bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Dip Angles of Active Faults Beneath the Osaka Plain Inferred from a 2D Numerical Analysis of visco-elasto-plastic Models
Authors: Nishiwaki Hayami , Okudaira Takamoto , Ishii Kazuhiko , Mitamura Muneki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The geometries (i.e., dip angles) of active faults from the surface to the seismogenic zone are among the most important factors used to evaluate earthquake ground motion, which is crucial to seismic hazard assessments in urban areas. In Osaka, a metropolitan city in Japan, there are several active faults (e.g., the Uemachi and Ikoma faults), which are inferred from the topography, the attitude of active faults in surface trenches, the seismic reflection profile at shallow depths (less than 2 km), and the three-dimensional distribution of the Quaternary sedimentary layers. The Uemachi and Ikoma faults are N–S-striking fault systems with total lengths of 42 km and 38 km, respectively, with the former being located ~12 km west of the latter; however, the geometries of each of the active faults within the seismogenic zone is not clear. In this study, to examine the geometries of the Uemachi and Ikoma faults from the surface to the seismogenic zone, we analyze the development of the geological structures of sedimentary layers based on numerical simulations of a two-dimensional visco-elasto-plastic body under a horizontal compressive stress field, including preexisting linear high-strained weak zones (i.e., faults) and surface sedimentation processes, and evaluate the relationship between the observed geological structures of the Quaternary sediments (i.e., the Osaka Group) in the Osaka Plain and the model results. Based on a comparison between the simulation results and the geological observations/interpretation, we propose geometries of the Uemachi and Ikoma faults from the surface to the seismogenic zone. When the friction coefficient of the faults is ~0.5, the dip angles of the Uemachi and Ikoma faults near the surface are ~30°–40° and the Uemachi fault has a downward convex curve at the bottom of the seismogenic zone but does not converge to the Ikoma fault. Based on the analysis in this study, the dip angle of the Uemachi fault zone is estimated to be approximately 30°–40°, and the downward extension of the Uemachi fault zone nearly coincides with the epicenter of the 2018 northern Osaka earthquake.
Delivery of Functional Exogenous Proteins by Plant Vesicles to Human Cells in Vitro
Authors: Garaeva Luiza , Kamyshinsky Roman , Kil Yury , Varfolomeeva Elena , Garmay Yuri , Landa Sergey , Burdakov Vladimir , Myasnikov Alexander , Kagansky Alexander , Vinnikov Ilya A. , Komarova Elena , Margulis Boris , Guzhova Irina , Konevega Andrey L. , Shtam Tatiana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Plant-derived extracellular vesicles increasingly gain attention as promising carriers of exogenous bioactive molecules to the human cells. Due to their various edible sources they are distinctly biocompatible, biodegradable and easily available in significant amounts. Methods: In present work, extracellular vesicles from grapefruit juice were isolated by differential centrifugation and characterized in terms of size, quantity, and morphology by nanoparticle tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM). In Cryo-EM experiments we have visualized grapefruit vesicles with average size of 41 ± 13 nm, confirmed their round-shaped morphology and estimated the thickness of their lipid bilayer as 5.3 ± 0.8 nm. Results: Using in vitro cell culture models, we have shown that grapefruit-derived extracellular vesicles (GF-EVs) are highly efﬁcient carriers for the delivery of the exogenous Alexa flour 647 labelled BSA and HSP70 proteins into human colon cancer HCT-116 and DLD1 cells. Both proteins when loaded to plant vesicles were captured by human intestinal cells much more efficiently compare to their free state. Additionally, the functional activity of human recombinant HSP70 delivered by GF-EVs in the tissue culture cells has been confirmed. Conclusions: The results clearly indicate the high potential of native plant vesicles for the safe delivery of therapeutic proteins into human cells. Here, we reported the first demonstration of effective loading of natural plant-derived extracellular nanovesicles with exogenous proteins and their successful delivery into human cells.
Presepsin values and Prognostic Nutritional Index predict mortality in intensive care unit patients with sepsis: a prospective observational study
Authors: Shimoyama Yuichiro , Umegaki Osamu , Kadono Noriko , Minami Toshiaki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Sepsis is a major cause of mortality for critically ill patients. This study aimed to determine whether presepsin values can predict mortality in patients with sepsis.
Methods

A total of 83 adult patients diagnosed with sepsis were prospectively examined. Presepsin values were measured immediately after ICU admission and on Days 2, 3, and 5 after ICU admission. Glasgow Prognostic Score, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, Prognostic Index, and Prognostic Nutritional Index were also determined at baseline. For category classification, total scores were calculated (hereafter, “inflammation-presepsin scores [iPS]”) as follows: a score of 1 was assigned if the presepsin value and inflammation-based prognostic scores at baseline were above cut-offs determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for 28-day mortality; a score of 0 was assigned if they were below the cut-offs (total score range, 0–2 points). Presepsin values, inflammation-based prognostic scores, and iPS were compared between non-survivors and survivors.
Results

ROC curve analysis, Log-rank test, and multivariate analysis identified presepsin values and Prognostic Nutritional Index as predictors of mortality in sepsis patients. Presepsin value on Day 1 was a predictor of early mortality, i.e., death within 7 days of ICU admission; ROC curve analysis revealed an AUC of 0.84, sensitivity of 89%, and specificity of 77%; multivariate analysis showed an OR of 1.0007, with a 95%CI of 1.0001–1.0013 (p = 0.0320).
Conclusions

Presepsin value was a predictor of mortality in sepsis patients. In particular, the presepsin value on Day 1 is useful for predicting early mortality. In the context of 28-day mortality, Prognostic Nutritional Index was found to predict mortality in sepsis patients.
Factors affecting physicians' dual practice in Iran
Authors: Vejdani Marjan , Kokabisaghi Fatemeh , Moghri Javad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

One of the most important challenges of the healthcare system in recent years have been physicians' dual practice in the public and private sectors. this study aims to investigate the factors affecting the physicians' dual practice in Iran.
Methods

In this qualitative study 41 stakeholders were selected by purposeful sampling. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The Framework analysis was used to analyze the data.
Results

Factors affecting the physicians' dual practice in Iran were classified into three main themes: "individual motivational factors", "structural factors" and "historical and cultural factors".
Conclusions

Getting a faculty position, the demand for private services and job security, and the continuous and guaranteed income are the most important motivations for physicians to work in the public sector. Greater financial and monetary incentives, more job independence, as well as private offices as a work identity and prestige were the most important motivations for working in the private sector.
Transient Senescence Induces Wound Healing Through SASP Factors: Therapeutic Potentials of Chick Early Amniotic Fluid (ceAF)
Authors: Mashaal Ahmad , Sun Yandi , Zhang Xueyun , Khan Zara Ahmad , Qian Jin , Yan Luo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Inflammatory, proliferative and remodelling phases constitute a cutaneous wound healing program. Therapeutic applications/medication are available; however, they commonly comprise fortified preservatives that might prolong the healing process. Chick early amniotic fluids (ceAF) contain native therapeutic factors with balanced chemokines, cytokines and growth-related factors; their origins in principle dictate no existence of harmful agents that would otherwise hamper embryo development. Instead, they possess a spectrum of molecules driving expeditious mitotic divisions and possibly exerting other functions.
Methods

Employing both in vitro and in vivo models, we examined ceAF’s therapeutic potentials in wound healing and found intriguing involvement of transient senescence, known to be intimately intermingled with Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotypes (SASP) that function in addition to or in conjunction with ceAF to facilitate wound healing.
Results

In our in vitro and in vivo cutaneous wound healing models, a low dose of ceAF exhibited the best efficacies; however, higher doses attenuated the wound healing, presumably by inducing p16 expression.
Conclusion

Our studies link an INK4/ARF locus-mediated signalling to cutaneous wound healing, implicate the therapeutic potentials of ceAF exerting functions likely by driving transient senescence and expediting cell proliferation, and conceptualize a homeostatic and/or balanced dosage strategy in medical intervention.
Ecological adaptation of an F1 hybrid cross of carnivorous and herbivorous Cyprinidae fishes
Authors: Gu Haoran , He You , Deng Sihong , He Xingheng , Wu Yi , Xing Kaiyan , Gao Xue , He Xuefu , Wang Zhijian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Whether hybridization plays a positive or negative role in speciation remains a controversial issue to date. Genetic factors have been widely studied, but ecological factors also play an important role. Although studies on the ecological adaptation of hybrids between different niche parents have been widely reported, cases of extreme niche parental hybridization have not been documented, which may show more ecological phenomena in the fields of hybrid speciation and ecological species isolation.
Results

Taking Cyprinidae fish parents (Schizothorax wangchiachii and Percocypris pingi) with extreme ecological niches (herbivorous and carnivorous) and their F1 hybrids as research objects, fish, shrimp, blood worms and periphytic algae were selected as food correspond to four different ecological niches. Morphologically, most external and skeletal traits in the F1 hybrids were balanced between the parents, but digestive traits were closer to those of herbivorous parents. In terms of diet, the F1 hybrids weakly foraged for parental food resources, but can more effectively forage for intermediate food resources. In foraging abilities, the F1 hybrids showed low foraging enthusiasm and abilities for parent resources, although the former was the more important factor. Interestingly, the F1 hybrids showed high foraging enthusiasm and success rates when they first foraged for fish, but then they vomited fish debris as a result of mechanical difficulty in chewing rather than taste, and the reason was a contradiction between the genetic behaviours and intermediate morphology. This behaviour was harmful and was persistent in some individuals, representing a new mechanism in ecological species isolation. However, the F1 hybrids have also shown evidence of new ecological niche formation in favour of hybrid speciation by abandoning foraging parent resources and focusing more on foraging intermediate foods.
Conclusions

(1) Low foraging enthusiasm is an important reason for the fitness decrease of F1 hybrids to parent food. (2) The contradiction between genetic behavior and intermediate traits is reported for the first time. (3) F1 hybrids may form an intermediate ecological niche between parents proved experimentally.
Development and validation of magnetic resonance imaging-based nomograms for patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma after radical resection: Preoperative prediction of survival
Authors: Zhao Jian , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jun , Ma Wen-Jie , Yuan Fang , Liu Si-Yun , Li Fu-Yu , Song Bin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSurvival status prediction for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) patients is essential for postoperative clinical decision making. This study aimed to develop and validate prediction models for overall survival (OS) evaluation in pCCA patients preoperatively.Materials and MethodsA total of 184 patients who had curative resection for pCCA between January 2010 and December 2018 were enrolled. 110 patients were randomly selected for model development while other 74 patients for model testing. Imaging-derived radiomics signatures were developed. Independent preoperative clinical predictors were involved independently or in combination with radiomics signatures to construct different preoperative models through multivariable Cox proportional hazards method. The nomograms were constructed to predict OS, and the performance of which was evaluated by the discrimination ability, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curve and decision curve.ResultsThe clinical model (Modelclinic) was constructed based on three independent variables including preoperative CEA, cN stage and invasion of hepatic artery in images. The model with best performance (Modelclinic&AP&PVP) was build based on three independent variables, SignatureAP and SignaturePVP. In training and testing cohorts, the concordance indexes (C-indexes) of Modelclinic were 0.846 (95% CI, 0.735-0.957) and 0.755 (95% CI, 0.540-969), and Modelclinic&AP&PVP manifested favorable performance with C-indexes of 0.962 (95% CI, 0.905-1) and 0.814 (95% CI, 0.569-1), and both of them outperformed TNM staging system (C-indexes, 0.616, 95% CI, 0.522-0.711 and 0.599, 95% CI, 0.490-0.708). Good agreement was observed in the calibration curves, and favorable clinical utility was validated using the decision curve analysis both for Modelclinic and Modelclinic&AP&PVP.ConclusionsTwo preoperative nomograms were constructed to predict 1-, 3- and 5-years survival following surgery for individual pCCA patients. Such methods are easy to be performed which have clinical application potential for decision-making and patients stratification in randomized, controlled trials.
2-hexyl-4-pentynoic acid (HPTA), a novel radiosensitizer to breast cancer cells through increasing the instability of DNA repair proteins
Authors: Cai Zuchao , Lim David , Liu Guochao , Ding Wenwen , Wang Zhendong , Tian Zhujun , Peng Junxuan , Dong Chao , Zhang Fengmei , Feng Zhihui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world which is the main cause of cancer death for women. Radiotherapy is the main treatment. Although some drugs have been found to enhance the effect of radiotherapy, there are also obvious deficiencies. Therefore, recent applied clinical research has been focusing on locating a suitable radiosensitizer to breast cancer radiotherapy.
Methods

MTT, clonogenic survival assays, comet assays, immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were used to detect the effect of VPA / HPTA on DNA damage induced by radiotherapy for breast cancer through a variety of cell models( MCF7, EUFA423, HCC1937, DMBA-induced rat breast cancer-derived primary culture cell and DMBA-induced transformed human normal breast cell line). At the same time, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were used to investigate the effect of VPA / HPTA on DNA damage repair induced by radiation. In vivo experiment, the effect of HPTA as radiosensitizer was investigated by DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats. Finally, the possible mechanism of HPTA acting on target protein was proved by cycloheximide chase experiment.
Results

In this study, a derivative of valproic acid (VPA), 2-hexyl-4-pentynoic acid (HPTA), was demonstrated for the first time that low concentration of HPTA (15 µM) has radiosensitizing properties to breast cancer cells by multiple working models of breast cancer cell lines (in vivo), equivalent to a high concentration of VPA (500 µM). Mechanistic investigations revealed that HPTA induced radiosensitivity through inhibiting the BRCA1-Rad51-mediated homologous recombination pathway. These results were further manifested in breast cancer animal model (in vitro). Most importantly, our study found that HPTA influenced the stability of BRCA1 and Rad51 proteins via shorting their half-life.
Conclusions

Our findings support the proposition HPTA as an alternate, safe and effective radiosensitizer to tumor cells. Targeting BRCA1-Rad51-mediated homologous recombination pathway through HPTA may be a rational strategy to improve the radiotherapeutic efficacy of breast cancer.
Therapeutic efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Mali, 2015–2016
Authors: Diarra Youssouf , Koné Oumar , Sangaré Lansana , Doumbia Lassina , Haidara Dade Bouye Ben , Diallo Mouctar , Maiga Ababacar , Sango Hammadoun Aly , Sidibé Halidou , Mihigo Jules , Nace Douglas , Ljolje Dragan , Talundzic Eldin , Udhayakumar Venkatachalam , Eckert Erin , Woodfill Celia Jane , Moriarty Leah F. , Lim Pharath , Krogstad Donald John , Halsey Eric S. , Lucchi Naomi W. , Koita Ousmane 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

The current first-line treatments for uncomplicated malaria recommended by the National Malaria Control Program in Mali are artemether–lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate–amodiaquine (ASAQ). From 2015–2016, we conducted an in vivo study to assess the clinical and parasitological responses to AL and ASAQ in Sélingué, Mali.
Methods

Children between 6 and 59 months of age with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection and 2,000–200,000 asexual parasites/µL of blood were enrolled, randomly assigned to either AL or ASAQ, and followed up for 42 days. Uncorrected and PCR-corrected efficacy results at days 28 and 42 were calculated. Known markers of resistance in the Pfk13, Pfmdr1, and Pfcrt genes were assessed using Sanger sequencing.
Results

A total of 449 patients were enrolled: 225 in the AL group and 224 in the ASAQ group. Uncorrected efficacy at day 28 was 83.4% (95% CI: 78.5–88.4%) in the AL arm and 93.1% (95% CI: 89.7–96.5%) in the ASAQ arm. The per protocol PCR-corrected efficacy at day 28 was 91.0% (86.0–95.9%) in the AL arm and 97.1% (93.6–100%) in the ASAQ arm. ASAQ was significantly (p < 0.05) better than AL for each of the aforementioned efficacy outcomes. No mutations associated with artemisinin resistance were identified in the Pfk13 gene. Overall, for Pfmdr1, the N86 allele and the NFD haplotype were the most common. The NFD haplotype was significantly more prevalent in the post-treatment than in the pre-treatment isolates in the AL arm (p < 0.01) but not in the ASAQ arm. For Pfcrt, the CVIET haplotype was the most common.
Conclusions

Our findings indicate that both AL and ASAQ remain effective for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Sélingué, Mali.
Reparation of lung tissue in newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis as genetically determined process
Authors: Samsonov K. Yu. , Mordyk A. V. , Аroyan A. R. , Batischeva T. L. , Ivanova O. G. 
Published: September 2020

The objective of the study is to assess the effect of rs6707530 polymorphism of the FN1 gene and rs1150754 polymorphism of the TNXB gene on the healing of lung tissue destruction in patients with newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis.Subjects and methods. 82 patients older 18 years with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis with destruction were enrolled in the study. X-ray data were assessed on the 2nd, 4th and 6th months of the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the efficacy of chemotherapy intensive phase.Results. In the group of patients with an effective course of chemotherapy, the frequency of carriers of G allele (p < 0.001) and T/G genotype (p = 0.01) in rs6707530 locus of the FN1 gene was higher. While T/T genotype (p = 0.002) and T allele (p < 0.001) prevailed among the patients with persisting destruction of lung tissue after the intensive phase of chemotherapy.
Olivine from aillikites in the Tarim large igneous province as a window into mantle metasomatism and multi-stage magma evolution
Authors: Wang Changhong , Zhang Zhaochong , Xie Qiuhong , Cheng Zhiguo , Kong Weiliang , Liu Bingxiang , Santosh M. , Jin Shengkai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aillikites are carbonate-rich ultramafic lamprophyres, and although they are volumetrically minor components of large igneous province (LIP), these rocks provide important clues to melting and meta-somatism in the deep mantle domain during the initial stages of LIPs. In this study, we investigate the Wajilitag “kimberlites” in the northwestern part of the Tarim LIP that we redefine as hypabyssal aillikites based on the following features: (1) micro-phenocrystic clinopyroxene and Ti-rich andradite garnet occurring in abundance in the carbonate-rich matrix; (2) Cr-spinel exhibiting typical Fe-Ti enrichment trend also known as titanomagnetite trend; and (3) olivine showing dominantly low Mg values (Fo &lt; 90). To constrain the magma source and evolution, the major, minor, and trace element abundance in olivine grains from these rocks were analyzed using electron microprobe and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Olivine in the aillikites occurs as two textural types: (1) groundmass olivines, as sub-rounded grains in matrix, and (2) macrocrysts, as euhedral-anhedral crystals in nodules. The groundmass olivines show varying Mg (Fo89–80) with high-Ni (1606–3418 ppm) and Mn (1424–2860 ppm) and low-Ca (571–896 ppm) contents. In contrast, the macrocrysts exhibit a restricted Fo range but a wide range in Ni and Mn. The former occurs as phenocrysts, whereas the latter are cognate cumulates that formed from earlier, evolved aillikite melt. The two olivine populations can be further divided into sub-groups, indicating a multi-stage crystallization history of the aillikite melt. The crystallization temperatures of groundmass olivines and macrocrysts in dunite nodules as computed from the spinel-olivine thermometers are 1005–1136 and 906–1041 °C, respectively. The coupled enrichment of Ca and Ti and lack of correlation between Ni and Sc and Co in the olivine grains suggest a carbonate-silicate metasomatized mantle source. Moreover, the high 100·Mn/Fe (average 1.67) at high Ni (up to 3418 ppm), overlapping with OIB olivine, and the 100·Ni/Mg (~1) of primitive Mg-Ni-rich groundmass olivines suggest a mixed source that involved phlogopite- and carbonate-rich metasomatic veins within mantle peridotite.