bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis of hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma sheds light on differences in survival
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Zhu Weiming , Li Zhexuan , Cai Gengming , Wang Juncheng , Tang Qinglai , Maroun Christopher A. , Zhu Gangcai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe link between differences in molecular expression and survival among advanced laryngeal (LSCC) and hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma (HPSCC) remains unclear. Here, we applied the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) with Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) proteomics data and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) related data to discover the possible disparities between HPSCC and LSCC. Our results showed a significantly worse 5-year overall-survival in HPSCC compared with LSCC before and after adjusting for clinical parameters. 240 differentially expressed proteins were enriched in molecular networks of cytoskeleton remodeling and antigen presentation. Moreover, HPSCC consisted of less T-central-memory cells, T-follicular-helper cells, TGF-β response, and CD4 +  T memory resting cells, but more wound healing than LSCC. Furthermore, 9 mRNAs expression were significantly and independently correlated to overall survival in 126 HPSCC and LSCC patients, which was further validated in another cohort of head and neck cancers. These findings support that Immunity signatures as well as pathway networks that include cytoskeleton remodeling and antigen presentation may contribute to the observed differences in survival between HPSCC and LSCC.
Maternal separation with early weaning impairs neuron-glia integrity: non-invasive evaluation and substructure demonstration
Authors: Zeng Haiyan , Zhang Xiaolei , Wang Wenqiang , Shen Zhiwei , Dai Zhuozhi , Yu Zhijia , Xu Shuqin , Yan Gen , Huang Qingjun , Wu Renhua , Chen Xi , Xu Haiyun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAstrocytes and oligodendrocytes play essential roles in regulating neural signal transduction along neural circuits in CNS. The perfect coordination of neuron/astrocyte and neuron/oligodendrocyte entities was termed as neuron-glia integrity recently. Here we monitored the status of neuron-glia integrity via non-invasive neuroimaging methods and demonstrated the substructures of it using other approaches in an animal model of maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW), which mimics early life neglect and abuse in humans. Compared to controls, MSEW rats showed higher glutamate level, but lower GABA in prefrontal cortex (PFC) detected by chemical exchange saturation transfer and1H-MRS methods, lower levels of glial glutamate transporter-1 and ATP-α, but increased levels of glutamate decarboxylase-65 and glutamine synthetase in PFC; reduced fractional anisotropy in various brain regions revealed by diffusion tensor imaging, along with increased levels of N-acetyl-aspartate measured by1H-MRS; and hypomyelination in PFC as evidenced by relevant cellular and molecular changes.
Nonlinear dispersive cell model for microdosimetry of nanosecond pulsed electric fields
Authors: Guo Fei , Zhang Lin , Liu Xin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor applications based on nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs), the underlying transmembrane potential (TMP) distribution on the plasma membrane is influenced by electroporation (EP) of the plasma membrane and dielectric dispersion (DP) of all cell compartments which is important for predicting the bioelectric effects. In this study, the temporal and spatial distribution of TMP on the plasma membrane induced by nsPEFs of various pulse durations (3 ns, 5 ns unipolar, 5 ns bipolar, and 10 ns) is investigated with the inclusion of both DP and EP. Based on the double-shelled dielectric spherical cell model, the Debye equation describing DP is transformed into the time-domain form with the introduction of polarization vector, and then we obtain the time course of TMP by solving the combination of Laplace equation and time-domain Debye equation. Next, the asymptotic version of the Smoluchowski equation is included to characterize the EP of plasma membrane in order to observe more profound electroporation effects with larger pore density and electroporated areas in consideration of both DP and EP. Through the simulation, it is clearer to understand the relationship between the applied nsPEFs and the induced bioelectric effects.
Single-step approach to sensitized luminescence through bulk-embedded organics in crystalline fluorides
Authors: Hansen Per-Anders , Zikmund Tomas , Yu Ting , Kvalvik Julie Nitsche , Aarholt Thomas , Prytz Øystein , Meijerink Andries , Nilsen Ola 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLuminescent materials enable warm white LEDs, molecular tagging, enhanced optoelectronics and can improve energy harvesting. With the recent development of multi-step processes like down- and upconversion and the difficulty in sensitizing these, it is clear that optimizing all properties simultaneously is not possible within a single material class. In this work, we have utilized the layer-by-layer approach of atomic layer deposition to combine broad absorption from an aromatic molecule with the high emission yields of crystalline multi-layer lanthanide fluorides in a single-step nanocomposite process. This approach results in complete energy transfer from the organic molecule while providing inorganic fluoride-like lanthanide luminescence. Sm3+ is easily quenched by organic sensitizers, but in our case we obtain strong fluoride-like Sm3+ emission sensitized by strong UV absorption of terephthalic acid. This design allows combinations of otherwise incompatible species, both with respect to normally incompatible synthesis requirements and in controlling energy transfer and quenching routes.
Misfit phase (BiSe)1.10NbSe2 as the origin of superconductivity in niobium-doped bismuth selenide
Authors: Kamminga Machteld E. , Batuk Maria , Hadermann Joke , Clarke Simon J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTopological superconductivity is of great contemporary interest and has been proposed in doped Bi2Se3, in which electron-donating atoms such as Cu, Sr or Nb have been intercalated into the Bi2Se3 structure. For NbxBi2Se3, with Tc ~ 3 K, it is assumed in the literature that Nb is inserted in the van der Waals gap. However, in this work an alternative origin for the superconductivity in Nb-doped Bi2Se3 is established. In contrast to previous reports, it is deduced that Nb intercalation in Bi2Se3 does not take place. Instead, the superconducting behaviour in samples of nominal composition NbxBi2Se3 results from the (BiSe)1.10NbSe2 misfit phase that is present in the sample as an impurity phase for small x (0.01 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) and as a main phase for large x (x = 0.50). The structure of this misfit phase is studied in detail using a combination of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques.
Reduced methane recovery at high pressure due to methane trapping in shale nanopores
Authors: Neil Chelsea W. , Mehana Mohamed , Hjelm Rex P. , Hawley Marilyn E. , Watkins Erik B. , Mao Yimin , Viswanathan Hari , Kang Qinjun , Xu Hongwu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBy 2050, shale gas production is expected to exceed three-quarters of total US natural gas production. However, current unconventional hydrocarbon gas recovery rates are only around 20%. Maximizing production of this natural resource thus necessitates improved understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying hydrocarbon retention within the nanoporous shale matrix. In this study, we integrated molecular simulation with high-pressure small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), an experimental technique uniquely capable of characterizing methane behavior in situ within shale nanopores at elevated pressures. Samples were created using Marcellus shale, a gas-generative formation comprising the largest natural gas field in the United States. Our results demonstrate that, contrary to the conventional wisdom that elevated drawdown pressure increases methane recovery, a higher peak pressure led to the trapping of dense, liquid-like methane in sub-2 nm radius nanopores, which comprise more than 90% of the measured nanopore volume, due to irreversible deformation of the kerogen matrix. These findings have critical implications for pressure management strategies to maximize hydrocarbon recovery, as well as broad implications for fluid behavior under confinement.
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte elicited therapeutic vaccine candidate targeting cancer against MAGE-A11 carcinogenic protein
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Sood Damini , Gupta Aditya , Jha Niraj Kumar , Jain Pallavi , Chandra Ramesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy is a breakthrough approach for cancer treatment and prevention. By exploiting the fact that cancer cells have overexpression of tumor antigens responsible for its growth and progression, which can be identified and removed by boosting the immune system. In silico techniques have provided efficient ways for developing preventive measures to ward off cancer. Herein, we have designed a potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope to elicit a desirable immune response against carcinogenic melanoma-associated antigen-A11. Potent epitope was predicted using reliable algorithms and characterized by advanced computational avenue CABS molecular dynamics simulation, for full flexible binding with HLA-A*0201 and androgen receptor to large-scale rearrangements of the complex system. Results showed the potent immunogenic construct (KIIDLVHLL), from top epitopes using five algorithms. Molecular docking analyses showed the strong binding of epitope with HLA-A*0201 and androgen receptor with docking score of −780.6 and −641.06 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis revealed strong binding of lead epitope with androgen receptor by involvement of 127 elements through atomic-model study. Full flexibility study showed stable binding of epitope with an average root mean square deviation (RMSD) 2.21 Å and maximum RMSD value of 6.48 Å in optimal cluster density area. The epitope also showed remarkable results with radius of gyration 23.0777 Å, world population coverage of 39.08% by immune epitope database, and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) affinity IC50 value of 2039.65 nm. Moreover, in silico cloning approach confirmed the expression and translation capacity of the construct within a suitable expression vector. The present study paves way for a potential immunogenic construct for prevention of cancer.
Explore prognostic biomarker of bladder cancer based on competing endogenous network
Authors: Li Faping , Guo Hui , Liu Bin , Liu Nian , Xu Zhixiang , Wang Yishu , Zhou Honglan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common tumor of the urinary tract. Increasing evidence showed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a critical regulator in cancer development and progression. However, the functions of lncRNAs in the development of BC remain mostly undefined. In the present study, based on RNA sequence profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we identified 723 lncRNAs, 157 miRNAs, and 1816 mRNAs aberrantly expressed in BC tissues. A competing endogenous RNA network, including 49 lncRNAs, 17 miRNAs, and 36 mRNAs, was then established. The functional enrichment analyses showed that the mRNAs in the ceRNA network mainly participated in ‘regulation of transcription’ and ‘pathways in cancer’. Moreover, the Cox regression analyses demonstrated that three lncRNAs (AC112721.1, TMPRSS11GP, and ADAMTS9-AS1) could serve as independent risk factors. We established a risk prediction model with these lncRNAs. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis showed that high-risk patients’ prognosis was lower than that of low-risk patients (P=0.001). The present study provides novel insights into the lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network and the potential of lncRNAs to be candidate prognostic biomarkers in BC, which could help better understand the pathological changes and pathogenesis of BC and be useful for clinical studies in the future.
Detection of small magnetic flux ropes from the third and fourth Parker Solar Probe encounters
Authors: Zhao L.-L. , Zank G. P. , Hu Q. , Telloni D. , Chen Y. , Adhikari L. , Nakanotani M. , Kasper J. C. , Huang J. , Bale S. D. , Korreck K. E. , Case A. W. , Stevens M. , Bonnell J. W. , Dudok de Wit T. , Goetz K. , Harvey P. R. , MacDowall R. J. , Malaspina D. M. , Pulupa M. , Larson D. E. , Livi R. , Whittlesey P. , Klein K. G. , Raouafi N. E. 
Published: November 2020

Context. Aims. We systematically search for magnetic flux rope structures in the solar wind to within the closest distance to the Sun of ~0.13 AU, using data from the third and fourth orbits of the Parker Solar Probe.
Methods. We extended our previous magnetic helicity-based technique of identifying magnetic flux rope structures. The method was improved upon to incorporate the azimuthal flow, which becomes larger as the spacecraft approaches the Sun.
Results. A total of 21 and 34 magnetic flux ropes are identified during the third (21-day period) and fourth (17-day period) orbits of the Parker Solar Probe, respectively. We provide a statistical analysis of the identified structures, including their relation to the streamer belt and heliospheric current sheet crossing.
Ambulanter Lungensport und körperliches Training bei Patienten mit Atemwegs- und Lungenkrankheiten
Authors: Worth H. , Bock R. , Frisch M. , Göhl O. , Grünig E. , Glöckl R. , Limbach M. , Schultz K. , Spielmanns M. , Taube K. , Teschler S. , Watz H. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungUm der zu selten genutzten Behandlungsoption „Bewegungstherapie“ bei Patienten mit chronischen Lungenkrankheiten eine bessere Nutzung und eine größere Verbreitung zu ermöglichen, wurden von einer Expertengruppe aus Sportwissenschaftlern, Sporttherapeuten und Pneumologen Empfehlungen zur Durchführung von ambulantem, wohnortnahem Lungensport in Gruppen verfasst. Die positiven Effekte von Sport und körperlichem Training bei Asthma, COPD, interstitiellen Lungenkrankheiten, Mukoviszidose, Lungenkarzinom und pulmonaler Hypertonie werden dargestellt. Unter Berücksichtigung der gesetzlichen Grundlagen werden die notwendigen Voraussetzungen der Patienten für die Teilnahme am ambulanten Lungensport, den Aufbau von Übungseinheiten sowie die Überwachung der Teilnehmer durch speziell ausgebildete Übungsleiter in Abhängigkeit von Schwere und Art der Lungenkrankheit dargestellt. Hinweise für den Aufbau, die Organisation und die Kostenerstattung von Lungensportgruppen sollen die Verbreitung des ambulanten Lungensports fördern. Schließlich wird auch auf Sicherheitsaspekte der teilnehmenden Patienten unter Einschluss des Infektionsrisikos mit dem Corona-2-Virus eingegangen.
Large Intramural Aortic Hematoma with Intimal Tear
Authors: Jacques Frédéric , Gingras Michel , Lafrenière-Bessi Valérie , Perron Jean , Dagenais François 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 72-year-old man presented with excruciating epigastric pain. A chest computed tomography angiography revealed an aortic intramural hematoma. A filling defect within the distal ascending aorta was noted. Images of an intramular hematoma and surgical details of an ascending aortic replacement under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest are provided.
Predictors of Manual Dexterity in Simulation-Based Cataract Surgery
Authors: Palazzolo Laura , Kozlova Anna , Laudi John J. , Rizzuti Allison E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction The aim of this study is to determine if prior experience with fine motor hobbies influences a surgeon-in-training's performance on a cataract surgical simulator.Materials and Methods Medical students (n = 70) performed navigation, forceps, and capsulorhexis simulations using the Eyesi Ophthalmosurgical Simulator. Participants were surveyed regarding fine motor hobby experiences, including musical instruments, video games, sewing, knitting, origami, painting, crafting, jewelry making, drawing, and extracurricular dissection.Results Medical students with extracurricular dissection experience, including work in research laboratories involving microscopic animal dissection, did significantly better on the forceps simulator task (p = 0.009). Medical students with drawing experience performed better on capsulorhexis (p = 0.031). No other fine motor hobbies were significant for improving simulator scores.Conclusion Drawing and extracurricular dissection lend to improved technical ability on the cataract surgical simulator. This research continues the conversation regarding fine motor hobbies that correlate with microsurgical ability and adds to the growing area of research regarding the selection and training of ophthalmology residents.
Epigastric Hernias in Children: A Personal Series and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Tinawi Georges K. , Stringer Mark D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEpigastric hernias are relatively uncommon in children, and there is a paucity of literature on their incidence, presenting features, natural history, and surgical outcomes. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Articles describing the incidence, outcome, and interventions for pediatric epigastric hernias, both open and laparoscopic, were analyzed. Eight relevant articles published between 1975 and 2019 were included in the analysis. Of 81 children, 58% were females, 35% were symptomatic and 8% were multiple. All hernias contained preperitoneal fat only and were repaired using standard open surgery or laparoscopic techniques. No recurrences were recorded. In a personal series of 37 hernias in 36 children of median age 4 years, there were no recurrences; however, this series included two children with a recurrent or persistent epigastric hernia after surgery by others. Epigastric hernias in children are relatively uncommon. They typically contain only preperitoneal fat but more than a third are symptomatic. Standard open repair can be undertaken with minimal morbidity. Laparoscopic repair takes longer and provides a marginal cosmetic benefit.
Posterolateral Fractures of the Tibial Plateau Revisited: A Simplified Treatment Algorithm
Authors: Giordano Vincenzo , Pires Robinson Esteves , Pimenta Frederico Silva , Campos Túlio Vinícius de Oliveira , Andrade Marco Antônio Percope de , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh-energy fractures of the proximal tibia with extensive fragmentation of the posterolateral (PL) quadrant of the tibial plateau are challenging to manage. Herein, we present a review of the literature on the patterns and options of approach and fixation of the PL fragment of the tibial plateau to optimize the treatment of this specific injury pattern. We searched PubMed (1980–May 2020) to identify and summarize the most relevant articles evaluating both the morphology and treatment recommendations, including the choice of approach and fixation strategy, for the PL tibial plateau fracture. We found PL fragment can present in several patterns as a pure split, split depression, contained pure depression, and noncontained depression (rim crush), which are mostly determined by the position of the knee and the force magnitude applied during the course of the accident. Based on previous concepts described by Schatzker and Kfuri, we suggest a simplified treatment algorithm highlighting the two concepts (buttressing and containment) used for plating the PL tibial plateau fragments. Based on the available current evidence, we propose an algorithm for these two morphological types of PL tibial plateau fracture. Shear-type fractures need buttressing (the “rule of thumb”), whereas noncontained peripheral rim-type fractures need peripheral repair and containment. Contained pure depression fractures are not frequent and need percutaneous-assisted elevation and subchondral rafting, either controlled by fluoroscopy or arthroscopically. It is believed that such an approach would simplify their assessment and preoperative planning and would assist the clinicians to appreciate and manage more consistently these complex injuries.
Reversing the direction of drug transport mediated by the human multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein
Authors: Sajid Andaleeb , Lusvarghi Sabrina , Murakami Megumi , Chufan Eduardo E. , Abel Biebele , Gottesman Michael M. , Durell Stewart R. , Ambudkar Suresh V. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein protects tissues from xenobiotics and other toxic compounds by pumping them out of cells. This transporter has been implicated in altering the bioavailability of chemotherapeutic drugs and in the development of multidrug resistance in tumor cells. Despite decades of research, the modulation of P-glycoprotein to overcome drug resistance in the clinic has not been successful. Here, by substituting a group of 14 conserved residues in homologous transmembrane helices 6 and 12 with alanine, we generated a mutant that exhibits a change in the direction of transport from export to import for certain drug substrates including the taxol derivative flutax-1. The ability to convert P-glycoprotein into a drug importer provides a strategy to combat cancer drug resistance.
Decisive effects of atomic vacancies and structural ordering on stable phases and band structures in copper–gallium–chalcogenide compounds
Authors: Chen Xi , Liu Wenjie , Duan Yifeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Atomic vacancies usually exist in the Cu–Ga–S ternary system, except for chalcopyrite CuGaS2 as a promising light-harvesting material for solar cells, and are expected to have decisive effects on the structure stability and electronic structure. We demonstrate that ordered arrangements of the straight lines locally formed by atomic vacancies prefer a stable structure through lowering the formation energy. Accidentally, we confirm that a metastable van der Waals P21/c-Cu2S phase shares better optical properties than newly-found ground-state P42-Cu2S, and possesses the photovoltaic-potentially direct band gap of 1.09 eV. We find anomalous changes in band gap induced by varying chemical composition and applying pressure, according to the variation in p–d coupling between S and Cu atoms. Our Monte Carlo simulations together with the special quasirandom structures further suggest that the band gap of CuGaS2 can be tuned continuously from 2.51 eV for the chalcopyrite phase to 0.13 eV for the fully disordered configuration by controlling the degree of ordering, which determined by the synthesis temperature and annealing time experimentally.
Simulation of positive streamers in CO2 and in air: the role of photoionization or other electron sources
Authors: Bagheri Behnaz , Teunissen Jannis , Ebert Ute 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Positive streamer discharges have been studied and modelled extensively in air. Here we study positive streamers in CO2 with and without oxygen admixtures; they are relevant for current high voltage technology as well as for discharges in the atmosphere of Venus. We discuss that no efficient photoionization mechanism is known for gases with a large CO2 fraction, as photons in the relevant energy range are rapidly absorbed. Hence positive streamers can propagate only due to some other source of free electrons ahead of the ionization front. Therefore we study positive streamer propagation in CO2 with different levels of background ionization to provide these free electrons. The effect of replacing photoionization by background ionization is studied with simulations in air. Simulating streamers in background fields of 16 to 20 kV cm−1 at standard temperature and pressure within a gap of 6.4 cm, we find that streamer propagation is rather insensitive to the level of photoionization or background ionization. We also discuss that the results depend not only on the value of breakdown field and applied electric field, and on preionization or photoionization, but also on the electron mobility μ(E) and the effective ionization coefficient α
eff(E), that are gas-dependent functions of the electron energy or the electric field.