bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The art of the stage set as a paradigm for an aesthetics of atmospheres
Authors: Böhme Gernot 
Published: September 2020

Cet article dessine le contour d’une esthétique générale des ambiances (atmospheres) en mettant l’accent sur leur fabrication. De ce point de vue, l’art de la scénographie se révèle être un paradigme pour ce qui concerne les concepts principaux de la théorie des ambiances : les types d’ambiances (caractères), leur quasi-objectivité, les moyens pour produire une ambiance, le contenu émotionnel. La teneur ubiquitaire des ambiances est démontrée par la propension à tout scénographier dans notre civilisation présente : événements publics, politique, marchandises et même vie privée.
Le principe de la folie et de la raison. Association des idées et liaison des idées aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Radica Gabrielle 
Published: September 2020

Les auteurs qui, depuis Descartes et Gassendi, ont étudié l’association des idées et lui ont ménagé une place dans leur théorie de la connaissance, ont d’abord vu dans ce phénomène une cause d’erreur et de folie. Peu à peu cependant, qu’il s’agisse d’« association » ou de « liaison » des idées, ce type de phénomènes a été tenu pour un principe explicatif de la connaissance, jusqu’à devenir le principe, comme c’est le cas chez Condillac ou Hume, de toutes nos connaissances, et ce, avant d’être compris comme la loi fondamentale de la psychologie du xixe siècle. Avant cette captation par la psychologie, les philosophes classiques ont montré leurs hésitations et leurs interrogations sur la meilleure façon de décrire ce processus et de l’insérer dans leurs systèmes philosophiques, et ce sont ces difficultés et particularités que les articles du recueil présentés ici cherchent à étudier. La liaison des idées semble en effet défier les oppositions du sujet et de l’objet, de la nature et de l’habitude, du mécanique et du spirituel.
Ovide dans la General estoria d’Alphonse X
Authors: García Irene Salvo 
Published: September 2020

La thèse « Ovide dans la General estoria d’Alphonse X » a pour objectif l’étude de la réception du poète latin dans l’histoire universelle conçue au sein de l’atelier dirigé par Alphonse X pendant le dernier quart du xiiie siècle (ca. 1270-1284). Ladite œuvre prétendait relater l’histoire de l’homme depuis la Genèse jusqu’au règne du roi Alphonse lui-même. La source fondamentale de la General estoria est la Bible. S’ajoutent à la matière biblique diverses notices païennes ou « gentilles » (étrangères au peuple hébreu). Dans les deux premières parties de la General estoria, les sources fondamentales pour les récits gentils sont les Métamorphoses et les Héroïdes d’Ovide. Cet usage est complété par un emploi fragmentaire des Fastes, des Remèdes à l’amour, de l'Art d’aimer et des Pontiques. Nous avons porté notre attention aussi bien sur la méthode de traduction de l’œuvre d’Ovide que sur les techniques de compilation de la General estoria. Ainsi, cette thèse est structurée de la façon suivante : 1) une introduction où nous décrivons les règles qui caractérisent la lecture d’Ovide au Moyen Âge (ch. 1) ; 2) une étude des éléments contextuels du texte latin en trois sections : une étude des accessus, des gloses et des commentaires qui accompagnaient le texte latin dans l’étape médiévale (ch. 2) ; une analyse des œuvres mythographiques qui s’insèrent dans la compilation (ch. 3) ; enfin, la description des caractéristiques qui définissent l’utilisation des œuvres d’Ovide moins employées : les Fastes, l'Art d’aimer, les Pontiques et les Remèdes à l’amour (ch. 4). Finalement, dans le deuxième bloc de la thèse (ch. 5), nous avons fait une analyse exhaustive et détaillée des fragments empruntés aux œuvres d’Ovide dans la General estoria.
Sur L’Ère du clash de Christian Salmon
Authors: Bautier Roger 
Published: September 2020

L’Ère du clash, paru en 2019, est présenté par son auteur, Christian Salmon, comme la suite de l’ouvrage Storytelling. La machine à fabriquer des histoires et à formater les esprits, publié une douzaine d’année auparavant. Mais cette suite étudie un bouleversement dans les techniques de communication : du récit omniprésent, qui minore le raisonnement, on serait passé à la technique des chocs et des ruptures, qui anéantit le récit et se fonde sur le discrédit de toutes les sources d’information. Pourtant, le livre ne porte pas seulement sur ce bouleversement et il reprend aussi l’analyse du storytelling. Sa lecture conduit donc à examiner non seulement les relations entre ce discrédit et les techniques de communication, mais aussi celles entre la narration et l’argumentation, qui sont particulièrement complexes. Cet examen débouche sur une suggestion : réintroduire une approche sociologique de la communication dans l’analyse des évolutions qui sont traitées dans le livre.
Research ethics challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic: what should and what should not be done
Authors: Katib Atif Abdulhamid 
Published: September 2020

This article is directed primarily at how clinical trials can be ethically conducted in the midst of the current global COVID-19 pandemic. We explain why ethical issues are more complicated than they once were. Furthermore, we discuss the relevant parties` roles in protecting participants` rights and in keeping basic research ethics of justice, respect, equity, and beneficence strongly implemented on the ground.

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Cochlear Otosclerosis: An Undiagnosed Cause of Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Lahiri Asish Kumar , Gupta Anandita , Vohra Rakesh , Sharma Shalabh , Singh Satinder 
Published: September 2020

Introduction
Otosclerosis presents as conductive or mixed hearing loss depending upon the stage of the disease. Isolated sensorineural hearing loss though known to occur has been rarely reported. Pure cochlear otosclerosis presenting as sensorineural hearing loss should be considered as a differential diagnosis in young patients presenting with progressive hearing loss. The aim of this article is to note the prevalence of cochlear otosclerosis in young patients presenting with progressive sensorineural hearing loss.
Materials and Methods
Retrospective chart analysis of 19 patients who presented with progressive SNHL with unknown etiology was done.
Results
Otosclerosis involving the pericochlear region was diagnosed in 27 ears which was identified by high resolution CT scan of temporal bone. In four ears, in addition, there was demineralization just anterior to oval window without clinical evidence of stapes fixation.
Conclusion
In young patients with progressive SNHL, high resolution CT scan of temporal bone should be done to identify progressive cochlear otosclerosis. Medical management should be initiated in these patients to halt the progression of disease.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP PRESTASI KERJA PADA PT. PLN (PERSERO) UNIT INDUK PEMBANGUNAN II MEDAN
Authors: Sitompul Saleh 
Published: September 2020

Sumber daya manusia merupakan hal terpenting yang dimiliki suatu organisasi dalam setiap kegiatan organisasi dimana manusia menjadi perencana, pelaku, dan penentu terwujudnya tujuan organisasi Motivasi adalah dorongan terhadap serangkain perilaku manusia pada pencapain tujuan Sedangkan Kepemimpinan adalah bagian yang dianggap penting dalam manajemen organisasi, Prestasi kerja adalah tingkat pelaksanaan tugas yang dapat dicapai oleh seeorang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi dan kepemimpinan terhadap prestasi kerja pada PT. PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Pembangunan II Medan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 orang pegawai tetap pada sub-sub bagian di kantor PT. PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Pembangunan II Medan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah daftar pertanyaan ( Quesioner ). Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda, korelasi berganda, Uji t, Uji F dan determinasi. Secara parsial ada pengaruh motivasi terhadap prestasi kerja pada PT. PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Pembangunan II Medan dimana rhitung sebesar 0,213 sedangkan kepemimpinan juga berpengaruh terhadap prestasi kerja pegawai pada PT. PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Pembangunan II Medan dimana rhitung 0,287. Nilai korelasi berganda bersama-sama antara motivasi dan kepemimpinan terhadap prestasi kerja pegawai pada PT. PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Pembangunan II Medan diperoleh Rx1x2y = 0,500. Nilai yang positif tersebut mempunyai arti bahwa jika motivasi dan kepemimpinan ditingkatkan maka prestasi kerja pegawai akan meningkat.
HUBUNGAN DISIPLIN KERJA DAN SIKAP INOVATIF DENGAN KINERJA GURU SMA NEGERI 14 MEDAN
Authors: Karim Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Guru sangat berperan dalam membantu perkembangan peserta didik untuk mewujudkan tujuan hidupnya secara optimal. Sebagai seorang yang profesional guru harus memiliki kompetensi keguruan yang cukup. Guru yang memiliki kinerja yang tinggi pada dasarnya dapat menjalankan tugasnya secara tanggung jawab. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara disiplin kerja dengan kinerja guru SMA Negeri 14 Medan, hubungan antara sikap inovatif dengan kinerja guru SMA Negeri 14 Medan dan hubungan antara disiplin kerja dan sikap inovatif secara simultan dengan kinerja guru SMA Negeri 14 Medan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua guru yang mengajar di SMA Negeri 14 Medan, dengan jumlah keseluruhan sebanyak 50 orang guru. Seluruh populasi yang berjumlah 50 orang diambil sebagai sampel. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji asumsi klasik, korelasi, uji t, uji F dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel disiplin kerja mempunyai hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan kinerja guru SMA Negeri 14 Medan, Semakin tinggi tingkat disiplin guru maka kinerja guru juga akan semakin tinggi. Variabel sikap inovatif mempunyai hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan kinerja guru SMA Negeri 14 Medan, Semakin inovatif sikap guru maka kinerja guru juga akan semakin tinggi. Variabel disiplin kerja dan sikap inovatif secara serempak mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kinerja guru SMA Negeri 14 Medan. Koefisien determinasi sebesar 89,2 % variasi kinerja guru dapat dijelaskan oleh disiplin kerja dan sikap inovatif secara serempak, sedangkan sisanya 10,80 % lagi dijelaskan oleh faktor lain, yaitu seperti variabel motivasi dan gaya kepemimpinan.
Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Modulates 2 Distinct Neurocircuits
Authors: Shen Lunhao , Jiang Changqing , Hubbard Catherine S. , Ren Jianxun , He Changgeng , Wang Danhong , Dahmani Louisa , Guo Yi , Liu Yiming , Xu Shujun , Meng Fangang , Zhang Jianguo , Liu Hesheng , Li Luming 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveCurrent understanding of the neuromodulatory effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on large‐scale brain networks remains elusive, largely due to the lack of techniques that can reveal DBS‐induced activity at the whole‐brain level. Using a novel 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐compatible stimulator, we investigated whole‐brain effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease.MethodsFourteen patients received STN‐DBS treatment and participated in a block‐design functional MRI (fMRI) experiment, wherein stimulations were delivered during “ON” blocks interleaved with “OFF” blocks. fMRI responses to low‐frequency (60Hz) and high‐frequency(130Hz) STN‐DBS were measured 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postsurgery. To ensure reliability, multiple runs (48 minutes) of fMRI data were acquired at each postsurgical visit. Presurgical resting‐state fMRI (30 minutes) data were also acquired.ResultsTwo neurocircuits showed highly replicable, but distinct responses to STN‐DBS. A circuit involving the globus pallidus internus (GPi), thalamus, and deep cerebellar nuclei was significantly activated, whereas another circuit involving the primary motor cortex (M1), putamen, and cerebellum showed DBS‐induced deactivation. These 2 circuits were dissociable in terms of their DBS‐induced responses and resting‐state functional connectivity. The GPi circuit was frequency‐dependent, selectively responding to high‐frequency stimulation, whereas the M1 circuit was responsive in a time‐dependent manner, showing enhanced deactivation over time. Finally, activation of the GPi circuit was associated with overall motor improvement, whereas M1 circuit deactivation was related to reduced bradykinesia.InterpretationConcurrent DBS‐fMRI using 3T revealed 2 distinct circuits that responded differentially to STN‐DBS and were related to divergent symptoms, a finding that may provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying DBS. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1178–1193
On the Understandings of Dielectric Constant and Its Impacts on the Photovoltaic Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Fu Zihao , Zhang Xuning , Zhang Hong , Li Yanxun , Zhou Huiqiong , Zhang Yuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDielectric constant (ε) is an important parameter affecting the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSC). Increasing ε of bulk heterojunctions in general can benefit the performance of OSCs, as an increased ε will reduce the influence of Coulomb interaction between weakly bound electron‐hole pairs on charge‐transfer states or bimolecular recombination involving mobile carriers to reduce geminate and nongeminate losses. In this review, we overview the current understandings on dielectric constant and its impacts on exciton dissociation and voltage losses in OSCs and summarize recent efforts attempting to modify the dielectric properties of OSC materials through synthetic approaches. We further discuss the commonly adopted techniques for determining the parameter of ε with stressing the testing conditions that may affect the accuracy of results. At last, we suggest that novel experimental methods to improve the dielectric constant and resultant physical processes in OSCs will be appreciated, which helps enrich the existing strategy reservoir toward enhancement of photovoltaic efficiencies.
Recomposing kinship
Authors: Wolf‐Meyer Matthew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhat would happen if we accepted technological connection as a form of reckoning kinship? In exploring this position, I draw on accounts of disability and illness. First, I focus on an account of fecal microbial transplant use and the intimate connections the technology creates between the recipient and donor. This is followed with the case of a woman who relies upon facilitated communication to communicate with her social others, which depends on her use of other persons to interact with a keyboard. In both cases, material connections with and through technology disrupt the putative nature of kinship as based in “custom” and “blood.” Taking technological mediation in the production of kinship networks seriously destabilizes humanist conceptions of the contours and capacities of bodies, eroding the distinction between self and world. In apprizing the role of technology in making kinship networks, attention to disability and illness experiences of the world point to ways out of dominant conceptions of the human and the need to ethnographically attend to nonnormative bodily engagements with material worlds as the basis for emergent forms of personhood and subjectivity.
Effect of cooking locally available common bean (Obwelu) on iron and zinc retention, and pumpkin (Sweet cream) on provitamin A carotenoid retention in rural Uganda
Authors: Buzigi Edward , Pillay Kirthee , Siwela Muthulisi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPumpkin is a potential rich source of vitamin A precursors called provitamin A carotenoids (PVACs), while common bean is a potential rich source of iron and zinc. This study evaluated the effect of cooking locally available pumpkin, Sweet cream (Cucurbita moschata) on PVACs retention in Uganda. Furthermore, the effect of cooking locally available common bean, Obwelu (Phaseolus vulgaris) on iron and zinc retention was evaluated. Expert caregivers from the local community cooked pumpkin by either boiling or steaming, while common bean was cooked by either boiling with prior soaking or boiling without prior soaking. PVACs in raw and cooked pumpkin were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while iron and zinc in raw and cooked common bean were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Conversion of PVACs into vitamin A retinol activity equivalents (RAE) was calculated using the Institute of Medicine (2001) recommendations for the bioconversion of PVACs into vitamin A. Micronutrient retention was measured using true retention. β‐carotene, α‐carotene, and vitamin A content in raw pumpkin was 1,704 µg/100 g, 46 µg/100 g and 1,437 µgRAE/100 g, respectively. Either boiling or steaming pumpkin resulted in over 100% retention of PVACs and vitamin A. Iron and zinc retention for boiled common bean with prior soaking was 92.2% and 91.3%, respectively. Boiling common bean without prior soaking resulted in 88.4% and 75.6% retention of iron and zinc, respectively. In conclusion, to retain a high proportion of PVACs caregivers should be advised to cook Sweet cream by either boiling or steaming, while to retain a high proportion of iron and zinc, Obwelu should be prepared by boiling with prior soaking.
Comparative study of the effects of diosmin and diosmetin on fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance in mice fed a high‐fat high‐sucrose diet
Authors: Chung Sangwon , Kim Hyo‐Jin , Choi Hyo‐Kyoung , Park Jae Ho , Hwang Jin‐Taek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study compared the effects of diosmin and its aglycone, diosmetin, on body weight, liver fat, serum cholesterol, and glucose intolerance in male C57BL/6 mice fed a high‐fat high‐sucrose (HFHS) diet for 12 weeks. The mice were divided into four groups that received the following diets: normal diet (ND), HFHS diet, HFHS diet with 0.5% diosmin, and HFHS diet with 0.5% diosmetin. The body weight increased significantly in the HFHS diet group but decreased significantly in the HFHS diet with 0.5% diosmin group. The diosmin and diosmetin treatment inhibited fat accumulation in liver and epididymal tissues, and improved glucose intolerance by lowering glucose levels during a glucose tolerance test; these effects were greater in the diosmin group than those in the diosmetin group. Furthermore, only diosmin significantly ameliorated dyslipidemia, by reducing TC and LDL‐C levels, while diosmetin had little effect on these parameters. Taken together, the results showed that diosmin and diosmetin can prevent fat accumulation and glucose intolerance; however, diosmin was more effective and also showed an antidyslipidemic effect.
Comparative assessment of immunomodulatory, proliferative, and antioxidant activities of crocin and crocetin on mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Yousefi Forouzan , Arab Fahimeh L. , Rastin Maryam , Tabasi Nafiseh S. , Nikkhah Karim , Mahmoudi Mahmoud 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSaffron (Crocus sativus L) is a well‐known spice with active pharmacologic components including crocin, crocetin, safranal, and picrocrocin. Similar to crocin/crocetin, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to display immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties, which could be beneficial in treatment of various diseases. In the current study, we have evaluated the effects of crocin and crocetin on the functions of MSCs. We used the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide assay to evaluate MSCs proliferation, and flow cytometry assay to measure the percentage of apoptotic MSCs and Tregs populations. Furthermore, we used the real‐time polymerase chain reaction method to quantify messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Antioxidant assay was employed to quantify antioxidant parameters including nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels besides superoxide dismutase activity. Our findings indicated that both crocin and crocetin at low concentrations (2.5 and 5 µM) exhibited significant effects on increasing MSCs viability and on protecting them against apoptosis‐induced death. Furthermore, crocin and crocetin at low concentrations (2.5 and 5 µM) displayed a better antioxidant function. Moreover, increased Treg population was observed at lower doses. In addition, crocin/crocetin at low concentrations caused an elevation in mRNA expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor‐β, interleukin‐10 [IL‐10], and IL‐4), while at higher doses (25 and 50 µM) they led to lowering inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17, and interferon gamma). Altogether, both crocin and crocetin at lower concentrations exhibited more efficacies on MSCs with a better effect toward crocin. It seems that crocin and crocetin may be considered as complementary treatments for the patients who undergo MSCs transplantation.