bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industry 4.0
Authors: Nasution Mahyuddin K M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe information era has caused a leap in the industrial world. Industries that make full use of information technology are known as Industry 4.0, whose upstream and downstream focus on automation. However, in various aspects, there are gaps. Therefore, the use of accurate information is necessary to draw a common thread between various matters related to Industry 4.0. This paper reveals a little through the literature review as reliable information. In short, of course, it reveals the importance of understanding the changes that have occurred, a relation between the old industry and the industry 4.0.
RETRACTED: Integration of Fuzzy AHP-VIKOR Methods in Multi Criteria Decision Making: Literature Review
Authors: Ishak Aulia , Asfriyati  , Nainggolan Bagas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The rapid development of the times directly demands technology, culture and social development as well. The development of this era also gives us many problems that must be resolved. One of the problems that must be faced is the problem of making decisions. There are many methods for solving decision-making problems, one of which is Multiple-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). MCDM is a decision-making method to determine the best alternative from a number of alternatives based on certain criteria. This journal will discuss one of the MCDM methods, namely Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS. Basically, AHP breaks up a complex and unstructured situation into its component parts. Then arrange these parts or variables in a hierarchical arrangement and give numerical values to subjective considerations about the relative importance of each variable. The fuzzy set theory used to represent uncertainty, obscurity, inaccuracy, lack of information, and partial truth. In the VIKOR method, a ranking is performed on the weight that has been obtained in the FAHP method by comparing ratings from a series of alternatives. The VIKOR method calculate the ratio positive and negative ideal solution. The VIKOR method propose a compromise solution with profit rate. This method overcomes the drawbacks of other MCDM methods.
Beauty Clinic Selection Based on Service Quality Using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) Method in Industrial Engineering Department
Authors: Ishak Aulia , Adithya Rinaldi , Wanli  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Economic growth, technology and social culture has driven changes in consumer behavior and needs that continue to grow, one of which is the need to continue to improve themselves. This is supported by the number of beauty clinics that stand. As a company engaged in the field of suits, beauty clinics must be able to make consumers feel satisfied with the services provided. This research helps consumers determine the beauty clinic services that consist of 3 alternatives, namely Erha Clinic, London Beauty Center and Natasha Skin Care. The method used in this study is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The AHP method will break down complex multi-factor or multi-criteria problems into a hierarchy. Where with hierarchy, a complex problem can be broken down into groups which are then arranged into a hierarchical form so that the problem will appear more structured and systematic. This research will produce priority weight values for each beauty clinic, which based on the largest weight is an alternative beauty clinic with the best service quality.
Effect of laser shock peening on stress corrosion sensitivity of 304 stainless steel C-ring weld specimens
Authors: Lu Zhiming , Zhang Hongliang , Pan Yuhui , Xu Fan , Tang Chong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As a new surface treatment technology, laser shock peening (LSP) can improve the corrosion resistance and fatigue performance of the metal surface with the help of a high-power density laser beam. In this work, 304 stainless steel C-ring weld specimens were treated with four laser power densities, and the effect of LSP on the surface properties of the specimens was investigated by microhardness measurement, grain size analysis and residual stress test. The research shows that LSP can improve the surface microhardness, produce grain refinement, and transform the residual tensile stress into residual compressive stress in the surface layer of 304 stainless steel. Electrochemical corrosion test and the constant strain corrosion test in boiling magnesium chloride solution were carried out. The results show that the crack initiation time of the C-ring weld specimens treated with LSP is significantly longer than that of the specimens without LSP. As the laser power density of LSP increases, the corrosion current density and the corrosion rate are decreased greatly, the polarization resistance is increased significantly, and the crack initiation time is increased evidently.
The Rise and Demise of Constitutional Duties in Israel
Authors: Likhovski Assaf 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In many constitutions, constitutional duties appear alongside constitutional rights. However, the history of constitutional duties, unlike the history of constitutional rights, is a neglected topic. This article is a case study of the history of constitutional duties in Israel. The article documents the appearance of duties in Israeli constitutional texts and debates in the 1950s and shows that the interest in duties was connected to the view that a major role of constitutions was to serve as educational, rather than legal, texts. The article then analyzes the decline of the duties discourse in Israel, pointing to the 1960s as the watershed decade in which duties disappeared. Finally, the article discusses a number of possible factors that led to the waning of the notion of constitutional duties, focusing specifically on the juridification of Israeli society. Fluctuations in interest in constitutional duties, the article concludes, are connected to changing understandings of the nature of constitutions, and, more broadly, to shifts in the relative importance of law and lawyers in society.
An integrated approach to determine the abundance, mutation rate and phylogeny of the SARS-CoV-2 genome
Authors: Desai Sanket , Rashmi Sonal , Rane Aishwarya , Dharavath Bhasker , Sawant Aniket , Dutt Amit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 genome datasets has significantly advanced our understanding of the biology and genomic adaptability of the virus. However, the plurality of advanced sequencing datasets—such as short and long reads—presents a formidable computational challenge to uniformly perform quantitative, variant or phylogenetic analysis, thus limiting its application in public health laboratories engaged in studying epidemic outbreaks. We present a computational tool, Infectious Pathogen Detector (IPD), to perform integrated analysis of diverse genomic datasets, with a customized analytical module for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The IPD pipeline quantitates individual occurrences of 1060 pathogens and performs mutation and phylogenetic analysis from heterogeneous sequencing datasets. Using IPD, we demonstrate a varying burden (5.055–999655.7 fragments per million) of SARS-CoV-2 transcripts across 1500 short- and long-read sequencing SARS-CoV-2 datasets and identify 4634 SARS-CoV-2 variants (~3.05 variants per sample), including 449 novel variants, across the genome with distinct hotspot mutations in the ORF1ab and S genes along with their phylogenetic relationships establishing the utility of IPD in tracing the genome isolates from the genomic data (as accessed on 11 June 2020). The IPD predicts the occurrence and dynamics of variability among infectious pathogens—with a potential for direct utility in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond to help automate the sequencing-based pathogen analysis and in responding to public health threats, efficaciously. A graphical user interface (GUI)-enabled desktop application is freely available for download for the academic users at http://www.actrec.gov.in/pi-webpages/AmitDutt/IPD/IPD.html and for web-based processing at http://ipd.actrec.gov.in/ipdweb/ to generate an automated report without any prior computational know-how.
Impact of hospital type on risk-adjusted, traffic-related 30-day mortality: a population-based registry study
Authors: Ydenius Viktor , Larsen Robert , Steinvall Ingrid , Bäckström Denise , Chew Michelle , Sjöberg Folke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Traffic incidents are still a major contributor to hospital admissions and trauma-related mortality. The aim of this nationwide study was to examine risk-adjusted traffic injury mortality to determine whether hospital type was an independent survival factor.

Methods
Data on all patients admitted to Swedish hospitals with traffic-related injuries, based on International Classification of Diseases codes, between 2001 and 2011 were extracted from the Swedish inpatient and cause of death registries. Using the binary outcome measure of death or survival, data were analysed using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity, severity of injury and hospital type. The severity of injury was established using the International Classification of Diseases Injury Severity Score (ICISS).

Results
The final study population consisted of 152,693 hospital admissions. Young individuals (0–25 years of age) were overrepresented, accounting for 41% of traffic-related injuries. Men were overrepresented in all age categories. Fatalities at university hospitals had the lowest mean (SD) ICISS 0.68 (0.19). Regional and county hospitals had mean ICISS 0.75 (0.15) and 0.77 (0.15), respectively, for fatal traffic incidents. The crude overall mortality in the study population was 1193, with a mean ICISS 0.72 (0.17). Fatalities at university hospitals had the lowest mean ICISS 0.68 (0.19). Regional and county hospitals had mean ICISS 0.75 (0.15) and 0.77 (0.15), respectively, for fatal traffic incidents.
When regional and county hospitals were merged into one group and its risk-adjusted mortality compared with university hospitals, no significant difference was found. A comparison between hospital groups with the most severely injured patients (ICISS ≤0.85) also did not show a significant difference (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.97–1.32).

Conclusions
This study shows that, in Sweden, the type of hospital does not influence risk adjusted traffic related mortality, where the most severely injured patients are transported to the university hospitals and centralization of treatment is common.
Pre-implant screening guided by cardiac silhouette fluoroscopy: a way to increase eligibility for the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: a case report
Authors: Galizia Brito Victoria , Bibiloni Cladera Aina , Exposito Pineda Maria del Carmen , Grande Morales Carlos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Suitability for the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) depends on a pre-implant electrocardiogram (ECG) screening to ensure appropriate sensing of electrical cardiac signals. Screening is performed positioning electrodes guided by chest surface anatomical landmarks.

Case summary
We report a case of a patient with an initially negative conventional automatic screening for S-ICD, who underwent a modified screening guided by cardiac silhouette position, as seen under fluoroscopy, resulting in eligibility for the S-ICD.

Discussion
The S-ICD reduces endovascular infection risk, providing therefore a potentially safer alternative in patients with prosthetic valves. It might be reasonable to perform a pre-implant ECG screening guided by fitting the cardiac silhouette in the shock vector, as this modified screening position could increase eligibility in patients who may benefit from S-ICD therapy such as the one presented.
Subjective Motoric Complaints and New Onset Slow Gait
Authors: Verghese Joe , Ayers Emmeline 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
While reports of mobility problems are common with aging, their relationship to new onset of slow gait is unknown. Our objective was to examine the validity of subjective motoric complaints for predicting the incidence of slow gait.

Methods
Ambulatory community-residing participants (mean age 76.6, 55% women) with gait speeds in the normal range enrolled in an aging cohort. Five subjective motoric complaints were assessed. Incident slow gait (walking speed 1 SD below age and sex means) was the primary outcome.

Results
Of the 548 participants at baseline, 90 had prevalent slow gait and 253 participants (73.7%) reported one or more subjective motoric complaints. Subjective motoric complaints were more common in women than men (1.78 vs 1.23). Over a median follow-up of 3.34 years, 68 participants developed new onset slow gait. All 5 questions predicted incident slow gait (adjusted hazard ratios varying from 2.26 to 4.44). More subjective motoric complaints were associated with increased risk of developing incident slow gait (hazard ratio per complaint 1.81). Predictive validity of subjective motoric complaints for incident slow gait was unchanged when using alternate outcome definitions, accounting for diagnostic misclassification, recall bias, or adjusting for multiple confounders.

Conclusions
Subjective motoric complaints are a harbinger of mobility disability, and can help improve clinical risk assessments and identify high-risk individuals for interventions to prevent onset of slow gait.
Abstract but Concrete, or Concrete but Abstract? A Guide to the Nature of Advisory Opinions under Protocol No 16 to the ECHR
Authors: Moonen Toon , Lavrysen Laurens 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In constitutional adjudication, a well-known distinction exists between abstract and concrete review. Under abstract review, a court evaluates a rights interference detached from any particular application to the facts of a case. Under concrete review, the review arises as an element of adjudication of specific facts. In this contribution, we explain theoretically how this distinction plays both at the macro level of a review system and the micro level of specific cases. These concepts are then used to explore and understand the advisory procedure recently introduced by Protocol No 16 to the European Convention on Human Rights. We argue that this mechanism theoretically provides for a type of review that is more abstract than the review exercised under the European Court of Human Rights’ contentious jurisdiction, yet still allows for important elements of concreteness to enter the analysis. This is confirmed by Advisory Opinions Nos 1 and 2.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Marmoset Monkeys
Authors: Schaeffer David J , Liu CiRong , Silva Afonso C , Everling Stefan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The use of the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) for neuroscientific research has grown markedly in the last decade. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has played a significant role in establishing the extent of comparability of marmoset brain architecture with the human brain and brains of other preclinical species (eg, macaques and rodents). As a non-invasive technique, MRI allows for the flexible acquisition of the same sequences across different species in vivo, including imaging of whole-brain functional topologies not possible with more invasive techniques. Being one of the smallest New World primates, the marmoset may be an ideal nonhuman primate species to study with MRI. As primates, marmosets have an elaborated frontal cortex with features analogous to the human brain, while also having a small enough body size to fit into powerful small-bore MRI systems typically employed for rodent imaging; these systems offer superior signal strength and resolution. Further, marmosets have a rich behavioral repertoire uniquely paired with a lissencephalic cortex (like rodents). This smooth cortical surface lends itself well to MRI and also other invasive methodologies. With the advent of transgenic modification techniques, marmosets have gained significant traction as a powerful complement to canonical mammalian modelling species. Marmosets are poised to make major contributions to preclinical investigations of the pathophysiology of human brain disorders as well as more basic mechanistic explorations of the brain. The goal of this article is to provide an overview of the practical aspects of implementing MRI and fMRI in marmosets (both under anesthesia and fully awake) and discuss the development of resources recently made available for marmoset imaging.
Association Between Upper Respiratory Tract Viral Load, Comorbidities, Disease Severity, and Outcome of Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Maltezou Helena C , Raftopoulos Vasilios , Vorou Rengina , Papadima Kalliopi , Mellou Kassiani , Spanakis Nikolaos , Kossyvakis Athanasios , Gioula Georgia , Exindari Maria , Froukala Elisavet , Martinez-Gonzalez Beatriz , Panayiotakopoulos Georgios , Papa Anna , Mentis Andreas , Tsakris Athanasios 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
There is limited information on the association between upper respiratory tract (URT) viral loads, host factors, and disease severity in SARS-CoV-2–infected patients.

Methods
We studied 1122 patients (mean age, 46 years) diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). URT viral load, measured by PCR cycle threshold, was categorized as high, moderate, or low.

Results
There were 336 (29.9%) patients with comorbidities; 309 patients (27.5%) had high, 316 (28.2%) moderate, and 497 (44.3%) low viral load. In univariate analyses, compared to patients with moderate or low viral load, patients with high viral load were older, more often had comorbidities, developed Symptomatic disease (COVID-19), were intubated, and died. Patients with high viral load had longer stay in intensive care unit and longer intubation compared to patients with low viral load (P values &lt; .05 for all comparisons). Patients with chronic cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic pulmonary disease, immunosuppression, obesity, and chronic neurological disease more often had high viral load (P value &lt; .05 for all comparisons). In multivariate analysis high viral load was associated with COVID-19. Level of viral load was not associated with any other outcome.

Conclusions
URT viral load could be used to identify patients at higher risk for morbidity or severe outcome.
Assessment of milk yield and nursing calf feed intake equations in predicting calf feed intake and weaning weight among breeds
Authors: Lancaster Phillip A , Tedeschi Luis O , Buessing Zach , Davis Michael E 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNutrition models are important tools in management decisions, but improvements are needed for cow–calf producers to accurately predict nursing calf performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the ability of published milk yield (MY) and forage intake equations to predict calf feed intake and weaning weight (WW) using an independent, multi-breed dataset. A dataset with 406 nursing calves was used to evaluate two MY equations: 1) National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2016) (NASEM) and 2) Wood (1967) (WOOD) and five feed intake equations: 1) equations from Table 9.1 in Tedeschi et al. (2006) (TED06), 2) equations 2 to 7 in Baker et al. (1976) (BAK76), 3) equation 25 in Tedeschi and Fox (2009) (TED09A), 4) equations 17, 19, and 24 in Tedeschi and Fox (2009) (TED09B), and 5) equation from Holloway et al. (1982) (HOL82). MY was measured at 14-d interval by hand milking, and individual feed intake of nursing calves was determined during a 240-d nursing period. Calf birth and WW were measured on days 0 and 240, respectively. Each combination of MY and feed intake equation was used to predict calf feed intake and WW from observed MY, calf birth weight, and calf slaughter weight. Predicted and observed values were compared using concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and mean bias (MB). Factors affecting the deviation between observed and predicted values were analyzed using regression, and a revised equation was developed. Feed intake equations poorly predicted observed feed intake with CCC &lt; 0.4 and MB ranged from −108% to 69%. However, statistics were slightly improved when using WOOD rather than the NASEM MY equation. BAK76 and TED09B feed intake equations were considerably more accurate (MB = −14.4% to 13.0%) in predicting feed intake but still not precise (CCC &lt; 0.30). Predictions of WW had CCC ranging from 0.19 to 0.71 and MB ranging from −25.9% to 41.8% and were not significantly affected by the MY equation. TED06 and BAK76 feed intake equations were the most precise (CCC &gt; 0.60) and accurate (MB = 1.7% to 8.5%) in predicting WW. Sire breed accounted for significant variation in the deviation between observed and predicted values of feed intake and in a revised equation to predict total feed energy intake from total milk energy intake. In conclusion, refinements of feed intake equations for nursing calves need to account for breed to improve current nutrition models.
Effect of hay type on cecal and fecal microbiome and fermentation parameters in horses
Authors: Sorensen Rachel J , Drouillard James S , Douthit Teresa L , Ran Qinghong , Marthaler Douglas G , Kang Qing , Vahl Christopher I , Lattimer James M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effect of hay type on the microbiome of the equine gastrointestinal tract is relatively unexplored. Our objective was to characterize the cecal and fecal microbiome of mature horses consuming alfalfa or Smooth Bromegrass (brome) hay. Six cecally cannulated horses were used in a split-plot design run as a crossover in two periods. The whole plot treatment was ad libitum access to brome or alfalfa hay fed over two 21-d acclimation periods with subplots of sampling location (cecum and rectum) and sampling hour. Each acclimation period was followed by a 24-h collection period where cecal and fecal samples were collected every 3 h for analysis of pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Fecal and cecal samples were pooled and sent to a commercial lab (MR DNA, Shallowater, TX) for the amplification of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. The main effects of hay on VFA, pH, and taxonomic abundances were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with fixed effects of hay, hour, location, period, and all possible interactions and random effect of horse. Alpha and beta diversities were analyzed using the R Dame package. Horses fed alfalfa had greater fecal than cecal pH (P ≤ 0.05), whereas horses fed brome had greater cecal than fecal pH (P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of hay type, total VFA concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum than in feces, and alfalfa resulted in greater (P ≤ 0.05) VFA concentrations than brome in both sampling locations. Alpha diversity was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in fecal compared with cecal samples. Microbial community structure within each sampling location and hay type differed from one another (P ≤ 0.05). Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum compared with the rectum, regardless of hay type. Firmicutes and Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the feces compared with cecal samples of alfalfa-fed horses. In all, fermentation parameters and bacterial abundances were impacted by hay type and sampling location in the hindgut.