bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Maximum Energy of Shock-accelerated Electrons in a Microturbulent Magnetic Field
Authors: Warren Donald C. , Beauchemin Catherine A. A. , Barkov Maxim V. , Nagataki Shigehiro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Relativistic shocks propagating into a medium with low magnetization are generated and sustained by small-scale but very strong magnetic field turbulence. This so-called “microturbulence” modifies the typical shock acceleration process, and in particular that of electrons. In this work we perform Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of electrons encountering shocks with microturbulent fields. The simulations cover a three-dimensional parameter space in shock speed, acceleration efficiency, and peak magnetic field strength. From these, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method was employed to estimate the maximum electron momentum from the MC-simulated electron spectra. Having estimated this quantity at many points well-distributed over an astrophysically relevant parameter space, an MCMC method was again used to estimate the parameters of an empirical formula that computes the maximum momentum of a Fermi-accelerated electron population anywhere in this parameter space. The maximum energy is well-approximated as a broken power law in shock speed, with the break occurring when the shock decelerates to the point where electrons can begin to escape upstream from the shock.
Decihertz Gravitational Waves from Double White Dwarf Merger Remnants
Authors: Yoshida Shin’ichirou 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Close binaries of double white dwarfs (DWDs) inspiral and merge by emitting gravitational waves (GWs). Orbital motion of some of these binaries is expected to be observed at a low-frequency band by space-borne laser interferometric detectors of GWs. The merger remnant may suffer thermonuclear runaway and explode as SNe Ia if they are massive enough. As GW sources, the remnants have so far been scarcely studied. Here we propose a new mechanism of GW emission from DWD merger remnants that may be observed by planned GW detectors in a decihertz frequency band. A remnant is temporarily expected to have a high degree of differential rotation as a consequence of the merger process. It is then unstable to oscillation modes whose azimuthal pattern speed coincides with the stellar rotation. We solve the eigenvalue problem of differentially rotating remnants and identify unstable eigenmodes, which may be categorized to inertial modes. The estimate of characteristic strain of GWs shows that they may be detectable within the distance of the Virgo cluster by planned gravitational wave observatories targeting the decihertz band.
Regulation of Immune Responses by Nonhematopoietic Cells in Asthma
Authors: Royer Derek J , Cook Donald N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nonhematopoietic cells are emerging as important contributors to many inflammatory diseases, including allergic asthma. Recent advances have led to a deeper understanding of how these cells interact with traditional immune cells, thereby modulating their activities in both homeostasis and disease. In addition to their well-established roles in gas exchange and barrier function, lung epithelial cells express an armament of innate sensors that can be triggered by various inhaled environmental agents, leading to the production of proinflammatory molecules. Advances in cell lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing have expanded our knowledge of rare, but immunologically important nonhematopoietic cell populations. In parallel with these advances, novel reverse genetic approaches are revealing how individual genes in different lung-resident nonhematopoietic cell populations contribute to the initiation and maintenance of asthma. This knowledge is already revealing new pathways that can be selectively targeted to treat distinct forms of asthma.
Exploring the utility of neuro-monitoring in neurosurgery
Authors: Goonasekera Chulananda , Jones Holly , Lawrence Rebekah , Hanrahan John , Iyer Priyanka , Nijhawan Aditi 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The purpose of intraoperative neuro-monitoring (IONM) is to minimize injury to eloquent neural structures and optimize tumor resection.

Method:
We explored the utility of IONM using a qualitative approach in a single center. Eight experienced users of its use in spinal and cranial surgery in adults and children were the informants. Using a constant comparative method, the findings were collated by thematic analysis.

Results:
The user perspective is that of caution to minimize adverse effects whilst empowering the need for formal training to enhance its efficacy. The process of IONM needs standardization as practices vary amongst users. Most users expressed limited trust on its current capabilities but hoped for its advancement to achieve higher sensitivity and specificity. None were however prepared to abandon its use.

Conclusion:
IONM needs optimization. Its utility depends on user vigilance, multi-disciplinary validation, and individual expertise. This study draws out key issues from the user perspective that need to be addressed in order to enhance the utility of IONM.
PELATIHAN PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PRA UJI KOMPETENSI KEJURUAN (UKK) JURUSAN TEKNIK OTOMOTIF KEPADA SISWA SMK RIGOMASI BONTANG
Authors: Ahmad Yani  , Yano Hurung Anoi  , Wildan Hamdani  
Published: January 2021

Pengabdian Masyarakat merupakan salah satu dari Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi yang wajib dilakukan oleh dosen. Uji Kompetensi Keahlian (UKK) adalah bagian dari intervensi Pemerintah dalam menjamin mutu pendidikan pada satuan pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan. Pelaksanaan UKK bertujuan untuk mengukur pencapaian kompetensi siswa pada level tertentu sesuai kompetensi Keahlian yang ditempuh selama masa pembelajaran di SMK. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk mendukung persiapan siswa SMK Rigomasi pada Ujian Kompetensi Keahlian teknik otomotif yang setiap tahun diadakan dan meningkatkan pencapaian kompetensi siswa SMK Rigomasi. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan dan pembahasan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan keahlian tune up dan perbaikan engine management system yang cukup signifikan setelah melewati pelatihan yang ditandai dengan hasil perbandingan antara nilai pretest dengan post test. Dari hasil pengolahan data dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai ujian post test maksimum sebesar 8,97
PENANGGULANGAN BAHAYA LONGSOR PERIODIK DI DUSUN WAILAWA DESA TAWIRI
Authors: Kastanya Felix , Ferat Puturuhu  
Published: January 2021

Posisi Dusun Wailawa Desa Tawiri dikelilingi oleh lereng dan daerah aliran sungai yang memberikan potensi bencana setiap tahunnya terutama pada musim penghujan. Bencana berupa tanah longsor senantiasa mengancam warga yang memanfaatkan lereng gunung sebagai upaya pembangunan rumah tinggal dengan cara momotong kaki lereng. Hasil potongan terhadap kaki lereng tersebut membuat dinding lereng menjadi terbuka dan mudah longsor akibat tererosi oleh air hujan yang mengalir melalui bagian atas lereng dan bergerak menuruni badan lereng, sehingga terjadi longsor secara parsial yang dapat berubah menjadi massif. Lereng yang dipotong juga dimanfaatkan oleh perangkat desa untuk meletakan papan pengumuman yang tidak permanen sehingga mudah roboh atau rusak karena pengaruh hujan maupun tiupan angin. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dilaksankan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan membuat perkerasan pada bagian atas lereng yang disertai dengan penanaman stek pohon gamal pada bagian atas lereng yang dicoor dan penanaman stek pohon gamal pada bagian lereng diatasnya. Perkerasan diterapkan juga pada kaki lereng, dan pada badan lereng dibuat dinding penahan tanah yang berfungsi untuk menahan tanah sekaligus berfungsi sebagai papan pengumuman. Untuk mengamankan papa pengumuman tersebut dibuat rumah tidak permanen yang berfungsi juga sebagai pos jaga bagi masyarakat. Dalam rangka meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang bahaya longsor dan cara penanganannya, maka Sssialisasi dilakukan pada dua lokasi berbeda dengan jumlah peserta dibatasi lima belas peserta. Hasil pengabdian menunjukan Penanaman pohon gamal berupa stek pada daerah lereng yang memliki potensi longsor bervariasi dengan ketinggian 25cm sampai dengan 200cm, Perkerasan pada bagian atas lereng yang memiliki potensi longsor terbentuk dengan lebar 30cm – 50cm dan panjang 15 sampai 20m Dinding pengaman lereng yang memiliki fungsi ganda sesuai permintaan mitra terbentuk dengan ketinggian bervariasi 40 cm sampai 150cm. Terlaksananya sosialisasi tentang bahaya longsor dan penanganannya pada 2 lokasi yang berbeda dengan kenaikan tingkat pemahaman sebesar 32.5%
MODEL KURVA LORENZ PADA PENGELUARAN RUMAH TANGGA PERTANIAN DI PROVINSI PAPUA
Authors: Muhammad Fajar  
Published: January 2021

Berdasarkan penelitian sebelummya menunjukkan bahwa distribusi pengeluaran rumah tangga pertanian Provinsi Papua adalah distribusi Generalized Beta Type 2 (GB2), namun menurut penulis jika model kurva Lorenz diturunkan dari distribusi Generalized Beta Type 2 memiliki bentuk yang rumit dan tidak sederhana serta implisit. Oleh karena itu, tujuan paper ini adalah untuk memodelkan kurva Lorenz pengeluaran rumah tangga pertanian Provinsi Papua dengan menggunakan model kurva Lorenz versi Rohde, yang merupakan model dengan satu parameter. Terdapat tiga rumusan untuk mengestimasi parameter dalam pemodelan kurva Lorenz, yaitu rata-rata aritmatik, median dan least square. Dalam paper ini, penulis menambahkan rumusan rata-rata harmonis dan trimean untuk mendapatkan nilai estimasi parameter pada kurva Lorenz. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa model Lorenz versi Rohde dapat diterapkan dan estimasi pada model tersebut menghasilkan bahwa yang diturunkan dari median memiliki mean squared error minimum, sehingga gini ratio yang dihasilkan memiliki akurasi dan presisi yang tinggi serta sesuai dengan sebaran data
School Mathematics Teachers Are Super Heroes
Authors: White Allan Leslie 
Published: January 2021

Hollywood has produced many super heroes such as Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman. Recently it released a film titled 'Waiting for Superman' which shows a young boy imprisoned within a system and classroom that does not stimulate his learning while actively destroying his motivation and engagement with the educational process. The film implied the task of fixing the problem was so great that only Superman could fix it. So what are the criteria for a super hero? Firstly it is someone with extraordinary powers beyond those of most mortals. In this paper I will propose that most mathematics teachers meet the criteria and are super heroes who combat the spread of darkness and ignorance of mathematics. I will present evidence to prove that most mild mannered mathematics teachers are really super heroes in disguise. Mathematics teachers have super powers. They have the power to understand and value mathematics, something that is beyond the vast majority of the population. What is the basis of their power? It is their mathematics pedagogical and content knowledge. Not only can they do mathematics, but they can construct a learning environment where their students develop conceptual knowledge and deep learning. They use the latest developments in technology to assist their battle with the forces of darkness and innumeracy. While more mathematics has been invented in the last 50 years than in the preceding years of human development, teachers are expected to keep abreast of this new knowledge. Hollywood may be waiting for Superman, but the real super heroes are every day engaged in the battle to reveal to their students the power and the beauty of mathematics that can transform their lives.
Mathematics Education Research Food For Thought With Flavours From Asia
Authors: White Allan Leslie 
Published: January 2021

This paper will dip into the wonderfully rich, internationally flavoured, mathematics education research smorgasbord. In more recent times the focus has concentrated upon the cook (the teacher) and the skills needed (pedagogical knowledge) to produce delightfully pleasing brain food to nourish the growth of students. However, if this focus ignores the other essential ingredients (context, students, parents, and policies) then the results do not meet expectations. These expectations are also many and varied and include academic standards and achievement, engagement and deep understanding, exciting and enjoyable teaching and learning, relevant and meaningful learning, and the development of thinking and reasoning skills. Mathematics education research is a source of many recipes for success, and where the various countries provide their own cultural flavours. This paper will attempt to provide a taste of a range of samples drawn from research in order to satisfy an assortment of expectations while providing food for further thought.
Integrating Technology in Teaching and Learning Mathematics
Authors: Pannen Paulina 
Published: January 2021

With the rapid development of ICT and its ramification in our world, especially education, can we envision how education will look like in the future, especially in Indonesia, and in the teaching and learning of mathematics? Employing Zappa’s Envisioning the Future of Educational Technology (2013) and NMC Horizon Report (2014) K-12 Edition, this paper will reflect on the effort of ICT integration in teaching and learning, especially in the teaching and learning of mathematics, in Indonesia. Taking stock of the existing Government’s policy on ICT and ICT in Education, also of the facts and figures of Indonesia’s ICT profile, this paper discusses initiatives, practices, and studies of ICT in Education, integration of ICT in the teaching and learning of mathematics, what technology and how to integrate in the teaching and learning of mathematics, and some future prediction on the evolution of teaching and learning due to emerging technologies.
Australian Mathematics Literacy Perspectives: Assessment
Authors: White Allan Leslie 
Published: January 2021

This is a companion paper and should be read with the earlier one (White, 2017) that focused mainly on Australian governmental policies. In this paper, a more classroom and student focus will be adopted while summarising a few of the salient points of the first paper. A brief listing of five different types of mathematical literacy is provided. The definition used by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is selected andsome brief remarks are provided on this program. PISA items are presented in the form of word problems. If a country such as Australia or Indonesia wants to improve their PISA results then it would demand that some class time is devoted to the development of the abilities of younger students to handle word problems before they turn fifteen and are subjected to PISA. To support classroom teachers, Newman (1977, 1983) defined five specific mathematical literacy levels as crucial to performance on mathematical wordproblems: reading, comprehension, transformation, process skills, and encoding. Newman's Error Analysis (NEA) provides a framework for considering the reasons that underlay the difficulties students experience with mathematical word problems and a process that assists teachers to determine where misunderstandings occur. NEA also provides directions for where teachers could target effective teaching strategies to overcome them. There is a brief discussion of strategies to assist students improve theirmathematical literacy.
Духовное развитие и теологичность элитарности
Authors: Glazkov Alexander P. 
Published: January 2021

В рамках данной статьи предпринимается попытка рассмотреть нерелигиозную сторону феномена духовной деятельности человека, не упуская в тоже время его открытость к дальнейшей возможной конкретизации, которую мы можем обозначить в перспективе как «теологию элитарности».
Понятием «духовность» мы обозначаем внутренний мир человека. Внутренний духовный мир человека сложен и находится в постоянном движении. Это духовное движение обусловливается стремлением к совершенству. Все то, что входит в духовный мир человека и составляет его сложность, связано с этой нацеленностью на совершенствование. Составной частью духовного мира является идеалы. Идеалы – это представления о совершенном. Идеал сверхъестественен, сверхопытен и поэтому теологи-чен. Человек стремится к совершенству. Но для человека как духовного существа на первый план выходит не телесное совершенство и не совершенство социального статуса, а прежде всего духовное совершенство. Объективное измерение духовного совершенства представляет научную проблему. Духовное развитие, как путь к элитарности, включает в себя принципиально важный этап – обнаружение собственных личностных недостатков, имеющих, прежде всего, нравственный характер. Только после этого может быть начат процесс личного совершенствования, содержанием которого будет исправление своих несовершенств.
В статье представлен один из вариантов понимания духовного совершенства, которое рассматривается под углом зрения теологичности. Понятием «теологичность» в данной статье фиксируется идеальный уровень духовной жизни. В концепт понятия «элита» – входит идея совершенства. Относящийся к духовной элите тот, кто достигает совершенства в духовном развитии. Теологичность таким образом, может послужить концептуальным маркером при определении пути к элитности.
Less Masculine, More Feminine dan Less Feminine, More Masculine: Laki-laki Mengekspresikan Androgini Melalui Fashion
Authors: Fadly WIjayakusuma Putri Kumalasari 
Published: January 2021

Androgyny combines masculine and feminine characters at once. Despite the fact that the way one’s talk, gestures, emotions, interests and talents are indicators of androgyny, fashion or the way they dress has become the main indicator. While the existing literatures deal more on characteristics, behavior, interests and talents, and self-representation through social media, this article is focused on how androgyny men exptress their gender through fashion.
This study was conducted in the city of Makassar which involved 12 male college students. They are varied based on age (between 20 and 24 years), and profession (master of ceremony, model, dancer, make up artist, disc jockey). Data was collected using in-depth interview, focus discussion group (FGD), and observation as the primary data sources as well website and social media (i.e. Instagram), as the secondary data sources.
The study indicates that androgynous men is not transgender because they did not want to become “like women”, as transgender do. Besides, androgynous men classify themselves higher than transgender, from both appearance and social class. Although androgynous men may express their androgynousness through behavior, interests and talents, fashion is the most significant aspect that indicates a person's androgynousity. Androgynous men express androgyny more through fashion than others because through fashion their existence is easily recognized, as it is combining between masculine and feminine characters. Androgynous fashion is divided into two, less masculine-more feminine and less feminine-more masculine. Whether an androgynous man is more feminine or more masculine, depending on their performance and perception towards what is being performed. The motives of androgynous men are divided into two, the first is “because-to-motive” and “in-order to motive”. While the former includes influencing by peer group, having sense of comfort, feeling self satisfaction, and being professional; the latter consists of expecting to be socially accepted and to be accepted as normal people.
Filipino As Second Language: Guide In Acquiring Filipino By Reading Novels
Authors: Bernal Jr. Hernando L. , Gumaru Renz Chester R. , Oleo Sammy T. 
Published: January 2021

Learning a second language is one thing. Learning a second language through reading a text is another thing. This study aims to show the acquisition of Filipino as Second Language of the respondents who are reading novels. The researcher utilized the Descriptive Method of research with the questionnaire as the main data-gathering instrument since this study focused on Reading Filipino Novels in Acquiring Filipino as Second Language; Basis in Designing a Guide to Enhance Filipino Proficiency. Engaging children in reading novels have some effects on how they acquire new language. The improvement of a child is not only about himself but also there are some factors concerning it.This study aims to show the acquisition of Filipino as Second Language of the respondents who are reading novels. Those respondents who are fond of reading such novels will acquire something
Child physical abuse: awareness and practices of medical and dental doctors in Pakistan
Authors: Hafiz Muhammad Ali Khan  , Naveed Mansoori  , Muhammad Hamza Sohail  , Muhammad Ajwad Humayun  , Anam Liaquat  , Syed Muhammad Mubeen  , Admin  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives: To determine the awareness and practices of medical and dental doctors in detecting and reporting suspected cases of child physical abuse.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was done from November 2017 to June 2018 among medical and dental doctors practising in public and private hospitals across Pakistan. Using convienence sampling technique a structured questionnaire was administered. The questionnaire addresses knowledge of the social indicators of child physical abuse, response to child physical abuse, and actions taken by doctors when they believe a child abuse case has been decided. Descriptive analysis was done, and Chi-square test was used for the association of knowledge about child physical abuse and sex. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Out of total 575 doctors, 347 (60.3%) were males and 446 (77.6%) work in private hospitals. The majority of doctors 384 (66.8%) had <10 years of experience and only 99(17.2%) had received formal training of child abuse. A fifth of doctors agreed to tell someone immediately after being physically abused for social indicators of child physical abuse and considered statistically significant between the sexes (P<0.05). Most doctors 450(78.3%) strongly agreed on the value of identifying and documenting child physical abuse while 563(97.9%) doctors did not take any action to suspect a child abuse case.
Conclusion: The study revealed sufficient knowledge among doctors about child physical abuse. Although the doctors had a positive attitude regarding child physical abuse, a large proportion remain silent on its suspicion.
Keywords: Child, Physical abuse, Physicians, Continuous...
Comparative Analysis of Regional versus General Anesthesia
Authors: Mason Luisa , Jackman Tiffany 
Published: January 2021

The administration of regional or general anesthesia is dependent upon many factors to help reduce complications and improve patient outcomes after surgery. In this comparative analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of both types of anesthesia as well as their respective contraindications are reviewed. Both regional and general anesthetics come with adverse effects including morbidity/mortality, and a certain threshold that warrants a type of anesthesia suitable for a surgical procedure. Although there are risks associated with both, certain patient populations may be at higher risk of complications including the elderly, severely ill, and individuals with specific medical conditions. A review of current literature advises the following factors to be examined prior to choosing an anesthesia method most appropriate for the patient including: body mass index (BMI), medical history, age, current medications, fasting time, alcohol/drug intake, pharmaceutical drug use, dental work and airway inspection, as well as neck flexibility and head extension. The research suggests that the patient be fully informed of the risks and benefits of both regional and general anesthesia, as well as taking part in the decision-making process.