bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical and mechanical resistance of novel experimental hybrid coatings on dentin permeability
Authors: Oliveira Tatiane Alexandre , Anágua‐Bravo Ernesto , Aoki Idalina Vieira , Scaramucci Taís , Sobral Maria Angela Pita 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the capacity of novel experimental hybrid coatings (HC) to reduce dentin permeability and to verify their resistance to erosive and abrasive challenges. Dentin disc specimens (1 mm thick) were treated with 0.5 M EDTA solution and randomly allocated into three experimental groups (n = 10): Control (Saliva); Concentrated Hybrid Coating (TEOS/GPTMS/Y‐APS); and Diluted Hybrid Coating (1:3 ratio with distilled water). Dentin permeability was assessed by hydraulic conductance in the following experimental time periods: post‐EDTA, post treatment, post erosion (5 min in 0.05 M citric acid solution, pH = 3.8), and post abrasion (toothbrushing for 3,900 cycles). Dentin permeability percent was calculated with respect the values of post‐EDTA for each experimental time. The morphology of the surface of extra dentin specimens was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the same time periods (n = 3). Permeability data were analyzed by two‐way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < .05). Both HC presented significantly lower dentin permeability than control post treatment and post erosion (p < .05), without difference between them (p > .05). Post abrasion, there were no significant difference among groups (p > .05). Post treatment and post erosion, the HC seemed to flow into the tubules, occluding them, while the tubules in control remained opened. Post abrasion, the tubules appear to be occluded in all groups. In conclusion, the experimental hybrid coatings were capable of reducing dentin permeability after treatment. They were also able to resist to erosive and abrasive challenges, with the advantage of forming thinner and colorless films that can be potentially used to treat dentin hypersensitivity.
Neutrophil calprotectin identifies severe pulmonary disease in COVID-19
Authors: Shi Hui , Zuo Yu , Yalavarthi Srilakshmi , Gockman Kelsey , Zuo Melanie , Madison Jacqueline A , Blair Christopher , Woodward Wrenn , Lezak Sean P , Lugogo Njira L , Woods Robert J , Lood Christian , Knight Jason S , Kanthi Yogendra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are regularly complicated by respiratory failure. Although it has been suggested that elevated levels of blood neutrophils associate with worsening oxygenation in COVID-19, it is unknown whether neutrophils are drivers of the thrombo-inflammatory storm or simple bystanders. To better understand the potential role of neutrophils in COVID-19, we measured levels of the neutrophil activation marker S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) in hospitalized patients and determined its relationship to severity of illness and respiratory status. Patients with COVID-19 (n = 172) had markedly elevated levels of calprotectin in their blood. Calprotectin tracked with other acute phase reactants including C-reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and absolute neutrophil count, but was superior in identifying patients requiring mechanical ventilation. In longitudinal samples, calprotectin rose as oxygenation worsened. When tested on day 1 or 2 of hospitalization (n = 94 patients), calprotectin levels were significantly higher in patients who progressed to severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation (8039 ± 7031 ng/ml, n = 32) as compared to those who remained free of intubation (3365 ± 3146, P &lt; 0.0001). In summary, serum calprotectin levels track closely with current and future COVID-19 severity, implicating neutrophils as potential perpetuators of inflammation and respiratory compromise in COVID-19.
Subcritical water extraction of organic acids from chicken manure
Authors: Sushkova Svetlana , Minkina Tatiana , Chaplygin Victor , Nevidomskaya Dina , Rajput Vishnu , Bauer Tatiana , Mazarji Mahmoud , Bren Anzhelica B , Popov Igor , Mazanko Maria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDChicken manure waste has a wide range of organic substances and mineral elements. This enriched source has stimulated great scientific interest in finding cleaner and more environmentally benign nutrient recovery options. This study aimed to determine an effective and eco‐friendly method (i.e. subcritical water extraction) for processing fresh poultry manure.RESULTSThe high content of total organic carbon, including humic acids carbon and fulvic acids carbon, in extract was found to release under subcritical conditions. The organic compounds obtained by extraction with subcritical water correspond to humic acid in composition because of the presence in the sample of all the functional groups: polymer bonded by molecular hydrogen bond (3400 cm−1), the presence of CH2 and CH3 groups (2870 cm−1), the presence of carboxyl groups (1720 cm−1) and quinones (1640–1680 cm−1). The solid phase left over was characterized by a high content of organic carbon, phosphorus, potassium, and microelements. The maximum extraction of humic acid and fulvic acid carbon was found between 210 and 250 °C at a pressure of 50–60 atm, and the content was a maximum of 3647.2 × 10−6 g kg−1 at an extraction temperature of 250 °C.CONCLUSIONGiven the high content of humic acid found in the extracted medium, the proposed subcritical extraction opens up new opportunities for nutrients recovery in the poultry industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Metabolic profiling reveals alterations in the erythrocyte response to fava bean ingestion in G6PD‐deficient mice
Authors: Du Guankui , Xiao Man , Chen Bochen , Wang Ao , Zhu Qiwei , Cai Wangwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFavism is an acute hemolytic syndrome caused by fava bean (FB) ingestion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible influences of FB on the metabonomic profile of erythrocytes in glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)‐deficient (G6PDx) and wild‐type (WT) mice.RESULTSNinety‐two metabolites were identified in the comparison of the G6PDx and WT groups. Eighty‐seven metabolites were identified in the erythrocytes of WT and G6PDx mice after FB ingestion. Thirty‐eight metabolites were identified in the comparison of the FB‐treated G6PDx and the FB‐treated WT mouse groups. Among them, the number of glycerophospholipids (GPLs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) changed significantly, which suggests that GPLs and PUFAs may be responsible for FB stress.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that G6PD deficiency might affect the metabonomic profile of erythrocytes in response to FB. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Runoff and sediment yield from forested catchments under varying management intensities: Insights from a subtropical region of Brazil
Authors: Ogasawara Matheus E. K. , Santos Gláucia R. , Cassiano Carla C. , Wemple Beverley C. , Ferraz Silvio F. B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStreams have tolerance limits to certain environmental conditions, high levels of sediment can influence water quality and, consequently, aquatic life and human health. Considerable research in temperate forest ecosystems has elucidated the dynamics of suspended sediment export and the role of forest management on changing sediment yields, but fewer studies for subtropical regions exist. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of forest management on suspended sediment export under varying forest cover and management conditions in subtropical Brazil. Three catchments, with different management systems, were evaluated: eucalyptus forest plantation with even‐age stands management (EUC), native forest (NAT), and mosaic of forests plantation with different species and ages (MOS), located in southeastern Brazil. Streamflow, precipitation and turbidity data were collected by pressure transducers, automatic rain gauge and YSI 6136 turbidity sensors, respectively, during the period from November 2016 to October 2017. The suspended sediment yield was estimated through a relationship between turbidity and suspended sediment concentration. The results showed that sediment export ranged from 0.032 Mg ha−1yr−1to 0.411 Mg ha−1yr−1. The catchments studied presented a low sediment export rate, compared to other studies conducted in forested settings worldwide. Our results provide insights into the high‐frequency sediment production dynamics of Brazilian forested catchments and demonstrate that, regardless of the forest management system applied in the area, native or exotic planted forests are capable of protecting the soil and minimizing the effects of sediments export.
Adenine‐Functionalized Supramolecular Micelles for Selective Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Ilhami Fasih Bintang , Alemayehu Yihalem Abebe , Fan Wen‐Lu , Tsai Hsieh‐Chih , Kao Chen‐Yu , Cheng Chih‐Chia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFunctional supramolecular micelles containing self‐complementary multiple hydrogen bonding adenine groups (A‐PPG) can spontaneously self‐assemble into stable nanosized micelles in aqueous solution. These micelles can be used to selectively deliver anticancer drugs to cancer cells and effectively promote tumor cell death via apoptosis, without harming normal cells. The drug‐loaded micelles exhibit tunable drug‐loading capacity and rapid pH‐triggered drug release under acidic conditions, as well as a high drug‐entrapment stability in serum‐rich media due to the reversible hydrogen‐bonded adenine–adenine interactions within the micellar interior; these properties are critical to achieving effective chemotherapeutic drug delivery and controlled drug release. In vitro assays show that the drug‐loaded micelles exert significant cytotoxic effects on cancer cells, with minimal effects on normal cells under physiological conditions. Cytotoxicity assays using A‐PPG micelles loaded with different anticancer drugs confirm these effects. Importantly, cellular internalization and flow cytometric analyses demonstrate that the adenine moieties within A‐PPG micelles significantly increase selective endocytic uptake of the supramolecular micelles by cancer cells, which in turn induce apoptotic cell death and substantially enhance the response to chemotherapy. Thus, A‐PPG micelles can improve the safety and efficacy of cancer chemotherapy.
General corrosion of carbon steel in a synthetic concrete pore solution
Authors: Qiu Jie , Macdonald Digby D. , Xu Yi , Sun Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we reviewed our recent work on the general corrosion of carbon steel (P355QL2) overpack material for the isolation of high‐level nuclear waste in Belgium's supercontainer concept. By using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and by optimizing the mixed potential model, which incorporates quantum mechanical tunneling of charge carriers across the barrier layer to describe the kinetics of the partial cathodic process, we evaluated all parameters in the model as a function of independent variables such as voltage, temperature, and pH. By delineating the partial anodic and cathodic processes, we found that the corrosion rate (CR) is independent of voltage over the voltage range from 0.2 to −1.0 VSHE, which is predicted to be experienced in the repository. Furthermore, the CR is found to increase strongly with decreasing pH and increasing temperature.
MYT1 role in the microtia‐craniofacial microsomia spectrum
Authors: Luquetti Daniela V. , Heike Carrie L. , Zarante Ignacio , Timms Andrew E. , Gustafson Jonas , Pachajoa Harry , Porras‐Hurtado Gloria L. , Ayala‐Ramirez Paola , Duenas‐Roque Milagros M. , Jimenez Natalia , Ibanez Lina M. , Hurtado‐Villa Paula 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCraniofacial microsomia (CFM), also known as the oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum, comprises a variable phenotype with the most common features including microtia and mandibular hypoplasia on one or both sides, in addition to lateral oral clefts, epibulbar dermoids, cardiac, vertebral, and renal abnormalities. The etiology of CFM is largely unknown. The MYT1 gene has been reported as a candidate based in mutations found in three unrelated individuals. Additional patients with mutations in this gene are required to establish its causality. We present two individuals with CFM that have rare variants in MYT1 contributing to better understand the genotype and phenotype associated with mutations in this gene.Methods/ResultsWe conducted genetic analysis using whole‐exome and ‐genome sequencing in 128 trios with CFM. Two novel MYT1 mutations were identified in two participants. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm these mutations.ConclusionWe identified two additional individuals with CFM who carry rare variants in MYT1, further supporting the presumptive role of this gene in the CFM spectrum.
A compact flower slotted dual band notched ultrawideband antenna integrated with Ku band for ultrawideband, medical, direct broadcast service, and fixed satellite service applications
Authors: Devana V. N. Koteswara Rao , Rao A. Maheswara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA compact flower slotted antenna (FSA) for dual band eliminated ultrawideband (UWB) integrated with Ku band applications is proposed. The basic FSA with modified ground structure is utilized for obtaining fractional bandwidth of 137% (3.45‐18.45 GHz). The dual band eliminated frequencies are achieved by a via hole to eliminate 5.39 to 5.90 GHz (upper WLAN band) frequencies and by utilizing symmetrical inverted L‐shaped parasitic elements to notch 7.30 to 7.75 GHz (downlink of X‐ band satellite communication link) frequencies. The FSA is having a compact size of 16 × 22 mm2 printed on low cost FR‐ 4 substrate with two band notched characteristics, nearly omnidirectional radiation characteristics and stable gain over UWB frequency range makes it suitable for portable UWB systems.
Accuracy of cardiac‐induced brain motion measurement using displacement‐encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): A phantom study
Authors: Nwotchouang Blaise Simplice Talla , Eppelheimer Maggie S. , Biswas Dipankar , Pahlavian Soroush Heidari , Zhong Xiaodong , Oshinski John N. , Barrow Daniel L. , Amini Rouzbeh , Loth Francis 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe goal of this study was to determine the accuracy of displacement‐encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) MRI in a tissue motion phantom with displacements representative of those observed in human brain tissue.MethodsThe phantom was comprised of a plastic shaft rotated at a constant speed. The rotational motion was converted to a vertical displacement through a camshaft. The phantom generated repeatable cyclical displacement waveforms with a peak displacement ranging from 92 µm to 1.04 mm at 1‐Hz frequency. The surface displacement of the tissue was obtained using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) before and after the DENSE MRI scans to check for repeatability. The accuracy of DENSE MRI displacement was assessed by comparing the laser Doppler vibrometer and DENSE MRI waveforms.ResultsLaser Doppler vibrometer measurements of the tissue motion demonstrated excellent cycle‐to‐cycle repeatability with a maximum root mean square error of 9 µm between the ensemble‐averaged displacement waveform and the individual waveforms over 180 cycles. The maximum difference between DENSE MRI and the laser Doppler vibrometer waveforms ranged from 15 to 50 µm. Additionally, the peak‐to‐peak difference between the 2 waveforms ranged from 1 to 18 µm.ConclusionUsing a tissue phantom undergoing cyclical motion, we demonstrated the percent accuracy of DENSE MRI to measure displacement similar to that observed for in vivo cardiac‐induced brain tissue.
"Warmherzig, aber nüchtern und klar": Interview mit Helmut Ringsdorf
Authors: Remenyi Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVor einhundert Jahren postulierte Hermann Staudinger das Konzept der Makromoleküle und wurde zum Pionier dieses Chemiezweigs. Helmut Ringsdorf, der letzte Diplomand Staudingers, erzählt von einem Wissenschaftler, der seiner Zeit voraus war – in mehrerer Hinsicht.
Dämmplatten, Klebstoffe, Motoröl
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie Universitäten bilden Polymerchemiker zu Experten aus, die Industrie verwandelt sie in Generalisten. Drei Chemikerinnen und ein Chemiker berichten über ihren Berufseinstieg bei Kunststoffherstellern und wie es weiterging.
Optimal control problems with Atangana‐Baleanu fractional derivative
Authors: Tajadodi Haleh , Khan Aziz , Francisco Gómez‐Aguilar José , Khan Hasib 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we study fractional‐order optimal control problems (FOCPs) involving the Atangana‐Baleanu fractional derivative. A computational method based on B‐spline polynomials and their operational matrix of Atangana‐Baleanu fractional integration is proposed for the numerical solution of this class of problems. With this numerical technique, the FOCPs are reduced to a system of equations which are solved for the unknown parameters with the help of Mathematica® software. Our results show the applicability and usefulness of the numerical technique.
Media framing of spiders may exacerbate arachnophobic sentiments
Authors: Mammola Stefano , Nanni Veronica , Pantini Paolo , Isaia Marco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Spiders are able to arouse strong emotional reactions in humans. While spider bites are statistically rare events, our perception is skewed towards the potential harm spiders can cause to humans. Nevertheless, there is still limited understanding of the role of the media in spreading (mis)information about them thereby promoting this distorted perception of risk.

We examined the human dimension of spiders through the lens of traditional media, by analysing spider‐related news published online in Italian newspapers between 2010 and 2020 (n = 314). We assessed the accuracy, circulation and sensationalistic content of each article, and assessed how each of these features drove news' share on social media.

We observed a recent, exponential increase in the frequency of the news, particularly those focused on medically important spiders—the Mediterranean black widow Latrodectus tredecimguttatus and the Mediterranean recluse Loxosceles rufescens. The news quality was generally poor: 70% contained different types of error, 32% were sensationalistic, and in virtually none was an expert consulted.

The risk scenario depicted by the media reports was unnecessarily alarmist, especially with regard to L. rufescens. A conservative estimate would suggest that less than 10% of the bites reported in the media reports analysed here were delivered by the species described in the report. Moreover, two out of three casualties associated with a bite of the Mediterranean recluse were fake news, while the third was unverifiable.

Overstated news referring to spider bites was shared significantly more on social media, thus contributing to frame a distorted perception of the risk. This is important given that these negative sentiments may ultimately lead to lowering public tolerance towards spiders and reducing conservation efforts towards them. We discuss open questions and avenues for future research concerning the media coverage of widely feared animals, that will help bridge knowledge gaps regarding the role of traditional and social media in framing our perception of the natural world.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Analysis of immune‐related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database
Authors: Hasegawa Shiori , Ikesue Hiroaki , Nakao Satoshi , Shimada Kazuyo , Mukai Ririka , Tanaka Mizuki , Matsumoto Kiyoka , Inoue Misaki , Satake Riko , Yoshida Yu , Goto Fumiya , Hashida Tohru , Nakamura Mitsuhiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of our study was to characterize the clinical features of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in a real‐world setting using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.MethodsThe irAEs were defined using the preferred terms of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. irAEs were categorized as follows: adrenal insufficiency, colitis, eye diseases, hematological disorder, hepatitis, hyperthyroidism, hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, myasthenia gravis, myocarditis, nephritis/renal dysfunction, pneumonitis, rash, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. We used several indices such as reporting odds ratio (ROR) to assess disproportionality in pharmacovigilance data, time‐to‐onset analysis using Weibull shape parameters, and the association rule mining technique to evaluate possible risk factors between variables in the spontaneous reporting system database.ResultsThe JADER database contained 534 688 reports from April 2004 to June 2018. The RORs of pneumonitis including interstitial lung disease for nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab were 7.02 (95% confidence interval: 6.55‐7.52), 9.08 (8.28‐9.97), and 1.74 (1.27‐2.38), respectively. The median onsets (quartiles, 25‐75%) of myocarditis caused by nivolumab and pembrolizumab were 28.0 (15.5‐60.5) and 18.0 (13.0‐44.5) days, respectively. Co‐therapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab may be associated with irAEs in several categories as per the association rule mining analysis.ConclusionOur results demonstrated a potential risk of irAEs associated with ICIs, based on RORs and time‐to‐onset analysis. Furthermore, our findings indicated that patients receiving nivolumab and ipilimumab as co‐therapy should be carefully monitored.
Polymer/liquid crystal nanocomposites for energy storage applications
Authors: Labeeb A. M. , Ibrahim S. A. , Ward A. A. , Abd‐El‐Messieh S. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh‐dielectric constant (high‐K) polymer nanocomposites based on nematic liquid crystals and CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) nanoparticles have been prepared. The host matrix is polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) in which LC (E7) droplets are dispersed in different polymer blends ratios of poly vinyl chloride/poly aniline (PVC/PANI). The PDLC (PVC/PANI/E7) in the appropriated ratios; (90/10/5), (75/25/5), and (50/50/5) were composited with 10 wt% CCTO nanoparticles. The IR spectra recorded for the PDLC nanocomposites present a spectrum similar to that of pure PDLC but with a slight shift of the peak positions. The addition of PANI and CCTO to PDLC enhances the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. SEM demonstrates agglomerates of CCTO dispersed in the polymer textures. Moreover, the addition of E7 facilitates the integration of PANI in PDLC matrix. The broadband dielectric spectrum shows high‐frequency relaxation in addition to low‐frequency interfacial polarization (Maxwell‐Wagner type polarization). Besides, ε′ at 50 Hz is in the order of 105 for PDLC/CCTO (50/50/5/10) nanocomposite. In addition, the computed energy density is found to be 74.66 J/cm3. This presumed ratio could be accentuated as a potential candidate for energy storage application with respect to the considerations of device fabrications.