bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEMANGAT KEBANGKITAN NASIONAL UNTUK MENGHADAPI COVID-19 DALAM KONTEKS PANCASILA DAN KONSTITUSI
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono , Irawan Anang Dony 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKPancasila sebagai dasar ideologi negara Indonesia merupakan rumusan dan pedoman kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Sedangkan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 atau disingkat UUD 1945 merupakan hukum dasar tertulis, konstitusi pemerintahan negara Indonesia saat ini. Pancasila dengan UUD 1945 keduanya saling berkaitan erat. Pancasila digali dari budaya bangsa Indonesia sendiri memiliki fungsi dan arti yang sangat luas dalam perilaku kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Tujuan negara Indonesia telah tercantum dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945. Banyaknya berita hoax, ujaran kebencian, perundungan (bullying), tindakan intoleransi, konflik sosial, radikalisme, terorisme dan lain-lain menjadi bukti bahwa Pancasila dan UUD 1945 mengalami degradasi nilai. Namun pada saat pandemi Covid-19 seperti saat ini dapat kita lihat masyarakat bahu-membahu saling membantu, sebagai bentuk persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa yang merupakan wujud impelementasi dari nilai-nilai Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Pancasila yang merupakan dasar falsafah hidup bangsa Indonesia tidak boleh ditinggalkan demi tercapainya nilai-nilai sila yang terkandung dalam Pancasila terlebih pada masa pandemi Covid-19 seperti saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan, yaitu penelitiankualitatif, dengan cara mengumpulkan bahan-bahan kepustakaan, membaca dan mencatat serta menganalisis. Pancasila menjadi satu ideologi atau pandangan hidup yang paling tepat, karena Pancasila memiliki arti dan fungsi yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara di Indonesia
PENGARUH SIFAT FISIK ASPAL MODIFIKASI LIMBAH PVC DAN LLDPE TERHADAP SIFAT VOLUMETRIK ASPHALT CONCRETE WEARING COURSE
Authors: Hasyim Hasyim 
Published: December 2020

Aspal yang digunakan sebagai bahan perkerasan jalanharusmemenuhipersyaratantertentuyang ditetapkanDirektoratJenderal Bina Margaagar dapat memikul beban lalu lintas selama umur yang telah direncanakan. Namun seringkali ditemukan bahwa aspal yang digunakan tidak sesuai dengan standar. Karena itu, perlu ada upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas aspal dengan modifikasi menggunakan bahan-bahan lain.Tulisan ini ingin mengkaji hubungan antara sifat fisik aspal yang dimodifikasi limbah PVC dan LLDPE dengan sifat-sifat volumetrik campuran, yaitu rongga di antara mineral agregat (VMA), rongga dalam campuran (VIM) dan rongga terselimuti aspal (VFB).Sifat fisik aspal modifikasi limbah PVC dan LLDPE yang dikaji adalah daktilitas, penetrasi dan titik lembek. Dari analisa yang dilakukan, disimpulkan bahwa daktilitas, penetrasi dan titik lembek aspal modifikasi limbah PVC dan LLDPE berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap sifat volumetrik campuran aspal-agregat. Campuran asphalt concrete wearing course yang menggunakan aspalmodifikasi limbah PVC menghasilkan ikatan antara aspal dan agregat yang lebih kuatdibandingkan dengan campuran yang menggunakan aspal modifikasi limbah LLDPE.
IMPLEMENTASI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM JURNALIS DALAM MENJALANKAN PROFESINYA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR. 40 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERS
Authors: Rohman Abdul 
Published: December 2020

Penting sekali pengkajian tentang implementasi perlindungan hukum jurnalis dalam menjalankan profesinya. Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahaun 1999 Tentang Pers (UU Pers), adalah bukti bahwa Pers merupakan salah satu pilar dalam negara Indonesia. Tetapi, dilapangan rentan terjadi pada insan informasi ini, mereka terkadang menjadi kambing hitam dari situasi tertentu, padalah telah jelas bahwa mereka dilindungi secara konstitusi. Peran masyarakat dan pemerintah menjadi penting guna terealisasinuya perlindungan insan jurnalis. Dan hambatan yang terjadi baik berupa kurangnya pengetahuan maupun tidak adanya kepahaman terhadan beberapa oknum aparat pemerintahan serta masyarakat, dapat dilakukan upaya internal maupun eksternal agar perlindungan terhadap jurnalis ini dapat terimplementasikan sesuai harapan di negara Indonesia.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PELAKSANAAN BEAUTY CONTEST DALAM PEMILIHAN VENDOR KERJASAMA OPERASIONAL PENGELOLAAN ALAT LABORATORIUM PADA RUMAH SAKIT BADAN LAYANAN UMUM. DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP DASAR PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA
Authors: Hermawan Yuli Aryani 
Published: December 2020

Rumah sakit merupakan suatu lembaga yang memiliki peranan yang penting dalam pembanguan kesehatan saat ini. Laboratorium menjadi salah satu faktor pendukung dalam pembangunan kesehatan melalui Rumah Sakit, hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium digunakan untuk memastikan atau menunjang diagnosis suatu penyakit. Untuk menunjang hal tersebut, Laboratorium klinik memerlukan peralatan yang memadai. Kerjasama operasinal dengan beauty contest dianggap mampu memnuhi tujuan tersebut, namun dalam pelaksanaaanya sering terbentur dengan terbatasnya peraturan yang ada sehingga sering timbul permasalahan terutama dalam hal transparansi serta persekongkolan yang bertentangan dengan UU No 5 Tahun 1999 tentang larangan Praktik monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat dalam hal ini di Wilayah Priangan Timur. Masalah yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana perlindungan hukum pelaksanaan beauty contest dalam pemilihan vendor kerjasama operasional pengelolaan alat laboratorium pada rumah sakit dengan status Badan Layanan Umum (BLU) dihubungkan dengan prinsip transparansi pengadaan barang dan jasa dalam Perpres No 16 Tahun 2018. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aspek legalitas perlindungan hukum dan pemenuhan prinsip transparansi dalam beauty contest kerjasama operasinal laboratorium rumah sakit. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode yang bersifat deskriptif analitik menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yakni dititikberatkan pada studi dokumen dan penelitian kepustakaan untuk mempelajari data sekunder yang terkumpul berupa bahan-bahan hukum yang ada kaitannya dengan masalah yang akan diteliti. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis secara analitis kualitatif sehingga menghasilkan data deskriptif analitis. Dari hasil wawancara dan studi kepustakaan, didapatkan bahwa tidak terdapat peraturan tertulis yang secara khusus mgnatur tentang pelaksanaan beauty contest, prinsip transparansi dalam beauty contest tidak dapat diterapkan karena berbeda dengan tender. Sebagai upaya mengatasi keterbatasan peraturan diharapkan peraturan kepala daerah atau berupa kebijakan direktur dapat mengatur tentang beauty contest dan diuji cobakan tentang sistem beauty contest terintegrasi antar beerapa rumah sakit dalam suatu wilayah tertentu.
DEMOKRASI AGONISTIK DAN SPIRIT BARU PASCA-PILKADA
Authors: Jehalut Ferdi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The simultaneous general election of district heads in 270 regencies, municipalities and provinces in Indonesia in 2020 has ended. The end of the simultaneous general elections does not mean the end of competition, debate and discourse in democracy. A living democracy needs constant contestation, debate and discourse. That is the essence of the idea of agonistic democracy. The idea of agonistic democracy will be discussed in a sharp and comprehensive manner in this paper. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explain the concept of agonistic democracy. Furthermore, starting from the idea of agonistic democracy, the writer will show what spirit needs to be nurtured after the simultaneous regional elections that have just been held. The approach used in this paper is a speculative-analysis approach.
EGYPTIAN POLICY BASED ON INSIGHTS OF HISTORY OF MUSLIM MOVEMENT AND SALAFI MOVEMENT
Authors: Ramadhan Jelang 
Published: December 2020

The aftermath of the Arab Spring was leaving a great turnover for many countries as the regime changed, so does Egypt. As one of the most influential countries both in the Middle East and North Africa, Egypt's domestic politics is quite dynamics since immemorial time, from numerous kingdoms, West colonialism until republic under the authoritarian regime in this modern days. For once, the dynamics of politics itself comes from the grass-root level whichever reached the top such as al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun or Muslim Brotherhood and Salafi Movements which caught people’s attention, not only in Egypt but the entire world. Both basically have religious intentions as it is considered Islamic movements except for their differences in political experience, religious interpretation and manners overpower contestation. Although Egypt currently is controlled by a military coup regime that tends to perpetuate the power, the Brotherhood and Salafi Movements which likewise spread to many countries still lurking and it might be consolidating the power to turn back the democracy to Egyptian who suffer from authoritarian style regime ever since the establishment of the nation after independence from British colonialism. This paper is aimed to describe the policy of the Islamic movement in Egypt which is based on religious intention and the interaction with politics and democratic goal from the nature of establishment, during the Arab Spring and the prospect for Muslim Brotherhood and Salafi Movements as the unrest recently occured.
Feto-maternal Outcome in Pregnancies Complicated by Hypertensive Disorder: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Centre of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Karki Gyanendra Man Singh , Priyadarshini Mona , Pradhan Tarun 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is one of the major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the associated maternal and fetal outcome and complications in pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders at a tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal.
Methodology: This retrospective cross section observational study included purposely-selected one hundred thirty four pregnant women from April 2019 to April 2020 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Tankisinuwari, Morang, Nepal. Maternal age, gravidity, period of gestation at presentation, associated maternal comorbidities/ risk factors, mode of delivery, indication for surgery, maternal outcome and complications, fetal outcome was recorded and data was analysed using SPSS version 23 software.
Result: Out of the 134 study population,35.8% of the mothers with hypertensive disorders were noted in the age group between 25-29 years and almost two third of the patients were multigravida. 55.2% patients had mild, while 44.8% had severe hypertension. About 83.6% of the hypertensive pregnant mothers delivered preterm between 33 to 36 weeks of gestation. 61.9% mothers underwent cesarean section with the most common indication being non-reassuring fatal heart rate pattern, while 34.3% women delivered vaginally. 86 out of 134 cases did not develop any complications while, postpartum haemorrhage was the most frequently encountered complication seen in 17.9% cases followed by eclampsia encountered in 13.4% patients. The mortality encountered was 0.7%. Neonatal complications were found in 50% cases, 15.7% neonates had low APGAR score and 8.2% had meconium aspiration, while 4.5% intrauterine deaths and 3% neonatal deaths were observed.
Conclusion: There is adverse impact of hypertension during pregnancy over maternal and perinatal outcome. Hence, early identification and prompt referral to the well-equipped center is necessary to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.
Significance of Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Various Musculoskeletal Disorder
Authors: Jha Subash Chandra , Gupta Mithilesh , Dev Binit , Regmi Sudeep , Chaudhary Ajay , Mahato Ajay 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Ultrasound is a safe, highly cost effective and non-invasive imaging technique without any absolute contraindication. It is also one of the most useful investigations in all medical specialities worldwide. The trend of use of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of various musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) is tremendously rising in orthopedics practice in Nepal over the last few years.
Objectives: The study was conducted to fulfill the existing lacunae in medical literature about use and benefits of ultrasound in context of Nepal. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound in the diagnosis of MSD among patients attending orthopedic department.
Methodology: All the consecutive patients who visited department of orthopedics and received the diagnosis of MSD and had undergone ultrasonography from February 2017 to February 2019 were included in the study. The effectiveness of ultrasound was evaluated by assessing the correlation between clinical and ultrasound based diagnosis.
Results: Out of 420 patients, majorities were female (55%). Out of 6 different anatomical sites identified, maximum patients had problem around wrist and hand (31%) followed by ankle and foot (22.9%). Similarly the most common diagnosis was related to tendon pathology including tendonitis, tenosynovitis and tendinopathy (31.9%). There was statistically significant correlation between ultrasound and clinical diagnosis with P value <0.01.
Conclusion: Overuse tendon injury are common pathology around wrist and ankle that can be diagnosed by ultrasound along with many other MSD. The use of ultrasound is gradually widening in scope but has to be performed by the expert to improve the diagnostic accuracy and also to avoid misleading diagnoses. Since there is significant correlation between clinical and ultrasound based diagnosis, it can be beneficial even for young doctors for making effective diagnosis of MSD.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound in Palpable Breast Lesions
Authors: Pathak Manish Raj , Gautam Mahesh , Bhandari Rashmita 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer related mortality in females around the world. Ultrasound plays a key role in differentiating cystic and solid lesions and is a convenient and non-invasive diagnostic tool to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in palpable breast lesions.
Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with palpable breast lesions who presented in Department of radio diagnosis and imaging of Nobel Medical collegefor a period of one-year from February 2019- January 2020 using ultrasound. A total of 60 patientswereevaluated in the study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated.
Results: Out of 60 patients evaluated, ultrasound showed 46 (76.7%) cases to be benign and 14 (23.3%) cases to be malignant. FNAC revealed benign disease in 47 (78.3%) patients and malignant disease in 13 (21.7%) patients. The most common benign lesion was fibroadenoma. We found nearly 91.7% of the malignant lesions had spiculated margins and microcalcification. The sensitivity of ultrasound was 95.74% and specificity 92.3% with diagnostic accuracy 95%.
Conclusion: Ultrasound is a convenient and non-invasive diagnostic tool with good sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy in palpable breast lesions.
Evaluation of open reduction and internal fixation of displaced intra-articular fracture of calcaneum- A short term study
Authors: Jha Ranjib Kumar , Thapa Santosh 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Management of displaced intraarticular fracture of calcaneum is controversial. Non-operative management often have unsatisfactory result due to subtalar arthritis and abnormal foot morphology.
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcome of patients with displaced intra-articular fracture of calcaneum treated by open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF) with plates and screws through extensile lateral approach.
Methodology: This was prospective clinical study conducted in Nobel Medical College between November 2016 to December 2019. The patients were treated by ORIF with calcaneal plates and screws through extensile lateral approach. Patients were followed up for minimal one year. Patients were evaluated clinically by using AOFAS hind foot score and radiologically by measuring Bohler’s and Gissane angle and calcaneal height and width.
Results: Out of total 26 cases, fifteen were sander’s type II, eight were type III and three were type IV. The mean age of patients was 33.92 years. The mean delay of surgery due to swelling was 8.65±1.95 days. The averagefollow-up period was 17 months. The mean AOFAS hind foot score was85.08±7.67. Tenpatients (38.46%) had excellent, twelve patients(48.61%) had good and four patients(15.38%) had fair outcome.There were significant association between improvement in Bohler’s and Gissane angle and functional outcome measured by AOFAS hind foot score.
Conclusion : Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced intraarticular fracture of calcaneum with calcaneal plates and screws through extensile lateral approach produce good clinical and radiological result.
Uremic Pruritus and associated factors in Chronic Dialysis Patients: An Observational Study in Western Nepal
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Subedi Saujan , Maskey Abhisek , Asim Mohammad , Sathian Brijesh , Neupane Deepika 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Pruritus is one of the well-recognized major skin derangements in patients with advanced renal failure and are usually without visible skin lesions. Only few studies have addressed this issue in Nepalese population.
Objective:.The present study aims to identify the prevalence and associated factors of uremic pruritus in chronic dialysis patients in western Nepal.
Methodology:A prospective observational study was conducted to include all chronic dialysis patients with uremic pruritus at the Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal over a period of one year (June 2018 and May 2019).
Results: During the study period, a total of 59 patients were included in the study with mean age of 55.8±15.8years,of which 37 (63%) patients developed uremic pruritus.
Statistically significant relationship betweenpresence of pruritus and pruritus severity with frequency of itching grade and sleep disturbance score among elderly (p=0.001) were observed
The serum urea can predict uremic pruritus among elderly patients with a good diagnostic value. The multivariate analysis showed male gender, hypertension, elevated serum albumin and random blood sugarwere independent predictors of pruritus in patients undergoing chronic dialysis.
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that higher proportion ofpatients undergoing chronic dialysis werediagnosed with uremic pruritus (63%) and occurrence of pruritus had association with frequency of itching grade and sleep disturbance score .The serum levels of urea may predict the occurrence of pruritus among elderly patients.Furthermore, a large multicenter study is warranted with longer follow up which may provide robust information on the burden of pruritus and its associated factors to guide appropriate management among elderly.
Prediction of Post spinal anesthesia hypotension in patients undergoing cesarean section using Perfusion index
Authors: Pyakurel Kumud , Rajbanshi Lalit Kumar , Bhattarai Ramesh , Dahal Sonia 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Spinal anesthesia induced hypotension frequently complicates Cesarean delivery. This is usually due to sudden sympatholysis causing decreased venous return which can be aggravated by physiological changes of pregnancy leading to change in baseline peripheral vascular tone. Strategies to prevent hypotensive episodes should be the primary aim of anesthetic management. A simple noninvasive measurement of perfusion index derived from pulse oximeter predicting hypotension during the routine intraoperative course could provide a new dynamism to the management and improving the safe execution of anesthesia.
Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to compare incidence of hypotension following SAB for LSCS in patients with baseline PI ≤ 3.5 to those with PI > 3.5. The secondary objectives were to compare PI, HR, SBP, MAP at various time intervals and also to study the side effects between the two groups.
Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital from to July 2019 to October 2019. 73 Term parturients presenting for elective cesarean delivery were included for the study.
Upon arrival in the operation room, standard monitors were attached and baseline HR, SBP, DBP, MAP, PI and SPO2 were recorded in supine position. The patients with baseline PI ≤ 3.5 were enrolled into Group I and those with a PI > 3.5 were enrolled into Group II. Spinal Anesthesia with 10mg of 0.5% heavy Bupivacaine and 20mcg Fentanyl ( total 2.4ml) was given at L3-L4 interspace in sitting position using midline approach. Patient was then returned to supine position with left lateral tilt of 15 degrees to facilitate left uterine displacement. Upper sensory level was checked at 5 minutes using alcohol swab. Once T-6 level was reached, surgery was started. Maternal SBP, DBP, MAP, HR and PI were recorded at 1 minute intervals between spinal injection and delivery and then 3 minutes until end of surgery. Clinically relevant hypotension was defined as the decrease in MAP by 20% or more from baseline value.
Results: The incidence of hypotension in Group I was 18.8% (6/30) compared to 81.3% (26/38). This was clinically and statistically highly significant (P = 0.000, odds ratio 0.11). On Spearman’s rank correlation we found highly significant correlation between baseline PI >3.5 and number of episodes of hypotension (rs 0.482, P = 0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of baseline PI with cut-off 3.5 for predicting hypotension were 81.3% and 66.7% respectively. The ROC curve analysis showed 3.53 as appropriate cut‑off for our findings. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.734 [Figure 6](Lower bound 0.608 and upper bound 0.861, P=0.001).
Conclusion : This study demonstrates that baseline PI of > 3.5 correlates with incidence of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in healthy parturients compared to a baseline PI of < 3.5.
Hearing Loss in Patients with Chronic Kidney: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Basnet Meenakshi , Shrestha Shailendra , Neupane Bijay , Aryal Gyan Raj 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney diseasesuffer from sensorineural hearing loss as a complication.The prevalence, type and degree of hearing loss along with the associated factors like age, electrolyte imbalance, hypertension, diabetes, duration and stage of CKD were studied.
Methodology:This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the department of Otorhinolaryngology and Nephrology at Nobel Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Kanchanbari, Biratnagar, Nepal from1st August 2018 to 30th September 2019.After thorough history taking, clinical & biochemical examinations, all patients underwent Tuning fork test and Pure tone audiometry. CKD was staged according to the eGFR. Data were stored in excel spreadsheet and analysis was done using the SPSS software (version 21)
Result: Out of 150 patients,the ratio of male to female was 1.2:1. The mean age of the patients was 44.04 ± 10.524 years. 68 (45%) patients had CKD stage V with a median duration of 24 (18 – 36) months. The prevalence of hearing loss was found to be 83 (55.3%), most of them in bilateral ear (58%). The staging of CKD had a significant association with the prevalence of hearing loss and its severity. The duration of the illness had a strong association with hearing loss.
Conclusion: This study shows that sensorineural hearing loss prevails in the patients suffering from CKD, which increases with age, duration of CKD, presence of comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes and level of serum urea and creatinine. However, it could not establish diabetes and electrolyte as a potential risk factor for developing hearing loss from CKD.