bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A field‐validated species distribution model to support management of the critically endangered Poweshiek skipperling (Oarisma poweshiek) butterfly in Canada
Authors: Westwood Richard , Westwood Alana R. , Hooshmandi Mahsa , Pearson Kara , LaFrance Kerienne , Murray Colin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Poweshiek skipperling (Oarisma poweshiek) is a critically endangered grassland butterfly with six populations remaining in the United States and Canada. The single Canadian population, with the largest remaining contiguous habitat, includes less than ~50 observed individuals and extirpation is potentially imminent. Captive breeding is underway and there is a need to locate suitable sites for reintroduction and habitat management. Species distribution models (SDMs) predict habitat quality and guide management decisions. Most SDMs rely on statistical validation as a surrogate metric for accuracy, with presence‐only SDMs usually reporting area under the curve (AUC). Although experts have long cautioned against relying on statistical validation alone, accuracy is rarely field‐validated. We developed a presence‐only SDM using the maximum entropy (Maxent) method to predict probability of occurrence for the Poweshiek skipperling and determine environmental covariates associated with high probability of occurrence. We collected two independent datasets to (a) calibrate our model to predict categories of habitat quality (using factor analysis) and (b) compare expected and observed habitat quality to calculate model accuracy. Statistical validation showed that we predicted presence‐absence of training data with high accuracy (AUC = 0.98). Covariates responsible for most of the variation in probability of occurrence included soil drainage, habitat patch size, and land use type. Only 0.4% of the study area was expected to represent good‐excellent habitat with the remaining 99.6% medium‐poor. Our model predicted novel habitat quality with 81% accuracy (better than chance). Poor‐medium habitat was predicted more accurately (92%) than good‐excellent habitat (54%). Our model showed better accuracy than most other field‐validated SDMs reviewed. We reiterate calls for greater field‐validation of SDMs: if we had relied on statistical validation alone, perceived accuracy of our model would be inflated. Finally, managers can use our results to reliably exclude predicted poor‐medium habitats as candidates for Poweshiek skipperling habitat management or reintroduction.
Vulvamalignome: eine interdisziplinäre Betrachtung
Authors: Wohlmuth Christoph , Wohlmuth‐Wieser Iris 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungVulvamalignome stellen die vierthäufigste Gruppe von gynäkologischen Krebserkrankungen dar. Erste Ansprechpartner sind typischerweise niedergelassene Dermatologen und Gynäkologen. Mit der jeweiligen Fachexpertise findet die Diagnose und Therapie idealerweise interdisziplinär zwischen spezialisierten Dermatoonkologen und gynäkologischen Onkologen statt. Vulvamalignome sind überwiegend Erkrankungen des höheren Lebensalters, obwohl alle histologischen Subtypen auch bei Frauen unter 30 Jahren vorkommen. Die Diagnose erfolgt oft verzögert. Eine genaue Kartierung von Biopsien (Mapping) ist von großer Bedeutung, da Lokalisation und Entfernung von der Mittellinie in Abhängigkeit von der zugrunde liegenden Histologie das operative Vorgehen bestimmen. Plattenepithelkarzinome machen mehr als 76 % der Vulvamalignome aus und vulväre intraepitheliale Neoplasien (VIN) sind dabei wichtige Vorstufen. Der zweithäufigste Typ der Vulvakarzinome ist das Basalzellkarzinom. Melanome machen 5,7 % der vulvären Malignome aus und ihre Prognose ist schlechter als die der kutanen Melanome. Die meisten Studien zu Checkpoint‐Inhibitoren und zielgerichteten Therapien haben Patientinnen mit vulvären Melanomen nicht ausgeschlossen. Die vorliegende Evidenz wird im folgenden diskutiert.Die Methode der Wahl bei lokal resezierbaren Vulvamalignomen ist die Exzision. Angesichts ihrer Seltenheit sollte die Behandlung in spezialisierten Zentren erfolgen, um eine optimale Krankheitskontrolle zu erreichen und Kontinenz und sexuelle Funktion bestmöglich zu erhalten.
Kombinierte CO2‐Laser‐ und photodynamische Therapie erhöht die Wirksamkeit der Behandlung von Basalzellkarzinomen
Authors: Ferrara Francesca , Lacava Rossella , Barisani Alessia , Messori Stefano , Patrizi Annalisa , Bardazzi Federico , Vaccari Sabina 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleIn ausgewählten Fällen ist die konventionelle photodynamische Therapie (cPDT) bei der Behandlung des Basalzellkarzinoms (BZK) eine geeignete Alternative zu einem chirurgischen Eingriff. Allerdings ist sie auf superfizielle BZK beschränkt. Die Vorbehandlung von BZK mit ablativen Lasern könnte die Wirksamkeit der cPDT erhöhen. Wir haben die Kombinationstherapie aus cPDT und CO2‐Laser bei der Behandlung von superfiziellen und nodulären BZK untersucht.Patienten und MethodenIn der prospektiven monozentrischen Interventionsstudie wurden Patienten mit BZK unter Verwendung eines kontinuierlichen supergepulsten CO2‐Lasers für noduläre BZK sowie eines fraktionierten CO2‐Lasers für superfizielle BZK mit CO2‐Lasertherapie vorbehandelt. Anschließend wurden alle Patienten mit photodynamischer Therapie unter Verwendung von Methylaminolävulinat‐Creme und einer Aktilite CL128® Lampe (Galderma) behandelt.Ergebnisse32 Patienten (20 Männer, 12 Frauen) im Alter von 45 bis 96 Jahren (mit insgesamt 181 BZK) erhielten eine Kombinationstherapie aus CO2‐Laser und cPDT. Nach drei Monaten lag die Heilungsrate bei 100 %. Während der durchschnittlichen Nachbeobachtungszeit von 10,7 Monaten (Bereich: 4–18 Monate) gab es bei 97,2 % der Fälle keine Anzeichen eines Rezidivs. Wir beobachteten leichte unerwünschte Reaktionen und gute ästhetische Ergebnisse.SchlussfolgerungenAufgrund der hohen Wirksamkeit, dem guten ästhetischen Ergebnis und den geringen Nebenwirkungen empfehlen wir diese Kombinationstherapie bei ausgewählten Fällen.
Decoding the Notch signal
Authors: Falo‐Sanjuan Julia , Bray Sarah J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNotch signalling controls many key cellular processes which differ according to the context where the pathway is deployed due to the transcriptional activation of specific sets of genes. The pathway is unusual in its lack of amplification, also raising the question of how it can efficiently activate transcription with limited amounts of nuclear activity. Here, we focus on mechanisms that enable Notch to produce appropriate transcriptional responses and speculate on models that could explain the current gaps in knowledge.
Knee pain and crouch gait in individuals with cerebral palsy: what impact does crouch‐related surgery have?
Authors: Pelrine Eliza R , Novacheck Tom F , Boyer Elizabeth R 
Published: December 2019

AimTo investigate the effect of crouch‐related surgery on knee pain in individuals with cerebral palsy.MethodWe retrospectively identified individuals with two three‐dimensional gait analyses at baseline and follow‐up visits. All individuals walked in crouch gait at baseline. Visits were 9 months to 42 months apart. Baseline knee pain, age, crouch‐related surgery (yes/no), and minimum knee flexion at follow‐up were entered into a logistic regression to predict follow‐up knee pain.ResultsThirty‐two individuals (21 males, 11 females; mean [SD] age 12y 10mo [2y 5mo]; 8y 1mo–18y 7mo) received crouch‐related surgery, while 19 were managed non‐surgically. At baseline, knee pain prevalence was 38% in the surgical group and 21% in the non‐surgical group. At follow‐up, 34% of the surgical group and 16% of the non‐surgical group had knee pain (odds ratio: 2.809, p=0.285).InterpretationCrouch‐related surgery does not appear to decrease knee pain prevalence compared to a comparison group, based on this preliminary study. Further investigation of the roles of these procedures is indicated with regards to this patient‐reported outcome.What this paper adds

Approximately 38% of individuals undergoing crouch‐related surgery had knee pain.

Approximately 42% of individuals with baseline knee pain who had surgery still had knee pain 1 year postoperatively.

Approximately 50% of those with baseline knee pain managed non‐surgically still had knee pain 1 year later.

Crouch‐related surgery tended not to decrease knee pain prevalence 1 year postoperatively.
Patients with cirrhosis and SBP: Increase in multidrug‐resistant organisms and complications
Authors: Li Hanwei , Wieser Andreas , Zhang Jiang , Liss Ingrid , Markwardt Daniel , Hornung Roman , Neumann‐Cip Anna C. , Mayerle Julia , Gerbes Alexander , Steib Christian J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. In recent years, it has been postulated that the rate of multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs) is increasing, especially in nosocomial SBP patients. Aim of the present work was to investigate this hypothesis and its possible clinical consequences.Materials and methodsOne hundred and three culture‐positive patients between 2007 and 2014 were compared with 81 patients between 2015 and 2017, to study the change of microbiological profiles and their clinical consequences. The cirrhosis patients with bacterascites requiring treatment were included as well.ResultsThe most prevalent Gram‐negative bacteria isolated from ascites were Enterobacterales (31.6%) and in Gram‐positive pathogens Staphylococci (22.8%). There was a significant increase in MDROs (22.3% ICU 40.7%, P = .048), accompanied by an increased incidence of sepsis (from 21.4% to 37.0%, P = .021), hepatorenal syndrome (from 40.8% to 58.0%, P = .007) and the need of catecholamine therapy (from 21.4% to 38.8%, P = .036). Nosocomial origin correlated with higher MDRO proportion, more complications and lower antimicrobial susceptibility rates in 12 commonly used antibiotics. MDROs were confirmed as an isolated predictor for inpatient mortality and complications in multivariable logistic regression.ConclusionsThe feeling in clinical practice that MDROs have increased in the last 11 years could be confirmed in our study in Munich, Germany. Nosocomial SBP correlated with significantly higher MDRO rates (nearly 50%) and complication rates. In our opinion, an antibiotic combination with comprehensive effect should be taken into account in nosocomial SBP patients in this region.
Simulation of over‐exploitation of ornamental fish and its consequences for the functional structure of assemblages of Amazonian streams
Authors: Castanho Danilo G. R. , de Deus Cláudia P. , Zuanon Jansen , Santorelli Sergio , Leitão Rafael P. , Teresa Fabrício B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe consequences of over‐exploitation may seriously impair the integrity and functioning of ecosystems. When loss of species is accompanied by the loss of ecological processes, the effects are no longer just taxonomic and may affect the stability of the environments. Ornamental fishing is one of the main economic activities of the middle Negro River. Such activity is directed to a small number of species and has the Cardinal Tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) as the main target species. Given the potential effects this pressure and the lack of information on its consequences, the present study analysed, through simulations, the possible effects of depletion of ornamental fish populations on the functional structure of fish assemblages, represented by functional diversity (FD) and functional redundancy (FR) indexes. We sampled 13 streams exploited by the ornamental fishery, where we collected 4,286 specimens of 110 species, of which 22 were targeted as ornamental fishing. We found that the ornamental species corresponded, on average, to 27.8% of the species and 33.3% of the FD of the assemblages. In a scenario of complete exclusion of ornamental species, local communities would lose 24.6% of the FD and reduce up to 12% of the FR. With these results, it is possible to infer that the local extinction of exploited species would cause negative impacts on the multifunctionality and the resilience of the streams ecosystems. In this way, we emphasise the need for proper management of the ornamental fisheries aiming to the sustainability of the activity and to the conservation of ecosystem functionality.
Hybrid modeling of alpha rhythm and the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations abnormalities in the thalamocortical region and basal ganglia in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Cakir Yuksel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA hybrid computational model of thalamocortical circuitry and basal ganglia is proposed to investigate the relation between the fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in the resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) in the striatum and electroencephalogram (EEG) changes within the alpha frequency bands in thalamic region in the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD). For that purpose, an Izikhevich neuron model‐based network of the basal ganglia region is constructed and connected with the thalamic region which is modeled as neural mass. By considering the neurodegenerative changes in AD, the network dynamics are analyzed. The relation between the neural activity of basal ganglia and AD is investigated by modeling the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal. Decrease in fALFF of slow‐4 band in the simulated BOLD signal of the striatum is observed. As the thalamic region receives inhibitory connections from basal ganglia over globus pallidus internal segment (GPi), the parameter changes emulating AD degenerations in the striatum increased the inhibitory effect on the thalamic network, and as a result, slowing in alpha rhythms is observed. It is observed that the decrease in the synaptic strength between the neurons in the striatum has a dominant effect on the slowing in alpha rhythm and also causes a decrease in fALFF of slow‐4 band in striatum. This demonstrates a close and causal relation between the decrease in fALFF in the striatum and the slowing in alpha rhythms in the thalamic region in AD.
Reconstructing the Concept of Diversity Climate – A Critical Review of Its Definition, Dimensions, and Operationalization
Authors: Cachat‐Rosset Gaëlle , Carillo Kévin , Klarsfeld Alain 
Published: December 2019

Over the last 20 years, the notion of diversity climate has gained popularity as it is purported to play a key role in maximizing the positive effects of workforce diversity. However, it remains an a‐contextual, unclear and unstable concept relying on a variety of conceptualizations and subsequent operationalizations. We conducted a literature review to highlight the inconsistencies of diversity climate research and as a result the limited validity of its findings. We then develop a new conceptualization for diversity climate, articulated around three components: intentionality, programming and praxis, that integrate the different perspectives adopted in diversity climate research. This study has significant implications for both research and practice, providing a robust reconstruction of the concept. We ultimately identify relevant avenues for future research.
Individual and social factors affecting the ability of American crows to solve and master a string pulling task
Authors: Pendergraft LomaJohn T. , Lehnert Adrienne L. , Marzluff John M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCrows and other birds in the family Corvidae regularly share information to learn the identity and whereabouts of dangerous predators, but can they use social learning to solve a novel task for a food reward? Here, we examined the factors affecting the ability of 27 wild‐caught American crows to solve a common string pulling task in a laboratory setting. We split crows into two groups; one group was given the task after repeatedly observing a conspecific model the solution and the other solved in the absence of conspecific models. We recorded the crows’ estimated age, sex, size, body condition, level of nervousness, and brain volume using DICOM images from a CT scan. Although none of these variables were statistically significant, crows without a conspecific model and large brain volumes consistently mastered the task in the minimum number of days, whereas those with conspecific models and smaller brain volumes required varying and sometimes a substantial number of days to master the task. We found indirect evidence that body condition might also be important for motivating crows to solve the task. Crows with conspecific models were no more likely to initially solve the task than those working the puzzle without social information, but those that mastered the task usually copied the method most frequently demonstrated by their knowledgeable neighbors. These findings suggest that brain volume and possibly body condition may be factors in learning new tasks and that crows can use social learning to refine their ability to obtain a novel food source, although they must initially learn to access it themselves.
A novel spatiotemporal stock assessment framework to better address fine‐scale species distributions: Development and simulation testing
Authors: Cao Jie , Thorson James T. , Punt André E. , Szuwalski Cody 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCharacterizing population distribution and abundance over space and time is central to population ecology and conservation of natural populations. However, species distribution models and population dynamic models have rarely been integrated into a single modelling framework. Consequently, fine‐scale spatial heterogeneity is often ignored in resource assessments. We develop and test a novel spatiotemporal assessment framework to better address fine‐scale spatial heterogeneities based on theories of fish population dynamic and spatiotemporal statistics. The spatiotemporal model links species distribution and population dynamic models within a single statistical framework that is flexible enough to permit inference for each state variable through space and time. We illustrate the model with a simulation–estimation experiment tailored to two exploited marine species: snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio, Oregoniidae) in the Eastern Bering Sea and northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis, Pandalidae) in the Gulf of Maine. These two species have different types of life history. We compare the spatiotemporal model with a spatially aggregated model and systematically evaluate the spatiotemporal model based on simulation experiments. We show that the spatiotemporal model can recover spatial patterns in population and exploitation pressure as well as provide unbiased estimates of spatially aggregated population quantities. The spatiotemporal model also implicitly accounts for individual movement rates and can outperform spatially aggregated models by accounting for time‐and‐size varying selectivity caused by spatial heterogeneity. We conclude that spatiotemporal modelling framework is a feasible and promising approach to address the spatial structure of natural resource populations, which is a major challenge in understanding population dynamics and conducting resource assessments and management.
Catching industrial fishing incursions into inshore waters of Africa from space
Authors: Belhabib Dyhia , Cheung William W. L. , Kroodsma David , Lam Vicky W. Y. , Underwood Philip J. , Virdin John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSmall‐scale fisheries contribute substantially to the sustainability of coastal communities by providing livelihood and economic opportunities and ensuring food security. However, their geographic range of operation overlaps with that of industrial fisheries, increasing the resource competition, risk of vessel collision and inter‐sector conflicts, while jeopardizing the sustainability of fish stocks. When industrial vessels venture into waters that are reserved to artisanal fisheries, their operations become illegal. In Africa, the extent of such operations, beyond their legal implications, has resulted in severe economic, food security and maritime safety issues. In this paper, we use automatic identification system data derived from satellite technology to predict fishing operations and find that industrial fleets spend 3%–6% of their time fishing within inshore areas reserved for small‐scale fisheries between 2012 and 2016, of the total 4.2 million industrial fishing hours within the Exclusive Economic Zones of African countries. We assessed the total fishing effort by this form of illegal fishing operations at 166 million kWhours at least out of 4.9 billion kWhours in total. We discuss this dangerous form of illegal fishing, which often results in deadly collisions with small‐scale sector operators, increases competition and conflicts over fisheries access, threatens the sustainability of fish stocks, and calls for better governance, and protection.
A novel multiscale approach to brittle fracture of nano/micro‐sized components
Authors: Kotoul Michal , Skalka Petr , Profant Tomáš , Řehák Petr , Šesták Petr , Černý Miroslav , Pokluda Jaroslav 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrinciples and advantages of a new concept based on the ab initio aided strain gradient elasticity theory are shown in comparison with the classical Barenblatt cohesive model. The method is applied to the theoretical prediction of the critical energy release rate and the crack tip opening displacement at the crack instability in nanopanels made of germanium and molybdenum crystals. The necessary length scale parameter l1 is determined for germanium and molybdenum by the best gradient elasticity fits of ab initio computed screw dislocation displacements and phonon dispersions. Values of ab initio computed critical energy release rates and crack opening profiles revealed that the length l1 is related to inflexion points of profiles. A novel ab initio method in combination with continuum mechanics was successfully tested to replace molecular statics dependent of availability of interatomic potentials. The asymptotic strain gradient elasticity solution for displacement components near the crack tip in materials with cubic lattice was also derived.
The history of hemodialysis in China
Authors: Bi Shu‐Hong , Mu Bingyao , Tang Ziyong , Fan Minhua , Wang Tao , Ahmad Suhail 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe technique of hemodialysis was introduced into China more than 50 years ago; and both research and use of clinical hemodialysis began in mid‐1960s to late‐1960s. A brief review of the history of hemodialysis in China is presented here, including a brief description of pioneers and their contributions, local development and use of dialyzers, hemodialysis machines, and vascular access, and dialysis management and logistics.