bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The management of chronic kidney disease in primary care in Denmark: patient characteristics, treatment, follow-up, progression and referral
Authors: Birn Henrik , Nelveg-Kristensen Karl Emil , Frederiksen Line Elmerdahl , Christensen Stefan , Mehtälä Juha , Smith Sarah , Bruun Michael , Bodholdt Ulrik 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is mainly managed in primary care, but detailed information on these patients is limited. This study describes CKD patients and the disease management and referrals by general practitioners (GPs) in Denmark in order to identify opportunities for improved care.

Methods
Patients with CKD, defined by at least two abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) measurements ≥90 days apart during 2019–2020, were followed until May 2023 utilizing electronic health records.

Results
Among 1316 patients with one abnormal eGFR or UACR test, 993 (75%) had a second abnormal test within a median of 10.8 months, which confirmed CKD. Most patients (62%) were G-stage 3a, 89% had cardiovascular disease and 34% had diabetes. A UACR test was performed in 52% of patients around time of index. The use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors was high (67%), whereas sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors was low at inclusion (5%), although increasing during follow-up (15%). Patients had a median of 13.5 GP contacts/year, 1–2 eGFR and 0–1 UACR tests/year, and only 2.7% were referred to a nephrologist. The median decline in eGFR was modest; however, 15% experienced a drop of &gt;5.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 during 3-years of follow-up.

Conclusions
The findings indicate a high likelihood of CKD following one abnormal measurement. CKD patients constitute a significant burden to primary care with frequent GP contacts, yet more focus on UACR testing and new treatment adaptation to improve CKD prognosis is warranted.
Correction of profound hyponatraemia following rapid bolus therapy: effectiveness of the Barsoum–Levine formula based on the Edelman equation
Authors: Nagase Koya , Imaizumi Takahiro , Yamamori Atsushi , Hiramatsu Yuna , Kambe Minori , Kang Yungri , Kishima Yukari , Kozaki Yoshiaki , Nagase Fumika N , Iwasaki Keita , Ito Yuuki , Ikai Hiroki , Yamamoto Mari , Murai Yukari , Yokoyama-Kokuryo Waka , Takizawa Naoho , Shimizu Hideaki , Fujita Yoshiro , Watanabe Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The optimal treatment for profound hyponatraemia remains uncertain. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that a standardized bolus of hypertonic saline is effective, but relying solely on this approach may not fully address the individual variability of hyponatraemia among patients. We evaluated the effectiveness of rapid bolus (RB) administration of hypertonic saline followed by predictive correction (PC) using an infusate and fluid loss formula identical to the Barsoum–Levine formula based on the Edelman equation (RB-PC) for managing profound hyponatraemia.

Methods
In this retrospective observational cohort study, we evaluated 276 patients aged &gt;18 years with s[Na] levels ≤120 mEq/L (January 2014–December 2023). Using propensity score matching (PSM), we assessed s[Na] elevations at 6 h post-treatment initiation and the rate of appropriate hyponatraemia correction between the RB-PC and PC groups. We defined the appropriate correction as a change in s[Na] in the range of 4–10 mEq/L within the first 24 h and ≤18 mEq/L within the first 48 h following corrective treatment initiation.

Results
Among 276 patients with profound hyponatraemia (s[Na] ≤120 mEq/L), 49 and 108 underwent treatment with RB-PC therapy and with PC therapy without RB, respectively. Post-PSM, 84 patients were selected and allocated to the RB-PC (n = 42) or PC group (n = 42). In PSM analysis, patients with RB-PC experienced a higher elevation in s[Na] at 6 h after treatment initiation than PC (4.0 vs 2.4 mEq/L, P &lt; 0.001). The rate of appropriate correction was similar between the RB-PC and PC groups (90.5% vs 90.5%, P = 1).

Conclusions
RB-PC can quickly elevate s[Na] levels and achieve appropriate correction of s[Na] in patients with profound hyponatraemia.
De novo sequencing allows genome-wide identification of genes involved in galactomannan synthesis in locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua)
Authors: Akutsu Mitsuaki , Shinozawa Akihisa , Nishiyama Tomoaki , Sakata Yoichi , Hiwatashi Yuji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua) accumulates the galactomannan (GM) locust bean gum (LBG) in its seeds. LBG is a major industrial raw material used as a food thickener and gelling agent, whose unique properties mean that it cannot be readily replaced by other GMs. Whereas much is known about GM accumulation and the genes associated with GM biosynthesis in legumes, the genes involved in GM biosynthesis in C. siliqua are largely unknown. Here, we present a genome-wide list of genes predicted to be associated with the GM biosynthesis pathway in C. siliqua. We confirmed high GM accumulation in endosperm using a newly established GM quantification method involving LC-MS/MS. Through de novo draft genome assembly, we comprehensively identified genes predicted to be related to the GM biosynthesis pathway in C. siliqua by identifying orthologous groups. In particular, we identified all genes predicted to encode mannan synthase (ManS) and galactomannan galactosyltransferase (GMGT), enzymes functioning in the final step of GM biosynthesis, from the C. siliqua draft genome. ManS and the GMGT paralogs were predominantly expressed in endosperm. The genome and transcriptome produced in this study should facilitate research examining why C. siliqua produces LBG, unlike other legumes.
Comparison between Duke, European Society of Cardiology 2015, International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases 2023, and European Society of Cardiology 2023 criteria for the diagnosis of transcatheter aortic valve replacement-related infective endocarditis
Authors: Boufoula Inès , Philip Mary , Arregle Florent , Tessonnier Laetitia , Camilleri Serge , Hubert Sandrine , Casalta Jean-Paul , Gouriet Frédérique , Camoin-Jau Laurence , Riberi Alberto , Lemrini Yassine , Mancini Julien , Lemaignen Adrien , Dion Fanny , Chane-Sone Nicolas , Lucas Claire , Renard Sébastien , Casalta Anne-Claire , Torras Olivier , Ambrosi Pierre , Collart Frédéric , Bernard Anne , Habib Gilbert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement-related infective endocarditis (TAVR-IE) is associated with a poor prognosis. TAVR-IE diagnosis is challenging, and benefits of the most recent classifications [European Society of Cardiology (ESC)-2015, International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID)-2023, and ESC-2023] have not been compared with the conventional Duke criteria on this population. The primary objective was to compare the diagnostic value of the Duke, ESC-2015, ISCVID-2023, and ESC-2023 criteria for the diagnosis of TAVR-IE. The secondary objectives were to determine which criteria increase the diagnostic accuracy of each classification and to evaluate in-hospital and 1-year mortality of TAVR-IE.

Methods and results
From January 2015 to May 2022, 92 patients with suspected TAVR-IE were retrospectively included in two French centres, including 82 patients with definite TAVR-IE and 10 patients with rejected TAVR-IE as defined by expert consensus. Duke classification yielded a sensitivity of 65% [95% confidence interval (CI): 53–75%] and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 69–100%) for the diagnosis of TAVR-IE. ESC-2015 classification increased Duke criterion sensitivity from 65 to 73% (P = 0.016) but decreased specificity from 100 to 90%. ISCVID-2023 and ESC-2023 also increased Duke criterion sensitivity from 65 to 76% (P = 0.004) and 77% (P = 0.002), respectively, but also decreased specificity from 100 to 90%. A positive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) was the most helpful criterion, as 10 patients (11%) were correctly reclassified. In-hospital mortality after TAVR-IE was 21% and 1-year mortality was 38%.

Conclusion
A multimodality imaging approach, including 18F-FDG PET/CT and gated cardiac CT, is the cornerstone of TAVR-IE diagnosis and explains the higher sensitivity of ESC-2015 and recent classifications compared with Duke criteria.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis with cardiac and large vessel involvement: a case report with a constellation of rare complications
Authors: Dar Javaid Ahmad , Nayanegali Vinod , Manickavasagam Anand , Chase David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an autoimmune multisystem disorder characterized by small vessel vasculitis with granulomatous inflammation. In this report, we describe a unique case of GPA who presented with complete heart block (CHB) and developed complications due to intracranial large vessel involvement.

Case summary
A 47-year-old gentleman presented with CHB with a background history of arthralgia and blood-tinged nasal discharge. Whole body positron emission tomography–computed tomography scan showed soft tissue thickening with increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in basal interventricular septum and mitral leaflet aorta from the root up to the renal arteries. The patient developed subarachnoid haemorrhage and stress-induced cardiomyopathy after pacemaker implantation. The patient responded dramatically to steroids and rituximab and the CHB resolved on follow-up.

Discussion
Cardiac involvement in GPA is very rare as is the large vessel involvement. In this report, we describe the cardiac involvement of GPA in the form of basal interventricular septum and anterior mitral leaflet giving rise to CHB. The patient also had aortitis and vertebral artery aneurysm, which ruptured resulting in subarachnoid haemorrhage. The patient also developed stress-induced cardiomyopathy and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. The patient improved with steroids and rituximab and is doing well on follow-up.
Post-implant transcatheter aortic prosthesis deformation: tricuspid versus bicuspid valve
Authors: Moscarelli Marco , Venkatesh Aniket , Berland Katelynne , Yeats Breandan , Becker Taylor , Zaccone Gregorio , Pernice Vincenzo , Milo Sabrina , Zlahoda-Huzior Adriana , Dudek Dariusz , Trizzino Francesca , Speziale Giuseppe , Dasi Lakshmi Prasad , Fattouch Khalil 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We sought to assess whether post-implant transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis multidetector computed characteristics differ between patients with native tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valve stenosis, as well as the effect on valve performance and clinical implications.

METHODS
We analysed 100 consecutive post-implant multidetector computed tomography scans to assess self-expandable prosthesis non-uniform expansion at 6 pre-specified valvular levels, and other specific parameters, including valvular and perivalvular thrombosis at 6 months follow-up. Echocardiographic prosthesis performance and clinical outcome were also evaluated.

RESULTS
Mean eccentricity was significantly higher in the bicuspid group (0.43 (0.09) vs 0.37 (0.08), P = 0.005, bicuspid vs tricuspid); valvular and perivalvular thrombosis were also significantly more frequent in the bicuspid than in the tricuspid group (81% vs 36.9%, P = 0.031); there was no significant difference in terms of mean prosthetic gradient at follow-up between (7.31 (5.53 mmHg) vs 7.09 (3.05 mmHg), P = 0.825); EOAi (indexed effective orifice area) was also similar between bicuspid and tricuspid (1.08 (0.12 cm2) vs 1.03 (0.13 cm2), P = 0.101), with no significant changes compared to discharge. However, the bicuspid valve was associated with a significantly higher risk of adverse events (HR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.07–13.4, P = 0.027).

CONCLUSIONS
Higher level of eccentricity, which indicates prosthesis deformation, is often detected in bicuspid valves. Although echocardiographic performance was not affected, this might have led to an increased incidence of thrombosis at valvular and perivalvular levels and worse outcomes.
Age- and sex-stratified risks of myocarditis and pericarditis attributable to COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kitano Taito , Salmon Daniel A , Dudley Matthew Z , Saldanha Ian J , Thompson David A , Engineer Lilly 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although COVID-19 vaccines are generally very safe, the risks of myocarditis and pericarditis after receiving an messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine have been established, with the highest risk in young men. Most systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the risk of myocarditis or pericarditis have included passive surveillance data, which is subject to reporting errors. Accurate measures of age-, sex-, and vaccine dose– and type–specific risks are crucial for assessment of the benefits and risks of the vaccination. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risks of myocarditis and pericarditis attributable COVID-19 vaccines were conducted, stratified by age groups, sex, vaccine type, and vaccine dose. Five electronic databases and gray literature sources were searched on November 21, 2023. Article about studies that compared a COVID-19–vaccinated group with an unvaccinated group or time period (eg, self-controlled) were included. Passive surveillance data were excluded. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. A total of 4030 records were identified; ultimately, 17 articles were included in this review. Compared with unvaccinated groups or unvaccinated time periods, the highest attributable risk of myocarditis or pericarditis was observed after the second dose in boys aged 12-17 years (10.18 per 100 000 doses [95% CI, 0.50-19.87]) of the BNT162b2 vaccine and in young men aged 18-24 years (attributable risk, 20.02 per 100 000 doses [95% CI, 10.47-29.57]) for the mRNA-1273 vaccine. The stratified results based on active surveillance data provide the most accurate available estimates of the risks of myocarditis and pericarditis attributable to specific COVID-19 vaccinations for specific populations.
Trial registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) Identifier: CRD42023443343
New technologies and jobs in Europe
Authors: Albanesi Stefania , Dias da Silva António , Jimeno Juan F , Lamo Ana , Wabitsch Alena 
Published: December 2024

Summary
We examine the link between labour market developments and new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and software in 16 European countries over the period 2011–9. Using data for occupations at the three-digit level, we find that on average employment shares have increased in occupations more exposed to AI. This is particularly the case for occupations with a relatively higher proportion of younger and skilled workers. While there exists heterogeneity across countries, only very few countries show a decline in employment shares of occupations more exposed to AI-enabled automation. Country heterogeneity for this result seems to be linked to the pace of technology diffusion and education, but also to the level of product market regulation (competition) and employment protection laws. In contrast to the findings for employment, we find little evidence for a relationship between relative wages across occupations and potential exposures to new technologies.
Brittle bridges: ethnic segregation across and within civic organizations
Authors: Dederichs Kasimir , Wiertz Dingeman 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Civic organizations are often depicted as vehicles for social integration: Since they gather people around common interests and have relatively low entry barriers, they may facilitate interactions that bridge social divides prevailing in other domains. However, this hopeful portrayal rests on several critical yet largely untested assumptions. This study more closely investigates the bridging potential of civic organizations, focusing on ethnicity as a key social boundary. Using unique Dutch survey data, we show that: (i) There is strong ethnic segregation across civic organizations, which persists after accounting for educational differences between individuals and organizations; (ii) There is ethnic segregation within civic organizations in participants’ contacts with co-members; (iii) Participants integrate less well in organizations with more ethnic outgroup members and are more likely to leave such organizations. In sum, homophilous sorting dynamics when people join, interact within, and leave civic organizations limit their capacity to facilitate positive inter-ethnic contact. Additional efforts are thus necessary for civic organizations to fully live up to their bridging potential and mitigate rather than reinforce existing ethnic divides.
Screen-detected breast cancer and cancer stage by area-level deprivation: a descriptive analysis using data from the National Cancer Registry Ireland
Authors: White Philippa , Brennan Aline , McDevitt Joe , Murray Deirdre , Mohan Caroline Mason , Fitzpatrick Patricia , Mooney Therese , Smith Alan , Mullooly Maeve , Bambury Niamh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer screening programmes can lead to better disease outcomes, but women from deprived backgrounds are less likely to participate and more likely to present with late-stage cancer. This study aimed to explore associations between deprivation and breast cancer screening outcomes in Ireland during 2009–2018. Data on all female breast cancer cases diagnosed in Ireland during 2009–2018 were extracted from the National Cancer Registry Ireland. Associations between area-level deprivation, using the Pobal Haase-Pratschke deprivation index, and detection of breast cancer through BreastCheck, Ireland’s breast screening programme, and stage of screen-detected breast cancer were explored. Unadjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Among screening eligible women in Ireland in 2009–2018, there was no difference in risk of breast cancer detection through BreastCheck across deprivation quintiles (RR for most compared to least deprived group: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.96–1.06). In women with screen-detected breast cancer, the risk of late-stage cancer detection increased with deprivation in 2009–2013 (RR for most compared to least deprived group: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.10–1.93), but no association was observed between deprivation and cancer stage in 2014–2018. Notwithstanding its limitations, including the risk of confounding by uncontrolled variables, this study suggests screening eligible women in Ireland have had similar outcomes from breast cancer screening, regardless of deprivation level, since the national roll-out of BreastCheck. Associations between deprivation and screening outcomes should continue to be monitored to ensure Ireland’s breast cancer screening programme is helping to reduce health inequities.
What can we gain from modeling complex hybrid incompatibilities?
Authors: Ayala-Lopez Julio A , Bank Claudia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Speciation occurs when populations become reproductively isolated. The contribution of intrin-sic postzygotic incompatibilities to the buildup of reproductive isolation during the speciation process and their effectiveness as an isolating barrier upon secondary contact is contentious.Although the century-old (Bateson-)Dobzhansky-Muller (BDM) model is widely accepted as an explanation for the existence of intrinsic hybrid incompatibilities, theory predicts that the resulting incompatibilities are poor barriers to gene flow. That is because the fitness landscape underlying the BDM model does not necessarily contain a fitness valley. Highlighting empirical evidence and theoretical studies of complex hybrid incompatibilities, we here argue how mod- els of multi-locus hybrid incompatibilities, which incorporate tunable epistasis and dominance,may challenge existing theoretical predictions and improve our understanding of the short- and long-term consequences of hybridization.
Living Apart Together and Older Adults’ Mental Health in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hu Yang , Coulter Rory 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Living apart together (LAT)—intimate partners living in separate households—is a common partnership type among older adults. Although the mental health benefits of intimate partnerships are widely documented, how LAT relates to older adults’ mental health remains understudied.

Methods
Analyzing Waves 3–13 (2011–2023) of the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study, we use fixed effects models to examine (1) how older adults’ mental health varies with LAT, marriage, cohabitation, and singlehood (never married, widowed, divorced/separated); and (2) how transitions into and out of LAT, compared to marriage and cohabitation, relate to older adults’ mental health.

Results
Overall, older adults have better mental health when LAT than when single, but little difference in mental health is found across LAT, cohabitation and marital partnerships. While older singles moving into LAT experience mental health improvements, those moving from LAT to singlehood suffer mental health declines. Although the mental health benefits of moving into LAT are smaller than those of entering cohabitation and particularly marriage, exiting LAT is associated with smaller mental health declines compared to exiting cohabitation and marriage. No statistically significant gender difference is found in the mental health benefits of LAT.

Discussion
The findings underscore LAT as a key form of family diversity in later life. They problematize the long-held ideal of coresidence in couple relationships and its role in sustaining older adults’ mental health. They encourage researchers to go beyond the household as a default unit of analysis and examine interhousehold intimate connections in older adults’ lives.
The discrepancy between objective and subjective assessments of catastrophic health expenditure: evidence from China
Authors: Guo Bingqing , Liu Chaojie , Yao Qiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The pro-rich nature of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) indicators has garnered criticism, inspiring the exploration of the subjective approach as a complementary method. However, no studies have examined the discrepancy between subjective and objective approaches. Employing data from the Chinese Social Survey (CSS) 2013–2021 waves, we analysed the discrepancy between objective and subjective CHE and its associated socioeconomic factors using logit regression modelling. Overall, self-rating generated higher CHE incidence (28.35% to 33.72%) compared to objective indicators (9.92% to 21.97%). Objective indicators did not support 17.57% to 23.90% of self-rated cases of household CHE, while 2.73% to 8.42% of households classified with CHE by objective indicators did not self-rate with CHE. The normative subsistence spending indicator showed the least consistency with self-rating (70.66% to 74.28%), while the budget share method produced the most consistent estimation (72.73% to 76.10%). Living with elderly and young children [adjusted odds ratios (AOR): 1.069 to 1.169, P &lt; 0.1], lower educational attainment (AOR: 1.106 to 1.225, P &lt; 0.1), lower income (AOR: 1.394 to 2.062, P &lt; 0.01), and lower perceived social class (AOR: 1.537 to 2.801, P &lt; 0.05) were associated with higher odds of self-rated CHE without support from objective indicators. Conversely, low socioeconomic status (AOR: 0.324 to 0.819, P &lt; 0.1) was associated with lower odds of missing CHE cases classified by objective indicators in self-rating. The commonly used objective indicators for assessing CHE may attract doubts about their fairness from socioeconomically disadvantaged people. The CHE subjective approach can be adopted as a complementary measure to monitor financial risk protection.