bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant Abnormal Glycemic Variability Increased the Risk for Arrhythmias in Middle-Aged and Elderly Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Tang Kuanxiao , Zhang Jianbo , Yang Jianmin , Liu Liwei , Li Liyan , Cui Jiangyin , Wu Shuo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Little is known about whether the influence of glycemic variability on arrhythmia is related to age in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, we aimed to compare the association between glycemic variability and arrhythmia in middle-aged and elderly T2DM patients. Methods: A total of 107 patients were divided into two groups: elderly diabetes mellitus group (EDM, n=73) and middle-aged diabetes mellitus group (MDM, n=34). The main clinical data, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and dynamic ECG reports were collected. The parameters including standard deviation (SDBG), largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (LAGE), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), absolute means of daily differences (MODD) were tested for glycemic variability evaluation. Results: In terms of blood glucose fluctuations, MAGE (5.77±2.16mmol/L vs 4.63 ±1.89mmol/L, P=0.026), SDBG (2.39±1.00mmol/L vs 2.00±0.82mmol/L, P=0.048), LAGE (9.53±3.37mmol/L vs 7.84±2.64 mmol/L, P=0.011) was significantly higher in EDM group than those of MDM group. The incidences of atrial premature beat, couplets of atrial premature beat, atrial tachycardia and ventricular premature beat were significantly higher in EDM group compared with the MDM group (all P<0.05). Among patients with hypoglycemia events, the incidences of atrial premature beat, couplets of atrial premature beat, atrial tachycardia and ventricular premature beat (all P<0.05) were significantly higher in the EDM group than those in the MDM group. Conclusions: The study demonstrated the elderly patients had greater glycemic variability and were more prone to arrhythmias. Therefore, active control of blood glucose fluctuation in elderly patients will help to reduce the risk of severe arrhythmia.
A Label-free, Fast and High-specificity Technique for Plant Cell Wall Imaging and Composition Analysis
Authors: Xu Huimin , Zhao Yuanyuan , Suo Yuanzhen , Guo Yayu , Man Yi , Jing Yanping , He Xinqiang , Lin Jinxing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cell wall imaging can considerably permit direct visualization of the molecular architecture of cell walls and provide the detailed chemical information on wall polymers, which is imperative to better exploit and use the biomass polymers; however, detailed imaging and quantifying of the native composition and architecture in the cell wall remains challenging.Results: Here, we describe a label-free imaging technology, coherent Raman scattering microscopy (CRS), including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which images the major structures and chemical composition of plant cell walls. The major steps of the procedure are demonstrated, including sample preparation, setting the mapping parameters, analysis of spectral data, and image generation. Applying this rapid approach, which will help researchers understand the highly heterogeneous structures and organization of plant cell walls.Conclusions: This method can potentially be incorporated into label-free microanalyses of plant cell wall chemical composition based on the in situ vibrations of molecules.
Roles of Waxy and Soluble Starch Synthase Iia Alleles in Determining Different Type Resistant Starch Contents of Rice
Authors: You Hui , Zhang Ouling , Liang Xu , Liang Cheng , Chen Yongjun , Xiang Xunchao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundResistant Starch (RS) is a functional starch that has functions of regulating diabetes, hypertension and obesity. The effects of most starch synthesis-related genes (SSRGs) on RS content and their relationships are largely unknown. ResultsIn current study, ninety-nine lines from a recombinant inbred line were selected to investigate the effects of SSRGs on the RS content in different process status. Results revealed that RS content decreased dramatically after cooking, but it did not increase significantly after cooling for 7 days. And RS was closely related to many indexes of physicochemical properties, but was not correlated with granule size. Waxy (Wx) played an important role in controlling RS content and Wxa could elevate RS content in raw milled rice, cooked rice and retrograded rice. Soluble starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) had an impact on RS2, and RS2 content of indica SSIIa were significantly higher than that of japonica SSIIa (SSIIaj). Moreover, interaction of Wx and SSIIa was responsible for variations of RS content in three sample types, RS2 and volume proportion of different size starch granules. ConclusionsWx and SSIIa together significantly regulate different types content of RS in rice, but SSIIa only affects RS2. Wxa-SSIIaj is favorable to forming large-diameter starch granules.
Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Increase Chi3l1 Secretion in Exosome to Activate Myh9 and Promote Proliferation through Connexin47 Connected to Astrocytes
Authors: Jiang Lu , ZHANG XIAOYAN , Xu Dan , Zhang Wenjin , Peng GuoGuang , Tang Yong , Peng Yan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Neurodegenerative diseases, caused by the loss of neurons or myelin sheath, are some of the most important neurological diseases that threaten the health of the elderly. In the CNS, oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the only cells that can form myelin. Astrocytes (ASTs) play a generally beneficial role in remyelination, including the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to OLs. However, the specific downstream mechanism is unclear.Methods: This study investigated the proliferation of OPCs in OPCs mono-culture, OPCs culture with ASTs supernatant, and ASTs-OPCs co-culture. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes after transcriptome sequencing of these OPCs. Electron microscope, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Fluorescence tracing of exosomes and Western blot were used to evaluate the effects of exsomes. Pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and mass spectrometry analys were conducted to find the downstream signal proliferation which is transmitted information into OPCs.Reasults: Direct contact co-culture of ASTs and OPCs promotes the proliferation of OPCs. After Cx47 siRNA interference under ASTs-OPCs co-culture, Chi3l1 secretion in exosome reveals associated decrease, and OPCs proliferation decreased. The cell proliferation induced by Chi3l1 was inhibited after siRNA interfered with Myh9, and the expression of cyclin D1 was also decreased.Conclusions: These results suggest that ASTs transmit information to OPCs by increasing gap junction channel Cx47, thereby promoting the secretion of Chi3l1 in exosome of OPCs. The secretory form of Chi3l1 in exosome might be easier to enter the target cell than in extracellular supernatant, which is beneficial to the activation of Myh9 to promote OPCs proliferation. This may be a potential target for drugs rescuing neurodegeneration diseases related to remyelination.
Hippocampal Volume Influences The Correlations Between White Matter Disruption and Tau Protein in aMCI and mild AD
Authors: Magalhães Thamires Naela Cardoso , Casseb Raphael Fernandes , Gerbelli Christian Luiz Baptista , Pimentel-Silva Luciana Ramalho , Nogueira Mateus Henrique , Teixeira Camila Vieira Ligo , Carletti Ana Flávia Mac Knight , Rezende Thiago Junqueira Ribeiro de , Joaquim Helena Passarelli Giroud , Talib Leda Leme , Forlenza Orestes Vicente , Cendes Fernando , Balthazar Marcio Luiz Figueredo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Association of Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes and Total Testosterone in Middle-aged and Elderly Male Population
Authors: Guan Qingbo , Liu Luna , Liu Shuang , Song Qianmei , Luo Dandan , Su Yu , Qi Xiangyu , Wang Qian , Ning Jing , Lv Youyuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives Obesity and metabolic syndrome have been reported to exert an impact on male reproductive system with decreasing levels of serum total testosterone (TT), however, the effect of different metabolic obesity phenotypes on testosterone has been poorly studied. We aimed to evaluate the association of metabolic obesity phenotypes and total testosterone levels in male population. Methods We performed a retrospective study based on an epidemiological investigation, a total of 4 081 middle-aged and elderly male individuals were recruited. The population was classified as metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW); metabolically healthy obese (MHO); metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) according to normal weight (BMI<25.0) and obesity (BMI≥25.0) with or without metabolic syndrome. Results We collected 563 hypotestosteronemia among 4 081 middle-aged and elderly male individuals. The odds ratios (ORs) (95% CIs) of hypotestosteronemia in obesity and metabolic syndrome was 3.072 (2.414-3.911) and 3.294 (2.631-4.125) respectively, after adjusting for age, luteinizing hormone, smoking status and alcohol consumption. Compared to MHNW group, male subjects in MHO, MUNW and MUO groups had a decreased serum TT levels. Additionally, MUO group have a lowest concentration of serum TT and a highest proportion of hypotestosteronemia. There was no significant difference of TT levels between MHO and MUNW group. Conclusions Obesity and metabolic syndrome are independent risk factor of hypotestosteronemia in middle-aged and elderly male populations. Our study also suggested that individuals with MHO, MUNW and MUO have a higher risk of developing hypotestosteronemia.
Tilt and Strain Change During the Explosion at Minami-dake, Sakurajima, on November 13, 2017
Authors: Hotta Kohei , Iguchi Masato 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We herein proposed an alternative model for deformation caused by each eruption at Sakurajima, which have been previously interpreted as being due to a Mogi-type source beneath Minami-dake. On November 13, 2017, a large explosion with a plume height of 4,200 m occurred at Minami-dake. During the three minutes following the onset of the explosion (November 13, 2017, 22:07–22:10 (Japan standard time (UTC+9); the same hereinafter), phase 1, a large strain change was detected at the Arimura observation tunnel (AVOT) located approximately 2.1 km southeast from the Minami-dake crater. After the climax of the explosion (November 13, 2017, 22:10–24:00), phase 2, a large deflation was detected at every monitoring stations due to the continuous Strombolian eruption. Subsidence toward Minami-dake was detected at five out of six stations whereas subsidence toward the north of Sakurajima was detected at the newly installed Komen observation tunnel (KMT), located approximately 4.0 km northeast from the Minami-dake crater. The large strain change at AVOT during phase 1 can be explained by a very shallow deflation source beneath Minami-dake at 0.1 km below sea level (bsl). For phase 2, a deeper source beneath Minami-dake at a depth of 3.3 km bsl deflated in addition to the shallow source beneath Minami-dake, which turned inflationary after the deflation obtained during phase 1. However, this model cannot explain the tilt change of KMT. Adding a spherical deflation source beneath Kita-dake at a depth of 3.2 km bsl can be explain the tilt and strain change at KMT and the other stations. The Kita-dake source was also found in a previous study of long-term ground deformation events. Not only the deeper Minami-dake source M D but also the Kita-dake source deflated due to the Minami-dake explosion.
Intra- and Inter-observer Reliability of Implant Positioning Evaluation on a CT-based Three-dimensional Postoperative Matching System for Total Knee Arthroplasty.
Authors: Watanabe Shotaro , Akagi Ryuichiro , Shiko Yuki , Ono Yoshimasa , Kawasaki Yohei , Ohdera Toshihiro , Ohtori Seiji , Sasho Takahisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The evaluation of postoperative total knee arthroplasty (TKA) alignment mainly relies on measurement data obtained from plain radiographs. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to document the intra- and inter-observer reliability in assessment of TKA component positioning after surgery using a three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) image matching system. Materials and Methods: Fourteen knees from 14 patients who received primary TKA were included, and images were analyzed by blinded readers not associated with the surgeries. The examiner digitized the reference points according to defined landmarks, and the designated size component was superimposed to the 3D reconstructed CT model for measurement. In addition to the evaluation of implant position against the coronal and sagittal lower limb mechanical axes that were defined based on bony landmarks, implant position against axes connecting implant-based reference points that are easier to indicate was evaluated.Results: The overall intra- and inter-observer reliabilities determined by the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of the implant alignment measurement for both femoral and tibial components were good for both mechanical and implant-based axes. The difference between implant alignment measurements according to the traditional mechanical axis and the implant-based axis ranged between means of 0.08o and 1.70o and were statistically significantly different.Conclusions: The postoperative evaluation of implant position in the coronal and sagittal planes using 3D-CT image matching is reliable and has good reproducibility. The measured implant position according to the traditional mechanical axis and the implant-based axis were slightly but significantly different.
Combination of subtherapeutic anti-TNF dose with dasatinib restores clinical and molecular arthritogenic profiles better than standard anti-TNF treatment
Authors: Ntari Lydia , Nikolaou Christoforos , Kranidioti Ksanthi , Papadopoulou Dimitra , Chouvardas Panagiotis , Meier Florian , Geka Christina , Denis Maria C , Karagianni Niki , Kollias George 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) have emerged in the last two decades, including Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and biologics. However, there is no known cure, since a significant proportion of patients remain or become non-responders to current therapies. The development of new mode-of-action treatment schemes involving combination therapies could prove successful for the treatment of a greater number of RA patients.
Methods
We investigated the effect of the Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors (TKIs) dasatinib and bosutinib, on the human TNF-dependent Tg197 arthritis mouse model. The inhibitors were administered either as a monotherapy or in combination with a subtherapeutic dose of anti-hTNF biologics and their therapeutic effect was assessed clinically, histopathologically as well as via gene expression analysis and was compared to that of an efficient TNF monotherapy.
Results
Dasatinib and, to a lesser extent, bosutinib inhibited the production of TNF and proinflammatory chemokines from arthritogenic synovial fibroblasts. Dasatinib, but not bosutinib, also ameliorated significantly and in a dose-depended manner both the clinical and histopathological signs of Tg197 arthritis. Combination of dasatinib with a subtherapeutic dose of anti-hTNF biologic agents, resulted in a synergistic inhibitory effect abolishing all arthritis symptoms. Gene expression analysis of whole joint tissue of Tg197 mice revealed that the combination of dasatinib with a low subtherapeutic dose of Infliximab most efficiently restores the pathogenic gene expression profile to that of the healthy state compared to either treatment administered as a monotherapy.
Conclusion
Our findings show that dasatinib exhibits a therapeutic effect in TNF-driven arthritis and can act in synergy with a subtherapeutic anti-hTNF dose to effectively treat the clinical and histopathological signs of the pathology. The combination of dasatinib and anti-hTNF exhibits a distinct mode of action in restoring the arthritogenic gene signature to that of a healthy profile. Potential clinical applications of this combination therapy may provide an interesting alternative to high-dose anti-hTNF monotherapy and increase the number of patients responding to treatment.
Immunoinformatics approach for multi-epitope vaccine design against structural proteins and ORF1a polyproteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Adam Khalid Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The lack of effective treatment and a protective vaccine against the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 has aggravated the already catastrophic global health issue. Here, in an attempt to design an efficient vaccine, a vigorous immunoinformatics approach was followed to predict the most suitable viral proteins epitopes for building that vaccine.
Methods
The amino acid sequences of four structural proteins (S, M, N, E) along with one potentially antigenic accessory protein (ORF1a) of SARS-CoV-2 were inspected for the most appropriate epitopes to be used for building the vaccine construct. Several immunoinformatics tools were used to assess the antigenicity, immunogenicity, allergenicity, toxigenicity, interferon-gamma inducing capacity, and the physicochemical properties of the product.
Results
The final candidate vaccine construct consisted of 468 amino acids, encompassing 30 epitopes. All the vaccine properties and its ability to trigger the humoral and cell-mediated immune response were validated computationally. Molecular modeling, docking to TLR3, simulation, and molecular dynamics were also carried out. Finally, a molecular clone using pET28: :mAID expression plasmid vector was prepared.
Conclusion
The overall results of the study suggest that the final multi-epitope chimeric construct is a potential candidate for an efficient protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Analysis of Determinants of Postpartum Mood Disorders
Authors: Iwanowicz-Palus Grażyna Jolanta , Marcewicz Agnieszka Ewa , Bień Agnieszka Maria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe birth of a child entails major changes in a woman’s life. In the perinatal period, the woman is particularly susceptible to emotional problems. The objective of the present paper was to investigate the relationship between global orientation to life and its components on the one hand, and socio-demographic factors on the other, with regard to early postpartum emotional disorders. MethodsThe study included 643 patients hospitalized in obstetric departments who had had a spontaneous vaginal delivery. Research instruments included: the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (SOC-29), and the authors’ own survey questionnaire to record participants’ characteristics.ResultsThe study findings indicate an association between lower levels of postpartum blues and higher levels of global sense of coherence, as well as a stronger sense of meaningfulness, manageability, and comprehensibility. More severe mood disorders were found in patients who were single. Postpartum blues symptoms were more intense in less educated respondents.Conclusions Postpartum mood disorders are associated with a global sense of coherence and its components. Higher levels of SOC reduce the risk of postpartum blues.
Foreign Development Assistance and Macroeconomic Policy Stance: The Underlying Levers of Growth in Emerging SSA Countries
Authors: Edo Samson , Matthew Oluwatoyin , Ogunrinola Ifeoluwa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The role of foreign development assistance and macroeconomic policy stance, in economic growth performance of the emerging Sub-Saharan African economies, is investigated in this study. The GMM and VECM methods are employed in estimating the relationships and impacts, for the period 1980-2019. Results from the two estimation methods are comparable and consistent. The effect of foreign development assistance is revealed to be positive, and more significant than that of monetary policy, but less significant than fiscal policy. The control variable, exchange rate, exerts significant negative effect on growth. The results also reveal that economic growth is unable to significantly reinforce itself. Generally, the estimation results conform to theoretical expectations of the relationships that exist between economic growth and the underlying variables. The results are also considered to be significantly reliable for forecasting and policy making.
Can Primary palliative care education change life-sustaining treatment intensity of older adults at the end of life? A retrospective study
Authors: Liu Qian , Qin Mingzhao , Zhou Jian , Zheng Hui , Liu Weiping , Shen Qi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

In recent years, palliative care has gradually developed in mainland China. Since 2018, primary palliative care education has been carried out in the department of geriatrics at Beijing Tongren Hospital. This study aimed to explore the changes to the intensity of end-of-life care in hospitalized older adults before and after the implementation of primary palliative care education.
Methods

A retrospective study was conducted. 203 decedents were included from Beijing Tongren Hospital’s department of geriatrics between January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019. Patients were split into two cohorts with regards to the start of palliative care education. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics as well as analgesia use, other medical resources use and provision of life-sustaining treatments were compared between the two groups. We used a chi-square test to compare categorical variables, a t test to compare continuous variables with normal distributions and a Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables with skewed distributions.
Results

Of the total participants in the study, 157(77.3%) patients were male. The median age was 88 (interquartile range; Q1-Q3 83–93) and the majority of patients (N = 172, 84.7%) aged 80 years or older. The top 3 causes of death were malignant solid tumor (N = 74, 36.5%), infectious disease (N = 74, 36.5%), and cardiovascular disease (N = 23, 11.3%). Approximately two thirds died of non-cancer diseases. There was no significant difference in age, gender, cause of death and functional status between the two groups (p > 0.05). After primary palliative care education, pain controlling drugs were used more (p < 0.05), fewer patients received electric defibrillation, bag mask ventilation and vasopressors ( p༜0.05). There was no change in the length of hospitalization, intensive care admissions, polypharmacy, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, blood infusions, albumin infusions, nasogastric/nasoenteric tubes, parenteral nutrition, renal replacement and mechanical ventilation (p > 0.05).
Conclusions

Primary palliative care education promotes symptom control and DNR implementation. In the future, more efforts should be put on education about symptom assessment, prognostication, advance care planning, code status discussion with particular focus on patients with end stage non-cancer diseases.