bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Gender in the Transition to Driving Cessation in Persons With Dementia
Authors: Yamin Stephanie , Manoiu Roxana , Naglie Gary , Sanford Sarah , Stasiulis Elaine , Vrkljan Brenda , Rapoport Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Driving often provides a sense of independence, quality of life and emotional wellbeing. For older adults living with dementia, driving cessation eventually becomes inevitable. Driving cessation has been shown to negatively impact older adults’ mobility and, consequently, quality of life. Caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) who have ceased driving are also impacted as they often become responsible for meeting the mobility needs of PWD and they provide emotional support in respect to this significant life transition. To date, there is little information on the role of gender in the transition to driving cessation in PWD. The purpose of this study was to examine the role that gender plays among drivers and ex-drivers with dementia from the perspectives of PWD, their caregivers, and healthcare practitioners. Secondary thematic analyses were conducted from a pre-existing sample of persons with dementia (N=10), family caregivers (N=13), and healthcare practitioners (N=6) who participated in interviews and focus groups about their experiences around driving cessation in the context of dementia. Data analyses involved an inductive thematic technique that allowed for generating themes. The main themes identified gender differences as a significant factor in: (1) difficulty accepting driving cessation (2) driving as it is tied to identity, (3) emotional responses to driving cessation, (4) driving as part of the caregiving role. The findings suggest that there is a need for tailored interventions for men and women who lose their ability to drive, in addressing their unique emotional responses and in supporting them through this important life transition.
Associations Between Self-Esteem With Diverse Deleterious Mental Health Outcomes Among Older Adults
Authors: Pifer Marissa , Segal Daniel , Marty Meghan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research suggests meaningful relationships between self-esteem and various deleterious mental health outcomes. However, these relationships are less well understood in older adults, where age-specific models of self-esteem are lacking. In this study, older adult participants (N = 284, M age = 73.3 years) anonymously completed a series of questionnaires as part of a larger battery. Measures examined for this study included the Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale (SISE), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Three-Item Loneliness Scale (3LS), Sense of Belonging Inventory – Psychological Subscale (SOBI-P), and the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS). A multiple regression was conducted to examine how these mental health variables predict self-esteem. The model explained a significant 39% of the variance in self-esteem, F (5,234) = 29.68, p &lt; .001, with two significant predictors. Specifically, lower scores on the PHQ-9 (β = -3.06, p &lt; .01) predicted higher scores on the SISE, whereas higher scores SOBI-P (β = .27, p &lt; .01) predicted higher scores on the SISE. Scores on the 3LS (β = -.09), BHS (β = -.03), and GAS (β = -.03) did not emerge as significant predictors in the model. Results from this study indicate that lower depression and higher sense of belonging have unique contributions to self-esteem for older adults, controlling for the shared variance from other mental health variables, such as loneliness, hopelessness, and anxiety. Although causality was not assessed, future prospective studies should examine whether interventions focusing on reducing depression or increasing feelings of belongingness enhance self-esteem for older individuals.
Perceived Cognitive Ability in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Vietnam Era Veterans
Authors: Hilgeman Michelle , Blosnich John , Cypel Yasmin , Akhtar Fatema , Schneiderman Aaron , Ishii Erick , Fried Dennis , Davey Victoria 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) Veterans report stress (e.g., discrimination under Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policies) and mental health conditions (e.g., depression) that may increase risk for neurocognitive changes like dementia. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) can be an early indicator of neurocognitive change – yet no known studies have examined SCD in LGB Veterans. Cross-sectional data from the Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study (VE-HEROeS) were examined for 260 LGB and 17,796 heterosexual Veterans. VE-HEROeS is the latest probability-based survey of Vietnam Era Veterans (1961–1975) as older adults (2016-2017). SCD was assessed using two subscales of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Instrument Version-3 (FACT-Cog). Good reliability was observed in this sample: Cronbach’s alpha =.94 for the 7-item Perceived Cognitive Abilities subscale and .88 for the 4-item Comments from Others. Analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design. LGB Veterans were slightly younger (M=68.3, range 59-84) than heterosexual Veterans (M=69.1, range 58-99, p=.03); were more likely to be female (13% vs 3%, p&lt;.01); and had fewer people living in the household (M=1.7 vs. M=2.1, p&lt;.01). LGB Veterans were also more likely than heterosexual Veterans to report feeling depressed most or all of the time over the past 30 days (5.7% vs. 3.6%, respectively, p&lt;0.01) on a single 5-point Likert-scale. SCD indicators did not vary by Veteran sexual orientation (M=19.69 and M=19.69; M=14.2 and M=14.1) and were elevated compared to published studies in healthy adult samples. More work is needed to examine neurocognitive risk factors in aging LGB Veterans.
Majorization and Spherical Functions
Authors: McSwiggen Colin , Novak Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we generalize a result of Cuttler, Greene, Skandera, and Sra that characterizes the majorization order on Young diagrams in terms of nonnegative specializations of Schur polynomials. More precisely, we introduce a generalized notion of majorization associated to an arbitrary crystallographic root system $\Phi $ and show that it admits a natural characterization in terms of the values of spherical functions on any Riemannian symmetric space with restricted root system $\Phi .$ We also conjecture a further generalization of this theorem in terms of Heckman–Opdam hypergeometric functions.
Gut microbiota and systemic immunity in health and disease
Authors: Lo Bernard C , Chen Grace Y , Núñez Gabriel , Caruso Roberta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that have co-evolved with the host in a symbiotic relationship. Although the influence of the gut microbiota on intestinal physiology and immunity is well known, mounting evidence suggests a key role for intestinal symbionts in controlling immune cell responses and development outside the gut. Although the underlying mechanisms by which the gut symbionts influence systemic immune responses remain poorly understood, there is evidence for both direct and indirect effects. In addition, the gut microbiota can contribute to immune responses associated with diseases outside the intestine. Understanding the complex interactions between the gut microbiota and the host is thus of fundamental importance to understand both immunity and human health.
A Longitudinal Study of the Epidemiology of Seasonal Coronaviruses in an African Birth Cohort
Authors: Nicol Mark P , MacGinty Rae , Workman Lesley , Stadler Jacob A M , Myer Landon , Allen Veronica , Ah Tow Edries Lemese , Zar Heather J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Since non-epidemic, seasonal human coronaviruses (sHCoV) commonly infect children, an improved understanding of the epidemiology of these infections may offer insights into the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2. We investigated the epidemiology of sHCoV infection during the first year of life, including risk factors and association with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).

Methods
We conducted a nested case-control study of infants enrolled in a birth cohort near Cape Town, South Africa, from 2012 to 2015. LRTI surveillance was implemented, and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected fortnightly over infancy. Quantitative PCR detected respiratory pathogens, including coronaviruses-229E, -NL63, -OC43, and -HKU1. Swabs were tested from infants at the time of LRTI and from the 90 days prior as well as from age-matched control infants from the cohort over the equivalent period.

Results
In total, 885 infants were included, among whom 464 LRTI events occurred. Of the 4751 samples tested for sHCoV, 9% tested positive, with HCoV-NL63 the most common. Seasonal HCoV detection was associated with LRTI; this association was strongest for coronavirus-OC43, which was also found in all sHCoV-associated hospitalizations. Birth in winter was associated with sHCoV-LRTI, but there were no clear seasonal differences in detection. Co-detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae was weakly associated with sHCoV-LRTI (odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 0.9-3.6); detection of other respiratory viruses or bacteria was not associated with sHCoV status.

Conclusions
Seasonal HCoV infections were common and associated with LRTI, particularly sHCoV-OC43, which is most closely related to the SARS group of coronaviruses. Interactions of coronaviruses with bacteria in the pathogenesis of LRTI require further study.
Refugee and Asylum-Seeking Representative Structures in South Africa: The case study of Somali, Congolese, and Ethiopian communities
Authors: Dinbabo M F , Zembe Y , Carciotto S , Chiwarawara K , Belebema M , Ahmed M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding and identifying the functions, roles, responsibilities, accountability, and decision-making processes within the representative structures of any community is important. Yet, most of the existing studies in South Africa do not provide sufficient knowledge or insights about the representative structures and communities of refugees and asylum-seeking populations in the country. In general, there is inadequate discussion on the topic in the literature. This research focused on the representative and protection structures that are available to Somali, Ethiopian, and Congolese refugees and asylum seekers in the urban centres of Cape Town, Durban, Port Elizabeth, Johannesburg, Pretoria, and Musina. Within this overarching objective, indicators such as leadership, legitimacy, representation, management skills, networks/partnerships, accountability, transparency, and effectiveness were used to gather information regarding refugees and asylum-seeking representative structures. This empirical research also has provided a detailed description of the manner in which refugee-led organizations, associations and self-help groups.
Isolated perforated jejunal diverticulitis: a case report
Authors: Duggan William P , Ravi Akshaya , Chaudhry Muhammad A , Ofori-Kuma Felix , Ivanovski Ivan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Jejunal diverticulosis is a rare phenomenon often identified either incidentally on imaging or intra-operatively. Complications of jejunal diverticulosis are associated with high rates of mortality. For this reason, it remains important that this pathology is considered amongst differentials for an acute abdomen. A 78-year old gentleman presented with a short history of generalized lower abdominal pain. Computer tomography scan revealed a large inflammatory abscess relating to a perforated jejunal diverticulum. The patient was taken to theatre where he underwent small bowel resection with primary anastomosis. Early cross sectional imaging is vital to allow early diagnosis and prompt management of this pathology. Small bowel resection with primary anastomosis was associated with an excellent clinical outcome.
Isometric scaling to model water transport in conifer tree rings across time and environments
Authors: Sviderskaya Irina V , Vaganov Eugene A , Fonti Marina V , Fonti Patrick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe hydraulic properties of xylem determine the ability of plants to efficiently and safely provide water to their leaves. These properties are key to understanding plant responses to environmental conditions and evaluating their fate under a rapidly changing climate. However, their assessment is hindered by the challenges of quantifying basic hydraulic components such as bordered pits and tracheids. Here, we use isometric scaling between tracheids and pit morphology to merge partial hydraulic models of the tracheid component and to upscale these properties to the tree-ring level in conifers. Our new model output is first cross-validated with the literature and then applied to cell anatomical measurements from Larix sibirica tree rings formed under harsh conditions in southern Siberia to quantify the intra- and inter-annual variability in hydraulic properties. The model provides a means of assessing how different-sized tracheid components contribute to the hydraulic properties of the ring. Upscaled results indicate that natural inter- and intra-ring anatomical variations have a substantial impact on the tree’s hydraulic properties. Our model facilitates the assessment of important xylem functional attributes because it requires only the more accessible measures of cross-sectional tracheid size. This approach, if applied to dated tree rings, provides a novel way to investigate xylem structure–function relationships across time and environmental conditions.
Molecular regulation of plant developmental transitions and plant architecture via PEPB family proteins: an update on mechanism of action
Authors: Zhu Yang , Klasfeld Samantha , Wagner Doris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis year marks the 100th anniversary of the experiments by Garner and Allard that showed that plants measure the duration of the night and day (the photoperiod) to time flowering. This discovery led to the identification of Flowering Locus T (FT) in Arabidopsis and Heading Date 3a (Hd3a) in rice as a mobile signal that promotes flowering in tissues distal to the site of cue perception. FT/Hd3a belong to the family of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs). Collectively, these proteins control plant developmental transitions and plant architecture. Several excellent recent reviews have focused on the roles of PEBPs in diverse plant species; here we will primarily highlight recent advances that enhance our understanding of the mechanism of action of PEBPs and discuss critical open questions.
Feedback hyperjump
Authors: Aguilera Juan P , Lubarsky Robert S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Feedback is oracle computability when the oracle consists exactly of the con- and divergence information about computability relative to that same oracle. Here we study two possible feedback hyperjumps and characterize each of them as the complete $\varSigma _1$ set relative to a level of Gödel’s constructible hierarchy $L$.
Focal-ratio degradation (FRD) mitigation in a multimode fibre link using mode-selective photonic lanterns
Authors: Benoît Aurélien , Yerolatsitis Stephanos , Harrington Kerrianne , Birks Tim A , Thomson Robert R 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a new way to mitigate focal-ratio degradation (FRD) when using optical fibres to transport multimode light. Our approach exploits a custom multicore fibre (MCF) with six dissimilar cores that are single-mode at ∼1550 nm wavelength and minimally coupled over 7 m. We fabricated adiabatic mode-selective photonic lanterns (PLs) at each end of the MCF to create a fibre link with multimode ports, the PLs coupling each spatial mode of the multimode ports to a specific core of the MCF and vice versa. The PL-MCF-PL link exhibits superior FRD behaviour compared to a conventional multimode fibre that also supports six modes, because it inhibits the transfer of light from lower order modes to higher order modes. These results open up a potential powerful new approach to mitigate FRD in multimode fibre links, with particular applications in astronomical instruments.
Simulation-based inference of dynamical galaxy cluster masses with 3D convolutional neural networks
Authors: Kodi Ramanah Doogesh , Wojtak Radosław , Arendse Nikki 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTWe present a simulation-based inference framework using a convolutional neural network to infer dynamical masses of galaxy clusters from their observed 3D projected phase-space distribution, which consists of the projected galaxy positions in the sky and their line-of-sight velocities. By formulating the mass estimation problem within this simulation-based inference framework, we are able to quantify the uncertainties on the inferred masses in a straightforward and robust way. We generate a realistic mock catalogue emulating the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Legacy spectroscopic observations (the main galaxy sample) for redshifts z ≲ 0.09 and explicitly illustrate the challenges posed by interloper (non-member) galaxies for cluster mass estimation from actual observations. Our approach constitutes the first optimal machine learning-based exploitation of the information content of the full 3D projected phase-space distribution, including both the virialized and infall cluster regions, for the inference of dynamical cluster masses. We also present, for the first time, the application of a simulation-based inference machinery to obtain dynamical masses of around 800 galaxy clusters found in the SDSS Legacy Survey, and show that the resulting mass estimates are consistent with mass measurements from the literature.
Asteroseismology of SZ Lyn using multiband high time resolution photometry from ground and space
Authors: Adassuriya J , Ganesh S , Gutiérrez J L , Handler G , Joshi Santosh , Jayaratne K P S C , Baliyan K S 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the analysis of high temporal resolution ground- and space-based photometric observations of SZ Lyncis, a binary star one of whose components is a high amplitude δ Scuti. UBVR photometric observations were obtained from Mt. Abu Infrared Observatory and Fairborn Observatory; archival observations from the WASP project were also included. Furthermore, the continuous, high-quality light curve from the TESS project was extensively used for the analysis. The well resolved light curve from TESS reveals the presence of 23 frequencies with four independent modes, 13 harmonics of the main pulsation frequency of 8.296943 ± 0.000002 d−1, and their combinations. The frequency 8.296 d−1 is identified as the fundamental radial mode by amplitude ratio method and using the estimated pulsation constant. The frequencies 14.535, 32.620, and 4.584 d−1 are newly discovered for SZ Lyn. Out of these three, 14.535 and 32.620 d−1 are identified as non-radial lower order p modes and 4.584 d−1 could be an indication of a g mode in a δ Scuti star. As a result of frequency determination and mode identification, the physical parameters of SZ Lyn were revised by optimizations of stellar pulsation models with the observed frequencies. The theoretical models correspond to 7500 K ≤ Teff ≤ 7800 K and log(g) = 3.81 ± 0.06. The mass of SZ Lyn was estimated to be close to 1.7–2.0 M⊙ using evolutionary sequences. The period–density relation estimates a mean density (ρ) of 0.1054 ± 0.0016 g cm−3.
The effect of environment on Type Ia supernovae in the Dark Energy Survey three-year cosmological sample
Authors: Kelsey L , Sullivan M , Smith M , Wiseman P , Brout D , Davis T M , Frohmaier C , Galbany L , Grayling M , Gutiérrez C P , Hinton S R , Kessler R , Lidman C , Möller A , Sako M , Scolnic D , Uddin S A , Vincenzi M , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Allam S , Annis J , Avila S , Bacon D , Bertin E , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Desai S , Diehl H T , Doel P , Everett S , Ferrero I , Ferté A , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , García-Bellido J , Gerdes D W , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kim A G , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Lima M , Marshall J L , Martini P , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Morgan R , Ogando R L C , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas A A , Romer A K , Sánchez C , Sanchez E , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Suchyta E , Tarle G , Thomas D , To C , Varga T N , Walker A R , Wilkinson R D ,   DES Collaboration
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Analyses of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have found puzzling correlations between their standardized luminosities and host galaxy properties: SNe Ia in high-mass, passive hosts appear brighter than those in lower mass, star-forming hosts. We examine the host galaxies of SNe Ia in the Dark Energy Survey 3-yr spectroscopically confirmed cosmological sample, obtaining photometry in a series of ‘local’ apertures centred on the SN, and for the global host galaxy. We study the differences in these host galaxy properties, such as stellar mass and rest-frame U − R colours, and their correlations with SN Ia parameters including Hubble residuals. We find all Hubble residual steps to be &gt;3σ in significance, both for splitting at the traditional environmental property sample median and for the step of maximum significance. For stellar mass, we find a maximal local step of 0.098 ± 0.018 mag; ∼0.03 mag greater than the largest global stellar mass step in our sample (0.070 ± 0.017 mag). When splitting at the sample median, differences between local and global U − R steps are small, both ∼0.08 mag, but are more significant than the global stellar mass step (0.057 ± 0.017 mag). We split the data into sub-samples based on SN Ia light-curve parameters: stretch (x1) and colour (c), finding that redder objects (c &gt; 0) have larger Hubble residual steps, for both stellar mass and U − R, for both local and global measurements, of ∼0.14 mag. Additionally, the bluer (star-forming) local environments host a more homogeneous SN Ia sample, with local U − R rms scatter as low as 0.084 ± 0.017 mag for blue (c &lt; 0) SNe Ia in locally blue U − R environments.
Blazar jets launched with similar energy per baryon, independently of their power
Authors: Rueda-Becerril Jesús M , Harrison Amanda O , Giannios Dimitrios 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The most extreme active galactic nuclei are the radio active ones whose relativistic jet propagates close to our line of sight. These objects were first classified according to their emission-line features into flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs). More recently, observations revealed a trend between these objects known as the blazar sequence, along with an anticorrelation between the observed power and the frequency of the synchrotron peak. In this work, we propose a fairly simple idea that could account for the whole blazar population: all jets are launched with similar energy per baryon, independently of their power. In the case of FSRQs, the most powerful jets manage to accelerate to high-bulk Lorentz factors, as observed in the radio. As a result, they have a rather modest magnetization in the emission region, resulting in magnetic reconnection injecting a steep particle–energy distribution and, consequently, steep emission spectra in the γ-rays. For the weaker jets, namely BL Lacs, the opposite holds true; i.e. the jet does not achieve a very high bulk Lorentz factor, leading to more magnetic energy available for non-thermal particle acceleration, and harder emission spectra at frequencies ≳ GeV. In this scenario, we recover all observable properties of blazars with our simulations, including the blazar sequence for models with mild baryon loading (50 ≲ μ ≲ 80). This interpretation of the blazar population therefore tightly constrains the energy per baryon of blazar jets regardless of their accretion rate.