bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying prey availability using the foraging plasticity of a marine predator, the little penguin
Authors: Cavallo Catherine , Chiaradia André , Deagle Bruce E. , Hays Graeme C. , Jarman Simon , McInnes Julie C. , Ropert‐Coudert Yan , Sánchez Sonia , Reina Richard D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Detecting changes in marine food webs is challenging, but top predators can provide information on lower trophic levels. However, many commonly measured predator responses can be decoupled from prey availability by plasticity in predator foraging effort. This can be overcome by directly measuring foraging effort and success and integrating these into a measure of foraging efficiency analogous to the catch per unit effort (CPUE) index employed by fisheries.

We extended existing CPUE methods so that they would be applicable to the study of generalist foragers, which introduce another layer of complexity through dietary plasticity. Using this method, we inferred species‐specific patterns in prey availability and estimated taxon‐specific biomass consumption.

We recorded foraging trip duration and body mass change of breeding little penguins Eudyptula minor and combined these with diet composition identified via non‐invasive faecal DNA metabarcoding to derive CPUE indices for individual prey taxa.

We captured weekly patterns of availability of key fish prey in the penguins’ diet and identified a major prey shift from sardine Sardinops sagax to red cod Pseudophycis bachus between years. In each year, predation on a dominant fish species (~150 g/day) was replaced by greater diversity of fish in the diet as the breeding season progressed. We estimated that the colony extracted ~1,300 tonnes of biomass from their coastal ecosystem over two breeding seasons, including 219 tonnes of the commercially important sardine and 215 tonnes of red cod.

This enhanced pCPUE is applicable to most central‐placed foragers and offers a valuable alternative to existing metrics. Informed prey‐species biomass estimates extracted by apex and meso predators will be a useful input for mass‐balance ecosystem models and for informing ecosystem‐based management.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of the total and active Vibrio spp. populations throughout the Changjiang estuary in China
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Liu Jiwen , Liang Jinchang , Sun Hao , Zhang Xiao‐Hua 
Published: July 2020

SummaryVibrio is ubiquitously distributed in marine environments and is the most extensively characterized group within Gammaproteobacteria. Studies have investigated Vibrio spp. worldwide, but mostly focused on pathogenic vibrios and based on cultivation methods. Here, using a combination of molecular and culturing methods, we investigated the dynamics of the total and active Vibrio spp. throughout the Changjiang estuary in China. The total Vibrio abundance was higher in summer (~6.59 × 103 copies ml−1) than in winter (~1.85 × 103 copies ml−1) and increased from freshwater to saltwater (e.g. 8.04 × 101 to 9.39 × 103 copies ml−1 in summer). The ratio of active to total Vibrio (Va/Vt) revealed a high activity of vibrios, with remarkable differences between freshwater and saltwater (p < 0.05). Based on the community compositions of the culturable, total and active Vibrio, Vibrio atlanticus and Vibrio owensii were the dominant and active species in winter and summer, respectively. The distribution of Vibrio was governed by the effects of diverse environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and SiO32−. Our study clearly demonstrates the spatiotemporal dynamics of total and active Vibrio spp. and lays a foundation for fully understanding the ecological roles of marine Vibrio.
Aeromedical retrievals in Queensland: A five‐year review
Authors: Franklin Richard C , King Jemma C , Aitken Peter J , Elcock Mark S , Lawton Luke , Robertson Anita , Mazur Stefan M , Edwards Kristin , Leggat Peter A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveAeromedical services are an essential part of the healthcare system. Centralised coordination of aeromedical retrieval tasking offers benefits for safety, timeliness and efficiency in service delivery. The aim of the present study is to review aeromedical retrievals in Queensland exploring patient demographics, temporal patterns and usage characteristics.MethodsThis is a retrospective cases series for the period 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014 incorporating data from Retrieval Services Queensland and Queensland Newborn Emergency Transport Service. Ethics approval was obtained (JCU‐HREC H6137 and Public Health Act #RD005673). Descriptive analysis of the de‐identified data was undertaken included patient demographics, referral and receiving locations, retrieval platform and acuity of transport request.ResultsThere were 73 042 aeromedical retrievals undertaken during the period, with an average of 40 cases per day (range 16–89). The majority (95%) of retrievals were for Queensland residents. Overall 23.1% of cases were cardiology‐related and 12.7% were injury‐related. Older adults aged 75–84 years had the highest rate of retrievals relative to the population with a crude rate of 942.4 per 100 000 per annum. Overall 14.9% of cases were Priority 1, which represents the tasking with the highest acuity but majority were Priority 4 (41.6%). One third (37.6%) of all patients were from inner regional locations.ConclusionsPotential investments in health service planning may alleviate the burden on aeromedical services, particularly related to cardiology services in inner and outer regional Queensland. Aeromedical services are pivotal in enabling all sick and injured residents' access to the highest quality of care regardless of the remoteness of their residence.
Protein quality and safety evaluation of sarcoplasmic protein derived from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) using a rat model
Authors: Warren Derek , Soule Lynsey , Taylor Kathryn , Skinner R. Chris , Ku Kang Mo , Matak Kristen , Benedito Vagner A. , Tou Janet C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConsisting of 25 to 30% of protein in carp, water‐soluble sarcoplasmic proteins lost in wash water, have been recovered and freeze‐dried into a protein‐rich powder. Study objectives were to evaluate protein quality and safety of a silver carp sarcoplasm derived protein powder (CSP) compared to commercial protein supplements, casein, and whey. In vivo protein quality assessment of CSP showed a lower (P < 0.05) protein digestibility corrected amino acid score compared to the commercial protein sources. Despite greater (P < 0.05) fecal amino acid excretion in casein‐fed rats, there were no significant differences in liver and muscle amino acid profiles. All low (10% kcal) protein diets supported growth with the normal range. However, whey protein supplementation resulted in greater (P < 0.05) adiposity. CSP, casein, or whey‐fed rats showed no differences in major organ weights, renal damage biomarkers, or bone indices. Collectively, results indicated CSP was safe with protein quality comparable to casein.Practical ApplicationAs much as 40 percent of protein in fish can be lost due to sarcoplasmic protein solubilization in processing wash water. Silver carp sarcoplasm protein powder may have similar commercial potential as a sustainable and nutritious alternative to whey and casein proteins. This project aimed to verify the protein quality and safety of this economical protein source.
High‐contiguity genome assembly of the chemosynthetic gammaproteobacterial endosymbiont of the cold seep tubeworm Lamellibrachia barhami
Authors: Breusing Corinna , Schultz Darrin T. , Sudek Sebastian , Worden Alexandra Z. , Young Curtis Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSymbiotic relationships between vestimentiferan tubeworms and chemosynthetic Gammaproteobacteria build the foundations of many hydrothermal vent and hydrocarbon seep ecosystems in the deep sea. The association between the vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila and its endosymbiont Candidatus Endoriftia persephone has become a model system for symbiosis research in deep‐sea vestimentiferans, while markedly fewer studies have investigated symbiotic relationships in other tubeworm species, especially at cold seeps. Here we sequenced the endosymbiont genome of the tubeworm Lamellibrachia barhami from a cold seep in the Gulf of California, using short‐ and long‐read sequencing technologies in combination with Hi‐C and Dovetail Chicago libraries. Our final assembly had a size of ~4.17 MB, a GC content of 54.54%, 137X coverage, 4153 coding sequences, and a CheckM completeness score of 97.19%. A single scaffold contained 99.51% of the genome. Comparative genomic analyses indicated that the L. barhami symbiont shares a set of core genes and many metabolic pathways with other vestimentiferan symbionts, while containing 433 unique gene clusters that comprised a variety of transposases, defence‐related genes and a lineage‐specific CRISPR/Cas3 system. This assembly represents the most contiguous tubeworm symbiont genome resource to date and will be particularly valuable for future comparative genomic studies investigating structural genome evolution, physiological adaptations and host‐symbiont communication in chemosynthetic animal‐microbe symbioses.
Genomic characteristics and drug screening among organoids derived from non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Chen Jing‐Hua , Chu Xiang‐Peng , Zhang Jia‐Tao , Nie Qiang , Tang Wen‐Fang , Su Jian , Yan Hong‐Hong , Zheng Hong‐Ping , Chen Ze‐Xin , Chen Xin , Song Meng‐Meng , Yi Xin , Li Pan‐Song , Guan Yan‐Fang , Li Gang , Deng Chu‐Xia , Rosell Rafael , Wu Yi‐Long , Zhong Wen‐Zhao 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPatient‐derived organoid (PDO) models are highly valuable and have potentially widespread clinical applications. However, limited information is available regarding organoid models of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to characterize the consistency between primary tumors in NSCLC and PDOs and to explore the applications of PDOs as preclinical models to understand and predict treatment response during lung cancer.MethodsFresh tumor samples were harvested for organoid culture. Primary tumor samples and PDOs were analyzed via whole‐exome sequencing. Paired samples were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. There were 26 antineoplastic drugs tested in the PDOs. Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Titer Glo assay 7–10 days after drug treatment. A heatmap of log‐transformed values of the half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations was generated on the basis of drug responses of PDOs through nonlinear regression (curve fit). A total of 12 patients (stages I–III) were enrolled, and 7 paired surgical tumors and PDOs were analyzed.ResultsPDOs retained the histological and genetic characteristics of the primary tumors. The concordance between tumors and PDOs in mutations in the top 20 NSCLC‐related genes was >80% in five patients. Sample purity was significantly and positively associated with variant allele frequency (Pearson r = 0.82, P = 0.0005) and chromosome stability. The in vitro response to drug screening with PDOs revealed high correlation with the mutation profiles in the primary tumors.ConclusionsPDOs are highly credible models for detecting NSCLC and for prospective prediction of the treatment response for personalized precision medicine.Key pointsLung cancer organoid models could save precious time of drug testing on patients, and accurately select anticancer drugs according to the drug sensitivity results, so as to provide a powerful supplement and verification for the gene sequencing.
Recommendations and exploration of diagnosis and treatment of critical and refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated adverse events
Authors: Song Peng , Wang Hanping , Si Xiaoyan , Guo Xiaoxiao , Li Yue , Zhou Jiaixin , Duan Lian , Zhang Li , Wang Mengzhao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has rewritten many malignant tumor treatment strategies and become another milestone in tumor treatment. This article summarizes the latest domestic and international guidelines and consensus regarding the diagnosis and treatment of grade 3–4 immune‐related adverse effects (irAEs). Included are the findings of annual meetings of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), National Comprehensive Cancer Network/American Society for Clinical Oncology (NCCN/ASCO), the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), and the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) with review of case reports and related reviews of irAEs that were published before 20 May 2019. The recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of irAEs are supplemented, highlighting the successful application of specific immunosuppressive drugs in different irAEs, including IL‐6 blockade, anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, antitumor necrosis factor alpha and anti‐integrin 4 monoclonal antibodies, thrombopoietin receptor agonist, and antithymocyte globulin. This article questions the use of steroid hormones for irAEs in ultra‐large doses, upgrades, and repeated use, and emphasizes that it is important to note secondary infections, tumor progression, and the inability to meet the challenges of ICIs. Herein, we propose the principle of “stepping down treatment” for critical and refractory irAEs, and suggest that the use of specific immunosuppressive drugs such as cytokine‐targeted drugs should be initiated as soon as possible. Many irAEs in the era of immunotherapy are unprecedented in the era of traditional chemotherapy and small molecule targeted therapy, and this constantly challenges the knowledge reserve and clinical skills of oncologists. Therefore, the establishment of a multidisciplinary discussion system for cancer is extremely important.
Collembola community structure under different land management in subtropical Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Filho Luís Carlos Iuñes , Zeppelini Douglas , Sousa José Paulo , Baretta Dilmar , Klauberg‐Filho Osmar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTillage systems in conservation agriculture such as no‐tillage (NT) and crop‐livestock integration (CLI) have been proposed to limit the negative impacts of intensive agriculture. Soil organisms such as Collembola are good indicators because they respond to a variety of environmental and ecological factors and their community structure indicates a change in land management. In this study, we propose to assess the relationships between springtail biodiversity in management systems with a history of NT and CLI. For both management systems, nine points were sampled, distributed in a 30 × 30 m sampling grid, in three municipalities on the Southern Santa Catarina Plateau, Brazil. Springtails were collected using a metal cylinder (5 cm diameter × 5 cm deep) and identified at the species level. At the same point, samples were collected to evaluate soil properties (chemical, physical and microbiological). In total, 538 individuals were collected, distributed in 24 species, 293 individuals (18 species) in NT and 245 individuals (17 species) in the CLI system. Soil management systems studied did not affect the total number of individuals and richness. The NT system had a greater association with epigeic species, while the CLI system was more associated with hemiedaphic and edaphic species, which is related to the site‐specific differences in soil conditions. In both soil management systems, the species were influenced by a range of soil properties. The speciesIsotomurussp. 1 andLepidocyrtussp. 1 were more influenced by soil properties in the NT system, while the speciesProisotomasp. 1,Sminthurinussp. 1 andTullbergia antarcticawere more influenced by soil properties in the CLI system, compared to the others. Collembola community structure and species diversity were modified by the soil management systems. Our results suggest that the Collembola community may indicate changes across land management systems in conservation agriculture.
Epidemiology of cutaneous sebaceous carcinoma
Authors: Wu Albert , Rajak Saul N , Chiang Chun‐Ju , Lee Wen‐Chung , Huilgol Shyamala C , Selva Dinesh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere has been uncertainty about the demographics and anatomical distribution of cutaneous sebaceous carcinoma. This study aims to investigate these uncertainties by analysing data from various countries. Data were obtained from cancer registries of the United States, England, Norway and Taiwan, and incidence rates were calculated with uniform age‐adjustment. sebaceous carcinoma was more commonly reported in males than females in white populations, whereas the inverse was true in Taiwan. Ocular sebaceous carcinoma was more commonly reported in females than males in all populations, despite male predominance in white populations. The majority (approx. 70–90%) occurred on head and neck in Asians and whites. Age‐adjusted incidence rate (to the 2000–2025 WHO World Standard Population) ranged from 0.07 to 0.18 per 100 000 person‐years and was not higher in Taiwanese than in white populations.
Black Geographies of Respite: Relief, Recuperation, and Resonance at Florida A&M University
Authors: Allen Douglas L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, I argue thatplaces of respiteprovide relief from the burdens of oppressive articulations and experiences of society and space and are produced through three general practices:reliefas a practice that mitigates psychological and physical burdens of oppression;recuperationas a form of (self‐)care that can help heal harms; andaffirmative resonanceas a practice of counter‐storytelling that challenges hegemonic social narratives and internalises affirmative narratives for marginalised peoples. Through a case study with members of the Marching 100 at Florida A&M University (FAMU), I demonstrate how these relational practices produce FAMU as a multiscalar place of respite for black students. Finally, I claim that places of respite, produced through a black sense of place, offer scholars interested in affirmative black geographies an ontological object produced by (and productive of) visions and practices of black life and produced for the celebration and protection of black lives.
Volume blood flow‐based indices of fetal brain sparing in the second half of pregnancy: A longitudinal study
Authors: Stefopoulou Maria , Johnson Jonas , Wilsgaard Tom , Lindgren Peter , Herling Lotta , Kiserud Torvid , Acharya Ganesh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionCerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and umbilicocerebral ratio (UCR) are clinically used as a measure of fetal brain sparing. These are calculated as the ratios between the pulsatility indices (PIs) of middle cerebral (MCA) and umbilical (UA) arteries, and are an indirect representation of the balance between cerebral and placental perfusion. Volume blood flow (Q)‐based ratios, ie Q‐CPR or Q‐UCR, would directly reflect the distribution of fetal cardiac output to the placenta and brain. Thus, we aimed to determine the development pattern of Q‐CPR and Q‐UCR during the second half of pregnancy, construct reference intervals, and evaluate their association with CPR and UCR.Material and methodsIn a longitudinal cohort study of low‐risk pregnancies, the inner diameter of the fetal superior vena cava (SVC) and umbilical vein (UV) was measured and velocity waveforms were obtained from the MCA, UA, UV and SVC using ultrasound at approximately 4‐weekly intervals from 20 to 41 weeks. The CPR was calculated as PIMCA/PIUA and the inverse ratio was the UCR. Cerebral and placental blood flows were estimated as the product of mean velocity and cross‐sectional area of the SVC and UV, respectively. Q‐CPR was calculated as QSVC/QUV and the inverse as the Q‐UCR. Gestational age‐specific reference intervals were calculated and associations between variables were tested using multilevel regression modeling.ResultsLongitudinal reference intervals of Q‐CPR and Q‐UCR were established based on 471 paired measurements of QSVC and QUV obtained serially from 134 singleton pregnancies. The mean Q‐CPR increased from 0.4 to 0.8 during the second half of pregnancy and Q‐UCR declined from 2.5 to 1.3, while the CPR and UCR had U‐shaped curves but in opposite directions. No significant correlation was found between CPR and Q‐CPR (R = 0.10; P = .051), or UCR and Q‐UCR (R = 0.09; P = .11), and the agreement between PI‐based and Q‐based indices of fetal brain sparing was poor.ConclusionsIndices of fetal brain sparing based on placental and cerebral volume blood flow differ from those calculated from UA and MCA PIs. They correlated poorly with conventional CPR and UCR, indicating that they may provide additional/different physiological information. Reference values of Q‐CPR and Q‐UCR established here can be useful to investigate their clinical value further.
Behavioral Benefits of a Process‐Focused Workout Program: A Quasi‐Experimental Test
Authors: Furman Celina R. , Rothman Alexander J. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundResearch suggests that focusing on the process of losing weight (i.e. how to eat and exercise) may be more advantageous for sustained engagement with goal pursuit than focusing on weight loss itself. However, gym‐based weight loss programs focus almost exclusively on outcomes (e.g. weight, appearance). Using a quasi‐experimental design, this study provides a test of subjective and behavioral outcomes of a process‐ versus an outcome‐focused approach integrated into an 8‐week workout challenge at four fitness studios.MethodsFour hundred and forty‐eight individuals who were enrolled in the workout challenge consented to participate in study assessments at the start of the 8‐week challenge, the end of the 8‐week challenge, and again 8 weeks later.ResultsThe process‐ and outcome‐focused programs produced similar subjective experiences, but the process‐focused program was associated with greater workout attendance, more adoption of supplemental weight‐loss strategies, and higher completion of the program requirements.ConclusionsAs compared to traditional outcome‐focused approaches, process‐focused weight loss programs may elicit behavioral benefits, such as maintaining engagement with the behavioral demands of weight loss.
Minimally invasive hybrid surgery: A salvage tumor enucleation for local recurrence of thoracic esophageal carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kanamori Jun , Abe Seiichiro , Kurita Daisuke , Ishiyama Koshiro , Hirano Yuki , Oguma Junya , Oda Ichiro , Saito Yutaka , Daiko Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLocal recurrence after definitive chemoradiation for esophageal carcinoma is associated with poor outcomes. Although salvage esophagectomy is a standard treatment that offers a chance of long‐term survival, the procedure is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Minimally invasive hybrid surgery (MIHS) employs thoracoscopic and esophagoscopic procedures and is generally used to treat benign esophageal submucosal tumors. A 64‐year‐old man with thoracic esophageal carcinoma experienced local relapse after definitive chemoradiation. He underwent MIHS and was discharged 18 days after surgery with a slight degree of stricture. Pathological findings revealed squamous cell carcinoma with no residual tumor in the resection margins, and the patient remains free from cancer relapse 24 months after surgery. Here, we report the findings in this patient, in whom MIHS was successfully performed as a salvage tumor enucleation for local recurrence of esophageal carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy.