bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and roles of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific antibodies in patients with different severities of coronavirus 19
Authors: Huang Z , Chen H , Xue M , Huang H , Zheng P , Luo W , Liang X , Sun B , Zhong N 
Published: July 2020

Summary
The diagnosis of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) relies mainly upon viral nucleic acid detection, but false negatives can lead to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibody detection is convenient, safe and highly sensitive. Immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG are commonly used to serologically diagnose COVID-19; however, the role of IgA is not well known. We aimed to quantify the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies, identify changes in them based on COVID-19 severity, and establish the significance of combined antibody detection. COVID-19 patients, divided into a severe and critical group and a moderate group, and non-COVID-19 patients with respiratory disease were included in this study. A chemiluminescence method was used to detect the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgA and IgG in the blood samples from the three groups. Epidemiological characteristics, symptoms, blood test results and other data were recorded for all patients. Compared to the traditional IgM–IgG combined antibodies, IgA–IgG combined antibodies are more effective for diagnosing COVID-19. During the disease process, IgA appeared first and disappeared last. All three antibodies had significantly higher levels in COVID-19 patients than in non-COVID-19 patients. IgA and IgG were also higher for severe and critical disease than for moderate disease. All antibodies were at or near low levels at the time of tracheal extubation in critical patients. Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific combined IgA–IgG antibodies is advantageous in diagnosing COVID-19. IgA detection is suitable during early and late stages of the disease. IgA and IgG levels correspond to disease severity.
Enhancing synergies between action on ocean acidification and the post‐2020 global biodiversity framework
Authors: Harrould‐Kolieb Ellycia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOcean acidification is a substantial emergent threat to marine biodiversity and the goods and services it provides. Although efforts to address ocean acidification have been taken under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), a far greater potential to do so exists by finding synergies between biodiversity conservation efforts and ocean acidification action. The ongoing process to develop a post‐2020 global biodiversity framework offers an opportunity to ensure that opportunities for addressing ocean acidification are capitalized on and not overlooked. I argue that to achieve this, the following are needed: a technical integration of ocean acidification across the targets to be included in the post‐2020 framework and a reframing of the issue as a biodiversity problem so as to highlight the synergies between existing biodiversity work and action needed to address ocean acidification. Given that the post‐2020 framework is intended to establish the global biodiversity agenda for the coming decades, integration of ocean acidification will set a precedent for the other biodiversity‐related conventions and encourage greater uptake of the issue across the wider international community. My approach is of direct relevance to those participating in the negotiations, both from a CBD Party perspective and the perspective of those advocating for a strong outcome to protect marine biodiversity and marine socioecological systems. My discussion of framing is relevant to those working beyond the CBD within other biodiversity‐related conventions in which goals to address ocean acidification are sorely lacking.
Ligand‐targeted polymerase chain reaction for the detection of folate receptor‐positive circulating tumour cells as a potential diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Cheng Hao , He Wei , Yang Jun , Ye Qing , Cheng Lu , Pan Yiming , Mao Liang , Chu Xuehui , Lu Chenglin , Li Gang , Qiu Yudong , He Jian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo detect folate receptor (FR)‐positive circulating tumour cells (FR+ CTCs) by using ligand‐targeted polymerase chain reaction (LT‐PCR) in periampullary cancer patients and to investigate the diagnostic value of FR+ CTCs in distinguishing pancreatic cancer (PC) from benign pancreatic disease.Materials and MethodsCTCs were enriched from 3 mL of peripheral blood and portal vein blood by immunomagnetic depletion of leucocytes and were then detected by LT‐PCR. The diagnostic performance of FR+ CTCs in PC was investigated by receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsIn total, 57 consecutive patients, including 46 patients with PC, five patients with non‐pancreatic periampullary cancer (non‐PC) and six patients with benign pancreatic diseases, were enrolled. FR+ CTC levels were significantly higher in patients with malignant diseases (PC and non‐PC) than in patients with benign pancreatic diseases (P < .01). There was no notable difference in CTC levels between patients with PC and those with non‐PC (P > .05). The combination of FR+ CTCs with carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) had better diagnostic efficiency than each of these two markers alone, with high sensitivity (97.8%) and specificity (83.3%).ConclusionsLT‐PCR is feasible and reliable for detecting FR+ CTCs in patients with periampullary cancer. FR+ CTCs, especially when used in combination with CA19‐9, have potential as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PC.
MAM domain containing 2 is a potential breast cancer biomarker that exhibits tumour‐suppressive activity
Authors: Lee Hyeonhee , Park Bum‐Chan , Soon Kang Jong , Cheon Yeongmi , Lee Soojin , Jae Maeng Pil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to discover new potential biomarkers of breast cancer and investigate their cellular functions.Materials and methodsWe analysed the gene expression profiles of matched pairs of breast tumour and normal tissues from 24 breast cancer patients. Tetracycline‐inducible MAMDC2 expression system was established and used to evaluate cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. MAMDC2‐mediated signalling was determined using immunoblot analysis.ResultsWe identified MAMDC2 as a down‐regulated gene showing significant prognostic capability. Overexpression of MAMDC2 or treatment with MAMDC2‐containing culture medium significantly inhibited the cell proliferation of T‐47D cells. Furthermore, MAMDC2 expression reduced in vivo growth of T‐47D xenograft tumours. MAMDC2 may exert its growth‐inhibitory functions by attenuating the MAPK signalling pathway.ConclusionWe report that MAMDC2 has a tumour‐suppressive role and, as a secretory protein, it might be useful as a biomarker for breast cancer treatment.
Follow‐up after hemodynamically not tolerated ventricular tachycardia in patients with midrange reduced to normal ejection fraction: A retrospective single‐centre case series
Authors: Groeneveld Sanne A. , Blom Lennart J. , van der Heijden Jeroen F. , Loh Peter , Hassink Rutger J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe benefit of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) implantation in patients with hemodynamically not tolerated ventricular tachycardia (VT) and midrange reduced to normal ejection fraction (LVEF >35%) is currently unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate follow‐up after hemodynamically not tolerated VT in patients with LVEF >35%. In addition, we aimed to find possible predictive factors to identify who will benefit from ICD implantation.MethodsIn a retrospective single‐centre case series, all patients with hemodynamically not tolerated VT and LVEF >35% that underwent electrophysiological study (EPS) and/or radiofrequency VT ablation were included.ResultsForty‐two patients (5 women, median age 68 years) with hemodynamically not tolerated VT and LVEF >35% underwent EPS. VT ablation was performed in thirty‐one patients, which was considered successful in twenty‐three patients. Nineteen patients had an ICD at discharge while 23 patients were discharged without an ICD. The severity of hemodynamic compromise, LVEF and ablation success played an important role in the decision‐making for ICD implantation. Six patients (14.3%) had recurrence of VT, all hemodynamically tolerated.ConclusionsIn this small case series, patients with hemodynamically not tolerated VT and LVEF >35% had a relatively low recurrence rate and all recurrences were nonfatal. Based on our results, we hypothesize that the severity of hemodynamic compromise, LVEF and ablation success might modify the risk for VA recurrence. A prospective study to determine the prognostic value of these factors in patients with hemodynamically not tolerated VT and LVEF >35% is necessary.
Lenalidomide as maintenance treatment for patients with multiple myeloma after autologous stem cell transplantation: A pharmaco‐economic assessment
Authors: Uyl‐de Groot Carin A. , Ramsden Rachel , Lee Dawn , Boersma Janneke , Zweegman Sonja , Dhanasiri Sujith 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveAutologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has improved progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival in eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM); however, relapse occurs. Maintenance therapy with lenalidomide (Len‐Mt) extends survival and delays relapse and the subsequent initiation of costly second‐line regimens. Here, we report the cost‐effectiveness of Len‐Mt following ASCT from a Dutch healthcare service perspective.MethodsA partitioned survival model was developed to assess the lifetime costs and benefits for patients with NDMM. Efficacy was taken from a pooled meta‐analysis of clinical trial data. Costs and subsequent therapy data were taken from sources appropriate for the Dutch market.ResultsLenalidomide produced a quality‐adjusted life year gain of 2.46 and a life year gain of 2.79 vs no maintenance treatment. The cost of lenalidomide was partially offset by savings of EUR 77 462 in subsequent treatment costs. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of Len‐Mt vs no maintenance treatment was EUR 30 143. Key model drivers included subsequent therapies, dosing schedule, and time horizon.ConclusionLenalidomide is cost‐effective after ASCT vs no maintenance therapy in the Netherlands. By extending PFS, lenalidomide delays the cost burdens associated with relapse and subsequent treatment lines.
Seasonal changes of soil carbon fractions and enzyme activities in response to winter cover crops under long‐term rotation and tillage systems
Authors: Singh Jasdeep , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantifying changes in soil biochemical properties is important in understanding the response to soil management practices. Our objectives were to evaluate the single and combined effects of three different crop rotations (maize (Zea mays)‐soybean (Glycine max) (2 years), maize‐soybean‐oat (Avena sativa) (3 years), maize‐soybean‐oat‐winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) (4 years)), and two winter cover‐type (cover crop and no cover crop) managements under long‐term conventional‐till (CT) and no‐till (NT) systems on water‐extractable carbon and nitrogen fractions, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and enzymatic activities. The experimental site under silty clay loam in southeastern South Dakota was sampled before planting in early spring, after planting in early summer, and during the maize grain‐filling stage in early autumn of 2017, from the surface 0–7.5‐cm depth in 2017. In general, the cover crops had 9, 17 and 19% higher geometric mean of enzyme activities than the no‐cover‐crop plots at pre‐planting, after planting and the grain‐filling stage of maize, respectively. Although there were not many differences between “NT vs. CT” and “2‐year vs. 3‐year vs. 4‐year rotation” treatments, additive effects between “tillage and cover crops” and “rotation and cover crops” were observed. The MBC and β‐glucosidase activity were 31 and 54% higher, respectively, with cover crop vs. no cover crop under 4‐year rotation after planting of maize. Similarly, significant interactions between “cover crop and tillage” for hot water‐extractable nitrogen and urease activity at pre‐planting, and β‐D‐glucosidase after planting of maize, were observed. At the grain‐filling stage, the hot water‐extractable contents were significantly greater under cover crop as compared to the no‐cover‐crop plots. Furthermore, this study also concluded that seasonal fluctuations are important for understanding the management impacts on soil carbon fractions and biochemical properties.HighlightsSoil microbial properties responded differently to tillage, rotation and cover crops during the maize growing season.Residues produced by cover crops during winter fallow impacted soil functioning and interacted with other management factors (rotation and tillage system).Rotation impacted the carbon availability after planting, whereas tillage affected the enzyme activities.Winter cover crops influenced labile soil organic matter (SOM) and enzymatic properties after 4 years.
The evolution of metapopulation dynamics and the number of stem cells in intestinal crypts and other tissue structures in multicellular bodies
Authors: Birtwell David , Luebeck Georg , Maley Carlo C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCarcinogenesis is a process of somatic evolution. Previous models of stem and transient amplifying cells in epithelial proliferating units like colonic crypts showed that intermediate numbers of stem cells in a crypt should optimally prevent progression to cancer. If a stem cell population is too small, it is easy for a mutator mutation to drift to fixation. If it is too large, it is easy for selection to drive cell fitness enhancing carcinogenic mutations to fixation. Here, we show that a multiscale microsimulation, that captures both within‐crypt and between‐crypt evolutionary dynamics, leads to a different conclusion. Epithelial tissues are metapopulations of crypts. We measured time to initiation of a neoplasm, implemented as inactivation of both alleles of a tumor suppressor gene. In our model, time to initiation is dependent on the spread of mutator clones in the crypts. The proportion of selectively beneficial and deleterious mutations in somatic cells is unknown and so was explored with a parameter. When the majority of non‐neutral mutations are deleterious, the fitness of mutator clones tends to decline. When crypts are maintained by few stem cells, intercrypt competition tends to remove crypts with fixed mutators. When there are many stem cells within a crypt, there is virtually no crypt turnover, but mutator clones are suppressed by within‐crypt competition. If the majority of non‐neutral mutations are beneficial to the clone, then these results are reversed and intermediate‐sized crypts provide the most protection against initiation. These results highlight the need to understand the dynamics of turnover and the mechanisms that control homeostasis, both at the level of stem cells within proliferative units and at the tissue level of competing proliferative units. Determining the distribution of fitness effects of somatic mutations will also be crucial to understanding the dynamics of tumor initiation and progression.
Innate chemical, but not visual, threat cues have been co‐opted as unconditioned stimulus for social fear learning in zebrafish
Authors: Pinho Julia S. , Castilho Marisa , Sollari Joao S. , Oliveira Rui F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnimals can use social information to detect threat in the environment. In particular, social learning allows animals to learn about dangers without incurring in the costs of trial‐and‐error learning. In zebrafish, both chemical and visual social cues elicit an innate alarm response, which consists of erratic movement followed by freezing behavior. Injured zebrafish release an alarm substance from their skin that elicits the alarm response. Similarly, the sight of conspecifics displaying the alarm response can also elicit the expression of this response in observers. In this study, we investigated if these social cues of danger can also be used by zebrafish as unconditioned stimulus (US) in learning. We found that only the chemical cue was effective in the social fear conditioning. We suggest that this differential efficacy of social cues results from the fact that the alarm cue is a more reliable indicator of threat, than the sight of an alarmed conspecific. Therefore, although multiple social cues may elicit innate responses not all have been evolutionarily co‐opted to act as US in associative learning. Furthermore, the use of the expression of the immediate early genes as markers of neuronal activity showed that chemical social fear conditioning is paralleled by a differential activation of the olfactory bulbs and by a different pattern of functional connectivity across brain regions involved in olfactory processing.
Why geographic data science is not a science
Authors: Scheider Simon , Nyamsuren Enkhbold , Kruiger Han , Xu Haiqi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract“Data Science” has taken many disciplines by storm. And for a good reason: New forms and unseen quantities of data enter nearly every scientific field, substantially changing the ways how scientists do science, and potentially allowing them to answer old questions or to pose them in novel ways. The recent success of Data Science is also reflected in corresponding study programs and curricula and the emergence of specialized branches, such as Geographic Data Science (GDS). Some researchers, therefore, claim that Data Science and GDS should be treated as autonomous scientific disciplines, while others fear that it sells nothing but old wine in new bottles. In an attempt to sober the discussion, we investigate GDS and Data Science from the perspective of meta‐science. We provide arguments why today's GDS and Data Science should be seen as an interdisciplinary community of practice of data‐driven scientists, rather than a scientific discipline. We also discuss what is missing for GDS and Data Science to become genuine scientific disciplines.
Impact of early rapid weight gain on odds for overweight at one year differs between breastfed and formula‐fed infants
Authors: Trabulsi Jillian C. , Smethers Alissa D. , Eosso Jessica R. , Papas Mia A. , Stallings Virginia A. , Mennella Julie A. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundEarly rapid weight gain (RWG) increases, whereas longer durations of breastfeeding decreases, odds for later obesity.ObjectivesTo determine the independent and interactive effects of early weight gain and diet on infant weight status trajectories and odds for overweight at 1 year.MethodsWe conducted secondary analysis on data from two longitudinal trials with repeated anthropometric measures. One trial consisted of predominantly or exclusively breastfed (BF, n = 97) infants, whereas the other consisted of exclusively formula‐fed (FF, n = 113) infants. Weight‐for‐length z‐score (WLZ) change from 0.5 to 4.5 months was used to categorize early weight gain as slow (<−0.67; SWG), normal (−0.67 to 0.67; NWG) or rapid (>0.67; RWG). Linear‐mixed effects models were fit to examine the independent effects and interaction of early diet (BF, FF) and weight gain (SWG, NWG, RWG) groups on WLZ trajectories; logistic regression was used to assess odds for overweight at 1 year.ResultsWhile similar percentages (41%) of BF and FF infants experienced RWG, we found a significant diet × early weight gain group interaction (P < .001) on weight status. At 1 year, the WLZ of FF infants with RWG (1.57 ± 0.99) was twice that of BF infants with RWG (0.83 ± 0.92). Using BF infants with NWG as the reference group, FF infants with RWG had increased odds [OR: 25.3 (95% CI: 3.21, 199.7)] for overweight at 1 year, whereas BF infants with RWG did not.ConclusionsEarly diet interacts with early weight gain and influences weight status trajectories and overweight risk at 1 year.
Influenza A (H3) illness and viral aerosol shedding from symptomatic naturally infected and experimentally infected cases
Authors: Bueno de Mesquita Paul Jacob , Nguyen‐Van‐Tam Jonathan , Killingley Ben , Enstone Joanne , Lambkin‐Williams Robert , Gilbert Anthony S. , Mann Alexander , Forni John , Yan Jing , Pantelic Jovan , Grantham Michael L. , Milton Donald K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt has long been known that nasal inoculation with influenza A virus produces asymptomatic to febrile infections. Uncertainty persists about whether these infections are sufficiently similar to natural infections for studying human‐to‐human transmission.MethodsWe compared influenza A viral aerosol shedding from volunteers nasally inoculated with A/Wisconsin/2005 (H3N2) and college community adults naturally infected with influenza A/H3N2 (2012‐2013), selected for influenza‐like illness with objectively measured fever or a positive Quidel QuickVue A&B test. Propensity scores were used to control for differences in symptom presentation observed between experimentally and naturally infected groups.ResultsEleven (28%) experimental and 71 (86%) natural cases shed into fine particle aerosols (P < .001). The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) for viral positive fine aerosol samples from experimental and natural cases was 5.1E + 3 (4.72) and 3.9E + 4 (15.12) RNA copies/half hour, respectively. The 95th percentile shedding rate was 2.4 log10 greater for naturally infected cases (1.4E + 07 vs 7.4E + 04). Certain influenza‐like illness‐related symptoms were associated with viral aerosol shedding. The almost complete lack of symptom severity distributional overlap between groups did not support propensity score–adjusted shedding comparisons.ConclusionsDue to selection bias, the natural and experimental infections had limited symptom severity distributional overlap precluding valid, propensity score–adjusted comparison. Relative to the symptomatic naturally infected cases, where high aerosol shedders were found, experimental cases did not produce high aerosol shedders. Studying the frequency of aerosol shedding at the highest observed levels in natural infections without selection on symptoms or fever would support helpful comparisons.
Rapid quantification of coliforms in ready‐to‐eat foods using lateral‐flow immunochromatographic assay
Authors: Tominaga Tatsuya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe degree of coliform contamination in pastries was estimated based on culturing times until positive results were obtained with the lateral‐flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA). Coliform genera Citrobacter, Cronobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Pantoea, Raoultella, and Serratia were detected in spoiled pastries, as established with next‐generation sequencing. A lateral‐flow test strip was constructed using antibodies recognizing the above genera. The culture times required for positive detection with LFIA were 0, 3, 6, and 9 hr at initial inoculation concentrations of 3.8, 2.8, 1.8, and 0.8 log10 (cfu/ml), respectively. In pastries contaminated with >5.0, 3.0–5.0, 2.0–3.0 log10 (cfu/g) coliform bacteria, samples became LFIA‐positive from 3, 6, and 9 hr culture, respectively. LFIA showed negative for pastries with <2.0 log10 (cfu/g) coliform contamination. The quantitative category of initial coliform content before culture was predictable with 87% accuracy. This novel method can be applied to monitor food safety of other ready‐to‐eat consumables.