bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contraceptive Use Among Basic School Pupils in a Municipality in Ghana
Authors: Gbagbo Fred Yao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Ghana over the years strived to improve contraceptive services for young people through various policies and programmes. Despite these efforts, contraceptives use among young people remain a challenge. In this study, contraceptive use among basic school pupils in a Ghanaian municipality was explored to inform policy and programme decisions.Methods: The research design was a cross-sectional and mixed-method survey involving four hundred and twenty-seven (427) respondents randomly selected from four hundred and eleven (411) basic schools (102 from private and 309 from public basic schools) within Effutu Municipality of GhanaResults: Basic school pupils in Ghana are generally sexually active but have high unmet needs for modern contraception due to socio-cultural barriers, stigma, and misconceptions. Awareness and use are however more prevalent among Junior High School pupils compared to those at the primary levels. Pupils who received contraceptive education from parents/guardians were, however, more likely to use modern contraceptives consistently than their counterparts who do not.Conclusions: Because young people in basic schools are becoming sexually active, there is a need for formalized contraceptive education in the basic schools for correct information and education.
Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection in multiple trauma patients: should we obtain more CT-scans?
Authors: Khabiri Seyyed Saeed , Naleini Farhad , Miladi Ronak , Mosavat Mina Sadat , Khoshbakht Maryam , Maleki Shokofeh , Ghadimi Maryam , Baghdadi Soroush 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: There are studies that show a chest CT scan is superior to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies in the diagnosis of COVID. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of COVID-related lung involvement in patients admitted to a trauma center.Methods: In a retrospective study, data from a regional referral trauma center from February 21, 2020 to April 10, 2020, were reviewed. All patients admitted to the hospital for whom a chest CT scan was performed during the study period for any reason were included. Trained physicians screened all CT-scans for findings suggestive of COVID-19. Next, blinded radiologists selected CT-scans with findings highly suggestive of COVID involvement. The clinical course and outcome, and the results of PCR for SARS-CoV-2 were recorded assessed.Results: A total of 4200 chest CT scans were reviewed. After multiple rounds of exclusion, 24 patients with highly- suggestive findings were reviewed. Only three patients developed COVID symptoms during the course of admission. PCR results were positive in 22 patients (92.6%). Conclusions: We suggest having a lower threshold for ordering chest CT scans in trauma patients at a high risk of COVID infection, as well as those requiring extensive surgical interventions. Also, a thorough review of the available CT scans before invasive procedures, preferably with the help of an expert radiologist, is highly recommended, even when the results of the COVID laboratory tests are negative.
Risk Factors for Disease Progression and Prognosis Analysis in Pediatric Head and Neck Rhabdomyosarcoma Patients: a Historical Cohort Study From a Single Center
Authors: Wen Yuan , Zhang Weiling , Zhang Yi , Hu Huimin , Li Jing , Huang Dongsheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The purposes of this study are to explore risk factors for disease progression during primary treatment, and to analyze disease prognosis of different event groups in a historical cohort of 56 pediatric patients with head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma.Methods: From June 1st, 2016 to June 30th, 2019, a historical cohort of 56 pediatric patients diagnosed as head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma was chosen. Clinical data were collected including general information about diagnosis, treatment, prognostic factors, and follow up results. Patients were divided into non-event group, disease-progression group and disease-relapse group according different types of events. Comparison among the three groups was made to reveal different clinical features and prognosis. Patients were further divided into disease-progression group and non-progression group to explore risk factors for disease progression, with univariate and multivariate analysis.Results: The median follow-up time of all 56 patients was 31.8 months (range 3.5-74.6 months). There were 30 non-event patients, 12 disease relapse patients, and 14 disease-progression patients. The estimated 5-year overall survival rates were 100.0%, 82.5%, and 11.9% for non-event, disease-relapse and disease-progression patients respectively (p<0.001). Compared with non-event patients, disease-progression patients had higher rates of tumor size>5cm (p=0.008) and non-initial radiation therapy (p=0.001). Compared with disease-relapse patients, disease-progression patients had a higher rate of tumor size>5cm (p=0.002), and higher ranks of surgical-pathologic group (p=0.009) and risk group (p<0.001). Compare with non-progression patients, univariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size>5cm, alveolar histology, non-initial radiation therapy, and higher ranks of surgical-pathologic group as well as risk group were statistically significant risk factors for disease progression. The multivariate analysis result showed tumor size>5cm (OR=6.75, 95%CIs 1.02-44.78), alveolar histology (OR=7.10, 95%CIs 1.08-46.57), and non-initial radiation therapy (OR=15.26, 95%CIs 2.38-97.70) to be independent risk factors for disease progression.Conclusions: Pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma patients with disease progression have significantly worse overall survival, and the prognosis is obviously different from patients with disease relapse and patients without events. Tumor size>5cm, alveolar histology and non-initial radiation therapy are independent risk factors for disease progression. Patients with disease progression tend to have higher ranks of surgical-pathologic group and risk group.
Size and Temperature Effects on Dielectric Breakdown of PLZT Film Capacitors
Authors: Tong Sheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper introduces a model of dielectric breakdown strength. The model integrated thermal breakdown and defect models, the relationship between the electric field of ferroelectric films and dimensional parameters and operating temperature (T). The thickness effect is thermal breakdown in origin, whereas the area effect is statistical in nature. This model is verified with experimental results of the lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) films of various d (0.8 – 3 m), A (0.0020 – 25 mm2) tested under a range of T (300 – 400 K) with satisfying fitting results. Also learned is a relationship that the recoverable electric energy density is directly proportional to the square of breakdown electric field. This relationship is found viable in predicting the electric energy density in terms of variables of d, A, and T for the PLZT films.
Medical Malpractice and Trigeminal Neuralgia: An Analysis of 49 Cases
Authors: Boyke Andre E. , Naidu Ishan , Lam Sharon , Alvi Mohammed Ali , Bader Edward R. , Sethi Atharv , Agarwal Vijay 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundOur study aims to fill the vacancy of litigation studies related to trigeminal neuralgia management, and to give healthcare providers the necessary information needed to better understand the potential litigious outcomes that often follow certain treatment methods.MethodsWe queried the Westlaw Edge legal database to identify litigation cases related to the management of trigeminal neuralgia for the years 1985-2019 using the following search criteria: (trigeminal & neuralgia), (tic & douloureux) and (microvascular & decompression). Key variables extracted included the following: plaintiff medical complaints, trial outcome, payout, and demographic characteristics. Continuous variables were compared between cases in favor of defendant and cases in favor of plaintiff using t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square or Fischer’s exact test.Results49 cases met the inclusion criteria – for those cases surgical complication (42.9%) and failure to diagnose (32.7%) were cited as the most common alleged reasons for filing a malpractice claim. Cranial nerve deficits (34.7%) and loss of consortium (12.2%) were the most frequent post-operative complaints. Verdicts ruled in favor of the defendant in 61.2% of cases, and for the plaintiff in 26.5% of cases with a mean payout of $1,982,428.46. Dental specialists were included in the most cases, 63.3%, and the average payout was $415,908, while Neurosurgical specialists were involved in 20.4% of cases with an average payout of $618,775. Cases where the verdict was in favor of the plaintiff were more likely to be older than cases with a verdict in favor of the defendant (p=0.03). ConclusionsOver one-half of the cases resulted in a defendant’s verdict with surgical complications cited as the most common reason for litigation. Dentistry and neurosurgery were listed as the most common individual physician specialties for defendants, also contributing to the largest average payouts based on specialty (for specialties > 1 occurrence). Cranial nerve deficits and loss of consortium were the most common plaintiff post-operative complaints. A key implication of this study is the need for more extensive discussions between physician and patient regarding informed consent, especially when neurosurgical interventions are required.
Circadian variations in occurrence and the clinical presentation of Vestibular Migraine: A retrospective study
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Le , Dong Hongli , Qian Huifeng , Zhao Hongru , Yang Yi , Dong Wanli 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: As a new clinical disease entity, vestibular migraine (VM) is considered to be the commonest cause of spontaneous episodic vertigo. This study is trying to explore the circadian variations in occurrence and the clinical presentation of VM.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study and identified female patients who fulfilled the 2012 International Headache Society-Bárány Society Criteria for VM. Population’s clinical data were collected, including onset time and descriptions of sensations experienced by our patients during VM attacks.Results: A total of 189 female VM patients were included in our study. 74.0% of attacks in VM were presented in morning hours before 12 o’clock and the peak of occurrence was at about 7 o'clock. The attack frequency reached the baseline during 12:00-23:59 while there were two abnormal upward fluctuations at about 14:00 and 20:00. The biological circadian cycles may have greater impact of VM than lack of sleep. In addition, clinical presentations of vestibular symptoms including orthostatic vertigo, visually induced vertigo and dizziness showed variations among four 6-hour quadrants per day. Conclusions: Occurrence as well as clinical presentations of vestibular symptoms exhibited circadian variations among VM patients. These data suggested that chronobiological mechanisms may play a role in vestibular migraine pathophysiology.
Identification of an Autophagy-Related 10-lncRNA-mRNA Signature for Distinguishing Glioblastoma Multiforme from Lower‑Grade Glioma and Prognosis Prediction
Authors: Wei Bo , Wang Le , Zhao Jingwei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Autophagy provides the nutrients and energy for tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Theoretically, autophagy-related mRNAs and regulatory long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may represent promising biomarkers to predict tumor progression and poor prognosis. Our study aims to develop an autophagy-related signature to distinguish glioblastoma (GBM) from lower-grade gliomas (LGG) and predict overall survival (OS).Methods: The expression profile of GBM and LGG was collected from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database that was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DELs). The autophagy-related genes were obtained from the Human Autophagy Database. The autophagy-related DELs were identified by a co-expression network with DEGs. These DEGs and DELs underwent univariate and multivariate analyses to screen prognostic genes. They were entered into the Logit regression model to identify the GBM feature genes. The prognostic signature was evaluated by survival curve analyses and validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The prognostic model and clinicopathological parameters were integrated to construct the nomogram.Results: A total of 131 autophagy-related DEGs and 54 autophagy-related DELs were identified. Ten of them were demonstrated as independent prognostic factors and could distinguish GBM from LGG, with the accuracy of 0.891 using CGGA dataset and 0.790 using TCGA dataset. The risk score was established based on these 10 genes. Patients with higher risk score were at an increased risk of developing GBM (49.7% vs 21.3%) and worse OS prognosis than those in low risk group. The predictive accuracy was 0.840 and 0.744 for CGGA and TCGA dataset, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed age, recurrence, IDH mutation and risk score status were independent prognostic factors and thus they were used to build a nomogram which showed the highest predictive power than other factors.Conclusion: The established nomogram may aid the clinical decision making of personalized treatment.
Kolaviron (Kolaflavanone), apigenin, fisetin as potential Coronavirus inhibitors: In silico investigation
Authors: Oladele Johnson Olaleye , Oyeleke Oyedotun Moses , Oladele Oluwaseun Titilope , Olowookere Boyede Dele , Oso Babatunde Joseph , Oladiji Adenike Temidayo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is increasing with an alarming rate of associated frightening mortality without no known approved therapy. The emergence of new infectious diseases and increase in frequency of drug resistant viruses demand effective and novel therapeutic agents. This study investigated the putative inhibitory potentials of apigenin, fisetin, kolaflavanone, and remdesivir towards SARS-COV2 major protease (6LU7) using in silico methods. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles of the compounds were also examined using the pkCSM server. All the compounds showed good affinity to the binding pocket of 6LU7. It was observed that kolaflavanone exhibited the highest binding affinity when compared to apigenin, fisetin, and remdesivir. The amino acids ASN238, TYR237, LEU286, and LEU287 were showed as the key residues for kolaflavanone binding to human SARS-COV2 major protease. The Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics results suggested that all the tested compounds have significant drug likeness properties and they could be absorbed through the human intestine. Additionally, all the tested compounds except remdesivir are not hepatoxic and also displayed non or relatively low toxic effects in human. Summarily, the results of this study indicated that all the tested compounds are potential putative inhibitors of SARS-COV2 major protease with no or low toxicity effects. However, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to further explore their activities and validate their efficacies against COVID-19.
WITHDRAWN: Relationship Between Circadian Preference and Lifetime Experiences of Hypomanic Symptoms
Authors: Lee Kounseok , Lee Hye-Kyung , Kim Seok Hyeon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythms have been known to be associated with bipolar disorders. There are many cases in which hypomanic symptoms are not recognized as an illness. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the experience of lifetime hypomanic symptom and circadian type of university students.METHODS: A total of 8,562 university students participated in the study. The participants completed the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) for circadian typology and Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Chi-square test and analysis of variance were performed, and the post-hoc result was computed using the FDR adjusted p-values.RESULTS: Overall, the MDQ score was high in the evening-type group. There was no significant difference between the intermediate-type group and morning-type group for male students. In the evening-type group, the response rate was significantly higher in 10 out of 13 items in MDQ.CONCLUSIONS: The evening-type group was more likely to experience hypomanic symptoms. This study shows that circadian and seasonal characteristics related to circadian types are associated with lifetime hypomanic symptoms. Hence, further investigation is needed to determine the eveningness, as it could be a trait marker of bipolar spectrum disorder.
Treatment of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures accompanied with Pink Pulseless Hands
Authors: Xie Li-wei , Wang Juan , Deng Zhi-qiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The optimal treatment for pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures accompanied with a pink pulseless hand is controversial. Some clinicians recommend close observation after closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of the fractures, while some recommend surgical exploration if the radial pulse is unpalpable. The present study aimed to analyze the benefits and outcomes of close observation for treating pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures with a pink pulseless hand. Methods: Thirteen children presenting with a pink pulseless hand following supracondylar humeral fracture were enrolled in this study. Preoperative and postoperative color-flow Duplex ultrasound detection was used to assess brachial artery injury in most cases. Urgent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of the fractures were attempted first. Close observation was carried out when the hand was pink and pulseless with an absent radial pulse. Results: Preoperative color-flow Duplex ultrasound showed no disruption of the brachial artery in cases detected. Compression of the artery by the proximal fragment was observed in most cases, with one case of entrapment of the artery between fragments, and thrombus considered in two cases. All cases underwent urgent surgery, after which nine experienced immediate return of the radial pulse. The remaining four without a palpable pulse were managed with close observation and no deterioration of the vascular status was observed; therefore, no surgical exploration was performed. Postoperative color-flow Duplex ultrasound revealed continuity of the artery and rich collateral circulation. Patients completed an average of 4.5 years of follow-up, during which no major complications occurred. All patients achieved excellent limb function. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that close observation after urgent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is a sufficient approach for the treatment of pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures accompanied with a pink pulseless hand. Surgical exploration is not necessary as long as the hand is warm and well perfused. Color-flow Duplex ultrasound is beneficial for assessing vascular injury and determining treatment strategies.
Help Seeking Preferences to Informal and Formal Source of Care for Depression: a Community Based Study in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: shumet shegaye , Kassew Tilahun , Azale Telake , Ayano Getinet , Abebaw Dessie , Tesfaw Getachew , Wonde Mesele , Getinet wondale , Amare Tadele 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Depression is the leading cause of disability at a population level and globally 350 million people are suffering from depression. Many people suffer from depression use different sources of help for their mental health problems. People with different mental health problems seek help from formal and/or informal sources. This gives crucial information on community,s beliefs and perception regarding their preference for help if they faced depression. This study helps to guide effective planning and provision of mental health services and health policy of the country to explore the community,s preferences of help-seeking. Objective: The aim of this community based cross-sectional study was to contrast patterns of formal and informal help-seeking preferences for depression among residents of Aykel town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional population based study included 832 participants. We used a major depressive disorder case vignette and general help-seeking questionnaire (GHSQ) to assess the preferences to seek help. Study participants were selected by multistage cluster sampling technique. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews. An independent- sample t- test and analysis of variance test (ANOVA) was performed to determine mean score difference in socio-demographic characteristics of the participants for informal sources of help.Results: A total of 656 subjects (78.8%) showed high propensity to intimate partner, and 655 (78.7%) of the study subjects had high propensity to mental health professional. The mean score of the residents’ preference to seek help from informal sources was 3.41±0.60.The mean score of preference to seek help from formal sources was 3.18±0.75. A total of 276 (33.2%) subjects showed high propensity to both informal and formal sources of help. The result also showed that there was mean score difference in preferences to informal help between subjects with strong social support and low and/ moderate social support (P<0.001).Conclusion: The result suggests that the majority of the residents had a higher preference to seek help from informal sources compared to formal sources of care. Mean score difference was observed in degree of social support and occupational status(student,housewife and jobless) for informal sources of help. Providing and strengthening both formal and informal sources of help in conjunction is crucial to get a more qualified and effective care of depressed patients.
An Analysis of the Influence of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic on Middle School Students' Mental Health
Authors: Zhang XiaoHong , Wang Shuai , Wang Xi , Gu Qing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: To explore the psychological health status of middle school students in China during the recent epidemic outbreak of “Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia” (NCP) and its influencing factors, and to provide a basis and suggestions for the adjustment of mental health of middle school students during the epidemic. Methods: A total of 2,007 middle school students were randomly selected nationwide to fill out a questionnaire. The questionnaire included basic personal and family information, life status and family relations during the epidemic, attitudes and pressures in the face of the epidemic, created by Chinese professor Zung. The anxiety self-assessment scale (SAS) compiled by SPSS statistical analysis software was used for data analysis to explore the changes in mental health during the epidemic. Results: Of the 2,007 valid questionnaires, according to the data using the self-rating anxiety scale, 424 students had anxiety, accounting for 21.1% of the total number; anxiety level of boys was higher than that of girls, and the anxiety level increased as the grade level increased. The student's personality, grade level, problem-solving methods, awareness and attention to the epidemic, parents' educational background, marital status, and family economic status all had an impact on the student's psychological status during the epidemic.Conclusion: The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia epidemic has a great impact on the mental health of some middle school students. Family, school and social departments should pay attention to this phenomenon, care for their mental health, and take reasonable measures to actively intervene.