bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BMI, Weight Discrimination, and Psychological, Behavioral, and Interpersonal Responses to the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Sutin Angelina R. , Robinson Eric , Daly Michael , Gerend Mary A. , Stephan Yannick , Luchetti Martina , Aschwanden Damaris , Strickhouser Jason E. , Lee Ji Hyun , Sesker Amanda A. , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine whether BMI and weight discrimination are associated with psychological, behavioral, and interpersonal responses to the coronavirus pandemic.MethodsUsing a prospective design, participants (N = 2,094) were first assessed in early February 2020 before the coronavirus crisis in the United States and again in mid‐March 2020 during the President’s “15 Days to Slow the Spread” guidelines. Weight, height, and weight discrimination were assessed in the February survey. Psychological, behavioral, and interpersonal responses to the coronavirus were assessed in the March survey.ResultsPrepandemic experiences with weight discrimination were associated with greater concerns about the virus, engaging in more preventive behaviors, less trust in people and institutions to manage the outbreak, and greater perceived declines in connection to one’s community. BMI tended to be unrelated to these responses.ConclusionsDespite the risks of complications of coronavirus disease associated with obesity, individuals with higher BMI were neither more concerned about the virus nor taking more behavioral precautions than individuals in other weight categories. Weight discrimination, in contrast, may heighten vigilance to threat, which may have contributed to both positive (greater concern, more precautionary behavior) and negative (less trust, declines community connection) responses to the pandemic.
Prepreg tack: A review of mechanisms, measurement, and manufacturing implication
Authors: Budelmann Dennis , Schmidt Carsten , Meiners Dieter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe stickiness of prepregs (tack) is considered a decisive material property for the success of high‐quality composite manufacturing by automated lay‐up processes such as automated fiber placement (AFP) or automated tape laying (ATL). Adverse control of prepreg tack can easily result in laminate defects or machine breakdown, which are highly undesirable considering the tremendous machinery and material costs of these processes. Prepreg tack is governed by a complex interaction of adhesive and cohesive phenomena that are influenced by machine and environmental parameters of the production process as well as by intrinsic properties of the prepreg material itself. This review aims at providing a condensed insight into the current state of research on prepreg tack. Therefore, experimental studies including the discussion of utilized tack measurement methods as well as model approaches to prepreg tack are reviewed. The findings are discussed against the background of fundamental mechanisms, the strong interdependency of influencing parameters and the challenge of translating measured tack data into an enhanced AFP/ATL process stability by process adjustment.
The distribution and dynamics of aufeis in permafrost regions
Authors: Ensom Timothy , Makarieva Olga , Morse Peter , Kane Douglas , Alekseev Vladimir , Marsh Philip 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAufeis, also known as an icing or naled, is an accumulation of ice that forms primarily during winter when water is expelled onto frozen ground or ice surfaces and freezes in layers. Process‐oriented aufeis research initially expanded in the 20th century, but recent interest in changing hydrological conditions in permafrost regions has rejuvenated this field. Despite its societal relevance, the controls on aufeis distribution and dynamics are not well defined and this impedes projections of variation in aufeis size and distribution expected to accompany climate change. This paper reviews the physical controls on aufeis development, current broad‐scale aufeis distribution and anticipated change, and approaches to aufeis investigation. We propose an adjustment to terminology to better distinguish between the formation process and resulting ice bodies, a clarification of the aufeis classification approach based on source water, and a size threshold for broad‐scale aufeis inventory to facilitate collaborative research. We identify additional objectives for future research including advancing process knowledge at fine spatial scales, describing broad‐scale distribution using current remote sensing capabilities, and improving our understanding and predictive capacity over the interactions between aufeis and landscape‐scale permafrost, hydrogeological, geotectonic, and climate conditions.
Darwin in the garden: Engaging the public about evolution with museum collections of living objects
Authors: Friedman William E. 
Published: May 2020

Societal Impact StatementPolls continue to show distressingly high percentages of people around the world do not accept that evolution has occurred. Even among individuals who accept evolution, surveys indicate that many do not understand its mechanistic basis, natural selection. Botanical gardens and arboreta are typically not viewed as museums of natural history. Yet, these institutions house collections of living museum objects that can allow visitors to directly observe ongoing evolution, namely, mutations and the origin of biological novelty, the astonishing amount of variation within species, and the consequences of selection that underlie descent with modification. When botanical gardens and arboreta are reconceptualized as museums ofliving, evolving objects, there will be huge opportunities to engage and educate the public about the process of evolution through the lens of horticulture and botany.SummaryPlants are central to the evolutionary history of biodiversity on Earth. However, unlike most museums of natural history, botanical gardens and arboreta are typically less engaged in the important mission of promoting the public's understanding of evolution. As museum collections of living (and evolving) objects, botanical gardens and arboreta have a unique set of opportunities to teach the public about evolutionary processes in ways that complement the efforts of traditional natural history museums. Charles Darwin himself relied heavily on his extensive reading of the horticultural and botanical literature to gain insights into evolutionary process and, after publication ofOn the Origin of Species, made plants the frequent centerpiece of his many books to convince the world of natural selection and descent with modification. There is good reason to believe that Darwin's highly effective 19th century botanical tactics for promoting evolutionary ideas among scientists and the broader society remain equally compelling today in the 21st century.
Autonomous navigation of MAVs in unknown cluttered environments
Authors: Campos‐Macías Leobardo , Aldana‐López Rodrigo , de la Guardia Rafael , Parra‐Vilchis José I. , Gómez‐Gutiérrez David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, there have been many advances in the algorithms required for autonomous navigation in unknown environments, such as mapping, collision avoidance, trajectory planning, and motion control. These components have been integrated into drones with high‐end computers and graphics processors. However, further development is required to enable compute‐constrained platforms with such autonomous navigation capabilities. To address this issue, in this paper, we present an autonomous navigation framework for reaching a goal in unknown three‐dimensional cluttered environments. The framework consists of three main components. The first component is a computationally efficient method for mapping the environment from the disparity measurements obtained from a depth sensor. The second component is a stochastic approach to generate a path to a given goal, taking into account the field of view constraints on the space that is assumed to be safe for navigation. The third method is a fast algorithm for the online generation of motion plans, taking into account the robot's dynamic constraints, model and environmental uncertainty, and disturbances. We provide a qualitative and quantitative comparison with existing reaching a goal and exploration methods, showing the superior performance of our approach. Additionally, we present indoors and outdoors experiments using a robotic platform based on the Intel Ready to Fly drone kit, which represents the implementation, in the most computational constrained platform, of autonomous navigation in unknown cluttered environments demonstrated to date. Open source code is available at: https://github.com/IntelLabs/autonomousmavs. The video of the experimental results can be found in https://youtu.be/79IFfQfvXLE.
Effect of freeze–thaw cycling on the soil‐freezing characteristic curve of five Canadian soils
Authors: Ren Junping , Vanapalli Sai K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe frozen soil processes and their interaction with the environment in the vadose zone of cold regions is vital in both agricultural and engineering practice applications. In a frozen soil, unfrozen water and pore ice coexist. The relationship between the unfrozen water content and subzero temperature is widely known as the soil‐freezing characteristic curve (SFCC). The SFCC is a valuable tool for predicting the hydromechanical properties and for modeling the coupled thermal–hydraulic–mechanical–chemical process in frozen soils. In spite of its importance, the effect of freeze–thaw (F–T) cycling on SFCC has not been well investigated or understood. In this technical note, the effect of F–T cycles on the SFCC of five soils from cold regions of Canada were investigated. The SFCC (including both freezing and thawing branches) of the five soils for different F–T cycles were measured using frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) technique. The experimental results suggest that the effect of F–T cycles on the SFCC of the five soils is not significant. Such a behavior may be attributed to the destruction of soil structure during the saturation process. However, all the five soils’ SFCC exhibited hysteresis behavior for all the F–T cycles. The results of the study are valuable and contribute towards better understanding of the fundamental behavior of SFCC of various cold region soils.
The reliability of MOSH/MOAH data: a comment on a recently published article
Authors: Bratinova Stefanka , Hoekstra Eddo , Emons Hendrik , Hutzler Christoph , Kappenstein Oliver , Biedermann Maurus , McCombie Gregor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, we analyse recently published material by Koster et al. (Food Addit Contam Part A, 10.1080/19440049.2019.1678770, 2019) entitled “Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons in Foods: Is the Data Reliable?”. Koster et al. claim to have traced the reasons for laboratory failures to “deliver robust and reliable test results” for the analysis of MOSH/MOAH in some food matrices, however, a careful review revealed that this publication falls short in considering several aspects of assessing the reliability and comparability of analytical data produced by different laboratories.
Potentials and pitfalls of transient in vitro reporter bioassays: interference by vector geometry and cytotoxicity in recombinant zebrafish cell lines
Authors: Lungu-Mitea Sebastian , Lundqvist Johan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe water framework directive re-evaluation proposes the integration of effect-based tools, increasing the need for alternative methods. Especially within aquatic toxicology, coverage of specific toxicity pathways is scarce, and most applications are based on mammalian or bacterial models, not reflecting realistic exposure scenarios. The use of transient reporter gene assays in cells from organisms of interest could be a quick and inexpensive solution. However, interference with cellular homeostasis may impact the system beyond the function of the manipulated gene and thus lead to non-specific results. We describe how varying vector geometry and different regulatory gene elements on plasmids used for transfection in zebrafish hepatocytes and embryonic fibroblasts may lead up to a tenfold difference in potency. Cells were transiently co-transfected with an Nrf2-responsive Firefly luciferase reporter plasmid and eight different Renilla luciferase normalization plasmids. Transfected cells were exposed to two different regimes (0.1–100 µM and 7.8–250 µM) of the oxidative stress-inducing compounds, sulforaphane, tertbutylhydroquinone, and metazachlor. Nrf2 activity was measured in dual-luciferase assays. In parallel, cytotoxicity was assessed for different endpoints (energy metabolism, protein amount, membrane stability, and cell proliferation) in non-transfected cells and cells co-transfected with constructs of increasing size, to be used for normalization. Transfected cells were more susceptible to cytotoxicity in a vector size-dependent manner. Conclusively, we report that vector geometries (size, backbones, gene-regulatory units), cell line (tissue origin), applied transfection methods, and signal normalization may alter the sensitivity of reporter bioassays in a synergistic manner. Further, we propose that thorough bioassay design is needed to ensure reliability and regulatory acceptance.
Parameterized Complexity of Min-Power Asymmetric Connectivity
Authors: Bentert Matthias , Haag Roman , Hofer Christian , Koana Tomohiro , Nichterlein André 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate parameterized algorithms for the NP-hard problem Min-Power Asymmetric Connectivity (MinPAC) that has applications in wireless sensor networks. Given a directed arc-weighted graph, MinPAC asks for a strongly connected spanning subgraph minimizing the summed vertex costs. Here, the cost of each vertex is the weight of its heaviest outgoing arc in the chosen subgraph. We present linear-time algorithms for the cases where the number of strongly connected components in a so-called obligatory subgraph or the feedback edge number in the underlying undirected graph is constant. Complementing these results, we prove that the problem is W[2]-hard with respect to the solution cost, even on restricted graphs with one feedback arc and binary arc weights.
Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET for diagnostics and advanced targeted radiotherapy in head and neck cancers
Authors: Syed M. , Flechsig P. , Liermann J. , Windisch P. , Staudinger F. , Akbaba S. , Koerber S. A. , Freudlsperger C. , Plinkert P. K. , Debus J. , Giesel F. , Haberkorn U. , Adeberg S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) expressing fibroblast activation protein (FAP) have been associated with the aggressive nature of head and neck cancers (HNCs). These tumours grow diffusely, leading to extremely challenging differentiation between tumour and healthy tissue. This analysis aims to introduce a novel approach of tumour detection, contouring and targeted radiotherapy of HNCs using visualisation of CAFs: PET-CT with 68Ga-radiolabeled inhibitors of FAP (FAPI).

Methods
FAPI PET-CT was performed without complications prior to radiotherapy in addition to contrast enhanced CT (CE-CT) and MRI on 14 patients with HNC. First, for tissue biodistribution analysis, volumes of interest were defined to quantify SUVmean and SUVmax in tumour and healthy parenchyma. Secondly, using four thresholds of three-, five-, seven- and tenfold increase of FAPI enhancement in the tumour as compared with normal tissue, four different gross tumour volumes (FAPI-GTV) were created automatically. These were compared with GTVs created conventionally with CE-CT and MRI (CT-GTV).

Results
The biodistribution analysis revealed high FAPI avidity within tumorous lesions (e.g. primary tumours, SUVmax 14.62 ± 4.44; SUVmean 7.41 ± 2.39). In contrast, low background uptake was measured in healthy tissues of the head and neck region (e.g. salivary glands: SUVmax 1.76 ± 0.31; SUVmean 1.23 ± 0.28). Considering radiation planning, CT-GTV was of 27.3 ml, whereas contouring with FAPI resulted in significantly different GTVs of 67.7 ml (FAPI × 3, p = 0.0134), 22.1 ml (FAPI × 5, p = 0.0419), 7.6 ml (FAPI × 7, p = 0.0001) and 2.3 ml (FAPI × 10, p = 0.0001). Taking these significant disparities between the GTVs into consideration, we merged FAPI-GTVs with CT-GTVs. This resulted in median volumes, that were, as compared to CT-GTVs, significantly larger with FAPI × 3 (54.7 ml, + 200.5% relative increase, p = 0.0005) and FAPI × 5 (15.0 ml, + 54.9%, p = 0.0122). Furthermore, FAPI-GTVs were not covered by CE-CT-based planning target volumes (CT-PTVs) in several cases.

Conclusion
We present first evidence of diagnostic and therapeutic potential of FAPI ligands in head and neck cancer. Larger studies with histopathological correlation are required to validate our findings.
Dinitrogen (N2) pulse emissions during freeze-thaw cycles from montane grassland soil
Authors: Wu Xing , Chen Zhe , Kiese Ralf , Fu Jin , Gschwendter Silvia , Schloter Michael , Liu Chunyan , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Wolf Benjamin , Dannenmann Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractShort-lived pulses of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during freeze-thaw periods can dominate annual cumulative N2O fluxes from temperate managed and natural soils. However, the effects of freeze thaw cycles (FTCs) on dinitrogen (N2) emissions, i.e., the dominant terminal product of the denitrification process, and ratios of N2/N2O emissions have remained largely unknown because methodological difficulties were so far hampering detailed studies. Here, we quantified both N2 and N2O emissions of montane grassland soils exposed to three subsequent FTCs under two different soil moisture levels (40 and 80% WFPS) and under manure addition at 80% WFPS. In addition, we also quantified abundance and expression of functional genes involved in nitrification and denitrification to better understand microbial drivers of gaseous N losses. Our study shows that each freeze thaw cycle was associated with pulse emissions of both N2O and N2, with soil N2 emissions exceeding N2O emissions by a factor of 5–30. Increasing soil moisture from 40 to 80% WFPS and addition of cow slurry increased the cumulative FTC N2 emissions by 102% and 77%, respectively. For N2O, increasing soil moisture from 40 to 80% WFPS and addition of slurry increased the cumulative emissions by 147% and 42%, respectively. Denitrification gene cnorB and nosZ clade I transcript levels showed high explanatory power for N2O and N2 emissions, thereby reflecting both N gas flux dynamics due to FTC and effects of different water availability and fertilizer addition. In agreement with several other studies for various ecosystems, we show here for mountainous grassland soils that pulse emissions of N2O were observed during freeze-thaw. More importantly, this study shows that the freeze-thaw N2 pulse emissions strongly exceeded those of N2O in magnitude, which indicates that N2 emissions during FTCs could represent an important N loss pathway within the grassland N mass balances. However, their actual significance needs to be assessed under field conditions using intact plant-soil systems.
Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in breast surgery
Authors: Kühn Friedrich , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Karsten Maria Margarete 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Since postoperative complications after reconstructive breast surgery are often related to drastic increases of patient suffering and treatment costs, several devices were developed in order to avoid them. In this respect, the intraoperative fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green (ICG) provides promising results by detecting ischemic skin intraoperatively.

Methods
Women who underwent reconstructive breast surgery at the breast center at Charité between April and December 2017 were included in the analysis. General patient characteristics, medical history, type of surgery, as well as postoperative parameters, complications and patient reported outcomes were compared between patients operated using ICG fluorescence angiography and conventionally operated patients.

Results
Among 68 patients with breast reconstruction 36 (52.9%) were operated with the ICG angiography device and 32 (47.1%) without. No significant differences regarding patient demographics, medical history, and surgical procedure were found. Wound healing disorders occurred in 11.1% of the ICG group and in 9.4% of the control group. About 11% of both groups developed major complications which required revision surgery. Complication rates and patient reported outcome did not differ significantly. Across both groups, only the risk factor resection weight (≥ 500 g) was significantly associated with wound healing disorders (RR = 6.80; 95%CI 1.93–23.81; p = 0.022).

Conclusion
The purchase of a device for intraoperative ICG angiography might not be reasonable for every breast center. Further research in a larger cohort and prospective manner should be done to determine if the addition of ICG to breast reconstructive surgery in the German setting really leads to improved patient care.
Neurofilaments in progressive multiple sclerosis: a systematic review
Authors: Williams Thomas , Zetterberg Henrik , Chataway Jeremy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeurofilament proteins have been extensively studied in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, where they are promising biomarkers of disease activity and treatment response. Their role in progressive multiple sclerosis, where there is a particularly urgent need for improved biomarkers, is less clear. The objectives of this systematic review are to summarise the literature on neurofilament light and heavy in progressive multiple sclerosis, addressing key questions.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus identified 355 potential sources. 76 relevant sources were qualitatively reviewed using QUADAS-2 criteria, and 17 were identified as at low risk of bias. We summarise the findings from all relevant sources, and separately from the 17 high-quality studies.ResultsDifferences in neurofilament light between relapsing–remitting and progressive multiple sclerosis appear to be explained by differences in covariates. Neurofilament light is consistently associated with current inflammatory activity and future brain atrophy in progressive multiple sclerosis, and is consistently shown to be a marker of treatment response with immunosuppressive disease-modifying therapies. Associations with current or future disability are inconsistent, and there is no evidence of NFL being a responsive marker of purportedly neuroprotective treatments. Evidence on neurofilament heavy is more limited and inconsistent.ConclusionsNeurofilament light has shown consistent utility as a biomarker of neuroinflammation, future brain atrophy and immunosuppressive treatment response at agrouplevel. Neither neurofilament light or heavy has shown a consistent treatment response to neuroprotective disease-modifying therapies, which will require further data from successful randomised controlled trials.