bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of treating different diseases with the same method: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study of the association between depression and insomnia
Authors: Tong Jinlin , Wang Yuyao , Liu Hong , Li Yuanyuan , Pan Jinghua , Fan Danping , Zhao Hongyan 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
Mendelian randomization (MR) has been widely utilized for causal inference between diseases, and its implementation within the domain of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is considered feasible. Although previous clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated a close relationship between insomnia and depression, the inherent genetic factors underlying these associations are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the causal relationship between depression and insomnia via bidirectional 2-sample MR and increase the understanding of the TCM theory of treating different diseases with the same method, particularly in the context of comorbid depression and insomnia.

Methods:
Genetic data related to depression and insomnia were extracted from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data sets. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with depression and insomnia were used as instrumental variables to construct an “SNP-exposure-outcome” model. Bidirectional 2-sample MR analysis was conducted via inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR Egger regression, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. Furthermore, heterogeneity tests, pleiotropy analyses, and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results:
The MR results revealed a causal relationship between depression and an increased risk of developing insomnia (IVW, OR=1.400, 95% CI: 1.246–1.573, P<0.001), and a causal relationship between insomnia and an increased risk of developing depression (IVW, OR=1.204, 95% CI: 1.144–1.266, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
There is a bidirectional causal relationship between depression and insomnia. These findings provide new theoretical support for the TCM approach of treating different diseases with the same method in the prevention and treatment of depression and insomnia and provide a scientific basis for the modernization of TCM.
Clinical proof-of-concept results with a novel TRPA1 antagonist (LY3526318) in 3 chronic pain states
Authors: Mellado Lagarde Marcia M. , Wilbraham Darren , Martins Ricardo Fonseca , Zhao Heather Shi , Jackson Kimberley , Johnson Kirk W. , Knopp Kelly L. , DiBenedetto David , Broad Lisa M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is implicated in physiological and pathological nociceptive signaling, but the clinical benefit of TRPA1 antagonists in chronic pain is not clearly demonstrated. LY3526318 is an oral, potent, and selective novel TRPA1 antagonist. The Chronic Pain Master Protocol was used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LY3526318 in 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept studies in knee osteoarthritis pain (OA), chronic low back pain (CLBP), and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP). Participants were randomized (1:2, placebo:LY3526318, 250 mg daily) into an 8-week double-blinded period. At 4 weeks, participants treated with LY3526318 transitioned to a placebo. The primary endpoint was the self-reported daily pain intensity measured using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at 4 weeks. All endpoints were collected for up to 8 weeks. Change from baseline in average weekly NRS was analyzed using Bayesian mixed model repeated measures in the OA (N = 160), CLBP (N = 159), and DPNP (N = 154) studies. Baseline characteristics were balanced between treatment arms. Mean NRS change from baseline to week 4 did not differ significantly between placebo and LY3526318; however, a numerical improvement was observed in the CLBP, not in the OA or DPNP populations. Safety analysis integrated across studies enhanced understanding of the safety profile of LY3526318. LY3526318 showed a potential drug-induced hepatotoxic effect posing a risk for clinical development. No other safety signals were identified. LY3526318 showed potential for different responses among chronic pain indications and patient subpopulations, highlighting challenges in developing TRPA1 antagonists but supporting their value as a target in managing chronic pain.
Remote social conversations between families and aged francophone seniors in retirement homes in New Brunswick and Manitoba during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Beogo Idrissa 
Published: December 2024

Background
COVID-19 pandemic led to excessive mortality in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). LTCFs visitation bans resulted in the development of virtual social conversations (VSC) to address social isolation and loneliness. Numerous initiatives have been developed but, little literature exists on VSC with linguistic minorities in Canada.

Objectives:
To explore VSC by families to continue socializing with their seniors in LTCFs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
Cross-sectional design conducted in Manitoba and New Brunswick (Canada).

Results:
Thirteen participants were included, all females. Facetime (47.4%) and Facebook (21%) were the top VSC applications used. Most (61%) participants started conversing around the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic. Their conversations were shared between seeking their seniors’ medical information (52.4%); general information (23.8%), or personal items requests (9.5%). Finally, seven participants tremendously improved their applications manipulation expertise (+1.15-point).

Conclusions:
Families valued being able to effectively continue socializing over restrictions. VSC in LTCFs is a pertinent socialization avenue.
Exposure to different severities of famine and subsequent risk of sarcopenia in old age
Authors: Lu Miao-Miao , Zhou Yu-Wei , Jin Xi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Poor nutritional status is closely related to the development of sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia. Limited articles have evaluated the impact of undernutrition at different stages of life on the development of sarcopenia or possible sarcopenia in old age. The 1959–1962 Chinese famine provided the possibility for large-scale population studies on the effects of long-term undernutrition or inadequate intake on various health problems. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of long-term reduction of food intake (exposure to the 1959–1962 Chinese famine) in early life on the development of sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia in later life.

Methods
We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) 2015 and obtained information on whether participants had experienced famine from the 2014 Life Course Survey of Chinese Residents. After data integration and cleaning, we divided the included participants into five age-exposure cohorts based on birthdate, including cohorts exposed to famine during preschool, midchildhood, young teenage years, teenage years, and adulthood to analyze the long-term effects of exposure to famine on the development of sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia.

Results
Exposure to moderate or severe famine did not significantly increase the risk of possible sarcopenia (P > 0.05). In a further stratified analysis, moderate famine exposure in adulthood significantly increased the risk of possible sarcopenia (1.475 times; 95% CI : 1.104–1.969, P = 0.009). However, there was no significant association between famine exposure and possible sarcopenia in the preschool, midchildhood, young teenage, or teenage exposure cohorts (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Exposure to famine in preadulthood did not increase the risk of possible sarcopenia in older adults. However, the risk of possible sarcopenia in later life was increased about 50% among participants who were exposed to moderate famine in adulthood.
Effect of different minimally invasive gastric cancer surgical approaches on postoperative intestinal mucosal barrier function
Authors: Li Kai-Yan , Huang Dao-Lai , Wen Bo , Wei Shi-Zhuang , Li Lin-Yi , Fang Wen-Jie , Wu Xiang-Hua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different minimally invasive surgical procedures on intestinal mucosal barrier function.

Methods
In this study, 76 patients who underwent minimally invasive gastric cancer surgery were selected, and peripheral blood was collected to test the levels of serum plasma d-lactic acid, diamine oxidase, and bacterial endotoxin before and 1 and 3 days after surgery. These markers were compared at different time points before and after surgery to understand the recovery of the intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients after surgery.

Results
On the first postoperative day, the change in serum d-lactic acid relative to the preoperative levels was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the laparoscopic surgery group (4.05 [−0.195, 6.917 mmol/L]) than in the robot-assisted surgery group (7.56 [5.190, 12.145 mmol/L]). Both the serum d-lactic acid and bacterial endotoxin levels were significantly higher on the first postoperative day compared with preoperative levels, and although they showed a gradual decrease by the third day, they remained significantly higher than the preoperative levels (P < 0.05). The Student-Newman-Keuls method for pairwise comparison of the measurements at each time point demonstrated that the differences in d-lactic acid and bacterial endotoxin levels between the preoperative sample and the sample collected on the third postoperative day were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Compared with the laparoscopic surgery group, the robotic surgery group showed larger changes in the postoperative serum d-lactic acid level, suggesting that the robotic surgery resulted in greater damage to the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa. The serum d-lactic acid and bacterial endotoxin levels were significantly higher in postoperative patients and showed a trend to gradually decrease, suggesting that the intestinal mucosal barrier function of patients after minimally invasive gastric cancer surgery is damaged and then gradually recovers.
Immediate effects of Kinesio taping on pain, proprioception, and posture in round shoulder individuals with subacromial impingement syndrome: A randomized, double-blinded controlled trial
Authors: Demircioğlu Gamze , Genç Hazal 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Round shoulder posture (RSP), characterized by forward shoulder positioning from weakened and tense muscles, disrupts normal biomechanics and can cause Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS), resulting in pain during specific movements or positions. This study examines the immediate effects of Kinesio taping (KT) on pain, proprioception, and posture in individuals in round shoulder individuals with SIS.

Methods:
The study involved 114 patients diagnosed with RSP and SIS. Pain intensity was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), proprioception was measured with an inclinometer, and posture was evaluated using The New York Posture Rating Chart (NYPRC). Participants were randomly assigned to experimental group (EG) (n = 57), which received KT application, or to sham group (SG) (n = 57), which underwent a sham procedure. KT was applied to the affected shoulder and scapular regions. Assessments were conducted both before and after the application of Kinesio tape.

Results:
According to the study results, the differences in VAS scores (P = .002), proprioception abduction (P = .023) and NYPRC scores (P = .04), were statistically significant in the EG compared to the SG (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference in proprioception flexion between the groups (P > .05).

Conclusion:
KT demonstrates immediate benefits in reducing pain and improving scapular alignment in individuals with RSP and chronic shoulder pain. These findings underscore its potential effectiveness as a therapeutic intervention for managing symptoms associated with RSP and impingement syndrome, particularly in terms of pain relief and posture enhancement.
The causal association of smoking, alcohol intake, and coffee intake with the risk of bacterial pneumonia: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: He Zhendong , Zheng Leting , Chen Zhanrui , Wen Jing , Qin Fang , Mo Hanyou 
Published: December 2024

Background:
At present, the association of smoking, alcohol intake, and coffee intake with the risk of bacterial pneumonia (BP) remains controversial. In this study, we used a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to estimate the association of smoking, alcohol intake, and coffee intake with the risk of BP.

Methods:
We extracted genetic variants associated with smoking initiation and cigarettes per day from the Genome-Wide Association Study and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use database (944,625 individuals). We also extracted genetic variants associated with past tobacco smoking, alcohol intake frequency, and coffee intake from the UK Biobank database (1,316,166 individuals). BP outcomes were chosen from the FinnGen genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database (7987 patients and 188,868 controls). The inverse variance-weighted method was used primarily to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sensitivity analysis using different approaches such as weighted median, MR Egger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) have been implemented, as well as leave-one-out analysis to identify pleiotropy.

Results:
The 2-sample MR analysis supported the causal association of genetically predicted cigarettes per day (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: [1.08–1.39], P < .01] and smoking initiation (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: [1.03–1.44], P = .02) with the risk of BP, but not past tobacco smoking, alcohol intake frequency, and coffee intake. Heterogeneity (P > .05) and pleiotropy (P > .05) tests provided confirmatory evidence for the validity of our MR estimates.

Conclusion:
Our findings provide relevant evidence for a favorable causal association of genetically predicted smoking initiation and cigarettes per day with BP risk. However, there may not be a causal association between past tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, and coffee intake with increased BP incidence rates.
Pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Yue Yumin , Wang Quan , Wei Mingtian , Ding Fanghui , Li Jiang , Zheng Bobo 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Whether pembrolizumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy is superior to chemotherapy in metastatic cancer remains controversial. The study aims to give the effectiveness and safety of pembrolizumab-related interventions compared to chemotherapy in metastatic cancer.

Methods:
Electronic databases were systematically searched until November 20, 2023, for all randomized controlled trials comparing Pembrolizumab alone or in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for metastatic cancer. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for OS, PFS, overall response rate, and overall adverse events (AEs) by random effects models.

Results:
16 Randomized controlled trials with 9148 patients were included. Compared with chemotherapy, pembrolizumab was associated with longer OS (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.73–0.91, P = .0004), more immune-mediated AEs, fewer overall AEs, and grade 3 or 4 AEs, however, no significant difference was found in PFS, overall response rate, and events leading to death. Pembrolizumab with chemotherapy was associated with longer OS (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.61–0.90, P = .002) and PFS (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.50–0.79, P < .0001), higher overall response rate, and more immune-mediated AEs comparing to chemotherapy alone, however, no significant advantages were observed in disease control rates, overall AEs, grade 3 or 4 AEs and events leading to death. The patients with programmed cell death ligand 1 tumor proportion scores of at least 50% or combined positive scores (CPS) of at least 10 could derive significantly better OS and PFS benefits from pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy. Similar OS results were found for first-line treatment and lung cancer subgroup analysis.

Conclusions:
Pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy indicates an effective and safe treatment for metastatic cancer. Pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy provides a better survival advantage under first-line treatment or programmed cell death ligand 1 combined positive scores of at least 10 or programmed cell death ligand 1 tumor proportion scores of at least 50%. However, we found that the specific efficacy of pembrolizumab in unused tumor types could not be effectively evaluated.
Undiagnosed mirror syndrome with maternal hypoxemia onset during an emergency cesarean section: A case report
Authors: Ichikawa Shino , Saito Junichi , Noguchi Satoko , Saito Kurumi , Hirota Kazuyoshi 
Published: December 2024

Rationale:
Mirror syndrome is a rare pregnancy condition in which maternal edema is associated with fetal hydrops. Because of its rarity and overlapping symptoms, this condition is often misdiagnosed as another pregnancy complication.

Patient concerns:
A 28-year-old pregnant Japanese woman presented with sudden 7.5-kg weight gain, leg edema, and increased d-dimer level.

Diagnoses:
Ultrasound revealed polyhydramnios and fetal hydrops, and findings of maternal edema and blood test results were suggestive of Miller syndrome. Although, the patient was initially misdiagnosed due to a lack of information and the rarity of this disease.

Interventions:
An emergency cesarean section was performed under spinal anesthesia at 36 weeks and 2 days of- pregnancy. We could not diagnose mirror syndrome.

Outcomes:
The newborn’s Apgar scores were 2 and 5 at 1 and 5 minutes after delivery, respectively. The patient’s SpO2 suddenly decreased to 86% during cesarean section and persisted for 2 days. Chest computed tomography revealed pleural effusion and pulmonary edema. The pleural effusions and lung edema spontaneously resolved after the cesarean section.

Lessons:
This case reports on Miller syndrome with maternal hypoxemia onset during an emergency cesarean section and highlights the potential for better perioperative management and improvement in maternal mortality through prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment shared not only among obstetricians and pediatricians but also among anesthesiologists.
The effects of common peroneal nerve electrical stimulation on lower extremity deep venous hemodynamics: A randomized, crossover and controlled study
Authors: Zou Zhao-Jun , Song Hai-Xin , Wang Ting , Ma Hai-Yun , Cao Li-Ping , Wu Tao 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation can improve deep vein hemodynamics in the lower limbs. We developed a new, small and convenient, and easy to wear common peroneal nerve electrical stimulator (CPNES) and to investigate the effectiveness and safety of CPNES intervention on deep venous hemodynamics.

Methods:
Thirty healthy volunteers were recruited and randomly divided into group A and B. In group A, the hemodynamics of the left superficial femoral artery and the superficial femoral vein were measured after IPC compression, and then the CPNES was activated and the hemodynamics was measured again. In group B, the order of intervention was reversed.

Results:
In group A, the peak velocity, time average blood flow velocity (TAMV), and flow velocity of femoral vein after IPC and CPNES intervention were higher than these of the baseline (P < .05, respectively). No significant differences of these blood flow parameters were found between IPC and CPNES intervention (P > .05, respectively). In group B, these blood flow parameters of femoral vein after IPC and CPNES intervention were higher than these of the baseline (P < .05, respectively). No significant difference of these blood flow parameters (P > .05, respectively) were noted between IPC and CPNES intervention as well. No differential change of these flow velocity of femoral artery after IPC and CPNES intervention in group A or group B. The hemodynamics of superficial femoral arteries and veins after intervention in group A and B were similar (P > .05, respectively).

Conclusion:
The effectiveness of CPNES intervention on the hemodynamics of the lower extremity is similar with that of IPC, increasing blood flow and may prevent venous thrombosis without adverse reaction.
Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm: A case report
Authors: Guo Zhitang , Long Kui , Chen Zhanbin , Zhang Wei , Chu Quanxian 
Published: December 2024

Rationale:
Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is a clinically rare tumor that predominantly occurs in females and presents with nonspecific symptoms, often resulting in misdiagnosis. While postoperative pathology remains the gold standard for diagnosis, accurate preoperative identification through various diagnostic methods is essential for effective treatment planning. To raise awareness of this condition, we present a case of a middle-aged male diagnosed with LAMN.

Patient concerns:
A 52-year-old male presented to outpatient clinic with right lower abdominal pain lasting 1 day. He described the pain as continuous cramping, exacerbated by movement and coughing, with associated nausea.

Diagnosis:
Physical examination revealed tenderness in the right lower quadrant and a palpable mass measuring approximately 6.5 cm × 5.0 cm, with poor definition and limited mobility. An elevated white blood cell count (16.2 × 109/L) and a mixed cystic and solid mass were noted, prompting admission for further evaluation. Further, abdominal enhanced computed tomography revealed a mixed-density lesion in the right ileocecal region, measuring approximately 6.5 cm × 5.0 cm. This finding was suggestive of an appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, with mucinous adenocarcinoma remaining a possibility that could not be excluded.

Interventions:
The patient underwent a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy on June 5, 2024, and the gross specimen showed: a 6.5 cm × 5.0 cm mass was found in the appendix area on the surface of the intestinal tube, a large amount of jelly was found after incision, and the mass was connected to the intestinal cavity.

Outcomes:
The patient recovered well after surgery, the abdominal drainage tube was pulled out on the 8th day after surgery, and the patient was discharged on the 13th day after surgery. Postoperative examination showed LAMN and mucus accumulation in the wall of the appendix with a foreign body giant cell reaction, acute attack of chronic appendicitis, and suppurative inflammation with peripheral inflammation. Postoperative diagnosis: LAMN; acute chronic appendicitis attack.

Lessons:
As a rare clinical gastrointestinal tumor, LAMN lacks specific clinical manifestations, and its diagnosis depends on postoperative examination; however, the indications for surgery are clear and the clinical prognosis is good. The key to surgery is to protect the tumor body to avoid rupture and cause the development of peritoneal pseudomyxoma (PMP).