bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the prophylactic role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19)
Authors: Shah Sanket , Das Saibal , Jain Avinash , Misra Durga Prasanna , Negi Vir Singh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe pandemic coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) has pushed the global healthcare system to a crisis and amounted to a huge economic burden. Different drugs for prophylaxis against COVID‐19 including chloroquine (CQ) or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been tried. This study was performed to systematically review the role of CQ and HCQ in preventing the spread of COVID‐19.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies that evaluated the prophylactic role of CQ or HCQ on SARS‐CoV‐2 (pre‐clinical studies) or COVID‐19 (clinical studies) until 30 March 2020. The available literature was critically appraised.ResultsA total of 45 articles were screened and 5 (3 in vitro pre‐clinical studies and 2 clinical opinions) were included. The pre‐clinical studies showed the prophylactic effects of CQ and HCQ against SARS‐CoV‐2. On the other hand, the clinical opinions advocated the prophylactic use of CQ and HCQ against COVID‐19. However, no original clinical studies on the prophylactic role of CQ or HCQ on COVID‐19 were available.ConclusionAlthough pre‐clinical results are promising, to date there is a dearth of evidence to support the efficacy of CQ or HCQ in preventing COVID‐19. Considering potential safety issues and the likelihood of imparting a false sense of security, prophylaxis with CQ or HCQ against COVID‐19 needs to be thoroughly evaluated in observational studies or high‐quality randomized controlled studies.
Consolidation treatment of durvalumab after chemoradiation in real‐world patients with stage III unresectable non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chu Chia‐Hsun , Chiu Tzu‐Hsuan , Wang Chin‐Chou , Chang Wen‐Chen , Huang Allen Chung‐Cheng , Liu Chien‐Ying , Wang Chih‐Liang , Ko Ho‐Wen , Chung Fu‐Tsai , Hsu Ping‐Chih , Guo Yi‐Ke , Kuo Chih‐Hsi S. , Yang Cheng‐Ta 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundTreatment for stage III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of unresectable disease mainly involves concurrent chemoradiation (CRT). Post‐CRT consolidation treatment with durvalumab is a major therapeutic advance that provides survival benefit in this group of patients. However, the performance of this treatment strategy remains to be studied in a real‐world setting.MethodsA total of 31 patients who had disease control post‐CRT were included in the durvalumab early access program (EAP) as an intent‐to‐treat cohort and retrospectively reviewed for post‐CRT progression‐free survival (PFS) and time to metastatic disease or death (TMDD). The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at the initiation of durvalumab was analyzed in 29 patients.ResultsThe median time from the completion of concurrent CRT to the initiation of durvalumb was 2.8 months. The objective response was 25.8% and the 12 month PFS and TMDD‐free rate were 56.4% and 66.9%, respectively. The low NLR patients showed a significantly longer post‐CRT PFS (not reach vs. 12.0 months [95% CI: 5.5–not estimable]; P = 0.040; the hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.23 [95% CI: 0.05–1.00]; P = 0.048) and the 12 month post‐CRT PFS rate (82.5 vs. 42.6%). The post‐CRT TMDD (not reach vs. 12.6 months, [95% CI: 10.8–not estimable]; P = 0.010; the hazard ratio for distant metastasis or death, 0.11 [95% CI: 0.01–0.88]; P = 0.037) and 12 month post‐CRT TMDD‐free rate (90.9 vs. 57.1%) were also significantly higher in the low NLR patients.ConclusionsDurvalumab consolidation treatment in real‐world patients showed substantial efficacy and the correlation with the NLR level warrants further investigation.
Release from sheep‐grazing appears to put some heart back into upland vegetation: A comparison of nutritional properties of plant species in long‐term grazing experiments
Authors: Marrs Robert H. , Lee HyoHyeMi , Blackbird Sabena , Connor Leslie , Girdwood Susan E. , O'Connor Michael , Smart Simon M. , Rose Robert J. , O'Reilly John , Chiverrell Richard C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRewilding or wilding is a popularised means for enhancing the conservation value of marginal land. In the British uplands, it will involve a reduction, or complete removal, of livestock grazing (sheep), based on the belief that grazing has reduced plant species diversity, the ‘Wet Desert’ hypothesis. The hope is that if livestock is removed, diversity will recover. If true, we hypothesise that the species extirpated/reduced by grazing and then recover on its removal would more nutritious compared to those that persisted. We test this hypothesis at Moor House National Nature Reserve (North‐Pennines), where seven sets of paired plots were established between 1953 and 1967 to compare ungrazed/sheep‐grazed vegetation. Within these plot‐pairs, we compared leaf properties of seven focal species that occurred only, or were present in much greater abundance, in the absence of grazing to those of 10 common species that were common in both grazed and ungrazed vegetation. Each sample was analysed for macro‐nutrients, micro‐nutrients, digestibility, palatability and decomposability. We ranked the species with respect to 22 variables based on effect size derived from Generalised Linear Modelling (GLM) and compared species using a Principal Components Analysis. We also assessed changes in abundance of the focal species through time using GLMs. Our results support the ‘Wet Desert’ hypothesis, that is, that long‐term sheep grazing has selectively removed/reduced species like our focal ones and on recovery, they were more nutritious (macro‐nutrients, some micro‐nutrients) palatable, digestible and decomposable than common species. Measured changes in abundance of the focal species suggest that their recovery will take 10–20 years in blanket bog and 60 years in high‐altitude grasslands. Collectively, these results suggest that sheep grazing has brought about biotic homogenization, and its removal in (re)wilding schemes will reverse this process eventually! The ‘white woolly maggots’ have eaten at least part of the heart out of the highlands/uplands, and it will take some time for recovery.
Salinity stress response of non‐transformed and AtCKX transgenic centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn.) shoots and roots grown in vitro
Authors: Trifunović‐Momčilov Milana , Paunović Danijela , Milošević Snežana , Marković Marija , Jevremović Slađana , Dragićević Ivana Č , Subotić Angelina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCommon centaury (Centaurium erythraea Rafn.) is a plant species that can inhabit saline soils. It is known as a plant with high spontaneous regeneration potential in vitro. In the present work we evaluated shoots and roots salinity tolerance of non‐transformed and three AtCKX transgenic centaury lines to graded NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM) in vitro. Overexpression of AtCKX genes in transgenic centaury plants resulted in an altered cytokinins (CKs) profile leading to a decline of bioactive CK levels and, at the same time, increased contents of storage CK forms, inactive CK forms and/or CK nucleotides. Significant increment of fresh shoot weight was obtained in shoots of non‐transformed and AtCKX1 transgenic line only on medium supplemented with 50 mM NaCl. However two analysed AtCKX2 transgenic lines reduced shoot growth at all NaCl concentrations. In general, centaury roots showed higher tolerance to salinity than shoots. Non‐transformed and AtCKX1 transgenic lines tolerated up to 100 mM NaCl without change in frequency of regeneration and number of regenerated plants. Roots of two analysed AtCKX2 transgenic lines showed different regeneration potential under salt stress. Regeneration of transgenic AtCKX2‐26 shoots even at 200 mM NaCl was recorded. Salinity stress response of centaury shoots and roots was also evaluated at biochemical level. Free proline, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content as well as antioxidative enzymes activities were investigated in shoots and roots after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. In general, adition of NaCl in culture medium elevated all biochemical parameters in centaury shoots and in roots. Considering that all analysed AtCKX transgenic centaury lines showed altered salt tolerance to graded NaCl concentrations in vitro it can be assumed that CKs might be involved in plant defence to salt stress conditions.
Mitochondrial sequence‐based evolutionary analysis of riverine–swamp hybrid buffaloes of India indicates novel maternal differentiation and domestication patterns
Authors: Singh R. , Lava Kumar S. , Mishra S. K. , Gurao A. , Niranjan S. K. , Vohra V. , Dash S. K. , Rajesh C. , Kataria R. S. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn this study, mitochondrial D‐loop sequence data on riverine, swamp and hybrid buffaloes from India have been generated and compared with other reported Indian riverine, Chinese and Bangladeshi swamp buffalo populations. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of 132 haplotypes, with a haplotype diversity of 0.9611 ± 0.0045 and a nucleotide diversity of 0.04801 ± 0.00126. For the first time, the existence of riverine–swamp hybrids among the Indian Chilika buffalo population has been recorded, having 49 chromosomes, which was also confirmed by mitochondrial haplotype sharing between Chilika and Indian swamp as well as Chinese swamp buffalo populations in the network analysis. Phylogenetic analysis documents the sharing of reported pre‐domestication haplogroups ‘SA1’, ‘SA2’, ‘SA3’ and ‘SB1’ between the Chilika and swamp buffalo populations of India, China and Bangladesh, an indication of the migration of swamp buffaloes towards Bangladesh and adjoining lower parts of India and north towards Chinese domestication sites. The results have also been supplemented by multidimension scaling, grouping Indian and Chinese swamp buffaloes more closely together with Bangladeshi buffaloes, but into a separate quadrant, whereas Chilika grouped away from other riverine as well as swamp buffaloes. These findings thus confirm the previous reports that the northeast region of India, close to the Indo‐China border, is the point of evolution of swamp buffaloes with multiple sites of domestication.
Dissection of white matter association fasciculi in bovine (Bos taurus), pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) brains
Authors: Guerrero Marco , Veuthey Carlos , del Sol Mariano , Ottone Nicolas E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe cerebral fasciculi (association, commissural and projection) pass through the cerebral white matter in organized groups connecting regions, hemispheres, gyri, areas and brain lobes to each other. The study can be done in vivo through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) but presenting some technical problems. The post‐mortem study by dissection allows to have a clearer view of its location, path and connections. In this work, we dissect, identify and compare the fasciculi of association of the white matter of the dorsolateral face of bovine hemispheres (Bos taurus), pig hemispheres (Sus scrofa domesticus) and rabbit hemispheres (Oryctolagus cuniculus), applying the Klingler´s technique. In 30 cerebral hemispheres (10 of each species, five right and five left), we applied the Klingler technique to identify and isolate the occipitofrontal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus; we established its location by fixing landmarks, and determined the difference in its length and width between the right and left hemispheres as well as between species using the statistical tests of t‐student and one‐way ANOVA. We identify the gyri, sulci and fasciculi of the dorsolateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres of the three species. We found statistically significant differences in several fasciculi between species principally in the occipitofrontal fasciculus. The preparation of the brains through the modified Klingler technique allowed a successful identification of the fascicules of association of the dorsolateral face of the cerebral hemispheres and the empowerment of these animal models for future research work in this field.
Growth phenology and water potential patterns of Periploca angustifolia in relation to water availability
Authors: DGHIM Fairouz , Boukhris Makki , Neffati Mohamed , Chaieb Mohamed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPeriploca angustifoliaLabill., is a multipurpose shrub also used to rehabilitate drylands. It is essential to understand its phenological patterns under arid conditions. In order to understand how plants manage extreme drought, this study investigates the relationship between phenological traits of P. angustifolia Labill., water potential and climatic conditions. During two successive growing seasons (Sep 2009–Augst 2011) phenological patterns, soil water content and water potentials were measured monthly for plants of Periploca angustifoliaLabill growing under rain‐fed conditions (Annual rainfall = 168 mm) at the pastoretum of the Arid Regions Institute in southern Tunisia. The Ψmd decreased progressively and concomitantly with increasing seasonal drought, reaching the lowest values in late summer (down to –3 MPa). Water potentials of P. angustifoliaLabill were affected by spatial and temporal variations in soil water content. The increased diurnal amplitude values (∆ψ > −1.3 MPa) explained the especially high biological activity of this species during the dry season. Our results clearly demonstrate that P. angustifolia Labill is a drought‐tolerant species reaching low water potentials during the driest months of summer. These characteristics make this shrub as promising for rehabilitating degraded arid ecosystems.
The role of the peer support worker in increasing rural mental health help‐seeking
Authors: Cheesmond Natalie , Davies Kate , Inder Kerry J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveMental health peer support workers draw on lived experience to provide benefit to people experiencing mental distress. People living in rural areas are less likely than their urban counterparts to seek professional help for psychological distress. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived value of rural peer support workers as facilitators to rural mental health help‐seeking.DesignData were gathered through a cross‐sectional survey distributed by a social media boosted post.SettingA total of 349 “small” rural towns in New South Wales as defined by the Modified Monash Model classification system as MMM5.ParticipantsA total of 765 adult, rural residents completed the survey.Main outcome measure(s)Participants were asked to select, from a list of potential facilitators, those which they felt would make mental health help‐seeking easier or harder.ResultsStudy participants felt that a help provider with lived experience of mental illness or distress would make mental health help‐seeking easier. Similarly, rural life experience in a help provider was thought to facilitate help‐seeking. Participants also believed that flexible and informal meeting settings would make it easier to seek help for mental distress.ConclusionsEngaging rural mental health peer support workers in a flexible/informal setting, as a complement to conventional health service provision, may increase rural help‐seeking for mental distress. Increased mental health help‐seeking is likely to have a positive impact on instances of serious mental illness.
Co‐designing the InnoWell Platform to deliver the right mental health care first time to regional youth
Authors: Rowe Shelley C. , Davenport Tracey A. , Easton Michael A. , Jackson Tanya A. , Melsness Jennifer , Ottavio Antonia , Sinclair Jenny , Hickie AM Ian B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveBuilding upon earlier research, a person‐centred technology‐enabled solution (the InnoWell Platform) is being co‐designed and implemented into regional youth primary mental health services to improve clinical safety and service quality.DesignCo‐design methodologies of service pathway mapping and participatory design workshops as well as usability testing guide the development and implementation of the InnoWell Platform.Setting and participantsheadspace centres on the North Coast of New South Wales and their associated communities.Main outcome measuresParticipation in co‐design methodologies, implementation and uptake, identification of youth mental health care needs, and service provision.ResultsNine service pathway mapping (N = 81 participants) and 10 participatory design (N = 48) workshops and usability testing sessions (N = 30) with youth, their supportive others, health professionals, service managers and administrators have been conducted. Four headspace centres have implemented the InnoWell Platform. To date, 120 youth are using the platform and 96 have completed an initial multidimensional assessment. Of these, the majority reported moderate‐to‐high psychological distress and a quarter reported experiencing high suicidal thoughts and behaviours with subsequent earlier provision of care. Young people have independently commenced recommended online tools and collaborated on clinical care options with their health professionals.ConclusionsPreliminary findings support co‐design methodologies for the development of person‐centred technology‐enabled solutions embedded within youth primary mental health services in regional Australia. The findings further demonstrate that such solutions may improve clinical safety and service quality, which in turn may facilitate the delivery of the right care, first time!
Troponin T correlates with MRI results in neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Sweetman Deirdre U. , Kelly Lynne , Hurley Tim , Onwuneme Chike , Watson R. William Gordon , Murphy John F. A. , Slevin Marie , Donoghue Veronica , Molloy Eleanor J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTroponin is a sensitive marker of asphyxia in term infants mirroring the myocardial injury sustained in global hypoxia‐ischaemia. In addition, troponin is a sensitive marker of severity of stroke in adults and neonatal encephalopathy (NE). We aimed to examine the relationship between troponin T in infants with perinatal asphyxia and brain injury on MRI and correlate with neurodevelopmental outcome.MethodsSerum troponin was sampled in infants requiring resuscitation at birth and/or neonatal encephalopathy in a tertiary referral neonatal centre. Birth history, clinical parameters, neuroimaging and developmental outcome (Bayley Scores of Infant Development [BSID] III) were evaluated.ResultsInfants with perinatal asphyxia (n = 54) had serum troponin T measured and 27 required therapeutic hypothermia. Troponin T levels on days 1 and 2 were predictive of need for TH, development of seizures and grade II/III NE (AUC = 0.7; P‐values < .001), troponin T levels on days 1, 2 and 3 were highly significant predictors of mortality (AUC = 0.99, P‐values .005). The cut‐off values of troponin T for best prediction of mortality were 0.84, 0.63 and 0.58 ng/mL on days 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Troponin T on day 3 of life was predictive of injury in the combined area of basal ganglia/watershed on MRI (AUC 0.70; P‐value = .045).ConclusionInfants with brain injury on neuroimaging following perinatal asphyxia had significantly elevated serum troponin, and troponin also correlated with developmental scores at 2 years. Further studies combining troponin and MRI may assist in the classification of neonatal brain injury to define aetiology, prognosis and response to treatment.
Organizational failure to ethically manage sexual harassment: Limits to #metoo
Authors: Clarke Heather M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe recent deluge of sexual harassment allegations in the media serves as a reminder that sexual harassment remains a pervasive, destructive occurrence in the workplace. Organizations in the United States have taken a legal‐centric approach to managing workplace sexual harassment, resulting in impotent anti‐harassment policies, ineffective sexual harassment training, and underused reporting mechanisms. In this conceptual paper, I argue that men's differential perceptions of sociosexual behaviors have propagated this legal‐centric approach, which fails to meet organizations’ ethical obligation to provide a safe and healthy work environment. Specifically, men have a different psychological experience of sexual harassment, which may inhibit their ability to take the perspective of targets. This lack of perspective‐taking has influenced the jurisprudence on workplace sexual harassment, which has in turn informed organizations’ approach to managing the phenomenon. I contribute to research on both business ethics and workplace sexual harassment by integrating two bodies of scholarship that have developed largely independent of one another: organizational psychology and legal. In so doing, I offer an explanation for the continued pervasiveness of workplace sexual harassment despite decades of legal sanction, organizational interventions, and research.
Effect of increased levothyroxine dose on depressive mood in older adults undergoing thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Authors: Moon Jae Hoon , Han Ji Won , Oh Tae Jung , Choi Sung Hee , Lim Soo , Kim Ki Woong , Jang Hak Chul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveDepressive mood consequent to hypothyroidism can be reversed with levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy. However, it is unclear whether increasing LT4 dose confers additional mood benefits.Design and PatientsA single‐blinded before‐and‐after study of 24 patients with hypothyroidism who were aged 65 years or older and undergoing LT4 replacement therapy with stable doses.MeasurementsGeriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐K) and Hyperthyroid Symptom Scale (HSS‐K) were assessed at baseline, 3 months after increasing LT4 dose by an additional 12.5 µg/d, and finally 3 months after returning to the baseline dose.ResultsSerum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations decreased at the higher LT4 dose (1.95 ± 2.16 vs 0.47 ± 1.09 mIU/L, P < .001) and recovered after returning to the baseline dose. Serum‐free thyroxine levels and HSS‐K scores were unchanged during the study period. GDS‐K scores improved on the increased dose (9.5 ± 6.6 vs 7.5 ± 4.7, P = .029), and this improvement was maintained after returning to the baseline dose (9.5 ± 6.6 vs 7.4 ± 5.4, P = .010). Higher serum TSH was independently associated with both higher GDS‐K and depression risk among those with depressive mood (GDS‐K > 10) at baseline.ConclusionsDepressive mood improves with increased LT4 dose, without significant hyperthyroid symptoms or signs, in older adults undergoing thyroid hormone replacement. These findings suggest the potential for varying the treatment target for hypothyroidism based on mood status and that low‐dose LT4 treatment might be an ancillary treatment for depression.