bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative strategies to fight antimicrobial resistance: crowdsourcing to expand medical training
Authors: Kpokiri Eneyi E. , Budak Jehan Z. , Chang Christina C. , Ong Jason J. , Mabilat Claude , Peeling Rosanna W. , Van Duin David , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health concern across the world, but public awareness is low, few educational resources on diagnostics exist and professional interest in infectious diseases is waning. To spur interest in infectious disease, emphasize the role of diagnostics in management of resistant infections and develop educational resources to support antimicrobial stewardship. Methods: We employed crowdsourcing methods, using an open challenge contest to solicit clinical cases on antimicrobial resistance and clinical diagnostics. Results: We received 25 clinical cases from nine countries. After screening, 23 cases were eligible for judging. Three cases emerged as the top finalists and were further developed into an open access learning module on diagnostics and antimicrobial resistance. Conclusions: Crowdsourcing methods are beneficial for generating interest in infectious disease and developing educational resources to support antibiotic stewardship.
Adoption and impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19
Authors: Imai Natsuko , Gaythorpe Katy A.M. , Abbott Sam , Bhatia Sangeeta , van Elsland Sabine , Prem Kiesha , Liu Yang , Ferguson Neil M. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Several non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been implemented across the world to control the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Social distancing (SD) interventions applied so far have included school closures, remote working and quarantine. These measures have been shown to have large impacts on pandemic influenza transmission. However, there has been comparatively little examination of such measures for COVID-19. Methods: We examined the existing literature, and collated data, on implementation of NPIs to examine their effects on the COVID-19 pandemic so far. Data on NPIs were collected from official government websites as well as from media sources. Results: Measures such as travel restrictions have been implemented in multiple countries and appears to have slowed the geographic spread of COVID-19 and reduced initial case numbers. We find that, due to the relatively sparse information on the differences with and without interventions, it is difficult to quantitatively assess the efficacy of many interventions. Similarly, whilst the comparison to other pandemic diseases such as influenza can be helpful, there are key differences that could affect the efficacy of similar NPIs. Conclusions: The timely implementation of control measures is key to their success and must strike a balance between early enough application to reduce the peak of the epidemic and ensuring that they can be feasibly maintained for an appropriate duration. Such measures can have large societal impacts and they need to be appropriately justified to the population. As the pandemic of COVID-19 progresses, quantifying the impact of interventions will be a vital consideration for the appropriate use of mitigation strategies.
Childbirth satisfaction and perceptions of control: postnatal psychological implications
Authors: Townsend Michelle L , Brassel Alexandra K , Baafi Mercy , Grenyer Brin FS 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundSatisfaction with childbirth is associated with a number of factors prior to and during birth, including perceived control during labour, and has implications for postnatal psychological health.MethodsA total of 38 pregnant women recruited prior to 20-weeks gestation completed questionnaires regarding perceptions of control during, and satisfaction with, childbirth, mental health and maternal attachment at two-months postpartum. Birth details and breastfeeding difficulties were obtained from hospital records.ResultsSatisfaction with childbirth was associated with perceived control and a physiological birth, and perceived control was associated with a physiological birth and midwife-led continuity of care. At two-months postpartum, satisfaction with childbirth was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, while perceived control was associated with fewer anxiety symptoms.DiscussionIt is important for healthcare providers to implement practices that support birthing satisfaction, such as provision of midwife-led continuity of care. Healthcare provision should also provide psychological support to mothers whose birthing experience was unsatisfactory and tailor additional support during early breastfeeding for these women.
Intraligamentary Local Anaesthesia for Posterior Mandibular Extractions
Authors: Olley Ryan C , Renton Tara F , Frost Peter M 
Published: April 2020

This article reviews research and author experience behind Intraligamentary Local Anaesthesia (ILA) and Infiltration Local Anaesthesia (IFA) with Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB). In particular, the use of ILA with 4% articaine is discussed as an effective anaesthetic technique to replace both IANB and IFA for the purpose of tooth extraction in the posterior mandible. ILA also avoids the possible complications associated with IANB. Other advantages and some shortfalls of the ILA technique are described in relation to primary dental care. The technique for achieving ILA is described. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The ILA technique with articaine is a simple, swift and effective alternative to IANB and IFA for extraction of posterior teeth in the mandible in primary dental care. ILA has fewer potential debilitating complications than IANB and is likely to be more effective than IFA.
Short-Term Orthodontics: Reasons for Treatment and their Associated Risks, Precautions in Patient Selection
Authors: Ismail Hassan-Ali , Misra Sangeeta 
Published: April 2020

Short-term orthodontics (STO) is a concept that is being utilized principally on adult patients to correct minor dental irregularities. It is a cosmetically motivated treatment that is being increasingly sought as an alternative to conventional orthodontic treatment (COT). Although general dental practitioners (GDPs) who have completed further training can provide STO, for quality care delivery it is important to know the limitations of the scope of practice. This article aims to discuss the reasons for adults seeking STO, the societal pressures responsible for desiring it, precautions required by GDPs during patient selection and its associated risks. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Most importantly, GDPs should have a good understanding of societal pressures that induce patients' desires to seek STO. Therefore, the dental practitioner can manage patient expectations appropriately. This highlights the challenge that not every patient's desires can be delivered with STO. Furthermore, the article explains the limits and risks of STO which should be thoroughly explained to patients in the process of obtaining valid consent.
A Clinical Case: Restoration of Toothwear
Authors: Patel Janita 
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a case demonstrating treatment of localized severe toothwear and generalized moderate toothwear, in a previously bulimic and anorexic patient. The treatment plan and rationale for treatment is discussed. The case shows the analytical diagnostic steps taken to formulate the treatment plan, which focused on prevention, treatment of disease and restoration of teeth affected by toothwear, in order to achieve the objective of establishing oral health, function and aesthetics.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Using available interocclusal space created by repositioning the mandible into the retruded centric relation position, this case demonstrates minimally invasive direct additive composite placements to restore generalized toothwear in general practice.
Using a Multidimensional Model to Analyze Context and Enhance Personal Outcomes
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Luckasson Ruth , Schalock Robert L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article describes a multidimensional model of context that identifies, defines, and explains three key properties of context: multilevel, multifactorial, and interactive. The use of this model to drive a context-based enhancement cycle is also described. The enhancement cycle involves four steps: (a) identifying current interactions that influence personal goals and outcomes; (b) targeting the interaction that will have the highest impact on selected outcomes for the individual; (c) manipulating the contextual factors that will positively influence the interaction; and (d) evaluating the impact of the manipulated interaction on personal outcomes. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of using a multidimensional model of context to enhance personal outcomes.
Generalized equation for real-world image enhancement by Milano Retinex family
Authors: Lecca Michela 
Published: April 2020

Milano Retinexes are spatial color algorithms grounded on the Retinex theory and widely applied to enhance the visual content of real-world color images. In this framework, they process the color channels of the input image independently and re-scale channel by channel the intensity of each pixel

p

by the so-called local reference white, i.e., a strictly positive value, computed by reworking a set of features sampled around

p

. The neighborhood of

p

to be sampled, its sampling, the features to be processed, as well as the mathematical model for the computation of the local reference white vary from algorithm to algorithm, determining different levels of enhancement. Based on the analysis of a group of Milano Retinexes, this work proves that the Milano Retinex local reference whites can be expressed by a generalized equation whose parameters model specific aspects of the Milano Retinex spatial color processing. In particular, tuning these parameters leads to different Milano Retinex implementations. This study contributes to a better understanding of the similarities and differences among the members of the Milano Retinex family, and provides new taxonomic schemes of them based on their own mathematical properties.
Potencialidade do Uso de Dados Geofísicos Aerolevantados para Aplicações Geodésicas
Authors: Jesus Ruy Melgaço Lucas de , De Freitas Silvio Rogério Correia 
Published: April 2020

A nova realização da Rede Vertical de Referência do Brasil (RVRB), em 2018, visando sua modernização, incorporou dados gravimétricos sobre as linhas de nivelamento geométrico. Assim as coordenadas altimétricas são números geopotenciais, parte referida ao Datum Vertical de Imbituba (DVB-I), parte referida ao Datum Vertical de Santana (DVB-S). De forma complementar ao processo de modernização necessita-se a conexão física dos dois segmentos da rede e referenciá-los ao International Height Reference System (IHRS). Porém, a RVRB apresenta ainda limitações técnicas como: distribuição espacial heterogênea; existência de ramais inviabilizando seu ajustamento integral; e observações gravimétricas associadas às linhas de nivelamento insuficientes. Devido à dificuldade de acesso na área de conexão dos segmentos da RVRB, torna-se necessário buscar alternativas para a medição ou predição de valores da gravidade. Nesse contexto, a aerogravimetria, adequadamente realizada, permite a obtenção de dados gravimétricos compatíveis aos requisitos de precisão, resolução e distribuição espacial necessários à Geodesia. Desta forma, buscou-se verificar as potencialidades do uso geodésico de funcionais gravimétricas fornecidas por Levantamento Aerogeofísico realizado nos Estados do Amapá e Pará. Para tanto, através de uma metodologia específica utilizando: valores de gravidade observada na altura de voo; valores de altitudes provenientes de um Modelo Digital de Altitudes (MDA) e funcionais obtidas de um Modelo Global do Geopotencial (MGG). Novos valores foram calculados e comparados com os disponibilizados no banco de dados do levantamento contratado. Concluiu-se que as funcionais do aerolevantamento não são adequadas para aplicações geodésicas, ao passo que as funcionais calculadas com especificações geodésicas no presente trabalho superam estas deficiências.
OCENIANIE UCZNIÓW ZE SPECJALNYMI POTRZEBAMI EDUKACYJNYMI WE WŁĄCZAJĄCEJ EDUKACJI OBCOJĘZYCZNEJ W POLSCE
Authors: Jaworska Mariola 
Published: April 2020

For the last decade or so we have observed a visible increase in the interest of educational and scientific circles in Poland in actions to include children and teenagers with special educational needs in education in mainstream schools. Such children and teenagers require special support in the learning and teaching of foreign languages, well-considered selection of teaching methods and forms, and organisation of lessons, which takes account of the individual characteristics of the learners. Appropriate evaluation of their achievements is very important in working with such persons. The article presents assumptions relating to and possibilities of individualised evaluation of students with special educational needs from the perspective of inclusive foreign language education.
DAS POTENZIAL KOLLEGIALEN FEEDBACKS FÜR DIE FÖRDERUNG DER EVALUATIONSKOMPETENZ BEI ANGEHENDEN FREMDSPRACHENLEHRENDEN – ERGEBNISSE EINER STUDIE
Authors: Janicka Monika 
Published: April 2020

The article introduces formative assessment as one of the most powerful factors influencing students’ achievements and presents its significance for process-oriented learning and teaching. Due to its importance formative assessment should be an inherent part of the pre-service teacher training program. The aim of the present paper is to highlight the potential of peer-to-peer-feedback, as a part of formative assessment, for enhancing the assessment competence of pre-service teachers. The results of the study presented in the article suggest ways in which peer-to-peer feedback can be used to foster the assessment competence of prospective teachers.
Cultural differences in motivation for consumers’ online brand-related activities on Facebook
Authors: Kitirattarkarn Gauze Pitipon , Araujo Theo , Neijens Peter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Given the increased relevance of social networking sites (SNSs) for consumers around the globe, companies face the challenge of understanding motivations underlying consumers’ interactions with online brand-related content. Cross-cultural research on consumer motivations for online brand-related activities on SNSs, however, is limited. The present study explored, via in-depth interviews, reasons why Facebook users from individualistic (the Netherlands, the United States) and collectivistic (South Korea, Thailand) cultures engage with brand-related content. The findings provide in-depth insights, in particular, with regards to collectivistic consumers, to the varied interpretations of the motivations for COBRAs identified in previous literature. We also identified a new motivation specifically for collectivistic cultures: the desire to share an intention to purchase or try a product. Moreover, while collectivistic motivations were driven by the wish to express a sense of belonging to the social group, individualistic cultures appear to engage with brands mainly for obtaining advantages for themselves.
ASU Simulation in Separating Air Components by Refrigeration Distillation (Oxygen and Nitrogen) Using ASPEN HYSYS (Case Study: SIAD Company)
Authors: Alihosseini Afshar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrently, air separation units (ASUs) have become very important in various industries, particularly oil and petrochemical industries which provide feed and utility services (oxygen, nitrogen, etc.). In this study, a new industrial ASU was evaluated by collecting operational and process information needed by the simulator by means of HYSYS software (ASPEN-ONE). The results obtained from this simulator were analyzed by ASU data and its error rate was calculated. In this research, the simulation of ASU performance was done in the presence of an expansion turbine in order to provide pressure inside the air distillation tower. Likewise, the cooling capacity of the cooling compartment and the data were analysed. The results indicated that expansion turbine is costly effective. Notably, it not only reduces the energy needed to compress air and supply power of the equipment, but also provides more cooling power and reduces air temperature. Moreover, turbines also increase the concentration of lighter gas products, namely nitrogen.
Energy Conservation and CO2 Abatement Potential of a Gas-injection Blast Furnace
Authors: Qie Yana , Lyu Qing , Lan Chenchen , Zhang Shuhui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe gas-injection blast furnace (BF) is a new iron-making technology with an injecting gas instead of traditional pulverized coal injection (PCI) and recycling of the BF top gas through a gasifier. In contrast to traditional all-coke and PCI BFs, the coke rate will depend mostly on the heat consumption in a gas-injection BF with abundant injected gas, which results in a large coke-saving potential. Based on energy conservation, carbon recycling, CO2 abatement and fuel cost, the degree of direct reduction should be between 0.2 and 0.3. In addition, in terms of the effects of the gas injected and the rich oxygen rate in the tuyere region, the optimum injection parameters were obtained, which can reduce the coke rate to 273.36 kg/tHM, carbon recycling to 100.72 kg/tHM and abate carbon dioxide emissions by 94.00 Nm3/tHM. Theoretically, the minimum total carbon consumption value is 399.73 kg/tHM. These results illustrate the great potential for carbon recycling and coke saving in gas-injection BFs without increasing total carbon consumption.
Analytical Model Analysis of Reflection/Transmission Characteristics of Long-Period Fiber Bragg Grating (LPFBG) by Using Coupled Mode Theory
Authors: Amiri Iraj Sadegh , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Yupapin P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study presents an analytical model analysis of reflection/transmission characteristics of long-period fiber Bragg grating (LPFBG) by using coupled mode theory. Reflected signal power is deeply studied against grating length at the optimum operating signal wavelength of 1550 nm for the proposed and previous models. Reflectivity and transmission coefficient are also clarified versus operating wavelength for the previous model and proposed a model with a central wavelength of 1550 nm, Δn = 0.003 and optimum grating length of 30 mm. In the same way, the reflectivity and transmission coefficient are outlined against relative refractive grating difference step at the optimum wavelength of 1550 nm and optimum grating length of 30 mm. The optimum LPFBG can be achieved with the optimum grating length of 30 mm, operating wavelength of 1550 nm and relative refractive grating difference step of 0.3 %.
Distributed Feedback Laser (DFB) for Signal Power Amplitude Level Improvement in Long Spectral Band
Authors: Samanta Debabrata , Sivaram M. , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Boopathi C.S. , Amiri IS , Yupapin P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study outlines the distributed feedback laser for signal power amplitude level improvement in the long spectral band of 1550 nm wavelength within supporting pumped wavelength of 1480 nm. The bias and modulation peak currents based distributed feedback laser are varied in order to test the signal power level, peak signal amplitude variations after the fiber-optic channel and light detectors. The signal power level, peak signal amplitude is measured against spectral wavelength and time bit period variations. The study emphasis the signal power level, peak signal amplitude are enhanced for the best selection values of both a bias current at 45 mA and modulation peak current at 0.5 mA.
Structure and properties of particles/rubber composites applied on functionally graded lapping and polishing plate
Authors: Jin Mingsheng , Dong Xiaoxing , Zhu Dongjie , Yang Jian , Lu Congda , Zheng Qichao , Wang Liming , Wang Yangyu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To obtain uniform and controllable material removal on hard and brittle materials, a novel processing technology with functionally graded lapping and polishing plate (FG-LPP) was proposed. Taking application of particles/rubber composites and adjustable contact stress of workpiece as key point, the abrasive particles and rubber were mixed with different mass ratios; then the FG-LPP was formed with characteristics of required quasi-continuous distribution of Young’s modulus in the radial direction by two-step processing technique. The properties of Young’s modulus, loss factor, and glass transition temperature of different particles/rubber composites were tested and calculated. Through comparison and analysis, silicon carbide (SiC)/chloroprene rubber (CR) composites are the suitable application object of FG-LPP. Moreover, by laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction, the size distribution of abrasive particles, micromorphology of particles/rubber composites and their phase composition were tested respectively to better reveal the structure and properties. The test results indicate that under the action of ZnO and MgO, CR undergoes a vulcanization reaction gently and forms a spatial three-dimensional structure. Thus, it helps to increase the intermolecular distance and weaken the intermolecular forces because the NO is easy to enter the CR molecules, which improves the intermiscibility between SiC and CR.
Inflammation, iron and vitamin D metabolism in different cardiomyopathy aetiologies
Authors: Lanser Lukas , Nemati Nada , Seifert Markus , Fuchs Dietmar , Weiss Günter , Pölzl Gerhard , Kurz Katharina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Immune activation coincides with disturbances in iron and vitamin D metabolism in patients with cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated whether there are differences regarding immune activation, iron and vitamin D metabolism between the different cardiomyopathy aetiologies.

Patients and methods: Parameters of iron metabolism (haemoglobin, iron, transferrin, transferrin saturation, ferritin, hepcidin), vitamin D metabolism (Ct-FGF23, parathormone, phosphate, vitamin D) and immune activation (C-reactive protein and neopterin) were determined in 149 patients (98 men, 51 women) with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.

Results: Patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy presented with higher neopterin, ferritin and hepcidin levels than other cardiomyopathy aetiologies. Furthermore, they showed the highest rate of cardiovascular events. C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Patients with virus positive cardiomyopathy presented with significantly higher ferritin and Ct-FGF23 levels compared to patients with virus negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy.

Conclusion: This study indicates that there are some differences regarding the extent of immune activation and inflammation as well as alterations in iron metabolism disorders between different cardiomyopathy aetiologies. Further studies with larger patient cohorts are needed to investigate these findings more precisely.