bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Requirements in Critical Illness: Do We Really Know Why to Give So Much?
Authors: Leyderman Ilya , Yaroshetskiy Andrey , Klek Stanislaw 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe protein and energy requirements of critically ill patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs) have been actively discussed recently. Currently published clinical recommendations and reviews suggest significant increases of protein provision to 2–2.5 g/kg/d in some populations of ICU patients. However, a detailed analysis of the main sources of these recommendations reveals a number of serious contradictions, as well as an absence of obvious evidence supporting the allotment of high doses of protein. We went through these recommendations and reviewed cited articles and other studies, and we have separated our arguments against excessive protein provision into sections.
Element composition of soils to assess the success of wetland restoration
Authors: Wang Guodong , Jiang Ming , Wang Ming , Xue Zhenshan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to assess if wetland restoration is associated with a directional shift in soil element concentration toward the original prefarming status in the peatlands of northeastern China. The concentrations of 55 soil elements and related environmental factors including organic matter content, electrical conductivity, and pH were investigated in natural, restored, and farmed wetlands in the Xingkai Lake Watershed of northeastern China. All but four of the soil element concentrations varied by wetland type (natural, restored, and farmed wetlands), and the soil concentrations of 41 elements increased from natural to restored to farmed wetlands. Soil organic matter and electrical conductivity explained 87.8% and 3.3% of the variation in element concentration based on ordination analysis using redundancy analysis. Both nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis and cluster analysis indicated that the restored wetlands had a higher similarity with the farmed wetlands than the natural wetlands. Our findings suggest that restoration led to an increase in soil organic matter content and shifts in level of element concentration that was more similar to natural wetlands. However, differences remained so that the biogeochemistry of restored wetlands was not the same as the original prefarming level. This information is very important for wetland restoration, because to be successful, not only biodiversity and hydrology, but also the soil element composition and biogeochemistry need to be restored. Our approach can be used to assess the success of wetland restoration.
Childhood tonsillectomy alters the primary distribution of HPV‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Altenhofen Brannon , DeWees Todd A. , Ahn Ji W. , Yeat Nai C. , Goddu Shreya , Chen Ishita , Lewis James S. , Thorstad Wade L. , Chole Richard A. , Gay Hiram A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated how tonsillectomy during childhood may influence the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) positive cancer of the tonsils in adult life using p16 as a surrogate marker for HPV infection.Study DesignRetrospective observational study.MethodsA total of 280 patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and known p16 status were eligible for this study. Each participant was called to obtain the childhood tonsillectomy history. Respondents were subgrouped by p16 status and the primary tumor location. Patient demographic and clinical information was analyzed for association with Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Location of tumor was modeled using univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) logistic regression with associated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsOf the 280 patients, 115 (41%) were respondents: 104 (90.4%) were p16 positive and 11 (9.6%) were p16 negative. For p16 positive patients, we observed a majority (93%) of intact tonsils in those with tonsil cancer, compared to 45% of intact tonsils in patients with p16 positive cancer elsewhere in the oropharynx (P < .001). MVA logistic regression showed that female gender (OR = 4.16, P = .0675), prior smoking history (OR = 2.6, P = .0367), and intact tonsils (OR = 15.2, P < .0001) were associated with tonsillar OPSCC.ConclusionWe found that patients with p16 positive OPSCC at a non‐tonsil site were much more likely to have had prior tonsillectomy vs those with p16 positive OPSCC arising within the tonsil. Nevertheless, we do not advocate tonsillectomies as a public health policy to reduce HPV‐related OPSCC.Level of Evidence6
Should we be sampling zooplankton at night?
Authors: Doubek Jonathan P. , Goldfarb Sadye K. , Stockwell Jason D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLimnologists generally sample during the day. Consequently, many estimates of lake ecosystem processes are derived from daytime samples. Zooplankton, which play critical roles in many such processes, are typically sampled during the day in the pelagic zone, although they commonly exhibit diel vertical and horizontal migration. Demographic estimates using day pelagic sampling may be biased depending on the type and extent of migration. We compiled 870 paired night‐day zooplankton samples from the literature and found that crustacean zooplankton had, on average, 255% and 125% greater density and biomass, respectively, at night compared to day. Although limnologists have been aware that night zooplankton estimates are often higher than day estimates, our results provide quantitative estimates of the differences. Such underestimates from daytime sampling are alarming and call into question ecological rate processes derived from sampling zooplankton during the day.
Antenna sensitivity variation depending on the installation of a shield can
Authors: Park Donghee , Jeon Jihwan , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis letter investigates antenna sensitivity with various installations of a shield can. A commonly used shield can, which is widely used to mitigate electromagnetic interference (EMI) in electronic devices, will produce a spurious resonance by the gap between the shield can and the ground when the shield can is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) with only a few soldering points. A noise source is simulated as a loop‐type circuit on the ground to model the digital noise produced in an actual device. The installation methods of the shield can is discussed to verify the performance of the antenna sensitivity. In the analysis, the spurious resonance from the shield can is an important factor to the coupling between the antenna and the noise source. A high sensitivity antenna can be achieved by modifying the installation of the shield can. The measurement of a commercial WiFi module is also conducted to demonstrate experimental antenna sensitivity.
The impact of attachment security on death preparation in advanced cancer: The role of couple communication
Authors: Mah Kenneth , Shapiro Gilla K. , Hales Sarah , Rydall Anne , Malfitano Carmine , An Ekaterina , Nissim Rinat , Li Madeline , Zimmermann Camilla , Rodin Gary 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveAttachment security protects psychological well‐being in patients with advanced cancer, but its effect on death preparation in this population has not been demonstrated. We examined the relationship of attachment security to death preparation in advanced cancer and tested whether couple communication mediates this relationship and whether gender and age moderate this mediating effect, using longitudinal data from a psychotherapy trial.MethodsPatients with advanced cancer who lived with a partner (Nbaseline = 289) completed measures of attachment security (attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety), couple communication, and death preparation (preparation for end of life, life completion) and attendant health involvement (relationship with healthcare provider). A moderated mediation model was evaluated at each time period (baseline, 3 months, and 6 months).ResultsCouple communication mediated the relationship of attachment security to preparation for end of life and life completion (b's = −.06 to −.10). Anxiety × Gender effects on baseline couple communication (P's = .016) indicated that women with greater attachment anxiety reported worse communication than their male counterparts. Couple‐communication × Gender × Age effects on baseline preparation for end of life (P = .007‐.020) suggested that women showed better preparation with better couple communication. Younger patients reported less preparation than older patients, especially with poorer communication, but their preparation increased with better communication, especially in younger men.ConclusionsAttachment security supports death preparation in advanced cancer partly through better couple communication. Couple‐based psychotherapeutic interventions, especially for younger individuals and women with attachment anxiety, may facilitate constructive conversations and death preparation.
Impact of Informative Context’s Meaning Consistency During Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Lowell Randy , Pender Kaitlyn Wade , Binder Katherine S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe authors examined the influence of context meaning consistency on incidental vocabulary acquisition during reading. Context meaning consistency refers to informational context that reflected the same meaning (i.e., consistent) or different meanings (i.e., inconsistent) across two self‐paced reading sessions for a given item (both sessions on the same day). The first sentence of each sentence‐pair item contained informational context, and the second sentence contained a target word (novel target or known control). Acquisition was assessed via surprise memory tests given right after the reading sessions (immediate) and again approximately a week later (delayed). Inconsistent context was generally associated with inflated reading times and less recall than consistent context, and retention was particularly low when the first encounter with the novel target was during the second reading session. Self‐paced reading times were also particularly inflated in the second reading session for items in which readers encountered the novel word version of the target for the first time (i.e., known control encountered during the first reading session instead). Acquisition was facilitated most for novel targets that were presented during both reading sessions in consistent meaning context, but suffered the most in the case of consistent context and the novel target initially encountered in the second session. When presented with different meanings for the same novel target across self‐paced reading sessions (inconsistent context condition), the intended meaning for the initial presentation was more likely to remain in memory.
Glimmers of Care: Attending to the Affective Everyday in Ninth‐Grade Literacy Classrooms
Authors: Garcia Antero , Guggenheim Aaron , Stamatis Kristina , Dalton Bridget 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this qualitative study, the authors examined how care was enacted, understood, and valued by teachers and students in nine ninth‐grade English language arts classrooms. Following two yearlong cohorts of teachers, the authors explored sociopolitical interpretations of care, specifically focusing on how care was an everyday, political phenomenon in the classrooms. Drawing on observations, teacher and student surveys and interviews, and students’ multimodal compositions and artifacts, the authors analyzed glimmers of affect within and across classrooms. The authors framed their findings around two vignettes to illustrate how clusters of analytic glimmers revealed three dimensions of political, everyday care in the classrooms. First, care was shaped by the structures of space and pedagogy in classrooms, such as the requirements imposed on student composition. Second, the manipulation of the actual space of classrooms—the positioning of desks and bodies—shaped care. Finally, the materiality and modality of student production in classrooms highlighted both the platforms on which students demonstrated forms of care and the authoring decisions they made. The authors conclude with specific suggestions for using glimmers as a methodological approach in other affective studies and for designing classrooms that provide avenues for students to shape the enactments of care in classrooms.
Harnessing the Power of Young Readers’ Perceptions to Support Motivation
Authors: Erickson Joy Dangora , Condie Cami , Wharton‐McDonald Ruth 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe authors share findings from a study that incorporated two types of participatory interview approaches (conversational drawing interviews and walking tour interviews) to elicit young students’ (K–2) motivation‐related perceptions of a reading intervention to better understand and support their motivation for doing reading in the program. All 14 students shared perceived benefits of intervention participation, and 10 students shared perceived costs. For five students, the perceived costs appeared to outweigh the perceived benefits; these students reported that if allowed to choose, they would not participate in the reading intervention. A perceived lack of autonomy within the intervention was a common theme woven through these students’ responses. Given the connection between motivation and achievement, the authors emphasize the importance of eliciting students’ motivation‐related perceptions of reading instruction and offer suggestions for probing young students’ understandings.
Mechanisms of peptide and phosphoester hydrolysis catalyzed by two promiscuous metalloenzymes (insulin degrading enzyme and glycerophosphodiesterase) and their synthetic analogues
Authors: Hu Qiaoyu , Jayasinghe‐Arachchige Vindi M. , Sharma Gaurav , Serafim Leonardo F. , Paul Thomas J. , Prabhakar Rajeev 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe hydrolysis of extremely stable peptide and phosphoester bonds by metalloenzymes is of great interest in biotechnology and industry. However, due to various shortcomings only a handful of these enzymes have been used for industrial applications. Therefore, in the last two decades intensive scientific efforts have been made in rational development of small molecules to imitate the activities of natural enzymes. Despite these efforts, their currently available synthetic analogues are inferior in terms of selectivity, catalytic rate, and turnover and the designing of efficient artificial metalloenzymes remains a distant goal. This is a challenging area of research that necessitates a rigorous integration between experiments and theory. The realization of this goal requires knowledge of the catalytic activities of both enzymes and their existing analogues and an effective fusion of that knowledge. This article reviews several studies in which a plethora of computational techniques have been successfully employed to investigate the functioning of two chemically promiscuous mono‐ and binuclear metalloenzymes (insulin degrading enzyme and glycerophosphodiesterase) and two synthetic analogues. These studies will help us derive fundamental principles of peptide and phosphoester hydrolysis and pave the way to design efficient small molecule catalysts for these reactions.This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Serum CXCL13 levels are associated with lymphoma risk and lymphoma occurrence in primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors:   UK primary Sjögren’s syndrome registry, Traianos Emmanuella Young , Locke James , Lendrem Dennis , Bowman Simon , Hargreaves Ben , Macrae Victoria , Tarn Jessica Rachael , Ng Wan-Fai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrimary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by an increased risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) development. Ectopic germinal centre (GC) in the salivary gland is associated with increased NHL risk in pSS, and the chemokine CXCL13 is implicated in B-cell migration and GC formation. Serum CXCL13 concentrations were quantified by ELISA in 48 healthy individuals, 273 pSS patients without NHL (pSS-nonL), and 38 pSS patients with NHL (pSS-NHL+) from the United Kingdom Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Registry cohort. PSS-nonL patients were stratified into low risk (LR), moderate risk (MR) and high risk (HR) groups according to the lymphoma risk score proposed by Fragkioudaki et al. Differences in serum CXCL13 levels among groups were analysed using the Wilcoxon method. Also, changes in serum CXCL13 over a time period of at least 1 year and a median 4 years were assessed for 200 pSS-nonL and 8 pSS-NHL+ patients. In addition, associations of serum CXCL13 with B-cell and inflammatory markers were investigated by correlation analyses and logistic regression. Serum CXCL13 levels were higher in all pSS groups compared to controls (p < 0.0001), and in pSS-NHL+ compared to pSS-nonL patients (p = 0.0204). LR patients had lower CXCL13 levels than MR patients (p < 0.0001) and pSS-NHL+ patients (p = 0.0008). CXCL13 levels remained stable over the study period for all pSS groups. CXCL13 was associated (p < 0.0005) with Immunoglobulin G (IgG), B-cell activating factor, β2 microglobulin, combined free light chains, κ and λ light chains, anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. IgG and C3 controlled for age and gender were significantly associated with NHL risk in pSS. Serum CXCL13 levels were elevated in pSS-NHL+ and MR patients compared to LR patients and remained stable over time. Further study is required to investigate the role of CXCL13 in pSS-associated NHL risk.
Antenna phase center correction differences from robot and chamber calibrations: the case study LEIAR25
Authors: Krzan Grzegorz , Dawidowicz Karol , Wielgosz Pawel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have been intensively modernized, resulting in the introduction of new carrier frequencies for GPS and GLONASS and the development of new satellite systems such as Galileo and BeiDou (BDS). For this reason, the absolute field antenna calibrations performed so far for the two legacy carrier frequencies, the GPS and GLONASS, seem to be insufficient. Hence, all antennas will require a re-calibration of their phase center variations for the new signals to ensure the highest measurement accuracy. Currently, two absolute calibration methods are used to calibrate GNSS antennas: field calibration using a robot and calibration in an anechoic chamber. Unfortunately, differences in these methodologies also result in a disparity in the obtained antenna phase center corrections (PCC). Therefore, we analyze the differences between individual PCC obtained with these two methods, specifically for the Leica AR-25 antenna model (LEIAR25). In addition, the influence of PCC differences on the GNSS-derived position time series for 19 EUREF Permanent GNSS Network (EPN) stations was also assessed. The results show that the calibration method has a noticeable impact on PCC models. PCC differences determined for the ionosphere-free combination may reach up over 20 mm and can be transferred to the position domain. Further tests concerning the positioning accuracy showed that for horizontal coordinates differences between solutions were mostly below 1 mm, exceeding 2 mm only at two stations for the GLONASS solution. However, the height component differences exceeded 5 mm for four, six and six stations out of 19 for the GPS, GLONASS and Galileo solutions, respectively. These differences are strongly dependent on large L2 calibration differences.
The composition of lipid profiles in different developmental stages of Dermestes ater and Dermestes maculatus and their susceptibility to the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus
Authors: Cerkowniak Magdalena , Boguś Mieczysława I. , Włóka Emilia , Stepnowski Piotr , Gołębiowski Marek 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInsects from the Dermestidae family (Dermestes ater and Dermestes maculatus) are synanthropic insects, which are household, agricultural and warehouse pests. Their lipidomics and the insects’ ability to use compounds present in their bodies to protect them against pathogens are not fully understood. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to determine the composition of compounds present in the bodies of two insect species, Dermestes ater and Dermestes maculatus, by the MALDI technique. Several free fatty acids and acylglycerols were found to be present as a result of the research. Significant differences in the composition and number of identified compounds have been shown, depending on the tested species and on the development stage. In lipids of D. ater, a greater variety of free fatty acids were found than in those of the second species. Biological studies have determined the high resistance of both species of Dermestidae to fungal infection with Conidiobolus coronatus. These results provide baseline data for further studies on the possible role of lipids.
The Role of General and Subject-specific Language Skills when Learning Mathematics in Elementary School
Authors: Ufer Stefan , Bochnik Katrin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe role of skills in the language of instruction for mathematics learning is well established by longitudinal studies at the primary school level. Explanations for these relations lead to the question: are they mostly due to general, domain-overarching language skills, or does the command of subject-specific language registers play an important role? Integrating prior research threads, we propose two instruments to measure subject-specific language skills in mathematics: One measuring mathematical vocabulary, and one measuring mathematical text comprehension. We report on a longitudinal study withN = 237 German grade 3 students, which investigated the predictive value of these instruments beyond prior arithmetic skills, general language skills, and control variables such as general cognitive skills and socio-economic status on students’ later arithmetic skills. We applied a multidimensional assessment model to measure arithmetic skills. Apart from replicating the prominent role of general language skills found in earlier studies, our results indicate a substantial, additional role of subject-specific language skills for the development of mathematics skills. These relations could be identified for knowledge of mathematical vocabulary, as well as for mathematical text comprehension. The results indicate that fostering subject-specific language skills already at the primary school level is not only one of many goals of mathematics instruction, but is a core prerequisite to supporting mathematical skill acquisition.
Fractal analysis of the microstructure of milk powders produced at various temperatures
Authors: Smoczyński Michał 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe quality of milk powder is largely determined during it manufacture process by the morphological characteristics of powder particles. Considering that, the main research objective of this study was to determine whether parameters of the production process contribute to differences in the microstructure of the manufactured powders, and by this means affect their functional traits. To diversify the milk powder production process, various temperatures of the inlet air were used during drying, i.e. 140, 150 and 160 °C. An image fractal analysis was employed and powder particle sizes were compared with respective results achieved in the instrumental analysis using the laser diffraction method. Values of fractal dimensions decreased slightly along with drying temperature increase, what demonstrates that the technological parameters are reflected in the microstructure of milk powders produced. Although particle sizes determined with both methods fitted within the same range of values, the contribution of particular fractions slightly differed and the choice of the appropriate approach may not always be unambiguous. Finally, the fractal dimension is a precise parameter which provides the accurate and explicit characteristics of milk powder microstructure and as such should be recommended for the characterization of irregular structures of different food products.