bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Enhanced Performance Based on Lignocellulose Modified by NaOH/Urea for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Huang W. , Li Y. , Gu H. , Wang J. , Zhong Q. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn environmentally friendly gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) applied in lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries is based on the modified lignocellulose (LC), which is made from raw LC material with NaOH/urea aqueous solution through a simple partial dissolution method. Surfaces of fibers dissolve during the dissolution process and form a matrix among the fibers during the regeneration stage, which significantly improves the mechanical properties by up to five times. Meanwhile, the GPE (G3) shows enough liquid electrolyte absorption (144 %) and good thermal stability when the dissolution time is 20 min. It has high lithium ion transference number of 0.74 and good ion conductivity of 2.42 mS cm−1, which is an order higher than that of the commercial separator. Besides, sufficient electrochemical stability and interface compatibility can meet requirements of Li−S batteries. Compared with the battery with the commercial separator, Li/G3/S battery exhibits enhanced rate and cycling performance, which shows that G3 can effectively suppress the “shuttle effect”.
Molecular Complexity from Aromatics: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of paraQuinol and Masked para‐Quinone Monoketal
Authors: Chandra Girish , Patel Samridhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSynthesis of complex organic molecules from simple, cheap, and readily available starting materials is one of the most challenging and desirable factors in organic synthesis. In the last two decades, various methods have been developed for the de‐aromatization reaction of planar aromatics compounds which lead to reactive intermediates like 2,5‐cyclohexadienone ketal and para‐quinol having a non‐planar framework. Recently, there is an upsurge of interest in the development of the chemistry of these intermediates due to their inherent dual electrophilic and nucleophilic character. The presence of diverse functionality makes them important scaffolds and thus these are intensively utilized for the development of methodologies towards the synthesis of the highly functionalized and diverse chemical framework. These synthons have also been used in the total synthesis of many natural products. Interestingly, these are also adaptable for asymmetric synthesis. This review is a summary of the recent development of methods for 2,5‐cyclohexadienone ketal and para‐quinol synthesis and their application in natural product synthesis.
Perceiving emotions in visual stimuli: social verbal context facilitates emotion detection of words but not of faces
Authors: Blom Stephanie S. A. H. , Aarts Henk , Semin Gün R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBuilding on the notion that processing of emotional stimuli is sensitive to context, in two experimental tasks we explored whether the detection of emotion in emotional words (task 1) and facial expressions (task 2) is facilitated by social verbal context. Three different levels of contextual supporting information were compared, namely (1) no information, (2) the verbal expression of an emotionally matched word pronounced with a neutral intonation, and (3) the verbal expression of an emotionally matched word pronounced with emotionally matched intonation. We found that increasing levels of supporting contextual information enhanced emotion detection for words, but not for facial expressions. We also measured activity of the corrugator and zygomaticus muscle to assess facial simulation, as processing of emotional stimuli can be facilitated by facial simulation. While facial simulation emerged for facial expressions, the level of contextual supporting information did not qualify this effect. All in all, our findings suggest that adding emotional-relevant voice elements positively influence emotion detection.
Dysregulated microRNA expression in rheumatoid arthritis families—a comparison between rheumatoid arthritis patients, their first-degree relatives, and healthy controls
Authors: Renman Emma , Brink Mikael , Ärlestig Lisbeth , Rantapää-Dahlqvist Solbritt , Lejon Kristina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
Recent studies have demonstrated an altered expression of certain microRNAs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as their first-degree relatives (FDRs) compared to healthy controls (HCs), suggesting a role of microRNA in the progression of the disease. To corroborate this, a set of well-characterized RA families originating from northern Sweden were analyzed for differential expression of a selected set of microRNAs.

Method
MicroRNA was isolated from frozen peripheral blood cells obtained from 21 different families and included 26 RA patients, 22 FDRs, and 21 HCs. Expression of the selected microRNAs miR-22-3p, miR-26b-5p, miR-34a-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-155, miR-346, and miR-451a was determined by a two-step quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Statistical analysis including clinical variables was applied.

Results
Out of the nine selected microRNAs that previously have been linked to RA, we confirmed four after adjusting for age and gender, i.e., miR-22-3p (p = 0.020), miR-26b-5p (p = 0.018), miR-142-3p (p = 0.005), and miR-155 (p = 0.033). Moreover, a significant trend with an intermediate microRNA expression in FDR was observed for the same four microRNAs. In addition, analysis of the effect of corticosteroid use showed modulation of miR-103a-3p expression.

Conclusions
We confirm that microRNAs seem to be involved in the development of RA, and that the expression pattern in FDR is partly overlapping with RA patients. The contribution of single microRNAs in relation to the complex network including all microRNAs and other molecules is still to be revealed.

Key Points• Expression levels of miR-22-3p, miR-26b-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-155 were significantly altered in RA patients compared to those in controls.• In first-degree relatives, a significant trend with an intermediate microRNA expression in FDR was observed for the same four microRNAs.
Neuroprotective potential of isothiocyanates in an in vitro model of neuroinflammation
Authors: Latronico Tiziana , Larocca Marilena , Milella Serafina , Fasano Anna , Rossano Rocco , Liuzzi Grazia Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIsothiocyanates (ITCs), present as glucosinolate precursors in cruciferous vegetables, have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities. Here, we compared the effects of three different ITCs on ROS production and on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, which represent important pathogenetic factors of various neurological diseases. Primary cultures of rat astrocytes were activated by LPS and simultaneously treated with different doses of Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), 2-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and 2-Sulforaphane (SFN). Results showed that SFN and PEITC were able to counteract ROS production induced by H2O2. The zymographic analysis of cell culture supernatants evidenced that PEITC and SFN were the most effective inhibitors of MMP-9, whereas, only SFN significantly inhibited MMP-2 activity. PCR analysis showed that all the ITCs used significantly inhibited both MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. The investigation on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway demonstrated that ITCs modulate MMP transcription by inhibition of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activity. Results of this study suggest that ITCs could be promising nutraceutical agents for the prevention and complementary treatment of neurological diseases associated with MMP involvement.
Spectral Engineering via Complex Patterns of Circular Nano-object Miniarrays: I. Convex Patterns Tunable by Integrated Lithography Realized by Circularly Polarized Light
Authors: Sipos Áron , Tóth Emese , Fekete Olivér A. , Csete Mária 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIllumination of colloid sphere monolayers by circularly polarized beams enables the fabrication of concave patterns composed of circular nanohole miniarrays that can be transferred into convex metal nano-object patterns via a lift-off procedure. Unique spectral and near-field properties are achievable by controlling the geometry of the central nanoring and quadrumer of slightly rotated satellite nanocrescents and by selecting those azimuthal orientations that promote localized plasmon resonances. The spectral and near-field effects of hexagonal patterns composed of uniform gold nanorings and nanocrescents, which can be prepared by transferring masks fabricated by a perpendicularly and obliquely incident single homogeneous circularly polarized beam, were studied to uncover the supported localized plasmonic modes. Artificial rectangular patterns composed of a singlet nanoring and singlet nanocrescent as well as quadrumer of four nanocrescents were investigated to analyze the effect of nano-object interactions and lattice type. It was proven that all nanophotonical phenomena are governed by the azimuthal orientation independent localized resonance on the nanorings and by the C2, C1, and U resonances on the nanocrescents in case of $\bar {E}$
Ē
-field direction perpendicular and parallel to their symmetry axes. The interaction between localized surface plasmon resonances on individual nano-objects is weak, whereas scattered photonic modes have a perturbative role at the Rayleigh anomaly only on the larger periodic rectangular pattern of miniarrays. Considerable fluorescence enhancement of dipolar emitters is achievable at spectral locations promoting the C and U resonances on the constituent nano-object.
Multidisciplinary consensus on cancer management during pregnancy
Authors: Cubillo A. , Morales S. , Goñi E. , Matute F. , Muñoz J. L. , Pérez-Díaz D. , de Santiago J. , Rodríguez-Lescure Á. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCancer during pregnancy is a challenge for multi- and interdisciplinary collaboration due to the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications, the need for an integrated harmonization of medical action for the pregnant patient and the embryo or foetus and the characteristics of each gestational period, which will determine the protocol to be proposed and its limitations. For this reason, a group of experts appointed by participating scientific societies, which includes the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica—SEOM), the Spanish Association of Surgeons (Asociación Española de Cirujanos—AEC), the Spanish Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia—SEGO), the Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (Sociedad Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular—SEMNIM), the Spanish Society of Oncological Radiotherapy (Sociedad Española de Oncología Radioterápica—SEOR) and the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica—SERAM), have worked together to establish consensus recommendations that allow the harmonization of management and ultimately the optimization of the healthcare of pregnant patients with cancer. When cancer is detected in a pregnant woman, the week of gestation in which the diagnosis is made must be considered, as well as the characteristics of the tumour. It is strongly recommended that a multidisciplinary team assesses the situation and guides the patient and her family during the informing, diagnosis and treatment process. Likewise, the foetus should be monitored and managed by specialized obstetricians who are part of a multidisciplinary cancer committee.
The alkylation of oil fractions rich in aromatic hydrocarbons with C6, C8 and C10 α - olefins in the presence of ionic liquids catalytic systems
Authors: Aliyeva R. V. , Babashova Y. M. , Khamiyev M. J. , Bagirova Sh. R. , Azizbeyli H. R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe article is dedicated to the development of processes for (oligo)alkylation of petroleum fractions rich in aromatic hydrocarbons, with α-olefins (hexene-1, octene-1, decene-1) in the presence of ionic-liquid catalytic systems and the study of the properties of the products obtained. Alkylation reactions were carried out in the presence of chloroaluminate ionic liquids; for the first time a (nano)metal-polymer composite (NMPC) was used in the catalytic system as a modifier, and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) was used in the catalytic system as a component and the results were compared. It has been shown that these ionic liquid catalytic systems (ILCS) are suitable for (oligo)alkylation reactions and the use of these additives in their composition will lead to efficient alkylation. The products obtained were analyzed by IR-, NMR- spectroscopy, fluorescent indicator adsorption methods, and size exclusion chromatography. It was shown that these petroleum fractions rich in aromatic hydrocarbons can be used as alkylation components, and depending on the composition of the ILCS, it is possible to regulate the molecular, thermophysical and other characteristics of the products obtained based on them. The alkylated products obtained have been tested as plasticizing additives in polyolefin composites.
Morphology and chemical composition of mineral matter present in fly ashes of bituminous coal and lignite
Authors: Strzałkowska E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe changing properties of energy waste force us to look for alternative directions of their use. The aim of the research presented in this paper was to indicate the possibilities of managing fly ashes from bituminous coal and lignite based on the observation of individual particles of these ashes. Innovative research techniques were used, among others: SEM with EDS detector and Image Analysis. Microscopic observations have shown that fly ashes are a heterogeneous material composed of particles occurring in three basic morphological forms: spherical, irregular and fine-detritic. A high proportion of spherical particles was found in bituminous coal ashes (rich in SiO2 and Al2O3), which gives them high pozzolanic activity. This kind of morphology and chemical composition make these ashes a potential material for zeolites synthesis. The amorphic phase of ash from lignite coal has aluminium–silicate-calcium chemical composition, which is what determines pozzolanic and hydraulic properties of these ashes. Magnetic separation of iron-rich particles may be a way to manage the researched ashes. One of the valuable components of hard coal ash are microspheres, which are characterized by high variability in chemical composition, so further utilization will require prior refining. The main component of irregular particles found in ashes is unburned coal and, to a lesser extent, a mineral substance. The separation of all useful components from the tested ashes before their further management will allow the full use of their raw material potential.
Klagekollektive als „Watchdogs“
Authors: Hahn Lisa , von Fromberg Myriam 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungIn den vergangenen Jahren haben sich eine Reihe von Klagekollektiven gegründet, die strategische Prozesse als einen formalisierten Weg zur Überprüfung staatlichen Handelns wählen. Kritische Stimmen sehen darin eine problematische Form der Interessenspolitik. Der Beitrag argumentiert demgegenüber, dass strategische Prozessführung die demokratische Kontrolle staatlicher Machtausübung fördert. Klagekollektive fungieren dabei als „Watchdogs“: Ihre Prozesse machen Gerichte und die Öffentlichkeit auf Missstände aufmerksam, sie fordern mit ihnen eine rechtliche Bewertung und Sanktionierung ein. Damit kompensieren sie zunehmende Kontrolldefizite im demokratischen Rechtsstaat und tragen zu einer Stärkung seiner Institutionen bei.
‘Irish fever’ in Britain during the Great Famine: immigration, disease and the legacy of ‘Black ’47’
Authors: Darwen Lewis , MacRaild Donald M. , Gurrin Brian , Kennedy Liam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring the worst year of the Great Irish Famine, ‘Black ’47’, tens of thousands of people fled across the Irish Sea from Ireland to Britain, desperately escaping the starvation and disease plaguing their country. These refugees, crowding unavoidably into the most insalubrious accommodation British towns and cities had to offer, were soon blamed for deadly outbreaks of epidemic typhus which emerged across the country during the first half of 1847. Indeed, they were accused of transporting the pestilence, then raging in Ireland, over with them. Typhus mortality rates in Ireland and Britain soared, and so closely connected with the disease were the Irish in Britain that it was widely referred to as ‘Irish fever’. Much of what we know about this epidemic is based on a handful of studies focusing almost exclusively on major cities along the British west-coast. Moreover, there has been little attempt to understand the legacy of the episode on the Irish in Britain. Taking a national perspective, this article argues that the ‘Irish fever’ epidemic of 1847 spread far beyond the western port of entry, and that the epidemic, by entrenching the association of the Irish with deadly disease, contributed significantly to the difficulties Britain's Irish population faced in the 1850s.
Diagnostic comparison of stool exam and point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test for schistosomiasis mansoni diagnosis in a high endemicity area in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Bezerra Danielle de Freitas , Pinheiro Marta Cristhiany Cunha , Barbosa Luciene , Viana Agostinho Gonçalves , Fujiwara Ricardo Toshio , Bezerra Fernando Schemelzer de Moraes 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the performance of the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test in a highly endemic area in Brazil, comparing it to the Kato-Katz (KK) technique for sensitivity, specificity and the intensity of the reaction of the test in relation to the parasitic load. The community in Sergipe, Brazil, participated in the study, providing three stool samples, one of urine (POC-CCA) and fingers tick blood sample was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, kappa coefficient and Spearman's correlation were calculated for the POC-CCA test using the KK as the reference. The prevalence of schistosomiasis by KK testing was 48.82%; POC-CCA (t+) 66.14%; POC-CCA (t−) 45.24%. ELISA results showed 100% agreement in individuals with high and moderate eggs per gram (EPG). POC-CCA presented good diagnostic performance in individuals with medium and high EPG, but there were a high number of false negatives in individuals with low intensity infections. As observed, POC-CCA-filter test improves accuracy and sensitivity compared to a conventional test.
CRITICAL BINOMIAL IDEALS OF NORTHCOTT TYPE
Authors: GARCÍA‐SÁNCHEZ P. A. , LLENA D. , OJEDA I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study a family of binomial ideals defining monomial curves in the n-dimensional affine space determined by n hypersurfaces of the form

$x_i^{c_i} - x_1^{u_{i1}} \cdots x_n^{u_{1n}}$
in

$\Bbbk [x_1, \ldots , x_n]$
with

$u_{ii} = 0, \ i\in \{ 1, \ldots , n\}$
. We prove that the monomial curves in that family are set-theoretic complete intersections. Moreover, if the monomial curve is irreducible, we compute some invariants such as genus, type and Frobenius number of the corresponding numerical semigroup. We also describe a method to produce set-theoretic complete intersection semigroup ideals of arbitrary large height.
Interannual Variability of the South Atlantic Ocean Heat Content in a High‐Resolution Versus a Low‐Resolution General Circulation Model
Authors: Gronholz Alexandra , Dong Shenfu , Lopez Hosmay , Lee Sang‐Ki , Goni Gustavo , Baringer Molly 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh‐ and low‐resolution coupled climate model simulations are analyzed to investigate the impact of model resolution on South Atlantic Ocean Heat Content (OHC) variability at interannual time scale and the associated physical mechanisms. In both models, ocean heat transport convergence is the main driver of OHC variability on interannual time scales. However, the origin of the meridional heat transport (MHT) convergence anomalies differs in the two models. In the high‐resolution model, OHC variability is dominated by MHT from the south. This is in contrast to the low‐resolution model, where OHC variability is largely controlled by MHT from the north. In the low‐resolution simulation, both the Ekman and geostrophic transports contribute to the OHC variability, whereas in the high‐resolution model, the geostrophic transport dominates. These differences highlight the importance of model resolution to appropriately represent ocean dynamics in the South Atlantic Ocean and associated impacts on regional and global climate.
A Case Study of Nonresonant Mode 3‐s ULF Waves Observed by MMS
Authors: Wang Shan , Chen Li‐Jen , Ng Jonathan , Bessho Naoki , Le Guan , Fung Shing F. , Gershman Daniel J. , Giles Barbara L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe nature of the 3‐s ultralow frequency (ULF) wave in the Earth's foreshock region and the associated wave‐particle interaction are not yet well understood. We investigate the 3‐s ULF waves using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations. By combining the plasma rest frame wave properties obtained from multiple methods with the instability analysis based on the velocity distribution in the linear wave stage, the ULF wave is determined to be due to the ion/ion nonresonant mode instability. The interaction between the wave and ions is analyzed using the phase relationship between the transverse wave fields and ion velocities and using the longitudinal momentum equation. During the stage when ULF waves have sinusoidal waveforms up to |dB|/|B0| ~ 3, where dB is the wave magnetic field and B0 is the background magnetic field, the wave electric fields perpendicular to B0 do negative work to solar wind ions; along B0, a longitudinal electric field develops, but the V × B force is stronger and leads to solar wind ion deceleration. During the same wave stage, the backstreaming beam ions gain energy from the transverse wave fields and get deceleration along B0 by the longitudinal electric field. The ULF wave leads to electron heating, preferentially in the direction perpendicular to the local magnetic field. Secondary waves are generated within the ULF waveforms, including whistler waves near half of the electron cyclotron frequency, high‐frequency electrostatic waves, and magnetosonic whistler waves. The work improves the understanding of the nature of 3‐s ULF waves and the associated wave‐particle interaction.