bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pentoses, hexoses, and hydrolyzed arabinoxylan on the most abundant sugar, organic acid, and alcohol contents during rye sourdough bread production
Authors: Buksa Krzysztof 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesBased on the available literature, there are indications that the sugar composition present in rye flour, including pentoses present in arabinoxylan (AX), may have a significant impact on the relative proportions of fermentation products. The purpose of the study was to examine the changes in content of the most abundant sugars, organic acids, and alcohols caused by the addition of hexoses, pentoses, or hydrolyzed AX to rye flour at the beginning of the sourdough fermentation process.FindingsThe HPLC procedures revealed that during rye sourdough fermentation, 1% of added pentoses act differently compared to hexoses. Available pentose residues in flour used for sourdough preparation caused higher acidification of dough, higher acetic acid biosynthesis, and a favorable ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid content.ConclusionsIn order to provide appropriate amounts of arabinose and xylose residues in rye flour, AX could be used as a source of pentoses. However, in this case appropriate xylanase activity during sourdough fermentation must be provided.Significance and noveltyFor the first time, the changes in fermentation products were investigated under standardized conditions during the rye sourdough bread production process in sourdough, dough after final fermentation, and baked bread. This research revealed the influence of AX and xylanases on bread flavor during rye sourdough bread production.
Monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy complicated by discordant premature closure of ductus arteriosus
Authors: Corti Carla Giuseppina , Faiola Stefano , Lanna Mariano Matteo , Castoldi Francesca , Lista Gianluca , Nespoli Luisa Federica , Mannarino Savina , Rustico Mariangela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrenatal DA closure due to early maternal intake of high‐dose paracetamol and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. MC twin pregnancy uncomplicated by TTTS with discordant prenatal DA closure.
A Self‐Assembled Small‐Molecule‐Based Hole‐Transporting Material for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Más‐Montoya Miriam , Gómez Paula , Curiel David , da Silva Ivan , Wang Junke , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells have recently emerged as one of the most promising low‐cost photovoltaic technologies. The remarkable progress of perovskite photovoltaics is closely related to advances in interfacial engineering and development of charge selective interlayers. Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of a fused azapolyheteroaromatic small molecule, namely anthradi‐7‐azaindole (ADAI), with outstanding performance as a hole‐transporting layer in perovskite solar cells with inverted architecture. Its molecular arrangement, induced by hydrogen‐bond‐directed self‐assembly, favors a suitable morphology of the perovskite layer, reducing the effects of recombination as revealed by light intensity dependence, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence studies.
Photochemistry in the Low‐Temperature Processing of Metal Oxide Thin Films by Solution Methods
Authors: Bretos Iñigo , Jiménez Ricardo , Ricote Jesús , Calzada M. Lourdes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhotochemistry has emerged in the last few years as a powerful tool for the low‐temperature processing of metal oxide thin films prepared by solution methods. Today, its implementation into the fabrication procedure makes possible the integration of amorphous semiconductors or functional crystalline oxides into flexible electronic systems at temperatures below 350 °C. In this review, the effects of UV irradiation at the different stages of the chemical solution deposition of metal oxide thin films are presented. These stages include from the synthesis of the precursor solution to the formation of the amorphous metal‐oxygen network in the film and its subsequent crystallization into the oxide phase. Photochemical reactions that can be induced in both the solution deposited layer and the irradiation atmosphere are first described, highlighting the role of the potential reactive chemical species formed in the system under irradiation, such as free radicals or oxidizing compounds. Then, the photochemical effects of continuous UV light on the film are shown, focusing on the decomposition of the metal precursors, the condensation and densification of the metal‐oxygen network, and the nucleation and growth of the crystalline oxide. All these processes are demonstrated to advance the formation and crystallization of the metal oxide thin film to an earlier stage, which is ultimately translated into a lower temperature range of fabrication. The reduced energy consumption of the process upon decreasing the processing temperature, and the prospect of using light instead of heat in the synthesis of inorganic materials, make photochemistry as a promising technique for a sustainable future ever more needed in our life.
Hydrogen Bonding‐Induced H‐Aggregation for Fluorescence Turn‐On of the GFP Chromophore: Supramolecular Structural Rigidity
Authors: Tsai Meng‐Shiue , Tsai Sung‐Yu , Huang Yi‐Fan , Wang Chien‐Lung , Sun Shih‐Sheng , Yang Jye‐Shane 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo turn on the fluorescence of the native green fluorescence protein (GFP) chromophore, 4‐hydroxybenzylidene‐dimethylimidazolinone (HBDI), in an artificial supramolecular system has been a challenging task, because it requires high local environmental rigidity. This work shows that the formation of H‐aggregates of an HBDI‐containing organogelator results in two orders of magnitude fluorescence enhancement (Φf=2.9 vs. 0.02 %), in which the inter‐HBDI OH⋅⋅⋅OH H‐bonds play a crucial role. The aggregation‐induced fluorescence enhancement of HBDI has important implications on the origin of the high fluorescence quantum efficiency of HBDI in the GFP β‐barrel and on the supramolecular strategy for a full fluorescence recovery of HBDI. These results reveal a new approach to designing rigid chromophore aggregates for high‐performance optoelectronic properties.
Cp*RuCl‐Vinyl Carbenes: Two Faces and the Bifunctional Role in Catalytic Processes
Authors: Padín Damián , Varela Jesús A. , Saá Carlos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRuthenium vinyl carbenes derived from Cp/Cp*RuCl‐based complexes (Cp=cyclopentadiene, Cp*=1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopentadiene) have been routinely invoked as key intermediates in tandem reactions involving a carbene/alkyne metathesis (CAM). A priori, these intermediates resemble the Grubbs‐type family of catalysts, but they exhibit a completely different reactivity pattern that few, if any, other catalytic system can reproduce so far. The reactivity of these species with α‐unsubstituted and α‐substituted alkynals showcases the peculiarities of these intermediates. Although Z‐vinyl dihydrooxazines are preferentially obtained with the former, Z‐vinyl epoxypyrrolidines are obtained with the latter. A combination of spectroscopic and computational data now prove that a η3‐coordination mode of the ruthenium vinyl carbene and the presence of a Lewis basic chloride ligand give rise to two markedly different stereoelectronic faces, which are responsible for the unconventional reactivity of these species.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of ZnO–rGO Core–Shell Nanorod Hybrids with Photo‐ and Electro‐Catalytic Activity
Authors: Jana Arpita , Gregory Duncan H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe unique two‐dimensional structure and surface chemistry of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) along with its high electrical conductivity can be exploited to modify the electrochemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). ZnO–rGO nanohybrids can be engineered in a simple new two‐step synthesis, which is both fast and energy‐efficient. The resulting hybrid materials show excellent electrocatalytic and photocatalytic activity. The structure and composition of the as‐prepared bare ZnO nanorods (NRs) and the ZnO–rGO hybrids have been extensively characterised and the optical properties subsequently studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy (including decay lifetime measurements). The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye is enhanced using the ZnO–rGO hybrids as compared to bare ZnO NRs. Furthermore, potentiometry comparing ZnO and ZnO–rGO electrodes reveals a featureless capacitive background for an Ar‐saturated solution whereas for an O2‐saturated solution a well‐defined redox peak was observed using both electrodes. The change in reduction potential and significant increase in current density demonstrates that the hybrid core–shell NRs possess remarkable electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as compared to NRs of ZnO alone.
Corruption and private participation infrastructure projects: The influence of vicarious experience and national animosity
Authors: Jiménez Alfredo , Bayraktar Secil , Puche‐Regaliza Julio César , Herrero Alvaro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of vicarious experience and national animosity on the relationship between corruption and the performance of private participation infrastructure projects. Our analysis of 27,264 projects in 114 countries from 1997 to 2013 shows that higher levels of corruption are associated with higher risk of project failure. We also find that this effect is weakened by the presence of other firms from the same industry, as firms may learn from other companies how to deal with corruption. In contrast, we find the effect is strengthened by the presence of other firms from different industries. This result is due to a lower applicability of knowledge and to an increase in national animosity and discrimination from local stakeholders.
Biomimetic Asymmetric Reduction of Quinazolinones with Chiral and Regenerable NAD(P)H Models
Authors: Zhao Zi‐Biao , Li Xiang , Wu Bo , Zhou Yong‐Gui 
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA facile approach to chiral dihydroquinazolinone derivatives has been described via biomimetic asymmetric reduction of quinazolinones with chiral and regenerable NAD(P)H models. The utility of this method was demonstrated by a concise synthesis of the bromodomain protein divalent inhibitor.
Rationalizing the Geometries of the Water Oxidising Complex in the Atomic Resolution, Nominal S3 State Crystal Structures of Photosystem II
Authors: Petrie Simon , Terrett Richard , Stranger Robert , Pace Ron J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThree atomic resolution crystal structures of Photosystem II, in the double flashed, nominal S3 intermediate state of its Mn4Ca Water Oxidising Complex (WOC), have now been presented, at 2.25, 2.35 and 2.08 Å resolution. Although very similar overall, the S3 structures differ within the WOC catalytic site. The 2.25 Å structure contains only one oxy species (O5) in the WOC cavity, weakly associated with Mn centres, similar to that in the earlier 1.95 Å S1 structure. The 2.35 Å structure shows two such species (O5, O6), with the Mn centres and O5 positioned as in the 2.25 Å structure and O5−O6 separation of ∼1.5 Å. In the latest S3 variant, two oxy species are also seen (O5, Ox), with the Ox group appearing only in S3, closely ligating one Mn, with O5−Ox separation <2.1 Å. The O5 and O6/Ox groups were proposed to be substrate water derived species. Recently, Petrie et al. (Chem. Phys. Chem., 2017) presented large scale Quantum Chemical modelling of the 2.25 Å structure, quantitatively explaining all significant features within the WOC region. This, as in our earlier studies, assumed a ‘low’ Mn oxidation paradigm (mean S1 Mn oxidation level of +3.0, Petrie et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2015), rather than a ‘high’ oxidation model (mean S1 oxidation level of +3.5). In 2018 we showed (Chem. Phys. Chem., 2018) this oxidation state assumption predicted two energetically close S3 structural forms, one with the metal centres and O5 (as OH−) positioned as in the 2.25 Å structure, and the other with the metals similarly placed, but with O5 (as H2O) located in the O6 position of the 2.35 Å structure. The 2.35 Å two flashed structure was likely a crystal superposition of two such forms. Here we show, by similar computational analysis, that the latest 2.08 Å S3 structure is also a likely superposition of forms, but with O5 (as OH−) occupying either the O5 or Ox positions in the WOC cavity. This highlights a remarkable structural ‘lability’ of the WOC centre in the S3 state, which is likely catalytically relevant to its water splitting function.
Glucocorticoids delivered by inorganic–organic hybrid nanoparticles mitigate acute graft‐versus‐host disease and sustain graft‐versus‐leukemia activity
Authors: Kaiser Tina K. , Li Hu , Roßmann Laura , Reichardt Sybille D. , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Feldmann Claus , Reichardt Holger M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used to treat acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGvHD) due to their immunosuppressive activity, but they also reduce the beneficial graft‐versus‐leukemia (GvL) effect of the allogeneic T cells contained in the graft. Here, we tested whether aGvHD therapy could be improved by delivering GCs with the help of inorganic–organic hybrid nanoparticles (IOH‐NPs) that preferentially target myeloid cells. IOH‐NPs containing the GC betamethasone (BMP‐NPs) efficiently reduced morbidity, mortality, and tissue damage in a totally MHC mismatched mouse model of aGvHD. Therapeutic activity was lost in mice lacking the GC receptor (GR) in myeloid cells, confirming the cell type specificity of our approach. BMP‐NPs had no relevant systemic activity but suppressed cytokine and chemokine gene expression locally in the small intestine, which presumably explains their mode of action. Most importantly, BMP‐NPs delayed the development of an adoptively transferred B cell lymphoma better than the free drug, although the overall incidence was unaffected. Our findings thus suggest that employing IOH‐NPs could diminish the risk of relapse associated with GC therapy of aGvHD patients while still allowing to efficiently ameliorate the disease.
Body‐related attentional bias as mediator of the relationship between body mass index and body dissatisfaction
Authors: Porras‐Garcia Bruno , Ferrer‐Garcia Marta , Yilmaz Lena , Sen Yigit O. , Olszewska Agata , Ghita Alexandra , Serrano‐Troncoso Eduardo , Treasure Janet , Gutiérrez‐Maldonado José 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBody image disturbance, consisting of an affective (body dissatisfaction) and perceptual (body distortion) component, is not only found in eating disorders, but is also present in healthy individuals, affecting their psychological well‐being and everyday life. A higher body mass index is associated with higher body dissatisfaction, whereas results in relation to body distortion are mixed. Furthermore, body dissatisfaction is associated with a weight‐related attentional bias. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of a weight‐related attentional bias in the relationship between body mass index and body image disturbance. Forty‐one college women took part in a virtual reality and eye tracking procedure, in which the illusion of owning a virtual avatar with their body measurements was induced. During this procedure, body‐related attentional bias was measured and afterwards body image disturbance was assessed. Mediation analysis revealed that weight‐related attentional bias mediated the relationship between body mass index and body dissatisfaction (but not distortion). These findings suggest that modifying weight‐related attentional bias would be a useful treatment target for improving body dissatisfaction. In addition, virtual reality technology could serve as an innovative method for modifying attentional bias in an ecologically valid way.Highlights
This Virtual Reality and Eye‐Tracking study expands our knowledge about the relation between body mass index, body‐related attention and body image disturbances.
The results suggest that attentional bias towards weight‐related body parts mediates the relation between BMI and body dissatisfaction.
On the contrary, the relation between BMI and body distortion was not significant.
Lithic artifact assemblage transport and microwear modification in a fluvial setting: A radio frequency identification tag experiment
Authors: Chu Wei , Hosfield Robert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRiver processes are widely assumed to have impacted the integrity of lithic assemblages when artifacts are found in fluvial sediments, but the specifics of these influences remain largely unknown. We conducted a real‐world experiment to determine how the initial stages of fluvial entrainment affected lithic artifact assemblages. We inserted replica artifacts with radio frequency identification tags into a gravel‐bedded river in Wales (UK) for seven months and related their transport distances to their morphology and the recorded streamflow. In addition, nine artifacts were recovered at the end of the experiment and analyzed for microwear traces. In sum, our results show that in a gravel‐bedded river with a mean discharge of 5.1 m3/s, artifact length and width were the main variables influencing artifact transport distances. The experiment also resulted in characteristic microwear traces developing on the artifacts over distances of 485 m or less. These results emphasize the multifaceted nature of alluvial site formation processes in a repeatable experiment and highlight new ways to identify the transport of replica Paleolithic material.
Water transport and tracer mixing in volcanic ash soils at a tropical hillslope: A wet layered sloping sponge
Authors: Mosquera Giovanny M. , Crespo Patricio , Breuer Lutz , Feyen Jan , Windhorst David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAndosol soils formed in volcanic ash provide key hydrological services in montane environments. To unravel the subsurface water transport and tracer mixing in these soils we conducted a detailed characterization of soil properties and analyzed a 3‐year data set of sub‐hourly hydrometric and weekly stable isotope data collected at three locations along a steep hillslope. A weakly developed (52–61 cm depth), highly organic andic (Ah) horizon overlaying a mineral (C) horizon was identified, both showing relatively similar properties and subsurface flow dynamics along the hillslope. Soil moisture observations in the Ah horizon showed a fast responding (few hours) “rooted” layer to a depth of 15 cm, overlying a “perched” layer that remained near saturated year‐round. The formation of the latter results from the high organic matter (33–42%) and clay (29–31%) content of the Ah horizon and an abrupt hydraulic conductivity reduction in this layer with respect to the rooted layer above. Isotopic signatures revealed that water resides within this soil horizon for short periods, both at the rooted (2 weeks) and perched (4 weeks) layer. A fast soil moisture reaction during rainfall events was also observed in the C horizon, with response times similar to those in the rooted layer. These results indicate that despite the perched layer, which helps sustain the water storage of the soil, a fast vertical mobilization of water through the entire soil profile occurs during rainfall events. The latter being the result of the fast transmissivity of hydraulic potentials through the porous matrix of the Andosols, as evidenced by the exponential shape of the water retention curves of the subsequent horizons. These findings demonstrate that the hydrological behavior of volcanic ash soils resembles that of a “layered sponge,” in which vertical flow paths dominate.
Recent Advances in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Functionalization of gem‐Difluoroalkenes
Authors: Koley Suvajit , Altman Ryan A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstractgem‐Difluorinated alkenes are readily accessible building blocks that can undergo functionalization to provide a broad spectrum of fluorinated and non‐fluorinated products. Herein, we review recent (since 2017) transition metal‐catalyzed transformations of these specialized alkenes and summarize general reactivity patterns of these reactions. Many transition metal‐catalyzed reactions undergo net C−F bond functionalization reactions to deliver monofluorinated products. These reactions typically proceed through β‐fluoroalkylmetal intermediates that readily eliminate a β‐fluoride to deliver monofluoroalkene products. A second series of reactions exploit coinage metal fluorides to add F− to the gem‐difluorinated alkene, and further functionalization delivers trifluoromethyl‐containing products. In stark contrast, few transition metal‐catalyzed reactions proceed in net “fluorine‐retentive processes” to deliver difluoromethylene‐based products.
Integration designs toward new‐generation wearable energy supply‐sensor systems for real‐time health monitoring: A minireview
Authors: Tang Yongchao , Li Xuejin , Lv Haiming , Wang Wenlong , Zhi Chunyi , Li Hongfei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWearable sensing systems, as a spearhead of artificial intelligence, are playing increasingly important roles in many fields especially health monitoring. In order to achieve a better wearable experience, rationally integrating the two key components of sensing systems, that is, power supplies and sensors, has become a desperate requirement. However, limited by device designs and fabrication technologies, the current integrated sensing systems still face many great challenges, such as safety, miniaturization, mechanical stability, energy‐efficiency, sustainability, and comfortability. In this review, the key challenges and opportunities in the current development of integrated wearable sensing systems are summarized. By summarizing the typical configurations of diverse wearable power supplies, and recent advances concerning the integrated sensing systems driven by such power supplies, the representative integrated designs, and micro/nanofabrication technologies are highlighted. Lastly, some new directions and potential solutions aiming at the device‐level integration designs are outlooked.image
Varied Sonographic Patterns in Echinococcus Liver Disease
Authors: Diakoumakis Evangelos E. , Weinberg Brighita , Vieux Ulrick , Seife Burton 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEchinococcus granulosus has been an uncommon disease in the United States. Cases may appear unexpectedly because of increased immigration from endemic areas. Over the past 3 years, 10 cases of hydatid liver disease were diagnosed by sonography in our institution. Sonography is a simple noninvasive method of early diagnosis even when clinical signs are nonspecific. The sonographic patterns of this condition are described.
Structural optimization and finite element analysis of poly‐l‐lactide acid coronary stent with improved radial strength and acute recoil rate
Authors: Song Kai , Bi Yuying , Zhao Haibin , Wu Tim , Xu Feng , Zhao Guoqun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCurrent poly‐l‐lactide acid (PLLA) scaffolds have issues of inadequate mechanical strength leading to thrombosis formation. Designing a novel bioabsorbable PLLA stent with a novel structure and improved mechanical property is urgently needed. In this study, stent structure modification and optimization based on bioresorbable vascular scaffold Version 1.1 (BVS 1.1, Abbott Laboratories) were conducted. The mechanical property of the redesigned stent was studied using both computerized finite element analysis and experimental mechanical deformation testing, including radial strength (RS), acute recoil (AR), foreshortening (FS), and bending stiffness (BS). The simulated and experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of the modified structure were significantly improved (modified stent vs. BVS 1.1: RS: 2.25 vs. 1.29 N/mm; AR: 3.03 vs. 4.41%; FS: 1.13 vs. 6.89%; BS: 1.49 vs. 0.72 N mm2).