bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labor and delivery unit practices and racial and ethnic disparities in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity among nulliparous individuals with low-risk pregnancies
Authors: Leonard Stephanie A , Xu Xiao , Davies-Balch Shantay , Main Elliott K , Bateman Brian T , Rehkopf David H , Lee Henry C , Illuzzi Jessica , Igbinosa Irogue , Iwekaogwu Ijeoma , Lyell Deirdre J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Persistent racial and ethnic disparities exist in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity, which may be due in part to differences in labor and delivery unit practices across hospitals. We used data collected from 184 hospitals in California (2015-2018) to assess whether nulliparous individuals with low-risk pregnancies differ by race and ethnicity in giving birth at hospitals that tend to use lower-interventional labor and delivery unit practices, and whether such differences contribute to disparities in severe maternal and neonatal morbidity. We classified labor and delivery units as higher- or lower-interventional based on a latent class analysis of survey responses about the frequency of using lower-interventional practices. We used a modified doubly robust g-estimator to estimate counterfactual disparity measures, setting all hospitals to be lower-interventional. Among 348,990 low-risk livebirths, the proportion occurring at lower-interventional hospitals was lowest in Black and Latino individuals (17% and 16%, respectively) and highest in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) and White individuals (29% in both). Severe maternal and neonatal morbidity occurred most frequently among AI/AN individuals. Counterfactual disparity measures suggested that if all births occurred at lower-interventional hospitals, racial and ethnic disparities in the outcomes would modestly increase, except for severe neonatal morbidity among AI/AN individuals.
Relationship Between Acute SARS-CoV-2 Viral Clearance and Long COVID-19 (Long COVID) Symptoms: A Cohort Study
Authors: Herbert Carly , Antar Annukka A R , Broach John , Wright Colton , Stamegna Pamela , Luzuriaga Katherine , Hafer Nathaniel , McManus David D , Manabe Yukari C , Soni Apurv 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral dynamics during acute infection and the development of long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), or “long COVID,” is largely unknown.

Methods
Between October 2021 and February 2022, 7361 people not known to have COVID-19 self-collected nasal swab samples for SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction testing every 24–48 hours for 10–14 days. Participants whose first known SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected were surveyed for long COVID in August 2023. Their slopes of viral clearance were modeled using linear mixed effects models with random slopes and intercepts, and the relative risk (RR) of long COVID based on viral slopes was calculated using a log binomial model, adjusted for age, symptoms, and variant. Sex-based interaction terms were also evaluated for significance.

Results
A total of 172 participants were eligible for analyses, and 59 (34.3%) reported long COVID. The risk of long COVID with 3–4 symptoms (adjusted RR, 2.44 [95% confidence interval, .88–6.82]) and ≥5 symptoms (4.97 [1.90–13.0]) increased with each unit increase in slope of viral clearance. While the probability of long COVID increased with slowed viral clearance among women, the same relationship was not observed among men (interaction term: P = .02). Acute SARS-CoV-2 symptoms of abdominal pain (adjusted RR, 5.41 [95% confidence interval, 2.44–12.0]), nausea (3.01 [1.31–6.89]), and body aches (2.58 [1.26–5.30]) were most strongly associated with long COVID.

Conclusions
We observed that slower viral clearance rates during acute COVID-19 were associated with increased risk and more symptoms of long COVID . Early viral-host dynamics appear to be mechanistically linked to the development of long COVID.
Impact of Anti-CD4 Autoantibodies on Immune Reconstitution in People With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Epling Brian P , Lisco Andrea , Manion Maura , Laidlaw Elizabeth , Galindo Frances , Anderson Megan , Roby Gregg , Sheikh Virginia , Migueles Stephen A , Poole April , Perez-Diez Ainhoa , Liu Xiangdong , Rao V Koneti , Burbelo Peter D , Sereti Irini 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), 15%–30% of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience a limited recovery of CD4 T cells. Although autoantibodies against the CD4 receptor have previously been identified in people with HIV (PWH), little is known about their longitudinal impact on CD4 T-cell reconstitution.

Methods
Anti-CD4 autoantibodies were evaluated by the fluid-phase luciferase immunoprecipitation systems immunoassay in ART-naive people with advanced HIV (CD4 count ≤100 cells/µL), PWH with CD4 count &gt;200 cells/µL, long-term nonprogressors, people with idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia, people with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, and healthy volunteers without HIV. In the participants with advanced HIV, we assessed the association of anti-CD4 autoantibodies at ART initiation with CD4 recovery over a median follow-up of 192 weeks.

Results
Anti-CD4 autoantibodies were identified in 29% (61/210) of ART-naive participants with advanced HIV but were absent in people without HIV. Female PWH showed a 4-fold higher prevalence (P &lt; .001) of anti-CD4 autoantibodies compared to males. After ART initiation, people with advanced HIV with anti-CD4 autoantibodies exhibited an overall slower rate of CD4 reconstitution (5.8 vs 6.6 cells/µL/month, P = .007) and lower week 192 CD4 count (268 vs 355 cells/µL, P = .037). Incidental, clinically indicated immunosuppressive therapy in these participants was associated with an improved rate of CD4 reconstitution (P = .0019) and higher week 192 CD4 count (551 vs 268 cells/µL, P = .019).

Conclusions
People with advanced HIV harboring anti-CD4 autoantibodies at ART initiation demonstrated a slower rate and extent of CD4 reconstitution after 4 years. Incidental immunosuppressive therapy was associated with increased CD4 counts in these participants.
Urinary tartaric acid as a biomarker of wine consumption and cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED trial
Authors: Domínguez-López Inés , Lamuela-Raventós Rosa M , Razquin Cristina , Arancibia-Riveros Camila , Galkina Polina , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Alonso-Gómez Ángel M , Fitó Montserrat , Fiol Miquel , Lapetra José , Gómez-Gracia Enrique , Sorlí José V , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Castañer Olga , Liang Liming , Serra-Majem Lluis , Hu Frank B , Ros Emilio , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Estruch Ramon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Moderate wine consumption has been associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older populations. However, wine consumption information through self-reports is prone to measurement errors inherent to subjective assessments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between urinary tartaric acid, an objective biomarker of wine consumption, and the rate of a composite clinical CVD event.

Methods
A case-cohort nested study was designed within the PREDIMED trial with 1232 participants: 685 incident cases of CVD and a random subcohort of 625 participants (including 78 overlapping cases). Wine consumption was registered using validated food frequency questionnaires. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure urinary tartaric acid at baseline and after one year of intervention. Weighted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD.

Results
Tartaric acid was correlated with self-reported wine consumption at baseline [r = 0.46 (95% CI 0.41; 0.50)]. Five categories of post hoc urinary tartaric acid excretion were used for better representation of risk patterns. Concentrations of 3–12 and 12–35 μg/mL, which reflect ∼3–12 and 12–35 glasses/month of wine, were associated with lower CVD risk [HR 0.62 (95% CI 0.38; 1.00), P = .050 and HR 0.50 (95% CI 0.27; 0.95), P = .035, respectively]. Less significant associations between self-reported wine consumption and CVD risk were observed.

Conclusions
Light-to-moderate wine consumption, measured through an objective biomarker (tartaric acid), was prospectively associated with lower CVD rate in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.
Microbial functional diversity and redundancy: moving forward
Authors: Ramond Pierre , Galand Pierre E , Logares Ramiro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Microbial functional ecology is expanding as we can now measure the traits of wild microbes that affect ecosystem functioning. Here, we review techniques and advances that could be the bedrock for a unified framework to study microbial functions. These include our newfound access to environmental microbial genomes, collections of microbial traits, but also our ability to study microbes’ distribution and expression. We then explore the technical, ecological, and evolutionary processes that could explain environmental patterns of microbial functional diversity and redundancy. Next, we suggest reconciling microbiology with biodiversity–ecosystem functioning studies by experimentally testing the significance of microbial functional diversity and redundancy for the efficiency, resistance, and resilience of ecosystem processes. Such advances will aid in identifying state shifts and tipping points in microbiomes, enhancing our understanding of how and where will microbes guide Earth's biomes in the context of a changing planet.
The international Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière? French socialism in the International and its relationship with the Partito Socialista Italiano during diplomatic crises (1911–1915)
Authors: Marcobelli Elisa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article explores the role of the Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière (SFIO) in the Second International and its response to international crises that threatened European peace before World War I. By 1914, the Second International had developed a unified antimilitarist stance, co-ordinating efforts through the International Socialist Bureau (ISB) against wars, exemplified during the Moroccan crises of 1905 and 1911 and the Italo–Turkish War (1911–12). The article investigates the SFIO’s engagement in antiwar activism, its interactions with the Partito Socialista Italiano (PSI) and the extent of internationalist consciousness within French socialism. Despite the SFIO’s active participation in international socialist movements, the relationship with the PSI revealed complexities, particularly as Italy’s delayed entry into World War I created tensions. This study situates itself within the historiographical renewal of socialism’s history, emphasizing transnational perspectives and the interconnectedness of socialist parties across Europe.
Use of patient-derived cell models for characterization of compound heterozygous hypomorphic C2CD3 variants in a patient with isolated nephronophthisis
Authors: Sentell Zachary T , Mougharbel Lina , Nurcombe Zachary W , Babayeva Sima , Henein Marc , Chu Lee Lee , Akpa Murielle M , Chung Chen-Fang , Rivière Jean-Baptiste , Pupavac Mihaela , Li Rui , Rosenblatt David S , Majewski Jacek , Goodyer Paul R , Torban Elena , Kitzler Thomas M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary ciliopathies are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders predominantly caused by autosomal-recessive genetic variants that disrupt non-motile ciliary function. They often manifest as a syndromic phenotype, frequently involving the kidney. Biallelic pathogenic variants in C2CD3 disrupt ciliogenesis and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling, resulting in a severe ciliopathy (Orofaciodigital syndrome XIV, OMIM 615948). We present compound heterozygous missense variants in C2CD3 that partially disrupt ciliary function in a patient with isolated renal disease.

Methods
Exome sequencing identified biallelic C2CD3 missense variants (p.Pro168Leu; p.Thr2079Met). Patient-derived fibroblasts and urinary renal epithelial cells (URECs), and human RPE-1 C2CD3 knockout (KO) cell-lines were used for in vitro studies.

Results
Cilia length was significantly shorter in patient-derived fibroblasts compared to an unaffected sibling (2.309 vs. 2.850 μm, P &lt; 0.0001), while URECs showed significantly shortened cilia (2.068 vs. 2.807 μm, P &lt; 0.0001) and a 40.8% reduction in ciliation (P &lt; 0.001). The latter was not observed in fibroblasts, suggesting a kidney-specific effect. SHH signaling was dysregulated in patient cells as expression of GLI3 activator protein and GLI1 mRNA was significantly reduced. C2CD3 localization to the basal body was significantly reduced in patient URECs. Finally, rescue experiments in C2CD3 KO RPE-1 cells corroborated these findings by demonstrating a reduced capacity to restore ciliogenesis for each variant.

Conclusion
Biallelic hypomorphic missense variants in C2CD3 may contribute to an isolated nephronophthisis phenotype with impaired ciliogenesis and SHH signaling. Our findings underscore the importance of functional testing to characterize candidate gene-disease relationships in patients with nephropathy of unknown etiology.
Randomized controlled phase III study comparing chemotherapy alone versus conversion surgery after a remarkable response to chemotherapy in patients with initially unresectable cStage IVB or pStage IV gastric cancer (JCOG2301, Conversion study)
Authors: Kita Ryosuke , Yasufuku Itaru , Takahashi Naoki , Mizusawa Junki , Sano Yusuke , Fukuda Haruhiko , Kurokawa Yukinori , Boku Narikazu , Terashima Masanori , Yoshikawa Takaki ,   Stomach Cancer Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The standard approach for stage IV gastric cancer is palliative chemotherapy. However, despite the advancements in various chemotherapy regimens, the prognosis remains poor, highlighting the urgent need to develop more effective treatment strategies. The controversy persists regarding the integration of a local therapy including surgery in the management of unresectable stage IV gastric cancer. This randomized phase III trial aims to confirm the additional benefit of conversion surgery following palliative chemotherapy compared with palliative chemotherapy alone with respect to overall survival in patients initially diagnosed with unresectable clinical stage IVB or pathological stage IV gastric cancer after a remarkable response to chemotherapy. This study plans to enroll 126 patients from 63 institutions in Japan for 5 years, and it has been registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials as jRCTs031240340 (https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs031240340).
Large-scale dual AGN in large-scale cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
Authors: Puerto-Sánchez Clara , Habouzit Mélanie , Volonteri Marta , Ni Yueying , Foord Adi , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Chen Nianyi , Guetzoyan Paloma , Davé Romeel , Di Matteo Tiziana , Dubois Yohan , Koss Michael , Rosas-Guevara Yetli 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Detecting dual active galactic nuclei (DAGNs) in observations and understanding theoretically which massive black holes (MBHs) compose them and in which galactic and large-scale environment they reside are becoming increasingly important questions as we enter the multimessenger era of MBH astronomy. This paper presents the abundance and properties of DAGN produced in nine large-scale cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We focus on DAGN powered by AGN with $L_{\rm bol}\geqslant 10^{43}\, \rm erg\, s^{-1}$ and belonging to distinct galaxies, i.e. pairs that can be characterized with current and near-future electromagnetic observations. We find that the number density of DAGN separated by a few to 30 proper kpc varies from $10^{-8}$ (or none) to $10^{-3} \, \rm comoving\, Mpc^{3}$ in the redshift range $z=0\!-\!7$. At a given redshift, the densities of the DAGN numbers vary by up to two orders of magnitude from one simulation to another. However, for all simulations, the DAGN peak is in the range $z=1\!-\!3$, right before the peak of cosmic star formation or cosmic AGN activity. The corresponding fractions of DAGN (with respect to the total number of AGN) range from 0 per cent to 6 per cent. We find that simulations could produce too few DAGN at $z=0$ (or merge pairs too quickly) compared to current observational constraints while being consistent with preliminary constraints at high redshift ($z\sim 3$). Next-generation observatories (e.g. Advanced X-Ray Imaging Satellite [AXIS]) will be of paramount importance to detect DAGN across cosmic times. We predict the detectability of DAGN with future X-ray telescopes and discuss DAGN as progenitors for future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) gravitational wave detections.
Off-centre ignition of sub-Chandrasekhar white dwarfs does not resolve the tension with the observed t0–MNi56 relation of type Ia supernovae
Authors: Schinasi-Lemberg Eden , Kushnir Doron 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are likely the thermonuclear explosions of carbon-oxygen (CO) white-dwarf (WD) stars, but the exact nature of their progenitor systems remains uncertain. Recent studies have suggested that a propagating detonation within a thin helium shell surrounding a sub-Chandrasekhar mass CO core can subsequently trigger a detonation within the core (the double-detonation model, DDM). The resulting explosion resembles a central ignition of a sub-Chandrasekhar mass CO WD (SCD), which is known to be in tension with the observed $t_0-$$M_{\rm {Ni56}}$ relation, where $t_0$ (the $\gamma$-rays’ escape time from the ejecta) is positively correlated with $M_{\rm {Ni56}}$ (the synthesized $^{56}$Ni mass). SCD predicts an anticorrelation between $t_0$ and $M_{\rm {Ni56}}$, with $t_0{\approx }30\, \textrm {day}$ for luminous ($M_{\rm {Ni56}} \gtrsim 0.5\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$) SNe Ia, while the observed $t_0$ is in the range of $35{\!-\!}45\, \textrm {day}$. In this study, we apply our recently developed numerical scheme to calculate in 2D the impact of off-centre ignition in sub-Chandrasekhar mass CO WD, aiming to better emulate the behaviour expected in the DDM scenario. Our calculations of the $t_0{\!-\!}M_{\rm {Ni56}}$ relation, which do not require radiation transfer calculations, achieve convergence to within a few per cent with a numerical resolution of ${\sim }1\, \rm {km}$. We find that the results only slightly depend on the ignition location, mirroring the SCD model, and consequently, the discrepancy with the observed $t_0$–$M_{\rm {Ni56}}$ relation remains unresolved.
Adorno’s Legacy in Contemporary Political Theory
Authors: Kramer Sina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Adorno’s thought has been fruitful for contemporary political theory. This chapter offers an overview of the areas of greatest impact of Adorno’s thought on political theory. Adorno’s impact can be seen best in his commitment to negativity, in aesthetics, in the influence of his critique of the philosophy of history on decolonial theory, in feminist theory, and in the relationship between theory and practice. However, Adorno’s failure to subject psychoanalysis to a negative dialectical critique, as well as his failure to think the emergence of theory out of practice, limit the use of his thought to contemporary political theory. Instead, this indicates that his work must be adapted to political theoretical ends.
Planetary Challenges
Authors: Wright Christopher , Nyberg Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The extraction and consumption of fossil-fuel-based energy has underpinned the growth of global capitalism over the past two centuries, resulting in an industry dominated by some of the largest and most powerful companies in the world. However, the centrality of fossil energy to economic growth has also come at a huge environmental cost as escalating carbon emissions have generated a climate crisis that now threatens the future of organised human civilisation. This article explores the origins of the global fossil-fuel industry and its political response to the growing recognition of climate change and moves towards the decarbonization of economies. It highlights how the industry has engaged in various forms of political activity to defend itself from critique and delay the transition to a low-carbon economy. While this has been a successful strategy for over forty years, the article notes how the growing urgency of the climate crisis and the recent global pandemic pose fundamental threats to the continuation of fossil fuel expansion.
Crises and Conflicts
Authors: Zuiderhoek Arjan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with the twin potential calamities facing Greek cities throughout their history, the Roman period included: external existential threats (epidemics, food shortages, natural disasters) and internal conflicts. The focus is primarily on the kinds of threats the poleis faced, on the social, political, and institutional mechanisms they developed to deal with them, and on the ways in which the imperial authorities might become involved. First the poleis’ responses to existential threats such as epidemic diseases, food shortages, and natural calamities (earthquakes) are discussed. This is followed by an analysis of the reasons for their vulnerability to internal conflicts (stasis) and the measures they took to prevent these. It is argued that the participatory and inclusive political practices of the poleis, which continued into the Imperial period, provided them with a measure of resilience against external existential crises but at the same time made them vulnerable to internal conflicts.
Civic Coinage
Authors: Hostein Antony 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter underlines how our understanding of the Greek polis under Roman rule is continually being enriched by the study of civic coinage. It offers a survey of the methodological approaches and trends that characterize current research in numismatics, in a context of strong dynamism of the discipline thanks to digital humanities. After a short introduction, the first section presents definitions, chronological developments, and the general characteristics of civic coinage. The second section is dedicated to questions of authority, the representation of local elites, and the system of coin production. The third and fourth sections contain thematic discussions examining numismatic expressions of local pride and civic identities, on the one hand, and of city networks, on the other. The last section provides a brief synthesis of the economic function of civic coinage and its complex relationships to the imperial currency system.
Gymnasia and Baths
Authors: Bernini Julie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the evolution and adaptation of Greek gymnasia during Roman presence and domination. While their evolution can be inscribed into a continuous history prior to the establishment of Roman rule in the Greek world, recent research highlights important changes that began in the late 2nd century bc. They concern not only the form of the buildings but also their users (opening to foreigners, increasing elitism of the gymnasium groups such as the ephebate, liturgization of the gymnasiarchy), and thus their functions and usages. During the Imperial period, these buildings still played a substantial role in the cultic and public life of the poleis and remained central to local political life. Although they were still places of reference for athletic activities and paideia, they also became venues for the celebration of the memory of the cities, a memory both local elites and Roman rulers aspired to be part of.