bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the effects of climate warming on streamflow and active groundwater storage in an alpine catchment: the upper Lhasa River
Authors: Lin Lu , Gao Man , Liu Jintao , Wang Jiarong , Wang Shuhong , Chen Xi , Liu Hu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Climate warming is changing streamflow regimes and groundwater storage in
cold alpine regions. In this study, the Yangbajain headwater catchment
in the Lhasa River basin is adopted as the study area to assess
streamflow changes and active groundwater storage in response to climate
warming. The results show that both annual streamflow and the mean air
temperature increase significantly at respective rates of about 12.30 mm per decade and 0.28 ∘C per decade from 1979 to 2013 in the study area. The results of gray
relational analysis indicate that the air temperature acts as a primary
factor for the increased streamflow. Due to climate warming, the total
glacier volume has retreated by over 25 % during the past 50 years, and
the areal extent of permafrost has degraded by 15.3 % over the last 20 years. Parallel comparisons with other subbasins in the Lhasa River basin
indirectly reveal that the increased streamflow at the Yangbajain Station is
mainly fed by the accelerated glacier retreat. Using baseflow recession
analysis, we also find that the estimated groundwater storage that is
comparable with the GRACE data increases significantly at rates of about
19.32 mm per decade during the abovementioned period. That is to say, as permafrost thaws, more
spaces have been made available to accommodate the increasing meltwater. Finally,
a large water imbalance (of more than 5.79×107 m3 a−1)
between the melt-derived runoff and the actual increase in runoff as well
as the groundwater storage is also observed. The results from this study
suggest that the impacts of glacial retreat and
permafrost degradation show compound behaviors on the storage–discharge
mechanism due to climate warming, and that this fundamentally affects the water supply and the mechanisms
of streamflow generation and change.
Deglamming as Estrangement: Ugly in Monster, The Hours, and Cake
Authors: Pearl Sharrona 
Published: March 2020

In this paper, I explore female actresses undergoing radical or seemingly radical physical transformation in service of a broader kind of career transformation. I problematize the simple calculation of deglamming, thinking more closely about the ways that celebrity structure raises challenges to actors and especially actresses attempting to engage with against-type characters. I turn specifically to three well-known examples of this trend: Charlize Theron in Monster (2003), Nicole Kidman in The Hours (2002), and Jennifer Aniston in Cake (2014). I argue that the process we see is not about deglamming (or getting ugly) for its own sake. Deglamming in these cases is a process of estrangement: from beauty, from the celebrity machine, from audience expectations. I draw on screen shots, film reviews and interviews to explore the relationship between deglamming and estrangement as a kind of acting and character technique, paying particular attention to the stakes for presenting historical characters in biopics. And while the three films I examine here – Monster, The Hours, and Cake – are often thought together as examples of actress Oscar uglification, they are actually quite different, both in terms of the physical transformations the actresses underwent in service of their characters, and the ways in which these transformations were understood and received.
The Youth Development Workforce: The People, the Profession, and the Possibilities
Authors: Borden Lynne M. , Conn Michael , Mull Casey D. , Wilkens Michele 
Published: March 2020

Understanding the role of youth workers and promoting an accurate representation of these professionals and their work requires a focus on current research, practice, and policies that capture the challenges and opportunities of the youth development workforce. An overview of this special issue of the Journal of Youth Development examines efforts to support individual youth workers, strategies organizations use to prepare and assist youth workers, and system approaches to building the capacity of the workforce in key areas such as quality and social emotional learning, and concludes with an encapsulation of interviews with 10 key leaders nationwide. They identified the overarching task as one of identification of the elements that can make the field cohesive across the different settings and programs, while supporting youth in their growth through experiences that are rooted in the science of learning and development. Finally, this special issue offers the opportunity to better understand the youth workers, examine different types of professional development pathways, explore the role that systems can play in support of these workers, and reflect on the challenges and opportunities raised by key leaders in the profession.
COMBUSTION ENERGY AND FOSSIL (NON-BIOBASED) CO2 EMISSIONS FROM RUBBER COMPOUNDS UNDER COMPLETE COMBUSTION BY BOMB CALORIMETER BASED ON ISO 20463 METHODS
Authors: Kunioka Masao , Saito Akira , Nakajima Mari , Araki Shunji 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Combustion energy (gross calorific value) and total CO2 emissions from 11 model rubber compounds, polyurethane, and other materials related to rubber products during a one-time complete combustion were measured sequentially using methods in accordance with ISO 20463 using a bomb calorimeter. Eleven model rubber compounds and biobased polyurethane were prepared for these measurements. The combustion energies of the model rubber compounds were found to be 27 900 to 40 700 J/g. These measured combustion energies, after subtraction of the combustion energy of carbon black (CBK), were related linearly to the carbon content of these samples without CBK. A difference in the combustion energy of rubber products and that of CBK was observed. From these results, an estimation via the calculation of the combustion energy of the rubber products was developed from the formulation of the rubber product. Total CO2 emissions could be calculated by the results of total volume and the CO2 concentration of combustion gas collected from a bomb used for the measurement of combustion energies. The total CO2 emissions of these samples were 1.83 to 3.02 g/g. The relationship between total CO2 emission from model rubber compounds and the theoretical CO2 emission calculated from the carbon content of these samples was linear. It was found that these methods had high precision. High reproducibility of the methods for such measurement was confirmed by the use of a round-robin test, which was carried out by six Japanese chemical laboratories.
Integrative analysis of dysregulated lncRNA-associated ceRNA network reveals potential lncRNA biomarkers for human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Chengyun , Zhang Wenwen , Yang Hanteng , Xiang Jilian , Wang Xinghua , Wang Junling 
Published: March 2020

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis and a high incidence. The molecular changes and novel biomarkers of HCC need to be identified to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. We investigated the current research concentrations of HCC and identified the transcriptomics-related biomarkers of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) database.

Methods
We investigated the current research concentrations of HCC using literature metrology analysis for studies conducted from 2008 to 2018. We identified long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that correlated with the clinical features and survival prognoses of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA) database. Differentially expressed genes (lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs) were also identified by TCGA datasets in HCC tumor tissues. A lncRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed from lncRNAs based on intersected lncRNAs. Survival times and the association between the expression levels of the key lncRNAs of the ceRNA network and the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC patients were analyzed using TCGA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the reliability of the results in tissue samples from 20 newly-diagnosed HCC patients.

Results
Analysis of the literature pertaining to HCC research revealed that current research is focused on lncRNA functions in tumorigenesis and tumor development. A total of 128 HCC dysregulated lncRNAs were identified; 66 were included in the co-expressed ceRNA network. We analyzed survival times and the associations between the expression of 66 key lncRNAs and the clinicopathological features of the HCC patients identified from TCGA. Twenty-six lncRNAs were associated with clinical features of HCC (P < 0.05) and six key lncRNAs were associated with survival time (log-rank test P < 0.05). Six key lncRNAs were selected for the validation of their expression levels in 20 patients with newly diagnosed HCC using qRT-PCR. Consistent fold changes in the trends of up and down regulation between qRT-PCR validation and TCGA proved the reliability of our bioinformatics analysis.

Conclusions
We used integrative bioinformatics analysis of the TCGA datasets to improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved with the functional features of lncRNAs in HCC. The results revealed that lncRNAs are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of HCC.
Managing non-releasable animals following rehabilitation: the current management framework in New South Wales, recent trends and a stakeholder consultative review
Authors: Mo Matthew , Oliver Robert 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Although the ultimate goal of wildlife rehabilitation is to return animals to the wild, some are permanently unable to be released. Some non-releasable animals may be suitable for permanent care. The National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS) has the statutory role for arranging the appropriate placement of these animals in New South Wales. Under the current management framework, wildlife rehabilitators may apply for the permanent care of non-releasable animals under certain circumstances. If such an application is refused or not sought, NPWS ballots animals to suitable zoological parks and other exhibitors licensed by the Department of Primary Industries. The Frog and Tadpole Study Group rehomes non-releasable frogs with amphibian keepers licensed by NPWS. Between 2014 and 2018, 165 rehabilitation animals were placed under this framework, the majority of which were mammals (54%) and birds (41%). NPWS undertook a review of the framework in consultation with 17 stakeholder organisations. The review explored the need for a consistent approach to assessing animals as non-releasable, opposing views on when animals should be euthanased, the appropriateness of placing wild-born animals with exhibitors, and policy deficiencies resulting in placements that are not necessarily the best possible welfare outcome for the animal nor the best possible conservation outcome for the species. As non-releasable animals present themselves under a wide range of circumstances, the management framework requires a balance between consistency and pragmatism to achieve optimal animal welfare and conservation outcomes.
Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Pittosporum floribundum Wight. & Arn. – A Review
Authors: Gunsai Kishangiri Kirtigiri , Gandhi Abhay Jayprakash , Acharya Rabinarayan , Shukla V. J. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Pittosporum floribundum Wight & Arn. (Pittosporaceae) has been associated with many therapeutic claims, especially for its ethnomedicinal and economical uses. In this review, an extensive literature survey was carried out to compile information available about its medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties.
Materials and Methods: Ethnobotanical uses of P. floribundum reported in available books on ethnobotany and ethnomedicinal research articles have been compiled. The obtained data are arranged in a tabular form, enlisting its local names, their area of presence and parts used. Therapeutic indications, external or internal dosage form and usage of the drug are also noted.
Results and Discussion: It was found that stem bark, leaves, and root of P. floribundum are used to combat itching, rheumatism, leprosy, sprain, eczema, arthritis, diabetes, chest pain and antidote for snake bite. Bark has maximum applications in leprosy, and sprain. The extracts of the different parts were subjected to phytochemical screening for the presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, lignins, anthroquinones, steroids, tannins, saponins, fixed oils and glycosides. Studies have shown that the methanolic extract of bark having promising antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuropharmacological and behaviour activities.
Conclusion: P. floribundum has multifaceted uses in varied aspects thus underlining its significance. Reported claimed anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities can be further strengthened through pharmacological and clinical studies to establish the ethnic claims like leprosy, sprain, bruises, sciatica, pulmonary affection and phthisis.
Meiboscore Correlation between Contact Lenses Weares and No Contact Lenses Weares in a Young Population
Authors: Pateras E. , Karabatsas K. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To compare the morphological changes in the meibomian glands and meibomian glands loss between contact lens and non-contact lenses wears in a young population. The contact lens wearers wore C.L. for max 6 years.
Methods: Examination of the meibomian gland (MG) by using a corneal topographer CSO MODI 2 incorporating Phoenix-Meibography Imaging software module from January to June 2019. 80 volunteered students of the University of West Attics participated, and all the subjects selected had no obvious ophthalmological symptoms, aged 19 to 22 years.
Results: The Arithmetic mean of Meiboscore for those who did not wear C.L. was 1,23 MGL, while for the C.L. wearers was 2,53 MGL.
Conclusion: This Clinical research compares the meiboscore of contact lens wearers at a young age (min. 4 years contact lens wearers) and those who never tried to wear. This study showed that there is a relation between meibomian glands loss (MGL) and contact lens wear. Our observations showed that there a small but positive correlation, as the total period of C.L. wear increases the meiboscore increases. In addition, cumulative frequency % showed this slight increase in meiboscore.
Staphylococci evade the innate immune response by disarming neutrophils and forming biofilms
Authors: de Vor Lisanne , Rooijakkers Suzan H. M. , van Strijp Jos A. G. 
Published: March 2020

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis can cause many types of infections, ranging from skin infections to implant‐associated infections. The primary innate immune response against bacterial infections involves complement activation, recruitment of phagocytes (most importantly neutrophils), and subsequent killing of the pathogen. However, staphylococci are not innocent bystanders; they actively obstruct this immune attack. To do that, S. aureus secretes several immune‐evasion proteins to resist attack by the innate immune system. Furthermore, S. aureus and S. epidermidis are known for their ability to form biofilms on implanted medical devices and host tissues, which provides another important immune‐evasion mechanism. Understanding these different strategies to resist immune attack will help to develop novel therapies against staphylococcal infections.
Overexpression of GLT1D1 induces immunosuppression through glycosylation of PD‐L1 and predicts poor prognosis in B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Liu Xiaoxia , Zhang Yanyu , Han Yi , Lu Wenhua , Yang Jing , Tian Jingyu , Sun Peng , Yu Tiantian , Hu Yumin , Zhang Hui , Huang Peng , Liu Panpan 
Published: March 2020

B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a class of heterogeneous diseases with variable clinical outcomes. Immunosuppression is particularly common in the subtypes of lymphoma with poor prognosis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using a RT‐PCR array analysis, we have identified that glycosyltransferase 1 domain‐containing 1 (GLT1D1), an enzyme that transfers glycosyl groups to proteins, is highly upregulated in the incurable subtype of B‐cell NHL and in early relapse diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Analysis of clinical specimens revealed that GLT1D1 expression was positively correlated with the level of glycosylated programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) in B‐cell NHL and that high GLT1D1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Mechanistically, we showed that GLT1D1 transferred N‐linked glycans to PD‐L1, thus promoting the immunosuppressive function of glycosylated PD‐L1. Downregulation of GLT1D1 resulted in a decrease of glycosylated PD‐L1 and enhanced cytotoxic T‐cell function against lymphoma cells. In vivo, overexpression of GLT1D1 promoted tumor growth by facilitating tumor immune escape through increased levels of PD‐L1. Our work has identified GLT1D1 as a predictive biomarker for B‐cell NHL. It has also shown that this enzyme enhances PD‐L1 stabilization via N‐glycosylation, thus promoting immunosuppression and tumor growth. As such, GLT1D1 might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of B‐NHL.
Efficacy of a Modified Health Assessment Utilized on Two Genetically Distinct Stocks of Rainbow Trout
Authors: Martinelli Laura , Harris Olivia , Collins Michael T. , Kebus Myron 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss is a salmonid fish that is maintained in aquaculture facilities and used as a source of protein around the world. Veterinarians need accurate, efficient tools and straightforward assessments to evaluate the health status of fish, like Rainbow Trout, that are cultivated on farms. In this study, two genetically distinct broodstock lines of Rainbow Trout originally obtained from two different U.S. states but propagated at Rushing Waters Trout Farm (Palmyra, Wisconsin) were evaluated. Groups originating from both states (State A: n =20; State B: n =20) were surveyed with a modified health assessment in a prospective, randomized, single-blind study. The adapted health assessment included external and internal gross evaluations, skin scrapes, gill clips, intestinal scrapes, and calculated indices, including condition factor and the hepatosomatic index. Generally, there were few significant differences in health assessment values between State A and State B fish. When this information was presented to the producer, it was discovered that perceived differences between groups were due to management errors in calculated growth rates. The results of this study add validity to the use of standardized health assessments for evaluating fish within aquaculture.
Precision Medicine Approach to Develop and Internally Validate Optimal Exercise and Weight‐Loss Treatments for Overweight and Obese Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis: Data From a Single‐Center Randomized Trial
Authors: Jiang Xiaotong , Nelson Amanda E. , Cleveland Rebecca J. , Beavers Daniel P. , Schwartz Todd A. , Arbeeva Liubov , Alvarez Carolina , Callahan Leigh F. , Messier Stephen , Loeser Richard , Kosorok Michael R. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo apply a precision medicine approach to determine the optimal treatment regime for participants in an exercise (E), dietary weight loss (D), and D + E trial for knee osteoarthritis that would maximize their expected outcomes.MethodsUsing data from 343 participants of the Intensive Diet and Exercise for Arthritis (IDEA) trial, we applied 24 machine‐learning models to develop individualized treatment rules on 7 outcomes: Short Form 36 physical component score, weight loss, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain/function/stiffness scores, compressive force, and interleukin‐6 level. The optimal model was selected based on jackknife value function estimates that indicate improvement in the outcomes if future participants follow the estimated decision rule compared to the optimal single, fixed treatment model.ResultsMultiple outcome random forest was the optimal model for the WOMAC outcomes. For the other outcomes, list‐based models were optimal. For example, the estimated optimal decision rule for weight loss indicated assigning the D + E intervention to participants with baseline weight not exceeding 109.35 kg and waist circumference above 90.25 cm, and assigning D to all other participants except those with a history of a heart attack. If applied to future participants, the optimal rule for weight loss is estimated to increase average weight loss to 11.2 kg at 18 months, contrasted with 9.8 kg if all participants received D + E (P= 0.01).ConclusionThe precision medicine models supported the overall findings from IDEA that the D + E intervention was optimal for most participants, but there was evidence that a subgroup of participants would likely benefit more from diet alone for 2 outcomes.
Small Protein Hidden in lncRNA LOC90024 Promotes “Cancerous” RNA Splicing and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Meng Nan , Chen Min , Chen De , Chen Xin‐Hui , Wang Ji‐Zhong , Zhu Song , He Yu‐Tian , Zhang Xiao‐Lan , Lu Rui‐Xun , Yan Guang‐Rong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConventional therapies for late‐stage colorectal cancer (CRC) have limited effects because of chemoresistance, recurrence, and metastasis. The “hidden” proteins/peptides encoded by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be a novel resource bank for therapeutic options for patients with cancer. Here, lncRNA LOC90024 is discovered to encode a small 130‐amino acid protein that interacts with several splicing regulators, such as serine‐ and arginine‐rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3), to regulate mRNA splicing, and the protein thus is named “Splicing Regulatory Small Protein” (SRSP). SRSP, but not LOC90024 lncRNA itself, promotes CRC tumorigenesis and progression, while silencing of SRSP suppresses CRC tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, SRSP increases the binding of SRSF3 to exon 3 of transcription factor Sp4, resulting in the inclusion of Sp4 exon 3 to induce the formation of the “cancerous” long Sp4 isoform (L‐Sp4 protein) and inhibit the formation of the “noncancerous” short Sp4 isoform (S‐Sp4 peptide), which lacks the transactivation domain. The upregulated SRSP level is positively associated with malignant phenotypes and poor prognosis in patients with CRC. Collectively, the findings uncover that a lncRNA‐encoded small protein SRSP induces “cancerous” Sp4 splicing variant formation and may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with CRC.
Concentration‐dependent molecular diffusion coefficient of gaseous ethane in liquid toluene
Authors: Khalifi Mohammad , Sabet Nasser , Zirrahi Mohsen , Hassanzadeh Hassan , Abedi Jalal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report new experimental data on concentration‐dependent molecular diffusion coefficient of ethane in toluene at temperatures ranging from 21 to 125°C and pressures up to 4.14 MPa. An analytical model has also been developed for estimation of the diffusion coefficient utilizing the experimental data of the interface velocity as a result of swelling and the rate of gas dissolution in the liquid phase. It is shown that the diffusion coefficient of ethane in toluene is dependent on the initial mass fraction of the gaseous component in the liquid. In addition, the effect of concentration dependency of the molecular diffusion coefficient on diffusive mass flux is quantified. The results reveal that the assumption of a constant diffusion coefficient introduces ~10–60% error in calculation of diffusional mass transfer flux. The developed methodology finds application in estimation of the concentration‐dependent molecular diffusion coefficient of gases in liquids.