bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between self‐esteem and perceived social support in burn patients in Sina Hospital of Tabriz
Authors: Gorbani Azam , Rezaiee Moradali Monireh , Shabanloei Reza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimVisible scars and damage to self‐esteem make it difficult to endure difficult conditions and have some detrimental psychological and physical consequences for patients with burns. Social support plays an important role in enhancing the mental image and self‐esteem of burn patients in the rehabilitation stages of burn patients. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived social support and self‐esteem in burn patients referred to Sina Hospital in Tabriz in 2019–2018.DesignDescriptive correlational study.MethodsIn this descriptive correlational study, 120 patients with different degrees of burn were selected using the convenience sampling method. After obtaining validity and reliability, the data were collected using demographic questionnaires, Rosenberg self‐esteem and Zimet Multi‐dimensional Perceived Social Support. Then, they were analysed using descriptive and analytical tests and SPSS software.ResultsThere was a positive and significant correlation between the main variables of the research (p < .001, r = 0.288). Duration of hospitalization, percentage of burns and education were effective factors in self‐esteem (p < .005). Based on the findings, more support for burn patients will increase patients' self‐esteem and greater adaptation, as well as a better return to their lives in the rehabilitation phase.
Dielectric, vibrational and thermal properties of sisal fibers‐reinforced poly (lactic acid)
Authors: Haddar Nouha , Ghorbel Nouha , Omri Mohamed Amine , Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa , Siengchin Suchart , Kallel Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe dielectric spectroscopy (DS), the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements were performed on a poly(lactic acid) matrix reinforced by sisal fibers with different weight fractions (10% and 20%). The obtained dielectric spectra of the neat PLA and the PLA/sisal bio‐composites covered a wide frequency range (from 10−1 to 106 Hz) and a temperature domain varying from 20°C to 140°C as it serves to investigate the polymer dynamics and the interfacial properties. The DSC analysis, the SEM micrographs and the FTIR spectra were executed to determine the characteristic temperatures, the degree of crystallinity and the interaction between poly(lactic acid) and sisal fibers. The DS showed different relaxations: the β relaxation, α process and the conduction phenomenon in the PLA matrix. Furthermore, the incorporation of sisal fiber generates additional relaxation processes known as the water polarization and the Maxwell‐Wagner‐Sillars (MWS) interfacial polarization. The PLA/sisal fiber interface properties were investigated through the calculation of the strength parameters ∆εMWS as well as the activation energy using the Havriliak‐Negami model.
Systematic evaluation of the efficacy‐effectiveness gap of systemic treatments in extensive disease small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cramer‐van der Welle Christine M. , Schramel Franz M. N. H. , Peters Bas J. M. , van Putten John W. G. , Klungel Olaf H. , Groen Harry J. M. , van de Garde Ewoudt M. W. ,   the Santeon SCLC Study Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to assess how clinical outcomes in real‐world (effectiveness) correspond to the outcomes in clinical trials (efficacy) of systemic treatments for extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED SCLC).MethodsAll patients diagnosed with ED SCLC between 2008 and 2014 in six Dutch large teaching hospitals (Santeon network) were identified and followed‐up from date of diagnosis until death or end of data collection. For every patient, an efficacy‐effectiveness factor (EE factor) was calculated by dividing individual patients' overall survival (OS) by the pooled median OS assessed from clinical trials with the respective treatment.ResultsFrom 792 diagnosed patients, 568 (72%) started with first‐line treatment. Overall, the median EE factor was 0.79 (P < .001 from 1.00). Poor performance status (ECOG≥2) and a higher age at diagnosis (age ≥ 65 years) were independent predictors for a lower EE factor. The EE gap was 43% in patients with both age ≥ 65 years and ECOG ≥2 (EE factor 0.57). The mean age and the proportion of patients with ECOG≥2 in real‐world were different from those in clinical trials (mean age of 66 versus 62 years, and ECOG≥2 25% versus 17%; both P < .001).ConclusionOS of patients with ED SCLC treated with systemic therapy in real‐world practice is 21% shorter than for patients included in trials. Age at diagnosis and performance status partly explain this gap.
Initial opioid prescription patterns and the risk of ongoing use and adverse outcomes
Authors: Gomes Tara , Campbell Tonya , Tadrous Mina , Mamdani Muhammad M. , Paterson J. Michael , Juurlink David N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeAs clinical practice moves towards more judicious opioid prescribing, physicians require information on how to safely initiate opioids. The objective of this study was to examine the association between initial opioid prescription characteristics and risks of harm and long‐term use.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study among Ontario residents newly dispensed an opioid for pain between July 2013 and March 2016. The primary exposure was the average daily opioid dose dispensed at initiation (in milligram morphine equivalents; MME), with secondary exposures including the initial prescription's duration and formulation. The primary outcome was fatal or non‐fatal opioid overdose. A secondary analysis studied continued opioid use for at least 1 year.ResultsAmong the 2 021 371 individuals meeting our inclusion criteria, 1121 (0.56 per 1000 person‐years) experienced an opioid overdose within 1 year and 64 013 (3.17%) continued treatment for at least 1 year. Higher initial daily dose, longer prescription duration, and receipt of a long‐acting formulation at initiation were significantly associated with higher hazard of overdose. Compared to daily doses of 20 MME or lower, initial doses exceeding 200 MME daily were associated with a particularly high hazard of overdose (aHR 2.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62 to 5.44). In the secondary analysis, there were similar associations between initial dose, duration, and formulation and long‐term use.ConclusionsAlthough the absolute risk of an opioid overdose within the first year of prescription opioid use is low, better alignment of opioid initiation practices with guidelines may reduce opioid‐related harm.
Representative identification of spectra and environments (RISE) using k‐means
Authors: Looney Erin E. , Liu Zhe , Classen Andrej , Liu Haohui , Riedel Nicholas , Braga Marília , Balaji Pradeep , Augusto André , Buonassisi Tonio , Marius Peters Ian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpectral differences affect solar cell performance, an effect that is especially visible when comparing different solar cell technologies. To reproduce the impact of varying spectra on solar cell performance in the lab, a unique classification of spectra is needed, which is currently missing in literature. The most commonly used classification, average photon energy (APE), is not unique, and a single APE value may represent various spectra depending on location. In this work, we propose a classification method based on an iterative use of the k‐means clustering algorithm. We call this method RISE (Representative Identification of Spectra and the Environment). We define a set of 18 spectra using RISE and reproduce the spectral impact on energy yield for various solar cell technologies and locations. We explore effects on yield for commercially available solar cell technologies (Si and CdTe) in four locations: Singapore (fully humid equatorial climate), Colorado (cold arid), Brazil (warm, humid, and subtropical), and Denmark (fully humid warm temperature). We then reduce our findings to practice by implementing the spectrum set into an LED current–voltage (IV) tester. We verify our performance predictions using our set of representative spectra to reproduce energy yield differences between Si solar cells and CdTe solar cells with an average error of less than 1.5 ± 0.5% as compared to over 5% when using standard testing conditions.
Characterization of polyoxometalate/polymer photo‐composites: A toolbox for the photodegradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Ghali Mariem , Brahmi Chaima , Benltifa Mahmoud , Vaulot Cyril , Airoudj Aissam , Fioux Philippe , Dumur Frédéric , Simonnet‐Jégat Corine , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Jellali Salah , Bousselmi Latifa , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDifferent inorganic/organic photocomposites based on polyoxometalate (POM) nanoparticles have been developed for photocatalytic applications. Currently, polyoxometalate nanoparticles have been successfully in‐situ embedded into an acrylate polymer network by photopolymerization upon mild visible light irradiation at 405 nm. The proposed POM/polymer photocomposites have been characterized using complementary techniques for a better understanding of their photocatalytic activity. Interestingly, the obtained photocomposites exhibit high rigidity, excellent thermal stability, a non‐negligible porosity and new functionalities such as light reactivity and redox properties. Moreover, developed composites showed efficient catalytic activity for the color removal of aqueous solutions of erythrosine and rose Bengal under Light Emitting Diodes LED@375 nm irradiation reaching 80 and 90% as a final color removal, respectively.
Calcofluor white hypersensitive proteins contribute to stress tolerance and pathogenicity in entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridum
Authors: Su Xueling , Yan Xi , Chen Xing , Guo Mei , Xia Yuxian , Cao Yueqing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFungal cell wall integrity is vital for fungal pathogenesis and stress tolerance. Calcofluor white (CFW), a cell wall perturbing agent, inhibits fungal growth by binding chitin in the cell wall. The roles of CFW sensitive proteins remain insufficiently understood in pathogenic fungi.RESULTSWe investigated two calcofluor white hypersensitive proteins, MaCwh1 and MaCwh43, in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum. Both Green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐tagged MaCwh1 and MaCwh43 localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results showed that the ΔMacwh1 and ΔMacwh43 mutants were more sensitive to CFW and ultraviolet irradiation stress compared to wild‐type and complement strains. ΔMacwh1 had a stronger sensitivity to these stresses than ΔMacwh43. Both ΔMacwh1 and ΔMacwh43 mutants showed smoother cell wall surface, and drastically reduced chitin and mannose glycoprotein level in the cell wall and glycerol level in conidia compared to wild type. Insect bioassay showed significantly attenuated virulence for both ΔMacwh1 and ΔMacwh43 mutants with impaired ability in penetrating the host cuticle. RNA‐Seq analysis revealed that a large number of genes presumably involved in cell wall construction and modification, pathogenicity and stress response were down‐regulated in both ΔMacwh1 and ΔMacwh43 mutants.CONCLUSIONSThese findings demonstrate that both Macwh1 and Macwh43 affect the fungal cell wall ultrastructure and contribute to the stress tolerance and pest control potential in M. acrdium. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Reduced insecticide susceptibility of the wheat aphid Sitobion miscanthi after infection by the secondary bacterial symbiont Hamiltonella defensa
Authors: Li Qian , Sun JingXuan , Qin YaoGuo , Fan Jia , Zhang Yong , Tan XiaoLing , Hou MaoLin , Chen JuLian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacterial symbionts in insects, especially aphids, have a major influence on host adaptation. We previously showed that infection with the secondary symbiont Hamiltonella defensa increases the fitness of the wheat aphid Sitobion miscanthi, yielding increases in fitness parameters such as adult weight and offspring number. However, whether H. defensa affects the sensitivity of host aphids to insecticides remains unknown.RESULTSWe tested the effects of H. defensa on host aphid susceptibility to the insecticides chlorpyrifos methyl, imidacloprid, cyantraniliprole and acetamiprid. Our results showed that compared with Hamiltonella‐free aphid clones, Hamiltonella‐infected aphid clones exhibited lower sensitivity to most of the tested insecticides at low concentrations. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the density of H. defensa in the infected clones was slightly decreased at 24 h but then sharply increased until the late stage after treatment with the different insecticides. H. defensa in the host aphids was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and was localized to the aphid hindgut. Levels of the detoxification enzymes acetylcholinesterase, glutathione transferase and carboxylesterase were significantly higher in Hamiltonella‐infected clones than in Hamiltonella‐free clones.CONCLUSIONSThe findings indicated that infection with H. defensa reduced aphid susceptibility to the investigated insecticides at low concentrations, potentially by increasing detoxification enzyme activity in the host. Therefore, symbiont‐mediated insecticide resistance should be taken into account when performing resistance‐monitoring studies. Studies of symbiont‐mediated insecticide resistance may enhance our understanding of the emergence of insecticide resistance in agricultural systems. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Quality Assessment of Lactoferrin in some Marketed Nutraceuticals Derived from Milk using Validated Analytical Methods
Authors: Mohamed Hadeer G. , Al‐Ghobashy Medhat A. , Fouad Mervat A. , Zaazaa Hala S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, lactoferrin has received great attention for its nutritional and immunological uses. As minor element its inclusion in milk with other milk proteins hindered its direct determination. So downstream purification of lactoferrin from skimmed milk was optimized using vacuum driven approach. The purity of lactoferrin was monitored using gel electrophoresis along with validated RP‐HPLC and SE‐HPLC assays. Factors affecting lactoferrin during milk processing, handling and storage were also investigated. These methods were applicable on various products in Egyptian market to withdraw our attention towards careful monitoring during in‐process quality control which showed deleterious reactions affecting of the milk proteins during processing causing significant denaturation so as to track concentration, purity and stability of lactoferrin.
Revealing and Attenuating the Electrostatic Properties of Tubulin and Its Polymers
Authors: Kalra Aarat P. , Patel Sahil D. , Eakins Boden B. , Riddell Saralyn , Kumar Pawan , Winter Philip , Preto Jordane , Carlson Kris W. , Lewis John D. , Rezania Vahid , Tuszyński Jack A. , Shankar Karthik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTubulin is an electrostatically negative protein that forms cylindrical polymers termed microtubules, which are crucial for a variety of intracellular roles. Exploiting the electrostatic behavior of tubulin and microtubules within functional microfluidic and optoelectronic devices is limited due to the lack of understanding of tubulin behavior as a function of solvent composition. This work displays the tunability of tubulin surface charge using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for the first time. Increasing the DMSO volume fractions leads to the lowering of tubulin's negative surface charge, eventually causing it to become positive in solutions >80% DMSO. As determined by electrophoretic mobility measurements, this change in surface charge is directionally reversible, i.e., permitting control between −1.5 and + 0.2 cm2 (V s)−1. When usually negative microtubules are exposed to these conditions, the positively charged tubulin forms tubulin sheets and aggregates, as revealed by an electrophoretic transport assay. Fluorescence‐based experiments also indicate that tubulin sheets and aggregates colocalize with negatively charged g‐C3N4 sheets while microtubules do not, further verifying the presence of a positive surface charge. This study illustrates that tubulin and its polymers, in addition to being mechanically robust, are also electrically tunable.
Electrolyte‐Free Spectroscopy and Imaging of Graphite Intercalation
Authors: Stark Madeline S. , Cheng Judy , Kim Hailey , Kuntz Kaci L. , Warren Scott C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEngineering electrode materials for optoelectronic and energy storage applications requires a fundamental understanding of intercalation using spatially‐resolved techniques. However, spectroscopic methods can have limited spatial resolution and low intensity since the signal passes through electrolyte. Here, a device geometry is presented in which the electrolyte is laterally separated from the area probed spectroscopically, so that the signal does not pass through the electrolyte. This geometry enables us to visualize ion transport with optical microscopy and monitor charge transfer with Raman and visible reflectance spectroscopies. In addition, vibrational changes are probed in the mid‐IR, a region previously difficult to access due to electrolyte absorption. This geometry will allow many layered electrodes to be probed in situ using time‐ and spatially‐resolved techniques, including photon and electron spectroscopies.
Interface Inversion: A Promising Strategy to Configure Ultrafine Nanoparticles over Graphene for Fast Sodium Storage
Authors: Wang Zhao , Yu Chang , Zhao Changtai , Guo Wei , Yu Jinhe , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDue to the merits of high activity and rapid reaction kinetics, ultrafine nanoparticles loaded on conductive scaffolds are of great potential in energy‐related fields. Usually, the nucleation and uniform growth of these active nanoparticles in high density on scaffolds is governed by the local ion concentration gradient and nucleation sites at the interfaces. On account of this, a novel interface‐inverting strategy is developed to modulate the diffusion of metal ions toward the nucleation sites, leading to the tuned growth of ultrafine nanoparticles anchored on graphene. Typically, the Ni(OH)2 deposited on graphene initially enables the interface inverting from oil–water–solid consisting of liquid paraffin (LP), water, and GO to water–oil–solid, finally resulting in LP‐enveloped Ni(OH)2/GO structure. In response, the inert‐infiltrated LP layer inhibits the solubility and diffusion of nickel ions, which functions to modulate the growth and aggregation of adjacent nanoparticles. As a demonstration, the phosphorized Ni2P@C/G as anode in sodium‐ion capacitor can deliver a high energy density of 54 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 23 kW kg−1 yet with a remarkable rate performance due to the surface‐enhanced energy storage and fast Na+ transport enabled by the tuned surface/interface.
Ethical consumerism: Veganism
Authors: Beck Valentin , Ladwig Bernd 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, we review an array of positions in the contemporary literature that concern the moral reasons for vegan consumerism. We situate veganism within the broader field of ethical consumerism, present a variety of motivations and justifications for veganism, and discuss criticisms of vegan consumerism. The arguments presented in the article ultimately pertain to the question of whether concerns for animals, human rights, or climate justice entail strong moral reasons to adopt a vegan lifestyle. Additionally, we address issues of particular relevance for political philosophy, such as whether organized vegan consumer campaigns are a politically legitimate means to strive for structural change. We hope to show that there are anthropocentric, as well as animal‐centered, reasons that speak in favor of radically reformed human–animal relations, including diets that are at least predominantly plant‐based.This article is categorized under:Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Ethics and Climate Change
Spatially modulated and supersymmetric mass deformations of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Arav Igal , Cheung K. C. Matthew , Gauntlett Jerome P. , Roberts Matthew M. , Rosen Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study mass deformations of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4, d = 4 SYM theory that are spatially modulated in one spatial dimension and preserve some residual supersymmetry. We focus on generalisations of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1∗ theories and show that it is also possible, for suitably chosen supersymmetric masses, to preserve d = 3 conformal symmetry associated with a co-dimension one interface. Holographic solutions can be constructed using D = 5 theories of gravity that arise from consistent truncations of SO(6) gauged supergravity and hence type IIB supergravity. For the mass deformations that preserve d = 3 superconformal symmetry we construct a rich set of Janus solutions of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory which have the same coupling constant on either side of the interface. Limiting classes of these solutions give rise to RG interface solutions with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM on one side of the interface and the Leigh-Strassler (LS) SCFT on the other, and also to a Janus solution for the LS theory. Another limiting solution is a new supersymmetric AdS4× S1× S5 solution of type IIB supergravity.
Spontaneous breaking of U(1) symmetry in coupled complex SYK models
Authors: Klebanov Igor R. , Milekhin Alexey , Tarnopolsky Grigory , Zhao Wenli 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As shown in [1], two copies of the large N Majorana SYK model can produce spontaneous breaking of a Z2 symmetry when they are coupled by appropriate quartic terms. In this paper we similarly study two copies of the complex SYK model coupled by a quartic term preserving the U(1) × U(1) symmetry. We also present a tensor counterpart of this coupled model. When the coefficient α of the quartic term lies in a certain range, the coupled large N theory is nearly conformal. We calculate the scaling dimensions of fermion bilinear operators as functions of α. We show that the operator $$ {c}_{1i}^{\dagger }{c}_{2i} $$

c

1
i

†

c

2
i

, which is charged under the axial U(1) symmetry, acquires a complex dimension outside of the line of fixed points. We derive the large N Dyson-Schwinger equations and show that, outside the fixed line, this U(1) symmetry is spontaneously broken at low temperatures because this operator acquires an expectation value. We support these findings by exact diagonalizations extrapolated to large N.
Generalized planar Feynman diagrams: collections
Authors: Borges Francisco , Cachazo Freddy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tree-level Feynman diagrams in a cubic scalar theory can be given a metric such that each edge has a length. The space of metric trees is made out of orthants joined where a tree degenerates. Here we restrict to planar trees since each degeneration of a tree leads to a single planar neighbor. Amplitudes are computed as an integral over the space of metrics where edge lengths are Schwinger parameters. In this work we propose that a natural generalization of Feynman diagrams is provided by what are known as metric tree arrangements. These are collections of metric trees subject to a compatibility condition on the metrics. We introduce the notion of planar col lections of Feynman diagrams and argue that using planarity one can generate all planar collections starting from any one. Moreover, we identify a canonical initial collection for all n. Generalized k = 3 biadjoint amplitudes, introduced by Early, Guevara, Mizera, and one of the authors, are easily computed as an integral over the space of metrics of planar collections of Feynman diagrams.