bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genesis of ideas about ice phenomena: from the first fixations to the beginning of the XVIII century
Authors: Savenkova V M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study of ice events on rivers is of great importance, especially in our country where some rivers are covered by ice for months. The needs of shipping, the construction and operation of hydraulic structures, the study of channel deformations caused by ice phenomena and other purposes require knowledge of the ice regime of the rivers. The article explores the beginning of visual observations of ice phenomena and their consequences on the rivers of Russia in the XI-XVII centuries. The study is based on numerous annalistic sources describing the passage of high water, floods, and also indicate the dates of opening and freezing of rivers. It also analyzes notes of foreigners travelling throughout Russia in the 15th - early 18th centuries. The authors separately examined the observation of the passage of spring floods on the Moscow River in the second half of the 17th century.
Central Geographical Museum: To the 150th anniversary of V.P. Semenov-Tian-Shansky
Authors: Shleeva M V , Savenkova V M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper is dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the outstanding Russian scientist V.P. Semenov-Tian-Shansky and the 100th anniversary of the Central Geographical Museum that he organized in Leningrad and that existed from 1919 to 1941. The authors, basing on analysis of publications concerned both with the museum itself and those people who were involved in its arrangement, made an attempt to outline historical and cultural conditions that hastened the emergence of the museum, to reveal its specificity as compared with similar museums, and to briefly describe its founders. The paper deals with such issues as the environment which gave birth to the idea of a “museum in nature”; Semenov-Tian-Shansky’s activities preceding his museum practice; the influence of V.I. Lamansky’s ideas on principles of the museum building; earlier museums of similar character; the role of the Russian Geographical Society and its members in the establishment of the museum; the beginning of the museum’s exposition activity. Despite the fact that this absolutely original, unparalleled project of the geographical park-museum was not realized in full it belongs to national cultural heritage and its practical experience remains demanded and relevant.
Theoretical model and experimental investigation optically triggered hollow-cathode discharge formation
Authors: HUO Weijie , HU Jing , CAO Xiaotong , QIN Ling , ZHAO Wansheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to investigate the process of optically triggered discharge formation, a model of ion space-charge formation based on classical plane electrodes and revised for a characteristic hollow-cathode discharge (HCD) configuration is proposed in this paper. The primary modified factor in our model is the penetrating electric-field parameter, which influences the ionization of trigger electrons and is calculated via particle simulation. Optical-trigger experiments are carried out using different voltages and under different seed-electron conditions, provided by two different photocathodes, Cu and Mg. The ion-accumulation rates calculated by our model are compared to the discharge-formation time, which is deduced from optical-trigger experiments. The results demonstrate that the process of positive space-charge formation is dominant in the HCD formation process or trigger delay, which is highly dependent on the seeding-electron density and applied voltage, and can therefore be quantitatively described by our model. Additionally, electron-beam generation is investigated by optically triggered HCD experiments on Mg- and Cu-photocathode-based devices. The results show that a more efficient trigger device is capable of generating an electron beam with higher amplitude and density.
“Indeterminate” UroVysion Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Results
Authors: Xu Jing , Westfall Danielle E , Lopategui Jean R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
UroVysion cases with one to three abnormal cells that do not meet the threshold for positivity may be better classified as “indeterminate.” The aim of this study is to determine the incidence and clinical significance of these indeterminate UroVysion results.

Methods
The UroVysion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results over a 4-year period in our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up of the initial UroVysion cases, including urine cytology or bladder biopsy performed within 12 months of the initial diagnosis of the result, was obtained from pathology reports.

Results
A significant fraction (178 of 1,907, 9.3%) of the UroVysion cases had indeterminate results. Overall, the subsequent malignancy rate of the group with indeterminate UroVysion results (14 of 59, 23.7%) was higher than the group with normal results (48 of 319, 15.0%), although the difference was not significant (P = .124). For patients without a history of urinary tract neoplasm, the subsequent malignancy rate in the group with indeterminate results (7 of 18, 38.9%) was significantly higher than the group with normal results (16 of 103, 15.5%) (P = .044).

Conclusions
Our results support that indeterminate UroVysion FISH result may warrant closer clinical follow-up in patients without a history of urinary tract neoplasm. We suggest reporting these cases as “aneusomy of undetermined significance.”
Effectiveness of a decontamination procedure in a pharmacy buffer room contaminated by 5 antineoplastic agents
Authors: Arpino Paul , Yeomelakis Jason , Oommen Anisha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Healthcare facilities are obligated to implement strategies to protect healthcare workers from exposure to hazardous drugs, including any real or potential risk from contaminated surfaces. Guidelines are broad and lack sufficient detail for healthcare facilities to establish clear effectiveness targets for their decontamination procedures. Our goal in this analysis was to measure the effectiveness of a decontamination procedure in a pharmacy buffer room contaminated with 5 antineoplastic drugs.

Methods
Six rounds of contamination, decontamination, and wipe sampling were performed in a pharmacy buffer room designated for hazardous drug (HD) compounding. Ten locations in the buffer room were contaminated with 5-fluorouracil, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin. Pharmacy staff were blinded to contamination sites. After contamination, 3 pharmacy technicians following the same decontamination procedure decontaminated the buffer room. To assess the impact of decontamination, residual hazardous drug levels were assessed after contamination and after decontamination using a commercially available wipe sampling product.

Results
The mean (SD) residual contamination levels for the 239 wipe samples taken before and after decontamination were 63 (60) ng and 3.9 (8.2) ng, respectively, representing a 94% reduction in residual HD contamination. Residual contamination was not detectable (&lt;5 ng) in 221 (~93%) of the samples after decontamination.

Conclusion
The employed decontamination procedures effectively reduced residual HD surface contamination.
Novel ChIP-seq simulating program with superior versatility: isChIP
Authors: Subkhankulova Tatiana , Naumenko Fedor , Tolmachov Oleg E , Orlov Yuriy L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) is recognized as an extremely powerful tool to study the interaction of numerous transcription factors and other chromatin-associated proteins with DNA. The core problem in the optimization of ChIP-seq protocol and the following computational data analysis is that a ‘true’ pattern of binding events for a given protein factor is unknown. Computer simulation of the ChIP-seq process based on ‘a-priory known binding template’ can contribute to a drastically reduce the number of wet lab experiments and finally help achieve radical optimization of the entire processing pipeline. We present a newly developed ChIP-sequencing simulation algorithm implemented in the novel software, in silico ChIP-seq (isChIP). We demonstrate that isChIP closely approximates real ChIP-seq protocols and is able to model data similar to those obtained from experimental sequencing. We validated isChIP using publicly available datasets generated for well-characterized transcription factors Oct4 and Sox2. Although the novel software is compatible with the Illumina protocols by default, it can also successfully perform simulations with a number of alternative sequencing platforms such as Roche454, Ion Torrent and SOLiD as well as model ChIP -Exo. The versatility of isChIP was demonstrated through modelling a wide range of binding events, including those of transcription factors and chromatin modifiers. We also performed a comparative analysis against a few existing ChIP-seq simulators and showed the fundamental superiority of our model. Due to its ability to utilize known binding templates, isChIP can potentially be employed to help investigators choose the most appropriate analytical software through benchmarking of available ChIP-seq programs and optimize the experimental parameters of ChIP-seq protocol. isChIP software is freely available at https://github.com/fnaumenko/isChIP.
Topological network measures for drug repositioning
Authors: Badkas Apurva , De Landtsheer Sébastien , Sauter Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Drug repositioning has received increased attention since the past decade as several blockbuster drugs have come out of repositioning. Computational approaches are significantly contributing to these efforts, of which, network-based methods play a key role. Various structural (topological) network measures have thereby contributed to uncovering unintuitive functional relationships and repositioning candidates in drug-disease and other networks. This review gives a broad overview of the topic, and offers perspectives on the application of topological measures for network analysis. It also discusses unexplored measures, and draws attention to a wider scope of application efforts, especially in drug repositioning.
Pathways for Contextual Memory: The Primate Hippocampal Pathway to Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Authors: Wang Jingyi , John Yohan , Barbas Helen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is one of the few prefrontal areas that receives robust direct hippocampal terminations. This pathway may enable current context and past experience to influence goal-directed actions and emotional regulation by prefrontal cortices. We investigated the still ill-understood organization of the pathway from anterior hippocampus to ACC (A24a, A25, A32) to identify laminar termination patterns and their postsynaptic excitatory and inhibitory targets from system to synapse in rhesus monkeys. The densest hippocampal terminations targeted posterior A25, a region that is involved in affective and autonomic regulation. Hippocampal terminations innervated mostly excitatory neurons (~90%), suggesting strong excitatory effects. Among the smaller fraction of inhibitory targets, hippocampal terminations in A25 preferentially innervated calretinin neurons, a pattern that differs markedly from rodents. Further, hippocampal terminations innervated spines with D1 receptors, particularly in the deep layers of A25, where D1 receptors are enriched in comparison with the upper layers. The proximity of hippocampal terminations to D1 receptors may enable dopamine to enhance information transfer from the hippocampus to A25 and contribute to dopaminergic influence downstream on goal-directed action and emotional control by prefrontal cortices, in processes that may be disrupted by excessive dopamine release during uncontrollable stress.
Joining forces to build up knowledge in health promotion: lessons from a French coalition initiative
Authors: Porcherie M , Laurent A , Ferron C ,   National committee to promote EKHP, Berry P , Soudier B , Georgelin B , Gaspard S , Berdougo F , Lombrail P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Issue
French public health authorities increasingly rationalize access to public funding, favoring evidence-based programs. Health Promotion (HP) interventions are especially urged to prove their efficiency in this context. To tackle this issue, HP practitioners hold experiential knowledge (EK) that proves useful to assess both the complexity and efficiency of HP interventions. United by this conviction in a multidisciplinary coalition, HP experts from various backgrounds came together five years ago to promote Experiential Knowledge in HP (EKHP) in France.
A national committee to promote EKHP
670 HP practitioners were surveyed in 2016. Results reported vast amounts of under-documented and often untapped field expertise in HP and numerous obstacles regarding access to scientific literature or systematic reviews. Consequently, the coalition launched a National Committee for EKHP, meeting 5 times a year since 2016. Members of 6 national HP organizations, of 4 regional HP institutes, national and local public health administrators, researchers, consultants and field workers participate. Steered by the French Society for Public Health and the National Federation for Health Education and Promotion, the committee devised a threefold action plan: 1/ advocate EKHP in all relevant institutional spaces, 2/ develop tools for EKHP, 3/ mobilize for EKHP at the local level.

Results
The committee designed a method for capitalizing, collecting and circulating EK and published in 2020 a guidebook and a toolkit. French Public Health authorities agreed to share EK nationwide on their online portal. Dissemination within the French HP community has started, through the committee members' networks, and will be amplified with a training program launched in 2021 at the National School of Public Health.

Lessons
Attention must be brought to HP practitioners’ experiential knowledge, both to recognize HP practitioners' expertise and to help improve the understanding of how HP interventions work.

Key messages
Experiential knowledge in HP remains undervalued and untapped in France. Dedicated practitioners, policymakers and researchers formed a multidisciplinary committee to promote and disseminate EKHP. A multilevel strategy combining advocacy and tool building can be effective at promoting experiential knowledge. A multidisciplinary coalition provided the necessary context-specific levers in France.
Divergent: Age, Frailty, and Atypical Presentations of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Poco Paula Cristina Eiras , Aliberti Márlon Juliano Romero , Dias Murilo Bacchini , Takahashi Silvia de Fatima , Leonel Fabio Campos , Altona Marcelo , Venys Amanda Lagreca , Shin-Ike Isabela Akie , Garcia Bianca Aparecida , Sumita Leticia Harumi , Lima Lara Mune de Oliveira , Garcez Flavia Barreto , Avelino-Silva Thiago Junqueira 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Although frailty has been associated with atypical manifestations of infections, little is known about COVID-19 presentations in hospitalized frail patients. We aimed to investigate the association between age, frailty, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized middle-aged and older adults.

Method
Longitudinal observational study comprising 711 patients aged ≥50 years consecutively admitted to a university hospital dedicated to COVID-19 severe cases, between March and May 2020. We reviewed electronic medical records to collect data on demographics, comorbidities, COVID-19 signs/symptoms, and laboratory findings on admission. We defined frailty using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS = 1–9; frail ≥5). We also documented in-hospital mortality. We used logistic regressions to explore associations between age, frailty, and COVID-19 signs/symptoms; and between typical symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea) and mortality.

Results
Participants had a mean age of 66 ± 11 years, and 43% were female. Overall, 25% were frail, and 37% died. The most common COVID-19 presentations were dyspnea (79%), cough (74%), and fever (62%), but patients aged ≥65 years were less likely to have a co-occurrence of typical symptoms, both in the absence (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.39–0.79) and in the presence of frailty (OR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.34–0.81). In contrast, older age and frailty were associated with unspecific presentations, including functional decline, acute mental change, and hypotension. After adjusting for age, sex, and frailty, reporting fever was associated with lower odds of mortality (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.50–0.97).

Conclusions
Atypical COVID-19 presentations are common in frail and older hospitalized patients. Providers should be aware of unspecific disease manifestations during the management and follow-up of this population.
The effects of processing barley and maize on metabolic and digestive responses in horses
Authors: Thorringer Nana W , Weisberg Martin R , Jensen Rasmus B 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe competition for customers increases the search for new grain processing methods for equine feed, but the effect on starch digestibility and metabolic responses varies. Therefore, to evaluate the effect of the processing methods, toasting and micronizing, on starch digestion and the effect on metabolic responses, the mobile bag technique (MBT) and plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in the blood were used to estimate nutrient disappearance and metabolic responses pre-cecally. Further, cecal pH, ammonium nitrogen (N), and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were used to estimate the metabolic response in the cecum. Four cecally cannulated horses (body weight [BW] 565 ± 35 kg) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four periods of 8 d of diet adaptation and 2 d of data collection. Diets were formulated using hay and processed grains: micronized barley (MB), toasted barley (TB), micronized maize (MM), and toasted maize (TM) and were balanced to provide 1 g starch/kg BW in the morning meal. On day 9 in each period, blood and cecal fluid samples were taken before the morning meal and hourly thereafter for 8 h. On day 10 in each period, 15 bags of either MB, TB, MM, or TM (1 × 1 × 12 cm; 15 μm pore size; 1 g feed) were placed in the stomach, respectively. The dry matter disappearance was highest for the MM at all time points compared with the other feedstuffs (P &lt; 0.001). Maize and micronizing had the highest starch disappearance (P = 0.048) compared with barley and toasting. No treatment effect was measured for any of the glucose and insulin parameters. No feed effect was measured for the insulin parameters. Plasma glucose peaked later (P = 0.045) for maize than for barley, and TB had a larger area under the curve for glucose than MB, MM, and TM (P = 0.015). The concentration of total SCFA increased after feeding (P &lt; 0.001), with a higher concentration for barley than for maize (P = 0.044). No treatment or feed effects were measured for ammonium N or pH, but both were affected by time (P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, toasting was not as efficient as micronizing to improve pre-cecal starch digestibility; therefore, the preferred processing method for both barley and maize is micronizing. Further, the amount of starch escaping enzymatical digestion in the small intestine was higher than expected.
Comparing different approaches of time-lapse seismic inversion
Authors: Rosa Daiane R , Santos Juliana M C , Souza Rafael M , Grana Dario , Schiozer Denis J , Davolio Alessandra , Wang Yanghua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Time-lapse (4D) seismic inversion aims to predict changes in elastic rock properties, such as acoustic impedance, from measured seismic amplitude variations due to hydrocarbon production. Possible approaches for 4D seismic inversion include two classes of method: sequential independent 3D inversions and joint inversion of 4D seismic differences. We compare the standard deterministic methods, such as coloured and model-based inversions, and the probabilistic inversion techniques based on a Bayesian approach. The goal is to compare the sequential independent 3D seismic inversions and the joint 4D inversion using the same type of algorithm (Bayesian method) and to benchmark the results to commonly applied algorithms in time-lapse studies. The model property of interest is the ratio of the acoustic impedances, estimated for the monitor, and base surveys at each location in the model. We apply the methods to a synthetic dataset generated based on the Namorado field (offshore southeast Brazil). Using this controlled dataset, we can evaluate properly the results as the true solution is known. The results show that the Bayesian 4D joint inversion, based on the amplitude difference between seismic surveys, provides more accurate results than sequential independent 3D inversion approaches, and these results are consistent with deterministic methods. The Bayesian 4D joint inversion is relatively easy to apply and provides a confidence interval of the predictions.
Low-Quality Patents in the Eye of the Beholder: Evidence from Multiple Examiners
Authors: de Rassenfosse Gaétan , Griffiths William E. , Jaffe Adam B. , Webster Elizabeth 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A low-quality patent system threatens to slow the pace of technological progress. Concerns about low patent quality are supported by estimates from litigation studies suggesting that most US patents granted should not have been issued. We propose a new model for measuring patent quality, based on equivalent patent applications submitted to multiple offices. Our method allows us to distinguish whether low-quality patents are issued because an office implements a low standard or because it violates its own standard. The results suggest that quality in patent systems is higher than previously thought. Specifically, the percentage of granted patents that are below each office’s own standard is under 10% for all offices. The Japanese patent office has a higher percentage of granted patents below its own standard than those from Europe, the USA, Korea, and China. This result arises from the fact that Japan has a higher standard than other offices. (JEL O34, K2, L4, F42)
Intraspecific variation and taxonomy of northern pikaOchotona hyperborea(Mammalia, Lagomorpha)
Authors: Lissovsky Andrey A , Obolenskaya Ekaterina V , Dokuchaev Nikolai E , Okhlopkov Innokentiy M 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRock-dwelling pikas of the genus Ochotona have fragmented montane geographical distribution presumably associated with geological and climatic events of Late Quaternary. Within this genus, the northern pika, O. hyperborea has the widest distribution. Taxonomic composition and subspecific structure of this species has been controversial during the past century. Sixteen available names were combined in different manners into a variable number of weakly overlapping subspecies by previous authors. A comparison of data sets from the entire distribution range of northern pikas is presented here for the first time, including: craniometric, bioacoustic, and multilocus genetic data. We examined 301 skulls, and the mitochondrial COI gene and two nuclear introns in 79 specimens, as well as the structure of alarm calls from 107 individuals. Our results show that the six subspecies within O. hyperborea correspond to the six genetic parapatric lineages. Five of these are hypothesized to be involved in hybridization at the edges of their distribution. Three acoustic races completely correspond with the six genetic lineages: each acoustic race consists of two lineages. Morphometric data do not display any phylogenetic signal in our study. The subspecies from the Mountains of Khabarovsk Territory, north of Amur River, is described de novo as O. h. fedoseevi ssp. n. The type locality of O. hyperborea is defined more accurately. A neotype is designated for O. h. cinereofusca to stabilize use of names of pikas from the Amur region.