bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TrkA undergoes a tetramer-to-dimer conversion to open TrkH which enables changes in membrane potential
Authors: Zhang Hanzhi , Pan Yaping , Hu Liya , Hudson M. Ashley , Hofstetter Katrina S. , Xu Zhichun , Rong Mingqiang , Wang Zhao , Prasad B. V. Venkataram , Lockless Steve W. , Chiu Wah , Zhou Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTrkH is a bacterial ion channel implicated in K+ uptake and pH regulation. TrkH assembles with its regulatory protein, TrkA, which closes the channel when bound to ADP and opens it when bound to ATP. However, it is unknown how nucleotides control the gating of TrkH through TrkA. Here we report the structures of the TrkH-TrkA complex in the presence of ADP or ATP. TrkA forms a tetrameric ring when bound to ADP and constrains TrkH to a closed conformation. The TrkA ring splits into two TrkA dimers in the presence of ATP and releases the constraints on TrkH, resulting in an open channel conformation. Functional studies show that both the tetramer-to-dimer conversion of TrkA and the loss of constraints on TrkH are required for channel gating. In addition, deletion of TrkA in Escherichia coli depolarizes the cell, suggesting that the TrkH-TrkA complex couples changes in intracellular nucleotides to membrane potential.
Boosting the catalysis of gold by O2 activation at Au-SiO2 interface
Authors: Zhang Yunlai , Zhang Junying , Zhang Bingsen , Si Rui , Han Bing , Hong Feng , Niu Yiming , Sun Li , Li Lin , Qiao Botao , Sun Keju , Huang Jiahui , Haruta Masatake 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSupported gold (Au) nanocatalysts have attracted extensive interests in the past decades because of their unique catalytic properties for a number of key chemical reactions, especially in (selective) oxidations. The activation of O2 on Au nanocatalysts is crucial and remains a challenge because only small Au nanoparticles (NPs) can effectively activate O2. This severely limits their practical application because Au NPs inevitably sinter into larger ones during reaction due to their low Taman temperature. Here we construct a Au-SiO2 interface by depositing thin SiO2 layer onto Au/TiO2 and calcination at high temperatures and demonstrate that the interface can be not only highly sintering resistant but also extremely active for O2 activation. This work provides insights into the catalysis of Au nanocatalysts and paves a way for the design and development of highly active supported Au catalysts with excellent thermal stability.
Robust ultraclean atomically thin membranes for atomic-resolution electron microscopy
Authors: Zheng Liming , Chen Yanan , Li Ning , Zhang Jincan , Liu Nan , Liu Junjie , Dang Wenhui , Deng Bing , Li Yanbin , Gao Xiaoyin , Tan Congwei , Yang Zi , Xu Shipu , Wang Mingzhan , Yang Hao , Sun Luzhao , Cui Yi , Wei Xiaoding , Gao Peng , Wang Hong-Wei , Peng Hailin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe fast development of high-resolution electron microscopy (EM) demands a background-noise-free substrate to support the specimens, where atomically thin graphene membranes can serve as an ideal candidate. Yet the preparation of robust and ultraclean graphene EM grids remains challenging. Here we present a polymer- and transfer-free direct-etching method for batch fabrication of robust ultraclean graphene grids through membrane tension modulation. Loading samples on such graphene grids enables the detection of single metal atoms and atomic-resolution imaging of the iron core of ferritin molecules at both room- and cryo-temperature. The same kind of hydrophilic graphene grid allows the formation of ultrathin vitrified ice layer embedded most protein particles at the graphene-water interface, which facilitates cryo-EM 3D reconstruction of archaea 20S proteasomes at a record high resolution of ~2.36 Å. Our results demonstrate the significant improvements in image quality using the graphene grids and expand the scope of EM imaging.
Maternal preconception lipid profile and gestational lipid changes in relation to birthweight outcomes
Authors: Bever Alaina M. , Mumford Sunni L. , Schisterman Enrique F. , Sjaarda Lindsey , Perkins Neil J. , Gerlanc Nicole , DeVilbiss Elizabeth A. , Silver Robert M. , Kim Keewan , Nobles Carrie J. , Amyx Melissa M. , Levine Lindsay D. , Grantz Katherine L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn 575 women with 1–2 prior pregnancy losses; total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were evaluated preconception and throughout pregnancy to evaluate whether previously observed associations between third trimester maternal lipid profile and birthweight outcomes are driven by preconception lipids or lipid changes during pregnancy. Lipid trajectories were compared by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) <25 or ≥25 kg/m2; logistic regression models evaluated preconception lipid concentration and change from preconception to 28 weeks with adjusted odds of large- or small-for-gestational age (LGA or SGA) neonate by BMI group. Preconception lipid concentrations and gestational lipid trajectories varied by BMI group (P < 0.001). Preconception lipids were not associated with LGA or SGA in either group. A 10 mg/dL increase in HDL-C change from preconception to 28 weeks was associated with decreased odds of LGA (odds ratio (OR) = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46, 0.86) and 10 mg/dL increase in TG change associated with increased odds of LGA (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.1) overall. For ≥25 BMI only, 10 mg/dL increase in HDL-C change was associated with decreased SGA odds (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.64). Gestational lipid trajectories differed by BMI group and were differentially associated with birthweight outcomes, with HDL-C more strongly associated with healthy birthweight in women with BMI ≥25.
Molecular characterization and safety assessment of biofortified provitamin A rice
Authors: Oliva Norman , Florida Cueto-Reaño Maria , Trijatmiko Kurniawan R. , Samia Mercy , Welsch Ralf , Schaub Patrick , Beyer Peter , Mackenzie Donald , Boncodin Raul , Reinke Russell , Slamet-Loedin Inez , Mallikarjuna Swamy B. P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPart of the studies involved in safety assessment of genetically engineered crops includes characterizing the organization, integrity, and stability of the inserted DNA and evaluating the potential allergenicity and toxicity of newly-expressed proteins. Molecular characterization of the introduced DNA in provitamin A biofortified rice event GR2E confirmed insertion of a single copy of the transfer-DNA in the genome and its inheritance as a single locus. Nucleotide sequencing of the inserted DNA confirmed it was introduced without modifications. The phytoene synthase, and carotene desaturase proteins did not display sequence similarity with allergens or toxins. Both proteins were rapidly digested in simulated gastric fluid and their enzymatic activity was inhibited upon heat treatment. Acute oral toxicity testing of the protein in mice demonstrated lack of adverse effects. These evidences substantiated the lack of any identifiable hazards for both proteins and in combination with other existing comparative analyses provided assurance that food derived from this rice is safe. This conclusion is in line with those of the regulatory agencies of US Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada and Food Standard Australia and New Zealand.
Daily Satellite Observations of Methane from Oil and Gas Production Regions in the United States
Authors: de Gouw Joost A. , Veefkind J. Pepijn , Roosenbrand Esther , Dix Barbara , Lin John C. , Landgraf Jochen , Levelt Pieternel F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProduction of oil and natural gas in North America is at an all-time high due to the development and use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Methane emissions associated with this industrial activity are a concern because of the contribution to climate radiative forcing. We present new measurements from the space-based TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) launched in 2017 that show methane enhancements over production regions in the United States. In the Uintah Basin in Utah, TROPOMI methane columns correlated within-situmeasurements, and the highest columns were observed over the deepest parts of the basin, consistent with the accumulation of emissions underneath inversions. In the Permian Basin in Texas and New Mexico, methane columns showed maxima over regions with the highest natural gas production and were correlated with nitrogen-dioxide columns at a ratio that is consistent with results fromin-situairborne measurements. The improved detail provided by TROPOMI will likely enable the timely monitoring from space of methane emissions associated with oil and natural gas production.
Nutritional and antioxidant components and antioxidant capacity in green morph Amaranthus leafy vegetable
Authors: Sarker Umakanta , Hossain Md. Motaher , Oba Shinya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAmaranth has two morphological types described as red and green morphs. Previous studies have extensively characterised red morph amaranth regarding both morphological and chemical properties including antioxidant activity, antioxidant phytochemical profile, mineral content and proximate composition. However, there is scarce information concerning green morph amaranth. Hence, the present study evaluated 12 green morph genotypes for proximate composition, antioxidant activity, antioxidant pigments, minerals, and phytochemicals. Green morph amaranth was found to contain abundant carbohydrates, dietary fiber and protein. We found notable levels of inorganic minerals including potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc. Antioxidant capacity quantified as free radical quenching capacity varied between 27 and 48 μg g−1 Trolox equivalents. We additionally quantified antioxidants, including total phenolics, total flavonoid equivalents and vitamin C, as well as the antioxidant pigments carotenoids, chlorophylls and betalains. These data indicated that four green morph genotypes could be considered as enriched in their antioxidant profiles. Green morph amaranth could be a potential source of nutritional components and antioxidant phytochemicals in the human diet providing opportunities to address mineral nutrient deficiencies and provide an antioxidant rich food
Large deletions in immunoglobulin genes are associated with a sustained absence of DNA Polymerase η
Authors: Lerner Leticia K. , Nguyen Thuy V. , Castro Ligia P. , Vilar Juliana B. , Munford Veridiana , Le Guillou Morwenna , Mohammad Mahwish Mian , Vergé Véronique , Rosselli Filippo , Menck Carlos F. M. , Sarasin Alain , Aoufouchi Said 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSomatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes is a highly mutagenic process that is B cell-specific and occurs during antigen-driven responses leading to antigen specificity and antibody affinity maturation. Mutations at the Ig locus are initiated by Activation-Induced cytidine Deaminase and are equally distributed at G/C and A/T bases. This requires the establishment of error-prone repair pathways involving the activity of several low fidelity DNA polymerases. In the physiological context, the G/C base pair mutations involve multiple error-prone DNA polymerases, while the generation of mutations at A/T base pairs depends exclusively on the activity of DNA polymerase η. Using two large cohorts of individuals with xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V), we report that the pattern of mutations at Ig genes becomes highly enriched with large deletions. This observation is more striking for patients older than 50 years. We propose that the absence of Pol η allows the recruitment of other DNA polymerases that profoundly affect the Ig genomic landscape.
Hydrocarbon Lubricants Can Control Hydrogen Embrittlement
Authors: Ratoi Monica , Tanaka Hiroyoshi , Mellor Brian G. , Sugimura Joichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile it is well known that during RCF tests the formation of nascent catalytic sites on the wear track can break down hydrocarbon molecules to release atomic hydrogen, the potential of the hydrogen environment in fuel cells to hydrocrack the hydrocarbon lubricant in high pressure rolling contacts has so far been ignored. Here we investigate for the first time the ability of the hydrogen environment to generate a chemical tribofilm on the wear track most likely through lubricant hydrocracking, as compared with argon and air environments. Despite the ability of the hydrogen environment to generate a notably larger amount of atomic hydrogen, the chemical tribofilm significantly prevents the formation of atomic hydrogen and its subsequent diffusion through the lattice of steel rolling element bearings. This is of great importance in the lubrication of hydrogen technology and the prevention of Hydrogen embrittlement (HE). An investigation into the prospects of high energy micro-computed-tomography (Micro-CT) as a non-destructive technique for sub-surface damage characterisation in RCF was comparatively performed alongside traditional sectioning methods.
MBSP1: a biosurfactant protein derived from a metagenomic library with activity in oil degradation
Authors: Araújo Sinara Carla da Silva , Silva-Portela Rita C. B. , de Lima Daniel Chaves , da Fonsêca Marbella Maria Bernardes , Araújo Wydemberg J. , da Silva Uaska Bezerra , Napp Amanda P. , Pereira Evandro , Vainstein Marilene H. , Agnez-Lima Lucymara Fassarella 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicroorganisms represent the most abundant biomass on the planet; however, because of several cultivation technique limitations, most of this genetic patrimony has been inaccessible. Due to the advent of metagenomic methodologies, such limitations have been overcome. Prevailing over these limitations enabled the genetic pool of non-cultivable microorganisms to be exploited for improvements in the development of biotechnological products. By utilising a metagenomic approach, we identified a new gene related to biosurfactant production and hydrocarbon degradation. Environmental DNA was extracted from soil samples collected on the banks of the Jundiaí River (Natal, Brazil), and a metagenomic library was constructed. Functional screening identified the clone 3C6, which was positive for the biosurfactant protein and revealed an open reading frame (ORF) with high similarity to sequences encoding a hypothetical protein from species of the family Halobacteriaceae. This protein was purified and exhibited biosurfactant activity. Due to these properties, this protein was named metagenomic biosurfactant protein 1 (MBSP1). In addition, E. coli RosettaTM (DE3) strain cells transformed with the MBSP1 clone showed an increase in aliphatic hydrocarbon degradation. In this study, we described a single gene encoding a protein with marked tensoactive properties that can be produced in a host cell, such as Escherichia coli, without substrate dependence. Furthermore, MBSP1 has been demonstrated as the first protein with these characteristics described in the Archaea or Bacteria domains.
Understanding hyaluronic acid induced variation of water structure by near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Dong Qin , Guo Xueping , Li Lian , Yu Chen , Nie Lei , Tian Weilu , Zhang Hui , Huang Siling , Zang Hengchang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn order to understand the hydration effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) in aqueous solution, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the HA aqueous solutions at different concentrations and temperature. As HA concentration was raised, there was a nonlinear change in absorption value in the first overtone region of OH, indicating the changes of hydration water. A reconstructed spectrum based on principal component analysis (PCA) was established and analyzed with the concept of aquaphotomics. The results showed that HA acted as a structure maker to make water molecules arranged in order. Water species with two hydrogen bonds (S2) and three hydrogen bonds (S3) showed the decrease at low concentration range of 0–40 mg/mL, but increased at higher concentration, indicating the difference in water species at different HA concentration. Meanwhile, HA had the ability to improve the thermal stability of water structure, suggesting a potential bio-protective function. This study provides a unique perspective on the molecular interactions between HA and water molecules, which is helpful for understanding the role of HA in life process and may serve as the basis for HA applications.
Zwiesel bat banyangvirus, a potentially zoonotic Huaiyangshan banyangvirus (Formerly known as SFTS)–like banyangvirus in Northern bats from Germany
Authors: Kohl Claudia , Brinkmann Annika , Radonić Aleksandar , Dabrowski Piotr Wojtek , Nitsche Andreas , Mühldorfer Kristin , Wibbelt Gudrun , Kurth Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBats are reservoir hosts for several emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens causing morbidity and mortality in wildlife, animal stocks and humans. Various viruses within the family Phenuiviridae have been detected in bats, including the highly pathogenic Rift Valley fever virus and Malsoor virus, a novel Banyangvirus with close genetic relation to Huaiyangshan banyangvirus (BHAV)(former known as Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, SFTSV) and Heartland virus (HRTV), both of which have caused severe disease with fatal casualties in humans. In this study we present the whole genome of a novel Banyangvirus, named Zwiesel bat banyangvirus, revealed through deep sequencing of the Eptesicus nilssonii bat virome. The detection of the novel bat banyangvirus, which is in close phylogenetic relationship with the pathogenic HRTV and BHAV, underlines the possible impact of emerging phenuiviruses on public health.
La norme et le naturel
Authors: Joseph John E. 
Published: January 2020

Les études de normes langagières ont visé des caractéristiques formelles à un micro-niveau, laissant les normes de la pragmatique du discours à l’histoire de la rhétorique. Mais avant l’époque moderne, on n’observait pas de distinction nette entre le « structurel » et le « pragmatique ». Cet article examine trois normes établies de longue date, qui se situent à la jonction des deux éléments, le pragmatique et le culturel : l’injonction aristotélicienne contre l’appel à l’émotion dans l’argumentation, l’injonction chrétienne contre le serment et l’exclusion par Pascal de la première personne du singulier dans le discours scientifique. Toutes trois sont axées sur la vérité et sur la perception des passions comme sources d’erreur. Les passions sont « naturelles » – elles intègrent le corps dans le mental – et les normes sont forgées en vue de contrôler le naturel dans le langage.
An Investigation of Hearing (250–20,000 Hz) in Children with Endocrine Diseases and Evaluation of Tinnitus and Vertigo Symptoms
Authors: Kocyigit Murat , Bezgin Selin Ustun , Cakabay Taliye , Ortekin Safiye Giran , Yıldız Melek , Ozkaya Guven , Aydın Banu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Despite much advancement in medicine, endocrine and metabolic diseases remain an important cause of morbidity and even mortality in children.
Objective The present study was planned to investigate the evaluation of hearing that also includes high frequencies, and the presence and degree of vertigo and tinnitus symptoms in pediatric patients diagnosed with endocrine diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), growth hormone deficiency (GHD), obesity, idiopathic short stature, and precocious puberty
Methods The present study included a patient group of 207 children patients diagnosed with endocrine disease (95 males, 112 females; mean age 9.71 years old [range 6–16 years old]) and a control group including 55 healthy children who do not have any kind of chronic disease (26 males, 29 females; mean age 9.33 years old [range 6–16 years old]). The subjects underwent a hearing test with frequencies between 250 and 20,000 Hz. The vestibular and tinnitus symptoms were evaluated with the Pediatric Vestibular Symptom Questionnaire.
Results Out of 207 patients in the patient group, 5 (2.4%) had hearing loss in pure tones, 10 (4.8%) had it in high frequencies, 40 (19.3%) had tinnitus symptoms, and 18 (8.7%) had vertigo symptoms. A total of 4 out of 207 patients in the study group (1.9%), 2 out of 59 with type 1 DM patients (3.4%), 1 out of 46 with GHD (2.2%), and 1 out of 43 obesity patients (2.3%) had hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus symptoms.
Conclusions Our results suggest that some childhood endocrine diseases can cause some changes in the inner ear, although the exact cause is unknown. Perhaps, a detailed hearing and balance examination should be a routine in a child diagnosed with an endocrine disease. We think it is necessary to work on more comprehensive patient groups and tests in the future.
From Data to Value: How Artificial Intelligence Augments the Radiology Business to Create Value
Authors: Martin-Carreras Teresa , Chen Po-Hao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe radiology practice has access to a wealth of data in the radiologist information system, dictation reports, and electronic health records. Although many artificial intelligence applications in radiology have focused on computer vision and the interpretive use cases, many opportunities exist to enhance the radiologist's value proposition through business analytics. This article explores how AI lends an analytical lens to the radiology practice to create value.
Upwelling index along the South Coast of Java from satellite imagery of wind stress and sea surface temperature
Authors: Naulita Y , Arhatin R E , Nabil  
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Upwelling Index which is processed from satellite imagery of wind stress and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) were examined to describe upwelling and its dynamics along the southern coast of Java. Analysis in September as the peak of upwelling shows that the commonly use of Ekman Transport-based Upwelling Index mostly shows higher values on the western part of south coast of Java as the alongshore wind stress is stronger to the west. But on the contrary, the SST-based Upwelling Index shows a relatively intense and persistent upwelling on the eastern part of south coast of Java and strengthened in El Nino year of 2015. The intense upwelling is indicated by the lowest value of SST minimum and the maximum value of thermal gradient SST up to 75 km off shore. Thus, for upwelling areas that are not predominantly induced by offshore Ekman Transport, the dynamics of upwelling would be better seen through an SST-based upwelling index. The use of both upwelling indices, will complement each other so that upwelling and its dynamics can be precisely understood.
Geostrophic currents in the Northern Lembata Waters: from OTEC Cruise observation in September–October 2017
Authors: Natih N M N , Nipsan M I F , Permanawati Y , Hernawan U 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Northern Lembata Waters (NLW) is located in the Flores Sea that its dynamics is strongly affected by Monsoon Current and the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). This study aims to describe the physical characteristics of the waters and geostrophic current, using observation CTD data from OTEC Cruise 2017. The type of water mass is identified using T-S diagram, and geostrophic currents is determined using a reference level at 600 dbar. From its characteristics such as temperature, salinity, and density it can be deduced that the waters vertically stratified. It is revealed a strong geostrophic flow due to water density differences. In the upper layer (0–300 dbar) geostrophic velocity ranged from 12.59 to 343.93 cm s−1 flowing eastward and in the deeper layer (300–600 dbar) geostrophic velocity (in section B) ranged from 7.66 to 49.19 cm s−1 flowing westward. The eastward flow is considered to be part of the ITF, and the westward flow at deeper layer may be associated with density-driven flow between Banda and Flores Seas.