bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing the contribution of snow water equivalent to the terrestrial water storage over Canada
Authors: Bahrami Ala , Goïta Kalifa , Magagi Ramata 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, the spatial and temporal variabilities of terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) and snow water equivalent anomaly (SWEA) information obtained from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) twin satellites data were analysed in conjunction with multisource snow products over several basins in the Canadian landmass. Snow water equivalent (SWE) data were extracted from three different sources: Global Snow Monitoring for Climate Research version 2 (GlobSnow2), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E), and Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC). The objective of the study was to understand whether SWE variations have a significant contribution to terrestrial water storage anomalies in the Canadian landmass. The period was considered from December 2002 to March 2011. Significant relationships were observed between TWSA and SWEA for most of the 15 basins considered (53% to 80% of the basins, depending on the SWE products considered). The best results were obtained with the CMC SWE products compared with satellite‐based SWE data. Stronger relationships were found in snow‐dominated basins (Rs > = 0.7), such as the Liard [root mean square error (RMSE) = 21.4 mm] and Peace Basins (RMSE = 26.76 mm). However, despite high snow accumulation in the north of Quebec, GRACE showed weak or insignificant correlations with SWEA, regardless of the data sources. The same behaviour was observed in the Western Hudson Bay basin. In both regions, it was found that the contribution of non‐SWE compartments including wetland, surface water, as well as soil water storages has a significant impact on the variations of total storage. These components were estimated using the Water‐Global Assessment and Prognosis Global Hydrology Model (WGHM) simulations and then subtracted from GRACE observations. The GRACE‐derived SWEA correlation results showed improved relationships with three SWEA products. The improvement is particularly important in the sub‐basins of the Hudson Bay, where very weak and insignificant results were previously found with GRACE TWSA data. GRACE‐derived SWEA showed a significant relationship with CMC data in 93% of the basins (13% more than GRACE TWSA). Overall, the results indicated the important role of SWE on terrestrial water storage variations.
Fluorescence fingerprints of oral bacteria
Authors: Kang Si‐Mook , de Josselin de Jong Elbert , Higham Susan M. , Hope Christopher K. , Kim Baek‐Il 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe rapid detection and identification of microorganisms is one of the most important factors in many cases of ill health. The purpose of this study was to determine the fluorescence characteristics of seven oral bacteria using emission spectra with the aim of distinguishing between the bacteria, and to compare fluorescence imaging methods for the direct assessment of oral bacteria. Fluorescence images of each bacterium were obtained under a 405‐nm light source using a two‐filter system. The emissions of all samples were measured with a fluorescence spectrometer. The complete fluorescence data set collected for each sample employed a three‐dimensional data cube. The differences in the autofluorescence characteristics of the seven oral bacteria were determined by principal components analysis (PCA). The fluorescence images of the oral bacteria varied with the genus and the filter system. The three‐dimensional excitation‐emission matrix fluorescence spectra exhibited distinctive fluorescence features associated with intracellular fluorophores. The seven bacteria could be clearly differentiated on the PCA score plot. The findings of this study indicate that oral bacteria can be identified based on their autofluorescence characteristics. Fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with PCA can be used to detect and classify oral bacteria.
Fan‐shaped scanning approach for miniaturized photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Yang Hao , Shan Tianqi , Yang Lily , Jiang Huabei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describe a novel scanning approach for miniaturized photoacoustic tomography (PAT), based on fan‐shaped scanning of a single transducer at one or two discrete positions. This approach is tested and evaluated using several phantom and animal experiments. The results obtained show that this new scanning approach provides high image quality in the configuration of miniaturized handheld or endoscopic PAT with improved effective field of view and penetration depth.
Three‐dimensional cryogel matrix for spheroid formation and anti‐cancer drug screening
Authors: Singh Archana , Tayalia Prakriti 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpheroid‐based systems have been developed as alternatives to two‐dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures for understanding 3D cell behavior and conducting in vitro drug screening tests. However, spheroids are easily disrupted while handling and do not mimic the presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. To address that, we have developed a cost‐effective, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), and gelatin methacryloyl (GELMA) based semi‐synthetic cryogel matrix system, which can be used to grow spheroids and conduct studies while providing architectural support and mimicking in vivo ECM components. These matrices are macroporous and support formation of tumor‐like spheroids of breast tumor epithelial (MCF‐7) cells in the absence of additional growth factors otherwise required for spheroid formation. Difference in morphology of cells as a function of matrix composition and increase in size and number of spheroids as a function of time was observed. Spheroids grown in cryogel matrices showed more drug resistance than their 2D counterparts, which can partially be explained by the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) observed in spheroids. We believe that spheroids formed through these PEGDA–GELMA cryogel matrices better represent in vivo pathological conditions and can help develop cost‐effective in vitro assays for screening new pharmacological drug candidates and performing cell mechanistic studies.
Micro‐RNA‐incorporated electrospun nanofibers improve osteogenic differentiation of human‐induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Tahmasebi Aylin , Enderami Seyed E. , Saburi Ehsan , Islami Maryam , Yaslianifard Somayeh , Mahabadi Javad A. , Ardeshirylajimi Abdolreza , Soleimanifar Fatemeh , Moghadam Abbas S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSmart scaffolds have a great role in the damaged tissue reconstruction. The aim of this study was developing a scaffold that in addition to its fiber's topography has also content of micro‐RNAs (miRNAs), which play a regulatory role during osteogenesis. In this study, we inserted two important miRNAs, including miR‐22 and miR‐126 in the electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers and after scaffold characterization, osteoinductivity of the fabricated nanofibers was investigated by evaluating of the osteogenic differentiation potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) when grown on miRNAs‐incorporated PCL nanofibers (PCL‐miR) and empty PCL. MiRNAs incorporation had no effect on the fibers size and morphology, cell attachment, and protein adsorption, although viability and proliferation rate of the human iPSCs were increased after a week in PCL‐miR compared to the empty PCL. The results obtained from alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content, bone‐related genes, and proteins expression assays demonstrated that the highest osteogenic markers were observed in iPSCs grown on the PCL‐miR compared to the cells cultured on PCL and culture plate. According to the results, miR‐incorporated PCL nanofibers could be considered as a promising potential tissue‐engineered construct for the treatment of patients with bone lesions and defects.
Developmental antecedents of adolescent optimism in rural midwestern U.S. Latinx youth
Authors: Taylor Zoe E. , Kittrell Nicolette , Nair Nayantara , Evich Carly D. , Jones Blake L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsDecades of scientific research have found optimism to have wide‐ranging effects on individuals' health and well‐being. Researchers have largely examined optimism in adults, but have begun addressing the benefits of optimism in adolescents. Challenges and stressors in adolescence can threaten youths' subjective well‐being; therefore, identifying factors that contribute to the growth of optimism could have important health implications. However, researchers have more often examined the effect of optimism on youth outcomes rather than factors that might positively or negatively contribute to the development of optimism.MethodsWe assessed how salient developmental tasks (resilience, ethnic pride, and school attachment), family stress, and depressive problems individually contribute to Latinx youths' optimism at two time points (N = 123, 58.8% female, M age = 11.54 years).ResultsWe found support for associations between both resilience and school attachment and optimism, but findings were weaker across time and with stressors included in the model. Depressive problems also appeared to weaken optimism across time.ConclusionGiven the established links between optimism and health, it will be important for researchers to continue to identify factors that contribute to the development of youth optimism, and assess whether they could be used in interventions to foster optimism.
Association of polymorphisms in LOC105377871 and CASC16 with breast cancer in the northwest Chinese Han population
Authors: Sun Yao , Chen Peng , Wu Jiamin , Xiong Zichao , Liu Yuanwei , Liu Jianfeng , Li Haiyue , Li Bin , Jin Tianbo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer represents the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality among women in the world, and its pathogenesis is complex. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are one of the factors that influence the risk of breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of LOC105377871 and CASC16 polymorphisms on the risk of breast cancer in the northwest Chinese Han population.MethodsWe selected 503 breast cancer patients and 503 healthy controls for the present study. Genotyping was performed using the Agena MassARRAY system (Agenea Bioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) and we evaluated the association between SNPs (rs17530068 and rs4784227) and the risk of breast cancer in four genetic models. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIt was found that the rs17530068 increased the breast cancer risk in log‐additive model (p = 0.047, OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00–1.50). After stratification, the “T” allele of rs4784227 increased the risk of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients (allele: p = 0.025, OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.05–2.17; codominant model: p = 0.008, OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.20–3.31; dominant model: p = 0.008, OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.19–3.16; log‐additive model: p = 0.023, OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.06–2.19).ConclusionsThe results of the present study show that, in the northwest Chinese Han population, SNP rs17530068 (LOC105377871) increases the risk of breast cancer and SNP rs4784227 (CASC16) promotes lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients.
New expressions for order polynomials and chromatic polynomials
Authors: Dong Fengming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLet be a simple graph with and be its chromatic polynomial. For an ordering of elements of , let be the number of integers , where , with either or . Let be the set of subsets of , where , which induces a subgraph of with as its only edge. We show that if and only if , where the sum runs over all orderings of . To prove this result, we establish an analogous result on order polynomials of posets and apply Stanley's work on the relation between chromatic polynomials and order polynomials.
Daily and event‐driven pre‐exposure prophylaxis for men who have sex with men in Belgium: results of a prospective cohort measuring adherence, sexual behaviour and STI incidence
Authors: Vuylsteke Bea , Reyniers Thijs , De Baetselier Irith , Nöstlinger Christiana , Crucitti Tania , Buyze Jozefien , Kenyon Chris , Wouters Kristien , Laga Marie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionPre‐Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in reducing the risk for HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) and may have an important impact in slowing down the HIV epidemic. Concerns remain however about low adherence, increased risk behaviour and reduced condom use when using PrEP. The aim of this study was to assess these factors prospectively among MSM using daily and event‐driven PrEP in Belgium.MethodsAn open‐label prospective cohort study was conducted from October 2017 to May 2018 at the Institute of Tropical Medicine, in Antwerp, Belgium. At enrolment, MSM at high risk for HIV chose between daily or event‐driven PrEP. They were allowed to switch regimens or stop taking PrEP at each of their tri‐monthly visits. Data were collected on an electronic case report form, web‐based diary and self‐administered questionnaire. Screening for HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) was also performed.ResultsTwo hundred MSM were followed up for a total duration of 318 person‐years. At month 18, 75.4% of the participants were on daily and 24.6% were on event‐driven PrEP. The mean proportion of covered sex acts by PrEP for the complete follow‐up period was 91.5% for all participants, 96.5% for daily and 67.0% for event‐driven PrEP use. The number of casual and anonymous sex partners was significantly higher for daily users, as compared with event‐driven users, but did not change over time. In contrast, the mean proportion of condomless receptive anal intercourse with casual and anonymous partners increased significantly during follow‐up, for both daily and event‐driven use (p < 0.0001 for all 4 trends). No new HIV infection was diagnosed during follow‐up. The incidence of bacterial STIs was 75.4 per 100 person‐years (95% CI 63.8 to 89.1). We did not detect a significant change in N. gonorrhoeae/C. trachomatis incidence over time. The incidence of hepatitis C was 2.9 per 100 person‐years.ConclusionsPrEP is an effective and well adopted HIV prevention tool for MSM in Belgium. Participants adapted daily and event‐driven regimens to their own needs and were able to adapt their PrEP adherence to risk exposure.
Pattern recognition analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)‐MRI curves automatically segments tissue areas with intact blood–brain barrier in a rat stroke model: A feasibility and comparison study
Authors: Jin Seokha , Han SoHyun , Stoyanova Radka , Ackerstaff Ellen , Cho HyungJoon 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe manual segmentation of intact blood–brain barrier (BBB) regions in the stroke brain is cumbersome, due to the coexistence of infarction, large blood vessels, ventricles, and intact BBB regions, specifically in areas with weak signal enhancement following contrast agent injection.HypothesisThat from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)‐MRI alone, without user intervention, regions of weak BBB damage can be segmented based on the leakage‐related parameter K
2 and the extent of intact BBB regions, needed to estimate K
2 values, determined.Study TypeFeasibility.Animal ModelTen female Sprague–Dawley rats (SD, 200–250g) underwent 1‐hour middle carotid artery occlusion (MCAO) and 1‐day reperfusion. Two SD rats underwent 1‐hour MCAO with 3‐day and 5‐day reperfusion.Field Strength/Sequence7T; ADC and T1 maps using diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging (EPI) and relaxation enhancement (RARE) with variable repetition time (TR), respectively. dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI using FLASH. DSC‐MRI using gradient‐echo EPI.AssessmentConstrained nonnegative matrix factorization (cNMF) was applied to the dynamic ‐curves of DSC‐MRI (<4 min) in a BBB‐disrupted rat model. Areas of voxels with intact BBB, classified by automated cNMF analyses, were then used in estimating K
1 and K
2 values, and compared with corresponding values from manually‐derived areas.Statistical TestsMean ± standard deviation of ΔT1‐differences between ischemic and healthy areas were displayed with unpaired Student's t‐tests. Scatterplots were displayed with slopes and intercepts and Pearson's r values were evaluated between K
2 maps obtained with automatic (cNMF)‐ and manually‐derived regions of interest (ROIs) of the intact BBB region.ResultsMildly BBB‐damaged areas (indistinguishable from DCE‐MRI (10 min) parameters) were automatically segmented. Areas of voxels with intact BBB, classified by automated cNMF, matched closely the corresponding, manually‐derived areas when respective areas were used in estimating K
2 maps (Pearson's r = 0.97, 12 slices).Data ConclusionAutomatic segmentation of short DSC‐MRI data alone successfully identified areas with intact and compromised BBB in the stroke brain and compared favorably with manual segmentation.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1369–1381.
Detection of small molecule concentration gradients in ocular tissues and humours
Authors: Boughton Berin A. , Thomas Oliver R.B. , Demarais Nicholas J. , Trede Dennis , Swearer Stephen E. , Grey Angus C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe eye is an elegant organ consisting of a number of tissues and fluids with specialised functions that together allow it to effectively transmit and transduce light input to the brain for visual perception. One key determinant of this integrated function is the spatial relationship of ocular tissues. Biomolecular distributions within the main ocular tissues cornea, lens, and retina have been studied extensively in isolation, yet the potential for metabolic communication between ocular tissues via the ocular humours has been difficult to visualise. To address this limitation, the current study presents a method to map spatial distributions of metabolites and small molecules in whole eyes, including ocular humours. Using a tape‐transfer system and freeze‐drying, the spatial distribution of ocular small molecules was investigated in mouse, rat, fish (black bream), and rabbit eyes using negative ion mode MALDI imaging mass spectrometry. Full‐scan imaging was used for discovery experiments, while MS/MS imaging for identification and localisation was also demonstrated. In all eyes, metabolites such as glutathione and phospholipids were localised in the main ocular tissues. In addition, in rodent eyes, major metabolites were distributed relatively uniformly in ocular humours. In contrast, both uniform and spatially defined ocular metabolite distributions were observed in the black bream eye. Tissue and ocular humour distributions were reproducible, as demonstrated by the three‐dimensional analysis of a mouse eye, and able to be captured with high spatial resolution analysis. The presented method could be used to further investigate the role of inter‐tissue metabolism in ocular health, and to support the development of therapeutics to treat major ocular diseases.
Pharmacokinetics of 13 active components in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion after intravenous injection of Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae‐Lignum dalbergiae odoriferae prescription
Authors: Shi Baimei , Li Qiannan , Feng Ying , Dai Xufen , Zhao Rui , Zhao Ye , Jia Pu , Wang Shixiang , Yu Jie , Liao Sha , Li Yi‐fei , Zheng Xiaohui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs a representative formulation of Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen)‐Lignum Dalbergiae odoriferae (Jiangxiang), Xiangdan injection is widely prescribed for cardio‐ and cerebrovascular diseases in practice. This necessitates a pharmacokinetic investigation of this formulation to make it safer and more broadly applicable. We developed and validated a sensitive, selective, and reliable high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 11 phenolic compounds including danshensu plus two diterpenoid quinones like cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA in rat. We applied this method for the pharmacokinetic studies of the 13 compounds in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion after intravenous injection of Xiangdan injection or Danshen injection. In sham‐operated rats, the animals taking Xiangdan injection exhibited significant growth of the area under the curve for danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, and tanshinone IIA compared with the changes seen in the data of those administrated with Danshen injection. Such a pattern was also observed in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats, whereas increased the area under the curve values were observed for danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and tanshinone IIA. These results demonstrated that synergistic interactions occurred between the components of Danshen and the active compounds of Jiangxiang both in sham‐operated and middle cerebral artery occlusion rats, increasing the bioavailability of Danshen. The results presented herein can be used to determine a reference dose for the clinical application of Xiangdan injection, and to elucidate the synergistic mechanism of Danshen and Jiangxiang.
Microvascular free tissue transfer and cochlear implants: A case series and literature review
Authors: Lindquist Nathan R. , Vinh Daniel B. , Appelbaum Eric N. , Vrabec Jeffrey T. , Huang Andrew T. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThe use of microvascular free tissue transfer (MVFTT) for defects of the scalp and lateral temporal bone in patients with cochlear implants (CI) is uncommon. Herein, we report our experience with the utility, indications, and outcomes for MVFTT in patients with cochlear implants.MethodsA retrospective review of patients at our institution from September 2016 to December 2017 identified subjects with coexistent cochlear implant and ipsilateral MVFTT of the lateral temporal bone or scalp. Information including demographics, indication for MVFTT, timing of CI and MVFTT, donor site, and previous radiation to the head and neck was collected. To assess the current literature on MVFTT in CI patients, a MEDLINE search was performed using key search terms.ResultsTwo patients with cochlear implants and MVFTT of the ipsilateral temporal bone or scalp were identified. One patient underwent MVFTT for advanced device extrusion with stable audiometric parameters rather than locoregional reconstruction or device explantation. The second patient had primary cochlear implantation at oncologic lateral temporal bone resection (LTBR) and MVFTT for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma and concurrent profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). A literature review identifies MVFTT as an option for advanced device extrusion, treatment of osteoradionecrosis, and reconstruction after primary oncologic surgery.ConclusionMVFTT is an important reconstructive tool for patients with functional, exposed cochlear implants. Cochlear implantation for severe to profound SNHL should be considered at the time of primary oncologic surgery and MVFTT of the lateral temporal bone or scalp.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 130:1552–1557, 2020