bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 3D‐Printed Self‐Adhesive Bandage with Drug Release for Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Zhang Jiumeng , Chen Yuwen , Huang Yulan , Wu Wenbi , Deng Xianming , Liu Haofan , Li Rong , Tao Jie , Li Xiang , Liu Xuesong , Gou Maling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury is a common disease that often causes disability and challenges surgeons. Drug‐releasable biomaterials provide a reliable tool to regulate the nerve healing‐associated microenvironment for nerve repair. Here, a self‐adhesive bandage is designed that can form a wrap surrounding the injured nerve to promote nerve regeneration and recovery. Via a 3D printing technique, the bandage is prepared with a special structure and made up of two different hydrogel layers that can adhere to each other by a click reaction. The nanodrug is encapsulated in one layer with a grating structure. Wrapping the injured nerve, the grating layer of the bandage is closed to the injured site. The drug can be mainly released to the inner area of the wrap to promote the nerve repair by improving the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells. In this study, the bandage is used to assist the neurorrhaphy for the treatment of complete sciatic nerve transection without obvious defect in rats. Results indicate that the self‐adhesive capacity can simplify the installation process and the drug‐loaded bandage can promote the repairing of injured nerves. The demonstrated 3D‐printed self‐adhesive bandage has potential application in assisting the neurorrhaphy for nerve repair.
Gemischte Photosystem‐I‐Monoschichten ermöglichen einen verbesserten anisotropen Elektronenfluss in Biophotovoltaik‐Systemen durch Unterdrückung elektrischer Kurzschlüsse
Authors: Wang Panpan , Frank Anna , Zhao Fangyuan , Szczesny Julian , Junqueira João R. C. , Zacarias Sónia , Ruff Adrian , Nowaczyk Marc M. , Pereira Inês A. C. , Rögner Matthias , Conzuelo Felipe , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEine definierte Assemblierung von photosynthetischen Proteinkomplexen ist für eine optimale Leistung von semiartifiziellen Energieumwandlungssystemen erforderlich, die in der Lage sind, einen unidirektionalen Elektronenfluss zu liefern, wenn lichtsammelnde Proteine mit Elektrodenoberflächen verbunden werden. Wir stellen gemischte Photosystem‐I (PSI)‐Monoschichten vor, die aus nativen cyanobakteriellen PSI‐Trimeren in Kombination mit isolierten PSI‐Monomeren aus demselben Organismus bestehen. Die sich daraus ergebende kompakte Anordnung gewährleistet eine hohe Dichte an photoaktiven Proteinkomplexen pro Flächeneinheit und bildet die Grundlage für eine wirksame Minimierung von Kurzschlussprozessen, die die Leistung von PSI‐basierten Bioelektroden typischerweise einschränken. Die PSI‐Schicht ist darüber hinaus mit Redoxpolymeren für einen optimalen Elektronentransfer verbunden, was eine hocheffiziente lichtinduzierte Photostromerzeugung ermöglicht. Die Kopplung der Photokathode mit einer [NiFeSe]‐Hydrogenase ermöglicht lichtinduzierte H2‐Entwicklung.
Advancing the Logic of Chemical Synthesis: C−H Activation as Strategic and Tactical Disconnections for C−C Bond Construction
Authors: Lam Nelson Y. S. , Wu Kevin , Yu Jin‐Quan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe design of synthetic routes by retrosynthetic logic is decisively influenced by the transformations available. Transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H activation has emerged as a powerful strategy for C−C bond formation, with myriad methods developed for diverse substrates and coupling partners. However, its uptake in total synthesis has been tepid, partially due to their apparent synthetic intractability, as well as a lack of comprehensive guidelines for implementation. This Review addresses these issues and offers a guide to identify retrosynthetic opportunities to generate C−C bonds by C−H activation processes. By comparing total syntheses accomplished using traditional approaches and recent C−H activation methods, this Review demonstrates how C−H activation enabled C−C bond construction has led to more efficient retrosynthetic strategies, as well as the execution of previously unattainable tactical maneuvers. Finally, shortcomings of existing processes are highlighted; this Review illustrates how some highlighted total syntheses can be further economized by adopting next‐generation ligand‐enabled approaches.
Contribution of compatibilizer backbone to degradation and retained functionality of multiple extruded polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends
Authors: Van Kets Karen , Jacques Justien , Delva Laurens , Ragaert Kim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study assesses thermal and morphological stabilization of three compatibilizers during mechanical recycling of polymer blends. Polypropylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends compatibilized with three different maleic anhydride grafted compatibilizers were extruded five times via single‐screw extrusion. The backbones of the compatibilizers are (1) polypropylene‐based, (2) an elastomer block copolymer poly(styrene‐co‐[ethylene‐butylene]‐styrene), and (3) a polyolefin elastomer. The degradation and retained functionality of these compatibilizers was assessed by means of simultaneous thermo‐gravimetric analysis, melt flow index, a morphology study, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile testing. The results show that degradation of the compatibilized blends during multiple processing is low, although the core stability of the blends depends on the initial stability of all of the components in the blend. The thermal stability across the five extrusions was the most favorable for the matrix based grafted compatibilized blend. The functionality of the compatibilizers did show minor morphological destabilization but did not affect the mechanical properties.
Decentralized guaranteed cost control with H∞ performance for large‐scale web‐winding system
Authors: Hou Hailiang , Nian Xiaohong , Xu Shaozhang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a decentralized guaranteed cost H∞ control strategy is proposed for large‐scale web‐winding systems with uncertain and time‐varying parameters. First, the large‐scale web‐winding system is viewed as a synthetic system composed of several dynamic subsystems, and interval matrix is used to deal with parameter uncertainties and the changes of set point. Second, a decentralized guaranteed cost control (DGCC) is developed to achieve the track goal, and guarantees that a cost function defined for the control system has an upper bound. Furthermore, an optimal DGCC (ODGCC) is designed to minimize the upper bound. Third, H∞ control strategy is incorporated in the DGCC to increase closed‐loop system robustness to parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. Finally, some simulation and experiments are performed on a three‐motor web‐winding system to verify the effectiveness of the presented control methods.
Parameter identification of a class of nonlinear multidelay systems with piecewise constant delays
Authors: Marzban Hamid Reza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with the parameter estimation of an important class of nonlinear time‐delay systems with a piecewise constant delay function. The developed procedure is based on a generalization of the hybrid of block‐pulse functions and Taylor polynomials. The operational matrix of integration related to the generalized hybrid functions is constructed. Furthermore, an upper bound with respect to the L2‐norm for the generalized hybrid functions is acquired, and convergence of the generalized hybrid functions is demonstrated. The merits of the hybrid basis are implemented to convert the problem under examination into an algebraic system. The methodology of least squares is adopted for solving the acquired algebraic system. An illustrative example is included in order to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the designed method. It is shown that the proposed approach provides accurate estimates for the desired parameters. The current approach reduces the computation complexity of the identification process.
A resolution of the trans‐Planckian problem in the Rh = ct universe
Authors: Melia Fulvio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe recent measurement of a cutoff kmin in the fluctuation power spectrum P(k) of the cosmic microwave background may vitiate the possibility that slow‐roll inflation can simultaneously solve the horizon problem and account for the formation of structure via the growth of quantum fluctuations in the inflaton field. Instead, we show that kmin may be interpreted more successfully in the Rh = ct cosmology as the first mode exiting from the Planck scale into the semiclassical universe shortly after the Big Bang. In so doing, we demonstrate that such a scenario completely avoids the well‐known trans‐Planckian problem plaguing standard inflationary cosmology.
Digital device‐based active learning approach using virtual community classroom during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Singhal Ravi , Kumar Adarsh , Singh Harvinder , Fuller Stephanie , Gill Sukhpal S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn India, traditional learning approaches in universities follow passive learning and instruction‐based studies. The demand for evidence‐based instructional and interactive active learning processes increases with the advancement in technology. To improve the quality of teaching and student performance, Laureate International University network has taken a unique initiative by applying an iterative and evidence‐based active learning process in small groups at the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun for the Postgraduate Certificate in Academic Practice program. In this study, active learning processes with digital devices (mobile devices) and digital technologies (modeling tools, simulation, and online resources), having virtual small‐to‐medium strength classrooms are integrated into various scenarios with different levels of education. This has been found to be useful in improving student performance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The proposed process applies both traditional and active learning processes with the provision to use mobile devices for digital content. This process also involves teachers attending a Bootcamp, over a 2‐month period, consisting of four modules in which they learn about and use digital content that will then be applied in their courses. Results show that the active learning process is of great benefit to students over traditional learning, and it provides a 30% improvement in student's grades. Further, it is observed that long‐term learning average marks increase by 66.9% in two engineering subjects. The simulation‐based experimentations are conducted to engage students and faculty members in active learning and simulation learning processes. It shows that the proposed approach (active learning) improves students' learning abilities as compared to the traditional approach.
Phase II trial of individualized/dynamic cisplatin regimens for definitive concurrent chemoradiation therapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ahn Dongbin , Lee Gil Joon , Sohn Jin Ho , Lee Jeong Eun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current standard cisplatin regimen for concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) involves generalized static administration of cisplatin without considering patient characteristics and patient/tumor responses during treatment. We aimed to evaluate the oncological feasibility of individualized/dynamic cisplatin regimens for definitive CCRT in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This prospective, single‐center study enrolled patients with biopsy‐confirmed HNSCC for whom CCRT was indicated as the primary treatment. Concurrent with radiation therapy (RT), patients received individualized and dynamically modified cisplatin chemotherapy based on patient characteristics, such as age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS), and patient/tumor treatment responses. The primary endpoints of the study were grade ≥3 toxicity and progression‐free survival (PFS). The study enrolled 150 patients; 146 (97.3%) received ≥2 cycles of cisplatin in addition to scheduled RT. Incidence of any grade 3‐4 toxicities was 40.7% (61/150). During the 40.1 ± 25.1‐month follow‐up period, the 2‐year locoregional control, distant control, PFS, disease‐specific survival, and overall survival were 81.7%, 89.2%, 73.0%, 89.2%, and 86.1%, respectively. The treatment compliance and grade ≥3 toxicities did not differ between patients aged <70 years and ≥70 years, or those with PS 0 and PS 1‐2, respectively. CCRT using individualized, dynamic cisplatin regimens based on patient age, PS, and patient/tumor responses during treatment was oncologically safe and effective for treating patients with HNSCC, including those aged ≥70 years and with PS 1‐2.
An in silico approach to identify and prioritize miRNAs target sites polymorphisms in colorectal cancer and obesity
Authors: Gholami Morteza , Zoughi Marzieh , Larijani Bagher , M. Amoli Mahsa , Bastami Milad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) and obesity are linked clinical entities with a series of complex processes being engaged in their development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in these processes through regulating CRC and obesity‐related genes. This study aimed to develop an in silico approach to systematically identify and prioritize miRNAs target sites polymorphisms in obesity and CRC. Data from genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) were used to retrieve CRC and obesity‐associated variants. The polymorphisms that were resided in experimentally verified or computationally predicted miRNA target sites were retrieved and prioritized using a range of bioinformatics analyses. We found 6284 CRC and 38931 obesity unique variants. For CRC 33 haplotypes variants in 134 interactions were in miRNA targetome, while for obesity we found more than 935 unique interactions. Functionally prioritized SNPs revealed that, SNPs in 153 obesity and 50 CRC unique interactions were have disruptive effects on miRNA:mRNA integration by changing on target RNA secondary structure. Structural accessibility of target sites were decreased in 418 and 103 unique interactions and increased in 516 and 79 interactions, for obesity and CRC, respectively. The miRNA:mRNA hybrid stability was increased in 127 and 17 unique interactions and decreased in 33 and 24 interactions for the effect of obesity and CRC SNPs, respectively. In this study, seven SNPs with 15 interactions and three SNPs with four interactions were prioritized for obesity and CRC, respectively. These SNPs could be used for future studies for finding potential biomarkers for diagnoses, prognosis, or treatment of CRC and obesity.
Soluble factors released by dedifferentiated fat cells reduce the functional activity of iPS cell‐derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Watanabe Hirofumi , Kanemaru Kazunori , Hagikura Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Taro , Ayusawa Mamoru , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInteractions between tissues such as epicardial adipose (EAT), and myocardial tissues is important in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Changes in adipose tissues in obesity or diabetes impair preadipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokine secretion is higher in preadipocytes than in mature adipocytes in diabetes and obesity. However, how undifferentiated cells committed to the adipose lineage directly influence cardiomyocytes is not yet understood. We used human‐derived dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells as models of undifferentiated cells committed to an adipose lineage. Here, we evaluated the effects of soluble factor interactions in indirect cocultures of DFAT cells and induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes.Our RNA sequencing findings showed that these interactions were predominantly inflammatory responses. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokines secreted by DFAT cells reduced myocardial functions such as contraction frequency and catecholamine sensitivity, and simultaneously increased apoptosis, decreased antioxidative stress tolerance, and reduced oxygen consumption rates in cardiomyocytes. These adverse effects might be attributable to monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligands 1 (CXCL1), and 12, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, interleukins 6 and 8, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1‐A among the proinflammatory mediators secreted by DFAT cells. Our results could be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of EAT‐related heart failure in terms of the involvement of undifferentiated cells committed to the adipose lineage. Furthermore, we suggest the importance of focusing on surrounding adipose tissues as a strategy with which to maximize the survival and function of transplanted stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes.
Case report: Novel phenotype in central 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Dideum Patrick , Rohena Luis , Berg Janet , Percival Candace 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeletions within 22q11.2 are one of the most common microdeletions studied. We report a case of central 22q11.2 deletion with abnormal dentition, a feature not previously described in this condition. Although the diagnosis of central 22q11.2 deletion syndrome requires genetic testing, we aim to facilitate clinical recognition, expediting diagnosis.
Nickel‐Rich Layered Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ye Zhengcheng , Qiu Lang , Yang Wen , Wu Zhenguo , Liu Yuxia , Wang Gongke , Song Yang , Zhong Benhe , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNickel‐rich layered transition metal oxides are considered as promising cathode candidates to construct next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries to satisfy the demands of electrical vehicles, because of the high energy density, low cost, and environment friendliness. However, some problems related to rate capability, structure stability, and safety still hamper their commercial application. In this Review, beginning with the relationships between the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance, the underlying mechanisms of the capacity/voltage fade and the unstable structure of Ni‐rich cathodes are deeply analyzed. Furthermore, the recent research progress of Ni‐rich oxide cathode materials through element doping, surface modification, and structure tuning are summarized. Finally, this review concludes by discussing new insights to expand the field of Ni‐rich oxides and promote practical applications.
Enantioselective Aromatic Amination?
Authors: Thönnißen Vinzenz , Patureau Frederic W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe atroposelective formation of C−N bonds has recently emerged within the field of amination reactions. On first sight, it may seem quite surprising that such an ancient class of organic coupling reactions (Gabriel, Ullmann, Goldberg, Buchwald, Hartwig and many others) has so few enantioselective solutions, and this in spite of asymmetric synthesis being now a mature concept and field. Why should enantioselective C−N bond formation be so difficult? This question and some of the first examples that promise an imminent change of paradigm are herein discussed.
Polyamine‐Functionalized 2′‐Amino‐LNA in Oligonucleotides: Facile Synthesis of New Monomers and High‐Affinity Binding towards ssDNA and dsDNA
Authors: Danielsen Mathias B. , Christensen Niels Johan , Jørgensen Per T. , Jensen Knud J. , Wengel Jesper , Lou Chenguang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAttachment of cationic moieties to oligonucleotides (ONs) promises not only to increase the binding affinity of antisense ONs by reducing charge repulsion between the two negatively charged strands of a duplex, but also to augment their in vivo stability against nucleases. In this study, polyamine functionality was introduced into ONs by means of 2′‐amino‐LNA scaffolds. The resulting ONs exhibited efficient binding towards ssDNA, ssRNA and dsDNA targets, and the 2′‐amino‐LNA analogue carrying a triaminated linker showed the most pronounced duplex‐ and triplex‐stabilizing effect. Molecular modelling revealed that favourable conformational and electrostatic effects led to salt‐bridge formation between positively charged polyamine moieties and the Watson–Hoogsteen groove of the dsDNA targets, resulting in the observed triplex stabilization. All the investigated monomers showed increased resistance against 3′‐nucleolytic digestion relative to the non‐functionalized controls.
Germaborenes: Borylene Transfer Agents for the Synthesis of Iminoboranes
Authors: Raiser Dominik , Schubert Hartmut , Bettinger Holger F. , Wesemann Lars 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHalide and phenyl substituted germaborenes were shown to react with azides at room temperature and transfer a borylene moiety to give iminoboranes. This iminoborane synthesis based on a borylene transfer route was investigated computationally in the case of the phenyl substituted germaborene.
Feature extraction, recognition, and matching of damaged fingerprint: Application of deep learning network
Authors: Li Hongbin 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWith the improvement of informatization and the development of computer technology, identity recognition with fingerprint has been the growing trend, but the stained fingerprint will make recognition difficult. To solve the above problem, this paper briefly introduced the traditional point matching fingerprint recognition algorithm and the damaged fingerprint recognition method based on the convolution neural network (CNN). Then in MATLAB software, the damaged fingerprint recognition method based on CNN was simulated and compared with the traditional point matching recognition method and traditional CNN recognition method. The results showed that the improved CNN recognition method iterated fewer times and achieved smaller training error during the training; the improved CNN method had lower false recognition rate and rejection rate in identifying the unknown fingerprint; the traditional point matching method spent the most time in identifying the unknown fingerprint, followed by the traditional CNN method and the improved CNN recognition method. This study used CNN for fingerprint recognition and improved CNN to improve its recognition accuracy for the damaged fingerprint. The improved CNN can effectively enhance the recognition accuracy of the damaged fingerprint, which provides a useful reference for the improvement of the accuracy and applicability of the fingerprint recognition system.
Heterogeneous Supported Palladium Catalysts for Liquid‐Phase Allylation of Nucleophiles
Authors: Ding Siming , Motokura Ken 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent years, palladium‐catalyzed allylation has become the focus of much research. However, conventional homogeneous Pd catalysts face problems regarding their recovery, reuse, and cost, especially with respect to green chemistry principles. Herein, we present an overview of the development of catalytic allylation with various heterogeneous Pd catalysts, because they can be easily and conveniently recovered and reused. We also emphasize the use of different solid supports such as polymers, silica, and other hybrid supports to inspire future research in this promising field. Moreover, the unique effects of support surfaces for enhancing catalysis by immobilized heterogeneous Pd species are introduced.