bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knocker Ups: A Social History of Waking Up in Victorian Britain’s Industrial Towns
Authors: Datta Arunima 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the everyday history of one of the groups of auxiliary workers in industrial towns of Britain during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Drawing primarily from journal and newspaper records, this paper examines the work of knocker ups and the ways in which they became intimately tied to the lives of industries and primary industry workers. The paper then focuses on how knocker ups became highly influential in industrial towns through the multifarious jobs they performed – sometimes knowingly and sometimes less consciously. In so doing, this paper challenges the prevailing notion that auxiliaries merely served their primary clients by waking them up, and re-visualizes the position of knocker ups in industrial towns not as mere auxiliaries but as crucial contributors to social, political and economic life as well as partners in law enforcement in a broad variety of circumstances. The findings suggest a need to revise long-standing views of labour in industrial Britain.
Arabidopsis NUCLEAR FACTOR Y A8 inhibits the juvenile-to-adult transition by activating transcription of MIR156s
Authors: Zhao Hang , Lin Ke , Ma Lin , Chen Qingshuai , Gan Shuo , Li Gang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVegetative (juvenile-to-adult) and flowering (vegetative-to-reproductive) phase changes are crucial in the life cycle of higher plants. MicroRNA156 (miR156) and its target SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) genes are master regulators that determine vegetative phase changes. The miR156 level gradually declines as a plant ages and its expression is rapidly repressed by sugar. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of transcriptional regulation of the MIR156 gene remains largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis NUCLEAR FACTOR Y A8 (NF-YA8) binds directly to CCAAT cis-elements in the promoters of multiple MIR156 genes, thus activating their transcription and inhibiting the juvenile-to-adult transition. NF-YA8 was highly expressed in juvenile-stage leaves, and significantly repressed with developmental age and by sugar signals. Our results suggest that NF-YA8 acts as a signaling hub, integrating internal developmental age and sugar signals to regulate the transcription of MIR156s, thus affecting the juvenile-to-adult and flowering transitions.
Cysteine protease RD21A regulated by E3 ligase SINAT4 is required for drought-induced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Kunru , Cheng Qiang , Kong Danyu , Zhang Xunzhong , Wang Zhibo , Wang Qian , Xie Qi , Yan Jijun , Chu Jinfang , Ling Hong-Qing , Li Qi , Miao Jiamin , Zhao Bingyu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Plants can be simultaneously exposed to multiple stresses. The interplay of abiotic and biotic stresses may result in synergistic or antagonistic effects on plant development and health. Temporary drought stress can stimulate plant immunity; however, the molecular mechanism of drought-induced immunity is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that cysteine protease RD21A is required for drought-induced immunity. Temporarily drought-treated wild-type Arabidopsis plants became more sensitive to the bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern flg22, triggering stomatal closure, which resulted in increased resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst-DC3000). Knocking out rd21a inhibited flg22-triggered stomatal closure and compromised the drought-induced immunity. Ubiquitin E3 ligase SINAT4 interacted with RD21A and promoted its degradation in vivo. The overexpression of SINAT4 also consistently compromised the drought-induced immunity to Pst-DC3000. A bacterial type III effector, AvrRxo1, interacted with both SINAT4 and RD21A, enhancing SINAT4 activity and promoting the degradation of RD21A in vivo. Therefore, RD21A could be a positive regulator of drought-induced immunity, which could be targeted by pathogen virulence effectors during pathogenesis.
Class I TCP transcription factors regulate trichome branching and cuticle development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Camoirano Alejandra , Arce Agustín L , Ariel Federico D , Alem Antonela L , Gonzalez Daniel H , Viola Ivana L 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTrichomes and the cuticle are two specialized structures of the aerial epidermis that are important for plant organ development and interaction with the environment. In this study, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana plants affected in the function of the class I TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, PCF (TCP) transcription factors TCP14 and TCP15 show overbranched trichomes in leaves and stems and increased cuticle permeability. We found that TCP15 regulates the expression of MYB106, a MIXTA-like transcription factor involved in epidermal cell and cuticle development, and overexpression of MYB106 in a tcp14 tcp15 mutant reduces trichome branch number. TCP14 and TCP15 are also required for the expression of the cuticle biosynthesis genes CYP86A4, GPAT6, and CUS2, and of SHN1 and SHN2, two AP2/EREBP transcription factors required for cutin and wax biosynthesis. SHN1 and CUS2 are also targets of TCP15, indicating that class I TCPs influence cuticle formation acting at different levels, through the regulation of MIXTA-like and SHN transcription factors and of cuticle biosynthesis genes. Our study indicates that class I TCPs are coordinators of the regulatory network involved in trichome and cuticle development.
PLATZ2 negatively regulates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis seedlings by directly suppressing the expression of the CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8 genes
Authors: Liu Shasha , Yang Rui , Liu Miao , Zhang Shizhong , Yan Kang , Yang Guodong , Huang Jinguang , Zheng Chengchao , Wu Changai 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Although the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway plays essential roles in conferring salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, the regulatory mechanism underlying SOS gene expression remains largely unclear. In this study, AtPLATZ2 was found to function as a direct transcriptional suppressor of CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8 in the Arabidopsis salt stress response. Compared with wild-type plants, transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing AtPLATZ2 exhibited increased sensitivity to salt stress. Loss of function of PLATZ2 had no observed salt stress phenotype in Arabidopsis, while the double mutant of PLATZ2 and PLATZ7 led to weaker salt stress tolerance than wild-type plants. Overexpression of AtPLATZ2 in transgenic plants decreased the expression of CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8 under both normal and saline conditions. AtPLATZ2 directly bound to A/T-rich sequences in the CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8 promoters in vitro and in vivo, and inhibited CBL4/SOS3 promoter activity in the plant leaves. The salt sensitivity of #11 plants constitutively overexpressing AtPLATZ2 was restored by the overexpression of CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8. Salt stress-induced Na+ accumulation in both the shoots and roots was more exaggerated in AtPLATZ2-overexpressing plants than in the wild type. The salt stress-induced Na+ accumulation in #11 seedlings was also rescued by the overexpression of CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8. Furthermore, the transcription of AtPLATZ2 was induced in response to salt stress. Collectively, these results suggest that AtPLATZ2 suppresses plant salt tolerance by directly inhibiting CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8, and functions redundantly with PLATZ7.
The ABC transporter G subfamily in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Gräfe Katharina , Schmitt Lutz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
ABC transporters are ubiquitously present in all kingdoms and mediate the transport of a large spectrum of structurally different compounds. Plants possess high numbers of ABC transporters in relation to other eukaryotes; the ABCG subfamily in particular is extensive. Earlier studies demonstrated that ABCG transporters are involved in important processes influencing plant fitness. This review summarizes the functions of ABCG transporters present in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These transporters take part in diverse processes such as pathogen response, diffusion barrier formation, or phytohormone transport. Studies involving knockout mutations reported pleiotropic phenotypes of the mutants. In some cases, different physiological roles were assigned to the same protein. The actual transported substrate(s), however, still remain to be determined for the majority of ABCG transporters. Additionally, the proposed substrate spectrum of different ABCG proteins is not always reflected by sequence identities between ABCG members. Applying only reverse genetics is thereby insufficient to clearly identify the substrate(s). We therefore stress the importance of in vitro studies in addition to in vivo studies in order to (i) clarify the substrate identity; (ii) determine the transport characteristics including directionality; and (iii) identify dimerization partners of the half-size proteins, which might in turn affect substrate specificity.
CHROMagarTM Candida Plus: A novel chromogenic agar that permits the rapid identification of Candida auris
Authors: Borman Andrew M , Fraser Mark , Johnson Elizabeth M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Candida auris is a serious nosocomial health risk, with widespread outbreaks in hospitals worldwide. Successful management of such outbreaks has depended upon intensive screening of patients to identify those that are colonized and the subsequent isolation or cohorting of affected patients to prevent onward transmission. Here we describe the evaluation of a novel chromogenic agar, CHROMagarTM Candida Plus, for the specific identification of Candida auris isolates from patient samples. Candida auris colonies on CHROMagarTM Candida Plus are pale cream with a distinctive blue halo that diffuses into the surrounding agar. Of over 50 different species of Candida and related genera that were cultured in parallel, only the vanishingly rare species Candida diddensiae gave a similar appearance. Moreover, both the rate of growth and number of colonies of C. auris recovered from swabs of pure and mixed Candida species were substantially increased on CHROMagarTM Candida Plus agar when compared with growth on the traditional mycological isolation medium, Sabouraud dextrose agar. Taken together, the present data suggest that CHROMagarTM Candida Plus agar is an excellent alternative to current conventional mycological media for the screening of patients who are potentially colonized/infected with Candida auris, can be reliably used to identify this emerging fungal pathogen, and should be tested in a clinical setting.

Lay Abstract
Candida auris is a novel pathogenic yeast that has been associated with large hospital outbreaks across several continents. Affected patients become colonized, predominantly on the skin, with large quantities of C. auris which they then shed into the hospital environment. Identification of C. auris is challenging using routine laboratory methods, and time consuming when patients are colonized with a mixture of different Candida species. Here we demonstrate that a novel chromogenic agar, CHROMagarTM Candida Plus, permits the rapid differentiation of C. auris from a wide range of other yeast species and is potentially ideally suited to screening of patients that are suspected of being colonized or infected with this medically important yeast.
Effects of dark matter on the nuclear and neutron star matter
Authors: Das H C , Kumar Ankit , Kumar Bharat , Biswal S K , Nakatsukasa Takashi , Li Ang , Patra S K 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the dark matter (DM) effects on the nuclear matter (NM) parameters characterizing the equation of states of super dense neutron-rich nucleonic matter. The observables of the NM, i.e. incompressibility, symmetry energy and its higher order derivatives in the presence DM for symmetric and asymmetric NM are analysed with the help of an extended relativistic mean field model. The calculations are also extended to β-stable matter to explore the properties of the neutron star (NS). We analyse the DM effects on symmetric NM, pure neutron matter, and NS using NL3, G3, and IOPB-I forces. The binding energy per particle and pressure is calculated with and without considering the DM interaction with the NM systems. The influences of DM are also analysed on the symmetry energy and its different coefficients. The incompressibility and the skewness parameters are affected considerably due to the presence of DM in the NM medium. We extend the calculations to the NS and find its mass, radius and the moment of inertia for static and rotating NS with and without DM contribution. The mass of the rotating NS is considerably changing due to rapid rotation with the frequency in the mass-shedding limit. The effects of DM are found to be important for some of the NM parameters, which are crucial for the properties of astrophysical objects.
Solar System limits on gravitational dipoles
Authors: Banik Indranil , Kroupa Pavel 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The gravitational dipole theory of Hadjukovic (2010) is based on the hypothesis that antimatter has a negative gravitational mass and thus falls upwards on the Earth. Astrophysically, the model is similar to but more fundamental than Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), with the Newtonian gravity $g_{_\mathrm{ N}}$ towards an isolated point mass boosted by the factor $\nu = 1 + \left(\alpha /x \right) \tanh \left(\sqrt{x}/\alpha \right)$, where $x \equiv g_{_\mathrm{ N}}/a_{_0}$ and $a_{_0} = 1.2 \times 10^{-10}$ m s−2 is the MOND acceleration constant. We show that α must lie in the range 0.4–1 to acceptably fit galaxy rotation curves. In the Solar System, this interpolating function implies an extra Sunwards acceleration of ${\alpha a_{_0}}$. This would cause Saturn to deviate from Newtonian expectations by 7000(α/0.4) km over 15 yr, starting from known initial position and velocity on a near-circular orbit. We demonstrate that this prediction should not be significantly altered by the postulated dipole haloes of other planets due to the rather small region in which each planet’s gravity dominates over that of the Sun. The orbit of Saturn should similarly be little affected by a possible ninth planet in the outer Solar System and by the Galactic gravity causing a non-spherical distribution of gravitational dipoles several kAU from the Sun. Radio tracking of the Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn yields a 5σ upper limit of 160 m on deviations from its conventionally calculated trajectory. These measurements imply a much more stringent upper limit on α than the minimum required for consistency with rotation curve data. Therefore, no value of α can simultaneously match all available constraints, falsifying the gravitational dipole theory in its current form at extremely high significance.
Xrn1p acts at multiple steps in the budding-yeast RNAi pathway to enhance the efficiency of silencing
Authors: Getz Matthew A , Weinberg David E , Drinnenberg Ines A , Fink Gerald R , Bartel David P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene-silencing pathway that can play roles in viral defense, transposon silencing, heterochromatin formation and post-transcriptional gene silencing. Although absent from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RNAi is present in other budding-yeast species, including Naumovozyma castellii, which have an unusual Dicer and a conventional Argonaute that are both required for gene silencing. To identify other factors that act in the budding-yeast pathway, we performed an unbiased genetic selection. This selection identified Xrn1p, the cytoplasmic 5′-to-3′ exoribonuclease, as a cofactor of RNAi in budding yeast. Deletion of XRN1 impaired gene silencing in N. castellii, and this impaired silencing was attributable to multiple functions of Xrn1p, including affecting the composition of siRNA species in the cell, influencing the efficiency of siRNA loading into Argonaute, degradation of cleaved passenger strand and degradation of sliced target RNA.
Initial Views and Experiences of Vaping in Prisons: A Qualitative Study With People in Custody Preparing for the Imminent Implementation of Scotland’s Prison Smokefree Policy
Authors: Brown Ashley , O’Donnell Rachel , Eadie Douglas , Purves Richard , Sweeting Helen , Ford Allison , Bauld Linda , Hunt Kate 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Scotland is one of the few countries in which e-cigarettes were available in prisons before the introduction of a comprehensive national smokefree policy, to assist in its implementation. This qualitative study explores the initial views and experiences of vaping in this specific context, from the perspective of people in custody (prisoners).

Aims and Methods
Twenty-eight people in custody were interviewed approximately 1–2 months after rechargeable e-cigarettes were made available in prisons and 2–5 weeks before implementation of a smokefree policy. Data were thematically analyzed to identify the range and diversity of views and experiences.

Results
Participants expressed support for e-cigarettes in preparation for the smokefree policy, describing their symbolic and practical value in this context. Uptake of vaping was strongly influenced by the need for participants to manage without tobacco in the near future. Participants evaluated their initial vaping experiences, either positively or negatively, in relation to the utility of e-cigarettes for mandated smoking abstinence and in providing satisfaction, pleasure, and novelty. Participant views on several issues related to e-cigarette use, both specific to the prison population (product choice and cost) and more generally (safety and long-term use), are explored.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest possible benefits of e-cigarettes as one means of supporting smokefree policy in a population with many smokers. They also point to potential challenges posed by vaping in prisons and smokefree settings caring for similar populations. There is a need for ongoing measures to maximize the health benefits of smokefree settings and for further research on vaping in situations of enforced abstinence.

Implications
To our knowledge, no published studies have explored views and experiences of vaping in prison, when rechargeable vapes were new and the removal of tobacco was imminent. The results can inform tobacco control policy choices, planning and implementation in prisons and similar settings. In prison systems that permitting vaping, it is important that other measures (eg, information campaigns and nicotine dependence services) are implemented concurrently to minimize potential risks to the health or personal finances of people in custody.
Engaging Patients and Caregivers in a Transdisciplinary Effort to Improve Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Keller Sara C , Tamma Pranita , Salinas Alejandra , Williams Deborah , Cosgrove Sara E , Gurses Ayse P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We worked with patients, caregivers, and healthcare workers to prioritize barriers and propose solutions to outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) care. Unclear communication channels, rushed instruction, safe bathing with an intravenous catheter, and lack of standardized instructions were highly ranked barriers. Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy programs should focus on mitigating barriers to OPAT care.
Racism at the End of White Christian America
Authors: Norris Kristopher 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 1 engages in social analysis to outline the current racial landscape in churches in the United States. Beginning with our current political and religious moment, it addresses and defines the many layers to the problem of whiteness. Drawing on the work of James Baldwin, womanist theology, and contemporary sociology, this chapter describes whiteness as a process of social and identity formation currently experiencing a crisis of legitimation. This current legitimation crisis has precipitated the phenomenon of colorblindness, which leads white people to see our interests and perspectives as universal, blinds us to our epistemological limitations, and leads to a posture of defensiveness and fragility. The chapter concludes by arguing that whiteness presents itself as a “wicked problem” with no identifiable solution.
The Natural History and Cultural History of La Source, 1866
Authors: McCarren Felicia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
At its debut in 1866, La Source already had it all: dagger-wielding Muslims dominating veiled women, a flower promising hybridity in a green ecology, and the death of the white spirit, the Source, recuperated as a force for regeneration. In the ballet’s botany, and its cultural thermodynamics, the plot becomes a fable of science and the performance its demonstration.
Decoding Dyslexia
Authors: Berent Iris 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cognitive brain disorders, such as dyslexia, also come in for their fair share of misconceptions, and this is the case among laypeople, policymakers, and even teachers. But oddly, the misconceptions surrounding disorders affecting “cold” cognition are the mirror images of our errors in reasoning about psychiatric disorders that we associate with “warm” emotions. We are all too eager to assume that major depression is innate, controlled by the material brain and out of the patients’ hands; for dyslexia, we incorrectly assume the opposite—that it is “just” “in our mind” (not in our brain and genes). Chapter 13 explains how reading works and what dyslexia really is, and it shows how our misconceptions about it arise from Dualism and Essentialism.
The Beethoven Syndrome
Authors: Bonds Mark Evan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The “Beethoven syndrome” is the inclination of listeners to hear music as the projection of a composer’s inner self. Beethoven’s music was a catalyst for this change, but only in retrospect, for it was not until after his death that listeners began to hear composers in general—not just Beethoven—in their works, particularly in their instrumental music. The Beethoven Syndrome: Hearing Music as Autobiography traces the rise, fall, and persistence of this mode of listening from the middle of the eighteenth century to the present. Prior to 1830, composers and audiences alike operated within a framework of rhetoric, in which the burden of intelligibility lay squarely on the composer, whose task it was to move listeners in a calculated way. Expression was thought of as an objective construct with a purpose. But through a confluence of musical, philosophical, social, and economic changes, the framework of rhetoric gave way to a framework of hermeneutics. Under the paradigm of expressive subjectivity, concert-goers no longer perceived composers as orators but as oracles to be deciphered. The aesthetics of “New Objectivity” around 1920 marked a return not only to certain stylistic features of eighteenth-century music but to the earlier concept of expression itself. Objectivity would go on to become the cornerstone of the high-modernist aesthetic that dominated the century’s middle decades. Perceptions of compositional subjectivity have nevertheless endured in surprising ways, and we find ourselves today in an era of dual and often conflicting paradigms.
Multiplying Buddhist Missions—Singapore, Bangkok, Penang
Authors: Turner Alicia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the activities of the Irish Buddhist monk and anti-colonial activist U Dhammaloka in Siam (today’s Thailand), the Straits Settlements, and Federated Malay States (today’s Singapore and Malaysia) in 1903–5. It discusses his alliance with the saopha (ruler) of the Shan state of Kentung on the Burmese borders, his foundation of a bilingual school at Wat Ban Thawai in Bangkok, his finding a Chinese patron in Singapore, founding of a Buddhist school and mission there and involvement with multiethnic networks, his work in Penang, and his time in India. The chapter also discusses the plebeian cosmopolitanism which he both embodied and drew on: an everyday cooperation across supposedly fixed ethnic and racial barriers that characterized both mundane labour and Buddhist revival movements in this period.