bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method for a cloud based remaining-service-life-prediction for vehicle-gearboxes based on big-data-analysis and machine learning
Authors: Vietze Daniel , Hein Michael , Stahl Karsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost vehicle-gearboxes operating today are designed for a limited service-life. On the one hand, this creates significant potential for decreasing cost and mass as well as reduction of the carbon-footprint. On the other hand, this causes a rising risk of failure with increasing operating time of the machine. Especially if a failure can result in a high economic loss, this fact creates a conflict of goals. On the one hand, the machine should only be maintained or replaced when necessary and, on the other hand, the probability of a failure increases with longer operating times. Therefore, a method is desirable, making it possible to predict the remaining service-life and state of health with as little effort as possible.Centerpiece of gearboxes are the gears. A failure of these components usually causes the whole gearbox to fail. The fatigue life analysis deals with the dimensioning of gears according to the expected loads and the required service-life. Unfortunately, there is very little possibility to validate the technical design during operation, today. Hence, the goal of this paper is to present a method, enabling the prediction of the remaining-service-life and state-of-health of gears during operation. Within this method big-data and machine-learning approaches are used. The method is designed in a way, enabling an easy transfer to other machine elements and kinds of machinery.
Entwicklung von galvanisch gekoppelten Gleitlagern zur Reduzierung von Reibung und Verschleiß
Authors: Amann T. , Chen W. , Baur M. , Kailer A. , Rühe J. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDurch Reibung und Verschleiß werden weltweit Gesamtkosten von 250 Mrd. €/Jahr verursacht und 8120 MtCO2-Emissionen freigesetzt. Die aktuellen Herausforderungen bestehen darin, die Vorteile ultraniedriger Reibung, der verschleißlosen Gleit- und Reibungskontrolle sowie der wasserbasierten Schmierung hinsichtlich Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz für technische Anwendungen zu nutzen. An dieser Problematik, der Steigerung der Energieeffizienz und Nachhaltigkeit, setzt diese Arbeit an. Vorarbeiten haben gezeigt, dass mit speziellen mesogenen Flüssigkeiten Superlubrizität (µ < 0,005) realisiert werden kann. In dieser Arbeit sollen neben der anwendungsnahen Prüfung dieser mesogenen Fluide auch die Eigenschaften von Wasser als Schmierstoff durch Additivierung mit komplexen Fluiden (ionischen Flüssigkeiten, lyotroper Flüssigkristall) und Einbringung eines elektrochemischen Schutzes durch galvanische Kopplung verbessert werden. Durch die Zugabe der komplexen Fluide in Wasser wurden Reibung- und Verschleiß in Modellreibversuchen verbessert. Gleitlagerversuche mit dem mesogenen Schmierstoff zeigen bei galvanisch induziertem Oberflächenpotenzial, durch Kopplung des Stahllagers mit Kupfer, eine Reibwertreduzierung um 60 % und eine Verschleißreduktion um 40 % im Vergleich zu einem Referenzöl.
Impacts of invasive trees on alpha and beta diversity of temperate forest understories
Authors: Dyderski Marcin K. , Jagodziński Andrzej M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite good recognition of distributions and spread mechanisms of the three most invasive trees in Europe (Prunus serotina,Quercus rubraandRobinia pseudoacacia), their impacts on forest biodiversity are unevenly recognized. Most studies cover only taxonomic alpha diversity, and only a single study included functional and phylogenetic diversity. Using a set of 186 study plots in western Poland we assessed the impacts of these invasive tree species on the alpha and beta taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of understory vascular plants. Alpha diversity was higher inR. pseudoacaciaforests and lower inQ. rubraforests compared to mature native forests. Compared to non-invaded plantations and forests, alpha diversity was higher inP. sylvestrisplantations invaded byP. serotina, but lower in invaded nutrient-poorP. sylvestrisforests. Alien species richness was higher and beta diversity was lower in forests invaded byP. serotinaorR. pseudoacaciathan in non-invaded forests. In contrast, beta diversity was higher inQ. rubraforests than in native forests. We proved that invaded forests differed from non-invaded forests in species composition, but not always with decreased alpha and beta diversity. Impacts of particular invasive species also depended on the reference ecosystem properties (here mature native forests, which did not always have the highest biodiversity), which is a source of inconsistency in previous studies, usually referring to single native ecosystem types.
Material characterization and Streptococcus oralis adhesion on Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium surfaces used in implantology
Authors: D’Ercole Simonetta , Cellini Luigina , Pilato Serena , Di Lodovico Silvia , Iezzi Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano , Petrini Morena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between Streptococcus oralis and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a novel material recently introduced in implantology. The topographical characterization and the Streptococcus oralis adhesion on this material were compared with other titanium surfaces, currently used for the production of dental implants: machined and double etched (DAE). The superficial micro-roughness of the PEEK discs was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and, the Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analyzed their chemical composition. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the micro-topography and the sessile method to evaluate the wettability of the samples. Microbiological analysis measured the colony forming units (CFUs), the biomass (OD570 detection) and the cell viability after 24 and 48 h after Streptococcus oralis cultivation on the different discs, that were previously incubated with saliva. Results showed that PEEK was characterized by a micro-roughness that was similar to machined titanium but at nano-level the nano-roughness was significantly higher in respect to the other samples. The EDS showed that PEEK superficial composition was characterized mainly by Carbonium and Oxygen. The hydrophilicity and wetting properties of PEEK were similar to machined titanium; on the contrary, double etched discs (DAE) samples were characterized by significantly higher levels (p < 0.05). PEEK was characterized by significant lower CFUs, biomass and viable cells in respect to the titanium surfaces. No differences were found between machined and DAE. The anti-adhesive and antibacterial properties showed by PEEK at 24 and 48 h against a pioneer such as S. oralis, could have an important role in the prevention of all pathologies connected with biofilm formation, like peri-implantitis in dentistry or prosthetic failures in orthopedics.
Exploratory study of introducing HPC to non-ICT researchers: institutional strategy is possibly needed for widespread adaption
Authors: Ferdinandy Bence , Guerrero-Higueras Ángel Manuel , Verderber Éva , Rodríguez-Lera Francisco Javier , Miklósi Ádám 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMachine learning algorithms are becoming more and more useful in many fields of science, including many areas where computational methods are rarely used. High-performance Computing (HPC) is the most powerful solution to get the best results using these algorithms. HPC requires various skills to use. Acquiring this knowledge might be intimidating and take a long time for a researcher with small or no background in information and communications technologies (ICTs), even if the benefits of such knowledge is evident for the researcher. In this work, we aim to assess how a specific method of introducing HPC to such researchers enables them to start using HPC. We gave talks to two groups of non-ICT researchers that introduced basic concepts focusing on the necessary practical steps needed to use HPC on a specific cluster. We also offered hands-on trainings for one of the groups which aimed to guide participants through the first steps of using HPC. Participants filled out questionnaires partly based on Kirkpatrick’s training evaluation model before and after the talk, and after the hands-on training. We found that the talk increased participants’ self-reported likelihood of using HPC in their future research, but this was not significant for the group where participation was voluntary. On the contrary, very few researchers participated in the hands-on training, and for these participants neither the talk, nor the hands-on training changed their self-reported likelihood of using HPC in their future research. We argue that our findings show that academia and researchers would benefit from an environment that not only expects researchers to train themselves, but provides structural support for acquiring new skills.
Unravelling the effect of data augmentation transformations in polyp segmentation
Authors: Sánchez-Peralta Luisa F. , Picón Artzai , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M. , Pagador J. Blas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Data augmentation is a common technique to overcome the lack of large annotated databases, a usual situation when applying deep learning to medical imaging problems. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on which transformations to apply for a particular field. This work aims at identifying the effect of different transformations on polyp segmentation using deep learning.

Methods
A set of transformations and ranges have been selected, considering image-based (width and height shift, rotation, shear, zooming, horizontal and vertical flip and elastic deformation), pixel-based (changes in brightness and contrast) and application-based (specular lights and blurry frames) transformations. A model has been trained under the same conditions without data augmentation transformations (baseline) and for each of the transformation and ranges, using CVC-EndoSceneStill and Kvasir-SEG, independently. Statistical analysis is performed to compare the baseline performance against results of each range of each transformation on the same test set for each dataset.

Results
This basic method identifies the most adequate transformations for each dataset. For CVC-EndoSceneStill, changes in brightness and contrast significantly improve the model performance. On the contrary, Kvasir-SEG benefits to a greater extent from the image-based transformations, especially rotation and shear. Augmentation with synthetic specular lights also improves the performance.

Conclusion
Despite being infrequently used, pixel-based transformations show a great potential to improve polyp segmentation in CVC-EndoSceneStill. On the other hand, image-based transformations are more suitable for Kvasir-SEG. Problem-based transformations behave similarly in both datasets. Polyp area, brightness and contrast of the dataset have an influence on these differences.
Near Net Shape Casting: Is It Possible to Cast Too Thin?
Authors: Slater Carl , Davis Claire 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With increased efforts across the steel industry to produce steel in more economical ways, interest in near net shape casting has increased. Although much has been reported on the production of exotic alloys via these methods, to make the investment in new casting equipment, capability to produce current high value steels by these methods would derisk the capital expenditure. This study assesses the production of a dual phase steel (DP800) by belt casting and compared to that of conventional continuous casting. Although a drop in yield and tensile strength was seen in the belt cast-produced material, the increased elongation allowed for a comparable/improved UTS × elongation factor. A combination of in situ dendrite measurements, thermal modeling, and lab-scale belt casting has allowed insight into the relationship between cast thickness and final band spacing. The inherent lack of deformation of near net shape casting results in coarser band spacing and is not accounted for by the refinement of the secondary arm spacing caused by the faster solidification rates. This limits the strength achievable for a given martensite volume fraction. This has been predicted across the full range of casting thicknesses (1 to 230 mm) and good agreement has been shown with experimental results.
Relaxation versus exercise for improved quality of life in lymphoma survivors—a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hathiramani Suchita , Pettengell R. , Moir H. , Younis A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Lymphoma survivors experience persisting needs as a consequence of disease and treatment, which have an impact on quality of life (QoL). There is evidence supporting the use of relaxation and exercise to improve QoL, but there is no agreement on which is more beneficial. This study aims to compare a relaxation intervention versus an exercise intervention to determine which has a greater impact on QoL post-chemotherapy.

Methods
Eligible participants (n = 46) were randomised to a relaxation or exercise intervention for 12 weeks. QoL was assessed at baseline, 6 weeks and post-intervention using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire, which is a valid and reliable tool. The summary score and all EORTC domains were assessed.

Results
There was a significant difference in QoL post-intervention between groups (p = 0.029) while adjusting for baseline QoL, with the exercise group demonstrating a larger improvement. Within-group QoL significantly improved pre- to post-intervention in both the relaxation (p = 0.036) and exercise (p = 0.004) groups.

Conclusions
A self-management intervention of either exercise or relaxation can help significantly improve QoL in lymphoma survivors following chemotherapy. While exercise is preferred, a relaxation intervention would also have a beneficial impact on QoL.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Lymphoma survivors should be routinely screened and those with decreased QoL referred for an exercise programme, or relaxation for survivors who are unable to exercise or choose not to. A home-based programme can have a significant positive impact on QoL and is a feasible and effective method in the current climate.

Trial registration number
Clinical Trials ID NCT02272751
Fear of cancer recurrence among young adult cancer survivors—exploring long-term contributing factors in a large, population-based cohort
Authors: Vandraas Kathrine F. , Reinertsen Kristin V. , Kiserud Cecilie E. , Lie Hanne C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) may be debilitating, yet knowledge of FCR among the growing population of long-term young adult cancer survivors (YACS) is scarce. We explored risk of FCR and associated factors in a nation-wide, population-based cohort of YACS.

Methods
All 5-year survivors diagnosed at the ages of 19–39 years with breast cancer (BC), malignant melanoma (MM), colorectal cancer (CRC), leukemia (LEU), or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) between 1985 and 2009 in Norway were identified by the Cancer Registry of Norway and completed the cross-sectional comprehensive NOR-CAYACS health survey. Univariate and multivariate linear regression modeling was performed.

Results
In total, 936 survivors were included, with an average of 16 years since diagnoses. BC was the most prevalent cancer form (38.4%), followed by MM (24.7%), NHL (15.6%), CRC (11.8%), and LEU (9.6%). Survivors worried most about getting another cancer (74%), and (20%) reported quite a bit or a lot of FCR. BC and MM survivors had the highest FCR scores. Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) had the strongest association with FCR (Std B 0.21, p < 0.01), above demographic and clinical variables.

Conclusions
FCR is prevalent even among long-term YACS, including survivors of MM with favorable prognoses.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Attention to ongoing risks of PTSS and FCR in this growing survivor population is warranted to optimize future survivorship care.
Effects of Wind-Wave Misalignment on a Wind Turbine Blade Mating Process: Impact Velocities, Blade Root Damages and Structural SafetyAssessment
Authors: Verma Amrit Shankar , Jiang Zhiyu , Ren Zhengru , Gao Zhen , Vedvik Nils Petter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost wind turbine blades are assembled piece-by-piece onto the hub of a monopile-type offshore wind turbine using jack-up crane vessels. Despite the stable foundation of the lifting cranes, the mating process exhibits substantial relative responses amidst blade root and hub. These relative motions are combined effects of wave-induced monopile motions and wind-induced blade root motions, which can cause impact loads at the blade root’s guide pin in the course of alignment procedure. Environmental parameters including the wind-wave misalignments play an important role for the safety of the installation tasks and govern the impact scenarios. The present study investigates the effects of wind-wave misalignments on the blade root mating process on a monopile-type offshore wind turbine. The dynamic responses including the impact velocities between root and hub in selected wind-wave misalignment conditions are investigated using multibody simulations. Furthermore, based on a finite element study, different impact-induced failure modes at the blade root for sideways and head-on impact scenarios, developed due to wind-wave misalignment conditions, are investigated. Finally, based on extreme value analyses of critical responses, safe domain for the mating task under different wind-wave misalignments is compared. The results show that although misaligned wind-wave conditions develop substantial relative motions between root and hub, aligned wind-wave conditions induce largest impact velocities and develop critical failure modes at a relatively low threshold velocity of impact.
Sustainability Reporting and Firms’ Economic Performance: Evidence from Asia and Africa
Authors: Girón Alicia , Kazemikhasragh Amirreza , Cicchiello Antonella Francesca , Panetti Eva 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGiven the increasing concern for the global environmental issues and the relating need for preservation of the ecosystem, sustainability reporting has become more and more important, to both developed and developing economies, sparking the interest of the literature. This study primarily aims to investigate the factors that influence the adoption of new sustainability reporting practices and external assurance. Also, this paper examines the relationship between the reporting activity and firms’ economic performance. The paper combines data from the Global Reporting Initiative’s (GRI) Sustainability Disclosure Database and the Orbis database, from Bureau van Dijk. More specifically, the study uses two logit models and one regression model based on a sample of 366 large Asian and African companies which have addressed the SDGs in their sustainability reports published in 2017. The results reveal that operating in the manufacturing sector and having a higher percentage of women directors in the company’s management structure are positively related to the adoption of sustainability reporting and external assurance. Also, operating in the manufacturing sector leads to better firms’ economic performance. Contrarily from previous studies, the age of the company’s board of directors does not have influences on the use of sustainability reporting. This research contributes to the sustainability issues in the context of emerging markets by explaining the driving factors behind it and its linkage with firms’ performance.
Gut microbes in cardiovascular diseases and their potential therapeutic applications
Authors: Jin Ling , Shi Xiaoming , Yang Jing , Zhao Yangyu , Xue Lixiang , Xu Li , Cai Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicrobial ecosystem comprises a complex community in which bacteria interact with each other. The potential roles of the intestinal microbiome play in human health have gained considerable attention. The imbalance of gut microbial community has been looked to multiple chronic diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading causes of morbidity worldwide and are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances have provided scientific evidence that CVD may also be attributed to gut microbiome. In this review, we highlight the complex interplay between microbes, their metabolites, and the potential influence on the generation and development of CVDs. The therapeutic potential of using intestinal microbiomes to treat CVD is also discussed. It is quite possible that gut microbes may be used for clinical treatments of CVD in the near future.
German principals’ attitude towards the form of religious education at state schools
Authors: Riegel Ulrich , Zimmermann Mirjam , Hohenschue Oliver 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite the strong status of denominational religious education (RE) in the German constitution this organizational form of RE finds itself increasingly under pressure at state schools. Reasons for this development are among others the shrinking percentage of baptized people in Germany, problems in organising this form of RE at school and the discussion on the role of religion in civil society. Concerning the future of RE four options can be determined that need to be discussed: denominational RE, cooperative RE, integrative RE and Moral Education instead of RE. This article presents a survey of 228 school principals who have introduced a cooperative RE at their school to find out which form of RE they prefer for which reasons. The results show that they prefer integrative RE (M = 4.07) over cooperative RE (M = 4.00). Moral Education does not get much support (M = 2.57), but still more than denominational RE (M = 2.27). Regression analysis gives evidence that issues like organizational aspects (for example size of the school) and educational goals (for example views on “taking position in RE”) predict the principals’ preferences. These results provide first impressions of an important group of people within the educational system who have hardly been considered in the discussion about how religion should be taught in the future.
Where Tracking Loses Traction
Authors: Barrington Mitchell 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTracking theories see knowledge as a relation between a subject's belief and the truth, where the former is responsive to the latter. This relationship involves causation in virtue of a sensitivity condition, which is constrained by an adherence condition. The result is what I call a stable causal relationship between a fact and a subject's belief in that fact. I argue that when we apprehend the precise role of causation in the theory, previously obscured problems pour out. This paper presents 13 distinct and original counterexamples to Nozick's tracking theory – many of which also constitute problems for more recent tracking theories. I begin by discussing how tracking relates to causation: Nozick invokes causation through conditions similar to those of Lewisian causal dependence. As a result, when causal dependence is not necessary for causation, Nozick fails to identify knowledge. I then address the inability of causation to capture epistemically important concepts, such as justification and truth. I conclude by discussing the underlying asymmetries between causation and knowledge that undermine any attempt to reduce knowledge to a purely metaphysical relation.