bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of a cold‐sprayed and plasma‐sprayed Fe25Cr20Mo1Si amorphous alloy coatings on 40Cr substrates
Authors: Cao Qi , Huang Guosheng , Ma Li , Xing Lukuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether cold spraying is capable of manufacturing high‐quality ferrous‐based amorphous alloy coatings by comparing the performance of a cold‐sprayed with a plasma‐sprayed Fe25Cr20Mo1Si amorphous coating on a 40Cr substrate. The hardness, microstructure, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of the two coatings were determined with potentiodynamic polarization curves, neutral salt spray tests, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction and their performance differences were examined. The results show that the cold‐sprayed Fe25Cr20Mo1Si coating has an amorphous content of 97.63%, which is slightly higher than that for the raw powder (97.24%) and plasma‐sprayed coating (96.55%). The coating hardness ranges from 720 HV to 1,030 HV, which is higher than plasma‐sprayed coating (590–610 HV) and decreases the wear rate to about 2/3. The average porosity is 2.97 ± 0.59%, which is lower than that of the plasma‐sprayed coating (4.95 ± 0.13%). The cold‐sprayed Fe25Cr20Mo1Si coating can pass the 3,000 hr neutral salt spraying test, while the plasma‐sprayed coating fails within 120 hr. The corrosion current in 3.5% NaCl solution reached to its stable value about 1.66 A/cm2, which is about 1/4 of the plasma‐sprayed coating (5.81 A/cm2). Upon analyzing the properties and the anticorrosion performance, it was found that there are no through‐thickness pores in the cold‐sprayed coating that impact its long‐term anticorrosion performance. Cold spraying can be used to fabricate ferrous‐based amorphous coatings instead of traditional thermal spraying technologies to obtain high‐quality ferrous‐based amorphous coatings.
Time reversibility of the discrete element method
Authors: Hanley Kevin J. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryAn algorithm is presented for discrete element method simulations of energy‐conserving systems of frictionless, spherical particles in a reversed‐time frame. This algorithm is verified, within the limits of round‐off error, through implementation in the LAMMPS code. Mechanisms for energy dissipation such as interparticle friction, damping, rotational resistance, particle crushing, or bond breakage cannot be incorporated into this algorithm without causing time irreversibility. This theoretical development is applied to critical‐state soil mechanics as an exemplar. It is shown that the convergence of soil samples, which differ only in terms of their initial void ratio, to the same critical state requires the presence of shear forces and frictional dissipation within the soil system.
Green scalable vapor texture etching for multicrystalline silicon wafers
Authors: Sun Pei‐Yu , Tsai Pi‐Chen , Liang Po‐Yu , Hsu Hsiao‐Ping , Sutejo Agustina , Yang Allen , Lan Chung‐Wen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the low‐cost diamond‐wire (DW) slicing has been widely used for single‐crystalline silicon (sc‐Si) wafers, and this makes sc‐Si solar cells very attractive to the market. On the contrary, the adoption of DW slicing for multicrystalline (mc‐Si) wafers is troublesome because of poor texturing quality in the existing production lines using acid solutions. We have developed a vapor texture etching (VTE) process with the combination of both acid and reacted vapors for DW sliced mc‐Si wafers. The etching process was rather simple and low cost. More importantly, the acid usage was low and recyclable, so that the acid emission was low as well. Its scale‐up was easy and straightforward. In this lab‐scale reactor, more than 50 full‐size wafers could be processed each time. The etched wafers had uniform appearance and low reflectivity, around 10%. After the nanostructure pores were enlarged by post treatments to minimize surface recombination, the full‐size mc‐Si solar cell fabricated by Solartech could achieve an efficiency of 19.7% using the Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact (PERC) structure, which was comparable with the average production efficiency.
Optoelectronically active luminescent valine‐substituted perylene diimide: structure‐property correlation via spectroscopic and density functional approaches
Authors: Durga Geeta , Verma Vinay K. , Tomar Richa , Prajapati Roopali , Chauhan Vishakha , Aggarwal Nikhil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn literature, the applicability of solution‐phase perylene diimides (PDIs) semiconductors are limited due to their restricted solubility in solvents. In contrast, we synthesized a highly soluble and novel valine‐functionalized PDI derivative (perylene diimide diacid, PDIDA) whose optical and electrical properties were carefully assessed by experimental and density functional approaches. Notably, on valine substitution, the ultraviolet‐visible absorption band centered at 524 nm was attributed to the predominant HOMO ➔ LUMO electronic transition (weighing coefficient = 99 %). Interestingly, the nonuniform variation (W‐shaped) in absorption energy for HOMO ➔ LUMO electronic transition in PDIDA with solvent dielectric constant was experimentally witnessed. The latter was computationally attributed to the more S1 stabilization over So solvent stabilization, particularly in ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Furthermore, upon 525 nm excitation, the maximum fluorescence emission was observed at 533 nm with photoluminescence quantum yield as high as 0.77. Interestingly, similar to absorption studies, pronounced influence of solvent polarity was evident on the emission maximum particularly in ethanol and DMSO. Subsequently, electrochemical investigation proved that the PDIDA sustained the intrinsic n‐type semiconductivity with a dielectric constant (εr) 5, a current of 0.54 mA at 5 V, and an electrical conductivity of 1.88 × 10−5 Sm−1. Owing to the above remarkable properties of the synthesized PDIDA, it holds potential applications in photovoltaics, fluorescence‐based detectors and n‐type channel field effect transistors, and so forth.
Tension Between a Vanishing Cosmological Constant and Non‐Supersymmetric Heterotic Orbifolds
Authors: Groot Nibbelink Stefan , Loukas Orestis , Mütter Andreas , Parr Erik , Vaudrevange Patrick K. S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigate under which conditions the cosmological constant vanishes perturbatively at the one‐loop level for heterotic strings on non‐supersymmetric toroidal orbifolds. To obtain model‐independent results, which do not rely on the gauge embedding details, we require that the right‐moving fermionic partition function vanishes identically in every orbifold sector. This means that each sector preserves at least one, but not always the same Killing spinor. The existence of such Killing spinors is related to the representation theory of finite groups, i.e. of the point group that underlies the orbifold. However, by going through all inequivalent (Abelian and non‐Abelian) point groups of six‐dimensional toroidal orbifolds we show that this is never possible: For any non‐supersymmetric orbifold there is always (at least) one sector, that does not admit any Killing spinor. The underlying mathematical reason for this no‐go result is formulated in a conjecture, which we have tested by going through an even larger number of finite groups. This conjecture could be applied to situations beyond symmetric toroidal orbifolds, like asymmetric orbifolds.
Slow‐decaying presynaptic calcium dynamics gate long‐lasting asynchronous release at the hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 pyramidal cell synapse
Authors: Chamberland Simon , Timofeeva Yulia , Evstratova Alesya , Norman Christopher A. , Volynski Kirill , Tóth Katalin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAction potentials trigger two modes of neurotransmitter release, with a fast synchronous component and a temporally delayed asynchronous release. Asynchronous release contributes to information transfer at synapses, including at the hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) to CA3 pyramidal cell synapse where it controls the timing of postsynaptic CA3 pyramidal neuron firing. Here, we identified and characterized the main determinants of asynchronous release at the MF–CA3 synapse. We found that asynchronous release at MF–CA3 synapses can last on the order of seconds following repetitive MF stimulation. Elevating the stimulation frequency or the external Ca2+ concentration increased the rate of asynchronous release, thus, arguing that presynaptic Ca2+ dynamics is the major determinant of asynchronous release rate. Direct MF bouton Ca2+ imaging revealed slow Ca2+ decay kinetics of action potential (AP) burst‐evoked Ca2+ transients. Finally, we observed that asynchronous release was preferentially mediated by Ca2+ influx through P/Q‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels, while the contribution of N‐type VGCCs was limited. Overall, our results uncover the determinants of long‐lasting asynchronous release from MF terminals and suggest that asynchronous release could influence CA3 pyramidal cell firing up to seconds following termination of granule cell bursting.
Learning from Data Journeys
Authors: Leonelli Sabina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe introduction discusses the idea of data journeys and its characteristics as an investigative tool and theoretical framework for this volume and broader scholarship on data. Building on a relational and historicized understanding ofdata as lineages, it reflects on the methodological and conceptual challenges involved in mapping, analyzing and comparing the production, movement and use of data within and across research fields and approaches, and the strategies developed to cope with such difficulties. The introduction then provides an overview of significant variation among data practices in different research areas that emerge from the analyses of data journeys garnered in this volume. In closing, it discusses the significance of this approach towards addressing the challenges raised by data-centric science and the emergence of big and open data.
The Reuse of Digital Computer Data: Transformation, Recombination and Generation of Data Mixes in Big Data Science
Authors: Tempini Niccolò 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter is concerned with the relationship between the materiality of digital computer data and their reuse in scientific practice. It builds on the case study of a ‘data mash-up’ infrastructure for research with environmental, weather and population health data. I problematise the extent to which scientists reusing digital computer data heavily manipulate the sources through complex and situated calculative operations, as they attempt to re-situate data well beyond the epistemic community in which they originated, and adapt them to different theoretical frameworks, methods and evidential standards. The chapter interrogates the consequent relationship between derivative data and the data sources from which they originate. The deep relationality of scientific computer data is multi-layered and scaffolded, as it depends on relations between various kinds of data, computing technologies, assumptions, theoretical scaffoldings, hypotheses and other features of the situation at hand.
Realizing Healthful Housing: Devices for Data Travel in Public Health and Urban Redevelopment in the Twentieth Century United States
Authors: Ramsden Edmund 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe field of housing is dependent upon data from a wide range of sources, as issues of architecture, engineering, finance, sanitation, public health and social relations must all be considered in policy, planning and design. This chapter documents the efforts of housing and public health experts in mobilizing housing data across different disciplinary and social spaces in the 1930s and 40s. To overcome the immense challenge of making such extensive and diverse information available and useful, we will explore howactionabilitywas built into the very methods of collecting, processing, and circulating information. New standards and appraisal techniques were devised by the Committee on the Hygiene of Housing of the American Public Health Association that would shape and determine housing data journeys in critically important ways. It was by devising new ways to simultaneously collect, organize, package and translate data in a way that was meaningful for planners and policy-makers, that led to healthful housing surveys and public health ideals playing a critical role in a period of intensive urban redevelopment and renewal in the mid-twentieth century United States.
The Datum in Context: Measuring Frameworks, Data Series and the Journeys of Individual Datums
Authors: Morgan Mary S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStudying a social whole such as a city, an economy, or a society, requires the construction of ‘group data sets’ where the group is made up of a number of individual data series, each one in turn made up of a string of individual data points or datums. This group set forms the most important context for considering the travels of any single numerical datum. The purpose of this paper is to explore and explain how it is that different kinds of group data sets, where the data are collected and aligned according to different measuring principles and to represent different subject matters, affect the travels of any datum point in the group. Using examples from social science, the paper examines how the relations of the data points within the whole set determine the possibilities for any single individual datum to travel within and out of its set, and how the integrity and fruitfulness of data or datum journeys will be dependent on those bit-whole relations that characterize the group data set.
Sharing Data, Repairing Practices: On the Reflexivity of Astronomical Data Journeys
Authors: Hoeppe Götz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter probes into how scientists’ discursive interactions are oriented not only to others’ arguments but also toward achieving an agreement on what data are like and how they ought to be used. It does so by attempting a reading of an episode of data re-use from recent astronomy that is mindful of researchers’ interactional and discursive work. I focus on the presumed detection, in 2004, of a galaxy at record distance from Earth. The original data became public at the time of publication and were soon re-used and supplemented with new observations by other teams. Data re-using scientists sought to reconstruct the practices used in making the discovery claim, and found them at fault. This allowed them to suggest the repair of data and of data use practices, which were subsequently taken up by the scientists who had claimed the discovery. I argue that this work was enabled by astronomy’s discipline-specific architecture for observation, of which objectual, technological and institutional elements provide contexts and resources for achieving the reflexive repair of data and data use practices. These astronomers experience data journeys more as reflexive loopings in screen-mediated work than as itineraries across physical sites or geographies.
Changes in transfusion and fluid therapy practices in severely injured children: an analysis of 5118 children from the TraumaRegister DGU®
Authors: Piekarski Florian , Kaufmann Jost , Engelhardt Thomas , Raimann Florian J. , Lustenberger Thomas , Marzi Ingo , Lefering Rolf , Zacharowski Kai , Meybohm Patrick ,   TraumaRegister DGU
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Trauma is the leading cause of death in children. In adults, blood transfusion and fluid resuscitation protocols changed resulting in a decrease of morbidity and mortality over the past 2 decades. Here, transfusion and fluid resuscitation practices were analysed in severe injured children in Germany.

Methods
Severely injured children (maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) ≥ 3) admitted to a certified trauma-centre (TraumaZentrum DGU®) between 2002 and 2017 and registered at the TraumaRegister DGU® were included and assessed regarding blood transfusion rates and fluid therapy.

Results
5,118 children (aged 1–15 years) with a mean ISS 22 were analysed. Blood transfusion rates administered until ICU admission decreased from 18% (2002–2005) to 7% (2014–2017). Children who are transfused are increasingly seriously injured. ISS has increased for transfused children aged 1–15 years (2002–2005: mean 27.7–34.4 in 2014–2017). ISS in non-transfused children has decreased in children aged 1–15 years (2002–2005: mean 19.6 to mean 17.6 in 2014–2017). Mean prehospital fluid administration decreased from 980 to 549 ml without affecting hemodynamic instability.

Conclusion
Blood transfusion rates and amount of fluid resuscitation decreased in severe injured children over a 16-year period in Germany. Restrictive blood transfusion and fluid management has become common practice in severe injured children. A prehospital restrictive fluid management strategy in severely injured children is not associated with a worsened hemodynamic state, abnormal coagulation or base excess but leads to higher hemoglobin levels.
Analytical determination of the end-winding portion of the winding-to-rotor capacitance for the prediction of bearing voltage in electrical machines
Authors: Stockbrügger Jan Ole , Ponick Bernd 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe number of inverter-fed motors is increasing due to the good controllability of the motor and the meanwhile low acquisition costs. As a result of the discrete switching states of the power transistors, the average of the three output voltages of a two-level inverter is a common mode voltage, which differs from zero. The common mode voltage is impressed into the motor winding by the inverter, and an image of the common mode voltage is produced across the bearings via the winding-to-rotor capacitance. The voltage applied to the motor bearings can exceed the dielectric strength of the lubricating film of the bearings and lead to discharge currents resulting in damage to the motor bearings. The winding-to-rotor capacitance is composed of a slot and an end-winding portion. In this article, an analytical determination of the end-winding portion of the winding-to-rotor capacitance is presented, which, in addition to the rotor geometry, considers the influence of materials with different permittivities. The method is validated by means of FEM simulations for different geometries and materials.
Clinical features associated with the development of hydrocephalus following TBI in the paediatric age group
Authors: Ved Ronak , Fraser Rebecca , Hamadneh Sarah , Zaben Malik , Leach Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Predictive factors for post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) in adults have been elucidated but remain uncertain for children. We aimed to identify the prevalence of PTH in paediatric patients and identify clinical/radiological factors which may increase the probability of children developing PTH.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of all patients < 16 years old admitted to our unit with traumatic brain injury (TBI) between March 2013 and June 2018, 108 patients in total. Patients were classified as mild (13–15), moderate (9–12) or severe (3–8) TBI based on admission GCS. Three independent reviewers collected data from case notes. CT scans were reviewed for hydrocephalus using Evan’s index. Two-tailed Fisher’s exact tests with a p value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
Median patient age was 7 years, and 65% were males (n = 70). PTH wasn’t identified in any patients with mild/moderate TBI (n = 79). In cases of severe TBI (n = 29), three patients developed PTH requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunting (10%; p = 0.02). Radiological features which were significantly more common in the PTH group were intraventricular haemorrhage (p = 0.05) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (p = 0.03). There was also a trend towards a statistically significant association with subdural haematoma (p = 0.07). The need for other neurosurgical procedures, such as fracture elevation and craniotomy, did not increase the probability of developing with PTH (p = 0.08).

Discussion
The prevalence of PTH in our study is 2.7%. Factors which may be associated with a higher probability of developing PTH may include IVH, SAH, severity of TBI, and subdural haematoma. We propose a national prospective multicentre database of paediatric PTH. The data collected on prevalence, presentation, risk factors, and management could guide contemporary management and improve the outcomes of children with PTH.
Large-scale pathway specific polygenic risk and transcriptomic community network analysis identifies novel functional pathways in Parkinson disease
Authors: Bandres-Ciga S. , Saez-Atienzar S. , Kim J. J. , Makarious M. B. , Faghri F. , Diez-Fairen M. , Iwaki H. , Leonard H. , Botia J. , Ryten M. , Hernandez D. , Gibbs J. R. , Ding J. , Gan-Or Z. , Noyce A. , Pihlstrom L. , Torkamani A. , Soltis A. R. , Dalgard C. L. ,   The American Genome Center, Scholz S. W. , Traynor B. J. , Ehrlich D. , Scherzer C. R. , Bookman M. , Cookson M. , Blauwendraat C. , Nalls M. A. , Singleton A. B. ,   the International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium
Published: June 2020

Abstract Polygenic inheritance plays a central role in Parkinson disease (PD). A priority in elucidating PD etiology lies in defining the biological basis of genetic risk. Unraveling how risk leads to disruption will yield disease-modifying therapeutic targets that may be effective. Here, we utilized a high-throughput and hypothesis-free approach to determine biological processes underlying PD using the largest currently available cohorts of genetic and gene expression data from International Parkinson’s Disease Genetics Consortium (IPDGC) and the Accelerating Medicines Partnership-Parkinson’s disease initiative (AMP-PD), among other sources. We applied large-scale gene-set specific polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses to assess the role of common variation on PD risk focusing on publicly annotated gene sets representative of curated pathways. We nominated specific molecular sub-processes underlying protein misfolding and aggregation, post-translational protein modification, immune response, membrane and intracellular trafficking, lipid and vitamin metabolism, synaptic transmission, endosomal–lysosomal dysfunction, chromatin remodeling and apoptosis mediated by caspases among the main contributors to PD etiology. We assessed the impact of rare variation on PD risk in an independent cohort of whole-genome sequencing data and found evidence for a burden of rare damaging alleles in a range of processes, including neuronal transmission-related pathways and immune response. We explored enrichment linked to expression cell specificity patterns using single-cell gene expression data and demonstrated a significant risk pattern for dopaminergic neurons, serotonergic neurons, hypothalamic GABAergic neurons, and neural progenitors. Subsequently, we created a novel way of building de novo pathways by constructing a network expression community map using transcriptomic data derived from the blood of PD patients, which revealed functional enrichment in inflammatory signaling pathways, cell death machinery related processes, and dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Our analyses highlight several specific promising pathways and genes for functional prioritization and provide a cellular context in which such work should be done.