bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cordyceps cateniannulata, a novel entomopathogenic fungus to control Stenoma impressella Busck (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) in Colombia
Authors: Montes‐Bazurto Luis Guillermo , Bustillo‐Pardey Alex Enrique , Medina‐Cárdenas Héctor Camilo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStenoma impressella is one of the most important defoliator pests in oil palm plantations in Colombia. To identify an alternative method for its control was characterized biologically and molecularly two strains of Cordyceps cateniannulata (CPIsp1201 and IPIsp1201) and three strains of Beauveria bassiana (CPBb0502; CPBb0411; CPBb0404) against S. impressella larvae. Virulence was evaluated under laboratory conditions. In an oil palm leaflet, individual larvae obtained from the insect colony were inoculated with 5 μl of a conidial suspension containing 1 × 107 conidia/ml. The five strains were pathogenic against S. impressella larvae. CPIsp1201 and IPIsp1201 strains resulted in the highest mortality and were subsequently evaluated in two bioassays using a dose of 1 × 1013 conidia/ha. In the first bioassay, performed under shaded conditions, leaves of oil palms were infested with 75 larvae from the breeding/treatment. The second bioassay was performed in the field using natural populations. No differences were found between strains in both bioassays and the different dosages (5 × 1012, 1 × 1013, and 1.5 × 1013 conidia/ha). Finally, the two strains were evaluated under oil palm plantation conditions at a dose of 1 × 1013 conidia/ha in 126 naturally infested palms. Larval mortality caused by the strains IPIsp1201 and CPIsp1201 (79.5% and 70.5%, respectively) was higher than the natural mortality registered in the control (37.3%). Cordyceps cateniannulata used at 1 × 1013 conidia/ha was effective at controlling S. impressella.
Isolation and molecular characterization of streptococcal species recovered from clinical infections in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Philippines
Authors: Legario Francis S. , Choresca Casiano H. , Turnbull Jimmy F. , Crumlish Margaret 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStreptococcosis cause severe losses for global tilapia farming, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize streptococci recovered from Nile tilapia farmed in the Philippines. Moribund and apparently healthy fish were sampled from grow‐out cages, ponds and hatcheries. Clinical signs observed included exophthalmia, eye opacity, ascites, lethargy, erratic swimming and haemorrhages. Results showed that both Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus agalactiae were associated with disease in these sites. Consistent with global reports, including those from South‐East Asia, S. agalactiae was more widespread than S. iniae. Molecular serotyping of the S. agalactiae isolates identified the serotype Ia and serotype Ib. Histopathological findings were meningitis, meningoencephalitis and septicaemia. Identical virulence profiles were found for all strains of S. iniae, while S. agalactiae strains were separated into virulence profile I and profile II. All strains were susceptible to the tested antibiotics and resistant to oxolinic acid. Only S. agalactiae serotype Ib showed resistance to sulphamethoxazole–trimethoprim. This is the first study from the Philippines to characterize the streptococci involved in disease outbreaks in tilapia aquaculture. Outputs from this study will promote the development of efficacious disease control strategies in tilapia farming for the Philippines and South‐East Asia.
Prevalence of the pathobiont adherent‐invasive Escherichia coli and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nadalian Banafsheh , Yadegar Abbas , Houri Hamidreza , Olfatifar Meysam , Shahrokh Shabnam , Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid , Suzuki Hidekazu , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEscherichia coli pathobionts and particularly the adherent‐invasive E. coli (AIEC) may play a putative role in initiating and maintaining the inflammatory process in the intestinal tissues of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, by providing stimulatory factors that trigger gut immune system activation. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the prevalence of AIEC among patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).MethodsElectronic databases were searched up to February 2020 for relevant publications reporting the prevalence of AIEC in IBD patients. The prevalence rate of AIEC among CD and UC patients, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated compared to non‐IBD controls.ResultsThe final dataset included 12 studies, all investigating AIEC isolates from ileal/colonic specimens. The OR for prevalence of AIEC in CD patients was 3.27 (95% CI 1.79–5.9) compared with non‐IBD controls. The overall pooled prevalence of AIEC among CD patients was 29% (95% CI 0.17–0.45), whereas this prevalence was calculated to be 9% (95% CI 0.03–0.19) in controls. Moreover, the prevalence of AIEC in UC subjects was calculated 12% (95% CI 0.01–0.34), while AIEC showed a prevalence of 5% (95% CI 0.0–0.17) among the controls. The OR for prevalence of AIEC in UC patients was 2.82 (95% CI 1.11–7.14) compared with controls.ConclusionsThere is a substantial increase in the prevalence of AIEC in IBD patients compared with controls. This review supports the growing evidence that AIEC could be involved in both CD and UC pathogenesis.
Interaction of Skeletal and Left Ventricular Mass in Older Adults with Low Muscle Performance
Authors: Pelà Giovanna , Tagliaferri Sara , Perrino Felice , Bussolati Giacomo , Longobucco Yari , Zerbinati Luna , Adorni Elisa , Calvani Riccardo , Cesari Matteo , Cherubini Antonio , Bernabei Roberto , Di Bari Mauro , Landi Francesco , Marzetti Emanuele , Lauretani Fulvio , Maggio Marcello 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUNDIt was recently hypothesized the existence of “cardiac‐skeletal muscle axis.” However, the relationship between skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and left ventricular mass (LVM) has never been investigated in the specific group of older individuals with low skeletal mass and physical performance.We tested this hypothesis in the SPRINT‐T (Sarcopenia and Physical Frailty IN older people: multicomponenT Treatment strategies Trial) population using LVM as independent variable and SMM as dependent variable.METHODSSMM was assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan and expressed as appendicular lean mass (ALM), and LVM was estimated through echocardiography. Low ALM was defined according to Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project criteria, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was used to assess physical performance.RESULTSThe population consisted of 100 persons (33 men and 67 women), aged 70 years or older (mean age = 79 ± 5 years) with low ALM and SPPB ranged between 3 and 9, suggestive of physical frailty. Charlson Comorbidity Index median score was 0. Mean value of LVM was 193 ± 67 g, indexed LVM/body surface area (LVM/BSA) was 112 ± 33 g/m2, and cardiac output (CO) was 65 ± 19 L/min. ALM was strongly and positively correlated with LVM (r = 0.54602; P < .0001), LVM/BSA (r = 0.30761; P < .002), CO (r = 0.49621; P < .0001), body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.52461; P < .0001), sex (r = 0.77; P < .001), fat mass (r = 0.38977; P < .0001), and hemoglobin (Hb) (r = 0.26001; P < .01). In the multivariate analysis, LVM (β = .019 ± .005; P < .0001), CO (β = .038 ± .016; P = .019), BMI (β = .286 ± .051; P < .0001), and Hb (β = .544 ± .175; P = .0025) remained associated to ALM.CONCLUSIONSIn a sample of older persons with low muscle mass and physical performance, LVM was positively and significantly correlated with ALM, independently from blood pressure, physical activity, and other potential confounders. Future studies are needed to address the effect of interventions targeting LVM and SMM.
Stemming the Tide of COVID‐19 Infections in Massachusetts Nursing Homes
Authors: Lipsitz Lewis A. , Lujan Alida M. , Dufour Alyssa , Abrahams Gary , Magliozzi Helen , Herndon Laurie , Dar Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESIn April 2020, Massachusetts nursing homes (NHs) became a hotspot for COVID‐19 infections and associated deaths. In response, Governor Charles Baker allocated $130 million in additional funding for 2 months contingent on compliance with a new set of care criteria including mandatory testing of all residents and staff, and a 28‐point infection control checklist. We aimed to describe the Massachusetts effort and associated outcomes.DESIGNLongitudinal cohort study.SETTINGA total of 360 Massachusetts NHs.PARTICIPANTSThe Massachusetts Senior Care Association and Hebrew SeniorLife rapidly organized a Central Command team, targeted 123 “special focus” facilities with infection control deficiencies for on‐site and virtual consultations, and offered all 360 facilities weekly webinars and answers to questions regarding infection control procedures. The facilities were also informed of resources for the acquisition of personal protective equipment (PPE), backup staff, and SARS‐CoV‐2 testing.MEASUREMENTSWe used two data sources: (1) four state audits of all NHs, and (2) weekly NH reports to the Massachusetts Center for Health Information and Analysis. Primary independent process measures were the checklist scores and adherence to each of its six core competencies. Primary outcomes were the average weekly rates of new infections, hospitalizations, and deaths in residents and staff. We used a hurdle mixed effects model adjusted for county COVID‐19 prevalence to estimate relationships between infection control process measures and rates of new infections or deaths.RESULTSBoth resident and staff infection rates started higher in special focus facilities, then rapidly declined to the same low level in both groups. Adherence to infection control processes, especially proper wearing of PPE and cohorting, was significantly associated with declines in weekly infection and mortality rates.CONCLUSIONThis statewide effort could serve as a national model for other states to prevent the devastating effects of pandemics such as COVID‐19 in frail NH residents.
The FGF2‐induced tanycyte proliferation involves a connexin 43 hemichannel/purinergic‐dependent pathway
Authors: Recabal Antonia , Fernández Paola , López Sergio , Barahona María J. , Ordenes Patricio , Palma Alejandra , Elizondo‐Vega Roberto , Farkas Carlos , Uribe Amparo , Caprile Teresa , Sáez Juan C. , García‐Robles María A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the adult hypothalamus, the neuronal precursor role is attributed to the radial glia‐like cells that line the third‐ventricle (3V) wall called tanycytes. Under nutritional cues, including hypercaloric diets, tanycytes proliferate and differentiate into mature neurons that moderate body weight, suggesting that hypothalamic neurogenesis is an adaptive mechanism in response to metabolic changes. Previous studies have shown that the tanycyte glucosensing mechanism depends on connexin‐43 hemichannels (Cx43 HCs), purine release, and increased intracellular free calcium ion concentration [(Ca2+)i] mediated by purinergic P2Y receptors. Since, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) causes similar purinergic events in other cell types, we hypothesize that this pathway can be also activated by FGF2 in tanycytes to promote their proliferation. Here, we used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation to evaluate if FGF2‐induced tanycyte cell division is sensitive to Cx43 HC inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Immunocytochemical analyses showed that cultured tanycytes maintain the expression of in situ markers. After FGF2 exposure, tanycytic Cx43 HCs opened, enabling release of ATP to the extracellular milieu. Moreover, application of external ATP was enough to induce their cell division, which could be suppressed by Cx43 HC or P2Y1‐receptor inhibitors. Similarly, in vivo experiments performed on rats by continuous infusion of FGF2 and a Cx43 HC inhibitor into the 3V, demonstrated that FGF2‐induced β‐tanycyte proliferation is sensitive to Cx43 HC blockade. Thus, FGF2 induced Cx43 HC opening, triggered purinergic signaling, and increased β‐tanycytes proliferation, highlighting some of the molecular mechanisms involved in the cell division response of tanycyte.
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This article has an Editorial Highlight see https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15218.
Bridewealth Marriage in the 21st Century: A Case Study from Rural Mozambique
Authors: Chae Sophia , Agadjanian Victor , Hayford Sarah R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines trends over several decades in bridewealth marriage and analyzes the association of bridewealth with women's experiences in marriage in a rural sub‐Saharan setting.BackgroundBridewealth—payments from the groom's to the bride's family as part of the marriage process—has long been a central element of kinship and marriage systems in patrilineal sub‐Saharan Africa. This payment, which symbolizes the transfer of sexual and reproductive rights from the wife's to the husband's family, is grounded in a collectivist‐oriented family system that closely ties women's status and value to their reproductive capacity.MethodThe study draws on population‐based longitudinal survey data collected in 2006, 2009, and 2011 from 1,552 women in rural Mozambique. Multivariable regression was used to investigate whether year of marriage predicts being in a bridewealth marriage and whether bridewealth status predicts marital dissolution, women's decision‐making autonomy, women's work outside of subsistence agriculture, or modern contraceptive use.ResultsThe proportion of marriages involving bridewealth payment has declined over time. While no difference by bridewealth status exists in women's autonomy levels or modern contraceptive use, women in bridewealth marriages are less likely to divorce over a 5‐year period and less likely to work outside of subsistence agriculture, net of other factors.ConclusionThese findings reflect the complexity of a modernizing marriage system. With the decline of bridewealth marriage, its meaning has evolved, becoming increasingly indicative of individual wealth and status rather than family control.
Exclusive enteral nutrition is effective and feasible as primary induction and re‐induction therapy in Asian children with Crohn's disease
Authors: Chan Kok Joo , Song Zhi Liang , Chew Kee Seang , Ng Ruey Terng , Mohd Taib Siti Hawa , Lee Way Seah 
Published: September 2020

AimWe aimed to ascertain the efficacy and feasibility of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) as an induction and re‐induction therapy in Asian children with Crohn's disease (CD).MethodsAll children diagnosed with CD between 1995 and 2019 were reviewed. Response to induction was compared between EEN and standard immunosuppression (IS) using Paediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index, growth failure, perianal disease and extra‐intestinal manifestations. Two study groups were analysed: (i) primary induction and (ii) re‐induction for relapses.ResultsTwenty‐nine children (mean age (± standard deviation) at diagnosis 9.4 ± 8.5 years old, ileo‐colonic 35%, non‐stricturing 79%) were studied. At primary induction (group 1; n = 18), no difference was observed in remission rates (9/13 vs. 5/5; P = 0.278), efficacy for improving growth failure (6/8 vs. 0/1; P > 0.999), perianal disease (4/6 vs. 0/2; P > 0.999) and extra‐intestinal manifestations (2/2 vs. 0/0; P > 0.999) with EEN or standard IS. Group 2 (n = 38 relapses), no difference was observed in remission rates (16/19 vs. 15/19, P > 0.999), growth failure (0/7 vs. 4/14; P = 0.328), perianal disease (1/10 vs. 7/7; P > 0.999) and extra‐intestinal manifestations (0/0 vs. 1/1; P > 0.999) with EEN or standard IS. Both treatment modalities were equally effective as re‐induction in relapses in patients previously treated with EEN (P = 0.191).ConclusionAs compared to standard IS, EEN was equally effective in primary induction and re‐induction for relapse in Asian children with CD and can be repeatedly used for recurrent relapses.
Assessment of urinary 15‐F2‐isoprostanes in dogs with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder and other lower urinary tract diseases
Authors: Woolcock Andrew D. , Cheney Adrienne , Deshuillers Pierre , Knapp Deborah , Moore George E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 15‐F2‐isoprostanes are by‐products of oxidative stress and are increased in the urine of people with lower urinary tract diseases (LUTD), especially urinary neoplasia. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common urinary neoplasm in dogs. Earlier detection of UC by noninvasive means could lead to improved outcomes. Urinary 15‐F2‐isoprostanes potentially could provide this means, but have not been evaluated in dogs with UC.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to measure urinary 15‐F2‐isoprostanes in dogs with UC and dogs with other LUTD.AnimalsOne hundred seventeen dogs: 46 dogs with UC, 30 dogs with LUTD, and 25 control dogs.MethodsAny dog that was presented with dysuria was eligible for inclusion. Diagnosis of UC was confirmed histologically. Urinalysis was performed in each case, and 15‐F2‐isoprostanes quantified by gas chromatography‐negative ion chemical ionization‐mass spectrometry (GC‐NICI‐MS) and normalized to urinary creatinine concentration.ResultsDogs with urinary diseases (UC + LUTD) had higher median urinary 15‐F2‐isoprostanes when compared to control dogs (5.92 ng/mg [range, 0.46‐31.03] vs 3.73 [range, 1.8‐7.98]; P = .02). Urinary 15‐F2‐isoprostanes were similar in dogs with UC (5.33 ng/mg [range, 0.46‐31.03]) compared to dogs with LUTD (6.29 ng/mg [range, 0.54‐18.93]; P = .47) and control dogs (P = .06). Dogs with UC had higher qualitative measures of proteinuria (P = .004), hematuria (P = .01), and epithelial cells on urinalysis (P = .002) compared to the other groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUrinary F2‐isoprostanes are not useful for the detection of UC in dogs. Future research could evaluate urinary 15‐F2‐isoprostanes as a marker of inflammation in disease progression and prognosis.
pH variability off Goa (eastern Arabian Sea) and the response of sea urchin to ocean acidification scenarios
Authors: Shetye Suhas S. , Naik Hema , Kurian Siby , Shenoy Damodar , Kuniyil Nandakumar , Fernandes Michelle , Hussain Afreen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration in the last few decades has resulted in a decrease in oceanic pH. In this study, we assessed the natural variability of pH in coastal waters off Goa, eastern Arabian Sea. pHT showed large variability (7.6–8.1) with low pH conditions during south‐west monsoon (SWM), and the variability is found to be associated with upwelling rather than freshwater runoff. Considering that marine biota inhabiting dynamic coastal waters off Goa are exposed to such wide range of natural fluctuations of pH, an acidification experiment was carried out. We studied the impact of low pH on the local population of sea urchin Stomopneustes variolaris (Lamarck, 1816). Sea urchins were exposed for 210 days to three treatments of pHT: 7.96, 7.76 and 7.46. Our results showed that S. variolaris at pHT 7.96 and 7.76 were not affected, whereas the ones at pHT 7.46 showed adverse effects after 120 days and 50% mortality by 210 days. However, even after exposure to low pH for 210 days, 50% organisms survived. Under low pH conditions (pHT 7.46), the elemental composition of sea urchin spines exhibited deposition of excess Sr2+ as compared to Mg2+ ions. We conclude that although the sea urchins would be affected in future high CO2 waters, at present they are not at risk even during the south‐west monsoon when low pH waters reside on the shelf.
Magnaporthe oryzae nucleoside diphosphate kinase is required for metabolic homeostasis and redox‐mediated host innate immunity suppression
Authors: Rocha Raquel O. , Wilson Richard A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe fungus Magnaporthe oryzae causes blast, the most devastating disease of cultivated rice. After penetrating the leaf cuticle, M. oryzae grows as a biotroph in intimate contact with living rice epidermal cells before necrotic lesions develop. Biotrophic growth requires maintaining metabolic homeostasis while suppressing plant defenses, but the metabolic connections and requirements involved are largely unknown. Here, we characterized the M. oryzae nucleoside diphosphate kinase‐encoding gene NDK1 and discovered it was essential for facilitating biotrophic growth by suppressing the host oxidative burst—the first line of plant defense. NDK enzymes reversibly transfer phosphate groups from tri‐ to diphosphate nucleosides. Correspondingly, intracellular nucleotide pools were perturbed in M. oryzae strains lacking NDK1 through targeted gene deletion, compared to WT. This affected metabolic homeostasis: TCA, purine and pyrimidine intermediates, and oxidized NADP+, accumulated in Δndk1. cAMP and glutathione were depleted. ROS accumulated in Δndk1 hyphae. Functional appressoria developed on rice leaf sheath surfaces, but Δndk1 invasive hyphal growth was restricted and redox homeostasis was perturbed, resulting in unsuppressed host oxidative bursts that triggered immunity. We conclude Ndk1 modulates intracellular nucleotide pools to maintain redox balance via metabolic homeostasis, thus quenching the host oxidative burst and suppressing rice innate immunity during biotrophy.
Effects of the herbal preparation STW 5‐II on in vitro muscle activity in the guinea pig stomach
Authors: Schemann Michael , Landmann Martina , Kelber O. , Ammar Ramy M. , Krueger Dagmar , Michel K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSTW 5 is a combination of nine medicinal herbal extracts and used to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders including functional dyspepsia. It has a region‐specific effect by relaxing the proximal and contracting the distal stomach. The research combination STW 5‐II (Iberogast® Advance) lacks three herbal extracts but seems clinically as effective as STW 5. However, the action of STW 5‐II on gastric motility is unknown.MethodsIn vitro circular and longitudinal muscle tone and contractility were recorded from guinea pig gastric fundus and antrum with isometric force transducers.Key ResultsSTW 5‐II decreased concentration‐dependently (64‐512 µg/ml) the tone of circular and longitudinal muscle strips from the fundus. In contrast, STW 5‐II increased concentration‐dependently contraction amplitude in antral circular and longitudinal muscle. The effects were region‐dependent but comparable in the two muscle layers. Application of 512 µg STW 5 or STW 5‐II revealed comparable effects in the fundus and antrum circular and longitudinal muscle strips.Conclusions and InterferencesSTW 5‐II had a region‐specific effect and relaxed the proximal stomach but increased the contractility in the antrum. It was as effective as STW 5 which may explain its comparable clinical effects in treating functional dyspepsia. Impaired accommodation may be normalized through relaxation of the fundus, while the motility‐promoting effects leading to an increase in antral motility may activate the gastric pump.