bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of mitochondrial oxidative stress and the tumor microenvironment in radiation-related cancer
Authors: Shimura Tsutomu 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe health risks associated with low-dose radiation, which are a major concern after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident (the Fukushima accident), have been extensively investigated, and the cancer risks from low-dose radiation exposure (below ~ 100 mSv) are thought to be negligible. According to World Health Organization and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation reports, the level of radiation exposure from the Fukushima accident is limited, estimating no significant increased risk from the accident. Radiation-induced cell injury is mainly caused by oxidative damage to biomolecules, including DNA, lipids and proteins. Radiation stimulates metabolic activation within the mitochondria to provide energy for the DNA damage response. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and III are the most important intracellular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells. Manganese superoxide dismutase and glutathione are key players in redox control within cells. However, perturbation of the antioxidant response leads to chronic oxidative stress in irradiated cells. Excess ROS of mitochondrial origin is reported in cancer-associated fibroblast and promotes carcinogenesis. The aim of this review paper is to discuss critical roles of mitochondria in radiation-related cancer by introducing our recent studies. In particular, elevated mitochondrial ROS in stromal fibroblasts potentiate transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling, which triggers smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression to stimulate myofibroblast differentiation. Radiation-induced myofibroblasts promote tumor growth by enhancing angiogenesis. Thus, radiation affects both malignant cancer cells and neighboring stromal cells through secretion of soluble factors.
The effect of photoionizing feedback on the shaping of hierarchically-forming stellar clusters
Authors: González-Samaniego Alejandro , Vazquez-Semadeni Enrique 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We use two hydrodynamical simulations (with and without photoionizing feedback) of the self-consistent evolution of molecular clouds (MCs) undergoing global hierarchical collapse (GHC), to study the effect of the feedback on the structural and kinematic properties of the gas and the stellar clusters formed in the clouds. During this early stage, the evolution of the two simulations is very similar (implying that the feedback from low-mass stars does not affect the cloud-scale evolution significantly) and the star-forming region accretes faster than it can convert gas into stars, causing the instantaneous measured star formation efficiency (SFE) to remain low even in the absence of significant feedback. Afterwards, the ionizing feedback first destroys the filamentary supply to star-forming hubs and ultimately removes the gas from it, thus first reducing the star formation (SF) and finally halting it. The ionizing feedback also affects the initial kinematics and spatial distribution of the forming stars because the gas being dispersed continues to form stars, which inherit its motion. In the non-feedback simulation, the groups remain highly compact and do not mix, while in the run with feedback, the gas dispersal causes each group to expand, and the cluster expansion thus consists of the combined expansion of the groups. Most secondary star-forming sites around the main hub are also present in the non-feedback run, implying a primordial rather than triggered nature. We do find one example of a peripheral star-forming site that appears only in the feedback run, thus having a triggered origin. However, this appears to be the exception rather than the rule, although this may be an artefact of our simplified radiative transfer scheme.
X-ray properties of dust-obscured galaxies with broad optical/UV emission lines
Authors: Zou (邹凡) Fan , Brandt William N , Vito Fabio , Chen (陳建廷) Chien-Ting , Garmire Gordon P , Stern Daniel , Ayubinia Ashraf 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs) with extreme infrared luminosities may represent a key phase in the co-evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes. We select 12 DOGs at 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 1.0 with broad Mg ii or H β emission lines and investigate their X-ray properties utilizing snapshot observations (∼3 ks per source) with Chandra. By assuming that the broad lines are broadened due to virial motions of broad-line regions, we find that our sources generally have high Eddington ratios (λEdd). Our sources generally have moderate intrinsic X-ray luminosities (LX ≲ 1045 erg s−1), which are similar to those of other DOGs, but are more obscured. They also present moderate outflows and intense starbursts. Based on these findings, we conclude that high-λEdd DOGs are closer to the peaks of both host-galaxy and black hole growth compared to other DOGs, and that (active galactic nucleus) AGN feedback has not swept away their reservoirs of gas. However, we cannot fully rule out the possibility that the broad lines are broadened by outflows, at least for some sources. We investigate the relations among LX, AGN rest-frame 6 μm monochromatic luminosity, and AGN bolometric luminosity, and find the relations are consistent with the expected ones.
The composition of hot Jupiter atmospheres assembled within chemically evolved protoplanetary discs
Authors: Notsu Shota , Eistrup Christian , Walsh Catherine , Nomura Hideko 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The radial-dependent positions of snowlines of abundant oxygen- and carbon-bearing molecules in protoplanetary discs will result in systematic radial variations in the carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratios in the gas and ice. This variation is proposed as a tracer of the formation location of gas-giant planets. However, disc chemistry can affect the C/O ratios in the gas and ice, thus potentially erasing the chemical fingerprint of snowlines in gas-giant atmospheres. We calculate the molecular composition of hot Jupiter atmospheres using elemental abundances extracted from a chemical kinetics model of a disc mid-plane, where we have varied the initial abundances and ionization rates. The models predict a wider diversity of possible atmospheres than those predicted using elemental ratios from snowlines only. As found in previous work, as the C/O ratio exceeds the solar value, the mixing ratio of CH4 increases in the lower atmosphere, and those of C2H2 and HCN increase mainly in the upper atmosphere. The mixing ratio of H2O correspondingly decreases. We find that hot Jupiters with C/O &gt; 1 can only form between the CO2 and CH4 snowlines. Moreover, they can only form in a disc which has fully inherited interstellar abundances, and where negligible chemistry has occurred. Hence, carbon-rich planets are likely rare, unless efficient transport of hydrocarbon-rich ices via pebble drift to within the CH4 snowline is a common phenomenon. We predict combinations of C/O ratios and elemental abundances that can constrain gas-giant planet formation locations relative to snowline positions, and that can provide insight into the disc chemical history.
SN 2018gjx reveals that some SNe Ibn are SNe IIb exploding in dense circumstellar material
Authors: Prentice S J , Maguire K , Boian I , Groh J , Anderson J , Barbarino C , Bostroem K A , Burke J , Clark P , Dong Y , Fraser M , Galbany L , Gromadzki M , Gutiérrez C P , Howell D A , Hiramatsu D , Inserra C , James P A , Kankare E , Kuncarayakti H , Mazzali P A , McCully C , Müller-Bravo T E , Nichol M , Pellegrino C , Smartt S J , Sollerman J , Tartaglia L , Valenti S , Young D R 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the data and analysis of SN 2018gjx, an unusual low-luminosity transient with three distinct spectroscopic phases. Phase I shows a hot blue spectrum with signatures of ionized circumstellar material (CSM), Phase II has the appearance of broad SN features, consistent with those seen in a Type IIb supernova at maximum light, and Phase III is that of a supernova interacting with helium-rich CSM, similar to a Type Ibn supernova. This event provides an apparently rare opportunity to view the inner workings of an interacting supernova. The observed properties can be explained by the explosion of a star in an aspherical CSM. The initial light is emitted from an extended CSM (∼4000 R⊙), which ionizes the exterior unshocked material. Some days after, the SN photosphere envelops this region, leading to the appearance of a SN IIb. Over time, the photosphere recedes in velocity space, revealing interaction between the supernova ejecta and the CSM that partially obscures the supernova nebular phase. Modelling of the initial spectrum reveals a surface composition consistent with compact H-deficient Wolf–Rayet and Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) stars. Such configurations may not be unusual, with SNe IIb being known to have signs of interaction so at least some SNe IIb and SNe Ibn may be the same phenomena viewed from different angles, or possibly with differing CSM configurations.
Early science with the LMT: molecular torus in UGC 5101
Authors: Cruz-González I , Gómez-Ruiz A I , Caldú-Primo A , Benítez E , Rodríguez-Espinosa J M , Krongold Y , Aretxaga I , Snell R , González-Martin O , Negrete C A , Narayanan G , Hughes D H , Yun M S , Fazio G G , Chavushyan V , Hiriart D , Jiménez-Bailón E , Herrera-Endoqui M , Martínez-Paredes M , González J J 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
As part of the Early Science Large Millimeter Telescope projects, we report the detection of nine double-peaked molecular lines, produced by a rotating molecular torus, in the ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRG) – Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (AGN) galaxy UGC 5101. The double-peaked lines we report correspond to molecular transitions of HCN, HCO+, HNC, N2H+, CS, C18O, 13CO, and two CN lines; plus the detection of C2H that is a blend of six lines. The redshift search receiver spectra covers the 73–113 GHz frequency window. Low- and high-density gas tracers of the torus have different implied rotational velocities, with a rotational velocity of 149 ± 3  km s−1 for the low-density ones (C18O, 13CO) and 174 ± 3  km s−1 for high-density tracers (HCN, HCO+, HNC, N2H+, CS, and CN). In UGC 5101, we find that the ratio of integrated intensities of HCN to 13CO to be unusually large, probably indicating that the gas in the torus is very dense. Both the column densities and abundances are consistent with values found in AGN, starburst, and ULIRG galaxies. The observed abundance ratios cannot discriminate between X-ray and UV-field-dominated regions.
The evolution of large cavities and disc eccentricity in circumbinary discs
Authors: Ragusa Enrico , Alexander Richard , Calcino Josh , Hirsh Kieran , Price Daniel J 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the mutual evolution of the orbital properties of high-mass ratio, circular, co-planar binaries and their surrounding discs, using 3D Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations. We investigate the evolution of binary and disc eccentricity, cavity structure, and the formation of orbiting azimuthal overdense features in the disc. Even with circular initial conditions, all discs with mass ratios q &gt; 0.05 develop eccentricity. We find that disc eccentricity grows abruptly after a relatively long time-scale (∼400–700 binary orbits), and is associated with a very small increase in the binary eccentricity. When disc eccentricity grows, the cavity semimajor axis reaches values $a_{\rm cav}\approx 3.5\, a_{\rm bin}$. We also find that the disc eccentricity correlates linearly with the cavity size. Viscosity and orbit crossing appear to be responsible for halting the disc eccentricity growth – eccentricity at the cavity edge in the range ecav ∼ 0.05–0.35. Our analysis shows that the current theoretical framework cannot fully explain the origin of these evolutionary features when the binary is almost circular (ebin ≲ 0.01); we speculate about alternative explanations. As previously observed, we find that the disc develops an azimuthal overdense feature in Keplerian motion at the edge of the cavity. A low-contrast overdensity still co-moves with the flow after 2000 binary orbits; such an overdensity can in principle cause significant dust trapping, with important consequences for protoplanetary disc observations.
Cell cycle regulated DNA methyltransferase: fluorescent tracking of a DNA strand-separation mechanism and identification of the responsible protein motif
Authors: Konttinen Olivia , Carmody Jason , Pathuri Sarath , Anderson Kyle , Zhou Xiaofeng , Reich Norbert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
DNA adenine methylation by Caulobacter crescentus Cell Cycle Regulated Methyltransferase (CcrM) is an important epigenetic regulator of gene expression. The recent CcrM-DNA cocrystal structure shows the CcrM dimer disrupts four of the five base pairs of the (5′-GANTC-3′) recognition site. We developed a fluorescence-based assay by which Pyrrolo-dC tracks the strand separation event. Placement of Pyrrolo-dC within the DNA recognition site results in a fluorescence increase when CcrM binds. Non-cognate sequences display little to no fluorescence changes, showing that strand separation is a specificity determinant. Conserved residues in the C-terminal segment interact with the phospho-sugar backbone of the non-target strand. Replacement of these residues with alanine results in decreased methylation activity and changes in strand separation. The DNA recognition mechanism appears to occur with the Type II M.HinfI DNA methyltransferase and an ortholog of CcrM, BabI, but not with DNA methyltransferases that lack the conserved C-terminal segment. The C-terminal segment is found broadly in N4/N6-adenine DNA methyltransferases, some of which are human pathogens, across three Proteobacteria classes, three other phyla and in Thermoplasma acidophilum, an Archaea. This Pyrrolo-dC strand separation assay should be useful for the study of other enzymes which likely rely on a strand separation mechanism.
Tract-Specific Relationships Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and Periventricular White Matter in Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity
Authors: Morales Diego M , Smyser Christopher D , Han Rowland H , Kenley Jeanette K , Shimony Joshua S , Smyser Tara A , Strahle Jennifer M , Inder Terrie E , Limbrick David D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is associated with neurological morbidity and complex neurosurgical care. Improved tools are needed to optimize treatments and to investigate the developmental sequelae of PHH.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the relationship between diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of PHH.

METHODS
A total of 14 preterm (PT) infants with PHH and 46 controls were included. PT CSF was collected at temporizing surgery in PHH infants (PHH PT CSF) or lumbar puncture in controls. Term-equivalent age (TEA) CSF was acquired via implanted device or at permanent CSF diversion surgery in PHH (PHH-TEA-CSF) or lumbar puncture in controls. TEA dMRI scans were used to measure fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the genu of corpus callosum (gCC), posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), and optic radiations (OPRA). Associations between dMRI measures and CSF amyloid precursor protein (APP), neural cell adhesion-1 (NCAM-1), and L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) were assessed using Pearson correlations.

RESULTS
APP, NCAM-1, and L1CAM were elevated over controls in PHH-PT-CSF and PHH-TEA-CSF. dMRI FA and MD differed between control and PHH infants across all tracts. PHH-PT-CSF APP levels correlated with gCC and OPRA FA and PLIC MD, while L1CAM correlated with gCC and OPRA FA. In PHH-TEA-CSF, only L1CAM correlated with OPRA MD.

CONCLUSION
Tract-specific associations were observed between dMRI and CSF biomarkers at the initiation of PHH treatment. dMRI and CSF biomarker analyses provide innovative complementary methods for examining PHH-related white matter injury and associated developmental sequelae.
Exact solution of a cluster model with next-nearest-neighbor interaction
Authors: Yanagihara Yuji , Minami Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 1D cluster model with next-nearest-neighbor interactions and two additional composite interactions is solved; the free energy is obtained and a correlation function is derived exactly. The model is diagonalized by a transformation obtained automatically from its interactions, which is an algebraic generalization of the Jordan–Wigner transformation. The gapless condition is expressed as a condition on the roots of a cubic equation, and the phase diagram is obtained exactly. We find that the distribution of roots for this algebraic equation determines the existence of long-range order, and we again obtain the ground-state phase diagram. We also derive the central charges of the corresponding conformal field theory. Finally, we note that our results are universally valid for an infinite number of solvable spin chains whose interactions obey the same algebraic relations.
Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value? Iceland and the Equal Pay Standard
Authors: Wagner Ines 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Job evaluation systems have a history of being critiqued as upholding gender inequality. Paradoxically, however, the Icelandic Equal Pay Standard (IEPS), a novel and publicly praised gender equality policy, is based on a job evaluation tool. The aim of this article is to stipulate an initial analysis of how key stakeholders in the Icelandic context view and assess the strengths and weaknesses of the IEPS so far. Drawing on organizational literature and feminist institutionalism, the findings show how equal pay for work of equal value can be achieved. At the same time, the article highlights the need for more emphasis on and awareness of the value of feminized work within organizations, which remains underrecognized in the IEPS.
Interference mechanism analysis and mitigation measures with railway signalling equipment from harmonics in the traction system
Authors: Li Zhiyu , Liu Shanghe 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With the development of high-speed railway and heavy-haul rail transport in China, a large number of new types of electric locomotives and electric multiple units have been put into operation, improving the efficiency and equipment quality of railway transportation. However, harmonics emitted from the traction system and locomotives often interfere with the railway signalling equipment, which can lead to critical malfunction of the equipment. Based on field test data, this paper analyses the interference coupling mechanism and magnitude of traction harmonics to the signalling equipment using a three-element method of interference. It examines the three essential elements of electromagnetic interference, studies harmonic mitigation measures and proposes to solve the problem of inteference with signalling equipment by installing a passive high-pass filter in the coupling path. After comparing the effects of several types of filters using simulation tests, this paper verified the validity of the method and concluded that a second-order passive filter is the optimal solution for harmonic interference mitigation.
Coronavirus disease-19 vaccine development utilizing promising technology
Authors: Wang Yihan , Xing Man , Zhou Dongming 
Published: September 2020

Purpose of review
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic pneumonia-causing disease, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, resulting in millions of deaths globally. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 may coexist with human populations for a long time. Therefore, high-effective COVID-19 vaccines are an urgent need.

Recent findings
Vaccines help in the development of long-lasting humoral or cellular immunity, or both, by exposing individuals to antigens that induce an immunological response and memory prior to infections with live pathogens. New vaccine technologies, such as viral vectors and nucleic acid-based vaccines, which represent highly versatile technologies, may allow for faster vaccine manufacture and scale up production.

Summary
We summarized the recent progress made in relation to COVID-19 vaccine development using several promising technologies, with particular emphasis on advancements that are currently at the clinical trial stage.
Adverse Events Associated With Cryolipolysis: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Hedayati Bobak , Juhász Margit , Chu Sherman , Mesinkovska Natasha Atanaskova 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND
Cryolipolysis is a popular procedure for people seeking noninvasive body contouring. As with any novel therapy, it is critical for providers to familiarize themselves with related adverse events (AEs), to provide appropriate information to patients before treatment.

OBJECTIVE
To describe reported complications and AEs associated with cryolipolysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review was completed using the PubMed database and following search terms: “cryolipolysis” or “lipocryolysis” or “CoolSculpting.” Only randomized clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective studies, case series, and case reports describing AEs related to cryolipolysis as well as studies written in English were included for review.

RESULTS
Fifty-three articles were included in this review. The most common AEs associated with cryolipolysis were treatment site erythema, numbness/paresthesia, bruising, and edema. More serious complications of cryolipolysis include severe/persistent pain, dysesthesia, skin hyperpigmentation, motor neuropathy, and paradoxical adipose hyperplasia.

CONCLUSION
Cryolipolysis is a safe option for patients seeking noninvasive body contouring. Most reported AEs are minimal and resolve quickly. It is important that physicians are aware of serious, irreversible AEs and are prepared to counsel patients appropriately before treatment.
Update on Nonfacial Fat Transplantation
Authors: Coleman Kyle , Coleman William P. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND
Fat transplantation is becoming increasingly popular for off-face rejuvenation.

OBJECTIVE
To provide an update in the literature of current knowledge and emerging concepts in the use of fat transplantation for nonfacial applications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This update includes the potential benefits and risks of using fat transfer techniques on the body.

RESULTS
The current literature and author experiences are provided to help understand this growing field of aesthetic procedures.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of nonfacial fat transplantation is increasing and will become a larger part of aesthetic practices.