bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of the multi-pronged approach in the diagnosis of Alport syndrome for 22 children in Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Li , Sun Bai-chao , Zhao Bing-gang , Ma Qing-shan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlport syndrome (AS) is a kind of progressive hereditary nephritis induced by mutations of different genes that encode collagen IV. The affected individuals usually develop hematuria during childhood, accompanying with gradual deterioration of renal functions. In this study, the multi-pronged approach was employed to improve the diagnosis of AS.MethodsTwenty-two children were diagnosed and treated at the Department of Pediatric Nephrology of Jilin University First Hospital between January 2017 and January 2020 using the multi-pronged approach. The following information was collected from patients, including age of onset, age at diagnosis, clinical manifestations, family history, renal pathology and genotype.ResultsAll these 22 children were diagnosed with Alport syndrome according to the diagnostic criteria formulated by the Japanese Society of Nephrology (2015), among them, only 13 children met the diagnostic criteria released in 1988. All the 22 patients presented with hematuria, and proteinuria to varying degrees was observed in some patients. Three children suffered from hearing loss, but no child in the cohort had any visual problem or renal failure. Meanwhile, five patients were estimated to be at Stage 2, whereas the remaining 17 cases were at Stage 0. Renal biopsies were performed in 18 patients, including 14 showing glomerular basement membranes (GBM)-specific abnormalities. Moreover, 13 children were detected with mutations of genes encoding collagen IV.ConclusionsThe multi-pronged approach helps to improve the diagnosis of AS. Most patients do not have renal failure during childhood, but close assessment and monitoring are necessary. Also, the advancements in treatment are reviewed.
Differential associations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with depression severity from noncancer status to breast cancer course and subsequent chemotherapy
Authors: Tzang Bor-Show , Chen Vincent Chin-Hung , Hsieh Ching-Chuan , Wang Wen-Ke , Weng Yi-Ping , Ho Hsing-Ying , Hsu Ya-Ting , Hsaio Han-Pin , Weng Jun-Cheng , Chen Yi-Lung 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
In this study, we examined the differential associations of various proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with depression severity from the development of breast cancer to subsequent chemotherapy treatment.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 116 women: 29 controls without cancer, 55 patients with breast cancer who were not receiving chemotherapy, and 32 patients with breast cancer who were receiving chemotherapy. Blood samples were assayed to evaluate serum levels of the following cytokines: interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-12 (p70), IL-1β, IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-6, and IL-17A. Depression severity was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire.

Results
After adjustment for sociodemographics, consistent patterns of the association between cytokine and depression were noted in the different groups. No significant associations were observed in the controls. Inverse associations were observed between cytokines levels and depression severity in patients with breast cancer who were not receiving chemotherapy, whereas positive associations were noted in patients with breast cancer who were receiving chemotherapy. Specific differential relationships between IL-5 levels and depression severity were found between patients with breast cancer who were receiving and not receiving chemotherapy.

Conclusions
Our study revealed differential relationships between cytokine levels and depression severity with the development of cancer. Immunostimulation and immunosuppression in breast cancer and cancer treatment may account for the differential responses with the development of breast cancer.
Relationship between pulmonary function and albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with preserved renal function
Authors: He Yun-Yun , Chen Zhe , Fang Xiang-Yang , Chang Jing , Lu Yong , Wang Xiao-Juan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Albuminuria is the early manifestation of the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The current study was to investigate the relationship of pulmonary function with albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with preserved renal function to evaluate the role of pulmonary function in the early stage of DN.

Methods
A total of 326 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) including 270 without albuminuria and 56 with albuminuria, and 265 non-diabetic patients were enrolled. The patients’ general information, and the parameters of pulmonary function, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, total lung capacity (TLC), diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of lung (DLCO) were compared between T2DM and control groups, as well as T2DM patients with and without albuminuria groups. All pulmonary function parameters were expressed as a percentage of those predicted (%pred). Logistic regression models were constructed to test the association of albuminuria and pulmonary function.

Results
The values of FVC%pred, FEV1%pred, TLC%pred and DLCO%pred were lower, and the proportion of subjects with FVC%pred < 80, FEV1%pred < 80, and DLCOc%pred < 80 was higher in T2DM subjects than controls (all P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis of diabetic patients showed that the values of FVC%pred, FEV1%pred, TLC%pred, and DLCOc%pred (97.18 ± 13.45, 93.95 ± 14.51, 90.64 ± 9.97, 87.27 ± 13.13, respectively) were significantly lower in T2DM subjects with albuminuria than those without albuminuria (103.94 ± 14.12, 99.20 ± 14.25, 93.79 ± 10.36, 92.62 ± 13.45, all P < 0.05). There was a significantly negative correlation between the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and DLCOc%pred (r = − 0.143, P = 0.010) in spearman linear correlation test. In logistic regression analysis, the FVC%pred (OR 0.965, 95%CI 0.944–0.988), FEV1%pred (OR 0.975, 95%CI 0.954–0.996), and DLCOc%pred (OR 0.974, 95%CI 0.951–0.998) were independently associated with albuminuria after adjustments for smoking index, duration, HbA1c, FBG, and TG.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrated albuminuria is associated with a restrictive pulmonary function as well as pulmonary diffusion function in T2DM with preserved renal function, which remind us to be alert of the pulmonary function decline even in the early stage of DN.
Flavonoids isolated from the South African weed Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) have pharmacological activity against uropathogens
Authors: Omokhua-Uyi Aitebiremen G. , Abdalla Muna A. , Leonard Carmen M. , Aro Abimbola , Uyi Osariyekemwen O. , Van Staden Johannes , McGaw Lyndy J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by opportunistic pathogens are among the leading health challenges globally. Most available treatment options are failing as a result of antibiotic resistance and adverse effects. Natural sources such as plants may serve as promising alternatives.

Methods
Compounds were isolated from the South African weed Chromolaena odorata through column chromatography. Purified compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity using the p-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) colorimetric method, against uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans. Anti-biofilm, anti-adhesion and metabolic inhibition activities were investigated against selected strains. Safety of the compounds was determined against Vero monkey kidney, C3A human liver and colon (Caco2) cells.

Results
Four compounds identified as pectolinaringenin (1), (±)-4′,5,7-trimethoxy flavanone (2), 5-hydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (3) and 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone) (4) were isolated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) varied between 0.016 and 0.25 mg/mL. Compounds 2 and 3 showed promising antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. fumigatus and C. neoformans with MIC between 0.016 and 0.125 mg/mL, comparable to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and amphotericin B used as positive controls. Compounds 2 and 3 showed good anti-biofilm and metabolic inhibition activities against E. coli and S. aureus but weak anti-adhesion activity against the organisms. Low toxicity with selectivity indexes between 1 and 12.625 were recorded with the compounds, indicating that the compounds were rather toxic to the microbial strains and not to the human and animal cells.

Conclusion
Pharmacological activities displayed by compounds 2 and 3 isolated from C. odorata and low toxicity recorded credits it as a potential lead for the development of useful prophylactic treatments and anti-infective drugs against UTIs. Although known compounds, this is the first time these compounds have been isolated from the South African weed C. odorata and tested for antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, metabolic inhibition and anti-adhesion activities.
Managing residents in difficulty within CBME residency educational systems: a scoping review
Authors: Pirie Jonathan , St. Amant Lisa , Glover Takahashi Susan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Best practices in managing residents in difficulty (RID) in the era of competency-based medical education (CBME) are not well described. This scoping review aimed to inventory the current literature and identify major themes in the articles that address or employ CBME as part of the identification and remediation of residents in difficulty.

Methods
Articles published between 2011 to 2017 were included if they were about postgraduate medical education, RID, and offered information to inform the structure and/or processes of CBME. All three reviewers performed a primary screening, followed by a secondary screening of abstracts of the chosen articles, and then a final comprehensive sub-analysis of the 11 articles identified as using a CBME framework.

Results
Of 165 articles initially identified, 92 qualified for secondary screening; the 63 remaining articles underwent full-text abstracting. Ten themes were identified from the content analysis with “identification of RID” (41%) and “defining and classifying deficiencies” (30%) being the most frequent. In the CBME article sub-analysis, the most frequent themes were: need to identify RID (64%), improving assessment tools (45%), and roles and responsibilities of players involved in remediation (27%). Almost half of the CBME articles were published in 2016–2017.

Conclusions
Although CBME programs have been implemented for many years, articles have only recently begun specifically addressing RID within a competency framework. Much work is needed to describe the sequenced progression, tailored learning experiences, and competency-focused instruction. Finally, future research should focus on the outcomes of remediation in CBME programs.
Canine infantile left ventricular noncompaction
Authors: Vilcu Maria , Scurtu Iuliu , Ohad Dan G. , Papuc Ionel , Scurtu Laura , Tabaran Flaviu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare form of cardiomyopathy currently described in humans and cats. It consists of a spongy myocardium characterized by prominent trabeculation and deep recesses involving more than 50% of the ventricular thickness. We describe the clinical and pathological features of LVNC combined with tricuspid valve dysplasia, double-orifice tricuspid valve and severe pulmonary stenosis in a puppy. In addition, we briefly review the LVNC causes, pathogenesis, forms and current diagnostic criteria.

Case presentation
A seven-week-old intact German Shorthaired Pointer-cross male was presented with a poor body condition, exercise intolerance and dyspnea. Clinical exam identified a bilateral systolic murmur (grade IV/VI over the right heart base and grade III/VI over the left heart base). Echocardiography identified tricuspid valve dysplasia, mild mitral regurgitation, and severe pulmonic stenosis with a trans-valvar systolic pressure gradient of 106 mmHg. Left ventricular noncompaction was diagnosed by necropsy and further confirmed histopathologically by the presence of two distinct myocardial layers: an inner noncompacted zone covering more than 50% of ventricular thickness containing prominent trabeculation and deep recesses, and an outer zone of compact myocardium.

Conclusions
This is the first case describing LVNC in a canine patient, supporting the introduction of this form of heart disease as a differential diagnosis for cardiomyopathies in juvenile and adult dogs.
Discordance between the triglyceride glucose index and fasting plasma glucose or HbA1C in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention predicts cardiovascular events: a cohort study from China
Authors: Hu Chengping , Zhang Jianwei , Liu Jinxing , Liu Yan , Gao Ang , Zhu Yong , Zhao Yingxin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have investigated the relationship of the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index with the incidence of cardiovascular events. However, to date, there have been no studies comparing the predictive values of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA1C) and the TyG index for the risk of cardiovascular events. This study aimed to use discordance analysis to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of FPG, HbA1C and the TyG index to predict the risk of cardiovascular events.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with acute coronary disease (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled in this study. The TyG index was computed using the following formula: ln [fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × FPG (mg/dL)/2]. We categorized patients into 4 concordance/discordance groups. Discordance was defined as a TyG index equal to or greater than the median and an FPG or HbA1C less than the median, or vice versa. The primary outcome was the composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke and unplanned repeat revascularization. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was performed to estimate the risk of cardiovascular events according to the concordance/discordance groups. Sensitivity analysis was performed on each patient group divided into high or low categories for HbA1C or FPG and were repeated according to diabetes status.

Results
In total, 9285 patients were included in the final statistical analysis (male: 75.3%, age: 59.9 ± 10.05 years, BMI: 26.2 ± 9.21 kg/m2, diabetes: 43.9% and dyslipidemia: 76.8%). The medians defining concordance/discordance were 6.19 mmol/L for FPG, 6.1% for HbA1C and 8.92 for the TyG index. The TyG index was strongly related to triglycerides and HDL-C (r = 0.881 and -0.323, respectively; both P < 0.001). During the 17.4 ± 2.69 months of follow-up, there were 480 (5.1%) incident cardiovascular events. Among patients with a lower HbA1C or FPG, 15.6% and 16.3%, respectively, had a discordantly high TyG index and a greater risk of cardiovascular events compared with patients with a concordantly low TyG index after full adjustment (HR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.33–2.77; HR: 1.89, 95% CI 1.38–2.59; for HbA1C and FPG, respectively). Repeat risk estimation using high or low categories for FPG or HbA1C and diabetes status confirmed the results.

Conclusions
Patients with a discordantly high TyG index had a significantly greater risk of cardiovascular events regardless of diabetes status. The TyG index might be a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than FPG or HbA1C for patients with ACS undergoing PCI. This discordance may support better cardiovascular risk management regardless of diabetes status.
Analysis of the Iranian maternal mortality surveillance system and providing system improvement strategies: study protocol for strategy formulation
Authors: Beigi Marjan , Jahanian Sadatmahaleh Shahideh , Changizi Nasrin , Mohammadi Eesa , Kazemi Ashraf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe implementation of the maternal mortality surveillance system in Iran has significantly reduced the incidence of maternal mortality. However, the pattern of the causes of the mortalities, which has remained constant over the years, are still concerning. This study aimed to explain the experiences of the actors of the Iranian maternal mortality surveillance and provide strategies for improving this system.MethodsThis research is a qualitative study to develop strategies, that will be conducted in two phases. In the first phase, purposive sampling will be performed, and the data will be collected based on the experiences of the Iranian maternal mortality surveillance system actors in Iran’s Ministry of Health and the selected universities (Shiraz, Isfahan, Tehran, Zahedan, Alborz, Shahrekord) through semi-structured interviews. Moreover, during this phase, some part of the data will be collected through random participation of the researcher in some maternal mortality committees of the selected universities. In order to carry out the second phase, a panel of experts will be set up to discuss the best strategies for improving the Iranian maternal mortality surveillance by considering the above results.DiscussionThe analysis of maternal mortality surveillance system needs to evaluate the experiences of the actors who are the policymakers of this system and can be effective in identifying its challenges. This analysis and formulation of the subsequent strategies can lead to maternal health indicators remaining within the range of international standards or even beyond those standards in Iranian universities and countries with similar surveillance system.
Case report: one case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient co-infected by HIV with a normal CD4+ T cell count
Authors: Menghua Wu , Xin Zheng , Jianwei Liu , Yu Zhang , Qinwei Yao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 has been a severe pandemic all around the world. Nowadays the patient with co-infection of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 was rarely reported. Here we reported a special case with HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection, which showed a prolonged viral shedding duration.

Case presentation
The patient was infected with HIV 8 years ago through sexual transmission and had the normal CD4+T cell count. She was found SARS-CoV-2 positive using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) during the epidemic. Most importantly, the patient had a prolonged viral shedding duration of SARS-CoV-2 about 28 days.

Conclusion
The viral shedding duration may be prolonged in people living with HIV. The 14 days isolation strategy might not be long enough for them. The isolation or discharge of these patients needs further confirmation for preventing epidemics.
SLC14A1 (UT-B) gene rearrangement in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: a case report
Authors: Guo Zhongying , Niu Xiaobing , Fu Guangbo , Yang Baoxue , Chen Guangping , Sun Su’an 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBladder cancer (BC) is a common and deadly disease. Over the past decade, a number of genetic alterations have been reported in BC. Bladder urothelium expresses abundant urea transporter UT-B encoded bySlc14a1gene at 18q12.3 locus, which plays an important role in preventing high concentrated urea-caused cell injury. Early genome-wide association studies (GWAS) showed that UT-B gene mutations are genetically linked to the urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC). In this study, we examined whether Slc14a1gene has been changed in UBC, which has never been reported.Case presentationA 59-year-old male was admitted to a hospital with the complaint of gross hematuria for 6 days. Ultrasonography revealed a size of 2.8 × 1.7 cm mass lesion located on the rear wall and dome of the bladder. In cystoscopic examination, papillary tumoral lesions 3.0-cm in total diameter were seen on the left wall of the bladder and 2 cm to the left ureteric orifice. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed. Histology showed high-grade non-muscle invasive UBC. Immunostaining was negative for Syn, CK7, CK20, Villin, and positive for HER2, BRCA1, GATA3. Using a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH),Slc14a1gene rearrangement was identified by a pair of break-apart DNA probes.ConclusionsWe for the first time report a patient diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma accompanied with splitSlc14a1gene abnormality, a crucial gene in bladder.
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the kidney: a case report
Authors: Ertoy Baydar Dilek , Armutlu Ayse , Aydin Oguz , Dagdemir Ayhan , Yakupoglu Yarkin Kamil 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, aggressive neoplasm seen in children and young adults, usually manifested by involvement of abdominal serosa. Here, we present an unusual case of primary DSRCT of kidney.

Case presentation
The patient was an 8-year-old girl with a large renal mass which was confused with primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in the needle biopsy. The tumor had a variegated histology revealing frequent pseudo-rosette formations, pseudopapillary architecture, rhabdoid, clear or pleomorphic cells in addition to typical small round cell morphology and desmoplasia. It showed immunohistochemical features of DSRCT, and EWSR1 re-arrangement.

Conclusions
Proffering this diagnosis is particularly difficult for tumors of viscera because of the incognizance of the entity in these locations. Moreover, DSRCT is a great mimicker and may get easily confused with more common kidney malignancies of childhood such as Wilms tumor, PNET/EWS, rhabdoid tumor, clear cell sarcoma, and other small round cell tumors as well as renal cell carcinomas. The distinction is critical as the accurate therapeutic approach will require correct diagnosis.
SHiNeMaS: a web tool dedicated to seed lots history, phenotyping and cultural practices
Authors: De Oliveira Yannick , Burlot Laura , Dawson Julie C. , Goldringer Isabelle , Madi Darkawi , Rivière Pierre , Steinbach Delphine , van Frank Gaëlle , Thomas Mathieu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Motivation
In 2005, researchers from the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement, INRAE) started a collaboration with the French farmers’ seed network Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) on bread wheat participatory breeding (PPB). The aims were: (1) to study on-farm management of crop diversity, (2) to develop population-varieties adapted to organic and low-inputs agriculture, (3) to co-develop tools and methods adapted to on-farm experiments. In this project, researchers and farmers’ organizations needed to map the history and life cycle of the population-varieties using network formalism to represent relationships between seed lots. All this information had to be centralized and stored in a database.

Results
We describe here SHiNeMaS (Seeds History and Network Management System) a web tool database. SHiNeMaS aims to provide useful interfaces to track seed lot history and related data (phenotyping, environment, cultural practices). Although SHiNeMaS has been developed in the context of a bread wheat participatory breeding program, the database has been designed to manage any kind and even multiple cultivated plant species. SHiNeMaS is available under Affero GPL licence and uses free technologies such as the Python language, Django framework or PostgreSQL database management system (DBMS).

Conclusion
We developed SHiNeMaS, a web tool database, dedicated to the management of the history of seed lots and related data like phenotyping, environmental information and cultural practices. SHiNeMaS has been used in production in our laboratory for 5 years and farmers’ organizations facilitators manage their own information in the system.