bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
185 The Safety and Tolerability of Lumateperone 42 mg for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Pooled Analysis of 3 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials
Authors: Kane John M , Vanover Kimberly E , Durgam Suresh , Davis Robert , Satlin Andrew , Rowe William , Mates Sharon , Tamminga Carol 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Introduction:Lumateperone (ITI-007) is in late-phase clinical development for schizophrenia. Lumateperone has a unique mechanism of action that modulates serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate neurotransmission. This pooled analysis of lumateperone in 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies was conducted to evaluate the safety and tolerability of lumateperone 42mg (ITI-007 60mg).Methods:Data were pooled from the 3 controlled late-phase studies of lumateperone 42mg in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Safety assessments of all patients who received at least one dose of any treatment included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), changes in laboratory parameters, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), and vital signs.Results:The safety population comprised 1,073 patients (placebo [n=412], lumateperone 42mg [n=406], risperidone [n=255]). TEAEs that occurred in the lumateperone 42mg group at a rate of ≥5% and twice placebo were somnolence/sedation (24.1% vs 10.0%) and dry mouth (5.9% vs 2.2%). Rates of discontinuation due to TEAEs with lumateperone 42mg (0.5%) were similar to placebo (0.5%) and lower than risperidone (4.7%). Mean change in weight and rates of EPS-related TEAEs were less for lumateperone 42mg and placebo patients than risperidone patients. Mean change from baseline in metabolic parameters were similar or smaller for lumateperone 42mg vs placebo. Mean changes were notably higher in risperidone patients vs lumateperone 42mg and placebo for glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and prolactin.Conclusion:In this pooled analysis, lumateperone 42mg showed good tolerability with potential benefits over risperidone for metabolic, prolactin, and EPS risks. The only TEAE that occurred in >10% of lumateperone patients was somnolence/sedation, which was impacted by morning administration; in subsequent studies that administered lumateperone in the evening, somnolence/sedation rates were markedly reduced. These results suggest that lumateperone 42mg may be a promising new treatment for schizophrenia.Funding Acknowledgements:Supported by funding from Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc.
Contribution of executive functions to eating behaviours in obesity and eating disorders
Authors: Segura-Serralta Mara , Ciscar Sonia , Blasco Lorena , Oltra-Cucarella Javier , Roncero María , Espert Raúl , Elvira Vicente , Pinedo-Esteban Rosa , Perpiñá Conxa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Patients with eating disorders (ED) or obesity show difficulties in tasks assessing decision-making, set-shifting abilities and central coherence.Aims:The aim of this study was to explore executive functions in eating and weight-related problems, ranging from restricting types of ED to obesity.Method:Two hundred and eighty-eight female participants (75 with obesity; 149 with ED: 76 with restrictive eating, 73 with bingeing-purging symptoms; and 64 healthy controls) were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Iowa Gambling Task, and the Group Embedded Figures Test to assess set-shifting, decision-making and central coherence, respectively.Results:Participants with either obesity or ED performed poorly on tests measuring executive functioning compared with healthy controls, even after controlling for age and intelligence. Both participants with obesity and participants with ED showed a preference for global information processing.Conclusions:The findings suggest that treatments for obesity and ED would benefit from addressing difficulties in cognitive functioning, in addition to the more evident clinical symptoms related to eating, body weight and shape.
Conceptualising equity in the impact evaluation of chronic disease management programmes: a capabilities approach
Authors: Tapager Ina , Hansen Kristian Schultz , Vrangbæk Karsten 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChronic diseases are highly important for the future level and distribution of health and well-being in western societies. Consequently, it seems pertinent to assess not only efficiency of chronic care but also its impact on health equity. However, operationalisation of health equity has proven a challenging task. Challenges include identifying a relevant and measurable evaluative space. Various schools of thought in health economics have identified different outcomes of interest for equity assessment, with capabilities as a proposed alternative to more conventional economic conceptualisations. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the conceptualisation of health equity evaluation in the context of chronic disease management. We do this by firstly introducing an equity enquiry framework incorporating the capabilities approach. Secondly, we demonstrate the application and relevance of this framework through a content analysis of equity-related principles and aims in national chronic disease management guidelines and the national diabetes action plan in Denmark. Finally, we discuss how conceptualisations of equity focused on capabilities may be used in evaluation by scoping relevant operationalisations. A promising way forward in the context of chronic care evaluation may emerge from a combination of concepts of capabilities developed in economics, health sciences and psychology.
Improvisation and Value in Rock, 1966
Authors: BRACKETT DAVID 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe mid-1960s has figured as a central period in the historiography of popular music, but the role of improvisation has been little discussed. This article argues that issues of improvisation and value are crucial to understanding the emergence of a high-low split within popular music, a division that figures prominently in criticism and fan discourse up to the present day. This new stratification within popular music made it possible for rock to acquire critical prestige relative to other popular music genres. The formation of rock also relied on its association with a primarily white, male, middle-class demographic. This article demonstrates that rock's prestige rests simultaneously on maintaining this narrow demographic profile while locating aesthetic and spiritual value in musical practices coming from elsewhere (in terms of geography, race, or cultural hierarchy): blues, Indian classical music, jazz. The socio-musical transformation in which improvisation played such an important role is explored through a survey of recordings and an analysis of the development of rock criticism in 1966, the year in which a new constellation of aesthetics, politics, and musical style crystallized.
The tissue-specific aspect of genome-wide DNA methylation in newborn and placental tissues: implications for epigenetic epidemiologic studies
Authors: Herzog Emilie M. , Eggink Alex J. , Willemsen Sten P. , Slieker Roderick C. , Felix Janine F. , Stubbs Andrew P. , van der Spek Peter J. , van Meurs Joyce B. J. , Heijmans Bastiaan T. , Steegers-Theunissen Régine P. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpigenetic programming is essential for lineage differentiation, embryogenesis and placentation in early pregnancy. In epigenetic association studies, DNA methylation is often examined in DNA derived from white blood cells, although its validity to other tissues of interest remains questionable. Therefore, we investigated the tissue specificity of epigenome-wide DNA methylation in newborn and placental tissues. Umbilical cord white blood cells (UC-WBC, n = 25), umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UC-MNC, n = 10), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC, n = 25) and placental tissue (n = 25) were obtained from 36 uncomplicated pregnancies. Genome-wide DNA methylation was measured by the Illumina HumanMethylation450K BeadChip. Using UC-WBC as a reference tissue, we identified 3595 HUVEC tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (tDMRs) and 11,938 placental tDMRs. Functional enrichment analysis showed that HUVEC and placental tDMRs were involved in embryogenesis, vascular development and regulation of gene expression. No tDMRs were identified in UC-MNC. In conclusion, the extensive amount of genome-wide HUVEC and placental tDMRs underlines the relevance of tissue-specific approaches in future epigenetic association studies, or the use of validated representative tissues for a certain disease of interest, if available. To this purpose, we herewith provide a relevant dataset of paired, tissue-specific, genome-wide methylation measurements in newborn tissues.
Weed control and soybean injury from preplant vs. preemergence herbicide applications
Authors: Priess Grant L. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Roberts Trenton L. , Gbur Edward E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPalmer amaranth is one of the most troublesome weeds of soybean in the United States. To effectively control this weed it is necessary to optimize timing of PRE residual herbicides to mitigate Palmer amaranth emergence. Field studies were conducted in 5 site-years to assess the effect of application timing 12 to 16 d prior to planting (preplant) and at planting (PRE) on soybean injury and longevity of Palmer amaranth control using five residual herbicide treatments. A reduction in longevity of Palmer amaranth control was observed whenS-metolachlor + metribuzin and flumioxazin + chlorimuron-ethyl were applied preplant vs. PRE in 2 of the 5 site years. Sulfentrazone, sulfentrazone + cloransulam-methyl, and saflufenacil + dimethenamid-P + pyroxasulfone + metribuzin did not reduce longevity of Palmer amaranth control when applied preplant vs. PRE in all 5 site-years. Visible estimates of soybean injury were lower at 21 d after planting when herbicides were applied 12 to 16 d preplant vs. PRE. These findings suggest that preplant applications can be used to reduce the potential for crop injury and may not result in reduced longevity of control when herbicides with a prolonged residual activity are used. Preplant herbicides increase the likelihood of the residuals being activated prior to subsequent weed emergence as opposed to PRE herbicides applied at soybean planting.
Tracer Exchange Across the Stratified Inner‐Shelf Driven by Transient Rip‐Currents and Diurnal Surface Heat Fluxes
Authors: Grimes D. J. , Feddersen F. , Kumar N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExchange across the surf‐zone and inner‐shelf affects coastal water quality and larval recruitment. Surf‐zone generated transient rip‐currents (TRC) exchange shoreline released tracers onto and across a stratified inner‐shelf. Surface heat fluxes (SHF) modify inner‐shelf stratification and surf‐zone temperature, relative to the inner‐shelf, inducing nearshore thermally driven exchange. The coupled effect of TRC and diurnal SHF forcing on cross‐shore exchange is evaluated using idealized model surf‐zone tracer releases with TRC‐only, SHF‐only, and combined SHF+TRC forcing. For conditions representing Fall in Southern California, the TRC mechanism dominates cross‐shore exchange, relative to SHF, to 12LSZ offshore (LSZ  = 100 m is the surf‐zone width). Tracer and velocity derived estimates of exchange velocity indicate that the TRC cross–inner‐shelf exchange mechanism is due to an alongshore mean baroclinic flow setup by TRC vertical mixing of inner‐shelf stratification.
Evaluation of an Improved Convective Triggering Function: Observational Evidence and SCM Tests
Authors: Wang Yi‐Chi , Xie Shaocheng , Tang Shuaiqi , Lin Wuyin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study provides a strong observational support for a recently developed convective triggering function that uses the large‐scale dynamic convective available potential energy (dCAPE) as a constraint combined with an unrestricted air parcel launch level (ULL) to relax the unrealistic strong coupling of convection to surface heating and capture nocturnal elevated convection. Both case study and statistical analysis are conducted using the observations collected from the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program at its Southern Great Plains and Manaus (MAO) sites. They show that dCAPE has a much stronger correlation with precipitation than convective available potential energy, and ULL is essential to detect elevated convection above boundary layer under both midlatitude and tropical conditions and for both afternoon and nighttime deep convection regimes. Sensitivity tests with the single‐column model (SCM) of the Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model indicate that the role of dCAPE in suppressing daytime convection is more effective for tropical convection than midlatitude convection. Even though the dCAPE can suppress the overestimated convection, ULL plays a much bigger role in improving the diurnal cycle of precipitation than dCAPE. It not only helps capture nocturnal elevated convection but also significantly removes the spurious morning precipitation seen in the default model, due to the release of unstable energy at night. However, the use of ULL has led to an overestimation of light‐to‐moderate precipitation (1–10 mm/day) due to more convection being triggered above boundary layer.
In Situ Synchrotron X‐Ray Microtomography Observations of Fracture Network Evolution of Coal Due to Waterflooding
Authors: Zhang Guanglei , Ranjith P. G. , Li Dongyin , Wanniarachchi W. A. M. , Zhang Beining 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWater adsorption on coal plays a significant role in the process of CO2 sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery. Direct evidence of how coal adsorbs water and swells, affecting permeability, is still limited. Here, we studied the impact of waterflooding on fracture networks in coal by means of in situ synchrotron X‐ray microtomography combined with permeability measurements. We demonstrated that swelling‐induced fracture closure was responsible for an order of magnitude permeability reduction after waterflooding for over 4 days. Permeability loss was found to be time dependent, following a logistic function, and about 80% permeability reduction happened in the first 24 hr. There were probably three driven forces for water uptake, including hydrodynamic forces in fractures and macropores, capillary forces in micropores, and diffusion from micropores into deeper coal matrix. Swelling of coal matrix narrowed down and even closed the fractures and as a result weakened fracture connectivity. Residual fractures were mainly mineral‐supported fractures, which have strong resistance to swelling‐induced stresses.
Equatorial Deep Jets and Their Influence on the Mean Equatorial Circulation in an Idealized Ocean Model Forced by Intraseasonal Momentum Flux Convergence
Authors: Bastin Swantje , Claus Martin , Brandt Peter , Greatbatch Richard J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEquatorial deep jets (EDJ) are vertically stacked, downward propagating zonal currents that alternate in direction with depth. In the tropical Atlantic, they have been shown to influence both surface conditions and tracer variability. Despite their importance, the EDJ are absent in most ocean models. Here we show that EDJ can be generated in an idealized ocean model when the model is driven only by the convergence of the meridional flux of intraseasonal zonal momentum diagnosed from a companion model run driven by steady wind forcing, corroborating the recent theory that intraseasonal momentum flux convergence maintains the EDJ. Additionally, the EDJ in our model nonlinearly generate mean zonal currents at intermediate depths that show similarities in structure to the observed circulation in the deep equatorial Atlantic, indicating their importance for simulating the tropical ocean mean state.
On the Effectiveness of LID Infrastructures for the Attenuation of Urban Flooding at the Catchment Scale
Authors: Fiori A. , Volpi E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe efficacy of low‐impact development (LID) toward the attenuation of urban flood at the catchment scale is still an unsolved question. This work aims at providing insight into the effectiveness of LID at the catchment scale by a simple hydrological modeling approach that allows for an analytical solution. The paper focuses on LID design, investigating the peak discharge at the catchment outlet as a function of the return period of the rainfall event under unaltered and retrofitted conditions. The model captures the most important effects of LID on flood, that is, the temporal shift and attenuation of water discharge and the decrease of water volume conveyed by the drainage network due to increased hydrological losses. It is found that LID is likely more effective in reducing peak discharge at the local scale, while the effectiveness decreases with increasing catchment size. For some configurations, for example, when retrofit is performed in downstream areas, closer to the outlet, LID may even worsen the flood risk. The effectiveness of LID depends on the combination of several factors, including the fractional area covered by the LID infrastructures, their distribution within the catchment, and their hydraulic properties, as compared with the general hydraulic features of the catchment (network dispersion, detention, lag time, etc.). As a consequence, the LID design should be carried out considering all the relevant scales of the problem, from the local one, at which the LID infrastructure is implemented, to the catchment scale, and the discharge at the outlet in particular, in a comprehensive perspective.
Splicing factor proline- and glutamine-rich (SFPQ) protein regulates platinum response in ovarian cancer-modulating SRSF2 activity
Authors: Pellarin Ilenia , Dall’Acqua Alessandra , Gambelli Alice , Pellizzari Ilenia , D’Andrea Sara , Sonego Maura , Lorenzon Ilaria , Schiappacassi Monica , Belletti Barbara , Baldassarre Gustavo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), response to platinum (PT)-based chemotherapy dictates subsequent treatments and predicts patients’ prognosis. Alternative splicing is often deregulated in human cancers and can be altered by chemotherapy. Whether and how changes in alternative splicing regulation could impact on the response of EOC to PT-based chemotherapy is still not clarified. We identified the splicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFPQ) as a critical mediator of response to PT in an unbiased functional genomic screening in EOC cells and, using a large cohort of primary and recurrent EOC samples, we observed that it is frequently overexpressed in recurrent PT-treated samples and that its overexpression correlates with PT resistance. At mechanistic level, we show that, under PT treatment, SFPQ, in complex with p54nrb, binds and regulates the activity of the splicing factor SRSF2. SFPQ/p54nrb complex decreases SRSF2 binding to caspase-9 RNA, favoring the expression of its alternative spliced antiapoptotic form. As a consequence, SFPQ/p54nrb protects cells from PT-induced death, eventually contributing to chemoresistance. Overall, our work unveils a previously unreported SFPQ/p54nrb/SRSF2 pathway that in EOC cells plays a central role in regulating alternative splicing and PT-induced apoptosis and that could result in the design of new possible ways of intervention to overcome PT resistance.
Genetic trajectory and immune microenvironment of lung-specific oligometastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Ottaiano Alessandro , Circelli Luisa , Lombardi Angela , Scala Stefania , Martucci Nicola , Galon Jerome , Buonanno Manuela , Scognamiglio Giosuè , Botti Gerardo , Hermitte Fabienne , Savarese Giovanni , D’Amore Luigi , Tatangelo Fabiana , Di Mauro Annabella , Liguori Giuseppina , Trotta Anna Maria , Napolitano Maria , Capozzi Monica , Tafuto Salvatore , Perri Francesco , La Rocca Antonello , Caraglia Michele , Nasti Guglielmo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenetics and immunologic dynamics pushing the evolution of colorectal cancer (CRC) from the primary tumor to the metastases are largely unknown; cancer heterogeneity makes challenging both therapy and mechanistic studies. We selected patients developing CRC with lung-limited metastatic disease as only illness during their life in order to find any relevant genotype–phenotype relationship. Analysis of 523 cancer-relevant genes and of immune cells infiltration in primary and metastatic tissues revealed atypical genomic trajectories (TMB decrease, KRAS and SMAD4 regressive mutations), specific genetic events (ERBB2 point mutations) and scarce T-cell infiltration. These insights provide novel information in oligometastatic CRC biology and new perspectives for cancer monitoring and anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.
Power laws in pressure-induced structural change of glasses
Authors: Zhang Huijun , Qiao Kaiyao , Han Yilong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany glasses exhibit fractional power law (FPL) between the mean atomic volume va and the first diffraction peak position q1, i.e. $$v_{\mathrm{a}} \propto q_1^{ - d}$$

v

a

∝

q

1

−
d

with d ≃ 2.5 deviating from the space dimension D = 3, under compression or composition change. What structural change causes such FPL and whether the FPL and d are universal remain controversial. Here our simulations show that the FPL holds in both two- and three-dimensional glasses under compression when the particle interaction has two length scales which can induce nonuniform local deformations. The exponent d is not universal, but varies linearly with the deformable part of soft particles. In particular, we reveal an unexpected crossover regime with d > D from crystal behavior (d = D) to glass behavior (d < D). The results are explained by two types of bond deformation. We further discover FPLs in real space from the radial distribution functions, which correspond to the FPLs in reciprocal space.
Marine resource abundance drove pre-agricultural population increase in Stone Age Scandinavia
Authors: Lewis J. P. , Ryves D. B. , Rasmussen P. , Olsen J. , van der Sluis L. G. , Reimer P. J. , Knudsen K.-.L. , McGowan S. , Anderson N. J. , Juggins S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHow climate and ecology affect key cultural transformations remains debated in the context of long-term socio-cultural development because of spatially and temporally disjunct climate and archaeological records. The introduction of agriculture triggered a major population increase across Europe. However, in Southern Scandinavia it was preceded by ~500 years of sustained population growth. Here we show that this growth was driven by long-term enhanced marine production conditioned by the Holocene Thermal Maximum, a time of elevated temperature, sea level and salinity across coastal waters. We identify two periods of increased marine production across trophic levels (P1 7600–7100 and P2 6400–5900 cal. yr BP) that coincide with markedly increased mollusc collection and accumulation of shell middens, indicating greater marine resource availability. Between ~7600–5900 BP, intense exploitation of a warmer, more productive marine environment by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers drove cultural development, including maritime technological innovation, and from ca. 6400–5900 BP, underpinned a ~four-fold human population growth.