bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barred Galaxies in the Illustris-1 and TNG100 Simulations: A Comparison Study
Authors: Zhou Ze-Bang , Zhu Weishan , Wang Yang , Feng Long-Long 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We carry out a comparison study on the bar structure in the Illustris-1 and TNG100 simulations. At z = 0, 8.9% of 1232 disk galaxies with stellar masses

in Illustris-1 are barred, while the numbers are 55% of 1269 in TNG100. The bar fraction as a function of stellar mass in TNG100 agrees well with the survey

. The median redshifts of bar formation are ∼0.4–0.5 and ∼0.25 in TNG100 and Illustris-1, respectively. Bar fraction generally increases with stellar mass and decreases with gas fraction in both simulations. For galaxies with bars at z = 0, their bar formation time is generally anti-correlated with their gas fraction at high redshift. When the bars were formed, the disk gas fractions were mostly lower than 0.4. The much higher bar fraction in TNG100 probably benefits from the much lower gas fractions in massive disk galaxies since z ∼ 3, which may result from the combination of more effective stellar and AGN feedback. The latter may be the primary factor at z < 2. Meanwhile, in both simulations, barred galaxies have higher star formation rates before bar formation and have stronger AGN feedback, at all times, than unbarred galaxies. The properties of dark matter halos hosting massive disk galaxies are similar between the two simulations and should have a minor effect on the frequencies of different bars. For individual galaxies under similar halo environments across the two simulations, different baryonic physics can lead to striking discrepancies in morphology. The morphologies of individual galaxies are subject to the combined effects of environment and internal baryonic physics and are often not predictable.
Requirements for Gravitational Collapse in Planetesimal Formation—The Impact of Scales Set by Kelvin–Helmholtz and Nonlinear Streaming Instability
Authors: Gerbig Konstantin , Murray-Clay Ruth A. , Klahr Hubert , Baehr Hans 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The formation of planetesimals is a challenging problem in planet formation theory. A prominent scenario for overcoming dust growth barriers is the gravitational collapse of locally over-dense regions, shown to robustly produce ∼100 km–sized objects. Still, the conditions under which planetesimal formation occurs remain unclear. For collapse to proceed, the self-gravity of an over-density must overcome stellar tidal disruption on large scales and turbulent diffusion on small scales. Here, we relate the scales of streaming and Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI), which both regulate particle densities on the scales of gravitational collapse, directly to planetesimal formation. We support our analytic findings by performing 3D hydrodynamical simulations of streaming and KHI and planetesimal formation. We find that the vertical extent of the particle mid-plane layer and the radial width of streaming instability filaments are set by the same characteristic length scale, thus governing the strength of turbulent diffusion on the scales of planetesimal formation. We present and successfully test a collapse criterion, 0.1Q β ϵ
−1
Z
−1 ≲ 1, and show that even for solar metallicities, planetesimals can form in dead zones of sufficiently massive disks. For a given gas Toomre parameter Q, pressure gradient β, metallicity Z, and local particle enhancement ϵ, the collapse criterion also provides a range of unstable scales, instituting a promising path for studying initial planetesimal mass distributions. Streaming instability is not required for planetesimal collapse but, by increasing ϵ, can evolve a system to instability.
The Host Galaxies and Progenitors of Fast Radio Bursts Localized with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
Authors: Bhandari Shivani , Sadler Elaine M. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Simha Sunil , Ryder Stuart D. , Marnoch Lachlan , Bannister Keith W. , Macquart Jean-Pierre , Flynn Chris , Shannon Ryan M. , Tejos Nicolas , Corro-Guerra Felipe , Day Cherie K. , Deller Adam T. , Ekers Ron , Lopez Sebastian , Mahony Elizabeth K. , Nuñez Consuelo , Phillips Chris 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope has started to localize fast radio bursts (FRBs) to arcsecond accuracy from the detection of a single pulse, allowing their host galaxies to be reliably identified. We discuss the global properties of the host galaxies of the first four FRBs localized by ASKAP, which lie in the redshift range 0.11 < z < 0.48. All four are massive galaxies (log(M
*/M
⊙) ∼ 9.4–10.4) with modest star formation rates of up to 2 M
⊙ yr−1—very different to the host galaxy of the first repeating FRB 121102, which is a dwarf galaxy with a high specific star formation rate. The FRBs localized by ASKAP typically lie in the outskirts of their host galaxies, which appears to rule out FRB progenitor models that invoke active galactic nuclei or free-floating cosmic strings. The stellar population seen in these host galaxies also disfavors models in which all FRBs arise from young magnetars produced by superluminous supernovae, as proposed for the progenitor of FRB 121102. A range of other progenitor models (including compact-object mergers and magnetars arising from normal core-collapse supernovae) remain plausible.
Des toques dans les rues : les food trucks de São Paulo et la stratification symbolique de la ville
Authors: Ferreira Talitha Alessandra , Pellerano Joana Angélica 
Published: June 2020

On trouve des food trucks dans les rues de São Paulo depuis 2013. Leurs propriétaires se targuent d’offrir une cuisine de rue « différenciée » et plus moderne que celle qu’on avait jusqu’alors l’habitude de consommer dans la métropole. Cet article montre que ces camions-restaurants diffusent leurs produits dans certains secteurs de la ville seulement, si bien qu’ils en favorisent et en accentuent la stratification symbolique. De plus, ils font descendre dans la rue l’excellence professionnelle elle-même, celle des chefs de cuisine qui officiaient jusqu’alors uniquement dans les restaurants où ils entretenaient un lien étroit avec le champ de la gastronomie.
Producteurs de médias et entrepreneuriat ethnique à Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ferreira Sónia 
Published: June 2020

Ce texte s’inscrit dans un projet de cartographie et d’analyse critique de la production de médias portugais dans le contexte migratoire. Privilégiant le Brésil, il analyse la façon dont les médias ethniques et leurs producteurs constituent l’un des instruments clés d’une culture de l’expression dont l’analyse offre une voie d’entrée dans les processus de production et d’exposition culturelle et identitaire des migrants. Ils permettent tout autant de mieux connaître leurs logiques de « marchandisation de la nostalgie » et d’utilisation des niches du commerce ethnique inscrites dans l’espace urbain.
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery and Cognitive Performance
Authors: Dupuis Gilles , Kennedy Elaine , Lindquist Ruth , Barton Franca B. , Terrin Michael L. , Hoogwerf Byron J. , Czajkowski Susan M. , Herd J. Alan ,   for the Post CABG Biobehavioral Study Investigators.
Published: June 2020

• Background Some studies have indicated a decline in patients’ cognitive performance after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.• Objective To evaluate cognitive performance before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.• Methods Patients’ cognitive performance before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery was evaluated in a prospective observational multicenter study in 5 academic medical centers. A total of 242 men and 123 women were evaluated before surgery; 333 men and 216 women, 5 to 11 months after surgery (197 men and 99 women were evaluated both before and after surgery). Verbal ability, attention/concentration, logical/verbal and visual memory, and facial recognition were measured. Data on demographic, medical, and psychosocial characteristics also were collected.• ResultsAfter surgery, patients’ overall performance improved (P &lt; .001) for attention/concentration, verbal fluency, and logical/verbal memory. Patients with more education (high school or greater) performed better on each test (P &lt; .001) than did patients with less education. No strong effects of sex or age on cognitive performance were observed before or after surgery, and no important differences in sex, age, or education were associated with changes in scores from before to after surgery.• Conclusion On average, cognitive performance improved rather than declined after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The improvements were consistent across sex, age, and education.
Attitudes Toward and Beliefs About Family Presence: A Survey of Healthcare Providers, Patients’ Families, and Patients
Authors: Duran Christine R. , Oman Kathleen S. , Abel Jenni Jordan , Koziel Virginia M. , Szymanski Deborah 
Published: June 2020

Background Although some healthcare providers remain hesitant, family presence, defined as the presence of patients’ family members during resuscitation and/or invasive procedures, is becoming an accepted practice. Evidence indicates that family presence is beneficial to patients and their families.Objectives To describe and compare the beliefs about and attitudes toward family presence of clinicians, patients’ families, and patients.Methods Clinicians, patients’ families, and patients in the emergency department and adult and neonatal intensive care units of a 300-bed urban academic hospital were surveyed.Results Surveys were completed by 202 clinicians, 72 family members, and 62 patients. Clinicians had positive attitudes toward family presence but had concerns about safety, the emotional responses of the family members, and performance anxiety. Nurses had more favorable attitudes toward family presence than physicians did. Patients and their families had positive attitudes toward family presence.Conclusions Family presence is beneficial to patients, patients’ families, and healthcare providers. As family presence becomes a more accepted practice, healthcare providers will need to accommodate patients’ families at the bedside and address the barriers that impede the practice.
Pharmacological Treatment for Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity
Authors: Shald Elizabeth A. , Reeder Jacob , Finnick Michael , Patel Ishani , Evans Kyle , Faber Rebecca K. , Gilbert Brian W. 
Published: June 2020

Background
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, which affects up to 10% of all acquired brain injury survivors, is characterized by elevated heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature; diaphoresis; and increased posturing. Pharmacological agents that have been studied in the management of this disorder include opiates, γ-aminobutyric acid agents, dopaminergic agents, and β blockers. Although paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity is a relatively common complication after acquired brain injury, there is a paucity of recommendations or comparisons of agents for the management of this disorder.

Objective
To evaluate all relevant literature on pharmacological therapies used to manage patients with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity to help elucidate possible best practices.

Methods
Of the 27 studies evaluated for inclusion, 10 studies received full review: 4 retrospective cohort studies, 5 single case studies, and 1 case series.

Results
Monotherapy is usually not effective in the management of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity and multiple agents with different mechanisms of action should be considered. α2-Agonists such as dexmedetomidine may hold some slight clinical efficacy over agents like propofol, and with respect to oral medications, propranolol might convey some slight advantage compared to others. However, with the limited data available, these results must be interpreted with caution.

Conclusions
As the treatment of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity is reactive to symptomatic evolution over time, critical care nurses play a vital role in the monitoring and treatment of these patients. Limited data exist on the management of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity and larger robust data sets are needed to guide decision-making. (Critical Care Nurse. 2020;40[3]:e9-e16)
Feasibility of Nurse-Led Multidimensional Outcome Assessments in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Schlichter Erika , Lopez Omar , Scott Raymond , Ngwenya Laura , Kreitzer Natalie , Dangayach Neha S. , Ferioli Simona , Foreman Brandon 
Published: June 2020

Background
The outcome focus for survivors of critical care has shifted from mortality to patient-centered outcomes. Multidimensional outcome assessments performed in critically ill patients typically exclude those with primary neurological injuries.

Objective
To determine the feasibility of measurements of physical function, cognition, and quality of life in patients requiring neurocritical care.

Methods
This evaluation of a quality improvement initiative involved all patients admitted to the neuroscience intensive care unit at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center.

Interventions
Telephone assessments of physical function (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended and modified Rankin Scale scores), cognition (modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status), and quality of life (5-level EQ-5D) were conducted between 3 and 6 months after admission.

Results
During the 2-week pilot phase, the authors contacted and completed data entry for all patients admitted to the neuroscience intensive care unit over a 2-week period in approximately 11 hours. During the 18-month implementation phase, the authors followed 1324 patients at a mean (SD) time of 4.4 (0.8) months after admission. Mortality at follow-up was 38.9%; 74.8% of these patients underwent withdrawal of care. The overall loss to follow-up rate was 23.6%. Among all patients contacted, 94% were available by the second attempt to interview them by telephone.

Conclusions
Obtaining multidimensional outcome assessments by telephone across a diverse population of neurocritically ill patients was feasible and efficient. The sample was similar to those in other cohort studies in the neurocritical care population, and the loss to follow-up rate was comparable with that of the general critical care population.
HLA Class II Specificity Assessed by High-Density Peptide Microarray Interactions
Authors: Osterbye Thomas , Nielsen Morten , Dudek Nadine L. , Ramarathinam Sri H. , Purcell Anthony W. , Schafer-Nielsen Claus , Buus Soren 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The ability to predict and/or identify MHC binding peptides is an essential component of T cell epitope discovery, something that ultimately should benefit the development of vaccines and immunotherapies. In particular, MHC class I prediction tools have matured to a point where accurate selection of optimal peptide epitopes is possible for virtually all MHC class I allotypes; in comparison, current MHC class II (MHC-II) predictors are less mature. Because MHC-II restricted CD4+ T cells control and orchestrated most immune responses, this shortcoming severely hampers the development of effective immunotherapies. The ability to generate large panels of peptides and subsequently large bodies of peptide–MHC-II interaction data are key to the solution of this problem, a solution that also will support the improvement of bioinformatics predictors, which critically relies on the availability of large amounts of accurate, diverse, and representative data. In this study, we have used rHLA-DRB1*01:01 and HLA-DRB1*03:01 molecules to interrogate high-density peptide arrays, in casu containing 70,000 random peptides in triplicates. We demonstrate that the binding data acquired contains systematic and interpretable information reflecting the specificity of the HLA-DR molecules investigated, suitable of training predictors able to predict T cell epitopes and peptides eluted from human EBV-transformed B cells. Collectively, with a cost per peptide reduced to a few cents, combined with the flexibility of rHLA technology, this poses an attractive strategy to generate vast bodies of MHC-II binding data at an unprecedented speed and for the benefit of generating peptide–MHC-II binding data as well as improving MHC-II prediction tools.
Hatay ili Kırıkhan-Kumlu Bölgesi Topraklarının pH, Kireç ve Organik madde içeriklerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Kübra YETER  , Mehmet YALÇIN  
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada Hatay ili Kırıkhan-Kumlu bölgesi topraklarının pH, kireç ve organik madde içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için çalışma alanı topraklarını temsil edecek şekilde iki farklı derinlikten (0-20 ve 20-40 cm) ve 30 ayrı noktadan olmak üzere toplamda 60 toprak örneği alınmıştır. Örneklerde toprakların pH, kireç ve organik madde içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; çalışma alanı toprakların pH içerikleri 7.95-8.43 arasında değişmekte olup toprak örneklerinin pH’larının tüm bölgede hafif alkalin özellikte olduğu görülmüştür. Kırıkhan-Kumlu bölgesi topraklarının kireç içerikleri % 0.47-26.59 olup kireç içerikleri az kireçli ile çok fazla kireçli arasında değişmekle birlikte, toprakların % 11.66’sı az kireçli, % 5.00’i kireçli, % 35.00’i orta kireçli, % 45.00’i fazla kireçli ve % 3.34’ü ise çok fazla kireçli görülmüştür. Çalışma alanı topraklarının organik madde içerikleri % 1.16-6.08 arasında olup toprak örneklerinin organik maddeleri az ile yüksek arasında değişmekle birlikte, toprakların % 30.00’u az, % 48.34’ü orta, % 15.00’i iyi ve % 6.66’sı ise yüksek oranda organik madde görülmüştür. Toprakların kireç ile organik madde içeriği arasında negatif önemli ilişki belirlenmiş olup, pH içeriği ile diğer özellikler arasında önemli ilişkiler belirlenememiştir.
"He's on fire for justice!": Using critical conversations to explore sociopolitical topics in elementary classrooms
Authors: Darolia Laura 
Published: June 2020

Despite the dominant discourse that childhood is a time of innocence, elementary students (kindergarten through fifth grade) notice the world around them, witness and experience injustice and deserve to explore “controversial issues” in their classrooms. This article introduces readers to Olivia and her second grade students. Olivia wanted to create what she called a “social justice classroom” and made intentional curricular moves in order to bring this vision to life. Primarily, she implemented “social justice read aloud time” and read and discussed thoughtfully chosen trade books on “controversial issues” every Friday afternoon. Students were highly engaged in these read alouds and developed understandings and insights well beyond academic content standards. Olivia’s approach to teaching aligned with critical literacy, a pedagogical framework that values multiple perspectives, brings sociopolitical topics into the classroom, disrupts the status quo, and moves toward social action and the Inquiry Design Model of social studies education. Using this interdisciplinary lens, empirical examples of the purposeful exploration of “controversial issues” in a second grade classroom are discussed. Through Olivia’s voice, along with the voices of her students, description of the learning that happened in this social justice classroom is offered as evidence that teaching controversial issues in elementary classrooms has repercussions far beyond school walls. Implications for both practicing teachers and teacher educators are discussed.
ELIZA Effects: Pygmalion and the Early Development of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Switzky Lawrence 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:
Since the 1970s, scientists and psychologists have described what they call ELIZA effects: the tendency to attribute intelligence to responsive computers. ELIZA effects can be traced back to a natural language processing program or chatbot named ELIZA and created by Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT in the mid-1960s and to Weizenbaum's inspiration, Eliza Doolittle, in Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion. This article examines Shaw's influence on ELIZA and his anticipatory engagement with questions about machine “thinking” and the origin and nature of intelligence that continue to drive research in computer science. It illuminates Shaw's significance for Weizenbaum and the pathbreaking English mathematician and theorist of artificial intelligence Alan Turing. It also proposes how we might reread Shaw's plays, and Pygmalion in particular, in light of what Weizenbaum and Turing found in Shaw.
A promoção da alfabetização científica nos anos finais do ensino fundamental por meio de uma sequência didática sobre crustáceos
Authors: Lorenzetti Leonir , Costa Ellen Moreira 
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições de uma sequência didática implementada em 2015, no 7° ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede pública no estado do Paraná. A sequência didática foi fundamentada por parâmetros da alfabetização científica e teve como temática os crustáceos. O estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de intervenção pedagógica. A constituição dos dados ocorreu mediante os diálogos que foram desenvolvidos durante as cinco aulas geminadas das disciplinas de Ciências e Atividades Experimentais. Como metodologia de análise utilizou-se a Análise Textual Discursiva. Para o planejamento da sequência didática foram empregadas as categorias de alfabetização científica conforme as divisões concebidas por Bybee (1995): funcional, processual e conceitual e multidimensional; conjuntamente, foram adotadas as categorias de Shen (1975), definidas por alfabetização científica prática, cívica e cultural. Essas categorias foram utilizadas nas análises como categorias a priori e, posteriormente, a elaboração de subcategorias mostrou-se importante para a análise. O resultados mostraram evidências das categorias de alfabetização científica de modo bastante claro, com exceção da alfabetização científica cultural, que não foi identificada. Algumas evidências da alfabetização científica emergiram do conhecimento prévio dos alunos e outras, pôde-se observar, foram promovidas por meio da sequência didática, que envolveu conhecimentos científicos, ambientais, sociais e econômicos em torno de sua temática. No decorrer da aplicação da sequência didática, notou-se que, progressivamente, os estudantes desenvolveram um posicionamento mais crítico em relação à importância científica, ambiental, social e econômica dos crustáceos, adquirindo conhecimentos e habilidades científicas em sintonia com os pressupostos da alfabetização científica.
Uma proposta de ensino do eletromagnetismo por meio de atividades experimentais
Authors: Michelotti Angela , Lovato Fabricio Luís , Da Silva Loreto Elgion Lucio 
Published: June 2020

A proposição de atividades que sejam flexíveis e adequadas ao nível cognitivo dos alunos, acompanhadas de reflexão crítica, que permitam o teste livre de hipóteses e sejam decorrentes de problematização constitui-se um método mais eficiente para o ensino-aprendizagem do que a mera transmissão de informações. O Eletromagnetismo é um dos conteúdos em que os estudantes em geral apresentam diversas dificuldades de aprendizagem, apesar de sua importância para a compreensão do mundo cotidiano, visto que os fenômenos elétricos e magnéticos envolvem a grande maioria dos equipamentos de nosso dia a dia. Assim, esse trabalho descreve um conjunto de atividades experimentais realizadas com uma turma de 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, levando-se em conta a sua executabilidade pelos próprios alunos, o baixo custo de preparação e a segurança. A partir de um dínamo caseiro elaborado pelos pesquisadores, os alunos executaram, em grupos, 4 experimentos, envolvendo o ato de acender uma lâmpada, o funcionamento de um motor, a condutividade de materiais e relação entre energia e trabalho. O roteiro proposto estimulou a observação, reflexão e elaboração de hipóteses e a revisão de ideias sobre determinados fenômenos.