bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor-associated myeloid cells provide critical support for T-ALL
Authors: Lyu Aram , Triplett Todd A. , Nam Seo Hee , Hu Zicheng , Arasappan Dhivya , Godfrey Wesley H. , Ames Rachel Y. , Sarang Adviti , Selden Hilary J. , Lee Chang-Han , Georgiou George , Horton Terzah M. , Ehrlich Lauren I. R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Despite harboring mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors that promote cancer growth, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells require exogenous cells or signals to survive in culture. We previously reported that myeloid cells, particularly dendritic cells, from the thymic tumor microenvironment support the survival and proliferation of primary mouse T-ALL cells in vitro. Thus, we hypothesized that tumor-associated myeloid cells would support T-ALL in vivo. Consistent with this possibility, in vivo depletion of myeloid cells results in a significant reduction in leukemia burden in multiple organs in 2 distinct mouse models of T-ALL and prolongs survival. The impact of the myeloid compartment on T-ALL growth is not dependent on suppression of antitumor T-cell responses. Instead, myeloid cells provide signals that directly support T-ALL cells. Transcriptional profiling, functional assays, and acute in vivo myeloid-depletion experiments identify activation of IGF1R as a critical component of myeloid-mediated T-ALL growth and survival. We identify several myeloid subsets that have the capacity to directly support survival of T-ALL cells. Consistent with mouse models, myeloid cells derived from human peripheral blood monocytes activate IGF1R and directly support survival of primary patient T-ALL cells in vitro. Furthermore, enriched macrophage gene signatures in published clinical samples correlate with inferior outcomes for pediatric T-ALL patients. Collectively, these data reveal that tumor-associated myeloid cells provide signals critical for T-ALL growth in multiple organs in vivo and implicate tumor-associated myeloid cells and associated signals as potential therapeutic targets.
HIF-1 directly induces TET3 expression to enhance 5-hmC density and induce erythroid gene expression in hypoxia
Authors: Cao John Z. , Liu Hui , Wickrema Amittha , Godley Lucy A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In mammalian cells, cytosines found within cytosine guanine dinucleotides can be methylated to 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) by DNA methyltransferases and further oxidized by the Ten-eleven translocation dioxygenase (TET) enzymes to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC). We have previously shown that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with TET2 mutations have aberrant 5-hmC distribution and less erythroid differentiation potential. However, these experiments were performed under standard tissue culture conditions with 21% oxygen (O2), whereas HSPCs in human bone marrow reside in ∼1% O2. Therefore, to model human erythropoiesis more accurately, we compared 5-hmC distribution and gene expression in hypoxic vs normoxic conditions. Despite TET enzymes having limited O2 as a substrate in hypoxia, 5-hmC peaks were more numerous and pronounced than in normoxia. Among the TET genes, TET3 was upregulated specifically in hypoxia. We identified 2 HIF-1 binding sites in TET3 by chromatin immunoprecipitation of HIF-1α followed by sequencing, and TET3 upregulation was abrogated with deletion of both sites, indicating that TET3 is a direct HIF-1 target. Finally, we showed that loss of one or both of these HIF-1 binding sites in K562 cells disrupted erythroid differentiation in hypoxia and lowered cell viability. This work provides a molecular link between O2 availability, epigenetic modification of chromatin, and erythroid differentiation.
Stroke mimics in patients clinically diagnosed with stroke at a tertiary teaching hospital in Tanzania: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Matuja Sarah Shali , Khanbhai Khuzeima , Mahawish Karim M. , Munseri Patricia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Stroke mimics account for up to one-third of acute stroke admissions and are a heterogeneous entity which pose diagnostic challenges. Diagnosing such patients is however crucial to avoid delays in treatment and potentially harmful medication prescription. We aimed at describing the magnitude, clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes of stroke mimics in patients clinically diagnosed with a stroke.

Methods
This prospective study enrolled patients admitted with a World Health Organization clinical criteria for stroke at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. Baseline data was collected and the simplified version of the FABS scale was used to determine its usefulness in predicting stroke mimics. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and Modified Rankin Scale were used to assess for admission stroke severity and outcomes respectively.

Results
Among 363 patients with suspected stroke on admission, the final diagnosis was stroke mimics in 24 (6.6%) who had a mean age of 65.8 ± 15 years. Patients with stroke mimics were less likely to have cardiovascular risk factors for stroke including premorbid hypertension (7 (29.2%) vs 263 (77.6%), p < 0.001) and increased waist-hip ratio (9 (37.5%) vs 270 (79.6%) p < 0.001) for mimics and true strokes respectively. Clinical findings such as hypertension and the presence of cortical features in neurological examination occurred less in patients with stroke mimics. The simplified FABS score of ≥3 could identify patients with stroke mimics with a sensitivity and specificity of 38 and 80% respectively. The most common causes of mimics were brain tumors 6 (25%), meningoencephalitis 4 (16.7%) and epileptic seizures 3 (12.5%). The majority of patients with stroke mimics had severe disease on admission and the 30-day mortality in these patients was 54.5%.

Conclusions
In the present study, the proportion of stroke mimics among patients clinically diagnosed with stroke was 6.6% and brain tumors was a common etiology. Stroke mimics were less likely to have cardiovascular risk factors and cortical signs during evaluation. We recommend further studies that can help develop clinical scales used for predicting stroke mimics in an African population.
Early strategy of scepter XC balloon angioplasty and simultaneous Nimodipine infusion for vasospasm following ruptured aneurysm
Authors: Chen Chun-Ting , Chen Ching-Chang , Wang Alvin Yi-Chou , Wu Yi-Ming , Chin Shy-Chyi , Hsieh Po-Chuan , Yeap Mun-Chun , Hsu Shih-Yuan , Lin Ya-Jui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Cerebral vasospasm still results in high morbidity and mortality rates in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for the management of vasospasm and demonstrate our experience of angioplasty using the Scepter XC balloon catheter.

Methods
In this retrospective study, a computed tomography angiography and perfusion image was arranged if early symptoms occurred or on the 7th day following aneurysmal SAH. In patients with clear consciousness, balloon angioplasties were performed for symptomatic vasospasms, which were not improved within 6–12 h after maximal medical treatments. In unconscious patients, balloon angioplasties were performed for all patients with angiographic vasospasms.

Results
Fifty patients underwent Scepter XC balloon angioplasty among 396 consecutive patients who accepted endovascular or surgical treatments for ruptured aneurysms. All angioplasty procedures were successful without complications. 100% angiographic improvement and 94% clinical improvement were reached immediately after the angioplasties. A favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Score of ≤2) could be achieved in 82% of patients. Even in patients with poor clinical grading (Hunt–Hess grade 4–5), a clinical improvement rate of 87.5% and favorable outcome rate was 70.8% could be achieved.

Conclusion
Balloon angioplasty with Scepter XC balloon catheter is safe and effective for post-SAH vasospasm. This device’s extra-compliant characteristics could considerably improve the quality of angioplasty procedures. For all patients, even those with poor neurological status, early treatment with combined protocol of nimodipine and angioplasty can have good clinical outcomes.
Males are more sensitive to reward and less sensitive to loss than females among people with internet gaming disorder: fMRI evidence from a card-guessing task
Authors: Zhang Jialin , Hu Yan , Wang Ziliang , Wang Min , Dong Guang-Heng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Many studies have found an interesting issue in the Internet gaming disorder (IGD): males are always observed to be the majority. However, there are little research to exploring the differences in the neural mechanisms between males and females in decision-making process among people with IGD. Therefore, explore the reward/loss processing between different gender with IGD could help in understanding the underlying neural mechanism of IGD.

Methods
Data from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were collected from 111 subjects (IGD: 29 males, 25 females; recreational internet game user (RGU): 36 males, 21 females) while they were performing a card-guessing task. We collected and compared their brain features when facing the win and loss conditions in different groups.

Results
For winning conditions, IGD group showed hypoactivity in the lingual gyrus than RGU group, male players showed hyperactivity in the left caudate nucleus, bilateral cingulate gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), right precuneus and inferior parietal lobule relative to the females. And significant sex-by-group interactions results showed higher brain activities in the thalamus, parahippocampal gyrus and lower brain activities in Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) were observed in males with IGD than females. For losing conditions, IGD group showed hypoactivity in the left lingual gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) compared to the RGU group, male players showed hyperactive left caudate nucleus and hypoactive right middle occipital gyrus relative to females. And significant sex-by-group interactions results showed that compared to females with IGD, males with IGD showed decreased brain activities in the IFG and lingual gyrus.

Conclusions
First, there appeared to be no difference in reward processing between the IGD and RGU group, but IGD showed less sensitivity to loss. Secondly, male players showed more sensitivity to rewards and less sensitivity to losses. Last but not least, males and females showed opposite activation patterns in IGD degree and rewards/losses processing. And male IGD subjects are more sensitive to reward and less sensitive to loss than females, which might be the reason for the gender different rates on IGD.
Predicting developmental dysplasia of the hip in at-risk newborns
Authors: Roposch Andreas , Protopapa Evangelia , Malaga-Shaw Olivia , Gelfer Yael , Humphries Paul , Ridout Deborah , Wedge John H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The development of developmental dysplasia of the hip can be attributed to several risk factors and often in combination with each other. When predicting the likelihood of developing this condition, clinicians tend to over and underestimate its likelihood of occurring.
Therefore, the study aim is to determine among at-risk newborns how to best predict developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) within 8 weeks post-partum.

Methods
Prospective cohort study in secondary care. Patient population included newborns at-risk for DDH – we assessed 13,276 consecutive newborns for the presence of DDH risk factors. Only newborns with at least one of the predefined risk factors and those showing an abnormal examination of the hip were enrolled (n = 2191). For the development of a risk prediction model we considered 9 candidate predictors and other variables readily available at childbirth.
The main outcome measure was ultrasonography at a median age of 8 weeks using consensus diagnostic criteria; outcome assessors were blinded.

Results
The risk model includes four predictors: female sex (OR = 5.6; 95% CI: 2.9–10.9; P <  0.001); first degree family history of DDH (OR = 4.5; 95% CI: 2.3–9.0; P <  0.001), birthweight > 4000 g (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 0.6–4.2; P = 0.34), and abnormal examination of hip (OR = 58.8; 95% CI: 31.9, 108.5; P <  0.001). This model demonstrated excellent discrimination (C statistic = 0.9) and calibration of observed and predicted risk (P = 0.35). A model without the variable ‘hip examination’ demonstrated similar performance.

Conclusion
The risk model quantifies absolute risk of DDH within 8 weeks postpartum in at-risk newborns. Based on clinical variables readily available at the point of childbirth, the model will enhance parental counselling and could serve as the basis for real time decisions prior to discharge from maternity wards.
Medical termination for pregnancy in early first trimester (≤ 63 days) using combination of mifepristone and misoprostol or misoprostol alone: a systematic review
Authors: Abubeker Ferid A. , Lavelanet Antonella , Rodriguez Maria I. , Kim Caron 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
A wide range of drugs have been studied for first trimester medical abortion. Studies evaluating different regimens, including combination mifepristone and misoprostol and misoprostol alone regimens, show varying results related to safety, efficacy and other outcomes. Thus, the objectives of this systematic review were to compare the safety, effectiveness and acceptability of medical abortion and to compare medical with surgical methods of abortion ≤63 days of gestation.

Methods
Pubmed and EMBASE were systematically searched from database inception through January 2019 using a combination of MeSH, keywords and text words.
Randomized controlled trials on induced abortion at ≤63 days that compared different regimens of medical abortion using mifepristone and/or misoprostol and trials that compared medical with surgical methods of abortion were included.
We extracted data into a pre-designed form, calculated effect estimates, and performed meta-analyses where possible. The primary outcomes were ongoing pregnancy and successful abortion.

Results
Thirty-three studies composed of 22,275 participants were included in this review. Combined regimens using mifepristone and misoprostol had lower rates of ongoing pregnancy, higher rates of successful abortion and satisfaction compared to misoprostol only regimens. In combined regimens, misoprostol 800 μg was more effective than 400 μg. There was no significant difference in dosing intervals between mifepristone and misoprostol and routes of misoprostol administration in combination or misoprostol alone regimens. The rate of serious adverse events was generally low.

Conclusion
In this systematic review, we find that medical methods of abortion utilizing combination mifepristone and misoprostol or misoprostol alone are effective, safe and acceptable. More robust studies evaluating both the different combination and misoprostol alone regimens are needed to strengthen existing evidence as well as assess patient perspectives towards a particular regimen.
Ethnobotanical survey, anthelmintic effects and cytotoxicity of plants used for treatment of helminthiasis in the Central and Kara regions of Togo
Authors: Ataba Essoham , Katawa Gnatoulma , Ritter Manuel , Ameyapoh Adjoa Holali , Anani Kokou , Amessoudji Oukoe M. , Tchadié Pélagie Edlom , Tchacondo Tchadjabo , Batawila Komlan , Ameyapoh Yaovi , Hoerauf Achim , Layland Laura E. , Karou Simplice D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTraditional medicines are the main source of treatment of helminthiasis in endemic areas of Togo. The present study aimed to investigate the plants used by Traditional healers (THs) to treat helminth infections in endemic communities within the Central and Kara regions of Togo and to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the three most cited plants.MethodsAn ethnobotanical survey was conducted from 19 to 24 June 2017 among traditional healers in the Central and Kara regions of Togo. The anthelmintic activity of the most cited plants namelyAframomum meleguetaK. Schum,Khaya senegalensisA. Juss andXylopia aethiopicaA. Rich, was evaluated using microfilariae (Mf) ofLitomosoides sigmodontis. The plants were evaluated for cytotoxicity according to the recommendation of NF EN ISO 10993-5 standard using the propidium iodide (PI) dye by flow cytometry on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.ResultsA total of 197 THs were interviewed and 41 plant species were recorded. Leguminosae (14.6%) and Annonaceae (9.7%) families constitute the highest number of species cited for treatment of helminth infections.Afromomum meleguetawas the most cited by the THs for the treatment of onchocerciasis (UV = 0.036) whileX. aethiopicawas associated with the treatment of schistosomiasis (UV = 0.061) and lymphatic filariasis (UV = 0.061). There was a great agreement among the THs regarding ethnomedicinal uses of plants to treat helminthiasis with ICF values ranging from 0.57 to 0.67. The anthelmintic assay yielded lethal doses values of 233 μg/mL, 265 μg/mL and 550 μg/mL, respectively forX. aethiopica,A. meleguetaandK. senegalensis.Afromomum meleguetaandX. aethiopicapresented no cytotoxicity, less than 20% death, whereasK. senegalensisinduced moderate toxicity, 24 ± 8% death.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the scientific rationale for the use of plants to treat helminthiasis in the Togolese traditional medicine. However, the use ofK. senegalensisrequires more caution since the plant is fairly toxic.Trial RegistrationNA
Making researchers responsible: attributions of responsibility and ambiguous notions of culture in research codes of conduct
Authors: Valkenburg Govert , Dix Guus , Tijdink Joeri , de Rijcke Sarah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch codes of conduct offer guidance to researchers with respect to which values should be realized in research practices, how these values are to be realized, and what the respective responsibilities of the individual and the institution are in this. However, the question ofhowthe responsibilities are to be divided between the individual and the institution has hitherto received little attention. We therefore performed an analysis of research codes of conduct to investigate how responsibilities are positioned as individual or institutional, and how the boundary between the two is drawn.MethodWe selected 12 institutional, national and international codes of conduct that apply to medical research in the Netherlands and subjected them to a close-reading content analysis. We first identified the dominant themes and then investigated how responsibility is attributed to individuals and institutions.ResultsWe observed that the attribution of responsibility to either the individual or the institution is often not entirely clear, and that the notion ofcultureemerges as a residual category for such attributions. We see this notion of responsible research cultures as important; it is something that mediates between the individual level and the institutional level. However, at the same time it largely lacks substantiation.ConclusionsWhile many attributions of individual and institutional responsibility are clear, the exact boundary between the two is often problematic. We suggest two possible avenues for improving codes of conduct: either to clearly attribute responsibilities to individuals or institutions and depend less on the notion of culture, or to make culture a more explicit concern and articulate what it is and how a good culture might be fostered.
Application of standardised effect sizes to hospital discharge outcomes for people with diabetes
Authors: Robbins Tim , Lim Choi Keung Sarah N. , Sankar Sailesh , Randeva Harpal , Arvanitis Theodoros N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with diabetes are at an increased risk of readmission and mortality when discharged from hospital. Existing research identifies statistically significant risk factors that are thought to underpin these outcomes. Increasingly, these risk factors are being used to create risk prediction models, and target risk modifying interventions. These risk factors are typically reported in the literature accompanied by unstandardized effect sizes, which makes comparisons difficult. We demonstrate an assessment of variation between standardised effect sizes for such risk factors across care outcomes and patient cohorts. Such an approach will support development of more rigorous risk stratification tools and better targeting of intervention measures.

Methods
Data was extracted from the electronic health record of a major tertiary referral centre, over a 3-year period, for all patients discharged from hospital with a concurrent diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Risk factors selected for extraction were pre-specified according to a systematic review of the research literature. Standardised effect sizes were calculated for all statistically significant risk factors, and compared across patient cohorts and both readmission & mortality outcome measures.

Results
Data was extracted for 46,357 distinct admissions patients, creating a large dataset of approximately 10,281,400 data points. The calculation of standardized effect size measures allowed direct comparison. Effect sizes were noted to be larger for mortality compared to readmission, as well as for being larger for surgical and type 1 diabetes cohorts of patients.

Conclusions
The calculation of standardised effect sizes is an important step in evaluating risk factors for healthcare events. This will improve our understanding of risk and support the development of more effective risk stratification tools to support patients to make better informed decisions at discharge from hospital.
The feasibility and safety of complete laparoscopic extended right hemicolectomy with preservation of the ileocecal junction in right-transverse colon cancer
Authors: Su Hao , Wu Hongliang , Mu Bing , Bao Mandula , Luo Shou , Zhao Chuanduo , Liu Qian , Wang Xishan , Zhou Zhixiang , Zhou Haitao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new surgical method, complete laparoscopic extended right hemicolectomy with preservation of the ileocecal junction in right-transverse colon cancer.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed and compared the data of consecutive patients with right-transverse colon cancer who underwent complete laparoscopic extended right hemicolectomy with preservation of the ileocecal junction (n = 23) and conventional complete laparoscopic extended right hemicolectomy (n = 34) in our hospital between October 2017 to May 2019, respectively.

Results
The overall operation time of the ileocecal junction-preserved group was significantly shorter than that of the control group (p = 0.048). There was no difference in the number of harvested lymph nodes, metastatic lymph nodes, and rate of metastatic lymph nodes (p > 0.05). The ileocecal junction-preserved group showed shorter time of first flatus, lower frequency of postoperative diarrhea, and shorter duration of postoperative hospitalization. Furthermore, it also showed that the defecation frequency was lower in the ileocecal junction-preserved group than the control group on the 1st, 3rd, and 6th month (p < 0.05), and the number of patients who defecated at night or defecated four times or more a day was less in the ileocecal junction-preserved group than control group on the 1st month (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The complete laparoscopic extended right hemicolectomy with preservation of the ileocecal junction promises as a safe and feasible surgical procedure for right-transverse colon cancer, associated with earlier recovery of bowel function, shorter operation time, and similar pathological outcomes when compared to the conventional laparoscopic procedure.