bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USING AN INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIP TEACHING STRATEGY AND REFLECTION IN ON-GROUND AND ONLINE COURSES
Authors: Thurlow Christine B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Contact or experiences with older adults by college-level students is varied in nature and duration but is often reported as minimal and negative. By pairing groups from different generations, these relationships may influence established attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of the groups. Research has shown that intergenerational relationships between older adults and college students through interviews within gerontology courses may influence college students’ views on aging and older adults towards the more positive. Specific steps in the development of an intergenerational relationship teaching strategy begin with locating an elder to interview and guidance for how relationship development can change from beginning to end. Role play may help prepare for first interview. Interview questions correspond to course content. Reflections are represented via discussion board if online, and group process forums if on-ground. Intergenerational relationship strategies can be flexible in the amount of contact time with the elder and the student. Reflection strategies can be utilized in several ways: discussion board, journal entries, presentations to classmates, and a culminating paper/PowerPoint. The opportunity for students to tell stories of their own past experiences, relationships with their elders, care and concerns for their elders, and how personal views about older adults and aging may be changing supports the effectiveness of this teaching strategy. Further research into the amount of time needed for effective intergenerational relationship development between student and elder may assist in course planning. Need clearer understanding of the benefits for the elder mentors and if their views about young people have been altered.
THE CURRENT SITUATION AND INFLUENTIAL FACTORS OF FRAILTY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DIABETES IN CHINA
Authors: Dai Fumin , Jia Wenwen , Jiang Mengdie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Patient with diabetes may increase the incidence of frailty. Frailty cause chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of frailty and its influencing factors in elderly patients with diabetes. Totally 300 elderly patients with diabetes were selected from a tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou of China via convenience sampling method，and were investigated by self-designed general information questionnaire，TFI (Tilburg Frailty Indicator) and SDSCA(Scale of Diabetes Self-care Activities). Totally 296 valid questionnaires were collected. A total of 137 elderly patients with diabetes suffered from frailty and the prevalence was 46.3%. The mean score of total frailty was (5.26±2.87) and the scores for each dimension were as follows: physical frailty (2.79±2.08), psychological frailty (1.40±0.94) and social frailty (1.07±0.75). Multiple linear regression showed that comorbidity, self-management behavior, glycosylated hemoglobin, educational degree, polypharmacy and smoking were the major influential factors (P&lt;0.05). The prevalence of frailty in elderly patients with diabetes was at a high level, containing different degrees of physical, psychological and social frailty. Medical staff should attach great importance to the assessment of frailty among elderly patients with diabetes, take targeted and holistic interventions timely to prevent or delay the development of frailty.
HIPPOCAMPAL GLUTAMATE MODULATION DURING MEMORY ENCODING: ASSOCIATION WITH AGE AND SUBFIELD VOLUMES
Authors: Anand Chaitali , Homayouni Roya , Yu Qijing , Ramesh Sruthi , Khatib Dalal , Dahle Cheryl , Stanley Jeffrey , Raz Naftali 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hippocampal glutamatergic activity plays a pivotal role in memory consolidation, including the ability to form novel associations that declines with age. To test whether glutamatergic dysfunction may underpin age-related memory declines, we examined in vivo age differences in hippocampal glutamate modulation during encoding of associations, and its relationship with hippocampal subfield volumes. Proton functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on 32 young (25.1±2.8 years; 18 females) and 16 older (65.9±2.7 years; 7 females) adults to measure changes in hippocampal (randomly assigned right or left) glutamate during an object-location paired association learning task (with 12 cycles of encoding-retrieval epochs). Volumes of the dentate gyrus&CA3, CA1, subiculum, and entorhinal cortex were manually measured from T2-weighted MRI images. Memory performance differed between the age-groups [F(1, 46)=8.56, p&lt;.01], with the older attaining a lower asymptote [t(46)=2.93, p&lt;.05] compared to the younger. Age differences in glutamate were observed only during encoding (age-group x epoch: F(3,137)=5.28, p&lt;.01), and varied over the epochs. Young adults showed increased glutamate during the first four encoding epochs of each cycle, with levels remaining high thereafter. Old adults evidenced a decrease in glutamate during the first four epochs, and a slow, sustained ramping-up afterwards. Including both age-groups, the maximum change in glutamate, calculated using the maximum and minimum levels during encoding, was positively associated with CA1 [F(2,39)=4.28, p&lt;.05] and the dentate gyrus&CA3 volume [F(2,39)=4.4, p&lt;.05], after correcting for multiple comparisons. Glutamate modulation specific to encoding may underlie age-related memory declines and be related to selected hippocampal subfield volumes.
TRANSITION TO A MORE EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF PROTEIN INTAKE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED FAT LOSS IN OBESE OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Farsijani Samaneh , Cauley Jane A , Santanasto Adam J , Glynn Nancy W , Boudreau Robert M , Newman Anne B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Optimization of intentional weight loss in obese older adults, through preferential fat mass reduction, is challenging, as the concomitant lean mass loss may exacerbate sarcopenia. Here, we assessed whether changes in within-day protein intake distribution are related to improvements in body composition in overweight/obese older adults during a hypocaloric and exercise intervention. Methods: Thirty-six community-dwelling, overweight-to-obese (BMI 28.0-39.9 kg/m2), sedentary older adults (aged 70.6±6.1 years) were randomized into either physical activity plus successful aging health education (PA+SA; n=15) or physical activity plus weight loss (PA+WL; n=21) programs. Body composition (by CT and DXA) and dietary intake (by three-day food records) were determined at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up visits. Within-day protein distribution was calculated as the coefficient of variation of protein ingested at breakfast [5:00–10:59], lunch [11:00–16:59] and dinner [17:00–1:00]. Secondary analysis was performed to determine associations between changes in protein intake distribution and body composition. Results: In both groups, baseline protein intake was skewed towards dinner. The pattern of protein intake changed towards a more even within-day distribution in PA+WL, but it remained unchanged in PA+SA. Transition towards a more even pattern of protein intake was independently associated with a greater decline in BMI (P&lt;0.05) and abdominal subcutaneous fat (P&lt;0.05) in PA+WL. However, changes in protein CV were not associated with weight loss in PA+SA. Conclusion: Our results show that mealtime distribution of protein intake throughout the day was associated with improved weight and fat loss under hypocaloric diet combined with physical activity.
ANGIOTENSIN (1-7) EXPRESSING LACTOBACILLUS DOSE-DEPENDENTLY BENEFITS THE GUT-BRAIN AXIS IN AGED RATS
Authors: Sun Yi , Li Qiuhong , Verma Amrisha , Carter Christy , Buford Thomas W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aging is associated with gut dysbiosis – a condition linked with altered central nervous system function (i.e the “gut-brain axis”). Age-related health benefits have been ascribed to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), mediated partially via the angiotensin (1-7) or Ang(1-7) axis. This pre-clinical study explored dosing of a genetically modified probiotic expressing Ang(1-7) – which we previously showed to induce dose-dependent increases in circulating Ang(1-7) – in modulating the gut-brain axis. Twenty-nine male F344BN rats were randomized at 24 months of age to receive oral gavage of Ang(1-7) Lactobacillus paracasei (LP) zero (control), one, three, or seven times/week over 28 days. At day 29, samples of feces, serum and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) were collected. Microbiome taxonomic analysis of fecal samples was performed via 16S-based PCR. Serum samples were analyzed for tryptophan and downstream metabolites via LC-MS. PFC was evaluated for mRNA expression of select inflammatory cytokines. PCoA revealed that groups differed in the overall fecal microbiota community structure as determined by Unweighted UniFrac. Indices of alpha-diversity, including richness and phylogenetic diversity, displayed significant group differences – with the most dramatic effects observed in the 3-times/week group. Compared to control, serum serotonin and 2-Picolinic Acid were significantly increased in the 3-times/week group. The 3-times/week regimen also significantly reduced COX2, IL1β, and TNFα mRNA expression, and 7-times/week reduced COX2 and IL1β expression in PFC. Therefore, we conclude that short-term treatment with Ang(1-7) LP dose-dependently benefits the gut-brain axis in aged rats, with 3-times/week appearing to be the optimal dosing regimen.
COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES AND OLDER ADULTS: A COMBINATION IN MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION
Authors: Salgado Glaucia , Koehn Sharon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mental health promotion among older adults has been considered an important goal by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017). Mental health has been understood as not necessarily the absence of mental illness, but in fact, points on a continuum that although are not mutually exclusive, and it may intersect at times (Cowen, 1991; Keyes & Westerhof, 2012). With such complex health component, medical practices—although extremely critical in many cases—are often one factor of in the equation. Other practices, such as positive relationships among individuals and measures to tackle isolation are relevant and successful when planning practice for mental health promotion (Wister & McPherson 2014; Newall & Menec, 2019). A study done at a community-based seniors service in Vancouver – Canada shows that these spaces are considered a critical resource for visible minority older adults. Two focus groups were conducted at a community-based senior service with visible minority older adults between ages 55 to 80 years old. Results show that visible minority older adults strongly rely on this sector to maintain the connection with the society, and to the services provided in the wider community. Community-based seniors service provide opportunities for social inclusion and interactions, learning new things, and it has an inverse association with feeling isolated and lonely at home—a constant issue stated in the research. These findings indicate the critical role of this sector in ameliorating and promoting the mental health of visible minority older adults.
YOU DON’T KNOW WHAT YOU DON’T KNOW: A SURVEY OF CAREER MENTORING NEEDS IN CLINICAL GEROPSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Spalding Rachael , Renn Brenna N , Allen Rebecca S , Birdsall Jennifer , Edelstein Barry 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mentorship carries the potential to improve the placement, persistence, and success of those working in geriatric mental health. We sought to explore the career preferences and perceived barriers to obtaining desired jobs in the field of clinical geropsychology using an online survey of trainees and etablished professional geropsychologists. This cross-sectional observational cohort study recruited 96 respondents .Both trainees (n = 42) and professional geropsychologists (n = 54) completed an online survey. Trainees endorsed a variety of characteristics to describe their ideal jobs in geropsychology; particularly interdisciplinary teamwork and jobs in medical settings, palliative/hospice care facilities, long-term care, and geriatric outpatient care. The most commonly endorsed perceived barrier to trainees’ ideal jobs was the location of the position. Responses from professional geropsychologists elucidated factors that influenced their first job and resources that were helpful, or would have been helpful, during their job search process. The majority of respondents described the role of mentoring in career development, specifically with skill development, decision-making assistance, and personal support. Mentorship is instrumental throughout one’s training and career and offers instrumental and emotional support in job-searching and defining one’s career. Results should be considered with respect to training and retention of clinical geropsychologists given the workforce shortage, particularly in academia.
FINANCIAL HARDSHIP IN OLDER CHINESE CANCER SURVIVORS
Authors: Su Mingzhu , Yao Nengliang , Sun Xiaojie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose: To estimate the proportion of Chinese cancer survivors experienced financial hardship and then examine whether older age was associated with financial hardship. Methods: We surveyed 965 cancer survivors 30 to 64 years of age and 643 cancer survivors age &gt;=65 years in China. Cancer survivors were asked whether (1) they have borrowed money because of cancer, its treatment, and lasting effects of treatment and (2) they have forgone some cancer-related medical care because of cost. Multi-variable logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with financial hardship. Results: About 44% of cancer survivors older than 65 borrowed money because of cancer, and 18% had borrowed more than 20,000 CNY (about 2,900USD, the disposable personal income in China in 2015 was about 22,000 CNY). In contrast, 54% of younger patients (P&lt;0.01) had cancer-related debts, and 32% had to borrow more than 20,000 CNY. About 11% of cancer survivors have forgone cancer care in both age groups. The logistic regression analyses show that being 65 or older was 43% less likely to report cancer-related debts than younger patients (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.44-0.73). Among older cancer survivors, those who were older than 75, female, and had Urban Employee Medical Insurance and higher family income were less likely to report financial hardship. Conclusion: Older cancer survivors in China experience significant financial hardship, but not as striking as younger patients. Additional research is needed to analyze whether the finding is associated with the Chinese family structure and traditional filial piety culture.
EXPERIENCES AND FACILITATORS OF FALLS PREVENTION AMONG ETHNICALLY DIVERSE OLDER ADULTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Thiamwong Ladda , Conner Norma E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Falls increase as people age and decrease the quality of life. Even though fall interventions have received great attention, fall incidence rates have still arisen. In order for older adults to reap the benefits of evidence-based fall interventions, a challenge of implementation in the real world and right context must be met. Understanding experiences, facilitators, and barriers of fall prevention among four major ethnic groups in the Unites States could be extremely valuable. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe experiences and highlight facilitators and barriers on fall and fear of falling interventions among ethnically diverse community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Four ethnically specified (African American, Asian, Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White) focus groups were conducted. A total of 28 older adults and four family caregivers were interviewed. Interviews covered experiences on falls and fear of falling, attitudes, factors, consequences, risk assessment, and interventions. Data were organized and analyzed with the NViVo software. Results: Falls related experiences and behaviors were multifaceted and varied. Three themes related to falls experiences and behaviors were identified, 1) falls prevention versus fear of falling amplification; 2) role identity, culture and family considerations; and 3) take care of you, take care of me. Facilitators of fall prevention were integration of individual learning within a group meeting, providing appropriate assistive devices and promoting environmental safety. Barriers were inconsistent fall risk assessments, low fall risk awareness and acknowledgment, and balance and visual impairment.
A MIXED METHODS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF COMMUNITY-BASED GROUPS FOR SOCIAL ISOLATION AND LONELINESS IN OLDER PEOPLE
Authors: Hayanga Brenda A , Kneale Dylan , Phoenix Ann 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the UK, many older people from minoritised ethnic groups are vulnerable to social isolation and loneliness. Yet, we know little about which interventions are effective for them. With existing systematic reviews of social isolation and loneliness lacking a theory-based framework of their life-course experiences, we set out to address this gap. This review aims to explore the effectiveness and suitability of community-based group interventions (CBGIs) for social isolation and loneliness in older people. The decision to focus on CBGIs was based on findings from an exploratory study of the friendship networks of older people and narrative interviews with older minoritised people living in the UK. The findings suggested that community groups of shared interests/backgrounds were protective of social isolation and loneliness. To address the objectives, we searched for randomised controlled trials and process evaluations of CBGIs published in English, which included older people living in countries with membership to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. We identified 4791 studies, 36 of which were eligible for inclusion. In this poster, we present the preliminary findings of this mixed-methods systematic review, which seeks to not only assess whether CBGIs are effective but also to understand the underlying processes that make interventions (in)effective. As this review is guided by findings from two exploratory studies with older people from minoritised ethnic groups, it takes into account their life-course experiences. It is the results of reviews such as this that can produce generalisable findings which are directly applicable to policy.
HOW TO STEADI YOUR PATIENTS WITH THE COORDINATED CARE PLAN TO PREVENT OLDER ADULT FALLS AND EVALUATION GUIDE
Authors: Mark Janice A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Falls are common, costly, and the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries for older Americans. Reports show that fall death rates are increasing. Healthcare providers play an important role in fall prevention but few talk to their patients about falls. This lack of communication demonstrates the need for more physician-initiated fall prevention. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) created the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) initiative to help providers talk to their patients about falls. Specifically, CDC’s new STEADI-based fall prevention program, the Coordinated Care Plan to Prevent Older Adult Falls (CCP) and Evaluation Guide for Older Adult Clinical Fall Prevention Programs can assist healthcare providers in integrating and evaluating new fall prevention programs that screen older adults for fall risk, assess patients’ modifiable fall risk factors, and implement evidenced-based fall prevention interventions (e.g., medication management, physical therapy). The CCP offers guidance for incorporating a STEADI-based fall prevention program including how to engage leadership, integrate with existing clinic workflow and electronic health records, and strategies on how to obtain reimbursement for fall prevention. The Evaluation Plan offers details on how to engage stakeholders, collect data, interpret findings and how to share results for maximum impact. Both documents were based on lessons learned from successful implementation of STEADI-based programs in primary care. A STEADI-based program in New York found fewer fall-related hospitalizations among at-risk patients who received a fall prevention care plan compared to at-risk patients who did not receive a care plan.
ATTITUDES, EXPECTATIONS, KNOWLEDGE AND INTENTIONS REGARDING ORAL HEALTH: PERCEPTIONS OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Hardgraves Virginia M , Henry Jean , Patton Susan K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Many adults in today’s aging cohort are maintaining their teeth into their advanced years. The advantages of fluoridated water, dental insurance, greater awareness of preventive oral healthcare, and more restorative dental services, have made this possible. The demand for oral health care services will be greater and more complex than that of previous generations. Evidence of a link between oral health and overall health underscores the need to better integrate dental care into the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to better understand these issues from the perspective of older adults (N = 26) 65 years of age and older and living independently. Semi structured interviews guided by the behavioral constructs of the Reasoned Action Approach Theory were conducted. Results from the qualitative analysis revealed five themes: 1) Difficulties accessing dental care, 2) Stoic independence, 3) Taking care of your mouth as part of overall health, 4) Relationships affecting oral health related quality of life, and 5) Supporting roles. The findings demonstrate a need to increase oral health literacy in the older adult population with attention to reducing modifiable risk factors. Understanding these behaviors and the current level of oral and overall health knowledge from the perspective of older adults, is vital to helping these individuals’ transition into increasing levels of dependency with a high level of oral health related quality of life. Public health program planning can use this information to help older adults prepare for the transitions that come with healthy aging.
GAIT SPEED AND CHILDHOOD-TO-MIDLIFE BRAIN HEALTH: RETHINKING GAIT
Authors: Rasmussen Line , Caspi Avshalom , Moffitt Terrie , Cohen Harvey J , Morey Miriam C , Richmond-Rakerd Leah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Gait speed is a well-known predictor of functional decline and mortality in older adults, but little is known about the origins of gait speed earlier in life. We tested the hypothesis that slow gait reflects accelerated biological aging already at midlife, as well as poor neurocognitive functioning in childhood and childhood-to-midlife cognitive decline. Methods: Prospective study of the population-representative Dunedin Study birth cohort (n=1,037), followed to age 45 (until April 2019). We measured age-45 gait speed in 904 (90.7%) participants and tested associations with key life course factors. Results: The mean (SD) gait speeds (m/s) were: usual: 1.30 (0.17); dual task: 1.16 (0.23); and maximum: 1.99 (0.29). Among midlife adults, those with more physical limitations (β -0.27; P&lt;.001), poorer physical functions (β 0.24–0.36; all P&lt;.001), accelerated biological aging across multiple organ systems (β -0.33), older facial appearance (β -0.25), smaller brain volume (β 0.15), more cortical thinning (β 0.09), smaller cortical surface area (β 0.13), and more white matter hyperintensities (β -0.09) had slower gait speed, all P&lt;.05. Participants with lower IQ in childhood (β 0.34) and midlife (β 0.38) and who exhibited childhood-to-midlife cognitive decline (β 0.10) had slower gait speed at midlife, all P&lt;.01. Adults with poorer neurocognitive function as early as age 3 had slower gait in midlife (β 0.26; P&lt;.001). Conclusion: Adults’ gait speed is more than an indicator of geriatric functional status, it is also an index of midlife aging and lifelong brain health.