bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐6‐mediated resistance to immunotherapy is linked to impaired myeloid cell function
Authors: Beyranvand Nejad Elham , Labrie Camilla , van der Sluis Tetje C. , van Duikeren Suzanne , Franken Kees L. M. C. , Roosenhoff Rueshandra , Arens Ramon , van Hall Thorbald , van der Burg Sjoerd H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh serum levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) correlate with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in several cancers. The underlying mechanisms and its effects on immunotherapy are largely unknown. To address this, we developed a human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)‐associated tumor model expressing IL‐6 to investigate the impact of tumor‐expressed IL‐6 during cisplatin chemotherapy and HPV16 synthetic long peptide vaccination as immunotherapy. The effects of tumor‐produced IL‐6 on tumor growth, survival and the tumor microenvironment were analyzed. Our data demonstrated that tumor‐produced IL‐6 conferred resistance to cisplatin and therapeutic vaccination. This was not caused by a changed in vitro or in vivo growth rate of tumor cells, or a changed sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy or T‐cell‐mediated killing. Furthermore, no overt differences in the frequencies of tumor‐infiltrating subsets of T cells or CD11b+ myeloid cells were observed. IL‐6, however, affected the systemic and local function of myeloid cells, reflected by a strong reduction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression on all major myeloid cell subtypes. Resistance to both therapies was associated with a changed intratumoral influx of MHC class II+ myeloid cells toward myeloid cells with no or lower MHC class II expression. Importantly, while these IL‐6‐mediated effects provided resistance to the immunotherapy and chemotherapy as single therapies, their combination still successfully mediated tumor control. In conclusion, IL‐6‐mediated therapy resistance is caused by an extrinsic mechanism involving an impaired function of intratumoral myeloid cells. The fact that resistance can be overcome by combination therapies provides direction to more effective therapies for cancer.
Alternative nivolumab duration and scheduling in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: A real‐world evidence
Authors: Dudnik Elizabeth , Moskovitz Mor , Agbarya Abed , Gottfried Teodor , Shochat Tzippy , Urban Damien , Zer Alona , Rotem Ofer , Moore Assaf , Yust Shlomit , Peled Nir , Wollner Mira , Bar Jair ,   Israel Lung Cancer Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (aNSCLC), stopping nivolumab after 12 months negatively affects outcomes. We performed a world data‐based analysis assessing the value of nivolumab continuation and optimal dosing beyond 24 months. Out of 697 consecutive patients with aNSCLC in whom nivolumab was initiated between 2015 and 2018, 45 patients receiving nivolumab for ≥24 months were selected. These were divided into Groups A: nivolumab administered at a dose 3 mg/kg q2 weeks/240 mg q2 weeks/480 mg q4 weeks, n = 25; B: nivolumab re‐scheduled to a nonstandard dose 3 mg/kg q3 weeks‐q8 weeks, n = 13; C: nivolumab stopped after 24 months, n = 7; (in Groups B and C—for reasons other than progressive disease or intolerable toxicity). Progression‐free survival (PFS) (Revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1) and safety (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03) were assessed. With median follow‐up of 35.6 months (interquartile range 28.4‐41.8), 4%, 31%, 29% and 30% of patients progressed in Groups A, B, C and B+C, respectively. PFS at 36 months since nivolumab initiation comprised 100%, 67%, 67% and 67%, in Groups A, B, C and B+C, respectively. PFS at 40 months since nivolumab initiation comprised 83%, 67%, 67% and 67%, in Groups A, B, C and B+C, respectively. Allocation to Group A vs Group B, C and B+C was associated with hazard ratio for PFS‐0.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02‐1.77, P‐.15), 0.20 (95% CI, 0.02‐2.25, P‐.19) and 0.20 (95% CI, 0.02‐1.66, P‐.14), respectively. No differences in newly occurring or worsening adverse events between the groups were observed. A trend for worse PFS was observed with alternative nivolumab scheduling or quitting 24 months after initiation. Continuing nivolumab at a standard dose until disease progression or intolerable toxicity remains the standard treatment option.
muTarget: A platform linking gene expression changes and mutation status in solid tumors
Authors: Nagy Ádám , Győrffy Balázs 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLarge oncology repositories have paired genomic and transcriptomic data for all patients. We used these data to perform two independent analyses: to identify gene expression changes related to a gene mutation and to identify mutations altering the expression of a selected gene. All data processing steps were performed in the R statistical environment. RNA‐sequencing and mutation data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The DESeq2 algorithm was applied for RNA‐seq normalization, and transcript variants were annotated with AnnotationDbi. MuTect2‐identified somatic mutation data were utilized, and the MAFtools Bioconductor program was used to summarize the data. The Mann‐Whitney U test was used for differential expression analysis. The established database contains 7876 solid tumors from 18 different tumor types with both somatic mutation and RNA‐seq data. The utility of the approach is presented via three analyses in breast cancer: gene expression changes related to TP53 mutations, gene expression changes related to CDH1 mutations and mutations resulting in altered progesterone receptor (PGR) expression. The breast cancer database was split into equally sized training and test sets, and these data sets were analyzed independently. The highly significant overlap of the results (chi‐square statistic = 16 719.7 and P < .00001) validates the presented pipeline. Finally, we set up a portal at http://www.mutarget.com enabling the rapid identification of novel mutational targets. By linking somatic mutations and gene expression, it is possible to identify biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in different types of solid tumors. The registration‐free online platform can increase the speed and reduce the development cost of novel personalized therapies.
Price discovery in two‐tier markets
Authors: Bjønnes Geir H. , Osler Carol L. , Rime Dagfinn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the price discovery process in a two‐tier market, specifically the foreign‐exchange market. The goal is to identify the sources of private information and to gain insights into the process through which that information influences the market price. Using a transactions database that includes trading‐party identities, we show that sustained post‐trade returns rise with bank size, implying that larger banks have an information advantage. The larger banks exploit this information advantage in placing limit orders as well as market orders. We also show that the bank's private information does not come from their corporate or government customers or from some asset managers. Instead, the bank's private information appears to come from other asset managers, including hedge funds, and from the bank's own analysis.
Role of financial development in economic growth in the light of asymmetric effects and financial efficiency
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Nasir Muhammad A. , Lahiani Amine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe growth effects of financial development might be asymmetric and nonlinear according to the level of financialization of countries. As a corollary to this notion, in the subject study, we developed a three‐regime threshold autoregressive distributed lags (TARDL) model, which allows us to accommodate the asymmetric effect of financial development on economic growth in top 10 financially developed countries. We augmented the TARDL model by including trade openness, capital formation and labour as potential determinants of economic growth. The empirical findings revealed the existence of threshold asymmetric co‐integration between variables. In particular, in the upper regime, financial development boosts economic growth in Singapore while it exerts a negative impact on economic growth in Finland. In the middle regime, financial development increases economic growth in Australia and Singapore. However, in the lower regime, financial development hampers economic growth in the US, Malaysia and Singapore. Trade openness has a positive long‐run influence on economic growth in Canada, South Africa, Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Finland and Norway. Capital formation strengthens economic growth in the US and Malaysia in the long‐run. Labour is found to sustain economic growth in the long‐run for Malaysia and Singapore. The dynamic multipliers which depict the response path of economic growth to a one‐unit shock of financial development in the three regimes highlight the discrepancies in the reaction of economic growth to financial development shocks occurring in different regimes. Important policy implications can be instigated from the empirical results.
Investigating foreign portfolio investment holdings: Gravity model with social network analysis
Authors: Mazur Luke , Suesse Thomas , Krivitsky Pavel N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractForeign portfolio investment (FPI) has been modelled with the aim of observing patterns, discovering potential inefficiencies and providing evidence for theories. Over the course of many studies, bilateral FPI appears to increase with an increase in the correlation between the gross domestic product growth rates of the sender and the receiver. The Capital Asset Pricing Model in financial theory predicts the opposite—and this is known as the correlation puzzle. One possible explanation is that the correlation is a proxy for both diversification benefits and informational asymmetry. Using seven cross‐sections of bilateral FPI holdings data from the CEPII Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey for the years 2000–2006, we attempt to explain the correlation puzzle by augmenting the gravity model with random effects to account for heterogeneity in propensity to send and receive investments and with latent space position models to account for effects of unobserved country attributes, as well as transitivity, clustering, and balance in order to capture the information asymmetry and leave the correlation coefficient as a measure of the diversification benefit. We use maximum likelihood Heckman sample selection estimators to account for potential bias in estimators that can be caused by frequent zeros in our data, describing a model for the presence or absence of FPI between the two countries and a model for the level of FPI between two countries conditional on its presence. We find that if there is a presence of FPI between country s and country r, then as the correlation between the economic growth of these countries increases, the level of investment will decrease. However, this correlation has no significant impact on the decision of country s to invest in country r.
A novel case of uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex‐cord tumor (UTROSCT) recurrent with GREB1‐NCOA2 fusion
Authors: Chen Zhengyi , Lan Jianfa , Chen Qionghua , Lin Dianchao , Hong Yihuang 
Published: September 2020

The patient suffered a recurrence of uterine tumors 14 years after radical treatment. Incomplete cytoreductive surgery enabled a diagnosis of UTROSCT with a novel genetic fusion.
Random forest and rotation forest ensemble methods for classification of epileptic EEG signals based on improved 1D‐LBP feature extraction
Authors: Geran Malek Amirreza , Mansoori Mojtaba , Omranpour Hesam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, an efficient method for extracting and selecting features of unrefined Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals according to the one‐dimensional local binary pattern (1D‐LBP) is presented. Considering that taking a correct decision on various issues particularly in the field of diagnosing diseases, such as epilepsy, is of paramount importance, a functional approach is designed to extract the optimal features of EEG signals. The proposed method is comprised of two main steps: First, extraction and selection of features is performed based on a novel improved 1D‐LBP model followed by data normalization through principal component analysis (PCA); as combining 1D‐LBP neighboring models and PCA (1D‐LBPc2p) method. The second step includes classification using two of the best ensemble classification algorithms, that is, random forest and rotation forest. A comparative evaluation is performed between the proposed methods and 13 distinct reported approaches including uniform and non‐uniform 1D‐LBP. The results are demonstrating that the combining method presented in our approaches has superiority along with efficiency by providing higher accuracy compared to the other models and classifiers. The proposed method in this paper can be considered as a new method for feature extraction and selection of other kinds of EEG signals and data sets.
A Reference chart for clinical biochemical tests of hemolyzed serum samples
Authors: Ni Jun , Zhu Wenbo , Wang Yanyang , Wei Xuefei , Li Jingjing , Peng Lu , Zhang Kui , Bai Bing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the effect of hemolysis has been extensively evaluated on clinical biochemical tests, a practical guidance for laboratory staff to rapidly determine whether a hemolyzed blood sample is acceptable and how to interpret the results is lacking. Here, we introduce a chart as a convenient reference for dealing with such samples.MethodsSerum samples with 0.1%, 0.3%, 1%, 3%, and 10% hemolysis were prepared from sonicated endogenous red blood cells and received 35 wet and 22 dry clinical biochemical tests, respectively. The contributing part in the biochemical test result at each hemolysis condition was derived by subtracting the original test result of this sample with no hemolysis. The net results were used for analyses and preparation of the reference chart.ResultsThe reference chart displayed the analytically calculated hemolysis interference and related statistical analyses. The chart also provided the color appearance of serum samples at each hemolysis condition for clinical staffs to determine whether a hemolyzed sample could be accepted.ConclusionIn clinical laboratories, preparation of such a reference chart is extremely useful in dealing with hemolyzed blood samples for clinical biochemical tests.
Muscle memory: myonuclear accretion, maintenance, morphology, and miRNA levels with training and detraining in adult mice
Authors: Murach Kevin A. , Mobley C. Brooks , Zdunek Christopher J. , Frick Kaitlyn K. , Jones Savannah R. , McCarthy John J. , Peterson Charlotte A. , Dungan Cory M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the context of mass regulation, ‘muscle memory’ can be defined as long‐lasting cellular adaptations to hypertrophic exercise training that persist during detraining‐induced atrophy and may facilitate future adaptation. The cellular basis of muscle memory is not clearly defined but may be related to myonuclear number and/or epigenetic changes within muscle fibres.MethodsUtilizing progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR), a novel murine exercise training model, we explored myonuclear dynamics and skeletal muscle miRNA levels with training and detraining utilizing immunohistochemistry, single fibre myonuclear analysis, and quantitative analysis of miRNAs. We also used a genetically inducible mouse model of fluorescent myonuclear labelling to study myonuclear adaptations early during exercise.ResultsIn the soleus, oxidative type 2a fibres were larger after 2 months of PoWeR (P = 0.02), but muscle fibre size and myonuclear number did not return to untrained levels after 6 months of detraining. Soleus type 1 fibres were not larger after PoWeR but had significantly more myonuclei, as well as central nuclei (P < 0.0001), the latter from satellite cell‐derived or resident myonuclei, appearing early during training and remaining with detraining. In the gastrocnemius muscle, oxidative type 2a fibres of the deep region were larger and contained more myonuclei after PoWeR (P < 0.003), both of which returned to untrained levels after detraining. In the gastrocnemius and plantaris, two muscles where myonuclear number was comparable with untrained levels after 6 months of detraining, myonuclei were significantly elongated with detraining (P < 0.0001). In the gastrocnemius, miR‐1 was lower with training and remained lower after detraining (P < 0.002).ConclusionsThis study found that (i) myonuclei gained during hypertrophy are lost with detraining across muscles, even in oxidative fibres; (ii) complete reversal of muscle adaptations, including myonuclear number, to untrained levels occurs within 6 months in the plantaris and gastrocnemius; (iii) the murine soleus is resistant to detraining; (iv) myonuclear accretion occurs early with wheel running and can be uncoupled from muscle fibre hypertrophy; (v) resident (non‐satellite cell‐derived) myonuclei can adopt a central location; (vi) myonuclei change shape with training and detraining; and (vii) miR‐1 levels may reflect a memory of previous adaptation that facilitates future growth.
Attitudes and perceptions of dental students towards artificial intelligence
Authors: Yüzbaşıoğlu Emir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionArtificial Intelligence (AI) is a burning topic and use of AI in our day‐to‐day life has increased exponentially. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitudes and perceptions of Turkish dental students towards AI and to provide information about their opinions to use of AI in dentistry.MethodsA 22‐question survey was distributed through Google Forms to all dental students at 9 Turkish dental schools in March 2019. It consisted of various sections aiming to evaluate the dental students’ knowledge and attitudes toward AI and possible applications in dentistry. Respondents’ anonymity was ensured.ResultsA total of 1103 students (650 female, 453 male; mean age was 21.36 ± 1.93 years) responded to the questionnaire for a 21.69% response rate. Of these, about 48.40% had basic knowledge about AI technologies and 10.6% stated that they had no information sources about AI. 85.70% agreed that dentistry would be revolutionized by AI but 28.60% did not agree that AI could replace themselves in the near future. In addition, 74.60% and 79.80% of agreed on topics about AI to be included in undergraduate and postgraduate dental education, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough participants have insufficient knowledge of AI, they are willing to improve their knowledge in this field. Participants shared an optimistic views and thought that AI will have a positive impact on dental future practice. Follow‐up surveys and multinational studies should be conducted to further explore these issues.
Fracture load and microcrack comparison of crowns manufactured from tooth‐shaped and traditional blocks
Authors: Arslan Merve , Tosun İlgi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study intended to analyze microcracks and fractographic markings on the surface of all ceramic crowns after milling and compare the fracture loads. 90 crowns were manufactured from two feldspathic (Priticrown‐Pr and Vita Mark II‐Vi) and a lithium disilicate (EmaxCAD‐Em) blocks (n = 30). Two groups (n = 15) were prepared for each ceramic. In the first group, crowns were analyzed twice via the fluorescent penetrant method for microcrack detection, after the manufacturing process and thermal cycles. The load to fracture test was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until catastrophic failure. Second group crowns were directly cemented onto the Co‐Cr dies following the manufacturing process and loaded to fracture. Fractographic markings were analyzed through scanning electron microscope. Spearman correlation analysis, Kruskal–Wallis H test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were applied (α = .05). Fracture loads of Em crowns were higher than other groups (p < .05), with and without the aging procedure. Except for second group Pr (r = −.532), no significant relationship was found between microcrack numbers and fracture loads (p > .05). Thermal cycling did not affect microcrack numbers and fracture loads (p > .05). Tooth‐shaped multilayered Pr blocks did not provide an advantage in terms of microcrack and fracture loads.
Synthesis of a truncated tetradenolide
Authors: Dávila García Álvaro , Bernès Sylvain , Sartillo‐Piscil Fernando , Meza‐León Rosa Luisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe enantiopure synthesis of a truncated tetradenolide is presented. Starting from the versatile Chiron 7,3‐lactone‐xylofuranose derivative (7,3‐LXF), the enantiomerically pure synthesis of the title compound is obtained in six steps with a 40% overall yield.
Novel synthetic aromatic thiourea derivatives and investigations on their cytotoxic potential efficacy
Authors: Ray Ujjayinee , John Franklin , Pooppadi Sayeesh , George Jinu , Sharma Shivangi , Raghavan Sathees C 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAromatic thiourea derivatives were synthesized by standard reactions from isothiocyanates in high yield. An efficient one‐pot synthesis of primary amine with carbon disulfide involving the intermediate dithiocarbamate conversion using T3P (propane phosphonic anhydride) to isothiocyanate is reported. Newly synthesized compounds showed excellent luminescence property. Cytotoxic investigation with different human cancer cell lines showed IC50 values varying from of 17 to 40 μM for N‐phenethyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline‐2(1H)‐carbothioamide (SCR172) among other molecules. Increase in Sub G1 population and increased depolarisation of mitochondria were evident in cells treated with SCR172, suggesting its role as a cancer therapeutic agent. This provides a lead structure for further synthetic modifications.
Association of mortality and recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Amin Deepak , McKitish Kristin , Shah Prakesh S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo compare characteristics and outcomes of patients who had COVID‐19 with Mycoplasma pneumoniae immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to those without M. pneumoniae antibodies. We retrospectively reviewed cases admitted over a 4‐week period between 17 March 2020 and 14 April 2020 to the Hoboken University Medical Center, NJ, USA. We compared the outcomes of COVID‐19 patients who were positive for M. pneumoniae IgM with those who were negative for M. pneumoniae IgM. The primary outcome was mortality. The adjusted odds ratio was calculated after controlling for baseline differences. Of 139 patients admitted with COVID‐19, 79 were positive for M. pneumoniae IgM. The mortality among those who were M. pneumoniae IgM positive was significantly higher (adjusted odds ratio: 2.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 5.03) compared with those who were M. pneumoniae IgM negative. Patients with coinfection (COVID‐19 and mycoplasma) have higher mortality compared with patients with just COVID‐19 disease.