bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Arterial Oxygen Level and Outcome in Neurocritically Ill Patients is not Affected by Blood Pressure
Authors: Humaloja Jaana , Skrifvars Markus B. , Raj Rahul , Wilkman Erika , Pekkarinen Pirkka T. , Bendel Stepani , Reinikainen Matti , Litonius Erik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn neurocritically ill patients, one early mechanism behind secondary brain injury is low systemic blood pressure resulting in inadequate cerebral perfusion and consequent hypoxia. Intuitively, higher partial pressures of arterial oxygen (PaO2) could be protective in case of inadequate cerebral circulation related to hemodynamic instability.Study purposeWe examined whether the association between PaO2and mortality is different in patients with low compared to normal and high mean arterial pressure (MAP) in patients after various types of brain injury.MethodsWe screened the Finnish Intensive Care Consortium database for mechanically ventilated adult (≥ 18) brain injury patients treated in several tertiary intensive care units (ICUs) between 2003 and 2013. Admission diagnoses included traumatic brain injury, cardiac arrest, subarachnoid and intracranial hemorrhage, and acute ischemic stroke. The primary exposures of interest were PaO2(recorded in connection with the lowest measured PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio) and the lowest MAP, recorded during the first 24 h in the ICU. PaO2was grouped as follows: hypoxemia (< 8.2 kPa, the lowest 10th percentile), normoxemia (8.2–18.3 kPa), and hyperoxemia (> 18.3 kPa, the highest 10th percentile), and MAP was divided into equally sized tertiles (< 60, 60–68, and > 68 mmHg). The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. We tested the association between hyperoxemia, MAP, and mortality with a multivariable logistic regression model, including the PaO2, MAP, and interaction of PaO2*MAP, adjusting for age, admission diagnosis, premorbid physical performance, vasoactive use, intracranial pressure monitoring use, and disease severity. The relationship between predicted 1-year mortality and PaO2was visualized with locally weighted scatterplot smoothing curves (Loess) for different MAP levels.ResultsFrom a total of 8290 patients, 3912 (47%) were dead at 1 year. PaO2was not an independent predictor of mortality: the odds ratio (OR) for hyperoxemia was 1.16 (95% CI 0.85–1.59) and for hypoxemia 1.24 (95% CI 0.96–1.61) compared to normoxemia. Higher MAP predicted lower mortality: OR for MAP 60–68 mmHg was 0.73 (95% CI 0.64–0.84) and for MAP > 68 mmHg 0.80 (95% CI 0.69–0.92) compared to MAP < 60 mmHg. The interaction term PaO2*MAP was nonsignificant. In Loess visualization, the relationship between PaO2and predicted mortality appeared similar in all MAP tertiles.ConclusionsDuring the first 24 h of ICU treatment in mechanically ventilated brain injured patients, the association between PaO2and mortality was not different in patients with low compared to normal MAP.
Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance
Authors: Reiter Thomas , Nackenhorst Maja 
Published: January 2021

SummaryMonoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) encompasses a group of kidney disorders in which a monoclonal immunoglobulin secreted by a B cell or plasma cell clone causes renal damage, without meeting hematological criteria for malignancy. The underlying disorder in patients with MGRS is generally consistent with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Because of the wide spectrum of MGRS-associated diseases, defined through the location and mechanism of renal injury, it is often challenging to establish the right diagnosis. Kidney biopsy must be considered early; hence, close cooperation between hematologist and nephrologists is crucial in diagnosis and treatment from the beginning to prevent irreversible organ damage. Anti B‑cell or plasma-cell clone directed therapy with cytostatic or immunomodulatory agents can save and ameliorate renal function significantly. This is underlined by the fact that, untreated, MGRS-associated disease shows early recurrence in patients after kidney transplantation.
Externalizing the threat from within: A new direction for researching associations between suicide and psychotic experiences
Authors: Murphy Jamie , Shevlin Mark , Arseneault Louise , Bentall Richard , Caspi Avshalom , Danese Andrea , Hyland Philip , Moffitt Terrie E. , Fisher Helen L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA recent suicidal drive hypothesis posits that psychotic experiences (PEs) may serve to externalize internally generated and self-directed threat (i.e., self-injurious/suicidal behavior [SIB]) in order to optimize survival; however, it must first be demonstrated that such internal threat can both precede and inform PEs. The current study conducted the first known bidirectional analysis of SIB and PEs to test whether SIB could be considered as a plausible antecedent for PEs. Prospective data were utilized from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative birth cohort of 2232 twins, that captured SIB (any self-harm or suicidal attempt) and PEs at ages 12 and 18 years. Cross-lagged panel models demonstrated that the association between SIB at age 12 and PEs at age 18 was as strong as the association between PEs at age 12 and SIB at age 18. Indeed, the best representation of the data was a model where these paths were constrained to be equal (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.63–3.79). Clinical interview case notes for those who reported both SIB and PEs at age 18, revealed that PEs were explicitly characterized by SIB/threat/death-related content for 39% of cases. These findings justify further investigation of the suicidal drive hypothesis.
Functional mutants of Azospirillum brasilense elicit beneficial physiological and metabolic responses in Zea mays contributing to increased host iron assimilation
Authors: Housh A B , Powell G , Scott S , Anstaett A , Gerheart A , Benoit M , Waller S , Powell A , Guthrie J M , Higgins B , Wilder S L , Schueller M J , Ferrieri R A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Iron (Fe), an essential element for plant growth, is abundant in soil but with low bioavailability. Thus, plants developed specialized mechanisms to sequester the element. Beneficial microbes have recently become a favored method to promote plant growth through increased uptake of essential micronutrients, like Fe, yet little is known of their mechanisms of action. Functional mutants of the epiphytic bacterium Azospirillum brasilense, a prolific grass-root colonizer, were used to examine mechanisms for promoting iron uptake in Zea mays. Mutants included HM053, FP10, and ipdC, which have varying capacities for biological nitrogen fixation and production of the plant hormone auxin. Using radioactive iron-59 tracing and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we documented significant differences in host uptake of Fe2+/3+ correlating with mutant biological function. Radioactive carbon-11, administered to plants as 11CO2, provided insights into shifts in host usage of ‘new’ carbon resources in the presence of these beneficial microbes. Of the mutants examined, HM053 exhibited the greatest influence on host Fe uptake with increased plant allocation of 11C-resources to roots where they were transformed and exuded as 11C-acidic substrates to aid in Fe-chelation, and increased C-11 partitioning into citric acid, nicotianamine and histidine to aid in the in situ translocation of Fe once assimilated.
Transcriptional activators YAP/TAZ and AXL orchestrate dedifferentiation, cell fate, and metastasis in human osteosarcoma
Authors: Lamhamedi-Cherradi Salah-Eddine , Mohiuddin Sana , Mishra Dhruva K. , Krishnan Sandhya , Velasco Alejandra Ruiz , Vetter Amelia M. , Pence Kristi , McCall David , Truong Danh D. , Cuglievan Branko , Menegaz Brian A. , Utama Budi , Daw Najat C. , Molina Eric R. , Zielinski Rafal J. , Livingston John A. , Gorlick Richard , Mikos Antonios G. , Kim Min P. , Ludwig Joseph A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a molecularly heterogeneous, aggressive, poorly differentiated pediatric bone cancer that frequently spreads to the lung. Relatively little is known about phenotypic and epigenetic changes that promote lung metastases. To identify key drivers of metastasis, we studied human CCH-OS-D OS cells within a previously described rat acellular lung (ACL) model that preserves the native lung architecture, extracellular matrix, and capillary network. This system identified a subset of cells—termed derived circulating tumor cells (dCTCs)—that can migrate, intravasate, and spread within a bioreactor-perfused capillary network. Remarkably, dCTCs highly expressed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as ZEB1, TWIST, and SOX9, which suggests that they undergo cellular reprogramming toward a less differentiated state by coopting the same epigenetic machinery used by carcinomas. Since YAP/TAZ and AXL tightly regulate the fate and plasticity of normal mesenchymal cells in response to microenvironmental cues, we explored whether these proteins contributed to OS metastatic potential using an isogenic pair of human OS cell lines that differ in AXL expression. We show that AXL inhibition significantly reduced the number of MG63.2 pulmonary metastases in murine models. Collectively, we present a laboratory-based method to detect and characterize a pure population of dCTCs, which provides a unique opportunity to study how OS cell fate and differentiation contributes to metastatic potential. Though the important step of clinical validation remains, our identification of AXL, ZEB1, and TWIST upregulation raises the tantalizing prospect that EMT-TF-directed therapies might expand the arsenal of therapies used to combat advanced-stage OS.
Efficient IL-2R signaling differentially affects the stability, function, and composition of the regulatory T-cell pool
Authors: Permanyer Marc , Bošnjak Berislav , Glage Silke , Friedrichsen Michaela , Floess Stefan , Huehn Jochen , Patzer Gwendolyn E. , Odak Ivan , Eckert Nadine , Zargari Razieh , Ospina-Quintero Laura , Georgiev Hristo , Förster Reinhold 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSignaling via interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a requisite for regulatory T (Treg) cell identity and function. However, it is not completely understood to what degree IL-2R signaling is required for Treg cell homeostasis, lineage stability and function in both resting and inflammatory conditions. Here, we characterized a spontaneous mutant mouse strain endowed with a hypomorphic Tyr129His variant of CD25, the α-chain of IL-2R, which resulted in diminished receptor expression and reduced IL-2R signaling. Under noninflammatory conditions, Cd25Y129H mice harbored substantially lower numbers of peripheral Treg cells with stable Foxp3 expression that prevented the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease. In contrast, Cd25Y129H Treg cells failed to efficiently induce immune suppression and lost lineage commitment in a T-cell transfer colitis model, indicating that unimpaired IL-2R signaling is critical for Treg cell function in inflammatory environments. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing of Treg cells revealed that impaired IL-2R signaling profoundly affected the balance of central and effector Treg cell subsets. Thus, partial loss of IL-2R signaling differentially interferes with the maintenance, heterogeneity, and suppressive function of the Treg cell pool.
Daily supplementation with the Lab4P probiotic consortium induces significant weight loss in overweight adults
Authors: Michael D. R. , Davies T. S. , Jack A. A. , Masetti G. , Marchesi J. R. , Wang D. , Mullish B. H. , Plummer S. F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis 9-month randomised, parallel, double-blind, single-centre, placebo-controlled study (PROBE, ISRCTN18030882) assessed the impact of probiotic supplementation on bodyweight. Seventy overweight Bulgarian participants aged 45–65 years with BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2 received a daily dose of the Lab4P probiotic comprising lactobacilli and bifidobacteria (50 billion cfu/day). Participants maintained their normal diet and lifestyle over the duration of the study. The primary outcome was change from baseline in body weight and secondary outcomes included changes in waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure. A significant between group decrease in body weight (3.16 kg, 95% CI 3.94, 2.38, p < 0.0001) was detected favouring the probiotic group. Supplementation also resulted in significant between group decreases in waist circumference (2.58 cm, 95% CI 3.23, 1.94, p < 0.0001) and hip circumference (2.66 cm, 95% CI 3.28, 2.05, p < 0.0001) but no changes in blood pressure were observed. These findings support the outcomes of a previous shorter-term Lab4P intervention study in overweight and obese participants (PROMAGEN, ISRCTN12562026). We conclude that Lab4P has consistent weight modulation capability in free-living overweight adults.
A data‐driven measurement placement to evaluate the well‐being of distribution systems operation
Authors: Jafarian Mohammad , Soroudi Alireza , Keane Andrew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe widespread integration of intelligent electronic devices has facilitated the employment of data mining methods in evaluating the operating condition of distribution systems. This possibility comes to prominence in active networks, where distributed energy resources can cause unforeseen dynamics that requires an effective monitoring infrastructure and a fast‐track procedure to convey the system operating condition in a comprehensible manner to the operator. To this end, a data‐driven approach is proposed to assess the status of system operating constraints by presenting each constraint as a classification problem. Afterwards, by exploiting the propounded presentation of the system operating condition, the measurement placement problem in distribution systems is addressed as selecting a set of features that have the most contribution to evaluating the system operating status . To do so, first, the effectiveness of the measurement units is identified through their contribution to the classification process, and then a procedure is proposed to pinpoint the measurement units with redundant information. Monte–Carlo simulations are performed to provide a comprehensive training set. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and time‐series power flows demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Small amount of TiO2 modified SnO2 with enhanced photocatalytic performance toward the removal of rhodamine B
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yang Hu , Zou Wei 
Published: January 2021

Tin dioxide (SnO2) photocatalyst has broad prospects for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants; however, its practical application is greatly hampered by poor activity due to the high recombination rates of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. In this work, titania (TiO2) modified SnO2 photocatalysts were obtained by a facile hydrothermal method to suppress the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs and improve the photocatalytic activity. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis)_ diffuse reflectance spectra suggest that TiO2–SnO2 composite photocatalysts hold stronger UV light absorption ability than that of the pure SnO2. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy and photoelectrochemistry results show that the separation rate of photogenerated charge pairs of TiO2–SnO2 photocatalysts was greatly enhanced. The photocatalytic activities of the photocatalysts were evaluated by the decay of rhodamine B (RhB) under UV irradiation illumination. The results display that modification of SnO2 by TiO2 can largely enhance the photocatalytic activity and the photocatalytic performance of 0.5:1‐TS sample is nearly 5 times that of the pure SnO2. Moreover, maintaining the ratio of TiO2 and SnO2 at 0.5:1, the amount of catalyst was 30 mg, the concentration of dye was 10 mg/l, and the pH of RhB solution was 2, the sample has the best photocatalytic activity.
Impact of non-gravitational effects on chaotic properties of retrograde orbits
Authors: Kankiewicz Paweł , Włodarczyk Ireneusz 
Published: January 2021

Context.Dynamical studies of asteroid populations in retrograde orbits, that is with orbital inclinations greater than 90 degrees, are interesting because the origin of such orbits is still unexplained. Generally, the population of retrograde asteroids includes mostly Centaurs and transneptunian objects. A special case is the near-Earth object (343158) 2009 HC82 from the Apollo group. Another interesting object is the comet 333P/LINEAR, which for several years was considered the second retrograde object approaching Earth. Another comet in retrograde orbit, 161P Hartley/IRAS appears to be an object of similar type. Thanks to the large amount of observational data for these two comets, we tested various models of cometary non-gravitational forces applied to their dynamics.Aims.The goal was to estimate which of non-gravitational perturbations could affect the stability of retrograde bodies. In principle, we study the local stability by measuring the divergence of nearby orbits.Methods.We numerically determined Lyapunov characteristic indicators and the associated Lyapunov times (LT). This time, our calculations of these parameters were extended by more advanced models of non-gravitational perturbations (i.e. Yarkovsky drift and in selected cases cometary forces). This allowed us to estimate chaos in the Lyapunov sense.Results.We found that the Yarkovsky effect for obliquities ofγ= 0° andγ= 180° can change the LT substantially. In most cases, for the prograde rotation, we received more stable solutions. Moreover, we confirmed the role of retrograde resonances in this process. Additionally, the studied cometary effects also significantly influence the long-term behaviour of the selected comets. The LT can reach values from 100 to over 1000 yr.Conclusions.All of our results indicate that the use of models with non-gravitational effects for retrograde bodies is clearly justified.
Forward coherent ω and ϕ mesons production in the photonuclear reaction on nuclei
Authors: Das Swapan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The differential cross sections of the forward coherent ω and ϕ mesons photoproduction from nuclei have been calculated using the Glauber model for the nuclear reaction. The measured cross section of the elementary reaction, i.e., γ
N → ω(ϕ)N reaction, are used as input in the Glauber model. The experimentally determined free-space scattering parameters of these mesons have been used to evaluate the meson nucleus interactions. The sensitivity of the cross section to the Fermi-motion and short-range correlation of the nucleon in the nucleus are studied. The calculated results are compared with the measured cross sections.
Arrhenius activation energy theory in radiative flow of Maxwell nanofluid
Authors: Rafiq K , Irfan M , Khan M , Anwar M S , A Khan W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Recently, nanofluids are habitually proficient to provide a process to intensify the probable heat transport of a structure with quite rare harmful influences formed by its addition. The usage of nanofluids and their optimum attentions has develop a range of prodigious concern with diverse nanofluid applications existence key to a structures attainment or interruption. Here the phenomena of activation energy and radiation in chemically reactive stagnation point Maxwell nanofluid have been elaborated. The magnetic properties with the influence of chemical reaction is also explored. The thermophoretic and Brownian dispersal are incorporated by utilizing the theory of Buongiorno model. The suitable conversions yield PDEs into ODEs. The facets of momentous parameters are examined via homotopic algorithm. The Brownian motion factor reports conflicting impact on temperature and concentration fields, respectively. The concentration field enhances for activation energy factor and decays for fitted rate constant. The Nusselt number decays for higher thermophoretic and Brownian factors.
Dynamic characteristic of a new fractional-order chaotic system based on the Hopfield Neural Network and its digital circuit implementation
Authors: Yang Feifei , Wang Xingyuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this paper, based on the principle of activation function between the neurons, we designed a Hopfield neural network (HNN) chaotic system. And then we defined a fractional-order HNN chaotic system by Caputo definition. The solution of the fractional-order HNN chaotic system is calculated by Adomain decomposition method (ADM). Then the dynamic performances of the fractional-order HNN chaotic system are analyzed through attractor phase diagram, bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponent spectrum, fractal dimension, chaotic diagram and SE complexity. In addition, the system is digital circuit implemented based on DSP platform. The experimental results show that the fractional-order HNN chaotic system not only has rich dynamic behavior, but also has complex nonlinear phenomena such as attractor coexistence which is sensitive to initial value. Therefore, this system has good potential application value, it can be used as multi-source pseudo-random number generator, and the generated pseudo-random sequence can be used in chaotic cryptography and secure communication.
The intrinsic SFRF and sSFRF of galaxies: comparing SDSS observation with IllustrisTNG simulation
Authors: Zhao Ping , Xu Haojie , Katsianis Antonios , Yang Xiao-Hu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe star formation rate function (SFRF) and specific star formation rate function (sSFRF) from observations are impacted by the Eddington bias, due to uncertainties in the estimated star formation rate (SFR). We develop a novel method to correct the Eddington bias and obtain the intrinsic SFRF and sSFRF from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7. The intrinsic SFRF is in good agreement with measurements from previous data in the literature that relied on UV SFRs but its high star-forming end is slightly lower than the corresponding IR and radio tracers. We demonstrate that the intrinsic sSFRF from SDSS has a bimodal form with one peak found at sSFR ∼ 10−9.7yr−1representing the star-forming objects while the other peak is found at sSFR ∼ 10−12yr−1representing the quenched population. Furthermore, we compare our observations with the predictions from the IllustrisTNG and Illustris simulations and affirm that the “TNG” model performs much better than its predecessor. However, we show that the simulated SFRF and CSFRD of TNG simulations are highly dependent on resolution, reflecting the limitations of the model and today’s state-of-the-art simulations. We demonstrate that the bimodal, two peaked sSFRF implied by the SDSS observations does not appear in TNG regardless of the adopted box-size or resolution. This tension reflects the need for inclusion of an additional efficient quenching mechanism in the TNG model.