bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart Rate Variability After Sprint Interval Training in Cyclists and Implications for Assessing Physical Fatigue
Authors: Hebisz Rafał G. , Hebisz Paulina , Zatoń Marek W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Hebisz, RG, Hebisz, P, and Zatoń, MW. Heart rate variability after sprint interval training in cyclists and implications for assessing physical fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 558–564, 2022—This study evaluated the time- and frequency-domain indexes of heart rate variability (HRV) during sprint interval exercise test (SIXT) and identify the onset of fatigue by HRV concurrent with changes in average (Pavg) and peak (Ppeak) power output, total oxygen uptake (V̇o
2tou), and blood hydrogen (H+) and lactate (La−) concentrations. Twenty-seven cyclists performed 4 sets of SIXT in which each set consisted of four 30-second maximal sprints interspersed with 90 seconds of low-intensity cycling. Each set was separated by 25–40 minutes of recovery. Before beginning each set, HRV was analyzed by time (mean normal-to-normal RR intervals [RRNN], SD of normal-to-normal RR intervals [SDNN], and square root of the mean squared difference between successive normal-to-normal RR intervals [RMSSD]) and frequency (total spectral power [T] and very low- [VLF], low- [LF], and high-frequency [HF] spectral power) domain methods. Pavg, Ppeak, and V̇o
2tou were recorded in each set, and H+ and La− were measured after each set. RRNN, SDNN, and VLF decreased in the second set, whereas all time and frequency indexes of HRV decreased in the third and fourth set. Pavg and H+ decreased, while V̇o
2tou increased in the fourth set. Ppeak decreased in the second, third, and fourth set. Correlations were found between the changes in the time and frequency indexes of HRV with H+, La−, and V̇o
2tou. The results indicate that HRV does not reflect the onset of physical fatigue in SIXT as was observed in Pavg and no correlation was found between the changes in HRV with Pavg and Ppeak.
Session Rating of Perceived Exertion as an Efficient Tool for Individualized Resistance Training Progression
Authors: Gomes Rodrigo L. , Lixandrão Manoel E. , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Moreira Alexandre , Tricoli Valmor , Roschel Hamilton 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Gomes, RL, Lixandrão, ME, Ugrinowitsch, C, Moreira, A, Tricoli, V, and Roschel, H. Session rating of perceived exertion as an efficient tool for individualized resistance training progression. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 971–976, 2022—The present study aimed to investigate the effects of an individualized resistance training (RT) progression model based on the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on gains in muscle mass and strength when compared with a conventional predetermined progression method (PP). Twenty previously trained young male subjects were randomly allocated to 1 of the 2 groups: RPE (n = 10) or PP (n = 10). Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximum dynamic strength were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks. The RPE-based progression model resulted in a lower number of high-intensity sessions compared with the PP-based model. Despite this, both groups showed significant and similar increases in CSA (p < 0.0001; RPE = 6.55 ± 5.27% and PP = 9.65 ± 3.63%) and strength (p < 0.0001; RPE = 9.68 ± 4.57% and PP = 9.28 ± 4.01%) after the intervention period. No significant between-group difference was observed for total training volume (RPE = 45,366.00 ± 10,190.00 kg and PP = 47,779.00 ± 5,685.00 kg; p = 0.52). Our results showed that an RT progression model based on session-to-session physiological response assessments resulted in fewer high-intensity training sessions while allowing for similar gains in muscle strength and mass. Thus, trainees are encouraged to adopt session RPE as a potential tool to control workload progression throughout a training period and allowing the optimization of training stimulus on an individual basis.
Effects of 4, 8, and 12 Repetition Maximum Resistance Training Protocols on Muscle Volume and Strength
Authors: Kubo Keitaro , Ikebukuro Toshihiro , Yata Hideaki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Kubo, K, Ikebukuro, T, and Yata, H. Effects of 4, 8, and 12 repetition maximum resistance training protocols on muscle volume and strength. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 879–885, 2021—The purpose of this study was to determine skeletal muscle adaptations (strength and hypertrophy) in response to volume-equated resistance training with divergent repetition strategies. Forty-two men were randomly assigned to 4 groups: higher load–lower repetition group performing 4 repetition maximum (RM) for 7 sets (4RM, n = 10), intermediate load–intermediate repetition group performing 8RM for 4 sets (8RM, n = 12), lower load–higher repetition group performing 12RM for 3 sets (12RM, n = 10), and nonexercising control group (CON, n = 10). The volume of the pectoralis major muscle (by magnetic resonance imaging) and 1RM of the bench press were measured before and after 10 weeks of training (2 times per week). No significant difference was observed in the relative increase in the muscle volume among the 4RM, 8RM, and 12RM groups. The relative increase in 1RM was significantly lower in the 12RM group than in the 4RM group (p = 0.029) and the 8RM group (p = 0.021). The relative increase in 1RM was significantly correlated with that in the muscle volume in the 12RM group (r = 0.684, p = 0.042), but not in the 4RM (r = −0.265, p = 0.777) or 8RM (r = −0.045, p = 0.889) groups. These results suggest that the increase in muscle size is similar among the 3 training protocols when the training volume was equated, whereas the increase in muscle strength is lower with the 12RM protocol than the other protocols.
Strength and Electromyographic Responses of Upper and Lower Limbs During Maximal Intermittent Contractions in Males and Females
Authors: Carr Joshua C. , Ye Xin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Carr, JC and Ye, X. Strength and electromyographic responses of upper and lower limbs during maximal intermittent contractions in males and females. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2403–2409, 2022—This study examined the strength and electromyographic (EMG) responses of upper vs. lower limb muscles during intermittent maximal contractions in both sexes. Twenty subjects (n = 7 women) performed a fatiguing protocol (6, 30-second intermittent maximal isometric contractions with a 50% duty cycle) with either the elbow flexors or the knee extensors on separate visits. Bipolar surface EMG signals were detected from the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis muscles (n = 5 women retained). Women maintained more of their maximal force than men (Δforce: men vs. women = −55.0 ± 12.8% vs. −43.3 ± 9.9%, p = 0.042). Although force loss was similar between the elbow flexors and knee extensors, the EMG responses showed greater reductions for the biceps brachii than those for the vastus lateralis (Δamplitude: biceps brachii vs. vastus lateralis: −32.0 ± 22.3% vs. −18.9 ± 28.9%; Δmedian frequency: biceps brachii vs. vastus lateralis: −31.1 ± 14.5% vs. −10.3 ± 17.0%). During a series of maximal intermittent isometric contractions with 30 seconds of recovery between work bouts, women are more fatigue resistant than men. In addition, the greater electrophysiological fatigue exhibited by the biceps brachii than that by the vastus lateralis suggests that high-intensity contractions involving elbow flexion will have a greater rate of fatigue progression than those involving knee extension.
Warm-ups for Youth Athletes: Making the First 15-Minutes Count
Authors: Myburgh Gillian K. , Pfeifer Craig E. , Hecht Christopher J. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Warm-up procedures have been found to have a significant influence on fitness performance in youth athletes. As such, warming up before exercise and competition is encouraged and is a widely accepted practice with children and adolescents. Differences in structure, type, duration, intensity, and content of warm-up protocols have led to considerable variation in warm-up procedures. As a result, there is a lack of consensus on the ideal method for preparing youth athletes for exercise and sport. This article, therefore, aims to review current warm-up classifications and considerations of youth athletes, while providing a template of appropriate exercises that can be used safely and effectively in individuals of varying capabilities.
Investigation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Al6061–TiB2 Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Veeresh Kumar G. B. , Gopinath Reddy D. , Vineeth Reddy C. , Sriteja Ch , Pramod R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aluminum alloys are commonly used in transportation, manufacturing, and related production fields for commercial applications because they possess high stiffness, strength-to-weight ratio, design flexibility, corrosion, and crack resistance. For this study, an attempt has been made to fabricate and improve the mechanical and sliding wear behavior of in situ–produced aluminum metal matrix composites (MMCs) with the titanium diboride (TiB2) particulate reinforcements by varying weight percentage from zero to six. The addition of TiB2 ceramic particle reinforcements to Al6061 matrix leads to an increase in material density and also results in a significant increase in modulus of the composite and specific strength as they have hardness of 86 HRA and high elastic modulus of 560 GPa. The Brinell hardness values of the composites along with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) values were witnessed to increase with higher content of ceramic TiB2 because of uniform particle distribution and smaller size of filler at the lower elongation percentage. The microscopic investigations indicated that the change in hardness and UTS with increase in grain boundaries was due to fine interfacial bonding and coarse grain structure. Superior performance in properties was found at 6 wt. % of TiB2. The sliding wear tests were carried out at fixed velocity and at different loads. The wear test results of composites with TiB2 filler showed higher wear resistance because of effective load transfers at matrix ceramic particle interface.
“I do not want her, I am sure”
Authors: Urakova Alexandra 
Published: April 2020

Alexandra Urakova,“‘I do not want her, I am sure’: Commodities, Gifts, and Poisonous Gifts in Uncle Tom’s Cabin” (pp. 448–472)
This essay focuses on Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) in discussing the interrelation of sentimentality, slavery, and race. It asks what happens when a slave himself or herself becomes a gift in the way that Mr. Shelby buys Eliza as a present for his wife, and St. Claire seems to bestow Uncle Tom upon Eva and ultimately gives Topsy to his cousin Ophelia. Although much has been said about “sentimental property” or “sympathetic ownership” in Stowe, the instances of exchanging slaves as gifts in the novel have been surprisingly overlooked. Touching upon one of the novel’s important and precarious themes—the distinction between people and things—the aforementioned episodes not only contribute to our understanding of the novel’s gift economy but also invite us to revise the complex attitude to racial otherness in Uncle Tom’s Cabin. I claim that while pursuing a sentimental ideology of the gift that comes to support racialist implications of its abolitionist rhetoric, Stowe’s novel also contains a radical potential of its critique embodied in the image of the poisonous gift of a slave child, Topsy, who figures as an unwelcome, wasteful, and repellent present. Concurring with critical opinion that Stowe’s racism is in the sentiment, this essay suggests that the novel’s unsentimental, explicitly racist metaphors paradoxically inform one of Stowe’s strongest antislavery arguments.
Emperical Study about Fears and Misconceptions of Aids and Hepatitis among Medical Students
Authors: Ghafoor Ammarah , Khan Adeel Ahmad 
Published: April 2020

Background: A number of evaluations regarding awareness among people about modes of transmission, sources of transmission and vaccination against HBV, HCV and HIV have been carried out but very few of them have specifically focused medical students. This study reflects the degree of awareness of 3rd year MBBS students on these issues and their vaccination status. It also depicts whether medical students are afraid of examining patients afflicted with these diseases or not.
Objectives: To determine the knowledge of medical students about various aspects of HBV, HCV and HIV.
Methodology: This is an observational cross-sectional study with prospective data, done through a questionnaire survey on 130 3rd year M.B.B.S students.
Results: Knowledge of students about modes of transmission of HBV, HCV and HIV: 28.4% complete/70.7% incomplete/ 0.007% no knowledge

Fear among students for examination of patients with HBV, HIV and HCV: 40% afraid/60% not afraid
Knowledge of students about availability of vaccination against HBV, HCV and HIV: HBV : 7% HCV: 42.3% HIV: 16.9%
Vaccination status of students against HBV: 81.5% vaccinated/19.5% not vaccinated

Conclusion: The percentage of students having complete knowledge about these diseases is lower than that is expected.
CT scan Positive Finding Pattern of Head Injury at the University of Gondar Hospital; North West Ethiopia
Authors: Desita Zerubabel Tegegne , Mulugeta Wossen 
Published: April 2020

Background: Head injuries rank high among morbidities due to trauma. Computerized tomography is an important modality in the investigation of these cases. However, there is no literature on the importance of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of head injury in Ethiopia. This study therefore is aimed to document the computerized tomographic features of patients with head injury managed at the University of Gondar Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study involving 96 patients with head injury who had CT scan of the head in the UOG hospital over a 12-month period. Results: Most of the patients were male (74%). Majority (58%) were in the age range of 20 to 40 years with a mean age of 31yrs. The most common abnormal findings were skull fracture (52%) and intracerebral hemorrhage and contusions (51%). It is followed by subdural hemorrhage (33%) soft tissue swelling 32% and epidural hemorrhage 10%. Conclusion: Skull fracture and intra cerebral hemorrhage were the most common abnormal findings. This study has demonstrated the importance of CT scan in the evaluation of head injury by giving visibility of intracranial post traumatic injuries in a high proportion of patients which would be difficult to reach in to diagnosis clinically or using skull radiography alone. This obviously will have a significant role in improving patient management. Taking this in to account expansion of CT scan service for moderate to severe head injury patients is recommended in Ethiopia.
Assessment of Patient Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment in Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Ethiopia
Authors: Kahissay Mesfin Haile 
Published: April 2020

Background: Poor adherence to treatment of tuberculosis is common despite various interventions aimed at improving treatment completion. Lack of a comprehensive and holistic understanding of barriers to and facilitators of, treatment adherence is currently a major obstacle to find effective solutions.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess patient adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment on DOTS regimen and factors that affect adherence.
Methods: In this study both quantitative methods was used. For the quantitative method the records of a cohort of patients were followed retrospectively to see the treatment outcome; patient registration book from January 2007 to June 2010 was reviewed.
Result: out of 1050 patients enrolled in the study 207(21.6%) of patients were non adherent and 188(90.82%) of the non-adherent patients were in the continuation phase of treatment. Patients outside 10km radius were 3.423 times non adherent than TB patients living in Dessie town and within 10km radius.
Conclusion: Patients’ decisions to stop taking medication were influenced by a number of interacting factors. Adherence to the long course of tuberculosis treatment is a complex, dynamic phenomenon with a wide range of interacting factors impacting on treatment taking behavior. The findings of this study could help inform the development of patient centered interventions and of interventions to address structural barriers to treatment adherence. It has been seen also that the non-adherence rate of this study setting is high, and the main determinant factors of treatment non adherence are address and HIV status of the patient.
The excess of Kahoot for pre-service teacher as an evaluation tool
Authors: Angkotasan Nurma , Tonra Wilda Syam , Taib Suryani 
Published: April 2020

Technology-based instrument is one of the main factors in improving the quality of learning in the classroom. The purpose of the study was to see pre-service teacher' response using Kahoot as evaluation tool. This study was carried out on third year students in UniversitasKhairun. The study employed a questionnaire that consists of 15 items about the excess of Kahoot. A total of 23 subjects participated in this study. The students highly perceived Kahoot as a game that can increase self-confidence, a fun game, interesting game, and the most useful tools to be used later when the students become teacher
How to Make Use of Animation to Improve Primary School Students' English Achievement?
Authors: Nurdyansyah Nurdyansyah , Mandarani Vidya , Rais Pandi 
Published: April 2020

One of the innovations in English Language Teaching is the use of moving images. This research aims to investigate how animation contribute to the students' achievement in their English class. A classroom action research was applied with 39 first grade students involved. Observation sheet, test and documentations were used to collect the data. Three components (reduction activity, data presentation and interpretation) were used to analyse the collected data. The results indicate that the use of animation can significantly enhance lower class of primary school students’ achievements in learning English. This can be measured through their average score improvement. This result suggests teachers use moving images in order to assist students’ progress in learning English. This study implies that teachers should equip themselves with a skill to create fun classroom activities through animation.
HIGHIGHTS:

The application of moving picture media in classroom activities can significantly improve students’ competence and achievement in learning English for first grade of second semester in Primary School.
Teachers' digital literacy need to be heightened through their active contribution in workshop or other teacher professional development activities. This helps them to build their creativity to make more modification and development of animation.
Investigating EFL Teachers’ Barriers of Using Internet Application at University Level
Authors: Dewi Dian Novita , Irmawati Dini Kurnia , Asri Tri Mega 
Published: April 2020

This study examines perceived barriers of using internet application in higher education level. Quantitative data were collected by using questionnaires. A total of 16 participants assigned to teach English were randomly selected from 3 faculties using both simple random and purposive sampling procedures. Data were analyzed both descriptively and statistically and were presented in tables and percentages. Microsoft excel was used in the descriptive statistics The study found several barriers of using internet application for teaching and learning which include: lack of personal’s ICT competency, lack of consistent technical support, lack of training on how to use internet application for teaching and learning, and poor internet connectivity. This study recommends to the management of the institution to facilitate and support the teachers actively with many training activities to improve the academic performance of the teachers so that can fulfill the millennial students’ learning needs.
HIGHLIGHTS:

English teachers have strong intention for the integration of ICT into classroom context, but they encountered many barriers to implement it.
The major barriers faced in this study were lack of facilities or infrastructure, training, and time constraint.
The presence of ICT competency increases technology integration in learning and teaching process.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Mobile-Application Technology: A Project-Based Learning
Authors: Sariani Sariani , Yaningsih Yaningsih , El Khairat Mutia 
Published: April 2020

In the development of technology and its advances in this industrial revolution 4.0 era, the graduates of vocational higher education institution are required to have a ready to use skill as demanded by the job market. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing mobile applications regarding vocabulary acquisition which occurred within a learning process. It was a project-based learning (PBL) performed during the supervision time of the student’ final project applying dictionary applications; The Free Dictionary and Dictionary.com. A mixed method approach was implemented where the data for the quantitative study was collected from the comparison of Vocabulary Size Test (VST) Monolingual-Version A which were carried out prior to and after the PBL. Moreover, the qualitative data was obtained from semi close-ended questionnaire, and open-structured interview. The result shows the superiority of using the mobile apps through this project-based process and at the same time the apps provide contextualized problem-solving environment to their users.
HIGHLIGHTS:

Even though written reference sources still have a place for students, it cannot be denied that online reference sources have many advantages in the current process of English teaching and learning.
Through the project-based learning, mobile application technology can facilitate the students in the language learning process effectively and efficiently, and empower themselves to get maximum results, which is ultimately improve the output of educational institutions in the future.
Incorporating Hijaiyah Sounds in English Pronunciation Class: Students’ Perception
Authors: Gusdian Rosalin Ismayoeng , Lestiono Riski 
Published: April 2020

Indonesian students still find it perplexing to acquire English pronunciation as both Bahasa as their mother tongue and English do not share equivalent phonological and phonetic systems. Meanwhile, Arabic (in this case is their Hijaiyah sounds) is proven to share some phonological resemblance to some English sounds. Therefore, it is the aim of the study to investigate the student perception of the implementation of Hjaiyah sounds in their English pronunciation class. The study employed a descriptive research design as the approach. The participants of the study were 36 students of the English Study Program in the academic year of 2019/2020. These participants were third-semester students undertaking their Intermediate Speaking class. Questionnaire and interview guide were utilized as data instruments. In collecting the data, some procedures including distributing the questionnaire and conducting the interview were carried out. In data analysis, the data from the survey were transformed into a percentage to obtain a more general image of the data description. The data from the interview were also transcribed. Finally, the findings were examined and discussed using both narrative and numerical description. As a result, this study has confirmed that the implementation of Hijaiyah sounds in teaching English pronunciation is perceived positively by the students.
HIGHLIGHTS:

Indonesian students still find it perplexing to acquire English pronunciation as both Bahasa as their mother tongue and English do not share equivalent phonological and phonetic systems.
Arabic (in this case is students' Hijaiyah sounds) is proven to share some phonological resemblance to some English sounds.