bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low mortality in fetal supraventricular tachycardia: Outcomes in a 30‐year single‐institution experience
Authors: O'Leary Edward T. , Alexander Mark E. , Bezzerides Vassilios J. , Drogosz Monika , Economy Katherine E. , Friedman Kevin G. , Pickard Sarah S. , Tworetzky Wayne , Mah Douglas Y. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe a single institutional experience managing fetuses with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and to identify associations between patient characteristics and fetal and postnatal outcomes.BackgroundSustained fetal SVT is associated with significant morbidity and mortality if untreated, yet the optimal management strategy remains unclear.MethodsRetrospective cohort study including fetuses diagnosed with sustained SVT (>50% of the diagnostic echocardiogram) between 1985 and 2018. Fetuses with congenital heart disease were excluded.ResultsSustained SVT was diagnosed in 65 fetuses at a median gestational age of 30 weeks (range, 14‐37). Atrioventricular re‐entrant tachycardia and atrial flutter were the most common diagnoses, seen in 41 and 16 cases, respectively. Moderate/severe ventricular dysfunction was present in 20 fetuses, and hydrops fetalis was present in 13. Of the 57 fetuses initiated on transplacental drug therapy, 47 received digoxin first‐line, yet 39 of 57 (68%) required advanced therapy with sotalol, flecainide, or amiodarone. Rate or rhythm control was achieved in 47 of 57 treated fetuses. There were no cases of intrauterine fetal demise. Later gestational age at fetal diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01‐1.2, P = .02) and moderate/severe fetal ventricular dysfunction (OR, 6.1, 95% CI, 1.7‐21.6, P = .005) were associated with postnatal SVT. Two postnatal deaths occurred.ConclusionsFetuses with structurally normal hearts and sustained SVT can be effectively managed with transplacental drug therapy with minimal risk of intrauterine fetal demise. Treatment requires multiple antiarrhythmic agents in over half of cases. Later gestational age at fetal diagnosis and the presence of depressed fetal ventricular function, but not hydrops, predict postnatal arrhythmia burden.
Research methods in articulatory phonetics I: Introduction and studying oral gestures
Authors: Kochetov Alexei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article is Part I of a general overview of current methods in articulatory phonetics research. This part deals with methods used to investigate oral gestures—speech‐related movements of the tongue, the lips, and the jaw (while Part II is concerned with methods studying laryngeal and nasal gestures, and the entire vocal tract). The focus of the article is on electropalatography, ultrasound, and electromagnetic articulography, with some attention also given to static palatography, X‐ray microbeam, and video recording. For comparison purposes, the methods are illustrated using similar articulatory data—productions of the plain‐palatalized contrast in Russian fricatives. Strengths and limitations of each method are discussed, and so are recent developments and trends.
An acoustic perspective on 45 years of infant speech perception. II. Vowels and suprasegmentals
Authors: Narayan Chandan R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this two‐part review we examine the major results from infant consonant (Part 1), vowel, and suprasegmental (Part 2) discrimination research over the past 45 years from an acoustic perspective—an exegesis of the developmental perception literature that appeals to both acoustic aspects of speech contrasts and historically relevant typological facts about sound systems of the world's languages. We argue that infants’ speech discrimination abilities are best viewed through a lens that considers both synchronic and diachronic aspects of the particular speech contrast. The key to this approach is the notion that acoustic–perceptual salience, or the relative separation of speech categories along perceptually relevant acoustic dimensions and corresponding discrimination performance in adults, is reflected in both infant's perceptual performance and patterns observed in phonological typology and history. The present review highlights challenges offered by four decades of literature, identifies broad patterns in infant vowel perception according to the acoustic properties of speech contrasts, and offers linguistically motivated explanations and directions for future research into the nature of young infants’ discrimination abilities.
Pavement performance assessment using a cost‐effective wireless accelerometer system
Authors: Bajwa Ravneet , Coleri Erdem , Rajagopal Ram , Varaiya Pravin , Flores Christopher 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPavement condition monitoring is required to identify pavements in need of maintenance or rehabilitation. Early identification of reduction in pavement's structural resistance and improving the structural resistance by minor repairs can lead to significantly lower maintenance costs for transportation agencies. In this study, a cost‐effective wireless sensor that can be embedded in the road to measure the transient vibrations due to different applied loads was tested to determine its effectiveness in terms of pavement displacement measurements. Test results show that the vibration sensor, combined with the algorithms, can be embedded in new or existing pavements and used as an accurate wireless displacement sensor. The low cost of the sensor system allows the use of these sensors at high densities for monitoring the performance of an entire road network. Outputs from the developed system can be directly used to evaluate the condition and performance of pavement structure (increasing displacement over time indicating increasing pavement damage). In addition, displacement data from the system can be used to backcalculate pavement layer stiffnesses, which can be used to predict long‐term performance of the pavement structure. Reduction in pavement layer stiffness over time can be used to determine long‐term damage accumulation.
Distributional Effects of a Continuous Treatment with an Application on Intergenerational Mobility
Authors: Callaway Brantly , Huang Weige 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper considers the effect of a continuous treatment on the entire distribution of outcomes after adjusting for differences in the distribution of covariates across different levels of the treatment. Our methodology encompasses dose‐response functions, counterfactual distributions, and ‘distributional policy effects’ depending on the assumptions invoked by the researcher. We propose a three‐step estimator that consists of (i) estimating the distribution of the outcome conditional on the treatment and other covariates using quantile regression; (ii) for each value of the treatment, averaging over a counterfactual distribution of the covariates holding the treatment fixed; (iii) converting the resulting counterfactual distribution into parameters of interest that are easy to interpret. We show that our estimators converge uniformly to Gaussian processes and that the empirical bootstrap can be used to conduct uniformly valid inference across a range of values of the treatment. We use our method to study intergenerational income mobility where we consider effects of parents’ income on features of their child's income distribution such as (i) the fraction of children with income below the poverty line; (ii) the variance of child's income; and (iii) the inter‐quantile range of child's income–all as a function of parents’ income.
Deep forehead lipomas in children—A series and review
Authors: Hlela Carol , Mancini Anthony J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeep forehead lipomas are rare in children and may be confused with other more concerning soft tissue masses. We describe four children with deep forehead lipomas, diagnosed between 2 months and 1 year of age, three of them congenital. Notable findings included association with intracranial lipoma and seizures in one patient and the development of marked alopecia overlying the lipoma in another. While deep forehead lipomas may become less visible over time, alopecia and non‐syndromic extracutaneous involvement may be important associations.
Prehospital transfusion of low titer cold‐stored whole blood through the intraosseous route in a trauma patient with hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Allon Raviv , Epstein Danny , Shavit Itai 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUNDDamage control resuscitation, avoidance of dilutional coagulopathy, and increased blood component therapy reduce mortality after major trauma hemorrhage. Improved outcomes seen in recent warfare have placed whole blood as the preferred product for resuscitation of severe traumatic hemorrhage. As of 2018, flight physicians of the Israeli Airborne Combat Search and Rescue Unit (ACSRU) treat these patients with low titer cold‐stored O‐positive whole blood (LTCSO+WB). Intraosseous (IO) is the preferred route if intravenous access is not available. To date, no study has described the administration of LTCSO+WB via the IO route in the prehospital setting.CASE REPORTWe present a case of whole blood transfusion via the IO route in a 30‐year‐old car accident patient who suffered major injuries and developed severe hemorrhagic shock. Intravenous access could not be obtained at the scene. En route, two units of LTCSO+WB were administered, using an IO hand drill, and the patientʼs hemodynamic status improved. The patient survived the injury with a good outcome.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report of whole blood infusion via the IO route in traumatic hemorrhagic shock in the prehospital setting. Our positive experience suggests that this approach may have a role in hemorrhagic trauma patients when intravenous access cannot be obtained.
Enhanced remediation of Cr6+ in bacterial‐assisted floating wetlands
Authors: Akram Aysha , Tara Nain , Khan Muhammad Asaf , Abbasi Saddam Akber , Irfan Muhammad , Arslan Muhammad , Afzal Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is reported to have negative effects on fauna and flora. The present study establishes plant‐bacterial synergism in floating wetlands (FWs) for the maximum removal of Cr6+ from the contaminated water. A common wetland plant, Brachiaria mutica (para grass), was planted in combination with three Cr‐resistant rhizo‐ and endophytic bacteria. Results indicated that FWs vegetated with B. mutica showed the potential to remove Cr (53%) from water and their efficacy was significantly enhanced by bacterial inoculation (88%). The inoculated bacteria were able to colonize the plant interior successfully, that is, roots and shoots. The un‐vegetated control tanks, however, showed the least bacterial persistence in the water. The perceptible phytotoxicity symptoms on B. mutica were only observed for the treatments without bacterial inoculation. The study suggests that B. mutica could be an effective choice as a wetland macrophyte to establish a partnership with the Cr‐resistant bacteria for improved remediation of Cr6+ contamination.
Tunable and Active Phononic Crystals and Metamaterials
Authors: Wang Yan-Feng , Wang Yi-Ze , Wu Bin , Chen Weiqiu , Wang Yue-Sheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhononic crystals (PCs) and metamaterials (MMs) can exhibit abnormal properties, even far beyond those found in nature, through artificial design of the topology or ordered structure of unit cells. This emerging class of materials has diverse application potentials in many fields. Recently, the concept of tunable PCs or MMs has been proposed to manipulate a variety of wave functions on demand. In this review, we survey recent developments in tunable and active PCs and MMs, including bandgap and bandgap engineering, anomalous behaviors of wave propagation, as well as tunable manipulation of waves based on different regulation mechanisms: tunable mechanical reconfiguration and materials with multifield coupling. We conclude by outlining future directions in the emerging field.
Large Eddy Simulation of Bypass Transition in Vane Passage With Freestream Turbulence
Authors: Kanani Yousef , Acharya Sumanta , Ames Forrest 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
High Reynolds flow over a nozzle guide-vane with elevated inflow turbulence was simulated using wall-resolved large eddy simulation (LES). The simulations were undertaken at an exit Reynolds number of 0.5 × 106 and inflow turbulence levels of 0.7% and 7.9% and for uniform heat-flux boundary conditions corresponding to the measurements of Varty and Ames (2016, “Experimental Heat Transfer Distributions Over an Aft Loaded Vane With a Large Leading Edge at Very High Turbulence Levels,” ASME Paper No. IMECE2016-67029). The predicted heat transfer distribution over the vane is in excellent agreement with measurements. At higher freestream turbulence, the simulations accurately capture the laminar heat transfer augmentation on the pressure surface and the transition to turbulence on the suction surface. The bypass transition on the suction surface is preceded by boundary layer streaks formed under the external forcing of freestream disturbances which breakdown to turbulence through inner-mode secondary instabilities. Underneath the locally formed turbulent spot, heat transfer coefficient spikes and generally follows the same pattern as the turbulent spot. The details of the flow and temperature fields on the suction side are characterized, and first- and second-order statistics are documented. The turbulent Prandtl number in the boundary layer is generally in the range of 0.7–1, but decays rapidly near the wall.
Relationship between life satisfaction and preventable hospitalisations: a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: De Prophetis Eric , Goel Vivek , Watson Tristan , Rosella Laura C 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo examine if low life satisfaction is associated with an increased risk of being hospitalised for an ambulatory care sensitive condition (ACSC), in comparison to high life satisfactionDesign and settingPopulation-based cohort study of adults from Ontario, Canada. Baseline data were captured through the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) and linked to health administrative data for follow-up information.Participants129 467 men and women between the ages 18 and 74.Main outcome measuresTime to avoidable hospitalisations defined by ACSCs.ResultsLife satisfaction was measured at baseline through the CCHS and follow-up information on ACSC hospitalisations were captured by linking participant respondents to hospitalisation records covered under a single payer health system. Within the study time frame (maximum of 14 years), 3037 individuals were hospitalised. Older men in the lowest household income quintile were more likely to be hospitalised with an ACSC. After controlling for age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES) and other behavioural factors, low life satisfaction at baseline had a strong relationship with future hospitalisations for ACSCs (HR 2.71; 95% CI 1.87 to 3.93). The hazards were highest for those who jointly had the lowest levels of life satisfaction and low household income (HR 3.80; 95% CI 2.13 to 6.73). Results did not meaningful change after running a competing risk survival analysis.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that poor life satisfaction is associated with hospitalisations for ACSCs after adjustment for several confounders. Furthermore, the magnitude of this relationship was greater for those who were more socioeconomically disadvantaged. This study adds to the existing literature on the impact of life satisfaction on health system outcomes by documenting its impact on avoidable hospitalisations in a universal health system.
Effects of maternal smoking on body size and proportions at birth: a register-based cohort study of 1.4 million births
Authors: Rumrich Isabell , Vähäkangas Kirsi , Viluksela Matti , Gissler Mika , de Ruyter Hanna , Hänninen Otto 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of our work was to analyse the effect of maternal smoking on body size and body proportions of newborns when the mother had smoked only during the first trimester, in comparison with continued smoking after the first trimester. Furthermore, we have evaluated how growth restriction associated with maternal smoking contributes to changes in body proportions.DesignRegister-based cohort studySettingMaternal Exposure (MATEX) cohort identified from the Finnish Medical Birth Register.ParticipantsSingleton births without congenital anomalies and missing data (1.38 million) from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 2016.MethodsLogistic regression was used to quantify the effect of maternal smoking, stratified by the maternal smoking status.Outcome measuresBody proportions indicated by low brain-to-body ratio (defined as <10th percentile); high ponderal index and high head-to-length ratio (defined as >90th percentile); small body size for gestational age at birth (defined as weight, length or head circumference <10th percentile) and preterm birth (<37 weeks) and low birth weight (2500 g).ResultsContinued smoking after the first trimester was associated with high ponderal index (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.28), low brain-to-body ratio (1.11, 1.07–1.15) and high head-to-length ratio (1.22, 1.19–1.26), corresponding with absolute risks of 22%, 10% and 19%, respectively). The effects were slightly lower when smoking had been quit during the first trimester. Similar effects were seen for the body size variables and low birth weight. Preterm birth was not associated with smoking only during first trimester.ConclusionsMaternal smoking, independent of smoking duration during pregnancy, was associated with abnormal body proportions resulting from larger reduction of length and head circumference in comparison to weight. The effects of having quit smoking during the first trimester and having continued smoking after the first trimester were similar, suggesting the importance of early pregnancy as a sensitive exposure window.
Use of social media for cancer prevention and early diagnosis: scoping review protocol
Authors: Kaushal Aradhna , Kassianos Angelos P , Sheringham Jessica , Waller Jo , von Wagner Christian 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionSocial media platforms offer unique opportunities for health promotion messages focusing on cancer prevention and early diagnosis. However, there has been very little synthesis of the evaluation of such campaigns, limiting the ability to apply learning to the design of future social media campaigns. We aimed to provide a broad overview of the current research base on social media interventions for cancer prevention and early diagnosis, to identify knowledge gaps and to inform policy, practice and future research questions.MethodsWe will use scoping review methodology to explore the available evidence on social media interventions for cancer prevention and early diagnosis, with a focus on methodological approaches. Quantitative and qualitative studies and reports will be identified through searching several research databases, through internet searching for grey literature and by screening the citations of studies included in the review. All identified studies will undergo independent title and abstract screening and full-text screening against inclusion and exclusion criteria. We plan to chart the data from included studies to record the characteristics of the social media interventions, resources, activities, outputs, outcomes and impact. Charted data will be collated and summarised using a narrative synthesis. The interpretation and implications of the findings will be enhanced by consultation with relevant stakeholders such as public health organisations, cancer charities, and patient and public involvement groups when preliminary results are available.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this scoping review. The results will be used to identify research questions for future systematic reviews and to inform the development of future social media interventions. We will disseminate findings in peer-reviewed journals and at relevant conferences.
A multi-cohort consortium for GEnder-Sensitive Analyses of mental health trajectories and implications for prevention (GESA) in the general population in Germany
Authors: Burghardt Juliane , Tibubos Ana Nanette , Otten Danielle , Brähler Elmar , Binder Harald , Grabe Hans , Kruse Johannes , Ladwig Karl Heinz , Schomerus Georg , Wild Philipp S , Beutel Manfred E 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionMental health is marked by gender differences. We formed a multi-cohort consortium to perform GEnder-Sensitive Analyses of mental health trajectories and study their implications for prevention (GESA). GESA aims at (1) identifying gender differences regarding symptoms and trajectories of mental health over the lifespan; (2) determining gender differences regarding the prevalence, impact of risk and protective factors; and (3) determining effects of mental health on primary and secondary outcomes (eg, quality of life, healthcare behaviour and utilisation).Methods and analysisWe plan to perform secondary analyses on three major, ongoing, population-based, longitudinal cohorts (Gutenberg Health-Study (GHS), Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), Cooperative Health Research in the Augsburg Region (KORA)) with data on mental and somatic symptoms, medical assessments and diagnoses in north-east, middle and southern Germany (n>40 000). Meta-analytic techniques (using DataSHIELD framework) will be used to combine aggregated data from these cohorts. This process will inform about heterogeneity of effects. Longitudinal regression models will estimate sex-specific trajectories and effects of risk and protective factors and secondary outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThe cohorts were approved by the ethics committees of the Statutory Physician Board of Rhineland-Palatinate (837.020.07; GHS), the University of Greifswald (BB 39/08; SHIP) and the Bavarian Chamber of Physicians (06068; KORA). Together with stakeholders in medical care and medical training, findings will be translated and disseminated into gender-sensitive health promotion and prevention.
Australian surfers’ awareness of ‘surfer’s ear’
Authors: Simas Vini , Hing Wayne , Pope Rodney , Climstein Mike 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo assess awareness of external auditory exostosis (EAE) among Australian surfers.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional observational study, assessing professional and recreational Australian surfers. Currently, active surfers over 18 years of age, surfing year-round, were eligible to participate. After initial screening, individuals were asked to complete a questionnaire. All included volunteers underwent bilateral otoscopic examination, to assess the presence and severity of EAE.ResultsA total of 113 surfers were included in the study and were divided into two groups, based on surfing status: 93 recreational surfers and 20 professional surfers. Recreational surfers were significantly older (p<0.005), more experienced (greater years surfing; p<0.005), with lower prevalence of otological symptoms (p<0.05). The most common symptoms were water trapping, impacted wax and hearing loss. Prevalence of EAE was high for both groups (95% in the professional surfers and 82.8% in the recreational surfers); however, recreational surfers had mild grade EAE (grade 1) as the most common presentation, as opposed to professionals who had severe grade EAE (grade 3) as the most common presentation (p<0.05 between groups). Awareness of the term ‘surfer’s ear’ was high for both groups, as was knowledge of prevention options. However, fewer considered the condition to be preventable, and an even lower number reported regular use of prevention methods.ConclusionAustralian surfers had a high level of awareness of EAE; however, few reported using prevention methods, despite having a high prevalence of the condition. Health practitioners should screen susceptible individuals in order to recommend appropriate preventive measures.