bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of chronic consumption of specific fruit (berries, citrus and cherries) on CVD risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Wang Yueyue , Gallegos Jose Lara , Haskell-Ramsay Crystal , Lodge John K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose

This review aims to compare the magnitude of the effects of chronic consumption of fruits; specifically berries, citrus and cherries on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and psycARTICLES were searched from inception until January 2020. Forty-five chronic (≥ 1 week) randomised controlled trials assessing CVD risk factors including endothelial (dys)function, blood pressure (BP), blood lipids and inflammatory biomarkers were included.

Results
Investigated interventions reported improvements in endothelial function (n = 8), inflammatory biomarkers and lipid status (n = 14), and BP (n = 10). Berries including juice of barberry, cranberry, grape, pomegranate, powder of blueberry, grape, raspberry and freeze-dried strawberry significantly reduced SBP by 3.68 mmHg (95% CI − 6.79 to − 0.58; P = 0.02) and DBP by 1.52 mmHg (95% CI − 2.87 to − 0.18, P = 0.04). In subgroup analysis, these associations were limited to cranberry juice (SBP by 1.52 mmHg [95% CI − 2.97 to − 0.07; P = 0.05], DBP by 1.78 mmHg [95% CI − 3.43 to − 0.12, P = 0.04] and cherry juice (SBP by 3.11 mmHg [95% CI − 4.06 to − 2.15; P = 0.02]). Berries also significantly elevated sVCAM-1 levels by 14.57 ng/mL (85% CI 4.22 to 24.93; P = 0.02).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that supplementing cranberry or cherry juice might contribute to an improvement in blood pressure. No other significant improvements were observed for other specified fruits. More research is warranted comparing different classes of fruit and exploring the importance of fruit processing on their cardiovascular-protective effects.
Surface charge density and diffuse layer properties of highly defined 2:1 layered silicate platelets
Authors: Kuznetsov Volodymyr , Ottermann Katharina , Helfricht Nicolas , Kunz Daniel , Loch Patrick , Kalo Hussein , Breu Josef , Papastavrou Georg 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClays are not only ubiquitous in nature, but they are also used in huge quantities in a broad range of industrial applications, such as thixotropic drilling fluids, ore pelletizers, waste disposal sealants, or fillers in polymer nanocomposites. In order to model environmental processes or to design new materials on a rational base, it is of prime importance to determine and possibly modify the interfacial properties of clay platelets at the solid/electrolyte interface. In this context, the fundamental question rises how far the stoichiometric interlayer charges as determined by the composition of the silicate layer correlates with the diffuse double-layer properties. Here, this question is addressed by means of a series of purposely synthesized sodium 2:1 layered silicates with defined composition and hence interlayer charge densities, respectively. Platelets of layered silicates of large enough diameter to perform AFM colloidal probe measurements were produced by melt synthesis. For comparison also, a natural muscovite mica has been included in this study. The diffuse layer properties in electrolyte solution have been determined by direct force measurements using the colloidal probe AFM technique and by electrokinetic measurements, respectively. We find that the diffuse layer potential decreases with increasing interlayer charge of the 2:1 layered silicates. This counterintuitive finding is attributed to ion adsorption and was further corroborated by determining the quantitative adsorption of polyelectrolytes, namely poly(amidoamine) dendrimers.
Prion propagation estimated from brain diffusion MRI is subtype dependent in sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Pascuzzo Riccardo , Oxtoby Neil P. , Young Alexandra L. , Blevins Janis , Castelli Gianmarco , Garbarino Sara , Cohen Mark L. , Schonberger Lawrence B. , Gambetti Pierluigi , Appleby Brian S. , Alexander Daniel C. , Bizzi Alberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) is a transmissible brain proteinopathy. Five main clinicopathological subtypes (sCJD-MM(V)1, -MM(V)2C, -MV2K, -VV1, and -VV2) are currently distinguished. Histopathological evidence suggests that the localisation of prion aggregates and spongiform lesions varies among subtypes. Establishing whether there is an initial site with detectable imaging abnormalities (epicentre) and an order of lesion propagation would be informative for disease early diagnosis, patient staging, management and recruitment in clinical trials. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most-used and most-sensitive test to detect spongiform degeneration. This study was designed to identify, in vivo and for the first time, subtype-dependent epicentre and lesion propagation in the brain using diffusion-weighted images (DWI), in the largest known cross-sectional dataset of autopsy-proven subjects with sCJD. We estimate lesion propagation by cross-sectional DWI using event-based modelling, a well-established data-driven technique. DWI abnormalities of 594 autopsy-diagnosed subjects (448 patients with sCJD) were scored in 12 brain regions by 1 neuroradiologist blind to the diagnosis. We used the event-based model to reconstruct sequential orderings of lesion propagation in each of five pure subtypes. Follow-up data from 151 patients validated the estimated sequences. Results showed that epicentre and ordering of lesion propagation are subtype specific. The two most common subtypes (-MM1 and -VV2) showed opposite ordering of DWI abnormality appearance: from the neocortex to subcortical regions, and vice versa, respectively. The precuneus was the most likely epicentre also in -MM2 and -VV1 although at variance with -MM1, abnormal signal was also detected early in cingulate and insular cortices. The caudal-rostral sequence of lesion propagation that characterises -VV2 was replicated in -MV2K. Combined, these data-driven models provide unprecedented dynamic insights into subtype-specific epicentre at onset and propagation of the pathologic process, which may also enhance early diagnosis and enable disease staging in sCJD.
Peroxynitrite induced signaling pathways in plant response to non-proteinogenic amino acids
Authors: Staszek Pawel , Gniazdowska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMain conclusionNitro/oxidative modifications of proteins and RNA nitration resulted from altered peroxynitrite generation are elements of the indirect mode of action of canavanine andmeta-tyrosine in plantsAbstractEnvironmental conditions and stresses, including supplementation with toxic compounds, are known to impair reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) homeostasis, leading to modification in production of oxidized and nitrated derivatives. The role of nitrated and/or oxidized biotargets differs depending on the stress factors and developmental stage of plants. Canavanine (CAN) andmeta-tyrosine (m-Tyr) are non-proteinogenic amino acids (NPAAs). CAN, the structural analog of arginine, is found mostly in seeds of Fabaceae species, as a storage form of nitrogen. In mammalian cells, CAN is used as an anticancer agent due to its inhibitory action on nitric oxide synthesis.m-Tyr is a structural analogue of phenylalanine and an allelochemical found in root exudates of fescues. In animals,m-Tyr is recognized as a marker of oxidative stress. Supplementation of plants with CAN orm-Tyr modify ROS and RNS metabolism. Over the last few years of our research, we have collected the complex data on ROS and RNS metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) plants exposed to CAN orm-Tyr. In addition, we have shown the level of nitrated RNA (8-Nitro-guanine) in roots of seedlings, stressed by the tested NPAAs. In this review, we describe the model of CAN andm-Tyr mode of action in plants based on modifications of signaling pathways induced by ROS/RNS with a special focus on peroxynitrite induced RNA and protein modifications.
The visual white matter connecting human area prostriata and the thalamus is retinotopically organized
Authors: Kurzawski Jan W. , Mikellidou Kyriaki , Morrone Maria Concetta , Pestilli Franco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe human visual system is capable of processing visual information from fovea to the far peripheral visual field. Recent fMRI studies have shown a full and detailed retinotopic map in area prostriata, located ventro-dorsally and anterior to the calcarine sulcus along the parieto-occipital sulcus with strong preference for peripheral and wide-field stimulation. Here, we report the anatomical pattern of white matter connections between area prostriata and the thalamus encompassing the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). To this end, we developed and utilized an automated pipeline comprising a series of Apps that run openly on the cloud computing platform brainlife.io to analyse 139 subjects of the Human Connectome Project (HCP). We observe a continuous and extended bundle of white matter fibers from which two subcomponents can be extracted: one passing ventrally parallel to the optic radiations (OR) and another passing dorsally circumventing the lateral ventricle. Interestingly, the loop travelling dorsally connects the thalamus with the central visual field representation of prostriata located anteriorly, while the other loop travelling more ventrally connects the LGN with the more peripheral visual field representation located posteriorly. We then analyse an additional cohort of 10 HCP subjects using a manual plane extraction method outside brainlife.io to study the relationship between the two extracted white matter subcomponents and eccentricity, myelin and cortical thickness gradients within prostriata. Our results are consistent with a retinotopic segregation recently demonstrated in the OR, connecting the LGN and V1 in humans and reveal for the first time a retinotopic segregation regarding the trajectory of a fiber bundle between the thalamus and an associative visual area.
Morphological and molecular identification of ixodid tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle in Uganda
Authors: Balinandi Stephen , Chitimia-Dobler Lidia , Grandi Giulio , Nakayiki Teddy , Kabasa William , Bbira Johnson , Lutwama Julius J. , Bakkes Deon K. , Malmberg Maja , Mugisha Lawrence 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Uganda, the role of ticks in zoonotic disease transmission is not well described, partly, due to limited available information on tick diversity. This study aimed to identify the tick species that infest cattle. Between September and November 2017, ticks (n = 4362) were collected from 5 districts across Uganda (Kasese, Hoima, Gulu, Soroti, and Moroto) and identified morphologically at Uganda Virus Research Institute. Morphological and genetic validation was performed in Germany on representative identified specimens and on all unidentified ticks. Ticks were belonging to 15 species: 8Rhipicephalusspecies (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus,Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi,Rhipicephalus microplus,Rhipicephalus decoloratus,Rhipicephalus afranicus,Rhipicephalus pulchellus,Rhipicephalus simus, andRhipicephalus sanguineustropical lineage); 5Amblyommaspecies (Amblyomma lepidum,Amblyomma variegatum,Amblyomma cohaerens,Amblyomma gemma, andAmblyomma paulopunctatum); and 2Hyalommaspecies (Hyalomma rufipesandHyalomma truncatum). The most common species wereR. appendiculatus(51.8%),A. lepidum(21.0%),A. variegatum(14.3%),R. evertsi evertsi(8.2%), andR. decoloratus(2.4%). R. afranicusis a new species recently described in South Africa and we report its presence in Uganda for the first time. The sequences ofR. afranicuswere 2.4% divergent from those obtained in Southern Africa. We confirm the presence of the invasiveR. microplusin two districts (Soroti and Gulu). Species diversity was highest in Moroto district (p = 0.004) and geographical predominance by specific ticks was observed (p = 0.001). The study expands the knowledge on tick fauna in Uganda and demonstrates that multiple tick species with potential to transmit several tick-borne diseases including zoonotic pathogens are infesting cattle.
Brennerversuchseinrichtung
Authors: Spijker Christoph , Doschek-Held Klaus , Raupenstrauch Harald 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDerzeit befindet sich am Lehrstuhl für Thermoprozesstechnik der Montanuniversität Leoben eine Brennerversuchseinrichtung in Bau. Diese ist in der Lage, industrielle Brenner mit einer Leistung von bis zu 1 MW im Erdgas-Luftbetrieb beziehungsweise 1,5 MW im Erdgas-Sauerstoffbetrieb zu vermessen. Des Weiteren besteht die Möglichkeit der Zumischung von alternativen Gasen durch Flaschenbündeln. Neben der Messung mit Lanzen und Absaugpyrometern besteht die Möglichkeit – in Kooperation mit dem Lehrstuhl für Verfahrenstechnik des industriellen Umweltschutzes – Strömungs- und Turbulenzfelder sowie chemische Konzentrationen über Lasermessverfahren im Raum zu erfassen. Parallel zu der Brennerversuchseinrichtung entsteht ein digitales Abbild dieser. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf der Brenneroptimierung hinsichtlich Emissionen, Flammbild und Effizienz, welche durch ein Simulationskonzept und unter Verwendung von Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) beziehungsweise eigens entwickelter Modelle berechnet werden. Ein zentraler Punkt hierbei sind der am Lehrstuhl für Thermoprozesstechnik entwickelten NOX Postprocessoren, welche eine schnelle und präzise Aussage über die Bildung von Stickoxiden ermöglichen.
Traditional serrated adenoma has two distinct genetic pathways for molecular tumorigenesis with potential neoplastic progression
Authors: Tanaka Yoshihito , Eizuka Makoto , Uesugi Noriyuki , Kawasaki Keisuke , Yamano Hiroo , Suzuki Hiromu , Matsumoto Takayuki , Sugai Tamotsu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Recent studies have shown that traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) can be classified into BRAF and KRAS subtypes. Here, we examined the clinicopathological and molecular findings of 73 TSAs.

Materials and methods
TSAs were subclassified into BRAF type (46 cases, type A) and KRAS type (27 cases, type B) and divided into polyp head (TSA component) and base (precursor component [PC]) to identify pathological and molecular differences between the two components. BRAF and KRAS mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI), and DNA methylation status of the TSA component and PC were analyzed. In addition, immunohistochemical expressions of annexin A10, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and CD10 were also examined. Finally, we compared endoscopic findings with histological features.

Results
We classified type As into 31 type A1s with mutation of the corresponding PC (42.5%) and 15 type A2s without mutation of the PC (20.5%). None of the corresponding PCs without KRAS mutation were observed in type Bs. MSI was not detected in the TSAs examined. There were significant differences in the frequency of annexin A10 and MUC5AC expression between the three subtypes. Furthermore, we compared the TSA component with the corresponding PC to identify the progression mechanism between the two components. Methylation status played an important role in the progression of type A1 from the corresponding PC, unlike type A2 and type B. Finally, specific endoscopic findings were well correlated with distinct histological findings.

Conclusion
TSAs were heterogeneous tumors with two or three pathways to neoplastic progression.
Discrete optimization methods for group model selection in compressed sensing
Authors: Bah Bubacarr , Kurtz Jannis , Schaudt Oliver 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article we study the problem of signal recovery for group models. More precisely for a given set of groups, each containing a small subset of indices, and for given linear sketches of the true signal vector which is known to be group-sparse in the sense that its support is contained in the union of a small number of these groups, we study algorithms which successfully recover the true signal just by the knowledge of its linear sketches. We derive model projection complexity results and algorithms for more general group models than the state-of-the-art. We consider two versions of the classical iterative hard thresholding algorithm (IHT). The classical version iteratively calculates the exact projection of a vector onto the group model, while the approximate version (AM-IHT) uses a head- and a tail-approximation iteratively. We apply both variants to group models and analyse the two cases where the sensing matrix is a Gaussian matrix and a model expander matrix. To solve the exact projection problem on the group model, which is known to be equivalent to the maximum weight coverage problem, we use discrete optimization methods based on dynamic programming and Benders’ decomposition. The head- and tail-approximations are derived by a classical greedy-method and LP-rounding, respectively.
Rational modification of the carbon metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum to enhance l-leucine production
Authors: Wang Ying-Yu , Shi Ke , Chen Peidong , Zhang Feng , Xu Jian-Zhong , Zhang Wei-Guo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
l-Leucine is an essential amino acid that has wide and expanding applications in the industry. It is currently fast-growing market demand that provides a powerful impetus to further increase its bioconversion productivity and production stability. In this study, we rationally engineered the metabolic flux from pyruvate to l-leucine synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum to enhance both pyruvate availability and l-leucine synthesis. First, the pyc (encoding pyruvate carboxylase) and avtA (encoding alanine-valine aminotransferase) genes were deleted to weaken the metabolic flux of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and reduce the competitive consumption of pyruvate. Next, the transcriptional level of the alaT gene (encoding alanine aminotransferase) was down regulated by inserting a terminator to balance l-leucine production and cell growth. Subsequently, the genes involved in l-leucine biosynthesis were overexpressed by replacing the native promoters PleuA and PilvBNC of the leuA gene and ilvBNC operon, respectively, with the promoter Ptuf of eftu (encoding elongation factor Tu) and using a shuttle expression vector. The resulting strain WL-14 produced 28.47 ± 0.36 g/L l-leucine in shake flask fermentation.
Identification of Citruses from Montenegro Based on Microsatellite Clustering Analyses
Authors: Bitz Lidija , Malidzan Slavojka , Stajner Natasa , Tenhola-Roininen Teija , Javornik Branka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA set of 32 citrus genotypes were selected from Montenegro collection and analyzed by the use of 11 microsatellite markers. Analyses harvested 72 different alleles having 6.5 alleles per locus and discovered presence of 23 unique genotypes. Distance analysis and model-based clustering revealed both the presence of 4 groups: satsuma (Citrus unshiuMarc.) mandarins, clementine (Citrus reticulata) mandarins, sweet oranges (Citrus × sinensis) and lemons (Citrus limon). Distance based clustering enabled the differentiation between red and yellow flashed fruits due to the presence of allele 158 on the locus AC01 in blood oranges. Specific goal of the study was to clarify the identity of 3 local citrus genotypes through observing their relationships within well-established clustering with the rest of genotypes being known citruses. Local orange ‘Domaca Pomorandza’ grouped with other sweet oranges but could not be differentiated from ‘Navelina’ and ‘Skagss Bonanza Navel’. ‘Gorka Pomorandza’ had unique fingerprint and showed to be sour orange. Local lemon ‘Mjesecar’ showed to may be belonging to the Femminello group of lemons. Genetic characterization of local genotypes will serve for cultivar recognition and their future improvement.
Assessing the protective role of alpine forests against rockfall at regional scale
Authors: Scheidl Christian , Heiser Micha , Vospernik Sonja , Lauss Elisabeth , Perzl Frank , Kofler Andreas , Kleemayr Karl , Bettella Francesco , Lingua Emanuele , Garbarino Matteo , Skudnik Mitja , Trappmann Daniel , Berger Frederic 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWorldwide, mountain forests represent a significant factor in reducing rockfall risk over long periods of time on large potential disposition areas. While the economic value of technical protection measures against rockfall can be clearly determined and their benefits indicated, there is no general consensus on the quantification of the protective effect of forests. Experience shows that wherever there is forest, the implementation of technical measures to reduce risk of rockfall might often be dispensable or cheaper, and large deforestations (e.g. after windthrows, forest fires, clear-cuts) often show an increased incidence of rockfall events. This study focussed on how the protective effect of a forest against rockfall can be quantified on an alpine transregional scale. We therefore estimated the runout length, in terms of the angle of reach, of 700 individual rockfall trajectories from 39 release areas from Austria, Germany, Italy and Slovenia. All recorded rockfall events passed through forests which were classified either as coppice forests or, according to the CORINE classification of land cover, as mixed, coniferous or broadleaved dominated high forest stands. For each individual rockfall trajectory, we measured the forest structural parameters stem number, basal area, top height, ratio of shrub to high forest and share of coniferous trees. To quantify the protective effect of forests on rockfall, a hazard reduction factor is introduced, defined as the ratio between an expected angle of reach without forest and the back-calculated forest-influenced angles of reach. The results show that forests significantly reduce the runout length of rockfall. The highest reduction was observed for mixed high forest stands, while the lowest hazard reduction was observed for high forest stands dominated either by coniferous or broadleaved tree species. This implies that as soon as one tree species dominates, the risk reduction factor becomes lower. Coppice forests showed the lowest variability in hazard reduction. Hazard reduction due to forests increases, on average, by 7% for an increase in the stem number by 100 stems per hectare. The proposed concept allows a global view of the effectiveness of protective forests against rockfall processes and thus enable to value forest ecosystem services for future transregional assessments on a European level. Based on our results, general cost–benefit considerations of nature-based solutions against rockfall, such as protective forests as well as first-order evaluations of rockfall hazard reduction effects of silvicultural measures within the different forest types, can be supported.