bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionized gas in the NGC 5253 supernebula: high spatial and spectral resolution observations with the JVLA and TEXES
Authors: Beck Sara C , Lacy John , Turner Jean , Baobab Liu Hauyu , Greathouse Thomas , Consiglio S M , Ho Paul T P 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The youngest, closest, and most compact embedded massive star cluster known excites the supernebula in the nearby dwarf galaxy NGC 5253. It is a crucial target and test case for studying the birth and evolution of the most massive star clusters. We present observations of the ionized gas in this source with high spatial and spectral resolution. The data include continuum images of free–free emission with ≈0.15 arcsec resolution made with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) at 15, 22, and 33 GHz, and a full data cube of the [S iv] 10.5 μm fine-structure emission line with ≈4.5 km s−1 velocity resolution and 0.3 arcsec beam, obtained with the Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES) on Gemini North. We find that (1) the ionized gas extends out from the cluster in arms or jets, and (2) the ionized gas comprises two components offset both spatially and in velocity. We discuss mechanisms that may have created the observed velocity field; possibilities include large-scale jets or a subcluster falling on to the main source.
Exploding the Realism-Antirealism Debate: Putnam contra Putnam
Authors: Macarthur David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Putnam is famous (or infamous) for often changing his allegiance between various forms of realism and antirealism. In this paper I want to use Putnam’s own reflections and insights on the realism-antirealism issue to provide a powerful case for skepticism about the entire debate—in spite of the fact that that is not Putnam’s own ultimate attitude. From this skeptical perspective, I shall argue that Putnam has helped us see that the realism-antirealism debate faces a dilemma: either it resolves into existence questions about particular items that are resolvable by, say, scientific or mathematical or ethical etc. practices rather than by appeal to philosophical argument; or it represents a misguided response to skepticism about an entire class or realm of items (e.g., the unobservable items posited by physics, or the manifest world of tables and chairs) given that it hopelessly attempts to answer skepticism on the skeptic’s own terms. What Putnam tends to overlook in his realist moments is that we can philosophically undermine skepticism without being committed to any philosophically substantial realism or antirealism.
The initial impact of COVID-19 and policy responses on household incomes
Authors: Brewer Mike , Gardiner Laura 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As soon as the scale of the coronavirus shock to the economy became clear, the UK government introduced three policies to protect directly household incomes: a Job Retention Scheme, to pay the wages of employees who were temporarily furloughed; a Self-Employment Income Support Scheme, to give grants to established self-employed people whose businesses had been affected; and a package of increases to entitlements to social security benefits, with Universal Credit at the core, that bolstered the UK’s means-tested ‘safety net’. This paper analyses the design and beneficiaries of these policies and, given the distributional pattern of the labour market shock, considers the emerging overall impact on living standards, particularly of low-income households.
Blurred and Confused: The Paradox of Police in Schools
Authors: Montes Andrea N , Mears Daniel P , Collier Nicole L , Pesta George B , Siennick Sonja E , Brown Samantha J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The get-tough era in juvenile justice ushered in significant changes to how schools respond to delinquency. One of the most visible changes has been the increasing presence of police officers who work in and patrol schools. The purpose of this article is to argue that this practice has blurred the boundaries between schools and police and, in turn, has created confusion about the roles of educators in safety efforts and of officers in education efforts, respectively. We draw on prior literature about school safety, school discipline, and law enforcement officers in school environments to describe this confusion and its consequences. This article contributes to literature aimed at understanding the changing landscape of policing and school safety and the challenges as well as opportunities facing the police and schools in educating youth, responding to misbehaviour, and maintaining safe school environments.
EFFECT OF BUILDUP FACTORS ON INDOOR GAMMA DOSE RATE
Authors: Manić V , Manić G , Nikezić D , Krstić D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The effect of buildup factors on absorbed dose rate in air and the effective dose from gamma rays of primordial radionuclides in building materials, was investigated in the article. Specific absorbed dose rates were calculated for the standard concrete room, as well as, for rooms where brick and covering building materials were used. For all room models the Harima (G-P) buildup factors were applied, while for the standard room the Berger’s and Taylor’s buildup factors were used, too. The contribution of the radiation buildup to absorbed dose rate and effective dose was determined as large as 41%.
Prejudice drives exogenous attention to outgroups
Authors: Giménez-Fernández Tamara , Kessel Dominique , Fernández-Folgueiras Uxía , Fondevila Sabela , Méndez-Bértolo Constantino , Aceves Nayamin , García-Rubio María José , Carretié Luis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Exogenous attention allows the automatic detection of relevant stimuli and the reorientation of our current focus of attention towards them. Faces from an ethnic outgroup tend to capture exogenous attention to a greater extent than faces from an ethnic ingroup. We explored whether prejudice toward the outgroup, rather than lack of familiarity, is driving this effect. Participants (N = 76) performed a digit categorization task while distractor faces were presented. Faces belonged to (i) a prejudiced outgroup, (ii) a non-prejudiced outgroup and (iii) their ingroup. Half of the faces were previously habituated in order to increase their familiarity. Reaction times, accuracy and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to index exogenous attention to distractor faces. Additionally, different indexes of explicit and implicit prejudice were measured, the latter being significantly greater towards prejudiced outgroup. N170 amplitude was greater to prejudiced outgroup—regardless of their habituation status—than to both non-prejudiced outgroup and ingroup faces and was associated with implicit prejudice measures. No effects were observed at the behavioral level. Our results show that implicit prejudice, rather than familiarity, is under the observed attention-related N170 effects and that this ERP component may be more sensitive to prejudice than behavioral measures under certain circumstances.
Effects of 27 mo of rotational vs. continuous grazing on horse and pasture condition
Authors: Williams Carey A , Kenny Laura B , Weinert Jennifer R , Sullivan Kevin , Meyer William , Robson Mark G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether rotational grazing generates horse, pasture, or cost benefits over continuous grazing. The study established two replicates (1.57 ha each) of rotational (R; four grazing sections and a stress lot per replicate, where horses were fed a moderate quality grass hay at 2% of body weight when not grazing) and continuous (C) grazing systems (treatments). Twelve Standardbred mares were grazed for an overall stocking rate of 0.52 ha/horse (n = 3 in each pasture). Recommended management practices for each grazing system were followed for 27 mo including three grazing seasons. Samples were collected monthly between 0800 and 1000. Results were analyzed in SAS (V9.4) using mixed model repeated-measures analysis of covariance, chi-square tests of association, and two-sample t-tests. Alpha level was set at P &lt; 0.05. The C horses were maintained on pasture for 100% of the study duration (844 d; August 1, 2014 to November 22, 2016), while R horses had access to pasture for approximately half of this time (408 ± 33 d). The average length of grazing bout per rotational grazing section during the grazing season increased numerically each year from 7.88 ± 0.76 d in 2014, 10.0 ± 0.61 d in 2015, and 10.9 ± 0.80 d in 2016. Average horse body condition score (BCS) and body fat differed by treatment, with C horses (BCS 6.3 ± 0.05, 17.9 ± 0.15% body fat) greater than R horses (BCS 5.9 ± 0.05, 16.8 ± 0.15% body fat). Both sward height and herbage mass were greater in R (11.8 ± 0.1 cm tall; 1,513 ± 41 kg/ha) than C pastures (6.9 ± 0.1 cm tall; 781 ± 35 kg/ha). The R pastures had higher proportions of vegetative and total cover, planted grasses (tall fescue and orchardgrass), and weeds but lower proportions of grass weeds (nonplanted grasses) and other (rocks, litter, bare ground, etc.) as compared with C pastures. Digestible energy, acid detergent fiber, and calcium were higher in R vs. C pastures; however, crude protein was lower in R vs. C pastures. There were no significant differences between treatments for average monthly amount of hay fed (C, 597 ± 34.1 vs. R, 659 ± 34.1 kg) or average monthly pasture maintenance cost (C, $17.55 ± 3.14 vs. R, $20.50 ± 3.14). This study is one of few replicated experiments comparing the effects of rotational and continuous grazing for horses on pasture quality, horse condition, and production costs. The results here support the recommendation of rotational grazing for production, environmental, and ecological purposes.
β-Blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with sublingual immunotherapy: are risks related to individual product safety profile?
Authors: Smith Derek M. , Coop Christopher A. , Freeman Theodore M. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of review
The objective of this article is to review the available literature regarding the risks associated with sublingual immunotherapy and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or β-blocker use. It also evaluates for any differences in these risks among the available sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) tablets.

Recent findings
A literature search was conducted in PubMed to identify peer-reviewed articles using the following keywords: anaphylaxis, ACE inhibitor, β-blocker, and sublingual immunotherapy. Minimal data exist regarding their safety of SLIT in patients concomitantly taking ACE inhibitors or β-blockers. The adverse reaction rates seem similar between SLIT products.

Summary
A risk-versus-benefit discussion should be communicated with the patient taking a β-blocker before beginning SLIT but automatic denial of SLIT to these patients is not warranted.
Wandering by Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Impact of Electronic Tracking Devices on Elopement Behavior and Quality of Life
Authors: McLaughlin Laura , Rapoport Eli , Keim Sarah A. , Adesman Andrew 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Half of US children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have attempted to elope from adult supervision at least once, elevating their risk for serious injury/death. This study aimed to assess, in a sample of children with ASD aged 4 to 18 years who had previously wandered, whether electronic tracking device (ETD) use is associated with changes in the elopement behavior and household quality of life (QOL).

Methods:
An anonymous, online questionnaire assessing elopement interventions, elopement behavior, household QOL, attitudes toward ETDs, and sociodemographics was distributed via US autism-related organizations to caregivers of children with ASD. Differences in retrospective estimates of elopement behavior and household QOL before ETD use and during ETD use were evaluated using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

Results:
A total of 2563 participants completed the questionnaire; 1459 participants met the inclusion criteria. For the current (n = 361) and past (n = 96) ETD users, ETD use was associated with decreased frequency and duration of elopement and decreased risk for serious injury because of elopement (all p < 0.001). ETD use was similarly associated with improvements across all 5 measures of QOL. Among the past ETD users, reasons for discontinuation included device discomfort/fit (33.3%), burden of use (27.1%), and financial cost (14.6%). Among the non-ETD users (n = 1002), common barriers to ETD use were cost (47.5%) and lack of awareness of ETD technology (18.8%).

Conclusion:
Electronic tracking devices represent a promising technology to help safeguard the well-being of children with ASD while reducing the emotional toll that elopement imposes on families. Cost concerns, burden of use, and lack of awareness seem to limit the widespread adoption of ETDs.
Exposure to Parental Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Analysis on the Association with Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms and Adjustment Problems
Authors: Donado Carolina , Friedrich Yvonne , Kossowsky Joe , Locher Cosima , Koechlin Helen 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Parental depressive symptoms have been associated with depressive symptoms and adjustment problems in adolescents. However, longitudinal studies assessing both mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms over time and their association with adolescents' outcomes are sparse.

Methods:
Data were obtained from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. A total of 1364 children and families were followed from the child's birth until the age of 15 years. Adolescents' depressive symptoms were evaluated via self-reported questionnaire at ages 11 to 15 years. Adjustment problems at 15 years of age were defined as high internalizing and/or externalizing problems. Parental depressive symptoms were assessed several times during the study period. Trajectories created using partitional clustering analyses were entered in logistic regression models to predict adolescents' outcomes.

Results:
After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, adolescents' outcomes were associated with every additional time point of reported maternal (depressive symptoms: odds ratio [OR] = 1.2, p = 0.001; adjustment problems: OR = 1.1, p = 0.003) and paternal depressive symptoms (adjustment problems: OR = 1.2, p = 0.027). When maternal and paternal depressive symptom trajectories were combined, we found adolescents' depressive symptoms to be significantly associated with mother elevated and stable subclinical father scores (OR = 3.3, p = 0.003) and girls (OR = 5.4, p < 0.001). Adjustment problems were associated with father elevated and stable subclinical mother (OR = 1.9, p = 0.003) and mother elevated and stable subclinical father (OR = 2.1, p = 0.001) trajectories.

Conclusion:
Parental depressive symptoms are an important risk factor for adolescents' outcomes. This highlights the importance of continuously evaluating parents' mental status across child development. The cumulative effect of recurrent depressive symptoms and the combined parental trajectories are especially predictive for the development of adolescents' outcomes.
Atypical polypoid adenomyoma follow-up and management
Authors: Biasioli Anna , Londero Ambrogio P. , Orsaria Maria , Scrimin Federica , Mangino Francesco Paolo , Bertozzi Serena , Mariuzzi Laura , Cagnacci Angelo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
Atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA) is a rare uterine tumor typically found in fertile age and associated with infertility. Among young nullipara women, conservative treatment is proposed despite the high recurrence rate and the association with endometrial cancer.
Our aim was to assess the risk of recurrence with different conservative treatments in fertile ages and the prevalence of malignant or pre-malignant associated lesions to better address an adequate patient counselling when treatment modalities are discussed.

Methods:
This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports and case series about APA management and follow-up. A literature search was carried from Medline and Scopus for studies published from January 1, 1980 to December 31, 2018.

Results:
We included 46 observational studies and 296 cases in fertile women. The prevalence of APA relapse was 44% (CI.95 33–57%) and was lower in cases treated with operative hysteroscopy (22%; CI.95 11–39%) than in cases treated with blind curettage and polypectomy (38%; CI.95 15–67%). The prevalence of the concomitant or during the follow-up diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma was 16% (CI.95 9–29%). The risk of cancer development during follow-up was significantly less in cases treated with histeroscopy (10.56% new cumulative diagnosis at 5 years follow up; CI.95 0–23.7%) than blind curettage and polypectomy (35.5% new cumulative diagnosis at 5 years; CI.95 11.65–52.92%; P < .05). Medical treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate after surgery does not reduce APA recurrence. Pregnancy was observed in 79% cases in which the desire was expressed.

Conclusion:
This review suggests that conservative treatment performed by operative hysteroscopy is the optimal choice because it lowers the risk of recurrence, improves the accuracy of concomitant carcinoma or hyperplasia diagnosis, and leaves the possibility of future pregnancies.
Efficacy of measuring the invasive diameter of lung adenocarcinoma using mediastinal window settings
Authors: Uchida Tsuyoshi , Matsubara Hirochika , Onuki Yuichiro , Matsuoka Hiroyasu , Ichihara Tomofumi , Nakajima Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The recently published 8th edition of the tumor node and metastasis Classification of Lung Cancer proposes using the maximum dimension of the solid component of a ground glass nodule (GGN) for the T categorization. However, few studies have investigated the collection of this information when using mediastinal window settings. In this study, we evaluated tumor measurement data obtained from computed tomography (CT) scans when using mediastinal window settings.
This study included 202 selected patients with persistent, partly solid GGNs detected on thin-slice CT after surgical treatment between 2004 and 2013. We compared the differences in tumor diameters measured by 2 different radiologists using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. We divided the patients into 2 groups based on the clinical T stage (T1a+T1b vs T1c) and estimated the probability of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) using Kaplan–Meier curves.
The study included 94 male and 108 female patients. The inter-reviewer differences between tumor diameters were significantly smaller when the consolidation to maximum tumor diameter ratio was ≤0.5. The 2 clinical groups classified by clinical T stage differed significantly with respect to DFS when using the mediastinal window settings. However, no significant differences in OS or DFS were observed when using the lung window setting.
Our study yielded 2 major findings. First, the diameters of GGNs could be measured more accurately using the mediastinal window setting. Second, measurements obtained using the mediastinal window setting more clearly depicted the effect of clinical T stage on DFS.
Efficacy of Shenmai injection for the treatment of chronic heart failure
Authors: Gao Peng , Wu Xian , Zhang Fu-hua , Qiao Zhi-li , Yang Li-jie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
This study will assess the efficacy and safety of Shenmai injection (SMI) for the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods:
The following electronic bibliographic databases will be searched from inception to the March 25, 2020 without language and publication time limitations: MEDLINE, PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, WANGFANG, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. All randomized controlled trials related to the SMI for patients with CHF will be included. All study selection, data extraction, and study quality will be carried out by 2 reviewers. Any disagreements will be solved by a third reviewer through discussion. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for data synthesis and data analysis.

Results:
This study will summarize the present evidence of SMI for the treatment of patients with CHF.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study will determine whether SMI is effective and safety for the treatment of CHF or not.

Study registration number:
INPLASY202050029.
Activity of regorafenib in advanced pretreated soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Marrari Andrea , Bertuzzi Alexia , Bozzarelli Silvia , Gennaro Nicolò , Giordano Laura , Quagliuolo Vittorio , De Sanctis Rita , Sala Simona , Balzarini Luca , Santoro Armando 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
Regorafenib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, proved to be active in patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS).

Methods:
We conducted an open-label, non-randomized, single-center phase II study in advanced pretreated STS patients. Patients received regorafenib 160 mg daily on days 1 enrule 21 of a 28-day cycle. The primary endpoint was the progression-free survival (PFS) at 8 weeks. Toxicity was registered.

Results:
Between April 2015 and November 2016, 21 patients were enrolled in the trial. A total of 13 out of 21 evaluable patients (61.9%) were progression-free at 8 weeks. Median PFS was 3.8 months (95% CI: 2.1–9.4). Median overall survival was 14.8 months (95% CI: 7.7–27.8). In the intention-to-treat population, we reported a PFS of 66.7% at 3 months (95% CI: 40.4–83.4) and 16.7% at 12 months (95% CI: 4.1–36.5). As per the RECIST criteria, the response rate was 4.7% (1 partial response out of 21 evaluable patients) with a clinical benefit rate of 61.9%; no complete response was observed. Treatment was well tolerated.

Conclusion:
Regorafenib shows signs of clinical activity in patients with advanced STS.

Clinical Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02307500.