bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pharmacist informatician: providing an innovative model of care during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Falconer Nazanin , Monaghan Corey , Snoswell Centaine L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The global coronavirus pandemic has expedited digitisation in every industry, especially healthcare, and has highlighted the potential for informatics pharmacists to provide valuable input into crisis management. Informatics pharmacists can combine their clinical and information technology skills to help provide essential patient safety services related to medication management, procurement and analytics. The objective of this study was to determine the key opportunities for a pharmacist informatician to improve patient care and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Fourteen expert informatics professionals involved in the provision of digital health in Queensland, Australia, were invited to participate in a brief semistructured interview. Transcripts were manually coded, through iterative readings of the text to identify participant responses related to opportunities for a pharmacist informatician to assist during COVID-19. Inductive thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke, was used to identify groups of text related to the provision of digital health, informatics and change of practice during a pandemic. The relevant codes were then grouped into themes to help answer the research question.

Key findings
Twelve experts agreed to participate, they included nine informatics pharmacists and three digital health experts from hospital and community. Two key themes and 13 codes related to enabling safer and more efficient workflow and use of data analytics to optimise care were identified. The first theme related to ‘social distancing without compromising care’ for example, by using the electronic capabilities of digital hospitals and telehealth services. The second theme related to the use of real-time data streaming to optimise patient flow and timely medication procurement and management. Examples of quotes from transcripts were used to provide context and answer the research question.

Conclusions
The experts interviewed identified areas where informatics pharmacists have the potential to assist with maintaining high quality patient care during this pandemic, and in future disasters. Improving awareness, training, and the integration about informatics roles as a result of this global pandemic will likely assist with future patient management in the event of future disasters.
The impact of computerised physician order entry on prescribing in general paediatric units in Hong Kong
Authors: Sin Conor Ming-Ho , Young Mei Wan , Lo Charles Cheuk Hang , Ma Po King , Chiu Wa Keung 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a closed-loop computerised physician order entry (CPOE) system on prescribing in a general paediatric unit in Hong Kong. We studied the effect of the CPOE system on medication prescribing error and the characteristics of these errors before and after the implementation of the system.

Methods
This was a single-site, prospective, observational study at a public hospital’s general paediatric unit in Hong Kong, conducted during the pre- and post-implementation of the system from March to April 2019 and 2020, respectively. Collected data included the number of medication orders processed, the number of prescribing errors identified, and the characteristics of errors, such as the severity, children’s age group, drug formulation, and drug class.

Key Findings
The prescribing error rate was significantly reduced from 6.7% to 3.9% after CPOE implementation. The causes of prescribing errors were found to be significantly different, as the implementation eradicated handwriting-related errors and reduced dosage selection-related errors. However, we found that CPOE increased other causes of error, such as missing entry of patient information that might affect the dispensing process, thus delaying patients in receiving their medications on time.

Conclusion
The CPOE system significantly reduced prescribing errors and altered some of the characteristics of these errors. Poor system design or inadequate user training could result in the creation of new causes of error.
Bushfires, COVID-19 and Australian community pharmacists: ongoing impact on mental health and wellbeing
Authors: McCallum Blake Andrew , Dunkley Kay , Hotham Elizabeth , Suppiah Vijayaprakash 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The nation was recovering from the aftermath of the catastrophic 2019–2020 bushfires when the first cases of the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in Australia. During the peak of the pandemic, Australia closed both its state and international borders to all travelers and interstate travel was very tightly regulated. Community pharmacists and pharmacy staff were one of the very few primary healthcare workers still serving their communities during these periods of strict lockdown. In this personal view article, the challenges and their toll on the mental health and wellbeing of these “essential workers” are described.

Key findings
Community pharmacists and pharmacy staff were under immense pressure to remain open and serve their communities amidst rapidly changing legislation and, at times, conflicting advice from the range of Australian health agencies. Rapid changes to workload and workflow were combined with the dilemma of balancing professional obligations with the personal duty of keeping themselves and their sometimes geographically distant families safe. Fluctuating demands and traumatic situations found community pharmacy staff often feeling distressed and underprepared.

Summary
Despite a global pandemic following a season of extraordinary bushfires, it has barely been acknowledged that community pharmacy staff are one of the highest risk groups for long-term psychological impacts. To our knowledge, very little research has addressed the toll of these cataclysmic events on this group of essential healthcare workers.
A scoping review of research on Canadian team-based primary care pharmacists
Authors: Miller Matthew J , Pammett Robert T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
An ageing population with an increasing prevalence of chronic disease and complex medication regimens has placed a strain on healthcare systems in Canada. A limited number of team-based primary care pharmacists are integrated into primary care clinics across the country, working alongside other members of the health care team to identify and resolve drug therapy problems and improve outcomes. While many studies have been completed in the area, the extent of research on integrated team-based primary care pharmacists in Canada is unknown. The objectives of this work were to describe the literature that exists surrounding pharmacists in a primary health care team setting in Canada. A scoping review of research focusing on pharmacists in team-based primary health care settings in Canada was performed. Thematic analysis was then performed to categorize the identified studies.

Key findings
The search identified 874 articles, of which 93 met inclusion criteria relevant to the objective. From these 93 studies, 4 themes and 23 subthemes were identified, with some studies having more than one theme or subtheme. Themes identified were the following: primary care pharmacist scope of practice (n = 79 studies), collaboration/communication within the primary care setting (n = 26), chronic disease management (n = 24) and ‘other’ (n = 15).

Summary
This research quantified and categorized 93 studies on pharmacists in interprofessional primary care teams in Canada. As this is an expanding role for pharmacists in Canada, understanding the current state of the literature is an important consideration when developing future team-based primary care roles.
Time to Revisit Classical Film Theory
Authors: Hunt Lester H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Film audiences are no longer in a position to know for certain which images, or features of images they see on the screen were created by photography and which were created in a computer. Yet they are reacting to the advent of computer graphics as if it is merely a technical improvement, not a change in the nature of film itself. This would mean that one of the most influential early theories of film—realism—is wrong. It held that film is by nature photographic and that its unique value is to afford the audience the physical connection with reality that photography, uniquely among pictorial media, brings. I argue that the audience is right about this. Even as applied to purely photographic films, realism was simply a mistake.
Science Fiction as a Genre
Authors: Terrone Enrico 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Regardless of whether one agrees or disagrees with Stacie Friend’s claim that fiction is a genre, her notion of genre can be fruitfully applied to a paradigmatic genre such as science fiction. This article deploys Friend’s notion of genre in order to improve the influential characterization of science fiction proposed by Darko Suvin and to defend it from a criticism recently raised by Simon Evnine. According to Suvin, a work of science fiction must concern “a fictional ‘novum’ (novelty, innovation) validated by cognitive logic.” While Suvin conceives of his characterization as a necessary and sufficient condition for membership in the genre, I propose to cast the notions of “fictional novum” and “cognitive validation” as standard features of the genre, which works of science fiction should have but might lack. I argue that this amended version of Suvin’s characterization can better account for two basic properties of science fiction as a genre, namely its historicity and its relevance to appreciation. Lastly, I show that the amended version can shed some light on the affinity between works of science fiction and philosophical thought experiments.
Harlequin Resistance? Romance Novels as a Model for Resisting Objectification
Authors: Kolmes Sara , Hoffman Matthew A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Romance novels are primarily aimed at, written about, and written for women. They have been accused of being fantasies which feature sexually objectified heroines who are passive recipients of overwhelming masculine sexual energy. After shoring up these critiques of romance novels with A.W. Eaton’s account of how art can objectify its subjects, we examine a challenge to romance novels: does the sexual content in romance novels objectify its heroines? There is strong reason to think so. However, we argue that careful attention to the ways art can objectify its subject reveals that romance novels are structured to make it impossible for their heroines to be objectified. In many cases, individual signs of objectification are raised as possible outcomes and dismissed as part of the plot of a romance novel. Satisfying sex in a romance novel does not appear until it is impossible for the romantic heroine to be objectified. Understood in this way, romance novels serve as a model for one way that objectification could be avoided. The fantasy of a romance novel is not objectifying sex. It is sex free of objectification.
Fiction, Philosophy, and Television: The Case of Law and Order: Special Victims Unit
Authors: Vidmar Jovanović Iris 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article lies at the intersection of two problems: the one concerning the potential of fictional works to inform us about our social reality and foster our understanding of its various aspects, and the one concerning their potential to engage with philosophical issues. I bring these two together by analyzing the hit television series Law and Order: Special Victims Unit. According to my interpretation, the series is informative about our social world, and it raises philosophical concerns about it. This makes it well-equipped to fulfill the educative function attributed to mass art by Noël Carroll, and to stand out as an example of what he calls popular philosophy. To support this interpretation, I rely on contemporary views regarding the nature of our engagements with fictional narratives. I then explore how philosophical concerns are generated and I elaborate on the role they have in deepening one’s understanding of one’s social circumstances. I further show how the series provides innovative and independent philosophical knowledge by means specific to the medium of generic serialized fiction. The central part of my argument is an analysis of the narrative strategies which enable the informative and philosophical aspects of the series to generate the series’ educative function.
‘Beauty’ and the ‘Beautiful’: a Computational Analysis of the Company They Kept Across the Eighteenth-century Corpus
Authors: Regan John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This article is a computational enquiry into the different ways in which two words, assumed to be central to the eighteenth-century concept of aesthetics, were used across that century. Using word co-association measures designed specifically for this study, I show the markedly different lexis that surrounded the words ‘beauty’ and ‘beautiful’ in three decades of historical textual data from Eighteenth-Century Collections Online. Having demonstrated that these words were used in very different semantic contexts in the beginning, middle, and end of the century, the article presents semantic network diagrams which further demonstrate the distinctness of noun from adjective. I argue that while ‘beautiful’ is suspended in a semantic space that is recognizably aesthetic, ‘beauty’ is not. Furthermore, that which is deemed ‘beautiful,’ according to the evidence presented here, presents something of a challenge to received narratives of how the concept of aesthetics developed throughout the eighteenth century.
Seeing Through Photographs: Photography as a Transparent Visual Medium
Authors: Mizrahi Vivian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The idea that looking at a photograph is akin to face-to-face perception and that photographs provide genuine perceptual access to the objects they depict was notoriously defended by Kendall Walton in “Transparent Pictures.” Walton’s main thesis is that photographs are transparent in the sense that we can see objects through them. The main goal of this article is to support Walton’s view by providing a full account of photographic transparency. I will argue that the transparency that characterizes photography is not metaphorical but in fact exhibits all the essential properties of transparent materials. To understand how a photograph can be transparent, one must understand the special type of causal connection between a photograph and what it shows. Building on Fritz Heider’s work, I will argue that photography is a visual medium, like air, water, glass, or mirrors, capable of transmitting the visual properties of distant objects to the perceiver.
The Argument from Extreme Difficulty in Video Games
Authors: Artis Aderemi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Many video games require complex, rapid sequences of skilled bodily movements in order to complete game-world tasks. It is not unreasonable to think that this might interfere with our ability to aesthetically appreciate such video games. I present two versions of this argument from extreme difficulty: a strong version and a weak version. While extant treatments of the aesthetics of video games can be used to rebut the strong version, the weak version remains recalcitrant. I develop a reply to the weak version, use it to clarify key features of reasons used by video-game critics to argue in favor of their critical judgments, and to illuminate the development of video games over time.
Discovery of novel secondary metabolites encoded in actinomycete genomes through coculture
Authors: Kim Ji Hun , Lee Namil , Hwang Soonkyu , Kim Woori , Lee Yongjae , Cho Suhyung , Palsson Bernhard O , Cho Byung-Kwan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Actinomycetes are a rich source of bioactive natural products important for novel drug leads. Recent genome mining approaches have revealed an enormous number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (smBGCs) in actinomycetes. However, under standard laboratory culture conditions, many smBGCs are silent or cryptic. To activate these dormant smBGCs, several approaches, including culture-based or genetic engineering-based strategies, have been developed. Above all, coculture is a promising approach to induce novel secondary metabolite production from actinomycetes by mimicking an ecological habitat where cryptic smBGCs may be activated. In this review, we introduce coculture studies that aim to expand the chemical diversity of actinomycetes, by categorizing the cases by the type of coculture partner. Furthermore, we discuss the current challenges that need to be overcome to support the elicitation of novel bioactive compounds from actinomycetes.
Strategies to reduce healthcare costs: what medical conditions are US seniors treating with Mexican pharmaceuticals?
Authors: Dalstrom Matthew , Chung Ryan , Castronovo Lynette M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The high price of pharmaceuticals in USA has caused patients, health insurance plans and policy makers to explore the possibility of purchasing pharmaceuticals in Mexico. However, it is unclear if the practice would lower costs and whether US patients would be willing to purchase pharmaceuticals in Mexico. Focusing on seniors who spend the winter along the Texas/Mexico border, Winter Texans, the purpose of this study was to identify their most common health problems and whether they used Mexican pharmaceuticals to manage those problems.

Methods
Data for this cross-sectional pilot study were collected through sending an online survey to 1040 seniors on the Winter Texan Migrant Panel. A total of 311 completed the survey and the data were analysed.

Key findings
The most common medical conditions were pain (69%), high cholesterol (37%) and arthritis (32%). Half of the respondents purchased a total of 293 Mexican pharmaceuticals with 77.5% indicating that the lower cost influenced their decision. The most frequently treated conditions with Mexican pharmaceuticals were infections (37%), pain (28%) and acid reflux (24.4%).

Conclusions
Seniors did not treat their most common medical conditions with Mexican medication, except for pain. Instead, they used it for more minor and acute problems. This suggests that the decision of where to purchase a pharmaceutical is complex and not exclusively dependent on cost. Therefore, legislation and health insurance plans that encourage seniors to purchase pharmaceuticals abroad might be successful for lowering the cost of treatment for some medical conditions but not others.
Pharmacist-led heart failure patient focus group using mobile apps-based intervention mix
Authors: Hani Naira , Zachariah Seeba , Thomas Dixon , Cooper Jason C 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe impact of clinical pharmacists on inpatient heart failure (HF) care has been proven in many studies. Evidence regarding the use of mobile apps by pharmacists to achieve positive clinical outcomes in HF is limited. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of a pharmacist-led HF patient focus group using mobile apps-based intervention mix.MethodsIn this pre–post-exploratory study, using an intervention mix of hospital discharge counselling, MyTherapy app, WhatsApp and occasional phone calls to improve clinical outcomes in HF. Patient medication adherence, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and 30-day all-cause hospital readmission rate were assessed. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to find statistical significance of improvements in medication adherence and HRQoL using SPSS software version 26.Key findingsThe intervention mix of initial hospital-discharge counselling, MyTherapy app, follow-up with the WhatsApp group and occasional phone calls established an effective communication with patients. All 10 patients had improvements in their clinical outcomes. Significant improvements in medication adherence and HRQoL were found (Z-value −2.810 and Z-value −2.805, respectively; 95% confidence interval). No patients were readmitted in 30 days or within 3 months of study.ConclusionsA pharmacist-led HF patient focus group using mobile apps-based intervention mix was found to be effective in improving clinical outcomes in HF patients. Further research should be performed on long-term effects of our approach.
Utility of information in package inserts by pharmacists and pharmacy clients in a metropolitan city in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Segun Showande Johnson , Victor Babalola Olumuyiwa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective
Package inserts provide relevant information to patients and health care professionals on the safety and rational use of drugs. This study evaluated the utility of package inserts by pharmacy clients for information, and by pharmacists during consultation and counselling with patients.

Methods
This cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire-based study was conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria among 705 pharmacy clients and 344 community and hospital pharmacists. The questionnaire had a 12-item and a 14-item package insert utility scale for pharmacists and pharmacy clients, respectively. The level of utility and association between demographic variables and package insert utility scores were determined with Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests at P &lt; 0.05.

Key findings
The response rate was 88.2% for pharmacy clients and 67.2% for pharmacists. Most of the pharmacy clients, 459 (73.8%), check for package inserts in drug packs. The most assessed information in package inserts was dose 432 (69.5%). Some of the pharmacy clients, 276 (44.4%), considered information from health professionals more reliable than that in package inserts. The pharmacy clients’ level of education was associated with package insert utility score (P = 0.001). Most of the pharmacists, 137 (59.3%), read package inserts but only 36 (15.6%) consulted package inserts during counselling with patients. The pharmacists’ age and the number of years spent in practice were significantly associated with package insert utility scores (P &lt; 0.05). The level of utility of the information in package inserts by the pharmacy clients and the pharmacists was moderate – 66.8 and 60.0%, respectively.

Conclusion
Both pharmacists and pharmacy clients use package insert content moderately. Pharmacy clients rely more on information provided by health professionals than the information in package inserts but pharmacists seldom consult package inserts during counselling process.