bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective evaluation of health‐related quality of life after skull base re‐irradiation
Authors: Bahig Houda , Ng Sweet P. , Pollard Courtney , Nguyen Theresa P. , Gunn Gary B. , Rosenthal David I. , Fuller Clifton D. , Frank Steven J. , Garden Adam S. , Reddy Jay P. , Morrison William H. , Ferrarotto Renata , Hanna Ehab Y. , DeMonte Franco , Su Shirley Y. , Phan Jack 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo report cancer control outcomes and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes after highly conformal skull‐based re‐irradiation (re‐RT).MethodsPatients planned for curative intent re‐RT to a recurrent or new skull base tumor were enrolled. HRQoL were assessed using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor (MDASI‐BT) and the anterior skull base surgery quality of life (ASBQ) questionnaires.ResultsThirty‐nine patients were treated with stereotactic body RT or intensity modulated RT. Median follow‐up was 14 months. Progression free survival was 71% at 1‐year. There was mild clinically significant worsening of fatigue, lack of appetite and drowsiness (MDASI‐BT), and physical function (ASBQ) at the end of RT, followed by recovery to baseline on subsequent follow‐ups. Subjective emotions were clinically improved at 12 months, with patients reporting feeling less tense/nervous.ConclusionConformal skull base re‐RT is associated with mild immediate deterioration in physical function followed by rapid and sustained recovery.
Cu2MgO3 Electronic and Magnetic Properties – a DFT Study
Authors: Yekutiel Mivsam , Kukliansky Alon , Natan Amir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigate the properties of Guggenite‐α Cu2MgO3, which has an experimentally measured energy gap of approximately 1 eV. The band gap of Cu2MgO3, which is in the solar spectrum range makes it a potential candidate for photovoltaic applications. We calculate with PBE+U and LDA+U, and the SCAN functionals, the structure, formation energy and electronic structure of Cu2MgO3 in its anti‐ferromagnetic ground state and in the ferromagnetic phase. Finally we discuss the formation energy and band gap dependence on the U‐J Hubbard potential and compare our results to experiment.
Longitudinal structural MRI analysis and classification in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Zhang Yingteng , Liu Shenquan , Yu Xiaoli 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarly diagnosis or detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial so as to intervene in advance and to better understand the neurodegenerative process. Gray matter volume (GMV) plays an important role in demonstrating unique anatomical characteristics of the brain regions and further differentiates AD, MCI and normal control (NC). In this study, 317 subjects (100 NC, 58 stable MCI (sMCI), 53 converted MCI (cMCI) and 106 AD) are selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. First, the differences of GMV patterns among the between‐group comparisons at different time points and the development of longitudinal pattern within the same group are compared. Next, the longitudinal feature combination strategy is applied to construct the classification model by using a support vector machine (SVM) combined with the nested leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV) method. The brain structure experiences a gradual change in the process of developing from NC to AD. In addition, the baseline GMV combined with the longitudinal measurements for 2 years of follow‐up data yielded optimal classification results. Specifically, the AD‐NC comparison achieves the best classification performance with 98.06% accuracy, 97.17% sensitivity, 99.00% specificity, 99.04% positive predictive value (PPV) and 97.06% negative predictive value (NPV). The comparison of the two subtypes of MCI (ie, sMCI and cMCI) also achieves high accuracy. Other between‐group comparisons also receive high classification performance. According to statistics, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, temporal pole and lenticular putamen are the most important contribution areas to the between‐group comparisons. Our research has the potential to improve the clinical diagnosis of subtypes of MCI and predict the risk of its conversion to AD.
Measurement of the penetration of 56 cosmetic relevant chemicals into and through human skin using a standardized protocol
Authors: Hewitt Nicola J. , Grégoire Sébastien , Cubberley Richard , Duplan Hélène , Eilstein Joan , Ellison Corie , Lester Cathy , Fabian Eric , Fernandez Julien , Géniès Camille , Jacques‐Jamin Carine , Klaric Martina , Rothe Helga , Sorrell Ian , Lange Daniela , Schepky Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOECD test guideline 428 compliant protocol using human skin was used to test the penetration of 56 cosmetic‐relevant chemicals. The penetration of finite doses (10 μL/cm2) of chemicals was measured over 24 hours. The dermal delivery (DD) (amount in the epidermis, dermis and receptor fluid [RF]) ranged between 0.03 ± 0.02 and 72.61 ± 8.89 μg/cm2. The DD of seven chemicals was comparable with in vivo values. The DD was mainly accounted for by the amount in the RF, although there were some exceptions, particularly of low DD chemicals. While there was some variability due to cell outliers and donor variation, the overall reproducibility was very good. As six chemicals had to be applied in 100% ethanol due to low aqueous solubility, we compared the penetration of four chemicals with similar physicochemical properties applied in ethanol and phosphate‐buffered saline. Of these, the DD of hydrocortisone was the same in both solvents, while the DD of propylparaben, geraniol and benzophenone was lower in ethanol. Some chemicals displayed an infinite dose kinetic profile; whereas, the cumulative absorption of others into the RF reflected the finite dosing profile, possibly due to chemical volatility, total absorption, chemical precipitation through vehicle evaporation or protein binding (or a combination of these). These investigations provide a substantial and consistent set of skin penetration data that can help improve the understanding of skin penetration, as well as improve the prediction capacity of in silico skin penetration models.
SERS‐based biosensor for Alzheimer disease evaluation through the fast analysis of human serum
Authors: Carlomagno Cristiano , Cabinio Monia , Picciolini Silvia , Gualerzi Alice , Baglio Francesca , Bedoni Marzia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, progressively affecting the cognitive functions with a complex diagnostic procedure that limits the time for a prompt intervention. In this study we optimized a reliable protocol for the analysis of AD patients and healthy subjects' serum using the Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), taking into consideration the effect of different variables on the final spectra, analyzed and compared through multivariate analysis and correlated with hippocampus volume. As results, we demonstrated a statistical difference between the spectra collected from the two investigated groups, with an accuracy, precision and specificity of respectively 83%, 86%, and 86%. The correlation of these data with those obtained from MRI, demonstrated a direct correlation between Raman spectra and hippocampus degeneration showing the Raman Spectroscopy (RS) as a potential tool for the monitoring of AD progression and rehabilitation treatments.
In vivo monitoring of rashes caused by systemic lupus erythematosus disease using snapshot spectral imaging
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lei Hongwei , Zhu Shuaishuai , Li Wei , Lin Jie , Zhang Jianlong , Li Yang , Jin Peng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMonitoring the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is important to patient management. Blood biochemical indexes are commonly assessed but are both time demanding and traumatizing. In this study, a noninvasive and real‐time spatial‐spectral data tool was used to monitor SLE patients through rash spectral data. To build the relationship between the rash spectrum changes and changes in the patients' status, a snapshot hyperspectral Fourier transform imaging spectrometer was built to monitor the rash reflectance changes of hospitalized SLE patients. A simple rash activity index (RAI) which was normally distributed with the doctor's visual rating of rash severity was calculated from hyperspectral images. The sensitivity of the change in RAI is higher than complement 3/4 levels. RAI and anti‐dsDNA antibodies both decreased as the patients recovered. Anti‐dsDNA and complement 3/4 were important indicators of SLE activity suggesting that the RAI directly correlated with patient status. The snapshot spectrometer therefore provides an auxiliary method to monitor SLE disease.
A risk scoring system for the decreased glomerular filtration rate in Chinese general population
Authors: Gu Yan , Chen Min , Zhu Bei , Pei Xiaohua , Yong Zhenzhu , Li Xiaona , Zhang Qun , Zhao Weihong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to establish a risk scoring system for the decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Chinese general population.MethodsTotally 781 participants who underwent a health checkup in The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January to September 2017 were involved in the study. Significant variables chosen by multivariable logistic regression analysis were allocated the integral scores in proportion to its odds ratio (OR), and then the risk of decreased GFR was assessed based on the scores.ResultsThe people with abnormal homocysteine (Hcy) level (OR: 1.534, 95% confidential interval [CI]: 1.075‐2.190, P = .018), males (OR: 2.054, 95%CI: 1.365‐3.092, P < .001), and those at the age of 46‐52 years (OR: 2.943, 95%CI: 1.546‐5.605, P = .001), 52‐59 years (OR: 3.664, 95%CI: 1.937‐6.931, P < .001) and ≥59 years (OR: 13.452, 95%CI: 7.339‐24.657, P < .001) were subjected to GFR reduction. These three variables were allocated the integral scores in proportion to its OR, and four risk categories were divided according to the scores. The prevalence of the decreased GFR in people with low (score 0‐4, n = 8), below the average (score 4‐6, n = 37), above the average (score 6‐13, n = 47), and high risks (score ≥ 13, n = 103) was 5.26%, 16.89%, 22.93% and 50.24%, respectively, and this prevalence raised with the increase of scores (P < .001).ConclusionsA risk scoring system is developed in this study, which may offer a specific risk stratification for GFR reduction in Chinese general population.
Switches in histone modifications epigenetically control vitamin D3‐dependent transcriptional upregulation of the CYP24A1 gene in osteoblastic cells
Authors: Moena Daniel , Merino Paola , Lian Jane B. , Stein Gary S. , Stein Janet L. , Montecino Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn bone cells vitamin D dependent regulation of gene expression principally occurs through modulation of gene transcription. Binding of the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) induces conformational changes in its C‐terminal domain enabling competency for interaction with physiologically relevant coactivators, including SRC‐1. Consequently, regulatory complexes can be assembled that support intrinsic enzymatic activities with competency to posttranslationally modify chromatin histones at target genomic sequences to epigenetically alter transcription. Here we examine specific transitions in representation and/or enrichment of epigenetic histone marks during 1,25(OH)2D3 mediated upregulation of CYP24A1 gene expression in osteoblastic cells. This gene encodes the 24‐hydroxylase enzyme, essential for biological control of vitamin D levels. We demonstrate that as the CYP24A1 gene promoter remains transcriptionally silent, there is enrichment of H4R3me2s together with its “writing” enzyme PRMT5 and decreased abundance of the istone H3 and H4 acetylation, H3R17me2a, and H4R3me2a marks as well as of their corresponding “writers.” Exposure of osteoblastic cells to 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulates the recruitment of a VDR/SRC‐1 containing complex to the CYP24A1 promoter to mediate increased H3/H4 acetylation. VDR/SRC‐1 binding occurs concomitant with the release of PRMT5 and the recruitment of the arginine methyltransferases CARM1 and PRMT1 to catalyze the deposition of the H3R17me2a and H4R3me2a marks, respectively. Our results indicate that these dynamic transitions of histone marks at the CYP24A1 promoter, provide a “chromatin context” that is transcriptionally competent for activation of the CYP24A1 gene in osteoblastic cells in response to 1,25(OH)2D3.
Sprint speed is unaffected by dietary manipulation in trained male Anolis carolinensis lizards
Authors: Lailvaux Simon P. , Cespedes Ann M. , Weber William D. , Husak Jerry F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPerformance traits are energetically costly, and their expression and use can drive trade‐offs with other energetically costly life‐history traits. However, different performance traits incur distinct costs and may be sensitive to both resource limitation and to the types of resources that are accrued. Protein is likely to be especially important for supporting burst performance traits such as sprint speed, but the effect of varying diet composition on sprint training in lizards, an emerging model system for exercise training, is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the response to sprint training is sensitive to both the type and amount of resources in Anolis carolinensis. We also measured bite force across all treatments as a control whole‐organism performance trait that should be unaffected by locomotor training. Both mass and bite force are reduced by dietary restriction over the course of 9 weeks of sprint training, but sprint speed is unaffected by either training or dietary restriction relative to controls. Furthermore, protein supplementation does not rescue a decline in either mass or bite force in trained, diet‐restricted males. These results contrast with those for endurance training, and suggest that sprint speed is more canalized than either endurance or bite force in green anoles.
Randomized clinical trial evaluating single maxillary gingival recession treatment with connective tissue graft and tunnel or trapezoidal flap: 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Neves Felipe Lucas da Silva , Augusto Silveira Camila , Mathias‐Santamaria Ingrid Fernandes , Miguel Manuela Maria Viana , Ferraz Laís Fernanda Ferreira , Casarin Renato Correa Viana , Sallum Enilson Antônio , Tatakis Dimitris N. , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe literature lacks long‐term evidence regarding outcomes of the coronally advanced tunnel flap (TUN) combined with connective tissue graft (CTG) when compared to the trapezoidal coronally advanced flap (CAF) and CTG combination. This study presents 2‐year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing CTG combined with either CAF or TUN in the treatment of single maxillary gingival recession (GR) defects.MethodsThirty‐nine patients, each contributing a single Miller Class I or II GR defect, were treated by CAF+CTG (control; n = 19) or TUN+CTG (test; n = 20) and completed the 2‐year follow up. Clinical, patient centered, and esthetic evaluations were performed and differences among groups were analyzed.ResultsAt 2 years, mean root coverage for control and test group was 89.5% ± 14.6% and 87.7% ± 18.4%, respectively (P = 0.5). The corresponding complete root coverage prevalence was 68.4% and 50% (P = 0.4). Dentin hypersensitivity significantly decreased for both groups. The two groups showed improvement in esthetics, as assessed by both professionals and patients, without significant intergroup differences (P > 0.5). TUN+CTG sites were much more likely to present improvement in root coverage between 6 months and 2 years, exhibiting creeping attachment of 0.7 ± 0.6 mm.ConclusionsAt 2 years of follow up, both CAF+CTG and TUN+CTG resulted in significant clinical and esthetic improvements and provided similar results in the treatment of single maxillary GRs.
High‐Speed Large‐Field Multifocal Illumination Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Chen Zhenyue , Mc Larney Benedict , Rebling Johannes , Deán‐Ben Xosé Luis , Zhou Quanyu , Gottschalk Sven , Razansky Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScanning optical microscopy techniques are commonly restricted to a sub‐millimeter field‐of‐view (FOV) or otherwise employ slow mechanical translation, limiting their applicability for imaging fast biological dynamics occurring over large areas. A rapid scanning large‐field multifocal illumination (LMI) fluorescence microscopy technique is devised based on a beam‐splitting grating and an acousto‐optic deflector synchronized with a high‐speed camera to attain real‐time fluorescence microscopy over a centimeter‐scale FOV. Owing to its large depth of focus, the approach allows noninvasive visualization of perfusion across the entire mouse cerebral cortex, not achievable with conventional wide‐field fluorescence microscopy methods. The new concept can readily be incorporated into conventional wide‐field microscopes to mitigate image blur due to tissue scattering and attain optimal trade‐off between spatial resolution and FOV. It further establishes a bridge between conventional wide‐field macroscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy, thus it is anticipated to find broad applicability in functional neuroimaging, in vivo cell tracking, and other applications looking at large‐scale fluorescent‐based biodynamics.
A Spray‐Filming Self‐Healing Hydrogel Fabricated from Modified Sodium Alginate and Gelatin as a Bacterial Barrier
Authors: Du Yan , Li Lin , Peng Haitao , Zheng Heng , Cao Shuang , Lv Guoyu , Yang Aiping , Li Hong , Liu Tielong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSelf‐healing hydrogels as wound dressings still face challenges in infection prevention, especially in the dressing of mass wounds, due to their inflexibility and the slow formation of the protective film on the wound. Therefore, designing a spray‐filming (rapid‐forming) hydrogel that can serve as a bacterial barrier is of particular significance in the development of wound dressings. Here, a self‐healing hydrogel based on adipic acid dihydrazide‐modified gelatin (Gel‐ADH) and monoaldehyde‐modified sodium alginate(SA‐mCHO) is prepared. Using dynamic, Schiff base bonds, the hydrogels exhibit excellent self‐healing properties. Moreover, the gelation time of SA‐mCHO/Gel‐ADH (SG) hydrogels is shortened to 2–21 s, resulting in rapid filming by spraying the two precursor solutions. In addition, the rapid spray‐filming ability might offer sufficient flexibility and rapidity for dealing with mass and irregular wounds. Notably, the bacterial barrier experiments show that the SG hydrogel films could form an effective barrier to Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans for 12 h. Therefore, SG hydrogels could be used in wound dressings and they show great promise in applications associated with mass and irregular traumas.
New substitution bases for complexity classes
Authors: Mazzanti Stefano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe set , the closure of F, is the closure with respect to substitution and concatenation recursion on notation of a set of basic functions comprehending the set F. By improving earlier work, we show that is the substitution closure of a simple function set and characterize well‐known function complexity classes as the substitution closure of finite sets of simple functions.
Quantum cytosensor for early detection of cancer
Authors: Ganesh Swarna , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan , Tan Bo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCurrent use of graphene quantum dot for cancer detection is highly impeded by the low Raman cross‐section and used as a carrier for plasmonic materials. Hence, there is a need for a sensor an efficient Raman cross‐section, with maintaining the cellular homeostasis to attain accurate detection. Here, we report a SERS‐activated graphene oxide (GO) quantum Cytosensor for whole cell cancer detection capable for the early detection of cancer down to a single cellular level. On approaching quantum scale, we achieved SERS activation of GO quantum dots by introducing the functionality of quantum confinement. By altering the density of functional groups on the surface, we facilitated accelerated self‐cellular uptake resulting in increased SERS sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate cancer detection by two approaches: biomarker detection in external environment and intracellular detection using three cell lines. The quantum Cytosensor advances cancer detection to the molecular level by sensing the complex biomolecular processes transpiring intracellularly to detect and differentiate cancerous attributes of a cell. We observed a 3000‐, 2500‐ and 3500‐fold increase in enhancement of DNA, RNA and protein, respectively. Discernment of SERS spectral signatures was obtained by employing machine learning techniques which primarily identified the differences between cancer cells and normal cells. The classification and clustering techniques provided a high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 84.83% with unparalleled accuracy of 92.3%. Detection of cancer down to a single cellular level using quantum Cytosensor via SERS integrated with machine learning provides a new stepping stone towards adoption of SERS‐based early detection of cancer.
The role of race and ethnicity in views toward and participation in genetic studies and precision medicine research in the United States: A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies
Authors: Fisher Elena R. , Pratt Rebekah , Esch Riley , Kocher Megan , Wilson Katie , Lee Whiwon , Zierhut Heather A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRacial/ethnic minority populations in the United States are consistently underrepresented in genetic research. Large‐scale public participation is required to ensure discoveries from precision medicine research are applicable to everyone. To evaluate views toward and facilitators of participation among minority populations in the United States, we conducted a systematic review of literature.MethodsSix databases were searched for articles published from 2005 to 2018 assessing minority populations’ views and/or willingness to participate in genetic research. A thematic framework was applied to extracted data to synthesize findings, and the Socio‐Ecological Model was used to evaluate papers.ResultsReview of 2,229 titles and abstracts identified 27 papers (n = 8 qualitative, n = 19 quantitative). Themes included knowledge of genetics, engagement in research, facilitators and barriers to participation, and cultural considerations. Understanding of genetics was low, yet the majority of participants were willing to participate in genetic research among all populations included in the literature (range: 57%–97%). Recommendations for research included utilizing community‐based participatory approaches, evaluating participants’ informational needs, incentivizing participation, and providing direct benefits (e.g., genetic test results).ConclusionResults could influence future study designs that incorporate all levels of the Socio‐Ecological Model and better meet the needs of underrepresented groups, thereby ensuring precision medicine research findings are applicable to all.