bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How bad is it? Suicidality in the middle of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Fitzpatrick Kevin M. , Harris Casey , Drawve Grant 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe current paper examines the intersection between social vulnerability, individual risk, and social/psychological resources with adult suicidality during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodData come from a national sample (n = 10,368) of U.S. adults. Using an online platform, information was gathered during the third week of March 2020, and post‐stratification weighted to proportionally represent the U.S. population in terms of age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and geography.ResultsNearly 15 percent of sampled respondents were categorized as high risk, scoring 7+ on the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire‐Revised (SBQ‐R). This level of risk varied across social vulnerability groupings: Blacks, Native Americans, Hispanics, families with children, unmarried, and younger respondents reported higher SBQ‐R scores than their counterparts (p < .000). Regression results confirm these bivariate differences and also reveal that risk factors (food insecurity, physical symptoms, and CES‐D symptomatology) are positive and significantly related to suicidality (p < .000). Additionally, resource measures are significant and negatively related to suicidality (p < .000).ConclusionsThese results provide some insight on the impact COVID‐19 is having on the general U.S. population. Practitioners should be prepared for what will likely be a significant mental health fall‐out in the months and years ahead.
A 3D printed suturing trainer for medical students
Authors: Boyajian Michael K , Lubner Rory J , Roussel Lauren O , Crozier Joseph W , Ryder Beth A , Woo Albert S 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYBackgroundMedical students must be able to suture competently upon graduation. To learn suturing technique, students must have access to practice materials. The purpose of this pilot study was to develop a novel suturing trainer and to evaluate its ability to provide realistic and accessible suturing practice. A cohort of senior students at one institution compared the device with standard suture‐training media (porcine feet and sponges).MethodsUsing 3D printing and silicone casting, a novel suturing trainer was developed and a cohort of senior medical students trialed the device in a standardised suturing workshop. Participants evaluated the novel suturing trainer, porcine feet and sponges for simulating human tissue with regard to: (i) tissue layers; (ii) tissue texture; (iii) ability to perform interrupted suturing; (iv) running subcuticular suturing; and (v) knot tying.ResultsCompared with porcine feet and sponges, the suturing trainer had significantly higher mean scores (p < 0.001) for the simulation of human tissue layers and texture, as well as for the ability to facilitate the practice of interrupted suturing, running suturing and knot tying. All (n = 32) participants identified the silicone trainer as the best tool upon which to practice suturing, and 92% (n = 23) responded that their suturing skills would improve if the silicone trainer replaced porcine feet and sponges.DiscussionThe silicone suturing device provides a more realistic and accessible suture learning experience than porcine feet and sponges. Further validation is required to assess its long‐term effectiveness in medical education.
Obligatory metabolomic profiling of gene‐edited crops is risk disproportionate
Authors: Fedorova Maria , Herman Rod A. 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYIt has been argued that the application of metabolomics to gene‐edited crops would present value in three areas: (i) the detection of gene‐edited crops; (ii) the characterization of unexpected changes that might affect safety; and (iii) building on the track record of rigorous government regulation in supporting consumer acceptance of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Here, we offer a different perspective, relative to each of these areas: (i) metabolomics is unable to differentiate whether a mutation has resulted from gene editing or from traditional breeding techniques; (ii) it is risk‐disproportionate to apply metabolomics for regulatory purposes to search for possible compositional differences within crops developed using the least likely technique to generate unexpected compositional changes; and (iii) onerous regulations for genetically engineered crops have only contributed to unwarranted public fears, and repeating this approach for gene‐edited crops is unlikely to result in a different outcome. It is also suggested that article proposing the utility of specific analytical techniques to support risk assessment would benefit from the input of scientists with subject matter expertise in risk assessment.
Factors affecting freezing tolerance: a comparative transcriptomics study between field and artificial cold acclimations in overwintering evergreens
Authors: Liu Bing , Wang Xiu‐Yun , Cao Yan , Arora Rajeev , Zhou Hong , Xia Yi‐Ping 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCold acclimation (CA) is a well‐known strategy employed by plants to enhance freezing tolerance (FT) in winter. Global warming could disturb CA and increase the potential for winter freeze‐injury. Thus, developing robust FT through complete CA is essential. To explore the molecular mechanisms of CA in woody perennials, we compared field and artificial CAs. Transcriptomic data showed that photosynthesis/photoprotection and fatty acid metabolism pathways were specifically enriched in field CA; carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolism and circadian rhythm pathways were commonly enriched in both field and artificial CAs. When compared with plants in vegetative growth in the chamber, we found that the light signals with warm air temperatures in the fall might induce the accumulation of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations, and activate Ca2+, ABA and JA signaling transductions in plants. With the gradual cooling occurrence in winter, more accumulation of anthocyanin, chlorophyll degradation, closure/degradation of photosystem II reaction centers, and substantial accumulation of glucose and fructose contributed to obtaining robust FT during field CA. Moreover, we observed that in Rhododendron ‘Elsie Lee’, ABA and JA decreased in winter, which may be due to the strong requirement of zeaxanthin for rapid thermal dissipation and unsaturated fatty acids for membrane fluidity. Taken together, our results indicate that artificial CA has limitations to understand the field CA and field light signals (like short photoperiod, light intensity and/or light quality) before the low temperature in fall might be essential for complete CA.
Individual‐ and hospital‐level correlates of red blood cell, platelet, and plasma transfusions among hospitalized children and neonates: a nationally representative study in the United States
Authors: Goel Ruchika , Josephson Cassandra D. , Patel Eshan U. , Petersen Molly R. , Packman Zoe , Gehrie Eric , Bloch Evan M. , Lokhandwala Parvez , Ness Paul M. , Katz Louis , Nellis Marianne , Karam Oliver , Tobian Aaron A. R. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDFactors associated with red blood cell (RBC), plasma, and platelet transfusions in hospitalized neonates and children across the United States have not been well characterized.METHODSData from the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) 2016 were analyzed. KID is a random sample of 10% of all uncomplicated in‐hospital births and 80% of remaining pediatric discharges from approximately 4200 US hospitals. Sampling weights were applied to generate nationally representative estimates. Primary outcome was one or more RBC transfusion procedures; plasma and platelet transfusions were assessed as secondary outcomes. Analysis was stratified by age: neonates (NEO; ≤28 d), and nonneonates (PED; >28 d and <18 y). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).RESULTSAmong 5,604,984 total hospitalizations, overall prevalence of transfusions was 1.07% (95% CI, 0.94%‐1.22%) for RBCs, 0.17% (95% CIs, 0.15%‐0.21%) for plasma and 0.35% (95% CI, 0.30%‐0.40%) for platelet transfusions. RBC transfusions occurred among 0.43% NEO admissions and 2.63% PED admissions. For NEO admissions, RBC transfusion was positively associated with nonwhite race, longer length of hospitalization, highest risk of mortality (aOR, 86.58; 95% CI, 64.77‐115.73) and urban teaching hospital location. In addition to the above factors, among PED admissions, RBC transfusion was positively associated with older age, female sex (aOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.13), and elective admission status (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.46‐1.80). Factors associated with plasma and platelet transfusions were largely similar to those associated with RBC transfusion, except older age groups had lower odds of plasma transfusion among PED admissions.CONCLUSIONSWhile there is substantial variability in the proportion of neonates and nonneonatal children transfused nationally, there are several similar, yet unique, nonlaboratory predictors of transfusion identified in these age groups.
Validation of PLASMIC score: an academic medical center case series (2012‐present)
Authors: Moosavi Harrison , Ma Yamin , Miller Maureen J. , Duncan Alexander 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDThe PLASMIC score is a rapid and inexpensive tool for predicting severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (activity <10%) in patients with suspected thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) by analyzing seven parameters (platelet count; combined hemolysis variable; absence of active neoplasia; absence of an organ or stem‐cell transplant; mean corpuscular value; international normalized ratio; and serum creatinine). The purpose of this study was to validate the PLASMIC score at a large multi‐institutional academic medical center.METHODSAn internal database of consultations to the transfusion medicine service, which oversees therapeutic apheresis at our institution, was reviewed to identify patients who were evaluated for and/or received plasma exchange for suspected TTP. These consultations covered the time period of January 2012 to February 2019. PLASMIC scoring criteria and ADAMTS13 assay results were abstracted from the electronic medical record, the PLASMIC score was calculated, and cases stratified into risk categories (low, intermediate, high risk) based on the score value.RESULTSOf 58 patients identified, 46 met inclusion criteria, and 27 demonstrated ADAMTS13 activity <10%. Correlation of severe ADAMTS13 deficiency with risk‐stratified groups resulted in 78% sensitivity, 63% specificity, 75% positive predictive value (PPV), and 67% negative predictive value (NPV).DISCUSSIONThese findings paralleled those from validation studies performed at other institutions. They provided insufficient evidence to recommend routine use of the PLASMIC score to rule out TTP among patients at our hospitals. Nonetheless, these results reinforce the importance of early ADAMTS13 testing as a diagnostic triage tool for patients with suspected TTP.
Outcomes of cats treated with maxillectomy: 60 cases. A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology retrospective study
Authors: Liptak Julius M. , Thatcher Graham P. , Mestrinho Lisa A. , Séguin Bernard , Vernier Timothy , Martano Marina , Husbands Brian D. , Veytsman Stan , van Nimwegen Sebastiaan A. , De Mello Souza Carlos H. , Mullins Ronan A. , Barry Sabrina L. , Selmic Laura E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMaxillectomy is poorly described for the management of oral tumours in cats and is occasionally not recommended because of the high complication rate and sub‐optimal outcome reported in cats treated with mandibulectomy. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the complications and oncologic outcome in cats treated with maxillectomy. Sixty cats were included in the study. Maxillectomy procedures included unilateral rostral (20.0%), bilateral rostral (23.3%), segmental (10.0%), caudal (20.0%) and total unilateral maxillectomy (26.7%). Intra‐operative and post‐operative complications were reported in 10 (16.7%) and 34 (56.7%) cats, respectively. The most common post‐operative complications were hyporexia (20.0%) and incisional dehiscence (20.0%). The median duration of hyporexia was 7 days. Benign tumours were diagnosed in 19 cats (31.7%) and malignant tumours in 41 cats (68.3%). Local recurrence and metastatic rates were 18.3% and 4.9%, respectively; the median progression‐free interval (PFI) was not reached. The disease‐related median survival time was not reached overall or for either benign or malignant tumours. The 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates were, respectively, 100% and 79% for cats with benign tumours, 89% and 89% for cats with malignant tumours, 94% and 94% for cats with fibrosarcomas, 83% and 83% for cats with squamous cell carcinomas, and 80% and 80% for cats with osteosarcomas. Poor prognostic factors included mitotic index for PFI, adjuvant chemotherapy for both PFI and survival time, and local recurrence for survival time. Maxillectomy is a viable treatment option for cats resulting in good local tumour control and long survival times.
Efficacy of specific antivenom and fresh frozen plasma in reversing Daboia palaestinae venom‐induced hemostatic derangement
Authors: Nivy Ran , Aroch Itamar , Bruchim Yaron 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the in vitro efficacy of specific Daboia (Vipera) palaestinae (Dp) antivenom or fresh frozen plasma (FFP) against Dp venom‐induced hemostatic changesDesignIn vitro study.SettingLaboratory of a university referral hospital.AnimalsFive healthy dogs.InterventionsRotational thromboelastometry (including recombinant tissue factor or kaolin activators [EXTEM and INTEM, respectively]) and conventional hemostatic tests were evaluated in citrated whole blood samples that underwent 4 treatments: (1) no additives (control); (2) 15 μg of Dp venom; (3) 15 μg of Dp venom and 10 μL of specific Dp antivenom; (4) 15 μg of Dp venom and 0.3 mL of FFP. A linear mixed‐effects regression model was used to compare results between each treatment and the control.Measurements and main resultsDp‐venom engendered statistically significant (P < 0.05) EXTEM changes in 8/17 variables, all indicative of hypercoagulability, which were negated by antivenom but not with FFP. Similarly, Dp‐venom induced hypercoagulable, hyperfibrinolytic changes in 12 of 17 INTEM variables, of which only 5 of 12 were negated by antivenom but not with FFP. Fibrinogen concentration was decreased, and the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was shortened (P < 0.05 for both) in all treatments compared to the control.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the ephemeral procoagulant phase of Dp envenomation for the first time. Many venom‐induced thromboelastometric changes were reversed by specific antivenom but not with FFP. Prospective clinical studies are warranted to investigate whether the present findings translate to clinical efficacy.
Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and decrease in blood donation: A cross‐sectional study from Sudan
Authors: Sayedahmed Ahmed Mahmoud Sayed , Ali Khalid Ali Mohamed , Ali Salma Bashir Suliman , Ahmed Hammam Saeed Mohamed , Shrif Faris Said Mohamed , Ali Namareg Abdelrhman Abass 
Published: June 2020

Background and objectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic has a negative impact on the blood donation process, and the whole world nowadays is struggling to maintain a sufficient safe blood supply. The aim of this study was to identify the reasons for lapsing from blood donation during the COVID‐19 pandemic among the Sudanese blood donors, and also to determine the motives for returning to blood donation.Materials and methodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. Our population was all lapsing Sudanese blood donors who received an invitation from the national central laboratory and did not respond. We used an interviewing questionnaire, and interviews were done through phone calls.Result674 blood donors had participated in our study. About 94·6% of the participants were males, and the majority was younger than 36 years. The most common reason for lapsing from blood donation was staying at home to avoid the COVID‐19 infection (60·6%). About 63·4% of the participants said that they would return to donate if there were regular invitations. And 52·4% of our participants said they would return if the COVID‐19 pandemic was controlled. The altruistic factor was the most common motivation for first time donation.ConclusionWe have to find strategies to overcome this reduction in the blood donors. We have to raise the awareness of people about the importance of maintaining adequate blood supply; also we have to provide mobile donation sites and to send regular invitations to the donors.
Microplastics in the marine environment: a literature review and northeast England case study
Authors: See Morwenna , Gilchrist Claire , Cooper Nick , Ratcliffe David , Siddle Robin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe issue of microplastic pollution has seen an increasing focus over the last decade, both as a scientific research topic and due to intensive media interest. Despite this, there has been, until recently, a relative paucity of data relating to the volume and type of microplastics in the marine environment. The Cell 1 Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme, which covers approximately 300 km of the northeast England coastline, has recently collected subtidal sediment samples from the bed of the North Sea and analysed these for particle size distribution and microplastic content. This paper presents the results of this analysis along with a literature review of the sources, movements and concentration of microplastics in the marine environment.
Polysaccharide‐rich hydrogel formulation combined with photobiomodulation repairs UV‐induced photodamage in mice skin
Authors: Neves Lia Mara Grosso , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio , Tim Carla Roberta , Floriano Elaine Medeiros , Lopez Renata F Vianna , Venâncio Tiago , Fernandes João Batista , Cominetti Marcia Regina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProlonged skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces premature aging in both the epidermis and the dermis. Chronic exposure to UVR induces the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, activating c‐Jun, c‐Fos expression, and transcription factor of AP‐1 activating protein. AP‐1 activation results in the positive induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) synthesis, which degrade skin collagen fibers. Polysaccharides from the fruit of Lycium barbarum (LBP fraction) have a range of activities and have been demonstrate to repair the photodamage. In different approaches, laser application aims to recover the aged skin without destroying the epidermis, promoting a modulation, called photobiomodulation (PBM), which leads to protein synthesis and cell proliferation, favoring tissue repair. Here we developed a topical hydrogel formulation from a polysaccharide‐rich fraction of Lycium barbarum fruits (LBP). This formulation was associated with PBM (red laser) to evaluate whether the isolated and combined treatments would reduce the UVR‐mediated photodamage in mice skin. Hairless mice were photoaged for 6 weeks and then treated singly or in combination with LBP and PBM. Histological, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses were used to investigate the levels of c‐Fos, c‐Jun, MMP‐1, −2, and −9, collagen I, III, and FGF2. The combined regimen inhibited UVR‐induced skin thickening, decreased the expression of c‐Fos and c‐Jun, as well as MMP‐1, −2, and −9 and concomitantly increased the levels of collagen I, III, and FGF2. The PBM in combination with LBP treatment is a promising strategy for the repair of photodamaged skin, presenting potential clinical application in skin rejuvenation.
Chronic REM sleep restriction in young rats increases energy expenditure with no change in food intake
Authors: Menezes Letícia , de Moraes Danilo Alves , Ribeiro‐Silva Neila , Silva Sylvia Maria Affonso , Suchecki Deborah , Luz Jacqueline 
Published: June 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What are the effects of different periods of REM sleep restriction (7, 14 and 21 days) on metabolic parameters in young rats?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Animals submitted to each period of REM sleep deprivation showed a negative energy balance, with reduced body weight gain, body energy gain and gross food efficiency, less body fat content, and increased energy expenditure. There was no increase in food intake after any of the REM sleep restriction periods. In young rats, negative energy balance is not compensated by increased dietary intake as observed in adult rats.

AbstractReduced sleep is associated with metabolic alterations, not only in adults, but also in children and adolescents. Several studies have shown that sleep restricted (SR) adult rats exhibit metabolic changes, followed by increased food intake, but few have evaluated these functions in young animals. The aim of the present study was to establish the metabolic parameters of young rats subjected to different periods of REM sleep restriction and to propose a correction factor for the correct measurement of food intake. Young male Wistar rats were distributed in control and SR groups for 7, 14 or 21 days. Sleep restriction was performed by the single platform method for 18 h. Regardless of the length of sleep restriction, all SR rats had a negative energy balance, evidenced by reduction in body weight gain, body energy gain and gross food efficiency, accompanied by increased energy expenditure. In addition, sleep restriction reduced body fat content throughout the entire period. Discounting food spillage, there was no increase in food intake by SR rats. In conclusion, the present study revealed metabolic changes in SR young rats after different lengths of REM sleep restriction and that weight loss and increased energy expenditure were not compensated by increased dietary intake as occurs in adult rats, indicating that young rats use other mechanisms to cope with the negative energy balance caused by sleep restriction. In addition, we propose a correction factor for food intake, to prevent overestimation of this parameter, due to food spillage in the water containers.