bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Modulators (SPPARMα) in the Metabolic Syndrome: Is Pemafibrate Light at the End of the Tunnel?
Authors: Fruchart Jean-Charles , Hermans Michel P. , Fruchart-Najib Jamila , Kodama Tatsuhiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Adoption of poor lifestyles (inactivity and energy-dense diets) has driven the worldwide increase in the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Of the defining features of the metabolic syndrome, an atherogenic dyslipidaemia characterised by elevated triglycerides (TG) and low plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a major driver of risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Beyond lifestyle intervention and statins, targeting the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a therapeutic option. However, current PPARα agonists (fibrates) have limitations, including safety issues and the lack of definitive evidence for cardiovascular benefit. Modulating the ligand structure to enhance binding at the PPARα receptor, with the aim of maximising beneficial effects and minimising adverse effects, underlies the SPPARMα concept.

Recent Findings
This review discusses the history of SPPARM development, latterly focusing on evidence for the first licensed SPPARMα, pemafibrate. Evidence from animal models of hypertriglyceridaemia or NASH, as well as clinical trials in patients with atherogenic dyslipidaemia, are overviewed.

Summary
The available data set the scene for therapeutic application of SPPARMα in the metabolic syndrome, and possibly, NASH. The outstanding question, which has so far eluded fibrates in the setting of current evidence-based therapy including statins, is whether treatment with pemafibrate significantly reduces cardiovascular events in patients with atherogenic dyslipidaemia. The PROMINENT study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and this dyslipidaemia is critical to evaluating this.
Clinical benefit of treatment after trastuzumab emtansine for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: a real-world multi-centre cohort study in Japan (WJOG12519B)
Authors: Yokoe Takamichi , Kurozumi Sasagu , Nozawa Kazuki , Ozaki Yukinori , Maeda Tetsuyo , Yazaki Shu , Onishi Mai , Fujimoto Akihiro , Nakayama Sayuka , Tsuboguchi Yuko , Iwasa Tsutomu , Sakai Hitomi , Ogata Misato , Terada Mitsuo , Nishimura Meiko , Onoe Takuma , Masuda Jun , Kurikawa Michiko , Isaka Hirotsugu , Hagio Kanako , Shimomura Akihiko , Okumura Yuta , Futamura Manabu , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Takano Toshimi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer after taxane with trastuzumab and pertuzumab is standard therapy. However, treatment strategies beyond T-DM1 are still in development with insufficient evidence of their effectiveness. Here, we aimed to evaluate real-world treatment choice and efficacy of treatments after T-DM1 for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Methods
In this multi-centre retrospective cohort study involving 17 hospitals, 325 female HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients whose post-T-DM1 treatment began between April 15, 2014 and December 31, 2018 were enrolled. The primary end point was the objective response rate (ORR) of post-T-DM1 treatments. Secondary end points included disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), time to treatment failure (TTF), and overall survival (OS).

Results
The median number of prior treatments of post-T-DM1 treatment was four. The types of post-T-DM1 treatments included (1) chemotherapy in combination with trastuzumab and pertuzumab (n = 102; 31.4%), (2) chemotherapy concomitant with trastuzumab (n = 78; 24.0%), (3), lapatinib with capecitabine (n = 63; 19.4%), and (4) others (n = 82; 25.2%). ORR was 22.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 18.1–28.0], DCR = 66.6% (95% CI 60.8–72.0), median PFS = 6.1 months (95% CI 5.3–6.7), median TTF = 5.1 months (95% CI 4.4–5.6), and median OS = 23.7 months (95% CI 20.7–27.4).

Conclusion
The benefits of treatments after T-DM1 are limited. Further investigation of new treatment strategies beyond T-DM1 is awaited for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients.
Assessment of Plasmodium antigens and CRP in dried blood spots with multiplex malaria array
Authors: Jang Ihn Kyung , Aranda Sara , Barney Rebecca , Rashid Andrew , Helwany Muhammad , Rek John C. , Arinaitwe Emmanuel , Adrama Harriet , Murphy Maxwell , Imwong Mallika , Proux Stephane , Haohankhunnatham Warat , Ding Xavier C. , Nosten François , Greenhouse Bryan , Gamboa Dionicia , Domingo Gonzalo J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDried blood spots (DBS) typically prepared on filter papers are an ideal sample type for malaria surveillance by offering easy and cost-effective methods in terms of sample collection, storage, and transport. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of DBS with a commercial multiplex malaria assay, developed to concurrently measure Plasmodium antigens, histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2), Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), and a host inflammatory biomarker, C-reactive protein (CRP), in whole blood. The assay conditions were optimized for DBS, and thermal stability for measurement of Plasmodium antigens and CRP in dried blood were determined. Performance of the multiplex assay on matched DBS and whole blood pellet samples was also evaluated using the clinical samples. The results indicate the acceptable performance in multiplex antigen detection using DBS samples. At cutoff levels for DBS, with a diagnostic specificity with a lower 95% confidence bound > 92%, diagnostic sensitivities against polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–confirmed malaria for HRP2, Pf LDH, Pv LDH, and Pan LDH were 93.5%, 80.4%, 21.3%, and 55.6%, respectively. The half-life of pLDH was significantly less than that of HRP2 in thermal stability studies. Results with DBS samples collected from Peru indicate that the uncontrolled storage conditions of DBS can result in inaccurate reporting for infection with P. falciparum parasites with hrp2/3 deletions. With careful consideration that minimizing the unfavorable DBS storage environment is essential for ensuring integrity of heat-labile Plasmodium antigens, DBS samples can be used as an alternative to liquid whole blood to detect P. falciparum with hrp2/3 deletions in malaria surveillance.
Catalytic ozonation for removal of antibiotic oxy-tetracycline using zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Mohsin Maha K. , Mohammed Ahmed A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe traditional wastewater treatment plants are mostly not designed to deal with polar micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals. Therefore, antibiotics must be completely removed before their emission to ecosystems. Catalytic ozonation is used to increase the efficiency of sole ozonation further. In the present study, semi-batch experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiency of sole ozonation and catalytic ozonation in the degradation of oxy-tetracycline (OTC) as an environmental hazards contaminant in an aqueous solutions. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) were used as a catalytic agent with ozone (ZnO/$${\mathrm{O}}_{3})$$

O
3

)

. The influence of operational parameters such as pH (3–11), initial oxy-tetracycline concentration (10–100) mg/l, temperature (15–35)°C, ozone generation rate (0.138–1.38)mg/s and catalyst dosage (25–200) mg/l on the ZnO/$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$$

O
3

process was investigated. Ozone dosage was found to have the noticeable effect on the degradation process; however, the ZnO dosage was found to be less effective. The optimum condition was 1.38 mg/s at pH = 7, and after 35 min, a 94% of OTC removal was achieved. The results demonstrated that catalytic ozonation was a very effective method for degradation and mineralization of OTC in aqueous solution.
Preparation and characterization of powdered and granular activated carbon from Palmae biomass for mercury removal
Authors: Egirani Davidson , Latif Mohd T. , Wessey Napoleon , Poyi Nanfe . R. , Shehata Nabila 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTwo forms of activated carbon (i.e., granular and powdered forms) used to test mercury removal in solution. These activated carbons were obtained from the shells of a palmae biomass and used in mercury ion removal in aquatic systems. The African palmae shell taken out from a broadly and simply full-fledged palm tree. This biomass serves as a precursor in the formulation of activated carbons not documented. The powdered and granular fractions of activated carbons described for chemical composition, isoelectric point, and surface area. The mechanism of reactions and the kinetics involved were studied using the results of protonation and rate limitations. The parameters used in the batch mode study included pH, contact time, initial concentration of the adsorbate and the dose of the activated carbons. A comparison of performances, contact time demonstrated the highest adsorption efficiency of 93% for the powdered activated carbon and 92% for the granular activated carbon. The dosage recorded the lowest adsorption efficiency of 84% using granular activated carbon. Comparatively, this study brought to the fore that activated carbon derived from the Plamae biomass remains a novel bio-sorbent
Integrating risk management concepts into the drilling non-productive time
Authors: Barakat Mohamed , Abu El Ela Mahmoud , Khalaf Fouad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroducing the non-productive time (NPT) concepts in the 1960s was a necessity dictated by the ever-increasing cost and complexity of the oil and gas well drilling. The NPT definition stayed unsettled until two decades later, the definition converged toward its accepted current definition of “the time when planned or out-of-plans drilling-related activities do not add value to the operation objectives.” NPT as it is defined in drilling nowadays is a form of time waste or loss which adversely impacts the overall efficiency of the drilling operation. Since the 1980s, risk management (RM) has become a sound technique to evaluate operational losses or wastes of many resources, including time. This paper presents an attempt to couple RM techniques with NPT philosophy together with other concepts such as Systems Thinking, Synergy, Continuous Improvement, and Total Quality. These concepts and derived techniques suit well controlling the intolerable waste that shows up in the form of delay in operations and materializes into most of the undesirable costs of drilling. These concepts, adopted herein, were applied on data from 60 rigs which were used to drill 250 wells for a period of 1 year of operation. In all 19 types of NPT were considered. A Java software model was developed and used to express NPT as an undesired event with probability of happening, in order to follow with RM terminology. The probability levels (related to the NPT values) for each rig were then defined and further classified into the four familiar ranks and their colors as used in RM: Acceptable (green), Tolerable (yellow), Inadmissible (orange), and Unacceptable (red). A matrix was established for all NPT categories and for the 60 rigs and was then named Rig-NPT Risk Matrix. A maximum probability ceiling was established as a reference for unacceptable risks of all NPT categories and for all the 60 rigs. Finally, sets of risk control recommendations were proposed to minimize the NPT in order to improve rigs performance. The concept of NPT and the science of RM when integrated gave a new approach to minimize the drilling losses. Using NPT analysis coupled with risk management was used to indicate where to optimize exerted efforts in order to synergize improvement of overall drilling performance.
Modelling of continuous surfactant flooding application for marginal oilfields: a case study of Bentiu reservoir
Authors: Abbas Azza Hashim , Elhag Hani Hago , Sulaiman Wan Rosli Wan , Gbadamosi Afeez , Pourafshary Peyman , Ebrahimi Shirin Shafiei , Alqohaly Osamah Yahya , Agi Augustine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEnhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a proven method to increase oil production from the brown fields. One of the efficient EOR methods is injecting surfactants to release the trapped oil. However, few unconsolidated behaviours were observed in both field and laboratory practice. In this study, a new framework was adapted to evaluate the continuous surfactant flooding (CSF) in Bentiu reservoir. The study aims to quantify the expected range of the oil production, recovery factor and residual oil saturation (Sor). The motivation came from the oil demand in Sudan and the insufficient cores. The framework adopted in the study includes numerical simulation modelling and proxy modelling. Thirty-six cores obtained from the field were revised and grouped into five main groups. The interfacial tension (IFT) data were obtained experimentally. The CSF sensitivity study was developed by combining different experimental design sets to generate the proxy model. The CSF numerical simulation results showed around 30% additional oil recovery compared to waterflooding and approximately oil production between (20–30) cm3. The generated proxy model extrapolated the results with concerning lower ranges of the input and showed an average P50 of oil production and recovery of 74% and 17 cm3, respectively. Overall, the performance of CSF remained beneficial in vast range of input. Moreover, the generated proxy model gave an insight on the complexity of the interrelationship between the input factors and the observants with a qualitative prospective factors. Yet, the results confirmed the applicability of CSF in core scale with an insight for field scale application.
3,4-Secocycloartane Triterpenoids from the Cones of Pseudolarix amabilis
Authors: Xiao Si-Jia , Li Bo , Huang Zheng-Rui , Yuan Wen-Lin , Ye Ji , Li Hui-Liang , Xu Xi-Ke , Shen Yun-Heng , Zhang Wei-Dong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Four new 3,4-secocycloartane triterpenoids, pseudolactones A–D (1–4), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the cones of Pseudol arixamabilis. Their structures were established by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments. The cones of P. arixamabilis are enriched in the ring-expanded or cleaved cycloartane triterpenoids. This work provides new insight into cycloartane triterpenoids from the cones of P. arixamabilis.

Graphic Abstract
Natural Products in Cancer Therapy: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Huang Min , Lu Jin-Jian , Ding Jian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNatural products, with remarkable chemical diversity, have been extensively investigated for their anticancer potential for more than a half-century. The collective efforts of the community have achieved the tremendous advancements, bringing natural products to clinical use and discovering new therapeutic opportunities, yet the challenges remain ahead. With remarkable changes in the landscape of cancer therapy and growing role of cutting-edge technologies, we may have come to a crossroads to revisit the strategies to understand nature products and to explore their therapeutic utility. This review summarizes the key advancements in nature product-centered cancer research and calls for the implementation of systematic approaches, new pharmacological models, and exploration of emerging directions to revitalize natural products search in cancer therapy.
Anti-microbial Effects In Vitro and In Vivo of Alstonia scholaris
Authors: Zhao Yun-Li , Gou Zhong-Ping , Shang Jian-Hua , Li Wan-Yi , Kuang Yu , Li Ming-Yuan , Luo Xiao-Dong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlstonia scholaris could be used as a traditional medicinal plant in China for the treatment of acute respiratory, which might be caused by respiratory tract infections. The investigation tested the anti-infective effects of total alkaloids extract (TA) from leaves of A. scholaris, and as a result, TA inhibited herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus (H1N1) in vitro respectively. In addition, the survival days of mice were prolonged, and the lung weights and mortality of mice were decreased significantly, after oral administrated TA in H1N1 and beta-hemolytic streptococcus infectious models in vivo respectively. The finding supported partly the traditional usage of A. scholaris in the treatment of respiratory infections.
Graphic Abstract
Gallbladder cancer detected by elevated serum KL-6 levels during the follow-up of interstitial pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Yonenaga Yoshikuni , Kurosawa Manabu , Higashide Shunichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSerum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is clinically used for the diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia (IP) as well as the evaluation of its disease activity. A female patient was diagnosed with idiopathic IP when she was 62 years old. Four years later, serum levels of KL-6 had been elevated gradually from 2400–3821 U/ml, and she was found to have gallbladder cancer detected by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. She thus underwent a radical extended cholecystectomy. After the operation, serum levels of KL-6 showed a steep decline to 590 U/ml. Immunohistological examination revealed that KL-6 presented in gallbladder cancer cells. Taken together, serum KL-6 was shown to be produced by gallbladder cancer cells. Here, we present the first patient in whom increased serum KL-6 levels led to the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer during follow-up of IP. When serum levels of KL-6 are elevated during the follow-up care of IP despite no worsening of IP, an examination of the whole body should be performed to find possibly existing malignant tumors.
Different types of bullae of limbs with necrotizing fasciitis predict different outcome: a prospective study
Authors: Huang Tsung-Yu , Tsai Yao-Hung , Kuo Liang-Tseng , Hsu Wei-Hsiu , Hsiao Cheng-Ting , Hung Chien-Hui , Huang Wan-Yu , Wu Han-Ru , Chuang Hui-Ju , Li Yen-Yao , Peng Kuo-Ti 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Study objective
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon life-threatening necrotizing skin and soft tissue infection. Bullae are special skin manifestations of NF. This study was conducted to analyze the differences between different types of bullae of limbs with NF for providing the information to emergency treatment.

Methods
From April 2015 to August 2018, patients were initially enrolled based on surgical confirmation of limbs with NF. According to the presence of different bullae types, patients were divided into no bullae group (Group N), serous-filled bullae group (Group S), and hemorrhagic bullae group (Group H). Data such as demographics, clinical outcomes, microbiological results, presenting symptoms/signs, and laboratory findings were compared among these groups.

Results
In total, 187 patients were collected, with 111 (59.4%) patients in Group N, 35 (18.7%) in Group S, and 41 (21.9%) in Group H. Group H had the highest incidence of amputation, required intensive care unit care, and most patients infected with Vibrio species. In Group N, more patients were infected with Staphylococcus spp. than Group H. In Group S, more patients were infected with β-hemolytic Streptococcus than Group H. Patients with bacteremia, shock, skin necrosis, anemia, and longer prothrombin time constituted higher proportions in Group H and S than in Group N.

Conclusions
In southern Taiwan, patients with NF accompanied by hemorrhagic bullae appear to have more bacteremia, Vibrio infection, septic shock, and risk for amputation. If the physicians at the emergency department can detect for the early signs of NF as soon as possible, and more patient’s life and limbs may be saved.
Interstitial Laser Occlusion of the Systemic Feeding Vessel in a Hybrid Lung Lesion: Technique, Clinical Course, Perinatal Outcome and a Review of Literature
Authors: Berwal Vidhika , Sreedhar Sarala , Abraham Mohan , Krishnan Vivek 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe two most common fetal lung lesions include Bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) and Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM).Their co-existence is known as a hybrid lesion. Fetal hydrops in such cases is associated with very high morbidity and mortality. Several fetal interventions have been recommended over the past years to treat the same, with varying success rates. We describe a case of a hybrid CPAM complicated by hydrops which was successfully treated by interstitial laser coagulation of the systemic feeder artery. We also review current literature on the available interventions and conclude that interstitial laser has emerged as the preferred modality of treatment over the years.
Prenatal Binder Phenotype: Physician’s Dilemma-A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh , Aneja Anjila , Bahl Neena , Arora Rupam , Sehgal Renu Raina , Saini Pankaj 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Binder phenotype is defined by midface hypoplasia, underdeveloped frontal sinuses, hypoplastic and abnormally positioned nasal bones, nostrils appearing moon or comma-shaped and prognathism.
It is heterogeneous in etiology and not fully understood. Multiple causative factors are described.
The physician’s dilemma is of diagnosing the fetal abnormalities on antenatal ultrasound for which there is no confirmatory testing. There are management and ethical problems regarding the diagnosis, further investigations and confirmation of the diagnosis. The Binder phenotype is a clinical diagnosis with multiple differential diagnoses. It carries an uncertain and unpredictable course and prognosis which might be difficult for both clinician and parents to predict and comprehend. Genetic counseling has to be variable depending upon the diagnosis.
Fuzzy inventory model for NVOCC’s returnable containers under empty container repositioning with leasing option
Authors: Rajeswari S. , Sugapriya C. , Nagarajan D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAt present, the entire globe gets engaged in importing and exporting the products for promoting their business in which supply chain management is playing a vital role. The main aspect of any effective supply chain management is the transportation of cargoes. To avoid the damages of cargoes during transportation and for minimizing the cost, the returnable containers are used. The present research deals with an inventory model of Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC) for returnable containers with price dependent demand under fuzzy environment. In this study, it is presumed that the import of cargoes is less than the export. The Empty Container Repositioning (ECR) and the leasing options are utilized to replace the deficit containers which prevent shortages. The proportion of the used containers returned, the proportion of the repositioned containers and the fraction of repairable from the returned containers are considered as Triangular Fuzzy Numbers [TFNs]. Fuzzy inventory model is framed for the purpose of attaining optimal length of the screening, the repositioning cycle and the leasing cycle which are used to minimize the expected total cost and the proposed model is illustrated with the numerical example. The sensitivity analysis is performed to show the effect of fuzziness of return rate, repositioning rate and repairable percentage along with the changes in parameters.