bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Referrals for surgical removal of polyps since the introduction of a colorectal cancer screening programme
Authors: Bosch Dianne , Leicher Laura W. , Vermeer Nina C.A. , C.M.J. Peeters Koen , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter H. , van Westreenen Henderik L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimImplementation of the Dutch national bowel screening programme in 2014 led to an increased rate of detection of polyps. In general, polyps should be removed endoscopically. However, if the size and location of the polyp make endoscopic removal technically difficult, or if there is a suspicion for early (T1) cancer, surgery is the preferred method for removal. An increasing number of these patients are being treated with minimally invasive surgical procedures instead of segmental resection. The aim of this study was to assess the number of referrals for surgery and the type of surgery for polyps since the introduction of the Dutch national bowel screening programme.MethodA retrospective cohort study was performed. Patients who underwent surgery for colorectal polyps between January 2012 and December 2017 were included. Patients with histologically proven carcinoma prior to surgery were excluded. Primary outcomes were the number and type of surgical procedures for polyps.ResultsA total of 164 patients were included. An annual increase in procedures for colorectal polyps was observed, from 18 patients in 2012 to 36 patients in 2017. All the procedures before implementation of the screening programme were segmental resections, and 58.8% of the patients underwent organ‐preserving surgery after implementation of the screening. The overall complication rate of organ‐preserving surgery was 16.3%, compared with 44.3% for segmental resections (P = 0.001). Overall, invasive colorectal cancer was encountered in 23.8% of cases.ConclusionThe number of referrals for surgical resection of colorectal polyps has doubled since the introduction of the Dutch national bowel screening programme with a substantial shift towards organ‐preserving techniques.
Continuous function of 80 primary renal allografts for 30–47 years with maintenance prednisone and azathioprine/mycophenolate mofetil therapy: A clinical mosaic of long‐term successes
Authors: Braun William E. , Herlitz Leal , Li Jianbo , Schold Jesse , Poggio Emilio , Stephany Brian , Fatica Richard , Nally Joseph , Brown Kathleen , Fairchild Robert , Baldwin William , Goldfarb David , Kiser William , Augustine Joshua , Avery Robin , Tomford J. Walton , Nakamoto Satoru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEighty primary renal allograft recipients, 61 living‐related and 19 deceased donor, transplanted from 1963 through 1984 had continuous graft function for 30–47 years. They were treated with three different early immunosuppression programs (1963–1970: thymectomy, splenectomy, high oral prednisone; 1971–1979: divided‐dose intravenous methylprednisolone; and 1980–1984: antilymphocyte globulin) each with maintenance prednisone and azathioprine, and no calcineurin inhibitor. Long‐term treatment often included the anti‐platelet medication, dipyridamole. Although both recipient and donor ages were young (27.2 ± 9.5 and 33.1 ± 12.0 years, respectively), six recipients with a parent donor had >40‐year success. At 35 years, death‐censored graft survival was 85.3% and death with a functioning graft 84.2%; overall graft survival was 69.5% (Kaplan–Meier estimate). Biopsy‐documented early acute cellular and highly probable antibody‐mediated rejections were reversed with divided‐dose intravenous methylprednisolone. Complications are detailed in an integrated timeline. Hypogammaglobulinemia identified after 20 years doubled the infection rate. An association between a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and non‐plasma‐cell malignancies was identified. Twenty‐seven azathioprine‐treated patients tested after 37 years had extremely low levels of T1/T2 B lymphocytes representing a “low immunosuppression state of allograft acceptance (LISAA)”. The lifetime achievements of these patients following a single renal allograft and low‐dose maintenance immunosuppression are remarkable. Their success evolved as a clinical mosaic.
Infectious exanthemas in childhood
Authors: Fölster‐Holst Regina 
Published: October 2020

SummaryMost childhood exanthemas are harmless. However, recognizing serious diseases with life‐threatening complications at an early stage is important for the timely initiation of adequate therapy. This requires knowledge of the specific patterns of the exanthema, obtained from the medical history and the clinic, including the patient’s general condition and physical examination. In unclear cases, additional diagnostic measures are undertaken, such as blood tests and smears (cutaneous, mucocutaneous).Viruses are the most common cause of childhood exanthemas. New variants of infectious agents, improved diagnostics and stays in tropical and subtropical countries have expanded the spectrum of infectious exanthemas.
Infektiöse Exantheme im Kindesalter
Authors: Fölster‐Holst Regina 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie meisten Exanthemerkrankungen im Kindesalter sind harmlos. Es ist jedoch wichtig, schwerwiegende Erkrankungen mit lebensbedrohlichen Komplikationen frühzeitig zu erkennen, um rechtzeitig eine adäquate Therapie einzuleiten. Hierfür ist die Kenntnis der spezifischen Muster (Pattern) der Exantheme Voraussetzung, die sich aus der Anamnese sowie der Klinik einschließlich des Allgemeinbefindens und der körperlichen Untersuchung ergeben. In unklaren Fällen werden zusätzliche diagnostische Maßnahmen veranlasst wie Blutuntersuchungen und Abstriche (kutan, mukokutan).Am häufigsten sind Viren Auslöser von Exanthemen im Kindesalter. Neue Varianten von Infektionserregern, verbesserte Diagnostik, Aufenthalte in tropischen oder subtropischen Ländern haben das Spektrum infektiöser Exantheme erweitert.
Vascular ring and sling in a fetus who developed esophageal and airway compression after birth
Authors: Yang Shui‐hua , He Gui‐dan , Liang Meng‐feng , Qin Gui‐chan , Pang Yu‐lan , Li Xue‐qin , Li Xin‐yan , Wei Hong‐wei , Wang Ying‐fei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVascular ring and sling are congenital anomalies of the vascular structure in the thorax with a prevalence of 2.4/10,000 live births. Double aortic arch (DAA), right aortic arch with left ductus arteriosus and aberrant left subclavian artery (RAA‐ALSA), and pulmonary artery sling (PAS) are the three common types of vascular ring and sling. These anomalies can be isolated or accompanied by intracardiac malformation. The presence of both vascular ring and PAS is extremely rare. Here, we report a fetus who was prenatally diagnosed with PAS and RAA‐ALS, and developed symptoms due to esophageal and airway compression after birth.
Characterization of circular RNA transcriptomes in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis reveals disease‐specific expression profiles
Authors: Moldovan Liviu I. , Tsoi Lam C. , Ranjitha Uppala , Hager Henrik , Weidinger Stephen , Gudjonsson Johann E. , Kjems Jørgen , Kristensen Lasse S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are two common chronic inflammatory skin diseases that are associated with various comorbidities. Circular RNA (circRNA) constitutes a major class of non‐coding RNAs that have been implicated in many human diseases, although their potential involvement in inflammatory skin diseases remains elusive. Here, we compare and contrast the circRNA expression landscapes in paired lesional and non‐lesional skin from psoriasis and AD patients relative to skin from unaffected individuals using high‐depth RNA‐seq data. CircRNAs and their cognate linear transcripts were quantified using the circRNA detection algorithm, CIRI2, and in situ hybridization and Sanger sequencing was used for validation purposes. We identified 39,286 circRNAs among all samples and found that psoriasis and AD lesional skin could be distinguished from non‐lesional and healthy skin based on circRNA expression landscapes. In general, circRNAs were less abundant in lesional relative to non‐lesional and healthy skin. Differential expression analyses revealed many significantly downregulated circRNAs, mainly in psoriasis lesional skin, and a strong correlation between psoriasis and AD‐related circRNA expression changes was observed. Two individual circRNAs, ciRS‐7 (also known as CDR1as) and circZRANB1, were specifically dysregulated in psoriasis and show promise as biomarkers for discriminating AD from psoriasis. In conclusion, the circRNA transcriptomes of psoriasis and AD share expression features, including a global downregulation relative to healthy skin, but this is most pronounced in psoriasis, and only psoriasis is characterized by several circRNAs being dysregulated independently of their cognate linear transcripts. Finally, specific circRNAs could potentially be used to distinguish AD from psoriasis.
Overview of global status of plastic presence in marine vertebrates
Authors: López‐Martínez Sergio , Morales‐Caselles Carmen , Kadar Julianna , Rivas Marga L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe presence of plastic in the environment is generating impacts on all habitats and has become a major global problem in marine megafauna. Macroplastics can cause entanglement, ingestion and loss of suitable habitats. In addition to entanglement problems, there is evidence that plastics are entering the food web through ingestion by marine organisms, which could ultimately be affecting humans. Much of the available information on the impact of plastic in biota is scattered and disconnected due to the use of different methodologies. Here, we review the variety of approaches and protocols followed to assess macro‐ and microplastic ingestion in marine vertebrates such as sea turtles, cetaceans and fishes in order to offer a global overview of their current status. The analysis of 112 studies indicates the highest plastic ingestion in organisms collected in the Mediterranean and Northeast Indian Ocean with significant differences among plastic types ingested by different groups of animals, including differences in colour and the type of prevalent polymers. In sea turtles, the most prevalent types of plastics are white plastics (66.60%), fibres (54.54%) and LDPE polymer (39.09%); in cetaceans, white macro‐ and microplastics (38.31%), fibres (79.95%) and PA polymer (49.60%); and in fishes, transparent plastics (45.97%), fibres (66.71%) and polyester polymer (36.20%). Overall, clear fibre microplastics are likely the most predominant types ingested by marine megafauna around the globe.
Cascade of care of people diagnosed with HIV in New Zealand between 2006 and 2017
Authors: McAllister S , van Asten H , Anglemyer A , Crengle S , Zeng J , Raymond N , Handy R , Giola M , Dickson N , Priest P 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesWe estimated the proportion of people reported with HIV in New Zealand between 2006 and 2017, and alive in 2017–2019, who were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and had a suppressed viral load (VL), and explored their associated characteristics.MethodsData were anonymously linked to information on ART and VL within the data collection period (January 2017 to August 2019) using the National Health Index (NHI), Ministry of Health and laboratory datasets, as well as information from clinical specialists. Logistic regression was used to test for associations. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to estimate the range for the key proportions.ResultsOverall, 2355 people were reported with HIV, of whom 116 (5%) had died, 337 (14%) were overseas, and 1701 (72%) were alive in New Zealand; for the remaining 201 (9%) the outcome was unknown. Clinical data were available for 1490 people (87.6%): 1408 (94.5%) were on ART, 11 (< 1%) were not on ART, and for 71 (4.8%) this was unknown. Of those on ART, 1156 (82.1%) had a suppressed VL (< 200 copies/mL), 34 (2.4%) were unsuppressed, and for 218 (15.5%) this was unknown. The estimate of the proportion on ART ranged from 99% to 78%, and those with a suppressed VL ranged from 98% to 78%.ConclusionsAmong people with HIV in New Zealand who are under care, a high proportion were on ART and had suppressed VL. Increasing collection of NHIs and better linkage with laboratory information will reduce the number with unknown information and provide more complete VL results in the future.
Home collection of nasal swabs for detection of influenza in the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation Study
Authors: Malosh Ryan E. , Petrie Joshua G. , Callear Amy P. , Monto Arnold S. , Martin Emily T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCommunity‐based studies of influenza and other respiratory viruses (eg, SARS‐CoV‐2) require laboratory confirmation of infection. During the current COVID‐19 pandemic, social distancing guidelines require alternative data collection in order to protect both research staff and participants. Home‐collected respiratory specimens are less resource‐intensive, can be collected earlier after symptom onset, and provide a low‐contact means of data collection. A prospective, multi‐year, community‐based cohort study is an ideal setting to examine the utility of home‐collected specimens for identification of influenza.MethodsWe describe the feasibility and reliability of home‐collected specimens for the detection of influenza. We collected data and specimens between October 2014 and June 2017 from the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) Study. Cohort participants were asked to collect a nasal swab at home upon onset of acute respiratory illness. Research staff also collected nose and throat swab specimens in the study clinic within 7 days of onset. We estimated agreement using Cohen's kappa and calculated sensitivity and specificity of home‐collected compared to staff‐collected specimens.ResultsWe tested 336 paired staff‐ and home‐collected respiratory specimens for influenza by RT‐PCR; 150 staff‐collected specimens were positive for influenza A/H3N2, 23 for influenza A/H1N1, 14 for influenza B/Victoria, and 31 for influenza B/Yamagata. We found moderate agreement between collection methods for influenza A/H3N2 (0.70) and B/Yamagata (0.69) and high agreement for influenza A/H1N1 (0.87) and B/Victoria (0.86). Sensitivity ranged from 78% to 86% for all influenza types and subtypes. Specificity was high for influenza A/H1N1 and both influenza B lineages with a range from 96% to 100%, and slightly lower for A/H3N2 infections (88%).ConclusionsCollection of nasal swab specimens at home is both feasible and reliable for identification of influenza virus infections.
Structure and disorder in Pb‐Na metasilicate (PbO:Na2O:2SiO2) glasses: A view from high‐resolution 17O solid‐state NMR
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Im , Lee Seoyoung , Kim Eun Jeong , Lee Sung Keun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKnowledge of the structure of lead (Pb)‐bearing silicate glasses, such as degree of polymerization and arrangement among cations, provides improved prospects for understanding their macroscopic properties. Despite the importance, the detailed disorder in Pb‐bearing silicate glasses with varying composition (i.e., Pb/alkali content) has not been systematically explored. Here, we reveal the first unambiguous structural information of PbO‐Na2O‐SiO2 glasses with varying PbO content [i.e., XPbO = PbO/(Na2O + PbO)], which are the fundamental model system for multicomponent Pb‐bearing glasses, using high‐resolution 17O solid‐state NMR. 17O NMR spectra clearly show the resolved multiple oxygen sites, such as Na‐O‐Si, Si‐O‐Si, and [Na,Pb]‐O‐Si. As XPbO increases, the fraction of [Na,Pb]‐O‐Si peak increases markedly at the expanse of substantial reduction in the fraction of Na‐O‐Si/total NBO. This trend indicates the relative predominance of the dissimilar pairs around non‐bridging oxygen (NBO) and, therefore, can be explained well with the pronounced chemical ordering among Na+ and Pb2+. These results confirm that Pb is primarily a network‐modifier in the glasses studied here. Atomic environments around both NBO and BO are affected by the change in Na/Pb ratio, while topological disorder due to cation mixing around NBO is much more prominent in Pb endmember. The structural details of short‐range configurations around oxygen in alkali Pb‐silicate glasses provide atomistic insights for understanding the properties of Pb‐bearing multicomponent silicate glasses.
Development and psychometric testing of the Gerontological Nursing Competence (GeroNursingCom) instrument
Authors: Tohmola Anniina , Saarnio Reetta , Mikkonen Kristina , Kyngäs Helvi , Elo Satu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test an instrument – GeroNursingCom – that measures gerontological nursing competence of nursing students.DesignAn instrument development guided by COSMIN guidelines.MethodThe development and testing of the GeroNursingCom instrument proceeded according to four distinct phases: (a) establishing a theoretical background; (b) testing face and content validity; (c) examining structural validity; and (d) testing internal consistency. The items of instrument were based on a theoretical framework developed from a comprehensive literature review and focus group interviews with experts (N = 27) in spring 2018. Content validity was assessed by nine experts in gerontological nursing, while face validity was tested in a pilot study including 36 nursing students. Structural validity was examined with exploratory factor analysis with 267 nursing students from nine universities of applied sciences. The internal consistency was established with Cronbach's alpha. The data were collected in spring and autumn 2019. The data analysis was conducted with multivariate statistical methods.ResultsThe GeroNursingCom development and testing process yielded an instrument that includes 53 items across 11 factors: (a) appreciative encounters and interactions with older people; (b) medication for older people; (c) nutrition for older people; (d) safe living environment for older people; (e) supporting the functioning of older people; (f) end‐of‐life care; (g) developing one's competencies; (h) supporting an older person's mental well‐being; (i) supporting an older person's sexuality; (j) guiding self‐care among older people; and (k) responding to challenging situations. The instrument was able to explain 66.15% of the total observed variance, while Cronbach's alpha values for individual items varied from 0.75–0.89.ConclusionTheGeroNursingCom instrument can be used to measure gerontological nursing competence among nursing students to improve gerontological nursing education and/or geriatric care.ImpactGraduating nursing students must develop versatile competencies to face the multiple needs of older patients and curriculums need to be further developed to ensure students are prepared for gerontological nursing.
Phenotypic and genetic correlations of beef replacement heifer feeding behaviour, feed intake and feed efficiency with cow performance and lifetime productivity
Authors: Olson Cameron A. , Li Changxi , Block Hushton , McKeown Lisa , Basarab John A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectives were to quantify the phenotypic (rp) and genetic (rg) correlations between early‐life feeding behaviours, dry matter intake, and feed efficiency and measures of cow performance and lifetime productivity traits. Traits were measured on 1,145 crossbred replacement beef heifers and then on cows over parities one to four. Feeding event duration (FD) was phenotypically correlated with cow prebreeding body weight (PBWT; rp 0.29–0.45), cow prebreeding back fat thickness (PBBF; rp 0.35–0.49), progeny weaning weight (WW; rp 0.09–0.31) and progeny birthweight (BW; rp −0.06 to 0.17). Feeding event frequency (FF) was phenotypically correlated with PBBF (rp 0.16–0.30). Dry matter intake (DMI) was phenotypically correlated with PBWT (rp 0.16–0.20) and PBBF (rp −0.22 to −0.05). Feeding event duration was genetically correlated with PBWT (rg 0.38–0.41). Feeding event frequency was genetically correlated with PBWT (rg −0.43 to −0.39). Dry matter intake was genetically correlated with PBWT (rg −0.27 to 0.14). Days in herd (DIH) was phenotypically correlated with FD and DMI (rp = 0.12, 0.20, respectively). Lifetime productivity was phenotypically correlated with FD and FF (rg = 0.25, 0.22, respectively). Calving interval was phenotypically correlated with FD and FF (rp = −0.12, −0.14, respectively) and genetically correlated with FF (rg = −0.41). Due to moderate positive correlations with cow weight, caution would be required in selection to prevent an increase in mature cow size. Use of FF, FD, DMI and a measure of feed efficiency such as residual feed intake adjusted for back fat (RFIFAT) in a balanced selection index is recommended.
Applying learning analytics dashboards based on process‐oriented feedback to improve students' learning effectiveness
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Han Hou 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the development of a technology‐supported environment, it is plausible to provide rich process‐oriented feedback in a timely manner. In this paper, we developed a learning analytics dashboard (LAD) based on process‐oriented feedback in iTutor to offer learners their final scores, sub‐scale reports, and corresponding suggestions on further learning content. We adopted a quasi‐experimental design to investigate the effectiveness of the report on students' learning. Ninety‐four freshman from two classes participated in this research. The two classes were divided into the LAD group and the original analytics report (OAR) based on a product‐oriented feedback group. Before the experiment, all the students took the prior knowledge assessment. After a semester's instruction, all the students took the post‐test of the summative assessment. Results indicated that students in the LAD group experienced better learning effectiveness than students in the OAR group. LAD based on process‐oriented feedback was also effective in improving the skill learning effectiveness of the students with low‐level prior knowledge.
Reproductive ecology of a critically endangered alpine galaxiid
Authors: Allan Hugh , Duncan Richard P. , Unmack Peter , White Duanne , Lintermans Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStocky galaxias Galaxias tantangara is a newly described freshwater fish restricted to a single population, occupying a 3 km reach of a small headwater stream in the upper Murrumbidgee River catchment of south‐eastern Australia. This species is listed as critically endangered under IUCN Red List criteria, and knowledge of the species’ ecology is critical for future conservation efforts to establish additional populations by translocation and captive breeding. This study details the first account of spawning and reproductive ecology of G. tantangara, including reproductive development, timing of spawning and a description of one spawning site. Peak gonadosomatic index was observed in March/April in males and in October in females. Absolute fecundity ranged from 211 oocytes for a 76 mm length to caudal fork (LCF) fish to 810 oocytes for a 100 mm LCF fish. The observation of spent females in mid‐November 2017 and discovery of an egg mass 8 days later suggest that spawning had occurred, and over a relatively short period. Larvae were subsequently detected in monthly electrofishing surveys in December 2017. Findings from this study provide new understanding of existing and future threats to G. tantangara and have important implications for conservation management of not only this species but also other closely related threatened Galaxias species.