bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular classification of breast cancer using the mRNA expression profiles of immune-related genes
Authors: Mei Juan , Zhao Ji , Fu Yi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is the most lethal cancer in women and displaying a broad range of heterogeneity in terms of clinical, molecular behavior and response to therapy. Increasing evidence demonstrated that immune-related genes were an important source of prognostic information for several types of tumors. In this study, the k-mean clustering was applied to gene expression data from the immune-related genes, two molecular clusters were identified for 1980 breast cancer patients. The prognostic significance of the immune-related genes based classification was confirmed in the log-rank test. These clusters were also associated with immune checkpoints, immune-related features and tumor infiltrating levels. In addition, we used the shrunken centroid algorithm to predict the cluster of a given breast cancer sample, and good predictive results were obtained by this algorithm. These results indicated that the proposed classification method is a promising method, and we hope that this method may improve the treatment stratification of breast cancer in the future.
The influence of transmitted and non-transmitted parental BMI-associated alleles on the risk of overweight in childhood
Authors: Schnurr Theresia M. , Morgen Camilla S. , Borisevich Dmitrii , Beaumont Robin N. , Engelbrechtsen Line , Ängquist Lars , Have Christian T. , Freathy Rachel M. , Smith George Davey , Nohr Ellen A. , Hansen Torben , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOverweight in children is strongly associated with parental body mass index (BMI) and overweight. We assessed parental transmitted and non-transmitted genetic contributions to overweight in children from the Danish National Birth Cohort by constructing genetic risk scores (GRSs) from 941 common genetic variants associated with adult BMI and estimating associations of transmitted maternal/paternal and non-transmitted maternal GRS with child overweight. Maternal and paternal BMI (standard deviation (SD) units) had a strong association with childhood overweight [Odds ratio (OR): 2.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.74; 2.34) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.43; 1.89)]. Maternal and paternal transmitted GRSs (SD-units) increased odds for child overweight equally [OR: 1.30 (95% CI 1.16; 1.46) and 1.30 (95% CI 1.16; 1.47)]. However, both the parental phenotypic and the GRS associations may depend on maternal BMI, being weaker among mothers with overweight. Maternal non-transmitted GRS was not associated with child overweight [OR 0.98 (95% CI 0.88; 1.10)] suggesting no specific influence of maternal adiposity as such. In conclusion, parental transmitted GRSs, based on adult BMI, contribute to child overweight, but in overweight mothers other genetic and environmental factors may play a greater role.
Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 leads to erlotinib resistance, initiating crosstalk of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways, in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Lin Ying , Higashisaka Kazuma , Shintani Takuya , Maki Ayaka , Hanamuro Sachiyo , Haga Yuya , Maeda Shinichiro , Tsujino Hirofumi , Nagano Kazuya , Fujio Yasushi , Tsutsumi Yasuo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn non-small-cell lung cancer, mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) stimulates cell proliferation and survival. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) such as erlotinib are used as first-line therapy with drastic and immediate effectiveness. However, the disease eventually progresses in most cases within a few years due to the development of drug resistance. Here, we explored the role of progesterone membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) in acquired resistance to erlotinib and addressed the molecular mechanism of EGFR-TKI resistance induced by PGRMC1. The erlotinib-sensitive cell line PC9 (derived from non-small-cell lung cancer) and the erlotinib-resistant cell line PC9/ER were used. In proteomic and immunoblotting analyses, the PGRMC1 level was higher in PC9/ER cells than in PC9 cells. WST-8 assay revealed that inhibition of PGRMC1 by siRNA or AG-205, which alters the spectroscopic properties of the PGRMC1-heme complex, in PC9/ER cells increased the sensitivity to erlotinib, and overexpression of PGRMC1 in PC9 cells reduced their susceptibility to erlotinib. In the presence of erlotinib, immunoprecipitation assay showed that AG-205 suppressed the interaction between EGFR and PGRMC1 in PC9/ER cells. AG-205 decreased the expression of β-catenin, accompanied by up-regulation of IκBα (also known as NFKBIA). Furthermore, AG-205 reduced the expression of β-TrCP (also known as BTRC), suggesting that PGRMC1 enhanced the crosstalk between NF-κB (also known as NFKB) signaling and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in an erlotinib-dependent manner. Finally, treatment with the Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV939 enhanced the sensitivity of PC9/ER cells to erlotinib. These results suggest that PGRMC1 conferred resistance to erlotinib through binding with EGFR in PC9/ER cells, initiating crosstalk between the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways.
Efficacy of antiseptics in a novel 3-dimensional human plasma biofilm model (hpBIOM)
Authors: Besser M. , Dietrich M. , Weber L. , Rembe J. D. , Stuermer E. K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe increasing incidence of non-healing wounds constitutes a pivotal socio-economic burden. 60–80% of chronic wounds are colonized by pathogenic microorganisms within a protective extracellular polymeric substance, bearing a great challenge in wound management. Human plasma was used to prepare the biofilm model (hpBIOM), adding pathogens to the plasma and forming Coagula-like discs with integrated pathogens were produced. The antiseptics Octenisept and Lavasorb were tested regarding their antibacterial properties on clinically relevant biofilm-growing bacteria (MRSA,P. aeruginosa) in the hpBIOM. Biofilm-typical glycocalyx-formation was confirmed using immunohistochemical staining. Treatment of a 12 h-maturated biofilm with Octenisept resulted in complete eradication ofP. aeruginosaand MRSA after 48 h. Lavasorb proved less effective than Octenisept in this setting. In more mature biofilms (24 h), both antiseptics showed a delayed, partially decreased efficacy. Summarized, the hpBIOM provides essential factors for a translational research approach to be used for detailed human biofilm analyses and evaluation of antimicrobial/-biofilm properties of established and novel therapeutic strategies and products. Octenisept and Lavasorb showed an attenuated efficacy in the hpBIOM compared to planktonic conditions and previously published biofilm-studies, prompting the question for the necessity of introducing new international standards and pre-admission requirements on a translational base.
A conserved motif in three viral movement proteins from different genera is required for host factor recruitment and cell-to-cell movement
Authors: Navarro José A. , Serra-Soriano Marta , Corachán-Valencia Lorena , Pallás Vicente 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDue to their minimal genomes, plant viruses are forced to hijack specific cellular pathways to ensure host colonization, a condition that most frequently involves physical interaction between viral and host proteins. Among putative viral interactors are the movement proteins, responsible for plasmodesma gating and genome binding during viral transport. Two of them, DGBp1 and DGBp2, are required for alpha-, beta- and gammacarmovirus cell-to-cell movement, but the number of DGBp-host interactors identified at present is limited. By using two different approaches, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we found three Arabidopsis factors, eIF3g1, RPP3A and WRKY36, interacting with DGBp1s from each genus mentioned above. eIF3g1 and RPP3A are mainly involved in protein translation initiation and elongation phases, respectively, while WRKY36 belongs to WRKY transcription factor family, important regulators of many defence responses. These host proteins are not expected to be associated with viral movement, but knocking out WRKY36 or silencing either RPP3A or eIF3g1 negatively affected Arabidopsis infection by Turnip crinkle virus. A highly conserved FNF motif at DGBp1 C-terminus was required for protein-protein interaction and cell-to-cell movement, suggesting an important biological role.
Ecophysiological traits of highly mobile large marine predators inferred from nucleic acid derived indices
Authors: Alves F. , Dromby M. , Baptista V. , Ferreira R. , Correia A. M. , Weyn M. , Valente R. , Froufe E. , Rosso M. , Sousa-Pinto I. , Dinis A. , Dias E. , Teodósio M. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNucleic acid-derived indices such as RNA/DNA ratios have been successfully applied as ecophysiological indicators to assess growth, nutritional condition and health status in marine organisms given that they provide a measure of tissue protein reserves, which is known to vary depending on changes in the environment. Yet, the use of these biochemical indices on highly mobile large predators is scarce. In this study, we tested the applicability of using nucleic acids to provide insights on the ecophysiological traits of two marine mammal species (common bottlenose dolphins and short-finned pilot whales) and explored potential related factors (species, sex, season, and residency pattern), using skin tissue (obtained from biopsy darts) of apparently healthy and adult free-ranging animals. Significantly higher RNA/DNA ratios were obtained for bottlenose dolphins (p < 0.001), and for visitor pilot whales when compared with resident pilot whales (p = 0.001). No significant changes were found between the sexes. Based on the percentile approach, the samples contain individuals in a general good condition (as the 10thpercentile is not closer to the mean than the 75thpercentile), suggesting that the studied region of Macaronesia may be considered an adequate habitat. The combination of this effective tool with genetic sexing and photographic-identification provided an overall picture of ecosystem health, and although with some limitations and still being a first approach, it has the applicability to be used in other top predators and ecosystems.
Early silica crust formation in planetesimals by metastable silica-rich liquid immiscibility or cristobalite crystallisation: the possible origin of silica-rich chondrules
Authors: Faure François 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe formation and differentiation processes of planetesimals—small bodies in the solar system—remain actively debated. Planetesimal differentiation is known to have occurred early (<1.5 Myr after the formation of Ca-Al-rich inclusions), as attested by the ages of iron meteorites. Metal-silicate segregation implies global-scale melting, induced by heat released from short-lived radiogenic isotopes, and the consequent generation of a silicate magma ocean. Thermodynamic calculations show that silicate magma crystallisation would have induced silicate-silicate differentiation, leading to the formation of a thick olivine-dominated “mantle” and a thin basaltic “crust”. However, thermodynamic modelling of magma ocean crystallisation does not produce any silica phases. Here I experimentally show that crystallisation of a chondritic liquid does not follow the thermodynamically predicted path. Silica phases are generated early (before 55% differentiation) as a function of initial magma ocean temperature. As cristobalite or liquid silica phases are less dense than residual liquids or olivine, silica phases could have formed proto-crusts that would have acted as buoyant lids at the surfaces of planetesimals, allowing the eventual accretion and preservation of debris (chondrites). Moreover, the destruction of such a crust by impacts could provide an explanation for the origin of the silica reservoir that condensed around some chondrules.
Enhancement of corrosion resistance of the cooling systems in desalination plants by green inhibitor
Authors: Deyab M. A. , Guibal Eric 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTaraxacum officinaleextract (TOE) has been tested for preventing the corrosion of cooling systems in desalination plants. The inhibition of corrosion effects has been characterized by chemical and electrochemical methods (Mass loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and surface observations. Tests on cooling systems were carried out in seawater environment. The presence of TOE in the re-circulation loop decreases the corrosion of carbon steel by adsorption of TOE compounds on the surface of metal pipes. The optimum TOE concentration was reached at 400 mg L−1and the inhibition efficiency was higher than 94%. TOE allowed increasing the energy barrier of the corrosion process. SEM, FT-IR and UV spectra observations confirmed that TOE prevents corrosion attacks at the surface of the pipes. HPLC analyses identified the presence of saccharides, organic acids, phenol antioxidant and caffeic acid derivatives in TOE, which may be the active promoters of corrosion inhibition.
Retinoid X receptor agonists attenuates cardiomyopathy in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes through LKB1-dependent anti-fibrosis effects
Authors: Chai Dajun , Lin Xiaoyan , Zheng Qiaowen , Xu Changsheng , Xie Hong , Ruan Qinyun , Lin Jinxiu , Liu Jie , Zeng Jinzhang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Diabetic cardiac fibrosis increases ventricular stiffness and facilitates the occurrence of diastolic dysfunction. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) plays an important role in cardiac development and has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of RXR agonist treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and the underlying mechanism. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats induced by STZ injection were treated with either RXR agonist bexarotene (Bex) or vehicle alone. Echocardiography was performed to determine cardiac structure and function. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were treated with high glucose (HG) with or without the indicated concentration of Bex or the RXR ligand 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA). The protein abundance levels were measured along with collagen, body weight (BW), blood biochemical indexes and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels. The effects of RXRα down-regulation by RXRα small interfering RNA (siRNA) were examined. The results showed that bexarotene treatment resulted in amelioration of left ventricular dysfunction by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. Immunoblot with heart tissue homogenates from diabetic rats revealed that bexarotene activated liver kinase B1 (LKB1) signaling and inhibited p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K). The increased collagen levels in the heart tissues of DCM rats were reduced by bexarotene treatment. Treatment of CFs with HG resulted in significantly reduced LKB1 activity and increased p70S6K activity. RXRα mediated the antagonism of 9-cis-RA on HG-induced LKB1/p70S6K activation changes in vitro. Our findings suggest that RXR agonist ameliorates STZ-induced DCM by inhibiting myocardial fibrosis via modulation of the LKB1/p70S6K signaling pathway. RXR agonists may serve as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of DCM.
Welche Qualität macht den Unterschied?
Authors: Dacho Andreas 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIn kaum einem anderen Bereich ist das Ergebnis so offensichtlich, wie bei der
plastisch-ästhetischen Nasenchirurgie. Umsomehr spielen sowohl die Qualität des
Eingriffs und im Bereich der Ästhetik die Qualität des Ergebnisses eine
herausragende Rolle. Hierbei sind die Erwartungen und der Anspruch des Operateurs nicht immer
deckungsgleich mit der des Patienten. Des Weiteren haben Kostenträger, im Falle von
Kombinationsoperationen, einen eigenen Fokus zum Thema Qualität, der häufig mit
Wirtschaftlichkeit verwechselt wird. Objektive Kriterien spielen für den Arzt eine
wesentliche Rolle, wobei für die Patienten sehr häufig weiche Kriterien von
wesentlicher Bedeutung sind. Dies ist umso diffiziler, da Schönheit im Auge des
Betrachters liegt und mit funktionellen Kriterien, wie Atmung und Riechen vereinbar sein
müssen. In der Vielzahl von Qualitätskriterien fällt es dem Laien
schwer die richtige Arztwahl zu treffen, insbesondere angesichts unzähliger Siegel,
Zertifkate und des Einflusses des Internets bzw. von Social Media. Aber auch der Chirurg muss
aus einer Vielzahl von Kongressen, Kursen und Symposien herausfinden, welche dieser
Veranstaltungen eine bestimmte Mindestqualität garantiert. Trotz einer enormen
Veränderung und Verfeinerung der rhinochirurgischen OP-Techniken im Rahmen der letzten
Jahrzehnte, wird die Ergebnisqualität seitens der Patienten konstant vor die
Prozedurqualität gestellt. Dieses Referat versucht eine Standortbestimmung
möglichst objektivierbarer Qualitätsindikatoren in Kombination mit
unterschiedlichen Anforderungen und Standpunkten zum Thema Qualität – aus Sicht
des Arztes, des Patienten und des Kostenträgers – zu beleuchten und diese im
Spiegel sich verändernder OP-Techniken der plastisch-ästhetischen
Nasenchirurgie zu betrachten.
Antithrombotische Therapie des chronischen Koronarsyndroms
Authors: Leschke Matthias 
Published: March 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn den neuen ESC-Leitlinien zum chronischen Koronarsyndrom werden aktuelle, evidenzbasierte antithrombotische Therapiekonzepte angeführt. Auf der Basis der aktuellen Studienlage wird bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern und Koronarstenting bevorzugt eine duale antithrombotische Therapie aus einem NOAK und einem P2Y12-Inhibitor empfohlen. In der Phase des chronischen Koronarsyndroms wird bei Patienten mit zuvor erfolgtem Koronarstenting oder nachgewiesener chronischer Koronarer Herzkrankheit eine Monotherapie mit einem NOAK oder einem Vitamin-K-Antagonisten empfohlen. Für Patienten mit einem erhöhten ischämischen Ereignisrisiko, aber geringem Blutungsrisiko wird eine verlängerte intensivierte antithrombotische Therapie mit einer zweiten antithrombotischen Substanz diskutiert. Im direkten Vergleich einer verlängerten dualen Plättchenhemmung bei Post-Myokardinfarkt-Patienten (PEGASUS-Prinzip) erscheint eine antithrombotische Therapie aus niedrigdosiertem Rivaroxaban kombiniert mit ASS aufgrund des Mortalitätsbenefits mit möglicherweise geringerer Blutungsneigung vorteilhafter (COMPASS-Strategie).
Thrombozytenhemmung bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
Authors: Said Samer Al , Bode Christoph , Dürschmied Daniel 
Published: March 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPatienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 weisen eine hohe Thrombozytenreaktivität auf und haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für ischämische Ereignisse. Es wurde vermutet, dass ein vermindertes Ansprechen auf Thrombozytenhemmer zu mehr ischämischen Ereignissen führen könnte. Hieraus könnte sich wiederum die Notwendigkeit für eine individuelle Thrombozytenhemmung bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 ergeben. Tatsächlich verhindert eine intensive Thrombozytenhemmung ischämische Ereignisse bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus effektiver als bei Patienten ohne Diabetes mellitus. Während wirksamere Thrombozytenhemmer und eine Verlängerung der dualen Thrombozytenhemmung ischämische Ereignisse verhindern, ist die Zunahme der Blutungskomplikationen weiterhin ein relevantes Problem. Daher stehen Strategien zur Reduzierung ischämischer Ereignisse bei gleichzeitiger Minimierung des Risikos für Blutungskomplikationen im Zentrum aktueller Studien. Zu den neuen Strategien gehören das Absetzen von Aspirin und die Aufrechterhaltung der Therapie mit einem wirksamen P2Y12-Rezeptorinhibitor sowie die Anwendung einer niedrig dosierten oralen Antikoagulanzientherapie zusätzlich zu Aspirin. Mit diesem Artikel wollen wir aktuelle Studienergebnisse zusammenfassen, die die Thrombozytenhemmung bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 untersuchten.
Tractography in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review of Current Applications
Authors: Wende Tim , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Meixensberger Jürgen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe ability to visualize the brain's fiber connections noninvasively in vivo is relatively young compared with other possibilities of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although many studies showed tractography to be of promising value for neurosurgical care, the implications remain inconclusive. An overview of current applications is presented in this systematic review. A search was conducted for ((“tractography” or “fiber tracking” or “fibre tracking”) and “neurosurgery”) that produced 751 results. We identified 260 relevant articles and added 20 more from other sources. Most publications concerned surgical planning for resection of tumors (n = 193) and vascular lesions (n = 15). Preoperative use of transcranial magnetic stimulation was discussed in 22 of these articles. Tractography in skull base surgery presents a special challenge (n = 29). Fewer publications evaluated traumatic brain injury (TBI) (n = 25) and spontaneous intracranial bleeding (n = 22). Twenty-three articles focused on tractography in pediatric neurosurgery. Most authors found tractography to be a valuable addition in neurosurgical care. The accuracy of the technique has increased over time. There are articles suggesting that tractography improves patient outcome after tumor resection. However, no reliable biomarkers have yet been described. The better rehabilitation potential after TBI and spontaneous intracranial bleeding compared with brain tumors offers an insight into the process of neurorehabilitation. Tractography and diffusion measurements in some studies showed a correlation with patient outcome that might help uncover the neuroanatomical principles of rehabilitation itself. Alternative corticofugal and cortico-cortical networks have been implicated in motor recovery after ischemic stroke, suggesting more complex mechanisms in neurorehabilitation that go beyond current models. Hence tractography may potentially be able to predict clinical deficits and rehabilitation potential, as well as finding possible explanations for neurologic disorders in retrospect. However, large variations of the results indicate a lack of data to establish robust diagnostical concepts at this point. Therefore, in vivo tractography should still be interpreted with caution and by experienced surgeons.