bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of chemosensory proteins in host plant searching in the bird cherry‐oat aphid
Authors: Peng Xiong , Liu Lang , Huang Yi‐Xiao , Wang Su‐Ji , Li De‐Xian , Chen Shu‐Ting , Simon Jean‐Christophe , Qu Ming‐Jing , Chen Mao‐Hua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChemosensory systems are considered to play an important role in host plant selection in herbivorous insects. However, few studies have focused on chemosensory proteins (CSPs) for aphid host‐location mechanisms. The roles of CSPs in searching for different Poaceae species (wheat, barley, triticale, maize and sorghum) were tested in Rhopalosiphum padi, an important cereal pest. The olfactometer assays showed that R. padi responds to plant odors. Seven R. padi CSP genes were identified. Influence of aphid morph, tissue and starvation state on expression patterns of CSPs was evaluated. Expression levels of CSP1, CSP4, CSP5 and CSP6 in winged aphids were significantly higher than those in wingless ones. Transcription levels of four genes (CSP1, CSP4, CSP5 and CSP6) were relatively higher in the head with antennae, and the four genes tended to be upregulated following starvation. Silencing of three CSPs (CSP4, CSP5 and CSP6) altered aphid host‐location behavior in response to the five different host plants tested. Three volatile compounds of host plants (octanal, [E]‐2‐hexenol and linalool) have significant attraction to winged R. padi according to the four‐arm olfactometer tests. Molecular docking predicted hydrogen bonding sites which played key roles in the binding of CSP4, CSP5 and CSP6 with volatile compounds. Knockdown of CSP4 or CSP5 significantly decreased the staying time of R. padi in the arms with octanal. However, knockdown of CSP6 could not affect the response of R. padi to octanal. These results bring evidence for the involvement of three CSPs in R. padi host‐location behavior.
Multi‐part tariffs and differentiated commodity taxation
Authors: D'Annunzio Anna , Mardan Mohammed , Russo Antonio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study commodity taxation in markets where firms, such as Internet Service Providers, energy suppliers, and payment card platforms, adopt multi‐part tariffs. We show that ad valorem taxes can correct underprovision and hence increase welfare, provided the government applies differentiated tax rates to the usage and access parts of the tariff. We obtain this result in different settings, including vertically interlinked markets, markets where firms adopt menus of tariffs to screen consumers, and where they compete with multi‐part tariffs. Our results suggest that exempting these markets from taxation may be inefficient.
Role of radiation therapy in node‐negative esophageal cancer: A propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Gao Hui‐Jiang , Wei Yu‐Cheng , Gong Lei , Ge Nan , Han Bin , Shi Guo‐Dong , Yu Zhen‐Tao 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThis study investigated the prognostic impact of (neo‐)adjuvant radiation therapies in early stage esophageal cancer.MethodsA retrospective analysis using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was conducted from 2004 to 2016. Patients with pathologically staged T1‐4N0M0 esophageal cancer were divided into two treatment groups: (i) neoadjuvant radiotherapy followed by surgery; and (ii) upfront esophagectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Propensity scored match and Cox proportional hazards model were used to identify covariates associated with overall survival and cancer‐specific survival.ResultsThere were 821 patients selected, of whom 588 (71.6%) received neoadjuvant radiotherapy and 233 (28.4%) received adjuvant radiotherapy. For the entire cohort, neoadjuvant radiotherapy was associated with a significantly benefit in five‐year survival outcomes compared with adjuvant radiotherapy (P < 0.01). After matching, the survival outcomes were still better for neoadjuvant radiotherapy than that of adjuvant treatment. Stratifying based on pathologic tumor status, neoadjuvant radiation was associated with improved CSS (five‐year survival 73.7% vs. 42.1%; P = 0.014) for localized (pT3‐4N0) disease. The Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that the addition of neoadjuvant radiation for pT3‐4N0 diseases with tumor length ≥ 5 cm and squamous cell carcinoma, was a powerful prognostic factor for improved cancer‐specific survival (P < 0.01).ConclusionsCompared with adjuvant radiotherapy, the addition of neoadjuvant radiation for pT3‐4N0 diseases has been associated with improved cancer‐specific survival in high‐risk patients. Studies on preoperative neoadjuvant therapies would be plausible in high‐risk esophageal cancer patients.
Extracellular adenosine signaling reverses the age‐driven decline in the ability of neutrophils to kill Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Bhalla Manmeet , Simmons Shaunna R. , Abamonte Alexsandra , Herring Sydney E. , Roggensack Sara E. , Bou Ghanem Elsa N. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe elderly are susceptible to serious infections by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), which calls for a better understanding of the pathways driving the decline in host defense in aging. We previously found that extracellular adenosine (EAD) shaped polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) responses, which are crucial for controlling infection. EAD is produced by CD39 and CD73, and signals via A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors. The objective of this study was to explore the age‐driven changes in the EAD pathway and its impact on PMN function. We found in comparison to young mice, PMNs from old mice expressed significantly less CD73, but similar levels of CD39 and adenosine receptors. PMNs from old mice failed to efficiently kill pneumococci ex vivo; however, supplementation with adenosine rescued this defect. Importantly, transfer of PMNs expressing CD73 from young mice reversed the susceptibility of old mice to pneumococcal infection. To identify which adenosine receptor(s) is involved, we used specific agonists and inhibitors. We found that A1 receptor signaling was crucial for PMN function as inhibition or genetic ablation of A1 impaired the ability of PMNs from young mice to kill pneumococci. Importantly, activation of A1 receptors rescued the age‐associated defect in PMN function. In exploring mechanisms, we found that PMNs from old mice failed to efficiently kill engulfed pneumococci and that A1 receptor controlled intracellular killing. In summary, targeting the EAD pathway reverses the age‐driven decline in PMN antimicrobial function, which has serious implications in combating infections.
Clinical practices and outcomes of RhD immunoglobulin prophylaxis following large‐volume fetomaternal haemorrhage in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Tneh Shao Yang , Baidya Shoma , Daly James 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundGuidelines for laboratory assessment of fetomaternal haemorrhage (FMH) was published by the Australian and New Zealand Society of Blood Transfusion (ANZSBT) in 2002. However, data on adherence by practitioners and clinical outcomes are lacking.AimsThe primary objective is to examine the follow‐up testing and dosing of additional RhD immunoglobulin in RhD negative women who experienced large‐volume FMH for whom additional intravenous RhD immunoglobulin was requested in Queensland, Australia. The secondary objectives are to examine the rate and risk factors of RhD alloimmunisation in these women.Materials and MethodsRhD negative women with FMH >6 mL for whom additional dose(s) of intravenous RhD immunoglobulin was requested through Australian Red Cross Lifeblood from February 2007 to February 2018 were identified. For each patient, the volume of FMH, methods and timing of FMH quantitation, dose of RhD immunoglobulin, maternal and cord blood groups were analysed against the corresponding antibody screen and identification.ResultsFollowing FMH >6 mL, only 15% and 11.5% of cases adhered to current ANZSBT guideline on follow‐up testing and supplemental RhD immunoglobulin dosing respectively. Despite the provision of single supplemental RhD immunoglobulin at a ratio of 100 IU to 1 mL fetal red cells, the rate of RhD alloimmunisation in RhD negative women with RhD positive fetus or fetus of unknown RhD status following FMH >6 mL is at least 4%.ConclusionsPoor compliance with guidelines for follow‐up and management of large‐volume FMH may contribute to increased risk of RhD alloimmunisation. Further analysis of data is warranted.
Laparoscopic repair of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia with colon incarceration: A case report
Authors: Nishikawa Saki , Miguchi Masashi , Nakahara Hideki , Urushihara Takashi , Egi Hiroyuki , Shorin Daiki , Fukuda Hideki , Itamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTraumatic diaphragmatic hernia is a serious complication of blunt trauma to the abdomen or thorax. Although traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is treated with surgical repair, a laparoscopic approach is infrequently employed. Here we present the case of a 66‐year‐old man with a bruise on the left side of his back. CT revealed a left pneumothorax and left rib fractures. He was urgently hospitalized and relieved with conservative treatment. However, on day 4 of hospitalization, an incarcerated diaphragmatic hernia containing the transverse colon was observed on CT. The herniated viscera of the abdominal cavity were reduced laparoscopically, and the hernial orifice was repaired with direct closure. One‐lung ventilation was used to limit the movement of the affected diaphragm, enabling effective laparoscopic suturing. The patient had an uneventful recovery period and was discharged 8 days postoperatively. The absence of diaphragmatic herniation recurrence was confirmed 6 months after surgery.
Laparoscopic surgery for sigmoid colon cancer with complicated communication between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
Authors: Kobayashi Ryutaro , Ogura Atsushi , Kawai Satoru , Takagi Kenji , Kawai Kiyotaka , Maeda Takashi , Sando Masanori , Yogo Konosuke , Nagano Natsuki , Kamiya Satoaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo perform complete mesocolic excision with central vessel ligation, it is important to recognize the vessel anomaly and the location of the tumor. For left‐sided colon cancer, the variations in the course of the left colic artery and accessary middle colic artery must be recognized preoperatively. Here, we describe our experience with a 57‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with sigmoid colon cancer with complicated inter‐mesenteric connections between the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), possibly due to median arcuate ligament syndrome. We performed laparoscopic sigmoidectomy with low ligation of the IMA to preserve the extremely enlarged left colic artery. The total operative time was 155 minutes, and the estimated total blood loss was 10 mL. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 9 without any postoperative complications. For patients with vascular anomalies in the left‐sided mesocolon, preoperatively ruling out SMA stenosis by using angiography and 3‐D CT might be important.
Total endoscopic thyroidectomy after open neck biopsy of the follicular lymphoma of the thyroid gland
Authors: Nakao Atsushi , Saito Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Takami Hiroshi , Hoshino Go , Miyata Ryohei , Tomita Masato , Sato Michio , Ishikura Naoyo , Mitsuya Toshiyuki , Ando Nobutoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRemote‐access total endoscopic thyroidectomy (TET) is a recently established approach that can avoid producing scars in the neck. There are no clear surgical indications for TET for benign nodules or for malignant tumors at present. We report a successful TET in a 50‐year‐old Japanese woman with follicular lymphoma of the thyroid gland after an open neck biopsy. She had been referred to us with a neck tumor noted 2 months earlier. Because of adhesion, we performed a combined resection of the thyroid and partial right sternohyoid muscle. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other report of a TET performed after open neck surgery. Our patient's case demonstrates that (a) the cosmetic outcome of TET is clearly superior to that of conventional open neck surgery, and (b) a TET can be suitable even for reoperation if carefully selected.
Effect of animal age, postmortem chilling rate, and aging time on meat quality attributes of water buffalo and humped cattle bulls
Authors: Ijaz Muawuz , Jaspal Muhammad H. , Hayat Zafar , Yar Muhammad K. , Badar Iftikhar H. , Ullah Sana , Hussain Zubair , Ali Sher , Farid Muhammad U. , Farooq Muhammad Z. , Sardar Aneeqa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study was aimed to investigate the influence of animal age, post‐slaughter chilling rate, and aging time on meat quality of M. longissimus dorsi (LD) of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and humped cattle (Bos taurus indicus) bulls. After slaughtering, one side of carcasses was subjected to rapid chilling (RC) (0 ± 2°C) and other side was hanged in controlled room temperature (25 ± 2°C) for 3 hr, then allowed to the chiller (0 ± 2°C). The meat quality traits were analyzed at 1, 7, and 14 days of storage. It was noted that rapidly chilled carcasses from the younger animals of both species missed the ideal pH/temperature window, which affects the toughness of the meat. Buffalo meat presented higher shear force, color L* values, and lower b* value as compared to the cattle meat. Moreover, meat shear force values decreased while all color coordinates and cooking loss values increased with lengthening the storage time in both age groups of cattle and buffalo. In conclusion, the tenderness of cattle meat was superior to that of buffalo and RC adversely affect the shear force values of young cattle and both age groups of buffalo bulls.
Comparing incidences of infusion site reactions between brand‐name and generic vinorelbine in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ozawa Naoya , Hase Tetsunari , Hatta Takahiro , Sagara Atsunobu , Ichikawa Kazuya , Miyazaki Masayuki , Yogo Naoyuki , Ando Masahiko , Hashimoto Naozumi , Yamada Kiyofumi , Hasegawa Yoshinori 
Published: August 2020

AimThis study aimed to compare the incidence of infusion site reactions (ISRs) induced by intravenous administration of brand‐name and generic vinorelbine (VNR) for treating non‐small cell lung cancer.MethodThis single‐centre retrospective cohort study was conducted by medical chart review of VNR infusions. ISRs were defined as symptoms around the infusion site, including pain, redness and swelling. ISRs requiring treatment were defined as ISRs requiring treatments including steroid ointments, vein repuncture and local steroid injections.ResultsIn all, 1973 VNR infusions were administered to 340 patients (brand‐name 141 patients, generic 199 patients). ISRs and ISRs requiring treatment were observed in 161 and 100 patients, respectively. The ISR incidence per patient and per injection was significantly higher in generic VNR‐treated patients than in brand‐name VNR‐treated patients (53.3% vs 39.0%, P = 0.0112 and 15.0% vs 9.9%, P = 0.0008, respectively). The frequency of ISRs requiring treatment was also significantly higher in the generic group (per patient 36.7% vs 19.2%, P = 0.0005; per injection 11.3% vs 5.5%, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that generic VNR was significantly associated with an increased risk of ISRs (per patient adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.775, P = 0.0155; per injection AOR 1.672, P = 0.004) and ISRs requiring treatment (per patient AOR 2.422, P = 0.0012; per injection AOR 2.286, P = 0.001).ConclusionIntravenous infusion of generic VNR was associated with an increased risk of ISRs. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the increased incidence of ISRs with generic VNR.
A more‐than‐human approach to bioethics: The example of digital health
Authors: Lupton Deborah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDigital health technologies are often advocated as a way of helping people monitor, promote and manage their health, care for others and reduce the burden on healthcare systems. Yet these technologies have also been subject to criticism for limiting human flourishing and exacerbating socioeconomic disadvantage. Bioethical appraisals of digital health technologies tend to take a conventional risk‐benefit approach, positioning the human subject as a rational, autonomous agent who is acted on by technologies. In this paper, I present a case for adopting an alternative more‐than‐human perspective on bioethics. A more‐than‐human approach considers human‐technological assemblages and agencies as distributed, relational, situated and emergent. To illustrate the insights that this perspective can offer, I draw on the findings of four empirical projects I have conducted on people’s use of digital devices and platforms used for health‐related purposes, including social media groups and online forums, mobile apps and wearable devices. I conclude with the argument that a more‐than‐human approach to bioethics can begin to incorporate a new ‘zoë ethics’ that can acknowledge and address the deeper affective, multisensory and relational dimensions of humans’ encounters with and enactments of material things and nonhuman creatures.
Multimodal neuroimaging data integration and pathway analysis
Authors: Zhao Yi , Li Lexin , Caffo Brian S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith advancements in technology, the collection of multiple types of measurements on a common set of subjects is becoming routine in science. Some notable examples include multimodal neuroimaging studies for the simultaneous investigation of brain structure and function and multi‐omics studies for combining genetic and genomic information. Integrative analysis of multimodal data allows scientists to interrogate new mechanistic questions. However, the data collection and generation of integrative hypotheses is outpacing available methodology for joint analysis of multimodal measurements. In this article, we study high‐dimensional multimodal data integration in the context of mediation analysis. We aim to understand the roles that different data modalities play as possible mediators in the pathway between an exposure variable and an outcome. We propose a mediation model framework with two data types serving as separate sets of mediators and develop a penalized optimization approach for parameter estimation. We study both the theoretical properties of the estimator through an asymptotic analysis and its finite‐sample performance through simulations. We illustrate our method with a multimodal brain pathway analysis having both structural and functional connectivity as mediators in the association between sex and language processing.
Direct‐acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus‐mixed cryoglobulinaemia: dissociated virological and haematological responses
Authors: Pozzato Gabriele , Mazzaro Cesare , Artemova Marina , Abdurakhmanov Dzhamal , Grassi Gabriele , Crosato Ivo , Mauro Endri , Ghersetti Michela , Zorat Francesca , Bomben Riccardo , Bulian Pietro , Gattei Valter 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe hepatitis C virus‐positive (HCV+) mixed cryoglobulinaemia (MC) is associated with haematological alterations such as monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis or non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). Antiviral therapy for MC, based on interferon and ribavirin, has been shown to be able to eliminate the viral replication as well as the B‐cell monoclonal alterations. Many studies have reported the efficacy of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) in the treatment of HCV+ MC. However, some authors noticed the persistence of haematological diseases despite HCV eradication. To verify the effects of DAAs on B‐cell proliferation, we evaluated 67 patients with HCV+ MC. Six patients had an overt NHL and 30% had monoclonal B‐lymphocytosis. In 20% of the patients, the mutation L265P of the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) gene was detected in peripheral blood. All patients had negative HCV viraemia at week 12; one had a breakthrough, while two cases relapsed. A complete clinical response of vasculitis was seen in 60% of the patients. Among the six patients with NHL, one showed a complete response, whereas in the others there were no changes in the number and size of the nodes. Among the patients carrying a clonal population in peripheral blood, only 22% became negative. These data indicate that DAAs are not able to eliminate the clonal alterations induced by HCV in a large proportion of cases.
Swedish parents' experiences of their role in treatment for children with congenital limb reduction deficiency: Decision‐making and treatment support
Authors: Sjöberg Lis , Hermansson Liselotte , Lindner Helen , Fredriksson Carin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundParents of children with congenital limb reduction deficiency have an essential role in making treatment decisions during their child's first years of life. Treatment options usually concern surgical and/or prosthetic treatment. To tailor treatment options to fit different family values and priorities, the family‐centred approach indicates the importance of understanding the parental role in partnership with health care professionals. The aim of this study was to describe parents' experiences of their role in decision‐making and treatment for children with congenital limb reduction deficiency.MethodsA descriptive design with a qualitative approach was used. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 17 parents (12 mothers and 5 fathers) of children with upper and/or lower limb deficiency (mean age 5.9 years). The interview data were analysed using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach.ResultsTwo major themes emerged from the data. The first theme, being a decision maker for someone else, was described as an ambivalent parental role, including collaboration within the family and with health care professionals. The second theme, becoming and being a treatment supporter in the child's everyday life, was made up of four categories: being a supporter of the child in everyday activities, mentoring the child to handle encounters with others, becoming a coordinator of information and being an ‘extended arm’ of the health care provision for the child.ConclusionsThis study enhances our understanding of the parental role in decision‐making and treatment for children with congenital limb reduction deficiency. The results may contribute to the continued development of the family‐centred service approach by providing guidelines for treatment programmes, with the goal of improving decision support and broadening the support for parents during treatment for these children.