bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification system by Tongue based on Bhattacharyya distance
Authors: Ibrahim Assit.prof.Abdul-Wahab Sami , Jamal Hindi Rasha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Tongue recognition is a biometric technique that can be applied to different areas of expression of human identity. Recognition of the tongue is a difficult and complex problem that is important for surveillance, security, and intelligent interaction between computers and humans.
The main idea of proposed system rely that on that any image of a person’s tongue has multiple unique features. Those features vary from on tongue to another. The system proposed in this paper uses group, the Extract the characteristics based on the wavelet Transform where it uses information color (color space RGB) at a certain form of detailed wavelet transforms (discrete wavelet transform), and use of Bhattacharyya distance for comparison between persons.
The tongue datasets that are used for of the suggested system are gathered from 30 volunteers of various samples; 4 have been from every individual, images have been captured in various expressions, illuminations, orientations, skin colors, backgrounds, varied in the age) from male and female, results indicated the discrimination rate for waveleting 72%, persons were recognized using Bhattacharyya distance by 93%.
Video Summarization for Copyright Protection
Authors: Basma Mustafa M. H , Ali Suhad A. , Jabbar Jawad Majid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, a summarization of videos for copyright application is an interested research area in computer vision. Key frames extraction is crucial phase in video summarization. This work proposed a method for key frames extraction. The method consists of two operations for covering the content of the whole video sequence. Firstly, a set of candidates key frames are extracted based on adaptive thresholding of difference of histogram of adjacent frames of video data. Secondly, the extraction of a final key frames is done depending on computing Euclidian distance between two adjacent frames in candidates key frames set. The proposed method was tested with a set of standard and online television videos. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed system.
Machine learning based for reducing energy conserving in WSN
Authors: Noori Shaker Bassam , Joundy Hazar Manar , Raheem Alzaidi Esraa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Two main factors pose challenges in designing wireless sensor network systems, namely energy and bandwidth. In this paper, we will focus on the topic of decreasing energy consuming in wireless networks by employing the Artificial intelligent in this domain. In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the sensors are working by small batteries. Since the small batteries are restricted power resources, they should use carefully. The proposed algorithm extends the life of these batteries by making use of artificial intelligence science in general and cluster technology in particular, by finding the optimal number of clusters for the network so that the routing process consumes the least amount of energy and that is the bottleneck in the energy consumption in the network. The K-mean algorithm used as the basis for the network sensor clustering process and optimal fixed packet size used according to radio parameters and transceiver channel conditions. By following this manner, the energy consumption of each sensor node can be decreased individually then the overall network lifetime will be increased.
A modified technique to evaluate the reliability of Atomium Bridge
Authors: Abdul-Razaq Abeer A. , Khlaif Jiheel Alaa , Ouda Ahmed A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper provides a new innovation in order to evaluate the reliability of Atomium Bridge, which represent a network with minimal/minimum cycle paths between entry/exit node, as well as computer programming has been used to a create an algorithm which calculates the reliability of this bridge.
First Integral Method for Constructing New Exact Solutions of The important Nonlinear Evolution Equations in Physics
Authors: Hasan Faeza L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, some new exact solutions of the important nonlinear partial differential equations in physics as Gardener’s equation and Sharma-Tasso-Over equation are formally derived by utilizing the first integral method, where it is equipment us with many exact solutions by using the travelling wave transform, then deduce a system of ordinary differential equations which is solved by depending on theorem in commutative algebra and with helping the mathematical software like Maple and Wolfram Mathematica.
The role of information technology in national security
Authors: Yeganegi Kamran , Arbabi Zahra , Ibrahim Hussein Asma 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The use of information and communication technologies has been increasing day-today throughout the world since the 1980s, as these technologies seem to reduce the complexity of issues for governments and at the same time reduce the context. Provided for the complex interdependencies between governments. This dual function of information and communication technologies has caused security problems for countries, especially underdeveloped countries, in terms of lower access or, in other words, the digital divide of advanced countries. The growing challenge in the security of nations is a major concern for everyone, in order to tackle this challenge a great amount of effort must be dedicated. Multiple related questions are asked in this article: Are we capable of IT and Ensure Homeland Security Strategy in Different Countries Do Intelligence Agencies Have the Right IT Infrastructure for the Purposes of Collecting, Sharing, and Disseminating Information? Is there Enough Monitoring Equipment? Information technology plays a significant role and will continue to strengthen the national security against future upcoming threats and cyber-attacks. Particularly, information technology can help countries to identify potential threats, share information easily, and protect mechanisms in them. Provide and develop capabilities.
The Impact of the Use of the Strategy (the five steps) Modified (SQRRE) in the Achievement of Students in the Fifth Grade in Mathematics
Authors: Al-Ubodi Dr. Ahmed Hamzah Abed 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The current research aims to amend the strategy (five steps) to adapt it to the mathematics of the students of the fifth grade of primary and to know the impact of the modified strategy on the achievement of the fifth grade students in mathematics. The strategy of the five steps or the so-called Robinson model was used, the sample consisted of (76) female students from Al-Tabarsi Primary School for Girls with two groups. The first group was experimental with 38 students. The second group was control with 38 students. The sample was selected randomly, the search tool was the achievement test was to make sure his psychometric properties, has been the use of the alpha Cronbach equation and test (t) for two independent samples of statistical means, and the results showed.There were statistically significant differences in the achievement test for the two research groups and for the experimental group which was taught according to the modified five steps strategy. By the results, a set of recommendations were written.
FGM Copula’s Extension Via Polynomial Function
Authors: Al-Adilee Ahmed , Mohammed Mahdi Ali 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study is concerned with generalizing the well-known family of FGM copula in terms of a polynomial function. A general form of the FGM copula via a copula function is proposed in order to obtain a new FGM copula family. Various particular cases have been presented according to the degree of the polynomial function. Proofs of necessary and sufficient conditions of the created copulas have been explained so that we guarantee that the desire function is copula. We firstly propose and define a general form that associate the FGM copula with a polynomial function. Graphs and some extra properties are presented as explanatory tool of some degrees of the obtain copula. Finally, we present some important calculations related to the most popular dependences by means of the FGM copula extension.
Optimal Design, Simulation and implementation of Solar Photo-voltaic Panels in Hybrid electric vehicles using CATIA V5R19 software integrated with ANSYS 13.0 versions
Authors: Sharma Shubham , Obaid Ahmed J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The primary motive of this research investigation is to explore out by enforcing the sun powered energy in the present hybrid electric vehicles, which signifies precipitous plummet in pollutants and harmful contaminants of environment. Solar powered coercing vehicles are environmental friendly however can’t attain to most reliable speed in certain specific time-interval. The operational functioning of two dissimilar fuels collectively may be one of the most advantageous aspects of this novel concept. CATIA V5R19 is appropriate podium for the design outlining of vehicles which this particular research study is aiming. After analyzing the blueprint layout, for computation or estimating of forces, load, internal resisting force and lateral strain performing at the front and rear collisions of structural body-on-frames, ANSYS 13.0 version platform was utilized for software primarily based modeling and simulation. Output statistics or facts figures are premeditated to determine the technical factors of solar powered hybrid vehicles. Solar hybrid electric vehicles have high competencies of an overall recital as its enormous arrangement of traditional fuel engine, possesses high powered electric-vehicle-battery & solar photo-voltaic panel modules.
Three band absorber design and optimization by neural network algorithm
Authors: Shawkat Shihab A. , Saeed Lateef Al-badri Khalid , Al_Barazanchi Israa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, multi band absorber design based on signal absorbing metamaterial. After the metamaterial structure has been designed, the split gap is optimized by the neural network algorithm to get optimum absorption. By this way, metamaterial MTM absorber for stealth applications design has been created. In the simulation, the MTM signal absorbing was found to have three excellent absorption bands at x-band 8.41 GHz, 9.73 GHz, and 12.1 GHz with absorption level 91.65%, 99.35%, and 96.6% respectively. When the increasing the split gap diminution lead to nonlinear change in absorption level additionally resonance frequency. This proposed structure can be used as a multi band absorber application, stealth applications, and energy harvesting.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanostructure and Their Application as H2S Gas Sensor
Authors: Ali Zainab S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanostructure are successfully synthesized by using hydrothermal method. Structural, morphology, optical properties have been studied for thin films (CZTS) deposited via spin-coating method. X-ray diffraction show that the films have pure tetragonal-kesterite structure preferred orientation along (112) . The FE- SEM shows that (CZTS) have a nano-sphere like structure, consist with diameters less than 35 nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy measurement showed that absorption coefficient (α <104 cm−1) and the band gap energy is equal to 1.42 eV. The Sensitivity properties of (CZTS) samples for H2S gas was tested at various operating temperature and found that the highest sensitivity is (83.63 %) at T=150 ºC.
Simulation Design of Hollow Core Photonic Crystal fiber for Sensing Water Quality
Authors: Muhammed N F , Mahmood A I , Kadhim Sh A , Naseef I A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this work we submit a simulation design to sense the water quality using hollow core photonic crystal fiber. The work of this types of optical fibers depending on the variety of structural design and geometrical parameters. The numerical results are studied by using the Finite Element Method (FEM) through COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS simulation software. Different concentrations from (0%) to (100%) of D2O and H2O2 solution in water as sensed liquid had been chosen. The studied HC-PCF investigated for analyzing the relative sensitivity, effective area and confinement loss at wavelength range from (1) µm to (2) µm.
Chaos Generation Utilizing Optical Feedback Technique with Modern Applications
Authors: Naser Hayder A , Mousa Salam K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This overview summarizes the physical interpretation of chaos phenomenon and the most fundamental principles of Laser chaos generation by using optical feedback technique, the significant characteristics of deterministic chaos technique are mentioned with the moves from ordered state to the chaotic state. The description of the semiconductor lasers used to generate this phenomenon is studied with the multiple instances of laser performance before and after reaching chaos. The most important contemporary applications of chaos are in secure communication and Secure transmission digital images. The first section in your paper
Effect of Annealing on Copper Oxide Thin Films and Its Application in Solar Cells
Authors: Hussain Afnan N. , Hassoon Khaleel I. , Hassan Mustafa A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cupric Oxide (CuO) thin films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) method at 400°C on glass and p-type Si substrate and then the films were annealed at 500°C and 600°C. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the thin films are measured. The analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) has confirmed amorphous phase mixed with polycrystalline features in the form of monoclinic structure. However, the polycrystalline CuO disappeared and changed to crystallite phase with increasing of annealing temperature. The values of bandgap energy (Eg) of the films were calculated using the absorbance data recorded by a spectrophotometer (UV-VIS). The calculated Eg using Tauc plot was about 2.45 eV which increased with increasing of annealing temperature. CuO thin films with high conductivity have been used to fabricate a hetrojunction solar cell of CuO/p-Si at 600°C which give Rs = 111Ω, Rsh = 7kΩ and a conversion efficiency of 1.24×10−4%.
The Performance of High-efficiency Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC) by Using Capacitance Simulator
Authors: Ahmed Muhanad A. , Ahmed Emad H. , Sabri Mohammed M. , Abed Wathiq R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Organic-inorganic perovskite-based solar cell fascinated researchers around the world with their immense interest. Since 2009, intensive work on photovoltaic perovskite systems reached efficiencies over 20% relative to silicon-based solar cells with a current efficiency of approximately 17%. The current research paper presents the suitable choice of solar cell materials such as hole transport materials, type of perovskite material, the electron transport layer among others. A photovoltaic device is then built using the chosen materials which are then investigated through simulations using the SCAPS 1D program to determine the effects that these layer materials have on the performance of the overall PV device. Simulation methods are also used to optimize the parameters of the constructed device such as the thickness of the electrodes, the hole transport layer and the light absorber material. The simulation results showed an efficiency of 20.34 % using gold (Au) contacts.
Design and Implementation of an Efficient Solar Tracker System
Authors: Nori Abbas F. , Mohammed Faisel G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The world is highly interested in using solar energy as an alternative to fossil energy. Changing the shape of solar systems was adopted to improve its work efficiency. Although the solar tracker is made to be more efficient than the fixed solar system, the work to develop it is yet uncompleted. In this paper, the solar tracker system is used, which works by (LDR) sensors, microcontroller Arduino UNO for controlling the system, and DC motors. The extent of the impact of the solar tracker was studied with its work time. The worked electric circuit for the timer was run the system for one minute and shut-down the system circuit for 29 minutes, the comparison of the work of the tracker was done with a timer and without timer. Finally, according to the amount of gain and loss of energy, it was found that the energy gains about 96.25% from timer system only, and the lost energy from the solar panel because used the timer is about (0.238 to 0.475) % only. The workplace lies in (32o01’49.08” N, 44o22’21.83” E, in Iraq), in August, to real solar panel type.
Effective computations of module inverses with the Approximating k-ary GDD Algorithm by Ishmukhametov
Authors: Al Khalidi Arkan M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Finite field calculations are used in modern cryptographic protocols for generating keys, encrypting and decrypting data, and building an electronic digital signature. The module inversing is necessary part of these calculations based on the extended Euclidean algorithm. Ishmukhametov developed a new algorithm for calculating the greatest common divisor of natural numbers called the approximat-ing algorithm which is a variant of the k-ary GCD Algorithm by J. Sorenson. In this paper we develop an extension version of this algorithm.
Communication by 16 scrolls attractors of Chua’s circuit
Authors: Shahatha Sattar A , Malik Mutasim I , Asi Eidan A , Jasim Huda A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper analyses the chaotic signals which are always broadband, and similar to noise but they are deterministic. In our paper, we use Chua’s circuit to provide a class of signals (chaotic signals) that can be used in different communications as carrier signals which masking the data. The synchronization feature that occurs between the systems are exploited in our work. On this basis, Chua’s chaotic circuits were synchronized and data was transferred between the two circuits. The data were hidden in the output of the first Chua’s circuit and transferred to the second chaotic circuit, then these data was showed after the merging between the two chaotic signals. We also doubled the number of Chua’s circuit’s scrolls for about 16 scrolls and showed that by increasing the number of scrolls, the reliability of data transfer was increasing.
Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Cells at Varying Environmental Parameters and Solar Cell Precise Algorithm
Authors: Ali Ronak , Obaid Ahmed J , Rasheed Haroon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Start your abstract here…olar irradiation and the temperature affects the output of photovoltaic modules in great extent. Environmental and electrical parameters affect the photovoltaic (PV) output power. Environmental parameters like solar radiance and temperatures has major contribution in PV output power. This research gives the precise algorithm for PV system simulation in Matlab. This research gives the simulation of current, voltage and power on different solar radiance level and temperature values. For allowing interaction with power converter, therefore this is mandatory to illustrate simulation that is based on circuit for PV cell. Simulation blocks are similar to PV module and they are compatible with various crusytalline modules and different types of PV arrays. Concentrated photovoltaic systems are being operated at higher temperature than fixed PV setup, and system efficiencies and material properties has been affected with higher temperature. Hence, thorough understating of high temperature are very important. Misalignment and optics tolerances causes decrement in cell efficiency. As direct sunlight is used by PV system, therefore proper system design can reduce sensitivity to errors.
Influence Investigation of Rolling Bearing Test Conditions on the Informativity Assessment of their Technical Condition
Authors: Kudryavtseva I S , Naumenko A P , Odinets A I , Basakin V V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Establishing patterns of the relationship of informative diagnostic parameters signals’s and test modes and operation of rolling bearings is an urgent task of technical diagnostics. The determining factor in the use of certain methods for assessing the condition and bearings faults, as well as the use of certain informative diagnostic parameters, is their sensitivity to changes in the condition of the bearing or to the size and degree of the defect development. The paper presents the results of the dependence study of the rolling bearings vibration parameters on the test and operation conditions: the rotation frequency of the inner ring, axial and radial loads. Numerical values of the listed factors are obtained that are optimal for testing bearings at the input control according to the sensitivity criterion. The study was conducted in accordance with the provisions of the experiment planning theory. It has been established that the magnitude of the vibration parameters and the level of components at the frequencies of bearing defects depend on the speed of rotation in direct proportion and increase with the deterioration of the technical condition of the bearings. It was experimentally confirmed that axial and radial loads significantly affect the values of the controlled vibration parameters only when defects appear in the tested bearings.
Issues of constructing scanning hybrid 3D measuring heads for high-precision contact and non-contact coordinate measurements of product dimension
Authors: Leun E V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article presents a model of mechanical contact of a spherical tip and a product with small forces according to elastic deformations (further – deformations) taking into account the appearance of material deformations in the gap between them along the perimeter of the contact zone in the form of so-called piles-up. Dependences are obtained that link the gap with the deformation and the piles-up size. A graph is constructed for these parameters, the general form of which is close to the function of a single jump ∼1(l-Rpile), where Rpile is the radius of the pile-up.
The developed design and operating principle of the scanning hybrid fiber-optical measuring head (FOMH) based on the use of a small-sized spatial light modulator in the form of a fiber-optic piezoscanner with the formation of scanning movements of the laser beam and the measurement of gaps between the tip and the product are described. The possibilities of providing high-precision measurements of laser beam deflection angles during scanning movements by using acousto-optic heterodyne interference measurement systems are considered.
A geometric model for following the intended trajectories from the pursuer to the target
Authors: Dubanov A A , Ausheev T V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article describes algorithms simulating the trajectory of the intended movement from the pursuer to the target at any given time. In the previously considered models of adaptive behavior, the pursuer and the target analyzed the coordinates of the opponent in the game and made an automatic decision where to move. In the models described in this article the behavior of the pursuer is determined by the location of the intersection point of the radius circle equal to the discrete step of the target and the assumed simulated trajectory at a given time.