bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross‐sectional study of immune seroconversion to SARS‐CoV‐2 in frontline maternity health professionals
Authors: Bampoe S. , Lucas D. N. , Neall G. , Sceales P. , Aggarwal R. , Caulfield K. , Siassakos D. , Odor P. M. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryCOVID‐19, the respiratory disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, is thought to cause a milder illness in pregnancy with a greater proportion of asymptomatic carriers. This has important implications for the risk of patient‐to‐staff, staff‐to‐staff and staff‐to‐patient transmission among health professionals in maternity units. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of previously undiagnosed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in health professionals from two tertiary‐level maternity units in London, UK, and to determine associations between healthcare workers’ characteristics, reported symptoms and serological evidence of prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In total, 200 anaesthetists, midwives and obstetricians, with no previously confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19, were tested for immune seroconversion using laboratory IgG assays. Comprehensive symptom and medical histories were also collected. Five out of 40 (12.5%; 95%CI 4.2–26.8%) anaesthetists, 7/52 (13.5%; 95%CI 5.6–25.8%) obstetricians and 17/108 (15.7%; 95%CI 9.5–24.0%) midwives were seropositive, with an overall total of 29/200 (14.5%; 95%CI 9.9–20.1%) of maternity healthcare workers testing positive for IgG antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2. Of those who had seroconverted, 10/29 (35.5%) were completely asymptomatic. Fever or cough were only present in 6/29 (21%) and 10/29 (35%) respectively. Anosmia was the most common symptom occurring in 15/29 (52%) seropositive participants and was the only symptom that was predictive of positive seroconversion (OR 18; 95%CI 6–55). Of those who were seropositive, 59% had not self‐isolated at any point and continued to provide patient care in the hospital setting. This is the largest study of baseline immune seroconversion in maternity healthcare workers conducted to date and reveals that one out of six were seropositive, of whom one out of three were asymptomatic. This has significant implications for the risk of occupational transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 for both staff and patients in maternity units. Regular testing of staff, including asymptomatic staff should be considered to reduce transmission risk.
Long‐term effect of gender‐affirming hormone treatment on depression and anxiety symptoms in transgender people: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Aldridge Zoë , Patel Shireen , Guo Boliang , Nixon Elena , Pierre Bouman Walter , Witcomb Gemma L. , Arcelus Jon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCross‐sectional studies show that transgender people are more likely than cisgender people to experience depression and anxiety before gender‐affirming hormone treatment (GAHT). However, the effect of GAHT on mental health in transgender people, and the role of other factors that may have a predictive effect, is poorly explored.ObjectivesUsing a longitudinal methodology, this study investigated the effect of 18‐month GAHT on depression and anxiety symptomatology and the predictors on mental health outcomes in a large population of transgender people.Materials and methodsParticipants (n = 178) completed a socio‐demographic questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient—Short Version (AQ‐Short) at pre‐assessment (T0) and at 18 months after initiation of GAHT (T1).ResultsFrom T0 to T1, symptomatology was significantly decreased for depression (P < .001) and non‐significantly reduced for anxiety (P = .37). Scores on the MSPSS predicted reduction in depression, while scores on the AQ‐Short predicted reduction in anxiety.DiscussionGAHT reduces symptoms of depression which are predicted by having higher levels of social support. Although anxiety symptoms also reduce, the changes are not significant and high levels of anxiety still remain post‐GAHT.ConclusionsThese results highlight the important mental health benefits of GAHT. Support services (professional, third sector or peer support) aiming at increasing social support for transgender individuals should be made available.
The Moderator Role of Passion for Work in the Association between Work Stressors and Secondary Traumatic Stress: A Cross‐Level Diary Study among Health Professionals of Intensive Care Units
Authors: Moreno‐Jiménez Jennifer E. , Blanco‐Donoso Luis Manuel , Rodríguez‐Carvajal Raquel , Chico‐Fernández Mario , Montejo Juan Carlos , Garrosa Eva 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundSecondary traumatic stress (STS), a construct formed by compassion fatigue, shattered assumptions, and symptomatology, has been scarcely studied in intensive care units (ICU). In these units, healthcare workers encounter daily work stressors which impact on their health and well‐being. Also, previous literature revealed a passion for caring among these workers, finding two types: harmonious passion, which may protect them against negative outcomes, and obsessive passion, which may boost negative consequences. We aim to study whether both types of passion could moderate the relationships between daily work stressors and STS.MethodsIn all, 265 assessments were collected at ICUs from different hospitals in Spain through a diary approach (53 health workers × 5 days at two time points per day).ResultsFirst, daily work stressors were positive predictors of symptomatology; secondly, dispositional harmonious passion was a negative predictor of both compassion fatigue and shattered assumptions, also presenting a buffering effect between daily work stressors and daily shattered assumptions. Finally, dispositional obsessive passion showed positive relationships with both shattered assumptions and symptomatology, also presenting a boosting effect between daily work stressors and daily symptomatology.ConclusionsThis study allows us to deepen our understanding of STS in ICUs and to boost preventive proposals. Practical implications are discussed.
Letter: programmed death‐1—a predictor for anti‐viral treatment in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Vyas Ashish Kumar 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to the Xia et al and Huang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15732 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15924
Editorial: palliative long‐term abdominal drains in refractory ascites–a step in the right direction, but not the complete solution
Authors: Hudson Ben 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to the Macken et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15802 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15928
Letter: IBD nurse—a pivotal role in the time of the pandemic
Authors: Khan Muhammad Umair , Mushtaq Kamran , Al‐Ejji Khalid Mohsin A. A. , Yakoob Rafie A. , Alkaabi Saad Rashid , Khoshnia Masoud 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to the Al‐Ani et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15779 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15954
Letter: safety of proton pump inhibitors during pregnancy
Authors: Acar Selin , Keskin‐Arslan Elif , Uysal Nusret , Karadaş Barış , Kaplan Yusuf C. 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to the Li et al and Li and Brusselaers papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15610 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15947
Letter: programmed death‐1—a predictor for antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis B. Authors' reply
Authors: Huang Rui , Xia Juan , Wang Jian , Chen Yuxin , Wu Chao 
Published: August 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to the Xia et al and Vyas papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15732 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15878
Teaching Through Collaboration: Flexibility and Diversity in Caregiver–Child Interaction Across Cultures
Authors: Clegg Jennifer M. , Wen Nicole J. , DeBaylo Paige H. , Alcott Adam , Keltner Elena C. , Legare Cristine H. 
Published: August 2020

Teaching supports the high‐fidelity transmission of knowledge and skills. This study examined similarities and differences in caregiver teaching practices in the United States and Vanuatu (N = 125 caregiver and 3‐ to 8‐year‐old child pairs) during a collaborative problem‐solving task. Caregivers used diverse verbal and nonverbal teaching practices and adjusted their behaviors in response to task difficulty and child age in both populations. U.S. caregivers used practices consistent with a direct active teaching style typical of formal education, including guiding children’s participation, frequent praise, and facilitation. In contrast, Ni‐Vanuatu caregivers used practices associated with informal education and divided tasks with children based on difficulty. The implications of these findings for claims about the universality and diversity of caregiver teaching are discussed.
Capacity Investment in a New Production Location
Authors: Shao Lusheng 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTFirms proactively search for low‐cost production locations to enjoy cost‐based advantages. In this article, we develop a two‐stage stochastic program to study a firm's capacity investment and production decisions about the exploration of new production locations. In the first stage, the firm determines how much capacity to build at the new location, and in the second stage, after the product demand and the production cost at the new location have been observed, the firm determines the optimal production quantities. We first characterize the firm's optimal decisions and then examine how the optimal capacity level and firm profit are affected by the key parameters. We find that the firm may be better off when either the production cost or the demand is more variable. Using numerical analyses, we also investigate the value of retaining the existing location, and our results demonstrate that retaining the existing location obtains the highest value when the market size is large, the consumers are insensitive to price, the market demand is highly uncertain, or the variability of the production cost at the new location is either sufficiently high or sufficiently low. Finally, we extend our baseline setting in two directions: one in which the firm makes the production decision prior to demand realization, and the other in which there is a finite capacity at the existing location. For both extensions, we demonstrate the robustness of the results obtained for the baseline setting.
Heautonomy: Schiller on freedom of the will
Authors: Noller Jörg 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn his book “Schiller as Philosopher”, Frederick Beiser laments that “contemporary Kant scholars have been intent on ignoring him. If they know anything at all about Schiller, it is only as the author of an epigram satirizing Kant”. Therefore, Beiser calls us “to consider Schiller as a philosopher, to reconstruct and appraise the arguments of his philosophical writings” (Beiser, 2005, p. vii). In this paper, I shall argue that it is Schiller's conception of freedom of the will as “heautonomy” that stands behind his critique and modification of Kant's ethics. However, the systematic significance of Schiller's theory of freedom is not obvious. Its argumentative structure must first be reconstructed—as Beiser has demanded—because it is concealed by an esthetic discourse. A reconstruction of Schiller's theory of freedom shows that he contrasts his concept of heautonomy as individual self‐determination with the Kantian concept of an autonomy or autocracy of reason by the universal moral law. Schiller's own philosophical contribution to the debate on freedom after Kant must therefore not be understood as a mere esthetic balancing and softening of Kant's ethical rigorism. Rather, it shows serious transformations of Kant's approach, which justifies understanding it as a critical step beyond Kant's theory of the autonomy of reason.
Stereotactic MRI‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for extratemporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Gupta Kunal , Cabaniss Brian , Kheder Ammar , Gedela Satyanarayana , Koch Paul , Hewitt Kelsey C. , Alwaki Abdulrahman , Rich Christopher , Ramesha Supriya , Hu Ranliang , Drane Daniel L. , Gross Robert E. , Willie Jon T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRg‐LITT) is an alternative to open epilepsy surgery. We assess safety and effectiveness of MRg‐LITT for extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE) in patients who are considered less favorable for open resection.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed sequential cases of patients with focal ETLE who underwent MRg‐LITT between 2012 and 2019. Epileptogenic zones were determined from standard clinical and imaging data ± stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Standard stereotactic techniques, MRI thermometry, and a commercial laser thermal therapy system were used for ablations. Anatomic MRI was used to calculate ablation volumes. Clinical outcomes were determined longitudinally.ResultsThirty‐five patients with mean epilepsy duration of 21.3 ± 12.2 years underwent MRg‐LITT for focal ETLE at a mean age 36.4 ± 12.7 years. A mean 2.59 ± 1.45 trajectories per patient were used to obtain ablation volumes of 8.8 ± 7.5 cm3. Mean follow‐up was 27.3 ± 19.5 months. Of 32 patients with >12 months of follow‐up, 17 (53%) achieved good outcomes (Engel class I + II) of whom 14 (44%) were Engel class I. Subgroup analysis revealed better outcomes for patients with lesional ETLE than for those who were nonlesional, multifocal, or who had failed prior interventions (P = .02). Of 13 patients showing favorable seizure‐onset patterns (localized low voltage fast activity or rhythmic spiking on SEEG) prior to ablation, 9 (69%) achieved good outcomes, whereas only 3 of 11 (27%) who show other slower onset patterns achieved good outcomes. Minor adverse events included six patients with transient sensorimotor neurologic deficits and four patients with asymptomatic hemorrhages along the fiber tract. Major adverse events included one patient with a brain abscess that required stereotactic drainage and one patient with persistent hypothalamic obesity. Three deaths—two seizure‐associated and one suicide—were unrelated to surgical procedures.SignificanceMRI‐guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (or MRg‐LITT) was well‐tolerated and yielded good outcomes in a heterogeneous group of ETLE patients. Lesional epilepsy and favorable seizure‐onset patterns on SEEG predicted higher likelihoods of success.
A semi‐analytical formula for calculating the notch stress field of cruciform welded joint under bending loading
Authors: Shen Wei , Qiu Yu , Xu Lin , Liu Enqian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA fine finite element model should be established in fatigue assessment of cruciform welded specimens in notch stress method, and there is no analytical or empirical notch stress formula suitable for engineering application. Based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and singular strength theory, this paper put forward a simple semi‐analytical formula of notch stress for commonly used cruciform joints. Considering the influence of incision types and different opening angles, the proposed formula is further extended to U‐shaped notch and other common opening angles. After a series of verification, it is found that the proposed semi‐analytical stress formula based on singular strength values can simply and accurately predict the notch stress under bending loading, which provides a simple assessment approach for fatigue assessment of cruciform welded joints in engineering.
Foraging deeply: Depth‐specific plant nitrogen uptake in response to climate‐induced N‐release and permafrost thaw in the High Arctic
Authors: Pedersen Emily P. , Elberling Bo , Michelsen Anders 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWarming in the Arctic accelerates top‐soil decomposition and deep‐soil permafrost thaw. This may lead to an increase in plant‐available nutrients throughout the active layer soil and near the permafrost thaw front. For nitrogen (N) limited high arctic plants, increased N availability may enhance growth and alter community composition, importantly affecting the ecosystem carbon balance. However, the extent to which plants can take advantage of this newly available N may be constrained by the following three factors: vertical distribution of N within the soil profile, timing of N‐release, and competition with other plants and microorganisms. Therefore, we investigated species‐ and depth‐specific plant N uptake in a high arctic tundra, northeastern Greenland. Using stable isotopic labelling (15N‐NH4+), we simulated autumn N‐release at three depths within the active layer: top (10 cm), mid (45 cm) and deep‐soil near the permafrost thaw front (90 cm). We measured plant species‐specific N uptake immediately after N‐release (autumn) and after 1 year, and assessed depth‐specific microbial N uptake and resource partitioning between above‐ and below‐ground plant parts, microorganisms and soil. We found that high arctic plants actively foraged for N past the peak growing season, notably the graminoid Kobresia myosuroides. While most plant species (Carex rupestris, Dryas octopetala, K. myosuroides) preferred top‐soil N, the shrub Salix arctica also effectively acquired N from deeper soil layers. All plants were able to obtain N from the permafrost thaw front, both in autumn and during the following growing season, demonstrating the importance of permafrost‐released N as a new N source for arctic plants. Finally, microbial N uptake markedly declined with depth, hence, plant access to deep‐soil N pools is a competitive strength. In conclusion, plant species‐specific competitive advantages with respect to both time‐ and depth‐specific N‐release may dictate short‐ and long‐term plant community changes in the Arctic and consequently, larger‐scale climate feedbacks.
Sorghum silage quality as determined by chemical–nutritional factors
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Henrique Mazza , Pinedo Lerner Arévalo , Meyer Paula Marques , da Silva Thiago Henrique , Guimarães Iuli Caetano da Silva Brandão 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an ensilable tropical plant known as a good alternative to maize crops in regions with scarce rainfall. The objective of this trial was to obtain prediction models based on nutritional contents and end products of sorghum silage fermentation as related to the dry‐matter composition of fresh plants before ensiling. Eleven different sorghum cultivars (including silage, graniferous and sweet types) were used. Twenty‐five sorghum plots were harvested between 80 and 120 days of growth. Fifty plastic buckets were used as experimental microsilos and opened between 60 and 90 days of storage. Statistical modelling was used to create a prediction equation that could explain the impact of fresh sorghum composition on the chemical and nutritional composition of its silage. A complex model was detected by stepwise multiple regression to predict the difference of in vitro dry‐matter digestibility (IVDMD) before and after ensiling, but a simpler model, which involved only the sum of water‐soluble carbohydrate (fWSC) and hemicellulose (fHemi) concentrations in the dry matter of fresh forage, was considered to more usable. It had an acceptable coefficient of determination (0.51). The higher amount of WSC and Hemi in fresh sorghum linearly decreased the difference between IVDMD before and after the ensiling process. A WSC concentration of 125.4 g/kg DM in fresh sorghum is recommended for an ideal silage fermentation when considering pH and lactic acid levels, although ethanol levels continued to increase.
Effectiveness of a far‐infrared low‐temperature sauna program on geriatric syndrome and frailty in community‐dwelling older people
Authors: Sugie Masamitsu , Harada Kazumasa , Takahashi Tetsuya , Nara Marina , Fujimoto Hajime , Kyo Shunei , Ito Hideki 
Published: August 2020

AimAlthough it is known that geriatric syndrome is associated with the development of frailty, it is not known whether an amelioration of geriatric syndrome also improves shared risk factors and frailty.MethodsIn total, 67 community‐dwelling older people (79.6 ± 6.5 years, 49 women) participated in this study (41 were classified as pre‐frail and 26 as frail). We analyzed indices of physical frailty and cognitive depression, exercise tolerance and health‐related quality of life as frailty related indices, and the participants completed a questionnaire regarding common geriatric symptoms (cold extremities, leg edema, breathlessness, urinary incontinence, chronic headache, chronic pain, a sense of numbness, anorexia, constipation, insomnia and skin trouble) using numeric ratings. Frailty was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J‐CHS) criteria. The participants then underwent a far‐infrared low‐temperature sauna (FILTS) program twice a week for 3 months and the above parameters were reassessed.ResultsAfter the FILTS program, there were significant differences in usual walking speed, peak oxygen uptake, Geriatric Depression Scale‐15, health‐related quality of life and the severity of several geriatric symptoms. Of the 67 participants, 18 showed improvements in their J‐CHS frailty score, 47 showed no change and two showed reductions. Linear regression analysis showed that the change in the numeric rating of the coldness of extremities (B = −0.105, P = 0.013) and the cumulative numeric rating for geriatric syndromes (B = 0.044, P < 0.001) were independent determinants of the change in the J‐CHS score.ConclusionsA 3‐month FILTS program ameliorates geriatric syndrome, the severity of frailty and frailty related indices in older Japanese people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 892–898.
Sexual risk and HIV testing disconnect in men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited to an online HIV self‐testing trial
Authors: Rodger AJ , Dunn D , McCabe L , Weatherburn P , Lampe FC , Witzel TC , Burns F , Ward D , Pebody R , Trevelion R , Brady M , Kirwan PD , Khawam J , Delpech VC , Gabriel M , Collaco‐Moraes Y , Phillips AN , McCormack S 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesWe report the frequency of previous HIV testing at baseline in men who have sex with men (MSM) who enrolled in an HIV self‐testing (HIVST) randomized controlled trial [an HIV self‐testing public health intervention (SELPHI)].MethodsCriteria for enrolment were age ≥ 16 years, being a man (including trans men) who ever had anal intercourse (AI) with a man, not being known to be HIV positive and having consented to national HIV database linkage. Using online survey baseline data (2017–2018), we assessed associations with never having tested for HIV and not testing in the previous 6 months, among men who reported at least two recent condomless AI (CAI) partners.ResultsA total of 10 111 men were randomized; the median age was 33 years [interquartile range (IQR) 26–44 years], 89% were white, 20% were born outside the UK, 0.8% were trans men, 47% were degree educated, and 8% and 4% had ever used and were currently using pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), respectively. In the previous 3 months, 89% reported AI and 72% reported CAI with at least one male partner. Overall, 17%, 33%, 54%, and 72% had tested for HIV in the last 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 2 years, respectively; 13% had tested more than 2 years ago and 15% had never tested. Among 3972 men reporting at least two recent CAI partners, only 22% had tested in the previous 3 months. Region of residence and education level were independently associated with recent HIV testing. Among current PrEP users, 15% had not tested in the previous 6 months.ConclusionsMost men in SELPHI, particularly those reporting at least two CAI partners and current PrEP users, were not testing in line with current UK recommendations. The results of the trial will inform whether online promotion of HIVST addresses ongoing testing barriers.