bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances of Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Photon Upconversion Systems
Authors: Li Chengxi , Duan Pengfei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Upconverted circularly polarized luminescence (UC-CPL) is coined by combining two individual concepts of photon upconversion (UC) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). It has exhibited great performance and potential applications in various fields, arousing enormous attention from scientists. The emergence, amplification and modulation of UC-CPL can be adjusted through regulation of the UC process and assembled state of emitters. Benefitting from the abundant upconverted photoluminescence mechanisms, we can flexibly build UC-CPL systems with distinct properties. In addition, based on different photophysical processes, the circular polarization of some UC-CPL can be promoted. Furthermore, the practical application of UC-CPL has been confirmed in enantioselective photopolymerization. Thus, in this review, we will briefly highlight the recent development and advances of UC-CPL. We envisage providing a guide for the development of those remarkable chiroptical materials.
Drought Analysis Based on the Information Diffusion and Fractal Technology: A Case Study of Winter Wheat in China
Authors: Yao Jian-bin , Liu Jian-hua , Ma Hui-jie , Pan Hong-wei 
Published: December 2020

HighlightsThere is no good correlation between meteorological drought and crop drought.The data series of meteorological drought and crop drought at the same time have fractal characteristics.Fractal theory can be used to predict the next drought year.Abstract.Drought is one of the natural disasters of global concern. Drought forecasting is an important tool for drought management. Uncertainty is a major challenge in drought forecasting. In order to provide a short-term effective drought prediction, this study provides a new point into drought prediction from the timing-prediction perspective. The key part of this essay lies in its fractal theoretical framework guided by the self-similarity principle, which fully considers the complexity, disorder and regularity of agricultural drought. At the same time, information diffusion theory is used to polish the raw data, especially some data about winter wheat in Zhengzhou in China. The results as follows: 1) the change trend of drought in the study region is consistent with the past; 2) the time of meteorological drought, summer maize does not necessarily lead to drought, but most timing prediction work is consistent, they have shared the similar cyclical changing-laws; and 3) the occurring time of the next drought calculated is consistent with the actual observation results. Therefore, the method established in this study is effective, and it can provide some reference for the prediction of agricultural drought outbreak time. Keywords: Crop drought, Fractal theory, Information diffusion, Meteorological drought, Winter wheat.
Noise Source Identification of the Grain Combining Harvester Based on Acoustic Array Test
Authors: Shang Yujun , Wang Chenglong , Xu Hongmei , Liu Shuang , Jiang Wei , Dong Jiajun 
Published: December 2020

HIGHLIGHTSWe tested the noise of a grain combining harvester using a spiral acoustic array, aiming to identify its main sources and reduce its noise level.The noise of the harvester is mainly concentrated in the frequency range of 1 to 4 kHz.When the power of other devices is cut off, engine is the main noise source. While all devices are in normal working condition, the main source of noise is the header device and the intermediate conveying device.Abstract. The grain combine harvester is an important agricultural equipment with multiple functions of harvesting, threshing, separating, cleaning and grain gathering. As an instantaneous physical pollution, noise has become one of the main causes of modern civilization diseases. The noise generated by the operation of harvesters not only causes harm to the workers, but also leads to environmental noise pollution. Here, we tested the noise of a grain combine harvester using a spiral acoustic array, aiming to identify its main source by noise source identification technology based on the sound pressure distribution and reduce its noise level. The test results show that the noise of the harvester is mainly concentrated in the frequency range of 1 to 4 kHz. When the power of other devices is cut off, the engine is the main noise source, while under normal working conditions of all devices, the main source of noise is the header device and the intermediate conveying device on the front side of the harvester, the threshing device on the rear side, the engine and the threshing device on the left side, and the engine and the header device on the right side. Keywords: Acoustic array technology, Grain combining harvester, Noise source identification, Vibration and noise reduction.
Research Progress on Variable-Rate Spraying Technology in Orchards
Authors: Gu Chenchen , Wang Xiu , Wang Xiaole , Yang Fuzeng , Zhai Changyuan 
Published: December 2020

HighlightsReview the research status of variable-rate spraying technology and point out the direction for the future researchDiscussed the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques to detect canopy volume and canopy biomassThe air speed and volume adjustment need to be controlled based on the canopy detection systemAbstract. Variable-rate pesticide application in orchards aims to solve the problems of low pesticide utilization rates and serious environmental pollution in traditional pesticide applications. In this article, we have reviewed the research status of the technology to point out the direction for future research. Orchard tree canopy volume detection, biomass detection, and variable-rate spraying control methods were systematically summarized and analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of different sensing techniques for detecting canopy volume and canopy biomass have been discussed. Canopy volume is mainly detected by ultrasonic sensors and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors. Canopy biomass detection can be realized by manual, ultrasonic sensors, LiDAR sensors, and other sensors. Variable-rate spraying control is in two parts: liquid flow rate regulation and air supply rate regulation. In order to determine the volume of the liquid variable-spray, the variable air supply of air-assisted sprayer has been proven to be important. Liquid flow regulation can be achieved by pipeline pressure control and nozzle flow rate control together with a series of algorithms. The direction of air supply is easy to determine, but the air speed and volume adjustment need to be controlled based on the canopy detection system. Finally, future research on variable-rate spraying technology should focus on: 1) the application of advanced sensing technology for accurate and real-time measurement of canopy volume and biomass, 2) accurate control algorithms for liquid flow rate regulation and methods for airflow regulation, and 3) design of variable-rate sprayers with both liquid and air regulations, and the establishment of different types of variable-rate models for different sprayer types. Keywords: Air supply rate regulation, Canopy biomass detection, Canopy volume detection, Liquid flow rate regulation, Orchard, Variable-rate spraying.
Examining Whether Student Participation in School-Sponsored Extracurricular Activities Is Represented in IEPs
Authors: Agran Martin , Dymond Stacy , Rooney-Kron Magen , Martin James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which extracurricular activities are included in Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) of secondary age students with intellectual disability (ID). Student characteristics (grade, disability, use of augmentative and alternative communication) were examined to explore potential group differences. Participants were 498 special education teachers who had at least one student with ID on their caseload who had participated in a school sponsored extracurricular activity. Data were collected through an online questionnaire sent to members of a national listserv for transition professionals. Findings reveal that 63.69% (n = 314) of teachers reported they included information about extracurricular activities in the IEP; however, only 59.61% (n = 186) of these teachers also reported their student worked on IEP goals during extracurricular activities. Student characteristics were related to the presence of extracurricular activities in the IEP, number of IEP goals students worked on during extracurricular activities, student's most important IEP goal, and whether students received instruction on their most important IEP goal during extracurricular activities.
The Impact of Home and Community Based Settings (HCBS) Final Settings Rule Outcomes on Health and Safety
Authors: Friedman Carli 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite physically relocating into the community, many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) fail to be meaningfully included in the community. The Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) Settings Rule was introduced to expand community integration, person-centered services, and choice. The aim of this exploratory study is to examine the potential impact of HCBS Settings Rule implementation, specifically by examining how the presence of HCBS Settings Rule outcomes impact three areas of health and safety. We analyzed secondary Personal Outcome Measures data relating to the HCBS Settings Rule, and emergency room visits, abuse and neglect, and injuries data from 251 people with IDD. Findings indicate a clear need to improve HCBS Settings Rule related areas of people's lives.
A Systematic Literature Review of Interventions to Improve Work-Related Social Skills of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Whittenburg Holly N. , Taylor Joshua P. , Thoma Colleen A. , Pickover Gabrielle S. , Vitullo Vivian E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPeople with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience impairments in social communication, which may affect their ability to develop social skills necessary for successful employment. It is unclear which types of interventions have been used to teach specific work-related social skills to people with ASD and what the overall effectiveness of those interventions has been. This article reviewed the literature on interventions targeting improvement in work-related social skills of people with ASD. Database searches yielded 1,140 articles; 14 articles met inclusion criteria. Interventions that incorporated several common elements (e.g., modeling, rehearsals, feedback) or used visually-based, technological approaches resulted in improved work-related social skills. However, high-quality research is needed, as is research that occurs in competitive, integrated workplace settings.
Single-shot observation of breathers from noise-induced modulation instability using heterodyne temporal imaging
Authors: Lebel Alexandre , Tikan Alexey , Randoux Stephane , Suret Pierre , Copie Francois 
Published: December 2020

We report phase and amplitude measurements of large coherent structures originating from the noise-induced modulation instability in optical fibers. By using a specifically designed time-lens system (SEAHORSE) in which aberrations are compensated, the complex field is recorded in single-shot over long durations of 200 ps with sub-picosecond resolution. Signatures of Akhmediev breather-like patterns are identified in the ultrafast temporal dynamics in very good agreement with numerical predictions based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Hand hygiene intervention to optimize helminth infection control: Design and baseline results of Mikono Safi–An ongoing school-based cluster-randomised controlled trial in NW Tanzania
Authors: Makata Kenneth , Kinung’hi Safari , Hansen Christian , Ayieko Philip , Sichalwe Simon , Mcharo Onike , Ensink Jeroen , Dreibelbis Robert , Rockowitz Sarah , Okello Elialilia , Grosskurth Heiner , Kapiga Saidi 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionSoil transmitted helminths (STH) can affect over 50% of children in some parts of Tanzania. Control measures involve annual deworming campaigns in schools, but re-infection is rapid. This paper presents the design and baseline survey results of an ongoing school-based cluster-randomised controlled trial in Kagera region, NW Tanzania. The trial aims to determine whether the effect of routine deworming on the prevalence ofAscaris lumbricoidesandTrichuris trichiurainfections among school aged children can be sustained when combined with a behaviour change intervention promoting handwashing with water and soap.MethodsAs part of the trial, a total of 16 schools were randomised to receive the intervention (N = 8) or as controls (N = 8). Randomisation was stratified per district and restricted to ensure pre-trial STH prevalence was balanced between study arms. The combination intervention to be tested comprises class-room based teacher-led health education, improvement of handwash stations, coloured nudges to facilitate handwashing and parental engagement sessions. The impact evaluation involves two cross-sectional surveys conducted at baseline and endline. The objectives of the baseline survey were: (i) to confirm whether the deworming campaign was successful, and identify and treat students still infected about 2 weeks after deworming, (ii) to document any baseline differences in STH prevalence between trial arms, and (iii) to assess handwashing behaviours, and access to water and sanitation at school and home. We randomly sampled 35 students per class in Grades 1–6 (an average of 200 children per school), stratified to ensure equal representation between genders. Assenting students were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and asked to provide a stool specimen.ResultsResults of the baseline survey conducted about 2 weeks after deworming shows balanced demographic and STH prevalence data across trial arms. We observed a low prevalence of ascariasis (< 5%) as expected; however, the prevalence of trichuriasis was still about 35% in both arms.ConclusionThe randomisation procedure was successful in achieving a balanced distribution of demographic characteristics and helminth infections between trial arms. The intervention is being rolled out. The current deworming treatment regimen may need to be revised with regards to the treatment of trichuriasis.
Prevalence, socio-demographic and environmental determinants of asthma in 4621 Ghanaian adults: Evidence from Wave 2 of the World Health Organization’s study on global AGEing and adult health
Authors: Aheto Justice Moses K. , Udofia Emilia A. , Kallson Eugene , Mensah George , Nadia Minicuci , Nirmala Naidoo , Chatterji Somnath , Kowal Paul , Biritwum Richard , Yawson Alfred E. 
Published: December 2020

Background
A previous multi-site study involving lower- and middle-income countries demonstrated that asthma in older adults is associated with long-term exposure to particulate matter, male gender and smoking. However, variations may occur within individual countries, which are relevant to inform health promoting policies as populations live longer. The present study estimates asthma prevalence and examines the sociodemographic characteristics and environmental determinants associated with asthma in older adults in Ghana.

Methods
This study utilised data from the nationally representative World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Ghana Wave 2. A final sample of 4621 individuals residing in 3970 households was used in analytical modelling. Factors associated with asthma were investigated using single level and multilevel binary logistic regression models.

Results
Asthma was reported by 102 (2.2%) respondents. Factors associated with asthma in the univariate model were: those aged 60–69 (OR = 5.22, 95% CI: 1.24, 21.95) and 70 or more (OR = 5.56, 95% CI: 1.33, 23.26) years, Ga-Adangbe dialect group (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.71), no religion (OR = 3.59, 95% CI: 1.77, 7.28), having moderate (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.75) and bad/very bad (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.58, 4.80) health state, and severe/extreme difficulty with self-care (OR = 3.49, 95% CI: 1.23, 9.88) and non-flush toilet facility (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.99). Factors independently associated with asthma in the adjusted models were: those aged 60–69 (OR = 4.49, 95% CI: 1.03, 19.55) years, father with primary education or less (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.94), no religion (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.18, 5.41), and households with non-flush toilet facility (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.96). Significant residual household-level variation in asthma was observed. Over 40% of variance in asthma episodes could be attributable to residual household-level variations.

Conclusion
Individual as well as household factors were seen to influence the prevalence of asthma in this national survey. Clinical management of these patients in health facilities should consider household factors in addition to individual level factors.
Minecraft en el aprendizaje de habilidades sociales para personas con trastorno del espectro del autismo
Authors: Villén De Arribas Mayca 
Published: December 2020

Los videojuegos, hoy en día, suponen la forma de entretenimiento más extendida de la sociedad actual. Partir de este interés general para elaborar nuevas terapias y nuevos enfoques que aprovechen al máximo nuestras capacidades, por diferentes que sean, es la base de esta investigación.
Este artículo presenta una descripción científica y analiza la mejora de las habilidades sociales que presentan un grupo de personas con trastorno del espectro del autismo gracias a la creación de un club basado en el videojuego Minecraft. Los participantes fueron 27 usuarios y sus familiares, con edades comprendidas entre los 8 y los 20 años. Utilizamos un diseño cuasiexperimental con metodología cualitativa. El desarrollo se ha basado en tres dimensiones e indicadores atendiendo a diferentes instrumentos. Para analizar los objetivos de las dimensiones aplicamos la prueba de Wilcoxon a los test presentados a los socios del club, análisis de las interacciones y grupo de discusión de los profesionales que han intervenido en el estudio, además del análisis del Cuestionario de Evaluación sobre el Club Minecraft (cecm), que ha contado con la participación de las familias.
Concluimos que los usuarios muestran una motivación por el videojuego que favorece el aprendizaje de habilidades nuevas, además de ser divertido, por lo que se demuestra que el uso de Minecraft presenta una eficacia terapéutica para el aprendizaje de habilidades sociales en personas con tea.
Researching the emerging impacts of open data: revisiting the ODDC conceptual framework
Authors: Davies Tim , Perini Fernando 
Published: December 2020

Open data has rapidly moved from being a niche interest, to being part of the global policy mainstream. Government-led open data initiatives have spread across the globe, and civil society or technologist experiments using data to improve governance have been spreading organically, from budget monitoring in Nigeria, to court transparency projects in Argentina. It is increasingly seen as enabler of a “data revolution” in the process of decision-making and accountability. However, understanding how experience of open data will vary from country to country and context to context, and, understanding the common features of open data that are shaping its implementation in these diverse settings, requires broad-based research framework. It requires research that can engage with both existing realities of decision-making in sectors, acknowledging the growing complexity of this process in an increasingly networked society. In this paper we have reviewed the framework of the “Open Data in Developing Countries”(ODDC) project, the largest research project on the impact of open data in developing countries to date. The framework was designed to help explore the link between openness in the data ecosystem, decentralized changes in decision-making, and positive and negative emerging impacts such as transparency and accountability, inclusion and empowerment as well as innovation and economic development. It was tested to generate cross-learning from 17 in-depth cases studies in 14 countries, as well as generate policy-relevant findings. This paper reviews and updates the original framework based on the findings and reflections developed during the research project.
Cybercafés and their potential as Community Development Tools in India
Authors: Haseloff Anikar Michael 
Published: December 2020

The following article examines the role of Cybercafés in urban, semiurban and suburban areas of India. Cybercafés have become an important access point for different urban communities in India, and the paper discusses their role in an urban development context.
To examine the role of Cybercafés, a broad quantitative and qualitative analysis of cybercafes has been made in different urban, semiurban and suburban areas in India, including a user survey of 1500 users and 30 interviews.
This paper discusses some of the findings, shows some up to date trends of the Indian Cybercafe Scene and shows some interesting potentials that Cybercafés in urban areas have to serve different communities.
Community Organizations in the Information Age: A study of community intermediaries in Canada
Authors: Rideout Prof. Vanda , Reddick Dr. Andrew , O'Donnell Dr. Susan , McIver, Jr. Dr. William , Kitchen Sandy , Milliken Mary 
Published: December 2020

The aim of the Community Intermediaries Research Project (CIRP) was to investigate the social challenges and needs addressed by Canadian non-profit community-based organizations, the social and community contexts in which they operate, and the information and services they provide to citizens. These organizations are “community intermediaries” because they act as links between the various levels of government (federal, provincial, and municipal) and citizens, providing social services and information to their clients and communities.The CIRP research team used a case-study, mixed methods approach. In-depth case studies of four types of community organizations in different parts of Canada were performed. These employed: onsite observations; in-depth interviews with managerial and staff members; focus group discussions with staff (paid staff and volunteers) and with clients; and self-directed surveys with the organization’s staff, volunteers and clients. Quantitative analysis produced in-depth community profiles using secondary Statistics Canada census data. Data were also gathered from the various forms of content generated by the organizations to deliver the services and information they provide to their respective clients (web pages, pamphlets, newsletters, etc.).This is an invited re-publication of the CIRP final report .
El rol de los telecentros comunitarios en las comunidades indígenas de Sololà, Guatemala
Authors: Tuy Vilma 
Published: December 2020

Desde hace muchos años saber utilizar la computadora en las oficinas era un conocimiento requerido para las personas, en los mercados laborales. En nuestras escuelas rurales, las necesidades básicas aun no están cubiertas, existen muchas escuelas en donde los niños reciben sus enseñanzas en condiciones deplorables. Tener una escuela rural en donde exista un laboratorio que permita el aprendizaje sobre los medios electrónicos de comunicación, es sencillamente un sueño que esta lejano a la realidad. En nuestros países tercermundistas, la inversión social se destina a cubrir las necesidades más vitales de la población y la inversión en infraestructura para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las tecnologías de información y comunicación, ocupan los últimos lugares en la escala de prioridades.Este artículo presenta la situación en las comunidades indígenes de Sololá, en Guatemala, a la luz de lo mencionado.