bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hittite periphrastic perfect
Authors: Inglese Guglielmo , Luraghi Silvia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In Hittite, the meaning associated with the Proto-Indo-European perfect, i.e. to indicate a state
resulting from a change-of-state event, was covered by compound verb forms consisting of the -ant- participle
plus the finite forms of the verbs ḫar(k)- “have” and eš- “be”. The origin and the function
of this construction have been a matter of debate. In this chapter, we review the standard description of the Hittite
periphrastic perfect, and reassess its status and function based on an analysis of its occurrences in texts ranging from Old
to New Hittite. We argue that periphrastic forms involving ḫar(k)-/eš- and the participle
instantiate three different constructions: the stative construction and two distinct auxiliary verb constructions, i.e. the
passive and the perfect. We also suggest that the stative construction was probably the most ancient, and that the perfect
construction, which functions as an anterior, constitutes a later development.
The thought processes of criminals
Authors: Dilmon Rakefet 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study examines what may be learned from a semantic analysis of the discourse of criminal groups about elements of the cognitive map of the group’s members. The primary group examined comprised sex offenders who victimized children. The findings were compared with another criminal group – murderers. To examine their shared linguistic characteristics, a study was made of passages from 40 transcribed subject interviews, in which they tell their life stories. The function words from the passages were classified according to semantic fields, in order to identify what psychological and sociological insights can be gained from their use, a similar study was made of normative men’s stories. The semantic fields unique to the sex offenders are presented in this paper, and are compared with the fields used by the other two groups, together with a discussion of the significance of the words included therein.
Geographic variation in the duets of the Rufous-naped Wren (Campylorhynchus rufinucha) complex
Authors: Ku-Peralta Wiliam , Navarro-Sigüenza Adolfo G , Sandoval Luis , Sosa-López J Roberto 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcoustic signals used in animal communication play a key role in mate attraction, species recognition, and territory defense. Variation in acoustic signals may reflect population structure, lack of gene flow, and phylogenetic relationships. In birds, the study of geographic variation in acoustic signals has been useful for elucidating potential factors involved in phenotypic divergence and for establishing species limits. However, most of the studies on geographic variation have focused on calls and solo songs, with few studies focusing on complex behaviors such as duets. In this study, we investigated the variation in the duets of the Rufous-naped Wren (Campylorhynchus rufinucha). Our results suggest that duets vary across the distribution range of the species complex, matching the 3 taxonomic groups previously suggested (rufinucha, humilis, and capistratus). We also found a marked song sexual dimorphism in 2 groups, rufinucha and humilis, that is lacking in capistratus. At the local level, we found that duets also vary among sites within groups, but less than between groups. Our results suggest that groups rufinucha and humilis sing the most similar duets, whereas capistratus performs the most divergent duets of the 3 groups. Further, when comparing duet variation across geography, we found that birds living closer to each other sing more similar duets. We suggest that the existence of 3 vocal lineages is probably the result of historical geographic isolation followed by other selective (i.e. sexual selection, social selection, habitat structure) and/or non-selective factors (i.e. drift, isolation by distance), and that variation found within groups may be the result of cultural drift or social selection.
CHTKC: a robust and efficient k-mer counting algorithm based on a lock-free chaining hash table
Authors: Wang Jianan , Chen Su , Dong Lili , Wang Guohua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Motivation: Calculating the frequency of occurrence of each substring of length k in DNA sequences is a common task in many bioinformatics applications, including genome assembly, error correction, and sequence alignment. Although the problem is simple, efficient counting of datasets with high sequencing depth or large genome size is a challenge. Results: We propose a robust and efficient method, CHTKC, to solve the k-mer counting problem with a lock-free hash table that uses linked lists to resolve collisions. We also design new mechanisms to optimize memory usage and handle situations where memory is not enough to accommodate all k-mers. CHTKC has been thoroughly tested on seven datasets under multiple memory usage scenarios and compared with Jellyfish2 and KMC3. Our work shows that using a hash-table-based method to effectively solve the k-mer counting problem remains a feasible solution.
Connections and Feedback: Aquatic, Plant, and Soil Microbiomes in Heterogeneous and Changing Environments
Authors: Dodds Walter K , Zeglin Lydia H , Ramos Robert J , Platt Thomas G , Pandey Aakash , Michaels Theo , Masigol Mohammadali , Klompen Anna M L , Kelly Michelle C , Jumpponen Ari , Hauser Emma , Hansen Paige M , Greer Mitchell J , Fattahi Niloufar , Delavaux Camille S , Connell R Kent , Billings Sharon , Bever James D , Barua Niloy , Agusto Folashade B 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlant, soil, and aquatic microbiomes interact, but scientists often study them independently. Integrating knowledge across these traditionally separate subdisciplines will generate better understanding of microbial ecological properties. Interactions among plant, soil, and aquatic microbiomes, as well as anthropogenic factors, influence important ecosystem processes, including greenhouse gas fluxes, crop production, nonnative species control, and nutrient flux from terrestrial to aquatic habitats. Terrestrial microbiomes influence nutrient retention and particle movement, thereby influencing the composition and functioning of aquatic microbiomes, which, themselves, govern water quality, and the potential for harmful algal blooms. Understanding how microbiomes drive links among terrestrial (plant and soil) and aquatic habitats will inform management decisions influencing ecosystem services. In the present article, we synthesize knowledge of microbiomes from traditionally disparate fields and how they mediate connections across physically separated systems. We identify knowledge gaps currently limiting our abilities to actualize microbiome management approaches for addressing environmental problems and optimize ecosystem services.
Commanding The ‘Art of Killing’: how Virtuosic Performances of Street Culture Disrupt Gang Rules
Authors: Dziewanski Dariusz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStreet cultural scholarship draws heavily on Bourdieusian social theory to explain how criminal social practices are both generated by and generative of the conditions of marginality. This paper reasserts those aspects of street cultural analysis that break from the expectations of street habitus by showing how extreme violence and criminal cunning disrupts existing notions of street life. It is based on the life histories of two ‘street virtuosos’, who have successfully mastered the ‘art of killing’ to thrive in the street field of Cape Town’s townships. These street virtuosos demonstrate the transformative ‘practical dimension’ of Bourdieusian social theory, which still largely exists as a subplot throughout his writing and in the street cultural texts to which it has been applied.
Cortical Excitation:Inhibition Imbalance Causes Abnormal Brain Network Dynamics as Observed in Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Markicevic Marija , Fulcher Ben D , Lewis Christopher , Helmchen Fritjof , Rudin Markus , Zerbi Valerio , Wenderoth Nicole 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAbnormal brain development manifests itself at different spatial scales. However, whether abnormalities at the cellular level can be diagnosed from network activity measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is largely unknown, yet of high clinical relevance. Here a putative mechanism reported in neurodevelopmental disorders, that is, excitation-to-inhibition ratio (E:I), was chemogenetically increased within cortical microcircuits of the mouse brain and measured via fMRI. Increased E:I caused a significant “reduction” of long-range connectivity, irrespective of whether excitatory neurons were facilitated or inhibitory Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons were suppressed. Training a classifier on fMRI signals, we were able to accurately classify cortical areas exhibiting increased E:I. This classifier was validated in an independent cohort of Fmr1y/− knockout mice, a model for autism with well-documented loss of parvalbumin neurons and chronic alterations of E:I. Our findings demonstrate a promising novel approach towards inferring microcircuit abnormalities from macroscopic fMRI measurements.
Beyond Freezing: Temporal Expectancy of an Aversive Event Engages the Amygdalo–Prefronto–Dorsostriatal Network
Authors: Tallot Lucille , Graupner Michael , Diaz-Mataix Lorenzo , Doyère Valérie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
During Pavlovian aversive conditioning, a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) becomes predictive of the time of arrival of an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). Using a paradigm where animals had to discriminate between a CS+ (associated with a footshock) and a CS− (never associated with a footshock), we show that, early in training, dynamics of neuronal oscillations in an amygdalo–prefronto–striatal network are modified during the CS+ in a manner related to the CS–US time interval (30 or 10 s). This is the case despite a generalized high level of freezing to both CS+ and CS−. The local field potential oscillatory power was decreased between 12 and 30 Hz in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and increased between 55 and 95 Hz in the prelimbic cortex (PL), while the coherence between DMS, PL, and the basolateral amygdala was increased in the 3–6 Hz frequency range up to the expected time of US arrival only for the CS+ and not for the CS−. Changing the CS–US interval from 30 to 10 s shifted these changes in activity toward the newly learned duration. The results suggest a functional role of the amygdalo–prefronto–dorsostriatal network in encoding temporal information of Pavlovian associations independently of the behavioral output.
Acute kidney injury following prophylactic flucloxacillin and gentamicin in primary hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Graham Judi , Borthwick Emma , Hill Christopher , Blaney Janine , Gallagher Nicola , Armstrong Lynne , Beverland David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundFollowing concerns regarding the emergence of Clostridium difficile infection in 2010, we changed antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing primary hip and knee arthroplasty from cefuroxime to flucloxacillin and single-dose (SD) gentamicin. A subsequent perceived increase in the incidence of post-operative acute kidney injury (AKI) led us to evaluate the AKI incidence between different prophylactic antibiotic regimes used at our centre.MethodsWe examined the incidence of AKI as defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria in 1588 patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty from January 2010 to January 2015. Patients received the following prophylactic antibiotic regimes: 8 g flucloxacillin in four divided doses and SD gentamicin 1.5 mg/kg ideal body weight (IBW; maximum dose 120 mg; n = 400), 8 g flucloxacillin alone in four divided doses (n = 400), SD cefuroxime (n = 400), triple-dose (TD) cefuroxime (n = 188) and teicoplanin with SD gentamicin 1.5 mg/kg IBW (n = 200).ResultsThe incidence of AKI was as follows: flucloxacillin and gentamicin (13%); flucloxacillin alone (8.5%); SD cefuroxime (2%); TD cefuroxime (0.5%); and teicoplanin and gentamicin (3%). Of the six patients who developed Stage 3 AKI, all were in the flucloxacillin and gentamicin group. The odds ratio for the development of AKI derived from a binary logistic regression model was highest in the flucloxacillin and gentamicin group [7.79 (95% confidence interval 3.54–17.14), P &lt; 0.0001].ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the use of prophylactic high-dose flucloxacillin and gentamicin should be used with caution in patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty without a clear advantage in reducing surgical site infections given the association with increased rates of AKI.
Pixel Prediction-Based Image Steganography by Support Vector Neural Network
Authors: V K Reshma , R S Vinod Kumar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Securing the privacy of the medical information through the image steganography process has gained more research interest nowadays to protect the privacy of the patient. In the existing works, least significant bit (LSB) replacement strategy was most popularly used to hide the sensitive contents. Here, every pixel was replaced for achieving higher privacy, but it increased the complexity. This work introduces a novel pixel prediction scheme-based image steganography to overcome the complexity issues prevailing in the existing works. In the proposed pixel prediction scheme, the support vector neural network (SVNN) classifier is utilized for the construction of a prediction map, which identifies the suitable pixels for the embedding process. Then, in the embedding phase, wavelet coefficients are extracted from the medical image based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and embedding strength, and the secret message is embedded into the HL wavelet band. Finally, the secret message is extracted from the medical image on applying the DWT. The experimentation of the proposed pixel prediction scheme is done by utilizing the medical images from the BRATS database. The proposed pixel prediction scheme has achieved high performance with the values of 48.558 dB, 0.50009 and 0.9879 for the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and correlation factor, respectively.
Factors Related to Personal Resiliency in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Adolescents
Authors: Radovanović Vesna , Šestić Marina Radić , Kovačević Jasmina , Dimoski Sanja 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Hearing loss is a risk factor for a child’s appropriate psychosocial development but is not a risk factor for the development of resiliency. Thus, the aim of this research was to determine the level of resiliency, as well as its relation to internal and external factors, in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) adolescents. The sample included 55 DHH students, 12–14 years of age. Resiliency Scales for Children & Adolescents was used in this research. The obtained results showed that DHH students perceived their resiliency in the average range, except in subscales: Self-efficacy (within Sense of Mastery Scale), Social Support (within Sense of Relatedness Scale), Impairment (within Emotional Reactivity Scale) in which the results were within a higher range, and Recovery (within Emotional Reactivity Scale) in which the results were in a lower range.
Comparative analysis of the total and active bacterial communities in the surface sediment of Lake Taihu
Authors: Liu Tong-tong , Yang Hong 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Bacterial communities play crucial roles in the biogeochemical cycle of the surface sediments of freshwater lakes, but previous studies on bacterial community changes in this habitat have mostly been based on the total bacterial community (DNA level), while an exploration of the active microbiota at the RNA level has been lacking. Herein, we analysed the bacterial communities in the surface sediments of Lake Taihu at the DNA and RNA levels. Using MiSeq sequencing and real-time quantification, we found that the sequencing and quantitative results obtained at the RNA level compared with the DNA level were more accurate in responding to the spatiotemporal dynamic changes of the bacterial community. Although both sequencing methods indicated that Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla, the co-occurrence network at the RNA level could better reflect the close relationship between microorganisms in the surface sediment. Additionally, further analysis showed that Prochlorococcus and Microcystis were the most relevant and dominant genera of Cyanobacteria in the total and active bacterial communities, respectively; our results also demonstrated that the analysis of Cyanobacteria-related groups at the RNA level was more ‘informative’.
Multi-omics Visualization Platform: An extensible Galaxy plug-in for multi-omics data visualization and exploration
Authors: McGowan Thomas , Johnson James E , Kumar Praveen , Sajulga Ray , Mehta Subina , Jagtap Pratik D , Griffin Timothy J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Proteogenomics integrates genomics, transcriptomics, and mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics data to identify novel protein sequences arising from gene and transcript sequence variants. Proteogenomic data analysis requires integration of disparate ‘omic software tools, as well as customized tools to view and interpret results. The flexible Galaxy platform has proven valuable for proteogenomic data analysis. Here, we describe a novel Multi-omics Visualization Platform (MVP) for organizing, visualizing, and exploring proteogenomic results, adding a critically needed tool for data exploration and interpretation.

Findings
MVP is built as an HTML Galaxy plug-in, primarily based on JavaScript. Via the Galaxy API, MVP uses SQLite databases as input—a custom data type (mzSQLite) containing MS-based peptide identification information, a variant annotation table, and a coding sequence table. Users can interactively filter identified peptides based on sequence and data quality metrics, view annotated peptide MS data, and visualize protein-level information, along with genomic coordinates. Peptides that pass the user-defined thresholds can be sent back to Galaxy via the API for further analysis; processed data and visualizations can also be saved and shared. MVP leverages the Integrated Genomics Viewer JavaScript framework, enabling interactive visualization of peptides and corresponding transcript and genomic coding information within the MVP interface.

Conclusions
MVP provides a powerful, extensible platform for automated, interactive visualization of proteogenomic results within the Galaxy environment, adding a unique and critically needed tool for empowering exploration and interpretation of results. The platform is extensible, providing a basis for further development of new functionalities for proteogenomic data visualization.
Predictive value of great saphenous vein mapping prior to endoscopic harvesting in coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Akca Ferdi , Lam Ka Yan , Verberkmoes Niels , de Lathauwer Ignace , Soliman-Hamad Mohamed , van Straten Bart 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The use of endoscopic vein harvesting in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting is increasing, often using bedside mapping. However, data on the predictive value of great saphenous vein (GSV) mapping are scarce. This study assessed whether preoperative mapping could predict final conduit diameter.

METHODS
A prospective registry was created that included 251 patients. Saphenous vein mapping was performed prior to endoscopic vein harvesting at 3 predetermined sites. After harvesting and preparing the GSV, the outer diameters were measured. Appropriate graft size was defined as an outer diameter between 3 and 6 mm.

RESULTS
A total of 753 GSV segments were analysed. The average mapping diameter was 3.2 ± 0.7 mm. The harvested GSV had a mean diameter of 4.7 ± 0.8 mm. Mapping diameters were significantly positively correlated with actual GSV diameters (correlation coefficient, 0.47; P &lt; 0.001). If the preoperative mapping diameters were between 1.5 and 5 mm, 96.6% of the GSVs had suitable dimensions after endoscopic vein harvesting.

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative bedside mapping moderately predicts final GSV size after endoscopic harvesting but could not detect unsuitable vein segments. However, the majority of endoscopically harvested GSVs had diameters suitable to be used as coronary bypass grafts.
Characteristics of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subset Alteration in COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Wang Fan , Nie Jiayan , Wang Haizhou , Zhao Qiu , Xiong Yong , Deng Liping , Song Shihui , Ma Zhiyong , Mo Pingzheng , Zhang Yongxi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan and has since rapidly spread throughout China. We aimed to clarify the characteristics and clinical significance of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19.MethodsThe levels of peripheral lymphocyte subsets were measured by flow cytometry in 60 hospitalized COVID-19 patients before and after treatment, and their association with clinical characteristics and treatment efficacy was analyzed.ResultsTotal lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells decreased in COVID-19 patients, and severe cases had a lower level than mild cases. The subsets showed a significant association with inflammatory status in COVID-19, especially CD8+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. After treatment, 37 patients (67%) showed clinical response, with an increase in CD8+ T cells and B cells. No significant change in any subset was detected in nonresponsive cases. In multivariate analysis, posttreatment decrease in CD8+ T cells and B cells and increase in CD4+/CD8+ ratio were indicated as independent predictors of poor efficacy.ConclusionsPeripheral lymphocyte subset alteration was associated with clinical characteristics and treatment efficacy of COVID-19. CD8+ T cells tended to be an independent predictor for COVID-19 severity and treatment efficacy.
Embrace IR Anxieties (or, Morgenthau's Approach to Power, and the Challenge of Combining the Three Domains of IR Theorizing)
Authors: Guzzini Stefano 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the call made by the ISA Sapphire panel to focus on “the opportunities and the challenges of theory-building in interdisciplinary scholarship.” The article focuses on the multiple anxieties that exist in the discipline of IR, its departmental subalternity, its fragmentation of content, its methodological diversity, and its hybrid constitution of practical and observational knowledge. However, rather than arguing for any restriction, the article pleads for these anxieties to be embraced and for IR to be treated as a privileged space in which to integrate that knowledge. It invites scholars to link three distinct yet important domains of IR theorizing: the philosophical, the explanatory, and the practical. It invites the discipline to see the three domains as equally fundamental for its identity. Using Morgenthau's theory of power as a foil, the article shows the need to think about these three domains of theorizing concomitantly, despite the difficulties involved in providing a coherent link between them, something Morgenthau did not achieve.