bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illustrer l’architecture : l’image avec ou contre le texte ?
Authors: Garric Jean-Philippe 
Published: November 2020

La production graphique et la publication de cette production dans des ouvrages ou des revues spécialisées appartient au domaine de l’architecture, faisant des architectes, depuis à Renaissance, de véritables professionnels de l’image, souvent impliqués dans l’édition de leurs propres œuvres comme Palladio, Le Corbusier ou Rem Koolhaas. Cette situation induit des pratiques et des habiletés spécifiques, qui déterminent aussi le domaine de l’histoire de l’architecture, étroitement lié à celui de la pratique. Dans ce domaine où la réalisation des œuvres implique de longs et complexes processus, les représentations graphiques tiennent un rôle particulier depuis le xvi e siècle, qui se reflète dans les travaux historiques. Aujourd’hui la création et le développement de collections et de centres d’archives spécialisés suscitent une attention encore plus grande à la qualité et à la matérialité des documents. Mais le domaine n’échappe pas à une contradiction : les éditions les plus sensibles aux exigences scientifiques des auteurs ne disposant pas toujours des moyens de reproduire correctement les images, tandis que les éditions qui ont cette faculté opposent aux auteurs des impératifs liés au public.
Les images des imprimés de la BNF : comment guider les usagers au sein d’un « eldorado numérique » ?
Authors: Sandras Agnès 
Published: November 2020

La Bibliothèque nationale de France propose aujourd’hui en ligne près de 7 millions de documents numérisés via sa bibliothèque numérique Gallica, et un million via sa banque d’images. Les usagers en quête d’images précises ont toutefois besoin d’être guidés face à un tel Eldorado numérique. Comment repérer les images des imprimés (livres, journaux,…) qui ne sont pas indexées ? Peut-on espérer bientôt que l’Intelligence artificielle permettra de trouver des images sur les thématiques désirées dans la presse et les ouvrages numérisés ? Pourquoi est-il important de « sourcer » correctement les documents que l’on a ainsi découverts et que l’on souhaite réemployer ? Autant de questions auxquelles cet article s’efforce de répondre en suivant le fil rouge des images de Notre-Dame de Paris.
Les nouveaux critères du non-montrable : réflexions sur les stéréotypes racialisants
Authors: Labar Morgan 
Published: November 2020

La Bibliothèque nationale de France propose aujourd’hui en ligne près de 7 millions de documents numérisés via sa bibliothèque numérique Gallica, et un million via sa banque d’images. Les usagers en quête d’images précises ont toutefois besoin d’être guidés face à un tel Eldorado numérique. Comment repérer les images des imprimés (livres, journaux,…) qui ne sont pas indexées ? Peut-on espérer bientôt que l’Intelligence artificielle permettra de trouver des images sur les thématiques désirées dans la presse et les ouvrages numérisés ? Pourquoi est-il important de « sourcer » correctement les documents que l’on a ainsi découverts et que l’on souhaite réemployer ? Autant de questions auxquelles cet article s’efforce de répondre en suivant le fil rouge des images de Notre-Dame de Paris.
Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Radiation-Attenuated and Chemo-Attenuated PfSPZ Vaccines in Equatoguinean Adults
Authors: Jongo Said A. , Urbano Vicente , Church L. W. Preston , Olotu Ally , Manock Stephen R. , Schindler Tobias , Mtoro Ali , KC Natasha , Hamad Ali , Nyakarungu Elizabeth , Mpina Maximillian , Deal Anna , Bijeri José Raso , Ondo Mangue Martin Eka , Ntutumu Pasialo Beltrán Ekua , Nguema Genaro Nsue , Owono Salomon Nguema , Rivas Matilde Riloha , Chemba Mwajuma , Kassim Kamaka R. , James Eric R. , Stabler Thomas C. , Abebe Yonas , Saverino Elizabeth , Sax Julian , Hosch Salome , Tumbo Anneth-Mwasi , Gondwe Linda , Segura J. Luis , Falla Carlos Cortes , Phiri Wonder Philip , Hergott Dianna E. B. , García Guillermo A. , Schwabe Christopher , Maas Carl D. , Murshedkar Tooba , Billingsley Peter F. , Tanner Marcel , Ayekaba Mitoha Ondo’o , Sim B. Kim Lee , Daubenberger Claudia , Richie Thomas L. , Abdulla Salim , Hoffman Stephen L. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTPlasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) Vaccine (radiation-attenuated, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved PfSPZ) and PfSPZ-CVac (infectious, aseptic, purified, cryopreserved PfSPZ administered to subjects taking weekly chloroquine chemoprophylaxis) have shown vaccine efficacies (VEs) of 100% against homologous controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) in nonimmune adults. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite-CVac has never been assessed against CHMI in African vaccinees. We assessed the safety, immunogenicity, and VE against homologous CHMI of three doses of 2.7 × 106 PfSPZ of PfSPZ Vaccine at 8-week intervals and three doses of 1.0 × 105 PfSPZ of PfSPZ-CVac at 4-week intervals with each arm randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and conducted in parallel. There were no differences in solicited adverse events between vaccinees and normal saline controls, or between PfSPZ Vaccine and PfSPZ-CVac recipients during the 6 days after administration of investigational product. However, from days 7–13, PfSPZ-CVac recipients had significantly more AEs, probably because of Pf parasitemia. Antibody responses were 2.9 times higher in PfSPZ Vaccine recipients than PfSPZ-CVac recipients at time of CHMI. Vaccine efficacy at a median of 14 weeks after last PfSPZ-CVac dose was 55% (8 of 13, P = 0.051) and at a median of 15 weeks after last PfSPZ Vaccine dose was 27% (5 of 15, P = 0.32). The higher VE in PfSPZ-CVac recipients of 55% with a 27-fold lower dose was likely a result of later stage parasite maturation in the liver, leading to induction of cellular immunity against a greater quantity and broader array of antigens.
Where Shared Sanitation is the Only Immediate Option: A Research Agenda for Shared Sanitation in Densely Populated Low-Income Urban Settings
Authors: Tidwell James B. , Chipungu Jenala , Ross Ian , Antwi-Agyei Prince , Alam Mahbub-Ul , Tumwebaze Innocent K. , Norman Guy , Cumming Oliver , Simiyu Sheillah 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTShared sanitation is not currently accepted within the international normative definitions of “basic” or “safely managed” sanitation. We argue that pro-poor government strategies and investment plans must include high-quality shared sanitation as an intermediate step in some densely populated urban areas. User experience must be considered in establishing the definition of high quality. We call for additional research on effective interventions to reach these quality standards and for the development of rigorous measures applicable to global monitoring.
Frequencies and results of anti-nuclear, anti-dsDNA and anti-ENA in a tertiary-care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Husain Kanani  , Tahir Hussain  , Tayyaba Talat  , Nida Ghouri  , Admin  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To analyse frequencies and results of anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid and anti-extractable nuclear antigens tests ordered in a tertiary-care hospital.
Method: The retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, and comprised all tests ordered for anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid and anti-extractable nuclear antigens from March 2017 to January 2018. Data was retrieved from the institutional electronic database. The frequencies and results of the tests were determined. Anti-nuclear antibodies test was determined by indirect immunofluorescence, while the other two tests were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patterns emerging from anti-nuclear antibodies tests were also analysed.
Results: Of the 1053 tests ordered, 1000(95%) were for anti-nuclear antibodies.. It was positive in 260(26%) patients, and was repeated in 8(3%) of the positive and 9(1.2%) of the negative patients. Anti-double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid test was ordered in 300(40.5%) and anti-extractable nuclear antigens test in 125(17%) patients who had tested negative for anti-nuclear antibodies. Among those who tested positive for anti-nuclear antibodies, the commonly observed patterns were homogenous 109(41.9%) and speckled 103(39.6%). Rod and ring pattern was seen in 10(3.8%) patients, and none of them was on anti-viral treatment.
Conclusion: There was injudicious and unjustified ordering of auto-antibodies testing, indicating the need for greater physician education and cost-effective protocols.
Key Words: Auto-antibodies, Homogenous, Speckled, Rod and ring pattern, Hepatitis C, Continuous...
Association of miR-146a gene polymorphism and expression levels of its target protein RhoA in Pakistani Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Amena Rahim  , Muhammad Afzal  , Abdul Khaliq Naveed  , Muhammad Naeem  , Admin  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess the association of miR-146a and its target protein RhoA expression levels in breast cancer.
Methods: The case-control study was conducted at Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan, from March 2017 to November 2018, and comprised confirmed breast cancer cases and controls who were matched for age and ethnicity. Genotyping and expression profiling of archived samples was performed. Data was analysed using SPSS 22..
Results: Of the 590 subjects, 295(50%) each were cases and controls. Among the cases, there were 195(66%) Punjabis, 59(20%) Pathans and 41(14%) Kashmiris. The corresponding numbers among the controls were 198(67%), 58(19.7%) and 39(13.2%). The association between genotypes of the cases and controls was significant (p<0.05). Strong association was seen in dominant, recessive and allelic models (p=0.05). In Punjabi group the association was (p<0.00) significant, but this association was not significant in Kashmiri and Pathan groups (p>0.05). No association was found with the receptor status and miR-146a polymorphism.
Conclusion: The miR-146a gene polymorphism rs2910164 G/C was found to have increased susceptibility to breast cancer at genotype and allelic levels.
Key Words: Single nucleotide polymorphism, Breast cancer, miR-146a, RhoA.
Current Landscape of Teaching Diversity in Occupational Therapy Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Grenier Marie-Lyne , Zafran Hiba , Roy Laurence 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Importance: Critical research in health professions education makes clear the role of educational institutions in perpetuating problematic discourses related to diversity, as well as their potential role in dismantling and rebuilding those discourses to reflect the realities of power relations that create systemic injustice.
Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview of current pedagogical practices and educational paradigms used by occupational therapy educators to teach concepts of, and skills for, equity and diversity.
Data Sources: Seven education and health care databases were searched for articles published between 2007 and 2018.
Study Selection and Data Collection: Consensually developed criteria were refined until an agreement rate of &gt;80% was achieved among the authors. Inclusion criteria focused on entry-level occupational therapy education across the world and explicitly examined approaches to teaching diversity. All articles meeting the criteria were kept for full-text review (N = 87).
Findings: Diversity in professional occupational therapy education programs is taught within five main underlying educational paradigms and theories: competency-based (44%), social justice (29%), critical (11%), social accountability (10%), and constructivism (6%). Within these paradigms, 14 key pedagogical practices were applied, with community service learning (37%), international service learning (25%), and didactic or course-based practices (23%) making up the majority of pedagogical practices.
Conclusions and Relevance: Although current occupational therapy research demonstrates a trend toward critical paradigms and practices, problematic cultural competency theories and uncritical international service learning practices continue to dominate occupational therapy education for diversity. Educators should implement pedagogies and approaches within critical educational paradigms.
What This Article Adds: This article highlights the importance to occupational therapy education of attending to coherence across educational ethics, paradigms, and learning outcomes in teaching for diversity and health equity.
The characterization of Taklamakan dust properties using a multiwavelength Raman polarization lidar in Kashi, China
Authors: Hu Qiaoyun , Wang Haofei , Goloub Philippe , Li Zhengqiang , Veselovskii Igor , Podvin Thierry , Li Kaitao , Korenskiy Mikhail 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The Taklamakan desert is an important dust source for the global atmospheric dust budget and a cause of the dust weather in East Asia. The characterization of Taklamakan dust in the source region is still very limited. To fill this gap, the DAO (dust aerosol observation) was conducted in April 2019 in Kashi, China. The Kashi site is about 150 km from the western rim of the Taklamakan desert and is strongly impacted by desert dust aerosols, especially in spring time, i.e., April and May. According to sun–sky photometer measurements, the aerosol optical depth (at 500 nm) varied in the range of 0.07–4.70, and the Ångström exponent (between 440 and 870 nm) in the range of 0.0–0.8 in April 2019. In this study, we provide the first profiling of the 2α+3β+3δ parameters of Taklamakan dust based on a multiwavelength Mie–Raman polarization lidar. For Taklamakan dust, the Ångström exponent related to the extinction coefficient (EAE, between 355 and 532 nm) is about 0.01 ± 0.30, and the lidar ratio is found to be 45 ± 7 sr (51 ± 8–56 ± 8 sr) at 532 (355) nm. The particle linear depolarization ratios (PLDRs) are about 0.28–0.32 ± 0.07 at 355 nm, 0.36 ± 0.05 at 532 nm and 0.31 ± 0.05 at 1064 nm. Both lidar ratios and depolarization ratios are higher than the typical values of Central Asian dust in the literature. The difference is probably linked to the fact that observations in the DAO campaign were collected close to the dust source; therefore, there is a large fraction of coarse-mode and giant particles (radius >20 µm) in the Taklamakan dust. Apart from dust, fine particles coming from local anthropogenic emissions and long-range transported aerosols are also non-negligible aerosol components. The signatures of pollution emerge when dust concentration decreases. The polluted dust (defined by PLDR532≤0.30 and EAE355-532≥0.20) is featured with reduced PLDRs and enhanced EAE355−532 compared to Taklamakan dust. The mean PLDRs of polluted dust generally distributed in the range of 0.20–0.30. Due to the complexity of the nature of the involved pollutants and their mixing state with dust, the lidar ratios exhibit larger variabilities compared to those of dust. The study provides the first reference of novel characteristics of Taklamakan dust measured by Mie–Raman polarization lidar. The data could contribute to complementing the dust model and improving the accuracy of climate modeling.
La actualidad de la historización
Authors: Romero Cuevas José Manuel 
Published: November 2020

The following article intends to show the theoretical and political productivity of the Ellacurian conception of ideology criticism for the current debates of social philosophy. Ellacuría proposes the procedure of concept historization. It intends to make an ideological criticism of the political discourses. It overcomes successfully the problems of the conception of fake consciousness. The article shows the pertinency of this procedure in the current discussion on the normative meaning of economic market after the most recent works of Axel Honneth on social theory. From Ellacuría's proposal it is possible to propose a historization of the concept of market which contrasts its promise with its implementation in the unequal conditions of the Capitalist production regime, It also may demonstrate that such a promise is unrealistic in such conditions, thus, it is ideological.
Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 155, 2020: 67-86
A Case Report of a Novel Harm Reduction Intervention Used to Detect Opioid Overdose in the Emergency Department
Authors: Schreyer Kraftin , Malik Saloni , Blome Andrea , D’Orazio Joseph 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: As over 130 people die daily from opioid overdose in the United States, harm reduction strategies have become increasingly important. Because public restrooms are a common site for opioid overdose, emergency department waiting room restrooms (EDWRR) should be considered especially high-risk areas.

Case Report: We present the case of a patient found after a presumed opioid overdose in our EDWRR. Staff were alerted to his condition by a reverse motion detector (RMD), and rapidly treated him with naloxone.

Conclusion: The RMD is a novel intervention that can save lives and should be considered in EDs with a high incidence of opioid overdose.
The Pandemic Information Gap
Authors: Gans Joshua 
Published: November 2020

Why solving the information problem should be at the core of our pandemic response: essential reading about the long-term implications of our current crisis.
COVID-19 is caused by a virus. The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by a lack of good information. A pandemic is essentially an information problem: this is the enlightening and provocative idea at the heart of this book. If we solve the information problem, argues economist Joshua Gans, we can defeat the virus. For example, when we don't know who is infected, we have to act as if everyone is infected. If we actively manage the information problem—if we know who is infected and with whom they had contact—we can suppress the virus or buy time for vaccine development.
Emphasizing that pandemic-induced economic crises are different from past recessions, Gans maps the phases of the pandemic economy and the information needed at each stage to enable recovery. He argues that we should insulate businesses from failure and workers from job loss, and describes economic policy approaches that would help achieve this. He discusses pandemic communication strategies, privacy and public health information, and methods for handling potential vaccine shortages. To innovate our way out of this crisis, Gans argues, we must think creatively and take the long view. Pandemics may be unpredictable, but they can be planned for, and this book provides a roadmap to do so.
This is an expanded version of an eBook originally published as Economics in the Age of COVID-19.
Increased copy number of syncytin-1 in the trophectoderm is associated with implantation of the blastocyst
Authors: Guo Luyan , Gu Fang , Xu Yan , Zhou Canquan 
Published: November 2020

Background
A key step in embryo implantation is the adhesion to and invasion of the endometrium by the blastocyst trophectoderm. The envelope proteins of HERV-W and -FRD (human endogenous retrovirus-W and -FRD), syncytin-1 and syncytin-2, are mainly distributed in the placenta, and play important roles in the development of the placenta. The placenta originates from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst. It is unclear whether the envelope proteins of HERV-W and -FRD have an effect on the development of the trophectoderm and whether they have any association with the implantation of the blastocyst.

Methods
The whole-genome amplification products of the human blastocyst trophectoderm were used to measure the copy number of syncytin-1 and syncytin-2 using real time qPCR. In addition, clinical data associated with the outcome of pregnancies was collected, and included age, body mass index (BMI), basic follicle stimulating hormone(bFSH), rate of primary infertility and oligo-astheno-teratospermia, the thickness of the endometrium on the day of endometrial transformation, the levels of estrogen and progestin on the transfer day, the days and the morphological scores of the blastocysts. The expression of mRNA and the copy numbers of syncytin-1 and syncytin-2 in H1 stem cells, and in differentiated H1 cells, induced by BMP4, were measured using real time qPCR.

Results
The relative copy number of syncytin-1 in the pregnant group (median: 424%, quartile: 232%–463%, p < 0.05) was significantly higher than in the non-pregnant group (median: 100%, quartile: 81%–163%). There was a correlation (rs = 0.681, p < 0.001) between the copy number of syncytin-1 and blastocyst implantation after embryo transfer. As the stem cells differentiated, the expression of NANOG mRNA decreased, and the expression of caudal type homeobox 2(CDX2) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) mRNAs increased. Compared to the undifferentiated cells, the relative expression of the syncytin-1 mRNA was 1.63 (quartile: 0.59–6.37, p > 0.05), 3.36 (quartile: 0.85–14.80, p > 0.05), 10.85 (quartile: 3.39–24.46, p < 0.05) and 67.81 (quartile: 54.07–85.48, p < 0.05) on day 1, 3, 5 and 7, respectively, after the differentiation. The relative expression of syncytin-2 was 5.34 (quartile: 4.50–10.30), 7.90 (quartile: 2.46–14.01), 57.44 (quartile: 38.35–103.87) and 344.76 (quartile: 267.72–440.10) on day 1, 3, 5 and 7, respectively, after the differentiation (p < 0.05). The copy number of syncytin-1 increased significantly during differentiation.

Conclusion
Preceding the transfer of frozen embryos, the increased copy number of syncytin-1 in the blastocyst trophectoderm was associated with good outcomes of pregnancies.
Different analysis strategies of 16S rRNA gene data from rodent studies generate contrasting views of gut bacterial communities associated with diet, health and obesity
Authors: Garcia-Mazcorro Jose F. , Kawas Jorge R. , Licona Cassani Cuauhtemoc , Mertens-Talcott Susanne , Noratto Giuliana 
Published: November 2020

Background
One of the main functions of diet is to nurture the gut microbiota and this relationship affects the health of the host. However, different analysis strategies can generate different views on the relative abundance of each microbial taxon, which can affect our conclusions about the significance of diet to gut health in lean and obese subjects. Here we explored the impact of using different analysis strategies to study the gut microbiota in a context of diet, health and obesity.

Methods
Over 15 million 16S rRNA gene sequences from published studies involving dietary interventions in obese laboratory rodents were analyzed. Three strategies were used to assign the 16S sequences to Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) based on the GreenGenes reference OTU sequence files clustered at 97% and 99% similarity.

Results
Different strategies to select OTUs influenced the relative abundance of all bacterial taxa, but the magnitude of this phenomenon showed a strong study effect. Different taxa showed up to 20% difference in relative abundance within the same study, depending on the analysis strategy. Very few OTUs were shared among the samples. ANOSIM test on unweighted UniFrac distances showed that study, sequencing technique, animal model, and dietary treatment (in that order) were the most important factors explaining the differences in bacterial communities. Except for obesity status, the contribution of diet and other factors to explain the variability in bacterial communities was lower when using weighted UniFrac distances. Predicted functional profile and high-level phenotypes of the microbiota showed that each study was associated with unique features and patterns.

Conclusions
The results confirm previous findings showing a strong study effect on gut microbial composition and raise concerns about the impact of analysis strategies on the membership and composition of the gut microbiota. This study may be helpful to guide future research aiming to investigate the relationship between diet, health, and the gut microbiota.