bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis of Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC): Long-Term Estimation of Extreme TEC in Japan
Authors: Nishioka Michi , Saito Susumu , Tao Chihiro , Shiota Daikou , Tsugawa Takuya , Ishii Mamoru 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is one of the key parameters for users of radio-based systems, such as the Global Navigation Satellite System, high-frequency communication systems, and space-based remote sensing systems, since total ionospheric delay is proportional to TEC through the propagation path. It is important to know extreme TEC values in readiness for hazardous ionospheric conditions. The purpose of this study is to estimate extreme TEC values with occurrences of once per year, ten years, and hundred years in Japan. In order to estimate the extreme values of TEC, a cumulative distribution function of daily TEC is derived using 22 years of TEC data from 1997 to 2018. The extreme values corresponding to once per year and ten years are 90 and 130 TECU, respectively, in Tokyo, Japan. On the other hand, the 22-year data set is not sufficient to estimate the once-per-hundred-year value. Thus, we use the 62-year data set of manually scaled ionosonde data for the critical frequency of the F-layer (foF2) at Kokubunji in Tokyo. First, we study the relationship between TEC and foF2 for 22 years and investigate the slab thickness. Then the result is applied to the statistical distribution of foF2 data for 62 years. The result shows that the once-per-100-year TEC is about 190 TECU at Tokyo. The value is also estimated to be 230 TECU in Kagoshima and 150 TECU in Hokkaido, in the southern and northern parts of Japan, respectively.
The apelin-13 peptide protects the heart against apoptosis through the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
Authors: Wang Xuejun , Zhang Li , Feng Mengwen , Zhang Hao , Xu Jia , Cheng Zijie , Qian Lingmei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: It has been acknowledged that endocrine activity is associated with the function of multiple systems in vivo. The apelin-13 peptide has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes. However, whether apelin-13 peptide function in DOX induced cardiotoxicity is unknown. Methods: We explored the function and mechanism of the apelin-13 peptide in apoptosis and oxidative stress by CCK-8, trypan blue staining, TUNEL, LDH, JC-1 and western blot in vitro. Then we verified the effect of apelin-13 in vivo by serum CKMB and LDH, echocardiography, sirius red staining and HE staining assay.Results: Treatment with the apelin-13 peptide significantly enhanced cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced LDH release, rate of apoptosis and activation of caspase-3 in vitro. In mice, the apelin-13 peptide alleviated the heart failure induced by DOX treatment. ML-221 inhibited the activation of ERK, PI3K and AKT proteins phosphorylation by apelin-13.Conclusion: The apelin-13 and APJ interaction on the cell membrane inhibits apoptosis though the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The application of apelin-13 may be a novel therapeutic strategy in oxidative stress-induced heart failure therapy.
Acoustic emission response characteristics of anthracitic coal under uniaxial compression
Authors: Du Feng , Wang Kai , Zhang Guojun , Wang Gongda , Zhang Qian , Ma Ji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The damage evolution of coal is accompanied by the generation of acoustic emission (AE) signal. Through the analysis and research of AE response characteristics of coal deformation and failure, it is helpful to reveal the initiation, propagation and fracture evolution of micro cracks in coal. In this work, taking the anthracite coal as research object, the basic mechanical parameters of coal samples were obtained by ultrasonic tests and uniaxial compression experiments. Meanwhile, the AE response characteristics of coal samples during uniaxial compression were obtained through AE experiments. The results show that when the density is low, the wave velocity of coal sample decreases with the increase of density. When the density is higher than a certain value, the wave velocity of coal sample increases with the increase of density. Through the measurement of ultrasonic wave velocity, it is found that there are some non-uniformity and anisotropy in raw coal samples. The distribution of ring count, energy count and AE events with time in uniaxial compression process is approximately normal distribution. The AE events are concentrated in the elastic stage and yield stage, and the energy amplitude of AE events is higher in the plastic stage. Compared with the ring count and energy count, the AE events have good positioning function, which can better reflect the evolution of internal cracks in coal samples during uniaxial compression.
Chloremia and Fluid Therapy – A Systematic Review
Authors: Astapenko David , Navratil Pavel , Pouska Jiri , Cerny Vladimir 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Crystalloid solutions are one of the most widely used remedies in the field. While generally used in medicine for almost 190 years, studies focused largely on their safety have only been published since the new millennium. The most widely used solution, normal saline, is most often referred to in this context. Its excessive administration results in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with other consequences, including higher mortality rates. Current balanced solutions are safer in this respect and are designed to have a composition close to that of blood plasma.Methods: Original papers and review articles eligible for developing the present paper were identified by searching online in the electronic MEDLINE database. The key words searched for included hyperchloremia, hypochloremia and compound words containing the word “chloride”, infusion therapy, metabolic acidosis, renal failure, and review.Results: A total of 21,758 papers published before 31 May 2020 were identified; of this number, 630 duplicates were removed from the list. Upon excluding articles based on their title or abstract, 1850 papers were screened, of which 63 full-text articles were assessed.Conclusions: According to the latest medical concepts, dyschloremia (both hyperchloremia and hypochloremia) is a factor indisputably having a negative effect on selected variables of clinical outcome. As infusion therapy can significantly impact chlorine homeostasis of the body, the choice of infusion solutions should always take into account the potentially adverse impact of chlorine content on chloremia and organ function.
Association of PICK1 and BDNF Variations with Increased Risk of Methamphetamine Dependence Among Iranian population; A Case-Control Study
Authors: Tajbakhsh Amir , Alimardani Maliheh , Asghari Mahla , Abedini Soheila , Khadem Sohrab Saghafi , Bajestani Abolfazl Nesaei , Alipoor Forough , Alidoust Maryam , Savardashtaki Amir , Hashemian Peyman , Pasdar Alireza 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Genetic factors play an important role in susceptibility to methamphetamine. In this line, protein that interact with C-kinase-1 (PICK1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes are linked to methamphetamine dependence (substance use disorder). Thus, in a case-control study, we investigated the association between polymorphisms of PICK1 and BDNF genes and methamphetamine dependence in an Iranian population from 2015 to 2018.Methods: Total of 235 cases and 204 controls were recruited. The PICK1-rs713729, -rs2076369 and BDNF-rs6265 genotypes were determined via ARMS-PCR assay. Statistical analysis was performed, using SPSS 20.0, PHASE 2.1.1 program as well as SNP Analyzer 2.0.Results: In the present study, two polymorphisms including PICK1-rs713729 (OR: 1.38 (CI: 1.08-1.52; P-value: 0.004) in multiplicative and dominant models, and PICK1-rs2076369 (OR: 1.31 (CI: 1.10-1.56; P-value: 0.002) in multiplicative, dominant and co-dominant models were associated with the risk of methamphetamine abuse. Moreover, haplotype analysis methods showed a significant association between haplotype AG (OR: 2.50 (CI: 1.50-4.16; P-value: 0.0002) in dominant, recessive and co-dominant models, and haplotype TT (OR: 0.67 (CI: 0.50-0.91; P-value: 0.009) in dominant model and co-dominant model with the risk of methamphetamine abuse. None of the polymorphisms in this study had a high level of linkage disequilibrium. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the PICK1 gene might be linked to methamphetamine dependence. Therefore, it can be stated that PICK1 might play a significant role in the pathophysiology of methamphetamine dependence in an Iranian population.
Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Resiliency in Iranian Families with Autistic Children
Authors: Hosseini Maryam alsadat , Shirzad Fatemeh , Ahmadzad-Asl Masoud , Hadi Fatemeh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Autism is a chronic, debilitating condition that begins in childhood and is associated with burnout and sometimes even depression and anxiety in families. The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between resilience and anxiety-depression-stress among families of children with autism in 2018.
Materials and Methods

In this cross-sectional study, after the Ethics Committee approval, according to the calculated sample size, 137 members of the families of children with autism were selected randomly. They were self-questioned themselves by family resilience scale, and also DASS-21 questionnaires, along with the checklist of variables such as number of family members, marital status, educational level, income, background of physical and mental disorders, age and sex. After data collection, they were entered into and analyzed by MS Excel and SPSS V.24 software.
Results

The mean age of the subjects was 40.67 years (± 9.12) with the range of 42 years. 80 persons (58.4%) were female and 57 (41.6%) were male, most of who had a bachelor's degree (51.7%), and generally were married (78.8%) (Living with family). They often had a history of chronic physical (84.7%) or mental illness (95.6%). The mean of the family resilience scores was 193 (± 25) and its range was 124. There was no significant correlation between age/gender and resilience, but depression, anxiety and stress were related to the level of resiliency. Regarding the rate of depression, 51.8% were normal, 10.2% had mild depression, 22.6% had moderate depression, 10.2% had severe depression and 5.1% had very severe depression; income and history of mental illness were significantly associated with depression. In addition, the level of anxiety was 46% normal, 8% mild, 17.5% moderate, 11.7% severe and 16.8% very severe. The number of family members, educational level, income, and history of mental illness had a significant effect on people's anxiety. Also, the stress status of the studied samples were 43.8%, 12.4%, 26.3%, 10.9% and 6.6% normal, mild, moderate, severe and very severe, respectively. The level of education, income, history of mental illness and gender were statistically significant with the level of stress among individuals.
Conclusion

Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that family resilience is a factor that directly correlates with the level of depression, anxiety and stress among the family members of the autistic children. It is therefore advisable to increase this ability of individuals in various ways, such as training, counseling, support groups, and etc.
Impact of Long-Term Air Pollution on the Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19
Authors: Hou Chang-kai , Qin Ya-fei , Liu Quan-lei , Yang Xin-yu , Wang Hao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background There is preliminary evidence of the long-term exposure to air pollution will affect the outcome of patients with COVID-19. More information is needed about relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and case fatality rate (CFR) of patients with COVID-19.Methods In this study, we have collected the data of Air Quality Index (AQI), PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3 from 14 representative cities in China in the past 5 years, and calculated the case fatality rate of COVID-19 in the corresponding city. First, we explored correlation relationship between CFR and long-term air quality indicators. Then, we try to point out the air pollutants that affect the level of CFR and evaluated their predictive value.Results We have observed a positive correlation between the CFR and AQI (1-year, 3-year, 5-year), PM2.5 (1-year, 3-year, 5-year), and PM10 (1-year, 3-year, 5-year). Meanwhile, AQI (3-year, 5-year) and PM2.5 (1-year, 3-year, 5-year) were significantly higher in the high CFR group. Moderate predictive value of air pollution indicator to CFR such as AQI (1-year, 3-year, 5-year), PM2.5 (1-year, 3-year, 5-year) have been found.Conclusions Our results indicate that long-term exposure to the environment with severe air pollution is associated with CFR of COVID-19. Air pollutants such as PM2.5 may have potential ability to predict the CFR of COVID-19.
Changes in Substance Use Pattern in Men with Opioid Use Disorders treated with Methadone during the first year after the Earthquake in the west of Iran: A Cohort Study
Authors: Mirmoeini Seyed Mahmood , Shakeri Jalal , Farnia Vahid , Davarinejad Omran , Radmehr Farnaz , Alikhani Mostafa , Salemi Safora , Hookari Sara 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Experiencing earthquake can lead to an increase in substance use disorders (SUDs) and changes in substance use (SU) patterns in the survivors, therefore, the present study aimed to investigate changes in SU pattern in men with opioid use disorders (OUDs) treated with methadone who referred to Methadone Maintenance Treatment centers in Sarpole Zahab in the first year after the earthquake in the west of Iran in 2017–2018.
Methods

In this prospective cohort study, 180 male patients treated with methadone were enrolled in a census over three periods of four, eight, and twelve months after the earthquake.
Results

93 (51.7%) immediately and 87 people (48.3%) between 1–15 days after the earthquake had access to methadone, 18 of them (10.0%) reported the relapse in the meantime, and in all these cases, the person continued the use in the following months. An increase in the daily dose of methadone in patients was observed in the first evaluation after the earthquake compared to the time before the earthquake, the daily dose was reported in the second and third evaluations with a significant decrease. 18 people (10.0%) had a history of relapse before the earthquake, which in the first post-earthquake assessment reached 32 people (17.8%). In the second and third assessments, 26 (14.4%) and 24 people (13.3%) reported relapse of using the previous drugs without a tendency to new substances.
Conclusion

Due to the changes in the pattern of SU in men treated with methadone, preventive interventions are important for this group after the earthquake.
Feasibility of Anticoagulation using Low Molecular‑weight Heparin during Catheter-directed Thrombolysis for Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Li Yonghui , Wang Junwei , He Rongzhou , Zheng Junmeng , Chen Zhibo , Yao Chen , Huang Kai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The optimal anticoagulant scheme during catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) remains unknown. The present study is performed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of anticoagulation therapy using low molecular‑weight heparin (LMWH) during CDT for DVT.Methods: The clinical data of DVT patients underwent CDT during the past 6 years were retrospectively collected and reviewed. According to LMWH dose, patients were divided into therapeutic-dose anticoagulation (TPDA) group and sub therapeutic-dose anticoagulation (sub-TPDA) group.Results: A total of 61 patients involving 61 limbs were comprised. Acute and subacute DVT were identified in 39 (63.9%) and 22 (36.1%) patients, respectively. Thrombosis involving iliac vein was identified in 34 (55.7%) patients. Inferior vena cava filter placement was performed in 38 (62.3%) patients. Intraoperatively, adjunctive balloon, stent and thrombectomy were provided for 9 (14.8%), 4 (6.6%) and 1 (1.6%) patients, respectively. Twenty (32.8%) patients accepted TPDA therapy, while 41 (67.2%) patients were administrated with sub-TPDA therapy. Median urokinase infusion rates was 2.5 (0.83 to 5) x 104 U/h. Median infusion duration time was 4 (2 to 14) days, and median urokinase dose infused was 240 (60 to 1080) x 104 U. During CDT, 5 (8.2%) cases of minor bleeding were observed, and blood transfusion was not required. No major bleeding, symptomatic pulmonary embolism or death occurred. Complete (>90%) and partial thrombolysis (50~90%) were achieved in 56 (91.8%) patients. In comparison with sub-TPDA group, TPDA group exhibited no significant difference in baseline characteristics, clinical improvement, thrombolysis results and complications.Conclusions: Anticoagulation therapy using low molecular‑weight heparin during CDT for DVT is effective and safe. In comparison with sub-therapeutic-dose anticoagulation, therapeutic-dose did not improve the thrombolytic effect or increase the rate of complication.
Risk Factors for Early Wheezing in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Xun , Yang Minjing , Huang Shengzhu , Qin Xiaolian , Pan Zhijian , Zhu Maoling , Zeng Dingyuan , Huang Yifeng , Liang Tao , Liang Chunmei , Nong Guangmin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The related factors that cause recurrent wheezing in children are complex, and premature delivery may be one of the reasons. Little is known about early wheezing in preterm infants. Methods: Data sourced from 1616 children born between 2007 and 2013 from 8 hospitals of Guangxi in China. All children were followed by telephone or questionnaire through the sixth year of life. Children were grouped by characters of age: Group A: gestational age (GA) ≤ 32 weeks, Group B: 32 weeks < GA < 37 weeks, Group C: 37 weeks ≤ GA < 42 weeks. Results: The incidence and the risk factors of early wheezing in preterm infants were analyzed. The incidence of early wheezing: Group A > Group B > Group C. In Group A, the proportion of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant was higher in early wheezing group than in normal group (P = 0.005). Male (95% CI: 1.611 to 4.601) and family history of allergy (95% CI: 1.222 to 3.411) were the risk factors for early wheezing in Group B. Conclusions: Newborns with younger GA had a higher risk of early wheezing. SGA was a possible factor influencing early wheezing in preterm infants with GA≤ 32 weeks. Male and family history of allergy were the risk factors for early wheezing in preterm infants with 32 weeks < GA < 37 weeks.
WITHDRAWN: Employees’ Occupational Health and Safety Awareness in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghalyini Baraa , Elgazzar Tasnim , Bajaber Abubakr , Wahed Muaz , Ambia Ayesha , Binsaeedu Abdullah , Khan Museera , Adem Fatima , Azouz Rand , Elkhair Sana , Mohamed Fatma , Alsaeed Raghad , AlMakoshi Amel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Occupational hazards are extremely pervasive and preventive community-related incidents occurring in occupations all over the world. In fact, the majority of developed countries impose national policies to provide their employees with Occupational Health and Safety (OHAS) guidelines and recommendations to avoid these hazards. Maintaining and monitoring employee health through following (OHAS) laws in turn has a positive impact on the economic status of the country. Our study was conducted in Riyadh, KSA to fill a research gap on OHAS in the country, and to collect evidence-based OHAS recommendations by focusing on three main occupational health domains: stress, musculoskeletal and respiratory symptoms.Methods: A validated structured questionnaire was administered on a cross-section of 319 randomly selected employees aged 18 - 64 years in Riyadh for two weeks in Oct 2018. The survey was conducted on site of 11 locations for different occupations. Information was sought on their socio-demographic characteristics, first aid training and their awareness of major occupational illnesses; stress, respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders. Factors such as underlying diseases and confounding factors such as smoking were also taken into consideration.Results: A total of 319 employees were surveyed from eleven occupational backgrounds. Among all the involved workplaces only 51.3% of them offered First Aid training for the employees. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 24.1% for weakness followed by 16% for pain. Around 70% of respondents denied suffering from stress at work, neither experiencing stress- related symptoms such as headache, sleeplessness or anxiety attacks as a result of their work.Conclusion: This student-led community engaging study aimed to evaluate employees’ awareness of illnesses related to their occupations and their practices to prevent them. Under the supervision of College of Medicine faculty members at Alfaisal University,1st and 3rd year medical students visited different worksites including schools, dental clinics, car shops, airport terminals, and others to present a brief presentation to promote occupational health and safety proceeded by the distribution of a brief survey. Although musculoskeletal, respiratory and mental illnesses are commonly observed occupation- related complaints, yet this wasn’t evident in our study. This could be explained by employees’ lack of awareness or fear of reporting their health concerns. This observed gap in our study will help in recommending national guidelines to promote occupational health and safety across different occupations.
Is Dietary Pattern Associated with Gastric Cancer Risk? A Case-control Study in Iran
Authors: Nikniaz Zeinab , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Naghashi Shahnaz , Faramarzi Elnaz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective

Diet is considered an important contributor to cancers and one of the best approaches for assessing the combined effect of nutrients and food is the dietary pattern approach. In the present study, the association of dietary patterns identified by factor analysis with gastric cancer risk was studied.
Results

Four major dietary patterns with a 55.48% prediction rate, namely “tubers and spices”, “cereals and dairies”, “healthy” and “Western-style”, were identified. Tubers and spices (males: 11.42 (4.17, 26.75); females: 6.94 (2.24, 21.56)) and “Western-style” dietary patterns (males: 1.16 (1.00-4.35); females: 2.25 (1.10, 6.49) significantly increased the odds of gastric cancer risk in both sex. However, “healthy” dietary pattern and “cereals and dairies” dietary pattern were not associated with gastric cancer risk (P > 0.05).