bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal Hindcast Skill Assessment of Ridging Events Related to Drought Over the Western United States
Authors: Gibson Peter B. , Waliser Duane E. , Goodman Alexander , DeFlorio Michael J. , Delle Monache Luca , Molod Andrea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPersistent atmospheric ridging events centered near the western United States are associated with widespread precipitation deficits and meteorological drought. Due to the relatively low skill of dynamical models in forecasting precipitation on subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) time scales across this region, forecasts of ridging are explored in this study as a potential bridge for early warning drought prediction. To assess skill, we evaluate deterministic and probabilistic S2S hindcasts (out to 6 week lead time) of ridging events and geopotential height anomalies over the western United States in five ensemble hindcast systems. Prediction skill for ridging events is shown to be highly variable across models. For some models, longer‐time‐averaged patterns of geopotential height anomalies across the first 6 weeks can be skillfully simulated, when evaluated probabilistically against climatology. The most skillful models show modest skill in forecasting above normal ridging occurrences at lead times of Weeks 3–4 and Weeks 5–6, with some sensitivity to the specific ridge location and method for determining skill. Using the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model as a case study, longer lead time forecast busts are shown to often occur under extended periods of highly active La Nina‐like tropical convection. Model errors at simulating these tropical convection features may have a disproportionately large impact and degrade downstream forecasts over the western United States. Despite the documented model shortcomings, our results highlight an opportunity to target skillful ridging forecasts from dynamical models for improving early warning drought forecasting at S2S lead times.
Active Fold‐Thrust Belt to Foreland Transition in Northern Adria, Italy, Tracked by Seismic Reflection Profiles and GPS Offshore Data
Authors: Pezzo G. , Petracchini L. , Devoti R. , Maffucci R. , Anderlini L. , Antoncecchi I. , Billi A. , Carminati E. , Ciccone F. , Cuffaro M. , Livani M. , Palano M. , Petricca P. , Pietrantonio G. , Riguzzi F. , Rossi G. , Sparacino F. , Doglioni C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Adria microplate is the foreland of the oppositely verging Apennines and Alps or Dinarides fold‐thrust belts associated to the related subduction zones. Along its western margin, the Adria plate hosts the active Northern Apennines accretionary prism, which is buried under the Adriatic Sea and the Po Plain. The interpretation of seismic reflection profiles and borehole data allowed us to define the geometry of the transition from the Apennines fold‐thrust belt to its undeformed foreland. Moreover, continuous GPS (CGPS) data from offshore hydrocarbon platforms anchored to the seabed of the northern Adriatic plate allow to measure present‐day kinematics. Although the CGPS signals are affected by non‐tectonic components associated with hydrocarbon extraction, the integration of geodetic analysis, subsurface geological reconstructions, and analytical modeling allowed us to constrain the ongoing tectonic activity. Shortening is currently accommodated by aseismic slip along the basal detachment, likely accumulating elastic energy along the frontal ramp that may eventually seismically slip. Our multidisciplinary study suggests that the study area may not be sheltered from relevant seismic sequences similar to the Mw 6 Emilia 2012 events and that the occurrence of potential seismogenic sources in the area should be carefully evaluated. Similar studies may be useful to constrain the present‐day activity in other marine areas and to identify potential and hitherto unrecognized seismogenic sources along the entire Apennines belt and other accretionary prisms worldwide.
Estimating Net Irrigation Across the North China Plain Through Dual Modeling of Evapotranspiration
Authors: Koch Julian , Zhang Wenmin , Martinsen Grith , He Xin , Stisen Simon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIrrigation is the greatest human interference with the terrestrial water cycle. Detailed knowledge on irrigation is required to better manage water resources and to increase water use efficiency (WUE). This study applies a framework to quantify net irrigation at monthly timescale at a spatial resolution of 1 km2 providing high spatial and temporal detail for regional water resources management. The study is conducted in the Haihe River Basin (HRB) in China encompassing the North China Plain (NCP), a global hot spot of groundwater depletion. Net irrigation is estimated based on the systematic evapotranspiration (ET) residuals between a remote sensing‐based model and a hydrologic model that does not include an irrigation scheme. The results suggest an average annual net irrigation of 126 mm yr−1 (15.2 km3 yr−1) for NCP and 108 mm yr−1 (18.6 km3 yr−1) for HRB. It is found that net irrigation can be estimated with higher fidelity for winter crops than for summer crops. The simulated water balance for NCP is evaluated with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data, and the net irrigation estimates can close the water balance gap. Annual winter wheat classifications reveal an increasing crop area with a trend of 2,200 km2 yr−1. This trend is not accompanied by a likewise increasing trend in irrigation water use, which suggests an increased WUE in the NCP, which is further supported by net primary productivity data. The proposed framework has potential to be transferred to other regions and support decision makers to support sustainable water management.
Preferential Flow in Riparian Groundwater: Gateways for Watershed Solute Transport and Implications for Water Quality Management
Authors: Hester Erich T. , Fox Garey A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRiparian zones are key gateways for solutes in watersheds, including nutrients and pollutants moving toward the stream network. In human‐dominated landscapes, they are widely used as buffers to remove pollutants at substantial cumulative cost yet vary widely in their effectiveness, and much is unknown about the detailed processes involved and their controls. Preferential flow is widespread in riparian zones, oriented both horizontally toward the channel (often bypassing beneficial reactions in the soil during baseflow) or vertically (enhancing beneficial reactions by infiltrating surface flow during storms). Preferential flow thus contributes to widespread variability of riparian zone/buffer function, with implications for legacy nutrients stored in upland soils and aquifers. This creates a disconnect between functional riparian definitions based on flow and transport processes and common operational ones based on buffer width. Enhanced field characterization of preferential flow path spatial distribution and connectivity, together with developments in simulating preferential solute transport in soils, would allow better prediction of spatial and temporal variation in riparian zone function. Such prediction in turn would allow improved buffer function by tailoring buffer design to site specific conditions, thereby reconciling functional and operational viewpoints.
MiR-22, regulated by MeCP2, suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation by inducing a deficiency in endogenous S-adenosylmethionine
Authors: Tong Dongdong , Zhang Jing , Wang Xiaofei , Li Qian , Liu Liying , Lu Axin , Guo Bo , Yang Juan , Ni Lei , Qin Hao , Zhao Lingyu , Huang Chen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) on miRNA transcription. Our results of miRNA chip assay and ChIP-seq showed that MeCP2 inhibited the expressions of numerous miRNAs by binding to their upstream elements, including not only the promoter but also the distal enhancer. Among the affected miRNAs, miR-22 was identified to remarkably suppress gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation, arrest G1–S cell cycle transition, and induce cell apoptosis by targeting MeCP2, MTHFD2, and MTHFR. Understanding GC metabolism characteristics is the key to developing novel therapies that target GC metabolic pathways. Our study revealed that the metabolic profiles in GC tissues were altered. SAM (S-adenosylmethionine), a universal methyl donor for histone and DNA methylation, which is specifically involved in the epigenetic maintenance of cancer cells, was found increased. The production of SAM is promoted by the folate cycle. Knockdown of MTHFD2 and MTHFR, two key enzymes in folate metabolism and methyl donor SAM production, significantly suppressed GC cell proliferation. MiR-22 overexpression reduced the level of endogenous SAM by suppressing MTHFD2 and MTHFR, inducing P16, PTEN, and RASSF1A hypomethylation. In conclusion, our study suggests that miR-22 was inhibited by MeCP2, resulting in deficiency of endogenous SAM, and ultimately leading to tumor suppressor dysregulation.
Characterization of the genomic landscape and actionable mutations in Chinese breast cancers by clinical sequencing
Authors: Lang Guan-Tian , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Shi Jin-Xiu , Yang Fan , Li Xiao-Guang , Pei Yu-Chen , Zhang Chen-Hui , Ma Ding , Xiao Yi , Hu Peng-Chen , Wang Hai , Yang Yun-Song , Guo Lin-Wei , Lu Xun-Xi , Xue Meng-Zhu , Wang Peng , Cao A-Yong , Ling Hong , Wang Zhong-Hua , Yu Ke-Da , Di Gen-Hong , Li Da-Qiang , Wang Yun-Jin , Yu Ying , Shi Le-Ming , Hu Xin , Huang Wei , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe remarkable advances in next-generation sequencing technology have enabled the wide usage of sequencing as a clinical tool. To promote the advance of precision oncology for breast cancer in China, here we report a large-scale prospective clinical sequencing program using the Fudan-BC panel, and comprehensively analyze the clinical and genomic characteristics of Chinese breast cancer. The mutational landscape of 1,134 breast cancers reveals that the most significant differences between Chinese and Western patients occurred in the hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative breast cancer subtype. Mutations in p53 and Hippo signaling pathways are more prevalent, and 2 mutually exclusive and 9 co-occurring patterns exist among 9 oncogenic pathways in our cohort. Further preclinical investigation partially suggests that NF2 loss-of-function mutations can be sensitive to a Hippo-targeted strategy. We establish a public database (Fudan Portal) and a precision medicine knowledge base for data exchange and interpretation. Collectively, our study presents a leading approach to Chinese precision oncology treatment and reveals potentially actionable mutations in breast cancer.
Site-switchable mono-O-allylation of polyols
Authors: Tang Hua , Tian Yu-Biao , Cui Hongyan , Li Ren-Zhe , Zhang Xia , Niu Dawen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSite-selective modification of complex molecules allows for rapid accesses to their analogues and derivatives, and, therefore, offers highly valuable opportunities to probe their functions. However, to selectively manipulate one out of many repeatedly occurring functional groups within a substrate represents a grand challenge in chemistry. Yet more demanding is to develop methods in which alterations to the reaction conditions lead to switching of the specific site of reaction. We report herein the development of a Pd/Lewis acid co-catalytic system that achieves not only site-selective, but site-switchable mono-O-allylation of polyols with readily available reagents and catalysts. Through exchanging the Lewis acid additives that recognize specific hydroxyls in a polyol substrate, our system managed to install a versatile allyl group to the target in a site-switchable manner. Our design demonstrates remarkable scope, and is amenable to the direct derivatization of various complex, bioactive natural products.
Concordant peripheral lipidome signatures in two large clinical studies of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Huynh Kevin , Lim Wei Ling Florence , Giles Corey , Jayawardana Kaushala S. , Salim Agus , Mellett Natalie A. , Smith Adam Alexander T. , Olshansky Gavriel , Drew Brian G. , Chatterjee Pratishtha , Martins Ian , Laws Simon M. , Bush Ashley I. , Rowe Christopher C. , Villemagne Victor L. , Ames David , Masters Colin L. , Arnold Matthias , Nho Kwangsik , Saykin Andrew J. , Baillie Rebecca , Han Xianlin , Kaddurah-Daouk Rima , Martins Ralph N. , Meikle Peter J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChanges to lipid metabolism are tightly associated with the onset and pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lipids are complex molecules comprising many isomeric and isobaric species, necessitating detailed analysis to enable interpretation of biological significance. Our expanded targeted lipidomics platform (569 species across 32 classes) allows for detailed lipid separation and characterisation. In this study we examined peripheral samples of two cohorts (AIBL,n = 1112 and ADNI,n = 800). We are able to identify concordant peripheral signatures associated with prevalent AD arising from lipid pathways including; ether lipids, sphingolipids (notably GM3gangliosides) and lipid classes previously associated with cardiometabolic disease (phosphatidylethanolamine and triglycerides). We subsequently identified similar lipid signatures in both cohorts with future disease. Lastly, we developed multivariate lipid models that improved classification and prediction. Our results provide a holistic view between the lipidome and AD using a comprehensive approach, providing targets for further mechanistic investigation.
Biomaterial-based scaffold for in situ chemo-immunotherapy to treat poorly immunogenic tumors
Authors: Wang Hua , Najibi Alexander J. , Sobral Miguel C. , Seo Bo Ri , Lee Jun Yong , Wu David , Li Aileen Weiwei , Verbeke Catia S. , Mooney David J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoorly immunogenic tumors, including triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs), remain resistant to current immunotherapies, due in part to the difficulty of reprogramming the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we show that peritumorally injected, macroporous alginate gels loaded with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for concentrating dendritic cells (DCs), CpG oligonucleotides, and a doxorubicin-iRGD conjugate enhance the immunogenic death of tumor cells, increase systemic tumor-specific CD8 + T cells, repolarize tumor-associated macrophages towards an inflammatory M1-like phenotype, and significantly improve antitumor efficacy against poorly immunogenic TNBCs. This system also prevents tumor recurrence after surgical resection and results in 100% metastasis-free survival upon re-challenge. This chemo-immunotherapy that concentrates DCs to present endogenous tumor antigens generated in situ may broadly serve as a facile platform to modulate the suppressive TME, and enable in situ personalized cancer vaccination.
Stagnant forearc mantle wedge inferred from mapping of shear-wave anisotropy using S-net seafloor seismometers
Authors: Uchida Naoki , Nakajima Junichi , Wang Kelin , Takagi Ryota , Yoshida Keisuke , Nakayama Takashi , Hino Ryota , Okada Tomomi , Asano Youichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractShear-wave anisotropy in Earth’s mantle helps constrain the lattice-preferred orientation of anisotropic minerals due to viscous flow. Previous studies at the Japan Trench subduction zone using land-based seismic networks identified strong anisotropy in the mantle wedge, reflecting viscous flow induced by the subducting slab. Here we map anisotropy in the previously uninvestigated offshore region by analyzing shear waves from interplate earthquakes that are recorded by a new seafloor network (the S-net). The newly detected anisotropy is not in the mantle wedge but only in the overlying crust (∼0.1 s time delay and trench-parallel fast direction). The distinct lack of anisotropy indicates that the forearc mantle wedge offshore is decoupled from the slab and does not participate in the viscous flow, in sharp contrast with the rest of the mantle wedge. A stagnant forearc mantle wedge provides a stable and cold tectonic environment that is important for the petrological evolution and earthquake processes of subduction zones.
Whole exome sequencing and homozygosity mapping reveals genetic defects in consanguineous Iranian families with inherited retinal dystrophies
Authors: Salmaninejad Arash , Bedoni Nicola , Ravesh Zeinab , Quinodoz Mathieu , Shoeibi Nasser , Mojarrad Majid , Pasdar Alireza , Rivolta Carlo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs), displaying pronounced genetic and clinical heterogeneity, comprise of a broad range of diseases characterized by progressive retinal cell death and gradual loss of vision. By the combined use of whole exome sequencing (WES), SNP-array and WES-based homozygosity mapping, as well as directed DNA sequencing (Sanger), we have identified nine pathogenic variants in six genes (ABCA4, RPE65, MERTK, USH2A, SPATA7, TULP1) in 10 consanguineous Iranian families. Six of the nine identified variants were novel, including a putative founder mutation in ABCA4 (c.3260A>G, p.Glu1087Gly), detected in two families from Northeastern Iran. Our findings provide additional information to the molecular pathology of IRDs in Iran, hopefully contributing to better genetic counselling and patient management in the respective families from this country.
Unveiling the high-temperature dielectric response of $$\text {Bi}_{0.5}\text {Na}_{0.5}\text {TiO}_{3}$$
Authors: Diaz Julio Cesar Camilo Albornoz , M’Peko Jean-Claude , Venet Michel , da Silva Paulo Sergio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the physics behind changes in dielectric permittivity and mechanical response with temperature and frequency in lead-free ferroic materials is a fundamental key to achieve optimal properties and to guarantee good performance in the technological applications envisaged. In this work, dense $$\text {Bi}_{0.5}\text {Na}_{0.5}\text {TiO}_{3}$$

Bi

0.5

Na

0.5

TiO
3

(BNT) electroceramics were prepared through solid-state reaction of high-grade oxide reagents, followed by sintering at high temperature (1393 K for 3 h). In good agreement with previous reports in the literature, the thermal behaviour of dielectric response from these BNT materials showed the occurrence of a high-temperature diffuse-like permittivity peak, whose origin has been so far controversial. Thermally stimulated depolarization current, impedance and mechanical spectroscopies measurements were here conducted, over a wide range of temperature and frequency, to get a deep insight into the mechanism behind of this event. The approach included considering both as-sintered and reduced BNT samples, from which it is demonstrated that the broad high-temperature dielectric peak originates from interfacial polarization involving oxygen vacancies-related space-charge effects that develop at the grain-to-grain contacts. This mechanism, that contributes to the anomalous behavior observed in the mechanical response at low frequencies, could also be responsible for the presence of ferroelastic domains up to high temperatures.
Hesperidin ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia-induced retinal impairment through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of apoptosis
Authors: Xin Xiaorong , Li Yanrong , Liu Haiping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh-altitude retinopathy is initiated by hypobaric hypoxia and characterized by retinal functional changes, but the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate this dysfunction remain unclear. The aim of our investigation is to determine the protective efficacy of hesperidin (HSD) on the hypobaric hypoxia-induced damage to the retina. Experiment rats were randomly grouped as the control, hypobaric hypoxia group and HSD intervention group. The hypobaric hypoxia and the HSD intervention groups were maintained in a low-pressure oxygen cabin. We found that hypobaric hypoxia dramatically reduced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) levels, induced an elevation in immunostaining of TUNEL-positive cells. Hypobaric hypoxia exposure resulted in the increase of Bcl-2, decrease of caspase3 and caspase9 expression as well as Bax level. HSD protected the retina from hypobaric hypoxia-caused impairment by enhancing Nrf2 and HO-1 activation, attenuating apoptotic caspases levels, and reducing Bax and preserving Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, oxidative stress increased poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and suppressed ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) level, HSD treatment reverted this effect by down-regulation of PARP1 and up-regulation of CNTF expression. Taken together, our findings implicate that HSD exerts a protective role in response to hypobaric hypoxia stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting apoptosis.
A novel nutritional index “simplified CONUT” and the disease risk index independently stratify prognosis of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Senjo Hajime , Onozawa Masahiro , Hidaka Daisuke , Yokoyama Shota , Yamamoto Satoshi , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Haseyama Yoshihito , Nagashima Takahiro , Mori Akio , Ota Shuichi , Sakai Hajime , Ishihara Toshimichi , Miyagishima Takuto , Kakinoki Yasutaka , Kurosawa Mitsutoshi , Kobayashi Hajime , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Hashimoto Daigo , Kondo Takeshi , Teshima Takanori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElderly patients aged 65 or older with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have poor prognosis. The risk stratification based on genetic alteration has been proposed in national comprehensive cancer network (NCCN) guideline but its efficacy was not well verified especially in real world elderly patients. The nutritional status assessment using controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score is a prognostic biomarker in elderly patients with solid tumors but was not examined in elderly AML patients. We performed prospective analysis of genetic alterations of 174 patients aged 65 or older with newly diagnosed AML treated without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and developed simplified CONUT (sCONUT) score by eliminating total lymphocyte count from the items to adapt AML patients. In this cohort, both the NCCN 2017 risk group and sCONUT score successfully stratified the overall survival (OS) of the elderly patients. A multivariable analysis demonstrated that adverse group in NCCN 2017 and high sCONUT score were independently associated with poor 2-year OS. Both risk stratification based on NCCN 2017 and sCONUT score predict prognosis in the elderly patients with newly diagnosed AML.