bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Aggressive Pituitary Tumors – A 2019 Update
Authors: Petersenn Stephan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith a prevalence of 80–100/100000, pituitary adenomas are more frequent than thought. The rare aggressive pituitary adenoma presents a special challenge, due to the heterogenous presentation of the disease. The prognosis of aggressive pituitary adenomas has been improved due to recent studies demonstrating some efficacy of chemotherapy with temozolomide. However, there is very limited data on second-line therapies in patients with treatment failure. This review presents an update on the diagnostic and therapeutic management of aggressive pituitary tumors. Patients should be treated by a team consisting of an expert endocrinologist, neurosurgeon, radiation oncologist, and pathologist, and according to the recently published ESE guideline.
Adherence to Teriparatide Treatment and Risk of Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Qing , Guo Man , Ma Xiumei , Pu Yueli , Long Yang , Xu Yong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo conduct a retrospective systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the fracture risk among adherence versus non-adherence patients to treatment for osteoporosis. Cohort studies involving adherence to specifically Teriparatide treatment and the risk of fracture, published from inception to June 10 2019, were identified through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Scopus database of Systematic Reviews. Five eligible cohort studies were included for analysis. Overall, adherence, compared with nonadherence, had a significant 28% reduction in the risk of all fractures, an 49% reduction in the risk of hip fracture and an 26% reduction in the risk of non-vertebral fracture. Subgroup analyses showed that treatment compliant North American patients had a lower incidence of fracture than treatment compliant Asian patients. The effect size associated with adherence showed no difference with non-adherence when the analysis was limited to a small sample size (<10 000 patients). The findings of this retrospective review indicate that high compliance of Teriparatide treatment result in a decreased risk of fracture, particularly in North American treatment adherence, compared with Asian treatment adherence. Improvement of treatment adherence in patients with osteoporosis should be considered through various means in clinical practice.
Circadian Biology and Its Importance to Intensive Care Unit Care and Outcomes
Authors: Gao Catherine A. , Knauert Melissa P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCircadian rhythms are an integral part of life on earth. Circadian rhythms play a fundamental role in homeostasis as they ensure coordination between the environment and an organism's behavior and physiology. This coordination is called entrainment. Entrainment depends on environmental cues known as zeitgebers. Human zeitgebers include light (primary zeitgeber), sleep, eating, exercise, and activity. Circadian rhythms are disrupted in critically-ill patients due to both critical illness and current intensive care unit (ICU) practices. Disruptions in circadian rhythms are tightly linked with ICU sleep disruption. Together these entities potentiate numerous adverse outcomes including delirium, metabolic derangements, cardiovascular instability, and immune compromise. Herein, we will highlight potential areas for care improvement via chronobundles. We suggest bright light during the day, maintaining darkness, and protecting sleep at night, intermittent rather than continuous feeds, and activity via mobilization during the day. Optimizing circadian rhythms is a low-risk intervention that is underutilized in current ICU practice. This optimization could be a powerful tool in helping to improve outcomes in the critically-ill patient.
Efficacy of Neuroprotective Drugs in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Is It Helpful?
Authors: Mehta Anish , Mahale Rohan , Buddaraju Kiran , Javali Mahendra , Acharya Purushottam , Srinivasa Rangasetty 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Out of several neuroprotective drugs (NPDs) studied in animals and humans, four NPDs (citicoline, edaravone, cerebrolysin, and minocycline) have been found to have beneficial effects in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).
Objective The purpose is to evaluate the efficacy of citicoline, edaravone, minocycline, and cerebrolysin compared with placebo in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory AIS.
Materials and Methods This was a prospective, single center, single-blinded, and hospital-based study. One hundred patients with MCA territory AIS with 20 patients in each group including control group were included. Barthel index (BI), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and modified Rankin Scale score were recorded at admission, at day 11 and after 90 days.
Results The mean NIHSS score was significantly lesser at day 11 and after 90 days in citicoline, edaravone, and cerebrolysin group in comparison with placebo. Similarly, the mean BI score was significantly higher at day 11 and after 90 days in citicoline, edaravone, and cerebrolysin group in comparison with placebo. In minocycline group, there was no significant change in the NIHSS score and BI score at day 11 and after 90 days.
Conclusion There was significant improvement in the functional outcome of patients with AIS involving MCA territory at 90 days receiving citicoline, edaravone, and cerebrolysin. However, minocycline did not offer the same efficacy as compared with other neuroprotective agents.
Long-Term Study about the Incidence of Epilepsy in Male Service Personnel from India: A Retrospective, Cohort Study
Authors: Dhull Pawan , Patnaik S. K. , Somasekharan Manoj , Kumar K. V. S Hari 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background The data on the epidemiology of epilepsy are limited for developing countries including India. We estimated the incidence of epilepsy in a cohort of service personnel from India followed for over two decades.

Materials and Methods The data for this epidemiological study were derived from the electronic medical records (EMRs) of the male service personnel. The participants (age < 18 years) were enrolled into active service between 1990 and 2015 in good health. The data pertaining to the diagnosis of epilepsy were derived from the EMR using the prevalent International Classification of Diseases codes. We calculated the incidence rate as per person-years (py) using appropriate statistical methods.

Results Our data included 51,217 participants (median age: 33 years, range: 17–54) with a mean follow-up of 12.5 years, giving a cumulative follow-up duration of 613,925 py. A total of 291 patients developed epilepsy during the study, giving an incidence rate of 0.47 per 1000 py (95% confidence interval: 0.42–0.53). Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy, central nervous system disorders, and alcohol dependence syndrome were the common comorbid ailments in patients with epilepsy.

Conclusion Our cohort had a comparable incidence rate of epilepsy with other studies from India and abroad.
Direct observation and simultaneous use of linear and quadratic electro-optical effects
Authors: Steglich Patrick , Mai Christian , Villringer Claus , Mai Andreas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We report on the direct observation and simultaneous use of the linear and quadratic electro-optical effect and propose a method by which higher-order susceptibilities of electro-optical materials can be determined. The evaluation is based on the separation of the second- and third-order susceptibilities and the experimental technique uses a slot waveguide ring resonator fabricated in integrated photonic circuit technology, which is embedded by a guest-host polymer system consisting of the azobenzene dye Disperse Red 1 in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix as an active electro-optical material. The contribution of both effects on the electro-optical response under the influence of static and time-varying electrical fields is investigated. We show that the quadratic electro-optical effect has a significant influence on the overall electro-optical response even with acentric molecular orientated molecules. Our findings have important implications for developing electro-optical devices based on polymer-filled slot waveguides and give rise to advanced photonic circuits.
First-principles high pressure structure searching, longitudinal-transverse mode coupling and absence of simple cubic phase in sulfur
Authors: Whaley-Baldwin Jack , Needs Richard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We use first-principles density functional theory to conduct an extensive structure search using the AIRSS package for elemental sulfur in the range 50–550 GPa. We then obtain the low-temperature phase diagram of sulfur in the same pressure range, including vibrational effects through the harmonic approximation. We do not find any structures lower in energy than those already reported in experiment, although the phase diagram below 100 GPa is found to be crowded with structures separated by only a few meV. We report the transition sequence

I

4

1

/

acd
→
P

1

¯

→

ICM

→

C
2

/

m
→
R

3

¯

m
→

I
m

3

¯

m

and obtain accurate pressures for each transition, although we find the second-order

C
2

/

m
→
R

3

¯

m

transition particularly difficult to define. Contrary to previous first-principles works (Pavel et al; Rudin and Liu 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett.
83 3049–52), we do not reproduce a trigonal

→

simple cubic transition at either the static lattice or harmonic level. We also undertake a detailed analysis of the incommensurately modulated (ICM) phase of sulfur phase using a commensurate approximant found in the structure search. We find that the modulation amplitude is zero above 96 GPa; some 40 GPa below the experimentally reported transition to the unmodulated phase. We find that the body-centred atoms in the relaxed ICM approximant are, in addition to the dominant transverse modulation (which is a frozen-in optical phonon mode), slightly displaced longitudinally in the b-direction. We subsequently discover that this (small) longitudinal modulation is coupled to the transverse mode, and hence report previously unnoticed weak-mode coupling between transverse and longitudinal optical phonons in the ICM phase.
Evidence for Intra-Unit Cell Magnetism in Superconducting Cuprates: a Technical Assessment
Authors: Bourges Philippe , Bounoua Dalila , Jeong Jaehong , Mangin-Thro Lucile , Sidis Yvan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Intra unit cell (IUC) magnetic order observed by polarized neutron diffraction (PND) is one of the hallmarks of the pseudogap state of high-temperature copper oxide superconductors. This experimental observation, usually interpreted as a result of loop currents, has been recently challenged based on lower statistics data. We here address the crucial issue of polarization inhomogeneities in the neutron beams showing that the original data had a much better reproducibilty. Within these technical limitations, we here propose a self-consistent analysis that potentially solves the controversy. We show that all the reported PND experiments in superconducting cuprates are actually compatible with the existence of an IUC magnetism.
Longitudinal Neutron Resonance Spin Echo Spectroscopy under Large Energy Transfers
Authors: Franz C. , Soltwedel O. , Säubert S. , Wendl A. , Gottwald W. , Haslbeck F. , Spitz L. , Pfleiderer C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Longitudinal neutron resonance spin echo (LNRSE) spectroscopy offers very high energy resolution due to the self correction of the resonant spin flippers, and a wide dynamical range nominally exceeding six orders of magnitude in resolution down to sub-ps range. In this paper, the technical realisation how to achieve such low Fourier times at the spectrometer RESEDA at the MLZ Garching is described. The requirements of data collection and data analysis in the limit of very low Fourier times, notably those related to the breakdown of the spin echo approximation, are discussed. A method to infer the scattering function from the experimental data under large energy tansfers beyond the spin echo approximation is presented.
A strategy for handling aberration in Spherical Neutron Polarimetry
Authors: Tosado Jacob , Chen Wangchun , Rodriguez Efrain E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a strategy for identifying and correcting for aberration effects in Spherical Neutron Polarimetry. The transformation of the neutron beam polarization vector due to scattering from a material is determined with Spherical Neutron Polarimetry. This neutron scattering technique measures the three cardinal components of the scattered polarization for any chosen cardinal direction of the incident polarization for a given Bragg reflection. As a consequence, the instrumentation required for this technique is desired to be capable of measuring the three-dimensional polarization vector over the sphere. As with all instrumentation, the field of measurement is subject to aberration which must be characterized.
Optimization of a magnetostatic cavity for a 3He spin analyzer on the CANDOR polychromatic reflectometer
Authors: Hassan Md. T. , Chen W.C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A new instrument, the CANDOR (Chromatic Analysis Neutron Diffractometer or Reflectometer) polychromatic beam reflectometer is being built at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. CANDOR will have a capability of polarization analysis for both specular and off-specular scattering, and allow for measuring the magnetic structures of magnetic thin films with a significantly shortened measurement time as compared to a conventional monochromatic beam reflectometer at a continuous neutron source. A critical component of the polarization analysis capability is to develop a 3He neutron spin filter (NSF) for polarization analysis for both specular and off-specular scattering for a continuous wavelength range between 4 Å and 6 Å and a large solid angle coverage for up to 20 energy dispersive detector channels. For ex-situ spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) operation, a magnetically shielded solenoid (MSS) will be employed to provide a volume averaged field gradient,

|

▽

→

B
⊥
/
B
|

better than 5×10−4 cm−1 to maintain 3He polarization relaxation times of at least a few hundred hours on the beam line even when there are significant stray fields from a magnet operating at a field up to 3 T at the sample position. We describe a procedure to design, construct, and optimize a MSS with non-identical compensation coil dimensions on the ends to match the scattered neutron beam rays. The volume averaged field gradient is quantified and optimized over a cell for a MSS using the finite-element software package RADIA and compared with that from the experiment.
Stable climate metrics for emissions of short and long-lived species—combining steps and pulses
Authors: Collins William J , Frame David J , Fuglestvedt Jan S , Shine Keith P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Multi-gas climate agreements rely on a methodology (widely referred to as ‘metrics’) to place emissions of different gases on a CO2-equivalent scale. There has been an ongoing debate on the extent to which existing metrics serve current climate policy. Endpoint metrics (such as global temperature change potential GTP) are the most closely related to policy goals based on temperature limits (such as Article 2 of the Paris Agreement). However, for short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), endpoint metrics vary strongly with time horizon making them difficult to apply in practical situations. We show how combining endpoint metrics for a step change in SLCF emissions with a pulse emission of CO2 leads to an endpoint metric that only varies slowly over time horizons of interest. We therefore suggest that these combined step-pulse metrics (denoted combined global warming potential CGWP and combined global temperature change potential CGTP) can be a useful way to include short and long-lived species in the same basket in policy applications—this assumes a single basket approach is preferred by policy makers. The advantage of a combined step-pulse metric for SLCFs is that for species with a lifetime less than 20 years a single time horizon of around 75 years can cover the range of timescales appropriate to the Paris Agreement. These metrics build on recent work using the traditional global warming potential (GWP) metric in a new way, called GWP*. We show how the GWP* relates to CGWP and CGTP and that it systematically underestimates the temperature effects of SLCFs by up to 20%. These step-pulse metrics are all more appropriate than the conventional GWP for comparing the relative contributions of different species to future temperature targets and for SLCFs they are much less dependent on time horizon than GTP.
Combustion characteristics of densified bio-char produced from Gayo Arabica coffee-pulp: Effect of binder
Authors: Setiawan A , Hayat F , Faisal  , Nur T B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Increasing number of coffee-by-products highlights its potential as source of renewable energy. The use of coffee pulp as a raw material for bio-briquettes is considered as an effective way to minimize their wastage as landfill. This study aims to examine the combustion characteristics of bio-briquettes produced from Gayo Arabica coffee-pulp which was carbonized through a slow pyrolysis process and densified at a pressure of 150 kg/cm2. Prior to densification process, the raw material was sun-dried, pyrolyzed, ground and sieved to mesh 20. A mixture was then made by adding starch binder at 20, 30 and 40 wt.% followed by molding and drying processes. Characterization of the briquette employs a number of techniques including DSC, bomb calorimeter and proximate analyses as well as combustion test. The results show that the amount of starch-binder significantly affects the rate of combustion and the flame duration. However, no significant change is found in term of calorific value, moisture and ash content.
Mechanical and physical properties of rice straw fiber-reinforced polypropylene composite
Authors: Ismail I , Ismaturrahmi  , Zakaria  , Zulfalina  , Jalil Z , Fadzullah S H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this study, the composite made of rice straw fiber and polypropylene as the adhesive has been produced. The mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compressive strength) and physical properties (density and thickness swelling) of composite samples have been examined for various compositions of rice straw fibers. The highest modulus of rupture of our composite is found to be 113 kgf/cm2 obtained at the composition of rice straw fiber 40 wt. % and polypropylene 60 wt. %. The highest modulus of elasticity of our composite is 3.5×104 kgf/cm2 obtained at the composition of rice straw fiber 30 wt. % and polypropylene 70 wt. %. The modulus of elasticity tends to decline when the composition of rice straw is increased. The highest compressive strength and density are 8.9 MPa and 0.6 g/cm3, respectively, which are obtained at the formation of rice straw 60 wt. % and polypropylene 40 wt. %. Both compressive strength and density tend to increase when the composition of rice straw fiber is increased. The thickness swelling of the sample was obtained in the range of 0.5 to 1.0 %. Our composites (for all rice straw fiber compositions) have met Indonesian National Standard requirements for particleboard. Based on our results, we recommend producing a composite of rice straw fiber and polypropylene adhesive with an arrangement of 60 wt. % rice straw fiber and 40 wt. % polypropylene.
High photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Fe2O3 nanocomposite prepared by impregnation method for degradation of indigo carmine
Authors: Lubis S , Lelifajri  , Sheilatina  , Ihsan K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine (IC) dye was carried out by using TiO2/Fe2O3 nanocomposite prepared by impregnation method under UV light irradiation. The effect of TiO2 to Fe2O3 mole ratio on the properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Fe2O3 nanocomposite was studied by the prepared three series of TiO2/Fe2O3 nanocomposites with TiO2 to Fe2O3 mole ratio of 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1. The characterization of TiO2/Fe2O3 nanocomposite by XRD showed that the iron (III) oxide extracted from iron ore and calcined at 700°C was in hematite phase (a-Fe2O3). The photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Fe2O3 nanocomposites was determined by using 6 W UV lamps with the wavelength 365 nm and the degradation efficiency of indigo carmine was determined based on UV-Vis spectrophotometer data. The TiO2/Fe2O3 nanocomposite with the the mole ratio of TiO2 to Fe2O3 1:3 showed higher photocatalytic activity than other mole ratio and bare Fe2O3. Degradation efficiency also was highly affected by the initial pH of IC solution, photocatalyst dosage and initial IC concentration. The maximum experimental degradation efficiency of IC was achived at pH value 1 using 0.35 g of photocatalyst and at 20 ppm of initial IC concentration after being irradiated by UV light for 120.
Preparation and characterization of cellulose acetate from cotton
Authors: Huda E , Rahmi  , Khairan  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The preparation and characterization of cellulose acetate from cotton was conducted in this study. Cotton was hydrolyzed using various concentrations of sulfuric acid (10, 20, 30 and 40%). The bleaching process was performed by using H2O2 solution. The acetylation process was conducted using acetic acid solution. The obtained cellulose acetate was then characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in order to observe the functional groups, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to examine the surface morphology and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the crystallinity of cellulose acetate. The results of FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of cellulose acetate. SEM images showed the irregular sizes of cellulose acetate. XRD patterns exhibited that the acetylation process increased the crystallinity of cellulose.
Study on the effect of mesh ratio to the potential distribution of RC cathodic protection using BEM
Authors: Tanjung I , Fonna S , Huzni S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Researchers and engineers have used cathodic protection (CP) to prevent corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC). Boundary element method (BEM) is a promising numerical technique to evaluate the effectiveness of CP on RC structures. However, some parameters that might affect the system or the potential distribution, such as mesh ratio, still need to be studied further. This paper aims to study the effect of mesh ratio on the potential distribution of RC installed CP using BEM. Simple 3D beam model of RC was used for the case study. The mesh for the model was triangular element and six variations of the mesh ratio were selected for the study. The mesh ratio obtained from the comparison between the size of the concrete element and the anode or cathode element. Simulation results show that the distribution of potential for all mesh ratios is within the protection criteria (⩽ −850 mV vs Cu/CuSO4). However, the difference between maximum and minimum potential value becomes smaller when the mesh ratio increased. Hence, it shows that the mesh ratio has an effect on the distribution of potential of RC installed CP. However, it is still tolerable since the potential within protection criteria.