bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rapid and Efficient Protocol for Adventitious Shoot Regeneration and Genetic Transformation of Manchurian Ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) using Hypocotyl Explants
Authors: Liu Lin , Cao Yang , Zhan Yaguang , Qi Fenghui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) is an endangered hardwood tree species, providing both economic and medicinal benefits. However, observations such as browning of adventitious shoot buds and high rate of somatic embryo abnormality, were presented in protocols of F. mandshurica regeneration. Therefore, a rapid and high-efficiency regeneration system is demanded for mass propagation and genetic transformation of F. mandshurica.Results: We have developed an efficient regeneration system through adventitious shoot organogenesis in F. mandshurica using hypocotyl explants, with which the adventitious shoots are able to elongate and were obtained in an affordable time. Hypocotyls excised from embryos were pre-cultured in the dark on woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 6 g L -1 potassium citrate, and then inoculated on WPM medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to induce adventitious shoot bud formation. The induction medium supplemented with a single PGR of 1.0 mg L -1 thidiazuron (TDZ) was the best treatment, showing 86.67% shoot bud induction with a 15-day initial dark culture, followed by culture under a low light condition. The survival rate of regenerated shoot buds reached 70.97% on WPM medium supplemented with 0.025 mg L -1 TDZ and 1.0 mg L -1 gibberellic acid (GA3). Based on this regeneration system, By using the sonication plus vacuum-infiltration method,a protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation of hypocotyls was established,the transformation rate was determined to be 3.57%. Conclusions: Key factors, such as the potassium citrate pretreatment, wound treatment on explants, variable light conditions, and significant PGR interactions, were revealed to affect the induction and elongation of adventitious shoots from F. mandshurica hypocotyls in this study. The adventitious shoots, tissue culture plantlets, and rooted plantlets were obtained at 40, 80-100, and 160 days, respectively. This regeneration system shortens the period of traditional regeneration methods, which require months to induce callus from leaves or stems, and additional several months for organ differentiation. In addition, the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol established on the basis of this regeneration system provides a foundation for breeding, genetic improvement and genomic studies of F. mandshurica.
Bronchopulmonary and Cardiovascular Pathology in Asthmatic Patient with Paecilomycosis
Authors: Sizova Zhana M. , Akhunov Vasili M. , Azimzadeh Amir A. , Lavrentieva Tatyana P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be withdrawn due to erroneous posting.
Impact of Climate Change on Artificial Recharge System
Authors: Jafariroodsari Saied , Nourani Vahid , Gokçekuş Hüseyin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Does climate change affect the quantity and quality of the wells near the artificial recharge site? Considering the research background, it seems that there has not been a comprehensive study on the impact of climate change and the trend of groundwater quality changes in jafakendeh aquifer. In this study, relation jafakendeh aquifer, climate change in north Iran, evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine trends, changes in groundwater level with some climatic variables of jafakendeh aquifer with the non-parametric Mann-Kendall method and Change-Point Detection with Pettitt’s process. The results of the model show that the climate change factor does not affect the groundwater level after the establishment of an artificial recharge system. The results of the research can be used for evaluation Cost-Benefit Analysis of artificial recharge sites after construction.
Diabetes associated with abnormal p53 immunohistochemical patterns in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Zeran , Ma Jie , Qi Guangwei , Zhang Xin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Previous study has suggested a link between diabetes and colorectal cancer (CRC), but the specific molecule for the link has not been well-understood. Abnormal p53 immunohistochemical (IHC) pattern is an accurate predictor for TP53 gene mutation. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and p53 IHC patterns in CRC.
Methods

We analyzed p53 protein expression of 742 cases of CRC with radical colectomy by immunohistochemistry. The patients were grouped into subsets of non-diabetes (n = 570) and diabetes (n = 172), and further divided into subgroups of 1 normal p53 IHC pattern (p53 wild type or WT) and 3 abnormal p53 IHC patterns which included heterogeneous pattern (HT), overexpression (OE) and complete absence (CA).
Results

The ratios of p53 abnormal pattern in groups of T2DM and non-T2DM were 70.9% and 50.9% (P < 0.001). Univariately, groups of both T2DM and prediabetes (FPG: 6.1 ~ 6.9 mmol/L) were significantly associated with abnormal p53 pattern, compared with normal FPG control (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001). Moreover, T2DM was significantly associated with abnormal p53 patterns in cases with microsatellite instability (MSI) stable (MSS)/MSI-low phenotype (P < 0.001) and distal colon/rectum location, but not in cases with MSI-high phenotype and proximal colon location (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis retained the above significance. Furthermore, abnormal p53 IHC patterns were positively associated with risk of lymph node metastasis and high tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage of CRC, which suggested a link between the abnormal p53 IHC patterns and aggressive clinical outcome.
Conclusion

Diabetes is associated with risk of abnormal p53 IHC patterns in CRC. It was suggested that diabetes might influence carcinogenesis, progression and prognosis via inducing TP53 mutation and abnormal p53 expression in CRC.
Evaluating the Validity and Reliability of the Chinese Entrapment Scale and the Relationship to Depression Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Shanghai, China
Authors: Xu Chen , Yu Xiaoyue , Tsamlag Lhakpa , Zhang Shuxian , Chang Ruijie , Wang Huwen , Liu Shangbin , Wang Ying , Cai Yong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Perceptions of entrapment can emerge when someone feels trapped in an aversive situation and incapable of escape. Depression and suicidal tendency are closely related to the construct of entrapment. In China, men who have sex with men (MSM) have a high incidence of depression and suicide; therefore, a tool to evaluate entrapment in this population is needed. We introduced and translated the Entrapment Scale (ES) into Chinese and evaluated its validity, reliability, applicability, and relationship to depression among MSM in Shanghai.Methods: After the original ES was localized into a Chinese version, it was disseminated to 304 MSM from four districts in Shanghai. Participants completed a health behavior questionnaire that included baseline information and psychological measurements such as the ES and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The sample was randomly divided into two groups for exploratory factor analysis (n = 143) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 161). Criterion validity was tested to explore the correlation between ES and PHQ-9 scores. The reliability of the ES was evaluated with internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α coefficient) and split-half reliability (Spearman-Brown coefficient). We performed hierarchical regression analysis to determine the contribution of entrapment to predicting depressive symptoms after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Finally, receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to measure the optimal ES cut-off value for predicting depression. Results: Factor analysis showed the ES had one principal component, and was a one-dimensional scale with acceptable model fit. The correlation coefficient between ES and PHQ-9 scores was 0.756 (P<0.01). The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.970 and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.976. ES scores significantly predicted an additional 45.1% of depressive symptoms after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics in the MSM population (β=0.689, P<0.001). The optimum cut-off value was 23, which had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 85.4%.Conclusions: The Chinese version of the ES has good validity, reliability, and applicability in the MSM population in Shanghai, and can be used to evaluate perceptions of entrapment among MSM. The findings confirmed an association between entrapment and depression.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting overall survival in papillary renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Jiawu , Zhang Chengyao , Lin Yanjun , Jiang Qing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Papillary RCC (PRCC) is the second most common pathological subtype after clear cell RCC (ccRCC), representing 10–20% of treatment of renal tumors. The aim of this study was to establish a reliable nomogram model to evaluate the prognosis of papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) for overall survival (OS).
Patients and methods

: In total, 6,028 patients with PRCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were randomly separated into training (n = 4,220) and validation (n = 1,808) cohorts. Cox regression analyses were used to identify the significant variables. A nomogram was established to predict the prognosis of an individual patient with PRCC in terms of OS based on the Cox model. The predictive accuracy of the nomogram model was assessed via discrimination and calibration plots.
Results

Data of 6,028 patients with PRCC were retrieved from the SEER database. Age at diagnosis, grade, Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage (TNM, AJCC, 7th edition), surgical treatment, tumor number and marital status were the significant independent prognostic variables. All variables were combined to establish a nomogram. Compared to the TNM stage system 7th edition, our nomogram exhibited a favorable discrimination power for OS prediction both in the training and validation cohorts. The calibration curves revealed high consistency between the prognosis prediction of our nomogram and the actual survival.
Conclusions

The nomogram displayed a excellent performance, suggesting that it could be considered an effective and individualized tool for prognosis prediction of OS in patients with PRCC.
Polyfunctional perovskite oxides optimized for efficient CO2 splitting against oxidative impurity via chemical looping
Authors: Liao Xiangbiao , Long Yanhui , Chen Yan , Zangiabadi Amirali , Wang Hua , Liu Qinggang , Li Kongzhai , Chen Xi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Via redox chemistry, chemical looping reduction of CO2 to CO provides a promising strategy for mitigating carbon emissions. However, it’s still challenging to directly reduce CO2/O2 mixture gas due to lack of effective oxygen carriers towards reductive C–O bond scission in the presence of strongly oxidative gas. Here, we report an autocatalytic strategy of polyfunctional perovskite oxides to achieve enhanced C–O bond activation and superior performance of methane driven syngas generation. The self-generated Ni nanoparticles, through Ni cations migrating from the bulk lattice to the surface of LaFeO3 perovskite under fast methane reduction, are identified as catalytically active sites for enhancing C-H activation in the methane oxidation step. The reduced Ni-LaFeO3 oxygen carrier features multifunctional active sites with Ni species for accelerating C–O activation and oxygen vacancies for O2 adsorption in the step of CO2 splitting with the presence of abundant O2. At 800℃, the 5 at.% Ni-LaFeO3 perovskite stably exhibited high performances during 100 redox cycles: 98% CO selectivity in the methane oxidation step, and 98.5% CO2 conversion in the step of CO2 splitting even with the presence of 25 at.% O2. This efficient and durable perovskite underpins an economic utilization of impure CO2 from various carbon sources with no requirement for energy-costing purifications.
High frequency of BRAF mutations in mucinous ovarian carcinoma of Taiwanese patients
Authors: MD PhD C Wan-Ru , Li Li Yi-Ju , PhD Ming-Yung , PhD Gwo-Tarng , Han Chih-Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

In view of the encouraging clinical evidence of BRAF inhibitors that can treat some melanoma patients successfully, we aimed to investigate the status of BRAF mutations of primary mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MOC) in Taiwanese women, and apply the emerging paradigm classification of BRAF mutation groups.
Methods

DNA was extracted from micro-dissected tissue samples using the QIAamp® DNA FFPE Kit. The mutations of activation segment (exon 15), CR3 (conserved regions 3), kinase domain of the BRAF gene were analyzed using the highly sensitive BRAF mutant enriched kit (FemtoPath®) with subsequent Sanger sequencing method. Additionally, we extended our prior data of HER2 aberrations and KRAS mutation into this study in order to compare with the status of BRAF mutation.
Results

Out of the 20 cases tested, 16 (80%) harbored BRAF missense mutations. Their mutation profile and case number (n) were categorized as (1) class I: V600E (n = 1), V600M (n = 1); (2) class II: A598V (n = 1), T599I (n = 10); (3) class III: none (n = 0); and (4) unclassified variants: S602F (n = 2), dual T599I plus S602F (n = 1). The BRAF missense mutation (S602F) is novel. In addition, the prevalence of BRAF gene mutation is significantly higher than HER2 gene mutation (80% vs. 35%; p = 0.022,) and HER2 gene amplification (80% vs. 35%; p = 0.022), respectively. However, the mutation rates of BRAF and KRAS were not significantly different (80% vs. 60%; p = 0.289).
Discussion

Our results showed that BRAF mutation is not uncommon in primary MOC of Taiwanese. When taken together with previous published data, we found that the activating BRAF mutation, HER2 amplification, HER2 mutation and KRAS mutation were not mutually exclusive, but simultaneously independent. However, they may even have a synergistic effect in tumorigenesis.
Conclusions

The BRAF variant with T599I stands the majority. These findings suggested that there was a lower potential response to the existing V600 BRAF inhibitors, but may be responsive to dual BRAF plus MEK inhibitors or single MEK inhibitor in MOC. Further studies are warranted to investigate the clinical benefits of newly targeted therapy in recurrent or advanced stage MOC patients carrying each class of BRAF mutation.
Deep Evaluation to the Evolution History of Heat Shock Factor (HSF) Gene Family and Its Expansion Pattern in Seed Plants
Authors: Liao Yiying , Liu Zhiming , Gichira Andrew W. , Yang Min , Mbichi Ruth Wambui , Yang Dan , Wang Qingfeng , Wan Tao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHSF (Heat shock factor) genes are essential in the irreplaceable functions in some of the basic developmental pathways in plants. Despite the extensive studies on the structure, function diversification, and evolution of HSF, their divergent history and gene duplication pattern remain unsolved. To further illustrate the probable divergent patterns in these subfamilies, we visited the evolutionary history of the HSF via phylogenetic reconstruction and genomic syntenic analyses by taking advantage of the increased sampling of genomic data for pteridophyta, gymnosperms and basal angiosperms. ResultsWe identified a novel clade including HSFA2, HSFA6, HSFA7, HSFA9 with complex relationship, very likely due to orthologous or paralogous genes retained after frequent gene duplication events. We suggested that HSFA9 was derived from HSFA2 through gene duplication in eudicots at ancestral state, and then expanded in a lineage-specific way. Our findings indicated that HSFB3 and HSFB5 emerged before the divergence of ancestral angiosperms, but were lost in common ancestors of monocots. We also presumed that HSFC2 was derived from HSFC1 in ancestral monocots. ConclusionThis work proposes that in the era of early differentiation of angiosperms during the radiation of flowering plants, the member size of HSF gene family was also being adjusted, accompanied with considerable sub- or neo-functionalization. The independent evolution of HSFs in eudicots and monocots, including lineage-specific gene duplication gave rise to a new gene in ancestral eudicots and monocots, and lineage-specific gene loss in ancestral monocots. Our analyses provide essential insights for studying evolution history of multigene family.
Factors associated with hepatic fibrosis and its deterioration among fatty liver elderly: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lien Yu-Shian , Lin Hsin-Hui , Chen Chuen-Fei , Tsou Meng-Ting , Hwang Lee-Ching 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe progression of hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) constitutes a major concern in public health as it is associated with many liver-related complications and mortalities such as cirrhosis, varices, or the development of liver cancer. The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors that deteriorated the degree of hepatic fibrosis, using the FIB-4 score, in elderly NAFLD patients.MethodsWe collected data from a health examination database. Background information, including demographic characteristics, biochemical blood tests, blood pressures, body mass index (BMI), and abdominal sonography, was collected. We compared the FIB-4 scores from patients’ first and last visits at their health check-up, and multiple logistic regression models with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used for adjusting covariates to test the risk factors for deterioration of the FIB-4 scores.Results:A total of 742 patients with NAFLD were included in this study, and 534 (72%) were female. The average age and BMI were 71.8 ± 5.6 years and 26.1 ± 3.0 kg/m2, respectively. We divided the population based on mild, moderate, and severe hepatic fibrosis groups according to their FIB-4 scores. Patients with severe FIB-4 scores had a baseline total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lower than the mild and moderate group (p<0.05), and fasting glucose was higher in the mild versus moderate group (p<0.05). After adjusting for covariates, dyslipidemia, including higher serum levels of LDL (odds ratio [OR]:1.02, CI: 1.00-1.03) and log-triglyceride (OR: 1.68, CI: 1.15-2.45), lower levels of log-high-density lipoprotein (OR:1.68, CI: 1.16-2.42), and longer follow-up years (OR:1.17, CI: 1.08-1.27) were factors that deteriorated the FIB-4 scores.ConclusionsOur study concluded that FIB-4 scores increased over time, and dyslipidemia was a major deteriorating factor for hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, elderly patients with NAFLD should be regularly followed-up and assessed for dyslipidemia to prevent further deterioration of hepatic fibrosis.
Low pressure video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy in the treatment of penile cancer: a historical control study
Authors: Xian Peng , Yuan Gangjun , Dai Junyong , Tang Xianli , Yuan Fang , Song Yanping , Li Jun , Li Yuan , Luo Hong , Liu Nan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and ObjectiveTo decrease the risk of complications of inguinal lymphadenectomy by investigating the value of low CO2 pressure video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy in the treatment of penile cancer.MethodsThe clinical data of a total of 44 patients who underwent video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) were collected for statistical analysis.ResultsThe average operation time was ( 106.88 ± 17.93) min in low CO2 pressure (LP) group and ( 115.79 ± 20.29) min in normal CO2 pressure (NP) group. The average number of lymph nodes was (10.83 ± 2.14) in LP group and (11.16 ± 1.77) ml in NP group. The intraoperative PaCO2 value was (45.51 ± 4.57) mmHg in LP group and (50.77 ± 6.50) ml in NP group. The PH value of blood gas analysis was (7.35 ± 0.05) in LP group and (7.31 ± 0.04) ml in NP group. The incidence of emphysema was 2/25 in LP group while it was 9/19 in NP group. 2 cases of skin metastasis and 1 lung metastasis were observed in NP group, but not in LP group.ConclusionsDecrease of CO2 pressure during operation will not increase the difficulty of the surgery. LP VEIL can reduce the risk of complications including hypercapnia and the subcutaneous or lung recurrence.
Knowledge and Risk Perception of Kidney Disease among Childbearing Women in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Akokuwebe Monica Ewomazino , Odimegwu Clifford 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn spite of kidney disease (KD) as one of the eight leading causes of death in women and a chronic public health concern, little is known about women’s knowledge and risk perception of KD. We assessed knowledge and perception of KD risk among childbearing women in Lagos State, Nigeria.MethodsAdministering a pre-tested, structured questionnaire among 825 women aged 15-49 years, we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to evaluate self-reported KD knowledge and risk perception among women of childbearing age in urban and semi-urban communities in Lagos State, Nigeria. We employed binary and multinomial logistic regression to assess KD knowledge and risk perception. We used descriptive statistics (mean, frequencies and percentages) to assess socio-demographic factors influencing knowledge and risk perception of KD risk factors.ResultsFour hundred and forty-four (53.8%) out of 825 individuals reported being knowledgeable of KD with significant proportion found in the younger adults’ age group (15-29 years), with mean age of 33.5±11.5 years. High prevalence of self-reported KD risk factors were pica craving, poor diets (junk foods and high in salt), hypertension and urinary tract infection. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the following factors increased the likelihood of knowledge and risk perception of KD: high education, high income and family history of KD. Perception of KD risk at age 40-49 years (OR = 1.22, CI= 1.02-1.63, p = 0.00) and diabetes (OR = 1.40, CI= 1.59-1.18, p = 0.00) were significantly perceived as predictors of an increased risk for KD development.ConclusionOur study reveals high knowledge of KD but low perception of KD risk factors and its ailments. In view of this, this calls for urgent measures to create sensitization and provide public KD behavioural health interventions as well as easy communication strategies for women to secure better access to pre- and post-natal healthcare services.