bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Assessment of Mendelian Stroke Genetic Prevalence in 101 635 Individuals From 7 Ethnic Groups
Authors: Grami Nickrooz , Chong Michael , Lali Ricky , Mohammadi-Shemirani Pedrum , Henshall David E. , Rannikmäe Kristiina , Paré Guillaume 
Published: March 2020

Background and Purpose—
Mendelian stroke confers a high lifetime risk for mutation carriers; however, ethnicity-specific prevalence estimates have been difficult to establish.

Methods—
Eighteen genes responsible for Mendelian stroke were investigated using the Genome Aggregation Database. Genome Aggregation Database participants belonged to 1 of 7 populations: African/African-American, Latino/Admixed American, Ashkenazi Jewish, East Asian, Finnish European, non-Finnish European, and South Asian. Rare nonsynonymous variants from 101 635 participants free of neurological disease were examined for each ethnicity. Mutations were categorized according to 3 nested classes: pathogenic clinical variants, likely damaging variants based on in silico prediction, and all nonsynonymous variants.

Results—

ABCC6
,
KRIT1
,
CECR1
,
COL3A1
,
COL4A1
,
COL4A2
,
COLGALT1
,
GLA
,
HTRA1
,
NOTCH3
,
RNF213
, and
TREX1
harbored pathogenic clinical variants in Genome Aggregation Database. Across all 18 genes, total nonsynonymous carrier frequency was found to be high in 5 ethnicities (African/African-American, Latino/Admixed American, East Asian, non-Finnish European, and South Asian; 28.5%–37.5%) while lower total frequencies were estimated for in silico–predicted likely damaging variants (14.9%–19.7%) and pathogenic clinical variants (0.7%–2.8%). Overall, East Asian exhibited the highest total pathogenic clinical mutation carrier frequency (2.8%).
ABCC6
pathogenic clinical variants were most prevalent among East Asian (0.8%). Pathogenic
NOTCH3
variants, causal for cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, were most frequent among East Asian (1.1%) and South Asian (1.2%). East Asian also demonstrated the highest carrier rate for
RNF213
(0.8%). Finnish European exhibited the greatest
HTRA1
frequency (0.2%), while
COL4A1
pathogenic variants were most prevalent in African/African-American (0.3%).

Conclusions—
Especially, among pathogenic clinical variants, Mendelian stroke genetic prevalence differed significantly between populations. These prevalence estimates may serve as guides for screening and risk profiling in patients worldwide, particularly for understudied non-European populations.
Equivalence Projective Simulation as a Framework for Modeling Formation of Stimulus Equivalence Classes
Authors: Mofrad Asieh Abolpour , Yazidi Anis , Hammer Hugo L. , Arntzen Erik 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Stimulus equivalence (SE) and projective simulation (PS) study complex behavior, the former in human subjects and the latter in artificial agents. We apply the PS learning framework for modeling the formation of equivalence classes. For this purpose, we first modify the PS model to accommodate imitating the emergence of equivalence relations. Later, we formulate the SE formation through the matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure. The proposed version of PS model, called the equivalence projective simulation (EPS) model, is able to act within a varying action set and derive new relations without receiving feedback from the environment. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that the field of equivalence theory in behavior analysis has been linked to an artificial agent in a machine learning context. This model has many advantages over existing neural network models. Briefly, our EPS model is not a black box model, but rather a model with the capability of easy interpretation and flexibility for further modifications. To validate the model, some experimental results performed by prominent behavior analysts are simulated. The results confirm that the EPS model is able to reliably simulate and replicate the same behavior as real experiments in various settings, including formation of equivalence relations in typical participants, nonformation of equivalence relations in language-disabled children, and nodal effect in a linear series with nodal distance five. Moreover, through a hypothetical experiment, we discuss the possibility of applying EPS in further equivalence theory research.
Thirty Years of Research on Children’s Rights in the Context of Migration
Authors: Brittle Ruth , Desmet Ellen 
Published: March 2020

This article presents a tentative analysis of 30 years of academic research in the field of children’s rights and migration (1989–2019). Much research has addressed the plight of unaccompanied, refugee and asylum-seeking children, trying better to link children’s rights considerations with international refugee law. Many publications address the best interests of the child principle and the right to be heard. Most research focuses on (migration towards) Europe. This has led to an increased visibility and recognition of children’s rights in the context of migration.
However, there are still various blind spots in the research reviewed. Most research focuses on some children, but not all (e.g., accompanied children), on some rights, but not all (e.g., economic, social and cultural rights), and on some types of migration, but not all (e.g., economic migration). Moreover, refugee and migrant children tend to be studied as a group, which risks reducing attention for their internal diversity.
New Insights into Yona Wallach’s Poem ‘Tefillin’: Sefer Or Zaruʿa and Shabbtai Tzvi
Authors: Cooper Frumkin Shlomit 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
First published in Iton 77 in 1982, the poem ‘Tefillin’ by Yona Wallach sparked uproar and prompted various discussions by researchers (and journalists). This article discusses two aspects that have not been considered in previous research. First, ‘Tefillin’ was written as part of a play based on Jacob Horowitz’s book Sefer Or zaruʿa (Tel Aviv 1927). Second, the poem was inspired by a text about Shabbtai Tzvi. This view is complemented here by additional mystical sources. ‘Tefillin”s literary context alters prior perception of Wallach’s poetry and image as a writer: instead of being uninfluenced by literary traditions, I show how Wallach in fact participates in a tradition of texts. The insights and text analysis presented here put forward a crucial research agenda, claiming that Hebrew literary criticism can benefit from a thorough knowledge of Kabbalah research. The absence of this attitude from current research limits the commentarial potential.
Madden–Julian Oscillation–Induced Suppression of Northeast Pacific Convection Increases U.S. Tornadogenesis
Authors: Kim Dongmin , Lee Sang-Ki , Lopez Hosmay 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on U.S. tornadogenesis using atmospheric reanalysis and model experiments. Our analysis shows that the impact of MJO on U.S. tornadogenesis is most significant in May–July and during MJO phases 3–4 and 5–6 (P3456). These MJO phases are characterized by anomalous ascending motion over the Maritime Continent (MC) and anomalous subsidence over the northeast Pacific (EP), generating anomalous diabatic heating and cooling, respectively. These in turn generate large-scale atmospheric conditions conducive to tornadogenesis in the United States, enhancing the North American low-level jet (NALLJ) and thus increasing the influx of warm and moist air from the Gulf of Mexico to the United States and increasing the low-level wind shear and convective available potential energy along its path. Conversely, during MJO phases 1–2 and 7–8, the opposite patterns of atmospheric anomalies appear over the United States producing unfavorable environments for U.S. tornadogenesis. We further investigate the underlying mechanism for MJO-induced atmospheric circulations conducive to U.S. tornadogenesis using a linear baroclinic model (LBM). The LBM is forced by diabatic heating over the MC and cooling over the EP, which characterizes the P3456 MJO phase. The model experiment reproduces an anomalous ridge over the southern United States and associated anomalous low-level anticyclone that enhances the NALLJ and increases tornadic environmental parameters. Additional sensitivity experiments prescribing the diabatic heating over the MC and diabatic cooling over the EP independently demonstrate that diabatic cooling over the EP is the main driver for producing regional atmospheric conditions favorable for U.S. tornadogenesis.
A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial of Combination Therapy with Proton Pump Inhibitors and Mucolytics in Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Authors: Chae Minsuk , Jang Dong Hyuk , Kim Ho Chan , Kwon Minsu 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: To identify whether combination therapy with mucolytics and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) leads to faster and more effective symptomatic relief in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Methods: Patients diagnosed as LPR with a reflux symptom index (RSI) ≥ 13 and a reflux finding score (RFS) ≥ 7 were enrolled in this prospective study. Patients were randomly allocated to control (PPI only) or experimental (PPI + mucolytics) groups and changes in RSI and RFS values were assessed at 1- and 3-month follow-up. Results: One hundred sixteen patients were randomly allocated into either the control group ( n = 59) or the experimental group ( n = 57). The RSI and RFS scores significantly decreased in both groups (all P < .001) after 1 month of treatment; however, there was no significant difference in RSI change between groups ( P = .223). After 3 months of treatment, there remained no significant difference in RSI change between groups ( P = .592). Conclusions: Combination therapy with mucolytics and PPI compared to PPI alone did not lead to faster or more effective symptomatic relief in LPR patients.
Prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms on palliative care patients in a university hospital–bound palliative care unit: A prospective cohort analysis
Authors: Strapatsas Tobias Georg , Simons Viola , Ghebremedhin Beniam , Ahmad-Nejad Parviz , Schmalz Oliver 
Published: March 2020

Background: Multidrug-resistant organisms are a growing challenge and burden to patient care. To date, there are only data concerning the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Thus, numbers of other multidrug-resistant organisms can only be extrapolated and inferred from more or less comparable cohorts. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms on palliative care in-patients. Design: A prospective cohort analysis Setting/participants: A University Hospital–bound palliative care unit, in which all patients admitted to the unit were screened for inclusion. Results: In total, 304 patients were included in this study. The prevalence for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of 5.2% (95% confidence interval: 2.9%–8.4%), for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium of 10.5% (95% confidence interval: 7.2%–14.8%), for Ciprofloxacin-resistant-extended spectrum beta-lactamases isolates of 5.8% (95% confidence interval: 3.4%–9.3%) and Ciprofloxacin-resistant Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria of 0.3% (95% confidence interval: 0%–1.3%) was calculated. Except for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, patients carrying a multidrug-resistant organism had a significant longer duration of hospitalization. Median length of stay was 12 days (interquartile range: 14.5, no multidrug-resistant organisms), 14.5 days (interquartile range: 15, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), 21 days (interquartile range: 16.5, vancomycin-resistant enterococci), 22 days (interquartile range: 20.75, Ciprofloxacin-resistant-extended spectrum beta-lactamases) and 32 days (interquartile range: 22.00) for patients carrying two organisms. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of all multidrug-resistant organisms within the hospitalized palliative care patients. However, the multidrug-resistant organisms do not seem to impact the survival within this cohort. Further studies should evaluate additional end-points, for example, quality of life, which are of special interest in this cohort.
Development and psychometric evaluation of triage questionnaire (QTrix): Exploratory factor analysis and item response theory analysis
Authors: Abd Rahman Nurul Fateha , Tuan Kamauzaman Tuan Hairulnizam , Nor Arifin Wan , Md Noh Abu Yazid 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:Triage errors can occur in all emergency departments, regardless of the type of triage system being used. One way to minimize triaging errors is by enhancing the triage officers’ knowledge and attitude on triage. The assessment of knowledge and attitude can be carried out by questionnaire assessment. This study aims to perform content, face, and construct validation on a newly developed triage questionnaire, QTrix, which is designed for healthcare personnel in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia, that uses the three‐tier Malaysian Triage Category system.Methods:This study consisted of two phases: the first phase was the questionnaire development phase, which included the content validity with the expert panel and the face validity using 30 respondents; and the second phase was the psychometric assessment phase, which included the item response theory and the exploratory factor analysis using 139 respondents.Results:The knowledge section with 12 remaining items was considered unidimensional by item response theory after removing items with extreme difficulty coefficients (outside the range of −3 to +3) and items with very low discrimination values (<0.35). After exploratory factor analysis, two items in the attitude section were removed due to low factor loadings (<0.3) and high item complexity. The reliability of the remaining 13 items in the attitude section was very good as shown by Cronbach's alpha values of more than 0.8.Conclusion:The QTrix questionnaire is a well‐validated and reliable tool to assess the knowledge and the attitude on triage. Its use among healthcare personnel can help minimize triaging errors in emergency departments that utilize the Malaysian Triage Category system.
Bilingual verbs in three Spanish/English code-switching communities
Authors: Balam Osmer , Parafita Couto María del Carmen , Stadthagen-González Hans 
Published: March 2020

Objectives/research questions: We investigate two understudied bilingual compound verbs that have been attested in Spanish/English code-switching; namely, ‘ hacer + VInf’ and ‘ estar + VProg’. Specifically, we examined speakers’ intuitions vis-à-vis the acceptability and preferential use of non-canonical and canonical hacer ‘to do’ or estar ‘to be’ bilingual constructions among bilinguals from Northern Belize, New Mexico and Puerto Rico. Methodology: Speakers from Northern Belize ( n = 44), New Mexico ( n = 32) and Puerto Rico ( n = 30) completed a two-alternative forced-choice acceptability task and a language background questionnaire. Data and analysis: The data were examined using an analysis of variance and Thurstone’s Law of Comparative Judgment. Conclusions: Whereas Northern Belizean bilinguals gave the highest ratings to ‘ hacer + VInf’, both groups of US bilinguals gave preferential ratings to ‘ estar + VProg’ bilingual constructions. On the other hand, Puerto Rican bilinguals gave the highest preferential ratings to the canonical estar bilingual compound verbs (i.e. estar + an English progressive verb) but rejected hacer bilingual compound verbs. While ‘ hacer + VInf’ and ‘ estar + VProg’ may represent variants that are available to Spanish/English bilinguals, the present findings suggest a community-specific distribution, in which hacer bilingual compound verbs are consistently preferred over estar bilingual compound verbs in Northern Belize, whereas estar bilingual constructions are preferred among US bilinguals. Originality: This is the first cross-community examination of these bilingual compound verbs in Northern Belize (Central America/Caribbean), New Mexico (Southwest US) and Puerto Rico (US/Caribbean), three contexts in the Spanish-speaking world characterized by long-standing Spanish/English language contact and the use of bilingual language practices. Implications: Findings underscore the importance of bilingual language experience in modulating linguistic competence and the necessity to study code-switching from a language ecological perspective, as subtle context-specific patterns in code-switching varieties may be manifested not only in bilingual speakers’ oral production but in intuition as well. A more fine-grained understanding of speakers’ judgments is vital to experimental studies that seek to investigate code-switching grammars both within and across communities where code-switching varieties of the same language pair are spoken.
Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke in patients with recurrent intracranial large vessel occlusion
Authors: Klepanec Andrej , Harsany Jan , Haring Jozef , Mako Miroslav , Hoferica Matus , Rusina Matej , Cisar Juraj , Krastev Georgi 
Published: March 2020

Background Data on the treatment with recurrent mechanical thrombectomy of patients with acute ischemic stroke with recurrent large vessel occlusion are limited. We report our experience with recurrent mechanical thrombectomy for recurrent large vessel occlusion. Methods During the period between May 2013 and August 2018, data on patients with recurrent large vessel occlusion were collected. Baseline clinical characteristics, recanalization technique, recanalization rates and clinical outcomes of patients with recurrent large vessel occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy were analyzed. Patients with recurrent large vessel occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy were compared with patients who underwent single mechanical thrombectomy. Results During the study period, 7 of 474 patients (1.5%) were treated with mechanical thrombectomy for recurrent large vessel occlusion. The mean age of these patients was 64.4 (±7.9) years, and the mean time interval between thrombectomies was 47 (±48) h. The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 12 (range 5–24) before the first and 20 (range 3–34) before the second procedure; the mean NIHSS at discharge was 5 (range 2–25). Good clinical outcome after repeated mechanical thrombectomy defined as modified Rankin scale of 0–2 was achieved in 29% of patients at three months of follow-up. Conclusions Repeat mechanical thrombectomy is a rare procedure, but appears to be a feasible, safe and effective treatment option in patients with acute ischemic stroke and early recurrent large vessel occlusion.
Efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Miao , Wang Guiyue , Li Yuhang , Wang Hongliang , Liu Haitao , Guo Nana , Han Ci , Peng Yahui , Yang Mengyuan , Liu Yansong , Ma Xiaohui , Yu Kaijiang , Wang Changsong 
Published: March 2020

Background: Thrombosis is a common complication in patients with cancer. Whether thromboprophylaxis could benefit patients with cancer is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis in patients with cancer undergoing surgery or chemotherapy. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science for studies published before May 2018 to investigate whether thromboprophylaxis measures were more effective than a placebo in patients with cancer. Results: In total, 33 trials with 11,942 patients with cancer were identified. In patients with cancer undergoing surgery, the administration of thromboprophylaxis was associated with decreasing trends in venous thromboembolism (VTE) [relative risk (RR) 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–0.81] and DVT (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33–0.87). In patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, the administration of thromboprophylaxis reduced the incidences of VTE, DVT, and pulmonary embolism compared with no thromboprophylaxis (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40–0.73; RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31–0.73; RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32–0.81, respectively). The pooled results regarding major bleeding showed no significant difference between prophylaxis and no prophylaxis in either the surgical or the chemotherapy groups (RR 2.35, 95% CI 0.74–7.52, p = 0.1482, I2 = 0%; RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.93–1.83, p = 0.1274, I2 = 0%, respectively). Conclusion: Thromboprophylaxis did not increase major bleeding events or the incidence of thrombocytopenia. All-cause mortality was not significantly different between those who received thromboprophylaxis and those who did not. This meta-analysis provides evidence that thromboprophylaxis can reduce the number of VTE and DVT events, with no apparent increase in the incidence of major bleeding in patients with cancer.
A comparative study of innovative percutaneous repair and open repair for acute Achilles tendon rupture: Innovative usage of intraoperative ultrasonography
Authors: Lee Jeong-Kil , Kang Chan , Hwang Deuk-Soo , Kang Dong-Hun , Lee Gi-Soo , Hwang Jung-Mo , Song Jae-Hwang , Lee Cheol-Won 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: There is no definitive consensus on the optimal treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. We comparatively analyzed the clinical outcomes of two types of repair surgeries in treating Achilles tendon rupture. Methods: This retrospective study included 12 patients of Achilles tendon rupture (group A) treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous repair and 18 patients (group B) treated with open repair. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Arner–Lindholm scale, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle–hindfoot score, Achilles Tendon Total Rupture score (ATRS), visual analog scale, time to single heel raise, bilateral calf circumferences, recovery of athletic ability, and other complications. Results: While the Arner–Lindholm scale, AOFAS ankle–hindfoot score, ATRS, time point when single heel raise was possible, differences in bilateral calf circumference, and recovery of athletic ability compared to pre-rupture level were not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.999, 0.235, 0.357, 0.645, 0.497, and 0.881, respectively), overall and aesthetic satisfaction levels were higher in the group treated with percutaneous repair under ultrasonography guidance (p = 0.035 and 0.001, respectively). Overall, there were no cases involving sural nerve injury in either group. Conclusion: Innovative percutaneous repair provides not only similar clinical outcomes but also greater overall and aesthetic satisfaction levels of operative outcomes and minimal complications (i.e. sural nerve injury) compared to open repair surgeries. Therefore, percutaneous repair may be a useful technique in the treatment of Achilles tendon rupture.