bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staying alive on an active volcano: 80 years population dynamics of Cytisus aeolicus (Fabaceae) from Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy)
Authors: Zaia R. , Pasta S. , Di Rita F. , Laudicina V. A. , Cascio P. Lo , Magri D. , Troia A. , Guarino R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCytisus aeolicusis a narrow endemic species restricted to the Aeolian archipelago (SE Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) and it is one of the most evolutionarily isolated plants in the Mediterranean flora. Historical and literature data suggest that both metapopulations and isolated individuals ofC. aeolicusare gradually shrinking. Field investigations and drone images demonstrate that theC. aeolicusmetapopulation from Stromboli experienced a strikingly fast increase during the last decades. As of 2019, more than 7000 ± 3000 mature individuals occur on Stromboli, i.e. 14 to 20 times more than those counted during the last census, 25 years ago. The diachronic analysis of aerial photos concerning last 80 years and the analysis of the growth rings of some selected plants pointed out that the surface occupied, the demographic structure and the distribution pattern of the subpopulations of Stromboli has been highly fluctuating during last decades. Moreover, data issuing from field observations in permanent plots placed in a transect between two isolated mature individuals showed that, under natural conditions, the germination rate of the seedlings ofC. aeolicuscan be very high and their establishment rate may exceed 40%. By contrast, seedlings mortality is subject to strong annual fluctuations. Additionally, the pollen morphology of the Strombolian metapopulation of this rare and isolated species is studied here for the first time. Contrary to what is stated in recent literature, theC. aeolicusmetapopulation from Stromboli is healthy and very dynamic, albeit frequently damaged by the volcanic activity. Regular and repeated field surveys carried out during 3 years (2017–2019) allowed improving our knowledge on the life cycle ofC. aeolicusand a new extinction risk assessment of the species, according to IUCN criteria, is presented.
Antiproliferation effect of sulforaphene isolated from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds on A549 cells
Authors: Lim Sooyeon , Ahn Jin-Chul , Lee Eun Jin , Kim Jongkee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSulforaphene (SFE), a major isothiocyanate in radish seeds, is a close chemical relative of sulforaphane (SFA) isolated from broccoli seeds and florets. The anti-proliferative mechanisms of SFA against cancer cells have been well investigated, but little is known about the potential anti-proliferative effects of SFE. In this study, we showed that SFE purified from radish seeds inhibited the growth of six cancer cell lines (A549, CHO, HeLa, Hepa1c1c7, HT-29, and LnCaP), with relative half maximal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.37 to 3.31 μg/mL. Among the six cancer cell lines, SFE showed the greatest growth inhibition against A549 lung cancer cells, where it induced apoptosis by changing the levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-3, -8, and -9. Our results indicate that SFE from radish seeds may have significant anti-proliferative potency against a broad range of human cancer cells via induction of apoptosis.
To SPB or not to SPB? A mixed methods analysis of self-protective behaviours to prevent repeat victimisation from cyber abuse
Authors: Vakhitova Zarina I. , Mawby Rob I. , Alston-Knox Clair L. , Stephens Callum A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the findings from a mixed-methods examination of self-protective behaviours (SPBs) adopted by victims of cyber abuse from the rational choice perspective. The data from a sample of the U.S. adults ($$N = 746$$N=746), members of an online opt-in panel, were analysed to first distinguish the types of SPBs adopted by victims of cyber abuse using a thematic analysis of open-ended responses. We then identified the factors associated with an increased likelihood of adopting SPBs and the specific identified types of SPBs using logistic regression with Bayesian variable selection and a stochastic search algorithm. Of the six identified types of SPBs, adjusting privacy settings was the most commonly reported response, and improving security (e.g. changing passwords, etc.) was the least common SPB. Older victims who reported higher than the average perceived impact from victimisation, were abused by a stranger and experienced either surveillance of their online activities or multiple types of abuse, were significantly more likely to adopt an SPB. Our findings inform strategies for both Internet user education and for preventing cyber abuse victimisation.
National survey of home injuries during the time of COVID-19: who is at risk?
Authors: Gielen Andrea C. , Bachman Grace , Badaki-Makun Oluwakemi , Johnson Renee M. , McDonald Eileen , Omaki Elise , Pollack Porter Keshia M. , Ryan Leticia , Shields Wendy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 44% of all reported injuries in U.S. households occurred in the home. Spending more time at home due to the pandemic may increase the number of home injuries.

Methods
A nationally representative sample of 2011 U.S. adults were surveyed online between June 17 – June 29, 2020. Propensity score weighting and T-tests were used.

Results
Twenty-eight percent (28%) of households reported a home injury or ingestion during the pandemic; 13% reported experiencing both. Injuries were most often due to falls (32%). Medication ingestions were reported by 6%; household product ingestions were reported by 4%. Relative to households that experienced no injuries or ingestions, those that reported either or both were more likely to: be in urban areas, have household incomes > $100,000, and have children living in them. Among households reporting more time spent at home, those with children were significantly more likely than those without to report an injury or ingestion.

Conclusions
Results help target prevention messages while U.S. families are continuing to work and learn remotely. During this pandemic and future stay-at-home orders, there is a need for public health efforts to prevent home injuries and ingestions.
LncRNA NCK1-AS1 in plasma distinguishes oral ulcer from early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Le Fei , Ou Yangqian , Luo Ping , Zhong Xiaoming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at early stages can be misdiagnosed as an oral ulcer (OU) due to similar symptoms, such as chronic and indurated ulcer. LncRNA NCK1-AS1 has been characterized as a key player in cervical cancer, while its role in OSCC is unknown.

Methods
All participants were selected at Jiangxi Province Tumor Hospital from December 2016 to December 2018. Expression levels of NCK1-AS1 and miR-100 in plasma from both OSCC and OU patients were measured by RT-qPCR. Diagnostic analysis was performed through ROC curve. Potential interactions between NCK1-AS1 and miR-100 were detected by cell transfection experiments. Cell invasion and migration were assessed by Transwell assays.

Results
The expression of NCK1-AS1 was upregulated in early-stage OSCC patients but not in OU patients. Upregulation of NCK1-AS1 distinguished OSCC patients from OU patients. The expression of miR-100 was inversely correlated with the expression of NCK1-AS1. Overexpression of NCK1-AS1 was followed by promoted OSCC cell invasion and migration. Overexpression of miR-100 did not affect the expression of NCK1-AS1 but inhibited the role of NCK1-AS1.

Conclusions
Therefore, NCK1-AS1 may promote the metastasis of OSCC by downregulating miR-100.
Effects of different plasma expanders on rats subjected to severe acute normovolemic hemodilution
Authors: You Guo-Xing , Li Bing-Ting , Wang Zhen , Wang Quan , Wang Ying , Zhao Jing-Xiang , Zhao Lian , Zhou Hong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPlasma expanders are widely used for acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH). However, existing studies have not focused on large-volume infusion with colloidal plasma expanders, and there is a lack of studies that compare the effects of different plasma expanders.MethodsThe viscosity, hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of plasma expanders were determined by a cone-plate viscometer, Zetasizer and cut-off membrane, respectively. Sixty male rats were randomized into five groups with Gelofusine (Gel), Hydroxyethyl Starch 200/0.5 (HES200), Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 (HES130), Hydroxyethyl Starch 40 (HES40), and Dextran40 (Dex40), with 12 rats used in each group to build the ANH model. ANH was performed by the withdrawal of blood and simultaneous infusion of plasma expanders. Acid-base, lactate, blood gas and physiological parameters were detected.ResultsGel had a lower intrinsic viscosity than HES200 and HES130 (P < 0.01), but at a low shear rate in a mixture of colloids, red cells and plasma, Gel had a higher viscosity (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01, respectively). For hydroxyethyl starch plasma expanders, the COP at a certain concentration decreases from 11.1 mmHg to 6.1 mmHg with the increase of Rhfrom 10.7 nm to 20.2 nm. A severe ANH model, with the hematocrit of 40% of the baseline level, was established and accompanied by disturbances in acid-base, lactate and blood gas parameters. At the end of ANH and 60 min afterward, the Dex40 group showed a worse outcome in maintaining the acid-base balance and systemic oxygenation compared to the other groups. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased significantly in all groups at the end of ANH. The DBP and MAP in the Dex40 group further decreased 60 min after the end of ANH. During the process of ANH, the Dex40 group showed a drop and recovery in SBP, DBP and MAP. The DBP and MAP in the HES200 group were significantly higher than those in the other groups at some time points (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01).ConclusionGel had a low intrinsic viscosity but may increase the whole blood viscosity at low shear rates. Rhand COP showed a strong correlation among hydroxyethyl starch plasma expanders. Dex40 showed a worse outcome in maintaining the acid-base balance and systemic oxygenation compared to the other plasma expanders. During the process of ANH, Dex40 displayed a V-shaped recovery pattern for blood pressure, and HES200 had the advantage in sustaining the DBP and MAP at some time points.
Use of 55 PET radiotracers under approval of a Radioactive Drug Research Committee (RDRC)
Authors: Jackson Isaac M. , Lee So Jeong , Sowa Alexandra R. , Rodnick Melissa E. , Bruton Laura , Clark Mara , Preshlock Sean , Rothley Jill , Rogers Virginia E. , Botti Leslie E. , Henderson Bradford D. , Hockley Brian G. , Torres Jovany , Raffel David M. , Brooks Allen F. , Frey Kirk A. , Kilbourn Michael R. , Koeppe Robert A. , Shao Xia , Scott Peter J. H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
In the US, EU and elsewhere, basic clinical research studies with positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers that are generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE) can often be conducted under institutional approval. For example, in the United States, such research is conducted under the oversight of a Radioactive Drug Research Committee (RDRC) as long as certain requirements are met. Firstly, the research must be for basic science and cannot be intended for immediate therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, or to determine the safety and effectiveness of the PET radiotracer. Secondly, the PET radiotracer must be generally recognized as safe and effective. Specifically, the mass dose to be administered must not cause any clinically detectable pharmacological effect in humans, and the radiation dose to be administered must be the smallest dose practical to perform the study and not exceed regulatory dose limits within a 1-year period. In our experience, the main barrier to using a PET radiotracer under RDRC approval is accessing the required information about mass and radioactive dosing.

Results
The University of Michigan (UM) has a long history of using PET radiotracers in clinical research studies. Herein we provide dosing information for 55 radiotracers that will enable other PET Centers to use them under the approval of their own RDRC committees.

Conclusions
The data provided herein will streamline future RDRC approval, and facilitate further basic science investigation of 55 PET radiotracers that target functionally relevant biomarkers in high impact disease states.
Does the “surprisingly popular” method yield accurate crowdsourced predictions?
Authors: Rutchick Abraham M. , Ross Bryan J. , Calvillo Dustin P. , Mesick Catherine C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe “surprisingly popular” method (SP) of aggregating individual judgments has shown promise in overcoming a weakness of other crowdsourcing methods—situations in which the majority is incorrect. This method relies on participants’ estimates of other participants’ judgments; when an option is chosen more often than the average metacognitive judgments of that option, it is “surprisingly popular” and is selected by the method. Although SP has been shown to improve group decision making about factual propositions (e.g., state capitals), its application to future outcomes has been limited. In three preregistered studies, we compared SP to other methods of aggregating individual predictions about future events. Study 1 examined predictions of football games, Study 2 examined predictions of the 2018 US midterm elections, and Study 3 examined predictions of basketball games. When applied to judgments made by objectively assessed experts, SP performed slightly better than other aggregation methods. Although there is still more to learn about the conditions under which SP is effective, it shows promise as a means of crowdsourcing predictions of future outcomes.
Substance use during pregnancy: impact on Colorado community hospital
Authors: Heintzelman Jacinda , Persons Lisa , Melnykov Igor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) leads to increased length of stay (LOS), which leads to increased healthcare costs, and can cause financial burdens for hospitals. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of substance use by pregnant women on a Colorado (CO) community hospital after state legalization of recreational cannabis.MethodsData were gathered retrospectively through the electronic health record at an inpatient facility and described 607 mothers and 419 newborns (totalN = 1026) who tested positive for drugs (urinalysis or blood for mother and urine, meconium, or cord blood for newborns). Screening for drugs was at discretion of healthcare provider if mother reported use or newborn showed symptoms of NAS. The patients who were not screened or tested negative were excluded from consideration. Newborns exposed to cannabis were compared to those exposed to other drugs (opioids, methadone, cocaine, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, amphetamines) on costs of newborn hospitalization, based on type of newborn bed and length of stay (LOS). Group comparisons were done using Cochran-Armitage chi-square tests and two-sample t-tests.ResultsThe proportion of screened patients testing positive for illicit and prescribed substances increased significantly from 2013 (33.4%) to 2017 (50.2%) (p < 0.001). The LOS of drug-exposed newborns increased significantly over the years (p < 0.0001). Newborns testing positive for cannabis were more likely to remain in a normal newborn nursery (NSY) bed (69.8%) than those testing positive for other drugs (27.7%), with an average hospital LOS (4.6 days) significantly shorter (p < 0.001) than that of other-drug exposed newborns (14.2 days). Combined healthcare costs for other-drug exposed newborns ($23,495,221) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than for cannabis-exposed newborns ($2,885,139); both groups had significantly higher costs (p < 0.001) than normal healthy newborns ($2,166,649).ConclusionDrug-exposed newborns have a significant financial impact on hospital healthcare costs, largely due to more expensive bed placement and longer LOS.
Management of a huge right atrial thrombus in a patient with multiple comorbidities
Authors: Selwanos Peter Philip Shaker , Ahmed Ahmed Osman , El Bakry Karim Mohamed , Elsharkawy Ahmed Nazmy , Mohamed Omar Alaaeldin , Hosny Hatem , Samaan Amir Anwar Shaker 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundFloating right heart thrombi (RHT) represent an underdiagnosed, potentially hazardous, and to some extent rare phenomenon in patients presenting with acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Emergent treatment is usually required for such a condition.Case presentationA 19-year-old young lady presented with progressive shortness of breath, marked renal impairment, thrombocytopenia, and a highly oscillating huge right atrial mass. After she was admitted to the intensive care unit, she arrested in asystole and was resuscitated, and her electrocardiogram (ECG) showed evidence of acute anterior myocardial infarction. Urgent cardiac surgery to remove the right atrial mass was proposed by the heart team as the best option of management. Surgery was emergently performed with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) as a support. Following surgery, mechanical support and vasopressors were successfully weaned and the patient achieved a good recovery.ConclusionsA pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) approach should always be considered where a multidisciplinary team involving a cardiologist, radiologist, cardio-thoracic surgeon, radiologist, and intensivist shall determine the management strategy for a challenging presentation of a massive pulmonary embolism or floating right heart thrombi causing the hemodynamically unstable clinical condition.
Seismic geomorphology anomalies within a Pliocene deepwater channel complex in the Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand
Authors: Chenin Julian , Silver Clayton , Bedle Heather 
Published: November 2020

The Taranaki Basin, located offshore New Zealand, is a Cretaceous rift basin that has well defined yet complex Miocene deepwater sedimentary systems. We analyze a pronounced anomalous seismic response in a Late Miocene to Early Pliocene deepwater channel within the 2005 Hector 3D survey located in the southern Taranaki Basin. Several seismic attributes were calculated to interpret the extent of these anomalous features. Analogues within both the Iron River reservoir in Albania, Canada and the East Breaks Basin Four, offshore Gulf of Mexico suggest that these anomalous seismic features are most likely channel-body basal scours. Another interpretation suggests that these scours were formed and later filled by mass transport deposits (MTDs) with sediment ponding as suggested from some studies within the Molasse Basin in southern Germany. Alternatively, these scours could also be interpreted as pockmarks resulting from channel abandonment and fluid escape due to compaction. Others describe this process within submarine canyon systems, offshore Equatorial Guinea. However, there is compelling evidence to suggest that these features are most likely channel-body basal scours rather than being related to MTDs or pockmarks. Within all of the interpretations, there is evidence of differential compaction, which is further supported by the reflectors displaying a slight doming immediately above where the scours are located. Geological feature: Seismic geomorphology anomalies within a Pliocene deepwater channel complex in the Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand Seismic appearance: Asymmetric bowl-shaped geometry with high-amplitude reflectors that are incised into underlying sediment Alternative interpretations: Pockmarks resulting from channel abandonment and fluid escape due to compaction Features with similar appearance: Channel scours or pockmarks Formation: Mount Messenger Formation, Taranaki Basin Age: Late Miocene to Early Pliocene Location: Southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand Available data: Hector 3D data set, Kiwa-1, and Hector-1 wells Analysis tools: 3D seismic data, well logs, and seismic attributes
Temporality and the Unconfident Heroine in Henry James's The Golden Bowl
Authors: Levin Janina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Readers traditionally associate heroism with risk and confidence in one's abilities. Yet within the realist tradition, Henry James creates a portrait of an unconfident heroine. The Golden Bowl's Maggie Verver demonstrates she has the ability to become an effective actor, and she can be read as a special case within the underdog character type. Despite being caught in a deception plot, she surprises readers with the pleasure of a “win” by developing a specific know-how that relies on reading temporal tensions. The article uses theoretical work on temporality by Paul Ricoeur, Jacques Lacan, and Alain Badiou to explore how Maggie's confidence and courage emerge from the depths of anxiety and how this process allows James to create a narrative in which the reader learns to gauge and appreciate human action in process.
Letters and the Contemporary Novel: Materiality and Metaphor in Ian McEwan's The Children Act
Authors: Wilkinson Kate 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Daily communication today is predominantly digital, but contemporary novels continue to be interested in paper letters. Why? What do letters, written on paper, offer to the novel in the twenty-first century? This essay explores the material letter's contemporary value as metaphor, reading as a case study Ian McEwan's The Children Act. McEwan's novel dramatizes a conflict between religion and the secular law, which is an example of the type of dispute that Jean-François Lyotard identifies in The Differend: a dispute that is unresolvable because the process for regulating it is unable to register the wrong that one side suffers. In their different modes, these two texts consider intractable conflict and the ethics of its regulation, the workings of which are analyzed here through the suggestive correspondences between the dynamics of Lyotard's differend and those of letters. These correspondences derive, this essay argues, from the letter's material properties, which underlie its ability to function as metaphor. The letter's temporal structure of delay and the silences and instability that delay produces, in particular, have productive affinities with the workings of the differend. These correspondences help to delineate the conflicts of The Children Act and to reveal the value of the letter as metaphor more generally. This case study presents an example of the letter as a metaphorical resource, whose possibilities are distinct from those of digital communications and whose flexibility and nuance help to account for contemporary novels' continued interest in the letter.
Precisely Controlled Reproducible Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles inside Metal-Organic Frameworks with H2 Gas as Reductant: Effects of Framework Crystallinity and H2 Gas Pressure
Authors: Takashima Yohei , Sato Yasushi , Kubo Neo , Tsuruoka Takaaki , Akamatsu Kensuke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Herein, we succeeded in reproducibly synthesizing palladium nanoparticles with narrow size distribution inside metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by using pressured H2 gas as a reductant. In addition, by controlling the crystallinity of the MOFs, the particle size could be precisely controlled.