bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Only Artist in My Family: Selective Self‐Identification in University‐Level Art Students
Authors: Makemson Justin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSelf‐identification is essential to the mediation of educational outcomes, however the selective self‐identification of students as an artist remains a relatively unexplored area of research in art education. This project uses qualitative narrative analysis to deconstruct the life stories of university‐level art students, to examine formative processes underlying selective artistic self‐identification, and to discern how dispositions developed in earlier experiences impact student engagement, performance and motivation at the university level. Research findings indicate students‐as‐artist identities develop along two distinct dramaturgical positions and emphasise the importance of mentor relationships, student‐choice, open exploration, and environmental support to the development of emerging student‐as‐art identities. The researcher reviews literature broadly supporting an examination of selective self‐identification, outlines methods used to deconstruct the life stories of university‐level art students, examines evidence of emerging patterns in the data, and concludes with a short discussion of how findings of this project impact the teacher’s role in corroborating selective artistic self‐identification in students.
People with intellectual disability in Ireland are still dying young
Authors: Doyle Anne , O’Sullivan Michael , Craig Sarah , McConkey Roy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disability die younger than their non‐disabled peers. In recent years, greater attention has been paid to closing the gap. However, evidence that this is being achieved is limited by the dearth of longitudinal, national data.MethodOver 4,000 decedents identified in the Irish National Intellectual Disability Database from 2001 to 2016 were compared to deaths in the general population based on age and gender profiles using death rates and standardised mortality ratios. A binary logistic regression analysis also identified the characteristics of persons who had a higher risk of dying.ResultsIrish people with intellectual disability die younger and have a higher rate of death than their non‐disabled peers. Nor has the gap between their mortality and that of the general population closed in recent years.ConclusionsMore concentrated effort is needed in Ireland on promoting equitable access to health services for people with intellectual disability.
The effects of nuclear factor‐kappa B in pancreatic stellate cells on inflammation and fibrosis of chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Wu Nan , Xu Xiao‐Fan , Xin Jia‐Qi , Fan Jian‐Wei , Wei Yuan‐Yuan , Peng Qing‐Xia , Duan Li‐Fang , Wang Wei , Zhang Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) plays a critical role in the progression of pancreatic fibrosis. Nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) is associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Previous evidence indicated that NF‐κB in acinar cells played a double‐edged role upon pancreatic injury, whereas NF‐κB in inflammatory cells promoted the progression of CP. However, the effects of NF‐κB in PSCs have not been studied. In the present study, using two CP models and RNAi strategy of p65 in cultured PSCs, we found that the macrophage infiltration and MCP‐1 expression were increased, and the NF‐κBp65 protein level was elevated. NF‐κBp65 was co‐expressed with PSCs. In vitro, TGF‐β1 induced overexpression of the TGF‐β receptor 1, phosphorylated TGF‐β1–activated kinase 1 (p‐TAK1) and NF‐κB in the PSCs. Moreover, the concentration of MCP‐1 in the supernatant of activated PSCs was elevated. The migration of BMDMs was promoted by the supernatant of activated PSCs. Further knockdown of NF‐κBp65 in PSCs resulted in a decline of BMDM migration, accompanied by a lower production of MCP‐1. These findings indicate that TGF‐β1 can induce the activation of NF‐κB pathway in PSCs by regulating p‐TAK1, and the NF‐κB pathway in PSCs may be a target of chronic inflammation and fibrosis.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor‐induced reduction in the mean arterial pressure improved renal composite outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease: A propensity score‐matched model analysis in Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuo , Toyoda Masao , Hatori Nobuo , Furuki Takayuki , Sakai Hiroyuki , Sato Kazuyoshi , Miyakawa Masaaki , Tamura Kouichi , Kanamori Akira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionLarge‐scale clinical trials have reported that, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor treatment affords favorable renal outcomes; the underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Thus, this study investigated how SGLT2 inhibitor‐induced changes in the mean arterial pressure (MAP; denoted as ΔMAP) are associated with renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively assessed the data of 624 Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with CKD who had been using SGLT2 inhibitors for >1 year. For propensity score matching (1:1 nearest neighbor match, with caliper value = 0.053, no replacement), patients were categorized into two groups based on the ΔMAP (>−4 mmHg [n = 329] and ≤−4.0 mmHg [n = 295]). Composite albuminuria progression or a ≥15% annual reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate was regarded as the end‐point.ResultsPer group, 173 propensity‐matched patients were compared. Patients with ΔMAP ≤−4 mmHg had a significantly lower incidence of composite renal outcomes than those with ΔMAP ≥−4 mmHg (5.8% [n = 10] vs 15.6% [n = 27], P = 0.003). Although the between‐group differences in the estimated glomerular filtration rates were non‐significant, patients with a ΔMAP ≤−4 mmHg had significantly larger reductions in the logarithmic urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (P = 0.005).ConclusionsThe degree of blood pressure reduction after SGLT2 inhibitor treatment influenced renal composite outcomes in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with CKD, confirming the importance of blood pressure management in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with CKD, even when they are under SGLT2 inhibitor treatment.
Temperature and humidity based models for the prediction of transpiration rate in potatoes during storage
Authors: Kedia Priya , Kausley Shankar B. , Rai Beena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTranspiration of potatoes causes shrinkage, loss of skin firmness, and reduction in sellable weight leading to reduced returns on the stock. The knowledge about the transpiration rate of potatoes stored or being transported at different environmental conditions is necessary for predicting the weight of stock after a given period of time. In this study, models incorporating the effect of two most influential yet easily measurable parameters; temperature and humidity on transpiration rate were developed using well‐known Arrhenius equation. Since standard Arrhenius equation considers the effect of only temperature, we have employed Modified Arrhenius equations which incorporate the effect of both temperature and humidity. The experimental weight versus time data generated by storing the potatoes at different environmental conditions was used to develop these models with Root Mean Square Error of 0.13–0.32 g/kg day. These models predicted the weight of potatoes stored at different environmental conditions belonging to different potato varieties with Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 0.13–5.5. The study also presents a detailed analysis of transpiration models already available in the literature and compares them with the current model. The models developed in this study will help in making real‐time decisions to avoid food wastage in the supply chain.Practical applicationsIt is well established that weight loss occuring due to transpiration leads to degradation of potato quality. During the movement in the supply chain, potatoes may experience varying environmental conditions which influence their rate of transpiration. The knowledge about the transpiration rate of potatoes stored or being transported is necessary for predicting the weight of stock after a given period. This can further aid in decisions regarding the sale and repurposing of the stock to minimize the wastage of potatoes. In addition to this, the knowledge about the transpiration rate is important for designing Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) where the water vapor transmission rate of the packaging material is influenced by the transpiration rate.
High flow in children with respiratory failure: A randomised controlled pilot trial – A paediatric acute respiratory intervention study
Authors: Franklin Donna , Shellshear Deborah , Babl Franz E , Hendrickson Rikki , Williams Amanda , Gibbons Kristen , McEnery Kate , Kennedy Melanie , Pham Trang MT , Acworth Jason , Levitt David , Oakley Ed , Schibler Andreas ,   PARIS and PREDICT
Published: December 2020

AimsHigh‐flow is increasingly used in children with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF), despite limited evidence. The primary feasibility endpoint for this pilot‐study was the proportion of treatment failure, secondary outcomes being intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and proportion of patients requiring escalation of care. We measured duration of hospital stay, duration of oxygen therapy and rates of ICU admission.MethodsAn open‐labelled randomised controlled trial feasibility design was used in two tertiary children's hospitals in the emergency department and general wards. Children aged 0–16 years with AHRF were randomised (1:1) to either high‐flow or standard‐oxygen. Children on standard‐oxygen received rescue high‐flow in general wards if failure criteria were met.ResultsOf 563 randomised, 283 received high‐flow and 280 standard‐oxygen with no adverse events. The proportion of children who failed treatment and receiving escalation of care was 11.7% (32/283 children) on high‐flow and 18.1% (50/280 infants) on standard‐oxygen (odds ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.38–1.00). In children with obstructive airway disease, 9.7% on high‐flow and 17.4% on standard‐oxygen required escalation (risk‐difference −7.7% percentage points; 95% confidence interval −14.3, −1.1); in children with non‐obstructive disease no difference was observed. Neither difference in ICU admissions nor any difference in length of hospital stay was observed. Sixty percent of children who failed standard‐oxygen responded to rescue high‐flow.ConclusionHigh‐flow outside ICU appears to be feasible in children with AHRF and the required proportion of escalation was lower compared to standard‐oxygen. The trial design can be applied in a future large randomised controlled trial.
Effect of vitamin E level and dietary zinc source on performance and intestinal health parameters in male broilers exposed to a temperature challenge in the finisher period
Authors: De Grande Annatachja , Ducatelle Richard , Delezie Evelyne , Rapp Christof , De Smet Stefaan , Michiels Joris , Haesebrouck Freddy , Van Immerseel Filip , Leleu Saskia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of zinc source (ZnSO4 vs. zinc amino acid complex) and vitamin E level (50 IU vs. 100 IU) on performance and intestinal health of broilers exposed to a temperature challenge in the finisher period. A total of 1224 day old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly distributed among 4 dietary treatments (9 replicates per treatment). Dietary treatments were organized in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: two sources of zinc, 60 mg/kg of Zn as ZnSO4.7H2O or 60 mg/kg of Zn as zinc amino acid complexes (ZnAA) combined with two levels of vitamin E (50 or 100 IU/kg). Zinc and vitamin E were added to a wheat/rye‐based diet that was designed to create a mild nutritional challenge. From day 28 until day 36 (finisher period), all birds were subjected to chronic cyclic high temperatures (32°C ± 2°C and RH 55–65% for 6 h daily). The combination of ZnAA and 50 IU/kg of vitamin E improved weight gain in the starter (day 0–10), finisher (day 28–36) and overall period (day 0–36) and feed conversion ratio in the starter (day 0–10) and finisher phase (day 28–36). Providing Zn as ZnAA significantly improved villus length and villus/crypt ratio in the starter, grower and finisher period and decreased infiltration of T‐lymphocytes and ovotransferrin leakage in the finisher period. In conclusion, providing broilers with a diet supplemented with ZnAA and a vitamin E level of 50 IU/kg, resulted in better growth performance as compared to all other dietary treatments. Interestingly, under the conditions of this study, positive effects of ZnAA on performance did not occur when vitamin E was supplemented at 100 IU/kg in feed. Moreover, providing zinc as zinc amino acid complex improved intestinal health.
Pharmacokinetics of single dose oral Terbinafine in common shelducks (Tadorna tadorna)
Authors: Rojo‐Solís Carlos , García‐Párraga Daniel , Montesinos Andrés , Ardiaca‐García María , Álvaro Teresa , Valls Mónica , Barros‐García Carlos , Encinas Teresa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFungal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in avian species; thus, antifungals are the treatment of choice. Despite widely used in clinical practice, terbinafine pharmacokinetic studies are scarce in literature and only cover some avian families, with marked differences between them. This study evaluates the pharmacokinetic behaviour of terbinafine after a single oral administration of 60 mg/kg in 7 healthy adult common shelducks (Tadorna tadorna) by measuring plasma concentrations through high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at times 0, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hr postadministration. Noncompartmental analyses of the data showed a Cmax (geometric mean) of 5.43 µg/ml, tmax (median) 1.0 hr and AUC0‐∞ 29.70 mg h/L. Elimination half‐life was 6.33 hr and MRT 6.61 hr. Plasma concentrations remained above previously described MIC for terbinafine in some fungal species for at least 6 to 8 hr. A single oral administration of 60 mg/kg terbinafine did not produce adverse effects and could be a good treatment choice for fungal diseases in anatids.
What nation? Peasants, memory and national identity in Poland
Authors: Rauszer Michał 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the article, I analyse the ways in which peasants built their national identity within the Polish territories. The 16th century saw the emergence of the so‐called “noble democracy” founded upon the idea of “the Polish nation.” This “noble democracy,” constructed in opposition to the figure of king, was organized around the notion of civil liberty, the right to ownership and the right to decide about the state affairs. Yet, it put peasants outside of the framework of the nation. After the collapse of the state and the partitions, the founders of the modern idea of the nation within the Polish territories in the 19th century referred to that “(noble) democratic” tradition of the nation. To them, this gesture was an act of resistance against the politics of the states that had conducted the partitions. The tradition, however, became a dominant one. Peasants then build the national identity on the basis of the 16th‐century tradition which excluded them from the body of the nation, and I call this prothesis of identity.
Peripheral Guanylate Cyclase‐C modulation of corticolimbic activation and corticotropin‐releasing factor signaling in a rat model of stress‐induced colonic hypersensitivity
Authors: Ligon Casey O. , Hannig Gerhard , Greenwood‐Van Meerveld Beverley 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsychological stress is a risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome, a functional gastrointestinal pain disorder featuring abnormal brain‐gut connectivity. The guanylate cyclase‐C (GC‐C) agonist linaclotide has been shown to relieve abdominal pain in IBS‐C and exhibits antinociceptive effects in rodent models of post‐inflammatory visceral hypersensitivity. However, the role GC‐C signaling plays in psychological stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity is unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that GC‐C agonism reverses stress‐induced colonic hypersensitivity via inhibition of nociceptive afferent signaling resulting in normalization of stress‐altered corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) expression in brain regions involved in pain perception and modulation.MethodsAdult female rats were exposed to water avoidance stress or sham stress for 10 days, and the effects of linaclotide on stress‐induced changes in colonic sensitivity, corticolimbic phospho‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (pERK), and CRF expression were measured using a combination of behavioral assessments, immunohistochemistry, and qRT‐PCR.Key ResultsStressed rats exhibited colonic hypersensitivity and elevated corticolimbic pERK on day 11, which was inhibited by linaclotide. qRT‐PCR analysis revealed dysregulated CRF expression in the medial prefrontal cortex, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, and central nucleus of the amygdala on day 28. Dysregulated CRF expression was not affected by linaclotide treatment.Conclusions and InferencesOur results demonstrate that exposure to repeated stress induces chronic colonic hypersensitivity in conjunction with altered corticolimbic activation and CRF expression. GC‐C agonism attenuated stress‐induced colonic hypersensitivity and ERK phosphorylation, but had no effect on CRF expression, suggesting the analgesic effects of linaclotide occur independent of stress‐driven CRF gene expression in corticolimbic circuitry.
Successful engraftment of haploidentical stem cell transplant with post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide in a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency
Authors: Medina Diego , Aristizabal Ana M. , Madroñero Tatiana , Perez Paola , Patiño Niño Jaime , Olaya Manuela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSCID are characterized by an imbalance in cellular and humoral immunity. Enzyme ADA deficiency represents from 10% to 15% of the SCID. This generates diminished maturation of the cell precursors. Treatments include enzyme replacement therapy, allogenic, or autologous HSCT with gene therapy, with HSCT being of choice when an identical HLA donor exists.Case reportMale patient, without relevant family antecedents or consanguinity. The patient had multiple infections during the first months of life, evidencing low immunoglobulin levels, with absence of T and B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. Severe combined immunodeficiencies are considered due to ADA deficiency; management was begun and is derived to our hospital. Admission at 8 months of life, with chronic malnutrition and psychomotor retardation. The HLA studies were conducted without finding an identical donor, taken to HSCT with haploidentical donor. Conditioning regimen with cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, melphalan, and thymoglobulin. This patient received prophylaxis for graft‐versus‐host disease with cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, and methotrexate. A 22 months post‐transplant, the patient was without immunosuppressants or immunoglobulin, without evidence of graft‐versus‐host disease or new infections.ConclusionsThe ADA deficiency is an infrequent pathology that can be potentially fatal if adequate treatment is not started. Haploidentical HSCT, using post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide, emerges as a viable option with which good results can be achieved and improve the quality of life in patients with no other therapeutic alternatives.
Snapshot Models of Undocumented Immigration
Authors: Rodilitz Scott , Kaplan Edward H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAccurately estimating the size of the undocumented immigrant population is a critical component of assessing the health and security risks of undocumented immigration to the United States. To provide one such estimate, we use data from the Mexican Migration Project (MMP), a study that includes samples of undocumented Mexican immigrants to the United States after their return to Mexico. Of particular interest are the departure and return dates of a sampled migrant's most recent sojourn in the United States, and the total number of such journeys undertaken by that migrant household, for these data enable the construction of data‐driven undocumented immigration models. However, such data are subject to an extreme physical bias, for to be included in such a sample, a migrant must have returned to Mexico by the time of the survey, excluding those undocumented immigrants still in the United States. In our analysis, we account for this bias by jointly modeling trip timing and duration to produce the likelihood of observing the data in such a “snapshot” sample. Our analysis characterizes undocumented migration flows including single‐visit migrants, repeat visitors, and “retirement” from circular migration. Starting with 1987, we apply our models to 30 annual random snapshot surveys of returned undocumented Mexican migrants accounting for undocumented Mexican migration from 1980 to 2016. Scaling to population quantities and supplementing our analysis of southern border crossings with estimates of visa overstays, we produce lower bounds on the total number of undocumented immigrants that are much larger than conventional estimates based on U.S.‐based census‐linked surveys, and broadly consistent with the more recent estimates reported by Fazel‐Zarandi, Feinstein, and Kaplan.
Diversification of true water bugs revealed by transcriptome‐based phylogenomics
Authors: Wang Yanhui , Moreira Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo , Rédei Dávid , Chen Pingping , Kuechler Stefan Martin , Luo Jiuyang , Men Yu , Wu Haoyang , Xie Qiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTrue water bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) are among the most common insects of freshwater ecosystems, comprising approximately 2300 extant species spread over five recognized superfamilies, including Corixoidea, Nepoidea, Ochteroidea, Notonectoidea and Naucoroidea. They exhibit striking morphological and behavioural adaptations to various freshwater environments, including oar‐like swimming legs, breathing siphons or plastron respiration. The phylogeny of Nepomorpha remains contentious, particularly for the early‐diverging lineage, which has hindered the understanding of the evolution of morphology and respiratory behaviour within the clade. In the present study, we assembled a large‐scale phylogenomic dataset, including 2018 single‐copy, protein‐coding gene sequences from 85 representative species of heteropterans (44 nepomorphans) to investigate the phylogeny of Nepomorpha and the corresponding implications for character evolution. Our inferences suggest that Corixoidea is the sister group of the remaining Nepomorpha, then Nepoidea and Ochteroidea; these clades successively branched in the Triassic, following the end‐Permian extinction event about 251 million years ago. The five superfamilies radiated in the Jurassic, when geological reconfigurations and drastic climate changes occurred. An ancestral state reconstruction demonstrated that the ancestral respiration type in true water bugs is likely a simple air‐bubble type, which was widely utilized in true water bugs. Subsequently, different clades have evolved variously specialized adaptations to improve its efficiency. We propose that the crawling legs of Nepidae are secondary or symplesiomorphic characters, which cannot serve as the evidence for the sister group role of Nepoidea to the remaining nepomorphans.