bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term hypoxic atmosphere enhances the stemness, immunoregulatory functions, and therapeutic application of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Huang Qi-Ming , Zhuo You-Qiong , Duan Zhong-Xin , Long Yin-lin , Wang Jia-Nan , Zhang Zhou-hang , Fan Shao-Yong , Huang Yong-Ming , Deng Ke-Yu , Xin Hong-Bo 
Published: December 2024

AimsMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are usually cultured in a normoxic atmosphere (21%) in vitro, while the oxygen concentrations in human tissues and organs are 1% to 10% when the cells are transplanted in vivo. However, the impact of hypoxia on MSCs has not been deeply studied, especially its translational application.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated the characterizations of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in hypoxic (1%) and normoxic (21%) atmospheres with a long-term culture from primary to 30 generations, respectively. The comparison between both atmospheres systematically analyzed the biological functions of MSCs, mainly including stemness maintenance, immune regulation, and resistance to chondrocyte apoptosis, and studied their joint function and anti-inflammatory effects in osteoarthritis (OA) rats constructed by collagenase II.ResultsWe observed that long-term hypoxic culture surpassed normoxic atmosphere during hUC-MSCs culture in respect of promoting proliferation, anti-tumorigenicity, maintaining normal karyotype and stemness, inhibiting senescence, and improving immunoregulatory function and the role of anti-apoptosis in chondrocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the transplantation of long-term hypoxic hUC-MSCs (Hy-MSCs) had a better therapeutic effect on OA rats compared with the hUC-MSCs cultured in the normoxic atmosphere (No-MSCs) in terms of the improved function and swelling recovery in the joints, and substantially inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, which effectively alleviated cartilage damage by reducing the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13).ConclusionOur results demonstrate that Hy-MSCs possess immense potential for clinical applications via promoting stemness maintenance and enhancing immunoregulatory function.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(12):763–777.
Human papillomavirus genotype and cycle threshold value from self-samples and risk of high-grade cervical lesions: A post hoc analysis of a modified stepped-wedge implementation feasibility trial
Authors: Lei Jiayao , Cuschieri Kate , Patel Hasit , Lawrence Alexandra , Deats Katie ,   YouScreen trial team, Sasieni Peter , Lim Anita W. W. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing of self-collected vaginal samples has potential to improve coverage of cervical screening programmes, but current guidelines mostly require those HPV positive on a self-sample to attend for routine screening.

Methods and findings
A pragmatic modified stepped-wedge implementation feasibility trial was conducted at primary care practices in England. Individuals aged 25 to 64 years who were at least 6 months overdue for cervical screening could provide a self-collected sample. The primary outcomes included the monthly proportion of non-attenders screened, changes in coverage, and uptake within 90 days. Self-samples from 7,739 individuals were analysed using Roche Cobas 4800. Individuals with a positive self-sample were encouraged to attend clinical screening.
In this post hoc study of the trial, we related the HPV type (HPV16, HPV18, or other high-risk type) and cycle threshold (Ct) value on the self-sample to the results of clinician-collected sample and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). We wished to triage HPV–positive individuals to immediate colposcopy, clinician sampling, or 12-month recall depending on risk. A total of 1,001 women tested positive through self-samples, and 855 women who had both an HPV–positive self-sample and a subsequent clinician-sample were included in this study. Of these, 71 (8.3%) had CIN2+. Self-sample Ct values were highly predictive of HPV in the clinician sample. Combining HPV type and Ct value allowed stratification into 3 risk groups; 44/855 (5%) were high-risk of whom 43% (19/44, 95% confidence interval [29.7%, 57.8%]) had CIN2+. The majority (52.9%, 452/855) were low-risk, of whom 4% (18/452, 95% CI [2.5%, 6.2%]) had CIN2+. The main limitation of our study was the colposcopy assessment was restricted to individuals who had abnormal cytology after positive results of both self-sample and clinician-collected sample.

Conclusions
HPV type and Ct value on HPV–positive self-samples may be used for triage. The difference in the risk of CIN2+ in these groups appears sufficient to justify differential clinical management. A prospective study employing such triage to evaluate laboratory workflow, acceptability, and follow-up procedure and to optimise clinical performance seems warranted.

Trial Registration
ISRCTN12759467.
Pulpal response to partial pulpotomy versus full pulpotomy procedures in puppies: An experimental study
Authors: AlDhelai Thiyezen Abdullah , Alsughier Zeyad , Alotaiby Faraj , Alattas Mustafa Hussein , Javed Muhammad Qasim , Sadan Madeh , Salem Rania M. , Elkateb Mona A. 
Published: December 2024

Background
A Partial pulpotomy technique is an alternative choice of treatment for immature permanent teeth with exposed vital pulps. This study aimed to compare the histopathological pulpal response of the primary teeth of puppies after partial pulpotomy and full pulpotomy using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

Materials and methods
72 primary premolars from experimental puppies aged 6–8 weeks were equally divided into test and control groups, as MTA partial pulpotomy (MTA-PP) and MTA full pulpotomy (MTA-FP). After 60 days, the teeth were extracted and examined histologically. The specimens were assessing the extent and intensity of inflammatory response (acute or chronic), necrosis, fibrosis, calcific bridge (presence or absence), pulp calcification, and pathological root resorption.

Results
The Inflammation intensity was lower (2.8%) in MTA-PP than in MTA-FP (16.7%) (P = 0.004). MTA-FP also had a significantly higher percentage of localized (27.8%) and diffuse (11.1%) necrosis (P = 0.014), whereas both groups (P = 0.290) had an equal fibrosis degree. A calcific bridge was observed in 72.2% of cases. Meanwhile, pathological internal root resorption was more evident in MTA-FP (63.9%) than in MTA-PP (19.4%) (P <0.0001).

Conclusion
Partial MTA pulpotomy procedure demonstrated promising histological findings that can be applied to vital-pulp therapy in primary teeth.
Prevalence and genotypic distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) among ever-married women in coastal regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Chakraborty Snigdha , Nessa Ashrafun , Ferdous Noor-E , Rahman Mohammad Mosiur , Rashid Mohammad Harun Ur , Sonia Asma Akter , Islam Md Foyjul 
Published: December 2024

Background
Understanding the distribution of type specific human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in screen-detected lesions is crucial to differentiate women who are at a higher risk of developing cervical cancer. This study aimed to find out high-risk HPV genotype distribution among women of the coastal districts of Bangladesh.

Methods
This cross-sectional study conducted from January 2023 to December 2023 aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution patterns of high-risk HPV genotypes among ever-married women aged 30–60 years residing in three coastal districts of Bangladesh. Sampling was purposive, with 300 participants per district. Exclusion criteria included prior cervical precancer or cancer treatment, hysterectomy, cervical amputation, and pregnancy. HPV DNA specimens were collected and tested using Cobas 4800. Positive cases underwent further genotype analysis with GenoFlowTM HPV Array Test Kit. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS version 25.0, employing Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests.

Results
Among 900 participants HR-HPV prevalence was 2.56%. HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype (38.46%), followed by HPV 66 and HPV 68 (11.54% each). Single infections of HPV 16 predominated (39.13%), while for co-infections HPV 66 and HPV 68 were most common (13.04%). HR-HPV positivity increased with age, peaking at 5.5% in the 55–60 years’ age group. Participants education level, occupation, income, and reproductive history showed no significant association with HPV positivity. District-wise prevalence varied insignificantly, with Jhalokathi exhibiting the highest (3.0%), followed by Cox’s Bazar (2.7%), and Bagerhat (2.0%). HPV 16 was the predominant genotype across districts, with Cox’s Bazar and Jhalokathi demonstrating greater genotype diversity than Bagerhat.

Conclusion
The study concludes that among ever-married women in the coastal districts of Bangladesh, there is a low prevalence of high-risk HPV. The predominant high-risk HPV genotypes identified were HPV 16, followed by HPV 66 and 68. These findings hold significant implications for policy makers, providing guidance for targeted screening strategies and vaccination programs.
Racial differences and geographic variations in oral anticoagulation treatment among Medicare patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jackson Larry R. , Kang Amiee , Noxon Virginia , Atreja Nipun , Hines Dionne M. , Hagan Melissa , Jiang Jenny , Atwater Brett D. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Use of oral anticoagulants (OACs) for stroke reduction in atrial fibrillation (AF) varies by race and geography within the United States. We seek to better understand the relationship between OAC underutilization, race, and US geography.

Methods
Patients with AF were selected from the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims database from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016. The final population consisted of patients with 12 months of health plan enrollment before and after their index AF diagnosis, with a baseline CHAD2S2-VASc ≥2 and of either Black or White race (other races are underrepresented in the data). Among those with AF that met the inclusion criteria, patients who were prescribed warfarin or DOACs within 12 months after the index date were extracted. Each patient was assigned to a US county based on their 5-digit zip code and OAC use was stratified by race. Statistically significant differences were determined by student’s t-test and chi-square.

Results
Of the 2,390,830 final patients, 94.1% were White and 5.9% were Black patients. Mean (SD) age and HASBLED scores were 78 (9) and 3.9 (1.2) respectively, for Black patients and 80 (9) and 3.3 (1.2), respectively, for White patients (p<0.0001). The mean (SD) CHAD2S2-VASc scores were 4.5 (1.9) for White patients, and 5.3 (1.9) for Black patients with p<0.0001, respectively. Black patients (vs White patients) had a higher non-treatment (no DOAC or warfarin) rate (56.1% vs 47.4%, p<0.0001) across the US which was particularly notable in the southeast. In addition, treatment rates were highly variable within each US state. Counties with dense population more frequently demonstrated significant differences by race than counties with sparse population.

Conclusion
Our study showed differences in the use of OACs across US counties and among various racial groups. These disparities highlighted the areas of unmet need for both Black and White patients.
Individual and contextual factors associated with abortion among reproductive age women in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from 24 recent demographic and health surveys
Authors: Seifu Beminate Lemma , Tebeje Tsion Mulat , Asgedom Yordanos Sisay , Asmare Zufan Alamrie , Asebe Hiwot Altaye , Kase Bizunesh Fantahun , Shibeshi Abdu Hailu , Lombebo Afework Alemu , Sabo Kebede Gemeda , Wubshet Betel Zelalem , Fente Bezawit Melak , Mare Kusse Urmale 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Despite the Sustainable Development Goal to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030, abortion remains one of the top five causes of maternal mortality in low and middle-income countries. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the pooled prevalence and determinants of abortion in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the pooled prevalence and determinants of abortion among women of reproductive age in 24 SSA countries using the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys.

Methods
The most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 24 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries were analyzed, using a weighted sample of 392,332 women of reproductive age. To address the clustering effects inherent in DHS data and the binary nature of the outcome variable, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was employed. The results were reported as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to indicate statistical significance. Additionally, the model with the lowest deviance was identified as the best fit for the data.

Results
The pooled prevalence of abortion in SSA were 6.93% (95%CI: 5.38, 8.48). Older age (AOR = 3.71; 95%CI: 3.46, 3.98), ever married (AOR = 3.87; 95%CI: 3.66, 4.10), being educated (AOR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.28, 1.44), having formal employment (AOR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.16, 1.23), traditional contraceptive use (AOR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.19, 1.36) and media exposure (AOR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.32, 1.41) found to be a predisposing factors for abortion. While high parity (AOR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.68, 0.76), rural residence (AOR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.85, 0.91), and rich (AOR = 0.96; 95%CI: 0.93, 0.99) wealth index were a protective factors.

Conclusion
The study found that the pooled prevalence of abortion in Sub-Saharan Africa is 7%. Potential interventions include comprehensive sexual education to inform and empower women, increased access to modern contraceptives to reduce unintended pregnancies, improved healthcare services especially in rural areas, economic empowerment through education and employment opportunities, media campaigns to disseminate information and reduce stigma, and policy development to ensure safe and legal access to abortion services. These interventions aim to improve reproductive health outcomes and reduce unsafe abortions in SSA.
The choice of treatment and the motivations behind it impact clinical outcomes among patients with adequate control of their rheumatic disease: A real-life study
Authors: Contreras-Yáñez Irazú , Guaracha-Basáñez Guillermo A. , Padilla-Ortiz Diana , Franco-Mejía Laura L. , Vargas-Sánchez Laura V. , Jiménez-Decle Julia G. , Pascual-Ramos Virginia 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Many factors influence how doctors make treatment decisions. The study compares the outcomes of patients with rheumatic diseases and adequate control (AC) whose treating rheumatologists prescribed their first choice of treatment (FCHO) versus the second choice (SCHO) and the motivations behind them. It also investigates the motivations associated with FCHO.

Patients and methods
The study was conducted at an outpatient clinic from February 2023 to February 2024. Patients with an RMD diagnosis were identified using systematic sampling (P-1). After their consultation, their rheumatologists detailed their treatment choice (FCHO vs. SCHO), the motivations behind it, and the outcomes. In a subsample of patients from P-1 and AC (SubP-1), treating rheumatologists repeated the assessment of outcomes at the next scheduled consultation. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis were used.

Results
There were 703 patients enrolled (P-1), 543 (77.2%) had AC, and 292 (Subp-1) underwent a follow-up evaluation. In P-1 and subP-1, FCHO was prescribed to 644 (91.5%) and 269 (92.1%) patients.
Motivations related to evidence-based medicine and personal experience were more frequently referred to in FCHO. Concerns related to current or future drug shortages and a history of adverse events/intolerance were more frequent in SCHO.
In SubP-1, a higher proportion of patients remained in AC and experienced remission/ improved disease activity with FCHO. Patients who received FCHO experienced a greater risk for favorable outcomes.
The following motivations were associated with FCHO: “It aligns with guidelines”; “solid scientific evidence supporting the treatment effectiveness”; “I am concerned that the shortage of the drug may hinder the continuation of the treatment” and “history of adverse events or intolerance”.

Conclusions
Patients with AC of their underlying RMD, whose rheumatologists prescribed their FCHO, had better outcomes than those who were prescribed SCHO. Evidence-based motivations, rheumatologists´ concern of medication shortage, and patient-related motivations were associated with FCHO.
Blood transfusion service readiness and its associated factors in health facilities providing blood transfusion services across Ethiopia: A secondary analysis of the 2018 Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) survey
Authors: Fenta Tirualem Asmare , Tiruneh Gizachew Tadele , Ayele Nebiyou Fasil 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Timely and safe blood transfusion services are crucial for saving lives in emergencies. Previous studies have focused on hospital inpatient care access but have overlooked blood transfusion service readiness. This study examined the readiness of blood transfusion services in health facilities across Ethiopia and its determinants.

Methods
This study used Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) 2018 data from 632 facilities. Readiness was measured based on seven components: the presence of at least one trained staff for appropriate use of blood and safe transfusion; guidelines for appropriate use and transfusion; blood storage refrigerator; blood typing; cross-match typing; blood supply safety; and blood supply sufficiency. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Facility characteristics were summarized using frequency tables and summary statistics. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses examined the predictors of service readiness.

Results
Facilities offering blood transfusion services had a mean readiness score of 4.5 (out of 7), with only 5% having all items. Most facilities performed blood typing, but less than one-third conducted cross-match testing, and over half lacked guidelines and trained staff. Service readiness varied significantly across regions. Facilities in Oromia (Coef.: -0.74; 95% CI: [-1.32, -0.15]) and Somali (Coef.: -1.26; 95% CI: [-2.21, -0.31]) had lower readiness scores compared to Addis Ababa. Increased availability of medical equipment corresponded to a 49% increase in readiness scores (Coef.: 0.49; 95% CI: [0.19, 0.79]).

Conclusion
The study highlights deficiencies in blood transfusion service readiness and regional disparities, emphasizing the need for targeted support to enhance readiness across regions.
Lab-grown materials for architecture
Authors: Richter Stephan , Hussels Gideon , Simon-Meyer Tim 
Published: December 2024

The idea of architecture using bio-based materials that are produced on an industrial scale under laboratory conditions and can be customized at the molecular level still belongs to the realm of science fiction. However, with the publication of their findings on plant-based, lab-grown materials, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have recently shown that such a future is well and truly possible. Their long-term goal: customizable timber, grown in a lab. Based on current research results and discourse, this article examines the potential of lab-grown materials for tomorrow’s architecture and how they could influence the design process. It also identifies possible positive and negative environmental impacts and discusses the role that lab-grown materials could play in the context of a material transition toward bio-based, sustainable materials in the construction sector.
Seima-Turbino-type bronze spearheads from Xiawanggang in Xichuan and the implications for north-south cultural exchange
Authors: Wang Peng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Through typological analysis and pattern comparison, this study demonstrates that the Seima-Turbino-type bronze spearheads unearthed from the Xiawanggang site date roughly to the end of the third millennium BCE or the beginning of the second millennium BCE. Considering their similarities to the Okunev culture, the Shimao culture, and the iconography of the post-Shijiahe culture, this study suggests that the appearance of Seima-Turbino-type bronze spearheads in the Yangtze River valley resulted from north-south cultural exchange. Understanding this cultural exchange is significant for comprehending changes in China’s prehistoric cultural patterns during the Longshan-Erlitou culture period.
Experimental studies on coal mine over-burden incorporated concrete as a sustainable substitute for fine aggregate in concrete construction
Authors: Jena Biswajit , Zade Nikhil P. , Sarkar Pradip , Karak Swapan Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable construction has encouraged the exploration of utilizing industrial waste in cementitious materials, aiming to conserve natural resources and manage industrial waste efficiently. This study focuses on incorporating coal mine overburden (CMOB) as a substitute for natural fine aggregate in concrete mixes. The research systematically assesses concrete properties at curing ages of 28, 56, and 90 days. Laboratory tests are conducted to examine compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance of CMOB-incorporated concrete. Incorporating CMOB up to a 60 % replacement level enhances concrete strength, impact resistance, resistance to water penetrability, and microstructure. Optimal mechanical strength, enhanced impact resistance, and improved transport properties are achieved at this level, resulting in a 10–35 % increase in strength and a 13–29 % improvement in resistance to water penetrability compared to control concrete. Microstructural analysis indicates similarities in surface morphology and micro-cracks within the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) to normal concrete. Given the high water absorption of CMOB, the use of superplasticizers is advisable to maintain the desired workability. These findings support the practical utilization of CMOB in concrete applications, offering potential environmental and economic benefits.
Application of natural language processing for the recognition of obesity-related topics in the discourses of Argentine Twitter users
Authors: Haluszka Eugenia , Niclis Camila , Pareja Lora Antonio , Aballay Laura Rosana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The global burden of obesity has risen due to various factors, including sociocultural aspects. Social representations (SRs) of obesity could help to understand the problem. Nowadays, social networks activate new social interaction processes and enable the construction of SRs. Tweets can identify mind-sets as cultural reflections of the times. This study aimed to identify widely shared obesity topics on Twitter-Argentina using Natural Language Processing. First, 134,766 Spanish tweets about obesity were collected from August 2021 to July 2022. Next, a geolocation filter removed non-Argentinian messages, leaving 48,149 tweets. The body text was cleaned and prepared for analysis. K-means clustering model was applied and 21 clusters were identified after reaching theoretical saturation. Then, 10 tweets from each cluster were randomly selected to analyse word usage and identify cluster themes. Thus, the main themes were “Gender-related”, “Obesity and family”, “Hate speech and fatphobia”, “Body image, perceptions and feelings”, “Public health actions” and “Obesity as a health-disease process”. These aggregations allowed us to understand obesity as a sociocultural phenomenon, the Argentinian culture-specific discourses surrounding it, and their connections to health. We firmly believe that this valuable information will enlighten the planning of future social-political actions to address this health-disease process.