bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative splicing of MR1 regulates antigen presentation to MAIT cells
Authors: Narayanan Gitanjali A. , Nellore Abhinav , Tran Jessica , Worley Aneta H. , Meermeier Erin W. , Karamooz Elham , Huber Megan E. , Kurapova Regina , Tafesse Fikadu G. , Harriff Melanie J. , Lewinsohn David M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells can sense intracellular infection by a broad array of pathogens. These cells are activated upon encountering microbial antigen(s) displayed by MR1 on the surface of an infected cell. Human MR1 undergoes alternative splicing. The full-length isoform, MR1A, can activate MAIT cells, while the function of the isoforms, MR1B and MR1C, are incompletely understood. In this report, we sought to characterize the expression and function of these splice variants. Using a transcriptomic analysis in conjunction with qPCR, we find that that MR1A and MR1B transcripts are widely expressed. However only MR1A can present mycobacterial antigen to MAIT cells. Coexpression of MR1B with MR1A decreases MAIT cell activation following bacterial infection. Additionally, expression of MR1B prior to MR1A lowers total MR1A abundance, suggesting competition between MR1A and MR1B for either ligands or chaperones required for folding and/or trafficking. Finally, we evaluated CD4/CD8 double positive thymocytes expressing surface MR1. Here, we find that relative expression ofMR1A/MR1Btranscript is associated with the prevalence of MR1 + CD4/CD8 cells in the thymus. Our results suggest alternative splicing of MR1 represents a means of regulating MAIT activation in response to microbial ligand(s).
Melt crystallization mechanism analyzed with dimensional reduction of high-dimensional data representing distribution function geometries
Authors: Nada Hiroki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMelt crystallization is essential to many industrial processes, including semiconductor, ice, and food manufacturing. Nevertheless, our understanding of the melt crystallization mechanism remains poor. This is because the molecular-scale structures of melts are difficult to clarify experimentally. Computer simulations, such as molecular dynamics (MD), are often used to investigate melt structures. However, the time evolution of the structural order in a melt during crystallization must be analyzed properly. In this study, dimensional reduction (DR), which is an unsupervised machine learning technique, is used to evaluate the time evolution of structural order. The DR is performed for high-dimensional data representing an atom–atom pair distribution function and the distribution function of the angle formed by three nearest neighboring atoms at each period during crystallization, which are obtained by an MD simulation of a supercooled Lennard–Jones melt. The results indicate that crystallization occurs via the following activation processes: nucleation of a crystal with a distorted structure and reconstruction of the crystal to a more stable structure. The time evolution of the local structures during crystallization is also evaluated with this method. The present method can be applied to studies of the mechanism of crystallization from a disordered system for real materials, even for complicated multicomponent materials.
Differential experiences of embodiment between body-powered and myoelectric prosthesis users
Authors: Engdahl Susannah M. , Meehan Sean K. , Gates Deanna H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProsthesis embodiment, the perception of a prosthesis as part of one’s body, may be an important component of functional recovery for individuals with upper limb absence. This work determined whether embodiment differs between body-powered and myoelectric prosthesis users. In a sample of nine individuals with transradial limb absence, embodiment was quantified using a survey regarding prosthesis ownership and agency. The extent to which the prosthesis affected the body schema, the representation of the body’s dimensions, was assessed using limb length estimation. Because body-powered prostheses offer proprioceptive feedback that myoelectric prostheses do not, it was hypothesized that both measures would reveal stronger embodiment of body-powered prostheses. However, our results did not show differences across the two prosthesis designs. Instead, body schema was influenced by several patient-specific characteristics, including the cause of limb absence (acquired or congenital) and hours of daily prosthesis wear. These results indicate that regular prosthesis wear and embodiment are connected, regardless of the actual prosthesis design. Identifying whether embodiment is a direct consequence of regular prosthesis use would offer insight on how individuals with limb absence could modify their behavior to more fully embody their prosthesis.
Digestive activity and organic compounds of Nezara viridula watery saliva induce defensive soybean seed responses
Authors: Giacometti Romina , Jacobi Vanesa , Kronberg Florencia , Panagos Charalampos , Edison Arthur S. , Zavala Jorge A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe stink bug Nezara viridula is one of the most threatening pests for agriculture in North and South America, and its oral secretion may be responsible for the damage it causes in soybean (Glycine max) crop. The high level of injury to seeds caused by pentatomids is related to their feeding behavior, morphology of mouth parts, and saliva, though information on the specific composition of the oral secretion is scarce. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the biochemical damage produced by herbivory to developing soybean seeds. We measured metabolites and proteins to profile the insect saliva in order to understand the dynamics of soybean-herbivore interactions. We describe the mouth parts of N. viridula and the presence of metabolites, proteins and active enzymes in the watery saliva that could be involved in seed cell wall modification, thus triggering plant defenses against herbivory. We did not detect proteins from bacteria, yeasts, or soybean in the oral secretion after feeding. These results suggest that the digestive activity and organic compounds of watery saliva may elicit a plant self-protection response. This study adds to our understanding of stink bug saliva plasticity and its role in the struggle against soybean defenses.
Hyperspectral evaluation of hepatic oxygenation in a model of total vs. arterial liver ischaemia
Authors: Felli Eric , Al-Taher Mahdi , Collins Toby , Baiocchini Andrea , Felli Emanuele , Barberio Manuel , Ettorre Giuseppe Maria , Mutter Didier , Lindner Veronique , Hostettler Alexandre , Gioux Sylvain , Schuster Catherine , Marescaux Jacques , Diana Michele 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLiver ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a dreaded pathophysiological complication which may lead to an impaired liver function. The level of oxygen hypoperfusion affects the level of cellular damage during the reperfusion phase. Consequently, intraoperative localisation and quantification of oxygen impairment would help in the early detection of liver ischaemia. To date, there is no real-time, non-invasive, and intraoperative tool which can compute an organ oxygenation map, quantify and discriminate different types of vascular occlusions intraoperatively. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-invasive optical methodology which can quantify tissue oxygenation and which has recently been applied to the medical field. A hyperspectral camera detects the relative reflectance of a tissue in the range of 500 to 1000 nm, allowing the quantification of organic compounds such as oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin at different depths. Here, we show the first comparative study of liver oxygenation by means of HSI quantification in a model of total vascular inflow occlusion (VIO) vs. hepatic artery occlusion (HAO), correlating optical properties with capillary lactate and histopathological evaluation. We found that liver HSI could discriminate between VIO and HAO. These results were confirmed via cross-validation of HSI which detected and quantified intestinal congestion in VIO. A significant correlation between the near-infrared spectra and capillary lactate was found (r = − 0.8645, p = 0.0003 VIO, r = − 0.7113, p = 0.0120 HAO). Finally, a statistically significant negative correlation was found between the histology score and the near-infrared parameter index (NIR) (r = − 0.88, p = 0.004). We infer that HSI, by predicting capillary lactates and the histopathological score, would be a suitable non-invasive tool for intraoperative liver perfusion assessment.
Omental macrophages secrete chemokine ligands that promote ovarian cancer colonization of the omentum via CCR1
Authors: Krishnan Venkatesh , Tallapragada Supreeti , Schaar Bruce , Kamat Kalika , Chanana Anita M. , Zhang Yue , Patel Sonia , Parkash Vinita , Rinker-Schaeffer Carrie , Folkins Ann K. , Rankin Erinn B. , Dorigo Oliver 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe omentum is the most common site of ovarian cancer metastasis. Immune cell clusters called milky spots are found throughout the omentum. It is however unknown if these immune cells contribute to ovarian cancer metastasis. Here we report that omental macrophages promote the migration and colonization of ovarian cancer cells to the omentum through the secretion of chemokine ligands that interact with chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1). We found that depletion of macrophages reduces ovarian cancer colonization of the omentum. RNA-sequencing of macrophages isolated from mouse omentum and mesenteric adipose tissue revealed a specific enrichment of chemokine ligand CCL6 in omental macrophages. CCL6 and the human homolog CCL23 were both necessary and sufficient to promote ovarian cancer migration by activating ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways. Importantly, inhibition of CCR1 reduced ovarian cancer colonization. These findings demonstrate a critical mechanism of omental macrophage induced colonization by ovarian cancer cells via CCR1 signaling.
Cross-diffusion induced patterns for a single-step enzymatic reaction
Authors: Giunta Giovanni , Seyed-Allaei Hamid , Gerland Ulrich 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral different enzymes display an apparent diffusion coefficient that increases with the concentration of their substrate. Moreover, their motion becomes directed in substrate gradients. Currently, there are several competing models for these transport dynamics. Here, we use mathematical modeling and numerical simulations to analyze whether the enzymatic reactions can generate a significant feedback from enzyme transport onto the substrate profile. We find that this feedback can generate spontaneous spatial patterns in the enzyme distribution, with just a single-step catalytic reaction. However, patterns are formed only for a subclass of transport models. For such models, nonspecific repulsive interactions between the enzyme and the substrate, or attractive interactions between the enzyme and the product, cause the enzyme to accumulate in regions of low substrate concentration. Reactions then amplify local substrate and product fluctuations, causing enzymes to further accumulate where substrate is low. Experimental analysis of this pattern formation process could discriminate between different transport models.
Modern arsenotrophic microbial mats provide an analogue for life in the anoxic Archean
Authors: Visscher Pieter T. , Gallagher Kimberley L. , Bouton Anthony , Farias Maria E. , Kurth Daniel , Sancho-Tomás Maria , Philippot Pascal , Somogyi Andrea , Medjoubi Kadda , Vennin Emmanuelle , Bourillot Raphaël , Walter Malcolm R. , Burns Brendan P. , Contreras Manuel , Dupraz Christophe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe earliest evidence of life captured in lithified microbial mats (microbialites) predates the onset of oxygen production and yet, modern oxygenic mats are often studied as analogs based on their morphological similarity and their sedimentological and biogeochemical context. Despite their structural similarity to fossil microbialites, the presence of oxygen in most modern microbial mats disqualifies them as appropriate models for understanding early Earth conditions. Here we describe the geochemistry, element cycling and lithification potential of microbial mats that thrive under permanently anoxic conditions in arsenic laden, sulfidic waters feeding Laguna La Brava, a hypersaline lake in the Salar de Atacama of northern Chile. We propose that these anoxygenic, arsenosulfidic, phototrophic mats are a link to the Archean because of their distinctive metabolic adaptations to a reducing environment with extreme conditions of high UV, vast temperature fluctuations, and alkaline water inputs from combined meteoric and volcanic origin, reminiscent of early Earth.
Extendable topology of step‐up DC–DC converter with continuous input current for renewable energy applications
Authors: Sedaghati Farzad , Azizkandi Mahmoodreza Eskandarpour 
Published: September 2020

A single‐switch high boost DC–DC converter is introduced in this work. In the suggested topology, a voltage multiplier cell and three‐winding coupled inductor (CL) are integrated to obtain an ultra‐large conversion ratio. Using a passive clamp circuit and also, no requirement of larger duty cycle values enable the converter to have a very high voltage gain, low conduction loss, and reduced voltage stress of semiconductors. Moreover, the leakage inductance of the CL alleviated diodes reverse recovery problem. Some important merits include ultra‐high voltage gain, operating in low duty cycles, reduced voltage stress of semiconductors, continuous input current, high efficiency, and low turn ratio of the CL makes the introduced converter very suitable for renewable energy applications. Steady‐state analysis and operation principles of the presented topology are expressed completely in the study. Moreover, the theoretical efficiency analysis and design guidelines of the suggested configuration are presented. Also, the superiority of the presented topology over the state‐of‐the‐art similar DC–DC converters is demonstrated in the comparison study. Eventually, the validity of theoretical analysis is verified using experimental measurement results of the implemented prototype with a power rating of 240 W and an output voltage of 440 V.
Two stripped envelope supernovae with circumstellar interaction
Authors: Sollerman J. , Fransson C. , Barbarino C. , Fremling C. , Horesh A. , Kool E. , Schulze S. , Sfaradi I. , Yang S. , Bellm E. C. , Burruss R. , Cunningham V. , De K. , Drake A. J. , Golkhou V. Z. , Green D. A. , Kasliwal M. , Kulkarni S. , Kupfer T. , Laher R. R. , Masci F. J. , Rodriguez H. , Rusholme B. , Williams D. R. A. , Yan L. , Zolkower J. 
Published: September 2020

Context. We present observations of SN 2019tsf (ZTF19ackjszs) and SN 2019oys (ZTF19abucwzt). These two stripped envelope (SE) Type Ib supernovae (SNe) suddenly showed a (re-)brightening in their late light curves. We investigate this in the context of circumstellar material (CSM) interaction with previously ejected material, a phenomenon that is unusual among SE SNe.
Aims. We use our follow-up photometry and spectroscopy for these supernovae to demonstrate the presence of CSM interaction, estimate the properties of the CSM, and discuss why the signals are so different for the two objects.
Methods. We present and analyze observational data, consisting of optical light curves and spectra. For SN 2019oys, we also have detections in radio as well as limits from UV and X-rays.
Results. Both light curves show spectacular re-brightening after about 100 days. In the case of SN 2019tsf, the re-brightening is followed by a new period of decline, and the spectra never show signs of narrow emission lines that would indicate CSM interaction. On the contrary, SN 2019oys made a spectral makeover from a Type Ib to a spectrum clearly dominated by CSM interaction at the light curve brightening phase. Deep Keck spectra reveal a plethora of narrow high-ionization lines, including coronal lines, and the radio observations show strong emission.
Conclusions. The rather similar light curve behavior – with a late linear re-brightening – of these two Type Ib SE SNe indicate CSM interaction as the powering source. For SN 2019oys the evidence for a phase where the ejecta hit H-rich material, likely ejected from the progenitor star, is conspicuous. We observe strong narrow lines of H and He, but also a plethora of high-ionization lines, including coronal lines, revealing shock interaction. Spectral simulations of SN 2019oys show two distinct density components, one with density ≳109 cm−3, dominated by somewhat broader, low-ionization lines of H I, He I, Na I, and Ca II, and one with narrow, high-ionization lines at a density ∼106 cm−3. The former is strongly affected by electron scattering, while the latter is unaffected. The evidence for CSM interaction in SN 2019oys is corroborated by detections in radio. On the contrary, for SN 2019tsf, we find little evidence in the spectra for any CSM interaction.
Modified Kudo classification can improve accuracy of virtual chromoendoscopy with FICE in endoscopic surveillance of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Cassinotti Andrea , Fociani Paolo , Duca Piergiorgio , Nebuloni Manuela , Davies Sophia Elizabeth Campbell , Sampietro Gianluca , Buffoli Federico , Corona Alberto , Maconi Giovanni , Ardizzone Sandro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Virtual chromoendoscopy with Fuji Intelligent Color Enhancement (FICE) has never been studied in prospective trials of endoscopic surveillance for ulcerative colitis (UC). We compared FICE and white light endoscopy (WLE) in differentiation of visible lesions in UC.
Patients and methods In a prospective parallel study, we compared consecutive outpatients with UC submitted to surveillance colonoscopy with FICE or WLE. At least one visible polypoid or non-polypoid lesion for each patient was required. Random biopsies from normal mucosa, targeted biopsies or removal of suspected neoplastic lesions and targeted biopsies of unsuspected lesions were performed. In the FICE arm, neoplasia was suspected according to a modified Kudo classification (FICE-KUDO/inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]). Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR) and negative predictive value (NPV) were analyzed.
Results One hundred patients were submitted to FICE (n = 46) or WLE (n = 54). Twenty-two patients (11 in WLE, 11 in FICE) had a least one neoplastic lesion. No neoplasia was found in random biopsies. Among 275 lesions, 17 of 136 by FICE and 27 of 139 by WLE were suspected neoplasia, but 28 (14 in each arm) were true neoplastic lesions. The accuracy of FICE-KUDO/IBD vs WLE (per lesion) was: SE 93 % vs 64 % (P = 0.065), SP 97 % vs 86 % (P = 0.002), positive-LR 28.3 vs 4.5 (P = 0.001), negative-LR 0.07 vs 0.42 (P = 0.092), NPV 99 % vs 96 % (P = 0.083). FICE-KUDO/IBD detected more non-polypoid lesions than WLE (P = 0.016).
Conclusions Targeted biopsies of polypoid and non-polypoid lesions, using the modified Kudo classification with FICE are more accurate than WLE in UC surveillance.
Suture pattern does not influence outcomes of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty in obese patients
Authors: Espinet-Coll E. , Nebreda-Durán J. , Galvao-Neto M. , Bautista-Altamirano C. , Diaz-Galán P. , Gómez-Valero J. A. , Vila-Lolo C. , Guirola-Puche M. A. , Fernández-Huélamo A. , Bargalló-Carulla D. , Juan-Creix Comamala A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims ESG is an effective and safe medium-term procedure for obesity treatment. A variety of suture patterns have been reported. We aimed to compare whether there are differences in efficacy depending on suture pattern used.
Patients and methods Retrospective and comparative review of 5 years of prospectively collected data, including consecutive obese patients undergoing ESG at two collaborative centers. Primary outcomes included weight loss (mainly % total body weight loss [TBWL] and % exces weight loss [EWL]) at 12 months and safety profile. We compared them according to three suture patterns (transverse bilinear [TBp], longitudinal [Lp] and transverse monolinear [TMp]), and number of sutures (4 – 7) and stitches (< 25, 25 to 30 and > 30) applied. Evolution of major obesity-associated morbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), sleep obstructive apnea syndrome, and arthropathy) were also described.
Results 88 patients (mean age 46.1±12.3 years, 69.3 % female) underwent ESG. Mean body mass index (BMI) at baseline was 39.40 ± 4.69 kg/m². At 1 year, %TBWL was 17.36 ± 6.09 % (%EWL 46.41±20.6 %) with TBWL > 10 % in 95.5 % of patients (EWL > 25 % in 94.3 % of patients). According to pattern, there were no differences in %TBWL but there were in %EWL (43.7 ± 20.4 %, 59.8 ± 18.9 % and 45.4 ± 14.9 % in TBp, Lp and TMp patterns, respectively) (P = 0.034). No differences were found related to number of sutures (mean 5.2 ± 0.73, r = 4 – 7) or stitches (mean 27.4 ± 6.50, r = 18 – 50) applied. Forty-three of 72 (59.7 %) major comorbidities were resolved. No serious adverse events were observed with any pattern.
Conclusions ESG is an effective procedure at 12-month follow-up for weight loss and comorbidity resolution. All three analyzed patterns are safe and effective without differences in %TBWL, but there was a slight increase in %EWL in Lp, regardless of the number of sutures or stitches applied.
ESD with double-balloon endoluminal intervention platform versus standard ESD for management of colon polyps
Authors: Ismail Mohamed Saleh , Bahdi Firas , Mercado Michael Oliver , Habazi Randa , Alexander Angel , Prabhu Sahana , John Sharon , Kovvali Chandra , Othman Mohamed O. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with the double-balloon endoluminal intervention platform (DEIP) is a novel technique for removal of complex colon polyps (> 2 cm) or those located in anatomically difficult positions. DEIP helps create a therapeutic zone with improved visualization and stability, facilitating polyp removal. We aimed to compare the outcomes of DEIP with the conventional cap-assisted ESD (standard ESD) technique for colon polyp resection, in particular, the ability to complete the ESD procedure without resorting to hybrid ESD or piecemeal resection.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective cohort of all patients who underwent colon ESD in a single large tertiary referral center between September 2016 and October 2019. Information was collected on patient demographics and study outcomes including procedure time, rates of en bloc and curative resection, operative and postoperative complications. All patients were followed up for 1 month after the procedure.
Results 111 patients were included in the study (DEIP 60, standard ESD 51). There was no statistically significant difference between mean procedures time (± SD) in the two groups, mean (81.9 ± 35.4 min standard vs. 96.4 ± 42.2 min in DEIP). Mean polyp size (± SD) was similar between the two groups (7.6 ± 6.0 cm2 vs. 6.2 ± 5.5 cm2, P = .2). There were no significant differences in en bloc and curative resection rates or operative and postoperative complications between the two techniques.
Conclusion Procedure time was similar using both techniques. However, DEIP enabled the entire procedure to be performed using the ESD technique without resorting to snare resection, which may affect the en bloc and curative resection rate. There were no significant differences in en bloc and curative resection rates between the two groups, probably due to the small sample size.