bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threats to Rearing Juvenile Chinook Salmon from Nonnative Smallmouth Bass Inferred from Stable Isotope and Fatty Acid Biomarkers
Authors: Rubenson Erika S. , Lawrence David J. , Olden Julian D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNonnative Smallmouth BassMicropterus dolomieuare increasingly sympatric with juvenile spring Chinook SalmonOncorhynchus tshawytschain the rivers of western North America. Understanding the potential effects of introduced Smallmouth Bass is essential to efficiently direct salmon management efforts, especially given the potential for upstream range expansion of Smallmouth Bass in response to the climate‐induced warming that many rivers may experience. However, the predatory and competitive threats of Smallmouth Bass to juvenile salmonids remain largely unexamined, particularly in salmon rearing areas. To address this knowledge gap, we collected stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and fatty acid data to assess the trophic role of Smallmouth Bass in the upstream reaches of the North Fork John Day River, a tributary of the Columbia River where the upstream invasion extent of Smallmouth Bass co‐occurs with the native predator Northern Pikeminnow and river‐rearing juvenile Chinook Salmon. We found that Smallmouth Bass and Northern Pikeminnow occupy divergent dietary niches, and there was little evidence of a strong predation or competition threat to juvenile Chinook Salmon from either predator. In addition, we found a disproportionate reliance on autochthonous resources across the entire community and low isotopic uniqueness, suggesting potential competition among the broader fish community given the scarcity of resources. Importantly, this study focused on the overlap between the upstream‐most habitats of encroaching Smallmouth Bass and downstream‐most habitats of juvenile Chinook Salmon. Therefore, the relative scarcity of rearing salmon in comparison with other available prey in this zone may limit current predation threats. The results from this study help guide resource‐limited managers that are tasked with conserving and restoring native salmonid populations.
Lung ultrasound and computed tomographic findings in pregnant woman with COVID‐19
Authors: Kalafat E. , Yaprak E. , Cinar G. , Varli B. , Ozisik S. , Uzun C. , Azap A. , Koc A. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTImaging modalities play a crucial role in the management of suspected COVID‐19 patients. Before reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test results are positive, 60–93% of patients have positive chest computed tomographic (CT) findings consistent with COVID‐19. We report a case of positive lung ultrasound findings consistent with COVID‐19 in a woman with an initially negative RT‐PCR result. The lung ultrasound‐imaging findings were present between the negative and subsequent positive RT‐PCR tests and correlated with CT findings. The point‐of‐care lung‐ultrasound examination was easy to perform and, as such, could play an important role in the triage of women with suspected COVID‐19. The neonatal swabs, cord blood and placental swab RT‐PCR tests were negative for SARS‐CoV‐2, a finding consistent with the published literature suggesting no vertical transmission of this virus in pregnant women. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Longitudinal changes in the dental arches and soft tissue profile of untreated subjects with normal occlusion
Authors: Stern Sarah , Finke Hannah , Strosinski Marlon , Mueller-Hagedorn Silvia , McNamara James A , Stahl Franka 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to analyze dental and soft tissue profile development in children with normal occlusions to establish age- and gender-specific reference intervals for German children during their active growth period.

Subjects and methods
The study group consisted of a sample of 31 untreated Caucasian subjects with normal occlusions. Dental casts were analyzed at four different stages of dentitional development. Extraoral profile photographs were available for 19 subjects at stages T2–T4. In these subjects 11 angular measurements and 14 indices were analyzed. Statistical comparisons of gender-specific differences were performed by Mann–Whitney U tests (p ≤ 0.05).

Results
Upper and lower posterior and total arch perimeters were recorded to be significantly larger in male subjects until the late mixed dentition. Subsequently, there was a tendency toward larger dimensions in males for those parameters. Upper and lower intercanine, interpremolar and intermolar widths were significantly larger in males throughout the entire observation period. There were no statistically significant gender differences with regard to most angular measurements in the dental arches, including molar rotation, palatal volume, overbite, overjet and molar relationship at later dental stages.

Conclusion
In untreated subjects with normal occlusion, dental arch and soft tissue parameters can be considered age-dependent. For some dental parameters, gender-specific differences were found that should be taken into consideration during diagnosis and treatment planning of growing children. The obtained longitudinal data of untreated children provide useful information for orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and future research projects.
The value of prebiopsy FDG-PET/CT in discriminating malignant from benign vertebral bone lesions in a predominantly oncologic population
Authors: Loudini Naila , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. , Jutte Paul C. , Yakar Derya , Kwee Thomas C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the value of prebiopsy 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) in discriminating malignant from benign vertebral bone lesions.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study included 53 patients with 55 vertebral bone lesions that underwent FDG-PET/CT before CT-guided biopsy. Pathologic examination of the biopsy sample and a minimum follow-up of 1 year were used as reference standard.

Results
Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of visual FDG-PET analysis (with lesion FDG uptake higher than liver FDG uptake as threshold for malignancy) in discriminating malignant from benign vertebral bone lesions were 91.3% (42/46), 22.2% (2/9), 85.7% (42/49), and 33.3% (2/6), respectively. The semiquantitative FDG-PET metrics SUVmax and SUVpeak achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.630 and 0.671, respectively. Malignant lesions demonstrated bone lysis more frequently than benign lesions (60.9% (28/46) vs. 22.2% (2/9)), and this difference was nearly significant (P = 0.064). All other clinical and conventional imaging characteristics (including patient age, gender, previous diagnosis of malignancy, bone pain, weight loss, any CT abnormality, sclerosis, cortical destruction, bone marrow replacement, associated extraosseous soft tissue mass, and accompanying vertebral height loss, multiple bone lesions on FDG-PET/CT, and suspicious extraosseous lesions on FDG-PET/CT) were not significantly different (P = 0.143 to 1.000).

Conclusion
FDG-PET/CT may steer the diagnosis (particularly thanks to a relatively high PPV and value of semiquantitative measurements), but cannot always classify vertebral bone lesions as malignant or benign with sufficient certainty. In these cases, biopsy and/or follow-up remain necessary to establish a final diagnosis.
Development and validation of a recommended checklist for assessment of surgical videos quality: the LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS (LAP-VEGaS) video assessment tool
Authors: Celentano Valerio , Smart Neil , Cahill Ronan A. , Spinelli Antonino , Giglio Mariano Cesare , McGrath John , Obermair Andreas , Pellino Gianluca , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Lal Pawanindra , Lorenzon Laura , De Angelis Nicola , Boni Luigi , Gupta Sharmila , Griffith John P. , Acheson Austin G. , Cecil Tom D. , Coleman Mark G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere has been a constant increase in the number of published surgical videos with preference for open-access sources, but the proportion of videos undergoing peer-review prior to publication has markedly decreased, raising questions over quality of the educational content presented. The aim of this study was the development and validation of a standard framework for the appraisal of surgical videos submitted for presentation and publication, the LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS (LAP-VEGaS) video assessment tool.MethodsAn international committee identified items for inclusion in the LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool and finalised the marking score utilising Delphi methodology. The tool was finally validated by anonymous evaluation of selected videos by a group of validators not involved in the tool development.Results9 items were included in the LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool, with every item scoring from 0 (item not presented in the video) to 2 (item extensively presented in the video), with a total marking score ranging from 0 to 18. The LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool resulted highly accurate in identifying and selecting videos for acceptance for conference presentation and publication, with high level of internal consistency and generalisability.ConclusionsWe propose that peer review in adherence to the LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool could enhance the overall quality of published video outputs.Graphic Abstract
Die tiefe Hirnstimulation
Authors: Treven Marco , Brücke Christof 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS) ist ein Behandlungsverfahren, bei dem über implantierte Stimulationselektroden im Nervengewebe von tiefer gelegenen Strukturen des Gehirns Stromimpulse abgegeben werden. Über eine Veränderung der Nervenzellaktivität kann damit eine Besserung von Symptomen erzielt werden. Bei weltweit bereits über 160.000 implantierten Aggregaten, in den meisten Fällen zur Behandlung eines M. Parkinson, gibt es mittlerweile gute Evidenz zu den Indikationen, den zu erwartenden klinischen Effekten und den Risiken. Dadurch ergibt sich ein klares Profil von Patienten, die für eine tiefe Hirnstimulation infrage kommen. Auch bei anderen Bewegungsstörungen, wie zum Beispiel Tremor und Dystonien, aber auch bei Patienten mit Epilepsie, kann eine tiefe Hirnstimulation angewendet werden. Bei anderen neurologischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen gibt es Berichte über positive Effekte, wobei das Verfahren je nach Indikation als mehr oder weniger experimentell zu betrachten ist. In dem folgenden Aufsatz soll ein Überblick über das Verfahren, die Wirkmechanismen und die technischen Weiterentwicklungen gegeben werden. Im zweiten Teil werden einzelne Indikationen dar- und beispielhafte Fälle vorgestellt.
Convergent upper bounds in global minimization with nonlinear equality constraints
Authors: Füllner Christian , Kirst Peter , Stein Oliver 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe address the problem of determining convergent upper bounds in continuous non-convex global minimization of box-constrained problems with equality constraints. These upper bounds are important for the termination of spatial branch-and-bound algorithms. Our method is based on the theorem of Miranda which helps to ensure the existence of feasible points in certain boxes. Then, the computation of upper bounds at the objective function over those boxes yields an upper bound for the globally minimal value. A proof of convergence is given under mild assumptions. An extension of our approach to problems including inequality constraints is possible.
Acute success and safety of the second-generation PVAC GOLD phased RF ablation catheter for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Klaver M. N. , Wintgens L. I. S. , Wijffels M. C. E. F. , Balt J. C. , van Dijk V. F. , Alipour A. , Chaldoupi S. M. , Derksen R. , Boersma L. V. A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The second-generation multi-electrode catheter, pulmonary vein ablation catheter (PVAC) GOLD, was designed to improve the delivery of phased radiofrequency energy and reduce procedure times using a ‘single-shot’ approach for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), while retaining efficacy and safety. This large registry presents acute success rates and safety outcomes in a daily practice setting.

Methods
A total of 1017 patients undergoing first-time ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) using PVAC GOLD were included, 644 patients with paroxysmal AF and 373 patients with non-paroxysmal AF, divided into 175 patients receiving PVI only and 198 patients receiving PVI with additional substrate modification.

Results
High and comparable percentages of successful PVI could be achieved in all groups (98%, 95% and 99%; p = 0.108). The median total procedure time for all groups was 90 min [70–100]. As expected, the total procedure, ablation and fluoroscopy time were significantly longer in the PVI + substrate modification group compared with the PVI-only cases (all p < 0.001), but not between the PVI-only groups (p = 0.306, p = 0.088, p = 0.233, respectively). A total of 44 complications were observed in 43 patients (4.2%). Major complications were seen in 19 patients (1.87%) and non-major procedure–related complications were seen in 25 patients (2.46%). Complications leaving permanent sequelae were rare and occurred in only four patients (0.39%). Complications did not differ between groups (p = 0.199, p = 0.438, p = 0.240 and p = 0.465 respectively).

Conclusion
PVAC GOLD performs successful PVI, while reducing procedure times and retaining safety for paroxysmal, persistent and long-standing persistent AF. Safety was unaffected by additional substrate modification.
Attenuation of receiver ghosts in variable-depth streamer high-resolution seismic reflection data
Authors: Provenzano Giuseppe , Henstock Timothy J. , Bull Jonathan M. , Bayrakci Gaye 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReceiver ghosts attenuate marine seismic reflection data at harmonic frequencies that depend on the propagation angle and the streamer depth below the sea surface. The resulting loss of bandwidth is one of the major factors hampering seismic resolution. In near-surface and legacy multi-channel data, receivers depth is often unknown and may vary significantly both along the streamer length and during the survey, making frequency–slowness deghosting techniques unsuitable. In this work, we present a method for the attenuation of receiver ghost reflections in data with an arbitrary streamer depth profile varying during the survey. For each trace, a different deghosting operator is estimated and applied at different two-way-time windows, in order to account for depth-dependent changes in reflection angles. The ghost null frequencies are picked on the time-varying power spectrum via an automatic algorithm, guided by a user-dependent a priori function, and optimised to respect the harmonics’ periodicity. The power of the inverse filter is adjusted by adaptively damping abnormal amplitudes in the deghosted spectra. The algorithm is applied to high-resolution (GI-gun, 20–400 Hz) and ultra-high-resolution (Sparker, 0.2–3.0 kHz) multi-channel datasets, yielding an excellent bandwidth recovery and gain in resolution in the final stacks. Limited computing time and straightforward application make the method widely applicable and cost-effective.
Political Orientation is Associated with Behavior in Public-Goods- and Trust-Games
Authors: Grünhage Thomas , Reuter Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo examine whether political orientation is reflected in actual behavior, we applied classical paradigms of behavioral economics, namely the Public-Goods- (PGG) and the Trust-Game (TG) which constitute measures of cooperativeness, interpersonal trust and reciprocity respectively in a large German sample of N = 454. Participants intending to vote for right-of-center-parties showed significantly lower monetary transfers in both games than those intending to vote for left-of-center-parties. Accordingly, both scores were negatively associated with self-assessed conservatism and support for policies advocated by Germany’s right-of-center-parties, while showing positive correlations with the support of policies left-of-center-parties advocate. Interestingly, both measures also show distinct correlational patterns with Right-Wing-Authoritarianism and Social-Dominance-Orientation. None of these patterns applied to the Lottery-Game measuring unspecific risk-tolerance. We conclude by discussing potential psychological mechanisms mediating the relationships between ideology and actual social behavior as well as differences in experimental design to explain the deviant pattern of (null-) results in former studies relating ideology to behavior in game-theoretic paradigms.
Bi-criteria parallel batch machine scheduling to minimize total weighted tardiness and electricity cost
Authors: Rocholl Jens , Mönch Lars , Fowler John 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA bi-criteria scheduling problem for parallel identical batch processing machines in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities is studied. Only jobs belonging to the same family can be batched together. The performance measures are the total weighted tardiness and the electricity cost where a time-of-use (TOU) tariff is assumed. Unequal ready times of the jobs and non-identical job sizes are considered. A mixed integer linear program (MILP) is formulated. We analyze the special case where all jobs have the same size, all due dates are zero, and the jobs are available at time zero. Properties of Pareto-optimal schedules for this special case are stated. They lead to a more tractable MILP. We design three heuristics based on grouping genetic algorithms that are embedded into a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II framework. Three solution representations are studied that allow for choosing start times of the batches to take into account the energy consumption. We discuss a heuristic that improves a given near-to-optimal Pareto front. Computational experiments are conducted based on randomly generated problem instances. The $$ \varepsilon $$
ε
-constraint method is used for both MILP formulations to determine the true Pareto front. For large-sized problem instances, we apply the genetic algorithms (GAs). Some of the GAs provide high-quality solutions.
Exercise and Peak Bone Mass
Authors: Karlsson Magnus K. , Rosengren Björn E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose of review
The main goal of this narrative review is to assess whether physical activity (PA) influences peak bone mass and fracture risk.

Recent findings
Several randomized controlled trials (RCT) show that short-term PA intervention programs in childhood improve the accrual of bone mineral. There are now also long-term controlled PA intervention studies demonstrating that both boys and girls with daily school PA through puberty gain higher bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) and greater bone size than boys and girls with school PA 1–2 times/week. These benefits seem to be followed by a gradual reduction in expected fracture rates, so that in children with daily school PA, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) after 8 years is less than half that expected by age.

Summary
Daily school PA from before to after puberty is associated with beneficial gains in bone traits and gradually lower relative fracture risk.
The Internet as Cognitive Enhancement
Authors: Voinea Cristina , Vică Constantin , Mihailov Emilian , Savulescu Julian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Internet has been identified in human enhancement scholarship as a powerful cognitive enhancement technology. It offers instant access to almost any type of information, along with the ability to share that information with others. The aim of this paper is to critically assess the enhancement potential of the Internet. We argue that unconditional access to information does not lead to cognitive enhancement. The Internet is not a simple, uniform technology, either in its composition, or in its use. We will look into why the Internet as an informational resource currently fails to enhance cognition. We analyze some of the phenomena that emerge from vast, continual fluxes of information–information overload, misinformation and persuasive design—and show how they could negatively impact users’ cognition. Methods for mitigating these negative impacts are then advanced: individual empowerment, better collaborative systems for sorting and categorizing information, and the use of artificial intelligence assistants that could guide users through the informational space of today’s Internet.
Interfacial Voids Trigger Carbon-Based, All-Inorganic CsPbIBr2 Perovskite Solar Cells with Photovoltage Exceeding 1.33 V
Authors: Zhu Weidong , Zhang Zeyang , Chen Dandan , Chai Wenming , Chen Dazheng , Zhang Jincheng , Zhang Chunfu , Hao Yue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel interface design is proposed for carbon-based, all-inorganic CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by introducing interfacial voids between TiO2 electron transport layer and CsPbIBr2 absorber. Compared with the general interfacial engineering strategies, this design exempts any extra modification layer in final PSC. More importantly, the interfacial voids produced by thermal decomposition of 2-phenylethylammonium iodide trigger three beneficial effects. First, they promote the light scattering in CsPbIBr2 film and thereby boost absorption ability of the resulting CsPbIBr2 PSCs. Second, they suppress recombination of charge carriers and thus reduce dark saturation current density (J0) of the PSCs. Third, interfacial voids enlarge built-in potential (Vbi) of the PSCs, awarding increased driving force for dissociating photo-generated charge carriers. Consequently, the PSC yields the optimized efficiency of 10.20% coupled with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.338 V. The Voc achieved herein represents the best value among CsPbIBr2 PSCs reported earlier. Meanwhile, the non-encapsulated PSCs exhibit an excellent stability against light, thermal, and humidity stresses, since it remains ~ 97% or ~ 94% of its initial efficiency after being heated at 85 °C for 12 h or stored in ambient atmosphere with relative humidity of 30–40% for 60 days, respectively.