bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy for Granular and Lattice Corneal Dystrophy: A Comparative Study
Authors: Das Sujata , Langenbucher Achim , Seitz Berthold 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the visual and refractive outcome after excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for superficial corneal opacities in granular and lattice dystrophy.
METHODS: Phototherapeutic keratectomy was performed in 62 eyes of 40 patients (granular dystrophy [n=50] and lattice dystrophy [n=12]) after epithelial debridement and pannus removal. Data regarding preand postoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, changes in spherical equivalent of manifest refraction, Zeiss keratometry, astigmatism, and corneal topography were analyzed and compared between granular and lattice dystrophy. Recurrence, if any, was noted during a mean follow-up of 3.0?2.7 years.
RESULTS: Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved in 79% and 62% of eyes with granular and lattice dystrophy, respectively. Spherical equivalent refraction increased by a mean of 1.3 ?1.7 diopters (D) (median: 1.0 D) for granular dystrophy and a mean of 1.0 ?1.8 D (median: 0.5 D) for lattice dystrophy. The keratometric central power decreased by a mean of -0.8 ?4.3 D (median: -1.6 D) for granular dystrophy and a mean of -0.3?1.6 D (median: -0.7 D) for lattice dystrophy. No significant changes were noted regarding keratometric astigmatism in either granular or lattice dystrophy. The proportion of "regular" and "mild irregular" keratometry mires increased (39% vs 67% for granular dystrophy and 0% vs 50% for lattice dystrophy). In granular dystrophy, the surface regularity index/surface asymmetry index (SRI/SAI) decreased significantly from 2.14/2.24 preoperatively to 1.31/0.80 postoperatively (P=. 006/P=. 01). In contrast, decrease of SRI/SAI from 1.97/1.65 preoperatively to 1.35/1.16 postoperatively did not reach statistical significance in lattice dystrophy. Recurrences were observed in 10 (20%) eyes with granular dystrophy and 2 (17%) eyes with lattice dystrophy.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that PTK may be tried in all patients with superficially accentuated opacities in granular and lattice dystrophy before undergoing a more invasive procedure, such as lamellar or penetrating keratoplasty. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:727-731.]
First Clinical Experience With the Alcon LADAR 6000 Excimer Laser
Authors: Carones Francesco , Vigo Luca , Scandola Elena 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability and ergonomics and to assess the first clinical results provided by the new LADAR 6000 excimer laser used to correct myopia and astigmatism, both by conventional and wavefrontguided ablation.
METHODS: Seventy-four consecutive eyes from 37 patients underwent LASIK as the first field evaluation protocol of the Alcon LADAR 6000 excimer laser. Forty-six eyes were treated by wavefront-guided ablation to correct a manifestspheroequivalent refractive error (MSRE) of -0.50 to -9.75 diopters (D) (mean: -4.19 D, cylinder range: 0.0 to -3.50 D). Twenty-eight eyes were treated by conventional ablation to correct MSRE of -1.00 to -7.00 D (mean: -3.11 D, cylinder range: 0.0 to -1.75 D). Uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), MSRE, and wavefront measurements were assessed. Follow-up was 3 months for all eyes.
RESULTS: Three months after surgery, all eyes were within ?1.00 D of intended correction. Forty-three (93.5%) eyes treated with wavefront-guided ablation and 25 (89.3%) eyes treated with conventional ablation were within ?0.50 D. All eyes reached 2*20/25 UCVA. UCVA ^20/20 was reached in 45 (97.8%) wavefront-guided eyes and 26 (92.9%) conventional eyes; 37 (80.4%) wavefront-guided eyes and 17 (60.7%) conventional eyes had 20/16 UCVA. None of the eyes treated lost ^2 lines of BSCVA.
CONCLUSIONS: The LADAR 6000 excimer laser results proved to be at least as accurate, predictable, and safe as the results currently achieved with the LADARVision4000 excimer laser. The improved microscope illumination enhances visibility for better consistency and ease of use. The better ergonomics and software design of this platform improved patient flow. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21: S781-S785.]
A Stepwise Approach to Assess the Occupancy State of Larval Lampreys in Streams
Authors: Harris Julianne E. , Silver Gregory S. , Jolley Jeffrey C. , Nelle R.D. , Whitesel Timothy A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus is an ecologically and culturally important anadromous species of conservation concern for which fisheries managers use information on occupancy state in streams to assess species status and inform stream management decisions. Here we developed a stepwise approach that incorporates the potential for nondetection and a preselected expected maximum probability of stream occupancy if field crews do not document larval Pacific Lamprey during sampling. Our approach includes seven steps: define the occupancy question; select the maximum acceptable probability of occupancy, if the species is not documented during sampling; define an assumed detection probability for the target organism; calculate required sampling effort; select sampling units; conduct sampling; and interpret sampling results into probabilistic occupancy conclusions. We examined detection probability of our approach for larval lamprey using data from multiple occupied streams in the Pacific Northwest. We illustrated our approach by evaluating Balm Grove Dam as a barrier to Pacific Lamprey migration in Gales Creek, Oregon. Bayesian estimates of detection probability in occupied streams ranged from 0.15 to 0.94, with an overall median of 0.70 (95% credible interval: 0.60–0.79). Assuming detection probability is at least 0.15 (i.e., lowest estimate), 19 reaches are required for the expected maximum probability of occupancy to be not more than 0.05, if the species is not documented through our sampling approach. Although detected downstream, we detected no larvae upstream of Balm Grove Dam; thus, we conclude that the maximum probability of occupancy upstream of Balm Grove Dam was not more than 0.05 at an assumed detection probability of 0.4, suggesting the dam as a barrier to adult migration. We provide an occupancy assessment tool with standardized sampling requirements that incorporates the potential for nondetection and the flexibility to select an expected maximum probability of occupancy if researchers document no larvae, to aid management and restoration in a single stream.
Renoncer aux vanités du monde à l’âge positif ou la voie de la science
Authors: Brenner Anastasios 
Published: December 2019

À première vue, il pourrait sembler que la notion de vanité relève de la théologie, de l’histoire de l’art ou de la littérature plutôt que de la philosophie. Pourtant, cette notion engage des problèmes, des situations ou des attitudes philosophiques : l’humilité, la tempérance, la fin, la mort, etc. Elle touche même au domaine de la connaissance scientifique. Car l’un des défis que la science a eu à relever était de répondre à l’accusation de futilité que lui opposaient théologiens et moralistes. L’objet de cet article est d’explorer les diverses tentatives de justification de la part du sujet connaissant.
« Le grand faiseur, rue Massacre » : poétiques en vanité
Authors: Blaise Marie , Triaire Sylvie 
Published: December 2019

Il s’agit d’analyser, à partir des théories benjaminiennes sur l’allégorie au xixe siècle développées notamment dans « Zentralpark » (Charles Baudelaire) et Origines du drame baroque allemand, les formes que prend la vanité chez Flaubert et Mallarmé ; qu’il s’agisse du sonnet en -yx, « allégorique de lui-même », ou d’objets et de figures inscrivant dans l’œuvre leur logique propre et une forme d’opacité et d’irréductibilité au sens, les vanités modernes constituent un reste, garant formel de la puissance d’information.
Detection of tar brown carbon with a single particle soot photometer (SP2)
Authors: Corbin Joel C. , Gysel-Beer Martin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We investigate the possibility that the refractory, infrared-light-absorbing carbon particulate material known as “tarballs” or tar brown carbon (tar brC) generates a unique signal in the scattering and incandescent detectors of a single particle soot photometer (SP2).
As recent studies have defined tar brC in different ways, we begin by reviewing the literature and proposing a material-based definition of tar.
We then show that tar brC results in unique SP2 signals due to a combination of complete or partial evaporation, with no or very little incandescence.
Only a subset of tar brC particles exhibited detectable incandescence (70 % by number); for these particles the ratio of incandescence to light scattering was much lower than that of soot black carbon (BC).
At the time of incandescence the ratio of light scattering to incandescence from these particles was up to 2-fold greater than from soot (BC).
In our sample, where the mass of tar was 3-fold greater than the mass of soot, this led to a bias of <5 % in SP2-measured soot mass, which is negligible relative to calibration uncertainties.
The enhanced light scattering of tar is interpreted as being caused by tar being more amorphous and less graphitic than soot BC.
The fraction of the tar particle which does incandesce was likely formed by thermal annealing during laser heating. These results indicate that laser-induced incandescence, as implemented in the SP2, is the only BC measurement technique which can quantify soot BC concentrations separately from tar while also potentially providing real-time evidence for the presence of tar.
In contrast, BC measurement techniques based on thermal–optical (EC: elemental carbon) and absorption (eBC: equivalent BC) measurements cannot provide such distinctions.
The optical properties of our tar particles indicate a material similarity to the tar particles previously reported in the literature.
However, more- and less-graphitized tar samples have also been reported, which may show stronger and weaker SP2 responses, respectively.
Percepción de la Seguridad Alimentaria de los Hogares del municipio San Francisco Libre, Managua 2014-2016
Authors: Flores Machado Carmen María 
Published: December 2019

El estudio sobre la percepción de la seguridad alimentaria es una contribución al análisis de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional desde el ámbito local para identificar a los grupos de riesgo y de mayor vulnerabilidad. La investigación fue descriptiva y observacional donde se examinaron las características socio demográficas de los jefes de hogar, el acceso y consumo de los alimentos en el hogar, y la suficiencia alimentaria de los hogares de las comunidades: Las Delicias, San Roque y La Huertas y del casco urbano de la cabecera departamental del municipio. Entre los principales resultados se destacan que el 78% de los jefes del hogar son hombres, de estos, agricultores el 52% y su núcleo familiar integrado por 4,2 miembros. El 86% de los hogares sufren inseguridad alimentaria por la falta de acceso a los alimentos en cantidad y calidad adecuada para tener una vida sana en el periodo estudiado. Con mayor grado de severidad en los niveles (inseguros leve y moderado) con un tercio respectivamente de los hogares urbanos y rurales. Lo que evidencia que los hogares han experimentado incertidumbre y preocupación por la falta de alimentos inclusive hambre por la falta de dinero y recursos para acceder a los alimentos en cantidad suficiente y calidad adecuada para gozar de una alimentación saludable. El nivel de suficiencia energético es crítico para el 40% de los hogares y nivel de suficiencia alimentaria deficiente para el 20% de los hogares rurales y urbanos del municipio.
Modelo de pronóstico de precipitación para la ciudad de Managua utilizando redes neuronales artificiales en el contexto de la gestión ambiental
Authors: Ortíz Alina María 
Published: December 2019

En este trabajo se propone un modelo numérico de pronóstico de precipitación para la ciudad de Managua, a partir de datos obtenidos por las estaciones meteorológicas: Managua, La Primavera y Casa Colorada (El Crucero), información proporcionada por el Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER), del período correspondiente a 1950-2014 y otras variables climatológicas como la Oscilación Ártica (AO), Oscilación del Atlántico Norte (NAO), Índice de Oscilación del Sur (SOI), Índice de Anomalía de la Media Mensual de la Temperatura de la Superficie del Mar (TSM) en el Atlántico tropical Norte, región 5.5º N - 23.5º N y 57.5º W - 15º W (TNA) y el índice oceánico del NIÑO (ONI), a través de teleconexiones. Para la elaboración del modelo se realizó la selección y correlación de variables a través de métodos estadísticos y para encontrar la relación entre estas variables se seleccionó un perceptrón multicapa que es una Red Neuronal Artificial, cuya arquitectura en este caso está compuesta por; una capa de entrada, una capa oculta y una capa de salida. Esta red ha sido entrenada mediante aprendizaje supervisado a través del algoritmo de backpropagation. Dicha red se utilizará para predecir condiciones climáticas en la ciudad, lo cual permitirá contribuir con la toma decisiones acerca del manejo y planificación de las actividades sensibles al clima para hacer frente a posibles desastres naturales.
De blinde vlek in praktijk en discussie rond orgaandonatie
Authors: De Dijn Herman 
Published: December 2019

De blinde vlek in praktijk en discussie rond orgaandonatie
In countries like Belgium and The Netherlands, there seems to be overwhelming public acceptance of transplantation and organ donation. Yet, paradoxically, part of the public refuses post-mortal donation of their own organs or of those of family members. It is customary within the transplantation context to accept the refusal of organ donation by family members “in order to accommodate their feelings”. I argue that this attitude does not take seriously what is really behind the refusal of donation by (at least some) family members. My hypothesis is that even in very secularized societies, this refusal is determined by cultural-symbolic attitudes vis-à-vis the (dead) human body (and some of its parts). The blind spot for this reality, both in the practice of and discussions around organ donation, prevents understanding of what is producing the paradox mentioned.
De (Belgische) Wet Medische Ongevallen en het medisch ongeval zonder aansprakelijkheid
Authors: Buelens W. 
Published: December 2019

De (Belgische) Wet Medische Ongevallen en het medisch ongeval zonder aansprakelijkheid
Op 20 juni 2018 verdedigde de auteur succesvol zijn doctoraal proefschrift over het medisch ongeval zonder aansprakelijkheid. Dit begrip omvat een nieuw, subjectief vergoedingsrecht voor slachtoffers van medische ongevallen, los van de aansprakelijkheid van een zorgverlener, en werd ingevoerd door de wet van 31 maart 2010 betreffende de vergoeding van schade als gevolg van gezondheidszorg. Deze bijdrage bevat enkele krachtlijnen met betrekking tot de invulling van dit begrip.
La situación hermenéutica en clave gnoseo-antropológica. Un diálogo de K.O. Apel con y contra M. Heidegger.
Authors: Molina Molina Laura , Nicolás Juan Antonio 
Published: December 2019

A la hora de describir aquellos elementos que intervienen en la situación hermenéutica desde la cual comprendemos e interpretamos la realidad, es posible poner el acento en unos aspectos u otros. Mientras que la interpretación tradicional de la propuesta hermenéutica de Heidegger ha hecho hincapié en el modo previo de ver (Vorsicht), el lenguaje de la comunidad (Vorgriff) o incluso las cosas mismas objeto de interpretación (Vorhabe) son puestas de relieve en el modelo hermenéutico de la antropología del conocimiento de Apel. A comparar críticamente ambas propuestas está dedicado el presente trabajo, con el objetivo de señalar las ventajas que la transformación gnoseo-antropológica de la situación hermenéutica presenta en el panorama filosófico actual.
When it comes to describe the ingredients of the hermeneutic situation from which reality is understood and interpreted, it is possible to emphasize some of them or others. Whereas the traditional interpretation of Heidegger's hermeneutic proposal has highlighted the previous way of seeing (Vorsicht), the community language (Vorgriff) or even the things themselves subject of interpretation (Vorhabe) are emphasized in the hermeneutic model of Apel's anthropology of knowledge. The main aim of this paper is to compare and evaluate both proposals, showing the advantages of the gnoseo-anthropological transformation of the hermeneutic situation within the contemporary philosophical framework.
Reseña de APEL, K.-O. (2013): Paradigmas de filosofía primera, Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros y otras obras recientes de Apel y sobre Apel
Authors: Scivoletto Gonzalo 
Published: December 2019

Nota bibliográfica sobre APEL, K.-O. (2013): Paradigmas de filosofía primera, Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros y otras obras:
APEL, K.-O. (2017): Racionalidad crítica comunicativa, Edición de Juan A. Nicolás y Laura Molina-Molina, Granada: Comares.
APEL, K.-O. (2017): Transzendentale Reflexion und Geschichte, Herausgegeben und mit einem Nachwort von Smail Rapic, Berlin: Suhrkamp.
MICHELINI, D.; De Zan, J.; Damiani, A. (eds.) (2015), Ética, política y discurso. Contribuciones desde América Latina, Río Cuarto: Ediciones del ICALA.
MOLINA-MOLINA, L. (2019): Lenguaje y corporalidad en la filosofía de K.-O. Apel. Hacia una integración de la antropología del conocimiento y la pragmática trascendental, Granada: Comares.
Ølby Woman:
Authors: Reiter Samantha Scott , Frei Karin Margarita , Nørgaard Heide Wrobel , Kaul Flemming 
Published: December 2019

The Early Nordic Bronze Age oak coffin burials include some of Europe’s best preserved human remains. Although traditional typological examinations thereof have not always found clear foreign references, recent provenance investigations from Egtved and Skrydstrup suggest that the two women were of non-local provenance. In order to investigate potential mobility patterns and how these might or might not be related to the archaeological evidence, we conducted comprehensive multi-analytical investigations on the Ølby Woman, another key female oak coffin burial. Her grave included large metal items, the remains of a corded skirt and a glass bead recently identified as of Egyptian origin. Strontium isotope analyses of the dental enamel of Ølby’s first, second and third molars investigate her provenance and potential mobility through childhood. Furthermore, we conducted lead isotope analyses and craft technical analyses of her belt plate and sword/dagger. Our results reveal that the Ølby female’s strontium isotope signatures fall within the local baseline, suggesting that she was of local origin. The metal provenance studies and craft technical studies of the belt plate and sword suggest that the objects were manufactured in Scandinavia, while the raw materials for each item were imported from different places in Europe.
Between Bullshit and Faketuality
Authors: Pilipets Elena 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
THIS PAPER EXPLORES THE ANOMALOUS ROLE THAT TODAY’S SOCIAL MEDIA ENVIRONMENTS PLAY IN THE DYNAMICS OF AFFECTIVE AMPLIFICATION THROUGH VIRAL VISUAL CONTENT. AFFECTED BY THE POST 9/11 LOGIC OF MEDIA SECURITIZATION, THE CIRCULATION OF MANIPULATED IMAGES AND INTERNET MEMES HAS CREATED AN ATMOSPHERE OF CONTROVERSIAL SENTIMENTS AND IRRATIONAL FACTS. THE PREVALENT EXPERIENCE OF DISORIENTATION THAT PERPETUATES ITSELF IN THESE RELATIONS FEEDS ON THE EVERYDAY MICRO-ANTICIPATIONS OF CLAIM AND COUNTERCLAIM, MAKING THE DOUBLE BINARY OF FACT AND FICTION, SOURCE AND ADAPTATION IMPOSSIBLE TO SUSTAIN. AGAINST THIS BACKGROUND, THE DISCUSSION WILL FOCUS ON HOW THE VIRAL SPREAD OF ONE PARTICULAR IMAGE DURING THE REFUGEE CRISIS HAS CONTRIBUTED TO THE EMERGENCE OF THE ISSUE OF ‘TERRORIST REFUGEES’. EXPLORING THE INFRASTRUCTURES OF MEDIA ALERT BEHIND THIS ISSUE, I ADDRESS THE RE- AND PREMEDIATING FORCES AT PLAY IN THE CIRCULATION OF THE IMAGE AS FAKETUAL. RATHER THAN RELYING ON THE AVAILABILITY OF VALID SOURCES, NETWORKED FORMATIONS OF FAKETUALITY FEEL TRUE EVEN THEY ARE KNOWN TO BE FABRICATED. I DEVELOP THIS ARGUMENT BY ADAPTING DIGITAL METHODS TO REFLECT ON THE SHIFTS IN CONTROVERSIAL RELATIONS OF RELEVANCE/VISIBILITY AS THEY UNFOLD THROUGH OUR EVERYDAY ENCOUNTERS WITH SEARCH ENGINES, ONLINE NEWS MEDIA, AND SOCIAL PLATFORMS.
Immunoprevention: a course of decades and the challenge to tackle false information
Authors: Macedo Cristina Ribeiro 
Published: December 2019

Despite the growing structure of the National Immunization Program, it was possible to witness the resurgence of immunopreventable diseases that were supposed to be controlled. Such phenomenon motivates unrest and discussion in the field of public health, encouraging the academic and scientific community to seek answers, because clearly factors are interfering with the quality of the intended end product, which is the immunogenic protection of populations. In this way, it was evidenced that the media has favored the circulation of dubious and falsely articulated information, causing a fear in the populationthat makes it difficult to adhere to receiving vaccines. Frequently, those attitudes are based on concepts,values, philosophical and religious beliefs that hinder the effective communication of health professionals and the population eligible to receive the immunobiological. In this scenario , false news can cause health problems, hence, it is important to stands out the significance of scientific information. False publications were determinants in the worldwide expansion of the anti-vaccine movement. Indicators of morbidity and mortality are important in the delineation of coping priority in healthcare, but understanding the phenomena that permeate the decision making of populations is of paramount importance for the design of strategies. Research methodologies with different perspective on the same topic complement each other. It is not enough to quantify the problem, but it is also necessary to look for the social changes that occur inthe group and to determine the diversification of behavior in society, mixed research methodologies often propose results that broaden understanding. It is emphasized that providing false information implies the deconstruction of science, considering that scientific information supports decisions that involve the health of the population in different contexts and support the development of public health policies.
Operando observation of resistive switching in a resistive random-access memory by laser-excited photoemission electron microscope
Authors: Okuda Yuji , Kawakita Junpei , Taniuchi Toshiyuki , Shima Hisashi , Shimizu Atsushi , Naitoh Yasuhisa , Kinoshita Kentaro , Akinaga Hiro , Shin Shik 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We developed a laser-excited photoemission electron microscope (Laser-PEEM) that enables us to perform a non-destructive operando observation for elucidating the changes in the physical properties of electronic devices. By utilizing the Laser-PEEM, the non-volatile resistance change in the resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) was clearly visualized, even though the resistance change occurred under the electrode of the ReRAM, thanks to the deep probing depth. The operando observation of the Laser-PEEM is very promising as an observation method for various kinds of devices because the observation simultaneously provides us with morphological and electrical properties in real time.