bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphism in a cohort of Egyptian primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients
Authors: Fathy Mona , Darweesh Arwa M. , Sharaf Sahar , El-Hanafi Hadeel M. , Ghaleb Fayek M. , Fahmy Iman A. , Hussein Shadia M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) that is the most prevalent type. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family synthesized by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Disturbance of axonal transport of neurotrophins with optic nerve dystrophy results in deprivation of BDNF support to the RGCs inducing glaucomatous retinal cell death.

Materials and methods
This case-control study was conducted on 50 POAG patients (mean age 55 ± 10) and 50 healthy control subjects (mean age 40 ± 11). Both groups underwent full ophthalmological examination. Genomic DNA was extracted followed by BDNF rs2030324 genotyping by real time PCR.

Results
Correlation coefficient analysis showed significant positive correlation between age and right and left cup to disc ratio (r = 0.448, p = 0.001; r = 0.283, p = 0.004 respectively) and significant negative correlation between intraocular pressure and right and left VA (r = − 0.212, p = 0.034; r = − 0.258, p = 0.009 respectively). No significant difference between the 2 groups was found as regards genotype or alleles frequency distribution (p = 0.722).

Conclusion
This study did not succeed to illustrate the role of BDNF gene polymorphism (SNP rs2030324) as a risk factor for POAG occurrence. The mechanism of glaucoma development according to the BDNF polymorphism remains unclear.
Cold Exposure Distinctively Modulates Parathyroid and Thyroid Hormones in Cold-Acclimatized and Non-Acclimatized Humans
Authors: Kovaničová Zuzana , Kurdiová Tímea , Baláž Miroslav , Štefanička Patrik , Varga Lukáš , Kulterer Oana C , Betz Matthias J , Haug Alexander R , Burger Irene A , Kiefer Florian W , Wolfrum Christian , Ukropcová Barbara , Ukropec Jozef 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cold-induced activation of thermogenesis modulates energy metabolism, but the role of humoral mediators is not completely understood. We aimed to investigate the role of parathyroid and thyroid hormones in acute and adaptive response to cold in humans. Examinations were performed before/after 15 minutes of ice-water swimming (n = 15) or 120 to 150 minutes of cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) applied to cold-acclimatized (n = 6) or non-acclimatized (n = 11) individuals. Deep-neck brown adipose tissue (BAT) was collected from non-acclimatized patients undergoing elective neck surgery (n = 36). Seasonal variations in metabolic/hormonal parameters of ice-water swimmers were evaluated. We found that in ice-water swimmers, PTH and TSH increased and free T3, T4 decreased after a 15-minute winter swim, whereas NST-inducing cold exposure failed to regulate PTH and free T4 and lowered TSH and free T3. Ice-water swimming-induced increase in PTH correlated negatively with systemic calcium and positively with phosphorus. In non-acclimatized men, NST-inducing cold decreased PTH and TSH. Positive correlation between systemic levels of PTH and whole-body metabolic preference for lipids as well as BAT volume was found across the 2 populations. Moreover, NST-cooling protocol-induced changes in metabolic preference for lipids correlated positively with changes in PTH. Finally, variability in circulating PTH correlated positively with UCP1/UCP1, PPARGC1A, and DIO2 in BAT from neck surgery patients. Our data suggest that regulation of PTH and thyroid hormones during cold exposure in humans varies by cold acclimatization level and/or cold stimulus intensity. Possible role of PTH in NST is indicated by its positive relationships with whole-body metabolic preference for lipids, BAT volume, and UCP1 content.
Endocrinological Features of Hartsfield Syndrome in an Adult Patient With a Novel Mutation of FGFR1
Authors: Kobayashi Sachiko , Tanigawa Junpei , Kondo Hidehito , Nabatame Shin , Maruoka Azusa , Sho Hiroyuki , Tanikawa Kazuko , Inui Ryoko , Otsuki Michio , Shimomura Iichiro , Ozono Keiichi , Hashimoto Kunihiko 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Hartsfield syndrome (HS: OMIM 615465) is a rare congenital disease associated with a mutation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene (FGFR1) with the main features of holoprosencephaly and ectrodactyly. Patients with HS also present with endocrinological deficits, such as isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and central diabetes insipidus. Although there are several studies on infancy/childhood history, there is no study of infant/childhood/adolescent/young adult HS natural history and endocrinological findings. Here, we report a male patient with HS associated with a novel de novo FGFR1 mutation (c. 1868A &gt; C). The endocrinological profile was evaluated at ages 1 and 31 years. This long-term follow-up study highlights functional changes in the posterior pituitary gland and features of bone metabolism disorder. We also describe the anterior pituitary function. To our knowledge this is the first description of the natural history of an HS patient through birth to young adult age. Although the HS infants reported in the literature develop central diabetes insipidus, little is known about the serial changes in pituitary gland function during growth in HS patients. In this study we describe an adult patient with HS who showed improvement of hypernatremia during early adulthood. In addition, we emphasize the importance of prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in HS.
Brincadeira livre como promotora da habilidade comunicativa intencional de bebês
Authors: Costa Ana Cristina Ramos , Braz-Aquino Fabíola De Sousa 
Published: April 2020

Essa pesquisa investigou a habilidade de comunicação intencional infantil em contexto de brincadeira livre na interação mãe-bebê nos dois primeiros anos de vida. O objetivo principal foi analisar as modalidades de brincadeiras e o uso de gestos comunicativos intencionais de bebês durante situações de brincadeira livre. Participaram deste estudo seis díades mãe-bebê com idades de nove, doze e quinze meses. A análise dos episódios suscitou em três eixos gerais de análise: tipos de interações; tipos de brincadeiras realizadas entre as díades em cada período; e, atos comunicativos intencionais dos bebês durante o uso dos brinquedos e/ou objetos nas interações. Os resultados assinalaram variações nas habilidades de comunicação intencional dos bebês, nos tipos de uso de brinquedos e modalidades de brincadeiras nos três períodos interativos estudados, como também a importância do papel mediador do adulto no desenvolvimento de habilidades sociocognitivas e linguísticas. Ressalta-se a contribuição desta pesquisa no sentido de produzir conhecimento que possa subsidiar programas de intervenção de profissionais que atuam em contextos de educação e de saúde com foco na promoção de desenvolvimento sociocognitivo e linguístico nos anos iniciais da vida do bebê.
Mid-infrared widely tunable single-mode interband cascade lasers based on V-coupled cavities
Authors: Yang Hanting , Yang Rui Q. , Gong Jingli , He Jian-Jun 
Published: April 2020

We demonstrate widely tunable single-mode V-coupled-cavity lasers
emitting at wavelengths near 3 µm based on a type-II interband cascade
(IC) structure. The mode selection is achieved using a half-wave
V-coupler designed for the IC structure in the mid-infrared range. The
laser waveguides and cavity structure are deeply etched in a single
etching step, without any grating. By changing the injection current
at a fixed heat-sink temperature, a tuning range over 35 nm can be
achieved with a side-mode suppression-ratio up to 28 dB. The tuning
range can be extended to 60 nm when combined with the adjustments of
the heat-sink temperature.
Konstrukční výzkum učebnice pro výuku angličtiny pro specifické účely: Hodnocení pilotní verze učebnice
Authors: Ellederová Eva 
Published: April 2020

Abstrakt: Studie představuje metodologii konstrukčního výzkumu učebnice pro výuku angličtiny pro specifické účely (dále jen ESP) a seznamuje čtenáře s prvními výsledky výzkumného šetření. Cílem je vyhodnotit kvalitu pilotní verze učebnice a následně formulovat konstrukční principy týkající se změn, které je nutné provést v její celkové koncepci, a to za současné validace a vývoje teorií designu učebních materiálů pro výuku ESP. Pro sběr dat byly zvoleny dva typy metod: (1) dotazníkové šetření zaměřené na hodnocení učebnice učiteli a studenty a (2) pre-testování a post-testování znalostí a dovedností studentů před a po používání dané učebnice. Výsledky: Z výzkumného šetření vyplývají požadavky na přepracování učebnice tak, aby co nejlépe vyhovovala jako učební prostředek cílové skupině studentů, a také určité rozdílné a společné priority učitelů a studentů při volbě vhodných učebních materiálů. Dále výsledky výzkumu potvrdily některé z teorií designu učebnic pro výuku ESP. Závěry: Výsledky výzkumu představují východiska pro přepracování učebnice, po kterém bude její nová verze opět implementována do výuky a stejným postupem hodnocena její kvalita. Pro všechny autory učebních materiálů vyplývá doporučení ověřit kvalitu jejich pilotní verze prostřednictvím zpětné vazby ze strany učitelů, studentů a dalších zúčastněných, kteří se podílejí na tvorbě kurikula, popřípadě ověřováním znalostí a dovedností, které studenti používáním těchto materiálů získali.
Klíčová slova: konstrukční výzkum, učebnice pro výuku angličtiny pro specifické účely, iterace, konstrukční principy, kategoriální systém hodnoticích kritérií, dotazníkové šetření, didaktický test.
Ethical and Moral Aspects of School Education: The situation in the Czech Republic
Authors: Mareš Jiří 
Published: April 2020

Abstract: This review study focuses on ethical and moral aspects of school education in the Czech Republic after 1989, when change occurred not only in the political regime but also in all spheres of social life, including education. The study is based on publications by Czech authors and is structured into six parts. The fi rst part describes the broader context of the chosen issue: it describes the basic philosophical concepts of ethics and morality and reminds offi cial materials (starting with the International Teachers’ Charter, through materials created by the Ministry of Education, to the school rules of individual schools). The second part provides an overview of publications dealing with the ethical and moral education of children and adolescents from the perspective of various scientific disciplines: philosophy, theology, sociology, and psychology. The third part presents the organizational form of ethical and moral education at Czech basic and secondary schools. In terms of its content and conception, ethics education as a subject taught in Czech schools is based on the concept of prosocial education (Roche-Olivar, 1992), adapted by the Slovak author Ladislav Lencz (1995). The fourth part is devoted to a specifi c genre, review studies which provide information about Czech and foreign research studies, and evaluates them. The fifth and most extensive part reports on selected Czech empirical studies that deal with the ethical and moral aspects of education. It presents research on cyberbullying addressed to both pupils and teachers and mobbing and bossing in schools, examines the course and outcomes of teaching ethical topics, researches the power relations between teachers and their pupils, and examines the tendencies for teachers and pupils to be manipulated at school, cheating by pupils at school, and pupils helping one another. The sixth and last part of the study describes assessment tools with the help of which the ethical and moral aspects of school education are determined. The study concludes that one-off transversal research studies predominate in the studies, while longitudinal research studies are not conducted at all; mainstream research focuses on real-life research and no intervention studies are undertaken; researchers’ attention is focused mainly on negative ethical and moral situations, while research into positive phenomena is neglected.
Keywords: ethics education, moral education, school, teachers, pupils, research, Czech Republic
Aristotle on Motion in Incomplete Animals
Authors: Coren Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractI explain what Aristotle means when, after puzzling about the matter of motion in incomplete animals (those without sight, smell, hearing), he suggests inDe AnimaIII 11.433b31–434a5 that just as incomplete animals are moved indeterminately, desire andphantasiaare present in those animals, but present indeterminately. I argue that self-motion and its directing faculties in incomplete animals differ in degree but not in kind from those of complete animals. I examine how an object of desire differs for an incomplete animal. Using a comparison with Aristotle’s account of recollection, especially in unfavorable circumstances, I describe indeterminate self-motion. Finally, I discuss implications for our understanding of Aristotle’s accounts of the faculties of the soul and incomplete animals.
Inference for the Analysis of Ordinal Data with Spatio-Temporal Models
Authors: Peraza-Garay F. , Márquez-Urbina J. U. , González-Farías G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, we propose a spatio-temporal Markovian-like model for ordinal observations to predict in time the spread of disease in a discrete rectangular grid of plants. This model is constructed from a logistic distribution and some simple assumptions that reflect the conditions present in a series of studies carried out to understand the dissemination of a particular infection in plants. After constructing the model, we establish conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the model parameters. In addition, we show that, under further restrictions based on Partially Ordered Markov Models (POMMs), the MLE of the model is consistent and normally asymptotic. We then employ the MLE’s asymptotic normality to propose methods for testing spatio-temporal and spatial dependencies. The model is estimated from the real data on plants that inspired the model, and we used its results to construct prediction maps to better understand the transmission of plant illness in time and space.
Development and Validation of Processing Maps for Hot Deformation of Modified AISI 321 Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Anoop C. R. , Singh R. K. , Kumar Ravi Ranjan , Miyala Jayalakshmi , Murty S. V. S. Narayana , Tharian K. Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Hot deformation studies and optimization of hot working parameters and corresponding microstructure evolution were explored in a modified AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel. Hot compression tests were carried out in the temperature range of 800°C–1,100°C and five different strain rates (0.001–10 s−1). Processing maps were developed based on the results of hot compression tests, employing the principles of dynamic materials model and various domains of microstructure evolution were identified. The stable and unstable domains, as well as various domains indicating other microstructural reconstitutive mechanisms, including dynamic recrystallization (DRx), were identified with the aid of a processing map. The domain for DRx was confirmed by microstructural analysis of deformed specimens and also from the inflections in hardening curves. The processing regime for microstructural control was identified, and the results were validated by actual forging trials on a 1,000-T hydraulic forging press. The grain size of laboratory-tested hot-compressed samples and industrially forged billets exhibited excellent correlation. Constitutive equation for hot deformation was also developed for the steel based on hot compression test results.
A Model to Study NMDA Receptors in Early Nervous System Development
Authors: Zoodsma Josiah D. , Chan Kelvin , Bhandiwad Ashwin A. , Golann David R. , Liu Guangmei , Syed Shoaib A. , Napoli Amalia J. , Burgess Harold A. , Sirotkin Howard I. , Wollmuth Lonnie P. 
Published: April 2020

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels that play critical roles in neuronal development and nervous system function. Here, we developed a model to study NMDARs in early development in zebrafish, by generating CRISPR-mediated lesions in the NMDAR genes,grin1aandgrin1b, which encode the obligatory GluN1 subunits. While receptors containinggrin1aorgrin1bshow high Ca2+permeability, like their mammalian counterpart,grin1ais expressed earlier and more broadly in development thangrin1b. Bothgrin1a−/−andgrin1b−/−zebrafish are viable. Unlike in rodents, where thegrin1knockout is embryonic lethal,grin1double-mutant fish (grin1a−/−; grin1b−/−), which lack all NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission, survive until ∼10 d dpf (days post fertilization), providing a unique opportunity to explore NMDAR function during development and in generating behaviors. Many behavioral defects in thegrin1double-mutant larvae, including abnormal evoked responses to light and acoustic stimuli, prey-capture deficits, and a failure to habituate to acoustic stimuli, are replicated by short-term treatment with the NMDAR antagonist MK-801, suggesting that they arise from acute effects of compromised NMDAR-mediated transmission. Other defects, however, such as periods of hyperactivity and alterations in place preference, are not phenocopied by MK-801, suggesting a developmental origin. Together, we have developed a unique model to study NMDARs in the developing vertebrate nervous system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRapid communication between cells in the nervous system depends on ion channels that are directly activated by chemical neurotransmitters. One such ligand-gated ion channel, the NMDAR, impacts nearly all forms of nervous system function. It has been challenging, however, to study the prolonged absence of NMDARs in vertebrates, and hence their role in nervous system development, due to experimental limitations. Here, we demonstrate that zebrafish lacking all NMDAR transmission are viable through early development and are capable of a wide range of stereotypic behaviors. As such, this zebrafish model provides a unique opportunity to study the role of NMDAR in the development of the early vertebrate nervous system.
A Teoria do Capital Humano e a noção e empregabilidade: um estudo comparativo.
Authors: Da Fonseca Janilson Gomes , Dos Santos Ferreira Maria Aparecida 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo propõe refletir acerca da teoria do capital humano emergida na década de 70 e cotejá-la com a noção de empregabilidade dos dias atuais. A primeira concebida sob o ideário liberal e a segunda sob o do neoliberalismo, respectivamente. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa e descritiva. Tem como referencial teórico a abordagem sócio crítica da realidade e como fio condutor a dialética. A metodologia utilizada foi revisão bibliográfica em alguns autores pesquisadores da temática. Os resultados alcançados foram que a noção de empregabilidade é a face moderna da teoria do capital humano. Ambas, se apresentam em períodos históricos distintos, porém, com uma mesma ideologia: a educação e a qualificação profissional garantidora de inserção e/ou permanência no mundo do trabalho.
The experience of using the UltraFertile Plus micronutrient complex for correction of idiopathic forms of secretory infertility in men
Authors: Al-Shukri S.Kh. , Borovets S. Yu. , Rybalov M. A. 
Published: April 2020

The study objective is to evaluate the effect of the UltraFertile Plus micronutrient complex on parameters of the ejaculate in men with idiopathic infertility.Materials and methods. The study included 45 men aged between 24 and 48 years (median 31 years) suffering infertility in marriage. All patients took 2 capsules of UltraFertile Plus once a day in the morning at breakfast for 3 months. The patients didn’t receive any other therapy during the study. Hormonal status, spermogram parameters, MAR test, number of sperm with fragmented DNA using flow cytofluorometry with monoclonal antibodies were analyzed prior to treatment and after it.Results. After a course of UltraFertile Plus therapy, significant improvement of spermogram parameters was observed in the majority of patients. Sperm count increased from 43.5 to 62.0 million/ml (p < 0.001), percent of progressive motile sperm (categories А and В) increased from 29.3 to 44.4 % (p <0.001), normal morphology sperm count increased from 3.0 to 4.0 % (p <0.001). Administration of UltraFertile Plus promoted a decrease in the number of sperm with fragmented DNA from 14.7 to 10.1 % (p = 0.001) and was effective for patients with this parameter below 22 %. No significant effect of UltraFertile Plus was observed in MAR test. Plasma total and free testosterone levels significantly increased as a result of administration of UltraFertile Plus.Conclusion. Administration of the UltraFertile Plus micronutrient complex promotes a decrease in sperm DNA fragmentation, an increase in sperm count, percentage of progressive motile sperm and normal morphology sperm, testosterone level.The authors declare no conflict of interest.All patients gave written informed consent to participate in the study.
Pond Becomes a Lake: Challenges for Herders in the Himalayas
Authors: Poudel Jiban Mani 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Climate change is disturbing the existing functional relations between socio-ecological systems in the Himalayan region of Nepal. In this paper, I look at the disturbance posed by climate change to the social and ecological dimensions, referencing the Himalayan herders as eye-witnesses. I focus on two thematic areas, that is, the challenges faced by the mountain herders in the context of climate change and their coping strategies. This paper is a product of nine months of ethnographic study between the years 2012 and 2018 conducted at the Nhāson valley. The herders' stories are “real stories” with insights into the climate variability and fluctuation, which is critically valuable to understand the environmental phenomena at a time when scientific evidence is not enough. In this context, an ethnographic study can contribute in documenting the place-specific and culture-specific stories as the powerful evidence to climate change and how it impacts the grounded social and ecological systems.
Another Climate Change Story: Looking Upstream
Authors: Singer Merrill , Baer Hans A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The applied anthropology of climate change seeks to bring the anthropological lens to the study of and social response to life on a warming planet. Recently, Practicing Anthropology published a special issue on Storying Climate Change! Here, we provide a critique of this set of papers from a political economic perspective based on the assertion that a threat of the magnitude of contemporary climate change warrants a more fully mobilized anthropological response than the local narrative approach called for in the special issue. Specifically, we argue that local stories of climate change experience are knotted together by the reigning global political economic system of capitalism and that this is a story we need to tell to build a sustainable future.
How the Sausage of Science is Made
Authors: Ocobock Cara , Lynn Christopher 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Podcasts are a popular medium for science promotion and relatively easy to execute. As such, we started the Sausage of Science podcast for the Human Biology Association in order to feature early career professionals, highlight the exciting and highly relevant work done in our field, and talk with our friends and colleagues in a more casual manner for the world to hear. This paper describes how the podcast came about as well as our production process. Furthermore, we discuss why this form of science communication and outreach is critical for the field of anthropology and a public engagement road map for others with podcasting aspirations.