bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maritime Archaeology and Capacity Development in the Global South
Authors: Blue Lucy , Breen Colin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Honor Frost Foundation sponsored a session, ‘Maritime Archaeology, Capacity Building and Training in the Developing World’ at the Sixth International Congress on Underwater Archaeology (IKUWA VI) held in Freemantle, Australia, in November 2016, dedicated to capacity development in the context of maritime archaeology. The papers presented in this special issue of this journal represent an attempt to understand different approaches to capacity building and development within the sphere of maritime cultural heritage. This paper, by way of an introduction to the subject, and this special issue, aims to explore the nature of capacity building and development in relation to maritime cultural heritage.
Quantitative trait locus for resistance to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is not linked with a genomic region for gramine concentration
Authors: Macaulay Malcolm , Ramsay Luke , Åhman Inger 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGramine is an indole alkaloid found in certain grass species. Results of previous studies have diverged as to whether this compound might cause resistance to aphids or not. In a breeding program aiming to introduce resistance to the cereal pestRhopalosiphum padiL. in barley, a cultivar has been crossed with the progenitor of cultivated barley,Hordeum vulgaressp.spontaneum,and an F1-derived population of doubled haploid (DH) lines was screened both for seedling gramine concentration and resistance toR. padi. The resistance was measured as individual aphid growth in the laboratory. The present study aims to determine if there is a genetic relationship between aphid growth retardation and gramine concentration. To do so, the lines were genotyped with a 384 SNP oligonucleotide pool assay and QTL analyses were performed for both traits. A previously identified aphid resistance locus on the distal part of chromosome 2HS was thereby confirmed, with resistance inherited fromH. v.ssp.spontaneum, whereas one or more QTL for gramine concentration were potentially indicated on chromosome 3H, thus corroborating that the two traits are not linked genetically.
Major Advances and Discoveries in Diabetes - 2019 in Review
Authors: Zierath Juleen R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
This review is based on a recent invited lecture at the American Diabetes Association’s 79th annual Scientific Sessions entitled “Major Advances and Discoveries in Diabetes - The Year in Review.”

Recent Findings
Here I provide a written account of my presentation entitled “Major Discoveries in Diabetes over the Past Year.” I highlight several recent advances in basic science that are relevant for the diabetes field, with insight into how the key takeaways impact basic science. I also speculate on how these breakthroughs challenge the field to move the basic science “discovery” into the clinic, as well as offering a perspective on unanswered questions in relation to these advances.

Summary
The review should in no way be taken as an endorsement of the highlighted work or a denunciation of any work not selected. Rather, it is a personal reflection that provides a glimpse into what is on the horizon in this rapidly evolving and exciting field!
Metals and Metalloids Release from Orthodontic Elastomeric and Stainless Steel Ligatures: In Vitro Risk Assessment of Human Exposure
Authors: Olszewska Aneta , Hanć Anetta , Barałkiewicz Danuta , Rzymski Piotr 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Elastomeric ligatures are increasingly used as a part of esthetic orthodontic treatment, particularly in children. The aim of the present study was to experimentally test whether these appliances may contribute to exposure to toxic elements. In the present study, elastomeric ligatures (ELs) were incubated in artificial human saliva for 1 month (a typical period of their use) and the release of 21 metals (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Tl, Ti, Sb, Sr, Sn, Zn, U, V) and 2 metalloids (As and Ge) was studied using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. For comparison, stainless steel ligatures (SLs) were incubated for 1, 3, and 6 months (since sometimes their use is prolonged) under similar conditions. The determined metal levels were compared to the corresponding safety limits for human exposure. During 1 month, the ELs released Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Sn at total mean ± SD level of 0.31 ± 0.09, 0.98 ± 0.30, 3.96 ± 1.31, 14.7 ± 8.5, 13.8 ± 4.8, and 49.5 ± 27.7 μg, respectively. Other elements were always below the detection limits. In case of SL, the release of Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Mn, and Sn was observed, and the determined values increased over the studied period. After 6 months, their total mean ± SD levels amounted to 28.6 ± 0.2, 21.7 ± 0.2, 623.5 ± 3.0, 1152.7 ± 1.8, 5.5 ± 0.3, and 22.6 ± 0.2 μg, respectively. The released metal levels from both ligature types were always below safety limits. The release of Ni from SL during 6 months would constitute 5.0 and 11.5% of tolerable intake in adults and children, respectively. The results of this in vitro study highlight that the use of ligatures in orthodontic treatment can be considered safe in terms of metal exposure although elastic ligatures replaced on a monthly basis appear to be advantageous in comparison to the prolonged use of stainless steel appliances.
Numerical modeling and assessment of natural gas pipeline separation in China: the data from Henan Province
Authors: Xiao Jian-zhong , Kong Wei-cheng , Wang Xiao-lin , Li Ming 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
China’s natural gas market is focusing on price reform and aims to reconstruct vertically integrated industrial chains in the future. Based on the mixed complementarity problem model of gas markets with nodes in Henan Province, China, as an example, this paper applies numerical modeling to simulate the effects of social welfare and equilibrium prices on nodes in two scenarios: pipeline integration and pipeline separation. The findings reveal the following: (1) Pipeline separation yields greater overall social welfare than pipeline integration, with the welfare shifting from gas producers to consumption markets. (2) Pipeline separation lowers the equilibrium consumption prices by driving competition among gas supply sources. (3) Pipeline separation will increase the contribution of natural gas to primary energy.
Assessing the intestinal carriage rates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) at a tertiary care hospital in Hungary
Authors: Franyó Dorottya , Kocsi Balázs , Bukta Evelin Erzsébet , Szabó Judit , Dombrádi Zsuzsanna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Excessive use of antibiotics contributes to the selection of resistant bacteria and intestinal colonization with multiresistant pathogens poses a risk factor for subsequent infections. The present study assessed vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) carriage rates in patients admitted to our tertiary care hospital. Stool samples sent for routine culturing were screened with vancomycin containing solid or broth enrichment media. VRE isolates were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and antibiotic susceptibilities were tested by E-test. Vancomycin resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Medical records of carriers were examined for suspected risk factors for colonization. Altogether 3025 stool specimens were analyzed. Solid media identified a VRE carriage rate of 2.2% while broth enrichment detected 5.8%. Seventy percent of the isolates were Enterococcus faecium. VanB genotype was detected in 38.2%, VanA in 37.3%, VanC1 in 22.6%, and VanC2 in 1.9%. All VRE were sensitive to linezolid, daptomycin, and tigecycline. Collective risk factors for carriage were diabetes, normal flora absence, Clostridioides difficile positivity, longer hospital stay, and advanced age. 78.5% of the carriers received antibiotic therapy which was metronidazole in most cases (47.3%). We recommend regular screening of risk groups such as patients with diabetes, history of recent hospitalization, or former C. difficile infection as an imperative step for preventing VRE dissemination.
Effect of alkali on alkali–surfactant flooding in an Upper Assam oil field
Authors: Hazarika Kalpajit , Gogoi Subrata Borgohain 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effect of alkali on immiscible alkali–surfactant (AS) flooding is studied by injecting surfactant individually and surfactant along with alkali. First, reservoir core samples were characterized with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thin slide analysis. Based on the clay content of the reservoir, surfactant was selected. Second, AS formulations were designed through dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability alteration analysis. Third, adsorption of surfactant on porous media was studied with or without alkali to find out the amount of surfactant adsorbed along with the isotherm mechanism. Fourth, core flooding experiments were conducted to find out the recovery efficiency after secondary brine flooding. XRD, SEM and thin slide analysis showed the presence of kaolinite, smectite, illite, silica, quartz in the rock sample. Based on the clay types, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was selected as surfactant for this study. Ultra-low dynamic IFT in the range of 10−3 was observed with SDS. Addition of alkali further reduced the IFT of the system. Initially, wettability of the reservoir under study was toward water wet, but during AS flooding it was altered to strongly water wet. Adsorption of surfactant on the porous media was reduced by the application of alkali. During secondary brine flooding, maximum recovery was found to be 49% of Initial Oil in Place. Another 14% of residual oil after secondary flooding was achieved by AS flooding.
Teenage mothers in later life: Time for a second look
Authors: Ellis‐Sloan Kyla 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionTeenage motherhood is understood as a social problem by governments and in the public imagination. This is underpinned by studies linking teenage motherhood to a range of poor outcomes. This paper brings together key issues with measuring outcomes of teenage motherhood. It argues that to account for long‐term change as well as an understanding of what drives, facilitates and impedes development, longitudinal qualitative methodology is needed.MethodsA narrative review of qualitative longitudinal studies of teenage motherhood was conducted with six studies meeting the inclusion criteria; (a) data collection at more than one point; (b) at least two points occurring after childbirthResultsThe search demonstrated the insights that these methods can bring to the field. Such studies demonstrate the ways in which pre and post pregnancy contexts impact on attainment and experiences. They are able to present a complex and nuanced picture to contextualise the claims made in the quantitative literature. Furthermore, they provide voice to young mothers so they can narrate their own lives and make clear what is important to them.ConclusionThe paper argues that we need to work towards telling a more nuanced story of teenage motherhood by sensitising statistical work with qualitative studies. Moreover, research with teenage parents needs to take a longitudinal approach which accounts for change across the lifespan. Combining these approaches would enhance our understanding of outcomes as well as provide us with the means by which to better support young parents in the long‐term.
A Wavelet Analysis of Price Integration in Major Agricultural Markets
Authors: Nigatu Getachew , Adjemian Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract:We use linear time series and wavelets approach to study the relationships between U.S. and international prices for corn, soybeans, and cotton. We then compare results obtained with each approach and verify that structural breaks discovered with wavelet analysis match those produced with subsequent partial-period cointegration analysis. We find little evidence that short-term fluctuations between domestic and international prices are stable, while long-term relationships for many price pairs experience distinct structural breaks. We further find that even though China is among the largest importers of U.S. agricultural products, its commodity prices share little or no relationship with those prevailing in U.S. markets.
Constitutional Pluralism's Unspoken Normative Core
Authors: LAWRENCE Jessica C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article argues that discourses of constitutional pluralism contain a strong normative core which is made up of a series of largely unacknowledged implicit claims about legitimacy and community. This argument is illustrated by reference to various constitutional pluralist responses to the Hungarian Constitutional Court's ruling concerning the protection of constitutional identity in the context of EU asylum and refugee protection law and policy, demonstrating that whether this decision falls ‘inside’ or ‘outside’ constitutional pluralist tolerance depends on how the observer defines the minimum amount of shared substantive or procedural content that is fundamental to the EU order.
Emergency Medical Services Providers’ Experiences and Attitudes Toward Infection Prevention and Control Measures in Saudi Arabia: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Khan Anas A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectives:This study explores the experiences and practices of emergency medical services (EMS) providers, as well as the motivations that underpin perceptions toward standard infection prevention and control (IPC). The current literature suggests that EMS providers have a low compliance level with preventive measures, with misperceptions about risks and self-justification of personal skills reported.Methods:The study used qualitative methods and conducted 2 distinct focus group discussions and 20 in-depth interviews with both prehospital and inter-facility EMS providers. Data were thematically analyzed using the Framework approach.Results:The participants considered respiratory infections the most significant nosocomial risks. Lack of full disclosure of medical history to EMS providers was considered a significant threat. Beliefs about low effectiveness and harmful effects of the influenza vaccine, as well as low perceptions of influenza risks, were common. While apparent misperceptions contributed largely to the inappropriate use of preventive measures, the reliance on intuition and individual experiences was attributed to the inaccessibility of appropriate guidelines, and lack of formal IPC training programs.Conclusions:There is need to address EMS doubts and fears, improve IPC practices and awareness by institutionalizing IPC training programs, and ensure the design and accessibility of simplified and well-tailored IPC guidelines for EMS providers.
Long-Term Public Health Responses in High-Impact Weather Events: Hurricane Maria and Puerto Rico as a Case Study
Authors: Cange Charles W. , McGaw-Césaire Jacy 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThis statement responds to the public health challenges in Puerto Rico in the wake of Hurricane Maria during September 2017. As a result of Maria, and to a certain extent Hurricane Irma, the territory sustained unprecedented damage. We call for a mid- and long-term public health response and research to assess the long-term impacts of high-impact weather events, such as Maria’s effects on Puerto Rico, including impacts on vulnerable populations’ environmental health and well-being.
Nudging In MicroBiology Laboratory Evaluation (NIMBLE): A scoping review
Authors: Langford Bradley J. , Leung Elizabeth , Haj Reem , McIntyre Mark , Taggart Linda R. , Brown Kevin A. , Downing Mark , Matukas Larissa M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground:Nudging in microbiology is an antimicrobial stewardship strategy to influence decision making through the strategic reporting of microbiology results while preserving prescriber autonomy. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify the evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of nudging strategies in susceptibility result reporting to improve antimicrobial use.Methods:A search for studies in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and All EBM Reviews was conducted. All simulated and vignette studies were excluded. Two independent reviewers were used throughout screening and data extraction.Results:Of a total of 1,346 citations screened, 15 relevant studies were identified. Study types included pre- and postintervention (n = 10), retrospective cohort (n = 4), and a randomized controlled trial (n = 1). Most studies were performed in acute-care settings (n = 13), and the remainder were in primary care (n = 2). Most studies used a strategy to alter the default antibiotic choices on the antibiotic report. All studies reported at least 1 outcome of antimicrobial use: utilization (n = 9), appropriateness (n = 7), de-escalation (n = 2), and cost (n = 1). Moreover, 12 studies reported an overall benefit in antimicrobial use outcomes associated with nudging, and 4 studies evaluated the association of nudging strategy with subsequent antimicrobial resistance, with 2 studies noting overall improvement.Conclusions:The number of heterogeneous studies evaluating the impact of applying nudging strategies to susceptibility result reports is small; however, most strategies do show promise in altering prescriber’s antibiotic selection. Selective and cascade reporting of targeted agents in a hospital setting represent the majority of current research. Gaps and opportunities for future research identified from our scoping review include performing prospective randomized controlled trials and evaluating other approaches aside from selective reporting.
Effect of Supply Cooling Oil Temperature in Structural Cooling Channels on the Positioning Accuracy of Machine Tools
Authors: Li K.-Y. , Luo W.-J. , Yang M.-H. , Hong X.-H. , Luo S.-J. , Chen C.-N. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, the thermal deformation of a machine tool structure due to the heat generated during operation was analyzed, and embedded cooling channels were applied to exchange the heat generated during the operation to achieve thermal error suppression. Then, the finite volume method was used to simulate the effect of cooling oil temperature on thermal deformation, and the effect of thermal suppression was experimentally studied using a feed system combined with a cooler to improve the positioning accuracy of the machine tool. In this study, the supply oil temperature in the structural cooling channels was found to significantly affect the position accuracy of the moving table and moving carrier. If the supply oil temperature in the cooling channels is consistent with the operational ambient temperature, the position accuracy of the moving table in the Y direction and the moving carrier in the X and Z directions has the best performance under different feed rates. From the thermal suppression experiments of the embedded cooling channels, the positioning accuracy of the feed system can be improved by approximately 25.5 % during the dynamic feeding process. Furthermore, when the hydrostatic guideway is cooled and dynamic feeding is conducted, positioning accuracy can be improved by up to 47.8 %. The machining accuracy can be improved by approximately 60 % on average by using the embedded cooling channels in this study. Therefore, thermal suppression by the cooling channels in this study can not only effectively improve the positioning accuracy but also enhance machining accuracy, proving that the method is effective for enhancing machine tool accuracy.
A WEAKLY 2-GENERIC WHICH BOUNDS A MINIMAL DEGREE
Authors: DOWNEY RODNEY G. , NANDAKUMAR SATYADEV 
Published: November 2019

AbstractJockusch showed that 2-generic degrees are downward dense below a 2-generic degree. That is, if a is 2-generic, and $0 < {\bf{b}} < {\bf{a}}$, then there is a 2-generic g with $0 < {\bf{g}} < {\bf{b}}.$ In the case of 1-generic degrees Kumabe, and independently Chong and Downey, constructed a minimal degree computable from a 1-generic degree. We explore the tightness of these results.We solve a question of Barmpalias and Lewis-Pye by constructing a minimal degree computable from a weakly 2-generic one. While there have been full approximation constructions of ${\rm{\Delta }}_3^0$ minimal degrees before, our proof is rather novel since it is a computable full approximation construction where both the generic and the minimal degrees are ${\rm{\Delta }}_3^0 - {\rm{\Delta }}_2^0$.
JOHN TUTCHIN'SOBSERVATOR, COMMENT SERIALS, AND THE ‘RAGE OF PARTY’ IN BRITAIN, 1678 – c. 1730
Authors: TAYLOR EDWARD 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe importance of print in the ‘rage of party’ of late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Britain is well known, but scholars have paid insufficient attention to the press phenomenon that provided the most persistent and undiluted partisan voices of the era, the comment serial. Comment serials – regular printed publications designed explicitly to present topical analysis, opinion, and advice – were fashioned as powerful weapons for partisan combat. Due to their regularity and flexibility, they could be more potent than other forms of topical print, especially pamphlets and newspapers. Although many publications have been individually recognized as comment serials, such as Roger L'Estrange'sObservator(1681–7), Daniel Defoe'sReview(1704–13), and Jonathan Swift and others’Examiner(1710–14), their development as a holistic phenomenon has not been properly understood. They first appeared during the Succession Crisis (1678–82), and proliferated under Queen Anne (1702–14), supporting both tory and whig causes. Through widespread consumption, both direct and indirect, they shaped partisan culture in various ways, including by reinforcing and galvanizing partisan identities, facilitating the development of partisan ‘reading communities’, and manifesting and representing party divisions in public. This article focuses on John Tutchin'sObservator(1702–12) as a case-study of a major comment serial.
Corporate Liquidity, Acquisitions, and Macroeconomic Conditions
Authors: Erel Isil , Jang Yeejin , Minton Bernadette A. , Weisbach Michael S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper evaluates how the relation between firms’ cash holdings and their acquisition decisions changes over macroeconomic cycles using a sample of 47,615 acquisitions from 36 countries between 1997 and 2014. Higher cash holdings and stronger macroeconomic conditions each increase the likelihood that a firm will make an acquisition. However, larger cash holdings decrease the sensitivity of acquisitions to macroeconomic factors, suggesting that cash holdings lower financing constraints during times when the cost of external finance is high. Announcement day abnormal returns for acquirers follow a consistent pattern: They decrease with acquirer cash holdings and with better macroeconomic conditions.
Endoparasite infection hotspots in Estonian urban areas
Authors: Tull A. , Moks E. , Laurimaa L. , Keis M. , Süld K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe human–animal bond is beneficial for human health, but companion animals also pose a potential threat as vectors of zoonotic parasites, especially in urban areas where both human and dog densities are high. However, the knowledge about parasitic spillover in the urban environment is relatively scarce. The aim of the present study was to reveal which factors determine parasitic contamination in Estonian towns and provide up-to-date information about intestinal parasites of the Estonian dog population. In total, 657 samples of dog excrement was collected over one year of investigation from five towns in Estonia. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate factors predicting infection risk in urban areas. In general, infection risk and intensity models predicted higher infection with endoparasites for small dogs in smaller towns, especially in apartment-house districts and in potential hazard zones. Helminth eggs andGiardia/Cystoisosporaoocysts were detected in 64 samples, with an overall prevalence of 9.8%.