bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difficult birth is the main contributor to birth‐related fracture and accidents to other neonatal fractures
Authors: Högberg Ulf , Fellman Vineta , Thiblin Ingemar , Karlsson Ruth , Wester Knut 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimSpecific birth‐related fractures have been studied; underestimates might be a problem. We aimed to assess all fractures diagnosed as birth‐related as well as other neonatal fractures.MethodsA population‐based study on all infants born in Sweden 1997‐2014; data were retrieved from the Swedish Health Registers (10th version of International Classification of Diseases. Outcome measures were birth‐related fractures (ICD‐10 P‐codes) and other neonatal fractures (ICD‐10 S‐codes).ResultsThe overall fracture incidence was 2.9 per 1000 live birth (N = 5336); 92.6% had P‐codes and 7.4% (S‐codes). Some birth‐related fractures were diagnosed beyond the neonatal period. Other neonatal fractures could have been birth‐related. Clavicle fracture (88.8%) was associated with adverse maternal and infant anthropometrics and birth complications. The few neonates with rib fractures all had concomitant clavicle fracture. For skull fractures, a minor part was birth‐related and most were associated with accidents. Half of the long bone fractures were associated with accidents. Birth‐related femur fractures were associated with bone fragility risk factors. Five infants with abuse diagnoses had fractures: skull (4), long bone (2) and rib (1).ConclusionBirth‐related and other neonatal fractures are rarely diagnosed. Difficult birth is the main contributor to birth‐related fracture and accidents to other neonatal fractures.
Efficacy gap between phase II and subsequent phase III studies in oncology
Authors: Vreman Rick A. , Belitser Svetlana V. , Mota Ana T.M. , Hövels Anke M. , Goettsch Wim G. , Roes Kit C.B. , Leufkens Hubert G.M. , Mantel‐Teeuwisse Aukje K. 
Published: February 2020

AimsThere is a trend for more flexibility in timing of evidence generation in relation to marketing authorization, including the option to complete phase III trials after authorization or not at all. This paper investigated the relation between phase II and III clinical trial efficacy in oncology.MethodsAll oncology drugs approved by the European Medicines Agency (2007–2016) were included. Phase II and phase III trials were matched based on indication and treatment and patient characteristics. Reported objective response rates (ORR), median progression‐free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) were analysed through weighted mixed‐effects regression with previous treatment, treatment regimen, blinding, randomization, marketing authorization type and cancer type as covariates.ResultsA total of 81 phase II‐III matches were identified including 252 trials. Mean (standard deviation) weighted difference (phase III minus II) was −4.2% (17.4) for ORR, 2.1 (6.7) months for PFS and −0.3 (5.1) months for OS, indicating very small average differences between phases. Differences varied substantially between individual indications: from −46.6% to 47.3% for ORR, from −5.3 to 35.9 months for PFS and from −13.3 to 10.8 months for OS. All covariates except blinding were associated with differences in effect sizes for at least 1 outcome.ConclusionsThe lack of marked average differences between phases may encourage decision‐makers to regard the quality of design and total body of evidence instead of differentiating between phases of clinical development. The large variability emphasizes that replication of study findings remains essential to confirm efficacy of oncology drugs and discern variables associated with demonstrated effects.
We are all in this together: The role of individuals’ social identities in problematic engagement with video games and the internet
Authors: Travaglino Giovanni A. , Li Zhuo , Zhang Xingruo , Lu Xian , Choi Hoon‐Seok 
Published: February 2020

Individuals’ engagement with video games and the internet features both social and potentially pathological aspects. In this research, we draw on the social identity approach and present a novel framework to understand the linkage between these two aspects. In three samples (Nstudy1 = 304, Nstudy2 = 160, and Nstudy3 = 782) of young Chinese people from two age groups (approximately 20 and 16 years old), we test the associations between relevant social identities and problematic engagement with video games and the internet. Across studies, we demonstrate that individuals’ identification as ‘gamers’ or ‘frequent internet users’ predicts problematic engagement with video games and the internet through stronger perceived social support from such groups. Moreover, we demonstrate that individuals’ identification as ‘students’ (Studies 2–3) is negatively associated with problematic engagement via social support from other students. Finally, in Study 3, we examine the articulation between social support from these three groups and subjective sense of loneliness. Findings indicate that, whereas perceived support from students is negatively associated with loneliness, the association between perceived support from gamers and internet users and loneliness is weaker and positive. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are discussed. Taken together, the studies highlight the importance of considering the social context of individuals’ problematic engagement with technologies, and the role of different group memberships.
Characterisation of endogenous Claudin‐1 expression, motility and susceptibility to hepatitis C virus in CRISPR knock‐in cells
Authors: Clément Camille M.H. , Deffieu Maika S. , Dorobantu Cristina M. , Baumert Thomas F. , Ayala‐Nunez Nilda Vanesa , Mély Yves , Ronde Philippe , Gaudin Raphael 
Published: February 2020

Background InformationClaudin‐1 (CLDN1) is a four‐span transmembrane protein localised at cell–cell tight junctions (TJs), playing an important role in epithelial impermeability and tissue homoeostasis under physiological conditions. Moreover, CLDN1 expression is up‐regulated in several cancers, and the level of CLDN1 expression has been proposed as a prognostic marker of patient survival.ResultsHere, we generated and characterised a novel reporter cell line expressing endogenous fluorescent levels of CLDN‐1, allowing dynamic monitoring of CLDN‐1 expression levels. Specifically, a hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7.5.1 monoclonal cell line was bioengineered using CRISPR/Cas9 to endogenously express a fluorescent TagRFP‐T protein fused at the N‐terminus of the CLDN1 protein. These cells were proved useful to measure CLDN1 expression and distribution in live cells. However, the cells were resistant to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, of which CLDN1 is a viral receptor, while retaining permissiveness to VSV‐G‐decorated pseudoparticles. Nonetheless, the TagRFP‐CLDN1+/+ cell line showed expected CLDN1 protein localisation at TJs and the cell monolayer had similar impermeability and polarisation features as its wild‐type counterpart. Finally, using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) approaches, we measured that the majority of endogenous and overexpressed TagRFP‐CLDN1 diffuses rapidly within the TJ, whereas half of the overexpressed EGFP‐CLDN1 proteins were stalled at TJs.ConclusionsThe Huh7.5.1 TagRFP‐CLDN1+/+ edited cell line showed physiological features comparable to that of non‐edited cells, but became resistant to HCV infection. Our data also highlight the important impact of the fluorescent protein chosen for endogenous tagging.SignificanceAlthough HCV‐related studies may not be achieved with these cells, our work provides a novel tool to study the cell biology of TJ‐associated proteins and a potential screening strategy measuring CLDN1 expression levels.
Vaccines targeting the primary amino acid sequence and conformational epitope of amyloid‐β had distinct effects on neuropathology and cognitive deficits in EAE/AD mice
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Lin , Zhu Jie , Liu Xiang‐meng , Xu Peng‐xin , Zhang Yue , Liu Rui‐tian 
Published: February 2020

Background and PurposeImmunotherapeutic intervention is one of the most promising strategies for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although they showed great success in AD mouse models, the clinical trials of many immune approaches failed due to low efficacy and safety. Thus, an animal model which can show the potential side effects of vaccines or antibodies is urgently needed. In this study, we generated EAE/AD mice by crossing APP/PS1 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. We then investigated the efficacy and safety of two vaccines: the immunogens of which were Aβ1‐42 aggregates (Aβ42 vaccine) and an oligomer‐specific conformational epitope (AOE1 vaccine), respectively.Experimental ApproachEAE/AD mice were immunized with the Aβ42 vaccine or AOE1 vaccine five times at biweekly intervals. After the final immunization, cognitive function was evaluated by the Morris water maze, Y maze, and object recognition tests. Neuropathological changes in the mouse brains were analysed by immunohistochemistry and ELISA.Key ResultsIn contrast to previous findings in conventional AD animal models, Aβ42 immunization promoted neuroinflammation, enhanced Aβ levels and plaque burden, and failed to restore cognitive deficits in EAE/AD mice. By contrast, AOE1 immunization dramatically attenuated neuroinflammation, reduced Aβ levels, and improved cognitive performance in EAE/AD mice.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese results suggest that the EAE/AD mouse model can exhibit the potential side effects of AD immune approaches that conventional AD animal models fail to display. Furthermore, strategies specifically targeting Aβ oligomers may be safe and show clinical benefit for AD treatment.
The role of astrocytes in oxidative stress of central nervous system: A mixed blessing
Authors: Chen Yaxing , Qin Chen , Huang Jianhan , Tang Xin , Liu Chang , Huang Keru , Xu Jianguo , Guo Gang , Tong Aiping , Zhou Liangxue 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) maintains a high level of metabolism, which leads to the generation of large amounts of free radicals, and it is also one of the most vulnerable organs to oxidative stress. Emerging evidences have shown that, as the key homeostatic cells in CNS, astrocytes are deeply involved in multiple aspects of CNS function including oxidative stress regulation. Besides, the redox level in CNS can in turn affect astrocytes in morphology and function. The complex and multiple roles of astrocytes indicate that their correct performance is crucial for the normal functioning of the CNS, and its dysfunction may result in the occurrence and progression of various neurological disorders. To date, the influence of astrocytes in CNS oxidative stress is rarely reviewed. Therefore, in this review we sum up the roles of astrocytes in redox regulation and the corresponding mechanisms under both normal and different pathological conditions.
The utility of elastography during EBUS‐TBNA in a population with a high prevalence of anthracosis
Authors: Abedini Atefeh , Razavi Fatemeh , Farahani Mehrdad , Hashemi Marzieh , Emami Habib , Mohammadi Forouzan , Kiani Arda 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound elastography, is a pioneer sonographic modality that is conducted during endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) in order to increase the accuracy of sampling location. The current study aims to evaluate the usefulness of elastography during EBUS‐TBNA in a population with a high prevalence of anthracosis.MethodsThis prospective single‐blinded study was performed on 69 lymph nodes (LNs) of patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy undergoing EBUS‐TBNA and EBUS‐elastography from October 2017 to July 2018. The stiffness level of the tissue was translated into a color to demonstrate the hardness of tissue. Blue and total areas of each section were measured to calculate the hardness of each LN.ResultsSixty‐nine LNs were evaluated by elastography. Twenty percent of LNs were malignant. There was a statistical difference between malignant and non‐malignant nodes based on color dominancy (P = 0.032). However, with the exclusion of anthracosis nodes from the analysis, the difference was more significant (P < 0.001). Moreover, when the blue dominancy was used as the predictor of malignancy or anthracosis, the results showed a significant correlation (P < 001).ConclusionThe usefulness of elastography in selecting the hardest area of tissue that is appropriate for diagnosing diseases has been proven previously. Since in countries with a high prevalence of anthracosis, blue color achieved using elastography predicts either malignancy or anthracosis so, cases with blue dominancy of LNs in elastography and the white color in the EBUS‐TBNA indicate anthracosis‐caused calcification should be reconsidered.
An investigation of the association between ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and asthma in Kazakh population
Authors: Akparova Almira , Aripova Akmaral , Abishev Meirzhan , Kazhiyakhmetova Baglan , Pirmanova Ainur , Bersimbaev Rakhmetkazhi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionBeta‐2‐adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) is present in the cells of the respiratory tract, including bronchial smooth muscle cells and bronchial epithelium, and is a target for endogenous catecholamines and drugs used to treat the obstructive lung diseases.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the possible association of the Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms of the ADRB2 gene with asthma and its endophenotypes in the Kazakh population.MethodsA total of 70 asthmatic patients and 80 healthy controls were genotyped for Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms of the ADRB2 gene by using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed with the Graph Pad InStat 7 Software.ResultsNo associations between the asthma patients and healthy individuals were found when the allele and genotype distribution of Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu single nucleotide polymorphisms were compared. Analysis of the haplotype frequencies showed statistically significant differences between patients with asthma and controls for Arg16Gly/Gln27Gln and Arg16Gly/Gln27Glu haplotypes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87‐5.16 and OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 0.89‐5.67 respectively). The Arg16 allele and Arg16Arg genotype frequencies were higher in patients with uncontrolled asthma than in controls (χ2 = 5.17, df = 1, P = 0.02 and χ2 = 5.36, df = 1, P = 0.02 respectively).ConclusionThe results of this study support the possible involvement of Arg16Gly polymorphism in the development of uncontrolled asthma, and indicate that Arg16Gly/Gln27Gln and Arg16Gly/Gln27Glu haplotypes are more common in asthma patients in the Kazakh population.
A learning curve in using orphan liver allografts for transplantation
Authors: Rana Abbas , Joshi Manasi , Price Matthew Brent , Ganni Saif , Bakhtiyar Syed S. , Vierling John M. , Galvan Nhu Thao , Cotton Ronald T. , O'Mahony Christine A. , Kanwal Fasiha , Goss John A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGiven the critical shortage of donor livers, marginal liver allografts have potential to increase donor supply. We investigate trends and long‐term outcomes of liver transplant using national share allografts transplanted after rejection at the local and regional levels. We studied a cohort of 75 050 candidates listed in the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network for liver transplantation between 2002 and 2016. We compared patients receiving national share and regional/local share allografts from 2002‐2006, 2007‐2011, and 2012‐2016, performing multivariate Cox regression for graft survival. Recipient and center‐level covariates that were not significant (P < .05) were removed. Graft survival of national share allografts improved over time. National share allografts had a 26% increased risk for graft failure in 2002‐2006 but no impact on graft survival in 2007‐2011 and 2012‐2016. The cold ischemia time (CIT) of national share allografts decreased from 10.4 to 8.0 hours. We demonstrate that CIT had significant impact on graft survival using national share allografts (CIT <6 hours: hazard ratio 0.75 and CIT >12 hours: hazard ratio 1.25). Despite a trend toward sicker recipients and poorer quality allografts, graft survival outcomes using national share allografts have improved to benchmark levels. Reduction in cold ischemia time is a possible explanation.
Nevus psiloliparus: Newly described histopathological features from transverse sections
Authors: Roman Jorge , Taylor Nicholas A. , Oza Vikash S. , Kim Randie H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNevus psiloliparus is a rare fatty tissue nevus that is a marker for encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis, a neurocutaneous syndrome with ocular and central nervous system anomalies. Clinically, nevus psiloliparus is often described as a congenital alopecia and appears as an irregularly shaped, circumscribed area of alopecia on the scalp. Histopathology demonstrates a near‐complete absence of mature hair follicles with preservation of arrector pili muscles and mature adipocytes within the dermis. The pathogenesis of nevus psiloliparus may be related to mosaic mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. Herein we report the histopathological features of a nevus psiloliparus in an 11‐year‐old girl diagnosed from transverse sections, which show “shadow” follicular units characterized by columns of loosely arranged collagen and a relative paucity of elastic fibers.
921. CALYCANTHUS CHINENSIS
Authors: Lancaster Roy , Rix Martyn 
Published: February 2020

SummaryCalycanthus chinensis (W.C. Cheng & S.Y. Chang) W.C. Cheng & S.Y. Chang ex P.T. Li, is illustrated. Its distribution in China and instructions for its cultivation are given. The other members of the genus Calycanthus are discussed.
931. RHODODENDRON SUOILENHENSE
Authors: Rushforth Keith , Huong Nguyen Thi Thanh , Chamberlain David 
Published: February 2020

SummaryA new species of Rhododendron, R. suoilenhense D.F. Chamberlain, Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong & Rushforth, is described from northern Vietnam and illustrated. Its discovery and distribution are noted. Suggestions for its cultivation are given.
Non‐malignant fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors in pediatric age group: Clues and pitfalls to the cytological diagnosis
Authors: Agarwal Harshita , Singh Lavleen , Gupta Natasha , Sengar Mamta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionFibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors constitute 12% of all pediatric soft tissue tumors with the majority of them belonging to the benign and intermediate prognostic categories. They are often misdiagnosed owing to their variable clinical presentation and unusual microscopic features. The diagnosis, specially cytological diagnosis of benign and intermediate categories is difficult due to paucity of cellular component and increased amount of extracellular matrix as compared to malignant ones. We hereby discuss the Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings of non‐malignant fibroblastic/myofibroblastic lesion in the pediatric age group encountered at our institute.MethodsAll the benign and intermediate fibroblastic/myofibroblastic/fibroadipocytic lesions (age 0‐12 years) diagnosed on FNAC over a period of 3½ years (Jan 2016‐ July 2019), with availability of corresponding histopathology were included in the study.ResultsA total of seven pediatric benign and intermediate fibroblastic/myofibroblastic lesions with histopathological confirmation were identified which included Infantile digital fibromatosis (IDF) (n = 2), Lipofibromatosis (n = 1), Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) (n = 1), Fibromatosis colli (FC) (n = 2) and myofibroma/myofibromatosis (n = 1). FNAC smears were mainly paucicellular with presence of benign spindle shaped cells in a collagenous stroma common to almost all the cases. A few additional findings such as degenerated skeletal muscle fibres, muscle giant cells and mature adipose tissue were also present in some cases.ConclusionFibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors although uncommon, form an important category that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric soft tissue tumors. FNAC cytology features when assessed in a proper clinical setting (specially the age and site of presentation) are helpful in suggesting probable preoperative diagnosis in these lesions.
What are the characteristics of the best type 1 diabetes patient education programmes (from diagnosis to long‐term care), do they improve outcomes and what is required to make them more effective?
Authors: Heller S. R. , Gianfrancesco C. , Taylor C. , Elliott J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe last 20 years have witnessed a marked change in approaches to the management of type 1 diabetes in the UK. This is exemplified by National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance which acknowledges that reaching and maintaining target glucose depends on people with type 1 diabetes effectively implementing flexible intensive insulin therapy. The guidance emphasizes that successful self‐management requires the acquisition of complex skills and is best achieved by participation in high‐quality structured education. Controlled trials and other research have shown that programmes teaching self‐management can lower glucose levels while reducing hypoglycaemia, improve psychological outcomes and are highly cost‐effective. An important principle of successful programmes is therapeutic education in which learning becomes a partnership between the professional and the person with diabetes who learns to fit diabetes into his/her everyday life. Other recommended elements of programmes include a written curriculum, group teaching by a professional multidisciplinary team and quality assurance. Yet many participants struggle post‐course to implement and maintain skills, and overall HbA1c levels, particularly in the UK, remain far from target. Recent studies have identified the barriers to sustained effective self‐management and concluded that even high‐quality programmes generally lack critical components. These include incorporating evidence from behaviour change research, exploiting the promise of new technologies in reducing the burden of self‐management, and providing structured professional support once people have completed the training. Studies are currently underway to evaluate structured training courses which have added these elements and examine whether they can lower glucose to levels closer to target without impairing quality of life.