bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cecal metabolome fingerprint in a rat model of decompression sickness with neurological disorders
Authors: de Maistre Sébastien , Gaillard Sandrine , Martin Jean-Charles , Richard Simone , Boussuges Alain , Rives Sarah , Desruelle Anne-Virginie , Blatteau Jean-Eric , Tardivel Catherine , Risso Jean-Jacques , Vallée Nicolas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMassive bubble formation after diving can lead to decompression sickness (DCS), which can result in neurological disorders. We demonstrated that hydrogen production from intestinal fermentation could exacerbate DCS in rats fed with a standard diet. The aim of this study is to identify a fecal metabolomic signature that may result from the effects of a provocative hyperbaric exposure. The fecal metabolome was studied in two groups of rats previously fed with maize or soy in order to account for diet effects. 64 animals, weighing 379.0_20.2 g on the day of the dive, were exposed to the hyperbaric protocol. The rats were separated into two groups: 32 fed with maize (Div MAIZE) and 32 fed with soy (Div SOY). Gut fermentation before the dive was estimated by measuring exhaled hydrogen. Following hyperbaric exposure, we assessed for signs of DCS. Blood was analyzed to assay inflammatory cytokines. Conventional and ChemRICH approaches helped the metabolomic interpretation of the cecal content. The effect of the diet is very marked at the metabolomic level, a little less in the blood tests, without this appearing strictly in the clinic status. Nevertheless, 37 of the 184 metabolites analyzed are linked to clinical status. 35 over-expressed compounds let suggest less intestinal absorption, possibly accompanied by an alteration of the gut microbial community, in DCS. The decrease in another metabolite suggests hepatic impairment. This spectral difference of the ceca metabolomes deserves to be studied in order to check if it corresponds to functional microbial particularities.
Cortical gyrification and its relationships with molecular measures and cognition in children with the FMR1 premutation
Authors: Wang Jun Yi , Danial Merna , Soleymanzadeh Cyrus , Kim Bella , Xia Yiming , Kim Kyoungmi , Tassone Flora , Hagerman Randi J. , Rivera Susan M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeurobiological basis for cognitive development and psychiatric conditions remains unexplored in children with the FMR1 premutation (PM). Knock-in mouse models of PM revealed defects in embryonic cortical development that may affect cortical folding. Cortical-folding complexity quantified using local gyrification index (LGI) was examined in 61 children (age 8–12 years, 19/14 male/female PM carriers, 15/13 male/female controls). Whole-brain vertex-wise analysis of LGI was performed for group comparisons and correlations with IQ. Individuals with aberrant gyrification in 68 cortical areas were identified using Z-scores of LGI (hyper: Z ≥ 2.58, hypo: Z ≤ − 2.58). Significant group-by-sex-by-age interaction in LGI was detected in right inferior temporal and fusiform cortices, which correlated negatively with CGG repeat length in the PM carriers. Sixteen PM boys (hyper/hypo: 7/9) and 10 PM girls (hyper/hypo: 2/5, 3 both) displayed aberrant LGI in 1–17 regions/person while 2 control boys (hyper/hypo: 0/2) and 2 control girls (hyper/hypo: 1/1) met the same criteria in only 1 region/person. LGI in the precuneus and cingulate cortices correlated positively with IQ scores in PM and control boys while negatively in PM girls and no significant correlation in control girls. These findings reveal aberrant gyrification, which may underlie cognitive performance in children with the PM.
Cognitive impairment and C-reactive protein in clinically stable schizophrenia outpatients: a focus on sex differences
Authors: Dal Santo Francesco , González-Blanco Leticia , García-Álvarez Leticia , de la Fuente-Tomás Lorena , Velasco Ángela , Álvarez-Vázquez Clara María , Martínez-Cao Clara , Sáiz Pilar A. , García-Portilla María Paz , Bobes Julio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough previous findings identified an association between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and impaired cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia (SZ), little is currently known about the relationship between inflammation, cognition, and sex in SZ. The current study aimed to explore the association between peripheral inflammation and cognitive impairment in SZ as a function of sex. The sample included 132 clinically stable patients with SZ, of whom 82 were males (62.1%) and 50 females (37.9%). Sociodemographic data were collected, an accurate assessment was performed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome (PANSS), Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), and Calgary Depression (CDS) scales, and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), and CRP levels were tested. A Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses, including potential confounding factors, were performed. We found an inverse association between CRP levels and performance on visual learning (r = − 0.386, p = 0.006) domain in female patients only, whereas no correlations were found in males. The regression model for women retained age (β = − 0.319, p = 0.017), the CAINS-MAP score (β = − 0.247, p = 0.070), and the CRP (β = − 0.321, p = 0.013) as predictors of visual learning. Our results suggest the possible existence of sex-specific modulation of the association between systemic inflammation and the cognitive features of the illness.
Cholinergic axons regulate type I acini in salivary glands of Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes scapularis ticks
Authors: Mateos-Hernandéz Lourdes , Defaye Baptiste , Vancová Marie , Hajdusek Ondrej , Sima Radek , Park Yoonseong , Attoui Houssam , Šimo Ladislav 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRegulatory factors controlling tick salivary glands (SGs) are direct upstream neural signaling pathways arising from the tick’s central nervous system. Here we investigated the cholinergic signaling pathway in the SG of two hard tick species. We reconstructed the organization of the cholinergic gene locus, and then used in situ hybridization to localize mRNA encoding choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in specific neural cells in the Ixodes synganglion. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that cholinergic axonal projections exclusively reached type I acini in the SG of both Ixodes species. In type I acini, the rich network of cholinergic axons terminate within the basolateral infoldings of the lamellate cells. We also characterized two types (A and B) of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), which were expressed in Ixodes SG. We pharmacologically assessed mAChR-A to monitor intracellular calcium mobilization upon receptor activation. In vivo injection of vesamicol—a VAChT blocker—at the cholinergic synapse, suppressed forced water uptake by desiccated ticks, while injection of atropine, an mAChR-A antagonist, did not show any effect on water volume uptake. This study has uncovered a novel neurotransmitter signaling pathway in Ixodes SG, and suggests its role in water uptake by type I acini in desiccated ticks.
The exact analytical solution of the dual-phase-lag two-temperature bioheat transfer of a skin tissue subjected to constant heat flux
Authors: Youssef Hamdy M. , Alghamdi Najat A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work is dealing with the temperature reaction and response of skin tissue due to constant surface heat flux. The exact analytical solution has been obtained for the two-temperature dual-phase-lag (TTDPL) of bioheat transfer. We assumed that the skin tissue is subjected to a constant heat flux on the bounding plane of the skin surface. The separation of variables for the governing equations as a finite domain is employed. The transition temperature responses have been obtained and discussed. The results represent that the dual-phase-lag time parameter, heat flux value, and two-temperature parameter have significant effects on the dynamical and conductive temperature increment of the skin tissue. The Two-temperature dual-phase-lag (TTDPL) bioheat transfer model is a successful model to describe the behavior of the thermal wave through the skin tissue.
Landscape configuration and habitat complexity shape arthropod assemblage in urban parks
Authors: Peng Ming-Hsiao , Hung Yuan-Chen , Liu Kuan-Ling , Neoh Kok-Boon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe urbanization process systematically leads to the loss of biodiversity. Only certain arthropods are resilient to the urbanization process and can thrive in the novel conditions of urbanized landscapes. However, the degree to which arthropod communities survive in urban habitats depends on landscape and local effects and biological interactions (e.g., trophic interactions). In the present study, we examined the relative importance of various factors at landscape (isolation, edge density and area of surrounding greenery) and local (size of park, canopy cover, understory vegetation cover, defoliation depth, weight of dried leaves, soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil pH) spatial scales on the diversity of ants, beetles and spiders in urban parks. Our results indicated that park edge density was negatively correlated with diversity metrics in ants, beetles, and spiders in urban parks relative to the degree of proximity with the peri-urban forest. In other words, parks that located adjacent to the peri-urban forest may not necessarily have high biodiversity. The results suggested that man-made structures have been effective dispersal barriers that limit the spillover effects of ants and spiders but not the spillover of comparatively strong fliers, such as beetles. However, the area of surrounding greenery may have facilitated the colonization of forest-dependent taxa in distant parks. Large parks with reduced edge density supported a higher arthropod diversity because of the minimal edge effect and increased habitat heterogeneity. Vegetation structure consistently explained the variability of ants, beetles, and spiders, indicating that understory plant litter is crucial for providing shelters and hibernation, oviposition, and foraging sites for the major taxa in urban parks. Therefore, efforts should focus on the local management of ground features to maximize the conservation of biological control in urban landscapes.
Medium cut-off dialyzer improves erythropoiesis stimulating agent resistance in a hepcidin-independent manner in maintenance hemodialysis patients: results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lim Jeong-Hoon , Jeon Yena , Yook Ju-Min , Choi Soon-Youn , Jung Hee-Yeon , Choi Ji-Young , Park Sun-Hee , Kim Chan-Duck , Kim Yong-Lim , Cho Jang-Hee 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe response to erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) is affected by inflammation linked to middle molecules in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We evaluated the effect of a medium cut-off (MCO) dialyzer on ESA resistance in maintenance HD patients. Forty-nine patients who underwent high-flux HD were randomly allocated to the MCO or high-flux group. The primary outcome was the changes of erythropoietin resistance index (ERI; U/kg/wk/g/dL) between baseline and 12 weeks. The MCO group showed significant decrease in the ESA dose, weight-adjusted ESA dose, and ERI compared to the high-flux group at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). The generalized estimating equation models revealed significant interactions between groups and time for the ESA dose, weight-adjusted ESA dose, and ERI (p < 0.05). Serum iron and transferrin saturation were higher in the MCO group at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). The MCO group showed a greater reduction in TNF-α and lower serum TNF-α level at 12 weeks compared to the high-flux group (p < 0.05), whereas no differences were found in the reduction ratio of hepcidin and serum levels of erythropoietin, erythroferrone, soluble transferrin receptor and hepcidin between groups. HD with MCO dialyzer improves ESA resistance over time compared to high-flux HD in maintenance HD patients. The MCO dialyzer provides superior removal of the inflammatory cytokine and thus improves iron metabolism in a hepcidin-independent manner.
Decrease of T-cells exhaustion markers programmed cell death-1 and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 and plasma IL-10 levels after successful treatment of chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Osuch Sylwia , Laskus Tomasz , Berak Hanna , Perlejewski Karol , Metzner Karin J. , Paciorek Marcin , Radkowski Marek , Caraballo Cortés Kamila 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, both CD4+and CD8+T-cells become functionally exhausted, which is reflected by increased expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3), and elevated anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) plasma levels. We studied 76 DAA-treated HCV-positive patients and 18 non-infected controls. Flow cytometry measured pretreatment frequencies of CD4+PD-1+, CD4+PD-1+Tim-3+and CD8+PD-1+Tim-3+T-cells and IL-10 levels measured by ELISA were significantly higher and CD4+PD-1−Tim-3−and CD8+PD-1−Tim-3−T-cells were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Treatment resulted in significant decrease of CD4+Tim-3+, CD8+Tim-3+, CD4+PD-1+Tim-3+and CD8+PD-1+Tim-3+T-cell frequencies as well as IL-10 levels and increase in CD4+PD-1−Tim-3−and CD8+PD-1−Tim-3−T-cells. There were no significant changes in the frequencies of CD4+PD-1+T-cells, while CD8+PD-1+T-cells increased. Patients with advanced liver fibrosis had higher PD-1 and lower Tim-3 expression on CD4+T-cells and treatment had little or no effect on the exhaustion markers. HCV-specific CD8+T-cells frequency has declined significantly after treatment, but their PD-1 and Tim-3 expression did not change. Successful treatment of chronic hepatitis C with DAA is associated with reversal of immune exhaustion phenotype, but this effect is absent in patients with advanced liver fibrosis.
Extending effective microwave absorbing bandwidth of CoNi bimetallic alloy derived from binary hydroxides
Authors: Gu Weihua , Chen Jiabin , Zhao Yue , Wang Gehuan , Wang Fan , Zhang Tengze , Zhang Baoshan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEffectively broadening microwave absorbing frequency of pure magnetic substances remains a huge challenge. Herein, micro-perspective structures can be controlled through a calcination route. Satisfactorily, the composites prepared at the calcination temperature of 900 °C exhibit excellent microwave attenuation performance with a broad working frequency and appropriate paraffin filling ratio. Remarkably, the composites can reach an extremely high reflection loss (RL) value of − 49.79 dB, and the extended effective working frequency range (RL < − 10 dB) of 6.84 GHz can also be obtained. Superb magnetic loss, admirable dielectric loss, sufficient dipole polarization, as well as superior impedance matching should be band together for obtaining ideal microwave absorbers. The CoNi hydroxides derived bimatallic alloy composites were fabricated via a cost-effective and facile synthesis process, and this work aroused inspirations of designing high-performance microwave absorbers for mataining the sustainable development.
Characterization of a new case of XMLV (Bxv1) contamination in the human cell line Hep2 (clone 2B)
Authors: Loiseau Vincent , Cordaux Richard , Giraud Isabelle , Beby-Defaux Agnès , Lévêque Nicolas , Gilbert Clément 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of misidentified cell lines contaminated by other cell lines and/or microorganisms has generated much confusion in the scientific literature. Detailed characterization of such contaminations is therefore crucial to avoid misinterpretation and ensure robustness and reproducibility of research. Here we use DNA-seq data produced in our lab to first confirm that the Hep2 (clone 2B) cell line (Sigma-Aldrich catalog number: 85011412-1VL) is indistinguishable from the HeLa cell line by mapping integrations of the human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18) at their expected loci on chromosome 8. We then show that the cell line is also contaminated by a xenotropic murine leukemia virus (XMLV) that is nearly identical to the mouse Bxv1 provirus and we characterize one Bxv1 provirus, located in the second intron of the pseudouridylate synthase 1 (PUS1) gene. Using an RNA-seq dataset, we confirm the high expression of the E6 and E7 HPV18 oncogenes, show that the entire Bxv1 genome is moderately expressed, and retrieve a Bxv1 splicing event favouring expression of the env gene. Hep2 (clone 2B) is the fourth human cell line so far known to be contaminated by the Bxv1 XMLV. This contamination has to be taken into account when using the cell line in future experiments.
Organic matter in interstellar dust lost at the approach to the heliosphere
Authors: Kimura Hiroshi , Postberg Frank , Altobelli Nicolas , Trieloff Mario 
Published: September 2020

Aims. We tackle the conundrums of organic materials missing from interstellar dust when measured inside the Solar System, while undoubtedly existing in the local interstellar cloud (LIC), which surrounds the Solar System.
Methods. We present a theoretical argument that organic compounds sublimate almost instantaneously by exothermic reactions, when solar insolation triggers the recombination of free radicals or the rearrangement of carbon bonds in the compounds.
Results. It turns out that the triggering temperature lies in the range of 20–50 K by considering that sublimation of organic materials takes place beyond the so-called filtration region of interstellar neutral atoms. We find that in-situ measurements of LIC dust in the Solar System result in an overestimate for the gas-to-dust mass ratio of the LIC, unless the sublimation of organic materials is taken into account. We also find that previous measurements of interstellar pickup ions have determined the total elemental abundances of gas and organic materials, instead of interstellar gas alone.
Conclusions. We conclude that LIC organic matter suffers from sublimation en route to the heliosphere, implying that our understanding of LIC dust from space missions is incomplete. Since space missions inside the orbit of Saturn cannot give any information on the organic substances of LIC dust, one must await a future exploration mission to the inner edge of the Oort cloud for a thorough understanding of organic substances in the LIC. Once our model for the sublimation of interstellar organic matter by exothermic chemical reactions of free radicals is confirmed, the hypothesis of panspermia from the diffuse interstellar medium is ruled out.
Von Interaktionen zu Interaktionsnetzwerken: Zeitabhängige
funktionelle Netzwerke am Beispiel der Epilepsie
Authors: Bröhl Timo , Rings Thorsten , Lehnertz Klaus 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDas menschliche Gehirn ist ein komplexes Netzwerk aus interagierenden
nichtstationären Subsystemen (Netzwerk von Netzwerken), deren
komplizierte räumlich-zeitliche Dynamiken bis heute nur unzureichend
verstanden sind. Dabei versprechen aktuelle Entwicklungen im Bereich der
Zeitreihenanalyse sowie der Theorie komplexer Netzwerke neue und verbesserte
Einblicke in die Dynamiken von Hirnnetzwerken auf verschiedenen
räumlich-zeitlichen Skalen. Wir geben einen Überblick
über diese Entwicklungen und besprechen am Beispiel
zeitabhängiger epileptischer Hirnnetzwerke Fortschritte im
Verständnis von Hirndynamiken, die über multiple Skalen
hinweg variieren.
Von Licht- und Schattenseiten
Authors: Schanz Benno 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Pflegepersonal-Stärkungsgesetz (PpSG) regelt neben dem Pflegebudget auch die Finanzierung der Ausbildung neu. Lesen Sie mehr über die veränderte Rahmensituation und die möglichen perspektivischen Konsequenzen.
Vergleich der Kahnbeinrekonstruktion mit einem nicht-vaskularisierten Knochentransplantat mit und ohne intraoperativer Stoßwellenanwendung – vorläufige Ergebnisse
Authors: Mühldorfer-Fodor Marion , Wagner Matthias , Kottmann Tanja , van Schoonhoven Jörg , Prommersberger Karl-Josef 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund/Ziel Eine hochenergetische, fokussierte Stoßwellenbehandlung (ESWT) stimuliert die Knochenheilung durch Neo-Angiogenese und Aktivierung von Osteozyten. Diese Studie untersucht, ob durch eine intraoperative ESWT die Heilungsrate bei Rekonstruktion des Kahnbeins bei Pseudarthrose mittels nicht-gefäßgestieltem Knochentransplantat verbessert oder beschleunigt werden kann.
Patienten und Methoden In einer noch laufenden prospektiven Studie werden Patienten mit Rekonstruktion des Kahnbeins bei Pseudarthrose mit einem nicht-vaskularisierten Knochentransplantat randomisiert in Patienten mit (Interventionsgruppe) oder ohne (Kontrollgruppe) zusätzlicher intraoperativer ESWT. In 6-wöchigen Abständen erfolgen postoperativ klinische und radiologische Untersuchungen, nach 12, 18 und bei Bedarf 24 Wochen zusätzlich auch eine Computertomographie (CT). Interventions- und Kontrollgruppe werden hinsichtlich der prozentualen Durchbauung der Span-Kahnbein-Kontaktfläche distal und proximal des interponierten Knochenblocks postoperativ nach 12, 18 und 24 Wochen sowie der Ausheilung nach 24 Wochen verglichen. Zum Zeitpunkt der Datenerhebung waren bei 35 Patienten der Interventions- und 33 Patienten der Kontrollgruppe die vorgesehenen Nachuntersuchungen erfolgt.
Ergebnisse 24 Wochen postoperativ war bei 27 Patienten (77 %) der Interventionsgruppe und 20 Patienten (61 %) der Kontrollgruppe das Kahnbein geheilt. Die prozentuale Durchbauungsrate des Kahnbeins betrug proximal des Knochenblocks nach 12, 18 und 24 Wochen bei den als ausgeheilt eingestuften Kahnbeinen der ESWT-Gruppe jeweils 80 %, 84 % und 86 %, in der Kontrollgruppe 74 %, 81 % und 84 %. Distal des Knochenblocks betrug sie in der ESWT-Gruppe 91 %, 94 % und 95 %, in der Kontrollgruppe 77 %, 90 % und 94 %. Die Durchbauung war distal 12 Wochen postoperativ in der ESWT-Gruppe signifikant höher als in der Kontrollgruppe.
Schlussfolgerung Eine einmalige ESWT intraoperativ verbessert die Ausheilungsrate bei Rekonstruktion des Kahnbeins bei Pseudarthrose mit einem nicht-vaskularisierten Knochentransplantat und beschleunigt die Knochenheilung in den ersten 12 Wochen postoperativ.
Pränatale Diagnostik und postnatale Komplikationen im Fall einer extrem seltenen Tetraamelie
Authors: Schwickert Alexander , Dame Christof , Akanbi Sandra , Spielmann Malte , Schönborn Ines , Henrich Wolfgang 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungEine Tetraamelie ist mit einer Prävalenz von 2,4 bezogen auf 10 000 000 Geburten extrem selten. Sie beschreibt das Fehlen aller 4 äußeren Extremitäten und kann mit anderen Fehlbildungen assoziiert sein. Bei dem hier vorgestellten Jungen wurde die Diagnose mit 22+1 Schwangerschaftswochen mittels Sonografie im 2D und 3D Modus gestellt. Die Eltern entschieden sich zur Fortsetzung der Schwangerschaft, der Spontanpartus erfolgte nach äußerer Wendung in 38+1 SSW. Postnatal erfolgte der operative Verschluss einer Spalte des weichen Gaumens. Im Bereich der Wirbelsäule und des Gesichts manifestierten sich zunehmend äußere Auffälligkeiten. Die anatomisch bedingt eingeschränkte psychomotorische Entwicklung des Kindes wird physiotherapeutisch, ergotherapeutisch und logopädisch gefördert. Verschiedene Hilfsmittel ermöglichen die Teilhabe an altersgerechten Aktivitäten.