bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal and Manufacturing Design Considerations for Silicon-Based Embedded Microchannel-Three-Dimensional Manifold Coolers—Part 2: Parametric Study of EMMCs for High Heat Flux (∼1 kW/cm2) Power Electronics Cooling
Authors: Jung Ki Wook , Hazra Sougata , Kwon Heungdong , Piazza Alisha , Jih Edward , Asheghi Mehdi , Gupta Man Prakash , Degner Michael , Goodson Kenneth E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Thermal management of power electronics modules is one of the limiting factors in the peak power capability of the traction inverter system and overall efficiency of the e-drive. Liquid cooling using embedded microchannels with a three-dimensional (3D)-manifold cooler (EMMC) is a promising technology capable of removing heat fluxes of &gt;1 kW/cm2 at tens of kPa pressure drop. In this work, we utilize computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to conduct a parametric study of selected EMMC designs to improve the thermofluidic performance for a 5 mm × 5 mm heated area with the applied heat flux of 800 W/cm2 using single-phase water as working fluid at inlet temperature of 25 °C. We implemented strategies such as: (i) symmetric distribution of manifold inlet/outlet conduits, (ii) reducing the thickness of cold-plate (CP) substrate, and (iii) increasing fluid–solid interfacial area in CP microchannels, which resulted in a reduction in thermal resistance from 0.1 for baseline design to 0.04 cm2 K/W, while the pressure drop increased from 8 to 37 kPa.
Tectonic geomorphology and Plio-Quaternary structural evolution of the Tuzgölü fault zone, Turkey: Implications for deformation in the interior of the Central Anatolian Plateau
Authors: Krystopowicz Neil J. , Schoenbohm Lindsay M. , Rimando Jeremy , Brocard Gilles , Rojay Bora 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSituated within the interior of the Central Anatolian Plateau (Turkey), the 200-km-long Tuzgölü extensional fault zone offers first-order constraints on the timing and pattern of regional deformation and uplift. In this study, we analyze the morphometrics of catchments along the Tuzgölü range-front fault and the parallel, basinward Hamzalı fault using a variety of measured morphometric indicators coupled with regional geomorphic observations and longitudinal profile analysis. In addition, we use field and remote mapping to constrain the geometry of two key marker beds, the Pliocene Kızılkaya ignimbrite and Kışladaǧ limestone, in order to investigate deformation in the footwall of the Tuzgölü fault zone. The marker beds form a broad arch along the footwall of the fault, with greatest cumulative displacement along the central part of the fault zone, suggesting early Pliocene extensional reactivation of the Tuzgölü fault with a typical fault-displacement profile. However, a change in deformation pattern is marked by transient knickpoints along river channels; morphometric indicators sensitive to shorter (1−3 Ma) time scales, including river steepness, basin elongation, and mountain front sinuosity, indicate an overall southeastward increase in footwall uplift rate of the Tuzgölü fault zone, which could reflect block rotation or interaction with the Hasan Dag volcano. Basin asymmetry and basin-fault azimuth measurements indicate north-northwest tilting of footwall catchments, which may be linked to regional tilting across the Central Anatolian Plateau interior. Varying patterns of spatial and temporal deformation along the length of the Tuzgölü fault zone are likely due to the interference of crustal- and lithospheric-scale processes, such as rotation of crustal blocks, extrusion of the Anatolian microplate, crustal heating, gravitational collapse associated with plateau uplift, and mantle-driven vertical displacements.
Radiofrequency denervation for chronic back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chappell Mary Elizabeth , Lakshman Raj , Trotter Patrick , Abrahams Mark , Lee Michael 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of radiofrequency denervation (RD) of lumbosacral anatomical targets for the management of chronic back pain.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsA database search (Medline, Medline in Process, Embase, CINHAL and the Cochrane library) was conducted from January 2014 to April 2019 for placebo or no-treatment controlled trials of RD for the management of chronic back pain. Included trials were quality assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool and the quality of outcomes assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate mean difference (MD) in post-treatment Pain Score.ResultsNineteen RCTs were included in the review. There appears to be short-term pain relief (1–3 months) provided by RD of the sacroiliac joint (five trials, MD −1.53, CI −2.62 to 0.45) and intervertebral discs (four trials, MD −0.98, CI −1.84 to 0.12), but the placebo effect is large and additional intervention effect size is small (<1 on an 11 point (0–10) Pain Scale). Longer-term effectiveness (>6 months) is uncertain.ConclusionsRD of selected lumbosacral targets appears to have a small, short-term, positive effect for the management of patients with chronic back pain. However, the quality of evidence for the majority of outcomes is low or very low quality and there is still a degree of uncertainty, particularly around the duration of effect.
Improving rates of metabolic monitoring on an inpatient psychiatric ward
Authors: Michael Sarah , MacDonald Kirsty 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of premature death in patients with mental illness. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of co-occurring cardiovascular risk factors, seen in high frequency in severe mental illness. Despite ease of diagnosis, monitoring is often poor across psychiatric populations. This report details a quality improvement initiative undertaken on an inpatient psychiatric ward to improve rates of metabolic monitoring.MethodsFour key interventions were developed: (1) A nurse-led intervention, where nurses were upskilled in performing metabolic monitoring, (2) Education was provided to all staff, (3) Introduction of a suite of interventions to improve metabolic risk and (4) Ongoing consumer involvement. A pre–post intervention study design was used to measure effectiveness, with an audit of metabolic monitoring rates performed 12 months after the intervention began.ResultsRates of weight and height monitoring both increased from 46.0% to 69.5% (p=0.0185) and body mass index (BMI) recordings increased from 33% to 63% (p=0.0031). Rates of waist circumference monitoring increased from 44.2% to 65.2% (p=0.0498). Blood pressure (BP) measurements increased from 88.5% to 100% (p=0.0188). Lipid monitoring rates improved from 23% to 69.5% (p=0.001). Rates of glucose monitoring increased from 74% to 82.5% (p=0.8256), although this was not statistically significant.ConclusionsWe found that metabolic monitoring improved following these simple interventions, with a statistically significant increase in measurement rates of weight, BP, height, lipids, BMI and waist circumference (p<0.05). Overall monitoring of glucose also improved, although not to significant levels. The intervention was acceptable to both patients and staff.
Brane cosmology and the self-tuning of the cosmological constant in the presence of bulk black holes
Authors: Betzios P. , Papadoulaki O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMotivated by the holographic self-tuning proposal of the cosmological constant, we generalize and study the cosmology of brane-worlds embedded in a higher-dimensional bulk black hole geometry. We describe the equations and matching conditions in the case of flat, spherical and hyperbolic slicing of the bulk geometry and find the conditions for the existence of a static solution. We solve the equations that govern dynamical geometries in the probe brane limit and we describe in detail the resulting brane-world cosmologies. Of particular interest are the properties of solutions when the brane-world approaches the black hole horizon. In this case the geometry induced on the brane is that of de Sitter, whose entropy and temperature is related to those of the higher dimensional bulk black hole.
Propagation of non-linear waves in hot, ideal, and non-extensive quark–gluon plasma
Authors: Bhattacharyya Trambak , Mukherjee Abhik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the propagation of energy density perturbation in a hot, ideal quark–gluon medium in which quarks and gluons follow the Tsallis-like momentum distributions. We have observed that a non-extensive MIT bag equation of state obtained with the help of the quantum Tsallis-like distributions gives rise to a breaking wave solution of the equation dictating the evolution of energy density perturbation. However, the breaking of waves is delayed when the value of the Tsallisqparameter and the Tsallis temperatureTare higher.
Asymmetry-Induced Dynamics for a Class of Diode-Based Chaotic Circuits: A Case Study
Authors: Kengne Léandre Kamdjeu , Kengne Jacques , Telem Nicole Adelaïde Kengnou , Pone Justin Roger Mboupda , Tagne Hervé Thierry Kamdem 
Published: July 2020

We consider the modeling and asymmetry-induced dynamics for a class of chaotic circuits sharing the same feature of an antiparallel diodes pair as the nonlinear component. The simple autonomous jerk circuit of [J. Kengne, Z. T. Njitacke, A. N. Nguomkam, M. T. Fouodji and H. B. Fotsin, Coexistence of multiple attractors and crisis route to chaos in a novel chaotic jerk circuit, Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos Appl. Sci. Eng. 26 (2016) 1650081] is used as the prototype. In contrast to current approaches where the diodes are assumed to be identical (and thus a perfect symmetric circuit), we examine the more realistic situation where the diodes have different electrical properties in spite of unavoidable scattering of parameters. In this case, the nonlinear component formed by the diodes pair displays an asymmetric current–voltage characteristic which induces asymmetry of the whole circuit. The model is described by a continuous-time 3D autonomous system (ODEs) with exponential nonlinearities. We examine the chaos mechanism with respect to system parameters both in the symmetric and asymmetric modes of operation by using bifurcation diagrams and phase space trajectory plots as the main indicators. Period doubling route to chaos, merging crisis, and multiple coexisting (i.e., two, four, or six) mutually symmetric attractors are reported in the symmetric mode of oscillation. In the asymmetric mode, several unusual nonlinear behaviors arise such as coexisting bifurcations, hysteresis, asymmetric double-band chaotic attractor, crisis, and coexisting multiple (i.e., two, three, four, or five) asymmetric attractors for some suitable ranges of parameters. Theoretical analyses and circuit experiments show a very good agreement. The results obtained in this work let us conjecture that chaotic circuits with antiparallel diodes pair are capable of much more complex dynamics than what is reported in the current literature and thus should be reconsidered accordingly in spite of the approach followed in this work.
Methylation of HSP70 Orchestrates Its Binding to and Stabilization of BCL2 mRNA and Renders Pancreatic Cancer Cells Resistant to Therapeutics
Authors: Wang Liang , Jia Zhiliang , Xie Dacheng , Zhao Tiansuo , Tan Zhi , Zhang Shuxing , Kong Fanyang , Wei Daoyan , Xie Keping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease owing to its intrinsic and acquired resistance to therapeutic modalities. The altered balance between pro- and antiapoptosis signals within cancer cells is critical to therapeutic resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying increased antiapoptosis signals remain poorly understood. In this study, we report that PRMT1 expression is increased in pancreatic cancer tissues and is associated with higher tumor grade, increased aggressiveness, and worse prognosis. PRMT1 overexpression increased arginine methylation of HSPs of 70 kDa (HSP70); this methylation enhanced HSP70 binding and stabilization of BCL2 mRNA through AU-rich elements in 3′-untranslated region and consequentially increased BCL2 protein expression and protected cancer cells from apoptosis induced by cellular stresses and therapeutics. RNA binding and regulation function of HSP70 was involved in pancreatic cancer drug resistance and was dependent on protein arginine methylation. These findings not only reveal a novel PRMT1–HSP70–BCL2 signaling axis that is crucial to pancreatic cancer cell survival and therapeutic resistance, but they also provide a proof of concept that targeted inhibition of this axis may represent a new therapeutic strategy.

Significance:
This study demonstrates that a PRMT1-mediated stabilization of BCL2 mRNA contributes to therapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer and that targeting this pathway could overcome said resistance.
Spatial Density and Distribution of Tumor-Associated Macrophages Predict Survival in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Weigert Andreas , Reu Simone , Guenther Stefan , Mansouri Siavash , Bassaly Birgit , Gattenlöhner Stefan , Grimminger Friedrich , Savai Pullamsetti Soni , Seeger Werner , Winter Hauke , Savai Rajkumar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The respective antitumoral and protumoral roles of M1 and M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) typify the complexity of macrophage function in cancer. In lung cancer, density and topology of distinct TAM phenotypes at the tumor center (TC) versus the invasive margin (IM) are largely unknown. Here, we investigated TAM subtype density and distribution between TC and IM in human lung cancer and TAM associations with overall survival. Macrophages isolated from adjacent nontumor tissue (NM), the TC (TC-TAM), and the IM (IM-TAM) were analyzed with RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Lung tumor tissue microarrays from 104 patient samples were constructed. M1 and M2 TAMs were identified using multiplex immunofluorescence staining and a tumor cell-TAM proximity analysis was performed. RNA-seq identified marked differences among NM, TC-TAM, and IM-TAM. On the basis of a panel of five selected markers (CD68, IL12, CCR7, CD163, and ALOX15), M2 predominance over M1 and M2 proximity to tumor cells was observed, especially at IM. Tumor cell proximity to TAM was linked with tumor cell survival and hypoxia was associated with accumulation of M2 TAM. Notably, lower density of M1 TC-TAM and higher proximity of tumor cells to M2 IM-TAM or lower proximity to M1 IM-TAM were linked with poor survival. In addition, three novel molecules (UBXN4, MFSD12, and ACTR6) from RNA-seq served as potential prognostic markers for lung cancer, and M2 predominance and juxtaposition of M2 TAM near tumor cells were associated with poor survival. Together, our results reveal the marked heterogeneity of TAM populations in different tumor regions, with M2 TAM predominance, particularly at IM.

Significance:
This study underlines the significance of the density, spatial distribution, and gene expression of TAM phenotypes as prognostic factors for overall survival in lung cancer.
Risk of Breast Cancer Associated with Estrogen DNA Adduct Biomarker
Authors: Reding Kerryn W. , Han Claire J. , Whittington Dale , Zahid Muhammad , Rogan Eleanor G. , Langford Dale , Rohan Thomas E. , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Cheng Ting-Yuan David , Barrington Wendy E. , Tinker Lesley F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
It is biologically plausible that genotoxic estrogens, namely estrogen DNA adducts (EDA), have a role in breast cancer development. Support comes from three prior studies that reported elevated concentrations of EDA relative to estrogen metabolites and conjugates (EDA:EMC) in women with breast cancer relative to control women.

Methods:
In postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), EDA:EMC in 191 controls was compared with findings in 194 prediagnosis urine samples from breast cancer cases. EDA:EMC determinations were by mass spectrometry as previously described, and logistic regression was employed to estimate ORs.

Results:
EDA:EMC did not differ in breast cancer cases compared with controls overall [0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.71–1.23)], with a mean (SD) of 2.3 (0.8) and 2.4 (1.1) in cases and controls, respectively. Similarly, the ratio did not differ when examined by estrogen receptor or recency of biospecimen collection prior to breast cancer.

Conclusions:
Despite the demonstrated genotoxic properties of certain catechol estrogens resulting in EDAs, this analysis did not provide evidence for an increased breast cancer risk in relation to an elevated EDA:EMC.

Impact:
This analysis, conducted prospectively within postmenopausal women in the WHI study, suggests that a strong association between EDA:EMC and breast cancer could be ruled out, as this study was powered to detect an OR of 2.2 or greater.
Genetic Determinants of Lung Cancer Prognosis in Never Smokers: A Pooled Analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium
Authors: Brhane Yonathan , Yang Ping , Christiani David C. , Liu Geoffrey , McLaughlin John R. , Brennan Paul , Shete Sanjay , Field John K. , Tardón Adonina , Kohno Takashi , Shiraishi Kouya , Matsuo Keitaro , Bossé Yohan , Amos Christopher I. , Hung Rayjean J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with 15% to 20% occurring in never smokers. To assess genetic determinants for prognosis among never smokers, we conducted a genome-wide investigation in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO).

Methods:
Genomic and clinical data from 1,569 never-smoking patients with lung cancer of European ancestry from 10 ILCCO studies were included. HRs and 95% confidence intervals of overall survival were estimated. We assessed whether the associations were mediated through mRNA expression–based 1,553 normal lung tissues from the lung expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) dataset and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). For cross-ethnicity generalization, we assessed the associations in a Japanese study (N = 887).

Results:
One locus at 13q22.2 was associated with lung adenocarcinoma survival at genome-wide level, with carriers of rs12875562-T allele exhibiting poor prognosis [HR = 1.71 (1.41–2.07), P = 3.60 × 10−8], and altered mRNA expression of LMO7DN in lung tissue (GTEx, P = 9.40 × 10−7; Lung eQTL dataset, P = 0.003). Furthermore, 2 of 11 independent loci that reached the suggestive significance level (P &lt; 10−6) were significant eQTL affecting mRNA expression of nearby genes in lung tissues, including CAPZB at 1p36.13 and UBAC1 at 9q34.3. One locus encoding NWD2/KIAA1239 at 4p14 showed associations in both European [HR = 0.50 (0.38–0.66), P = 6.92 × 10−7] and Japanese populations [HR = 0.79 (0.67–0.94), P = 0.007].

Conclusions:
Based on the largest genomic investigation on the lung cancer prognosis of never smokers to date, we observed that lung cancer prognosis is affected by inherited genetic variants.

Impact:
We identified one locus near LMO7DN at genome-wide level and several potential prognostic genes with cis-effect on mRNA expression. Further functional genomics work is required to understand their role in tumor progression.
Impact of Self‐Monitoring of Blood Pressure on Processes of Hypertension Care and Long‐Term Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Bryant Kelsey B. , Sheppard James P. , Ruiz‐Negrón Natalia , Kronish Ian M. , Fontil Valy , King Jordan B. , Pletcher Mark J. , Bibbins‐Domingo Kirsten , Moran Andrew E. , McManus Richard J. , Bellows Brandon K. 
Published: July 2020

Background
Self‐monitoring of blood pressure (SMBP) improves blood pressure (BP) outcomes at 12‐months, but information is lacking on how SMBP affects hypertension care processes and longer‐term BP outcomes.

Methods and Results
We pooled individual participant data from 4 randomized clinical trials of SMBP in the United Kingdom (combined n=2590) with varying intensities of support. Multivariable random effects regression was used to estimate the probability of antihypertensive intensification at 12 months for usual care versus SMBP. Using these data, we simulated 5‐year BP control rates using a validated mathematical model. Trial participants were mostly older adults (mean age 66.6 years, SD 9.5), male (53.9%), and predominantly white (95.6%); mean baseline BP was 151.8/85.0 mm Hg. Compared with usual care, the likelihood of antihypertensive intensification increased with both SMBP with feedback to patient or provider alone (odds ratio 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.6) and with telemonitoring or self‐management (3.3, 2.5–4.2). Over 5 years, we estimated 33.4% BP control (<140/90 mm Hg) with usual care (95% uncertainty interval 27.7%–39.4%). One year of SMBP with feedback to patient or provider alone achieved 33.9% (28.3%–40.3%) BP control and SMBP with telemonitoring or self‐management 39.0% (33.1%–45.2%) over 5 years. If SMBP interventions and associated BP control processes were extended to 5 years, BP control increased to 52.4% (45.4%–59.8 %) and 72.1% (66.5%–77.6%), respectively.

Conclusions
One year of SMBP plus telemonitoring or self‐management increases the likelihood of antihypertensive intensification and could improve BP control rates at 5 years; continuing SMBP for 5 years could further improve BP control.
Impact of Kidney Function on the Blood Proteome and on Protein Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Yang Joseph , Brody Edward N. , Murthy Ashwin C. , Mehler Robert E. , Weiss Sophie J. , DeLisle Robert K. , Ostroff Rachel , Williams Stephen A. , Ganz Peter 
Published: July 2020

Background

Chronic kidney disease (
CKD
) confers increased cardiovascular risk, not fully explained by traditional factors. Proteins regulate biological processes and inform the risk of diseases. Thus, in 938 patients with stable coronary heart disease from the Heart and Soul cohort, we quantified 1054 plasma proteins using modified aptamers (
SOMA
scan) to: (1) discern how reduced glomerular filtration influences the circulating proteome, (2) learn of the importance of kidney function to the prognostic information contained in recently identified protein cardiovascular risk biomarkers, and (3) identify novel and even unique cardiovascular risk biomarkers among individuals with
CKD
.

Methods and Results

Plasma protein levels were correlated to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using Spearman‐rank correlation coefficients. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between individual protein levels and the risk of the cardiovascular outcome (first among myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, or mortality). Seven hundred and nine (67.3%) plasma proteins correlated with
eGFR
at
P
<0.05 (ρ 0.06–0.74); 218 (20.7%) proteins correlated with
eGFR
moderately or strongly (ρ 0.2–0.74). Among the previously identified 196 protein cardiovascular biomarkers, just 87 remained prognostic after correction for
eGFR
. Among patients with
CKD
(
eGFR
<60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
), we identified 21 protein cardiovascular risk biomarkers of which 8 are unique to CKD.

Conclusions

CKD
broadly alters the composition of the circulating proteome. We describe protein biomarkers capable of predicting cardiovascular risk independently of glomerular filtration, and those that are prognostic of cardiovascular risk specifically in patients with
CKD
and even unique to patients with
CKD
.