bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of olfactory and visual cues for conservation biological control of crape myrtle bark scale in urban landscapes
Authors: Ibiyemi Oluwatomi D , Carroll Elijah P , Held David W , Chicas‐Mosier Ana M 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcanthacoccus lagerstroemiae (crape myrtle bark scale, CMBS) is an exotic scale insect that feeds on the sap of crape myrtle trees. Heavy infestations of CMBS reduce flowering and honeydew promotes sooty mold growth on the leaves and branches, reducing the aesthetic value of crape myrtle trees in urban landscapes. Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are generalist predators that feed on CMBS. Several laboratory and field studies have demonstrated the attraction of lady beetles to olfactory and visual cues. We evaluated lady beetles’ responses to olfactory lures and yellow visual attractants on infested potted and landscape trees to increase natural enemy recruitment and reduce dependence on chemical control methods.RESULTSGas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis showed that limonene is the dominant volatile compound released by crape myrtles infested with CMBS. Limonene and methyl salicylate lures, alone or in combination, failed to reduce CMBS or recruit additional lady beetles to infested trees in all experiments. Yellow rectangular panels placed 1 m above the base of an infested tree recruited up to twofold more lady beetles than control trees; however, this was not statistically significant. A significant reduction in CMBS was observed on infested trees with yellow rectangular panels placed in the canopy.CONCLUSIONYellow rectangular panels are more likely to recruit lady beetles than limonene or methyl salicylate lures in an urban landscape. Management of CMBS is currently achieved using systemic insecticides. This study provides a basis for conservation biological control of CMBS through the recruitment of lady beetles, a significant advancement toward integrated management of this exotic pest. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Removal of Methyl Green by CuO/COF Photocatalysts with Enhanced Adsorption and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Wang Aijuan , Chen Xiaping , Tang Hanmin , Huang Fei , Yao Dongmei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, copper oxide/covalent organic framework (CuO/COF) composites were prepared and investigated the photocatalytic performances for the removal of dyes. The characterization results of FTIR, XRD, and XPS, all proved that the CuO/COF composite were successfully prepared. The mapping of CuO/COF showed that the Cu element was uniformly distributed in the COF. After CuO was composited with COF, the energy band gap Eg decreased from 1.14 eV to 0.81 eV. The highest photocatalytic degradation rate of the CuO/COF composite was 94.00%. At the same time, the photocatalytic wavelength could be shifted from 254 nm to 356 nm. The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of the CuO/COF composite was attributed to the increase in carrier transfer rate and the increase in the active sites. These results show that the CuO/COF photocatalyst has a strong potential for removing organic dyes under light of 254–356 nm, which also provides a certain reference value for the development of photocatalytic materials.
Nanocompression of 20 nm Silver Nanoparticles: In situ Aberration‐Corrected TEM and Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Carlton Christopher Earl , Zorro Fátima , Caturla Maria José , Aoki Toshihiro , Zhu Yimei , Amodeo Jonathan , Ferreira Paulo Jorge 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSingle‐crystalline nanoparticles play an increasingly important role in a wide variety of fields including pharmaceuticals, advanced materials, catalysts for fuel cells, energy materials, as well as environmental detection and monitoring. Yet, the deformation mechanisms of very small nanoparticles are still poorly understood, in particular the role played by single dislocations and their interaction with surfaces. In this work, silver nanoparticles with particularly small dimensions (≈20 nanometers in diameter) are compressed in situ in an aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. During compression, the emergence of both dislocations and nanotwins are observed. However, these defects prove to be unstable and disappear upon removal of the indenter. Atomistic simulations confirm the role played by image stresses associated with the nearby surfaces and the reduction in dislocation line length as it approaches the free surface, thereby supporting the experimental observations. These results provide justification for the frequent observation of the absence of dislocations in nanoparticles of a few nanometers in size during in situ experiments, even after significant deformation. This phenomenon contributes to the self‐healing of samples through dislocation ejection toward the surfaces.
Advances of New Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Detection Technologies in Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Liu Zhihan , Pang Bairen , Wang Yuhui , Zheng Jianping , Li Yong , Jiang Junhui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCancer is a global health issue threatening people's lives. Currently, cancer detection methods still have a lot of room for improvement in both efficiency and accuracy. The development and application of new technologies are urgently required for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a type of phospholipid bilayer vesicle secreted by cells and play an important role in cancer development and metastasis. These small vesicles participate in cancer information transmission, antigen presentation, angiogenesis, immune response, tumor invasion, and mediate signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Liquid biopsy of EV cargo contents is a fast‐developing research area, holding promise for early cancer diagnosis and monitoring cancer progression in real‐time. However, current EV detection technologies for clinical translation are still facing many challenges. Recent advancements in developing techniques for EV isolation and detection have made significant progress and are paving the way toward clinical application. Here, the advantages and limitations of traditional EV detection and isolation technologies in cancer diagnosis and prognosis are reviewed. The review also focuses on emerging EV detection and isolation technologies in cancer, discusses the challenges faced by current methods, and explores the perspective of new EV detection techniques for future cancer diagnosis.
Cuproptosis and Serine Metabolism Blockade Triggered by Copper‐Based Prussian Blue Nanomedicine for Enhanced Tumor Therapy
Authors: Ma Qiang , Gao Shanshan , Li Chaoyang , Yao Junjie , Xie Yumeng , Jiang Cong , Yuan Jie , Fei Ke , Zhang Peng , Wang Hui , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCuproptosis, a newly defined cell death process, represents a novel modality with significant therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the modest concentration and transient half‐life of copper ions in the bloodstream constrain their efficient delivery into tumor cells. In this study, a copper‐based prussian blue nanostructure loaded with serine metabolic inhibitor (NCT‐503@Cu‐HMPB) is constructed for selectively inducing cuproptosis combined with disrupting serine metabolism. Released within the tumor cells, NCT‐503 is found to inhibit cellular serine metabolism and GSH production, ultimately causing metabolic dysfunction, redox imbalance, and increased the formation of Cu+ that disrupts mitochondrial respiration chain, inducing lipoylated protein dihydrolipoamide S‐acetyltransferase (DLAT) aggregation and consequential iron‐sulfur cluster protein loss, which leads to proteotoxic stress and ultimately results in cell death. The findings provide a novel paradigm for tumor therapy based on cuproptosis and metabolic reprogramming, offering prospects for the development of innovative nanotherapeutic platforms in the future.
Stable, Full‐Color, Long‐Lasting Aqueous Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Tang Zhaorun , Zeng Jianwen , Guan Zhihao , Zheng Yuewei , Liu Xinghai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUltralong room‐temperature phosphorescent (URTP) materials have garnered significant attention in anti‐counterfeiting, optoelectronic displays, and bio‐imaging due to their unique optical properties. However, most URTP materials exhibit weak emission or are quenched in aqueous solutions. This study proposes a simple and effective strategy for preparing full‐color aqueous URTP materials using a one‐step microwave method. Guest molecules are embedded in a rigid cyanuric acid (CA) matrix formed from urea. By enhancing the conjugation of the guest molecules, a series of full‐color URTP materials is successfully produced. These materials exhibit excellent phosphorescent properties, with a maximum phosphorescent lifetime of 7.96 s. Protected by the CA matrix, they retain phosphorescence even in aqueous environments, displaying an afterglow visible to the naked eye for over 30 s in water. Additionally, under low water content conditions, the materials exhibit exceptional water‐enhanced properties, achieving a phosphorescence quantum yield (PhQY) of 40.4%. Importantly, these aqueous URTP materials can be prepared in just 5 min, showcasing great potential in information encryption and afterglow displays.
Reaction Intermediates Involved in the Epoxidation of Ethylene Over Silver Revealed by In Situ Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Man , Dongfang Nanchen , Liu Qiang , Iannuzzi Marcella , van Bokhoven Jeroen Anton , Artiglia Luca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEthylene oxide (EO) is a crucial building block in the chemical industry, and its production via ethylene epoxidation (EPO) is a pivotal process. Silver‐based catalysts are known for their high selectivity and are currently largely used in the industrial process. Extensive research over the past 20 years has assumed the oxametallacycle (OMC) as a reaction intermediate, implying that ethylene reacts with adsorbed oxygen on the surface of silver. The OMC is suggested to be the common intermediate for both EO and acetaldehyde, with the latter rapidly converting into carbon dioxide. However, the detection of such intermediate is challenging. In this study, in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with density functional theory calculations is employed to investigate reaction intermediates formed during EPO on silver. The findings reveal that adsorbed EO is detected as a direct product of ethylene oxidation. Adsorbed ethylene is easily dehydrogenated to form C₂Hx (x = 1–3) species. C₂Hx, carbon monoxide, and carbonate are identified as precursors to carbon dioxide. A new methodical interpretation of complex spectral features is provided, which clarifies previous assignments. Notably, the OMC is detected neither under EPO nor under EO decomposition conditions, thus challenging the role of OMC in the reaction mechanism.
Intelligent Generic High‐Throughput Oscillatory Shear Technology Fabricates Programmable Microrobots for Real‐Time Visual Guidance During Embolization
Authors: Peng Xuqi , Tang Haitian , Zhao Zhenwen , Zheng Yating , Gui Xiran , Jiang Aijun , He Pan , Wen Xiaofei , Zhang Qian , Mei Ziyang , Shi Yesi , Chu Chengchao , Zhang Yang , Liu Gang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicrorobots for endovascular embolization face challenges in precise delivery within dynamic blood vessels. Here, an intelligent generic high‐throughput oscillatory shear technology (iGHOST) is proposed to fabricate diversely programmable, multifunctional microrobots capable of real‐time visual guidance for in vivo endovascular embolization. Leveraging machine learning (ML), key synthesis parameters affecting the success and sphericity of the microrobots are identified. Therefore, the ML‐optimized iGHOST enables continuous production of uniform microrobots with programmable sizes (400−1000 µm) at an ultrahigh rate exceeding 240 mL h−1 by oscillatory segmenting fluid into droplets before ionic cross‐linking, and without requiring purification. Particularly, the iGHOST‐fabricated magnetically responsive lipiodol‐calcium alginate (MagLiCA) microrobots are highly distinguishable under X‐ray imaging, which allows for precise navigation in fluid flows of up to 4 mL min−1 and accurate embolization in liver and kidney blood vessels, thus addressing the current issues. Crucially, MagLiCA microrobots possess drug‐loading capabilities, enabling simultaneous embolization and site‐specific treatment. The iGHOST process is an intelligent, rapid, and green manufacturing method, which can produce size‐controllable, multifunctional microrobots with the potential for precise drug delivery and treatment under real‐time imaging across various medical applications.
Machine Learning‐Engineered Nanozyme System for Synergistic Anti‐Tumor Ferroptosis/Apoptosis Therapy
Authors: Li Tianliang , Cao Bin , Su Tianhao , Lin Lixing , Wang Dong , Liu Xinting , Wan Haoyu , Ji Haiwei , He Zixuan , Chen Yingying , Feng Lingyan , Zhang Tong‐Yi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanozymes with multienzyme‐like activity have sparked significant interest in anti‐tumor therapy via responding to the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the consequent induction of protective autophagy substantially compromises the therapeutic efficacy. Here, a targeted nanozyme system (Fe‐Arg‐CDs@ZIF‐8/HAD, FZH) is shown, which enhances synergistic anti‐tumor ferroptosis/apoptosis therapy by leveraging machine learning (ML). A novel ML model, termed the sequential backward Tree‐Classifier for Gaussian Process Regression (TCGPR), is proposed to improve data pattern recognition following the divide‐and‐conquer principle. Based on this, a Bayesian optimization algorithm is employed to select candidates from the extensive search space. Leveraging this fresh material discovery framework, a novel strategy for enhancing nanozyme‐based tumor therapy, has been developed. The results reveal that FZH effectively exerts anti‐tumor effects by sequentially responding to the TME, having a cascade reaction to induce ferroptosis. Moreover, the endogenous elevation of high concentration nitric oxide (NO) serves as a direct mechanism for killing tumor cells while concurrently suppressing the protective autophagy induced by oxidative stress (OS), enhancing synergistic ferroptosis/apoptosis therapy. Overall, a novel strategy for improving nanozyme‐based tumor therapy has been proposed, underlying the integration of ML, experiments, and biological applications.
Freeze‐Thaw‐Induced Patterning of Extracellular Vesicles with Artificial Intelligence for Breast Cancers Identifications
Authors: Xie Han , Chen Dongjuan , Lei Mengcheng , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhao Xudong , Ren Xueqing , Shi Jinyun , Yuan Huijuan , Li Pengjie , Zhu Xubing , Du Wei , Feng Xiaojun , Liu Xin , Li Yiwei , Chen Peng , Liu Bi‐Feng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of cancer. The efficient isolation and analysis of EVs for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis have gained significant attention. In this study, for the first time, a rapid and visually detectable method termed freeze‐thaw‐induced floating patterns of gold nanoparticles (FTFPA) is proposed, which surpasses current state‐of‐the‐art technologies by achieving a 100 fold improvement in the limit of detection of EVs. Notably, it allows for multi‐dimensional visualizations of EVs through site‐specific oligonucleotide incorporation. This capability empowers FTFPA to accurately identify EVs derived from subtypes of breast cancers with artificial intelligence algorithms. Intriguingly, learning the freezing‐thawing‐microstructures of EVs with a random forest algorithm is not only able to distinguish their original cell lines (with an accuracy of 95.56%), but also succeed in processing clinical samples (n = 156) to identify EVs by their healthy donors, breast lump and breast cancer subtypes (Luminal A, Triple‐negative breast cancer, and Luminal B) with an accuracy of 83.33%. Therefore, this AI‐empowered micro‐visualization method establishes a rapid and precise point‐of‐care platform that is applicable to both fundamental research and clinical settings.
Decoupling Conductivity, Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rate, and Diffusion in Organic Molecular Electrocatalysis: Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)
Authors: Sepat Neha , Vagin Mikhail , Carli Stefano , Marchini Edoardo , Caramori Stefano , Zhang Qilun , Braun Slawomir , Wu Zhixing , Ding Penghui , Wijeratne Kosala , Petsagkourakis Ioannis , Ail Ujwala , Pavlopoulou Eleni , Ruoko Tero‐Petri , Fabiano Simone , Tybrandt Klas , Fahlman Mats , Crispin Reverant , Berggren Magnus , Gueskine Viktor , Engquist Isak 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe electrified production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is attractive to increase the sustainability of chemical industry. Here the same chains of intrinsically conductive polymer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) are utilized, as ORR electrocatalyst, while varying polymeric primary dopants (PSS and Nafion) and the level of secondary doping with DMSO. These changes modulate various properties of the film, such as its microscale organization and electronic conductivity. The aim here is to clearly decouple the rate of the heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) of ORR from the diffusion affected by electronic conductivity and the electrochemically available surface area. It is found that the rate of HET and the double layer capacitance are significantly affected by primary dopant. On the contrary, secondary doping shows very little effect on the rate of HET. However, such secondary doping resulted in the increase of both electrochemically available surface area and the diffusion through the polymer film. This effect is attributed to a few orders increase of the electronic conductivity in the film improving availability of the polymer for electron transfer. The enhancement of diffusion upon the secondary doping of conducting polymer is utilized to improve direct conversion of air into H2O2 on gas diffusion electrode.
2D Carbon‐Anchored Platinum‐Based Nanodot Arrays as Efficient Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Xu Zhen , Hu Xing , Jiang Xiaojie , Zhu Shan , Lei Kaixiang , Pi Yecan , Jiang Kezhu , Zheng Shijian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUltrafine Pt‐based alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon substrates have attracted significant attention due to their catalytic potential. Nevertheless, ensuring the stability of these nanoparticles remains a critical challenge, impeding their broad application. In this work, novel nanodot arrays (NAs) are introduced where superfine alloy nanoparticles are uniformly implanted in a 2D carbon substrate and securely anchored. Electrochemical testing of the PtCo NAs demonstrates exceptional methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity, achieving 1.25 A mg−1. Moreover, the PtCo NAs exhibit outstanding stability throughout the testing period, underscoring the effectiveness of the anchoring mechanism. Comprehensive characterization and theoretical calculations reveal that the 2D carbon‐anchored structure optimizes the electronic structure and coordination environment of Pt, restricts nanoparticle migration, and suppresses transition metal dissolution. This strategy represents a major advancement in addressing the stability limitations of ultrafine nanoparticles in catalytic applications and offers broader insights into the design of next‐generation catalysts with enhanced durability and performance.
Clinical relevance of calprotectin in patients with perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease and cryptoglandular fistulas
Authors: Becker Marte A. J. , Stevens Toer W. , de Voogd Floris A. E. , Wildenberg Manon E. , D’Haens Geert R. A. M. , Gecse Krisztina B. , Buskens Christianne J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPrevious literature suggests that faecal calprotectin (FC) discriminates Crohn's disease perianal fistulas from cryptoglandular fistulas, irrespective of luminal disease. This study aims to prospectively validate this and analyse if increased local fistula calprotectin levels are associated with fistula characteristics.MethodsIn this prospective study, all consecutive patients with an active perianal fistula undergoing examination under anaesthesia were included. Faecal and fistula tract scraping calprotectin levels were determined. The primary objective was to analyse whether FC levels could be used to differentiate between Crohn's disease and cryptoglandular perianal fistulas. Secondary outcome parameters were the levels of local calprotectin in fistula scrapings and their correlation with fistula characteristics.ResultsSixty‐three patients were included in this study (perianal Crohn's disease; 45, cryptoglandular; 18). Faecal calprotectin levels were significantly higher in Crohn's disease patients compared with cryptoglandular fistula (354.3 [58.8–1076.3] vs. 47.3 [14.6–233.6] μg/g, p = 0.003). Faecal calprotectin could accurately discriminate Crohn's disease patients with active luminal disease from patients without luminal disease (median [interquartile range]) (1167.0 [557.0–2806.3] vs. 93.0 [47.5–571.6] μg/g, p = 0.001). Faecal calprotectin was not related to calprotectin levels in fistula scrapings. No fistula characteristic was found to be correlated to scraping calprotectin, but a correlation was found with the TOpCLASS classification system, which stratifies fistulas according to disease severity and outcome: class 2a (amenable for repair), class 2b (symptom control) and class 2c (gradually debilitating disease): 140[31.0–149.0]) μg/g versus 706[198.5–1936] μg/g versus 4000[1337–5894] μg/g, p < 0.001). Scraping calprotectin was also related to pronounced hyperintensity of the fistula tract on MRI in Crohn's disease patients: (69.0[30.0–821.0] vs. 1284.0[204.3–4185.5]; p = 0.01)) and cryptoglandular patients: (30.0[13.5–80.5] vs. 3012.0 [923.8–5021.0]; p = 0.002).ConclusionCrohn's disease and cryptoglandular perianal fistulas differ in FC levels. Local fistula calprotectin production did not explain this difference, implying FC reflects the luminal condition. A correlation exists between scraping calprotectin levels and Crohn's disease fistula severity, which could be clinically relevant for prognostic cohorts and tailored treatment.
Turbulent/Non-turbulent Interface in High Reynolds Number Pressure Gradient Boundary Layers
Authors: Marusic Ivan , Abu Rowin Wagih , Lozier Mitchell , Lindić Luka , Zarei Ahmad , Deshpande Rahul 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe report two-dimensional particle image velocimetry experiments in high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers imposed with a moderately strong streamwise pressure gradient. The unique aspect of these data are the highly resolved measurements across the outer region of a physically thick boundary layer, enabling accurate detection of turbulent/non-turbulent interfaces (TNTI). The present dataset is used to detect the TNTI of an adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer and compare its characteristics with that for a zero-pressure gradient boundary layer, at a nominally similar friction Reynolds number. It is found that the TNTI exists across a broader range of wall-normal distance in presence of an adverse pressure gradient, as compared to the zero-pressure gradient case. Implications on conditionally averaged turbulence statistics are discussed based on detection of the TNTI.