bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovering the Empire: Julija Pranaitytė’s Guidebook to Europe and Asia
Authors: Paškauskas Juozapas 
Published: January 2020

The significance of Iš kelionės po Europą ir Aziją (1914), the guidebook by Julija Pranaitytė, a Lithuanian intellectual from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, depended not just on the fact that the author was the first Lithuanian female traveller to comprehensively document the experiences of a modern tourist in the early 20th century, but that the book itself was the first guidebook to the Russian Empire to be published in Lithuanian.
The guidebook is an attempt by member of the intelligentsia with strong Catholic views to provide practical information about a modernizing and increasingly mobile world. Thus, the intended target of Pranaitytė book is twofold. Firstly, it is more mobile yet still poorly educated working-class reader who is being constantly warned about possible threads of being fooled or cheated. The reader could find advice in guidebook about things worth having while travelling, how to communicate, and what to expect. The guidebook also provides historical information about places visited, cultural insights, similarities and differences to Western society in such a way the book could be interesting and useful for middle-calls traveler as well.
There is also a more general problem relating to the author’s approach to the guidebook: what representations of different cultures and nations did early 20th-century Lithuanians share, and what did these representations mean in the religious, imperial and international contexts of the time? As is often the case in travel literature, history is presented here selectively, taking into account the dominant cultural monologue. It has a clear purpose in Pranaitytė’s guidebook: to spread a vision of the moral and religious superiority of Western and Christian culture. However, having in mind that growing number of workers and middle class were engage in Lithuanian national movement at the beginning of 20th century, this prejudges becomes paradoxical because Empire’s religious and cultural values are shown as cultural foundation for discovering new parts of late Russian Empire.
Evaluation of open pollinated and hybrid maize varieties in Dhading district of Nepal
Authors: Devkota Shivahari , Karn Rupak , Jha Ritesh Kumar , Marasini Dinesh , Sah Shrawan Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Five maize varieties namely Rampur composite, Arun-2, Manakamana-3, Rampur Hybrid-4 and Rajkumar were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications at farmers field at Nilkantha Municipality-09, Aashikhola, Dhading from February 2018 to June 2018 to identify high yielding maze varieties. Significant variation was observed for grain yield, silking and tasseling, number of kernels per cob and cob length.The largest cob length was found in Rampur composite (19.550 cm) and highest number of kernel row per cob was found in Rajkumar (17.25) and Manakamana-3 (17.25).The highest number of leaves above cob was found in Rampur composite (5.678). The number of days for 50% tasseling and number of days for 50% silking had a highly significant and positive correlation with plot yield. The highest number of days for 50% tasseling (78.50 DAS) and days for 50 % silking (82.50 DAS) was observed in the genotypes Rampur Hybrid-4. Similarly, the number of leaves above the cob , thousand kernel weight and length of the cob had a significant and positive correlation with plot yield. Rampur Hybrid -4 was the highest yielding genotype (7.79 t/ha) for such domain area with a B:C ratio of 1.48.Thus, Rampur Hybrid-4 genotype is recommended for spring season in Dhading.
Effects of row spacings and varieties on grain yield and economics of maize
Authors: Koirala Saurabha , Dhakal Akash , Niraula Dhiraj , Bartaula Sampurna , Panthi Urbashi , Mahato Mohan 
Published: January 2020

Maize is the second most important crop of Nepal. The yield of the crop is low due to lack of appropriate plant density for the varieties. The field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different row spacings on different maize varieties at Deupur, Lamahi municipality of the dang district in province No. 5, Nepal during the rainy season from June to September, 2018. Four levels of spacings (boardcasting and three row spacings of 45, 60 and 75 cm) and two maize varieties (Rampur Composite and Arun-2) were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest grain yield was found in Rampur Composite and Arun-2 while they were planted with row spacing of 60 cm with plant to plant spacing of 25 cm. The highest grain yield, cob length, cob circumference, number of rows per cob, thousand grain weight were reported when maize was planted in the row spacing 60×25cm. Among the maize varieties, Rampur Composite produced the highest grain yield, cob length, cob circumference, number of rows per cob as compared to Arun-2. This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating maize varieties with row spacing of 60 cm with plant to plant spacing of 25 cm.
Fuel of the keeping needs of the energy discharge during nitrogen on the tribological characteristics of the design steel 45
Authors: Stechyshyna N.M. , Stechyshyn M.S. , Martyniuk A.V. 
Published: January 2020

The effect of power discharge category W in BATR on tribological characteristics of nitrous steel 45 is investigated in the work. The highest wear resistance of steel 45 corresponds to mode 7, which provides optimum physico-chemical characteristics of the nitrided layer.
The ratio of the intensities of the passage of the main BATR subprocesses determines the structure and phase composition of the nitrided layers. Depending on the current combination of parameters of the mode of formation of the nitrided layer, the intensity of the flow of the above subprocesses (nitride formation, sputtering and diffusion saturation of the surface with nitrogen), and therefore the intensity of the formation of certain phases may be different, and sometimes reverse. For example, as the energy of the incident stream W increases, the pre-formed nitride layer is sprayed, which stimulates the process of nitrogen diffusion into the metal base and the formation of e and g - phases. When the flow energy is insufficient to atomize the nitride layer, it acts as a kind of barrier that impedes or completely stops the process of nitrogen diffusion.
It is established that the decrease in the specific discharge power leads to a decrease in the thickness of the nitride and diffusion zones and, as a consequence, the tribological characteristics deteriorate. It is revealed that at the maximum values of energy parameters, a nitrous containing layer is formed e , g і a - phase. The decrease in voltage and current density causes the particle to increase g - pfase (Fe4N) and according to the reduction of the share e - phase (Fe2N). At minimum values of energy parameters of formation of nitrides on the surface is absent and the nitrided layer consists only of a - phase.
The Persian Version of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI): Translation and Evaluation of Its Psychometric Properties
Authors: Bateni Fatemeh Sadat , Rahmatian Maryam , Kaviani Ahmad , Simard Sebastian , Soleimani Mehdi , Nejatisafa Ali-Akbar 
Published: January 2020

Background: This study aimed to translate and validate the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI) questionnaire into Persian and to investigate its psychometric properties.
Methods: The FCRI was translated to Persian using a linguistic methodology according to WHO guidelines. A total of 450 breast cancer survivors who had the following inclusion criteria were included: time elapse of more than six months after the treatment prior to the study; absence ofobjective markers of recurrence, fluency in the Persian language, and signing the informed consent. Internal consistency was estimated with Cronbach's α coefficient and test-retest reliability with Interclass correlation. Concurrent validity was estimated through Pearson’s correlation between the FCRI and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were employed to evaluate dimensionality.
Results: The Persian version was acceptable for patients. The content validity index (CVI) was 0.80. The instrument had good test-retest reliability (ICC= 0.96) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.86). PCA and CFA indicated that the factor structure of the Persian version was similar to the original questionnaire and had acceptable goodness of fit. Correlations between the FCRI and HADS was remarkable (r= 0.252 – 0.639), indicating acceptable concurrent validity.
Conclusions: The Persian version of FCRI could be considered a good cross-cultural equivalent for the original English version. The questionnaire was a reliable and valid instrument in terms of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and dimensionality.
Design for circular futures through distributed repair
Authors: PRENDEVILLE Sharon , SALVIA Giuseppe 
Published: January 2020

The Circular Economy (CE) is attracting business, policy and academic interest through potential monetary and environmental savings, by material and product lifetime extension. However, it overlooks the role of consumption in achieving its goals, posing less emphasis on reuse and repair for instance. Focusing on the ‘inner’ CE loop of repair could unlock underaddressed potential, especially if developed in conjunction with emerging sociotechnical changes of distributed production. These are considered adaptable, flexible and resilient which exploit the power of networks.
In this paper, we propose that distributed production (through open design) can be leveraged to foster the wider uptake of repair practice and business. To this end, four scenarios are represented in which design is a strategic tool to foster repair, at different scales and level of peoples’ engagement.
Dual Nature of Designer’s Attitudes Toward Design-Led Innovation
Authors: YAEGASHI Kazaru , ANDO Takuo 
Published: January 2020

These Design has become important to corporate competitiveness. Studies on design have paid much attention to innovation (Von Stamm, 2003; Utterback et al., 2006). A growing number of scholars see the design as the driver of the innovation, and two key ideas has gathering attention. One is the concept of “HCD (Human-Centered-Design)” and “Design Thinking” (Brown, 2008, Martin, 2009), and the other is the concept of “DDI (Design-Driven Innovation)” (Verganti, 2009). However, there is tension between two deterministic views of design-led innovation. On one hand, design is seen as a creative problem-solving activity that works towards a desired state of affairs that can be determined in advance. On the other hand, design is seen as exploratory research through which an understanding of an issue or problem emerges.
This paper investigates the contribution of the designer’s attitude relating to problem-solving/exploratory research, and provides conceptual framework that explain relations between dual nature of designer’s attitude and design-led innovation.
Keynote
Authors: LIEDTKA Jeanne 
Published: January 2020

The value delivered by design thinking is almost always seen to be improvements in the creativity and usefulness of the solutions produced. This paper takes a broader view of the potential power of design thinking, highlighting its role as a social technology for enhancing the productivity of conversations for change across difference. Examined through this lens, design thinking can be observed to aid diverse sets of stakeholders’ abilities to work together to both produce higher order, more innovative solutions and to implement them more successfully. In this way, it acts as a facilitator of the processes of collectives, by enhancing their ability to learn, align and change together. This paper draws on both the author’s extensive field research on the use of design thinking in social sector organizations, as well as on the literature of complex social systems, to discuss implications for both practitioners and scholars interested in assessing the impact of design thinking on organizational performance.
Section 6.d Introduction
Authors: GRIFFITH Selena , PETERSON J Fiona , SADOWSKA Noemi 
Published: January 2020

In preparing programmes and curriculum to develop the designers of the future, educators are continually reminded of the ever-changing world of professional practice. Increasing levels of project complexity, technology uptake, cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural practice are providing many opportunities for design educators to develop innovations in the way we design and deliver education experiences.
In considering the future of Design Education and how students might be prepared for professional practice, the papers in this track explore a range of ideas, from encouraging student engagement, and identifying new professional roles, to proposing frameworks for educators, and provocations for re-thinking learning and teaching designs. Innovation is a common theme in a context of rapid change.
We begin with Where have all the ideas gone? An anatomy of sketch inhibition among student designers. In this paper, Lisa Thurlow and Peter Ford reflect upon the importance of traditional skills development alongside digital processes. They advocate a greater awareness of digital and manual tools and design-specific research types.
Section 5.c Introduction
Authors: JONES Peter , BUCOLO Sam 
Published: January 2020

The role of design in business has gradually expanded beyond merely creating and communicating better products. Design is now being understood by its totality of value-creating activities, and the competencies that span across innovation, product development, marketing and strategic decision-making. Design has moved from historical product and branding functions to formative ideation and coordination of product and processes across all dimensions of organizational value-creation. Design practices rely on engaging with multidisciplinary stakeholder teams responsible for creating sustainable value propositions that ensure the organization’s future.
Ensuring an organization’s future requires another emerging practice, that of strategic foresight. The dynamic complexity of business in globally networked markets and partnerships requires product and service design teams to engage fully with foresight scenarios, continual trend scanning, and futures creation. There is a growing awareness that business organizations, regardless of industry or size, are faced with unprecedented uncertainties over social analyses, globalization, and technology revolutions, as observed by the increasing interest in future studies.
Indeed, organizations are required to transform themselves, rethink their business models, innovate, and envisage alternative futures in order to adapt their approach to business, and the way they engage with informed and often empowered internal and external stakeholders. The necessity for businesses to transform, just to survive in their business segment, has created new demands for foresight, value co-creation, envisioning, and design research for assessing value for users and markets.
Section 4.c Introduction
Authors: TASSINARI Virginia 
Published: January 2020

Increasingly, designers are asked to play a role in innovation processes taking place in society, either by initiating new approaches to weave social tissue, by amplifying or scaling up existing initiatives or by creating the preconditions for these initiatives to prosper. In doing so, they touch upon new meanings and values that are about to emerge in society, often increasing their visibility and moving them towards the centre of our everyday lives. For instance, a new sense of community and citizenship emerges where designers attempt to increase citizen participation in co-designing new services for their cities. As time progresses, the meaning of notions such as politics, aesthetics and citizenship shift and designers need to adapt to these changes and help to initiate or steer the adaptation process. Thus, they no longer just work to create new services: they are engaging in a cultural operation (Margolin and Margolin’s 2002 and Manzini 2016). This raises important questions such as: Are we designers always aware of the cultural implications of our work? How to take these implications into account? Are we always aware of the shift of meanings and values to which we contribute when working on social innovation? Do we deal with it critically?
Philosophy has traditionally dealt with the interpretation of meanings and values produced throughout history. As a discipline, it can help us to better frame the new meanings and values that we designers are uncovering, (re)shaping or amplifying in society. Which meanings and values are we talking about? Can philosophy help us to critically assess these new meanings and values, framing them culturally and increase our awareness of their implications on our culture? Can philosophy help to bring more critical awareness and continuous reflection in processes of social innovation? Which philosophical traditions are better suited to look into in this sense? How can these reflections help us in our design practice aimed at social innovation? This track puts into dialogue meanings and values emerging from practices of social innovation with diverse philosophical traditions.
Section 4.b Introduction
Authors: DE BONT Cees , GLORIA Moss , HORVATH Gabor 
Published: January 2020

Preferences shape perceptions of product usefulness, utility, ease of use, as well as price sensitivity and the time that people attend to something so contributors are invited to consider factors that shape preferences and influence an organisation’s ability to enact an Outside-in perspective. Relevant factors include nationality (the best contributions will be considered for a Routledge book ‘Nationality, Design and Marketing’ ), personality (how this shapes creations and preferences), gender (the role of culture and physiological in men and women’s visuo-spatial abilities) and organisational factors (the homogeneity principle and its influence on designer selection with potential conflicts with external customer preferences) A consideration of these factors singly or in combination would be encouraged.
Section 6.a Introduction
Authors: PRICE Rebecca , DE LILLE Christine , WRIGLEY Cara , DORST Kees 
Published: January 2020

There is an increasing need for organizations to adapt to rapid changes in society. This need requires organizations’ and the leader within them, to explore, recognize, build and exploit new capabilities. Researching such capabilities has drawn attention from the design management research community in recent years. Dominantly, research contributions have focused on perspectives of innovation and the strategic application of design with the researcher distanced from context. Descriptive and evaluative case studies of past organizational leadership have been vital, by building momentum for the design movement. However, there is a need now to progress toward prescriptive and explorative research perspectives that embrace context through practice and the simultaneous research of design. Therefore, the aim of this track is to lead and progress discussion on research methodologies that support the research community in developing explorative and prescriptive research methodologies for context-orientated organizational research. This track brings together a group of diverse international researchers and practitioners to fuel discussion on design approaches and subsequent outcomes of prescriptive and explorative research methodologies.
Design IP legislation in the UK
Authors: HILLNER Matthias 
Published: January 2020

This paper constitutes a critical and detailed review of an investigation into design right infringement in the UK. The original mixed-method study was commissioned by the UK IPO in 2015/2016 and led by the author throughout the first three of four project stages. This paper focuses specifically on the results obtained in relation to registered design right infringement. The paper comprises the following points:

A discussion of older studies in the area
An outline of the research methodology deployed for the design right infringement survey
A discussion and analysis of key research findings

The conclusions drawn provide insight not only into how design rights are used and enforced in the UK. They also help to establish clarity about the level of robustness of design-related IP options. The paper provides orientation to designers and design IP stakeholders. It culminates in a range of ideas of how the IP system surrounding designs can be enhanced in the UK and in comparable countries.
Tracing the tensions surrounding understandings of agency and knowledge in technology design
Authors: BOHEMIA Erik , NEUBAUER Ruth , HARMAN Kerry 
Published: January 2020

The literature suggests that prevailing understandings of the makeup of design knowledge and agency in producing design knowledge in technology is not helpful for design processes and its practitioners.
Tensions arise within processes of designing, when design knowledge is understood as objective, whilst subjectivity is experienced in the research methods employed. In the same time, knowledge production is pursued in an individualist manner, where the situated nature of knowing as an interplay of factors, likely reaching beyond personal traits and human intention, is not acknowledged. In this way, design processes are currently working against their inherent potential with likely effects on designers and subsequently design outcomes. The arising tensions cause issues for practitioners, who are stuck in between an objectivity demand and experienced subjectivity, without an alternative conception of their work. Practice-oriented conceptualisations of social dynamics, how things are, and come to be, as well as existing research in consumption practices and sustainable design, have shown that agency and knowing conceptualised as emerging from practice might reconcile this tension. It is therefore that we argue for a reconceptualization of the makeup of knowledge and agency in knowledge production, so that these advancements in conceptualising practices can be of service to the technology design discipline
Design-led innovation and sensemaking
Authors: WRIGLEY Cara , PRICE Rebecca , MATTHEWS Judy 
Published: January 2020

Design-led innovation (DLI) is a framework with particular focus on developing design capability. Implementation of DLI has been observed to positively influence firm innovation performance. As the framework is of relative infancy, there is opportunity to learn from and integrate methods and practice from other fields to strengthen the implementation of DLI. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to make explicit, the similarities DLI shares with sensemaking as in order to provider clearer approaches to managing the design process. An action research design is applied for 14 months within a major Australian Airport Corporation (AAC) to implement DLI. Qualitative data is collected and analysed, with the findings showing there are implicit similarities between the practice of DLI and mandates of sensemaking. The paper contributes opportunities to strengthen DLI by incorporating mandates of sensemaking consciously to enrich interpersonal interactions during the design process.