bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term photospheric instabilities and envelopes dynamics in the post-AGB binary system 89 Herculis
Authors: Gangi M , Giarrusso M , Munari M , Ferrara C , Scalia C , Leone F 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a long-term optical spectroscopic study of the post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) binary system 89 Herculis, with the aim to characterize the relationship between photospheric instabilities and dynamics in the close circumstellar environment of the system. This study is based on spectra acquired with the high-resolution Catania Astrophysical Observatory Spectropolarimeter and archive data, covering a time interval between 1978 and 2018. We find long-term changes in the radial velocity curve of the system, occurring mostly in amplitude, which correlate with the variability observed in the blueshifted absorption component of the P Cygni-like H α profile. Two possible scenarios are discussed. We also find strong splitting in the s-process elements of Ba ii 6141.713- and 6496.898-Å  lines, with short-term morphological variations. A Gaussian decomposition of such profiles allows us to distinguish four shell components, two expanding and two infalling toward the central star, which are subject to the orbital motion of the system and are not affected by the long-term instabilities. Finally, we find that the numerous metal lines in emission could originate in regions of a structured circumbinary disc that have sizes proportional to the energy of the corresponding upper level transition Eup. This study demonstrates the potential of long-term high-resolution spectroscopy in linking together the instability processes occurring during the late evolutionary stages of post-AGBs and the subsequent phase of PNe.
A fake interacting dark energy detection?
Authors: Di Valentino Eleonora , Mena Olga 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Models involving an interaction between the dark matter and the dark energy sectors have been proposed to alleviate the long-standing Hubble constant tension. In this paper, we analyse whether the constraints and potential hints obtained for these interacting models remain unchanged when using simulated Planck data. Interestingly, our simulations indicate that a dangerous fake detection for a non-zero interaction among the dark matter and the dark energy fluids could arise when dealing with current cosmic microwave background (CMB) Planck measurements alone. The very same hypothesis is tested against future CMB observations, finding that only cosmic variance limited polarization experiments, such as PICO or PRISM, could be able to break the existing parameter degeneracies and provide reliable cosmological constraints. This paper underlines the extreme importance of confronting the results arising from data analyses with those obtained with simulations when extracting cosmological limits within exotic cosmological scenarios.
WikiPathways: connecting communities
Authors: Martens Marvin , Ammar Ammar , Riutta Anders , Waagmeester Andra , Slenter Denise N , Hanspers Kristina , A. Miller Ryan , Digles Daniela , Lopes Elisson N , Ehrhart Friederike , Dupuis Lauren J , Winckers Laurent A , Coort Susan L , Willighagen Egon L , Evelo Chris T , Pico Alexander R , Kutmon Martina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWikiPathways (https://www.wikipathways.org) is a biological pathway database known for its collaborative nature and open science approaches. With the core idea of the scientific community developing and curating biological knowledge in pathway models, WikiPathways lowers all barriers for accessing and using its content. Increasingly more content creators, initiatives, projects and tools have started using WikiPathways. Central in this growth and increased use of WikiPathways are the various communities that focus on particular subsets of molecular pathways such as for rare diseases and lipid metabolism. Knowledge from published pathway figures helps prioritize pathway development, using optical character and named entity recognition. We show the growth of WikiPathways over the last three years, highlight the new communities and collaborations of pathway authors and curators, and describe various technologies to connect to external resources and initiatives. The road toward a sustainable, community-driven pathway database goes through integration with other resources such as Wikidata and allowing more use, curation and redistribution of WikiPathways content.
OncoVar: an integrated database and analysis platform for oncogenic driver variants in cancers
Authors: Wang Tao , Ruan Shasha , Zhao Xiaolu , Shi Xiaohui , Teng Huajing , Zhong Jianing , You Mingcong , Xia Kun , Sun Zhongsheng , Mao Fengbiao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of neutral mutations in cancer cell population impedes the distinguishing of cancer-causing driver mutations from passenger mutations. To systematically prioritize the oncogenic ability of somatic mutations and cancer genes, we constructed a useful platform, OncoVar (https://oncovar.org/), which employed published bioinformatics algorithms and incorporated known driver events to identify driver mutations and driver genes. We identified 20 162 cancer driver mutations, 814 driver genes and 2360 pathogenic pathways with high-confidence by reanalyzing 10 769 exomes from 33 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 1942 genomes from 18 cancer types in International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). OncoVar provides four points of view, ‘Mutation’, ‘Gene’, ‘Pathway’ and ‘Cancer’, to help researchers to visualize the relationships between cancers and driver variants. Importantly, identification of actionable driver alterations provides promising druggable targets and repurposing opportunities of combinational therapies. OncoVar provides a user-friendly interface for browsing, searching and downloading somatic driver mutations, driver genes and pathogenic pathways in various cancer types. This platform will facilitate the identification of cancer drivers across individual cancer cohorts and helps to rank mutations or genes for better decision-making among clinical oncologists, cancer researchers and the broad scientific community interested in cancer precision medicine.
A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review and Synthesis of Secondary Care Interventions to Reduce Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Children and Young People
Authors: Ferris Erica , Cummins Carole , Chiswell Christopher , Jones Laura L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Childhood secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is linked with increased morbidity and mortality. Hospital or secondary care contact presents a “teachable moment” to support parents to change their home smoking behaviors to reduce children’s SHSe.

Aims and Methods
This mixed-methods review explores: (1) if existing interventions in this context are effective, (2) if they are reported in sufficient detail to be replicated, (3) the experiences of health care professionals delivering such interventions, and (4) the experiences of parents receiving such interventions. Five electronic databases and the gray literature were searched for relevant literature published and indexed January 1980 to February 2020. Fourteen papers reporting 12 studies (nine quantitative and five qualitative) were included. Aligned with the Joanna Briggs Institute method, a segregated approach was used involving independent syntheses of the quantitative and qualitative data followed by an overall mixed-methods synthesis.

Results
There was some evidence of effective interventions that resulted in a short-term (&lt;6 months) reduction in children’s SHSe when SHSe was subjectively measured. This was not seen in longer-term follow-up (&gt;6 months) or when SHSe was measured objectively. Inconsistencies with reporting make replication challenging. Experiential evidence suggests a mismatch between stakeholder preferences and interventions being offered.

Conclusions
The pediatric secondary care interventions included in this analysis failed to show statistically significant evidence of longer-term effectiveness to reduce children’s SHSe in all but one low-quality study. There was also inadequate reporting of interventions limiting assessment of effectiveness. It offers further insights into areas to target to develop effective interventions.

Implications
This review used rigorous methods to explore the current, global literature on how children’s exposure to secondhand smoke is being tackled in secondary care. This review identified only one low-quality intervention study showing a statistically significant reduction in children’s SHSe beyond 6 months. Synthesis with qualitative research identifies a mismatch between what parents want in an intervention and what has been delivered to date. Reporting quality needs to be improved to ensure that interventions can be replicated and studies conducted within the National Health Service to ensure suitability to this setting.
The Active Electrode in the Living Brain: The Response of the Brain Parenchyma to Chronically Implanted Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes
Authors: Evers Judith , Lowery Madeleine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Deep brain stimulation is an established symptomatic surgical therapy for Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and a number of other movement and neuropsychiatric disorders. The well-established foreign body response around implanted electrodes is marked by gliosis, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. However, how this response changes with the application of chronic stimulation is less well-understood.

OBJECTIVE
To integrate the most recent evidence from basic science, patient, and postmortem studies on the effect of such an “active” electrode on the parenchyma of the living brain.

METHODS
A thorough and in-part systematic literature review identified 49 papers.

RESULTS
Increased electrode-tissue impedance is consistently observed in the weeks following electrode implantation, stabilizing at approximately 3 to 6 mo. Lower impedance values are observed around stimulated implanted electrodes when compared with unstimulated electrodes. A temporary reduction in impedance has also been observed in response to stimulation in nonhuman primates. Postmortem studies from patients confirm the presence of a fibrous sheath, astrocytosis, neuronal loss, and neuroinflammation in the immediate vicinity of the electrode. When comparing stimulated and unstimulated electrodes directly, there is some evidence across animal and patient studies of altered neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation around stimulated electrodes.

CONCLUSION
Establishing how stimulation influences the electrical and histological properties of the surrounding tissue is critical in understanding how these factors contribute to DBS efficacy, and in controlling symptoms and side effects. Understanding these complex issues will aid in the development of future neuromodulation systems that are optimized for the tissue environment and required stimulation protocols.
Student attitudes towards linear algebra: an attempt to roll back the fog
Authors: Griffiths Barry J , Shionis Samantha 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, we look at student perceptions of a first course in linear algebra, focusing on two specific aspects. The first is the statement by Carlson that a fog rolls in once abstract notions such as subspaces, span and linear independence are introduced, while the second investigates statements made by several authors regarding the negative emotions that students can experience during the course. An attempt is made to mitigate this through mediation to include a significant number of applications, while continually dwelling on the key concepts of the subject throughout the semester. The results show that students agree with Carlson’s statement, with the concept of a subspace causing particular difficulty. However, the research does not reveal the negative emotions alluded to by other researchers. The students note the importance of grasping the key concepts and are strongly in favour of using practical applications to demonstrate the utility of the theory.
Blood culture positivity rate for Trypanosoma cruzi in patients with chronic Chagas disease differs among different clinical forms
Authors: Nielebock Marco Antonio Prates , de Freitas Campos Miranda Luciana , Americano do Brasil Pedro Emmanuel Alvarenga , de Jesus S. Pereira Thayanne Oliveira , da Silva Aline Fagundes , Hasslocher-Moreno Alejandro Marcel , Sangenis Luiz Henrique Conde , Saraiva Roberto Magalhães 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this research was to compare the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with chronic Chagas disease with and without positive blood cultures for Trypanosoma cruzi.

Methods
This was a retrospective longitudinal study that included 139 patients with chronic Chagas disease who underwent blood culture for T. cruzi. Blood cultures were performed using Novy–MacNeal–Nicolle medium enriched with Schneider's medium. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusting for age and sex was performed to identify if positive blood culture for T. cruzi was associated with all-cause mortality.

Results
The blood culture positivity rate was 30.9%. Most patients were born in the Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil. Patients with positive blood cultures were older (52±13 vs 45±13 y; p=0.0009) and more frequently women (72.1% vs. 53.1%; p=0.03) than patients with negative blood cultures. The frequency of patients with cardiac or cardiodigestive forms was higher among patients with positive vs negative blood cultures (74.4% vs 54.1%; p=0.02). A total of 28 patients died during a mean follow-up time of 6.6±4.1 y. A positive blood culture was associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.26 [95% confidence interval 1.02 to 5.01], p=0.045).

Conclusions
We found a higher proportion of patients with Chagas heart disease among patients with T. cruzi–positive blood cultures. A positive blood culture was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Therefore T. cruzi persistence may influence Chagas disease pathogenesis and prognosis.
Syringe or Mask? Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure Under Local or General Anesthesia: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Rezniczek Günther A. , Hecken Julia M. , Rehman Sadia , Dogan Askin , Tempfer Clemens B. , Hilal Ziad 
Published: October 2020

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.041)
The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is one of the most commonly performed gynecological surgeries. The procedure can be performed either under local anesthesia (LA) or general anesthesia (GA).
Predictive Factors for Recurrence in Infantile Blount Disease Treated With Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Maré Pieter H. , Thompson David M. , Marais Leonard C. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
This study aimed to determine the recurrence rate in infantile Blount disease (IBD) in a cohort of patients treated with a tibial osteotomy; and also to identify which factors were associated with recurrence.

Methods:
We reviewed the records of 20 patients, under the age of 7 years, with IBD (35 involved extremities) treated by proximal tibial realignment osteotomy to physiological valgus at a single institution over 4 years. We then analyzed the data to determine the rate of recurrence and identify the risk factors for recurrence.

Results:
The mean age of the included patients was 4.2 years (range, 2 to 6 y). We observed a recurrence rate of 40% (n=14) at a mean follow-up of 42 months (range, 21 to 72 mo). Knee instability [odds ratios OR, 6.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.0-22.2], Langenskiöld stage (OR, 6.3; 95% CI, 2.0-19.4), and severity of the deformity, as measured by medial physeal slope (MPS) (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4), were associated with recurrence. On multiple logistic regression analysis, MPS remained the most relevant predictor of recurrence. Receiver operating curve analysis showed that an MPS ≥60 degrees predicted recurrence with a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 95% (area under the curve=0.925). Postoperatively, increased varus alignment on weight-bearing as measured by the tibio-femoral angle was indicative of knee instability and associated with increased odds of recurrence (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9; P=0.004).

Conclusions:
We observed a recurrence rate of 40% in children with IBD under 7 years treated with acute correction to a tibio-femoral angle of 5 to 10 degrees valgus through a dome proximal tibial osteotomy. Knee instability, Langenskiöld stage, and MPS were associated with recurrence. Cases with an MPS ≥60 degrees seem to be particularly at risk for recurrence. Further research is needed to validate these findings.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Analysis of 280 Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod Lengthenings Comparing External Remote Control Readouts and Radiographic Measurements: Impact of Patient and Deformity Factors
Authors: Arhewoh Reme E. , Mo Michelle , Luhmann Scott J. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the external remote control (ERC) digital readout to the radiographic measurement of magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) actuators undergoing lengthenings/expansions and to analyze the impact of patient and spinal deformity factors on the accuracy of the ERC digital readout.

Methods:
Single-surgeon database at 2 tertiary-care pediatric hospitals identified early-onset scoliosis patients with MCGR constructs. There were 14 males and 16 females with a minimum of 2 lengthenings included in the analysis. ERC readouts at each lengthening were recorded.

Results:
Sixty-six MCGR actuators were assessed in 30 patients which underwent 280 lengthenings (mean of 5.7 lengthenings). At individual lengthening sessions the ERC and radiographic measurements were correlated (r = 0.69, P<0.001). The summed radiographic measurements averaged 15% less than the summed ERC readouts (SD = 19%). The difference between the sum of radiographic measurements and ERCs was positively correlated with subsequent lengthenings (r = 0.94, P = 0.015). The accuracy of the ERC did not improve with increased grouped sessions (r = −0.54, P = 0.388) with no difference between the group with 2 and the group with ≥5 lengthenings (P = 0.670). In patients with dual rods, the difference was correlated between rods (r = 0.66, P<0.001) and the distraction of each rod was not significantly different from the other (P = 0.124). Patient weight correlated with the difference between the radiographs and ERC readouts (r = 0.27, P = 0.032). In patients with multiple grouped lengthenings, increased weight was positively correlated with an increase in measurement difference (mean r = 0.972).

Conclusions:
Summed radiographic measurements during lengthening sessions averaged 15% less than the summed ERC readouts. The accuracy of radiographic measurements did not increase when sessions were grouped together (2 vs. ≥5). There was no difference in the ERC accuracy over lengthening sessions early versus late. Patient weight, but not body mass index, was positively correlated with the discrepancy between the ERC and radiographic measures.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Molecular Diagnostics of Vascular Tumors of the Skin
Authors: Llamas-Velasco Mar , Mentzel Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:
In this article, the authors have reviewed all the recent news regarding how the discovery of some novel and recurrent molecular and genetic changes has modified the classification of some entities and have addressed to the description of new variants of vascular tumors. And even more important, the authors also reviewed on how these findings, in addition to gain insight into the tumoral biology, portend significant clinical consequences not only regarding to their diagnosis but also to their management and prognosis because some of these mutations are potential targets for treatment. The authors have also highlighted immunohistochemical markers can help us as a surrogate marker of those molecular alterations.
Intravenously injected lidocaine or magnesium improves the quality of early recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Lu Jing , Wang Jin-Feng , Guo Chao-Lin , Yin Qin , Cheng Wei , Qian Bin 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND
Previous data show that lidocaine or magnesium has unique characteristics of stress inhibition and antiinflammation.

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to observe the effects of lidocaine or magnesium on the quality of recovery (QoR) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

DESIGN
Single-centre, prospective, randomised, double-blind study.

SETTING
The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from March 2019 to October 2019.

PATIENTS
One hundred and fourteen patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

INTERVENTION
The enrolled patients were randomly divided into three groups. Lidocaine (group L), magnesium sulphate (group M) or 0.9% saline (group C) was administered intravenously 10 min before induction.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The quality of recovery 15 (QoR-15) score, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score were selected. The usage of propofol and remifentanil, haemodynamic parameters, anaesthesia recovery parameters and adverse events were also evaluated.

RESULTS
The QoR-15 scores for group L (132.0) and group M (134.0) were 6 and 8 points higher than that of group C (126.0) on POD1 (postoperative day 1) (adj
P < 0.05). However, the decrease of QoR-15 in Group L is less than the minimal clinically important difference (8).
The NRS scores on POD1 in group C 3, were higher than other two groups (adj
P < 0.05). The dosage of remifentanil in group L was lower than other two groups (adj
P < 0.05).
The physical independence of group L and group M and physical comfort of group M were improved compared with group C.

CONCLUSION
The results show that magnesium sulphate improved the QoR through improving physical comfort and physical independence in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, lidocaine had limited effects on QoR under current conditions.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
ChiCTR1800019092 (www.chictr.org.cn).

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER AND REGISTRY URL
The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Register (ChiCTR1800019092) https://www.chictr.org.cn.