bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TEPUNG SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH SISTOLIK TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) DIABETES
Authors: Arifani Rochanisa Sita , Widyastuti Nurmasari , Nissa Choirun 
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang: Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah suatu kumpulan gejala yang timbul pada seseorang yang disebabkan karena adanya peningkatan kadar glukosa darah akibat penurunan sekresi insulin yang progresif dilatarbelakangi oleh resistensi insulin. Resistensi insulin mengakibatkan peningkatan lemak tubuh yang dapat mengganggu kerja sistem saraf, termasuk sinyal yang mengatur tekanan darah sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik. Mengkonsumsi serealia tinggi serat dan antioksin seperti sorgum dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pemberian tepung sorgum terhadap tekanan darah sistolik tikus wistar diabetes. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain true experimental pre and post test with randomized control group design. Sampel yang digunakan 18 ekor tikus wistar jantan, dibagi dalam 3 kelompok secara acak yaitu kontrol positif (K+), negatif (K-), dan perlakuan tepung sorgum (P). K+ dan P di injeksi STZ 45 mg/kgBB dan NA 110 mg/kgBB. Kelompok K – dan K + diberi pakan standar sebanyak 20 g/hari, sedangkan P diberi pakan yang terdiri dari tepung sorgum 5 g/hari dan pakan standar sebanyak 15 g/hari selama 28 hari. Tiga hari setelah injeksi, hari ke-14 intervensi, dan paska intervensi tikus diperiksa tekanan darah sistolik menggunakan metode pengukuran langsung di ekor tikus secara non invasif menggunakan spyghmomanometer. Intervensi pemberian tepung sorgum pada kelompok P diberikan selama 28 hari. Analisis data menggunakan uji paired t-test, one way anova, dan kruskal wallis.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan tekanan darah sistolik tikus sebelum intervensi (p=0,003) dan setelah intervensi (p=0,001). Kelompok K- dan K+ mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik dan pada kelompok P terjadi penurunan tekanan darah sistolik. Penurunan tekanan darah sistolik pada kelompok perlakuan sebesar 89,3 mmHg (43,9%).Simpulan: Tepung sorgum dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik tikus wistar diabetes secara signifikan.
KANDUNGAN GIZI DAN DAYA TERIMA COOKIES BERBASIS TEPUNG IKAN TERI (Stolephorus sp) SEBAGAI PMT-P UNTUK BALITA GIZI KURANG
Authors: Ramadhan Rahmawati , Nuryanto Nuryanto , Wijayanti Hartanti Sandi 
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang: Ikan Teri (Stolephorus sp) merupakan pangan lokal di Kabupaten Tegal yang potensial dijadikan PMT-P untuk balita gizi kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh subtitusi tepung ikan teri terhadap kandungan gizi dan daya terima PMT-P Cookies Ikan Teri.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor dengan variasi persentase subtitusi tepung ikan teri (n=4) dari F0= 0% (kontrol), F1= 10%, F2=15% dan F3=20%. Kadar protein diukur dengan menggunakan metode Micro-Kjedahl, karbohidrat dengan metode by difference, lemak dengan metode Soxhlet, energi melalui perhitungan, kadar air dengan metode gravimetri, kadar abu dengan metode pengabuan kering dan kadar kalsium serta besi diukur dengan menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Daya terima menggunakan uji hedonik. Hasil: Rata-rata kandungan gizi per 100 gram PMT-P cookies ikan teri F0, F1,F2, dan F3 secara berturut-turut adalah energi sebesar 424±0,24; 421±0,97; 413±0,42; 422±0,40; protein sebesar 7,67±0,20; 9,48±0,03; 11,85±0,07; 12,77±0,08 g; lemak sebanyak 9,20±0,04; 10,35±0,18; 9,58±0,12; 10.47±0.11 g, karbohidrat sebesar 77,70±0,17; 72,59±0,16; 70,03±0,25; 69,17±0,17 g; kadar air sebanyak 3,75±0,03; 4,56±0,01; 4,66±0,03; 4,40±0,06 %; kadar abu sebesar 1,66±0,01; 3,01±0,03; 3,86±0,02; 3,18±0,02 %; besi 4,04±0,08; 4,51±0,06; 4,78±0,08; 5,32±0,14 mg; dan kalsium sebanyak 1419±3,02; 2600±1,98; 2880±1,98; 3133±2,29 mg. Semakin tinggi subtitusi tepung ikan teri semakin rendah daya terima warna, aroma, dan rasa cookies. Cookies yang mendekati standar permenkes dan daya terimanya baik yaitu F1 dengan subtitusi tepung ikan teri sebanyak 10%.Simpulan: Semakin meningkat subtitusi tepung ikan teri maka semakin meningkat protein, lemak, kadar air, kadar abu, besi, dan kalsium serta menurunnya karbohidrat juga daya terima warna, aroma, dan rasa cookies ikan teri.
EXPERIÊNCIAS DE SUCESSO
Authors: STHEM Brasil Editores 
Published: April 2020

Este número do International Journal on Active Learning traz experiências em diferentes contextos e com diferentes estratégias ativas para a sala de aula. A diversidade de propostas mostra o potencial dessas estratégias, que colocam o estudante participando ativamente e operando ativamente sobre o seu objeto de aprendizagem.
Nesse contexto e para além da aprendizagem do conteúdo específico das disciplinas, o desenvolvimento de habilidades e comportamentos ganham destaque, levando o estudante a uma formação mais ampla de competências que transpassam disciplinas e colmatam lacunas na formação, tornando até mesmo a aprendizagem mais interessante pelo seu significado para a vida e para a formação profissional.
Este número do IJOAL mostra o resultado do esforço de professores que, após passarem pela formação do consórcio STHEM Brasil, levaram novas experiências para os espaços de aprendizagem nos quais atuam. A formação STHEM Brasil tem promovido algo além da capacitação em estratégias ativas para aprendizagem, mas também uma troca de experiências que fortalece tanto professores como as instituições participantes.

Editores STHEM Brasil
MAX share this! Vote for us! Analysis of pre-election Facebook communication and audience reactions of Latvia’s populist party KPV LV leader Aldis Gobzems
Authors: Rozukalne Anda 
Published: April 2020

This article analyses the communication content by the Latvian populistic party KPV LV (LETA; Re: Baltica) and the audience’s reaction, with a focus on the daily updates and live videos that were posted on Facebook (FB) prior to the 13th elections of the Saeima (Parliament of Latvia). The aim of the research is to determine the type of populism that KPV LV employed (de Wreese, 2018).
The research data was collected during the pre-election period in August – September 2018, when the popularity and social media activity of the party increased. The methods employed were qualitative and quantitative content analysis. In order to identify the structure of emotions expressed in audience-created content, the online data analysis tool “Emotion Recognition Model” was used. Given that populist ideology manifests itself in specific discursive patterns (Kriesi, Papas, 2015), the data interpretation was based on theoretical findings about populism as a political communication style (Jagers, Walgrave, 2007). In order to analyze the interrelations between populist communication and its audience, this study employed theoretical literature on social media use in populist communication and on expressions of emotions in social networking sites.
Üst gastrointestinal sistem endoskopi uygulanan hastalarda intestinal metaplazi sıklığının araştırılması
Authors: AYDIN Muhammet 
Published: April 2020

Giriş ve Amaç: İntestinal metaplazi; epitelyumun, kronik mukozal irritasyona bağlı olarak bağırsakta bulunana benzer bir epitel türüne dönüşümüdür. İntestinal metaplazinin risk faktörleri; Helicobacter pylori enfeksiyonu, etnik köken, sigara ve alkol kullanımı, hormonlar, pH’daki değişimler, yüksek tuz alımı ve kronik safra reflüsünü içermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı endikasyonlarla endoskopi uygulanan hastalarda intestinal metaplazi varlığını ve risk faktörleri ile ilişkisini araştırmak, ayrıca literatür eşliğinde intestinal metaplazi yaygınlığını irdelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastaların yaş ve cinsiyet gibi demografik özellikleri, sigara ve alkol kullanımı, aile öyküsü, pilorun açıklık durumu, endoskopik metaplazi bulguları, patolojik bulguları (histopatolojik özellikler, safra gastriti, Helicobacter pylori, atrofi, displazi ve intestinal metaplazi varlığı) intestinal metaplazi türü, Helicobacter pylori varlığı, kaydedilerek retrospektif olarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaşları 15-49 yıl arasında değişmekte olan toplam 217 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların 106’sı (%48.8) erkek olup, ortalama yaş 33.23±7.87 yıl olarak saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların 88’i (%43.3) sigara ve 46’sı (%22.7) alkol kullanmaktadır. Hastaların 51’inde (%23.5) endoskopide metaplazi görüntüsü saptanırken, patolojik raporu metaplazi olarak gelen hastaların sayısı ise 72’dir (%33.18). Saptanan metaplazilerin tamamı komplet tür metaplazidir. Hastaların 85’inde (%39.17) Helicobacter pylori pozitif saptanırken, bu hastaların 75’inde (%34.56) Helicobacter pylori varlığı patolojik olarak doğrulanmıştır. Metaplazi saptanan ve saptanmayan olgular arasında Helicobacter pylori pozitifliği, sigara ve alkol kullanımı, yaş, cinsiyet ve aile öyküsü açısından anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (hepsi için p >0.05).
Sonuç: İntestinal metaplazi sıklığı yeme alışkanlıkları ve yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ile büyük ölçüde azaltılabilir. İntestinal metaplazinin yeterince erken bir aşamada saptanarak tedavi edilmesi, mide kanseri sıklığının azaltılması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Sero-prevalence of unvaccinated adolescent girls susceptible to rubella virus infection seen in a tertiary care hospital of Patna, Bihar, India
Authors: Prasad Dipali , Prasad Nidhi , Prakash Vidyut , Parveen Sadia , Mishra Urvashi 
Published: April 2020

Background: Rubella infection occurring during early pregnancy results in congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). WHO estimates that worldwide more than 100,000 children are born with CRS each year and most of them are in the developing countries. For assessing population immunity against rubella, sero-surveys are generally recommended among adolescent girls and reproductive age female. In India, sero-surveys conducted by different authors have indicated that about 10-30% of adolescent females are susceptible to rubella infection. Adolescent girls are selected because they are at a critical stage of child bearing age and their immunity against Rubella infection is the particular area of interest. objective of this study was to estimate the sero-prevalence of unvaccinated adolescent girls susceptible to Rubella virus infection attending a tertiary care hospital of Patna and then accordingly counsel for vaccination.Methods: A total 150 adolescent girls in the age group of 10-19 years who had not received MMR vaccine were included in the study. Serum IgG antibody titer for rubella was estimated by the ELISA method.Results: A total 65.33% of the adolescent girls were found to be rubella seropositive and (34.67%) were seronegative. The urban adolescent girls had a higher seropositivity of 85.2% as compared to rural adolescent girls.Conclusions: The study indicates that a substantial number of adolescents (34.67%) are seronegative and hence susceptible to rubella infection.
Identifikasi Mindset Kewirausahaan Masyarakat Daerah Semau – Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Rachmawati Dyna , Tulipa Diyah , Srianta Ignatius , Ellitan Lena , Joewono Andrew , Rahayu Mudjilah 
Published: April 2020

Produksi jambu gondangmanis setiap tahunnya mengalami penurunan, hal ini disebabkan serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman, akibat menurunnya kualitas lahan, dan kesuburan tanahnya.Selain itu belum adanya teknik budidaya yang baik sehingga jambu Gondangmanis hanya tumbuh secata konvensional saja. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini, untuk program pendampingan, pelatihan dan pengembangan jambu Gondangmanis menjadi desa wisata petik jambu.Pelaksanaan Kegiatan dimulai April 2019 sampai Agustus 2019, di Desa Gondangmanis, kec. Bandar kedungmulyo, Jombang.Metode yang di gunakan adalah demplot budidaya, dan indept interview.Hasil pendampingan di tahun ke 3 ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa telah di lakukan pendampingan, pelatihan dan budidaya produksi jambu Gondangmanis.Partisipasi masyarakat, khususnya yang terlibat dalam kegiatan pengembangan jambu, dan pemanfaatan limbah ternak sangat tinggi. Demikian pula dukungan dari tokoh masyarakat dan perangkat desa serta tingkat kecamatan sangat mendukung. Juga telah di rintis terbentuknya wisata kampung jambu Gondangmanis.Telah terbentuk kelompok Masyarakat jambu Gondangmanis dan Kelompok Sadar Wisata (POKDARWIS).Peran Dinas Pertanian dan Peternakan juga Bappeda Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Jombang juga sangat tinggi, karena selama proses persiapan dan koordinasi selalu mendapat perhatian dari pimpinan Pemda, terbukti dengan terbentuknya wisata unggulan jombang.
Maternal and neonatal outcome of births planned in alongside midwifery units: A cohort study from a tertiary center in Germany
Authors: Merz Waltraut Maria , Tascon-Padron Laura , Puth Marie-Therese , Heep Andrea , Tietjen Sophia L. , Schmid Matthias , Gembruch Ulrich 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background For healthy women entering birth after uneventful pregnancy, midwife-led models of care have the potential to reduce interventions and increase the vaginal birth rate. In Germany, 98.4% of women are giving birth in consultant-led obstetric units. Alongside midwifery units (AMU) have been established in 2003. We compared the outcome of women registered for planned birth in the AMU at our hospital with a matched group of low-risk women who gave birth in standard obstetric care during the same period of time. Methods We used a retrospective cohort study design. The study group consisted of all women admitted to labor ward who had registered for birth in AMU from 2010 to 2017. For the control group, low-risk women were selected; additionally, matching was performed for parity. Mode of birth was chosen as primary outcome parameter for the mother. For the neonate, a composite primary outcome (5-minute Apgar <7 or umbilical cord arterial pH < 7.10 or transfer to specialist neonatal care) was defined. Secondary outcomes included epidural anesthesia, duration of the second stage of labor, episiotomy, obstetric injury, and postpartum hemorrhage. Non-inferiority was assessed, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Results 612 women were admitted for labor in AMU, the control group consisted of 612 women giving birth in standard obstetric care. Women in the study group were on average older and had a higher BMI; birthweight was on average 95 g higher. Non-inferiority could be established for the primary outcome parameters. Epidural anesthesia and episiotomy rates were lower, and the mean duration of the second stage of labor was shorter in the study group; second-degree perineal tears were less common, higher-order obstetric lacerations occurred more frequently. Overall, 50.3% of women were transferred to standard obstetric care. Regression analysis revealed effects of parity, age and birthweight on the chance of transfer. Conclusion Compared to births in our consultant-led obstetric unit, the outcome of births planned in the AMU was not inferior, and intervention rates were lower. Our results support the integration of AMU as a complementary model of care for low-risk women.
The role of tobacco and alcohol use in the interaction of social determinants of non-communicable diseases in Nepal: a systems perspective
Authors: Sharma Sudesh Raj , Matheson Anna , Lambrick Danielle , Faulkner James , Lounsbury David W , Vaidya Abhinav , Page Rachel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Tobacco and alcohol use are major behavioural risks in developing countries like Nepal, which are contributing to a rapid increase in non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This causal relationship is further complicated by the multi-level social determinants such as socio-political context, socio-economic factors and health systems. The systems approach has potential to facilitate understanding of such complex causal mechanisms. The objective of this paper is to describe the role of tobacco and alcohol use in the interaction of social determinants of NCDs in Nepal. Method: The study was a qualitative study design guided by the Systemic Intervention methodology. The study involved key informant interviews (n=63) and focus group discussions (n=12) at different levels (policy, district and/or community) and was informed by the adapted Social Determinants of Health Framework . The data analysis involved case study-based thematic analysis using framework approach and development of causal loop diagrams. The study also involved three sense-making sessions with key stakeholders. Results: Three key interacting themes emerged during the data analysis. Widespread availability of tobacco and alcohol products contributed to the use and addiction of tobacco and alcohol. Low focus on prevention by health systems and policy influence of tobacco and alcohol companies were the major contributors to the problem. Gender and socio-economic status of families/communities were identified as key social determinants of tobacco and alcohol use. These interacting themes were utilised to develop causal loop diagrams and system archetypes. Conclusion: Tobacco and alcohol use facilitated interaction of the social determinants of NCDs in the context of Nepal. Socio-economic status of families was both driver and outcome of tobacco and alcohol use. Health system actions to prevent NCDs were delayed mainly due to lack of system insights and policy influence. A multi-sectoral response led by the health system is urgently needed.
M1 macrophage features in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria patients with pulmonary oedema
Authors: Klinkhamhom Aekkarin , Glaharn Supattra , Sris Charit , Ampawong Sumate , Krudsood Srivicha , Ward Stephen A. , Viriyavejakul Parnpen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Pulmonary oedema (PE) is a serious complication of severe P. falciparum malaria which can lead to acute lung injury in severe cases. Lung macrophages are activated during malaria infection due to a complex host-immune response. The molecular basis for macrophage polarisation is still unclear but understanding the predominant subtypes could lead to new therapeutic strategies where the diseases present with lung involvement. The present study was designed to study the polarisation of lung macrophages, as M1 or M2 macrophages, in the lungs of severe P. falciparum malaria patients with and without evidence of PE. Methods Lung tissue samples, taken from patients who died from severe P. falciparum malaria, were categorised into severe malaria with PE and without PE (non-PE). Expression of surface markers (CD68- all macrophages, CD40- M1 macrophage and CD163- M2 macrophage) on activated lung macrophages was used to quantify M1/M2 macrophage subtypes. Results Lung injury was demonstrated in malaria patients with PE. The expression of CD40 (M1 macrophage) was prominent in the group of severe P. falciparum malaria patients with PE ( p < 0.05), whereas there was no difference observed for CD163 (M2 macrophage) between PE and non-PE groups. Conclusions The study demonstrates M1 polarisation in lung tissues from severe P. falciparum malaria infections with PE. Understanding the nature of macrophage characterisation in malaria infection may provide new insights into therapeutic approaches that could be deployed to reduce lung damage in severe P. falciparum malaria.
Serum IgG-induced microglial activation enhances neuronal cytolysis via the NO/sGC/PKG pathway in children with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome and neuroblastoma
Authors: Ding Xu , Yang Wei , Ren Qinghua , Hu Jiajian , Yang Shen , Han Wei , Wang Jing , Wang Xu , Wang Huanmin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disease. Some children with OMS also have neuroblastoma (NB). We and others have previously documented that serum IgG from children with OMS and NB induces neuronal cytolysis and activates several signaling pathways. However, the mechanisms underlying OMS remain unclear. Here we investigated whether nitric oxide (NO) from activated microglias and its cascade contribute to neuronal cytolysis in pediatric OMS.Methods: The activation of cultured cerebral cortical and cerebellar microglias incubated with sera or IgG isolated from sera of children with OMS and NB was measured by the expression of the activation marker, cytokines and NO. Neuronal cytolysis was determined after exposing to IgG-treated microglia conditioned media. Using inhibitors and activators, the effects of NO synthesis and its intracellular cascade, namely soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and protein kinase G (PKG), on neuronal cytolysis were evaluated.Results: Incubation with sera or IgG from children with OMS and NB increased the activation of cerebral cortical and cerebellar microglias, but not the activation of astrocytes or the cytolysis of glial cells. Moreover, the cytolysis of neurons was elevated by conditioned media from microglias incubated with IgG from children with OMS and NB. Furthermore, the expression of NO, sGC and PKG was increased. Neuronal cytolysis was relieved by the inhibitors of NO signaling, while neuronal cytolysis was exacerbated by the activators of NO signaling but not proinflammatory cytokines. The cytolysis of neurons was suppressed by pretreatment with the microglial inhibitor minocycline, a clinically tested drug. Finally, increased microglial activation did not depend on the Fab fragment of serum IgG.Conclusions: Serum IgG from children with OMS and NB potentiates microglial activation, which induces neuronal cytolysis through the NO/sGC/PKG pathway, suggesting an applicability of microglial inhibitor as a therapeutic candidate.
Cattle gastrointestinal nematode egg-spiked faecal samples: high recovery rates using the Mini-FLOTAC technique
Authors: Amadesi Alessandra , Bosco Antonio , Rinaldi Laura , Cringoli Giuseppe , Claerebout Edwin , Maurelli Maria Paola 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : Faecal egg count (FEC) techniques are commonly used to detect gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) in cattle and to determine anthelmintic efficacy/resistance through the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Mini-FLOTAC is one of the techniques recommended for a standardised FEC/FECRT of helminth eggs in cattle. However, only one paper evaluated the recovery rate of GIN eggs by Mini-FLOTAC (compared to McMaster and modified-Wisconsin) in cattle, using only the level of contamination of 200 eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces and using GIN eggs collected from goat faeces to spike faecal samples from cattle. To further study the recovery rate of added GIN eggs from cattle, this study was conducted in two laboratories, one in Belgium and one in Italy to evaluate sensitivity, accuracy, precision and reproducibility of Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster (at two reading levels: grids and chambers) for the detection of GIN eggs in spiked bovine faecal samples. Methods: In both countries, spiked cattle faecal samples with five different levels of egg contamination (10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 EPG) of GINs were used. The study was performed in both laboratories by the same expert operator and using the same standard operating procedures (SOPs) for Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster. Sensitivity, accuracy and precision were calculated for each technique and for each level of contamination. Moreover, statistical analyses were performed to evaluate differences between performances of techniques used. Results : Mini-FLOTAC had a higher sensitivity (100% at all EPG levels for Mini-FLOTAC vs 0-66.6% for McMaster chambers and grids at levels <100 EPG), a higher accuracy (98.1% mean value for Mini-FLOTAC vs 83.2% for McMaster grids and 63.8% for McMaster chambers) and a lower coefficient of variation (10.0% for Mini-FLOTAC vs 47.5% for McMaster grids and 69.4% for McMaster chambers) than McMaster. There was no significant difference between the recovery of GIN eggs from the two studies performed in Belgium and in Italy. Conclusions : The high GIN eggs recovery rate detected by Mini-FLOTAC and the similar results obtained in Belgium and in Italy indicated that the diagnostic performance of a FEC technique was not regard to the laboratory environment.