bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminal Investigation in Rural Areas: How Police Detectives Manage Remoteness and Resource Scarcity
Authors: Rantatalo Oscar , Lindberg Ola , Hällgren Markus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article addresses how rural environments characterized by remoteness impact the work of police detectives in their casework. It reports on an ethnographic study of two investigative departments (working on volume crime and domestic crime) located in Northern Sweden. Interviews (N = 27) and participant observations (N = 56) were conducted in order to examine how investigators approached and managed rural conditions in their daily work. Findings indicate that police investigations in rural areas are characterized by constraints, such as resource shortages, extended set-up times (due to travelling), and challenges in multitasking. The findings identify two main practices for investigating crime in such settings: ‘rural investigation’ that entails a decentralized approach in which investigators are embedded locally; and ‘investigating the rural’ that entails a distanced, centralized approach. This article discusses trade-offs and predicted outcomes in crime investigation and highlights how the urban/rural binary divide encompasses a paradoxical tension that investigators must manage continuously.
Efficacy and safety of Sandoz biosimilar rituximab for active rheumatoid arthritis: 52-week results from the randomized controlled ASSIST-RA trial
Authors: Smolen Josef S , Cohen Stanley B , Tony Hans-Peter , Scheinberg Morton , Kivitz Alan , Balanescu Andra , Gomez-Reino Juan , Cen Liyi , Poetzl Johann , Shisha Tamas , Kollins Dmitrij 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This report provides data for the extent of B cell depletion and recovery, efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of Sandoz rituximab (SDZ-RTX; GP2013; Rixathon®) compared with reference rituximab (Ref-RTX) up to week 52 of the ASSIST-RA study.

Methods
Patients were randomized to SDZ-RTX or Ref-RTX in combination with methotrexate according to the RTX label. The primary endpoint was analysed at week 24. Responders (28-joint DAS [DAS28] decrease from baseline &gt;1.2) at week 24 with residual disease activity (DAS28 ≥2.6) were eligible for a second treatment course between week 24 and 52. Endpoints after week 24 included change from baseline in peripheral B cells, DAS28, ACR 20% response rate (ACR20), Clinical and Simplified Disease Activity Indexes (CDAI, SDAI) and HAQ disability index (HAQ-DI). Safety and immunogenicity were assessed by the incidence of adverse events and antidrug antibodies.

Results
Primary and secondary endpoints up to week 24 were met. Overall, 260/312 randomized patients completed treatment up to week 52. SDZ-RTX resulted in B cell concentrations over time similar to Ref-RTX. The efficacy of SDZ-RTX was similar to Ref-RTX up to week 52, as measured by DAS28, ACR20/50/70, CDAI, SDAI and HAQ-DI. Safety of SDZ-RTX was similar to Ref-RTX regarding frequency, type and severity of adverse events, which were consistent with the known Ref-RTX safety profile. The incidence of antidrug antibodies was low and transient similarly across treatment groups.

Conclusion
SDZ-RTX demonstrated similar B cell concentrations over time, efficacy, safety and immunogenicity to Ref-RTX over 52 weeks of the ASSIST-RA study.
Refining myositis associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: data from the prospective cohort ASSESS
Authors: Felten Renaud , Giannini Margherita , Nespola Benoit , Lannes Beatrice , Levy Dan , Seror Raphaele , Vittecoq Olivier , Hachulla Eric , Perdriger Aleth , Dieude Philippe , Dubost Jean-Jacques , Fauchais Anne-Laure , Le Guern Veronique , Larroche Claire , Dernis Emmanuelle , Guellec Dewi , Cornec Divi , Sibilia Jean , Mariette Xavier , Gottenberg Jacques-Eric , Meyer Alain 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To refine the prevalence, characteristics and response to treatment of myositis in primary SS (pSS).

Methods
The multicentre prospective Assessment of Systemic Signs and Evolution in Sjögren’s Syndrome (ASSESS) cohort of 395 pSS patients with ≥60 months’ follow-up was screened by the 2017 EULAR/ACR criteria for myositis. Extra-muscular complications, disease activity and patient-reported scores were analysed.

Results
Before enrolment and during the 5-year follow-up, myositis was suspected in 38 pSS patients and confirmed in 4 [1.0% (95% CI: 0.40, 2.6)]. Patients with suspected but not confirmed myositis had higher patient-reported scores and more frequent articular and peripheral nervous involvement than others. By contrast, disease duration in patients with confirmed myositis was 3-fold longer than without myositis. Two of the four myositis patients fulfilled criteria for sporadic IBM. Despite receiving three or more lines of treatment, they showed no muscle improvement, which further supported the sporadic IBM diagnosis. The two other patients did not feature characteristics of a myositis subtype, which suggested ‘pure’ pSS myositis. Steroids plus MTX was then efficient in achieving remission.

Conclusions
Myositis, frequently suspected, occurs in 1% of pSS patients. Especially when there is resistance to treatment, sporadic IBM should be considered and might be regarded as a late complication of this disease.
IMPACT OF THE THREE GORGES WATER CONSERVANCY PROJECT ON RADIOACTIVITY CONCENTRATION LEVELS IN SURROUNDING WATERS
Authors: Yang Qiang , Shao Yang , Du Hengyan , Lin Xuefeng , Wang Lei , Luo Ziyi , Ge Liangquan , Wang Erqi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Large-scale water conservancy projects bear much economic and social significance. However, there is a lack of systematic research on how such projects affect radioactivity levels in regional water bodies. For the first time, the present paper uses data for nearly 10 y at different impoundment levels during construction of the dam to analyze changes in water radioactivity concentration levels in China’s Three Gorges region, in order to provide a valuable reference for evaluating the impact of large-scale water conservancy projects on radioactivity concentration levels. Results show that gross α, gross β, U, Th, 226Ra, 40K, 90Sr and 137Cs levels in the water bodies of the Three Gorges region fall within normal limits and annual effective dose for the adults, children and infants are below the WHO recommended reference level of 0.1 mSv per y. The period where the sample was collected and spatial distribution are the main reasons why some radionuclides are not normally distributed. Different water levels during different periods result in large variations in the levels of certain radionuclides, indicating that water levels can have a strong influence on radionuclide levels in reservoir regions. Hence, when evaluating the impact of large-scale water conservancy projects on radioactivity levels, analysis should be carried out on samples collected during different periods in order to make accurate assessments.
EVALUATION OF AMBIENT DOSE EQUIVALENT SURROUNDING TRANSMISSION FULL-BODY SCANNERS
Authors: Elias Caio Caraciolo Rodrigues , D’Oliveira Cardoso Domingos , de Medeiros Marcos Paulo Cavaliere , de Oliveira Cláudio Luiz , Gavazza Sérgio , Correa Samanda Cristine Arruda , Souza Edmilson Monteiro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study analyses the ambient dose equivalent around transmission full-body scanners used in Brazilian prisons and airports. In order to achieve this goal, three transmission full-body scanners of the same model assembled by a Brazilian manufacturer were evaluated. Ambient dose equivalent rates were measured at several positions around these screening devices with the help of an ionisation chamber made by Ludlum, model 9DP. These systems consist of an X-ray generator with three distinct modes of operation, each with a unique value for maximum energy (100, 150 and 160 keV) and current (0.4, 0.5 and 0.9 mA). Results show the integrated dose per scan at each of the measurement positions considered, presenting values for ambient dose equivalent with and without an individual being scanned, in order to take into account the scattering due to the presence of a human body.
Overexpression of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene LcHMGS effectively increases the yield of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes
Authors: Wu Liwen , Zhao Yunxiao , Zhang Qiyan , Chen Yicun , Gao Ming , Wang Yangdong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMonoterpenes are important components of plant essential oils and have long been used as raw materials for spices and food flavorings. A number of studies have been performed to increase the content of monoterpenes in plants, but no obvious effect was observed. Exchange was observed between the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) and mevalonic acid (MVA) metabolic pathways, which produce monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively. However, the specific details of the communication have not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of overexpressing Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase (LcHMGS) on the production of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. In addition, we also explored the flow of metabolic flux between the MEP and MVA pathways. We cloned LcHMGS and analyzed its expression pattern in various tissues. The overexpression of LcHMGS significantly increased the species and content of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. In addition, LcHMGS overexpression in plants induced such phenotypes as excessive growth, enlarged vegetative organs and early flowering by elevating the GA3 content. Our results demonstrate a metabolic engineering strategy to improve the yield of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and simultaneously increase the biomass of plants.
Cytokinins are involved in drought tolerance ofPinus radiataplants originating from embryonal masses induced at high temperatures
Authors: Castander-Olarieta Ander , Moncaleán Paloma , Pereira Catia , Pěnčík Aleš , Petřík Ivan , Pavlović Iva , Novák Ondřej , Strnad Miroslav , Goicoa Tomas , Ugarte Maria D , Montalbán Itziar A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVegetative propagation through somatic embryogenesis is an effective method to produce elite varieties and can be applied as a tool to study the response of plants to different stresses. Several studies show that environmental changes during embryogenesis could determine future plant development. Moreover, we previously reported that physical and chemical conditions during somatic embryogenesis can determine the protein, hormone and metabolite profiles, as well as the micromorphological and ultrastructural organization of embryonal masses and somatic embryos. In this sense, phytohormones are key players throughout the somatic embryogenesis process as well as during numerous stress–adaptation responses. In this work, we first applied different high-temperature regimes (30 °C, 4 weeks; 40 °C, 4 days; 50 °C, 5 min) during induction of Pinus radiata D. Don somatic embryogenesis, together with control temperature (23 °C). Then, the somatic plants regenerated from initiated embryogenic cell lines and cultivated in greenhouse conditions were subjected to drought stress and control treatments to evaluate survival, growth and several physiological traits (relative water content, water potential, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration). Based on those preliminary results, even more extreme high-temperature regimes were applied during induction (40 °C, 4 h; 50 °C, 30 min; 60 °C, 5 min) and the corresponding cytokinin profiles of initiated embryonal masses from different lines were analysed. The results showed that the temperature regime during induction had delayed negative effects on drought resilience of somatic plants as indicated by survival, photosynthetic activity and water- use efficiency. However, high temperatures for extended periods of time enhanced subsequent plant growth in well-watered conditions. High-temperature regime treatments induced significant differences in the profile of total cytokinin bases, N6-isopentenyladenine, cis-zeatin riboside and trans-zeatin riboside. We concluded that phytohormones could be potential regulators of stress-response processes during initial steps of somatic embryogenesis and that they may have delayed implications in further developmental processes, determining the performance of the generated plants.
Does root respiration in Australian rainforest tree seedlings acclimate to experimental warming?
Authors: Noh Nam Jin , Crous Kristine Y , Li Jinquan , Choury Zineb , Barton Craig V M , Arndt Stefan K , Reich Peter B , Tjoelker Mark G , Pendall Elise 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Plant respiration can acclimate to changing environmental conditions and vary between species as well as biome types, although belowground respiration responses to ongoing climate warming are not well understood. Understanding the thermal acclimation capacity of root respiration (Rroot) in relation to increasing temperatures is therefore critical in elucidating a key uncertainty in plant function in response to warming. However, the degree of temperature acclimation of Rroot in rainforest trees and how root chemical and morphological traits are related to acclimation is unknown. Here we investigated the extent to which respiration of fine roots (≤2 mm) of four tropical and four warm-temperate rainforest tree seedlings differed in response to warmer growth temperatures (control and +6 °C), including temperature sensitivity (Q10) and the degree of acclimation of Rroot. Regardless of biome type, we found no consistent pattern in the short-term temperature responses of Rroot to elevated growth temperature: a significant reduction in the temperature response of Rroot to +6 °C treatment was only observed for a tropical species, Cryptocarya mackinnoniana, whereas the other seven species had either some stimulation or no alteration. Across species, Rroot was positively correlated with root tissue nitrogen concentration (mg g−1), while Q10 was positively correlated with root tissue density (g cm−3). Warming increased root tissue density by 20.8% but did not alter root nitrogen across species. We conclude that thermal acclimation capacity of Rroot to warming is species-specific and suggest that root tissue density is a useful predictor of Rroot and its thermal responses in rainforest tree seedlings.
Molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying magnesium-deficiency-induced enlargement, cracking and lignification of Citrus sinensis leaf veins
Authors: Ye Xin , Chen Xu-Feng , Cai Li-Ya , Lai Ning-Wei , Deng Chong-Ling , Guo Jiu-Xin , Yang Lin-Tong , Chen Li-Song 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying magnesium (Mg)-deficiency-induced enlargement, cracking and lignification of midribs and main lateral veins of Citrus leaves. Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck seedlings were irrigated with nutrient solution at a concentration of 0 (Mg-deficiency) or 2 (Mg-sufficiency) mM Mg(NO3)2 for 16 weeks. Enlargement, cracking and lignification of veins occurred only in lower leaves, but not in upper leaves. Total soluble sugars (glucose + fructose + sucrose), starch and cellulose concentrations were less in Mg-deficiency veins of lower leaves (MDVLL) than those in Mg-sufficiency veins of lower leaves (MSVLL), but lignin concentration was higher in MDVLL than that in MSVLL. However, all four parameters were similar between Mg-deficiency veins of upper leaves (MDVUL) and Mg-sufficiency veins of upper leaves (MSVUL). Using label-free, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, we identified 1229 and 492 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in MDVLL vs MSVLL and MDVUL vs MSVUL, respectively. Magnesium-deficiency-induced alterations of Mg, nonstructural carbohydrates, cell wall components, and protein profiles were greater in veins of lower leaves than those in veins of upper leaves. The increased concentration of lignin in MDVLL vs MSVLL might be caused by the following factors: (i) repression of cellulose and starch accumulation promoted lignin biosynthesis; (ii) abundances of proteins involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, hormone biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism were increased; and (iii) the abundances of the other DAPs [viz., copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase, ascorbate oxidase (AO) and ABC transporters] involved in lignin biosynthesis were elevated. Also, the abundances of several proteins involved in cell wall metabolism (viz., expansins, Rho GTPase-activating protein gacA, AO, monocopper oxidase-like protein and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase) were increased in MDVLL vs MSVLL, which might be responsible for the enlargement and cracking of leaf veins.
Using Kolb’s Experiential Learning to Educate Nursing Students About Providing Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Care
Authors: Krol Maria , Adimando Andrea 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Over the past decade, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and The Joint Commission have identified that communication problems are a root cause of most serious adverse events and that patients with limited English proficiency are more likely than others to suffer physical harm when such errors occur. It is essential to educate nursing students on the challenges of patients with limited English proficiency and empower them with tools, such as the National Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services standards, to minimize this phenomenon in their future nursing practice. We describe an educational intervention designed to accomplish this using Kolb’s experiential learning theory as a foundation for implementation.
Assessing Trainees and Making Entrustment Decisions: On the Nature and Use of Entrustment-Supervision Scales
Authors: ten Cate Olle , Schwartz Alan , Chen H. Carrie 
Published: April 2020

Clinical teachers are continuously entrusting trainees with care responsibilities in health care settings. Entrustable professional activities employ entrustment decision making as an approach to assessment in the workplace.
Various scales have been created to measure “entrustment,” all basically expressing the level or type of supervision a trainee requires for safe and high-quality care. However, some of these scales are only weakly related to the purpose of making decisions about the autonomy trainees will be granted. The authors aim to increase understanding about the nature, purpose, and practice of supervision scales aimed at entrustment.
After arguing for entrustment as a component of workplace-based assessment, the distinction between ad hoc entrustment decisions (daily decisions in health care settings) and summative entrustment decisions (with a certifying nature) is clarified. Next, the noncontinuous nature of entrustment-supervision (ES) scales, as opposed to most workplace-based assessment scales, is explained. ES scales have ordinal, rather than interval, properties and focus on discrete decisions. Finally, some scales are retrospective (“how much supervision was provided?”), and others are prospective (“how much supervision will be needed in the near future?”). Although retrospective scales reflect observed behavior, prospective scales truly focus on entrustment and ask for more holistic judgment, as they include a broader evaluation and a risk estimation to enable a decision about increase of autonomy.
The analysis concludes with a discussion about entrustment for unsupervised practice and supervision of others, as well as the program, context, and specialty specificity of scales.
The Health Care Chief Wellness Officer: What the Role Is and Is Not
Authors: Ripp Jonathan , Shanafelt Tait 
Published: April 2020

Occupational distress among clinicians and its impact on quality of care is a major threat to the health care delivery system. To address threats to clinician well-being, many institutions have introduced a new senior leadership position—the health care chief wellness officer (CWO). This role is distinct from CWOs or other wellness leadership positions that have historically existed outside of medicine. The health care CWO role was established to reduce widespread occupational distress in clinicians by improving the work environment rather than by promoting health behaviors to reduce health insurance costs. A complex array of system-level drivers has contributed to clinician distress. Developing and overseeing the execution of a strategy to address these challenges and working in partnership with other operational leaders to improve well-being require a correctly placed senior leader with the appropriate authority and resources, such as a CWO.
Health care CWOs must focus primarily on improving their organizations’ work environment and culture, not on developing individual-level interventions, such as personal resilience, mindfulness, and self-care offerings. The goal of this work is to address what is wrong with the practice environment, not to make individuals better able to tolerate a broken system. Metrics to evaluate organizational progress as well as the efficacy of the health care CWO and his or her team are discussed in this Perspective. Occupational distress in clinicians is widespread and has implications for quality of care. Vanguard organizations have begun to put into place the leaders, infrastructure, and improvement teams necessary to address this issue. The health care CWO plays a critical role in the effectiveness of these efforts.
Use of Resident-Sensitive Quality Measure Data in Entrustment Decision Making: A Qualitative Study of Clinical Competency Committee Members at One Pediatric Residency
Authors: Schumacher Daniel J. , Martini Abigail , Sobolewski Brad , Carraccio Carol , Holmboe Eric , Busari Jamiu , Poynter Sue , van der Vleuten Cees , Lingard Lorelei 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Resident-sensitive quality measures (RSQMs) are quality measures that are likely performed by an individual resident and are important to care quality for a given illness of interest. This study sought to explore how individual clinical competency committee (CCC) members interpret, use, and prioritize RSQMs alongside traditional assessment data when making a summative entrustment decision.

Method
In this constructivist grounded theory study, 19 members of the pediatric residency CCC at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center were purposively and theoretically sampled between February and July 2019. Participants were provided a deidentified resident assessment portfolio with traditional assessment data (milestone and/or entrustable professional activity ratings as well as narrative comments from 5 rotations) and RSQM performance data for 3 acute, common diagnoses in the pediatric emergency department (asthma, bronchiolitis, and closed head injury) from the emergency medicine rotation. Data collection consisted of 2 phases: (1) observation and think out loud while participants reviewed the portfolio and (2) semistructured interviews to probe participants’ reviews. Analysis moved from close readings to coding and theme development, followed by the creation of a model illustrating theme interaction. Data collection and analysis were iterative.

Results
Five dimensions for how participants interpret, use, and prioritize RSQMs were identified: (1) ability to orient to RSQMs: confusing to self-explanatory, (2) propensity to use RSQMs: reluctant to enthusiastic, (3) RSQM interpretation: requires contextualization to self-evident, (4) RSQMs for assessment decisions: not sticky to sticky, and (5) expectations for residents: potentially unfair to fair to use RSQMs. The interactions among these dimensions generated 3 RSQM data user profiles: eager incorporation, willing incorporation, and disinclined incorporation.

Conclusions
Participants used RSQMs to varying extents in their review of resident data and found such data helpful to varying degrees, supporting the inclusion of RSQMs as resident assessment data for CCC review.