bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune‐related adverse events correlate with improved survival in patients with advanced mucosal melanoma treated with nivolumab: A single‐center retrospective study in Japan
Authors: Otsuka Masaki , Sugihara Satoru , Mori Shoichiro , Hamada Kengo , Sasaki Yosuke , Yoshikawa Shusuke , Kiyohara Yoshio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImmune‐related adverse events (irAE) were reported to be associated with better outcomes in various cancers treated with the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab. Considering that their development depends on host immune activation, irAE may reflect antitumor response in mucosal melanoma (MM). This single‐center retrospective study including patients with advanced MM receiving nivolumab monotherapy between August 2014 and September 2018 investigated whether the development of irAE was associated with clinical efficacy. The study patients were divided into those with and without irAE, and treatment efficacy and safety were evaluated. The study cohort of 27 patients included 20 (74%), six (22%) and one (4%) patient with primary MM in the head and neck, genitourinary and anorectal regions, respectively. The irAE onset was not significantly associated with the objective response rate in patients while it was significantly associated with the disease control rate. The median progression‐free survival in patients with and without irAE was 301 and 63 days, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) in patients with and without irAE was 723 and 199 days, respectively. According to the timing of irAE onset, the OS was better in seven patients who developed irAE after 180 days than in nine patients who developed irAE within 180 days. Although 16 patients (59%) experienced any grade irAE, including three (11%) with grade 3 or more irAE, there were no treatment‐related deaths. These results indicated that the development of irAE may correlate with improved survival in patients with MM treated with nivolumab monotherapy. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
Management of urban wetlands for conservation can reduce aquatic biodiversity and increase mosquito risk
Authors: Hanford Jayne K. , Webb Cameron E. , Hochuli Dieter F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Global wetland loss means constructed urban wetlands are an increasingly valuable resource for conservation. However, priorities for managing urban wetlands for conservation are often seen to conflict with management to reduce potential mosquito risks, such as nuisance biting and pathogen transmission. Understanding the ecological consequences of wetland management practices is vital to maximize the conservation value of urban wetlands without negatively impacting public health; however, management practices are often untested.

We conducted a landscape‐scale experiment to test the ecological impacts of an existing urban wetland management regime, in which a group of urban wetlands are drained annually to reduce the abundance of an invasive fish, the plague minnow Gambusia holbrooki, and then refilled to provide breeding habitat for a threatened frog, the green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea. We collected and compared aquatic macroinvertebrates and mosquito larvae from these refilled wetlands, and adjacent undrained wetlands, as well as sampling adult mosquito populations on four occasions across summer and autumn.

Wetland draining had a significant effect on aquatic macroinvertebrates and larval mosquitoes. Twice as many macroinvertebrates were collected from drained wetlands compared to undrained wetlands, and almost all mosquito larvae were collected from drained wetlands. Differences in macroinvertebrate assemblages and larval mosquitoes at drained and undrained wetlands decreased over time, but total macroinvertebrate abundance and taxa richness did not.

Synthesis and applications. While conserving threatened habitats and species is vitally important, our results highlight how wetland management practices can unintentionally impact non‐target species, and potentially public health. As constructed urban wetlands become more common, so too does the need for routine maintenance and management of threatened and invasive species. It is essential that future design and management of urban wetlands considers the impact mosquitoes might have on humans. Pre‐emptive action to control geographically relevant vectors of mosquito‐borne pathogens and nuisance biting species would reduce human exposure to mosquitoes and associated negative impacts, and increase positive conservation outcomes associated with urban wetlands.
The effect of positive‐end‐expiratory pressure on stroke volume variation: An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Nakashima Tsuyoshi , Kawazoe Yu , Iseri Toshie , Miyamoto Kyohei , Fujimoto Yuka , Kato Seiya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStroke volume variation (SVV) may be affected by ventilation settings. However, it is unclear whether positive‐end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) affects SVV independently of the effect of driving pressure. We aimed to investigate the effect of driving pressure and PEEP on SVV under various preload conditions using beagle dogs as the animal model. We prepared three preload model, baseline, mild and moderate haemorrhage model. Mild and moderate haemorrhage models were created in nine anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs by sequentially removing 10 mL/kg, and then an additional 10 mL/kg of blood, respectively. We measured cardiac output, stroke volume (SV), SVV, heart rate, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and the mean arterial pressure under varying ventilation settings. Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) was incrementally increased by 4 cmH2O, from 9 cmH2O to 21 cmH2O, under PEEP values of 4, 8, and 12 cmH2O. The driving pressure did not significantly decrease SV under each preload condition and PEEP; however, significantly increased SVV. In contrast, the increased PEEP decreased SV and increased SVV under each preload condition and driving pressure, but these associations were not statistically significant. According to multiple regression analysis, an increase in PEEP and decrease in preload significantly decreased SV (P < .05). In addition, an increase in the driving pressure and decrease in preload significantly increased SVV (P < .05). Driving pressure had more influence than PEEP on SVV.
Abundant and diverse arsenic‐metabolizing microorganisms in peatlands treating arsenic‐contaminated mining wastewaters
Authors: Kujala Katharina , Besold Johannes , Mikkonen Anu , Tiirola Marja , Planer‐Friedrich Britta 
Published: January 2020

SummaryMining operations produce large quantities of wastewater. At a mine site in Northern Finland, two natural peatlands are used for the treatment of mining‐influenced waters with high concentrations of sulphate and potentially toxic arsenic (As). In the present study, As removal and the involved microbial processes in those treatment peatlands (TPs) were assessed. Arsenic‐metabolizing microorganisms were abundant in peat soil from both TPs (up to 108 cells gdw−1), with arsenate respirers being about 100 times more abundant than arsenite oxidizers. In uninhibited microcosm incubations, supplemented arsenite was oxidized under oxic conditions and supplemented arsenate was reduced under anoxic conditions, while little to no oxidation/reduction was observed in NaN3‐inhibited microcosms, indicating high As‐turnover potential of peat microbes. Formation of thioarsenates was observed in anoxic microcosms. Sequencing of the functional genemarkers aioA (arsenite oxidizers), arrA (arsenate respirers) and arsC (detoxifying arsenate reducers) demonstrated high diversity of the As‐metabolizing microbial community. The microbial community composition differed between the two TPs, which may have affected As removal efficiencies. In the present situation, arsenate reduction is likely the dominant net process and contributes substantially to As removal. Changes in TP usage (e.g. mine closure) with lowered water tables and heightened oxygen availability in peat might lead to re‐oxidation and re‐mobilization of bound arsenite.
7‐hydroxytropolone is the main metabolite responsible for the fungal antagonism of Pseudomonas donghuensis strain SVBP6
Authors: Muzio Federico M. , Agaras Betina C. , Masi Marco , Tuzi Angela , Evidente Antonio , Valverde Claudio 
Published: January 2020

SummaryPseudomonas donghuensis strain SVBP6, an isolate from an agricultural plot in Argentina, displays a broad‐spectrum and diffusible antifungal activity, which requires a functional gacS gene but could not be ascribed yet to known secondary metabolites typical of Pseudomonas biocontrol species. Here, we report that Tn5 mutagenesis allowed the identification of a gene cluster involved in both the fungal antagonism and the production of a soluble tropolonoid compound. The ethyl acetate extract from culture supernatant showed a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect against the phytopathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The main compound present in the organic extract was identified by spectroscopic and X‐ray analyses as 7‐hydroxytropolone (7HT). Its structure and tautomerism was confirmed by preparing the two key derivatives 2,3‐dimethoxy‐ and 2,7‐dimethoxy‐tropone. 7HT, but not 2,3‐ or 2,7‐dimethoxy‐tropone, mimicked the fungal inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate extract from culture supernatant. The activity of 7HT, as well as its production, was barely affected by the presence of up to 50 μM added iron (Fe+2). To summarize, P. donghuensis SVBP6 produces 7HT under the positive control of the Gac‐Rsm cascade and is the main active metabolite responsible for the broad‐spectrum inhibition of different phytopathogenic fungi.
On the relationship between the sense of self and the structure of dreams examined through questionnaire research for Japanese university students
Authors: Tanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the author attempts to show some structural changes in the adolescent mind in modern Japan through examination of our quantitative research of the dreams of university students. Two questionnaires, Scale of Anthropophobia Mentality and Scale of Sense of Self, were administered while asking students about the contents of their ‘impressive dreams’ in childhood as well as their recent dreams. By paying attention to the relationship between the sense of self of dream‐ego and the structure of dreams, the author demonstrates the subjects’ difficulty, or inability, to ‘have’ anxiety and thereby become active enough both on the surface of their consciousness and in the depth of their unconscious to effect change in their situation. The author concludes with a suggestion regarding the necessity of a cross‐cultural study in this field and adds some points of comparison between German and Japanese dreams reported in psychotherapies.
Apocalyptic themes in times of trouble: when young men are deeply alienated
Authors: Tyminski Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBoys and young men more frequently live out aspects of their psychic and social alienation online. This paper explores some of the risks and dangers that can arise from retreats into the two‐dimensional world of cyberspace. It focuses more specifically on videogaming called MOBA, multi‐player online battle arena games, in which players point and shoot at others. A case example emphasizes the clinical problems emerging from violent fantasies that seek a false form of containment in cyberspace. Themes of destructive fantasizing are further amplified through images of apocalypse, which are often prevalent in combat arena videogames. Textual sources from the Book of Revelation offer possible understanding for various elements of destructiveness as it appears in vulnerable male psyches. Therapeutic contact that combines a relational, containing approach and a broadly spiritual and soulful perspective can provide a path to healing such violent splits within the psyches of boys and young men.
Quotas, women's leadership and grassroots women activists: Bringing women into the party?
Authors: PONCE ALDO F. , SCARROW SUSAN E. , ACHURY SUSAN 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch has consistently shown that women are less likely than men to participate in political parties as members and activists; this participation gender gap has persisted despite narrowing gender gaps in education, employment and in other types of political participation. Yet while the gaps are widespread, their size varies greatly by country as well as by party. To what extent do party organizational factors help explain these disparities? More pointedly, are there any lessons to be learned from past experiences about party mechanisms which might help to reduce these gaps? To answer these questions, this study investigates grassroots partisan participation in 68 parties in 12 parliamentary democracies, considering whether factors that have been shown to boost the number of women candidates and legislators are also associated with changing the traditionally male dominance of grassroots party politics. We find evidence of links between some party mechanisms and higher women's intra‐party participation; however, because the same relationship holds for men's participation, they do not alter the participation gender gap. Only greater participation of women in parties’ parliamentary delegations is associated with smaller grassroots gender gaps. We conclude that parties which wish to close grassroots gender gaps should not rely solely on efforts aimed at remedying gender gaps at the elite level.
Evaluation of Suspected Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Tablets Declared to Contain Controlled Substances Using Handheld Raman Spectrometers
Authors: Lanzarotta Adam , Kimani Martin M. , Thatcher Michael D. , Lynch John , Fulcher Moseley , Witkowski Mark R. , Batson JaCinta S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study describes the performance of handheld Raman devices for determining whether suspect pharmaceutical tablets declared to contain controlled substances were consistent with authentic (CWA) or not consistent with authentic (NCWA) tablets using a simple, rapid, field‐friendly method capable of being used by nonexperts. Twenty‐five authentic products and 84 known NCWA tablets were examined using three “parent” devices for a total of 327 analyses. On average, the parent devices yielded a true pass rate of 100%, a true fail rate of 98.4%, a false pass rate of 1.6%, and a false fail rate of 0%. The methods/libraries were then transferred to 13 identical “daughter” devices, which were used to examine 10 suspect finished dosage forms in duplicate (six known NCWA tablets and four authentic tablets) for a total of 260 measurements. On average, the daughter devices had a true pass rate of 100%, a true fail rate of 95.5%, a false pass rate of 4.5%, and a false fail rate of 0.0%. These data demonstrate that the parent–daughter electronic transfer method was successful, which permits the ability to develop methods in the laboratory that can be seamlessly pushed out to field devices. The methods can then be used to (i) prioritize samples for additional testing using other more time‐consuming laboratory‐based techniques needed to detect and quantify active ingredients and (ii) help support the interdiction of dangerous tablets at ports of entry, thereby preventing them from reaching the supply chain.
Association of rs27044 and rs30187 polymorphisms in endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 gene and ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gao Shutao , Xu Tao , Liang Weidong , Xun Chuanhui , Deng Qiang , Guo Hailong , Sheng Weibin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe findings regarding association of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) gene polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) susceptibility are inconsistent. Our aim is to appraise and merge the existing evidence on the relationship of rs27044 and rs30187 polymorphisms in ERAP1 gene and susceptibility to AS.MethodsElectronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and CNKI were retrieved for relevant publications. The search was conducted from inception to 10 June, 2019. Studies on the association of rs27044 and rs30187 polymorphisms and risk of AS were included. Quality evaluation was carried out using Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS). Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to appraise the associations under allelic and genotypic models.ResultsIn total, 26 case‐control studies with 31 cohorts containing 17 223 AS patients and 36 915 controls were eligible for this meta‐analysis. According to NOS, each study received ≥ 5 scores. The pooled data indicated that rs27044 and rs30187 polymorphisms were significantly associated with AS susceptibility in the overall population: rs27044, G versus C, OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.16‐1.33, P<.001; rs30187, T versus C, OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.17‐1.33, P<.001. When stratified by ethnicity, rs27044 appeared to be significantly correlated with AS in both Asians and Caucasians. For rs30187, despite positive association being observed under the allelic model in both Asians and Caucasians, the findings of genotypic comparisons supported the association only existed in Caucasians but not Asians.ConclusionThis study suggests that rs27044 and rs30187 polymorphisms are significantly associated with increased risk of AS, especially in Caucasians.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of Achilles tendon: Is there any difference between ankylosing spondylitis, non‐radiographic axial spondyloarthropathy and controls?
Authors: Vahidfar Shahla , Sunar İsmihan , Ataman Şebnem , Yılmaz Gürkan , Azarabadi Javid M. , Bölükbaşı Ayşe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim is to evaluate Achilles tendon enthesopathy with ultrasound (US) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non‐radiographic axial SpA (nr‐axSpA) patients and controls, and compare these groups in terms of associations between disease activity parameters and ultrasonographic Achilles enthesitis signs.MethodsA total of 24 AS and 20 nr‐axSpA patients fulfilling the Assessment in Spondyloarthritis International Working Group criteria for axSpA and 30 controls were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein (CRP), human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B27, Bath AS Disease Activity Index, Bath AS Functional Index, Bath AS Metrology Index, Maastricht AS Enthesitis Score (MASES), AS Disease Activity Score‐CRP, modified Stoke AS Spine Score (m‐SASSS) scores and ultrasonographic findings were noted.ResultsHLA‐B27 positivity, extra‐articular and peripheral involvement, disease activity, functional status, mean m‐SASSS, ultrasonographic gray scale (GS) and total scores were similar between AS and nr‐axSpA groups. In GS, tendon echotexture scores were significantly different across all groups (0.812 ± 0.384 in AS, 0.575 ± 0.466 in nr‐axSpA, 0.017 ± 0.091 in controls; P < .001). Entheseal calcification scores were similar in AS and nr‐axSpA patients, and higher than controls (P = .001). Bone profile scores were similar in patients with AS and nr‐axSpA, and higher than controls (P = .010). When the correlations between US findings and disease activity and functional status were considered, power Doppler US (PDUS) and MASES total scores were positively correlated in the AS group (P = .045; r = .41).ConclusionAS and nr‐axSpA patients were found to be similar in various clinical, functional, and US findings indicating that these 2 entities are different phenotypic reflections of the same disease spectrum. The positive correlation between PDUS and MASES scores in AS patients substantiate the performance of MASES in evaluation of entheseal activity.
Improving the accuracy of land cover classification in cloud persistent areas using optical and radar satellite image time series
Authors: Lopes Mailys , Frison Pierre‐Louis , Crowson Merry , Warren‐Thomas Eleanor , Hariyadi Bambang , Kartika Winda D. , Agus Fahmuddin , Hamer Keith C. , Stringer Lindsay , Hill Jane K. , Pettorelli Nathalie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The recent availability of high spatial and temporal resolution optical and radar satellite imagery has dramatically increased opportunities for mapping land cover at fine scales. Fusion of optical and radar images has been found useful in tropical areas affected by cloud cover because of their complementarity. However, the multitemporal dimension these data now offer is often neglected because these areas are primarily characterized by relatively low levels of seasonality and because the consideration of multitemporal data requires more processing time. Hence, land cover mapping in these regions is often based on imagery acquired for a single date or on an average of multiple dates.

The aim of this work is to assess the added value brought by the temporal dimension of optical and radar time series when mapping land cover in tropical environments. Specifically, we compared the accuracies of classifications based on (a) optical time series, (b) their temporal average, (c) radar time series, (d) their temporal average, (e) a combination of optical and radar time series and (f) a combination of their temporal averages for mapping land cover in Jambi province, Indonesia, using Sentinel‐1 and Sentinel‐2 imagery.

Using the full information contained in the time series resulted in significantly higher classification accuracies than using temporal averages (+14.7% for Sentinel‐1, +2.5% for Sentinel‐2 and +2% combining Sentinel‐1 and Sentinel‐2). Overall, combining Sentinel‐2 and Sentinel‐1 time series provided the highest accuracies (Kappa = 88.5%).

Our study demonstrates that preserving the temporal information provided by satellite image time series can significantly improve land cover classifications in tropical biodiversity hotspots, improving our capacity to monitor ecosystems of high conservation relevance such as peatlands. The proposed method is reproducible, automated and based on open‐source tools satellite imagery.