bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading in Phenomenology: Heidegger’s Approach to Religious Experience in St. Paul and St. Augustine
Authors: O’Rourke Jonathan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe importance of religious figures in Heidegger’s early development has long been understood. Beginning especially in the WS-1920, with the Phenomenology of Religious Life lectures, figures such as Paul and Augustine played essential roles in his early attempt to move beyond the legacy of Cartesian thought. Despite appearing to secularize these accounts, Heidegger nonetheless implies that it is because of their religiosity, and not in spite of it, that they are of phenomenological interest. For this reason, the exact status of religious descriptions in his phenomenology has been a source of contention. My argument in this paper, is that this status is best understood by turning to Heidegger’s early approach to phenomenological reading. This approach, I argue, is grounded in a performative model of language, exemplified in Destruction [Destruktion], and defines the limits within which he can engage with the religious character of historical texts.
Improving Analyses of Sanctions Busting
Authors: Golub Jonathan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhen economic sanctions are directed against a target state by a sender state, the sender obviously wants third countries to participate with the sanctions and can apply pressure on them to prevent sanctions busting behaviour. But why does sanctions busting vary, so that the target’s trade with some third-countries increases but with others decreases? In this paper I offer two improvements to the analysis of sanctions busting: a theoretical framework that recognises how the effects of covariates on sanctions busting can only be identified if we treat them as more conditional than previous studies have done, and a gravity model that captures these conditional effects while also addressing several common specification errors. Applying these improvements to data for 1950–2006 significantly alters some of the central findings contained in previous research about sanctions busting.
A possible alternative therapy for type 2 diabetes using Myristica fragrans Houtt in combination with glimepiride: in vivo evaluation and in silico support
Authors: Nasreen Waheeda , Sarker Suchitra , Sufian Md. Abu , Md. Opo F.A. Dain , Shahriar Mohammad , Akhter Rumana , Halim Mohammad A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the in vivo hypoglycemic potential of Myristica fragrans seed extract co-administered with glimepiride in Swiss albino mice. Computational tools were used to further verify the in vivo findings and to help compare this combination to the glimepiride-pioglitazone combination in terms of the binding affinity of the ligands to their respective target protein receptors and the relative stability of the drug-protein complexes. The effect of the combined therapy was observed both in alloxan- and glucose-induced hyperglycemic Swiss albino mice. The mean fasting blood glucose level of the test groups was measured and statistically evaluated using Student’s t test. The combined therapy significantly reduced the blood glucose level in a time-dependent manner compared to glimepiride alone. The binding affinity of glimepiride was found to be −7.6 kcal/mol with sulfonylurea receptor 1 in molecular docking. Conversely, macelignan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and macelignan-PPAR γ complexes were stabilized with −9.2 and −8.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamic simulation revealed that macelignan-PPAR α and γ complexes were more stable than pioglitazone complexes. The combination shows promise in animal and computer models and requires further trials to provide evidence of its activity in humans.
Persistent cortisol response to desmopressin predicts recurrence of Cushing’s disease in patients with post-operative corticotropic insufficiency
Authors: Cambos S , Mohammedi K , Castinetti F , Saie C , Young J , Chanson P , Tabarin A 
Published: March 2020

Objective
Cushing’s disease (CD) may recur despite corticotropic insufficiency (COI) following pituitary surgery. The predictive value of the desmopressin test (DT) for recurrence in this setting remains controversial. We have evaluated whether the disappearance of the response to DT predicts a low probability recurrence in a large cohort of patients with post-operative COI.

Design
Multicentre retrospective study.

Methods
Ninety-five patients with CD (women 82%, age 41 ± 14 years), responding preoperatively to DT and with early post-operative COI (08 00 am cortisol: <138 nmol/L), underwent a DT within 3 months post-surgery. Association between DT findings and the prediction of recurrence was tested using regression and ROC analyses.

Results
Recurrence occurred in 17/95 patients within 29 to 91 months. The cortisol peak (327, 95% CI (237–417) vs 121 (79–164) nmol/L, P = 0.0001) and absolute increment during DT (208 (136–280) vs 56 (22–90) nmol/L, P = 0.005) were greater in the recurrence vs remission group. Cortisol peak (AUC: 0.786 (0.670–0.902)) and increment (0.793 (0.672–0.914)) yielded a higher prognostic performance for recurrence than did the early post-operative 08 00 am cortisol (0.655 (0.505–0.804)). In the context of COI, cortisol peak >100 nmol/L and increment >30 nmol/L had a high negative predictive value (94, 95% CI (88–100) and 94, (88–100), respectively). Patients with a cortisol peak ≤100 nmol/L (vs >100) or an increment ≤30 nmol/L (vs >30) were less likely to have CD recurrence (odds ratios: 0.12, 95% CI (0.03–0.41) and 0.11 (0.02–0.36), respectively).

Conclusion
The disappearance of the response to the post-operative DT was independently associated with a lower odds of CD recurrence and offers an incremental prognostic value, which may help to stratify patients with COI and refine their follow-up according to the risk of recurrence.
Konsep Tafakkur Dalam Alquran Dalam Menyikapi Coronavirus Covid-19
Authors: Indriya Indriya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:Tafakkur in Arabic is interpreted as an act of thinking to bridge the perceptions and conceptions of this world life to the afterlife, and from creatures to their Creator, namely Allah. Tafakkur goes beyond this life to a wider region, the hereafter, and transcends the superficiality of materialism to a deeper horizon, that is "spirit" which can motivate all external and internal activities of Muslims. According to Ibn Khaldun in the book Mukadimmah has a fairly broad understanding. Education is not only a teaching and learning process that is limited by four walls, but education is a process in which humans consciously capture, absorb, and experience natural events throughout the ages. This study aims to treat the epidemic of the Covid 19 virus corona with an Islamic Education perspective approach. This research is a qualitative research with a literature review approach. The results found that the tafakkur corona Covid 19 virus in the perspective of the Islamic religion produced findings through, namely; first, quarantine, namely isolating the area affected by the plague is an appropriate action; Second, be patient; Third, be kind and work hard; Fourth, pray a lot.Keywords: Tafakkur, Islamic Religious Education, Corona virus Covid 19 AbstrakTafakkur dalam bahasa Arab diartikan sebagai tindakan berpikir untuk menjembatani persepsi dan konsepsi dari kehidupan dunia ini ke kehidupan akhirat, dan dari makhluk ke Penciptanya, yaitu Allah Swt. Tafakkur melampaui hidup ini ke wilayah lebih luas, akhirat, dan melampaui kedangkalan materialisme menuju horizon lebih dalam, yaitu “ruh” yang dapat memotivasi seluruh aktivitas eksternal dan internal kaum muslim. Menurut Ibn Khaldun di dalam buku Mukadimmah mempunyai pengertian yang cukup luas. Pendidikan bukan hanya merupakan proses belajar mengajar yang dibatasi oleh empat dinding, tetapi pendidikan adalah suatu proses dimana manusia secara sadar menangkap, menyerap, dan menghayati peristiwa-peristiwa alam sepanjang zaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk men-tafakkuri wabah corona virus Covid 19 dengan pendekatan perspektif Pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literature review. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa tafakkur corona virus Covid 19 dalam perspektif Agama Islam menghasilkan temuan melalui, yaitu; pertama, karantina yaitu mengisolasi daerah yang terkena wabah adalah sebuah tindakan yang tepat; Kedua, bersabar; Ketiga, berbaik sangka dan berikhtiarlah; Keempat, banyak berdoalah.Kata Kunci: Tafakkur, Pendidikan Agama Islam, Coronavirus Covid 19
Surgical management and prognostic factors in liver metastases from kidney cancer
Authors: Proskuryakov I. S. , Patyutko Yu. I. , Kotelnikov A. G. , Podluzhny D. V. , Polyakov A. N. , Kudashkin N. E. , Magomedov M. M. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. To evaluate short- and long-term results of surgical treatment of the liver metastases from kidney cancer, to identify prognostic factors.Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 67 patients who underwent surgical treatment for liver metastases from kidney cancer from 1990 to 2019. A total of 71 operations on the liver were performed (53 economical resections, 15 extensive resections, 3 radiofrequency thermoablation). Four of them were repeated for the development of metastases in the liver remant.Results. Postoperative morbidity was 30%. There was one (1,5%) intraoperative death. Within 90 days after surgery, all patients were alive. The 5-year overall survival was 64%, median was 73 months. Univariate analysis revealed factors that significantly worsened overall survival: stage III and IV kidney cancer at the time of nephrectomy; nonclear cell histological type of metastases; synchronous liver metastases; intraoperative blood loss more than 2000 ml. Gender, age (≥ 65 years) at the time of surgery, number of metastases, maximum diameter of the metastases, presence of extrahepatic disease and major liver resection did not have a statistically significant impact on overall survival.Conclusions. Surgical treatment allows to achieve long-term overall survival of patients with liver metastases from kidney cancer. Higher indicators of overall survival were noted in the clear-cell variant of kidney cancer, stage I–II, and the metachronic nature of hepatic metastases. Patients with large (≥4 cm) and multiple resectable liver metastases, having solitary and single metastases in other organs, provided that they are radically removed, can also be considered as candidates for surgical treatment.
”Left gastric vein to inferior vena cava” bypass in patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Lebezev V. M. , Manukyan G. V. , Fandeev E. E. , Kitsenko E. A. , Musin R. A. , Kosakevich E. A. , Rizaeva S. A. , Bobyleva Ya. S. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. To present the first Russian experience in the management of portal hypertension of various etiology by creating a selective portosystemic shunt between left gastric vein and inferior vena cava (leftgastric vein caval bypass).Material and methods. “Left gastric vein to inferior vena cava” bypass was performed in 6 patients with portal hypertension: 4 men and 2 women (mean age 40.4 years). The follow-up period ranged from 10 to 36 months.Results. “Left gastric vein to inferior vena cava” bypass was effective in the management of portal hypertension and its complications in 5 out of 6 patients. Complete eradication of esophagogastric varices and no variceal bleeding were observed in long-term period. These patients demonstrated no clinical or laboratory signs of hepatic encephalopathy and/or hepatic failure within the follow-up. One patient with thrombophilia and extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (factor V Leiden mutation) had thrombosis of the shunt and recurrent variceal bleeding in 6 months after surgery because of unauthorized abandonment of the anticoagulation.Conclusion. “Left gastric vein to inferior vena cava” bypass is an effective procedure for prevention of variceal bleeding (or recurrence) in patients with portal hypertension. The limitation of this technique is insufficient diameter of left gastric vein in many patients. This procedure has certain pathophysiological advantages over other types of portosystemic anastomoses due to highly selective nature of the shunt. Thus, this approach should be introduced into surgical treatment of these patients.
Percutaneous approach and rendezvous technique for the management of a cholangiolithiasis complicated by obstructive jaundice
Authors: Prazdnikov E. N. , Zinatulin D. R. , Shevchenko V. P. , Umyarov R. Kh. , Red'kina M. A. , Khoptyar M. S. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. To improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with cholelithiasis complicated by cholangiolithiasis and obstructive jaundice, using percutaneous technologies.Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 50 patients with cholelithiasis complicated by cholangiolithiasis and obstructive jaundice, which was not possible to use the endoscopic retrograde method of treatment was analyzed. Two representative clinical groups were formed according to the para-copy method: patients of the 1st group used the percutaneous method of treatment of cholangiolithiasis, patients of the 2nd group used the rendezvous technique.Results. The duration of the operation in the first clinical group was 85.60 ± 8.50 minutes, in the second – 64.80 ± 6.41 minutes. Intraoperative blood loss in both groups is minimal. The duration of postoperative hospital stay was: in the first group – 12.10 ± 1.25 days, in the second – 12.00 ± 1.25 days. In the first clinical group, the complication rate is 12%, in the second – 16%. No deaths were observed. The use of percutaneous laser lithotripsy allowed us to achieve the effectiveness of treatment of cholangiolithiasis in all patients in both clinical groups. The average consumption of a contrast agent per patient in the first group is 250.00 ml ± 25.00 ml, in the second – 370.00 ml ± 35.00 ml. Repeated debridement interventions in the first group were required by 2 (8%) patients, in the second – 8 (32%) patients.Conclusion. The frequency of complications, the duration of hospital stay and the effectiveness of treatment are comparable in both groups. If there is percutaneous access, hardware, instrumental and personnel support for percutaneous lithoextraction, there is no need to switch to a retrograde method for resolving cholangiolithiasis. The percutaneous method is an alternative minimally invasive method for treating patients with cholangiolithiasis and obstructive jaundice, which is impossible to perform “traditional” interventions or is associated with a high risk.
Hemobilia in percutaneous transhepatic cholangiostomy
Authors: Okhotnikov O. I. , Yakovleva M. V. , Grigoriev S. N. , Pakhomov V. I. , Okhotnikov O. O. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. To determine the dependence of the formation of vascular-biliary fistula with the bile ducts bleeding and along the drainage channel on the diameter of the puncture needle and access to the biliary tract.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of 3786 cases of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiostomy using needles 17.5-18 G under Amplatz 0.035’ conductor with a safe J-tip was carried out. In the cholangiostomy in the bile ducts was installed biliary tree drainage shape memory No 8 Fr. In benign lesions of the bile ducts 2066 (54.6%) interventions were performed, 1720 (45.4%) for malignant ones. Central access to the bile ducts was performed in 2442 cases (64.5%), peripheral – in 1344 cases (35.5%).Results. Significant hemobilia was observed in 21 (0.55%) cases: in 8 (0.47%) with a obstructive jaundice of malignant etiology, in 13 (0.63%) – benign etiology. In 3 cases, the cause of hemobilia was arteriobiliary fistula, in 16 – portobiliary, in 2 – biliovenous fistula. Central access was complicated by significant hemobilia in 10 patients, peripheral – in 11.Conclusion. The low frequency of significant hemobilia – 0.55% – when using puncture needles 17.5–18 G for primary access to the bile ducts proves the validity of their use in radiological practice, and also does not allow to consider central access critical for the development of hemorrhagic complications in percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.
Central segments liver resection for pediatric tumors
Authors: Akhaladze D. G. , Kachanov D. Y. , Uskova N. G. , Melekhina O. V. , Merkulov N. N. , Talypov S. R. , Schukin V. V. , Zhilkin I. V. , Rabaev G. S. , Moiseenko R. A. , Grachev N. S. 
Published: March 2020

Aim. To analyze the short-term outcomes of сentral segments liver resection in children, according to the initial experience.Мethods. The data of patients with different centrally located liver neoplasms were analyzed. This retrospective study included three patients with hepatoblastoma, one observation of mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver and one patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Different types of central liver resections were carried out in these patients between March and October 2018. The technical aspects and the short-term results are described.Results. Median age of patients was 78 months (9 months – 12 years). Patients underwent: segmentectomy 4b, bisegmentectomy 4b, 5, threesegmentectomy 4, 5, 6, mesohepatectomy (anatomical segmentectomy 4, 5, 8) with biliary reconstruction for posterior liver segments, mesohepatectomy with anatomical segmentectomy 6 and atypical S2, 3 resection. Dindo–Clavien grade IIIa postoperative complication developed in one patient. Vascular complications and posthepatectomy liver failure were absent. The hospital stay ranged between 9 to 14 days. The median follow-up period came to 8 months (7–14 months). The overall and event free survival at the time of writing is 100%.Conclusion. Resections of central liver segments in children are feasible and should be carried out in experiences in liver surgery centers.
TARİH BÖLÜMÜ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN AİLE TARİHİ ÖĞRETİMİ ÖNEMİ ÜZERİNE GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İÇERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: AKTAŞ Özgür , ŞAHİNGÖZ Mehmet , ERKAN Serdar 
Published: March 2020

Tarih
eğitiminde yerel tarih ve sözlü tarih önemli yer tutmaktadır. Sözlü tarih
alanında temel konulardan birisi de aile tarihidir. Akademik alanda dünya ve
Türk tarihine yön vermiş aileler üzerine araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Türk
tarihinde hanedan aileleri üzerine pek çok çalışma vardır. On dokuzuncu
yüzyıldan sonra ise tarih biliminin konusunun kralların, padişahların, zengin
insanların yanında sıradan insanın hayatını ele alması gerektiğine yönelik
düşünceler ortaya konulmuştur. İnsanlar sadece devletlerin, komutanların,
kralların, soyluların hayatları değil aynı zamanda işçilerin, köylülerin,
yoksulların da geçmişini merak eder. Bu nedenle
“aşağıdan tarih” diye nitelendirilen tarih sıradan insanı merkeze
almaktadır. Yirmi ve yirmi birinci
yüzyılda sözlü tarih ve yerel tarihle beraber sosyal tarihçilik de önemli bir
ivme kazanmıştır. Aile tarihi araştırmalarının ileriki yıllarda daha fazla önem
kazanacağı da düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı formasyon eğitimi alan tarih
grubu öğrencilerinin aile tarihi öğretimi hakkındaki düşüncelerini açığa
çıkarmaktır. Çalışma nitel yönteme dayanmaktadır. Formasyon tarih grubu
öğrencilerine “Sizce aile tarihi öğretiminin tarih eğitimindeki yeri nedir”?
sorusu sorularak bir kompozisyon yazmaları istenmiştir. Öğrencilerin yazdığı
kompozisyonlar içerik analizine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan
değerlendirmeler sonucunda tespit edilen kodlar ve temalarla öğrencilerin aile
tarihine yükledikleri anlam ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın
sonuçlarına bakıldığında öğrenciler en fazla kimlik oluşturduğu için ve genel
tarihi öğrenmeyi kolaylaştırdığı için aile tarihinin önemli olduğunu ifade
etmişlerdir.
“GENÇLER ÜSKÜDAR’IN TARİHİNİ YAZIYOR, BELGESELİNİ ÇEKİYOR”: TÜM SÜREÇLERİYLE BİR YEREL ve SÖZLÜ TARİH PROJESİ
Authors: KABAPINAR Yücel 
Published: March 2020

Son on yılda Sosyal Bilgiler ve Tarih derslerinin öğretiminde yerel
tarih, sözlü tarih, tarihsel empati, kanıt temelli tarih öğretimi gibi alana
has öğretim yöntemleri de ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. Ulusal tarihin
ötesinde, yerel tarih bir şehrin ya da ilçenin tarihini ve akla gelebilecek tüm
kültürel özelliklerini incelemeyi kapsamaktadır. Bu çerçevede okul
düzeyinde kullanılabilecek yerel tarih öğretimi yaklaşımı, öğrencinin yaşam
alanı içerisinde yer alan tarihsel bir eserin/şahsiyetin, geçmişinin birinci ve
ikinci elden eserler kullanılarak araştırılması ve sınıf arkadaşlarına, öğrenci
velilerine ya da yaşanılan bölge insanına sunulması etkinlikleri bütünüdür.
Yeni olması nedeniyle yerel tarih ve sözlü tarih öğretimi, ortaokul ya da lise
düzeyinde çok da etkin kullanılamamakta olup nitelikli örneklerin artmasına
gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede araştırmanın amacı, lise öğrencilerinin
saptanan ölçütleri göz önünde bulundurarak Üsküdar temelinde yerel ve sözlü
tarih çalışmaları yapmalarını ve yaptıkları bu araştırmayı belgesel halinde
sunmalarını sağlamaktır.

Araştırma nitel bir
araştırma olup eylem araştırması desenine göre şekillendirilmiştir.
Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu İstanbul’un Üsküdar ilçesinde görev yapan 3 tarih
öğretmeni ile projeye katılan 24 öğrenci (13 erkek ve 11 kız) oluşturmaktadır.
Çalışmaya katılan öğrenciler Üsküdar’da bulunan bir devlet lisesine devam
etmekte olup öğrencilerin 2’si 10. sınıf ve 22’si ise 11. sınıf öğrencileridir.
Öğrencilerin tamamı çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmışlardır. Yerel tarih ve
sözlü tarih çalışması çerçevesinde öğrenciler, Üsküdar ilçesinin tarihi açıdan
önemli ve çok da bilinmeyen bir değerini birinci ve ikinci elden yazılı (kitap,
makale, ansiklopedi, hatırat, bildiri metni) ve görsel kaynaklara (fotoğraf, resim,
tablo, film, karikatür gibi) ulaşarak incelemişlerdir. Bunlardan başka İstanbul
ve Üsküdar üzerine yazan araştırmacı, tarihçi ve Üsküdarlı halk ile görüşmeler
ve röportajlar yaparak farklı kaynaklardan veriler toplamışlardır. Bu
verilerden yola çıkarak öğrenciler öncelikle sözlü tarih de içeren yerel tarih
ödevini yazılı olarak çalışmışlar; bu çalışmayı merkeze alarak 20-25 dakika
arasında bir belgesel de çekmişlerdir. Araştırmanın veri toplama araçları
arasında “yazılı yerel tarih ödevi”, “belgesel”, ön ve son algı anketleri,
öğrenci ve öğretmen günlükleri yer almaktadır. Öğrenciler tarafından hazırlanan
yazılı ödevler ve belgeseller geliştirilen rubrik (derecelendirme ölçeği)
temelinde analiz edilmiştir. Bunun dışındaki diğer veri toplama araçlarının analizinde
nitel veri analiz yöntemlerinden içerik analizi kullanılmıştır.0000-0001-6039-0096
“KISALIK BİLGELİĞİN RUHUDUR”: ORTAÇAĞ TARİH ANLATILARINDA KISALIK YÖNTEMİ
Authors: DURGUN Fatih 
Published: March 2020

Tarihsel anlatıların işlevsel biçimde okuyucuya sunulması ve verilmek istenen öğretici ve ahlaki mesajın yerli yerince ifade edilebilmesi amacıyla retoriksel bir anlatı stratejisi olarak antik dönemden beri kullanılan kısalık yöntemi Ortaçağ Avrupa’sında yazılan tarih metinlerinin birçoğunda görülebilir. Okuyucuyu etkilemek, anlaşılır bir dille ikna edebilmek ve eğlendirmek gibi amaçları taşıyan anlatıda kısalık yöntemi hakikatin öz biçimde verilebilmesinin de etkin bir yolu olarak görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, Ortaçağ Avrupa tarihçiliğinde ihmal edilen anlatıda kısalık konusu bir anlatı türü olan Ortaçağ Avrupa kroniklerinden örneklerle tartışılacaktır. Ortaçağ tarihçileri anlatıda brevis yani kısalık/özlük sorununa neden önem vermişlerdir? Bir başka deyişle, farklı tarihçilerin eserlerinde anlatının kısa olması gerektiği vurgusu niye bu kadar öne çıkmıştır? Bu sorular etrafında yapılacak tartışma, Ortaçağ tarihçilerinin kısalık/özlük ilkesine dayanarak okuyucu kitlesini, her ne kadar sınırlı bir kitleden bahsediyorsak da, dikkate aldıklarını, bu ilke aracılığıyla geçmişte yaşanılan hakikati tarihsel gerçeklik alanında anlaşılır biçimde sunmayı hedeflediklerini ve sıkıcı olacakları kaygısıyla okuyucuyu hem keyif alarak okumaya hem de düşünmeye sevk etmek istediklerini ortaya koyacaktır.