bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Identifying Human Voice Signals Using the Fast Fourier Transform (Fft) Method Based on Matlab
Authors: Riyani Ade 
Published: January 2020

Suara merupakan suatu hal yang unik dan memiliki range frekuensi tertentu dan intensitas suara yang bisa dan tidak bisa didengar oleh manusia. Satuan untuk mengukur intensitas suara tersebut adalah desibel (dB). kurangnya suatu teknologi yang dapat menerapkan pengenalan sinyal suara. Dengan adanya sistem pengenalan suara dapat mempermudah manusia dalam beraktivitas. Jadi dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang dapat mengenali karakteristik suara manusia yang nantinya dapat diterapkan dalam suatu aplikasi. Hasil yang didapatkan sistem pengenalan suara juga dapat mengenali suara dengan baik dengan suara yang dimainkan pada nilai frame blocking 16, 32, 64, 128 dan 256. Tingkat pengenalan suara ini turun jika nilai frame blocking yang digunakan dibawah 128.
PENGELOMPOKAN DATA PERSEDIAAN OBAT MENGGUNAKAN PERBANDINGAN METODE K-MEANS DENGAN HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING SINGLE LINKAGE
Authors: Firdaus Rahmatika Diana , Laksana Tri Ginanjar , Ramadhani Rima Dias 
Published: January 2020

Kesehatan merupakan hak asasi manusia sekaligus investasi bagi keberhasilan pembangunan bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu faktor penting di dunia kesehatan adalah tersedianya obat-obatan untuk nantinya disalurkan ke seluruh wilayah Indonesia melalui badan organisasi kesehatan milik pemerintah secara merata dan berkelanjutan. Fungsi obat yaitu sebagai upaya pencegahan, penyembuhan, maupun peningkatan kesehatan bagi manusia. Obat juga merupakan bahan yang diatur oleh pemerintah dalam hal ini adalah Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan (BPOM). Di era modern seperti saat ini, kita mengenal dengan istilah Data Mining. Dalam perkembangannya, data mining berhubungan erat dengan analisa data, maka dari itu data mining mampu mengolah dan mengelompokan data dalam jumlah yang besar berdasarkan kesamaan dalam sekumpulan data. Algoritma K-Means merupakan metode pengelompokan yang mudah digunakan. Pada proses penentuan titik pusat klaster (centroid) awal merupakan kelemahan bagi K-Means karena sifatnya yang acak. Algoritma Hierarchical Clustering (HCC) Single Linkage pada penentuan titik pusat klaster (centroid) memiliki sifat yang konsisten dan kompleks. Dari 204 data dan variabel yang akan diolah, kedua algoritma tersebut akan mendapatkan klaster optimal data pada kelompok klaster C1 yaitu obat dengan pemakaian lambat dan klaster C2 yaitu obat dengan pemakaian cepat dan membandingkan nilai validitasnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa algoritma HCC Single linkage mampu memberikan hasil yang terbaik dengan validitas Sillhoutte Index (SI) sebesar 0.8629 sedangkan algoritma K-Means mendapatkan nilai validitas SI sebesar 0.8414.
Presenting the Fifth JDR Award
Authors: Hirata Naoshi 
Published: January 2020

It is our great pleasure to present the fifth JDR Award to Dr. Yuichiro Usuda. Dr. Usuda has made outstanding contributions to the Journal of Disaster Research (JDR) as the guest editor and the author of the JDR’s “Special Issue on NIED Frontier Researches on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2017” in Vol.12 No.5, which has been the most downloaded special issue for the past three years.
Dr. Usuda is a leading scientist in frontier research for natural disaster risk management and resilience in National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED). He is working with researchers of many different disciplines as well as stake-holders in practical devastating disaster management situations. Thus, in his studies, he has been integrating many different disciplines to generate a new intellectual paradigm for managing multi-hazard disasters, such as earthquake disasters combined with meteorological disasters caused by rain, drought, snow, extreme heat or cold, ice, or wind. This is quite important in Japan and other disaster-prone countries, considering today’s global climate change. The special issue is the fruit of his research efforts.
On behalf of the JDR editorial board, I wish to thank Dr. Yuichiro Usuda for his efforts and to congratulate him as the winner of the fifth JDR Award.
LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAMS STUDENTS’ TEXT MESSAGES TO THEIR LECTURERS
Authors: Iskandar Ifan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the linguistic features of English and Indonesian languages in students’ text messages sent to their lecturers. Content analysis is employed and the data are the linguistic features identified in 1,521 students’ text messages delivered to the lecturers. The findings confirm the results of the former studies in that the typographic features of emoticons, letter deletion, rebus writing, and phonetic spelling and morphological features of initialism, abbreviation, reduplication, truncation, and casual style of spoken dictions are employed—the features linguistically creating a special register called textese recognized by non-standard form or textisms. The mechanics of languages are featured by the lack of compliance with the conventional usage of full stops, commas, and capitals; even less than ten percent of spaces considered inevitably used are not conventionally emploed. Dominant uses of one-claused sentences feature the syntax of the languages.

Keywords: linguistic features, text messaging, typography, morphology, and syntax.
Experimental Investigation of Methane Hydrate Formation in the Carboxmethylcellulose (CMC) Aqueous Solution
Authors: Fu Weiqi , Wang Zhiyuan , Chen Litao , Sun Baojiang 
Published: January 2020

Summary
In the development of deepwater crude oil, gas, and gas hydrates, hydrate formation during drilling operations becomes a crucial problem for flow assurance and wellbore pressure management. To study the characteristics of methane hydrate formation in the drilling fluid, the experiments of the methane hydrate formation in water with carboxmethylcellulose (CMC) additive are performed in a horizontal flow loop under flow velocity from 1.32 to 1.60 m/s and CMC concentration from 0.2 to 0.5 wt%. The flow pattern is observed as bubbly flow in experiments. The experiments indicate that the increase of CMC concentration impedes the hydrate formation while the increase of liquid velocity enhances formation rates. In the stirred reactor, the hydrate formation rate generally decreases as the subcooling condition decreases. However, in this work, with the subcooling condition continuously decreasing, hydrate formation rate follows a “U” shaped trend—initially decreasing, then leveling out and finally increasing. It is because the hydrate formation rate in this work is influenced by multiple factors, such as hydrate shell formation, fracturing, sloughing, and bubble breaking up, which has more complicated mass transfer procedure than that in the stirred reactor. A semiempirical model that is based on the mass transfer mechanism is developed for current experimental conditions, and can be used to predict the formation rates of gas hydrates in the non-Newtonian fluid by replacing corresponding correlations. The rheological experiments are performed to obtain the rheological model of the CMC aqueous solution for the proposed model. The overall hydrate formation coefficient in the proposed model is correlated with experimental data. The hydrate formation model is verified and the predicted quantity of gas hydrates has a discrepancy less than 10%.
Comparison of the clinical benefits for non-small cell lung cancer patients between different volume of pleural lavage fluid following video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy and systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Jian , Liu Chengwu , Man Shulei , Lyu Mengyuan , Liao Hu , Chen Nan , Cheng Yuhui , Liu Lunxu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Pleural lavage is regularly performed before closing chest wall in pulmonary surgeries to prevent pleural implantation of tumor cells and postoperative infection. However, scant data could be found in the literature regarding the optimal regimen for performing pleural lavage. To establish a proper volume of pleural lavage, we herein designeda protocol for arandomized controlled trial.
Methods: A total of 400 participants with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy and systematic mediastinallymph node dissection (MLND) will be randomly assigned into 2 groups: Group A (500ml pleural lavage fluid) and Group B (3000ml pleural lavage fluid). The primary outcomes include the levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, inflammatory factors on the first postoperative day. The secondary outcomes include: (i) the levels of leukocytes, neutrophils, inflammatory factors on the second and third postoperative day; (ii) the incidence of postoperative fever on the first, second and third postoperative day; (iii) the volumes of chest drainage within the first 3 operative days, the duration of drainage, and postoperative hospitalization; (iv) the incidence of postoperative complications (incision infection, pain, atelectasis, hemorrhage, etc.), and the incidence of pleural effusion requiring thoracic puncture or drainage within 30 days after surgery.The main content of the analysis includes effectiveness and safety analysis. We will perform subgroup analyses to identify potential influence factors.
Discussion: As far as we know, this will bethe first randomized controlled trial is expected to compare the clinical outcomes between different volumes of pleural lavage fluid following VATS and MLND. Findings from this trial will determine the appropriate amount of pleural lavage before chest wall closure.
Trial registration number: This study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900021950) on 17 March 2019. The URL of the trial registry record is http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=37003.
A Novel Risk Model for Mortality and Hospitalization following Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy: The Alpha-score
Authors: Yang Shengwen , Liu Zhimin , Hu Yiran , Jing Ran , Hua Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) has been associated with a better left ventricle reverse remodeling response and improved clinical outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The aims of our study were to identify the predictors of mortality and heart failure hospitalization in patients treated with CRT and design a risk score for prognosis.
Methods: A cohort of 422 consecutive NICM patients with CRT was retrospectively enrolled between January 2010 and December 2017. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and heart transplantation.
Results: In a multivariate analysis, the predictors of all-cause death were left atrial diameter [Hazard ratio (HR): 1.056, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.020-1.093, P=0.002]; non-left bundle branch block [HR: 1.793, 95% CI: 1.131-2.844, P =0.013]; high sensitivity C-reactive protein [HR: 1.081, 95% CI: 1.029-1.134 P= 0.002]; and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [HR: 1.018, 95% CI: 1.007-1.030, P =0.002]; and New York Heart Association class IV [HR: 1.018, 95% CI: 1.007-1.030, P =0.002]. The Alpha-score ( A trial diameter, non- L BBB, P ro-BNP, H s-CRP, NYH A class IV) was derived from each independent risk factor. The novel score had good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P >0.05) and discrimination for both primary endpoints [c-statistics: 0.749 (95% CI: 0.694-0.804), P <0.001] or heart failure hospitalization [c-statistics: 0.692 (95% CI: 0.639-0.745), P <0.001].
Conclusion: The Alpha-score may enable improved discrimination and accurate prediction of long-term outcomes among NICM patients with CRT.
The effect of anti-cancer and anti-tuberculosis treatments in lung cancer patients with active tuberculosis: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Author) Mei Chai (Former Corresponding , Author) Qingming Shi(New Corresponding 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Lung tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer have a complex relationship. Data concerning TB treatment in lung cancer patients are still incomplete. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of anti-cancer and anti-tuberculosis treatments in lung cancer patients with active lung TB. Methods In a retrospective cohort study, lung cancer patients with active lung TB were identified between January 2013 and December 2016. Age- and sex-matched lung cancer patients without tuberculosis were selected as control subjects. Anti-cancer and anti-tuberculosis treatments were administered according to the national guidelines. The clinical courses and responses of lung cancer patients with and without active lung TB were examined and compared. Results A total of 31 consecutive lung cancer patients were diagnosed with active lung TB. Fifty-one lung cancer patients without TB were enrolled as control subjects. Most patients in the two groups were elderly, had advanced non-small cell lung cancer and had tumor burdens. The anti-cancer treatment completion rate and response rate were not different between two group (87.1% in TB treatment patients vs. 92.2% in lung cancer patients; 77.4% in TB treatment patients vs. 88.2% in lung cancer patients, respectively). The anti-tuberculosis treatment completion rate and success rate was 87.1% and 80.7%. The median survival times were not different between two groups (52 weeks in TB treatment patients vs. 57 weeks in lung cancer patients). The change in Karnofsky performance score was also not different between two groups. The most common side effect in TB treatment patients was liver injury (61.3%). The most serious side effect in TB treatment patients was leukocyte deficiency (9.7% in Grade 3). Both of side effects mentioned above were not different between two groups. Conclusion Both anti-cancer and anti-tuberculosis treatments can be safely and effectively administered in lung cancer patients with active lung TB. Attention should be paid to the risk of tuberculosis in lung cancer patients in TB high-burden countries.
Developing a composite outcome measure for frailty prevention trials – rationale, derivation and sample size comparison with other candidate measures
Authors: Witham Miles D. , Wason James , Dodds Richard M , Sayer Avan A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Frailty is the loss of ability to withstand a physiological stressor and is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in older people. Trials to prevent or ameliorate frailty are in their infancy. A range of different outcome measures have been proposed, but current measures require either large sample sizes, long follow-up, or do not directly measure the construct of frailty. Methods: We propose a composite outcome for frailty prevention trials, comprising progression to the frail state, death, or being too unwell to continue in a trial. To determine likely event rates, we used data from the English Longitudinal Study for Ageing, collected 4 years apart. We calculated transition rates between non-frail, prefrail, frail or loss to follow up due to death or illness. We used Markov state transition models to interpolate one- and two-year transition rates and performed sample size calculations for a range of differences in transition rates using simple and composite outcomes. Results: The frailty category was calculable for 4650 individuals at baseline (2226 non-frail, 1907 prefrail, 517 frail); at follow up, 1282 were non-frail, 1108 were prefrail, 318 were frail and 1936 had dropped out or were unable to complete all tests for frailty. Transition probabilities for those prefrail at baseline, measured at wave 4 were respectively 0.176, 0.286, 0.096 and 0.442 to non-frail, prefrail, frail and dead/dropped out. Interpolated transition probabilities were 0.159, 0.494, 0.113 and 0.234 at two years, and 0.108, 0.688, 0.087 and 0.117 at one year. Required sample sizes for a two-year outcome in a two-arm trial were between 1040 and 7242 for transition from prefrailty to frailty alone, 246 to 1630 for transition to the composite measure, and 76 to 354 using the composite measure with an ordinal logistic regression approach. Conclusion: Use of a composite outcome for frailty trials offers reduced sample sizes and could ameliorate the effect of high loss to follow up inherent in such trials due to death and illness.
A Phase 2 Randomised Controlled Trial of Serelaxin to Lower Portal Pressure in Cirrhosis (STOPP)
Authors: Fallowfield Jonathan , Gifford Fiona J , Dunne Philip DJ , Weir Graeme , Ireland Hamish , Graham Catriona , Tuck Sharon , Hayes Peter C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: In preclinical models recombinant human relaxin-2 (serelaxin) had anti-fibrotic effects and ameliorated portal hypertension (PH). A small exploratory study in patients with cirrhosis also suggested that serelaxin could reduce portal pressure. Methods: In a phase 2 double-blind randomised controlled study conducted in a single centre (Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK), male and female adult participants with cirrhosis and clinically-significant PH (CSPH; hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) >10 mmHg) were enrolled. Participants were allocated to serelaxin or placebo in a 3:1 ratio. The placebo control group was used to maintain the blind. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in fasting HVPG after 2 h peripheral i.v. serelaxin infusion (80 μg/kg/day for 60 min followed by 30 μg/kg/day for at least 60 min). Secondary endpoints included the change from baseline in hepatic blood flow and systemic haemodynamics (cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index and aortic pulse wave velocity). Short-term safety and tolerability of serelaxin was also assessed. Results: A total of 17 participants were screened, 15 were randomised and 11 completed the study (n=9 serelaxin, n=2 placebo). Reasons for withdrawal were baseline HVPG <10 mmHg (n=2) and technical failure (n=2). Median age was 56 (range 43-69) and 73% of participants were male. Cirrhosis aetiologies were alcohol (n=10), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n=2), hepatitis C (n=2) and hepatitis B (n=1). Participants were Child-Pugh class A (60%) and B (40%) with a median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 10 (range 6-14). Mean baseline HVPG was 16.3 mmHg (range 10.3-21.7). Individual responses were variable, but overall there was no statistically significant change in HVPG after 2 h i.v. serelaxin (arithmetic mean of difference ±SD was 0.4 ±3.5 mmHg (95% CI -2.3, 3.1; p=0.76)). There were also no substantial changes from baseline in hepatic blood flow or systemic haemodynamic measures following serelaxin. We recorded 12 adverse events in 7 participants treated with serelaxin; none were significant, and most were unrelated to the investigational medicinal product. There were no serious adverse events. Conclusion: In a small randomised phase 2 proof-of-concept study in patients with cirrhosis and CSPH, serelaxin infusion was safe and well-tolerated but had a neutral effect on HVPG.
Epidemiology of patients with musculoskeletal soft tissue sarcomas in a cancer hospital in Central China: A study of 1624 cases.
Authors: Zhang Peng , Liu Jinyan , Feng Feifei , Zhang Qiao , Duan Guangcai , Yao Weitao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : To analyze the incidence characteristics of 1624 inpatients with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) during 2006 to 2016 in Henan Province Cancer Hospital in Central China. Methods : The information of electronic medical record from the first hospitalized patients with STS in Henan Province Cancer Hospital during January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016 was collected, and descriptive statistics was analyzed on age, gender, pathological type and tumor location by using SPSS21.0 software. Results : There were 1624 inpatients with STS in Henan Province Cancer Hospital in 2006~2016.The top nine pathological subtypes of STS with high constituent ratio were undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS,23.83%),synovial sarcoma(16.69%), liposarcoma(13.67%), fibrosarcoma(10.22%), sarcoma without definite type (8.99%), leiomyosarcoma(7.02%), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberant (5.79%),rhabdomyosarcoma (4.68%) and malignant neurilemmoma(4.25%). The average age of inpatients was 44.71±17.91, and the inpatients aged 35-64 accounted for 56.34%.The number of UPS inpatients reached the peak at the age of 45 to 59; The median age of inpatients with rhabdomyosarcoma was 17 year.In total 1624 inpatients of STS, the number of male and female inpatients were 923 and 701, respectively. The gender ratio was 1.32:1. The proportion of UPS in either male or female inpatients was the highest, accounting for 23.07% and 24.82%, respectively. The number of male inpatients was more than that of female in the top nine pathological subtypes of STS except leiomyosarcoma (the gender ratio was 0.84:1). The most common initiation location of UPS, synovial sarcoma, liposarcoma was lower extremity, accounting for 51.16%, 53.13% and 52.25% in corresponding pathological type group, respectively. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberant, rhabdomyosarcoma and fibrosarcoma were all mainly initiated in trunk, accounting for 72.34%, 47.83% and 45.57% , respectively. Leiomyosarcoma tend to occur in retroperitoneum. Conclusion : The top three pathological subtypes of STS with high constituent ratio were UPS, synovial sarcoma and liposarcoma.UPS should be paid more attention on the prevention, treatment and research in Henan province in future for its highest proportion of STS.
Evaluation of the "License, Master, Doctorate" reform in medical school of University of Lomé (Togo): strengths and weaknesses
Authors: TECLESSOU Julienne , KPELAO Essossinam , SAKA Bayaki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The License, Master, and Doctorate (LMD) reform which structured high studies in three cycles has been instituted since the Bologna declaration in 1999. To be conformed to international standards, the LMD system has been instituted in university of Lomé in 2009 to foster pathways between medical and paramedical training. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the LMD reform since its introduction in medical school of Lomé.
Method: It was an opinion survey conducted in 4 months in University of Lomé among the medical school’s teachers about strengths and weaknesses of LMD reform since its application. The strengths were defined as all facilities brought by LMD reform in organization of courses and practices, evaluations, new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) (internet, video projector, courses on line). The LMD weaknesses were defined as any problem generated by the LMD system.
Results: Of 113 resident teachers of the medical school of Lomé, seventy-six have completed the questionnaire (67.2%). The majority of teachers (74) thought that the introduction of LMD reform will make Lomé medical school fit into international standards. The availability of the video projectors was noted by 90.8% of the teachers and 82.9% of them used it for teaching. There was no online course. The main strengths of LMD were: a better evaluation system (33.3%), the organization of training in units with credit (28.6%), the usage of new ICTs (23.8%).
Many weaknesses of LMD reform were noted by teachers: the plethoric number of students (36.2%), the absence of an intermediate diploma and pathways between studies (29.3%). The Insufficiency of human resources and material was also mentioned.
Conclusion: This study highlights that LMD reform needs adaptation to local realities and improvement to ensure that students will get good training in conformity with international standards.