bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Outbreak of Acute Respiratory Infection at a Training Base in Beijing, China Due to Human Adenovirus Type B55
Authors: Lu Guilan , Peng Xiaomin , Li Renqing , Liu Yimeng , Wu Zhanguo , Wang Xifeng , Zhang Daitao , Zhao Jiachen , Sun Ying , Zhang Li , Yang Peng , Wang Quanyi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Twelve students experienced symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI) at a training base in Beijing from August 26 to August 30, 2015. We investigated the cause of this ARI outbreak. Methods: In partnership with the local center for disease control, we collected a total of twelve pharyngeal swab specimens as well as demographic information for the affected patients. We used multiplex real-time PCR to screen for sixteen common respiratory viruses in these samples. To isolate HAdV, we inoculated Hep-2 cells with the human adenovirus (HAdV)-positive samples and then carried out sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the hexon, fiber, and penton genes of the isolated adenoviruses. In addition, we analyzed the entire genome of one strain isolated from the index case to identify single-nucleotide substitutions. Results: We identified ten HAdV-positive students using multiplex real-time PCR. None of the students were co-infected with other viruses. We successfully isolated seven HAdV strains from the pharyngeal swab specimens. The coding sequences of the hexon, fiber, and penton genes of these seven HAdV strains were identical, suggesting that they represented seven strains from a single virus clone. One HAdV isolate obtained from the index case, BJDX-01-2015, was selected for whole genome analysis. From this isolate, we obtained a 34,774-nucleotide sequence. The genome of BJDX-01-2015 clustered with HAdV-B55 in phylogenetic analyses and had 99.97% identity with human adenovirus 55 isolate HAdV-B/CHN/BJ01/2011/55 (GenBank accession no. JX491639). Conclusions: We identified HAdV-B55 as the strain associated with the August 2015 ARI outbreak at a training base in Beijing. This was the first reported outbreak in Beijing due to HAdV-B55. Continuous surveillance of respiratory adenoviruses is urgently needed to understand the epidemiological and evolutionary features of HAdV-B55, and an epidemiological modeling approach may provide further insights into this emerging public health threat. Furthermore, the clinical laboratory data from this outbreak provides important reference for the clinical diagnosis and may ultimately aid in informing the development of strategies to control and prevent respiratory tract infections caused by HAdV-B55.
Relationship between Internet addiction and sleep disturbance in high school students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tokiya Mikiko , Itani Osamu , Otsuka Yuichiro , Kaneita Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The increase in the number of Internet users has increased Internet dependence worldwide. In adolescents, this dependence may interfere with sleep, which is important for the development of psychophysiological capabilities. However, few large-scale surveys have described the relationship between Internet addiction (IA) and sleep disturbance using standardized questionnaires. We conducted a survey in one prefecture in Japan to determine the relationship between sleep disturbance and IA in adolescents based on the categories of the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ). Methods: In 2016, high school students (N=10,405, age range: 15–16 years) in all 54 daytime high schools in the selected prefecture were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Participants with scores > 5.5 points on the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were defined as having a sleep disturbance. IA was evaluated using the YDQ: Participants with five to eight YDQ items present were classified as having IA; those with three or four items present were classified as “at risk of IA”; and those with two or less YDQ items were classified as “non-IA”. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with sleep disturbance as the dependent variable, IA as the explanatory variable, and adjustments for eight other variables. Results: High YDQ scores were associated with a high prevalence of sleep disturbance in boys and girls . These findings persisted after controlling for other factors in the multiple regression model. Conclusions: Among Japanese adolescents, there was a significant independent relationship between IA and sleep disturbance. Keywords:
Conversion of sugar beet residues into lipids by Lipomyces starkeyi for biodiesel production
Authors: Martani Francesca , Maestroni Letizia , Torchio Mattia , Ami Diletta , Natalello Antonino , Lotti Marina , Porro Danilo , Branduardi Paola 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Lipids from oleaginous yeasts emerged as a sustainable alternative to vegetable oils and animal fat to produce biodiesel, the biodegradable and environmentally friendly counterpart of petro-diesel fuel. To develop economically viable microbial processes, the use of residual feedstocks as growth and production substrates is required.Results: In this work we investigated sugar beet pulp (SBP) and molasses, the main residues of sugar beet processing, as sustainable substrates for the growth and lipid accumulation by the oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi. We observed that in hydrolysed SBP the yeast cultures reached a limited biomass, cellular lipid content, lipid production and yield (2.5 g/L, 19.2 %, 0.5 g/L and 0.08 g/g, respectively). To increase the initial sugar availability, cells were grown in SBP blended with molasses. Under batch cultivation, the cellular lipid content was more than doubled (47.2 %) in the presence of 6 % molasses. Under pulsed-feeding cultivation, final biomass, cellular lipid content, lipid production and lipid yield were further improved, reaching respectively 20.5 g/L, 49.2 %, 9.7 g/L and 0.178 g/g. Finally, we observed that SBP can be used instead of ammonium sulphate to fulfil yeasts nitrogen requirement in molasses-based media for microbial oil production. Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time that SBP and molasses can be blended to create a feedstock for the sustainable production of lipids by L. starkeyi. The data obtained pave the way to further improve lipid production by designing a fed-batch process in bioreactor.
Using three statistical methods to analyze the association between exposure to 9 compounds and obesity in children and adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010
Authors: Wu Bangsheng , Jiang Yi , Jin Xiaoqing , He Li 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background : Various risk factors influence obesity differently, and environmental endocrine disruption may increase the occurrence of obesity. However, most of the previous studies have considered only a unitary exposure or a set of similar exposures instead of mixed exposures, which entail complicated interactions. We utilized three statistical models to evaluate the correlations between mixed chemicals to analyze the association between 9 different chemical exposures and obesity in children and adolescents. Methods: We fitted the generalized linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to analyze the association between the mixed exposures and obesity in the participants aged 6-19 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2010. Results: In the multivariable logistic regression model, 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) ( OR ( 95% CI ) : 1.25 (1.11, 1.40) ), monoethyl phthalate (MEP) ( OR ( 95% CI ) : 1.28 (1.04, 1.58) ), and mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) ( OR ( 95% CI ) : 1.42 (1.07, 1.89) ) were found to be positively associated with obesity, while methylparaben (MeP) ( OR ( 95% CI ) : 0.80 (0.68, 0.94) ) was negatively associated with obesity. In the multivariable linear regression, MEP w as found to be positively associated with the body mass index (BMI) z-score ( β (95% CI ) : 0.12 (0.02, 0.21) ). In the WQS regression model, the WQS index had a significant association ( OR ( 95% CI ) : 1.48 (1.16, 1.89) ) with the outcome in the obesity model, in which 2,5-DCP (weighted 0.41), bisphenol A (BPA) (weighted 0.17) and MEP (weighted 0.14) all had relatively high weights. In the BKMR model, despite no statistically significant difference in the overall association between the chemical mixtures and the outcome (obesity or BMI z-score), there was nonetheless an increasing trend. 2,5-DCP and MEP were found to be positively associated with the outcome (obesity or BMI z-score), while fixing other chemicals at their median concentrations. Conclusion: Comparing the three statistical models, we found that 2,5-DCP and MEP may play an important role in obesity. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the three statistical models, our study confirms the necessity to combine different statistical models on obesity when dealing with mixed exposures.
Neurological outcome after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for in-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gravesteijn Benjamin , Schluep Marc , Disli Maksud , Garkhail Prakriti , Miranda Dinis Dos Reis , Stolker Robert-Jan , Endeman Henrik , Hoeks Sanne Elisabeth 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is a major adverse event with a high mortality rate if not treated appropriately. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), as adjunct to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) is a promising technique for IHCA treatment. Evidence pertaining to neurological outcomes after ECPR is still scarce. Methods: We performed a comprehensive systematic search of all studies up to December 20th 2019. Our primary outcome was neurological outcome after ECPR at any moment after hospital discharge, defined by the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score. A score of 1 or 2 was defined as favourable outcome. Our secondary outcome was post-discharge mortality. A fixed-effects meta-analysis was performed. Results: Our search yielded 1215 results, of which 19 studies were included in this systematic review. The average survival rate was 30% (95% CI: 28-33%, I2=0%, p=0.24). In the surviving patients, the pooled percentage of favourable neurological outcome was 84% (95% CI: 80-88%, I2=24%, p=0.90). Conclusion: CPR as treatment for in-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with a large proportion of patients with good neurological outcome. The large proportion of favourable outcome could potentially be explained by the selection of patients for treatment using ECPR. Moreover, survival is higher than described in the conventional CPR literature. As indications for ECPR might extend to older or more fragile patient populations in the future, research should focus on increasing survival, while maintaining optimal neurological outcome.
Breastfeeding support at an Australian Breastfeeding Association drop-in service: a descriptive survey
Authors: Burns Elaine , Duursma Louise , Triandafilidis Zoi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background In Australia, during the early establishment phase of breastfeeding, women can access telephone peer support counselling provided by the Australian Breastfeeding Association (ABA) however options for face-to-face peer support are limited. The known factors which improve ongoing and exclusive breastfeeding include face-to-face support, peer and/or professional support, and trained personnel. This study aimed to examine women’s experiences of accessing one breastfeeding drop-in peer support service provided by trained peer support volunteer counsellors from the ABA. Methods Women who accessed the service were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey which collected both quantitative and qualitative data. Participants were asked about their experiences of breastfeeding support, as well as their experiences of the drop-in service. In total, 53 women completed the online survey, and subsequent analysis generated descriptive statistics and qualitative themes. Findings Responses to the survey revealed that women attended the drop-in service with infants ranging in age from less than 1 week through to 12 months of age. Most women reported attending with infants aged 0-8 weeks of age 72%. The predominant presenting problems identified were sore/damaged nipples, difficulties with infant latching to the breast, or concerns about using nipple shields. Analysis of the open text qualitative responses revealed one overarching theme ‘Support to continue breastfeeding’ and four subthemes: ‘feeling listened to and not judged’; ‘emotional support and confidence building’; ‘the importance of face-to-face, practical support'; and ‘the need for ongoing, free access’. Discussion In this study many women were seeking support for ongoing breastfeeding difficulties. Health professionals who had limited breastfeeding knowledge and skills were identified as most unhelpful in providing support with ongoing breastfeeding difficulties. Women valued having access to trained peer counsellors, who had the capacity to provide non-judgemental, face-to-face support; who could sit through a feed; in a space that was ‘safe’; and who could enhance a woman’s confidence with breastfeeding over the course of her full breastfeeding journey. Conclusion Women described the importance of access to a reactive style of drop-in service, in response to need, which was dedicated to breastfeeding support and which was available locally.
Defining pain and interference recovery trajectories after acute non-catastrophic musculoskeletal trauma through Growth Mixture Modeling
Authors: Lee Joshua , Walton David M. , Tremblay Paul , May Curtis , Millard Wanda , Elliott James M. , MacDermid Joy C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Recovery trajectories support early identification of delayed recovery and can inform personalized management or phenotyping of risk profiles in patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the trajectories in pain severity and functional interference following non-catastrophic musculoskeletal (MSK) trauma in an international, mixed injury sample.

Methods

A prospective longitudinal cohort of n= 241 was formed from patients identified within 4 weeks of trauma, from attendance at emergency or urgent care centres located in London, ON, Canada, or Chicago, IL, USA. Pain interference was measured via the Brief Pain Inventory (London cohort) or the Neck Disability Index (Chicago cohort). Pain severity was captured in both cohorts using the numeric pain rating scale. Growth mixture modeling and RM ANOVA approaches identified distinct trajectories of recovery within pain interference and pain severity data.

Results

For pain interference, the 3 trajectories were labeled accordingly: Class 1 = Rapid recovery (lowest intercept, full or near full recovery by 3 months, 32.0% of the sample); Class 2 = Delayed recovery (higher intercept, recovery by 12 months, 26.7% of the sample); Class 3 = Minimal or no recovery (higher intercept, persistently high interference scores at 12 months, 41.3% of the sample). For pain severity, the 2 trajectories were labeled: Class 1 = Rapid recovery (lower intercept, recovery by 3 months, 81.3% of the sample); and Class 2 = Minimal or no recovery (higher intercept, flat curve, 18.7% of the sample). The “Minimal or No Recovery” trajectory could be predicted by female sex and axial (vs. peripheral) region of trauma with 74.3% accuracy across the 3 classes for the % Interference outcome. For the Pain Severity outcome, only region (axial trauma, 81.3% accuracy) predicted the “Minimal or No Recovery” trajectory.

Conclusions

These results suggest that 3 meaningful recovery trajectories can be identified in an international, mixed-injury sample when pain interference is the outcome, and 2 recovery trajectories emerge when pain severity is the outcome. Females in the sample or people who suffered axial injuries (head, neck, or low back) were more likely to be classed in poor outcome trajectories.
Personal values in adolescence and their associations with metabolic biomarkers in adulthood: a population-based study in Japan
Authors: Sasaki Natsu , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Kawakami Norito 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background : Personal values, which are formed in early life, can have an impact on the health outcome later in life. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between personal values in adolescence and bio-indicators related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adulthood. Participant and Methods : The longitudinal data was used from the Japanese Study on Stratification, Health, Income, and Neighborhood (J-SHINE) in 2012 and 2017. Personal values in adolescence were retrospectively obtained in 2017 from a self-reporting questionnaire, composed of value priorities and commitment to the values. Venous samples were collected in 2012 for low and high-density lipoprotein (LDL, HDL) cholesterol and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were also measured. The associations of each variable were examined by partial correlation analysis. In addition, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine overall associations between personal values and the sum of standardized scores (Z-score) of the biomarkers as a proxy of MetS. Furthermore, cluster analysis was conducted to identify groups of the participants who have some specific values and to examine their associations with the Z-score. Results : The total population (n=668) included 261 men and 407 women. Among men, the personal value priority of “Having influence on society” was associated with high HDL cholesterol (partial r=0.13, p=0.032) and “Cherishing familiar people” with low waist circumference (r=-0.129, p=0.049), low SBP, and high DBP (r=-0.135, p=0.039; r=0.134, p=0.041). In women, “Not bothering others” was associated with high SBP and low DBP (r=0.125, p=0.015; r=-0.123, p=0.017). "Economically succeeding" were associated with worse outcome (β=0.162, p=0.042). In the cluster analysis, both in men and women, the cluster which had highest openness to change value; “Having and keeping a belief”, “Exploring what you were interested in” and “Actively challenging” with the highest commitment showed worst proxy outcomes although there were no significant differences. Conclusions : Although some significant associations were found between personal values in adolescence and MetS-related markers in adulthood, overall associations were not strong. Culturally prevailing values were likely to be associated with a good outcome of metabolic health.
Spatial-temporal analysis of Tuberculosis in Chongqing, China 2011-2018
Authors: Yu Ya , Wu Bo , Wu Chengguo , Wang Qingya , Hu Daiyu , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: China is a country with a high burden of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Chongqing is in the southwest of China, where the notification rate of PTB ranks tenth in China. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of PTB in Chongqing in order to improve TB control measures.

Methods: A spatial-temporal analysis has been performed based on the data of PTB from 2011 to 2018, which was extracted from the National Surveillance System. The effect of TB control was measured by variation trend of pathogenic positive PTB notification rate and total TB notification rate. Time series, spatial autonomic correlation and spatial-temporal scanning methods were used to identify the temporal trends and spatial patterns at county level.

Results: A total of 188,528 cases were included in this study. A downward trend was observed in PTB between 2011 and 2018 in Chongqing. The peak of PTB notification occurred in late winter and early spring annually. By calculating the value of Global Moran's I and Local Getis’s Gi*, we found that PTB was spatially clustered and some significant hot spots were detected in the southeast and northeast of Chongqing. One most likely cluster and three secondary clusters were identified by Kulldorff’s scan spatial-temporal Statistic.

Conclusions: This study identified seasonal patterns and spatial-temporal clusters of PTB cases in Chongqing. Priorities should be given to southeast and northeast of Chongqing for better TB control.
C-Reactive Protein and Lymphocyte are important indicators of severe coronavirus disease and poor prognosis in elderly patients
Authors: He Qinglin , Hu Xiafen , Xiang Xiaochen , Chen Siyang , Liu Wanxin , Liu Xiaoliu , Wang Qiang , Guo Kaiwen , Wu Qingming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective： To explore the value of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lymphocyte (L) in the assessment of disease severity and prognosis of elderly COVID-19 patients. Methods: A total of 194 positive COVID-19 patients were collected from Tianyou Hospital and Puren Hospital, affiliated hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology. Their demographic characteristics were analyzed. The dynamic changes of CRP and L in peripheral blood were retrospectively studied. Results: (1) There were significant statistical differences in CRP, L in clinical typing and clinical outcome in patients over 60 years old compared with those under 60 years old. Survival analysis showed that the risk of death was greater in patients over 60 than in those under 60.（2）In 125 patients over 60 years old, the hospitalized patients with severe or critical types had significantly higher CRP than those with moderate type (p<0.01). In the outcome of the elderly patients, the CRP of the patients with the outcomes of discharge, improvement, aggravation and death increased successively (p<0.01). According to the analysis of Logistic regression model, the increase of CRP constitutes a risk factor for death in elderly patients. (3) In the ROC curve analysis to distinguish the death outcome and non-death outcome of COVID-19 patients, the area under the curve (AUC) of CRP and L was 0.751 and 0.720 respectively. CRP and L had good diagnostic accuracy for the death outcome of patients. (4) Changes in CRP were correlated with changes in CT imaging and were consistent with changes in the course of the disease. Conclusions: (1) COVID-19 patients over 60 years old were clinically heavy at admission and had poor prognosis, especially elderly male patients. (2) CRP and L are important monitoring indicators of COVID-19 in elderly patients. Combined with CT examination and observation of their dynamic changes, CRP and L are of important clinical guiding value for the judgment of disease severity and the evaluation of prognosis.