bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and the re-opening of schools: a policy maker’s dilemma
Authors: Fantini Maria Pia , Reno Chiara , Biserni Giovanni Battista , Savoia Elena , Lanari Marcello 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and rapidly spread across the world. In order to counter this epidemic, several countries put in place different restrictive measures, such as the school’s closure and a total lockdown. However, as the knowledge on the disease progresses, clinical evidence showed that children mainly have asymptomatic or mild disease and it has been suggested that they are also less likely to spread the virus. Moreover, the lockdown and the school closure could have negative consequences on children, affecting their social life, their education and their mental health. As many countries have already entered or are planning a phase of gradual lifting of the containment measures of social distancing, it seems plausible that the re-opening of nursery schools and primary schools could be considered a policy to be implemented at an early stage of recovery efforts, putting in place measures to do it safely, such as the maintenance of social distance, the reorganisation of classes into smaller groups, the provision of adequate sanitization of spaces, furniture and toys, the prompt identification of cases in the school environment and their tracing. Therefore, policy makers have the task of balancing pros and cons of the school re-opening strategy, taking into account psychological, educational and social consequences for children and their families. Another issue to be considered is represented by socio-economic disparities and inequalities which could be amplified by school’s closure.
Triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtyping and treatment progress
Authors: Yin Li , Duan Jiang-Jie , Bian Xiu-Wu , Yu Shi-cang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a specific subtype of breast cancer that does not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), has clinical features that include high invasiveness, high metastatic potential, proneness to relapse, and poor prognosis. Because TNBC tumors lack ER, PR, and HER2 expression, they are not sensitive to endocrine therapy or HER2 treatment, and standardized TNBC treatment regimens are still lacking. Therefore, development of new TNBC treatment strategies has become an urgent clinical need. By summarizing existing treatment regimens, therapeutic drugs, and their efficacy for different TNBC subtypes and reviewing some new preclinical studies and targeted treatment regimens for TNBC, this paper aims to provide new ideas for TNBC treatment.
Application of data mining technology and wireless network sensing technology in sports training index analysis
Authors: Qian Liqiu , Liu Jiatong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe conventional analysis method can provide a general analysis of sports training index, but its ability is relatively low when analyzing niche data. To solve this problem, this paper proposes data mining technology. First, the indicator parameter classification is determined, then the data mining technology is imported, the sports training analysis mechanism is established through this technology, and the construction of the index analysis model is completed. The model is used to analyze the process of niche data mining, and effective data of training indicators are obtained. Deep learning is a method of machine learning based on the representation of data. Through the coverage test, accuracy test, and immunity test, the variable parameters of the comprehensive analysis capability are determined. Further calculation of this parameter shows that the comprehensive ability of the data mining application analysis method is improved by 37.14% compared with the conventional method, which is suitable for the analysis of niche sports training indicators of different data types.
Authenticated secret key generation in delay-constrained wireless systems
Authors: Mitev Miroslav , Chorti Arsenia , Reed Martin , Musavian Leila 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the emergence of 5G low-latency applications, such as haptics and V2X, low-complexity and low-latency security mechanisms are needed. Promising lightweight mechanisms include physical unclonable functions (PUF) and secret key generation (SKG) at the physical layer, as considered in this paper. In this framework, we propose (i) a zero round trip time (0-RTT) resumption authentication protocol combining PUF and SKG processes, (ii) a novel authenticated encryption (AE) using SKG, and (iii) pipelining of the AE SKG and the encrypted data transfer in order to reduce latency. Implementing the pipelining at PHY, we investigate a parallel SKG approach for multi-carrier systems, where a subset of the subcarriers are used for SKG and the rest for data transmission. The optimal solution to this PHY resource allocation problem is identified under security, power, and delay constraints, by formulating the subcarrier scheduling as a subset-sum 0−1 knapsack optimization. A heuristic algorithm of linear complexity is proposed and shown to incur negligible loss with respect to the optimal dynamic programming solution. All of the proposed mechanisms have the potential to pave the way for a new breed of latency aware security protocols.
The global dynamics for an age-structured SLIS model with the delay
Authors: Tan Hongwu , Yang Xin , Cao Hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the global dynamics for a SLIS epidemic model with infection age. In our model, we also consider the time delay in the progression from the latent individuals to becoming infectious individuals. We verify the well posedness of the model by changing it into an abstract nondensely defined Cauchy problem and find conditions for the existence of disease free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. The theoretic analysis shows that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable as the basic reproduction number $R_{0}$R0 is less than unity and that the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable and the system is uniformly persistent as $R_{0}$R0 is greater than unity. The numerical simulations illustrate that the endemic equilibrium may be asymptotically stable as $R_{0}>1$R0>1.
Existence of solutions for integral boundary value problems of singular Hadamard-type fractional differential equations on infinite interval
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Liu Lishan , Wu Yonghong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider the existence of solutions for the following Hadamard-type fractional differential equations:$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} {}^{H}D^{\alpha }u(t)+q(t)f(t,u(t), {}^{H}D^{\beta _{1}}u(t),{}^{H}D^{ \beta _{2}}u(t))=0,\quad 1< t< +\infty , \\ u(1)=0, \\ {}^{H}D^{\alpha -2}u(1)=\int ^{+\infty }_{1}g_{1}(s)u(s)\frac{ds}{s}, \\ {}^{H}D^{\alpha -1}u(+\infty )=\int ^{+\infty }_{1}g_{2}(s)u(s) \frac{ds}{s}, \end{cases} $${DαHu(t)+q(t)f(t,u(t),HDβ1u(t),HDβ2u(t))=0,1<t<+∞,u(1)=0,Dα−2Hu(1)=∫1+∞g1(s)u(s)dss,Dα−1Hu(+∞)=∫1+∞g2(s)u(s)dss,where$2<\alpha \leq 3$2<α≤3,$0<\beta _{1}\leq \alpha -2<\beta _{2}\leq \alpha -1$0<β1≤α−2<β2≤α−1,$f:J \times \mathbb{R}^{3}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$f:J×R3→Rsatisfies the q-Carathéodory condition,$q,g_{1},g_{2}:J\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{+}$q,g1,g2:J→R+are nonnegative, where$J=[1,+\infty )$J=[1,+∞). Nonlinear termfis dependent on the fractional derivative of lower order$\beta _{1}$β1,$\beta _{2}$β2, which creates additional complexity to verify the existence of solutions. The singularity occurring in our problem is associated with${}^{H}D^{\beta _{2}}u\in C(1,+\infty )$Dβ2Hu∈C(1,+∞)at the left endpoint$t=1$t=1(if$\beta _{2}<\alpha -1$β2<α−1).
Convergence analysis on inertial proportional delayed neural networks
Authors: Zhang Hong , Qian Chaofan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article mainly explores a class of inertial proportional delayed neural networks. Abstaining reduced order strategy, a novel approach involving differential inequality technique and Lyapunov function fashion is presented to open out that all solutions of the considered system with their derivatives are convergent to zero vector, which refines some previously known research. Moreover, an example and its numerical simulations are given to display the exactness of the proposed approach.
Zinc phosphate-based nanoparticles as alternatives to zinc oxide in diet of weaned piglets
Authors: Kociova Silvia , Dolezelikova Kristyna , Horky Pavel , Skalickova Sylvie , Baholet Daria , Bozdechova Lucie , Vaclavkova Eva , Belkova Jaroslava , Nevrkla Pavel , Skladanka Jiri , Do Tomas , Zitka Ondrej , Haddad Yazan , Kopel Pavel , Zurek Ludek , Adam Vojtech , Smerkova Kristyna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The high doses of zinc oxide (ZnO) administered orally to piglets for the prevention of diarrhea and increase of growth rate can contaminate pig farms and the surrounding environment. Therefore, there is a need to find a replacement of high doses of dietary ZnO with an equally effective alternative. In the present study, the effect of two formulations of zinc phosphate-based nanoparticles (ZnA and ZnC NPs) on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, antioxidant status, and intestinal and liver morphology was evaluated. A total of 100 weaned piglets were randomly divided into 10 equal groups with the base diet (control) or the base diet supplemented with ZnA, ZnC, or ZnO at concentrations 500, 1000, and 2000 mg Zn per kilogram of diet. Supplements were given to animals for 10 days. Fecal samples were collected on day 0, 5, 10 and 20. At the end of the treatment (day 10), three piglets from each group were sacrificed and analyzed.

Results
Comparing to that of control, the significantly higher piglet weight gain was observed in all piglet groups fed with ZnA (P < 0.05). Differences in the total aerobic bacteria and coliform counts in piglet feces after NPs supplementation compared to that of control and ZnO groups were also found (P < 0.05). The majority of aerobic culturable bacteria from the feces represented Escherichia (28.57–47.62%), Enterococcus (3.85–35.71%), and Streptococcus (3.70–42.31%) spp. A total of 542 Escherichia coli isolates were screened for the virulence genes STa, STb, Stx2, F4, and F18. The substantial occurrence of E. coli virulence factors was found on day 5, mainly in fimbrillary antigen and thermostable toxins, except for piglets fed by ZnC. Zn treatment decreased Zn blood levels in piglets fed with ZnO and ZnA (500 mg/kg) and increased in ZnC (2000 mg/kg) compared to that of control (P < 0.05). The antioxidant status of piglets was affected only by ZnA. While some changes in the liver and the intestinal morphology of piglets with NPs were observed, none were serious as reflected by the normal health status and increased weigh gain performance.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that ZnA NPs have a positive effect on the piglet growth performance even at the lowest concentration. The prevalence of E. coli virulence factors was lowest in pigs supplemented with ZnC. Zinc phosphate-based nanoparticles may be an effective alternative to ZnO.
Circulating level of interleukin-6 in relation to body mass indices and lipid profile in Egyptian adults with overweight and obesity
Authors: El-Mikkawy Dalia M. E. , EL-Sadek Maha A. , EL-Badawy Mohja A. , Samaha Dalia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Obesity is an important feature of metabolic syndrome, and the link between them has been attributed to the state of chronic inflammatory process.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the relation of circulating level of IL-6 as an inflammatory cytokine to body mass index and lipid profile in adults with overweight and obesity.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 15 adults with overweight, 45 with obesity (15 grade I, 15 grade II, and 15 grade III), and 25 average weight controls. Circulating IL-6 level and lipid profile were measured.

Results
Highly significant differences were found between study groups in different grades of obesity as regards weight, body mass index, serum triglycerides, and serum LDL-C. Circulating levels of IL6 were significantly higher in subjects with overweight and obesity. There were significantly positive correlations between circulating levels of IL6 and BMI in subjects with grade III obesity and negative correlation with serum HDL-C in subjects with grade II obesity.

Conclusion
High circulating level of IL-6 could reflect the intensity of the chronic and systemic inflammation that develops with high degrees of obesity, which might contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases, both directly and by reducing HDL-C levels.
Testosterone Supplementation Rescues Spermatogenesis and In Vitro Fertilizing Ability of Sperm inKiss1Knockout Mice
Authors: Goto Teppei , Hirabayashi Masumi , Watanabe Youki , Sanbo Makoto , Tomita Koichi , Inoue Naoko , Tsukamura Hiroko , Uenoyama Yoshihisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRestoration of spermatogenesis and fertility is a major issue to be solved in male mammals with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Kiss1 knockout (KO) male mice are postulated to be a suitable animal model to investigate if hormonal replacement rescues spermatogenesis in mammals with this severe reproductive hormone deficiency, because KO mice replicate the hypothalamic disorder causing hypogonadism. The present study investigated whether testosterone supplementation was able to restore spermatogenesis and in vitro fertilization ability in Kiss1 KO mice. To this end, spermatogenesis, in vitro fertilization ability of Kiss1 KO sperm, and preimplantation development of wild-type embryos inseminated with Kiss1 KO sperm, were examined. The newly generated Kiss1 KO male mice showed infertility with cryptorchidism. Subcutaneous testosterone supplementation for 6 weeks restored plasma and intratesticular testosterone levels, elicited testicular descent, and induced complete spermatogenesis from spermatocytes to elongated spermatids in the testis, resulting in an increase in epididymal sperm number in testosterone-supplemented Kiss1 KO male mice. Epididymal sperm derived from the testosterone-supplemented Kiss1 KO mice showed normal in vitro fertilization ability, and the fertilized eggs showed normal preimplantation development, while the males failed to impregnate females. These results suggest that the failure of spermatogenesis in Kiss1 KO mice is mainly due to a lack of testosterone production, and that Kiss1 KO sperm are capable of fertilizing eggs if the animals receive the appropriate testosterone supplementation without local kisspeptin signaling in the testis and epididymis. Thus, testosterone supplementation would restore spermatogenesis of male mammals showing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with genetic inactivation of the KISS1/Kiss1 gene.
Developmental Programming: Sheep Granulosa and Theca Cell–Specific Transcriptional Regulation by Prenatal Testosterone
Authors: Puttabyatappa Muraly , Guo Xingzi , Dou John , Dumesic Daniel , Bakulski Kelly M , Padmanabhan Vasantha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T)–treated sheep, similar to polycystic ovarian syndrome women, manifest reduced cyclicity, functional hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovary (PCO) morphology. The PCO morphology results from increased follicular recruitment and persistence of antral follicles, a consequence of reduced follicular growth and atresia, and is driven by cell-specific gene expression changes that are poorly understood. Therefore, using RNA sequencing, cell-specific transcriptional changes were assessed in laser capture microdissection isolated antral follicular granulosa and theca cells from age 21 months control and prenatal T–treated (100 mg intramuscular twice weekly from gestational day 30 to 90; term: 147 days) sheep. In controls, 3494 genes were differentially expressed between cell types with cell signaling, proliferation, extracellular matrix, immune, and tissue development genes enriched in theca; and mitochondrial, chromosomal, RNA, fatty acid, and cell cycle process genes enriched in granulosa cells. Prenatal T treatment 1) increased gene expression of transforming growth factor β receptor 1 and exosome component 9, and decreased BCL6 corepressor like 1, BCL9 like, and MAPK interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 in both cells, 2) induced differential expression of 92 genes that included increased mitochondrial, ribosome biogenesis, ribonucleoprotein, and ubiquitin, and decreased cell development and extracellular matrix-related pathways in granulosa cells, and 3) induced differential expression of 56 genes that included increased noncoding RNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, and mitochondrial matrix, and decreased transcription factor pathways in theca cells. These data indicate that follicular function is affected by genes involved in transforming growth factor signaling, extracellular matrix, mitochondria, epigenetics, and apoptosis both in a common as well as a cell-specific manner and suggest possible mechanistic pathways for prenatal T treatment–induced PCO morphology in sheep.
Clinical utility of fat-suppressed 3-dimensional controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration sampling perfection with application optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions MRI of the knee in adults
Authors: Lee Seungho , Lee Guen Young , Kim Sujin , Park Yong-Beom , Lee Han-Jun 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
To compare htree-dimensional CAIPIRINHA SPACE and two-dimensional turbo spin echo (2D TSE) MRI in the diagnosis of knee pathology in symptomatic adult patients.

Methods:
From February to September in 2018, 120 patients who underwent a knee MRI using both 3D CAIPIRINHA SPACE and 2D TSE MRI were enrolled. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the 2D and 3D MRI were compared using a paired t-test. Two radiologists independently evaluated both 2D and 3D MRI images using scoring systems for the menisci, ligaments, and cartilage. Intermethod, inter- and intrareader agreements were determined using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The diagnostic performance of both methods was measured in 44 patients with arthroscopy.

Results:
The mean scan time of 3D CAIPIRINHA SPACE MRI (4’ 43”) was shorter than that of 2D TSE MRI (17’ 27”). The mean SNR and CNR of 3D CAIPIRINHA SPACE was higher than those of 2D TSE MRI (mean difference, 3.97 of SNR and 1.58 of CNR; p &lt; 0.001 and p = .038, respectively). Intermethod (ICC, 0.84–1.0) and inter-reader (ICC, 0.75–0.97), and intra-reader agreements (ICC, 0.87–1.0) were good or excellent. The diagnostic accuracy of 3D CAIPIRINHA SPACE sequence was equal for ligament (95.5%) and better for meniscal and cartilage evaluation (84.1% each), compared to 2D TSE MRI (79.5% each).

Conclusion:
The fat-suppressed 3D CAIPIRINHA SPACE MRI maybe useful in clinical practice for the evaluation of the knee in place of the 2D conventional MRI protocol.

Advances in knowledge:
1. The 3D CAIPIRINHA SPACE MRI of the knee joint may be acceptable to be used in clinical practice showing comparable imaging quality compared to conventional 2D TSE MRI.
2. Compared with arthroscopic findings as the gold-standard, the diagnostic performance of 3D CAIPIRINHA SPACE MRI was equal or better for knee joint evaluation than that of 2D TSE MRI, as well as with shorter scan time.
Non-neoplastic conditions mimicking peritoneal carcinomatosis at CT imaging
Authors: Elmohr Mohab M , Elsayes Khaled M , Pickhardt Perry J 
Published: June 2020

The general appearance of peritoneal carcinomatosis at abdominal CT and other cross-sectional imaging modalities consists of varying amounts of peritoneal-based soft tissue implants (mass-forming or infiltrative), peritoneal fluid, and occasionally calcification. However, a wide variety of common and uncommon neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions can closely mimic peritoneal carcinomatosis at imaging. Neoplastic mimics of peritoneal carcinomatosis include primary peritoneal and sub peritoneal tumors, as well as peritoneal lymphomatosis and sarcomatosis.
Broad categories of non-neoplastic mimics of peritoneal carcinomatosis include tumor-like conditions, systemic processes, atypical infections, and fat-based conditions. For many entities, suggestive or specific patient information and/or CT imaging findings exist that may allow the radiologist to narrow the differential diagnosis. In this article, we review the salient clinical and cross-sectional imaging features of non-neoplastic mimics of peritoneal carcinomatosis and malignancy, with emphasis on the CT findings and the additional clues that may suggest the correct benign diagnosis.
O Acordo De Associação Mercosul-União Europeia E A Política Externa Brasileira
Authors: Totti Salgado Vitória , Nitsch Bressan Regiane 
Published: June 2020

O objetivo do artigo é analisar as negociações do Acordo de Associação entre Mercosul e União Europeia a partir da política externa brasileira. Após 20 anos de negociações, entre avanços e retrocessos, o Acordo entre os blocos regionais foi firmado em julho de 2019. O trabalho busca desvelar e entender as implicações políticas brasileiras para a conclusão do acordo, perpassando os governos Lula (2003-2010), Dilma (2011-2016), Temer (2016-2018) e Bolsonaro (2019-atual). Conclui-se que a mudança dos governos nos países do Mercosul, sobretudo no Brasil, reorientou a postura do bloco nas negociações do Acordo de Associação Mercosul-União Europeia. A ascensão da direita no governo brasileiro e a mudança nas diretrizes de política externa para a liberalização econômica e o realinhamento com as grandes potências ocidentais, determinaram o posicionamento do Brasil frente às negociações dentre o Mercosul e com a União Europeia, as quais culminaram na conclusão do acordo histórico.Palavras-chave: Política Externa Brasileira, Acordo de Associação Mercosul-União Europeia, Integração Econômica Regional. ABSTRACTThe purpose of the article is to analyze the negotiations on the Association Agreement between Mercosur and the European Union based on Brazilian foreign policy. After 20 years of negotiations, between advances and setbacks, the Agreement between the regional blocs was signed in July 2019. The work seeks to unveil and understand the Brazilian political implications for the conclusion of the agreement, spanning the Lula governments (2003-2010), Dilma (2011-2016), Temer (2016-2018) and Bolsonaro (2019-current). It is concluded that the change of governments in the Mercosur countries, especially in Brazil, reoriented the bloc's stance in the negotiations for the Mercosur-European Union Association Agreement. The rise of the right in the Brazilian government and the change in foreign policy guidelines for economic liberalization and realignment with the great western powers, determined Brazil's position in the face of negotiations between Mercosur and the European Union, which culminated in the conclusion of the historic agreement.Keywords: Brazilian foreign policy, Mercosur-European Union Association Agreement, Regional Economic Integration.