bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA and Exosome in Retinal-related Diseases: Their Roles in the
Pathogenesis and Diagnosis
Authors: Salmaninejad Arash , Pourali Ghazaleh , Shahini Ali , Darabi Hassan , Azhdari Sara 
Published: January 2021

Abstract::
The precise and exquisite architecture of the retina is directly related to vision. Therefore, any mechanisms which
are associated with disruption of retinal structure could affect on quality of vision. A large number studies indicated that
several cellular and molecular processes involved in retina pathogenesis. Among different risk factors which are reported as
important players in the retina diseases, deregulation of epigenetic contributors, have critical roles in the pathogenesis of
these diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNAs that involved in various signaling pathways
involved in the retina diseases. These molecules exert their function though targeting a sequence of cellular and molecular
signals. Long-non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs are other non-coding RNAs which can exert their regulatory
roles via miRNA sponging. In this regard, it has been showed that miRNA sponging could modulate a variety of pathways
in retinal diseases. Besides miRNAs, exosomes are other players in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases. Exosomes are
biological vectors which could carry their cargos to recipient cells. The cargos of exosomes (i.e., proteins, lncRNAs,
miRNAs, and fragments of DNA) enable to change behaviors of host cells. Here, we summarized the roles of miRNAs,
miRNAs sponging and exosomes in the pathogenesis of retinal diseases.
Full Kinetics and Mechanism Investigation for Generating 4-Substituted 1, 4- Dihydropyridine Derivatives in the Presence of Green Catalyst and Aqueous Medium: Experimental Procedure
Authors: Habibi-Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa , Shahraki Mehdi , Talaiefar Sadegh 
Published: January 2021

Aims and Objective:
The main objective of the kinetic investigation of the reaction between ethyl
acetoacetate 1, ammoniumacetat 2, dimedone 3, and diverse substitutions of benzaldehyde 4-X, (X= H, NO2, CN,
CF3, Cl, CH (CH3)2, CH3, OCH3, OCH3, and OH) for generating 4-substituted 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives
(product 5) was to recognize the most realistic reaction mechanism. The layout of the reaction mechanism was
studied kinetically via a UV-visible spectrophotometry approach.

Materials and Methods:
Among the various mechanisms, only mechanism1 (path1) involving 12 steps was recognized
as a dominant mechanism (path1). Herein, the reactions between 1 and 2 (kobs= 814.04 M-1.min-1) and also
between 3 and 4-H (kobs= 151.18 M-1.min-1) can be accepted as the first and second steps (step1 and step2) of
the reaction mechanism, respectively. Amongst all steps, only step9 of the dominant mechanism (path1) comprised
substituent groups (X) near the reaction center.

Results and Discussion:
Para electron-withdrawing or donating groups on the compound 4-X increased the rate
of the reaction 4 times more or decreased 8.7 times less than the benzaldehyde alone. So, this step is sensitive for
monitoring any small or huge changes in the reaction rate. Accordingly, step9 is the rate-determining step of the
reaction mechanism (path1).

Conclusion:
The recent result is in agreement with the Hammett description of an excellent dual substituent factor
(r = 0.990) and positive value of reaction constant (ρ= +0.9502), which confirms that both the resonance and
inductive effects “altogether” contribute to the reaction center of step9 in the dominant mechanism (path1).
Pharmacophore-based Screening for Identification of Human Acyl-CoA Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitors: An In-silico Study
Authors: Dhaundiyal Ankit , Kumari Puja , Kalra Shasta 
Published: January 2021

Aims:
A pharmacophore based in silico study for screening out Human Acyl-CoA cholesterol
acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors.

Background:
Human Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) plays an important role in catalysis
of reaction which converts cholesterol into cholesteryl esters and long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme
A. The inhibition of ACAT has therapeutically potential roles in hypercholestrolemia, atherosclerosis
and coronary heart disease.

Objective:
As no 3D structure of Human Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is reported,
ligand based design of the inhibitors is required that which converts cholesterol into cholesteryl esters.

Methods:
For better understanding of essential chemical features for ACAT inhibition and identifying
novel inhibitors, a three-dimensional (3D) chemical-feature-based quantitative QSAR pharmacophore
model for available ACAT inhibitors have been developed for first time using Discovery Studio 2.5.

Results:
The best model (Hypo1) having lowest total cost (84.14), highest cost difference (69.67),
highest correlation coefficient (0.94), and lowest RMS (1.15Å), constitutes of one hydrogen bond
acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, two hydrophobic aromatic and one hydrophobic aliphatic feature.
The pharmacokinetic properties and toxicities of top 10 active hits obtained from virtual screening
were predicted for ZINC33073636 and ZINC33073625.

Conclusion:
These studies thus provide a pharmacophore model, which will be helpful in designing
novel human ACAT inhibitors.
Analysis of Heart Rate Variability and Implication of Different Factors on Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Tiwari Reena , Kumar Ravindra , Malik Sujata , Raj Tilak , Kumar Punit 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The heart is the central organ of the circulatory system which maintains the flow of blood along with the transport of nutrients to different cells and tissues. A well-functioning cardiac state is a complicated mode of changeability. A healthy heart is not only about oscillation as the rhythmometer is not the same in every circumstance. Heart rate shows variations so that it can be regulated according to psychophysiological conditions to maintain the effect of the internal-external stimulus.

Objective:
The main objective of this review is to provide a piece of all-inclusive information about heart rate variability (HRV) and different variables affecting HRV. The direct interconnection among factors and so that HRV can be used in clinical practices.

Methods:
This review article contains a detailed survey of literature about HRV available in different online sources such as; Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science, etc. In this review, the authors have focused on the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of HRV and the role of various factors affecting HRV.

Results:
The variation in the time between two heartbeats is termed as HRV. It is one of the indicators of many pathological conditions related to cardiovascular health. It provided reliable information about the interaction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The analysis of the variation of heart rate is a well-known non-invasive technique to identify the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) depends on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system for transferring information. The cardio-accelerating center, lungs, and non-striated muscles are innervated by cardiac sympathetic nerves. This division of ANS latches upon the heart accordingly via the cervicothoracic ganglion and vagus nerve. It is found that cardiac normal variability depends upon this stimulation towards the sinoatrial node (pacemaker) which can be evaluated by analyzing the HRV. In human-
based studies, it has been found that low level of HRV is one of the main causes of death rate among adults. Hence, HRV helps in identifying the risk of cardiac diseases and the state of ANS.

Conclusion:
The heart plays a vital role in the human body and the well-functioning of the cardiac system is the need for a healthy life. The heart contains its nervous system termed as neurocardio system in which ANS plays a key role in which the sympathetic and parasympathetic system interplay to regulate HRV. High HRV is associated with healthy condition while low HRV is associated with pathological conditions. The HRV is influenced by various variables such as; pathological, physiological, psychological, environmental factors, lifestyle factors, and genetic factors, etc.
An Automatic Glioma Segmentation System Using a Multilevel Attention Pyramid Scene Parsing Network
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Gao Shouwei , Huang Zheng 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Due to the significant variances in their shape and size, it is a challenging task to automatically
segment gliomas. To improve the performance of glioma segmentation tasks, this paper proposed a multilevel attention
pyramid scene parsing network (MLAPSPNet) that aggregates the multiscale context and multilevel features.

Methods:
First, T1 pre-contrast, T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T1 post-contrast sequences
of each slice are combined to form the input. Afterward, image normalization and augmentation techniques are applied to
accelerate the training process and avoid overfitting, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed MLAPSPNet that introduces
multilevel pyramid pooling modules (PPMs) and attention gates is constructed. Eventually, the proposed network is
compared with some existing networks.

Results:
The dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity and Jaccard score of the proposed system can reach 0.885,
0.933 and 0.8, respectively. The introduction of multilevel pyramid pooling modules and attention gates can improve the
DSC by 0.029 and 0.022, respectively. Moreover, compared with Res-UNet, Dense-UNet, residual channel attention UNet
(RCA-UNet), DeepLab V3+ and UNet++, the DSC is improved by 0.032, 0.026, 0.014, 0.041 and 0.011, respectively.

Conclusion:
The proposed multilevel attention pyramid scene parsing network can achieve state-of-the-art performance,
and the introduction of multilevel pyramid pooling modules and attention gates can improve the performance of glioma
segmentation tasks.
Model Group Investigation Berbantuan Media Diorama Peristiwa Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Umah Siti Wahdatul , Suad Suad , Roysa Mila 
Published: January 2021

This research aims to improve students' cognitive and psychomotor domains using the group investigation learning model assisted by the diorama event of seventh-themed fifth-grade elementary school two the Panjunan academic years 2019/2020. The research carried out is class action research (Classroom Action Research). Classroom Action Research in 2 Cycles with two meetings for each cycle. Each cycle consists of 4 stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. This action was carried out in the fifth class of elementary school two Panjunan with 29 students. The independent variable was the investigation group model, and the dependent variable was the learning outcome. The research instrument was an observation, interviews, and documentation—the data analysis techniques. The results and student learning in the cognitive domain, in the pre-cycle of the Social Studies moment showed 48% to 45% in the cycle (I) one, soaring in the cycle (II) two with 89.7%. In the cognitive realm, the results and student learning in the Indonesian language pre-cycle showed 83% to 52% in cycle (I) one, soaring in the cycle (II) two with a result of 93.1%. The results of student learning in the psychomotor domain, from the cycle (I) one with a value of 76% good category (B) jumped by 81% good category (B) in the cycle (II) two. These results indicated that the investigation group had better.Keywords: Cognitive and Psychomotor Ability, Group Investigation, Diorama of Events====================================================================================================Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran group investigation berbantuan media diorama peristiwa tema 7 kelas V SD 2 Panjunan. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan di kelas V SD 2 Panjunan dengan subjek penelitian 29 siswa berlangsung selama dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Variabel bebasnya adalah model group investigation dan variabel terikat adalah hasil belajar. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil belajar siswa ranah pengetahuan, di prasiklus muatan IPS memperoleh 48% menjadi 45% di siklus I, meningkat di siklus II sebesar 89,7%. Hasil belajar siswa ranah pengetahuan, di prasiklus muatan Bahasa Indonesia memperoleh 83% menjadi 52% di siklus I, meningkat di siklus II sebesar 93,1%. Hasil belajar siswa ranah keterampilan, dari siklus I sebesar 76% (baik) meningkat sebesar 81% (baik) dalam siklus II.Kata kunci: Hasil Belajar, Group Investigation, Diorama Peristiwa
Syi’ah dan Perubahan Sosial
Authors: * Adi Cilik Pierewan 
Published: January 2021

The aim of this article is to describe about Syi’ah in Indonesia. This article will describe about the first history of Syi’ah entered to Indonesia. Second is social background that effected development of Syi’ah in Indonesia. Third is the factors that push of founding of IJABI and fourth is purposes of IJABI. Syi’ah, the marginal school in Islamic tradition, is the interesting topic that can be explored in social change discipline. In the early development of Islam, Syi’ah is the form of rebellion that attack to Islamic mainstream tradition. Islamic mainstream tradition here, s represented by Sunni that dominate Islamic kingdom. Keywords: Social change; syi’ah; Islamic tradition
EKSISTENSI KEHIDUPAN BURUH GENDONG PEREMPUAN DI PASAR BERINGHARJO YOGYAKARTA
Authors: * Trina Melianingsih, Sheila Oksapariana a 
Published: January 2021

The theme of this research is about the strategy of labor carriers (buruh gendong) to exist in facing the various life dynamics around the area of Beringharjo market, Yogyakarta. Researcher desire to know how the strategy or effort done by all labor in order to take care of themselves existence and also how the role of the social capital that playing in a part of its effort. Strategy can be formulated as effort to take care of themselves existence as labor carry on the back woman at Beringharjo market. Method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. In this research, there are six labors of women carriers (buruh gendong perempuan) that still active work around the area of Beringharjo market taken as the informant object. According to them, we know how their efforts and strategy done to take care of themselves existence in facing of the dynamics life at Beringharjo market. One of their strategies is join the labor group in the area of Beringharjo market. Sayuk Rukun Association directs under construction an institution which interest in charwoman activity. A lot of efforts developed, for example cooperation, saving and loan and religious activity which usually always continued with the activity of health service. In religious activity, it also gives some materials to add their knowledge. In this research found some factors related to the background of the existence of labor woman carriers (buruh gendong perempuan) and also efforts done to maintain themselves in facing of market economics. Keyword: Existence, Labor, Woman Carrier
PERAN LEMBAGA SWADAYA MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN MELALUI PELATIHAN LIFE SKILL (Studi kasus di Lembaga Advokasi Pendidikan Yogyakarta)
Authors: * Kiromim Baroroh 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Peran Lembaga Advokasi Pendidikan Yogyakarta (LAPY) dalam memberdayakan perekonomian perempuan, 2) Faktor Pendukung dan Penghambat pemberdayaan perempuan program life skill menjahit. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di kantor LAPY, tempat pelatihan dan tempat usaha/rumah peserta pelatihan Life Skill. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan selama satu setengah tahun yaitu Januari 2007 sampai Juni 2008. Informan Penelitian : Peserta pelatihan, tutor pelatihan, dan pengurus LAPY. Teknik Pengumpulan Data: Wawancara, Pengamatan dan Dokumentasi . Teknik analisis data yaitu (1) reduksi data; (2) sajian data; dan (3) penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1). Peran LAPY dalam memberdayakan perekonomian perempuan melalui life skill dilakukan melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan menjahit sampai permagangan dan pemberian modal usaha. Disini peran LAPY adalah sebagai fasilitator dan motivator. 2).Faktor pendukung pendampingan program pemberdayaan perempuan: Kerja sama antara pengurus LSM dan masyarakat sasaran, serta adanya pihak ketiga yaitu BMT Bringahrjo yang bersedia memberikan bantuan modal. b. Faktor penghambat: 1).Faktor penghambat yang berasal dari kelompok sasaran program adalah: kurangnya kesadaran dan kemauan untuk menerapkan pengetahuan tentang kewirausahaan, keterbatasan modal untuk meningkatkan penguasaan teknologi, kurangnya kemampuan untuk memanfaatkan dunia usaha karena keraguan UKM untuk meningkatkan usaha,dan kurangnya akses terhadap sumber teknologi dan pengetahuan. 2)Faktor penghambat yang berasal dari LSM: Sistem perekrutan peserta belum dilakukan konsisten sesuai dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan, pengurus LSM yang mempunyai profesi lain tidak dapat berkonsentrasi memberikan pendampingan, kurangnya relawan yang bersedia melakukan pendampingan secara berkesinambungan. Kata Kunci: LSM, Perempuan, Life Skill
STRATEGI HIDUP ANAK JALANAN (STUDI KASUS: KOMUNITAS GIRLI YOGYAKARTA)
Authors: * Sigit Setyo Indarto 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Mendeskripsikan aktivitas dan kegiatan ekonomi yang dilakukan anak jalanan komunitas Girli untuk bertahan hidup, 2) Mendeskripsikan interaksi anak jalanan komunitas Girli dengan lingkungan masyarakat dan proses anak jalanan mempertahankan kelompok sosialnya, 3) Usaha yang dilakukan anak jalanan komunitas Girli untuk memperoleh kasih sayang, rasa nyaman dan perlindungan dalam sebuah komunitas sebagai pengganti peran keluarga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan penelitian adalah anak jalanan komunitas Girli yang tinggal di Sanggar Omah Ijo, diambil secara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi, wawancara tak terstruktur, dan dokumen. Peneliti merupakan instrumen utama dalam melakukan penelitian, yang dibantu oleh pedoman observasi, pedoman wawancara, dan dokumen. Teknik yang digunakan dalam analisis data adalah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun untuk keabsahan data melalui triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Anak jalanan komunitas Girli secara ekonomi dapat bertahan hidup di jalanan dengan mempunyai aktivitas tetap (mengamen) dan aktivitas sampingan (pembuat kerajinan, penjual koran dan peta jogja, tukang parkir). 2) Anak jalanan komunitas Girli dalam membentuk dan mempertahankan komunitasnya memerlukan dua bentuk interaksi, yakni: interaksi yang bersifat di dalam komunitas dan interaksi yang bersifat di luar komunitas. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar eksistensi komunitasnya dapat bertahan di masyarakat. 3) Latar belakang anak jalanan Girli yang sebagian besar telah pisah dari orang tua dan keluarganya memerlukan peran pengganti untuk memperoleh kepuasan psikologis, misalnya: kasih sayang, rasa nyaman dan perlindungan sebagai salah satu bentuk pola bertahan hidup. Kebutuhan psikologis tersebut dapat diperoleh dengan cara menjadikan Sanggar Omah Ijo sebagai tempat tinggal dan pengurus sebagai pengganti peran orang tua yang telah hilang. Kata kunci: Anak jalanan, bertahan hidup.
KORELASI ANTARA INTENSITAS PENGELOLAAN KELAS DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SOSIOLOGI SISWA KELAS XI IPS MAN GODEAN
Authors: * Feryda Indriyanti P 
Published: January 2021

Prestasi belajar dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal meliputi usia, kematangan, kesehatan, kelelahan, suasana hati, motivasi, minat, kebiasaan belajar, bak at, kecerdasan, dan kemampuan kognitif. Faktor eksternal meliputi lingkungan alam dan sosial, kurikulum atau bahan pelajaran, guru atau pengajar, sarana dan fasilitas, administrasi atau manajemen yang didalamnya termasuk pengelolaan kelas yang dilakukan ol eh guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya korelasi antara intensitas pengelolaan kelas dengan prestasi belajar sosiologi siswa kelas XI IPS MAN Godean tahun ajaran 2008/2009, korelasi antara dan motivasi belajar dengan prestasi belajar sosiologi siswa kelas XI IPS MAN Godean tahun ajaran 2008/2009, serta korelasi antara intensitas pengelolaan kelas dan motivasi belajar sosiologi secara bersama –sama terhadap prestasi belajar sosiologi siswa kelas XI IPS MAN Godean tahun ajaran 2008/2009. Jenis penelitian ini berdasarkan data dan pendekatan analisisnya termasuk penelitian kuantitatif, sedangkan berdasarkan tingkat pembahasan yang digunakan termasuk penelitian eksplanatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPS MAN Godean tahun ajaran 2008/2009 sebanyak 47 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan angket dengan skala likert untuk variabel intensitas pengelolaan kelas dan motivasi belajar sosiologi, metode observasi untuk variabel intensitas pengelolaan kelas, dan metode dokumentasi untuk variabel prestasi belajar sosiologi dengan mengambil data nilai semester gasal siswa kelas XI IPS MAN Godean tahun ajaran 2008/2009 pada mata pelajaran sosiologi. Metode pengolahan data menggunakan korelasi product moment dan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat korelasi yang positif dan signifikan antara intensitas pengelolaan kelas dan prestasi belajar sosiologi siswa dengan korelasi sebesar 0.401, (2) terdapat korelasi yang positif dan signifikan antara motivasi belajar sosiologi dan prestasi belajar sosiologi siswa dengan korelasi sebesar 0.463, (3) terdapat korelasi yang positif dan signifikan antara intensitas pengelolaan kelas dan motivasi belajar sosiologi secara bersama -sama terhadap prestasi belajar sosiologi siswa dengan korelasi sebesar 0 .571, (4) sumbangan efektif intensitas pengelolaan kelas terhadap prestasi belajar sosiologi siswa adalah sebesar 40%, (5) sumbangan efektif motivasi belajar sosiologi terhadap presta si belajar sosiologi siswa sebesar 58.21%. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan, Motivasi, Pengelolaan Kelas