bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive study on electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography sensitivity to cortical and subcortical sources
Authors: Piastra Maria Carla , Nüßing Andreas , Vorwerk Johannes , Clerc Maureen , Engwer Christian , Wolters Carsten H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSignal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) maps are a good way to visualize electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) sensitivity. SNR maps extend the knowledge about the modulation of EEG and MEG signals by source locations and orientations and can therefore help to better understand and interpret measured signals as well as source reconstruction results thereof. Our work has two main objectives. First, we investigated the accuracy and reliability of EEG and MEG finite element method (FEM)‐based sensitivity maps for three different head models, namely an isotropic three and four‐compartment and an anisotropic six‐compartment head model. As a result, we found that ignoring the cerebrospinal fluid leads to an overestimation of EEG SNR values. Second, we examined and compared EEG and MEG SNR mappings for both cortical and subcortical sources and their modulation by source location and orientation. Our results for cortical sources show that EEG sensitivity is higher for radial and deep sources and MEG for tangential ones, which are the majority of sources. As to the subcortical sources, we found that deep sources with sufficient tangential source orientation are recordable by the MEG. Our work, which represents the first comprehensive study where cortical and subcortical sources are considered in highly detailed FEM‐based EEG and MEG SNR mappings, sheds a new light on the sensitivity of EEG and MEG and might influence the decision of brain researchers or clinicians in their choice of the best modality for their experiment or diagnostics, respectively.
Characterizing spatial and temporal variation in 18O and 2H content of New Zealand river water for better understanding of hydrologic processes
Authors: Yang Jing , Dudley Bruce D. , Montgomery Kelsey , Hodgetts Will 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTime series of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ2H and δ18O) in rivers can be used to quantify groundwater contributions to streamflow, and timescales of catchment storage. However, these isotope hydrology techniques rely on distinct spatial or temporal patterns of δ2H and δ18O within the hydrologic cycle. In New Zealand, lack of understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of δ2H and δ18O of river water hinders development of regional and national‐scale hydrological models. We measured δ2H and δ18O monthly, together with river flow rates at 58 locations across New Zealand over a two‐year period. Results show: (a) general patterns of decreasing δ2H and δ18O with increasing latitude were altered by New Zealand's major mountain ranges; δ2H and δ18O were distinctly lower in rivers fed from higher elevation catchments, and in eastern rain‐shadow areas of both islands; (b) river water δ2H and δ18O values were partly controlled by local catchment characteristics (catchment slope, PET, catchment elevation, and upstream lake area) that influence evaporation processes; (c) regional differences in evaporation caused the slope of the river water line (i.e., the relationship between δ2H and δ18O in river water) for the (warmer) North Island to be lower than that of the (cooler, mountain‐dominated) South Island; (d) δ2H seasonal offsets (i.e., the difference between seasonal peak and mean values) for individual sites ranged from 0.50‰ to 5.07‰. Peak values of δ18O and δ2H were in late summer, but values peaked 1 month later at the South Island sites, likely due to greater snow‐melt contributions to streamflow. Strong spatial differences in river water δ2H and δ18O caused by orographic rainfall effects and evaporation may inform studies of water mixing across landscapes. Generally distinct seasonal isotope cycles, despite the large catchment sizes of rivers studied, are encouraging for transit time analysis applications.
The Long, Long Way to Bottromycin
Authors: Kazmaier Uli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough discovered already in the middle of last century, the bottromycins are a unique class of natural products, and a real challenge for all kind of researchers trying to get familiar with them. The structure elucidation was a tour de force and last over 50 years. Synthetic approaches were also painful and it was actually the first and so far only synthesis which confirmed/revised the previously proposed structures. Recent investigations on the biosynthetic pathway indicate that the bottromycins belong to the ribosomally synthesized and posttranslational modified peptides, but that also the biosynthesis does not proceed along the “usual way”. This review will cover the development of bottromycin research from the beginning until today, with a focus on synthetic studies, total synthesis and modifications.
Increased anxiety and depression in patients with gynecologic cancers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A retrospective study from Japan
Authors: Mogami Tae , Onuma Emi , Aoki Mihoko , Kamiya Natsuko , Sukegawa Akiko , Miyagi Etsuko , Sakakibara Hideya 
Published: November 2020

SynopsisDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, patients with cancer are susceptible to psychological stress, especially during cancer treatment. Timely evaluation is necessary to prevent psychological stress.
Understanding the retail business owners' perception of social media tax in Uganda
Authors: Kahiigi Evelyn Kigozi , Semwanga Agnes Rwashana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurrently, the adoption and use of social media is widespread in various sectors, including retail businesses. However, new policies significantly affect the adoption of social media and its associated benefit. This research draws from attitude as a determining factor to understand the retail business owners' perception of social media tax in Uganda. Using qualitative methods, data were collected from 183 retail businesses in urban communities. The study established that social media is being used to promote businesses, with WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter as the most popular tools. Results further indicate that most retailers see social media platforms as a means of keeping them competitive and urging them to stay connected on these platforms. The study, however, demonstrates that the introduction of social media tax (SMT) changed the behavior of retailers resulting in the reduced use of social media as they thought it was expensive. Further research should seek to investigate (a) the effect of social media tax in financial terms and productivity in retail businesses; (b) the cost–benefit analysis for those paying social media tax; and (c) key factors that could further explain the behavior of retail business owners and the payment of social media tax.
A classification scheme for identifying snowstorms affecting central New York State
Authors: Hartnett Justin J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Great Lakes region experiences anomalously high seasonal snowfall totals relative to similar latitudes. Although lake‐effect snowstorms are common in this region, snowfall occurs from a variety of storm types. This study examines snowstorms in a subsection of the Lake Ontario basin to develop a classification scheme to categorize the different types of snowstorms affecting the region. From 1985 to 2015, there were 11 different snowstorm types to affect the study area. The classification system was used to assess the frequency of, and snowfall produced by the different storm types within the eastern Great Lakes region. From the classification, snowstorms were categorized as either non‐direct cyclonic storms (NDCS) or direct cyclonic storms (DCS). Lake‐effect snowstorms, a type of NDCS, were the most frequent storm (35.1% of all storms) and accounted for approximately 39.4% of the snowfall. Most lake‐effect storms (37.7%) produced moderate snowfall totals (10.2–25.3 cm), yet heavy snowfall storms (≥25.4 cm) contributed significantly (ρ ≤ .05) more to seasonal snowfall totals than lighter snowfall storms. Direct cyclonic clippers forming over high latitudes of northwestern Canada, were the most frequent DCS in Central New York (11.3% of all storms), with nearly three quarters of the storms originating over Alberta. These storms only contributed 9.2% of the seasonal snowfall in the study area, compared to 12.7% from direct cyclonic Nor'easters forming near the east coast of North America. Although Nor'easters occur less frequently than clippers, when they do occur, they tend to produce heavy widespread snowfall across the region. The classification system proposed can be modified to accommodate snow basins across the globe. Classifying snowstorms will help determine the seasonal snowfall contribution from different storms and aid in future climate predictions, as individual snowstorm types may respond differently to a warming global climate.
Addition of chickpea markedly increases the indigestible carbohydrate content in semolina pasta as eaten
Authors: Garcia‐Valle Daniel E , Bello‐Perez Luis A , Tovar Juscelino 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a growing interest in increasing dietary fiber (DF) consumption because of the health benefits associated with this nutrient. Pulses are considered a good source of non‐digestible carbohydrates. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of substituting semolina with chickpea flour to increase indigestible carbohydrate content without altering the texture of the pasta.RESULTSPasta was prepared by extruding semolina–chickpea blends. The protein and DF content in the cooked pasta increased with the chickpea level, with an important contribution of resistant starch (RS) to the DF values. The optimum cooking time decreased as the chickpea content increased, which was related to the degree of starch gelatinization of the raw pasta. The in vitro digestible starch content decreased with the chickpea substitution level, concomitant with the increase in RS content. In general, the texture of the chickpea‐containing pasta was similar to that of semolina pasta.CONCLUSIONSPending acceptability studies on these pastas may grant their promotion as good fiber sources, probably helpful in the fight against obesity and diet‐related non‐communicable diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Immunotherapeutic strategies in breast cancer: A clinical update
Authors: Zhang Jennifer Q. , Plitas George 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy has been incorporated into the standard of care for a wide range of malignancies. The study of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes has emphasized the importance of the host antitumor immune response in the natural history of breast cancer. Recent clinical trials have used immunotherapeutic approaches to augment this response and improve outcomes for patients with breast cancer. Here, we review several current clinical trial data that indicate checkpoint blockade may mediate clinically significant responses.
A Matter of Time
Authors: Poehlmann John R. , Timmel Ainsley , Adams Jacquelyn H. , Gupta Vivek K. , Rhoades Janine S. , Iruretagoyena J. Igor , Hoppe Kara K. , Antony Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the average duration of detailed fetal anatomic surveys in pregnancy in relation to gestational age (GA) and the maternal body mass index (BMI) to determine optimal timing of the examination.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of gravidae presenting for detailed fetal anatomic examinations between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2017. After excluding examinations expected to have longer duration (ie, multifetal, major fetal anomalies), there were a total of 6522 examinations performed between GAs of 18 weeks 0 days and 22 weeks 0 days. Women were grouped by BMI, and results were analyzed by logistic regression.ResultsGravidae of normal weight (BMI, 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) had a decrease of 47.47 seconds of the examination time with each increasing week of gestation (P = .036). Overweight (BMI, 25–29.9 kg/m2) gravidae similarly had a decrease of 66.31 seconds of the examination time with each additional week of gestation (P = .017). Underweight (BMI, 8.5 kg/m2) and obese (BMI, ≥30 kg/m2) gravidae did not have differences in the examination time with increasing GA. Increases in suboptimal examinations were noted with an increasing BMI (P < .001). There was a decreased frequency of suboptimal examinations in obese gravidae with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or higher with increasing GA (P = .037).ConclusionsThe duration of detailed fetal anatomic examinations decreased with increasing GA in normal‐weight and overweight gravidae but not in obese gravidae. Performing the anatomy scan earlier in class I and II obese gravidae (BMI, 30–40 kg/m2) may enable improved pregnancy management options without increasing the examination duration or likelihood of a suboptimal evaluation.
Molecular targeting therapies for neuroblastoma: Progress and challenges
Authors: Zafar Atif , Wang Wei , Liu Gang , Wang Xinjie , Xian Wa , McKeon Frank , Foster Jennifer , Zhou Jia , Zhang Ruiwen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is an urgent need to identify novel therapies for childhood cancers. Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric solid tumor, and accounts for ~15% of childhood cancer‐related mortality. Neuroblastomas exhibit genetic, morphological and clinical heterogeneity, which limits the efficacy of existing treatment modalities. Gaining detailed knowledge of the molecular signatures and genetic variations involved in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma is necessary to develop safer and more effective treatments for this devastating disease. Recent studies with advanced high‐throughput “omics” techniques have revealed numerous genetic/genomic alterations and dysfunctional pathways that drive the onset, growth, progression, and resistance of neuroblastoma to therapy. A variety of molecular signatures are being evaluated to better understand the disease, with many of them being used as targets to develop new treatments for neuroblastoma patients. In this review, we have summarized the contemporary understanding of the molecular pathways and genetic aberrations, such as those in MYCN, BIRC5, PHOX2B, and LIN28B, involved in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma, and provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular targeted therapies under preclinical and clinical investigations, particularly those targeting ALK signaling, MDM2, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and RAS‐MAPK pathways, as well as epigenetic regulators. We also give insights on the use of combination therapies involving novel agents that target various pathways. Further, we discuss the future directions that would help identify novel targets and therapeutics and improve the currently available therapies, enhancing the treatment outcomes and survival of patients with neuroblastoma.
Transcriptional profiling of embryo cryotolerance
Authors: Marsico Thamiris V. , Caetano Diana P. , Rodrigues Rafaela , Valente Roniele S. , Fontes Patricia K. , Mesquita Fernando S. , Andrade Sónia C. da Silva , Basso Andréa C. , Nogueira Marcelo F. G. , Sudano Mateus J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe cryosurvival of embryos is a complex process involving dynamic and integrated morphological, functional, and molecular changes. Here, we evaluated the transcriptional profiling of bovine embryos possessing high and low cryotolerance (HC and LC, respectively) by assessing the resumption of development. Embryos were produced in vitro (N = 1137) and cryopreserved (N = 894). Blastocysts samples possessed pronounced group individualization at RNA sequencing. A total of 114 genes were differentially expressed, and 27 and 84 genes were upregulated in HC and LC, respectively. Among the over‐represented biological functions, cellular growth and proliferation, cell death and survival, and organismal survival were predicted to be activated, while cellular movement and cell‐to‐cell signaling were predicted to be inhibited in HC embryos. Enriched canonical pathways and upstream regulators related to cellular proliferation and survival (HC), inflammatory processes, and cell death (LC) were predicted to represent two embryonic molecular profiles present during the resumption of development after cryopreservation. The marked contrast in transcriptional profiles between HC and LC strongly suggests the influence of embryonic competence after cryopreservation on its respective transcriptome and indicated that HC and LC presented two different molecular strategies to overcome cryopreservation‐related stress and resume postcryopreservation development.
Application of transition metal dichalcogenides in mid‐infrared fiber laser
Authors: Liu Mengli , Liu Wenjun , Liu Ximei , Wang Yaorong , Wei Zhongming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to the special working wavelength and superb beam quality, the mid‐infrared fiber laser has a wide application prospect in the fields of biomedicine, military defense, laser manufacturing, atmospheric detection, space communication, etc. In recent years, with the emergence of two‐dimensional (2D) saturable absorption materials, the development of mid‐infrared lasers ushered in new opportunities. In particular, as a potential 2D material, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with various types has attracted extensive attention from researchers because of its unique structural characteristics and ideal photoelectric performance. In this paper, the preparation, main properties and saturable absorption of TMDs are introduced in detail, and latest research progress of mid‐infrared lasers based on saturable absorbers at home and abroad is described.
Black phosphorus quantum dots reverse the malignant potential and enhance chemosensitivity of human renal cell carcinoma cells by targeting histone deacetylase 1 signal pathway
Authors: Tian Xin , Lang Yue , Gao Dexuan , Zhang Xiang‐Xiang , Dong Hai‐Yue , Gu Meng‐Meng , Yu Lan , Shang Zeng‐Fu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTargeted anti‐cancer therapy selectively inhibits the growth of malignant cells by interfering with cancer‐specific signaling pathways, and inflicts minimal toxicity to normal tissues. Here, the current study demonstrates black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) can target histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), which is overexpressed in multiple tumors and involved in cancer progression. The BPQDs inhibit HDAC1 activity and impair HDAC1‐mediated deacetylation of the mitotic spindle protein Eg5 in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, thereby disrupting the mitotic spindle structure and stalling cell cycle progression. Since HDAC1 regulates multiple aspects of cancer progression, BPQDs can neutralize the malignant potential of cancer cells by suppressing their proliferation and migration, and inducing apoptosis. Further in vitro assays demonstrate BPQDs significantly increase the sensitivity of RCC cells to the clinical chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel (PTX). Moreover, animal experiments also indicate the combined approach with both BPQDs and PTX displays better efficacy than PTX alone. These findings demonstrate that BPQDs have potential applications in targeted anti‐cancer therapy and can be more effectively treated with chemotherapy.
A demand partitioning framework to reserve production for small enterprises
Authors: Chen Ying‐Ju , Seshadri Sridhar , Sohoni Milind G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe reservation of goods to be produced in the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) sector, in the early years after India's independence, addressed the dual needs of development of the industrial sector and production of goods. However, these industrial policies created an incentive for firms to remain small so that they can continue to avail of the benefits provided by the Government. On the positive side, the MSMEs typically employ more labor intensive production processes and consequently contribute significantly to the provision of employment opportunities, generation of income, and poverty reduction. But, on the negative side, the policies have also partly facilitated the creation of a divide in terms of productivity between the MSMEs and large sized firms. In particular the policy raises important questions for a firm auctioning supply contracts among suppliers with a significant cost differential. In this paper we propose an idea to allocate supply contracts wherein a manufacturing firm partitions the stochastic demand into mutually exclusive portions and awards each portion to a different supplier. We characterize such an optimal procurement mechanism when there are two types of suppliers and an arbitrary number of demand portions. We show that the optimal procurement may require the manufacturer to intentionally withhold some demand portion, and this arises when one type of supplier is considerably inefficient in serving a demand portion. We extend our analysis to the cases with multiple types with two suppliers and two types with multiple suppliers. The optimal partition is composed of at most six contiguous demand portions, and it may include a detrimental demand portion that only generates a negative expected payoff to both supplier types. Our demand partitioning mechanism leads to a strictly higher manufacturer's expected payoff than the conventional winner‐take‐all case unless one supplier type completely dominates the other. We present numerical experiments that indicate when such a mechanism holds the greatest advantage for the buyer.
Citrulline as a biomarker of bacteraemia during induction treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: De Pietri Silvia , Frandsen Thomas Leth , Christensen Mette , Grell Kathrine , Rathe Mathias , Müller Klaus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSystemic infections are a major cause of morbidity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). However, identification of patients at increased risk is still a challenge. Knowing that both neutropaenia and gastrointestinal toxicity are risk factors for bacteraemia, we aimed at comparing absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) and plasma citrulline levels (indicating enterocyte loss) in children with ALL with and without bacteraemia during induction treatment.ProcedureWe prospectively included 61 children with ALL treated according to the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL‐2008 protocol. ANC and plasma C‐reactive protein (CRP) were measured on treatment days 1, 8, 15, 22 and 29. Plasma citrulline was measured on days 1, 8, 15 and 29. Bacteraemia episodes during induction treatment were recorded retrospectively.ResultsNineteen of sixty‐one (31%) patients experienced bacteraemia occurring on median day 13 (range 5‐20). Patients with bacteraemia during induction treatment had lower citrulline level on day 15 (P < .01) compared to patients without bacteraemia, indicating more severe enterocyte loss. Nevertheless, ANC was similar in the two patient groups on days 8 and 15. CRP was negatively correlated with same‐day citrulline (P < .03 for all) and ANC (P < .04 for all).ConclusionsDuring chemotherapy‐induced neutropaenia, plasma citrulline may help identify patients at increased risk of bacteraemia.