bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
6q deletion in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia negatively affects time to transformation and survival
Authors: García‐Sanz Ramón , Dogliotti Irene , Zaccaria Gian Maria , Ocio Enrique María , Rubio Araceli , Murillo Ilda , Escalante Fernando , Aguilera Carmen , García‐Mateo Aránzazu , García de Coca Alfonso , Hernández Roberto , Dávila Julio , Puig Noemí , García‐Álvarez María , Chillón María del Carmen , Alcoceba Miguel , Medina Alejandro , González de la Calle Verónica , Sarasquete María Eugenia , González Marcos , Gutiérrez Norma Carmen , Jiménez Cristina 
Published: August 2020

SummaryDeletion of the long arm of chromosome 6 (del6q) is the most frequent cytogenetic abnormality in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM), occurring in approximately 50% of patients. Its effect on patient outcome has not been completely established. We used fluorescence in situ hybridisation to analyse the prevalence of del6q in selected CD19+ bone marrow cells of 225 patients with newly diagnosed immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal gammopathies. Del6q was identified in one of 27 (4%) cases of IgM‐monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, nine of 105 (9%) of asymptomatic WM (aWM), and 28/93 (30%) of symptomatic WM (sWM), and was associated with adverse prognostic features and higher International Prognostic Scoring System for WM (IPSSWM) score. Asymptomatic patients with del6q ultimately required therapy more often and had a shorter time to transformation (TT) to symptomatic disease (median TT, 30 months vs. 199 months, respectively, P < 0·001). When treatment was required, 6q‐deleted patients had shorter progression‐free survival (median 20 vs. 47 months, P < 0·001). The presence of del6q translated into shorter overall survival (OS), irrespective of the initial diagnosis, with a median OS of 90 compared with 131 months in non‐del6q patients (P = 0·01). In summary, our study shows that del6q in IgM gammopathy is associated with symptomatic disease, need for treatment and poorer clinical outcomes.
Using an integrated social cognition model to predict COVID‐19 preventive behaviours
Authors: Lin Chung‐Ying , Imani Vida , Majd Nilofar Rajabi , Ghasemi Zahra , Griffiths Mark D. , Hamilton Kyra , Hagger Martin S. , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesRates of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infections have rapidly increased worldwide and reached pandemic proportions. A suite of preventive behaviours have been recommended to minimize risk of COVID‐19 infection in the general population. The present study utilized an integrated social cognition model to explain COVID‐19 preventive behaviours in a sample from the Iranian general population.DesignThe study adopted a three‐wave prospective correlational design.MethodsMembers of the general public (N = 1,718, Mage = 33.34, SD = 15.77, male = 796, female = 922) agreed to participate in the study. Participants completed self‐report measures of demographic characteristics, intention, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and action self‐efficacy at an initial data collection occasion. One week later, participants completed self‐report measures of maintenance self‐efficacy, action planning and coping planning, and, a further week later, measures of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours. Hypothesized relationships among social cognition constructs and COVID‐19 preventive behaviours according to the proposed integrated model were estimated using structural equation modelling.ResultsThe proposed model fitted the data well according to multiple goodness‐of‐fit criteria. All proposed relationships among model constructs were statistically significant. The social cognition constructs with the largest effects on COVID‐19 preventive behaviours were coping planning (β = .575, p < .001) and action planning (β = .267, p < .001).ConclusionsCurrent findings may inform the development of behavioural interventions in health care contexts by identifying intervention targets. In particular, findings suggest targeting change in coping planning and action planning may be most effective in promoting participation in COVID‐19 preventive behaviours.
Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

Curbing COVID‐19 infections globally is vital to reduce severe cases and deaths in at‐risk groups.
Preventive behaviours like handwashing and social distancing can stem contagion of the coronavirus.
Identifying modifiable correlates of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours is needed to inform intervention.
What does this study add?

An integrated model identified predictors of COVID‐19 preventive behaviours in Iranian residents.
Prominent predictors were intentions, planning, self‐efficacy, and perceived behavioural control.
Findings provide insight into potentially modifiable constructs that interventions can target.
Research should examine if targeting these factors lead to changes in COVID‐19 behaviours over time.
Anti‐inflammatory and antiviral roles of hydrogen sulfide: Rationale for considering H2S donors in COVID‐19 therapy
Authors: Citi Valentina , Martelli Alma , Brancaleone Vincenzo , Brogi Simone , Gojon Gabriel , Montanaro Rosangela , Morales Guillermo , Testai Lara , Calderone Vincenzo 
Published: August 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐Cov‐2 demands rapid, safe and effective therapeutic options. In the last decades, the endogenous gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as modulator of several biological functions and its deficiency has been associated with different disorders. Therefore, many H2S‐releasing agents have been developed as potential therapeutic tools for diseases related with impaired H2S production and/or activity. Some of these compounds are in advanced clinical trials. Presently, the pivotal role of H2S in modulating the inflammatory response and pro‐inflammatory cytokine cascade is well recognized, and the usefulness of some H2S‐donors for the treatment of acute lung inflammation has been reported. Recent data is elucidating several mechanisms of action, which may account for antiviral effects of H2S. Noteworthy, some preliminary clinical results suggest an inverse relationship between endogenous H2S levels and severity of COVID‐19. Therefore, repurposing of H2S‐releasing drugs may be a potential therapeutic opportunity for treatment of COVID‐19.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID‐19. To view the other articles in this section visithttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc
Alantolactone induces apoptosis in THP‐1 cells through STAT3, survivin inhibition, and intrinsic apoptosis pathway
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Gamallat Yaser , Su Pengyu , Husain Akbar , Rehman Ata Ur , Zaky Mohamed Y. , Bakheet Ahmed Musa Hago , Tahir Naeem , Xin Yi , Liang Wang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCancer is the second foremost cause of mortality in the world, and THP‐1 cells play an important role in cancer progression. Alantolactone (ALT), a sesquiterpene lactone compound derived from Inula helenium, has a number of biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of ALT on THP‐1 cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms. THP‐1 cells were cultured and treated with ALT (20, 40 µM) for 12 hr, and 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, cell morphology, live/dead, and apoptosis assays were performed. The gene expressions at the protein level were checked through Western blot. Results show that ALT decreased cell viability and increased cell death and apoptosis. We found that ALT inhibited STAT3 and survivin expression. Furthermore, ALT induced mitochondrial‐dependent apoptosis through a decrease in B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) and Bcl‐xL and increase in Bax expression, resulting in the release of cytochrome c (Cyt‐c) from mitochondria. Cyt‐c release from mitochondria further increased cleaved (cl) caspase‐3 and cl‐PARP expression and led the cells to apoptosis. Therefore, ALT might be a good therapy for the progression due to THP‐1 cells.
Peri‐implant tissue conditions at implants treated with Sub‐periosteal Peri‐implant Augmented Layer technique: A retrospective case series
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Pramstraller Mattia , Severi Mattia , Simonelli Anna , Farina Roberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess peri‐implant tissue conditions on the short term in patients receiving the Sub‐periosteal Peri‐implant Augmented Layer (SPAL) technique and in patients with adequate thickness (≥2 mm) of the peri‐implant buccal bone plate (PBBP) at placement.MethodsPatients where either a dehiscence defect or thin PBBP at implant placement was corrected by SPAL technique (SPALdehiscence and SPALthin groups, respectively) and patients presenting a residual PBBP thickness ≥2 mm at implant placement (control group) were retrospectively selected. The number of peri‐implant sites positive to bleeding on probing (BoP) at 6 months following prosthetic loading was the primary outcome. Also, height of keratinized mucosa, marginal soft tissue level, Plaque Index, peri‐implant probing depth, suppuration on probing, and interproximal radiographic bone level (RBL) were evaluated.ResultsThirty‐four patients (11 in the SPALdehiscence group, 11 in the SPALthin group, and 12 in the control group) were included. In each SPAL group, 10 patients (90.9%) showed peri‐implant tissue thickness ≥2 mm at the most coronal portion of the implant at uncovering. The prevalence (number) of BoP‐positive sites was 2, 1, and 0 in the SPALdehiscence, SPALthin, and control groups, respectively. RBL amounted to 0.3 mm in the SPALdehiscence group, 0.2 mm in the SPALthin group, and 0 mm in the control group.ConclusionAfter 6 months of prosthetic loading, patients treated with SPAL technique show limited peri‐implant mucosal inflammation in association with shallow PD and adequate KM. At implants receiving SPAL technique, however, interproximal RBL was found apical to its ideal position.
Global distribution patterns provide evidence of niche shift by the introduced African dung beetleDigitonthophagus gazella
Authors: Noriega Jorge Ari , Floate Kevin D. , Génier François , Reid Chris A.M. , Kohlmann Bert , Horgan Finbarr G. , Davis Adrian L.V. , Forgie Shaun A. , Aguilar Carlos , Ibarra Mario G. , Vaz‐de‐Mello Fernando , Ziani Stefano , Lobo Jorge M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe establishment of cattle ranches throughout the world has prompted the release of dung beetles as biological control agents that reduce pasture fouling and control dung‐breeding flies. One of these beetles,Digitonthophagus gazella(Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), that is native to southeast Africa, has been introduced into the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand. Distribution records for this species have been used to develop climate models of potential future establishment. Recent studies, however, identifyD. gazellaas a complex of seven species. Taking into account this revision, and the clear identification of the records belonging to the actualD. gazella, we developed environmental models to identify factors that have contributed to the establishment of this species across regions and habitats. We compared the environmental conditions ofD. gazellain its native range against those in the regions where the species has or has not established. Our results indicate thatD. gazellais still absent in certain parts of Central and South America and parts of Africa where it could potentially establish. We speculate that its distribution in Africa is limited by competitive exclusion. The introduction ofD. gazellain America is relatively recent, such that the full extent of its distribution has probably yet to be realized. In Australia and North America,D. gazellais present in regions not predicted according to its native environmental conditions. This discrepancy may reflect a lack of competitive exclusion, phenotypic plasticity, and/or genetic adaptation. Our analyses suggest that the species has the ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions that are extremely different from those in their native region. The species represents a useful case study to indicate that an introduced species may expand its realized niche beyond what is expected based on apparent environmental limits in the species native range.
Re‐defining the virtual reality dental simulator: Demonstrating concurrent validity of clinically relevant assessment and feedback
Authors: Dixon Jonathan , Towers Ashley , Martin Nicolas , Field James 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionVirtual reality (VR) dental simulators are gaining momentum as a useful tool to educate dental students. To date, no VR dental simulator exercise has been designed which is capable of reliably providing validated, meaningful clinical feedback to dental students. This study aims to measure the concurrent validity of the assessment and the provision of qualitative feedback, pertaining to cavity preparations by VR dental simulators.MethodsA cavity preparation exercise was created on a VR dental simulator, and assessment criteria for cavity preparations were developed. The exercise was performed 10 times in order to demonstrate a range of performances, and for each, the simulator feedback was recorded. The exercises were subsequently three‐dimensionally printed, and 12 clinical teachers were asked to assess the preparations according to the same criteria. Inter‐rater reliability (IRR) between clinical teachers was measured using a free‐marginal multirater kappa value. Clinical teacher assessment responses were compared with the VR simulator responses and percentage agreements calculated.ResultsIRR values for each exercise ranged from 0.39 to 0.77 (69.39%‐88.48%). The assessment of smoothness (κfree 0.58, 78.79%) and ability to follow the outline (κfree 0.56, 77.88%) demonstrated highest agreement between clinical teachers, whilst the assessment of undercut (κfree 0.15, 57.58%) and depth (κfree 0.28, 64.09%) had the lowest agreement. The modal percentage agreement between clinical teachers and the VR simulator was, on average, 78% across all exercises.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that it is possible to provide reliable and clinically relevant qualitative feedback via a VR dental simulator. Further research should look to employ this technique across a broader range of exercises that help to develop other complex operative dental skills.
The relationship between Facebook behaviour and e‐professionalism: A questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional study among Greek dental students
Authors: Karveleas Ilias , Kyriakouli Athina , Koukou Melina , Koufatzidou Marianna , Kalogirou Eleni‐Marina , Tosios Konstantinos I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe social media attitude of health science students might affect patients' opinion about the health profession and have negative impact on e‐professionalism. The aim of this study is to investigate the behaviour of Greek dental students on Facebook, focusing on potentially unprofessional posts and the online student‐patient relationship.Materials and methodsFive hundred and twelve dental students in Greece answered an anonymous, 23‐item questionnaire including multiple‐choice questions about various topics, including Facebook profile settings and content shared by dental students, student‐patient relationship via Facebook; and students' perception about the impact of their online behaviour.Results93.2% of responders had a Facebook profile and 80.5% admitted that their online attitude might affect patients' opinion about dental profession. However, 71.7% posted pictures from holidays, 41.5% from nightclubs, and 26.2% photographs wearing swimwear/underwear, while 12.8% expressed online political party predilection. One quarter of students in clinical years were Facebook friends with patients and 58% and 30% of them had online discussion about topics related or not to dentistry, respectively, while 6.8% of dental students had posted defamatory comments about the dental school, faculty members or academic staff on Facebook.DiscussionIn accordance with studies in other countries, most Greek dental students had a Facebook profile and, although the majority realised the impact of Facebook behaviour on e‐professionalism, a considerable percentage posted unprofessional content.ConclusionDental students might fall into pitfalls when it comes to e‐professionalism. As social media are becoming an integral part of life, there is need to include e‐professionalism in dental education curriculum.
The role of CUDC‐907, a dual phosphoinositide‐3 kinase and histone deacetylase inhibitor, in inhibiting proliferation of adult T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Ishikawa Chie , Mori Naoki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesNew effective therapeutic strategies for human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1)‐driven adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) are required because of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of a dual phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, CUDC‐907.MethodsCell viability, cell cycle progression, and apoptotic events were examined by WST‐8 assay, flow cytometry, and Hoechst 33342 staining. Caspase activity was determined using Calorimetric Caspase Assay kits. Immunoblotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were used to assess the intracellular signaling cascades.ResultsThe combination of PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and HDAC inhibitor LBH589 resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect in HTLV‐1‐infected T cells. CUDC‐907 was more efficacious than BKM120 and LBH589. It induced G1 cell cycle arrest with downregulation of cyclin D1/D2, CDK4/6, c‐Myc, and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein expression. Apoptosis was induced via caspase‐3/8/9 activation along with downregulation of Bcl‐XL, Bcl‐2, XIAP, survivin, and cIAP1/2, and upregulation of Bax and Bak. Histone H3 acetylation, H2AX activation, Hsp27 phosphorylation, and Hsp70 and Hsp27 upregulation were observed after treatment. CUDC‐907 suppressed Akt, NF‐κB, and AP‐1 by downregulating phosphorylated and/or total Akt, IKKα/β, RelA, JunB, and JunD.ConclusionCUDC‐907 may be a potential therapeutic agent for ATL.
Inbreeding depresses altruism in a cooperative society
Authors: Wells David A. , Cant Michael A. , Hoffman Joseph I. , Nichols Hazel J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn some animal species, individuals regularly breed with relatives, including siblings and parents. Given the high fitness costs of inbreeding, evolutionary biologists have found it challenging to understand the persistence of these inbred societies in nature. One appealing but untested explanation is that early life care may create a benign environment that offsets inbreeding depression, allowing inbred societies to evolve. We test this possibility using 21 years of data from a wild cooperatively breeding mammal, the banded mongoose, a species where almost one in ten young result from close inbreeding. We show that care provided by parents and alloparents mitigates inbreeding depression for early survival. However, as adults, inbred individuals provide less care, reducing the amount of help available to the next generation. Our results suggest that inbred cooperative societies are rare in nature partly because the protective care that enables elevated levels of inbreeding can be reduced by inbreeding depression.
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients with different clinical phenotypes: a clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Marchesi O. , Vizzino C. , Meani A. , Conti L. , Riccitelli G. C. , Preziosa P. , Filippi M. , Rocca M. A. 
Published: August 2020

Background and purposeThe prevalence of fatigue and its relation with clinical, neuropsychological and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables in a large cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was investigated.MethodThe Modified Fatigue Impact Scale and its subdomains were collected from 725 healthy controls and 366 MS patients [238 relapsing–remitting (RRMS) and 128 progressive (PMS)]. For the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale global and subdomains, MS patients were classified as fatigued (F‐MS) or non‐fatigued (NF‐MS) according to cut‐off values provided by logistic regression models with a specificity of 90% (i.e. a 10% false‐positive rate in classifying healthy controls). MS patients underwent neurological, neuropsychological and MRI evaluations. Clinical and MRI measures were compared between F‐MS and NF‐MS patients using age‐, sex‐ and phenotype‐adjusted linear models. Heterogeneities between phenotypes were tested with specific interaction terms.ResultsGlobal fatigue affected 174 (47.5%) MS patients, being more prevalent in PMS (PMS 64.1% vs. RRMS 38.7%, P < 0.001). For all dichotomizations, F‐MS were older (P from <0.001 to 0.012) and more depressed (P < 0.001) than NF‐MS patients. Compared to NF‐MS, cognitive F‐MS patients had lower education (P = 0.035). Compared to NF‐MS, patients with global and physical fatigue had higher Expanded Disability Status Scale only for RRMS (P < 0.001). Only RRMS patients with physical fatigue had lower brain (P = 0.05), white matter (P = 0.039) and thalamic volumes (P = 0.022) compared to NF‐MS patients.ConclusionsIn MS, fatigue is associated with older age, lower education and higher depression. Only in RRMS, fatigue is associated with Expanded Disability Status Scale and brain atrophy. A plateauing effect of disability and structural damage can explain the lack of associations in PMS.
Hiring retirement‐age CEOs
Authors: Wang Ye , Yin Sirui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMore than 10% of the S&P 1500 companies have hired a CEO who starts the job near or above the conventional retirement age of 65 years old. This phenomenon exists among all industries and persists over time. Firms are more likely to hire retiring CEOs when the CEO job risk is high and when the firm is in distress. Retiring CEOs receive lower total compensation, the compensation structure puts a higher weight on nonequity‐based compensation, and have a shorter tenure. Retiring CEOs can be beneficial to shareholders when they are hired for the right purpose.
Generalized pustular psoriasis—Dawn of a new era in targeted immunotherapy
Authors: Neuhauser Ruth , Eyerich Kilian , Boehner Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent flares of pustulation accompanied by systemic symptoms. Due to its acuteness, sufficient diagnosis and treatment are essential, but often face challenges. We recently overviewed various treatment options of GPP utilizing established therapies in psoriasis vulgaris (PsO). Although there is a pathogenic relation to PsO, more and more evidence suggests a predominant involvement of the innate immune system in GPP. Recent discoveries on the genetic background of GPP with underlying mutations in IL36RN, CARD14, AP1S3 and SERPINA3 contributed to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and provide major opportunities in the development of innovative, targeted therapies. The proposed umbrella term “autoinflammatory keratinization diseases” (AIKD) helps to categorize this heterogeneous disease. Finally, we address the problem of insufficient standardized assessment tools and propose a reproducible scoring system also capturing the systemic features of GPP. In summary, GPP is a prototype disease to demonstrate both obstacles and progress in dermatology—currently insufficient definition and diagnostic tools on the one hand side, yet major advances in dissecting disease heterogeneity, opportunities for novel diagnostic techniques and therapeutic decision‐making based on molecular events on the other side.