bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the global far-infrared emission of galaxies
Authors: Dobbels Wouter , Baes Maarten 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDust absorbs stellar emission and reradiates this energy in the far-infrared (FIR). FIR observations hence give us a direct view of the dust, and allow us to study its properties. Unfortunately, FIR observations are only available for a small subset of galaxies. In this work, we estimate the global FIR emission from global UV-NIR observations. We show that a machine learning method clearly outperforms a SED modelling approach. For each galaxy, we not only predict the FIR flux across the 6 Herschel bands, but also estimate individual uncertainties. We inspect the worst predictions, and investigate how the machine learning predictor generalizes on new data. Our predictor can be used as a virtual observatory, which is especially useful now that there is still no confirmed next-generation FIR telescope.
Evolutionary Population Synthesis model with binary stars – Yunnan-II model
Authors: Zhang F. , Han Z. , Li L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBy considering a modified version of the evolutionary population synthesis (EPS) model for stellar populations (SPs) comprising binary stars, the retrieved galaxy and HII-region parameters/properties differ from the case of neglecting binary stars. The retrieved age, stellar metallicity and mass of galaxies increase (e.g. ∼ 0.2 dex when using spectral fitting algorithm), whilst the star formation rate decreases (∼0.2 dex). The radiation fields from intermediate-age SPs with binary stars could be potentially important ionizing sources in HII regions. Under this possibility, the theoretical division between star forming galaxy and AGN on the diagnostic diagrams would move towards the up-right corner and the retrieved gaseous metallicity would decrease.Our prediction for the birth rate of binary neutron stars in SPs ranges from 10−9 to 10−6${\M {^\minus 1_\odot}} $ yr−1 when the kick velocity is from 0 to 190 km s−1.
The spectral energy distributions of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Brown M. J. I. , Duncan K. J. , Landt H. , Kirk M. , Ricci C. , Kamraj N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstarctWe present ongoing work on the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), derived from X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared and radio photometry and spectroscopy. Our work is motivated by new wide-field imaging surveys that will identify vast numbers of AGNs, and by the need to benchmark AGN SED fitting codes. We have constructed 41 SEDs of individual AGNs and 80 additional SEDs that mimic Seyfert spectra. All of our SEDs span 0.09 to 30μm, while some extend into the X-ray and/or radio. We have tested the utility of the SEDs by using them to generate AGN photometric redshifts, and they outperform SEDs from the prior literature, including reduced redshift errors and flux density residuals.
Spatially resolved dust-to-gas mass ratios in nearby galaxies
Authors: Solís-Castillo Basilio , Albrecht Marcus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe analyse the dust-to-gas mass ratio (DGR) in nearby galaxies on kiloparsec scales. We focus on their dependence on metallicity and the CO-to-H2 conversion factor, αco. We use a sample of 25 nearby galaxies from SINGS and combine our data with CO (2-1) and H I observations from the HERACLES and THINGS surveys. We implement a Hierarchical Bayesian method to derive the dust mass via fitting the infrared data from 100 to 500 μm with a single modified blackbody. We find that the DGR-metallicity relation follows a power law and we study its strong dependency on the conversion factor αco. Our results indicate a strong connection between interstellar dust and gas. The resolved DGR-metallicity relation cannot be represented with a single power law. The scatter in this relation shows the strong impact of several processes that take place in every galaxy.
Challenges in modelling the rest-frame ultraviolet/optical spectra of galaxies at the high-redshift frontier
Authors: Zackrisson Erik , Vikaeus Anton 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNew challenges in the modelling of galaxy spectra are bound to emerge as upcoming telescopes like the James Webb Space Telescope will allow us to detect galaxies at fainter flux levels and higher redshifts than ever before. Here, we highlight three modelling problems that may become relevant for upcoming observations in the rest-frame ultraviolet/optical at the high-redshift frontier: stellar initial mass function sampling effects, Population III signatures and the leakage of ionizing radiation into the intergalactic medium.
Probing the luminous and dark matter profiles in the inner regions of a group-scale lens at z = 0.6
Authors: Tergolina Mônica , Furlanetto Cristina , Trevisan Marina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudying the density profiles of galaxy groups offers an important insight on how large-scale structure in the Universe formed and evolved, since galaxy groups bridge the gap between individual galaxies and galaxy clusters. We aim to probe the total density profile of the galaxy group that is gravitational lensing HELMS18, a submillimeter galaxy at z = 2.39 from the Herschel’s HerMES Large Mode Survey (HELMS), by combining strong gravitational lensing with kinematics of the centrally-located galaxies and kinematics of the group members. We will use high-resolution data of HELMS18 obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and multi-object spectroscopic data of the group members from Gemini-GMOS. Our final goal is to combine these observations to probe the stellar and dark matter density profiles and to build a complete description of this galaxy group.
Spectral study of scattered light by interstellar dust grains
Authors: Sano Kei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInterstellar dust is traced by not only thermal emission but also scattered light. The scattered light spectrum observed from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (IR) is useful to constrain some dust properties, such as size distribution, albedo, and composition. Milky Way Galaxy is a unique environment to observe the diffuse scattered light because we can extract it by removing the contribution of starlight. We have observed the UV to near-IR scattered light with space instruments, including Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE), Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and Multi-purpose Infra-Red Imaging System (MIRIS). The scattered light spectrum is marginally consistent with prediction from a recent dust model including carbonaceous and silicate grains with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Based on the MIRIS observation of a diffuse cloud, we compare the scattered light color with the dust model with or without grains larger than 1 micrometer. The result shows that the color is consistent with the model without the large grains, which is consistent with recent simulations of dust growth in low-density regions. However, some observations have shown the spectral excess at ∼ 0.6 micrometer wavelength, suggesting the presence of extended red emission (ERE) which cannot be explained by the conventional dust model.
Modelling the emission of passive galaxy candidates at z∼3
Authors: D’Eugenio C. , Daddi E. , Gobat R. , Strazzullo V. , Jin S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarly-type galaxies (ETGs) are of crucial importance to trace back the galaxy mass assembly across cosmic time, yet their formation and quenching remain remarkably elusive. The discoveries of massive, dead galaxies at ever-growing redshifts provided compelling evidence to push their formation up to redshift > 4–5 when the Universe was barely 1 Gyr old. In this talk I will present our results on the ages of a new sample of ETGs at z ∼ 3, built by exploiting HST WFC3/G141 rest-frame optical/near-UV grism spectroscopy to study the nature of 10 passive galaxy candidates at 2.5 < z < 3.5 in COSMOS.This work is part of a PhD project aimed at quantifying the parent space density of distant genuine passive galaxies. I will also discuss the importance of multi-wavelength data in clarifying the degree of contamination by dusty star-forming galaxies affecting the color selection.
Panchromatic study of the first galaxies in cosmological simulations
Authors: Yajima Hidenobu , Arata Shohei , Abe Makito , Nagamine Kentaro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent discoveries of high-redshift galaxies have revealed the diversity of their physical properties, from normal star-forming galaxies to starburst galaxies. To understand the properties of these observed galaxies, it is crucial to understand the star formation (SF) history, and the radiation properties associated with the SF activity. Here we present the results of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with zoom-in initial conditions, and show the formation of the first galaxies and their evolution towards observable galaxies at z = 6. In addition, we show their multi-wavelength radiative properties. We find that star formation occurs intermittently due to supernova (SN) feedback at z > 10, and their radiation properties rapidly change with time. We suggest that the first galaxies are bright at UV wavelengths just after the starburst phase, and become extended Lyman-alpha sources. We also show that massive galaxies cause dusty starburst and become bright at infrared wavelengths.
Exploring the star formation histories of galaxies in different environments from MaNGA spectra
Authors: Argudo-Fernández Maria , Boquien Médéric , Shen Shiyin , Yuan Fangting , Yin Jun , Chang Ruixiang , Hao Lei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe star formation history (SFH) of galaxies allow us to investigate when galaxies formed their stars and assembled their mass. We can constrain the SFH with high level of precision from galaxies with resolved stellar populations, since we are able to discriminate between stars of different ages from the spectrum they emit. However, the relative importance of secular evolution (nature) over nurture is not yet clear, and separating the effects of interaction-driven evolution in the observed galaxy properties is not trivial. The aim of this study is to use MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO) Integral Field Unit (IFU) data, in combination with multi-wavelength data, to constrain the SFH of nearby isolated galaxies. We present here the new techniques we are developing to constrain the SFH with high level of precision from Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) fitting. This study is part of a China-Chile collaboration program where we are applying these new techniques to investigate how galaxies formed and evolve in different environments.
A new galaxy Spectral Energy Distribution model with the evolution of dust consistent with chemical evolution
Authors: Nishida Kazuki Y. , Takeuchi Tsutomu T. , Nagata Takuma , Asano Ryosuke S. , Inoue Akio K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe spectral energy distribution (SED) model should treat the evolution of a galaxy from its birth. Dust in galaxies affects the formation and evolution of galaxies in various ways. For example, dust grains scatter and absorb stellar emitted ultraviolet (UV) photons and re-emit the radiation at infrared (IR) wavelengths. In this work, we construct a galaxy SED model based on our dust evolution model (Asano et al. 2013a,b, 2014) with a rigorous treatment of the chemical evolution. To reduce the computational cost, we adopt mega-grain approximation (MGA; (MGA; Inoue, 2005). MGA regards a high density dusty region as a huge size (10 pc) dust grain for calculating dust scattering. In this approximation, we can solve the radiative transfer easily and provide SEDs and attenuation curves of galaxies. This model can be used to fit any galaxy in the wavelength range of 10 nm-3 mm.
A historical overview of galaxy surveys
Authors: Okamura Sadanori 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAstronomy has changed from data-starving science to data-flooding science about 20 years ago due to advances of observational technology in all the wavelength regimes of electromagnetic waves. This paper gives a historical overview of galaxy surveys. We start from the impact of the technology development. Then, old imaging surveys and redshift surveys based on photography, especially using Schmidt telescopes, in the era of data-starving science are described in some detail. Several features of modern surveys are given and two highlights obtained from the exploitation of modern galaxy surveys are introduced.
Gender and Political Leadership in a Time of COVID
Authors: Johnson Carol , Williams Blair 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has undermined the division between the private sphere of the home and the public sphere of politics that has traditionally disadvantaged women political leaders. Whereas male political leaders historically drew on their traditional role as the male head of household to display forms of masculine protectionism toward citizens, women leaders are now able to draw on their traditional motherly role—for example, as the member of the household who traditionally cares for the sick—to display forms of feminine protectionism. As a result, international women leaders have managed to leverage women's role in the home to their advantage in the political sphere. Significantly, an appreciation of traditionally feminine attributes in women political leaders has been displayed in much media coverage, providing more favorable coverage of female political leaders than was previously the case.
Improving CBT supervision. Four years of implementing NES Specialist Supervision Training for CBT in Scotland
Authors: O’Neill Nathan , Albiston Mairi , Ferguson Sandra , Nicklas Leeanne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
NHS Education for Scotland (NES) plays a lead role in training the NHS Psychological Therapies workforce across Scotland. Ferguson et al. (2016) outlined the challenges, opportunities and proposed evaluation of the NES Specialist Supervision Training in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (NESSST-CBT). The aims of the training were to provide an evidence-based, flexible and learner-focused training in CBT specific supervision competencies. This paper will provide an update on the evaluation of the training using Kirkpatrick’s Impact Evaluation Model (1967, 1987). Results indicate that: (1) delegates rated the training experience positively in various ways; (2) delegates described increases in their confidence and competence in using structured measures of CBT and supervision; (3) a majority of delegates completing a 3-month follow-up questionnaire described continued use of a structured CBT measure in supervision and for self-reflection; and (4) 392 psychological therapists in Scotland have now been formally trained in CBT specific supervision skills. NESSST-CBT continues to adapt and improve as a resource for staff as NES moves forward in its Digital Strategy for Scotland’s NHS and partnership staff. Further implications of this are discussed, as well as limitations of the study.

Key learning aims

(1)
Readers will be able to further understand the multi-faceted role of NHS Education for Scotland in implementing CBT supervision training in Scotland.

(2)
Readers will be able to list three key outcomes from the feedback data on 4 years of a specialist supervision blended-learning training for CBT supervision.

(3)
Readers will be able to identify three key limitations of the study and recommendations for future research.
Hepatic lipid metabolism in adult rats using early weaning models: sex-related differences
Authors: Bertasso Iala Milene , Pietrobon Carla Bruna , da Silva Beatriz Souza , Miranda Rosiane Aparecida , Bonfleur Maria Lucia , Balbo Sandra Lucinei , Manhães Alex Christian , Oliveira Elaine , de Moura Egberto Gaspar , Lisboa Patricia Cristina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon-pharmacological early weaning (NPEW) induces liver damage in male progeny at adulthood; however, pharmacological early weaning (PEW) does not cause this dysfunction. To elucidate this difference in liver dysfunction between these two models and determine the phenotype of female offspring,de novolipogenesis, β-oxidation, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) export, and gluconeogenesis in both sexes were investigated in the adult Wistar rats that were weaned after a normal period of lactation (control group) or early weaned either by restriction of access to the dams’ teats (NPEW group) or by reduction of dams’ milk production with bromocriptine (PEW group). The offspring received standard diet from weaning to euthanasia (PN180). NPEW males had higher plasma triglycerides and TyG index, liver triglycerides, and cholesterol byde novolipogenesis, which leads to intracellular lipids accumulation. As expected, hepatic morphology was preserved in PEW males, but they showed increased liver triglycerides. The only molecular difference between PEW and NPEW males was in acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), which were lower in PEW animals. Both early weaning (EW) females had no changes in liver cholesterol and triglyceride contents, and the hepatic cytoarchitecture was preserved. The expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein was increased in both the female EW groups, which could constitute a protective factor. The changes in hepatic lipid metabolism in EW offspring were less marked in females. EW impacted in the hepatic cytoarchitecture only in NPEW males, which showed higher ACC-1 and SCD-1 when compared to the PEW group. As these enzymes are lipogenic, it could explain a worsened liver function in NPEW males.
Self-Administered Field Surveys on Sensitive Topics
Authors: Nanes Matthew , Haim Dotan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Research on sensitive topics uses a variety of methods to combat response bias on in-person surveys. Increasingly, researchers allow respondents to self-administer responses using electronic devices as an alternative to more complicated experimental approaches. Using an experiment embedded in a survey in the rural Philippines, we test the effects of several such methods on response rates and falsification. We asked respondents a sensitive question about reporting insurgents to the police alongside a nonsensitive question about school completion. We randomly assigned respondents to answer these questions either verbally, through a “forced choice” experiment, or through self-enumeration. We find that self-enumeration significantly reduced nonresponse compared to direct questioning, but find little evidence of differential rates of falsification. Forced choice yielded highly unlikely estimates, which we attribute to nonstrategic falsification. These results suggest that self-administered surveys can be effective for measuring sensitive topics on surveys when response rates are a priority.
WRF‐TEB: Implementation and Evaluation of the Coupled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Town Energy Balance (TEB) Model
Authors: Meyer D. , Schoetter R. , Riechert M. , Verrelle A. , Tewari M. , Dudhia J. , Masson V. , van Reeuwijk M. , Grimmond S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUrban land surface processes need to be represented to inform future urban climate and building energy projections. Here, the single layer urban canopy model Town Energy Balance (TEB) is coupled to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to create WRF‐TEB. The coupling method is described generically, implemented into software, and the code and data are released with a Singularity image to address issues of scientific reproducibility. The coupling is implemented modularly and verified by an integration test. Results show no detectable errors in the coupling. Separately, a meteorological evaluation is undertaken using observations from Toulouse, France. The latter evaluation, during an urban canopy layer heat island episode, shows reasonable ability to estimate turbulent heat flux densities and other meteorological quantities. We conclude that new model couplings should make use of integration tests as meteorological evaluations by themselves are insufficient, given that errors are difficult to attribute because of the interplay between observational errors and multiple parameterization schemes (e.g., radiation, microphysics, and boundary layer).
Exhumation of the Coyote Mountains Metamorphic Core Complex (Arizona): Implications for Orogenic Collapse of the Southern North American Cordillera
Authors: Gottardi Raphaël , McAleer Ryan , Casale Gabriele , Borel Megan , Iriondo Alexander , Jepson Gilby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA microstructural and thermochronometric analysis of the Coyote Mountains detachment shear zone provides new insight into the collapse of the southern North American Cordillera. The Coyote Mountains is a metamorphic core complex that makes up the northern end of the Baboquivari Mountains in southern Arizona. The Baboquivari Mountains records several episodes of crustal shortening and thickening and regional metamorphism, including the Late Cretaceous‐early Paleogene Laramide orogeny which is locally expressed by the Baboquivari thrust fault. Thrusting and shortening were accompanied by magmatic activity recorded by intrusion of Paleocene muscovite‐biotite‐garnet peraluminous granites such as the ~58 Ma Pan Tak Granite, interpreted as anatectic melts representing the culmination of the Laramide orogeny. Following Laramide crustal shortening, the northern end of the Baboquivari Mountains was exhumed along a top‐to‐the‐north detachment shear zone, which resulted in the formation of the Coyote Mountains metamorphic core complex. Structural and microstructural analysis show that the detachment shear zone evolved under a strong component of noncoaxial (simple shear) deformation, at deformation conditions of ~450 ± 50°C, under a differential stress of ~60 MPa, and a strain rate of 1.5 × 10−11to 5.0 × 10−13 s−1at depth of ~11–14 km. Detailed40Ar/39Ar geochronology of biotite and muscovite, in the context of the deformation conditions determined by quartz microstructures, suggests that the mylonitization associated with the formation of the Coyote Mountains metamorphic core complex started at ~29 Ma (early Oligocene). Apatite fission track ages indicate that the footwall of the Coyote Mountains metamorphic core complex experienced rapid exhumation to the upper crust by ~24 Ma. The fact that mylonitization and rapid extensional exhumation postdates Laramide thickening by ~30 Myr indicates that crustal thickness alone was insufficient to initiate extensional tectonic and required an additional driving force. The timing of mylonitization and rapid exhumation documented here and in other MCCs are consistent with the hypothesis that slab rollback and the effect of a slab window trailing the Mendocino Triple Junction have been critical in driving the development of the MCCs of the southwest.