bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicotine exposure potentiates lung tumorigenesis by perturbing cellular surveillance
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Ganapathy Suthakar , Avraham Hava , Nishioka Takashi , Chen Changyan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Nicotine is a major tobacco component and found at circulating concentrations in smokers’ bloodstreams. Although considered a non-carcinogenic substance, nicotine rapidly defuses to tissues after being inhaled, inviting effects on cellular physiology, particularly in the lung. Widespread increased use of nicotine-based e-cigarettes, especially in younger adults, creates an urgent need for improved understanding of nicotine’s potential to impact human health.

Methods
Biological and biochemistry methods were used to interrogate the potential for nicotine to weaken the genetic integrity of murine and human-lung epithelial cells.

Results
We demonstrate that nicotine potentiates the growth of the lung epithelial cells in a dose–response fashion. Nicotine elicits an acute increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which persists at moderately high levels throughout the duration of nicotine exposure. The aberrant increases in ROS appear to induce ER stress and UPR activation, as reflected by BIP upregulation and PERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, prolonged nicotine exposure interferes with p53 function triggered by sodium arsenite. Unless p53 is suppressed, persistent nicotine exposure does not induce colony formation by lung epithelial cells in soft agar.

Conclusion
The data suggest that nicotine treatment, by perturbing intracellular redox state and altering p53 function, can create a pro-tumorigenic environment in lung epithelium. The results suggest caution in using nicotine replacement therapies and e-cigarettes.
Predictive factors of 5-year relapse-free survival in HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy: pooled analysis of two phase 2 trials
Authors: Lerebours Florence , Pulido Marina , Fourme Emmanuelle , Debled Marc , Becette Véronique , Bonnefoi Hervé , Rivera Sofia , MacGrogan Gaetan , Mouret-Reynier Marie-Ange , de Lara Christine Tunon , Pierga Jean-Yves , Breton-Callu Christel , Venat-Bouvet Laurence , Mathoulin-Pélissier Simone , de la Motte rouge Thibault , Dalenc Florence , Sigal Brigitte , Bachelot Thomas , Lemonnier Jérôme , Quenel-Tueux Nathalie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Few data are available on survival and predictive factors in early breast cancer (BC) patients treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET).

Methods
This is a pooled analysis of two multicentre, randomised non-comparative phase 2 clinical trials evaluating neoadjuvant anastrozole and fulvestrant efficacy for postmenopausal HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients: HORGEN (NCT00871858) and CARMINA02 (NCT00629616) studies.

Results
In total, 236 patients were included in CARMINA02 and HORGEN trials. Modified intention-to-treat analysis was available for 217 patients. Median follow-up was 65.2 months. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years were 83.7% (95% CI: 77.9–88) and 92.7% (95% CI: 88.2–95.6), respectively, with no difference between treatment arms. On univariate analysis, tumour staging (T2 vs T3–4; p = 0.0001), Ki-67 at surgery (≤10% vs >10%; p = 0.0093), pathological tumour size (pT1–2 vs pT3–4; p = 0.0012) and node status (pN negative vs positive; p = 0.007), adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.0167) and PEPI score (PEPI group I + II vs III; p = 0.0004) were associated with RFS. No events were observed in patients with pathological response according to the Sataloff classification. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative endocrine prognostic index (PEPI) group III was associated with significantly worse RFS (p = 0.0069, hazard ratio = 3.33 (95% CI: 1.39–7.98)).

Conclusions
Postmenopausal HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients receiving NET generally have a favourable outcome. The PEPI score identifies a subset of patients of poorer prognosis who are candidates for further additional treatment.
DNA methylation markers predict recurrence-free interval in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Fackler Mary Jo , Cho Soonweng , Cope Leslie , Gabrielson Edward , Visvanathan Kala , Wilsbach Kathleen , Meir-Levi Danielle , Lynch Charles F. , Marks Jeffrey , Geradts Joseph , Regan Meredith M. , Viale Giuseppe , Wolff Antonio C. , Sukumar Saraswati , Umbricht Christopher B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe lack tools to risk-stratify triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Our goal was to develop molecular tools to predict disease recurrence. Methylation array analysis was performed on 110 samples treated by locoregional therapy obtained from institutional cohorts. Discovered marker sets were then tested by Kaplan−Meier analyses in a prospectively collected TNBC cohort of 49 samples from the no-chemotherapy arms of IBCSG trials VIII and IX, and by logistic regression in a chemotherapy-treated cohort of 121 TNBCs from combined IBCSG trials and institutional repositories. High methylation was associated with shorter recurrence-free interval in the no-chemotherapy arm of the IBCSG studies, as well as in the chemotherapy-treated patients within the combined institutional and IBCSG chemotherapy cohorts (100 marker panel, p = 0.002; 30 marker panel, p = 0.05). Chromosome 19 sites were enriched among these loci. In conclusion, our hypermethylation signatures identify increased recurrence risk independent of whether patients receive chemotherapy.
Risk factors influencing contamination of customized cosmetics made on-the-spot: Evidence from the national pilot project for public health
Authors: Kim Hye Won , Seok Yae Sle , Cho Tae Jin , Rhee Min Suk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCustomized cosmetics made by consumers or sellers on-the-spot have several safety issues, and therefore require a preventative approach to their safety management. The present study aimed to identify potential factors affecting the safety of customized cosmetics made on-the-spot. Heavy metals and microbial contaminants in customized cosmetics were analyzed in 120 samples. It was revealed that the transfer of cosmetics to new containers during the production process is a significant risk factor for cross-contamination and that heat treatment is crucial for reducing the number of microorganisms in the products. For instance, cosmetics made with heat and with no transfer showed relatively low microbial counts ranging from not detected to 440 CFU/ml. The high pH (>pH 10) of samples did not guarantee the microbial safety of the freshly made cosmetics (with a rinse-off product having 2,830 CFU/ml and a pH of 11.2). There was no significant difference in microbial counts among cosmetic types (P > 0.05); however, semisolid types, especially creams and rinse-off products, were susceptible to contamination (maximum 2,710 and 2,830 CFU/ml, respectively). Most microorganisms in the customized cosmetics (40.8%) decreased to non-detectable levels during 60 days of storage. None of the samples harbored heavy metals. Sequencing analysis of isolates revealed some bacteria and mold that could cause human infections. The results of this study suggest that the regulation of customized cosmetics should consider the risk factors revealed in this study, as the products made on-the-spot are also final products sent directly to consumers.
Comparison of Cartilage Mechanical Properties Measured During Creep and Recovery
Authors: Cutcliffe Hattie C. , DeFrate Louis E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) currently depends on the presence of pain and radiographic imaging findings, which generally do not present until later stages of the disease when the condition is difficult to treat. Therefore, earlier detection of OA pathology is needed for improved disease management.Ex vivocartilage studies indicate that changes in the mechanical function of cartilage occur as degeneration progresses during OA. Thus, measurement of thein vivocartilage mechanical response may serve as an earlier indicator of OA pathology. Though mechanical characterization is classically performed during loading, the unloading (recovery) response of cartilage may also enable determination of mechanical response. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to validate the use of the recovery response for mechanical characterization of cartilage in a controlled,ex vivoenvironment. To do so, confined compression creep and recovery tests were conducted on cartilage explants (N = 10), and the resulting mechanical properties from both the creep and recovery phases were compared. No statistically significant differences were found in the mechanical properties between the two phases, reinforcing the hypothesis that unloading (recovery) may be a good surrogate for loading.
Green leaves and seeds alcoholic extract controls Sporobulus indicus germination in laboratory conditions
Authors: Macêdo Jean Flaviel de Sousa , Ribeiro Lylian Souto , Bruno Riselane de Lucena Alcântara , Alves Edna Ursulino , de Andrade Alberício Pereira , Lopes Kilson Pinheiro , da Costa Franciscleudo Bezerra , Zanuncio José Cola , Ribeiro Wellington Souto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh seed production makesSporobolus indicusvar.pyramidalisa difficult to control invasive grassland plant. The objective of the present study was to investigate the bioactivity ofCyperus rotundus,Phyllanthus tenellusandRicinus communisgreen leaf extracts and ofCarica papayaseeds onS. indicusgermination without breaking dormancy, simulating the field conditions. The ethanolic extract bioactivity ofC. rotundus,P. tenellus,R. communisgreen leaves andC. papayaseeds, at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75% inS. indicusgermination was evaluated. Carotenoids, flavonoids, soluble phenolic compounds and total tannins were quantified in the extracts. The chemical component concentrations varied between alcoholic extracts. TheP. tenellusextracts at all dilutions and those ofR. communis andC. papayaat 75% completely suppressedS. indicusseed germination at five and ten days which can be attributed to their high tannin concentration, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids.
Extracting Forest Parameters based on Stand Automatic Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Zhao Pengxiang , Gao Linghan , Gao Ting 
Published: January 2020

AbstractForest stand segmentation is a critical process for forest management and inventory. The forest stand segmentation accuracy will determine the forest stand level parameters quality. In this study, we developed an automatic forest stand segmentation algorithm based on ArboLiDAR, a software used to process Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data. We then optimized the parameters for the algorithm to the Dayekou forest area on Qilian Mountain in China to find the most suitable parameters for automatic stand segmentation. Further, we extracting the forest parameters at the stand level based on Bysh method. Our results showed that the limited region growing method based on the gradient is the most suitable one for analyzing automatic stand segmentation in the studied area. Among our tested parameters groups, the fifth group contains the optimal parameters for the studied area. In addition, for forest parameters, the R2of mean height (H), average diameter at breast height (D), basal area (G), and Stand volume (V) is 0.744, 0.720, 0.562, 0.696, respectively. The RMSE value is 5.24%, 28.57%, 19.93%, and 17.66%, respectively. Our study serves as a technical basis and reference for future studies that perform more efficient analyses on forest resource inventory in China.
Practical application of short-term intensive insulin therapy based on the concept of “treat to target” to reduce hypoglycaemia in routine clinical site
Authors: Nakashima Koji , Okamura Nobuhiro , Sanefuji Hayato , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim is to devise a new short-term intensive insulin therapy (N-SIIT) based on the concept of “treat to target” to avoid hypoglycaemia and was applied it to various diabetic state. We determined dosage of 1 basal and 3 bolus “treat” insulin based on “target” blood glucose level and changed each insulin dose by small units (2 units) every day for 2 weeks. We evaluated the effects of N-SIIT in 74 subjects with type 2 diabetes (male 45, female 29, 64.9 ± 16.6 years old, HbA1c 10.4 ± 2.6%). Glargine U300 (“treat”) and morning blood glucose level (“target”) was significantly correlated with increasing insulin dose and decreasing blood glucose level in day 1–7, indicating that insulin amount was determined by target blood glucose level and lowered next target blood glucose level. Remission rates were 67.3% (Hypoglycaemia rate 5.6 %) in N-SIIT and 47.3% (Hypoglycaemia rate 38.1%) in conventional SIIT. Required amount of insulin would be automatically determined, depending on each patient pathophysiology and life style. This method is pretty simple, flexible and cheap, and provides information about the dynamic pathophysiological alteration of insulin resistance and glucotoxicity from the profile of blood glucose levels and insulin shot.
Treating Deficits in Auditory Processing Abilities
Authors: Barker Matthew D. , Hicks Candace Bourland 
Published: January 2020

Background
The relationship between auditory processing (AP) test results and reading has shown significant correlations in the literature; however, whether the relationship is more coincidental or more causal is uncertain. Improving AP deficits is also not well understood, especially regarding its impacts on real-world benefits such as with reading and language.

Purpose
This study investigates the efficacy of two deficit-specific AP therapy programs and compares them to a control therapy program on behavioral AP measures. It also investigates relationships between the improved AP skills and related real-world skills, particularly reading ability.

Method
From three school regions, 335 children were tested using the Feather Squadron Diagnostic Assessment AP test and, if qualified, given a deficit-specific AP therapy (either Insane Earplane or Zoo Caper Skyscraper) or placed in a control therapy group. After therapy, AP abilities were measured again and compared across groups. For one region, pre- and posttherapy reading abilities were also compared across groups.

Results

Both experimental therapies were significantly efficacious for the AP areas in which they claimed to target, whereas the control therapy group was not. One experimental therapy revealed significant improvement (
p <
.01) and the other approached significant improvement (
p
< .02) of the reading ability of the participants, whereas the control group did not.

Conclusions
The current study found significant improvements for both AP skills and real-world skills compared to the control group. This information provides evidence that bottom-up, deficit-specific therapy approaches are beneficial for the targeted areas and can have associated benefits as well. One of the schools in the study was a special school for children with known speech and language disorders. Of the children tested at this special speech and language school, 83% of them qualified for an AP deficit-specific therapy, indicating a very strong relationship between AP and speech/language difficulties.
A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE
Authors: Husser Tim-Oliver , Latour Marilyn , Brinchmann Jarle , Dreizler Stefan , Giesers Benjamin , Göttgens Fabian , Kamann Sebastian , Roth Martin M. , Weilbacher Peter M. , Wendt Martin 
Published: January 2020

Aims. We use the spectra of more than 30 000 red giant branch (RGB) stars in 25 globular clusters (GC), obtained within the MUSE survey of Galactic globular clusters, to calibrate the Ca II triplet metallicity relation and derive metallicities for all individual stars. We investigate the overall metallicity distributions as well as those of the different populations within each cluster.
Methods. The Ca II triplet in the near-infrared at 8498, 8542, and 8662 Å is visible in stars with spectral types between F and M and can be used to determine their metallicities. In this work, we calibrate the relation using average cluster metallicities from literature and MUSE spectra, and extend it below the horizontal branch – a cutoff that has traditionally been made to avoid a non-linear relation – using a quadratic function. In addition to the classic relation based on V − VHB, we also present calibrations based on absolute magnitude and luminosity. The obtained relations were used to calculate metallicities for all the stars in the sample and to derive metallicity distributions for different populations within a cluster, which have been separated using so-called “chromosome maps” based on HST photometry.
Results. We show that despite the relatively low spectral resolution of MUSE (R = 1900 − 3700) we can derive single star metallicities with a mean statistical intra-cluster uncertainty of ∼0.12 dex. We present metallicity distributions for the RGB stars in 25 GCs and investigate the different metallicities of the populations P3 (and higher) in so-called metal-complex or Type II clusters, finding metallicity variations in all of them. We also detected unexpected metallicity variations in the Type I cluster NGC 2808 and confirm the Type II status of NGC 7078.
Insights into a new paradigm in translation
Authors: Aksoy Nüzhet Berrin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the reflection and recreation of the physical landscape in
literary texts and in their translations; to explore in what ways nature is represented and, secondly, to discuss aspects of this
process in the light of the translational norms proposed by Toury. The focus is the idea that language and culture, the core of
literature, are to be transferred to other linguistic and cultural mediums during translation, and constitute the ecological
environment of the text. This undertaking assigns to the translator the task of selecting, adapting and recreating this material
in the foreign environment. An ecocritical approach will be adopted to explore how and how far this task is materialized by
studying a Turkish author Yaşar Kemal’s novel Ortadirek translated as The Wind from the Plain.
Yaşar Kemal is regarded as the most ecologically-minded author of Turkish literature and his novels portray nature as the mental
landscapes of man, a force under which the constituents of the text are recreated at every linguistic and culture-bound effort of
the author. Hence, the main endeavour of this study will be to bring to the surface, with an eco-critical approach, the
translational preferences of the translator of Ortadirek and their significance in the recreation of Kemal’s
ecological vision in the translation.
The New Spanishes in the context of contact linguistics
Authors: Winford Donald 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Weinreich
(1953) argued that a comprehensive model of language
contact must integrate linguistic, sociolinguistic and
psycholinguistic approaches. This paper discusses how such a model
can be applied to the contact languages that arose in the Spanish
colonies as a result of contact between Spanish and various other
languages. These contact languages include close approximations to
Peninsular Spanish, Afro-Hispanic varieties, “indigenized” varieties
and of course creoles. I argue that all these contact varieties
should be amenable to description and analysis within the same
framework. To this end, I discuss the ways in which Weinreich’s
model of an integrated approach can be linked to a naturalistic
second language acquisition (NSLA) account of the formation of the
contact varieties of Spanish.
Chocó Spanish
Authors: Sessarego Sandro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents sociohistorical and
linguistic data to cast light on the origin and nature of Chocó
Spanish (CS), an Afro-Hispanic dialect spoken in the Pacific
lowlands of Colombia. This research suggests that neither the
Decreolization Hypothesis (Granda, 1977; Schwegler, 1991a, 1991b) nor the Afrogenesis Hypothesis (McWhorter, 2000) can
account for the phenomena encountered in contemporary CS.
Conversely, the present study indicates that the grammatical
elements found in this dialect may be better analyzed as the result
of advanced second language acquisition strategies, which were
conventionalized at the community level in a sociohistorical context
in which black captives had relatively good access to the colonial
language.
Social change and /s/ variation in Concepción, Chile and Lima,
Peru
Authors: Rogers Brandon M.A. , Klee Carol A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study compares /s/ variation in the Spanish
of Concepción, Chile, and Lima, Peru in the context of sociolectal
and dialect contact. Results for the Chilean data stand in stark
contrast to previous studies in Chile, revealing an overwhelming
tendency for elision in all social groups and providing support for
the hypothesis that in Chile sociolectal leveling is occurring. In
contrast, in Lima, where Andean migrants encounter overt
discrimination and where virtually exclusive use of [s] indexes
Andean speech, there is an increase in /s/ weakening across the
second and third generations of migrants, whose production
approximates coastal norms. Thus, in contrast to Chile, /s/
reduction in Lima continues to serve as a marker of dialectally and
sociolectally salient differences.
First person singular subject expression in Caribbean heritage
speaker Spanish oral production
Authors: de Prada Pérez Ana 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Research on contact effects on subject pronoun
expression in the U.S. has largely focused on Spanish in the U.S.
Southwest and New York City (NYC). The conflicting results reported
in this literature could be due to the differences in the
distribution of varieties in these U.S. regions. To test this
hypothesis, this paper offers a variationist analysis of first
person singular (1sg) data from eleven Caribbean heritage
speakers (HS) divided into two proficiency groups and who were
raised in Florida, where the distribution of varieties is similar to
that in NYC. Results are consistent with a lack of contact effects
in the higher proficiency group, while contact effects are attested
in the lower proficiency group.
Use of the Present Perfect Indicative in New York Dominican
Spanish
Authors: Corbett Cecily , Reyes Juanita , Sayahi Lotfi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Several studies have examined the functional
distribution of the Present Perfect (PP) in Peninsular and Latin
American Spanish. This study contributes to this line of research
through examination of the morphology and function of PP in New York
Dominican Spanish. The objective is to examine the degrees of
diffusion and frequency of use of this tense in the speech of
bilingual speakers. We also examine the functions of all PP
occurrences in interviews with 23 speakers and explore any
innovative uses. Results show that the majority of participants use
PP especially for events that occurred in the indefinite past or
continue to have current relevance, which is the normative context
in which PP is used (Comrie,
1976).
Portuguese-Spanish contacts in Misiones, Argentina
Authors: Lipski John M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The present study reports on spontaneous
Portuguese-Spanish mixing as produced by L2 and balanced bilinguals
in various communities along the Brazilian border, as well as three
interactive tasks conducted with fluent bilinguals in Misiones
province, Argentina. Taken together the results reveal a residue of
permeable but grammatically-grounded constraints even between
morphosyntactically and lexically cognate sibling languages and
among individuals who do not routinely code-switch. These
constraints are more robustly maintained among fluent bilinguals but
are sometimes contravened by L2 speakers. The data also demonstrate
that code-switching does not emerge automatically in bilingual
settings involving highly congruent languages.