bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum concentrations of myoglobin vs human heart-type cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding protein in early detection of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Ishii Junnichi , Wang Jian-hua , Naruse Hiroyuki , Taga Shinn , Kinoshita Masatomo , Kurokawa Hiroshi , Iwase Masatsugu , Kondo Takeshi , Nomura Masanori , Nagamura Youichi , Watanabe Yoshihiko , Hishida Hitoshi , Tanaka Takao , Kawamura Keishiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We compared the diagnostic utility of serum concentrations of human heart-type cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABPc), myoglobin, and their ratio for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 104 healthy volunteers and 165 patients at admission within 6 h of the onset of chest pain. The ROC curves of the H-FABPc [0.946, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.913–0.979] and myoglobin (0.895, 95% CI = 0.846–0.944) between patients with AMI and healthy volunteers were significantly greater than the area under the ratio of myoglobin to H-FABPc (0.823, 95% CI = 0.765–0.881). In 165 patients, the sensitivity (81.8%, 95% CI = 74.2–89.4%), specificity (86.4%, 95% CI = 78.1–94.6%), and predictive accuracy (83.6%, 95% CI = 78.0–89.3%) of H-FABPc &gt;12 μg/L in diagnosing AMI were significantly higher than those of myoglobin, and were similar to those of the combination of H-FABPc &gt;12 μg/L and the ratio ≤14. We conclude that H-FABPc is a more sensitive and specific marker than myoglobin for the early diagnosis of AMI, and that their ratio cannot give a clear advantage over the measurement of H-FABPc alone.
Radioimmunoassay of cortisone in serum, urine, and saliva to assess the status of the cortisol–cortisone shuttle
Authors: Morineau Gilles , Boudi Ahmed , Barka Ahmed , Gourmelen Micheline , Degeilh Françoise , Hardy Noah , Al-Halnak Akram , Soliman Hany , Gosling James P , Julien René , Brerault Jean-Louis , Boudou Philippe , Aubert Philippe , Villette Jean-Marie , Pruna André , Galons Hervé , Fiet Jean 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have developed a new assay for cortisone (E) in serum, saliva, and urine involving Celite® chromatography followed by RIA with 125I-labeled E and scintillation proximity assay. The chromatography step separates cortisol (F) from E, and in combination with their RIAs, permits assessment of the status of the F–E shuttle. We report the results of basal, postcorticotropin (ACTH), and postdexamethasone E and F concentrations and their circadian fluctuations in the serum, saliva, and urine of healthy volunteers. The serum and urine F/E ratios were increased in patients with ectopic ACTH secretion, whereas in adrenal adenoma and Cushing disease only the urinary ratio was increased. In chronic renal insufficiency this ratio was increased in serum (23.5 ± 3.9) but diminished in saliva (0.38 ± 0.11), and in apparent mineralocorticoid excess the ratios were high in serum (44.3 ± 9.3) and urine (5.35 ± 0.85) compared with those of healthy subjects (serum 9.8 ± 3.5, urine 0.52 ± 0.29, saliva 0.52 ± 0.29).
Samples from Patients to Laboratories. Walter Guder, Sheshadri Narayanan, Hermann Wisser, Bernd Zawta. Darmstadt: Git Verlag, 1996, 101 pp., 48 DM. ISBN 3–928865-22-6.
Authors: Calam Roger R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An Analytical and Clinical Comparison of ACST BR with Two Other Breast Tumor Marker Assays Houser, S.M., Maimonis, P.J. Chiron Diagnostics, East Walpole, MA
Xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity: mechanisms of liver injury and methods of monitoring hepatic function
Authors: Sturgill Marc G , Lambert George H 
Published: January 2020

AbstractXenobiotic-induced liver injury is a clinically important etiology of hepatic disease that, if not recognized, can lead to hepatic failure. In this article we discuss the mechanisms of xenobiotic-induced liver injury, various factors that can alter the risk and severity of injury, the clinical and laboratory manifestations of injury, and the methods used to detect the presence of injury and (or) functioning liver mass.
Assessment of liver function: pre- and peritransplant evaluation
Authors: Shaked Abraham , Nunes Fredrick A , Olthoff Kim M , Lucey Michael R 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLiver transplantation has been demonstrated to be a successful therapeutic modality for patients with end-stage liver disease. The high rate of survival for an otherwise terminal condition has resulted in significant expansion of the indications and diseases treated by this procedure, and is hampered only by the limited numbers of organs available for transplantation. Efforts in clinical and laboratory medicine should be directed to identify candidates who would benefit most from this procedure, to provide better means for accurate assessment of liver reserve and the appropriate timing for transplantation, to identify quality liver grafts that would have the potential to tolerate cold preservation and reperfusion injury, and to assist in accurate monitoring of graft function immediately after transplantation. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the existing pathways for clinical and laboratory assessment of pretransplant residual liver function, the donor liver graft, and immediate posttransplantation function.
Clinical chemistry and post-liver-transplant monitoring
Authors: Hickman Peter E , Potter Julia M , Pesce Amadeo J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Liver transplantation is an accepted therapy for end-stage liver disease. After allografting, a variety of clinical problems may require laboratory involvement for accurate and timely diagnosis and intervention. Critical factors in the choice of a laboratory test menu to support a transplant program include turnaround times that support clinical decisionmaking, real diagnostic value, and real value for money. Particular clinical problems, whose early presentation must be anticipated, include graft ischemia, primary nonfunction, and hepatic artery thrombosis. Acute rejection is common at 5–10 days posttransplantation, the principal target being the biliary tree. Longer-term problems are associated with the therapeutic drug measurement of cyclosporin A and, increasingly, tacrolimus (FK506); the side effects of immunosuppressant therapy also require monitoring. A successful liver transplant program can be adequately supported with a simple battery of automated tests that are cheap, fast, and available at all times.
Detecting familial defective apolipoprotein B-100: three molecular scanning methods compared
Authors: Henderson Bryony G , Wenham Philip R , Ashby J Peter , Blundell Gillian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFamilial defective apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 (FDB), a condition that may give rise to hypercholesterolemia, is caused by mutations around codon 3500 of the apo B gene. We have compared the ability of three molecular-scanning techniques, heteroduplex analysis, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), to detect these mutations in a cohort of 432 hypercholesterolemic individuals. Heteroduplex analysis and DGGE detected 11 individuals with apo B mutations, 9 of whom were heterozygous for apo B R3500Q and 2 who were heterozygous for apo B R3531C. Whereas DGGE was able to distinguish between these two mutations, heteroduplex analysis was technically simpler and gave a higher sample throughput. In contrast, SSCP analysis detected only 7 of the R3500Q and none of the R3531C heterozygotes and was the most complex of the three techniques. We believe heteroduplex analysis to be the method of choice for screening large numbers of samples for FDB.
Monitoring of hemostasis in cardiac surgical patients: impact of point-of-care testing on blood loss and transfusion outcomes
Authors: Despotis George J , Joist J Heinrich , Goodnough Lawrence T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are at increased risk for excessive perioperative blood loss requiring transfusion of blood products. Strategies to optimize administration of heparin and protamine and the assessment of their effects on coagulation are evolving in cardiac surgical patients. Two recent evaluations have focused on the use of multiple point-of-care (POC) coagulation assays for patient-specific adjustment of heparin and protamine dosage. These studies indicate that blood loss and transfusion requirements in cardiac surgical patients may be reduced with more accurate control of heparin anticoagulation and its reversal. Blood component administration in patients with excessive post-CPB bleeding is generally empiric in part, related to turnaround times of laboratory-based tests. Methods are now available for rapid, POC assessment of coagulation to allow appropriate, targeted therapy for acquired hemostatic abnormalities. Recent studies indicate that a rapid evaluation of thrombocytopenia and coagulation factor deficiencies with POC tests can facilitate the optimal administration of pharmacologic and transfusion-based therapy in patients who exhibit excessive bleeding after CPB. POC tests that assess platelet function have been developed, and their use may facilitate identification of which patients at risk for excessive blood loss may respond to pharmacologic interventions such as desmopressin acetate or antifibrinolytic agents.
Cross-linking hybridization assay for direct detection of factor V Leiden mutation
Authors: Zehnder James , Van Atta Reuel , Jones Carol , Sussman Howard , Wood Michael 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A nucleic acid photocross-linking technology was used in the development of a direct assay for factor V Leiden, a point mutation in the factor V gene (G1691A) that is the most common inherited risk factor for thrombosis. This cross-linking hybridization assay included two allele-specific capture probes and six signal-generating reporter probes; all were modified with a photoactivated cross-linking compound. By using two different capture probes complementary to a 16-base sequence at the factor V Leiden mutation site, but differing in the nucleotide opposite the mutation site (C vs T), wild-type and factor V Leiden alleles were differentiated in purified DNA specimens. The assay was also successfully applied to genomic DNA in leukocytes isolated from whole blood; the factor V status of 122 patients as determined by this method was in complete concordance with a standard PCR-based assay and clearly discriminated between healthy individuals and factor V Leiden heterozygotes.
Variability and determinants of total homocysteine concentrations in plasma in an elderly population
Authors: Clarke Robert , Woodhouse Peter , Ulvik Arve , Frost Chris , Sherliker Paul , Refsum Helga , Ueland Per M , Khaw Kay-Tee 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe variability of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) was examined in 96 individuals over a 1-yr period. Blood tHcy concentrations varied from 7.1 μmol/L in the bottom quintile to 14.5 μmol/L in the top quintile. The mean tHcy was 10.4 μmol/L, the between-person SD was 2.5 μmol/L, and the within-person SD was 0.93 μmol/L. There was little seasonal variation, and the reliability coefficient was 0.88. Mean tHcy concentrations were inversely related to mean plasma folate (r = −0.36) and vitamin B12 (r = −0.35) concentrations. Median tHcy concentrations were ∼1 μmol/L higher in men than in women and in older (70 to 74 years) than in younger (65 to 69 years) individuals and higher in those with the TT and CT genotypes for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism than in those with the CC genotype (10.7 and 10.6 vs 9.6 μmol/L). Epidemiological studies based on single tHcy measurements may underestimate the magnitude of any risk associations with disease by 10–15%.
Measurement of soluble transferrin receptor in serum of healthy adults
Authors: Allen Jean , Backstrom Kristin R , Cooper Jeffrey A , Cooper MaryAnne C , Detwiler Thomas C , Essex David W , Fritz Rose P , Means Robert T , Meier Peter B , Pearlman Samuel R , Roitman-Johnson Beatrice , Seligman Paul A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe concentration of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in serum is reported to be useful in the diagnosis of iron deficiency, especially for patients with concurrent chronic disease, where routine tests of iron status are compromised by the inflammatory condition. A new diagnostic assay for sTfR is calibrated against natural plasma sTfR, thus minimizing calibration discrepancies that result from differences between the analyte and the cellular transferrin receptor used in other assays. Use of the new assay to measure sTfR concentrations in 225 healthy, hematologically normal adults provided a reference interval against which pathological samples could be compared. There was no difference in the reference intervals for men and women and no correlation of [sTfR] with the age of the subject. Black subjects had significantly higher concentrations than nonblacks, and people living at high altitude had higher concentrations than those living closer to sea level. These differences were additive.
Serum transferrin receptors are decreased in the presence of iron overload
Authors: Khumalo Hlosukwazi , Gomo Zvenyika A R , Moyo Victor M , Gordeuk Victor R , Saungweme Thokozile , Rouault Tracey A , Gangaidzo Innocent T 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that the quantities of circulating transferrin receptors are reduced in iron overload, we studied serum transferrin receptors and indirect measures of iron status in 150 subjects from rural Zimbabwe. We found significant inverse correlations between serum concentrations of transferrin receptors and ferritin, the ratio of ferritin to aspartate aminotransferase, and transferrin saturation (r ≥0.44; P &lt;0.001). The mean ± SD concentration of serum transferrin receptors in 23 subjects classified as having iron overload (ferritin &gt;300 μg/L and transferrin saturation &gt;60%) was 1.55 ± 0.61 mg/L, significantly lower than the 2.50 ± 0.62 mg/L in 75 subjects with normal iron stores (ferritin 20–300 μg/L and transferrin saturation 15–55%; P &lt;0.0005) and the 2.83 ± 1.14 mg/L in 8 subjects with iron deficiency (ferritin &lt;20 μg/L; P = 0.001). In keeping with the regulation of transferrin receptor expression at the cellular level, our findings suggest that serum transferrin receptors are decreased in the presence of iron overload.
Evaluation of the lysosome-associated membrane protein LAMP-2 as a marker for lysosomal storage disorders
Authors: Hua Chi T , Hopwood John J , Carlsson Sven R , Harris Ray J , Meikle Peter J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor many lysosomal storage disorders, presymptomatic detection, before the onset of irreversible pathology, will greatly improve the efficacy of current and proposed therapies. In the absence of a family history, presymptomatic detection can be achieved only by a comprehensive newborn screening program. Recently we reported that the lysosome-associated membrane protein LAMP-1 was increased in the plasma from ∼70% of individuals with lysosomal storage disorders. Here we report on the evaluation of a second lysosome-associated membrane protein, LAMP-2, as a marker for this group of disorders. The median concentration of LAMP-2 in the plasma of healthy individuals was 1.21 mg/L, fourfold higher than the median LAMP-1 concentration (0.31 mg/L). LAMP-2 was increased in &gt;66% of patients with lysosomal storage disorders, and the increases coincided with increased LAMP-1 concentrations. The reference intervals for LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 in blood spots taken from newborns were 0.20–0.54 mg/L (n = 1600) and 0.95–3.06 mg/L (n = 1600), respectively. A high correlation was observed between the concentrations of LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 in both control and affected individuals. The higher concentrations of LAMP-2, relative to LAMP-1, in plasma make LAMP-2 an attractive marker; however, the final selection will be dependent on the availability of new diagnostic markers and their ability to detect disorders currently not identified by LAMP-2.
Intra- and interindividual variability of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, γ-glutamyltransferase, and mean corpuscular volume in teetotalers
Authors: Helander Anders , Vabö Erling , Levin Klas , Borg Stefan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Blood samples for determination of the biochemical alcohol markers carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in serum, and erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were collected once every 1–2 weeks over ∼5 months from 10 female and 4 male teetotalers. Mean values for serum CDT (using the CDTectTM assay) ranged from 9.9 to 29.4 units/L (median, 14.2 units/L), and the highest results were obtained in the women. The mean values for serum GGT ranged from 0.15 to 0.49 μkat/L (median, 0.30 μkat/L, or 18 U/L) except for one woman with a very high mean of 3.07 μkat/L. For MCV, the mean values ranged from 79.5 to 91.5 fL. Two women showed several CDT results above the upper reference limit (mean values, 27.6 and 29.4 units/L, respectively); however, their GGT and MCV values fell within the reference intervals. One of these women exhibited an increased total transferrin concentration (mean value, 5.38 g/L), which was possibly related to the use of oral contraceptives and/or a low serum iron concentration. When the CDTect value was expressed relative to total transferrin, a ratio within the reference interval was observed for this woman but not for the other woman with increased CDTect values. The present study demonstrates a considerable variation between individuals in CDT, GGT, and MCV without drinking any alcohol. The results also show that these baseline values are fairly constant over time within the same individual.
Development of a sensitive ELISA for human leptin, using monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Imagawa Keiichi , Matsumoto Yayoi , Numata Yoshito , Morita Atsushi , Kikuoka Shino , Tamaki Mikio , Higashikubo Chie , Tsuji Tetsuo , Sasakura Kazuyuki , Teraoka Hiroshi , Masuzaki Hiroaki , Hosoda Kiminori , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Nakao Kazuwa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new, sensitive ELISA for human leptin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was developed, using monoclonal antibodies. The lower limit of detection of this ELISA was 0.78 pg/assay. Both intra- and interassay imprecision values were &lt;7%. The dilution curves of plasma and CSF showed good linearity, and the recovery was 83.2–95.6%. There was good correlation between plasma leptin concentrations by the ELISA and a commercially available RIA (r = 0.99). Our ELISA is advantageous because it does not require radioisotopes, it produces results in hours rather than days, and more importantly, it improves on the detection limit and plasma interference of the RIA kit. The new ELISA enables measurement of low concentrations of leptin, as are seen in CSF and in plasma of patients with anorexia nervosa.
The analog free testosterone assay: are the results in men clinically useful?
Authors: Winters Stephen J , Kelley David E , Goodpaster Bret 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMen with low testosterone concentrations are usually hypogonadal. However, because variations in the testosterone transport protein, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), directly influence the total testosterone concentration, confirmation of a low testosterone with a measurement of free testosterone or “bioavailable” testosterone (BAT) is recommended. In the present study, we examined the relationship of SHBG with free testosterone (Coat-A-Count assay, Diagnostic Products) and with BAT in men (n = 29) and women (n = 28) who participated in a study of the metabolic determinants of body composition. As expected, total testosterone was strongly positively correlated with SHBG among men (r = 0.68; P &lt;0.01). Although the BAT was independent of SHBG in men (r = 0.02), SHBG was an important predictor of free testosterone (r = 0. 62; P &lt;0.01). In contrast, in women serum concentrations of total testosterone (r = −0.26; P = 0.17), free testosterone (r = −0.30; P = 0.17), and BAT (r = −0.46; P = 0.013) all tended to be lower with increasing SHBG. Free testosterone was nearly perfectly positively correlated with total testosterone (r = 0.97) in men, among whom free testosterone represented a relatively constant percentage of the total testosterone (0.5–0.65%), and the percentage of free testosterone was unrelated to SHBG. Thus the Coat-A-Count free testosterone concentration in men, like the total testosterone concentration, is determined in part by plasma SHBG. Accordingly, androgen deficiency may be misclassified with this assay in men with low SHBG. Moreover, the previous findings of reduced free testosterone concentrations with hypertension or hyperinsulinemia or as a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, conditions in which SHBG is reduced, may have been methodology-related.
Serum CrossLaps One Step ELISA. First application of monoclonal antibodies for measurement in serum of bone-related degradation products from C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen
Authors: Rosenquist Christian , Fledelius Christian , Christgau Stephan , Pedersen Brian J , Bonde Martin , Qvist Per , Christiansen Claus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have developed a two-site ELISA for measurement in serum of bone-related degradation products derived from C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen. The assay is based on the application of two highly specific monoclonal antibodies against the amino acid sequence of AHD-β-GGR, where the aspartic acid residue (D) is β-isomerized. In a one-step incubation procedure, the degradation products containing cross-linked diisomerized EKAHD-β-GGR peptides are captured by a biotinylated antibody and a peroxidase-conjugated antibody. The generated complex is then bound to the streptavidin surface via the biotin conjugate. Desalted urinary antigens are used for standardization, and parallelism is observed with serum samples. Results are obtained in &lt;2.5 h, and both inter- and intraassay imprecision are &lt;8%. The serum CrossLaps™ concentration was 1748 ± 740 pmol/L (mean ± SD) in premenopausal women (n = 65) and 2952 ± 1325 pmol/L in a group of healthy postmenopausal women (n = 169). The Serum CrossLaps One Step ELISA was capable of detecting a highly significant (P &lt;0.001) effect of hormone replacement therapy in a retrospective study involving 22 postmenopausal women.
Identification of 6-methylmercaptopurine derivative formed during acid hydrolysis of thiopurine nucleotides in erythrocytes, using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance assay
Authors: Dervieux Thierry , Boulieu Roselyne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
6-Thioguanine and 6-methylmercaptopurine (Me6-MP) nucleotides are the two major thiopurine metabolites of azathioprine found in erythrocytes. During the acid hydrolysis required for the conversion of thiopurine nucleotides into their free bases, Me6-MP was converted into a compound that could be analyzed on a Purospher RP18-e column with dihydrogen phosphate-methanol buffer as eluent. The pH of the acid extract strongly influenced the conversion of Me6-MP into its derivative. The Me6-MP derivative was identified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric methods. During the acid hydrolysis of thiopurine nucleotides in erythrocytes, Me6-MP undergoes degradation, leading to 4-amino-5-(methylthio)carbonyl imidazole.