bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual acuity and egg spatial chromatic contrast predict egg rejection behavior of American robins
Authors: Luro Alec B. , Fernández-Juricic Esteban , Baumhardt Patrice , Hauber Mark E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractColor and spatial vision are critical for recognition and discrimination tasks affecting fitness, including finding food and mates and recognizing offspring. For example, as a counter defense to avoid the cost of raising the unrelated offspring of obligate interspecific avian brood parasites, many host species routinely view, recognize, and remove the foreign egg(s) from their nests. Recent research has shown that host species visually attend to both chromatic and spatial pattern features of eggs; yet how hosts simultaneously integrate these features together when recognizing eggs remains an open question. Here, we tested egg rejection responses of American robins (Turdus migratorius) using a range of 3D-printed model eggs covered with blue and yellow checkered patterns differing in relative square sizes. We predicted that robins would reject a model egg if they could visually resolve the blue and yellow squares as separate features or accept it if the squares blended together and appeared similar in color to the natural blue-green color of robin eggs as perceived by the avian visual system. As predicted, the probability of robins rejecting a model egg increased with greater sizes of its blue and yellow squares. Our results suggest that chromatic visual acuity and viewing distance have the potential to limit the ability of a bird to recognize a foreign egg in its nest, thus providing a limitation to host egg recognition that obligate interspecific avian brood parasites may exploit.
Stretched-Exponential Modeling of Anomalous T1ρand T2Relaxation in the Intervertebral DiscIn Vivo
Authors: Wilson Robert L. , Bowen Leah , Kim Woong , Reiter David A. , Neu Corey P. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPurposeIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), resulting in the depletion of hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) located in the nucleus pulposus (NP), can lead to debilitating neck and back pain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a promising means of IVD assessment due to the sensitivity of MRI tissue relaxation properties to matrix composition. Furthermore, anomalous (i.e. non-monoexponential) relaxation models have shown higher sensitivity to specific matrix components compared to conventional monoexponential models. Here, we extend the use of the stretched exponential model, an anomalous relaxation model, to IVD relaxometry data.Theory and MethodsT1ρand T2relaxation data were measured in the cervical IVDs of healthy volunteers and IVDs adjacent to cervical fusion, and analyzed using both conventional and stretched-exponential (SE) models. Model differences were evaluated via goodness of fit in the healthy data. Normalized histograms of the resultant quantitative MRI (qMRI) maps were described using stable distributions, and data were compared across adjacent disc segments.ResultsIn the healthy IVDs, we found lower mean squared error in the SE relaxation model fitting behavior compared to monoexponential models, supporting anomalous relaxation behavior in healthy IVDs. SE model parameter αT1ρincreased level-wise in the caudal direction, especially in the nucleus pulposus, while conventional T1ρand T2monoexponential measures did not vary. For IVDs adjacent to cervical fusion, SE parameters deviated near the fusion site compared with those in the healthy population.ConclusionSE modeling of T1ρrelaxation provides greater sensitivity to level-wise variation in IVD matrix properties compared with conventional relaxation modeling, and could provide improved sensitivity to early stages of IVD degeneration. The improved model fit and correlation between the SE αT1ρparameter with IVD level suggests SE modeling may be a more sensitive method for detection of GAG content variation.
Multimodal and multisensory coding in theDrosophilalarval peripheral gustatory center
Authors: Maier G. Larisa , Biočanin Marjan , Bues Johannes , Meyenhofer Felix , Avalos Clarisse Brunet , Kwon Jae Young , Deplancke Bart , Sprecher Simon G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ability to evaluate food palatability is innate in all animals, ensuring their survival. The external taste organ inDrosophilalarvae is composed of only few sensory neurons but enables discrimination between a wide range of chemicals and displays high complexity in receptor gene expression and physiological response profile. It remains largely unknown how the discrepancy between a small neuronal number and the perception of a large sensory space is genetically and physiologically resolved. We tackled dissection of taste sensory coding at organ level with cellular resolution in the fruit fly larva by combining whole-organ calcium imaging and single-cell transcriptomics to map physiological properties and molecular features of individual neurons. About one third of gustatory sense neurons responded to multiple tastants, showing a rather large degree of multimodality within the taste organ. Further supporting the notion of signal integration at the periphery, we observed neuronal deactivation events within simultaneous neighboring responses, suggesting inter-cellular communication through electrical coupling and thus providing an additional level in how neurons may encode taste sensing. Interestingly, we identified neurons responding to both mechanical and taste stimulation, indicating potential multisensory integration. On a molecular level, chemosensory cells show heterogeneity in neuromodulator expression. In addition to a broad cholinergic profile, markers on dopaminergic, glutamatergic or neuropeptidergic pathways are present either in distinct cell populations or are seemingly co-expressed. Our data further extend the sensory capacity of the larval taste system pointing towards an unanticipated degree of multimodal and multisensory coding principles.
Identification of DNA response elements regulating expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β and δ during early adipogenesis
Authors: Merrett James E. , Bo Tao , Psaltis Peter J. , Proud Christopher G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGiven the high and increasing prevalence of obesity and associated disorders, such as type-2 diabetes, it is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate lipid storage and the differentiation of fat cells, a process termed adipogenesis. Using the well-established mouse 3T3-L1in vitromodel of adipogenesis, we refine how the induction of two key adipogenic transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) β and δ are regulated during early adipogenesis. We identify, in the gene promoters ofCebpbandCebpd, the DNA response elements responsible for binding transcription factors that are activated by cAMP or glucocorticoids. We also show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinase 2 (MNK2;Mknk2), which plays a distinct role in diet-induced obesity, is induced during early adipogenesis and identify the functional DNA response elements responsible for regulating its expression.Mknk2expression is maintained in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and is expressed at high levels across a range of mouse adipose tissue depots. Together, these new insights help to clarify the transcriptional program of early adipogenesis and identifyMknk2as one of potentially many genes up-regulated during adipogenesis.
A novel therapeutic antibody screening method using bacterial high-content imaging reveals functional antibody binding phenotypes ofEscherichia coliST131
Authors: Maes Mailis , Dyson Zoe A. , Smith Sarah E. , Goulding David A. , Ludden Catherine , Baker Stephen , Kellam Paul , Reece Stephen T. , Dougan Gordon , Scott Josefin Bartholdson 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and lack of new classes of licensed antimicrobials, have made alternative treatment options for AMR pathogens increasingly attractive. Recent studies have demonstrated anti-bacterial efficacy of a humanised monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the O25b O-antigen ofEscherichia coliST131. To evaluate the phenotypic effects of antibody binding to diverse clinicalE. coliST131 O25b bacterial isolates in high-throughput, we designed a novel mAb screening method using high-content imaging (HCI) and image-based morphological profiling to screen a mAb targeting the O25b O-antigen. Screening the antibody against a panel of 86 clinicalE. coliST131 O25:H4 isolates revealed 4 binding phenotypes: no binding (18.60%), weak binding (4.65%), strong binding (69.77%) and strong agglutinating binding (6.98%). Impaired antibody binding could be explained by the presence of insertion sequences or mutations in O-antigen or lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis genes, affecting the amount, structure or chain length of the O-antigen. The agglutinating binding phenotype was linked with lower O-antigen density, enhanced antibody-mediated phagocytosis and increased serum susceptibly. This study highlights the need to screen candidate mAbs against large panels of clinically relevant isolates, and that HCI can be used to evaluate mAb binding affinity and potential functional efficacy against AMR bacteria.
Solving the fractional heat-like and wave-like equations with variable coefficients utilizing the Laplace homotopy method
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Yao Shao-Wen 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to suggest the approximate solution of time fractional heat-like and wave-like (TFH-L and W-L) equations with variable coefficients. The proposed scheme shows that the results are very close to the exact solution.

Design/methodology/approach
First with the help of some basic properties of fractional derivatives, a scheme that has the capability to solve fractional partial differential equations is constructed. Then, TFH-L and W-L equations with variable coefficients are solved by this scheme, which yields results very close to the exact solution. The derived results demonstrate that this scheme is very effective. Finally, the convergence of this method is discussed.

Findings
A traditional method is combined with the Laplace transform to construct this scheme. To decompose the nonlinear terms, this paper introduces the homotopy perturbation method with He’s polynomials and thus the solution is provided in the form of a series that converges to the exact solution very quickly.

Originality/value
The proposed approach is original and very effective because this approach is, to the authors’ knowledge, used for the first time very successfully to tackle the fractional partial differential equations, which are of great interest.
Design of a hybrid controller using genetic algorithm and neural network for path planning of a humanoid robot
Authors: Rath Asita Kumar , Parhi Dayal R. , Das Harish Chandra , Kumar Priyadarshi Biplab , Mahto Manjeet Kumar 
Published: May 2020

PurposeTo navigate humanoid robots in complex arenas, a significant level of intelligence is required which needs proper integration of computational intelligence with the robot's controller. This paper describes the use of a combination of genetic algorithm and neural network for navigational control of a humanoid robot in given cluttered environments.Design/methodology/approachThe experimental work involved in the current study has been done by a NAO humanoid robot in laboratory conditions and simulation work has been done by the help of V-REP software. Here, a genetic algorithm controller is first used to generate an initial turning angle for the robot and then the genetic algorithm controller is hybridized with a neural network controller to generate the final turning angle.FindingsFrom the simulation and experimental results, satisfactory agreements have been observed in terms of navigational parameters with minimal error limits that justify the proper working of the proposed hybrid controller.Originality/valueWith a lack of sufficient literature on humanoid navigation, the proposed hybrid controller is supposed to act as a guiding way towards the design and development of more robust controllers in the near future.
Key factors for implementation and success of destination management systems. Empirical evidence from European countries
Authors: Martins Catarina Antónia , Carneiro Maria João Aibéo , Pacheco Osvaldo Rocha 
Published: May 2020

PurposeDestination management organizations perform a very important role regarding the management of tourism destinations. Destination management systems are a key technological infrastructure for these organizations. However, in the literature, it is not clear what are the factors that promote the implementation of these systems, neither what are the factors that contribute to their success. This study aims to propose and test two research models to overcome these research gaps.Design/methodology/approachThe first model refers to the determinants of the implementation of destination management systems, and the second model refers to the determinants of the success of those systems. The models are tested with data collected through a questionnaire survey from destination management organizations of five European countries, which are among the leaders in international tourism receipts.FindingsConcerning the factors that promote the implementation of destination management systems, this study reveals the importance of the diversity of partnerships that the private sector establishes in the destination, of advantages resulting from governance and of partners' involvement in the functions of destination management organizations. Concerning the factors that promote the success of these systems, this study highlights the importance of a phased implementation, the fact that a high number of functionalities in the system prevents success and the importance of having a revenue model that can support financial and operating costs.Originality/valueThe study provides important theoretical and practical contributions to the successful implementation of destination management systems by destination management organizations.
E-health system characteristics, medical performance and healthcare quality at UNRWA-Palestine health centers
Authors: Dahleez Khalid Abed , Bader Imad , Aboramadan Mohammed 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how e-health system characteristics (information quality, system quality, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness) contribute to the enhancement of medical staff performance, patient care, and doctor–patient relationships at UNRWA-Gaza healthcare centers. It aims at testing an integrative single model comprising Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), D&M model and e-health system utilization.Design/methodology/approachThis study followed the quantitative methodology and the deductive research approach. Data were collected from 241 medical staff who use the system employed in 19 different healthcare centers across the Gaza Strip. Partial least square/structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze the collected data and to test study hypotheses.FindingsStudy concluded that information quality of the adopted Health Information System (HIS) has both direct and indirect positive impact on staff performance, only direct positive impact on patient care and only positive indirect impact on doctor–patient relationship. System quality, on the other hand, was found to have negative direct impact and positive indirect impact on staff performance and has both direct and indirect positive impact on both doctor-patient relationship and patient care.Research limitations/implicationsNoteworthy that HIS has availability, speed and error detection and error prevention issues. It is recommended that these shortfalls be addressed together with improving user perception towards ease of use and usefulness of the system.Practical implicationsManagement should also work to raise confidence in its medical staff to improve the effect of HIS on medical performance and patient care. It is also recommended that UNRWA should implement crowed management techniques such as queuing systems and on-phone booking to minimize patient waiting time.Originality/valueThe importance of the study stems from its context being conducted in a developing region (Gaza Strip-Palestine) which has a fragile economic, political and social environment with many other complexities. It is also conducted at United Nations Relief and Work Agency (UNRWA) healthcare centers, which provide medical services to Palestinian refugees. In addition, this study is among the few studies that address the impact of individual e-health success factors on both doctor-patient relationship and patient care constructs. Most previous studies concentrated on the impact of health system adoption as a whole on these two subject variables and one can hardly ever stop at studies that address effect of individual success factors on them. It also integrated both D&M system success model and TAM model with some additional amendments creating and tested a new model.
Williamson nanofluid flow through porous medium in the presence of melting heat transfer boundary condition: semi-analytical approach
Authors: Mishra S.R. , Mathur Priya 
Published: May 2020

PurposePresent investigation based on the flow of electrically conducting Williamson nanofluid embedded in a porous medium past a linearly horizontal stretching sheet. In addition to that, the combined effect of thermophoresis, Brownian motion, thermal radiation and chemical reaction is considered in both energy and solutal transfer equation, respectively.Design/methodology/approachWith suitable choice of nondimensional variables the governing equations for the velocity, temperature, species concentration fields, as well as rate shear stress at the plate, rate of heat and mass transfer are expressed in the nondimensional form. These transformed coupled nonlinear differential equations are solved semi-analytically using variation parameter method.FindingsThe behavior of characterizing parameters such as magnetic parameter, melting parameter, porous matrix, Brownian motion, thermophoretic parameter, radiation, Lewis number and chemical particular case present result validates with earlier established results and found to be in good agreement. Finally reaction parameter is demonstrated via graphs and numerical results are presented in tabular form.Originality/valueThe said work is an original work of the authors.
Questionnaire‐based epidemiological study of hidradenitis suppurativa in Japan revealing characteristics different from those in Western countries
Authors: Hayama Koremasa , Fujita Hideki , Hashimoto Takashi , Terui Tadashi ,   The Japanese HS Research Group
Published: May 2020

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic relapsing skin disease localized mainly on the apocrine gland‐bearing areas. In Japan, HS is yet to be fully understood, and no criteria have been established for its diagnosis or severity assessment. The purpose of this study was to investigate and characterize HS in Japan. We conducted a nationwide questionnaire‐based study, in which Japanese diagnostic criteria were proposed. Question items included age, sex, disease duration, past history, family history, smoking status, disease severity scores (Hurley stage, modified Sartorius score and Physician Global Assessment [PGA] score), treatments, comorbidities and prognosis. We analyzed 300 patients (219 males and 81 females) diagnosed with HS based on our criteria. Average disease duration was 92.3 ± 6.82 months. Only 12 (4%) patients had a family history of HS. Disease severity was classified by PGA score (mild, 100 [33.3%]; moderate, 133 [44.3%]; severe, 34 [11.3%]; most severe, 29 [9.7%]) and Hurley stage (I, 69 [23%]; II, 109 [36.3%]; III, 121 [40.3%]). Disease severities based on PGA score and Hurley stage were positively correlated to modified Sartorius score using the Kruskal–Wallis test (P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with diabetes mellitus showed higher PGA scores (χ2 = 10.977, P = 0.01185). Presence of axillary lesions related to higher PGA scores (χ2 = 8.6378, P = 0.03452). The results in this study and previous studies indicate that Japanese HS patients have different backgrounds from those in Western countries, and are characterized by male predominance, higher incidence of Hurley stages II and III, higher PGA scores in patients with axillary lesions and much fewer familial cases.
Three‐dimensional inversion of airborne data with applications for detecting elongated subvertical bodies overlapped by an inhomogeneous conductive layer with topography
Authors: Persova Marina G. , Soloveichik Yuri G. , Vagin Denis V. , Kiselev Dmitry S. , Grif Alexander M. , Koshkina Yulia I. , Sivenkova Anastasia P. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWe propose the approach to 3D inversion of airborne electromagnetic data, which is intended for discovering subvertical bodies overlapped by essentially inhomogeneous conductive layers. The approach is based on the geometric inversion in which a geoelectrical medium is parameterized with the use of block structures. During the inversion, the coordinates of the borders between the blocks and the rows of the blocks as well as resistivities inside them are determined. In order to solve the forward problem of the airborne electromagnetic survey, we use the non‐conforming optimized mesh with the hexahedral cells, which enables us to reduce the number of degrees of freedom and smoothly approximate the curved borders of a geological medium. For a more reliable discovery of subvertical objects, we propose to carry out 3D inversions at several rotations of block structures relative to the flight lines. The workability of this approach is demonstrated using the data which are synthesized for complex geoelectrical models with topography, inhomogeneous overlapping layers and target subvertical bodies oriented differently relative to the flight lines. The results of this investigation show that, in some way or other, the elongated subvertical object is discovered and its orientation (the direction of its long side) is defined at different rotations of block structures used in 3D inversions. However, the most accurate recovery of the subvertical object length is achieved when the direction of its long side almost coincides with the direction of one of the block structures axes. Thus, the block structures rotations allow not only more reliably discovering a target object in complex geoelectrical conditions, but also more exactly defining its orientation and length.
Pubertal timing and adolescent delinquency†
Authors: Bucci Rebecca , Staff Jeremy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEarly pubertal timing (PT) increases the risk of adolescent delinquency, whereas late development reduces this risk; however, the mechanisms explaining PT effects on delinquency remain elusive. Theoretically, the PT–delinquency relationship is as a result of changes in parental supervision, peer affiliations, and body‐image perceptions or is a spurious reflection of early life risk factors. Using intergenerational data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a prospective sample of children followed from infancy to age 14 years in the United Kingdom (N = 11,556 parent–child pairs), we find that for both boys and girls, early PT is associated with heightened risks of delinquency, relative to on‐time puberty, whereas late PT is associated with lower risks, even after controlling for a large share of childhood confounders. Mediation test results indicate that changes in parental supervision, peer affiliations, and body‐image perceptions from ages 11 to 14 partly account for associations between off‐time PT and delinquency. Our findings are most consistent with criminological theories in which the psychosocial, familial, and peer group changes that accompany off‐time pubertal development are emphasized. Changes in peer substance use, in particular, were the primary explanatory factor for the relationships between early and late PT and delinquency, for both boys and girls.