bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regenerative braking system using pulse width modulation technique on brushed DC motor
Authors: Murali Krishna V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In automobiles, large amount of energy loss due to braking takes place without any recycling. A brake is required to control the motion of an automobile. The conventional braking system uses friction of brake shoes and drums for conversion of kinetic energy developed by the vehicle into heat energy. In conventional braking system the heat energy generated at contact surfaces is dissipated to surroundings. In regenerative braking system the speed of the vehicle is reduced by the motors. No surplus energy of the vehicle will be wasted as the unwanted heat, the overhead wires receive electricity from the motors which act as a generator. In this paper, a novel technique of pulse width modulation on brushed DC motor is used for evaluating the availability of braking energy recovery. The vehicle receives power from the electrical energy taken from the battery is used by an electric motor that provides motive force to the wheels. To obtain more efficiency the regenerative braking should take place on the vehicle, so a model to control the speed of the motor has been simulated using circuit simulation software Proteus. The laboratory test has been performed on the built model before being mounted on the vehicle. The circuit is repeatedly tested for the desired wave functions and are absorbed on the oscilloscope. Results are presented for the amount of power generated during braking and variation of run speed of the vehicle with time for different rated speeds of the motor at different loads.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Copper Substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Auto Combustion Route
Authors: Anugraha A , Lakshmi V K , Kumar Gangothri S , Raguram T , Rajni K S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the present study, the structural, functional, morphological and magnetic characteristics of copper substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were investigated. The samples of Co1-xCuxFe2O4 at x = 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1 M were prepared by Sol-gel auto combustion route. X-ray diffraction technique was used to confirm the phase formation and structural analysis which matches with the JCPDS Data. The average crystallite size was found to be ∼25, ∼19 and ∼18 nm for x = 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1 respectively. The Micro Raman Spectroscopy revealed the stretching vibrations at 274 cm−1, 660 cm−1, and 466 cm−1, which are characteristic of Spinel Ferrites. From the FTIR analysis, the band observed at 3457cm−1 and 1650 cm−1 is assigned to hydrogen bonded O-H group and ionic stretching of C-H bond. The band assigned at 1105 cm−1, is due to Co – O and Cu - O or Fe – O vibrations. The existence of water adsorption band and metal oxygen band confirms the existence of Co and Cu in the synthesized sample. The surface morphology of samples was imaged by the field emission scanning electron microscope. The substitution of Cu2+ in the parent systems caused a significant reduction in particle size. The compositional analysis was done, which confirmed that the concentration of copper was increased in the samples. The samples were subjected to magnetic characterization because magnetic behavior is also affected by substitution of Copper in Cobalt ferrite. Magnetic hysteresis study at room temperature confirmed the reduction in saturation magnetization (MS = 14.25 to 8.33 emu/g.) and reduction in coercivity (HC = 602.64 to 380.94 Oe) when size is reduced. As the concentration of Cu into CoFe2O4 matrix increases, particle size decreases and the saturation magnetization decreases.
The effect of nano composite on phosphate adsorption in rich black soil
Authors: Pani J V M S M , Vipin P , Praveen K R R , Saritha A , Prasad Geena , Babu Jeetu S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Industrial waste disposal is one of the major causes for the contamination of water bodies and soil. This leads to increase in the amount of elements like phosphorous in the water bodies. As a possible solution to this problem, we investigate the effect of introducing a nano sized coating of graphene on coastal sand in the adsorption of phosphate. In the present study we employ batch adsorption techniques to perform Phosphate adsorption (p-Adsorption) on rich black coastal sand and nano composite. This will help us in understanding the physical properties of clay soils, the effect of nanoscale coating on the adsorption of phosphate in soil and its dependence on contact time, concentration and ph values.
Multiferroic properties of lead-free 0.2(Ni0.8 Zn0.2Fe2O4)-0.8(Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3) magnetoelectric composite
Authors: Nair Anu V , Vishnunarayanan S. , Vaishnavi K S , Suresh Pittala , Anil Kumar P S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this work the structural, electric and magnetic characteristics of 0.2(Ni0.8 Zn0.2Fe2O4 (NZF))-0.8 (Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCZT)) multiferroic composite is investigated. The constituent phases were synthesized by sol-gel process, and mixed in an appropriate ratio to form the composite. The XRD data and Rietveld refinement confirm that the composite exists in cubic+tetragonal+orthorhombic mixed phases. The P-E loop of the composite shows a finite loop opening with a decrease in the polarization compared to the pure BCZT. The M-H loops show a saturated loop at an applied field ∼ 1 kOe and the values of magnetization decreased nearly by four orders, compared to the pure NZF.
Modeling Of Energy-Band Diagram for Plasma-Metal Junction
Authors: Anjana K P , Saravanan A , Perumal M , Sinha Suraj Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Plasma based technologies find wide technological applications. The theory for electrical properties of plasma is well established, for different systems including simple dc discharges to complex fusion machines, using fluid model and statistical model. However, there are still several areas that are unexplored and one of such topics is plasma-material interaction. In present investigation we propose the concept of energy band diagram for plasma-metal junction analogous to the energy band diagram of P-N junction. The I-V characteristics of P-N junction diode and Schottky barrier diode are explained using well established energy band theory. In this work the concept of energy-band diagram for plasma-metal junction has been introduced and concentrates on how the I-V characteristics of plasma-metal junction vary for metals with different work functions. Using the proposed energy band diagram, I-V characteristics of plasma-metal junction obtained numerically. The I-V characteristics obtained using this concept of energy-band diagram of plasma-metal junction is consistent with theory and therefore this concept may have wide impact on laboratory plasmas and may provide a new method for higher accuracy for experimental measurements.
2-D Surface Morphology and Dielectric Properties of Sr and Zr co-doped CaTiO3
Authors: Bhadala F , Suthar L , Roy M , Jha V K , Singh R P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The ceramic sample of Ca1-xSrxTi1-yZryO3 where x = 0.5 and y = 0.5 (CSTZO) was synthesized by solid state reaction method. Analysis of X-ray diffraction data confirmed the formation of orthorhombic phase. The 2-D surface mo rphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micrograph shows that the spherical shaped grains vary in the range of 1-2μm and the size of agglo merates varies in the range of 5 to 10 μm in diameter. The dielectric permittivity improved by the substitution of Sr and Zr on A and B-sites. Further, the dc conductivity measured by the two probe method in a temperature scan of 470K to 670K, showed NTCR of the material.
Properties of Aerated Hempcrete as a potential sustainable Building Material
Authors: Geetha S. , Selvakumar M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aerated concrete is lightweight concrete commercially available as aerocon blocks for the construction of infill walls. The compressive strength of these blocks varies from 4 to 6 MPa. This paper discusses the properties of aerated concrete by the use of mineral admixtures like fly ash, construction and demolition waste (C&D Waste) and hemp fibres. In order to reduce CO2 emissions, save energy and conserve natural resources, there is a need for reducing the production and consumption of concrete products. This paper manifests the investigations carried out to study the feasibility of using aerated Hemp concrete Blocks in Urban Housing. Industrial Hemp fibers have been identified to potentially absorb carbon. Hence the use of processed Hemp hurd can be used to develop concrete blocks. The aeration process and the complete elimination of coarse aggregates make the blocks light-weight and energy absorbing. In addition, the partial replacement of Cement with Fly Ash and sand with pulverized Construction and Demolition waste is also employed here, thereby providing a cost-efficient, energy-efficient and moreover, recyclable model. The properties of concrete containing these replacements were examined and it was concluded that this beneficial, high-silica content crop can be effectively utilized as a building material, without sacrificing the strength and performance of the concrete. Improvement in engineering properties of this aerated hemp block is also investigated in this paper.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zinc Cobalt Telluride Nanorod towards Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER)
Authors: Majhi K C , Karfa P , De S , Madhuri R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
With an increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy which is directly related to water splitting, regenerative fuel cells, metal-air batteries, etc., exploring an efficient and inexpensive electrocatalyst with highly stable for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is very important. In this article, here we demonstrated the nanorod Zn-Co-Te, is found to be a very good electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkali medium (KOH, pH = 15.14) with onset potential 1.38 V vs RHE. When this catalyst used as an electrocatalyst Zn-Co-Te nanorod obtained low overpotential 221 mV at a 10 mAcm−2 current density with Tafel slope 91 mV/dec and high stability within three months.
Design and Experimentation of Double Slope Desalination Unit Coupled with Photovoltaic Thermal Collector
Authors: Aswathi G , Rajesh V R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Solar cells being highly sensitive to temperature, I-V characteristics of the cell get adversely affected with temperature rise. Solar insolation heats up the panel which may lead to the decrease in efficiency. For longer life of cells, waste heat produced has to be discarded. Hybrid photovoltaic solar thermal system consists of photovoltaic modules and thermal collector. Placing thermal collector at back side of panel helps in waste heat extraction (water/air/any substance can be used as fluid medium). If the fluid medium is water, it can be given to desalination unit which in turn helps to improve the solar still performance. The main problem solar still facing is its lower productivity. Feeding the preheated water from PV/T system is a feasible solution. This in turn improves system efficiency. This paper discusses a simple design of desalination unit coupled with photovoltaic thermal system and ways and means to improve the performance of desalination unit.
Structural and Magnetic properties of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Technique using Yeast
Authors: Vignesh H , Vishnu V , Balakumar P , Raguram T , Rajni K S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present work is to synthesize cobalt ferrite nanoparticles by sol-gel technique using yeast. The source culture is prepared using yeast, carbon and nitrogen. Three samples are prepared by mixing the source culture with ferric nitrate (0.2 M) and cobalt nitrate (0.15, 0.2, 0.25M) and stirred for suitable duration to get the gel. The final product is heated at 600°C to get the cobalt ferrite nanopowder. Structural analysis reveals the cubic phase of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with the peaks corresponding to the plane (220), (311), (400), (511) and (440) matches with the PDF data. The peaks are sharp showing the crystalline nature of the prepared samples. From the microstructural parameters calculated for the prominent peak (311) shows the average crystallite size is 44 nm. The lattice constant is found to be around 8.350 Å which is close to the bulk value of cobalt ferrite nanoparticle (8.373Å). The calculated X-ray density is more than their bulk counterpart and is attributed to the formation of pores throughout the synthesis method. FTIR analysis shows the existence of functional groups within the prepared sample. EDAX analysis shows the rise in the atomic weight percentage of cobalt with increase in weight proportion of cobalt nitrate. SEM analysis shows the surface morphology of the prepared sample and the ferromagnetic behavior of the cobalt ferrite nanoparticle is observed by VSM studies.
Annealing Effect of Magnesium Tin Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis Technique for DSSC applications
Authors: Kiruthiga Prabhu G , Raguram T , Rajni K S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the present work, Magnesium Tin Oxide (MTO), transparent conducting oxide thin films (TCO) are prepared by Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis Technique and the properties are compared with the available ITO substrate. Magnesium acetate (MA), Tin (II) chloride (TC) are taken in three different ratios (0.1:0.1M, 0.1:0.2M, 0.1:0.3M) and the thin films are prepared onto the glass substrate at 400°C. The prepared films were annealed at 400°C for three hours. The structural analysis show the presence of Magnesium Tin Oxide with maximum intensity showing the crystallinity of the prepare samples. Also, the peak corresponds to magnesium oxide and Tin oxides were also observed with less intensity. The crystallite size was found to be around 5 nm and the thickness of the film is found to be 0.23, 0.27 and 0.32 µm for the films prepared at MA: TC in the ration of 0.1:0.1M, 0.1:0.2M and 0.1:0.3M. The sign of bulk carrier concentration shows that the coated film is having n-type conductivity and the resistivity value is very low in the range of 7 x 10 −3Ω cm which is very close to the resistivity value of ITO (8 x10−4Ω cm). The Percentage of Transmittance is between 75 to 85% in the visible region and the band gap value is 3.8 eV. From the results, it is concluded that MTO is a Best alternative for ITO and can be used in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC).
Effect of matrix type on the mechanical and magnetic properties of ferrite based natural and nitrile rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Anjali D P , Jitha R , Sajeev C J , Sambhudevan Sreedha , Shankar Balakrishnan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Copper doped nickel ferrite particles were prepared using co-precipitation method. The prepared particles were analysed using FTIR, XRD and SEM to confirm the formation of spinel ferrite structures, particle size and distribution. These ferrite nanoparticles are then embedded in natural and nitrile rubber at different loadings to compare the effect of matrix type on the mechanical and magnetic properties of composite samples. Nitrile rubber (NBR) composites show excellent magnetic properties than natural rubber (NR) composites. Saturation magnetisation, magnetic coercivity and magnetic retentivity values of NBR composites are superior to NR composites. In contrast mechanical properties are found to be inferior for NBR composites.
Investigation of friction models in the machining of Inconel 625 Super Alloy using FEM
Authors: Manoranjan K S , Harish Narayanan V , Manoj Kumar T , Ashwin R , Vijay Sekar K S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Simulation of metal cutting by Finite Element Method largely depends on material model and friction model. Inconel 625 is one of the super alloys, which has numerous applications but has no specific material model and friction model for simulating metal cutting. The Inconel 625 has a behaviour of softening at higher strain and strain rates. Material models that are already available do not represent this behaviour of Inconel 625. This paper follows the modified Johnson-Cook material model suggested by Hokka to obtain the flow stress data. Parameters like Cutting force, Temperature at tool chip interface, Tool Wear can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of friction model by comparing those obtained experimentally with the simulation results. In this paper, the Cutting forces are considered for evaluation of friction model. Cutting forces obtained experimentally by the turning of Inconel 625 rod with TiN tool insert. Simulation of the turning of Inconel 625 is done in DEFORM 3D software. Coulomb Friction model and Shear Friction model are the two friction models taken for investigation in this paper. Simulation is carried out by applying the two friction models and the actual process parameters. On comparison with the experimental results, Shear Friction model is found to be more accurate than the coulomb friction model for Inconel 625.
Zirconia based pyrochlore thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Pasupuleti Kirti Teja , Ghosh Souvik , Ramaswamy Parvati , Narayana Murty SVS 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Improvements in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) technology, further than what is already in service to enable adequate protection to metallic components from higher (>1100°C) operating temperatures requires newer developments in materials. Many research activities have been undertaken by scientists to seek alternatives after discovering the threshold of Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) TBCs on standard aero-space materials at elevated temperatures. To increase the thermal performance of gas turbine engines, alternate TBC materials with better sintering resistance and lower thermal conductivity are required. One of the promising candidates for the TBCs is Pyrochlore-type rare earth zirconium oxides (Re2Zr2O7, Re = rare earth). Re2Zr2O7 TBCs have higher phase stability, lower thermal conductivity, lower sintering rate, no phase transformation, and lower coefficient of thermal expansion at elevated temperatures when compared with YSZ. In this work, plasma spray powders of Lanthanum Zirconate (La2Zr2O7) and Lanthanum Ceria Zirconate (La2 (Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7) were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method with the goal to develop pyrochlore oxide-based coatings with desired properties at high temperatures (>1200°C), better than the YSZ TBCs: currently the most popular choice for TBCs. These TBCs are expected to increase gas turbine efficiencies while protecting the underlying metallic substrate at high operation temperatures. The evaluation of the synthesised TBCs has been carrying out by studying their performances at 1200°C. Results of evaluation for phase composition by employing X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), microstructure via Scanning electron Microscope (SEM) and chemical composition via Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) also have been included.
Plasma sprayed nano refractory coatings
Authors: Gowtham Sanjai S , Pinto Ratan , Ramaswamy Parvati 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Nano powders may be reconstituted into micron sized plasma sprayable powders either by using a spray drier or a manual process by employing organic binders to agglomerate them. This paper deals with the synthesis of nano sized alumino-silicate plasma sprayable powders and plasma sprayed coatings prepared from them. Nano sized raw materials involving kyanite and andalusite refractory powders were converted into plasma sprayable powders by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binders. The preparation methodology involved obtaining free flowing, micron sized agglomerated nano –alumino-silicates particles which could be plasma spray coated by using an Atmospheric Spray Coating Facility. About 220 microns thick nano-alumino silicate coatings were deposited on 75 microns thick commercial NiCrAlY bond coat on stainless steel substrates. The challenges involved in plasma spray coating the nano material with low density was in obtaining good deposition efficiency, retaining the nano micro structures and the structural phase composition of the coating. The coatings were evaluated for materials characteristics such as crystal structural phase via XRD, microstructure via SEM and chemical composition via EDS. The microstructure depicted fine grained nano-sized surface morphologies, kyanite and andalusite phase structure, with high potential for application as refractory coatings.
Experimental investigation to improve performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine by using n-butanol as additive to the biodiesel-diesel blends
Authors: Senthil Kumar D , Thirumalini S , Praveen H S S K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources and are limited in supply. The combustion of these fuels produces environmental pollution with the release of dangerous gases like Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide and Carbonaceous soot. In this sense, fuel like biodiesel produced from vegetable oils can be considered as a better alternative to the fossil fuels. For this study, waste cooking oil biodiesel is used. In this work, the effect of addition of n-butanol on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine running at the speed of 2300 rpm is investigated. The biodiesel is prepared by transesterification process using KOH as catalyst. n-Butanol is added to B20 blend in varying volume percentages of 5, 10 and 15 to evaluate its effect on performance and emission characteristics. It is observed that BU15 possesses better performance characteristics among n-butanol blends compared to B20 with an average decrease of 18% in BSFC and increase of 21% in BTE at high loads. The experimental results showed that NOx and CO2 emissions were further reduced by 19% and 28% respectively with the addition of butanol. There has been reduction in smoke emissions by 4.7% but an increase of 22% in HC emissions for n-butanol blends.
Fabrication of disposable electrochemical dopamine sensor using photoluminescent graphene oxide
Authors: Gunasekaran Sowmya , Raveendran Jeethu , Suneesh P V , Satheesh Babu T. G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) with photoluminescent property was prepared by modifiedHummer’s method. Spectroscopic and morphological studies were carried out using photoluminescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD and FE-SEM. Electrochemical dopamine sensor was fabricated by drop casting GO onto screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCE). Cyclic voltammogram, differential pulse voltammogram and amperometry were performed to test the fabricated sensor. The sensor exhibits wide detection range of 12.5 μM to 1 mM dopamine concentrations in 0.1 M PBS of pH 7.4. The major interferents such as ascorbic acid shown negligible current response compared to dopamine.
Design and simulation of passive micromixers with ridges for enhanced efficiency
Authors: Vijayanandh Vidhya , Pradeep Aarathi , Suneesh P V , Satheesh Babu T G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Uniform and rapid mixing between various streams in a microfluidic device is essential for the development of device involving reaction between multiple streams. In this work, microfluidic channels of various geometries were designed and their fluid flow patterns were analyzed to optimize complete mixing of different fluids. The designs were modified by incorporating different types of ridges (square, curved and triangular shaped) in the microfluidic channels. Numerical analysis of the designs was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3a. The extent of mixing in each of the design was calculated and the optimized design was fabricated using photolithography followed by soft lithography. The performance of the developed micromixer was studied using colored solutions and it was found to be in good agreement with the simulated results.