bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretation and Implications of Lognormal Linear Regression Used for Bacterial Enumeration
Authors: Gao Anli , Fischer-Jenssen Jennifer , Wroblewski Charles , Martos Perry 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Bacterial enumeration data are typically log transformed to realize a more normal distribution and stabilize the variance. Unfortunately, statistical results from log transformed data are often misinterpreted as data within the arithmetic domain.

Objective
To explore the implication of slope and intercept from an unweighted linear regression and compare it to the results of the regression of log transformed data.

Method
Mathematical formulae inferencing explained using real dataset.

Results
For y=Ax+B+ε, where y is the recovery (CFU/g) and x is the target concentration (CFU/g) with error ε homogeneous across x. When B=0, slope A estimates percent recovery R. In the regression of log transformed data, logy=αlogx+β+εz (equivalent to equation y=Axα·ω), it is the intercept β=logyx=logA that estimates the percent recovery in logarithm when slope α=1, which means that R doesn’t vary over x. Error term ω is multiplicative to x, while εz or log(ω) is additive to log(x). Whether the data should be transformed or not is not a choice, but a decision based on the distribution of the data. Significant difference was not found between the five models (the linear regression of log transformed data, three generalized linear models and a nonlinear model) regarding their predicted percent recovery when applied to our data. An acceptable regression model should result in approximately the best normal distribution of residuals.

Conclusions
Statistical procedures making use of log transformed data should be studied separately and documented as such, not collectively reported and interpreted with results studied in arithmetic domain.

Highlights
The way to interpret statistical results developed from arithmetic domain does not apply to that of the log transformed data.
Characterization of metabolic and inflammatory profiles of transition dairy cows fed an energy-restricted diet
Authors: Esposito Giulia , Raffrenato Emiliano , Lukamba Somwe D , Adnane Mounir , Irons Pete C , Cormican Paul , Tasara Taurai , Chapwanya Aspinas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPeriparturient diseases of dairy cows are caused by disproportionate energy metabolism, mineral imbalance, and perturbed immune function. The aim of the present study was to characterize metabolism, innate immune endometrial gene expression, and uterine microbial populations of transition animals receiving normal or restricted energy diets. Pregnant multiparous Holstein cows (n = 14) were randomly assigned to one of the two dietary treatments from 20 d prepartum until 35 d postpartum (DPP). One group was fed a diet providing 100% energy requirements (NE), whereas the other received an energy-restricted diet providing 80% energy requirements (RE). Feed intake, milk yield, body weight, body condition score, temperature, respiratory, and pulse rate were recorded. After calving, blood was collected weekly to analyze nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and total cholesterol (TC). Endometrial cytobrushes were collected for gene expression analysis of inflammatory markers, microbial populations determination, and cytological evaluation. The restricted energy diet did not alter feed intake or milk yield but changed energy balance and metabolites levels (P &lt; 0.05). In fact, RE animals had high NEFA and BHB levels, and low TC concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, RE animals had upregulated gene expression of serum amyloid A3 (SAA3) at 35 DPP (P &lt; 0.05) and CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) at 14 DPP (P &lt; 0.01). Interleukin (IL) 1 and IL8 genes were downregulated 14 DPP but upregulated 35 DPP in RE animals, whereas IL6 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) genes were upregulated at 14 DPP (P ≤ 0.05). The most abundant phyla in RE animals (n = 3) were Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria, whereas Proteobacteria was the least abundant at both 14 and 35 DPP. In conclusion, it can be speculated that energy balance is one of the main drivers for uterine inflammation by affecting metabolism, immune function, and uterine microbiota. However, these findings should be validated in a larger sample size.
Peppermint Essential Oil Toxicity to the Pear Psylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Potential Applications in the Field
Authors: Li Jianyi , Tian Baoliang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chinese pear psylla (Cacopsylla chinensis Yang et Li) is a serious orchard pest that causes declines in fruit quality through feeding damage and the spread of pathogens. The rapid development of chemical pesticide resistance has become a severe problem in controlling pear psylla. Thus, the development of natural pesticides to replace conventional chemical pesticides is urgently needed. Here, we found that the essential oil of peppermint (Mentha haplocalyx Briq. [Lamiales: Labiatae]) is an ideal agent for controlling pear psylla based on experiments in the laboratory and the field. The major constituents of peppermint essential oil were found including menthol (49.73%), menthone (30.52%), α-pinene (3.60%), and α-terpineol (3.81%). This oil and chemicals in it performed serious contact toxicity against the winter-form adults and nymphs of pear psylla, yielding LD50 values of 2.54, 10.71, 2.77, 5.85, and 12.58 μg/adult and 1.91, 9.56, 2.18, 4.98, and 12.07 μg/nymph, respectively. Furthermore, the essential oil strongly repelled the adults of pear psylla with 78% repellence at the highest concentration tested in a Y-tube olfactometer in the laboratory. The combined effect of the two factors made peppermint essential oil a natural pesticide, which achieved a maximum reduction of round to 80.9% in winter-form adult population and round to 67.0% in nymph population at the concentration of 4.0 ml/L in the field. Additionally, it had no effect on the natural enemies of pear psylla in the field. Therefore, peppermint essential oil has potential as an alternative to chemical pesticides for pest control in integrated pest management programs in pear orchards.
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF MERGERS: EFFICIENCY GAINS AND IMPACT ON CONSUMER PRICES
Authors: Bonnet Céline , Philip Schain Jan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this article, we extend the literature on merger simulation models by incorporating its potential synergy gains into structural econometric analysis. We present an integrated approach. We estimate a structural demand and supply model dealing with two-part tariff contracts between manufacturers and retailers as in Bonnet and Dubois (2010). This model allows us to recover the marginal cost of each differentiated product. Then we estimate potential efficiency gains using the data envelopment analysis approach of Bogetoft and Wang (2005), and some assumptions about exogenous cost shifters. In the last step, we simulate the new price equilibrium post-merger by taking into account synergy gains, and derive price and welfare effects. We use a home scan data set of dairy dessert purchases in France, and show that synergy gains could offset the upward pressure on prices post. Moreover, in this market, the increase in industry profit due to the merger is more driven by its induced synergy gains than by the market power increase.
No magic dust: The relationship between the national and local assessments in Sainsbury’s/Asda
Authors: Haydock Jenny , Smith Tom 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We consider the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) investigation into the proposed merger of UK grocery and fuel retailers Sainsbury’s and Asda. The CMA prohibited the merger in April 2019, based on a finding of widespread competition concerns. In this article we examine in particular the CMA’s assessments of the proposed merger’s effects on the merging parties’ unilateral incentives to worsen their offering across their businesses—for example, by raising supermarket product prices nationwide.
We note that the CMA’s concerns on a national basis arose exclusively from the aggregation of the competitive impacts in individual local areas. We consider to what extent this is likely to be the case in other mergers with somewhat similar features. We also consider under what circumstances an assessment of national-level concerns is necessary when the relevant geographic markets have been defined as local. We address the relationship between the CMA’s national-level analysis and its assessments of the merging parties’ incentives to worsen their offerings at specific stores. Finally, we discuss the ways in which the CMA’s national-level concerns affected its analysis of possible remedies.
Paraduodenal mass as initial presentation of burned-out testicular tumour: case report and literature review
Authors: Almeida Miguel , Amaral Luís , Viveiros Duarte , Carneiro Victor , Sebastião Carlos , Medeiros Armando 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are relatively rare overall and are mainly encountered in young adults and teenagers. The ‘burned-out’ phenomenon refers to the spontaneous regression of the primary testicular lesion, generally with the presence of a metastatic germ cell tumour. Regressed tumours with retroperitoneal metastasis, as the first manifestation, represent difficult cases prone to misdiagnosis. Burned-out TGCT is a rare but well-recognized entity, with defined clinical features and diagnostic criteria; however, its etiopathogenesis is still not well defined.

We present a case of 37-year-old man with a retroperitoneal mass adjacent to the duodenum identified on CT scan. After surgical excision, histopathologic findings evidenced metastatic non-seminomatous GCT. Testicular examination was normal, but a right testis suspicious lesion was found on ultrasound study. Radical right orchidectomy was performed, and histological examination showed complete regression of TGCT. He underwent first-line chemotherapy with complete response and no evidence of recurrence.
High CO2/hypoxia-induced softening of persimmon fruit is modulated by DkERF8/16 and DkNAC9 complexes
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Miao-miao , Gong Hui , Liu Xiao-fen , Guo Da-long , Sun Ning-jing , Huang Jing-wen , Zhu Qing-gang , Chen Kun-song , Yin Xue-ren 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars are astringent and require post-harvest deastringency treatments such as 95% CO2 (high-CO2 treatment) to make them acceptable to consumers. High-CO2 treatment can, however, also induce excessive softening, which can be reduced by adding 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Previous studies have shown that genes encoding the ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (ERFs) DkERF8/16/19 can trans-activate xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (DkXTH9), which encodes the cell wall-degrading enzyme associated with persimmon fruit softening. In this study, RNA-seq data between three treatments were compared, namely high-CO2, high-CO2+1-MCP, and controls. A total of 227 differentially expressed genes, including 17 transcription factors, were predicted to be related to persimmon post-deastringency softening. Dual-luciferase assays indicated that DkNAC9 activated the DkEGase1 promoter 2.64-fold. Synergistic effects on transcription of DkEGase1 that involved DkNAC9 and the previously reported DkERF8/16 were identified. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that DkNAC9 could physically bind to the DkEGase1 promoter. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays indicated protein–protein interactions between DkNAC9 and DkERF8/16. Based on these findings, we conclude that DkNAC9 is a direct transcriptional activator of DkEGase1 that can co-operate with DkERF8/16 to enhance fruit post-deastringency softening.
Clinical Usefulness of Hematologic Indices as Predictive Parameters for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Peirovy Amirhossein , Malek Mahdavi Aida , Khabbazi Alireza , Hajialilo Mehrzad , Sakhinia Ebrahim , Rashtchizadeh Nadereh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and red cell distribution width (RDW) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and their correlation with disease activity.MethodsTwo hundred eight SLE patients and 205 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Disease activity was assessed using the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000, and hematological indices were determined.ResultsLymphocyte and platelet counts were significantly lower in SLE patients than in the controls, while the NLR, PLR, and RDW were significantly higher (P &lt; .05). In patients with active disease, the neutrophil counts, NLR, and PLR were significantly higher than in those with inactive disease (P &lt; .05), while the lymphocyte count was significantly lower (P &lt; .05). Based on receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, only for lymphocyte count and PLR. The area under curve was significantly higher (P = .001 and P = .053, respectively).ConclusionPLR can serve as a biomarker for indicating SLE disease activity.
Embeddings of Bishop spaces
Authors: Petrakis Iosif 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We develop the basic constructive theory of embeddings of Bishop spaces in parallel to the basic classical theory of embeddings of topological spaces. The theory of Bishop spaces is a constructive approach to point-function topology and a natural constructive alternative to the classical theory of the rings of continuous functions. Our most significant result is the translation of the classical Urysohn extension theorem within the theory of Bishop spaces. The related theory of the zero sets of a Bishop topology is also included. We work within $\textrm{BISH}^{\ast }$, Bishop’s informal system of constructive mathematics $\textrm{BISH}$ equipped with inductive definitions with rules of countably many premises.
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disability
Authors: Büla Christophe J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Dementia can be broadly defined as a decline in cognitive abilities in comparison with a previous level of performance. It is a clinical syndrome most often characterized by progressive deficits in several cognitive domains such as memory, language, and impairments in a person’s behavior and daily functional abilities. Dementia places considerable strain on patients and their relatives, who provide a large share of the required care and support. As the global population is aging, the burden of dementia has become a worldwide concern and will be further increasing over the next two decades. New pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions are urgently needed to address this huge challenge.
The Predestined Nature of Assistive Technologies for Dementia
Authors: Sugihara Taro , Fujinami Tsutomu , Moriyama Osamu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Assistive technologies for dementia care will be a fruitful way to enhance resources in care facilities, especially in the era of global super-aging. While assistive technologies have been deployed across national boundaries, their users—people who are cared for and their caregivers—are bound by policies in their respective countries or regions. Therefore, technology developers have to pay attention to local policies and related rules. This chapter examines this issue using a case study approach from care homes in Japan. We describe the opportunities and challenges of implementing these technologies from the micro, meso, and macro perspectives. Finally, this chapter attempts to delineate possible solutions from the author’s perspective.
Personal Identity, Neuroprosthetics, and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Jotterand Fabrice 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the implications of the use of neuroprosthetics such as artificial hippocampi or neurostimulation techniques for the understanding of personal identity in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD): first, regarding a conceptualization of personal identity based on psychological continuity (memory), and second, according to a conceptualization of personal identity based on psychological continuity (memory) and embodiment. This chapter provides an overview of the various stages of AD, including how the disorder impacts people’s memory capabilities and personality and generates behavioral changes. It focuses on neuroprosthetics as a technique to help patients in the early stages of AD to compensate for lost neural functionality and cognitive abilities. It also critically examines the concept of personal identity through the work of John Locke and Derek Parfit and provide an alternative account called bio-psycho-somatic unity. Finally, the chapter offers an ethical framework for the care of patients with AD who experience identity loss that includes the preservation or restoration of psychological continuity, the acknowledgment of an embodied identity, and the necessity of a relational narrative.
Privacy and Security Issues in Assistive Technologies for Dementia
Authors: Ienca Marcello , Villaronga Eduard Fosch 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The collection of a large volume and variety of physiological and behavioral data is critical for the effective development, deployment, and implementation of intelligent assistive technologies (IATs) and for the subsequent effective support of older adults with dementia. Yet it raises privacy and security issues. This chapter reviews the major privacy and security implications associated with the use of three major families of IATs for dementia: ambient assisted living systems, wearable devices, and service robotics, especially telepresence robots. After exploring a number of both category-specific and cross-categorical ethical and legal implications, the chapter proposes a list of policy recommendations with the purpose of maximizing the uptake of IATs while minimizing possible adverse effects on the privacy and security of end-users.
Developing Ethical Web- and Mobile-Based Technologies for Dementia
Authors: Robillard Julie M. , Feng Tanya L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The availability of web- and mobile-based technologies (WMBTs) for dementia prevention and care has grown exponentially over the last decade. These include computer-based resources such as online self-diagnostic tools, mobile-based resources such as applications (“apps”) that track lifestyle metrics or provide interactive platforms for cognitive engagement, and cross-platform resources such as websites providing health information. Despite their potential benefits, key ethical challenges have been identified in WMBTs for dementia both at the individual and societal levels, including issues of privacy, quality, and accessibility. This chapter explores the ethical challenges surrounding the use of WMBTs for dementia and highlights recent evidence on the positive and negative impacts of WMBT solutions. The chapter reviews development and design recommendations that have been put forward to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms of using WMBTs for dementia. It closes by looking to the future and proposing development considerations for future WMBT development.
Dementia and the Regulation of Gerontechnology
Authors: Beauregard James 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The federal regulation of gerontechnology in the United States is a complex issue spread across multiple agencies. In addition, gerontechnology is not a unified area, but covers multiple types of technology that can help with medical care, safety monitoring, communication, and mobility, most recently through advances in robotics. This chapter reviews the nature of federal regulation as it impacts the development, safety, efficacy, monitoring, and use of gerontechnology for dementia care through an examination of the different types of dementia and specific care needs that arise within them, followed by consideration of the specific federal agencies that regulate a multifaceted gerontechnology field. The chapter concludes with recommendations for creating a common core of knowledge across the many disciplines contained in the field of gerontechnology.
AGN feedback in the FR II galaxy 3C 220.1
Authors: Liu Wenhao , Sun Ming , Nulsen Paul E J , Worrall Diana M , Birkinshaw Mark , Sarazin Craig , Forman William R , Jones Christine , Ge Chong 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We present results from a deep (174 ks) Chandra observation of the FR-II radio galaxy 3C 220.1, the central brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of a kT ∼ 4 keV cluster at z = 0.61. The temperature of the hot cluster medium drops from ∼5.9 to ∼3.9 keV at ∼35 kpc radius, while the temperature at smaller radii may be substantially lower. The central active galactic nucleus (AGN) outshines the whole cluster in X-rays, with a bolometric luminosity of 2.0 × 1046 erg s−1 (∼10 per cent of the Eddington rate). The system shows a pair of potential X-ray cavities ∼35 kpc east and west of the nucleus. The cavity power is estimated within the range of 1.0 × 1044 and 1.7 × 1045 erg s−1, from different methods. The X-ray enhancements in the radio lobes could be due to inverse Compton emission, with a total 2–10 keV luminosity of ∼8.0 × 1042 erg s−1. We compare 3C 220.1 with other cluster BCGs, including Cygnus A, as there are few BCGs in rich clusters hosting an FR-II galaxy. We also summarize the jet power of FR-II galaxies from different methods. The comparison suggests that the cavity power of FR-II galaxies likely underestimates the jet power. The properties of 3C 220.1 suggest that it is at the transition stage from quasar-mode feedback to radio-mode feedback.
tRNA 2′-O-methylation by a duo of TRM7/FTSJ1 proteins modulates small RNA silencing in Drosophila
Authors: Angelova Margarita T , Dimitrova Dilyana G , Da Silva Bruno , Marchand Virginie , Jacquier Caroline , Achour Cyrinne , Brazane Mira , Goyenvalle Catherine , Bourguignon-Igel Valérie , Shehzada Salman , Khouider Souraya , Lence Tina , Guerineau Vincent , Roignant Jean-Yves , Antoniewski Christophe , Teysset Laure , Bregeon Damien , Motorin Yuri , Schaefer Matthias R , Carré Clément 
Published: January 2020

Abstract2′-O-Methylation (Nm) represents one of the most common RNA modifications. Nm affects RNA structure and function with crucial roles in various RNA-mediated processes ranging from RNA silencing, translation, self versus non-self recognition to viral defense mechanisms. Here, we identify two Nm methyltransferases (Nm-MTases) in Drosophila melanogaster (CG7009 and CG5220) as functional orthologs of yeast TRM7 and human FTSJ1. Genetic knockout studies together with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and RiboMethSeq mapping revealed that CG7009 is responsible for methylating the wobble position in tRNAPhe, tRNATrp and tRNALeu, while CG5220 methylates position C32 in the same tRNAs and also targets additional tRNAs. CG7009 or CG5220 mutant animals were viable and fertile but exhibited various phenotypes such as lifespan reduction, small RNA pathways dysfunction and increased sensitivity to RNA virus infections. Our results provide the first detailed characterization of two TRM7 family members in Drosophila and uncover a molecular link between enzymes catalyzing Nm at specific tRNAs and small RNA-induced gene silencing pathways.