bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A machine learning approach for imputation and anomaly detection in IoT environment
Authors: Vangipuram Radhakrishna , Gunupudi Rajesh Kumar , Puligadda Veereswara Kumar , Vinjamuri Janaki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe problem of anomaly and attack detection in IoT environment is one of the prime challenges in the domain of internet of things that requires an immediate concern. For example, anomalies and attacks in IoT environment such as scan, malicious operation, denial of service, spying, data type probing, wrong setup, malicious control can lead to failure of an IoT system. Datasets generated in an IoT environment usually have missing values. The presence of missing values makes the classifier unsuitable for classification task. This article introduces (a) a novel imputation technique for imputation of missing data values (b) a classifier which is based on feature transformation to perform classification (c) imputation measure for similarity computation between any two instances that can also be used as similarity measure. The performance of proposed classifier is studied by using imputed datasets obtained through applying Kmeans, F‐Kmeans and proposed imputation methods. Experiments are also conducted by applying existing and proposed classifiers on the imputed dataset obtained using proposed imputation technique. For experimental study in this article, we have used an open source dataset named distributed smart space orchestration system publicly available from Kaggle. Experiment results obtained are also validated using Wilcoxon non‐parametric statistical test. It is proved that the performance of proposed approach is better when compared to existing classifiers when the imputation process is performed using F‐Kmeans and K‐Means imputation techniques. It is also observed that accuracies for attack classes scan, malicious operation, denial of service, spying, data type probing, wrong setup are 100% while it is 99% for malicious control attack class when the proposed imputation and classification technique are applied.
Differential effects of alliin and allicin on apoptosis and senescence in luminal A and triple‐negative breast cancer: Caspase, ΔΨm, and pro‐apoptotic gene involvement
Authors: Rosas‐González Vida Celeste , Téllez‐Bañuelos Martha Cecilia , Hernández‐Flores Georgina , Bravo‐Cuellar Alejandro , Aguilar-Lemarroy Adriana , Jave‐Suárez Luis Felipe , Haramati Jesse , Solorzano‐Ibarra Fabiola , Ortiz‐Lazareno Pablo Cesar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide, and drug resistance is common in all breast cancer types. The combination of natural products with chemotherapies has attracted attention, as it was found that natural compounds enhance the effects of standard cancer chemotherapeutic drugs and protect from side effects. Into the different natural products, garlic has been recognized for its antitumor properties. It is suggested that its anticancer effects are associated with its organo‐sulfur compounds, especially alliin and allicin. Here, we evaluated the effects of both molecules on cell death, senescence, and their senolytic potential in luminal A and triple‐negative breast cancer cells. MCF‐7 (luminal A) and HCC‐70 (triple‐negative) cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of alliin or allicin. Then, cell viability was determined using the WST‐1 reagent. Apoptosis and caspase activity were evaluated by flow cytometry; ΔΨm was assessed using a JC‐10 fluorometric assay kit. Apoptosis‐related genes were evaluated by RT‐PCR. Proliferation was measured using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. We also evaluated clonogenicity, senescence (β‐Galactosidase Staining), and the senolytic effect of the compounds. Our results showed that allicin has antiproliferative, anticlonogenic, and senolytic effects. In addition, allicin decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis by loss of ΔΨm, caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and caspase‐9 activation, upregulation of NOXA, P21, and BAK, as well as downregulation of BCL‐XL expression. Contrary to allicin, alliin promoted clonogenicity, induced senescence, and did not exhibit pro‐apoptotic effects in breast cancer cells.
Are potentially inappropriate and anticholinergic medications being prescribed for institutionalized elderly subjects?
Authors: Bourrel Claire , Zacarin Alice , Rousseau Vanessa , Montastruc Jean‐Louis , Bagheri Haleh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe PAAPI project (Optimising Inappropriate Prescriptions in the Elderly) is a multi‐disciplinary approach put in place by the Toulouse Pharmacovigilance Centre (CRPV) in order to improve drug prescribing practice in nursing homes. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between polypharmacy, frequency of prescriptions for potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and the anticholinergic burden of prescriptions in elderly patients from the PAAPI cohort. We carried out a retrospective study on residents of 24 nursing homes (EHPAD) participating in the PAAPI programme between 1er January 2017 and 31 December. Resident’s Data were collected in a single review in a random day. Drug prescriptions were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. PIMs and anticholinergic drugs were identified by the list EU(7)PIM and the Duran scale, respectively. The total anticholinergic burden was calculated by adding the anticholinergic scores of each drug. We classified the drugs into three categories: no anticholinergic burden (burden = 0), low anticholinergic burden (≥1 ≤ 3) or high anticholinergic burden (burden > 3). A total of 1191 residents living were included, and we analysed 8869 drug prescription lines. The average age of the residents was 87.0 ± 8.3 years, and the majority (71.5%) were female. Nearly half of the residents (49.6%, n = 67) having a prescription with a high anticholinergic burden were taking more than 9 drugs (Fisher exact test P < 0.05). All the prescriptions with more than 5 PIMs (n = 23) had an anticholinergic burden > 0, with the majority (65.2%, n = 15) having a high anticholinergic burden (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.0001). In this cohort, 88% (n = 539) of prescriptions with a low anticholinergic burden and 100% (n = 135) of prescriptions with a high anticholinergic burden included at least one PIM. According to our study, the anticholinergic burden of prescriptions given to residents in the PAAPI cohort is associated with the prescription of PIMs and with polypharmacy. Optimizing the use of medicines remains essential in this population, given the harmful properties of these drugs. It would also be useful for the list of anticholinergic drugs to be updated as new medicines come onto the market.
Crystal plasticity finite‐element modelling of cyclic deformation and crack initiation in a nickel‐based single‐crystal superalloy under low‐cycle fatigue
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhao Liguo , Jiang Rong , Bullough Chris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNickel‐based single‐crystal superalloys are predominantly used for turbine blades in aircraft engines and land‐based gas turbines. Understanding and predicting the fatigue failure of Ni‐based single‐crystal superalloys are critical to ensure the safety of these components during operation. In this paper, low‐cycle fatigue experiments were carried out to investigate cyclic deformation of a nickel‐based single‐crystal superalloy MD2, recently developed by GE Power, with different crystallographic orientations. Specialty in situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests were also conducted to study the slip‐controlled initiation of short cracks under low‐cycle fatigue. In particular, the stress–strain response for both [001] and [111] orientations was used to calibrate a crystal plasticity model, which allowed us to simulate the activation of crystallographic slip systems and predict the initiation of short fatigue crack. Using the accumulated shear strain as a criterion, the simulations confirmed that the slip system with the maximum accumulated shear strain appeared to control the crack initiation. The location and direction of slip traces and short cracks, captured by the crystal plasticity finite‐element simulations, agreed with the in situ SEM observations. The modelling tool will be valuable for assessing the structural integrity of critical gas turbine blades.
Ensemble projections elucidate effects of uncertainty in terrestrial nitrogen limitation on future carbon uptake
Authors: Meyerholt Johannes , Sickel Kerstin , Zaehle Sönke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe magnitude of the nitrogen (N) limitation of terrestrial carbon (C) storage over the 21st century is highly uncertain because of the complex interactions between the terrestrial C and N cycles. We use an ensemble approach to quantify and attribute process‐level uncertainty in C‐cycle projections by analysing a 30‐member ensemble representing published alternative representations of key N cycle processes (stoichiometry, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and ecosystem N losses) within the framework of one terrestrial biosphere model. Despite large differences in the simulated present‐day N cycle, primarily affecting simulated productivity north of 40°N, ensemble members generally conform with global C‐cycle benchmarks for present‐day conditions. Ensemble projections for two representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5) show that the increase in land C storage due to CO2fertilization is reduced by 24 ± 15% due to N constraints, whereas terrestrial C losses associated with climate change are attenuated by 19 ± 20%. As a result, N cycling reduces projected land C uptake for the years 2006–2099 by 19% (37% decrease to 3% increase) for RCP 2.6, and by 21% (40% decrease to 9% increase) for RCP 8.5. Most of the ensemble spread results from uncertainty in temperate and boreal forests, and is dominated by uncertainty in BNF (10% decrease to 50% increase for RCP 2.6, 5% decrease to 100% increase for RCP 8.5). However, choices about the flexibility of ecosystem C:N ratios and processes controlling ecosystem N losses regionally also play important roles. The findings of this study demonstrate clearly the need for an ensemble approach to quantify likely future terrestrial C–N cycle trajectories. Present‐day C‐cycle observations only weakly constrain the future ensemble spread, highlighting the need for better observational constraints on large‐scale N cycling, and N cycle process responses to global change.
The greening of the Northern Great Plains and its biogeochemical precursors
Authors: Brookshire E. N. Jack , Stoy Paul C. , Currey Bryce , Finney Bruce 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVegetation greenness has increased across much of the global land surface over recent decades. This trend is projected to continue—particularly in northern latitudes—but future greening may be constrained by nutrient availability needed for plant carbon (C) assimilation in response to CO2enrichment (eCO2). eCO2impacts foliar chemistry and function, yet the relative strengths of these effects versus climate in driving patterns of vegetative greening remain uncertain. Here we combine satellite measurements of greening with a 135 year record of plant C and nitrogen (N) concentrations and stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) of North America to examine N constraints on greening. We document significant greening over the past two decades with the highest proportional increases in net greening occurring in the dries and warmest areas. In contrast to the climate dependency of greening, we find spatially uniform increases in leaf‐level intercellular CO2and intrinsic water use efficiency that track rising atmospheric CO2. Despite large spatial variation in greening, we find sustained and climate‐independent declines in foliar N over the last century. Parallel declines in foliar δ15N and increases in C:N ratios point to diminished N availability as the likely cause. The simultaneous increase in greening and decline in foliar N across our study area points to increased N use efficiency (NUE) over the last two decades. However, our results suggest that plant NUE responses are likely insufficient to sustain observed greening trends in NGP grasslands in the future.
Improved β‐diversity estimators based on multiple‐site dissimilarity: Distinguishing the sample from the population
Authors: Fortin Mathieu , Kondratyeva Anna , Van Couwenberghe Rosalinde 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimβ‐diversity is often measured through incidence‐based dissimilarity indices, such as the Simpson and Sørensen indices. Multiple‐site versions of these indices, which have been recently developed, enhance the accountability of global heterogeneity relative to the original formulations. However, they are known to be sensitive to the number of sites, which hinders the comparison of β‐diversity between two populations of unequal sizes. Moreover, the populations are never completely measured and the dissimilarity must be estimated from a sample of sites.InnovationIn this study, we propose adapted multiple‐site versions of the Simpson, Sørensen and nestedness indices that are population size‐independent as well as estimators of these indices. The properties of the indices and their estimators were tested through simulation studies. These simulation studies show that the adapted indices were population size‐independent. The estimators and their estimated standard errors were nearly unbiased for moderate sample sizes (n ≥ 25).Main conclusionsThese estimators of these adapted multiple‐site dissimilarity indices now make it possible to compare the β‐diversity of two populations of unequal sizes.
Environment resilience and public health: Assessing healthcare's vulnerability to climate change in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Chen Tingting , Radke John D. , Lang Wei , Li Xun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the vulnerability of people's health to the impact of climate change on healthcare accessibility in the San Francisco Bay Area. The study developed spatial analysis models in ArcGIS with a high‐resolution elevation data set (1 m raster base map) and summarized the scenario assessments of the associations between healthcare and the populations vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The results reveal that 34.3% of low‐income households could reach hospitals in the baseline scenario. In the peak water level (PWL) (140) scenario, 33.3% of low‐income households were within 30 min of the nearest hospital. In the baseline scenario, hospitals were accessible to 35.9% of the general population, whereas in the PWL (140) scenario the percentage was slightly lower, with 35.1% having access to hospitals. Healthcare reform increased the accessibility of hospitals to low‐income households, and these populations had equal access in the PWL (140) scenario. However, access to healthcare is controlled by distance and other variables, including income, insurance, spatial distribution, and transportation mobility. The findings and implications of this study address the explicit recognition in strategic planning of the effects of climate change in adopting policies to benefit health in the future.
Helicobacter pylori “Test‐and‐Treat” strategy with urea breath test: A cost‐effective strategy for the management of dyspepsia and the prevention of ulcer and gastric cancer in Spain—Results of the Hp‐Breath initiative
Authors: Beresniak Ariel , Malfertheiner Peter , Franceschi Francesco , Liebaert Francois , Salhi Hocine , Gisbert Javier P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundData from clinical trials comparing Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) management strategies in patients with dyspepsia are limited. Cost‐effectiveness simulation models might help to identify the optimal strategy.ObjectiveTo assess the cost‐effectiveness of the H. pylori "Test and Treat" (T&T) strategy including the use of urea breath test (UBT) vs symptomatic treatment (ST) and vs upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) as a first procedure in patients with dyspepsia.MethodsThree main strategies: “T&T” strategy including the use of UBT, "UGE" and "ST" have been compared using cost‐effectiveness models developed in accordance with the Spanish medical practice. For the model simulations, a time horizon of 4 weeks was considered for the endpoint "Dyspepsia symptoms relief" and 10 years when using "Peptic ulcer avoided" and "Gastric cancer avoided" endpoints.ResultsFor the endpoint "Dyspepsia symptoms relief", T&T strategy appears to be the most cost‐effective (883€/success) compared to UGE strategy and to ST strategy (respectively 1628€ and 990€/success). For the endpoint "Probability of peptic ulcer", the T&T strategy appears to be the most cost‐effective (421€/peptic ulcer avoided/y) compared to UGE strategy and ST strategy (respectively 728€ and 632€/peptic ulcer avoided/y). For the endpoint "Gastric cancer avoided", the T&T strategy appears to be the most cost‐effective (524€/gastric cancer avoided/y) compared to UGE strategy and "ST" strategy (respectively 716€ and 696€/gastric cancer avoided/y).ConclusionsT&T strategy including the use of UBT is the most cost‐effective medical approach for management of dyspepsia and for the prevention of ulcer and gastric cancer.
Perineural invasion by prostate adenocarcinoma in needle biopsies predicts bone metastasis: Ten year data from the TROG 03.04 RADAR Trial
Authors: Delahunt Brett , Murray Judith D , Steigler Allison , Atkinson Chris , Christie David , Duchesne Gillian , Egevad Lars , Joseph David , Matthews John , Oldmeadow Christopher , Samaratunga Hemamali , Spry Nigel A , Srigley John R , Hondermarck Hubert , Denham James W 
Published: April 2020

AimsPerineural invasion (PNI) by prostatic adenocarcinoma is debated as a prognostic parameter. This study investigates the prognostic predictive value of PNI in a series of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and androgen deprivation using 10 years outcome data from the TROG 03.04 RADAR trial.MethodsDiagnostic prostate biopsies from 976 patients were reviewed and the presence of PNI noted. Patients were followed for 10 years according to the trial protocol or until death. The primary endpoint for the study was time to bone metastasis. Secondary endpoints included time to soft tissue metastasis, transition to castration resistance, prostate cancer‐specific mortality and all‐cause mortality.ResultsPNI was detected in 449 cases (46%), with 234 cases (24%) having PNI in more than one core. The presence of PNI was significantly associated with higher ISUP grade, clinical T staging category, National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk group, and percent positive biopsy cores. The cumulative probability of bone metastases according to PNI status was significant over the 10 years follow‐up interval of the study (log‐rank test P < 0.0001). PNI was associated with all endpoints on univariable analysis. After adjusting for baseline clinicopathological and treatment factors, bone metastasis was the only endpoint in which PNI retained its prognostic significance (hazard ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.92, P = 0.021).ConclusionsThe association between PNI and the development of bone metastases supports the inclusion of this parameter as a component of the routine histology report. Further this association suggests that evaluation of PNI may assist in selecting those patients who should be monitored more closely during follow‐up.
Impact on colorectal cancer pathology reporting practice of migration from TNM 5 to TNM 8
Authors: Loughrey Maurice B , Kent Olivia , Moore Michelle , Coghlin Caroline , Kelly Paul , McVeigh Gerard , Coleman Helen G 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThe introduction of TNM 8 into UK pathology practice in January 2018 considers tumour deposits in colorectal cancer staging for the first time. The impact of this new classification on pathology reporting practices has yet to be evaluated.Methods and resultsA clinical audit was conducted, comparing consecutive colorectal cancer resection specimens reported under TNM 5 classification guidelines in 2017 (n = 177) and TNM 8 guidelines in 2018 (n = 234). Tumour features (venous invasion, perineural invasion, lymph node metastatic disease, tumour deposits) and changes in reporting practices were evaluated among four specialist gastrointestinal pathologists working within a large pathology department. Adoption of TNM 8 practice led to an approximate doubling in the use of ancillary stains (41.0% of TNM 8 versus 22.0% of TNM 5 cases, P < 0.001) to help evaluate tumours. A narrowing of the range between pathologists was observed in reporting cases as having one or more form of regional, extramural, discontinuous tumour (TNM 5 range = 50.0–79.0%, TNM 8 range = 57.8–65.7%), with no change in the overall proportion of cases reported as such (62.7% versus 62.4%, P = 0.95). However, significant interobserver variation in reporting rates for individual parameters remained.ConclusionTNM 8 colorectal cancer staging offers potentially greater reproducibility in pathology reporting of regional, extramural, discontinuous disease with similar proportions of patients reported as having one or more of these forms of tumour spread compared with TNM 5. Further guidance in defining individual features is required to reduce interobserver variation in pathology assessments and to help elucidate the clinical significance of each parameter.
Understanding the mechanisms that facilitate specificity, not redundancy, of chemokine‐mediated leukocyte recruitment
Authors: Dyer Douglas P. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryChemokines (chemotactic cytokines) and their receptors are critical to recruitment and positioning of cells during development and the immune response. The chemokine system has long been described as redundant for a number of reasons, where multiple chemokine ligands can bind to multiple receptors and vice versa. This apparent redundancy has been thought to be a major reason for the failure of drugs targeting chemokines during inflammatory disease. We are now beginning to understand that chemokine biology is in fact based around a high degree of specificity, where each chemokine and receptor plays a particular role in the immune response. This specificity hypothesis is supported by a number of recent studies designed to address this problem. This review will detail these studies and the mechanisms that produce this specificity of function with an emphasis on the emerging role of chemokine–glycosaminoglycan interactions.
“If we do not look for it, we do not see it”: Clinicians' experiences and understanding of identifying post‐traumatic stress disorder in adults with autism and intellectual disability
Authors: Kildahl Arvid Nikolai , Helverschou Sissel Berge , Bakken Trine Lise , Oddli Hanne Weie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) are at increased risk of potentially traumatic events and may be at increased risk of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, knowledge regarding identification of PTSD in this population is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical experience regarding PTSD and trauma assessment in individuals with co‐occurring ASD and ID.MethodInterpretative phenomenological analysis was used to explore experiences of identifying PTSD in this population among 18 mental health clinicians working with ASD and ID.ResultsInformants viewed PTSD in individuals with ASD and ID as equivalent to PTSD in the general population, but with causes and expressions potentially differing. Several factors were described to contribute to challenges in identification.ConclusionsTrauma may have severe impact in individuals with ASD and ID. Multidimensional, individualized assessment strategies seem necessary to recognize PTSD or trauma‐related symptoms in this population.