bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Operation Rule of Check Valve in High Pressure Tubing Based on Improved Euler Method
Authors: Zhao Xiaolei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
When the fuel injection nozzle of the engine works, the actual fuel injection quantity will change due to the pressure change of the high-pressure fuel pipe, which will affect the working efficiency of the engine. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the operation rule of the check valve in the high-pressure fuel pipe so that the pressure is relatively stable at a certain value, the working process of the engine is more reasonable, and the engine loss is reduced. In this paper, the recursive formula of the mathematical model of the check valve and the high-pressure tubing is established, and the improved Euler method is used to solve the problem. It simulates its working condition at stable pressure and pressurization at different speeds, and then analyzes the reasonable operating cycle of the check valve accordingly, so that the pressure in the high-pressure fuel pipe meets the requirements.
Single Parameter Engine Analysis and Performance Optimization of a Medium Duty Gasoline Engine
Authors: Hushim Mohd Faisal , Noranai Zamri , Yan How Daniel Lau , Ikhsan Zainul Abidin Zainul Ameerul , Razali Mohd Azahari , Sapit Azwan , Mohamed Akmal Nizam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper examines various attempts to impose a single parameter analysis on the effect of intake valve opening (IVO) timings and intake runner length (IRL) technologies on the engine performance output at full load condition through an engine model representing 1.6 liter in-line 4 cylinders, 4-stroke SI engine constructed using GT-Power simulation software which is then simulated and correlated to the CAMPRO 1.6L model constructed previously with an updated crank train geometry such as cylinder stroke length and the connecting-rod length (con-rod) where comparison results of Volumetric Efficiency (VE), Brake Power (BP-kW), Brake Torque (BT-Nm) are carried out to maintain the accuracy and validity of the model to be used. This model is then used to simulate the engine performance under different sets of intake runner length (IRL) and difference sets of intake valve opening (IVO) timings. The various sets of IRL and IVO are then configured to correspond with each other to predict the most suitable optimization setups at targeted engine speeds, ranging from 2000-4000 RPM in this research to eliminate the existence of performance dip for better cycle efficiency. Results shown significant improvement through the different IVO timings and different IRL setups, as compared to the stock settings
Study on Behavior of Water Treatment Pump Before and After Modification using Finite Element Modal Analysis
Authors: Bin Fasal Mohamed Mohamed Firdous , Bin Azmir Nor Azali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to conduct a finite element analysis towards an existing water treatment pump and modification in order to reduce resonance. The application of water treatment pump is a way to inhale dirty water from the lower pressure to the high pressure area. Improvement and study about water treatment pump system to reducing the resonance with several modifications on the pump structure. Therefore, the pump will be designed to meet the requirement of the system. The basic concepts of available water treatment pumps were studied thoroughly. Designing with the actual measurements, the next step was to analyze the design using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for simulations of natural frequency, static and dynamic analysis via Solidworks2017. It is to make sure that the system can function without any failure and to determine the vibration level due to resonance phenomenon. Result for modal analysis shows that the excitation frequency which experienced by the pump casing is 47.57 Hz and the natural frequencies are above 500 Hz which is too high. After adding damping system to the pump casing, the natural frequency reduced to 6.9286Hz, 20.254 Hz, 9.477 Hz, 46.29 Hz and 71.819 Hz which in turn reduces the vibration. For rotary screw, natural frequencies were reduced when the material stiffness has been decreased from 74,000 N/m2 to 72,400 N/m2.
Development and Characterization of Injection Moulding Mould for Ulna Implant
Authors: Kamarudin N.H. , Ibrahim M.H.I. , Mahzan@Mohd Zin S. , Othman M.H. , Amin A.M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Metal injection moulding is a method by which metal parts are produced near net form by using metal feedstock. Current medical implants are products that must meet rigorous material, technology and functionality specifications. Corrosion resistance, bio-compatibility, bio-adhesion, bio-functionality and accessibility are the main medical desires of all medical implants. This work focused on the design and production of ulna plate implants using metal injection moulding. To be details on this, maximum stress and shrinkage of ulna implant components are studied. The size after demoulded from cavity was measured and compare to the cavity size. The range of shrinkage is observed by weights lost after debinding process that the result shows 0.1 gram decreased. The average maximum stress is 5.2749 MPa. Based on the result, the products are brittle after debinding process.
Investigation on the Performance of a Novel Dehumidifier for a Combined Solar Chimney and Liquid Desiccant Plant
Authors: Ang C Y , Alimin A J , Mahal S K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A dehumidifier was one of the main component in the hybrid liquid desiccant system and solar chimney micro-plant. The performance of the hybrid liquid desiccant system and solar chimney micro-plant was strongly depended on the performance of it dehumidifier, but it is yet to be analyzed in any of the previous studies. Therefore, moisture removal rate (MRR) and dehumidification effectiveness (ε) were two parameters that had been chosen to evaluate the performance of the cross flow, cellulose panel structured bed dehumidifier in this study. Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) desiccant solution was the only liquid desiccant solution used in this application. From the experiment, it was found that the highest effectiveness of the dehumidifier was about 22.78% and the highest moisture removal rate was about 0.22ml/s. Besides that, parametric analysis had been conducted on five inlet parameters: desiccant inlet concentration, desiccant inlet temperature, inlet air humidity ratio, inlet air mass flow rate and inlet air temperature; the most influencing parameter was found to be the inlet air humidity ratio, ya1. MRR increased by 52.68% and ε of the dehumidifier increased by 48.59% when ya1 increased from 0.0175-0.0200. Finally, three improvement strategies had been recommended: increasing the concentration of liquid desiccant, changing the type of liquid desiccant and increasing the thickness of the dehumidifier.
Production of disposable takeaway food container from areca leaf sheath (ALS) as sustainable packaging material
Authors: Jong Oi Ka , Yong Tze Mi , Jaafar Muharam Rafidi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Areca leaf sheath has been used traditionally to produce disposable plates and bowls in India for decades. This project aims to produce disposable takeaway food containers by using the fallen Areca leaf sheath. In order to achieve the aim, a press mold is self-designed and fabricated, and installed into a disposable paper plate press machine to form the sheath into container shape. The density of the sheath is 0.423 g.cm−3 and 0.391 g.cm−3 before and after press respectively. The moisture content percentage obtained before heat press is 19.19%, while after press is 5.01%. The sheath at its sheath line direction shows higher stiffness, which is 416.9g.cm, compared to the perpendicular sheath direction of 65.1g.cm. The sheath has a water absorption rate of 0.021g.min−1, which fulfils the purpose of disposable food packaging to contain foods with soup or sauce.
Dynamic Weighted Idle Time Heuristic for Flowshop Scheduling
Authors: Zainudin A.S. , Bareduan S.A. , Isa N.A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Flowshop scheduling is used to determine the optimal sequence of n jobs to be processed on m machines in the same order. The objective of this paper is to minimize the makespan for group of jobs waiting in the process system. It proposed a new heuristic that apply dynamic weighted idle time (DWIT) that used several weight factor values as a multiplication factor of the total idle time. The result shows that the average percentage errors and standard deviation for DWIT heuristic are smaller compared to the NEH (Nawaz, Enscore and Ham) and it achieved more than 50% of optimum answer. Therefore, this DWIT heuristic has great potential to outperform the NEH heuristic.
Sonication-Assisted Pine Cone Flower Cellulose Hydrolysis Using Formic Acid
Authors: Zakiyya ‘Urfa , ‘Uyunin  , Masruri Masruri , Ningsih Zubaidah , Srihardyastutie Arie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nanocellulose has many applications in industrial sectors, such as in pulp and papermaking, production of synthetic textile fibers, dye, ink, and coating materials. The cellulose itself can be isolated from the waste of pine cone flower. This paper reports formic acid in the different concentrations (10%, 30%, and 60%) for hydrolyzing of cellulose using sonication technique (48 kHz) at 45 °C for 60 mins. The hydrolyzed cellulose was analyzed using FTIR and XRD spectrometry. It was found that the hydrolyzed-cellulose isolated was 92.4%, 94.6%, and 89.6%, respectively. The FTIR spectra provided the band for O-H (3435 cm−1) and C-O-C (1180-1060 cm−1) functional groups. However, the spectra also showed the C=C band for lignin impurities at 1661 cm−1. Furthermore, The XRD data gave similar 2-theta values for all hydrolyzed cellulose at 16°, 22°, and 34° respectively. The crystallite size was 18.34, 15.09, and 15.07 nm. Meanwhile, the crystallinity index was 50.50, 52.70, and 51.60% respectively.
The potency of Polylathia longifolia from Indonesia and the Philippines as therapeutic agents on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by Indomethacin
Authors: Aulanni’am A , Anita T Z , Nahari D S , Aluka I A , Agustine E I , Novita T , Pentaloka A A , Wuragil D K , Riawan W , Beltran M A G 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Herbal medicines have the potential to be used as therapeutic agents. Polyalthia longifolia is widely grown in both Indonesia and the Philippines, but it has not commonly used for its therapeutic purposes. Some studies reported that P. longifolia leaves extract has anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, the potential of Polyalthia longifolia leaves extracts for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Indometachin-induced rats was tested. Four groups of rats were used for this research, were control (T1), rats with IBD with 10 mg/kg BW of sulfasalazine therapy (T2),) rats with IBD treated with 300 mg/kg BW of Indonesia P. longifolia leaves extract therapy (T3) and rats IBD treated with 300mg/kg BW of The Philippines P. longifolia leaves extract therapy (T4). Histopathology of gastric, duodenum, jejunum, and colon were analyzed, with protein profile and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions. The results showed that P. longifolia leaves extract therapy origin from Indonesia and the Philippines were potent as anti-inflammatory agents comparable to commercially available drugs against IBD. This works proposed the use of P. longifolia leaves as IBD therapy.
A molecular docking study of dehydroevodiamine as an inhibitor of epstein-barr virus protease
Authors: Azizah R N , Suharti  , Yahmin  
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a type of γ-herpes virus which cause kissing disease. The virus induces cancer and causes latent infection. EBV protease is one of the constituent capsid proteins that play an important role in assembling virions on nucleus and spreading them. Therefore, this enzyme potentially became one of inhibition target which have impact on the termination EBV life cycle. During this time, drugs to inhibit this enzyme had not been studied. This study aimed to examine dehydroevodiamine as a potential inhibitor EBV protease by molecular docking method. The docking was done through both blind and specific docking techniques and the Ki values were calculated using docking approach when RMSD is 0 Å. Molecule visualization was done using PyMol and dehydroevodiamine profile identification was done on Ro5. The results showed that dehydroevodiamine has binding affinity of -9.8 kcal/mol and -7.3 kcal/mol; predicted Ki (STP) of 1,426729x10−8 and 1,431479x10−6 for blind and specific docking, respectively. Dehydroevodiamine profiles does not violate Ro5. These values indicated the potential of dehydroevodiamine as an oral drug candidate for kissing disease. This finding opens possibility to do further work on wet-lab-levels.
The Effect of CMC, Agar, and Konjac on the Characteristics of Durian Seed Starch Edible Film
Authors: Haekal Muhammad Husain , Mawarani Lizda Johar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Edible film as synthetic plastic food wrap alternatives continuously developed. Durian seed starch is one of the materials used on edible film fabrication. This research studied on durian seed starch-based edible film with the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), agar, and konjac with a mass fraction of 10%, 20%, 30%. The observed characteristics were swelling degree and tensile strength of the fabricated film. The edible film solution was made using ratio of flour and additives, water, and glycerol of 1:20:0.3 (w/w), stirred for 20 minutes at 70°C. The results showed that agar addition on edible film made the film could not be fabricated, konjac addition increases the swelling degree and the tensile strength, while CMC addition increases the swelling degree and decreases the tensile strength. Agar and CMC are not compatible to be the additive on the durian seed starch edible film. The most optimal results were with the addition of 30% of konjac with the tensile strength of 9.4 MPa and swelling degree of 1073.81%
The Effect of Rice Bran on Triglyceride Levels and Histopatologic Aorta in Rat (Rattus norvegicus) of High Cholesterol Dietary Model
Authors: Mahdi Chanif , Citrawati Putri , Hendrawan Viski Fitri 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCholesterol is a steroid compound found in animals and humans. Total cholesterol normal levels in rat is 10-54 mg/dL and triglyceride 26-145 mg/dL. Rice bran has a crude fiber content and antioxidants that can be used to resolve these conditions. This study aims to determine the effect of rice bran as therapy in the rats (Rattus norvegicus) high-cholesterol dietary model towards triglyceride levels and histopathologic of the aorta. In this research, rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 5 groups with 4 repetitions. Group A as a negative control, group B was rat which fed with high cholesterol, group C was high-cholesterol diet model of rat with the 16% rice bran therapy/rat/day, group D was high-cholesterol diet model of rat with the 38% rice bran therapy/rat/day, and group E was high cholesterol diet model of rat with the 57% rice bran therapy/rat/day. Rice bran therapy performed for 21 days. Triglyceride levels were calculated by the GPO-PAP method and aortic histopathologic features were observed with HE staining (Hematoxylin-Eosin). The effect of rice bran on blood triglyceride levels was analyzed by one way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with α=5% and aortic histopathologic analysis was qualitatively descriptive. The results showed that rice bran therapy could significantly reduce triglyceride levels (p < 0.01) with a dose of 57%/rat/day to decrease triglyceride levels. Rice bran therapy also repaired aortic tissue histopathology of rat with high cholesterol diet model.
Removal of Cr(VI) Using Biochitin from White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Shell Modified by Dithizone
Authors: Mukhlisah Lutfiyatul , Rumhayati Barlah , Prasetyawan Sasangka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Biochitin is a chitin produced from the sequential fermentation of white shrimp shells using Lactobacillus plantarum followed by Bacillus thuringiensis. Biochitin was then modified by adding 0.015 g dithizone/g adsorbent in toluene followed by reflux for 4 hours at 70°C. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for removal of Cr(VI) using the dithizone modified biochitin (DiBch). This research was carried out using 25 mL Cr(VI) 50 mg/L mixed with DiBch adsorbents in various masses (0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5 gram). The mixture was stirred for various time (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours). Furthermore, the adsorption of electroplating waste with known concentrations was also carried out (0.92; 9.38; 92.39; 986.42 and 13215.94 mg/L). The results of this study indicate that Cr(VI) can be removed optimally using 0.4 g DiBch with stirring time of 2 hours. The removal efficiency of Cr(VI) from electroplating waste reached 83.45% ± 0.78.
Edible Coating Development of Durian Seeds Starch and Glucomannan with The Addition of Essential Oil As An Antimicrobial to Increase Shelf Life of Tomato and Cauliflower
Authors: Prabowo Andhika Suryo , Mawarani Lizda Johar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Edible coating can increase shelf life of fruit and vegetable that coated by minimizing water loss. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of essential oil to edible coating has been made from durian seed starch and glucomannan. The essential oil that is eucalyptus oil and virgin coconut oil (VCO) added with variations up to 2 wt% as antimicrobial to bacteria and fungi on tomatoes and cauliflowers. The results showed that the smallest degree of swelling is obtained on the sample with 2 wt% VCO amount 457.52%. All samples not found fungal growth and bacterial contamination in oil less samples amounted to 3.1 x 103 CFU/mL, therefore safe to consume according to BPOM no.16 of 2016. Organoleptic results showed that all samples could be accepted by all panellists except samples of VCO 2%, EO 1% and EO 2% were somewhat disliked. Edible coating application on tomatoes and cauliflower can increase their shelf life until 10 days.
The Preventive Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Rome Beauty Apple Peel (Malus sylvestrys Mill) towards Protease Activity and Jejunal Histopathology of Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Lead Acetate
Authors: Roosdiana Anna , Wardhana Analis Wisnu , Cahyo Putro Tarsisius Handaru 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The exposure of lead to body can be through inhalation, digestion and adsorption. Lead intoxication can lead to jejuna damages and increase protease activity due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Apple peel extract contains flavonoids that can scavenge ROS. This research aims to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Rome Beauty apple peel to protease activity and jejuna histological feature of rat exposed to lead acetate. This research used 20 rats, that divided into 5 treatment groups, which were negative control group (healthy rat), positive control group (exposed to lead acetate 10 mg/rat/day for 14 days), and preventive therapy group (administrated the apple peels extract with doses of 28 mg/200 g BW, 56 mg/200g BW, 112mg/200g BW for 21 days and also lead acetate with 10mg/rat/day for 14 days on day 15th until 28th). Jejunal histological features was stained using HE stain which then observed using a microscope. Protease activity was measured by using spectrophotometric method. The data of protease activity was statistically analyzed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey test (α = 5%). The results showed that the administration of ethanolic extract of Rome Beauty apple peels at best dose of 112 mg/200 g BW can reduce protease activity and improve jejuna histopathology. The conclusion of this study was that apple peels extract of Rome Beauty can be used to prevent the increase of protease activity and the damage of rat jejuna exposed to lead acetate.
Particle Size Effect on the Water Vapour – Activated Tamarind Seeds (Tamarindus indica
L.) Toward the Adsorbent Physical Properties
Authors: Salmawati Mimi , Gati Prabasti Kusumoning , Ningsih Zubaidah , Mardiana Diah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The increasing problem of dyestuff liquid waste in the textile industry occurs due to the low adsorption of textiles toward dyes. Therefore, various efforts have been made to enhance the fabric’s absorption. One method that has been done is by adding biomass-derived dye-binding additives which act as an adsorbent. One of potential biomasses is tamarind seeds. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of particle size of tamarind seeds, which is physically activated, on the adsorbent character. The variation of adsorbent particle size applied were -80 + 100 mesh (177-149 μm), -100 + 120 mesh (149- 125 µm), -120 + 150 mesh (125-99.3 µm) and less than 150 mesh (<99.3 µm). Tamarind seed was activated using water vapour at high pressure prior to the application. The adsorbent characters were studied based on particle size distribution, powder porosity, average relative molecular mass, and hydrophilicity. In addition, tamarind seed chemical structure was analysed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrophotometry, while adsorbent potency was studied in the form of an adsorbent thin film. The results showed that based on the analysis of particle size distribution, adsorbents with the best activation results was obtained by particle size of 125-149 μm. The highest porosity was achieved by particle that smaller than 99.3 µm and the highest average relative molecular mass, based on the Mark–Houwink approach, was obtained by particle size of 125-149 µm. The highest hydrophilicity, which was determined based on the contact angle, was obtained by particle sizes of 99.3-125 µm.
The Effect of K2O Concentration in K2O/Al2O3 Catalyst on Methyl Ester (Biodiesel) Synthesis from CPO Off Grade with Ultrasonic Wave
Authors: Santoso Aman , Wijaya Anugrah Ricky , Purwaningtyas Chandra Fetty , Sukarianingsih Dedek , Retnosari Rini , Sumari Sumari 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fatty acid methyl esters can be made through transesterification of vegetable oils with homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. Ultrasonic waves and the type of catalyst affect the transesterification reaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ultrasonic waves on the transesterification of CPO with the K2O/Al2O3 catalyst. Research stages: CPO off grade characterization, activation and characterization of natural zeolite, preparation and characterization of K2O/Al2O3 catalysts, and oil esterification. Transesterification of CPO with K2O/Al2O3 catalyst (3% w/w) at various levels of K2O assisted by ultrasonic waves. The characterization of transesterification results includes density, viscosity, refractive index, and acid number. The use of ultrasonic waves reduces the transesterification reaction time from 120 to 35 minutes. The optimum conditions of methyl ester synthesis were achieved in the K2O/Al2O3 catalyst with K2O levels of 35% w/w, with a yield of 88.06%. Characteristics of the synthesized methyl ester include density, viscosity, refractive index, and acid number respectively are 0.891 g/mol, 7.86 cSt, 1.454 and 0.465 which are in accordance with SNI biodiesel.
Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study of Pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid Derivatives
Authors: Zulqurnain Muhammad , Ghulam Fahmi M. Riza , Fadlan Arif , Santoso Mardi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives 1a-c with aromatic, cyclic, and aliphatic side chain were successfully synthesized. The structures of derivatives were confirmed by spectroscopic methods (FTIR, NMR, HRMS). The molecular docking was performed to determine the possible binding interaction between 1a-c with Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA protein. The derivative 1c showed the lowest rerank score (-86.4047 kcal mol−1) and it might correspond to the lowest experimental MIC value.