bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The caesium phosphates Cs3(H1.5PO4)2(H2O)2, Cs3(H1.5PO4)2, Cs4P2O7(H2O)4, and CsPO3
Authors: Weil Matthias , Stöger Berthold 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The caesium phosphates Cs3(H1.5PO4)2(H2O)2 and Cs3(H1.5PO4)2 were obtained from aqueous solutions, and Cs4P2O7(H2O)4 and CsPO3 from solid state reactions, respectively. Cs3(H1.5PO4)2, Cs4P2O7(H2O)4, and CsPO3 were fully structurally characterized for the first time on basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data recorded at − 173 °C. Monoclinic Cs3(H1.5PO4)2 (Z = 2, C2/m) represents a new structure type and comprises hydrogen phosphate groups involved in the formation of a strong non-symmetrical hydrogen bond (accompanied by a disordered H atom over a twofold rotation axis) and a very strong symmetric hydrogen bond (with the H atom situated on an inversion centre) with symmetry-related neighbouring anions. Triclinic Cs4P2O7(H2O)4 (Z = 2, P$$\bar{1}$$

1

¯

) crystallizes also in a new structure type and is represented by a diphosphate group with a P–O–P bridging angle of 128.5°. Although H atoms of the water molecules were not modelled, O···O distances point to hydrogen bonds of medium strengths in the crystal structure. CsPO3 is monoclinic (Z = 4, P21/n) and belongs to the family of catena-polyphosphates (MPO3)n with a repetition period of 2. It is isotypic with the room-temperature modification of RbPO3. The crystal structure of Cs3(H1.5PO4)2(H2O)2 was re-evaluated on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data at − 173 °C, revealing that two adjacent hydrogen phosphate anions are connected by a very strong and non-symmetrical hydrogen bond, in contrast to the previously described symmetrical bonding situation derived from room temperature X-ray diffraction data. In the four title crystal structures, coordination numbers of the caesium cations range from 7 to 12.

Graphic abstract
Heterogeneity and uncertainty in a multistate framework
Authors: Tabakova D. , Pitacco E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research develops the scheme proposed in the paper Pollard [J Inst Actuar 96(2): 251–264, 1970], which is based on a two-state model for the analysis of 1-year mortality, but the results are also valid for the probabilities related to other types of insurance events such as disablement and accidents. We extend the Pollard’s original scheme into time-discrete models with more states (active-invalid-dead) together with further investigation into multi-year time horizon. Additionally, hypotheses for real-valued individual frailty are assumed in the models. As the baseline probabilistic structure, we have adopted a traditional three-state model in a Markov context. We focus on an insurance portfolio. Our outputs of interest are based on the probability distributions of the annual payouts for term insurance policies providing lump sum benefits both in case of death and in case of permanent disability. The analysis of the probability distributions allows us to assess the risk profile of the insurance portfolio, and thus to suggest appropriate actions in terms of premiums and capital allocation. In this regards, we adopt the percentile principle.
Management of gallbladder polyps
Authors: Öfner Dietmar 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA gallbladder polyp (GP) is defined as an elevation of the gallbladder mucosa that protrudes into the gallbladder lumen. Gallbladder polyps (GPs) have an estimated prevalence in adults of 0.3–12.3%. However, only 5% of polyps are considered “true” GPs that have malignant potential or are even already cancerous. The most important imaging method for diagnosis and follow-up of GPs is transabdominal ultrasound, but it fails to discriminate between true and pseudo polyps at a clinically relevant level. Although gallbladder cancer (GBC) arising from polyps is a rare event, malignancy is significantly more common among polyps from a size of 10 mm. In light of this, the consensus, which is reflected in current guidelines, is that surgery should be considered for polyps of 10 mm or greater. However, 10 mm is an arbitrary cutoff, and high-quality evidence to support this is lacking. Lowering the threshold for cholecystectomy when patients have additional risk factors for gallbladder malignancy may improve the cancer detection rate in polyps smaller than 10 mm. Nevertheless, the evidence behind this is also weak. This review shows the shortcomings in the available evidence and underlines the decision-making process regarding the surgical indication, surveillance, or both.
DeepTable: a permutation invariant neural network for table orientation classification
Authors: Habibi Maryam , Starlinger Johannes , Leser Ulf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTables are a common way to present information in an intuitive and concise manner. They are used extensively in media such as scientific articles or web pages. Automatically analyzing the content of tables bears special challenges. One of the most basic tasks is determination of the orientation of a table: In column tables, columns represent one entity with the different attribute values present in the different rows; row tables are vice versa, and matrix tables give information on pairs of entities. In this paper, we address the problem of classifying a given table into one of the three layouts horizontal (for row tables), vertical (for column tables), and matrix. We describe DeepTable, a novel method based on deep neural networks designed for learning from sets. Contrary to previous state-of-the-art methods, this basis makes DeepTable invariant to the permutation of rows or columns, which is a highly desirable property as in most tables the order of rows and columns does not carry specific information. We evaluate our method using a silver standard corpus of 5500 tables extracted from biomedical articles where the layout was determined heuristically. DeepTable outperforms previous methods in both precision and recall on our corpus. In a second evaluation, we manually labeled a corpus of 300 tables and were able to confirm DeepTable to reach superior performance in the table layout classification task. The codes and resources introduced here are available athttps://github.com/Marhabibi/DeepTable.
The Relation Between Students’ Effort and Monitoring Judgments During Learning: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Baars Martine , Wijnia Lisette , de Bruin Anique , Paas Fred 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch has shown a bi-directional association between the (perceived) amount of invested effort to learn or retrieve information (e.g., time, mental effort) and metacognitive monitoring judgments. The direction of this association likely depends on how learners allocate their effort. In self-paced learning, effort allocation is usually data driven, where the ease of memorizing is used as a cue, resulting in a negative correlation between effort and monitoring judgments. Effort allocation is goal driven when it is strategically invested (e.g., based on the importance of items or time pressure) and likely results in a positive correlation. The current study used a meta-analytic approach to synthesize the results from several studies on the relationship between effort and monitoring judgments. The results showed that there was a negative association between effort and monitoring judgments (r = − .355). Furthermore, an exploration of possible moderators of this association between effort and monitoring was made. The negative association was no longer significant when goal-driven regulation was manipulated. Furthermore, it was found that the type of monitoring judgment (i.e., a weaker association for prospective judgments) and type of task (stronger association for problem-solving tasks relative to paired associates) moderated the relation between effort and monitoring. These results have important implications for future research on the use of effort as a cue for monitoring in self-regulated learning.
Formal methods in dependable systems engineering: a survey of professionals from Europe and North America
Authors: Gleirscher Mario , Marmsoler Diego 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Context
Formal methods (FMs) have been around for a while, still being unclear how to leverage their benefits, overcome their challenges, and set new directions for their improvement towards a more successful transfer into practice.

Objective
We study the use of formal methods in mission-critical software domains, examining industrial and academic views.

Method
We perform a cross-sectional on-line survey.

Results
Our results indicate an increased intent to apply FMs in industry, suggesting a positively perceived usefulness. But the results also indicate a negatively perceived ease of use. Scalability, skills, and education seem to be among the key challenges to support this intent.

Conclusions
We present the largest study of this kind so far (N = 216), and our observations provide valuable insights, highlighting directions for future theoretical and empirical research of formal methods. Our findings are strongly coherent with earlier observations by Austin and Graeme (1993).
High-density linkage map reveals QTL for Type-I seed coat cracking in RIL population of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Authors: Kang Beom Kyu , Seo Jeong Hyun , Jo Hyun , Kulkarni Krishnanand P. , Choi Man Soo , Kim Hyun Tae , Lee Jeong Dong , Dhungana Sanjeev K. , Kim Hong Sik , Oh Jae Hyeon , Park Ji Hee , Shin Sang Ouk , Baek In Youl 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeed coat cracking (SCC), particularly the Type-I irregular cracking, is critical in determining the quality of appearance and commercial value of soybean seeds. The objective of this study was to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SCC with high-density genetic map. One hundred sixty-seven recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between Uram (SCC-resistant) and Chamol (SCC-susceptible) were evaluated for SCC over 2 years (2016–2017). The QTL analysis identified 12 QTLs located on chromosomes 2 (D1b), 6 (C2), 8 (A2), 9 (K), 10 (O), 12 (H), 19 (L), and 20 (I). Out of the 12 QTLs, qSC2-1, qSC9, SC10-1, qSC10-2, and qSC12 were novel QTLs and the other seven QTLs (qSC2-2, qSC2-3, qSC6, qSC8, qSC19-1, qSC19-2, and qSC20) were found to co-localize with the previously identified QTLs. The mean SCC of the RILs of early maturity group was significantly higher than that of the late maturity group, suggesting an association between SCC and maturity loci. In addition, although 10 QTLs were distantly located from the maturity loci (E1, E3, E4, E7, and E10), qSC10-1 and qSC10-2 co-localized with the maturity loci E2. The results obtained in this study provide useful genetic information on SCC which could be used in the SCC breeding programs.
Indian Travellers’ Adoption of Airbnb Platform
Authors: Tamilmani Kuttimani , Rana Nripendra P. , Nunkoo Robin , Raghavan Vishnupriya , Dwivedi Yogesh K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMuch of the existing scholarly debate on sharing economy to date has focused on the use of technology in developed countries. However, the recent upsurge of mobile technology adoption in developing countries has provided suitable breeding ground for sharing economy. The lack of native theories in tourism and hospitality sector with scare utilization of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) provide necessity for this research. This study adapted meta-UTAUT model as theoretical lens and extended the model with hedonic motivation, trust, and self-efficacy. Based on data from 301 potential Indian consumers, the results underscored the central role of attitude that significantly mediated the effects of effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions on consumer intention to use Airbnb. Meanwhile, performance expectancy emerged as significant direct determinant of intention alongside attitude, trust, and self-efficacy. The proposed model explained as much as 65% variance on Indian consumer’s intention to use Airbnb.
How Poor Are the Poor? Looking beyond the Binary Measure of Income Poverty
Authors: Kyzyma Iryna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature by analysing how poor the income poor are in European countries. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, I go beyond average estimates of the intensity of poverty and analyse the distribution of individual-level poverty gaps in each country of interest. As a next step, I identify which personal and household characteristics predict how far away incomes of the poor fall from the poverty line. The results indicate that, in most European countries, half of the poor have income shortfalls not exceeding 30% of the poverty line whereas only a few percent of the poor have income deficits of 80% and more. The results also suggest that traditional poverty correlates (e.g. age, gender, educational background) are not always significantly associated with the size of normalised poverty gaps at the individual level, or the nature of these associations differs as compared to when the same characteristics are linked to the probability of being poor.
Religious Struggle and Life Satisfaction Among Adult Christians: Self-esteem as a Mediator
Authors: Szcześniak Małgorzata , Timoszyk-Tomczak Celina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe religious dimension of life represents an important source of human strength, meaning, and coping for many people. However, the religious life is not always “smooth and easy” and can be associated with weak personal adjustment, poorer psychological well-being, and lower satisfaction. Yet, besides the direct relationship between these variables, some researchers postulate the existence of an indirect association that has not been fully explained by various psychosocial mediators. The aim of the present study was to verify whether self-esteem could be a potential mediator between religious strain and life satisfaction. The sample consisted of 607 adult Christians (49.6% women) aged between 18 and 79. We used the Religious Comfort and Strain Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Consistent with our hypotheses, life satisfaction positively correlated with religious comfort and was negatively associated with fear/guilt, negative emotions toward God, and negative social interactions surrounding religion. The same pattern of results was shown in the case of self-esteem. Moreover, the outcomes obtained from bootstrap sampling (5000) with a 95% confidence interval indicated a significant role of self-esteem as a mediator in all of the relationships between: (1) religious comfort and life satisfaction; (2) fear/guilt and life satisfaction; (3) negative emotions toward God and life satisfaction; and (4) negative social interactions surrounding religion and life satisfaction.
Variable cant angle winglets for improvement of aircraft flight performance
Authors: Guerrero J. E. , Sanguineti M. , Wittkowski K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTraditional winglets are designed as fixed devices attached at the tips of the wings. The primary purpose of the winglets is to reduce the lift-induced drag, therefore improving aircraft performance and fuel efficiency. However, because winglets are fixed surfaces, they cannot be used to control lift-induced drag reductions or to obtain the largest lift-induced drag reductions at different flight conditions (take-off, climb, cruise, loitering, descent, approach, landing, and so on). In this work, we propose the use of variable cant angle winglets which could potentially allow aircraft to get the best all-around performance (in terms of lift-induced drag reduction), at different flight phases. By using computational fluid dynamics, we study the influence of the winglet cant angle and sweep angle on the performance of a benchmark wing at Mach numbers of 0.3 and 0.8395. The results obtained demonstrate that by adjusting the cant angle, the aerodynamic performance can be improved at different flight conditions.
The influence of climate model uncertainty on fluvial flood hazard estimation
Authors: Beevers Lindsay , Collet Lila , Aitken Gordon , Maravat Claire , Visser Annie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFloods are the most common and widely distributed natural hazard, threatening life and property worldwide. Governments worldwide are facing significant challenges associated with flood hazard, specifically: increasing urbanization; against the background of uncertainty associated with increasing climate variability under climate change. Thus, flood hazard assessments need to consider climate change uncertainties explicitly. This paper explores the role of climate change uncertainty through uncertainty analysis in flood modelling through a probabilistic framework using a Monte Carlo approach and is demonstrated for case study catchment. Different input, structure and parameter uncertainties were investigated to understand how important the role of a non-stationary climate may be on future extreme flood events. Results suggest that inflow uncertainties are the most influential in order to capture the range of uncertainty in inundation extent, more important than hydraulic model parameter uncertainty, and thus, the influence of non-stationarity of climate on inundation extent is critical to capture. Topographic controls are shown to create tipping points in the inundation–flow relationship, and these may be useful and important to quantify for future planning and policy. Full Monte Carlo analysis within the probabilistic framework is computationally expensive, and there is a need to explore more time-efficient strategies which may result in a similar estimate of the full uncertainty. Simple uncertainty quantification techniques such as Latin hypercube sampling approaches were tested to reduce computational burden.
Mechanistic Multilayer Quantitative Model for Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics, Target Occupancy and Pharmacodynamics (PK/TO/PD) Relationship of D-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitor, TAK-831 in Mice
Authors: Yoneyama Tomoki , Sato Sho , Sykes Andy , Fradley Rosa , Stafford Stuart , Bechar Shyam , Howley Eimear , Patel Toshal , Tagawa Yoshihiko , Moriwaki Toshiya , Asahi Satoru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTAK-831 is a highly selective and potent inhibitor of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) currently under clinical development for schizophrenia. In this study, a mechanistic multilayer quantitative model that parsimoniously connects pharmacokinetics (PK), target occupancy (TO) and D-serine concentrations as a pharmacodynamic (PD) readout was established in mice.MethodsPK, TO and PD time-profiles were obtained in mice and analyzed by mechanistic binding kinetics model connected with an indirect response model in a step wise fashion. Brain distribution was investigated to elucidate a possible mechanism driving the hysteresis between PK and TO.ResultsThe observed nonlinear PK/TO/PD relationship was well captured by mechanistic modeling framework within a wide dose range of TAK-831 in mice. Remarkably different brain distribution was observed between target and reference regions, suggesting that the target-mediated slow binding kinetics rather than slow penetration through the blood brain barrier caused the observed distinct kinetics between PK and TO.ConclusionA quantitative mechanistic model for concentration- and time-dependent nonlinear PK/TO/PD relationship was established for TAK-831 in mice with accounting for possible rate-determining process. The established mechanistic modeling framework will provide a quantitative means for multilayer biomarker-assisted clinical development in multiple central nervous system indications.
An item response theory analysis of an item pool for the recovering quality of life (ReQoL) measure
Authors: Keetharuth Anju Devianee , Bjorner Jakob Bue , Barkham Michael , Browne John , Croudace Tim , Brazier John 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
ReQoL-10 and ReQoL-20 have been developed for use as outcome measures with individuals aged 16 and over, experiencing mental health difficulties. This paper reports modelling results from the item response theory (IRT) analyses that were used for item reduction.

Methods
From several stages of preparatory work including focus groups and a previous psychometric survey, a pool of items was developed. After confirming that the ReQoL item pool was sufficiently unidimensional for scoring, IRT model parameters were estimated using Samejima’s Graded Response Model (GRM). All 39 mental health items were evaluated with respect to item fit and differential item function regarding age, gender, ethnicity, and diagnosis. Scales were evaluated regarding overall measurement precision and known-groups validity (by care setting type and self-rating of overall mental health).

Results
The study recruited 4266 participants with a wide range of mental health diagnoses from multiple settings. The IRT parameters demonstrated excellent coverage of the latent construct with the centres of item information functions ranging from − 0.98 to 0.21 and with discrimination slope parameters from 1.4 to 3.6. We identified only two poorly fitting items and no evidence of differential item functioning of concern. Scales showed excellent measurement precision and known-groups validity.

Conclusion
The results from the IRT analyses confirm the robust structure properties and internal construct validity of the ReQoL instruments. The strong psychometric evidence generated guided item selection for the final versions of the ReQoL measures.
Assessing Subaquatic Mass Movement Hazards: an Integrated Observational and Hydrodynamic Modelling Approach
Authors: Råman Vinnå Love , Bouffard Damien , Wüest Alfred , Girardclos Stéphanie , Dubois Nathalie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh-resolution lake and reservoir bathymetric surveys can pinpoint locations that may experience underwater landslides (subaquatic sedimentary mass movements). These can pose a risk to underwater and shoreline infrastructure. This paper outlines an approach for using spatial variation in sedimentary patterns to identify areas susceptible to subaquatic mass movements in lakes and reservoirs. This study focusses on Lake Biel (Switzerland), which has experienced a protracted history of upstream alteration of river flow. Altered flow patterns increase risk of unstable sedimentary features and subaquatic mass movements. Data from sediment traps and cores, Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and results from a 3D hydrodynamic model gave a consistent picture of spatial and temporal variation in weather-related sedimentation. Erosion caused by short-term rain events contributes the largest proportion of sediments to the lake. Strong rain events combine with typical wind patterns to drive lake circulation. The net effect results in preferential sedimentation onto a steeply sloping shelf prone to subaquatic slides. The integrated approach outlined here incorporates short- and long-term sediment dynamics to provide a systematic assessment of lake sedimentation and potential mass movement hazards. This research represents a first step in developing a risk-evaluation tool for aquatic hazard evaluation.