bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small fixed‐loop transient electromagnetic in tunnel forward geological prediction
Authors: Su Maoxin , Xia Teng , Xue Yiguo , Mao Deqiang , Qiu Daohong , Zhu Jianye , Zhao Ying , Wang Peng 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTTunnel forward geological prediction is indispensable to tunnel construction. The transient electromagnetic method is widely used in the field of tunnel forward geological prediction. A small fixed‐loop transient electromagnetic method adapted to the limited space of a tunnel face is proposed for tunnel forward geological prediction for the first time. This method makes use of a large number of non‐central points inside the loop. The obtained numerical simulation and field data show opposite trends owing to mutual inductance and self‐inductance. A correction method for the field value of non‐central points is proposed. The influences of different parameters are verified and the correction function is established by a test method. The validity of the correction function is verified through controlled field tests. The small fixed‐loop transient electromagnetic has been successfully applied to a tunnel under the Weiwu expressway. This method can effectively improve the detection depth and better detect unfavourable geological bodies, such as karsts in front of the tunnel face.
Do reading comprehension assessment tests result in the same reading profile? A study of Spanish primary school children
Authors: Calet Nuria , López‐Reyes Rocío , Jiménez‐Fernández Gracia 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundDetecting reading comprehension difficulties is challenging because many factors are involved in comprehension ability. Various reading comprehension tests can be used to detect difficulties but often do not yield the same results.MethodOur aim was to analyse the agreement between three commonly used standardised reading comprehension tests (ECOMPLEC, ACL and PROLEC‐R) in the detection of reading comprehension difficulties in Spanish. A total of 139 children (72 fifth graders and 67 sixth graders) at the same public‐sector school participated in this study. The three reading comprehension tests were administered, together with word and nonword reading, vocabulary and nonverbal intelligence measures.ResultsModest intercorrelations among the tests were found. The consistency of classification for each reading profile across the three reading comprehension tests was low. The results show different reading comprehension profiles depending on the test used.ConclusionsIt is important to use more than one instrument to diagnose reading comprehension difficulties, due to the complexity involved. Furthermore, knowledge of the characteristics of each reading comprehension test is essential to the choice of test. The educational implications of children being wrongly diagnosed are discussed.
Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 predicts lower limb ischemia in hemodialysis subjects
Authors: De Mauri Andreana , Vidali Matteo , Chiarinotti Doriana , Dianzani Umberto , Rolla Roberta 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHemodialyzed patients (HD) have high prevalence of peripheral arterial disease. In the general population, lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) is associated with peripheral arterial disease but no data are available for renal subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Lp‐PLA2 and lower limb ischemia among dialyzed patients. One hundred and two dialyzed subjects, with median (IQR) age of 71 (59‐78) years, enrolled in June 2013 and followed until June 2018, were investigated for Lp‐PLA2 activity and the occurrence of peripheral arterial disease and lower limb ischemia. The median (IQR) levels of Lp‐PLA2 were 184 nmol/min/mL (156.5‐214.5). The 43 HD patients with abnormal Lp‐PLA2 activity (>194 nmol/min/mL) had higher levels of total and LDL‐cholesterol, ApoB/A1 ratio, and higher occurrence of lower limb ischemia during the follow up (44% vs 17%, P = .003). In multivariate analysis, Lp‐PLA2 activity (P = .018) and diabetes (P < .001) were independently associated with time to lower limb ischemia, and when the presence of previous PAD was added to the multivariate model, only presence of previous PAD (P < .001) and Lp‐PLA2 (P = .003) remained associated. Lp‐PLA2 is an independent predictor of lower limb ischemia in dialyzed patients.
How Efficient is the French Less‐Favoured Area Programme?
Authors: Vollet Dominique , Kirsch Alessandra 
Published: December 2019

SummaryEvaluation of the French Less Favoured Area (LFA) agricultural programme over the period 2007–2013 calls into question the cost‐efficiency of this multi‐objective programme. This article confirms the multiplicity of objectives assigned to this programme, namely to maintain a sustainable agriculture in mountainous areas through income support for farmers in these disadvantaged areas; and thus more indirectly, to enhance the attractiveness of these agricultural areas. The environmental assessment of farms in the FADN network showed that the French LFA programme did help to support the most environmentally friendly dairy and cattle farms in mountainous areas via support for the income levels of these livestock farms. However, the analysis also shows that the LFA criteria are not sufficiently specific to have the required impacts on grassland management practices that would lead to specific defined environmentally friendly practices and improvements. Overall, and in spite of its longstanding and multi‐objective nature, the French LFA programme has been effective both from an economic perspective in that it inspires confidence among economic agents; and also to some extent from a general environmental perspective by providing support for farms which hold most of the permanent grassland, and associated amenities.
Identification and characterization of the peptides with calcium‐binding capacity from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin gelatin enzymatic hydrolysates
Authors: Bingtong Liu , Yongliang Zhuang , Liping Sun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to isolate and identify the peptides with calcium‐binding capacity from the different tilapia skin gelatin enzymatic hydrolysates. The complex protease was selected and its hydrolysates were further separated using gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G‐25) and reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Two purified peptides with strong calcium‐binding capacity were identified as Tyr‐Gly‐Thr‐Gly‐Leu (YGTGL, 509.25 Da) and Leu‐Val‐Phe‐Leu (LVFL, 490.32 Da). The calcium‐binding capacities of YGTGL and LVFL reached 76.03 and 79.50 µg/mg, respectively. The structures of the complex of purified peptides and calcium (YGTGL‐Ca and LVFL‐Ca) were characterized by ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐VIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The results of UV‐VIS, SEM, and XRD indicated that YGTGL‐Ca and LVFL‐Ca were formed as new compounds. The results of FTIR and LC‐MS/MS indicated the nitrogen atom of the amino group and the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group in terminates of the peptides provided primary binding sites. Moreover, the hydrophobic amino acids in purified peptides could provide more chelating spaces. This study was of great significance for the development of calcium supplement foods.Practical ApplicationCompared with inorganic calcium and organic calcium, the bioactive gelatin peptide chelated calcium has the characteristics of high utilization rate, high solubility, and high absorption rate. The raw materials are extracted from the tilapia processed waste, which reduce the cost, make full use of resources, and improve the bioavailability. The tilapia skin gelatin peptide calcium chelate can be directly absorbed by the human body, and the absorption efficiency is high, further improving the resource utilization rate and having high economic benefits, which is a comprehensive supplement that can also be used as a functional food.
Chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of adlay seed (Coixlachryma‐jobi L.) oil extracted from four main producing areas in China
Authors: He Chaojun , Li Ziyong , Liu Hongxia , Zhang Haining , Wang Liye , Chen Hong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdlay oil (AO) is an important component of adlay seeds that has many beneficial functions to human health. In this study, the variations in the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of AOs extracted from adlay samples obtained from four main producing areas of China were first investigated. Results revealed that the AO of the adlay samples varied from 7.398 ± 0.486% to 8.464 ± 0.725%. The highest contents of total fatty acid, triolein, total phenolic, and total flavonoid were observed in Xingren AO, whereas coixol content was found to be highest in Pucheng AO. The AO samples were grouped successfully in accordance with the origins by partial least squares–discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis based on the contents of the chemical components. Furthermore, AOs exhibited considerable levels of 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (IC50, 0.924 ± 0.113 to 1.116 ± 0.109 mg/mL) radical scavenging activity, ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity (EC50, 0.019 ± 0.002 to 0.028 ± 0.002 mg/mL) activity, and β‐carotene‐linoleic acid bleaching activity (IC50, 0.233 ± 0.008 to 0.414 ± 0.012 mg/mL) activity. Total phenolic and total flavonoid both demonstrated highest correlation with ABTS values (r = −0.952 and r = −0.960, respectively). The results derived from above studies suggest that geographic origin has a certain influence on the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of the AOs.Practical ApplicationThe chemical composition and antioxidant activity of adlay oils extracted from the adlay samples obtained from four main producing areas of China were evaluated, including total fatty acid, triolein, total phenolic, and total flavonoid, and ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity, and β‐carotene‐linoleic acid bleaching activity.
The rose and the name: the unresolved debate on biotechnological terms
Authors: Domínguez Martí , Peretó Juli , Porcar Manuel 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe largest survey on the perception of synthetic biology‐related disciplines (Porcar et al., 2019,EMBO Rep 20) recently revealed that the Spanish society does not have a very positive perception of the term synthetic biology. On the other hand, the terms biotechnology and even genetic engineering received relatively higher scores. The issue of nomenclature and perception is a classical one in science perception studies. Synthetic biologists have been debating their neologism (Synthetic Biology, from now on SB) for years. Even in a 2006 blog, Rob Carlson discussed the various labels for the new field, such as intentional biology, constructive biology, natural engineering, synthetic genomics and biological engineering. This diversity of names, along with the above mentioned negative public perception of the term synthetic biology, raises the question on whether the term itself is suitable or whether it could, in an extreme scenario, be replaced by another combining scientific consensus with public acceptance.
Bioengineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 for tumour‐targeting therapy
Authors: Yu Xiaoli , Lin Changsen , Yu Jing , Qi Qingsheng , Wang Qian 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBacterial vectors, as microscopic living ‘robotic factories’, can be reprogrammed into microscopic living ‘robotic factories’, using a top‐down bioengineering approach to produce and deliver anticancer agents. Most of the current research has focused on bacterial species such as Salmonella typhimurium or Clostridium novyi. However, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is another promising candidate with probiotic properties. EcN offers increased applicability for cancer treatment with the development of new molecular biology and complete genome sequencing techniques. In this review, we discuss the genetics and physical properties of EcN. We also summarize and analyse recent studies regarding tumour therapy mediated by EcN. Many challenges remain in the development of more promising strategies for combatting cancer with EcN.
A functional deconstructive approach to mixotrophic phytoplankton responds better to local, regional and biogeographic predictors than species
Authors: Moresco Geovani Arnhold , Bortolini Jascieli Carla , Rodrigues Luzia Cleide , Jati Susicley , Machado Velho Luiz Felipe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe use of deconstructive approaches, such as functional classification models, can be an important tool for understanding aquatic systems. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution and community structure of mixotrophic flagellates in lakes of four large Brazilian floodplain systems, those of Amazon River, Araguaia River, Pantanal and upper Paraná River, in contrasting hydrological periods. A partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) was used to estimate the relative roles of environmental, spatial and biogeographic factors on both the entire community and a deconstructive approach using Reynolds' mixotrophic flagellate functional groups (RFGs). High environmental variability was found between the rainy and dry periods, mostly for the Amazon floodplain system. We identified 135 taxa and seven RFGs of mixotrophic flagellates: E, Lo, Q, W1, W2, Ws and Y. A permanova evidenced that biomass of mixotrophic flagellate RFGs reflected differences among floodplains and between hydrological periods. Our results showed that the use of RFGs better summarises the mixotrophic phytoplankton metacommunity structure when compared to the use of the entire community. The pRDA showed that explanatory matrices explained up to 37% of variation in the community. Environmental, spatial and biogeographic factors were important to explain the structure of the mixotrophic flagellates; however, the importance of the different components seemed to depend on the hydrological period and the traits of each RFG.
Periovulatory oviductal fluid decreases sperm protein kinase A activity, tyrosine phosphorylation, and in vitro fertilization in pig
Authors: Zapata‐Carmona Héctor , Soriano‐Úbeda Cristina , París‐Oller Evelyne , Matás Carmen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMolecules from the female reproductive tract modulate capacitation and function of sperm cells in vivo. These molecules vary in a quantitative and qualitative manner throughout the estrous cycle.ObjectivesThis work evaluates the effect of using various female reproductive fluids on capacitation and fertilization of pig spermatozoa in vitro.Material and methodsThe effects of culturing spermatozoa in different fluids on the levels of sperm protein kinase A (pPKA), tyrosine phosphorylation, acrosome reaction, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) were evaluated. The fluids tested were as follows: oviductal fluid (OF) from five phases of the estrous cycle, namely early and late follicular (OF‐EF, OF‐LF), early and late luteal (OF‐EL, OF‐LL) and periovulatory (pOF), follicular fluid from medium‐sized follicles, and secretions of cumulus‐oocyte complexes (conditioned medium).ResultsThe pPKAs and tyrosine phosphorylation were decreased by OF‐EF, OF‐LF, OF‐EL, and pOF but not by follicular fluid and conditioned medium. OF‐EF, OF‐LF, and pOF also decreased the sperm acrosome reaction. Moreover, the effect of pOF on pPKAs and tyrosine phosphorylation was reversible. In in vitro fertilization, OF‐EF, OF‐LF, OF‐EL, and pOF reduced the percentage of penetrated oocytes, the mean number of spermatozoa per penetrated oocyte, and increased monospermy.ConclusionOF from follicular, early luteal, and periovulatory phases of the estrous cycle modulates the sperm protein phosphorylation as well as the acrosome reaction involved in capacitation and increases monospermic fertilization in in vitro fertilization. Our findings suggest that fluids from the female reproductive tract could be used as additives in porcine IVF systems to modulate sperm‐oocyte interaction.
Diagnostic value of implantable loop recorder in patients undergoing cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kusiak Aleksander , Jastrzębski Marek , Bednarski Adam , Kułakowski Piotr , Piotrowski Roman , Koźluk Edward , Baszko Artur , Czarnecka Danuta 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDue to limited data, implantable loop recorders (ILR) are not currently recommended by the guidelines to routinely monitor patients after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.AimsTo validate the diagnostic value of ILR after AF ablation, modern generation ILRs (LINQ) were implanted in patients scheduled for cryoballoon ablation of AF (CBA).MethodsWe included 29 patients with frequent and symptomatic episodes of paroxysmal AF. ILR was implanted 3 months prior to CBA, and data were collected before and for 6 months after the procedure. The device was programmed to maximize sensitivity of AF/ atrial tachycardia (AT) detection. All EGM recordings were “manually” assessed and annotated as true AF, pseudo AF, unrecognized AF, and episodes with no EGM available. Duration and episode‐based standard performance metrics were evaluated.ResultsA total number of 5,842 episodes were recorded. A total of 4,403 episodes were true AF, 453 episodes were pseudo AF, and 986 episodes had no EGM available. The device did not recognize 144 episodes of AF. Duration‐based sensitivity was 95.2%, duration‐based specificity 99.9%, duration‐based PPV 99.2%, duration‐based NPV 99.9%, episode‐based sensitivity 98.0%, and episode‐based PPV 91.0%. Misdiagnosis happened in 1 in 10 episodes. Total data review time was 166 hr.ConclusionsImplantable loop recorders is a valuable tool in evaluation of AF episodes in patients undergoing CBA. However, for high precision all recorded episodes need to be evaluated “manually.” The memory storage space is too low for frequent AF episodes, resulting in overwriting of stored EGMs and data loss.
Gene expression profiles in bovine granulocytes reflect the aberration of liver functions
Authors: Kizaki Keiichiro , Kageyama Tomomi , Toji Noriyuki , Koshi Katsuo , Sasaki Kouya , Yamagishi Norio , Ishiguro‐Oonuma Toshina , Takahashi Toru , Hashizume Kazuyoshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLiver performs several important functions; however, predicting its functions is difficult. Methods of analyzing gene expression profiles, for example, microarray, provide functional information of tissues. Liver and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) were collected from Holstein cows subjected to two different physiological conditions (non‐pregnant and pregnant), and PBLs were fractionated by gradient cell separation. RNA from PBLs and liver were applied to oligo‐DNA microarray and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). It revealed a group of stable bovine liver genes under constant physiological conditions. When they applied to physiological conditions including non‐pregnant and pregnant, the profiles of some genes in liver were consistent with those in PBLs. Microarray data subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the hepatic gene expression profiles were more consistent with those of granulocytes than mononuclear cells. The relationship of gene profiles in liver with granulocytes was confirmed by RT‐qPCR and hierarchical cluster analysis. Gene profiles of granulocytes were more reliable than those of mononuclear cells, which reflected liver functions. These results suggest that the genes expressed in PBLs, particularly granulocytes, may be convenient bioindicators for the diagnosis of clinical disorder and/or detecting aberration of liver functions in cows subjected to different physiological conditions.
AML through the prism of molecular genetics
Authors: Charrot Sarah , Armes Hannah , Rio‐Machin Ana , Fitzgibbon Jude 
Published: December 2019

SummaryModern management of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) relies on the integration of phenotypic and genetic data to assign classification, establish prognosis, enhance monitoring and guide treatment. The prism through which we can now disperse a patient's leukaemia, interpret and apply our understanding has fundamentally changed since the completion of the first whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) of an AML patient in 2008 and where possible, many clinicians would now prefer to delay treatment decisions until the karyotype and genetic status of a new patient is known. The success of global sequencing initiatives such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) have brought us significantly closer to cataloguing the full spectrum of coding mutations involved in human malignancy. Indeed, genetic capability has raced ahead of our capacity to apply much of this knowledge into clinical practice and we are in the peculiar position of having routine access to genetic information on an individual patient's leukaemia that cannot be reliably interpreted or utilised. This is a measure of how rapid the progress has been, and this rate of change is likely to continue into the foreseeable future as research intensifies on the non‐coding genome and the epigenome, as we scrutinise disease at a single cell level, and as initiatives like Beat AML and the Harmony Alliance progress. In this review, we will examine how interrogation of the coding genome is revolutionising our understanding of AML and improving our ability to underscore differences between paediatric and adult onset, sporadic and inherited forms of disease. We will look at how this knowledge is informing improvements in outcome prediction and the development of novel treatments, bringing us a step closer to personalised therapy for myeloid malignancy.
Ageing, sex, and cardioprotection
Authors: Ruiz‐Meana Marisol , Boengler Kerstin , Garcia‐Dorado David , Hausenloy Derek J. , Kaambre Tuuli , Kararigas Georgios , Perrino Cinzia , Schulz Rainer , Ytrehus Kirsti 
Published: December 2019

Translation of cardioprotective interventions aimed at reducing myocardial injury during ischaemia–reperfusion from experimental studies to clinical practice is an important yet unmet need in cardiovascular medicine. One particular challenge facing translation is the existence of demographic and clinical factors that influence the pathophysiology of ischaemia–reperfusion injury of the heart and the effects of treatments aimed at preventing it. Among these factors, age and sex are prominent and have a recognised role in the susceptibility and outcome of ischaemic heart disease. Remarkably, some of the most powerful cardioprotective strategies proven to be effective in young animals become ineffective during ageing. This article reviews the mechanisms and implications of the modulatory effects of ageing and sex on myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury and their potential effects on cardioprotective interventions.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc