bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic evidence for the origin ofAedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, in the southwestern Indian Ocean
Authors: Soghigian John , Gloria‐Soria Andrea , Robert Vincent , Le Goff Gilbert , Failloux Anna‐Bella , Powell Jeffrey R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAedes aegyptiis among the best‐studied mosquitoes due to its critical role as a vector of human pathogens and ease of laboratory rearing. Until now, this species was thought to have originated in continental Africa, and subsequently colonized much of the world following the establishment of global trade routes. However, populations of this mosquito on the islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO), where the species occurs with its nearest relatives referred to as the Aegypti Group, have received little study. We re‐evaluated the evolutionary history ofAe. aegyptiand these relatives, using three data sets: nucleotide sequence data, 18,489 SNPs and 12 microsatellites. We found that: (a) the Aegypti Group diverged 16 MYA (95% HPD: 7–28 MYA) from its nearest African/Asian ancestor; (b) SWIO populations ofAe. aegyptiare basal to continental African populations; (c) after diverging 7 MYA (95% HPD: 4–15 MYA) from its nearest formally described relative (Ae. mascarensis),Ae. aegyptimoved to continental Africa less than 85,000 years ago, where it recently (<1,000 years ago) split into two recognized subspeciesAe. aegypti formosusand a human commensal,Ae. aegypti aegypti; (d) the Madagascar samples form a clade more distant from all otherAe. aegyptithan the named speciesAe. mascarensis, implying that Madagascar may harbour a new cryptic species; and (e) there is evidence of introgression betweenAe. mascarensisandAe. aegyption Réunion, and between the two subspecies elsewhere in the SWIO, a likely consequence of recent introductions of domesticAe. aegypti aegyptifrom Asia.
Performance‐based assessment during clinical placement: Cross‐sectional investigation of a training workshop for practice educators
Authors: Alpine Lucy M. , O'Connor Anne , McGuinness Marian , Barrett Emer M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPerformance‐based assessment evaluates a health professional student's performance as they integrate their knowledge and skills into clinical practice. Performance‐based assessment grades, however, are reported to be highly variable due to the complexity of decision‐making in the clinical environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a training workshop based on frame‐of‐reference principles on grading of student performance by physiotherapy practice educators. This was a prospective cross‐sectional study which used a single group pre‐test, post‐test design. Fifty‐three practice educators rated two video vignettes depicting a poor and very good student performance, using a subsection of a physiotherapy performance‐based assessment tool before and after training. Overall, results showed that participants amended their scores on approximately half of all scoring occasions following training, with the majority decreasing the scores awarded. This impacted positively on scoring for the poor performance video, bringing scores more in line with the true score. This study provides evidence of the benefit of a training workshop to influence decision‐making in performance‐based assessment as part of a wider education program for practice educators.
Responses to gastric gas in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Caballero Noemi , Marin Ingrid , Serra Jordi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundGas‐related abdominal symptoms are common in patients with functional gut disorders, but the responses to cope with the large volumes of gas that enter daily into the stomach have not been studied in detail. Our aim was to evaluate transit and tolerance of gastric gas in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders.MethodsIn eight healthy volunteers and 24 patients with functional gut disorders (eight functional dyspepsia, eight belching disorder, and eight functional bloating) 1500 ml of a gas mixture were infused into the stomach at 25 ml/min. Belching, rectal gas evacuation, and abdominal perception were continuously recorded for 90 minutes.Key ResultsHealthy subjects expelled the infused gas per rectum (1614 ± 73 ml), with a small rise in epigastric perception (score increment 1.0 ± 0.4) and virtually no belching (1 ± 1 belches). Patients with functional dyspepsia had a hypersensitive response to gastric gas, with a significant rise in epigastric perception (score increment 2.5 ± 0.6; P = .045), a transient delay in rectal gas evacuation and similar belching as healthy controls. Patients with belching disorders responded to gastric gas with continuous belches (33 ± 13 belches; P = .002), low epigastric perception, and a small reduction in rectal gas evacuation. Patients with functional bloating exhibited a slow transit response, with reduced rectal gas evacuation (1017 ± 145 ml; P = .002) and abdominal symptoms (score increment 2.5 ± 0.7), but without compensatory belching.Conclusions and InferencesDifferent pathophysiological mechanisms underlay specific adaptive responses to gastric gas in patients with different functional gut disorders. Therapeutic interventions for gas‐related abdominal symptoms should be addressed towards these specific pathophysiological disturbances.
Pollen analysis using multispectral imaging flow cytometry and deep learning
Authors: Dunker Susanne , Motivans Elena , Rakosy Demetra , Boho David , Mäder Patrick , Hornick Thomas , Knight Tiffany M. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryPollen identification and quantification are crucial but challenging tasks in addressing a variety of evolutionary and ecological questions (pollination, paleobotany), but also for other fields of research (e.g. allergology, honey analysis or forensics). Researchers are exploring alternative methods to automate these tasks but, for several reasons, manual microscopy is still the gold standard.In this study, we present a new method for pollen analysis using multispectral imaging flow cytometry in combination with deep learning. We demonstrate that our method allows fast measurement while delivering high accuracy pollen identification.A dataset of 426 876 images depicting pollen from 35 plant species was used to train a convolutional neural network classifier. We found the best‐performing classifier to yield a species‐averaged accuracy of 96%. Even species that are difficult to differentiate using microscopy could be clearly separated.Our approach also allows a detailed determination of morphological pollen traits, such as size, symmetry or structure. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest phylogenetic conservatism in some of these traits. Given a comprehensive pollen reference database, we provide a powerful tool to be used in any pollen study with a need for rapid and accurate species identification, pollen grain quantification and trait extraction of recent pollen.
Plant U‐box E3 ligases PUB25 and PUB26 control organ growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Yongxia , Gao Zhong , Xu Xiumei , Wang Yanzhi , Lin Yaoxi , Ye Peiming , Huang Tengbo 
Published: August 2020

Summary

Plant organs often grow into a genetically determined size and shape. How organ growth is finely regulated to achieve a well defined pattern is a fascinating, but largely unresolved, question in plant research.

We utilised the Arabidopsis petal to study the genetic control of plant organ growth, and identify two closely related U‐box E3 ligases PUB25 and PUB26 as important growth regulators by screening the targets of the petal‐specific growth‐promoting transcription factor RABBIT EARS (RBE).

We showed that PUB25 is directly controlled by RBE in petal development in a spatial‐ and temporal‐specific manner and acts as a major target to mediate RBE’s function in petal growth. We also showed that PUB25 and PUB26 repress petal growth by restricting the period of cell proliferation, and their regulation appears to be independent of other plant E3 ligase genes implicated in growth control.

PUB25 and PUB26 are among the first U‐box E3 ligases shown to function in plant growth control. Furthermore, as they were also found to play a vital role in plant stress responses, PUB25 and PUB26 may act as a key hub to integrate developmental and environmental signals for balancing growth and defence in plants.
Photosynthesis and crop productivity are enhanced by glucose‐functionalised carbon dots
Authors: Swift Thomas A. , Fagan Daniel , Benito‐Alifonso David , Hill Stephen A. , Yallop Marian L. , Oliver Thomas A. A. , Lawson Tracy , Galan M. Carmen , Whitney Heather M. 
Published: August 2020

Summary

From global food security to textile production and biofuels, the demands currently made on plant photosynthetic productivity will continue to increase. Enhancing photosynthesis using designer, green and sustainable materials offers an attractive alternative to current genetic‐based strategies and promising work with nanomaterials has recently started to emerge.

Here we describe the in planta use of carbon‐based nanoparticles produced by low‐cost renewable routes that are bioavailable to mature plants. Uptake of these functionalised nanoparticles directly from the soil improves photosynthesis and also increases crop production.

We show for the first time that glucose functionalisation enhances nanoparticle uptake, photoprotection and pigment production, unlocking enhanced yields. This was demonstrated in Triticum aestivum ‘Apogee’ (dwarf bread wheat) and resulted in an 18% increase in grain yield.

This establishes the viability of a functional nanomaterial to augment photosynthesis as a route to increased crop productivity.
The effect of workplace lifestyle programmes on diet, physical activity, and weight‐related outcomes for working women: A systematic review using the TIDieR checklist
Authors: Madden Seonad K. , Cordon Emma L. , Bailey Cate , Skouteris Helen , Ahuja Kiran , Hills Andrew P. , Hill Briony 
Published: August 2020

SummaryPhysical activity and healthy diets are essential for the prevention of obesity and chronic disease that disparately impact women compared with men. Given the number of women engaged in the workforce, workplace interventions could improve lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes for women. This systematic review aimed to identify intervention characteristics of lifestyle programmes or organizational policy changes in the workplace associated with improved diet, physical activity, or weight‐related outcomes for working women using the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist. Seven databases were searched for controlled studies published up to March 2019 that included a workplace diet and/or physical activity intervention. From 5,318 identified records, 20 studies (23 articles and 26 intervention arms) were included. Data were extracted on diet, physical activity, weight‐related outcomes, and TIDieR components. Findings indicated that group delivery may improve physical activity outcomes, and a high number of sessions may benefit weight‐related outcomes for physical activity interventions. Mixed interventions that included tailoring and input from non‐healthcare professionals may also enhance physical activity. In contrast, the role of mixed interventions in improving diet and weight‐related outcomes was less clear. Overall, workplace health programmes were effective at improving lifestyle behaviours for working women.
Diagnosis and management of genital injuries in girls: 14‐year experience
Authors: Hoshi Reina , Uehara Shuichiro , Hashimoto Makoto , Hosokawa Takashi , Kawashima Hiroyuki , Kaneda Hide , Hoshino Mayumi , Koshinaga Tsugumichi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPediatric patients with genital injuries are often recommended to receive an examination under general anesthesia; however, detailed clinical data of such patients are rarely reported.MethodsA single‐center retrospective review was conducted in 45 girls less than 16 years of age with genital injuries between January 2005 and December 2018.ResultsThe median patient age was 5.0 years. Forty‐two patients were hospitalized, of whom 38 required an examination under general anesthesia and all consequently required surgical repair. The diagnosis obtained after a thorough examination under general anesthesia was inconsistent with the diagnosis obtained at the emergency room in five patients. In 20 patients, the source of bleeding was not clarified at the time of initial examination at the emergency room; four of these patients were later revealed to have vaginal or rectal injuries that had been overlooked during the examination at the emergency room. Injuries occurring in the bathroom were the most frequent and tended to be serious. Multiple injuries were found in 10 patients. The exterior of the labia minora was the most commonly injured site, found in 18 patients.ConclusionsWe analyzed the clinical data of girls with genital injuries in detail, which allowed us to find a detailed classification of injured sites and the characteristics of serious cases, and to re‐recognize the importance of a thorough examination under general anesthesia.
Current practice of antithrombotic prophylaxis in pediatric kidney transplantation—Results of an international survey on behalf of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology
Authors: Buder Kathrin , Zirngibl Matthias , Bapistella Sascha , Nadalin Silvio , Tönshoff Burkhard , Weitz Marcus ,   Members of the “Transplantation Working Group” of the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN)
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRenal graft thrombosis (RGT) is one of the main causes for early graft loss in pediatric kidney transplantation (KTx). Despite the lack of evidence‐based recommendations, antithrombotic prophylaxis (aP) is used to prevent RGT.MethodsAn online survey supported by the European Society for Pediatric Nephrology was developed to investigate the current practice of aP in pediatric KTx recipients <18 years.ResultsA total of 80 pediatric KTx centers from 37 countries participated in the survey. Antithrombotic prophylaxis was performed in 96% of the pediatric renal transplant centers (all/selected patients: 54%/42%). The main overall used drugs were as follows: low‐molecular‐weight heparin (89%), unfractionated heparin (UFH) (69%), and acetylsalicylic acid (ASS) (55%). Ten different aP management strategies were identified as follows: 51% used a single drug and 48% combined two drugs sequentially. The corresponding centers started aP predominantly within 24 hours after pediatric KTx; 51% preferred UFH for starting aP. In centers switching to a second drug (51%), this change was performed after 10 ± 6 days; of these 57% preferred ASS for maintenance aP. Reported median aP duration was 51 days (range 1‐360).ConclusionsDespite the use of aP in almost all responding pediatric KTx centers, there is no uniform management strategy. Notwithstanding, UFH seems to be the preferred drug for the early post‐operative period of pediatric KTx, and ASS for maintenance prophylaxis following pediatric KTx. Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the benefits and risks of aP, preferably resulting in guidelines for the management in pediatric KTx.
The relative importance of enhancement to the production of Salmon on Iturup Island (Kuril Islands, Russia)
Authors: Klovach Natalya , Leman Vsevolod , Gordeev Ilya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA historical review of biological enhancement and fisheries for Iturup Island demonstrates that enhancement has significantly increased numbers of chum salmon while pink salmon are produced almost entirely naturally. Fourteen hatcheries currently produce and release chum salmon fry; four of these also generate pink salmon. Favourable natural conditions make the waters near Iturup Island one of the most productive marine areas in the Russian Far East. Efficient hatcheries combined with favourable conditions resulted in increases in chum salmon catches from less than 100 tonnes in the early 1990s to more than 20 000 tonnes in the late 2010s. Becoming better informed of factors controlling salmon production in the Kuril Islands should help scientists in other regions of the North Pacific understand what controls their own salmon populations.
Recovery of sperms bearing X chromosomes with different concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles in ram
Authors: Moradi Maryam , Hajarian Hadi , Karamishabankareh Hamed , Soltani Leila , Soleymani Bijan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPre‐conceptual sex selection is still a highly debatable process whereby X and Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa are isolated before oocyte fertilization. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have been used to determine X and Y chromosomes bearing spermatozoa as a result of searching for a cheap, highly efficient method using non‐toxic materials. This study aimed to recover the sperm bearing X chromosomes in ram with different concentrations of MNP and then evaluate the success of this method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ram sperms were divided into four groups, treated with 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml MNP, respectively. MNP was used to restore sperm cells bearing X chromosomes. Upon recovery, the PCR was performed to identify the X and Y sperms, Methyl ThiazoleTetrazolium (MTT), to assess MNP toxicity and sperm viability and acridine orange (AO) to evaluate sperm DNA integrity. The results of PCR revealed that the treatment of spermatozoa‐ bearing X chromosomes with 50 μg/ml MNP had the highest effects on the recovery of X sperm rather than the other concentrations of MNP. However, the concentrations of MNP did not have any toxic effects on spermatozoa, sperm viability and, DNA integrity, but the high concentration of MNP (200 μg/ml) significantly reduced DNA integrity. According to MTT and AO results, the concentrations of MNP used in this study had no toxic effects on spermatozoa and did not reduce the sperm viability and DNA integrity, except that 200 μg/ml MNP significantly reduced DNA integrity.
The Need to Reconcile Concepts that Characterize Systems Facing Threats
Authors: Galaitsi S. E. , Keisler Jeffrey M. , Trump Benjamin D. , Linkov Igor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDesirable system performance in the face of threats has been characterized by various management concepts. Through semistructured interviews with editors of journals in the fields of emergency response and systems management, a literature review, and professional judgment, we identified nine related and often interchangeably used system performance concepts: adaptability, agility, reliability, resilience, resistance, robustness, safety, security, and sustainability. A better understanding of these concepts will allow system planners to pursue management strategies best suited to their unique system dynamics and specific objectives of good performance. We analyze expert responses and review the linguistic definitions and mathematical framing of these concepts to understand their applications. We find a lack of consensus on their usage between interview subjects, but by using the mathematical framing to enrich the linguistic definitions, we formulate comparative visualizations and propose distinct definitions for the nine concepts. We present a conceptual framing to relate the concepts for management purposes.
Oral health in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bensi Caterina , Costacurta Micaela , Docimo Raffaella 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsAim of the present systematic review and meta‐analysis is to investigate the oral health status of children with cerebral palsy and to compare it to that of healthy children.Methods and resultsAn electronic search extended to October 2019 was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers selected publications using a two‐stage process; data were extracted according to PRISMA statement. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias in individual studies. After screening of the 5460 studies selected 20 publications were included in the systematic review, 15 underwent quantitative analysis. In the palsy population statistical analysis showed an OR = 1.45 (95% CI: 1.05‐2.00) for dental caries in the primary dentition and OR = 1.87 (95% CI: 1.07‐3.24) for the simplified oral hygiene index. The OR of Angle's Class II and anterior open bite were 3.27 (95% CI: 1.22‐8.81) and 14.06 (95% CI: 6.26‐31.62), respectively.ConclusionChildren with cerebral palsy seem to present an increased risk of dental caries in the primary dentition, of Angle's Class II malocclusion, anterior open bite and a lower gingival status.
Homeworld/Alienworld: a qualitative study about existential experiences after cancer treatment
Authors: Ueland Venke , Dysvik Elin , Rørtveit Kristine , Furnes Bodil 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAs a group, cancer survivors experience significant vulnerability and existential challenges. The biomedical approach dominating health care is insufficient to meet such existential challenges in an individualistic, holistic way.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the existential experiences of those treated for different cancers.MethodsAn exploratory phenomenological–hermeneutical design was used to obtain an understanding of existential experiences after cancer treatment. Data were collected through in‐depth interviews with 21 individuals who represented a purposive sample and were recruited from a cancer organisation.ResultsThree overriding themes emerged from the phenomenological–hermeneutical analysis are as follows: Experiencing an unfamiliar tiredness; Experiencing not being fully oneself; and Experiencing a feeling of being alone.ConclusionsExistential suffering after cancer treatment involves living on the edge of the old homeworld and the experience of a new alienworld. Individuals undergoing such suffering need a transformational process, from the alienworld to the homeworld, which must be supported by the healthcare system.Implications for practiceTo facilitate the transformational process, healthcare professionals should communicate with patients throughout their cancer journey about how their existential experiences have been integrated into their lifeworld, allowing them to tell their own story from the perspective of lifeworld brokenness.