bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocorticographic description of the effects of anticonvulsant drugs used to treat lidocaine‐induced seizures
Authors: Santos George Francisco S. , Ferreira Luan Oliveira , Gerrits Mattos Bruna , Fidelis Eliniete J. , de Souza Alisson S. , Batista Paula S. , Manoel Cecilia A. F. , Cabral Diego Arthur C. , Jóia de Mello Vanessa , Favacho Lopes Dielly Catrina , Hamoy Moisés 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionLocal anesthetics are widely used in clinical practice. While toxicity is rare, these drugs can cause potentially lethal seizures.ObjectiveIn the present study, we investigated the electrocorticographic (ECoG) and electromyographic patterns of seizures induced by acute lidocaine (LA) toxicity and treated with anticonvulsant drugs. The study used adult male Wistar rats to describe of the seizure‐related behavior of LA and investigated the treatment with anticonvulsant drugs.ResultsThe use of LA resulted in clear changes in the ECoG pattern, which presented characteristics of Status epilepticus, with increased intensity in all brainwaves. The decomposition of the cerebral waves showed an increase in the beta and gamma waves that may be related to tonic–clonic seizure. Although the treatment with anticonvulsants drugs reduces the power of brainwaves at frequencies between 1 and 40 Hz compared to the LA group, but only diazepam (DZP) was able to decrease the intensity of oscillations. The muscle contraction power also indicated a difference in the effectiveness of the three treatments.ConclusionThe sum of the evidence indicates that LA causes status epilepticus and that DZP is the most effective treatment for the control of these seizures, by restoring the systemic values to levels close to those recorded in the control group.
Reduced top‐down attentional control in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Bashford‐Largo Johannah , Aloi Joseph , Lukoff Jennie , Johnson Kimberly , White Stuart F. , Dobbertin Matthew , Blair Robert James , Blair Karina S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) can significantly impair quality of life and is associated with a relatively poor long‐term prognosis. Anxiety disorders are often associated with hyper‐responsiveness to threat, perhaps coupled with impaired executive functioning. However, GAD, particularly adolescent GAD, has been the focus of little functional neuroimaging work compared to other anxiety disorders. Here, we examine the neural association of adolescent GAD with responsiveness to threat and response control.MethodsThe study involved 35 adolescents with GAD and 34 healthy comparison individuals (N = 69) matched on age, gender, and IQ. Participants were scanned during an affective number Stroop task.ResultsWe found significant Group‐by‐Task Condition interactions in regions involved in response control/motor responding (bilateral precentral gyri and cerebellum) and/or cognitive control/attention (dorsomedial and lateral frontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, cuneus, and precuneus). In line with predictions, the youth with GAD showed significantly less recruitment during task trials than the healthy comparison individuals. However, no indications of specific heightened responses to threat were seen.ConclusionsGAD involves reduced capacity for engaging regions involved in response control/motor responding and/or cognitive control/attention. This might reflect either a secondary consequence of the patient's worry or an early risk factor for the development of worry.
Morphometric and allometric rules of polyp's landscape in regular and chimeric coral colonies of the branching species Stylophora pistillata
Authors: Guerrini Gabriele , Shefy Dor , Shashar Nadav , Shafir Shai , Rinkevich Baruch 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost studies on architectural rules in corals have focused on the branch and the colony level, unveiling a variety of allometric rules. Working on the branching coral Stylophora pistillata, here we further extend the astogenic directives of this species at the polyp level, to reveal allometric and morphometric rules dictating polyps' arrangement.ResultsWe identified a basic morphometric landscape as a six‐polyp circlet developed around a founder polyp, with established distances between polyps (six equilateral triangles), reflecting a strong genetic‐based background vs high plasticity on the population level. Testing these rules in regular and chimeric S. pistillata colonies, we revealed similar morphometric/allometric rules developed via a single astogenic pathway. In regular colonies, this pathway was driven by the presence/absence of intra‐circlet budding polyps, while in chimeras, by the distances between the two founder polyps. In addition, we identified the intra‐circlet budding as the origin of first branching, if BPC distances are kept <1.09 ± 0.25 mm.ConclusionsThe emerged allometric/morphometric rules indicate the existence of a positional information paradigm for polyps' landscape distribution, where each polyp creates its own positional field of morphogen gradients through six inductive sites, thus forming six positional fields for the development of the archetypal “six‐polyp crown”.
Automated analysis of lateral river connectivity and fish stranding risks—Part 1: Review, theory and algorithm
Authors: Larrieu Kenneth G. , Pasternack Gregory B. , Schwindt Sebastian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRiverine fish stranding is of significant concern due to its potentially devastating impacts on fish populations already at risk. Because stranding is dependent on a wide range of biotic and abiotic factors, it is difficult to accurately identify and parameterize fish stranding risks for various river topographies, fish species/lifestages and flow ramping scenarios. This article presents a literature review, new concepts and a novel Python3 algorithm for post‐processing two‐dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model results to identify spatially explicit locations where fish stranding is likely, such as but not limited to downstream of hydropeaking facilities. Compared to previous stranding algorithms, this one is novel in its use of graph theory to find optimal fish escape routes and for its embedding in the free, open‐source river analysis software River Architect. Guided by biological parameter selection and supplied with two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model rasters, River Architect's Stranding Risk module is suitable for characterization of existing pool stranding risks, alternative flow regime and topographic design evaluation and post‐project assessment of rivers during flow recessions.
Biological activities and chemical characterization of the Lebanese endemic plant Origanum ehrenbergii Boiss
Authors: Dawra Michella , El Rayess Youssef , El Beyrouthy Marc , Nehme Nancy , El Hage Rima , Taillandier Patricia , Bouajila Jalloul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOriganum ehrenbergii Boiss, endemic to Lebanon, is widely used in culinary preparations. The aim of this study is to assess the chemical composition and biological activities of four extracts obtained by consecutive extractions with four different solvents presenting an increasing polarity (cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). HPLC‐DAD analysis revealed nine compounds with 8 phenolics, while GC‐MS analysis allowed to detect 96 volatile compounds. Among the latter, some compounds were identified for the first time in plant extracts such as 2‐allyl‐phenyl tiglate (26); 2‐furylmethyl octanoate (28); 1H‐cycloprop[e]azulen‐7‐ol,decahydro‐1,1,7‐trimethyl‐4‐methylene‐,[1ar‐(1aα,4aα,7β,7aβ,7bα)] (30); 2‐(Z)‐propenylphenyl tiglate (32); 6‐hydroxy‐4,4,7a‐trimethyl‐5,6,7,7a‐tetrahydrobenzofuran‐2(4H)‐one (33); ent‐beyerane (37); and (E)‐2‐tridecenyl angelate (40). The methanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 37.5 μg/mL. It also had the highest phenolic content with 207.2 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry weight. The inhibition percentage of the acetylcholinesterase by the methanol extract (56.9%), the ethyl acetate extract (58.6%), and the cyclohexane extract (60.0%) was almost the same at 50 µg/mL. Furthermore, the dichloromethane extract inhibited both the growth of the MCF‐7 cell line by 67.0% and HCT‐116 cell line by 35.7% at 50 μg/mL. The MIC of the dichloromethane extract against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19 115 and Listeria monocytogenes isolated from “fish filet” was 4 and 15 μg/mL, respectively, and that of the cyclohexane extract against Staphylococcus aureus was 19.5 μg/mL.
Transversus abdominis plane block versus wound infiltration for post‐cesarean section analgesia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Riemma Gaetano , Schiattarella Antonio , Cianci Stefano , La Verde Marco , Morlando Maddalena , Sisti Giovanni , Esposito Irene , Della Corte Luigi , Sansone Pasquale , De Franciscis Pasquale 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and wound infiltration (WI) with local anesthetics are used for postoperative analgesia after cesarean section (CS), reducing the need for administration of opioids.ObjectiveTo compare the analgesic effect of TAP block related to WI.Search strategyMEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched from inception until April 2020.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) about women who underwent TAP block or WI after CS.Data collection and analysisRelevant data were extracted and tabulated. Review Manager 5.3 was used for data analysis. Primary outcome was cumulative opioid consumption (COC) 24 and 48 h after CS.Main resultsFive RCTs, enrolling 268 women, were included. There were no significant differences between the interventions regarding COC at 24 (mean difference [MD] –1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] –6.29 to 2.93) and 48 hours (MD 1.28, 95% CI –10.44 to 13.00). Adverse effects (relative risk [RR] 0.93, 95% CI 0.75–1.16), gastrointestinal reactions (RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.46–3.68), or mild‐moderate sedation (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.72–1.74), pain scores, satisfaction of women, and withdrawals were similar between groups.ConclusionsThere might be no significant advantages selecting TAP block over WI for post‐CS analgesia.
Long non‐coding RNAs as potential biomarkers in the prognosis and diagnosis of lung cancer: A review and target analysis
Authors: Aftabi Younes , Ansarin Khalil , Shanehbandi Dariush , Khalili Majid , Seyedrezazadeh Ensiyeh , Rahbarnia Leila , Asadi Milad , Amiri‐Sadeghan Amir , Zafari Venus , Eyvazi Shirin , Bakhtiyari Nasim , Zarredar Habib 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been emerged as a novel class of molecular regulators in cancer. They are dysregulated in many types of cancer; however, there is not enough knowledge available on their expression and functional profiles. Lung cancer is the leading cause of the cancer deaths worldwide. Generally, lncRNAs may be associated with lung tumor pathogenesis and they may act as biomarkers for the cancer prognosis and diagnosis. Compared to other invasive prognostic and diagnostic methods, detection of lncRNAs might be a user‐friendly and noninvasive method. In this review article, we selected 27 tumor‐associated lncRNAs by literature reviewing to further discussing in detail for using as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer. Also, in an in silico target analysis, the “Experimentally supported functional regulation” approach of the LncTarD web tool was used to identifying the target genes and regulatory mechanisms of the selected lncRNAs. The reports on diagnostic and prognostic potential of all selected lncRNAs were discussed. However, the target genes and regulatory mechanisms of the 22 lncRNAs were identified by in silico analysis and we found the pathways that are controlled by each target group of lncRNAs. They use epigenetic mechanisms, ceRNA mechanisms, protein interaction and sponge mechanism. Also, 10, 23, 5, and 28 target genes for each of these mechanisms were identified, respectively. Finally, each group of target genes controls 50, 12, 7, and 2 molecular pathways, respectively. In conclusion, LncRNAs could be used as biomarkers in lung cancer due to their roles in control of several signaling pathways related to lung tumors. Also, it seems that lncRNAs, which use epigenetic mechanisms for modulating a large number of pathways, could be considered as important subjects for lung cancer‐related diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Remimazolan inhibits glioma cell growth and induces apoptosis through down‐regulation of NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Xu Wei , Hu Jiamei , Liu Weiwei , Zhu Qiong , Gong Xuan , Zhu Pengpeng , Yang Xiao , Xia Rui , Xue Rui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlioma alone accounts for 30% of various kinds of primary brain tumors and is the highest cause of mortality associated with intracranial malignant cancers. In the present study, Suzuki‐coupling products of remimazolan were synthesized and investigated for anti‐neoplastic property against glioma cells. RFMSP treatment for 48 hr suppressed viabilities of U‐118MG and U87MG cells in dose dependent manner. Exposure of primary astrocytes to RFMSP at 2–20 μM concentration range minimally affected viabilities. RFMSP treatment at 5 μM doses raised apoptotic cell count to 53.8 ± 2.3% and 48.2 ± 1.8%, respectively in U‐118MG and U87MG cells. Treatment of the cells with RFMSP induced nuclear condensation and subsequent fragmentation. In RFMSP treated U‐118MG and U87MG cells, NF‐κB p65 expression was markedly suppressed compared to the control cells. Additionally, RFMSP treatment decreased the ratio of nuclear to total NF‐κB p65 level in both the cell lines. Treatment of U‐118MG and U87MG cells with 5 μM RFMSP for 48 hr caused a marked down‐regulation in survivin and XIAP levels. Treatment with RFMSP promoted Bax expression and suppressed Bcl‐2 level. The caspase‐9 and ‐3 activation was markedly induced by RFMSP treatment in U‐118MG and U87MG cells compared to the control cells. In summary, the RFMSP synthesized by Suzuki‐coupling of RFMSP inhibited glioma cell survival via DNA damage mediated apoptosis. The anti‐glioma potential of RFMSP involved down‐regulation of NF‐κB expression, targeted survivin & XIAP levels and induced caspase activation in glioma cells. Therefore, RFMSP may be studied further as therapeutic agent for the treatment of glioma.
A predictive model for estimating the number of erythrocytapheresis or phlebotomy treatments for patients with naïve hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Rombout‐Sestrienkova Eva , Winkens Bjorn , van Kraaij Marian , van Deursen Cees Th. B. M. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Rennings Alexander M. J. , Evers Dorothea , Kerkhoffs Jean‐Louis , Masclee Ad , Koek Ger H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsStandard treatment for naïve hereditary hemochromatosis patients consists of phlebotomy or a personalized erythrocytapheresis. Erythrocytapheresis is more efficient, but infrequently used because of perceived costs and specialized equipment being needed. The main aim of our study was to develop a model that predicts the number of initial treatment procedures for both treatment methods. This information may help the clinician to select the optimal treatment modality for the individual patient.MethodsWe analyzed retrospective data of 125 newly diagnosed patients (C282Y homozygous), treated either with phlebotomy (n = 54) or erythrocytapheresis (n = 71) until serum ferritin (SF) reached levels ≤100 μg/L. To estimate the required number of treatment procedures multiple linear regression analysis was used for each treatment method separately.ResultsThe linear regression model with the best predictive quality (R2 = 0.74 and 0.73 for erythrocytapheresis and phlebotomy respectively) included initial SF, initial hemoglobin (Hb) level, age, and BMI, where initial SF was independently related to the total number of treatment procedures for both treatment methods. The prediction error expressed in RMSPE and RMSDR was lower for erythrocytapheresis than for phlebotomy (3.8 and 4.1 vs 7.0 and 8.0 respectively),ConclusionsAlthough the prediction error of the developed model was relatively large, the model may help the clinician to choose the most optimal treatment method for an individual patient. Generally erythrocytapheresis halves the number of treatment procedures for all patients, where the largest reduction (between 55% and 64%) is reached in patients with an initial Hb level ≥ 9 mmol/L (14.5 g/dL).ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00202436.
Role of inflammation in atrial fibrillation: A comprehensive review of current knowledge
Authors: Nso Nso , Bookani Kaveh R. , Metzl Mark , Radparvar Farshid 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac disorders affecting adults and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Efforts to manage AF through anti‐arrhythmics and rate control have been largely unsatisfactory. It has become clear that AF causes structural alterations in the atrial myocardium that propagate further AF, and that some of these alterations are the result of inflammation.MethodsAn in‐depth review of the available literature was undertaken using Google Scholar and keyword searches including [Atrial fibrillation] in combination with [inflammatory markers], [myocardial fibrosis], and [immunomodulators], limiting the search to English language articles. All articles were reviewed for relevance and collated by the author.ResultsMultiple markers of inflammation have been shown to be elevated in AF and to predict responses to treatments of AF including anti‐arrhythmics and cardioversion. The nidus of inflammation is not clear but seems to be related to the pulmonary veins.ConclusionsThe inflammatory cascade induces fibrotic changes in the myocardium, an arrhythmogenic process that stimulates further inflammation. Advances in treatment are focusing on biological agents and immunomodulators that inhibit the inflammatory cascade.
Automatic hip abductor muscle fat fraction estimation and association with early OA cartilage degeneration biomarkers
Authors: Tibrewala Radhika , Pedoia Valentina , Lee Jinhee , Kinnunen Carla , Popovic Tijana , Zhang Alan L. , Link Thomas M. , Souza Richard B. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop an automatic segmentation method for hip abductor muscles and find their fat fraction associations with early stage hip osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage degeneration biomarkers. This Institutional Review Board approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant prospective study recruited 61 patients with evidence of hip OA or Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI). Magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired for cartilage segmentation, T1ρ and T2 relaxation times computation and grading of cartilage lesion scores. A 3D V‐Net (Dice loss, Adam optimizer, learning rate = 1e−4, batch size = 3) was trained to segment the three muscles (gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia latae). The V‐Net performance was measured using Dice, distance maps between manual and automatic masks, and Bland‐Altman plots of the fat fractions and volumes. Associations between muscle fat fraction and T1ρ, T2 relaxation times values were found using voxel based relaxometry (VBR). A p < 0.05 was considered significant. The V‐Net had a Dice of 0.90, 0.88, and 0.91 (GMed, GMin, and TFL). The VBR results found associations of fat fraction of all three muscles in early stage OA and FAI patients with T1ρ, T2 relaxation times. Using an automatic, validated segmentation model, the associations derived between OA biomarkers and muscle fat fractions provide insight into early changes that occur in OA, and show that hip abductor muscle fat is associated with markers of cartilage degeneration.
Role of Doppler Ultrasound Analysis of Blood Flow Through the Ophthalmic and Intracranial Arteries in Predicting Neurologic Symptoms During Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Franjić Björn Dario , Lovričević Ivo , Brkić Petar , Dobrota Duško , Aždajić Stjepan , Hranjec Jasmina 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesCarotid endarterectomy (CEA) is frequently performed under locoregional anesthesia. The intraoperative clamping of the internal carotid artery (ICA) leads to cerebral hypoperfusion, which may in some patients result in the development of neurologic symptoms (NS). The objective of our study was to investigate whether there is an association between the preoperative ultrasound (US) Doppler flow in the ophthalmic artery (OA) and intracranial artery and the occurrence of these intraoperative NS.MethodsWe compared 50 patients with NS and 150 patients without NS during CEA. We analyzed their preoperative blood flow characteristics by Doppler US and their clinical and demographic characteristics.ResultsThe contralateral ICA occlusion increased the likelihood of intraoperative NS (odds ratio [OR], 8.4; P < .001). Abnormal contralateral OA flow also increased the likelihood of NS (OR, 1.84; P < .001), whereas ipsilateral abnormal OA flow reduced it (OR, 0.73; P = .06). Increased flow in the ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA) increased the likelihood of NS (OR, 3.3), whereas reversed flow decreased it (OR, 0.1; P = .03). Inverse flow in the contralateral ACA increased the risk (OR, 5.4), whereas increased flow reduced it (OR, 0.2; P = .02). Male patients had a higher risk of NS (P = .09) as well as older patients (P = .05). Eight percent of the patients with NS developed a transient ischemic attack or stroke.ConclusionsDoppler US analysis of the OA and ACA in combination with analysis of ICA stenosis may be a promising predictor of NS during ICA clamping. This, in turn, may warn the patient and the surgeon of an increased risk during surgery.
Deciphering the pathogenesis of the COL4‐related hematuric nephritis: A genotype/phenotype study
Authors: Uliana Vera , Sebastio Paola , Riva Matteo , Carli Diana , Ruberto Claudio , Bianchi Laura , Graziano Claudio , Capelli Irene , Faletra Flavio , Pillon Roberto , Mattina Teresa , Sensi Alberto , Bonatti Francesco , Percesepe Antonio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlport syndrome (ATS) is a hereditary progressive hematuric nephropathy associated with sensorineural deafness and ocular abnormalities, which is caused by mutations in the COL4A5 gene (X‐linked ATS) and in two autosomal genes, COL4A4 and COL4A3, responsible of both recessive ATS and, when present in heterozygosity, of a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from isolated hematuria to frank renal disease.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the clinical and genetic features of 76 patients from 34 unrelated ATS families (11 with mutations in COL4A5, 11 in COL4A3, and 12 in COL4A4) and genotype/phenotype correlation for the COL4A3/COL4A4 heterozygotes (34 patients from 14 families).ResultsEight (24%) of the 34 heterozygous COL4A3 and COL4A4 carriers developed renal failure at a mean age of 57 years, with a significantly lower risk than hemizygous COL4A5 or double heterozygous COL4A3/COL4A4 carriers (p < 0.01), but not different from that of the heterozygous COL4A5 females (p = 0.6). Heterozygous carriers of frameshift/splicing variants in COL4A3/COL4A4 presented a higher risk of developing renal failure than those with missense variants in the glycine domains (p = 0.015).ConclusionThe renal functional prognosis of patients with COL4A3/COL4A4‐positive ATS recapitulates that of the X‐linked ATS forms, with differences between heterozygous vs. double heterozygous patients and between carriers of loss‐of‐function vs. missense variants.