bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of congressional popularity on Instagram
Authors: O'Connell David 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper to understand why some members of Congress have more Instagram followers, and why some Congressional Instagram posts receive more likes and comments.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a content analysis of every Instagram post shared by all members of Congress who were seated for the first six months of the 115th Congress (17,811 posts in all). Information was collected at both the account level, as well as at the level of the individual post. Variables were then created to predict a member's followers and a post's likes and comments using a series of regression models.FindingsThis paper finds that factors capturing real world influence best explain why some members have more followers on Instagram. Senators, members who have served longer in office, past or future presidential candidates, Congressional leaders and ideological extremists all had significantly more followers. This paper also shows that personal content such as family photos, personal photos, selfies and pet photos produces significantly more user responses, while impersonal content like text based posts produces fewer.Practical implicationsThis paper offers a general understanding of how anyone might maximize their user engagement on Instagram.Originality/valueLittle published research has studied how politicians use Instagram. This paper expands previous work examining influence on Twitter and Facebook. Further, these findings shed light on broader issues, including how social media reinforces existing power biases, and on the increasing trend towards personalization in American politics.
Exploring the role of volunteers in social care for older adults
Authors: Cameron Ailsa , Johnson Eleanor K. , Willis Paul B. , Lloyd Liz , Smith Randall 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to report the findings of a study that explores the contribution volunteers make to social care for older adults, identifying lessons for the social care sector and policymakers.

Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory multiple case study design was used to capture the perspectives and experiences of managers of services, volunteer co-ordinators, volunteers, paid care staff and older people. Seven diverse social care organisations took part in the study drawn from three locations in the South West of England.

Findings
This study identified three distinct models of volunteer contribution to social care services for older people. Although the contributions made by volunteers to services are valued, the study drew attention to some of the challenges related to their involvement.

Research limitations/implications
The organisations taking part in this small-scale study were all based in the South West of England, and the findings are therefore not generalisable but contribute to the growing evidence base related to this important field.

Practical implications
This study demonstrates the importance of the volunteer co-ordinator role and suggests that it is properly funded and resourced. It also confirms the importance of volunteers receiving appropriate training and support.

Originality/value
Given the increasing involvement of volunteers in the provision of social care, this paper provides lessons to ensure the role of volunteers in social care enhances rather than diminishes the quality of care provided.
“Game playing” and “docility”: youth justice in question
Authors: Creaney Sean 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore young people's experiences of youth justice supervision with particular reference to the efficacy of participatory practices. This paper is based on findings from a study concerning the extent and nature of children’s participation in decision-making in youth justice. The paper uses Bourdieu’s concept of habitus, as a heuristic/practical device, to investigate children’s ability to express agency and shape or influence the content and format of interventions and approaches in youth justice.Design/methodology/approachThe researcher’s interest in understanding the perceptions and experiences of youth justice supervision led to the adoption of the qualitative approach and specifically in-depth interviews and participant observations. The researcher interviewed front-line professionals (n = 14), operational managers (n = 6) and children under youth justice supervision (n = 20). This study involved 15 months of fieldwork undertaken between 2016 and 2017 at a youth offending service in England.FindingsSeveral young people were seeking to exert minimal energy to achieve a type of passive compliance with court order requirements, adopting a “ready-to-conform” mindset. Professionals were concerned that they were also participating in this type of “game playing”.Practical implicationsA relationship-based practice that is conducive to meaningful participation can help to facilitate positive changes to lifestyles and circumstances. This paper exposes its pivotal role in bolstering children’s involvement in supervision, reducing passive compliance and preventing inauthentic transactional arrangements from forming.Originality/valueIn spite of the significant interest in the work of Pierre Bourdieu, his “thinking tools” have seldom been used to investigate the experiences, attitudes and behaviours of youth justice professionals and those under youth offending team supervision at.
Public procurement and competitiveness of women-owned businesses: a structural equation model (SEM) for gender-responsive procurement in Uganda
Authors: Oluka Pross Nagitta , Okoche Michael , Mugurusi Godfrey 
Published: July 2020

PurposeSeveral intergovernmental organizations claim that the involvement of women in public procurement has a direct impact on sustainable development and growth, especially in the developing world, yet we know very little of such claim. This study aims to empirically examine how public procurement can contribute to women empowerment by boosting the competitiveness of women-owned businesses (WOBs) in Uganda.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a cross-sectional survey method is used. Quantitative data were gathered from a sample of 371 respondents in Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and a section of women entrepreneurs in Uganda's capital Kampala. From the literature review, six hypotheses were formulated and tested using structural equation modelling (SEM). A research model is developed and presented.FindingsAll hypotheses, except for one, were supported. Procurement policy had a significant influence on evaluation criteria, contract management and most importantly, on the competitiveness of WOBs. Within the procurement process, evaluation criteria had a significant influence on the competitiveness of WOBs, while the influence of contract management on competitiveness of WOBs was not statistically significant. We, therefore, concluded that public procurement can indeed enhance women empowerment through a gender-responsive procurement policy. Above all, pre-contract award interventions such as streamlining evaluation criteria to ease access of WOBs to public procurement contracts seem have the most significant impact to competitiveness of WOBs compared to post-ward interventions during contract management.Originality/valueThis study offers a research-based model that articulates the role of procurement policy as an enabler for competitiveness of WOBs in developing countries. The model proposes a combination of both policy (a direct influence) and interventions in the supplier selection process (an indirect influence) to boost the competitiveness of WOBs.
Characterization of two relacidines belonging to a novel class of circular lipopeptides that act against Gram‐negative bacterial pathogens
Authors: Li Zhibo , Chakraborty Parichita , de Vries Reinder H. , Song Chunxu , Zhao Xinghong , Roelfes Gerard , Scheffers Dirk‐Jan , Kuipers Oscar P. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe development of sustainable agriculture and the increasing antibiotic resistance of human pathogens call for novel antimicrobial compounds. Here, we describe the extraction and characterization of a class of cationic circular lipopeptides, for which we propose the name relacidines, from the soil bacterium Brevibacillus laterosporus MG64. Relacidines are composed of a fatty acid side chain (4‐methylhexanoic acid) and 13 amino acid residues. A lactone ring is formed by the last five amino acid residues and three positively charged ornithines are located in the linear fragment. Relacidines selectively combat Gram‐negative pathogens, including phytopathogens and human pathogens. Further investigation of the mode of action revealed that relacidine B binds to the lipopolysaccharides but does not form pores in the cell membrane. We also provide proof to show that relacidine B does not affect the biosynthesis of the cell wall and RNA. Instead, it affects the oxidative phosphorylation process of cells and diminishes the biosynthesis of ATP. Transcription of relacidines is induced by plant pathogens, which strengthens the potential of B. laterosporus MG64 to be used as a biocontrol agent. Thus, we identified a new group of potent antibiotic compounds for combating Gram‐negative pathogens of plants or animals.
Cognitive dysfunction in Sjögren’s syndrome using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire and the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Riega‐Torres Janett Carmen Luzmila , Treviño‐Castro Mario Alberto , Hernandez‐Galarza Ivan de Jesus , Garza‐Martinez Mayra Judith , Vera‐Pineda Raymundo , Cardenas‐de la Garza Jesus Alberto , Rodriguez‐de la Garza Patricia , Skinner‐Taylor Cassandra Michele , Galarza‐Delgado Dionicio Angel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo describe the prevalence of cognitive impairment and the most affected cognitive domains, employing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) of a Latin American primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) cohort, and compare these patients to secondary Sjögren's syndrome (sSS) subjects and controls.MethodsThis was a comparative cross‐sectional study of patients with a diagnosis of pSS who fulfilled the American‐European Consensus Group 2002 criteria and/or American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2016 criteria; clinical information was evaluated prior to cognitive evaluation, which consisted of a single session in which the MoCA and ANAM were applied.ResultsA total of 122 subjects were included in the analysis (51 pSS, 20 sSS and 51 controls); mean age of pSS was 56 years (SD 10.4), of which 47 (92.15%) were women. Moderate‐severe cognitive impairment by MoCA was 17% in pSS, 5% in sSS, and 15% in controls, and by ANAM were 29% in pSS and 10% in sSS (P > .05). Visuospatial/executive subdomain in the MoCA was different between the pSS and the control group (P = .005). We encountered a statistically significant difference between pSS patients and control scores from the program in 6 of the 7 domains tested by the ANAM.ConclusionNo difference was found in the prevalence of cognitive impairment between pSS subjects and controls by MoCA. Several subdomain scores differed between groups in both scales. Evaluation of cognitive disorders in patients with SS, even in early stages of the disease, seems advisable but the best strategy is yet to be elucidated.
Supporting community‐dwelling older people with cognitive impairment to stay at home: A modelled cost analysis
Authors: Dyer Suzanne M. , Standfield Lachlan B. , Fairhall Nicola , Cameron Ian D. , Gresham Meredith , Brodaty Henry , Crotty Maria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo model the potential financial implications of Australian programs supporting cognitively impaired community‐dwelling older people.MethodsMarkov cohort models of (a) an observational study of a residential dyadic training program for carers and people with dementia (GTSAH) and (b) a frailty intervention (FIT) in a cognitively impaired subgroup. Direct health and social welfare costs accrued over 5 years (2018 $AUD prices) were captured. GTSAH costs $3755, FIT costs $1834, and permanent residential aged care (P‐RAC) costs $237 per day.ResultsModelling predicted costs break even in approximately 5 months for GTSAH and 7 months for FIT, after which these interventions saved funds. The primary driver of savings was the P‐RAC cost (discounted at 5%/annum), at $121 030 for GTSAH vs $231 193 for standard care; and $47 857 with FIT vs $111 359 for standard care.ConclusionsPrograms supporting cognitively impaired community‐dwelling older people could be financially beneficial; further evaluation and implementation would be a worthwhile investment.
Exhumed hydrocarbon traps in East Greenland: A comment on Andrews et al. (2020)
Authors: Christiansen Flemming G. , Bojesen‐Koefoed Jørgen A. , Piasecki Stefan , Stemmerik Lars , Therkelsen Jens 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn a recent study, Andrews et al. (2020) describe “exhumed hydrocarbon traps” in North‐East Greenland. The basic premise for their interpretation is that dark‐coloured, pyrobitumen‐bearing sandstones represent the remnants of once buried petroleum reservoirs. We do not see the necessary field or analytical evidence to support a model that has strong implications for resource evaluations. Andrews et al. (2020) have not considered previous published information on diagenetic and thermal maturity history of the area. A more probable model would include the intrusion of dykes and sills into a sedimentary succession with immature petroleum source rocks and reservoir‐quality sandstones. The heating caused rapid generation of petroleum components and local hydrothermal circulation systems in adjacent porous sandstones. Any petroleum was rapidly destroyed leaving essentially only black grain‐coatings and minor particles of pyrobitumen—essentially in one short‐lived continuous process. The existence of new plays in the North Atlantic as proposed by Andrews et al. (2020) is in our opinion not substantiated as this requires analytical data from unaltered oils from the less mature parts of the sedimentary succession and considerations of thermal maturity and basin evolution. To draw conclusions that have a serious impact on resource evaluations based on the dark colouration of sandstones without comprehensive analytical data is, in our opinion, ill advised.
An unusual case of prenatal diagnosis of right coronary artery to right ventricle fistula with HD‐flow render mode and spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC)
Authors: Li Tian‐gang , Ma Bin , Nie Fang , Peng Mei‐juan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoronary artery fistula is rare in prenatal diagnosis. We have reported a case diagnosis of coronary artery fistula by using high‐definition flow (HD‐flow) render mode and spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC), and then evaluated the postnatal outcomes in our hospital.
3D transesophageal echocardiography in TAVR
Authors: Bleakley Caroline , Monaghan Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecently, there has been an increasingly minimalistic approach to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), with most procedures now performed under conscious sedation without real time transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance. Proponents of echo should not feel discouraged by this; it is the initial insights that were gained with procedural TEE during the early years of TAVR that have allowed the procedure's gradual maturation and sophistication. Experienced centers that have promoted extensive TAVR TEE programs continue to maximize the benefits of echocardiography in both procedural planning and execution. Critical to this is the understanding of 3D TEE, allowing the annulus to be sized accurately, relevant neighboring anatomy defined, and complications flagged. This review will outline the current application of 3D TEE in TAVR and discuss challenges and opportunities for 3D echocardiography in this field.
Papillary muscles. Dark side of the heart: A simple approach for a forgotten structure
Authors: Diaz Babio Gonzalo , Vera Janavel Gustavo L. , Carrero Celeste , Masson Juarez Gerardo , Mezzadra María , Constantin Ivan , Garcia Botta Teresa , Stutzbach Pablo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTransthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is currently the election method for initial screening of left ventricular papillary muscles (PM). However, diagnosis of borderline PM hypertrophy with TTE is not always feasible due to cumbersome interpretation of different PM diameters and the absence of precise normal ranges in the literature. The objective of this study was to obtain TTE normal cutoff values and to describe convenient indexes of PM dimensions.MethodsHealthy volunteers with normal electrocardiogram were included for TTE assessment. Vertical (Vd) and horizontal (Hd) PM diameters were measured to obtain maximum diameter (Md) and areas of the anterolateral PM (APM) and posteromedial PM (PPM) to obtain PM total area (PMTA).ResultsA total of 82 patients were screened, and 6 (7.3%) with bifid PM were excluded from analysis. APM and PPM had similar Vd (APM: 8.3 ± 1.2, PPM: 7.9 ± 1.1 mm2, P = NS) and Hd (APM: 8.2 ± 1.3, PPM: 8.3 ± 1.2 mm2, P = NS). Finally, Md (9 ± 1.2 mm; P95 = 11 mm) and PMTA (106.5 ± 24.2 mm2; P95 = 150.8 mm2) were obtained. Correlation between PMTA and Md was positive (P < .001), and out‐of‐range values for Md and PMTA were similar (2.6% vs 5.3%); there was excellent agreement between both indexes (K = 0.82).ConclusionsMaximum diameter and PMTA are convenient indexes to describe PM dimensions. However, given the high equivalence between both indexes, we propose the use of Md due to its simplicity and ease of calculation. Our findings suggest that patients with any PM diameter ≥12 mm should be considered abnormal.
Enhanced psychostimulant response, but not social avoidance, depends on GluA1 AMPA receptors in VTA dopamine neurons following intermittent social defeat stress in rats
Authors: Rudolph Megan L. , Neve Racheal L. , Hammer Ronald P. , Nikulina Ella M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEvidence from both human and animal studies demonstrates the importance of social stress in the development of addiction‐related behaviour. In rats, intermittent social defeat stress causes long‐lasting psychostimulant cross‐sensitization. Our recent data reveal heightened expression of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) GluA1 subunit in rat ventral tegmental area (VTA), which occurs concurrently with social stress‐induced amphetamine (AMPH) cross‐sensitization. In addition, social stress in rats induced social avoidance behaviour. The present study evaluated the effects of intermittent social defeat stress on GluA1 expression in VTA dopamine (DA) neurons, then utilized Cre‐dependent virus‐mediated gene transfer to determine the functional role of homomeric GluA1‐AMPARs in these neurons. Social defeat stress exposure induced GluA1 expression in VTA DA neurons, as demonstrated by a greater density of GluA1/tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) double‐labelling in VTA neurons in stressed rats. Additionally, functional inactivation of VTA GluA1 AMPARs in DA neurons prevented stress‐induced cross‐sensitization, or augmented locomotor response to low dose AMPH challenge (1.0 mg/kg, i.p.), but had no effect on social stress‐induced social avoidance behaviour. Furthermore, wild‐type overexpression of GluA1 in VTA DA neurons had the opposite effect; locomotor‐activating effects of AMPH were significantly augmented, even in the absence of stress. Taken together, these results suggest that stress‐induced GluA1 expression in VTA DA neurons is necessary for psychostimulant cross‐sensitization, but not for social avoidance. This differential effect suggests that different neural pathways are implicated in these behaviours. These findings could lead to novel pharmacotherapies to help prevent stress‐induced susceptibility to substance abuse.
Multi‐site generalized dissimilarity modelling reveals drivers of species turnover in ectoparasite assemblages of small mammals across the northern and central Palaearctic
Authors: Krasnov Boris R. , Shenbrot Georgy I. , Vinarski Maxim M. , Korallo‐Vinarskaya Natalia P. , Khokhlova Irina S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimWe studied compositional turnover in two ectoparasite taxa asking whether (a) the main driver of turnover (environmental factors, host composition, or distance) is the same in both taxa; (b) the turnover of rare and widespread fleas and mites is driven by different factors; and (c) the turnover of either fleas or mites or both respond to the same environmental gradients as the turnover of their hosts.LocationNorthern and central Palaearctic.Time period1959–2004.Main taxa studiedFleas, gamasid mites, mammals.MethodsWe used data on fleas and mites collected from 30 and 20 regions, respectively, and applied a novel metric, zeta diversity, and a novel approach, multi‐site generalized dissimilarity modelling (MS‐GDM).ResultsIn fleas, variance explained by the models with host turnover as a predictor was higher than that of models with environment and distance or environment only. In mites, similar proportions of variance were explained by models with and without a host‐associated predictor. Host turnover strongly affected the compositional turnover of fleas, whereas mite turnover was equally influenced by host turnover and dissimilarity in air temperature. When host turnover was removed from the models, temperature became the most important predictor of turnover, followed by precipitation (for both taxa) and distance (for fleas). The effects of host turnover and environment were stronger for turnover of rare than widespread species. Temperature was the most important predictor of the host turnover independently of whether distance was included in the model.Main conclusionsWe conclude that the strength and manifestation of the effects of host compositional turnover as compared to environmental dissimilarity differ between ectoparasite taxa. Moreover, the application of MS‐GDM allowed us to reveal patterns that were obscured or distorted in earlier studies.
Long‐term storage of forage legumes greatly alters the hard seed breakdown pattern in situ
Authors: Harrison Robert J. , Howieson John G. , Yates Ron J. , Nutt Bradley J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKnowledge of the hard seed content of annual legumes, and its pattern of breakdown, is critical to the understanding of their ecology and management within farming and natural ecosystems. For logistical reasons, seed that has been stored for varying lengths of time is often used for pasture establishment and agronomy experiments. However, the implications of storage on hard seed physiology are unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of seed storage on its subsequent pattern of hard seed breakdown when exposed to field conditions. Experiments examined seed from six different annual legume cultivars that had been either produced the prior year or stored under ambient conditions for 11–22 years. Comparisons were then made between the two seed sources on hard seed breakdown patterns in situ. Although initial hard seed levels were mostly unaffected by storage (seed of five cultivars remained over 93% hard after more than 11 years of storage), the patterns of release from dormancy during exposure to hard seed breakdown conditions of stored seed differed greatly (p < .05) from freshly produced seed. Hard seed in the stored seed of most cultivars was reduced from >90% to <10% within 68 days over autumn, with shallow burial, whereas fresh seed remained >90% hard during the same period. Given this large and consistent impact, it is recommended that studies of the patterns of hard seed breakdown in legumes compare seed stored under consistent and well‐defined conditions.