bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a Process Change on Prevalence of Prescribed Unmeasurable Liquid Doses in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Zahn Stephanie O. , Tobison Jennifer H. , Place Amanda J. , Casey Jamalyn N. , Hess Liz , Foster Todd 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVESMost prescribing through the electronic health record (EHR) in the NICU at St. Vincent Women's Hospital use a weight-based dosing calculator. Prescribers receive no alert if the resulting volume is unmeasurable. Study definition of measurable was a dose volume with a visible hash mark on an appropriately sized oral syringe. The primary objective was to compare the rate of unmeasurable oral liquid doses prescribed at discharge before and after implementation of educational process changes. Secondary objectives assessed patient and discharge medication characteristics in relation to the unmeasurable doses prescribed.METHODSThis study was a 2-phase retrospective analysis of patients discharged from the NICU between January 1 and June 30, 2016 (phase I), and between October 1, 2017, and March 31, 2018 (phase II). Patients were included in the analysis if they were discharged on at least 1 oral liquid medication, excluding vitamins. Demographic and discharge medication information was collected.RESULTSThere were 58 patients discharged on a total of 118 oral liquid medications in phase I and 63 patients discharged on a total of 111 oral liquid medications in phase II. Following implementation of the process change, the percentage of unmeasurable discharge prescriptions decreased from 27 (23%) to 5 (4.5%) (p &lt; 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThe educational process change implemented in the NICU effectively reduced the rate of unmeasurable doses prescribed at discharge from 1 in 4 to 1 in 25. Additional system-level changes may result in further reductions.
School burnout and sleep in Finnish secondary school students
Authors: Lehto Juhani E. , Kortesoja Laura , Partonen Timo 
Published: February 2020

Introduction Studies have shown that poor sleep is related to burnout, but research to date has not yet explored sleep-related factors in relation to school burnout.
Methods A total of 555 students, aged 15 to 20 years, participated in this study. The participants reported their diurnal patterns, sleep quality, tiredness, and school burnout in printed questionnaires. Using logistic regression analysis, the study examined how sleep-related factors explained school burnout.
Results School burnout was related to daytime sleepiness, tiredness and poor sleep quality. Neither time in bed, social jet lag nor diurnal preferences could explain school burnout.
Conclusion The results contribute to the growing evidence showing the importance of sleep for well-being.
Las referencias a Paléfato en la Grande e General Estoria, de Alfonso X el Sabio, dentro de la tradición mitográfica
Authors: Alganza Roldán Minerva 
Published: February 2020

Este artículo analiza las referencias al Περὶ ἀπίστων de Paléfato, procedentes de los Chronici canones de Eusebio y Jerónimo, en la General Estoria de Alfonso X. Tras la presentación de estas obras, en el comentario de cada episodio se abordan las particularidades de las distintas versiones encuadrándolas en la tradición mitográfica antigua y medieval, así como, en su caso, la adaptación a nuevos contextos históricos e ideológicos. El estudio concluye con algunas notas sobre la recepción de Paléfato por parte de Eusebio y en el scriptorium del rey Sabio.
This paper analyzes the references to Palaephatus’ Περὶ ἀπίστων, from the Chronici canones by Eusebius and Jerome, in the General Estoria of Alfonso X. After the presentation of these works, in the commentary of each episode the particularities of different versions, their relationships within ancient and medieval mythographical tradition, and, where appropiate, adaptation to new historical and ideological contexts are discussed. The study concludes with some notes on the reception of Palaephatus by Eusebius and in the scriptorium of the Wise King.
Resenhas
Authors: Zanotelli Claudio 
Published: February 2020

Resenhas dos livros: Commun. La révolution au XXI siècle. Ensaio de Pierre Dardot e Christian Laval. Editora La Découverte, Paris, 2014, 593 p., A diversidade da Geografia brasileira. Escalas e dimensões da análise e da ação. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Consequência, 2016, 543 p.
Ethics of technology and design ethics in socio-technical systems
Authors: Fiore Eleonora 
Published: February 2020

This paper addresses many of the issues deriving from both design activity itself and the introduction of technology into everyday life. Relevant authors like Papanek (1984), Thackara (2005) and Manzini (2006) warned about the risks of design activity, as well as the consequences of bringing products to the world. Papanek defined design as the second most harmful profession one can practice, while Thackara claims that design is the cause of many troubling situations in our world (Mink, 2016). Manzini advocates the imminent need for a paradigm shift towards both a more sustainable design and way of living. In , Papanek pointed out that designers have a social and moral responsibility for the consequences of their innovations (Mink, 2016). For this reason, first we cannot ignore the advice, but also, we genuinely believe that designers should include ethical principles in their education. This paper seeks to address design ethics focusing on socio-technical systems and the new challenges introduced by both the Internet of things and artificial intelligence. The methodological framework combines the developed in human computer interaction () and computer ethics with a methodology based on need, requirements and performances developed in architecture. This approach is applied to the development of connected appliances, to conduct our reflections on an applied case study. Some guidelines are drawn at the end of this paper to guide designers in achieving a greater understanding of the ethical implications involved in the design process, establishing the responsibilities and limits of the designer.
Nigerian Genres of Music could be a Therapeutic Stratagem against Alcohol-induced Hippocampal Damage in Experimental Models: Evidences from Neurobehavioural, Oxidative Markers, Histochemical and Pyramidal Cell Evaluations
Authors: Ajeleti A. O. , G. Akunna G. , Olabiyi O. , Balogun O. , H. Ayoade O. , O. Adewale V. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Memory is a cognitive function essential to everyday life. Alcohol causes damage to the hippocampus. Music (especially Mozart music) has been reported to enhance memory function.
Aim: This study investigated the possible role of different genres of Nigerian music (Afro-Hiphop and Fuji) on alcohol-induced hippocampal toxicity.
Methodology: Thirty-six (36) Adult Wistar rats (105 g-160 g) were randomly distributed into 6 groups. Group A were administered 5 ml/kg b.wt. of distilled water everyday for 28 days. Group B rats were administered 5 ml/kg b.wt. of alcohol (20%) for 2 weeks. However for the first 2 weeks, the rats in Groups C and D were administered 5 ml/kg b.wt. of alcohol (20%) and the rats in Groups E and F were exposed to Nigerian Fuji and hip hop music at 75dB-83dB respectively for 4 hours daily. For the last 2 weeks, the rats in C and D were exposed to Nigerian hip hop and fuji music respectively 75dB-83dB, for 4 hours daily and the rats in Group E and F were administered 5 ml/kg b.wt of alcohol.
Results: Higher memory capacity, oxidative status and normal histo-architecture of the hippocampus in group A rats were recorded. However, Group B rats showed a non-significant (p≥0.05) increase in body weight, higher and lower memory capacity as shown by Morris water maze test and Y-Maze respectively, significant decrease (p≤0.05) in oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GSH) and a significant (p≤0.05) increase in MDA and Acetylcholinesterase, structural distortion and neuronal degeneration as evident by a significant (p≤0.05) decrease in number of pyramidal cells when compared to the rats in groups A, C-F. The rats in group C-F had changes in their memory capacity at the 14th and 28th day.
Conclusion: Music (AfroHip-Hop and Fuji) improved the histo-architecture of alcohol-distorted hippocampus in rats. However they do not have a definite effect on spatial memory.
Determinants of Disparity between Antenatal Bookings and Institutional Deliveries in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Kasso Terhemen , Chibianotu Ojimah , Ogu Rosemary 
Published: February 2020

Aim: To determine the reasons why women deliver outside institutions where they register for antenatal care.
Study Design: Qualitative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Antenatal clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in February 2018.
Methodology: A qualitative study using in-depth interviews (IDIs) was conducted in Port Harcourt, Nigeria to collect information on various reasons why women do not deliver where they received antenatal care (ANC) or with skilled birth attendants (SBAs). This was done using structured interview guides. Specifically, we asked 30 pregnant women to elucidate the circumstances that lead women to deliver in places other than where they had received antenatal care, and recommendations to enhance the number of women delivering with skilled birth attendants. All in-depth interviews were audio-taped, transcribed and content-analyzed.
Results: Thirty IDIs were carried out. The women were all pregnant; aged 20 to 43 years old with mean age of 32.9 ± 5.5 years. The broad themes that emerged from their responses: Cost/financial reasons relating to inability to afford the cost of care in the hospitals, personal reasons such as fear of Caesarean section, and hospital-related reasons such as health workers’ strike action.
Conclusion: Evidence from our study indicates that pregnant women’s non-use of skilled birth attendants during childbirth even when they received antenatal care in the hospital is mainly due to financial, personal and hospital-related reasons. These factors are modifiable and should be targeted to increase delivery with skilled attendants, a key strategy for the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity.
Characterization of Faecal Sludge from Pit Latrines to Guide Management Solutions in Cape Coast, Ghana
Authors: Awere Eric , Appiah Obeng Peter , Asirifua Obeng Panin , Bonoli Alessandra 
Published: February 2020

This study characterised faecal sludge from public ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines in Cape Coast to assess their potential impact on the environment and to guide the selection of appropriate management solutions. The paper also estimates the amount of beneficial resources wasted due to the lack of a faecal sludge (FS) treatment facility. The study employed a quantitative design involving laboratory analysis of FS sampled from 13 purposively sampled VIP latrines in Cape Coast, Ghana. Sampling activities were carried out in January and February (dry season) and September and October (wet season) of 2015. Samples of unhardened pit latrine sludge were collected from all 13 pit latrines for quality assessment. Physicochemical parameters (moisture content, COD, BOD5, total solids and total volatile solids) of homogenous samples from the surface, middle and bottom of pit contents were analysed following standard procedures. Apart from total solids, all other parameters decreased with the depth of sampling and the differences were statistically significant (p<.01). Seasonal variation in faecal sludge characteristics was not significant except for BOD5. A high COD: BOD5 (3.8-4.5:1) shows faecal sludge that is characterised by slowly degradable organic matter. Even though the FS at the bottom of the pits was found to be the most stabilized, its characteristic parameters indicate that discharging it into the environment without any further treatment would pose a significant threat to public health. The characteristics suggest that co-composting would be the most appropriate option for treating the FS and also underscore the fact that the VIP latrine technology is not suitable for use as a public toilet.
Proximity Effect in Crystalline Framework Materials: Stacking‐Induced Functionality in MOFs and COFs
Authors: Kuc Agnieszka , Springer Maximilian A. , Batra Kamal , Juarez‐Mosqueda Rosalba , Wöll Christof , Heine Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) consist of molecular building blocks being stitched together by strong bonds. They are well known for their porosity, large surface area, and related properties. The electronic properties of most MOFs and COFs are the superposition of those of their constituting building blocks. If crystalline, however, solid‐state phenomena can be observed, such as electrical conductivity, substantial dispersion of electronic bands, broadened absorption bands, formation of excimer states, mobile charge carriers, and indirect band gaps. These effects emerge often by the proximity effect caused by van der Waals interactions between stacked aromatic building blocks. Herein, it is shown how functionality is imposed by this proximity effect, that is, by stacking aromatic molecules in such a way that extraordinary properties emerge in MOFs and COFs. After discussing the proximity effect in graphene‐related materials, its importance for layered COFs and MOFs is shown. For MOFs with well‐defined structure, the stacks of aromatic building blocks can be controlled via varying MOF topology, lattice constant, and by attaching steric control units. Finally, an overview of theoretical methods to predict and analyze these effects is given, before the layer‐by‐layer growth technique for well‐ordered surface‐mounted MOFs is summarized.
Polymorphic Spin, Charge, and Lattice Waves in Vanadium Ditelluride
Authors: Won Dongyeun , Kiem Do Hoon , Cho Hwanbeom , Kim Dohyun , Kim Younghak , Jeong Min Yong , Seo Changwon , Kim Jeongyong , Park Je‐Geun , Han Myung Joon , Yang Heejun , Cho Suyeon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLattice distortion, spin interaction, and dimensional crossover in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have led to intriguing quantum phases such as charge density waves (CDWs) and 2D magnetism. However, the combined effect of many factors in TMDs, such as spin–orbit, electron–phonon, and electron–electron interactions, stabilizes a single quantum phase at a given temperature and pressure, which restricts original device operations with various quantum phases. Here, nontrivial polymorphic quantum states, CDW phases, are reported in vanadium ditelluride (VTe2) at room temperature, which is unique among various CDW systems; the doping concentration determines the formation of either of the two CDW phases in VTe2 at ambient conditions. The two CDW polymorphs show different antiferromagnetic spin orderings in which the vanadium atoms create two different stripe‐patterned spin waves. First‐principles calculations demonstrate that the magnetic ordering is critically coupled with the corresponding CDW in VTe2, which suggests a rich phase diagram with polymorphic spin, charge, and lattice waves all coexisting in a solid for new conceptual quantum state‐switching device applications.
Resonant Tunneling Spectroscopy to Probe the Giant Stark Effect in Atomically Thin Materials
Authors: Zheng Shoujun , Jo Sanghyun , Kang Kyungrok , Sun Linfeng , Zhao Mali , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Moon Pilkyung , Myoung Nojoon , Yang Heejun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEach atomic layer in van der Waals heterostructures possesses a distinct electronic band structure that can be manipulated for unique device operations. In the precise device architecture, the subtle but critical band splits by the giant Stark effect between atomic layers, varied by the momentum of electrons and external electric fields in device operation, has not yet been demonstrated or applied to design original devices with the full potential of atomically thin materials. Here, resonant tunneling spectroscopy based on the negligible quantum capacitance of 2D semiconductors in resonant tunneling transistors is reported. The bandgaps and sub‐band structures of various channel materials could be demonstrated by the new conceptual spectroscopy at the device scale without debatable quasiparticle effects. Moreover, the band splits by the giant Stark effect in the channel materials could be probed, overcoming the limitations of conventional optical, photoemission, and tunneling spectroscopy. The resonant tunneling spectroscopy reveals essential and practical information for novel device applications.
Tunable Structural Color Patterns Based on the Visible‐Light‐Responsive Dynamic Diselenide Metathesis
Authors: Liu Cheng , Fan Zhiyuan , Tan Yizheng , Fan Fuqiang , Xu Huaping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStructural color materials with reversible stimuli‐responsiveness to external environment have been widely used in sensors, encryption, display, and other fields. Compared with other stimuli, visible light is highly controllable both temporally and spatially with less damage to materials, which is more suitable for structural color patterning. Herein, a new diselenide‐containing shape memory material is prepared and used for creating patterns via visible light stimulus. In this system, the structural color originates from birefringence of stretched materials, whose shapes can be fixed while maintaining the mechanical stress. The fixed stress can be released by diselenide metathesis under visible light irradiation. By regulating the wavelength or irradiation time with a commercial projector, the pattern with tunable structural colors is realized and the structural color pattern can be erased and rewritten arbitrarily. During the patterning process, the optical signal is first stored as mechanical signal and then transformed back to optical signal. It is a new method for preparing visible‐light‐responsive structural color material and has great potential in display devices, anticounterfeiting labels, and data storage.
Highly Elastic and >200% Reversibly Stretchable Down‐Conversion White Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Quantum Dot Gel Emitters
Authors: Le Thanh‐Hai , Choi Yunseok , Kim Semin , Lee Unhan , Heo Eunseo , Lee Haney , Chae Subin , Im Won Bin , Yoon Hyeonseok 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCombining the characteristics of different materials offers exciting new opportunities for advanced applications in various fields. Herein, white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) with >200% reversible stretchability are fabricated using six‐color quantum dots (QDs) gel emitters. Stable aqueous‐phase alloy core/shell QDs with high quantum yield are obtained via ligand exchange using a ternary solvent system. Transparent and highly stretchable gels with large pores are created by binary‐solvent‐based gelation at low temperatures. Importantly, the QDs and the gel originate from the same two solvents, which make the QDs highly compatible with the gelation process. Consequently, QDs of six different colors are incorporated into the gel without any property degradation. The excellent optical properties of the QDs in the liquid phase (e.g., 17% higher photoluminescence (PL) intensity) are retained in the gel phase. The QD gel (QDG) exhibits elastic deformation up to 200%, with uniform PL over the entire gel. A down‐conversion WLED built using the QDG emitter produces cool white light with a color temperature of 6100 K, a color rendering index of 94, and a luminous efficacy of 72 lm W−1. In addition, the performance of the QDG‐based WLED remains unchanged even after more than 1000 bending/stretching cycles.
Electrochemical Sulfonylation of Alkynes with Sulfonyl Hydrazides: A Metal‐ and Oxidant‐Free Protocol for the Synthesis of Alkynyl Sulfones
Authors: Mo Zu‐Yu , Zhang Yu‐Zhen , Huang Guo‐Bao , Wang Xin‐Yu , Pan Ying‐Ming , Tang Hai‐Tao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHerein, an electrochemical oxidative cross‐coupling reaction between terminal alkynes and sulfonylhydrazides has been developed. Tetrabutylammonium iodide is used as the electrolyte and redox medium. The significant advantages of this method are high atom efficiency, functional group tolerance, and transition metal‐ and oxidant‐free conditions. Most of the compounds exhibit good inhibitory activity on tumor cell lines, and one of the compounds can inhibit cell migration and induce apoptosis in HeLa cells.magnified image
CRISPR/Cas Systems in Genome Editing: Methodologies and Tools for sgRNA Design, Off‐Target Evaluation, and Strategies to Mitigate Off‐Target Effects
Authors: Manghwar Hakim , Li Bo , Ding Xiao , Hussain Amjad , Lindsey Keith , Zhang Xianlong , Jin Shuangxia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLife sciences have been revolutionized by genome editing (GE) tools, including zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator‐Like effector nucleases, and CRISPR (clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR‐associated) systems, which make the targeted modification of genomic DNA of all organisms possible. CRISPR/Cas systems are being widely used because of their accuracy, efficiency, and cost‐effectiveness. Various classes of CRISPR/Cas systems have been developed, but their extensive use may be hindered by off‐target effects. Efforts are being made to reduce the off‐target effects of CRISPR/Cas9 by generating various CRISPR/Cas systems with high fidelity and accuracy. Several approaches have been applied to detect and evaluate the off‐target effects. Here, the current GE tools, the off‐target effects generated by GE technology, types of off‐target effects, mechanisms of off‐target effects, major concerns, and outcomes of off‐target effects in plants and animals are summarized. The methods to detect off‐target effects, tools for single‐guide RNA (sgRNA) design, evaluation and prediction of off‐target effects, and strategies to increase the on‐target efficiency and mitigate the off‐target impact on intended genome‐editing outcomes are summarized.
Liquid‐State Optoelectronics Using Liquid Metal
Authors: Kozaki Takashi , Saito Satoshi , Otsuki Yota , Matsuda Ryosuke , Isoda Yutaka , Endo Takuma , Nakamura Fumika , Araki Takuto , Furukawa Taichi , Maruo Shoji , Watanabe Masayoshi , Ueno Kazuhide , Ota Hiroki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiquid‐state electronics utilizing functional liquids confined in soft templates as the sensing and actuating component present the ideal platform for enabling conformal coverage of electronic systems on curved and soft surfaces. However, to date, optoelectronic devices based on functional liquid materials as represented by photodetectors and optical memories still have not been proposed; this advancement is crucial to scaling up current liquid‐state devices to a system level. Optoelectronic devices based on liquid metal and photo‐switchable ionic liquid with liquid–liquid heterojunction technology are proposed. The sensing and memory schemes presented are generic for different liquid‐state devices and that enables different functionality to be added to the liquid‐state electronics. As a proof of concept, demonstrations are made of a light sensor composed of the ionic liquid and an optical memory using a composite of the ionic liquid and polypropylene glycol. These devices are important advancements toward the realization of liquid‐state electronic systems.