bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine structure of the silk spinning system in the caddisworm, Hydatophylax nigrovittatus (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)
Authors: Kim Hyo-Jeong , Sun Yan , Moon Myung-Jin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSilk is produced by a variety of insects, but only silk made by terrestrial arthropods has been examined in detail. To fill the gap, this study was designed to understand the silk spinning system of aquatic insect. The larvae of caddis flies, Hydatophylax nigrovittatus produce silk through a pair of labial silk glands and use raw silk to protect themselves in the aquatic environment. The result of this study clearly shows that although silk fibers are made under aquatic conditions, the cellular silk production system is quite similar to that of terrestrial arthropods. Typically, silk production in caddisworm has been achieved by two independent processes in the silk glands. This includes the synthesis of silk fibroin in the posterior region, the production of adhesive glycoproteins in the anterior region, which are ultimately accumulated into functional silk dope and converted to a silk ribbon coated with gluey substances. At the cellular level, each substance of fibroin and glycoprotein is specifically synthesized at different locations, and then transported from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus as transport vesicles, respectively. Thereafter, the secretory vesicles gradually increase in size by vesicular fusion, forming larger secretory granules containing specific proteins. It was found that these granules eventually migrate to the apical membrane and are exocytosed into the lumen by a mechanism of merocrine secretion.
Measure Scan and Synthesis of Palliative and End-of-Life Process Quality Measures for Advanced Cancer
Authors: O’Hanlon Claire E. , Lindvall Charlotta , Lorenz Karl A. , Giannitrapani Karleen F. , Garrido Melissa , Asch Steven M. , Wenger Neil , Malin Jennifer , Dy Sydney Morss , Canning Mark , Gamboa Raziel C. , Walling Anne M. 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE: Monitoring and improving the quality of palliative and end-of-life cancer care remain pressing needs in the United States. Among existing measures that assess the quality of palliative and end-of-life care, many operationalize similar concepts. We identified existing palliative care process measures and synthesized these measures to aid stakeholder prioritization that will facilitate health system implementation in patients with advanced cancer. METHODS: We reviewed MEDLINE/PubMed-indexed articles for process quality measures related to palliative and end-of-life care for patients with advanced cancer, supplemented by expert input. Measures were inductively grouped into “measure concepts” and higher-level groups. RESULTS: Literature review identified 226 unique measures from 23 measure sources, which we grouped into 64 measure concepts within 12 groups. Groups were advance care planning (11 measure concepts), pain (7), dyspnea (9), palliative care–specific issues (6), other specific symptoms (17), comprehensive assessment (2), symptom assessment (1), hospice/palliative care referral (1), spiritual care (2), mental health (5), information provision (2), and culturally appropriate care (1). CONCLUSION: Measure concepts covered the spectrum of care from acute symptom management to advance care planning and psychosocial needs, with variability in the number of measure concepts per group. This taxonomy of process quality measure concepts can be used by health systems seeking stakeholder input to prioritize targets for improving palliative and end-of-life care quality in patients with advanced cancer.
Sexual Differentiation and Substance Use: A Mini-Review
Authors: Harp Samuel J , Martini Mariangela , Lynch Wendy J , Rissman Emilie F 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The organizational/activational hypothesis suggests that gonadal steroid hormones like testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) are important at 2 different times during the lifespan when they perform 2 different functions. First steroids “organize” brain structures early in life and during puberty, and in adults these same hormones “activate” sexually dimorphic behaviors. This hypothesis has been tested and proven valid for a large number of behaviors (learning, memory, social, and sexual behaviors). Sex differences in drug addiction are well established both for humans and animal models. Previous research in this field has focused primarily on cocaine self-administration by rats. Traditionally, observed sex differences have been explained by the sex-specific concentrations of gonadal hormones present at the time of the drug-related behavior. Studies with gonadectomized rodents establishes an activational role for E2 that facilitates vulnerability in females, and when E2 is combined with progesterone, addiction is attenuated. Literature on organizational actions of steroids is sparse but predicts that T, after it is aromatized to E2, changes aspects of the neural reward system. Here we summarize these data and propose that sex chromosome complement also plays a role in determining sex-specific drug-taking behavior. Future research is needed to disentangle the effects of hormones and sex chromosome complement, and we propose the four core genotype mouse model as an effective tool for answering these questions.
BMPR1A is necessary for chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, whereas BMPR1B prevents hypertrophic differentiation
Authors: Mang Tanja , Kleinschmidt-Doerr Kerstin , Ploeger Frank , Schoenemann Andreas , Lindemann Sven , Gigout Anne 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
BMP2 stimulates bone formation and signals preferably through BMP receptor (BMPR) 1A, whereas GDF5 is a cartilage inducer and signals preferably through BMPR1B. Consequently, BMPR1A and BMPR1B are believed to be involved in bone and cartilage formation, respectively. However, their function is not yet fully clarified. In this study, GDF5 mutants with a decreased affinity for BMPR1A were generated. These mutants, and wild-type GDF5 and BMP2, were tested for their ability to induce dimerization of BMPR1A or BMPR1B with BMPR2, and for their chondrogenic, hypertrophic and osteogenic properties in chondrocytes, in the multipotent mesenchymal precursor cell line C3H10T1/2 and the human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2. Mutants with the lowest potency for inducing BMPR1A–BMPR2 dimerization exhibited minimal chondrogenic and osteogenic activities, indicating that BMPR1A is necessary for chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation. BMP2, GDF5 and the GDF5 R399E mutant stimulated expression of chondrogenic and hypertrophy markers in C3H10T1/2 cells and chondrocytes. However, GDF5 R399E, which induces the dimerization of BMPR1B and BMPR2 more potently than GDF5 or BMP2, displayed reduced hypertrophic activity. Therefore, we postulate that stronger BMPR1B signaling, compared to BMPR1A signaling, prevents chondrocyte hypertrophy and acts as a cartilage stabilizer during joint morphogenesis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Exercise Is Medicine? The Cardiorespiratory Implications of Ultra-marathon
Authors: Tiller Nicholas B. , Stewart Glenn M. , Illidi Camilla R. , Levine Benjamin D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Regular physical activity decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, obesity, certain cancers, and all-cause mortality. Nevertheless, there is mounting evidence that extreme exercise behaviors may be detrimental to human health. This review collates several decades of literature on the physiology and pathophysiology of ultra-marathon running, with emphasis on the cardiorespiratory implications. Herein, we discuss the prevalence and clinical significance of postrace decreases in lung function and diffusing capacity, respiratory muscle fatigue, pulmonary edema, biomarkers of cardiac injury, left/right ventricular dysfunction, and chronic myocardial remodeling. The aim of this article is to inform risk stratification for ultra-marathon and to edify best practice for personnel overseeing the events (i.e., race directors and medics).
Hemolytic Uremic syndrome associated with pregnancy: Outcome from acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Naqvi Rubina 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To report here, case series of women developing acute kidney injury (AKI) in association with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) during pregnancy or within days postpartum.
Methods: Subjects for the study reported here comprised of a cohort of 49 women referred from OBGYN and diagnosed having AKI and HUS. AKI was defined according to RIFLE criteria and HUS on basis of hematological, biochemical and histological features. All patients had normal size kidneys on ultrasonography and no previous co- morbidity.
Results: From January 2000 – January 2020, 49 such women were admitted/ referred to this facility. The mean age of these patients was 29.02±5.258 years. Two had HUS during pregnancy while rest during postpartum. Majority of women had more than one insults these include hemorrhages, intrauterine deaths, operative measure (lower segment caesarean section). Renal replacement was required in all women. Complete renal recovery was observed in 14 patients, while one died during acute phase of illness. CKD-V developed in 17 patients, 16 patients lost long term follow up, but were dialysis free till last follow up and one left against medical advice during acute phase of illness. Treatment with plasmapheresis revealed significantly better renal recovery (p value 0.03) in this group of patients.
Conclusion: AKI with background of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) may remain irreversible in many of these young women. Plasmapheresis should be offered to patients with established diagnosis of HUS.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2931
How to cite this:Naqvi R. Hemolytic Uremic syndrome associated with pregnancy: Outcome from acute Kidney Injury. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):1153-1157. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2931
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Provision of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system in Nigeria: Provider perspectives and service delivery costs
Authors: Brunie Aurélie , Rademacher Kate H. , Nwala Anthony Adindu , Danna Kendal , Saleh Mariya , Afolabi Kayode 
Published: August 2020

Background: Several organizations in Nigeria are leading pilot introduction programs of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). We conducted a qualitative assessment of providers’ experiences across the five programs and an analysis of service delivery costs in one program. Methods: We conducted 20 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with providers. We used project expenditure records to estimate incremental direct service delivery costs of introducing the LNG-IUS in 40 social franchise clinics supported by the Society for Family Health (SFH). We then compared the direct service delivery costs per couple years of protection (CYP) for the LNG-IUS to other family planning methods. Results: Providers appreciated the therapeutic benefits of the LNG-IUS, especially reduction of heavy bleeding. They said that women generally accepted bleeding changes with counseling but noted complaints about spotting and mixed acceptability of amenorrhea. Providers indicated being comfortable with both the insertion and removal process and believed their equipment and infection prevention protocols were adequate. Lack of awareness among women, limited availability, current pricing, and resistance to uterine placement among some women were perceived as barriers. The estimated direct service delivery cost of introducing the LNG-IUS in pilot settings, inclusive of up-front provider training costs, was USD 34 per insertion. Direct service delivery costs at a ‘steady state’ (i.e., without training costs included for any method) of the LNG-IUS per CYP was similar to that of other contraceptive methods distributed in Nigeria. Conclusion: Providers’ positive experiences with the LNG-IUS and direct service delivery costs per CYP that align with those for other methods suggest that the LNG-IUS could be an important addition to the method mix in Nigeria. Product introduction strategies will need to address both the supply and the demand sides, as well as consider appropriate pricing of the LNG-IUS relative to other methods and particularly the copper IUD.
X-ray phase tomography with near-field speckles for three-dimensional virtual histology
Authors: Zdora Marie-Christine , Thibault Pierre , Kuo Willy , Fernandez Vincent , Deyhle Hans , Vila-Comamala Joan , Olbinado Margie P. , Rack Alexander , Lackie Peter M. , Katsamenis Orestis L. , Lawson Matthew J. , Kurtcuoglu Vartan , Rau Christoph , Pfeiffer Franz , Zanette Irene 
Published: August 2020

High-contrast, high-resolution imaging of biomedical specimens is indispensable for studying organ function and pathologies. Conventional histology, the gold standard for soft-tissue visualization, is limited by its anisotropic spatial resolution, elaborate sample preparation, and lack of quantitative image information. X-ray absorption or phase tomography have been identified as promising alternatives enabling non-destructive, distortion-free three-dimensional (3D) imaging. However, reaching sufficient contrast and resolution with a simple experimental procedure remains a major challenge. Here, we present a solution based on x-ray phase tomography through speckle-based imaging (SBI). We demonstrate on a mouse kidney that SBI delivers comprehensive 3D maps of hydrated, unstained soft tissue, revealing its microstructure and delivering quantitative tissue-density values at a density resolution of better than

2

m
g

/

c
m

3

and spatial resolution of better than 8 µm. We expect that SBI virtual histology will find widespread application in biomedicine and will open up new possibilities for research and histopathology.
Observational study of SARS-CoV-2 antibody immune response in a cohort of patients at a North Suburban Chicago, Illinois, in a physician’s practice
Authors: Osher Gerald , Lamb Christopher C. , Ibarra Yuliana , Erickson-Samson Deborah 
Published: August 2020

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. The application of point of care serological testing can help determine past infection and assist healthcare workers assess patient risk. Method: An observational study of 114 subjects in North Suburban Chicago, Illinois, was performed using the Clungene® lateral flow immunoassay (LFI). Patients’ PCR test results and clinical symptoms were used to compare the seroconversion rate of this patient population with the surrounding community. Results: Excluding 1 aberrant result, there was 100% positive agreement (10) between PCR and antibody (IgG or IgM) test results. There were 7 patients who did not have a prior PCR test who were positive for IgG; 5 of the 7 had clinical symptoms consistent with possible exposure and 2 were asymptomatic. There was 1 person with a suspected exposure to an infected person who was IgM positive. Ninety-five asymptomatic patients were seronegative. The overall rate of 15.9% seroconversion (IgG or IgM) is consistent with other community-based testing results in the North Suburban Chicago, Illinois area. Conclusion: Rapid screening tests to identify antibody positive patients recovered from coronavirus disease-2019 can be a useful tool for healthcare professionals to determine or confirm past infection. Statement of novelty: Limited data is available on the use of point of care serological testing to assist healthcare professionals with the assessment of their patient population regarding past SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and seroconversion. The present study successfully investigated the use of a point of care antibody test in a physician’s office to determine which patients have developed antibodies, indicating an immune response to SARS-CoV-2, and to assist with decisions on whether patients should pursue normal social and workplace activities.
Pharmacotherapy management for hospitalized ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Al-Temimi Ahmed Alaa , Hua Gan Siew , Shalin Selvaraj Christine 
Published: August 2020

Background: Worldwide, cerebrovascular accident (stroke) is the second leading cause of death and is the third leading cause of disability. Sadly, stroke prevalence in the low- and middle-income countries remains high (70%) with both stroke-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years reported to be as high as 87%.
Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate the success of pharmacotherapy management strategy for Malaysian stroke patients in a public hospital based on the Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), 2012.
Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study based on medical records of patients (n=682) with confirmed diagnoses of ischemic stroke admitted to Sungai Buloh Hospital for four years was conducted. Data was collected using self-developed data collection forms consisting of demographic profiles, comorbidity and pharmacotherapy treatment.
Results: The mean age of reported cases was 66.66 years with the majority (58%) being males while only 42% were females. The majority (>72%) adhered to the pharmacotherapy management of Clinical Practice Guideline Malaysia 2012 for ischemic stroke inpatients setting in a public hospital (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Most patients complied to the pharmacotherapy management of ischemic stroke guideline which is important to avoid disability and mortality caused by stroke.
PERCEPCIÓN DE MARCA DE MEDICAMENTOS GENÉRICOS FRENTE A ORIGINALES EN PACIENTES CON HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL PULMONAR EN COLOMBIA.
Authors: Alfonso Iannini Silvana 
Published: August 2020

<p>La presente investigación tiene como objetivo establecer percepción de marca presente en un grupo de pacientes con hipertensión arterial pulmonar, frente al uso de medicamentos de marcas genéricos y originales en el sector farmacéutico en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se buscará analizar las percepciones generales de esta población en torno al uso y tratamiento con medicamentos originales de marca frente a la eficacia de los medicamentos genéricos; evaluando los niveles de confianza, uso, selección y referenciacion de estos fármacos. La estrategia metodológica que se propondrá será de carácter cuantitativo y se implementará un análisis descriptivo transversal. </p>
El valor percibido de operadores logísticos por parte de empresas ubicadas en zonas francas.
Authors: Zapata Vargas Diego Armando 
Published: August 2020

<p>El estudio del valor percibido es un tema de especial interés para el marketing a nivel empresarial. En este sentido, conocer la percepción de los beneficios y costos que tienen los empresarios respecto a pertenecer a un territorio específico con auxilios tributarios ofrece información importante para la producción y comercialización de bienes y servicios, administrados por operadores logísticos en Bogotá, logrando promover el desarrollo económico de la región. Para tal fin, se ha propuesto desarrollar un estudio exploratorio descriptivo basado en el diseño e implementación de entrevistas con empresarios para una posterior medición con una encuesta.</p><p> </p>
Análise de satisfação e desempenho dos serviços e produtos ofertados em uma empresa do setor agrícola
Authors: Felipe Schaedler Gustavo , Anita Walter Silvana , Manzano Brenzan Cinara Kottwitz , Luiz Soares Mário 
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo a identificação de oportunidades de melhoria na satisfação de clientes de uma empresa do setor agrícola localizada nodistrito de Novo Sarandi, Oeste do Paraná (Brasil), através do uso conjunto de dois métodos de análise, sendo eles: Modelo Kano e a Matriz de Importância X Desempenho; objetivando analisar o grau de satisfação e importância dos serviços prestados, permitindo uma melhor identificação dos atributos prioritários para melhoria. Para mensuração da satisfação utilizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa descritiva, por meio de um questionário contendo 18 atributos, aplicado com 100 clientes fixos ou eventuais, que aceitaram respondê-lo. Constatou-se que a média de Satisfação Geral é mediana e que os clientes possuem nível Atrativos e Unidimensionais em relação a melhoria de produtos. Os atributos atrativos apresentam maior impacto na satisfação se melhorados do que insatisfação se piorados, sendo: aparência dos funcionários; aparência externa e aparência interna da empresa. Destaca-se pela análise dos dados, que a empresa atende as expectativas dos consumidores em alguns atributos, sendo que, dos 18 atributos avaliados, é necessário oportunizar a melhoria com mais atenção em cinco deles: agilidade no recebimento de produtos; preço dos produtos; descontos em relação aos produtos no pagamento a vista; isponibilidade de estoque e prontidão no atendimento; considerados atributos de alta importância ao cliente, mas com baixo nível de desempenho.
Blood flow condition in the left renal vein in operative treatment of patients with varicocele
Authors: Krupin Valentin N. , Uezdnyj Mihail N. , Zubova Svetlana Yu. , Petrova Polina I. 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the blood flow in the left renal vein after ligation of the internal spermatic vein with varicocele and to study the changing of the level of biological markers of acute kidney damage in these patients.
Materials and methods. Under observation were 64 men in age 1823 years with the first hemodynamic type of varicocele. In 3 patients clinically significant compression of the left renal vein was revealed and the remaining 61 patients underwent surgery by Ivanissevich approach. Before the operation, on the 2nd, 10th, 30th and 90th days after the operation patients underwent Doppler blood flow rate by ultrasound with color mapping of the left renal vein with measurement of venous blood flow velocity. During these periods all patients underwent laboratory tests, including the study of the content of cystatin C and interleukin 18 in the blood and urine.
Results. On the first day after ligation of the internal spermatic vein an increase in the concentration of biological markers of acute kidney damage in the blood and urine was noted. After surgery all patients showed an increase in the diameter of the left renal vein by 1.52 mm and a decrease in the linear blood flow velocity in the region of the renal vien by 56 cm/s. On the 10th day after the operation the diameter of the left renal vein was increasesd by 34 mm more and the linear blood flow velocity slows down by 22.5 cm/s. The restoration of blood flow velocity and the diameter of the left renal vein occurred within three months and in most cases returned to baseline and in 22.9% of patients recovery did not occur by the 90th day of observation.
Conclusion. Ligation of the internal spermatic vein with varicocele is accompanied by impaired blood flow in the left renal vein and an increase in the concentration of biological markers of acute kidney damage, which is a manifestation of venous hypertension and renal hypoxia. In most patients these indicators normalize to the 90th day of observation after surgery.