bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared Decision-making between health care providers and patients at a Tertiary Hospital Diabetic Clinic in Tanzania
Authors: Vedasto Oswald , Morris Baraka , Furia Francis Fredrick 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Patients’ participation in decision making regarding their treatment play an important role in treatment outcome through improvement in self-care and adherence to treatment. There is scarcity of information regarding shared decision making in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was conducted to assess participation of patients and health care providers in decision-making process in the diabetic clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods This study employed a phenomenological study design using in-depth interview technique. Study participants were diabetic patients visiting the clinic and healthcare providers working in the diabetic clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital. Data was collected using interview guide with open ended questions using an audio digital recorder. Content analysis method was used during analysis whereby categories were reached through the process of coding with assistance by Nvivo 12 software. Results Several themes were identified in this study including some form of participation in decision making of patients, use of decision aids in the clinic and belief and values regarding patients’ engagement in decision making. Several factors were identified as barriers to shared decision making as noted from participants interview, these included lack of time, literacy level, beliefs and values. Decision aids were reported to be important for improving patient’s knowledge and subsequently their involvement in decisions that were made although it was also noted that these were not prepared by the health care providers in the clinic and they were not adequately provided.Conclusion Some form of participation in decision making was observed in the diabetic clinic at Muhimbili national Hospital, and barriers identified for shared decision-making included time, literacy, beliefs and values.
Chest CT Could Be Used to Diagnose 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Clinically in Hubei Province
Authors: Wang Xin , Wen Peng , Sun Zhi-Gang , Xing Chun-Yan , Li Yun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In December 2019, novel coronavirus pneumonia-19 (COVID-19) was discovered in the viral pneumonia cases that occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; and then quickly spread inside and outside of Wuhan and even other countries. This report describes the clinical course of two patients who had COVID-19.Case presentation: The first case was a typical COVID-19 case. A 66-year-old female presented to our hospital with a 3-day history of fever with coughing, white sputum, runny nose and dizziness. She had contacted with a COVID-19 patient, her daughter-in-law who was diagnosed with COVID-19 two days before. Chest CT showed typical COVID-19 CT imaging. She was diagnosed with COVID-19 by positive nucleic acid test. The second case was a 50-year-old male with a 2-day history of fever and dry coughing. He denied having been to Wuhan. Chest CT also showed typical COVID-19 CT imaging. He accepted COVID-19 nucleic acid test using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of his throat swab sampling 7 times and the test results remained controversial. Eventually, he was diagnosed with COVID-19 after 5 days.Conclusions: Chest CT examination has high sensitivity for diagnosis of COVID-19 clinically, particularly when nucleic acid test is negative. Chest CT should be considered for the COVID-19 screening, comprehensive evaluation and following-up and patients could benefit from effective treatment in time.
In Silico Fight Against Novel Coronavirus by Finding Chromone Derivatives as Inhibitor of Coronavirus Main Proteases Enzyme
Authors: Sepay Nayim , Sepay Nadir , Hoque Ashique Al , Mondal Rina , Halder Umesh Chandra , Muddassir Mohd. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV is a danger to the world and is spreading rapidly. Very little structural information about 2019-nCoV make this situation more difficult for drug designing. Benzylidenechromanones, naturally occurring oxygen heterocyclic compounds, having capability to inhibit various protein and receptors, have been designed here to block mutant variety of coronavirus main protease enzyme (CoV Mpro ) isolated from 2019-nCoV with the assistance of molecular docking, bioinformatics and DFT. ( Z )-3-(4’-chlorobenzylidene)-thiochroman-4-one showed highest binding affinity to the protein. Binding of a compound to this protein actually inhibit the replication and transcription of the virus and ultimately, stop the virus multiplication. Incorporation of any functional groups to the basic benzylidenechromanones enhance their binding ability. Chloro and bromo substitution amplify the binding affinity. ADME studies of all these compounds indicates they are lipophilic, high gastro intestine absorbable and blood-brain barrier permeable. The outcome reveal that the investigated benzylidenechromanones can be examine in the case of 2019-nCoV as potent inhibitory drug of CoV M pro , for their strong inhibition ability, high reactivity, and effective pharmacological properties.
Withdrawn Notice: Green Synthesis of Furo-1,3-oxazole Derivatives using Fe3O4-MNPs as Efficient Nanocatalyst: Study of Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Ghazvini Maryam , Sheikholeslami-Farahani Fatemeh , Shahvelayati Ashraf , Rostami Zohreh , Abad Saeid 
Published: March 2020

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal Combinatorial Chemistry & High
Throughput Screening.;

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Theoretical Analysis for the Safe Form and Dosage of Amygdalin Product
Authors: Tsanov Vasil , Tsanov Hristo 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
This article presents a theoretical analysis of the safe form and dosage of the
amygdalin derivative. By making a precise socio-anthropological analysis of the life of the ancient people of
Botra (Hunza people, Burusho/Brusho people), a hypothesis has been postulated through a number of modern
quantum-mechanical, molecular-topological and bio analytical checks, and has also been confirmed by two
proofs.

Methods:
The proposed hypothesis underwent theoretical and logical analysis to confirm and/or reject it. The
methodological scheme was: determining the optimal chemical formula, determination of the pharmaceutical
molecular form and determination of the drug dose.

Results:
A convenient, harmless, form of amygdalin derivative is available that has the same biological and
chemical activity and could be used in conservative clinical oncology. The article also presents a theoretical
comparative analysis of biochemical reactivity in in vivo and in vitro media, by which we also determine the
recommended dosage for patient administration. A comparative analysis of the data, obtained in published clinical
studies of amygdalin, is presented, summarizing a scheme of the anti-tumor activity of the proposed molecular
form.

Conclusion:
The hydrolyzed to amide / carboxylic acid cyano / nitrile glycosides are potential drugs. Their
biological activity remains unchanged, but their toxicity is many times lower than unmodified native molecules.
We claim that this study we have conducted on amygdalin / dhurrin-derived amide is the only study on this
molecular form. Other substances in these groups with pronounced biological activity (including anti-tumor) are
the hydrolyzed nitrile groups by Prunasin, Lucumin, Vicianin, Sambunigrin, Dhurrin, Taxiphyllin, Zierin,
Preteacin, p-Glucosyloxymandelonitrile, Linamarin, Lotaustralin, Acaciapetalin, Triglochinin, Dejdaclin, Tetraphyllin
A, Tetrallin B, Gynocardin etc., to their amide/carboxylic acid.
Red Grape Polyphenol Oral Administration Improves Immune Response in Women Affected by Nickel-Mediated Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Magrone Thea , Jirillo Emilio , Magrone Manrico , Russo Matteo A. , Romita Paolo , Massari Francesco , Foti Caterina 
Published: March 2020

Background:Our previous findings demonstrated that in vitro supplementation of polyphenols, extracted from seeds of red grape (Nero di Troia cultivar), to peripheral lymphomonocytes from patients affected by allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to nickel (Ni) could reduce the release of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO), while increasing the levels of interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine.Objective:To assess whether an intervention with oral administration of polyphenols leads to a reduction of peripheral biomarkers in ACD patients.Methods:At T0, 25 patients affected by ACD to Ni were orally administered with 300 mg polyphenols prodie extracted from seeds of red grape (Nero di Troia cultivar) (NATUR-OX®) for 3 months (T1). The other 25 patients affected by ACD to Ni received placebo only for the same period of time. Serum biomarkers were analyzed at T0 and T1. In both groups, seven dropouts were recorded.Result:At T1 in comparison to T0, in treated patients, values of interferon-γ, IL-4, IL-17, pentraxin 3 and NO decreased, while IL-10 levels increased when compared with T0 values. Conversely, in placebo- treated patients, no modifications of biomarkers were evaluated at T1.Conclusion:Present laboratory data rely on the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of polyphenols.
A Tunable THz Plasmonic Waveguide Based on Graphene Coated Bowtie Nanowire with High Mode Confinement
Authors: Wang Xu , Wang Jue , Ma Tao , Wang Fang 
Published: March 2020

Background: :
A THz Plasmonic Waveguide Based on Graphene Coated Bow-tie Nanowire
(TPW-GCBN) has been proposed. The waveguide characteristics are investigated by the Finite Element
Method (FEM). The influence of the geometric parameters on propagation constants, electric
field distributions, effective mode areas, and propagation lengths is obtained numerically. The performance
tunability of TPW-GCBN is also studied by adjusting the Fermi energy. The simulation results
show that TPW-GCBN has better mode confinement ability. TPW-GCBN provides a promising alternative
in high-density integration of photonic circuit for the future tunable micro-nano optoelectronic
devices.: Surface plasmonpolaritons based waveguides have been widely used to enhance the local
electric fields. It also has the capability of manipulating electromagnetic fields on the deepsubwavelength.

Objective::
The waveguide characteristics of TPW-GCBN should be investigated. The tunability of
TPW-GCBN should be studied by adjusting Fermi energy (FE) which can be changed by the voltage.

Method: :
The mode analysis and parameter sweep in Finite Element Method (FEM) were used to
simulate TPW-GCBN for analyzing effective refractive index (neff), electric field distributions, normalized
mode areas (Am), propagation length (Lp) and Figure of Merit (FoM).

Results: :
At 5 THz, Aeffof λ2/14812,Lp of ~2 μm and FoM of 25 can be achieved. The simulation results
show that TPW-GBN has good mode confinement ability and flexible tunability.

Conclusion::
TPW-GBN provides new freedom to manipulate the graphene surface plasmons, and
leads to new applications in high-density integration of photonic circuits for tunable integrated optical
devices.
Eudragit RL100 Based Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride and Ketorolac Tromethamine Combination Nanoparticulate System for Ocular Drug Delivery
Authors: Salvi Vedanti , Pawar Pravin 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Bacterial conjunctivitis is a serious ocular infection if left
untreated. It is caused by several species of bacteria like Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus
and Mycobacterium.

Objective:
The present investigation explores the development and characterization of
moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine combination loaded Eudragit RL
100 nanosuspension for ocular drug delivery in order to overcome the problems associated
with conventional dosage forms.

Methods:
The nanosuspension prepared by nanoprecipitation technique showed successful
entrapment of both water-soluble drugs in the polymer matrix indicated by their %
entrapment efficiencies.

Results:
Formulations showed a mean particle size <200 nm with narrow size distribution
and positive surface charge due to the presence of quaternary ammonium groups of
Eudragit RL100. FTIR study revealed compatibility among the components, while a
reduction in the crystallinity of formulation was observed in the PXRD study. The release
of both the drugs was found to be sustained in nanosuspension as compared to commercial
eyedrops. Ex vivo studies showed increased transcorneal permeation of drugs from
nanosuspension, where approximately 2.5-fold and 2-fold increase in the permeation was
observed for moxifloxacin hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine, respectively. The
formulation was stable at 4°C and room temperature.

Conclusion:
Due to their sustained release, positive surface charge and higher transcorneal
permeation, this will be a promising ocular drug delivery.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND QUANTIFICATION OF GENISTEIN IN DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, QUANTITATIVE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL DIFFUSION ORDERED SPECTROSCOPY 1H
Authors: IOANNA VLACHOU , IOANNIS PAPASOTIRIOU 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyze four herbal dietary supplements containing genistein by liquid chromatography, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR), and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) 1H NMR.
Methods: Quantification of the active ingredient, genistein, is carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and qNMR. Two-dimensional (2D) DOSY NMR also allows the qualitative analysis of the samples with the detection of active ingredient and excipients present in the formulations.
Results: The validated HPLC and qNMR methods showed that all four supplements contain genistein in different amounts, and 2D DOSY NMR provides a clear image of all ingredients in the formulations.
Conclusion: The use of the three techniques provides detailed information on each product and its contents, and all of them are currently used for the quality control of natural supplements by our laboratory.
HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT USING SINGLE-INHALER DUAL VERSUS TRIPLE THERAPY IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: FATIMA TALATH , SADAF ANNIE FATIMA , AAMIR ALI SYED , SIDDIQUI JUNAID , ALI BAIG MIRZA MISBA , AHMED SYED MAHMOOD , FATIMA MEHRUQ 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: The study compared triple therapy (inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting beta2-agonists [LABA]/long-acting muscarinic antagonists [LAMA]) versus dual therapy [LABA/LAMA] in improving lung function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Methods: This prospective and observational study compared 12 weeks of triple therapy (Formoterol – 6 mcg/Ciclesonide – 200 mcg/Tiotropium – 9 mcg) versus dual therapy (Formoterol – 6 mcg/Tiotropium – 9 mcg) in COPD patients. The primary objective included HRQoL as measured by improvement (decrease) from baseline in St. George respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) score and COPD assessment test (CAT) scores. Coprimary endpoint included the change from baseline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).
Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, triple therapy (n=30) and dual therapy (30), mean improvement (decrease) from baseline in SGRQ scores was −21.06 (95% CI, −24.92–−17.20) and −5.89571 (95% CI, −7.71–−4.07), respectively, and mean improvement (decrease) from baseline in CAT scores was −2.83 (95% CI, −3.73–−1.94] and −1.8 (95% CI, −2.25–−1.35), respectively. The mean change from baseline in FEV1% predicted was 3.09 (95% CI, 2.18–4.00) and 1.69 (95% CI, 1.43–1.97) for triple and dual therapy, respectively. For all the endpoints, the between-group mean differences were statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Triple therapy (Formoterol – 6 mcg/Ciclesonide – 200 mcg/Tiotropium – 9 mcg) can provide improvements in lung function and quality of life over dual therapy (Formoterol – 6 mcg/Tiotropium – 9 mcg) in patients with moderate to severe COPD. Future studies should focus on which drug combination of triple therapy is more effective and cost-effective than other possible triple therapy drug combinations.
PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF AILANTHUS EXCELSA ROXB. BARK
Authors: D BHALKE RASIKA , A GIRI MAHENDRA 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The present investigation aims at detail pharmacognostic study of the bark of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. (BAE). A. excelsa is an important plant in Indian system of medicine belonging to the family Simaroubaceae.
Methods: BAE was studied for various pharmacognostic evaluation parameters such as examination of morphological and microscopic characters and physicochemical evaluation. The total phenolic content was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent spectrophotometrically and calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g).
Results: The morphological studies revealed that BAE is yellowish-brown in color with a smooth texture and characteristic odor. Microscopical studies indicated the presence of cork, cortex with a group of stone cells in BAE with secondary phloem region. Prismatic and acicular raphides calcium oxalate crystals were observed. The total ash value of BAE was found to be 8.95%. Bark powder was successively extracted in Soxhlet extractor using solvents from low polarity to high polarity such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, and flavonoids are present when the preliminary phytochemical investigation was done. The total phenolic content in BAE was found to be 9.95 mg GAE/g.
Conclusion: The results obtained from the study provide information for proper identification and standardization of plant.
DISSOLUTION KINETICS OF PARTIALLY PURIFIED BROMELAIN FROM PINEAPPLE CORES (ANANAS COMOSUS [L.] MERR.) ENCAPSULATED IN GLUTARALDEHYDE-CROSSLINKED ALGINATE-GUAR GUM
Authors: JULIANO FAKHRIAN , PRABOWO HEGI ADI , BUDIANTO EMIL , SETIASIH SISWATI , HUDIYONO SUMI 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Bromelain is susceptible to low pH and thus must be encapsulated in glutaraldehyde-crosslinked alginate-guar gum (Alg-GG) hydrogels to avoid bromelain activity degradation in the stomach.
Methods: Isolated crude bromelain was purified through ammonium sulfate precipitation, sodium benzoate precipitation, and dialysis. Bromelain-loaded Alg-GG was dissolved in artificial gastric fluid and intestinal environment.
Results: The bromelain fractions showed a higher specific activity (U/mg) than the crude enzyme (51.32), as follows ammonium sulfate fraction (267.70±4.67), sodium benzoate fraction (115.63±3.35), and dialysis fraction (332.22). The dialysis fraction was encapsulated in Alg-GG hydrogel containing 0.75% (v/v) glutaraldehyde through the post-loading method. The swelling ratios of the hydrogel are 188.43% at pH 1.2 and 563.83% at pH 7.4. The highest encapsulation efficiency is 72.2%. The maximum bromelain concentration released during dissolution is higher in artificial intestinal environment (1.97 mg/L) than in artificial gastric fluid (0.18 mg/L), and the maximum proteolytic activities are 1.3 and 0.15 U/mL, respectively. Data were incorporated into the zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer–Peppas models to determine the kinetics and mechanism of bromelain dissolution. All bromelain concentrations (70, 140, and 210 ppm) follow the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The dissolution mechanism is a combination of diffusion and erosion. Both the dialysis fraction (56.59%) and the dissolution product (47.45%) showed a good in vitro antiplatelet activity.
Conclusion: The present data show the promise of Alg-GG encapsulation as a vehicle for orally administered therapeutic enzymes.
CLINICAL STUDIES TO EVALUATE PEROXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT COMPLEMENT IN LIVER CANCER IN INDIAN AND HUNGARIAN SUBJECTS
Authors: KUMAR SAMAR RAJENDRA , SUMAN JAIN , SONAL SOGANI 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Liver cancer is the leading cause of death due to malignancies all over the world. Free radical-induced oxidative stress extent can be provoked by antioxidant mechanisms decreased efficiency. The present study was carried out to investigate the extent of oxidative stress and the levels of antioxidants in the circulation of patients with liver cancer.
Methods: Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and level of some antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and GSH be determined in the circulations of 100 Indian and Hungarian patients with liver cancer and an equal number of age-matched normal subjects.
Results: Significantly increased concentrations of TBARS plasma levels and significantly lowered levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px were observed in patients with liver cancer which may have occurred due to increased use to scavenge lipids peroxides as well as their sequestration by tumor cells. Increased lipid peroxidation in liver was seen which may be due to excessive oxidative stress. Comparison between Indians and Hungarians subjects revealed 200% increased malondialdehyde levels in Hungarian male patients as compared to Indian male patients. SOD was found to decrease in Indian subjects whereas CAT (20%) higher, GSH (25–35%) less decrease GSH-Px (5%) more decrease in Hungarians patients compared to Indian patients.