bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of the E-Cigarette Use Outcome Expectancies Scale
Authors: Selekoğlu Ok Yasemin , Bektas Murat , Pokhrel Pallav 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study was carried out to evaluate the validity and reliability of the E-Cigarette Use Outcome Expectancies Scale (EUOES) in the Turkish context.

Method
The sample for the study was composed of 1,725 first-, second-, third-, and fourth-year university students aged 18–25 years. The data from the study were collected using a sociodemographic data collection form and the EUOES. Numbers and percentages were used for the evaluation of the data. In addition, content validity index, Pearson's correlation analysis, a paired samples t test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed for the analysis of language validity and expert opinions.

Findings
As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the factor loadings of the scale were found to range from 0.450 to 0.939. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the fit indices of the scale were 0.90 and higher. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was determined as .86.

Conclusion
As a result of the analysis, the EUOES was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for the Turkish sample.
Outcomes of Revision Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Kimura Kyle S. , O’Connell Brendan P. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Dedmon Matthew M. , Haynes David S. , Bennett Marc L. 
Published: May 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis:This study aims to 1) report revision cochlear implantation (CI) rates at a high-volume CI center, 2) describe classifications for revision CI, 3) analyze audiologic and surgical outcomes in patients who undergo revision CI, and 4) describe a new subcategory of soft failures, named presumed soft failures.Study Design:Retrospective case series.Setting:Tertiary care otologic center.Patients:Adults and children undergoing revision CI from 2005 to 2015.Main Outcome Measure:Type and etiology of CI failure, preoperative, and postoperative outcomes (audiologic, surgical).Results:During the study period, 1,469 CI surgeries were performed with a total of 81 (5.51%) revision cochlear implantations, 64 of these meeting inclusion criteria with adequate follow up and clear indications for revision surgery. The most common indication for revision surgery was hard failure (53.1%), followed by soft failure (29.7%), and medical/surgical failure (17.2%). 78.1% (50/64) of revision CI patients showed improvement postoperatively (defined as 15% improvement of speech perceptions scores or improvement of aversive symptoms, according to the 2005 consensus statement guidelines). Hard failures showed improvement in 85.3% (29/34) of cases, medical and surgical failures showed improvement in 72.7% (8/11) of cases, and soft failures showed improvement in 68.4% (13/19) of cases. There was a statistically significant difference in percentage of adult versus pediatric patients by failure subtype, with 84.2% of soft failure patients classified as adults (18 or older) at the time of revision surgery compared with 50% and 36.3% for hard failure and medical/surgical failure patients, respectively (p = 0.02). Similarly, there was a trend, though not statistically significant, towards older age in the soft failure group compared with hard and medical/surgical failure groups (median 43 yr versus 18 and 16, respectively). Within the soft failure group there was a subset of patients that failed to show improvement in audiologic performance or experienced continued aversive symptoms referred to as “presumed soft failures.” These patients, by definition, experienced worse outcomes after revision surgery (p < 0.05) and trended towards older age (43 versus 31 yr) and longer time from initial to revision surgery (27.3 versus 24.7 mo) when compared with true soft failures.Conclusions:The majority of patients improved after revision CI surgery; patients with hard failure demonstrated the highest percentage with improvement, while those with soft failures had worse outcomes. The presumed soft failure group may represent a unique etiology for CI failure that warrants further investigation given worse outcomes after revision surgery.
Stapes Surgery Outcomes in Patients With Concurrent Otosclerosis and Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence
Authors: McClellan Joseph , Nguyen Anthony , Hamilton Bronwyn , Jethanamest Daniel , Hullar Timothy E. , Gupta Sachin 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
To review outcomes of stapes surgery in patients with concurrent otosclerosis and superior semicircular canal dehiscence.

Study Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Patients with concurrent otosclerosis and superior canal dehiscence, confirmed by computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Intervention(s):
Stapes surgery for conductive hearing loss.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Postoperative air-bone gap (ABG), as well as the number of patients in whom surgery was deemed successful (postoperative ABG <10 dB HL).

Results:
Five patients with superior canal dehiscence and concomitant otosclerosis who underwent surgical repair were identified. Mean preoperative ABG was 29.0 ± 6.4 dB HL. Mean postoperative ABG was 13.0 ± 13 dB HL. Three patients (60%) had a successful outcome, defined as postoperative ABG less than 10. One patient experienced unmasking of superior canal dehiscence vestibular symptoms.

Conclusions:
Patients with concurrent otosclerosis and superior canal dehiscence appear to have a lower likelihood of successful hearing restoration following stapes surgery. Patients should be counseled accordingly. Routine preoperative CT imaging before stapes surgery may be helpful to identify patients at risk for poor outcomes.
Diagnosis of Stapedial Myoclonus Using Endoscopic Visualization
Authors: Barber Samuel R. , Barbarite Eric , Corrales C. Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Stapedial myoclonus is an uncommon condition involving the rhythmic contraction of the stapedial tendon that may result in a host of symptoms, including tinnitus (1–3). There is a dearth of robust diagnostic modalities to diagnose stapedial myoclonus(4–7), and most patients are treated without definitive diagnosis(8-12). Herein, we hypothesize that stapedial myoclonus can be readily diagnosed by awake otoendoscopy (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MAO/A997).

Case Report:
A 21-year-old healthy male professional singer presented with a rhythmic “thumping sound” heard in both ears for 5 years. Symptoms were triggered by singing and were worse on the right side. Work-up, including otologic exam, audiologic testing, and high resolution imaging, was unrevealing. Given symptomatology, stapedial tendon myoclonus was suspected.
While awake in the operating room, an inferior myringotomy was made, and both 1.9 mm 0 and 30 degree 3-CCD Hopkins rod endoscopes were used to visualize the middle ear space using a transcanal approach. There was robust movement of the tendon with patient vocalization that corresponded precisely with the timing of tinnitus. The patient subsequently underwent transection of the right stapedial tendon under general anesthesia using otoendoscopic visualization. The pyramidal eminence was also removed to avoid future regeneration. The patient underwent an identical procedure on the contralateral ear 3 months later with complete resolution of symptoms bilaterally.

Conclusion:
Stapedial myoclonus was diagnosed by transtympanic otoendoscopy in an awake patient. This approach may be readily applied in awake patients suspected of having stapedial myoclonus. Transection of the stapedial tendon in these patients resolves tinnitus.
Patient-specific 3D-printed Model-assisted Supracochlear Approach to the Petrous Apex
Authors: Takahashi Kuniyuki , Morita Yuka , Aizawa Naotaka , Ogi Manabu , Nonomura Yoriko , Kitazawa Meiko , Yagi Chihiro , Ohshima Shinsuke , Izumi Shuji , Yamagishi Tatsuya , Horii Arata 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
To present a case of pediatric cholesteatoma that invaded the petrous apex (PA) and discuss the usefulness of preoperative three-dimensional (3D) surgical simulation on a personal computer (PC) and patient-specific 3D printed model-assisted surgery.

Patient:
A 5-year-old boy with congenital cholesteatoma underwent a planned two-stage canal wall up mastoidectomy. The cholesteatoma had invaded the PA from a small space anterior to the superior semicircular canal (SSCC). During the removal of this lesion in the first surgery, the tip of a 1-mm round knife broke off and fell into the PA. The surgeon could not remove it, as it was thought that opening the space might damage the SSCC and the facial nerve (FN).

Intervention:
Before the second surgery, a preoperative 3D surgical simulation on a PC was performed, and an approach to the PA via the triangle surrounded by the SSCC, FN, and middle cranial fossa, namely, the supracochlear approach, was discovered. A patient-specific 3D-printed model, which had been drilled to make each surface of the triangle including the SSCC, FN, and middle cranial fossa visible in the PC simulation surgery, was then created and a 3D-printed model-assisted surgery was planned.

Results:
By placing the sterilized patient-specific 3D model close to the surgical field, the cholesteatoma and iatrogenic foreign body could be successfully removed from the PA without damaging the important surrounding structures.

Conclusions:
Preoperative 3D surgical simulations and intraoperative patient-specific 3D-printed model-assisted surgeries are new, powerful tools that aid in performing challenging surgeries on temporal bones.
Utility of Postoperative Prophylactic Antibiotics in Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Holland Michael , Lentz Rachel , Sbitany Hani 
Published: May 2020

Background
Immediate tissue expander placement remains a preferred method for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. The use of prophylactic postoperative antibiotic administration is thought to reduce rates of surgical site infection and reconstructive failure, but has not been studied in patients undergoing reconstruction in the prepectoral plane.

Methods
We retrospectively identified all patients undergoing immediate prepectoral tissue expander placement after mastectomy by a single plastic surgeon from 2015 to 2018. We identified 2 cohorts of patients: one group that received prophylactic antibiotics at the time of discharge and one group that did not. We collected treatment and outcomes data to compare rates of postoperative complications between cohorts.

Results
We identified 69 patients with 115 breasts who received discharge antibiotics and 63 patients with 106 breasts who did not. The antibiotic cohort had significantly lower rates of tissue expander loss (4.3% vs 17.0%, P = 0.003), unplanned operation (10.4% vs 24.5%, P = 0.007), and infection (7.0% vs 24.5, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The use of prophylactic postoperative antibiotics in prepectoral breast reconstruction is associated with significantly lower rates of postoperative complications. Further randomized controlled studies are warranted to explore the effect of antibiotic therapy on outcomes and to determine what the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy may be.
The Effect of Distal Transfer of the Spinal Accessory Nerve to the Suprascapular Nerve on the Shoulder Reanimation in Spontaneously Partially Recovered Obstetric Brachial Plexus Lesion
Authors: Abdelmaksoud Islam Mohamed , Ahmad Mohammad Hasan , Semaya Ahmed Elsayed , Ahmed Adel Refaat 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundSpontaneous recovery of elbow flexion in obstetric brachial plexus palsy at 4 to 6 months of age is sufficient to exclude the child from the early microsurgical intervention. However, lack of complete active external rotation of shoulder is a common finding in such cases despite ongoing other arm and shoulder functions. Nerve transfer is proposed to manage such cases before the age of 18 months.AimThe aim of this study was to study the distal transfer of the spinal accessory nerve to the suprascapular nerve through posterior approach and its effect on the shoulder reanimation in patients with obstetric brachial plexus lesion who had spontaneously recovered biceps function but not shoulder function before the age of 18 months.Patients and methodsThis prospective study included 20 patients admitted to Elhadra University Hospital with obstetric brachial plexus lesion aged between 10 and 18 months with spontaneous recovery of biceps function, weak active shoulder abduction grade 4 or grade 5 and deficient active shoulder external rotation. All patients were assessed preoperative and postoperative by Active Movement Scale.ResultsActive shoulder external rotation improved in all patients at the end of follow-up period, whereas the shoulder abduction improved in 80%. Early surgery in patient younger than 16 months shows better results.ConclusionsThe distal transfer of spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve is an effective method for active shoulder abduction and external rotation recovery in spontaneously recovered elbow flexion in obstetric brachial plexus lesions. Better results are obtained in patients younger than 16 months old. Early transfer balances the forces around the shoulder joint, preventing shoulder internal rotation contracture.
Anatomical Evaluation of Zygomaticus Major Muscle With Relation to Orbicularis Oculi Muscle and Parotid Duct
Authors: Elvan Özlem , Bobuş Örs Alev , Tezer Mesut Sabri 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:
To evaluate morphological properties of the zygomaticus major (ZMj) and demonstrate its detailed anatomical relationships with the orbicularis oculi (OOc) and the parotid duct (PD).

Methods:
Fifteen formalin fixed adult cadaver heads (7 males /8 females) aged between 45 and 92 years were dissected to reveal the ZMj, OOc, PD. Shape, lengths and thickness of the ZMj, positional relationships of the ZMj with respect to the OOc and PD (overlap, neighboring, being separate) were determined. Topographic localization of the ZMj according to lateral and medial canthi, tragus, mental tubercle and angle of mandible was evaluated.

Results:
The shape of the ZMj was observed as band like in 15/29 (51%), fan like in 10/29 (34%) and bifid in 4/29 (13%) sides. Position of the ZMj with respect to the OOc and distal part of the PD was not constant. The ZMj was overlapped by the OOc in 15/29 (52%) sides while they were adjacent in 14/29 (48%) sides. The ZMj overlapped the distal part of PD in 16/29 (%55) sides. They were separate in 10/29 (35%) sides and adjacent in 3/29 (10%) sides. Topographic location of the ZMj with respect to lateral and medial canthii, tragus, angle of mandible and mental tubercle was demonstrated. No statistically significant relationships were found between the ZMj measurements with head circumference and face length. No statistically significant differences were found between sides and gender in terms of the ZMj morphology (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the morphological features and topography of the ZMj along with its relationships with the OOc and PD that would be essential for clinical implications.
Postauricular Island Flap in Reconstruction of Auricula Tumor Defects
Authors: Mehel Dursun Mehmet , Özdemir Doğukan , Çelebi Mehmet , Saraç Nalan , Aydemir Samet , Özgür Abdulkadir 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The most common malignant tumor in humans is skin cancers. Skin cancers are most commonly seen in the head and neck region due to direct exposure to sunlight. Most frequently seen skin cancer in the auricula are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of postauricular island flap after resection of tumors in the auricula.
Twelve patients aged 58 to 84 years were included in the study. Eight patients had BCC, 3 had SCC, and 1 had basosquamous carcinoma (BSC). The tumor was located at the cavum concha in 7 cases, antihelix in 3 cases, triangular fossa in 1 case and scapha in 1 case. Surgical procedure was performed under local anesthesia in 7 patients and under general anesthesia in 5 patients. Postauricular island flap was used in all cases. There were no early complications. Three patients had non-apparent narrowing of the auriculomastoid angle. The patients were followed for an average of 2.6 years between 1 and 9 years. Only one patient with basosquamous carcinoma of the cavum concha had recurrence at 19 months.
We believe that the postauricular island flap may be a good alternative for the reconstruction of the defect after resection of tumors in the auricle due to its proximity to the surgical site, color matching, adequate thickness, good vascularization, aesthetic acceptance by the patient and completion of the procedure in one session.
Heminasal Reconstruction Utilizing Presurgical Planning, Template-Based Cartilage Reconstruction and Tissue Expansion
Authors: Bryant Justin R. , Stein Jason R. , Boyajian Michael K. , Manrique Monica , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Aivaz Marudeen , Rogers Gary F. , Oh Albert K. , Boyajian Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Heminasal aplasia is a rare congenital nasal anomaly in which there is unilateral deficiency in both the external nasal anatomy and nasal airway. Unilateral failure in development of a nasal placode in embryogenesis is thought to be the underlying cause of this anomaly. The authors describe the reconstruction of heminasal aplasia in a teenager utilizing a templated cartilaginous framework and tissue expansion. The authors feel the satisfactory results of this technique will be of benefit to other surgeons who may encounter this rare anomaly.
Evaluation of Surgical Approaches for Tumor Resection in the Deep Infratentorial Region and Impact of Virtual Reality Technique for the Surgical Planning and Strategy
Authors: Zawy Alsofy Samer , Sakellaropoulou Ioanna , Stroop Ralf 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
Tumors in the deep infratentorial region can be accessed via the supracerebellar-infratentorial (SCIT) or suboccipital-transcerebellar (SOTC) approaches in the sitting or prone position. Diagnosis of tumors in this region and review of their therapies are inseparably connected with cranial tomographic imaging. We retrospectively evaluate a cohort of patients who underwent tumor resection in this region and correlate complication rates to the literature, and evaluate the potential influence of a virtual reality (VR) visualization technique on surgery planning and strategy.

Methods:
Patient files were retrospectively analyzed regarding operative performance parameters, histopathological findings, surgical outcomes, and complications. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans were visualized via VR software. The influence of 3-dimensional VR images compared to 2-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging scans on surgical planning and surgical strategy was evaluated using a questionnaire.

Results:
Ninety-three patients were included, 80% placed in a sitting and 20% in a prone position. The SCIT approach was performed in 59% patients and SOTC approach in 41%. Surgical tumor resections were associated with an overall complication rate comparable to the literature. Image presentation using VR had a significant influence on the recommended surgical approach (P = 0.02), but no influence on the recommended patient positioning (P = 0.37) or placement of craniotomy (P = 0.09).

Conclusion:
Tumor resection in the deep infratentorial region, despite frequent use of the sitting position and SCIT approach, was associated with a complication rate comparable to the literature. Preoperative surgical planning using VR technology may increase understanding of the anatomy and pathology, and thus influence operation planning.
Le Fort III Distraction Osteogenesis Without Bicoronal Incision
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Tamada Ikkei , Sakamoto Teruo , Ishii Takenobu , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
Recently, midfacial hypoplasia for syndromic craniosynostosi has been corrected by Le Fort III distraction osteogenesis. During conventional Le Fort III osteotomy, osteotomy is performed via bicoronal incision. In contrast, the authors have developed a technique for performing Le Fort III osteotomy using internal devices but without bicoronal incision.

Patients and Methods:
The authors performed the Le Fort III distraction technique in 22 patients. Of these, 17 patients underwent an approach using conventional coronal incision; the others underwent an approach without coronal incision. This new approach was performed using a McCord incision, a brow incision, and gingivo-buccal sulcus incisions. We then performed osteotomy and attached the internal device.

Results:
The age of patients ranged from 6 to 21 years (mean: 14.1 ± 5.0 years) and 6 to 38 years (mean: 19.6 ± 11.5 years) in the groups with or without coronal incision, respectively. Mean operative time was 410 ± 196 minutes in the group with coronal incision and 357 ± 121 minutes in the group without coronal incision. Mean blood loss (per unit of body weight) was 51.3 ± 38.5 and 33.9 ± 9.9 ml/kg) in the groups with or without coronal incision, respectively. There were no complications, except in the case of a 38-year-old patient, the oldest patient, who lost vision in the left eye after surgery.

Conclusion:
A direct facial approach for Le Fort III distraction was useful because of its reduced operative time and blood loss. However, down fracture following incomplete osteotomy or inadequate dissection of the orbit may cause blindness. Consequently, this technique requires careful attention.
Ascher Syndrome: Acquired Double Lower Lip Combined With Epulis Fissuratum
Authors: Ozdede Melih , Dere Kadriye Ayca 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Ascher syndrome is characterized by double lip, blepharochalasis, and non-toxic goiter triad. This condition of unknown etiology usually occurs in patients younger than 20 years of age. In this case report, the authors present the diagnostic process of Ascher syndrome and surgical procedure of double lower lip in a female patient who applied to our clinic for prosthetic reasons. A 70-year old female patient was referred to our clinic with the chief complaint of incompatible dentures. The patient had been using the same complete dentures for 40 years. Extraoral clinical examination revealed protruded, bulged lower lip at rest and bilateral blepharochalasis, defined as atrophy of the upper eyelid skin. The upper lip and lower eyelids were not affected. Intraoral examination revealed complete edentation of both jaws and a double lower lip, an accessory fold of excess mucosae inside the vermillion border. Furthermore, epulis fissuratum was observed in the lower jaw. There was no family history of double lip. The patient stated that she had noticed another lip inside her lip for several years. As Ascher syndrome was suspected, the patient was referred to the endocrinology department for thyroid examination, and the non-toxic goiter diagnosis was confirmed. Surgical removal of the redundant tissues was necessary because of deficiencies in speech, chewing, and aesthetics. The excess tissues were excised by transverse ellipse incision technique. Dentists should be familiar with Ascher syndrome, as they may be the first physicians to encounter patients with double lip.