bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiresidue Determination of Eleven Quinolones in Milk by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Yang Guixiang , Lin Baoyin , Zeng Zhenling , Chen Zhangliu , Huang Xianhui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection was developed for simultaneous determination of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, difloxacin, oxolinic acid, and flumequine in milk. The samples were extracted with 10% trichloroacetic acid/acetonitrile (9 + 1, v/v) and cleaned by Strata-X reversed-phase solid-phase extraction cartridges. The 11 quinolones were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column (Hypersil BDS-C18) with mobile phase gradient elution and detected with fluorescence by means of a wavelength program. The recoveries for milk fortified with the 11 quinolones at 3 levels were 69–88%, with acceptable relative standard deviations of &lt;9% (intraday) and &lt;14% (interday). The limits of detection were 23 μg/L for enrofloxacin, and 1–9 μg/L for the other 10 quinolones.
Quantitative Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins in Shellfish Using Prechromatographic Oxidation and Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection: Collaborative Study
Authors: Lawrence James F , Niedzwiadek Barbara , Menard Cathie ,   Collaborators:, Rojas de Astudillo L , Biré R , Burdaspal P A , Ceredi A , Davis B , Dias E , Eaglesham G , Franca S , Gallacher S , Graham D , Hald B , Heinze L , Hellwig E , Jonker K M , Kapp K , Krys S , Kurz K , Lacaze J P , Gago Martinez A , McNabb P , Ménard C , Milandri A , Nsengiyumva C , Pereira P , Pineiro N , Poletti R , Riddell G , Selwood A , Stern A , Tiebach R , van den Top H , Wezenbeek P , Yen I C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted for the determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in shellfish. The method used liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after prechromatographic oxidation of the toxins with hydrogen peroxide and periodate. The PSP toxins studied were saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (NEO), gonyautoxins 2 and 3 (GTX2,3; together), gonyautoxins 1 and 4 (GTX1,4; together), decarbamoyl saxitoxin (dcSTX), B-1 (GTX5), C-1 and C-2 (C1,2; together), and C-3 and C-4 (C3,4; together). B-2 (GTX6) toxin was also included, but for qualitative identification only. Mussels, both blank and naturally contaminated, were mixed and homogenized to provide a variety of PSP toxin mixtures and concentration levels. The same procedure was followed with clams, oysters, and scallops. Twenty-one test samples in total were sent to 21 collaborators who agreed to participate in the study. Results were obtained from 18 laboratories representing 14 different countries. It is recommended that the method be adopted First Action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Determination of Florfenicol in Fish Feed by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Hayes John M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple, accurate, and reproducible assay was developed for the determination of Florfenicol in medicated fish feed. Florfenicol was extracted from ground feed into an acetonitrile–water mixture by shaking and sonication. A portion of the centrifuged extract was passed through an Envi-Carb™ solid-phase extraction cartridge, through which Florfenicol eluted unretained. The collected eluant was diluted to adjust for analyte concentration, and injected into a reversed-phase liquid chromatography system. Samples were quantitated by external standard analysis versus multilevel calibration solutions. The procedure is suitable for the quantitation of samples medicated with 0.2–4 g/kg Florfenicol. Accuracy was evaluated by 2 analysts, who determined recovery of Florfenicol from feeds fortified over a range of 0.1–6.0 g/kg. The average recovery was 100.5% (relative standard deviation, 1.2%). The linearity, accuracy, precision, reproducibility (interday and analyst), and selectivity of the method are presented. The detection and quantitation limits were determined to be 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively.
Determination of Bromide Ion Residues in Broccoli after Fumigation with Methyl Bromide by Nonsuppressed Ion-Chromatography
Authors: Huang Hung-Chang , Lai Shu-Fen , Liu Yung-Chuan , Chen Hon-Yi , Tu Wu-Chun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A nonsuppressed ion chromatography method using conductivity detection was performed to determine the concentration of bromide ions in broccoli following fumigation with methyl bromide (MB). After fumigation by MB with concentration up to 40 g/m3, bromide residue (BR) was considerably increased from the trace amount on unfumigated broccoli to about 12 ppm on fumigated broccoli. For probing the location of BR, broccoli was divided into stems and florets. The BRs were measured separately, and the results indicated that BRs only appear in the florets of broccoli.
Determination of Acephate in Human Urine
Authors: LePage Jane T , Hebert Vincent R , Tomaszewska Elizabeth M , Rothlein Joan E , McCauley Linda 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Acephate is a commonly used organophosphate insecticide applied on agricultural crops and in residential communities. Because very little acephate is metabolized prior to excretion, the parent pesticide compound can be measured in human urine. The residue method must be sensitive enough to determine human exposure and potential health risk for both agricultural workers and their families who may be exposed by pesticide drift or by inadvertent carry-home residues. A reliable and sensitive method was developed to measure acephate concentrations in human urine. Urine was diluted with water and acetone, adjusted to a neutral pH, and partitioned twice in acetone–methylene chloride (1 + 1, v/v), with NaCl added to aid separation. The solvent-reduced organic phase extracts were clarified by activated charcoal solid-phase extraction and then adjusted to a final volume with the addition of a D-xylose analyte protectant solution to reduce matrix enhancement effects. Acephate concentrations in urine were determined by gas chromatography using pulsed flame photometric detection. The method limit of detection was established at 2 μg/L, with a method limit of quantitation of 10 μg/L. The average recovery from urine fortified with 10–500 μg/L was 102 ± 12% (n = 32).
Ion Chromatographic Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite in Vegetable and Fruit Baby Foods
Authors: McMullen Sarah E , Casanova John A , Gross Lois K , Schenck Frank J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An ion chromatographic method was developed for the determination of nitrate and nitrite in vegetable and fruit baby foods. The introduction of nitrate or nitrite to food may be natural or artificial as a preservative. Because of the higher pH found in babies' stomachs, nitrate can act as a reservoir for the production of nitrite by nitrate-reducing bacteria that can be harbored in the intestinal tract. This problem does not exist in adults because of the lower pH of the adult stomach. Exposure to nitrite by infants can result in methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome). There are also indications that carcinogenic nitrosamines can be formed from nitrates at the higher pH. These gastric conditions disappear at approximately 6 months of age. In this method, nitrate and nitrite were separated on a hydroxide-selective anion exchange column using online electrolytically generated high-purity hydroxide eluant and detected using suppressed conductivity detection. Average recoveries of spiked nitrite residue ranged from 91 to 104% and spiked nitrate residue ranged from 87 to 104%. This method and the AOAC Official Method yield comparable results for samples containing incurred nitrate residue. In addition, this method eliminates the hazardous waste associated with the use of cadmium found in the AOAC Official Method.
Application of a Fast High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Determination of Furanic Compounds and Glucosylisomaltol in Breakfast Cereals
Authors: RufiÁN-Henares JosÉ A , Delgado-Andrade Cristina , Morales Francisco J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The high-performance liquid chormatography method reported in the present paper provides a fast, low-cost, precise, and simple technique to analyze simultaneously 3 different indicators of nonenzymatic browning, i.e., hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furfural, and glucosylisomaltol (GIM), in breakfast cereals. These compounds were extracted in aqueous solution and separated on a reversed-phase C18 column with wateracetonitrile (95 + 5, v/v) mobile phase under isocratic conditions. Average recovery rates for HMF, furfural, and GIM were 99.1, 98.4, and 99.4%, respectively. The coefficients of variation were 3.67, 2.42, and 1.59% for HMF, furfural, and GIM, respectively. The detection limit was 0.01mg/kg, and the quantitation limit was 0.05mg/kg for the 3 studied compounds.
Effect of Sample Preparation and Preenrichment Media on the Recovery of Salmonella from Cantaloupes, Mangoes, and Tomatoes
Authors: Hammack Thomas S , Johnson Mildred L , Jacobson Andrew P , Andrews Wallace H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of buffered peptone water (BPW), lactose (LAC) broth, and Universal Preenrichment (UP) broth for the recovery of Salmonella organisms from fruit rinses, whole fruit, and comminuted fruit. In the first phase, the relative effectiveness of the rinse and soak methods for the recovery of Salmonella from surface-contaminated mangoes and tomatoes was examined. Fruits were spot inoculated with single Salmonella serovars and held for 4 days at 26C before analysis was initiated. The contaminated fruit was rinsed in portions of BPW, LAC broth, or UP broth. Portions from each rinse were added to its respective broth (e.g., BPW to BPW). Individual whole fruit, in their remaining broth rinses (soak method), and the fruit rinse/broths (rinse method) were incubated for 24 h at 35C. The Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Salmonella culture method was followed thereafter. The soak method produced significantly greater numbers (P &lt; 0.05) of positive test portions than did the rinse method for the analysis of mangoes (93 versus 12) and tomatoes (85 versus 34). The 3 broths were comparable for the recovery of Salmonella for both the soak and the rinse methods for mangoes. For tomatoes, there were no significant differences among the broths for the soak method, but BPW and UP broth were significantlymore productive (P &lt; 0.05) than LAC broth by the rinse method. In the second phase, the relative effectiveness of LAC broth, BPW, and UP broth for the recovery of Salmonella from comminuted fruit was examined. Fruits were contaminated with single Salmonella serovars and aged for 4 days at 26C. Twenty 25 g test portions were preenriched in each of the following broths: BPW, LAC broth, and UP broth. The BAM Salmonella culture method was followed thereafter. For cantaloupes, significantly more (P &lt; 0.05) Salmonella-positive test portions were recovered with UP broth (96 Salmonella-positive test portions) and BPW (87 Salmonella-positive test portions) than with LAC broth (57 Salmonella-positive test portions). For mangoes, BPW recovered an arithmetically larger number of Salmonella-positive test portions (27 Salmonella-positive test portions) than did either LAC broth (14 Salmonella-positive test portions) or UP broth (18 Salmonella-positive test portions). For tomatoes, there were no significant differences among the broths: BPW recovered 65 Salmonella-positive test portions, UP broth recovered 62 Salmonella-positive test portions, and LAC broth recovered 60 Salmonella-positive test portions. For the analysis of whole fruit, it is recommended that the soak method be used. For whole fruit analyzed with the soak method, UP broth should be used for tomatoes and BPW should be used formangoes. It is further recommended that UP broth be used for the analysis of comminuted cantaloupes and that BPW be used for the analysis of comminuted mangoes and tomatoes.
Indirect Determination of Fe(III) in Synthetic Samples and Iron Dextran Tablets by Capillary Electrophoresis with Ultraviolet Detection
Authors: Tang Yajun , Wu Mingjia , Xu Yuanhong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis method based on the oxidation of ascorbic acid is proposed for the indirect determination of Fe(III). Fe(III) concentration corresponds to the decrease in ascorbic acid peak area. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 1.68112 mg/L for Fe(III), which was easily detected at a concentration of 1.12 mg/L at 3 times the standard deviation of the blank divided by the slope of the calibration graph. The lack of interferences from Fe(II) in synthetic samples and 3 excipients (starch, magnesium strearate, and microcrystalline cellulose) in dextran tablets in the determination of Fe(III) confirmed the high selectivity of the proposed method. Its application to the determination of Fe(III) in several synthetic samples and iron dextran tablets produced excellent results.
Development of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay with TaqMan Probe for the Quantitative Detection of Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus from Shrimp
Authors: Yue Zhi-Qin , Liu Hong , Wang Wei-Ji , Lei Zhi-Wen , Liang Cheng-Zhu , Jiang Yu-Lin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An assay was developed for the detection of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A pair of primers and a TaqMan probe were designed that are specific for the recognition of a conservative region in the IHHNV genome. The IHHNV real-time PCR assay had a detection limit of 9 DNA copies,with a dynamic range of detection between 9 106 and 9 DNA copies. The primer pairs and probe were specific to IHHNV and did not cross-reactwith shrimp genomic DNAor other shrimp viruses such as White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Monodon Baculovirus (MBV), and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV). This assay has a broad application for basic and clinical investigations. For clinical samples, the real-time PCR assay detected all the positive samples screened by conventional PCR, which indicated the sensitivity of the real-time assay. The IHHNV real-time PCR assay with high sensitivity, specificity, wide range of detection ability, and simplicity is particularly useful for screening large numbers of specimens and measuring viral loads to monitor the broodstock.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Antihistaminic Drugs Using 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)
Authors: Badawey Amr M , Abbas Samah S , Loutfy Hayam M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method is suggested for analysis of 3 antihistaminic drugs, acrivastine (I), mequitazine (II), and dimethindene maleate (III). The method is based on reaction of the drugs with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in acetonitrile to form highly stable colored products that are measured at 750, 766, and 844 nm for I and II, and 480 and 618 nm for III. Beer's law is obeyed in the ranges of 560 g/mL for I, 550 g/mL for II, and 1070 g/mL for III. The optimum assay conditions and their applicability to the determination of the cited drugs in pharmaceutical formulations are described. The method is statistically analyzed as compared with the European Pharmacopoeia (2001) method for the analysis of dimethindene maleate and reference methods for acrivastine and mequitazine drugs revealing good accuracy and precision.
Development and Validation of a New High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for the Determination of Gliclazide and Repaglinide in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Berecka Anna , Gumieniczek Anna , Hopkaa Hanna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the quantitation of gliclazide and repaglinide in pharmaceutical formulations. Determination was performed using a LiChroCART RP-18 column, a mobile phase containing acetonitrilephosphate buffer (pH 2.1; 60 + 40, v/v), and ultraviolet (UV) detection at 225 nm. Repaglinide was used as an internal standard for gliclazide determination and gliclazide for repaglinide assay. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, robustness, ruggedness, accuracy, and specificity. The calibration graphs ranged from 0.015 to 0.09 mg/mL for gliclazide and 0.06 to 0.36 mg/mL for repaglinide. Intra- and interday relative standard deviation values for the standard solutions were 0.70 and 1.01% for gliclazide and 0.78 and 0.93% for repaglinide, respectively. Total recoveries of gliclazide and repaglinide from the laboratory-prepared mixtures were 99.82 0.58 and 101.50 0.46% for gliclazide and repaglinide, respectively (mean standard deviation (SD)]. In forced degradation studies, the effect of acid, base, oxidation, UV light, and temperature on both drugs was also investigated. Finally, the method was applied for the quality control of commercial gliclazide and repaglinide tablets. Total recovery was 100.40 0.35 and 104.46 0.23% f SD). or gliclazide and repaglinide, respectively [mean SD).
Use of Griess Reagent Containing Vanadium(III) for Post-Column Derivatization and Simultaneous Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate in Baby Food
Authors: Casanova John A , Gross Lois K , McMullen Sarah E , Schenck Frank J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An ion chromatographic method with post-column derivatization and spectrophotometric detection is presented for the determination of nitrate and nitrite (NOx) in baby food. NOx residues found naturally or added as preservatives were extracted from baby foods and determined by using ion chromatography with post-column derivatization and spectrophotometric detection. Nitrate was reduced to nitrite online by post-column reduction using vanadium(III) chloride and heat. Nitrite reacted with Griess reagent to produce a dye that was detected at 525 nm. The use of V(III) and heat to promote the reduction of nitrate to nitrite online is a novel feature of this detection system. The determination of incurred NOx residues in samples by using AOAC Method 993.03 yielded results comparable to those obtained by ion chromatography with spectrophotometric detection. The toxic and carcinogenic metal cadmium used in the AOAC Method to reduce the nitrate to nitrite was avoided. The proposed method provides simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite. Average recoveries of nitrate and nitrite residues ranged from 82 to 107 for fortification levels of 25400 ppm.
Salmonella Surveillance in AustraliaCreated from Adversity
Authors: Forsyth Jocelyn , Lightfoot Diane , Powling Joan , Tan Agnes 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A national scheme of Salmonella surveillance emerged in Australia as a direct result of high-profile outbreaks in 1977. A typing laboratory in Victoria put together a working model using the computer technology available at the time. The evolving information-gathering system has stood the test of time and has provided an invaluable bank of information covering isolations from humans and other sources. The databases have been used effectively in detecting trends and outbreaks and have assisted in the solution of public health problemseven extending internationally. The way in which this has been done and the lessons learned are described.
Validation of a Microwell DNA Probe Assay for Detection of Listeria spp. in Foods
Authors: Oyarzabal Omar A , Behnke Nicole M , Mozola Mark A , Andrews Wallace H , Ryser Elliot T , Donnelly Catherine W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new DNA hybridization assay in microwell format for detection of Listeria spp. in foods and environmental samples was developed. This assay uses Listeria-specific oligonucleotide probes labeled with horseradish peroxidase and a photometrically determined end point. Validation studies with 15 different food commodities and a variety of environmental sample types were conducted to compare the performance of this alternative test versus reference methods. Meats, seafood, dairy products, and vegetables comprised the categories of food tested. Food samples were inoculated at 2 levels and refrigerated or frozen for at least 72 h. Uninoculated (negative) control samples were included in each trial. Samples were enriched according to the procedure recommended by either the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). Samples enriched for 24 h were transferred to Oxford agar plates and incubated for 24 h. The surface of the plateswas then swabbed and any growth present was transferred to phosphate buffer solution for the performance of the DNA assay. A standard confirmation procedure was used to compare the number of positive samples obtained with the DNA method versus reference methods. Statistical analyses of the results indicate that the proposed alternative method performs equally to cultural referencemethods. TheDNAassay is able to detect as lowas 1 colony-forming unit of Listeria in a 25 g food sample, with results available as early as 48 h after the start of sample enrichment.
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Aflatoxin Using Post-Column Photochemical Derivatization: Collaborative Study
Authors: Waltking Arthur E , Wilson David , Dunn E ,   Collaborators:, Chan D , Dunn E , Humphries J , Kandler H , Sizoo E , Wilson D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aflatoxin analysis, with post-column derivatization using a photochemical reactor for enhanced detection (PHRED) system for derivatization, has been compared to the officially recognized iodine and Kobra cell derivatization systems. This photochemical system has been extensively used for screening peanuts by some U.S. Department of Agriculture laboratories for many years. From their periodic method checks, using standard spiked samples, an 80 sample series with each of the 3 derivatization methods was statistically analyzed. Paired comparisons, using the same sample extract, were also made between the PHRED and one of the other 2 methods, among laboratories in 4 different countries, on a variety of naturally contaminated commodity products. The differences between the techniques were not significant for peanuts, but for corn the photochemical system consistently gave slightly higher values for aflatoxins B1 and B2 than the Kobra cell method. However, a comparison of all sample results showed no significant differences between methods. The Pearson correlation coefficients for aflatoxin B1 in 102 test samples and aflatoxin B2 in 94 test samples were 0.9994 and 0.9874, respectively. The probability factor was P &lt; 0.0001, and the t-tests were not significantly different except for the corn. These indicated that the PHRED system is equivalent to the iodine and Kobra cell methods for peanuts relative to the current official procedures, but the PHRED system has a slightly high bias for corn compared to the iodine and Kobra cell systems.
Multiplex-Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Authentication of the Mackerel Scomber colias in Commercial Canned Products
Authors: Infante Carlos , Manchado Manuel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system was developed for the authentication of the mackerel Scomber colias in commercial canned products. This novel method consists of an S. colias-specific fragment [159 base pairs (bp)] located in the nontranscribed spacer (NTS) sequence, and a Scomber genus-specific PCR product in the 5S rRNA gene (196201 bp) as a positive amplification control. The system was assayed using 18 different canned products labeled as S. colias. A positive identification was made in all but one sample, revealing this methodology as a potential molecular tool for direct application in the authentication of S. colias canned products.