bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of past conduct disorder with personality disorders in ‘non-psychotic’ psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Dowson J.H. , Sussams P. , Grounds A.T. , Taylor J.C. 
Published: July 2002

The aim was to investigate associations of a history of features of DSM-III-R conduct disorder (CD) with features of DSM-III-R personality disorders (PDs) and psychopathy, in inpatient psychiatric practice. Fifty-six psychiatric inpatients, without a history of specified ‘psychoses’, were assessed by the SCID structured interview for DSM-III-R PDs and the ‘Psychopathy Checklist Revised’ (PCL-R).In a sample in which 59% had borderline PD, significant associations between a history of CD criteria and the adult features of antisocial PD (APD) were relatively specific compared with other PDs, but were weaker in women. However, significant correlations between the number of positive CD criteria and PCL-R scores were similar in both genders. The relatively specific associations between CD and adult features of APD are likely to be relevant to psychiatric patients who show various presentations of PD, if these include some adult features of APD. The findings inform the understanding of the development and classification of PDs.
Catalyst Free Silicone Sealants That Cure Underwater
Authors: Bui Robert , Brook Michael A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSilicone sealants and adhesives are widely used to prevent the ingress of water. However, silicones must normally be cured in air, as excess water inhibits or prevents cure from occurring. It is reported that aqueous solutions of the aliphatic aldehydes glutaraldehyde, glyoxal or, particularly, formaldehyde rapidly react without catalysts with a variety of aminopropyl‐modified silicone polymers to give silicone elastomers, even underwater. These products, whose properties are readily tailored by controlling the density of amino groups in the starting materials, may be 3D printed, or used both as adhesives and sealants in air or water.
Significance of Selective Protein Degradation in the Development of Novel Targeted Drugs and Its Implications in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Qiaoli , Feng Guo‐Kai , Zeng Mu‐Sheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe evolution of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs to targeted drugs has led to major changes in cancer treatment. However, it remains difficult to develop effective targeted drugs that can act against “undruggable” proteins, including some well‐known oncoproteins such as KRas. Moreover, mutations of target genes limit the use of targeted drugs. Although some strategies such as RNA interference and DNA editing have been adopted to solve these problems, their clinical use remains challenging. Therefore, new strategies are urgently needed to meet the dilemmas encountered in the use of targeted drugs. As protein degradation is a rapid and well‐regulated biological process in cells, targeting protein degradation by inducing cellular protein degradation machinery, regardless of the status of the target, is an attractive idea for developing novel targeted drugs. This review summarizes recent advances in targeted protein degradation, with a focus on the current reagents and strategies used for inducing selective degradation of target proteins to provide clues for the development of novel anticancer drugs and cancer therapies.
The immense and continuing challenge of urban governance: Developments in Australia and across Greater China
Authors: Podger Andrew , Woods Michael , Su Tsai‐tsu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe article describes the long history of urbanisation, including developments in four jurisdictions – three in Greater China (the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan) and Australia. While each has its own history, all now face challenges associated with continuing urbanisation and the growth of very large cities. There are broadly similar economic forces at work, but differences in scale and differences in the “growth machines” involved and the institutional arrangements within which urban governance operates. The article explains the growing importance internationally of urban governance and the growing interest in the “performance” of cities. The authors then set out two case studies describing developments in urban governance around Shanghai and around Sydney. In both cases, the scale of big city growth is demanding both horizontal and vertical coordination, and processes that facilitate citizens and civil society participation. While the very different institutional arrangements in these jurisdictions have led to different urban governance arrangements, there are common challenges that have led to some common governance developments such as having a lead government with citywide and comprehensive public service responsibilities, and also having the national government play an increasingly active role in support.
Catalyst design using artificial intelligence: SO2 to SO3 case study
Authors: Boucheikhchoukh Ariel , Thibault Jules , Fauteux‐Lefebvre Clémence 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCatalyst design is key to the improvement of chemical process efficiency. The required work for the development of new catalysts can be supported through the proper application of artificial intelligence to identify optimal compositions. A generic methodology for the application of machine learning to catalysis research is therefore outlined in this work. The catalytic oxidation of SO2 was used to exemplify the first iteration of this methodology. 1784 data points from 31 published papers were compiled into a databank. The inlet SO2 concentration ranged from 0 to 66 mol%. An artificial neural network (ANN) was trained on the databank in order to predict SO2 conversion based on the catalyst composition and the reactor operating conditions (temperature, pressure, catalyst mass: volumetric flowrate ratio (w/v), and feed composition). The model achieved a root‐mean‐square error of 6.6%. A preliminary screening step identified 3:1 V‐Mg/SiO2 catalysts as exhibiting high conversion at 648 K. A multi‐objective optimization was then performed on a single catalyst to identify solutions exhibiting high conversion and high productivity at 648 K while minimizing the catalyst cost. The optimal solution was predicted to be a 2.9 wt% V/0.2 wt% Mg/SiO2 catalyst operating at a w/v of 7.49 kg‐cat · s/m3 STP, achieving 100% SO2 conversion with a material cost among the bottom third of cost values. Artificial intelligence can then be employed to extract useful knowledge from published catalytic data and orient future search for novel catalyst development.
Electrophysiological Studies of GABAA Receptors Using QPatch II, the Next Generation of Automated Patch‐Clamp Instruments
Authors: Schupp Melanie , Park Sung Hoon , Qian Binbin , Yu Weifeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLigand‐gated ion channels (LGICs) are a group of diverse ion channels that are gated by ligands and play important roles in normal physiological and pathological conditions. Many of them are drug targets that have been pursued, are being pursued, and will likely be pursued in the future by pharmaceutical companies and academic groups for a variety of diseases. One of those LGICs is the GABAA receptor, a heterooligomeric chloride channel that can be blocked and modulated at various sites. In order to study the receptor's functional response to compounds, the manual patch‐clamp method provides a detailed but low‐throughput electrophysiological characterization. QPatch II, a next‐generation automated patch clamp machine that was recently developed by Sophion Bioscience, provides an automated electrophysiological study of ion channels. In this article, we use the GABAA receptor as an example for studying LGICs and describe two detailed protocols for using QPatch II to carry out pharmacological studies on the receptor. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Ligand concentration‐response experiment (GABAA receptor) on QPatch IIAlternate Protocol: Non‐cumulative ligand concentration‐response experiment (GABAA receptor) on QPatch IISupport Protocol 1: Cell culture of HEK293‐hGABAA (α5β3γ2)Support Protocol 2: Data analysis for Basic Protocol 1Support Protocol 3: Data analysis for Alternate ProtocolBasic Protocol 2: Antagonist dose‐response experiment (GABAA receptor) on QPatch IISupport Protocol 3: Data analysis for Basic Protocol 2
A case report of papillary thyroid carcinoma dedifferentiated to squamous cell carcinoma presenting as a lung metastasis: A potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Gadde Ramya , Tafe Laura J. , Tsapakos Michael J. , Liu Xiaoying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tall cell variant (TCV) with squamous dedifferentiation is a rare entity. We present a case of 90‐year‐old woman who initially had a 2.8 cm conventional PTC in right lobe of thyroid who, couple decades later, had metastatic dedifferentiated PTC to right neck lymph nodes level II and IV with tall cell features; to right level IV and V lymph nodes with tall cell and squamous components, which recently presented exclusively as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) metastasizing to lung. The squamous component in the lymph node and SCC in the lung were both positive for squamous marker p63 and PTC markers TTF1, PAX‐8 and BRAF V600E while negative for thyroglobulin and p16. The papillary component was positive for TTF‐1, BRAF V600E and P63 (majority); negative for thyroglobulin and p16. Final diagnoses were rendered based on combination of cytological features and immunohistochemical profiles. This report highlights the utilization of current biomarkers to distinguish between metastatic dedifferentiated PTC with squamous features and primary lung SCC, as well as the importance of recognizing this rare entity.
The SAR Matrix Method and an Artificially Intelligent Variant for the Identification and Structural Organization of Analog Series, SAR Analysis, and Compound Design
Authors: Yoshimori Atsushi , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe SAR Matrix (SARM) approach was originally conceived for the systematic identification of analog series, their structural organization, and graphical structure‐activity relationship (SAR) analysis. For structurally related series, SARMs also produce virtual candidate compounds. Hence, SARM represents a unique computational approach establishing a direct link between SAR visualization and compound design. The SARM data structure is reminiscent of R‐group tables and hence easily accessible from a chemical perspective, although the underlying algorithmic basis is complex. The SARM concept has been extended in different ways to further increase its analytical and design capacity. While the efforts were largely driven from a research perspective, they have also increased the utility for practical applications. Among others, extensions include approaches for SARM‐based compound activity prediction, the generation of a large SARM database for analog searching, and the design of a deep learning architecture for advanced analog design taking chemical space information for target families into account. Herein, the SARM approach and its extensions are discussed within their scientific context.
High Prevalence of Obesity in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Simonnet Arthur , Chetboun Mikael , Poissy Julien , Raverdy Violeta , Noulette Jerome , Duhamel Alain , Labreuche Julien , Mathieu Daniel , Pattou Francois , Jourdain Merce ,   the LICORN and the Lille COVID‐19 and Obesity study group
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe COVID‐19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide, notably in Europe and North America where obesity is highly prevalent. The relation between obesity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has not been fully documented.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed the relationship between clinical characteristics, including BMI, and the requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in 124 consecutive patients admitted in intensive care for SARS‐CoV‐2 in a single French center.ResultsObesity (BMI > 30) and severe obesity (BMI > 35) were present in 47.6% and 28.2% of cases, respectively. Overall, 85 patients (68.6%) required IMV. The proportion of patients who required IMV increased with BMI categories (P < 0.01, χ2 test for trend), and it was greatest in patients with BMI > 35 (85.7%). In multivariate logistic regression, the need for IMV was significantly associated with male sex (P < 0.05) and BMI (P < 0.05), independent of age, diabetes, and hypertension. The odds ratio for IMV in patients with BMI > 35 versus patients with BMI < 25 was 7.36 (1.63‐33.14; P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe present study showed a high frequency of obesity among patients admitted in intensive care for SARS‐CoV‐2. Disease severity increased with BMI. Obesity is a risk factor for SARS‐CoV‐2 severity, requiring increased attention to preventive measures in susceptible individuals.
Registration of hard white winter wheat germplasms KS14U6380R5, KS16U6380R10, and KS16U6380R11 with adult plant resistance to stem rust
Authors: Guttieri Mary J. , Bowden Robert L. , Reinhart Katherine , Marshall David S. , Jin Yue , Seabourn Bradford W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResistance to the Ug99 group of races of the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is limited in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm adapted to the Great Plains of the United States. Our objective was to generate regionally adapted hard winter wheat germplasm with combinations of adult plant resistance genes that are expected to provide durable resistance. KS14U6380R5 (Reg. no. GP‐1043, PI 689115), KS16U6380R10 (Reg. no. GP‐1044, PI 689116), and KS16U6380R11 (Reg. no. GP‐1045, PI 689117) were derived from backcrosses of the hard white winter wheat germplasm KS05HW14 to the stem rust‐resistant Kenyan spring wheat cultivar ‘Kingbird’. KS14U6380R5, KS16U6380R11, and KS16U6380R10 were developed by pedigree selection and were initially evaluated as U6380‐11‐2R‐0A, U6380‐210‐2R‐0A, and U6380‐148‐4R‐2T, respectively. The germplasms were developed by the USDA‐ARS and jointly released with the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station. These germplasms provide parents for development of hard winter wheat cultivars with durable resistance to stem rust.
Electrowetting‐Mediated Transport to Produce Electrochemical Transistor Action in Nanopore Electrode Arrays
Authors: Kwon Seung‐Ryong , Baek Seol , Fu Kaiyu , Bohn Paul W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding water behavior in confined volumes is important in applications ranging from water purification to healthcare devices. Especially relevant are wetting and dewetting phenomena which can be switched by external stimuli, such as light and electric fields. Here, these behaviors are exploited for electrochemical processing by voltage‐directed ion transport in nanochannels contained within nanopore arrays in which each nanopore presents three electrodes. The top and middle electrodes (TE and ME) are in direct contact with the nanopore volume, but the bottom electrode (BE) is buried beneath a 70 nm silicon nitride (SiNx) insulating layer. Electrochemical transistor operation is realized when small, defect‐mediated channels are opened in the SiNx. These defect channels exhibit voltage‐driven wetting that mediates the mass transport of redox species to/from the BE. When BE is held at a potential maintaining the defect channels in the wetted state, setting the potential of ME at either positive or negative overpotential results in strong electrochemical rectification with rectification factors up to 440. By directing the voltage‐induced electrowetting of defect channels, these three‐electrode nanopore structures can achieve precise gating and ion/molecule separation, and, as such, may be useful for applications such as water purification and drug delivery.
Innovative Methoden zur Prüfung und Kontrolle der Vorspannkräfte in mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln
Authors: Reiterer Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDie derzeit in der Ingenieurpraxis angewendeten Methoden zur Prüfung und Kontrolle der in mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln tatsächlich vorhandenen Größe der Vorspannkraft werden vorgestellt und in Bezug auf die Genauigkeit der Ergebnisse bewertet. Dabei wird sowohl auf rein visuelle Beurteilungsmethoden als auch auf elektronische Messmethoden eingegangen. Im Beitrag werden neu entwickelte und als Patent angemeldete innovative Methoden zur Prüfung und Kontrolle der Vorspannkräfte in mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln vorgestellt. Bei den Entwicklungen handelt es sich um ein intelligentes mechanisches Verbindungsbauteil mit Druckindikator und um eine intelligente elektronische Messmutter. Das intelligente Verbindungsbauteil ist in der Lage, ohne Einsatz von elektronischen Komponenten den Verlust der Vorspannung durch Erzeugen einer Rotfärbung an der Oberseite des Verbindungsbauteils anzuzeigen. Die elektronische Messmutter ist eine mit Sensorik ausgestattete Mutter, die entweder zeitdiskret oder permanent den aktuellen Wert der Vorspannkraft im Verbindungsmittel elektronisch aufzeichnet und überträgt. Zur Untersuchung der Aussagequalität und Langzeitstabilität der neu entwickelten Methoden zur Prüfung und Kontrolle der Vorspannkräfte in mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln wurden Labor‐ und Freifeldversuche durchgeführt. Die dabei erzielten Ergebnisse werden präsentiert.
Long noncoding RNAs AC026904.1 is essential for TGF‐β‐induced migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition through functioning as an enhancer of Slug in lung cancer cells
Authors: Yao Jie , Lu Xiaochen , Wang Yuxuan , Li Jiaxi , Ni Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNA (lncRNA) AC026904.1 has been confirmed to be necessary for breast cancer metastasis. This work aims to investigate the effects of lncRNA AC026904.1 on lung cancer metastasis. We found that lncRNA AC026904.1 displayed a higher level in metastatic lung cancer tissues than adjacent tissues and nonmetastatic lung cancer tissues, and lung cancer cells treated with TGF‐β. The expression of AC026904.1 was increased by the non‐canonical TGF‐β signaling. Additionally, AC026904.1 acts as an enhancer of the key metastatic factor Slug in the nucleus. This AC026904.1/Slug axis is necessary for TGF‐β‐mediated migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells. This work firstly uncovers that AC026904.1 increases Slug expression at transcriptional level and subsequently plays critical effects in lung cancer metastasis, providing novel evidences that AC026904.1 holds great potential to be used as a marker for metastatic lung cancer.
Hydroakustik zur Analyse von Fischbeständen und Fischverhalten – Fallstudien aus Österreich
Authors: Schmidt Marc B. , Schletterer Martin 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungHydroakustik, das heißt der Einsatz von Echoloten und Sonaren, ist in Binnengewässern eine etablierte Methode. Je nach Fragestellung kommen verschiedene System zum Einsatz: (1) Das Single-beam-Echolot ist grundsätzlich ein klassischer „Fischfinder“. (2) Das Dual-beam-Echolot kombiniert hohe und niedere Frequenzbereiche. (3) Bei Split-beam-Echoloten ist der Schallkegel energetisch in vier Sektoren unterteilt, diese Systeme ermöglichen u. a. die Erfassung von räumlichen und zeitlichen Fischverteilungen und Fischbiomasseerhebungen. (4) Multibeam-Sonare (z. B. DIDSON und ARIS-Sonar), sogenannte hydroakustische Kameras, liefern schließlich videoähnliche Bilder und ermöglichen die Analyse von Fischverhalten in tiefen und dunklen Gewässern. Der gegenständliche Artikel zeigt Anwendungsbeispiele aus Österreich zum Einsatz hydroakustischer Methoden zur Fischdetektion (Einsatz von Single-beam-Echoloten zur Langzeiterfassung von Fischbewegungen), Fischbiomassebestimmung (mittels Split-beam-Echolot am Hintersteiner See) und zur Analyse von Fischverhalten (mittels DIDSON und ARIS am KW Kirchbichl). Hydroakustische Methoden kommen somit erfolgreich angewandt-wissenschaftlich und in der Grundlagenforschung zum Einsatz und können auch als innovative Technologie im Monitoring eingesetzt werden.
Keeping power through opposition: party system change in Turkey
Authors: Arslantaş Düzgün , Arslantaş Şenol 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper re-evaluates the party system change in Turkey based on Sartori’s framework. It also explores the role of opposition parties in this. The paper suggests that, while a fragmented opposition may lead to the emergence of a one-party government and/or military intervention because of the high levels of polarization it induces, bilateral opposition prolongs one-party governments. The paper relies on an analysis of party programs and public opinion surveys in order to position the parties in terms of spatial distance and to understand the level of polarization.
High salt diet accelerates the progression of murine lupus through dendritic cells via the p38 MAPK and STAT1 signaling pathways
Authors: Xiao Ze Xiu , Hu Xiaojiang , Zhang Ximei , Chen Zhigang , Wang Julie , Jin Ke , Cao Feng Lin , Sun Baoqing , Bellanti Joseph A. , Olsen Nancy , Zheng Song Guo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe increased incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in recent decades might be related to changes in modern dietary habits. Since sodium chloride (NaCl) promotes pathogenic T cell responses, we hypothesize that excessive salt intake contributes to the increased incidence of autoimmune diseases, including SLE. Given the importance of dendritic cells (DCs) in the pathogenesis of SLE, we explored the influence of an excessive sodium chloride diet on DCs in a murine SLE model. We used an induced lupus model in which bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were incubated with activated lymphocyte-derived DNA (ALD-DNA) and transferred into C57BL/6 recipient mice. We observed that a high-salt diet (HSD) markedly exacerbated lupus progression, which was accompanied by increased DC activation. NaCl treatment also stimulated the maturation, activation and antigen-presenting ability of DCs in vitro. Pretreatment of BMDCs with NaCl also exacerbated BMDC-ALD-DNA-induced lupus. These mice had increased production of autoantibodies and proinflammatory cytokines, more pronounced splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, and enhanced pathological renal lesions. The p38 MAPK–STAT1 pathway played an important role in NaCl-induced DC immune activities. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HSD intake promotes immune activation of DCs through the p38 MAPK–STAT1 signaling pathway and exacerbates the features of SLE. Thus, changes in diet may provide a novel strategy for the prevention or amelioration of lupus or other autoimmune diseases.