bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative Beziehungsaspekte und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten
Authors: Adebahr Philip 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungNegative Beziehungsaspekte (engl. negative ties) sind spannungsgeladene Interaktionsmuster, die von einer Person (Ego) als belastend wahrgenommen werden. Sie sind aus Netzwerk-, sozialer Ungleichheits- und Gesundheitsforschung gleichermaßen relevant, jedoch wenig untersucht. Dass ihre Untersuchung notwendig ist, argumentieren beispielsweise Gleason und Iida (2015). So geht geleistete soziale Unterstützung eher mit besserer Gesundheit einher. Paradoxerweise sind bei engen sozialen Beziehungen häufig negative Stimmung und Gesundheitsprobleme zu beobachten (ebd. S. 351 in Anlehnung an Uchino 2009). Dies legt nahe, negativen Beziehungsaspekte mit zu analysieren um jene Gesundheitseffekte erklären zu können (vgl. Gleason, Iida 2015, S. 365). Die zentrale Aufgabe des vorliegenden Kapitels besteht nun darin, den Forschungsstand über den Beitrag negativer Beziehung zur Reproduktion gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit zu eruieren. Nachdem im ersten Abschnitt das Konzept von negativen Beziehungen dargelegt wird, wird in Abschn. 2 der Zusammenhang zwischen negativen Beziehungen und verschiedenen Gesundheitsparametern umrissen. Mit der Frage, inwiefern dieser Einfluss sozial ungleich verteilt ist, befasst sich Abschn. 3. Der Beitrag schließt in Abschn. 4 mit einer Zusammenfassung und einem Ausblick, in dem wesentlichen Desiderata zur Forschung über negative Beziehungsaspekte und gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit angesprochen werden.
Soziale Netzwerke, familiales Sozialkapital und kindliche Gesundheit
Authors: Lois Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung

Soziale Kindernetzwerke bestehen im engsten Kreis vorwiegend aus Mitgliedern der Kernfamilie (Eltern, Geschwister) und im erweiterten Kreis aus weiteren Familienmitgliedern wie Großeltern und Freunden. Netzwerkgröße und Anteil der Freunde im Netzwerk steigen mit dem Alter.

Ein Literaturüberblick zeigt, dass die kindliche Gesundheit sowohl direkt durch das soziale Netzwerk des Kindes beeinflusst wird als auch indirekt durch das soziale Netzwerk der Eltern.

Von den verschiedenen theoretischen Mechanismen, die zur Erklärung dieser Befunde infrage kommen – z. B. soziale Unterstützung, soziale Ansteckung oder soziale Kontrolle –, ist der Unterstützungsmechanismus am besten empirisch bestätigt. Allerdings sind „echte“ Netzwerkstudien, in denen Familiennetzwerke namensbasiert aufgespannt werden, im hier betrachteten Altersbereich eher selten.

Familiales Sozialkapital korreliert in westlichen Industrienationen positiv mit den sozioökonomischen Ressourcen der Eltern. Für Schwellen- und Entwicklungsländer zeigt sich, dass die kindliche Gesundheit hier verstärkt vom Vorhandensein sozialer Unterstützung abhängig ist.
Modeling population heterogeneity from microbial communities to immune response in cells
Authors: Pecht Tal , Aschenbrenner Anna C. , Ulas Thomas , Succurro Antonella 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeterogeneity is universally observed in all natural systems and across multiple scales. Understanding population heterogeneity is an intriguing and attractive topic of research in different disciplines, including microbiology and immunology. Microbes and mammalian immune cells present obviously rather different system-specific biological features. Nevertheless, as typically occurs in science, similar methods can be used to study both types of cells. This is particularly true for mathematical modeling, in which key features of a system are translated into algorithms to challenge our mechanistic understanding of the underlying biology. In this review, we first present a broad overview of the experimental developments that allowed observing heterogeneity at the single cell level. We then highlight how this “data revolution” requires the parallel advancement of algorithms and computing infrastructure for data processing and analysis, and finally present representative examples of computational models of population heterogeneity, from microbial communities to immune response in cells.
Neural correlates of visual aesthetic appreciation: insights from non-invasive brain stimulation
Authors: Cattaneo Zaira 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuring the last decade, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been increasingly employed in the field of neuroaesthetics research to shed light on the possible causal role of different brain regions contributing to aesthetic appreciation. Here, I review studies that have employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to investigate neurocognitive mechanisms mediating visual aesthetic appreciation for different stimuli categories (faces, bodies, paintings). The review first considers studies that have assessed the possible causal contribution of cortical regions in mediating aesthetic appreciation along the visual ventral and dorsal pathways (i.e., the extrastriate body area, the motion-sensitive region V5/MT+ , the lateral occipital complex and the posterior parietal cortex). It then considers TMS and tDCS studies that have targeted premotor and motor regions, as well as other areas involved in body and facial expression processing (such as the superior temporal sulcus and the somatosensory cortex) to assess their role in aesthetic evaluation. Finally, it discusses studies that have targeted medial and dorsolateral prefrontal regions leading to significant changes in aesthetic appreciation for both biological stimuli (faces and bodies) and artworks. Possible mechanisms mediating stimulation effects on aesthetic judgments are discussed. A final section considers both methodological limitations of the reviewed studies (including levels of statistical power and the need for further replication) and the future potential for non-invasive brain stimulation to significantly contribute to the understanding of the neural bases of visual aesthetic experiences.
The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource Program 2003–2018: reflections and outlook
Authors: Martini Sheridan , Nielsen Morten , Peters Bjoern , Sette Alessandro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) contains information related to antibodies and T cells across an expansive scope of research fields (infectious diseases, allergy, autoimmunity, and transplantation). Capture and representation of the data to reflect growing scientific standards and techniques have required continual refinement of our rigorous curation and query and reporting processes beginning with the automated classification of over 28 million PubMed abstracts, and resulting in easily searchable data from over 20,000 published manuscripts. Data related to MHC binding and elution, nonpeptidics, natural processing, receptors, and 3D structure is first captured through manual curation and subsequently maintained through recuration to reflect evolving scientific standards. Upon promotion to the free, public database, users can query and export records of specific relevance via the online web portal which undergoes iterative development to best enable efficient data access. In parallel, the companion Analysis Resource site hosts a variety of tools that assist in the bioinformatic analyses of epitopes and related structures, which can be applied to IEDB-derived and independent datasets alike. Available tools are classified into two categories: analysis and prediction. Analysis tools include epitope clustering, sequence conservancy, and more, while prediction tools cover T and B cell epitope binding, immunogenicity, and TCR/BCR structures. In addition to these tools, benchmarking servers which allow for unbiased performance comparison are also offered. In order to expand and support the user-base of both the database and Analysis Resource, the research team actively engages in community outreach through publication of ongoing work, conference attendance and presentations, hosting of user workshops, and the provision of online help. This review provides a description of the IEDB database infrastructure, curation and recuration processes, query and reporting capabilities, the Analysis Resource, and our Community Outreach efforts, including assessment of the impact of the IEDB across the research community.
Abnormal pattern of brain glucose metabolism in Parkinson’s disease: replication in three European cohorts
Authors: Meles Sanne K. , Renken Remco J. , Pagani Marco , Teune L. K. , Arnaldi Dario , Morbelli Silvia , Nobili Flavio , van Laar Teus , Obeso Jose A. , Rodríguez-Oroz Maria C. , Leenders Klaus L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rationale
In Parkinson’s disease (PD), spatial covariance analysis of 18F-FDG PET data has consistently revealed a characteristic PD-related brain pattern (PDRP). By quantifying PDRP expression on a scan-by-scan basis, this technique allows objective assessment of disease activity in individual subjects. We provide a further validation of the PDRP by applying spatial covariance analysis to PD cohorts from the Netherlands (NL), Italy (IT), and Spain (SP).

Methods
The PDRPNL was previously identified (17 controls, 19 PD) and its expression was determined in 19 healthy controls and 20 PD patients from the Netherlands. The PDRPIT was identified in 20 controls and 20 “de-novo” PD patients from an Italian cohort. A further 24 controls and 18 “de-novo” Italian patients were used for validation. The PDRPSP was identified in 19 controls and 19 PD patients from a Spanish cohort with late-stage PD. Thirty Spanish PD patients were used for validation. Patterns of the three centers were visually compared and then cross-validated. Furthermore, PDRP expression was determined in 8 patients with multiple system atrophy.

Results
A PDRP could be identified in each cohort. Each PDRP was characterized by relative hypermetabolism in the thalamus, putamen/pallidum, pons, cerebellum, and motor cortex. These changes co-varied with variable degrees of hypometabolism in posterior parietal, occipital, and frontal cortices. Frontal hypometabolism was less pronounced in “de-novo” PD subjects (Italian cohort). Occipital hypometabolism was more pronounced in late-stage PD subjects (Spanish cohort). PDRPIT, PDRPNL, and PDRPSP were significantly expressed in PD patients compared with controls in validation cohorts from the same center (P < 0.0001), and maintained significance on cross-validation (P < 0.005). PDRP expression was absent in MSA.

Conclusion
The PDRP is a reproducible disease characteristic across PD populations and scanning platforms globally. Further study is needed to identify the topography of specific PD subtypes, and to identify and correct for center-specific effects.
The relationship between the pattern of shift work and sleep disturbances in Korean firefighters
Authors: Jang Tae-Won , Jeong Kyoung Sook , Ahn Yeon-Soon , Choi Kyeong-Sook 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Sleep disturbances are prevalent in firefighters, but the relationship between patterns of shift work and sleep disturbances has not yet been investigated. Here, this relationship has been evaluated in Korean firefighters.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire, which captured demographic, psychosocial and work-related characteristics. Sleep disturbance was assessed using the insomnia severity index (ISI). The relationship between insomnia and work-related factors (including type of shift work and the frequency of emergency events and off-duty work which means overtime work on off days) was analyzed.

Results
A total of 9810 firefighters completed the survey, representing approximately 21.5% of all Korean firefighters; data from 9738 subjects were included in the analysis. All firefighter roles were significantly associated with insomnia; the odds ratio (OR) was 2.456 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.461–4.128) for fire suppression and 1.871 (95% CI 1.105–3.167) for the emergency medical services and rescue. However, the pattern of shift work did not show a statistically significant relationship. The OR increased along with the frequency of emergency events and off-duty work (p value for trend < 0.05).

Conclusions
This study found a significant association between the frequency of emergency and off-duty work and insomnia in Korean firefighters, whereas the pattern of shift work showed no significant relationship. Therefore, measures to reduce the frequency of emergency and off-duty work are required to prevent sleep disturbances in firefighters.
Short-term isothermic heat acclimation elicits beneficial adaptations but medium-term elicits a more complete adaptation
Authors: Moss Jodie N. , Bayne Freya M. , Castelli Federico , Naughton Mitchell R. , Reeve Thomas C. , Trangmar Steven J. , Mackenzie Richard W. A. , Tyler Christopher J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effects of 60 min daily, short-term (STHA) and medium-term (MTHA) isothermic heat acclimation (HA) on the physiological and perceptual responses to exercise heat stress.

Methods
Sixteen, ultra-endurance runners (female = 3) visited the laboratory on 13 occasions. A 45 min sub-maximal (40% Wmax) cycling heat stress test (HST) was completed in the heat (40 °C, 50% relative humidity) on the first (HSTPRE), seventh (HSTSTHA) and thirteenth (HSTMTHA) visit. Participants completed 5 consecutive days of a 60 min isothermic HA protocol (target Tre 38.5 °C) between HSTPRE and HSTSTHA and 5 more between HSTSTHA and HSTMTHA. Heart rate (HR), rectal (Tre), skin (Tsk) and mean body temperature (Tbody), perceived exertion (RPE), thermal comfort (TC) and sensation (TS) were recorded every 5 min. During HSTs, cortisol was measured pre and post and expired air was collected at 15, 30 and 45 min.

Results
At rest, Tre and Tbody were lower in HSTSTHA and HSTMTHA compared to HSTPRE, but resting HR was not different between trials. Mean exercising Tre, Tsk, Tbody, and HR were lower in both HSTSTHA and HSTMTHA compared to HSTPRE. There were no differences between HSTSTHA and HSTMTHA. Perceptual measurements were lowered by HA and further reduced during HSTMTHA.

Conclusion
A 60 min a day isothermic STHA was successful at reducing physiological and perceptual strain experienced when exercising in the heat; however, MTHA offered a more complete adaptation.
The contradictory effect of macrophage-related cytokine expression in lumbar disc herniations: a systematic review
Authors: Djuric N. , Lafeber G. C. M. , Vleggeert-Lankamp C. L. A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Sciatic symptoms due to lumbar disc herniation are likely to be caused not solely by mechanical compression of the nerve root, but also by pain-inducing elements from inflammatory processes. Key components in the inflammatory reaction are M1 and M2 macrophages, with the M1 type being associated with pro-inflammatory processes and M2 with anti-inflammatory-processes.

Method
The present systematic review summarizes all studies on associations between M1 and M2 macrophages and their related inflammation factors and pain symptoms in lumbar disc herniations. Literature search was performed using an optimally sensitive search string. Studies were selected for inclusion by means of predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and subsequently graded for risk of bias. A total of 14 studies were included. Overall risk of bias was moderate (8/14), and three studies had high risk of bias and three has low risk of bias.

Results
Regarding M1-related cytokines, high levels of TNF-α, TNFR1, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ were all associated high VAS scores. In contrast, high levels of TNFR2 were associated with lower VAS scores. Moreover, no associations were found for IL-1a and IL-1β. Results regarding M2-related cytokines revealed the opposite: high levels of both IL-4 and IL-10 were associated with lower VAS scores. No associations were established for TGF-β. Moreover, the presence of macrophages (CD68) was negatively associated with VAS scores.

Conclusion
While M1-related pro-inflammatory cytokines worsen pain symptoms, M2-related anti-inflammatory cytokines alleviate pain symptoms. Nevertheless, the present evidence is limited, and further research on the underlying pathophysiological mechanism in sciatica is required.

Graphic abstract
These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
A multi-model, multi-scenario, and multi-domain analysis of regional climate projections for the Mediterranean
Authors: Zittis George , Hadjinicolaou Panos , Klangidou Marina , Proestos Yiannis , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObservation and model-based studies have identified the Mediterranean region as one of the most prominent climate change “hot-spots.” Parts of this distinctive region are included in several Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) domains such as those for Europe, Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East/North Africa. In this study, we compile and analyze monthly temperature and precipitation fields derived from regional climate model simulations performed over different CORDEX domains at a spatial resolution of 50 km. This unique multi-model, multi-scenario, and multi-domain “super-ensemble” is used to update projected changes for the Mediterranean region. The statistical robustness and significance of the climate change signal is assessed. By considering information from more than one CORDEX domains, our analysis addresses an additional type of uncertainty that is often neglected and is related to the positioning of the regional climate model domain. CORDEX simulations suggest a general warming by the end of the century (between 1 and 5 °C with respect to the 1986–2005 reference period), which is expected to be strongest during summer (up to 7 °C). A general drying (between 10 and 40%) is also inferred for the Mediterranean. However, the projected precipitation change signal is less significant and less robust. The CORDEX ensemble corroborates the fact that the Mediterranean is already entering the 1.5 °C climate warming era. It is expected to reach 2 °C warming well within two decades, unless strong greenhouse gas concentration reductions are implemented. The southern part of the Mediterranean is expected to be impacted most strongly since the CORDEX ensemble suggests substantial combined warming and drying, particularly for pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.
Contrasting effects of climate change on the European and global potential distributions of two Mediterranean helicoid terrestrial gastropods
Authors: Proćków Małgorzata , Konowalik Kamil , Proćków Jarosław 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPredicting the impacts of global climate change on the current and future distribution of alien or endangered species is an essential subject in macroecological studies. Although several investigations have been devoted to animal and plant species, few have addressed terrestrial gastropods. We employed spatial distribution modelling to construct European and global potential distribution ranges of two land snails (Cernuella virgataandHygromia cinctella) using current and future climate scenarios. Both species have been continuously spreading northward from the Mediterranean region, also being introduced to a few areas outside Europe. We found that under the current climate scenario, most presently occupied areas in Europe are also at high probability of future occurrence of these species. However, under four future climatic conditions, these snails will undergo contrasting scenarios.C.virgatawill have a large potential gain, likely due to rising temperatures and its weak fluctuations. In this species, global warming increases in potential area size, accompanied by its morphological and physiological adaptations to arid conditions and the ability to passively disperse, are likely to facilitate invasion into new regions of the world. In contrast, there is no significant change in the geographical distribution of colonisation-prone areas forH.cinctella. Our results demonstrate that wetter climatic conditions in the driest season and greater temperature variability will be key limiting factors of its distribution in the future. An understanding of colonisation patterns can help to better manage these invaders and also to formulate policies for their control.
Prognostic value of alkaline phosphatase in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mori Keiichiro , Janisch Florian , Parizi Mehdi Kardoust , Mostafaei Hadi , Lysenko Ivan , Enikeev Dmitry V. , Kimura Shoji , Egawa Shin , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the prognostic value of alkaline phosphatase in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the PUBMED, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus in April 2019 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they compared hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients with high vs. low alkaline phosphatase to determine its predictive value for overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and progression-free survival. We performed a formal meta-analysis of these outcomes.

Results
42 articles with 7938 patients were included in the systematic review and 28 studies with 5849 patients for the qualitative assessment. High alkaline phosphatase was associated with worse overall survival (pooled HR 1.72; 95% CI 1.37−2.14) and progression-free survival (pooled HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.10−1.54). In subgroup analyses of patients with “high-volume” and “low-volume”, alkaline phosphatase was associated with the overall survival (pooled HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.21−1.64 and pooled HR 1.64; 95% CI, 1.06−2.52, respectively).

Conclusions
In this meta-analysis, elevated serum levels of alkaline phosphatase were associated with an increased risk of overall mortality and disease progression in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. In contrast, those were not associated with an increased risk of cancer-specific mortality. Alkaline phosphatase was independently associated with overall survival in both patients with “high-volume” and “low-volume” hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Alkaline phosphatase may be useful for being integrated into prognostic tools that help guide treatment strategy, thereby facilitating the shared decision making process.
Tischner as a metapolitician
Authors: Wieczorek Krzysztof 
Published: November 2019

AbstractJózef Tischner, a Polish philosopher and a seasoned commentator on the political transformations associated with the decline of communism and the building of a new democratic order in the final decades of the twentieth century, was, and still is, a controversial figure. Some see him as a profound philosopher, others as a moral authority, while others see him as a political opponent. I discuss the question concerning where Józef Tischner drew the line between political engagement sensu stricto and metapolitics, which is philosophically and programmatically grounded and neutral to the differences in world views. I inquire whether it is legitimate to attribute to Tischner political views and sympathies sometimes referred to as left-wing Christian liberalism and whether these views influenced the structure and the main theses of Tischner’s metapolitical thought. I attempt a reconstruction of Tischner’s position and indicate its basis in the assumptions of Christian personalism, the philosophy of dialogue, and the ethics of solidarity.