bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent infection of Helicobacter pylori affects weight loss in obese population compared with persistent negative: A case‐control study based on healthy Chinese
Authors: Zhang Jinshun , Chen Yahong , Chen Weiling , Xu Hongfang , Wang Huihong , Chen Lijuan , Ye Yafei , Wang Zhongtai , Ye Juanjuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) and body mass index (BMI) is still inconclusive. Not only the high rate of H pylori infection but also the increasing higher BMI levels are endangering Chinese today.MethodsThe aim of this research was to evaluate the association between different situations of H pylori infection and BMI values or levels in Chinese healthy population. A total of 39 091 individuals aged from 18 years to 80 years, performed healthy examination including a 13C/14C urease breath test (13C/14C‐UBT), were included. Among them, 30 224 individuals only had one time of health examination, and 8867 had two or more times. A case‐cohort data of 8752 with an interval time more than 6 months, collected by the first and the last time, were established from the latter. BMI groups are classified according to the China recommendation: low weight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 ~ 23.9 kg/m2), overweight (24.0 ~ 27.9 kg/m2), and obesity (≥28.0 kg/m2).ResultsThe rate of H pylori infection among low weight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity was 43.2%, 44.7%, 46.4%, and 48.0%, respectively (P = .000). H pylori infection increased the risk of higher level of BMI (OR = 1.077, 95% confidence interval = 1.036‐1.119, χ2 = 14.048, P = .000) with adjustments for sex and age. In the case‐control study, the rate of persistent negative, persistent infection, new infection, and eradicated infection was 39.5%, 25.8%, 15.8%, and 18.9%, respectively, with a median interval time of 13 months. The mean obesity BMI descend values in the persistent negative subgroup were lower than those in the persistent infection subgroup (−0.21 ± 1.19 kg/m2 vs −0.003 ± 1.01 kg/m2, P = .021). But the change of BMI classifications had no difference between the subgroups of H pylori infection in different BMI levels.ConclusionsH pylori infection was positively correlated with higher BMI levels. And H pylori persistent infection had a negative effect on the fall of BMI values in Chinese obese population.
Programming for Immigrant Women in Canada: Is Entrepreneurship Neglected?
Authors: Kalu Kenneth , Okafor Oliver Nnamdi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study examines the demand and supply dynamics of entrepreneurship support services for new immigrant women in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), Ontario, Canada. Empirical evidence presented in this study reveals significant unmet needs for entrepreneurship support services. Major reasons for the inability of settlement agencies to meet the entrepreneurship needs of new immigrants include prioritization of other support services and lack of funding. The study identifies unfamiliarity with the Canadian environment, discrimination, business regulations that are difficult to satisfy, and unlikely tendencies of the immigrants to ask for support as some of the key challenges to entrepreneurship among immigrant women. However, these challenges may be ameliorated with enhanced entrepreneurship and language training, information awareness campaigns and more funding, among other factors. The findings have practical implications for accountable governments and non‐governmental organizations as they design and/or redesign immigration and settlement policies to facilitate integration of new immigrants.
Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate prevents the nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis via regulating energy homeostasis
Authors: Jiang Wenjiao , Xu Shiyu , Guo Huijie , Lu Li , Liu Jie , Wang Guangji , Hao Kun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is a public health problem worldwide associated with high morbidity and hepatic steatosis, but no effective therapeutic interventions. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MGIG), a derivative of an active component of Glycyrrhiza glabra, is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory liver diseases due to its potent anti‐inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. Hence, this study aimed to study the effects of MGIG on hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD). Oil Red O staining and transmission electron microscopy revealed a decrease in lipid accumulation in the liver after MGIG treatment along with improved mitochondrial ultramicrostructures. Metabonomic analysis demonstrated that MGIG intervention increased glutamate utilization in mitochondria by promoting the uptake of glutamate into the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The NAD+/NADH ratio and the expression of other lipid‐metabolism‐related genes were increased in MGIG‐treated livers. Transcriptome sequencing showed that the expression of TLR4, an isoform of the innate immunity Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), was significantly decreased after MGIG treatment, suggesting a link between the anti‐inflammatory effects of MGIG and its suppression of lipidation. Our results reveal the potent effects of MGIG on lipid metabolism and suggest that hepatic TLR4 might be a crucial therapeutic target to regulate energy homeostasis in hepatic steatosis.
Construction of a ceRNA coregulatory network and screening of hub biomarkers for salt‐sensitive hypertension
Authors: Zhang Ling , Qi Han , Liu Zheng , Peng Wen‐Juan , Cao Han , Guo Chun‐Yue , Sun Yan‐Yan , Pao Christine , Xiang Yu‐Tao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSalt‐sensitive hypertension (SSH) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The regulation of long non‐coding RNAs, mRNAs and competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) in the pathogenesis of SSH is uncertain. An RNA microarray was performed to discover SSH‐associated differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs), and 296 DElncRNAs and 44 DEmRNAs were identified, and 247 DElncRNAs and 44 DEmRNAs among these RNAs were included in the coexpression network. The coregulatory network included 23 ceRNA loops, and six hub RNAs (lnc‐ILK‐8:1, lnc‐OTX1‐7:1, lnc‐RCAN1‐6:1, GIMAP8, SUV420H1 and PIGV) were identified for further population validation. The ceRNA correlations among lnc‐OTX1‐7:1, hsa‐miR‐361‐5p and GIMAP8 were confirmed in SSH and SRH patients. A larger‐sample validation confirmed that GIMAP8, SUV420H1 and PIGV were differentially expressed between the SSH and SRH groups. In addition, SUV420H1 was included in the SSH screening model, and the area under the curve of the model was 0.720 (95% CI: 0.624‐0.816). Our study explored the transcriptome profiles of SSH and constructed a ceRNA network to help elucidate the mechanism of SSH. In addition, SUV420H1 was identified as a hub element that participates in SSH transcriptional regulation and as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of SSH.
Circular RNA circMDM2 accelerates the glycolysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting miR‐532‐3p/HK2
Authors: Zheng Zhao , Ma Xiaozhou , Li Hongfa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) function as an essential regulator in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the potential roles and mechanism of circRNAs in OSCC are still elusive. Here, this research investigates the roles and molecular mechanism of novel circRNA (circMDM2) in OSCC progression. Clinically, circMDM2 was overexpressed in OSCC tissue and cells, and the overexpression served as a poor prognostic factor for OSCC patients. Functionally, cellular experiments confirmed that circMDM2 accelerated OSCC cell proliferation and glycolysis in vitro and circMDM2 knockdown repressed the tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circMDM2 sponged miR‐532‐3p to promote the hexokinase 2 (HK2), forming the circMDM2/miR‐532‐3p/HK2 axis. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that circMDM2/miR‐532‐3p/HK2 axis promotes the proliferation and glycolysis of OSCC, rendering a potential diagnostic biomarker and prospective therapeutic target for OSCC.
Simultaneous borrowing of information across space and time for pricing insurance contracts: An application to rating crop insurance policies
Authors: Liu Yong , Ker Alan P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChanging climate and technology can often lead to nonstationary losses across both time and space for a variety of insurance lines including property, catastrophe, health, and life. As a result, naive estimation of premium rates using past losses will tend to be biased. We present three successively flexible data‐driven methodologies to nonparametrically smooth across both space and time simultaneously, thereby appropriately incorporating possibly nonidentically distributed data into the rating process. We apply these methodologies in estimating U.S. crop insurance premium rates. Crop insurance, with global premiums totaling $4.1 trillion in 2018, is an interesting application as losses exhibit both temporal and spatial nonstationarity. We find significant borrowing of information across both time and space. We also find all three methodologies improve both the stability and accuracy of crop insurance premium rates. The proposed methods may be of relevance for other lines of insurance characterized by spatial and/or temporal nonstationary losses.
Changes in long‐chain fatty acid composition of milk fat globule membrane and expression of mammary lipogenic genes in dairy cows fed sunflower seeds and rumen‐protected choline
Authors: Lashkari Saman , Moller Jeppe W. , Jensen Søren K. , Hellgren Lars I. , Sørensen Martin T. , Theil Peter K. , Sejrsen Kristen 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of crushed high oleic sunflower seeds (HOS) and rumen‐protected choline (RPC) on the fatty acid (FA) profile of phospholipids and sphingomyelin and mammary transcription of genes that are important for milk fat synthesis and de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. Twenty‐four cows were divided into four groups that either received an unsupplemented diet (Control), the Control diet supplemented with 50 g RPC per day, a diet supplemented with HOS at 10% of dry matter, or RPC and HOS in combination (RPC + HOS). RPC supplementation had no effect on the FA composition of milk or sphingomyelin. Cows receiving RPC and RPC + HOS had increased incorporation of C22:5 (n‐3) into phospholipids. Milk FA proportion of C18:0 and C18:1 isomers was increased in cows receiving HOS (HOS and RPC + HOS). Sphingomyelin proportion of C22:0 was increased in cows receiving HOS and RPC + HOS, at the expense of C23:0. HOS supplementation further increased the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in milk phospholipids. HOS supplementation increased mammary transcription of UDP‐glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (UGCG), sterol response element‐binding protein cleavage‐activating protein (SCAP) and peroxisome proliferation‐activated receptor Gamma subunit C 1b (PPARGC1b), and reduced transcription of insulin induced gene 1 (INSIG1) and fatty acid‐binding protein 3 (FABP3). Dietary supplementation of RPC increased mammary transcription of fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and longevity assurance gene 2 (LASS2), and reduced transcription of sphingomyelin synthase (SGMS). The results show that the FA profile of milk phospholipids is sensitive to dietary lipid supplementation and, to a minor degree, RPC supplementation. Furthermore, transcription of genes that are important for milk fat synthesis and sphingolipids synthesis is affected by dietary supplementation of RPC and HOS.
Rapid desensitisation for antibiotic anaphylaxis prior to surgical removal of teeth
Authors: Chung P. , Dhanrajani P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a case report of a 59‐year‐old female presenting for extraction of multiple teeth but known to have anaphylaxis to multiple antibiotics. She underwent rapid desensitization to intravenous Cephazolin 24 hours prior to surgery. The surgery preceded uneventfully.
Insertional mutagenesis of Brachypodium distachyon using the Tnt1 retrotransposable element
Authors: Nandety Raja Sekhar , Serrani‐Yarce Juan C. , Gill Upinder S. , Oh Sunhee , Lee Hee‐Kyung , Zhang Xinji , Dai Xinbin , Zhang Wenchao , Krom Nick , Wen Jiangqi , Zhao Patrick X. , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYBrachypodium distachyon is an annual C3 grass used as a monocot model system in functional genomics research. Insertional mutagenesis is a powerful tool for both forward and reverse genetics studies. In this study, we explored the possibility of using the tobacco retrotransposon Tnt1 to create a transposon‐based insertion mutant population in B. distachyon. We developed transgenic B. distachyon plants expressing Tnt1 (R0) and in the subsequent regenerants (R1) we observed that Tnt1 actively transposed during somatic embryogenesis, generating an average of 6.37 insertions per line in a population of 19 independent R1 regenerant plants analyzed. In seed‐derived progeny of R1 plants, Tnt1 segregated in a Mendelian ratio of 3:1 and no new Tnt1 transposition was observed. A total of 126 flanking sequence tags (FSTs) were recovered from the analyzed R0 and R1 lines. Analysis of the FSTs showed a uniform pattern of insertion in all the chromosomes (1–5) without any preference for a particular chromosome region. Considering the average length of a gene transcript to be 3.37 kb, we estimated that 29 613 lines are required to achieve a 90% possibility of tagging a given gene in the B. distachyon genome using the Tnt1‐based mutagenesis approach. Our results show the possibility of using Tnt1 to achieve near‐saturation mutagenesis in B. distachyon, which will aid in functional genomics studies of other C3 grasses.
Metabolomic profiling of wild‐type and mutant soybean root nodules using laser‐ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reveals altered metabolism
Authors: Agtuca Beverly J. , Stopka Sylwia A. , Evans Sterling , Samarah Laith , Liu Yang , Xu Dong , Stacey Minviluz G. , Koppenaal David W. , Paša‐Tolić Ljiljana , Anderton Christopher R. , Vertes Akos , Stacey Gary 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYThe establishment of the nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis between soybean and Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a complex process. To document the changes in plant metabolism as a result of symbiosis, we utilized laser ablation electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (LAESI‐MS) for in situ metabolic profiling of wild‐type nodules, nodules infected with a B. japonicum nifH mutant unable to fix nitrogen, nodules doubly infected by both strains, and nodules formed on plants mutated in the stearoyl‐acyl carrier protein desaturase (sacpd‐c) gene, which were previously shown to have an altered nodule ultrastructure. The results showed that the relative abundance of fatty acids, purines, and lipids was significantly changed in response to the symbiosis. The nifH mutant nodules had elevated levels of jasmonic acid, correlating with signs of nitrogen deprivation. Nodules resulting from the mixed inoculant displayed similar, overlapping metabolic distributions within the sectors of effective (fix+) and ineffective (nifH mutant, fix−) endosymbionts. These data are inconsistent with the notion that plant sanctioning is cell autonomous. Nodules lacking sacpd‐c displayed an elevation of soyasaponins and organic acids in the central necrotic regions. The present study demonstrates the utility of LAESI‐MS for high‐throughput screening of plant phenotypes. Overall, nodules disrupted in the symbiosis were elevated in metabolites related to plant defense.
Primer caso de EXIT (tratamiento exútero intraparto) en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio: presentación de caso
Authors: Acosta Rodríguez Ana María , Mateus Carolina , Baquero María , Gómez Paola , Lalinde Juan , Martínez Rodolfo , Fajardo Angélica , Ospina García Juan Camilo 
Published: May 2020

El artículo es la presentación del primer procedimiento exútero intraparto (EXIT), realizado en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio y realizado por un grupo interdisciplinario (anestesiología, otorrinolaringología pediátrica, neonatología y ginecología). La ejecución de la estrategia EXIT es poco frecuente. Su objetivo es asegurar la vía aérea del neonato durante el parto cuando existe riesgo de obstrucción, dada por compresión secundaria a masas cervicales o mediastinales, malformaciones congénitas craneofaciales o de la vía aérea. Esta estrategia busca disminuir el riesgo de mortalidad del neonato. El caso corresponde al de una mujer primigestante de 33 años, con edad gestacional de 38 semanas y diagnóstico a la semana 25 de lesión quística cervical en el feto. Durante la atención del parto se aseguró intraparto la vía aérea del neonato con intubación orotraqueal y, a su vez, se disminuyeron los riesgos de morbimortalidad de la madre. En este caso, se trataba de una malformación vascular linfática macroquística. El objetivo del artículo es destacar que, con una adecuada planeación y diagnóstico prenatal de las malformaciones cervicales, mejora significativamente el pronóstico del paciente, así como sus resultados a corto y largo plazo.
Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tang Wei , Cao Zhujun , Han Mingfeng , Wang Zhengyan , Chen Junwen , Sun Wenjin , Wu Yaojie , Xiao Wei , Liu Shengyong , Chen Erzhen , Chen Wei , Wang Xiongbiao , Yang Jiuyong , Lin Jun , Zhao Qingxia , Yan Youqin , Xie Zhibin , Li Dan , Yang Yaofeng , Liu Leshan , Qu Jieming , Ning Guang , Shi Guochao , Xie Qing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine plus standard of care compared with standard of care alone in adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19).DesignMulticentre, open label, randomised controlled trial.Setting16 government designated covid-19 treatment centres in China, 11 to 29 February 2020.Participants150 patients admitted to hospital with laboratory confirmed covid-19 were included in the intention to treat analysis (75 patients assigned to hydroxychloroquine plus standard of care, 75 to standard of care alone).InterventionsHydroxychloroquine administrated at a loading dose of 1200 mg daily for three days followed by a maintenance dose of 800 mg daily (total treatment duration: two or three weeks for patients with mild to moderate or severe disease, respectively).Main outcome measureNegative conversion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by 28 days, analysed according to the intention to treat principle. Adverse events were analysed in the safety population in which hydroxychloroquine recipients were participants who received at least one dose of hydroxychloroquine and hydroxychloroquine non-recipients were those managed with standard of care alone.ResultsOf 150 patients, 148 had mild to moderate disease and two had severe disease. The mean duration from symptom onset to randomisation was 16.6 (SD 10.5; range 3-41) days. A total of 109 (73%) patients (56 standard of care; 53 standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine) had negative conversion well before 28 days, and the remaining 41 (27%) patients (19 standard of care; 22 standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine) were censored as they did not reach negative conversion of virus. The probability of negative conversion by 28 days in the standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine group was 85.4% (95% confidence interval 73.8% to 93.8%), similar to that in the standard of care group (81.3%, 71.2% to 89.6%). The difference between groups was 4.1% (95% confidence interval –10.3% to 18.5%). In the safety population, adverse events were recorded in 7/80 (9%) hydroxychloroquine non-recipients and in 21/70 (30%) hydroxychloroquine recipients. The most common adverse event in the hydroxychloroquine recipients was diarrhoea, reported in 7/70 (10%) patients. Two hydroxychloroquine recipients reported serious adverse events.ConclusionsAdministration of hydroxychloroquine did not result in a significantly higher probability of negative conversion than standard of care alone in patients admitted to hospital with mainly persistent mild to moderate covid-19. Adverse events were higher in hydroxychloroquine recipients than in non-recipients.Trial registrationChiCTR2000029868.
Prediagnostic loss to follow-up in an active case finding tuberculosis programme: a mixed-methods study from rural Bihar, India
Authors: Garg Tushar , Gupta Vivek , Sen Dyuti , Verma Madhur , Brouwer Miranda , Mishra Rajeshwar , Bhardwaj Manish 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo quantify the prediagnostic loss to follow-up (PDLFU) in an active case finding tuberculosis (TB) programme and identify the barriers and enablers in undergoing diagnostic evaluation.DesignExplanatory mixed-methods design.SettingA rural population of 1.02 million in the Samastipur district of Bihar, India.ParticipantsBased on their knowledge of health status of families, community health workers or CHWs (called accredited social health activist or locally) and informal providers referred people to the programme. The field coordinators (FCs) in the programme screened the referrals for TB symptoms to identify presumptive TB cases. CHWs accompanied the presumptive TB patients to free diagnostic evaluation, and a transport allowance was given to the patients. Thereafter, CHWs initiated and supported the treatment of confirmed cases. We included 13 395 community referrals received between January and December 2018. To understand the reasons of the PDLFU, we conducted in-depth interviews with patients who were evaluated (n=3), patients who were not evaluated (n=4) and focus group discussions with the CHWs (n=2) and FCs (n=1).Outcome measuresProportion and characteristics of PDLFU and association of demographic and symptom characteristics with diagnostic evaluation.ResultsA total of 11 146 presumptive TB cases were identified between January and December 2018, out of which 4912 (44.1%) underwent diagnostic evaluation. In addition to the free TB services in the public sector, the key enablers were CHW accompaniment and support. The major barriers identified were misinformation and stigma, deficient family and health provider support, transport challenges and poor services in the public health system.ConclusionFinding the missing cases will require patient-centric diagnostic services and urgent reform in the health system. A community-oriented intervention focusing on stigma, misinformation and patient support will be critical to its success.