bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruddlesden-Popper phase A2BO4 oxides: Recent studies on structure, electrical, dielectric, and optical properties
Authors: Nirala Gurudeo , Yadav Dharmendra , Upadhyay Shail 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the last two decades, structure and properties of Ruddlesden–Popper phase (RP) A2BO4oxides with K2NiF4structure, have been widely investigated. But to the best of our knowledge, no review article is available in the literature on recent studies on these oxides. Therefore, in this article, recent studies on structure, electrical, dielectric, and optical properties of these oxides have been reviewed. Special attention is put on to highlight the effect of doping and oxygen stoichiometry on the structure and properties of these oxides. Further, important applications of these oxides have also been mentioned in this article.
Modified graphene as novel lubricating additive with high dispersion stability in oil
Authors: Wu Pu , Chen Xinchun , Zhang Chenhui , Zhang Jiping , Luo Jianbin , Zhang Jiyang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGraphene is a promising material as a lubricant additive for reducing friction and wear. Here, a dispersing method which combines chemical modification of graphene by octadecylamine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with a kind of effective dispersant has been successfully developed to achieve the remarkable dispersion stability of graphene in base oil. The stable dispersion time of modified graphene (0.5 wt%) with dispersant (1 wt%) in PAO-6 could be up to about 120 days, which was the longest time reported so far. At the same time, the lubricant exhibits a significant improvement of tribological performance for a steel ball to plate tribo-system with a normal load of 2 N. The coefficient of friction between sliding surfaces was ~0.10 and the depth of wear track on plate was ~21 nm, which decreased by about 44% and 90% when compared to pure PAO-6, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of the lubricating mechanisms in regard to the sliding-induced formation of nanostructured tribo-film has been contacted by using Raman spectra and TEM.
Process-related predictors of readmissions and mortality following hip fracture surgery: a population-based analysis
Authors: Sarimo Simo , Pajulammi Hanna , Jämsen Esa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Readmissions are common and complicate recovery after hip fracture. The objective of this study was to study readmission rates, factors associated with readmissions and effects of orthogeriatric liaison service in a setting where patients are discharged typically on the first postoperative day from the operating tertiary care hospital to lower-level health care units.

Methods
A regionally representative cohort of 763 surgically treated hip fracture patients aged ≥ 50 years was included in this retrospective study, based on hospital discharge records. Primary outcome was a 30-day readmission, while the secondary outcome was a composite outcome, defined as readmission or death with a follow-up of 1 year at maximum.

Results
The 30-day readmission rate was 8.3% and 1-year mortality was 22.1%. Short length of stay did not lead to poorer outcomes. Delay from admission to surgery of ≥ 4 days and discharge to primary health care wards were associated with an increased 30-day readmission rate. Age ≥ 90 years, delay to surgery, postoperative length of stay of ≥ 2 days and discharge on a Saturday were associated with higher risk for the composite outcome. Use of orthogeriatric liaison service at the operating hospital was associated with a lower risk of 30-day readmissions (11.8% vs. 6.2%, P = 0.012) whereas in longer follow-up readmissions seemed to cumulate similarly independent of orthogeriatric contribution. Patients living in the largest community in the area were discharged to a secondary care orthogeriatric ward and had a lower risk of 30-day readmissions than other patients (4.8% vs. 10.2%, P = 0.009).

Conclusion
Use of orthogeriatric liaison service and later care at secondary care orthogeriatric ward seem to be beneficial for hip fracture patients in terms of reducing readmissions and mortality. Of the other care-related factors, short delay from admission to surgery and short total length of stay in the operating hospital was also associated with these outcomes, which, however, may relate to the effects of patient characteristics rather than the care process.
Potential antipsychotic action of the selective agonist of adenosine A1 receptors, 5′-Cl-5′-deoxy-ENBA, in amphetamine and MK-801 rat models
Authors: Ossowska Krystyna , Kosmowska Barbara , Wardas Jadwiga 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Disturbances of dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmissions have been suggested to be involved in the pathomechanisms underlying psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. In line with this concept, hyperlocomotion induced by the dopaminomimetic amphetamine and the uncompetitive antagonist of NMDA receptors MK-801 (dizocilpine) in rodents is a generally established model for screening of new potential antipsychotic drugs. Since recent studies have indicated that receptors for adenosine may be targets for antipsychotic therapy, the aim of the present study was to investigate an influence of 5′-Cl-5′-deoxy-ENBA, a potent and selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist, on hyperlocomotion induced by amphetamine and MK-801.

Methods
Locomotor activity was measured by Force Plate Actimeters where four force transducers located below the corners of the floor of the cage tracked the animal position on a Cartesian plane at each time point.

Results
Hyperlocomotion induced by either amphetamine (1 mg/kg sc) or MK-801 (0.3 mg/kg ip) was inhibited by 5′-Cl-5′-deoxy-ENBA (0.1 mg/kg ip). The effect of 5′-Cl-5′-deoxy-ENBA on the amphetamine- and MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion was antagonized by the selective antagonist of adenosine A1 receptor DPCPX at doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg ip, respectively.

Conclusion
The present study suggests that stimulation of adenosine A1 receptors may produce antipsychotic effects.
Tung Tree (Vernicia Fordii) Genome Provides A Resource for Understanding Genome Evolution and Improved Oil Production
Authors: Zhang Lin , Liu Meilan , Long Hongxu , Dong Wei , Pasha Asher , Esteban Eddi , Li Wenying , Yang Xiaoming , Li Ze , Song Aixia , Ran Duo , Zhao Guang , Zeng Yanling , Chen Hao , Zou Ming , Li Jingjing , Liang Fan , Xie Meili , Hu Jiang , Wang Depeng , Cao Heping , Provart Nicholas J. , Zhang Liangsheng , Tan Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Tung tree (Vernicia fordii) is an economically important woody oil plant that produces tung oil rich in eleostearic acid. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence of tung tree. The genome sequence was assembled by combining Illumina short reads, Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time long reads, and Hi-C sequencing data. The size of tung tree genome is 1.12 Gb, with 28,422 predicted genes and over 73% repeat sequences. The V. fordii underwent an ancient genome triplication event shared by core eudicots but no further whole-genome duplication in the subsequent ca. 34.55 million years of evolutionary history of the tung tree lineage. Insertion time analysis revealed that repeat-driven genome expansion might have arisen as a result of long-standing long terminal repeat retrotransposon bursts and lack of efficient DNA deletion mechanisms. The genome harbors 88 resistance genes encoding nucleotide-binding sites; 17 of these genes may be involved in early-infection stage of Fusarium wilt resistance. Further, 651 oil-related genes were identified, 88 of which are predicted to be directly involved in tung oil biosynthesis. Relatively few phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes, and synergistic effects between transcription factors and oil biosynthesis-related genes might contribute to the high oil content of tung seed. The tung tree genome constitutes a valuable resource for understanding genome evolution, as well as for molecular breeding and genetic improvements for oil production.
Advanced malicious beaconing detection through AI
Authors: Borchani Yessine 
Published: March 2020

As efforts to more securely protect the world's privacy and data continue to improve, with the introduction of stricter compliance regulations and the deployment of increasingly complex network infrastructures, so too has enterprise adoption of and reliance on encryption. Cryptographic encryption protocols, namely secure sockets layer (SSL) and its successor, transport layer security (TLS), were estimated by Gartner to be implemented across 80% of enterprise web traffic in 2019, and the Ponemon Institute found that 43% of organisations had a consistent, enterprise-wide encryption strategy in place in 2018. 1,2 As efforts to more securely protect the world's privacy and data continue to improve, so too has enterprise adoption of and reliance on encryption. However, threat actors have also started to leverage encryption and are hiding their nefarious activities among regular encrypted traffic, making malicious packets nearly impossible to detect. Fortunately, by using AI, enterprises can achieve a quicker and more accurate analysis of all traffic on their network to check for beaconing behaviour, explains Yessine Borchani of Barac.
Maintaining a balance between agility and security in the cloud
Authors: Dyess Colby 
Published: March 2020

In order to be more responsive to ever-changing consumer needs, the modern enterprise is built with agility at its core. As traditional security tools and processes were designed for a less-dynamic landscape, organisations were led to trade security for agility. In this era of increasingly aggressive cyberthreats and ever more costly regulatory fines, this is a grave mistake. To protect the enterprise in 2020, IT leaders need to restore and maintain the balance between agility and security. The modern enterprise is built with agility at its core. But most security tools and processes were designed for a less-dynamic landscape and so organisations have traded security for agility. IT leaders need to restore the balance between agility and security. However, it is arguably more difficult to do this than ever before, in part due to a tectonic shift towards the cloud. However, by adopting cloud-native and DevOps practices, and placing a focus on security policy, IT security can help the enterprise achieve that necessary balance, argues Colby Dyess at Tufin.
Intermittent structural weakening and acceleration of the Thwaites Glacier Tongue between 2000 and 2018
Authors: Miles B. W. J. , Stokes C. R. , Jenkins A. , Jordan J. R. , Jamieson S. S. R. , Gudmundsson G. H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEvolving conditions at the terminus of Thwaites Glacier will be important in determining the rate of its future sea-level contribution over the coming decades. Here, we use remote-sensing observations to investigate recent changes (2000–2018) in the structure and velocity of Thwaites Glacier and its floating tongue. We show that the main trunk of Thwaites Glacier has accelerated by 38% over this period, while its previously intact floating tongue has transitioned to a weaker mélange of fractured icebergs bounded by sea ice. However, the rate of structural weakening and acceleration was not uniform across the observational period and we identify two periods of rapid acceleration and structural weakening (2006–2012; 2016–2018), separated by a period of deceleration and re-advance of the structurally-intact shear margin boundary (2012–2015). The timing of these accelerations/decelerations strongly suggests a link to variable ocean forcing. The weakened tongue now has some dependency on landfast sea ice for structural integrity and is vulnerable to changes in landfast ice persistency. Future reductions in landfast sea ice could manifest from changes in climate and/or the imminent removal of the B-22A iceberg from the Thwaites embayment. Such changes could have important implications for the integrity of the ice tongue and future glacier discharge.
Plasma magnesium and the risk of new-onset hyperuricaemia in hypertensive patients
Authors: Cao Jingjing , Zhang Jingping , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Huan , Jiang Chongfei , Lin Tengfei , Zhou Ziyi , Song Yun , Liu Chengzhang , Liu Lishun , Wang Binyan , Li Jianping , Zhang Yan , Cui Yimin , Huo Yong , Wang Xiaobin , Zhang Hao , Qin Xianhui , Xu Xiping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the relationship of plasma Mg with the risk of new-onset hyperuricaemia and examine any possible effect modifiers in hypertensive patients. This is a post hoc analysis of the Uric acid (UA) Sub-study of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT). A total of 1685 participants were included in the present study. The main outcome was new-onset hyperuricaemia defined as a UA concentration ≥417 μmol/l in men or ≥357 μmol/l in women. The secondary outcome was a change in UA concentration defined as UA at the exit visit minus that at baseline. During a median follow-up duration of 4·3 years, new-onset hyperuricaemia occurred in 290 (17·2 %) participants. There was a significantly inverse relation of plasma Mg with the risk of new-onset hyperuricaemia (per sd increment; OR 0·85; 95 % CI 0·74, 0·99) and change in UA levels (per sd increment; β −3·96 μmol/l; 95 % CI −7·14, −0·79). Consistently, when plasma Mg was analysed as tertiles, a significantly lower risk of new-onset hyperuricaemia (OR 0·67; 95 % CI 0·48, 0·95) and less increase in UA levels (β −8·35 μmol/l; 95 % CI −16·12, −0·58) were found among participants in tertile 3 (≥885·5 μmol/l) compared with those in tertile 1 (<818·9 μmol/l). Similar trends were found in males and females. Higher plasma Mg levels were associated with a decreased risk of new-onset hyperuricaemia in hypertensive adults.
Has Russia heard about the European Union’s Arcticness? The EU’s Arctic steps as seen from Russia
Authors: Skripnikova Natalia , Raspotnik Andreas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEver since 2007/2008, the European Union (EU) and its various institutional actors have been developing a dedicated EU Arctic policy, setting common positions, stressing the EU’s Arctic credentials and prominently expressing its own “Arcticness”. These Arctic steps have been thoroughly scrutinised over the past decade. Yet, research has almost ignored one particular pillar of the EU’s Arctic endeavour: the “Arctic exception” in EU–Russia relations and the related lack of a distinct Russian dimension in the EU’s Arctic policy. Similarly, little is known of how the Russian side views the EU’s Arctic policy steps taken since 2008. The extensive transdisciplinary literature on EU–Russia relations has basically ignored how the EU has been represented in Russia ever since 1991. This article examines EU and Russian Arctic policies and their relations in the European North. In attempting to explore how the EU’s “Arcticness” has been presented, narrated and perceived in Russian media between 2008 and 2018, we draw upon an analysis of articles published on various Russian media platforms during that period. The study identified four core narratives of the EU’s engagement in the Arctic: the EU as player, as seeker, as prohibitor and as partner. These narratives provide evidence of the “Arctic exception” in EU–Russia relations, as well as offering some related explanations.
Three‐to‐Six‐Day Air–Sea Oscillation in Models and Observations
Authors: Strobach Ehud , Molod Andrea , Trayanov Atanas , Forget Gael , Campin Jean‐Michel , Hill Chris , Menemenlis Dimitris 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnalysis of coupled ocean‐atmosphere numerical simulations revealed a widespread oscillation of sea surface temperature (SST) and surface wind anomalies with a cyclic nature characterized by a period of 3 to 6 days. Similar oscillations were also found in buoy data at different locations around the globe and in an atmospheric reanalysis, albeit the oscillations were noisier and stronger in the observations, and they were weaker and longer period in the atmospheric reanalysis. These oscillations did not, however, develop in an atmosphere‐only simulation, suggesting the importance of ocean–atmosphere coupling for simulating this phenomenon. We propose a mechanism for this interaction involving a feedback between SST and surface wind.
Detection of Extreme and Exceptional Langmuir Wave Packets in Solar Type III Radio Bursts
Authors: Thejappa G. , MacDowall R. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report the STEREO observations of two extreme and exceptional Langmuir wave packets, which are the most intense wave packets ever detected in solar type III bursts; their peak intensities Et∼ 215 and ∼ 161 mVm−1 beat out the previous 107 mVm−1 record, reported by Thejappa and MacDowall (2018a; https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaca3b). These observations provide new evidence for (1) the four‐wave interaction called the oscillating two‐stream instability (OTSI), which is the coupling of two beam‐excited Langmuir waves with an ion sound wave yielding downshifted and upshifted side bands, and (2) Langmuir solitons formed as a result of OTSI, and (3) density cavities created by their ponderomotive forces. The fast Fourier transform spectra of these wave packets provide what is believed to be the first evidence for harmonics of the electron plasma frequency, fpe up to the order of 5 with peak intensities falling off with increasing harmonic number. The higher order spectral analysis indicates that these harmonics probably correspond to the electromagnetic waves excited as a result of various three‐wave interactions. We argue that although the observed characteristics also indicate that these wave packets could be collapsing wave packets formed as a result of nucleation instability, the observed evidence for OTSI and Langmuir solitons trapped inside the self‐generated density cavities strongly favor the OTSI as the route for the spatial collapse of Langmuir waves in the present case. The implication of these findings for theories of solar type III radio bursts is discussed.
Enabling High‐Performance Cloud Computing for Earth Science Modeling on Over a Thousand Cores: Application to the GEOS‐Chem Atmospheric Chemistry Model
Authors: Zhuang Jiawei , Jacob Daniel J. , Lin Haipeng , Lundgren Elizabeth W. , Yantosca Robert M. , Gaya Judit Flo , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Eastham Sebastian D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCloud computing platforms can facilitate the use of Earth science models by providing immediate access to fully configured software, massive computing power, and large input data sets. However, slow internode communication performance has previously discouraged the use of cloud platforms for massively parallel simulations. Here we show that recent advances in the network performance on the Amazon Web Services cloud enable efficient model simulations with over a thousand cores. The choices of Message Passing Interface library configuration and internode communication protocol are critical to this success. Application to the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)‐Chem global 3‐D chemical transport model at 50‐km horizontal resolution shows efficient scaling up to at least 1,152 cores, with performance and cost comparable to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Pleiades supercomputing cluster.
Ultrasound of acquired posterior fossa abnormalities in the newborn
Authors:   eurUS.brain group, Fumagalli Monica , Parodi Alessandro , Ramenghi Luca , Limperopoulos Catherine , Steggerda Sylke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeonatal brain sonography is part of routine clinical practice in neonatal intensive care units, but ultrasound imaging of the posterior fossa has gained increasing attention since the burden of perinatal acquired posterior fossa abnormalities and their impact on motor and cognitive neurodevelopmental outcome have been recognized. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often superior, posterior fossa abnormalities can be suspected or detected by optimized cranial ultrasound (CUS) scans, which allow an early and bed-side diagnosis and monitoring through sequential scans over a long period of time. Different ultrasound appearances and injury patterns of posterior fossa abnormalities are described according to gestational age at birth and characteristics of the pathogenetic insult. The aim of this review article is to describe options to improve posterior fossa sequential CUS image quality, including the use of supplemental acoustic windows, to show standard views and normal ultrasound anatomy of the posterior fossa, and to describe the ultrasound characteristics of acquired posterior fossa lesions in preterm and term infants with effect on long-term outcome. The limitations and pitfalls of CUS and the role of MRI are discussed.
Cranial ultrasound findings in preterm germinal matrix haemorrhage, sequelae and outcome
Authors:   eurUS.brain group, Parodi Alessandro , Govaert Paul , Horsch Sandra , Bravo Marìa Carmen , Ramenghi Luca A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGerminal matrix-intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH-IVH), periventricular haemorrhagic infarction (PHI) and its complication, post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD), are still common neonatal morbidities in preterm infants that are highly associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Typical cranial ultrasound (CUS) findings of GMH-IVH, PHI and PHVD, their anatomical substrates and underlying mechanisms are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, we propose a detailed descriptive classification of GMH-IVH and PHI that may improve quality of CUS reporting and prediction of outcome in infants suffering from GMH-IVH/PHI.
The development and validation of a cerebral ultrasound scoring system for infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Annink Kim V. , de Vries Linda S. , Groenendaal Floris , Vijlbrief Daniel C. , Weeke Lauren C. , Roehr Charles C. , Lequin Maarten , Reiss Irwin , Govaert Paul , Benders Manon J. N. L. , Dudink Jeroen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. When the gold standard MRI is not feasible, cerebral ultrasound (CUS) might offer an alternative. In this study, the association between a novel CUS scoring system and neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates with HIE was assessed.

Methods
(Near-)term infants with HIE and therapeutic hypothermia, a CUS on day 1 and day 3–7 after birth and available outcome data were retrospectively included in cohort I. CUS findings on day 1 and day 3–7 were related to adverse outcome in univariate and the CUS of day 3–7 also in multivariable logistic regression analyses. The resistance index, the sum of deep grey matter and of white matter involvement were included in multivariable logistic regression analyses. A comparable cohort from another hospital was used for validation (cohort II).

Results
Eighty-three infants were included in cohort I and 35 in cohort II. The final CUS scoring system contained the sum of white matter (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.5–4.7) and deep grey matter involvement (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.7–4.4). The CUS scoring system performed well in cohort I (AUC = 0.90) and II (AUC = 0.89).

Conclusion
This validated CUS scoring system is associated with neurodevelopmental outcome in neonates with HIE.