bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitous NH3 supersonic component in L1688 coherent cores
Authors: Choudhury Spandan , Pineda Jaime E. , Caselli Paola , Ginsburg Adam , Offner Stella S. R. , Rosolowsky Erik , Friesen Rachel K. , Alves Felipe O. , Chacón-Tanarro Ana , Punanova Anna , Redaelli Elena , Kirk Helen , Myers Philip C. , Martin Peter G. , Shirley Yancy , Chun-Yuan Chen Michael , Goodman Alyssa A. , Di Francesco James 
Published: July 2020

Context. Star formation takes place in cold dense cores in molecular clouds. Earlier observations have found that dense cores exhibit subsonic non-thermal velocity dispersions. In contrast, CO observations show that the ambient large-scale cloud is warmer and has supersonic velocity dispersions.
Aims. We aim to study the ammonia (NH3) molecular line profiles with exquisite sensitivity towards the coherent cores in L1688 in order to study their kinematical properties in unprecedented detail.
Methods. We used NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) data from the first data release (DR1) in the Green Bank Ammonia Survey (GAS). We first smoothed the data to a larger beam of 1′ to obtain substantially more extended maps of velocity dispersion and kinetic temperature, compared to the DR1 maps. We then identified the coherent cores in the cloud and analysed the averaged line profiles towards the cores.
Results. For the first time, we detected a faint (mean NH3(1,1) peak brightness < 0.25 K in TMB), supersonic component towards all the coherent cores in L1688. We fitted two components, one broad and one narrow, and derived the kinetic temperature and velocity dispersion of each component. The broad components towards all cores have supersonic linewidths (ℳS ≥ 1). This component biases the estimate of the narrow dense core component’s velocity dispersion by ≈28% and the kinetic temperature by ≈10%, on average, as compared to the results from single-component fits.
Conclusions. Neglecting this ubiquitous presence of a broad component towards all coherent cores causes the typical single-component fit to overestimate the temperature and velocity dispersion. This affects the derived detailed physical structure and stability of the cores estimated from NH3 observations.
The GTC exoplanet transit spectroscopy survey
Authors: Murgas F. , Chen G. , Nortmann L. , Palle E. , Nowak G. 
Published: July 2020

Context. One of the main atmospheric features in exoplanet atmospheres, detectable both from ground- and space-based facilities, is Rayleigh scattering. In hydrogen-dominated planetary atmospheres, Rayleigh scattering causes the measured planetary radius to increase toward blue wavelengths in the optical range.
Aims. We aim to detect and improve our understanding of several features in the optical range observable in planetary atmospheres. We focus on studying transiting exoplanets that present a wide range of orbital periods, masses, radii, and irradiation from their host star.
Methods. We obtained a spectrophotometric time series of one transit of the Saturn-mass planet WASP-69b using the OSIRIS instrument at the Gran Telescopio Canarias. From the data we constructed 19 spectroscopic transit light curves representing 20 nm wide wavelength bins spanning from 515 to 905 nm. We derived the transit depth for each curve individually by fitting an analytical model together with a Gaussian process to account for systematic noise in the light curves.
Results. We find that the transit depth increases toward bluer wavelengths, indicative of a larger effective planet radius. Our results are consistent with space-based measurements obtained in the near infrared using the Hubble Space Telescope, which show a compatible slope of the transmission spectrum. We discuss the origin of the detected slope and argue between two possible scenarios: a Rayleigh scattering detection originating in the planet’s atmosphere or a stellar activity induced signal from the host star.
Testsequenzen für den Praktiker
Authors: Schulze Elke , Kubat Heike 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungSymptome in der kraniozervikalen Region können Hinweise für eine ernsthafte Erkrankung sein. Als Manualtherapeuten eruieren wir mögliche Kontraindikationen einer Intervention, darunter die Anzeichen einer Dysfunktion hirnzuführender Arterien sowie die neurologischen Zeichen einer Blutung oder Ischämie im Gehirn.Für das Symptom akuter Kopfschmerz empfiehlt sich die Verwendung einer Red-Flags-Liste und bei akuten Schwindelbeschwerden die Überprüfung der HINTS-Kriterien (Head Impulse Test, Nystagmus-Test und Test of Skew). Ebenso gibt es Tests für die ligamentäre Stabilität und die intakten Kompensationsmöglichkeiten bei gehaltenen Einstellungen der HWS.Dieser 4. Teil der Artikelreihe beschreibt die sicherheitsrelevanten Aspekte, die Therapeuten sorgfältige überprüfen müssen, bevor sie Nutzen und Risiko einer therapeutischen Intervention abwägen können.
Antenatal Detection of True Knot in the Umbilical Cord – How Accurate Can We Be?
Authors: Weissmann-Brenner Alina , Domniz Noam , Weissbach Tal , Mazaki-Tovi Shalev , Achiron Reuven , Weisz Boaz , Kassif Eran 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Umbilical cord knot (UCK) is associated with increased risk of fetal death, but is usually diagnosed only after delivery. Our objective was to examine the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound in the diagnosis of UCK and the outcomes of these pregnancies.
Methods A prospective study was performed on 56 patients in which UCK was suspected during a routine level-II anatomical scan (study group). Data included demographics, pregnancy outcome, and short-term neonatal follow-up. The control group included pregnant women with normal pregnancy without UCK in a 4:1 ratio matched for gestational age at delivery.
Results True knot was observed postnatally in 54 out of 56 fetuses (detection rate of 96.4 %). Gestational age at diagnosis of UCK was 22.1 ± 3.1 weeks. The female to male ratio was 1:1 in both groups. Maternal age and parity were significantly higher in pregnancies with UCK compared to controls. The mean gestational age at delivery was 37.1 weeks of gestation in the UCK group. There was no difference in the birthweight percentile. 47 patients (87 %) underwent induction of labor. There were no differences in the rate of cesarean section or Apgar scores. No neonate with UCK needed ventilation. None suffered from seizures and none needed brain imaging. There were no cases of fetal or neonatal death in the pregnancies with UCK.
Conclusion There is a high detection rate of UCK during targeted scan of the umbilical cord performed during the level-II anatomical scan. Careful pregnancy follow-up and early term delivery may result in excellent obstetrical outcomes.
Repetitive Head Trauma Induces Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy by Multiple Mechanisms
Authors: Cherry Jonathan D. , Babcock Katharine J. , Goldstein Lee E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExposure to repetitive neurotrauma increases lifetime risk for developing progressive cognitive deficits, neurobehavioral abnormalities, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). CTE is a tau protein neurodegenerative disease first identified in boxers and recently described in athletes participating in other contact sports (notably American football, ice hockey, rugby, and wrestling) and in military veterans with blast exposure. Currently, CTE can only be diagnosed by neuropathological examination of the brain after death. The defining diagnostic lesion of CTE consists of patchy perivascular accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau protein that localize in the sulcal depths of the cerebral cortex. Neuronal abnormalities, axonopathy, neurovascular dysfunction, and neuroinflammation are triggered by repetitive head impacts (RHIs) and likely act as catalysts for CTE pathogenesis and progression. However, the specific mechanisms that link RHI to CTE are unknown. This review will explore two important areas of CTE pathobiology. First, we will review what is known about the biomechanical properties of RHI that initiate CTE-related pathologies. Second, we will provide an overview of key features of CTE neuropathology and how these contribute to abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation, accumulation, and spread.
Montmorency tart cherry juice does not reduce markers of muscle soreness, function and inflammation following professional male rugby League match‐play
Authors: Morehen James C. , Clarke Jon , Batsford Jake , Barrow Stuart , Brown Alexander D. , Stewart Claire E. , Morton James P. , Close Graeme L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRugby League (RL) match‐play causes muscle damage, inflammation and symptoms of fatigue. To facilitate recovery, nutritional interventions are often employed, including Montmorency cherry juice (MC). We assessed the effects of MC on recovery following RL match‐play in eleven male professional RL players who played in two matches (7‐days apart) with MC or placebo (PLB) supplemented for 5‐days pre‐match, matchday and 2‐days post‐match. Blood was collected 48h pre‐match, half‐time, within 30‐mins of full‐time and 48h post‐match to assess Interleukin concentrations (IL‐6, −8 −10). Self‐reported sleep, fatigue, mood, stress, and muscle‐soreness were assessed 24h pre and 24 and 48h post‐matches with muscle function assessed 48h pre and 48h post‐match. No differences in distance covered (6334 ± 1944 Vs 6596 ± 1776m) and total collisions (28 ± 11 Vs 29 ± 13) were observed between both matches. There was a small albeit significant increase in IL‐6, −8 and −10 concentrations pre to post‐match in both PLB (IL‐6: 0.83 ± 0.92 Vs 2.91 ± 1.40, IL‐8: 2.16 ± 1.22 Vs 3.91 ± 1.61 and IL‐10: 2.51 ± 2.14 Vs 0.61 ± 0.50 pg.mL−1) and MC groups (IL‐6: 0.53 ± 0.53 Vs 2.24 ± 1.73, IL‐8: 1.85 ± 0.96 Vs 3.46 ± 1.12 and IL‐10: 0.48 ± 0.50 Vs 2.54 ± 2.10 pg.mL−1), although there were no significant differences between groups (P<0.05). Likewise, there was a small but significant increase in muscle soreness (P=0.01) and reduction in CMJ (P=0.003) with no significant differences between groups. No significant changes in sleep, fatigue or mood (P>0.05) were observed pre to post‐match or between groups. These data suggest MC does not affect the modest changes observed in cytokine responses and markers of recovery from RL match‐play.Keywords: Team Sport, Nutrition, Performance, Recovery
Carbon monoxide interacting with free-electron-laser pulses
Authors: Banks H I B , Hadjipittas A , Emmanouilidou A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study the interaction of a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, carbon monoxide, with a free-electron laser (FEL) pulse. We compute the ion yields and the intermediate states by which the ion yields are populated. We do so using rate equations, computing all relevant molecular and atomic photo-ionisation cross-sections and Auger rates. We find that the charge distribution of the carbon and oxygen ion yields differ. By varying the photon energy, we demonstrate how to control higher-charged states being populated mostly by carbon or oxygen. Moreover, we identify the differences in the resulting ion yields and pathways populating these yields between a homonuclear molecule, molecular nitrogen, and a heteronuclear molecule, carbon monoxide, interacting with an FEL pulse. These two molecules have similar electronic structure. We also identify the proportion of each ion yield which accesses a two-site double-core-hole state and tailor pulse parameters to maximise this proportion.
Round robin test for height valuation methods, LEL and W/3, in China
Authors: Liu Jian , You Xiaoyu , Shi Yushu , Zhang Shu , Wang Yuhang , Yu Xixi , Li Yuan , Wang Yunxiang , Fang Dan , Hao Yanbin , Bian Wei , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Min , Guo Xin , Guo Jiping , Li Ameng , Yan Jiewen , Wei Chun , Guo Tong , Wang Jiuhong , Wang Chenying , Liu Xiaojun , Lei Zili , Chen Yuanliu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the field of optical microscopy, height valuations, or calibrations, are critical to ensure accuracy and traceability. Height assessment, however, may be controversial, particularly for measurements on large steps or narrow grooves. Thus, standard setting and instrument operations are essential. In this paper, the limited energy lost (LEL) method, which is a Chinese solution, and the well-known ISO W/3 method were both applied in a two-year round robin test to verify their theoretical compatibility and promote their corresponding applications throughout China. The results show that the LEL method successfully predicted outlier growth for progressively narrowing grooves. In addition, compared with the W/3 method, 71% of the results from 24 measurements showed improved repeatability when applying the LEL method. This paper supports the LEL method with evidence from a large sample, after its original publishing in 2016 and the subsequent publication, as a key part of China’s standard on confocal microscopy, in 2017. These results indicate that dynamic model-based valuation might be the future trend for 3D optical micro-nano metrology.
Non-invasive analysis of motor neurons controlling the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand
Authors: Tanzarella Simone , Muceli Silvia , Del Vecchio Alessandro , Casolo Andrea , Farina Dario 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective. We present a non-invasive framework for investigating efferent commands to 14 extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles. We extend previous studies (limited to a few muscles) on common synaptic input among pools of motor neurons in a large number of muscles. Approach. Seven subjects performed sinusoidal isometric contractions to complete seven types of grasps, with each finger and with three combinations of fingers in opposition with the thumb. High-density surface EMG (HD-sEMG) signals (384 channels in total) recorded from the 14 muscles were decomposed into the constituent motor unit action potentials. This provided a non-invasive framework for the investigation of motor neuron discharge patterns, muscle coordination and efferent commands of the hand muscles during grasping. Moreover, during grasping tasks, it was possible to identify common neural information among pools of motor neurons innervating the investigated muscles. For this purpose, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the smoothed discharge rates of the decoded motor units. Main results. We found that the first principal component (PC1) of the ensemble of decoded motor neuron spike trains explained a variance of (53.0 ± 10.9) % and was positively correlated with force (R = 0.67 ± 0.10 across all subjects and tasks). By grouping the pools of motor neurons from extrinsic or intrinsic muscles, the PC1 explained a proportion of variance of (57.1 ± 11.3) % and (56.9 ± 11.8) %, respectively, and was correlated with force with R = 0.63 ± 0.13 and 0.63 ± 0.13, respectively. Significance. These observations demonstrate a low dimensional control of motor neurons across multiple muscles that can be exploited for extracting control signals in neural interfacing. The proposed framework was designed for hand rehabilitation perspectives, such as post-stroke rehabilitation and hand-exoskeleton control.
DNA as a semiconductor: Analysis of charge localization
Authors: Mesa L. G. , Garcia-Castro A.C. , Páez C. J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work, we analyze the charge localization in DNA molecules using an effective tight-binding approach that includes the backbone onsite energies. The localization length and participation number are examined as a function of energy dependence. We see that for specific energy ranges, the electronic states spread out into all sites, while in other energy ranges, the probability density is highly concentrated on either the backbone sites or the nucleotide like sites.
Synthesis and characterization of starch stabilized Ag nanoparticles. Effect of the crystalline structure of starch.
Authors: Paola Sanchez-Castañeda M. , Cañon-Ibarra Andres F. , Cruz-Posada Andres F. , Sanchez Leidy T. , Pinzon Magda I. , Villa Cristian C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNps) are known for their antimicrobial activity and other physicochemical properties that can be applied in several fields. Most of their synthesis methods include chemical reduction and the use of stabilizing agents such as starch. In recent years, several green methods have been developed such as using carbohydrates as reducing agents. On the other hand, starch is a semi crystalline structure formed by mixtures of the linear glucan, amylose and the branched glucan amylopectin. In this work we studied the effect of the semi crystalline structure on the physicochemical properties (particle size and surface plasmon resonance). Three types of starch were selected (corn, potato and banana) representing the three types of semi crystalline structures of the starch granule (A, B and C). Results showed that banana starch allowed larger particle sizes and broader size distribution, while there was not significant difference between nanoparticles stabilized with A and B type starches.
Influence of the variation of the experimental conditions when obtaining the TiO2 antireflective thin film
Authors: Montes-Monsalve J.I. , Florez L. A. , Mósquera L. M. , Dorantes-Rodriguez R. , Cruz-Muñoz B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The formation of thin films based on TiO2 plays a fundamental role in research involving solar energy (solar cell and solar thermal collectors) and from the part environmental (photocatalysis-artificial photosynthesis as a source of clean energy). In this sense, our work has focused on the experimental details directed towards the method of obtaining, for which as a precursor salt Titanium Oxyacetylacetonate (IV) (Sigma Aldrich with 90 % purity) it has been used dissolved in methyl alcohol (Fisher Chemical with 99.8% purity) in 0.05 M molar concentration. The effect on deposited films was studied by varying airflow (2 L/min - 6 L/min) and substrate temperature (150 °C - 450 °C). For the Optical and structural characterization was used UV-VIS spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. From the analysis of the results was determined the energy band gap with values around 3.5 eV for all films. The Anatase phase with tetragonal structure was find it, refined using the Rietveld method that determined network parameters of a = 3.807617 Å, b = 3.807617 Å, c = 9.547797 Å, the thickness of the films ranged in a range between 70 nm - 150 nm whose values depended on the deposit conditions. The previous evidence allows concluding that this material can be used as an anti-reflective layer to be implemented in solar collectors.
An Analysis and Comparison Performance of DNA and Chaotic Method Combination for Image Encryption
Authors: Saputra V , Setiadi D R I M , Rachmawanto E H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is a variety of important and personal information stored in an image that is often shared via the internet. Cryptography is one way to protect these image files, so that private information cannot be read by malicious third parties. The DNA and Chaos methods are one of the cryptographic methods that are widely proposed and combined. Some previous research proposes a combination of these two methods with a sequence of different methods and different testing techniques where all the research claims the results are very good. This research aims to analyze and compare the performance of two methods namely DNA-Chaos and Chaos-DNA with more complete measurement tools such as PSNR and SSIM to measure results visually, there is also entropy to measure the probability of encryption results can be solved, NPCR and UACI to find out encryption strength from differential attacks and image histogram analysis. From the test results, it appears that both methods have their own strengths and weaknesses. Chaos-DNA is superior in entropy, and UACI, while DNA-Chaos is superior in PSNR, SSIM and NPCR values, but the difference is not significant, so it can be said that the performance of the two methods is quite identical. The results of the histogram analysis also showed that the shape of the histogram generated from the encrypted image was also quite similar.
Identification the Maturity Level of Carica Papaya Using the K-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Suban I B , Paramartha A , Fortwonatus M , Santoso A J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe agricultural sector plays an essential role in economic growth in Indonesia. It can see from the grouping of economic activities. In the grouping of economic activities, the agricultural sector is classified in the primary sector. Determination of proper maturity at harvest is essential to get good quality fruit. Overripe fruits tend to be softer and more chewy and produce a bland taste. This research aims to assist papaya farmers in recognizing the maturity level of papaya so that they can effectively determine the maturity level of the papaya fruit. The method used in this research is the K-Nearest Neighbor method. The success rate of identification of papaya fruit maturity obtained using the K-Nearest Neighbor learning method with a success rate of 100%. From the identification results obtained, produce two outputs that are 100% unripe and 100% ripe.
Comparison of EMD, VMD and EEMD Methods in Respiration Wave Extraction Based on PPG Waves
Authors: Hadiyoso S , Dewi E M , Wijayanto I 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Plethysmographic (PPG) wave analysis can provide interesting information including heart rate and oxygen saturation. Since PPG signals are modulated by breathing waves, further analysis can provide additional information that is the respiration rate (RR). This is a way to simplify sensor devices. This paper discusses a respiration wave extraction mechanism to calculate RR using the signal decomposition approach. Decomposition methods which are applied in this study include empirical mode decomposition (EMD), variational mode decomposition (VMD) and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). This paper specifically addresses the performance of EEMD to EMD and VMD. This proposed method has been tested on an open PPG dataset (containing PPG and RR wave signals). Test results on 20 PPG signals, each of which had a duration of 1 minute showed that the EEMD was able to estimate the RR with an accuracy of more than 90% with an average error rate of 1 rate/minute.
IT Governance Audit and Determination of Work Priorities Using Analytical Hierarchy Process: Case Study the Government of North Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Arief A , Natsir D , Khairan A , Sensuse D I 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the planning stage of IT Governance, there are problems that are found, namely, how to recommend an order of improvement for given work priorities so that it matches the needs of the existing conditions. The goal to be achieved is to be able to provide recommendations in order of work priority, using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of the study are work priority recommendations that can be used as material for consideration at the ICT Department in the Government North Maluku, Indonesia. The results of the analysis give the 1st recommendation is the optimization of information technology utilization ranks highest with AHP score of 0.172, 2nd for improving the quality of apparatus resources with AHP score of 0.147, office administration services with a score of 0.119, third-order, improvement of communication and information and the use of mass media with a score of 0.117, and the last one is increasing the quality of public services with a score of 0.116. So that the recommendations for improvement in the order of work priorities can be an IT governance guide in the Government of North Maluku to move forward.