bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epicardial flow in the right ventricular wall on echocardiography: A sign of chronic total occlusion of left anterior descending artery
Authors: Nagai Hitoshi , Oda Takamasa , Nakao Fumiaki , Ueyama Takeshi , Ikeda Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTransthoracic coronary Doppler echocardiography (TCDE) can be useful for the detection of chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) noninvasively, by detecting retrograde flow through the distal LAD or its septal branch. This intriguing case report details the detection of abnormal blood flow in the right ventricular free wall by TCDE. This detection of abnormal flow may be useful to predict CTO of the LAD, even in the absence of retrograde flow in the LAD and its septal branch.
Functional interactions between cannabinoids, omega‐3 fatty acids, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors: Implications for mental health pharmacotherapies
Authors: Jung Tony , Hudson Roger , Rushlow Walter , Laviolette Steven R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCannabis contains a plethora of phytochemical constituents with diverse neurobiological effects. Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main non‐psychotropic component found in cannabis that is capable of modulating mesocorticolimbic DA transmission and may possess therapeutic potential for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence also suggests that, similar to CBD, omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may regulate DA transmission and possess therapeutic potential for similar neuropsychiatric disorders. Although progress has been made to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic properties of CBD and omega‐3s, it remains unclear through which receptor mechanisms they may produce their purported effects. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors are a group of nuclear transcription factors with multiple isoforms. PPARγ is an isoform activated by both CBD and omega‐3, whereas the PPARα isoform is activated by omega‐3. Interestingly, the activation of PPARγ and PPARα with selective agonists has been shown to decrease mesocorticolimbic DA activity and block neuropsychiatric symptoms similar to CBD and omega‐3s, raising the possibility that CBD and omega‐3s produce their effects through PPAR signaling. This review will examine the relationship between CBD, omega‐3s, and PPARs and how they may be implicated in the modulation of mesocorticolimbic DAergic abnormalities and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Parasitism rate of Plebejus argyrognomon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) under different levels of mowing management
Authors: Yeh Yen‐hua , Deto Hidenori , Miyashita Tadashi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlebejus argyrognomon is an endangered grassland butterfly species in Japan. In this study we focused on the parasitism rate of tachinid flies under different mowing management to obtain knowledge of this possible top‐down effect that has been largely ignored. We established three mowing treatments differing in the intensity of mowing, as represented by vegetation height. The results showed that the parasitism rate of P. argyrognomon increased with vegetation height; the parasitism rate in blocks subjected to the highest mowing intensity was 8%, whereas in blocks subjected to the lowest mowing intensity, the rate was 42%. We suggest that clarifying interspecific interactions is important for understanding how habitat management affects grassland‐inhabiting butterflies in general.
Intraoperative depression of the bulla of the maxillary septum as a method of improving sinus drainage without epistaxis in horses
Authors: Carmalt J. L. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryCurrent methods of creating sinus drainage and allowing egress of a sinus pack at the end of surgery create significant haemorrhage. Given that haemorrhage is already a concern in some sinus surgeries, the method described allows for a significant reduction in blood loss. The objective was to describe a method of enlarging the nasomaxillary aperture in horses to allow egress of a sinus pack, and subsequent endonasal treatment, without incurring significant haemorrhage. The bulla of the maxillary septum is depressed using a gloved finger (through a sinus flap or trephine hole) or using a long curved Peine instrument under sinoscopic control before fenestration. No major operative or post‐operative complications have been encountered. Satisfactory widening of the nasomaxillary aperture has been accomplished in all cases, although at times, when the bulla is under the floor of the dorsal conchal sinus, it can be difficult to compress. It is imperative that this procedure be performed before fenestration. If performed after fenestration, the most rostral edge of the fenestration can be difficult to identify, and this becomes an impediment to widening the nasomaxillary aperture. Enlarging the nasomaxillary aperture with a finger or blunt instrument allows improvements in sinus drainage without the complication of severe epistaxis. Depression of the bulla of the maxillary septum, before surgical fenestration into the rostral maxillary and ventral conchal sinuses, allows opening of the nasomaxillary aperture with minimal haemorrhage. Thereafter, the sinus pack can be egressed via this route, which is also large enough to perform sinus lavage and post‐operative treatments endonasally without the risk of disturbing the external surgical site.
An overview of ongoing clinical trials assessing pharmacological therapeutic strategies to manage chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy, based on preclinical studies in rodent models
Authors: Bouchenaki Hichem , Danigo Aurore , Sturtz Franck , Hajj Rodolphe , Magy Laurent , Demiot Claire 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major dose‐limiting side effect induced by a variety of chemotherapeutic agents. Symptoms are mainly sensory: pain, tingling, numbness, and temperature sensitivity. They may require the tapering of chemotherapy regimens or even their cessation; thus, the prevention/treatment of CIPN is critical to increase effectiveness of cancer treatment. However, CIPN management is mainly based on conventional neuropathic pain treatments, with poor clinical efficacy. Therefore, significant effort is made to identify new pharmacological targets to prevent/treat CIPN. Animal modeling is a key component in predicting human response to drugs and in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CIPN. In fact, studies performed in rodents highlighted several pharmacological targets to treat/prevent CIPN. This review provides updated information about ongoing clinical trials testing drugs for the management of CIPN and presents some of their proof‐of‐concept studies conducted in rodent models. The presented drugs target oxidative stress, renin–angiotensin system, glutamatergic neurotransmission, sphingolipid metabolism, neuronal uptake transporters, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism, endocannabinoid system, transient receptor potential channels, and serotoninergic receptors. As some clinical trials focus on the effect of the drugs on pain, others evaluate their efficacy by assessing general neuropathy. Moreover, based on studies conducted in rodent models, it remains unclear if some of the tested drugs act in an antinociceptive fashion or have neuroprotective properties. Thus, further investigations are needed to understand their mechanism of action, as well as a global standardization of the methods used to assess efficacy of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of CIPN.
Introduction: Social security, inclusive growth and social cohesion
Authors: McKinnon Roddy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis special issue selectively addresses the relationship linking social security systems, inclusive growth and social cohesion. Inclusive growth and social cohesion are viewed as political expedient and necessary goals for national economies. The desirability of their attainment reflects political pragmatism, the “social contract”, as much as it does a commitment to the wider emancipative goal of social justice. The International Social Security Association (ISSA) has often paraphrased these assertions to argue that there can be “no social justice without social security”. Of course, progress achieved towards the realization of the goals of inclusive growth and social cohesion should be equally beneficial for the adequacy, sustainability and coverage of social security systems. The aim of this special issue is to unpack and better understand the nature of this relationship.
EvaLuation Using Cardiac Insertable Devices And TelephonE in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (ELUCIDATE HCM): A prospective observational study on incidence of arrhythmias
Authors: Magnusson Peter , Mörner Stellan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous disease associated with arrhythmias. Non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death and part of the current risk stratification. Furthermore, atrial fibrillation (AF), which increases the risk of stroke, is believed to be common in HCM patients. Routine ambulatory monitoring captures the rhythm only periodically over 24–48 h; thus, the true burden of arrhythmia is unknown. The insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) should help determine a more realistic arrhythmia assessment in HCM patients.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to ascertain the incidence of NSVT, AF, and bradycardia in unselected HCM patients by the use of an ICM.MethodsThirty adults, mean age 49.9 ± 12.3 years, 25 (83.3%) males were implanted with a Confirm Rx ICM. The monitoring application was installed on the patient's smartphone, which allowed for patient activation in case of symptoms. The ICM was programmed as follows: ventricular tachycardia (VT) ≥ 160 beats per minute (bpm) for ≥8 intervals, AF ≥ 2 min of duration, and bradycardia ≤ 40 bpm or pause ≥ 3.0 s.ResultsThe mean calculated 5‐year risk was 2.3%, and 29/30 of the patients had a risk <4%. During follow‐up, AF was found in nine patients (30.0%). At least one episode of NSVT was detected in seven patients (23.3%). In 13 patients (43.3%), sinoatrial block/sinus arrest/sinus bradycardia were seen. No arrhythmia was detected in nine patients (30.0%).ConclusionIn this first prospective study using an ICM, the arrhythmia burden in HCM patients yielded 30.0% AF and 23.3% NSVT.
Genomic inference of complex domestication histories in three Solanaceae species
Authors: Arnoux Stéphanie , Fraïsse Christelle , Sauvage Christopher 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDomestication is a human‐induced selection process that imprints the genomes of domesticated populations over a short evolutionary time scale and that occurs in a given demographic context. Reconstructing historical gene flow, effective population size changes and their timing is therefore of fundamental interest to understand how plant demography and human selection jointly shape genomic divergence during domestication. Yet, the comparison under a single statistical framework of independent domestication histories across different crop species has been little evaluated so far. Thus, it is unclear whether domestication leads to convergent demographic changes that similarly affect crop genomes. To address this question, we used existing and new transcriptome data on three crop species of Solanaceae (eggplant, pepper and tomato), together with their close wild relatives. We fitted twelve demographic models of increasing complexity on the unfolded joint allele frequency spectrum for each wild/crop pair, and we found evidence for both shared and species‐specific demographic processes between species. A convergent history of domestication with gene flow was inferred for all three species, along with evidence of strong reduction in the effective population size during the cultivation stage of tomato and pepper. The absence of any reduction in size of the crop in eggplant stands out from the classical view of the domestication process; as does the existence of a “protracted period” of management before cultivation. Our results also suggest divergent management strategies of modern cultivars among species as their current demography substantially differs. Finally, the timing of domestication is species‐specific and supported by the few historical records available.
‘Chimwemwe Mu'bereki’ (Joyful Motherhood): Closing the Gap in Unmet Need for Home Based Nurse Midwifery Care in High Risk Infants and Postpartum Women in Malawi
Authors: Nosek Marcianna , Chiwaula Joanne 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionAlthough decreasing, maternal and infant mortality remain high in Malawi with and estimated 359 per 100,000 live births for maternal mortality ratios, and 22.4 per 1000 live births for infant mortality. Joyful Motherhood (JM), or Chimwemwe mu'bereki, is a Malawian nonprofit organization, founded by a US midwife in 2008, which provides home‐based care to high‐risk, critically ill postpartum women and infants in rural villages of Lilongwe, Malawi. JM employs 3 nurse‐midwives who perform all community visits. Women served include, but are not limited to, those who experienced postpartum complications such as severe anemia, sepsis, eclampsia, or ruptured uterus, and complications related to HIV/AIDs. Infant clients include premature, low birth weight, multiples, and orphans who lost their mother in childbirth. All are enrolled for up to 2 years. The purpose of this mixed‐methods descriptive study was to evaluate the home visit nurse‐midwife programs of JM. There were 2 aims: (1) analyze descriptive data regarding clients served and (2) gain an understanding of the value of JM's services through the perspective of women and caregivers served. Research questions include: How many infants and women have been served since program inception? What are the infant and maternal mortality rates of JM's clients? How has JM's services benefitted clients served?MethodsNumber of enrolled clients, annual visits made, and deaths were tracked by nurse‐midwives providing care and transferred to Microsoft Excel on a monthly basis by the program manager. Cumulative numbers and rates were calculated. Qualitative data were collected via one‐on‐one interviews and focus groups using a Chichewa interpreter and were digitally audiorecorded and transcribed.ResultsFrom inception of program to July 2019, a total of 490 women and 1300 infants were served. Between October 2013 and July 2020, the infant mortality rate was 4.5% (46/1014) and maternal mortality rate was 1.4% (6/425). Twelve interviews and 2 focus groups were conducted to assess program effectiveness. Narratives revealed overwhelming gratitude for services provided. Participants expressed desperation when seeking care for family members unsuccessfully before being enrolled in JM. Many shared the infant visits were key in well‐being and survival of their child into early childhood. Themes include: tough times; very grateful for these gifts; encouraging us to care; and advise others.DiscussionJM's success for over 10 years demonstrates it is a viable model for unmet home care for high‐risk infants and postpartum women in Malawi. Financial challenges prevent scaling up of services and expansion of clientele. Efforts to improve data collection are ongoing including future plans to launch a new mobile electronic record app to use on smart phones.
Reproductive Coercion Among Latina Women and Strategies for Minimizing Harm
Authors: Grace Karen Trister , R. Decker Michele , A. Alexander Kamila , Miller Elizabeth , Campbell Jacquelyn , Perrin Nancy A. , Glass Nancy E. 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionReproductive coercion (RC) describes a set of male partner behaviors that restrict women's reproductive autonomy. Latina women have higher risk for unintended pregnancy, which is an associated outcome of RC, and also RC itself, when compared to white women. The purpose of this study was to explore risk factors for RC, association with pregnancy intention and intimate partner violence (IPV), and the use of RC safety strategies among Latina women attending an urban clinic.MethodsThis mixed‐methods study with Latina women examined prevalence and risk factors for RC; evaluated the association between RC, IPV, and unintended pregnancy; and examined the use of safety and harm reduction strategies. A tablet survey was administered to 482 women attending a community health center, aged between 15 and 45 years, who self‐identified as Latina and had a past‐year dating or sexual partner.ResultsApproximately 1 in 6 (16.8%) experienced RC in the past year, and risk factors included younger age (AOR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91‐1.00; P = .038) and concurrent IPV (AOR, 4.47; 95% CI, 2.06‐9.70; P<.001). For the 185 participants who reported a pregnancy in the past year, RC was associated with unintended pregnancy (OR, ‐0.27; 95% CI, ‐0.41to ‐0.13; P<.001). Approximately 10.6% of participants engaged in safety/harm reduction strategies, with implications for midwives working with women who experience RC.DiscussionThe study demonstrates the risk of RC in abusive relationships for Latina women. Midwives working with racially and ethnically diverse women have an important role in screening and support for safety/harm reduction strategies that include informing women about less detectable methods of contraception.
Group Counseling for Shared Decision‐Making (GCSDM) about Birth after Cesarean for Haitian Creole‐Speaking Women: A MixedMethods Study
Authors: Chinkam Somphit , Steer‐Massaro Courtney , Shorten Allison 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionRedesigning care to meet the needs of diverse groups of women in high‐volume urban settings is challenging. In particular, providing services for women from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds requires greater insight into unique needs and preferences.BackgroundHaitian women in Massachusetts have high rates of cesareans and low rates of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), despite evidence suggesting many are eligible for a labor after cesarean. Limited reading comprehension in English and Haitian Creole, as well as cultural norms including minimizing questions, may lead to ineffectiveness of written educational material and misunderstandings with counseling.PurposeThe purpose was to develop culturally appropriate group counseling sessions about modes of birth after cesarean for Haitian Creole‐speaking women. The Health Belief Model (HBM) and information from the focus groups and individual interviews were used to develop the group counseling curriculum.HypothesisThe Group Counseling and Shared Decision‐Making (GCSDM) program's integration of key elements of Haitian culture and values, and facilitation by Haitian Creole‐speaking health care providers will promote informed decision‐making among targeted women.MethodologyThis was a pilot mixed‐methods 3‐phase project: (1) identifying key information needs for mode of birth after cesarean decision from Haitian Creole‐speaking women and their providers; (2) development of GCSDM curriculum; and (3) testing the curriculum.ResultsIn Phase One, 4 themes emerged: (1) cultural beliefs influence mode of birth decisions; (2) more information is needed regarding birth options; (3) importance of family and friends in the decision‐making process; and (4) pain as a major influencer. Phase Two involved creating the GCSDM curriculum session loosely based on the CenteringPregnancy model of group prenatal care and information from Phase One. In Phase Three, 10 Haitian Creole‐speaking women attended a GCSDM session. After the session, there was a 50% increase in women planning to labor after cesarean (pre‐session, n = 3; post‐session, n = 6; one participant was lost to follow‐up); 90% of women (n = 9) stated the session gave them enough information to confidently decide about their mode of birth, and all 10 women were “very satisfied” with the session and recommended it.DiscussionThe GCSDM session was accepted by Haitian Creole‐speaking women with a history of cesarean as a method to improve mode of birth decision‐making. The GCSDM appears feasible and effective, and could be integrated to improve shared decision‐making discussions for other women who do not speak English.
CKS2 modulates cell‐cycle progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells partly via modulating the cellular distribution of DUTPase
Authors: Gao Fei , Li Chong , Zhao Xiqun , Xie Jianli , Fang Guiqing , Li Ying 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCKS2 (CDC28 Protein Kinase Regulatory Subunit 2) is a gene that encodes CKS2 protein that has been characterized as a binding partner of the catalytic subunit of the cyclin‐dependent kinases. However, its expression profile and regulatory effects in tongue squamous cell carcinoma has not yet been explored.MethodsBioinformatic analysis was conducted using bulk‐seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and single‐cell RNA‐seq data from GSE103322. SCC9 and CAL27 cells were used as in vitro cell models for cellular and molecular studies.ResultsCKS2 expression was significantly upregulated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissues (N = 128) compared with adjacent normal tissues (N = 13). Its upregulation was associated with significantly shorter disease‐specific survival and progression‐free survival. Cellular status estimation in tumor cells indicated that CKS2 expression was moderately and positively correlated with cell‐cycle progression. CKS2 inhibition in SCC9 and CAL27 cells resulted in decreased proliferation, weakened colony formation capability, and cell‐cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Immunofluorescence staining and co‐Immunoprecipitation (co‐IP) assay confirmed co‐localization and interaction between CKS2 and DUTPase. CKS2 knockdown did not alter DUTPase expression but reduced its nuclear distribution. Both CKS2 and DUT expression were moderately correlated with their gene‐level copy number.ConclusionCKS2 expression is associated with unfavorable survival of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Inhibiting its expression could reduce tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell growth and induce G2/M arrest. CKS2 may interact with DUTPase and regulate its nuclear localization. Gene‐level copy amplification might be an important mechanism of upregulated CKS2 and DUT in the tumor.