bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morality, reasoning and upbringing
Authors: O'Hear Anthony 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between morality and reasoning in a general sense. Following a broadly Aristotelian framework, it is shown that reasoning well about morality requires good character and a grounding in virtue and experience. Topic neutral ‘critical thinking’ on its own is not enough and may even be detrimental to morality. This has important consequences both for philosophy and for education. While morality is objective and universal, it should not be seen purely in terms of the intellectual grasp of true propositions. As Simone Weil shows, it emerges from very basic aspects of our nature. As well as reasoning in an abstract sense we need what Pascal calls esprit de finesse based in our humanity as a whole, in sens, raison et coeur. The paper concludes with some reflections on our propensity to fail morally and on the relationship between virtue and happiness.
What is ‘care quality’ and can it be improved by information and communication technology? A typology of family caregivers' perspectives
Authors: Leslie Myles , Gray Robin Patricia , Khayatzadeh‐Mahani Akram 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionWith governments worldwide reducing their involvement in the provision of institutional long‐term elder care, community‐based family caregivers (FCs) have become a key element in policies aimed at improving the quality of healthcare systems and maintaining their financial sustainability. This paper uses data from focus groups with FCs providing care to older adults to describe their approaches to and priorities for achieving care quality and sustainability as they work with formal health and social care systems. It describes FCs' views on information and communications technology (ICT) as potential supports for achieving these care quality and sustainability goals.MethodsWe held 10 focus groups from May 2017 to August 2018 and recruited 25 FCs through a mix of convenience and snowball sampling strategies. We employed an inductive approach and used qualitative thematic content analysis methods to examine and interpret the resulting data. We used NVIVO 12 software for data analysis.ResultsQuality of care – as delivered by both FCs themselves, and formal health and social care systems – was a major preoccupation for our participants. They saw communications quality as a key aspect of the broader concept of care quality. Our data analysis produced a typology of communications quality from the FC perspective. Analysis of our data also revealed ICT development opportunities and available products in key areas.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the formal care system providers could be more caregiver‐oriented in their communications by engaging FCs in the decision‐making process and allowing them to express their own concerns and goals. The implication of our findings for those seeking to develop policies and ICT products in support of FCs is that these should focus on human relationships and seek to expand facilitative communications.
Thromboelastography: a promising alternative to monitor fresh frozen plasma transfusion. A pilot Study in ICU patients
Authors: Praveen Ajay Singh , Bedi Ravneet Kaur , Gombar Satinder , Palta Anshu 
Published: March 2020

Background and ObjectivesMost of the fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions given are inappropriate and are based on abnormal coagulation tests. The objective of our study was to determine whether thromboelastography (TEG) can be used as an alternate to guide and monitor FFP transfusions.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted, and 28 patients were observed during their ICU stay. Blood samples were collected before and 18–24 h post‐FFP transfusion. Platelet counts and conventional coagulation tests were manually measured, and TEG was performed simultaneously.ResultsOf 28 patients, 27 showed abnormal conventional coagulation tests results. In contrast, only 13/28 showed abnormal TEG before FFP transfusion. Of 28 patients, three experienced bleeding, and significant association of TEG parameters – R time, α angle and maximum amplitude, was observed (P < 0·05). Post‐FFP transfusion, five patients were lost to follow‐up. Of 23 patients, 20 had deranged coagulogram, while 13 patients had deranged TEG results. One patient experienced bleeding symptoms and showed abnormal TEG as well as conventional coagulation test results. Significant changes in K time were found in all patients following FFP transfusion (P < 0·05). Maximum amplitude (MA) showed weak correlation with platelet counts. With respect to bleeding, sensitivity of TEG was similar to conventional coagulation test results. However, the specificity of TEG was found to be higher (60%).ConclusionsThromboelastography can be considered as an effective tool to assess coagulation status of ICU patients. Moreover, TEG is more specific and can therefore decrease the use of inappropriate FFP transfusions.
Standing MRI lesions of the distal interphalangeal joint and podotrochlear apparatus occur with a high frequency in warmblood horses
Authors: Gutierrez‐Nibeyro Santiago D. , Werpy Natasha M. , Gold Sarah J. , Olguin Silvia , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFoot pain is a common presenting complaint in Warmblood horses. The aim of this retrospective, cross‐sectional study was to determine the spectrum of foot lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Warmblood horses used for dressage, jumping, and eventing. The medical records of 550 Warmblood horses with foot pain that were scanned using standing MRI were reviewed and the following data were recorded: signalment, occupation, lameness, diagnostic analgesia, imaging results, treatments, and follow‐up assessments. Associations between standing MRI lesions and chronic lameness following treatment were tested. Abnormalities of the navicular bone (409 horses, 74%), distal interphalangeal joint (362 horses, 65%), and deep digital flexor (DDF) tendon (260 horses, 47%) occurred with the highest frequency. The following abnormalities were significantly associated (P < .05) with chronic lameness following conservative therapy: moderate to severe MRI lesions in the trabecular bone of the navicular bone, mild or severe erosions of the flexor surface of the navicular bone, moderate sagittal/parasagittal DDF tendinopathies, and moderate collateral sesamoidean desmopathies. Also, identification of concurrent lesions of the DDF tendon, navicular bone, navicular bursa, and distal sesamoidean impar ligament was associated with chronic lameness after conservative therapy. Development of effective treatment options for foot lesions that respond poorly to conservative therapy is necessary.
Multi-Direction Vibration Isolator for Momentum Wheel Assemblies
Authors: Yan Ge , Zou Hong-Xiang , Yan Han , Tan Ting , Wang Sen , Zhang Wen-Ming , Peng Zhi-Ke , Meng Guang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Momentum wheel assemblies (MWAs) play an important role in the attitude adjustment of the satellite by momentum exchange. The micro-vibration induced by the MWAs affects attitude adjustment and leads to unclear imaging and imprecise position. Considering the isolation of multi-directional vibration and transmission of the torque, a novel isolator inspired by rigid-flexible coupling characteristics of folded structure is proposed for the MWAs in this paper. Through the orthogonal arrangement of two Z-folded beams, the isolator has low stiffness in the translational directions and high stiffness in the direction of rotation. An equivalent dynamic model is developed to characterize the isolator. The experimental results verify that the developed model accurately predicts the response of the isolator under different excitations. The results also demonstrate that the prototype can effectively isolate vibration in low-frequency and a wide-frequency range under three excitation directions. Moreover, the isolator has been tested to verify that it has enough stiffness for torque transmission. The design is compact and can be applied to the MWAs of the satellite for multi-direction vibration isolation without influence on the attitude adjustment of the MWAs to the satellite.
Erratum: “Modeling the Gas Exchange Processes of a Modern Diesel Engine With an Integrated Physics-Based and Data-Driven Approach” [ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, Volume 2: Modeling and Control of Engine and Aftertreatment Systems; Modeling and Control of IC Engines and Aftertreatment Systems; Modeling and Validation; Motion Planning and Tracking Control; Multi-Agent and Networked Systems; Renewable and Smart Energy Systems; Thermal Energy Systems; Uncertain Systems and Robustness; Unmanned Ground and Aerial Vehicles; Vehicle Dynamics and Stability; Vibrations: Modeling, Analysis, and Control, Park City, Utah, USA, October 8–11, 2019, Conference Sponsors: Dynamic Systems and Control Division, ISBN: 978-0-7918-5915-5, Copyright © 2019 by ASME. Paper No. DSCC2019-9226, pp. V002T11A004; 10 pages; doi: 10.1115/DSCC2019-9226]
Authors: Pulpeiro Gonzalez Jorge , Ankobea-Ansah King , Escuder Milian Elena , Hall Carrie M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This erratum corrects errors that appeared in the paper “Modeling the Gas Exchange Processes of a Modern Diesel Engine With an Integrated Physics-Based and Data-Driven Approach” which was published in Proceedings of the ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, Volume 2: Modeling and Control of Engine and Aftertreatment Systems; Modeling and Control of IC Engines and Aftertreatment Systems; Modeling and Validation; Motion Planning and Tracking Control; Multi-Agent and Networked Systems; Renewable and Smart Energy Systems; Thermal Energy Systems; Uncertain Systems and Robustness; Unmanned Ground and Aerial Vehicles; Vehicle Dynamics and Stability; Vibrations: Modeling, Analysis, and Control, (V002T11A004), October 2019, DSCC2019-9226, doi: 10.1115/DSCC2019-9226.
Influence of the Injection Parameters on the Efficiency and Power Output of a Hydrogen Fueled Engine
Authors: Sierens Roger , Verhelst Sebastian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The advantages of hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines are well known, certainly concerning the ultra low noxious emissions (only NOx is to be considered). Disadvantages are the backfire phenomenon and the gaseous state of hydrogen at atmospheric conditions. A complete control of the mixture formation is necessary and therefore a test engine with sequential port injection was chosen.
The tests are carried out on a single cylinder CFR engine with the intention to use the results to optimize a 6 and 8 cylinder engine with multipoint injection. Different positions of the injector against the intake air duct are examined (represented as different junctions).
A numerical simulation CFD code (FLUENT) is used under “stationary” conditions (continuous injection) for all geometries and under “real” conditions (sequential injection) for one situation.
For each of the geometries the influences of the start of injection, the air/fuel equivalence ratio, injection pressure and ignition timing on the power output and efficiency of the engine are analyzed. A comparison and discussion is given for all results.
It is clearly shown that the start of injection for a certain engine speed and inlet geometry influences the volumetric efficiency and thus the power output of the engine due to the interaction between the injected hydrogen and the inlet pressure waves. Furthermore, the small influence of the injection pressure and the contradictory benefits of the different junctions between power output and fuel efficiency are measured.
With retarded injection, so that cool air decreases the temperature of the “hot-spots” in the combustion chamber before the fuel is injected, backfire safe operation is possible.
Calibration of a Methodology to Determine Pollutant Production in Urban Areas and its Application to Real Situations
Authors: Artusi E. R. , Cacozza A. , Danieli G. A. , Merenda F. , Muraca P. , Viola R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The paper illustrates a first calibration of the Danieli-d’Elia method for pollutant production determination in urban areas, as described in previous articles, and its application to measured road conditions in a Southern Italian City.
In order to perform the calibration, the method was applied to UDC + EUDC driving cycles, theoretically obtained for a given vehicle, both catalysed and non-catalysed. Model predictions were then compared to law requirements for the relative model-year, obtaining the calibration. Next, it was also necessary to devise a procedure to filter the data, which was often subject to heavy electronic noise, causing unrealistic values of the acceleration, and this was also performed and applied to the different sets of experimental data. Once this was obtained, the comparison to real city pollutant production in various traffic and elevation conditions was performed. Finally, on the assumption that in real traffic the individual car’s kinematic conditions are conditioned by the presence of other cars, the measured kinematic diagrams were extended to different car typologies by changing engine speed in the appropriate manner, and consequently the torque. This allows the experimental measurement to be extended to the entire fleet of cars, running on a certain street at a given time, also taking into account velocity distributions, as will be shown.
PFPE Lubricant Bonding to Carbon Overcoats
Authors: Lei Ryan Z. , Paserba Kris R. , Gellman Andrew J. , Shukla Nisha , Cornaglia Laura M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Continued reduction in the head-disk spacing of magnetic data storage systems and the resulting increase in the frequency of head-disk contacts will place increasing burdens on the perfluoropolyalkyl ether (PFPE) lubricant and amorphous carbon (a-C) overcoat used to protect the surfaces of magnetic media. In addition, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and contamination that influence the lubricant-overcoat interactions become increasingly important to the tribological performance of the head-disk interface. It is of utmost importance to obtain a fundamental understanding of the molecular interactions at the lubricant-overcoat interface in order to maintain the reliability of future hard disk drives. Recent progress has generated insight into the heterogeneous nature of the a-C overcoat surface, the interaction mechanisms of PFPEs with a-C overcoats, the effects of humidity on lubricant-overcoat interactions, and the evaporation kinetics of PFPE lubricants.
Irish Defence Forces combat medical technician training: experience of a novel university medical school-based programme
Authors: Loughman Sheila , Berry C , Hickey P , Kerr G M , Bury G 
Published: March 2020

AimsThis study explores the opinions and experiences of Irish Defences Forces’ (IDF) graduates from University College Dublin’s Diploma in Military Medicine Care (DMMC). It aims to identify which aspects of medical education are relevant for the development of military graduates in the role of Combat Medical Technician (CMT) in future.MethodsA validated Clinical Learning Environment Score tool was adapted and incorporated into an online survey. This was sent electronically to 71 graduates. Responses were anonymous.Results38 (54%) graduates responded. Student feedback was positive regarding teaching and clinical placements in the DMMC. In total 16 (42%) students reported use of their new skills in their daily work. Of the 9 (24%) deployed overseas, all used their new skills. Emergency and occupational health skills were used more frequently, while advanced skills were used rarely.ConclusionAn increased emphasis on frequently used skills should be considered. Links to healthcare services would be of benefit to graduates in skills maintenance. Key advanced skills, such as intravenous cannulation and advanced airway management are rarely used but mechanisms to maintain them will improve the relevance of the programme to the CMT role. A change in how the IDF acknowledges qualifications may support more graduates in advancing and maintaining their career in the military medical workforce.
What hinders congenital ectopia lentis patients’ follow-up visits? A qualitative study
Authors: Lin Jianqiang , Gong Ni , Cao Qianzhong , Zhou Yijing , Cai Yitingxue , Jin Guangming , Young Charlotte Aimee , Yang Jing , Wang Yiyao , Zheng Danying 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of our study is to give insight into congenital ectopia lentis (CEL) patients’ care-seeking behaviour and explore the factors affecting their follow-up visits.DesignCross-sectional study; in-depth and face-to-face semistructured interview.SettingA large-scale ophthalmology hospital in China.Participants35 patients with CEL and their parents from May 2017 to August 2017.Main outcome measuresThemes and categories. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed using grounded theory. Data collection was closed when new themes did not emerge in subsequent dialogues.ResultsThe factors affecting the timely visits included insufficient awareness of CEL, shame on hereditary disease, lack of effective doctor–patient communication, lack of reliable information online and daily stressors.ConclusionContinuing medical education of severe and rare disease, reforming the pattern of medical education, constructing an interactive platform of the disease on the internet and improving healthcare policy are effective ways to improve the diagnosis and treatment status of CEL in China.
Association of birthplace and occupational exposures with chronic bronchitis in US Hispanics/Latinos, 2008–2011
Authors: Kim Victor , Wang Wei , Mannino David , Diaz Alejandro 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesIn the US, chronic bronchitis (CB) is common and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Data on CB in the Hispanic/Latino population—a large, diverse US minority—are scarce. We aimed to test whether the prevalence of CB varies across Hispanic/Latino heritages and to identify CB risk factors, including occupational exposures, in this population.MethodsWe analysed data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a US population-based probability sample of participants aged 18–74 years (n=16 415) including those with Mexican, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Cuban, Central American and South American heritages. Participants who had a completed respiratory questionnaire and valid spirometric data were included in the analysis (n=13 259). CB, place of birth, heritage, occupational exposures and other risk factors were based on standardised questionnaires. The prevalence of CB was estimated using survey logistic regression-conditional marginal analysis.ResultsThe estimated (mean (95% CI)) overall adjusted prevalence of CB was 12.1% (9.3 to 15.6), with a large variation across heritages. Dominican heritage had a fivefold higher prevalence than South American heritage. US-born participants had a higher adjusted prevalence than their non-US-born counterparts (16.8% (12.5 to 22.1) vs 11.0% (8.5 to 14.10); p=0.022). Compared with non-exposed participants, those exposed to cleaning or disinfecting solutions had a higher adjusted prevalence of CB (12.6% (9.1 to 17.1) vs 11.8% (9.2 to 15.1); p=0.024).ConclusionsThe prevalence of CB was higher among Dominicans than other Hispanic/Latino heritages. CB was more prevalent among US-born participants and those exposed to cleaning and disinfecting solutions.
Immunity to hepatitis A among men who have sex with men attending a large sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia, 2012–2018
Authors: Vodstrcil Lenka A , Fairley Christopher K , Williamson Deborah A , Bradshaw Catriona S , Chen Marcus Y , Chow Eric P F 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundOutbreaks of hepatitis A are being reported more commonly among men who have sex with men (MSM) globally. Australia has also reported a sharp increase in the number of cases of hepatitis A in 2017. This study aimed to determine the level of immunity to hepatitis A among MSM attending a large urban sexual health clinic in Victoria in the lead up to recent outbreak.MethodsThis was a retrospective audit of serological testing data from first-time MSM attendees at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) in Australia from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2018. We determined the proportion of MSM who were tested and who had serological detection of hepatitis A IgG, stratified by age and calendar year. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression to investigate factors associated with testing for and detection of hepatitis A IgG.ResultsThere were 16 609 first-time MSM attendees at MSHC over the 7-year period, of which 9718 (59%, 95% CI 58% to 60%) were tested for hepatitis A IgG. There was a 2% annual increase in the proportion of men tested (from 60% in 2012 to 69% in 2018; OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03, p=0.025). Men born outside of Australia/New Zealand, and younger men <30 years had higher odds of being tested. Of those tested, 44% (n=4304, 95% CI 43% to 45%) had hepatitis A IgG detected at their first visit, with no change over time (OR=1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.03, p=0.210). Detection of hepatitis A IgG was associated with being aged 30 years or older (adjusted OR=2.06, 95% CI 1.89 to 2.24, p<0.001) or being born overseas versus Australia/New Zealand (AOR=1.21, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.31, p<0.001).ConclusionHepatitis A immunity among MSM remains below the estimated 70% required to prevent outbreaks. Measures including increased testing and higher vaccination coverage are needed to prevent outbreaks and to limit the number of cases and deaths.
Geological and tectonic controls on morphometrics of submarine landslides of the Spanish margins
Authors: León Ricardo , Urgeles Roger , Pérez-López Raul , Payo Emilio , Vázquez-Izquierdo Amanda , Giménez-Moreno Carmen Julia , Casas David 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A geomorphological analysis of the submarine landslides geographical information system catalogue of the Geological Survey of Spain has revealed three main groups of submarine landslides associated with (1) deep-ocean seamount ridges (extinct spreading centres), (2) volcanic islands and (3) continental margins. These three groups have statistically significant morphometric differences, as determined from analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD Tests, in total length (runout), total area, maximum deposit width and bathymetric depth. Volcanic island-related slope failures affect larger areas of the seafloor and their headwall escarpments often extend above sea-level. Slope failures associated with seamount ridges are the deepest, between 3500 and 5500 m, and display relatively high width-to-length ratios. Finally, landslides on continental margins show two sub-groups. Landslides on tectonically controlled margins have smaller runouts and total area and larger average slope gradients than margins where tectonic controls are limited. These results demonstrate that submarine landslide morphology is strongly controlled by the geological-tectonic setting.