bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement and modeling of temperature evolution during methane desorption in coal
Authors: Gaowei Yue , Chunlin Zeng , Liupeng Huo , Xinjun Zheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe decrease of coal temperature has been confirmed by many tests during methane desorption in coal, including coal and gas outburst, but the thermal-dynamic process for methane desorption has not been quantitatively studied. Therefore, firstly, the coal temperature and gas pressure are measured by temperature and pressure sensors in the process of methane desorption. Secondly, isosteric heats of adsorption are calculated according to the adsorption isotherm. Finally, heat transfer model is established and simulate the temperature evolution during methane desorption in coal under different conditions (initial temperature and gas pressure). The real tests and simulation results show that a lot of heat will be absorbed from coal as methane desorbing, which causes the coal temperature will go down by 5.5 K, and methane desorption is no longer isothermal process. In the initial stage of methane desorption in coal, the coal temperature will decrease sharply to an extremely low value, then slowly rise to the previous ambient temperature. And at the same ambient temperature, the higher the initial methane equilibrium pressure is, the larger the temperature at the coal body center drops in the process of methane desorption. In the coal body, the farther away from the wall of the coal sample canister, the more significant the decrease of the coal body temperature is, and the longer the time is to reach extremely low value, which is mainly due to the different heat transfer coefficients at different positions in the coal body. The total specific power, which is a key index in heat transfer model to simulate the change of coal temperature, sharply decreases during methane desorption, because the methane desorption quantity in unit time decreases gradually. This study has an important practical significance to reveal the evolution mechanism of coal and gas outburst, and predict outburst with temperature change as an index.
Self-assembled nanorods in YBCO matrix – a computational study of their effects on critical current anisotropy
Authors: Rivasto Elmeri , Khan Mukarram Zaman , Malmivirta Mika , Rijckaert Hannes , Aye Moe Moe , Hynninen Teemu , Huhtinen Hannu , Driessche Isabel Van , Paturi Petriina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn order to understand how the doping with self-assembled nanorods of different sizes and concentrations as well as applied magnetic fields affect the critical current anisotropy in YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) thin films close to YBCO c-axis, we present an extensive and systematic computational study done by molecular dynamics simulation. The simulations are also used to understand experimentally measured Jc(θ) curves for BaHfO3, BaZrO3 and BaSnO3 doped YBCO thin films with the help of nanorod parameters obtained from transmission electron microscopy measurements. Our simulations reveal that the relation between applied and matching field plays a crucial role in the formation of Jc(θ)-peak around YBCO c-axis (c-peak) due to vortex-vortex interactions. We also find how different concentrations of different size nanorods effect the shape of the c-peak and explain how different features, such as double c-peak structures, arise. In addition to this, we have quantitatively explained that, even in an ideal superconductor, the overdoping of nanorods results in decrease of the critical current. Our results can be widely used to understand and predict the critical current anisotropy of YBCO thin films to improve and develop new pinscapes for various transport applications.
Perceptions of a Collaborative Professional Learning Program: Seeing the “Bigger Picture”
Authors: Buckley P. Charlie , Murza Kimberly A. , Cassel Tami 
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of special education practitioners (i.e., speech-language pathologists, special educators, para-educators, and other related service providers) on their role as communication partners after participation in the Social Communication and Engagement Triad (Buckley et al.,
2015
) yearlong professional learning program.

Method

A qualitative approach using interviews and purposeful sampling was used. A total of 22 participants who completed participation in either Year 1 or Year 2 of the program were interviewed. Participants were speech-language pathologists, special educators, para-educators, and other related service providers. Using a grounded theory approach (Glaser & Strauss,
1967
) to data analysis, open, axial, and selective coding procedures were followed.

Results
Three themes emerged from the data analysis and included engagement as the goal, role as a communication partner, and importance of collaboration.

Conclusions
Findings supported the notion that educators see the value of an integrative approach to service delivery, supporting students' social communication and engagement across the school day but also recognizing the challenges they face in making this a reality.
A Case Study: Unique Challenges of an Adolescent Female With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Frazier Kimberly F. , Collier Jessica , Glade Rachel 
Published: February 2020

Background
The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of combining self-management strategies and a social thinking approach to address the social performance and executive function of an adolescent female with autism spectrum disorder.

Method
This research examined the effects of a social knowledge training program, “Think Social,” as well as strategies to improve higher order cognitive abilities.

Results and Conclusion
Although quantitative improvement was not found, several qualitative gains in behavior were noted for the participants of this study, suggesting a benefit from using structured environmental cues of self-management strategies, as well as improved social understanding through social cognitive training.
Design and manufacturing of a multi-zone phase-shifting coronagraph mask for extremely large telescopes
Authors: Martinez P. , Beaulieu M. , Barjot K. , Guyon O. , Gouvret C. , Marcotto A. , Belhadi M. , Caillat A. , Behaghel T. , Tisserand S. , Sauget V. , Gautier S. , Le Duigou J. M. , Knight J. M. , Dohlen K. , Vigan A. , Abe L. , Preis O. , Spang A. , Dejonghe J. , N’Diaye M. 
Published: February 2020

Context. High-contrast imaging of exoplanets around nearby stars with future large-segmented apertures requires starlight suppression systems optimized for complex aperture geometries. Future extremely large telescopes (ELTs) equipped with high-contrast instruments operating as close as possible to the diffraction limit will open a bulk of targets in the habitable zone around M-stars. In this context, the phase-induced amplitude apodization complex mask coronagraph (PIAACMC) is a promising concept for high-efficiency coronagraphic imaging at small angular separations with segmented telescopes.
Aims. The complex focal plane mask of the PIAACMC is a multi-zone, phase-shifting mask comprised of tiled hexagons that vary in depth. The mask requires micro-fabrication techniques because it is generally made of hundreds micron-scale hexagonal zones with depths ranging over a few microns. We aim to demonstrate that the complex focal plane mask of a PIAACMC with a small inner working angle can be designed and manufactured for segmented apertures.
Methods. We report on the numerical design, specifications, manufacturing, and characterization of a PIAACMC complex focal plane mask for the segmented pupil experiment for exoplanet detection facility.
Results. Our PIAACMC design offers an inner working angle of 1.3 λ/D and is optimized for a 30% telescope-central-obscuration ratio including six secondary support structures (ESO/ELT design). The fabricated reflective focal plane mask is made of 499 hexagons, and the characteristic size of the mask features is 25 μm, with depths ranging over ±0.4 μm. The mask sag local deviation is measured to an average error of 3 nm and standard deviation of 6 nm rms. The metrological analysis of the mask using interferential microscopy gives access to an in-depth understanding of the component’s optical quality, including a complete mapping of the zone depth distribution zone-depth distribution. The amplitude of the errors in the fabricated mask are within the wavefront control dynamic range.
Conclusions. We demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating and characterizing high-quality PIAA complex focal plane masks.
Messungen zur Aushärtungstiefe von Bulk-Fill-Kompositen
Authors: Krause Inga , Althaus Annette , Köllner Christine , Kubusova Lubomira , Gente Michael 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Aushärtungstiefe von Kompositen hängt von der applizierten Lichtdosis und den spezifischen Eigenschaften des verwendeten Materials ab. Während für herkömmliche Komposite eine maximale Schichtdicke von 2 mm zur vollständigen Aushärtung erlaubt ist, ermöglichen Bulk-Fill-Komposite sogar bei 4 mm dicken Schichten eine vollständige Lichtpolymerisation. In Anlehnung an das Messverfahren nach ISO 4049 wurden Proben der Bulk-Fill-Komposite Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent), x-tra fil (VOCO) und des Ormocers Admira Fusion x-tra (VOCO) getestet, um herauszufinden, ob die vom Hersteller angegebenen Belichtungszeiten tatsächlich die geforderte Aushärtungstiefe von 4 – 5 mm erreichen. Bei einer Lichtdosis von 10 J/cm2, die von der verwendeten Polymerisationslampe Celalux 2 innerhalb von ca. 14 Sekunden appliziert wurde, wurden Aushärtungstiefen von 4,6 sowie 6,3 und 4,6 mm gemessen. Eine Verdoppelung der Lichtdosis erhöhte bzw. eine Halbierung erniedrigte den jeweiligen Wert um 0,96 sowie 0,75 und 0,85 mm.
Defining Off-road Running: A Position Statement from the Ultra Sports
Science Foundation
Authors: Scheer Volker , Basset Patrick , Giovanelli Nicola , Vernillo Gianluca , Millet Gregoire P. , Costa Ricardo J. S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOff-road running continues to grow in popularity, with differing event categories
existing, and terminologies are often used interchangeably and without
precision. Trail running, mountain running, skyrunning, fell running,
orienteering, obstacle course racing and cross-country running all take place
predominantly in off-road terrain. Ultramarathon running refers to any running
event over marathon distance conducted in any terrain and surface. Although some
overlap may exist between these running events, mainly through the common
denominator of off-road terrain, distinct features need to be recognised. As
scientific interest in these activities grows, it becomes important to clarify
these terms and develop a universal language for discussing these events.
Similarly, off-road running athletes are generally not properly defined within
the scientific literature, which makes intra- and inter-study comparisons
difficult. The current position statement of the Ultra Sports Science Foundation
highlights the different off-road running events and recommends clear reference
to distance, surface, elevation change and altitude, type of event (continuous
vs. staged), type of support, name and year of the event, governing body, and
guidance on terminology. We further recommend to describe off-road running
athletes by basic data, physiological determinants, training and competition
characteristics in the scientific literature in order to facilitate and guide
further research and practice.
Relaxation and tilting of single and double layer structures of AlGaSb/GaSb-LPE studied by high resolution x-ray diffraction
Authors: Lopez-Salazar Primavera , Juarez-Diaz Gabriel , Martinez-Juarez Javier , Sosa-Rivadeneyra Martha Virginia , Contreras-Rascón Jorge I , Palomino-Jimenez Carlos , Luna-Lopez José Alberto 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Epitaxial AlGaSb double-layer structures grown on GaSb (001) substrates by Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) were analyzed by high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD). Four AlGaSb double-layer structures grown at 450 °C were analyzed varying the thickness of the first layer and maintaining the same thickness for a second layer growth. Symmetric reciprocal space mapping measurements around the (004) reflection and asymmetric rocking curves around the (115) reflections have revealed that a subsequent Al0.15Ga0.985Sb growth on an Al0.047Ga0.953Sb layer modifies the relaxation and lattice tilting of the first layer. This behavior is attributed to the formation of dislocations within the layers during the growth and transported between them. In this work, the study was realized ex situ and is in well agreement with in situ studies and theoretical predictions on the relaxation of epitaxial films in diverse materials. The structural analysis of lattice distortion in epitaxial layers is relevant since it could modify the electrical behavior of optoelectronic devices building with them.
Early spring egg hatching by the American lobster (Homarus americanus) linked to rising water temperature in autumn
Authors: Haarr Marthe Larsen , Comeau Michel , Chassé Jöel , Rochette Rémy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncreasing ocean temperatures may affect life cycles of organisms whose biological processes are temperature-dependent. Our objective was to determine whether hatching time of American lobster (Homarus americanus), which has a 2-year reproductive cycle, has advanced in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada, in response to rising temperature. We investigated temporal trends in hatching time 1989–2014 using fisheries monitoring data. We considered two metrics: the first week of the year when ovigerous females with prehatch or hatching clutches were observed [onset-of-hatching (OH)] and the rate of change in the ratio of females with prehatch/hatching vs. developing clutches each spring fishing season [rate of clutch development (RCD)]. OH advanced by 5 weeks and RCD increased by 40% on average. Comparisons of OH and RCD to cumulative degree-days going back 2 years prior to hatching suggested an effect of higher fall temperatures during early ovarian and embryonic development. The advancement of hatching time in response to environmental conditions 6–18 months before hatching occurs could lead to a mismatch with larval prey species with shorter life cycles. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring phenology of fished species and the need for further research into potential impacts of phenological changes.
Policy Dynamics in Federal Systems: A Framework for Analysis
Authors: Weaver R Kent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA central puzzle in federalism research is that federal arrangements have been associated with a variety of policy effects, ranging from emulation of policy innovations among sub-national units to policy variation based on preferences of state or provincial voters and elites to a competitive “race to the bottom.” This article outlines twelve federalism policy dynamics discussed in the literature and provides an analytical framework for understanding when specific policy dynamics are likely to emerge, in either a strong or muted form. Shifts in four sets of facilitating and limiting conditions shape specific federalism policy dynamics and their emergence, consolidation, or weakening over time.
Commercial Interests in Continuing Medical Education: Where Do Electronic Health Record Vendors Fit?
Authors: Rubinstein Pesha F. , Middleton Blackford , Goodman Kenneth W. , Lehmann Christoph U. 
Published: February 2020

The Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) will not accredit an organization that it defines as a commercial interest, that is an entity that produces, markets, resells, or distributes health care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. Thus, commercial interests are not eligible to be accredited organizations offering continuing medical education (CME) credit to physicians. This decision is based on the concern that commercial interests may use CME events to market their products or services to physicians, who then might inappropriately prescribe or administer those products or services to patients. Studies have shown that CME events supported by pharmaceutical companies, for example, have influenced physicians’ prescribing behaviors.
Currently, however, the ACCME does not recognize electronic health record (EHR) vendors, which are part of a multi-billion-dollar business, as commercial interests, and it accredits them to provide or directly influence CME events. Like pharmaceutical company-sponsored CME events, EHR vendor activities, which inherently only focus on use of the sponsoring vendor’s EHR system despite its potential intrinsic limitations, can lead to physician reciprocity. Such events also may inappropriately influence EHR system purchases, upgrades, and implementation decisions. These actions can negatively influence patient safety and care. Thus, the authors of this Perspective call on the ACCME to recognize EHR vendors as commercial interests and remove them from the list of accredited CME providers.
Analysis of the Factors Affecting Lumbar Segmental Lordosis After Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Otsuki Bungo , Fujibayashi Shunsuke , Takemoto Mitsuru , Kimura Hiroaki , Shimizu Takayoshi , Murata Koichi , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
To elucidate factors that determine segmental lordosis after lateral retroperitoneal lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.

Summary of Background Data.
LLIF has been widely used in degenerative lumbar spine surgery. However, the detailed mechanisms that determine segmental lordosis are still unknown.

Methods.
A total of 69 patients who underwent LLIF with posterior pedicle screw fixation without posterior osteotomy were analyzed. Computed tomography was performed before and within 2 weeks after surgery, and segmental lordotic angle (SLA) after surgery (Post-SLA) was predicted using multiple regression analysis. Explanatory factors considered in this study included SLA before surgery (Pre-SLA), disc height before surgery (DiscH), cage position (CageP; distance between the center of the cage and the center of the disc, where a positive value indicates an anterior cage position), cage angle (CageA), cage height (CageH), CageH–DiscH (amount of lift up), previous decompression surgery, and level fused.

Results.
A total of 102 levels were analyzed. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the Post-SLA can be predicted with three independent variables, CageP, Pre-SLA, and CageH–DiscH and the adjusted R2 was 0.70. In cases when the cage was located anteriorly (CageP > 3 mm), Post-SLA was greater with larger CageH, larger CageA, and larger Pre-SLA. When the cage was located in the middle (3 mm ≤CageP ≤–1 mm), Post-SLA was greater with larger CageP, larger Pre-SLA, and without previous decompression surgery. If the cage was located posteriorly (CageP < –1 mm), Post-SLA was greater with smaller CageH–DiscH and greater Pre-SLA.

Conclusion.
To gain maximum segmental lordosis in LLIF, the cage should be located anteriorly. Furthermore, if the cage can be located anteriorly, a thicker cage with proper angle cage will gain segmental lordosis. If the cage is located posteriorly, a thin cage should be selected.

Level of Evidence: 3
The Insertion Site Should Be Considered for the Empirical Therapy of Short-Term Central Venous and Arterial Catheter-Related Infections*
Authors: Buetti Niccolò , Ruckly Stéphane , Lucet Jean-Christophe , Perozziello Anne , Mimoz Olivier , Souweine Bertrand , Timsit Jean-François 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
Little is known on causative pathogens of intravascular catheters infection according to the catheter insertion site. The present study aimed to describe the epidemiology of causative microorganisms of catheter-related infection and colonization according to the insertion site.

Design:
Multicenter observational study using data from four large randomized controlled trials investigating different prevention strategies in which extensive prospective high-quality data collection at catheter insertion and catheter removal was performed.

Setting:
Twenty-five ICUs in France.

Patients:
Patients were recruited from 2006 to 2014 as soon as they required a catheterization with a short-term central venous catheter or peripheral arterial catheter with an expected duration of use of more than 48 hours. We described the distribution of microorganisms in central venous catheter and arterial catheter-related bloodstream infections and colonization according to the insertion type (femoral vs nonfemoral) included in the four studies.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A total of 7,235 patients and 15,259 catheters were included. Among central venous catheter, the distribution of microorganisms associated with catheter-related bloodstream infection and colonization was significantly different between femoral and nonfemoral sites. Among central venous catheter catheter-related bloodstream infection, nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli were more frequently detected at the femoral site (31% vs 4% for nonfemoral site; p < 0.01). After adjustment for confounding factors, the femoral site was still associated with an increased risk for catheter-related bloodstream infection due to nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (odds ratio, 6.33; 95% CI, 1.59–25.28; p < 0.01). Among colonized arterial catheters, the distribution of microorganisms was significantly different between femoral and radial site (p < 0.01). Colonized arterial catheters due to nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli were more frequently observed at the femoral site (20% vs nonfemoral site 12%; p = 0.01).

Conclusions:
The proportion of intravascular catheter infections due to nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli was high for the femoral insertion site. Empirical antipseudomonal therapy should be considered if a femoral catheter-related bloodstream infection is suspected.