bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation of maxillary arch by immediate implant placement and immediate loading using all on 6 protocol : A case report.
Authors: Sharma Aastha , Sethi Nitin , Gupta Rajan , SINGH  JABBAL RAVUDAI 
Published: October 2020

Edentulism is a current and relevant oral-health problem which has a negative social and psychological effect on patients’ quality of life. Implant-supported fixed restoration is a well-established treatment method for edentulous patients. Current concepts and techniques in implant dentistry have developed and changed with time to provide better esthetics and functional outcomes quickly. Immediate loading offers several advantages over conventional loading without compromising the results. An immediate fixed provisional promotes a high level of patient satisfaction with respect to esthetics, phonetics, mastication and psychological comfort, enabling patients to return to their normal routine and maintain quality of life within a short period of time. Other advantages to extraction with simultaneous replacement include the maintenance of vertical dimension, elimination of interim denture therapy, and potential improvement of soft tissue healing.
The aim of the present case report was to demonstrate step wise oral rehabilitation of maxillary arch using all on 6 immediate placement and loading protocols with successful outcome after 2 years follow up.
C-Shaped canal system - A Case report
Authors: Singh Raju Rajender , Mangat Panna , Azhar Saleem , Sana  
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
C-shaped canals are anatomic variants in root canal morphology. This c-shaped configuration should be diagnosed earliest as it influences the management of such cases more efficiently. They pose challenges in shaping, cleaning and obturating protocols. We require a file system which can contact and shape all possible surfaces of the c-shaped canal. Some of these file systems are XP-endo shaper files (FKG), SAF (ReDent NOVA). For cleaning, advocated systems are XP- endo finisher files (FKG), SAF, ultrasonic files like irrisafe, sonic files (endo-activator), endo-vac system. 3-D obturation should be done wih downpack and backfill technique (warm vertical or continuous wave of compaction)
Microbial Adherence of three different suture materials in patients undergoing periodontal flap surgery. A clinical & microbiological study
Authors: Singh Pranav Kumar , Narayan Sarita Joshi , Narayan TV , Yadalam Umesh , Raghava Vijay , Singh Indu 
Published: October 2020

proliferation of microbes to the parts open to the oral cavity. Hence, microbial colonization on various intraoral suture materials from patients undergoing periodontal flap surgery and its impact on healing of gingival tissues was
compared.
Patients and Methods: During periodontal flap surgery, three different suture materials (silk, polyamide, & vicryl) were used in 25 patients. Eight days postoperatively, the sutures were removed, and adhered micro-organisms were counted by culturing on nutrient agar.
Additionally clinical parameters, bleeding on probing and papillary position to assess healing were recorded to baseline, at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks.
Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Mean CFU’s for silk, polyamide and vicryl sutures were 6.239 ±1.476 X 108, 2.425 ± 1.010 X 108, 4.431 ± 1.069 X 108.
There was no inter-group statistical difference in the clinical parameters i.e. bleeding on probing, papillary position at all time periods (p>0.05).
There was a significant statistical improvement in bleeding on probing in all the three groups from base line (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrated that bacteria have different affinity towards different suture materials. Monofilament polyamide suture adhered the least amount of bacteria, followed by multifilament vicryl suture, while silk adhered maximum amount of bacteria.
There was no statistically significant difference in the healing of gingival tissues in between all the three groups.
Keywords: Monofilament sutures, Multifilament sutures, Colony forming units, Periodontal flap surgery
Evaluation of apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation using Hand K file, Revo S, Protaper Next and Wave One file system: An in vitro study.
Authors: Akhtar Mohd Salman , Agarwal Ankit , Malick Mohammed Ayaz , Khan Sheeba , Yadav Sachin , Agarwal Sajal 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The key step during the root canal treatment is the biomechanical preparation of the infected root canals. This preparation may result in pushing the apical debris through the apical foramen into the periapical space leading to initiation of immunological response by the host leading to postoperative pain and discomfort. Therefore the aim of the study was to compare the apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation using Hand k file, Revo S, Protaper Next and Wave One file system.
Materials and Method: Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars with single canal were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 15) for instrumentation with four different files. Group 1: Hand k file, Group 2: Revo S file, Group 3: ProTaper Next, and Group 4: WaveOne single reciprocating file. Debris extruding during instrumentation were collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. These tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days and were then weighed to obtain the final weight, with the extruded debris. Weight of extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test.
Result: For intergroup comparison, significant differences were found for the debris extruded. Instrumentation with hand K files resulted in significantly more debris extrusion apically as compared to other three NiTi groups. Maximum debris extrusion was seen by Hand K file, followed by group 2(Revo S), then group 4(Wave One) and least by group 3(Protaper Next). However, there was no significant difference in debris extrusion amongst groups prepared with either NiTi rotary or reciprocating file systems.
Conclusion: The Pro Taper Next resulted in least debris extrusion when compared to Hand k file, reciprocating Wave One and rotary Revo S. However there was not a significant difference between all the NiTi rotary and reciprocating file system.
Keywords: Apical extrusion debris; Hand k file, instrumentation; ProTaper Next, RevoS and WaveOne.
Vital tooth bleaching- A case report
Authors: Chauhan Sana , Nagar Rohit , Azhar Saleem , Singh Rajendra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nothing could be more desirable than a sparkling white smile. A shining, beautiful smile has been a symbol of health & vitality since the centenary. Discoloration of a tooth is a common esthetic problem caused by either extrinsic or intrinsic factor. The normal color of tooth can be re-established by decolorizing the stain with the powerful oxidizing agent such as 35 percent hydrogen peroxide, which is directly placed on the labial surface of the tooth to be treated. Dental bleaching offers a conservative & simplified approach to change the color of discolored teeth. This case report reflects the remarkable change of tooth color by in-office bleaching.
Formation pathway of norsethite dominated by solution chemistry under ambient conditions
Authors: Zhang Yi-Fan , Yao Qi-Zhi , Qian Fei-Jin , Li Han , Zhou Gen-Tao , Fu Sheng-Quan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recently dolomite analogs, including norsethite, kutnahorite, and PbMg(CO3)2, etc., have attracted much attention due to their dolomite-like crystallographic structure and the resulting potential in solving “dolomite problem.” Previous studies indicate that mechanisms that underlie the formation of norsethite exhibit some similarities to pathways of dolomite crystallization. However, the crystallization behavior of norsethite is still poorly understood, and the physicochemical factors regulating the process are not yet fully established. Herein, to determine the relationships between solution chemistry and formation pathway of norsethite, a series of experiments for the synthesis of norsethite from the solutions with different concentrations of Mg2+ and Ba2+ by a CO2 gas-diffusion method was carried out under ambient conditions. The morphology and phase composition of the products were investigated by a range of techniques, including XRD, FESEM, micro-Raman, and FTIR techniques. ICP-AES was used to monitor the evolution of the concentrations of Mg2+ and Ba2+ in the mineralization solutions. Our observations suggest that the formation pathway of norsethite strongly depends on Mg/Ba ratio in solution, and pure norsethite can directly crystallize from the solutions with Mg/Ba ratio ranging in 20–40. This is the first time to report the direct precipitation of dolomite analogs at ambient temperatures. It suggests that direct precipitation is a feasible pathway for cation ordering structure formation under ambient conditions.
Targeting mixtures of jarosite and clay minerals for Mars exploration
Authors: Hinman Nancy W. , Bishop Janice L. , Gulick Virginia C. , Dettmann J. Michelle Kotler , Morkner Paige , Berlanga Genesis , Henneberger Ruth M. , Bergquist Peter , Richardson Charles Doc , Walter Malcolm R. , MacKenzie Lindsay A. , Anitori Roberto P. , Scott Jill R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTerrestrial thermal environments can serve as analogs for subsurface environments in the search for life because they regularly host microbial communities, which may leave behind biosignatures. This study focused on an acid-sulfate hydrothermal site as an analog for a potentially habitable environment on Mars. A weathered boulder in the thermal area was dissected, revealing an interior marked with disconnected horizons of differently colored materials, very low pH, and increasing temperature. The mineralogy comprised weathering products from andesite (kaolinite, quartz, clinoptilolite) along with sulfate salts (alunite, jarosite, tschermigite, and copiapite) formed by oxidation of sulfide and ferrous iron. Characterization of organic matter in this boulder and several soil samples yielded interesting but surprising results. Both mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy identified organic compounds in portions of the soils and the boulder. Jarosite-associated samples showed more numerous and diverse organic signatures than did Al-bearing silicate samples, despite the lower total organic carbon content of the jarosite-associated soils (0.69 ± 0.07 wt% Corg) compared to the Al-bearing samples (1.28 ± 0.13 wt% Corg). Results from our geochemical, mineralogical, and spectroscopic study of hydrothermal alteration products and salts inform the heterogeneous distribution of inorganic and organic materials that could delineate habitats and demonstrate the limits on organic matter detectability using different analytical techniques. Furthermore, we relate our measurements and results directly to current and upcoming martian missions, and we provide recommendations for detection and characterization of minerals and organics as biosignatures on Mars using instruments on future missions.
Evaluating the hydrologic and water quality performance of novel infiltrating wet retention ponds
Authors: Baird Joshua B. , Winston Ryan J. , Hunt William F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Wet retention ponds temporarily store and slowly release stormwater to mitigate peak flow rates and remove particulate-bound pollutants. However, with sandy underlying soils, wet retention ponds may provide additional benefits through infiltration, thereby recharging groundwater and supporting baseflow in streams. Current design guidance often requires lining wet ponds to prevent infiltration; however, modern stormwater management strategies recommend maximizing runoff volume reduction through infiltration. Two infiltrating wet retention ponds in Fayetteville, NC, USA, were monitored for one year to assess volume reduction, peak flow mitigation, and water quality. In some months, 100% of stormwater runoff infiltrated and evaporated, with cumulative annual volume reductions of 60 and 51% for the two ponds. For events up to 76 mm (equivalent to the local 1-yr, 24-hr storm), measured peak flow reductions were similar to those of typical (non-infiltrating) wet ponds (median 99% reduction). Dissolved nitrogen species, total and dissolved phosphorus, and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations were significantly reduced in both ponds; mean percent reductions were greater than 30% for each of these pollutants. Effluent concentrations were on par with typical (non-infiltrating) wet ponds previously monitored in North Carolina. Due to the aforementioned runoff reduction, nutrient and TSS loads were reduced by (at minimum) 35 and 67%, respectively. Infiltrating wet ponds were able to meet both peak flow and volume mitigation goals, suggesting that they could be a common tool in regions with sandy soils.
Characteristics of free and submerged hydraulic jumps over different macroroughnesses
Authors: Ghaderi Amir , Dasineh Mehdi , Aristodemo Francesco , Ghahramanzadeh Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present study deals with numerical simulations of the free and submerged hydraulic jumps over different shapes of roughness in various roughness arrangements and different Froude number conditions. The models were studied using three roughness shapes, i.e. triangular, square and semi-oval for 0.2 &lt; T/I &lt; 0.5, where T and I are height and distance of roughness, respectively. The results showed that the numerical model is fairly well able to simulate the free and submerged jump characteristics. The effect of roughness plays a role in the reduction of the relative maximum velocity which is greater in the submerged jump. The thickness of the boundary layer for both free and submerged jumps decreases with increasing the distance between the roughnesses. Triangular macroroughness has a significant effect on the length of the jump and shortest length with respect to the other shapes. The reduction in the submerged depth ratio and tailwater depth ratio depends mainly on the space of the roughnesses. The highest shear stress and energy loss in both jumps occur in a triangular macroroughness (TR) with T/I = 0.50 compared to other ratios and modes. The numerical results were compared with previous studies and relationships with good correlation coefficients were presented for the mentioned parameters.
Cost-benefit analysis of point-of-use devices for health risks reduction from pathogens in drinking water
Authors: Verhougstraete Marc , Reynolds Kelly A. , Pearce-Walker Jennifer , Gerba Charles 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicrobial contamination of drinking water post-municipal treatment is difficult to predict as a risk factor for human health. One method to reduce morbidity or mortality from unpredictable exposures is through point-of-use (POU) treatment devices. The goal of this project was to assess the cost-benefit of POU water treatment at the tap in terms of protection from microbes in drinking water. This project estimated: (1) incidence of acute illness (AI), sequela, and mortality associated with waterborne pathogens; (2) illness reduction rates from using POU devices; and (3) healthcare cost reductions associated with POU devices. Infection rates and costs associated with 10 of the most common waterborne pathogens were identified and used to calculate national annual costs. We estimated 9M AI, 0.6M sequela, and 1,400 mortality cases that occur annually in the USA from these pathogens. The greatest cost-benefit was seen when considering the totality of disease burden reduction (AI, sequela, and mortality) including all pathogens at a national level and applying a 35% infection reduction, resulting in a total cost per averted disease case of $1,815. This study suggests that it is cost-beneficial to prevent water-related illness using POU devices.
Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in anaerobically digested gelatin industry wastewater
Authors: Blanco G. C. , Stablein M. J. , Tommaso G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This work aimed to study the effect of using anaerobically digested gelatin industry wastewater as a culture medium for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae in bubble column photobioreactors (PBRs). Batch experiments were carried out to determine the growth kinetics by inoculating microalgae in wastewater prepared with different dilutions and supplemented with Bold's Basal Medium (BBM). From the values of the saturation constants (KS = 50.25 mgN-NH4+·L−1) and substrate inhibition (KI = 28.12 mgN-NH4+·L−1) obtained in the adjustment to the Andrews kinetic model (R2 = 0.817), the PBRs achieved specific maximum growth rates (μmax) of 0.343 d−1, biomass productivity of 0.141 g·L−1·d−1, lipid content of 12.45%, lipid productivity of 17.63 mg·L−1·d−1 and instantaneous ammoniacal nitrogen consumption rates of 20.06 and 14.22 mg·L−1·d−1. The addition of wastewater to the culture medium provided an increase in biomass productivity of 57.45% in relation to the negative control. The results obtained demonstrate the high efficiency of C. vulgaris in the removal of nitrogenous compounds and the potential of using anaerobically digested gelatin industry wastewater in the production of microalgae biomass.
The Problem of Regional Inequality in Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation
Authors: Bondarenko N. E. , Gubarev R. V. 
Published: October 2020

Today’s social and economic development of Russian regions is characterized by extreme unevenness and depends on many factors affecting the potential possibilities of the territory. Proceeding from this fact, the article studies key economic trends, which research theoretical foundations of regional growth and territorial development, reveals their main idea and identifies factors influencing the development of regions in order to use them in the analysis of Russian regional inequality. The authors investigate differentiation of Russian regions’ inequality by a number of social and economic parameters and distinguish groups of regions, which gives an opportunity to discover key factors of their development and find reasons for their backwardness. On the basis of the comparative analysis they came to the conclusion that territorial polarization of Russian regions goes on rising, mainly in wages, investment budget revenues, while investment concentration is still observed in regions with max competitive advantages, i. e. high agglomeration and rich in raw materials. According to the authors, these problems can be resolved by complex measures of state policy, which have both general regional and selective nature. For each group of regions lines of selective regional policy were put forward, which could effectively smooth regional disproportions and promote the development of economy as a whole.
Iontophoretic Mediated Intraarticular Delivery of Deformable Liposomes of Diclofenac Sodium
Authors: Vanaja Kenchappa , S. Salwa , Murthy S. Narasimha , Shivakumar H.N. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
Topical therapy is ineffective in case of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) as it is not able to maintain
therapeutic levels of drug in the affected joint due to its inability to surpass the dermal circulation and penetrate into deeper
tissues. One of the approaches to enhance deep tissue penetration of drugs is to increase drug delivery much above the dermal clearance. The objective of the present work was to formulate negatively charged deformable liposomes (DL) of diclofenac sodium (DS) using biosurfactants and target the same to the synovial fluid by application of iontophoresis.

Methods:
Deformable liposomes loaded with diclofenac sodium were formulated and characterized for surface morphology,
particle size distribution, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. In vitro permeation of the diclofenac from aqueous solution, conventional liposomes, and deformable liposomes under iontophoresis was performed using Franz diffusion cells and
compared to passive control. Intraarticular microdialysis was carried out to determine the time course of drug concentration
in the synovial fluid at the knee-joint region of hind limb in Sprague Dawley rats.

Results:
The vesicles were found to display a high entrapment (> 60%) and possess a negative zeta
potential lower than -30 mV. The size of the vesicles was varied from 112.41 ± 1.42 nm and 154.6
± 3.22 nm, demonstrated good stability on the application of iontophoresis. The iontophoretic flux
values for the DS aqueous solution, conventional liposomes and deformable liposomal formulation
were found to be 7.55 ± 0.42, 16.75±1.77and 44.01 ± 3.47 μg/ cm2 h-1, respectively. Deformable liposomes
were found to display an enhancement of 5.83 fold compared to passive control. Iontophoresis
was found to enhance the availability of DS deformable liposomes (0.56 ± 0.08 μg.h/ml)
in the synovial fluid by nearly 2-fold over passive delivery (0.29 ± 0.05 μg.h/ml).

Conclusions:
Results obtained indicate that iontophoretic mediated transport of deformable liposomes could improve the
regional bioavailability of diclofenac sodium to the synovial joints, an efficient mode for treating MSD in elderly.
Aortic Dissection: A Review of the Pathophysiology, Management and Prospective Advances
Authors: Sayed Ahmed , Munir Malak , Bahbah Eshak I. 
Published: October 2020

:
Aortic dissection is an emergent medical condition, generally affecting the elderly, characterized
by a separation of the aortic wall layers and subsequent creation of a pseudolumen that
may compress the true aortic lumen. Predisposing factors mediate their risk by either increasing tension
on the wall or by causing structural degeneration. They include hypertension, atherosclerosis,
and a number of connective tissue diseases. If it goes undetected, aortic dissection carries a significant
mortality risk; therefore, a high degree of clinical suspicion and a prompt diagnosis are required
to maximize survival chances. Imaging methods, most commonly a CT scan, are essential
for diagnosis; however, several studies have also investigated the effect of several biomarkers to
aid in the detection of the condition. The choice of intervention varies depending on the type of dissection,
with open surgical repair remaining of choice in those with type. In dissections, however,
the role of conventional open surgery has considerably diminished in complicated type B dissections,
with endovascular repair, a much less invasive technique, proving to be more effective. In uncomplicated
type B dissections, where medical choice reigned supreme as the optimal intervention,
endovascular repair is being explored as a viable option which may reduce long- term mortality outcomes,
although the ideal intervention in this situation is far from settled.