bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An in vitro assessment of the physical properties of manually- mixed and encapsulated glass-ionomer cements
Authors: Al-Taee Lamis , Deb Sanjukta , Banerjee Avijit 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The last decade has seen a variety of modifications of glass-ionomer cements (GICs), such as inclusion of bioactive glass particles and dispensing systems. Hence, the aim was to systematically evaluate effect of mixing modes and presence of reactive glass additives on the physical properties of several GICs.

Materials and methods
The physical properties of eight commercial restorative GICs; Fuji IX GP Extra (C&H), KetacTM Fill Plus Applicap (C&H), Fuji II LC (C&H), Glass Carbomer Cement and Equia® Forte Fil, capsulated versus manually mixed were assessed. 256 cylindrical specimens were prepared for compressive strength and microhardness, whilst 128 disc-shaped specimens were prepared for biaxial flexural strength tests. Fluid uptake and fluoride release were assessed. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Games-Howell post-hoc tests (alpha = 0.05).

Results
Both encapsulated GIC/RMGICs exhibited significantly improved mechanical properties in comparison to manually mixed equivalents, which in turn showed higher fluid uptake and early fluoride release (p < 0.05). The glass carbomer cement exhibited improved mechanical properties post ageing and evidence of mineral deposits were apparent in the microstructure.

Conclusions
The mixing mode and inclusion of reactive glass additives in cements had a statistically significant effect on physical properties of the selected GICs-RMGICs.
The genetic architecture of human brainstem structures and their involvement in common brain disorders
Authors: Elvsåshagen Torbjørn , Bahrami Shahram , van der Meer Dennis , Agartz Ingrid , Alnæs Dag , Barch Deanna M. , Baur-Streubel Ramona , Bertolino Alessandro , Beyer Mona K. , Blasi Giuseppe , Borgwardt Stefan , Boye Birgitte , Buitelaar Jan , Bøen Erlend , Celius Elisabeth Gulowsen , Cervenka Simon , Conzelmann Annette , Coynel David , Di Carlo Pasquale , Djurovic Srdjan , Eisenacher Sarah , Espeseth Thomas , Fatouros-Bergman Helena , Flyckt Lena , Franke Barbara , Frei Oleksandr , Gelao Barbara , Harbo Hanne Flinstad , Hartman Catharina A. , Håberg Asta , Heslenfeld Dirk , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Høgestøl Einar A. , Jonassen Rune , Jönsson Erik G. ,   Karolinska Schizophrenia Project (KaSP) consortium, Farde L. , Flyckt L. , Engberg G. , Erhardt S S. , Fatouros-Bergman H. , Cervenka S. , Schwieler L. , Piehl F. , Agartz I. , Collste K. , Victorsson P. , Malmqvist A. , Hedberg M. , Orhan F. , Sellgren C. M. , Kirsch Peter , Kłoszewska Iwona , Lagerberg Trine Vik , Landrø Nils Inge , Le Hellard Stephanie , Lesch Klaus-Peter , Maglanoc Luigi A. , Malt Ulrik F. , Mecocci Patrizia , Melle Ingrid , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Moberget Torgeir , Nordvik Jan Egil , Nyberg Lars , Connell Kevin S. O’ , Oosterlaan Jaap , Papalino Marco , Papassotiropoulos Andreas , Pauli Paul , Pergola Giulio , Persson Karin , de Quervain Dominique , Reif Andreas , Rokicki Jaroslav , van Rooij Daan , Shadrin Alexey A. , Schmidt André , Schwarz Emanuel , Selbæk Geir , Soininen Hilkka , Sowa Piotr , Steen Vidar M. , Tsolaki Magda , Vellas Bruno , Wang Lei , Westman Eric , Ziegler Georg C. , Zink Mathias , Andreassen Ole A. , Westlye Lars T. , Kaufmann Tobias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBrainstem regions support vital bodily functions, yet their genetic architectures and involvement in common brain disorders remain understudied. Here, using imaging-genetics data from a discovery sample of 27,034 individuals, we identify 45 brainstem-associated genetic loci, including the first linked to midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata volumes, and map them to 305 genes. In a replication sample of 7432 participants most of the loci show the same effect direction and are significant at a nominal threshold. We detect genetic overlap between brainstem volumes and eight psychiatric and neurological disorders. In additional clinical data from 5062 individuals with common brain disorders and 11,257 healthy controls, we observe differential volume alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, multiple sclerosis, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease, supporting the relevance of brainstem regions and their genetic architectures in common brain disorders.
Efficient variance components analysis across millions of genomes
Authors: Pazokitoroudi Ali , Wu Yue , Burch Kathryn S. , Hou Kangcheng , Zhou Aaron , Pasaniuc Bogdan , Sankararaman Sriram 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile variance components analysis has emerged as a powerful tool in complex trait genetics, existing methods for fitting variance components do not scale well to large-scale datasets of genetic variation. Here, we present a method for variance components analysis that is accurate and efficient: capable of estimating one hundred variance components on a million individuals genotyped at a million SNPs in a few hours. We illustrate the utility of our method in estimating and partitioning variation in a trait explained by genotyped SNPs (SNP-heritability). Analyzing 22 traits with genotypes from 300,000 individuals across about 8 million common and low frequency SNPs, we observe that per-allele squared effect size increases with decreasing minor allele frequency (MAF) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) consistent with the action of negative selection. Partitioning heritability across 28 functional annotations, we observe enrichment of heritability in FANTOM5 enhancers in asthma, eczema, thyroid and autoimmune disorders.
Analysis of erythrocyte signalling pathways during Plasmodium falciparum infection identifies targets for host-directed antimalarial intervention
Authors: Adderley Jack D. , John von Freyend Simona , Jackson Sarah A. , Bird Megan J. , Burns Amy L. , Anar Burcu , Metcalf Tom , Semblat Jean-Philippe , Billker Oliver , Wilson Danny W. , Doerig Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntracellular pathogens mobilize host signaling pathways of their host cell to promote their own survival. Evidence is emerging that signal transduction elements are activated in a-nucleated erythrocytes in response to infection with malaria parasites, but the extent of this phenomenon remains unknown. Here, we fill this knowledge gap through a comprehensive and dynamic assessment of host erythrocyte signaling during infection with Plasmodium falciparum. We used arrays of 878 antibodies directed against human signaling proteins to interrogate the activation status of host erythrocyte phospho-signaling pathways at three blood stages of parasite asexual development. This analysis reveals a dynamic modulation of many host signalling proteins across parasite development. Here we focus on the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-MET) and the MAP kinase pathway component B-Raf, providing a proof of concept that human signaling kinases identified as activated by malaria infection represent attractive targets for antimalarial intervention.
Corrosion mechanism of an equimolar AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy additively manufactured by electron beam melting
Authors: Yamanaka Kenta , Shiratori Hiroshi , Mori Manami , Omura Kazuyo , Fujieda Tadashi , Kuwabara Kosuke , Chiba Akihiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh-entropy alloys (HEAs) have emerged as a class of structural alloys with various attractive properties, and their application in additive manufacturing, which enables unprecedented thermal history and geometrical complexity, is promising for realising advanced materials. This study investigates the corrosion behaviour and passive film characteristics of an equimolar AlCoCrFeNi HEA additively manufactured by electron beam melting (EBM). Potentiodynamic polarisation in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution revealed that the bottom part of the EBM specimen shows better corrosion performance than a conventionally prepared cast specimen in terms of both corrosion and passivation current density, while a continuous increase in the current density without any apparent passivity was observed during the anodic polarisation of the top part. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study indicated significant differences in the passive film characteristics between the specimens, and revealed an enhanced charge-transfer resistance and the formation of a more protective passive film of the bottom part. The elemental redistribution, in particular, the enrichment of Cr in the B2 phase during the post-melt high-temperature exposure of the alloy during EBM, was responsible for the improved stability of the passive film, retarding the selective dissolution of the B2 phase in the bottom part. These findings indicate that the microstructural evolution caused by ‘in situ annealing’ during the EBM process significantly influences the corrosion behaviour of the HEA.
The clinical and urodynamic outcomes of single-incision mesh surgery using the Uphold system for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Wu Pei-Chi , Wu Chin-Hu , Liu Yiyin , Loo Zixi , Lin Kun-Ling , Long Cheng-Yu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study aims to assess the clinical and urodynamic outcomes of single-incision mesh surgery with the Uphold system. The medical records of 140 women with anterior and/or apical compartment prolapse stage 2 or greater who underwent Uphold mesh surgeries were reviewed. The clinical evaluation included a pelvic examination, a urodynamic study (UDS), and a personal interview to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). After a follow-up time of 12–30 months, the anatomical reduction rates were 100% and 96.4% for the apical and anterior compartments, respectively, and these rates were similar across women with or without hysterectomy. All of the LUTS and several UDS parameters improved significantly. The continence rate in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) was improved if they also underwent a mid-urethral sling (MUS) operation. However, the continence rate did not differ between women with and without occult urodynamic stress incontinence who did not undergo a concomitant MUS operation. The rate of vaginal mesh extrusion was 2.8%, and this complication rarely occurred beyond the learning curve. In conclusion, the anatomic correction of the Uphold system was satisfactory with a low rate of mesh extrusion. Women with SUI would benefit from a concomitant MUS operation.
Vanishing fine structure splitting in highly asymmetric InAs/InP quantum dots without wetting layer
Authors: Zieliński Michał 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContrary to simplified theoretical models, atomistic calculations presented here reveal that sufficiently large in-plane shape elongation of quantum dots can not only decrease, but even reverse the splitting of the two lowest optically active excitonic states. Such a surprising cancellation of bright-exciton splitting occurs for shape-anisotropic nanostructures with realistic elongation ratios, yet without a wetting layer, which plays here a vital role. However, this non-trivial effect due to shape-elongation is strongly diminished by alloy randomness resulting from intermixing of InAs quantum-dot material with the surrounding InP matrix. Alloying randomizes, and to some degree flattens the shape dependence of fine-structure splitting giving a practical justification for the application of simplified theories. Finally, we find that the dark-exciton spectra are rather weakly affected by alloying and are dominated by the effects of lateral elongation.
A Markov chain model of particle deposition in the lung
Authors: Sonnenberg Adam H. , Herrmann Jacob , Grinstaff Mark W. , Suki Béla 
Published: August 2020

AbstractParticle deposition in the lung during inhalation is of interest to a wide range of biomedical sciences due to the noninvasive therapeutic route to deliver drugs to the lung and other organs via the blood stream. Before reaching the alveoli, particles must transverse the bifurcating network of airways. Computational fluid mechanical studies are often used to estimate high-fidelity flow patterns through the large conducting airways, but there is a need for reduced-dimensional modeling that enables rapid parameter optimization while accommodating the complete airway network. Here, we introduce a Markov chain model with each state corresponding to an airway segment in which a particle may be located. The local flows and transition probabilities of the Markov chain, verified against computational fluid dynamics simulations, indicate that the independent effects of three fundamental forces (gravity, fluid drag, diffusion) provide a sufficient approximation of overall particle behavior. The model enables fast computation of how different inhalation strategies, called flow policies, determine total particle escape rates and local particle deposition. In a 3-dimensional airway tree model, the optimal flow policy minimizing the risk of deposition at each generation, compared to other inlet flow waveforms, predicted significantly higher probability of escape defined as the fraction of particles exiting the tree. The model also predicts a small influence of body orientation with respect to a gravitational field on total escape probability, but a significant effect of airway narrowing on regional deposition. In summary, this model provides insight into inhalation strategies for targeted drug delivery.
Background choice and immobility as context dependent tadpole responses to perceived predation risk
Authors: Eterovick Paula Cabral , Kloh Jéssica Stephanie , Figueredo Cleber Cunha , Viana Pedro Igor Macário , Goulart Marcella , Milan David Travassos , Fonseca Melissa Bravo , Martins Ítalo Moreira , Pinheiro Luan Tavares , Quintão Rúbia Praxedes , Melo Thais Kelly Fagundes , Magalhães Rodolfo Assis , Campos Caio Motta , Ferreira Vanessa Cristina Monteiro , de Oliveira Ana Laura , Vences Miguel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe association of immobility and camouflage is widespread as a defensive mechanism in prey from varied taxa. However, many experiments assessing the reaction of prey to predator cues are conducted under artificial laboratory conditions. In a previous experiment we observed the tadpoles of Ololygon machadoi (Hylidae) to respond to predator visual and/or chemical cues by choosing backgrounds that improve their disruptive properties, but detected no associated reduction of movement. Here we experimentally demonstrate this response in the species' natural habitat, on backgrounds where the tadpoles are likely to achieve their best camouflage. We also tested whether previous experiences could influence both background choice and immobility in O. machadoi tadpoles. These novel experimental results suggest that a defensive behavior—i.e., reduction of movement—in these tadpoles is more strongly expressed under the natural conditions where they evolved, compared to laboratory conditions where prey and predator were brought into closer contact. Besides, previous experiences are likely to play an important role in expressed defensive responses.
Seasonal variation in tap water δ2H and δ18O isotopes reveals two tap water worlds
Authors: de Wet Ruan F. , West Adam G. , Harris Chris 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStable isotope ratios of hydrogen and oxygen (δ2H and δ18O) in tap water provide important insights into the way that people interact with and manage the hydrological cycle. Understanding how these interactions vary through space and time allows for the management of these resources to be improved, and for isotope data to be useful in other disciplines. The seasonal variation of δ2H and δ18O in tap water within South Africa was assessed to identify municipalities that are supplied by seasonally invariant sources that have long residence periods, such as groundwater, and those supplied by sources that vary seasonally in a manner consistent with evapoconcentration, such as surface water—the proposed two tap water “worlds”. Doing so allows for the cost-effective spatial interpolation of δ2H and δ18O values that likely reflect that of groundwater, removing the residual error introduced by other sources that are dependent on discrete, isolated factors that cannot be spatially generalised. Applying the proposed disaggregation may also allow for the efficient identification of municipalities that are dependent on highly variable or depleted surface water resources, which are more likely to be vulnerable to climate and demographic changes.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of lithia/Li2RuO3 cathode by adding tris(trimethylsilyl)borate as electrolyte additive
Authors: Lee Byeong Gwan , Park Yong Joon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, we used tris(trimethylsilyl)borate (TMSB) as an electrolyte additive and analysed its effect on the electrochemical performance of lithia-based (Lithia/Li2RuO3) cathodes. Our investigation revealed that the addition of TMSB modified the interfacial reactions between a lithia-based cathode and an electrolyte composed of the carbonate solvents and the LiPF6salt. The decomposition of the LiPF6salt and the formation of Li2CO3and -CO2was successfully reduced through the use of TMSB as an electrolyte additive. It is inferred that the protective layer derived from the TMSB suppressed the undesirable side reaction associated with the electrolyte and superoxides (O-or O0.5-) formed in the cathode structure during the charging process. This led to the reduction of superoxide loss through side reactions, which contributed to the increased available capacity of the Lithia/Li2RuO3cathode with the addition of TMSB. The suppression of undesirable side reactions also decreased the thickness of the interfacial layer, reducing the impedance value of the cells and stabilising the cyclic performance of the lithia-based cathode. This confirmed that the addition of TMSB was an effective approach for the improvement of the electrochemical performance of cells containing lithia-based cathodes.
Metformin reduces saturated fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and inflammatory response by restoration of autophagic flux in endothelial cells
Authors: Kim Hae-Suk , Ren Guang , Kim Teayoun , Bhatnagar Sushant , Yang Qinglin , Bahk Young Yil , Kim Jeong-a 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAutophagy, an integral part of the waste recycling process, plays an important role in cellular physiology and pathophysiology. Impaired autophagic flux causes ectopic lipid deposition, which is defined as the accumulation of lipids in non-adipose tissue. Ectopic lipid accumulation is observed in patients with cardiometabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular complications. Metformin is the first line of treatment for type 2 diabetes, and one of the underlying mechanisms for the anti-diabetic effect of metformin is mediated by the stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Because the activation of AMPK is crucial for the initiation of autophagy, we hypothesize that metformin reduces the accumulation of lipid droplets by increasing autophagic flux in vascular endothelial cells. Incubation of vascular endothelial cells with saturated fatty acid (SFA) increased the accumulation of lipid droplets and impaired autophagic flux. We observed that the accumulation of lipid droplets was reduced, and the autophagic flux was enhanced by treatment with metformin. The knock-down of AMPKα by using siRNA blunted the effect of metformin. Furthermore, treatment with SFA or inhibition of autophagy increased leukocyte adhesion, whereas treatment with metformin decreased the SFA-induced leukocyte adhesion. The results suggest a novel mechanism by which metformin protects vascular endothelium from SFA-induced ectopic lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory responses. In conclusion, improving autophagic flux may be a therapeutic strategy to protect endothelial function from dyslipidemia and diabetic complications.
Effect of hardening and sealing on color of chemically colored stainless steel
Authors: Ji Keming , Ju Hongbin , Xun Jiayao , Su Yuan , Zhang Kan , Liu Ping , Xue Yongqiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA light reflection device combined with visible light spectrophotometer was used to measure the reflectance–wavelength curves of colored stainless steel after coloring, hardening and sealing. After these processes, the coordinate in CIE 1931 color coordinate system and brightness of samples were confirmed by chromatometry method, and the effects of hardening and sealing processes on color were determined. In hardening process, the thickness of coloring film increases significantly, the peaks of reflectance–wavelength curves move to the long-wave region, the hue of samples changes clockwise in CIE 1931 coordinate diagram, and the trend of saturation in hardening process is consistent with the saturation of the sample having larger potential difference. In sealing process, the thickness of film increases slightly, the peaks of reflectance–wavelength curves move to the long-wave region, the reflectivity and brightness of samples increase, the hue of samples moves clockwise in CIE 1931 coordinate diagram, and the saturation of some samples decreases.
Short and long-term evaluation of the impact of proton minibeam radiation therapy on motor, emotional and cognitive functions
Authors: Lamirault Charlotte , Doyère Valérie , Juchaux Marjorie , Pouzoulet Frederic , Labiod Dalila , Dendale Remi , Patriarca Annalisa , Nauraye Catherine , Le Dudal Marine , Jouvion Grégory , Hardy David , Massioui Nicole El , Prezado Yolanda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) is one of the most frequently used methods for cancer treatment. Despite remarkable advancements in RT techniquesthe treatment of radioresistant tumours (i.e. high-grade gliomas) is not yet satisfactory. Finding novel approaches less damaging for normal tissues is of utmost importance. This would make it possible to increase the dose applied to tumours, resulting in an improvement in the cure rate. Along this line, proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is a novel strategy that allows the spatial modulation of the dose, leading to minimal damage to brain structures compared to a high dose (25 Gy in one fraction) of standard proton therapy (PT). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether pMBRT also preserves important cerebral functions. Comprehensive longitudinal behavioural studies were performed in irradiated (peak dose of 57 Gy in one fraction) and control rats to evaluate the impact of pMBRT on motor function (motor coordination, muscular tonus, and locomotor activity), emotional function (anxiety, fear, motivation, and impulsivity), and cognitive function (learning, memory, temporal processing, and decision making). The evaluations, which were conducted over a period of 10 months, showed no significant motor or emotional dysfunction in pMBRT-irradiated rats compared with control animals. Concerning cognitive functions, similar performance was observed between the groups, although some slight learning delays might be present in some of the tests in the long term after irradiation. This study shows the minimal impact of pMBRT on the normal brain at the functional level.