bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing the Unheard: Promoting Active and Healthy Aging With Family Leisure
Authors: Rogers-Jarrell Tia , Meisner Brad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Grandparents are playing an increasing role in the lives of their grandchildren. Participating in this role enriches grandparent’s well-being through feelings of enjoyment and satisfaction. Research also indicates participating in family leisure positively improves family communication, creates higher quality relationships, and enhances family cohesiveness and connectedness. However, the grandparent perspective, and their inclusion in family leisure, is often overlooked, rendering their voices invisible. Given the growing aging population, and the role grandparents play, their involvement in, and experience with, family leisure is becoming increasingly relevant. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to critically review and explore the available literature on grandparents (ages 65+) experiences with family leisure. This paper critically reflected on benefits of family leisure participation according to the World Health Organizations active aging and healthy aging ideologies. Participation in family leisure provides grandparents with opportunities for social participation, remaining active and engaged through generativity and contribution to family, as well as building, maintaining and enhancing relationships. More research that is inclusive of grandparent’s perspective of, and experience with, family leisure is needed. By taking a socioecological approach to understanding the experiences of grandparents’ participation in family leisure, clear suggestions can be made on how to support grandparent’s involvement in family leisure at the interpersonal, organizational, institutional, community, and policy levels. In particular, future actions and initiatives should simultaneously support family leisure across and within these domains. Promoting family leisure is one way to support active and healthy aging not only among older adults, but among all individuals.
Key Components of Interventions for Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chan Athena Chung Yin , Piehler Timothy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Increasingly grandparents provide primary or supplementary care for their grandchildren globally. In view of the challenges faced by grandparent caregivers, a number of intervention programs were designed to act as a buffer to the potential negative impacts on their well-beings. A recent meta-analysis (Chan et al., 2019) shows that interventions for grandparent caregivers have small to moderate effect sizes for increases in social support and parenting skills. However, little is known how the multi-component interventions work. The aim of this review is to categorize the key components of intervention programs and determine the direct effect of components on grandparent caregivers’ outcomes (i.e., physical, mental health and well-being). A component-level approach is adopted to disentangle the ‘active ingredients’ of the interventions. Peer-reviewed articles were searched via five electronic database (published before January 2020). A keyword search was performed based on combinations of two groups of terms: (1) grandparent caregivers and (2) intervention, training, and support group. Studies adopting an experimental or pre/post design and reporting quantitative changes in grandparents’ outcomes were included. Studies focusing on the special needs of grandchildren were excluded. Fourteen interventions were identified from over 20 included studies. Preliminary analyses show that different physical and mental outcomes of grandparent caregivers were predicted from key components of education, skills training, relaxation and psychosocial support. With the goal of developing evidence-based interventions for grandparents raising grandchildren, this synthesis offers insight into the mechanisms of an intervention, which informs its generalizability or applicability to a new context.
Cycle of Disadvantages: An Exploration of Young and Older Female Dementia Caregivers’ Experiences
Authors: Mahmoud Kafayat , Nwakasi Candidus 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Families play an essential role in providing care for older persons in Nigeria, a responsibility that is culturally assigned to women. Caregiving is made even more difficult given the increasing rates of older persons with dementia and the limited capacity of caregivers to provide adequate care. We explored the experiences of two female dementia caregivers and how they cope with other competing responsibilities. The research method employed a case study approach, which followed the lived experiences of two Nigerian women – a 75-year-old woman (Ada) who cares for her husband, and a 35-year old woman (Chika) who cared for her father. The research adopted the life course concept of ‘linked lives’ and the Family Stress Process model to explore and identify the continued embeddedness of persons within their family networks and relationships, which may have deleterious effects on the wellbeing of caregivers. This study revealed that married women providing care to older parents are exposed to domestic violence from their spouses who deem them uncommitted to their (husbands’) families. These women continue to remain in such abusive relationships due to financial dependence and unwillingness to leave their children. Older women caregivers, on the other hand, over time, begin to develop physical limitations, which limit their ability to provide care for their spouses and subsequently must depend on unemployed children who live close by. This study highlights the complicated cycle of exposure to socio-economic and health disadvantages which women experience as caregivers across two generations.
Millennials as Caregivers: Results From the BRFSS, 44 States, DC, and Puerto Rico, 2015-2018
Authors: Reed Nia , Bouldin Erin , Taylor Christopher , McGuire Lisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Millennials (born 1981-1996), now outnumber Baby Boomers. Millennials have the unique task of potentially providing care for their own children, their aging parents, and grandparents, making them the first “club sandwich” generation. We utilized data from 44 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico from the 2015-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to estimate the prevalence of informal caregiving among Millennials (based on age at the time of survey completion: 18-34 in 2015, 19-35 in 2016, 20-36 in 2017, and 21-37 in 2018). We conducted log-binomial regression analyses to compare mental and physical health among Millennials, adjusting for age, sex, education, and race/ethnicity. Among 37,780 Millennials included, 18.7% provided regular care/assistance to a friend/family member with a health problem, long-term illness, or disability in the past month. Of these caregivers, 36.3% provided the most care to a parent/parent-in-law and 21.8% to a grandparent. Half of Millennials had ≥1 children under age 18 in their home, regardless of caregiving status. In adjusted models, Millennial caregivers had higher prevalence of frequent mental distress [≥14 days in the past 30 days when mental health was not good] (prevalence ratio [PR]=1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50-2.00, p&lt;0.001), higher prevalence of fair/poor health (PR=1.42, 95%CI: 1.20-1.68, p&lt;0.001), and higher prevalence of ≥1 chronic health conditions [current asthma, arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or COPD] (PR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.51-1.90, p&lt;0.001) than non-caregivers. Nearly one in five Millennials was providing informal care, and Millennial caregivers reported significantly worse mental and physical health than their non-caregiving peers.
Psychological Well-Being and Positive Aspects of Caregiving: What’s the Relationship?
Authors: Malley Kelly O , Qualls Sara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many family caregivers derive meaning and purpose from caring for a loved one. Research on the mechanisms underlying positive aspects of caregiving have explored appraisal, reciprocity, resilience, gratitude, mastery, and appreciation. This study aimed to explore how individual personality factors, using the framework of psychological well-being (i.e., autonomy, positive relationships, purpose, personal growth, self-acceptance, and environmental mastery) proposed by Ryff (1989), may influence positive aspects of caregiving. N = 452 family caregivers completed informed consent, provided demographic information, and completed study measures using an online research platform. Multiple regression equations were calculated to assess which aspects of psychological well-being predicted two positive aspects of caregiving: competence and personal gain. The model explained 22% of the variance in caregiving competence, F(6, 445) = 21.01, p &lt; .001. Autonomy (β = .26, p &lt; .001) and self-acceptance (β = .18, p = .02) contributed most significantly to feelings of competence. The model explained 14% of the variance in personal gain, F(6, 445) = 12.11, p &lt; .001. Self-acceptance (β = .19, p = .02), personal growth (β = .18, p = .01) and autonomy (β = .13; p = .03) contributed most significantly feelings of personal gain. Psychological well-being, specifically feelings of autonomy and self-acceptance, are modest predictors of feelings of competence and gain, and psychological well-being appears to have an effect on positive aspects of caregiving. Interventions for family caregivers should consider ways of building autonomy, self-acceptance, and growth to increase feelings of competence and gain.
Unraveling the Health-Protective Effects of Sense of Coherence in Dementia Caregiving
Authors: Yu Doris 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The health protective effects of sense of coherence in a stressful encounter is well recognized. Representing the extent an individual can comprehend, manage and make meaning out of a caregiving situation, little is known about how SOC shapes the dementia caregiving process in a way to benefit the carers’ health outcomes. This exploratory study recruited 401 family cares of dementia in Hong Kong. Over 30% of them reported moderate to severe depression, and those with low sense of coherence were most affected. Further analysis indicated that the health protective effects of SOC was mainly mediated through a higher level of perceived gain and more effective coping. In particular, those who can make meaning out of the caregiving situation were most benefited by such a mechanism. The study provides direction on ways to strengthen the health risk identification for family carers and enhance their role adaptation. After this presentation, the participants are able to: 1) Understand the role of sense of coherence in shaping the health of dementia family caregivers. 2) Understand the mediating pathways which explain the health benefit of sense of coherence for dementia family caregivers. □ Gain critical insights for developing health risk identification strategies and tailored interventions to protect the dementia family caregivers from depression.
The Influence of Dementia Caregiving Styles on Caregiver Distress and the Person With Dementia’s Quality of Life
Authors: Leggett Amanda , Connell Cathleen , Gitlin Laura , Kales Helen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Building vertically upon the Stress Process Model, dementia caregivers’ cognitive-behavioral management styles are an understudied area with implications for dyadic care outcomes and tailoring of care interventions. We consider whether membership in five previously classified caregiving styles (Externalizers, Individualists, Learners, Adapters, Nurturers- which vary in their adaptability, dementia understanding, and behavioral management practices) impacts caregivers’ experiences of care-related stress and the quality of life of the person with dementia (PWD). Participants included 100 primary family caregivers for PWDs who were 74% female, 18% non-White, and on average 64 years old. Utilizing linear regressions, each caregiving style was considered as a key predictor (reference: Externalizers- poor understanding, non-adaptable approach, and punitive behavioral strategies) of the Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset (CAFU) upset score, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-C) distress scale, Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and PWD quality of life (QOL-AD) scale controlling for demographics, care duration, co-residency, and dementia severity. Relative to Externalizers, Nurturers (understanding, adaptability, positive engagements) had less CAFU upset (β=-0.4, p&lt;.01), less NPI-C distress (β=-0.3, p&lt;.05), and greater QOL-AD for the PWD (β=0.4, p&lt;.01). Learners (recognize need to change care approach, attempting adaptability, trial-and-error behavioral care) also showed significantly lower NPI-C distress than Externalizers (β=-0.5, p&lt;.01). Thus caregiving styles with more dementia understanding, adaptability and positive behavioral strategies showed less distress and better PWD QOL. Corresponding with recent dementia care summits calling for identification of caregivers at greatest risk for poor outcomes, targeting and tailoring interventions based on caregiving styles may lead to great public health impact.
5-Cog Study: Cross-Cultural Comparison of Subjective Cognitive Complaints in a Diverse Primary Care Population
Authors: Ayers Emmeline , Weiss Erica F , Verghese Joe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) are risk factors for cognitive decline in older adults. A link between SCC and depressive symptoms has also been reported. These associations have not been much studied in non-White populations. We examined the relationship of SCC with cognitive function and depressive symptoms in adults aged 65 and older attending a primary care clinic in the Bronx. Five common SCC questions (four memory-related and one non-memory-related) were identified by literature review. Linear regressions, adjusted for age, sex and education years, were used to examine associations between individual SCC and cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) recall score) and depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score) for Hispanic (n=53) and non-Hispanic Black (n=47) adults. Mean number of SCC was similar for Blacks and Hispanics (2.3 vs. 2.4, p=0.752). Hispanics performed worse on the MoCA than Blacks (16.4 vs. 18.5, p=0.012), but education explained this difference. GDS and HVLT were similar across groups. For Hispanics only, a response of fair or poor to the question “how is your memory for a person your age?” was associated with worse MoCA scores (β -2.6; p=0.008). SCC were not associated with HVLT scores for either group. Four SCC for Blacks and two for Hispanics were associated with worse GDS scores. In an urban clinic population, SCC for Blacks and Hispanics were associated more with depressive symptoms than cognition. Further research is needed to identify SCC that better correlate with cognitive function in diverse populations.
Clinical Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Depressed Cognition in Caregiving Grandmothers
Authors: Burant Christopher , Jeanblanc Alexandra , Musil Carol , Wallace McKenzie , Jaclene Zauszniewski 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Grandmothers living with or raising grandchildren have elevated levels of depressive symptoms compared to grandmothers who do not provide care. While the CES-D measures the somatic, positive and negative affect, and interpersonal strain symptoms experienced with depression, the Depressive Cognitions Scale captures the change in cognitive thinking that often precedes clinical depression. Our aim was to compare depressive symptoms and depressed cognitions between grandmother caregivers with a diagnosis of depression and those without in a nationwide sample of 342 grandmother caregivers. In the questionnaire, participants were asked whether they had a diagnosis of depression amongst other health conditions and also completed the CES-D and the Depressed Cognitions Scale. A score of 16 or greater on the CESD or a score above 7 on the Depressed Cognitions Scale can be used to identify individuals who may be at risk for depression. Grandmothers who had a diagnosis of depression were more likely to have CES-D scores 16 and above (79.7 %) as compared to those who were not (39.2%) (Chi Square=54.55, p&lt;.001); and more likely to have higher depressed cognition scores 7 and above (71.3 %) as compared to those who did not (42.9%) (Chi Square=26.68, p&lt;.001). Additionally, grandmothers who had depressed cognitions were more likely to have CES-D scores 16 and above (74.1 %) as compared to those who were not (33.1%) (Chi Square=57.56, p&lt;.001). The elevated scores in participants who already have a diagnosis of depression indicates the need for potential interventions to further address depressive symptoms in grandmother caregivers.
Innovative Strategies to Reach Diverse Elders: Using Age-Tastic to Improve Health and Well-Being
Authors: Berman Jacquelin , Pardasani Manoj , Gates Madison , Powell Mebane 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This session will present the findings of a randomized control trial evaluating the impact Age-Tastic has on behavioral change. Age-Tastic is an eight-week intervention that uses game play, group facilitated discussion, and at home activities to promote positive behavioral change. There are five behavioral change domains: emotional well-being, nutrition, financial exploitation, falls prevention, and health literacy. A randomized control trial was conducted in New York City senior centers and include a diverse group of older adults. There were 98 older adults assigned to an experimental or control group. Participants in both groups completed a baseline survey, which was repeated at the end of the intervention and at week sixteen. The experimental (n = 64) and control (n = 34) groups did not significantly differ at baseline in regard to behaviors; however, upon completion of the intervention, the experimental group had significantly changed health behaviors (p &lt; .05) compared to the control group. The behavior change reported by the experimental group was maintained at week sixteen (p &lt; .001) with a medium effect size (ε2 = .17). In addition the experimental group also reported significant improvements at weeks eight (p &lt; .001) and sixteen (p &lt; .001) with large effect sizes (r2 = .62 and .52, respectively). This study found that Age-Tastic is an effective intervention for engaging older adults holistically about their health and wellness and for promoting positive behavioral change among diverse racial and ethnic populations.
Older Adult Refugees’ Roles in Creating Partnerships for Culturally Responsive Healthcare
Authors: Lewis Denise , Seponski Desiree , Kelley Amber 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this presentation is to reveal the importance of engaging older refugee community members in creating partnerships with local healthcare providers to implement culturally responsive interventions. Such engagement invites older refugees’ participation and encourages continued connection to country of origin beliefs and culture, particularly within the sphere of healthcare and medical family therapy. Cambodian and Laotian refugee families in coastal Alabama were interviewed via qualitative community-based participatory research and ethnographic, in-depth interviews focused on familial and communal processes. Local healthcare providers engaged in focus group discussions regarding cultural processes associated with health beliefs and behaviors and in periodic outreach through culturally responsive health fairs. We found that older adults play important roles in refugee populations as community leaders, problem-solvers, and legacy-carriers upholding traditional values and cultural continuity. They also maintain and promote continuity by employing traditional, complementary, or alternative medicine (TCAM). Recursive processes also emerged as older individuals sought care from younger community members in times of sickness, including having younger generations provide language translation and transportation to local healthcare centers and hospitals and in navigating the United States healthcare system. In addition, community members joined with local healthcare providers to aide in health and healthcare literacy among refugees and to educate local physicians on culturally responsive interventions. Implications include the inclusion of older adults in health decisions and the promotion and maintenance of community partnerships with health agencies that both encourage TCAM utilization and also allow for access to ongoing, appropriate treatment within the US healthcare system.
Hum Along With the Silent Disco Headphones: Lessons Learned in Implementing the Headphone Program in a Hospital Unit
Authors: Hung Lillian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Silent disco headphones have been used among young people in concerts and parties; such headphones have extended distance coverage for broadcasting from a transmitter, features of noise cancelation, and three channels of music. Rather than using a speaker system, music is delivered by wireless headphones and facilitated by a DJ via a built-in microphone. No study has yet tested whether it is feasible to use such headphones to support well-being among older people in hospital settings. This study examined the feasibility of using silent disco headphones with older adults with dementia staying in a geriatric hospital unit. We employed a video-ethnographic design, including conversational interviews and observations, with video recording among ten patient participants in a hospital unit. Two focus groups were conducted with ten hospital staff across disciplines. Thematic analysis yielded three themes: (a) “it just made me feel happy, “(b) “it brings him back alive,” (c) “it unlocks dementia”. Delivering music and meditation programs via the silent disco headphones in the hospital unit has the potential to be a beneficial intervention that can enhance mood and energy, support self-expression, and promote wellness. Our findings suggested that witnessing the positive effects of headphones on patients changed the staff’s view of how music could be used in the clinical setting to support patients’ well-being. We identified enablers and barriers to implementing the headphone program in the hospital setting. Future research should further investigate how headphones may help to reduce stress and promote wellness for patients in the clinical environment.