bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two species of Carcinonemertes Coe, 1902 (Nemertea: Carcinonemertidae) infesting the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) (Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae), in Saint Kitts, West Indies
Authors: Atherley Nicole A M , Dennis Michelle M , Freeman Mark A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804), is an important resource in the Western Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico. A nemertean egg predator of P. argus, Carcinonemertes conanobrieniSimpson, Ambrosio & Baeza, 2017, was recorded in Florida in 2017 and Colombia in 2018. This study sought to investigate the presence of C. conanobrieni in P. argus in Saint Kitts and Nevis, eastern Caribbean Sea. Nemerteans were observed in the brood masses of P. argus. Molecular techniques confirmed its presence in the P. argus population on Saint Kitts. Egg, juvenile, and adult stages of C. conanobrieni and of an undescribed Carcinonemertes sp. were found in the brood masses of 27 of 31 (87%) ovigerous P. argus. Differences in the shape of the nemertean egg masses (string versus spherical arrangement) were confirmed as two distinct species of Carcinonemertes Coe, 1902 using molecular analyses. The juvenile stage of the undescribed Carcinonemertes sp. was detected in the gills of 72 of 320 (23%) of the P. argus individuals from Saint Kitts. The prevalence of branchial nemertean infestation was not significantly different among male and female P. argus. Female lobsters with ovaries in early stages of gonadal maturation were more likely to have branchial nemerteans relative to those with ovaries in late stages of maturation, suggestive of nemertean migration from gills to egg mass once the host oviposits. This is the first report of C. conanobrieni in the Caribbean spiny lobster from the eastern Caribbean, which is approximately 1,300 miles from Florida and 1,000 miles from Colombia. This is also the first report of an undescribed nemertean worm in P. argus. The high prevalence of Carcinonemertes spp. in P. argus raises concern for the extent to which these egg predators may be impacting P. argus in Saint Kitts, an important fishery on the island.
Musical Classicisms in Italy before the Madrigal
Authors: Shephard Tim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Modern evaluations of the relation between music and the fashion for the antique in Italy in the period before the madrigal have tended to proceed from the perspective of intellectual history. This article aims to offer an alternative—although certainly related—perspective, by exploring the circulation of musical classicisms in Italian visual and material culture, roughly from 1450 to 1520. This period saw the rise to prominence in Italy of both commercial text printing and other multiple-copy formats such as the art print, the medal, the bronze plaquette, and a little later historiated maiolica. These technologies offer a particularly compelling lens through which to examine musical encounters with classical antiquity that were not motivated by an expert professional interest in either music or classical texts, but rather characterized by an investment in antiquity as a fashionable source of cultural capital.
The Objects of Rational Thought (a Sketch)
Authors: Travis Charles 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHilary Putnam’s wide ranging thought turned on an axis: an idea of the shape of an object of rational thought, a reflection of a rational being’s unbounded capacity for unprejudiced self-criticism. The idea unfolds in a particular way the motto “The conceptual cannot take care of itself.” No stock of concepts can derive their content merely from structural relations between them, no matter how complex. What more there is to content, on this unfolding, lies in a concept’s unbounded openness to world-dependence. This essay works through that idea in and through positioning Putnam in relation to two other great philosophers, Leibniz and Frege.
Structural and Functional Imaging in Glioma Management
Authors: Brahimaj Bledi C , Kochanski Ryan B , Pearce John J , Guryildirim Melike , Gerard Carter S , Kocak Mehmet , Sani Sepehr , Byrne Richard W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The goal of glioma surgery is maximal safe resection in order to provide optimal tumor control and survival benefit to the patient. There are multiple imaging modalities beyond traditional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that have been incorporated into the preoperative workup of patients presenting with gliomas. The aim of these imaging modalities is to identify cortical and subcortical areas of eloquence, and their relationship to the lesion. In this article, multiple modalities are described with an emphasis on the underlying technology, clinical utilization, advantages, and disadvantages of each. functional MRI and its role in identifying hemispheric dominance and areas of language and motor are discussed. The nuances of magnetoencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation in localization of eloquent cortex are examined, as well as the role of diffusion tensor imaging in defining normal white matter tracts in glioma surgery. Lastly, we highlight the role of stimulated Raman spectroscopy in intraoperative histopathological diagnosis of tissue to guide tumor resection. Tumors may shift the normal arrangement of functional anatomy in the brain; thus, utilization of multiple modalities may be helpful in operative planning and patient counseling for successful surgery.
Focal Cortical Dysplasia IIIa in Hippocampal Sclerosis-Associated Epilepsy: Anatomo-Electro-Clinical Profile and Surgical Results From a Multicentric Retrospective Study
Authors: Cossu Massimo , d'Orio Piergiorgio , Barba Carmen , Asioli Sofia , Cardinale Francesco , Casciato Sara , Caulo Massimo , Colicchio Gabriella , Consales Alessandro , D'Aniello Alfredo , De Benedictis Alessandro , De Palma Luca , Didato Giuseppe , Di Gennaro Giancarlo , Di Giacomo Roberta , Esposito Vincenzo , Guerrini Renzo , Nichelatti Michele , Revay Martina , Rizzi Michele , Vatti Giampaolo , Villani Flavio , Zamponi Nelia , Tassi Laura , Marras Carlo Efisio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) may be associated with focal cortical dysplasia IIIa (FCD IIIa) in patients undergoing surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether the anatomo-electro-clinical profile and surgical outcome in patients with HS-related TLE are affected by coexisting FCD IIIa.

METHODS
A total of 220 patients, operated in 5 centers, with at least 24 mo follow-up (FU), were retrospectively studied. Preliminary univariate and subsequent multivariate analyses were performed to investigate possible associations between several potential presurgical, surgical, and postsurgical predictors and different variables (Engel's class I and Engel's class Ia, co-occurrence of FCD IIIa).

RESULTS
At last available postoperative control (FU: range 24-95 mo, median 47 mo), 182 (82.7%) patients were classified as Engel's class I and 142 (64.5%) as Engel's class Ia. At multivariate analysis, extension of neocortical resection and postoperative electroencephalogram were significantly associated with Engel's class I, whereas length of FU had a significant impact on class Ia in the whole cohort and in isolated HS (iHS) patients, but not in the FCD IIIa group. No differences emerged in the anatomo-electro-clinical profile and surgical results between patients with FCD IIIa and with iHS.

CONCLUSION
Coexistence of FCD IIIa did not confer a distinct anatomo-electro-clinical profile to patients with HS-related epilepsy. Postoperative seizure outcome was similar in FCD IIIa and iHS cases. These findings indicate limited clinical relevance of FCD IIIa in HS-related epilepsy and might be useful for refining future FCD classifications. Further studies are needed to clarify the correlation of class Ia outcome with the duration of FU.
The Course of Mild and Moderate COVID-19 Infections—The Unexpected Long-Lasting Challenge
Authors: Xia Lu , Chen Jun , Friedemann Thomas , Yang Zongguo , Ling Yun , Liu Xuhui , Lu Shuihua , Li Tao , Song Zhigang , Huang Wei , Lu Yunfei , Schröder Sven , Lu Hongzhou 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The course of disease in mild and moderate COVID-19 has many implications for mobile patients, such as the risk of spread of the infection, precautions taken, and investigations targeted at preventing transmission.

Methods
Three hundred thirty-one adults were hospitalized from January 21 to February 22, 2020, and classified as severe (10%) or critical (4.8%) cases; 1.5% died. Two hundred eighty-two (85.2%) mild or moderate cases were admitted to regular wards. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, chest computed tomography (CT) scan, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data from patient records were analyzed retrospectively.

Results
Patients were symptomatic for 9.82±5.75 (1–37) days. Pulmonary involvement was demonstrated on a chest CT scan in 97.9% of cases. It took 16.81±8.54 (3–49) days from the appearance of the first symptom until 274 patients tested virus-negative in naso- and oropharyngeal (NP) swabs, blood, urine, and stool, and 234 (83%) patients were asymptomatic for 9.09±7.82 (1–44) days. Subsequently, 131 patients were discharged. One hundred sixty-nine remained in the hospital; these patients tested virus-free and were clinically asymptomatic because of widespread persisting or increasing pulmonary infiltrates. Hospitalization took 16.24±7.57 (2–47) days; the time interval from the first symptom to discharge was 21.37±7.85 (3–52) days.

Conclusions
With an asymptomatic phase, disease courses are unexpectedly long until the stage of virus negativity. NP swabs are not reliable in the later stages of COVID-19. Pneumonia outlasts virus-positive tests if sputum is not acquired. Imminent pulmonary fibrosis in high-risk groups demands follow-up examinations. Investigation of promising antiviral agents should heed the specific needs of mild and moderate COVID-19 patients.
Counterfeit Rabies Vaccines: The Philippine Experience
Authors: Henson Karl Evans R , Santiago Anthony Aldrin C , Namqui Sherilyne S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
In December 2018, a large, tertiary, university-affiliated hospital in the Philippines discovered that their legitimate supply chain was infiltrated with counterfeit rabies vaccines.

Methods
All vials suspected to be counterfeit were quarantined and surrendered to the Philippine Food and Drug Administration. Patients who may have received the counterfeit products were recalled, evaluated, and revaccinated accordingly. Vials of the counterfeit vaccines were sent to various laboratories for testing.

Results
Two batches of counterfeit rabies vaccines were found to have infiltrated the hospital’s supply chain between December 2017 and December 2018. Of the 1711 patients who may have received counterfeit vaccines, 1397 patients were successfully contacted, and 734 were revaccinated with at least 1 dose of authentic rabies vaccine. The counterfeit vials were sterile, contained no toxic substances, and both contained active antirabies ingredient. No report of rabies infection or other adverse events were noted.

Conclusions
Our experience demonstrates the need for strong intervention and collaborative response from all stakeholders—government and regulatory bodies, the pharmaceutical industry, and individual institutions and consumers—to effectively eradicate counterfeiting and protect our patients.
Tricuspid valve infective endocarditis in a non-IVDU patient with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Woodun Heerani , Bouayyad Sarah , Sahib Sura , Elamin Nadir , Hunter Steven , Al-Mohammad Abdallah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A 29-year-old male, with chronic atopic dermatitis (AD), presented with a 2-week history of fatigue, pyrexia and weight loss. Examination showed eczematous patches with lichenified papules, erosions on the right shin and a new murmur. Blood cultures isolated methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Transthoracic echocardiography showed vegetation on the tricuspid valve (TV) that was adherent to the septal leaflet. He was treated for infective endocarditis, attributed to poorly controlled AD, with intravenous Flucloxacillin. Due to ongoing sepsis and pulmonary septic emboli, Clindamycin was added. He underwent TV repair; the septal leaflet was excised, and the remnant two leaflets were brought together with a ring. His patent foramen ovale was closed. His skin was treated with topical steroids and emollients. Right-sided endocarditis of an intact TV is uncommon in a non-intravenous drug user. Therefore, this novel case portrays the importance of aggressively managing AD as it is a risk factor for significant systemic infections.
Painless: a case of congenital insensitivity to pain in a 5-year-old male
Authors: Al Amroh H H , Reyes A L , Barret Austin Hillary J , Al Khaffaf W H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: several genetic disorders are known to be associated with congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP), a term often used to describe an impaired ability to perceive the type, intensity and quality of noxious stimuli. Children with CIP often injure themselves severely. The injury can go unnoticed or be misdiagnosed as child abuse because it is associated with multiple and recurrent injuries which may result in permanent damage. Patient findings: we report the case of a 5-year-old boy with a history of showing no signs of pain when exposed to accidental injuries such as trauma, burns or secondary chronic lesions. Conclusion: child abuse has a much higher occurrence rate than rare neuropathies such as the one we describe. However, CIP should be considered as a diagnosis in any child presenting with a history of poor or absent responses to painful stimuli.
Vanek’s tumor causing ileoileal intussusception in a middle-aged man
Authors: Johan Syamim , Lee Pei Pei , Azizan Nornazirah , Hayati Firdaus , Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency requiring urgent intervention. Small bowel obstruction secondary to intussusception is rarely encountered especially when inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is the lead point. A 41-year-old gentleman with intestinal intussusception secondary to IFP presented to us with a classic symptom of intestinal obstruction. Computed tomography revealed a target or sausage-shaped soft tissue mass with a layering effect, which was confirmed by intraoperative findings. Histopathology was consistent with IFP and supported by immunoreactivity of CD34 and negative immunostaining for CD117. He recovered without any surgical complication or recurrence. Even intussusception can be managed via non-surgical technique in children; surgery is the mainstay of treatment in adults.
Constitutive Processes
Authors: Raeff Catherine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to explain how action is constituted by simultaneously occurring and interrelated individual, social, cultural, bodily, and environmental processes. Each process is taken to contribute 100% to action, and no process is taken to be prior or primary. Considering these constitutive processes provides a basis for understanding and explaining what a person is doing, why a person is doing what they are doing, and what a person’s action means. Each process is conceptualized more specifically, and varied empirical and everyday examples are used to illustrate how individual, social, cultural, bodily, and environmental processes play out as people act. The chapter also considers how these processes are systemically interrelated and how they can be structured in varied ways.
Evidence and Research Implications
Authors: Raeff Catherine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter addresses evidence for the theoretical framework presented in this book, and it considers implications of the theoretical framework for understanding research, as well as for conducting research. The chapter begins by explaining how the theoretical framework is based on and informed by empirical research. It then offers some guidelines for conducting research on human action based on the theoretical framework. Research guidelines focus on the structuring of constitutive, psychological, and developmental processes for varied modes of action, within and across cultures. This chapter also explains how the theoretical framework can be used to make sense of existing research and to bring disparate findings about human functioning into coherence. The chapter ends by explaining how the theoretical framework can be used to critically analyze treatments of human functioning in psychology and other disciplines.
Afterword
Authors: Blythe Christopher James 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This afterword looks at how Mormonism’s early apocalyptic beliefs haunted Latter-day Saints in the beginning of the twenty-first century. As part of increased media and popular culture coverage of Latter-day Saints, termed the “Mormon moment,” there was a great deal of publicity surrounding early Mormon beliefs on the last days. The afterword specifically looks at how Latter-day Saint politicians, such as Mitt Romney, have responded to questions about his beliefs in last days prophecy. In addition, readers will read about coverage of twenty-first-century Latter-day Saint preppers.
Sustaining Natural Change
Authors: Chapin F Stuart 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes foundations for ecosystem sustainability and ways that society can foster these conditions. The road to “human progress” is littered with environmental mishaps and disasters—largely the result of excessive resource extraction. Over the long term, however, ecosystems can be sustained by maintaining the factors that shape their properties. These include soils that supply plants with nutrients, climate, regional flora and fauna, disturbance regime, and time. This formula provides a framework for understanding why every ecosystem occurs where it does and why and how it might change in the future. When society fails to sustain these foundations, new ecological forces, such as climate change, begin to dominate ecological and societal outcomes. Alternatively, society can shape pathways that maintain these foundations through landscape stewardship. People then interact with nature in ways that protect the foundations of ecosystems and provide society with livelihoods.
Choosing to Live Well
Authors: Chapin F Stuart 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
All people need similar things to ensure a happy and satisfying life. This chapter describes how these needs can be sustained today and for future generations. Immediate human needs include food and water, safety and health, love and belonging through social relationships, self-esteem and respect from others, and capacity to address broad spiritual and societal goals. Surprisingly, among people who live above the poverty line, wealth and material possessions are usually less important to life satisfaction than are these other elements. Instead, values that shape people’s goals, education, cultural and social rules that sustain social relationships, environmental and human health, and technology and economy are the most important foundations for long-term empowerment and well-being. International aid has substantially improved people’s material conditions in poor countries but has done less to improve social relations and empowerment.
Individual Actions
Authors: Chapin F Stuart 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Actions by individuals that enable people to enjoy and celebrate nature and that reduce human impacts on the planet provide the basic foundation for stewardship. Spending time in nature with family and friends—especially with children—is the most pleasant and effective way to shape identities and values that support nature. Nature’s benefits are often compromised by short-term trade-offs to meet society’s immediate wants and needs. Surprisingly, most human consumption in developed nations does not enhance people’s happiness. The more we have, the more we want! Unconscious conformity to the consumption patterns of others often drives excessive consumption. However, honorable consumption that meets needs and supports personal values can both contribute to life satisfaction and shape the social norms and consumption patterns of others. Reducing unnecessary consumption through intentional decisions need not reduce life satisfaction and can substantially reduce environmental impacts.
Strategy in 3D
Authors: Fisher Greg , Wisneski John E. , Bakker Rene M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This book provides a tools-based approach to strategic management. The central framework rests on three pillars that constitute the essence of strategy: to diagnose, to decide, and to deliver. Within this framework a suite of strategic management tools is offered, which include both the classics and the more nascent frameworks used to strategize. The first part of the book offers a brief introduction to the essentials of strategic management and unpacks the “3D” framework of strategy. The second part of the book revolves around explaining the purpose, underlying theory, core idea, depiction, process, value created, and risks and limitations of each tool. Hands-on advice is emphasized. The book also offers case illustrations that offer concrete examples of how the tools can be applied. The concluding chapter summarizes the key insights on a high level and offers concluding thoughts on how the tools can be combined.
Introduction
Authors: Fisher Greg , Wisneski John E. , Bakker Rene M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter lays out the context for the book. It highlights how the context in which businesses operate has changed over time and why strategy is so important for organizations in today’s environment. Building off that it describes what we offer in this book. Part I of the book provides insight into fundamental strategy concepts and ideas, including a definition of strategy and an overarching approach to strategy. Part II of the book outlines a series of tools that could and should form part of a manager’s strategy toolbox; each tool is described detail including an overview of the tool, the steps to practically apply the tool and a case illustration of each tool.
The Context for Strategic Decision-Making
Authors: Fisher Greg , Wisneski John E. , Bakker Rene M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Strategic management does not exist in a vacuum; strategic decisions are strongly influenced by, and often dependent on, certain organizational and environmental attributes. This chapter discusses the context for strategic decision-making, be it a managerial, business, or corporate level choice. First, a firm’s vision, mission, and values are defined and discussed. Second, the chapter unpacks firm resources, capabilities, core competencies, and activities. Finally, the nature of competitive advantage is elaborated, and three types of competitive advantage are distinguished: differentiation, cost leadership, and dual advantage. Overall the chapter provides foundational insight into the factors that make up the context for strategic decision-making.
Competitor Analysis
Authors: Fisher Greg , Wisneski John E. , Bakker Rene M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of a competitor analysis is to provide managers with a complete picture of the competitive landscape confronting a firm. The core idea behind a competitor analysis is to use a systematic approach to (1) identify current and future rivals to a firm, (2) assess the strengths and weaknesses of current and future rivals, (3) determine a match between a competitor’s strategies and capabilities, (4) analyze the future plans and intentions of rivals, and (5) predict a competitor’s reaction to initiatives launched by a firm. The ability to anticipate the response by rivals provides a firm with a competitive advantage. This chapter discusses the underlying theory, core idea, depiction, process, insight or value created, and risks and limitations of competitor analysis. Finally, the chapter offers the illustration of Netflix and applies the steps of competitor analysis to this case.