bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat amount and ambient temperature dictate patterns of anuran diversity along a subtropical elevational gradient
Authors: Carvalho‐Rocha Vítor , Peres Carlos A. , Neckel‐Oliveira Selvino 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimPatterns of diversity along elevational gradients are driven by species characteristics but remain poorly understood. Filling this gap is imperative given the deteriorating conservation status of anurans worldwide. Here, we examine frog diversity and species composition along a sharp subtropical elevational gradient and assess the degree to which these are determined by environmental and spatial predictors.LocationAn extensive southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest elevational gradient ranging from 300 to 1,800 m above sea level.MethodsWe sampled 38 ponds and used structural equation modelling to examine the direct and indirect effects of area, climate, habitat amount, habitat complexity and productivity on frog species richness and abundance. We also applied joint species distribution models to investigate the importance of these predictors on frog species composition using species distribution and co‐occurrence along the elevational gradient.ResultsWe recorded 12,636 individuals of 41 frog species. Frog species richness was highest at intermediate elevations, showing a hump‐shaped pattern. Frog abundance was highest at lowlands and decreased towards higher elevations. We found support for only the habitat amount hypothesis in explaining overall species richness. Although temperature had a positive influence on productivity and frog abundance, neither predictors were related to species richness. Species composition diverged markedly between lowland and highland frog assemblages, which was mainly attributed to differences in ambient temperature.Main conclusionElevations containing more extensive natural habitat areas retained the most species‐rich frog assemblages. The mid‐elevational peak is likely attributed to lowland habitat (<800 masl) heterogeneity and extreme climatic conditions in highland areas (>1,400 masl). The entire elevational gradient is, however, critical in maintaining anuran species diversity as lowland assemblages are distinct from those at mid‐ to high elevations. Our study also shows that anthropogenic habitat loss has a decisive effect on montane frog diversity, reinforcing the need to effectively protect these areas.
Light‐sheet microscopy‐based 3D single‐cell tracking reveals a correlation between cell cycle and the start of endoderm cell internalization in early zebrafish development
Authors: Kondow Akiko , Ohnuma Kiyoshi , Kamei Yasuhiro , Taniguchi Atsushi , Bise Ryoma , Sato Yoichi , Yamaguchi Hisateru , Nonaka Shigenori , Hashimoto Keiichiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractControlling the initiation of cell migration plays a fundamental role in shaping the tissue during embryonic development. During gastrulation in zebrafish, some mesendoderm cells migrate inward to form the endoderm as the innermost germ layer along the yolk syncytial layer. However, how the initiation of inward migration is regulated is poorly understood. In this study, we performed light‐sheet microscopy‐based 3D single‐cell tracking consisting of (a) whole‐embryo time‐lapse imaging with light‐sheet microscopy and (b) three‐dimensional single cell tracking in the zebrafish gastrula in which cells are marked with histone H2A‐mCherry (nuclei) and the sox17:EGFP transgene (expressed in endoderm cells). We analyzed the correlation between the timing of cell internalization and cell division. Most cells that differentiated into endoderm cells began to internalize during the first half of the cell cycle, where the length of a cell cycle was defined by the period between two successive cell divisions. By contrast, the timing of other internalized cells was not correlated with a certain phase of the cell cycle. These results suggest the possibility that cell differentiation is associated with the relationship between cell cycle progression and the start of internalization. Moreover, the 3D single‐cell tracking approach is useful for further investigating how cell migration is integrated with cell proliferation to shape tissues in zebrafish embryos.
Assessment of myocardial damage after acute myocardial infarction by diastolic deceleration time of coronary flow velocity using echocardiography and contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Imamura Sari , Hirata Kumiko , Takemoto Kazushi , Orii Makoto , Shimamura Kunihiro , Shiono Yasutsugu , Tanimoto Takashi , Matsuo Yoshiki , Ino Yasushi , Kitabata Hironori , Kubo Takashi , Tanaka Atsushi , Hozumi Takeshi , Akasaka Takashi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data available regarding the use of diastolic deceleration time (DDT) of three major arteries measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) for assessing coronary microvascular damage after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Therefore, we aimed to compare the DDT of three major arteries using TTE with the transmural extent of infarction (TEI) and infarct size, which were classified using contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI), in patients with AMI.MethodsThe DDT of the culprit coronary artery was measured in 74 patients using TTE and CE‐MRI 1 week after the onset of AMI. The TEI was graded based on the transmural extent of the hyper‐enhanced tissue (grades 1–4).ResultsThe assessable rate for the DDT was 95%; individual rates were 100% for the left anterior descending coronary artery, 90% for the left circumflex artery, and 93% for the right coronary artery. The DDT decreased gradually as the TEI grade progressed (P = .021). Infarct size was significantly correlated with the DDT (r = −0.51, P < .0001). Univariate analysis revealed that the left ventricular (LV) end‐systolic volume, LV ejection fraction, and DDT were significantly associated with TEI grade 4. After adjustment via multiple logistic regression analysis, the DDT was independently remained. With a cutoff value of 950ms, as determined by the ROC curve, DDT could detect TEI grade 4 with 81.1% sensitivity and 80.1% specificity.ConclusionThe DDT of three major coronary arteries measured by TTE 1 week after the onset of AMI can assess the extent of myocardial damage, which is determined by CE‐MRI.
From trials to clinical practice: Temporal trends in the coverage of specialized allied health services for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bloem Bastiaan R. , Eimers Marietta , van Galen Mirte S. , Munneke Marten , Darweesh Sirwan K. L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeTo determine how the coverage of specialized allied health services for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) has developed in the Netherlands since the publication of trials that demonstrated cost‐effectiveness.MethodsWe used healthcare expenditure‐based data on all insured individuals in the Netherlands to determine the annual proportion of patients with PD who received either specialized or generic allied health services (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech–language therapy) in 2 calendar years separated by a 5‐year interval (2012 and 2017). Specialized allied health services were delivered through the ParkinsonNet approach, which encompassed professional training and concentration of care among specifically trained professionals.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2017, there was an increase in the number of patients with any physiotherapy (from 17,843 [62% of all patients with PD that year] to 22,282 [68%]), speech–language therapy (from 2171 [8%] to 3378 [10%]), and occupational therapy (from 2813 [10%] to 5939 [18%]). Among therapy‐requiring patients, the percentage who were treated by a specialized therapist rose substantially for physiotherapy (from 36% in 2012 to 62% in 2017; χ2 = 2460.2; p < 0.001), speech–language therapy (from 59% to 85%; χ2 = 445.4; p < 0.001), and occupational therapy (from 61% to 77%; χ2 = 231.6; p < 0.001). By contrast, the number of patients with generic therapists did not change meaningfully. By 2017, specialized care delivery had extended to regions that had been poorly covered in 2012, essentially achieving nationwide coverage.ConclusionsFollowing the publication of positive trials, specialized allied healthcare delivery was successfully scaled for patients with PD in the Netherlands, potentially serving as a template for other healthcare innovations for patients with PD elsewhere.
Outcomes and long‐term mortality after basilar artery occlusion—A cohort with up to 20 years’ follow‐up
Authors: Ritvonen Juhani , Sairanen Tiina , Silvennoinen Heli , Virtanen Pekka , Salonen Oili , Lindsberg Perttu J. , Strbian Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe data on long‐term outcome after basilar artery occlusion (BAO) are scarce. Little is known about BAO survivors´ outcome over decades.AimWe set out to investigate long‐term survival and causes of death in BAO patients with up to two decades of follow‐up. We also evaluated differences in outcome trends.MethodsTwo hundred and seven BAO patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) at the Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, between 1995 and 2016, were analyzed. Short‐term outcome was assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months. Long‐term cumulative survival rate was analyzed using Kaplan−Meier analysis. Factors associated with mortality were analyzed with Cox regression.ResultsModerate outcome (mRS 0–3) was achieved in 41.1% and good outcome (mRS 0–2) in 30.4% of patients at 3 months. Three‐month mortality was 39.6%, of which 89% died within the first month. The median follow‐up time in 3‐month survivors was 8.9 years (maximum 21.8 years). Total mortality during follow‐up was 52.2%. Cumulative mortality rate was 25.7%. Older age, coronary artery disease and more extensive ischemic changes on admission brain imaging were independently associated with long‐term mortality. After the acute phase, the rate of other vascular causes of death increased in relation to stroke.ConclusionsThe described evolution of a large, single‐center BAO cohort shows a trend towards a higher rate of good and/or moderate outcome during later years in IVT‐treated patients. Survivors showed relative longevity, and the rate of cardiac and other vascular causes of death increased in relation to stroke sequelae over the long term.
Safety and efficacy of midazolam nasal spray for the treatment of intermittent bouts of increased seizure activity in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Spencer David C. , Sinha Saurabh R. , Choi Eun Jung , Cleveland Jody M. , King Aliceson , Meng Tze‐Chiang , Pullman William E. , Sequeira David J. , Van Ess Peter J. , Wheless James W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveMidazolam nasal spray (MDZ‐NS) is indicated for acute treatment of intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity (ie, seizure clusters, acute repetitive seizures) that are distinct from a patient's usual seizure pattern, in patients 12 years of age and older with epilepsy. This trial evaluated safety and efficacy of MDZ‐NS in patients with epilepsy who were admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit for seizure characterization/presurgical evaluation.MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 3 trial (P261‐301; NCT01999777), eligible patients with ≥2 seizures in the 6‐hour window preceding trial medication administration for whom treatment was appropriate based on investigator's judgment were randomized (1:1) to MDZ‐NS 5 mg or placebo. Efficacy outcomes were proportion of patients seizure‐free for 6 hours after treatment and time to first seizure within 6 hours. Safety and tolerability outcomes included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs).ResultsSixty‐two patients were randomized (MDZ‐NS n = 31; placebo n = 31), received trial medication, and completed the trial. A higher proportion of patients on MDZ‐NS than placebo were seizure‐free for 6 hours following treatment (54.8% vs 38.7%); however, the 16.1% difference was not statistically significant (P = .1972). The Kaplan‐Meier curve of time to first seizure showed separation of both groups in favor of MDZ‐NS from ~1.5 hours post‐dose and throughout the 6‐hour Treatment phase. Median time to first seizure was not estimable for MDZ‐NS (>50% of patients had no seizure) and 3.9 hours for placebo (P = .1388). TEAEs with MDZ‐NS were generally comparable to those with placebo. There were no deaths, serious TEAEs, or discontinuations due to TEAEs.SignificanceAlthough the observed treatment difference may be clinically meaningful, statistical significance was not demonstrated. Results suggest that MDZ‐NS 5 mg may provide improvement over placebo, with efficacy maintained for ≥6 hours post‐dose. MDZ‐NS was well tolerated in this population.
Status epilepticus admissions during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Salzburg—A population‐based study
Authors: Leitinger Markus , Poppert Kai‐Nicolas , Mauritz Matthias , Rossini Fabio , Zimmermann Georg , Rohracher Alexandra , Kalss Gudrun , Kuchukhidze Giorgi , Höfler Julia , Bosque Varela Pilar , Kreidenhuber Rudolf , Volna Kamila , Neuray Caroline , Kobulashvili Teia , Granbichler Claudia A. , Siebert Uwe , Trinka Eugen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeveral emergencies were admitted less frequently to the hospital during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. To investigate whether this also occurred with status epilepticus (SE) we compared admissions due to first SE from March to April 2020 (“Time of COVID,” TOC) with January to February 2020 (“pre‐COVID,” preCOV). We also compared admission numbers in TOC and preCOV with the respective 2‐month periods in 2018 and 2019 in a retrospective cohort analysis. Two investigators independently searched the hospital patient database for various forms of SE. There was no significant change in the 2‐month incidences of first SE in the city of Salzburg from preCOV of 6.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9‐12.3) to TOC of 6.9/100 000 adults (95% CI 3.4‐13.3). Admission numbers did not differ significantly from previous years. Estimated adjusted incidence was in line with a recent 5‐year epidemiological study in Salzburg. However, a trend toward less‐frequent nonconvulsive SE (NCSE) and loss of female predominance were indirect hints of underdiagnosing SE. In contrast to other medical conditions, SE most often presents clinically with impaired consciousness, which may promote admission to emergency departments even in times of lock‐down. Further research of medical support of women and patients with NCSE during pandemic‐related restrictions is warranted.
Cross talk between drug‐resistant epilepsy and the gut microbiome
Authors: Holmes Manisha , Flaminio Zia , Vardhan Mridula , Xu Fangxi , Li Xin , Devinsky Orrin , Saxena Deepak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne‐third of epilepsy patients have drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE), which is often complicated by polydrug toxicity and psychiatric and cognitive comorbidities. Advances in understanding the microbiome and gut‐brain‐axis are likely to shed light on epilepsy pathogenesis, anti‐seizure medication (ASM) resistance, and potential therapeutic targets. Gut dysbiosis is associated with inflammation, blood‐brain barrier disruption, and altered neuromodulators. High‐throughput and metagenomic sequencing has advanced the characterization of microbial species and functional pathways. DRE patients show altered gut microbiome composition compared to drug‐sensitive patients and healthy controls. The ketogenic and modified Atkins diets can reduce seizures in some patients with DRE. These low‐carbohydrate dietary therapies alter the taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbiome, and composition varies between diet responders and nonresponders. Murine models suggest that specific phyla are necessary to confer efficacy from the diet, and antibiotic treatment may eliminate efficacy. The impact of diet might involve alterations in microbiota, promotion of select microbial interactions, and variance in brain neurotransmitter levels that then influence seizures. Understanding the mechanics of how diet manipulates seizures may suggest novel therapies. Most ASMs act on neuronal transmission via effects on ion channels and neurotransmitters. However, ASMs may also assert their effects via the gut microbiota. In animal models, the microbiota composition (eg, abundance of certain phyla) can vary with ASM active drug metabolites. Given the developing understanding of the gut microbiome in DRE, probiotics are another potential therapy. Probiotics alter the microbiota composition, and small studies suggest that these supplements can reduce seizures in some patients. DRE has enormous consequences to patients and society, and the gut microbiome holds promise as a potential therapeutic target. However, the exact mechanism and recognition of which patients are likely to be responders remain elusive. Further studies are warranted.
Paracrine roles of hormone receptors in Riehl’s melanosis: A quantitative analysis of oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression patterns
Authors: Woo Yu Ri , Jung Yujin , Jeong Seo Won , Park Hyun Jeong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe incidence of Riehl's melanosis (RM) is most common in the fifth or sixth decade of life with a female preponderance. As the skin is regarded a non‐reproductive organ on which sex steroid hormones act, a possible relationship between the pathogenesis of RM and sex steroid hormone receptors can be inferred. This study intended to evaluate the expression profile of oestrogen receptor (ER)β and progesterone receptor (PR) in RM. Twelve lesional and perilesional normal‐appearing skin samples of RM patients and the skin of 12 healthy controls were retrieved for the analysis. Real‐time PCR analysis and immunohistochemical studies were conducted for ERβ and PR, respectively. The lesional and perilesional normal‐appearing skin of 12 patients with RM and the skin of 12 healthy controls were retrieved for the analysis. Interestingly, the dermal ERβ immunostaining intensity was increased more in lesional skin than in perilesional skin. When compared to healthy controls, increased expression of ERβ and PR mRNAs was observed in the lesional skin of patients with RM. Of note, epidermal and dermal ERβ and dermal PR expressions showed increased staining intensities in the lesional skin of RM patients compared with healthy controls. The altered expression of ERβ and PR in RM supports the possible role of these hormone receptors in the pathogenesis of RM.
Parenting Among Rohingya and Afghan Refugee Parents Residing in Malaysia
Authors: Shaw Stacey A. , Pillai Veena , Yang Chongming , Saasa Sherinah 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study examined the measurement properties of parenting‐related measures among 140 Rohingya and Afghan refugee parents residing in Malaysia, then examined factors associated with these parenting outcomes.BackgroundUnprecedented numbers of forced migrant families reside in countries of first asylum with temporary status and limited legal rights. Limited research examines parenting experiences among these communities.MethodTo examine construct validity and reliability of parenting‐related measures among this sample, we carried out confirmatory factor analysis to examine respectively the factor structure of scales measuring underlying latent constructs of Child Adjustment & Parent Efficacy, the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, and the Family Functioning Scale. Their associations with individual (gender, age, ethnicity, education), social (marital status, number of children), and environmental factors (time in Malaysia, food insecurity, employment, and emotional distress) were examined using structural equation modeling.ResultsResiding in Malaysia for a longer period of time was associated with higher child behavioral intensity, lower parent self‐efficacy, and higher family conflict. Food insecurity was associated with lower parent self‐efficacy, and being employed was associated with positive parenting as well as poor supervision. Higher levels of emotional distress were associated with higher child behavioral intensity, lower parent self‐efficacy, and lower levels of poor supervision.ConclusionDisplacement challenges negatively affect refugee parents and families.ImplicationsSolutions are needed that bolster the abilities of forced migrants to establish permanence and provide for their families. Additionally, attention toward the unique challenges of refugee families can guide service provision within countries of first asylum.
Developing a patient safety guide for primary care: A co‐design approach involving patients, carers and clinicians
Authors: Morris Rebecca L. , Ruddock Angela , Gallacher Kay , Rolfe Carly , Giles Sally , Campbell Stephen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients and carers should be actively involved in patient safety and empowered to use person‐centred approaches where they are asked to both identify safety concerns and partner in preventing them.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to co‐design a patient safety guide for primary care (PSG‐PC) to support patients and carers to address key patient safety questions and identify key points where they can make their care safer. The objectives were to i) identify when and how patients and carers can be involved in primary care patient safety, and ii) identify the relevant information to include in the PSG‐PC.DesignAn experience‐based co‐design approach.Setting and ParticipantsWe conducted three workshops with patients, carers, community pharmacists and general practitioners to develop and refine the PSG‐PC.ResultsParticipants identified both explicit and implicit issues of primary care patient safety especially relating to technical and relational components of involving patients and carers. The importance of communication, understanding roles and responsibilities, and developing partnerships between patients and health‐care providers were considered essential for actively involving patients in patient safety. Co‐developing the PSG‐PC provided insight to improve care to develop the PSG‐PC.DiscussionThe PSG‐PC is the first guide to be developed for primary care, co‐designed with patients, carers, general practitioners and pharmacists. The PSG‐PC will support patients and carers to partner with health‐care professionals to improve patient safety addressing international and national priorities to continuously improve patient safety.