bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmet need of contraceptives amongst the married women of reproductive age group: a study in a coastal belt of Bangladesh
Authors: Dutta Palas , Debnath Sumon Chandra , Ghosh Kinkar 
Published: February 2020

This cross-sectional study was conducted with an objective to assess the unmet need of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age at Assasuni Upazila (coastal area) in Satkhira District during the period from January to December 2016. A total of 222 participants (married women) were included in the study. The mean (± SD) age of the respondents was 27.9 ± 6.2 years and about half (45.9%) of the respondent’s marriage age were between 15 and 17 years. Most of the (85.6%) women were housewives and more than half (50.9%) belongs to a nuclear family. Most of the respondents (94.6%) were not currently pregnant and about one-fourth (25.7%) of them experienced with previous pregnancies. About ninety percent of the outcomes of last pregnancy were live-births. More than two-thirds (80.2%) were using contraceptives. More than two-fifth of the respondents was using the oral pill and 17.6% of their husband’s using condoms as a contraceptive. Among 222 respondents, 13.5% had the unmet need of contraceptives. Unmet need comprises who were not using any method of contraception due to husband’s opposition, did not know, opposition from other family members and no menstruation after last childbirth, (6.3%, 5.0%, 1.3% and 0.9%, respectively). Unmet need of contraceptive is high despite an extensive family planning program in Bangladesh. It is necessary for the governments to come up with strategies, which can reduce unmet needs of contraceptive, especially among coastal area.
Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (1): 37-40
Depressive morbidity among female partner of infertile couple in a tertiary care setup in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdury Tanzeem S , Chowdhury T A , Begum Shirin Akter , Begum Yasmin , Amatullah Mehriban 
Published: February 2020

Background: There are 80 million infertile couples in the world which correspond to approximately 15% of all couples in their reproductive age. Negative attitude and behavior of family and acquaintances causes severe psychological stress resulting in social discrimination and stigmatization which may lead to anxiety, depression and even suicide. The study was aimed to estimate the prevalence and predictors of depressive morbidity among Bangladeshi infertile women.
Methods: This prospective, observational study was done on a total of 215 female partners of infertile couples who attended ‘Infertility Management Center’; a Dhaka based tertiary care setup for infertility management and assisted reproductive technologies from August - December 2016. Only those who were unable to conceive after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse and agreed to take part in the study were included in the study. Patients with history of mental illness prior to infertility diagnosis and on any anti-psychotic drugs were excluded from the study. Data collection was done using the validated Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire.
Results: Among the study population 72.6% were suffering from primary infertility and 27.4% from secondary infertility. Of them, 52.6% had 5 to 10 years and 47.4% had various duration of infertility. Female cause of infertility was in 30.7% couples, male cause was in 16.3%, both were in 4.7% and finally unknown was 48.4%. Female partners of infertile couples showed different types of mode disorders such as 29.3% (n=63) having severe depression, 39.5% moderate, 20.5% mild and 10.7% having no depression. Association between educational status and depression score showed 53.02% graduate having severe depression, though statistically it was not significant. Depression was most common among patients suffering from primary infertility and among housewives as they probably had more time to think and feel the situation.
Conclusion: The high level of depression among female partners of infertile couples revealed in this study is quiet alarming and requires attention of the medical fraternity. This study proposes that clinicians should be more aware about anxiety-depression disorders among infertile groups and the necessity of identifying patients who require psychological assistance.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 93-96
Re-evaluation of Smear Negative Suspected Tuberculosis Patients by GeneXpert
Authors: Rahman Md Fashiur , Alam Md Jahangir , Sarker Md Abu Sayeed , Alim Md Abdul , Matsumoto Yoshitsugu , Rahman Md Bahanur 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems. Sputum microscopy even today is considered as most important laboratory diagnosis of TB though its negative result does not exclude tuberculosis.
Objective: To evaluate the smear negative suspected TB patients by GeneXpart.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Surya Kanto Hospital, Mymensingh from September 2014 to September 2016. Total 300 suspected TB patients were selected and sputum microscopy was performed then re-evaluation of the smear negative cases was carried out by GeneXpert.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.87 ± 13.78 years with a male to female ratio 2.1: 1 and 86% was in economically productive age of life. About 13.1% smear negative suspects were diagnosed as TB positive by GeneXpert.
Conclusion: GeneXpert played effective role to re-evaluate the smear negative TB cases. So, GeneXpert may be recommended routinely for TB detection.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 3-6
Aetiological Evaluation of Pleural Effusion in a Selected Hospital
Authors: Islam Saleh Mohammad Shahedul , Miah Md Abdul Ali , Rahman Shah Md Mahbubur , Roy Chandan Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Pleural effusion is a common clinical manifestation of varying aetiology. Its outcome varies according to underlying aetiology. The causes and prognosis vary between developed and developing countries.
Objectives: To find out the most common causes of pleural effusion in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: Total 50 patients were enrolled in the study during the period from January 2014 to November 2015 in combined military hospital, Dhaka. Informed written consent was obtained from all patients under the study, explaining the risk benefits and objectives of the study before sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire containing all the key variables along with radiological, laboratory and pleural fluid analysis report. Data presented as frequency and percentage and Chai-square test was performed by using SPSS 23.0.
Results: Patients' mean age was 48.28 ± 12.53 years and ranged from 12 to 70 years where half of them were above 50. Male-female ratio was 1.63:1. Sixty five percent of the patients had positive smoking history. Persistent cough, fever and weight loss were the main presenting symptoms. Radiological findings revealed 50% had isolated right-sided pleural effusion and laboratory investigation found 28% cases ESR value 50-100 mm in 1st hour. Pleural fluid examination revealed 75% patient had straw coloured pleural fluid. Sputum for Acid-Fast Bacilli and other relevant investigations revealed 44% patients had tuberculosis, 16% had pneumonia, 8% had malignancy and 24% had other causes of pleural effusion.
Conclusion: This study revealed that the tuberculosis is the predominant cause of pleural effusion followed by pneumonia and malignancy.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 15-17
Patient’s Waiting Time at Emergency Department in a Selected Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Ali ASM Zulfiquer , Zafreen Farzana , Al Azad Md Abdus Samad , Hossain AKM Alamgir , Akter Jesmin 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Patient satisfaction is one of the principal aims of the healthcare delivery system. Waiting time is an important parameter for assessment of hospital management and influences patient satisfaction. Patient waiting time reflects the effectiveness of treatment and management of the hospital.
Objective: To find out the waiting time of patient attending the Emergency Department in a selected tertiary level hospital and to identify the factors related to waiting time, socio-demographic characteristics of the patient and patients satisfaction status about waiting time.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at emergency department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from March 2011 to June 2011. A total of 115 cases were selected through systemic random sampling. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection.
Results: Mean waiting time was 10.17 ± 5.17 minutes. Patients waiting time was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with type of emergency. Out of 115 respondents, 30.4% received treatment within 5 minutes and only 17.4% waited more than 15 minutes. Patients waited more than 15 minutes at obstetric, medical, surgical and gynaecological emergency were 4.2%, 8.8%, 25.0% and 35.3% respectively. Most (72.1%) of the patients found satisfied with waiting time at emergency and only 27.8% expressed their dissatisfaction.
Conclusion: In this study patients’ waiting time was associated with type of emergency and most of the patients were satisfied with the waiting time at Emergency Department.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 32-34
Patterns of Neonatal Admission and Outcome in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sultana Jesmin , Nazme Nure Ishrat , Begum Nurun Nahar Fatema 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Analyzing the neonatal admission pattern helps the policymakers to make better strategies for healthcare provider to deliver better service.
Objective: To demonstrate the admission pattern and outcome of patients in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted on all neonates admitted to the NICU of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka from January to December 2015. Data were collected from file records of the patients regarding age, gender, mode of delivery, working diagnosis, length of stay in NICU and immediate outcome.
Results: A total of 502 neonates were admitted during the study period. Majority of the patients (77.3%) were admitted on the 1st day of life. There were 279(55.6%) males with a male to female ratio 1.2:1. The major cause of admission was prematurity (23.1%) and other leading causes were birth asphyxia (BA)14.9%, infant of a diabetic mother (IDM) 13.5%, neonatal sepsis 12.5%. Most of the neonates (82.7%) were delivered by caesarean section. About 84.1% were discharged after improvement, 65(12.94%) died and 15(3%) were referred to other specialties for further management. Within the first 24 hours of admission, 9.4% deaths occurred and two common causes of neonatal death were preterm (49.18%) and birth asphyxia (23%).
Conclusion: Good outcome of a neonate depends on adequate management, monitoring and good nursing care in an intensive care unit. By paying good attention to perinatal services and improving the facilities in the unit, morbidity and mortality in neonates can be reduced.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 49-53
Genetic Disorders and Consanguinity: Focus on Bangladesh
Authors: Yazdany Md Shameem 
Published: February 2020

Genetic disorders are one of the major childhood health problems. Treatment and rehabilitation of children with genetic disorders are costly and complete recovery is usually impossible. Genetic disorders are far more common than is widely appreciated and represent only the tip of the iceberg. Consanguineous marriage increases the risk of mutated autosomal recessive gene expression and consequently increases the risk of inheriting genetic disorders among the offspring. The probability of inheriting genetic disorders depends on the closeness of the relationship between the parents. That’s why considerable attention has been attracted towards the consanguineous marriage as a causative factor of the genetic disorders. It was found that the rate of consanguinity is very high among the Muslim countries. Very limited data are available regarding the rate of consanguinity and prevalence of genetic disorders related to consanguinity in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has a lot of achievements in the health sector but still, sufficient initiative have not been taken to control the genetic disorders by informing, motivating and discouraging people in consanguineous marriage. Awareness of the people with premarital and prenatal screening is very important to reduce the incidence of genetic disorders.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 59-63
Treatment of Iatrogenic Subglottic Stenosis by Therapeutic Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy
Authors: Begum Nurun Nahar Fatema , Sultana Jesmin , Sarker Md Ferdousur Rahman , Yasmeen Sabina , Das Maj Bijoy Kumar , Jahan Isme 
Published: February 2020

Endotracheal intubation is a common procedure in intensive care unit. It still qualifies as an invasive procedure. Prolonged endotracheal intubation or intubation with cuffed endotracheal tube in a newborn or young infant is a risk factor for the development of subglottic stenosis. It usually presents with stridor in childhood. The most likely mechanism of subglottic stenosis is an injury of tracheal mucosa, with secondary scar healing that consequently leads to the development of some degree of subglottic stenosis. Depending on the degree of subglottic stenosis, patients may be asymptomatic for a long time or symptoms can occur within several weeks. The incidence of stenosis is very low if intubation lasts less than a week. Sometimes the patient may develop severe subglottic stenosis after short-term endotracheal intubation. Intubation with cuffed endotracheal tube in newborn results in pressure necrosis and sloughing followed by subglottic stenosis. This article presents a case of a patient (Baby A) who had intubation with cuffed tube which landed to airway problem and stenosis and was managed successfully by taking help from an expert pediatric pulmonologist of a neighbouring country.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 64-68
Usability of Mobile Health Application for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Clinicians
Authors: TİMURTAŞ Eren , POLAT Mine Gülden 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Usability of technological devices is an important and relevant construct as mobile technologies are increasingly used to deliver healthcare products. Most accessible devices are smartphone and smartwatch but information on their usability is scarce. The aim of this study is to compare the usability of smartphone and smartwatch devices in delivering an exercise platform to individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among two focus groups: individuals with T2DM and clinicians.Methods: A total of 40 individuals with T2DM (focus group 1) and 20 clinicians (focus group 2) were recruited to use the platforms one week. Each focus group was randomly divided into: smartphone and smartwatch groups. Each participant was provided with a practice trial for a week before data collection. Usability of both devices was measured with System Usability Scale (SUS). Student t-test was used to compare the total and subscale scores of SUS between two devices in each focus group.Results: In focus group 1 and 2, the mean total scores of SUS were slightly higher in smartphone group (88,75 9,34 and 86,75 8,68 ) than smartwatch group (87,87 7.56 and 82,35 6,59) respectively. When compared to individual items, three items were statistically significant in focus group 1 and one in focus group 2 (p 0.05).Conclusion:This study demonstrates a high usability (SUS score&gt;80,8) for both smartphone and smartwatch devices in individuals with T2DM and clinicians. When compared between devices for two groups, exercise platform delivered through smartphone performed better on usability than smartwatch for both individuals with T2DM and clinicians.
The MANTO Project : Telematics - opportunities and risks for traffic and settlement
Authors: Keller Peter 
Published: February 2020

The MANTO research project carried out in the years 1984-1987 at the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology (ETH) at Zürich and Lausanne examines possible trends in telematics, mainly looking at their impact on transport and settlement but also studying their effects on society, economy and environment.
The rapid spread of new telematics applications is associated with opportunities as well as risks. Telematics can be used, on the one hand, to effect large-scale decentralisation and small-scale mingling of functions in towns and villages and, on the other hand, to more rationally manage or substite traffic. Both help conserve our finite land and energy resources and bring about a reduction of pollution urgently needed. At the same time, use of telematics should be made to improve the employment situation and to create educational opportunities throughout the country and the economy. Finally, telematics applications which reverse tendencies of social isolation should be developed and promoted.
Such opportunities and development do not just happen. On the contrary, there is a great need for action. But there is also still scope for action. If the opportunities are to be seized and the risks avoided, we cannot just wait to learn from other people's experience. For economics' and society's sake, active participation in developing this technology is required. Deliberate action is called for.
Les débuts de la polyvalence administrative postale (1974-1979)
Authors: Pannetier Gilles 
Published: February 2020

Les Pouvoirs Publics, prenant conscience dans les années 1970 de la gravité de l'exode rural et notamment du retrait des services publics dans les campagnes, ont, de 1974 à 1979, aidé la Poste, malgré la réticence de certaines administrations, à mettre en place dans les bureaux de poste ruraux une polyvalence administrative permettant à ses receveurs d’effectuer un certain nombre d'opérations pour le compte d’autres administrations ou organismes (ex : diffusion d’offres d'emploi A.N.P.E, vente d’objets fiscaux, délivrance de pièces d'identité, prêt de livres).
Même si neuf ans après son officialisation intervenue en 1979 cette polyvalence a peu progressé et n’a pas répondu tout à fait aux objectifs de ses initiateurs, du fait des réticences qu’elle a
suscitées, d’un lancement et d’un suivi parfois défaillants et d'une méconnaissance des besoins réels des populations locales, ses perspectives d’avenir et ses possibilités de relance sont loin d’être négligeables .
Accessibility of cities in european infrastructure networks : a comparison of approaches
Authors: Bruinsma Frank R. , Rietveld Piet 
Published: February 2020

This paper deals with the importance of accessibility as a factor influencing locational decions of firms at a European level. A comparative analysis will be carried out of studies dealing with this issue. Attention will be paid among others to the importance of international accessibility in comparison with the quality of local transport infrastructure. Also, the importance of non-transport factors (e.g. quality of office space or cost of labour) will be discussed.
In the second part of the paper we will compare the results of three recent studies on the accessibility of about 40 European cities :
- Erlandsson and Törnqvist, who measure the total number of people who can be visited from a certain city on a return trip in one day with a duration of stay of at least four hours
- Healey and Baker, who present subjective estimates of experts on the accessibility of European cities
- Bruinsma and Rietveld who compute accessibility measures based on a gravity
type model.
New communication technologies and urban system : an approach proposal
Authors: Gargiulo Carmela , La Rocca Rosa Anna , Stanganelli Marialuce 
Published: February 2020

The subject of this work is the study of the integrations and interrelations phenomena beetwen technological innovation and city. Within this study, innovation and city have been considered as dynamically complex systems. In order to consider all the variables involved in these two systems, the study has been developed examining three different scientific approaches : economic, political-istitutional and social approach.
The method selected allows to identify the main urban elements (functional and physical) involved in the diffusion process of technological innovation. The analysys of these elements allows to point out the impacts caused by technological change on urban system.
The decision-making processes in environmental matters : two italian case studies
Authors: Pappa Rocco , Fossa Giovanna , Silverii Maria Grazia 
Published: February 2020

The philosophy -which has guided the growth of industrial countries- has been characterized as aspiration to unlimited quantitative increase. This increase has been based on alteration of natural system , waste of resources and dissipation of energy.
The phenomena of decrease and pollution, which invest urban and metropolitan ambits, are assuming the level of emergency and are holding such importance as to require the revision of the specific decision-making system.
The pursuit of such an aim requires a clear definition of the decision-making processes in environmental matters and the examination of the factors which compromise its efficacy, in the ampler context of the politics of territory management. The resolution of 'environmental issue' has to be compared with a different culture of transformation, which conjugate environmental values and socio-economic development.
In relation to this the research has been subdivided in these phases :
• description of environmental problems in Campania (South Italy) and in Lombardia (North Italy), with particular reference to metropolitan areas;
• study of characters and manners of course of the environmental decision¬ making processes in Campania (South Italy) and in Lombardia (North Italy). Examination of elements which compromise the effectivness of environmental decisions;
• description of actual situation about regional planning in environmental matters, in comparison with European and Italian aims;
• definition of the system of competences in environmental matters : specification of the outline of institutional and non-institutional actors, of their organizational patterns, of their ambits of action and of their ambits of competence in every enviromental matters.
The results of this study can be pinpointed in :
• definition of reference criteria for the reorganization of the decisional system in environmental matters;
• expression of hypotesis for the revision of decisional network in environmental matters, according to contents of the law which institute the Metropolitan City authority (Law 142/90).
Quartiers défavorisés et télécommunications. Approche monographique sur deux quartiers : le Val Fourré à Mantes-La-Jolie et les Pentes de la Croix-Rousse à Lyon
Authors: Bakis Henry 
Published: February 2020

Existe-t-il un usage et des problèmes particuliers des télécommunications dans les quartiers les plus défavorisés ?
Cette étude fait partie d'un ensemble de travaux et réflexions s'inscrivant dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre France Télécom, la Délégation Interministérielle à la Ville (DIV) et l'Observatoire des Télécommunications dans la Ville (OTV). Elle a pour objet de fournir une approche quantitative de la relation entre télécommunications et les 400 quartiers français les plus en difficulté, ceux retenus par les opérations de Développement Social des Quartiers (DSQ) ou Développement Social Urbain (DSU).