bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0985 Utility Of A Rest-activity Ratio In A Pediatric Brain Injury Rehabilitation Sample: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lequerica A , Lengenfelder J , Genova H , Shoval H A , Marchetta C , Yalamanchi K , DeLuca J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sleep is an important element of health that can impact daytime performance in brain injury rehabilitation. Actigraphy in a pediatric inpatient setting can pose challenges when there are increased amounts of time spent in a hospital bed. A rest-activity ratio (Duclos et al., 2013) has demonstrated utility in adult brain injury populations, showing sensitivity to improved regulation of the sleep-wake cycle as individuals recover during their hospitalization. The present study sought to examine the utility of this ratio in differentiating children with and without acquired brain injury (ABI).

Methods
Sixteen individuals, ages 8-16 (M=12.6, SD=2.4) admitted to an inpatient pediatric rehabilitation hospital wore an actigraph over a 7-day period. Eight inpatients were being treated for ABI whereas another 8 inpatients treated for other, non-neurological conditions served as a control. Raw activity counts across the 24-hour period were analyzed to derive a rest-activity ratio.

Results
Those with ABI had lower average ratios (0.73) compared with patients without ABI (0.84), F(1,14)=4.3, p=0.058. Individuals with ratios of 0.85 or higher were rated by their physical therapists as being more alert during therapy using a 5-point Likert scale, F(1,14)=4.1, p=0.061. While these results were marginally significant, this pilot sample was small, and the effect sizes were large (eta squared = 0.234 and 0.229 respectively).

Conclusion
The rest-activity ratio successfully distinguished those with ABI from a non-ABI sample. This preliminary evidence in a pediatric sample suggests that this ratio, shown to be sensitive to the effects of brain injury on sleep-wake regulation, may be a useful metric in the inpatient pediatric rehabilitation setting when sleep diaries may be difficult to obtain and patients may be spending more time in bed while awake. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to explore the correlates of this ratio with other aspects of rehabilitation after pediatric brain injury.

Support
This study was funded in part through a generous grant from the Church & Dwight Employee Giving Fund
0986 Positive Airway Pressure Care And Cleaning Practices In The Pediatric Home
Authors: Pruss K K , Willis D , Spray B J , Jambhekar S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The Sleep Clinic at Arkansas Children’s follows approximately 300 children who require positive airway pressure (PAP) at home. The clinic respiratory therapist provides oral and written cleaning instructions while some physicians choose to provide their own instructions. The home equipment company who supplies PAP in the home also gives cleaning instructions. The different routes of information given may result in inconsistent practices. It is extremely important to clean PAP equipment as directed as infection and illness may result from improper cleaning.

Methods
Caregivers of children who utilize home PAP devices were invited to complete an anonymous survey regarding cleaning practices during a Sleep clinic appointment. Data were collected electronically. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize results.

Results
There were 96 participants of whom 90% (87/96) were parents/caregivers. The mean age of the equipment user was 12 years and most were male (69%, 66/96). The mean length of time the equipment had been used was 2.6 years (SD 3.2). The majority of respondents, 67% (64/95), identified the parent/caregiver as responsible for cleaning. Only 25% (24/96) reported cleaning the mask daily as recommended; 43% (41/96) of participants reported cleaning tubing weekly; 27% (26/96) reported cleaning the water chamber daily by while most reported at least weekly (47%, 45/96). The majority, 58% (56/96) reported emptying the water chamber daily and using distilled water (81%, 74/96). Most respondents did not note respiratory symptoms starting/increasing with PAP (67%, 64/96). Of those with respiratory symptoms attributed to PAP, congestion was the most common (79%, 11/14).

Conclusion
There is a discrepancy between recommended and actual practices for cleaning PAP equipment. No significant association was found between the duration of PAP use and cleaning practices. However, a moderately low correlation between age and cleaning was identified. Increased age was associated with decreased cleaning practices.

Support
Growing in time: exploring the molecular mechanisms of tree growth
Authors: Singh Rajesh Kumar , Bhalerao Rishikesh P , Eriksson Maria E 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTrees cover vast areas of the Earth’s landmasses. They mitigate erosion, capture carbon dioxide, produce oxygen and support biodiversity, and also are a source of food, raw materials and energy for human populations. Understanding the growth cycles of trees is fundamental for many areas of research. Trees, like most other organisms, have evolved a circadian clock to synchronize their growth and development with the daily and seasonal cycles of the environment. These regular changes in light, daylength and temperature are perceived via a range of dedicated receptors and cause resetting of the circadian clock to local time. This allows anticipation of daily and seasonal fluctuations and enables trees to co-ordinate their metabolism and physiology to ensure vital processes occur at the optimal times. In this review, we explore the current state of knowledge concerning the regulation of growth and seasonal dormancy in trees, using information drawn from model systems such as Populus spp.
Effectiveness of different acupuncture courses for functional constipation
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Dong , Xu Mingmin , Cao Wei , Liu Ying , Hou Tinghui , Zheng Qianhua , Li Ying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground:This study will evaluate the effectiveness of different acupuncture courses for functional constipation (FC) through network meta-analysis.Methods:Eight database (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and Wanfang Database) will be searched from inception to October 2019. Only randomized controlled trials comparing different acupuncture courses or acupuncture versus sham acupuncture or placebo will be included. The outcomes involved weekly stool frequency, Bristol Fecal score, responder rate and safety evaluation. The risk of bias assessment and quality of evidence will be appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines. RevMan 5.3 software, STATA V.14.0 and GeMTC software will be used to perform the network meta-analysis.Results:This work will compare and arrange the comparative efficacy of different acupuncture treatments for FC by summarizing the current evidences. The results will be submitted in the form of a journal publication.Conclusion:The results of this network meta-analysis may help doctors determine the best treatments for patients to manage FC.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42020153801.
Effect of propofol-based procedural sedation on risk of adverse events in a French emergency department: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Muller Barbara , Michalon Arnaud , Reuillard Adrien , Holman Anne Marie , Guihard Bertrand , Combes Xavier 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:
Propofol is widely used today outside the operating room to facilitate painful procedures. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the frequency and type of complications related to a propofol-based procedural sedation protocol used in a French emergency department.

Methods:
This retrospective study reviewed the records over a 6-year period of all patients—adults and children—who received propofol for procedural sedation according to a pre-established protocol. The frequency and type of adverse events related to this sedation were recorded. Adverse events were classified according to the World Society of Intra-Veinous Anaesthesia International Sedation Task Force as sentinel, moderate, minor, or minimal.

Results:
During the study period, 602 patients—395 adults (66%) and 207 (34%) children—received propofol. The main indications for procedural sedation were fracture (n = 327) and dislocation (n = 222) reduction, pleural drain placement (n = 34), and abscess incision (n = 12). Among the 602 consecutive cases, we identified 90 adverse events (14.9%; 95% confidence interval: 12–17.7%). These 90 events were classified as 1 sentinel (hypotension episode), 5 moderate (2 airway obstruction and 3 apnea episodes), 83 minor, and 1 minimal risk-averse events. There were no adverse outcomes.

Conclusion:
Nearly all of the adverse events in our series were minor. In the French medical system, the use of propofol outside the operating room by non-anesthesiologist physicians for procedural sedation appears safe.
Using Social Media for Rapid Information Dissemination in a Pandemic: #PedsICU and Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Kudchadkar Sapna R. , Carroll Christopher L. 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
To describe the impact of a strategy for international collaboration and rapid information dissemination on Twitter among the pediatric critical care community during a global pandemic.

Design:
Analysis of #PedsICU and coronavirus disease 2019 Twitter data in the Symplur Signals Database between February 1, 2020, and May 1, 2020.

Setting:
Social media platform Twitter.

Patients:
None.

Interventions:
Promotion of the joint usage of #PedsICU and #COVID19 throughout the international pediatric critical care community in tweets relevant to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and pediatric critical care.

Measurements and Main Results:
We collected data on all tweets containing the hashtag #PedsICU in addition to those containing both #PedsICU and coronavirus disease 2019 hashtags. Tweets including #PedsICU were shared 49,865 times on six continents between February 1, 2020, and May 1, 2020; between February 1 and March 13, only 8% of #PedsICU tweets included a coronavirus disease 2019 hashtag. After a sharp rise during the week of March 14, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 content has dominated the #PedsICU conversation on Twitter, comprising 69% of both #PedsICU tweets and impressions (p < 0.001). The most commonly used coronavirus disease 2019 hashtag over the study period was #COVID19 (69%). Proportionately, a greater percentage of #PedsICU tweets including the coronavirus disease 2019 hashtag (vs not) had images or videos (45% vs 41%; p < 0.001). In addition, non–physician healthcare providers were the largest group of users (46%) of the combination of #PedsICU and coronavirus disease 2019 hashtags. The most popular tweets shared on Twitter were open-access resources, including links for updated literature, narrative reviews, and educational videos relevant to coronavirus disease 2019 clinical care. Concurrent hashtags and words in tweets containing #PedsICU and coronavirus disease 2019 hashtags spanned several different disciplines and topics in pediatric critical care.

Conclusion:
Twitter has been used widely for real-time information sharing and collaboration among the international pediatric critical care community during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Targeted use of #PedsICU and #COVID19 for engagement on Twitter is a conduit to combat misinformation and optimize reach to pediatric critical care stakeholders across the globe when rapid dissemination is needed.
Revisiting the pathogenic role of insulin resistance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy subphenotypes
Authors: AbdelMassih Antoine Fakhry , Esmail Reem , Zekri Hanan , Kharabish Ahmed , ElKhashab Khaled , Menshawey Rahma , Ismail Habiba-Allah , Afdal Peter , Farid Erini , Affifi Omneya 
Published: May 2020

Introduction
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is known to impact the subepicardial layer of the myocardium through chronic inflammation. Recent animal studies have shown predominant subendocardial involvement in rats with DMD. The primary outcome parameter was to determine by cardiovascular MRI (CMR) if two differential patterns of myocardial involvements exist in DMD; the secondary outcome parameters were to correlate the observed pattern with metabolic markers such as insulin resistance measures.

Methods
Forty patients with DMD were screened using CMR to determine which of them had predominantly subendocardial dysfunction (SENDO group), or subepicardial/midmyocardial involvement (SEPMI group). Patients were subjected to body mass index measurement, serum creatinine kinase, serum lactate dehydrogenase enzyme, fasting glucose-insulin ratio (FGIR), full lipid profile, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricle E/E´ ratio (the ratio of early mitral inflow velocity to average early diastolic velocities of the basal septum and mitral annulus) for left ventricle diastolic function, and myocardial layer strain discriminating echocardiography (MLSD-STE). Results: 26 patients displayed SENDO while 34 displayed SEPMI. SENDO group displayed overt insulin resistance; (FGIR (SENDO: 7 ± 1 vs. SEPMI: 5 ± 1, P < 0.001). FGIR was negatively correlated with Subendocardial Global Longitudinal Strain (ENDO-LS) with r = −0.75.

Conclusion
DMD does not seem to influence the heart uniformly; DMD cardiomyopathy probably has two separate phenotypes with different mechanisms. Insulin resistance might be implicated in its pathogenesis and its reversal may help to slow disease progression.
Methods of inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 for downstream biological assays
Authors: Patterson Edward I. , Prince Tessa , Anderson Enyia R. , Casas-Sanchez Aitor , Smith Shirley L. , Cansado-Utrilla Cintia , Turtle Lance , Hughes Grant L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe scientific community has responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by rapidly undertaking research to find effective strategies to reduce the burden of this disease. Encouragingly, researchers from a diverse array of fields are collectively working towards this goal. Research with infectious SARS-CoV-2 is undertaken in high containment laboratories, however, it is often desirable to work with samples at lower containment levels. To facilitate the transfer of infectious samples from high containment laboratories, we have tested methods commonly used to inactivate virus and prepare the sample for additional experiments. Incubation at 80°C, and a range of detergents and UV energies were successful at inactivating a high titre of SARS-CoV-2. These protocols can provide a framework for in house inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in other laboratories, ensuring the safe use of samples in lower containment levels.
A ubiquitin-based mechanism for the oligogenic inheritance of heterotaxy and heart defects
Authors: Kong Jennifer H. , Young Cullen B. , Pusapati Ganesh V. , Patel Chandni B. , Ho Sebastian , Krishnan Arunkumar , Lin Jiuann-Huey Ivy , Devine William , Moreau de Bellaing Anne , Athni Tejas S. , Aravind L. , Gunn Teresa M. , Lo Cecilia W. , Rohatgi Rajat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe etiology of congenital heart defects (CHDs), amongst the most common human birth defects, is poorly understood partly because of its complex genetic architecture. Here we show that two genes previously implicated in CHDs,Megf8andMgrn1, interact genetically and biochemically to regulate the strength of Hedgehog signaling in target cells. MEGF8, a single-pass transmembrane protein, and MGRN1, a RING superfamily E3 ligase, assemble to form a transmembrane ubiquitin ligase complex that catalyzes the ubiquitination and degradation of the Hedgehog pathway transducer Smoothened. HomozygousMegf8andMgrn1mutations increased Smoothened abundance and elevated sensitivity to Hedgehog ligands. While mice heterozygous for loss-of-functionMegf8orMgrn1mutations were normal, double heterozygous embryos exhibited an incompletely penetrant syndrome of CHDs with heterotaxy. Thus, genetic interactions between components of a receptor-like ubiquitin ligase complex that tunes morphogen signaling strength can cause a birth defect syndrome inherited in an oligogenic pattern.
Quantitative analysis questions the role of MeCP2 as a global regulator of alternative splicing
Authors: Chhatbar Kashyap , Cholewa-Waclaw Justyna , Shah Ruth , Bird Adrian , Sanguinetti Guido 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMeCP2 is an abundant protein in mature nerve cells, where it binds to DNA sequences containing methylated cytosine. Mutations in theMECP2gene cause the severe neurological disorder Rett syndrome (RTT), provoking intensive study of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Multiple functions have been proposed, one of which involves a regulatory role in splicing. Here we leverage the recent availability of high-quality transcriptomic data sets to probe quantitatively the potential influence of MeCP2 on alternative splicing. Using a variety of machine learning approaches that can capture both linear and non-linear associations, we show that widely different levels of MeCP2 have a minimal effect on alternative splicing in three different systems. Alternative splicing was also apparently indifferent to developmental changes in DNA methylation levels. Our results suggest that regulation of splicing is not a major function of MeCP2. They also highlight the importance of multi-variate quantitative analyses in the formulation of biological hypotheses.
A Comprehensive Public Health Evaluation of Lockdown as a Non-pharmaceutical Intervention on COVID-19 Spread in India: National Trends Masking State Level Variations
Authors: Basu Deepankar , Salvatore Maxwell , Ray Debashree , Kleinsasser Mike , Purkayastha Soumik , Bhattacharyya Rupam , Mukherjee Bhramar 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionIndia has been under four phases of a national lockdown from March 25 to May 31 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Unmasking the state-wise variation in the effect of the nationwide lockdown on the progression of the pandemic could inform dynamic policy interventions towards containment and mitigation.MethodsUsing data on confirmed COVID-19 cases across 20 states that accounted for more than 99% of the cumulative case counts in India till May 31, 2020, we illustrate the masking of state-level trends and highlight the variations across states by presenting evaluative evidence on some aspects of the COVID-19 outbreak: case-fatality rates, doubling times of cases, effective reproduction numbers, and the scale of testing.ResultsThe estimated effective reproduction number R for India was 3.36 (95% confidence interval (CI): [3.03, 3.71]) on March 24, whereas the average of estimates from May 25 - May 31 stands at 1.27 (95% CI: [1.26, 1.28]). Similarly, the estimated doubling time across India was at 3.56 days on March 24, and the past 7-day average for the same on May 31 is 14.37 days. The average daily number of tests have increased from 1,717 (March 19-25) to 131,772 (May 25-31) with an estimated testing shortfall of 4.58 million tests nationally by May 31. However, various states exhibit substantial departures from these national patterns.ConclusionsPatterns of change over lockdown periods indicate the lockdown has been effective in slowing the spread of the virus nationally. The COVID-19 outbreak in India displays large state-level variations and identifying these variations can help in both understanding the dynamics of the pandemic and formulating effective public health interventions. Our framework offers a holistic assessment of the pandemic across Indian states and union territories along with a set of interactive visualization tools that are daily updated at covind19.org.
Developing and validation of a questionnaire for assessment of individual’s perceived risk of four major non-communicable diseases in Myanmar
Authors: Mya Kyaw Swa , Zaw Ko Ko , Mya Khay Mar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe adopting healthy life styles are greatly influenced by individual’s perceived risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire that can assess the individual’s perceived risk of developing four major NCDs. Exploratory sequential mixed methods design was used. Qualitative part developed the question items pool by conducting two expert panels while quantitative part validated the questionnaire using both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Separate samples were used for EFA (n=150) and CFA (n=210). The participants were aged between 25-60 years of both sexes with no known history of NCDs. Face to face interview was conducted. Parallel analysis was done to decide the number of factors to be extracted. EFA was done using maximum likelihood method with Promax rotation to extract the underlying factors of perceived risk while CFA was done to assess the goodness of fit of proposed EFA Model using model fit indices. Based on literature search, 86-item questionnaire was firstly generated. During two expert panels, some overlapped items and items that did not represent the specific construct were removed. Experts made sure the content validity of developed 51-item questionnaire which was used to collect data from 360 participants. EFA revealed the five factors model with 22 high loading items which extracted 54% of total variance. CFA proved that hypothesized five factors model of 21-item questionnaire (one item was removed due to low loading) was satisfied with adequate psychometric properties and model fit indices (RMSEA=0.056, CFI=0.921, TLI=0.908, SRMR=0.063 & χ2/df=1.66). Developed 21-item questionnaire was shown to be valid and reliable to assess the perceived risk of developing NCDs among Myanmar population. Further research should be conducted to assess on the utility of the questionnaire in mismatch between risk perception and current risk and individualized counseling for behaviour change communication.
Infoveillance to Analyze Covid19 Impact on Central America Population
Authors: Saire Josimar Edinson Chire , Lemus-Martin Roselyn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInfoveillance is an application within the Infodemiology field with the aim of monitoring public health and create public policies. Latin American countries have a different context about economics and health, so Infoveillance can be a useful tool to monitor and improve the decisions and be more strategical during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how data generated through Twitter can be used to help the implementation of strategies to address pandemic emergence in countries with Spanish as a native language in Central America by using a Text Mining Approach with Twitter as a data source in the capital of those countries.