bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating changes and trends in ecosystem extent with dense time‐series satellite remote sensing
Authors: Lee Calvin K.F. , Nicholson Emily , Duncan Clare , Murray Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuantifying trends in ecosystem extent is essential to understanding the status of ecosystems. Estimates of ecosystem loss are widely used to track progress toward conservation targets, monitor deforestation, and identify ecosystems undergoing rapid change. Satellite remote sensing has become an important source of information for estimating these variables. Despite regular acquisition of satellite data, many studies of change in ecosystem extent use only static snapshots, which ignores considerable amounts of data. This approach limits the ability to explicitly estimate trend uncertainty and significance. Assessing the accuracy of multiple snapshots also requires time‐series reference data which is often very costly and sometimes impossible to obtain. We devised a method of estimating trends in ecosystem extent that uses all available Landsat satellite imagery. We used a dense time series of classified maps that explicitly accounted for covariates that affect extent estimates (e.g., time, cloud cover, and seasonality). We applied this approach to the Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, Myanmar, where rapid deforestation is greatly affecting the lowland rainforest. We applied a generalized additive mixed model to estimate forest extent from more than 650 Landsat image classifications (1999–2018). Forest extent declined significantly at a rate of 0.274%/year (SE = 0.078). Forest extent declined from 91.70% (SE = 0.02) of the study area in 1999 to 86.52% (SE = 0.02) in 2018. Compared with the snapshot method, our approach improved estimated trends of ecosystem loss by allowing significance testing with confidence intervals and incorporation of nonlinear relationships. Our method can be used to identify significant trends over time, reduces the need for extensive reference data through time, and provides quantitative estimates of uncertainty.
Beyond the Michaelis‐Menten: Accurate Prediction of In Vivo Hepatic Clearance for Drugs With Low KM
Authors: Back Hyun‐moon , Yun Hwi‐yeol , Kim Sang Kyum , Kim Jae Kyoung 
Published: April 2020

Clearance (CL) is the major pharmacokinetic parameter for evaluating systemic exposure of drugs in the body and, thus, for developing new drugs. To predict in vivo CL, the ratio between the maximal rate of metabolism and Michaelis‐Menten constant (Vmax/KM estimated from in vitro metabolism study has been widely used. This canonical approach is based on the Michaelis‐Menten equation, which is valid only when the KM value of a drug is much higher than the hepatic concentration of the enzymes, especially cytochrome P450, involved in its metabolism. Here, we find that such a condition does not hold for many drugs with low KM, and, thus, the canonical approach leads to considerable error. Importantly, we propose an alternative approach, which incorporates the saturation of drug metabolism when concentration of the enzymes is not sufficiently lower than KM. This new approach dramatically improves the accuracy of prediction for in vivo CL of high‐affinity drugs with low KM. This indicates that the proposed approach in this study, rather than the canonical approach, should be used to predict in vivo hepatic CL for high‐affinity drugs, such as midazolam and propafenone.
Implementation of an optimized binary classification by GMDH‐type neural network algorithm for predicting the blast produced ground vibration
Authors: Mohammadi Davood , Mikaeil Reza , Abdollahi‐Sharif Jafar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGround vibration is one of the most important undesired phenomena resulting from blasting operations imposing damages to facilities and buildings on the one hand, and creating environmental problems in open pit mining on the other. Therefore, the present study aims to provide an optimized classification binary model to identify the blasting patterns with an acceptable ground vibration intensity to reduce the damages resulting from this artificial phenomenon. This study uses a binary method to provide an optimized classification model for predicting and evaluating the blasting patterns with the minimum ground vibration. Group Method of Data Handling‐Type Neural Network is used as one of the most practical optimization algorithms to solve complicated and uncertain problems in this modelling. In this study, by collecting the data of 52 different blasting patterns from Soungun copper mine, some of the most important geometric properties and the amount of ammonium nitrate fuel oil consumed in each blasting pattern are recorded. In addition, based on expertise and experience of experts, the degree of ground vibration produced by each blasting is qualitatively classified into four different ranges of very high, high, normal and low in the form of unacceptable (very high and High) and acceptable (normal and low) clusters. Based on the results obtained from the analyses, the developed model has a high flexibility and ability in the binary prediction of blasting patterns with an acceptable vibration magnitude.
Collateral damage? Small‐scale fisheries in the global fight against IUU fishing
Authors: Song Andrew M. , Scholtens Joeri , Barclay Kate , Bush Simon R. , Fabinyi Michael , Adhuri Dedi S. , Haughton Milton 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConcern over illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing has led to a number of policy, trade and surveillance measures. While much attention has been given to the impact of IUU regulation on industrial fleets, recognition of the distinct impacts on small‐scale fisheries is conspicuously lacking from the policy and research debate. In this paper, we outline three ways in which the application of IUU discourse and regulation undermines small‐scale fisheries. First, the mainstream construction of “illegal,” “unreported” and “unregulated” fishing, and also the categorical use of “IUU” in an all‐inclusive sense, disregards the diversity, legitimacy and sustainability of small‐scale fisheries practices and their governing systems. Second, we explore how the recent trade‐related measures to counter IUU fishing mask and reinforce existing inequalities between different sectors and countries, creating an unfair burden on small‐scale fisheries and countries who depend on them. Third, as IUU fishing is increasingly approached as “organized crime,” there is a risk of inappropriately targeting small‐scale fisheries, at times violently. Reflecting on these three trends, we propose three strategies by which a more sensitive and ultimately more equitable incorporation of small‐scale fisheries can be supported in the global fight against IUU fishing.
Shifting trophic architecture of marine fisheries in New Zealand: Implications for guiding effective ecosystem‐based management
Authors: Durante Leonardo Maia , Beentjes Michael Peter , Wing Stephen Richard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNew Zealand has led the world in restoration of marine fisheries since the introduction of the Quota Management System in 1986, but challenges remain in minimizing the ecosystem‐level effects of industrialized fishing. We analysed existing long‐term fisheries data sets from 1931 to 2015 in New Zealand to resolve trends in important ecological properties of major exploited fish communities. Increases in community dissimilarities of catch composition in 1931 and 1972, followed by increasing total landings, highlight major expansions of fishing grounds and exploited species during these periods. Mirroring global patterns, the remarkable rise in fishing power, demand and generation of new markets in New Zealand have all contributed to this expansion. Marine Trophic Indices (MTIs) of landings have decreased together with total catch after the year 2000, reflecting smaller catches with a higher composition of lower trophic‐level species in recent years. Differences in relative abundance of species estimated between fisheries‐dependent and fisheries‐independent data were observed, where high‐value species displayed better agreement in relative abundance between data sets. Despite being under a Quota Management System, temporal development of MTI values relative to the timing of industrial expansion of fisheries was remarkably similar to those observed in the North Sea and Brazil, with a single expansion and decline. MTI values presented better long‐term stability in the US fisheries analysed. Analysis of long‐term data and the development of well‐resolved ecological baselines will be the first step towards applying EBM to New Zealand fisheries, in keeping with global trends in fisheries management.
Alterations in Brain Function After Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Migraine in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Nahman‐Averbuch Hadas , Schneider Victor J. , Chamberlin Leigh Ann , Kroon Van Diest Ashley M. , Peugh James L. , Lee Gregory R. , Radhakrishnan Rupa , Hershey Andrew D. , King Christopher D. , Coghill Robert C. , Powers Scott W. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThis basic mechanistic study examined the changes in brain activation and resting‐state connectivity after 8 weeks of CBT in youth with migraine.BackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psychological intervention that is effective in reducing pain in migraine patients. However, the neural mechanisms underlying CBT in adolescents with migraine are not yet known.MethodsEighteen adolescents with migraine (15 females, age 15.1 ± 2.1 years [mean ± SD]) completed 8 weekly CBT sessions. Before the first and after the final CBT session, participants underwent structural and resting‐state blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent contrast MRI scans. Arterial spin labeling was also used to examine brain activation during the resting state. For connectivity analyses, the right and left amygdala were chosen as seed regions. Relationships of the time courses within these seeds with voxels across the whole brain were evaluated.ResultsHeadache frequency decreased from 15 ± 7.4 headaches per month before CBT to 10 ± 7.4 after CBT (P < .001). After CBT, greater brain activations in frontal regions involved in cognitive regulation of pain were found. In addition, after CBT increased connectivity between the amygdala and frontal regions was observed. Associations between brain activation and amygdalar connectivity with a reduction in headache frequency were also observed.ConclusionsAlterations in brain function and amygdalar connectivity with areas involved in nociceptive processing, cognitive function, and emotional regulation may underlie the ability of CBT to aid in the prevention of headaches in migraine patients.
A different chemical route to prepare hafnium diboride‐based nanofibers: Effect of chemical composition
Authors: Ghelich Raziyeh , Abdizadeh Hossein , Jahannama Mohammad Reza , Torknik Fatemeh Sadat , Vaezi Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study reports on the synthesis of hafnium diboride (HfB2)‐based nanofibers via electrospinning of polyhafnoxanesal (PHO)‐based solution followed by pyrolyzing hafnium‐boron containing polyvinylpyrrolidone precursor fibers by a moderate heat treatment at 1500°C under argon atmosphere. The influence of the molar ratios of C/Hf and B/Hf in preceramic polymer method is investigated on the final phase of HfB2‐based nanofibers. Structural, thermal, microstructural, and physical properties of the hafnium‐based fibers are evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (HT‐XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscope/energy‐dispersive spectrometer (FE‐SEM/EDS), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET). The results unveiled that the acidic pH was the optimal condition needed for obtaining the single phase of HfB2 nanofibers. The precursor fibers with the stoichiometric ratio of 1:4:5 of Hf:B:C prepared under the acidic conditions converted into pure HfB2 nanofibers having rough and porous surface after pyrolysis at 1500°C for 2 hour in argon, whereas HfB2‐HfC composite nanofibers with smooth surface were produced in the neutral conditions. The HfB2 nanofibers with a mean diameter of ~100 nm prepared under the acidic conditions showed a higher specific surface area compared to HfB2‐HfC composite nanofibers with a diameter of ~121 nm derived in the neutral conditions.
Dysregulation of NIPBL leads to impaired RUNX1 expression and haematopoietic defects
Authors: Mazzola Mara , Pezzotta Alex , Fazio Grazia , Rigamonti Alessandra , Bresciani Erica , Gaudenzi Germano , Pelleri Maria Chiara , Saitta Claudia , Ferrari Luca , Parma Matteo , Fumagalli Monica , Biondi Andrea , Cazzaniga Giovanni , Marozzi Anna , Pistocchi Anna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe transcription factor RUNX1, a pivotal regulator of HSCs and haematopoiesis, is a frequent target of chromosomal translocations, point mutations or altered gene/protein dosage. These modifications lead or contribute to the development of myelodysplasia, leukaemia or platelet disorders. A better understanding of how regulatory elements contribute to fine‐tune the RUNX1 expression in haematopoietic tissues could improve our knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for normal haematopoiesis and malignancy insurgence. The cohesin RAD21 was reported to be a regulator of RUNX1 expression in the human myeloid HL60 cell line and during primitive haematopoiesis in zebrafish. In our study, we demonstrate that another cohesin, NIPBL, exerts positive regulation of RUNX1 in three different contexts in which RUNX1 displays important functions: in megakaryocytes derived from healthy donors, in bone marrow samples obtained from adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and during zebrafish haematopoiesis. In this model, we demonstrate that alterations in the zebrafish orthologue nipblb reduce runx1 expression with consequent defects in its erythroid and myeloid targets such as gata1a and spi1b in an opposite way to rad21. Thus, also in the absence of RUNX1 translocation or mutations, additional factors such as defects in the expression of NIPBL might induce haematological diseases.
Association of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor‐targeted imaging probe with in vivo glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist glucose‐lowering effects
Authors: Murakami Takaaki , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Fujita Naotaka , Hamamatsu Keita , Yabe Daisuke , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA) are used for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide. However, some patients do not respond well to the therapy, and caution must be taken for certain patients, including those with reduced insulin secretory capacity. Thus, it is clinically important to predict the efficacy of GLP‐1RA therapy. GLP‐1R‐targeted imaging has recently emerged to visualize and quantify β‐cells. We investigated whether GLP‐1R‐targeted imaging can predict the efficacy of GLP‐1RA treatment.Materials and MethodsWe developed 111Indium‐labeled exendin‐4 derivative (111In‐Ex4) as a GLP‐1R‐targeting probe. Diabetic mice were selected from NONcNZO10/LtJ male mice that were fed for different durations with 11% fat chow. After 3‐week administration of dulaglutide as GLP‐1RA therapy, mice with non‐fasting blood glucose levels <300 mg/dL and >300 mg/dL were defined as responders and non‐responders, respectively. In addition, ex vivo 111In‐Ex4 pancreatic accumulations (111In‐Ex4 pancreatic values) were examined.ResultsThe non‐fasting blood glucose levels after treatment were 172.5 ± 42.4 mg/dL in responders (n = 4) and 330.8 ± 20.7 mg/dL in non‐responders (n = 5), respectively. Ex vivo 111In‐Ex4 pancreatic values showed significant correlations with post‐treatment glycohemoglobin and glucose area under curve during an oral glucose tolerance test (R2 = 0.76 and 0.80; P < 0.01 and <0.01, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic area under curve for identifying responders by ex vivo 111In‐Ex4 pancreatic values was 1.00 (P < 0.01).ConclusionEx vivo 111In‐Ex4 pancreatic values reflected dulaglutide efficacy, suggesting clinical possibilities for expanding GLP‐1R‐targeted imaging applications.
Factors associated with glycemic control in type 1 diabetes patients in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Huo Lili , Deng Wei , Shaw Jonathan E , Magliano Dianna J , Zhang Puhong , McGuire Helen C , Kissimova‐Skarbek Katarzyna , Whiting David , Ji Linong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionGlycemic control in type 1 diabetes can be challenging, and is influenced by many factors. This study aimed to investigate glycemic control and its associated factors in Chinese people with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 779 participants with type 1 diabetes selected from hospital records review, outpatient clinics and inpatient wards. Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews, medical records and venous blood samples. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine factors associated with glycemic control.ResultsAmong 779 participants, 49.2% were male. The median age was 24 years (interquartile range 14–36 years). The median age at diagnosis of diabetes was 17 years (interquartile range 10–28 years) and the median duration of diabetes was 4 years (interquartile range 1–8 years). The mean ± standard deviation hemoglobin A1c was 9.1 ± 2.5%. Nearly 80% of participants had inadequate glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c ≥7.0%). Multivariable analysis showed that age at diagnosis of diabetes ≤20 years, living in a rural location, low household income, low intake of fruit and vegetables, low level of physical activity, low adherence to insulin, and low utilization of insulin pump were independent risk factors for poor glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c ≥9.0%).ConclusionsInadequate glycaemic control is common among people with type 1 diabetes in China. Efforts should be made to control the modifiable risk factors, which include low intake of fruit and vegetables, low level of physical activity, and low adherence to insulin for the improvement of glycemic control. Appropriate use of insulin pump among type 1 diabetes should be encouraged.
Hidradenitis suppurativa in paediatric patients: a retrospective monocentric study in Germany and review of the literature
Authors: Vaiopoulos A.G. , Nikolakis G. , Zouboulis C.C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, recurrent, debilitating skin disease of the hair follicle affecting apocrine glands‐rich areas of the body. The disease usually occurs after puberty leading to painful nodules, abscesses, tunnels and scarring. Although uncommonly, HS can also occur in children and adolescents.ObjectiveOur objective was to describe the epidemiology, characteristics, predisposing factors and clinical course of HS in paediatric patients.MethodsThe retrospective cohort study included patients with HS, who have been diagnosed in Dessau Medical Center and reported development of HS during childhood or adolescence, fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for HS and had a follow‐up period of at least one year. A systematic review was conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL on 19 March 2020 using the terms ‘hidradenitis’ or ‘acne inversa’ together with the terms ‘children’, ‘paediatric’ and ‘adolescence’.ResultsTwenty paediatric patients [1 child (0.22%), 19 adolescents (4.25%)] were detected out of 447 patients evaluated (4.5%) with a male to female ratio of 1.86 : 1. The median age at diagnosis was 17 years [interquartile range (IQR) 16–18] and the median age at onset 15 years (IQR: 14–16.5). The majority of the patients suffered from moderate disease were overweight or obese and non‐smokers. The most common comorbid disorder was acne vulgaris. The systematic review revealed reports with data heterogeneity and lack of systematic documentation of specific demographic characteristics. Most paediatric patients were female, obese and non‐smokers, with considerable comorbid disorders.ConclusionsHidradenitis suppurativa in Germany may affect children and adolescents exhibiting a particular phenotype of mainly male non‐smokers.
Combined control of Lasioderma serricorne (F.) and Ephestia elutella (Hbn.) in a tobacco processing facility by attracticide method
Authors: Trematerra Pasquale 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResults on application of attracticide method in the combined control of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne and tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella, infesting a tobacco processing facility are reported. Experimental devices with cross‐panel stripes treated with microencapsulated permethrin at 6% (a.i.) and baited at same time with (4,6‐dimethyl‐7‐hydroxynonan‐3‐one) serricornin and (Z,E)‐9,12‐tetradecadien‐1 ol acetate (TDA) were used for 2 years (2017 and 2018) in an Italian tobacco processing facility. The experiment demonstrated that the presence of both serricornin and TDA dispensers on cross‐panel striped devices had no affect on the numbers of L. serricorne and E. elutella male adults caught. After 2 years, the densities of adult males were clearly suppressed in room treated with attracticide compared to control room. Thus, the 2017–2018 experiment suggests that attracticide devices with two pheromone lures and microencapsulated permethrin at 6% (a.i.) can be effective suppression tools for managing combined pest populations of L. serricorne and E. elutella in tobacco facilities. The reduction of male infestation by L. serricorne ranged from 36% to 87%, and in E. elutella, the reduction of infestation ranged from 63% to 91%.
Where art thou louse? A snapshot of attachment location preferences in salmon lice on Atlantic salmon hosts in sea cages
Authors: Bui Samantha , Oppedal Frode , Nola Velimir , Barrett Luke T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProblematic sea lice infestations on farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have motivated extensive research and development into new methods to prevent, monitor and control sea lice. Most of these technologies require detailed information on the behaviour, spatial distribution and demography of lice on host fish. This study investigated how salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation density varies across the host's surface under sea cage farming conditions. Lice abundance, demography and attachment location were tracked over time, with repeated sampling of 300 individually tagged salmon across three replicate experimental sea cages. The data reveal clear differences in attachment locations according to sex and stage, but with an overall preference for the dorsal surface among mobile stages—dorsal head for adult females and dorsal‐posterior section for males and pre‐adults. Total lice abundance was highly variable between repeated measures of individual fish, consistent with frequent host‐switching or mortality. Total lice numbers also declined between sampling dates, likely due to handling, with lost mobile lice being almost exclusively adult males. As the distribution of sea lice on hosts is likely determined by numerous factors, future image‐based automated detection systems should be validated in settings that reflect the complex host–parasite interactions that occur in open farming systems.