bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient genome editing in filamentous fungi via an improved CRISPR‐Cas9 ribonucleoprotein method facilitated by chemical reagents
Authors: Zou Gen , Xiao Meili , Chai Shunxing , Zhu Zhihua , Wang Ying , Zhou Zhihua 
Published: August 2020

SummaryDNA double‐strand break (DSB) repair induced by the RNA‐programmed nuclease Cas9 has become a popular method for genome editing. Direct genome editing via Cas9‐CRISPR gRNA (guide RNA) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes assembled in vitro has also been successful in some fungi. However, the efficiency of direct RNP transformation into fungal protoplasts is currently too low. Here, we report an optimized genome editing approach for filamentous fungi based on RNPs facilitated by adding chemical reagents. We increased the transformation efficiency of RNPs significantly by adding Triton X‐100 and prolonging the incubation time, and the editing efficiency reached 100% in Trichoderma reesei and Cordyceps militaris. The optimized RNP‐based method also achieved efficient (56.52%) homologous recombination integration with short homology arms (20 bp) and gene disruption (7.37%) that excludes any foreign DNA (selection marker) in T. reesei. In particular, after adding reagents related to mitosis and cell division, the further optimized protocol showed an increased ratio of edited homokaryotic transformants (from 0% to 40.0% for inositol and 71.43% for benomyl) from Aspergillus oryzae, which contains multinucleate spores and protoplasts. Furthermore, the multi‐target engineering efficiency of the optimized RNP transformation method was similar to those of methods based on in vivo expression of Cas9. This newly established genome editing system based on RNPs may be widely applicable to construction of genome‐edited fungi for the food and medical industries, and has good prospects for commercialization.
Successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for airway‐obstructing lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kitazawa Shinsuke , Kobayashi Naohiro , Ueda Sho , Enomoto Yuki , Inoue Yoshiaki , Shiozawa Toshihiro , Sekine Ikuo , Kawai Hitomi , Noguchi Masayuki , Sato Yukio 
Published: August 2020

Endobronchial‐invasive lung cancers are generally diagnosed at advanced stages and may require emergency treatment for airway obstruction. Stent implantation is a common intervention for such obstructed airways but certain subsets of patients cannot receive adequate treatment without respiratory support. Veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a salvage therapy for respiratory failure but its usefulness in managing patients with advanced lung cancer remains unclear given the poor prognosis. In recent years, molecular targeted agents for patients with driver mutations offer rapid responses and may be administered even while under critical care. In this report, we describe the case of 39‐year‐old female who presented to our emergency department with severe respiratory distress. A computed tomography scan revealed a large mediastinal tumor invading the tracheal carina causing severe stenosis of the left main bronchus and right main pulmonary artery. ECMO support was required as the respiratory condition remained unstable despite high pressure ventilation. Under ECMO support, the patient underwent bronchial stent implantation and was successfully weaned off ECMO. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as pulmonary adenocarcinoma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangement. Treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, alectinib, induced a marked tumor reduction within a short period. The patient recovered well and is now in remission one year later. This case indicates that intensive respiratory support with ECMO may become a bridge through the critical period for selected patients with respiratory failure secondary to advanced lung cancer.Key pointsSignificant findings of this studyECMO was important to maintain oxygenation during airway intervention for acute respiratory failure due to critical lung adenocarcinoma with ALK gene rearrangement.What this study addsWith the development of targeted therapies and the improvement in therapeutic bronchoscopy, intensive respiratory support with ECMO may be helpful especially in selected lung cancer patients with oncogenic driver mutations.
The influence of moral disengagement on responses to climate change
Authors: Leviston Zoe , Walker Iain 
Published: August 2020

Notions of moral responsibility and ethical obligation pervade social and political discourse about climate change in Australia. However, comparatively little is known about the importance of moral considerations in people’s mitigative and adaptive behaviours. Here, we draw on Bandura’s concept of moral disengagement to explore this issue. We conducted two nationally representative online surveys, 12 months apart. Participants were 5,030 Australian residents, of whom 1,355 participated in both surveys. We found that levels of moral engagement mediate between (a) opinions about the causes of climate change and pro‐environmental behaviour, (b) individual response efficacy and pro‐environmental behaviour, and (c) responsibility for causing climate change and pro‐environmental behaviour. Moreover, people placed more responsibility on groups and organisations, and less on individuals, for both causing and responding to climate change, regardless of their opinion on the causes of climate change. Longitudinal analyses showed that those who became more sceptical about anthropogenic climate change also became less morally engaged. Relatedly, those who became less morally engaged reported feeling less guilty about climate change, though there was evidence suggesting that this relationship is bidirectional. We suggest that moral disengagement is a key mechanism through which reductions in both effortful behaviour and guilt are achieved.
Longitudinal reciprocal relationships between self‐esteem, family support, and life satisfaction in Korean multicultural adolescents
Authors: Kim Eun Hye , Nho Choong Rai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examines longitudinal reciprocal relationships between self‐esteem, family support, and life satisfaction in Korean multicultural adolescents to draw implications for human service practice and policy. It uses data from the second (2012), fourth (2014), and sixth (2016) Waves of Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS), which included 1,307 multicultural adolescents. For the study, the authors used an autoregressive cross‐lagged model to test longitudinal relationships between the variables. The results show that self‐esteem, family support, and life satisfaction were stable over a 4‐year period and that they were mutually and positively significant, except for life satisfaction, which did not show any effect on family support in the fourth and sixth waves. The findings suggest that human service agencies, including school social work services and Multicultural Family Support centers, may develop programs to enhance self‐esteem, family support systems, and life satisfaction for Korean multicultural adolescents.
Beneficial actions of a long‐acting apelin analogue in diabetes are related to positive effects on islet cell turnover and transdifferentiation
Authors: Tanday Neil , Irwin Nigel , Moffett R. Charlotte , Flatt Peter R. , O'Harte Finbarr P. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe current study has tested the hypothesis that the positive effects of apelin receptor activation in diabetes are linked to benefits on islet cell apoptosis, proliferation and transdifferentiation using Ins1Cre/+;Rosa26‐eYFP transgenic mice and induction of diabetes‐like syndromes by streptozotocin (STZ) or high‐fat feeding.Materials and methodsGroups (n = 6–8) of streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice received once‐daily injection (25 nmol/kg) of the long‐acting acylated apelin‐13 analogue, pGlu(Lys8Glu‐PAL)apelin‐13 amide, for 10 or 12 days, respectively.ResultspGlu(Lys8Glu‐PAL)apelin‐13 amide treatment partly reversed body weight loss induced by STZ and normalized circulating insulin. There was no effect of pGlu(Lys8Glu‐PAL)apelin‐13 amide on these variables in HFD‐fed mice, but an increase in pancreatic insulin content was observed. pGlu(Lys8Glu‐PAL)apelin‐13 amide also fully, or partially, reversed the detrimental effects of STZ and HFD on plasma and pancreatic glucagon concentrations. In HFD‐fed mice, the apelin analogue decreased dietary‐induced elevations of islet, β‐ and α‐cell areas, whilst reducing α‐cell area in STZ‐induced diabetic mice. In terms of islet cell lineage, pGlu(Lys8Glu‐PAL)apelin‐13 amide effectively reduced β‐ to α‐cell transdifferentiation and helped maintain β‐cell identity, which was linked to elevated Pdx‐1 expression. These islet effects were coupled with decreased β‐cell apoptosis and α‐cell proliferation in both models, and there was an accompanying increase of β‐cell proliferation in STZ‐induced diabetic mice.ConclusionTaken together these data demonstrate, for the first time, that pancreatic islet benefits of sustained APJ receptor activation in diabetes are linked to favourable islet cell transition events, leading to maintenance of β‐cell mass.
What to do if streams go dry? Behaviour of Balkan Goldenring (Cordulegaster heros, Odonata) larvae in a simulated drought experiment in SW Hungary
Authors: Pernecker Bálint , Mauchart Péter , Csabai Zoltán 
Published: August 2020

In case of dryings, the hyporheic zone is one of the most important refugia for stream macroinvertebrate communities, including the few Odonata species living in these habitats, such as Cordulegaster species. There is no information on the desiccation resistance strategies and methods of any members of the genus, including Cordulegaster heros.
We hypothesised that the larvae use burrowing behaviour to survive droughts. In this study, beyond recording the survival rates of the larvae, we tested the effects of the sediment particle size and the body size of the larvae on burrowing behaviour in a 3‐week‐long simulated drought experiment in an indoor artificial stream system.
Eighty larvae were involved in the experiment, from which 60 were treated with drought, and 20 served as controls. Larvae were put into flowing water, into separate special compartments; 1 day later, the flow was ceased, and then, the water level was gradually decreased for 3 weeks.
Approximately 15% of larvae could survive the 3 weeks of drying. The survival probability of drought‐treated larvae was significantly increased if animals burrowed into the sediment. In addition, the survival probability was higher in case of fine substrate material. Size of the larvae only affected the depth of the burrowing, not the survival rate.
However, two‐thirds of the larvae did not dig into the sediment, which implies that surviving via burrowing is not the only mechanism of the species to withstand dry periods.
Source and Quality of Groundwater Surrounding the Qinghai Lake, NE Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Dong‐sheng , Cui Bu‐li , Wang Ying , Wang Ya‐Xuan , Jiang Bao‐Fu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractComprehensive studies on the spatial distribution, water quality, recharge source, and hydrochemical evolution of regional groundwater form the foundation of rational utilization of groundwater resources. In this study, we investigated the water levels, hydrochemistry, and stable isotope composition of groundwater in the vicinity of the Qinghai Lake in China to reveal its recharge sources, hydrochemical evolution, and water quality. The level of groundwater relative to the level of water in the Qinghai Lake ranged from −1.27 to 122.91 m, indicating most of the groundwater to be flowing into the lake. The local evaporation line (LEL) of groundwater was simulated as δ2H = 6.08 δ18O‐3.01. The groundwater surrounding the Qinghai Lake was primarily recharged through local precipitation at different altitudes. The hydrochemical type of most of the groundwater samples was Ca‐Mg‐HCO3; the hydrochemistry was primarily controlled by carbonate dissolution during runoff. At several locations, the ionic concentrations in groundwater exceeded the current drinking water standards making it unsuitable for drinking. The main source of nitrate in groundwater surrounding the Qinghai Lake was animal feces and sewage, suggesting that groundwater pollution should be mitigated in areas practicing animal husbandry in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, regardless of industrial and urbanization rates being relatively low in the region. The scientific planning, engineering, and management of livestock manure and wastewater discharge from animal husbandry practices is a crucial and is urgently required in the Tibetan Plateau.
Comparing clotting factors attributes across different methods of preference elicitation in haemophilia patients
Authors: Tegenge Million A. , Belov Artur , Moncur Megan , Forshee Richard , Irony Telba 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionEmerging, systematic approaches for capturing patient input, such as preference elicitation, can provide valuable information for the benefit‐risk assessment of medical products for treating bleeding disorders, such as haemophilia.AimThis study aims to identify existing and develop new methods to capture, rank and summarize preference scores for clotting factor therapies.MethodsHaemophilia patient preference data were compiled from studies identified through literature review and publicly available US FDA patient‐focused drug development meeting documents. Text mining was performed to identify major themes across studies. A standardized preference score was estimated and aggregated.ResultsTen preference studies that employed qualitative (n = 3), and quantitative methods (n = 7) met the inclusion criteria. Text mining of qualitative and quantitative studies revealed similar themes as the standardized preference attribute importance. We found that seven quantitative studies employed discrete choice experiments (DCE)/conjoint analysis (CA) and examined a range of 5‐12 attributes. For DCE/CA studies published prior to 2014 (n = 4), safety attributes (inhibitor and viral safety) were among the most important attributes, accounting for ~46% of the total utility measured. DCE/CA studies published after 2014 (n = 3) focused on frequency of infusion and reduction of bleeding risk, accounting for ~67% of the total utility. Interestingly, two studies that used different preference elicitation approaches (DCE and a monadic conjoint approach) both ranked infusion frequency as the most important attribute.ConclusionsAlthough there are few published patient preference studies for haemophilia, the results of this study can be viewed in the larger context of enhancing scientific methods of incorporating patient input in medical product development.
Stakeholders’ perspectives on models of care in the emergency department and the introduction of health and social care professional teams: A qualitative analysis using World Cafés and interviews
Authors: Cassarino Marica , Quinn Rosie , Boland Fiona , Ward Marie E. , McNamara Rosa , O’Connor Margaret , McCarthy Gerard , Ryan Damien , Galvin Rose , Robinson Katie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is some evidence that health and social care professional (HSCP) teams contribute to enhanced patient and process outcomes in increasingly crowded emergency departments (EDs), but the views of service users and providers on this model of care need investigation to optimize implementation.ObjectiveThis qualitative study investigated the perspectives of key ED stakeholders about HSCP teams working in the ED.MethodsUsing a participatory design, we conducted World Café focus groups and individual interviews in two Irish hospital sites with 65 participants (purposive sampling) including ED patients and carers/relatives, ED doctors and nurses, HSCPs and pre‐hospital staff. Data were thematically analysed using NVivo software.ResultsParticipants reported that ED‐based HSCP teams could improve quality and integration of care and staff experience (Theme 1) and would be appropriate for older adults with complex needs and non‐urgent complaints (Theme 2). Concerns were raised about operational and relational barriers to implementation (Theme 3), and changes in processes and culture were considered necessary for HSCPs to work successfully in the ED (Theme 4). In contrast to service providers, service users’ concerns centred on the importance of positive communication and relations (Theme 5).ConclusionsOur study indicates potential acceptability of HSCP teams working in the ED, especially to care for older adults; however, operational and relational aspects, particularly developing interdisciplinary and integrated care, need addressing to ensure successful implementation. Differences in priorities between service users and providers (relational vs operational) highlighted the usefulness of gathering views from multiple stakeholders to understand ED processes.
A comparison between Parkinson’s medication errors identified through retrospective case note review versus via an incident reporting system during hospital admission
Authors: Mill Deanna , Bakker Michael , Corre Lauren , Page Amy , Johnson Jacinta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To compare the frequency and type of inpatient Parkinson’s medication errors reported through an incident report system versus those identified through retrospective case note review in a tertiary teaching hospital.

Methods
A search of inpatient medication-related incident reports identified those pertaining to Parkinson’s medication. A discharge diagnoses search identified admissions for patients with Parkinson’s disease over the same time period. A retrospective case note and incident report review were performed to describe and quantify medication-related events.

Key findings
Substantially, more medication-related problems were identified via case note review (n = 805) versus incident reporting system (n = 19). A significantly different pattern of error types was identified utilising case note review versus incident reporting, with case note review more likely to identify delayed dosing, and incident reports more likely to identify wrong dose or formulation administered errors.

Conclusions
Retrospective incident report and case note review can be used to characterise medication administration errors encountered in an inpatient setting. Incident report review alone is insufficient in estimating error rates, and dual data collection methods should be used.
French maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol) in association with triple combination cream for the treatment of facial melasma in women: a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Lima P.B. , Dias J.A.F. , Esposito A.C.C. , Miot L.D.B. , Miot H.A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMelasma can be recalcitrant to treatment, and relapses are common. Pycnogenol has been reported to be effective in treating melasma.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of 75 mg pycnogenol taken orally twice a day vs. a placebo, in association with the triple combination and broad‐spectrum sunscreen for the treatment of facial melasma.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, parallel, placebo‐controlled study was conducted on 44 women with facial melasma in a single centre from May 2019 through November 2019. Patients with melasma were randomly assigned to orally take 75 mg pycnogenol (PYC) or a placebo (PLAC) twice a day for 60 days. Both groups also received tinted sunscreen [Sun Protection Factor (SPF) 50; Persistent Pigment Darkening (PPD) 17] for daytime use and a topical triple combination at bedtime. The primary outcome was a change from the baseline Modified Melasma Area Severity Index (mMASI) score. Secondary outcomes were improvements in the patients' quality of life (MELASQoL), colorimetric indices and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS).ResultsAll participants completed the trial. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 39 (7) years, and 91% were phototypes III–IV. Both groups exhibited a reduction in mMASI scores, MELASQoL scores and colour contrast (P < 0.01). The mean (CI 95%) reductions of the mMASI scores were 49% (36–61%) for PYC and 34% (16–47%) for PLAC. The reductions in mMASI scores and colorimetric contrast were superior for the PYC group (P < 0.05). The analysis of GAIS resulted in an improvement of 86% (CI 95%: 68–96%) for the participants in the PYC group and 55% (CI 95%: 32–73%) for those in the PLAC group. There were no adverse effects related to oral treatment.ConclusionPycnogenol is well‐tolerated and increases the effectiveness of broad‐spectrum sunscreen and the triple combination in the treatment of facial melasma in women.
Color match using instrumental and visual methods for single, group, and multi‐shade composite resins
Authors: Iyer Rubinya Sundar , Babani Vinti Rajendra , Yaman Peter , Dennison Joseph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the shade match of three composite resin restorative materials to bi‐layered acrylic teeth instrumentally and visually.Materials and methodsThree composite materials—Omnichroma [OM], Tetric EvoCeram [TE], and TPH Spectra ST [TS] were placed into occlusal preparations (5 mm diameter, 2 mm depth) on 15 bi‐layered acrylic teeth per each shade A2, B1, B2, C2, and D3. The composites were placed in a single increment and cured using Bluephase G2 light. The L*, a*, and b* readings were obtained using VITA Easyshade V for the teeth and restorations; mean ΔE00 values were calculated and assessed using two‐way analysis of variance with a test of simple effects with multiple comparisons for significance (P < .05). Three teeth were restored to anatomical form with each of the composites for the five shades and were subjectively graded by 30 evaluators as 1—best match, 2—intermediate, and 3—poorest match.ResultsIn the instrumental evaluation, OM and TS showed lower ∆E00 values for lighter shades, whereas TE showed lower and similar ∆E00 values for all shades. In the visual evaluation, TE exhibited the best shade match for darker shades C2 and D3. OM and TS matched better with lighter shades.ConclusionShade matching is composite and shade‐dependent. Overall, TE matched the multiple shades better than the other two materials.Clinical significanceSingle and group shade composites displayed shade matching ability inferior to a multi‐shade composite material, which may limit their use in highly esthetic clinical situations.