bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A General Version of Price’s Theorem
Authors: Voigtlaender Felix 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAssume that $$X_{\Sigma } \in \mathbb {R}^{n}$$

X
Σ

∈

R

n

is a centered random vector following a multivariate normal distribution with positive definite covariance matrix $$\Sigma $$
Σ
. Let $$g : \mathbb {R}^{n} \rightarrow \mathbb {C}$$

g
:

R

n

→
C

be measurable and of moderate growth, say $$|g(x)| \lesssim (1 + |x|)^{N}$$

|
g

(
x
)

|

≲

(
1
+
|
x
|
)

N

. We show that the map $$\Sigma \mapsto \mathbb {E}[g(X_{\Sigma })]$$

Σ
↦
E
[
g

(

X
Σ

)

]

is smooth, and we derive convenient expressions for its partial derivatives, in terms of certain expectations $$\mathbb {E}[(\partial ^{\alpha }g)(X_{\Sigma })]$$

E
[

(

∂
α

g
)

(

X
Σ

)

]

of partial (distributional) derivatives of g. As we discuss, this result can be used to derive bounds for the expectation $$\mathbb {E}[g(X_{\Sigma })]$$

E
[
g

(

X
Σ

)

]

of a nonlinear function $$g(X_{\Sigma })$$

g
(

X
Σ

)

of a Gaussian random vector $$X_{\Sigma }$$

X
Σ

with possibly correlated entries. For the case when $$g\left( x\right) = g_{1}(x_{1}) \cdots g_{n}(x_{n})$$

g

x

=

g
1

(

x
1

)

⋯

g
n

(

x
n

)

has tensor-product structure, the above result is known in the engineering literature as Price’s theorem, originally published in 1958. For dimension $$n = 2$$

n
=
2

, it was generalized in 1964 by McMahon to the general case $$g : \mathbb {R}^{2} \rightarrow \mathbb {C}$$

g
:

R

2

→
C

. Our contribution is to unify these results, and to give a mathematically fully rigorous proof. Precisely, we consider a normally distributed random vector $$X_{\Sigma } \in \mathbb {R}^{n}$$

X
Σ

∈

R

n

of arbitrary dimension $$n \in \mathbb {N}$$

n
∈
N

, and we allow the nonlinearity g to be a general tempered distribution. To this end, we replace the expectation $$\mathbb {E}\left[ g(X_{\Sigma })\right] $$

E

g
(

X
Σ

)

by the dual pairing $$\left\langle g,\,\phi _{\Sigma }\right\rangle _{\mathcal {S}',\mathcal {S}}$$

g
,

ϕ
Σ

S

′

,
S

, where $$\phi _{\Sigma }$$

ϕ
Σ

denotes the probability density function of $$X_{\Sigma }$$

X
Σ

.
The Morality of Treason
Authors: Fabre Cécile 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTreason is one of the most serious legal offences that there are, in most if not all jurisdictions. Laws against treason are rooted in deep-seated moral revulsion about acts which, in the political realm, are paradigmatic examples of breaches of loyalty. Yet, it is not altogether clear what treason consists in: someone’s traitor is often another’s loyalist. In this paper, my aim is twofold: to offer a plausible conceptual account of treason, and to partly rehabilitate traitors. I focus on informational treason, as the act of passing secret intelligence to foreign actors without authorization. I argue that informational treason is sometimes justified, indeed morally mandatory; even when it is morally wrong, its beneficiaries are sometimes justified, indeed obliged, to make use of the intelligence thereby provided.
Chaotic synchronization of memristive neurons: Lyapunov function versus Hamilton function
Authors: Yamakou Marius E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a 5-dimensional Hindmarsh–Rose neuron model. This improved version of the original model shows rich dynamical behaviors, including a chaotic super-bursting regime. This regime promises a greater information encoding capacity than the standard bursting activity. Based on the Krasovskii–Lyapunov stability theory, the sufficient conditions (on the synaptic strengths and magnetic gain parameters) for stable chaotic synchronization of the model are obtained. Based on Helmholtz’s theorem, the Hamilton function of the corresponding error dynamical system is also obtained. It is shown that the time variation of this Hamilton function along trajectories can play the role of the time variation of the Lyapunov function—in determining the stability of the synchronization manifold. Numerical computations indicate that as the synaptic strengths and the magnetic gain parameters change, the time variation of the Hamilton function is always nonzero (i.e., a relatively large positive or negative value) only when the time variation of the Lyapunov function is positive, and zero (or vanishingly small) only when the time variation of the Lyapunov function is also zero. This, therefore, paves an alternative way to determine the stability of synchronization manifolds and can be particularly useful for systems whose Lyapunov function is difficult to construct, but whose Hamilton function corresponding to the dynamic error system is easier to calculate.
Are official confirmed cases and fatalities counts good enough to study the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics? A critical assessment through the case of Italy
Authors: Bartoszek Krzysztof , Guidotti Emanuele , Iacus Stefano Maria , Okrój Marcin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs the COVID-19 outbreak is developing the two most frequently reported statistics seem to be the raw confirmed case and case fatalities counts. Focusing on Italy, one of the hardest hit countries, we look at how these two values could be put in perspective to reflect the dynamics of the virus spread. In particular, we find that merely considering the confirmed case counts would be very misleading. The number of daily tests grows, while the daily fraction of confirmed cases to total tests has a change point. It (depending on region) generally increases with strong fluctuations till (around, depending on region) 15–22 March and then decreases linearly after. Combined with the increasing trend of daily performed tests, the raw confirmed case counts are not representative of the situation and are confounded with the sampling effort. This we observe when regressing on time the logged fraction of positive tests and for comparison the logged raw confirmed count. Hence, calibrating model parameters for this virus’s dynamics should not be done based only on confirmed case counts (without rescaling by the number of tests), but take also fatalities and hospitalization count under consideration as variables not prone to be distorted by testing efforts. Furthermore, reporting statistics on the national level does not say much about the dynamics of the disease, which are taking place at the regional level. These findings are based on the official data of total death counts up to 15 April 2020 released by ISTAT and up to 10 May 2020 for the number of cases. In this work, we do not fit models but we rather investigate whether this task is possible at all. This work also informs about a new tool to collect and harmonize official statistics coming from different sources in the form of a package for the statistical environment and presents the “.”
Prophets, saviours and saints: Symbolic governance and the rise of a transnational metrological field
Authors: Grek Sotiria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThrough their collaborative practices of quantification and standardisation in large-scale comparative literacy and numeracy surveys, international organisations (IOs) are both constituting new realities and being reconstituted themselves. This article aims to substantiate how the dominance of global measurement regimes has had profound implications for the ways in which IOs such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank interact, and for the environments these new interrelationships generate. How is one to make sense of this emerging reality? The author of this article examines the interplay of large IOs in their effort to achieve the targets of the United Nations’ fourth Sustainable Development Goal (the education-focused SDG 4). She argues that the SDGs are not a stand-alone performance measurement exercise, but are rather organised under the rubric of a much larger monitoring programme with its own internal logic, structure and hierarchies. She demonstrates that SDG 4 represents a significant case of transnational governance of education, and more specifically of the infrastructures and interdependencies of IOs in the construction of education data within the SDGs. Her purpose is to offer insights into the labour and infrastructure involved in the joint production of metrics. Drawing on declarations, agreements and reports as well as empirical findings from a series of interviews she conducted with key actors from all the major IOs and civil society, the author uses Bourdieusian theory to suggest that quantification has facilitated symbolic governance of the education policy field. As a result, the joint effort towards achieving the targets of SDG 4 represents the rise, and to a large degree the dominance, of the influence of the transnational field of measurement in education.
Welchen Nutzen bringen Gesundheits-Apps für die Primärversorgung? Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Allgemeinmedizinern
Authors: Wangler Julian , Jansky Michael 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aufgrund einer stetig steigenden Verfügbarkeit und Nutzung von Gesundheits-Apps stellt sich die Frage, wie diese sich so ins Gesundheitswesen integrieren lassen, dass positive Effekte bei Prävention und Therapie erzielt werden können.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Studie geht der Frage nach, welche Einstellungen Hausärzte in Bezug auf Gesundheits-Apps vertreten, welche Einsatzpotenziale sie wahrnehmen und unter welchen Voraussetzungen Apps stärker in die Patientenversorgung einbezogen werden können.

Material und Methoden
Aufbauend auf einer Vorstudie wurden zwischen Januar und März 2020 insgesamt 1070 Hausärzte in Hessen schriftlich-anonymisiert befragt. Neben der deskriptiven Analyse kam eine Faktorenanalyse zum Einsatz. Zudem wurde ein t‑Test bei unabhängigen Stichproben durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Unter den Befragten zeigen sich unterschiedliche Einstellungs- und Erfahrungscluster in Bezug auf den Nutzen von Gesundheits-Apps. Während positiv eingestellte Ärzte (35 %) Motivations- und Compliancevorteile hervorheben, sind skeptische Ärzte (44 %) misstrauisch in Bezug auf die Datensicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit von Apps sowie rechtliche Fragestellungen und haben Sorge vor einer Mehrbelastung. Gleichwohl nimmt eine klare Mehrheit sinnvolle Einsatzpotenziale für Gesundheits-Apps wahr, wenn es um lebensstilunterstützende Funktionen geht (66 %/85 %). Bei Patienten, die Apps einsetzen, beobachten 55 % der Befragten positive Beiträge zur Gesundheitsvorsorge und/oder Genesung. Obwohl die meisten Ärzte bislang eher zurückhaltend sind, Apps zu empfehlen, ist für einen großen Teil (72 %) vorstellbar, solche in Zukunft (stärker) in die Versorgung einzubeziehen.

Schlussfolgerung
Trotz der positiver Effekte, die Gesundheits-Apps für Prävention und Therapie haben können, bestehen bei vielen Hausärzten Vorbehalte hinsichtlich der Überschaubarkeit, Transparenz und Sicherheit von Apps. Diese Bedenken sollten verstärkt adressiert werden, um die richtigen Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Integration von Gesundheits-Apps in die primärärztliche Patientenversorgung zu schaffen (u. a. verbindliche Datenschutz- und Qualitätsstandards, klare Rechtslage in Bezug auf die Anwendung, Schulungen, Tools zur Übersicht und Einordnung).
ESCRTs in Pflanzen: die Begleitung der Membranproteine zum Abbau
Authors: Nagel Marie-Kristin , Isono Erika 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe regulation of the abundance of plasma membrane proteins is crucial for the survival of plants in an ever-changing environment. Selective protein degradation of plasma membrane proteins occurs via ubiquitin-dependent and ESCRT-mediated endosomal transport. Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are not only important for plant development, but also for autophagy and pathogen defence in plants. Here we discuss the function of ESCRTs in the regulation of endosomal transport and their physiological implication.
Beweiskraft von DNA-Spuren: Was macht das Y-Chromosom so besonders?
Authors: Caliebe Amke , Krawczak Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany crime cases require clarification whether or not a trace was left by a suspect. This is achieved by comparing their DNA profiles, a match indicating identity of suspect and donor. In sexual crimes, the trace is often a mixture of male and female material. This renders the analysis of the Y chromosome useful, but the interpretation of the genetic results is complicated by the specific mode of inheritance. We review some of the arising challenges as well as recently suggested solutions.
Single-particle tracking von GPCRs
Authors: Franken Sebastian , Bussmann Hendrik , Häberlein Hanns , Bonke Erik , End Caroline 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSingle-particle tracking (SPT) is a method of high-resolution microscopy to investigate the dynamics of single molecules inside cells or on the cell surface. Here we describe for the first time the applicability of the HiBiT Protein Tagging System combined with the HaloTag® self-labeling protein technology for monitoring the lateral diffusion of a pharmacological relevant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) by SPT.
Wie ein rotierender Typ-IV-Pilus Archaeen das Schwimmen beibrachte
Authors: Tripp Patrick , Albers Sonja-Verena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSwimming motility in Archaea is mediated by the archaellum, a rotating type IV pilus. Archaellum-based motility is the only known way of active locomotion in Archaea to date. Here, we describe the way of how the archaellum was discovered to be a unique structure in nature and highlight the latest findings on archaellar components.
Maßgeschneiderte Polyketidsynthasen zur Herstellung von Polyketid-Derivaten
Authors: Musiol-Kroll Ewa M. , Wohlleben Wolfgang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolyketides (PKs) are secondary metabolites with valuable properties, including antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, and immunosuppressive activity. The biosynthesis of PKs is accomplished by multifunctional megaenzymes, the polyketide synthases (PKSs). The molecular architecture of those remarkable assembly lines provides opportunities for their engineering and generation of PK derivatives with potentially improved pharmacokinetics and/or expanded spectrum of bioactivity.
Facile Fabrication of Biomimetic Water Pinning Microstructures on Polyethylene Surfaces with Robust Superhydrophobic Wetting State
Authors: Li Yuzhu , Gao Hang , Ma Yunhai , Chen Donghui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractApplying hot-embossing technology, a simple and cost-effective method for the fabrication of microstructured High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) surfaces with a robust superhydrophobic wetting state is proposed. Micro-meshes and micro-grooves in the flexible template are filled by the PE melt in the hot embossing process. Subsequently, a two-stage microstructure on the PE film surface is formed. This PE film exhibits a contact angle of 151.8° ± 2° and roll-off angle of > 90° when a 5 µL water droplet is dropped on its surface. Water pinning ability on the surface is figured out and roll-off angles are as a quadratic function of specified water droplet volume. Specifically, a 356 µN water pinng force appears on the HDPE film due to the solid-vapor composite interface on its surface. Meanwhile, self-cleaning and immersion tests reveal that the HDPE surface with micro-pillars exhibit robust Cassie impregnating wetting state against external pressure. The proposed method for facial fabrication of microstructured surfaces is an appropriate candidate for the development of droplet manipulation and functional biomimetic polymer surfaces.
COVID-19 compassion in self-isolating old age: looking forward from family to regional and global concerns
Authors: Douglas Ian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSelf-isolating with my wife, I feel gratitude and compassion for all those supporting us, particularly those who regularly deliver our food and our immediate family members who check on us frequently. My compassion goes out to those on the “frontline”, particularly my niece and her daughter who are both nurses in a major hospital and who developed and recovered from COVID-19 symptoms. More broadly, I recognise that there are many communities that have had to cope with both geophysical and socio-politically created disasters while facing the COVID-19 pandemic, among then some young women bee-keepers in Uganda. In the UK context, I have great concern that severe funding cuts for regional and local public health services and disaster planning handicapped the country’s response to coronavirus and may have been a factor in the UK’s high coronavirus death rate. I see both positive and negative changes in air pollution and urban nature in our towns and cities, but also am concerned that we collectively may lose sight of the greater crises of climate change and species extinction. We have to work for a better future by taking forward the opportunities and lessons from our reactions to the pandemic. This leads to compassion for the yet unborn, our grandchildren’s children, who might enter a less habitable, more unequal less collaborative world than the imperfect one we now enjoy.
An evolutionary approach to international political economy: the case of corporate tax avoidance
Authors: Palan Ronen Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCorporate tax avoidance is both widespread and diverse in its practical mechanics. The scope of the phenomenon often leads economists to conclude that in the jungle of economic competition, tax planning (or optimisation) is among the necessary tools to ensure the survival of the fittest. This theory is increasingly associated with a Darwinian theory of economic evolution. In this paper, I develop a contrasting framework of the evolutionary political economy of corporate tax avoidance. Analysing core concepts of Old Institutionalist Economics (OIE), I examine the core drivers of corporate tax avoidance in a globalised system of states. The major contrast, I find, is between that of the corporate and legal personality and the institutional environment in which it operates. Historically, each corporate entity has been considered a separate legal person, yet a series of ‘mutations’ of incorporations laws created a widening gap between theory and reality, and these, in turn, give rise to tax arbitrage. Narrowing this gap, however, impinges on another venerable historical institution, the institution of sovereignty and sovereign inequality.
SMALL-SCALE HOUSEHOLD CERAMIC PRODUCTION: NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF PLAIN AND DECORATED CERAMICS FROM PRE-AZTEC XALTOCAN, MEXICO
Authors: De Lucia Kristin , Boulanger Matthew T. , Glascock Michael D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examines small-scale household ceramic production at the site of Xaltocan, Mexico, to understand the organization of household ceramic production prior to the development of the Aztec Empire. We examine utilitarian vessels and serving wares from an Early Postclassic (a.d.900–1200) domestic context using neutron activation analysis (NAA). We also examine archaeological evidence for ceramic manufacture. The NAA data reveal that similar raw materials and paste recipes were used for both utilitarian and decorated wares, suggesting that households produced both plain and decorated pottery. We conclude that ceramic production was an intermittent activity that took place alongside other crafts and agriculture. By looking at ceramics within their contexts of use and production, we consider the practices and choices made by individual social units, which is crucial to interpreting broader Early Postclassic economic systems and the ways in which commoners influenced these systems.
Psychological Test Adaptation and Development – How Papers Are Structured and Why
Authors: Ziegler Matthias 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This article explains how papers should be structured to guide the preparation of papers to be submitted to Psychological Test Adaptation and Development. Each submission should adhere as strictly as possible to the following structure. If, for any reason, certain aspects cannot be provided, this should be explained and considered in the limitations and recommendations. The outline in Table 1 is followed by a detailed explanation for each section. [Table: see text]
Paleomagnetic Constraint on the Carboniferous Paleoposition of Indochina and Its Implications for the Evolution of Eastern Paleo‐Tethys Ocean
Authors: Yan Yonggang , Duan Lei , Liang Shumin , Wang Junhui , Huang Baochun , Zheng Wenjun , Zhang Peizhen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo better understand the rifting history and mechanism of the Indochina Block from eastern Gondwana, we report a paleomagnetic study on middle Carboniferous (~315 Ma) limestones from the southernmost Yunnan of China. Characteristic remanent magnetizations (ChRMs) were isolated from samples in 14 sites after secondary magnetizations were erased at relatively low temperature ranges, of which magnetites were interpreted to be the magnetic carriers for the former while goethites and pyrrhotites for the latter. The rock‐magnetically interpreted minerals are confirmed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) on samples with a high concentration of magnetic minerals, of which the calcium carbonates were dissolved with a mixed solution of CH3COOH and CH3COONa. The ChRMs passed reversal and fold tests and are very likely a primary magnetization, which correspond a paleomagnetic pole of 76.1°S/181.3°E (A95 = 4.0°, N = 14) and locate the Indochina Block at 18.4 ± 4.0°S. A relatively quiet tectonic period was suggested for the North Qiangtang, Indochina, and South China blocks during the middle Carboniferous‐early Permian, and a sequential start of rapid drifting of these blocks was recognized, which is coeval with the rifting of Cimmerian terranes from Gondwana.
COVID-19 and cancer research
Authors: Harris Adrian L. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating effect on human lives and society. The accompanying editorial summarises some of the major effects on cancer patients and impacts on cancer research. These may be mitigated by appropriate responses from governments, research funders, charities, universities, industry and the public. It is already clear that different approaches to management have drastically different outcomes.
Turning induced plasticity into refined adaptations during range expansion
Authors: Potticary Ahva L. , Morrison Erin S. , Badyaev Alexander V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRobustness against environmental fluctuations within an adaptive state should preclude exploration of new adaptive states when the environment changes. Here, we study transitions between adaptive associations of feather structure and carotenoid uptake to understand how robustness and evolvability can be reconciled. We show that feather modifications induced by unfamiliar carotenoids during a range expansion are repeatedly converted into precise coadaptations of feather development and carotenoid accommodation as populations persist in a region. We find that this conversion is underlain by a uniform and coordinated increase in the sensitivity of feather development to local carotenoid uptake, indicative of cooption and modification of the homeostatic mechanism that buffers feather growth in the evolution of new adaptations. Stress-buffering mechanisms are well placed to alternate between robustness and evolvability and we suggest that this is particularly evident in adaptations that require close integration between widely fluctuating external inputs and intricate internal structures.