bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of B-Site Doping on Double Perovskite Structure Materials for Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Park Jun-Young , Cho Sung-Hwa , Kim Nam-In 
Published: February 2020

In water-splitting electrochemical devices, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the most important reaction process because the overall cell efficiency depends strongly on the reaction rate of the OER [1-3]. Over the past decades, noble metal catalysts such as iridium oxide (IrO2), ruthenium oxide (RuO2) and carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) have shown excellent performances for the OER. However, these noble metal based catalysts have drawbacks for using catalysts of the water-splitting devices due to high cost and limited durability [4-5].
Recently, in order to overcome these technical issues, several perovskite structure-based oxides, which are used as the cathode materials of solid oxide fuel cells, are considered for replacing expensive noble metals [6-7]. To achieve high efficient electrocatalyst for OERs, in this work, transition metals such as Fe, Ni and Cu are doped in the B-site of ABO3 perovskite structure to enhance electrochemical performances. These OER catalysts are synthesized by the combustion method using nitrate precursors [8-10].
Synthesized OER catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). To compare effect of different doping materials, electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), OER and long-term durability test are measured by rotating disk electrode (RDE) system. For the electrochemical analysis of the OER catalysts, Pt wire and Ag/AgCl electrodes are used as a counter electrode and a reference electrode in alkaline media (0.1 M KOH). The OER activity is measured by the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) from 1.2 to 1.7 V at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1
with rotating rate of 1600 rpm.

Y. J. Sa, K. Kwon, J. Y. Cheon, F. Kleitz, S. H. Joo, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 9992 (2013).

J. I. Jung, H. Y. Jeong, J. S. Lee, M. G. Kim, J. Cho, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 53, 4582 (2014).

F. Cheng, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. Du, X. Han, J. Chen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 125, 2534 (2013).

Y. Gorlin, T. F. Jaramillo, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 132, 13612 (2010).

Y. Liang, Y. Li, H. Wang, J. Zhou, J. Wang, T. Regier, H. Dai, Nat. Mater., 10, 780 (2011).

S. Yoo, A. Jun, Y. W. Ju, D. Odkhuu, J. Hyodo, H. Y. Jeong, N. Park, J. Shin, T. Ishihara, G. Kim, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 53, 1 (2014).

W. Zhou, J. Sunarso, M. Zhao, F. Liang, T. Klande, A. Feldhoff, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 52, 14036 (2013).

T. Grewe, X. Deng, H. Tüysüz, Chem. Master., 26, 3162 (2014).

J. Kim, A. Jun, J. Shin, G. Kim, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 97, 651 (2014).

J. H. Kim, M. Cassidy, J. T. S. Irvine, J. Bae, Chem. Master., 22, 883 (2010).

* Corresponding authors: jyoung@sejong.ac.kr (J.-Y. Park).
Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia Using Molybdenum-Based Catalyst
Authors: Bateni Hamed , Botte Gerardine G 
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Today, ammonia is one of the most important chemical products, which is applicable in the production of fertilizer, explosive materials, and refrigerant (1). The traditional ammonia synthesis method is the Haber-Bosch process, in which nitrogen and hydrogen gases react on enriched iron catalyst at high pressure and temperature. Moreover, the final hydrogen conversion is low due to thermodynamic restrictions (2). Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is a promising process to overcome the limitation of the conventional catalytic rectors such as the low conversion, severe environmental pollution, and high energy consumption (3). Several metals such as platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), and iron (Fe) based catalysts have been tested for ammonia production through the electrochemical process (4). Apart from catalyst, different kinds of electrolyte including liquid electrolyte, molten salts, composite membrane, and solid state electrolyte have been tested for ammonia synthesis. Liquid electrolytes are effectively active at lower temperature with respect to other electrolytes (5).
Although several studies have been performed on electrochemical synthesis of ammonia, most of them represent very low ammonia production rate even in high pressure or high temperature conditions.
In this study, liquid electrolyte containing molybdenum (Mo) based catalyst will be investigated to facilitate electrochemical synthesis of ammonia at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. The effect of catalyst concentration on the process yield will be studied to develop an appropriate catalytic media for the cathodic reaction of electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia.
Pure hydrogen and nitrogen will be used in the process and product analysis will be performed using ammonia ion-selective electrode (ISE) to determine the concentration of ammonia.

References

1. M. Karolewska, E. Truszkiewicz, B. Mierzwa, L. Kępiński and W. Raróg-Pilecka, Applied Catalysis A: General, 445, 280 (2012).
2. W. Wang, X. Cao, W. Gao, F. Zhang, H. Wang and G. Ma, Journal of Membrane Science, 360, 397 (2010).
3. I. A. Amar, R. Lan, C. T. Petit and S. Tao, Journal of solid state electrochemistry, 15, 1845 (2011).
4. M. Hasnat, M. Karim and M. Machida, Catalysis Communications, 10, 1975 (2009).
5. S. Giddey, S. Badwal and A. Kulkarni, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38, 14576 (2013).
The Roles of the Particle Size of Ge-Based Electrodes on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Mishra Kuber , Isenhower John , Zhou Xiao-Dong 
Published: February 2020

High capacity negative electrode materials such as silicon and germanium have been known to undergo massive volume change during lithiation/delithiation process. The large volume expansion in Si (~400%) and Ge (~280%) has been attributed to the fracture of the electrode materials, delamination from the current collector and losing contacts with the binder, resulting in rapid loss of capacity.1

Here we report our studies on the effects of particle size on the electrochemical performance of Ge electrode. Ge particles of different sizes (0.1-0.3, 0.3 -0.5, 0.8-1, >1 µm, ) are obtained by varying the time of ball milling and their capacity performances were measured by assembling a coin cell with the lithium metal as the counter electrode.
The obtained results displayed the rapid capacity loss of the electrode with Ge particle size >1 µm, while the ones up to ~0.5 µm displayed significant stability. For the first 40 cycles tested, the Ge particles up to 0.5 µm retained ~90% of the initial charge capacity, and the ones with particle size 0.1-0.3 µm retained more than 95% of the initial charge capacity at the current density of 500 mA/g . For the Ge particle size > 1µm, the capacity retention even at the low current density of 100 mA/g at the end of 40 cycles was measured to be ~37%.
This result demonstrates that above an optimum size, the Ge electrode exhibits rapid degradation of the performance. Further work is being carried out to determine the optimum size of the Ge electrode which yields a stable electrochemical performance. Fracture behavior of the Ge particles based on fracture mechanics will be reported. Theoretical analysis based on a rigorous continuum mechanics model will be used to extract critical size for Ge-based electrodes.

References:

1. Wang, C.; Wu, H.; Chen, Z.; McDowell, M. T.; Cui, Y.; Bao, Z., Self-healing chemistry enables the stable operation of silicon microparticle anodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Nat Chem
2013,
5 (12), 1042-1048.

Figure 1
Tin Oxides with Nano and Micron-Sized Pores for Functional Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Kim Eun-Ji , Shin Heon-Cheol 
Published: February 2020

Metal oxides with one-dimensional (1-D) nano-channels have drawn much attention as potential electrode materials for high performance functional electrochemical devices. This is mainly because the large surface area of nanostructures and the 1-D pathway of reactants/products in channels result in low activation and concentration polarizations, respectively. In spite of such advantages, the expected high rate and high efficient operation of the devices adopting the electrodes with nano-channeled structure might not be quite sustainable particularly when the rate of surface reaction far exceeds that of mass transport through the channels. That is, the reactants/products would be seriously depleted/accumulated in the channel at the very high rate of surface reaction, possibly leading to the significant decrease in total reaction rate. One way to solve this problem is to prepare the hybrid porous structure composed of both nano-sized and micron-sized pores, where the latter efficiently provides the reactants to or receives the products from the nano-channels.
It has been known that an anodic oxidation process is a quite effective way to create the metal oxide films with well-defined 1-D nano-channeled structure. Among the anodic metal oxides with 1-D structure, tin oxide is worthy of attention due to its widespread use in various applications, such as catalysis, gas sensing and energy storage. In this work, meso- and macro- hybrid porous structure is created without a template by an anodic oxidation process. From the experimental results, it is suggested that the substrate, the anodizing time, the thickness of the pre-anodized tin have an important effect on the size and density of macro-pores in hybrid porous structure. For example, the well-defined meso/macro hybrid porous tin oxides can be created when silicon was used as a substrate to anodize tin thin film. On the basis of the mechanical analysis of the different substrates and different thicknesses of tin film on them, it is suggested that the substrate with high elastic modulus might result in high compressive stress to the anodic tin oxide and generate local cracks in the initial stage of anodizing process, which grow to macro-pores with semispherical shape in the later stage.
From two step anodizing process including the intervening selective etching of tin oxide, highly-open meso/macro hybrid porous tin oxide is successfully prepared. Anodic tin oxide formed under the macro-pores has meso-porous structure with radial shape, ideally suited for high rate and high efficient functional electrochemical devices.
On the Electrochemical Dealloying of Binary Al-Cu and Ternary Al-Cu-Sn Alloys
Authors: Song Tingting , Yan Ming , Shi Zhiming , Atrens Andrej , Qian Ma 
Published: February 2020

Chemical de-alloying of binary Al75Cu25 (at.%) alloy (consisting of α-Al and Al2Cu) can be used to prepare bulk nanoporous Cu which shows promise for a number of applications. Chemical de-alloying of ternary Al67Cu18Sn15 alloy (consisting of α-Al(Cu), Al2Cu and β-Sn(Al,Cu)) can result in nanoporous Cu3Sn-Cu-Cu6Sn5composites where re-alloying between Cu atoms released from de-alloying and Sn atoms in the precursor is involved. Compared to chemical de-alloying in toxic and expensive solutions, electrochemical de-alloying in neutral salt solution has the advanategs of being pollution-free, inexpensive and readily available.
This paper reports the results obtained from electrochemical dealloying of binary Al75Cu25 alloy and ternary Al67Cu18Sn15 alloy by using potentiodynamic polarization, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potentiostatic polarization measurements. For electrochemical de-alloying of the binary Al75Cu25, the asynchronous dealloying behaviour and the final size of the porous structure are both potential dependent. For de-alloying of the ternary Al67Cu18Sn15, the concurrence of de-alloying and re-alloying is potential dependent. In addition, when the applied potential (-0.5 V) is below the critical potential of the Al2Cu phase (-0.41 V), electrochemical de-alloying of Al75Cu25 can be complete leading to nanoporous Cu (52 ± 10 nm). However, complete de-alloying does not occur to the ternary Al67Cu18Sn15 alloy under the same condition due most likely to the existence of β-Sn(Al,Cu) phase.
Quinone Electrochemistry: From the Electron Transport Chain to Electron Mediators and Orientational Moieites
Authors: Minteer Shelley D. , Giroud Fabien , Milton Ross D , Tan Boxuan 
Published: February 2020

Quinones play a vital role in electron transport chains (ETC) in mitochondrial (eukaryotic) and bacterial (prokaryotic) cells. Within the mitochondrial ETC, ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) is responsible for transporting electrons and protons from complexes I and II to complex III, where the ETC ultimately produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from ATP synthase. Within bacterial cells, ubiquinone and menaquinone also act as electron and proton carriers between large membrane-bound complexes. Quinone functionality is also required for many oxidoreductase enzymes, which utilize a pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) cofactor.
Naphthoquinone derivatives have been investigated for their suitability within enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs). At the bioanode, the electrochemical properties of naphthoquinone derivatives can be exploited to yield a bioanodic architecture that can mediate electron transfer between anodic enzymes and the electrode. In contrast, the chemical properties (not electrochemical redox properties) of the same naphthoquinone electrode architecture can be utilized at the biocathode of an EFC to efficiently orientate oxygen-reducing enzymes to undergo the direct bioelectrocatalytic reduction of oxygen.
The use of the same electrode architecture at the bioanode and biocathode of EFCs results in a simplified EFC design, which ultimately results in lower manufacturing costs of devices.
(Invited) Glycofullerenes for Biological Applications
Authors: Martin Nazario 
Published: February 2020

The carbohydrate-protein interaction is a key issue in a variety of biological processes. Actually, this molecular recognition is usually one of the selective steps triggering different biological processes affording biological functions. This interaction is characterized by a high selectivity, strong dependence on some specific metal cations and a remarkable low affinity.
The way in which mother Nature solves this low affinity is by means of the so-called multivalent interactions, which involves using many copies of receptor (lectines) and a multivalent presentation of the ligand (sugar). Thus, the development of the required tools for a better understanding of the biological processes involving carbohydrates are based in the design and preparation of multivalent carbohydrates systems.
We have recently shown that fullerenes are appealing suitable spherical molecular scaffolds for the construction of globular structures decorated at will on the periphery in the search for new biologically active supermolecules.1 In this communication, the most recent advances in the synthesis of giant globular structures on different carbon nanostructures as well as their efficiency in inhibiting the Ebola virus infection will be discussed.

References:

a) J.-F. Nierengarten, J. Iehl, V. Oerthel, M. Holler, B. M. Illescas, A. Muñoz, N. Martín, J. Rojo, M. Sánchez-Navarro, S. Cecioni, S. Vidal, K. Buffet, M. Durka, S. P. Vincent, Chem. Commun.
2010, 46, 3860 – 3862; b) M. Sánchez-Navarro, A. Muñoz, B. M. Illescas, J. Rojo, N. Martín, Chem. Eur. J. 2011, 17, 766; c) J. Luczkowiak, A. Muñoz, M. Sánchez-Navarro, R. Ribeiro-Viana, A. Ginieis, B. M. Illescas, N. Martín, R. Delgado, J. Rojo, Biomacromolecules
2013, 14, 431−437.

Figure 1
Inkjet Printed Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes As Active Semiconductors in Thin-Film Transistors and Circuits
Authors: Dodabalapur Ananth , Kim Bongjun , Jang Seonpil , Geier Micheal , Hersam Mark C. 
Published: February 2020

Inkjet printed single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be incorporated as active layers in thin-film transistors with promising performance. When the channel length is much larger than the average nanotube length (~ 1 mm), charge transport takes place through a network of nanotubes and the SWCNT film behaves like an effective medium with a mobility in excess of 25 cm2/V-s, which makes them suitable for a number of applications. In such devices, the on/off current ratio can be very high (> 105). In devices with channel length less than individual nanotube dimensions, we can get high transconductance devices which can be either p- channel or ambipolar depending on the details of the device structure. We will describe in detail characteristics of both types of SWCNT Transistors.
The materials combination of inkjet-printed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and zinc tin oxide (ZTO) is very promising for large-area thin-film electronics. We compare the characteristics of conventional complementary inverters and ring oscillators measured in air (with SWCNT p-channel Thin-film transistors (TFTs) and ZTO n-channel TFTs) with those of ambipolar inverters and ring oscillators comprised of bilayer SWCNT/ZTO TFTs. This is the first such comparison between the performance characteristics of ambipolar and conventional inverters and ring oscillators. The measured signal delay per stage of 140 ns for complementary ring oscillators is the fastest for any ring oscillator circuit with printed semiconductors to date. We also demonstrate novel voltage controlled ring oscillators which are promising for analog to digital conversion circuits.
Modifying Carbon Nanotubes with Electroactive Systems
Authors: Martin Nazario 
Published: February 2020

The readily available and highly versatile electron donor exTTF molecule has proved its efficiency for the design of unprecedented receptors for fullerenes and other carbon nanoforms. In this regard, custom-made tweezers and macrocyclic receptors are proving a valuable alternative to achieve the affinity and selectivity required to meet goals such as the selective extraction of higher fullerenes, their chiral resolution or the self-assembly of functional molecular materials.[1] In this presentation some important breakthroughs based on electroactive systems derived from exTTF as molecular and macrocyclic receptors for single wall carbon nanotubes will be highlighted. Bowl and belt-shaped CNTs receptors based on this concave-convex complementarity principle will also be presented.[2] The recognition motives have been applied with the aim of modifying their electronic properties,[3] as well as for the hierarchical organization of mesoscopic 3D helical fibers.
[4]

References:

[1] a) E. M. Pérez, L. Sánchez, G. Fernández, N. Martín, J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 2006, 128, 7172-7173; b) E. M. Pérez, N. Martín, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2008, 37, 1512-1519; c) D. Canevet, E. M. Pérez, N. Martín, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 9248 – 9259.
[2] a) M. Gallego, J. Calbo, J. Aragó, R. M. Krick Calderon, F. H. Liquido, T. Iwamoto, A. K. Greene, E. A. Jackson, E. M. Pérez, E. Ortí, D. M. Guldi, L. T. Scott, N. Martín Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53, 2170-2175; b) A. de Juan, Y. Pouillon, L. Ruiz-González, A. Torres-Pardo, S. Casado, N. Martín, Á. Rubio, E. M. Pérez Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed.,
2014, 53, 5394-5400; c) H. Isla, E. M. Pérez, N. Martín, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53, 5629-5633.
[3] a) C. Romero.Nieto, R. García, M. A. Herranz, Ch. Ehli, M. Ruppert, A. Hirsch, D. M. Guldi, N. Martín, J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 9183−9192; b) C. Romero-Nieto, R. García, M. A. Herranz, L. Rodríguez-Pérez, M. Sánchez-Navarro, J. Rojo, N. Martín, D. M. Guldi. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, 2013, 52, 10216-10220.
[4] J. López-Andarias, J. L. López, C. Atienza, F. G. Brunetti, C. Romero-Nieto, D. M. Guldi, N. Martín, Nat.
Commun., 2014, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4763.

Figure 1
Selective Synthesis of Large-Diameter, High-Quality and Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Via Thiophene-Assisted Method
Authors: Li Jinghua , Liu Jie 
Published: February 2020

We developed a method that produces enriched metallic nanotubes (m-SWNTs) with large diameter, high quality and high yield. In our research, it was observed that m-SWNTs are dominant species when their diameters are larger than 3 nm under most growth conditions we have tested, which implies that catalyst nanoparticles with larger sizes might have a preference to nucleate m-SWNTs. Based on this observation, a thiophene-assisted CVD method was developed to selectively synthesize metallic carbon nanotubes with large diameters (> 3 nm). It is believed that the up-shift in diameter distribution is sourced from the higher capability of thiophene for carbon supply which can activate larger catalyst particles. Back-gate FETs were fabricated based on individual SWNTs to characterize the as-prepared SWNTs and it was determined that the ratio of m-SWNTs is ~95%. Clearly, the SWNTs synthesized with thiophene in the precursor have a higher percentage of metallic nanotubes. This result is consistent with the rules for selective growth reported in our previous study and provides a facile method for the synthesis of m-SWNTs which can be applied to fabricate transparent conductive films. This is a strong evidence that the growth conditions play an important role in determining the types of nanotubes grown in a CVD process.
Chiral Fullerenes from Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Martin Nazario 
Published: February 2020

Chirality is an important and fascinating aspect which, however, has not been properly addressed in fullerenes science.[1] Recent results from our group support the basic idea that the chemistry of fullerenes is not completely developed and that a variety of fundamental reactions, mainly involving transition metals and organocatalysts are helpful in order to address issues such as the regio- and the stereo-selectivity, so far unsolved in the fullerene functionalization.
We have recently reported on the synthesis of enantiomerically pure fullerenes with a total control of the stereochemical outcome. The suitable choice of the chiral metal catalyst ([Cu(II) or Ag(I)] in combination with a variety of different chiral ligands) directs the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of N-metalated azomethyne ylides on C60, on C70 and on endohedral metallofullerenes with high levels of site-, regio-, diastereo- and enantio-selectivity.[2] Furthermore, we have also shown that chiral fullerenes can be efficiently prepared by using organocatalysis.[3] In this communication, the most recent synthetic results involving endohedral fullerenes as well as their cis-transisomerization will be discussed.

References:

[1] E. E. Maroto, M. Izquierdo, S. Reboredo, J. Marco-Martínez, S. Filippone, N. Martín "Chiral Fullerenes from Asymmetric Catalysis" Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 2660−2670.
[2] (a) Filippone, S., Maroto, E.E., Martín-Domenech, A., Suarez, M. and Martín, N., Nature Chem., 2009, 1, 578; (b) Maroto, E. E.; de Cozar, A.; Filippone, S.; Martin-Domenech, A.; Suarez, M.; Cossio, F. P.; Martín, N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2011, 50, 6060; (c) Sawai, K.; Takano, Y.; Izquierdo, M.; Filippone, S.; Martín, N.; Slanina, Z.; Mizorogi, N.; Waelchli, M.; Tsuchiya, T.; Akasaka, T.; Nagase, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2011, 133, 17746; (d) Maroto, E.E., Filippone, S., Martín-Domenech, A., Suarez, M. and Martín, N., J. Am.
Chem. Soc.
2012, 134, 12936; (e) E. E. Maroto, S. Filippone, M. Suárez, R. Martínez-Álvarez, A. de Cózar, F. P. Cossío, N. Martín, J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 2014, 136, 705.
[3] (a) J. Marco-Martinez, V. Marcos, S. Reboredo, S. Filippone, N. Martín, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52, 5115. (b) J. Marco-Martínez, S. Reboredo, M. Izquierdo, V. Marcos, J. L. López, S. Filippone, N. Martín, J. Am.
Chem. Soc., 2014, 136, 2897.

Figure 1