bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knee osteoarthritis in young growing rats is associated with widespread osteopenia and impaired bone mineralization
Authors: Namhong Supitra , Wongdee Kannikar , Suntornsaratoon Panan , Teerapornpuntakit Jarinthorn , Hemstapat Ruedee , Charoenphandhu Narattaphol 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) leads to joint pain from intraarticular inflammation with articular cartilage erosion, deterioration of joint function and abnormal subchondral bone structure. Besides aging, chronic repetitive joint injury is a common risk factor in young individuals. Nevertheless, whether OA is associated with bone loss at other skeletal sites is unclear. Since OA-associated proinflammatory cytokines—some of which are osteoclastogenic factors—are often detected in the circulation, we hypothesized that the injury-induced knee OA could result in widespread osteopenia at bone sites distant to the injured knee. Here we performed anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) to induce knee OA in one limb of female Sprague–Dawley rats and determined bone changes post-OA induction by micro-computed tomography and computer-assisted bone histomorphometry. We found that although OA modestly altered bone density, histomorphometric analyses revealed increases in bone resorption and osteoid production with impaired mineralization. The bone formation rate was also reduced in OA rats. In conclusions, ACLT in young growing rats induced microstructural defects in the trabecular portion of weight-bearing (tibia) and non-weight-bearing bones (L5 vertebra), in part by enhancing bone resorption and suppressing bone formation. This finding supports the increasing concern regarding the repetitive sport-related ACL injuries and the consequent bone loss.
In vitro validation of the tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 in-situ immunoassay
Authors: Bang Seung Pil , Son Myeong Jin , Kim Harim , Lee You Hyun , Jun Jong Hwa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe aimed to validate a tear MMP-9 in-situ immunoassay (InflammaDry) and to identify factors that could affect results or interpretation. Three factors were examined: sample concentration, volume, and time. Recombinant human (rh) MMP-9 (10 or 20 μl; 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 ng/ml) was applied to the kit and the detection limit and assay reproducibility were examined. At a rhMMP-9 volume of 10 μl (≥ 50 ng/ml), all positive results were identified by densitometry at 10 and 20 min; however, after 20 min, more than half of the nine ophthalmologists interpreted a positive result. At a rhMMP-9 volume of 20 μl (≥ 25 ng/ml), ophthalmologists and densitometry identified almost all test lines at 10 and 20 min. At 10 μl, densitometry showed a linear dose–response pattern. At 20 μl, densitometry showed a linear dose–response pattern at concentrations up to 500 ng/ml; however, full saturation was achieved at concentrations ≥ 500 ng/ml. When the same amount of rhMMP-9 was applied, the density result increased significantly upon doubling of the solvent volume (i.e., by adding the same volume of PBS to a sample). InflammaDry showed a high inter- and intra-assay coefficient of variation at 10 min (28.4% and 24.7%, respectively). The results of the MMP-9 in-situ immunoassay varied significantly depending on sample volume. Therefore, when interpreting the results, careful attention must be paid to tear volume.
Extent, intensity and drivers of mammal defaunation: a continental-scale analysis across the Neotropics
Authors: Bogoni Juliano A. , Peres Carlos A. , Ferraz Katia M. P. M. B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeotropical mammal diversity is currently threatened by several chronic human-induced pressures. We compiled 1,029 contemporary mammal assemblages surveyed across the Neotropics to quantify the continental-scale extent and intensity of defaunation and understand their determinants based on environmental covariates. We calculated a local defaunation index for all assemblages—adjusted by a false-absence ratio—which was examined using structural equation models. We propose a hunting index based on socioenvironmental co-variables that either intensify or inhibit hunting, which we used as an additional predictor of defaunation. Mammal defaunation intensity across the Neotropics on average erased 56.5% of the local source fauna, with ungulates comprising the most ubiquitous losses. The extent of defaunation is widespread, but more incipient in hitherto relatively intact major biomes that are rapidly succumbing to encroaching deforestation frontiers. Assemblage-wide mammal body mass distribution was greatly reduced from a historical 95th-percentile of ~ 14 kg to only ~ 4 kg in modern assemblages. Defaunation and depletion of large-bodied species were primarily driven by hunting pressure and remaining habitat area. Our findings can inform guidelines to design transnational conservation policies to safeguard native vertebrates, and ensure that the “empty ecosystem” syndrome will be deterred from reaching much of the New World tropics.
A noise-resisted scheme of dynamical decoupling pulses for quantum memories
Authors: Gong Bo , Tu Tao , Zhu Xing-Yu , Guo Ao-lin , Zhou Zong-quan , Guo Guang-Can , Li Chuan-Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStable quantum memories that capable of storing quantum information for long time scales are an essential building block for an array of potential applications. The long memory time are usually achieved via dynamical decoupling technique involving decoupling of the memory states from its local environment. However, because this process is strongly limited by the errors in the pulses, an noise-protected scheme remains challenging in the field of quantum memories. Here we propose a scheme to design a noise-resisted $$\pi$$
π
pulse, which features high fidelity exceeding $$99.9\%$$

99.9
%

under realistic situations. Using this $$\pi$$
π
pulse we can generate different dynamical decoupling sequences that preserve high fidelity for long time scales. The versatility, robustness, and potential scalability of this method may allow for various applications in quantum memories technology.
Quantification of colorimetric isothermal amplification on the smartphone and its open-source app for point-of-care pathogen detection
Authors: Nguyen Huynh Quoc , Nguyen Van Dan , Van Nguyen Hau , Seo Tae Seok 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe increasing risk of infectious pathogens, especially in the under-developed countries, is demanding the development of point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid testing in the low-resource setting conditions. Here, we describe a methodology for colorimetric quantitative analysis of nucleic acid using an easy-to-build smartphone-based platform, offering low-cost, portability, simplicity in operation, and user-friendliness. The whole system consists of a hand-held box equipped with a smartphone, a film heater, a white LED, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) chip, and a DC converter, and all the processes were powered by a portable battery of 5 V. Upon the amplification of the target gene by an Eriochrome Black T-mediated LAMP reaction, the color of the LAMP reaction was changed from violet to blue that was real-time recorded by a smartphone camera. To keep track of the progress of the color change, we developed a novel mobile app in which a hue value was accepted as an indicator for color transition and for determining the threshold time of the amplification reaction. A calibration curve could be generated by plotting the logarithm of the known concentration of the DNA templates versus the threshold time, and it can be used to predict the copy number of nucleic acids in the test samples. Thus, the proposed mobile platform can inform us of not only qualitative but also quantitative results of the pathogens. We believe that this advanced colorimetric approach and the mobile app can expand the potentials of the smartphone for the future POCT system in the bio-diagnostic fields.
Elevated IL-6R on CD4+ T cells promotes IL-6 driven Th17 cell responses in patients with T1R leprosy reactions
Authors: Saini Chaman , Srivastava Rupesh K. , Tarique Mohd. , Kurra Santosh , Khanna Neena , Ramesh V. , Sharma Alpana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTh17 cells play vital role during pathogenesis of leprosy reactions. Previously, we have reported that IL-23 is involved in Th17 cells differentiation. Subsequently, our group also showed that IL-6 induces Th17 cell differentiation along with TGF-β in leprosy reactions. Here, we next asked the question that whether IL-6 or IL-23 induced Th17 cells are different in nature? In this study, Type 1 Reactions (T1R) showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher percentage of IL-17A producing CD4+IL6R+ T cells as compared to non-reaction (NR) patients. Furthermore, recombinant IL-6, IL-23 and TGF-β promoted IL-17A secretion by CD4+IL6R+ T cells. Subsequently, IL-6R and IL-23R blocking experiments showed significantly (p < 0.002) down regulated IL-17A in T1R reaction as compared to NR leprosy patients. The present study for the first time establishes that pathogenic Th17 cells produce IL-17 in an IL-6 dependent manner in leprosy T1R reactions. Thus, present approaches that specifically target Th17 cells and/or the cytokines that promote their development, such as IL-6, TGF-β and IL-23A may provide more focused treatment strategies for the management of Mycobacterium leprae and its reactions.
Copy number variations in ultrasonically abnormal late pregnancy fetuses with normal karyotypes
Authors: Cai Meiying , Lin Na , Su Linjuan , Wu Xiaoqing , Xie Xiaorui , Li Ying , Lin Yuan , Xu Liangpu , Huang Hailong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany fetuses are found to have ultrasonic abnormalities in the late pregnancy. The association of fetal ultrasound abnormalities in late pregnancy with copy number variations (CNVs) is unclear. We attempted to explore the relationship between types of ultrasonically abnormal late pregnancy fetuses and CNVs. Fetuses (n = 713) with ultrasound-detected abnormalities in late pregnancy and normal karyotypes were analyzed. Of these, 237 showed fetal sonographic structural malformations and 476 showed fetal non-structural abnormalities. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based chromosomal microarray (CMA) was performed on the Affymetrix CytoScan HD platform. Using the SNP array, abnormal CNVs were detected in 8.0% (57/713) of the cases, with pathogenic CNVs in 32 cases and variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUS) in 25 cases. The detection rate of abnormal CNVs in fetuses with sonographic structural malformations (12.7%, 30/237) was significantly higher (P = 0.001) than that in the fetuses with non-structural abnormalities (5.7%, 27/476). Overall, we observed that when fetal sonographic structural malformations or non-structural abnormalities occurred in the third trimester of pregnancy, the use of SNP analysis could improve the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis and reduce the rate of pregnancy termination.
Behavioral and trophic segregations help the Tahiti petrel to cope with the abundance of wedge-tailed shearwater when foraging in oligotrophic tropical waters
Authors: Ravache Andreas , Bourgeois Karen , Weimerskirch Henri , Pagenaud Angélique , de Grissac Sophie , Miller Mark , Dromzée Sylvain , Lorrain Anne , Allain Valérie , Bustamante Paco , Bylemans Jonas , Gleeson Dianne , Letourneur Yves , Vidal Éric 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo species breeding in sympatry are more likely to coexist if their ecological niches are segregated either in time, space or in trophic habits. Here, we combined GPS-tracking, stable isotope analysis and DNA metabarcoding analysis to understand how the rare Tahiti petrelPseudobulweria rostrata(TP) copes with the very abundant (i.e. 500,000 breeding pairs) wedge-tailed shearwaterArdenna pacifica(WTS) when breeding in sympatry in a tropical area. WTS foraged in restricted areas along their path, while TP predominantly foraged using extensive search behavior, suggesting a more opportunistic foraging strategy. Interspecific overlap of foraging areas was higher than intraspecific overlap. Breeding seasons largely overlap between species during the study, but TP seems to be asynchronous breeders. TP fed upon prey with higher δ15N values than WTS, and their diet was mainly composed of deep-sea organisms. TP could feed upon dead prey floating at the surface while WTS preyed mainly upon fish species that generally move in schools. Our study highlights several segregating mechanisms (temporal, behavioral and trophic) that could facilitate the coexistence of the two species despite the predominant number of WTS, and provides the very first information on the foraging and trophic ecology of the poorly-known TP.
Record-high positive refractive index change in bismuth germanate crystals through ultrafast laser enhanced polarizability
Authors: Fernandez T. Toney , Privat Karen , Withford Michael J. , Gross Simon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnlike other crystals, the counter intuitive response of bismuth germanate crystals ($${\text {Bi}}_4{\text {Ge}}_3{\text {O}}_{12}$$

Bi
4

Ge
3

O
12

, BGO) to form localized high refractive index contrast waveguides upon ultrafast laser irradiation is explained for the first time. While the waveguide formation is a result of a stoichiometric reorganization of germanium and oxygen, the origin of positive index stems from the formation of highly polarisable non-bridging oxygen complexes. Micro-reflectivity measurements revealed a record-high positive refractive index contrast of $$4.25\times 10^{-2}$$

4.25
×

10

-
2

. The currently accepted view that index changes $$>1\times 10^{-2}$$

>
1
×

10

-
2

could be brought about only by engaging heavy metal elements is strongly challenged by this report. The combination of a nearly perfect step-index profile, record-high refractive index contrast, easily tunable waveguide dimensions, and the intrinsic high optical non-linearity, electro-optic activity and optical transparency up to $$5.5\,\upmu {\text {m}}$$

5.5

μ
m

of BGO make these waveguides a highly attractive platform for compact 3D integrated optics.
Resolution dependence of CO2-induced Tropical Atlantic sector climate changes
Authors: Park W. , Latif M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA long-standing problem in state-of-the-art climate models is the Tropical Atlantic (TA) warm sea surface temperature (SST) bias, which goes along with major biases in large-scale atmospheric circulation. Here we show that TA-sector climate changes forced by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are sensitive to model resolution. Two versions of a climate model employing greatly varying atmospheric resolution and exhibiting very different warm bias strength are compared. The version with high atmospheric resolution features a small SST bias and simulates an eastward amplified SST warming over the equatorial Atlantic, in line with the observed SST trends since the mid-20th century. On the contrary, the version with coarse atmospheric resolution exhibits a large SST bias and projects relatively uniform SST changes across the equatorial Atlantic. In both model versions, the warming pattern resembles the pattern of interannual SST variability simulated under present-day conditions. Atmospheric changes also vastly differ among the two climate model versions. In the version with small SST bias, a deep atmospheric response is simulated with a major change in the Walker circulation and strongly enhanced rainfall over the equatorial region, whereas the atmospheric response is much weaker and of rather different character in the model with large SST bias. This study suggests that higher atmospheric resolution in climate models may enhance global warming projections over the TA sector.
Efficient Access to Isoquinolines via Rhodium-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of Pyridyl C–H Bonds Directed by Carbonyl with Internal Alkynes
Authors: Li Fuwei , Shi Lijun , Wen Mingshan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of amino-substituted isoquinolines via Rh(III)-catalyzed oxidative [2+2+2] annulation of pyridines with alkynes has been developed, which is cooperatively enabled by a directing carbonyl and steric hindrance adjacent to the amino group of the pyridine, via a six-membered rhodacyclic intermediate without coordination with the pyridinic nitrogen. The establishment of this C–H activation strategy also paves the way for other oxidative transformations of heterocyclic C–H bonds.
Viscoelastic Tests as Point-of-Care Tests in the Assessment and Management of Bleeding and Thrombosis in Liver Disease
Authors: Janko Natasha , Majeed Ammar , Kemp William , Roberts Stuart K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractViscoelastic point-of-care (VET POC) tests provide a global assessment of hemostasis and have an increasing role in the management of bleeding and blood component delivery across several clinical settings. VET POC tests have a rapid turnaround time, provide a better overall picture of hemostasis, predict bleeding more accurately than conventional coagulation tests, and reduce blood component usage and health care costs. Despite commonly having abnormal conventional coagulation tests, most patients with chronic liver disease have a “rebalanced” hemostasis. However, this hemostatic balance is delicate and these patients are predisposed to both bleeding and thromboembolic events. Over recent years, VET POC tests have been increasingly studied for their potential as better functional tests of hemostasis in liver disease patients. This review provides a background on the most common VET POC tests (thromboelastography and rotational thromboelastometry) and discusses the current evidence for these tests in the prediction and management of bleeding and thrombosis in patients with chronic liver disease, and in liver resection and transplant. With the recent publication of several randomized controlled trials, there is growing evidence that VET POC tests may be used to improve bleeding risk assessment and reduce blood product use in liver disease patients outside of the transplant setting. However, consensus is still lacking regarding the VET POC tests' thresholds that should be used to trigger blood product transfusion. VET POC tests also show promise in predicting thrombosis in patients with liver disease, but further research is needed before they can be used to guide anticoagulant therapy.
Fifty years of capacity building in the search for new marine natural products
Authors: Leal Miguel C. , Anaya-Rojas Jaime M. , Munro Murray H. G. , Blunt John W. , Melian Carlos J. , Calado Ricardo , Lürig Moritz D. 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceThis research deals with the development of capacity-building through marine bioresearch from a scientific standpoint, particularly through a new approach based on publication and authorship metrics. By using a 50-y dataset on the discovery of marine natural products, this study draws verifiable conclusions on capacity-building, a process that is often difficult to quantify. This is a stepping-stone toward evidence-based capacity building for bioprospecting as originally envisioned in the framework of high-level international fora, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and, more recently, the Nagoya Protocol.
Violation of lepton number in 3 units
Authors: Fonseca R M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The number of leptons may or may not be a conserved quantity. The Standard Model predicts that it is (in perturbative processes), but there is the well known possibility that new physics violates lepton number in one or two units. The first case (ΔL = 1) is associated to proton decay into mesons plus a lepton or an anti-lepton, while the second one (ΔL = 2) is usually associated to Majorana neutrino masses and neutrinoless double beta decay. It is also conceivable that leptons can only be created or destroyed in groups of three (ΔL = 3). Colliders and proton decay experiments can explore this possibility.
Measurement of charge asymmetry for the

KS→πev

decay and test of CPT symmetry with the KLOE detector
Authors: Di Domenico A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Using 1.63 fb−1 of integrated luminosity collected by the KLOE experiment about

7
×

10

4

K
S

→
π
e
v

decays have been reconstructed. The measured value of the charge asymmetry for this decay is AS
= (−4.9 ± 5.7stat
± 2.6
syst
) x 10−3 which is almost twice more precise than the previous KLOE result. The combination of these two measurements gives AS
= (−3.8 ± 5.0
stat
±2.6syst) x 10−3 and, together with the asymmetry of the KL semileptonic decay, provides significant tests of the CPT symmetry. The obtained results are in agreement with CPT invariance.
Implications of symmetries in the scalar sector
Authors: Haber H E , Ogreid O M , Osland P , Rebelo M N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Symmetries play a very important rôle in Particle Physics. In extended scalar sectors, the existence of symmetries may permit the models to comply with the experimental constraints in a natural way, and at the same time reduce the number of free parameters. There is a strong interplay among internal symmetries of the scalar potential, its CP properties and mass degeneracies of the physical scalars. Some of these aspects were discussed in this talk.
Localization of IoT networks: An empirical bayesian approach
Authors: Wang Feng , Ma Peng , Guo Jianxin , Zhu Rui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Location information is an important component of big data, so it has attracted many researchers’ attention to obtain the location of the target based on edge computing. However, in the actual application scenario, due to the influence of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, relative localization of anchorless networks in complex scenarios is a challenging issue. In this paper, we propose a robust localization framework based on a distributed architecture, which is suitable for the edge computing environment. The proposed framework consists of three steps, firstly, using hierarchical clustering method, the network is divided into several sub-clusters with a small number of nodes. Secondly, in each sub-cluster, outlier detection and low-rank matrix completion algorithms are used to complete the Euclidian distance matrix (EDM), furthermore, MDS is used to calculate the relative coordinates. In the last step, the relative coordinates of all sub-clusters are transformed and stitched to realize the whole network localization. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we carry out a large number of numerical simulations, the results show that our framework can effectively eliminate the outliers caused by NLOS and improve the localization performance in a complex environment.
Analysis of application of machine learning based on bibliometrics in pattern recognition
Authors: Huang Jin , Tu Wenyan , Yuan Qing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper analyzes the application of machine learning in pattern recognition by using bibliometrics methods, keyword cluster analysis, and burst terms detection. According to analysis, the number of published studies on the application of machine learning in pattern recognition has shown a rapid growth trend in recent years. The top five countries with published volumes are the United States, China, the United Kingdom, Germany, and India. According to the results of keyword co-occurrence cluster analysis, it is found that the hot research topics in this field mainly include feature extraction, support vector machines, and neural networks. Research topics include functional magnetic resonance imaging, deep learning and image processing, bioinformatics and fuzzy logic systems, semi-supervised learning and face recognition. According to the analysis of burst terms detection results, it is found that future research frontiers include big data, sensors, classifier integration, entropy, pattern classification, attribute reduction, image analysis, principal component analysis, fuzzy logic, Alzheimer’s disease, magnetic resonance imaging, etc.