bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permeability model of fractured rock with consideration of elastic‐plastic deformation
Authors: Zhao Yu , Wang Chaolin , Bi Jing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe evolution of rock permeability has been studied exhaustively, and a broad array of permeability models has been proposed. These models are normally derived under the assumption of elastic deformation when subjected to external stress. Under this assumption, these models define fracture permeability as a function of either gas pressure or effective stress. However, experimental observations indicate that rock fracture may experience unrecoverable deformation during the loading process. The goal of this study is to resolve this contradiction. In this study, derivation of fracture permeability correlation for elastoplastic contact of rough surfaces is presented. The proposed method for describing permeability evolution not only considers the topography of fracture surfaces but also and, more importantly, integrates the plastic deformation of rock fracture. Subsequently, the deformation and permeability change of shale sample containing a single rough‐walled fracture is experimentally investigated. The results show that the permeabilities obtained during the loading process are larger than the permeabilities obtained during the unloading process under the same stress conditions and that the fracture deformation cannot be fully recovered during the unloading process. At last, the proposed permeability model is applied to the experimental results and it is shown that the proposed model can predict the laboratory permeability data.
Experimental and numerical investigation on a novel support system for controlling roadway deformation in underground coal mines
Authors: Sun Yuantian , Li Guichen , Zhang Junfei , Qian Deyu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRoadway stability in extremely soft coal mass is a typical challenge in deep underground mines, as the most widely adopted support structure such as rock bolting, compound support system normally fails. This paper proposed a novel prereinforcement method for coal roadway, that is, jet grouting (JG) technique, to improve the quality of surrounding soft coal mass and form a stable support structure namely jet grouted coalcrete. The field and laboratory tests were conducted for evaluating the applicability of JG and the mechanical parameters of coalcrete. A numerical model was verified by comparing the calculated results with field measurements. According to the confirmed model, three typical JG support schemes were performed to assess the roadway stability after JG. The results showed that the proposed JG schemes can reduce the deformation and failure zone of the roadway and optimize the stress states around the roadway. The mechanism related to these advantages was investigated. This study provides a promising idea for supporting soft coal roadway in deep underground coal mines, which can promote the JG application in the field.
Application of discrete transforms with selective coefficients for blind image watermarking
Authors: Lydia E. Laxmi , Raj Joshua Samuel , Pandi Selvam R. , Elhoseny Mohamed , Shankar K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWatermarking scheme is not helpful in conveying the original image continually so as identifying the owner's mark from the watermarked image. In the current situation, our chosen topic is significant in real‐time applications like fraud recognition, emergency clinic, and government divisions. In this study, an optimal multiblind watermarking model is proposed for the watermark detection process. Our proposed model is a combination of intelligent domain transforms like Discrete Shearlet Transform and Discrete Curvelet Transform (DCurT). The imperceptibility necessity of the plan is accomplished utilizing optimal coefficients that are performed by applying in DCurT with metaheuristic optimization model that is Grasshopper Algorithm. It is played by a chasing behavior of gathering of grasshoppers and cooperation process, here, Random Grasshopper Optimization is utilized for watermarking. The secret image is embedded with a lower band of optimal coefficients with DCurT, and here, the band is DCur (1, 5). The secret data is embedded in the host images to make it secure, and then, the extraction of the embedding process takes place inversely. For experimentation analysis, 20 digital images are considered, and different attacks are applied in the proposed watermarking model. Thus, the watermarked image looks lossless compared with the host image. Moreover, recent literary works and domain transform are also utilized for strength investigation of the proposed watermarking model.
Experimental study on flame spread along fuel cylinders in high pressures
Authors: Zhao Yanli , Chen Jian , Sheng Youjie , Chen Xiao , Lu Shouxiang 
Published: October 2019

SummaryFlame spread over solid fuels in high‐pressure situations, such as nuclear containment shells during a pressurized period, has potential to result in catastrophic disaster, thus requiring further knowledge. This paper experimentally reveals the flame spread behaviors over fuel cylinders in high pressures. Polyethylene and polymethyl‐methacrylate cylinders with the diameter of 4.0 mm are used in this study. Ambient gas is air, and total pressures are varied from naturally normal pressure (100 kPa) to elevated pressure (500 kPa). Flame characteristics including flame appearance and flame size and burning rate and flame spread rate are investigated. Results show that in high pressure, the flame appearance is significantly affected. As the pressure increases, the blue flame disappeared, and the color of flame tip changes from luminous yellow to orange as well the orange part extends down towards the base of flame. The dimensionless flame height increases with pressure for pressure below 150 kPa and then decreases with pressure above that level. The burning rates show increasing trend with pressure and are proportional to P0.6 and P0.79 for polymethyl‐methacrylate and polyethylene, respectively. Besides, flame spread rates for polymethyl‐methacrylate and polyethylene both were found to be proportional to P0.5.
Inhibition of inflammatory cells delays retinal degeneration in experimental retinal vein occlusion in mice
Authors: Jovanovic Joël , Liu Xuan , Kokona Despina , Zinkernagel Martin S. , Ebneter Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe role of microglia in retinal inflammation is still ambiguous. Branch retinal vein occlusion initiates an inflammatory response whereby resident microglia cells are activated. They trigger infiltration of neutrophils that exacerbate blood–retina barrier damage, regulate postischemic inflammation and irreversible loss of neuroretina. Suppression of microglia‐mediated inflammation might bear potential for mitigating functional impairment after retinal vein occlusion (RVO). To test this hypothesis, we depleted microglia by PLX5622 (a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor) in fractalkine receptor reporter mice (Cx3cr1gfp/+) subjected to various regimens of PLX5622 treatment and experimental RVO. Effectiveness of microglia suppression and retinal outcomes including retinal thickness as well as ganglion cell survival were compared to a control group of mice with experimental vein occlusion only. PLX5622 caused dramatic suppression of microglia. Despite vein occlusion, reappearance of green fluorescent protein positive cells was strongly impeded with continuous PLX5622 treatment and significantly delayed after its cessation. In depleted mice, retinal proinflammatory cytokine signaling was diminished and retinal ganglion cell survival improved by almost 50% compared to nondepleted animals 3 weeks after vein occlusion. Optical coherence tomography suggested delayed retinal degeneration in depleted mice. In summary, findings indicate that suppression of cells bearing the colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor, mainly microglia and monocytes, mitigates ischemic damage and salvages retinal ganglion cells. Blood–retina barrier breakdown seems central in the disease mechanism, and complex interactions between different cell types composing the blood–retina barrier as well as sustained hypoxia might explain why the protective effect was only partial.
Application of neural network on heat transfer enhancement of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid
Authors: Barzegar Gerdroodbary M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe applications of neural networks (NNs) on engineering problems have been increased for obtaining high precision results. In this study, a new type of NN known as the group method of data handling (GMDH) is applied to obtain a formulation of a heat transfer rate. The numerical method of control volume‐based finite element method (CVFEM) is applied as a robust and reliable numerical approach for simulation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a nanofluid inside an inclined enclosure with a sinusoidal wall. A water‐based nanofluid with Cu nanoparticles is used as main fluid in our model. Maxwell–Garnetts (MG) and Brinkman models are applied to calculate effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid, respectively. This study tries to find that GMDH‐type NN is a reliable technique for calculation of MHD nanofluid convective based on specified variables. Our findings clearly demonstrate that GMDH‐type NN is more reliable than the CVFEM approach and this technique could efficiently identify the patterns in data and precisely estimate a performance. Comprehensive parametric studies are done to disclose the impact of significant factors such as electromagnetic force, buoyancy, nanoparticle volume fraction, and direction of enclosure on heat transfer rates. According to obtained results, heat transfer rate rises with the growth of buoyancy effects, the concentration of nanoparticles, and slope of domain while it reduces when Hartmann number is increased.
Enhancing advanced Theory of Mind skills in primary school: A training study with 7‐ to 8‐year‐olds
Authors: Bianco Federica , Lombardi Elisabetta , Massaro Davide , Castelli Ilaria , Valle Annalisa , Marchetti Antonella , Lecce Serena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent evidence showed that it is possible to help children's Theory of Mind (ToM) development during preschool and middle childhood. This study aimed to promote advanced mentalizing skills in children attending Year 2 of primary school through a ToM training programme based on narratives followed by multiple‐choice questions and conversations about mental states. Participants were 49 children, aged between 7 and 8 years (Mage = 7.6 years; SD = 3.98 months), assigned to the experimental (27 children, 11 boys) or to the control condition (22 children, 7 boys). The two groups were matched at pretest for age, ToM, socio‐economic background, reading comprehension, and executive functioning. The classroom‐training programme was delivered by an experimenter in four sessions (each 50 min long). The ToM group improved ToM skills significantly more than the control group both in the practiced and in the transfer ToM task. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.Highlights

We developed and tested the efficacy of a training programme for improving theory of mind skills in children aged 7–8 years.
The ToM training programme was effective in promoting advanced ToM skills at school in children aged 7–8 years.
The study fits with the experiential‐learning account according to which social and pedagogical experiences shape socio‐cognitive development.
Supply‐side factors, CEO overconfidence, and zero‐leverage policy
Authors: Ebrahimi Tahera , Gupta Jairaj , Ozkan Aydin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of credit rating downgrades, equity mispricing, and CEO overconfidence on zero‐leverage policy, using data for listed U.S. firms during the period 1980–2012. The results show that (a) the likelihood of zero leverage increases significantly following a downgrade in credit rating; (b) zero leverage is the outcome of the past attempts by firms to issue more overvalued equity capital; and (c) firms with overconfident CEOs are more likely to choose zero leverage. The results clearly suggest that the conditions prevailing in both credit and equity markets exert significant influence on zero‐leverage policy. The analysis also advocates the inclusion of managerial biases in conjunction with the market‐wide conditions in the analysis of zero‐leverage policy. Overall, the findings reveal that zero‐leverage firms find that the benefits of issuing overvalued equity outweigh the benefits associated with debt financing. These results are robust to a battery of checks.
Successful plasma exchange in a 34‐year‐old woman with diabetic ketoacidosis and a thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Hermelin Daniela , Blackall Douglas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a rare complication reported in the pediatric setting. We report a case of an adult patient with new‐onset DM, DKA, and TMA who was treated successfully with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). The patient underwent five procedures and experienced quick recovery in her platelet count and a near‐normalization of her LDH. Within 3 days, ADAMTS13 activity was reported at 40.7% (>66.8%). After a protracted hospital course, mostly focused on treating the patient's bilateral hemorrhagic chemosis, the patient was discharged on hospital day 30. TMA is associated with a spectrum of diseases such as TTP and sepsis but, to our knowledge, it has not been reported in the setting of DKA in an adult patient. Evidence supports that metabolic alterations associated with DKA and its treatment disrupt basal hemostatic mechanisms and promote a thrombotic state. Although ADAMTS13 activity was only moderately decreased, our patient responded rapidly to TPE, with a striking increase and stabilization of her PLT count that was durable beyond discharge. As reported recently, patients who have TMA with ADAMTS13 activity levels >10% have a range of diagnoses, presentations, and outcomes. Although the underlying microangiopathic process is incompletely understood, these patients may respond well to TPE, as was seen in this case.
Acceptability of a long‐acting injectable HIV prevention product among US and African women: findings from a phase 2 clinical Trial (HPTN 076)
Authors: Tolley Elizabeth E , Li Sue , Zangeneh Sahar Z , Atujuna Millicent , Musara Petina , Justman Jessica , Pathak Subash , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Swaminathan Shobha , Stanton Jill , Farrior Jennifer , Sista Nirupama 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionHigh HIV incidence and low adherence to daily oral PrEP among women underscore the need for more acceptable and easier to use HIV prevention products. Global demand for injectable contraception suggests that new, long‐acting, injectable formulations could meet this need. We examine acceptability of a long‐acting injectable PrEP among HIV‐uninfected women in Zimbabwe, South Africa and two United States phase 2 trial sites.MethodsQuantitative surveys were administered at the first, fourth and sixth injection visits. Focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted after the sixth injection visit. We compared the acceptability of injectable product attributes, prevention preferences and future interest in injectable PrEP by site and arm and ran longitudinal ordinal logistic regression models to identify determinants of future interest in injectable PrEP.ResultsBetween April 2015 and February 2017, the trial enrolled 136 (100 African, 36 US) women with a median age of 31 years. Most participants (>75%) rated injectable attributes as very acceptable. While few reported rash or other side effects, 56% to 67% reported injection pain, with nonsignificant differences over time and between arms. During FGDs, participants described initial fear of the injectable and variable experiences with pain. Most US and African participants preferred injectable PrEP to daily oral pills (56% to 96% vs. 4% to 25%). Future interest in using injectable PrEP was associated with acceptability of product attributes and was higher in African than US sites. In FGDs, participants described multiple reasons for trial participation, including a combination of monetary, health‐related and altruistic motivations. While associated with future interest in use in univariate models, neither altruistic nor personal motivations remained significant in the multivariate model.ConclusionsThis study found that long‐acting injectable PrEP is acceptable among African and US women experiencing product use. Acceptability of product attributes better predicted future interest in injectable use than experience of pain. This is reassuring as a single‐dose regimen of a different product has advanced to phase 3 trials. Finally, the study suggests that future demand for an injectable PrEP by women may be greater in African than US settings, where the risk of HIV is highest.
Involvement of LaeA in the regulation of conidia production and stress responses in Penicillium digitatum
Authors: Zhu Congyi , Wang Yuying , Hu Xu , Lei Mengying , Wang Mingshuang , Zeng Jiwu , Li Hongye , Liu Zheyu , Zhou Ting , Yu Dongliang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInvolvement of LaeA in various biological processes of filamentous fungi has been demonstrated. However, its role in Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of citrus postharvest green mold, remains unclear. In this study, a ΔPdLaeA mutant was constructed using homologous recombination. The production of conidia by the ΔPdLaeA mutant was reduced by half compared with that of the wild‐type strain. The sensitivity of the ΔPdLaeA mutant increased under alkaline conditions. The virulence assay revealed that PdLaeA was dispensable for the virulence of P. digitatum. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the function loss of PdLaeA resulted in the reduced expression of several secondary metabolite gene clusters. In addition, expression of several key regulators of conidiation (BrlA, FlbA, FlbC, FlbD, and FluG) was also downregulated in the ΔPdLaeA mutant. In summary, the present work demonstrated that PdLaeA was involved in the regulation of SM biosynthesis, as well as the development and environmental adaptation of P. digitatum.
Projection of hydroclimate extreme indices over the Indochina region under climate change using a large single‐model ensemble
Authors: Hanittinan Patinya , Tachikawa Yasuto , Ram‐Indra Teerawat 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResults from the multiple‐realization, single‐model ensemble called “d4PDF” were used to generate hydroclimate indices for present and future climates over the Indochina region. The model performed reasonably well in capturing the reference precipitation characteristics of the present climate (1951–2010), in particular the seasonal pattern (e.g., JJA and SON) and intensity‐based indices such as SDII, R95p, Rx1D, and Rx3D. Under the +4 K future simulation conditions for 2051–2110, comprising six prescribed sea‐surface temperature scenarios, substantial and statistically significant increases in precipitation frequency (R10 and R20) and intensity (SDII, Rx1D, and Rx3D) were projected over the Indochinese Peninsula with a high degree of consistency. However, there were greater uncertainties in the changes significance of mean precipitation either during early dry‐season (DJF) or late monsoon (SON) indices demonstrated by results of the parametric U test in some river catchments, such as the Chao Phraya, Red River, central Mekong, lower Irrawaddy, and Salween Basins, where the projection consistencies in a positive change direction were less than 50%. Comparison of basin‐wide empirical probability distributions of precipitation indices pointed to a robust increase in the frequency of the occurrence of heavy precipitation in intensity indices (e.g., Rx1D, Rx3D, and SDII). The relationship between d4PDF precipitation and total runoff generation outputs from the land surface component was investigated. The results show a high degree of temporal correspondence across the region under the present climate in several seasonal and intensity indices, except during the dry period (DJF and MAM). Finally, we found that
ε
P(P, R) of the annual and seasonal climatological indices of the future climate were always positive and larger than unity, with a median
ε
P(P, R) of 1.28–2.04. The results strongly reaffirm the role of rainfall as the main driver of runoff changes due to its faster response relative to change in precipitation at the Indochina Region.
Total replacement of dietary fish meal with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae does not impair physical, chemical or volatile composition of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Bruni Leonardo , Belghit Ikram , Lock Erik‐Jan , Secci Giulia , Taiti Cosimo , Parisi Giuliana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aquafeed sector has been replacing conventional dietary ingredients with more economic and eco‐friendly ingredients. Insects embody a promising alternative as a result of being highly nutritious and showing traits leading to a circular bioeconomy. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) at the sea‐water stage were fed diets with a partial or complete substitution of fishmeal with meal of Hermetia illucens larvae reared on a media containing Ascophyllum nodosum mixed with organic wastes (60:40). The present study aimed to assess the quality of fillets by characterizing its physico‐chemical traits with conventional and innovative methods, such as the proton transfer reaction‐time of flight‐mass spectrometer technique, allowing the analysis of samples at room temperature. Finally, steamed fillets underwent a consumer test to investigate the liking of consumers and their intention of re‐consumption.RESULTSThe main findings showed that a complete dietary substitution of fishmeal with H. illucens larvae meal did not impair the physico‐chemical quality of A. salmon fillets. Notably, neutral n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) slightly but significantly increased in the fillets of A. salmon fed H. illucens, also as a result of the additional fish oil present in the diets containing insect. The volatile organic profile was not altered by the different diets. The consumer‐liking test revealed that Italian consumers appreciated the tested salmon irrespective of the administered feed.CONCLUSIONTailoring the insect fatty acid profile by rearing the larvae on a PUFA‐rich substrate, coupled with a dietary modulation of the oily source, can successfully maintain or even increase the cardioprotective characteristics of fillets. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry