bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balance task difficulty affects postural sway and cortical activity in healthy adolescents
Authors: Gebel Arnd , Lehmann Tim , Granacher Urs 
Published: April 2020

AbstractElectroencephalographic (EEG) research indicates changes in adults’ low frequency bands of frontoparietal brain areas executing different balance tasks with increasing postural demands. However, this issue is unsolved for adolescents when performing the same balance task with increasing difficulty. Therefore, we examined the effects of a progressively increasing balance task difficulty on balance performance and brain activity in adolescents. Thirteen healthy adolescents aged 16–17 year performed tests in bipedal upright stance on a balance board with six progressively increasing levels of task difficulty. Postural sway and cortical activity were recorded simultaneously using a pressure sensitive measuring system and EEG. The power spectrum was analyzed for theta (4–7 Hz) and alpha-2 (10–12 Hz) frequency bands in pre-defined frontal, central, and parietal clusters of electrocortical sources. Repeated measures analysis of variance (rmANOVA) showed a significant main effect of task difficulty for postural sway (p < 0.001;d = 6.36). Concomitantly, the power spectrum changed in frontal, bilateral central, and bilateral parietal clusters. RmANOVAs revealed significant main effects of task difficulty for theta band power in the frontal (p < 0.001,d = 1.80) and both central clusters (left:p < 0.001,d = 1.49; right:p < 0.001,d = 1.42) as well as for alpha-2 band power in both parietal clusters (left:p < 0.001,d = 1.39; right:p < 0.001,d = 1.05) and in the central right cluster (p = 0.005,d = 0.92). Increases in theta band power (frontal, central) and decreases in alpha-2 power (central, parietal) with increasing balance task difficulty may reflect increased attentional processes and/or error monitoring as well as increased sensory information processing due to increasing postural demands. In general, our findings are mostly in agreement with studies conducted in adults. Similar to adult studies, our data with adolescents indicated the involvement of frontoparietal brain areas in the regulation of postural control. In addition, we detected that activity of selected brain areas (e.g., bilateral central) changed with increasing postural demands.
Comparison of Lobectomy and Total Thyroidectomy in Unilateral Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Patients with Ipsilateral Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis Without Gross Extrathyroidal Extension
Authors: Song Jianlu , Qiu Wangwang , Yan Ting , Wu Bo , Guo Minggao , Fan Youben , Yang Zhili 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) occurs in a few of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) cases by the time of diagnosis. Total thyroidectomy (TT) is recommended in the 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines as the initial surgical procedure for thyroid carcinoma patients with clinically apparent cervical lymph node metastasis. However, none of the controlled studies have focused on the proper extent of surgery for patients who have PTMC with concomitant LLNM without gross extrathyroidal extension (ETE).MethodsA total of 2373 consecutive patients with PTMC were retrospectively reviewed. Finally, 129 unilateral PTMC patients with ipsilateral LLNM without gross ETE were enrolled in this study and classified into two groups: those who underwent unilateral lobectomy (LT) plus lymph node dissection (LND) (Group I) and those who underwent TT plus LND (Group II). Surgical outcomes and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) during the follow‐up period were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were 62 patients in Group I and 67 patients in Group II. Cases in Group II had a longer median operation time (150 min vs. 120 min, p < 0.001) and a higher incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism (p < 0.001), especially permanent hypoparathyroidism, than cases in Group I. But the RFS showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.6005) between the two groups during a median follow‐up period of 60 months.ConclusionThyroid LT alone plus ipsilateral LND may be an optimum initial procedure for unilateral PTMC patients with ipsilateral LLNM without gross ETE. A long‐term follow‐up, prospective, randomized controlled trial is warranted.
Should We Consider the Resected Lung Volume in Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax?
Authors: Jeon Hyun Woo , Kim Young‐Du , Sim Sung Bo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough bullectomy is the most curative treatment in primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), postoperative recurrence is not uncommon. New bulla formation at the staple line is the most common cause of recurrence. However, the mechanism is not known. We believe that the pressure gradient plays the main role in new bulla formation. A large resection amount induces a prolonged pressure gradient for obliteration of the residual space. This study aimed to identify the association between resected lung volume and recurrence.MethodsThe medical records of patients who underwent video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) bullectomy were reviewed between October 2010 and December 2017. A total of 396 patients underwent surgery for spontaneous pneumothorax. The electronic medical records (EMRs) of the patients were reviewed. Patients with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax were excluded. Patients who were diagnosed with emphysema on CT were excluded. Patients with PSP were excluded from the study if the bulla was not located in the apex or if there was no ruptured bulla at the time of the operation. Patients who lacked EMRs were also excluded. We reviewed the medical records of 276 patients. The apical resected lung volume was estimated using a conical volumetric formula with the use of the specimen size. The risk factors for postoperative recurrence were analyzed.ResultsThe median age was 19 years old (range 13–36). A total of 261 patients were male (94.6%). The median body weight and body mass index (BMI) were 58 kg (range 40–82) and 18.92 (range 15.21–26.47), respectively. In 24 patients, both sides were operated on simultaneously. The resected lung volume was obtained by using a conical volumetric formula, and the value was divided by the BMI value. The median value was 1.43 (0.03–5.67). The median operative time was 35 min (range 15–120). The median postoperative day was 4 (range 2–12). Age (p = 0.006), the value of the resected lung volume divided by BMI (p = 0.003), bilateral bullectomy (p = 0.013) and transverse diameter (p = 0.034) were associated with postoperative recurrence according to the univariate analysis. According to the multivariate analysis, age and the value of the lung volume divided by BMI were significant risk factors for postoperative recurrence.ConclusionsYounger age and a large resected lung volume and a low BMI are associated with postoperative recurrence after VATS bullectomy for PSP.
5-Aminouracil and other inhibitors of DNA replication induce biphasic interphase–mitotic cells in apical root meristems of Allium cepa
Authors: Żabka Aneta , Winnicki Konrad , Polit Justyna Teresa , Bernasińska-Słomczewska Joanna , Maszewski Janusz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Key message
Induction of biphasic interphase–mitotic cells and PCC is connected with an increased level of metabolism in root meristem cells of Allium cepa.

Abstract
Previous experiments using primary roots of Allium cepa exposed to low concentrations of hydroxyurea have shown that long-term DNA replication stress (DRS) disrupts essential links of the S–M checkpoint mechanism, leading meristem cells either to premature chromosome condensation (PCC) or to a specific form of chromatin condensation, establishing biphasic organization of cell nuclei with both interphase and mitotic domains (IM cells). The present study supplements and extends these observations by describing general conditions under which both abnormal types of M-phase cells may occur. The analysis of root apical meristem (RAM) cell proliferation after prolonged mild DRS indicates that a broad spectrum of inhibitors is capable of generating PCC and IM organization of cell nuclei. These included: 5-aminouracil (5-AU, a thymine antagonist), characterized by the highest efficiency in creating cells with the IM phenotype, aphidicolin (APH), an inhibitor of DNA polymerase α, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), an inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase, methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid analog that inhibits purine and pyrimidine synthesis, and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), which inhibits DNA replication by forming cleavage complexes with topoisomerase I. As evidenced using fluorescence-based click chemistry assays, continuous treatment of onion RAM cells with 5-AU is associated with an accelerated dynamics of the DNA replication machinery and significantly enhanced levels of transcription and translation. Furthermore, DRS conditions bring about an intensified production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), and some increase in DNA fragmentation, associated with only a slight increase in apoptosis-like programmed cell death events.
Does pre-operative multifidus morphology on MRI predict clinical outcomes in adults following surgical treatment for degenerative lumbar spine disease? A systematic review
Authors: Jermy Joe E. , Copley Phil C. , Poon Michael T. C. , Demetriades Andreas K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aim
Low back pain (LBP) resulting from degenerative lumbar spine disease is a leading contributor to global disability. Changes in the morphology of the lumbar multifidus muscle on magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) are associated with worse LBP and disability, but the association between multifidus morphology and post-operative outcomes is not known. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between pre-operative multifidus morphology and post-operative changes in pain and disability.

Methods
We performed a systematic search using the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus databases covering the period from January 1946 to January 2018. The literature was searched and assessed by independent reviewers according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. All relevant papers were assessed for risk of bias according to the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool.

Results
The initial search yielded 436 studies, of which 6 studies were included in the analysis. Four studies were at a low risk of bias. These studies included a total of 873 patients undergoing spinal surgery. An association between low fat infiltration and greater improvement in LBP and disability following surgery was identified. There was insufficient evidence to identify a relationship between cross-sectional area (CSA) and LBP or disability.

Conclusions
This systematic review found evidence for an association between low multifidus fat infiltration on MRI at baseline and greater reductions in measures of LBP and disability following surgical treatment. There is also limited evidence for an association between larger pre-operative multifidus CSA and improvements in disability, but not pain. The findings of this review should be interpreted with caution due to the small quantity of the available literature.
The Hoyle Family: The Search for Alpha-Condensate States in Light Nuclei
Authors: Smith R. , Bishop J. , Hirst J. , Kokalova Tz. , Wheldon C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOur present understanding of the structure of the Hoyle state in $$^{12}$$12C and other near-threshold states in $$\alpha $$α-conjugate nuclei is reviewed in the framework of the $$\alpha $$α-condensate model. The $$^{12}$$12C Hoyle state, in particular, is a candidate for $$\alpha $$α-condensation, due to its large radius and $$\alpha $$α-cluster structure. The predicted features of nuclear $$\alpha $$α-particle condensates are reviewed along with a discussion of their experimental indicators, with a focus on precision break-up measurements. Two experiments are discussed in detail, firstly concerning the break-up of $$^{12}$$12C and then the decays of heavier nuclei. With more theoretical input, and increasingly complex detector setups, precision break-up measurements can, in principle, provide insight into the structures of states in $$\alpha $$α-conjugate nuclei. However, the commonly-held belief that the decay of a condensate state will result in N$$\alpha $$α-particles is challenged. We further conclude that unambiguously characterising excited states built on $$\alpha $$α-condensates is difficult, despite improvements in detector technology.
Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions in Transitional Rectangular Duct Flows
Authors: Lusher David J. , Sandham Neil D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractShock-wave/boundary-layer interactions (SBLI) are an important feature of high-speed gas dynamics. In many numerical studies of SBLI span-periodicity is assumed to reduce computational complexity. However, span-periodicity is not a valid assumption for aeronautical applications such as supersonic engine intakes where lateral confinement leads to highly three-dimensional behaviour. In this work transitional oblique SBLI are simulated for a rectangular duct with a $$\theta _{sg} = 5^{\circ }$$

θ

sg

=

5
∘

shock generator ramp at Mach 2. The baseline configuration is a duct with an aspect ratio of 0.5. Time-dependent disturbances are added to the base laminar flow via wall localised blowing/suction strips to obtain intermittent transition upstream of the SBLI. Two forcing configurations are evaluated to assess the response of the SBLI to different tripping locations. The transition is observed to develop first in the low-momentum corners of the duct and spread out in a wedge shape. The central separation bubble is seen to react dynamically to oncoming turbulent spots, shifting laterally across the span. While instantaneous corner separations do occur, the time-averaged corner flow remains attached. Comparisons to a one-to-one aspect ratio duct show that the SBLI is heavily dependent on aspect ratio; the wider duct exhibited significantly larger regions of flow-reversal due to a strengthened interaction.
Aerodynamic Effects of Uniform Blowing and Suction on a NACA4412 Airfoil
Authors: Atzori Marco , Vinuesa Ricardo , Fahland Georg , Stroh Alexander , Gatti Davide , Frohnapfel Bettina , Schlatter Philipp 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe carried out high-fidelity large-eddy simulations to investigate the effects of uniform blowing and uniform suction on the aerodynamic efficiency of a NACA4412 airfoil at the moderate Reynolds number based on chord length and incoming velocity of $$Re_c=200{,}000$$

R

e
c

=
200
,
000

. We found that uniform blowing applied at the suction side reduces the aerodynamics efficiency, while uniform suction increases it. This result is due to the combined impact of blowing and suction on skin friction, pressure drag and lift. When applied to the pressure side, uniform blowing improves aerodynamic efficiency. The Reynolds-number dependence of the relative contributions of pressure and friction to the total drag for the reference case is analysed via Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations up to $$Re_c=10{,}000{,}000$$

R

e
c

=
10
,
000
,
000

. The results suggest that our conclusions on the control effect can tentatively be extended to a broader range of Reynolds numbers.
Early Motor Differences in Infants at Elevated Likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors:   and the BASIS/STAARS Team, Begum Ali Jannath , Charman Tony , Johnson Mark H. , Jones Emily J. H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigated infant’s manual motor behaviour; specifically behaviours crossing the body midline. Infants at elevated likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) produced fewer manual behaviours that cross the midline compared to infants with a typical likelihood of developing these disorders; however this effect was limited to 10-month-olds and not apparent at age 5 and 14 months. Although, midline crossing did not predict ASD traits, it was related to ADHD traits at 2 years of age. We rule out motor ability and hand dominance as possible explanations for this pattern of behaviour, positing that these results may be a consequence of multisensory integration abilities, and the neurobehavioural shift period, in the first year of life.
Understanding How Parents Make Meaning of Their Child’s Behaviors During Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Longitudinal Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Mackie Thomas I. , Schaefer Ana J. , Ramella Leah , Carter Alice S. , Eisenhower Abbey , Jimenez Manuel E. , Fettig Angel , Sheldrick R. Christopher 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA family’s journey in understanding their child’s behaviors in relation to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) frequently begins with screening. This study aimed to characterize the interpretive processes that unfold for parents. We employed longitudinal interviews with 19 families engaged in a community-based multi-stage screening protocol. Parents participated in 1–6 interviews dependent upon children’s length of engagement in the screening protocol; data were analyzed through modified grounded theory. Parents who moved towards understanding their child’s behaviors as ASD expressed (1) sensitization to ASD symptoms, (2) differentiation from other developmental conditions, and (3) use of the ASD diagnosis to explain the etiology of concerning behaviors. Identifying interpretive processes involved during ASD screening provides new opportunities for shared decision-making.
Molecular circumscription of new species of Gyrocotyle Diesing, 1850 (Cestoda) from deep-sea chimaeriform holocephalans in the North Atlantic
Authors: Bray Rodney A. , Waeschenbach Andrea , Littlewood D. Timothy J. , Halvorsen Odd , Olson Peter D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChimaeras, or ratfishes, are the only extant group of holocephalan fishes and are the sole host group of gyrocotylidean cestodes, which represent a sister group of the true tapeworms (Eucestoda). These unique, non-segmented cestodes have been known since the 1850s and multiple species and genera have been erected despite a general agreement that the delineation of species on the basis of morphology is effectively impossible. Thus, in the absence of molecular studies, the validity of gyrocotylid taxa and their specific host associations has remained highly speculative. Here we report the presence ofGyrocotylespp. from rarely-caught deep-sea chimaeras collected in the North-East Atlantic, and describe two new species:G. haffiin. sp. from the bent-nose chimaera,Harriota raleighanaGoode & Bean, andG. discoveryin. sp. from the large-eyed rabbit fish,Hydrolagus mirabilis(Collett). Nuclear ribosomal sequence data were generated for individual parasites taken from different host species collected on different dates and from different localities and were combined with previously published sequences. Phylogenetic analyses supported the recognition of independent lineages and clusters, indicative of species, but were indecisive in recovering the root of the tree in analyses that included non-gyrocotylid outgroup taxa. The molecular data reveal variation not reflected in morphology and point to a complex picture of genetic divergence shaped by both isolation and migration in the deep-sea environment.
Spatial Interpolation of Gauge Measured Rainfall Using Compressed Sensing
Authors: Ryu Soorok , Song Joon Jin , Kim Yongku , Jung Sung-Hwa , Do Younghae , Lee GyuWon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, we suggest new spatial precipitation interpolation schemes using compressed sensing (CS), which is a new framework for signal acquisition and smart sensor design. Using CS, the precipitation maps are recovered in high resolution by obtaining sparse coefficients of radial basis functions(RBFs). Two types of methods are designed according to the construction methods of CS matrix. In the first type, the CS matrix is derived as the product of an m × n (n ≫ m) weights matrix of inverse distance weighting (IDW) and an n × n radial basis function (RBF) matrix. The second type of CS matrix consists of an m × n RBF matrix that depends on a few observation vectors and a number of n unknown vectors. The advantage of the proposed CS methods is that it can be represented at a high resolution because it is interpolated based on a large number of bases (or degrees of freedom). This prevents the variance value from being much smaller than the actual value due to interpolation using a few observation scales. To test our CS interpolation schemes, interpolation results were compared with IDW, Ordinary Kriging (OK) and RBF interpolation methods for analytic test function and some actual rainfall data. In the case of an analytic test function, when the proposed method is compared at high resolution, the error from the true value is the smallest. In real rainfall data, comparison with real values is not possible at high resolutions, but the error with the observed data is the smallest in terms of ‘spatial variogram’. In addition, the proposed CS method generates hight resolution data from rainfall cases, showing promising results when identifying peaks.
Bioactive properties of streptomyces may affect the dominance of Tricholoma matsutake in shiro
Authors: Vaario Lu-Min , Asamizu Shumpei , Sarjala Tytti , Matsushita Norihisa , Onaka Hiroyasu , Xia Yan , Kurokochi Hiroyuki , Morinaga Shin-Ichi , Huang Jian , Zhang Shijie , Lian Chunlan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTricholoma matsutake is known to be the dominant fungal species in matsutake fruitbody neighboring (shiro) soil. To understand the mechanisms behind matsutake dominance, we studied the bacterial communities in matsutake dominant shiro soil and non-shiro soil, isolated the strains of Streptomyces from matsutake mycorrhizal root tips both from shiro soil and from the Pinus densiflora seedlings cultivated in shiro soil. Further, we investigated three Streptomyces spp. for their ability to inhibit fungal growth and Pinus densiflora seedling root elongation as well as two strains for their antifungal and antioxidative properties.Our results showed that Actinobacteria was the most abundant phylum in shiro soil. However, the differences in the Actinobacterial community composition (phylum or order level) between shiro and non-shiro soils were not significant, as indicated by PERMANOVA analyses. A genus belonging to Actinobacteria, Streptomyces, was present on the matsutake mycorrhizas, although in minority. The two antifungal assays revealed that the broths of three Streptomyces spp. had either inhibitory, neutral or promoting effects on the growth of different forest soil fungi as well as on the root elongation of the seedlings. The extracts of two strains, including one isolated from the P. densiflora seedlings, inhibited the growth of either pathogenic or ectomycorrhizal fungi. The effect depended on the medium used to cultivate the strains, but not the solvent used for the extraction. Two Streptomyces spp. showed antioxidant activity in one out of three assays used, in a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The observed properties seem to have several functions in matsutake shiro soil and they may contribute to the protection of the shiro area for T. matsutake dominance.