bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in leaf phenology between juvenile and adult individuals of two tree species in a seasonally dry tropical woodland
Authors: de Souza Ana Carolina Petisco , da Costa Rafael Carvalho 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn temperate forests, juvenile trees anticipate leaf phenology compared to adults, thus avoiding shading and herbivory. This is also expected to occur in seasonal tropical forests due to intense herbivory and shading during the rainy season; however, the anticipation of leaf phenology by juveniles in seasonal tropical forests has yet to be demonstrated. Stem‐succulent species are expected to be prone to juvenile phenological anticipation because these species are able to use water stored in their stems for leaf flushing in the dry season. We investigated this hypothesis by comparing leaf phenology (bud break, leaf expansion) of juveniles and adults of two species with contrasting wood densities in the transition between dry and rainy seasons in a tropical dry woodland. We also investigated the level of light limitation that juveniles experience in the rainy season. Both species exhibited bud break during the dry season, but only expanded their leaves with the occurrence of the first rains. In general, the stem‐succulent species had a more precocious bud break; however, anticipation by juveniles occurred only in the species with more dense wood. Canopy openness was lower than in temperate deciduous forests, but the fact that the full expansion of leaves occurred only with rainfall indicates that bud break in anticipation of canopy closure contributes only to keeping leaf photosynthetic balance from going negative, and not to higher carbon gain. The importance of anticipated budding for escaping herbivory remains an alternative explanation in need of investigation.
The Policy Basis of Measured Partisan Animosity in the United States
Authors: Orr Lilla V. , Huber Gregory A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding and addressing the consequences of partisan animosity requires knowledge of its foundations. To what extent is animosity between partisan groups motivated by dislike for partisan outgroups per se, policy disagreement, or other social group conflicts? In many circumstances, including extant experimental research, these patterns are observationally equivalent. In a series of vignette evaluation experiments, we estimate effects of shared partisanship when additional information is or is not present, and we benchmark these effects against shared policy preference effects. Partisanship effects are about 71% as large as shared policy preference effects when each is presented in isolation. When an independently randomized party and policy position are presented together, partisanship effects decrease substantially, by about 52%, whereas policy effects remain large, decreasing by about 10%. These results suggest that common measures of partisan animosity may capture programmatic conflict more so than social identity–based partisan hostility.
Rational planning of operating lists: a prospective comparison of ‘booking to the mean’ vs. ‘probabilistic case scheduling’ in urology
Authors: Pandit J. J. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe efficient use of operating theatres requires accurate case scheduling. One common method is ‘booking to the mean’. Here, the mean times for individual operations are summed to approximate the time allocated to the list. An alternative approach is ‘probabilistic scheduling’. Here, the means and standard deviation of the individual case times are combined to estimate the probability that the planned list will finish on time. This study assessed how probabilistic booking would have changed list utilisation, over‐running and case cancellations in 60 urology lists during eight months that had been ‘booked to the mean’. Booking to the mean resulted in 53/60 (88%) lists over‐running and correctly predicted the finish times in just 13% of lists. Out of 264 patients, 36 (14%) were cancelled on the day due to over‐runs in 24/60 (40%) lists. In contrast, probabilistic scheduling correctly predicted an over‐run or under‐run in 77% of lists, which would have allowed the case mix to be adjusted to prevent cancellation and optimise utilisation.
Between‐Individual Differences in Baseline Well‐Being and Emotion Regulation Strategy Use Moderate the Effect of a Self‐Help Cognitive‐Behavioral Intervention for Typical Adults
Authors: Pavani Jean‐Baptiste , Berna Guillaume , Andreotti Eva , Guiller Theo , Antoine Pascal , Dauvier Bruno , Congard Anne 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundSelf‐help interventions intended to help nonclinical individuals regulate their emotions can have important social benefits (i.e. mental disorder prevention, well‐being promotion). However, their mean effect size on well‐being is generally low, possibly because there are considerable between‐individual differences in the response to these interventions. The present study examined whether individuals’ baseline levels of emotional well‐being and engagement in emotion regulation strategies moderate the effects on these same variables in a 4‐week self‐help cognitive‐behavioral intervention intended for typical adults.MethodsData were collected from 158 nonclinical French adults (n = 95 for the control group, n = 63 for the cognitive‐behavioral group) using experience sampling. Emotional well‐being was assessed, as well as the engagement in three emotion regulation strategies (i.e. cognitive reappraisal, problem solving, and appreciation).ResultsAs expected, the post‐test scores on some variables were significantly predicted by the interactions between the intervention and the pre‐test scores on these same variables. In particular, it was the participants with the most negative baseline levels (i.e. low emotional well‐being, low engagement in appreciation) who benefitted most from the intervention.ConclusionsResults are discussed in the light of current knowledge on between‐individual differences in how individuals respond to interventions.
What is an ecological approach and how can it assist in understanding ICT take‐up?
Authors: Hammond Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that ecological frameworks offer a powerful way of explaining the take‐up of information and communication technology (ICT) in schools. Past research has focused on teachers and their willingness and readiness to use ICT but this has not satisfactorily explained the use (or non‐use) of ICT. Gaps in this research can be addressed by an ecological approach which shifts attention from the teacher to the context in which ICT is expected to be used. Such an approach, following Bronfenbrenner and others, looks at the relationship of individuals to the system in which they act, a relationship which is seen as interdependent. An ecological perspective explains how take‐up of ICT is influenced by the degree to which different levels of a system, eg, micro, meso, exo and macro levels, are aligned. It is recommended that researchers and policy makers should pay greater attention to context when advocating the use of ICT.
Non‐radiological assessment of kidney stones using the kidney injury test (KIT), a spot urine assay
Authors: Yang Joshua Y.C. , Sarwal Reuben D. , Ky Karina , Dong Vivian , Stoller Marshall , Sarwal Minnie M. , Chi Thomas 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the utility of kidney injury test (KIT) assay urinary biomarkers to detect kidney stones and quantify stone burden.Patients and MethodsA total of 136 spot urine samples from 98 individuals, with and without kidney stone disease, were processed in a predefined assay to measure six DNA and protein markers in order to generate a risk score for the non‐invasive detection of nephrolithiasis. From this cohort, 56 individuals had spot, non‐timed urine samples collected at the time of radiographically confirmed kidney stones, and 54 demographically matched, healthy controls without kidney stone disease also provided spot, non‐timed urine samples. Sixteen individuals with persistent stone disease had more than one urine sample. Using a proprietary microwell‐based KIT assay, we measured cell‐free DNA (cfDNA), methylated cfDNA, clusterin, creatinine, protein and CXCL10. A KIT stone score was computed across all markers using the prior locked KIT algorithm. The KIT stone score, with a scale of 0 to 100, was then correlated with demographic variables, kidney stone burden, obstructive kidney stone disease, and urine solutes in 24‐h urine collections.ResultsThe scaled KIT stone score, a composite of all six biomarkers, readily discriminated individuals with current or prior radiographically confirmed kidney stones from healthy controls without kidney stone disease (P < 0.001). In individuals with nephrolithiasis, KIT stone score also correlated with radiologically measured stone size (P = 0.017) and differentiated patients with a clinical radiological diagnosis of obstructive nephrolithiasis associated with upper renal tract dilatation (P = 0.001). Stone burden as assessed by KIT stone score, however, did not correlate with the any of the traditional measures of 24‐h urine solutes or the 24‐h urine supersaturation levels. In patients with persistent stone disease, where multiple urine samples were collected over time and after different interventions, the use of KIT stone score could non‐invasively track stone burden over time through a spot urine, non‐timed urine sample.ConclusionsA random, spot urine‐based assay, KIT stone score, can non‐invasively detect, quantify and monitor current stone burden, and may thus minimize radiographic exposure for kidney stone detection. The KIT stone score assay may also help monitor stone recurrence risk for patients with nephrolithiasis, without the requirement for 24‐h urine collections.
Lateral onlay grafting using different combinations of soft‐type synthetic block grafts and resorbable collagen membranes: An experimental in vivo study
Authors: Lee Jung‐Tae , Cha Jae‐Kook , Kim Sungtae , Jung Ui‐Won , Thoma Daniel S. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo observe the sequential healing of lateral onlay grafts in terms of volumetric and histological changes when using different combinations of synthetic soft‐type block bone and resorbable collagen membranes.Materials and MethodsA lateral onlay graft procedure was applied at the chronic narrow alveolar ridge of the mandible in 15 beagle dogs. The groups were allocated as follows: (a) empty control; (b) onlay graft using soft‐type block bone 1 (hydroxyapatite [HA]: β‐tricalcium phosphate [β‐TCP] = 15:85) and a non‐cross‐linked collagen membrane (MP‐BG group); (c) onlay graft using soft‐type block bone 2 (HA:β‐TCP = 60:40) and a non‐cross‐linked collagen membrane (OC‐BG group); and (d) onlay graft using soft‐type block bone 1 (HA:β‐TCP = 15:85) and a cross‐linked collagen membrane (MP‐CM group). Volumetric and histomorphometric analyses were performed at 4, 8 and 16 weeks postoperatively.ResultsNo clinical complications occurred in any of the groups. The OC‐BG group showed significantly larger total augmented volumes than the control and MP‐BG groups after 8 and 16 weeks. The areas of new bone were significantly larger in the OC‐BG group than the other groups at 16 weeks. The horizontal thickness of the augmented ridge was significantly larger in the OC‐BG group than in the control group at 16 weeks.ConclusionThe OC‐BG group showed superior volume maintenance and osteogenic potential for up to 16 weeks compared to the other groups in an onlay graft model of the dog mandible despite the displacement of the bone graft.
microRNA cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1~let‐7d promotes autophagy and apoptosis of glioma cells by down‐regulating STAT3
Authors: Yang Zhuan‐Yi , Wang Ying , Liu Qing , Wu Ming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence has highlighted the correlation between microRNAs (miRNAs) and the progression of glioma. However, the role of miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d in glioma remains elusive. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d on glioma progression.Methods and ResultsMicroarray data analysis provided data indicating the involvement of miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d in glioma via STAT3. The expression of let‐7a‐1, let‐7d, let‐7f‐1, and miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d was diminished in the glioma tissues and the cell lines. Additionally, our results revealed that STAT3 was a target gene of let‐7d, let‐7a‐1, and let‐7f‐1, which was further verified by the dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Moreover, STAT3 expression was negatively mediated by let‐7a‐1, let‐7d, and let‐7f‐1. Up‐regulated miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d or silenced STAT3 suppressed cell proliferation but accelerated cell apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, restrained tumor growth was identified in the nude mice treated with miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d mimics or STAT3 siRNA.ConclusionTaken together, the miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d promotes glioma cell autophagy and apoptosis by repressing STAT3. The current study highlights the potential of the miR cluster MC‐let‐7a‐1 ~ let‐7d as biomarkers and promising treatment strategies for glioma.
Clinical significance of epithelial–mesenchymal transition typing of circulating tumour cells in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hou J. , Guo C. , Lyu G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe aim was to determine the diagnostic value of epithelial–mesenchymal transition typing of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodPeripheral blood samples were collected from 51 CRC patients before anti‐tumour treatment from April 2016 to June 2018 at the Peking University Shenzhen Hospital. The blood samples were analysed using the CanPatrol CTC typing technique (SurExam, Guangzhou, China), which combines nanomembrane enrichment with mRNA in situ hybridization. Based on the marker expression, the CTCs were classified into epithelial, epithelial mesenchymal and mesenchymal (M‐CTC) types. The correlation between the CTC counts and clinicopathological characteristics such as gender, age, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were analysed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. The overall survival and progression‐free survival (PFS) of patients demarcated by CTC typing were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank tests.ResultM‐CTCs were detected more frequently in patients with lymph node metastasis (N2 81.8%; N1 72.7%; N0 38.9%) as well as distant metastasis (M0 50%; M1a 81.25%; M1b 85.7%) compared to those without metastasis. In addition, the presence of M‐CTCs was significantly correlated with distant metastasis (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (P = 0.035), distant metastasis (P < 0.001) and total CTC count ≥ 4 (P = 0.007) and M‐CTC count ≥ 1 (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with unfavourable PFS, and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.04), distant metastasis (P = 0.01) and M‐CTC count ≥ 1 (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with unfavourable overall survival. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of M‐CTCs was the only independent prognostic factor for poor PFS, and patients with M‐CTCs had significantly shorter PFS than those without (P = 0.011).ConclusionM‐CTCs are significantly associated with CRC severity and metastasis, and M‐CTC count is an independent predictor of prognosis.
Prognostic value of radiologically enlarged lymph nodes in node‐negative colon cancer
Authors: Song W. , Chen Z. , Zheng Z. , Hu J. , Chen Y. , Deng W. , He X. , Lan P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimAssessment of lymph node (LN) involvement is of crucial importance in the estimation of prognosis and choice of therapeutic options for patients with colon cancer. The relationship between the radiological size of LNs and prognosis in node‐negative colon cancer remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the prognostic impact of radiologically enlarged LNs on the survival of patients with node‐negative colon cancer.MethodThis retrospective study recruited 395 patients with Stages I and II colon cancer diagnosed between January 2012 and March 2016. Preoperative computed tomography was reviewed for the maximum short‐axis diameter of regional LNs, the optimal cutoff value of which was set to 8 mm. The prognostic relevance was analysed in Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regressions.ResultsPatients with tumour in the left colon, TNM Stage II and 12 or more retrieved LNs tended to have radiologically enlarged LNs. Our results suggest that 3‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly worse in patients with enlarged LNs than those without (RFS 82.8% vs 92.4%, P = 0.026; OS 87.1% vs 95.2%, P = 0.017), which was also confirmed in multivariable analysis [RFS hazard ratio (HR) = 2.192, P = 0.018; OS HR = 3.305, P = 0.010]. Subgroup analysis revealed that in patients with Stage II disease or at least 12 retrieved LNs, radiologically enlarged LN remained an independent predictor of poor RFS and OS.ConclusionThe presence of radiologically enlarged LNs in patients with node‐negative colon cancer had an adverse prognosis.
Molecular structure and the role of high‐temperature requirement protein 1 in skeletal disorders and cancers
Authors: Li Yihe , Yuan Jinbo , Rothzerg Emel , Wu Xinghuo , Xu Huazi , Zhu Sipin , Xu Jiake 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman high‐temperature requirement protein 1 (HTRA1) is a member of serine proteases and consists of four well‐defined domains—an IGFBP domain, a Kazal domain, a protease domain and a PDZ domain. HTRA1 is a secretory protein and also present intracellularly and associated with microtubules. HTRA1 regulates a broad range of physiological processes via its proteolytic activity. This review examines the role of HTRA1 in bone biology, osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and tumorigenesis. HTRA1 mediates diverse pathological processes via a variety of signalling pathways, such as TGF‐β and NF‐κB. The expression of HTRA1 is increased in arthritis and IVD degeneration, suggesting that HTRA1 protein is attributed to cartilage degeneration and disease progression. Emerging evidence also suggests that HTRA1 has a role in tumorigenesis. Further understanding the mechanisms by which HTRA1 displays as an extrinsic and intrinsic regulator in a cell type–specific manner will be important for the development of HTRA1 as a therapeutic target.
Promoting Value Practice in Museums Creates Impact
Authors: Robbins Nina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article examines how museological value discussion can offer a tool for museum professionals to engage themselves in the current discourse regarding building sustainable futures. The focus of the article is on collection care and collection development. It describes the latest interview and workshop results regarding museum values in the field of collection development among Finnish museum professionals and students. In addition, it emphasizes the integration of theoretical knowledge and its practical application. Promoting and creating opportunities for value discussion among museum professionals increases the ability of these professionals to further engage in such value‐related discourse with various stakeholders. Eventually, the benefits of this kind of value‐based discussions are to be seen in the more coherent and focused ones regarding museological values between and among various parties, be they museum professionals, politicians, students or museum visitors. The initial idea for the interviews, and subsequently the workshops as well, emerged from a collection development survey conducted in 2012 among Finnish art museums, which was published in 2016 by the author. Based on the material analyzed at that time, it became clear that the issue of active values in Finnish museums would need further study.
Network structure reveals clusters of associations between childhood adversities and development outcomes
Authors: Sheridan Margaret A. , Shi Feng , Miller Adam B. , Salhi Carmel , McLaughlin Katie A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExposure to childhood adversity is common and associated with a host of negative developmental outcomes. The most common approach used to examine the consequences of adversity exposure is a cumulative risk model. Recently, we have proposed a novel approach, the dimensional model of adversity and psychopathology (DMAP), where different dimensions of adversity are hypothesized to impact health and well‐being through different pathways. We expect deprivation to primarily disrupt cognitive processing, whereas we expect threat to primarily alter emotional reactivity and automatic regulation. Recent hypothesis‐driven approaches provide support for these differential associations of deprivation and threat on developmental outcomes. However, it is not clear whether these patterns would emerge using data‐driven approaches. Here we use a network analytic approach to identify clusters of related adversity exposures and outcomes in an initial study (Study 1: N = 277 adolescents aged 16–17 years; 55.1% female) and a replication (Study 2: N = 262 children aged 8–16 years; 45.4% female). We statistically compare our observed clusters with our hypothesized DMAP model and a clustering we hypothesize would be the result of a cumulative stress model. In both samples we observed a network structure consistent with the DMAP model and statistically different than the hypothesized cumulative stress model. Future work seeking to identify in the pathways through which adversity impacts development should consider multiple dimensions of adversity.
The importance of the initial period of basal insulin titration in people with diabetes
Authors: Khunti Kamlesh , Giorgino Francesco , Berard Lori , Mauricio Didac , Harris Stewart B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAchieving target glycaemic control is essential in people with diabetes to minimize the risk of long‐term complications, and many people with type 2 diabetes will ultimately require basal insulin (BI) therapy to achieve their individualized glycaemic targets. Usually, the first 12 weeks following initiation of BI therapy represents the period when the greatest dose increases and glycaemic reductions occur. Effective glycaemic control combined with minimizing the risk of hypoglycaemia is important to enable the achievement of glycaemic control in the longer term. However, substantial therapeutic inertia exists in clinical practice, both in initiation and up‐titration of BI, owing to patient‐, physician‐ and healthcare system‐related barriers, including fear of hypoglycaemia and the perception of a burdensome regimen. The more prolonged duration of action, reduced glycaemic variability and lower risk of hypoglycaemia seen with second‐generation versus first‐generation BI analogues may help alleviate patients’ and physicians’ concerns and facilitate titration. In turn, optimal BI titration and subsequent metabolic benefits may help improve therapy adherence and self‐management. This review details the clinical implications of prompt titration of BI to achieve early glycaemic control, and the importance of minimizing hypoglycaemia risk within the initial titration period. Facilitation of patients’ self‐management of BI is also addressed.