bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with idiopathic and post‐surgical rapid gastric emptying who present with unexplained chronic nausea
Authors: Wang Patty T. , Wellington Jennifer , Koch Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe cause of chronic nausea can be difficult to diagnose. Idiopathic rapid gastric emptying (iRGE) can cause nausea, but limited literature exists on clinical and pathophysiological features. In contrast, dumping syndrome or post‐surgical rapid gastric emptying (psRGE) is well‐known and may present with early phase vasomotor symptoms, diarrhea, and late phase reactive hypoglycemia. Our aim is to compare clinical and gastric motility characteristics in patients with iRGE and psRGE and unexplained chronic nausea.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on patients with unexplained chronic nausea and RGE (<30% retention of a standard isotope‐labeled solid meal at 1‐h). Gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) was recorded during water load satiety tests (WLST) using validated electrogastrogram (EGG) recording methods.Key ResultsThirty iRGE and sixteen psRGE patients with unexplained chronic nausea were identified; average 1‐hour meal retention was 18.6% and 16.2%, respectively. Nausea, bloating, early satiety, and bowel function were similar in the two groups; fewer iRGE patients had abdominal pain and none had vasomotor symptoms. Normal 3 cpm GMA was recorded in 44% of iRGE vs 29% of psRGE, tachygastria in 13% vs 43%, bradygastria in 25% vs 14%, and mixed in 19% vs 14% (pvalues >0.05). Abnormal WLST volume (<300 ml) was found in 69% of iRGE and 43% of psRGE (p = 0.36).Conclusions & Inferences(a) iRGE and psRGE patients may present with unexplained chronic nausea rather than classic vasomotor symptoms and diarrhea. (b) iRGE and psRGE patients had similar gastric dysrhythmias and accommodation dysfunction, which may contribute to RGE.
The distributional impact of climate change
Authors: Tol Richard S.J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPoorer, hotter countries are more vulnerable to climate change and will experience more negative impacts. The pattern of vulnerability between countries is used to impute impacts for income deciles within countries, for administrative regions, and for grid cells. Almost three‐quarters of people will face worse impacts than their country average. Between‐country variation is larger than within‐country variation for income deciles and regions, and about as large for grid cells. I here revisit earlier estimates of the economic impact of climate change and extend the analysis to impute the distribution of impacts within countries.
The role of Nodal and Cripto‐1 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Daraghma Hussein , Untiveros Gustavo , Raskind Aleksandr , Iaccarino Emanuela , Sandomenico Annamaria , Ruvo Menotti , Arnouk Hilal , Ciancio Mae J. , Cuevas‐Nunez Maria , Strizzi Luigi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity. Nodal and Cripto‐1 (CR‐1) are important developmental morphogens expressed in several adult cancers and are associated with disease progression. Whether Nodal and CR‐1 are simultaneously expressed in the same tumor and how this affects cancer biology are unclear. We investigate the expression and potential role of both Nodal and CR‐1 in human OSCC. Immunohistochemistry results show that Nodal and CR‐1 are both expressed in the same human OSCC sample and that intensity of Nodal staining is correlated with advanced‐stage disease. However, this was not observed with CR‐1 staining. Western blot analysis of lysates from two human OSCC line experiments shows expression of CR‐1 and Nodal, and their respective signaling molecules, Src and ERK1/2. Treatment of SCC25 and SCC15 cells with both Nodal and CR‐1 inhibitors simultaneously resulted in reduced cell viability and reduced levels of P‐Src and P‐ERK1/2. Further investigation showed that the combination treatment with both Nodal and CR‐1 inhibitors was capable of reducing invasiveness of SCC25 cells. Our results show a possible role for Nodal/CR‐1 function during progression of human OSCC and that targeting both proteins simultaneously may have therapeutic potential.
Inhibition of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 2 attenuated ligature‐induced periodontitis in mice
Authors: Snipes Marquise , Sun Chao , Yu Hong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesPeriodontitis is an inflammatory bone loss disease initiated by oral bacterial inflammation. Herein, we determined whether inhibition of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2, a G protein‐coupled receptor) by its specific antagonist, JTE013, could alleviate ligature‐induced periodontitis in mice.Materials and MethodsC57BL/6 mice were placed with silk ligatures at the left maxillary second molar to induce experimental periodontitis. Mice were treated with JTE013 or control vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) oral topically on the ligatures once daily. After 15 days of treatment, RNA was extracted from the lingual mucosal tissues to quantify IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF mRNA levels in the tissues. Alveolar bone loss was determined by micro‐computed tomography. Sagittal periodontal tissue sections were cut and stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for general histology, or stained by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) for osteoclasts.ResultsTreatment with JTE013 attenuated ligature‐induced alveolar bone loss compared with DMSO treatment. Treatment with JTE013 reduced IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF mRNA levels in murine gingival mucosal tissues, inhibited leukocyte infiltration in the periodontal tissues, and decreased the number of osteoclasts in the periodontal tissues compared with controls.ConclusionOral topical administration of JTE013 alleviated periodontal inflammatory bone loss induced by ligature placement in mice.
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz on self‐control
Authors: Gallegos‐Ordorica Sergio Armando 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Novohispanic nun Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz has not been traditionally considered as a philosopher within the Anglophone philosophical sphere because her writings are primarily poems and plays. In the last three decades, only a few philosophers have engaged with Sor Juana's works. However, their scholarship has focused only on a narrow range of issues, such as Sor Juana's defense of the right of women to be educated, and has neglected other dimensions of her thought, such as her position on self‐control. In this study, I argue that, in contraposition to traditional interpretations of Sor Juana's views on self‐control offered by Octavio Paz and Anna More, it is better to read her as adopting a stance on self‐control that prefigures a position recently adopted by Al Mele (who distinguishes having self‐control from being self‐controlled). In particular, I show that the interpretation that I propose is better than the others I discuss because it fits better Sor Juana's apologetic goals.
Visual load does not decrease the auditory steady‐state response to 40‐Hz amplitude‐modulated tones
Authors: Szychowska Malina , Wiens Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe auditory pathway consists of multiple recurrent loops of afferent and efferent connections that extend from the cochlea up to the prefrontal cortex. The early‐filter theory proposes that these loops allow top‐down filtering of early and middle latency auditory responses. Furthermore, the adaptive filtering model suggests that the filtering of irrelevant auditory stimuli should start lower in the pathway during more demanding tasks. If so, the 40‐Hz auditory steady‐state responses (ASSRs) to irrelevant sounds should be affected by top‐down crossmodal attention to a visual task, and effects should vary with the load of the visual task. Because few studies have examined this possibility, we conducted two preregistered studies that manipulated visual load (Study 1: N = 43, Study 2: N = 45). Study 1 used two levels (low and high), and Study 2 used four levels (no, low, high, and very high). Subjects were asked to ignore a 500‐Hz task‐irrelevant tone that was amplitude‐modulated to evoke 40‐Hz ASSRs. Results from Bayesian analyses provided moderate to extreme support for no effect of load (or of a task) on ASSRs. Results also supported no interaction with time (i.e., over blocks, over minutes, or with changes in ASSRs that were synchronized with the onset of the visual stimuli). Further, results provided moderate support for no correlation between the effects of load and working memory capacity. Because the present findings support the robustness of ASSRs against manipulations of crossmodal attention, they are not consistent with the adaptive filtering model.
Time and memory in Carthage
Authors: Das Nandini 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRome and the Roman idea of imperium – a centring, totalizing military and legal right to rule and command obedience – looms large behind innumerable historical instances of geopolitical aspiration. Yet the story of ancient Rome and the empire it shaped does not belong to Rome alone. From the very beginning, and throughout its history, it was linked repeatedly and inextricably to a peripheral alter‐ego: Carthage, established in present‐day Tunisia by Phoenicians settlers from Tyre. Much has been written about the historiographical representation of the conflicts between the two cities. The focus of ‘Time and Memory in Carthage’ is instead on the city's spatial and memorial presence, and on the raking light it throws across the narrative of empire that European tradition inherited from Rome. Using a range of material from Virgil's Aeneid to medieval and Renaissance visual depictions of Carthage, this essay attends to the strange tricks that the city of Carthage plays with both time and space, both in the Roman imagination, and in the early modern world – opening up spaces of conversation and alterity that survived even as the city's architectural space was destroyed, reappropriated, rebuilt, and reimagined.
The right tools for the job: The case for spatial science tool‐building
Authors: Boeing Geoff 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article was presented as the 8th annual Transactions in GIS plenary address at the American Association of Geographers annual meeting in Washington, DC. The spatial sciences have recently seen growing calls for more accessible software and tools that better embody geographic science and theory. Urban spatial network science offers one clear opportunity: from multiple perspectives, tools to model and analyze non‐planar urban spatial networks have traditionally been inaccessible, atheoretical, or otherwise limiting. This article reflects on this state of the field. Then it discusses the motivation, experience, and outcomes of developing OSMnx, a tool intended to help address this. Next it reviews this tool's use in the recent multidisciplinary spatial network science literature to highlight upstream and downstream benefits of open‐source software development. Tool‐building is an essential but poorly incentivized component of academic geography and social science more broadly. To conduct better science, we need to build better tools. The article concludes with paths forward, emphasizing open‐source software and reusable computational data science beyond mere reproducibility and replicability.
Challenges in the last mile of the global guinea worm eradication program
Authors: Lemma Getahun Weldu , Müller Olaf , Reñosa Mark Donald , Lu GuangYu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify the existing challenges in the last mile of the global Guinea Worm Eradication Program.MethodsSystematic Review of articles published from 1 January 2000 until 31 December 2019. Papers listed in Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, ProQuest PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched and reviewed.ResultsTwenty‐five articles met inclusion criteria of the study and were selected for analysis. Hence, relevant data were extracted, grouped and descriptively analysed. Results revealed 10 main challenges complicating the last mile of global guinea worm eradication: unusual mode of transmission; rising animal guinea worm infection; suboptimal surveillance; insecurity; inaccessibility; inadequate safe water points; migration; poor case containment measures, ecological changes; and new geographic foci of the disease.ConclusionThis systematic review shows that most of the current challenges in guinea worm eradication have been present since the start of the campaign. However, the recent change in epidemiological patterns and nature of dracunculiasis in the last remaining endemic countries illustrates a new twist. Considering the complex nature of the current challenges, there seems to be a need for a more coordinated and multidisciplinary approach of dracunculiasis prevention and control measures. These new strategies would help to make history by eradicating dracunculiasis as the first ever parasitic disease.
Association between preoperative gonioscopic status and postoperative glaucoma after phacoemulsification in dogs: A retrospective cohort study of 505 eyes
Authors: Sanders Matthew T. , Morton John M. , Kaese Heather J. , Ford Marnie , Stanley Robin G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether preoperative gonioscopy status is associated with the development of postoperative glaucoma after phacoemulsification.ProcedureEligible dogs and eyes were selected from medical records (2007‐2017), and each eye was classified as having normal or abnormal gonioscopy status. Records were examined for postoperative glaucoma, and data were collected for baseline variables including patient signalment, surgical factors, and pre, intra, and postoperative medications.ResultsOf 305 dogs (505 eyes) selected for review in this study, 111 dogs (163 eyes) had abnormal gonioscopy findings, and 194 dogs (342 eyes) had normal gonioscopy findings. Postoperative glaucoma occurred in 24% (39/163) of eyes with abnormal gonioscopy and in 14% (49/342) eyes with normal gonioscopy. Eyes with abnormal gonioscopy status were at higher risk of postoperative glaucoma compared to normal eyes (P = .025). There was no important confounding due to the numerous baseline variables summarised above. Regardless of gonioscopy status, the risk of glaucoma was highest during the first 2 months after surgery.ConclusionsEyes with abnormal gonioscopy findings are at increased risk of postoperative glaucoma compared with eyes with normal gonioscopy findings. Gonioscopy is recommended as a part of presurgical assessment in all dogs prior to phacoemulsification. Further study is needed to assess whether the incidence of postoperative glaucoma can be reduced by increased monitoring or altered treatment protocols in cases that are known to have abnormal gonioscopy findings prior to cataract surgery.
Dot blots of solubilized extracellular matrix allow quantification of human antibodies bound to epitopes present in decellularized porcine pulmonary heart valves
Authors: Smart Isabel , Goecke Tobias , Ramm Robert , Petersen Björn , Lenz Doreen , Haverich Axel , Niemann Heiner , Hilfiker Andres 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study reports the development of a sensitive dot blot protocol for determining the level of preformed antibodies against porcine heart valve tissue derived from wild‐type (WT) and α‐Gal‐KO (GGTA1‐KO) pigs in human sera.MethodsThe assay uses decellularized and solubilized heart valve tissue; antibody binding found in this dot blot assay could be correlated with antibody titers of preformed anti‐α‐Gal and anti‐Neu5Gc antibodies detected by a sensitive ELISA.ResultsThe ultimate protocol had an inter‐assay variance of 9.5% and an intra‐assay variance of 9.2%, showing that the test is reliable and highly reproducible. With the aid of this dot blot assay, we found significant variation with regard to antibody contents among twelve human sera. Binding of preformed antibodies to WT tissue was significantly higher than to GGTA1‐KO tissue.ConclusionsThe dot blot assay described herein could be a valuable tool to measure preformed antibody levels in human sera against unknown epitopes on decellularized tissue prior to implantation. Ultimately, this prescreening may allow a matching of the porcine xenograft with the respective human recipients in demand and thus may become an important tool for graft long‐term survival similar to current allotransplantation settings.
Design and Analysis of New Haptic Joysticks for Enhancing Operational Skills in Excavator Control
Authors: C S Meera , Sairam Pinisetti Swami , Veeramalla Vineeth , Kumar Adarsh , Gupta Mukul Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The design perspective of interfaces has strong implications on operator intuition and safety. Haptics enabled user interfaces can enhance operator skills and enhance interactivity. In this paper, an innovative method of haptic feedback in joysticks is presented for excavator control. Haptic illusion in the device is generated with the concept of the variable stiffness actuation mechanism. The force feedback (FFB) is rendered through “haptic links,” based on the effect of digging force at each joint. The stiffness in the device varies dynamically with the load and restricts the operator motion with a resistive torque in the range of 0–0.9 Nm. The haptic joystick aims to render high-fidelity kinesthetic feedback that can help to mitigate the operator error in loading operations. The user evaluation with the joystick showed an improvement of 40% in the volume of material removed and a significant drop in error rate related to force patterns and collisions.
Effects of Active and Passive Recovery on Muscle Oxygenation and Swimming Performance
Authors: Pratama Ade B. , Yimlamai Tossaporn 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of 3 recovery protocols on muscle oxygenation, blood lactate, and subsequent performance during a 200-m repeated swim session. Methods: Twelve collegte swimmers completed 3 sessions of 2 consecutive 200-m front-crawl trials separated by 1 of 3 recovery protocols: a 15-minute active recovery (AR), a 15-minute passive recovery (PR), and a combination of 5-minute AR and 10-minute PR (CR) in a counterbalanced design. Tissue saturation index at biceps femoris, blood lactate concentration, arterial oxygen saturation, and heart rate were measured at rest, immediately after the trial, and at 5, 10, and 15 minutes of recovery. Two-way analysis of variance (recovery × time) with repeated measures was used to determine measurement variables. A level of significance was set at P < .05. Results: No significant changes in swimming time were observed between trials (AR: 156.79 [4.09] vs 157.79 [4.23] s, CR: 156.50 [4.89] vs 155.55 [4.86] s, PR: 156.54 [4.70] vs 156.30 [4.52] s) across recovery conditions. Interestingly, tissue saturation index rapidly declined immediately after a 200-m swim and then gradually returned to baseline, with a greater value observed during CR compared with AR and PR after 15-minute recovery (P = .04). These changes were concomitant with significant reductions in blood lactate and heart rate during the recovery period (P = .00). Conclusion: The CR in the present study was more effective in enhancing muscle reoxygenation after a 200-m swim compared with AR and PR, albeit its beneficial effect on subsequent performance warrants further investigation.
Overspeed Stimulus Provided by Assisted Jumping Encourages Rapid Increases in Strength and Power Performance of Older Adults
Authors: Vetrovsky Tomas , Omcirk Dan , Malecek Jan , Stastny Petr , Steffl Michal , Tufano James J. 
Published: September 2020

Following a 4-week control period, 24 older men and women (55–91 years) attended a 4-week progressive jumping program to determine whether assisted jumping could be safely and effectively implemented as a novel stimulus in healthy older adults. Bodyweight countermovement jump performance, isometric and isokinetic strength, postural stability, and exercise enjoyment were assessed before the control period, before the training intervention, and after the training intervention. Following the 4-week intervention, eccentric quadriceps strength increased by 19 N·m (95% confidence interval [2, 36], p = .013), bodyweight countermovement jump height increased by 1.7 cm (95% CI [0.5, 2.9], p < .001), postural sway improved by 2.1 mm/s (95% CI [0.3, 4.0], p = .026), and the participants’ perceived exercise enjoyment improved (p = .026). Therefore, using assisted jumping to induce an overspeed training stimulus in a jump training program resulted in similar performance improvements as in previous studies in older populations but with less training volume and a shorter training duration.
Passive-margin magmatism caused by enhanced slab-pull forces in central Tibet
Authors: Dan Wei , Wang Qiang , White William M. , Li Xian-Hua , Zhang Xiu-Zheng , Tang Gong-Jian , Ou Quan , Hao Lu-Lu , Qi Yue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report on a ca. 239 Ma mafic dike swarm intruded in the Southern Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet, that was generated on the passive continental margin of a subducting lower plate. The dikes are tholeiitic basalts and exhibit light rare earth element enrichment, modest negative anomalies in Nb and Ta, and enriched isotopic signatures. The dikes are coeval with a back-arc basin formed in the upper plate as a result of the rollback of the Paleo-Tethys oceanic slab. Thus, after ocean-ridge subduction, enhanced slab-pull forces related to slab rollback on one side of the ocean induced extension and magmatism in the passive margin on the opposite side. We argue that enhanced slab-pull forces are a previously unrecognized mechanism for the generation of lower-plate passive-margin magmatism.
Nailed to the craton: Stratigraphic continuity across the southeastern Canadian Cordillera with tectonic implications for ribbon continent models
Authors: McMechan M.E. , Root K.G. , Simony P.S. , Pattison D.R.M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCambrian and Upper Devonian to Mississippian strata can be confidently traced westward, without strike-slip offset, from the autochthonous section above North American basement into the southeastern Canadian Cordillera, and are thus “nailed” to the craton. These strata are in turn stratigraphically pinned to older (Mesoproterozoic Belt-Purcell Supergroup, Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup, and Ediacaran), intermediate-aged (Ordovician–Silurian), and younger (Permian to Middle Jurassic) strata found only in the mountains, thus linking them to the adjacent autochthonous craton. The overlapping distribution of linking successions, regionally traceable unique stratigraphic horizons in the Belt-Purcell and Windermere Supergroups, and across-strike stratigraphic features show that the entire Cariboo, northern Selkirk, Purcell, and Rocky Mountains are directly tied to the adjacent North American craton without discernible strike-slip or oblique displacement, or substantial purely convergent plate-scale (&gt;400 km) horizontal displacement. They link the entire width of the Belt-Purcell and Windermere basins in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera to the adjacent craton and show that any proposed Cretaceous ribbon continent suture, with its thousands of kilometers of proposed displacement, cannot run through the southeastern Canadian Cordillera.