bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of a Rapid Human Papillomavirus Test at Different Levels of the Healthcare System in Tanzania: The AISHA Study
Authors: Baena Armando , De Vuyst Hugo , Mesher David , Kasubi Mabula , Yuma Safina , Mwaiselage Julius , Zouiouich Semi , Mlay Pendo , Kahesa Crispin , Landoulsi Sihem , de la Luz Hernandez Maria , Lucas Eric , Herrero Rolando , Almonte Maribel , Broutet Nathalie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
To inform policy makers in Tanzania if and how best to implement rapid HPV testing, we assessed the interobserver reproducibility of careHPV test at three different levels of the healthcare system in an urban and a rural region of Tanzania.

Methods:
Women aged 30 to 50 years were screened by careHPV testing in two primary healthcare centers (PHC), two district hospitals (DiH), and two regional hospitals (ReH). Aliquots were retested at regional (ReH) and national referral laboratories (NRL). Reproducibility was evaluated using agreement and kappa index measures. Intralaboratory reproducibility was also evaluated in a set of 10 positive and 10 negative samples.

Results:
Samples from 1,134 women were locally tested and retested at ReH and/or NRL. Test results from Dar es Salaam ReH and Kilimanjaro PHC showed clear quality problems including suspicion of contamination during testing or aliquoting. After excluding these samples, 18.8% of 743 women were HPV positive at clinic level. The resulting careHPV reproducibility at different levels of the healthcare system was very good [agreement 95.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 94.0–96.9; kappa, 0.86, 95% CI, 0.81–0.91]. Intralaboratory agreement was also very good across four different experiments, with Fleiss' kappa between 0.87 (95% CI, 0.61–1.00) and 1.00 (0.75–1.00).

Conclusions:
Rapid HPV testing was highly reproducible between lower and higher levels of the healthcare system in Tanzania; however, performance seems to be operator dependent.

Impact:
The careHPV test seems to be a feasible option for cervical cancer screening in an organized, decentralized system and in limited-resource settings if quality assurance measures are in place.
Estrogen Receptor-β Expression of Ovarian Tumors and Its Association with Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors
Authors: Shafrir Amy L. , Babic Ana , Gates Kuliszewski Margaret , Rice Megan S. , Townsend Mary K. , Hecht Jonathan L. , Tworoger Shelley S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
Differential associations between ovarian cancer risk factors and estrogen receptor-α (ERα) ovarian tumor expression have been noted; however, no research has assessed estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) expression. Thus, in exploratory analyses, we assessed the association of several factors with ovarian cancer risk by ERβ tumor status.

Methods:
We conducted a nested case–control study within the prospective Nurses' Health Study cohorts (NHS/NHSII), with exposures collected through biennial questionnaires. Paraffin-embedded tumor blocks were requested for cases diagnosed from 1976 to 2006 (NHS) and 1989 to 2005 (NHSII) and tissue microarrays were stained for nuclear ERβ (ERβ-nuc) and cytoplasmic ERβ (ERβ-cyto), with any staining considered positive (+). We obtained odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariate polytomous logistic regression.

Results:
We included 245 cases [43% ERβ-cyto (+) and 71% ERβ-nuc (+)] and 1,050 matched controls. An inverse association was observed between parity and risk of ERβ-nuc (+) (OR, parous vs. nulliparous: 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26–0.81), but not ERβ-nuc (–) tumors (OR, parous vs. nulliparous: 1.51; 95% CI, 0.45–5.04; Pheterogeneity = 0.04). Conversely, parity was inversely associated with ERβ-cyto (–) tumors (OR, parous vs. nulliparous: 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23–0.78), but was not associated with ERβ-cyto (+) tumors (OR, parous vs. nulliparous: 1.08; 95% CI, 0.45–2.63; Pheterogeneity = 0.05). Associations for other exposures, including hormone therapy, did not differ by ERβ-nuc or ERβ-cyto status.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that parity may influence ovarian cancer risk, in part, through alterations in ERβ localization within tumor cells.

Impact:
Alterations in ERβ expression and localization appear to be important for ovarian cancer etiology. Future research should confirm our results and assess potential biologic mechanisms for the observed associations.
Valores-notícia e futebol
Authors: Reis Rodrigo Nascimento 
Published: August 2020

A proposta do artigo é identificar os valores-notícia presentes na cobertura do jornal The New York Times a respeito do futebol brasileiro quando a seleção brasileira é derrotada e assim discutir a importância dada por um jornal internacional à modalidade esportiva mais difundida no Brasil. Para tanto, selecionamos as notícias dos jogos da seleção brasileira nas Copas do Mundo de 2014 no Brasil e 2018 na Rússia, especificamente referentes aos momentos de eliminação do campeonato. No trajeto metodológico, utilizamos a proposta de Silva (2014) para classificar os valores-notícia. Encontramos nove notícias com foco na seleção brasileira, sendo oito referentes ao ano de 2014 e uma em 2018; entre elas registramos os valores-notícias como surpresa, tragédia/drama, entretenimento/curiosidade, impacto e justiça.
High-Mobility Group Box-1 Is Associated With Obesity, Inflammation, and Subclinical Cardiovascular Risk Among Young Adults
Authors: Chen Li , Zhu Haidong , Su Shaoyong , Harshfield Gregory , Sullivan Jennifer , Webb Clinton , Blumenthal James A. , Wang Xiaoling , Huang Ying , Treiber Frank A. , Kapuku Gaston , Li Wenjun , Dong Yanbin 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
We aimed to characterize circulating HMGB1 (high-mobility group box-1) levels, one of the better-characterized damage-associated molecular patterns, with respect to age, sex, and race in the general population, and investigate the longitudinal associations of HMGB1 with inflammatory markers, obesity, and preclinical markers of cardiovascular disease.

Approach and Results:

The analyses included 489 participants (50% Blacks, aged 24.6±3.3 years at the first visit) with up to 4 follow-up visits (1149 samples) over a maximum of 8.5 years. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and carotid intima-media thickness together with plasma HMGB1, hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), IFN-γ (interferon-γ), IL-6 (interleukin-6), IL-10 (interleukin-10), and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) were measured at each visit. At baseline, plasma HMGB1 concentrations were higher in Blacks compared with Whites (3.86 versus 3.20 ng/mL,
P
<0.001), and in females compared with males (3.75 versus 3.30 ng/mL,
P
=0.005). HMGB1 concentrations increased with age (
P
=0.007), and higher levels of obesity measures (
P
<0.001). Without adjustment for age, sex, race, and body mass index, HMGB1 concentrations were positively associated with hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (
P
<0.05) but not IL-10, IFN-γ or carotid intima-media thickness. After covariate adjustments, the associations of HMGB1 with hs-CRP, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity remained statistically significant (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the age, sex, and race differences in circulating HMGB1. The increasing circulating concentrations of HMGB1 with age suggest a potential role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of chronic low-grade inflammation, obesity, and subclinical cardiovascular disease risk.
Vascular Endothelial Function in Midlife/Older Adults Classified According to 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guidelines
Authors: Craighead Daniel H. , Freeberg Kaitlin A. , Seals Douglas R. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Impaired endothelial function is thought to contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with above‐normal blood pressure (BP). However, the association between endothelial function and BP classified by 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines is unknown. Our objective was to determine if endothelial function decreases in midlife/older adults across the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines BP classifications and identify associated mechanisms of action.

Methods and Results

A retrospective analysis of endothelial function (brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation) from 988 midlife/older adults (aged 50+ years) stratified by BP status (normal BP; elevated BP; stage 1 hypertension; stage 2 hypertension) was performed. Endothelium‐independent dilation (sublingual nitroglycerin), reactive oxygen species–mediated suppression of endothelial function (∆brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation with vitamin C infusion), and endothelial cell and plasma markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were assessed in subgroups. Compared with normal BP (n=411), brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation was 12% (
P
=0.04), 15% (
P
<0.01) and 20% (
P
<0.01) lower with elevated BP (n=173), stage 1 hypertension (n=248) and stage 2 hypertension (n=156), respectively, whereas endothelium‐independent dilation did not differ (
P
=0.14). Vitamin C infusion increased brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation in those with above‐normal BP (
P
≤0.02) but not normal BP (
P
=0.11). Endothelial cell p47
phox
(
P
<0.01), a marker of superoxide/reactive oxygen species–generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and circulating interleukin‐6 concentrations (
P
=0.01) were higher in individuals with above‐normal BP.

Conclusions
Vascular endothelial function is progressively impaired with increasing BP in otherwise healthy adults classified by 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. Impaired endothelial function with above‐normal BP is mediated by excessive reactive oxygen species signaling associated with increased endothelial expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and circulating interleukin‐6.
<p><strong>Rooting Hebelomas: The Japanese ‘<em>Hebeloma radicosum’</em> is a distinct species, <em>Hebeloma sagarae</em> sp. nov. (Hymenogastraceae, Agaricales)</strong></p>
Authors: EBERHARDT URSULA , BEKER HENRY J. , SCHÜTZ NICOLE , MIKAMI MEGU , KASUYA TAIGA 
Published: August 2020

Hebeloma radicosum, known for its long ‘root’ and membranous ring, has regularly been recorded in Japan and been the subject of many studies revolving around ectomycorrhizal fungi exposed to high levels of nitrogen compounds and tripartite associations between fungi, host trees and mammals, including moles, wood mice and shrews. However, the species recorded in Japan is in fact not H. radicosum but a closely related species, also in Hebeloma section Myxocybe, described here as Hebeloma sagarae. This mushroom is macroscopically very similar to Hebeloma radicosum, also with a long ‘root’ and membranous ring, but distinct molecularly and in its distribution. We also examine other ‘rooting’ Hebeloma species from Japan: H. luchuense and H. radicosoides; both are shown to be members of H. sect. Scabrispora. A fourth ‘rooting’ Hebeloma from Japan is shown to be the same as or a close relative of Hebeloma danicum originally described from Europe.
Decadal Variability in the North Pacific and North Atlantic under Global Warming: The Weakening Response and Its Mechanism
Authors: Wu Sheng , Liu Zheng-Yu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate the response of decadal variability in the North Pacific and North Atlantic under global warming and its mechanism in this study. To do so, we use four models (BCC-CSM1–1, CCSM4, IPSL-CM5A-LR, and MPI-ESM-LR) that participated in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), focusing on three global warming scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). Our analysis shows that the intensified global warming leads to a decrease in amplitude of both the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV), resulting in reduced decadal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in both the North Pacific and North Atlantic. In comparison, interannual variability is less impacted by global warming and has a tendency to increase, which leads to a shift of spectral power from decadal toward interannual variability. We then show the weakening decadal variability is caused partly by the weakened forcing of atmospheric heat flux variability, and partly by the increased SST damping rate. In addition, an enhanced upper-ocean stratification under global warming also contributes to the acceleration of Rossby waves, and a shift of decadal variability spectral power toward a shorter period.
A Technical Overview of the New York State Mesonet Standard Network
Authors: Brotzge Jerald A. , Wang J. , Thorncroft C. D. , Joseph E. , Bain N. , Bassill N. , Farruggio N. , Freedman J. M. , Hemker K. , Johnston D. , Kane E. , McKim S. , Miller S. D. , Minder J. R. , Naple P. , Perez S. , Schwab James J. , Schwab M. J. , Sicker J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe New York State Mesonet (NYSM) is a network of 126 standard environmental monitoring stations deployed statewide with an average spacing of 27 km. The primary goal of the NYSM is to provide high-quality weather data at high spatial and temporal scales to improve atmospheric monitoring and prediction, especially for extreme weather events. As compared with other statewide networks, the NYSM faced considerable deployment obstacles with New York’s complex terrain, forests, and very rural and urban areas; its wide range of weather extremes; and its harsh winter conditions. To overcome these challenges, the NYSM adopted a number of innovations unique among statewide monitoring systems, including 1) strict adherence to international siting standards and metadata documentation; 2) a hardened system design to facilitate continued operations during extreme, high-impact weather; 3) a station design optimized to monitor winter weather conditions; and 4) a camera installed at every site to aid situational awareness. The network was completed in spring of 2018 and provides data and products to a variety of sectors including weather monitoring and forecasting, emergency management, agriculture, transportation, utilities, and education. This paper focuses on the standard network of the NYSM and reviews the network siting, site configuration, sensors, site communications and power, network operations and maintenance, data quality control, and dissemination. A few example analyses are shown that highlight the benefits of the NYSM.
Hepatitis C and Racial Disparity in Liver Transplant Waitlist Additions
Authors: Wang Chloe Q. , Buggs Jacentha , Rogers Ebonie , Boyd Ashley , Kumar Ambuj , Kemmer Nyingi 
Published: August 2020

Background In 2014, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) became available for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with successful results. Since their implementation, the rate of HCV waitlist (WL) for liver transplantation (LT) has decreased, but significant ethnic disparities exist. We hypothesized that the rate of decline for HCV WL for LT is different across the various racial groups. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data reports of adult LT candidates from 2014 to 2018. Results Overall, there was a decline in HCV WL rates for all ethnic groups (Caucasians, African Americans [AA], and Hispanics). However, the WL rates were significantly higher in AA compared with Caucasians each year, and this trend was continuous across the 5-year period. There were no differences in WL rates between Caucasians and Hispanics. Discussion The results show that health care disparities related to HCV disproportionately affect AA. The factors associated with this disparity need to be explored further to develop mechanisms to address these differences. By understanding the HCV treatment disparities across racial groups, modifications to HCV treatment nationwide can be adopted. Additional emphasis should be placed on AA to help reduce their WL rate, as well as redistributing resources to promote health care equity.
Otolaryngology Match 2020-21: Survey of Prospective Applicants in the Setting of COVID-19
Authors: Izreig Said , Torabi Sina J. , Kasle David A. , Rahmati Rahmatullah W. , Manes R. Peter 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: To capture the perspectives of candidates applying for otolaryngology residency positions in the 2020-21 cycle, in the context of disruption caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Subjects and methods: Candidates planning to apply to the otolaryngology 2020-21 match were invited to complete a cross-sectional online survey. Distribution was via otomatch.com and word of mouth. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: Of 85 eligible responses (estimated 18.9% of all applicants), many have had at least one board examination (71.8%) disrupted. A majority (85.9%) believe evaluation of candidates will change due to the pandemic, and 54.1% report they were now less confident in matching. Female applicants (37.6% of respondents) were found to have significantly higher odds of decreased confidence in matching (OR 2.781 [95% CI 1.045-7.4044]; P = .041). Many report a move to virtual interviews would increase the number of applications submitted (45.9%) and the number of interviews attended (77.6%). Some applicants (36.5%) did not believe residency programs would gather sufficient information about their candidacy to make an informed decision, and most (62.4%) did not believe that they would gather sufficient information to inform their own rank list. Conclusions: We find that candidates believe their candidacy will be assessed differently in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, are largely less confident in successfully matching, and are planning to apply and interview more broadly. These data are relevant to otolaryngology residency leadership to inform clear dialogue and a smooth transition into an unprecedented application cycle.
CO-OP for Children with DCD: Goals Addressed and Strategies Used
Authors: Schwartz Sara P. , Northrup Sarah R. K. , Izadi-Najafabadi Sara , Zwicker Jill G. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction. Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts motor coordination and interferes with participation in everyday activities. Cognitive Orientation to Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is a client-centered treatment approach that focuses on skill acquisition through cognitive strategy use. Objectives. To determine which types of goals a sample of children with DCD choose most frequently and which domain-specific strategies were most commonly used to address these goals. Methods. Retrospective chart review of 50 children (8–12 years) with DCD who completed CO-OP intervention was conducted to identify goal types and strategy use. Results. Leisure was the most common goal type. Supplementing task knowledge, body position, and task modification were the most frequently used strategies. Conclusions. Results confirm the types of goals that are commonly selected by children with DCD and highlight commonly used strategies used to meet these goals. Findings will help guide occupational therapists in selecting appropriate strategies to meet children’s goals.
Psychological responses and lifestyle changes among pregnant women with respect to the early stages of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhang Yingfei , Ma Zheng Feei 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a profound impact on health and well-being of populations. However, there are limited studies that have investigated the psychological aspects of vulnerable groups including pregnant women amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we aimed to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among Chinese pregnant women from February 2020 until March 2020. Methods: Our study was conducted using a modified validated online questionnaire comprising of sociodemographic, the Impact of Event Scale (IES), attitude and mental health-related questions towards COVID-19. Results: A total of 560 women were included. The overall mean age and IES of women was 25.8 ± 2.7 years and 31.4 ± 13.7. Moreover, 67.1% of them had IES ⩾26. Psychological impact seemed to be more severe in women in second trimester of pregnancy (the highest IES) ( p = .016). There was a significant association between trimesters of pregnancy and some indicators of negative health impacts (including increased stress from work, increased stress from home, feeling apprehensive and helpless during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic) (all p < .05). Conclusions: Our results reported moderate-to-severe stressful impact among Chinese pregnant women. We recommend that appropriate measures should be taken to address the maternal mental health issues.
A Qualitative Study Exploring the Lived Experience of Unemployment Among People with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Samuel Reema , S. Abirame , Jacob K. S. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Severe mental illnesses lead to deterioration in the life skills of the patient, resulting in socio-occupational dysfunction and low rates of employment. The purpose of this study was to explore attitudes, knowledge, and barriers to employment as experienced by patients and their caregivers in India. Method: Patients with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder, aged between 18 and 60 and undergoing inpatient treatment and their caregivers, were approached for written informed consent and recruited for focus group discussions. A total of eight focus groups were conducted until saturation of themes was seen to have been achieved. The data were transcribed, coded, synthesized, and organized into major findings and implications for practice. Results: Role expectations based on gender were seen to influence the decision to work. The possible recurrence of illness due to excess stress and unsupportive working environments was cited as the most common problem that could arise related to employment. Stigma and faulty attributions related to the illness were the most cited barriers to employment. Most participants felt that psychosocial rehabilitation and family and community support were essential for facilitating work. Most participants did not consider mental illness as a disability and were unaware of government schemes for the mentally ill. Conclusion: Considering gender-based role expectations, avenues for self/family employment and improving the awareness of benefits for mental illness both among consumers and health care professionals are essential to enhance economic productivity in people with severe mental illness.