bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of formalism on unethical decision making: The mediating effect of moral disengagement and moderating effect of moral attentiveness
Authors: Dong Rui , Lu Ting , Hu Qiaolong , Ni Shiguang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between formalism and unethical decision making among Chinese working adults. A total of 316 Chinese adult employees completed measures of ethical predispositions, unethical decision making, moral disengagement, and moral attentiveness. The results showed that formalism was related to a weaker propensity to morally disengage. Moral disengagement positively predicted unethical decision making and mediated the relationship between formalism and unethical decision making. Further, perceptual moral attentiveness negatively moderated the relationship between formalism and moral disengagement. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are presented.
Discoidin domain receptors orchestrate cancer progression: A focus on cancer therapies
Authors: Gao Yuan , Zhou Jiuli , Li Jin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDiscoidin domain receptors (DDR), including DDR1 and DDR2, are special types of the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily. DDR are activated by binding to the triple‐helical collagen and, in turn, DDR can activate signal transduction pathways that regulate cell‐collagen interactions involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes such as cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and cytokine secretion. Recently, DDR have been found to contribute to various diseases, including cancer. In addition, aberrant expressions of DDR have been reported in various human cancers, which indicates that DDR1 and DDR2 could be new targets for cancer treatment. Considerable effort has been made to design DDR inhibitors and several molecules have shown therapeutic effects in pre–clinical models. In this article, we review the recent literature on the role of DDR in cancer progression, the development status of DDR inhibitors, and the clinical potential of targeting DDR in cancer therapies.
Path‐based Monte Carlo Denoising Using a Three‐Scale Neural Network
Authors: Lin Weiheng , Wang Beibei , Yang Jian , Wang Lu , Yan Ling‐Qi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMonte Carlo rendering is widely used in the movie industry. Since it is costly to produce noise‐free results directly, Monte Carlo denoising is often applied as a post‐process. Recently, deep learning methods have been successfully leveraged in Monte Carlo denoising. They are able to produce high quality denoised results, even with very low sample rate, e.g. 4 spp (sample per pixel). However, for difficult scene configurations, some details could be blurred in the denoised results. In this paper, we aim at preserving more details from inputs rendered with low spp. We propose a novel denoising pipeline that handles three‐scale features ‐ pixel, sample and path ‐ to preserve sharp details, uses an improved Res2Net feature extractor to reduce the network parameters and a smooth feature attention mechanism to remove low‐frequency splotches. As a result, our method achieves higher denoising quality and preserves better details than the previous methods.
Urban sprawl into Natura 2000 network over Europe
Authors: Concepción Elena D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUrban growth is a major threat to biodiversity conservation at the global scale. Its impacts are expected to be especially detrimental when it sprawls into the landscape and reaches sites of high conservation value due to the species and ecosystems they host, such as protected areas. I analyzed the degree of urbanization (i.e., urban cover and growth rate) from 2006 to 2015 in protected sites in the Natura 2000 network, which, according to the Habitats and Birds Directives, harbor species and habitats of high conservation concern in Europe. I used data on the degree of land imperviousness from COPERNICUS to calculate and compare urban covers and growth rates inside and outside Natura 2000. I also analyzed the relationships of urban cover and growth rates with a set of characteristics of Natura sites. Urban cover inside Natura 2000 was 10 times lower than outside (0.4% vs. 4%) throughout the European Union. However, the rates of urban growth were slightly higher inside than outside Natura 2000 (4.8% vs. 3.9%), which indicates an incipient urban sprawl inside the network. In general, Natura sites affected most by urbanization were those surrounded by densely populated areas (i.e., urban clusters) that had a low number of species or habitats of conservation concern, albeit some member states had high urban cover or growth rate or both in protected sites with a large number of species or habitats of high conservation value. Small Natura sites had more urban cover than large sites, but urban growth rates were highest in large Natura sites. Natura 2000 is protected against urbanization to some extent, but there is room for improvement. Member states must enact stricter legal protection and control law enforcement to halt urban sprawl into protected areas under the greatest pressure from urban sprawl (i.e., close to urban clusters). Such actions are particularly needed in Natura sites with high urban cover and growth rates and areas where urbanization is affecting small Natura sites of high conservation value, which are especially vulnerable and concentrated in the Mediterranean region.
Predictive score for immediate extubation after liver transplantation
Authors: Suphathamwit Aphichat , Pongraweewan Orawan , Lakkam Samonporn , Tovikkai Chutwichai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionEvidence suggests that immediate extubation after liver transplantation provides graft and economic benefits without compromising patient outcomes. This study tried to determine the incidence of immediate extubation, demonstrate related factors, and develop a predictive model from the significant factors.MethodsThis retrospective descriptive study included 240 out of 271 liver transplantation patients in the hospital liver transplant registry between 2004 and 2016. Extubated and non‐extubated groups were statistically compared.ResultsThe incidence of immediate extubation was 32.1%. It was associated with a MELD score ≤ 25 (adjusted OR, 5.17; 95% CI, 1.64–16.24; p = .005); packed red cells (PRC) transfusion ≤1600 ml (adjusted OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.82–6.53; p < .001); and no requirement for post‐operative vasopressors (adjusted OR, 5.83; 95% CI, 2.30–14.77; p < .001). The immediate‐extubation group had fewer complications and shorter hospital stays. A Siriraj Liver transplant Extubation Score (SLES) of 5 yielded the best prediction of safe immediate extubation.ConclusionsAn incidence of 32.1% was found for immediate extubation following liver transplantation. Associated factors were a MELD score ≤ 25, a lower amount of transfused blood, and no requirement for post‐operative vasopressors. An SLES score of 5 predicted safe immediate extubation.
Major depression and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Liu Jian , Guo Zejun , Fan Meida , Liang Weihao , He Xin , Wu Dexi , Dong Yugang , Zhu Wengen , Liu Chen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveLimited data have been published concerning about depression in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Besides, among HFpEF patients with depression, the efficacy of antidepressants is poorly defined. Therefore, our current study was aimed to examine the relationship between major depression and clinical outcomes in HFpEF patients and further address the effects of antidepressants on prognosis in patients with major depression and HFpEF.MethodsA total of 1431 patients enrolled in the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial (TOPCAT) were divided into 2 groups according to the baseline depression status. Major depression was diagnosed if the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 score (PHQ‐9) ≥ 10. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models tested the association of major depression with outcomes and the effects of antidepressants among HFpEF patients with major depression during a follow‐up of 6 years.Results26.7% (382/1431) of patients were diagnosed with major depression. After multivariable adjustment, major depression at baseline was not significantly associated with cardiovascular outcomes (fully adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.95 [0.76‐1.18] for primary outcomes; aHR: 0.86 [0.67‐1.10] for HF hospitalization; aHR: 1.06 [0.91‐1.23] for any hospitalization; aHR: 1.00 [0.70‐1.43] for cardiovascular death; aHR: 1.24 [0.96‐1.61] for all‐cause death). Additionally, among HFpEF patients with major depression, the use of antidepressants was not associated with adverse events (P > .05 for all analyses).ConclusionsIn HFpEF patients, major depression at baseline did not increase mortality or rehospitalization. Additionally, treatment with antidepressants might not improve prognosis among HFpEF patients with major depression. Future studies are warranted to explore the effects of antidepressants on HFpEF patients with depression.
Difference in laminated mouthguard thickness according to the laminate order
Authors: Mizuhashi Fumi , Koide Kaoru , Watarai Yuko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground/AimMouthguard thickness should be maintained to prevent oral trauma by protecting the teeth and the surrounding soft tissue. The aim of this study was to examine the difference in laminated mouthguard thickness according to the laminate order.Materials and methodsThe mouthguard sheets used in this study were 2.0 mm and 3.0 mm ethylene‐vinyl acetate. The sheets were pressure‐formed using a pressure former, and the laminated mouthguard was fabricated. Two laminate conditions were examined. One condition used the 2.0‐mm sheet for the first layer and the 3.0‐mm sheet for the second layer (condition 2F3S) and the other condition used the 3.0‐mm sheet for the first layer and 2.0‐mm sheet for the second layer (condition 3F2S). The first layer was trimmed to cover the labial surface and incisal edge of the anterior teeth and the buccal and occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth. The second layer was formed over the first layer. The mouthguard thickness was measured at the labial surface of the central incisor and the buccal and occlusal surfaces of the first molar. Differences in thickness by measurement region of mouthguards formed under different laminate conditions were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance.ResultsThe mouthguard thickness was significantly different at the measured regions of the central incisors and the first molars (p < .01). The thickness at the labial surface of the central incisor and at the buccal and occlusal surfaces of the first molar became statistically significantly larger with the 3F2S condition than that for the 2F3S condition (p < .05 or p < .01).ConclusionsThe thickness of the laminated mouthguard became larger when the sheet thickness of the first layer was greater. It is recommended to use the thicker mouthguard sheet as the first layer when fabricating a laminated mouthguard.
Forest responses to last‐millennium hydroclimate variability are governed by spatial variations in ecosystem sensitivity
Authors: Rollinson Christine R. , Dawson Andria , Raiho Ann M. , Williams John W. , Dietze Michael C. , Hickler Thomas , Jackson Stephen T. , McLachlan Jason , JP Moore David , Poulter Benjamin , Quaife Tristan , Steinkamp Jörg , Trachsel Mathias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractForecasts of future forest change are governed by ecosystem sensitivity to climate change, but ecosystem model projections are under‐constrained by data at multidecadal and longer timescales. Here, we quantify ecosystem sensitivity to centennial‐scale hydroclimate variability, by comparing dendroclimatic and pollen‐inferred reconstructions of drought, forest composition and biomass for the last millennium with five ecosystem model simulations. In both observations and models, spatial patterns in ecosystem responses to hydroclimate variability are strongly governed by ecosystem sensitivity rather than climate exposure. Ecosystem sensitivity was higher in models than observations and highest in simpler models. Model‐data comparisons suggest that interactions among biodiversity, demography and ecophysiology processes dampen the sensitivity of forest composition and biomass to climate variability and change. Integrating ecosystem models with observations from timescales extending beyond the instrumental record can better understand and forecast the mechanisms regulating forest sensitivity to climate variability in a complex and changing world.
Differential effects of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on patients presenting to a neurological emergency room depending on their triage score in an area with low COVID‐19 incidence
Authors: Millán Margit , Nagel Simon , Gumbinger Christoph , Busetto Loraine , Purrucker Jan C. , Hametner Christian , Ringleb Peter A. , Mundiyanapurath Sibu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe analyzed the effects of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on neurologic emergencies, depending on the patients' triage score in a setting with relatively few COVID‐19 cases and without lack of resources.MethodsConsecutive patients of a tertiary care center with a dedicated neurologic emergency room (nER) were analyzed. The time period of the first lockdown in Germany (calendar weeks 12–17, 2020) was retrospectively compared to the corresponding period in 2019 regarding the number of patients presenting to the nER, the number of patients with specific triage scores (Heidelberg Neurological Triage Score), the number of patients with stroke, and the quality of stroke care.ResultsA total of 4330 patients were included. Fewer patients presented themselves in 2020 compared to 2019 (median [interquartile range] per week: 134 [118–143] vs. 187 [182–192]; p = 0.015). The median numbers of patients per week with triage 1 (emergent) and 4 (non‐urgent) were comparable (51 [43–58] vs. 59 [54–62]; p = 0.132, and 10 [4–16] vs. 16 [7–18]; p = 0.310, respectively).The median number of patients per week declined in categories 2 and 3 in 2020 (41 [37–45] vs. 57 [52–61]; p = 0.004, and 28 [23–35] vs. 61 [52–63]; p = 0.002, respectively. No change was observed in the absolute number of strokes (138 in 2019 and 141 in 2020). Quality metrics of stroke revascularization therapies (symptom‐to‐door time, door‐to‐needle time or relative number of therapies) and stroke severity remained constant.ConclusionDuring the lockdown period in 2020, the number of patients with emergent symptoms remained constant, while fewer patients with urgent symptoms presented to the nER. This may imply behavioral changes in care‐seeking behavior.
The geomagnetic field does not appear to influence navigation in Eastern painted turtles
Authors: Krochmal Aaron R. , Roth Timothy C. , Simmons Nathaniel T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGeomagnetic cues provide important information to guide aspects of migration, from the general direction of movement to informing an animal's specific location on the planet. Although such cues are used by many long‐distant migrants, its use for short‐ and moderate‐distance migrations is less clear. We have been studying overland migratory movements in a population of Eastern painted turtles where animals use one of four precise, highly predictable routes to locate water sources during migration. Our previous work suggests a strong role of learning and spatial memory in this precise navigation, but the cues used and the context for their use are unknown. Here, we present a series of controlled field experiments in which we test the hypothesis that geomagnetic cues are utilized when Chrysemys picta engage in these intricate, overland movements. We fitted turtles with 3,309 Gauss magnets (n = 10) or aluminum disk controls (n = 5) and surveyed their ability to locate and navigate their routes during migration; turtles were similarly tested for these abilities outside of the context of migration (magnets, n = 30; control, n = 30). Strong magnets (3,309 Gauss) on their carapaces did not disrupt turtles’ ability to locate the paths or the precision with which they navigated them. Turtles, irrespective of treatment, found their paths and/or navigated their paths with the same high precision that we observed in controls and our previous work, both within and outside of the context of migration. Thus, alternative types of cues must be in use that explain the high precision and high reliability of path location over time. Future studies should examine alternative cues used in migratory navigation and the creation of complex and specific paths.
The impact of land finance on urban land use efficiency: A panel threshold model for Chinese provinces
Authors: Wang Peng , Shao Zinan , Wang Jian , Wu Qun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe improvement of urban land use efficiency has become the main goal for developing countries in response to rapid urbanization. This paper explores the impact of land finance on urban land use efficiency (ULUE) on the provincial level using land conveyance fee and land‐related tax data from China between 2004 and 2016. First, a super‐efficiency data envelopment analysis model was applied to measure ULUE. The results showed that ULUE was highest in eastern China, followed by central China, and ULUE was lowest in western China. Then, a provincial panel threshold model was built for an empirical analysis. In particular, a double threshold was identified in the relationship between the land conveyance fee and ULUE. A significant positive effect on ULUE was found when the percentage of the new construction land supply quantity remained below 0.401. However, this effect became negative when the percentage of threshold variables exceeded 0.842. Moreover, land‐related tax was found to exert significant negative effects on ULUE when the percentage of the new construction land supply quantity remained below 0.842. Insignificant positive effects were found when the percentage exceeded this level. The empirical results suggested that the relationship between land finance and ULUE is nonlinear; excessive land finance will negatively impact ULUE.
Dynamic string‐averaging CQ‐methods for the split feasibility problem with percentage violation constraints arising in radiation therapy treatment planning
Authors: Brooke Mark , Censor Yair , Gibali Aviv 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study a feasibility‐seeking problem with percentage violation constraints (PVCs). These are additional constraints that are appended to an existing family of constraints, which single out certain subsets of the existing constraints and declare that up to a specified fraction of the number of constraints in each subset is allowed to be violated by up to a specified percentage of the existing bounds. Our motivation to investigate problems with PVCs comes from the field of radiation therapy treatment planning (RTTP) wherein the fully discretized inverse planning problem is formulated as a split feasibility problem and the PVCs give rise to nonconvex constraints. Following the CQ algorithm of Byrne (2002, Inverse Problems, Vol. 18, pp. 441–53), we develop a string‐averaging CQ‐method that uses only projections onto the individual sets that are half‐spaces represented by linear inequalities. The question of extending our theoretical results to the nonconvex sets case is still open. We describe how our results apply to RTTP and provide a numerical example.
Weather and landscape influences on pollinator visitation of flowering winter oilseeds (field pennycress and winter camelina)
Authors: Forcella Frank , Patel Swetabh , Lenssen Andrew W. , Hoerning Cody , Wells M. Scott , Gesch Russ W. , Berti Marisol T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFlowers of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvsense L.) and winter camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.) produce abundant pollen and nectar in early spring and thereby may be valuable for pollinators. Insects observed in field plots of these flowers were classified into seven easily identifiable groups (bumblebee, honeybee, solitary bee, butterfly/moth, beetle, fly and other) and monitored for 2 years at three sites in the Upper Midwest region of the USA. Average seasonal observations across years and sites varied from 1.6 to 5.3 total insects/min for field pennycress and 1.4 to 4.5 insects/min for winter camelina. Lowest visitation rates occurred in central Iowa and highest rates in south‐eastern Minnesota for both crops. Multiple regressions showed that visitation rates for specific insect groups were correlated poorly but significantly (p < .10) with select variables. For example, in field pennycress, visitation by combined bumblebees and honeybees (Apidae) increased with greater air temperature at sampling time and annual site precipitation, whereas fly (Diptera) visitation was related to sampling date and flower cover. Similarly, in winter camelina, solitary bees were linked to increasing air temperature at sampling time and annual site precipitation, whereas flies were correlated with wind speed and flower cover at sampling. Field pennycress and winter camelina are reliably attractive to beneficial pollinating insects across a wide geographic region, but visitation rates and proportional representation of various insect groups depended on a range of site and weather characteristics.
Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy in functional dyspepsia: A pilot randomized trial
Authors: Teh Kevin Kim‐Jun , Ng Yi‐Kang , Doshi Kinjal , Tay Shu‐Wen , Hao Ying , Ang Lui‐Yee , Foong Henry Lew‐Yuen , Ong Andrew Ming‐Liang , Siah Kewin Tien‐Ho , Chan Webber Pak‐Wo , Ong Wai‐Choung , Mesenas Steven Joseph , Lim Chee‐Hooi , Wang Yu‐Tien 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with functional dyspepsia (FD) often have concomitant anxiety and depression. Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT) combines the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness. It is a group‐based therapy and has been shown to be efficacious in functional gastrointestinal disorders. There are no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating MBCT in FD. We aimed to evaluate feasibility and efficacy of MBCT in FD management.MethodsWe performed a mixed‐method single‐center pilot randomized trial of 28 patients fulfilling ROME‐III criteria for FD. Fifteen patients were randomized to an 8‐week MBCT program while 13 underwent treatment‐as‐usual (TAU). Patients completed questionnaires at baseline and at week 8. Two focus‐groups were conducted. Feasibility of recruitment, acceptability of randomization, procedures and intervention, handout compliance and feasibility of quantitative measures were assessed. The primary outcome was subjective‐clinical‐assessment of FD symptoms (SCA‐FD). Secondary outcome measures included Short‐form Nepean Dyspepsia Index (SF‐NDI), subjective‐clinical‐assessment of general health (SCA‐GH), EuroQoL‐Visual Analog Scale (EuroQoL‐VAS), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale–21 Items (DASS‐21).ResultsTwelve of 15 patients in the MBCT group completed the program. There was a trend towards symptom improvement, with 90% in the MBCT group reporting improvement in SCA‐FD compared with 45% in TAU(P = 0.063). Patients who underwent MBCT reported greater improvement in SF‐NDI (mean change: −8.8 (SD: 7.5) vs −0.7 (7.2), P = 0.018) and DASS‐21 (−19.8 (29.5) vs −5.5 (6.6) P = 0.13) compared with TAU. There was no difference in SCA‐GH and EuroQoL‐VAS. Based on SCA‐FD improvement, the eventual RCT will require 50 patients (25 in each group).ConclusionsMindfulness‐based cognitive therapy is likely efficacious for FD, and it would be feasible to conduct a RCT.