bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus demand and uptake during growth and maturation of the brown alga Sargassum macrocarpum
Authors: Ohtake Masahiro , Nishihara Gregory N. , Inoue Yukio , Tsuchiya Kenji , Toda Tatsuki 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYWe investigated the monthly variations of estimated in‐situ uptake and growth‐related demand for phosphorus in Sargassum macrocarpum during a growth period from December 2017 to April 2018, a maturation period from May to August 2018, and the second‐growth period from September 2018 to January 2019. Phosphate uptake was relatively low during maturation and high during growth, and coincided with changes in external phosphate levels. The demand for phosphorus was at its highest in March 2018, which corresponded with the highest growth rate and tissue phosphorus levels. Thereafter, the demand was relatively constant between April 2018 and January 2019. Consequently, the uptake rate exceeded demand from December 2017 to February 2018 and December 2018 to January 2019, suggesting that phosphorus accumulated in tissues. Additionally, the uptake rates between March 2018 and November 2018 were 0.1–0.8 times lower than the demand, probably resulting in the effective use of stored phosphorus to sustain growth during this phosphate‐depleted period. The variations between estimated uptake and demands for P found in S. macrocarpum indicate that P dynamics vary with life stage and are implicitly linked to the season.
Human rights of minors and future generations: Global trends and EU environmental law particularities
Authors: Bogojević Sanja 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA growing global wave of climate change litigation is led by minors, relying on their human rights, as well as those of future generations against governments and their failure to take action on climate change. Such litigation is emerging also before the Court of Justice of the European Union, where the ambitiousness of the EU’s climate change policies, embodied in the 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework, is challenged. This may suggest a possible ‘rights turn’ in EU climate change litigation, where the use of rights claims intensifies and allows stakeholders traditionally excluded from decision making to raise their concerns in a judicial forum. This article explains why this trend has failed to materialize in the EU through an analysis of EU environmental law particularities. From this view, it shows the shortcomings of the 2030 Framework, and by drawing inspiration from successful enforcement of statutory obligations in EU air quality legislation, the article suggests how these may be remedied in future legislative action.
Disaggregating public‐private governance interactions: European Union interventions in transnational private sustainability governance
Authors: Renckens Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransnational private sustainability governance, such as eco‐certification, does not operate in a regulatory or jurisdictional vacuum. A public authority may intervene in private governance for various reasons, including to improve private governance's efficient functioning or to assert public regulatory primacy. This article argues that to properly understand the nature of public‐private governance interactions—whether more competitive or complementary—we need to disaggregate a public authority's intervention. The article distinguishes between four features of private governance in which a public authority can intervene: standard setting, procedural aspects, supply chain signaling, and compliance incentives. Using the cases of the European Union's policies on organic agriculture and biofuels production, the article shows that public‐private governance interaction dynamics vary across these private governance features as well as over time. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the importance of active lobbying by private governance actors in influencing these dynamics and the resulting policy outputs.
Canine intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion into the systemic circulation is commonly through primary hepatic veins as assessed with CT angiography
Authors: Plested Mark J. , Zwingenberger Allison L. , Brockman Daniel J. , Hecht Silke , Secrest Scott , Culp William T.N. , Drees Randi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCongenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IHPSS) in dogs are traditionally classified as right, left, or central divisional. There are few descriptive studies regarding the variation of IHPSS within these categories. This multicenter, analytical, cross‐sectional study aimed to describe a large series of dogs with CT angiography (CTA) of IHPSS, hypothesizing that there would be variation to the existing classification. Ninety CTA studies were assessed for IHPSS type, insertion, and the relationship of the insertion to the primary hepatic veins. Ninety‐two percent of IHPSS inserted into a primary hepatic vein (HV) or phrenic vein, 8% inserted directly into the ventral aspect of the intrahepatic caudal vena cava. The most common IHPSS type was a single right divisional (44%), including those inserting via the right lateral HV or the caudate HV. Left divisional IHPSS (33%) inserted into the left HV or left phrenic vein. Central divisional IHPSS (13%) inserted into the quadrate HV, central HV, dorsal right medial HV, or directly into the ventral aspect of the intrahepatic caudal vena cava. Multiple sites of insertion were seen in 9% of dogs. Within left, central, and right divisional types, further subclassifications can therefore commonly be defined based on the hepatic veins with which the shunting vessel communicates. Relating IHPSS morphology to the receiving primary HV could make IHPSS categorization more consistent and may influence the type and method of IHPSS attenuation recommended.
Multilevel Hierarchical Estimation for Thermal Management Systems of Electrified Vehicles With Experimental Validation
Authors: Tannous Pamela J. , Alleyne Andrew G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a multilevel model-based hierarchical estimation framework for complex thermal management systems of electrified vehicles. System dynamics are represented by physics-based lumped parameter models derived from a graph-based modeling approach. The complexity of the hierarchical models is reduced by applying an aggregation-based model-order reduction technique that preserves the physical correspondence between a reduced-order model and the physical system. This paper also presents a case study in which a hierarchical observer is designed to estimate the dynamics of a candidate system. The hierarchical observer is connected to a previously developed hierarchical controller for closed-loop control, and the closed-loop performance is demonstrated through simulation and real-time experimental results. A comparison between the proposed hierarchical observer and a centralized observer shows the tradeoff between the estimation accuracy and the computational complexity of the two approaches.
Magnetic–Internal–Kinetic Energy Interactions in High-Speed Turbulent Magnetohydrodynamic Jets
Authors: Praturi Divya Sri , Girimaji Sharath S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the interactions between turbulent kinetic, internal, and magnetic energies in planar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) jets at different regimes of Mach and Alfvén Mach numbers. Toward this end, temporal simulations of planar MHD jets are performed, using two types of initial fluctuating velocity field: (i) single velocity perturbation mode with a streamwise wavevector and (ii) random, isotropic perturbations over a band of wavevectors. At low Mach numbers, magnetic tension work results in a reversible exchange of energy between fluctuating velocity and magnetic fields. At high Alfvén Mach numbers, this exchange results in the equipartition of turbulent kinetic and magnetic energies. At higher Mach numbers, dilatational kinetic energy is (reversibly) exchanged with internal and magnetic energies, by means of pressure-dilatation and magnetic-pressure-dilatation, respectively. Therefore, at high Mach and Alfvén Mach numbers, dilatational kinetic energy is seen to be in equipartition with the sum of turbulent internal and magnetic energies. In each of the regimes, the consequent effect of the interactions on the background Kelvin–Helmholtz vortex evolution is also identified.
Direct Numerical Simulation of the Segre–Silberberg Effect Using Immersed Boundary Method
Authors: Esipov Denis V. , Chirkov Denis V. , Kuranakov Dmitriy S. , Lapin Vasiliy N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
One of the fundamental phenomena associated with the transport of rigid particles by the fluid flow in narrow ducts and tubes is the Segre–Silberberg effect. Experimental observations show that a spherical particle transported by the fluid flow in a long channel occupies a position of equilibrium between the wall and the centerline of the channel. In this study, this effect was numerically investigated using a novel semi-implicit immersed boundary method based on the discrete forcing approach. A uniform Cartesian mesh is used for the duct, whereas a moving Lagrangian mesh is used to track the position of the particle. Unlike previous studies, both cases of the duct geometry are considered: a round tube and a flat channel. Good agreement is shown to the available theoretical and numerical results of other studies. The problem is described by two dimensionless parameters, the channel Reynolds number, and the relative particle diameter. Parametric studies to these parameters were carried out, showing fundamental dependencies of equilibrium position on Reynolds number from 20 to 500 and on relative particle diameter from 0.2 to 0.7. It is demonstrated that the position of equilibrium becomes closer to the wall with the increase of Reynolds number, as well as with the decrease of particle diameter. In addition, the dependence of particle velocity on its diameter is investigated. The obtained results are of both theoretical and practical interest, with possible applications ranging from proppant transport to the design of microfluidic devices.
Weathering profiles, mass-balance analysis, and rates of solute loss: Linkages between weathering and erosion in a small, steep catchment
Authors: Anderson Suzanne Prestrud , Dietrich William E. , Brimhall George H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In a headwater catchment in the Oregon Coast Range, we find that solid-phase mass losses due to chemical weathering are equivalent in the bedrock and the soil. However, the long-term rate of mass loss per unit volume of parent rock is greater in the soil than in the rock. We attribute this finding to the effects of biotic processes in the soil and to hydrologic conditions that maximize contact time and water flux through the mineral matrix in the soil. This result stems both from earlier work in which we demonstrated that rock and soil contribute equally to the solute flux and from arguments presented here that the basin is in dynamic equilibrium with respect to erosion and uplift. The silica flux of 10.7 ± 7.1 t·km−2·yr−1 from the basin is several times larger than the flux from older soils elsewhere, but comparable to the flux from sites with similar physical erosion rates. This result argues that physical denudation or uplift rates play an important role in setting the chemical denudation rate. Physical processes appear to influence chemical-weathering rates in several ways. First, they limit chemical evolution by removing material, thus setting the residence time within the weathered rock and the soil. Second, bioturbation mixes rock fragments into the more reactive soil and maintains high soil porosity, allowing free circulation of water. Because the weathering in the soil is more intense than in the rock, we argue that the chemical denudation rate will diminish where uplift rates—and, hence, physical-denudation rates—are great enough to lead to a bedrock-dominated landscape. Chemical denudation rates will increase with physical-denudation rates, but only as long as the landscape remains mantled by soil.
Flank sliding: A valve and a sentinel for paroxysmal eruptions and magma ascent at Mount Etna, Italy
Authors: Pezzo Giuseppe , Palano Mimmo , Tolomei Cristiano , De Gori Pasquale , Calcaterra Stefano , Gambino Piera , Chiarabba Claudio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRising magma, dike intrusions, and flank collapse are observed at many volcanoes worldwide, but how they interact is still poorly documented. Extensive synthetic aperture radar interferometry and continuous global positioning system observations captured a sharp dike intrusion at Mount Etna, Italy, during the 2018 paroxysm that triggered a vigorous seaward sliding of the eastern flank connected with brittle failure and deep magmatic resourcing. We propose a feedback process between flank acceleration and magma intrusion that derives from the interaction between the long- and short-term deformation of the volcano. The flank sliding acts as a valve that modulates the emplacement and eruption of magma within the shallow system. Rapid flank acceleration could potentially evolve into sudden collapses and seismic release at shallow depth. In turn, flank slip events could act as a sentinel for changes in magma depth and paroxysmal eruptions at Mount Etna.
Effectiveness of a brief lifestyle intervention targeting mental health staff: analysis of physical fitness and activity in the Keeping Our Staff in Mind study
Authors: Fibbins Hamish , Ward Philip B , Curtis Jackie , Watkins Andrew , Lederman Oscar , Morell Rachel , Rosenbaum Simon 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPeople with mental illness die on average 15 years less than the general population, primarily to cardiometabolic disease. Lifestyle interventions are effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk but are not routinely provided to mental health consumers. Lifestyle interventions targeting mental health staff may be beneficial in changing culture surrounding physical health and subsequently improving consumer outcomes. This study examines exercise and fitness outcomes of a targeted lifestyle intervention directed at Australian mental health staff.MethodsA pragmatic single-arm intervention study was conducted within an Australian public mental health service. Mental health staff were provided a five-session individualised lifestyle intervention (incorporating exercise and nutritional counselling) over 5 weeks. Two waves of the programme were delivered between 2015 and 2016. This paper examines the exercise and fitness outcomes of the second wave of the study. Participants were assessed at baseline and at a 16-week follow-up. The primary exercise outcome was a measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness. Secondary outcomes included self-reported physical activity and a measurement of handgrip strength.ResultsA total of 106 staff participated in this component of the study. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased significantly from baseline to follow-up (p<0.001). Significant improvements to physical activity occurred with decreases in sedentary time (p<0.0005) and increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p<0.005).ConclusionLifestyle interventions incorporating exercise counselling may improve the physical health of mental health staff. Such strategies may be effective in improving culture surrounding physical health and/or increasing the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions targeting mental health consumers.
Long-term outcomes in patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis receiving adalimumab with or without methotrexate
Authors: Lovell Daniel J , Brunner Hermine I , Reiff Andreas O , Jung Lawrence , Jarosova Katerina , Němcová Dana , Mouy Richard , Sandborg Christy , Bohnsack John F , Elewaut Dirk , Gabriel Christos , Higgins Gloria , Kone-Paut Isabelle , Jones Olcay Y , Vargová Veronika , Chalom Elizabeth , Wouters Carine , Lagunes Ivan , Song Yanna , Martini Alberto , Ruperto Nicolino ,   for the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group (PRCSG) and the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO)
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesLong-term safety and efficacy of adalimumab among patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) was evaluated through 6 years of treatment.MethodsChildren aged 4–17 years with polyarticular JIA were enrolled in a phase III, randomised-withdrawal, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial consisting of a 16-week open-label lead-in period, 32-week randomised double-blind period and 360-week long-term extension. Patients were stratified by baseline methotrexate use. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored, and efficacy assessments included JIA American College of Rheumatology (JIA ACR) 30%, 50%, 70% or 90% responses and the proportions of patients achieving 27-joint Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS27) low disease activity (LDA, ≤3.8) and inactive disease (ID, ≤1).ResultsOf 171 patients enrolled, 62 (36%) completed the long-term extension. Twelve serious infections in 11 patients were reported through 592.8 patient-years of exposure. No cases of congestive heart failure-related AEs, demyelinating disease, lupus-like syndrome, malignancies, tuberculosis or deaths were reported. JIA ACR 30/50/70/90 responses and JADAS27 LDA were achieved in 66% to 96% of patients at week 104, and 63 (37%) patients achieved clinical remission (JADAS27 ID sustained for ≥6 continuous months) during the study. Attainment of JIA ACR 50 or higher and JADAS27 LDA or ID in the initial weeks were the best predictors of clinical remission. Mean JADAS27 decreased from baseline, 22.5 (n=170), to 2.5 (n=30) at week 312 (observed analysis).ConclusionsThrough 6 years of exposure, adalimumab was well tolerated with significant clinical response (up to clinical remission) and a relatively low retention rate.
Impairment of cognition and sleep after acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in Chinese patients: design, rationale and baseline patient characteristics of a nationwide multicentre prospective registry
Authors: Wang Yongjun , Liao Xiaoling , Wang Chunxue , Zhang Ning , Zuo Lijun , Yang Yang , Pan Yuesong , Xiang Xianglong , Jing Jing , Meng Xia , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yilong , Shi Jiong , Li Hao 
Published: July 2020

Background and aimCognitive impairment and sleep disorder are both common poststroke conditions and are closely related to the prognosis of patients who had a stroke. The Impairment of CognitiON and Sleep after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in Chinese patients (ICONS) study is a nationwide multicentre prospective registry to investigate the occurrence and associated factors of cognitive impairment and sleep disorder after acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).MethodsConsecutive AIS or TIA in-hospital patients within 7 days after onset were enrolled from 40 participating sites in China. Comprehensive baseline clinical and imaging data were collected prospectively. Blood and urine samples were also collected on admission and follow-up visits. Patients were interviewed face to face for cognition and sleep related outcomes at 2 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after AIS/TIA and followed up for clinical outcomes by telephone annually over 5 years.ResultsBetween August 2015 and January 2018, a total of 2625 patients were enrolled. 92.65% patients had AIS and 7.35% patients had TIA. Overall, the average age was 61.04 years, and 72.38% patients were male. Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 3 in AIS patients.ConclusionsThe ICONS study is a large-scale nationwide prospective registry to investigate occurrence and the longitudinal changes of cognitive impairment and sleep disorder after AIS or TIA. Data from this registry may also provide opportunity to evaluate associated factors of cognitive impairment or sleep disorder after AIS or TIA and their impact on clinical outcome.
Robert C. Merton: The First Financial Engineer
Authors: Lo Andrew W. 
Published: July 2020

This is an edited version of a talk given at the Robert C. Merton 75th Birthday Celebration Conference held at MIT on August 5 and 6, 2019. A video of the talk is available at https://bit.ly/2nvITM6 . This article is one of a pair of articles published in this volume about Robert C. Merton's contributions to the science of financial economics. The other article in this pair is “ Robert C. Merton and the Science of Finance ” by Zvi Bodie.
Vessel Fractional Flow Reserve and Graft Vasculopathy in Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Nagumo Sakura , Gallinoro Emanuele , Candreva Alessandro , Mizukami Takuya , Monizzi Giovanni , Kodeboina Monika , Verstreken Sofie , Dierckx Riet , Heggermont Ward , Bartunek Jozef , Goethals Marc , Buytaert Dimitri , De Bruyne Bernard , Sonck Jeroen , Collet Carlos , Vanderheyden Marc 
Published: July 2020

Background. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains the Achilles’ heel of long-term survival after heart transplantation (HTx). The severity and extent of CAV is graded with conventional coronary angiography (COR) which has several limitations. Recently, vessel“It is very important for the corresponding author to have a linked ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) account on MTS. To register a linked ORCID account, please go to the Account Update page (http://mts.hindawi.com/update/) in our Manuscript Tracking System and after you have logged in click on the ORCID link at the top of the page. This link will take you to the ORCID website where you will be able to create an account for yourself. Once you have done so, your new ORCID will be saved in our Manuscript Tracking System automatically.”"?> fractional flow reserve (vFFR) derived from COR has emerged as a diagnostic computational tool to quantify the functional severity of coronary artery disease. Purpose. The present study assessed the usefulness of vFFR to detect CAV in HTx recipients. Methods. In HTx patients referred for annual check-up, undergoing surveillance COR, the extent of CAV was graded according to the criteria proposed by the international society of heart and lung transplantation (ISHLT). In addition, three-dimensional coronary geometries were constructed from COR to calculate pressure losses using vFFR. Results. In 65 HTx patients with a mean age of 53.7 ± 10.1 years, 8.5 years (IQR 1.90, 15.2) years after HTx, a total number of 173 vessels (59 LAD, 61 LCX, and 53 RCA) were analyzed. The mean vFFR was 0.84 ± 0.15 and median was 0.88 (IQR 0.79, 0.94). A vFFR ≤ 0.80 was present in 24 patients (48 vessels). HTx patients with a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP) had numerically lower vFFR as compared to those with non-ICMP (0.70 ± 0.22 vs. 0.79 ± 0.13, p=0.06). The use of vFFR reclassified 31.9% of patients compared to the anatomical ISHLT criteria. Despite a CAV score of 0, a pathological vFFR ≤ 0.80 was detected in 8 patients (34.8%). Conclusion. The impairment in epicardial conductance assessed by vFFR in a subgroup of patients without CAV according to standard ISHLT criteria suggests the presence of a diffuse vasculopathy undetectable by conventional angiography. Therefore, we speculate that vFFR may be useful in risk stratification after HTx.
ПРОФІЛАКТИКА ІНФІКУВАННЯ ВІРУСНИМ ГЕПАТИТОМ С НА РОБОЧОМУ МІСЦІ
Authors: Kosa T. V. 
Published: July 2020

Вірусний гепатит С – інфекційне захворювання з контактним механізмом передачі збудника, якому властивий тривалий прихований перебіг. Можливий подальший розвиток хронічного гепатиту, цирозу та/або первинного раку печінки. Збудник гепатиту С – однонитковий РНК-вмісний вірус роду Hepacivirus родини Flaviviridae.