bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near-Earth object population and formation of lunar craters during the last billion of years
Authors: Ipatov Sergei I. , Feoktistova Ekaterina A. , Svetsov Vladimir V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe compared the number of lunar craters with diameters greater than 15 km with age less than 1.1 Gyr in the region of the Oceanus Procellarum with the estimates of the number of craters made based on the number of near-Earth objects and on the characteristic times elapsed before collisions of near-Earth objects with the Moon. Our estimates allow the increase of the number of near-Earth objects after a recent catastrophic disruption of a large main-belt asteroid. However, destruction of some old craters and variations in orbital distribution of near-Earth objects with time could allow that the mean number of near-Earth objects during the last billion years could be close to the present value.
Multiplicity study of T Tauri starsin the Lupus star forming region
Authors: Mugrauer M. , Ginski C. , Vogt N. , Neuhäuser R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe carried out a high contrast imaging search for (sub)stellar companions of young pre-main sequence stars in the Lupus star forming region. For this project we utilized NACO/ESO-VLT, operated at the Paranal observatory. On this poster, we presented the results of this survey. In several observing campaigns we could obtain diffraction limited deep IR imaging data and detected faint co-moving companions around our targets, whose astro- and photometry was determined in all observing epochs. The co-moving companions found in our survey exhibit angular separations in the range between about 0.1 and a few arcsecs, i.e. projected separations between about 10 and a few hundreds of au, at the average distance of our targets of about 140 pc. Beside several new binary and triple star systems, whose multiplicity was revealed in this survey, also faint co-moving companions in the substellar mass regime could be identified close to some of our targets.
Dust Trapping and Coagulation in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Li Ya-Ping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, we carry out two-fluid (gas+dust) hydrodynamical simulations on a large family of models in order to study the dust coagulation and the dust-gas dynamical processes in protoplanetary disks. Our theoretical effort is guided by the observational results of disks in nearby star forming regions at sub-millimeter and millimeter (mm) wavelengths. By a systematic comparison with the continuum emission at several mm bands from ALMA observations, we find that ringed structures are predicated in the unresolved faint disks for those with mm spectral indexes as low as about 2.0. Our parameter exploration can also be used to constrain the fragmentation velocity, one key parameter of the dust coagulation model, and some other disk parameters.
Constraints of habitability for the young Earth in a highly eccentric orbit
Authors: Pilat-Lohinger Elke , Kislyakova Kristina G. , Lammer Helmut , Johnstone Colin P. , Bancelin David , Bazsó Ákos 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThousands of planets outside the Solar system have been discovered, with exoplanets in different environments. Since we cannot expect to find an exoplanetary system fully resembling our Solar System, we consider a Solar System type configuration where the Earth moves in an eccentric orbit. We focus on young Earth 1 billion years ago, when the Sun’s extreme UV (EUV) flux was about 5 times higher than the current radiation. In case of eccentric motion of Earth, strong variations of the EUV flux would influence the evolution of the planet’s atmosphere (EUV radiation of 50 times the current EUV flux would be possible). Taking into account a certain amount of Nitrogen in the atmosphere of such a young Earth, we study the non-thermal loss of N2 over a long time interval. We therefore investigate to what extent eccentric motion will influence the conditions of habitability of a terrestrial planet.
The physical and chemical properties of planet forming disks
Authors: Kamp Inga 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVLT instruments and ALMA have revolutionized in the past five years our view and understanding of how disks turn into planetary systems. They provide exquisite insights into non-axisymmetric structures likely closely related to ongoing planet formation processes. The following cannot be a complete review of the physical and chemical properties of disks; instead I focus on a few selected aspects. I will review our current understanding of the physical properties (e.g. solid and gas mass content, snow and ice lines) and chemical composition of planet forming disks at ages of 1-few Myr, especially in the context of the planetary systems that are forming inside them. I will highlight recent advances achieved by means of consistent multi-wavelength studies of gas AND dust in protoplanetary disks.
Resolving star and planet formation with ALMA
Authors: Bjerkeli Per , Harsono Daniel , van der Wiel Matthijs H. D. , Ramsey Jon P. , Kristensen Lars E. , Jørgensen Jes K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDisks around young stars are the sites of planet formation. As such, the physical and chemical structure of disks have a direct impact on the formation of planetary bodies. Outflowing winds remove angular momentum and mass and affect the disk structure and therefore potentially planet formation. Until very recently, we have lacked the facilities to provide the necessary observational tools to peer into the wind launching and planet forming regions of the young disks. Within the framework of the Resolving star formation with ALMA program, young protostellar systems are targeted with ALMA to resolve the disk formation, outflow launching and planet formation. This contribution presents the first results of the program. The first resolved images of outflow launching from a disk were recently reported towards the Class I source TMC1A (Bjerkeli et al. 2016) where we also present early evidence of grain growth (Harsono et al. 2018).
Application of synthetic auxin herbicides to suppress seed viability of Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) in tall fescue seed production
Authors: Bobadilla Lucas K. , Hulting Andrew G. , Curtis Daniel W. , Mallory-Smith Carol 
Published: January 2020

AbstractItalian ryegrass is one of the most troublesome weeds worldwide because of the rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in this species. Oregon tall fescue seed production requires high seed purity, demanding good control of Italian ryegrass. The necessity to control herbicide-resistant Italian ryegrass and maintain tall fescue seed purity created interest in new chemical management options. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of synthetic auxin herbicides on seed viability of Italian ryegrass biotypes and the feasibility of this management strategy for use in tall fescue seed production. Eight treatments of synthetic auxin herbicides were applied to Italian ryegrass and tall fescue at two growth stages (boot and anthesis): dicamba (1.0 and 2.2 kg ae ha−1), 2,4-D (1.1 and 2.2 kg ae ha−1), aminopyralid (0.5 kg ae ha−1), dicamba + 2.4-D (0.8 + 1.1 kg ae ha−1), 2.4-D + clopyralid (1.1 + 0.3 kg ae ha−1), and halauxifen-methyl + florasulam (0.4 kg ae ha−1 + 0.4 kg ai ha−1). Aminopyralid applied at boot and anthesis stages of Italian ryegrass reduced seed viability. Aminopyralid treatments reduced seed viability and weight of Italian ryegrass more than 50% compared to the control. Four biotypes from different locations in western Oregon with different types of herbicide resistance were sprayed, and differences in aminopyralid effect among Italian ryegrass biotypes were documented. Aminopyralid reduced the speed of germination by 1 to 2 d. Aminopyralid treatments had a greater effect when applied at the anthesis stage and had a greater negative impact on tall fescue. Tall fescue plants were more susceptible to aminopyralid, so this management practice is not feasible for tall fescue seed production. Future studies are needed to understand the physiological mechanisms involved in the reduced seed viability and to define an optimum aminopyralid rate for different Italian ryegrass biotypes.
Cross-resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase–inhibiting herbicides conferred by a target-site mutation in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) from Argentina
Authors: Yanniccari Marcos , Gigón Ramón 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn Argentina,Loliumspp. occur in 40% of winter cereal crops from the Pampas. Several years ago, cases of glyphosate-resistant perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) were detected, and the use of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides to eradicate these plants has been considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of a putative pinoxaden-resistantL. perennepopulation to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. Around 80% of plants from the putative resistant population survived at a recommended dose of pinoxaden, and they produced viable seeds. The resistance indices (RIs) to pinoxaden were 5.1 and 2.8 for plant survival and seed production, respectively. A single point mutation that conferred a Asp-2078-Gly substitution in ACCase was the source of the resistance. To match the plant control achieved in the susceptible population, the resistant population required 5.4- and 10.4-fold greater doses of clethodim and quizalofop, respectively. RIs for viable seed production when treated with clethodim and quizalofop were 3.3 and 6.6, respectively. The Asp-2078-Gly mutation endowed significant levels of resistance to pinoxaden, clethodim, and quizalofop. For three herbicides, the level of resistance of a pinoxaden-resistantL. perennepopulation to ACCase inhibitors was evaluated, based on an evaluation of dose response for plant survival and seed production. The RIs were higher for plant survival than for seed production. In Argentina, the selection pressure associated with clethodim and haloxifop preplant application and pinoxaden use on wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) crops, would have favored the propagation of the Asp-2078-Gly mutation with its associated resistance.
Point‐Source Inversion of Small and Moderate Earthquakes From P‐wave Polarities and P/S Amplitude Ratios Within a Hierarchical Bayesian Framework: Implications for the Geysers Earthquakes
Authors: Shang Xueyi , Tkalčić Hrvoje 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCharacterizing seismic moment tensors of small‐ to moderate‐magnitude earthquakes (i.e., 2.5<M<4.0) still represents a challenge in observational seismology. To address this problem, inversion methods based on fitting the first‐motion polarity and/or the amplitude ratios of the recorded waves have been designed, and where possible, the full waveform inversions were also used. The inversions that include a combination of subsets of data are desirable, but the weighting of each subset is typically treated in an ad hoc manner. In order to circumvent this problem, here we develop a new method in a Bayesian framework, which apart from the model‐parameter means and uncertainties, also relaxes the weighting scheme as a free hyper‐parameter. We then rigorously test our proposed method for a range of representative focal mechanisms, each with a different level of noise. The proposed method constrains full moment‐tensors better than the methods that employ only the first polarity, the amplitude ratio subsets of data or a combination of all subsets with fixed weightings. We apply our method to three representative events of different magnitudes from the Geysers, California geothermal field (the 26 April 2011; Mw 3.90, the 30 January 2010; Mw 3.61, and the 6 January 2012; Mw 2.75 earthquakes). While there are similarities with the previous results, two of the events require significantly smaller double‐couple and higher positive isotropic components than previously estimated. This discrepancy in the obtained results has implications for the interpretation of physical mechanisms responsible for the seismicity in the Geysers. Overall, we demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method, which opens a way to analyze small‐ to moderate‐size events in different settings where the contribution of non‐double‐couple components in the seismic moment tensor is significant.
Influence of Floods, Tides, and Vegetation on Sediment Retention in Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana, USA
Authors: Olliver E. A. , Edmonds D. A. , Shaw J. B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSediment is the most valuable natural resource for deltaic environments because it is required to build new land. For land building to occur, sediment must be retained in the delta instead of being transported offshore. Despite this, we do not know what controls sediment retention within a delta. Here we use a calibrated numerical model of Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana, USA to analyze sediment retention for different riverine flood magnitudes, tidal amplitudes, and vegetation extents. Our results show that as riverine flood magnitude increases, areally averaged vertical accretion increases from 0.33 to 2 cm per 60‐day flood, but sediment retention decreases from 72% to 34%. For the uniform vegetation characteristics considered, the buffering effect, defined as the reduction of sediment flux onto the islands in the presence of vegetation, reduces the sediment flux onto the islands 14 to 22% on a fully vegetated delta. When sediment is transported onto the islands, vegetation enhances retention, which we refer to as the trapping effect, by ~10%. But, this does not offset the buffering effect, and vegetation decreases vertical accretion and retention in the delta up to 6% (or ~0.5 cm per 60‐day flood). We suggest that vegetation will increase sedimentation only when trapping compensates for buffering. Finally, greater tidal amplitude at higher discharges enhances vertical accretion by ~0.5 cm per 60‐day flood compared to smaller tidal amplitudes. These results provide insight on the mechanisms behind coastal systems growth, and suggest how sediment diversions might be operated more efficiently in deltas with reduced sediment supply.
Sensitivity Analysis‐Based Automatic Parameter Calibration of the VIC Model for Streamflow Simulations Over China
Authors: Gou Jiaojiao , Miao Chiyuan , Duan Qingyun , Tang Qiuhong , Di Zhenhua , Liao Weihong , Wu Jingwen , Zhou Rui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractModel parameter calibration is a fundamentally important stage that must be completed before applying a model to address practical problems. In this study, we describe an automatic calibration framework that combines sensitivity analysis (SA) and an adaptive surrogate modeling‐based optimization (ASMO) algorithm. We use this framework to calibrate catchment‐specific sensitive parameters for streamflow simulation in the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model with a 0.25° spatial resolution over 10 major river basins of China from 1960 to 1979. We found that three parameters—the infiltration parameter (B) and two of the soil depth parameters (D1, D2)—are highly sensitive in most basins, while other parameter sensitivities are strongly related to the dynamic environment of the basin. Compared with directly calibrating the seven parameters recommended for the default calibration procedure, our framework not only reduced the computing time by two thirds through opting out of insensitive parameters (type I error) but also improved the Nash‐Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) for optimized results when it identified a missing sensitive parameter (type II error) in the case study river basins. Results show that the SA‐based ASMO framework is an effective and efficient model‐optimization technique for matching simulated streamflow with observations across China. The NSE for monthly streamflow ranged from 0.75 to 0.97 and from 0.71 to 0.97 during the validation and calibration periods, respectively. The calibrated parameters can be applied directly in streamflow simulations across China, and the proposed calibration framework holds important implications for relevant simulation studies in other regions.
Accelerating development of high-risk neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft models for preclinical testing and personalised therapy
Authors: Kamili Alvin , Gifford Andrew J. , Li Nancy , Mayoh Chelsea , Chow Shu-Oi , Failes Timothy W. , Eden Georgina L. , Cadiz Roxanne , Xie Jinhan , Lukeis Robyn E. , Norris Murray D. , Haber Michelle , McCowage Geoffrey B. , Arndt Greg M. , Trahair Toby N. , Fletcher Jamie I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPredictive preclinical models play an important role in the assessment of new treatment strategies and as avatar models for personalised medicine; however, reliable and timely model generation is challenging. We investigated the feasibility of establishing patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of high-risk neuroblastoma from a range of tumour-bearing patient materials and assessed approaches to improve engraftment efficiency.MethodsPDX model development was attempted in NSG mice by using tumour materials from 12 patients, including primary and metastatic solid tumour samples, bone marrow, pleural fluid and residual cells from cytogenetic analysis. Subcutaneous, intramuscular and orthotopic engraftment were directly compared for three patients.ResultsPDX models were established for 44% (4/9) of patients at diagnosis and 100% (5/5) at relapse. In one case, attempted engraftment from pleural fluid resulted in an EBV-associated atypical lymphoid proliferation. Xenogeneic graft versus host disease was observed with attempted engraftment from lymph node and bone marrow tumour samples but could be prevented by T-cell depletion. Orthotopic engraftment was more efficient than subcutaneous or intramuscular engraftment.ConclusionsHigh-risk neuroblastoma PDX models can be reliably established from diverse sample types. Orthotopic implantation allows more rapid model development, increasing the likelihood of developing an avatar model within a clinically useful timeframe.
Physical activity and breast cancer risk: results from the UK Biobank prospective cohort
Authors: Guo Wenji , Fensom Georgina K. , Reeves Gillian K. , Key Timothy J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Previous studies suggest a protective role of physical activity in breast cancer risk, largely based on self-reported activity. We aimed to clarify this association by examining breast cancer risk in relation to self-reported physical activity, informed by accelerometer-based measures in a large subset of participants.

Methods
We analysed data from 47,456 premenopausal and 126,704 postmenopausal women in UK Biobank followed from 2006 to 2014. Physical activity was self-reported at baseline, and at resurvey in a subsample of 6443 participants. Accelerometer data, measured from 2013 to 2015, were available in 20,785 women. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression.

Results
A total of 3189 cases were diagnosed during follow-up (mean = 5.7 years). Women in the top compared with the bottom quartile of self-reported physical activity had a reduced risk of both premenopausal (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.60–0.93) and postmenopausal breast cancer (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.78–0.98), after adjusting for adiposity. In analyses utilising physical activity values assigned from accelerometer measurements, an increase of 5 milli-gravity was associated with a 21% (RR 0.79; 95% CI 0.66–0.95) reduction in premenopausal and a 16% (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73–0.96) reduction in postmenopausal breast cancer risk.

Conclusions
Greater physical activity is associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk, which appears to be independent of any association it may have on risk through its effects on adiposity.
Passively stable distribution of polarisation entanglement over 192 km of deployed optical fibre
Authors: Wengerowsky Sören , Joshi Siddarth Koduru , Steinlechner Fabian , Zichi Julien R. , Liu Bo , Scheidl Thomas , Dobrovolskiy Sergiy M. , Molen René van der , Los Johannes W. N. , Zwiller Val , Versteegh Marijn A. M. , Mura Alberto , Calonico Davide , Inguscio Massimo , Zeilinger Anton , Xuereb André , Ursin Rupert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) based on entangled photon pairs holds the potential for repeater-based quantum networks connecting clients over long distance. We demonstrate long-distance entanglement distribution by means of polarisation-entangled photon pairs through two successive deployed 96 km-long telecommunications fibres in the same submarine cable. One photon of each pair was detected directly after the source, while the other travelled the fibre cable in both directions for a total distance of 192 km and attenuation of 48 dB. The observed two-photon Bell state exhibited a fidelity 85 ± 2% and was stable over several hours. We employed neither active stabilisation of the quantum state nor chromatic dispersion compensation for the fibre.
Dynamical and thermal magnetic properties of the Kitaev spin liquid candidate α-RuCl3
Authors: Laurell Pontus , Okamoto Satoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhat is the correct low-energy spin Hamiltonian description of $$\alpha$$
α
-RuCl$$_{3}$$

3

? The material is a promising Kitaev spin liquid candidate, but is also known to order magnetically, the description of which necessitates additional interaction terms. The nature of these interactions, their magnitudes and even signs, remain an open question. In this work we systematically investigate dynamical and thermodynamic magnetic properties of proposed effective Hamiltonians. We calculate zero-temperature inelastic neutron scattering (INS) intensities using exact diagonalization, and magnetic specific heat using a thermal pure quantum states method. We find that no single current model satisfactorily explains all observed phenomena of $$\alpha$$
α
-RuCl$$_{3}$$

3

. In particular, we find that Hamiltonians derived from first principles can capture the experimentally observed high-temperature peak in the magnetic specific heat, while overestimating the magnon energy at the zone center. In contrast, other models reproduce important features of the INS data, but do not adequately describe the magnetic specific heat. To address this discrepancy we propose a modified ab initio model that is consistent with both magnetic specific heat and low-energy features of INS data.
A single dose of a vesicular stomatitis virus-based influenza vaccine confers rapid protection against H5 viruses from different clades
Authors: Furuyama Wakako , Reynolds Pierce , Haddock Elaine , Meade-White Kimberly , Quynh Le Mai , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Feldmann Heinz , Marzi Andrea 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe avian influenza virus outbreak in 1997 highlighted the potential of the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus to cause severe disease in humans. Therefore, effective vaccines against H5N1 viruses are needed to counter the potential threat of a global pandemic. We have previously developed a fast-acting and efficacious vaccine against Ebola virus (EBOV) using the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) platform. In this study, we generated recombinant VSV-based H5N1 influenza virus vectors to demonstrate the feasibility of this platform for a fast-acting pan-H5 influenza virus vaccine. We chose multiple approaches regarding antigen design and genome location to define a more optimized vaccine approach. After the VSV-based H5N1 influenza virus constructs were recovered and characterized in vitro, mice were vaccinated by a single dose or prime/boost regimen followed by challenge with a lethal dose of the homologous H5 clade 1 virus. We found that a single dose of VSV vectors expressing full-length hemagglutinin (HAfl) were sufficient to provide 100% protection. The vaccine vectors were fast-acting as demonstrated by uniform protection when administered 3 days prior to lethal challenge. Moreover, single vaccination induced cross-protective H5-specific antibodies and protected mice against lethal challenge with various H5 clade 2 viruses, highlighting the potential of the VSV-based HAfl as a pan-H5 influenza virus emergency vaccine.