bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF THYROID DISORDERS IN SUDANESE PATIENTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME
Authors: FatahAlrahman Ayman , Babiker A. , Khalid Mosab .O. , Allzain Haghamad Allzain 
Published: December 2020

Down syndrome is the most common life compatible chromosomal disorder responsible for the majority of mental retardation and deaths in infancy and childhood. The current study intended to evaluate the thyroid disorders in Sudanese patients with Down syndrome by assessment of thyroid function tests (T3, T4 & TSH) . It was descriptive case control study, carried out in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, from March to July 2018. It included fifty (50) participants, thirty (30) of them as case group with Down syndrome and twenty (20) normal healthy subjects as control group. Their ages ranged from seven (7) to twenty eight (28) years.
The study findings showed significant variation in TSH level with mean (2.66 ), (1.67 ) in case and control group respectively with P. value (0.001). There was also significant variation when compared children and adults mean TSH level (1.88 ),(2.59 ) with P. value of (0.03). There was insignificant differences in T3 level with mean SD(1.04 .32),(1.11 ) between case and control group respectively with P. value of (0.08) . There was also insignificant difference in T4 level with mean (6.09 ),(6.40 ) in case and control group respectively with P. value of (0.7). There were also insignificant differences in T4 and T3 levels between the age groups. As regard to the gender of the patients, there were insignificant differences of TSH, T4, and T3
O uso do facebook nas aulas de química:
Authors: Nova João Batista Soares Vila , Andrade Alexandra Nascimento de , Morhy Priscila Eduarda Dessimoni , Gonçalves Carolina Brandão 
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo, investigar as contribuições do uso do Facebook mediante uma intervenção pedagógica nas aulas de Química, com alunos da 2ª série do Ensino Médio, de uma escola Estadual da Zona Norte da cidade de Manaus - AM. A pesquisa fez uso da Fanpage, criando-a para os alunos discutirem, postarem e tirarem dúvidas sobre os conteúdos de Química, visto que a partir dos registros, constatou-se algumas das dificuldades encontradas pelos alunos em entender os conteúdos deste componente curricular eram devido às aulas monótonas, o que justificava a falta de estímulo e interesse deles. Após a intervenção pedagógica, com o uso do Facebook nas aulas apurou-se, por meio das falas dos alunos, que a aprendizagem dos conteúdos foi satisfatória, uma vez que auxiliou o professor, e a eles próprios, que puderam tirar dúvidas e interagir nos fóruns, enviando vídeos e perguntas sobre os conteúdos estudados, contribuindo para o maior envolvimento de todos. Evidenciou-se que o uso das redes sociais, no caso o Faceboock, pode ser utilizado para analisar e resolver questões e exercícios de conteúdo programático, solucionando as dúvidas de maneira mais rápida, havendo a troca de conhecimento e informação. Destaca-se nesta pesquisa a importância na relação entre aluno e professor, e a necessidade de estimular a livre expressão dos discentes e o uso dos aplicativos e softwares para o seu processo educativo, em todas as disciplinas.
Comparison of Morphological Characters of Freshwater Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) from Different Ecosystems in Indonesia
Authors: Widigdo Bambang , Hakim Agus Alim , Mashar Ali , Sari Iya Purnama , Wardiatno Yusli 
Published: December 2020

Freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) as an invasive species has high capability to adapt in most waters in Indonesia. The extant distribution of this species in Indonesia causes observation of morphological charactersÃÂ is important to be established. This study purpose is to compare the morphological characters of Cherax quadricarinatus from several locations in Indonesia waters, such as the river in Bintan Island, Toba Lake, and Lido Lake. The total of morphological characters was measured in twenty-two characters. The result of the Kruskal-Wallis test represented nine different characters between Toba, Bintan, and Lido. Cluster analysis illustrated the highest level of similarities between Toba and Lido. The growth rate of the dactyls, and carapace width, and ocular carapace length between Toba and Lido were similar, meanwhile between Toba and Bintan were different. C. quadricarinatus originating from river waters in Bintan Island has a different morphological character from Lake Lido and Lake Toba. The differences in morphological characters between locations are caused by differences in habitat characteristics in rivers and lakes.
POLITIK HUKUM MEMBUMIKAN KARAKTER NILAI NILAI PANCASILA DALAM MENGHADAPI MASA NEW NORMAL COVID 19
Authors: Suryono Hassan 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKTujuan makalah ini adalah untuk menjelaskan bagaimana gambaran politik hukum dalam membumikan nilai nilai Pancasila dalam menghadapi masa new normal covid 19.Penulis menggunakan metode perbandingan hukum yang dikeluarkan oleh Pemerintah Republik Indonesia pada masa covid 19 dengan nilai nilai Pancasila. yang ditetapkan oleh Kemendiknas dalam hal ini Badan penelitian dan Pengembangan Pusat Kurikulum yang ,menetapkan sejumlah nilai sikap dan perilakusebagai penjabaran nilai nilai Pancasila.Pada masa new normal muncullah adaptasi baru yang berujud perubahan perilaku untuk tetap menjalankan aktivitas normal dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan dengan tujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan Covid-19. Politik hukum Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia No 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penetapan kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat Corona Virus Disease yang pada intinya berisi (1) Bahwa Covid 19 sebagai penyakit yang menimbulkan kedaruratan masyarakat mencerminkan karakter nilai peduli lingkungan dan sosial ,(2) Negara /Pemerintah / wajib menanggulangi penyebaran Covid 19 mencerminkan karakter nilai tanggung jawab ,kerja keras.Politik hukum Peraturan Pemerintah No 21 Tahun 2020 Tentang pembatasan sosial berskala besar dalam rangka percepatan penanganan Corona Virus Disease 2019 ( Covid 19 ) yang pada intinya menyatakan (1) Diadakan pembatasan skala besar untuk mencegah menyebarnya Covid 19 mencerminkan karakter nilai cinta tanah air dan tanggung jawab, (2) Setelah adanya penetapan pembatasan skala besar oleh Pemerintah /Menteri kesehatan / diperlukan adanya kerja sama dengan pemerintah daerah , hal ini mencerminkan karakter nilai demokratis , dan menghargai prestasi serta toleransi, (3) Adanya kreteria dan obyek tertentu dalam penetapan pembatasan sosial berskala besar mencerminkan karakter nilai disiplin ,jujur dan tanggung jawab. Politik hukum Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2020 tentang Kebijakan Keuangan Negara dan Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan untuk Penanganan Pandemi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) dan ditetapkan sebagai Undang Undang No 2 tahun 2020 mencerminkan karakter nilai peduli sosial dan tanggun jawab Pencerminan karakter nilai tersebut diatas merupakan penjabaran nilai nilai Pancasila yang dilaksanakan oleh politik hukum Keputusan Presiden No. 11 Tahun 2020 ,Peraturan Pemerintah No. 21Tahun 2020,dan Undang Undang No 2 tahun 2020.yang selanjutnya diikuti dengan penunjukan Kepala Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana ( BNPB ) sebagai ketua satgas penanggulangan Covid-19.
KLAUSULA EKSONERASI PADA AKAD MUSYARAKAH MUTANAQISHAH DI BANK SYARIAH DALAM BENTUK AKTA NOTARIS DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN PRINSIP SYARI’AH
Authors: Nu'man Mohamad Hilal 
Published: December 2020

Klausula-klausula yang terdapat dalam akta akad pembiayaan syariah adalah klausula yang sudah menjadi bentuk baku dalam pembuatan akta akad pembiayaan syariah. Dalam pembuatan akad pada perbankan syariah pada umumnya berlaku format baku dimana draf telah disiapkan oleh pihak bank. Hampir semua akad termasuk akad pembiayaan muasyarakah mutanaqishah, selanjutnya format atau draf tersebut menjadi dasar dibuatkannya akta akad pembiayaan musyarakah mutanaqishah yang buat oleh notaris, untuk itu diperlukan kajian dan analisis atas klausula baku pada akad pembiayaan muasyarakah mutanaqishah yang dibuat dalam bentuk akta otentik dihubungkan dengan prinsip syariah terutama dalam klausula tentang Jaminan, perbuatan Cidera Janji dan Akibat Cidera Janji. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan cara meneliti buku pustaka atau data sekunder, bersifat penelitian hukum deskriptif analisis dalam rangka mencari data dengan teliti dan lengkap tentang karakteristik suatu keadaan atau gejala-gejala yang dapat membantu menemukan mengenai Klausula Eksonerasi Pada Akad Musyarakah Mutanaqishah Di Bank Syariah Dalam Bentuk Akta Notaris Dihubungkan Dengan Prinsip Syari’ah. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan akad yang dibuat belum menunjukkan kesesuaian dengan prinsip syariah pada akad pembiayaan musyarakah mutanaqishah yang dibuat dalam bentuk akta otentik. Akad pembiayaan musyarakah mutanaqishah pada perbankan syariah dihubungkan dengan prinsip syariah yang dibuat dalam bentuk akta otentik terwujud dalam bentuk kesepatakan dan hal-hal yang diperjanjikan berdasarkan pada kesepakan, dalam akad yang disahkan oleh notaris yang harus dicapai secara bebas tanpa paksaan dengan memasukkan klausula ke dalam akad yang dibuatnya sesuai dengan kepentingan para pihak sejauh tidak berakibat kebathilan.
KEDUDUKAN HUKUM OBJEK JAMINAN SERTIPIKAT HAK MILIK YANG DIAMBIL ALIH OLEH KREDITOR (AYDA) SEBAGAI BADAN HUKUM DENGAN AKTA DE COMMAND
Authors: Febrianti Riska 
Published: December 2020

Dalam hal pemberian kredit biasanya selalu disertai dengan pemberian adanya suatu jaminan, yang berfungsi untuk menjamin kepastian pelunasan akan utang oleh debitor kepada kreditor. Setiap hal yang berkaitan dengan pembuatan perjanjian tambahan atau accesoir berkaitan dengan jaminan, maka para pihak dilarang membuat janji bagi kreditor untuk dapat langsung memiliki objek jaminan apabila debitor wanprestasi. Pada praktiknya, seringkali dijumpai pemberian kredit dengan jaminan yang memberikan hak bagi pemegang jaminan atau kreditor untuk dapat langsung menjadi pemilik benda yang dijadikan jaminan apabila debitor dalam keadaan wanpretasi. Menjadi persoalan ketika pelaksanaan Aset Yang Diambil Alih (AYDA) oleh kreditor atas debitor yang mengalami kredit macet, serta kedudukan hukum objek jaminan yang diambil alih (AYDA) oleh kreditor sebagai badan hukum dengan Akta De Command. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis pelaksanaan Aset Yang Diambil Alih (AYDA) oleh kreditor atas debitor yang mengalami kredit macet, serta kedudukan hukum objek jaminan sertipikat hak milik merupakan asset yang diambil alih (AYDA) Oleh kreditor sebagai badan hukum dengan Akta De Command.
YI 1.4 Increases in Circulating Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Contribute to the Development of Age-Related Aortic Stiffness in Humans and Mice
Authors: Casso Abigail G , Gioscia-Ryan Rachel A , Sapinsley Zachary J , Van Dongen Nicholas S , Bazzoni Amy E , Neilson Andrew P , Zigler Melanie C , Davy Kevin P , Seals Douglas R , Brunt Vienna E 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAge-related increases in aortic stiffness, assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV), predict cardiovascular (CV)-related mortality, but the upstream drivers are incompletely understood.
Purpose
To determine if higher circulating levels of the gut microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) contribute to age-related aortic stiffening.

Methods and Results
Plasma TMAO concentrations were higher in healthy middle-aged-to-older (45–79 y; N = 83) vs. young (18–27 y; N = 14) humans (6.3 ± 0.6 vs. 1.8 ± 0.3 μM; p < 0.01) and positively related to carotid-femoral (c-f) PWV (r2 = 0.15, p < 0.0001). To determine the role of TMAO in established age-related aortic stiffness, we supplemented old mice (27 mo; N = 12–16/group) with 1% 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB; suppresses microbiota-dependent TMAO production) in drinking water for 8–10 weeks vs. normal drinking water (control). Relative to young mice (3 mo; N = 23), old mice had higher aortic (a) PWV (412 ± 17 vs. 349 ± 11 cm/s; p < 0.01), but DMB had no effect on aPWV (p = 0.58 vs. control) despite suppressing plasma TMAO (control: 8.7 ± 6.3 vs. DMB: 4.3 ± 1.2 µM, p = 0.07) to young levels (3.8 ± 2.6 µM). Next, to determine if TMAO contributes to the development of aortic stiffening, we initiated DMB at mid-life (18 mo; i.e., before the onset of stiffening; N = 8–21/age/treatment). aPWV was similar between young and 18 month-old mice (363 ± 5 cm/s; p = 0.58), but increased progressively with age in control mice (24 mo: 401 ± 13 cm/s, p = 0.03 vs. young; 27 mo: 442 ± 10 cm/s, p < 0.001 vs. young), whereas age-related increases in PWV were considerably attenuated by DMB (24 mo: 359 ± 9 cm/s; 27 mo: 388 ± 10 cm/s, both p < 0.01 vs. control).

Conclusions
Age-related increases in TMAO contribute to the development of aortic stiffness. TMAO-targeted interventions initiated in mid-life may prevent/delay age-related aortic stiffening and reduce CV risk.

Funding
HL134887-02S1, AG060884, HL140875, AG000279.
YI 1.6 Flow Mediated Slowing of Pulse Wave Velocity as a Measure of Endothelial Function
Authors: Sharma Anju , Chandran Dinu S. , Jaryal Ashok , Deepak Kishore K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Ultrasonographic measurement of flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of brachial artery is the gold standard non-invasive technique to measure endothelial function. However, measurement of FMD is technically cumbersome, operator dependent and requires trained manpower, all of which limits its clinical utility. Flow mediated slowing (FMS) of regional arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been proposed as a feasible, operator-independent alternative to ultrasonographically measured FMD [1,2]. We investigated the temporal correlation between brachial artery FMD and simultaneously recorded FMS of brachial-radial PWV in healthy volunteers.

Methods
Twenty-three healthy volunteers, involving 15 males and 8 females with age 26.39 ± 4.41 participated in the study. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring FMS of brachial-radial PWV using two-point applanation tonometry and simultaneously performed ultrasonographic imaging of brachial artery to record FMD. After 1-minute of baseline recording, distal supra-systolic arterial occlusion was produced by inflating a sphygmomanometer cuff to 250 mmHg for 5 minutes. During the phase of reactive hyperemia that follows the release of distal arterial occlusion, both the parameters were simultaneously recorded for a period of 6-minutes.

Results
Flow mediated slowing of pulse wave velocity didn’t correlate with simultaneously recorded FMD. Recovery of PWV coinciding with peak FMD showed strong positive correlation with FMD (r = 0.60, p = 0.002). Time averaged recovery of PWV during the period 60–90s post release of occlusion correlated with FMD (r = 0.46, p = 0.0253).

Conclusion
Recovery of brachial-radial PWV during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia could be used as a feasible, imaging independent alternative to ultrasonographically measured FMD.
YI 1.7 Transmural Quantification of Murine Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Density Distribution from 3D Microscopy Images
Authors: van der Laan Koen W. F. , Reesink Koen D. , van der Bruggen Myrthe M. , Jaminon Armand M. G. , Megens Remco T. A. , Schurgers Leon J. , Delhaas Tammo , Spronck Bart 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Investigating the biomechanical role of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in arteries requires knowledge of their structural distributions. Compared to histology, 3D microscopy offers non-destructive ex vivo imaging under realistic conditions [1]. Robust 3D segmentation of SMCs, however, is challenging. We propose a method for automatic SMC quantification, and assessed its potential using a murine SMC apoptosis model.

Methods
After euthanasia, carotid arteries (control and with induced SMC apoptosis: SM22α-hDTR [2]) were excised and mounted between micropipettes (Figure A). Nuclei were stained with SYTO41. Arteries were imaged using two-photon microscopy [1], while stretched to in vivo length and pressurised to 100 mmHg (Figure B). Image stacks were processed as follows: 1) deconvolution; 2) nuclei segmentation using vesselness filtering [3,4] (Figure C); 3) cylindrical coordinate system identification; 4) splitting of coincident nuclei, based on cores defined from groups of neighbouring voxels with similar orientations [3] (Figure D and E); 5) cylindrical coordinate system re-identification; and 6) cell density-distribution quantification (Figure F). Segmentation performance was assessed by comparing with manual cell counts.

Results
Figure E demonstrates the method’s ability to split undersegmented coinciding nuclei. Cell counts were lower in SM22α-hDTR than in control; algorithm-derived counts were comparable to manual (Figure F). The control sample showed multiple SMC layers, while the SM22α-hDTR sample showed a single SMC layer (Figure F), which was confirmed visually.

Conclusion
We developed a precise tool to quantify SMC distributions in ex vivo murine arteries, to facilitate quantitative modelling of SMC biomechanics. We intend to expand the current approach to address cell orientation, shape, and size.
YI 2.1 Pulse Wave Velocity Estimation from the Radial Pulse Waveform using Gaussian Process Regression: A Machine Learning Based Study
Authors: Jin Weiwei , Chowienczyk Phil , Alastruey Jordi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective and Motivation
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is known to be associated with vascular ageing, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1]. The European gold standard measurement of PWV requires an experienced operator to measure pulse waveforms at multiple sites, sometimes together with an electrocardiogram [2,3]. This study aims to estimate PWV from the radial pulse waveform using machine learning.

Methods
Radial pulse waveforms and carotid-femoral PWVs were acquired in 3,082 unselected twins (https://twinsuk.ac.uk). 14 fiducial points on each pulse waveform were extracted using an in-house algorithm [4]. LASSO regression and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify the key features (timing and magnitude of the fiducial points) associated with PWV and exclude outliers. Finally, Gaussian process regression was used to estimate the PWV based on those key features only.

Results
Results show that PWV can be estimated from the radial pulse waveform only with an overall root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.82 m/s (Figure A). Most of the measured PWV values were within the 95% confidence interval range of the estimated PWV. The difference between measured and estimated PWV values increased with the increasing PWV. PWV estimation on a subgroup of twins with a healthy range of blood pressure and PWV values [5] was achieved with a RMSE of 1.38 m/s (Figure B).

Conclusion
In this proof-of-concept study we have shown the possibility of estimating PWV from the radial pulse waveform using machine learning. This approach could make CVD detection more accessible to the wider population.
YI 2.4 Neural Baroreflex Sensitivity and Long-Term Effect of Antihypertensive Agents—A Pharmacological Substudy of the Paris Prospective Study III
Authors: Danchin Nicolas , Guibout Catherine , Jouven Xavier , Perier Marie-Cécile , Thomas Frederique , Fortier Catherine , Empana Jean-Philippe , Khettab Hakim , Bruno Rosa-Maria , Boutouyrie Pierre 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background/Objectives
The baroreflex is a crucial mechanism acutely modulating vascular tone and heart rate response to maintain blood pressure (BP) in an optimal range. A decrease in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is associated with ageing, and pathological conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. Antihypertensive agents are generally known to have beneficial effect on the BRS, however it is still uncertain if the effect is mediated through a more compliant arterial wall or a sympathoinhibitory action.

Methods
In the Paris Prospective Study III [1], spontaneous baroreflex, carotid stiffness and pharmacological drugs intake were available in 7967 adults (aged 55–75 years). The neural component of the baroreflex sensitivity (nBRS) was obtained with a cross-spectral analysis of variations in carotid distention rate and R-R intervals. Pharmacological classes were analysed according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. Individuals with a BP lowering medication (BP-treated) were paired to non-BP treated individuals with a similar cardiovascular risk (controls) using a propensity score matching procedure (n = 1182 pairs).

Results
Amongst pharmacological classes of BP lowering agents, only agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system (ACEi-ARB) were associated with nBRS (β = −0.08, p = 0.045). Compared to their matched controls, ACEi-ARB users had lower nBRS (2.79 ± 0.66 vs. 2.90 ± 0.62, p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, ACEi-ARB remained significant (stdβ = −0.09, p = 0.025) after adjustment for carotid stiffness (stdβ = 0.25, p < 0.001) and systolic pressure (stdβ = −0.20, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In this epidemiological study, ACEi-ARB were negatively associated with nBRS. This effect is independent of BP and stiffness, which may suggest an inhibition of sympathetic activity by ACEi-ARB.
YI 2.6 Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease Primary Prevention Guidelines between Australia, England and the United States
Authors: Chapman Niamh , Breslin Monique , Lay-Flurrie Sarah , Zhou Zhen , Sharman James , Nelson Mark , McManus Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) primary prevention guidelines recommend absolute CVD risk estimation to guide blood pressure and lipid therapy recommendations but are inconsistent despite relying on similar evidence. This study aimed to compare the populations recommended for treatment according to guidelines in Australia, England and the United States.

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of national health survey data from Australian, English and United States (n = 4,056; n = 2,994; n = 2,943; respectively) adults aged ≥40 years. Participants were classified as recommended for therapy based on clinical characteristics denoting high risk and absolute CVD risk stratification according to each country’s guidelines [1–6]. Agreement in therapy recommendation assessed by Kappa statistic.

Results
Agreement in therapy recommendation was minimal to weak (κ = 0.35–0.54). Proportions recommended for either blood pressure or lipid lowering treatment ranged between 26–32%, 47–52% and 43–47% in Australia, England and United States. There was minimal to strong agreement in therapy recommendation according to clinical criteria (κ = 0.38–0.83) and minimal to moderate agreement according to absolute CVD risk (κ = 0.28–0.64) across guidelines.

Conclusion
Despite similar evidence apparently underpinning guidance, there is little agreement in the populations targeted for CVD primary prevention with Australia recommending far few people for treatment in comparison to England or the United States. This is due to differences in both clinical characteristics considered high risk and absolute CVD risk stratification. Whilst different countries may adopt different policies on the appropriate level of risk to target, these findings suggest a need to develop international consensus definition for high CVD risk in primary prevention guideline.