bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating gender in the anthropology of infectious diseases
Authors: Vlassoff Carol , Manderson Lenore 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe paper focuses on key issues in research and control of infectious diseases and demonstrates the utility of combining a gender perspective with anthropological investigation both for understanding disease and for designing and evaluating interventions for its control. Based on a definition of gender as opposed to sex, it illustrates, with the help of a gender framework for tropical diseases, how this concept is applied. It argues that gender‐sensitive research is essential to the understanding of the nature of the disease, its prevalence, distribution, determinants and consequences. Examples are taken from anthropological studies on infectious diseases, including research on urinary schistosomiasis, malaria, leprosy, leishmaniasis and onchocerciasis. How gender‐sensitive qualitative research can guide the design and evaluation of appropriate interventions for the prevention and control of infectious diseases is also discussed.
Belonging through sport participation for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A scoping review
Authors: Zhao Winnie Mai , Thirumal Kirtana , Renwick Rebecca , DuBois Denise 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests that sport facilitates belonging for diverse athletes. This scoping review characterizes literature on sport participation and belonging for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.Materials and MethodsA search of five databases identified 17,497 articles. Selected articles (N = 39) underwent data extraction and analysis guided by a theoretical framework of belonging, outlining four processes through which belonging is experienced by individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.ResultsArticles originated from developed countries and in the context of Special Olympics (N = 17). Studies commonly used qualitative interviews with proxy respondents. While all studies described at least one belonging process, only 11 studies applied the term “belonging,” and no study defined the construct.ConclusionBelonging is not well‐conceptualized in sports literature for athletes with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Understanding belonging through sport participation for this population may inform sport‐based policies and programming.
Epigenetic alternations of microRNAs and DNA methylation contribute to gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhu Weiqiang , Shen Yupei , Liu Junwei , Fei Xiaoping , Zhang Zhaofeng , Li Min , Chen Xiaohong , Xu Jianhua , Zhu Qianxi , Zhou Weijin , Zhang Meihua , Liu Shangqing , Du Jing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to identify epigenetic alternations of microRNAs and DNA methylation for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis and treatment using in silico approach. Data of mRNA and miRNA expression microarray (GSE103552andGSE104297) and DNA methylation data set (GSE106099) were obtained from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were obtained bylimmapackage. Functional and enrichment analyses were performed with the DAVID database. The protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING and visualized in Cytoscape. Simultaneously, a connectivity map (CMap) analysis was performed to screen potential therapeutic agents for GDM. In GDM, 184 low miRNA‐targeting up‐regulated genes and 234 high miRNA‐targeting down‐regulated genes as well as 364 hypomethylation–high‐expressed genes and 541 hypermethylation–low‐expressed genes were obtained. They were mainly enriched in terms of axon guidance, purine metabolism, focal adhesion and proteasome, respectively. In addition, 115 genes (67 up‐regulated and 48 down‐regulated) were regulated by both aberrant alternations of miRNAs and DNA methylation. Ten chemicals were identified as putative therapeutic agents for GDM and four hub genes (IGF1R, ATG7, DICER1 and RANBP2) were found in PPI and may be associated with GDM. Overall, this study identified a series of differentially expressed genes that are associated with epigenetic alternations of miRNA and DNA methylation in GDM. Ten chemicals and four hub genes may be further explored as potential drugs and targets for GDM diagnosis and treatment, respectively.
Veteran Perspectives on Care Coordination Between Veterans Affairs and Community Providers: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Miller Christopher J. , Shin Marlena , Pugatch Marianne , Kim Bo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate veteran perspectives on challenges in care coordination between US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) clinics and community providers in rural areas.MethodsWe completed qualitative interviews with a geographically diverse sample of 51 veterans who had used both VA and community health care services. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. We used directed content analysis (informed by previous work with VA and community staff) to elucidate findings, while remaining attentive to emergent themes.ResultsWe report results in 5 key domains related to interorganizational care coordination: organizational mechanisms, organizational culture, relational practices, contextual factors, and the role of the Third‐Party Administrators responsible for scheduling and payment for community services. Veterans described successes and challenges in interorganizational coordination across these domains, while also reporting a variety of workarounds and mitigation strategies.ConclusionsVeterans living in rural areas face myriad challenges when using health care services both within and outside of VA. In the absence of strong mechanisms for ensuring coordination and communication between health care providers at different institutions, veterans themselves may carry the primary burden for coordinating their care. Our results suggest the utility of both structural and relational approaches to enhancing interorganizational care coordination in these settings.
Assessing the factors driving the changes in the spatio‐temporal distribution of Hepatus pudibundus (Decapoda, Brachyura) over a 20‐year interval in a region under the influence of El Niño (ENSO)
Authors: Teles Jeniffer Natalia , Mantelatto Fernando Luis , Castilho Antonio Leão , Fransozo Adilson , Bertini Giovana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the spatio‐temporal distribution of demographic groups of Hepatus pudibundus in the Ubatuba Bay, São Paulo, Brazil, over a 20‐year interval. Two 1‐year samplings were conducted: the 1st period (P1) ran from September 1995 to August 1996 and the 2nd period (P2) ran from September 2016 to August 2017. Samples were taken from five stations that differed in depth (5, 10, and 15 m) and location (exposed area and sheltered area), aboard a shrimp fishing boat. Over the 20‐year period, the percentage of fine sediment increased in all stations. In total, we captured 865 H. pudibundus individuals in the P1 and 4,222 in the P2. The higher abundance seen in the P2 may have been caused by the effects of an intense ENSO event in Ubatuba, as well as co‐occurring protective actions against fisheries activities in the region. The spatial distribution also changed after 20 years: In the P1, H. pudibundus were more concentrated in the 15 m station and exposed area, but they shifted to the sheltered area in the P2. This change may be related to the increase of fine sediments in this area, and to the fact that it is naturally protected from fisheries. According to the correspondence analysis, the abundance of males and juveniles was correlated with spring and winter, respectively. In the P1, females were more abundant in spring, whereas in the P2 they were more abundant in summer, which may be explained by a higher nutrient availability to the larvae in the summer of the P2. Our comparisons over the 20‐year interval revealed that the spatio‐temporal distribution of H. pudibundus has changed and that the population is well established in Ubatuba Bay.
Oral shedding of CMV and HSV‐1 in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients
Authors: Costa Andre L. F. , Santos Bruna A. , Torregrossa Vinicius R. , Miranda Eliana C. M. , Vigorito Afonso C. , Palmieri Michelle , Ricardo Ana L. F. , Sarmento Dmitry J. S. , Mamana Ana C. , Tozetto‐Mendoza Tania R. , Correa M. Elvira P. , Braz‐Silva Paulo H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the oral shedding of herpesviruses in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and correlate it with oral mucositis (OM).MethodsSaliva samples were collected before the HSCT and on day D + 8. Multiplex Polymerse Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1 and HSV‐2, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Variella‐zoster virus (VZV), and human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6, HHV‐7, and HHV‐8. OM was assessed according to WHO criteria.ResultsThirty one patients were enrolled, in which 20 of 31 (64.5%) were males; median age was 50 (21–70) years; 16 of 31 (51.6%) underwent allo‐HSCT; and 15 of 31 (48.4%) underwent auto‐HSCT. On D + 8, OM grades III and IV were observed in 8 of 31 (25.8%) patients. In the first salivary collection, EBV was found in 24 of 31 (77.4%), followed by HHV‐6 (7/31, 22.6%) and HHV‐7 (8/31 25.8%). In the second collection, EBV was found in 24 of 27(89%), followed by HSV‐1 (8/27, 30%) and CMV, HHV‐6, and HHV‐7 (5/27, 18.5%, each one). On D + 8, OM grades II and IV were associated with the presence of HSV‐1. HSV‐1 was also associated with worsening degrees of OM on D + 15.ConclusionThe presence of HSV‐1 and CMV in oral samples was more frequent on day D + 8 after HSCT. HSV‐1 detection was associated with severity and worsening of OM. HSV‐1 and CMV seem to be associated with oral dysbiosis due to HSCT.
Presidential Travel and the Rose Garden Strategy: A Case Study of Ronald Reagan's 1984 Tour of Europe
Authors: Thomson Sarah Margaret Grace 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe “Rose Garden strategy” has traditionally been understood to refer to presidential activity within Washington, DC, where incumbents drape themselves in the grandeur and symbolism associated with the office of the presidency in an attempt to bolster their public image. This article argues that our understanding of the Rose Garden strategy should be conceptualized more broadly to encompass activities beyond Washington, DC. It does so by examining the role of overseas presidential travel in incumbents' reelection strategies, taking Ronald Reagan's 1984 European tour as a case study. Reconceptualizing our understanding of the Rose Garden strategy offers us a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between the president, the public, and the press by demonstrating the benefits and limitations of positive press coverage in relation to public opinion of the president.
Quantification and Comparison of Risks Associated with Wastewater Use in Spray Irrigation
Authors: Mori Jameson , Uprety Sital , Mao Yuqing , Koloutsou‐Vakakis Sotiria , Nguyen Thanh H , Smith Rebecca L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the U.S., spray irrigation is the most common method used in agriculture and supplementing with animal wastewater has the potential to reduce water demands. However, this could expose individuals to respiratory pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila and nontuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM). Disinfection with methods like anaerobic digestion is an option but can increase concentrations of cytotoxic ammonia (personal communication). Our study aimed to model the annual risks of infection from these bacterial pathogens and the air concentrations of ammonia and determine if anaerobically digesting this wastewater is a safe option. Air dispersion modeling, conducted in AERMOD, generated air concentrations of water during the irrigation season (May–September) for the years 2013–2018. These values fed into the quantitative microbial risk assessments for the bacteria and allowed calculation of ammonia air concentrations. The outputs of these models were compared to the safety thresholds of 10−4 infections/year and 0.5 mg/m3, respectively, to determine their potential for negative health outcomes. It was determined that infection from NTM was not a concern for individuals near active spray irrigators, but that infection with L. pneumophila could be a concern, with a maximum predicted annual risk of infection of 3.5 × 10−3 infections/year and 25.2% of parameter combinations exceeding the established threshold. Ammonia posed a minor risk, with 1.5% of parameter combinations surpassing the risk threshold of 0.5 mg/m3. These findings suggest that animal wastewater should be anaerobically digested prior to use in irrigation to remove harmful pathogens.
The relationship between habitual physical activity and skin mechanical properties
Authors: Nakagawa Noriaki , Shimizu Norio , Sugawara Tomoko , Sakai Shingo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is important for body health. A few reports suggested that PA also influenced skin structure and components. Little data are available on the influence of PA on skin mechanical properties (SMP). Here, we investigated the relationship between PA and SMP.MethodsTwenty‐five healthy Japanese female subjects (31.0 ± 3.3 years) were enrolled in the study. To monitor the 24‐hr pulse rate, a wrist watch‐type pulse monitor was used. PA intensity was divided into five PA intensity zones (max, anaerobic, aerobic, fat combustion, and warm‐up) by the pulse monitor. The average values of the time spent on each intensity for 70 days were calculated. To measure SMP, a Cutometer was used at the end of the monitoring. R0 indicated the height of the maximal skin deformation, and R6 was the ratio between viscoelastic and elastic deformation.ResultsR0 was positively correlated with the time spent in four of the five PA intensity zones (max, anaerobic, aerobic, and fat combustion), whereas R6 was negatively correlated with the time spent in these four PA intensity zones. The time of warm‐up did not correlate with SMP.ConclusionThese results suggest that habitual moderate‐to‐vigorous PA influences SMP.
Extended storage of thawed platelets: Refrigeration supports postthaw quality for 10 days
Authors: Johnson Lacey , Vekariya Shuchna , Tan Shereen , Padula Matthew P. , Marks Denese C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCryopreservation of platelets with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at −80°C increases their shelf life from days to years. Once thawed, platelets are stored at room temperature (RT), and the shelf life is limited to 4‐6 hours. However, refrigeration (cold storage) may facilitate a prolongation of the shelf life of thawed platelets.Study Design and MethodsABO‐matched buffy coat–derived platelets (30% plasma/70% SSP+) were cryopreserved at −80°C in 5%‐6% DMSO. Paired cryopreserved platelet components were thawed, resuspended in 30% plasma/70% SSP+, and then stored at either 20°C‐24°C with agitation (RT) or at 2°C‐6°C (cold). In vitro platelet quality was assessed over 10 days of postthaw storage.ResultsDuring postthaw storage, the platelet concentration of RT‐stored components decreased significantly more than components in cold storage (Day 10 RT 58 ± 10 × 109/unit vs Day 10 cold 142 ± 16 × 109/unit; P < .0001). Cold storage reduced the metabolic rate of thawed platelets. During storage, the surface glycoprotein ([GP] Ibα, GPVI, GPIIb, GPIIIa) and activation marker (P‐selectin and phosphatidylserine) profile of cold platelets was closer to freshly thawed platelets (Day 0) than those stored at RT. Thromboelastography (reaction time) demonstrated that the procoagulant nature of cryopreserved platelets was preserved during 10 days of cold storage, while RT‐stored thawed platelets displayed a gradual prolongation of the time taken to initiate clot formation.ConclusionCold storage of thawed platelets preserves the platelet phenotype and function for up to 10 days, compared to thawed platelets stored at RT. Thus, cold storage of thawed platelets may represent a simple approach to extend the postthaw shelf life.
A retrospective evaluation of complications associated with forkless tibial tuberosity advancement performed in primary care practice
Authors: Matchwick Alexandra I. M. , Bridges Janis P. , Scrimgeour Andrew B. , Worth Andrew J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report postoperative complications associated with forkless tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) performed in primary care veterinary practice and to compare results with previous publications.Study designRetrospective study.Sample populationThree hundred seventy‐four forkless TTAs in 329 dogs performed by six nonspecialist veterinarians.MethodsMedical records of dogs treated with a standard forkless TTA (2013‐2016) and with at least 12 months of postoperative follow‐up were reviewed. Complications recorded by the referring practice or the operating veterinarian were classified as minor (medically treated) or major (surgically treated).ResultsComplications occurred in 57 of 374 (15.2%) TTAs; 28 (7.5%) complications were major, and 29 (7.7%) complications were minor. Postliminary meniscal injuries were documented in 12 of 374 (3.2%) TTAs (12/57 major complications) and were more common when the ratio of cage size to bodyweight was ≤0.25 (P = .019). Mean TTA (cage size) was greater in this population than what has been previously reported for a lower median bodyweight.ConclusionThe incidence of major complications was low and within the range previously reported for TTA in referral practice after adjusting for study design. The magnitude of advancement was greater, and the incidence of postliminary meniscal injury was lower than what has been previously reported, after accounting for dogs that had a preliminary meniscal injury or medial meniscal release.Clinical significanceForkless TTA may be successfully performed by experienced veterinarians in primary care practice with a low rate of complications. The incidence of postliminary meniscal injury may be reduced by a greater degree of advancement of the tibial tuberosity.
Pesantren-Based Counseling in Changing The Behaviour of The Community of Former Bajingan Being Personal Characterless "Pelopor"
Authors: Arifin Samsul 
Published: October 2020

The kiai (muslim scholars of Islamic knowlegde disciplines in Indonesia) and the bajingan (bandit, local strongmen, and gangsters) have a positive relationship. Even kiai able to utilize their potential for the common good. Kiai can change the behavior of the former bajingan being personally "Pelopor", which is characterized as a leader in preaching and build civilization together with the surrounding communities. The focus of this paper: the quality rather than the personality of the counselor, procedures, and stages in counseling, and behavior that characterized the former bajingan "Pelopor". The study used a qualitative-ethnographic approach. Data derived from the documents and field notes. The results of this study are to construct at-tawazun (balance), according to the characteristics of the Islamic boarding school. On the quality of personality counselor balance between quality shalahiyyah (scientific prowess and skills) with shalih integrity (strength of character). On delivering a message, the balance between targhib (reinforcement) and tarhib (punishment). In the former bajingan behavior change, the balance between ritual piety and social piety
Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Leakage Flow Characteristics of Helical-Labyrinth-Brush Seals
Authors: Zhang Yuanqiao , Li Jun , Ma Dengqian , He Yuan , Ji Jingjin , Sun Bo , Li Zhigang , Yan Xin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The helical-labyrinth seal (HLS) can reduce rub between labyrinth teeth and rotor during the rotor vibration because the helical teeth on the stator and steps (or teeth) on the rotor are staggered in some positions. The helical-labyrinth seal with the bristle pack named as the helical-labyrinth-brush seal (HLBS) has excellent sealing performance, but the study on the leakage flow characteristics of the HLBS is not available. This paper, using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis technology based on a porous medium model, investigates the leakage flow characteristics of two types of HLBSs (bristle pack installed upstream or downstream of helical-labyrinth tooth named as HLBS-U and HLBS-D, respectively) at various pressure ratios (1–1.3) and rotational speeds (0–10,000 r/min, surface speeds range from 0 to 209 m/s). The radial clearance cb between the rotor and the bristle pack ranges from 0 mm to 1.0 mm, and the radial clearance ct between the labyrinth teeth and the steps on the rotor is 1.6 mm. In parallel, the leakage flow characteristics of the HLBS-D with the constant cb of 1.0 mm are experimentally measured at the pressure ratio up to 1.3 and rotational speed up to 2000 r/min (surface speed 42 m/s). The CFD-derived leakage flow rate (represented as effective clearance) and static cavity pressure agree well with the experimental data in the whole range of test conditions. The shaft rotation eliminates the leakage hysteresis effect of the HLBS-D. Compared with the HLBS-D, the effective clearance of HLBS-U is less sensitive to rotational speed changes. The effective clearance of the HLBS-U is smaller than that of the HLBS-D in the case of cb = 0.5 mm and rotational speed n &lt; 10,000 r/min, and the case of cb = 1.0 mm. However, for the case of cb = 0.5 mm and n = 10,000 r/min, and the case of cb ≤ 0.1 mm, the situation is opposite. The brush seal sections of the HLBS-U and the HLBS-D offer over 55% and 65% total static pressure drop in the case of cb = 1.0 mm, respectively. The brush seal sections of two HLBSs bear almost the same static pressure drop of the over 97% total static pressure drop as cb equals to 0.1 mm. What is more, the HLBS-U has lower turbulent kinetic energy upstream of the bristle pack than the HLBS-D does, which means that the intensity of the bristles flutter of the HLBS-U is lower.
Induction Annealing of Austenitic Spring Steels for Nuclear Reactors
Authors: Hajek Jiri , Rot David , Cubrova Jana , Jirinec Jakub 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper describes designing and experimental trials of an induction annealing method for AISI 321H austenitic steel wires. Specifically, it explores the feasibility of incorporating an existing frequency controller into a wire drawing line to provide induction heating of the wire stock to annealing temperatures. In-process annealing is necessary to make cold wire drawing possible by restoring the ductility of the wire stock. The reason is that the wire products are required to have strengths in excess of 1600 MPa in some cases. Hence, the only way to meet this requirement is to apply severe deformation combined with sufficiently effective polygonization.
Model Predictive Displacement Control Tuning of Tap Water Driven Muscle With Adaptive Model Matching: Numerical Study
Authors: Ito Kazuhisa , Inada Ryo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The tap water driven McKibben muscle possesses several merits of the water hydraulic system, including high flexibility, low weight, and high power density. These aspects enable the application of this muscle system to mechanical systems that require high cleanliness. However, the muscle shows strong asymmetric hysteresis characteristics depending on the applied load, which blocks its effective application. This study presents an appropriate modelling of the hysteresis characteristics of the muscle using an asymmetric Bouc-Wen model along with a control strategy, based on the model predictive control with servomechanism (MPCS). Subsequently, an inverse optimisation is proposed by applying an adaptive model matching to make the compensated system match the prespecified predictor to reduce the time-consuming routine for obtaining proper weight matrices in the evaluation function of the model predictive control. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed approach works well, and easier controller tuning can be achieved.