bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Better define beta–optimizing MDD (minimum detectable difference) when interpreting treatment-related effects of pesticides in semi-field and field studies
Authors: Duquesne Sabine , Alalouni Urwa , Gräff Thomas , Frische Tobias , Pieper Silvia , Egerer Sina , Gergs René , Wogram Jörn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe minimum detectable difference (MDD) is a measure of the difference between the means of a treatment and the control that must exist to detect a statistically significant effect. It is a measure at a defined level of probability and a given variability of the data. It provides an indication for the robustness of statistically derived effect thresholds such as the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) when interpreting treatment-related effects on a population exposed to chemicals in semi-field studies (e.g., micro-/mesocosm studies) or field studies. MDD has been proposed in the guidance on tiered risk assessment for plant protection products in edge of field surface waters (EFSA Journal 11(7):3290, 2013), in order to better estimate the robustness of endpoints from such studies for taking regulatory decisions. However, the MDD calculation method as suggested in this framework does not clearly specify the power which is represented by the beta-value (i.e., the level of probability of type II error). This has implications for the interpretation of experimental results, i.e., the derivation of robust effect values and their use in risk assessment of PPPs. In this paper, different methods of MDD calculations are investigated, with an emphasis on their pre-defined levels of type II error-probability. Furthermore, a modification is suggested for an optimal use of the MDD, which ensures a high degree of certainty for decision-makers.
Communication and computation inter-effects in people counting using intelligence partitioning
Authors: Shallari Irida , Krug Silvia , O’Nils Mattias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe rapid development of the Internet of Things is affecting the requirements towards wireless vision sensor networks (WVSN). Future smart camera architectures require battery-operated devices to facilitate deployment for scenarios such as industrial monitoring, environmental monitoring and smart city, consequently imposing constraints on the node energy consumption. This paper provides an analysis of the inter-effects between computation and communication energy for a smart camera node. Based on a people counting scenario, we evaluate the trade-off for the node energy consumption with different processing configurations of the image processing tasks, and several communication technologies. The results indicate that the optimal partition between the smart camera node and remote processing is with background modelling, segmentation, morphology and binary compression implemented in the smart camera, supported by Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) version 5 technologies. The comparative assessment of these results with other implementation scenarios underlines the energy efficiency of this approach. This work changes pre-conceptions regarding design space exploration in WVSN, motivating further investigation regarding the inclusion of intermediate processing layers between the node and the cloud to interlace low-power configurations of communication and processing architectures.
Phase Equilibria in the System Ag-Cu-Si
Authors: Yang Hongwei , Reisinger Gabriel , Flandorfer Hans , Richter Klaus W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ternary alloy system Ag-Cu-Si was investigated in detail for the first time. The phase diagram was analysed by means of light optical microscopy, powder x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The complete isothermal section at 650 °C was studied experimentally, and several additional samples were studied in order to obtain insight into phase equilibria with the high-temperature phases of the binary Cu-Si system. DTA studies in two vertical sections were used to determine ternary invariant phase reactions and to construct the ternary reaction scheme (Scheil diagram). A liquidus surface projection was constructed by combining these data with microstructure analysis of selected as-cast samples.
Personal is Not Political? The Sexual Self in Russian Talk Shows of the 1990s
Authors: Gradskova Yulia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe changes in the public discourse on sex and the sexual self in post-Soviet Russia are usually referred to as a “sexual revolution”. However, the fast rejection of freedoms with respect to sexual identities, same-sex relationships and withering of the public discussions about intimacies and sex-education already in the early 2000s requires closer look at discourses of the “sexual revolution” of the 1990s in Russia in order to understand better the character of this rapid change. In this paper I am particularly interested in the discursive dimension and historical implications of the new sexual selves as expressed in the public space in a form of TV-show. The article is analyzing discourses around sexuality and intimacy with focus on two talk-shows broadcasted by the Russian television in the 1990s (“Ya sama” and “Pro eto”) and dealing with gender identities, sexualities and intimacies. I show that articulation of the sexual self as a choice that is relatively free from political and material constraints was an important dimension of the public presentation of sexuality. At the same time differences and deviations from the institutionalized and normalized (hetero)sexuality started to be seen as a subject of “personal choice” and “individual responsibility”.
Functioning of the children with hydrocephalus
Authors: Szefczyk-Polowczyk Lucyna , Mandera Marek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe objective of the study was to examine selected aspects of the functioning of children treated for hydrocephalus, with particular emphasis on their degree of independence. Analysis of the medical records of patients treated for hydrocephalus in the Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery in Katowice in 2000–2010. The Barthel scale was used to assess the children’s independence. Information on the children’s functioning was obtained directly from their parents using a questionnaire developed by the author. The parent group comprised 131 people, including 110 women (85%) and 21 men (15%). The study group comprised 131 children treated for hydrocephalus. In the examined group, 59 children (45%) were fully independent (first degree), 44 (34%) were partially independent (second degree) and 28 (21%) were completely dependent (third degree). Most of the children with congenital and post-inflammatory hydrocephalus attended the generally accessible school (public school), while the majority of the children with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus attended rehabilitation and educational centers or special schools (p < 0.05) The lowest level of independence was found for children with hemorrhagic hydrocephalus who had undergone repeated operations. The child’s degree of independence and the etiology of hydrocephalus determined the type of school the child attended. The study’s results indicate that rehabilitation plays a key role in the lives of children with hydrocephalus.
Review über Psychopharmaka mit Zulassung in Österreich für die Anwendung an Kindern und/oder Jugendlichen
Authors:   Österreichische Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Huscsava Mercedes , Vesely Christine , Scharinger Christian , Plener Paul 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungBei entsprechender Indikation für eine medikamentöse Behandlung wird im Rahmen der psychopharmakologischen Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen auf wenige zugelassene Substanzen zurückgegriffen. Um den aktuellen Zulassungsstand der in Österreich verfügbaren Psychopharmaka für die Altersgruppe der unter 18-Jährigen zu erfassen, und damit einen Baustein für eine informierte Aufklärung bereitzustellen, wurde das Arzneispezialitätenregister des österreichischen Bundesamts für Sicherheit im Gesundheitswesen systematisch durchsucht. Die entsprechenden Detailtabellen sind abgebildet.
On Convex Bodies that are Characterizable by Volume Function
Authors: Horváth Ákos G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe “old-new” concept of a convex-hull function was investigated by several authors in the last seventy years. A recent research on it led to some other volume functions as the covariogram function, the widthness function or the so-called brightness functions, respectively. A very interesting fact that there are many long-standing open problems connected with these functions whose serious investigation was closed before the “age of computers”. In this survey, we concentrate only on the three-dimensional case; we will mention the most important concepts, statements, and problems.
Possibilities and Drawbacks of Using an Online Application for Semi-automatic Corpus Analysis to Investigate Discourse Markers and Alternative Fluency Variables
Authors: Wolk Christoph , Götz Sandra , Jäschke Katja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo overcome planning phases in spontaneous speech production, learners and native speakers use strategies such as (un)filled pauses, smallwords or discourse markers. Small scale studies in this vein have demonstrated that learners differ from native speakers in that they underuse smallwords and discourse markers, and rely on other fluency-enhancing strategies instead. In the present paper, we present a corpus-based study, which investigates fluency-enhancing strategies in four components of theLouvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage(LINDSEI; Gilquin et al. 2010), covering four learner English varieties, namely Spanish, German, Bulgarian and Japanese. We investigate 216 different fluencemes (i.e. fluency-enhancing features; Götz in Fluency in native and nonnative English speech, John Benjamins, Amsterdam, 2013) in 200 transcribed interviews with advanced learners of English. An online coding application, which was specially designed and programmed for this project, enables us to cover such a large amount of data. We report on the design, functionality and (dis-)advantages of the online application, the multilevel-coding system we implemented, and the methodological challenges we face in detail. We will also present the findings of one first pilot study where we exhibit considerable variation between and within learners of particular native languages concerning fluenceme frequencies, while distributional patterns of fluencemes are rather similar across varieties.
Corrective Justice Among States
Authors: Eleftheriadis Pavlos 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe debate concerning solidarity and justice among states has missed the key contribution made to international affairs by corrective justice. Unlike distributive justice, which applies within states, corrective justice applies among states. It applies in particular to cooperative arrangements creating interdependence among them. Corrective justice does not require fairness in outcomes. It requires redress in cases of loss caused by unfairness. An illustration of corrective justice among states is the Eurozone’s response to the financial crisis. The assistance offered to the most burdened states was not as an attempt to arrive at fair shares but an attempt to remedy the losses unfairly caused by the mistakes made by the Eurozone as a whole, when designing its basic architecture.
Exploring married girls’ subjective experiences of well‐being and challenges
Authors: Baba Hajara , Salifu Yendork Joana , Atindanbila Samuel 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe well‐being of married girls is often significantly affected by their early transitioning into the institution of marriage. This is accompanied by a normative shift in their focus from education and personal development to family life and motherhood. However, it is important we understand married girls’ perspectives of what their marriage mean to them and how that affects their well‐being. Therefore, this study explored the subjective experiences of well‐being and challenges among married girls in the Northern region of Ghana.MethodsA phenomenological approach was used to gather data through in‐depth interviews. Twenty‐one married girls between the ages of 12 and 19 years in Sagnarigu, Tolon and Mion districts of the Northern Region of Ghana were interviewed and data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFindings revealed that girls who perceived their marriage as early reported negative emotions whereas those who perceived their marriage as timely reported positive emotions. Married girls’ positive experiences were characterised by child bearing, higher social status, received social support and satisfaction of needs in their marriage. Challenges identified included poor socio‐economic status, inadequate parenting skills, pregnancy and childbirth related distresses.ConclusionsMarried girls expressed more positive outcomes in their marriage than they did for negative outcomes despite their general perception of their marriage being early. Implications for interventions and policy decision making are discussed.
A novel approach for rectal trauma. The use of a transanal platform to repair a combined high-velocity rectal gun fire wound
Authors: Guraieb-Trueba Montserrat , Sánchez-Robles Juan Carlos , Pérez-Morales Oscar Enrique , García-Núàez Luis Manuel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUp to 80% of the rectal injuries reported in US trauma centers occur secondary to firearm injuries. Rectal gunshot wounds are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diverse surgical approaches and techniques have been described; however, controversy persists regarding the best management for these complex injuries. Nowadays, no single approach has proven to provide optimal results when dealing with these injuries. We present a case of a young male that suffered a combined (intra-extraperitoneal) gun shot gun to the rectus and the use of a transanal platform to repair it.
Epidemiological and prognostic single center study of anal carcinoma
Authors: Mohammed Alrubai Alaa Mobder , Al-Naqqash Manwar Abdulelah , Alshewered Ahmed Salih 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Anorectal carcinoma includes the anal margin, the anal canal, and the lower rectum. The incidences of anal tumors represent 1.4 % of all gastrointestinal tumors.
Patients and methods Our study is retrospective and was conducted at Baghdad Medical City. Patient’s data were collected from the medical records through a predesigned sheet that included the following information: demographic data, medical history, past-history, presenting symptoms, pathological data, and treatment details.
Results The median age was 49 years. As regard tumor extension, 85.71 % of patients had anal disease, while anorectal cancer was encountered in 14.28 % of cases only. Male to female ratio was 1:3. Most of cases were SCC 78.57 %. Only 11 patients (39.28 %) were diagnosed as Stage I, whereas 12 patients (42.85 %) had Stage II-III disease. Moderate differentiated tumors are the most common. The tumor mass located between 5–10cm das a distance from anal verge in 12 (42.85 %) of patients. We found 6 (21.42 %) patients with positive virology tests with no specificity detected. APR was the mainstay for treatment of stage I disease. Neoadjuvant treatment followed by TME resection was the treatment found in locally advanced tumors. The mean Overall Survival (OS) for patients received neoadjuvant CRT in the study was 43.5 months, while, the mean OS was 45.73 months in the adjuvant setting. Univariate analysis for OS according to prognostic factors revealed that sites of cancer, grades and histopathology were significant independent prognostic factors for OS in this study. The anal canal tumor was associated with shorter OS (33.25) months in comparison to the anorectal cancer (OS = 47.22 months). Based on tumor grade, well and moderate differentiation have better OS (60.21 months) while, poorly grade was associated with shorter OS (43.07 months). On the concern of SCC, it was associated with shorter OS (37 months) in comparison to higher survival in patients with adenocarcinoma (46.13 months).
Conclusion Anal canal cancer has poorer prognosis than anorectal. The early-stage has a better OS that needs more effort for early diagnosis and treatment.
Self-reported wellbeing indicators are a valuable complement to traditional economic indicators but are not yet ready to compete with them
Authors: BENJAMIN DAN , COOPER KRISTEN , HEFFETZ ORI , KIMBALL MILES 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe join the call for governments to routinely collect survey-based measures of self-reported wellbeing and for researchers to study them. We list a number of challenges that have to be overcome in order for these measures to eventually achieve a status that is competitive with traditional economic indicators. We discuss in more detail one of the challenges, comprehensiveness: single-question wellbeing measures do not seem to fully capture what people care about. We briefly review the existing evidence, suggesting that survey respondents, when asked to make real or hypothetical trade-offs, would not always choose to maximize their predicted response to single-question wellbeing measures. The deviations appear systematic, and they persist under conditions where alternative explanations are less plausible. We also review an approach for combining single-question measures into a more comprehensive wellbeing index – an approach that itself is not free of ongoing theoretical and implementational challenges, but that we view as a promising direction.
Assessment of antibiotic-resistant organism transmission among rooms of hospitalized patients, healthcare personnel, and the hospital environment utilizing surrogate markers and selective bacterial cultures
Authors: Kwon Jennie H. , Reske Kimberly , O’Neil Caroline A. , Cass Candice , Seiler Sondra , Wallace Meghan A. , Hink Tiffany , Liang Stephen Y. , Fraser Victoria J. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Dubberke Erik R. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess potential transmission of antibiotic-resistant organisms (AROs) using surrogate markers and bacterial cultures.Design:Pilot study.Setting:A 1,260-bed tertiary-care academic medical center.Participants:The study included 25 patients (17 of whom were on contact precautions for AROs) and 77 healthcare personnel (HCP).Methods:Fluorescent powder (FP) and MS2 bacteriophage were applied in patient rooms. HCP visits to each room were observed for 2–4 hours; hand hygiene (HH) compliance was recorded. Surfaces inside and outside the room and HCP skin and clothing were assessed for fluorescence, and swabs were collected for MS2 detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and selective bacterial cultures.Results:Transfer of FP was observed for 20 rooms (80%) and 26 HCP (34%). Transfer of MS2 was detected for 10 rooms (40%) and 15 HCP (19%). Bacterial cultures were positive for 1 room and 8 HCP (10%). Interactions with patients on contact precautions resulted in fewer FP detections than interactions with patients not on precautions (P < .001); MS2 detections did not differ by patient isolation status. Fluorescent powder detections did not differ by HCP type, but MS2 was recovered more frequently from physicians than from nurses (P = .03). Overall, HH compliance was better among HCP caring for patients on contact precautions than among HCP caring for patients not on precautions (P = .003), among nurses than among other nonphysician HCP at room entry (P = .002), and among nurses than among physicians at room exit (P = .03). Moreover, HCP who performed HH prior to assessment had fewer fluorescence detections (P = .008).Conclusions:Contact precautions were associated with greater HCP HH compliance and reduced detection of FP and MS2.
HIPPI-2: A versatile high-precision polarimeter
Authors: Bailey Jeremy , Cotton Daniel V. , Kedziora-Chudczer Lucyna , De Horta Ain , Maybour Darren 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe the High-Precision Polarimetric Instrument-2 (HIPPI-2) a highly versatile stellar polarimeter developed at the University of New South Wales. Two copies of HIPPI-2 have been built and used on the 60-cm telescope at Western Sydney University’s (WSU) Penrith Observatory, the 8.1-m Gemini North Telescope at Mauna Kea and extensively on the 3.9-m Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). The precision of polarimetry, measured from repeat observations of bright stars in the SDSS g′band, is better than 3.5 ppm (parts per million) on the 3.9-m AAT and better than 11 ppm on the 60-cm WSU telescope. The precision is better at redder wavelengths and poorer in the blue. On the Gemini North 8-m telescope, the performance is limited by a very large and strongly wavelength-dependent TP that reached 1000’s of ppm at blue wavelengths and is much larger than we have seen on any other telescope.
Beyond ‘Propaganda’: Images and the moral citizen in late-socialist Vietnam
Authors: BAYLY SUSAN 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article forges connections between two vibrant areas of current research within and beyond Asian studies: visual anthropology and the anthropology of morality and ethics. Its focus is on achieving moral citizenship as represented in Vietnam's visually spectacular capital, Hanoi, and on images as active and morally compelling, not mere reflections of the challenges of late-socialist marketization. The case of Vietnam compares intriguingly with other contexts where visuality has been fruitfully explored, including India and post-socialist Eurasia. The question asked is how images, both personal and official, can work either to provide or deny the viewer a quality of moral agency which they feel to be their due. The answer is found in the intertwining of silence and speech in relation to images. This includes what is said and unsaid in regard to public iconography, including memorial statuary and state message posters. It is proposed that the visuality of the urban street space is a continuum involving significant interaction with the intimacies of home and family image use. The article also seeks to add to our methodological ideas about treating fieldwork photographs as a basis for interaction with interlocutors, hence as active research tools rather than mere adjuncts to observation and analysis.
Feminist methodology between theory and praxis
Authors: Prügl Elisabeth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe article revisits the problematic relationship between feminist theory and praxis through the writings of Marysia Zalewski, one of the foremost feminist theorists of IR. Zalewski has dealt with this relationship through her work on methodology. In three sections, the article explores: (a) her engagement with standpoint theory through her interventions in feminist IR debates with ‘the mainstream’; (b) her adoption of feminist postmodernism, embracing a deconstructive posture and in particular the notion of ‘hauntings’ as a methodological device; and (c) the development of a distinctive methodological attitude that seeks to involve, rather than explain or instruct. Crucially, for Zalewski, theory and praxis/politics cannot be separated methodologically: languages of mastery and an attitude of ‘doing something’ are of one cloth. The paper ends with a reflection about how L. H. M. Ling's method of ‘chatting’ could be enacted in engagements that cross the social fields of academia and policy.