bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Expandable Architected Breathing Tube for Improving Airway Securement in Emergency Care
Authors: Berard David , Navarro Juan David , Bascos Gregg , Harb Angel , Feng Yusheng , De Lorenzo Robert , Hood R. Lyle , Restrepo David 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Life-saving interventions utilize endotracheal intubation to secure a patient’s airway, but performance of the clinical standard of care endotracheal tube (ETT) is inadequate. For instance, in the current COVID-19 crisis, patients can expect prolonged intubation. This protracted intubation may produce health complications such as tracheal stenosis, pneumonia, and necrosis of tracheal tissue, as current ETTs are not designed for extended use. In this work, we propose an improved ETT design that seeks to overcome these limitations by utilizing unique geometries which enable a novel expanding cylinder. The mechanism provides a better distribution of the contact forces between the ETT and the trachea, which should enhance patient tolerability. Results show that at full expansion, our new ETT exerts pressures in a silicone tracheal phantom well within the recommended standard of care. Also, preliminary manikin tests demonstrated that the new ETT can deliver similar performance in terms of air pressure and air volume when compared with the current gold standard ETT. The potential benefits of this new architected ETT are threefold, by limiting exposure of healthcare providers to patient pathogens through streamlining the intubation process, reducing downstream complications, and eliminating the need of multiple size ETT as one architected ETT fits all
Temporal Contact Graph Reveals the Evolving Epidemic Situation of COVID-19
Authors: Wu Mincheng , Li Chao , Shen Zhangchong , He Shibo , Tang Lingling , Zheng Jie , Fang Yi , Li Kehan , Cheng Yanggang , Shi Zhiguo , Sheng Guoping , Liu Yu , Zhu Jinxing , Ye Xingjiang , Chen Jinlai , Chen Wenrong , Li Lanjuan , Sun Youxian , Chen Jiming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Contact tracing APPs have been recently advocated by many countries (e.g., the United Kingdom, Australia, etc.) as part of control measures on COVID-19. Controversies have been raised about their effectiveness in practice as it still remains unclear how they can be fully utilized to fuel the fight against COVID-19. In this article, we show that an abundance of information can be extracted from contact tracing for COVID-19 prevention and control, providing the first data-driven evidence that supports the wide implementation of such APPs. Specifically, we construct a temporal contact graph that quantifies the daily contacts between infectious and susceptible individuals by exploiting a large volume of location related data contributed by 10,527,737 smartphone users in Wuhan, China. Five time-varying indicators we introduce can accurately capture actual contact trends at individual and population levels, demonstrating that travel restriction in Wuhan played an important role in containing COVID-19. We reveal a strong correlation (Pearson coefficient 0.929) between daily confirmed cases and daily total contacts, which can be utilized as a new and efficient way to evaluate and predict the evolving epidemic situation of COVID-19. Further, we find that there is a prominent distinction of contact behaviors between the infected and uninfected contacted individuals, and design an infection risk evaluation framework to identify infected ones. This can help narrow down the search of high risk contacted individuals for quarantine. Our results indicate that user involvement has an explicit impact on individual-level contact trend estimation while minor impact on situation evaluation, offering guidelines for governments to implement contact tracing APPs.
An Investigation of the Effects of Lifting Quarantine Conditions after the Peak of COVID-19 Pandemic Using the Cellular Automata Approach
Authors: Ghaemi Mehrdad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A cellular automata model for simulating the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 disease in a small city is given. In the model, people are allowed to leave and return to their homes, and the time of the peak in different quarantine conditions is estimated. It is shown that the removal of quarantine conditions, even one month after reaching the peak, increases the number of total infected and total dead cases significantly.
Cytokine release syndrome is not usually caused by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a cohort of 19 critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Lorenz Georg , Moog Philipp , Bachmann Quirin , Rosee Paul La , Schneider Heike , Schlegl Michaela , Spinner Christoph , Heemann Uwe , Schmid Roland M , Algül Hana , Lahmer Tobias , Huber Wolfgang , Schmaderer Christoph 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe COVID-19 associated respiratory failure, poses the one challenge of our days. Assessment and treatment of COVID-19 associated hyperinflammation may be key to improve outcomes. It was speculated that in subgroups of patients secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) or cytokine release syndrome (CRS) with features of macrophage activation syndrome might drive severe disease trajectories. If confirmed, profound immunosuppressive therapy would be a rationale treatment approach.Methods: Over a median observation period of 11 (IQR: 8; 16) days, 19 consecutive confirmed severe COVID-19-patients admitted to our intensive-care-unit were tested for presence of sHLH by two independent experts. HScores and 2004-HLH diagnostic criteria were assessed. Patients were grouped according to short-term clinical courses: discharge from ICU versus ongoing ARDS or death at time of analysis.Results: The median HScore at admission was 157 (IQR: 98;180), without the key clinical triad of HLH, i.e. progressive cytopenia, persistent fever and organomegaly. Independent expert chart review revealed the absence of sHLH in all cases. No patient reached more than 3/6 of modified HLH 2004 criteria. Nevertheless, patients presented hyperinflammation with peripheral neutrophilic signatures (neutrophil/lymphocyte-ratio>3.5). The latter best paralleled their short-term clinical courses, with declining relative neutrophil numbers prior to extubation (4.4, [IQR: 2.5;6.3]; n=8) versus those with unfavourable courses (7.6, [IQR: 5.2;31], n=9).Conclusion: Our study rules out virus induced sHLH as the leading cause of most severe-COVID-19 trajectories. Instead, an associated innate neutrophilic hyperinflammatory response or virus-associated-CRS appears dominant in patients with an unfavourable clinical course. Therapeutic implications are discussed.
Modern possibilities of pathogenetic therapy of patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Nikiforova G. N. , Artamonova P. S. , Shevchik E. A. 
Published: May 2020

The incidence of allergic rhinitis has been increasing rapidly worldwide in recent years. About 40% of the world’s population suffer from allergic inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane. Clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis are absence or difficulty of nasal breathing, itching, sneezing, nasal congestion and rhinorrhoea, as well as swelling of the face, the presence of dermatitis in the region of the nasal wings, general malaise, smell disturbance. Manifestations of allergies by ENT organs in most cases do not pose a threat to life, but they can cause the development of other pathological processes, bad sleep, irritability, decreased efficiency, mood swings, which, in turn, adversely affects human health and reduces the quality of life. The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is based on an immediate hypersensitivity. According to the modern classification, depending on the nature of the course of the disease it is common to identify intermittent and persistent forms.At present, the drugs of choice in the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis are intranasal glucocorticosteroids. However, the presence of a concomitant pathology of the nasal cavity in the patient, such as deviated septum, not only significantly impairs the course of nasal inflammatory process, but also creates obstacles to adequate delivery of topical drugs to all parts of the nasal cavity, which, in turn, reduces their effectiveness.For patients suffering from allergic rhinitis in combination with other pathology of the nasal cavity, combined oral medications may be a good alternative to intranasal sprays. Certain interest for doctors is caused by the appearance of a combined antihistamine drug on the Russian market, which includes a blocker of leukotrienes and H1-histamine receptors of the second generation – montelukast and levocetirizine. The drug can be used both in adults and children from 15 years old for treatment of intermittent and persistent forms of allergic rhinitis.Timely and properly performed therapy of allergic rhinitis allows to eliminate symptoms of the disease and prevent the development of complications.
Intranasal glucocorticosteroids for the complex treatment of patients with chronic diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Kochetkov P. A. , Svistushkin V. A. , Shchennikova E. S. 
Published: May 2020

Intriduction. Chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis noticeably deteriorate the patients’ quality of life and lead to the accompanying upper airway pathology development. The main purpose of treatment of this group of patients is to decrease severity of symptoms and the second one to prevent complications. The optimal therapy will help patients to maintain their lifestyle. Intranasal glucocorticosteroids are first-line drugs to treat acute rhinosinusitis or exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis in adults (including the elderly) and adolescents aged 12 years and older as an auxiliary therapeutic agent if treated by antibiotics, and to treat acute rhinosinusitis with mild to moderate symptoms without signs of severe bacterial infection. In the number of trials, mometasone furoate effectiveness in regard to decreasing of prominent symptoms with no side effects development has been shown.Objective: this article reviews available data on the effectiveness of intranasal corticosteroids – mometasone furoate – in the treatment of different forms of chronic inflammatory diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses.Methods: information for this review was identified through a RISC and MEDLINE databases applying key words.Conclusions: based on the available data, treatment of chronic rhinosinusites and rhinitis should be initiated by conservative therapy. Summarizing information from the available literature we can conclude that treatment by mometasone furoate improve quality of life decreasing clinical symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis and rhinitis.
Reflection of modern concepts of therapy in the treatment of allergic diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Ryazantsev S. V. , Pavlova S. S. 
Published: May 2020

The article highlights the urgent problem of modern medicine - allergic diseases. Over the past decades, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of this pathology, the share of which in the general structure of the incidence of the population remains high to this day. The statistics are staggering. According to various sources, various manifestations of allergies affect from 10% to 40% of the world’s population. According to conservative estimates, more than 500 million people in the world. According to epidemiological studies, the amount of atopy is growing by 5-6% every year. The disease has a huge impact on the quality of life of the patient. Needless to say, an allergic disease can be accompanied by complications, including life-threatening. The big financial burden on the budget of our country is the economic costs of combating allergies and its complications. Therefore, the treatment of this nasology is one of the key issues both in the global and in Russian healthcare.Intranasal (topical) corticosteroids (IKS) are the drug of choice in the treatment of patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (AR). However, ICS are widely used in clinical practice and in the treatment of other diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Depending on the nature of the pathological process, the duration of the drug can vary widely: from two weeks to several months or years. The purpose of this work is to systematize relevant publications and analyze possible uses for this group of drugs. The article reflects the issues of epidemiology, etiopathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Consistently considered modern methods of treatment, in particular the use of (ICS) in therapy regimens. The results of international multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials are presented, the purpose of which was to determine and evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of ICS, in particular fluticasone propionate. It is concluded that fluticasone propionate is a modern and effective agent for the pathogenetic treatment of patients with not only allergic but also non-allergic rhinitis and can be recommended in the modern treatment regimen for both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis.
Antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Guseva A. L. , Derbeneva M. L. 
Published: May 2020

Allergic rhinitis is a common allergic disease that have a substantially negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. Pharmacotherapy is essential to the treatment of allergic rhinitis, including the use of antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists, topical steroids, decongestants, cromones, anticholinergics and their various combinations. Antihistamines are commonly prescribed drugs to treat mild, moderate, and severe disease. The article discusses the mechanisms of action of first- and second-generation antihistamines and compares the potential side effects and drug interactions.First-generation antihistamines differ in their significant sedative and hypnotic effect, mainly due to their pronounced lipophilic properties and ability to transverse the blood–brain barrier and bind to H1-histamine receptors in the central nervous system. Due to low selectivity of the first-generation antihistamines, they may interact with other receptors and develop adverse side effects, including dry mouth, nasopharynx, more rarely pupillary dilation, increased intraocular pressure, tachycardia, and urine retention. Bilastine is a highly selective second-generation antihistamine that has a rapid onset and a prolonged action. This drug does not interact with the P450 cytochrome system or undergo significant metabolism in the human body, and therefore the drug has low potential for drug-drug interactions. Bilastine is excreted almost completely unchanged and therefore does not require dose adjustment in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Bilastine demonstrated similar efficacy in seasonal allergic rhinitis compared to cetirizine and desloratadine, as well as similar efficacy and safety in long-term treatment of patients with perennial rhinitis compared to cetirizine. Bilastine is well tolerated both at standard and at supratherapeutic doses, appears to have less sedative potential than other second-generation antihistamines, and has no cardiotoxicity.
Comparative Study of Adhesion of Brackets with Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Technology and Welded bases: In vitro Study
Authors: V. Izquierdo Luis A. , H. Sanches Francyle S. , Molina Francisco , Henriques Rafael P. , Cruz Emerson F. , S. Freitas Karina M. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Brackets bonded to enamel surface depend on the adhesion material and the quality of the bracket base.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of metallic brackets with Metal Injection Molding (MIM) technology base or welded base.

Materials and Methods:
Forty mandibular extracted premolars mounted in acrylic resin blocks were divided randomly into two groups, both bonded with Transbond XT. In Group 1, brackets with MIM technology bases (Masel) were used, and in group 2, brackets with a welded base (Morelli) were used. After 24 hours, all brackets were tested for shear bond strength in a universal testing machine. Intergroup comparison was performed with an independent t test.

Results:
MIM base brackets showed a mean maximum load registered of 107.55 N, a mean shear bond strength of 9.58 MPa with a standard deviation of 5.80 MPa and the welded base brackets showed a mean maximum load of 167.37 N, a mean shear bond strength of 13.28 MPa with a standard deviation of 2.58 MPa. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant, indicating a higher shear bond strength of the welded base brackets.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that the brackets with welded bases presented a significantly higher shear bond strength than the brackets with MIM bases.
Potential for Vegetable Production Towards Food Security in Arabian Peninsula: A Case Study of Oman
Authors: Al Salmi Mouza R. , Nadaf Saleem K. , Mbaga Msafiri D. , Janke Rhonda R. , Al-Busaidi Walid M.S. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
In Oman, the weather is not conducive to year-round cultivation of vegetables. However, these are dual-purpose commodities because they can be grown to achieve food security goals as well as serve as cash crops that generate employment and income. Increasing vegetable production in Oman has the potential to contribute to the government’s economic diversification efforts. Technical efficiency analysis for selected crops indicated the ability to improve crops’ production with the present state of technology in-line with regional food security objectives.

Materials and Methods:
Relevant documents about cultivating vegetables in terms of area, production, price structure, and other factors were extensively researched, analyzed, and presented in tables and figures to show their present and future trends. Researchers surveyed about 118 randomly selected farms across Oman. They also evaluated Technical Efficiency (TE) using a Trans-Logarithmic function (TL) and Cobb Douglas (CD) function with SHAZAM comprehensive economics and statistics package to achieve meaningful results.

Results:
The results include retrospective analysis of area and production of different vegetables cultivated in Oman and their import and export, their price, and its potential increase in vegetable production in Oman for economic diversification in domestic consumption and export markets. They also identified trends in organic vegetable cultivation, and sales showed the potential to increase production levels and assist government efforts to increase agriculture’s contribution to the gross domestic product of Oman. Technical efficiency for tomato in selected samples indicated the ability to improve production beyond 20% with the present state of technology.

Conclusion:
Analysis of data on ordinary vegetable cultivation established that the outlook for global vegetable supply and demand is attractive. The global demand for vegetables, is increasing and will continue to do so. Moreover, growth is especially strong in demand for organic vegetables in wealthier countries such as Switzerland, Sweden, and the United Arab Emirates. Technical efficiency analysis indicated a potential increase in the production of vegetables with the present state of technology.
Sportcivil társaságok – megközelítések és tények
Authors: Szabados György , Helmeczi András , Bácsné Bába Éva , Fenyves Veronika , Bács Zoltán , Dajnoki Krisztina 
Published: May 2020

Magyarországon az 1989-es rendszerváltást követően kezdődött meg a civil szektor erősödése, több törvényi átmenetet követően mindenekelőtt a jelenleg is hatályos 2011. éviCLXXV. törvény (rövid nevén civil törvény, Civiltv. vagy Ectv.) szabályozza a szektor működését, kiegészülve további törvényi háttérrel. Az új szabályozás lényeges eleme egy, az addigiaktól alapvetően eltérő szervezeti forma, az ún. civil társaság megjelenése, mely szokatlan szervezeti forma nemzetközi szinten is. A KSH 2019. év végén megjelent, a hazai nonprofitok statisztikai áttekintését lehetővé tévő adatbázis gyakorlatilag semmiféle információt nem tartalmaz az új szervezeti forma működési sajátosságaira, adataira vonatkozóan, sőt, igazából alig lehet valamit tudni róluk, mely okkal kelti fel a kutató érdeklődését a téma és a szervezeti forma iránt. A lehetséges szekunder adatokon túl egy, a közelmúltban befejezett sportcivil szervezeti kutatás primer adatbázisa ugyanakkor tartalmaz, ha alacsony elemszámban is, olyan alapvető adatokat, mely kiinduló pontot jelenthet a sporttal összefüggésbe hozható civil társaságok egyes sajátosságainak feltárására.
A fogyatékos és a megváltozott munkaképességű személyek munkavégző képességének megítélése
Authors: Balázs-Földi Emese 
Published: May 2020

A fogyatékos és megváltozott munkaképességű személyek foglalkoztatottsága mind hazánkban, mind az Európai Unióban jelentős mértékben elmarad a nem fogyatékossággal élő emberekétől. Az alacsony foglalkoztatási ráta hátterében kutatási eredmények szerint részben az érintett munkavállalói csoporttal kapcsolatos diszkriminatív attitűdök állnak. A munkaerő-piaci beilleszkedésben a munkáltatói attitűdökön kívül jelentős szerepet játszik a szervezetben dolgozó munkavállalók szemlélete, mivel ők azok, akik, mint munkatársak nap, mint nap együtt dolgoznak a fogyatékos és megváltozott munkaképességű munkavállalókkal.
Jelen tanulmány során bemutatott vizsgálati eredmények arra a kutatási kérdésre fókuszálnak, hogy a kérdőíves felmérésbe bevont 747 fő a munkavégző képesség alapján tesz-e különbséget a fogyatékos, illetve a megváltozott munkaképességű munkavállaló között? Ha igen, akkor milyen különbségek figyelhetők meg, illetve milyen tényezők gyakorolnak pozitív hatást szemléletükre? Hogyan jellemezhetők azok a munkavállalók, akik magasabb szintű befogadó attitűdöket mutatnak?
Az egészségfejlesztés emberi tőkére gyakorolt munkaerő-piaci hatásai
Authors: Gottfried Péter 
Published: May 2020

Napjainkban egyre nagyobb mértékben van jelen a munkahelyi egészségfejlesztés, hazánkban és nemzetközi viszonylatban is. A kutatásomban szakirodalmi elemzés segítéségével arra kerestem a választ, hogy a munkahelyi egészségfejlesztő programok, azon belül pedig a fizikai aktivitás hogyan befolyásolja a munkavállalók keresőképességét, valamint a termelékenységet. A termelékenység esetében jelentős faktor az emberi tőke. Az emberi tőkét úgy definiálhatjuk, hogy az ember belső, személyétől elkülöníthetetlen adottságai, jellemvonásainak összessége, amelyre beruházás útján részesül és eredményeként növeli az egyén termelékenységét. A beruházás lehet egészségügyi célú költések (egészségfejlesztő programok), a kötelező oktatáson kívüli tanórák költségei és a legideálisabb munkahelyi állás megtalálásának időköltségeit is ide sorolhatjuk.
A vizsgálatom során szekunder adatgyűjtést hajtottam végre. Kutatásomban elsősorban az egészségfejlesztés és a fizikai aktivitással foglalkozó szakirodalmi forrásokat tekintettem át. A szakirodalmi források áttekintése után, a kutatás eredményeként összeségben elmondható, hogy az egészségfejlesztés és azon belül a fizikai aktivitásba történő beruházás előmozdítja az egészség javulását, valamint az életkereset és a munkatermelékenység növelését is.