bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital platform ecosystems
Authors: Hein Andreas , Schreieck Maximilian , Riasanow Tobias , Setzke David Soto , Wiesche Manuel , Böhm Markus , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDigital platforms are an omnipresent phenomenon that challenges incumbents by changing how we consume and provide digital products and services. Whereas traditional firms create value within the boundaries of a company or a supply chain, digital platforms utilize an ecosystem of autonomous agents to co-create value. Scholars from various disciplines, such as economics, technology management, and information systems have taken different perspectives on digital platform ecosystems. In this Fundamentals article, we first synthesize research on digital platforms and digital platform ecosystems to provide a definition that integrates both concepts. Second, we use this definition to explain how different digital platform ecosystems vary according to three core building blocks: (1) platform ownership, (2) value-creating mechanisms, and (3) complementor autonomy. We conclude by giving an outlook on four overarching research areas that connect the building blocks: (1) technical properties and value creation; (2) complementor interaction with the ecosystem; (3) value capture; and (4) the make-or-join decision in digital platform ecosystems.
Natural Radioactivity in Soil, Associated Radiation Exposure and Cancer Risk to Population of Eastern Haryana, India
Authors: Daulta Renu , Garg Vinod Kumar , Singh Balwinder 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study was undertaken to quantify the natural radioactivity in soil and associated radiation exposure to the inhabitants residing in Sonipat district, Haryana, India. A total of 120 soil samples were collected from 30 villages. These soil samples were quantified for naturally occurring radioactive materials activity using HPGe detector. Activity concentration of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra in the soil samples of study area ranged from 463.8 – 696.9 Bq kg-1, 31.4 – 37.9 Bq kg-1and 41.5 – 54.9 Bq kg-1, respectively. Radium equivalent (Raeq) values of all samples are lesser than maximum permissible limit (370 Bq kg”1) acceptable for safer use of soil as building material. Average value of Air absorbed dose (AAD) in the study area was comparable to the Indian average of 64 nGy h-1. Annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) in the study area was 0.0831 μSv y–1 that is lower than the global average of 70.0 μSv y–1. Annual Gonadal equivalent dose in study area was within the safe limit (1 μSv y–1). Excess life time cancer risk due to natural radio-activity of soil to population of area is negligibly small. Values of Gamma index (Iã), outside hazard index (Hex) and inside hazard index (Hin) are less than unity, indicating that there is no considerable health risk caused by natural radioactivity in soil in the study area.
On the preconditions for large-scale collective action
Authors: Jagers Sverker C. , Harring Niklas , Löfgren Åsa , Sjöstedt Martin , Alpizar Francisco , Brülde Bengt , Langlet David , Nilsson Andreas , Almroth Bethanie Carney , Dupont Sam , Steffen Will 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe phenomenon of collective action and the origin of collective action problems have been extensively and systematically studied in the social sciences. Yet, while we have substantial knowledge about the factors promoting collective action at the local level, we know far less about how these insights travel to large-scale collective action problems. Such problems, however, are at the heart of humanity’s most pressing challenges, including climate change, large-scale natural resource depletion, biodiversity loss, nuclear proliferation, antibiotic resistance due to overconsumption of antibiotics, and pollution. In this paper, we suggest an analytical framework that captures the theoretical understanding of preconditions for large-scale collective action. This analytical framework aims at supporting future empirical analyses of how to cope with and overcome larger-scale collective action problems. More specifically, we (i) define and describe the main characteristics of a large-scale collective action problem and (ii) explain why voluntary and, in particular,spontaneouslarge-scale collective action among individual actors becomes more improbable as the collective action problem becomes larger, thus demanding interventions by an external authority (a third party) for such action to be generated. Based on this, we (iii) outline an analytical framework that illustrates the connection between third-party interventions and large-scale collective action. We conclude by suggesting avenues for future research.
Ralstonia solanacearum, Ganoderma australe, and bacterial wetwood as predictors of ironwood tree (Casuarina equisetifolia) decline in Guam
Authors: Ayin C. M. , Alvarez A. M. , Awana C. , Schleinzer F. M. , Marx B. D. , Schlub R. L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIronwood (Casuarina equisetifoliasubsp.equisetifolia) trees on Guam have been in decline since 2002. This study applied proportional odds logistic multiple regression modeling to a set of biological variables in order to find significant decline predictors as a first step towards identifying pathogenic contributors. Based on the analysis of a set of 77 medium and large trees, the bacteriumRalstonia solanacearumand the fungusGanoderma australespecies complex were found to be significant predictors, withpvalues of <0.001 and < 0.008, respectively. Their respective values for symptomless trees were 18% and 0%, compared to 80% and 35% for those nearly dead trees of which 30% had both organisms and 15% had neither. More complex models were also fit, that included interactions. TheR. solanacearumbyG. australeinteraction was not a strong effect, indicating additive rather than multiplicative behavior of these effects on decline severity (pvalue>0.087). When nine covariates were applied univariately to a data subset of 30 tree cross-sections, the significance ofR. solanacearumwas strongly upheld while that ofG. australewas moderately reduced. Also significant were percent cross-sectional area with bacterial wetwood and the formation of ooze within 24 h. Wetwood bacteria ofKlebsiellaspp. andK. oxytocawere found across all levels of decline and were not significant predictors. Other enteric bacteria identified includedKosakonia,Enterobacter, Pantoea, Erwinia,andCitrobacter.
On the alternative approaches to stability analysis in decision support for damaged passenger ships
Authors: Ruponen Pekka , Pennanen Petri , Manderbacka Teemu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA decision support system with damage stability analysis has been recognized as an important tool for passenger ships. Various software applications have been developed and taken into use over the years, without a direct link to any compelling requirement, set forth in the international regulatory framework. After the Costa Concordia accident, new regulations have been established, setting minimum requirements for a decision support system, as an extension to a loading computer. Yet, more advanced systems have been developed recently, aiming at providing valuable additional information on the predicted development of the stability of the damaged ship. This paper presents these alternative decision support systems with damage stability analysis methods for flooding emergencies on passenger ships. The technical background, usability, and usefulness of the various approaches are compared and discussed, taking into account the important statutory approval point of view. In addition, practical examples, including past accidents, are presented and discussed.
The texture ordering in L10-FePt–Ag nanocomposites
Authors: Roghani R. , Sebt S. A. , Khajehnezhad A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
L10-FePt nanoparticles with different Ag percentages were prepared. The presence of 6% Ag in co-sputtering process with deposition rate of 1 $$ {\dot{A}}/\text{s} $$A˙/s at 500 °C led to the formation of FePt nanoparticles with 5–7 nm size in L10-fct phase. Moreover, Ag atoms laying in boundaries of these nanoparticles in these circumstances caused c axis to orient and (001) peak intensity in XRD spectrum to increase. This is the result of the indirect exchange interactions of Fe magnetic atoms through Ag atoms in these boundaries. Therefore, where L10-FePt grains have the most boundaries with each other, the order index would be maximum.
Intergenerational Ethical Issues and Communication Related to High-Level Nuclear Waste Repositories
Authors: Tondel Martin , Lindahl Lena 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose of Review
The nuclear power industry started in the 1950s and has now reached a phase of disposing high-level nuclear waste. Since the 1980s, the United Nations has developed a concept of sustainable development and governments have accordingly made ethical commitments to take responsibility towards future generations. The purpose of this review is to examine ethical dilemmas related to high-level nuclear waste disposal in a long-term perspective including potential access to the waste in the future. The time span considered here is 100,000 years based on current experts’ assessment of the radiological toxicity of the waste.

Recent Findings
In this review, we take into account findings on ethical issues related to the disposal of high-level nuclear waste put forward by the Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC), the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), nuclear waste management companies (SKB in Sweden and Posiva Oy in Finland), and several researchers. Some historical examples are presented for potential guidance on methods of communication into the future.

Summary
According to the sustainable development ethical principle, adopted by the United Nations, we conclude that governments with nuclear energy have committed themselves to protect future generations from harm related to high-level nuclear waste. This commitment involves the necessity to convey information together with the nuclear waste. Our paper examines disposal options chosen by Sweden and Finland, as well as some contemporary and historical efforts to design messages towards the future. We conclude that the international community still needs to find methods to communicate in an intelligible way over long periods of time.
The production of on-line dialysis water for extracorporeal dialysis: proposals for an increased safety upgrade: a viewpoint
Authors: Bolasco Piergiorgio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionAt the start of the 2000s, the progressive diffusion of high-flux extracorporeal dialysis and membranes saw an increased use of high infusion volumes injected into the patient’s blood circuit following the advent of on-line water production plants.MethodologyOur 15-year experience with on-line extracorporeal methodologies using very high infusion volumes has led to the detection of errors and weaknesses, thus allowing us to correct and provide for the implementation of appropriate technology in dialysis water production plants with the aim of ensuring a higher chemical-physical, bacteriological and endotoxin quality. The initial procedures had already been outlined in the 2005 Italian Guidelines, although still today Health Technicians and Nephrologists operating in the field are unable to take on board specific integrations for on-line methods due to a lack of upgrading of documentation in both European and non-European Guidelines.ResultsAfter more than 17 years’ experience, and in view of the technological implementations developed since 2005, we wish to put forward a series of suggestions in an attempt to improve the safety of on-line water, with uses ranging from drinking water, pre-treatment, osmosis, distribution circuit, hemodialysis monitors up to the most recent update of microbiological cultures.DiscussionAdditional, more stringent measures are required to prevent the occurrence of acute accidents during dialysis sessions and to reduce chronic inflammation-oxidation deriving from the use of not totally ultra-pure/sterile dialysis fluids.ConclusionOur point of view based on our long-standing experience, the proposals made relate to procedures to be applied in technological maintenance, which the consultant nephrologist and other relevant personnel such as microbiologists, biologists, and technical operators should adhere to rigorously to ensure that the production of dialysis water on-line is viewed on a par with a pharmacological administration.
A bilevel optimal motion planning (BOMP) model with application to autonomous parking
Authors: Shi Shenglei , Xiong Youlun , Chen Jiankui , Xiong Caihua 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present a bilevel optimal motion planning (BOMP) model for autonomous parking. The BOMP model treats motion planning as an optimal control problem, in which the upper level is designed for vehicle nonlinear dynamics, and the lower level is for geometry collision-free constraints. The significant feature of the BOMP model is that the lower level is a linear programming problem that serves as a constraint for the upper-level problem. That is, an optimal control problem contains an embedded optimization problem as constraints. Traditional optimal control methods cannot solve the BOMP problem directly. Therefore, the modified approximate Karush–Kuhn–Tucker theory is applied to generate a general nonlinear optimal control problem. Then the pseudospectral optimal control method solves the converted problem. Particularly, the lower level is the $$J_2$$J2-function that acts as a distance function between convex polyhedron objects. Polyhedrons can approximate objects in higher precision than spheres or ellipsoids. As a result, a fast high-precision BOMP algorithm for autonomous parking concerning dynamical feasibility and collision-free property is proposed. Simulation results and experiment on Turtlebot3 validate the BOMP model, and demonstrate that the computation speed increases almost two orders of magnitude compared with the area criterion based collision avoidance method.
Social media photos of substance use and their relationship to attitudes and behaviors among ethnic and racial minority emerging adult men living in low‐income areas
Authors: Lauckner Carolyn , Desrosiers Alethea , Muilenburg Jessica , Killanin Abraham , Genter Elizabeth , Kershaw Trace 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesEmerging adult minority males have inequitable negative consequences from substance abuse. They are also frequent users of social media, logging into popular sites up to 25 times per week on average, so there may be opportunities to use these technologies for better understanding and preventing substance use behaviors. Through mobile phone monitoring, this study examined how social media sites are used to post substance use‐related images and how posting such images is related to behaviors and attitudes. It also explored how self‐presentation of masculinity norms, such as coolness and toughness, was related to posting of substance use‐related photos.MethodsInstagram and/or Twitter posts of 65 minority males aged 18–25 living in low‐income areas were monitored for three months using phone tracking software. Over 2200 posted images were content analyzed to determine if they were related to alcohol or marijuana and if they displayed masculinity norms. Behavioral interviewing was also used to examine alcohol and marijuana attitudes, use, and problematic use. Analyses utilized t‐tests and multiple and logistic regression.ResultsMany participants posted at least one substance use‐related photo and a strong majority were exposed to such images through their network. Individuals who posted substance use‐related images had more “followers.” Posting substance‐use related photos was related to marijuana use attitudes, behaviors, and problem behaviors, as well as depictions of toughness in photos.ConclusionsSocial media monitoring has potential for use in identifying individuals at‐risk for substance abuse and those who may be perpetuating unhealthy substance use norms.
Interventions to reduce emergency department consultation time: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Beckerleg Weiwei , Wooller Krista , Hasimjia Delvina 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesOvercrowding in the emergency department (ED) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that consultation to decision time, defined as the time when a consultation has been accepted by a specialty service to the time when disposition decision is made, is one important contributor to the overall length of stay in the ED.The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the impact of workflow interventions on consultation to decision time and ED length of stay in patients referred to consultant services in teaching centres, and to identify barriers to reducing consultation to decision time.MethodsThis systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search was conducted to identify relevant studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and CINAHL databases. Study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were carried out by two independent reviewers.ResultsA total of nine full text articles were included in the review. All studies reported a decrease in consultation to decision time post intervention, and two studies reported cost savings. Interventions studied included short messaging service (SMS) messaging, education with audit and feedback, standardization of the admission process, implementation of institutional guideline, modification of the consultation process, and staffing schedules. Overall study quality was fair to poor.ConclusionsThe limited evidence suggests that audit and feedback in the form of SMS messaging, direct consultation to senior physicians, and standardization of the admission process may be the most effective and feasible interventions. Additional high-quality studies are required to explore sustainable interventions aimed at reducing consultation to decision time.
On the Need for Prospective Disaster Survey Panels
Authors: Parker Andrew M. , Edelman Amanda F. , Carman Katherine G. , Finucane Melissa L. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTDisasters are typically unforeseen, causing most social and behavioral studies about disasters to be reactive. Occasionally, predisaster data are available, for example, when disasters happen while a study is already in progress or where data collected for other purposes already exist, but planned pre-post designs are all but nonexistent. This gap fundamentally limits the quantification of disasters’ human toll. Anticipating, responding to, and managing public reactions require a means of tracking and understanding those reactions, collected using rigorous scientific methods. Oftentimes, self-reports from the public are the best or only source of information, such as perceived risk, behavioral intentions, and social learning. Significant advancement in disaster research, to best inform practice and policy, requires well-designed surveys with large probability-based samples and longitudinal assessment of individuals across the life-cycle of a disaster and across multiple disasters.
Using screeners to measure respondent attention on self-administered surveys: Which items and how many?
Authors: Berinsky Adam J. , Margolis Michele F. , Sances Michael W. , Warshaw Christopher 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInattentive respondents introduce noise into data sets, weakening correlations between items and increasing the likelihood of null findings. “Screeners” have been proposed as a way to identify inattentive respondents, but questions remain regarding their implementation. First, what is the optimal number of Screeners for identifying inattentive respondents? Second, what types of Screener questions best capture inattention? In this paper, we address both of these questions. Using item-response theory to aggregate individual Screeners we find that four Screeners are sufficient to identify inattentive respondents. Moreover, two grid and two multiple choice questions work well. Our findings have relevance for applied survey research in political science and other disciplines. Most importantly, our recommendations enable the standardization of Screeners on future surveys.
Effects of maternal diets on preterm birth and low birth weight: a systematic review
Authors: Gete Dereje G. , Waller Michael , Mishra Gita D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCurrent evidence indicates that maternal diets before and during pregnancy could influence rates of preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) births. However, findings have been inconsistent. This review summarised evidence concerning the effects of maternal diets before and during pregnancy on preterm birth, LBW and SGA. Systematic electronic database searches were carried out using PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane library using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. The review included forty eligible articles, comprising mostly of prospective cohort studies, with five randomised controlled trials. The dietary patterns during pregnancy associated with a lower risk of preterm birth were commonly characterised by high consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish and dairy products. Those associated with a lower risk of SGA also had similar characteristics, including high consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, seafood/fish and milk products. Results from a limited number of studies suggested there was a beneficial effect on the risk of preterm birth of pre-pregnancy diet quality characterised by a high intake of fruits and proteins and less intake of added sugars, saturated fats and fast foods. The evidence was mixed for the relationship between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and LBW. These findings indicate that better maternal diet quality during pregnancy, characterised by a high intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, dairy products and protein diets, may have a synergistic effect on reducing the risk of preterm birth and SGA.
There are no proper topological hyperbolic homoclinic classes for area-preserving maps
Authors: Bessa Mário , Torres Maria Joana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe begin by defining a homoclinic class for homeomorphisms. Then we prove that if a topological homoclinic class Λ associated with an area-preserving homeomorphism f on a surface M is topologically hyperbolic (i.e. has the shadowing and expansiveness properties), then Λ = M and f is an Anosov homeomorphism.