bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term retrospective observation study to evaluate effects of adiponectin on skeletal muscle in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Adachi Hiroki , Fujimoto Keiji , Fujii Ai , Yamasaki Keita , Okada Keiichiro , Matsuura Toshikazu , Okino Kazuaki , Furuichi Kengo , Yokoyama Hitoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough it has been reported that chronic kidney disease exacerbates sarcopenia progression, the mechanisms of the process remain unclear. Fifty-one patients who underwent renal transplantation at our hospital since 1998 (31 males and 20 females; aged 29–52 years at the time of transplantation) were retrospectively examined for the relationships among the psoas muscle index (PMI), intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC), serum adiponectin fractions (high-/low-molecular-weight) and new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT). Before transplantation, age at kidney transplantation negatively correlated with PMI and positively correlated with IMAC (rS = − 0.427, p < 0.01; rS = 0.464, p < 0.01, respectively). Both at 1 and 5 years after transplantation, PMI was higher than before transplantation (p < 0.01). IMAC transiently decreased to − 0.39 at 1 year after kidney transplantation but subsequently increased to − 0.36 at 5 years after kidney transplantation. Multivariate analyses revealed that the mean increase in high-molecular weight adiponectin concentrations was an exacerbating factor for the mean change in PMI (p = 0.003). Moreover, the mean increases in IMAC were exacerbating factors for NODAT. In conclusion, the increase in the PMI is associated with high–molecular weight adiponectin levels after renal transplantation.
Spin transport in a lateral spin valve with a suspended Cu channel
Authors: Matsuki Kenjiro , Ohshima Ryo , Leiva Livio , Ando Yuichiro , Shinjo Teruya , Tsuchiya Toshiyuki , Shiraishi Masashi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study spin transport through a suspended Cu channel by an electrical non-local 4-terminal measurement for future spin mechanics applications. A magnetoresistance due to spin transport through the suspended Cu channel is observed, and its magnitude is comparable to that of a conventional fixed Cu lateral spin valve. The spin diffusion length in the suspended Cu channel is estimated to be 340 nm at room temperature from the spin signal dependence on the distance between the ferromagnetic injector and detector electrodes. This value is found to be slightly shorter than in a fixed Cu. The decrease in the spin diffusion length in the suspended Cu channel is attributed to an increase in spin scattering originating from naturally oxidized Cu at the bottom of the Cu channel.
Bidirectional acoustic negative refraction based on a pair of metasurfaces with both local and global PT-symmetries
Authors: Lan Jun , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Liwei , Lai Yun , Liu Xiaozhou 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNegative refraction plays an important role in acoustic wave manipulation and imaging. However, conventional systems based on acoustic metamaterials suffer from the limits induced by loss-related and resolution issues. In this work, a parity-time (PT)-symmetric system is introduced to realize loss-free bidirectional acoustic negative refraction. The system is composed of a pair of locally PT-symmetric multi-layer metasurfaces sandwiching a region of free space, which also forms a global PT symmetry. The property of bidirectional negative refraction, which is rare for general PT-symmetric structures, is related to the coexistence of amplification and absorption in the locally PT-symmetric metasurfaces at their PT-broken phases. Such metasurfaces can freely switch their states between coherent perfect absorber (CPA) and amplifier depending on the direction of incidence. Our results provide a physical mechanism for realizing bidirectional functions in acoustic PT-symmetric systems.
Simultaneous recovery of high-purity Cu and poly(vinyl chloride) from waste wire harness via swelling followed by ball milling
Authors: Kumar Harendra , Kumagai Shogo , Kameda Tomohito , Saito Yuko , Yoshioka Toshiaki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) swelling coupled with ball milling was employed for the simultaneous recovery of high-purity Cu and PVC from waste wire harness under ambient conditions. The experimentally determined performances of 15 organic solvents for PVC swelling and phthalate plasticiser extraction were compared with those predicted considering Hansen solubility parameters. As a result, n-butyl acetate and acetone were identified as the two best solvents for adequate PVC swelling without PVC dissolution and almost complete plasticiser extraction within 60 min. The swelling was concluded to contribute to the control of phthalate plasticisers, the use of which in wire harness has recently been limited by the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive. Cables swollen with n-butyl acetate or acetone were subjected to dry ball milling for ~ 60 min to completely separate PVC and Cu and achieve the quantitative recovery of these components from 20-cm-long cables. Thus, this work unveils the high potential of recycling the otherwise non-recyclable long and non-uniform waste wire harness cables and is expected to impact the related (e.g., automotive, electrical, and electronics) industries, contributing to the establishment of a more sustainable society.
Bacterial associated urinary tract infection, risk factors, and drug susceptibility profile among adult people living with HIV at Haswassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Esthiopia
Authors: Tessema Netsanet Nigusse , Ali Musa Mohammed , Zenebe Mengistu Hyilemeriam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPeople living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more likely to develop urinary tract infections (UTI) due to the suppression of their immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors of UTI, and drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated among peoples infected with HIV. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 HIV positive individuals attending Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH) from September 17 to November 16, 2018. Midstream urine was collected from all study participants and inoculated on to Blood and MacConkey agar. Bacterial isolates were characterized by Gram stain and standard biochemical tests. Kirby-Bauer method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. A bivariate and a multivariable regression model were employed to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. From the total 224 study participants, 23 (10.3%) (95% CI 6.7–14.7) had culture-confirmed UTIs. The distributions of the bacteria were as follows: Escherichia coli 16 (69.6%), Staphylococcus aureus 2 (8.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 2 (8.7%), Enterobacter aerogenes 2 (8.7%) and Pseudomonas species 1 (4.3%). UTI prevalence was also high among study participants with a previous history of UTI and CD4+ count < 200/mm3. Female study participants were about five times more likely to have UTI (AOR 5.3, 95% CI 1.5–19.2). Ninety-three percent of bacteria isolated were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, and gentamycin; 87.5% were susceptible to meropenem and norfloxacin; whereas 93.8%, 68.8%, and 62.5% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 18 (78.3%) of bacterial isolates.
Real-world characterization of blood glucose control and insulin use in the intensive care unit
Authors: Baker Lawrence , Maley Jason H. , Arévalo Aldo , DeMichele Francis , Mateo-Collado Roselyn , Finkelstein Stan , Celi Leo Anthony 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe heterogeneity of critical illness complicates both clinical trial design and real-world management. This complexity has resulted in conflicting evidence and opinion regarding the optimal management in many intensive care scenarios. Understanding this heterogeneity is essential to tailoring management to individual patients. Hyperglycaemia is one such complication in the intensive care unit (ICU), accompanied by decades of conflicting evidence around management strategies. We hypothesized that analysis of highly-detailed electronic medical record (EMR) data would demonstrate that patients vary widely in their glycaemic response to critical illness and response to insulin therapy. Due to this variability, we believed that hyper- and hypoglycaemia would remain common in ICU care despite standardised approaches to management. We utilized the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III v1.4 (MIMIC) database. We identified 19,694 admissions between 2008 and 2012 with available glucose results and insulin administration data. We demonstrate that hyper- and hypoglycaemia are common at the time of admission and remain so 1 week into an ICU admission. Insulin treatment strategies vary significantly, irrespective of blood glucose level or diabetic status. We reveal a tremendous opportunity for EMR data to guide tailored management. Through this work, we have made available a highly-detailed data source for future investigation.
Association study based on topological constraints of protein–protein interaction networks
Authors: Guo Hao-Bo , Qin Hong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe non-random interaction pattern of a protein–protein interaction network (PIN) is biologically informative, but its potentials have not been fully utilized in omics studies. Here, we propose a network-permutation-based association study (NetPAS) method that gauges the observed interactions between two sets of genes based on the comparison between permutation null models and the empirical networks. This enables NetPAS to evaluate relationships, constrained by network topology, between gene sets related to different phenotypes. We demonstrated the utility of NetPAS in 50 well-curated gene sets and comparison of association studies using Z-scores, modified Zʹ-scores, p-values and Jaccard indices. Using NetPAS, a weighted human disease network was generated from the association scores of 19 gene sets from OMIM. We also applied NetPAS in gene sets derived from gene ontology and pathway annotations and showed that NetPAS uncovered functional terms missed by DAVID and WebGestalt. Overall, we show that NetPAS can take topological constraints of molecular networks into account and offer new perspectives than existing methods.
Die Einstellung deutscher Hausärzte zu rechtlichen und
wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen ihrer Tätigkeit
Authors: Berensmeier Nina , Schulze Johannes 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer medizinisch-technische Fortschritt, die demografische Entwicklung und ein
verändertes gesellschaftliches Verständnis von Gesundheit und
Krankheit verändern die Anforderungen an die moderne
hausärztliche Medizin. Parallel wächst der privat finanzierte
sekundäre Gesundheitsmarkt. Die hausärztliche Tätigkeit
ist durch die Vorgaben des Sozialgesetzbuches (wirtschaftlich, angemessen,
notwendig, zweckmäßig), zunehmend auch von der
ökonomischen Ausrichtung des sekundären Gesundheitsmarktes und
von rechtlichen Fragestellungen geprägt. Um die Auswirkungen dieser
Entwicklung zu erfassen, wurden deutsche niedergelassene Hausärzte zu
den hieraus resultierenden Einstellungen und Konsequenzen befragt. An der
vorliegenden Untersuchung nahmen 500 Hausärzte per Online-Umfrage zur
ärztlichen Tätigkeit teil. Der verwendete Fragebogen wurde auf
Grundlage halbstrukturierter Interviews entwickelt und vorgetestet. Er enthielt
Items zur Einstellung gegenüber dem sekundären Gesundheitsmarkt
sowie zu wirtschaftlichen und rechtlichen Konsequenzen. Die Stichprobe
teilnehmender Hausärzte war, mit Ausnahme des Geschlechts,
repräsentativ für niedergelassene Hausärzte in
Deutschland. Jeder zweite Hausarzt lehnte eine private Honorierung von
Gesundheitsleistungen ab. Der Einfluss medizinfremder Akteure auf
ärztliche Maßnahmen wurde von 75% negativ wahrgenommen.
Der Aussage, dass eine Integration innovativer Versorgungskonzepte durch die
Digitalisierung die Patientenversorgung verbessert, stimmten nur 8% der
Teilnehmer zu, während 37% diese Aussage ablehnten. 41%
der Befragten befürworten eine stärkere rechtliche
Überwachung wegen des zunehmenden negativen Einflusses der
Privatisierung. Allerdings empfanden etwa zwei Drittel der Teilnehmer die
aktuelle Gesetzgebung, darunter die Verabschiedung des Antikorruptionsgesetzes
2016, als unangemessen. Das Vertrauen von Hausärzten in die juristische
Strafverfolgung medizinischer Tatbestände ist nur gering. Das
hausärztliche Selbstverständnis wird sich durch eine
stärkere Integration wirtschaftlicher und rechtlicher Aspekte
ändern, welches für eine moderne Hausarztmedizin erforderlich
ist. Eine kritische Diskussion zu möglichen Folgen der
Wettbewerbsorientierung muss jegliche innovative Versorgung streng begleiten.
Die Verknüpfung des klassischen Gesundheitssystems mit dem
sekundären Gesundheitsmarkt bietet neben der Gefahr der
Ökonomisierung einer Praxis auch Chance zur Verbesserung der
medizinischen Versorgungsqualität.
Metabolische Wirkungen und kardiovaskuläre Sicherheit einer oralen Dreifachtherapie des Typ-2-Diabetes: das Beispiel Metformin, Empagliflozin und Linagliptin
Authors: Gallwitz Baptist , Schmieder Roland 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungBasierend auf neuen Erkenntnissen und Leitlinien wird die orale Dreifachtherapie des Typ-2-Diabetes am Beispiel der Kombination aus Metformin, Empagliflozin und Linagliptin diskutiert. Der SGLT-2-Hemmstoff Empagliflozin verbessert im Vergleich zu Placebo den kombinierten Endpunkt aus kardiovaskulärem Tod oder nicht tödlichem Myokardinfarkt oder Schlaganfall (MACE-3) und reduziert die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Klinikaufnahme wegen Herzinsuffizienz sowie die Gesamtsterblichkeit. Eine neu auftretende oder sich verschlechternde Nephropathie wird ebenfalls seltener beobachtet. Der DPP-4-Hemmstoff Linagliptin senkt Blutzucker und HbA1c und hat keine Wirkungen auf den kardiovaskulären Endpunkt MACE-3, während die Progression der Albuminurie im Vergleich zu Placebo vermindert wird. Im Vergleich zum Sulfonylharnstoff Glimepirid sind die kardiovaskulären Wirkungen ähnlich, Hypoglykämien aber deutlich seltener. Die Kombination des insulinotropen Linagliptin mit dem insulinunabhängigen Glukose ausscheidenden Wirkprinzip von Empagliflozin verbessert im Vergleich zu Placebo bei mit Metformin unzureichend behandelten Patienten die metabolische Situation. Bei solchen Patienten ist die Fixkombination aus Empagliflozin und Linagliptin die erste, bei der Langzeitwirkungen der Einzelkomponenten in drei kardiovaskulären Endpunktstudien bestätigt wurden.
Far Lateral Approach (Transcondylar, Transtubercular) for Bypass and Trapping of a Ruptured, Dissecting PICA Aneurysm
Authors: Venteicher Andrew S. , Goldschmidt Ezequiel , Gardner Paul A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAneurysms of the posterior circulation pose a unique challenge due to higher rupture rates, higher recurrence rates following endovascular treatment, and extended open cranial base approaches required to reach the ventrally located brainstem circulation. While endovascular therapy has made tremendous strides in successful treatment for most posterior circulation aneurysms, open microscopic approaches remain essential in specific circumstances. Here, we present a case of a patient who presented with acute, severe headache, and sixth nerve palsies, and who was found to have hydrocephalus and a dissecting aneurysm at the anterolateral medullary segment of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Interestingly, this patient had a history of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency that has been linked with spontaneous aortic and cervical arterial dissections. The fusiform geometry of the dissecting aneurysm was deemed suboptimal for endovascular treatment, so an open microsurgical approach for occipital artery to PICA bypass and aneurysm trapping was planned. Because this patient had cerebral edema in the setting of a ruptured aneurysm and hydrocephalus, a far lateral craniotomy combined with drilling of the occipital condyle and jugular tubercle was critical to enhance exposure of the first segment of the PICA and to minimize brain retraction. In this video, we highlight the key steps and nuances for harvest of the occipital artery, achieving control of the extracranial vertebral artery, performing the transcondylar and transtubercular far lateral approach, and bypass with trapping technique for these challenging posterior circulation aneurysms.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/dqgblwX6t0Q.
Response Assessment Following Image-Guided Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Kalra Naveen , Gulati Ajay , Dev Vishnu , Gorsi Ujjwal , Cheluvashetty Sreedhara B. , Kumar-M Praveen , Duseja Ajay , Singh Virendra , Dhiman Radha K. , Sandhu Manavjit Singh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImage-guided locoregional therapies have an important role in the management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent advances in the ablative as well as endovascular therapies have expanded the role of interventional radiologists in the treatment of HCC. Following image-guided therapy, an accurate response assessment is vital. Knowledge regarding normal postprocedure changes and subtle signs of residual or recurrent disease is important. In this review, we discuss various response evaluation criteria currently employed for HCC. We also discuss the postprocedure imaging features suggestive of residual disease or recurrence and imaging biomarkers for response assessment.
Outcome of Cardiac ECMO in Children Less than 1 Year Age Undergoing Corrective Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Singh Sarvesh Pal , Sengupta Sanjoy , Sahu Manoj Kumar , Talwar Sachin , Devagourou Velayoudham , Rajashekar Palleti , Chowdhury Ujjwal Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as an effective mechanical support device to support both respiratory and cardiac function following cardiac surgery. The use of ECMO is more common among children who undergo complex surgical procedures. The objective of this study was to observe the outcomes of children subjected to central venoarterial (VA) ECMO after congenital cardiac surgery and identify the factors influencing survival in these children. Twenty children, below the age of 1 year, who underwent corrective cardiac surgery and were placed on ECMO support within first 48 hours of biventricular repair, from July 2018 to June 2019, were included in this study. ECMO was initiated either in the operating room (either preoperative decision or unable to come off cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB]) or in the intensive care unit (low-cardiac output syndrome). The maintenance and weaning from ECMO was done as per institute protocol. At the initiation of ECMO, the flows were maintained between 100 and 150 mL/kg/min. The flows were decreased if it was possible to maintain normal perfusion with lesser flows. Out of 20 children, 12 children were less than or equal to 2 months of age. The 30-day survival was 45% and all the children were alive at 4 months after discharge from hospital. A negative cumulative fluid balance (CFB) of more than 50 mL/kg in the first 48 hours, decreasing lactate and inotropic score, and improving ventricular function in the first 3 days of ECMO were associated with improved survival. The following factors were correlated with decreased survival: aortic cross-clamp time (AOCX T) more than 106 minutes, higher initial ECMO flows (75 vs. 52%), ECMO duration more than 4 days, increased transfusion of blood and blood products, urine output < 1.06 ± 0.81/kg/h (in the first 48 h), and increasing trend of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
Towards simpler and more transparent quantitative research reports
Authors: Vanhove Jan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The average quantitative research report in applied linguistics is needlessly complicated. Articles with over fifty
hypothesis tests are no exception, but despite such an onslaught of numbers, the patterns in the data often remain opaque to readers
well-versed in quantitative methods, not to mention to colleagues, students, and non-academics without years of experience in navigating
results sections. I offer five suggestions for increasing both the transparency and the simplicity of quantitative research reports: (1)
round numbers, (2) draw more graphs, (3) run and report fewer significance tests, (4) report simple rather than complex analyses when they
yield essentially the same results, and (5) use online appendices liberally to document secondary analyses and share code and data.
Analyses of time-related performance of betavoltaic batteries using TiT2
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Lu Jingbin , Zheng Renzhou , Wang Yu , Xu Xu , Liu Yumin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The time effect of tritium silicon p–n junction betavoltaic batteries is considered in this work. For a titanium tritium (TiT2) source, the processes of decaying, tritium leaking, swelling and 3He releasing are contained in the calculation, and expressions of component and density changes are obtained. As time goes by, the self-absorption rate has a downward trend, while all electrical performances decrease, especially the short-circuit current (ISC
) and the maximum output power (Pmax
). At about 3.5 a, the battery begins to release gaseous 3He, and the expiry date of the battery is about 10.7 a, shorter than the half-life of tritium. The result indicated that for a tritium source, the time leads to a significant reduction in the electrical performance of the battery, which cannot be ignored in simulations and experiments.
Influences of Starch on Ceramic-Foam Fabrication: A Short Review
Authors: Yatim N.H , Rahman H.A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ceramic foams are high-value products with multiple functions, such as thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, fireproof and freezing tolerance. Wide-ranging ceramic-foam applications can reduce energy consumption and indoor fire hazards. The utilisation of ceramic materials in manufacturing requires appropriate methods to reduce the problems associated with these features. Ceramic foams have excellent thermal stability and structural resilience against organic solvents and chemical corrosion. They can also be used in various engineering applications. Natural additives such as starch, sucrose and yolk are used to control the pore structure of the products. These additives serve as foaming and binding agents to enhance the stability of foaming slurry. The use of starch strengthening in the ceramic fabrication is widespread because of its low cost and reduced impact on the environment. The effects of starch addition on the mechanical properties of ceramic foams include increased density, linear shrinkage and compressive strength, as well as decreased porosity and water absorption. These effects depend on the contents of starch and sintering temperature. This review focuses on the use of starch as a binding agent for ceramic-foam fabrication.