bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Health Literacy and Therapy Adherence Levels in the Mealhada Municipality Population
Authors: Luís J , Rocha C , Balteiro J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction In order to ensure self-care, the individual must be able to decide, for example, on the lifestyle to adopt. These capacities and the capacities to take their share of responsibility in public health issues are called health literacy. In the same way, your attitude towards the treatments imposed on you is also crucial to the successful treatment and / or prevention of pathologies. In this case we talk about adherence to therapy.
Objectives To clarify the concepts Health Literacy and Therapy Adherence and identify measurement measures of each concept. In addition to measuring these variables, the study also aimed at investigating the existence of a relationship between health literacy levels and levels of adherence to therapy.
Methodology Through the application of a measurement tool, consisting of three validated instruments, in a pharmacy in the municipality of Mealhada, to 377 individuals residing there. To evaluate the levels of Health Literacy, two tests were applied: HLS-EU-PT (European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire - Portugal) and METER (Medical Term Recognition Test). The first, quite comprehensive and previously applied at European level, of self-perception, and the second more objective. The third measurement instrument used was the MAT (Treatment Adherence Measure) to assess adherence to therapy.
Results 59.2% of individuals from Mealhada County have a problematic or inadequate index of health literacy. Compliance rates correspond to 67.9%. In the sample studied, as regards non-adherents, it is the individuals with limited literacy that present the highest non-adherence rate (HLS-EU-PT 71.1%; METER 61.2%). In each of the three domains assessed by the HLS-EU-PT, in the individuals with adequate levels of literacy, the percentage of adherents is always higher than non-adherents.
Conclusion There is a correlation between health literacy levels and adherence levels. Low levels of health literacy had a negative impact on treatment adherence.
Healthy Cities to Healthy People: a Grid Application to Assess the Potential of Ecosystems Services of Public Urban Green Spaces in Porto, Portugal
Authors: Vidal D , Fernandes C , Viterbo L , Barros N , Maia R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Contemporary cities face multiple socioenvironmental and health challenges that undermine the efforts to promote healthy environments. The 11th goal – Sustainable cities and communities – of United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development states that the presence of nature in cities plays a vital role for its sustainability through public urban green spaces (PUGS) accessible and with quality for all.
Objectives This work describes the application of a grid to evaluate the potential of the ecosystems services (ES) of PUGS.
Methodology The grid was applied in 25 PUGS in the city of Porto, divided into 5 clusters of socioeconomic and environmental deprivation (SED), ranging from very high to very low), and is composed by 6 sections with 37 domains assessed: i) identification; ii) description of the activities; iii) activities that take place; iv) assessment of the environment quality; v) existence of infrastructure and facilities; and vi) security. Dimensions iii, iv, v and vi are filled in the grid by a dichotomous answer: No = 0; Yes = 1. All data calculation and statistical analyses were performed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics vs.25.0. The grid was applied in January 2019 and each PUGS visit lasted 20-25 minutes.
Results The highest total score (33) corresponds to 2 parks located in a low and medium SED clusters. The lowest score (9) corresponds to 2 gardens located in a very high and high SED clusters. The most critical dimension assessed of the PUGS has to do with the activities it offers (Median = 2). On the other hand, the dimension with the highest scores relates to the PUGS environmental quality (Median = 8). Regarding results by SED clusters, it is observed that lowest scores, in all assessed domains, are from PUGS located in high and very high SED clusters.
Conclusion This work presents useful information regarding the importance of promoting PUGS with quality and accessible from all, especially to socioeconomic vulnerable groups, which should be the major goal of public policies designers.
TESty – Typing Easier: an innovate device to characterize blood samples
Authors: Mourato C , Martins D , Teixo R , Mendes F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction In Portugal there are over 130,000 regular donors (2 to 4 blood donations/year), data from 2017. These data lead us to approximately 500,000 donations per year just in Portugal. In addition, we have over 300,000 transfusions per year that may require more than one unit of blood. All of these units, prior to administration, and all patients before a blood transfusion or even a transplant, must be properly classified regarding their blood type. Currently, the standard (tube) technique requires that at least 8 tubes be used per individual and the card, a device widely used today, requires the use of 1,5 per individual. It also requires the purchase of expensive laboratory equipment specifically for this purpose. The complex protocol, requiring access to laboratories with specific equipment without any other use (eg card centrifuges) and need to be performed by professionals specialized healthcare providers are the main disadvantages.
Objectives Our main goal was to develop a new cost effective and efficient device- TESTy which could allow the evaluation of a higher number of samples discarding the need of any supplementary device or equipment.
Methodology A 96-well V-bottom microplate was used as support device. After, an agarose gel and the antibodies serums were soaked in each well according to the specifications of the blood determination test.
Results After a six month evaluation, TESty provide the same results as expected and previously tested with the other two techniques available at the market.
Conclusion TESty can be revolutionary in the science transfusion world once it allows the screening of 12 samples simultaneously and this fact can save time and resources daily in our laboratories and blood banks. Also, for being a cost-effective product, it can be extended to undeveloped countries and contribute to assure the transfusion safety required.
Old-Field Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustrisMill.) Long-Term Growth and Yield Response to Midrotation Fertilization
Authors: Clabo David C , Dickens E David , Moorhead David J 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLongleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is frequently planted on former agricultural fields throughout the southeastern United States. Limited information is available on the long-term growth and yield as well as stem quality of longleaf pine growing on these sites with and without midrotation fertilization. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the growth rates, wood yields, and stem quality of old-field longleaf pine and (2) to quantify growth improvements provided by midrotation fertilization. Study sites were established on former agricultural fields in Screven and Tift County, Georgia in unthinned longleaf pine stands planted during December 1986. Three treatments including a control, single full dose, and split dose of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were applied prior to thinning. Assessments of diameter at breast height, height growth, volume, green weight, and basal area at both sites were conducted at ages 21, 23, 27, 30, and 32. After 32 years, results indicated no statistically significant improvements of any growth parameters compared to the control in relation to midrotation fertilization treatments, and stem defects occurred in approximately 29–35 percent of trees. The fast growth rate and low nutrient demand of longleaf pine on these sites obviate the need for midrotation fertilization.
Mathematical modelling of fungi-initiated siderophore–iron interactions
Authors: Choudhury M Jabed A , Trevelyan Philip M J , Boswell Graeme P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nearly all life forms require iron to survive and function. Microorganisms utilize a number of mechanisms to acquire iron including the production of siderophores, which are organic compounds that combine with ferric iron into forms that are easily absorbed by the microorganism. There has been significant experimental investigation into the role, distribution and function of siderophores in fungi but until now no predictive tools have been developed to qualify or quantify fungi-initiated siderophore–iron interactions. In this investigation, we construct the first mathematical models of siderophore function related to fungi. Initially, a set of partial differential equations are calibrated and integrated numerically to generate quantitative predictions on the spatio-temporal distributions of siderophores and related populations. This model is then reduced to a simpler set of equations that are solved algebraically giving rise to solutions that predict the distributions of siderophores and resultant compounds. These algebraic results require the calculation of zeros of cross products of Bessel functions and thus new algebraic expansions are derived for a variety of different cases that are in agreement with numerically computed values. The results of the modelling are consistent with experimental data while the analysis provides new quantitative predictions on the time scales involved between siderophore production and iron uptake along with how the total amount of iron acquired by the fungus depends on its environment. The implications to bio-technological applications are briefly discussed.
Triage and Transfer to a Regional Burn Center—Impact of a Mobile Phone App
Authors: Carmichael Heather , Dyamenahalli Kiran , Duffy Patrick S , Lambert Wagner Anne , Wiktor Arek J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Telemedicine technology can be used to facilitate consultations from nonburn-trained referring providers. However, there is a paucity of evidence indicating these technologies influence transfer decisions and follow-up care. In 2016, our regional burn center implemented a mobile phone app, which allows a referring provider to send photos of the wound along with basic demographic and clinical data to the burn specialist. A retrospective review was performed on consults to our regional burn center from a Level I trauma center approximately 70 miles away with a shared electronic medical record. Patients were considered to be “down-triaged” if they could be managed locally or if the transfer could occur via personal vehicle instead of ground or air ambulance transport. During the 2-year study period, 126 consultations were made for thermal injuries. Eighty-seven patients (69%) were referred using the Burn App. Overall, 49 patients (39%) were transferred. When the subset of intermediate size (1–10% TBSA) burns were considered (n = 48), the Burn App allowed for successful “down-triage” of 12 patients (33%) referred through the app. No patient referred without the app could be “down-triaged” (P = .02). Although 57 patients (44%) were recommended for outpatient follow-up, only 42% followed up. A mobile app can be used to successfully triage patients with intermediate size burn injuries to a lower acuity of follow-up and transfer mode. However, only a minority of patients triaged to outpatient management actually follow up with a regional burn center. Telemedicine efforts should focus on improving not only initial triage, but also aftercare.
Rare Cancer on the Rise: An Educational Review of Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Mitry Maria A , Sogani Julie , Sutton Elizabeth J , Kumar Priyadarshini , Horwitz Steven , Elmi Azadeh , Patel Sejal N , Gallagher Katherine , Dashevsky Brittany Z , Mango Victoria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBreast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare but increasingly important diagnosis as the incidence of breast implant placement, both elective and reconstructive, continues to rise. When detected and treated early, this indolent disease carries an excellent prognosis. However, because the clinical presentation is often nonspecific, it is crucial for radiologists to accurately identify the imaging findings associated with BIA-ALCL to facilitate a timely diagnosis. This article will provide radiologists with an overview of the diagnosis, imaging findings, and management of BIA-ALCL.
Reputation With Opportunities for Coasting
Authors: Bar-Isaac Heski , Deb Joyee 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Reputation concerns can discipline agents and generate good outcomes. But what if outcomes are not always observed? Infrequent observation can strengthen reputation incentives and encourage effort. By exerting effort when outcomes are more likely observed, an agent can improve her reputation and gain by “coasting” on this reputation by shirking when the audience is less likely to be observing her actions. Opportunities to coast can in fact lead to greater overall effort than constant observation. We consider Markov information structures and characterize the observability structure that maximizes efficient effort.
Consequences of Single-Locus and Tightly Linked Genomic Architectures for Evolutionary Responses to Environmental Change
Authors: Oomen Rebekah A , Kuparinen Anna , Hutchings Jeffrey A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenetic and genomic architectures of traits under selection are key factors influencing evolutionary responses. Yet, knowledge of their impacts has been limited by a widespread assumption that most traits are controlled by unlinked polygenic architectures. Recent advances in genome sequencing and eco-evolutionary modeling are unlocking the potential for integrating genomic information into predictions of population responses to environmental change. Using eco-evolutionary simulations, we demonstrate that hypothetical single-locus control of a life history trait produces highly variable and unpredictable harvesting-induced evolution relative to the classically applied multilocus model. Single-locus control of complex traits is thought to be uncommon, yet blocks of linked genes, such as those associated with some types of structural genomic variation, have emerged as taxonomically widespread phenomena. Inheritance of linked architectures resembles that of single loci, thus enabling single-locus-like modeling of polygenic adaptation. Yet, the number of loci, their effect sizes, and the degree of linkage among them all occur along a continuum. We review how linked architectures are often associated, directly or indirectly, with traits expected to be under selection from anthropogenic stressors and are likely to play a large role in adaptation to environmental disturbance. We suggest using single-locus models to explore evolutionary extremes and uncertainties when the trait architecture is unknown, refining parameters as genomic information becomes available, and explicitly incorporating linkage among loci when possible. By overestimating the complexity (e.g., number of independent loci) of the genomic architecture of traits under selection, we risk underestimating the complexity (e.g., nonlinearity) of their evolutionary dynamics.
Integrated Management of Important Soybean Pathogens of the United States in Changing Climate
Authors: Roth Mitchell G , Webster Richard W , Mueller Daren S , Chilvers Martin I , Faske Travis R , Mathew Febina M , Bradley Carl A , Damicone John P , Kabbage Mehdi , Smith Damon L 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max L.) is a major crop grown in the United States but is susceptible to many diseases that cause significant yield losses each year. Consistent threats exist across both northern and southern production regions and include the soybean cyst nematode, charcoal rot, and seedling diseases. In contrast, significant soybean diseases like Phytophthora stem and root rot, sudden death syndrome, and Sclerotinia stem rot (white mold) are intermittent threats that can be heavily influenced by environmental factors. Additional threats to soybean production that have emerged in recent years as more common problems in soybean production include root-knot and reniform nematodes, frogeye leaf spot, and Diaporthe diseases. Disease in any crop will only occur when the three components of the disease triangle are present: a susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, and a conducive environment. If an environment is becoming more conducive for a particular disease, it is important that farmers and practitioners are prepared to manage the problem. The information in this review was compiled to help assist agriculturalists in being proactive in managing new soybean diseases that may be emerging in new areas. To do this, we provide: 1) an overview of the impact and disease cycle for major soybean diseases currently causing significant yield losses in the United States, 2) a comprehensive review of the current management strategies for each soybean disease, and 3) insights into the epidemiology of each pathogen, including the likelihood of outbreaks and expansion to additional geographic regions based on current trends in climate change.
Bigger, Faster, Stronger: Implications of Inter-Species Interactions for IRM of Lepidopteran Pests of Bt Maize in Africa
Authors: Visser Andri , Van den Berg Johnnie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A hypothetical scenario of mixed populations of Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was used as a model to investigate the potential effects of mixed populations of lepidopteran pests, on the design and implementation of insect resistance management (IRM) strategies for Bt maize (L.) (Poaceae) on smallholder farms in Africa. To predict the structure of such mixed populations in different agroecological zones, the biological and behavioral characteristics that affect the competitiveness of these species were identified and analyzed. Additionally, the validity of the assumptions that underlie the high-dose/refuge strategy was compared among the three species. Differences between the species, and the influence thereof on the choice of IRM strategy for a specific environment, were explored through analysis of three hypothetical scenarios. We suggest that the use of separate refuges as a component of an IRM strategy against mixed pest populations in smallholder Bt maize fields may be unwise. A seed mixture approach, coupled with an effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategy, would be more practical and sensible since it could limit the opportunity for a single species to dominate the species complex. The dynamic interactions in a multi-species community and domination of the species complex by a single species may influence moth and larval response to maize plants, which could lead to an increased infestation of Bt plants, and subsequent increased selection pressure for resistance evolution. This article provides insights into the unique challenges that face the deployment of Bt maize in Africa.
Impella CP for treatment of left ventricular free-wall rupture after myocardial infarction: Report of a case
Authors: Ishikawa Natsuya , Hirofuji Aina , Kunioka Shingo , Shirasaka Tomonori , Wakabayashi Naohiro , Kitani Yuya , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Unloading of the left ventricle (LV) is essential for the treatment of LV free-wall rupture (LVFWR), and it is well-known that the LV can be optimally unloaded with the Impella system. However, there has been no report on applying the Impella system for the treatment of LVFWR. Here, we report a patient with FWR after massive myocardial infarction who was successfully treated with non-suture repair via median sternotomy and implantation of Impella CP (Abiomed, Danvers, MA).
The distances to molecular clouds in the fourth Galactic quadrant
Authors: Chen Bingqiu , Wang Shu , Hou Ligang , Yang Yihong , Li Zhiwen , Zhao He , Jiang Biwei 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Distance measurements to molecular clouds are essential and important. We present directly measured distances to 169 molecular clouds in the fourth quadrant of the Milky Way. Based on the near-infrared photometry from the Two Micron All Sky Survey and the Vista Variables in the Via Lactea Survey, we select red clump stars in the overlapping directions of the individual molecular clouds and infer the bin averaged extinction values and distances to these stars. We track the extinction versus distance profiles of the sightlines towards the clouds and fit them with Gaussian dust distribution models to find the distances to the clouds. We have obtained distances to 169 molecular clouds selected from Rice et al. The clouds range in distances between 2 and 11 kpc from the Sun. The typical internal uncertainties in the distances are less than 5 per cent and the systematic uncertainty is about 7 per cent. The catalogue presented in this work is one of the largest homogeneous catalogues of distant molecular clouds with the direct measurement of distances. Based on the catalogue, we have tested different spiral arm models from the literature.
Clinical trial design in neurofibromatosis type 1 as a model for other tumor predisposition syndromes
Authors: Gross Andrea M , Widemann Brigitte C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Up to 10% of all pediatric cancer patients may have an underlying germline mutation which predisposed them to develop a malignancy. With more patients being tested for and diagnosed with genetic tumor predisposition syndromes, there has been improved characterization of their many nonmalignant manifestations. However, designing and implementing clinical trials to treat the nonmalignant tumor and non-tumor manifestations of these syndromes poses many unique challenges. Unlike trials for malignancies where tumor response and survival can be used as straightforward trial endpoints, the nonmalignant manifestations are often chronic, evolve more slowly over time, and may not be immediately life-threatening. Therefore, they will likely require a different approach to both testing and treatment with a focus on more functional and patient-reported outcome trial endpoints. The recent success of treatment trials for the benign tumors plexiform neurofibromas in the tumor predisposition syndrome neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) can be used as a model for the development of clinical trials in other tumor predisposition syndromes. In this article, we review the unique challenges associated with targeting the nonmalignant aspects of these conditions as well as some of the lessons learned from the NF1 experience which may be applied to other syndromes in the future.