bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting inpatient flow at a major hospital using interpretable analytics
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Pauphilet Jean , Stevens Jennifer , Tandon Manu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProblem definitionTurn raw data from Electronic Health Records into accurate predictions on patient flows and inform daily decision-making at a major hospital.Practical RelevanceIn a hospital environment under increasing financial and operational stress, forecasts on patient demand patterns could help match capacity and demand and improve hospital operations.MethodologyWe use data from 63, 432 admissions at a large academic hospital (50.0% female, median age 64 years old, median length-of-stay 3.12 days). We construct an expertise-driven patient representation on top of their EHR data and apply a broad class of machine learning methods to predict several aspects of patient flows.ResultsWith a unique patient representation, we estimate short-term discharges, identify long-stay patients, predict discharge destination and anticipate flows in and out of intensive care units with accuracy in the 80%+ range. More importantly, we implement this machine learning pipeline into the EHR system of the hospital and construct prediction-informed dashboards to support daily bed placement decisions.Managerial ImplicationsOur study demonstrates that interpretable machine learning techniques combined with EHR data can be used to provide visibility on patient flows. Our approach provides an alternative to deep learning techniques which is equally accurate, interpretable, frugal in data and computational power, and production-ready.
A pitfall in estimating the effective reproductive numberRtfor COVID-19
Authors: Petermann Markus , Wyler Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe effective reproductive numberRtof COVID-19 is determined indirectly from data that are only incompletely known. Approaches based on reconstructing these data by sampling time lags from suitable distributions introduce noise effects that can result in distorted estimates ofRt. This, in turn, may lead to misleading interpretations of the efficacy of the various measures taken to limit COVID-19 transmission. We discuss in some detail a study used for real time monitoring of the reproductive number in Switzerland; seehttps://ncs-tf.ch/en/situation-report.We argue that the method used to derive the above curve is systematically flawed and leads to an underestimation of the efficacy of the lockdown. The method adopted by the Robert Koch Institute suffers from similar deficiencies, their impact is however smaller.
How well can we forecast the COVID-19 pandemic with curve fitting and recurrent neural networks?
Authors: Zhao Zhuowen , Nehil-Puleo Kieran , Zhao Yangzhi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPredictions of the COVID-19 pandemic in USA are compared using curve fitting and various recurrent neural networks (RNNs) including the standard long short-term memory (LSTM) RNN and 10 types of slim LSTM RNNs. The curve fitting method predicts the pandemic would end in early summer but the exact date and scale vary with the evolving data used for fitting. All LSTM RNNs result in short-term (8 to 10 days) predictions with comparable accuracies (smaller than 10 %) to curve fitting—they do not show advantage over curve fitting.
A concise, machine learning-based questionnaire that screens for insomnia and apnoea in the general population
Authors: Yu Yizhou , Jackson Samantha , Björnsdóttir Erla , Oulton Charles 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPoor sleep is a major public health problem with implications for a wide range of critical health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, mental health, and neurodegenerative disease.1,2 The most prevalent sleep disorders are insomnia and sleep apnoea. While questionnaires aimed at detecting and quantifying sleep problems have been used for years and proven to be reliable,3-6 they are often very extensive and scientifically worded. Here, we propose that the general population can use the SleepHubs Check-up (SHC), a concise questionnaire as a screening tool for sleep apnoea and insomnia. We validated the SHC against widely-used sleep questionnaires. These include the Insomnia Sleep Index (ISI)5 for detection of insomnia risk, as well as STOP-Bang3 and Multivariable Apnoea Prediction Index (MAPI)7,8 for the detection of sleep apnoea risk. We built a multivariate linear model to predict the ISI score based on the SHC questions and obtained an R2 of 0.60. For the detection of sleep apnoea, we constructed a convoluted neural network to predict the risk of apnoea from the SHC questions, and obtained an accuracy of 0.91. The SHC is therefore a reliable and accessible tool for the detection of latent sleep problems in the general public. Future work will aim at increasing the input data to improve the accuracy.
Distinct conformational states of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Authors: Cai Yongfei , Zhang Jun , Xiao Tianshu , Peng Hanqin , Sterling Sarah M. , Walsh Richard M. , Rawson Shaun , Rits-Volloch Sophia , Chen Bing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ongoing SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic has created urgent needs for intervention strategies to control the crisis. The spike (S) protein of the virus forms a trimer and catalyzes fusion between viral and target cell membranes - the first key step of viral infection. Here we report two cryo-EM structures, both derived from a single preparation of the full-length S protein, representing the prefusion (3.1Å resolution) and postfusion (3.3Å resolution) conformations, respectively. The spontaneous structural transition to the postfusion state under mild conditions is independent of target cells. The prefusion trimer forms a tightly packed structure with three receptor-binding domains clamped down by a segment adjacent to the fusion peptide, significantly different from recently published structures of a stabilized S ectodomain trimer. The postfusion conformation is a rigid tower-like trimer, but decorated by N-linked glycans along its long axis with almost even spacing, suggesting possible involvement in a mechanism protecting the virus from host immune responses and harsh external conditions. These findings advance our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 enters a host cell and may guide development of vaccines and therapeutics.
A novel fragmented mitochondrial genome in the protist pathogenToxoplasma gondiiand related tissue coccidia
Authors: Namasivayam Sivaranjani , Baptista Rodrigo P. , Xiao Wenyuan , Hall Erica M. , Doggett Joseph S. , Troell Karin , Kissinger Jessica C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMitochondrial genome content and structure vary widely across the eukaryotic tree of life with protists displaying extreme examples. Apicomplexan and dinoflagellate protists have evolved highly-reduced mitochondrial genome sequences, mtDNA, consisting of only 3 cytochrome genes and fragmented rRNA genes. Here we report the independent evolution of fragmented cytochrome genes inToxoplasmaand related tissue coccidia and evolution of a novel genome architecture consisting minimally of 21 sequence blocks (SBs) that exist as non-random concatemers. Single-molecule Nanopore reads consisting entirely of SB concatemers ranging from 1-23 kb reveal both whole and fragmented cytochrome genes. Full-length cytochrome transcripts including a divergentcoxIIIare detected. The topology of the mitochondrial genome remains an enigma. Analysis of acobpoint mutation reveals that homoplasmy of SB’s is maintained. Tissue coccidia are important pathogens of man and animals and the mitochondrion represents an important therapeutic target. Their mtDNA sequence has remained elusive until now.
REMBRANDT: A high-throughput barcoded sequencing approach for COVID-19 screening
Authors: Palmieri Dario , Siddiqui Jalal , Gardner Anne , Fishel Richard , Miles Wayne O. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is a highly infectious RNA virus. A still-debated percentage of patients develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after infection, whose symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath and fatigue. Acute and life-threatening respiratory symptoms are experienced by 10-20% of symptomatic patients, particularly those with underlying medical conditions that includes diabetes, COPD and pregnancy. One of the main challenges in the containment of COVID-19 is the identification and isolation of asymptomatic/pre-symptomatic individuals. As communities re-open, large numbers of people will need to be tested and contact-tracing of positive patients will be required to prevent additional waves of infections and enable the continuous monitoring of the viral loads COVID-19 positive patients. A number of molecular assays are currently in clinical use to detect SARS-CoV-2. Many of them can accurately test hundreds or even thousands of patients every day. However, there are presently no testing platforms that enable more than 10,000 tests per day. Here, we describe the foundation for the REcombinase Mediated BaRcoding and AmplificatioN Diagnostic Tool (REMBRANDT), a high-throughput Next Generation Sequencing-based approach for the simultaneous screening of over 100,000 samples per day. The REMBRANDT protocol includes direct two-barcoded amplification of SARS-CoV-2 and control amplicons using an isothermal reaction, and the downstream library preparation for Illumina sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. This protocol represents a potentially powerful approach for community screening, a major bottleneck for testing samples from a large patient population for COVID-19.
Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Nucleocapsid Protein: Anin silicoApproach
Authors: Rakib Ahmed , Sami Saad Ahmed , Islam Md. Ashiqul , Ahmed Shahriar , Faiz Farhana Binta , Khanam Bibi Humayra , Uddin Mir Muhammad Nasir , Emran Talha Bin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith an increasing fatality rate, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a promising threat to human health worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of theCoronaviridaefamily, which is transmitted from animal to human and because of being contagious, further it transmitted human to human. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-2019) as a global pandemic. But, no specific medications are available for the treatment of COVID-19 so far. As a corollary, there is a need for a potential vaccine to impede the progression of the disease. Lately, it has been documented that the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral replication as well as interferes with host immune responses. We have comparatively analyzed the sequences of N protein of SARS-CoV-2 for the identification of core attributes and analyzed the ancestry through phylogenetic analysis. Subsequently, we have predicted the most immunogenic epitope for T-cell as well as B-cell. Importantly, our investigation mainly focused on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I potential peptides and NTASWFTAL interacted with most human leukocyte antigen (HLA) that are encoded by MHC class I molecules. Further, molecular docking analysis unveiled that NTASWFTAL possessed a greater affinity towards HLA and also available in a greater range of the population. Our study provides a consolidated base for vaccine design and we hope that this computational analysis will pave the way for designing novel vaccine candidates.
A lean proposal: development of value stream mapping for L'Oreal's artwork process
Authors: Ghosh Sid , Lever Kaitlin 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis research develops value stream mapping (VSM) for L'Oreal's artwork process, to eliminate waste, reduce lead time and identify stages that can be automated, which makes the process less prone to human error and more responsive to fulfilling business-to-business customer requirements. In addition, amendments frequently occur slowing down the artwork process. In this context, VSM is applied to L'Oreal's artwork process to reduce lead time, human error and missed deadlines.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses data from L'Oreal's artwork tracker from 2018–2019, which is manually tracked by the launch team. The service level agreement and task time data have been collected from 12 employees representing the launch, factory and marketing teams working on the artwork process. Qualitative feedback was also obtained from nine employees to validate the VSM for L'Oreal's artwork process.FindingsVSM identified stages that can be streamlined and automated in L'Oreal's artwork process, which makes the process more efficient and responsive to changing scope of the artworks. 50% of the stages have been eliminated from the manual artwork process, resulting in a reduced lead time of 10.5 days and a reduction of 28% spent on the process. This allows the artwork process to be more agile to the requirements of business-to-business customers. The proposed VSM shows a 73% increase in value-added time for a renovation and a 75% increase in value-added time for new product developments.Originality/valueVSM has been specifically designed, developed and analyzed for L'Oreal's artwork process, in order to make the process more efficient and responsive to business-to-business customer’s requirements.
From “Codeine Diet” to “Gutter Water”: polydrug use among Nigerian young adults
Authors: Dumbili Emeka W. , Ezekwe Emmanuel , Odeigah Ogochukwu Winifred 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore polydrug use and the factors that motivate the use of multiple substances among selected young adults.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 23 male and female participants (aged 23-29 years) who use illicit drugs and prescription pharmaceuticals for non-medical purposes were recruited through snowball sampling. Qualitative interviews were conducted, and the data were analysed thematically.

Findings
The use of drug “concoctions” and cocktails was widespread among the participants. Some used what they called Codeine Diet (codeine-based cough syrup mixed with a Coca-Cola® product or malt drink), while others took Gutter Water (a cocktail of cannabis, codeine, tramadol, vodka and juice or water). The use of Monkey Tail (a mixture of local gin, cannabis leaves, stems, roots and seeds) and petrol mixed with glue and La Casera® (carbonated soft drink) combined with Tom-Tom® (menthol-flavoured candy) was also revealed. Pleasure, better highs, the need to experience prolonged intoxication and the use of one drug to douse the effects of another substance motivated polysubstance use.

Social implications
The findings revealed that the reasons why codeine-based cough syrups are mixed with soft drinks (Codeine Diet) include avoiding social discrimination and evading law enforcement agencies. Results suggest that these drug use practices require specifically tailored public health interventions. Social stigmatization against substance users and the use of extra-legal measures by the police should be discouraged to facilitate harm reduction.

Originality/value
This study represents the first qualitative research to explore polydrug use among an understudied Nigerian population.
Understanding informal volunteer behavior for fast and resilient disaster recovery: an application of entrepreneurial effectuation theory
Authors: Monllor Javier , Pavez Ignacio , Pareti Stefania 
Published: May 2020

PurposeExamine and understand how an informal volunteer’s goals and actions develop from the moment they first learn about a disaster.Design/methodology/approachWe examine informal volunteerism (the activities of people who work outside of formal emergency and disaster management arrangements) through the theoretical lens of entrepreneurial effectuation to explain informal volunteer behavior and cognition and gain insight on how they develop their disaster relief ventures.FindingsWe find that informal volunteers follow an effectual logic, relying on available means to take advantage of opportunities as they are recognized or created. Application of effectuation vs causation processes depended on whether the informal volunteers were categorized as traditional, emergent or extended volunteers.Practical implicationsInformal volunteers’ disregard for the Affordable Loss Principle task governments and disaster relief organizations with the important challenge of managing and assuring the safety and well-being of informal volunteers. Their entrepreneurial behavior also invites the establishment of formal processes to counsel and guide informal volunteers, helping them fill out the necessary paperwork and funding applications to develop their efforts.Social implicationsThrough their experimentation and flexibility, informal volunteers accelerate disaster recovery, recognizing opportunities, working around bureaucracy and other roadblocks that hinder the efforts of established organizations. They also demonstrate entrepreneurial behavior that helps revitalize and jumpstart the local economy, making for stronger and more resilient communitiesOriginality/valueThis study borrows from Effectuation Theory from the entrepreneurship field in order to bring a much needed theoretical lens to the topic and greatly assists informal volunteerism research, moving from past efforts that simply define and categorize the concept.
Social sustainability considerations in construction project feasibility study: a stakeholder salience perspective
Authors: Goel Ashish , Ganesh L.S. , Kaur Arshinder 
Published: May 2020

PurposePast research recommends integration of social sustainability (SS) considerations in construction project feasibility study for benefitting a larger group of project stakeholders. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence to this effect, especially from the developing economies. The purpose of this study is to address this knowledge gap through a SS-centric analysis of feasibility study reports using a stakeholder salience perspective.Design/methodology/approachFeasibility study reports for 61 projects were obtained from various government organizations in India. The SS considerations were identified in the reports using a combination of quantitative and qualitative assessments. The former was based on content analysis and the latter was conducted using “VOSviewer” text analysis software.FindingsSS considerations related to occupational health and safety, workers' employment practices and proactive involvement of communities and end-users were found to be inadequately addressed in the reports. Based on occurrences of the SS considerations, project-affected community was found to be the most salient stakeholder, followed by the end-users and the construction workers. Statistical analysis revealed significant relationship between the SS considerations and the type of project as well as the type of project delivery system.Originality/valueThis study contributes to better understanding of integrating SS considerations in feasibility study of construction projects. Its results provide useful inputs to decision-makers for orienting construction projects, right from the early phases, towards benefitting the disadvantaged and weaker stakeholders irrespective of their salience attributes. In developing economies, such interventions may improve quality of lives of a large number of project stakeholders and also cultivate a positive societal image of the construction industry as a respectful, ethical and employee friendly industry.
Involvement of stakeholders in the adoption and implementation of energy retrofits in hotel buildings
Authors: Fasna M.F.F. , Gunatilake Sachie 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Existing buildings encompass the largest segment of the built environment and, hence, have become a key target for energy retrofits (ER) to substantially reduce global energy usage. The success of ER projects is closely linked to the effective involvement of various stakeholders within the decision-making process. This paper aims to investigate different stakeholders and their involvement throughout the decision-making process of ER projects.

Design/methodology/approach
Two successfully implemented ER projects in existing hotel buildings were selected as cases to gain novel insights into the key stakeholders to be involved along with their functions and roles in five different stages of the ER decision-making process. To collect required data, in total 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted with stakeholders involved in different stages of the decision-making process in the respective case studies. Data was analysed using code-based content analysis with the aid of NVivo computer software.

Findings
Altogether, 18 stakeholders and 7 roles reflective of the nature of their involvement in the respective stages were established. Findings disclosed that the nature of the project, level of knowledge, expertise and commitment of internal staff, type of ownership of the facility and mode of financing have significant influence on involvement of different stakeholders in ER projects.

Originality/value
The findings of this study are useful in enhancing the successful adoption and implementation of ER through timely and effective involvement and integration of stakeholders.
Measuring the regional non-observed economy in China with nighttime lights
Authors: Chen Menggen , Zhang Shuai 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe non-observed economy (NOE) is a pervasive phenomenon worldwide, especially in developing countries, but the size of the NOE and its contributions to the overall economy are usually unknown. This paper presents an estimation of the average size of the NOE for the 31 provincial regions in China between 1992 and 2013.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime light data combined with 11 existing surveys on or measurements of NOE for 191 countries or regions throughout the world, to measure the size of the NOE.FindingsThe results show that the NOE share is unevenly distributed among China's provincial regions, with the smallest being 3.19% for Beijing and the largest being 69.71% for Ningxia. The national average is 43.11%, while the figures for the eastern region, middle region, northeastern region and western region are 39.3%, 47.6%, 44.7% and 43.6%, respectively. The NOE estimates are negatively correlated with the measured gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP per capita, which suggests that developed regions tend to have less NOE.Originality/valueThe nighttime lights are used to measure the NOE for China's provincial regions. Compared with traditional databases, one of the prominent features of nighttime lights is its objectivity, as there is little human interference; therefore, it can be used to achieve more accurate results.