bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the March Arctic Oscillation on the South China Sea summer monsoon onset
Authors: Hu Peng , Chen Wen , Chen Shangfeng , Liu Yuyun , Wang Lin , Huang Ruping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study reveals that the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset is closely linked to the preceding March Arctic oscillation (AO), the dominant mode of atmospheric circulation over extratropical Northern Hemisphere. The physical processes for the impact of the March AO on the SCSSM onset are further examined. March AO leads to an anomalous low‐level cyclone over subtropical western North Pacific (WNP) via eddy–mean flow interaction. The southwesterly wind anomalies to the southeastern side of the anomalous cyclone weaken the climatological trade winds, which contribute to warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over tropical western‐central North Pacific via reduction of surface evaporation and latent heat flux. These warm SST anomalies excite an atmospheric Rossby wave response and reinforce the anomalous cyclone over the subtropical WNP. Via the above positive atmosphere–ocean interaction, the anomalous cyclone induced by the March AO could persist through the whole spring and shift equatorward. This anomalous cyclone creates favourable environment for the SCSSM onset via weakening the WNP subtropical high and is conducive to the transition of the low‐level zonal wind. Further analysis indicates that the March AO‐SCSSM onset relationship is independent of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This result suggests that, besides the dominant tropical system (i.e., ENSO), interannual variation of the SCSSM onset also has a close relation with the dominant extratropical atmospheric system (i.e., AO), which may provide additional source for the seasonal prediction of the monsoon onset.
Vinegar from Anacardium othonianum Rizzini using submerged fermentation
Authors: da Rocha Neves Glenda A , Machado Adriana R , Santana Jeisa F , da Costa Dayane C , Antoniosi Filho Nelson R , Viana Leticia F , Silva Fabiano G , Spinosa Wilma A , Soares Junior Manoel S , Caliari Márcio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnacardium othonianum Rizzini is a native Cerrado fruit, recently described in the literature. Its use is restricted to its native region and there is a lack of studies regarding production of vinegar from the pulp. This work aims to investigate the production of A. othonianum Rizzini vinegar using submerged fermentation.RESULTSThe density, alcohol content, proximal composition, pH, color coordinates, and chromatographic profile of the volatile compounds were analyzed in the slurry, fermented juice, and vinegar produced from the corpulent parts of A. othonianum Rizz. Sensory acceptance and willingness to pay were also assessed with vinegar at 4% and 6% of total acidity. The results indicated compliance with European legislation and the presence of volatile compounds such as carbon dioxide, acetic acid, ethanol, and acetaldehyde in the analyzed vinegars. Our results indicate the potential of vinegar production from A. othonianum, with 74% and 86% willingness to pay.CONCLUSIONSThe process of transformation of the fruit pulp into new products can contribute to fruit valorization and consequent preservation of the plant in the Cerrado biome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of volatile compounds and minerals in A. othonianum Rizz. slurry. Our observations can be used as a basis for future studies regarding the preparation of vinegars from this species and for investigating their application in cooking and guiding consumer perception. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Ibuprofen‐Loaded Poly(Lactic Acid) Electrospun Mats: The Morphology, Physicochemical Performance, and In Vitro Drug Release Behavior
Authors: Sun Chenkai , Zou Liming , Xu Yongjing , Wang Yanli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo solve the problems of limited drug solubility and poor biodistribution with polymers in drug delivery system, ibuprofen (IBU) is chosen to prepare IBU‐loaded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) micro‐fibrous mats via electrospinning. Distinguished from the previous studies, a lower toxic binary solvent dichloromethane/ethanol (DCM/EtOH, v/v = 8/2) is used to successfully fabricate PLA/IBU electrospun mats with outstanding properties. In order to further evaluate the effects of IBU content on PLA, there are characterization methods employed as follows: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and UV–vis spectrophotometer. The results show that IBU can be physically and uniformly distributed both on the surface and inside of PLA fibers. Compared with pure PLA mats, the crystallinity and mechanical properties of PLA/IBU electrospun mats has significantly improved. Meanwhile, in vitro drug release behavior demonstrates that with the increasing content of IBU, the rate of IBU release has increasingly improved. Particularly, the release behavior of PLA/IBU mats exhibited best with 20% IBU content, and the release amount reached 74.3% at the end of 240 h. Considering all these features, PLA/IBU electrospun mats have the potential to be used in the fields of wound dressing and drug delivery.
Prenatal features, associated co‐morbidities and clinical course of agenesis of the ductus venosus in the current era
Authors: McBrien Angela , Caluseriu Oana , Niederhoffer Karen Y , Hornberger Lisa K 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesAgenesis of the ductus venosus (ADV) has been associated with additional anomalies in up to 83% of cases. We sought to investigate characteristics, co‐morbidities and outcomes of ADV in the current era. We hypothesized that rates of cardiac and non‐cardiac diagnoses and survival would be higher, due to advances in genetic testing, prenatal diagnosis and surveillance.MethodsA retrospective series of cases diagnosed at our institution from 2007 to 2018 were identified by searching our database. Cardiac and obstetric charts were reviewed for cardiac and extra‐cardiac anomalies, genetic results and outcomes.ResultsFourteen cases were diagnosed at a mean gestational age of 23.9 weeks (range 13‐33). All had associated genetic, cardiac or extra‐cardiac anomalies. Eight (57%) had cardiac anomalies and one other developed cardiomyopathy by 6 months. Extra‐cardiac anomalies were present in 93% (13/14) and genetic diagnoses made in 75% (6/8) of those tested. Cardiac output Z‐scores were >2 in 60% (6/10) prior to delivery. Two had hydrops, there was one intra‐uterine death, 13 live‐births and two neonatal deaths.ConclusionOur cohort had more associated diagnoses and a lower mortality than previously reported. In our experience, high output occurs frequently, however with a relatively low risk of hydrops and intrauterine death.
Augmented Hückel molecular orbital model ofπ‐electron systems: fromtopologytometric. II. Hydrocarbon and carbon molecules
Authors: Stolarczyk Leszek Z. , Krygowski T. Marek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the previous paper (paper I, this issue), we described in detail the augmented Hückel molecular orbital (AugHMO) model of theπ‐electron systems and its computational realizations: the Hückel‐Su‐Schrieffer‐Heeger (HSSH) method and the Hückel‐Longuet‐Higgins‐Salem (HLHS) method. This methodology transforms the topological data (corresponding to the topological matrix of the HMO model) into the “metric output”—the equilibrium bond lengths of a given molecule.In the present paper, we focus on theπ‐electron hydrocarbon and carbon molecules, for which the HMO model is a purely topological model. The necessary empirical parameters of the HSSH and HLHS methods are derived from the experimental C–C bond lengths of ethylene, benzene, and butadiene. As a byproduct, some new insights will be provided into the problem ofπ‐electron delocalization versus bond‐length alternation in butadiene.We then perform the HSSH and HLHS calculations of the C–C bond lengths in severalπ‐electron hydrocarbon and carbon molecules (including polyacetylene, fullerene C60, and graphene). The comparison of the calculated bond lengths with the experimental data and also with the ab initio results by the Hartree‐Fock and the Kohn‐Sham methods (the latter in the B3LYP version) is made. In general, it is demonstrated that the HSSH and HLHS results (which almost coincide) are quite close to the experimental values, and, in general, are no worse than the B3LYP results.
Central breathing abnormalities in children with trisomy 21: Effect of age, sex, and concomitant OSA
Authors: Naime Samira , Weiss Miriam , Lew Jenny , Aziz Julia , Pan Qi , Allen Michelle , Xuchen Xilei , Weinstock Jered , Nino Gustavo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrisomy 21 (TS21) is a condition with a high risk for sleep apnea. In the pediatric population, the risk also includes central breathing disorders. The aim of this study was to define the clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of central apnea in infants, children, and adolescents with TS21.MethodsRetrospective review of baseline polysomnograms (PSGs) in children with TS21 in the sleep center at Children's National Medical Center in Washington DC.ResultsWe included a total of 158 infants, children, and adolescents (0–18 years) with TS21 in this study. The median age was 4.82 years and 62% were male. The primary findings of the study are that (1) 12% of all pediatric subjects with TS21 included had a central apnea index (CAI) > 2/h; (2) the proportion of TS21 individuals with central breathing abnormalities progressively decreased with age being common in young individuals (≤2 years of age) but rare after 10 years of age; (3) additional sleep breathing disturbances (e.g., OSA and/or hypoxemia) are often present in children with TS21 and central apnea; and (4) the prevalence of central breathing abnormalities in TS21 is influenced by sex, being more likely to persist beyond early childhood (>2 years of age) in females than in males.ConclusionCentral breathing abnormalities are common in TS21 among young children (≤2 years of age) and in females older than 2 years of age. Central apnea is often associated with concomitant obstructive sleep apnea and/or hypoxemia in children with TS21.
The Human Protein Atlas—Spatial localization of the human proteome in health and disease
Authors: Digre Andreas , Lindskog Cecilia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor a complete understanding of a system's processes and each protein's role in health and disease, it is essential to study protein expression with a spatial resolution, as the exact location of proteins at tissue, cellular, or subcellular levels is tightly linked to protein function. The Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project is a large‐scale initiative aiming at mapping the entire human proteome using antibody‐based proteomics and integration of various other omics technologies. The publicly available knowledge resource www.proteinatlas.org is one of the world's most visited biological databases and has been extensively updated during the last few years. The current version is divided into six main sections, each focusing on particular aspects of the human proteome: (a) the Tissue Atlas showing the distribution of proteins across all major tissues and organs in the human body; (b) the Cell Atlas showing the subcellular localization of proteins in single cells; (c) the Pathology Atlas showing the impact of protein levels on survival of patients with cancer; (d) the Blood Atlas showing the expression profiles of blood cells and actively secreted proteins; (e) the Brain Atlas showing the distribution of proteins in human, mouse, and pig brain; and (f) the Metabolic Atlas showing the involvement of proteins in human metabolism. The HPA constitutes an important resource for further understanding of human biology, and the publicly available datasets hold much promise for integration with other emerging efforts focusing on single cell analyses, both at transcriptomic and proteomic level.
Study of the TEAD‐binding domain of the YAP protein from animal species
Authors: Mesrouze Yannick , Bokhovchuk Fedir , Meyerhofer Marco , Zimmermann Catherine , Fontana Patrizia , Erdmann Dirk , Chène Patrick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a central role in the control of organ size in animals, is well conserved in metazoans. The most downstream elements of this pathway are the TEAD transcription factors that are regulated by their association with the transcriptional coactivator YAP. Therefore, the creation of the binding interface that ensures the formation of the YAP:TEAD complex is a critical molecular recognition event essential for the development/survival of many living organisms. In this report, using the available structural information on the YAP:TEAD complex, we study the TEAD‐binding domain of YAP from different animal species. This analysis of more than 400 amino acid sequences reveals that the residues from YAP involved in the formation of the two main contact regions with TEAD are very well conserved. Therefore, the binding interface between YAP and TEAD, as found in humans, probably appeared at an early evolutionary stage in metazoans. We find that, in contrast to most other animal species, several Actinopterygii species possess YAP variants with a different TEAD‐binding domain. However, these variants bind to TEAD with a similar affinity. Our studies show that the protein identified as a YAP homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans does not contain the TEAD‐binding domain found in YAP of other metazoans. Finally, we do not identify in non‐metazoan species, amino acid sequences containing both a TEAD‐binding domain, as in metazoan YAP, and WW domain(s).
Assessment of the information theory approach to evaluatingtime‐to‐eventsurrogate and true endpoints in a meta‐analytic setting
Authors: Dimier Natalie , Todd Susan 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYIn many disease areas, commonly used long‐term clinical endpoints are becoming increasingly difficult to implement due to long follow‐up times and/or increased costs. Shorter‐term surrogate endpoints are urgently needed to expedite drug development, the evaluation of which requires robust and reliable statistical methodology to drive meaningful clinical conclusions about the strength of relationship with the true long‐term endpoint. This paper uses a simulation study to explore one such previously proposed method, based on information theory, for evaluation of time to event surrogate and long‐term endpoints, including the first examination within a meta‐analytic setting of multiple clinical trials with such endpoints. The performance of the information theory method is examined for various scenarios including different dependence structures, surrogate endpoints, censoring mechanisms, treatment effects, trial and sample sizes, and for surrogate and true endpoints with a natural time‐ordering. Results allow us to conclude that, contrary to some findings in the literature, the approach provides estimates of surrogacy that may be substantially lower than the true relationship between surrogate and true endpoints, and rarely reach a level that would enable confidence in the strength of a given surrogate endpoint. As a result, care is needed in the assessment of time to event surrogate and true endpoints based only on this methodology.
What matters more for entrepreneurship success? A meta‐analysis comparing general mental ability and emotional intelligence in entrepreneurial settings
Authors: Allen Jared S. , Stevenson Regan M. , O'Boyle Ernest H. , Seibert Scott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryUsing meta‐analysis, we investigate the extent to which General Mental Ability (GMA) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) predict entrepreneurial success. Based on 65,826 observations, we find that both GMA and EI matter for success, but that the size of the relationship is more than twice as large for EI. Our study contradicts and adds important contextual nuance to previous meta‐analyses on performance in traditional workplace settings, where GMA is considered to be more critical than EI. We also contribute to the literature on cognitive and emotional intelligence in entrepreneurship.Managerial SummaryWhile previous studies have shown General Mental Ability (GMA, cognitive intelligence) to be more important for success compared to Emotional Intelligence (EI) in traditional workplace settings, we theorize that EI will be more important in entrepreneurial contexts. Entrepreneurship is an extreme setting with distinct emotional and social demands relative to many other organizational settings. Moreover, managing an entrepreneurial business has been described as an “emotional rollercoaster.” Thus, on a relative basis we expected EI to matter more in entrepreneurial contexts and explore this assumption using a meta‐analysis of 65,826 observations. We find that both GMA and EI matter for entrepreneurial success, but that the size of the relationship is more than twice as large for EI.
Human pluripotent stem cell‐derived lung organoids: Potential applications in development and disease modeling
Authors: Tian Lu , Gao Jinghui , Garcia Irving M. , Chen Huanhuan Joyce , Castaldi Alessandra , Chen Ya‐Wen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe pulmonary system is comprised of two main compartments, airways and alveolar space. Their tissue and cellular complexity ensure lung function and protection from external agents, for example, virus. Two‐dimensional (2D) in vitro systems and animal models have been largely employed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying human lung development, physiology, and pathogenesis. However, neither of these models accurately recapitulate the human lung environment and cellular crosstalk. More recently, human‐derived three‐dimensional (3D) models have been generated allowing for a deeper understanding of cell‐to‐cell communication. However, the availability and accessibility of primary human cell sources from which generate the 2D and 3D models may be limited. In the past few years, protocols have been developed to successfully employ human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and differentiate them toward pulmonary fate in vitro. In the present review, we discuss the advantages and pitfalls of hPSC‐derived lung 2D and 3D models, including the main characteristics and potentials for these models and their current and future applications for modeling development and diseases. Lung organoids currently represent the closest model to the human pulmonary system. We further focus on the applications of lung organoids for the study of human diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, infectious diseases, and lung cancer. Finally, we discuss the present limitations and potential future applications of 3D lung organoids.This article is categorized under:
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Disease
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion
Education Reform in Ontario: Building Capacity Through Collaboration
Authors: Boyd Taylor 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The education system of the province of Ontario, Canada ranks among the best in the world and has been touted as a model of excellence for other countries seeking to improve their education system. In a system-wide reform, leaders used a political and professional perspective to improve student performance on basic academic skills. The school system rose to renown after this reform which moved Ontario from a “good” system in 2000 to a “great” one between 2003 and 2010 (Mourshed M, Chijioke C, Barber M. How the world’s most improved school systems keep getting better, a report McKinsey & Company. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/social-sector/our-insights/how-the-worlds-most-improved-school-systems-keep-getting-better, (2010)). Premier Dalton McGuinty arrived in office in 2003 with education as his priority and was dubbed the “Education Premier” because of this mandate. His plan for reform had two primary goals: to improve student literacy and numeracy, and to increase secondary school graduation rates. McGuinty also wanted to rebuild public trust that had been damaged under the previous administration. The essential element of Ontario’s approach to education reform was allowing educators to develop their own plans for improvement. Giving responsibility and freedom to educators was critical in improving professional norms and accountability among teachers (Mourshed M, Chijioke C, Barber M. How the world’s most improved school systems keep getting better, a report McKinsey & Company. Retrieved from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/social-sector/our-insights/how-the-worlds-most-improved-school-systems-keep-getting-better, (2010)) and the sustained political leadership throughout the entire reform concluding in 2013 provided an extended trajectory for implementing and adjusting learning initiatives. The Ministry of Education’s Student Achievement Division, which was responsible for designing and implementing strategies for student success, took a flexible “learning as we go” attitude in which the reform strategy adapted and improved over time (Directions Evidence and Policy Research Group. The Ontario student achievement division student success strategy evidence of improvement study. Retrieved from http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/research/EvidenceOfImprovementStudy.pdf, (2014)).
This chapter will discuss influences on the reform design and key components of strategies to support student and teacher development and build a relationship of accountability and trust among teachers, the government and the public. The successes and shortcomings of this reform will be discussed in the context of their role in creating a foundation for the province’s next steps towards fostering twenty-first century competencies in classrooms.
2013 Mexico’s Education Reform: A Multi-dimensional Analysis
Authors: Islas Paul Moch , Calef Anne K. , Aparicio Cristina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe 2013 education reform to Mexico’s education system had two main goals, one explicit, to improve the quality of education and one implicit, to reassert federal authority over the education sector. Beginning with institutional and political mechanisms that introduced evaluations to the teaching profession, the reform sought a shift in Mexican educational culture.This chapter will begin by analyzing Mexico in international and domestic contexts to understand the urgency of the reform. It will then use Reimers (2020b and 2020c) five perspectives on education change to analyze the reform and evaluate the sequence in which it was implemented. The chapter concludes by outlining the results of the reform to date and summarizing the relationship between the five perspectives. Ultimately, we argue that the initial deprioritization of technical aspects, including pedagogical and curricular ones, stymied the cultural shift towards an educational model grounded in twenty-first century competencies that the reform sought. When coupled with a limited political cycle and uneven implementation at a state level, the reform’s sequence left little time for full implementation of its more pedagogical aspects, such as the new education model, and ultimately faced dramatic reprisal from the new presidential administration.