bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Scleral Lens Wear on Central Corneal Thickness and Intraocular Pressure in Patients With Ocular Surface Disease
Authors: Shahnazi Kevin C. , Isozaki Veronica L. , Chiu Gloria B. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
To determine the effect of scleral lens wear on central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods:
Twenty-five subjects (46 eyes), fit with scleral lenses that ranged in diameter from 17.0 to 18.0 mm, were included in this retrospective study at the University of Southern California, Department of Ophthalmology. All subjects had ocular surface disease and were categorized into the following groups based on etiology of their dry eye: chronic graft versus host disease, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, Sjögren syndrome, or general dry eye syndrome. Measurements of CCT and IOP were obtained at the initial scleral lens consultation (pre-CCT and pre-IOP) and at follow-up visits (post-CCT and post-IOP) immediately after lens removal.

Results:
The total average difference between pre-CCT and post-CCT was 7.19 μm (544.90±31.29 vs. 552.09±30.30 μm), which was a statistically significant increase of 1.01% (P≤0.05). On the other hand, the total average difference between pre-IOP and post-IOP was −0.89 mm Hg (14.47±3.63 vs. 13.58±3.61 mm Hg), which was not statistically significant (P≥0.05). There were no statistically significant correlations between change in CCT (ΔCCT) and visual acuity (P≥0.05), between ΔCCT or change in IOP (ΔIOP) in relation to lens diameter (P≥0.05), between etiology of dry eye affecting ΔCCT or ΔIOP (P≥0.05), between wearing time today and ΔCCT or ΔIOP (P≥0.05), and between average wearing time (AWT) and ΔCCT (P≥0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant correlation between AWT and ΔIOP (R
2=0.0796) over a range of wear time hours.

Conclusion:
There was a statistically significant increase in CCT after scleral lens wear in subjects with ocular surface disease, which may be attributed to subclinical hypoxic conditions created by scleral lens wear. No significant relationship was found between scleral lens wear and IOP.
Real-world clinical outcomes of anticancer treatments in patients with advanced melanoma in China: retrospective, observational study
Authors: Cui Chuanliang , Yan Xieqiao , Liu Shusen , Deitz Anne C. , Si Lu , Chi Zhihong , Sheng Xinan , Lian Bin , Li Jianfeng , Ge Jun , Wang Xuan , Mao Lili , Tang Bixia , Zhou Li , Bai Xue , Li Siming , Li Ben , Wu Haiyan , Guo Jun 
Published: October 2019

Introduction:
Treatment options for advanced melanoma in China are lacking, particularly second-line therapies. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to describe the real-world effectiveness of available anticancer therapies in patients with locally advanced/metastatic melanoma in China.

Methods:
Adult patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma treated between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015, at the Beijing Cancer Hospital (BCH) were eligible (data cutoff: December 31, 2017). Data were obtained from patient electronic medical records. Responders were adjudicated per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results:
Of 248 eligible patients, 221 and 116 were treated with anticancer therapies in first-line and second-line settings, respectively (89 received both at BCH). Approximately 95% of patients had stage IV melanoma; 40.7% had acral melanoma, and 30.6% had mucosal histology. By data cutoff, 195 of 248 (78.6%) patients had died. Median OS for all patients was 10.5 months; 12-month OS rate was 43.9%. In the first-line setting, the objective response rate was 6.3% (95% confidence interval, 3.5%–10.4%) and the median duration of response was 9.1 months. Median PFS was 3.5 months and 12-month PFS rate was 10.6%; median OS was 10.5 months and 12-month OS rate was 43.5%. In the second-line setting, objective response rate was 3.4% (95% confidence interval, 0.9%–8.6%) and median duration of response was 7.5 months. Median PFS was 2.3 months and 12-month PFS rate was 5.2%; median OS was 7.5 months and 12-month OS rate was 30.5%.

Conclusion:
In China, first-line and second-line anticancer therapy seems to be associated with suboptimal clinical outcomes in advanced melanoma, indicating a need for effective therapies.
Exercise and lifestyle changes in pediatric asthma
Authors: Lu Kim D. , Forno Erick 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to discuss the most recent studies on lifestyle interventions in pediatric asthma. We include studies on physical activity and exercise, sedentary time, nutrition, behavioral therapy and the role of schools.

Recent findings
Several small studies in children with asthma suggest that exercise interventions can improve aerobic fitness, asthma symptoms or control and quality of life. Existing evidence supports recommending higher intake of fruits and vegetables for asthma risk and control. In contrast, the ‘Western diet’ – high in refined grains, highly processed foods, red meats and fried foods with low intake of fruits and vegetables – has a proinflammatory effect and may alter microbiota composition leading to worse asthma outcomes. Finally, there are opportunities to utilize schools to promote physical activity, though standardization of asthma management in the schools is needed.

Summary
Assessing physical activity/fitness levels, sedentary time and nutritional status is important in the management of children with asthma, as they are modifiable factors. Larger rigorous studies evaluating lifestyle interventions are needed to better inform current asthma guidelines as well as to understand the underlying mechanism(s) related to physical activity and diet in asthma.
Lost in transition: biomarkers of remodeling in patients with asthma
Authors: Bahmer Thomas , Sand Jannie Marie Bülow , Weckmann Markus 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review
‘Biomarkers of remodeling’ represent a loose collection of features referring to several biological adaptations of the lung to cope with stressing factors. In addition, remodel-’ing’ infers a dynamic process that would require a spatiotemporal resolution. This review focuses on different aspects of remodeling in pediatric and adult care.

Recent findings
This review will cover aspects of pediatric remodeling, adult remodeling and techniques and procedures to adequately assess remodeling across different age spectra. In pediatrics, the onset and first features of remodeling are discussed and the continuation into adolescence is addressed. For adults, this review addresses predominant features of remodeling throughout the adult life span and whether there are currently interventions available to treat or reverse remodeling.

Summary
The term ‘remodeling’ is often referred to via biomarkers that reflect the endstage of a process, although it rather reflects a continuous process starting in childhood and progressing to all age-levels in patients with asthma. Hence, only few biomarkers or surrogates are able to ‘capture’ its spatiotemporal component, and hardly any are ready for routine use in clinical practice. Given the clinical impact of the remodeling processes, new biomarkers are needed to adequately treat patients with asthma and objectively monitor treatment response beyond symptom control and lung function.
Genetic polymorphisms present in IL10, IL23R, NOD2, and ATG16L1 associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in Mexican population
Authors: Quiroz-Cruz Sarai , Posada-Reyes Berenice , Alatorre-García Thalia , Del Real-Calzada Carlos Manuel , García-Samper Xóchitl , Escobar-Gutiérrez Alejandro , Vázquez-Chacón Carlos Arturo , Martínez-Guarneros José Armando , Cruz-Rivera Mayra , Vaughan Gilberto , Fonseca-Coronado Salvador 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are the two clinical forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Diverse studies have shown the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in molecules of the immune system and the occurrence of IBD. Here, several SNPs of the immune system with controversial results for their association with UC and CD were evaluated in a Mexican population.

Methods:
SNPs rs1800896, rs3024505 (IL-10); rs11209026 (IL23R); rs2066844, rs2066845 (NOD-2), and rs2241880 (ATG16L1) were assessed in 93 patients with IBD and 200 healthy controls by hybridization probes and quantitative PCR.

Results:
The AG genotype for rs1800896 was associated with an increased risk for both UC and CD (P = 0.005 and P = 0.026, respectively); whereas the AA genotype presents a negative association (P = 0.011 for UC, and 0.0038 for CD). For this SNP, G allele was associated with risk of UC (P = 0–043) but not for CD. For the rs3024505 in IL-10, T allele was associated with UC (P = 0.011). Moreover, this allele was associated with early onset of UC (P = 0.033) and with the use of steroid treatment (P = 0.019). No significant differences for NOD2 (rs2066844T and rs2066845C), IL23R (rs11209026), and ATG16L1 (rs22411880) were found between cases and controls and the homozygous TT genotype for rs2066844 and CC for rs2066845 were not observed.

Conclusion:
Our results show both genotypic and phenotypic associations of IL-10 SNPs with IBD but not with the other immune-related SNPs studied in this Mexican cohort.
A prospective study comparing patient-reported outcomes in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Hoekman Daniël R. , Löwenberg Mark , van den Brink Gijs R. , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. , Benninga Marc A. , D’Haens Geert R. 
Published: October 2019

Background
Patient reported outcomes are important in Crohn’s disease. In this prospective cohort, we investigated the performance of the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) and a visual analog scale (VAS) for abdominal pain as outcome measures in Crohn’s disease.

Methods
Patients with active Crohn’s disease starting glucocorticoids or anti-tumor necrosis factor were included. Before treatment and 10 weeks later we collected: clinical activity [Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI) and Crohn’s-Disease-Activity-Index (CDAI)], serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin, and BSFS (1–7) and a 100-mm VAS based on a 7-day diary. Clinical response was defined as a reduction by at least 3 and at least 100 of HBI and CDAI, respectively. Fecal calprotectin-response and CRP-response were defined as reduction of at least 50%.

Results
Thirty-eight patients completed follow-up. At baseline, BSFS-parameters correlated more strongly with clinical activity (range: r

s
: 0.31–0.74) than with CRP (r

s
: −0.01 to 0.16) and fecal calprotectin (r

s
: 0.14–0.26). VAS scores correlated very weakly to moderately with clinical activity (r

s
: 0.18–0.45), and weakly to moderately with CRP (r

s
: 0.24–0.34) and fecal calprotectin (r

s
: 0.35–0.43). Changes in VAS scores correlated moderately to strongly (r

s
: 0.55–0.71) with changes in clinical activity, and weakly with changes in CRP and fecal calprotectin (r

s
: 0.21–0.35). Changes in BSFS parameters correlated weakly to moderately (r

s
: 0.23–0.53) with changes in clinical activity, and very weakly to weakly (r

s
: 0.01–0.35) with changes in CRP and fecal calprotectin. Responsiveness of VAS and BSFS was moderate to high (Guyatt’s statistic 0.41–2.17) and highly dependent on the definition of response.

Conclusions
The BSFS and a VAS appear to be responsive with moderate-to-strong construct validity to monitor patients with Crohn’s disease.
Patient Characteristics Affect Discharge Status for Opioid-related Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Schuller Kristin A. , Franz Berkeley , Cronin Cory E. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Opioid overdoses have increased dramatically in the last 20 years, but secondary complications, such as infective endocarditis (IE) are also on the rise.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to understand the effect that opioid-related IE has on hospitals across the US and to understand the disposition of patients after treatment for IE, particularly in regard to insurance status and type.

Research Design:
Secondary data analysis of the publicly-available 2015 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to assess opioid-related IE based on patient and hospital characteristics. Bivariate and logistic regression was calculated to determine significance between the outcome variable (IE) and other covariates.

Subjects:
The 2015 NIS data contained 7,153,989 weighted observations with 5760 (0.02%) incidences of opioid-related IE.

Measures:
The NIS dataset represents a 20% stratified sample of all US hospitalizations across all payors in a given year. Opioid-related IE was the outcome variable measured through ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, and the independent variables included the patient’s age, sex, primary payer, household income, discharge status, length of stay, and transfer status, and the hospital’s size, ownership, region, and location with teaching status.

Results:
Routine discharge was the top discharge status across all payors, except Medicare. Nearly 26% of self-pay patients were discharged against medical advice. Logistic regression results indicate that patients who are younger, uninsured, have increased condition severity, have longer lengths of stay, and are discharged against medical advice or transferred to a short-term hospital or other health facility experienced significantly higher odds of opioid-related IE admissions as compared with all other admissions. The only significant hospital characteristic was region.

Conclusions:
The fact that patient disposition varied across different payors suggests that hospitals are missing opportunities to engage the most vulnerable patients with IE. Given the long-term care required by this condition, hospitals are well-positioned to participate in interventions to initiate substance abuse treatment and help patients navigate outpatient substance abuse treatment options.
The Perceptions of Professional Leadership Coaches Regarding the Roles and Challenges of Nurse Managers
Authors: Bradley Jennifer M. , Moore Linda Weaver 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to explore professional coaches’ perceptions of nurse managers (NMs) and the NM role.

BACKGROUND
Nurse Managers are often inadequately prepared, developed, and supported in their roles. Professional coaching is a strategy that may prove beneficial to help prepare NMs for their roles.

METHODS
A qualitative design using researcher-participant interviews of 11 professional coaches provided data regarding coaches’ perceptions of NMs and the role development needs.

RESULTS
Coaches reported why they made the decision to coach NMs, why NMs sought coaching services, how the NM experience differed from that of higher level leaders, and what the coaches believed was their most valuable contribution when working with NMs.

CONCLUSION
Findings suggest that coaches can provide needed support to NMs to maximize their role effectiveness and preparedness.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Partograph Alert and Action Lines to Predict Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bonet M. , Oladapo O. T. , Souza J. P. , Gülmezoglu A. M. 
Published: October 2019

(Abstracted from BJOG 2019;126:1524–1533)
Women and their offspring are at heightened risk of morbidity and mortality during childbirth. Tools, such as the partograph, have been used to assist in labor-related decision-making over the last couple of decades.
Gynecology and Oncology Fetal Myofibromatosis: A Challenge for Prenatal Diagnosis Mini Review of the English Literature
Authors: Pekar-Zlotin Marina , Levinsohn-Tavor Orna , Livneh Ayelet , Sher Osnat , Melcer Yaakov , Maymon Ron 
Published: October 2019

Importance
Infantile myofibromatosis (IM) is a benign neoplasm with a reported incidence of 1:150,000. The “solitary” type is characterized by a single lesion in the skin, muscle, or bone, whereas the “multicentric” type may also involve the viscera.

Objective
This report describes the prenatal diagnosis of IM and recommendations for future pregnancy follow-up.

Evidence Acquisition
This systematic search of the English literature yielded 8 reports documenting prenatal diagnosis of IM between 1999 and 2018.

Results
Fetal age at diagnosis ranged from 13 to 38 weeks of gestation. Seven cases were diagnosed in the third trimester (30–34 weeks). Five cases were of the “solitary” type, and all successfully underwent surgical removal of the tumor with a good outcome. Three were of the “multicentric” type, and the 1 infant presenting with diffuse disease died several weeks after delivery.

Conclusion and Relevance
The prenatal diagnosis of IM is often not made until the third trimester following a normal second-trimester anomaly scan, likely due to development of this lesion over time. Women should be referred for genetic counseling and consideration of preimplantation genetic diagnosis following the delivery of an affected child with the autosomal recessive form of the disorder and identified causative pathogenic variants.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the reader should be better able to describe this rare benign neoplasm with a reported incidence of 1:150,000; identify infantile myofibromatosis when encounter a third-trimester sonographic finding consistent with soft tissue tumor; and counsel couples regarding future pregnancy risks and recommendations for evaluation and follow-up in a subsequent pregnancy.
Next of Kin Involvement in Regulatory Investigations of Adverse Events That Caused Patient Death: A Process Evaluation (Part I – The Next of Kin’s Perspective)
Authors: Wiig Siri , Haraldseid-Driftland Cecilie , Tvete Zachrisen Rannveig , Hannisdal Einar , Schibevaag Lene 
Published: October 2019

Objective
The aim of the study was to explore experiences from the next of kin’s perspective of a new involvement method in the regulatory investigation process of adverse events causing patient death.

Methods
The study design was a qualitative process evaluation of the new involvement method in two Norwegian counties. Next of kin who had lost a close family member in an adverse event were invited to a 2-hour face-to-face meeting with regulatory inspectors to shed light on the event from the next of kin’s perspective. Data collection involved 18 interviews with 29 next of kin who had participated in the meeting and observations (20 hours) of meetings from 2017 to 2018. Data were analyzed using a thematic content analysis.

Results
Next of kin wanted to be involved and had in-depth knowledge about the adverse event and the healthcare system. Their involvement extended beyond sharing information, and some experienced it as having a therapeutic effect and contributing to transparency and trust building. The inspectors’ professional, social, and human skills determined the experiences of the involvement and were key for next of kin’s positive experiences. The meeting was emotionally challenging, and some next of kin found it difficult to understand the regulators’ independent role and suggested improving information given to the next of kin before the meeting.

Conclusions
Although the meeting was emotionally challenging, the next of kin had a positive experience of being involved in the investigation and believed that their information contributed to improving the investigation process.
Breast Cancer Imaging With PET Based Radiopharmaceuticals Other Than 18F-FDG
Authors: Vatsa Rakhee , Singh Shashank Shekhar , Ashwathanarayana Abhiram Gopalajois , Kumar Rajender , Rana Nivedita , Shukla Jaya , Mittal Bhagwant Rai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women with rising incidence worldwide. 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging has already established itself as a pivotal modality for staging, restating and response assessment in patients with carcinoma breast. The complex biology of this cancer is increasingly being decoded and various molecular targets have been identified and exploited for guiding the treatment at various time points during the course of the disease. We here depict a series of various metabolic and receptor targeting PET radiotracers in breast cancer patients which may help us understand the in vivo biology of this tumor.
A Comparison of Intracranial Volume Growth in Normal Children and Patients With Metopic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Cronin Brendan J. , Brandel Michael G. , McKee Ryan M. , Hashmi Asra , Oviedo Parisa , Buckstaff Taylor , Cahill Gabrielle , Mannix Emily , Reid Chris M. , Lance Samuel , Vinocur Daniel , Meltzer Hal S. , Gosman Amanda A. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The impact of metopic craniosynostosis on intracranial volume (ICV) and ICV growth is unclear. In addition, the relationship between head circumference (HC) and ICV in these patients is not previously described.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 72 patients with metopic craniosynostosis was performed. The ICVs were calculated from manually segmented preoperative computed tomography scans. Magnetic resonance imaging data for 270 healthy children were available. The ICVs were calculated in FreeSurfer.
First, a growth curve for metopic patients was generated and a logarithmic best-fit curve was calculated. Second, the impact of metopic craniosynostosis on ICV relative to healthy controls was assessed using multivariate linear regression. Third, the growth curves for metopic patients and healthy children were compared.
Pearson's correlation was used to measure the association between HC and ICV.

Results:
Mean metopic ICV was significantly lower than normal ICV within the first 3 to 6 months (674.9 versus 813.2 cm3; P = 0.002), 6 to 9 months (646.6 versus 903.9 cm3; P = 0.005), and 9 to 12 months of life (848.0 versus 956.6 cm3; P = 0.038). There was no difference in ICV after 12 months of age (P = 0.916).
The ICV growth in patients with metopic craniosynostosis is defined by a significantly different growth curve than in normal children (P = 0.005).
The ICV and HC were highly correlated across a broad range of ICVs and patient age (r = 0.98, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Patients with metopic craniosynostosis have significantly reduced ICVs compared to healthy children, yet greater than normal ICV growth, which allows them to achieve normal volumes by 1 year of age. The HC is a reliable metric for ICV in these patients.