bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the dropout risk after treatment of obesity: Logistic regression analysis and deep neural network analysis
Authors: Yamada Tomohide , Lee Chia-lin , Liu Wei-Ju , Hiraike Yuta , Hosoe Jun , Noma Hisashi , Shojima Nobuhiro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Backgrounds Severely obese patients must follow strict regimens of diet, exercise, and medical therapy. However, such comprehensive weight-loss programs have high dropout rates. In this study, we developed a machine learning prediction model to aid in the early detection of high-risk-dropout patients.Methods 102 severely obese patients were monitored for 3 years to assess their risk of dropout from a comprehensive weight-loss program. The program targeted a 5% weight loss. It consisted of three main components, which include behavioral modification (goal setting and charting weight four times daily), diet, and exercise. A machine learning model was developed to predict dropout risk based on a 1-year dropout event. To extend the prediction ability past 1 year, we plotted a 3-year Kaplan-Meier survival curve using a deep learning (DL) algorithm and logistic regression (LR) classifications.Results Their mean age was 49±14 years, 43% were male, BMI was 42 kg/m2, and hemoglobin A1c was 7.6%. Additionally, 76% had diabetes, 21% had impaired glucose tolerance. After 1 year, the dropout rate was 19%. Using oral hypoglycemic agents had a lower risk of 3-year dropout [Odds ratio 0.26 (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.83, p = 0.023)]. The area under the curve (AUC) was better with DL than LR methods for predicting dropout at 3 years (0.97 vs. 0.77, p<0.001). The AUC for DL was also better than LR using binary classifications (0.86 vs. 0.68, p=0.001).Conclusions We demonstrated a higher precision with machine learning than with the standard logistic regression, based on limited sample size and information available during hospital admission. It is vital to note that machine learning was more accurate than standard analysis. This may have clinical significance because machine learning could be used to identify high-risk groups and allow for early intervention.
Using a multi-stakeholder experience-based design process to co-develop the Creating Active Schools Framework
Authors: Daly-Smith Andrew , Quarmby Tom , Archbold Victoria S.J. , Corrigan Nicola , Wilson Dan , Resaland Geir Kare , Bartholomew John B , Singh Amika , Tjomsland Hege , Sherar Lauren B , Chalkley Anna , Routen Ash C , Shickle Darren , Bingham Daniel D , Barber Sally E , Sluijs Esther van , Fairclough Stuart J , McKenna Jim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background UK and global policies recommend whole-school approaches to improve childrens’ inadequate physical activity (PA) levels. Yet, recent meta-analyses establish current interventions as ineffective due to suboptimal implementation rates and poor sustainability. To create effective and sustainable interventions which recognise schools as complex adaptive sub-systems, multi-stakeholder input is necessary. Further, to ensure ‘systems’ change, a framework is required that identifies the many components of a whole-school PA approach. The aim of this paper was to co-develop a whole-school PA framework using the double diamond design approach (DDDA); a four-stage reflective process to discover, define, develop, and deliver an innovative solution to a problem. Framework development process Fifty stakeholders engaged in a six-phase DDDA workshop undertaking tasks within same stakeholder (n=9; UK researchers, public health specialists, active schools coordinators, headteachers, teachers, active partner schools specialists, national organisations, Sport England local delivery pilot representatives and international researchers) and mixed (n=6) stakeholder groupings. Six draft frameworks were created before stakeholders selected one ‘initial’ framework through an individual voting process. Next, stakeholders reviewed the ‘initial’ framework, proposing modifications. Following the workshop, the original stakeholders voted on eight proposed modifications using an online questionnaire. Following voting, the final Creating Active Schools (CAS) Framework was designed. Summary To the authors knowledge, this is the first time practitioners, policy makers and researchers who understand the powerful driving agents of school systems and teacher and pupil PA behaviour, have co-designed a whole-school PA framework from initial conception. The novelty of the CAS framework resides in formally identifying the multitude of interconnecting elements of a whole-school adaptive sub-system; exposing the complexity required to create systems change. The CAS framework can be used to shape future policy, research and practice to embed sustainable PA interventions within schools. To enact such change, the CAS framework presents a potential paradigm shift, providing a map and method to guide future co-production by multiple experts of PA initiatives ‘with’ schools, while abandoning outdated traditional approaches of implementing interventions ‘on’ schools.
Geographical variations of early age sexual initiation among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Evidence from EDHS 2016
Authors: Nigatu Araya Mesfin , Birhanu Abraham Yeneneh , Endehabtu Berhanu Fikadie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background : The early age of sexual initiation will contribute a lot for various risks such as mistimed pregnancy followed by insecure termination, developing fistula and contracting sexually transmitted infections which are currently the major public health concerns, particularly for low-income countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to detect spatial clusters and identify factors associated with an early age sexual initiation of women in the reproductive age group.

Methods : We used a population-based nationwide representative Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016 data for this analysis. A total of 12,033 respondents of reproductive age (15–49 years) who had at least one event of sexual initiation was retrieved and included for the analysis. Spatial cluster detection and autocorrelation analysis were also done to explore the patterns of early age sexual initiation.
Results : The median age at first sexual intercourse among respondents was 16 (±3.3) years and more than half (66.2%), had their first intercourse before the age of 18 years. The spatial variations of the age of sexual initiation was nonrandom and clustered with a Moran's I = 0.413 (P-value < 0.001). In addition, five significant spatial clusters were also identified. Moreover, the probability of starting sex at an earlier age was associated with the respondent’s residence, marital status, educational attainment and wealth index.
Conclusion : This study found a higher proportion of an early age sexual initiation of women. Socio-demographic variables were also significantly associated with early sexual initiation. The SaTScan analysis identified five statistical significant spatial clusters which indicate that there were geographical variations. Therefore, targeted and integrated interventions focusing on the identified high spot clustered areas are recommended to reduce early age sexual initiation.
Keywords : Early sexual initiation, geographical variations, Ethiopia
The lead toxicity and pollution with this element in Poland
Authors: Charkiewicz Angelika , Backstrand Jeffrey 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The aim of this review is to describe lead’s toxic effects on the human body from conception through adulthood.Results One toxic heavy metal is lead. Pb is very dangerous when it is absorbed and accumulates in the main organs of the body where it can cause a range of symptoms that vary from person to person, the time of exposure and dose. Lead in adults can cause an increase in blood pressure, slow nerve conduction, fatigue, mood swings, drowsiness, impaired concentration, fertility disorders, decreased sex drive, headaches, constipation and in severe cases encephalopathy or death.Conclusions Toxic exposure to lead in Poland remains an important public health problem. This review will cover the range of lead exposures, from mild to heavy. Public health interventions and policies also are needed to reduce occupational and environmental exposure to this heavy metal.
Evaluating differences in the clinical impact of a free online weight loss programme, a resource-intensive commercial weight loss programme and an active control condition: a parallel randomised controlled trial
Authors: Innes Aidan Quinn , Thomson Greig , Cotter Mary , King James A , Vollaard Niels BJ , Kelly Benjamin M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Finding effective intervention strategies to combat rising obesity levels could significantly reduce the burden that obesity and associated non-communicable diseases places on both individuals and the National Health Service.Methods In this parallel randomised-controlled trial, 76 participants who are overweight or obese (50 female) were given free access to a fitness centre for the duration of the 12-week intervention and randomised to one of three interventions. The commercial intervention, the Healthy Weight Programme, (HWP, n=25, 10/15 men/women) consisted of twelve 1-hour nutrition coaching sessions with a nutritionist delivered as a mixture of group and 1 to 1 sessions. In addition, twice-weekly exercise sessions (24 in total) were delivered by personal trainers for 12 weeks. The NHS intervention (n=25, 8/17 men/women) consisted of following an entirely self-managed 12-week online NHS resource. The GYM intervention (n=26, 8/18 men/women) received no guidance or formal intervention. All participants were provided with a gym induction for safety and both the NHS and GYM participants were familiarised with ACSM physical activity guidelines by way of a hand-out. Results The overall follow-up rate was 83%. Body mass was significantly reduced at post-intervention in all groups (HWP: N=18, -5.17±4.22 kg, NHS: N=21 -4.19±5.49 kg; GYM: N=24 -1.17±3.00 kg; p < 0.001) with greater reductions observed in HWP and NHS groups compared to GYM (p<0.05). Out with body mass and BMI, there were no additional statistically significant time x intervention interaction effectsConclusions This is the first study to evaluate the efficacy of both a free online NHS self-help weight-loss tool and a commercial weight loss programme that provides face-to-face nutritional support and supervised exercise. The findings suggest that both interventions are superior to an active control condition with regard to eliciting short-term weight-loss. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry - ISRCTN31489026. Prospectively registered: 27/07/16
GSK-3β disrupts neural oscillatory function to inhibit learning and memory in rats
Authors: Albeely Abdalla M , Williams Olivia O.F. , Perreault Melissa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background. Alterations in glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity have been implicated in disorders of cognitive impairment including Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. Another characteristic of cognitive impairment is the dysregulation of neural oscillatory activity, macroscopic electrical rhythms in brain critical to systems communication. A direct functional relationship between GSK-3β and neural oscillations has not been elucidated.Methods. In the present study, the impact of increasing GSK-3β activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) or hippocampus (HIP) on the regulation of neural oscillations in rats was investigated using an adeno-associated viral vector containing a persistently active mutant of GSK-3β (S9A), and changes in learning and memory and tau phosphorylation assessed.Results. Increasing GSK-3β activity in either region had similar effects on oscillatory spectral power, enhancing theta and/or gamma oscillatory power recorded from one or both regions. Increasing PFC GSK-3β activity additionally suppressed high gamma PFC-HIP coherence. These oscillatory changes were accompanied by deficits in recognition memory, spatial learning and/or reversal learning. Increased pathogenic tau phosphorylation was also evident in regions where GSK-3β activity was elevated. Conclusions. These findings indicate that increased GSK-3β activity in PFC or HIP dysregulates neural oscillatory function in, and between, these regions. This suggests that GSK-3β may not only play an early role in cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease but may also play a more central role in disorders of cognitive dysfunction through the regulation of neurophysiological network function.
Low levels of thyroid hormone may reduce the risk of breast cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Bolin , Huang Yan , Lin Tao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: At present, the relationship between hypothyroidism and the risk of breast cancer is still inconclusive. This meta-analysis was used to systematically assess the relationship between hypothyroidism and breast cancer risk, and to assess whether thyroid hormone replacement therapy can increase breast cancer risk.Methods: The relevant articles about hypothyroidism and the risk of breast cancer were obtained on the electronic database platform. Relevant data were extracted, and odd ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals(95% CI) were merged using Stata SE 12.0 software. A total of 19 related studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 6 cohort studies and 13 case-control studies.Result: The results show that hypothyroidism can reduce the risk of breast cancer(odd ratios= 0.90, 95% CI 0.77-1.03), but in Asian populations, patients with hypothyroidism have an increased risk of breast cancer(odd ratios=1.17, 95% CI 0.98-1.35). In addition, patients who received thyroid hormone replacement therapy had a lower risk of developing breast cancer(odd ratios=0.87, 95% CI 0.65-1.09).Conclusion: Hypothyroidism and thyroid hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of breast cancer, suggesting that low levels of thyroid hormone may be beneficial to breast cancer prevention. Due to the limited number of studies included more large-scale, high-quality, long-term prospective cohort studies are needed.
Clinicopathologic features and genomic analysis of pulmonary blastomatoid carcinosarcoma
Authors: Zhao Jikai , Xiang Chan , Zhao Ruiying , Guo Ping , Zheng Jingjing , Han-Zhang Han , Yu Keke , Zhang Jie , Han Yuchen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: This study was designed to investigate the clinicopathologic features of pulmonary blastomatoid carcinosarcoma and explore the genomic profiles of epithelial and mesenchymal components in this tumor. Methods: Three cases of pulmonary blastomatoid carcinosarcoma were enrolled in this study. Clinic-pathologic information and prognostic data were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry was performed. The epithelial and mesenchymal components were microdissected to investigate the genomic profiles by performing capture-based targeted next generation sequencing. Results: The epithelial component in patient one was consistent of low-grade and high-grade fetal lung adenocarcinoma and displayed aberrant nuclear expression of β-catenin and missense mutation of CTNNB1 in its low-grade epithelial. The epithelial component in another two patients were consistent of high-grade fetal lung adenocarcinoma/enteric adenocarcinoma and harbored no mutation of CTNNB1. The mesenchymal components in all three tumors were primitive round/spindle cells in morphology without definite differentiation and showed cytoplasmic dot positive of β-catenin and no corresponding mutation. Within a tumor, both components exhibited relatively comparable molecular profile. In patient one, 4 mutations: RB1, FAT3, PTCH1 and LRP1B were shared by both epithelial and mesenchymal components. Epithelial had additional mutations in BCOR, CTNNB1, CTCF, FAT1 and DICER1. In patient two, 12 mutations were shared. The epithelial had BRCA2 mutations and the mesenchymal had mutations in CREBBP, ALK, DNMT3A, ASXL2, MYCN andRICTOR. Patient three had 6 shared mutations. The epithelial had an additional mutation in KAT6A and the mesenchymal had an additional mutation in APC. Collectively, we observed heterogeneity between epithelial and mesenchymal components of the same tumor. Conclusions: Parallel detection of genetic abnormalities in epithelial and mesenchymal components of blastomatoid carcinosarcoma could provide evidence for tumor differentiation, molecular targeting and further distinguish them from conventional pulmonary blastoma and carcinosarcoma.
G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor Activation Upregulates Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in the Hippocampus after Global Cerebral Ischemia: Implications for Neuronal Self Defense
Authors: BAI NING , ZHANG QUANGUANG , ZHANG WENLI , LIU BIN , YANG FANG , Brann Darrell , Wang Ruimin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: G-protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER/GPR30) is a novel membrane-associated estrogen receptor that can induce rapid kinase signaling in various cells. Activation of GPER can prevent hippocampal neuronal cell death following transient global cerebral ischemia (GCI), although the mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we sought to address whether GPER activation exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects in the rat hippocampus after GCI as a potential mechanism to limit neuronal cell death. Methods: GCI was induced by four-vessel occlusion in ovariectomized-female SD rats. Specific agonist G1 or antagonist G36 of GPER was administrated using minipump and antisense oligonucleotide (AS) of interleukin-1β receptor antagonist (IL1RA) was administrated using brain infusion kit. Protein expression of IL1RA, NFkB-P65, phosphorylation of CREB (p-CREB), Bcl2, Cleaved-caspase 3 and microglial markers Iba1, CD11b, as well as inflammasome components NLRP3, ASC, Cleaved-caspase 1, and Cle-IL1β in the hippocampal CA1 region were investigated by Immunofluorescent staining and Western blot analysis. The Duo-Link II in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) was performed to detect the interaction between NLRP3 and ASC. Immunofluorescent staining for NeuN and TUNEL analysis were used to analyze neuronal survival and apoptosis, respectively. We performed Barnes maze and Novel object tests to compare the cognitive function of the rats. Results: The results showed that G1 attenuated GCI-induced elevation of Iba1 and CD11b in the hippocampal CA1 region at 14d reperfusion, and this effect was blocked by G36. G1 treatment also markedly decreased expression of the NLRP3-ASC-Caspase 1 inflammasome and IL1β activation, as well as downstream NFkB signaling, the effects reversed by G36 administration. Intriguingly, G1 caused a robust elevation in neurons of a well-known endogenous anti-inflammatory factor IL1RA, which was reversed by G36 treatment. G1 also enhanced p-CREB level in the hippocampus, a transcription factor known to enhance expression of IL1RA. Finally, in vivo IL1RA-AS abolished the anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects of G1 after GCI, and reversed the cognitive-enhancing effects of G1 at 14d after GCI. Conclusions: Taken together, the current results suggest that GPER preserves cognitive function following GCI in part by exerting anti-inflammatory effects and enhancing the defense mechanism of neurons by upregulating IL1RA.
The expression and Clinical Significance of miRNA-135a and Bach1 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Yuchen , Jiang Zhiyang , Tao Guoqing , Zhu Fei Yan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND AIM To explore the correlation between the expression of miRNA-135a and Bach1 in colorectal cancer tissue and the patient's clinical information. Methods 60 patients with colorectal carcinoma were treated as a control group. Real-time quantitative PCR assays and immunohistochemistry method were performed to detect the expression of miRNA-135a and bach1 in 50 colorectal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues, and the clinical and pathological classifications have also been investigated. The SPSS 19.00 software was used. All data represent mean±SD of three independent experiments. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results miRNA-135a expression levels increase significantly in the colon cancer tissues compared with the non-tumor control tissues(P<0.01). miRNA-135a expression levels are higher in stage III/IV than in stage I/II colon cancer patients. The expression level of Bach1 in colorectal cancer was significantly lower(P<0.01). Bach1 and mirna-135a are negatively correlated. Conclusions: mirna-135a and bach1 showed a negative correlation, it may be one of the important indices for colorectal cancer screening.
Digital Karyotyping for Rapid Authentication of Cell Lines
Authors: Khalil Ahmed Ibrahim Samir , Chattopadhyay Anupam , Sanyal Amartya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The widespread concern about genetic drift and cross-contamination of cell lines calls for a pressing need for their authentication. The current genetic techniques for authentication are time-consuming and require specific documentary standard and laboratory protocols. Given the fact that whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data are readily available, read depth (RD)-based computational analyses has allowed the estimation of genetic profiles of cell lines.
Results
We propose WGS-derived aneuploidy profiling as a prototype of digital karyotyping for authentication of cancer cell lines. Here, we describe a Python-based software AStra for de novo estimation of the genome-wide aneuploidy profile, the copy number of every genomic loci, from raw WGS reads. We demonstrated that aneuploidy profile offers a unique signature that can distinguish the clonal variants (strains) of a cell line. We evaluated our approach using simulated data and variety of cancer cell lines. We further showed that cell lines exhibit distinct aneuploidy patterns which corroborate well with the experimental observations.
Conclusions
AStra is a simple, user-friendly, and free tool that provides the elementary information about the chromosomal aneuploidy for cell line authentication. AStra provides an analytical and visualization platform for rapid and easy comparison between different cell lines/strains. We recommend AStra for rapid first-pass quality assessment of scientific data that employ cancer cell lines. AStra is an open source software and is available at https://github.com/AISKhalil/AStra.