bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between coffee intake, obstructive sleep apnea risk, and type 2 diabetes glycemic control, in Tabuk City, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a case–control study
Authors: Elnour Mohammed Adam Ahmed , Saleh Abdulmoneim Ahmed , Kalantan Mowffaq Mohammed , Mirghani Hyder Osman 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives
The study aimed to assess the relationship between coffee intake, obstructive sleep apnea risk (OSA), and glycemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus.

Results
There were 110 patients with diabetes and 96 healthy control subjects (matched for age and sex) attending a diabetes center زinTabuk, Saudi Arabia during the period from June 2018–October 2019. Stop-Bang questionnaire was used to assess OSA risk, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale to investigate daytime sleepiness. OSA risk and daytime sleepiness were higher among patients with diabetes compared to controls (4.34 ± 1.61 vs. 2.86 ± 1.24, and 8.31 ± 4.40 vs. 6.39 ± 3.70 respectively, P < 0.5), while coffee consumption was not (4.64 ± 3.95 vs. 3.45 ± 3.06, P > 0.05). Women with diabetes were younger with short duration since the diagnosis of diabetes and consumed less coffee compared to men, P < 0.5. A negative correlation was found between coffee consumption and the duration of diabetes, while no correlation was found between coffee intake, the glycated hemoglobin, OSA risk, sex, and daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness and OSA risk were commoners among patients with diabetes, they were not correlated with coffee consumption which was negatively correlated with the duration since diabetes diagnosis. Further larger multi-center studies investigating coffee intake among patients newly diagnosed with diabetes are recommended.
Comprehensive longitudinal study of epigenetic mutations in aging
Authors: Wang Yunzhang , Karlsson Robert , Jylhävä Juulia , Hedman Åsa K. , Almqvist Catarina , Karlsson Ida K. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Almgren Malin , Hägg Sara 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The role of DNA methylation in aging has been widely studied. However, epigenetic mutations, here defined as aberrant methylation levels compared to the distribution in a population, are less understood. Hence, we investigated longitudinal accumulation of epigenetic mutations, using 994 blood samples collected at up to five time points from 375 individuals in old ages.

Results
We verified earlier cross-sectional evidence on the increase of epigenetic mutations with age, and identified important contributing factors including sex, CD19+ B cells, genetic background, cancer diagnosis, and technical artifacts. We further classified epigenetic mutations into High/Low Methylation Outliers (HMO/LMO) according to their changes in methylation, and specifically studied methylation sites (CpGs) that were prone to mutate (frequently mutated CpGs). We validated four epigenetically mutated CpGs using pyrosequencing in 93 samples. Furthermore, by using twins, we concluded that the age-related accumulation of epigenetic mutations was not related to genetic factors, hence driven by stochastic or environmental effects.

Conclusions
Here we conducted a comprehensive study of epigenetic mutation and highlighted its important role in aging process and cancer development.
Impacts of florfenicol on the microbiota landscape and resistome as revealed by metagenomic analysis
Authors: Zeng Qifan , Liao Chao , Terhune Jeffery , Wang Luxin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Drug-resistant fish pathogens can cause significant economic loss to fish farmers. Since 2012, florfenicol has become an approved drug for treating both septicemia and columnaris diseases in freshwater fish. Due to the limited drug options available for aquaculture, the impact of the therapeutical florfenicol treatment on the microbiota landscape as well as the resistome present in the aquaculture farm environment needs to be evaluated.

Results
Time-series metagenomic analyses were conducted to the aquatic microbiota present in the tank-based catfish production systems, in which catfish received standard therapeutic 10-day florfenicol treatment following the federal veterinary regulations. Results showed that the florfenicol treatment shifted the structure of the microbiota and reduced the biodiversity of it by acting as a strong stressor. Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and 13 other phyla were susceptible to the florfenicol treatment and their abundance was inhibited by the treatment. In contrast, the abundance of several bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia phyla increased. These bacteria with increased abundance either harbor florfenicol-resistant genes (FRGs) or had beneficial mutations. The florfenicol treatment promoted the proliferation of florfenicol-resistant genes. The copy number of phenicol-specific resistance genes as well as multiple classes of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) exhibited strong correlations across different genetic exchange communities (p < 0.05), indicating the horizontal transfer of florfenicol-resistant genes among these bacterial species or genera. Florfenicol treatment also induced mutation-driven resistance. Significant changes in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies were observed in membrane transporters, genes involved in recombination, and in genes with primary functions of a resistance phenotype.

Conclusions
The therapeutical level of florfenicol treatment significantly altered the microbiome and resistome present in catfish tanks. Both intra-population and inter-population horizontal ARG transfer was observed, with the intra-population transfer being more common. The oxazolidinone/phenicol-resistant gene optrA was the most prevalent transferred ARG. In addition to horizontal gene transfer, bacteria could also acquire florfenicol resistance by regulating the innate efflux systems via mutations. The observations made by this study are of great importance for guiding the strategic use of florfenicol, thus preventing the formation, persistence, and spreading of florfenicol-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in aquaculture.
Monitoring the Athlete Match Response: Can External Load Variables Predict Post-match Acute and Residual Fatigue in Soccer? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Hader Karim , Rumpf Michael C. , Hertzog Maxime , Kilduff Liam P. , Girard Olivier , Silva Joao R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Monitoring athletes’ external load during a soccer match may be useful to predict post-match acute and residual fatigue. This estimation would allow individual adjustments to training programs to minimize injury risk, improve well-being, and restore players’ physical performance and inform the recovery process.

Methods
Using a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature, the aim is to determine which monitoring variables would be the strongest predictors of acute (immediately) and residual (up to 72 h) fatigue states in soccer. PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched (until September 2018). Studies concurrently examining soccer match-related external load metrics and subjective and/or objective measures were selected to determine pooled correlations ($$ \overline{r} $$r¯) with confidence intervals (CI). The quality and strength of the findings of each study were evaluated to identify overall levels of evidence.

Results
Eleven studies were included (n = 165 athletes). Acute ($$ \overline{r} $$r¯ = 0.67; 95% CI = [0.40, 0.94]) and residual (24 h post-match, $$ \overline{r} $$r¯ = 0.54; 95% CI = [0.35, 0.65]) changes in muscle damage markers and countermovement jump peak power output (CMJPPO) were, with moderate to strong evidence, largely correlated with running distance above 5.5 m s−1. No other external load metric was largely correlated with both biochemical and neuromuscular markers. For every 100-m run above 5.5 m·s−1, CK activity measured 24 h post-match increased by 30% and CMJPPO decreased by 0.5%. Conversely, the total distance covered did not present any evidence of a clear relationship with any fatigue-related marker at any time-point.

Conclusions
Running distance above 5.5 m·s−1 represents the most sensitive monitoring variable characterizing biochemical and neuromuscular responses, at least when assessed during the initial 24 h (not at 48 h/72 h) post-match recovery period. In addition, total distance covered is not sensitive enough to inform decision-making during the fatigue monitoring process.
Utilization of long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factors among married women in Adama town, Central Ethiopia: community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Desalegn Markos , Belachew Ayele , Gizaw Muluken , Kejela Gemechu , Gudeta Robsan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods have clear advantages over short-acting methods of contraception that benefit both clients and health systems. Despite this importance, studies show that the proportion of women currently using long acting and permanent contraceptive methods are significantly lower than the proportion using short-acting methods.

Objective
The main aim of the study was to assess the level of utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factors among married women in Adama town.

Methodology
Community Based Cross-Sectional Study was conducted in four kebeles of Adama town from April 15–30, 2015. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The collected data was cleaned and entered using Epi info 3.5.3 and analyzed using statistical package for social science version 20.0. Factors associated with utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods were identified using logistic regression model.

Result
In this study, the magnitude of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods was 20.9%. Implant, Intra-Uterine devices (IUDs) and tubal ligation accounted for 16.1, 4.6, and 0.2% respectively. Current use of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods was higher among women who had high knowledge (AOR = 5.26, 95% CI = 1.90–14.69), positive attitude (AOR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.60–6.58) and women who had 3–4 children (AOR [95%CI] =2.3[1.14–4.63]) compared to those who had no child.

Conclusion
Current use of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods in Adama town was low. Level of knowledge, attitude about the methods, and number of children were factors affecting utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods. Targeted Information Education Communication Intervention should be intensified to improve the utilization of these methods.
Ovulation rates in a stair-step protocol with Letrozole vs clomiphene citrate in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Thomas S. , Woo I. , Ho J. , Jones T. , Paulson R. , Chung K. , Bendikson K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To compare ovulation rates between Letrozole and Clomiphene Citrate (CC) using a stair-step protocol to achieve ovulation induction in women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort of predominantly Hispanic PCOS women of reproductive age who completed ovulation induction (OI) comparing women who underwent Letrozole stair-step protocol to those who underwent OI with CC stair-step. All women had a diagnosis of PCOS based on the 2003 Rotterdam criteria. For both protocols, sequentially higher doses of Letrozole or CC were given 7 days after the last dose if no dominant follicles were seen on ultrasonography. The primary outcome was ovulation rate (determined by presence of a dominant follicle) between the two treatment groups. Secondary outcomes included time to ovulation, clinical pregnancy rates and side effects.

Results
49 PCOS patients completed a Letrozole stair-step cycle and 43 completed a CC stair-step cycle for OI. Overall, demographics were comparable between both groups. Ovulation rates with the Letrozole stair-step protocol were equivalent to CC stair-step protocol (96% vs 88%, p = 0.17). Although the mean time (days) to ovulation was shorter in the Letrozole group (19.5 vs 23.1, p = 0.027), the pregnancy rates were similar for both groups.

Conclusions
This is the first study to date that has compared the efficacy of the stair-step protocol in PCOS patients using Letrozole and CC. Both Letrozole and CC can be prescribed in a stair-step fashion. Letrozole stair-step was as efficacious as CC stair-step; patients achieved comparable rates of ovulation and clinical pregnancy. Time to ovulation was shorter in the Letrozole protocol.
A case of scalp avulsion with prolonged ischemic time: indocyanine green angiography can aid in predicting replant survival
Authors: Huang Xin , Wang Zhichao , Liu Caiyue , Gu Shuchen , Gao Yashan , Xu Xiangwen , Zan Tao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Microsurgical replantation has become the most favorable treatment option for scalp avulsion. However, the accurate prediction of postoperative replant viability remains challenging.

Case presentation
In this article, we showed that (indocyanine green angiography, ICGA) can provide a much more precise prediction of replant necrosis than conventional clinical assessment in a rare case of complete scalp avulsion with prolonged ischemia time.

Conclusion
Clinical assessment of replant survival may be misleading in cases of complex tissue injuries and prolonged ischemic stress. This case provides insight into the promising utility of ICGA as an important adjuvant tool to better assess tissue perfusion and viability in scalp avulsion and possibly other types of replantation.
Histopathological and biochemical alterations in Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg 1867) as biomarkers of exposure to monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in oil impacted site
Authors: Doherty Funmilayo V. , Aneyo Idowu , Otitoloju Adebayo A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMonocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are toxic compounds which are major components of petroleum products. This study was aimed at identifying histopathological alterations and changes in antioxidants defense systems inEudrilus eugeniae(earthworm) that can be used as good battery of biomarkers for early detection of pollution associated with hydrocarbons. The toxicological evaluations of benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene (BTEX) were carried out againstE. eugeniae.Earthworm samples were collected around oil impacted and control sites. The effect of BTEX was investigated on oxidative stress markers ofE. eugeniae.ResultsResults showed that xylene (1.2 mg/kg) was the most toxic compound, followed by toluene (1.3 mg/kg), ethylbenzene (1.4 mg/kg), and benzene (1.9 mg/kg). The biochemical responses revealed an increase in malondialdehyde level and decrease in the level of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione-S-transferase inE. eugeniaecollected around the oil impacted area of Ijegun. The results from the laboratory studies were confirmed in the field studies. Significant histopathological alterations in the whole organisms were observed in both field and laboratory studies. The pathological findings include cellular and epidermal degeneration, and presence of pigment and inclusion bodies.ConclusionThe results reflect the biological effects of hydrocarbon pollution, thus confirming the relevance of histopathological and antioxidant enzymes as biomarkers for detection of hydrocarbon pollution during environmental monitoring programs.
Phylogenetic characteristics of novel Bacillus weihenstephanensis and Pseudomonas sp. to desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Mashtoly Tamer A. , El-Zemaity Mohamed S. , Abolmaaty Assem , Abdelatef Gamal M. , Marzouk Ashraf A. , Reda Mohamed 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thirty bacterial isolates were isolated from the gut contents of diseased/dead locust. Their pathogenicity was tested against 4th instar nymphs of desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria Forskål (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Two isolates, designated DL2 and DL6, out of thirty showed the highest insecticidal activities against locust nymphs in preliminary bracketing. They were bioassayed via leaf dip and per os techniques and toxicity was determined using SAS program. The insecticidal activity of DL6 was more than DL2, whereas LC50’s values of 35 × 106 and 13 × 106 cfu’s/ml were determined for DL2 and DL6, respectively, after 48 h of leaf-dip treatment. However, LD50’s value of 53 × 106 and 26 × 106 cfu’s/ml was determined for DL2 and DL6, respectively, after 24 h of per os treatment. The relative potencies of DL6 to DL2 were (2.6 and 2.03) folds in leaf-dip and per os treatments, respectively. Biochemical characterization was conducted, using GEN III MicroPlate™ Biolog identification system and confirmed with molecular identification via 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Nucleotide sequencing of each was submitted to a gene bank and an accession number was generated for each isolate. Obtained bacterial strains DL2 and DL6 were identified as Bacillus weihenstephanensis (KY630645) and Pseudomonas sp. (KY630649), with a similarity of 100 and 75% to B. weihenstephanensis strain PHCDB9 (NR_024697) and Pseudomonas sp. strain DSM11821 (KF417541), respectively. The tested strains proved their potential to be bio-pesticide agents involved in controlling desert locust nymphs.

Graphical abstract
Differential responses of certain field pea and cowpea cultivars to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita for commercial release
Authors: Youssef Mahmoud M. A. , El-Nagdi Wafaa M. A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Legumes are considered staple foods for many countries in different areas of the world. Cultivation of nematode-resistant newly introduced field pea and cowpea cultivars is an important, cheap, and economical way to reduce damaging the nematode population that comes from improper use of nematicides and pesticides.

Results
The cultivars of two examined crops were planted in pots inoculated with second-stage juveniles of M. incognita under screen house conditions. The results proved significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among the tested cultivars regarding their responses to M. incognita. Host resistance/susceptibility was rated on the basis of potential reproduction index (PRI). Host reaction was based on average percent reduction potentials of plant growth and yield. The combination between host resistance/susceptibility and host reaction rates was used to give clear and accurate determination to these cultivars. According to the later scale, field pea cultivars were grouped into three categories of highly susceptible (Consessa), moderately susceptible (Diacole), and intolerant cultivars (Cerdon, Samantha and 337), while cowpea cultivars were grouped into two categories of highly susceptible (Kafr El-Sheikh) and susceptible cultivars (Dokki and 331).

Conclusions
None of the tested cowpea and field pea cultivars was found to be resistant or immune to root-knot nematode, M. incognita. Subsequently, plant growth and yield of the tested cultivars seemed to be severely damaged by root-knot nematode that might be attributed to less nutrient uptake by field pea and cowpea roots due to nematode infection. Planting of highly susceptible or susceptible cultivar in progression with resistant cultivars may help in limiting or reducing these defects. This is keeping management processes and production more economical. Further studies are needed to evaluate more cultivars/accessions against root-knot nematode.
Assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil and bottom sediment of Upper Egypt: comparison study
Authors: Abou El-Anwar Esmat Ahmed 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Aswan and Luxor Governorates are characterized by multifaceted activities such as cement, chemicals, fertilizers, detergents, nitrogen fertilizer factory at Aswan, the sugar and diary factory at Kom Ombo, and several other factories such as the sugar, pulp, paper, ferrosilicon, and phosphate factories at Edfu, urbanization and agriculture. In addition, there is a main sewage station which is used for irrigation of many crops. Assessing the pollution of soil and sediment with some heavy metals in these areas is the main aim of the current work.

Results
The average heavy metals content in the studied cultivated soils and Nile sediments are above the acceptable levels. Generally, Nile sediments and cultivated soils at Aswan and Luxor were unpolluted to moderately polluted with heavy metals. Pollution indices indicated that the studied Nile sediments were at considerably ecological risk from Cd (Er = 138.89) and Zn (Er = 140.52). In contrast, the cultivated soil was at very high ecological risk from Cd (Er = 295.24).

Conclusions
The current research revealed that the soil and sediments in the Upper Egypt are less polluted than Lower Egypt. Thus, the concentrations of toxic elements are increased from south to north direction in Egypt along the Nile River. The sources of the toxic metals may possibly be natural or anthropogenic in the studied area. The anthropogenic source is resulting from paper, pulp, ferrosilicon factories, and phosphate mining at Edfu. In addition, there are some polluting industries such as sand quarry, shale mining, and the nitrogen fertilizer factory at Aswan. On the other hand, the natural sources of toxic waste are the drains during the seasonal flash floods.
Phytochemical screening, metal concentration determination, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial evaluation of Drymaria diandra plant
Authors: Phuyal Ashish , Ojha Pawan Kumar , Guragain Biswash , Chaudhary Narendra Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Several phytochemical constitutes possess natural antioxidant activity and are in fact advantageous in reducing many oxidative stress related diseases. Drymaria diandra of Caryophyllaceae family is one such plant which exhibits various medicinal properties. The aim of the current study is to provide detailed exploration of phytochemical constitutes, metal concentration determination, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of Drymaria diandra.

Results
Qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of maximum number of metabolites in methanol-water (1:1) extract. The heavy and toxic metals such as As, Cd, Cr, and Pb were almost near to the detection limit. The concentration of Fe (19.64 mg/l) was highest followed by Mn (2.35 mg/l). The (IC50) value for methanol extract was found 195.61 which is greater than the standard Ascorbic acid. Antibacterial activity of methanol extract was found higher for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with 22-mm and 14-mm sized diameter of zone of inhibition respectively and methanol-water extract for Proteus vulgaris with 17-mm diameter of zone of inhibition.

Conclusion
The findings of the present study showed the presence of various valuable phytochemical constitutes responsible to give antibacterial and antioxidant potency. The presence of bio-metals and the absence of toxic metals further highlight the importance of plant as the source of food that bears medicinal properties.