bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining postoperative ileus and associated risk factors in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program
Authors: Forbes Connor M. , Chehroudi Ali Cyrus , Mannas Miles , Bisaillon Andrea , Hong Tracey , So Alan , Mayson Kelly , Black Peter C. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication of radical cystectomy (RC), occurring in 1.6–23.5% of cases. It is defined heterogeneously in the literature. POI increases hospital length of stay and postoperative morbidity. Factors such as age, epidural use, length of procedure, and blood loss may impact POI. In this study, we aimed to evaluate risk factors that contribute to POI in a cohort of patients managed with a comprehensive Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol.
Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent RC from March 2015 to December 2016 at Vancouver General Hospital was performed. POI was defined a priori as insertion of nasogastric tube for nausea or vomiting, or failure to advance to a solid diet by the seventh postoperative day. To illustrate heterogeneity in previous studies, we also evaluated POI using other previously reported definitions in the RC literature. The influence of potential risk factors for POI, including patient comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, gender, age, prior abdominal surgery or radiation, length of operation, diversion type, extent of lymph node dissection, removal date of analgesic catheter, blood loss, and fluid administration volume was analyzed.
Results: Thirty-six (27%) of 136 patients developed POI. Using other previously reported definitions for POI, the incidence ranged from <1–51%. Node positive status and age at surgery were associated with POI on univariate analysis but not multivariable analysis.
Conclusions: A large range of POI incidence was observed using previously published definitions of POI. We advocate for a standardized definition of POI when evaluating RC outcomes. POI occurs frequently even with a comprehensive ERAS protocol, suggesting that additional measures are needed to reduce the rate of POI.
Testosterone therapy: Prescribing and monitoring patterns of practice in British Columbia
Authors: Locke Jennifer A. , Flannigan Ryan , Günther Oliver P. , Skeldon Sean , Goldenberg S. Larry 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Guidelines recommend that testosterone therapy (TTh) be restricted to men with a biochemical diagnosis of hypogonadism, and that therapeutic responses be titrated within the normal range.
Methods: Using four provincial longitudinal databases in British Columbia, we identified men prescribed TTh (1997–2013). We characterized the prescribing and monitoring practices of TTh in the context of serum testosterone levels drawn prior to and following initiation of TTh in a population-based setting.
Results: In our analysis of 37 741 men who received at least one TTh prescription, 48% received injectable testosterone and the vast majority were treated by general practitioners. The number of prescriptions for men increased annually, particularly after 2008; 40% discontinued their treatment after their first or second prescription, while 27% received more than 10 repeats. The absolute percentage of pre- and post-serum testosterone levels ordered increased by 16% and 31% during the study period, respectively. However, after initiating TTh, only 36% of all the men had a followup serum testosterone level drawn. Of those with low serum testosterone levels prior to TTh, 49% remained biochemically hypogonadal following TTh, suggesting non-compliance or inadequate dosing.
Conclusions: Many men prescribed TTh did not continue beyond a short trial. While the practice of checking pre-and post-TTh testosterone levels has improved over the study period, it is concerning that only one-third had a followup serum testosterone level, and half remained biochemically low. Further education is required around TTh prescribing, dose titration, and monitoring to ensure both effective and safe prescribing practice.
Geospatial Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance, Bacterial and Fungal Threats to Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Survival, and Point-of-Care Solutions
Authors: Kost Gerald J. 
Published: July 2020

Context.—Point-of-care testing (POCT) is inherently spatial, that is, performed where needed, and intrinsically temporal, because it accelerates decision-making. POCT efficiency and effectiveness have the potential to facilitate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) detection, decrease risks of coinfections for critically ill patients with coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), and improve the cost-effectiveness of health care.Objectives.—To assess AMR identification by using POCT, describe the United States AMR Diagnostic Challenge, and improve global standards of care for infectious diseases.Data Sources.—PubMed, World Wide Web, and other sources were searched for papers focusing on AMR and POCT. EndNote X9.1 (Clarivate Analytics) consolidated abstracts, URLs, and PDFs representing approximately 500 articles were assessed for relevance. Panelist insights at Tri•Con 2020 in San Francisco and finalist POC technologies competing for a US $20,000,000 AMR prize are summarized.Conclusions.—Coinfections represent high risks for COVID-19 patients. POCT potentially will help target specific pathogens, refine choices for antimicrobial drugs, and prevent excess morbidity and mortality. POC assays that identify patterns of pathogen resistance can help tell us how infected individuals spread AMR, where geospatial hotspots are located, when delays cause death, and how to deploy preventative resources. Shared AMR data “clouds” could help reduce critical care burden during pandemics and optimize therapeutic options, similar to use of antibiograms in individual hospitals. Multidisciplinary health care personnel should learn the principles and practice of POCT, so they can meet needs with rapid diagnostic testing. The stakes are high. Antimicrobial resistance is projected to cause millions of deaths annually and cumulative financial loses in the trillions by 2050.
O fim de uma aurora: sobre Roberto Franco, bonequeiro
Authors: Mercurio Sergio Adrian 
Published: July 2020

Resumo: Este ensaio é o fruto de uma investigação por meio de entrevistas realizadas ao longo de dois anos. Relata a história de Roberto Franco, bonequeiro salvadorenho que desenvolveu seu trabalho durante o conflito armado em seu país. Ele fez parte das Fuerzas Populares de Liberación (FPL), uma organização política e guerrilheira. Em 23 de novembro de 1983 desapareceu, e até os dias de hoje não se sabe nada de seu pa- radeiro. Esta é a história do bonequeiro que criou uma personagem chamada Aurora, uma rã de cor vermelha e cabelo amarelo, com a qual cumpriu a missão de agitar as massas estudantis e operárias, com o objetivo de conscientizá-las.Palavras-chave: Desaparecido. Bonequeiro. El Salvador. Roberto Franco.
El final de la aurora: sobre Roberto Franco, titiritero
Authors: Mercurio Sergio Adrian 
Published: July 2020

Durante los años de la guerra civil en El Salvador, vivió Roberto Franco, quien consideró que su forma de acción en esa guerra era la de ser titiritero. El artículo cuenta la historia de su vida. La de un titiritero que murió siéndolo aun en una de las situaciones más traumáticas que puede vivir una sociedad
Una historia tejida en el hielo: comentarios en torno a la investigación educativa basada en artes visuales, a propósito de una puesta en escena
Authors: Rodríguez-Aguilar Jorge Luis 
Published: July 2020

Resumen: La vinculación ineludible entre los distintos géneros de las artes visuales son recursos que posibilitan, cada vez más, el desarrollo de nuevos ejercicios académicos e investigativos. Sin renunciar a sus individualidades, el teatro de títeres y la fotografía, pueden estructurar dinámicas investigativas provechosas para los procesos creativos contemporáneos, en particular, la producción de imágenes simbólico-metafóricas. Hacerlo no resulta difícil; solo se necesita el empeño.Palavras-clave: Teatro de títeres. Fotografía. Investigación educativa basada en artes visuales. Metodología. Didáctica fotográfica.
La empleabilidad a debate: ¿qué sabemos sobre la empleabilidad como estrategia de cambio social?
Authors: Llinares Insa Lucía , Córdoba-Iñesta Ana Isabel , González-Navarro Pilar 
Published: July 2020

Los cambios en mundo laboral derivados de la globalización y el neoliberalismo han puesto a la empleabilidad en el centro de atención del desarrollo económico y social. Sin embargo, la falta de consenso en las teorías y las dimensiones que la definen reclaman un análisis de la investigación que permita su uso como estrategia de cambio social. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión sistemática de los marcos teóricos sobre empleabilidad. Se ha realizado un análisis de 239 artículos científicos atendiendo a dos áreas temáticas: la historia del concepto y las perspectivas teóricas. Los resultados de esta revisión han permitido sistematizar y comprender las orientaciones teóricas desde las que se ha analizado la empleabilidad, las premisas que toman las diferentes teorías como punto de partida y los indicadores propuestos. A partir de todo ello, se han abierto algunas cuestiones para la reflexión de los agentes sociales vinculados a la educación, la acción social y al empleo.
Identification of viruses infecting six plum cultivars in Korea by RNA-sequencing
Authors: Jo Yeonhwa , Choi Hoseong , Lian Sen , Cho Jin Kyong , Chu Hyosub , Cho Won Kyong 
Published: July 2020

Background
Plums are a kind of stone fruit, a category that includes peaches, cherries, apricots, and almonds. In Korea, Japanese plum trees are usually cultivated as they best suit the climate. To date, there have been few studies in Korea on viruses infecting plum trees compared to those infecting peach trees.

Methods
To identify viruses and viroids infecting plum trees, we collected leaf samples from six different plum cultivars and subjected them to RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Six different plum transcriptomes were de novo assembled using the Trinity assembler followed by BLAST searching against a viral reference database.

Results
We identified hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and six viruses, including apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), little cherry virus-1 (LChV-1), peach virus D (PeVD), peach leaf pitting-associated virus (PLPaV), plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus (PBNSPaV), and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), from six plum cultivars by RNA-seq. RT-PCR confirmed the infection of HSVd and three viruses—ACLSV, PBNSPaV, and PNRSV—in plum trees. However, RT-PCR demonstrated that plum trees in this study were not infected by LChV-1, PeVD, or PLPaV. It is likely that the three viruses LChV-1, PeVD, and PLPaV as identified by RNA-seq were contaminants from other peach libraries caused by index misassignment, which suggests that careful confirmation by other methods should be carried out in next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based virus identification. Taken together, we identified a viroid and three viruses infecting plum trees in Korea.
A systematic mutational analysis identifies a 5‐residue proline tag that enhances the in vivo immunogenicity of a non‐immunogenic model protein
Authors: Rahman Nafsoon , Islam Mohammad Monirul , Kibria Md. Golam , Unzai Satoru , Kuroda Yutaka 
Published: July 2020

Poor immunogenicity of small proteins is a major hurdle in developing vaccines or producing antibodies for biopharmaceutical usage. Here, we systematically analyzed the effects of 10 solubility controlling peptide tags (SCP‐tags) on the immunogenicity of a non‐immunogenic model protein, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI‐19A; 6 kDa). CD, fluorescence, DLS, SLS, and AUC measurements indicated that the SCP‐tags did not change the secondary structure content nor the tertiary structures of the protein nor its monomeric state. ELISA results indicated that the 5‐proline (C5P) and 5‐arginine (C5R) tags unexpectedly increased the IgG level of BPTI‐19A by 240‐ and 73‐fold, respectively, suggesting that non‐oligomerizing SCP‐tags may provide a novel method for increasing the immunogenicity of a protein in a highly specific manner.
The cerebral tremor circuit in a patient with Holmes tremor
Authors: Nieuwhof Freek , de Bie Rob M.A. , Praamstra Peter , van den Munckhof Pepijn , Helmich Rick C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe cerebral network associated with Holmes tremor has never been determined directly. A previous study reported a brain network that is functionally connected, in healthy individuals, to different lesions that cause Holmes tremor (lesion connectome). We report a 71‐year‐old man with severe left‐sided tremor caused by a microbleed near the right red nucleus. Using accelerometry‐fMRI, we show tremor‐related activity in contralateral sensorimotor cortex and cerebellar vermis. This network was distinct from, but functionally coupled to, the Holmes lesion connectome. We propose that Holmes tremor involves three distinct cerebral mechanisms: a structural lesion, an intermediate lesion connectome, and symptom‐related activity.
Metal Halide Perovskites Functionalized by Patterning Technologies
Authors: Huang Xiongjian , Xiao Xiudi , Dong Guoping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetal halide perovskites (MHPs), as emerging stars, are greatly attracted due to their superior optical and optoelectrical properties. The design and construction of patterned materials have been considered as a powerful tool to improve the performance of optical and optoelectronic devices. Therefore, the marriage of MHPs and patterning technologies is expected to boost the development of perovskite‐based applications with novel functions and optimized properties. Moreover, with the merits of patterning technologies, integrated and small‐sized perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices with compactness are foreseen. In this review, recent progress in this field is summarized, including template‐assisted and template‐free patterning technologies that can endow MHPs with high crystallinity, long‐term stability, and special structures. Besides, the advantages and mechanisms of patterned MHPs toward high‐performance applications are discussed.
Barrier Designs in Perovskite Solar Cells for Long‐Term Stability
Authors: Zhang Shasha , Liu Zonghao , Zhang Wenjun , Jiang Zhaoyi , Chen Weitao , Chen Rui , Huang Yuqian , Yang Zhichun , Zhang Yiqiang , Han Liyuan , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention in the past decade and their power conversion efficiency has been rapidly increasing to 25.2%, which is comparable with commercialized solar cells. Currently, the long‐term stability of PSCs remains as a major bottleneck impeding their future commercial applications. Beyond strengthening the perovskite layer itself and developing robust external device encapsulation/packaging technology, integration of effective barriers into PSCs has been recognized to be of equal importance to improve the whole device’s long‐term stability. These barriers can not only shield the critical perovskite layer and other functional layers from external detrimental factors such as heat, light, and H2O/O2, but also prevent the undesired ion/molecular diffusion/volatilization from perovskite. In addition, some delicate barrier designs can simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability. In this review article, the research progress on barrier designs in PSCs for improving their long‐term stability is reviewed in terms of the barrier functions, locations in PSCs, and material characteristics. Regarding specific barriers, their preparation methods, chemical/photoelectronic/mechanical properties, and their role in device stability, are further discussed. On the basis of these accumulative efforts, predictions for the further development of effective barriers in PSCs are provided at the end of this review.
Health and safety in the Maine woods: Assemblage and baseline characteristics of a longitudinal cohort of logging workers
Authors: Scott Erika , Hirabayashi Liane , Graham Judy , Franck Katherine , Krupa Nicole , Jenkins Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLogging remains one of the most hazardous industries in the United States, despite many safety improvements made in the last decades. Currently, we know little about regional trends in health conditions of logging workers, especially in the Northeast. However, the forest products industry is a critical component of the Northeast's economy, especially in the State of Maine.MethodsThis paper reports on the baseline data of a longitudinal cohort study involving Maine loggers, aimed to assess the health and safety of the industry.ResultsThree hundred twenty‐five are included in these analyses, 246 mechanized loggers, and 79 conventional. On average mechanized loggers worked longer days (11.8 vs 9.7 hours) and had longer commutes from home to the woodlot (72.6 vs 40.7 minutes) than conventional loggers. For health factors, mechanized and conventional loggers had similar responses. Nearly two‐thirds of both mechanized and conventional loggers had an annual physical in the previous year, and 36.3% had seen a health specialist during that same time period. The overall work‐related injury and illness rate is 6.8 of 100 workers for this cohort.ConclusionsThese factors contribute to a need to work with the community on transforming logging into a safer and healthier profession for the current workforce, as well as the workforce of the future. This study provides the basis for an appropriate intervention, in collaboration with the loggers and industry stakeholders, to improve the lives of these vital workers.
Accelerating Electrochemical Reactions in a Voltage‐Controlled Interfacial Microreactor
Authors: Cheng Heyong , Tang Shuli , Yang Tingyuan , Xu Shiqing , Yan Xin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrodroplet chemistry is attracting increasing attention for accelerated reactions at the solution–air interface. We report herein a voltage‐controlled interfacial microreactor that enables acceleration of electrochemical reactions which are not observed in bulk or conventional electrochemical cells. The microreactor is formed at the interface of the Taylor cone in an electrospray emitter with a large orifice, thus allowing continuous contact of the electrode and the reactants at/near the interface. As a proof‐of‐concept, electrooxidative C−H/N−H coupling and electrooxidation of benzyl alcohol were shown to be accelerated by more than an order of magnitude as compared to the corresponding bulk reactions. The new electrochemical microreactor has unique features that allow i) voltage‐controlled acceleration of electrochemical reactions by voltage‐dependent formation of the interfacial microreactor; ii) “reversible” electrochemical derivatization; and iii) in situ mechanistic study and capture of key radical intermediates when coupled with mass spectrometry.
Nickel(II) Bisporphyrin‐Fused Pentacenes Exhibiting Abnormal High Stability
Authors: Hu Yi , Thomas Michael B. , Webre Whitney A. , Moss Austen , Jinadasa R. G. Waruna , Nesterov Vladimir N. , D'Souza Francis , Wang Hong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of largely π‐extended multichromophoric molecules including cross‐conjugated, half cross‐conjugated, conjugation‐interrupted and linearly conjugated systems were synthesized and characterized. These multichromophoric molecular systems revealed interesting structural‐property relationships. Bisporphyrin‐fused pentacenes Pen‐1 b and Pen‐2 a showed rich redox chemistry with 7 and 8 observable redox states, respectively. The linearly‐conjugated bisporphyrin‐fused pentacenes (Pen‐1 b and Pen‐2 a) possess much narrower HOMO–LUMO gaps (1.65 and 1.42 eV redox, respectively) and higher HOMO energy levels than those of their pentacene analogues (2.23 and 2.01 eV redox, respectively), similar to those of much less stable hexacenes and heptacenes. An estimated half‐life of >945 h was obtained for bisporphyrin‐fused pentacene Pen‐2 a, which is much longer than that of its pentacene analogue (BPE‐P, half‐life, 33 h).
Multiple Site Hydrogen Isotope Labelling of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Daniel‐Bertrand Marion , Garcia‐Argote Sébastien , Palazzolo Alberto , Mustieles Marin Irene , Fazzini Pier‐Francesco , Tricard Simon , Chaudret Bruno , Derdau Volker , Feuillastre Sophie , Pieters Grégory 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRadiolabelling is fundamental in drug discovery and development as it is mandatory for preclinical ADME studies and late‐stage human clinical trials. Herein, a general, effective, and easy to implement method for the multiple site incorporation of deuterium and tritium atoms using the commercially available and air‐stable iridium precatalyst [Ir(COD)(OMe)]2 is described. A large scope of pharmaceutically relevant substructures can be labelled using this method including pyridine, pyrazine, indole, carbazole, aniline, oxa‐/thia‐zoles, thiophene, but also electron‐rich phenyl groups. The high functional group tolerance of the reaction is highlighted by the labelling of a wide range of complex pharmaceuticals, containing notably halogen or sulfur atoms and nitrile groups. The multiple site hydrogen isotope incorporation has been explained by the in situ formation of complementary catalytically active species: monometallic iridium complexes and iridium nanoparticles.
A Frequency‐Selective pH‐Responsive paraCEST Agent
Authors: Ratnakar S. James , Chirayil Sara , Funk Alexander M. , Zhang Shanrong , Queiró João F. , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. , Kovacs Zoltan , Sherry A. Dean 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParamagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (paraCEST) agents are well‐suited for imaging tissue pH because the basis of CEST, chemical exchange, is inherently sensitive to pH. Several previous pH‐sensitive paraCEST agents were based on an exchanging Ln3+‐bound water molecule as the CEST antenna but this design often added additional line‐broadening to the bulk water signal due to T2 exchange. We report herein a pH‐sensitive paraCEST agent that lacks an inner‐sphere water molecule but contains one Ln‐bound −OH group for CEST activation. The Yb3+ complex, Yb(1), displayed a single, highly shifted CEST peak originating from the exchangeable Yb‐OH proton, the frequency of which changed over the biologically relevant pH range. CEST images of phantoms ranging in pH from 6 to 8 demonstrate the potential of this agent for imaging pH. Initial rodent imaging studies showed that Gd(1) remains in the vascular system much longer than anticipated but is cleared slowly via renal filtration.
Total Synthesis of Malacidin A by β‐Hydroxyaspartic Acid Ligation‐Mediated Cyclization and Absolute Structure Establishment
Authors: Sun Zhenquan , Shang Zhuo , Forelli Nicholas , Po Kathy Hiu Laam , Chen Sheng , Brady Sean F. , Li Xuechen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of novel antibiotics is critical to combating the growing emergence of drug‐resistant pathogens. Malacidin A is a new member of the calcium‐dependent antibiotic (CDAs) family with activity against antibiotic‐resistant pathogens. Its mode of action is distinct from classical CDAs. However, the absolute structure of malacidin A has not been established. Herein, the total syntheses of malacidin A and its analogues are reported by a combination of Fmoc‐based solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and β‐hydroxyaspartic acid ligation‐mediated peptide cyclization. The total synthesis enabled us to establish the absolute configuration of malacidin A, which is in agreement with those for natural malacidin A confirmed by advanced Marfey's analysis in our study.