bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian optimal phase II clinical trial design with time‐to‐event endpoint
Authors: Zhou Heng , Chen Cong , Sun Linda , Yuan Ying 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYWe propose a Bayesian optimal phase II (BOP2) design for clinical trials with a time‐to‐event endpoint (eg, progression‐free survival [PFS]) or co‐primary endpoints consisted of a time‐to‐event endpoint and a categorical endpoint (eg, PFS and toxicity). We use an exponential‐inverse gamma model to model the time to event. At each interim, the go/no‐go decision is made by comparing the posterior probabilities of the event of interest with an adaptive probability cutoff. The BOP2 design is flexible in the number of interim looks and applicable to both single‐arm and two‐arm trials. The design maximizes the power for detecting effective treatments, with a well‐controlled type I error, thereby bridging the gap between Bayesian designs and frequentist designs. The BOP2 design is easy to implement. Its stopping boundary can be enumerated and included in study protocol before the onset of the trial for single‐arm studies. Simulation studies show that the BOP2 design has favorable operating characteristics, with higher power and lower risk of incorrectly terminating the trial than some Bayesian phase II designs. The software to implement the BOP2 design will be freely available at www.trialdesign.org.
A physically based raindrop–cloud droplet accretion parametrization for use in bulk microphysics schemes
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Jin Han‐Gyul , Baik Jong‐Jin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe accretion process in bulk cloud microphysics schemes can be parametrized using the stochastic collection equation (SCE). In this study, the collection efficiency of each raindrop–cloud droplet pair is applied to the SCE to derive a new accretion parametrization that considers a strong variability of accretion rate depending on the cloud droplet and raindrop size distributions. To evaluate the new accretion parametrization (NP), it is implemented into a cloud‐resolving model, replacing the original accretion parametrization (OP) based on the continuous collection equation. In the idealized simulations of deep convective clouds, NP predicts overall larger accretion rates and smaller autoconversion rates than OP. The resultant high accretion/autoconversion rate ratio in NP increases the mean raindrop size. This induces faster sedimentation of raindrops that is associated with the earlier onset of surface precipitation and also weakens the evaporation cooling of raindrops that can affect the thermodynamics and dynamics of clouds. Meanwhile, for a given pair of rainwater and cloud water mass contents, the accretion rates in NP have a broad distribution while those in OP are less variant, suggesting that the dependence of the accretion rates on bulk microphysical properties other than the mass contents also needs to be properly considered in accretion parametrizations. Most of the aforementioned differences between the two accretion parametrizations found in the idealized simulations are also found in the real‐case simulations of a precipitation event over Bangladesh but the differences are smaller, and the spatial distribution of the accumulated precipitation amount is relatively well predicted by NP compared to OP.
A new calibration technique for quantitative gas analyses of fluid inclusions using a quadrupole mass spectrometer
Authors: Pettitt Elizabeth A. , Schaller Morgan F. 
Published: June 2020

RationaleQuantitative gas analysis by quadrupole mass spectrometry is used widely in the study of fluid inclusion volatiles, but the currently available instrument calibration techniques have a number of limitations. We describe a new method to overcome these by employing custom‐machined stainless‐steel calibration volumes that fit into modified bellows valves and can be filled on the high‐vacuum prep line of the instrument. This allows the calibration gas to be introduced in a pulse‐like fashion, replicating a burst of sample gas from a ruptured fluid inclusion.MethodsThe modified bellows valves equipped with calibration volumes are loaded onto the high‐vacuum inlet of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Cobalt‐based alloy stem tips are then used to seal calibration gases (dry air, in this case) at known pressures into the calibration volumes for analysis.ResultsTwo volumes of different dimensions were used to produce a relationship between moles introduced and integrated beam area for m/z 14, 32, 40, and 44. A linear fit along with a 95% confidence band for the relationship of moles introduced and integrated beam area was determined for the purpose of quantitative gas analysis in fluid inclusions containing atmospheric air. The calibration curves for each m/z have R‐squared (COD) values of 0.94 or better. For validation of this calibration technique, measurements were made using outside air as an unknown.ConclusionsA new calibration technique has been developed for measuring femto‐ to pico‐mole quantities of atmospheric air that greatly reduces contamination and introduces calibration gas in a pulse similar to sample gas. This technique has reduced the error in quantifying these small aliquots of air to an uncertainty of ±1.5%.
Does piracy lead to product abandonment or stimulate new product development?: Evidence from mobile platform‐based developer firms
Authors: Miric Milan , Jeppesen Lars Bo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryWith the growth of digital platforms, understanding the role of property rights on those platforms has become increasingly important. Digital piracy, the unauthorized copying and distribution of digital products, is therefore an important strategic issue, both because of lost revenues and because it is thought to decrease innovation. Yet, while the latter effect is often argued, empirical evidence is limited. We study whether piracy affects innovation and whether it leads firms to shift to different types of innovations. By studying a large piracy event in a mobile app marketplace, we find that piracy leads to a decrease in the release of incremental innovations, such as bug fixes, but does not decrease more substantial revisions. Additionally, it is associated with subsequent new product development.Managerial AbstractFor many platform companies, a critical issue is understanding how piracy and imitation should be regulated, motivated in part by a common narrative that piracy will eliminate innovation on these platforms. The present article suggests that these effects are slightly more nuanced. We find that piracy does lead to a decline in incremental innovations, such as bug fixes or appearance tweaks, but no discernible decline in more major innovations, such as feature updates or entirely new versions. This implies that piracy can shape the type of innovation, potentially leading to products that are less polished and refined but not affecting the overall level of innovation.
Reflection as meta‐action: Lesson study and EFL teacher professional development
Authors: Uştuk Özgehan , De Costa Peter I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores the nature of reflective practice in a professional development process based on lesson study. The authors examine how a lesson study model initiates reflection as a meta‐action scaffolding reflective practice among teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) at a university in Turkey. Fieldnotes, interviews, and audio diaries were used to collect both introspective and retrospective data. These data sources enabled the researchers to focus on reflective action both as a process and as a product. Using thematic content analysis, the research demonstrates how reflective practice permeates lesson study as teachers reflect on their practice both individually and collaboratively. Moreover, the research also shows how teacher agency can be promoted in reflective practice throughout lesson study. The findings reveal how reflection as meta‐action in lesson study can support transformative teacher agency among EFL teachers.
Precipitation Variability in West Africa in the Context of Global Warming and Adaptation Recommendations
Authors: Quenum Gandome Mayeul L. D. , Klutse Nana A. B. , Alamou Eric A. , Lawin Emmanuel A. , Oguntunde Philip G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is commonly accepted that the Earth’s climate is changing and will continue to change in the future. Rising temperatures are one of the direct indicators of global climate change. To investigate how the rising global temperature will affect the spatial pattern of rainfall in West Africa, the precipitation and potential evapotranspiration variables from ten Global Climate Models (GCMs) under the RCP8.5 scenario were driven by the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model (RCA4) from the COordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) and analyzed at four specific global warming levels (GWLs) (i.e., 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C, 2.5 °C, and 3.0 °C) above the preindustrial level. This study utilized three indices, the precipitation concentration index (PCI), the precipitation concentration degree (PCD), and the precipitation concentration period (PCP) over West Africa to explore the spatiotemporal variations in the characteristics of precipitation concentrations. Besides, the analysis of the effect of the specified GWLs on the Consecutive Dry Days (CDD), Consecutive Wet Days (CWD), and frequency of the intense rainfall events allowed to a better understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of extreme precipitation in West Africa. Results reveal that, for the projections simulations and at each GWL, the rainfall onset starts one month earlier in the Gulf of Guinea in response to the control period. To encourage adaptation to the various changes in climate in general, and particularly in respect of rainfall, this study proposes several adaptation methods that can be implemented at the local (country) level, as well as some mitigation and adaptation strategies at the regional (West African) level.
Simulation-Based Assessment Methods
Authors: van der Meer A. A. , Bhandia R. , Palensky P. , Cvetković M. , Widl E. , Nguyen V. H. , Tran Q. T. , Heussen K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter provides a brief overview of modelling and simulation approaches for smart grid systems. A special focus is put onto the coupling of simulation environments; i.e., the co-simulation of power systems and its components. Furthermore, selected implementations of standardized interfaces for domain simulators covering the domains of power systems and ICT are presented.
Domains Without Dense Steklov Nodal Sets
Authors: Bruno Oscar P. , Galkowski Jeffrey 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article concerns the asymptotic geometric character of the nodal set of the eigenfunctions of the Steklov eigenvalue problem $$\begin{aligned} -\Delta \phi _{\sigma _j}=0,\quad \hbox { on }\,\,\Omega ,\quad \partial _\nu \phi _{\sigma _j}=\sigma _j \phi _{\sigma _j}\quad \hbox { on }\,\,\partial \Omega \end{aligned}$$-Δϕσj=0,onΩ,∂νϕσj=σjϕσjon∂Ωin two-dimensional domains $$\Omega $$Ω. In particular, this paper presents a dense family $$\mathcal {A}$$A of simply-connected two-dimensional domains with analytic boundaries such that, for each $$\Omega \in \mathcal {A}$$Ω∈A, the nodal set of the eigenfunction $$\phi _{\sigma _j}$$ϕσj “is not dense at scale $$\sigma _j^{-1}$$σj-1”. This result addresses a question put forth under “Open Problem 10” in Girouard and Polterovich (J Spectr Theory 7(2):321–359, 2017). In fact, the results in the present paper establish that, for domains $$\Omega \in \mathcal {A}$$Ω∈A, the nodal sets of the eigenfunctions $$\phi _{\sigma _j}$$ϕσj associated with the eigenvalue $$\sigma _j$$σj have starkly different character than anticipated: they are not dense at any shrinking scale. More precisely, for each $$\Omega \in \mathcal {A}$$Ω∈A there is a value $$r_1>0$$r1>0 such that for each j there is $$x_j\in \Omega $$xj∈Ω such that $$\phi _{\sigma _j}$$ϕσj does not vanish on the ball of radius $$r_1$$r1 around $$x_j$$xj.
Towards control of cellulose biosynthesis by Komagataeibacter using systems-level and strain engineering strategies: current progress and perspectives
Authors: Ryngajłło Małgorzata , Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska Marzena , Kubiak Katarzyna , Ludwicka Karolina , Bielecki Stanisław 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe strains of the Komagataeibacter genus have been shown to be the most efficient bacterial nanocellulose producers. Although exploited for many decades, the studies of these species focused mainly on the optimisation of cellulose synthesis process through modification of culturing conditions in the industrially relevant settings. Molecular physiology of Komagataeibacter was poorly understood and only a few studies explored genetic engineering as a strategy for strain improvement. Only since recently the systemic information of the Komagataeibacter species has been accumulating in the form of omics datasets representing sequenced genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes. Genetic analyses of the mutants generated in the untargeted strain modification studies have drawn attention to other important proteins, beyond those of the core catalytic machinery of the cellulose synthase complex. Recently, modern molecular and synthetic biology tools have been developed which showed the potential for improving targeted strain engineering. Taking the advantage of the gathered knowledge should allow for better understanding of the genotype–phenotype relationship which is necessary for robust modelling of metabolism as well as selection and testing of new molecular engineering targets. In this review, we discuss the current progress in the area of Komagataeibacter systems biology and its impact on the research aimed at scaled-up cellulose synthesis as well as BNC functionalisation.

Key points• The accumulated omics datasets advanced the systemic understanding of Komagataeibacter physiology at the molecular level.• Untargeted and targeted strain modification approaches have been applied to improve nanocellulose yield and properties.• The development of modern molecular and synthetic biology tools presents a potential for enhancing targeted strain engineering.• The accumulating omic information should improve modelling of Komagataeibacter’s metabolism as well as selection and testing of new molecular engineering targets.
Decomposition of arrow type positive semidefinite matrices with application to topology optimization
Authors: Kočvara Michal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDecomposition of large matrix inequalities for matrices with chordal sparsity graph has been recently used by Kojima et al. (Math Program 129(1):33–68, 2011) to reduce problem size of large scale semidefinite optimization (SDO) problems and thus increase efficiency of standard SDO software. A by-product of such a decomposition is the introduction of new dense small-size matrix variables. We will show that for arrow type matrices satisfying suitable assumptions, the additional matrix variables have rank one and can thus be replaced by vector variables of the same dimensions. This leads to significant improvement in efficiency of standard SDO software. We will apply this idea to the problem of topology optimization formulated as a large scale linear semidefinite optimization problem. Numerical examples will demonstrate tremendous speed-up in the solution of the decomposed problems, as compared to the original large scale problem. In our numerical example the decomposed problems exhibit linear growth in complexity, compared to the more than cubic growth in the original problem formulation. We will also give a connection of our approach to the standard theory of domain decomposition and show that the additional vector variables are outcomes of the corresponding discrete Steklov–Poincaré operators.
The (Broad-Sense) Genetic Correlations Among Four Measures of Inattention and Hyperactivity in 12 Year Olds
Authors: Dolan Conor V. , de Zeeuw Eveline L. , Zayats Tetyana , van Beijsterveldt C. E. M. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe estimated the genetic covariance matrix among four inattention (INATT) and four hyperactivity (HYP) measures in the classical twin design. Data on INATT and HYP symptom counts were obtained in mono- and dizygotic twin pairs (N = 1593) with an average age of 12.2 years (sd = .51). We analyzed maternal ratings of INATT and HYP based on the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale (CPRS), the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-symptoms and Normal-behavior (SWAN), and teacher ratings based on the Conners' Teacher rating scale (CTRS) and the ASEBA Teacher Rating Form (TRF). Broad-sense heritabilities, corrected for the main effects of sex and for random teacher rater effects, were large (ranging from .658 to .912). The results reveal pervasive and strong broad-sense genetic effects on INATT and HYP phenotypes with the phenotypic covariance among the phenotypes largely due to correlated genetic effects. Specifically between 79.9 and 99.9% of the phenotypic covariance among the HYP measures, and between 81.0 and 93.5% of the INATT measures are attributable to broad-sense genetic effects. Overall, the present results, pertaining to the broad-sense heritabilities and shared genetic effects, support the current genome-wide association meta-analytic approach to identifying pleiotropic genetic variants.
Atypical Sensory Processing Profiles and Their Associations With Motor Problems In Preschoolers With Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Mikami Misaki , Hirota Tomoya , Takahashi Michio , Adachi Masaki , Saito Manabu , Koeda Shuhei , Yoshida Kazutaka , Sakamoto Yui , Kato Sumi , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Yamada Junko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to identify sensory processing profiles specific to preschoolers with DCD in a community sample and examine the association of sensory processing problems with motor coordination difficulties in these children. Sixty-three 5-year-old children with DCD and without other neurodevelopmental disorders and 106 age-matched typically developing children participated in this study. Sensory processing problems were assessed using the Sensory Profile. Our results demonstrated problems in wide sensory processing patterns (low registration, sensitivity and avoiding) and areas (auditory, vestibular, touch and oral) in children with DCD compared with typically developing children. Additionally, the association of problems in sensory processing patterns (sensitivity and avoiding) and areas (touch and auditory) with motor coordination difficulties were identified in children with DCD alone. Our findings indicate that sensory processing abnormalities may contribute to the pathophysiology of DCD, suggesting the importance of assessing sensory processing functions in children with DCD.
Photosynthesis, carbon acquisition and primary productivity of phytoplankton: a review dedicated to Colin Reynolds
Authors: Dokulil Martin T. , Qian Kuimei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe review intends to give an overview on developments, success, results of photosynthetic research and on primary productivity of algae both freshwater and marine with emphasis on more recent discoveries. Methods and techniques are briefly outlined focusing on latest improvements. Light harvesting and carbon acquisition are evaluated as a basis of regional and global primary productivity and algal growth. Thereafter, long-time series, remote sensing and river production are exemplified and linked to the potential effects of climate change. Lastly, the synthesis seeks to put the life achievements of Colin S. Reynolds into context of the subject review.
Use of a Decision Support Tool on Prognosis of Work Ability in Work Disability Assessments: An Experimental Study Among Insurance Physicians
Authors: Louwerse I. , Huysmans M. A. , van Rijssen H. J. , Gielen C. L. I. , van der Beek A. J. , Anema J. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurpose Assessment of prognosis of work disability is a challenging task for occupational health professionals. An evidence-based decision support tool, based on a prediction model, could aid professionals in the decision-making process. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of such a tool on Dutch insurance physicians’ (IPs) prognosis of work ability and their prognostic confidence, and assess IPs’ attitudes towards use of the tool. Methods We conducted an experimental study including six case vignettes among 29 IPs. For each vignette, IPs first specified their own prognosis of future work ability and prognostic confidence. Next, IPs were informed about the outcome of the prediction model and asked whether this changed their initial prognosis and prognostic confidence. Finally, respondents reported their attitude towards use of the tool in real practice. Results The concordance between IPs’ prognosis and the outcome of the prediction model was low: IPs’ prognosis was more positive in 72 (41%) and more negative in 20 (11%) cases. Using the decision support tool, IPs changed their prognosis in only 13% of the cases. IPs prognostic confidence decreased when prognosis was discordant, and remained unchanged when it was concordant. Concerning attitudes towards use, the wish to know more about the tool was considered as the main barrier. Conclusion The efficacy of the tool on IPs’ prognosis of work ability and their prognostic confidence was low. Although the perceived barriers were overall limited, only a minority of the IPs indicated that they would be willing to use the tool in practice.
Point-of-care platelet function tests: relevance to arterial thrombosis and opportunities for improvement
Authors: Gorog Diana A. , Becker Richard C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudies using whole blood platelet aggregometry as a laboratory research tool, provided important insights into the mechanism and modulators of platelet aggregation. Subsequently, a number of point-of-care (POC) platelet function tests (PFTs) were developed for clinical use, based on the concept that an individual’s thrombotic profile could be assessed in vitro by assessing the response to stimulation of platelet aggregation by specific, usually solo agonists such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen and thrombin. However, adjusting antiplatelet medication in order to improve the results of such POC PFTs has not translated into a meaningful reduction in cardiovascular events, which may be attributable to important differences between the POC PFT techniques and in vivo conditions, including patient-to-patient variability. Important limitations of most tests include the use of citrate-anticoagulated blood. Citrate directly and irreversibly diminishes platelet function and even after recalcification, it may result in altered platelet aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine or collagen, and interfere with thrombin generation from activated platelets. Furthermore, most tests do not employ flowing blood and therefore do not assess the effect of high shear forces on platelets that initiate, propagate and stabilize arterial thrombi. Finally, the effect of endogenous thrombolysis, due to fibrinolysis and dislodgement, which ultimately determines the outcome of a thrombotic stimulus, is mostly not assessed. In order to accurately reflect an individual’s predisposition to arterial thrombosis, future tests of thrombotic status which overcome these limitations should be used, to improve cardiovascular risk prediction and to guide pharmacotherapy.