bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic and morphological variation in primate long bones reflects signals of size and behavior
Authors: Nadell Jason A. , Elton Sarah , Kovarovic Kris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesMany primates change their locomotor behavior as they mature from infancy to adulthood. Here we investigate how long bone cross‐sectional geometry in Pan, Gorilla, Pongo, Hylobatidae, and Macaca varies in shape and form over ontogeny, including whether specific diaphyseal cross sections exhibit signals of periosteal adaptation or canalization.Materials and methodsDiaphyseal cross sections were analyzed in an ontogenetic series across infant, juvenile, and adult subgroups. Three‐dimensional laser‐scanned long bone models were sectioned at midshaft (50% of biomechanical length) and distally (20%) along the humerus and femur. Traditional axis ratios acted as indices of cross‐sectional circularity, while geometric morphometric techniques were used to study cross‐sectional allometry and ontogenetic trajectory.ResultsThe humeral midshaft is a strong indicator of posture and locomotor profile in the sample across development, while the mid‐femur appears more reflective of shifts in size. By comparison, the distal diaphyses of both limb elements are more ontogenetically constrained, where periosteal shape is largely static across development relative to size, irrespective of a given taxon's behavior or ecology.DiscussionPrimate limb shape is not only highly variable between taxa over development, but at discrete humeral and femoral diaphyseal locations. Overall, periosteal shape of the humeral and femoral midshaft cross sections closely reflects ontogenetic transitions in behavior and size, respectively, while distal shape in both bones appears more genetically constrained across intraspecific development, regardless of posture or size. These findings support prior research on tradeoffs between function and safety along the limbs.
Comparison between pea and soy protein‐based bioplastics obtained by injection molding
Authors: Jiménez‐Rosado Mercedes , Rubio‐Valle Jose Fernando , Perez‐Puyana Víctor , Guerrero Antonio , Romero Alberto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe elaboration of bioplastics from renewable polymers (e.g., proteins) is a field with great potential for industrial applications such as food packaging and agriculture. This study evaluates the development of bioplastic systems by injection molding using two different raw materials: soy protein isolate (SPI) and pea protein isolate (PPI). Both proteins are by‐products, which lowers the price of processed bioplastics. However, it is necessary to control their properties during the manufacture processing, in order to ensure that they can replace conventional plastics. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to compare the properties of SPI and PPI bioplastics processed at different injection times (150, 300, and 450 s) and different mold temperatures (70 and 130°C). Thus, mechanical properties, water uptake capacity, and transparency were evaluated. The results show the potential of these raw materials to produce bioplastics that can replace conventional plastics, and that the processing conditions can be modified to obtain the desired final properties.
High‐efficiencyammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant
Authors: Huang Zhe , Ruan Bo , Wu Jin , Ma Ning , Jiang Tao , Tsai Fang‐Chang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro‐envelope core‐shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine‐formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon‐forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine‐formaldehyde resin and the micro‐envelope core‐shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char‐forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core‐shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine‐formaldehyde resin‐coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL‐94 reached the V‐0 level.
Robust finite frequency H∞ distributed memory filter design for networked control systems with polytopic uncertainty
Authors: Chen Xuefeng , Xu Huiling , Feng Min , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the robust finite frequency (FF)
distributed filtering problem for uncertain networked control system (NCS) that consists of heterogeneous subsystems. By using past output measurements and considering the frequency information of disturbance signals, the designed distributed memory filter is able to guarantee that the filtering error system is well‐posed, stable and has the FF
performance. Based on the extended finite frequency bounded realness lemma for uncertain NCSs, the existence condition of robust FF
distributed memory filter is derived. Moreover, it is shown that by taking advantage of more past output measurements of NCS, the proposed design procedure can derive a distributed filter that achieves a lower
performance bound. Finally, a practical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed filter design method.
New onset of type 2 diabetes as a complication after cancer diagnosis: A systematic review
Authors: Jo Ara , Scarton Lisa , O'Neal LaToya J. , Larson Samantha , Schafer Nancy , George Thomas J. , Munoz Pena Juan M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite improved survival rates, cancer survivors are experiencing worse health outcomes with complications of treatment, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), that may deteriorate survivorship. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive review of T2D incidence following cancer diagnosis. Methods: The study included: (1) cohort studies, (2) cancer diagnosis by a doctor, (3) incidence of T2D after diagnosis of cancer, and (4) adult patients over 18 years. Studies that focused on patients who had T2D as a preexisting condition at cancer diagnosis were excluded. Results: Of a total of 16 studies, overall incidence of T2D ranged from 5.4% to 55.3%. The highest T2D incidence rate was observed in colorectal patients with cancer (53%). While results in prostate patients with cancer were mixed, patients who underwent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) had a significantly higher incidence of new‐onset T2D (12.8%, p = 0.01). Patients treated with chemotherapy within 1–5 years of initial diagnosis of colorectal cancer were at approximately 30% higher risk of T2D. One study found that 48% of T2D was preventable with optimal management during the process of patient care. Conclusion: Blood glucose management may allow physicians to intervene early and improve outcomes among patients with cancer.
Restoration of the dentition in a patient with a history of bruxism and amelogenesis imperfecta: A clinical report
Authors: Tang Yuyao , Cao Tiandong , Zhang Ling , Bao Guangjie , Kang Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe report describes a 27‐year‐old female patient with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) accompanied by nocturnal bruxism, who was treated with a combination of occlusal splint and full‐mouth fixed prosthetic rehabilitation through follow‐ups within 2 years. Soft splint protection, regular follow‐up, and monitoring of carries are guaranteed to maintain a long‐term curative effect.
Tobacco injury and sucker control efficacy following applications of pelargonic acid
Authors: Vann Matthew C. , Suchoff David H , Machacek Jeremy L. , Cheek Joseph A. , Whitley D. Scott 
Published: December 2020

Core Ideas
Low concentrations of pelargonic acid have negligible sucker control efficacy.
Higher concentrations of pelargonic acid are extremely injurious to tobacco.
Pelargonic acid is not a suitable candidate for tobacco sucker control.
Interaction of Hydrogen with Ceria: Hydroxylation, Reduction, and Hydride Formation on the Surface and in the Bulk
Authors: Li Zhaorui , Werner Kristin , Chen Lu , Jia Aiping , Qian Kun , Zhong Jian‐Qiang , You Rui , Wu Lihui , Zhang Liyuan , Pan Haibin , Wu Xin‐Ping , Gong Xue‐Qing , Shaikhutdinov Shamil , Huang Weixin , Freund Hans‐Joachim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe study reports the first attempt to address the interplay between surface and bulk in hydride formation in ceria (CeO2) by combining experiment, using surface sensitive and bulk sensitive spectroscopic techniques on the two sample systems, i.e., CeO2(111) thin films and CeO2 powders, and theoretical calculations of CeO2(111) surfaces with oxygen vacancies (Ov) at the surface and in the bulk. We show that, on a stoichiometric CeO2(111) surface, H2 dissociates and forms surface hydroxyls (OH). On the pre‐reduced CeO2−x samples, both films and powders, hydroxyls and hydrides (Ce−H) are formed on the surface as well as in the bulk, accompanied by the Ce3+ ↔ Ce4+ redox reaction. As the Ov concentration increases, hydroxyl is destabilized and hydride becomes more stable. Surface hydroxyl is more stable than bulk hydroxyl, whereas bulk hydride is more stable than surface hydride. The surface hydride formation is the kinetically favorable process at relatively low temperatures, and the resulting surface hydride may diffuse into the bulk region and be stabilized therein. At higher temperatures, surface hydroxyls can react to produce water and create additional oxygen vacancies, increasing its concentration, which controls the H2/CeO2 interaction. The results demonstrate a large diversity of reaction pathways, which have to be taken into account for better understanding of reactivity of ceria‐based catalysts in a hydrogen‐rich atmosphere.
The International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytopathology: Analysis and discussion of the response to a web‐based survey
Authors: Field Andrew S. , Kurtycz Daniel F. I. , Raymond Wendy A. , Schmitt Fernando 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundA group of international experts in breast fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytopathology, supported by the International Academy of Cytology (IAC), drafted a comprehensive system for reporting breast FNAB cytopathology in 2017‐2018. The editorial team produced a survey to assess the international response to the proposed category structure, definitions, and management recommendations in this draft.MethodsA web‐based survey of 186 questions was generated using the Qualtrics software package (Provo, Utah) supported by the Division of Information Technology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The survey was advertised widely—including through the IAC, American Society of Cytopathology, Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology, Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology, and Australian Society of Cytology and to audiences at national and international meetings—and was available from April to June 2018. The data obtained from the 265 respondents was assessed by the editorial team.ResultsThe survey provided a snapshot of the current role and use of breast FNAB and the international variations. Demographic questions were followed by specific questions based on the draft category definitions and statements and focused on issues that had generated discussion among the authors, including the FNAB diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ.ConclusionThe survey results strongly supported the development of the IAC Yokohama System and informed subsequent discussions among the authors regarding the final text.
Identification and localization of a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐related neuropeptide in Biomphalaria, an intermediate host for schistosomiasis
Authors: Rosa‐Casillas Mariela , de Jesús Paola Méndez , Vicente Rodríguez Laura C. , Habib Mohamed R. , Croll Roger P. , Miller Mark W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFreshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria serve as obligatory hosts for the digenetic trematode Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent for the most widespread form of intestinal schistosomiasis. Within Biomphalaria, S. mansoni larvae multiply and transform into the cercariae form that can infect humans. Trematode development and proliferation is thought to be facilitated by modifications of host behavior and physiological processes, including a reduction of reproduction known as “parasitic castration.” As neuropeptides participate in the control of reproduction across phylogeny, a neural transcriptomics approach was undertaken to identify peptides that could regulate Biomphalaria reproductive physiology. The present study identified a transcript in Biomphalaria alexandrina that encodes a peptide belonging to the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) superfamily. The precursor and the predicted mature peptide, pQIHFTPDWGNN‐NH2 (designated Biom‐GnRH), share features with peptides identified in other molluscan species, including panpulmonates, opisthobranchs, and cephalopods. An antibody generated against Biom‐GnRH labeled neurons in the cerebral, pedal, and visceral ganglia of Biomphalaria glabrata. GnRH‐like immunoreactive fiber systems projected to all central ganglia. In the periphery, immunoreactive material was detected in the ovotestis, oviduct, albumen gland, and nidamental gland. As these structures serve crucial roles in the production, transport, nourishment, and encapsulation of eggs, disruption of the GnRH system of Biomphalaria could contribute to reduced reproductive activity in infected snails.
Multiscale channel attention network for infrared and visible image fusion
Authors: Zhu Jiahui , Dou Qingyu , Jian Lihua , Liu Kai , Hussain Farhan , Yang Xiaomin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImaging systems with different imaging sensors are widely applied to surveillance field, military field, and medicine field. Particularly, infrared imaging sensors can acquire thermal radiations emitted by different objects but lack textural details, and visible imaging sensors can capture abundant textural information but suffer from loss of scene information under poor weather conditions. The fusion of infrared and visible images can synthesize a new image with complementary information of the source images. In this paper, we present a deep learning method with encoder–decoder architecture for infrared and visible image fusion. Firstly, multiscale channel attention blocks are introduced to extract features at different scales, which can preserve more meaningful information and enhance the important information. Secondly, we utilize the improved fusion strategy based on visual saliency to fuse feature maps. Lastly, the fusion result is restored via reconstruction network. In comparison with other state‐of‐the‐art approaches, our experimental results achieve appealing performance on visual effects and objective assessments.
Exploring blast composition in myelodysplastic syndromes and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms: CD45RA and CD371 improve diagnostic value of flow cytometry through assessment of myeloblast heterogeneity and stem cell aberrancy
Authors: Shameli Afshin , Dharmani‐Khan Poonam , Luider Joanne , Auer Iwona , Shabani‐Rad Meer‐Taher 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFlow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCIP) can improve diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN), although its application is challenging due to difficulties in standardization, complexity of antibody panels and subjective interpretation of data. Since blasts are invariably affected in these disorders, we developed a FCIP approach for detailed and objective analysis of the blast population.MethodsFCIP using a one‐tube 10‐color (13‐marker) antibody panel was performed on bone marrow samples from 23 MDS and 8 MDS/MPN patients, 21 cytopenic patients non‐diagnostic for MDS (Non‐MDS), and 16 Control samples.ResultsMDS and MDS/MPN cases demonstrated one to several immunophenotypic abnormalities including: increased myeloblasts, decreased stage‐1 hematogones, aberrant stem cells, abnormal myeloblast heterogeneity/divergence from normal, increased or decreased CD45 intensity, increased CD117 or CD123 intensity, decreased CD38 intensity, and aberrant expression of lineage markers (CD5, CD19, CD56). A Blast score was developed that showed sensitivity of 80.6% and specificity of 90.5% for immunophenotypic diagnosis of MDS and MDS/MPN. Expression levels of CD45RA and CD371 were used to evaluate abnormal myeloblast heterogeneity and stem cell aberrancy. Both these features were, for the first time, incorporated into a scoring system and resulted in 19% increase in the sensitivity of the assay for lower‐risk MDS.ConclusionDeep immunophenotypic analysis of the blast population is valuable for diagnosis of MDS and MDS/MPN and can potentially provide sensitivity and specificity figures comparable to those previously described using more comprehensive panels that assess maturing myelomonocytic and erythroid elements in addition to progenitor cells.
COVID‐19, androgens, and androgenic alopecia
Authors: Wambier Carlos Gustavo , Mehta Nina , Goren Andy , Cadegiani Flavio A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in males may be due to the higher androgen expression. It is also known that androgen sensitivity is correlated with androgenic alopecia. The “Gabrin sign” identifies those with severe androgen alopecia (Hamilton Norwood scale = 3–7) who are at a higher risk for developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) symptoms. The aim of this review article is to examine the current scientific evidence of the link between androgenic alopecia, androgens, and the severity of COVID‐19 and also, to review possible therapeutic targets to impact COVID‐19 outcomes.The activation of the androgen receptor results in an increase in tissular expression of TMPRSS2 a protease that primes the spikes of SARS‐CoV‐2 for infectivity, resulting in the potential increase of viral load and dissemination through organs.Therapies directed at suppressing the androgen expression have demonstrated clinical applicability to modify the host's vulnerability to COVID‐19. This brings new insight to interventional virology research, particularly in respiratory viruses, such as coronavirus and influenza, which depend on TMPRSS2 surface antigen priming for infectivity.
Visualization of flavor of sake using taste sensor and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Kanno Yoichiro , Hirata Miyo , Mitani Keiichi , Shirota Shiho , Onodera Takeshi , Toko Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the alcoholic beverage industry, expressing “flavor” of sake in an easy‐to‐understand manner is one of the important issues. So far, we have been conducting equipment analyses using taste sensors and sensory evaluation when people actually drink sake in order to easily understand the “taste” of sake felt by the tongue. By combining them statistically, we have developed the “Sake Flavor Chart.” However, the map does not include data on the “scent” of sake. The scent of sake is composed of various ingredients such as banana and apple‐like scent called “Ginjo” scent, aged scent, and aldehyde odor, and is a very important factor in expressing the “flavor” of sake. The purpose of this study is to improve the accuracy of the existing sake taste map by comprehensively analyzing the “flavor” of sake using a taste sensor and GC‐MS. In this research, “Sake Flavor Chart” becomes a tool that can express not only the “taste” but also the “scent” of sake in an objective and easy‐to‐understand manner by approaching the flavor of sake from more diverse perspectives than before.
The role of hummocks in re‐establishing black spruce forest following permafrost thaw
Authors: Haynes Kristine M. , Smart Jessica , Disher Brenden , Carpino Olivia , Quinton William L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNorthwestern Canada's discontinuous permafrost landscape is transitioning rapidly due to permafrost thaw, with the conversion of elevated, forested peat plateaus to low‐lying, treeless wetlands. Increasing hydrological connectivity leads to partial drainage of previously‐isolated bogs, which have been observed to subsequently develop hummock microtopography. However, the role of microtopographic features in the future trajectory of the transitioning landscape is unclear, including their potential controls on tree re‐establishment. In order to understand the role of hummocks in landscape change, research was conducted at the Scotty Creek Research Station, Northwest Territories, to measure hummock and black spruce tree physical characteristics, and assess tree and hummock spatial coverage in peat plateaus, collapse scar bogs and the advanced transitional feature known as treed bogs. Canopy coverage in all landforms and wetland hummock areal coverage was assessed using a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) canopy gap fraction model and multispectral imagery. Hummocks, which are not underlain by permafrost but contain seasonal ice, support the establishment of black spruce trees due to favourable soil moisture conditions. Hummock flank moisture in treed bogs is intermediate between those of dry peat plateaus and inundated collapse scar bogs. Black spruce trees on peat plateaus and in treed bogs are significantly taller and of greater circumference than those in collapse scar bogs. The spatial distribution of hummocks and canopy coverage of black spruce trees in treed bogs collectively suggest that these features may play an important role in the advanced stages of permafrost thaw‐driven transition of the discontinuous permafrost landscape.
BirA*‐protein A fusion protein based BioEnhancer amplifies western blot immunosignal
Authors: Wang Zhen , Li Ziyang , Su Tian , Han Xiao , Hou Zhanwu , Zheng Yupeng , Liu Jiachen , Xu Jun , Yang Jeffy , Liu Huadong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWestern blot (protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique in molecular biology. Utilizing the specific recognizing primary antibody, proteins immobilized on various matrix are investigated by subsequent visualization steps, for example, by the horse radish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibody incubation. Methods to improve the sensitivity in protein identification or quantification are appreciated by biochemists. Herein, we report a new strategy to amplify Western blot signals by constructing a probe with proximal labeling and IgG targeting abilities. The R118G mutation attenuated the biotin‐AMP binding affinity of the bacterial biotin ligase BirA*, offering a proximity‐dependent labeling ability, which could be used as a signal amplifier. We built a BirA*‐protein A fusion protein (BioEnhancer) that specifically binds to IgG and adds biotin tags to its proximal amine groups, enhancing the immunosignal of target proteins. In our experiments, the BioEnhancer system amplified the immunosignal by tenfold compared to the standard western blot. Additionally, our strategy could couple with other signal enhancement methods to further increase the western blot sensitivity.