bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulation of surface biofunctionalized 3D printed porous titanium implants
Authors: Razzi F , Fratila-Apachitei L E , Fahy N , Bastiaansen-Jenniskens Y M , Apachitei I , Farrell E , Zadpoor A A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) techniques have provided many opportunities for the rational design of porous metallic biomaterials with complex and precisely controlled topologies that give rise to unprecedented combinations of mechanical, physical, and biological properties. These favorable properties can be enhanced by surface biofunctionalization to enable full tissue regeneration and minimize the risk of implant-associated infections (IAIs). There is, however, an increasing need to investigate the immune responses triggered by surface biofunctionalized AM porous metals. Here, we studied the immunomodulatory effects of AM porous titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) printed using selective laser melting, and of two additional groups consisting of AM implants surface biofunctionalized using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) with/without silver nanoparticles. The responses of human primary macrophages and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) were studied in terms of cell viability, cell morphology and biomarkers of macrophage polarization. Non-treated AM porous titanium triggered a strong pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, albeit combined with signs of anti-inflammatory effects. The PEO treatment of AM porous titanium implants showed a higher potential to induce polarization towards a pro-repair macrophage phenotype. We detected no cytotoxicity against hMSCs in any of the groups. However, the incorporation of silver nanoparticles resulted in strong cytotoxicity against attached macrophages. The results of this study indicate the potential immunomodulatory effects of the AM porous titanium enhanced with PEO treatment, and point towards caution and further research when using silver nanoparticles for preventing IAIs.
Electronic, transport and optical properties in perovskite compound LaGaO3
Authors: Zitouni H , Tahiri N , El Bounagui O , Ez-Zahraouy H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The perovskite-type oxides ABO3 have a multifunctional application in different area such as promising new anode for rechargeable batteries (Ni/MH), photovoltaic and photochromic, because of their properties variety. In this work, we interested on the calculation of the electronic, optical and transport properties of the lanthanum gallate perovskite oxides compound, using the first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. We determined the exchange and correlation effects by a Generalized Gradient Approximation of Perdew−Burke−Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE). As results the energy gaps of LaGaO3 compound with GGA-PBE have been found as 3.61 eV, from the transport properties we notice that LaGaO3 is P-type materials with electrical conductivity varied from 0 (Ω.m.s)−1 at 0 K to 10 × 1020 (Ω.m.s)−1 at 800 K.
Mechanical behavior, enhanced dc resistivity, energy band gap and high temperature magnetic properties of Y-substituted Mg–Zn ferrites
Authors: Ali M A , Khan M N I , Hossain M M , Chowdhury F-U-Z , Hossain M N , Rashid R , Hakim M A , Hoque S M , Uddin M M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report the synthesis of Y-substituted Mg–Zn [Mg0.5Zn0.5Y
x
Fe2−x
O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.05)] ferrites using conventional standard ceramic technique. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), FTIR spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy and quantum design physical properties measurement system (PPMS). XRD patterns confirm the single phase cubic spinel structure up to x = 0.03 and appearance of a secondary phase of YFeO3 for higher Y contents. FESEM images depict the distribution of grains and EDS spectra confirmed the absence of any unwanted element. Completion of solid state reaction and formation of spinel structure has been revealed from FTIR spectra. The FTIR data along with lattice constant, bulk density and porosity were further used to calculate the stiffness constant (C
ij), elastic constant and Debye temperatures. Mechanical stability of all studied compositions is confirmed from C
ij using Born stability conditions. Brittleness and isotropic nature are also confirmed using Poisson’s ratio and anisotropy constants, respectively. The enhancement of dc electrical resistivity (105Ω cm to 106Ω cm) with Y content is observed. The energy band gap (increased with Y contents) is found in good agreement with dc electrical resistivity. Ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic phase change has been observed from the field dependent high temperature magnetization curves. The magnetic moments and saturation magnetization were found to be decreased with increasing temperature. The Curie temperature (Tc) has been measured from temperature dependent magnetic moment (M-T) and initial permeability (μ′i-T) measurements and found to be in good agreement with each other. Decrease in Tc with Y content is due to redistribution of cations and weakening of the exchange coupling constant. The magnetic phase transition has been analyzed by Arrott plot and found to have second order phase transition. The dc resistivity endorses the prepared ferrites are suitable for high frequency and high temperature magnetic device applications as well.
Silicon carbide color centers for quantum applications
Authors: Castelletto Stefania , Boretti Alberto 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Silicon carbide has recently surged as an alternative material for scalable and integrated quantum photonics, as it is a host for naturally occurring color centers within its bandgap, emitting from the UV to the IR even at telecom wavelength. Some of these color centers have been proved to be characterized by quantum properties associated with their single-photon emission and their coherent spin state control, which make them ideal for quantum technology, such as quantum communication, computation, quantum sensing, metrology and can constitute the elements of future quantum networks. Due to its outstanding electrical, mechanical, and optical properties which extend to optical nonlinear properties, silicon carbide can also supply a more amenable platform for photonics devices with respect to other wide bandgap semiconductors, being already an unsurpassed material for high power microelectronics. In this review, we will summarize the current findings on this material color centers quantum properties such as quantum emission via optical and electrical excitation, optical spin polarization and coherent spin control and manipulation. Their fabrication methods are also summarized, showing the need for on-demand and nanometric control of the color centers fabrication location in the material. Their current applications in single-photon sources, quantum sensing of strain, magnetic and electric fields, spin-photon interface are also described. Finally, the efforts in the integration of these color centers in photonics devices and their fabrication challenges are described.
The Standardization of Islamic Financial Law: Lawmaking in Modern Financial Markets
Authors: Ercanbrack Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The project to standardize the commercial elements of the sharia as undertaken by standard-setting bodies, such as the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), is a lawmaking effort that is incentivized by market forces and the interaction of municipal legal systems. This Article examines the ways in which these factors contribute to the development of private Islamic legal standards, and in doing so, contribute to an emergent legal architecture that is integrated within the global economy. Contrary to the primary role assigned in existing analyses to sharia scholars and sharia supervisory boards, the Article shows that the processes that determine the composition of Islamic financial law (IFL) highlight the starkly reduced role of jurists in developing law in accordance with the traditional methodology (usul al-fiqh). Such analyses have failed to consider the standardization effort as a lawmaking project driven by market forces, which must be realized if authentic sharia principles are to be given effect. Therefore, examination of these market-led processes and their contribution to the creation of Islamic standards is essential for understanding what standardization means in relation to the fulfillment of Islamic principles and whether a high degree of standardization is desirable. First, the Article examines the role of interpretation, which highlights the methodological challenges of the standardization project. Second, the Article investigates the AAOIFI’s standard-setting efforts, including the methods of standardization, its market- and law-driven incentives, and the status of standardization efforts including the madhahib (schools of law)’s differences of legal thought. Third, an analysis of the interaction of IFL and the law of municipal legal systems (the United Arab Emirates, England and Wales, and Malaysia) highlights the legal incentivization for developing sharia standards. Finally, an analysis of the commercial practice of IFL, particularly in retail markets, demonstrates commercial law’s trend toward standardized contractual practices. Market forces compel the use of standard-form documentation, comprising standards that reflect the commercial practice of law firms and corporations.
Amplification of MDM2 and Loss of p16 Expression: Do They Have a Role in Malignant Transformation of Ovarian Brenner Tumor?
Authors: Wang Lucy , Allison Douglas , Shukla Pratibha Sharma 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To review the significance of MDM2 and cyclin D1 expression and loss of p16 expression in malignant and borderline Brenner tumors (BTs) of the ovary.

Methods
We describe 2 new cases of ovarian BT, 1 malignant and 1 borderline. We studied MDM2, p16, and cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry in the benign, borderline, and malignant components of these 2 cases and in 5 additional cases of benign BT. We also reviewed and summarized the literature on the clinical, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of borderline and malignant BTs (BdBTs and MBTs).

Results
Nuclear expression of MDM2 was seen only in the MBT. Loss of p16 expression was seen in both BdBT and MBT. Cyclin D1 expression was in proportion to the degree of malignancy. Amplification of MDM2, loss of CDKN2A (p16-encoding gene), and amplification of CCND1 (cyclin D1–encoding gene) were confirmed by commercial next-generation sequencing in the case of MBT.

Conclusions
We are the first to report immunohistochemical expression of MDM2 in an MBT. Amplification of MDM2 and loss of p16 expression may have a role in malignant transformation of BT.
Florida’s Opioid Crackdown and Mortality From Drug Overdose, Motor Vehicle Crashes, and Suicide: A Bayesian Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Feder Kenneth A , Mojtabai Ramin , Stuart Elizabeth A , Musci Rashelle , Letourneau Elizabeth J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In 2011, Florida established a prescription drug monitoring program and adopted new regulations for independent pain-management clinics. We examined the association of those reforms with drug overdose deaths and other injury fatalities. Florida’s postreform monthly mortality rates—for drug-involved deaths, motor vehicle crashes, and suicide by means other than poisoning—were compared with a counterfactual estimate of what those rates would have been absent reform. The counterfactual was estimated using a Bayesian structural time-series model based on mortality trends in similar states. By December 2013, drug overdose deaths were down 17% (95% credible interval: −21, −12), motor vehicle crash deaths were down 9% (95% credible interval: −14, −4), and suicide deaths were unchanged compared with what would be expected in the absence of reform. Florida’s opioid prescribing reform substantially reduced drug overdose deaths. Reforms may also have reduced motor vehicle crash deaths but were not associated with a change in suicides. More research is needed to understand these patterns. Bayesian structural time-series modeling is a promising new approach to interrupted time-series studies.
Vagueness-Induced Counterexamples to Modus Tollens
Authors: Beevers Tom 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
I argue that vagueness produces counterexamples to modus tollens. I begin by outlining cases where indicative and counterfactual conditionals (henceforth, natural conditionals) seem intuitively to be determinate even when their antecedents are borderline and their consequents are determinately false. Accepting these intuitions has some revisionary implications; however, rejecting them leads to unacceptable consequences for our knowledge of conditionals. I thus take it that we should accept that our intuitions are reliable. I show it follows that modus tollens fails. I conclude by defending this consequence from some objections.
The modified bilobed flap for reconstructing sacral decubitus ulcers
Authors: Jiao Xiangong , Cui Chunxiao , Ng Sally Kiu-Huen , Jiang Zhangjia , Tu Chihui , Zhou Jiemin , Lu Xiandong , Ouyang Xianwen , Luo Tong , Li Ke , Zhang Yixin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Sacral pressure ulcers are associated with high morbidity and, in some cases, result in mortality from severe sepsis. Local flaps are frequently used for reconstruction of stage III and IV pressure ulcers. An ideal flap should be simple to design, have a reliable vascular supply and minimal donor site morbidity. Our study evaluates the use of a bilobed flap based on the superficial branch of the superior gluteal artery or the posterior branch of the fourth lumbar artery to reconstruct the sacral pressure ulcer.

Case presentation
We performed a retrospective analysis of paraplegic patients with sacral pressure ulcers treated with our bilobed flaps from January 2015 to December 2019. A description of our management, operative protocol, outcome and complications is outlined. Seven paraplegic patients (6 male, 1 female; average age 53.1 years) with sacral pressure ulcers were treated with our bilobed flap based on the superficial branch of the superior gluteal artery or the posterior branch of the fourth lumbar artery. The average size of the pressure ulcers was 7 × 5 cm (range 6.2 × 4.5 cm to 11 × 10 cm). All 7 flaps survived. The patients were followed up for 12 months without significant complications, such as flap necrosis or recurrence.

Conclusions
The superficial branch of the superior gluteal artery or the posterior branch of the fourth lumbar artery reliably supplies the bilobed flap. The superior cluneal nerve can be included in the design. The technique is simple and reliable. It should be included in the reconstructive algorithm for the management of sacral pressure ulcers.
Interdependence between health and peace: a call for a new paradigm
Authors: Abuelaish Izzeldin , Goodstadt Michael S , Mouhaffel Rim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHealth and peace, and their relationships to disease/conflict/violence, are complex and multifaceted interrelated terms. Scholars have proposed a variety of definitions for health and peace. The conceptualizations of health and peace share many fundamental elements, including in their social, psychological (emotional and mental) and spiritual dimensions. We argue that health and peace are inter-dependent in a fundamental causal fashion. Health is always positively or negatively affected by conflict; peace can be directly or indirectly fostered through public health program and policy initiatives. Evidence shows that public health professionals and academics have frequently failed to recognize the inter-dependence of health and peace when conceptualizing, and addressing, issues related to health and peace. In contrast, the present article argues in support of a new paradigm for addressing public health issues related to health and peace; such a paradigm is based on the premise that health and peace are inextricably linked, requiring that they be addressed in an integrated, inter-dependent, fashion. Finally, we emphasize that fostering health and peace requires identifying and promoting positive socio-ecological influences on health, rather than limiting our focus to health deficits and obstacles at the individual or community levels.
Excellent long-term results with minimally invasive edge-to-edge repair in myxomatous degenerative mitral valve regurgitation
Authors: Belluschi Igor , Lapenna Elisabetta , Blasio Andrea , Del Forno Benedetto , Giacomini Andrea , Ruggeri Stefania , Schiavi Davide , Castiglioni Alessandro , Alfieri Ottavio , De Bonis Michele 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Previous series of minimally invasive mitral valve repairs showed excellent results at up to 10 years of follow-up. The goal of this study was to assess the long-term durability beyond 10 years of the edge-to-edge repair for myxomatous degeneration performed through a minimally invasive approach.

METHODS
Ninety-seven consecutive patients (mean age 35 ± 9 years; left ventricular ejection fraction 63 ± 6%) with severe myxomatous mitral regurgitation (MR) underwent mitral valve repair through a right minithoracotomy between 1999 and 2006. MR was due to lesions involving the posterior leaflet (7.2% of patients), anterior leaflet (12.4%) and both leaflets (80.4%).

RESULTS
No hospital deaths occurred. At hospital discharge all patients had no or trivial MR. Follow-up was 100% complete (median 15.5 years; interquartile range 13.6–17.0, max 19.3 years). The 16-year overall survival rate was 95.9 ± 2.02% [95% confidence interval (CI) 89.39–98.43]. At 16 years, the cumulative incidence function of cardiac death, with non-cardiac death as a competing risk, was 3.1 ± 1.75 (95% CI 0.83–8.02). Only 3 patients (4.1%) had redo operations for recurrent severe MR. At 16 years, the cumulative incidence functions of reoperation for and recurrence of MR ≥3+, with death as a competing risk, were 3.1 ± 1.76% (95% CI 0.83–8.02) and 5.6 ± 2.47% (95% CI 2.06–11.83), respectively. No predictors of recurrence of MR ≥3+ were identified. At the last follow-up, moderate MR (2+/4+) was detected in 17 patients (17.5%); most of the patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I–II (97%) and in sinus rhythm (90%).

CONCLUSIONS
Minimally invasive mitral valve edge-to-edge repair through a right minithoracotomy for myxomatous degeneration appears to be an effective and durable approach even in the long-term follow-up (up to 19 years).
Identifying dictionary-relevant formulaic sequences in written and spoken corpora
Authors: Dobrovoljc Kaja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn view of the pervasiveness of formulaic language in human communication and the growing awareness of its relevance to modern lexicography, this study presents a corpus-driven identification, analysis and comparison of dictionary-relevant formulaic sequences in reference corpora of written and spoken Slovenian. The sequences were identified using a semi-automatic approach, whereby the most frequently recurring word combinations in each corpus were ranked according to their statistical salience and manually inspected for formulaic expressions with lexicographic relevance. Despite its semantic heterogeneity, the resulting list illustrates the distinct characteristics of formulaic multi-word expressions, such as high frequency of usage, prevalent inclusion of grammatical words and common non-propositional meaning, especially in speech, where research revealed numerous understudied formulaic expressions related to interaction management and mitigation. The final evaluation of measures used in the identification process demonstrates their relative suitability for corpus-driven identification of dictionary-relevant formulaic expressions, with their precision varying in relation to corpus size and length of sequences under investigation.
Approximate controllability of semi-linear stochastic integro-differential equations with infinite delay
Authors: Huang Hai , Fu Xianlong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this work, by constructing fundamental solutions and using the theory of resolvent operators and fractional powers of operators, we study the approximate controllability of a class of semi-linear stochastic integro-differential equations with infinite delay in $L_p$ space ($2&lt;p&lt;\infty $). Sufficient conditions for approximate controllability of the discussed equations are obtained under the assumption that the associated deterministic linear system is approximately controllable. An example is provided to illustrate the obtained results.
Analysis of Fat-Soluble Vitamins. XVIII. Interlaboratory Comparison of Vitamin D Assay Methods
Authors: Borsje Ben , Craenen Heinz A H , Esser Robert J E , Mulder Frits J , Vries Ellen J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nine laboratories determined the vitamin D3 content of 4 samples in oil containing, in addition to vitamin D3, different amounts of tachysterol3, isotachysterol3, trans-vitamin D3, lumisterol3, and 7-dehydrocholesterol, in order to assess the effect of these isomers on the assay. The analyst selected the method to be used. Three high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods were applied: 2 were direct and the third required prior isolation of the unsaponifiable material. The 6 remaining analysts used gas-liquid chromatographic (CLC) methods; all GLC techniques required saponification and silylation, and 3 required an additional pretreatment. The results from the GLC and HPLC methods were compared with the known composition of the samples and the results obtained by the official AOAC method, 43.B14–43.B24. The samples were also analyzed by the AOAC method without the maleic anhydride reaction and by the AOAC method with correction for the isotachysterol content. The results of the HPLC assays showed that this technique is promising, but improvements are still needed. The precision and accuracy of the GLC assays varied. However, satisfactory results were obtained after extensive prepurifications. The AOAC chemical method was satisfactory for those samples shown suitable by the confirmation test, i.e., in the absence of isotachysterol.
Ion Exchange Method for Determining Mephentermine Sulfate in Drug Formulations: Collaborative Study
Authors: Chu Rod , Friedman Elaine J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ion exchange chromatography is used to separate mephentermine sulfate from drug formulations. The drug is subsequently measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Assays on 4 commercial samples of tablets and injectables gave recoveries from 97.6 to 104% of declared. A collaborative study involving 2 tablet and 2 liquid formulations gave mean recoveries ranging from 94.7 to 99.3% and coefficients of variation from 1.39 to 2.00%.