bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcooled Flow Boiling on Micro-Porous Structured Copper Surface in a Vertical Mini-Gap Channel
Authors: Li Junye , Lin Yuhao , Zhou Kan , Li Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An experimental investigation of subcooled flow boiling in a rectangular mini-gap channel with the dimension of 0.5 mm × 5 mm was conducted with deionized water as the working fluid. Fabricated by electroless plating method and high-temperature treatment, the copper-based hydrophobic micro-porous surface was utilized in the experiments. High-speed flow visualization was conducted to picture the flow patterns during the experiment. The mass fluxes were in the range of 200–400 kg/m2s, and the wall heat fluxes were spanned from 35 to 350 kW/m2. The onset of flow boiling, heat transfer coefficient, and pressure drop were discussed with the variation of heat fluxes and mass fluxes, the trends of which were analyzed along with the flow patterns. Because of the numerous nucleation sites on micro-porous surface, the superheat required for the onset of boiling are of small amounts of about 2 K. Due to the intense nucleation process, the boiling curves appeared to be a negative slope after the onset of boiling, which was more obvious in the lower mass flux conditions. In the high heat flux conditions, heat transfer coefficients under lower mass flux condition were higher because the intense nucleation process occurred and the elongated bubble flow along with the film evaporation heat transfer was formed. The film evaporation heat transfer inside the elongated bubble is more efficient to release the latent heat than the nucleate boiling. However, the appearance of the elongated bubble flow would attribute to higher pressure drop and severer pressure drop fluctuation due to its expansion toward upstream.
Temperature change in subtropical southeastern Africa during the past 790,000 yr
Authors: Chevalier Manuel , Chase Brian M. , Quick Lynne J. , Dupont Lydie M. , Johnson Thomas C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Across the glacial-interglacial cycles of the late Pleistocene (∼700 k.y.), temperature variability at low latitudes is often considered to have been negligible compared to changes in precipitation. However, a paucity of quantified temperature records makes this difficult to reliably assess. In this study, we used the Bayesian method CREST (Climate REconstruction SofTware) to produce a 790,000 yr quantified temperature reconstruction from a marine pollen record from southeast Africa. The results reveal a strong similarity between temperature variability in subtropical Africa and global ice volume and CO2 concentrations, indicating that temperature in the region was not controlled by local insolation, but followed global trends at these time scales, with an amplitude of ∼4 °C between glacial minima and interglacial maxima. The data also enabled us to make an assessment of the impact of temperature change on pollen diversity, with results showing there is no link between glacial-age temperatures/CO2 and a loss of diversity in this record.
The Challenges of Vaccine Development against Betacoronaviruses: Antibody Dependent Enhancement and Sendai Virus as a Possible Vaccine Vector
Authors: Zaichuk T. A. , Nechipurenko Y. D. , Adzhubey A. A. , Onikienko S. B. , Chereshnev V. A. , Zainutdinov S. S. , Kochneva G. V. , Netesov S. V. , Matveeva O. V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo design an effective and safe vaccine against betacoronaviruses, it is necessary to use their evolutionarily conservative antigenic determinants that will elicit the combination of strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Targeting such determinants minimizes the risk of antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection. This phenomenon was observed in animal trials of experimental vaccines against SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV that were developed based on inactivated coronavirus or vector constructs expressing the spike protein (S) of the virion. The substitution and glycosylation of certain amino acids in the antigenic determinants of the S-protein, as well as its conformational changes, can lead to the same effect in a new experimental vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Using more conservative structural and accessory viral proteins for the vaccine antigenic determinants will help to avoid this problem. This review outlines approaches for developing vaccines against the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that are based on non-pathogenic viral vectors. For efficient prevention of infections caused by respiratory pathogens the ability of the vaccine to stimulate mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract is important. Such a vaccine can be developed using non-pathogenic Sendai virus vector, since it can be administered intranasally and induce a mucosal immune response that strengthens the antiviral barrier in the respiratory tract and provides reliable protection against infection.
Models of support to family members during the trajectory of cancer: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Samuelsson Maria , Wennick Anne , Jakobsson Jenny , Bengtsson Mariette 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionA cancer diagnose, for example, colorectal cancer, not only affects the cancer-person stricken, but also the surrounding family. Thus, this scoping review intends to identify appropriate models of support that will guide the development of a model of support to family members during the trajectory of colorectal cancer.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will be guided by the methodological framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley, refined by Levac et al and Colquhoun et al, and described by the Joanna Briggs Institute. All the stages will be conducted iteratively and reflexively. First, a search strategy will be developed with a librarian and applied in the following peer-reviewed databases: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and PsycINFO. Additional searches will be performed in Google Scholar and SwePub for identification of grey literature and hand searched in the reference lists. Searches will be conducted from December 2019 to February 2020. A draft of the preliminary search strategy was performed in PubMed in November 2019. Subsequently, three members of the research team will independently screen all abstracts for relevance, as well as the full-text articles. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria will be critically evaluated using the Joanna Brigg Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. A descriptive summary of study characteristics and of the scoping review process will be presented, including a visual flow diagram. Lastly, a thematic analysis as presented by Braun and Clarke will be conducted. To enhance validity, contact nurses of persons with colorectal cancer will be provided an overview of the preliminary results.Ethics and disseminationBeing a secondary analysis, ethical approval is not needed for this study. The findings of the analysis will be used to inform the design of a future study aiming to develop a model of support and an upcoming scoping review, which will be published in a scientific journal and presented at relevant conferences.
Mitigating the mistreatment of childbearing women: evaluation of respectful maternity care intervention in Ethiopian hospitals
Authors: Asefa Anteneh , Morgan Alison , Gebremedhin Samson , Tekle Ephrem , Abebe Sintayehu , Magge Hema , Kermode Michelle 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThere is a lack of evidence on approaches to mitigating mistreatment during facility-based childbirth. This study compares the experiences of mistreatment reported by childbearing women before and after implementation of a respectful maternity care intervention.DesignA pre–post study design was undertaken to quantify changes in women’s experiences of mistreatment during facility-based childbirth before and after the respectful maternity care intervention.InterventionA respectful maternity care intervention was implemented in three hospitals in southern Ethiopia between December 2017 and September 2018 and it included training of service providers, placement of wall posters in labour rooms and post-training supportive visits for quality improvement.Outcome measuresA 25-item questionnaire asking women about mistreatment experiences was administered to 388 women (198 in the pre-intervention, 190 in the post-intervention). The outcome variable was the number of mistreatment components experienced by women, expressed as a score out of 25. Multilevel mixed-effects Poisson modelling was used to assess the change in mistreatment score from pre-intervention to post-intervention periods.ResultsThe number of mistreatment components experienced by women was reduced by 18% when the post-intervention group was compared with the pre-intervention group (adjusted regression coefficient (Aβ)=0.82, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.91). Women who had a complication during pregnancy (Aβ=1.17, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.34) and childbirth (Aβ=1.16, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.32) experienced a greater number of mistreatment components. On the other hand, women who gave birth by caesarean birth after trial of vaginal birth (Aβ=0.76, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.92) and caesarean birth without trial of vaginal birth (Aβ=0.68, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.98) experienced a lesser number of mistreatment components compared with those who had vaginal birth.ConclusionsWomen reported significantly fewer mistreatment experiences during childbirth following implementation of the intervention. Given the variety of factors that lead to mistreatment in health facilities, interventions designed to mitigate mistreatment need to involve structural changes.
Retrospective review of end-of-life care in the last month of life in older patients with multiple myeloma: what collaboration between haematologists and palliative care teams?
Authors: Chalopin Thomas , Vallet Nicolas , Benboubker Lotfi , Ochmann Marlène , Gyan Emmanuel , Chaumier François 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesPatients with haematological malignancies (HM) receive more aggressive treatments near the end-of-life (EOL) than patients with solid tumours. Palliative care (PC) needs are less widely acknowledged in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) than in other HM. The main objective of our study was to describe EOL care and PC referral in a population of older patients with MM.MethodsWe retrospectively included deceased inpatients and outpatients with an MM previously diagnosed at the age of 70 and over in two tertiary centres in France. We reported EOL characteristics regarding treatments considered to be aggressive—antimyeloma therapies, hospitalisations, blood product transfusions, intensive care units (ICUs) or emergency admissions—and PC referral.ResultsWe included 119 patients. In their last month of life, 75 (63%) were hospitalised for fever, pain, asthenia, anaemia or bleeding, 49 (41%) were admitted in the emergency department and 12 (10%) in ICU, 76 (64%) still received antimyeloma therapy and 45 (38%) had at least two transfusions. Only 24 (20%) received PC intervention for pain, global care, family support, anxiety, social care or confusion. Median follow-up until death was 20 days.ConclusionsOur study found a high rate of hospitalisations and antimyeloma therapies in the last month of life. The PC referral rate was low, often once specific treatments were stopped. Our results suggest the need for more effective collaboration between PC teams and haematologists in order to respond to the specific needs of these patients and to improve their quality of care at EOL.
Supporting the intoxicated patient: toxicants affecting the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems
Authors: Cook Simon , Greensmith Tom 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe gastrointestinal and hepatic systems are the first to encounter many potentially toxic substances. Recognition, stabilisation and treatment of the consequences of intoxication are key to successful management.Aim of the articleThis is the final article in a series of four. It focuses on toxicants that affect the gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary systems, outlining the aetiology of the clinical signs observed, along with diagnostic assessment and treatment considerations.
Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium bacteraemia in a puppy with canine parvoviral enteritis
Authors: Hanekom Josef , Pazzi Paolo , Rautenbach Yolandi , Henning Alischa 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYA 12‐week‐old female intact, pit bull terrier cross breed puppy presented with vomiting and haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Phagocytosed bacterial rods were observed on peripheral and central blood smears. A commercially available canine parvovirus ELISA test and subsequent electron microscopy for viral particles both tested negative on faecal sampling. The owners declined treatment and the puppy was euthanased. The postmortem revealed enteric necrosis, purulent meningoencephalitis, necropurulent hepatitis and diffuse interstitial pneumonia, with heavySalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium growth on blood and tissue culture. TheSalmonellaspecies were sensitive to most commonly used antimicrobials including ampicillin. Canine parvovirus enteritis was diagnosed by positive canine parvovirus specific immune‐peroxidase staining of intestinal tissue sections. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to describe canine parvoviral enteritis complicated by a salmonella bacteraemia, and the detection of a bacteraemia on a peripheral blood smear in a live dog.
Investigating the presence of equine piroplasmosis in Ireland
Authors: Coultous Robert M , Leadon Desmond P , Shiels Brian R , Sutton David , Weir William 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundEquine piroplasmosis (EP) is a notifiable disease in Ireland and a significant concern to domestic and international equine industries. Information regarding EP presence in Ireland is currently limited. This retrospective surveillance study describes a serological and molecular analysis of blood samples submitted to the Irish Equine Centre for EP testing between January 2013 and April 2016.MethodsFollowing serological testing, seropositive samples were screened using a PCR targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Amplicon sequences were bioinformatically analysed to identify the parasite species and to assess genetic diversity.ResultsFrom 2099 screened equine blood samples, 2.5 per cent and 1 per cent were seropositive for Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, respectively. T equi DNA was detected in 9 per cent of the seropositive samples while B caballi DNA was not detected in any sample. The T equi DNA sequences displayed no genetic diversity at this locus, in contrast to samples from the UK and from endemic areas.ConclusionDetection of EP‐seropositive and parasitaemic horses in Ireland indicates a clear and present health risk to the equine population. It is recommended that owners adopt appropriate biosecurity measures and that clinicians are mindful of this disease as a differential diagnosis.
Regularization, renormalization and consistency conditions in QED with x-electric potential steps
Authors: Gavrilov S. P. , Gitman D. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present article is an important addition to the nonperturbative formulation of QED with x-steps presented by Gavrilov and Gitman (Phys. Rev. D. 93:045002, 2016). Here we propose a new renormalization and volume regularization procedures which allow one to calculate and distinguish physical parts of different matrix elements of operators of the current and of the energy–momentum tensor, at the same time relating the latter quantities with characteristics of the vacuum instability. For this purpose, a modified inner product and a parameter $$\tau $$
τ
of the regularization are introduced. The latter parameter can be fixed using physical considerations. In the Klein zone this parameter can be interpreted as the time of the observation of the pair-production effect. In the refined formulation of QED with x-steps, we succeeded to consider the back-reaction problem. In the case of an uniform electric field E confined between two capacitor plates separated by a finite distance L, we see that the smallness of the back-reaction implies a restriction (the consistency condition) on the product EL from above.
New version of the gedanken experiments to test the weak cosmic censorship in charged dilaton-Lifshitz black holes
Authors: Jiang Jie , Zhang Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, based on the new version of the gedanken experiments proposed by Sorce and Wald, we examine the weak cosmic censorship in the perturbation process of accreting matter fields for the charged dilaton-Lifshitz black holes. In the investigation, we assume that the black hole is perturbed by some extra matter source satisfied the null energy condition and ultimately settle down to a static charged dilaton-Lifshitz black hole in the asymptotic future. Then, after applying the Noether charge method, we derive the first-order and second-order perturbation inequalities of the perturbation matter fields. As a result, we find that the nearly extremal charged dilaton-Lifshitz black hole cannot be destroyed under the second-order approximation of perturbation. This result implies that the weak cosmic censorship conjecture might be a general feature of the Einstein gravity, and it is independent of the asymptotic behaviors of the black holes.
Abstract 1: Sulindac plus phospholipid is effective for polyp reduction and safer than sulindac alone
Authors: Davis Jennifer Sarah , Kanikarla Preeti , Yu Patrick L. , Gagea Mihai , Fang Dexing , Sebastian Manu , Yang Peiying , Hawk Ernest , Dashwood Roderick , Lichtenberger Lenard M. , Menter David , Kopetz Scott 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the chemoprevention efficacy and relative safety of sulindac combined with a phospholipid compared to sulindac alone.
Methods: Apcmin/+ mice on the C57/B6 background were randomized to receive oral gavage of sulindac, sulindac combined with the phospholipid (phosphatidyl choline, sulindac-PC), saline or no treatment, daily for twenty-one days. At the end of the treatment period, polyp burden and gastric integrity were assessed in a blinded Following formalin fixation, the stomach from each animal was embedded in paraffin and sectioned for microscopic evaluation. In addition to mucosal ulceration, three measures of gastric inflammation were taken. To test biological activity of sulindac and sulindac-PC, nuclear β-catenin immunohistochemistry was performed on small intestinal polyps.
Results: Both sulindac and sulindac-PC treated animals had significantly decreased polyp burden compared to controls (Table 1). Additionally, sulindac-PC treated mice had significantly (p=0.02) lower gastric inflammation scores (1.00 ± 0.63) compared to sulindac alone (2.14 ± 0.90). Two out of seven sulindac treated mice were found to have gastric ulcers, compared to zero out of six sulindac-PC treated mice, though this difference was not statistically significant. Both sulindac and sulindac-PC treated mice had significantly lower nuclear β-catenin staining compared to control treated mice (Table 1).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest the addition of a phospholipid as an effective strategy to reduce gastric toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as sulindac, while maintaining chemopreventive efficacy.
Citation Format: Jennifer Sarah Davis, Preeti Kanikarla, Patrick L. Yu, Mihai Gagea, Dexing Fang, Manu Sebastian, Peiying Yang, Ernest Hawk, Roderick Dashwood, Lenard M. Lichtenberger, David Menter, Scott Kopetz. Sulindac plus phospholipid is effective for polyp reduction and safer than sulindac alone [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1.
Abstract 1008: Characterizing the post-translational regulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in triple-negative breast cancer: Role of EphA3/Fes/Fer
Authors: Ling Min , Wang Wenqi , Yang Xiaolong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:
The programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a cell surface protein expressed on a variety of antigen-presenting cells for the purpose of controlling the immune response. As such, the role of PD-L1 expression on the surface of cancer cells has been proven to contribute to cancer immune evasion and tumor progression. Triple negative breast cancer has the most abundant tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and PD-L1 is found highly upregulated in TNBC, allowing blockade immune checkpoint therapy a potentially effective treatment. However, the overall response rate is less than 20-30%. Over the past years, the literature that implicated the regulation of PD-L1 was primarily on transcription levels. The objective of our present study is to further characterize the post-translational modification of PD-L1 in efforts to better target it in TNBC immunotherapy.
Methods and Results:
By proteomic screen utilizing tandem affinity purification of interacting proteins using SFB (S, Flag, and Streptavidin binding peptide)-tagged PD-L1, we identified a number of novel interactions between PD-L1 and 67 candidates. A number of exclusive kinases have also shown high-confidence binding with PD-L1 in the proteomic screen. The primary hits were shortlisted and validated by means of co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). The co-IP has confirmed a number of hits identified in the proteomic screen, including receptor tyrosine kinases (ephrin receptors, EphA3), and non-receptor tyrosine kinases (Fes and Fer) which have been explored in tumor progression and immune cell development. To test whether our candidate kinases can directly phosphorylate PD-L1 in vitro, His tagged-PD-L1 was mixed with active EphA3/Fes/Fer kinases. Phosphorylated PD-L1-His was detected by WB using PNBM treatment and anti-thiophosphate antibody. Kinase assays showed that EphA3/Fes/Fer can directly phosphorylate PD-L1. We also found that Fes/Fer were able to up-regulate PD-L1 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusions:
PD-L1 exhibits interactions with tyrosine kinases, which suggests PD-L1 phosphorylation as a novel post-translational modification. Our findings provide a rationale for the development of combination kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy in TNBC.
Citation Format: Min Ling, Wenqi Wang, Xiaolong Yang. Characterizing the post-translational regulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in triple-negative breast cancer: Role of EphA3/Fes/Fer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1008.