bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Look in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Geographical Distribution in National Reference Hospital, South Sumatera Region, Indonesia
Authors: Maritska Ziske , Prananjaya Bintang Arroyantri , Parisa Nita 
Published: April 2020

Background. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized with disorders in cognitive, behaviour, and social interaction. It is estimated to affect 1:160 children worlwide. Despite its increasing trend, the exact cause of it is yet to be known.
Objective. This study wished to identify the geographical distribution of ASD cases in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital as one of the national reference hospitals in Indonesia for South Sumatera region.
Methods. Medical records of the patients who are diagnosed with ASD during 2014-2018 was observed in order to identify the patientsâ€™ residential area.
Results. There were 107 patients who were clinically diagnosed of having ASD during 2014-2018 in Dr Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. Based on its residential area, ASD cases were mostly found in Palembang as the capital city of South Sumatera Province.
Conclusion. ASD is found in small and big cities across the South Sumatera province, implying its common occurrence. The varied prevalence could be signifying the role of different related risk factors identified in the area.
الاجتهاد في تقديم الراجح عند الشيخين: دراسة تحليلية في أحاديث الصحيحين
Authors: الحريري عمار أحمد 
Published: April 2020

الإمام البخاري والإمام مسلم من أوائل من أفرد الحديث الصحيح بالتصنيف، وانشغل العلماء في دراسة اجتهادهما وفِقْه التعامل مع كتابيهما، ومن ذلك مسألة تقديم الراجح عند الشيخين، فالأصل في عملهما الاتفاق على تقديم الراجح والأصحِّ عند التعارض، ومع ذلك اختلف الشيخان في تقديم الراجح، فبعض ما رجّحه البخاري في صحيحه؛ خالفه مسلم فيه وتبنّى المرجوح عند البخاري، واعتمد كل منهما على عدة مرجّحات وقرائن استأنس بها الشرّاح لبيان اجتهاد الشيخين.
يدرس هذا البحث سبب اختلاف الشيخين في تقديم الراجح، وعدم تمكُّنِهما أو تمكُّنِ أحدهما من الترجيح، فرويا الحديثين المتناقضين دون الإشارة إلى أيهما الراجح أو المرجوح. ولكن مما أشكل أكثر ما فعله الشيخان أو أحدهما في بعض الأحاديث، حيث قُدَّم الراجح ورُوِي المرجوح. وأثمرت الدراسة عدة نتائج مهمة، تدل على منهج الشيخين الاجتهادي في تقديم الحديث الراجح، وعلى نسبية المرجحات وتعارضها، فرويا بعضها للتعليل أو لنكت حديثية.
Living Philosophy: Self-revelation and Damaris Masham’s Philosophical Autobiography
Authors: Webb Simone 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The seventeenth-century philosopher Damaris Masham (1658/59–1708) had an intimate and emotional relationship with her friend and companion John Locke (1632–1704), and corresponded with him over many years. Her extensive surviving letters to Locke have been largely overlooked by scholarship on her philosophy. Setting Masham’s letters in the context of philosophical and historical scholarship on autobiography, as well as Berel Lang’s work on philosophical genre, I argue that her letters to Locke should be read as a form of philosophical autobiography. By doing so, unrecognized aspects of Masham’s philosophical position on selfhood and sociability are made visible. Furthermore, I show how the personal and the philosophical are inextricable in the letters and argue that lived emotional experience is of philosophical value. This point is of particular import in the project of retrieval of women philosophers throughout history, but should also be taken into account in the context of a modern philosophical milieu that often privileges “arguing that” as the only legitimate mode of philosophical practice.
The Role of Universities of Georgia in Providing Continuing Education Courses of Local Self-Government Public Servants
Authors: Kordzadze Maka 
Published: April 2020

The present-day rate of development of the society and technologies in any sphere requires from the employee constant raising of qualification and gaining new knowledge and skills – continuous professional development. Life-long learning, continuing education is equally important compared with initial degree education. This leads to the necessity of ensurng continuing education in especially significant areas for the country in which the country’s leading universities have to be actively involved. Provision of continuing education for local self- government public servants in recent years in the context of the self - government reform gained special actuality in Georgia. The aim of the article is to underline the significant role of universities of Georgia in developing and providing continuing education courses to public servants of local self-government and identifying those measures which will promote active involvement of universities in this process.
Effect of Various Sources of Zinc and Iron on Dry Matter Yield, Nutrient Content and Nutrient Uptake of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana l.)
Authors: Kumar E. Ajay , Surekha K. , Rekha K. Bhanu , Sharma S. Harish Kumar 
Published: April 2020

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2018 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU to evaluate the effect of various sources of zinc and iron on dry matter yield, nutrient content and nutrient uptake of finger millet. This experiment was conducted with randomized block design with 14 treatments and replicated thrice.The results revealed that application of different Zinc and iron sources at different rates significantly influenced the dry matter yield, nutrient content and nutrient uptake of finger millet. The highest dry matter production was reported with T10 - application of RDF (60:40:30 kg N,P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1)+ foliar application of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS at all the stages followed by T14- (RDF+ foliar application of Fe-humate @ 0.25% twice at 30 and 60 DAS). Nutrient content decreased and Nutrient uptake (Nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, iron and zinc) by the crop steadily increased with advancement in age of the crop upto harvest. The treatment receiving (T10) RDF+ foliar spray of FeSO4 @ 0.5% twice at 30 and 60 DAS recorded the highest nutrient content and (N, P, K & Fe) uptake by crop at 30DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest followed by (T14) RDF+ foliar application of Fe-humate @ 0.25% twice at 30 and 60 DAS. While, the Zinc content and uptake by crop at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest was highest with the treatment receiving (T8) -RDF + Zn-Humate foliar spray @ 0.25% twice at 30 and 60 days after sowing and was followed by treatment T7-RDF + Zn-Humate soil application @ 42 Kg ha-1.
Dry Season Composition and Abundance of the Anopheles, Culex and Aedes Genera in Makrudi Benue State
Authors: Omale Ameh Godwill , Obisike Victor Ugochukwu , Amuta Elizabeth U. 
Published: April 2020

Mosquitoes are very important vectors of malaria, yellow fever, dengue and other diseases. Their unmitigated availability is key to the spread of parasites spread by their bites. This research was designed to find out the abundance of mosquitoes of the Anopheles, Culex and Aedes Genera in Makurdi Local Government of Benue state. Larva was collected from different water bodies in three (3) different locations that cover Makurdi representatively with the aid of a scoop spoon. Collected larva was stored in transparent plastic plates and transported to the insectarium, filtered into cleaner water by decantation, fed with baker’s yeast and grown into adult Mosquitoes in premade 16x16x16 inches cages. Adults were fed with sugar solution in cotton balls. Dead mosquitoes were stored in vials containing 70% ethanol. Using the Photographic Guide to common mosquitoes of Florida, Mosquitoes were identified by microscopy. 537 Mosquitoes were identified of different Genera. Aedesgenera recorded the highest abundance of 34.64%, while Anophelesgenera has the least abundance with 31.10%. Culexgenera recorded an abundance of 34.26% in makurdi. NorthBank with 40.78%, recorded the highest number of mosquitoes of the three Genera under consideration. Logo II/Kanshio follows with 32.22% and Karmen, 27.00%, showed the least abundance. Based on this research, Mosquitoes showed relatively high abundance in Makurdi in the dry and windy harmattan season. This could be one reason malaria persists even in the dry seasons in makurdi.
Prevalence of Side Effects, Drug Interaction among Patients Taking Statin in Turaif, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Raja Maria Abdul Ghafoor , Alrawili Gharam Hamdan , Al-Otaibi Nawaf , Amjad Muhammad Wahab 
Published: April 2020

Background: Statins perceived to have favorable safety profile. Although many people on statin therapy do well but no drug is without potential for side effects. Awareness about risks as well as benefits of drugs is needed particularly drugs which are used on wide scale like statins because even uncommon side effects can have significant health impact.
Objectives of the Study: To determine side effects occurrence among Saudi patients taking statins and to evaluate drug-drug interactions in Saudi patients taking statins.
Methodology: Self administered cross sectional study conducted during a period of four months from October 2018 to January 2019 in Turaif general hospital, Saudi Arabia on random sample of 500 Saudi patients out of which 330 participants were included in the study which were taking different types of statins medication using self-administered questionnaire in Arabic language specially designed for the research purpose after obtaining verbal consent and the data analyzed by SPSS program.
Results: A total of 330 patients; 128 (39%) females and 202 (61%) males—participated in the study. The majority 165 (50%) were in the age-group of 50 – 59 years. Simvastatin was the most commonly used statin among study participants 136 (41%) followed by rosuvastatin 114 (35%). Among the participants, there were some patients who take drugs which have drug interactions with statins; there were 64 (19%) take Amlodipine with simvastatin, 13 (4%) and 6 (2%) take esomeprazole and ompeprazole respectively with statins. Only 9 (3%) reported that they were advised by pharmacist to avoid grape fruit. Majority of participants 309 (94%) reported neck pain, difficulty in walking, frequently fatigue after starting on statin. Also majority of participants 320 (97%) suffer from muscle pain after starting statins medications.
Conclusion: The percentage of statin related side effects in this study population is high especially myopathy. Also some patients in this study taking medications that have drug interaction with statins, Counseling to patient regarding statin therapy appear to be insufficient. So, this study indicate that there's a need for more efforts from the physicians and pharmacist to avoid prescribing or dispensing medication that have drug-drug interaction with statins and provide counseling to patients regarding their statin therapy.
Direct Observation of Bandgap Oscillations Induced by Optical Phonons in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites
Authors: Guo Peijun , Xia Yi , Gong Jue , Cao Duyen H. , Li Xiaotong , Li Xun , Zhang Qi , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Kirschner Matthew S. , Wen Haidan , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Ketterson John B. , Martinson Alex B. F. , Xu Tao , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Chan Maria K. Y. , Schaller Richard D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide have emerged as promising semiconductors for energy‐relevant applications. The interactions between charge carriers and lattice vibrations, giving rise to polarons, have been invoked to explain some of their extraordinary optoelectronic properties. Here, time‐resolved optical spectroscopy is performed, with off‐resonant pumping and electronic probing, to examine several representative lead iodide perovskites. The temporal oscillations of electronic bandgaps induced by coherent lattice vibrations are reported, which is attributed to antiphase octahedral rotations that dominate in the examined 3D and 2D hybrid perovskites. The off‐resonant pumping scheme permits a simplified observation of changes in the bandgap owing to the Ag vibrational mode, which is qualitatively different from vibrational modes of other symmetries and without increased complexity of photogenerated electronic charges. The work demonstrates a strong correlation between the lead–iodide octahedral framework and electronic transitions, and provides further insights into the manipulation of coherent optical phonons and related properties in hybrid perovskites on ultrafast timescales.
Diastereodivergent Synthesis of Bridged Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives Catalyzed by Modularly Designed Organocatalysts
Authors: Jakkampudi Satish , Konda Swapna , Arman Hadi , Zhao John C.‐G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe diastereodivergent synthesis of bridged 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives has been achieved by using appropriate modularly designed organocatalysts (MDOs) that are self‐assembled in situ from amino acids and cinchona alkaloid derivatives. The domino Mannich/aza‐Michael/aldol reaction between (E)‐2‐[2‐(3‐aryl‐3‐oxoprop‐1‐en‐1‐yl)phenyl]acetaldehydes and ethyl or benzyl (E)‐2‐[(4‐methoxyphenyl)imino]acetates catalyzed by MDOs gives two different diastereomers of the desired bridged tetrahydroisoquinolines in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities (up to 99:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). The diastereodivergence was achieved in the aldol reaction step.magnified image
Therapeutic Effects of Anti–Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Activin Membrane‐Bound Inhibitor Treatment in Psoriasis and Arthritis
Authors: Alvarez Pilar , Augustín Juan Jesús , Tamayo Esther , Iglesias Marcos , Acinas Olga , Mendiguren María Angeles , Vázquez José Andrés , Genre Fernanda , San Segundo David , Merino Jesús , Merino Ramón 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) inhibitor BAMBI (bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane‐bound inhibitor) has been shown to control differentiation of CD4+ T lymphocytes into either tolerogenic Treg cells or pathogenic Th17 cells, through the regulation of TGFβ and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) signaling strength. The present study was undertaken to explore the potential beneficial effects of this strategy of pharmacologic inhibition using novel anti‐BAMBI monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in different experimental murine models of chronic skin and joint inflammatory/autoimmune disease.MethodsDevelopment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan–induced psoriatic arthritis (MIP) (n = 18–30 mice per group), imiquimod‐induced skin psoriasis (n = 20–30 mice per group), or type II collagen–induced arthritis (CIA) (n = 13–16 mice per group) was analyzed in a total of 2–5 different experiments with either wild‐type (WT) or BAMBI‐deficient B10.RIII mice that were left untreated or treated with mAb B101.37 (mouse IgG1 anti‐BAMBI), a mouse IgG1 anti‐TNP isotype control, anti‐CD25, or anti‐TGFβ mAb.ResultsTreatment of normal mice with IgG1 anti‐BAMBI mAb clone B101.37 led to expansion of Treg cells in vivo, and had both preventive and therapeutic effects in mice with MIP (each P < 0.05 versus controls). The conferred protection against disease progression was found to be mediated by Treg cells, which controlled the activation and expansion of pathogenic IL‐17–producing cells, and was dependent on the level of TGFβ activity. Furthermore, treatment with B101.37 mAb blocked both the development of skin psoriasis induced by imiquimod and the development of CIA in mice (each P < 0.05 versus controls). Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of BAMBI with the IgM anti‐BAMBI mAb B143.14 also potentiated the suppressive activity of Treg cells in vitro (P < 0.001 versus controls).ConclusionThese results in murine models identify BAMBI as a promising new therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases and other pathologic conditions modulated by Treg cells.
An Analysis of the Factors Influencing Choice of Microcredit Sources and Impact of Participation on Household Income
Authors: Ding Zhao , Abdulai Awudu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is widely accepted that rural microcredit has the potential to contribute to poverty reduction in developing countries. This paper examines the factors that affect rural residents' decisions to participate in different types of microcredit sources and how these factors influence household income and consumption, using cross‐sectional data from a recent survey in China. We use a multinomial endogenous switching regression model to account for selection bias and treatment effects. The empirical findings indicate that family size, dependency ratio, local casual wage rate, credit information and shocks mainly determine the selection of different credit sources. Furthermore, the estimates reveal that participation of households in microcredit programmes contributes to an increase in both per capita income and consumption significantly. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Harmonized global maps of above and belowground biomass carbon density in the year 2010
Authors: Spawn Seth A. , Sullivan Clare C. , Lark Tyler J. , Gibbs Holly K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRemotely sensed biomass carbon density maps are widely used for myriad scientific and policy applications, but all remain limited in scope. They often only represent a single vegetation type and rarely account for carbon stocks in belowground biomass. To date, no global product integrates these disparate estimates into an all-encompassing map at a scale appropriate for many modelling or decision-making applications. We developed an approach for harmonizing vegetation-specific maps of both above and belowground biomass into a single, comprehensive representation of each. We overlaid input maps and allocated their estimates in proportion to the relative spatial extent of each vegetation type using ancillary maps of percent tree cover and landcover, and a rule-based decision schema. The resulting maps consistently and seamlessly report biomass carbon density estimates across a wide range of vegetation types in 2010 with quantified uncertainty. They do so for the globe at an unprecedented 300-meter spatial resolution and can be used to more holistically account for diverse vegetation carbon stocks in global analyses and greenhouse gas inventories.
Effects of the surface processing on the tribological performance of C/SiCs under dry friction
Authors: Lin Bin , Wei Jinhua , Sui Tianyi , Wang Haoji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new friction counterpart for carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide ceramic-matrix composites (C/SiCs) and zirconia (ZrO2) toughened by magnesia ceramics is proposed. The effects of the C/SiC surface processing parameters friction on the tribological performance are investigated under dry friction and ambient temperature conditions. The wear tests are carried out using the pin-on-disc friction method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on an instrument equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is used to observe the surfaces of the pins and discs before and after the application of friction to reveal the wear mechanism. The results show that surface processing influenced the tribological properties of C/SiC significantly. When the pressure is 30 N, the speed is 0.5 m/s, and the C/SiC surface is ground using 1500# sandpaper, the counterpart tribological performance is the best among the samples considered herein. It is found that the retention ability of the counterparts influenced the tribology performance significantly.
„Pilze suchen – was hilft?“
Authors: Schuh S. , Drechsel C. , Welzel J. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungPilzinfektionen verursachen häufig eine Entzündung der Haut, die je nach Erreger und Lokalisation unterschiedlich stark ist. Diese Beobachtung kann bei der Auswahl der antimykotischen Therapie eine Hilfe sein.Durch den Einsatz nichtinvasiver Geräte wie der Dermatoskopie, konfokalen Lasermikroskopie (KLM), optischen Kohärenztomografie (OCT) und dynamischen optischen Kohärenztomografie (D-OCT) gelingt eine Darstellung der Haut und auch ihrer Veränderungen bei entzündlichen Mykosen.
Manuelle Therapie für Säuglinge in der Pädiatrie – Protokoll einer Anwendungsbeobachtung
Authors: Loudovici-Krug Dana , Lange Antje , Best Norman 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Manuelle Therapie bei bestehender Funktionsstörung des Körperstamms von Säuglingen; bei Bestehen von neurologischen Auffälligkeiten sollte zeitnah eine neurophysiologische Therapie beginnen.
Methodik Dreimalige Dokumentation (ausgewählte Lagereaktionen und manualtherapeutisch) der routinemäßig erhobenen Untersuchungsergebnissen von ca. 100 Säuglingen; Verordnung von Manueller Therapie (MT); T1=vor Therapiebeginn/ T2=nach der 3. Behandlung/ T3= U5 bzw. physiotherapeutische Nachuntersuchung.
Diskussion Die Häufigkeit von Behandlungserfolgen nach MT bzw. dem Bestehen von auffälligen Lagereaktionen könnte eine Aussage zum möglichst frühen Therapiebeginn auf neurophysiologischer Basis liefern.
Studienregistrierung DRKS00020886
Effects of input on L2 writing in English and Dutch
Authors: Van Mensel Luk , Bulon Amélie , Hendrikx Isa , Meunier Fanny , Van Goethem Kristel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study aims to explore the impact of formal and informal input on learners’ variability in writing, and to compare two target-language
conditions (Dutch and English) in CLIL and non-CLIL settings in French-speaking Belgium. A regression model shows that CLIL is a
significant predictor of L2 outcomes for both target languages, but that the relative impact of formal and informal input differs
depending on the target language. In short, the amount of formal language exposure predicts the outcomes of the written
productions of the learners of English, and the frequency of informal exposure those of the learners of Dutch. We argue that this
observation is likely related to the difference in status that each of these languages holds among the pupils in our sample. The
findings thus highlight the importance of the L2 status in research on CLIL, since different L2s can yield different results.
Shear viscosity of massless classical fields in scalar theory
Authors: Matsuda Hidefumi , Kunihiro Teiji , Ohnishi Akira , Takahashi Toru T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We investigate the shear viscosity of massless classical scalar fields in the $\phi^4$ theory on a lattice by using the Green–Kubo formula. Based on the scaling property of the classical field, the shear viscosity is represented using a scaling function. The equilibrium expectation value of the time-correlation function of the energy–momentum tensor is evaluated as the ensemble average of the classical field configurations, whose time evolution is obtained by solving the classical equation of motion starting from the initial condition in thermal equilibrium. It is found that there are two distinct damping time scales in the time-correlation function, which is found to show damped oscillation behavior in the early stage around a slow monotonic decay with an exponential form, and the slow decay part is found to dominate the shear viscosity in the massless classical field theory. This kind of slow decay is also known to exist in molecular dynamics simulations, so it may be a generic feature of dense matter.