 15.3 years. We assigned the infected group into peptic ulcer and gastritis (chronic active and chronic). Frequencies of Tc9, Th17, Tc17, Th17/9, and Tc17/9 increased significantly in the peptic ulcer, chronic active, and chronic gastritis, compared with the uninfected and healthy control groups. A significant increase was seen in IL‐9, IL‐4, and IL‐23 in the chronic active gastritis. Further observed was a significant increase in IL‐21 and a decrease in IL‐10 in the infected groups.ConclusionThe results revealed that increased Tc9, Th17/9, and Tc17/9 cells appear to be influential in the progression and severity of H pylori infection. Also, increased IL‐9 and IL‐4 levels and Tc9, Tc17/9, and Th17/9 were seen in chronic active gastritis patients. These findings may provide useful information for a therapeutic targeting of chronic active H pylori infections.