bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pada Anak (Studi Literatur)
Authors: Anantyo Dimas Tri , Kusumaningrum Ayu Anggraini , Rini Arsita Eka , Radityo Adhie Nur , Rahardjani Kamilah Budhi , Sarosa Gatot Irawan 
Published: August 2020

Latar Belakang: Pandemi Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS CoV-2 ini berawal dari Wuhan, China, menyebar ke lebih dari 200 negara dan mengakibatkan puluhan ribu kematian termasuk anak. Studi literatur yang membahas COVID-19 pada orang dewasa mulai bermunculan, namun pada anak masih terbatas. Dalam studi literatur ini kami mengulas beberapa artikel ilmiah dan literatur terbaru tentang COVID-19 pada anak yang dipublikasikan sejak Januari 2020 hingga akhir Juli 2020, khususnya manifestasi klinis dan pemeriksaan penunjang.
Metode: Mengulas publikasi 35 literatur ilmiah mengenai COVID-19 anak pada jurnal seperti Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, The Lancet sejak Januari hingga Juli 2020.
Hasil: Kejadian COVID-19 pada anak lebih rendah dan memiliki gejala yang lebih ringan dibandingkan orang dewasa. Gejala yang sering muncul adalah batuk, faring hiperemis, dan demam. Belum ada bukti jelas mengenai kejadian transmisi intrauterine yang dilaporkan. Prognosis menunjukkan respon terapi yang baik dan pemulihan yang lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan orang dewasa.
Kesimpulan: Kejadian COVID-19 lebih rendah, manifestasi klinis lebih ringan dan prognosis lebih baik pada anak dibandingkan dengan orang dewasa.
Kata kunci: COVID-19, anak, studi literatur

Background: The Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus originated in Wuhan, China, spread to more than 200 countries and resulted in tens of thousands of deaths including children. Literature studies discussing COVID-19 in adults are starting to emerge, but in children it is still limited. In this literature study, we review some of the latest scientific articles and literature on COVID-19 in children published from January 2020 to the end of July 2020, in particular clinical manifestations and supporting examinations.
Methods: Reviewing 35 scientific literatures about children with COVID-19 in journals such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, The Lancet from January to July 2020.
Results: The incidence of COVID-19 in children was lower and had milder symptoms than adults. Symptoms that often appear are cough, hyperemic pharynx, and fever. There was unclear proof of intrauterine transmission. The prognosis of children with COVID-19 showed a good response to therapy and faster recovery compared to adults.
Conclusion: The incidence of COVID-19 is lower, the clinical manifestations are milder, and the prognosis is better in children compared to adults.
Keywords: COVID-19, children, literature study
Ensefalitis pada Infeksi Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Retnaningsih Retnaningsih , Kurnianto Aditya , Tugasworo Dodik ` , Andhitara Yovita , Ardhini Rahmi , Satrioaji Hari Wahono , Budiman Jethro 
Published: August 2020

Latar belakang: Infeksi Corona Virus Disesase 2019 (COVID-19) pertama kali terdeteksi pada Desember 2019 di Cina dan telah menyebar dengan cepat ke seluruh dunia. World Health Organization (WHO) baru-baru ini mengumumkan COVID-19 merupakan pandemi dunia dengan lebih dari 180.000 kasus dilaporkan hingga saat ini. Manifestasi neurologis dari COVID-19 berkaitan dengan penyakit serebrovaskular akut, gangguan kesadaran, dan kasus ensefalopati nekrotik hemoragik akut. Tujuan dari tinjauan literatur ini adalah mengkaji secara teori berdasarkan literatur tentang hubungan ensefalitis dan infeksi COVID-19.
Metode: Review literatur
Pembahasan: Ensefalitis dapat menyertai penyakit virus, seperti pada infeksi COVID-19. Ensefalitis virus mempengaruhi anak-anak, dewasa muda, atau pasien lanjut usia. Virus severe acute resporatory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) dapat masuk ke sistem saraf pusat melalui nervus olfaktorius.
Simpulan: Diagnosis ensefalitis COVID-19 dapat ditegakkan dengan anamnesis; pemeriksaan fisik; dan pemeriksaan penunjang berupa laboratorium darah, CT scan kepala, MRI serebral, EEG, analisa cairan serebrospinal, dan pemeriksaan PCR SARS-CoV-2 dari cairan serebrospinal.
Kata Kunci: COVID-19, ensefalitis, neurologi

Background: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection was first detected in December 2019 in China and has spread rapidly throughout the world. World Health Organization recently announced COVID-19 is a world pandemic with more than 180,000 reported cases. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 were an acute cerebrovascular disease, impaired consciousness, and acute hemorrhagic necrotic encephalopathy. The aim of this literature review is to analyse theoretically based on literature about encephalitis in COVID-19.Methods: A literature reviewDiscussion: Encephalitis can accompany viral diseases, such as COVID-19. Viral encephalitis affects children, young adults, or elderly patients. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters the central nervous system via the olfactory nerve.Conclusion: Covid-19 encephalitis can be detected by anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examination: blood laboratory finding, head CT scan, cerebral MRI, EEG, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and PCR test of SARS-CoV-2 by CSF.
Keywords: COVID-19, encephalitis, neurology
IMPORTÂNCIA DA ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA PARA A QUIMIOTERAPIA ANTITUMORAL
Authors: Alves Erica Assis , Tavares Gabriel Guimarães , Borges Leonardo Luiz 
Published: August 2020

Esta revisão teve como objetivo destacar a importância do profissional farmacêutico nos cuidados clínicos de um paciente oncológico, visando a sua melhoria de qualidade de vida e maior efetividade da farmacoterapia no tratamento do câncer. E descrever resumidamente sobre as principais drogas utilizadas no tratamento dos diversos tipos de câncer. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica nas principais plataformas de bases, durante os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2019. Dos resultados obtidos foram selecionados 32 artigos, duas teses de doutorado, 2 dissertações de mestrado e três trabalhos de conclusão de curso. Podemos concluir que o farmacêutico atuante da área de oncologia, deve ser um profissional comprometido em cuidar de paciente debilitados, fragilizados fisicamente e psicologicamente, também deve saber orientar tanto os pacientes quanto seus familiares, utilizando palavras sensatas e de conforto, portanto é um profissional indispensável na equipe multidisciplinar da oncologia.
A tool for efficient and accurate segmentation of speech data: announcing POnSS
Authors: Rodd Joe , Decuyper Caitlin , Bosker Hans Rutger , ten Bosch Louis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite advances in automatic speech recognition (ASR), human input is still essential for producing research-grade segmentations of speech data. Conventional approaches to manual segmentation are very labor-intensive. We introduce POnSS, a browser-based system that is specialized for the task of segmenting the onsets and offsets of words, which combines aspects of ASR with limited human input. In developing POnSS, we identified several sub-tasks of segmentation, and implemented each of these as separate interfaces for the annotators to interact with to streamline their task as much as possible. We evaluated segmentations made with POnSS against a baseline of segmentations of the same data made conventionally in Praat. We observed that POnSS achieved comparable reliability to segmentation using Praat, but required 23% less annotator time investment. Because of its greater efficiency without sacrificing reliability, POnSS represents a distinct methodological advance for the segmentation of speech data.
Teaching Ethics in Classroom Settings: Nursing Faculty Perceptions in Baccalaureate Programs
Authors: Grason Sharon 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The complexity of the current health care system has resulted in increasing demands on nurses to act as patient advocates and moral agents. Understanding faculty's experiences teaching ethics is instrumental to deliver ethically competent care. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of nursing faculty teaching ethics content in the classroom setting to prelicensure baccalaureate nursing students.

Method:
This qualitative, descriptive phenomenological design asked 11 nursing faculty with recent experience teaching ethics within prelicensure baccalaureate nursing programs to complete qualitative interviews.

Results:
Participants expressed the importance of teaching ethics in undergraduate nursing curricula but experienced significant challenges. Three main themes were identified in the data analysis: Lacking Prior Preparation, Difficult Content, and No Place Holder for Ethics Content.

Conclusion:

Intentional curriculum design incorporating ethics content is necessary for the preparation of prelicensure nursing students, along with formal and informal opportunities for faculty to explore ethics including philosophical underpinnings.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(9):506–509.]
“Get Connected”: Integrating Telehealth Triage in a Prelicensure Clinical Simulation
Authors: DeFoor Melissa , Darby Wendy , Pierce Vicki 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The integration of telehealth simulation experiences enables nursing students to effectively care for postnatal clients through interactive video technologies.

Method:
Faculty created a telehealth postnatal triage simulation in response to a need for client interaction due to COVID-19 social isolation restrictions.

Results:
Telehealth triage is an inexpensive, engaging teaching strategy and formative assessment method that can be easily created with existing resources and implemented in a postnatal simulation experience.

Conclusion:

Faculty concluded that this telehealth simulation experience is valuable in meeting student clinical learning outcomes and its continued use after social restrictions are removed is recommended. In the future, effectiveness of the simulation experience should be studied and measured along with incorporation of inter-and intraprofessional collaboration activities.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(9):518–521.]
sLeX Expression Delineates Distinct Functional Subsets of Human Blood Central and Effector Memory T Cells
Authors: Silva Mariana , Martin Kyle C. , Mondal Nandini , Sackstein Robert 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) regulates T cell trafficking from the vasculature into skin and sites of inflammation, thereby playing a critical role in immunity. In healthy persons, only a small proportion of human blood T cells express sLeX, and their function is not fully defined. Using a combination of biochemical and functional studies, we find that human blood sLeX+CD4+T cells comprise a subpopulation expressing high levels of Th2 and Th17 cytokines, chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR6, and the transcription factors GATA-3 and RORγT. Additionally, sLeX+CD4+T cells exclusively contain the regulatory T cell population (CD127lowCD25high and FOXP3+) and characteristically display immune-suppressive molecules, including the coinhibitor receptors PD-1 and CTLA-4. Among CD8+T cells, sLeX expression distinguishes a subset displaying low expression of cytotoxic effector molecules, perforin and granzyme β, with reduced degranulation and CD57 expression and, consistently, marginal cytolytic capacity after TCR engagement. Furthermore, sLeX+CD8+T cells present a pattern of features consistent with Th cell–like phenotype, including release of pertinent Tc2 cytokines and elevated expression of CD40L. Together, these findings reveal that sLeX display is associated with unique functional specialization of both CD4+ and CD8+T cells and indicate that circulating T cells that are primed to migrate to lesional sites at onset of inflammation are not poised for cytotoxic function.
CD70 Inversely Regulates Regulatory T Cells and Invariant NKT Cells and Modulates Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice
Authors: Ye Cheng , Low Benjamin E. , Wiles Michael V. , Brusko Todd M. , Serreze David V. , Driver John P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The CD27–CD70 costimulatory pathway is essential for the full activation of T cells, but some studies show that blocking this pathway exacerbates certain autoimmune disorders. In this study, we report on the impact of CD27–CD70 signaling on disease progression in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Specifically, our data demonstrate that CD70 ablation alters thymocyte selection and increases circulating T cell levels. CD27 signaling was particularly important for the thymic development and peripheral homeostasis of Foxp3+Helios+ regulatory T cells, which likely accounts for our finding that CD70-deficient NOD mice develop more-aggressive T1D onset. Interestingly, we found that CD27 signaling suppresses the thymic development and effector functions of T1D-protective invariant NKT cells. Thus, rather than providing costimulatory signals, the CD27–CD70 axis may represent a coinhibitory pathway for this immunoregulatory T cell population. Moreover, we showed that a CD27 agonist Ab reversed the effects of CD70 ablation, indicating that the phenotypes observed in CD70-deficient mice were likely due to a lack of CD27 signaling. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the CD27–CD70 costimulatory pathway regulates the differentiation program of multiple T cell subsets involved in T1D development and may be subject to therapeutic targeting.
The Expression of P2X7 Receptor on Th1, Th17, and Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Correlations with Active Disease
Authors: Li Mingxuan , Yang Chuanyu , Wang Yunhai , Song Wei , Jia Lina , Peng Xiaoxiang , Zhao Ronglan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is highly expressed on immune cells, triggering the release of cytokines and regulating autoimmune responses. To investigate P2X7R surface expression on T helper (Th) 1, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and correlations with disease activity, 29 SLE and 29 RA patients and 18 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. We showed that SLE and RA patients had significantly higher levels of plasma cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-23), frequencies of Th1 and Th17 cells, and expression of P2X7R on Th1 and Th17 than HCs, and the Th17/Treg ratio was significantly increased, whereas Treg cell levels were significantly decreased. The Ca2+ influx increase following BzATP stimulation was significantly higher in CD4+PBMCs from SLE and RA patients than in HCs. Blood levels of shed P2X7R were increased in SLE and RA patients. Furthermore, 28-joint Disease Activity Score and SLE Disease Activity Index score showed negative correlations with Treg cell levels and positive correlations with Th17/Treg ratio and Th17 cell P2X7R expression. Interestingly, Th17 cell P2X7R expression was closely correlated with IL-1β, C-reactive protein, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anticyclic citrullinated peptide Abs, albumin, and C4. These data indicate that increased Th17 cell P2X7R expression is functionally and positively related to disease activity and some inflammatory mediators in SLE and RA patients, and P2X7R could be critical in promoting the Th17 immune response and contributing to the complex pathogenesis of SLE and RA.
Determining Factors Affecting the Medical Interns' Choice of Specialties among Governmental Universities in Riyadh
Authors: Al Suwaidan Ahmed Tariq , Al Luhidan Lama Abdullah , Al Barrak Khaled Abdullah , Al Mubrick Rehab Abdullah , Al Suwaidan Hessah Ibrahim , Al Shammari Rawan Abdulaziz , Belal Barakeh Rima MHD , Al-Ghusoon Moath Khalid , Al Rwaily Bander Munir , Al Shammari Sulaiman Abdullah 
Published: August 2020

The nature of experience during the medical study at university may play an essential role in choosing the specialty.

Background:
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of national universities in general and on medical interns' career choice, taking into consideration the gender difference. Furthermore, to find out when national universities educate their students about the different specialties.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study that included 234 Saudi medical intern students from four different medical colleges in national universities in Riyadh. These were King Saud University, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Imam Mohamed Bin Saud Islamic University, and King Saud bin Abdulaziz for Health and Science (KSAU-HS) with consideration of gender differences and availability. All participants who are selected randomly completed an online questioner with a unique code.

Results:
Around two-thirds (66%) of the participants ensured that their national universities had a positive influence in choosing the specialties dividing equally between both genders. According to the participants' perceptions, all the items of the medical education system did not affect in choosing the specialty except three of them that have a positive effect which are elective experience (43.59%), clinical year (40.6%), and the personality of instructor (38.46%). Furthermore, one-third (33%) of the participants emphasized that their universities educated them about the specialties in the 3rd year. The most common decisive factor was an elective experience of 19.36%, whereas the most common negative factors were improper block duration and the personality of the instructor by 14.52%.

Conclusion:
Most national universities had a positive effect on their students' career choice, and they educated pregraduate students about specialties.
Penerapan Model Missouri Mathematics Project Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar
Authors: Aini Laely Nurul , Muryaningsih Sri , Irawan Dedy 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 kali pertemuan, dengan menggunakan model Missouri Mathematics Project. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, hasil belajar pengetahuan pada pertemuan I mendapatkan nilai 71,8 dengan kategori baik, dan ketuntasan 75%. Pada pertemuan II mendapatkan presentase 80,5 dengan kategori baik, dan ketuntasan belajar 80%. Hasil belajar sikap percaya diri pada pertemuan I mendaptkan nilai 2,5 dengan kategori cukup, dan pada pertemuan II mendaptkan presentase 3,25 dengan kategori baik. Hasil belajar keterampilan menyelesaikan soal matematika pada pertemuan I mendapatkan nilai 2,5 dengan kategori cukup dan pada pertemuan II mendapatkan presentase 3,08 dengan kategori baik. Hasil belajar pada aspek pengetahuan, sikap percaya diri, dan keterampilan menyelesaikan soal matematika telah mencapai indikator keberhasilan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model Missouri Mathematics Project dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika peserta didik kelas IV SDN 1 Banjarsari Wetan.
Spectrum of Benign Histopathological Lesions in Cholecystectomy Specimens
Authors: Singh Prachi , Ahmad Faiyaz , Dutta Shyamoli , Awasthi Seema , Singh V. K 
Published: August 2020

Background: The most commonly received specimen in any histopathology laboratory is cholecystectomy specimen. The majority of the cholecystectomies are done for Cholelithiasis. Inflammation may be acute, chronic or acute on chronic. It almost always occurs in association with gallstones, which is responsible for carcinoma and if the diagnosed early prognosis of the carcinoma gall bladder is good. Histopathological examination is therefore a must for diagnosis of early carcinomas. Subjects and Methods: 100 cholecystectomy specimens from patients of all ages were included. All specimens were subjected to gross and microscopic assessment. Different histological findings were noted in various layers of the gall bladder. The study includes all radiologically confirmed inflammatory pathologies of including metaplastic changes of the gall bladder epithelium, irrespective of age and sex. The study excludes patients with evident gallbladder malignancy, cases with known secondaries from gall bladder, traumatic rupture of gallbladder. Results: The age of patients varied from 16 to 70 years, with a maximum number of patients (25%) belong to 31 to 40 years. Gall stones were associated with 59% cases of cholecystitis. Pigment stones were most common (74%). Histopathologically the most common diagnosis was chronic cholecystitis (69%). Conclusion: Almost all of the gallbladder lesions are inflammatory in origin, of which the most common disease being chronic cholecystitis. Chronic cholecystitis was found to be most probable diagnosis in a female of 30-40 years. Pigmented gall stones were found to be the most common etiology of chronic cholecystitis. Prompt detailed histopathological analysis will help to confirm the benign nature of the disease or to detect any precursors of malignancy.
Cognitive dysfunctions in patients with bipolar disorder: A comparative study from Western Rajasthan
Authors: Awasthi Ankit , Koolwal Arpit , Dhaka Nikita , Koolwal Ghanshyam Das , Gehlot Sanjay 
Published: August 2020

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is an established entity in bipolar disorder. The affected individuals exhibit wide-ranging deficits involving multiple domains of cognitive functioning. These deficits are associated with poor functional outcome and residual disability in patients. A substantial literature exists globally on cognition in bipolar disorder; however, few studies have been carried out on this subject in India and in Rajasthan. The aim of the study is to compare cognitive functions of bipolar disorder patients and healthy control subjects. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Psychiatry department of a tertiary care institution on 50 bipolar disorder patients and matched healthy controls subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The diagnosis was made by DSM-V criteria, and symptom severity was determined by the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). After seeking socio-demographic details, all participants were administered the Post Graduate Institute Battery of Brain Dysfunction (PGI-BBD) to assess cognitive functioning. Data collected were subjected to suitable statistical analysis (mean, standard deviation, and chi-square test). Results: The majority of the bipolar disorder patients (54%) were under 35 years of age, were males (60%), were from the urban background (70%), and were married (82%). Bipolar disorder patients performed poorly on all domains of cognitive functioning, i.e. memory, performance and verbal intelligence, and perceptuo-motor skills. Conclusion: The present study affirmed the previous findings of wide-spread cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder patients. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are the key steps to reduce the cognitive morbidity associated with this disorder.