bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Light Therapy on Osteoarthritis and Its Sequelae in Aging and Older Adults
Authors: Bridges Michael , Hilliard Jeremy , Chui Kevin 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To assess the effectiveness of therapeutic phototherapy including laser, light-emitting diode, and supraluminous diode energy, in the management of osteoarthritis in aging and older adults.

Methods:
A systematic review of PubMed and CINAHL was completed using the following search terms and their associated abbreviations: laser, supraluminous diode (SLD), or light-emitting diode (LED) combined with therapy, intervention, or treatment. We included randomized controlled trials published between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2018, written in English, and included human subjects who had a central tendency for age greater than or equal to 50 years.

Results:
Twenty-two randomized controlled trials met our search criteria. Multiple pathologies were evaluated including knee osteoarthritis (n = 20), total hip arthroplasty (n = 1), and hand osteoarthritis (n = 1). Of these 22 studies, 2 compared laser to control, 8 compared laser to sham or placebo, 1 compared laser to therapeutic exercise, 1 compared laser with exercise to control, 3 compared laser paired with exercise to exercise only, 4 compared laser with exercise to placebo with exercise, 3 compared laser to other modalities, 3 compared laser with other modalities to other modalities, 1 compared laser with other modalities to exercise with other modalities, 1 compared laser with exercise and glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate (GCS) to GCS and exercise as well as placebo and exercise, 1 compared laser intensities, and 2 compared laser used with ultrasound (US) to placebo as well as combination laser/US with exercise to placebo and only the combination laser/US unit. As demonstrated by this variability, a meta-analysis was not appropriate. Studies on knee osteoarthritis varied slightly in their results, but the majority of groups that received laser showed significant improvements in pain, function, and quality of life when compared with placebo or control. High-intensity laser demonstrated larger improvements when compared with low-level laser therapy. Histological studies found significant changes in some of the markers associated with tissue healing favoring the laser treatment groups.

Conclusion:
The studies included all used a form of laser in their light therapy treatment protocols. There is some evidence that light therapy may provide statistically significant improvements in pain, function, and quality of life; however, results varied from study to study. Further research is needed to better evaluate the parameters associated with laser when used to treat conditions associated with osteoarthritis that affect aging and older adults.
Association Between Gait, Cognition, and Gray Matter Volumes in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls
Authors: Cosentino Elena , Palmer Katie , Della Pietà Camilla , Mitolo Micaela , Meneghello Francesca , Levedianos Giorgio , Iaia Vincenzo , Venneri Annalena 
Published: January 2020

Aims:
To assess the correlation between cognitive functioning and 3 gait parameters (gait speed, cadence, and stride length) in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively healthy controls and investigate linear correlations between gait and gray matter volumes.

Materials and Methods:
Participants were recruited at IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy (MCI=43; age-matched controls=43). Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Gait speed, cadence, and stride length, were assessed with the BTS FREEMG 300 device. Three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted MR images were acquired using a 1.5 T Philips Achieva MRI system with a Turbo Field Echo sequence.

Results:
In MCI there was a positive correlation between gait speed and memory tests (P<0.05). In controls all 3 gait parameters correlated with executive functioning (P<0.01). Temporal and limbic areas (ie, superior temporal gyrus, thalamus and parahippocampal gyrus) were associated with gait parameters in MCI whereas in controls the associations were with frontal areas (ie, middle, inferior, and superior frontal gyrus) and in the cerebellum (anterior and posterior lobe).

Conclusions:
Our results highlight a distinct pattern of association between gray matter volume and gait parameters in MCI patients and controls (temporal areas in MCI and frontal areas in healthy elderly), suggesting a relationship between dementia-related pathology and gait dysfunction.
Perceptions and Life Experiences of Patients With Wound Healing by Secondary Intention After the Removal of Thoracic Drainage Tube
Authors: Chen Yi , Wang Xun , Ding Wei , Wu Linzhu , Zhao Xuehua 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of patients with wound healing by secondary intention after the removal of a thoracic drainage tube.

DESIGN:
A qualitative phenomenological study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
After removal of the tube, patients who were attending a nursing clinic that provides WOC care to a population of around 1 million people in Suzhou, China, were invited to participate.

METHODS:
Semistructured interviews were digitally audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analysis of data was performed using Colaizzi's 7-step thematic analysis.

RESULTS:
Three major themes emerged from the interviews, namely, emotional stress response, impaired social function, and increased disease burden.

CONCLUSION:
Patients with wound healing by secondary intention after the removal of the drainage tube perceived they experienced an emotional stress reaction accompanied by increased psychological and economic burden. They also experienced impaired social function. There is a critical need to develop health education plans for use during the pre- and postoperative periods to reduce emotional, social, and economic consequences associated with delayed wound healing.
Image of Electroconvulsive Therapy in YouTube Videos
Authors: Genc Esra Sena , Wu Hanjing Emily , Pinjari Omar F. , Fernandez Luis A. , Henchcliffe Blake E. , Husain Mustafa , Selek Salih 
Published: January 2020

Objectives
Image of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in TV shows and movies have been studied before. However, there is no study about image of ECT on YouTube as one of the most commonly used social media platforms for disseminating health information. Our study aims to study the image of ECT in YouTube videos.

Methods
Key word “Electroconvulsive therapy and ECT” were used to search on Youtube.com and only videos over 50,000 view counts and in English were selected. Above videos were reviewed by an ECT physician and were classified into neutral, negative, and positive groups based on the image of ECT.

Results
There were 41 YouTube videos selected based on the criteria as stated above, among which 14 were unrelated with ECT treatment, 8 were neutral, 9 were positive, and 10 were reflecting negative image about ECT. There was no significant difference among view counts of the positive, negative and neutral videos (χ2 = 2.746, P = 0.253). Furthermore, the most viewed 3 videos showed negative image of ECT. Additionally, only 6 videos showed the modified ECT and one showed both modified and nonmodified ECT.

Conclusions
This is the first study conducted on image of ECT in YouTube videos. We found the stigma against ECT may persist in digital video platforms, such as YouTube.
Implicit and explicit motor learning interventions for gait in people after stroke: a process evaluation of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jie Li-Juan , Kleynen Melanie , Meijer Kenneth , Beurskens Anna , Braun Susy 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundGait training within stroke rehabilitation can be applied using implicit or explicit motor learning approaches. Explicit learning is a more conscious approach to learning, in which many detailed instructions about the movement are provided to the learner. Implicit learning strives to take place in a more automatic manner, without much knowledge of the underlying facts and rules of the movement.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the implicit and explicit motor learning walking interventions for people after stroke delivered in a randomized controlled trial were performed as intended (fidelity) and to report the therapist and participant experiences with regard to feasibility.MethodsFidelity was assessed by evaluating the dose delivered (number of therapy sessions) and content of instructions (explicit rules) that were collected through the therapist logs and audio recordings of the training sessions. The therapist and participant experiences were assessed by means of self-developed questionnaires.Results79 people were included of which seven people (9%) dropped out. The remaining participants all received the required minimum of seven sessions. Overall therapists adhered to the intervention guideline. On average 5.2 and 0.4 explicit rules were used within the explicit and implicit group respectively. Therapists and participants were generally positive about the feasibility but frequent comments were made by the therapists regarding “therapy time restrictions” and “tendency of the participants to develop explicit rules”.ConclusionDelivery of the implicit and explicit motor learning walking interventions were successful in terms of fidelity. Therapists and participants were generally positive about the feasibility of the intervention.
Convergent cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence for gaming-cue specific posterior parietal dysregulations in early stages of Internet Gaming Disorder
Authors: Yu Fangwen , Sariyska Rayna , Lachmann Bernd , Wang Qianqian , Reuter Martin , Weber Bernd , Trautner Peter , Yao Shuxia , Montag Christian , Becker Benjamin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExaggerated reactivity to drug-cues and emotional dysregulations represent key symptoms of early stages of substance use disorders. The diagnostic criteria for (Internet) Gaming Disorder strongly resemble symptoms for substance-related addictions. However, previous cross-sections studies revealed inconsistent results with respect to neural cue reactivity and emotional dysregulations in these populations. To this end the present fMRI study applied a combined cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal design in excessive online gamers (n=37) and gaming-naïve controls (n=67). To separate gaming-associated changes from predisposing factors, gaming-naive subjects were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of daily Internet gaming or a non-gaming condition. At baseline and after the training subjects underwent an fMRI paradigm presenting gaming-related cues and non-gaming related emotional stimuli. Cross-sectional comparisons revealed gaming-cue specific enhanced valence attribution and neural reactivity in a parietal network, including the posterior cingulate/precuneus in excessive gamers as compared to gaming naïve-controls. Prospective analysis revealed that six weeks of gaming elevated valence ratings as well as neural cue-reactivity in a similar parietal network, specifically the posterior cingulate/precuneus in previously gaming-naïve controls. Together, the prospective longitudinal design did not reveal supporting evidence for altered emotional processing of non-gaming associated stimuli in excessive gamers while convergent evidence for increased emotional and neural reactivity to gaming-associated stimuli was observed. Findings suggest that exaggerated neural reactivity in posterior parietal regions engaged in self-referential processing already occur during early stages of regular gaming probably promoting continued engagement in gaming behavior.
The cost-effectiveness of mammography-based female breast cancer screening in Canadian populations: a systematic review
Authors: Tahir Talha , Wong Melanie Mitsui , Tahir Rabia , Wong Michael Mitsui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionMammography-based breast cancer screening is an important aspect of female breast cancer prevention within the Canadian healthcare system. The current literature on female breast cancer screening is largely focused on the health outcomes that result from screening. There is comparatively little data on the cost-effectiveness of the screening. Therefore, this paper sought to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the cost effectiveness of mammography-based breast cancer screening within female Canadian populations.Materials and methodsA systematic review was performed in the PubMed database to identify all studies published within the last 10 years that addressed breast cancer screening and evaluate cost-effectiveness in a Canadian population.ResultsThe search yielded five studies for inclusion, only three of which were applicable to average-risk Canadian women. The benefits of mortality reduction rose approximately linearly with costs, while costs were linearly dependent on the number of lifetime screens per woman. Moreover, triennial screening for average-risk women aged 50-69 years was found to be the most cost-effective in terms of cost per quality adjusted life year. The use of MRI in conjunction with mammography for women with the BRCA 1/2 mutation was found to be cost-effective while annual mammography-based screening for women with dense breasts was found to be cost-ineffective.ConclusionIn spite of the growing interest to enhance breast cancer screening programs, analyses of the cost-effectiveness of mammography-based screening within Canadian populations are scarcely reported and have heterogeneous methodologies. The existing data suggests that Canada’s current breast cancer screening policy to screen average-risk women aged 50-74, biennially or triennially is cost-effective. These findings could be of interest to health policy makers when making decisions regarding resource allocation; however, further studies in this field are required in order to make stronger recommendations regarding cost-effectiveness.
The role of HMGB1 in invasiveCandida albicansinfection
Authors: Wang Jiaojiao , Wu Chuanxin , Wang Yunying , Chen Chongxiang , Cheng Jing , Rao Xiaolong , Sun Hang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important “late” inflammatory mediator in bacterial sepsis. Ethyl pyruvate (EP), an inhibitor of HMGB1, can prevent bacterial sepsis by decreasing HMGB1 levels. However, the role of HMGB1 in fungal sepsis is still unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of HMGB1 and EP in invasiveC. albicansinfection.MethodsWe measured serum HMGB1 levels in patients with sepsis withC. albicansinfection and without fungal infection, and control subjects. We collected clinical indices to estimate correlations between HMGB1 levels and disease severity. Furthermore, we experimentally stimulated mice withC. albicansandC. albicans+ EP. Then, we examined HMGB1 levels from serum and tissue, investigated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), determined pathological changes in tissues, and assessed mortality.ResultsSerum HMGB1 levels in patients with severe sepsis withC. albicansinfection were elevated. Increased HMGB1 levels were correlated with procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), 1,3-β-D-Glucan (BDG) andC. albicanssepsis severity. HMGB1 levels in serum and tissues were significantly increased within seven days after mice were infected withC. albicans. The administration of EP inhibited HMGB1 levels, decreased tissue damage, increased survival rates and inhibited the release of TNF-α and IL-6.ConclusionsHMGB1 levels were significantly increased in invasiveC. albicansinfections. EP preventedC. albicanslethality by decreasing HMGB1 expression and release. HMGB1 may provide an effective diagnostic and therapeutic target for invasiveC. albicansinfections.
Did we get sensorimotor adaptation wrong? Implicit adaptation as direct policy updating rather than forward-model-based learning
Authors: Hadjiosif Alkis M. , Krakauer John W. , Haith Adrian M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe human motor system can rapidly adapt its motor output in response to errors. The prevailing theory of this process posits that the motor system adapts an internal forward model that predicts the consequences of outgoing motor commands, and that this forward model is then used to guide selection of motor output. However, although there is clear evidence for the existence of adaptive forward models to help track the state of the body, there is no real evidence that such models influence the selection of motor output. A possible alternative to the forward-model-based theory of adaptation is that motor output could be directly adjusted by movement errors (“direct policy learning”), in parallel with but independent of any updates to a predictive forward model. Here, we show evidence for this latter theory based on the properties of implicit adaptation under mirror-reversed visual feedback. We show that implicit adaptation still occurs under this extreme perturbation but acts in an inappropriate direction, following a pattern consistent with direct policy learning but not forward-model-based learning. We suggest that the forward-model-based theory of adaptation needs to be re-examined and that direct policy learning is a more plausible mechanism of implicit adaptation.
Mechanical competition triggered by innate immune signaling drives the collective extrusion of bacterially-infected epithelial cells
Authors: Bastounis Effie E. , Alcalde Francisco Serrano , Radhakrishnan Prathima , Engström Patrik , Gómez Benito María J. , Oswald Mackenzi S. , Smith Jason G. , Welch Matthew D. , García Aznar José M. , Theriot Julie A. 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARYMultiple distinct types of intracellular bacterial pathogens have been shown to alter the mechanics of their mammalian host cells to promote cell-to-cell spread. Conversely, host cells may respond by altering their own mechanical behavior to limit infection. We monitored epithelial cell monolayers sparsely infected with the intracellular bacterial pathogensListeria monocytogenesorRickettsia parkeriover the course of several days. Under conditions where these pathogens were able to trigger innate immune signaling through the NF-κB pathway and to use actin-based motility to spread non-lytically from cell to cell, domains of infected cells formed enormous three-dimensional mounds, where uninfected cells surrounding the infected cells became stiffer and actively moved toward the site of infection, collectively squeezing the softer and weaker infected cells up and ejecting them from the epithelial monolayer. Bacteria in mounds were less able to spread laterally in the monolayer, limiting the growth of the focus, while mounded cells eventually underwent cell death. Cells in infected monolayers exhibited behavioral and molecular signatures of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), such that coordinated forceful action by uninfected bystander cells actively eliminated large domains of infected cells, consistent with the hypothesis that this collective cell response represents an innate immune response.
Cancer PRSweb – an Online Repository with Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) for Major Cancer Traits and Their Phenome-wide Exploration in Two Independent Biobanks
Authors: Fritsche Lars G. , Patil Snehal , Beesley Lauren J. , VandeHaar Peter , Salvatore Maxwell , Peng Robert B. , Taliun Daniel , Zhou Xiang , Mukherjee Bhramar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo facilitate scientific collaboration on polygenic risk scores (PRS) research, we created an extensive PRS online repository for 49 common cancer traits integrating freely available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics from three sources: published GWAS, the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog, and UK Biobank-based GWAS. Our framework condenses these summary statistics into PRS using various approaches such as linkage disequilibrium pruning / p-value thresholding (fixed or data-adaptively optimized thresholds) and penalized, genome-wide effect size weighting. We evaluated the PRS in two biobanks: the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI), a longitudinal biorepository effort at Michigan Medicine, and the population-based UK Biobank (UKB). For each PRS construct, we provide measures on predictive performance, calibration, and discrimination. Besides PRS evaluation, the Cancer-PRSweb platform features construct downloads and phenome-wide PRS association study results (PRS-PheWAS) for predictive PRS. We expect this integrated platform to accelerate PRS-related cancer research.
Tough and Tunable Scaffold-Hydrogel Composite Biomaterial for Soft-to-Hard Musculoskeletal Tissue Interfaces
Authors: Sun Han Chang Raul A. , Kersh Mariana E. , Harley Brendan A.C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiological interfaces connecting tissues with dissimilar mechanical and structural properties are ubiquitous throughout the musculoskeletal system. Tendons attach to bone via a fibrocartilaginous interface (enthesis) that reduces mechanical strain and resultant tissue failure. Despite this toughening mechanism, tears at the enthesis occur due to acute (overload) or degradative (aging) processes. Repair involves surgical fixation of the torn tendon to bone, but results in the formation of a narrow fibrovascular scar tissue with inferior biomechanical properties. Progress toward enthesis regeneration requires biomaterial approaches to protect exogenously added or endogenously recruited cells from high levels of strain at the interface between dissimilar materials. Here, we describe an innovative reinforcement strategy to address this need. We report a stratified scaffold containing collagen bone and tendon tissue compartments linked by a continuous polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel interface. Tuning the gelation kinetics of the hydrogel modulates its integration with the surrounding biomaterial compartments and yields biomechanical performance advantages. Notably, the continuous hydrogel interface reduces the deleterious effects of strain concentrations that form between tissue compartments in conventional stratified biomaterials. This design of mechanically robust stratified composite biomaterials may be appropriate for a broad range of tendon and ligament-to-bone insertions.
A universal chromosome identification system for maize and wildZeaspecies
Authors: Braz Guilherme T. , do Vale Martins Lívia , Zhang Tao , Albert Patrice S. , Birchler James A. , Jiang Jiming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaize was one of the first eukaryotic species in which individual chromosomes can be identified cytologically, which made maize one of the oldest models for genetics and cytogenetics research. Nevertheless, consistent identification of all 10 chromosomes from different maize lines as well as from wildZeaspecies remains a challenge. We developed a new technique for maize chromosome identification based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We developed two oligonucleotide-based probes that hybridize to 24 chromosomal regions. Individual maize chromosomes show distinct FISH signal patterns, which allow universal identification of all chromosomes from differentZeaspecies. We developed karyotypes from threeZea mayssubspecies and two additional wildZeaspecies based on individually identified chromosomes. A paracentric inversion was discovered on the long arm of chromosome 4 inZ. nicaraguensisandZ. luxuriansbased on modifications of the FISH signal patterns. Chromosomes from these two species also showed distinct distribution patterns of terminal knobs compared to otherZeaspecies. These results support thatZ. nicaraguensisandZ. luxuriansare closely related species.