bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft theorems from compactification
Authors: Marotta Raffaele , Verma Mritunjay 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We analyze the single subleading soft graviton theorem in (d + 1) dimensions under compactification on S1. This produces the single soft theorems for the graviton, vector and scalar fields in d dimension. For the compactification of 11-dimensional supergravity theory, this gives the soft factorization properties of the single graviton, dilaton and RR 1-form fields in type IIA string theory in ten dimensions. For the case of the soft vector field, we also explicitly check the result obtained from compactification by computing the amplitudes with external massive spin two and massless finite energy states interacting with soft vector field. The former are the Kaluza-Klein excitations of the d + 1 dimensional metric. Describing the interaction of the KK-modes with the vector field at each level by the minimally coupled Fierz-Pauli Lagrangian, we find agreement with the results obtained from the compactification if the gyromagnetic ratio in the minimally coupled Fierz-Pauli Lagrangian is taken to be g = 1.
Exploring the membrane theory of entanglement dynamics
Authors: Mezei Márk , Virrueta Julio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recently an effective membrane theory valid in a “hydrodynamic limit” was proposed to describe entanglement dynamics of chaotic systems based on results in random quantum circuits and holographic gauge theories. In this paper, we show that this theory is robust under a large set of generalizations. In generic quench protocols we find that the membrane couples geometrically to hydrodynamics, joining quenches are captured by branes in the effective theory, and the entanglement of time evolved local operators can be computed by probing a time fold geometry with the membrane. We also demonstrate that the structure of the effective theory does not change under finite coupling corrections holographically dual to higher derivative gravity and that subleading orders in the hydrodynamic expansion can be incorporated by including higher derivative terms in the effective theory.
Discrete fragmentation systems in weighted $$\pmb {\ell ^{1}}$$ spaces
Authors: Kerr Lyndsay , Lamb Wilson , Langer Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigate an infinite, linear system of ordinary differential equations that models the evolution of fragmenting clusters. We assume that each cluster is composed of identical units (monomers), and we allow mass to be lost, gained or conserved during each fragmentation event. By formulating the initial-value problem for the system as an abstract Cauchy problem (ACP), posed in an appropriate weighted $$\ell ^1$$

ℓ
1

space, and then applying perturbation results from the theory of operator semigroups, we prove the existence and uniqueness of physically relevant, classical solutions for a wide class of initial cluster distributions. Additionally, we establish that it is always possible to identify a weighted $$\ell ^1$$

ℓ
1

space on which the fragmentation semigroup is analytic, which immediately implies that the corresponding ACP is well posed for any initial distribution belonging to this particular space. We also investigate the asymptotic behaviour of solutions and show that, under appropriate restrictions on the fragmentation coefficients, solutions display the expected long-term behaviour of converging to a purely monomeric steady state. Moreover, when the fragmentation semigroup is analytic, solutions are shown to decay to this steady state at an explicitly defined exponential rate.
A robust flow cytometry-based biomass monitoring tool enables rapid at-line characterization of S. cerevisiae physiology during continuous bioprocessing of spent sulfite liquor
Authors: Vees Charlotte Anne , Veiter Lukas , Sax Fritz , Herwig Christoph , Pflügl Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAssessment of viable biomass is challenging in bioprocesses involving complex media with distinct biomass and media particle populations. Biomass monitoring in these circumstances usually requires elaborate offline methods or sophisticated inline sensors. Reliable monitoring tools in an at-line capacity represent a promising alternative but are still scarce to date. In this study, a flow cytometry-based method for biomass monitoring in spent sulfite liquor medium as feedstock for second generation bioethanol production with yeast was developed. The method is capable of (i) yeast cell quantification against medium background, (ii) determination of yeast viability, and (iii) assessment of yeast physiology though morphological analysis of the budding division process. Thus, enhanced insight into physiology and morphology is provided which is not accessible through common online and offline biomass monitoring methods. To demonstrate the capabilities of this method, firstly, a continuous ethanol fermentation process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with filtered and unfiltered spent sulfite liquor media was analyzed. Subsequently, at-line process monitoring of viability in a retentostat cultivation was conducted. The obtained information was used for a simple control based on addition of essential nutrients in relation to viability. Thereby, inter-dependencies between nutrient supply, physiology, and specific ethanol productivity that are essential for process design could be illuminated.
Role of FDG-PET/CT in children with fever of unknown origin
Authors: Pijl Jordy P. , Kwee Thomas C. , Legger G.E. , Peters Helja J.H. , Armbrust Wineke , Schölvinck E.H. , Glaudemans Andor W.J.M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the role of18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) in children with fever of unknown origin (FUO).MethodsThis retrospective single-center study included 110 children (0–18 years) with FUO who underwent FDG-PET/CT between 2010 and 2019. The diagnostic value of FDG-PET/CT for identifying cause of fever was calculated, treatment modifications after FDG-PET/CT were assessed, and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify clinical and biochemical factors associated with FDG-PET/CT outcome.ResultsIn 53 out of 110 patients (48%), FDG-PET/CT identified a (true positive) cause of fever. Endocarditis (11%), systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (5%), and inflammatory bowel disorder (5%) were the most common causes of FUO. In 42 patients (38%), no cause of fever was found on FDG-PET/CT. In 58 out of 110 patients (53%), treatment modifications were made after FDG-PET/CT. FDG-PET/CT achieved a sensitivity of 85.5%, specificity of 79.2%, positive predictive value of 84.1%, and negative predictive value of 80.9%. On multivariate logistic regression, C-reactive protein was positively associated with finding a true positive focus of fever on FDG-PET/CT (OR = 1.01 (95% CI 1.00–1.02) per mg/L increase in CRP), while leukocyte count was negatively associated with finding a true positive focus of fever (OR = 0.91 (95% CI 0.85–0.97) per 109leukocytes/L increase).ConclusionFDG-PET/CT is a valuable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of children with FUO, since it may detect a true underlying cause in almost half (48%) of all cases where none was found otherwise. It allows full-body evaluation in patients without disease-specific symptoms on one examination. CRP and leukocyte count were significantly associated with FDG-PET/CT results, which may contribute to a priori assessment on the outcome of FDG-PET/CT. Future research could be aimed at evaluating more patient-specific factors to prospectively estimate the added value of FDG-PET/CT in children with FUO.
Rationale and design of two randomized sham-controlled trials of catheter-based renal denervation in subjects with uncontrolled hypertension in the absence (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal) and presence (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED Expansion) of antihypertensive medications: a novel approach using Bayesian design
Authors: Böhm Michael , Townsend Raymond R. , Kario Kazuomi , Kandzari David , Mahfoud Felix , Weber Michael A. , Schmieder Roland E. , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Hickey Graeme L. , Fahy Martin , DeBruin Vanessa , Brar Sandeep , Pocock Stuart 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The SPYRAL HTN clinical trial program was initiated with two 80-patient pilot studies, SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED and SPYRAL HTN-ON MED, which provided biological proof of principle that renal denervation has a blood pressure-lowering effect versus sham controls for subjects with uncontrolled hypertension in the absence or presence of antihypertensive medications, respectively.

Trial design
Two multicenter, prospective, randomized, sham-controlled trials have been designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation for the reduction of blood pressure in subjects with hypertension in the absence (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal) or presence (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED Expansion) of antihypertensive medications. The primary efficacy endpoint is baseline-adjusted change from baseline in 24-h ambulatory systolic blood pressure. The primary safety endpoint is incidence of major adverse events at 1 month after randomization (or 6 months in cases of new renal artery stenosis). Both trials utilize a Bayesian design to allow for prespecified interim analyses to take place, and thus, the final sample sizes are dependent on whether enrollment is stopped at the first or second interim analysis. SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal will enroll up to 300 subjects and SPYRAL HTN-ON MED Expansion will enroll up to 221 subjects. A novel Bayesian power prior approach will leverage historical information from the pilot studies, with a degree of discounting determined by the level of agreement with data from the prospectively powered studies.

Conclusions
The Bayesian paradigm represents a novel and promising approach in device-based hypertension trials.

Clinical trial registration
URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02439749 (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal) and NCT02439775 (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED Expansion).
Initial dynamic thermal dissipation modes enhance heat dissipation in gold nanoparticle–polydimethylsiloxane thin films
Authors: Howard Tyler V. , Berry Keith R. , Roper D. Keith 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlasmonic nanocomposite materials have exhibited value for applications ranging from biological hyperthermia to optical sensing and waveguiding. Energy absorbed from incident irradiation can be re-emitted as light or decay into phonons that propagate through the surrounding material and increase its temperature. Previous works have examined steady-state thermal dissipation resulting from irradiated plasmonic nanocomposites. This work shows heat dissipation in the first few seconds can significantly exceed that during subsequent steady state, depending on film geometry, nanoparticle diameter and concentration, laser irradiation power, and position within and adjacent to the irradiated spot. Films of lower thickness containing 16 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) irradiated at 13.5 mW laser power showed highest enhancement and tunability of the dynamic thermal mode within and adjacent to the irradiated spot. Measured initial nanocomposite film temperature in or near the irradiated spot exceeded that resulting from constant bulk film thermal dissipation. These results improve understanding of cooling dynamics of resonantly irradiated nanocomposite materials and guide development of devices with enhanced thermal dissipation dynamics.
Immigrant Fertility in Comparative Perspective: South Africa and the United States
Authors: Aguilera Guadalupe , Korinek Kim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBecause immigrant fertility is situated within two societies, the resultant childbearing patterns reflect a culmination of selectivity into migration alongside blended experiences of origin-destination contexts around fertility norms. We analyze the ways that national origin shapes patterns of childbearing within fertility covariates. We use data from Statistics South Africa and the United States Census Bureau harmonized in the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International for a disaggregated analysis of the odds of a birth in the past year among the three most prominent immigrant groups compared with native-born women in each receiving country. Interacted logistic regression analyses and margins results demonstrate significant nativity-based differences in the odds of childbearing across age, previous childbearing, and marital status, but not across educational attainment. We attribute variation in the covariates of fertility across nativities to demographic composition and the contexts of migration unique to each group.
Between Pleasure and Pain: A Pilot Study on the Biological Mechanisms Associated with BDSM Interactions in Dominants and Submissives
Authors: Wuyts Elise , De Neef Nele , Coppens Violette , Fransen Erik , Schellens Eline , Van Der Pol Maarten , Morrens Manuel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
BDSM is an abbreviation used to reference the concepts of bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, sadism, and masochism, enacted by power exchanges between consensual partners.

Aim
To shed light upon the rewarding biological mechanisms associated with BDSM interactions.

Methods
A group of 35 BDSM couples (dominant and submissive counterparts) were recruited and tested during a BDSM interaction, with an additional control group of 27 non-BDSM interested people tested in a normal social interaction.

Outcomes
We compared the evolution of the stress and reward hormone levels of cortisol, beta-endorphins, and endocannabinoids (2AG and anandamide) in a group of BDSM practitioners before and after an active BDSM interaction with the levels in control individuals.

Results
We showed that submissives showed increases in cortisol and endocannabinoid levels due to the BDSM interaction, with dominants only showing increased endocannabinoid levels when the BDSM interaction was associated with power play.

Clinical Implications
This study effectively provides a link between behavior that many think of as aberrant on one hand, and biological pleasure experience on the other, in the hope that it may relieve some of the stigma these practitioners still endure.

Strengths & Limitations
It is one of the first and largest studies of its kind, but is still limited in sample size and only represents a specific population of Flemish BDSM practitioners.

Conclusion
Even though this is one of the first studies of its kind, we can conclude that there is a clear indication for increased pleasure in submissives when looking at biological effects of a BDSM interaction, which was related to the increases in experienced stress.
A Cross-Sectional Study Using Health Behavior Theory to Predict Rapid Compliance With Campus Emergency Notifications Among College Students
Authors: Rogers Christopher J. , Forster Myriam , Bahr Kaitlin , Benjamin Stephanie M. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:Compliance with college emergency notifications can minimize injury; however, time is often wasted in alert verification. Building on prior research, this study assesses using health-behavior theory to predict rapid compliance to emergency notifications across a range of scenarios and within a diverse college population.Methods:Cross-sectional, student data were collected in 2017-2018 (n= 1529). The Theory of Planned Behavior and Protection Motivation Theory were used to explain intention to comply with emergency notifications in scenarios: robbery, shooter, fire, chemical spill, protest, health emergency, and air quality. Regression models assessed associations between constructs and intention to rapidly comply with each notification.Results:The most consistent predictors of rapid compliance were attitudes and subjective norms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.057-1.118; 95% CI: 1.009-1.168). Scenarios prone to rapid developments such as robbery, shooter, and fire were associated with increased perceived threat and response efficacy (AOR: 1.024-1.082; 95% CI: 1.003-1.132) Slower developing situations such as air quality and health hazards were associated with increased perceived control (AOR: 1.027-1.073; 95% CI: 1.031-1.117).Conclusions:This study identified attitude and subjective norms as consistent predictors of rapid compliance and improves understanding of additional constructs across scenarios. Campuses may benefit from leveraging concepts from health-behavior theory to provide targeted intervention focusing on factors associated with rapid compliance.
Independent experts with political mandates: ‘Role distance’ in the production of political knowledge
Authors: Niederberger Aurel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSome experts take on political mandates and simultaneously base their authority on a claim to independence: this balancing act enables international organisations (IOs) to incorporate ‘independent’ experts and generate ‘objective’ knowledge around their policies. However, how do these experts reconcile the contradictory roles of a mandated expert and an independent expert? I address this question by taking recourse to Goffman's sociology and two related concepts:sociological ambivalencerefers to situations in which a person faces conflicting expectations. This conflict can be remedied throughrole distance, that is, behaviour that signals a degree of disaffection from the role one is currently performing while one simultaneously continues to perform that role. I conduct a case study of ‘independent’ experts hired by the UN Security Council to monitor sanctions, analysing how their position is sociologically ambivalent and how their knowledge practices are interlaced with performances of role distance. The findings have two implications for macro-phenomena: first, by keeping their contradictory role constellation functional, experts make it possible for IOs to mobilise ‘independent expertise’. Second, because experts perform role distance through the way they produce knowledge, role distance leaves traces in political knowledge.
The Discursive Politics of Education Policy in China: Educating Migrant Children
Authors: Yu Min , Crowley Christopher B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article explores the discursive functioning of education policies, bringing into consideration community perspectives regarding policy enactment in contemporary China. With the intention of building upon ongoing discussions surrounding both the conceptions and purposes of policy sociology, we critically analyse policies directly related to the education of migrant children living in and around China's largest urban centres, with a specific focus on those implemented in Beijing. We emphasize two important aspects that previous studies of China's education policies have tended to underplay given their focus on social-economic perspectives. The first argument is that education policies have an underlying agenda that extends beyond that of simply addressing the educational needs of migrant children – evidenced through the discursive functions of policy texts. The second argument is related and seeks to raise questions about who is best served by these policies and for whom these policies are intended.
Health systems strengthening to optimise scale-up in global mental health in low- and middle-income countries: lessons from the frontlines–RETRACTED
Authors: Petersen I. , van Rensburg A. , Gigaba S. , Luvuno Z.P.B. , Fairall L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Against the backdrop of mounting calls for the global scaling-up of mental health services – including quality care and prevention services – there is very little guidance internationally on strategies for scaling-up such services. Drawing on lessons from scale-up attempts in six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and using exemplars from the front-lines in South Africa; we illustrate how health reforms towards people-centred chronic disease management provide enabling policy window opportunities for embedding mental health scale-up strategies into these reforms. Rather than going down the oft-trodden road of vertical funding for scale-up of mental health services, we suggest using the policy window that stresses global policy shifts towards strengthening of comprehensive integrated primary health care systems that are responsive to multimorbid chronic conditions. This is indeed a substantial opportunity to firmly locate mental health within these horizontal health systems strengthening funding agendas. While this approach will promote systems more enabling of scaling up of mental health services, implications for donor funders and researchers alike is the need for increased time commitments, resources and investment in local control.
Probing the Magnetic Structure of a Pair of Transpolar Arcs With a Solar Wind Pressure Step
Authors: Milan S. E. , Carter J. A. , Hubert B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present observations of the Northern Hemisphere auroras taken with the far ultraviolet cameras onboard the Imager for Magnetopause‐to‐Aurora Global Exploration spacecraft during a compression of the magnetosphere by a solar wind pressure step on 30 December 2001. The compression occurs during a period of northward interplanetary magnetic field which has given rise to the presence of a pair of transpolar arcs (TPAs) near the dawnside oval. The compression causes a brightening of the oval, from dayside to nightside over the course of 10 min, followed by a brightening of the midnight sector oval and TPAs from nightside to dayside, again over 10 min. We suggest that the brightening is caused by pitch angle scattering of particles trapped on closed magnetic field lines and that the sequence of the brightening tracks the solar wind pressure step as it progresses along the length of the magnetotail. Traveling at 600 km s
, the step reaches up to 90
down‐tail over the period of brightening, suggesting that the magnetic field lines which map to the TPAs are closed and stretch almost this length down‐tail.
Investigating Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere‐Thermosphere (M‐I‐T) Coupling Occurring During the 7–8 November 2004 Superstorm
Authors: Horvath Ildiko , Lovell Brian C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the shock‐sheath driven 7–8 November 2004 superstorm for its flux transfer events and resultant flow channel (FC) events and associated neutral (DN) and electron (Ne) density features in order to understand better the underlying coupled magnetosphere (M) and ionosphere (I) processes and responses in the thermosphere (T). We focus on the (i) subauroral, auroral, and polar cap regions, (ii) localized DN increases and associated Ne features and FCs developed, and (iii) energy deposition occurred. Results show the development of localized DN increases (1) within/over FCs and associated enhanced small‐scale field aligned currents suggesting Joule heating driving upwelling during forward and reverse polar convections, (2) appearing with Ne increases during storm‐enhanced density (SED) events suggesting strong M‐I‐T coupling and with Ne depletions during plasmaspheric erosion events suggesting weak M‐I‐T coupling, and (3) in the thermosphere's increasing NO and continuously low O/N2 composition regions. During erosion events, strong storm‐time subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) E fields developed. Meanwhile the well‐developed plasmapause appeared with decreased total electron content (TEC) on its poleward side and with increased TEC and Ne (appearing as a shoulder feature that is the signature of SED) on its equatorward side. From these we conclude that although strong M‐I‐T coupling was apparent during SED events, M‐I‐T coupling was also strong during erosion events when the combination of strong convection E field and large storm‐time SAPS E fields eroded the high‐latitude region and thus decreased the high‐latitude Ne and TEC.