bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provision of immediate postpartum intrauterine contraception after vaginal birth within a public maternity setting: Health services research evaluation
Authors: Cooper Michelle , McGeechan Kevin , Glasier Anna , Coutts Shiona , McGuire Frances , Harden Jeni , Boydell Nicola , Cameron Sharon T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionExpanding access to postpartum intrauterine contraception (PPIUC) can reduce unintended pregnancies and short inter‐pregnancy intervals; however, provision across Europe is limited. Our aim was to determine the feasibility, clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction of providing immediate PPIUC after vaginal birth using a health services research model.Material and methodsPhased introduction of PPIUC across two Lothian maternity hospitals; all women intending vaginal birth during the study period without a contraindication to use of the method were eligible to receive PPIUC. Midwives and obstetric doctors were trained in vaginal PPIUC insertion using Kelly forceps. Women received information antenatally and had PPIUC insertion of either a levonorgestrel intrauterine system or a copper intrauterine device within 48 hours of vaginal birth. Follow‐up was conducted in‐person at 6 weeks postpartum and by telephone at 3, 6 and 12 months. Primary outcomes were: uptake, complications (infection, uterine perforation), expulsion and patient satisfaction at 6 weeks; and method of continuation up to 12 months. Secondary outcomes included hazard ratio for expulsion adjusted for demographic and insertion‐related variables.ResultsUptake of PPIUC was 4.6% of all vaginal births; 465/447 (96.1%) of those requesting PPIUC successfully received it and most chose a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (73%). At 6 weeks postpartum, the infection rate was 0.8%, there were no perforations and 98.3% of women said they would recommend the service. The complete expulsion rate was 29.8% (n = 113) and most had symptoms (n = 79). Of the additional 121 devices removed, 118 were because of partial expulsion. The rate of complete/partial expulsion was higher for insertions by midwives compared with those by doctors. The re‐insertion rate after expulsion/removal was 87.6% and method continuation at 12 months was 79.6%.ConclusionsRoutine PPIUC at vaginal birth is feasible. Complications were extremely rare. High expulsion rates may be observed in early stages of service introduction and with inexperienced providers. Re‐insertion and therefore longer‐term continuation rates of intrauterine contraception were very high. In settings with low rates of attendance for interval postpartum intrauterine contraception insertion, PPIUC could be a useful intervention to prevent unintended and closely spaced pregnancies.
Safety and effectiveness of lurasidone for the treatment of schizophrenia in Asian patients: Results of a 26‐week open‐label extension study
Authors: Higuchi Teruhiko , Ishigooka Jun , Iyo Masaomi , Hagi Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis study was designed to evaluate the long‐term safety and effectiveness of lurasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia among Asian patients.MethodsPatients (N = 281) with schizophrenia who had completed a randomized, double‐blind (DB), 6‐week comparison of lurasidone (40 and 80 mg/day) and placebo were enrolled in a 26‐week extension study in which all patients received open‐label (OL), flexible doses of lurasidone (40 or 80 mg/day). Effectiveness was measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scale.ResultsFifty‐seven percent of patients completed the OL extension study; 16.7% discontinued early due to lack of effectiveness; and 10.3% due to adverse events. The most common adverse events were insomnia (11.3%), akathisia (11.0%), and nasopharyngitis (10.6%). Adverse events related to weight gain, metabolic parameters, prolactin, and ECG measures were uncommon. Mean change in the PANSS total score from the DB baseline to OL endpoint was −28.4, with mean improvement of −7.5 observed from baseline to OL endpoint, and with a PANSS responder rate of 73.7%.DiscussionThe results of the current 26‐week extension study found lurasidone to be a generally safe, well‐tolerated, and effective long‐term treatment for schizophrenia in Asian patients.
High resistance of plant biodiversity to moderate native woody encroachment in loess steppe grassland fragments
Authors: Teleki Balázs , Sonkoly Judit , Erdős László , Tóthmérész Béla , Prommer Mátyás , Török Péter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQuestionsWoody encroachment affects many open habitats from semi‐deserts to wetlands and grasslands. We aimed to study the effect of native woody encroachment on grassland plant biodiversity in loess steppe fragments by analysing the vegetation composition of grasslands subjected to increasing levels of encroachment. We studied both ancient and restored grasslands with the following research hypotheses: (a) increasing woody encroachment decreases total diversity and the species richness of dry‐grassland species; and (b) the effect of woody cover on grassland biodiversity differs between ancient and restored grasslands.LocationSouth‐Eastern part of Transdanubia, Hungary, Central Europe.MethodsAltogether 63 loess grassland fragments were selected for the study. The percentage cover of trees, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation were recorded in 400‐m2‐sized plots (n = 110). The effects of woody encroachment and grassland age on diversity, total species richness of the herb layer, and richness of dry‐grassland species were analysed.ResultsWe found that woody encroachment affected the total richness of the herb layer and the species richness of dry‐grassland species. For most of the listed variables, lowest values were found for the highest woody encroachment groups. Grassland age affected the species richness of the herb layer and that of dry‐grassland species; lower values were detected in restored grasslands. In restored grasslands, Shannon diversity and species evenness were lower, while Berger–Parker dominance was higher than in ancient grasslands. Species composition and richness displayed a relatively high resistance to moderate woody encroachment; the highest decrease in diversity was detected at a high level of woody encroachment (>52% of woody cover).ConclusionsWe can conclude that low to moderate woody encroachment cannot be simplistically regarded as degradation. Results suggest that moderately encroached loess grasslands can be easily restored by the suppression of woody species, as their species pool still contains many dry‐grassland species targeted for restoration.
Parents’ observed responses to children’s emotional distress: Relations with social competence in preschool
Authors: Roberts William L. 
Published: December 2019

Although affective interactions in the family are important for development, home observational data are sparse. We replicated and extended one such study, Roberts & Strayer (1987, Developmental Psychology, 23, 415). Interactions in 33 two‐parent families (mean child age = 4.8 years; 48% girls) were observed for four evenings, from suppertime until the child settled for the night. Parents completed the Child Rearing Practices Q‐sort. Peer interactions and friendship networks in preschool were observed over four days. Teachers and observers completed the Preschool Behavior Q‐Sort. Based on Q‐rated peer competence and aggression, three expected groups of children were identified, one of them high on both aggression and peer competence. Although socially active and accepted by peers, they were, compared with other children, less cooperative with adults, less prosocial with peers, more impulsive, less achievement oriented, less purposive, and less happy (mean η2 = .52). Parenting, especially observed impatience, threats, and use of force when children were emotionally distressed, showed important differences across groups.
Refining the history of Younger Dryas and Early Holocene glacier oscillations in the Borgarfjörður region, western Iceland
Authors: Sigfúsdóttir Thorbjörg , Benediktsson Ívar Örn 
Published: December 2019

The lower Borgarfjörður region, western Iceland, has been central to the reconstructions of the dynamics and collapse of the Icelandic Ice Sheet during the deglaciation. Here, extensive stratigraphical sections and landforms provide a rare opportunity to study past glacier dynamics in this part of Iceland. Previous studies reveal that a large outlet glacier in Borgarfjörður advanced during the Late Weichselian resulting in large‐scale deformation of glaciomarine sediments and the formation of a series of ice‐marginal moraines. However, the events recorded by these sediments and landforms are poorly constrained in time. We present and discuss 22 new radiocarbon dates in the context of recent reconstructions of the regional glacier dynamics in order to constrain the timing of the glacier oscillations. The results show that a dynamic, marine‐terminating glacier advanced out of Borgarfjörður sometime after c. 13.0 cal. ka BP, resulting in the formation of an extensive moraine complex. The timing indicates that the advance occurred during climate cooling and widespread glacier expansions within the Younger Dryas. Followed by the first initial advance, the glacier exhibited at least five re‐advances punctuated by phases of retreat. Each re‐advance terminated proximal (within 5 km) to the outermost moraine complex although the extent of periodic retreat and the exact timing of these oscillations are unknown. All these phases of re‐advance occurred prior to the onset of the Holocene (around 11.7 cal. ka BP), during which marine fauna re‐colonized the area and the Borgarfjörður glacier retreated from the moraines. During the Early Holocene (sometime after c. 11.3 cal. ka BP), the Borgarfjörður glacier re‐advanced to a position within ~5 km of the YD ice limit. This is the first recorded Early Holocene large‐scale glacier advance in western Iceland and suggests that glacier expansion in this region coincided with widespread advances elsewhere in Iceland.
High‐fat diet‐induced obesity worsens TH2 immune response and immunopathologic characteristics in murine model of eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Silva Flávia Márcia de Castro e , Oliveira Erick Esteves de , Ambrósio Marcilene Gomes Evangelista , Ayupe Marina Caçador , Souza Viviane Passos de , Gameiro Jacy , Reis Daniele Ribeiro de Lima , Machado Marco Antonio , Macedo Gilson Costa , Mattes Joerg , Ferreira Ana Paula 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is an emergent chronic immune‐mediated disease of the oesophagus, which affects both children and adults. It is clinically characterized by dysphagia, food impaction and oesophageal eosinophilia. Epidemiological studies indicate that obesity can worsen allergic symptoms; however, its effect on EoE immunopathological response has not been evaluated yet. This study aimed to assess the effect of obesity on allergic inflammation and T helper‐2 profile in an EoE experimental model.MethodsObesity was induced by high‐fat feeding. After 7 weeks of diet, male BALB/c mice were subcutaneously sensitized and orally challenged with OVA.ResultsObesity itself induced a significant mast cell and eosinophil accumulation in the oesophagus, trachea, gut and lung. After allergy induction, this number was higher, when compared to lean‐allergic mice. Moreover, obese‐allergic mice showed higher remodelling area, in the oesophagus, associated with higher IL‐5 and TSLP mRNA expression. In contrast, FoxP3 and IL‐10 were less expressed in comparison with lean‐allergic mice. In addition, the amount of CD11c+MHCII+PDL1+ dendritic cells was reduced, while the number of CD11c+MHCII+CD80+ DCs and CD3+CD4+GATA3+IL‐4+ cells was increased in obese‐allergic mice in the spleen and lymph nodes when compared to lean‐allergic mice.ConclusionObesity aggravated the immune histopathological characteristics in the EoE experimental model, which was associated with the reduction in the regulatory profile, and the increased inflammatory cells influx, related to the TH2 profile. Altogether, the data provide new knowledge about obesity as a risk factor, worsening EoE symptoms, and contribute for future treatment strategies for this specific profile.
“Roll back the years”: A study of grandparent special guardians' experiences and implications for social work policy and practice in England
Authors: Hingley‐Jones Helen , Allain Lucille , Gleeson Helen , Twumasi Bismark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGrowing numbers of grandparent special guardians (GSGs) are assuming responsibility for increasing numbers of children in the care system in England. Special guardianship arrangements are increasingly used as a permanency option as they allow children to remain in their kinship networks rather than in local authority care or be adopted; yet there is a scarcity of research on GSG carers' experiences. This paper reports a small qualitative research study where 10 sets of grandparents were interviewed to explore their journey to becoming GSGs and to theorize their subsequent experiences. Two themes emerge. First, experiences of the assessment process are elaborated, decisions often being made at a time of family crisis, impacting on GSGs: financial, employment, and relational. Second, GSGs' experiences of managing often challenging relationships and contact arrangements between the grandchildren and the parents reveal three main relationship management approaches emerging: containing‐flexible, containing‐controlled, and uncontained/defeated approaches. Anthropological concepts of affinity help theorize the GSGs' ambivalent responses to becoming carers in later life, enabling reconfigured kinship relationships in new family forms. Family policy and social work practice is critiqued as GSGs appear often left alone to “roll back the years,” to heal previous harms done to the grandchildren who end up in their care.
Nanopore sequencing reveals a structural alteration of mirror‐image duplicated genes in a genome‐editing mouse line
Authors: Miyamoto Sachiko , Aoto Kazushi , Hiraide Takuya , Nakashima Mitsuko , Takabayashi Shuji , Saitsu Hirotomo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCRISPR‐Cas9 technology has been used in various studies; however, it has also been found to introduce unexpected structural alternations. In this study, we used nanopore sequencing to characterize an unexpected structural alteration of mirror‐image duplicated genes in a mouse line, in which we aimed to delete a part of the duplicated genes using genome editing. We removed low‐molecular‐weight DNA fragments and increased the input, which led to improved sequence performance. With 14.9 Gb input for whole‐genome analysis, we detected a complex structural alteration involving inversion and deletion, which appears to be difficult to characterize with short‐read sequencers. Therefore, our study clearly showed the utility of nanopore sequencing for characterizing unexpected complex structural alterations caused by genome editing.
Effect of teriparatide on early sinus graft healing in the ovariectomized rabbit
Authors: Dam Chugeum , Jung Ui‐Won , Park Kyeong‐Mee , Huh Jisun , Park Wonse 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of administering intermittent parathyroid hormone 1–34 [teriparatide, (PTH)] on the maxillary sinus lift and bone grafting in osteoporotic rabbits induced by ovariectomy and glucocorticoid.Materials and methodsOvariectomies were performed on 20 female New Zealand white rabbits that were randomly divided into two groups: (a) the PTH group (n = 10), in which 10 μg kg−1 day−1 PTH was injected subcutaneously 5 days a week for 5 weeks (from 1 week before until 4 weeks after sinus surgery), and (b) the saline group (n = 10), in which saline substituted PTH at the same dose, mode of administration, and duration. Bone grafting with bovine bone mineral was augmented into 13 sinuses, and bone grafts and implants were simultaneously performed in seven sinuses, in both groups. Animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks after surgery. To determine whether PTH was an effective treatment for osteoporosis, we measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of the right femur using micro‐computed tomography and performed radiographic and histometric analyses of the maxillary sinus surgery site. The Mann–Whitney test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsIt was found that BMD increased in the femur, whereas none of the radiographic and histometric parameters differed significantly between the groups in the sinus, while there were large interindividual variations within groups.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that intermittent PTH does not promote new bone formation in the augmented maxillary sinus of ovariectomized rabbits.
Prestatus and status dystonicus in children and adolescents
Authors: Garone Giacomo , Graziola Federica , Nicita Francesco , Frascarelli Flaminia , Randi Franco , Zazza Marco , Cantonetti Laura , Cossu Silvia , Marras Carlo Efisio , Capuano Alessandro 
Published: December 2019

AimTo critically analyse the management of status dystonicus and prestatus dystonicus in children and adolescents, in order to examine clinical features, acute management, and risk of relapse in a paediatric cohort.MethodClinical, demographic, and therapeutic features were analysed according to disease severity. Risk of subsequent relapse was estimated through Kaplan–Meier curves.ResultsThirty‐four patients (eight females, 26 males) experiencing 63 episodes of acute dystonia exacerbations at a tertiary referral Italian hospital were identified. Mean age at status dystonicus presentation was 9 years 11 months (11y at inclusion in the study). Onset of dystonia dated back to infancy in most cases. Fourteen patients experienced two or more episodes. Infections were the most common trigger (48%). Benzodiazepines were the most commonly used drugs for acute management. Stereotactic pallidotomy was performed in six cases during status dystonicus, and in two additional patients it was electively performed after medical management. The probability of survival free from status dystonicus relapses was 78% after 4 months and 61% after 27 months.InterpretationDystonia exacerbations are potentially life‐threating emergencies, with a considerable risk of relapse. Nevertheless, no obvious factors for relapse risk stratification exist. Pallidotomy is a feasible option in medical refractory status dystonicus for patients with limited deep brain stimulation applicability, but the risk of recurrence is elevated.What this paper adds

Acute exacerbations may affect up to 10% of children with dystonia.

Infections are the most common precipitant factor.

In about 30% of the cases, intensive care unit admission is needed.

Subsequent relapses are common, reaching 25% risk at 1 year.

Pallidotomy can be considered in medical‐refractory cases with no deep brain stimulation applicability.
Species traits predict stream‐fish invaders in an Appalachian (U.S.A.) river basin
Authors: Buckwalter Joseph D. , Frimpong Emmanuel A. , Angermeier Paul L. , Barney Jacob N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

We compared the influence of biological traits (morphology, physiology, reproduction, and life history), ecological traits (geographic distribution, habitat associations, food habits), and introduction attributes (propagule pressure, human use of a species, residence time) on invasion success of native and introduced stream fishes during the colonisation and spread stages in an Appalachian (U.S.A.) river basin.

Colonisation success was positively related to residence time, benthic feeding, an equilibrium life‐history strategy, and nest spawning. Successful spread was associated with tolerance to increased temperature and an equilibrium life‐history strategy. The spread of introduced fishes was negatively related to gamefish status. No effect of propagule pressure was detected.

Traits linked to invasion success were consistent with the hypothesis that human land‐use practices increase the invasibility of highland catchments by creating novel conditions better suited to lowland and equilibrium invaders.

We found biological traits to be more useful than ecological traits in predicting invasion success and suggesting invasion mechanisms. Parental care and nest association can facilitate invasions over large spatial extents for both native and introduced fishes. Analyses of suites of traits can reveal mechanisms of invasions and tactics for controlling them; such mechanisms and tactics may be system‐specific and scale‐dependent.
Modelling the effect of the 2018 summer heatwave and drought on isoprene emissions in a UK woodland
Authors: Otu‐Larbi Frederick , Bolas Conor G. , Ferracci Valerio , Staniaszek Zosia , Jones Roderic L. , Malhi Yadvinder , Harris Neil R. P. , Wild Oliver , Ashworth Kirsti 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProjected future climatic extremes such as heatwaves and droughts are expected to have major impacts on emissions and concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs) with potential implications for air quality, climate and human health. While the effects of changing temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on the synthesis and emission of isoprene, the most abundant of these bVOCs, are well known, the role of other environmental factors such as soil moisture stress are not fully understood and are therefore poorly represented in land surface models. As part of the Wytham Isoprene iDirac Oak Tree Measurements campaign, continuous measurements of isoprene mixing ratio were made throughout the summer of 2018 in Wytham Woods, a mixed deciduous woodland in southern England. During this time, the United Kingdom experienced a prolonged heatwave and drought, and isoprene mixing ratios were observed to increase by more than 400% at Wytham Woods under these conditions. We applied the state‐of‐the‐art FORest Canopy‐Atmosphere Transfer canopy exchange model to investigate the processes leading to these elevated concentrations. We found that although current isoprene emissions algorithms reproduced observed mixing ratios in the canopy before and after the heatwave, the model underestimated observations by ~40% during the heatwave–drought period implying that models may substantially underestimate the release of isoprene to the atmosphere in future cases of mild or moderate drought. Stress‐induced emissions of isoprene based on leaf temperature and soil water content (SWC) were incorporated into current emissions algorithms leading to significant improvements in model output. A combination of SWC, leaf temperature and rewetting emission bursts provided the best model‐measurement fit with a 50% improvement compared to the baseline model. Our results highlight the need for more long‐term ecosystem‐scale observations to enable improved model representation of atmosphere–biosphere interactions in a changing global climate.