bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron Deprivation in Human T Cells Induces Nonproliferating Accessory Helper Cells
Authors: Berg Verena , Modak Madhura , Brell Jennifer , Puck Alexander , Künig Sarojinidevi , Jutz Sabrina , Steinberger Peter , Zlabinger Gerhard J , Stöckl Johannes 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Iron uptake via the transferrin receptor (CD71) is a pivotal mechanism for T cell proliferation. Yet, it is incompletely understood if targeting of CD71 also affects the differentiation and functional polarization of primary human T cells. In this study, we demonstrate that inhibition of iron ingestion with blocking mAbs against CD71 induces nonproliferating T cells, which release high amounts of IL-2. Targeting of CD71 with blocking or nonblocking mAbs did not alter major signaling pathways and the activation of the transcription factors NF-κB, NFAT, or AP-1 as analyzed in Jurkat T cells. Growth arrest in iron-deficient (Fe-def) T cells was prevented upon addition of exogenous iron in the form of ferric ammonium citrate but was not reversible by exogenous IL-2. Surprisingly, protein synthesis was found to be intact in Fe-def T cells as demonstrated by comparable levels of CD69 upregulation and cytokine production with iron-sufficient T cells upon stimulation with CD3 plus CD28 mAbs. Indeed, high amounts of IL-2 were detectable in the supernatant of Fe-def T cells, which was accompanied with a reduced cell surface expression of IL-2R. When we used such Fe-def T cells in allogeneic MLRs, we observed that these cells acquired an accessory cell function and stimulated the proliferation of bystander T cells by providing IL-2. Thus, the results of our study demonstrate that iron deprivation causes nonproliferating, altruistic T cells that can help and stimulate other immune cells by providing cytokines such as IL-2.
Retinoic Acid Modulates Hyperactive T Cell Responses and Protects Vitamin A–Deficient Mice against Persistent Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection
Authors: Liang Yuejin , Yi Panpan , Wang Xiaofang , Zhang Biao , Jie Zuliang , Soong Lynn , Sun Jiaren 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major public health problem and is associated with increased host susceptibility to infection; however, how VAD influences viral infection remains unclear. Using a persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection model, we showed in this study that although VAD did not alter innate type I IFN production, infected VAD mice had hyperactive, virus-specific T cell responses at both the acute and contraction stages, showing significantly decreased PD-1 but increased cytokine (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) expression by T cells. Compared with control mice, VAD mice displayed excessive inflammation and more severe liver pathology, with increased death during persistent infection. Of note, supplements of all-trans retinoic acid (RA), one of the important metabolites of vitamin A, downregulated hyperactive T cell responses and rescued the persistently infected VAD mice. By using adoptive transfer of splenocytes, we found that the environmental vitamin A or its metabolites acted as rheostats modulating antiviral T cells. The analyses of T cell transcriptional factors and signaling pathways revealed the possible mechanisms of RA, as its supplements inhibited the abundance of NFATc1 (NFAT 1), a key regulator for T cell activation. Also, following CD3/CD28 cross-linking stimulation, RA negatively regulated the TCR-proximal signaling in T cells, via decreased phosphorylation of Zap70 and its downstream signals, including phosphorylated AKT, p38, ERK, and S6, respectively. Together, our data reveal VAD-mediated alterations in antiviral T cell responses and highlight the potential utility of RA for modulating excessive immune responses and tissue injury in infectious diseases.
Using Mineral Chemistry to Aid Exploration: A Case Study from the Resolution Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit, Arizona
Authors: Cooke David R. , Wilkinson Jamie J. , Baker Mike , Agnew Paul , Phillips Josh , Chang Zhaoshan , Chen Huayong , Wilkinson Clara C. , Inglis Shaun , Hollings Pete , Zhang Lejun , Gemmell J. Bruce , White Noel C. , Danyushevsky Leonid , Martin Hamish 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe giant, high-grade Resolution porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in the Superior district of Arizona is hosted in Proterozoic and Paleozoic basement and in an overlying Cretaceous volcaniclastic breccia and sandstone package. Resolution has a central domain of potassic alteration that extends more than 1 km outboard of the ore zone, overlapping with a propylitic halo characterized by epidote, chlorite, and pyrite that is particularly well developed in the Laramide volcaniclastic rocks and Proterozoic dolerite sills. The potassic and propylitic assemblages were overprinted in the upper parts of the deposit by intense phyllic and advanced argillic alteration. The district was disrupted by Tertiary Basin and Range extension, and the fault block containing Resolution and its Cretaceous host succession was buried under thick mid-Miocene dacitic volcanic cover, obscuring the geologic, geophysical, and geochemical footprint of the deposit.To test the potential of propylitic mineral chemistry analyses to aid in the detection of concealed porphyry deposits, a blind test was conducted using a suite of epidote-chlorite ± pyrite-altered Laramide volcaniclastic rocks and Proterozoic dolerites collected from the propylitic halo, with samples taken from two domains located to the north and south and above the Resolution ore zone. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) data of epidote provided indications of deposit fertility and proximity. Competition for chalcophile elements (As, Sb, Pb) between coexisting pyrite and epidote grains led to a subdued As-Sb fertility response in epidote, consistent with epidote collected between 0.7 and 1.5 km from the center of a large porphyry deposit. Temperature-sensitive trace elements in chlorite provided coherent spatial zonation patterns, implying a heat source centered at depth between the two sample clusters, and application of chlorite proximitor calculations based on LA-ICP-MS analyses provided a precisely defined drill target in this location in three dimensions. Drilling of this target would have resulted in the discovery of Resolution, confirming that epidote and chlorite mineral chemistry can potentially add value to porphyry exploration under cover.
Art across Cultures and Art by Appropriation
Authors: Lafrenz Mark 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Art, broadly understood, exists across cultures, and non-art objects can become works of art through acts of creative appropriation. Appropriators can be artists. A correct concept or definition of art will be adequate insofar as it tracks the metaphysics of art in general. Among the conditions something must meet to be a member of the class of artworks is that it was created with the intention that it serve a certain cultural role by which it represents or otherwise conveys meaning(s) or has assumed that role over time. It is an objective matter whether something is a work of art whatever conditions allowed for its creation and whatever meaning(s) it represents or otherwise conveys.
Beauty (Mei, 美) in theZhuangziand Contemporary Theories of Beauty
Authors: Feng Peng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, I outline a reading of Mei in the Zhuangzi, taken to mean “beauty” or “the beautiful.” There is a possible anachronism involved in such an approach because mei is not central to Zhuangzi’s thinking. Nonetheless, I will argue that interesting points of relevance between Zhuangzi’s comments on mei and contemporary theories of beauty can be found and that an intercultural interpretation of mei and the beautiful can shed light on aspects of both traditional Chinese aesthetics and contemporary Western aesthetics by placing the two in conversation with one another. Zhuangzi seems to support neither relativism nor universalism in his understanding of beauty, though he touches on both relativist and universalist ideas. I argue there are certain superficial similarities between Zhuangzi’s aesthetics and positive aesthetics. But, on a deeper level, Zhuangzi advocates a form of negative aesthetics that is not dissimilar from those already prominent in contemporary Continental aesthetics, such as Christoph Menke, Gernot Böhme, and François Jullien. In this way, I highlight points for dialogue between Zhuangzi’s theory of beauty and contemporary discourse, as well as the ramifications of these ideas for thinking about the future of aesthetic education.
Knowledge and Learning in Arts Education: Neglecting Theory and Practice
Authors: Cannatella Howard 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Gaining traction in the profession is the belief that the arts are not educational. The evidence for this comes from epistemological reports. Plato drew a similar conclusion but without the meta-analysis and evidence-based pedagogical research approach that we have today. Epistemological reports state that learning in the arts is ineffective. What is effective and ineffective in teaching is subject to causal proof methodological assessments. Current knowledge-based educational thinking has assessed arts education as uncertain. Presumably, facts about artworks, art practices, art theories, art history, and human experiences that morphologize how arts education is taught have necessarily and accurately been taken into account when determining the arts as unproven. To be examined forthwith are the knowledge capabilities of arts education and the epistemological difficulties we seem to have in evaluating them.
Developing Aesthetic Taste
Authors: Fenner David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper explores how facts that lie beyond the formal properties of works of art are necessary for the development of aesthetic taste. The paper argues that taste may be educated, that an educated taste is better than a noneducated one, and that this education proceeds largely along the lines of learning contextual facts relevant to the appreciation of individual objects (and events), as well as ones relevant to genres and artforms. The paper offers arguments against the proposal that different tastes are incommensurable one with another. The paper begins with a comparison between considering a work of literature as literature or as simply calligraphy and in exploring what makes those two events different finds that the learning of the sorts of facts mentioned above are generally necessary for the development of taste.
INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS ON HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Abdel-Messeih Phebe Lotfy , Alkady Manal Mohamed , Nosseir Neveen Mostafa , Tawfik Mohamed Said 
Published: April 2020

Background: CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is an inflammatory chemokine that mediates renal infiltration of macrophages and activated T cells.Aim: To investigate serum levels of CXCL16 in patients undergoing hemodialysis and their correlation with other inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH).Methods: The study included 40 hemodialysis patients (22 males) and 40 age and gender-matched controls (24 males). Fasting blood sugar (FBS), urea, creatinine, calcium and inorganic phosphorous were assayed in participants using routine methods, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by quantitative chromatographic spectrophoto metry, iPTH by chemiluminescent microparticle immuno assay, CRP by nephelometry and CXCL16 by ELISA technique.Results: Serum CXCL16, CRP, PTH, FBS, urea, and creatinine levels were significantly higher in hemodialysis patients compared to controls (p<0.00001). No statistically significant differences were observed between patients and controls for calcium, phosphorous, and HbA1c. SerumCXCL16 levels correlated positively with CRP (r=0.956, p<0.00001) and iPTH (r=-0.403, p<0.001). Hemodialysis patients (diabetics or hypertensives) had significantly higher CXCL16 levels compared to non-diabetics or nonhypertensives.
Conclusions: High levels of serum CXCL16, CRP and iPTH reflect the inflammatory status of hemodialysis patients and help avoid complications. Serum CXCL16 could be used as a biomarker together with CRP in these patients.
Cláusulas antidiscriminatorias y motivos de discriminación en las Constituciones europeas
Authors: Ruiz Vieytez Eduardo J. 
Published: April 2020

Casi todas las constituciones europeas incluyen referencias expresas a la prohibición de discriminación, normalmente a través de la incorporación de cláusulas específica y exclusivamente orientadas a ello. A su vez, en la mayoría de dichas disposiciones constitucionales se incorporan listados de los factores o elementos que se consideran especialmente proclives a motivar una discriminación o diferencias que meritan una especial protección por parte del ordenamiento jurídico. Comparar y sistematizar los motivos concretos de discriminación que las constituciones europeas mencionan plantea en primer lugar una serie de dificultades metodológicas sobre las que es preciso advertir. Además de las barreras lingüísticas propias del análisis de textos producidos en idiomas diferentes, es necesario definir el ámbito de estudio tanto por la vertiente normativa como por la geopolítica. Una vez realizadas las necesarias acotaciones conceptuales previas, puede concluirse la existencia de ciertos patrones comunes tanto en cuanto a la redacción de las cláusulas constitucionales antidiscriminatorias como en cuanto a los listados de las diferencias expresamente protegidas o motivos de discriminación. Así, en la actualidad, muchas constituciones europeas incluyen referencias expresas a la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres, más allá de la inclusión de factores como el género o sexo entre los motivos explícitos de discriminación. Por lo que respecta a éstos, los factores cuya consideración se considera discriminatoria más ampliamente citados en las constituciones europeas incluyen la religión, el sexo o género, los rasgos fenotípicos, la lengua, las opiniones y convicciones, las condiciones sociales o económicas y el origen nacional o étnico. La posible agrupación de al menos tres cuartas partes de los motivos citados en torno a los factores mencionados demuestra patrones muy comunes al respecto en el Derecho constitucional comparado. Al mismo tiempo, solo parte de las constituciones incluyen cláusulas abiertas o motivos residuales, lo que puede dificultar la apreciación de discriminaciones múltiples de tipo interseccional. Es preciso también adaptar estas normas y su interpretación ante posibles discriminaciones futuras basadas en el uso masivo de datos individuales referidos simultáneamente a varios motivos de discriminación.
LECTURAS CONTEMPORÁNEAS DE CAROLINA CORONADO CON/SIN PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO: LAS ESCRITORAS ESPAÑOLAS ANTE “LA FLOR ROMÁNTICA”
Authors: ESTABLIER PÉREZ Helena 
Published: April 2020

Resumen: Este trabajo trata de identificar las primeras discordanciasen el recorrido del discurso crítico sobre la obra de la poetisa románticapor excelencia, Carolina Coronado, y relacionarlas con los indiciostempranos de una lectura de sus composiciones con perspectiva de género.Se estudian para ello los ensayos que tres escritoras contemporáneas,Carmen de Burgos, Margarita Nelken y Alfonsa de la Torre, dedican a lapoeta extremeña a lo largo de la primera mitad del siglo XX, tratando derevelar cómo en estos ejercicios de crítica literaria paralelos a la tradiciónvigente, se observan ciertas brechas interpretativas conectadas tanto conla posición autorial periférica de quienes los firman —mujeres inmersasen un contexto literario casi exclusivamente masculino— como con lasmarcas de género presentes en su objeto de estudio. Abstract: This paper focuses on the first mismatches observed in thecritical discourse about the Spanish romantic poetess Carolina Coronado,considering them as early signs of the application of a gender perspective in the contemporary readings of her compositions. To this end, we consider the essays dedicated to Carolina Coronado by three Spanish women authors —Carmen de Burgos, Margarita Nelken y Alfonsa de la Torre— in the first half of the twenteenth century, and we try to explain their gaps with the standing critical tradition attending to their peripheric position in a male Literary context as well as to the gender marks present on the subject of their studies, the poetry of Carolina Coronado.
DE ALTERIDADES Y MADRIGUERAS DE CONEJO: ESPACIALIDAD Y SIMBOLOGÍA EN LOS CUENTOS FANTÁSTICOS DE JULIO CORTÁZAR
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ BARCÓN Alberto 
Published: April 2020

Resumen: El artículo propone una revisión crítica de los principalesanálisis en torno a la dimensión espacial en los cuentos fantásticos de JulioCortázar hasta la fecha. A partir de este objetivo general, se sugieren doshipótesis de trabajo. Primero, confirmar aquellas teorías que señalan queel espacio es la estructura vertebral que sostiene su arquitectura fantásticay, segundo, que este espacio interactúa de manera interdependiente ydialógica con otros elementos escénicos hasta configurar una complejaurdimbre de símbolos y códigos que posibilitan el tránsito entre el mundoreal y el extraordinario en el imaginario literario cortazariano. Abstract: The article proposes a critical review of the main approachesabout the spatial dimension in Julio Cortázar’s fantastic stories to date.From this general objective, two working hypotheses are suggested. First,confirm those theories that indicate that space is the vertebral structurethat sustains its fantastic architecture and, second, that this space interactsin an interdependent and dialogical way with other scenic elements untilit forms a complex warp of symbols and codes that make possible thetransit between the real world and the extraordinary one in the cortazarianoliterary imaginary.
LA CÁMARA SANGRIENTA: TRANSTEXTUALIDAD Y TRANSMEDIALIDAD EN EL LIBRO ILUSTRADO
Authors: VIDAURE ARENAS Carmen V. 
Published: April 2020

Resumen: Analizamos La cámara sangrienta (2017) de AngelaCarter, ilustrada por Alejandra Acosta, a partir de aportaciones sobre latranstextualidad (Genette, 1989), las narrativas transmedia (Jenkins, 2003;Long, 2007; Scolari, 2013) y los volúmenes integrados (Brecia y Romano,2006). Buscamos dar prioridad al estudio de las variadas dinámicasintersemióticas, destacar la importancia de la contextualización y lascompetencias culturales de los receptores en los procesos de interpretación.El análisis de las ilustraciones permite observar la forma en que ponenen crisis su caracterización como elementos accesorios y destacar que elconcepto de traducción intersemiótica resulta inexacto para describir losfenómenos que se verifican en las obras ilustrada analizada. Abstract: We analyze The Bloody Chamber by Angela Carter, illustratedby Alejandra Acosta, from some contributions on transtextuality (Genette,1989), transmedia narratives (Jenkins, 2003; Long, 2007; Scolari, 2013)and integrated volumes (Brecia y Romano, 2006). We seek to givepriority to the study of the various intersemiotic dynamics, highlightingthe importance of contextualization and the cultural competencies of thereceivers. The analysis of the illustrations allows us to observe the wayin which they come to put in crisis their characterization as accessory elements or disconnected from the semiotic processes and to emphasize that the translation concept intersemiotic is inaccurate to describe some of the phenomena in the illustrated work.
VÍCTIMAS Y VERDUGOS: LA REPRESENTACIÓN DE LA PENA DE MUERTE EN EL CINE ESPAÑOL
Authors: GÓMEZ GARCÍA Concha 
Published: April 2020

Resumen: La ejecución por garrote vil fue un recurso punitivo habitual enEspaña hasta muy avanzado el siglo XX. Esta investigación aborda cómose ha representado en la cinematografía española tan espinoso asunto,centrándonos en argumentos basados en hechos reales. Analizaremoscómo algunos cineastas lo esquivaron o cómo otros fusionaron la herenciaesperpéntica, el sainete y la astracanada convirtiendo un film en el mejorproyectil contra la pena de muerte. Desde una estética opuesta obrasmás contemporáneas siguen mostrando la dificultad de la búsqueda dela verosimilitud narrativa en relatos que forman parte del imaginariocolectivo de un país. Abstract: Execution by garotte was a common punishing method in Spainuntil well into the 21st Century. This article will tackle the ways in whichSpanish cinema has dealt with this thorny matter, first focusing on plotsbased on real facts. Attention will be paid to how some filmmakers usedthe esperpento heritage, the one-act farce and the astracanada as an attackagainst the death penalty. Using different aesthetics, films nowadays stillexplore the difficulty to reach verisimilitude in stories that are part of thesocial imaginary of the country.
CULTURA SAMPLEADA EN LA BABEL CONTEMPORÁNEA. NOTAS SOBRE LA COLONIZACIÓN Y DEPREDACIÓN COMO PRÁCTICAS DISCURSIVAS
Authors: TRABADO CABADO José Manuel 
Published: April 2020

Resumen: En este artículo se trata de analizar las relaciones que establecenlas diferentes prácticas discursivas dentro del mundo audiovisualcontemporáneo y la influencia que unas ejercen en otras formando partede lo que podría venir a denominarse como cultura sampleada. La red derelaciones se hace cada vez más densa y los textos se saturan de significadoen un complejo proceso que obliga al receptor a construir una lectura queva siempre más allá del propio texto para dar sentido a los mensajes. Todoello se ejemplifica en el caso del spot televisivo de la compañía telefónicaespañola Movistar que se valió de discursos precedentes. Algunoshablaron de plagio, pero la cadena de relaciones era mucho más larga delo que indica un parecido evidente entre dos discursos. Cómo se modificanla esencia, las intenciones comunicativas y contextos pragmáticos es elobjeto de análisis de estas páginas. Abstract: This article attempts to analyze the relations established bythe various discursive practices found in the audiovisual world and theinfluence some of these strategies exert on each other within what couldbe known as sampled culture. The network of connections in this complex process becomes increasingly tangled and the texts saturate with meaning, thus forcing the receivers to construct a reading which always goes beyond the text itself in order to confer meaning on the messages. All this can be specifically illustrated by a TV commercial spot produced by the Spanish telephone company Movistar which made use of previous discourses. Although some people considered it plagiarism, the chain of connections was indeed much more intricate than that merely showing an evident similarity between two discourses. How the essence, communicative purposes and pragmatic contexts of these texts are modified is the object of analysis of the following pages.
NOTAS AL PIE DE GAZA (2009), DE JOE SACCO: REPRESENTACIÓN DEL CUERPO Y SU ROL CENTRAL COMO TESTIMONIO
Authors: MAC-MILLAN Mary Fleur 
Published: April 2020

Resumen: En este artículo analizamos la novela gráfica de Joe SaccoNotas al pie de Gaza (2009) centrándonos en las diversas representacionesdel cuerpo. Sacco aborda una compleja investigación sobre dos matanzascometidas por el ejército israelí sobre la población palestina de la Franjade Gaza en el año 1956. Distinguimos tres usos del cuerpo, los que aportandirectamente a la fuerza testimonial del relato: la fórmula cinegética, elcuerpo como cohesión social y el cadáver como persistencia. Abstract: In this article we analyze the graphic novel by Joe SaccoFootnotes in Gaza (2009), focusing on the different representations ofthe body. Sacco addresses a complex investigation into two massacrescommitted by Israel’s armed forces on the Palestinian population of theGaza Strip in 1956. We distinguish three uses of the body, which directlycontribute to the testimonial force of the story: the hunting formula, thebody as social cohesion and the corpse as persistence.