bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of nicotinic receptors in SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 expression in intestinal epithelia
Authors: Hove Anne Sophie ten , Brinkman David Jan , Yim Andrew Y.F. Li , Verseijden Caroline , Hakvoort Theo B.M. , Admiraal Iris , Welting Olaf , Hamersveld Patricia H.P. van , Sinniger Valerie , Bonaz Bruno , Luyer Misha D. , de Jonge Wouter J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background – Recent evidence demonstrated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) propagates in intestinal epithelial cells expressing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), implying that these cells represent an important entry site for the viral infection. Nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) have been put forward as potential regulators of inflammation and of ACE2 expression. As vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) activates nAChRs, we aimed to investigate whether VNS can be instrumental in affecting intestinal epithelial ACE2 expression.Methods – By using publicly available datasets we qualified epithelial ACE2 expression in human intestine, and assessed gene co-expression of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 priming Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) with nAChRs in intestinal epithelial cells. Next, we investigated mouse and human ACE2 expression in intestinal tissues after chronic VNS via implanted devices.Results – We show co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with nAChRs and α7 nAChR in particular in intestinal stem cells, goblet cells, and enterocytes. However, VNS did not affect ACE2 expression in murine or human intestinal tissue, albeit in colitis setting.Conclusions – ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are specifically expressed in epithelial cells of human intestine, and both are co-expressed with nAChRs. However, no evidence for regulation of ACE2 expression through VNS could be found. Hence, a therapeutic value of VNS with respect to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk through ACE2 receptor modulation in intestinal epithelia could not be established.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emergency department visits: a retrospective analysis in Shanghai, China
Authors: Long Wei , Hu Jiudong , Li Lijuan , Zuo Sheng , Yang Qian , Ren Zenghua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) has led to a pandemic and affected people's lives greatly, including their health seeking behavior. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on characteristics and trends of emergency department (ED) visits in Shanghai, China.Methods This was a retrospective observational study using medical record databases from the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital (East Campus) for years 2016 through 2020. All the patients referred to the ED between January 2016 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. January 1, 2020, was chosen as the cutoff date for the statistical analysis and data of January and February in 2020 was compared with the same period of 2019.Results During the first two months of 2020, there was a 60.9% decline in ED visits when compared with the same period of 2019 (9,904 vs. 25,316, respectively), and the waiting time in ED has been greatly reduced correspondingly (12±4 vs. 66±19 min, p < 0.001); ED visits for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and acute coronary syndrome(ACS) decreased by 53.9% and 41.2% respectively; proportion of intravenous thrombolysis for AIS has dropped(42.1% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.003), and percutaneous coronary intervention for ACS was similar (70.6% vs. 63.3%, p = 0.668); and onset-to-door time (ODT) of these patients increased significantly (AIS: 217(136-374) vs. 378(260-510)min, ACS: 135(85-195) vs. 226(155-368)min, all p < 0.001).Conclusion The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic was correlated with a significant decline in the number of ED visits including AIS and ACS patients when compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. ODT of AIS and ACS patients increased significantly. Raising public awareness is necessary to avoid serious healthcare and economic consequences of undiagnosed and untreated stroke and myocardial infarction attack.
Psychopathy Predicting Violent Criminal Behaviour among Adult Offenders
Authors: Shagufta Sonia 
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present research was to examine the role of psychopathy in predicting violent offending within a sample of adult criminal inmates from the prisons of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan (KPK). T-test and logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher level of egocentricity and a higher level of antisocial behaviour predict a greater probability of committing violent offence. These findings provide important implications for future research in Pakistan, specifically concerning psychopathy as a risk factor for criminal and violent behaviour. The present findings will help to inform legal decisions as to whether inmates should be incarcerated as violent criminals or non-violent criminals. The conclusions of the present research are limited to incarcerated adult male offenders only; therefore, the present study remains unable to reflect the development of psychopathy in either females or the general population.
Keywords: Antisocial, Egocentricity, Incarcerated, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Psychopathy
SLCO1B1 Gene Polymorphisms (rs2306283 and rs4149056) and Statin-Induced Myopathy in Jordanian Diabetics
Authors: Shahrure Zaineh M. , Irshaid Yacoub M. , Mustafa Khader N. , Abujbara Mousa A. , Al Shhab Mohammad , El-Khateeb Mohammed S. , Ajlouni Kamel M. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The use of statins to lower high serum cholesterol levels may be associated
with a number of adverse reactions, including severe myopathy. The solute carrier organic anion
transporter 1B1 (SLCO1B1) gene, which encodes the organic anion-transporting polypeptide OATP1B1,
is related to the intracellular transport of statins. The aim of this research was to study the association
of rs2306283 and rs4149056 genetic polymorphism of the SLCO1B1 gene with the development
of statin-induced myopathy in Jordanian diabetics receiving statins.

Methods:
We included 413 patients attending the Diabetes Clinics of the National Center for Diabetes,
Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan. The study was approved by the Institutional
Review Board of NCDEG. Myopathy was defined as the elevation of creatine kinase more than 3
times the upper limit of normal. Every subject signed an informed consent form and donated 3-5
mL of venous blood. Genome DNA was extracted from lymphocytes of peripheral blood. Genotypes
were identified using the Tetra Amplification Refractory Mutation System of SLCO1B1.

Results:
The minor allele frequencies of rs2306283 [G] and rs4149056 [C] were 0.38 and 0.23, respectively.
The two SNPs followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The development of SIM
was significantly associated with the homozygous and heterozygous minor allele genotype of
rs4149056 (CC and CT), and the homozygous wild type allele genotype of rs2306283 (AA). There
was no linkage disequilibrium between the two SNPs in the studied subgroups.

Conclusions:
Genetic polymorphism in the SLCO1B1 Gene is a risk factor for the development of
SIM in Jordanian patients.
A Telemonitoring and Hybrid Virtual Coaching Solution “CAir” for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gross Christoph , Kohlbrenner Dario , Clarenbach Christian F , Ivankay Adam , Brunschwiler Thomas , Nordmann Yves , v Wangenheim Florian 
Published: September 2020

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common disorders in the world. COPD is characterized by airflow obstruction, which is not fully reversible. Patients usually experience breathing-related symptoms with periods of acute worsening and a substantial decrease in the health-related quality-of-life. Active and comprehensive disease management can slow down the progressive course of the disease and improve patients’ disabilities. Technological progress and digitalization of medicine have the potential to make elaborate interventions easily accessible and applicable to a broad spectrum of patients with COPD without increasing the costs of the intervention.

Objective
This study aims to develop a comprehensive telemonitoring and hybrid virtual coaching solution and to investigate its effects on the health-related quality of life of patients with COPD.

Methods
A monocentric, assessor-blind, two-arm (intervention/control) randomized controlled trial will be performed. Participants randomized to the control group will receive usual care and a CAir Desk (custom-built home disease-monitoring device to telemonitor disease-relevant parameters) for 12 weeks, without feedback or scores of the telemonitoring efforts and virtual coaching. Participants randomized to the intervention group will receive a CAir Desk and a hybrid digital coaching intervention for 12 weeks. As a primary outcome, we will measure the delta in the health-related quality of life, which we will assess with the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire, from baseline to week 12 (the end of the intervention).

Results
The development of the CAir Desk and virtual coach has been completed. Recruitment to the trial started in September 2020. We expect to start data collection by December 2020 and expect it to last for approximately 18 months, as we follow a multiwave approach. We expect to complete data collection by mid-2022 and plan the dissemination of the results subsequently.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating a combination of telemonitoring and hybrid virtual coaching in patients with COPD. We will investigate the effectiveness, efficacy, and usability of the proposed intervention and provide evidence to further develop app-based and chatbot-based disease monitoring and interventions in COPD.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04373070; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04373070

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/20412
Desain Water Quality Control pada Otomatisasi Kincir Air dan Penggantian Air Tambak Udang Menggunakan Software Cx-Programmer yang Terintegrasi dengan Programmable Logic Controler (PLC) CPM1A
Authors: Klarawati Rimas Dwi , Pauzi Gurum Ahmad , Surtono Arif 
Published: September 2020

Telah direalisasikan Desain Water Quality Control pada Otomatisasi Kincir Air dan Penggantian Air Tambak Udang menggunakan Software Cx-One yang Terintegrasi dengan Programmable Logic Controler (PLC) CPM1A. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahuisistemotomatisasiwater Quality Controlyang mengoperasikan relay output/aktuator yaitu pompa dan kincir. Sensor input (Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Salinitas, pH dan suhu) dari pembacaan sensor diubah kedalam bentuk relay, sehingga yang diterima PLC berupa nilai 0 dan 1. Kemudian diproses oleh PLC dan menghasilkan keputusan 0 dan 1 pada relay output. PLC akanmenerimasinyal input danmengendalikaninstrumentasi output sertamelaksanakantugassesuaidenganperintah program yang dibuat. Apabila nilai input mencapai referensi yang telah diberikan, maka PLC akan mengeksekusi program mengaktifkan relay output (pompa dan kincir). Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa nilai Salinitas, pH dan suhu dalam keadaan normal sehingga aktuator pompa dalam keadaan OFF. Sedangkan pada nilai sensor input Dissolved Oxygen (DO) dalam keadaan ON ketika nilai Dissolved Oxygen<4 ppm yaitu 3.39 ppm – 3.93 ppm sehingga aktuator kincir bermode ON.
Arduino-Based Controller for Sequence Development of Automated Manufacturing System
Authors: Khaleel Shahad Sarmad , Salloom Maher Yahya , Shammari Ahmed M. 
Published: September 2020

It has become necessary to change from a traditional system to an automated system in production processes, because it has high advantages. The most important of them is improving and increasing production. But there is still a need to improve and develop the work of these systems.
The objective of this work is to study time reduction by combining multiple sequences of operations into one process. To carry out this work, the pneumatic system is designed to decrease\ increase the time of the sequence that performs a pick and place process through optimizing the sequences based on the obstacle dimensions. Three axes are represented using pneumatic cylinders that move according to the sequence used. The system is implemented and controlled to carry an object from one position to another. The movement of the system is controlled using three linear potentiometers, which are connected to an analog input of the microcontroller to feed the value of the pneumatic rod distance. To achieve the best path of the product moving, it is necessary to compare among several sequences. . The results show the sequences that compared with the reference under fixed speed, such as sequence that has been developed by combining two axes, and then the system path time has been reduced in taking the product from one place to another. Therefore, some factories need to reduce the sequences and thus reduce the time to transfer the product.
«Det der er ikke representativt for en barnehagehverdag» – en utforsking av forskeren som konstruktør av «utopiske» undersøkelsessituasjoner
Authors: Ilje-Lien Johanne 
Published: August 2020

I denne artikkelen undersøker forfatteren potensialer og etiske utfordringer knyttet til det å skreddersy optimale undersøkelsessituasjoner i barnehageforskning. Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i en estetikkbasert undersøkelse i tre barnehager, hvor iscenesettelse av rom og materialer var planlagt som estetisk impuls for tre ansatte og et lite utvalg barns formgivende utforsking. Forholdet forsker–deltaker undersøkes med bakgrunn i en av deltakernes uttalte frustrasjon over hvordan rammevilkårene for samspill i undersøkelsessituasjonene sto i kontrast til den barnehagehverdagen han praktiserte i. Ved å tenke med psykolingvisten Julia Kristevas teorier om den Fremmede, det semiotiske og abjeksjon utforsker artikkelforfatteren forholdet mellom deltakernes frustrasjon over de metodiske valgene og forskerens egne reaksjoner på disse. Intensjonen med artikkelen er å drøfte hvilke implikasjoner Kristevas teorier kan ha for hvordan vi forstår de etiske og affektive virkningene av forskeren som endringsagent gjennom pedagogisk forskning.
English abstract
“That doesn’t represent the day-to-day life in preschools” – an exploration of the researcher as a constructor of “utopian” research situations
In this article the author examines the potentials and ethical challenges related to researchers tailoring the ideal research settings for their studies. The article draws on an arts-based study in which the researcher prepared the room and materials as an impulse for three preschool teachers and a small group of children’s aesthetic explorations. The researcher-participant relationship is investigated on the basis of one of the participant’s stated frustrations with how the framework of the study stood in contrast to his everyday practice. Drawing on psycholinguist Julia Kristeva’s theoretical concepts of the Foreigner, the semiotic and the abject, the author investigates the relationship between the participant’s frustration with the methodological choices and the researcher’s reaction to these. The article aims to discuss the implications of Kristeva’s theories for our understanding of the ethical and affective effects of the researcher as an agent of transformation trough pedagogical research.
Strategy of Social Fund Distribution in ACT-MRI Parepare
Authors: Amiruddin Muhammad Majdy , Haq Islamul , Nasir Nur Alviana , Hasana Nur 
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyze the philanthropic fund allocation strategy implemented by the Aksi Cepat Tanggap with the Masyarakat Relawan Indonesia (ACT-MRI) of Parepare. The approach in this research is a qualitative approach with a case study research design. The results showed that philanthropic funds collected by MRI of Parepare City would be distributed into four main programs, intense programs, compensation for the poor of the MSR system (Mobile System Resecue), assistance in the goods to money transformation and Direct Delivery of aid funds to recipients. The distribution adapted diversivication strategy. This research is expected to be a reference to the management and volunteers to improve cooperation with the government and educational institutions. Cooperation with the government is needed so that the intense program and MSR can run more optimally without overlapping interests. Educational institutions can make a contribution in the form of volunteers so that human resources can be guaranteed
Self-reported tooth and implant prognosis evaluation based on radiographic bone loss: a cross sectional study
Authors: Clark-Perry Danielle , Baybrook Jaimie , Catunda Raisa , Levin Liran 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Tooth prognosis evaluation involves continual assessments to guide patient-centered treatment plans. This means that the tooth prognosis may dictate whether a tooth is restored, extracted, or maintained.
Aim of study: The aim of this work was to evaluate current trends in tooth prognosis evaluation based on radiographic bone loss amongst dental practitioners.
Material and Methods: A survey including demographic questions and ten radiographs (vertical bitewings or peri-apical) showing bone loss around teeth and implants were distributed to dental practitioners. Practitioners were asked to determine the prognosis of the tooth or implant and suggest a percentage describing the likelihood of the tooth or implant surviving for ten years.
Results: One of the ten radiographs provided for assessment was given good to fair prognosis by 100% of the participants. Only three out of the ten radiographs presented had strong suggestions for tooth retention. Recommendation for extraction by dental practitioners varied from 1-66% across the radiographs. Furthermore, practitioners predicted a 0% chance of ten-year survival for many of the teeth.
Conclusions: Assessing prognosis based on radiographs only, is insufficient and clinical data provides invaluable information to establishing tooth prognosis. Dental professionals should understand that compromised teeth can outlive dental implants and our role as dental professionals is to prevent and treat oral diseases to preserve the dentition as long as possible.
Nitzschia taikiensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) – a new brackish diatom from the Toberi River marsh in the eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Chiba Takashi , Nishimura Yuichi , Horie Yoshifumi , Tuji Akihiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Nitzschia taikiensis sp. nov. is a brackish diatom species found in the Toberi River marsh, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. This species has characteristics similar to Nitzschia subamphioxoides Hustedt, which was originally described by Hustedt in 1959. In the present study, we conducted a comparative morphological analysis of N. taikiensis and N. subamphioxoides. The obtained results showed that they are different species. Sampling sites of N. taikiensis were located in salt marsh environments with very low salinity (1-5‰), acidic pH (5.2-5.9) and high mud content (95.0-97.5%). Identification of this species was relatively easy based on LM and SEM image analysis of its frustule features, such as the external form and stria density. This species has not been previously reported in Japan, which could be attributed to the reduction or loss of Japanese freshwater and salt marsh environments in the coastal areas, resulting from urban and industrial development.
Estimation of the Adherence of Mortars Using Ultrasound
Authors: Khaldi Nacera , Belachia Mouloud , Benouis Abdelhalim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Mortars are subjected to severe external stresses such as freezing, thawing, and drying during their lifetime. These stresses can lead to a loss of adhesion between the support and the mortar. The strength of the substrates with respect to their ability to receive a coating (mortar) is characterized in particular by the value of minimum tear resistance of the surface to be coated. In this work, the use of a non-destructive method which is both fast and easy to implement is employed to evaluate this support-mortar adhesion. The first method is based on the measurement of the velocities of the surface ultrasonic waves and the second by tearing tests using a specific dynamometer. The determination of the adhesion strength concerned two different supports (concrete beam and masonry block) coated with two types of mortar (a prepared cement mortar and a ready-to-use mortar) with two different thicknesses for each mortar (1 and 2 cm, respectively). The results of the two methods are then correlated for an estimation of the adhesion of the mortars.
Analysis of Root System Architecture Affected by Swarming Behavior
Authors: Li Songyang , Yu Wenqi , Liu Xiaodong , Wang Miao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The root system architecture (RSA) displays complex morphological characteristics because of diverse root growth behaviors. Recent studies have revealed that swarming behavior among roots is particularly important for RSA to adapt to environmental stimuli. However, few models are proposed to simulate RSA based on swarming behavior of roots. To analyze plasticity of RSA affected by swarming behavior, we propose viewing it as a swarm of single roots. A swarming behavior model is proposed by considering repulsion, alignment, and preference of individual single roots. Then, the swarming behavior model is integrated into a simple and generic RSA model (called ArchiSimple). Lastly, characteristics of RSA affected by swarming behavior model and non-swarming behavior model are compared and analyzed under three different virtual soil sets. The characteristics of RSA (such as primary root length, lateral root length, lateral roots, and resource uptake) are significantly promoted by swarming behavior. Root system distributions can also be greatly affected by swarming behavior. These results show that root foraging and exploration in soil can be regarded as collective behavior of individual single root.
Control of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Crop Using Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) Compost Manure
Authors: Abolusoro Stephen A. , Adekiya Aruna Olasekan , Aremu Charity , Ige Sunday , Izuogu Nkechi B. , Abolusoro Patricial F. , Erere Avwerosuo , Obaniyi Samuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Landmark University Omu-Aran, Nigeria from June to November 2017 and repeated at the same time in the year 2018 on a nematode infested soil to evaluate the effects of different amounts of Siam weed compost on the performance of root-knot nematode (RKN) infested tomato. The compost was applied a week before planting as soil amendment at the amount of 0.0, 0.5, 1.5, and 2.0 t·ha−1, while carbofuran was applied at the rate of 3.0 kg·ha−1. Four weeks old tomato seedlings cultivar ‘Roma VF’, which is susceptible to RKN, was transplanted to already prepared soil. Results of the experiment showed that the compost, especially in the amount 2 t·ha−1 and carbofuran at 3 kg·ha−1, brought about significant reduction of the population of RKN in soil and roots, and a significant increase in the growth and yield of tomato. The result of the experiment showed that Siam compost can be used for the managing root-knot nematodes in tomato cultivation, as an environmentally safe factor.