bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Gamma/Delta Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation Affects Interhemispheric Speech Sound Integration
Authors: Preisig Basil C. , Sjerps Matthias J. , Hervais-Adelman Alexis , Kösem Anne , Hagoort Peter , Riecke Lars 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Perceiving speech requires the integration of different speech cues, that is, formants. When the speech signal is split so that different cues are presented to the right and left ear (dichotic listening), comprehension requires the integration of binaural information. Based on prior electrophysiological evidence, we hypothesized that the integration of dichotically presented speech cues is enabled by interhemispheric phase synchronization between primary and secondary auditory cortex in the gamma frequency band. We tested this hypothesis by applying transcranial alternating current stimulation (TACS) bilaterally above the superior temporal lobe to induce or disrupt interhemispheric gamma-phase coupling. In contrast to initial predictions, we found that gamma TACS applied in-phase above the two hemispheres (interhemispheric lag 0°) perturbs interhemispheric integration of speech cues, possibly because the applied stimulation perturbs an inherent phase lag between the left and right auditory cortex. We also observed this disruptive effect when applying antiphasic delta TACS (interhemispheric lag 180°). We conclude that interhemispheric phase coupling plays a functional role in interhemispheric speech integration. The direction of this effect may depend on the stimulation frequency.
Performance Monitoring during Visual Priming
Authors: Westerberg Jacob A. , Maier Alexander , Woodman Geoffrey F. , Schall Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Repetitive performance of single-feature (efficient or pop-out) visual search improves RTs and accuracy. This phenomenon, known as priming of pop-out, has been demonstrated in both humans and macaque monkeys. We investigated the relationship between performance monitoring and priming of pop-out. Neuronal activity in the supplementary eye field (SEF) contributes to performance monitoring and to the generation of performance monitoring signals in the EEG. To determine whether priming depends on performance monitoring, we investigated spiking activity in SEF as well as the concurrent EEG of two monkeys performing a priming of pop-out task. We found that SEF spiking did not modulate with priming. Surprisingly, concurrent EEG did covary with priming. Together, these results suggest that performance monitoring contributes to priming of pop-out. However, this performance monitoring seems not mediated by SEF. This dissociation suggests that EEG indices of performance monitoring arise from multiple, functionally distinct neural generators.
Maintenance Mechanism for the Teleconnection Pattern over the High Latitudes of the Eurasian Continent in Summer
Authors: Li Xinyu , Lu Riyu , Greatbatch Richard J. , Li Gen , Hong Xiaowei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is a zonally oriented teleconnection pattern over the high-latitude Eurasian continent, which is maintained through baroclinic energy conversion. In this study, we investigate the unique features of the maintenance mechanism of this teleconnection. It is found that the baroclinic energy conversion is most efficient in both the midtroposphere and the lower troposphere, and that the baroclinic energy conversion in the lower troposphere is comparable to that in the midtroposphere. Further results indicate that the basic state plays a crucial role in the baroclinic energy conversion. For both the middle and lower troposphere, the atmospheric stability is low and the Coriolis parameter is large over high-latitude Eurasia, favoring strong baroclinic energy conversion. Particularly, in the lower troposphere, the atmospheric stability exhibits a clear land–sea contrast, favoring baroclinic energy conversion over the continents rather than the oceans. Furthermore, in the lower troposphere, the in-phase configuration of the meridional wind and temperature anomalies, which results from the strong meridional gradient of mean temperature around the north edge of the Eurasian continent, also significantly contributes to baroclinic energy conversion. This study highlights the role of the basic state of temperature rather than zonal wind in maintaining the high-latitude teleconnection through baroclinic energy conversion.
The Prevalence and Rationale for Presenting an Opposing Viewpoint in Climate Change Reporting: Findings from a U.S. National Survey of TV Weathercasters
Authors: Timm Kristin M. F. , Maibach Edward W. , Boykoff Maxwell , Myers Teresa A. , Broeckelman-Post Melissa A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe journalistic norm of balance has been described as the practice of giving equal weight to different sides of a story; false balance is balanced reporting when the weight of evidence strongly favors one side over others—for example, the reality of human-caused climate change. False balance is problematic because it skews public perception of expert agreement. Through formative interviews and a survey of American weathercasters about climate change reporting, we found that objectivity and balance—topics that have frequently been studied with environmental journalists—are also relevant to understanding climate change reporting among weathercasters. Questions about the practice of and reasons for presenting an opposing viewpoint when reporting on climate change were included in a 2017 census survey of weathercasters working in the United States (N = 480; response rate = 22%). When reporting on climate change, 35% of weathercasters present an opposing viewpoint “always” or “most of the time.” Their rationale for reporting opposing viewpoints included the journalistic norms of objectivity and balanced reporting (53%), their perceived uncertainty of climate science (21%), to acknowledge differences of opinion (17%), to maintain credibility (14%), and to strengthen the story (7%). These findings show that climate change reporting from weathercasters sometimes includes opposing viewpoints, and possibly a false balance, but further research is necessary. Moreover, prior research has shown that the climate reporting practices among weathercasters are evolving rapidly and so the problem of false-balance reporting may already be self-correcting.
Addressing the Drivers of Carbon Emissions Embodied in Indian Exports: An Index Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Banerjee Suvajit 
Published: November 2019

This study identifies the determinants that have an observable impact over the change in carbon dioxide emissions embodied in the production of Indian exports by adopting an index decomposition analysis to address the contribution from four mutually non-exclusive factors which arise due to India’s increasing export performance during the 1995–2009 period on the change in total emissions embodied in exports. These four factors are scale effect, composition effect, emission regulation effect and production efficiency effect. The idea of bringing the last two effects is to capture the impact from technology factor due to international trade. This study found an increased emission embodiment in exports of 234.24 mega-tonnes by using input–output modelling with ‘emissions embodied in bilateral trade’ approach and then applies the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index-I (LMDI-I)-based additive and multiplicative formulae following Ang and Zhang (2000) and Ang (2004) to conduct the decomposition exercise. This study finds the scale effect as the largest contributing factor increasing the emission levels by more than 184 per cent of the original increase, while the other three effects creating dampening impact over this scale-driven increase. Emission regulation effects created the maximum cleaning-up impact, especially during the 2002–2009 phase. JEL Codes: C67, F64, Q43, Q48, Q56
Core outcome domains of pediatric palliative care for children with severe neurological impairment and their families: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Ribbers Sophie , Wager Julia , Hartenstein-Pinter Almut , Zernikow Boris , Reuther Mandira 
Published: November 2019

Background: The interest in outcome measurement in pediatric palliative care is rising. To date, the majority of studies investigating relevant outcomes of pediatric palliative care focus on children with cancer. Insight is lacking, however, about relevant outcome domains for children with severe neurological impairment and their families. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify meaningful outcome domains of pediatric palliative care for children with severe neurological impairment and their families. Design: A qualitative research design following a constructivist research paradigm was employed. Guided interviews were conducted with parents of children with life-limiting conditions and severe neurological impairment and professional caregivers. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Setting: Overall, 10 cooperating pediatric palliative care institutions across Germany (outpatient and inpatient settings) aided in the recruitment of eligible parents and professional caregivers. A total of 11 interviews with 14 parents and 17 interviews with 20 professional caregivers were conducted. Results: Six core outcome domains of pediatric palliative care for children with severe neurological impairment and their families were identified, namely (1) symptom control, (2) respite and support, (3) normalcy, (4) security, (5) empowerment, and (6) coping with the disease, each consisting of 1 to 13 individual aspects. Conclusion: As for other diagnostic groups, symptom control is a relevant outcome domain for children with severe neurological impairment. However, other outcome domains which focus on the whole family and take into account the long disease trajectory, such as respite and support, security, empowerment, and coping with the disease, are also crucial.
Inter-leg systolic blood pressure difference predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in incident hemodialysis patients
Authors: Kato Sawako , Lindholm Bengt , Qureshi Abdul Rashid , Mukai Hideyuki , Yuzawa Yukio , Maruyama Shoichi 
Published: November 2019

Background: High inter-arm blood pressure difference, a marker of vascular disease, may be difficult to assess in hemodialysis patients with arm arteriovenous fistulae. We investigated if high inter-leg systolic blood pressure difference associates with cardiovascular events and increased mortality in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Among 118 incident Japanese dialysis patients, bilateral leg blood pressure, arm blood pressure, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity, and ankle–brachial index were measured, and the relative risk associated with inter-leg systolic blood pressure difference and other indices of vascular status was analyzed. Results: During follow-up (median, 46 months), 18 deaths and 75 cardiovascular events occurred in 38 patients. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that higher inter-leg systolic blood pressure difference was associated with overall (log-rank 9.35, p = 0.002) and cardiovascular (log-rank 5.81, p = 0.02) mortality. The period from the start of dialysis therapy to the first cardiovascular event was shorter as inter-leg systolic blood pressure difference increased (log-rank 23.7, p < 0.0001). In Cox hazard models, inter-leg systolic blood pressure difference greater than median independently predicted deaths (relative risk, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–13.9) and cardiovascular events (relative risk, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.9–9.21) after adjustments for age, sex, nutritional status, and diabetes, whereas other indices were not related to the risks. For well-nourished, moderately malnourished, and severely malnourished patients, the cumulative number of cardiovascular events in the high–inter-leg systolic blood pressure difference patients were 4.96, 31.44, and 55.18 events per 100 patient-years. Conclusions: Higher inter-leg systolic blood pressure difference associated with increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events suggesting that wider application of inter-leg systolic blood pressure difference measurements may be warranted in hemodialysis patients.
Nebulized Vasopressin for the Control of Hematemesis and Hemoptysis in a Child With Recurrent, Refractory Stage III Burkitt Lymphoma
Authors: Dulin Jennifer D. , Coyne Patrick J. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Bleeding occurs with some regularity at the end of life. Patients often endure fatigue, weakness, pain, dyspnea and anxiety. These symptoms are magnified in visually apparent bleeds. Management can be particularly challenging as we attempt to balance therapies with goals of care. Children are at risk for such complications and symptoms; providers must ensure comfort for both the patient and family. Case Description: A 7-year-old male with recurrent, refractory Burkitt lymphoma was frequently hospitalized for palliative chemotherapy and disease complications. On his final admission, he experienced gross hemoptysis and hematemesis: he was short of breath, fatigued and anxious due to his blood loss. His and his family’s angst were heightened by “seeing” his bleed. Potential, especially invasive, treatments were limited by our goals to promote comfort, limit interventions, maintain alertness, poor intravenous access and a small bowel obstruction. Nebulized vasopressin, 10 units in 4ml of normal saline given over 10 minutes provided JC with needed relief. His bleeding remitted and he tolerated its administration. Conclusion: There are many treatments for hemorrhage; however, given the challenges of goals of care, administration, side-effects and tolerability, further investigation into nebulized vasopressin as a potential therapy for hemoptysis and hematemesis at the end-of-life is warranted.
Correlation between Argus II array–retina distance and electrical thresholds of stimulation is improved by measuring the entire array
Authors: Xu Lucy T , Rachitskaya Aleksandra V , DeBenedictis Meghan J , Bena James , Morrison Shannon , Yuan Alex 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To describe two methods of measuring Argus II array–retina distance and to correlate array–retina distance to electrode stimulation thresholds. Methods: This was a case series of eight patients implanted with the Argus II. Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography array–retina distance was measured by two methods and correlated to corresponding electrode thresholds: (1) array–retina distance at each array corner and the largest array–retina distance and (2) using manual optical coherence tomography segmentation, the average array–retina distance was determined for each group of four electrodes. Patients 1–5 and 6–8 were analyzed separately due to a different threshold programming software. Results: The Spearman’s rank coefficient between array–retina distance and thresholds was −0.006 ( p = 0.98) for patients 1–5, and 0.16 ( p = 0.59) for patients 6–8 with the first method. The Spearman’s rank coefficient was 0.25 ( p < 0.001) for patients 1–5 and 0.36 ( p < 0.001) for patients 6–8 with the second method. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between array–retina distance and threshold measurements when measuring the entire array but not when using a faster measurement method of four corners and largest array–retina distance.
Serum FAM19A5 in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: Can it be a new biomarker representing clinical status?
Authors: Lee Hye Lim , Seok Hung Youl , Ryu Han-Wook , Cho Eun Bee , Kim Bong Chul , Kim Byoung Joon , Min Ju-Hong , Seok Jin Myoung , Shin Ha Young , Kang Sa-Yoon , Kwon Oh-Hyun , Lee Sang-Soo , Oh Jeeyoung , Sohn Eun-Hee , Huh So-Young , Cho Joong-Yang , Seong Jae Young , Kim Byung-Jo 
Published: November 2019

Background: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) targets astrocytes and elevates the levels of astrocyte-injury markers during attacks. FAM19A5, involved in reactive gliosis, is secreted by reactive astrocytes following central nervous system (CNS) damage. Objective: To investigate the significance of serum FAM19A5 in patients with NMOSD. Methods: We collected clinical data and sera of 199 patients from 11 hospitals over 21 months. FAM19A5 levels were compared among three groups: NMOSD with positive anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (NMOSD-AQP4), other CNS demyelinating disease, and healthy controls. Results: The median serum FAM19A5 level was higher in the NMOSD-AQP4 (4.90 ng/mL (3.95, 5.79)) than in the other CNS demyelinating (2.35 ng/mL (1.83, 4.07), p < 0.001) or healthy control (1.02 ng/mL (0.92, 1.14), p < 0.001) groups. There were significant differences in the median serum FAM19A5 levels between the attack and remission periods (5.89 ng/mL (5.18, 6.98); 4.40 ng/mL (2.72, 5.13), p < 0.001) in the NMOSD-AQP4 group. Sampling during an attack ( p < 0.001) and number of past attacks ( p = 0.010) were independently associated with increased serum FAM19A5. Conclusion: Serum FAM19A5 was higher in patients with NMOSD-AQP4 and correlated with clinical characteristics. Thus, serum FAM19A5 may be a novel clinical biomarker for NMOSD-AQP4.
Adult Education from Jomtien, via Hamburg and Paris, to Dakar
Authors: Kearney Mary-Louise 
Published: November 2019

This short paper considers the development of thinking within UNESCO since the Education for All Conference in Jomtien, Thailand in 1990. It traces developments through to the Fifth International Conference on Adult Education (Confitea V) held in Hamburg in 1995 to the World Conference on Higher Education held in Paris in 1998 and finally to the Education for All (EFA) 2000 Assessment which was convened in Dakar, Senegal, in April 2000. The goals at each of these points in time are outlined together with an assessment of outcomes. It can be concluded that there has been considerable achievement over this period, but even more remains to be accomplished. It is argued that there are clear rationales for investing in adult learners that are obvious from a number of perspectives including active citizenship, social exclusion, living standards and employability. Yet, despite progress achieved, one adult in four was illiterate at the end of the 20th Century. For this reason, the Dakar EFA Follow-up is giving special attention to this issue. Higher Education has a duty to help meet this challenge and to do so effectively major reorganization of the traditional university learning context is needed. A greater capacity for adaptation and flexibility amongst academics is urgently called for, as widening access becomes a priority that will not disappear.
Literacy, Lifelong Learning and the Basic Skills Agenda
Authors: Bianco Joseph Lo 
Published: November 2019

Literacy is being given increased attention in most developed countries where economic thinking focuses on the assets that could be unlocked from human capital. Within the OECD the discourse within literacy has concerned itself almost exclusively on labour market issues whereas scholarly research on literacy addresses a much wider array of social as well as educational contexts. Under alternative policies inspired by principles and understandings of social capital there would be emphasis on the community based settings, the networks of relationships and social cohesion in which learning takes place and in which what is learned is practised. A range of contexts for the advocacy of literacy policies is explored from which are identified three broad justifications from three mutually reinforcing broad social changes. These relate to the impact of changing economic patterns in the wake of trade liberalisation and the post-industrial services and economy; the impact of cultural diversity and participatory ideals of society; and the impact of communications technology. The particular position of Scotland is explored in the context of a recent report on Adult Literacy and numeracy in that country.
The endocrine management of intractable masturbation after epilepsy surgery: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ebere Ikenna , Staufenberg Ekkehart FA , Dhatariya Ketan K 
Published: November 2019

Lesson Intractable masturbation has been reported after epilepsy surgery and can be difficult to control, we present a case treated with cyproterone acetate and haloperidol to achieve an endocrine based resolution of symptoms.
Characterization of Neogene marls from the Kert Basin (northeast Morocco): suitability for the ceramics industry
Authors: Nasri Hicham , Azdimousa Ali , El Hammouti Kamal , El Haddar Abdelilah , El Ouahabi Meriam 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe Neogene marls from the lower Kert area (northeast Morocco) were characterized to evaluate their suitability for the ceramics industry. Two cross-sections involving all of the Neogene facies were studied on both banks of the Kert River. Grey and green marls occurring between sandstone and tuffs were characterized by mineralogical (X-ray diffraction) and physicochemical (grain size, Atterberg limits, X-ray fluorescence and specific surface area) analyses. The Neogene clays studied are mainly calcareous silty marls containing 13–20 wt.% calcite. They consist of quartz, calcite, feldspars, dolomite, illite, kaolinite, chlorite and 10–14 Å illite-vermiculite mixed layers. Cristobalite was detected only in the uppermost level of the green marls, and it originates from a volcanic ash of Messinian age. Trace amounts of siderite and rhodochrosite indicate reducing or locally oxidizing conditions during sedimentation or shortly thereafter. The marls have medium to high plasticity, making them optimal for extrusion. Raw Neogene marls are suitable for manufacturing structural clay products. More specific uses, such as hollow products, roofing tiles and masonry bricks, were supported by the geochemical results and grain-size distribution.