bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory changes during adaptation to stress induced by movement restriction in rabbits
Authors: Villalba-Caloca Jaime , Arreola-Ramírez José Luis , Alquicira-Mireles Jesús , Vargas Mario H. , Carbajal-Salinas Verónica , Segura-Medina Patricia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Confinement inside a restricted space causing movement restriction is a stressful condition, potentially leading to spontaneous changes of respiratory parameters that are expected to return to normal values as the stress subsides. Barometric plethysmography is a non-invasive method to study surrogates of pulmonary mechanics in conscious animals enclosed into a plexiglass chamber. This chamber greatly restricts the animal movements but does not cause its immobilization. Methods Respiratory parameters from six rabbits were recorded during 90 min/day for 5 days while the animal was confined inside a plethysmographic chamber. Modifications of respiratory parameters were evaluated by dividing the total length of the recording in three 30-min periods. Results During the 90-min recording, enhanced pause (Penh, a lung resistance surrogate) showed a decreasing trend, coinciding with a decline of the mid-expiratory flow (an airway obstruction surrogate), and time of braking (an end-inspiratory glottis closure surrogate). Respiratory frequency increased from 346 to 363 breaths/min, coinciding with a progressive decline of tidal volume and minute ventilation. Because rabbit responses to stressful situations are predominantly parasympathetic in nature, an increased parasympathetic tone during the first minutes of confinement might explain the initially augmented lung, airways and glottis resistances, and these, in turn, could be responsible for the low initial respiratory frequency. Subsequent changes of these variables probably reflect progressively lower level of stress due to adaptation to the new environment. This pattern did not change in the 5 days studied. Conclusions We concluded that respiratory parameters in rabbits display subtle changes during the first 90 min of movement restriction, probably driven by an initially augmented parasympathetic tone due to stress, with subsequent normalization as stress diminished due to adaptation to the new environment.
Micromorphology analysis and compare bond strength of two adhesives to different degrees of dental fluorosis
Authors: Liu Shuangfeng , Zhu Yanxia , Gegen Tana 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of two adhesives on the bond strength of different degrees of dental fluorosis (DF). Methods: Teeth which were indicated for extractions for orthodontic or periodontal problems were selected. 180 extracted teeth were selected with varying degrees of DF based on modified Dean's fluorosis index, including 60 teeth with mild fluorosis, 60 teeth with moderate fluorosis, and 60 teeth with severe fluorosis. The teeth in each group were randomly divided into 2 subgroups (n=30) that were subjected to the all-etching bonding system (Prime & Bond NT) and self-etching bonding system (SE-Bond). Each group of adhesives was used to bond Z350 universal resin (3M) to the etched dental enamel. Tensile and shear testing were used to determine the bond strength. After the tensile testing, the fractured specimens were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscope. (LSCM). Results: The Prime & Bond NT had statistically significant on tensile and shear strength for mild fluorosis enamel (P<0.05), but it had no significant difference for moderate and severe dental fluorosis (P>0.05). Self-etching bonding system (SE-Bond) had no statistical significance on the tensile and shear strength for mild, moderate and severe dental fluorosis (P>0.05). SEM and LSCM showed that the mild fluorosis enamel crystals were relatively dense and a small amount of resin remained. The moderate fluorosis enamel crystals were loosely arranged and the gaps were widened. The severe fluorosis enamel crystals were irregularly arranged. The disorder was aggravated, and the dentinal orifice exposed by partial enamel exfoliation can be seen. Conclusions: The bonding strength of mild fluorosis enamel to Prime & Bond NT was better than that of SE-Bond . And there is no difference in the bonding strength of SE-Bond to different degrees of DF.
Training leads to improved performance of Health Unit Management Committees in south western Uganda manuscript
Authors: Kyomuhangi Teddy , Manalili Kimberly , Kabakyenga Jerome , Maling Samuel , Muganga George , Brenner Jennifer Lynn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: A quality health workforce is critical for the development of health systems and effective delivery of health services. In southwestern Uganda, Health Unit Management Committees (HUMCs) are central to the delivery of health care. They also play a key role in facilitating links between health centres and the community, as they comprised of community members. While these teams took part in planning and management training between 2012-2015, no analysis had been done with regards to the outcomes of these training. This study sought, therefore, to determine whether HUMC members saw increased performance outcomes as a result of their training. Methods: The study followed a cross sectional evaluation design and adopted qualitative methods, including Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and In-Depth Interviews with health unit In-charges (managers), district health team members and project intervention staff. Evaluation was conducted in July 2016 in Bushenyi district in southwestern Uganda. Evaluation was completed in all levels of health care centers and in both urban and rural settings. Data was collected by members of the research team in both Runyankole and English, and translated into English. Results: Findings revealed that HUMCs reported to be more capable of handling issues at the facility as a result of knowledge and skills acquired during trainings. HUMCs identified several key learning themes, including: conflict resolution, strengthened relationships between members and increased community engagement. The training also resulted in several initiatives for increased health care outcomes, including saving schemes for emergency transportation of referrals, construction of placenta pit and canteen, and beautification projects. Overall there were positive feelings towards the training and its relevance for HUMCs’ job performance. Discussion: In examining the results of the study, conclusions can be drawn that training for HUMCs, which had been the first of their kind in this area, increased performance outcomes in health centers. This aligns with similar research, which identified management training for health care management teams as an important factor for improving the delivery of health services.
Molecular Characteristics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients attending Healthcare Facilities in Mthatha, South Africa
Authors: Hosu Mojisola C. , Vasaikar Sandeep D. , Okuthe Grace E. , apalata teke 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen causing healthcare-associated infections most especially in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. This pathogen poses a public health threat due to its innate resistance to many antimicrobial agents and its ability to acquire new resistance mechanisms under pressure. Infections with Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)‑producing isolates result into outbreaks that lead to serious antibiotic management concerns with higher mortality and morbidity and significant economic causatives. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial resistance patterns and characterized genetically the ESBLs and Metallo- β-lactamases (MBL) produced by this pathogen. Methods: Isolates of P. aeruginosa cultured from patients who attended Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital and other clinics in the four district municipalities of the Eastern Cape between August 2017 and May 2019 were identified; and their antibiotic resistance patterns were tested against amikacin, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, doripenem, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam and tobramycin using the bioMérieux VITEK® 2 and confirmed by Beckman autoSCAN-4 System. Real-time PCR was done using Roche Light Cycler 2.0 to detect the presence of ESBLs; blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes; and MBLs; blaIMP, blaVIM. Results: High antibiotic resistance in decreasing order was observed in piperacillin (64.2%), aztreonam (57.8%), cefepime (51.5%), ceftazidime (51.0%), piperacillin/tazobactam (50.5%), and imipenem (46.6%). A total of 75 (36.8%) multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were observed of the total pool of isolates. The blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M was detected in 79.3%, 69.5% and 31.7% isolates (n=82), respectively. The blaIMP was detected in 1.25% while no blaVIM was detected in any of the isolates tested. Conclusions: The study showed a high rate of MDR P. aeruginosa in our setting. The vast majority of these resistant isolates carried blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and strict compliance towards infection prevention and control practices are the best defence against spread of MDR P. aeruginosa.
Efficacy of Indirect Decompression in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis with Stand-alone Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion
Authors: Liu Chen , Zhao Quanlai , Zhang Yu , Xiao Liang , Ge Xin , Xu Hongguang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) has been gained more and more attention in the treatment of degenerative lumbar disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of indirect decompression in lumbar spinal stenosis with stand-alone OLIF. Methods Sixty-three patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent stand-alone OLIF between July 2017 and May 2018 our department were included. Clinical outcomes including visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were recorded. Radiographic outcomes comprising of disc height (DH), foraminal height (FH) and lumbar lordosis (LL) were measured. Intraoperative data and complications were collected. All the data were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Results Eighty-two segments were fused in sixty-three patients using stand-alone OLIF. The average follow-up time was 21.9±3.5 months (range from 16 to 28 months). The DH increased from 0.9±0.3 cm preoperatively to 1.3±0.2 cm postoperatively, and the final follow-up was 1.1±0.2 cm (P < 0.01). The FH increased from 1.7±0.3 cm before surgery to 2.3±0.3 cm after surgery, but decreased to 2.1±0.3 cm at final follow-up (P < 0.01). The LL increased from 38.0°±15.6° before surgery to 42.7°±13.0° at the final follow-up (p<0.01). The VAS and ODI scores of all patients significantly improved at the final follow-up (p<0.01). The total complication rate was 30.2%. Only three patients received revision of posterior decompression and pedicle screw fixation. Conclusions Stand-alone OLIF is an effective option in selected patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.
Improving the energy conversion efficiency of a laser-driven flyer by an in-situ fabricated nano-absorption layer
Authors: Wang Liang , Yan Yichao , Ji Xiangbo , Zhang Wanli , Jiang Hongchuan , Qin Wenzhi , Wang Yao , Tang Duo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Three kinds of Al flyer plates with different nanostructured absorption layers were in-situ prepared by a direct laser writing technology to improve the energy conversion efficiency in a laser-driven flyer assembly. Microstructures, light absorption, flyer velocity in the acceleration chamber were investigated. The reflectance for the flyers at 1064 nm wavelength can be reduced from about 80% to 9.6% by the nanostructured absorption layer. The terminal velocity of a 50 μm thick Al flyer irradiated by a 60mJ laser pulse is 831 m/s, while the velocity of the flyer with an in-situ fabricated nano-absorption layer reaches up to 1113 m/s at the same condition. Resultantly, the energy conversion efficiency of the flyer with nanostructure absorption layer can reach as high as 1.99 times that of the Al flyer. Therefore, the nanostructured absorption layer in-situ prepared on the surface of a flyer provides a new method to significantly improve the energy conversion efficiency of a laser-driven flyer.
Correlates of mental health in occupations at risk for traumatization: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Schäfer Sarah K. , Sopp Marie Roxanne , Staginnus Marlene , Lass-Hennemann Johanna , Michael Tanja 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Hospitals, police stations, and fire departments are highly demanding work places. Staff members are regularly exposed to various stressors including traumatic events. Correspondingly, several studies report high rates of mental health issues among these occupations. Nevertheless, despite these challenging circumstances, some staff members manage to sustain their mental health. The current study is the first to investigate correlates of mental health among three different highly demanding occupations. Methods The present cross-sectional survey investigated health-benefitting factors (sense of coherence – SOC, trait resilience, locus of control – LOC) and psychopathological symptoms (general mental health problems, posttraumatic stress, burnout) in medical staff ( n = 223), police officers ( n = 257), and firefighters ( n = 100). Results Among all occupations, SOC, trait resilience, and an internal LOC were negatively associated with general mental health problems, posttraumatic stress, and burnout symptoms. By contrast, all these outcome measures were positively correlated with an external LOC. Multiple regression models including all health-benefitting factors as predictors explained 56% of the variance in general mental health problems and 27% in posttraumatic stress symptoms. Among all occupations, SOC was the strongest predictor of both general mental health problems and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Multigroup path analyses revealed minor differences across occupations, mainly driven by a stronger influence of LOC in police officers. Conclusion Across all occupations, SOC was identified as the most important health-benefitting factor. Future longitudinal studies should further examine the causal link between health-benefitting factors and mental distress in different work places. Such studies will also allow for further development and evaluation of resilience promoting programs.
Prevalence and factors associated with severe depressive symptoms in older West African people living with HIV: the West Africa IeDEA collaboration
Authors: Bernard Charlotte , Font Hélène , Diallo Zélica , Ahonon Richard , Tine Judicaël Malick , Abouo Franklin N'guessan , Tanon Aristophane , Messou Eugène , Seydi Moussa , Dabis François , de Rekeneire Nathalie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background To encourage successful aging, the psychological domain must not be neglected. As depression, one of the most common psychiatric disorders in PLHIV, has negative impact on both mental and physical health, the prevalence and the factors associated with the presence of severe depressive symptoms in older PLHIV living in West Africa need to be well understood. Methods Data from PLHIV aged ≥50 years old and on ART since ≥6 months were collected in three clinics (two in Côte d’Ivoire, one in Senegal) participating to the West Africa International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) collaboration. The severity of the depressive symptoms was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and associated factors were identified using logistic regression. Results The median age of the 334 PLHIV included in the study was 56.7 (53.5-61.1) years old, 57.8% were female and 87.1% had an undetectable viral load. The prevalence of severe depressive symptoms was 17.9% [95% Confidence Interval: 13.8 - 22.0]. PLHIV with severe depressive symptoms were more likely to have no professional activity, and to be current or former tobacco smokers but were less likely to be overweight or obese. Conclusions The prevalence of severe depressive symptoms is high among older PLHIV living in West Africa. How to integrate the measurement and the management of depressive symptoms in the standard of care should be investigated, both for older PLHIV on ART but also for newly diagnosed older patients, in order to achieve the 90-90-90 objectives.
Decoding and Reasoning Mental States in Major Depression and Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Maleki Gheysar , Zabihzadeh Abbas , Richman Mara J. , Demetrovics Zsolt , Mohammadnejad Fatemeh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Major depression (MDD) and social anxiety (SAD) disorders are debilitating psychiatric conditions characterized by disturbed interpersonal relationships. Despite these impairments in social interaction, little research has simultaneously evaluated the dysfunction in two aspects of theory of mind (ToM) in these disorders: Affective ToM or decoding mental states and cognitive ToM or reasoning mental states. Taking this into consideration, the current study attempts to compare both decoding and reasoning abilities in MDD, SAD, and healthy controls (HC). Methods: Subjects were 37 patients with MDD, 35 patients with SAD, and 35 HCs. ToM was measured with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and the Faux Pas Task, which assessed decoding skills and reasoning mental states, respectively. Results: Results showed that in decoding mental states, both the SAD and MDD groups achieved lower scores than HC group; moreover, there was no significant difference between SAD and MDD groups in decoding mental states. However, in reasoning mental states, SAD and HC groups had higher scores than the MDD group and no differences observed between SAD and HC groups in reasoning ability. Conclusions: Results of this study are discussed on generalized impairment in ToM or dysfunction in both decoding and reasoning mental states in MDD and only reasoning dysfunction in SAD.
Transcriptome analysis of heat stress and drought stress in pearl millet based on Pacbio full-length transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Sun Min , Zhang Ailing , Huang Dejun , Khan Imran , Yan Haidong , Wang Xiaoshan , Zhang Xinquan , Zhang Jian , Huang Linkai 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Heat and drought are the serious threats to crop growth and development. As the sixth cereal crop in the world, pearl millet can be used not only for food and forage but also as bioenergy. Pearl millet has high tolerance under heat and drought. Given this, it is considered as an ideal crop for plant stress tolerance studying and can be used to excavate heat-resistant genes. Results: In this study, we used Pacbio sequencing data as a reference sequence to analyze the Illumina data of pearl millet for 48 hours under heat and drought stress. By taking an overview of previous studies, we found 26,299 new genes and 63,090 new transcripts, and the number of gene annotations increased by 20.18%. We identified 2,792 transcription factors (TFs) and 1,223 transcriptional regulators (TRs). There were 318 TFs and 149 TRs differentially expressed under heat stress, and 315 TFs and 128 TRs were differentially expressed under drought stress. By RNA sequencing, we identified 6,920 genes and 6,484 genes differentially expressed under heat stress and drought stress, respectively. Comparing DEGs under heat tolerance with DEGs under drought stress, we found that even in the same pathway, pearl millet would choose a different protein response. Conclusions: This information will provide new insights to study pearl millet at molecular and genetic level to understand the mechanisms involved in drought and heat stress tolerance.
Integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profiling analyses of Pinus massoniana roots and shoots in response to phosphate deficiency
Authors: Fan Fuhua , Shang Xianwen , Ding Guijie , Zhou Zijing , Tan Jianhui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Masson pine ( Pinus massoniana ) is primarily present in subtropical and tropical areas of China, which are severely deficient in inorganic phosphate (Pi). Although some studies identified transcriptomic and proteomic responses to Pi deficiency in Masson pine seedlings, different tissues, especially the roots, that exhibit primary responses to low-Pi stress, have not been well studied. To shed further light on the complex responses of Masson pine to Pi deficiency, a spatiotemporal experiment was performed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs under Pi-deficient conditions. Results Spatiotemporal analyses of 72 RNA sequencing libraries provided a comprehensive overview of the dynamic responses of Masson pine to low-Pi stress. Differentially expressed gene analysis revealed several high-affinity phosphate transporters and nitrate transporters, reflecting the crosstalk between nitrate and Pi homeostasis in plants. The MYB family was the most abundant transcription factor family identified. miRNA differential expression analysis identified several families that were associated with Pi deficiency, such as miR399. In addition, some other families, including novel miRNA families in Masson pine, were dramatically changed in response to Pi starvation. GO and KEGG analyses of these mRNAs and targets of miRNAs indicated that metabolic processes were most enriched under Pi deficiency. Conclusions This study provided abundant spatiotemporal transcriptomic information to functionally dissect the response of Masson pine seedlings to Pi deficiency, which will aid in further elucidation of the biological regulatory mechanisms of pines in response to low-Pi stress.
Assessing Accuracy and Precision of 3D Augmented Reality Holographic models derived from DICOM data
Authors: Uribe Jesus , Vu Lan , Laguna Benjamin , Courtier Jesse 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective: Assess accuracy and precision of measurements on 3D Augmented reality (AR) models derived from CT DICOM data, and compare AR model measurements with PACS measurements. Materials/Methods: 5 individual 3D hologram models were produced using a CT phantom with fiducial markers set at varying distances. DICOM files were translated into 3D AR models using open source software. AR models were adapted for display on the Microsoft HoloLens using a novel application. AR models were projected and distances between the projected fiducial markers were measured. Finally, 5 measurements each were obtained of the holographic projected distances between fiducials in the x1, y1, and z1 labeled planes respectively for precision assessment. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare measured distances on AGFA-PACS, AR models, and actual measured distances on phantom models. Results: No significant difference was found between gold standard measurements and either PACS measurements (p=0.9124) or AR measurements (p=0.8966). AR model measurements had a standard error of 0.24mm, 0.24mm, and 0.38mm in the x,y, and z planes respectively. Furthermore, measurements on AR models demonstrated a high degree of accuracy in comparison to gold standard measurements. Conclusion: Current AR technology is can produce reliable 3D AR models from CT DICOM data