bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response through the lens of ecology and evolution
Authors: Yap Kang Nian , Yamada KayLene , Zikeli Shelby , Kiaris Hippokratis , Hood Wendy R. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTConsiderable progress has been made in understanding the physiological basis for variation in the life‐history patterns of animals, particularly with regard to the roles of oxidative stress and hormonal regulation. However, an underappreciated and understudied area that could play a role in mediating inter‐ and intraspecific variation of life history is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the resulting unfolded protein response (UPRER). ER stress response and the UPRER maintain proteostasis in cells by reducing the intracellular load of secretory proteins and enhancing protein folding capacity or initiating apoptosis in cells that cannot recover. Proper modulation of the ER stress response and execution of the UPRER allow animals to respond to intracellular and extracellular stressors and adapt to constantly changing environments. ER stress responses are heritable and there is considerable individual variation in UPRER phenotype in animals, suggesting that ER stress and UPRER phenotype can be subjected to natural selection. The variation in UPRER phenotype presumably reflects the way animals respond to ER stress and environmental challenges. Most of what we know about ER stress and the UPRER in animals has either come from biomedical studies using cell culture or from experiments involving conventional laboratory or agriculturally important models that exhibit limited genetic diversity. Furthermore, these studies involve the assessment of experimentally induced qualitative changes in gene expression as opposed to the quantitative variations that occur in naturally existing populations. Almost all of these studies were conducted in controlled settings that are often quite different from the conditions animals experience in nature. Herein, we review studies that investigated ER stress and the UPRER in relation to key life‐history traits including growth and development, reproduction, bioenergetics and physical performance, and ageing and senescence. We then ask if these studies can inform us about the role of ER stress and the UPRER in mediating the aforementioned life‐history traits in free‐living animals. We propose that there is a need to conduct experiments pertaining to ER stress and the UPRER in ecologically relevant settings, to characterize variation in ER stress and the UPRER in free‐living animals, and to relate the observed variation to key life‐history traits. We urge others to integrate multiple physiological systems and investigate how interactions between ER stress and oxidative stress shape life‐history trade‐offs in free‐living animals.
Bizarre giant cells in human angiosarcoma exhibit chemoresistance and contribute to poor survival outcomes
Authors: Tan Grace Fangmin , Goh Shane , Lim Abner Herbert , Liu Wei , Lee Jing Yi , Rajasegaran Vikneswari , Sam Xin Xiu , Tay Timothy Kwang Yong , Selvarajan Sathiyamoorthy , Ng Cedric Chuan‐Young , Teh Bin Tean , Chan Jason Yongsheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGiant cells (GC) are a poorly understood subset of tumor cells that have been increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to tumor heterogeneity and treatment resistance. We aimed to characterize the biological and clinical significance of GC in angiosarcoma, an aggressive rare cancer of endothelial origin. Archival angiosarcoma samples were examined for the presence of GC and compared with clinicopathological as well as NanoString gene expression data. GC were examined in angiosarcoma cell lines MOLAS and ISOHAS using conventional and electron microscopy, single cell whole genome profiling, and other assays. In the cell lines, GC represented a rare population of mitotically active, non–senescent CD31+ cells, and shared similar genomic profiles with regular‐sized cells, consistent with a malignant endothelial phenotype. GC remained viable and persisted in culture following exposure to paclitaxel and doxorubicin. In patient samples, GC were present in 24 of 58 (41.4%) cases. GC was correlated with poorer responses to chemotherapy (25.0% vs 73.3%, P = 0.0213) and independently contributed to worse overall survival outcomes (hazard ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.17‐4.15, P = 0.0142). NanoString profiling revealed overexpression of genes, including COL11A1, STC1, and ERO1A, accompanied by upregulation of immune‐related metabolic stress and metastasis/matrix remodeling pathways in GC‐containing tumors. In conclusion, GC may contribute to chemoresistance and poor prognosis in angiosarcoma.
TNK2‐AS1 upregulated by YY1 boosts the course of osteosarcoma through targeting miR‐4319/WDR1
Authors: Yao Weitao , Yan Qiang , Du Xinhui , Hou Jingyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMounting research papers have suggested that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) elicit important functions in the progression of osteosarcoma (OS). This study focused on the role of TNK2‐AS1 in OS. TNK2‐AS1 was powerfully expressed in OS tissues and cell lines. In addition, TNK2‐AS1 downregulation inhibited proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities while promoting apoptosis in OS cells. miR‐4319 was removed by TNK2‐AS1 and therefore TNK2‐AS1 elevated WDR1 expression in OS cells. miR‐4319 had an inhibitory influence on OS progression, while WDR1 was a contributor to OS progression. Rescue assays certified that TNK2‐AS1 promoted malignant phenotypes in vitro and the growth in vivo of OS cells by upregulating WDR1. In depth, we found that YY1 accelerated the transcription of TNK2‐AS1 in OS cells, and that its role in OS also depended on TNK2‐AS1‐regulated WDR1. In conclusion, TNK2‐AS1 was positively modulated by YY1 and aggravated the development of OS by ‘sponging’ miR‐4319 to elevate WDR1. The findings highlighted that TNK2‐AS1 might be a promising target for the treatment of OS.
Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: A summary of the Fifteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XV). II. Drugs in more advanced clinical development
Authors: Bialer Meir , Johannessen Svein I. , Koepp Matthias J. , Levy René H. , Perucca Emilio , Perucca Piero , Tomson Torbjörn , White H. Steve 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Fifteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XV) was held as a fully virtual conference from July 27 to July 30, 2020 for the sessions on drugs, and on August 3, 2020 for the sessions on devices. A total of 534 delegates from 63 countries attended lectures and interactive discussions, representing a broad range of disciplines from basic science, clinical research, and clinical care. This progress report provides summaries of recent findings on investigational compounds for which preclinical data as well as data from patient studies were presented. The report includes the following five compounds: anakinra, cenobamate, CVL‐865, fenfluramine, and ganaxolone, all with novel modes of action compared to more established antiepileptic drugs. Some of these compounds demonstrated promising results in placebo‐controlled phase 3 trials, and two have recently received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These include cenobamate, which was approved by the FDA on November 21, 2019 for the treatment of partial onset (focal) seizures in adults, and fenfluramine oral solution, which was approved by the FDA on June 25, 2020 for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome in patients 2 years and older.
On the use of the Fictitious Material Concept in estimating the ultimate load of keyhole notched AA6061‐T6 specimens under large tension‐torsion deformations
Authors: Torabi Ali Reza , Mohammadi Saeed , Saboori Behnam , Ayatollahi Majid Reza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the fracture of AA6061‐T6 specimens with ductile behavior having notches with keyhole geometry under combined loading of tension/torsion. The investigation is performed by theoretical and experimental methods. New fracture tests are performed using a loading fixture on the samples made of AA6061‐T6 weakened by keyhole notches with different notch tip radii. For theoretically estimating the onset of fracture in the tested notched specimens, a concept called “Fictitious Material Concept (FMC)” is used to equate the ductile material with a fictitious brittle material. Therefore, use of this concept allows use of the linear elastic brittle fracture criteria for ductile materials. The brittle fracture criteria utilized are the “mean stress (MS)” and “maximum tangential stress (MTS)” criteria. The small difference between the theoretical and experimental results confirms that use of the combination of FMC with the two criteria is successful in predicting failure of the keyhole notched AA6061‐T6 samples.
Diets of double‐crested cormorants in the Lake Winnebago System, Wisconsin
Authors: Koenigs Ryan P. , Dembkowski Daniel J. , Lovell Charles D. , Isermann Daniel A. , Nickel Adam D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDouble‐crested cormorant Phalacrocorox auritus Lesson (cormorant) populations have increased throughout the Great Lakes region of North America causing concern related to the impact of cormorant predation on fish communities. A recent decline in yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill) abundance within the Lake Winnebago System, Wisconsin, USA, prompted an assessment of cormorant diets to evaluate potential effects of cormorant predation on the sportfish community. Diets were collected from 883 cormorants (417 from Lake Winnebago and 466 from Lake Butte des Morts) between 2015 and 2017. Cormorant diets on both waterbodies consisted mostly of freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque and gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur). Yellow perch and walleye Sander vitreus (Mitchill) observations were infrequent and represented < 5% of cormorant diets by weight each year. Under current conditions, cormorant predation likely has minimal impact on the Lake Winnebago sportfish community, but more research is needed to assess potential impacts on Lake Butte des Morts.
Association between uric acid and atherosclerosis in community‐dwelling older people: The SONIC study
Authors: Tanaka Kentaro , Kabayama Mai , Sugimoto Ken , Akasaka Hiroshi , Takami Yoichi , Takeya Yasushi , Yamamoto Koichi , Sekiguchi Toshiaki , Kiyoshige Eri , Akagi Yuya , Godai Kayo , Yasumoto Saori , Masui Yukie , Gondo Yasuyuki , Ikebe Kazunori , Arai Yasumichi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Rakugi Hiromi , Kamide Kei ,   the SONIC study group
Published: November 2020

AimThe association between serum uric acid (UA) and atherosclerosis in old people is controversial. Therefore, in this study, we clarified this association by assessing serum UA and common carotid atherosclerosis examined by carotid ultrasound in community‐dwelling older people in their 70s, 80s and 90s in the SONIC study.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted involving 538 men and 577 women recruited from the community. The analysis was performed using serum UA as the explanatory variable and the maximum carotid intima‐media thickness (max‐CIMT) and mean‐IMT as the dependent variables. The analysis was performed by multiple regression using traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis as adjustment variables.ResultsAnalysis of the association between serum UA and IMT revealed a significant correlation only in women >70 years old. Max‐CIMT (β = 0.081, 95% CI = 0.026, 0.136; P = 0.004) and mean‐IMT (β = 0.015, 95% CI = 0.003, 0.029; P = 0.016) were significant. In the analysis of each age group, a significant correlation was only found in women in their 70s for mean‐IMT (β = 0.031, 95% CI = 0.008, 0.053; P = 0.008).ConclusionIn community‐dwelling women aged about 70 years old, elevated serum UA may be an independent risk factor for IMT thickening as a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 94–101.
Infantile Myofibromatosis: A Case Study and Review of Literature
Authors: Giannakopoulou Christina , Hatzidaki Eleftheria , Giannakopoulos Konstantinos , Matalliotakis Ioannis , Koumantakis Evgenios , Kalmanti Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInfantile myofibromatosis is an unusual condition generally presenting in the newborn period. The case being reported is that of a female newborn who had multiple lesions that involved skin, subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles, bone, and lungs. The disease was diagnosed because of the easily palpable skin tumors and subcutaneous nodules that were obvious immediately after birth. The diagnosis was established by histopathological examination of one nodule that showed a spindle‐celled mesenchymatogenic lesion demonstrating the morphological and immuno‐phenotype characteristics of myofibroblastic differentiation. The histologic picture, combined with the clinical manifestations and the imaging findings, are consistent with infantile myofibromatosis. The physical condition of the newborn was excellent and remains so six months later. The tumors of the skin and the subcutaneous nodules have gradually regressed without therapy. At the age of six months, four (4) nodules are palpable; the infant is under continuous observation.
The difference between nocturnal dipping status and morning blood pressure surge for target organ damage in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Song Jun , Li Yongjie , Han Tong , Wu Jianhao , Lou Tanqi , Zhang Jun , Ye Zengchun , Peng Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe authors aimed to investigate the epidemiology of morning blood pressure (BP) surge (MBPS) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and the interaction effect between MBPS and dipping status for target organ damage (TOD). A total of 823 non‐dialysis CKD patients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Subjects were grouped according to their systolic BP morning surge and dipping status, assessed by 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Patients with elevated MBPS had the highest quartile of MBPS (≥26.89 mm Hg). Non‐dipping pattern was defined as a decline in the nocturnal systolic BP of <10%. The factorial‐designed analysis of variance indicated that there was no statistically significant interaction effect for TOD between MBPS and dipping status (P > .05). There was a statistically significant association between MBPS and the non‐dipping pattern (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.12‐0.25; OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.91‐0.93). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that excessive MBPS is an independent risk factor for poor renal function, independent of a non‐dipping pattern, and BP level, whereas the non‐dipping pattern was an important risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy. Special attention should be paid to synchronous control of MBPS and nocturnal BP in CKD patients in clinical practice.
Identification of potential hosts plants of Cowpea aphid‐borne mosaic virus
Authors: Junco Michele Cristina , Silva Camila de Cassia , do Carmo Camila Maria , Kotsubo Roger Yochiharu , de Novaes Tanara Garcia , Molina Rubia de Oliveira 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmong the major pathogens affecting passion fruit orchards, the cowpea aphid‐borne mosaic virus (CABMV), also known as the fruit‐hardening virus, has gained prominence owing to its role in the drastic reduction in fruit production in yellow passion fruit orchards (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) from the second year of cultivation. To mitigate the damage, several regions adopt the annual planting system where a sanitary void is maintained from August to September. However, the virus is believed to remain dormant in weeds. This study aimed to identify potential weed hosts of CABMV. The study was conducted with a randomized design with four replications in Londrina, PR. Twenty‐eight weed species were tested, and a sample of yellow passion fruit leaves symptomatic for CABMV infection was used as the virus inoculum source. Mechanical inoculation was performed using the extract from the symptomatic plant. Symptoms were visually evaluated every 3 days. For molecular confirmation, total RNA was extracted, followed by RT‐PCR with CABMV‐specific oligonucleotides, reinoculation in passion fruit plants and sequencing. CABMV infection was observed in southern sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus), Siberian motherwort (Leonurus sibiricus), showy rattlepod (Crotalaria spectabilis) and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). The CABMV‐positive weed species extract was able to infect yellow passion fruit plant when a fresh mechanical inoculation was performed. Showy rattlepod (Crotalaria spectabilis) was the only weed species to exhibit observable symptoms of CABMV. C. echinatus, L. sibiricus and C. spectabilis act as a source of CABMV inoculum.
The effect of group size, reproductive condition and time period on sexual segregation patterns in three vespertilionid bat species
Authors: Katsis L. K. D. , Linton D. M. , Macdonald D. W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSexual segregation is widespread across the animal kingdom, yet there is limited consensus on the factors that shape this behavioural phenomenon. Many of the existing theories are based on study species with high levels of sexual size dimorphism. Insights from studies on species with minimal sexual size dimorphism, such as vespertilionid bats, provide an opportunity to study the factors associated with segregation irrespective of body size effects. Using long‐term data pooled from multiple bat box monitoring schemes across the U.K., we investigated segregation patterns in maternity roosts of three vespertilionid bat species, Bechstein’s bat,Myotis bechsteinii,Natterer’s bat,M. nattereriand brown long‐eared bat,Plecotus auritus. We used the Sexual Segregation and Aggregation Statistic (SSAS) to evaluate temporal trends of sexual segregation of roosts over the reproductive period (divided into pre‐parturition, lactation and post‐lactation periods). Additionally, we used generalized linear mixed models and beta regression models to investigate the effect of group size on segregation patterns. Our results showed that the size of the maternity group was an important covariate of inter‐ and intra‐sexual segregation, with males and non‐breeding females typically segregated from large maternity groups across all three periods. Additionally, we demonstrate that reproductive condition and period influence segregation patterns, with breeding females segregated from non‐breeding females and males during the lactation period. Although sexual segregation may be caused by multiple mechanisms, our results show that group size, female reproductive condition and time period are key factors associated with segregation within bat roosts. These findings make a valuable contribution to the understanding of inter‐ and intra‐sexual segregation in vespertilionid bats and complement existing research on segregation in other mammalian taxa, providing further evidence that sexual size dimorphism is not a prerequisite for sexual segregation.
Equilibrium concepts for time‐inconsistent stopping problems in continuous time
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Zhang Jingjie , Zhou Zhou 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new notion of equilibrium, which we call strong equilibrium, is introduced for time‐inconsistent stopping problems in continuous time. Compared to the existing notions introduced in Huang, Y.‐J., & Nguyen‐Huu, A. (2018, Jan 01). Time‐consistent stopping under decreasing impatience. Finance and Stochastics, 22(1), 69–95 and Christensen, S., & Lindensjö, K. (2018). On finding equilibrium stopping times for time‐inconsistent markovian problems. SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, 56(6), 4228–4255, which in this paper are called mild equilibrium and weak equilibrium, respectively, a strong equilibrium captures the idea of subgame perfect Nash equilibrium more accurately. When the state process is a continuous‐time Markov chain and the discount function is log subadditive, we show that an optimal mild equilibrium is always a strong equilibrium. Moreover, we provide a new iteration method that can directly construct an optimal mild equilibrium and thus also prove its existence.
Must We Love Non-Human Animals?: A Post-Laudato Si Thomistic Perspective
Authors: Berkman John 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrawing especially on Aquinas and Pope Francis, the paper argues that Christians are indeed called to love non-human animals. Human love (amor) for non-human animals follows from the Trinitarian example of divine love (amor), and includes affection, dilection, benevolence, and thus charity as friendship. Love for and fraternity with non-human animals constitutes a necessary dimension of Christian conversion. The specific form this love takes depends on the particular natures inherent in different species. So to show love to a dog will be very different from showing love to a wolf, which is in turn very different from how one shows love to a chicken, or to a frog, and so on.
Assessment of mustard vesicant lung injury and anti‐TNF‐α efficacy in rodents using live‐animal imaging
Authors: Murray Alexa , Gow Andrew J. , Venosa Alessandro , Andres Jaclynn , Malaviya Rama , Adler Derek , Yurkow Edward , Laskin Jeffrey D. , Laskin Debra L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNitrogen mustard (NM) causes acute lung injury, which progresses to fibrosis. This is associated with a macrophage‐dominant inflammatory response and the production of proinflammatory/profibrotic mediators, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α). Herein, we refined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging methodologies to track the progression of NM‐induced lung injury in rodents and assess the efficacy of anti‐TNF‐α antibody in mitigating toxicity. Anti‐TNF‐α antibody was administered to rats (15 mg/kg, every 8 days, intravenously) beginning 30 min after treatment with phosphate‐buffered saline control or NM (0.125 mg/kg, intratracheally). Animals were imaged by MRI and CT prior to exposure and 1–28 days postexposure. Using MRI, we characterized acute lung injury and fibrosis by quantifying high‐signal lung volume, which represents edema, inflammation, and tissue consolidation; these pathologies were found to persist for 28 days following NM exposure. CT scans were used to assess structural components of the lung and to register changes in tissue radiodensities. CT scans showed that in control animals, total lung volume increased with time. Treatment of rats with NM caused loss of lung volume; anti‐TNF‐α antibody mitigated this decrease. These studies demonstrate that MRI and CT can be used to monitor lung disease and the impact of therapeutic intervention.
Applying the theory of motivated information management to family health history
Authors: Kuang Kai , Gettings Patricia E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study applied the theory of motivated information management (TMIM) to examine how married couples manage uncertainty about partners' family health history. Spouses reported (N = 626) on TMIM variables and information seeking/provision at Time 1 and on actual information seeking/provision behavior 3 weeks later. Findings largely supported paths proposed in the TMIM, but the model did not predict actual information management behaviors. As the first TMIM study to analyze dyadic, two‐wave data, results underscore the interdependent nature of information management processes in that seeker's efficacy assessments were associated with provider's direct information provision, and these effects were mediated by provider's perceptions of seeker efficacy assessments. Information seeker's perceptions did not play as significant a role in the process.