bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridge Essay: Modern Drama: A Multidimensional Live Form of World Literature
Authors: Luckhurst Mary 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter explains the contexts for the rise of modern drama and its hybridities. The chapter asserts that the global spread of modern drama is connected to local struggles for social justice, freedom of expression, and women's emancipation, major features of modernity. The power of modern drama lies in its easy appropriation by playwrights to address topical events, advocate for social and political reform, and bring human rights issues to the fore. While the representation and treatment of women has been a feature of many canonical plays by men, the material production of theater is generally controlled by males, and female playwrights have been neglected, especially writers of color.
The effect of topical epinephrine 1:1000 with and without infiltration of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 on endoscopic surgical field visualization: a double‐blind randomized controlled study
Authors: Tangbumrungtham Navarat , Hwang Peter H. , Maul Ximena , Borchard Nicole A. , Dholakia Sachi S. , Patel Zara M. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Choby Garret 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe objective of this study is to determine whether the infiltration of 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in addition to topical application of 1:1000 epinephrine significantly improves surgical field grading scale score over topical 1:1000 epinephrine alone.MethodsA prospective, double‐blind, randomized, controlled study was performed of 40 patients undergoing bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive infiltration with 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine on 1 side of the nasal cavity vs plain saline on the other side in preparation for ESS. Both groups received topical application of 1:1000 epinephrine. Surgical videos were recorded and Wormald surgical field grading scale was assigned by 2 blinded reviewers. The number of extra 1:1000 epinephrine pledgets used during the surgery, estimated blood loss, and surgical duration were also recorded.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in Wormald surgical field grading scale, number of extra pledgets used, or estimated blood loss between the nasal cavity side infiltrated with 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in comparison to infiltration with saline. The side infiltrated with 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine had a reduced operative time compared to the side infiltrated with saline (p = 0.002). There were no differences in postoperative bleeding from questionnaire completed by patient at the first postoperative visit.ConclusionAddition of infiltration of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 to topical application of epinephrine 1:1000 for preparation of ESS does not significantly improve surgical field of view compared to topical epinephrine alone.
The characteristics of hDPP4 transgenic mice subjected to aerosol MERS coronavirus infection via an animal nose‐only exposure device
Authors: Hao Xin‐yan , Lv Qi , Li Feng‐di , Xu Yan‐feng , Gao Hong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), which is not fully understood in regard to certain transmission routes and pathogenesis and lacks specific therapeutics and vaccines, poses a global threat to public health.MethodsTo simulate the clinical aerosol transmission route, hDPP4 transgenic mice were infected with MERS‐CoV by an animal nose‐only exposure device and compared with instillation‐inoculated mice. The challenged mice were observed for 14 consecutive days and necropsied on days 3, 5, 7, and 9 to analyze viral load, histopathology, viral antigen distribution, and cytokines in tissues.ResultsMERS‐CoV aerosol‐infected mice with an incubation period of 5‐7 days showed weight loss on days 7‐11, obvious lung lesions on day 7, high viral loads in the lungs on days 3‐9 and in the brain on days 7‐9, and 60% survival. MERS‐CoV instillation‐inoculated mice exhibited clinical signs on day 1, obvious lung lesions on days 3‐5, continuous weight loss, 0% survival by day 5, and high viral loads in the lungs and brain on days 3‐5. Viral antigen and high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were detected in the aerosol and instillation groups. Disease, lung lesion, and viral replication progressions were slower in the MERS‐CoV aerosol‐infected mice than in the MERS‐CoV instillation‐inoculated mice.ConclusionhDPP4 transgenic mice were successfully infected with MERS‐CoV aerosols via an animal nose‐only exposure device, and aerosol‐ and instillation‐infected mice simulated the clinical symptoms of moderate diffuse interstitial pneumonia. However, the transgenic mice exposed to aerosol MERS‐CoV developed disease and lung pathology progressions that more closely resembled those observed in humans.
Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Antiperovskites
Authors: Shi Chao , Yu Hui , Wang Qin‐Wen , Ye Le , Gong Zhi‐Xin , Ma Jia‐Jun , Jiang Jia‐Ying , Hua Miao‐Miao , Shuai Cijun , Zhang Yi , Ye Heng‐Yun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSubstitution of A‐site and/or X‐site ions of ABX3‐type perovskites with organic groups can give rise to hybrid perovskites, many of which display intriguing properties beyond their parent compounds. However, this method cannot be extended effectively to hybrid antiperovskites. Now, the design of hybrid antiperovskites under the guidance of the concept of Goldschmidt's tolerance factor is presented. Spherical anions were chosen for the A and B sites and spherical organic cations for the X site, and seven hybrid antiperovskites were obtained, including (F3(H2O)x)(AlF6)(H2dabco)3, ((Co(CN)6)(H2O)5)(MF6)(H2dabco)3 (M=Al3+, Cr3+, or In3+), (Co(CN)6)(MF6)(H2pip)3 (M=Al3+ or Cr3+), and (SbI6)(AlF6)(H2dabco)3. These new structures reveal that all ions at A, B, and X sites of inorganic antiperovskites can be replaced by molecular ions to form hybrid antiperovskites. This work will lead to the synthesis of a large family of hybrid antiperovskites.
Multicomponent Reductive Cross‐Coupling of an Inorganic Sulfur Dioxide Surrogate: Straightforward Construction of Diversely Functionalized Sulfones
Authors: Meng Yingying , Wang Ming , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConventionally, sulfones are prepared by oxidation of sulfides with strong oxidants. Now, a multicomponent reductive cross‐coupling involving an inorganic salt (sodium metabisulfite) for the straightforward construction of sulfones is disclosed. Both intramolecular and intermolecular reductive cross‐couplings were comprehensively explored, and diverse sulfones were accessible from the corresponding alkyl and aryl halides. Intramolecular cyclic sulfones were systematically obtained from five‐ to twelve‐membered rings. Naturally occurring aliphatic systems, such as steroids, saccharides, and amino acids, were highly compatible with the SO2‐insertion reductive cross‐coupling. Four clinically applied drug molecules, which include multiple heteroatoms and functional groups with active hydrogens, were successfully prepared via a late‐stage SO2 insertion. Mechanistic studies show that alkyl radicals and sulfonyl radicals were both involved as intermediates in this transformation.
Hydrazide‐Catalyzed Polyene Cyclization: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Synthesis of cis‐Decalins
Authors: Plamondon Samuel J. , Warnica Josephine M. , Kaldre Dainis , Gleason James L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolyene cyclizations offer rapid entry into terpenoid ring systems. Although enantioselective cyclizations of (E)‐polyenes to form trans‐decalin ring systems are well precedented, highly enantioselective cyclizations of (Z)‐polyenes to form the corresponding cis‐decalins have not been reported. Here, we describe the first application of iminium catalysis to the initiation of polyene cyclizations. Ethyl 1,2‐diazepane‐1‐carboxylate catalyzes the cyclization of polyenes bearing enal initiators. Moreover, chiral bicyclic hydrazides catalyze the cyclizations of (Z)‐polyene substrates to form cis‐decalins with enantioselectivities of up to 97:3 er. DFT calculations suggest the catalysts promote the reaction by stabilizing positive charge as it develops during the bicyclization.
Membrane‐Anchoring Photosensitizer with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics for Combating Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Chen Huan , Li Shengliang , Wu Min , Kenry  , Huang Zhongming , Lee Chun‐Sing , Liu Bin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTraditional photosensitizers (PSs) show reduced singlet oxygen (1O2) production and quenched fluorescence upon aggregation in aqueous media, which greatly affect their efficiency in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Meanwhile, non‐targeting PSs generally yield low efficiency in antibacterial performance due to their short lifetimes and small effective working radii. Herein, a water‐dispersible membrane anchor (TBD‐anchor) PS with aggregation‐induced emission is designed and synthesized to generate 1O2 on the bacterial membrane. TBD‐anchor showed efficient antibacterial performance towards both Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Over 99.8 % killing efficiency was obtained for methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) when they were exposed to 0.8 μm of TBD‐anchor at a low white light dose (25 mW cm−2) for 10 minutes. TBD‐anchor thus shows great promise as an effective antimicrobial agent to combat the menace of multidrug‐resistant bacteria.
Widely Adaptable Oil‐in‐Water Gel Emulsions Stabilized by an Amphiphilic Hydrogelator Derived from Dehydroabietic Acid
Authors: Yan Tingting , Song Binglei , Pei Xiaomei , Cui Zhenggang , Binks Bernard P. , Yang Hengquan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA surfactant, R‐6‐AO, derived from dehydroabietic acid has been synthesized. It behaves as a highly efficient low‐molecular‐weight hydrogelator with an extremely low critical gelation concentration (CGC) of 0.18 wt % (4 mm). R‐6‐AO not only stabilizes oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions at concentrations above its critical micelle concentration (cmc) of 0.6 mm, but also forms gel emulsions at concentrations beyond the CGC with the oil volume fraction freely adjustable between 2 % and 95 %. Cryo‐TEM images reveal that R‐6‐AO molecules self‐assemble into left‐handed helical fibers with cross‐sectional diameters of about 10 nm in pure water, which can be turned to very stable hydrogels at concentrations above the CGC. The gel emulsions stabilized by R‐6‐AO can be prepared with different oils (n‐dodecane, n‐decane, n‐octane, soybean oil, olive oil, tricaprylin) owing to the tricyclic diterpene hydrophobic structure in their molecules that enables them to adopt a unique arrangement in the fibers.
Chirality‐Embedded Nanographenes
Authors: Nishitani Shohei , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe development of chiral nanographenes has mostly been carried out by bottom‐up methods and examples of species developed by the post‐modification of nanographenes prepared by top‐down methods remain limited. We show that the attachment of chiral functional groups onto the edge of nanographenes generates chirality on the surface. X‐ray diffraction analysis and DFT calculations indicate that the chirality of the functional groups is transferred to the surface via steric interactions from the chiral center through the five‐membered cyclic imide to the nanographene edge. The exciton coupling between the p‐bromophenyl groups confirms that the functional groups are arranged on the armchair edges at distances that permit exciton coupling, which provides information about their relative orientation. These pieces of information help to elucidate the edge structure of nanographenes prepared by top‐down methods.
Metalla‐Assembled Electron‐Rich Tweezers: Redox‐Controlled Guest Release Through Supramolecular Dimerization
Authors: Krykun Serhii , Dekhtiarenko Maksym , Canevet David , Carré Vincent , Aubriet Frédéric , Levillain Eric , Allain Magali , Voitenko Zoia , Sallé Marc , Goeb Sébastien 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDeveloping methodologies for on‐demand control of the release of a molecular guest requires the rational design of stimuli‐responsive hosts with functional cavities. While a substantial number of responsive metallacages have already been described, the case of coordination‐tweezers has been less explored. Herein, we report the first example of a redox‐triggered guest release from a metalla‐assembled tweezer. This tweezer incorporates two redox‐active panels constructed from the electron‐rich 9‐(1,3‐dithiol‐2‐ylidene)fluorene unit that are facing each other. It dimerizes spontaneously in solution and the resulting interpenetrated supramolecular structure can dissociate in the presence of an electron‐poor planar unit, forming a 1:1 host–guest complex. This complex dissociates upon tweezer oxidation/dimerization, offering an original redox‐triggered molecular delivery pathway.
Snapshots of Dynamic Adaptation: Two‐Dimensional Molecular Architectonics with Linear Bis‐Hydroxamic Acid Modules
Authors: Jing Chao , Zhang Bodong , Synkule Sabine , Ebrahimi Maryam , Riss Alexander , Auwärter Willi , Jiang Li , Médard Guillaume , Reichert Joachim , Barth Johannes V. , Papageorgiou Anthoula C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLinear modules equipped with two terminal hydroxamic acid groups act as the building block of diverse two‐dimensional supramolecular motifs and patterns with room‐temperature stability on the close‐packed single‐crystal surfaces of silver and gold, revealing a complex self‐assembly scenario. By combining multiple investigation techniques (scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations), we analyze the characteristics of the ordered assemblies which range from close‐packed structures to polyporous networks featuring an exceptionally extended primitive unit cell with a side length exceeding 7 nm. The polyporous network shows potential for hosting and promoting the formation of chiral supramolecules, whereas a transition from 1D chiral randomness to an ordered racemate is discovered in a different porous phase. We correlate the observed structural changes to the adaptivity of the building block and surface‐induced changes in the chemical state of the hydroxamic acid functional group.
Covalent Organic Framework for Improving Near‐Infrared Light Induced Fluorescence Imaging through Two‐Photon Induction
Authors: Zeng Jin‐Yue , Wang Xiao‐Shuang , Xie Bo‐Ru , Li Min‐Jie , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFluorescent materials exhibiting two‐photon induction (TPI) are used for nonlinear optics, bioimaging, and phototherapy. Polymerizations of molecular chromophores to form π‐conjugated structures were hindered by the lack of long‐range ordering in the structure and strong π–π stacking between the chromophores. Reported here is the rational design of a benzothiadiazole‐based covalent organic framework (COF) for promoting TPI and obtaining efficient two‐photon induced fluorescence emissions. Characterization and spectroscopic data revealed that the enhancement in TPI performance is attributed to the donor‐π‐acceptor‐π‐donor configuration and regular intervals of the chromophores, the large π‐conjugation domain, and the long‐range order of COF crystals. The crystalline structure of TPI‐COF attenuates the π–π stacking interactions between the layers, and overcomes aggregation‐caused emission quenching of the chromophores for improving near‐infrared two‐photon induced fluorescence imaging.
Parallel Homochiral and Anti‐Parallel Heterochiral Hydrogen‐Bonding Interfaces in Multi‐Helical Abiotic Foldamers
Authors: Mazzier Daniela , De Soumen , Wicher Barbara , Maurizot Victor , Huc Ivan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA hydrogen‐bonding interface between helical aromatic oligoamide foldamers has been designed to promote the folding of a helix‐turn‐helix motif with a head‐to‐tail arrangement of two helices of opposite handedness. This design complements an earlier helix‐turn‐helix motif with a head‐to‐head arrangement of two helices of identical handedness interface. The two motifs were shown to have comparable stability and were combined in a unimolecular tetra‐helix fold constituting the largest abiotic tertiary structure to date.
Comparative analysis of dsRNA‐induced lncRNAs in three kinds of insect species
Authors: Guan Ruobing , Li Haichao , Zhang Hao , An Shiheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have immune responses to various stimuli have been identified in some insects. One type of pathogen‐associated molecular pattern, double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA), can trigger the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway and immune response. Interestingly, there has been no research into characterizing the relationship between lncRNA and dsRNA‐induced RNAi pathways. In this study, dsRNA‐induced lncRNAs were investigated in two species of lepidopteran insects, Helicoverpa armigera and Plutella xylostella, and one species of coleopteran insects, Tribolium castaneum. Between untreated group and dsRNA‐induced group; 3,463 H. armigera, 6,245 P. xylostella, and 3,067 T. castaneum differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified while 156 H. armigera, 247 P. xylostella, 415 T. castaneum lncRNAs and their putative target genes showed consistent changes in gene expression. In T. castaneum, most target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs are enriched in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway, ABC transporters, and Janus kinase–signal transducers and activators of the transcription signaling pathway. Conversely, in H. armigera and P. xylostella, the differentially expressed lncRNAs were mainly enriched in the metabolic, digestive, and synthetic signaling pathways. This result indicates that dsRNA‐induced lncRNA is species‐dependent. We also found that both Dicer‐2 and the lncRNA that targets Dicer‐2 were significantly upregulated after dsRNA treatment in P. xylostella, indicating that some lncRNAs may be involved in the regulation of the core RNAi pathway in insects. Our results are the first to identify a relationship between lncRNAs and dsRNA in various insect species with different RNAi efficiencies. These results provide a reference for future study of the dsRNA‐induced RNAi pathway and different RNAi efficiencies among insect species.
Ambidextrous α,γ‐Hybrid Peptide Foldamers
Authors: Misra Rajkumar , George Gijo , Saseendran Abhijith , Raghothama Srinivasarao , Gopi Hosahudya N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMolecular chirality is ubiquitous in nature. The natural biopolymers, proteins and DNA, preferred a right‐handed helical bias due to the inherent stereochemistry of the monomer building blocks. Here, we are reporting a rare co‐existence of left‐ and right‐handed helical conformations and helix‐terminating property at the C‐terminus within a single molecule of α,γ‐hybrid peptide foldamers composed of achiral Aib (α‐aminoisobutyric acid) and 3,3‐dimethyl‐substituted γ‐amino acid (Adb; 4‐amino‐3,3‐dimethylbutanoic acid). At the molecular level, the left‐ and right‐handed helical screw sense of α,γ‐hybrid peptides are representing a macroscopic tendril perversion. The pronounced helix‐terminating behaviour of C‐terminal Adb residues was further explored to design helix–Schellman loop mimetics and to study their conformations in solution and single crystals. The stereochemical constraints of dialkyl substitutions on γ‐amino acids showed a marked impact on the folding behaviour of α,γ‐hybrid peptides.
Berücksichtigung von Dauerstandseffekten im Nachrechnungswert der Betondruckfestigkeit
Authors: Weber Michael , Sefrin Rabea , Schnell Jürgen , Glock Christian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProf. Hegger hat sich als deutscher Vertreter in dem Normengremium CEN/TC250/SC2/WG2 und als Obmann des zugehörigen Deutschen Spiegelausschusses mit unermüdlichem Einsatz herausragende Verdienste um die Weiterentwicklung des Eurocodes 2 erworben. Die nächste Generation dieses Normenwerks wird auch Regelungen zum Bauen im Bestand enthalten. In diesem Zusammenhang ist eine Vielzahl offener Fragen zu den Grundlagen der Stahlbetonbemessung zu beantworten.Einem diesbezüglichen Aspekt geht der vorliegende Beitrag nach. Dabei soll geklärt werden, ob sich lang andauernde Beanspruchung auf Gebrauchsniveau in nennenswertem Umfang auf den anzusetzenden Dauerstandsbeiwert αcc auswirkt. Im Neubaufall (Bemessung) wird dieser Wert in Deutschland mit 0,85 angenommen. Bei der Nachweisführung für Bestandstragwerke (Nachrechnung), die auf der Entnahme von Bohrkernen basiert, die sowohl die Nacherhärtung des Betons als auch seine Vorbelastung „enthalten“, stellt sich grundsätzlich die Frage, ob der Dauerstandsbeiwert in gleicher Größe wie im Neubaufall anzusetzen ist.Wenngleich die im Bestand typischerweise vorliegende große Streuung der Betondruckfestigkeit eine mit vertretbarem Aufwand erzielbare, wissenschaftlich voll befriedigende Nachweisführung verhindert, kann nachfolgend anhand durchgeführter eigener Versuche doch eine eindeutige Empfehlung zur Berücksichtigung von Dauerstandseffekten im Nachrechnungswert der Betondruckfestigkeit formuliert werden.
“Do human values matter for promoting brands on social media? How social media users' values influence valuable brand‐related activities such as sharing, content creation, and reviews”
Authors: Nikolinakou Angeliki , Phua Joe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCompanies consider social media‐based consumer engagement behaviors such as sharing, content creation, and reviews for brands as more valuable than “liking” or consuming brand content. Studies show that branded content shared or created by consumers on social media may drive more brand awareness and loyalty than “likes” (Adweek, 2013). Global companies are increasingly focusing their efforts on motivating consumer‐driven content creation (e.g., Coca‐Cola #shareacoke and Apple #ShotoniPhone; Sprout Index, 2018). However, marketing practitioners are only recently beginning to understand social media audiences who engage in such activities (Adweek, 2018). This study posits that human values can be used to identify and segment audiences for social media‐based valuable brand activities. Three online surveys were conducted with Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram users (ages 18–34) on Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 491). The relationship between social media users' values and their reported social media activities was examined. Findings indicate that the human values examined (conservation, self‐enhancement, openness to change and self‐transcendence) are significant drivers of valuable brand‐related social media activities. Companies should address conservation‐driven users in order to elicit brand sharing and creation activities. Companies should target conservation‐driven users for sharing promotions, self‐enhancement‐driven users for sharing informational content and writing of product reviews, and openness to change‐driven users for user‐generated content. Bussinesses should further highlight their corporate social responsibility efforts as a negative relationship is found between users' self‐transcendence values and brand activities. Recommendations are provided on how brandscan address users' values in their social media marketing to motivate sharing of branded content and content creation.