bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Waste: Behavioral Intent of INDIAN Consumer’s. Yield of Food Security
Authors: nayyar varun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This current research analyzed data on the pretext of food waste, being initiated intentionally or unintentionally by Indian consumers that included sample of consumers being segmented all the way through gender, household size, professional qualification, e-commerce benefit and age. Data was collected from 744 respondents (342 males & 402 females) through well drafted questionnaire and proportional odd regression model was used to rate the different phases of consumer food choices according to their usage and wastage. This model drafted relationship among the covariates (acquisition, storage & preparation) phases and their succeeding impact on food waste. At every phase, the influences of the previous phase on the current modeled phase was evaluated to caliber the impact of explanatory variables (socio-economic factors of consumers of developing nation India) on food waste by using proportional odd regression model analysis, which also tried to uncover the major drivers for food waste. It was evident from the findings that every phase with (categorized socio-economic variables) emphasized in revealing positive relationship of variables in lowering the frequency of food waste among consumers. On the contrary it has also been apparent that gender having e-commerce benefits seems to have elevated blend for food waste. For corporate these research outcomes can be outlined on specific food brands rather than on common food items to hasten their manufacturing and meeting the significant supply and demand of the market.
Time to Appropriate Antibiotic Therapy is&nbsp;an Independent Indicator of Poor Outcome&nbsp;in Children with Nosocomial Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Cheng Jie , Li Qinyuan , Zhang Guangli , Xu Huiting , Li Yuanyuan , Tian Xiaoyin , Chen Dapeng , Luo Zhengxiu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of time to appropriate therapy (TTAT) on outcomes in children with nosocomial K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection, and to find an optimal time window for empiric antibiotics administration. Methods: Children with nosocomial K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection hospitalized in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from April 2014 to December 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. TTAT cutoff point and risk factors were determined and analyzed by Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis and Logistic Regression analysis. Results: Overall, sixty-seven patients were enrolled. The incidence of septic shock and mortality was 17.91% (12/67) and 13.43% (9/67), respectively. The CART-derived TTAT cutoff point was 10.7 hours. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated delayed therapy (TTAT ≥ 10.7 h), PRISM III scores ≥ 10, early TTP (TTP ≤ 13 h), and need for invasive mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors of septic shock (OR 9.87, 95% CI 1.46-66.59, P = 0.019; OR 9.69, 95% CI 1.15-81.39, P = 0.036; OR 8.28, 95% CI 1.37-50.10, P = 0.021; OR 6.52, 95% CI 1.08-39.51, P = 0.042; respectively) and in-hospital mortality (OR 22.19, 95% CI 1.25-393.94, P = 0.035; OR 40.06, 95% CI 2.32-691.35, P = 0.011; OR 22.60, 95% CI 1.78-287.27, P = 0.016; OR 12.21, 95% CI 1.06-140.67, P = 0.045; respectively). Conclusions: TTAT is an independent predictor of poor outcome in children with nosocomial K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection. Initial appropriate antibiotic therapy should begin within 10.7 hours from the onset of bloodstream infection.
Inhibition of KIF20A by Transcription Factor IRF6 Affects the Progression of Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ma Xinwei , Wang Xiaoqi , Dong Qian , Pang Hongquan , Xu Jianming , Shen Junkang , Zhu Jianbing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and its incidence is increasing year by year. IRF6 plays an important role in the occurrence of tumors, but the expression of IRF6 in ccRCC has not been reported so far.Methods: The expression of IRF6 and KIF20A in ccRCC was predicted by GEPIA and HAP database. In addition, the GEPIA database predicted the relationship between the expression of IRF6 and KIF20A and the pathological staging, overall survival, and disease-free survival of ccRCC. The possible binding sites of IRF6 and KIF20A promoters were predicted by JASPAR database and verified by luciferase and ChIP experiments. The specific effects of IRF6 on proliferation invasion and apoptosis of ccRCC were subsequently examined at the cellular level. The expression of IRF6 and KIF20A in ccRCC cell lines was detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. Cell transfection techniques were used to construct IRF6 and KIF20A overexpressed or interfering plasmids. CCK-8 and clone formation assays were used to detect cell activity. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Wound healing and Transwell assays detected the ability of cell migration and invasion, respectively.Results: The database predicted that IRF6 expression was down-regulated in renal carcinoma tissues and correlated with poor prognosis. Cell experiments showed that overexpression of IRF6 inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration of ccRCC. In addition, the database predicted that KIF20A was up-regulated in renal carcinoma tissues and associated with prognosis, and cell experiments demonstrated that interference with KIF20A inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration of ccRCC. Finally, we confirmed that KIF20A is a functional target of IRF6, and KIF20A partially reverses the effects of IRF6 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of ccRCC.Conclusion: Inhibition of KIF20A by transcription factor IRF6 affects the cell proliferation, invasion, migration of renal clear cell carcinoma.
Migraine patients in Germany - Need for Medical Recognition and New Preventive Treatments: Results from the PANORAMA Survey
Authors: Koch Mirja , Katsarava Zsazsa , Baufeld Caroline , Schuh Katrin , Gendolla Astrid , Straube Andreas , Pannwitz Wolfram von , Hofmann Werner E. , Ortler Sonja 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent attacks that may have a significant impact on patients’ daily life. Treatment options must often be re-evaluated in light of efficacy, tolerability and compliance issues. Few data on commonly applied treatment algorithms and treatment failures have existed in Germany in 2017/2018. The PANORAMA survey was designed to explore and characterize the migraine healthcare landscape and to demonstrate the medical treatment need at that time in Germany.Methods: Three different questionnaires were used to assess the profile of the 119 participating centers, characterize migraine patients at centers and evaluate qualitative aspects of the current migraine healthcare situation from a physician´s professional perspective. Data were analyzed as observed and summarized by descriptive statistics.Results: The results demonstrate that once referred to a migraine specialist, the majority of patients continue to be treated at a specialist. At specialized centers, 41.6% of migraine patients receive prophylactic treatment. 45.4% of prophylactic treatments are initiated with a beta-blocker and 28.1% with an anti-epileptic. Pivotal factors to initiate prophylactic treatment are migraine attack frequency and intensity (58.0%). Treatment decisions are largely based on prior / concomitant diseases and physical constitution of the patient (52.1%). Following an inadequate treatment, most patients either switch substance class or discontinue prophylactic treatment. Conclusions: PANORAMA gives a comprehensive overview of the migraine healthcare landscape in Germany in 2017/2018, elucidates a lack of common treatment algorithms and reveals a high demand for defined therapy strategies and new prophylactic treatment going forwards.
Changes in Gut Viral and Bacterial Species Correlate with Altered 1,2-Diacylglyceride Levels and Structure in the Prefrontal Cortex in a Non-Human Primate Model of Depression.
Authors: Wu Jing , Chai Tingjia , Zhang Hanping , Huang Yu , Perry Seth W , Li Yifan , Duan Jiajia , Tan Xunmin , Hu Xi , Liu Yiyun , Pu Juncai , Wang Haiyang , Jin Xin , Song Jinlin , Ji Ping , Zheng Peng , Xie Peng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mental disease, but its underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Gut microbiome can modulate brain function and behaviors through the microbiota-gut–brain (MGB) axis in depression. Our previously established non-human primate model of naturally occurring depression-like behaviors, which is characterized by MGB axis disturbances, can be used to interrogate how a disturbed gut ecosystem may modulate the MDD onset. To better clarify the molecular interrelationships and downstream functional consequences in the MGB axis on MDD pathology, here, gut metagenomics were used to characterize how gut virus and bacterial species, and associated metabolites, change in depressive monkey model.Results: We identified a panel of 33 gut virus and 14 bacterial species that could discriminate the depression-like (DL) from control M. fascicularis. In addition, using lipidomic analyses of central and peripheral samples obtained from these animals, we found that the DL macaque were characterized by alterations in the relative abundance, carbon-chain length, and unsaturation degree of 1,2-diacylglyceride (DG) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), in a brain region-specific manner. In addition, lipid-reaction analysis identified more active and inactive lipid pathways in PFC than in amygdala or hippocampus, with DG being a key nodal player in these lipid pathways. Significantly, co-occurrence network analysis showed that altered gut viral and bacterial species, and their interaction may be relevant to the onset of negative emotions behaviors by modulating the DG levels in PFC in the depressive macaque. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that altered gut virus and bacteria as well as DG levels and structure in the PFC are hallmarks of the DL macaque, thus providing a new framework for understanding the gut microbiome's role in depression.
Challenges in Providing Surgical Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study Among Operating Department Practitioners in Pakistan
Authors: Jafree Sara Rizvi , Momina Ain ul , Malik Nudra , Naqi Syed Ashgar , Fischer Florian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Operating Department Practitioners (ODPs) are neglected human resources for health with regard to both professional development and research for patient safety. The surgical theatre is associated with the highest mortality rates and with the onslaught of the COVID-19 pandemic. ODPs are key practitioners with respect to infection control during surgeries. Therefore, this study aims to describe challenges faced by ODPs. The secondary aim is to use empirical evidence to inform the public health sector management about both ODP professional development and improvement in surgical procedures, with a specific focus on pandemics.Methods: A qualitative study has been conducted. Data collection was based on an interview guide with open-ended questions. Interviews with 39 ODPs in public sector teaching hospitals of Pakistan who have been working during the COVID-19 pandemic were part of the analysis. Content analysis was used to generate themes.Results: Ten themes related to challenges faced by ODPs in delivering services during the pandemic for securing patient safety were identified: (i) Disparity in training for prevention of COVID-19; (ii) Shortcomings in COVID-19 testing; (iii) Supply shortages of personal protective equipment; (iv) Challenges in maintaining physical distance and prevention protocols; (v) Human resource shortages and role burden; (vi) Problems with hospital administration; (vii) Exclusion and hierarchy; (viii) Teamwork limitations and other communication issues; (ix) Error Management; and (x) Anxiety and fear. Conclusions: The public health sector, in Pakistan and other developing regions, need to invest in the professional development of ODPs and improve resources and structures for surgical procedures, during pandemics and otherwise.
N2O Fluxes and Related Processes of Denitrification in Acidified Soil
Authors: Zheng Qian , Ding Junjun , Li Qiaozhen , Xu Chunying , Lin Wei , Zhuang Shan , Kou Xinyue , Li Yuzhong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In North China, high levels of N fertilizer and irrigation water are used in fields, which cause considerable N2O fluxes via several pathways, especially anaerobic denitrification. Anaerobic denitrification is regarded as an important microbial process for N2O production in soils with a low O2 level and high N and labile C availability (the typical soil conditions caused by high levels of N fertilizer and irrigation water in the field). We conducted an anaerobic incubation experiment to determine the impact of soil acidification (with a series of soil pH levels, pH 6.2, pH 7.1, and pH 8.7) on N2O source partitioning with the addition of KNO3 and glucose. Natural abundance isotope techniques and gas inhibitor technique were applied to analyze the N2O flux derived from fungal denitrification and bacterial denitrification and its isotopocule characteristics emitted from soils after the addition of NO- 3 and glucose. A mapping approach was used to obtain further insight into the N2O production processes. Our findings confirmed that soil pH strongly controlled the N2O production and reduction rates of denitrification. Soil acidification significantly increased N2O emissions varied from 0.76 mg N kg-1 for natural soil (pH 8.7), to 1.88 mg N kg-1 for pH 7.1, and to 2.35 mg N kg-1 for pH 6.2, and had a blockage effect on the reduction of N2O to N2. The addition of carbon sources promoted complete denitrification. We assumed a higher contribution of fungal denitrification to N2O production compared to total N2O emission associated with acidified soil. A promotion of the contribution of fungal denitrification-derived N2O was indeed observed with decreasing pH, increasing from 0.28 mg N kg-1 for pH 8.7 to 0.94 mg N kg-1 for pH 6.2. The addition of glucose further increased the contribution of fungal denitrification to N2O production from 0.99 mg N kg-1 for pH 8.7 to 3.66 mg N kg-1 for pH 6.2. The mapping approach provided rational results for correcting N2O reduction compared with the acetylene inhibition method. The results calculated by both methods indicated a reasonably large contribution of fungal denitrification to total N2O production in acidified soils.
Rare, Fatal Pulmonary Fat Embolism after Acupuncture Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Xu Luyao , Tan Xiaohui , Chen Xuebing , Du Sihao , Yue Xia , Qiao Dongfang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: In the clinic, death from nontraumatic pulmonary fat embolism associated with minor soft tissue contusion, surgery, cancer chemotherapy, hematologic disorders and so on has been reported. Patients often present with atypical manifestations and rapid deterioration, making diagnosis and treatment difficult. However, there are no reported cases of death from pulmonary fat embolism after acupuncture therapy. This case aims to emphasize that awareness of nontraumatic pulmonary fat embolism as a complication of acupuncture therapy needs to be improved. In addition, it suggests that in such cases, autopsy should be used to identify the source of fat emboli. Case presentation: The patient, a 72-year-old woman, experienced symptoms of dizziness and fatigue after silver-needle acupuncture therapy. She experienced a significant drop in blood pressure and died 2 hours later despite treatment and resuscitation. A systematic autopsy and histopathology examination (H&E and Sudan Ⅲ staining) were performed. More than 30 pinholes were observed on the surface of the lower back. Focal hemorrhages were seen surrounding the pinholes in the subcutaneous fatty tissue. Microscopically, numerous fat emboli were observed in the interstitial pulmonary artery and a large number of alveolar wall capillaries, in addition to the vessels of the heart, liver, spleen and thyroid gland. The lungs showed congestion and edema. However, the cause of death was identified as pulmonary fat embolism. Conclusion: This article suggests that high vigilance for risk factors and the complication of pulmonary fat embolism following silver-needle acupuncture therapy should be exercised. In postmortem examinations, examining the peripheral arterial system and the venous system draining from noninjured sites for the formation of fat emboli is helpful to differentiate posttraumatic and nontraumatic pulmonary fat embolism.
Association Between Obesity and Blood Pressure in Common Korean People
Authors: Kang Nam Lyong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to the investigate association of high blood pressure (BP) and wide pulse pressure (PP) with obesity among common Korean people. Method This study analyzed data from the Seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017). The associations of BP with body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHT2R) were investigated using their lump mean values.Results The BPs of males and females increased with BMI, the PP of females increased with BMI and then decreased, and the PP of males is nearly independent of BMI. The BPs of males and females increased to their maximum values with WHT2R and then decreased. The PPs of males and females increased with WHT2R.Conclusions BMI can be used as a useful predictor for high BP, and WHT2R can be used as a useful predictor for wide PP.
The Protection Effect of Ulinastatin on Freshwater Instillation-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rabbits
Authors: Xi Shaosong , Huan Le , Wu Hongyan , Zhu Ying , Hu Wei , Lin Zhaofen , Diao Mengyuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Drowning is an important cause of accidental death in humans. The main cause of death following drowning is pulmonary oedema or lung injury, eventually leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The present study aimed to determine the protective effects of Ulinastatin on freshwater-induced acute drowning lung injury. Methods: Rabbits were randomly divided into a control, freshwater, freshwater + small-dose Ulinastatin, freshwater + medium-dose Ulinastatin, freshwater + large-dose Ulinastatin group. The arterial blood gas analysis was performed before modelling (baseline) and at various time points after freshwater instillation. And then, the wet-to-dry weight ratio lung permeability index were measured to detect the effect of Ulinastatin on lung endothelial permeability. Furthermore, histopathological staining and ELISAs were used to analyse the histological changes and inflammatory cytokines expression resulted from lung injury, respectively. Western blotting and Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to measure the protein and mRNA levels of Hypoxia inducible factor-lα (HIF-1α)/ Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the lung tissues. Results: By inhibiting the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway, treatment with Ulinastatin at a large dose could markedly attenuate changes in the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F), lung endothelial permeability, histopathology, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by freshwater instillation. Conclusion: Ulinastatin is a potential candidate treatment for freshwater drowning-induced acute lung injury that targets the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway.
Recombinant Adiponectin Peptide Ameliorates Cortical Neuron Damage Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling and Regulating Microglial Polarization
Authors: Huang li'an , Li Wenxian , Wei Di , Zhu Zheng , Zhan Shuqin , Zhang Ru , Wang Huqing , Zhang Guilian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is common in multiple central nervous system diseases that are associated with neuronal death and cognitive impairment. Microglial activation-mediated polarization changes may be involved in CCH-induced neuronal damage. Adiponectin (APN) is a fat-derived plasma protein that affects neuroprotection. This study investigated whether a recombinant APN peptide (APN-P) improved the cognitive function of CCH rats by regulating microglial polarization in the cortex. Methods A CCH rat model was established through bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) surgery. An antibody microarray was used to analyze differentially expressed proteins in the cerebral cortex of CCH rats compared to the sham rats. APN-P and a solvent control were used to intervene at different time points. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to examine the status of microglial polarization in different treatment groups. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes. Neuronal morphology was assessed via Nissl staining, and cognitive function was assessed with the Morris water maze test. In vitro , by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB in BV2 microglia and using Transwell co-culture systems of BV2 microglia and neurons, the effects of APN-P on neuroprotection and the underlying mechanism were investigated. Results In the cortical microglia of 12-week-old CCH rats, the expression of APN protein was significantly downregulated compared to the sham rats. CCH damages neurons and activates cortical microglial polarization to an M1-type by upregulating inflammatory factors. APN-P supplementation upregulated APN expression in cortical microglia, with neuronal survival as well as microglial polarization from an M1 toward an M2 phenotype in CCH cortex. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that APN-P promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and neuronal survival by inhibiting NF-κB signaling, thus improving the cognitive function in CCH rats. Conclusions Our study revealed a novel mechanism by which APN-P suppresses the NF-κB pathway and promotes microglial polarization from M1 toward the M2-type to reduce neuron damage in the cortex after CCH.