bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Durability of Linear Small‐Intestinal Growth Following Treatment Discontinuation of Long‐Acting Glucagon‐Like Peptide 2 (GLP‐2) Analogues
Authors: Hinchliffe Tierah , Pauline Mirielle L. , Wizzard Pamela R. , Nation Patrick N. , Brubaker Patricia , Campbell Jhenielle R. , Kim Yunji , Dimitriadou Violetta , Wales Paul W. , Turner Justine M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundShort‐bowel syndrome is the leading cause of pediatric intestinal failure, resulting in dependency on long‐term parenteral nutrition (PN). To promote enteral autonomy in neonates, a key outcome may be intestinal growth in length. The purpose of this study was to determine if intestinal lengthening persists following discontinuation of treatment with 1 of 2 GLP‐2 analogues with different pharmacokinetic profiles.MethodsNeonatal short‐bowel piglets were assigned to saline control (S), 7‐day treatment with teduglutide (T) (0.05 mg/kg twice daily), or 7‐day treatment with apraglutide (A) (5 mg/kg twice weekly). Comparisons were made between day 7 and day 14 endpoints using analysis of variance. Data included small‐intestine length, weight, histology, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of mucosal transcripts for peptide growth factors and their receptors, nutrient transporters, and tight‐junction proteins.ResultsCompared with control, 7 days of GLP‐2 analogue treatment induced mucosal adaptation based on villus hyperplasia (P = .003), which was not durable 7 days after treatment cessation (day 14; P = .081). Treatment increased intestinal growth in length by day 7 (P = .005), which was maintained (by T) or further increased (by A) at day 14 (P < .001). No significant differences in mucosal transcripts were detected.ConclusionUnlike mucosal adaptation, intestinal growth appears to be a lasting outcome of treatment with long‐acting GLP‐2 analogues in a neonatal piglet short‐bowel model. This has significant clinical implications for neonates, given their potential for intestinal growth. Intestinal lengthening varies between analogues with different half‐lives; however, molecular mechanisms require further elucidation.
Frequency and nature of drug‐related problems in patients with acute coronary syndrome: role of the clinical pharmacist in coronary care practice
Authors: Gona Oliver Joel , Shambu Sunil Kumar , Madhan Ramesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) often have associated problems either as a reason or as a corollary of the disease and drug‐related problems (DRPs) are more likely to precipitate despite the presence of standard guidelines. This research is intended to evaluate the nature and extent of DRPs and examine their clinical significance in the presence of a clinical pharmacist.MethodsA clinical pharmacist‐initiated cross‐sectional study was carried out in the Department of Cardiology unit in a tertiary care teaching hospital for a year. The patient's medications were audited for DRPs using PCNE V 8.0.1 and drug‐interactions by Micromedex. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied whenever required by using SPSS v 25.0.ResultsA total of 1120 patients screened, 432 patients were enrolled in the study by obtaining consent. The majority were in the age group 41–60 years of whom (294 (68.05 %)) were males. DRPs (367) were identified in (225 (52%)) patients of which (243 (66.13%) were due to problems in prescription, 27 (1.90%) treatment duration, followed by dispensing 43 (11.71%), drug use process 41 (11.17%) and patient‐related 38 (10.35%)). The overall incidence of DRPs was 51.85%. Most risk factors were associated with DRPs (p < 0.0001).ConclusionDrug‐related problems are common in patients with acute coronary syndrome due to comorbidities and its related polypharmacy. Physician and clinical pharmacist collaboration can help in the early detection of DRPs, and alleviate the adversities emphasising optimal pharmacotherapeutic management.
Synthesis of Sustainable Polyesters via Organocatalytic Ring‐Opening Polymerization of O‐carboxyanhydrides: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Wang Jianqun , Tao Youhua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSustainable polyesters can be furnished via ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of O‐carboxyanhydrides (OCAs). Various catalysts, especially metal‐based catalysts, are devised to achieve controlled ROP of OCAs. In the following mini review, the recent progress on the organocatalytic ROP of OCAs, including the usage of thiourea‐based bifunctional single‐molecule organocatalysts for eliminating epimerization in OCAs polymerization is summarized. Moreover, the future development of the organocatalytic ROP of OCAs for the synthesis of sustainable polyesters will be discussed.
A residual power series method for solving pseudo hyperbolic partial differential equations with nonlocal conditions
Authors: Modanli Mahmut , Abdulazeez Sadeq Taha , Husien Ahmad Muhamad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article will give the residual power series method (RPSM) for solving pseudo hyperbolic partial differential equations with nonlocal conditions, RPSM is essentially based on general formula of Taylor series with residual error function. A new analytical solution is investigated. The analytical solution is designed to find the approximation solutions by RPSM and compare the obtained results from the current method with the exact solution that detects the precision, reliability, and rapid convergence of the proposed method. Finally at different times through the graphical representation of obtained results are given.
A study on fractional predator–prey–pathogen model with Mittag–Leffler kernel‐based operators
Authors: Ghanbari Behzad , Kumar Sunil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to present a novel study on the dynamics of a fractional predator–prey–pathogen model to investigate the existence of the chaos in the model. We applied the Atangana–Baleanu fractional operator to the predator–prey–pathogen model, and new results are presented. Furthermore, the stability of the equilibrium points of the proposed model is investigated. The convergence and uniqueness of the solution for the model are also studied. Few numerical simulations have been performed for both predator, and prey populations. Some interesting chaotic behaviors of predator and prey populations of the model are also obtained by using an effective numerical scheme. Furthermore, corresponding numerical simulations were achieved for the various values of the fractional derivative.
Development of a bubble growth model for natural rubber‐based foams
Authors: Ferasat Hessam , Fasihi Mohammad , Ghoreishy Mir Hamid Reza , Ajorloo Mojtaba 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe modeling of bubble growth was employed as a technique to control the cellular structure and by taking the equations of bubble growth and rubber curing into account simultaneously, the instantaneous radius of cells as a function of time was predicted. Side‐by‐side solves of the Kamal–Sourour kinetic model, as well as the heat transfer equation, led to the development of temperature variation function. Also, the predictions of the employed model concerning the effects of different parameters like the temperature of the foaming process, the level of foaming agent, and various physical attributes such as viscosity, gas diffusion coefficient, thermal conductivity, density, and surface tension on the bubble growth and radius alterations were analyzed. Based on the obtained scanning electron microscopy image from the cellular structure, there was only a 15% disparity between the predicted and experimental data about the bubble radius. Contrary to temperature, viscosity, and thermal conductivity, an increment in the level of foaming agent, diffusion coefficient, and density caused a rise of bubble radius. Also, the surface tension had an insignificant impact on the volume of the bubbles. Based on the findings, the applied model has proper credibility and can predict the influences of the abovementioned factors with satisfying accuracy.
Using ways of knowing in nursing to develop educational strategies that support knowledge mobilization
Authors: Swift Amelia , Twycross Alison 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere are continued challenges in achieving effective pain management for children and young people (CYP). Research has found several barriers to effective CYP pain management, which include, but are not limited to, deficiencies in knowledge among nurses and other healthcare professionals. Calls for improvements in and an increase in pain education ensue, in the expectation that an increase in knowledge will lead to an improved pain care for patients. Educational initiatives, as reported in the literature, have tended to focus on increasing empirical knowledge which has not resulted in the anticipated improvements in practice. An exploration of Carper's and Chinn & Kramer's five ways of knowing helps demonstrate why an over‐reliance on empirics fails to equip nurses for the realities of clinical practice and does not facilitate knowledge mobilization or improvements in pain care for CYP. In this paper, we explore these ways of knowing to produce a model for knowledge mobilization in (pain) education. Our model puts forward a multifaceted approach to education using the active learning principles which supports and equip nurses to become effective pain practitioners.
Facile Preparation and Excellent Ultraviolet Shielding Application of Polyurethane‐TiO2 Composite Microcapsules
Authors: Hong Wei , Wang Ran , Li Na , Gao Le , Jiao Tifeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, butyl stearate, isophorone diisocyanate, and glycerol are used to prepare reticulated polyurethane microcapsules using interfacial polymerization. In addition, anatase nano‐TiO2 is added to prepare TiO2‐polyurethane phase change microcapsules during the polymerization process. Polarized light microscope, scanning electron microscope, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric, differential scanning calorimeter, and other methods demonstrate the successful preparation of microcapsules, and microcapsules with different TiO2 content have differences in morphology and performance. It is worth noting that the addition of TiO2 enhances the thermal stability and mechanical strength of the prepared composite microcapsules. In addition, TiO2 particles allow the microcapsules to have photocatalytic properties and ultraviolet shielding properties, and the prepared TiO2‐polyurethane composite capsules show good catalytic degradation properties for methyl orange solution. Moreover, the ultraviolet absorption performance of the TiO2‐polyurethane composite microcapsule coating is tested, and the results show that the strength of ultraviolet light is weakened after passing through the coating, indicating that the composite microcapsule can enhance the UV resistance of the coating. This work shows the preparation of multifunctional microcapsules and their potential applications in photocatalysis and UV resistance.
Secondary pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis accompanied with panhypopituitarism
Authors: Miyashita Tatsuyuki , Yamazaki Susumu , Ohta Hiromitsu , Nakamura Hidetoshi , Nagata Makoto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 65‐year‐old man presented to our hospital with complaint of acute dyspnoea. He smoked 30 cigarettes per day from age 20 to 52 years. Immunocytochemical findings revealed 6.3% of positive CD1a cells in the cell fraction of bronchoalveolar lavage, thus suggesting a diagnosis of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH), after nine years since the first suspicion of PLCH. Furthermore, he was diagnosed with secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) caused by progressed PLCH by right heart catheterization. At 59 years of age, he was diagnosed with panhypopituitarism, and persistent hormone replacement therapy was subsequently started by an endocrinologist. After the initiation of oxygen therapy and treatment with a combination of sildenafil and warfarin, an estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure reduced 97.9 to 64.0 mmHg. We believed this is a rare case of PLCH with irreversible central nervous system (CNS) disorder in whom severe PH developed due to a long‐term burden of PLCH in a middle‐aged male.
Predicting soil organic matter nitrogen mineralization
Authors: Gilmour John T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to develop a model for soil organic matter (SOM) N mineralization that required minimal inputs, to test the model using independent datasets, and to determine if the results could be used in adjusting commercial N fertilizer recommendations. A first‐order model was adjusted monthly for differences in soil temperature and moisture. A daily time step was used to allow N mineralization estimates from one date to another. Simulations began in the month where temperature exceeded 10 °C. Model predictions were compared with those in published studies in northern California and Illinois. In the first California study, model predictions were near observed values in four of five locations. In the second California study, model predictions were within the 95% confidence interval of those based on laboratory incubation corrected for field temperature and moisture regimes. In a third study, unfertilized corn (Zea mays L.) yields were compared with seasonal N mineralization predictions plus N from the prior crop for 15 Illinois soils. The result was 32.0 kg corn kg−1 seasonal available N as compared with the typical value of 67.5 kg corn kg−1 commercial N fertilizer. Nitrogen mineralization predictions for Illinois soils were related to total N, suggesting that an equation could replace simulation modeling for a given soil–location combination. It is proposed that the N mineralization model, which has readily obtainable inputs (total N, bulk density, monthly weather), could be used in conjunction with field studies to refine commercial N fertilizer recommendations.
Hedge fund investor activism and human capital loss
Authors: Chen Guoli , Meyer‐Doyle Philipp , Shi Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch summary: Prior research suggests that hedge fund activism can benefit targeted firms. We explore a potential negative side‐effect of hedge fund activism: the unwanted loss of human capital in targeted firms. We find that firms targeted by hedge fund activists experience a greater departure of valuable employees compared with a matched sample of non‐targeted firms. Further, the positive effect of hedge fund activism on firm performance is stronger when firms experience a lower departure of valuable employees. These results suggest that hedge fund activism can lead to the unwanted loss of human capital, which may reduce the otherwise positive performance effect on targeted firms. These findings contribute to research on investor activism and human capital.Managerial summary: Hedge fund activism has been shown to benefit shareholders of targeted firms. We investigate a potential negative side‐effect of hedge fund activism: the unwanted loss of human capital in targeted firms. We find that targeted firms experience a greater departure of valuable employees when attacked by hedge fund activists, and that the positive performance effect of hedge fund activism is greater if that departure is smaller. Our results, together with additional analyses, are consistent with our argument that valuable employees decide to leave firms targeted by hedge fund activists to reduce the potential uncertainty and adversity for their careers, and that this human capital loss can harm firm performance. Our study has important implications for firms facing the potential prospect of hedge fund activism.
High Throughput and Highly Controllable Methods for In Vitro Intracellular Delivery
Authors: Brooks Justin , Minnick Grayson , Mukherjee Prithvijit , Jaberi Arian , Chang Lingqian , Espinosa Horacio D. , Yang Ruiguo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn vitro and ex vivo intracellular delivery methods hold the key for releasing the full potential of tissue engineering, drug development, and many other applications. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the design and implementation of intracellular delivery systems capable of delivery at the same scale as viral transfection and bulk electroporation but offering fewer adverse outcomes. This review strives to examine a variety of methods for in vitro and ex vivo intracellular delivery such as flow‐through microfluidics, engineered substrates, and automated probe‐based systems from the perspective of throughput and control. Special attention is paid to a particularly promising method of electroporation using micro/nanochannel based porous substrates, which expose small patches of cell membrane to permeabilizing electric field. Porous substrate electroporation parameters discussed include system design, cells and cargos used, transfection efficiency and cell viability, and the electric field and its effects on molecular transport. The review concludes with discussion of potential new innovations which can arise from specific aspects of porous substrate‐based electroporation platforms and high throughput, high control methods in general.
Nanocage‐Shaped Co3−xZrxO4 Solid‐Solution Supports Loaded with Pt Nanoparticles as Effective Catalysts for the Enhancement of Toluene Oxidation
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Chen Dongyun , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Hua , He Jinghui , Lu Jianmei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNanocage‐shaped Co3−xZrxO4 solid‐solution supports and the corresponding platinum loaded nanocomposites, yPt/Co3−xZrxO4 (x =0.27, 0.50, 0.69; y = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 wt.%), are successfully fabricated via a Cu2O nanocube hard template method and a glycol reduction method, respectively. The hollow nanocage structures obviously improve surface areas; moreover, the Zr doping forms the Co3−xZrxO4 solid‐solution supports, and the corresponding yPt/Co3−xZrxO4 catalysts promote the enhancement of catalytic performance. Catalytic activity toward toluene combustion is enhanced for the 2.0 wt% Pt/Co2.73Zr0.27O4 catalyst. The catalysts are characterized using multiple techniques. Pt nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed across the Co2.73Zr0.27O4 nanocage surface. The 2.0 wt% Pt/Co2.73Zr0.27O4 catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic activity among all the samples and demonstrates good stability, with 90% toluene conversion obtained at a temperature of 165 °C. The same catalyst accomplishes full toluene oxidation at 180 °C, at a weight hourly space velocity of 36 000 mL h−1 g−1. The apparent activation energy (Ea) over the yPt/Co2.73Zr0.27O4 samples are significantly lower than those over the Co3−xZrxO4 supports, with the 2.0 wt% Pt/Co2.73Zr0.27O4 catalyst exhibiting the lowest Ea value. These findings demonstrate the potential of the 2.0 wt% Pt/Co2.73Zr0.27O4 catalyst as a promising catalyst toward atmospheric toluene removal.
Clouds, radiation, and atmospheric circulation in the present‐day climate and under climate change
Authors: Voigt Aiko , Albern Nicole , Ceppi Paulo , Grise Kevin , Li Ying , Medeiros Brian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBy interacting with radiation, clouds modulate the flow of energy through the Earth system, the circulation of the atmosphere, and regional climate. We review the impact of cloud‐radiation interactions for the atmospheric circulation in the present‐day climate, its internal variability and its response to climate change. After summarizing cloud‐controlling factors and cloud‐radiative effects, we clarify the scope and limits of the Clouds On‐Off Klimate Model Intercomparison Experiment (COOKIE) and cloud‐locking modeling methods. COOKIE showed that the presence of cloud‐radiative effects shapes the circulation in the present‐day climate in many important ways, including the width of the tropical rain belts and the position of the extratropical storm tracks. Cloud locking, in contrast, identified how clouds affect internal variability and the circulation response to global warming. This includes strong, but model‐dependent, shortwave and longwave cloud impacts on the El‐Nino Southern Oscillation, and the finding that most of the poleward circulation expansion in response to global warming can be attributed to radiative changes in clouds. We highlight the circulation impact of shortwave changes from low‐level clouds and longwave changes from rising high‐level clouds, and the contribution of these cloud changes to model differences in the circulation response to global warming. The review in particular draws attention to the role of cloud‐radiative heating within the atmosphere. We close by raising some open questions which, among others, concern the need for studying the cloud impact on regional scales and opportunities created by the next generation of global storm‐resolving models.This article is categorized under:Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
Graviton-mediated scattering amplitudes from the quantum effective action
Authors: Draper Tom , Knorr Benjamin , Ripken Chris , Saueressig Frank 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We employ the curvature expansion of the quantum effective action for gravity-matter systems to construct graviton-mediated scattering amplitudes for non-minimally coupled scalar fields in a Minkowski background. By design, the formalism parameterises all quantum corrections to these processes and is manifestly gauge-invariant. The conditions resulting from UV-finiteness, unitarity, and causality are analysed in detail and it is shown by explicit construction that the quantum effective action provides sufficient room to meet these structural requirements without introducing non-localities or higher-spin degrees of freedom. Our framework provides a bottom-up approach to all quantum gravity programs seeking for the quantisation of gravity within the framework of quantum field theory. Its scope is illustrated by specific examples, including effective field theory, Stelle gravity, infinite derivative gravity, and Asymptotic Safety.
R-symmetric flipped SU(5)
Authors: Hamaguchi Koichi , Hor Shihwen , Nagata Natsumi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We construct a supersymmetric flipped SU(5) grand unified model that possesses an R symmetry. This R symmetry forbids dangerous non-renormalizable operators suppressed by a cut-off scale up to sufficiently large mass dimensions so that the SU(5)-breaking Higgs field develops a vacuum expectation value of the order of the unification scale along the F- and D-flat directions, with the help of the supersymmetry-breaking effect. The mass terms of the Higgs fields are also forbidden by the R symmetry, with which the doublet-triplet splitting problem is solved with the missing partner mechanism. The masses of right-handed neutrinos are generated by non-renormalizable operators, which then yield a light neutrino mass spectrum and mixing through the seesaw mechanism that are consistent with neutrino oscillation data. This model predicts one of the color-triplet Higgs multiplets to lie at an intermediate scale, and its mass is found to be constrained by proton decay experiments to be ≳ 5 × 1011 GeV. If it is ≲ 1012 GeV, future proton decay experiments at Hyper-Kamiokande can test our model in the p → π0μ+ and p → K0μ+ decay modes, in contrast to ordinary grand unified models where p → π0e+ or p → $$ {K}^{+}\overline{\nu} $$

K
+

ν
¯

is the dominant decay mode. This characteristic prediction for the proton decay branches enables us to distinguish our model from other scenarios.