bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttransplant Outcomes in Older Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Are Driven by Non–Hepatocellular Carcinoma Factors
Authors: Adeniji Nia , Arjunan Vinodhini , Prabhakar Vijay , Mannalithara Ajitha , Ghaziani Tara , Ahmed Aijaz , Kwo Paul , Nguyen Mindie , Melcher Marc L. , Busuttil Ronald W. , Florman Sander S. , Haydel Brandy , Ruiz Richard M. , Klintmalm Goran B. , Lee David D. , Burcin Taner C. , Hoteit Maarouf A. , Verna Elizabeth C. , Halazun Karim J. , Tevar Amit D. , Humar Abhinav , Chapman William C. , Vachharajani Neeta , Aucejo Federico , Nydam Trevor L. , Markmann James F. , Mobley Constance , Ghobrial Mark , Langnas Alan N. , Carney Carol A. , Berumen Jennifer , Schnickel Gabriel T. , Sudan Debra L. , Hong Johnny C. , Rana Abbas , Jones Christopher M. , Fishbein Thomas M. , Agopian Vatche , Dhanasekaran Renumathy 
Published: December 2020

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is growing in the United States, especially among the elderly. Older patients are increasingly receiving transplants as a result of HCC, but the impact of advancing age on long‐term posttransplant outcomes is not clear. To study this, we used data from the US Multicenter HCC Transplant Consortium of 4980 patients. We divided the patients into 4 groups by age at transplantation: 18 to 64 years (n = 4001), 65 to 69 years (n = 683), 70 to 74 years (n = 252), and ≥75 years (n = 44). There were no differences in HCC tumor stage, type of bridging locoregional therapy, or explant residual tumor between the groups. Older age was confirmed to be an independent and significant predictor of overall survival even after adjusting for demographic, etiologic, and cancer‐related factors on multivariable analysis. A dose‐response effect of age on survival was observed, with every 5‐year increase in age older than 50 years resulting in an absolute increase of 8.3% in the mortality rate. Competing risk analysis revealed that older patients experienced higher rates of non–HCC‐related mortality (P = 0.004), and not HCC‐related death (P = 0.24). To delineate the precise cause of death, we further analyzed a single‐center cohort of patients who received a transplant as a result of HCC (n = 302). Patients older than 65 years had a higher incidence of de novo cancer (18.1% versus 7.6%; P = 0.006) after transplantation and higher overall cancer‐related mortality (14.3% versus 6.6%; P = 0.03). Even carefully selected elderly patients with HCC have significantly worse posttransplant survival rates, which are mostly driven by non–HCC‐related causes. Minimizing immunosuppression and closer surveillance for de novo cancers can potentially improve the outcomes in elderly patients who received a transplant as a result of HCC.
Diffusion‐PEPTIDE: Distortion‐ and blurring‐free diffusion imaging with self‐navigated motion‐correction and relaxometry capabilities
Authors: Fair Merlin J. , Liao Congyu , Manhard Mary Kate , Setsompop Kawin 
Published: December 2020

PurposeTo implement the time‐resolved relaxometry PEPTIDE technique into a diffusion acquisition to provide self‐navigated, distortion‐ and blurring‐free diffusion imaging that is robust to motion, while simultaneously providing T2 and mapping.Theory and MethodsThe PEPTIDE readout was implemented into a spin‐echo diffusion acquisition, enabling reconstruction of a time‐series of T2‐ and ‐weighted images, free from conventional echo planar imaging (EPI) distortion and blurring, for each diffusion‐encoding. Robustness of PEPTIDE to motion and shot‐to‐shot phase variation was examined through a deliberate motion‐corrupted diffusion experiment. Two diffusion‐relaxometry in vivo brain protocols were also examined: (1)1 × 1 × 3 mm3 across 32 diffusion directions in 20 min, (2)1.5 × 1.5 × 3.0 mm3 across 6 diffusion‐weighted images in 3.4 min. T2, , and diffusion parameter maps were calculated from these data. As initial exploration of the rich diffusion‐relaxometry data content for use in multi‐compartment modeling, PEPTIDE data were acquired of a gadolinium‐doped asparagus phantom. These datasets contained two compartments with different relaxation parameters and different diffusion orientation properties, and T2 relaxation variations across these diffusion directions were explored.ResultsDiffusion‐PEPTIDE showed the capability to provide high quality diffusion images and T2 and maps from both protocols. The reconstructions were distortion‐free, avoided potential resolution losses exceeding 100% in equivalent EPI acquisitions, and showed tolerance to nearly 30° of rotational motion. Expected variation in T2 values as a function of diffusion direction was observed in the two‐compartment asparagus phantom (P < .01), demonstrating potential to explore diffusion‐PEPTIDE data for multi‐compartment modeling.ConclusionsDiffusion‐PEPTIDE provides highly robust diffusion and relaxometry data and offers potential for future applications in diffusion‐relaxometry multi‐compartment modeling.
Results on approximate controllability of neutral integro‐differential stochastic system with state‐dependent delay
Authors: Dineshkumar C. , Udhayakumar R. , Vijayakumar V. , Sooppy Nisar Kottakkaran 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article is mainly focusing on the approximate controllability of neutral integro‐differential stochastic equations with state‐dependent delay. The main results of this article are proved by applying some ideas about the semigroup theory and resolvent operators. At first, the investigation about the existence of a mild solution and then we discuss the approximate controllability of the considered system. Next, we extend our study to the system with non‐local conditions. Finally, a theoretical application is presented for proving the validity of controllability results obtained.
Synthesis and characterization of polymer/V2O5 composites based on poly(2‐aminodiphenylamine)
Authors: Zenasni Mouniya , Quintero‐Jaime Andres , Benyoucef Abdelghani , Benghalem Abderezak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHybrid materials consisting of aniline (ANI) and/or 2‐aminodiphenylamine (PD) in the presence of V2O5 nanoparticles were synthesized by in‐situ chemical oxidative polymerization in one‐step. Physicochemical and electrochemical characterization confirmed that in the structure of the composites, intercalation between the polymer chains and the V2O5 slabs occurs. Optical properties study shows that the optical band gap of poly(ANI‐co‐PD)/V2O5 is lower than poly‐PD/V2O5. Thermal stability of the composites by thermogravimetric analysis was evaluated. Composites showed electrochemical activity with improved electron‐transfer of the redox species in the polymer observed by cyclic voltammetry. These results highlight the great influence of the V2O5 sheets and the polymer composition on the hybrid materials formation and properties.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in UK patients with atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rustem Gulluoglu Fatma , Souverein Patrick C. , van den Ham Hendrika A. , de Boer Anthonius , Komen Joris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared with warfarin in AF patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was designed, using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (August 2011–June 2018). Participants were 1‐year naïve users of DOACs or warfarin, followed from the date of first prescription of an oral anticoagulant until the end of the study period, death, discontinuation of treatment, switching to another anticoagulant, or an outcome of interest, whichever came first. Cox regression analysis was performed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsA total of 8555 patients were identified. No significant differences were found between DOACs and warfarin in the risk of stroke (adjusted HR 1.15; 95% CI 0.82–1.60), ischemic and unspecified stroke (adjusted HR 1.23; 95% CI 0.86–1.76) or haemorrhagic stroke (adjusted HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.30–1.85), and myocardial infarction (adjusted HR 1.39;95% CI 0.99–1.97). DOAC and warfarin users were comparable with respect to risk of major bleed (adjusted HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.68–1.03), intracranial bleeding (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.34–1.30), gastrointestinal bleeding (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.60–1.30), and bleeding on other clinically relevant sites (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.60–1.31). In the subgroup analyses stratified by gender and diabetes severity, the risk for stroke and bleeding remained consistent.ConclusionDOACs are effective and safe alternatives to warfarin for the prevention of stroke in AF patients with T2DM.
Concentration‐QTc Modeling of Ozanimod’s Major Active Metabolites in Adult Healthy Subjects
Authors: Briggs Emily , Chapel Sunny , Zhang Peijin , Palmisano Maria , Tran Jonathan Q. 
Published: December 2020

Ozanimod, approved by regulatory agencies in multiple countries for the treatment of adults with relapsing multiple sclerosis, is a sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, which binds with high affinity selectively to S1P receptor subtypes 1 and 5. The relationships between plasma concentrations of ozanimod and its major active metabolites, CC112273 and CC1084037, and the QTc interval (C‐QTc) from a phase I multiple‐dose study in healthy subjects were analyzed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling. QTc was modeled linearly as the sum of a sex‐related fixed effect, baseline, and concentration‐related random effects that incorporated interindividual and residual variability. Common linear, power, and maximum effect (Emax) functions were assessed for characterizing the relationship of QTc with concentrations. Model goodness‐of‐fit and performance were evaluated by standard diagnostic tools, including a visual predictive check. The placebo‐corrected change from baseline in QTc (ΔΔQTc) was estimated based on the developed C‐QTc model using a nonparametric bootstrapping approach. QTc was better derived using a study‐specific population formula (QTcP). Among the investigated functions, an Emax function most adequately described the relationship of QTcP with concentrations. Separate models for individual analytes characterized the C‐QTcP relationship better than combined analytes models. Attributing QT prolongation independently to CC1084037 or CC112273, the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of the predicted ΔΔQTcP was ~ 4 msec at the plateau of the Emax curves. Therefore, ΔΔQTcP is predicted to remain below 10 msec at the supratherapeutic concentrations of the major active metabolites.
Experiment of torsional response induced by the Q–delta resonance
Authors: Mizutori Fumiya , Kohiyama Masayuki 
Published: December 2020

SummaryBecause of geometric nonlinearities, vibrations in two horizontal directions can generate a torsional moment that induces a torsional response, even in a structure with no eccentricity; we term this phenomenon Q–Δ effect. In this study, the torsional response caused by the Q–Δ resonance was investigated by performing a shaking table test that involves a single‐layer symmetric specimen. The specimen was designed and fabricated by focusing on one of two resonance conditions. Its moment of inertia was adjustable by changing locations of weights, and the natural frequency in the torsional mode could be modified. We developed a numerical model of the specimen, in which the columns connected to the slab were integrated into an elastic Euler beam. It was confirmed that the torsional response increased near the predicted Q–Δ resonance point. In addition, the acceleration at the corner of the slab was significantly increased. The formulated equations of motion provided a better prediction of the actual phenomena. Because the specimen corresponds to a stiff and slender high‐rise building when converted into a full scale, the result suggests a need to be aware of the risk of torsional response increase due to the Q–Δ resonance.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of croplands in expanding West African cities
Authors: Karg Hanna , Drechsel Pay , Dittrich Nicole , Cauchois Angèle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe rapid expansion of cities in West Africa has implications for urban cropland. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of cropland in West African cities over time and space, to identify key drivers, and to report the effects of changing cropland on farmers and farmers’ resilience strategies. Cities studied were Accra (Ghana), Bamako (Mali), Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), and Bamenda (Cameroon). Methodology involved multi‐temporal spatial analysis of satellite images and farmer surveys. Results showed that the share of urban land covered by cropland differed in these cities, with higher shares in Accra and Bamenda, which included rainfed cultivation. Over the past 15 years, Accra has lost large shares of its farming areas, both in the inner‐urban areas as well as in the fringe, whereas loss in Bamenda has been less substantial. In Ouagadougou and Bamako, where only irrigated sites were captured, cropland has shifted to the fringes but increased overall. Key drivers influencing the direction of change were official support of urban farming (or lack thereof), population pressure, and the availability of public open spaces that are not suitable for construction. In cities with decreasing cropland, implications included diminishing individual farm sizes, intensification of remaining sites, cessation of farming in the city, and the shift to other sites, which—apart from the physical availability of land and related resources—depends on social relations and informal rules.
One molecule, two states: Single molecular switch on metallic electrodes
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Sha , Li Jingtai , Su Guirong , Ren Ji‐Chang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe state‐of‐the‐art density functional theory (DFT) has become an essential tool for the investigation and development of molecular electronics at the electronic and atomic level. In this review paper, we show several typical examples to demonstrate that the DFT approaches, combined with nonequilibrium Green's function method, are able to design many prominent molecular switches—the most fundamental component in molecular electronics that can be utilized in information storage and logic gates. We mainly review the progress and important features of four remarkable switches with distinct transition mechanisms: (a) azobenzene‐like switches based on the cis–trans isomerization; (b) diarylethene‐like switches based on open‐closed transition; (c) porphyrin‐like switches based on tautomerizations; and (d) benzene‐like switches based on the physisorbed state and chemisorbed state. Special attentions have been paid on the molecular configuration, switching mechanism, and the role of van der Waals forces between the molecules and the metallic electrodes. We also summarize the avenues to effectively tailor the bistability, reversibility, and transport properties of these systems.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Predicting the ratings of Amazon products using Big Data
Authors: Woo Jongwook , Mishra Monika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to apply several machine learning (ML) models to the massive dataset present in the area of e‐commerce from Amazon to analyze and predict ratings and to recommend products. For this purpose, we have used both traditional and Big Data algorithms. As the Amazon product review dataset is large, we present Big Data architecture suitable massive dataset for storing and computation, which is not possible with the traditional architecture. Furthermore, the dataset contains 15 attributes and has about 7 million records. With the dataset, we develop several models in Oracle Big Data and Azure Cloud Computing services to predict the review rating and recommendation for the items at Amazon. We present a comparative conclusion in terms of the accuracy as well as the efficiency with Spark ML—the Big Data architecture, and Azure ML—the traditional architecture.This article is categorized under:
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining
Technologies > Machine Learning
Technologies > Prediction
On the differential transform method of solving boundary eigenvalue problems: An illustration
Authors: Narayana M. , Shekar M. , Siddheshwar P.G. , Anuraj N.V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe differential transform method (DTM) is a simple technique based on the Taylor series. Applying the DTM, a given linear boundary eigenvalue problem (BEVP) involving ordinary differential equations is converted into a recurrence relation or a system of recurrence relations for the Taylor coefficients. This ultimately leads to the solution of the problem in the form of an infinite power series with an appropriate region of convergence. The present paper aims to apply the DTM in solving a BEVP arising from the Darcy–Brinkman convection in a rectangular box subject to general boundary conditions whose vertical sidewalls are assumed to be impermeable and adiabatic. The non‐dimensional temperature difference between the plates represented by the Darcy–Rayleigh number, the eigenvalue of the problem, is obtained as a function of the width of the Bénard cell ( : b is the horizontal wave number) and other parameters using the DTM. The work includes investigation on the convergence of the series solution. The solution by the DTM is compared with that obtained by the MATLAB bvp4c routine and excellent agreement is found thereby establishing the accuracy of the DTM.
The anxiety and ethanol intake controlling GAL5.1 enhancer is epigenetically modulated by, and controls preference for, high-fat diet
Authors: McEwan Andrew , Erickson Johanna Celene , Davidson Connor , Heijkoop Jenny , Turnbull Yvonne , Delibegovic Mirela , Murgatroyd Christopher , MacKenzie Alasdair 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExcess maternal fat intake and obesity increase offspring susceptibility to conditions such as chronic anxiety and substance abuse. We hypothesised that environmentally modulated DNA methylation changes (5mC/5hmC) in regulatory regions of the genome that modulate mood and consumptive behaviours could contribute to susceptibility to these conditions. We explored the effects of environmental factors on 5mC/5hmC levels within the GAL5.1 enhancer that controls anxiety-related behaviours and alcohol intake. We first observed that 5mC/5hmC levels within the GAL5.1 enhancer differed significantly in different parts of the brain. Moreover, we noted that early life stress had no significant effect of 5mC/5hmC levels within GAL5.1. In contrast, we identified that allowing access of pregnant mothers to high-fat diet (> 60% calories from fat) had a significant effect on 5mC/5hmC levels within GAL5.1 in hypothalamus and amygdala of resulting male offspring. Cell transfection-based studies using GAL5.1 reporter plasmids showed that 5mC has a significant repressive effect on GAL5.1 activity and its response to known stimuli, such as EGR1 transcription factor expression and PKC agonism. Intriguingly, CRISPR-driven disruption of GAL5.1 from the mouse genome, although having negligible effects on metabolism or general appetite, significantly decreased intake of high-fat diet suggesting that GAL5.1, in addition to being epigenetically modulated by high-fat diet, also actively contributes to the consumption of high-fat diet suggesting its involvement in an environmentally influenced regulatory loop. Furthermore, considering that GAL5.1 also controls alcohol preference and anxiety these studies may provide a first glimpse into an epigenetically controlled mechanism that links maternal high-fat diet with transgenerational susceptibility to alcohol abuse and anxiety.
Additional value and new insights by four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging in congenital heart disease: application in neonates and young children
Authors: Geiger Julia , Callaghan Fraser M. , Burkhardt Barbara E. U. , Valsangiacomo Buechel Emanuela R. , Kellenberger Christian J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCardiovascular MRI has become an essential imaging modality in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) in the last 15–20 years. With use of appropriate sequences, it provides important information on cardiovascular anatomy, blood flow and function for initial diagnosis and post-surgical or -interventional monitoring in children. Although considered as more sophisticated and challenging than CT, in particular in neonates and infants, MRI is able to provide information on intra- and extracardiac haemodynamics, in contrast to CT. In recent years, four-dimensional (4-D) flow MRI has emerged as an additional MR technique for retrospective assessment and visualisation of blood flow within the heart and any vessel of interest within the acquired three-dimensional (3-D) volume. Its application in young children requires special adaptations for the smaller vessel size and faster heart rate compared to adolescents or adults. In this article, we provide an overview of 4-D flow MRI in various types of complex CHD in neonates and infants to demonstrate its potential indications and beneficial application for optimised individual cardiovascular assessment. We focus on its application in clinical routine cardiovascular workup and, in addition, show some examples with pathologies other than CHD to highlight that 4-D flow MRI yields new insights in disease understanding and therapy planning. We shortly review the essentials of 4-D flow data acquisition, pre- and post-processing techniques in neonates, infants and young children. Finally, we conclude with some details on accuracy, limitations and pitfalls of the technique.