bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain network construction and analysis for patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease based on a highly‐available nodes approach
Authors: Zhang Xiaopan , Liu Junhong , Chen Yuan , Jin Yanan , Cheng Jingliang ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionUsing brain network and graph theory methods to analyze the Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) abnormal brain function is more and more popular. Plenty of potential methods have been proposed, but the representative signal of each brain region in these methods remains poor performance.MethodsWe propose a highly‐available nodes approach for constructing brain network of patients with MCI and AD. With resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) data of 84 AD subjects, 81 MCI subjects, and 82 normal control (NC) subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Database, we construct connected weighted brain networks based on the different sparsity and minimum spanning tree. Support Vector Machine of Radial Basis Function kernel was selected as classifier.ResultsAccuracies of 74.09% and 77.58% in classification of MCI and AD from NC, respectively. We also performed a hub node analysis and found 18 significant brain regions were identified as hub nodes.ConclusionsThe findings of this study provide insights for helping understanding the progress of the AD. The proposed method highlights the effectively representative time series of brain regions of rs‐fMRI data for construction and topology analysis brain network.
Poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) as a Gel Additive to Improve the Performance of Sulfur Cathodes in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Qi , Yu Yu , Huang Wenlong , Liu Yuansheng , Liu Xu , Liu Huitian , Shan Zhongqiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDissolution and free diffusion of polysulfides in ether‐based electrolyte during cycling causes fast capacity decay and low columbic efficiency in lithium‐sulfur batteries. In this work, poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEtOx), as an additive of sulfur cathodes, can gelatinate the electrolyte in the presence of polysulfide species, which can anchor the uncontrollable diffusion of polysulfides during the discharge process. Additionally, pore structures can form in the sulfur cathode after the dissolution of PEtOx into the electrolyte. As a result, the sulfur converted from polysulfides during subsequent charging processes will deposit more uniformly in the porous cathode. This “dissolution‐redeposition” mechanism effectively reduces the loss of active materials, providing beneficial guidance for practical Li−S batteries.
Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysis: It Takes Two to Make a Thing Go Right
Authors: Tan Xinyue , Wang Huadong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince the introduction of the concept of frustrated Lewis pair by Stephan in 2006, the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry has evolved into a rich and fruitful research area which is largely responsible for the renaissance of main group chemistry in recent years. Among many applications of FLP, design of catalytic systems based on the concept of FLP, pioneered by Stephan, Chen and others, provides a powerful arsenal that has been applied to organic synthesis and polymerization. This article will highlight key advances in the development of FLP related catalysis.
An attention‐based deep learning model for traffic flow prediction using spatiotemporal features towards sustainable smart city
Authors: Vijayalakshmi Balachandran , Ramar Kadarkarayandi , Jhanjhi NZ. , Verma Sahil , Kaliappan Madasamy , Vijayalakshmi Kandasamy , Vimal Shanmuganathan , Kavita  , Ghosh Uttam 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIn the development of smart cities, the intelligent transportation system (ITS) plays a major role. The dynamic and chaotic nature of the traffic information makes the accurate forecasting of traffic flow as a challengeable one in ITS. The volume of traffic data increases dramatically. We enter the epoch of big data. Hence, a 1deep architecture is necessary to process, analyze, and inference such a large volume of data. To develop a better traffic flow forecasting model, we proposed an attention‐based convolution neural network long short‐term memory (CNN‐LSTM), a multistep prediction model. The proposed scheme uses the spatial and time‐based details of the traffic data, which are extracted using CNN and LSTM networks to improve the model accuracy. The attention‐based model helps to identify the near term traffic details such as speed that is very important for predicting the future value of flow. The results show that our attention‐based CNN‐LSTM prediction model provides better accuracy in terms of prediction during weekdays and weekend days in the case of peak and nonpeak hours also. We used data from the largest traffic data set the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) for our prediction work.
Modified spider monkey optimization—An enhanced optimization of spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Dinesh G. , Venkatakrishnan P. , Jeyanthi K. Meena Alias 
Published: January 2021

SummaryAt present, the demand for wireless communications is growing tremendously. Cognitive radio network plays an important role in making the spectrum to be used effectively. Uncertainty in channels and interference were generally occurs that reduced the system efficiency. To overcome the load usage problem, the proposed system of spectrum sensing and scheduling algorithms is introduced, where the available spectrums are sensed or detected and scheduled to load the free spectrum. Spectrum sensing is a cognitive radio basic function to thwart the harmful interference with licensed users and detect the available spectrum for enhancing the spectrum's utilization. In the proposed technique, initially, the spectrum sharing and sensing method is put forward to raise the throughput and quality of service necessity. At this time, spectrum sharing in common with scheduling process is presented, where the available spectrum, the load is scheduled and sensed to free the spectrum. Here, the modified spider monkey optimization (MSMO) technique is used for spectrum sensing and detecting free spectrums, thereby enhancing the energy efficiency of the available spectrum. This technique will found the optimal solution and increases the expectation of some decisions. Modified round robin algorithm is used for scheduling load. In this algorithm, every packet flow has its packet queue presented in the network interface controller. The performance analysis is finally measured using metrics such as throughput, handoff, success probability, and false alarm probability.
Decoding and measurement of frequency‐hopping spread spectrum signals using an adaptive algorithm‐based compressive sensing
Authors: Ghanem Sameh 
Published: January 2021

SummaryDecoding of frequency‐hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) methods to intercept the symbol content in signals and brilliant measurement is presented in this paper. The switching of the frequency channels rapidly using a pseudorandom code makes interception of FHSS signals very difficult. Therefore, a proposed adaptive compressive measurement for decoding the frequency‐hopping receivers that have no prior knowledge of the hopping sequence is the main focus of this work. The proposed methods rely on the instantaneous sparsity of the spectra of FHSS signals, and the transmitted symbols can be recovered from the proposed compressive measurements. Furthermore, the contribution of this work is the design of a proposed adaptive method that is used to design measurement kernels for compressive measurement and decoding based on knowledge enhancement, which includes both prior information enhanced and adaptive methods based on the properties of the intersignals. Simulation results on Gaussian frequency‐shift keying (GFSK) FHSS signals illustrate that the proposed compressive method enhances the detection performance of the received frequencies with acceptable decoding accuracy compared with other techniques such as enhanced orthogonal matching pursuit (EOMP) and an adaptive sampling kernels method with a random compressive ratio. Also, an enhancement of the proposed algorithm is achieved due to enhancement in both the normalized mean square error (NMSE) and the probability of correction error (Pce). The comparison between these algorithms is performed using simulation based on MATLAB and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Optimization for connectivity and coverage issue in target‐based wireless sensor networks using an effective multiobjective hybrid tunicate and salp swarm optimizer
Authors: Chelliah Jehan , Kader Navaz 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe two main important issues in designing target‐based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are coverage and connectivity maximization. In order to tackle the coverage and connectivity problems, we have proposed a hybrid optimization‐based model. Thereby, the target‐based WSNs can include the sensor nodes which are placed based on determining minimum number of selected potential positions. To do that, an optimization approach based on a hybrid tunicate swarm optimizer (TSO) and salp swarm optimizer (SSO) is proposed for coverage and connectivity problems in WSNs. Feature exploitation ability of SSO is improved by TSO operators, because these operators can act as local search operators. Basically, these hybrid algorithm operators are used to derive the fitness function followed with the solution representation step. Initially, the population is generated, and the hybrid tunicate swarm optimizer and salp swarm optimizer (HTSS) algorithm has updated the solutions in the next subsequent step. Ultimately, the nondominated solutions are determined in the final step. The two different scenarios of WSN are used for simulation of this scheme. Simulations have shown its outstanding performance in solving the coverage and connectivity problems in wireless networks.
Efficient pilot reuse algorithms for massive MIMO cellular system
Authors: Dey Abhinaba , Pattanayak Prabina , Gurjar Devendra Singh , Kumar Preetam 
Published: January 2021

SummaryPilot contamination has come up as one of the major limitations of massive multiple‐input multiple‐output. In the recent past, the pilot contamination resulted by the pilot reuse in inter‐cell system has been successfully handled. In this paper, three efficient algorithms have been proposed to reduce the pilot contamination in intra‐cell system. These schemes emphasize on assigning the available pilots to the users based upon their channel qualities by considering the interfering degree of the various pilot sequences. The first proposed algorithm is based on water filling approach, which attains the system throughput very close to that of brute‐force exhaustive search algorithm (ESA) and performs the best among the three proposed algorithms in terms of system throughput. The second algorithm is designed for achieving better user fairness (by assigning less interfering pilots to the poor channel conditioned users). The third algorithm improves the system throughput as compared to the second algorithm without losing much in terms of user fairness. Furthermore, the computational complexity incurred by all the proposed algorithms is much less than that of ESA.
Mobile agent‐based service migration in mobile edge computing
Authors: Guo Yongan , Jiang Chunlei , Wu Tin‐Yu , Wang Anzhi 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIn order to improve the efficiency of service migration in mobile edge computing (MEC), and obtain higher quality of service and better user experience, we take mobile agent technology, instead of container, as the application component hosting technology. The advantages of mobile agent include small size, high flexibility, autonomy, and suitability for heterogeneous environments. For 5G communications, how to offer cross‐platform support and deal with frequent roaming of mobile nodes is our main concern. Therefore, this paper provides a service migration framework using mobile agent in MEC environment and performance evaluation. Experiments with tasks of different complexity show that in terms of efficiency of service migration, mobile agent technology obviously outperforms container technology. The main contributions of this paper include the following: (1) we solve the problem that too many auxiliary modules were used in the container architecture, (2) we use the agent container and the resource manager (RM) for performance evaluations to investigate the differences between mobile agent and container technology, and (3) we use the decision tree to confirm the execution cost of each node so as to analyze why the mobile agent responds to migration commands slowly.
Stability of phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 in authentic and spiked whole blood
Authors: Dumitrascu Catalina , van de Lavoir Maria C.A. , Neels Hugo , Covaci Adrian , Jacobs Werner , D'Hondt Diona , van Nuijs Alexander L.N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 (PEth) is the most abundant homologue of the phosphatidylethanol group of phospholipids. Formed only in the presence of ethanol, PEth is used as a biomarker in whole blood to provide information about the consumption of alcohol. As information on the storage life of PEth is essential for its beneficial use as a biomarker, this study investigated the stability of PEth in spiked and authentic whole blood samples stored at 4°C. Human whole blood samples (n = 23) and spiked whole blood samples (n = 7) with a concentration range between 5 and 2000 ng/ml were analysed at specific time intervals, up to 90 days. Differences were evident between the stability of authentic and spiked samples. PEth was stable at 4°C for 60 days (concentrations within 15% of initial concentration) in authentic samples, whereas spiked samples were stable for up to 30 days. This study emphasizes the importance of including authentic samples in stability experiments.
Temperature‐Induced Reversible Phase Transition with Switchable Dielectric Response in a A2BX4‐Type Hybrid Compound: [TEAMA]2[CdBr4] (TEAMA=(CH3CH2)3NCH3)
Authors: Wang Qin‐Wen , Gong Zhi‐Xin , Ye Le , Ma Jia‐Jun , Xu Qi , Li Jian‐Rong , Ye Heng‐Yun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLow‐symmetric quasi‐spherical cations have been widely used in halogenometallate hybrids to increase the incidence of stimulus‐responsive crystal structures. In this paper, we successfully used triethylmethylammonium bromide and cadmium bromide for self‐assembly to obtain a A2BX4‐type hybrid compound [TEAMA]2[CdBr4] (TEAMA=(CH3CH2)3NCH3, 1) showing phase transition temperature (Tc) of 333 K above room temperature. Various‐temperature structures of 1 have been measured by X‐ray diffraction. We conclude, the phase transition property of 1 induced by thermal stimulation stems from the thermal ellipsoids of the [TEAMA]+ become strikingly larger with the increase of the temperature. The dynamics of the dipoles is the key to construct hybrid molecule‐based switchable dielectrics by motional changes of polar components at different phases. Furthermore, the dielectric properties have also been mentioned and discussed in great detail.
MesPX2/IsPX2 as Precursors for the Preparation of Phosphasilenes
Authors: Liu Yashuai , Keil Helena , Zhong Mingdong , Li Jiancheng , Yang Zhi , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar , Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe one‐pot reaction of L1SiCl (L1=PhC(NtBu)2) with MesPX2/IsPX2 (X=Cl, Br; Is=2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2, Mes=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2) in the presence of KC8 yielded two phosphasilene compounds L1Si(Cl)=PIs (1) and L1Si(Cl)=PMes (2) with interesting Cl−Si=P characteristics. The introduction of Cl−Si=P moiety improved the reactivity of phosphasilene. Furthermore, phosphasilenes 1 and 2 with LSi as well as Si=P building units are sensitive to moisture with distinct differences. The hydrolysis of 2 resulted in two products [L1(PHMes)Si]2(μ‐O)2 (3) and L1Cl (4), respectively, due to the amount of water, while the hydrolysis of 1 afforded L1Cl (4). In addition to the silylene L1SiCl, different types of aluminum compounds were studied to react with IsPX2/MesPX2 in the presence of KC8 in THF at low temperature. However, we failed to isolate the desired compounds due to the formation of numerous by‐products.
Nasopharyngeal swab‐induced pain for SARS‐CoV‐2 screening: A randomised controlled trial of conventional and self‐swabbing
Authors: Moisset Xavier , Gautier Nicolas , Godet Thomas , Parabère Solène , Pereira Bruno , Meunier Estelle , Gerbaud Laurent , Lesens Olivier , Henquell Cécile , Beytout Jean , Clavelou Pierre 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundMassive screening campaigns for SARS‐CoV‐2 are currently carried out throughout the world, relying on reverse‐transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) following nasopharyngeal swabbing performed by a healthcare professional. Yet, due to the apprehension of pain induced by nasopharyngeal probing, poor adhesion to those screening campaigns can be observed. To enhance voluntary participation and to avoid unnecessary exposition to SARS‐CoV‐2, self‐swabbing could be proposed. To date, no data have been published concerning pain induced by conventional‐ or self‐swabbing. Thus, the primary objective of the present study was to evaluate pain induced with the conventional swabbing method and compare it to self‐swabbing. Secondary objectives focused on swabbing‐induced discomfort and acceptability of the two methods.MethodsThe study was conducted in Clermont‐Ferrand medical school (France). Overall, 190 students were randomised into two groups and experienced either self‐ or conventional‐swabbing. Each subject had to rate pain, discomfort and acceptability of such swabbing on a 0–10 numeric rating scale.ResultsNo significant difference was found between the two methods. The mean pain level was 2.5 ± 1.9, 28% rating pain as ≥4/10. Discomfort was 4.8 ± 2.2, 66% indicating significant (≥4/10) discomfort. Higher pain and discomfort were associated with female sex. Acceptability was ≥8/10 for 89.0% of the subjects and all would have accepted to undergo a new test with the same technique if necessary.ConclusionBoth conventional and self‐swabbing induce low levels of pain for most young healthy volunteers whereas discomfort is very frequent. Nonetheless, both methods are indifferently well‐accepted in medical students. Future studies amongst symptomatic subjects are awaited.SignificanceUsing the thinnest available swabs, procedural pain induced by nasopharyngeal swabbing for SARS‐CoV‐2 screening is very low for most subjects and should not limit voluntary participation in screening campaigns. Self‐swabbing does not lead to more pain or discomfort compared to conventional swabbing, is well‐accepted, and could be proposed to optimize screening campaigns, at least in healthcare professionals.
Imagining democratic societies of the future: Insights from a foresight study
Authors: Vesnic‐Alujevic Lucia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the future government models and emerging societal challenges in the relationship between citizens and governments. By assessing various factors and their convergence, among which the uptake of participatory governance on the one hand, and the governance of digital technologies and media on the other, four scenarios have been created: DIY Democracy, Private Algocracy, Super Collaborative Government, and Over Regulatocracy. These scenarios, emerged from participatory workshops and based on civic imagination, are used as tools for reflection. They were further employed in conversations with stakeholders to explore new possibilities and challenge preconceived ideas about governments today, as well as assess the redistribution of power relations between societal actors and political institutions as we move toward 2030. The paper concludes by discussing the benefits of civic imagination for thinking about the futures of our democratic societies and the need for broader perspectives and a combination of theoretical and methodological approaches for setting the future policy and research agendas.
The evolution law of functional groups during the heating of coal in oxygen and oxygen‐free atmospheres
Authors: Liu Qian , Lin Baiquan , Zhou Yan , Zheng Yuannan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is a change in both the quantity and type of functional groups due to the fact that they become oxidized and pyrolyzed during the spontaneous coal combustion process. In order to study the oxidation and pyrolysis mechanisms that are at play during the evolution of these functional groups, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to test the real‐time evolution of these functional groups in both air and argon atmospheres. The differences found between functional groups when under an oxygen oxygen‐free environment were analyzed. The results show that when the temperature exceeds 200 °C, the changes in functional groups steadily increase and that regardless of whether the atmosphere is made up of argon or air, the oxygen‐containing functional groups change significantly. In this situation, −OH, −CH3, and −CH2‐ are important reactants in the whole heating process; −COOH and −C=O are reactants during the low temperature oxidation stage, but when reaching the high temperature stage, they become the products; C‐O‐C and C=C is a stable reaction product. During the coal spontaneous combustion process, oxidation and pyrolysis work as two coupling reactions: The heat released by the oxidation reaction pyrolyzes the macromolecular structure and coal‐oxygen complexes, while a large number of active groups are produced during pyrolysis, which then provides the reactants for the oxidation reaction. These results reveal the changes that functional groups go through during the process of oxidation and pyrolysis, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of efficient fire‐fighting materials. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquidity risk and expected cryptocurrency returns
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Yi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper examines how liquidity risk is priced in the cross‐section of cryptocurrency returns. In doing so, we use the Amihud measure as a liquidity proxy. By employing the univariate portfolio analysis, the bivariate portfolio analysis, and the Fama‐MacBeth regression analysis, we document a negative relationship between liquidity and cryptocurrency returns. Additional tests demonstrate that this finding is robust to alternative liquidity measurement as well as size screens and show no evidence of a significant intertemporal relationship between liquidity and expected returns for three leading cryptocurrencies. Our conclusions add to the understanding of how markets price cryptocurrencies.
Front Cover
Authors: Gómez‐Varela Ana I. , Gaspar Ricardo , Miranda Adelaide , Assis Juliane L. , Valverde Rafael H.F. , Einicker‐Lamas Marcelo , Silva Bruno F. B. , De Beule Pieter A.A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe dynamics of two different fluorescent dyes labelling DNA and cationic liposomes is monitored through Fluorescence Cross‐Correlation Spectroscopy (FCCS). Measuring the extent of correlation between the flickering of the two dyes as they diffuse in and out of overlapping confocal volumes, the association of DNA and liposomes to form lipoplexes is quantified. This was achieved analysing the correlation with non 1:1 stoichiometric sample description.Further details can be found in the article by Ana I. Gómez‐Varela, Ricardo Gaspar, Adelaide Miranda, Juliane L. Assis, Rafael H.F. Valverde, Marcelo Einicker‐Lamas, Bruno F. B. Silva, and Pieter A.A. De Beule (e202000200).
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