bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of bee communities between primary and mature secondary forests in the longleaf pine ecosystem
Authors: Ulyshen Michael D. , Pokswinski Scott , Hiers J. Kevin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMuch of the once-dominant longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem has been lost from the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States and only a few scattered remnants of primary forest remain. Despite much interest in understanding and restoring this ecosystem, relatively few studies have attempted to characterize or assess the conservation status of the longleaf bee fauna. The objective of this study was to compare the diversity and composition of bee communities between primary and mature secondary (>100 years old) fire-maintained forests in Georgia and Florida. We used colored pan traps to sample bees at three primary and four secondary locations divided between two regions characterized by sandy (Eglin Air Force Base) or clayey (Red Hills) soils. There were no overall differences between primary and secondary forests in bee richness, diversity, evenness or abundance. Community composition differed among locations but we found no evidence that primary remnants provide critical habitat to sensitive bee species.
Fisetin protects against cardiac cell death through reduction of ROS production and caspases activity
Authors: Rodius Sophie , de Klein Niek , Jeanty Céline , Sánchez-Iranzo Héctor , Crespo Isaac , Ibberson Mark , Xenarios Ioannis , Dittmar Gunnar , Mercader Nadia , Niclou Simone P. , Azuaje Francisco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Reperfusion is considered as an optimal therapy following cardiac ischemia. However, the promotion of a rapid elevation of O2 levels in ischemic cells produces high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to myocardial tissue injury. This phenomenon is called ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). We aimed at identifying new and effective compounds to treat MI and minimize IRI. We previously studied heart regeneration following myocardial injury in zebrafish and described each step of the regeneration process, from the day of injury until complete recovery, in terms of transcriptional responses. Here, we mined the data and performed a deep in silico analysis to identify drugs highly likely to induce cardiac regeneration. Fisetin was identified as the top candidate. We validated its effects in an in vitro model of MI/IRI in mammalian cardiac cells. Fisetin enhances viability of rat cardiomyocytes following hypoxia/starvation – reoxygenation. It inhibits apoptosis, decreases ROS generation and caspase activation and protects from DNA damage. Interestingly, fisetin also activates genes involved in cell proliferation. Fisetin is thus a highly promising candidate drug with clinical potential to protect from ischemic damage following MI and to overcome IRI.
A simple and effective method to discern the true commercial Chinese cordyceps from counterfeits
Authors: Zhang Fu-Li , Yang Xiao-Feng , Wang Dong , Lei Shao-Rong , Guo Ling-An , Liu Wen-Juan , Song Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Chinese cordyceps, a complex of the fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis and its species-specific host insects, is also called “DongChongXiaCao” in Chinese. Habitat degradation in recent decades and excessive harvesting by humans has intensified its scarcity and increased the prices of natural populations. Some counterfeits are traded as natural Chinese cordyceps for profit, causing confusion in the marketplace. To promote the safe use of Chinese cordyceps and related products, a duplex PCR method for specifically identifying raw Chinese cordyceps and its primary products was successfully established. Chinese cordyceps could be precisely identified by detecting an internal transcribed spacer amplicon from O. sinensis and a cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 amplicon from the host species, at a limit of detection as low as 32 pg. Eleven commercial samples were purchased and successfully tested to further verify that the developed duplex PCR method could be reliably used to identify Chinese cordyceps. It provides a new simple way to discern true commercial Chinese cordyceps from counterfeits in the marketplace. This is an important step toward achieving an authentication method for this Chinese medicine. The methodology and the developmental strategy can be used to authenticate other traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Egocentric Temporal Order Bias Robust Across Manipulations of Cue Predictability and Sensory Modality
Authors: Tang Ty Y. , McBeath Michael K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Egocentric Temporal Order (ETO) bias is the finding that self-initiated action-events are perceived as having occurred prior to simultaneous externally triggered events. Here, we test if the ETO bias is affected by predictability of the stimulus cue used to initiate a self-action or by the sensory modality of that cue. Without separating out the potential influence of the stimulus cue on the ETO bias, further investigations into the mechanisms underlying the bias are difficult to interpret. Our findings robustly confirm and replicate the ETO bias, providing evidence that the bias is not an artifact of the experimental design, but rather indicates a true temporal bias in the perception of self-initiated action-events.
Association between Lower Extremity Skeletal Muscle Mass and Impaired Cognitive Function in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Low Serena , Ng Tze Pin , Lim Chin Leong , Moh Angela , Ang Su Fen , Wang Jiexun , Goh Kiat Sern , Ang Keven , Tang Wern Ee , Kwan Pek Yee , Subramaniam Tavintharan , Sum Chee Fang , Lim Su Chi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLower extremity skeletal muscle mass (LESM) in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has been linked to adverse clinical events, but it is not known whether it is associated with cognitive difficulties. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 1,235 people (mean age 61.4 ± 8.0 years) with T2D under primary and secondary care in Singapore. Bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA) measures of upper extremity skeletal muscle mass (UESM), LESM and appendicular skeletal muscle index (SMI) were related to the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) measures of cognition, in multiple linear regression. In multivariable models, tertile 1 LESM (b = −2.62 (−3.92 to −1.32)) and tertile 2 LESM (b = −1.73 (−2.73 to −0.73)), referenced to tertile 3) were significantly associated with decreased RBANS total score. Significant associations of LESM with cognitive domain performances were observed for tertile 1 (b = −3.75 (−5.98 to −1.52)) and tertile 2 (b = −1.98 (−3.69 to −0.27)) with immediate memory, and for tertile 1 (b = −3.05 (−4.86 to −1.24)) and tertile 2 (b = −1.87 (−3.25 to −0.48)) with delayed memory, and for tertile 1 (b = −2.99 (−5.30 to −0.68)) with visuospatial/constructional ability. Tertile 1 SMI (b = −1.94 (−3.79 to −0.08) and tertile 2 SMI (b = −1.75 (−3.14 to −0.37)) were also associated with delayed memory. There were no associations between UESM with cognitive performance. Lower LESM may be a useful marker of possible co-occuring cognitive dysfunction.
Three-dimensional radiomics of triple-negative breast cancer: Prediction of systemic recurrence
Authors: Koh Jieun , Lee Eunjung , Han Kyunghwa , Kim Sujeong , Kim Dong-kyu , Kwak Jin Young , Yoon Jung Hyun , Moon Hee Jung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper evaluated 3-dimensional radiomics features of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as prognostic factors for predicting systemic recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and validated the results with a different MRI scanner. The Rad score was generated from 3-dimensional radiomic features of MRI for 231 TNBCs (training set (GE scanner), n = 182; validation set (Philips scanner), n = 49). The Clinical and Rad models to predict systemic recurrence were built up and the models were externally validated. In the training set, the Rad score was significantly higher in the group with systemic recurrence (median, −8.430) than the group without (median, −9.873, P < 0.001). The C-index of the Rad model to predict systemic recurrence in the training set was 0.97, which was significantly higher than in the Clinical model (0.879; P = 0.009). When the models were externally validated, the C-index of the Rad model was 0.848, lower than the 0.939 of the Clinical model, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.100). The Rad model for predicting systemic recurrence in TNBC showed a significantly higher C-index than the Clinical model. However, external validation with a different MRI scanner did not show the Rad model to be superior over the Clinical model.
Some Gammaproteobacteria are enriched within CD14+ macrophages from intestinal lamina propria of Crohn’s disease patients versus mucus
Authors: Sekido Yuki , Nishimura Junichi , Nakano Kazuhiro , Osu Takeaki , Chow Cheryl-Emiliane T. , Matsuno Hiroshi , Ogino Takayuki , Fujino Shiki , Miyoshi Norikatsu , Takahashi Hidekazu , Uemura Mamoru , Matsuda Chu , Kayama Hisako , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro , Takeda Kiyoshi , Uchino Motoi , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Mizushima Tsunekazu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCrohn’s disease causes chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and its pathogenesis remains unclear. In the intestine of Crohn’s disease patients, CD14+CD11+CD163low macrophages contribute to inflammation through the induction of Th17 cells and production of inflammatory cytokines; the CD14+CD11c+163high fraction is anti-inflammatory through the production of IL-10 in normal cases. In this report, the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing method was used to identify bacteria that are specifically present in intestinal CD14+CD11c+ macrophages of Crohn’s disease patients. Bacteria present in intestinal CD14+CD11c+ macrophages and mucus of Crohn’s disease patients were separated into different clusters in principal coordinates analysis. There was a statistically significant increase in the relative composition of CD14+CD11c+ macrophages from mucus in two phyla (Proteobacteria [p = 0.01] and Actinobacteria [p = 0.02]) and two families (Moraxellaceae [p < 0.001] and Pseudomonadaceae [p = 0.01]). In addition, OTU-1: Acinetobacter and OTU-8: Pseudomonadaceae tended to concentrate in the CD14+CD11c+CD163low subset, whereas OTU-10: Proteus, OTU-15: Collinsella tended to concentrate more in the CD14+CD11c+CD163high subset than the other subset and mucus.
Abundance of mobile genetic elements in an Acinetobacter lwoffii strain isolated from Transylvanian honey sample
Authors: Veress Alexandra , Nagy Tibor , Wilk Tímea , Kömüves János , Olasz Ferenc , Kiss János 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBased on phylogenetic analyses, strain M2a isolated from honey, an unexpected source of acinetobacters, was classified as Acinetobacter lwoffii. The genome of this strain is strikingly crowded with mobile genetic elements. It harbours more than 250 IS elements of 15 IS-families, several unit and compound transposons and 15 different plasmids. These IS elements, including 30 newly identified ones, could be classified into at least 53 IS species. Regarding the plasmids, 13 of the 15 belong to the Rep-3 superfamily and only one plasmid, belonging to the “Low-GC” family, possesses a seemingly complete conjugative system. The other plasmids, with one exception, have a mobilization region of common pattern, consisting of the divergent mobA/mobL-family and mobS-, mobC- or traD-like genes separated by an oriT-like sequence. Although two plasmids of M2a are almost identical to those of A. lwoffi strains isolated from gold mine or Pleistocene sediments, most of them have no close relatives. The presence of numerous plasmid-borne and chromosomal metal resistance determinants suggests that M2a previously has also evolved in a metal-polluted environment. The numerous, possibly transferable, plasmids and the outstanding number of transposable elements may reflect the high potential of M2a for rapid evolution.
Regional Comparison of Goblet Cell Number and Area in Exposed and Covered Dry Eyes and Their Correlation with Tear MUC5AC
Authors: Khimani Karima S. , Go Jonathan A. , De Souza Rodrigo Guimaraes , Mitchell Travis , Yu Zhiyuan , de Paiva Cintia S. , Saumur Meghan , Pflugfelder Stephen C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo compare goblet cell (GC) number and area in the covered superior (SB) versus exposed temporal (TB) bulbar conjunctiva in control versus aqueous tear deficient eyes (ATD) and evaluate correlation with tear MUC5AC protein. SB and TB impression cytology performed on control eyes, Sjögren syndrome (SS) ATD, and non-SS ATD was stained with period acid Schiff. GC number and area were measured with image analysis software. Protein-normalized MUC5AC level was measured in Schirmer strip-collected tears. Compared to control conjunctiva, GC number and area were significantly lower in SS, non-SS, and combined ATD groups in exposed TB, and were also significantly lower in SS and combined ATD groups in covered SB. In all ATD, GC number and area were significantly correlated, but differences between SB and TB were non-significant. Normalized tear MUC5AC protein was lower in all ATD groups versus control eyes, and correlated only with GC area. GCs are significantly decreased in the covered and exposed conjunctiva in SS. GC area may be a better disease measure than number for ATD. Correlation between tear MUC5AC concentration and GC area suggests tear MUC5AC mucin can be used as a disease-relevant biomarker for conjunctiva GC health.
Investigation and Feasibility of Combined 3D Printed Thermoplastic Filament and Polymeric Foam to Simulate the Cortiocancellous Interface of Human Vertebrae
Authors: Clifton William , Pichelmann Mark , Vlasak Alexander , Damon Aaron , ReFaey Karim , Nottmeier Eric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDisorders of the spine are among the most common indications for neurosurgical and orthopedic surgical interventions. Spinal fixation in the form of pedicle screw placement is a common form of instrumentation method in the lower cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. A vital principle to understand for the safe and accurate placement of pedicle screws is the palpable difference between the cortical and cancellous bone, both of which have different material properties and compositions. Probing and palpation of the hard cortical bone, also known as the “ventral lamina”, covering the neural elements of the spinal canal during screw placement provides manual feedback to the surgeon, indicating an impending breach if continued directional force is applied. Generally, this practice is learned at the expense of patients in live operating room scenarios. Currently, there is a paucity of human vertebra simulation designs that have been validated based on the in vivo ultrastructure and physical properties of human cortical and cancellous bone. In this study, we examined the feasibility of combining three-dimensionally printed thermoplastic polymers with polymeric foam to replicate both the vertebral corticocancellous interface and surface anatomy for procedural education.
Effective removal of anionic textile dyes using adsorbent synthesized from coffee waste
Authors: Wong Syieluing , Ghafar Nawal Abd , Ngadi Norzita , Razmi Fatin Amirah , Inuwa Ibrahim Mohammed , Mat Ramli , Amin Nor Aishah Saidina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdsorption of Reactive Black 5 and Congo Red from aqueous solution by coffee waste modified with polyethylenimine was investigated. The removal percentages of both dyes increased with amount of polyethyleneimine in the modified adsorbent. Characterization revealed that polyethyleneimine modification improved the adsorbent surface chemistry, while slight improvement of adsorbent textural properties was also observed. The adsorbent’s excellent performance was demonstrated by high removal percentages towards the anionic dyes in most experimental runs. The modelling result showed that anionic dyes adsorption occurred via monolayer adsorption, and chemisorption was the rate-controlling step. The adsorbent possesses higher maximum adsorption capacity towards Reactive Black 5 (77.52 mg/g) than Congo Red (34.36 mg/g), due to the higher number of functional groups in Reactive Black 5 that interact with the adsorbent. This study reveals the potential of adsorbent derived from coffee waste in textile wastewater treatment. Furthermore, surface chemistry modification is proven as an effective strategy to enhance the performance of biowaste-derived adsorbents.
The orbitofrontal cortex functionally links obesity and white matter hyperintensities
Authors: Park Bo-yong , Byeon Kyoungseob , Lee Mi Ji , Kim Se-Hong , Park Hyunjin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany studies have linked dysfunction in cognitive control-related brain regions with obesity and the burden of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). This study aimed to explore how functional connectivity differences in the brain are associated with WMH burden and degree of obesity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 182 participants. Functional connectivity measures were compared among four different groups: (1) low WMH burden, non-obese; (2) low WMH burden, obese; (3) high WMH burden, non-obese; and (4) high WMH burden, obese. At a large-scale network-level, no networks showed significant interaction effects, but the frontoparietal network showed a main effect of degree of obesity. At a finer node level, the orbitofrontal cortex showed interaction effects between periventricular WMH burden and degree of obesity. Higher functional connectivity was observed when the periventricular WMH burden and degree of obesity were both high. These results indicate that the functional connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex is affected by the mutual interaction between the periventricular WMHs and degree of obesity. Our results suggest that this region links obesity with WMHs in terms of functional connectivity.
3D magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of stellar convective noise for improved exoplanet detection
Authors: Sulis S. , Mary D. , Bigot L. 
Published: February 2020

Context.Convective motions at the stellar surface generate a stochastic colored noise source in the radial velocity (RV) data. This noise impedes the detection of small exoplanets. Moreover, the unknown statistics (amplitude, distribution) related to this noise make it difficult to estimate the false alarm probability (FAP) for exoplanet detection tests.Aims.In this paper, we investigate the possibility of using 3D magneto-hydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of stellar convection to design detection methods that can provide both a reliable estimate of the FAP and a high detection power.Methods.We tested the realism of 3D simulations in producing solar RV by comparing them with the observed disk integrated velocities taken by the GOLF instrument on board the SOHO spacecraft. We presented a new detection method based on periodograms standardized by these simulated time series, applying several detection tests to these standarized periodograms.Results.The power spectral density of the 3D synthetic convective noise is consistent with solar RV observations for short periods. For regularly sampled observations, the analytic expressions of FAP derived for several statistical tests applied to the periodogram standardized by 3D simulation noise are accurate. The adaptive tests considered in this work (Higher-Criticism, Berk-Jones), which are new in the exoplanet field, may offer better detection performance than classical tests (based on the highest periodogram value) in the case of multi-planetary systems and planets with eccentric orbits.Conclusions.3D MHD simulations are now mature enough to produce reliable synthetic time series of the convective noise affecting RV data. These series can be used to access to the statistics of this noise and derive accurate FAP of tests that are a critical element in the detection of exoplanets down to the cm s−1level.
Veränderungen des Ernährungsstatus geriatrischer PatientInnen während der stationären Krankenhausbehandlung
Authors: Graeb Fabian , Wientjens Renate , Wolke Reinhold , Essig Gundula 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im vom BMBF finanzierten Forschungsprojekt „Entwicklung, Umsetzung und Evaluation eines Konzepts zur Prävention und Behandlung von Mangelernährung bei geriatrischen Patienten im Krankenhaus“ sollen interdisziplinäre Praxiskonzepte mithilfe eines Vorher-Nachher-Designs evaluiert werden.
Material und Methodik Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine erste Analyse von Veränderungen des Ernährungsstatus von PflegeheimbewohnerInnen mit mindestens 3-tägige stationären Krankenhausaufenthalt vor Konzeptentwicklung. Hierfür wurden Routinedaten von 2 großen Altenhilfeträgern herangezogen und insgesamt 1899 Fälle eingeschlossen.
Ergebnisse 38 % (n = 721) der Fälle sind bereits bei Aufnahme mangelernährt, nach Klinikaufenthalt 48,6 % (n = 784). Der mittlere BMI sinkt von 25,0 kg/m2 (SD ± 5,3) auf 24,5 kg/m2 (SD ± 5,1), wobei 19,3 % (n = 276) zwischen 5 % und 10 % ihres Körpergewichts verlieren und 9,4 % (n = 134) ≥ 10 %. PatientInnen mit Mangelernährung weisen bei Entlassung eine um 3,09 Tage längere Verweildauer auf (p < 0,001). Eine Mangelernährung bei Einweisung ist mit einem signifikant höheren Pflegegrad (Differenz = 0,18; p = 0,002), einer höheren Anzahl an Stürzen (Differenz = 0,45; p < 0,001) sowie einem häufigeren Versterben in der Klinik (p < 0,001; r = 0,120) und den nachfolgenden 6 Monate (p < 0,001; r = 0,200) assoziiert. Ein geringeres Risiko für eine Mangelernährung bei Entlassung ist assoziiert mit dem männlichen Geschlecht (OR = 0,671; p = 0,003), einem höheren BMI vor dem Klinikaufenthalt (OR = 0,887; p < 0,001), der Einweisungsdiagnosegruppe psychische und Verhaltensstörungen (OR = 0,306; p = 0,008) und Erkrankungen der Schilddrüse in den Nebendiagnosen (OR = 0,707; p = 0,02). Ein längerer Klinikaufenthalt (OR = 1,067; p < 0,001) geht dagegen mit einem höheren Risiko für eine Mangelernährung einher.
Schlussfolgerung Ein akut-stationärer Aufenthalt zeigt signifikante Auswirkungen auf den Ernährungsstatus. Aufgrund der Zusammenhänge von Mangelernährung und steigender Mortalität ist es notwendig, das klinische Ernährungsmanagement mithilfe von Praxiskonzepten zu optimieren.