bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Novel Class 2 Graduated Elastic Compression Garment Compared to a Gold Standard Compression Garment
Authors: Morgaenko Katerina , Sharma Aditya , Mehta Nishaki , Quinn Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Graduated elastic compression stockings are a frequently prescribed therapy for cardiovascular conditions with established benefit. However patient compliance remains low owing to significant difficulty donning the device, discomfort and poor fit. Based on end-user feedback, a novel compression device (CompressRite CR) to facilitate one handed application with minimal use of upper extremity strength was compared to Jobst stocking (Control).
Methods: An open, prospective, single-center study was done in in volunteers and in-patients. Study subject’s lower extremities were clinically classified by a blinded vascular specialist. Pressure readings were obtained using a pressure sensor in standing position every 5 minutes during two 30-minute sessions using CR and Control.
Results: Ninety study subjects (82 healthy volunteers, 8 in-patients, 34% males, 66% females, 70% White, 22% African American, %7 Asian, 1% Hispanic) completed the study. Clinical vascular classification revealed 31% C0, 18% C3, 16% C1, 7% C2, 4% C4 and 22% unclassified. CR performed similar to Control in terms of pressure delivery. Calf circumference was not impacted by pressure sessions in both groups. Application time of CR was higher but removal times were similar. Qualitative feedback collected showed that CR was superior to conventional garment.
Conclusion: CR appeared to be equally effective to Control graduated elastic stockings with a longer application time on first attempt but consistently higher scores for satisfaction. This may represent an attractive alternative with higher patient compliance rates.
Computationally Sizing a Left Ventricular Assist Device Graft: A Pre-Procedural Tool to Improve Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Ramirez David A. , Holm Mikayle A. , Shaffer Andrew , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Implanting Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) can be life saving therapies that improve life expectancy for the patients that receive it. The target patient population suffer from end-stage heart failure and are therefore susceptible to morbidities arising from a less than ideal surgical implantation. Importantly, the graft that carries the blood from the LVAD pump to the aorta needs to be sized accordingly so as to not cause any compounding complications. The current typical surgical method, is to perform a visual estimation at the time of implantation. This present study proposes a computational tool that utilizes pre-procedural imaging to better calculate the personalized, ideal, LVAD graft length.
Development of an Open-Access Library of Pediatric Congenital Heart Diseases and Treatments: A Tutorial on the Atlas of Human Cardiac Anatomy
Authors: Tenhoff Amanda C. , Deakyne Alex J. , Iles Tinen L. , Narasimhan Shanti L. , Said Sameh M. , Griselli Massimo , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The major aim of this project is to construct a growing database of information regarding specific manifestations of congenital heart diseases (CHDs), subsequent treatments, clinical cases, and patient outcomes. This will include 3D models generated from clinical imaging of individual patient hearts and respective de-identified clinical case information — all of which will be incorporated onto the free-access Atlas of Human Cardiac Anatomy website (http://www.vhlab.umn.edu/atlas/), where anyone can learn more about these diseases and their complexities [1]. Generated models can also be used for 3D printing, such as for pre-surgical planning, as well as for incorporation into virtual reality in order to expand outreach and education efforts [2]. Future work will incorporate computational modeling to enhance insights relative to treatment strategies and surgical planning. By studying a broad range of these unique individual cases, it will be possible for patients, clinicians, and medical device designers alike to better understand the clinical presentations of congenital heart diseases and develop more effective treatment strategies.
Development of Voice-Controlled Smart Surgical Bed
Authors: Kim Jeong Hun , Theodore Nicholas , Iyer Rajiv , Manbachi Amir , Um Richard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Wasted time in the operating room results in higher operating costs and greater post-operative complications. One effective way to reduce operation time is automating basic processes that occur during surgery. Given the rise of smart-home devices, implementation of virtual assistants became a feasible solution in many medical settings. With a consumer smart-home device and off-the-shelf components, we engineered a voice-controlled smart surgical bed that adjusts the bed configuration via a voice input. The resulting device is expected to optimize human resources and reduce surgical site infection by eliminating the need of a traditional touch control mechanism. Future work is needed to develop its proprietary hardware and software, and continuous collaboration with medical personnel to bring this device into market.
Assessing Derailment Potential of Partially Filled Railroad Tank Cars
Authors: Hunter Mark , Marquis Brian , Greif Robert , Tajaddini Ali 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The increase of tank car trains carrying oil in North America has increased safety concerns especially with regards to transit through populated areas in the aftermath of the 2013 Lac-Mégantic accident. Among other things, this has further led to the desire to have accurate models to predict the dynamic behavior of tank cars for assessing derailment safety. In pursuit of this, the FRA has funded research to develop a tank car model which includes the behavior of the fluid inside tank cars, so that the resulting forces can be accurately depicted in multi-body dynamic modeling codes without the use of computational fluid dynamics. Prior analytical research on linear fluid sloshing has been adapted to create a mechanical model (pendulum–mass system) that estimates the lateral fluid motion and resulting forces which can be added to a dynamic model of the tank car. The developed model parameters are compared to other works in which mass and frequency parameters are derived. The model derivation, equations, and comparison to test data are included in this paper. Parametric results are provided showing trends associated with different levels of fluid fill.
Retracted: “Alignment Tolerance of Rail Track” [2020 Joint Rail Conference, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, April 20–22, 2020, Conference Sponsors: Rail Transportation Division, ISBN: 978-0-7918-8358-7, Copyright © 2020 by ASME. Paper No. JRC2020-8064, pp. V001T08A006; 10 pages; doi: 10.1115/JRC2020-8064]
Authors: ASME  
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The above referenced paper has been removed from publication at author’s request. September 9, 2020.
Copyright © 2020 by ASME
Dynamic Forces in a Framebraced Cargo Wagon
Authors: Kurka Paulo R. G. , Morillo Alfredo H. V. , de Almeida Thais O. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article presents a rigid bodies model of a railway wagon, with braces attached to its sideframes. The model is used to estimate the dynamic operational loads and geometric deformations of the sideframes. Yaw movements are analyzed during a curve, in the braced and unbraced conditions, showing the brace’s contribution to reduce warping deformation of the sideframes.
Raking Impact of a Diesel Multiple Unit Fuel Tank: Tests and Anaylsis
Authors: Jacobsen Karina , Carolan Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) sponsors research on safety topics to address and to improve safety regulations and standards. This paper focuses on the latest research and testing conducted to evaluate passenger locomotive fuel tank integrity. Fuel tank integrity regulations, in the form of a series of static load conditions, currently exist to set a minimum level of protection against an impact to the fuel tank that might puncture the tank and cause the release of diesel fuel. The current research program involves a series of dynamic impact tests and quasi-static tests that measures the forces required to deform a fuel tank and investigate the types of loading conditions experienced by fuel tanks.
The objective of the testing program is to establish the baseline puncture resistance of current locomotive fuel tanks under dynamic impact conditions and to develop performance requirements for an appropriate level of puncture resistance in alternative fuel tank designs, such as Diesel Multiple Unit (DMU) fuel tanks. The tests are divided into two loading scenarios identified from accidents: blunt impact and raking impact. The blunt impact scenario in the form of a full-scale dynamic impact test, have been completed on both conventional passenger locomotive fuel tanks and a DMU fuel tank.
DMU fuel tank quasi-static tests, conducted in December 2018 and November 2019, are designed to simulate a raking impact scenario of a fuel tank. The Transportation Technology Center Inc. (TTCI), with support from the Volpe Center designed a test setup using a fuel tank mounted to a boxcar placed within the “squeeze frame”. An indenter, shaped like a broken rail, is fixed to the ground and the fuel tank is slowly pushed into the indenter using a series of hydraulic rams. Load cells and string potentiometers are used to measure the force/displacement. Cameras capture the deformation profile of the fuel tank. The Volpe Center develops and performs finite element analysis to evaluate the loading scenario prior to testing.
The results of pre-test analyses for the raking impact tests are presented to highlight the critical position on the fuel tank to be impacted. The analysis gives an estimate of the force required to puncture the fuel tank as well as the resultant tear of the fuel tank. Additionally, finite element analysis may be used to evaluate the effect of the fuel on the fuel tank integrity. These results highlight the detailed differences of quasi-static versus dynamic loading of fuel tanks, which supports defining tradeoffs between specifying static load requirements versus scenario-defined performance based standards.
Evaluating Passenger Railway Ride Quality Over Long Distances Using Smartphones
Authors: Tien Do Ngoan , Haji Abdulrazagh Parisa , Gül Mustafa , Hendry Michael T. , Roghani Alireza , Toma Elton 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a smartphone-based ride quality assessment conducted on a VIA Rail route in the province of Ontario Canada. The vibration data were collected by different smartphones placed in different locations on the train. The levels of ride quality were subsequently quantified by the two commonly used indices recommended in the ISO 2631:1-1997, and BS EN 12299:2009 standards. The results show that using smartphones for ride quality yields reasonable assessment in a low-cost and convenient manner and identify that the major poor ride quality values are recorded at stiffness transitions such as bridges, level crossing and switches. Limitations of smartphone sensors, and the future plan for improvement of the use of smartphones for evaluation of ride quality has also been discussed.
Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Broken Rail-Caused Train Derailments
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Zhou Kang , Liu Xiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Broken-rail prevention and risk management have been being a major activity for a long time for the railroad industry. The major objective of this research is to evaluate and analyze the broken rail-caused derailment risk using Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches. The risk model is primarily built upon 1) broken rail probability; 2) probability of broken-rail derailment given a broken rail; and 3) derailment severity, measured by the number of cars derailed. The train derailment risk accounts for derailment probability and derailment consequences simultaneously. Due to the low frequency of broken-rail derailments, it is desirable to estimate the probability of broken rail-caused derailments through the broken rail occurrence. The estimation of the probability of broken rail-caused derailment includes the conditional probability of derailment given broken rail occurrence and the probability of broken rail occurrence. More specially, the probability of broken-rail derailment given a broken rail can be estimated by the statistical relationship between broken-rail derailment and broken rail, given specific variables (e.g., track curvature, signal condition, and annual traffic). The probability of broken rails can be estimated using machine learning techniques based on railroad big data, including maintenance, track layout, traffic and historical inspection records. In terms of derailment consequence, it is defined as the number of cars (both loaded and empty) derailed per derailment that would be estimated based on potentially affecting factors, such as train length, train speed, and train tonnage. The quantitative estimation and analysis of broken rail-caused derailments are based upon the historical records from one Class I railroad company from 2012 to 2016, covering over 20,000 track miles on mainlines. The developed integrated risk model is able to contribute to the prediction of location-centric broken rail-caused derailment risk. Ultimately, the identification of high-risk locations can ultimately aid the railroads to mitigate broken rail risk in a cost-efficient manner and improve railroad safety.
Sharing Tracks With High Speed Trains in Urban Area: Risk due to Drivers and Pedestrian Perception
Authors: Masory Oren 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sharing operations of high-speed passenger and heavy slow freight trains on the same rail tracks presents additional risks to vehicle and pedestrians who cross the tracks. This is due to increase in rail traffic at crossing; drivers and pedestrians overestimate the amount of time they have to cross the intersection in front of a higher speed train; and due to the fact that circuited crossings are not adaptable and might lead to confusion and bad decisions. From human perception point of view these accidents happen in particular when the high speed trains were just introduced since the drivers as well as the pedestrians are used to interact with slower trains. Looming is a major factor that contributes to the perception error experiences by a driver or pedestrian. On one hand a faster train is being detected at farther distance than a slower one but its time to contact (the time it will reach the crossing) is shorter. Thus, a pedestrian might think that he has enough time to cross the railroad but actually he does not. Horn sound has the same effect on human perception. This paper discusses issues related to human perception which contribute to accidents in these cases.
A Stereovision System for Rail Neutral Temperature Measurements and Effects of the Heating Method
Authors: Knopf K. , Rizos D. C. , Qian Y. , Sutton M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) practice is used in modern railroads to alleviate maintenance issues associated with joints and to improve ride quality. The absence of expansion joints, however, leads to long rail segments that are prone to the development of longitudinal thermal stresses that may cause track buckling, or rail pull-apart. A critical parameter in the susceptibility of the track to failure due to thermal loading is the Rail Neutral Temperature. This parameter is the temperature at which the rail is stress free. Rail stress management practices depend on the knowledge of the total net stress in the rail and the RNT. Current in-situ rail stress measurement techniques are destructive and disruptive of service. A new non contacting, nondestructive methodology is under development at the University of South Carolina for RNT and longitudinal stress measurements. The method is based on stereo vision image acquisition and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) for acquiring the full field shape, deformation and strain measurements taken during a thermal cycle. The thermal cycle can be natural or induced. This paper discusses the effects of the way the rail is heated on the RNT and stress measurements.
Design and Bench Tests of a Smart Railroad Tie for Energy Harvesting
Authors: Pan Yu , Zuo Lei , Ahmadian Mehdi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the design, modeling and bench testing of a smart railroad tie for energy harvesting from the motion of railway track. The system is intended for applications that require trackside power in remote locations, such as wayside electrical devices and safety equipment, signal lights, crossing gates, wireless communication, as well as rail health monitoring systems. The smart tie, which is designed to have similar dimensions to a conventional railroad tie, is installed in the same manner as a standard tie on the track. In particular, the mechanical energy harvesting module and its corresponding power management unit can be both embedded inside a composite, concrete or wooden tie, in order to shield the components from the harsh environment and protect the system against any potential theft or vandalism. Different from other railway track harvesters that typically harvest energy from bidirectional track deflections, the proposed smart tie only harvests the kinetic energy of the track when the wheels push it downwards, which resolves the preload and installation challenges of bidirectional harvesting and increases the overall system reliability. A nonlinear analytical model is developed to analyze the dynamic characteristic of the system and the simulation is conducted to predict the performance. Bench tests are subsequently carried out under both harmonic and recorded tie displacement inputs to validate the model and assess the harvesting performance. During the bench tests, the generator shaft was observed to start rotation at 0.1 mm vibration amplitude, indicating that the overall prototype has a relatively small backlash. In-lab test results indicate that an average power of 26.1–42.2W on 4 Ohms and 2 Ohms external loads were achieved under simulated tie movement recorded from a service track.
Non-Uniqueness in Model Parameterization and its Potential Contribution to Uncertainty
Authors: Guo Jun , Segalman Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the ordinary process of estimating uncertainty in model predictions one usually looks to some set of calibration experiments from which the model can be parameterized and then the resulting discrete set of model parameters are used to approximate the joint probability distribution of parameter vectors. That parameter uncertainty is propagated through the model to obtain predictive uncertainty. A key observation here is that usually, the modeler will attempt to find a unique “best” vector of parameters to match each calibration experiment and these “best” parameter vectors are used to estimate parameter uncertainty.
In the work presented here, it is shown how for complex models — having more than a few parameters — it can happen that each experiment can befit equally well by a multitude of parameter vectors. It is also shown that when these large numbers of candidate parameter vectors are compiled the resulting model predictions may manifest substantially more variance than would be the case without consideration of the non-uniqueness issue.
The contribution of non-uniqueness to prediction uncertainty is illustrated on two very different sorts of model. In the first case Johnson-Cook models for a titanium alloy are parameterized to match calibration experiments on three different alloy samples at different temperatures and strain rates. The resulting ensemble of parameter vectors are used to predict peak stress in a different experiment. In the second case, an epidemiological model is calibrated to history data and the parameter vectors are used to calculate a quantity of interest and uncertainty of that quantity.
Efficacy of immunotherapy in lung cancer with co-occurring mutations in NOTCH and homologous repair genes
Authors: Mazzotta Marco , Filetti Marco , Occhipinti Mario , Marinelli Daniele , Scalera Stefano , Terrenato Irene , Sperati Francesca , Pallocca Matteo , Rizzo Francesco , Gelibter Alain , Botticelli Andrea , Scafetta Giorgia , Di Napoli Arianna , Krasniqi Eriseld , Pizzuti Laura , Barba Maddalena , Carpano Silvia , Vici Patrizia , Fanciulli Maurizio , De Nicola Francesca , Ciuffreda Ludovica , Goeman Frauke , De Maria Ruggero , Vecchione Andrea , Giusti Raffaele , Ciliberto Gennaro , Marchetti Paolo , Maugeri-Saccà Marcello 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) provide significant survival benefits in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, while some patients obtain a prolonged benefit, a non-negligible fraction of patients experiences an ultrarapid disease progression. Identifying specific molecular backgrounds predicting opposite outcomes is instrumental to optimize the use of these agents in clinical practice.MethodsWe carried out an observational study with prospective design envisioning targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) with an approved assay in 55 patients with metastatic NSCLC (Rome cohort), of whom 35 were treated with ICIs. Data from three clinically comparable datasets were collected and combined into a metadataset containing 779 patients. The datasets were related to the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) cohort (tissue-based NGS) and the randomized phase II and III POPLAR and OAK trials (blood-based NGS).ResultsIn patients treated with ICIs in the Rome cohort, co-occurring mutations in NOTCH1-3 and homologous repair (HR) genes were associated with durable clinical benefit. Using the MSKCC/POPLAR/OAK metadaset, we confirmed the relationship between the NOTCHmut/HRmut signature and longer progression-free survival (PFS) in ICI-treated patients (multivariate Cox: HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.76, p=0.001). The NOTCHmut/HRmut genomic predictor was also associated with longer survival (log-rank p=0.008), despite patients whose tumors carried the NOTCHmut/HRmut signature had higher metastatic burden as compared with their negative counterpart. Finally, we observed that this genomic predictor was also associated with longer survival in patients with other tumor types treated with ICIs (n=1311, log-rank p=0.002).ConclusionsCo-occurring mutations in the NOTCH and HR pathways are associated with increased efficacy of immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC. This genomic predictor deserves further investigation to fully assess its potential in informing therapeutic decisions.
Disparate histopathology of sebaceous adenitis in a rabbit
Authors: Heinrich Nicole A , Chamroeun Douglas , Locke Erin 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYA 13‐month‐old, spayed, female rex rabbit presented with mildly pruritic, progressive patches of alopecia, erythema and scaling of the head, trunk and legs of five months’ duration. Initial skin biopsy was consistent with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma, but a follow‐up skin biopsy and response to therapy revealed that the rabbit actually had sebaceous adenitis. Nearly one year after presentation, the rabbit's clinical signs remained well controlled. This case demonstrates the importance of interpreting histopathology in light of history, physical examination, supportive tests and response to therapy. It also demonstrates how cutaneous lesions may evolve over time and that serial biopsies may be required to achieve a diagnosis. Finally, this case suggests that there may be histopathological overlap between cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma and sebaceous adenitis in rabbits.