bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH KARPET DI DESA CIKAOBANDUNG
Authors: Dirgantara Chandra Krisna 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pengolahan karpet dalam meningkatkan ekonomi di Desa Cikaobandung. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah anggota pengrajin kesetaraan dan mereka yang terlibat dalam kegiatan ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan masyarakat di Desa Cikaobandung melalui kegiatan pengolahan karpet mengikuti pertemuan pemberdayaan, yaitu menentukan lokasi kawasan, mensosialisasikan kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat, proses pemberdayaan masyarakat, dan kemandirian masyarakat. Penentuan daerah untuk menentukan bersama di mana pelaksanaan kegiatan pemberdayaan. Sosialisasi Kegiatan Pemberdayaan untuk merangkul masyarakat. Proses pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui implementasi kegiatan pengolahan karpet dengan memproduksi dan memasarkan kesetaraan demi ekonomi. Pada akhirnya kemandirian masyarakat untuk melakukan kualitas dan kualitas produksi, dan memenangkan jaringan wirausaha. Pendapatan orang yang bergabung meningkat. Sebelumnya mereka tidak berpenghasilan, sekarang mereka bisa mendapatkan penghasilan tetap sebesar Rp. 720.000 per bulan.
Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan, Masyarakat, Limbah, peningkatan, ekonomi
The Beliefs and	Practices of Bhutanese English Teachers in Teaching Grammar in English as a Second Language (ESL) Classroom in Bhutan
Authors: Pema Dendup  
Published: July 2020

This research aims to study the beliefs and practices of the Bhutanese English teachers about teaching English grammar in the Bhutanese ESL (English as Second Language) classrooms. English in Bhutan plays a vital role as a working language in offices, as a language of international communication, and a medium of instruction in the Bhutanese education system. Considering these multiple roles and its significance as a medium of instruction it is important to study the standard of English in Bhutan and work towards upholding its standard. Therefore; in this study, the teaching of grammar is considered as one essential aspect of teaching and learning English in schools. This study addresses questions on the Bhutanese teachers’ approaches to teaching grammar and their beliefs and practices in the classrooms. It also discusses some matters concerning the English curriculum besides focusing on grammar. To study and identify the Bhutanese English teachers’ beliefs about teaching English grammar, a total of 50 teachers from various schools from Bhutan were involved in this study. The findings from this study indicate that the Bhutanese teachers employ diverse approaches to the teaching of grammar, and among the various approaches most of the Bhutanese teachers follow the deductive method, followed by the inductive method, and there is a minority of teachers who still employ an obsolete method of teaching called lecture method. It is also worthy of note that some teachers in Bhutan are also aware of communicative approaches to language teaching and learning. The study also reflects the negative attitude of English teachers in Bhutan, especially in viewing English as a subject more challenging than other subjects.
The findings from this study indicate that the Bhutanese teachers employ diverse approaches to the teaching of grammar, and among the various approaches most of the Bhutanese teachers follow the deductive method, followed by the inductive method, and there is a minority of teachers who still employ an obsolete method of teaching called lecture method. It is also worthy of note that some teachers in Bhutan are also aware of communicative approaches to language teaching and learning. The study also reflects the negative attitude of English teachers in Bhutan, especially in viewing English as a subject more challenging than other subjects.
This particular research was an area of interest, because hardly any research has been conducted into the beliefs and practices of Bhutanese teachers, in particular teachers of English language. Therefore, this research has original and significant findings about the beliefs and practices of the Bhutanese English teachers about teaching English grammar.
THE AGGLOMERATIONS OF THE ANNALISTIC OVRUCH VOLOST
Authors: Tomashevskyi A. P. 
Published: July 2020

The unique phenomenon of the chronicle Ovruch volost — agglomerations and agglomeration areas including the largest in the region and not directly related to fortified chronicle settlements is analyzed in the paper. The high degree of archaeological exploration of the Ovruch volost made it possible to identify and determine the seven largest and, correspondingly, the most inhabited settlements which can be considered the agglomerations in the course of studying and reconstructing the settlement system. Some of these powerful complexes of sites (Ovruch, Norinsk, Gorodets) have already been specially analyzed in some papers. This work presents the results of study of three largest distinguished agglomerations — Naogryany-Khluplyany-Pokalyov, Khotin and Orlov-Fosni-Biduny.
The last two ones were discovered and examined just recently and are one of the most important discoveries of the Ovruch project which changed the views on the main features of the settlement system of the Ovruch volost and its unique features. The description of these complexes, their spatial and geographical structure, and paleonatural background are proposed. The internal planigraphic structure, area and configuration of the constituent parts of the agglomerations, their position and importance in the general and local settlement systems are analyzed. The features of material culture and the functional features of each of the studied agglomerations are determined separately. Indicators of the presence of the most important social and economic spheres of life of the agglomeration population are determined. Based on the synthetic analysis, the estimated sociopolitical and geo-strategic importance, economic and environmental specialization of these points and their likely demographic potential are determined.
The totality of the ascertained characteristics of the agglomerations determines their place and importance in the Ovruch volost, and wider — within the borders of Rus. The brief discussion regarding the atypical nature of such a phenomenon in the Old Rus Middle Ages is presented, and effective approaches to its explanation are determined. The discovery of such agglomeration formations changes the existing views on the status and hierarchy of Old Rus settlements, the definition of Old Rus cities and their typology. The important role and importance of the application of geographical approaches and methods for the study and comprehension of socioeconomic and physical-geographical research of the phenomenon of Old Rus agglomerations is postulated.
The urgent tasks of the special advanced study and preservation of agglomeration complexes as unique objects of historical and archaeological heritage are determined.
HISTORICAL TOPOGRAPHY OF LUBECH IN 10th—11th CENTURIES
Authors: Veremeychyk O. M. 
Published: July 2020

The antiquities of Lubech of the 10th — the beginning 11th century are represented by cultural layer, fixed on large territory, burial assemblages and structures (residential, household, defensive) of this time, as well as finds of hoards and single coins.
The complex of archaeological sites of Lubech 10th century consists of settlements, suburbs (posads) and burial mounds. Settlements are located along the edge of the indigenous terrace of the left bank of the Dnieper River (Lysa Gora, Zamkova Gora, Gorodische—1, settlement Monastyrische). Posads adjoining them from the east and south. Podil (down town) is located under the settlements, in the floodplain of the Dnieper river.
From the north, east and south, the territory of the city was surrounded by burial mounds. In 1947 O. O. Popko recorded 6 mound groups which were located in the central part of the settlement (Dubret site), on Lysa Gora (Mokriivshchina site), northwest of the settlement, near the Dnieper floodplain (Chabotok site), in the northern part of Lubech, on Visokomy Poli (Kolovoroty site), east of Lubech (Duhivschina site) and in the southern part of the settlement, near the Podolnitsky Gora (settlement Monastyrische), in Kurgan site. In 2017—19, the remains of mounds near house of P. Polubotok were also archaeologically recorded.
During the end of 19th — beginning 21st centuries in different mound groups of Lubech 39 burials 10th — early 11th centuries have been excavated. The diversity of burial rites in the mound groups of Lubech testifies of the variegated nature of the Lubech population at the initial stage of its existence.
Residential and household buildings of this time are recorded at Zamkova Gora, Horodysche 1 and Lubechposad. Some of them contained the hand-made and wheel-made pottery of Romenska culture. At the settlement Zamkova Gora the residential buildings of the 10th century which consisted of one row of structure were found. Three dwellings with clay ovens located in the southern corners of the structures were discovered. Ovens were built either using clay rollers or stone. In all constructions the hand-made pottery of Romenska culture was dominated but some fragments of early whel-made pottery were also occurred.
Two more residential buildings with Romenska culture hand-made ceramics were found at the posad of Lubech. The residential and utility buildings of the 10th century with the wheel-made pottery were also discovered. Some sites with the hand-made pottery of Romenska culture were partially excavated at the Horodysche 1.
Hoards and individual finds of Arab coins and single finds of Byzantine coins of 10th — beginning of 11th century come from Lubech.
Analyzing the archaeological material it can be concluded that Lubech probably originated at the turn of the 9th—10th centuries, and in the mid-10th century it was already the significant center of Eastern Europe.
«BUSURMENSKE» HILL-FORT ON THE IKVA RIVER
Authors: Pryadko O. O. 
Published: July 2020

The results of research and localization of the «Busurmenskoe» settlement, located on the left bank of the river Ikva between the village Voronkiv and Zatyshne of Boryspil district, Kiev region are presented in the paper. The main feature of the settlements is the presence of fortifications: this feature often helps to find them. But ditches and ramparts are have been often destroyed by plowing, residential, commercial or industrial activity. The history of research from the late 19th century is connected with such researchers as A. V. Storozhenko, P. G. Klepatsky, Y. Y. Morgunov, V. K. Kozyba. The remains of the fortifications were located on the left bank of the river Ikva (the Dnieper basin). The author carried out the survey of the area and has found that nowadays the visual fortifications are hardly traced — only the depression of the moat could be watched. The settlement had a rounded shape with diameter of 73 Ч 75 (0.5 ha). The width of the moat is 4—5 m. The spread of the surface finds such as the fragments of wheel-made pottery is watching around the acropolis within 310 Ч 280 m (ca. 8.68 ha). Obviously, the area of spread coincides with the approximate boundaries of the suburb (posad). Probably there was the fortified suburb around the acropolis characteristic of this type of fortification of the micro-region. The surface finds from the site is dated only to the Old Rus time. The largest number of finds is the fragments of the wheel-made pottery. Among them are 33 rims dated to the 12th — the first half of 13th century, fragments of bases, walls with incised decoration, and handles of vessels. The collection of finds is added by metallic items and the fragment of grinder. According to dating finds the site «Busurmenske» should be dated to 12th — the first half of the 13th century. The localized hill-fort complements the archaeological map of Old Rus sites of Pereyaslav region. The site needs further research and protecting measures.
SITES OF THE SLAVS IN THE TERNOPIL REGION
Authors: Yahodynska M. O. 
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the situation of Slavic sites study in the Ternopil region. By chronology the Slavic sites divide into 2 periods: the early (second half of the 5th—7th centuries) connected with time of the existence of the Prague culture, and the later (8th — first half of the 10th centuries) — the time of the existence of Raikovetska culture. Special attention is paid to the hill-forts and settlements near Terebovlia. Author describes the excavated dwellings and household buildings and analyzes the hand-made pottery discovered in the closed assemblages of settlements. The ceramic assemblages typical for each chronological period are researched. So, the findings of the hand-made pottery of the Chernyakhiv and the Welbark cultures together with Slavic one are typical for the early period of the Prague culture. The early period of the Raikovetska culture is characterized by the absence of pottery fragments. The assemblages of the late periods of the Raikovetska culture include about 15—20 % of early pottery. Among the hand-made pottery of the second half of the 5th—6th centuries only pots and bowls are present, and dripping pans are absent. The pottery has no ornament except the one case. Assemblages of the 8th century include pots and pans ornamented with finger nips. Set of pottery of the second half of the 9th — first half of the 10th centuries are characterized by hand-made pots, bowls, pans and dripping pans occurred together with early wheel-made pottery. This period is characterized by wide spread of hand-made pottery decorated by finger nips and early wheel-made pottery with line and wave ornament, sometimes together with recurrent fir-shaped ornament made by comb-shaped punch. The results of the study indicate that the region around Terebovlia on both banks of the Gnizna river was settled by the Slavs for a long time since the second half of the 5th — first half of the 10th centuries. The group of settlements in Terebovlia district can be considered as one of the Slavic «nests of settlements» in the Gnizna river basin. The hill-fort and two settlements of the Prague culture (settlements Krovinka I, Terebovlia V, Pidgaychyky III) and seven sites of the Raikovetska culture (settlements Terebovlia I, Terebovlia III, Terebovlia IV, Terebovlia IX, Terebovlia X, Krovinka II, Krovinka III) are placed near Terebovlia city.
RESIDUES OF THE PRODUCTION BUILDING ON KUDRYAVS’KA str. 24A IN KYIV
Authors: Kryzhanovskyi V. O. 
Published: July 2020

During the archaeological research of the Old Rus site on the Kudryavska st., 24A in Kyiv, in the historical area called «Kopyriv kinec», the remains of the manufactory building were discovered. The building has a frame-and-pillar structure, 4 Ч 4 m square, located in the eastern part of the excavation area. The stepped entrance adjoined the building from the southwest side. This building was cut in half by the modern building foundation. At its bottom, in addition to pits of different diameters, the small hearth was located. In the filling of the building a lot of various finds such as the fragments of various vessels, the objects from ferrous and non-ferrous metals, fragments of building materials, stone items, various slags, animal bones etc. were discovered. In the building filling the artifacts indicating its manufacture purpose have been discovered: the fragments of commercial copper — the raw materials for casting bronze products in the form of round rods with cross-sections with traces of chopping and riveting. Material for smelting followed by casting, like raw materials, used the colored scrap in the form of fragments of various copper or bronze products, melted and deformed under the influence of high temperature little bell, broken strips etc. Slag fragments, found in the building, clearly indicate the activity related to metal production and metal processing. Most likely, the main metallurgical workshop was placed nearby. Consequently, this manufactory building was probably the part of metallurgical complex. Obviously, it was engaged in the smelting of metal and the manufacture of non-ferrous metal items.
OLD RUS HOARD OF 2017 FROM THE OUTSKIRTS OF PEREIASLAV
Authors: Kolybenko O. V. , Pryadko O. O. , Teteria D. A. 
Published: July 2020

The article analyses the history of the discovery of hoards of the 11th—13th centuries in the Pereiaslav city and its vicinity. It is customary to consider that their list has been contained until recently only four hoards found in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: Pereiaslav (1884), Vitovtsi (1898), Pereiaslav (1912), Denysy (1912). For most of the twentieth — early twenty first centuries, no case of the hoard finding was officially recorded. But according to unofficial information such finds has indeed taken place. In 2017 the hoard of silver women’s adornment was accidentally found on a plowed field near Pereiaslav. The location of the find is at the low hill 40 meters from the left bank of the Alta river and 3.5 kilometers from the Annalistic Pereiaslav. In 2019 the hoard was transferred to the collection of the National Historical and Ethnographic Reserve «Pereiaslav». The hoard consists of 30 items: 2 temple rings, 4 lunulae, 6 beads, 7 coin pendants (cupic dirhams), 2 bracelets, 2 finger rings, 3 belt plates and 4 plaques. All items of the hoard dated to the 10th—11th centuries. The hoard was hidden, apparently, at the end of the 11th century. It significantly differs from all hoards used to be found in Pereiaslav Region. This is the set of personal adornment of one noble woman from Pereiaslav. The items allow you to ascertain the standard set of jewelry of a wealthy woman who did not belong to the princely rank. The hoard was hidden in the moment of danger but the owner never could take it back.
BYZANTINE GLAZED CERAMICS OF THE 13th CENTURY IN THE CRIMEA (short review)
Authors: Teslenko I. B. 
Published: July 2020

Despite political and military upheaval in Byzantium in the 13th century, the most important of which were the conquest of Constantinople and the central territories of the empire by the Latins in 1204, and then the restoration of the state and the return of the capital by Michael VIII Palaeologus in 1261, the manufacture of marketable glazed tableware on its historical territory had not stopped. Moreover, delivery of this ceramic into the territory of the Crimea also continued. This was largely due to the new owners of the maritime market — Italian merchants, first Venetians, and then Genoese, who were active participants of the political and military conflicts in the Eastern Mediterranean and Byzantium. At the same time, the composition of the imported ceramic was not stable. Finds from well-dated archaeological deposits known from the excavations of archaeological sites in the Crimea, as well as the surrounding area, provide the information as for the volume of the Byzantine import and changes in the imported pottery assemblage during the 13th century. First of all, these are the cultural remains with the layers of fire and destruction on the territory of the medieval towns in southern and south-western Crimea with the coins of 1250—1260s; shipwreck near the Novy Svet village south-west to Sudak, which wrecked not earlier than 1260—1270s; two pits in the harbor part of Soldaia / Sudak with coins of the 1266 and 1270s, which, according to stratigraphy, were filled after the mentioned catastrophe; sites in south-eastern Crimea with coins of the last quarter of the 13th — early 14th century, so on. Correlation of data from these contexts leads to the following conclusions. 1. Quantity of Byzantine ceramics imported into Crimea during the 13th century was quite significant. It accounts for up to 70 % and more of the ceramics assemblages. 2. The range of glazed ware remained approximately the same from the beginning until the middle — third quarter of the 13th century. The MBP (mainly «Incised Sgraffito Ware», less often «Champlevй» and others); GWW with monochrome green glaze as well as green and brown painted variants; «Zeuxippus Ware» (class IА&II) prevailed. 3. Since the last third of the 13th century less elegant and cheaper vessels («Sgraffito with Concentric Circles», jugs with stripes of white engobe) from different workshops, which in large quantities arise on the Byzantine and surrounding lands, start to come to the Crimea and Northern Black Sea Region. Their activities were stimulated by the intensification of maritime trade and the growing demand for cheap glazed pottery. 4. Cessation of some groups of import, especially MBP from Chalcis, may be due to the ousting of the Venetians from the Crimean market and their temporary difficulties with novation in the Black Sea after 1261. At the same time, the sales crisis could lead to the decline of some large pottery centers and to the emergence of new focused on more promising trading intermediaries, which the Genoese became.
BALTS ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE IN THE OLD RUS PERIOD. ANTROPOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: Rudych Т. O. 
Published: July 2020

The morphological similarities between the people buried in the cemeteries of Old Rus period from the territory of Ukraine and Balts population of the 12th—13th centuries were found. The samples used in this research are combined series of sculls from Volyn and drevlian’s fields, the group from Vozviagel, the little series from Jagniatyn, the group from Zelenyi Gai (barrows), and the group from Medzybizh.
In the population buried in several cemeteries of the period of Old Rus the morphological complex characteristic for Baltic populations could be seen due to the ancient anthropological substrate. At the territory of Ukraine the areas of the big ethnic massifs were overlapped. North regions bordered with Baltic ethnic space or belonged to its periphery in different chronological periods. The inflow of some groups from the Baltic Sea region has been seen also during the Old Rus period. The traces of migrations of the 10th—13th centuries can be observed by the typical Baltic elements in the burial rites of the local cemeteries.
The Medzybizh osteological sample turned out to be the most informative for anthropologists. Despite of the fact that all of the individuals belong to the circle of northern European people, the craniological analysis revealed some morphological heterogeneity of the people originating from paired burials. This concerned both male and female groups. For this population is characterized by the strong body structure and the high intravital body stature — 175.6 cm for male.
The intergroup analysis was performed by several statistical methods for different numbers of groups (Systat software package). In course of this the skulls sample of Medzybizh paired burials was included to the Baltic massif. It reveals slightly greater statistical closeness to the population from the Zamait lands.
The anthropological study showed that in the paired burials of the Medzybizh burial ground the people which had morphological similarity to the populations of the anthropological type spread in the Baltic region were buried. Some male possibly died during the armed conflict. The osteological features posed them as the probable cavalrymen. Presents of the females, who had similar morphological characteristics, in their graves, allows assuming that the wives came with warriors from the Baltic territories.