bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging of Löffler endocarditis: a case report
Authors: Ito Shinya , Isotani Akihiro , Yamaji Kyohei , Ando Kenji 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Löffler endocarditis is a condition characterized by cardiac infiltration of eosinophils. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a modality for the diagnosis of myocardial damage.

Case summary
This is the case of a 77-year-old man with acute decompensated heart failure who was admitted. Transthoracic echocardiography showed preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function along with LV thrombi attached to the septo-apical wall and the posterior wall, consistent with Löffler endocarditis. Cardiac MRI revealed obliteration of the LV apex and partial filling of the LV cavity, as well as near circumferential subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the mid- and apical segments. T2-weighted images showed a near circumferential high-intensity area of the LV subendocardial muscle in the mid- and apical segments. High-dose corticosteroids and intravenous heparin were initiated, followed by maintenance warfarin therapy. At 18 months, follow-up cardiac MRI revealed the disappearance of the LV thrombi, and a reduction of LGE, as well as high-intensity areas in the T2-weighted images.

Discussion
The high-intensity area of T2-weighted images indicate the presence of subendocardial oedema. Eosinophil-mediated heart damage evolves through three stages: (i) acute necrotic, (ii) thrombotic, and (iii) fibrotic stages. Since the deposition of toxic eosinophil granule proteins and eosinophil infiltration injured the endocardium, the first-line treatment for Löffler endocarditis is corticosteroid therapy. In this case, LGE in the subendocardium and the high-intensity area in the T2-weighted images were reduced at 18 months. High-intensity areas of T2-weighted images in the acute phase might indicate the possibility of therapeutic response to corticosteroid therapy.
Comparative political process theory
Authors: Gardbaum Stephen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
What, if anything, do recent constitutional court decisions requiring a legislature to create a customized presidential impeachment procedure, invalidating a government’s prorogation of parliament, rejecting the disbanding of an independent anticorruption unit, and striking down legislation for inadequate deliberation have in common? They are all examples of courts protecting the political processes of representative democracy against threats or failures. Yet none of these various types of failure appear in the work that is synonymous with a political process theory of judicial review: John Hart Ely’s Democracy and Distrust. This article argues that when we look beyond the United States and at the comparative context generally, a political process theory has a great deal of relevance and application to constitutional law and courts around the world, both descriptively and normatively. Especially now when the structures and processes of representative democracy are under assault in so many places. However, for comparative purposes, Ely’s account takes too narrow a view of what types of political process failures exist and are of concern, and what types of judicial review or other protective mechanisms they may call for. It is also an interpretive theory of one system, but what is needed in the comparative context is a broader, normative theory of the role of courts and other actors in protecting democratic politics. Accordingly, suitably expanded and adapted, a comparative political process theory can make a valuable contribution to the field of comparative constitutional law. This article seeks to explore and further develop such a theory.
Keeping communities at the centre of efforts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: learning from the past to reach a future free of lymphatic filariasis
Authors: Krentel Alison , Gyapong Margaret , McFarland Deborah A , Ogundahunsi Olumide , Titaley Christiana R , Addiss David G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since the launch of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) in 2000, more than 910 million people have received preventive chemotherapy for lymphatic filariasis (LF) and many thousands have received care for chronic manifestations of the disease. To achieve this, millions of community drug distributors (CDDs), community members and health personnel have worked together each year to ensure that at-risk communities receive preventive chemotherapy through mass drug administration (MDA). The successes of 20 y of partnership with communities is celebrated, including the application of community-directed treatment, the use of CDDs and integration with other platforms to improve community access to healthcare. Important challenges facing the GPELF moving forward towards 2030 relate to global demographic, financing and programmatic changes. New innovations in research and practice present opportunities to encourage further community partnership to achieve the elimination of LF as a public health problem. We stress the critical need for community ownership in the current Covid-19 pandemic, to counter concerns in relaunching MDA programmes for LF.
Recent trends for the management of diabetes for older adults in the context of universal coverage and COVID-19: evidence from Mexico
Authors: Arredondo Armando 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo identify trends in the epidemiological and economic burden of diabetes in the elderly.MethodsUsing the Box–Jenkins method to estimate expected cases for the period 2020–2022, costs were determined with the instrumentation technique. The population base was 4 032 189 older adults diagnosed with diabetes in 2019.ResultsRegarding the epidemiological burden, there is an increase of 11–15% (p&lt;0.001). Comparing the economic burden for 2020 vs 2022, the increase is estimated as 29% (p&lt;0.05).ConclusionIn the framework of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the increase in diabetes cases and costs in older adults substantially complicates the scope of universal coverage for patients with diabetes.
Providing Inclusive Care for Transgender Patients: Capturing Sex and Gender in the Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Patel Khushbu , Lyon Martha E , Luu Hung S 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundProviding a positive patient experience for transgender individuals includes making the best care decisions and providing an inclusive care environment in which individuals are welcomed and respected. Over the past decades, introduction of electronic medical record (EMR) systems into healthcare has improved quality of care and patient outcomes through improved communications among care providers and patients and reduced medical errors. Promoting the highest standards of care for the transgender populations requires collecting and documenting detailed information about patient identity, including sex and gender information in both the EMR and laboratory information system (LIS).ContentAs EMR systems are beginning to incorporate sex and gender information to accommodate transgender and gender nonconforming patients, it is important for clinical laboratories to understand the importance and complexity of this endeavor. In this review, we highlight the current progress and gaps in EMR/LIS to capture relevant sex and gender information.SummaryMany EMR and LIS systems have the capability to capture sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI). Fully integrating SOGI into medical records can be challenging, but is very much needed to provide inclusive care for transgender individuals.
Women and Men Municipal Managers Doing and Undoing Gender
Authors: Bishu Sebawit G , Heckler Nuri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Drawing on the literature from critical gender studies and feminist critiques of bureaucracy, we explore the demands for gender work created when women occupy traditionally masculine roles in municipal government management. The article traces the work performed when municipal managers and municipalities respond to gendered demands, maintain gender perceptions, and negotiate gendered expectations, collectively referred to as gender work. To examine this process, we apply inductive qualitative method to analyze 21 semistructured interviews with men and women municipal managers in southeast United States. Our study reveals gender work at different levels of organizational hierarchies and in multiple ways. We find that women CAOs perform masculine gender work to negotiate a place in municipal leadership. We also find that municipal governments and men CAOs do feminine gender work to cultivate an environment for women to occupy counterstereotypical roles. This study suggests that jobs, institutional rules and policies, informal arrangements, work structures, and individuals’ private lives interplay to require gender work from women that is more complex and more demanding than that required of men in the same roles.
Biomass allocation between leaf and stem regulates community-level plant nutrient resorption efficiency response to nitrogen and phosphorus additions in a temperate wetland of Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Yun , Yang Gui-Sheng , Shi Fu-Xi , Mao Rong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Nutrient resorption is a crucial component of plant nutrient use strategy, yet the controls on the responses of community-level nutrient resorption to altered nutrient availability remain unclear. Here, we addressed two questions: (1) Did leaf and stem nutrient resorption respond consistently to increased nutrient availability? (2) Was community-level plant nutrient resorption response after nutrient enrichment driven by the intraspecific plasticity in plant nutrient resorption or by altered species composition?

Methods
We investigated the changes in aboveground biomass, and leaf and stem nutrient resorption of individual species after 3-year nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions, and assessed community-level nutrient resorption response to 3-year nutrient additions in a graminoid-dominated temperate wetland, Northeast China.

Important Findings
For both leaves and stems, N and P additions did not affect nutrient resorption efficiency, but they decreased respective nutrient resorption proficiency. Similarly, community-level N and P resorption proficiency declined with respective nutrient addition. Community-level N and P resorption efficiency was reduced by N addition primarily due to altered community composition and declined leaf:stem ratio. These results suggest that leaf and stem nutrient resorption processes exhibit consistent responses to increasing nutrient availability in the temperate wetland. These findings highlight the importance of altered species composition and biomass allocation between leaf and stem in driving community-level nutrient resorption response to nutrient enrichment.
Trends in Antibiotic Consumption and Resistance in France Over 20 Years: Large and Continuous Efforts but Contrasting Results
Authors: Carlet Jean , Jarlier Vincent , Acar Jacques , Debaere Olivier , Dehaumont Patrick , Grandbastien Bruno , Le Coz Pierre , Lina Gerard , Pean Yves , Rambaud Claude , Roblot France , Salomon Jérôme , Schlemmer Benoit , Tattevin Pierre , Vallet Benoit 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to humanity. This paper describes the French efforts made since 2001 and presents data on antimicrobial consumption (AC) and AMR.

Methods
We gathered all data on AC and AMR recorded since 2001 from different national agencies, transferred on a regular basis to standardized European data on AC and resistance in both humans and animals.

Results
After a large information campaign implemented in France from 2001 to 2005 in humans, AC in the community decreased significantly (18% to 34% according to the calculation method used). It remained at the same level from 2005 to 2010 and increased again from 2010 to 2018 (8%). Contrasting results were observed for AMR. The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus decreased significantly. For gram-negative bacilli, the results were variable according to the microorganism. The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to third-generation cephalosporins increased, remaining moderate for Escherichia coli (12% in 2017) but reaching 35% in the same year for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Resistance to carbapenems in those 2 microorganisms remained below 1%. Both global AC and resistance to most antibiotics decreased significantly in animals.

Conclusions
Antibiotic consumption decreased significantly in France after a large public campaign from 2001 to 2005, but this positive effect was temporary. The effect on AMR varied according to the specific microorganism: The effect was very impressive for gram-positive cocci, variable for gram-negative bacilli, and moderate for E. coli, but that for K. pneumoniae was of concern. The consumption of and resistance to antibiotics decreased significantly in animals.
Tele-rheumatology for overcoming socioeconomic barriers to healthcare in resource constrained settings: lessons from COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kavadichanda Chengappa , Shah Sanket , Daber Anu , Bairwa Devender , Mathew Anoop , Dunga Saikumar , Das Anna C , Gopal Aishwarya , Ravi Karunya , Kar Sitanshu Sekhar , Negi Vir Singh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To assess acceptability of teleconsultation among the socioeconomically marginalized sections of patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), to identify the socioeconomic barriers in continuing rheumatology care during the COVID-19 crisis and to identify patients who could benefit by shifting to tele-rheumatology consultations.

Methods
This was a cross sectional analytical study done at a tertiary care teaching hospital in India including patients with RMDs who were not on biological diseases modifying agents. Assessment of disease status, socioeconomic status and economic impact of COVID-19 was done via tele-consultation.

Results
Out of the 680 patients satisfying inclusion criteria, 373 completed the study. The format was found easy by 334 (89.6%) of them and 284 (76.1%) considered tele-rheumatology better than in-person consultation. During the pre-COVID months, the median monthly per capita income of the families of our patients and cost of illness was Indian rupees (INR) 2000 (US$ 26) and INR 1685 (US$ 21.91), respectively. Families whose financial needs were met (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.239, 0.598) or those with schooling upto at least secondary school (OR = 0.442, 95% CI: 0.260, 0.752) (P =0.002) were less likely to stop prescription drugs. In a hypothetical model, 289 (77.4%) could be successfully switched to tele-rheumatology follow-up.

Conclusion
The acceptability of tele-rheumatology among socioeconomically marginalized patients with RMDs is good. During times of crisis, patients from poorer strata of society and lower educational background are likely to abruptly stop medications. Switching to a telemedicine-based hybrid model is likely to improve drug adherence with substantial savings on loss of pay and out of pocket expenditure.
XV American Literature to 1900
Authors: Flint Azelina , Hughes Tomos , McGettigan Katie , Salway Matthew , White Rebecca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter has two sections: 1. Journals; 2. Monographs and Edited Collections. Section 1 is by Azelina Flint, Tomos Hughes, and Katie McGettigan; section 2 is by Azelina Flint, Tomos Hughes, Katie McGettigan, Matthew Salway, and Rebecca White.
XVII New Literatures
Authors: Batra Kanika , Egbunike Louisa , Lorre-Johnston Christine , Kamugisha Aaron , Manzo Kerry , Miller Benjamin , Naruse Cheryl Narumi , Niblett Michael , Raja Ira , Sharrad Paul , Uraizee Joya , Garcia Zarranz Libe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter has seven sections: 1. Africa; 2. Australia; 3. Canada; 4. The Caribbean; 5. New Zealand and Pacific; 6. South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent and Sri Lanka; and 7. Southeast Asia. Section 1 is by Kanika Batra, Louisa Egbunike, Kerry Manzo, and Joya Uraizee; section 2 is by Benjamin Miller and Paul Sharrad; section 3 is by Christine Lorre-Johnston and Libe García- Zarranz; section 4 is by Aaron Kamugisha and Michael Niblett; section 5 is by Dougal McNeill; section 6 is by Ira Raja; section 7 is by Cheryl Narumi Naruse.
The Impact of Stand Age and Fertilization on the Soil Microbiome of Miscanthus × giganteus
Authors: Ma Lanying , Rocha Fernando Igne , Lee Jaejin , Choi Jinlyung , Tejera Mauricio , Sooksa-Nguan Thanwalee , Boersma Nicholas , VanLoocke Andy , Heaton Emily , Howe Adina 
Published: November 2020

Yield of the perennial grass Miscanthus × giganteus has shown an inconsistent and unpredictable response to nitrogen (N) fertilizer, yet fertilization underpins the crop’s environmental and economic sustainability. The interactions among soil microbial communities, N availability, and Miscanthus × giganteus and management may explain changes in plant productivity. In this study, soil samples from different stand ages of Miscanthus × giganteus in a replicated chronosequence field trial were used to investigate the effects of stand age and N fertilizer rates on microbial community structure. We hypothesized that there is a definable Miscanthus × giganteus soil microbiome and that this community varies significantly with stand age and fertilization. Our results showed that the main phyla in soil microbial communities, regardless of plant age, are similar but microbial community structures are significantly different. The variation in observed microbial communities generally decreases with older stand ages. The amount of N fertilizer applied also affected the microbial community structure associated with different aged Miscanthus × giganteus. Specifically, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria) and Acidobacteria (subgroup Gp1) increased shortly after fertilization and was more associated with younger Miscanthus × giganteus. Furthermore, our results show a significant relationship between bacterial α diversity and fertilization rates and that this response is also affected by stand age. Overall, our results emphasize linkages between microbial community structure, plant age, and fertilization in Miscanthus × giganteus. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Inflammatory endotypes of CRSwNP and responses to COVID-19
Authors: Wang Ming , Wang Chengshuo , Zhang Luo 
Published: November 2020

Purpose of review
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly become a great public health hazard globally. Nasal epithelial cells are an important site for SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on the endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Recent findings
Endotypes of CRSwNP are characterized by type 1, type 2 and type 3 inflammation according to patterns of inflammatory cells and the cytokines expressed in nasal tissue. Nasal epithelial cells show the highest expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for attachment and entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells, among all investigated cells in the respiratory tree. SARS-CoV-2 infection likely leads to increased activation of T-helper-1 (Th1) cell responses. Recent studies further suggest that ACE2 may be upregulated by type 1 and downregulated by type 2 inflammatory cytokines in nasal epithelial cells.

Summary
Expression of ACE2 in nasal epithelial cells is influenced by inflammatory endotypes of CRSwNP. Type 1 inflammation in nasal tissue may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by upregulating ACE2 expression. However, clinical association between CRSwNP and COVID-19 is still unclear.
The regulators of BCR signaling during B cell activation
Authors: Wen Yue , Jing Yukai , Yang Lu , Kang Danqing , Jiang Panpan , Li Na , Cheng Jiali , Li Jingwen , Li Xingbo , Peng Zican , Sun Xizi , Miller Heather , Sui Zhiwei , Gong Quan , Ren Boxu , Yin Wei , Liu Chaohong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
B lymphocytes produce antibodies under the stimulation of specific antigens, thereby exerting an immune effect. B cells identify antigens by their surface B cell receptor (BCR), which upon stimulation, directs the cell to activate and differentiate into antibody generating plasma cells. Activation of B cells via their BCRs involves signaling pathways that are tightly controlled by various regulators. In this review, we will discuss three major BCR mediated signaling pathways (the PLC-γ2 pathway, PI3K pathway and MAPK pathway) and related regulators, which were roughly divided into positive, negative and mutual-balanced regulators, and the specific regulators of the specific signaling pathway based on regulatory effects.
Intensive care unit outcomes in patients with hematological malignancy
Authors: Rawson Jarrod Leigh , Fagan Fionnuala Mary , Burrough Georgin Claire , Tang Helen Michelle , Cuncannon Moire Alys , Ellem Katrina Louise , Enjeti Anoop Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hematological malignancies are usually life-limiting conditions. Limitations of care need to be decided early, based on acceptability to the patient, family, physician, and community. Inappropriate intensive care unit (ICU) admission is likely to result in significant physical, psychological, and economic burden. There is little published on the impact of non-acute preadmission disease factors on ICU outcomes in hematological malignancies.

Aim:
To identify baseline performance and disease-associated factors before admission to ICU in patients with hematological malignancy that contribute to subsequent ICU mortality.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of electronic medical records, laboratory results, and Intensive Care data for all patients (n = 184) with hematological malignancy admitted to the Calvary Mater Hospital ICU between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2017 was undertaken. Baseline age, gender, condition, Eastern Cooperative Oncology, and Charlson Comorbidity scores were compared to ICU outcome and overall survival. Disease-specific prognostic risk scores were compared to ICU outcome.

Results:
Overall, 73.9% survived the ICU admission, with 31.6% surviving at 12 months. Superior ejection fractions (>55%) and prognosis >12 months (based on disease-specific risk scores) were significantly associated with overall survival (P = 0.024 and P = 0.001). Induction and posttransplantation therapy were predictive of poor ICU survival outcome (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.041). APACHE scores were significant predictors of ICU mortality (P = 0.002 for APACHE II and P < 0.0001 for APACHE III).

Conclusion:
Survival outcomes for patients with hematological malignancy admitted to the ICU correlate with functional and comorbidity status. Disease-specific prognostic scores can assist in recognizing patients likely to benefit from ICU admission.