bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Characteristics of a Turbulent Dual Jet Impinging on a Wavy Surface
Authors: Singh Tej Pratap , Kumar Amitesh , Satapathy Ashok Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple and effective technique is proposed to enhance the heat transfer rate significantly. The current study deals with the analysis of a fluid flow and thermal characteristics of a turbulent dual jet impinging on a wavy surface. The surface area of the wall has been varied by considering different wavy profiles. The amplitude of the wavy surface is varied between 0.1 and 0.7 with an interval of 0.1. The number of cycles and the offset ratio (OR) are fixed to 10 and 7, respectively, thus, providing a complete parametric analysis of flow characteristics and thermal characteristics of the turbulent dual jet. The decay of maximum streamwise velocity, the variation of bottom wall pressure, and the variation of local heat flux and local Nusselt number have been computed. The variation of the bottom wall temperature for adiabatic wavy wall boundary condition for various amplitudes are also presented in this paper. It is found that the pressure decreases in the recirculation region when the amplitude increases. There is a sudden drop in pressure in the recirculation region when the wavy surface is present as compared with the dual jet with a plane wall surface and this drop goes on increasing as the amplitude increases. The wavy surface provides a favorable condition for the flow which results in the increased flow strength. The increase in the flow strength ultimately enhances the heat transfer rate. But, the increase in heat transfer is not monotonous. The heat transfer rate increases till the amplitude 0.5 thereafter it decreases. A maximum increase of 12% in the heat transfer rate is observed at A = 0.5. It is hoped that the present study opens a new line for the industries which deal with the cooling phenomenon.
A Dual-Vector Method to Derive the Equivalent Screw of Two Successive Finite Screw Displacements for Line Segments
Authors: Yu Zetao , Ting Kwun-Lon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor finite rigid body motion, every two successive screw displacements can be represented by one equivalent screw displacement. However, such phenomenon should not be considered naturally to be valid for incompletely specified displacements (ISDs). There is neither a precise statement for such phenomenon nor an understanding of its range of validity within ISD, such as line segment displacements. As one of the main contributions in this paper, based on dual vector algebra and screw theory, an algorithm is provided to prove the existence of the subset within the scope of the line segment motion, which expresses the similar relation as shown in finite rigid body motion. A numerical example is presented for illustrative purpose.
Patient and caregiver priorities in the transition from hospital to home: results from province-wide group concept mapping
Authors: Kiran Tara , Wells David , Okrainec Karen , Kennedy Carol , Devotta Kimberly , Mabaya Gracia , Phillips Lacey , Lang Amy , O'Campo Patricia 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundPatients and caregivers often face significant challenges when they are discharged home from hospital. We sought to understand what influenced patient and caregiver experience in the transition from hospital to home and which of these aspects they prioritised for health system improvement.MethodsWe conducted group concept mapping over 11 months with patients—and their caregivers—who were admitted to a hospital overnight in the last 3 years in Ontario, Canada and discharged home. Home included supportive housing, shelters and long-term care. Participants responded to a single focal prompt about what affected their experience during the transition. We summarised responses in unique statements. We then recruited participants to rate each statement on a five-point scale on whether addressing this gap should be a priority for the health system. The provincial quality agency recruited participants in partnership with patient, community and healthcare organisations. Participation was online, in-person or virtual.Results736 participants provided 2704 responses to the focal prompt. Unique concepts were summarised in 52 statements that were then rated by 271 participants. Participants rated the following three statements most highly as a gap that should be a priority for the health system to address (in rank order): ‘Not enough publicly funded home care services to meet the need’, ‘Home care support is not in place when arriving home from hospital’ and ‘Having to advocate to get enough home care’. The top priority was consistent across multiple subgroups.ConclusionsIn a country with universal health insurance, patients and caregivers from diverse backgrounds consistently prioritised insufficient public coverage for home care services as a gap the health system should address to improve the transition from hospital to home.
TGR5 signaling mitigates parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease
Authors: Willis Kent A. , Gomes Charles K. , Rao Prahlad , Micic Dejan , Moran E. Richard , Stephenson Erin , Puchowicz Michelle , Al Abdallah Qusai , Mims Tahliyah S. , Gosain Ankush , Yin Dengping , Talati Ajay J. , Chang Eugene B. , Han Joan C. , Pierre Joseph F. 
Published: January 2020

Bile acid receptors regulate the metabolic and immune functions of circulating enterohepatic bile acids. This process is disrupted by administration of parenteral nutrition (PN), which may induce progressive hepatic injury for unclear reasons, especially in the newborn, leading to PN-associated liver disease. To explore the role of bile acid signaling on neonatal hepatic function, we initially observed that Takeda G protein receptor 5 (TGR5)-specific bile acids were negatively correlated with worsening clinical disease markers in the plasma of human newborns with prolonged PN exposure. To test our resulting hypothesis that TGR5 regulates critical liver functions to PN exposure, we used TGR5 receptor deficient mice (TGR5−/−). We observed PN significantly increased liver weight, cholestasis, and serum hepatic stress enzymes in TGR5−/−mice compared with controls. Mechanistically, PN reduced bile acid synthesis genes in TGR5−/−. Serum bile acid composition revealed that PN increased unconjugated primary bile acids and secondary bile acids in TGR5−/−mice, while increasing conjugated primary bile acid levels in TGR5-competent mice. Simultaneously, PN elevated hepatic IL-6 expression and infiltrating macrophages in TGR5−/−mice. However, the gut microbiota of TGR5−/−mice compared with WT mice following PN administration displayed highly elevated levels of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides, and possibly responsible for the elevated levels of secondary bile acids in TGR5−/−animals. Intestinal bile acid transporters expression was unchanged. Collectively, this suggests TGR5 signaling specifically regulates fundamental aspects of liver bile acid homeostasis during exposure to PN. Loss of TGR5 is associated with biochemical evidence of cholestasis in both humans and mice on PN.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Parenteral nutrition is associated with deleterious metabolic outcomes in patients with prolonged exposure. Here, we demonstrate that accelerated cholestasis and parental nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) may be associated with deficiency of Takeda G protein receptor 5 (TGR5) signaling. The microbiome is responsible for production of secondary bile acids that signal through TGR5. Therefore, collectively, these data support the hypothesis that a lack of established microbiome in early life or under prolonged parenteral nutrition may underpin disease development and PNALD.
Role of microRNA-210-3p in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Morishita Asahiro , Fujita Koji , Iwama Hisakazu , Chiyo Taiga , Fujihara Shintaro , Oura Kyoko , Tadokoro Tomoko , Mimura Shima , Nomura Takako , Tani Joji , Yoneyama Hirohito , Kobayashi Kiyoyuki , Kamada Hideki , Guan Yu , Nishiyama Akira , Okano Keiichi , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Himoto Takashi , Shimotohno Kunitada , Masaki Tsutomu 
Published: January 2020

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocarcinogenesis is not necessarily associated with the liver fibrotic stage and is occasionally seen at early fibrotic stages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essentially 18- to 22-nucleotide-long endogenous noncoding RNAs. Aberrant miRNA expression is a common feature of various human cancers. The aberrant expression of specific miRNAs has been shown in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue compared with nontumor tissue. Thus, we examined targetable miRNAs as a potential new biomarker related to the high risk of HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis, toward the prevention of cancer-related deaths. HCC tissue samples from 29 patients who underwent hepatectomy at our hospital in 2002–2013 were obtained. We extracted the total RNA and analyzed it by microRNA array, real-time RT-PCR, and three comparisons: 1) HBV-related HCC and adjacent nontumor tissue, 2) HCV-related HCC and adjacent nontumor tissue, and 3) non-HBV-, non-HCV-related HCC and adjacent nontumor tissue. We also performed a functional analysis of miRNAs specific for HBV-related HCC by using HBV-positive HCC cell lines. MiR-210-3p expression was significantly increased only in the HBV-related HCC tissue samples. MiR-210-3p expression was upregulated, and the levels of its target genes were reduced in the HBV-positive HCC cells. The inhibition of miR-210-3p enhanced its target gene expression in the HBV-positive HCC cells. In addition, miR-210-3p regulated the HBx expression in HBV-infected Huh7/NTCP cells. The enhanced expression of miR-210-3p was detected specifically in HBV-related HCC and regulated various target genes, including HBx in the HBV-positive HCC cells. MiR-210-3p might, thus, be a new biomarker for the risk of HBV-related HCC. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our present study demonstrated that miR-210-3p is the only microRNA with enhanced expression in HBV-related HCC, and the enhanced expression of miR-210-3p upregulates HBx expression. Therefore, miR-210-3p might be a pivotal biomarker of HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis, and the inhibition of miR-210-3p could prevent inducing hepatocarcinogenesis related to HBV infection.
Novel method for optimizing the dewatering rate of a coal-bed methane well
Authors: Lu Xiuqin , Wu Zhiqi , Li Xuefei , Zhang Chen , Wang Ning , Huang Mulian , Liu Zhengshuai , Cai Yidong 
Published: January 2020

The reasonable dewatering rate in the single-phase water flow plays an essential role in pressure propagation and coal-bed methane production. However, current fluid velocity sensitivity experiments cannot provide an optimum dewatering rate for field coal-bed methane production. This study proposes a new method to optimize the dewatering rate for coal-bed methane wells by assuming the investigation distance reaches the well boundary when the bottom hole pressure declines to the critical desorption pressure. The effect of the stress sensitivity and fluid velocity sensitivity on pressure propagation was first simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics software. The results showed that the expansion area considering the stress sensitivity is shorter than that neglecting the stress sensitivity when the bottom hole pressure reached to the critical desorption pressure at 200 days. The expansion area with high dewatering rate will be shorter about 35 m than that with low dewatering rate at 200 days. The relationship between the maximum investigation distance and required time was established to optimize the dewatering rate by combining the pressure profile considering the influence of stress sensitivity with material balance equation. The new model indicates that the initial permeability, porosity, and cleat compressibility have an important effect on investigation distance. The simulation of these parameters’ sensitivity suggests that the bigger the ratio of initial permeability and porosity, the longer the investigation distance is, and the smaller the cleat compressibility is, the longer the expansion area is. According to this model, we need to take more than 600 days at 0.58 m/d constant dewatering rate to reach the maximum investigation distance of 0.67 mD initial permeability. This work can be conducive to choose reasonable dewatering rate in single-phase water flow for coal-bed methane well production.
Multiple rib fractures: A novel and prognostic CT-based classification system
Authors: Simpson Rosalind B , Dorman Jessica R , Hunt William J , Edwards John G 
Published: January 2020

Background The accepted classification for multiple rib fractures is binary: flail chest or not. There is a wide spectrum of morphology with subsequent variation in the impact on chest wall mechanics and clinical outcomes. As the practice of surgical stabilisation of rib fractures evolves, there is a need for a better taxonomy. The aim of this study was to create a data-driven radiological classification system for multiple rib fractures, prognostic of both complications and surgical stabilisation of rib fracture. Methods The radiological pattern of injury was assessed for cases undergoing surgical stabilisation of rib fracture (n = 48) over a five-year period and a consecutive sample of non-operative controls (n = 48). Every rib fracture (n = 1032) was assessed on CT scans for location, displacement and comminution. An iterative classification system was developed and tested for inter-observer agreement and outcome prediction. Results The fractures occurred in a ‘series’ (≥3 consecutive ribs at a similar location) in 72% of cases: these were more likely to be displaced (p < 0.001). Variables included in the classification were the anatomical pattern (presence, length and overlap of series) and degree of displacement. The classification was prognostic for complications (p < 0.001), discriminated for fixation (C = 0.907) and had acceptable inter-observer agreement (k = 0.50). Conclusions The Sheffield Multiple Rib Fracture Classification derived categories of short/long series, and short/long flail chest, with sub-division according to the presence of displacement. It was prognostic for clinical outcomes and of surgical fixation. It may facilitate communication, comparison of outcomes and selection for management protocols.
Neural stem cell-derived exosomes facilitate spinal cord functional recovery after injury by promoting angiogenesis
Authors: Zhong Dong , Cao Yong , Li Cheng-Jun , Li Miao , Rong Zi-Jie , Jiang Liyuan , Guo Zhu , Lu Hong-Bin , Hu Jian-Zhong 
Published: January 2020

Acute traumatic spinal cord injury is a devastating event without effective therapeutic approach. The feeble plasticity of spinal cord microvascular endothelial cells (SCMECs) after trauma is one of the major causes for the exacerbation of spinal cord injury. Therefore, improving the plasticity and regeneration of SCMECs is crucial to promote recovery after spinal cord injury. For the present study, we explored the influence of exosomes derived from neural stem cells (NSCs-Exos) on the spinal cord microvascular regeneration after spinal cord injury and determined the underlying mechanisms. After the primary NSCs and SCMECs were extracted, exosomes were isolated from NSCs conditioned medium and used to co-incubated with the SCMECs in vitro, and then the effect of exosomes on the angiogenic activities of SCMECs was measured. The candidate molecules involved in the NSCs-Exos-mediated angiogenesis were screened using Western blotting. The effect of NSCs-Exos on angiogenesis and spinal cord functional recovery after injury in vivo was analyzed. The results demonstrated that NSCs-Exos could enhance the angiogenic activities of SCMECs, and were highly enriched in VEGF-A. The level of VEGF-A was downregulated in NSCsshVEGF-A-Exos and the pro-angiogenic effects on cocultured SCMECs were inhibited. Furthermore, NSCs-Exos significantly accelerated the microvascular regeneration, reduced the spinal cord cavity, and improved the Basso mouse scale scores in spinal cord injury mice. This work provides the evidence of the underlying mechanism of NSCs-Exos-mediated angiogenesis and suggests a novel therapeutic target for spinal cord injury.Impact statementThe feeble plasticity of SCMECs after trauma is one of the major causes for the exacerbation of SCI. Therefore, improving the regeneration ability of SCMECs is crucial to promote spinal cord functional recovery after injury. Our current study uncovered that NSCs-Exos could promote SCMECs migration, tube formation and proliferation in vitro, and further identified that exosomal VEGF-A mediated the pro-angiogenic effect. Furthermore, we observed a remarkable microvascular density increase, spinal cord cavity shrinkage, and motor function recovery in SCI mice treated with NSCs-Exos, which confirmed the therapeutic effects of NSCs-Exos to alleviate SCI. Downregulating VEGF-A partially abolished these effects of NSCs-Exos. This is the first study to reveal that NSCs-Exos has the pro-angiogenic effect on SCMECs by transferring VEGF-A and promote microvascular regeneration and tissue healing, indicating that NSCs-Exos can become a promising therapeutic bioagent for facilitating the functional recovery of SCI.
Implementation of a Spine-Centered Care Pathway at a Regional Academic Spine Center
Authors: Ghobrial George M. , Wilson Jefferson , Franco Daniel , Vogl Kristen , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Harrop James S. 
Published: January 2020

Study Design: Retrospective case series. Objective: To describe the early implementation of an inpatient spinal surgery unit and measure the impact on cost and length of stay (LOS). Methods: A retrospective case review was performed for frequent spine-related diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) cared for by a dedicated multidisciplinary team: combined anterior/posterior (AP) spinal fusion with major complicating or comorbid condition (MCC), combined (AP) spinal fusion with CC, combined (AP) spinal fusion without complicating or comorbid (CC)/MCC, cervical spinal fusion with MCC, cervical spinal fusion with CC, and cervical spinal fusion without CC/MCC. Four time periods were compared: historical control, initial pathway implementation, full pathway implementation, and spine unit opening. Mean hospital LOS, mean and median total costs (USD), and ratio of costs-to-charges were analyzed. Results: The number of spine cases per interim ranged from 219 to 258. The mean overall hospital LOS and mean cost varied from 3.8 to 4.3 days for all DRGs across the time periods and was not significant. Cost also did not vary significantly throughout. Median variable cost per anterior/posterior spinal fusion procedure with a CC or MCC declined by 16 311, first with the institution of a spine pathway protocol by USD8738 and then USD7423 with the establishment of a spine care unit but did not reach significance. Conclusions: The use of a standardized, inpatient spine care pathway implemented by a multidisciplinary team may reduce the hospital length of stay and decrease overall costs.
Preoperative Maximization to Reduce Complications in Spinal Surgery
Authors: Maitra Sukanta , Mikhail Christopher , Cho Samuel K. , Daubs Michael D. 
Published: January 2020

Study design: Invited narrative review. Objectives: The aim of this review was to summarize current literature regarding risk factors that surgeons can optimize in the preoperative setting in the spinal surgery patient, in order to reduce complications and improve patient-reported outcomes. Methods: Review of the relevant literature by the authors. Results: Modifiable risk factors identified relative to the patient include obesity, malnutrition/nutrient deficiency, diabetes/hyperglycemia, preoperative anemia, vitamin D/DEXA (dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry), nicotine use/smoking, and opioid use/psychosocial factors. Conclusion: By maximizing a patient’s physiological and psychological status prior to elective spine surgery, we may move closer to achieving the goals of value-based care: improving patient-reported outcomes while decreasing the cost of care.
Clinical response to larotrectinib in adult Philadelphia chromosome–like ALL with cryptic ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangement
Authors: Nardi Valentina , Ku Nora , Frigault Matthew J. , Dubuc Adrian M. , Tsai Harrison Kwei , Amrein Philip C. , Hobbs Gabriela S. , Brunner Andrew M. , Narayan Rupa , Burke Meghan E. , Foster Julia , Dal Cin Paola , Maus Marcela V. , Fathi Amir T. , Hock Hanno 
Published: January 2020

Key Points
Larotrectinib has clinical activity in adult Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia with ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangements. ETV6-NTRK3 rearrangements can be cryptic and subclonal in Ph-like ALL at diagnosis and selected for with aggressive therapy.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal parasitic infections: a population-based study in the southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran
Authors: Abbaszadeh Afshar Mohammad Javad , Barkhori Mehni Maryam , Rezaeian Mostafa , Mohebali Mehdi , Baigi Vali , Amiri Somayeh , Amirshekari Mohammad Bagher , Hamidinia Ruhollah , Samimi Mohammad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDetermination of the prevalence and distribution pattern of intestinal parasites is a fundamental step to set up an effective control program to improve the health status. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county, southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 861 stool specimens were collected from inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county through a multistage cluster sampling method in 2018. The collected specimens were examined by parasitological methods including, direct wet-mounting (for the fresh specimens with a watery consistency), formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation and agar plate culture.ResultsThe prevalence of intestinal parasites was 34.2% (95% CI 30.1 to 38.2). The prevalence of protozoan parasites 32.3% (95% CI 28.4 to 36.5) was significantly higher than helminthic parasites 3.2% (95% CI 2.1 to 4.7).Blastocystis sp.(13.3%),Entamoeba coli(11.4%) andGiardia lamblia(10.6%) as protozoan parasite andHymenolepis nana(2.4%) as helminthic parasite were the most common detected intestinal parasites in the study.Entamoeba histolytica/dispar(1.5%),Iodamoeba bütschlii(1.0%),Chilomastix mesnili(0.5%),Entamoeba hartmanni(0.4%),Enterobius vermicularis(0.3%) andAscaris lambercoides(0.3%) were other detected parasites. Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant association of intestinal parasitic infections with source of drinking water and residency status (rural/urban). Multiple infections with 2 or 3 parasitic agents constituted 22.7% of 295 infected cases.ConclusionsThis study revealed a high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county. Intestinal parasites especially protozoans remain a challenging public health problem wherever sanitation and health measures are limited in Iran.