bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfectionism, efficacy, and daily coping and affect in depression over 6 months
Authors: Richard Alexandra , Dunkley David M. , Zuroff David C. , Moroz Molly , Elizabeth Foley J. , Lewkowski Maxim , Myhr Gail , Westreich Ruta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined how perfectionism and efficacy impacted the maintenance of daily coping and affect in depression over six months.MethodForty‐six depressed patients (69.6% female, mean age = 41.11 years) completed measures of perfectionism dimensions (self‐critical, personal standards), efficacy, and depressive severity at Time 1. Participants then completed daily diaries of stress appraisals, coping, and affect for 7 consecutive days at Time 1 and Time 2, 6 months later.ResultsPerfectionism dimensions and efficacy were differentially correlated with appraisals, coping, and affect across Times 1 and 2. Behavioral disengagement tendencies mediated the relation between self‐critical perfectionism and daily negative affect over 6 months, controlling for depressive severity. Efficacy was related to daily positive affect over 6 months through problem‐focused coping tendencies.ConclusionsResults highlight the importance of addressing perfectionism, efficacy, and daily coping tendencies to more effectively reduce distress and bolster resilience in people with depression.
The impact of a cascade testing video on recipients’ knowledge, cognitive message processing, and affective reactions: A formative evaluation
Authors: Aeilts Amber M. , Carpenter Kristen M. , Hovick Shelly R. , Byrne Lindsey , Shoben Abigail B. , Senter Leigha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCascade genetic testing is essential to clarify cancer risk in families with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) due to pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1 or BRCA2. To date, data suggest that family communication of genetic testing results, with or without the aid of clinical resources such as a provider‐written family letter, is impacted by multiple barriers. These barriers eventually lead to sub‐optimal uptake of cascade genetic testing. We designed a 2‐min animated video that a proband can share with relatives to notify them that the proband has tested positive for a pathogenic variant in BRCA1 or BRCA2. We studied the video via hypothetical scenario in an unselected population to simulate the process by which a relative receives unsolicited genetics information about their family member. We assessed the impact of the video on three specific domains: knowledge, cognitive message processing, and affective reactions. A total of 399 participants recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk completed the study, and 373 were analyzed. The video significantly improved content knowledge/recall (p < .0001) from pre‐ to post‐video viewing, indicating effective message communication. Items used to measure cognitive processing showed preliminary tendencies toward systematic message processing, which could be desired in familial communication aimed at initiating a specific action—in this case, cascade genetic testing. A majority of participants (66%) reported positive affective reaction as they indicated that they would feel gratitude if they received the video message from a relative, and did not evidence a negative affective reaction to receiving the information. Our data suggest that a video message can effectively communicate information about cascade genetic testing to potential relatives with as little as two minutes of content. Our data suggest that video messaging to assist family communication is a reasonable approach that increases understanding and is unlikely to cause harm.
Preferences of Italian patients for return of secondary findings from clinical genome/exome sequencing
Authors: Godino Lea , Varesco Liliana , Bruno William , Bruzzone Carla , Battistuzzi Linda , Franiuk Marzena , Miccoli Sara , Bertonazzi Benedetta , Graziano Claudio , Seri Marco , Turchetti Daniela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExome/genome sequencing (ES/GS) is increasingly becoming routine in clinical genetic diagnosis, yet issues regarding how to disclose and manage secondary findings (SFs) remain to be addressed, and limited evidence is available on patients’ preferences. We carried out semi‐structured interviews with 307 individuals undergoing clinical genetic testing to explore their preferences for return of SFs in the hypothetical scenario that their test would be performed using ES/GS. Participants were 254 females (82.7%) and 53 males (17.3%), aged 18–86 years; 73.9% (81.1% of those with lower education levels) reported no prior knowledge of ES/GS. Prior knowledge of ES/GS was more common among patients tested for Mendelian conditions (34.5%), compared to those undergoing cancer genetic testing (22.3%) or carrier screening (7.4%). Despite this reported lack of knowledge, most participants (213, 69.6%) stated they would prefer to be informed of all possible results. Reasons in favor of disclosure included wanting to be aware of any risks (168; 83.6%) and to help relatives (23; 11.4%), but also hope that preventive measures might become available in the future (10, 5%). Conversely, potential negative impact on quality of life was the commonest motivation against disclosure. Among 179 participants seen for cancer genetic counseling who were interviewed again after test disclosure, 81.9% had not heard about ES/GS in the meantime; however, the proportion of participants opting for disclosure of any variants was lower (116; 64.8%), with 36 (20.1%) changing opinion compared to the first interview. Based on these findings, we conclude that genetic counseling for ES/GS should involve enhanced education and decision‐making support to enable informed consent to SFs disclosure.
Beyond the disease itself: A cross‐cutting educational initiative for patients and families with rare diseases
Authors: Rovira‐Moreno Eulàlia , Abuli Anna , Codina‐Sola Marta , Valenzuela Irene , Serra‐Juhe Clara , Cuscó Ivon , Borregán Mar , Cueto‐González Anna , Vendrell Teresa , López‐Grondona Fermina , Brun‐Gasca Carme , Brignani Eduardo , Martínez‐Ribot Laia , Garci‐Espejo Regla , Cruz Jordi , García‐Arumí Elena , Tizzano Eduardo F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRare diseases (RDs) as a whole affect a huge number of individuals although each specific condition comprises a low number of individuals. As a consequence, funds allocated to expand research to all conditions are often limited. Several initiatives have emerged to invest more resources for research in RDs, but patients express unmet needs regarding educational initiatives, awareness support, and psychosocial resources. We developed an educational training program in the format of weekly sessions covering basic medical scientific knowledge and psychosocial aspects of RDs. The aim of this initiative was to assess its overall impact regarding knowledge, psychological issues, and participant satisfaction. Items were evaluated through surveys before and after the sessions. Here, we report the experience and impact of two editions of this initiative with a total of 37 participants. Our results show improvements in knowledge and better management of the psychological impact. Moreover, participants were able to exchange experiences and concerns, most of which were shared even though the RDs were different. Overall, the program was evaluated by the participants as a highly beneficial experience and all of them were interested in attending advanced editions.
Canonical double covers of generalized Petersen graphs, and double generalized Petersen graphs
Authors: Qin Yan‐Li , Xia Binzhou , Zhou Sanming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe canonical double cover of a graph is the direct product of and . If then is called stable; otherwise is called unstable. An unstable graph is said to be nontrivially unstable if it is connected, non‐bipartite and no two vertices have the same neighborhood. In 2008 Wilson conjectured that, if the generalized Petersen graph is nontrivially unstable, then both and are even, and either is odd and , or . In this note we prove that this conjecture is true. At the same time we determine all possible isomorphisms among the generalized Petersen graphs, the canonical double covers of the generalized Petersen graphs, and the double generalized Petersen graphs. Based on these we completely determine the full automorphism group of the canonical double cover of for any pair of integers with .
Design, synthesis, and antifungal evaluation of novel coumarin‐pyrrole hybrids
Authors: Zhang Shuguang , Tan Xin , Liang Chaogen , Zhang Weihua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA series of coumarin derivatives bearing a pyrrole scaffold were designed, prepared, and assessed for their in vitro antifungal activities against six phytopathogenic fungi. The antifungal activity screening results suggest that some synthesized hybrids exhibited potential fungicidal activities against the tested fungi. In particular, compounds 6j, 6k, 6o, 6p, and 6r displayed significant antifungal effects against Rhizoctorzia solani, and possessed EC50 values of 3.94, 7.75, 6.38, 6.25, and 7.67 μg/ mL, respectively. The above activities are more potent than the commercialized fungicide Boscalid (11.52 μg/mL) and Osthole (9.79 μg/mL). These results provide a significant reference for further rational design of coumarin‐based fungicides.
An epilepsy‐associated ACTL6B variant captures neuronal hyperexcitability in a human induced pluripotent stem cell model
Authors: Ahn Lucie Y. , Coatti Giuliana C. , Liu Jingyi , Gumus Evren , Schaffer Ashleigh E. , Miranda Helen C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractACTL6B is a component of the neuronal BRG1/brm‐associated factor (nBAF) complex, which is required for chromatin remodeling in postmitotic neurons. We recently reported biallelic pathogenic variants in ACTL6B in patients diagnosed with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, subtype 76 (EIEE‐76), presenting with severe, global developmental delay, epileptic encephalopathy, cerebral atrophy, and abnormal central nervous system myelination. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying their phenotype is unknown. Here, we investigate the molecular pathogenesis of ACTL6B p.(Val421_Cys425del) using in silico 3D protein modeling predictions and patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons. We found neurons derived from EIEE‐76 patients showed impaired accumulation of ACTL6B compared to unaffected relatives, caused by reduced protein stability. Furthermore, EIEE‐76 patient‐derived neurons had dysregulated nBAF target gene expression, including genes important for neuronal development and disease. Multielectrode array system analysis unveiled elevated electrophysiological activity of EIEE‐76 patients‐derived neurons, consistent with the patient phenotype. Taken together, our findings validate a new model for EIEE‐76 and reveal how reduced ACTL6B expression affects neuronal function.
Paper‐based surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensors for field applications
Authors: Tay Li‐Lin , Poirier Shawn , Ghaemi Ali , Hulse John , Wang Shiliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPaper‐based surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensors can be fabricated easily by dropcasting or inkjet printing colloidal Au nanoparticles onto cellulose‐based filter papers. They are flexible, economical, and sensitive and provide the crucial advantage of point‐of‐need sampling for application in the field. In this study, paper‐based SERS sensors are fabricated through inkjet printing of a colloidal Au sol onto a filter paper substrate. We have characterized their SERS performances with benzenethiol and pyridine molecules using a handheld Raman analyzer. Due to the heterogeneous loading of the Au nanoclusters on the paper substrate, we introduce the concept of receiver operating characteristic as an alternate measurand to quantify the performance of these sensors. With their inherent filtration sampling capability, we demonstrate the use of paper SERS sensors for the detection of chemical aerosols. Lastly, we present the use of a precision materials printer to deposit quantifiable amounts of analyte (fentanyl) uniformly across the active sensing area of a paper SERS sensor. This will allow for analyte‐loaded certified references to be prepared and used in the field as standards for comparison.
Automated weak signal extraction of hyperspectral Raman imaging data by adaptive low‐rank matrix approximation
Authors: He Hao , Lin Chun , Zong Cheng , Xu Mengxi , Zheng Peng , Ye Ruiqian , Wang Lei , Ren Bin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHyperspectral Raman imaging has emerged as a promising spectroscopic tool that can provide spatial and molecular information of the sample in a label‐free and noninvasive manner, which is very suitable to the biological and biomedical research. However, the intrinsically weak Raman scattering effect results in the low signal quality of the measured Raman spectra, which has largely limited the application of Raman imaging. In this paper, we develop an adaptive low‐rank matrix approximation method to automatically extract the signal from the noisy hyperspectral Raman imaging data. After spike removal, the hyperspectral Raman imaging data are decomposed into a linear combination of submatrices by singular value decomposition. Next, the submatrices are classified into positive and negative groups according to the SNR contribution. The negative group, reflecting the instrumental noise, is discarded, and the positive group is used to reconstruct the denoised signal. We prove on the simulated data that this algorithm can significantly decrease the normalized mean noise error from 34.35% down to 1.9%. Such a strong denoising performance enables it to efficiently extract the signal from the noisy hyperspectral Raman imaging data, especially under the low SNR condition. We finally apply this algorithm to the fast speed Raman imaging of HeLa cell and surprisingly find that the slight difference of the spectra can be differentiated after signal extraction. This algorithm offers a promising tool in the Raman imaging and also can be extended to other spectroscopic imaging platforms such as fluorescent and IR spectroscopy.
Is sugar extracted from plants less healthy than sugar consumed within plant tissues? The sugar anomaly
Authors: Qi Xin , Tester Richard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere are dilemmas in the minds of consumers with respect to sugar consumption – they would like to consume sugars for sweetness, but in a healthy (and perhaps guilt free!) way. In a sense, consumers believe that if sugar does not appear as an ingredient on the product label, but is intrinsic in the food (and will appear as a nutrient), it is ‘good’. As an ingredient, however, it is viewed as a ‘bad chemical’ associated with tooth decay and obesity. The reality is that unless processing induced modifications have occurred, the sugar molecule within a plant tissue is the same molecule structure as present in purified sugar. The same calorific value. However, there is an argument that humans eat too refined food and that if sugars were eaten in their natural context (e.g. within a fruit), their presence and concentration would be in harmony (where different nutrients complement and balance the sugar concentration) with the human body. This reflects the process of eating, satiety, presence of other nutrients (including water) and the associated impact of the indigestible components of plant foods on the transit/nutrient bioavailability control and thus benefits through the gut. The authors explore these issues in this article and seek to provide a scientific basis to different sides of the argument – sugar is good or bad depending on how (in which format and how much/how concentrated) it is consumed. More importantly perhaps, how should sugar consumption – an important nutrient – be managed to optimize the benefits but reduce the disadvantages? © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Penicillic acid in fruits: method development, validation by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and survey in southern China
Authors: Guan Wenbi , You Yingxin , Li Jialing , Hong Jiaying , Wu Haiying , Rao Yanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPenicillic acid (PA) is produced by Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., which are common postharvest and storage fungi of fruits. PA can be of concern for human health because of its toxicity and high fruit consumption by the population. However, no data on PA occurrence in various fruits have yet been reported. A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) approach for PA determination in various fruits was developed and applied to explore PA incidence in fruits.RESULTSThe modified QuEChERS procedure with extraction by ethyl acetate and purification by multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), primary secondary amine (PSA) and octadecyl silane (C18) was established to determine PA in various fruits by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). The average recoveries were 72.9–102.2% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.3–7.9%. A total of 161 fruits samples, including kiwi, apple, peach, grape and mandarin/orange, were collected in southern China. The incidence of PA in fruits was 14.9% and the levels of PA contamination were 0.200–0.596 μg kg−1. Our results suggested that orange/mandarin, grape and kiwi were favorable matrices for Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. to produce PA, rather than peach and apple.CONCLUSIONTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about PA contamination in various fruits in China. Our study emphasizes the necessity of the current established method, which could be used for continuous monitoring of PA and reducing the health risk to Chinese consumers. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of tri‐frequency ultrasound‐ethanol pretreatment combined with infrared convection drying on the quality properties and drying characteristics of scallion stalk
Authors: Zhou Cunshan , Wang Zezhi , Wang Xule , Yagoub Abu EA , Ma Haile , Sun Yanhui , Yu Xiaojie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDHaving short drying time and attractive product quality are important in fruit and vegetable dehydration processing. In this work, tri‐frequency (20, 40 and 60 kHz) ultrasound‐ethanol pretreatment, ultrasound‐water pretreatment and ethanol pretreatment were employed before infrared convection drying (ICD) of scallion stalks, which was aimed at improving the drying process and quality of the end products. The mass transfer, drying characteristics (moisture ratio and drying rate and quality properties of scallion (rehydration, color, flavor, optical microscope image, moisture distribution and microbiological quality) were analyzed.RESULTSAll pretreatments have decreased the drying time by 33.34–83.34% compared to the control, while ultrasound‐ethanol pretreatment provided the highest time reduction (83.34%). The reason is that the volatility of ethanol have replaced air in the tissue, which produced a better osmotic dehydration effect and the cavitation effect of ultrasound changed the cell function of the material, so that the food tissue was rapidly compressed and expanded, resulting in damage to the cell structure. Ultrasonic‐ethanol pretreatment has greatly reduced the water loss and dry matter of fresh scallion, improved the rehydration effect of dried scallion, better retained the color and flavor of scallion and effectively reduced the microbiological quality of the scallion.CONCLUSIONThe tri‐frequency ultrasound‐ethanol pretreatment has effectively improved the drying process and quality characteristics of the dried scallion. Therefore, this research has a great contribution to the drying technology, as evident in the remarkable reduction in drying time and the improvement in the quality of the end product. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Spatial mapping of collagen content and structure in human intervertebral disk degeneration
Authors: Zeldin Lawrence , Mosley Grace E. , Laudier Damien , Gallate Zachary S. , Gansau Jennifer , Hoy Robert C. , Poeran Jashvant , Iatridis James C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCollagen plays a key structural role in both the annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) of intervertebral disks (IVDs). Changes in collagen content with degeneration suggest a shift from collagen type II to type I within the NP, and the activation of pro‐inflammatory factors is indicative of fibrosis throughout. While IVD degeneration is considered a fibrotic process, an increase in collagen content with degeneration, reflective of fibrosis, has not been demonstrated. Additionally, changes in collagen content and structure in human IVDs with degeneration have not been characterized with high spatial resolution. The collagen content of 23 human lumbar L2/3 or L3/4 IVDs was quantified using second harmonic generation imaging (SHG) and multiple image processing algorithms, and these parameters were correlated with the Rutges histological degeneration grade. In the NP, SHG intensity increased with degeneration grade, suggesting fibrotic collagen deposition. In the AF, the entropy of SHG intensity was reduced with degeneration indicating increased collagen uniformity and suggesting less‐organized lamellar structure. Collagen orientation entropy decreased throughout most IVD regions with increasing degeneration grade, further supporting a loss in collagen structural complexity. Overall, SHG imaging enabled visualization and quantification of IVD collagen content and organization with degeneration. There was an observed shift from an initially complex structure to more uniform structure with loss of microstructural elements and increased NP collagen polarity, suggesting fibrotic remodeling.
The role oftour‐operatorsas intermediaries of tourists' preferences for corporate social responsibility
Authors: Araña Jorge E. , León Carmelo J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the potential gap in Tour Operators (TOs) assessments of tourists' preferences for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in tourism. It utilizes discrete choice experiments to assess both tourists and TOs preferences. Results show that TOs understand tourists' average preferences for CSR policies but fail to predict the heterogeneity of preferences. Three market segments were found, with different preferences, socio‐economic backgrounds, spending levels, and source regions. The results can help explain the lag of tourism companies in undertaking some of the CSR policies that might be of interest to tourists, and might assist the development of more sustainable tourism.
In search of fresher air: The influence of relative air quality on vacationers' perceptions of destinations' restorative qualities
Authors: Yang Yang , Chen Ganghua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to unveil the effects of relative air quality on vacationers' perceived destination restorative qualities. Using survey‐based data and second‐hand air quality data, our regression results showed a higher level of relative air pollution was associated with vacationers' lower evaluations of a destination's “physically away” quality. These effects were moderated by the number of visits to the destination and travel distance. We found that vacationers' evaluations of the “physically away” quality were also damaged by higher relative levels of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2. This study contributes to the literature on relationships between air quality and tourist destination experience.