bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human‐geographic effects on variations in the population genetics of Sinotaia quadrata (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) that historically migrated from continental East Asia to Japan
Authors: Ye Bin , Saito Takumi , Hirano Takahiro , Dong Zhengzhong , Do Van Tu , Chiba Satoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnthropogenic factors potentially affect observed biogeographical patterns in population genetics, but the effects of ancient human activities on the original patterns created by natural processes are unknown. Sinotaia quadrata, a widely distributed freshwater snail species in East Asia, was used to investigate this issue. It is unclear whether S. quadrata in Japan was introduced from China and how different human uses and varying geographic patterns affect the contemporary population genetics between the two regions. Thus, we investigated the demography of S. quadrata and detected its genetic structure in Japan and continental East Asia.ResultsSinotaia quadrata populations first naturally migrated from continental East Asia to Japan, which is associated with the ancient period in Japanese geohistory (about 70,000 years ago). They were then artificially introduced in association with agriculture expansion by human movements in two recent periods (about 8,000 and 1,200 years ago). Populations in different parts of Japan have their own sources. Natural migration in the ancient period and artificial introduction in the recent period suggest that the population distribution is affected by both the geohistory of East Asia and the history of human expansion. In the background of the historical migration and introduction, contemporary populations in the two regions show different genetic patterns. Population divergence levels were significantly correlated with geographical patterns in Japan and significantly correlated with human interventions variables in continental East Asia, suggesting that long‐term geographical isolation is likely the major factor that shaped the contemporary population genetics in Japan, while modern human uses are likely the major factor in continental East Asia.ConclusionsOur preliminary results show a complex demography and unusual genetic patterns in the contemporary populations for a common freshwater snail and are of significance to determine the historical formation and contemporary patterns of biogeography in Japan and continental East Asia.
Variation in leaf traits at different altitudes reflects the adaptive strategy of plants to environmental changes
Authors: Liu Wensheng , Zheng Li , Qi Danhui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLeaf anatomical traits play key roles in plant functions and display evolutionary adaptive changes to suit the surrounding environment. To reveal the adaptive mode and mechanisms of plants in response to global warming, we analyzed leaf morphology and anatomical structures in three different species, Epilobium amurense Hausskn., Pedicularis densispica Franch., and Potentilla fulgens Wall. ex Hook., growing along an elevational gradient (3,000–4,600 m) in the Yulong Mountains. The results showed leaf length and width decreased, whereas leaf thickness increased with increasing altitude in all three species. Thickness of leaf upper epidermis, lower epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll, and main vein increased with rising altitude. Stomatal density in each species increased with rising elevation. These results illustrate that plants can adapt to the environmental changes that accompany high altitudes by decreasing leaf area and increasing leaf thickness, mesophyll tissue thickness, and stomatal density. Such morphological and anatomical plasticity would lead to lower transpiration rates, enhanced internal temperature and water status, and improved photosynthetic capability.
Canola Proteins Used as Co‐Emulsifiers with Phospholipids Influence Oil Oxidability, Enzymatic Lipolysis, and Fatty Acid Absorption in Rats
Authors: Bourgeois Christine , Couëdelo Leslie , Subirade Muriel , Cansell Maud 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to formulate and characterize oil‐in‐water emulsions with plant‐derived ingredients only, that is, proteins extracted from canola oil bodies, used as co‐emulsifiers with a canola lecithin, and to assess their suitability for food applications. Using the protein extract increases the chemical stability of rapeseed oil emulsions toward oxidation, based on the delay in conjugated diene formation under accelerated storage conditions, and favors pancreatic lipase activity. Bioaccessibility of rapeseed fatty acids is compared in lymph‐duct‐cannulated rats fed oil or emulsion. Fatty acid absorption by the intestine is increased by 78% when the oil is emulsified with canola proteins as co‐emulsifier: 28.7 mg mL−1 versus 16.1 mg mL−1 for oil (p < 0.05). In vitro lipolysis results are in overall agreement with fatty acid absorption in vivo.Practical Applications: Results obtained for rapeseed oil emulsified with canola proteins and phospholipids suggest that increased bioaccessibility of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could be offered in vegan food products.
UAV‐based training for fully fuzzy classification of Sentinel‐2 fluvial scenes
Authors: Carbonneau P. E. , Belletti B. , Micotti M. , Lastoria B. , Casaioli M. , Mariani S. , Marchetti G. , Bizzi S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn estimated 76% of global stream area is occupied by channels with widths above 30 m. Sentinel‐2 imagery with resolutions of 10 m could supply information about the composition of river corridors at national and global scales. Fuzzy classification models that infer sub‐pixel composition could further be used to compensate for small channel widths imaged at 10 m of spatial resolution. A major challenge to this approach is the acquisition of suitable training data useable in machine learning models that can predict land‐cover type information from image radiance values. In this contribution, we present a method which combines unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Sentinel‐2 imagery in order to develop a fuzzy classification approach capable of large‐scale investigations. Our approach uses hyperspatial UAV imagery in order to derive high‐resolution class information that can be used to train fuzzy classification models for Sentinel‐2 data where all bands are super‐resolved to a spatial resolution of 10 m. We use a multi‐temporal UAV dataset covering an area of 5.25 km2. Using a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier, we predict sub‐pixel membership for Sentinel‐2 pixels in the fluvial corridor as divided into classes of water, vegetation and dry sediment. Our CNN model can predict fuzzy class memberships with median errors from −5% to +3% and mean absolute errors from 10% to 20%. We also show that our CNN fuzzy predictor can be used to predict crisp classes with accuracies from 95.5% to 99.9%. Finally, we use an example to show how a fuzzy CNN model trained with localized UAV data can be applied to longer channel reaches and detect new vegetation growth. We therefore argue that the novel use of UAVs as field validation tools for freely available satellite data can bridge the scale gap between local and regional fluvial studies. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
The Effect of Dietary Exposure to Coal Ash Contaminants within Food Ration on Growth and Reproduction in Daphnia magna
Authors: Mathews Teresa J. , Stevenson Louise M. , Pickhardt Paul C. , Murphy Cheryl A. , Nisbet Roger M. , Antczak Philipp , Garcia-Reyero Natàlia , Gergs Andre 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Coal ash contains numerous contaminants and is the focus of regulatory actions and risk assessments due to environmental spills. We exposed Daphnia magna to a gradient of coal ash contamination under high and low food rations to assess the sublethal effects of dietary exposures. Whereas exposure to contaminants resulted in significant reductions in growth and reproduction in daphnids, low, environmentally relevant food rations had a much greater effect on these endpoints. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1998–2007. © 2020 SETAC
A full‐duplex ultra‐wideband over multimode fiber link for internet of things based smart home applications
Authors: Mirza Jawad , Ghafoor Salman , Hussain Ashiq 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose a bidirectional ultra‐wideband (UWB) over multi‐mode fiber link for internet of things based smart home applications that is compatible with globally emerging green radio trend. Employing direct modulation and coupled with carrier‐reuse makes the proposed architecture cost efficient. UWB signals are all‐optically generated by converting phase modulation to intensity modulation by using a shaping filter that has a Gaussian profile. Bidirectional data at the rate of 2 Gbps is transmitted while achieving low receiver sensitivities.
Thermal performance of straight porous fin with variable thermal conductivity under magnetic field and radiation effects
Authors: Madhura K. R. , Babitha  , Kalpana G. , Makinde O. D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present numerical study reports the thermal performance of the straight porous fin with temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity, radiation, and magnetic field effects. The heat transfer model comprising the Darcy's law for simulating flow with solid‐fluid interactions in porous medium, Rosseland approximation for heat transfer through radiation, Maxwell equations for magnetic field effect and linearly varying temperature dependent thermal conductivity, results into highly nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The governing equation is solved using a finite difference scheme with suitable boundary conditions. The obtained solutions are physically interpreted by considering the impact of different nondimensional parameters on thermal performance, efficiency, and effectiveness of the system through plotted graphs. A detailed result with regard to the Nusselt number at the fin base is calculated. The results obtained are observed to be in excellent agreement with previous studies. From the study, it is observed that there is a significant effect on the thermal performance of the fin in the presence of porous constraints; also, results reveal that the nonlinear thermal conductivity parameter strengthens the thermal performance, efficiency, and effectiveness of the fin. Furthermore, the results of the study reveal that the rate of heat transfer of the fin increases with the increase in the magnetic parameter and radiation parameter.
Lessons from the 2018 drought for management of local water supplies in upland areas: A tracer‐based assessment
Authors: Fennell Jessica , Geris Josie , Wilkinson Mark E. , Daalmans Ronald , Soulsby Chris 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimate change, combined with industrial growth and increasing demand, could result in serious future water shortages and related water quality and temperature issues, especially for upland and humid areas. The extreme 2018 drought that prevailed throughout Europe provided an opportunity to investigate conditions likely to become more frequent in the future. For an upland rural catchment utilised by the distilling industry in North‐East Scotland, a tracer‐based survey combined discharge, electrical conductivity, stable water isotopes and temperature measurements to understand the impacts of drought on dominant stream water and industry water sources, both in terms of water quantity and quality (temperature). Results showed that water types (groundwater, ephemeral stream water, perennial stream water and water from small dams) were spatially distinct and varied more in space than time. With regards to the drought conditions we found that streams were largely maintained by groundwater during low flows. This also buffered stream water temperatures. Water types with high young water fractions were less resilient, resulting in streams with an ephemeral nature. Although our results demonstrated the importance of groundwater for drought resilience, water balance data revealed these storage reserves were being depleted and only recovered towards the end of the following year because of above average rainfall in 2019. Increased storage depletion under continued trends of extreme drought and water abstraction could be addressed via informed (nature based) management strategies which focus on increasing recharge. This may improve resilience to droughts as well as floods, but site specific testing and modelling are required to understand their potential. Results could have implications for management of water volumes and temperature, particularly for the sustainability of an historic industry, balancing requirements of rural communities and the environment.
A new spin on transitions of care: Pharmacists bridging the gap between inpatient and outpatient settings
Authors: Leistman Samantha , Nagel Angela K. , Ahmed‐Sarwar Nabila 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionBenefits of pharmacist involvement during transitions of care (TOC) are well validated in the literature, but this role remains highly variable and institution specific. The purpose of this study is to describe the impact on acute health care utilization and overall patient outcomes when a pharmacist is added to a unique TOC team that encompasses both ambulatory and acute care settings.MethodsThis study is a retrospective review of an established TOC service that recently added a pharmacist. As part of this service, patients meeting prespecified criteria received pharmacist intervention during inpatient rounds and discharge follow‐up visit(s). The primary outcome was the change in number of acute health care encounters (emergency department [ED] visits and/or hospital readmissions). Secondary outcomes included type, frequency, and duration of patients' health care encounters, reason(s) for readmissions/ED visits, clinical pharmacist interventions, and changes in disease state‐specific outcomes. Patients served as their own control and results were compared between the 6 months prior to and after initial pharmacist intervention.ResultsIn total, 44 patients were included. In the 6 months following initial pharmacist intervention, total number of acute health care encounters decreased by 39.5% (P < .001). Among patients readmitted or seen in the ED after initial pharmacist intervention, 28.3% occurred within 30 days of hospital discharge. Acute health care utilization was considered preventable in seven (29.2%) hospital readmissions and three (13.6%) ED visits. Average time between admissions increased by 6.6 days (P = .020). Provider‐pharmacist discharge co‐visits were completed for 75% of patients and a total of 182 pharmacist interventions were performed. Median time to first discharge follow‐up visit was six days (interquartile range, 4‐8).ConclusionIncorporating a pharmacist into an established TOC team, working across both the inpatient and outpatient settings, resulted in a significant decrease in number of acute health care encounters per patient and increased time out of the hospital.
Fumonisin B1‐induced mitochondrial toxicity and hepatoprotective potential of rooibos: An update
Authors: Sheik Abdul Naeem , Marnewick Jeanine L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFumonisins are a family of potentially carcinogenic mycotoxins produced byFusarium verticillioides. Several fumonisins have been identified with fumonisin B1(FB1) being the most toxic. The canonical mechanism of FB1toxicity is centered on its structural resemblance with sphinganine and consequent competitive inhibition of ceramide synthase and disruption of lipidomic profiles. Recent and emerging evidence at the molecular level has identified the disruption of mitochondria and excessive generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) as alternative/additional mechanisms of toxicity. The understanding of how these pathways contribute to FB1toxicity can lead to the identification of novel, effective approaches to protecting vulnerable populations. Natural compounds with antioxidant properties seem to protect against the induced toxic effects of FB1. Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), endemic to South Africa, has traditionally been used as a medicinal herbal tea with strong scientific evidence supporting its anecdotal claims. The unique composition of phytochemicals and combination of metabolic activators, adaptogens and antioxidants make rooibos an attractive yet underappreciated intervention for FB1toxicoses. In the search for a means to address FB1toxicoses as a food safety problem in developing countries, phytomedicine and traditional knowledge systems must play an integral part. This review aims to summarize the growing body of evidence succinctly, which highlights mitochondrial dysfunction as a secondary toxic effect responsible for the FB1‐induced generation of ROS. We further propose the potential of rooibos to combat this induced toxicity based on its integrated bioactive properties, as a socio‐economically viable strategy to prevent and/or repair cellular damage caused by FB1.
Environmentally friendly green approach for the fabrication of silver oxide nanoparticles: Characterization and diverse biomedical applications
Authors: Abbasi Banzeer Ahsan , Iqbal Javed , Nasir Jamal Abdul , Zahra Syeda Anber , Shahbaz Amir , Uddin Siraj , Hameed Safia , Gul Farhat , Kanwal Sobia , Mahmood Tariq 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present study, green silver nanoparticles (Ag2ONPs) were prepared from aqueous and ethanolic leaves extract of Rhamnus virgata in a facile, green, cost‐effective, and eco‐friendly way. The color changes from light brown to brownish black determined the synthesis of Ag2ONPs(Aq) and Ag2ONPs(Et). The phytofabrication of Ag2ONPs was confirmed using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques: energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared, X‐ray powder diffraction, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Detailed in vitro biological activities determined significant biopotentials for Ag2ONPs. The Ag2ONPs(Aq) and Ag2ONPs(Et) were investigated for anticancer potential against HUH‐7 (IC50: 9.075 μg/ml for Ag2O(Aq) and 25.66 μg/ml for Ag2O(Et)) and HepG2 (IC50: 25.18 μg/ml for Ag2O(Aq) and IC50: 27.74 μg/ml for Ag2O(Aq)) cell lines. Concentration‐dependent cytotoxicity was performed against brine‐shrimps (IC50: 36.04 μg/ml for Ag2O(Aq) and 28.82 μg/ml for Ag2O(Et)) and Leishmanial parasite (amastigotes and promastigotes). Disc‐diffusion method revealed significant antimicrobial activities. In addition, significant enzyme inhibitory activity and antiradical potentials were studied. The hemocompatible nature of Ag2ONPs(Aq) and Ag2ONPs(Et) was revealed using biocompatibility tests. In conclusion, the green Ag2ONPs(Aq) and Ag2ONPs(Et) are nontoxic and biocompatible and has shown significant biological activities. We further encourage in vivo studies to ensure biosafety and biocompatibility, so that they can be effectively utilized in nano‐pharmaceutical industries.
Beyond lipid peroxidation: Distinct mechanisms observed for POPC and POPG oxidation initiated by UV‐enhanced Fenton reactions at the air–water interface
Authors: Zhang Dongmei , Gong Chu , Wang Jie , Mu Chaonan , Wang Wei , Zhang Xinxing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFenton or Fenton‐like reactions are ubiquitous in nature, and the hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated in these reactions are accountable for a plethora of oxidation processes both in the environment and in vivo. Among these oxidation reactions, lipid oxidation initiated by ·OH radicals has long been oversimplified as a peroxidation mechanism, but in reality, it is a highly complicated process that can result in a large variety of products. Using the unique field‐induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry (FIDI‐MS) methodology that is capable of selective sampling of amphiphilic molecules that reside at the air–water interface, here, we show distinct mechanisms from the ultraviolet (UV)‐enhanced Fenton oxidations of two phospholipids, POPC and POPG, even though these two lipids possess the same functional groups that are vulnerable to ·OH attack. We postulate that it is the different packing densities that determine the permeability of ambient NO molecules into the monolayers, resulting in highly distinct reaction pathways and products. We anticipate that this work will be a wake‐up call that the lipid peroxidation mechanism is sometimes taken for granted and that lipid oxidation can be subtly affected by various factors that deserves deeper investigations.
Method for rapidly discovering active components in Yupingfeng granules by UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Li Moying , Yue Xinyi , Gao Yongjian , Zhang Bei , Yuan Chunping , Wu Tong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractYupingfeng granules (YPFG) were isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation composed of three herbs (Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, and Saposhnikoviae Radix). This formulation is used in TCM to tonify qi, and it can help strengthen exterior and reduce sweating. Nevertheless, the active components of YPFG remain unclear. In this study, the chemical constituents of YPFG were systematically characterized by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/ quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS). Fifty‐eight compounds, namely, 20 flavonoids, 19 saponins, nine organic acids, four volatile coumarins, three lactones, one alkaloid, and two other components, were identified. In addition, the constituents of YPFG with the potential for in vivo bioactivities following oral administration were investigated in Sprague–Dawley rats. Thirteen compounds, namely, 11 flavonoid‐related and 2 saponin‐related components, were detected in rat plasma. After enriching flavonoids and saponins in YPFG by extraction, the extracts and YPFG were administrated to immunosuppressed rats, respectively. Plasma samples were analyzed by UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS, and principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that the extracts had similar effects to YPFG. This method could discover active ingredients in YPFG quickly and provide a scientific basis for quality control and mechanism research.