bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz wave modulation properties of thermally processed BST/PZT ferroelectric photonic crystals
Authors: Zeng Ying , Wang Weijun , Ling Furi , Yao Jianquan 
Published: April 2020

BST

(

Ba

0.5

Sr

0.5

TiO

3

)
/
PZT
(

Pb

0.52

Zr

0.48

TiO

3

)

photonic crystals were fabricated by magnetron sputtering and annealed at

620
°
C
−
700
°
C

. By controlling the crystallinity and the oxygen vacancies of the ferroelectric photonic crystals, the optically and electrically controllable terahertz wave modulations were realized. The variation in refractive index of the 680°C annealed sample showed the highest modulation to the optical pump and increased to 11.9 due to the highest absorption near 532 nm. In the optical pump, the electrons from

Ti

3
+

2

p

3
/
2

ions could be stimulated and captured by

Ti

4
+

2

p

3
/
2

ions, and the ratio of

Ti

3
+

/

Ti

4
+

observed increased with the increasing annealing temperature, indicating the increasing oxygen vacancies concentration, which increased the 532 nm optical absorption and contributed to the improved optical modulation. The excess Pb migrating to the surface at higher annealing temperature might be one reason for the degradation of optical modulation. The increasing polarization and leakage current could contribute to the increasing permittivity and loss with the increasing annealing temperature. Two different results were observed on the sample annealed at 680°C when the order of applying external optical and electric fields was changed, due to the different migration mechanisms of excited carriers. This work provides a potentially effective approach to fabricate THz sensing, imaging, and communications devices with multi-function in the modulation of optical and electric multi-fields.
Comparison of Plyometric Training With Two Different Jumping Techniques on Achilles Tendon Properties and Jump Performances
Authors: Laurent Cédric , Baudry Stéphane , Duchateau Jacques 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Laurent, C, Baudry, S, and Duchateau, J. Comparison of plyometric training with two different jumping techniques on Achilles tendon properties and jump performances. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1503–1510, 2020—This study compared the influence of 10 weeks of plyometric training with 2 different jumping techniques on Achilles tendon properties and the height achieved in drop jumps (from 20, 40, and 60 cm) and countermovement jumps (CMJ). Subjects were allocated to 2 training groups (n = 11 in each group) and 1 control group (CON, n = 10). One training group kept the knees extended (KE) during ground contact, whereas the other training group flexed the knees to ∼80–90° (KF). Achilles tendon stiffness was assessed with ultrasonography, and jump performance was derived from force platform recording. Training increased jump height (p < 0.01) in both groups. The increase for the 20-cm drop jump was greater (p < 0.05) for the KE group (11.3%) thanfor the KF group (6.3%), with no statistical difference between groups for the 40- and 60-cm drop jumps. Contact time during the 20-cm drop jump decreased (∼8%; p < 0.01) after training, with no difference between the training groups. The increase in CMJ height was greater (p = 0.05) for the KF group (17.5%) than for the KE group (11.8%). Achilles tendon stiffness increased (32%; p < 0.001) for the KE group but not for the KF group (11%; p = 0.28). There was a positive association (p < 0.001) between the changes in tendon stiffness and jump height for 20-cm drop jump in both KE group (r
2 = 0.49) and KF group (r
2 = 0.62). None of these parameters changed in CON group. In conclusion, the extent of increase in jump height (20-cm drop jump and CMJ) and in Achilles tendon stiffness after training differed between the 2 jumping techniques.
Deficiency of Complement Component C1Q Prevents Cerebrovascular Damage and White Matter Loss in a Mouse Model of Chronic Obesity
Authors: Graham Leah C. , Kocalis Heidi E. , Soto Ileana , Howell Gareth R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAge-related cognitive decline and many dementias involve complex interactions of both genetic and environmental risk factors. Recent evidence has demonstrated a strong association of obesity with the development of dementia. Furthermore, white matter damage is found in obese subjects and mouse models of obesity. Here, we found that components of the complement cascade, including complement component 1qa (C1QA) and C3 are increased in the brain of Western diet (WD)-fed obese mice, particularly in white matter regions. To functionally test the role of the complement cascade in obesity-induced brain pathology, female and male mice deficient in C1QA, an essential molecule in the activation of the classical pathway of the complement cascade, were fed a WD and compared with WD-fed wild type (WT) mice, and toC1qaknock-out (KO) and WT mice fed a control diet (CD).C1qaKO mice fed a WD became obese but did not show pericyte loss or a decrease in laminin density in the cortex and hippocampus that was observed in obese WT controls. Furthermore, obesity-induced microglia phagocytosis and breakdown of myelin in the corpus callosum were also prevented by deficiency of C1QA. Collectively, these data show that C1QA is necessary for damage to the cerebrovasculature and white matter damage in diet-induced obesity.
Streaming of Repeated Noise in Primary and Secondary Fields of Auditory Cortex
Authors: Saderi Daniela , Buran Brad N. , David Stephen V. 
Published: April 2020

Statistical regularities in natural sounds facilitate the perceptual segregation of auditory sources, or streams. Repetition is one cue that drives stream segregation in humans, but the neural basis of this perceptual phenomenon remains unknown. We demonstrated a similar perceptual ability in animals by training ferrets of both sexes to detect a stream of repeating noise samples (foreground) embedded in a stream of random samples (background). During passive listening, we recorded neural activity in primary auditory cortex (A1) and secondary auditory cortex (posterior ectosylvian gyrus, PEG). We used two context-dependent encoding models to test for evidence of streaming of the repeating stimulus. The first was based on average evoked activity per noise sample and the second on the spectro-temporal receptive field. Both approaches tested whether differences in neural responses to repeating versus random stimuli were better modeled by scaling the response to both streams equally (global gain) or by separately scaling the response to the foreground versus background stream (stream-specific gain). Consistent with previous observations of adaptation, we found an overall reduction in global gain when the stimulus began to repeat. However, when we measured stream-specific changes in gain, responses to the foreground were enhanced relative to the background. This enhancement was stronger in PEG than A1. In A1, enhancement was strongest in units with low sparseness (i.e., broad sensory tuning) and with tuning selective for the repeated sample. Enhancement of responses to the foreground relative to the background provides evidence for stream segregation that emerges in A1 and is refined in PEG.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo interact with the world successfully, the brain must parse behaviorally important information from a complex sensory environment. Complex mixtures of sounds often arrive at the ears simultaneously or in close succession, yet they are effortlessly segregated into distinct perceptual sources. This process breaks down in hearing-impaired individuals and speech recognition devices. By identifying the underlying neural mechanisms that facilitate perceptual segregation, we can develop strategies for ameliorating hearing loss and improving speech recognition technology in the presence of background noise. Here, we present evidence to support a hierarchical process, present in primary auditory cortex and refined in secondary auditory cortex, in which sound repetition facilitates segregation.
Prothrombotic fibrin network characteristics in patients with acromegaly: a novel mechanism for vascular complications
Authors: Kyriakakis Nikolaos , Pechlivani Nikoletta , Lynch Julie , Oxley Natalie , Phoenix Fladia , Seejore Khyatisha , Orme Steve M , Ajjan Ramzi , Murray Robert D 
Published: April 2020

Objective
There remains increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with acromegaly. This study aims to evaluate whether GH/IGF-1 excess increases vascular disease by adversely affecting fibrin network characteristics.

Design
Cross-sectional study in 40 patients with acromegaly (21 males, age 53 ± 13 years) and 40 age/gender-matched controls.

Methods
Clot structure was analysed using a validated turbidimetric assay and fibrin networks were visualised by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Metabolic profile parameters, body composition, plasma fibrinogen and PAI-1 were also assessed.

Results
Twenty-two patients had active acromegaly and 18 were in remission. There was no difference in qualitative patient characteristics between the two groups. Both groups had less favourable body composition and cardiovascular risk profile compared with controls. Despite no difference in clot formation and lysis parameters between the two patient groups, active disease patients had higher fibrinogen and clot maximum absorbance compared with controls, after adjusting for BMI (3.8 ± 0.2 vs 2.6 ± 0.2 mg/mL, P < 0.001; and 0.39 ± 0.02 vs 0.33 ± 0.01 arbitrary units, P = 0.03, respectively). Patients in remission had higher fibrinogen compared with controls following adjustment for BMI (3.3 ± 0.2 vs 2.6 ± 0.2 mg/mL, P = 0.02) but not clot maximum absorbance (0.35 ± 0.03 vs 0.33 ± 0.02 arbitrary units, P = 0.6). LSCM showed increased fibrin network density only in active disease patients, consistent with turbidimetric analysis. In addition to active disease, BMI, fat mass and skinfold thickness were associated with higher clot density and longer lysis time.

Conclusions
Patients with active acromegaly have more compact clots, thus conferring increased thrombosis risk. Prothrombotic fibrin networks may represent one mechanism for enhanced vascular risk in active acromegaly.
IMPLEMENTASI INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARD 41 DI BERBAGAI NEGARA SERTA FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPATUHAN PENERAPAN IAS 41
Authors: Puspasari Puspasari , Nurramadhini Annisa , Sari Lydia , Djajadikarta Insan Kamil 
Published: April 2020

This study aims to describe the implementation of International Accounting Standard 41 conducted by organizations that have biological assets in various countries and identify variables that affect organizational compliance in implementing IAS 41. The research method uses the literature review method. The results of the study showed that the application of IAS 41 encountered obstacles in MSME organizations and traditional farmers. This is due to their lack of ability to implement IAS 41. The results show that the variables that influence organizational compliance in implementing IAS 41 are company intensity and size, ownership concentration, have a significant positive impact and the type of auditor and international stakeholders is positively related but not significant.Keywords. Biological Asset; Fair value; IAS 41.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan implementasi International Accounting Standard 41 yang dilakukan oleh organisasi yang memiliki aset biologis di berbagai negara serta mengidentifikasi variabel yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan organisasi dalam menerapkan IAS 41. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa penerapan IAS 41 menemui kendala di organisasi UMKM dan petani tradisional. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya kemampuan mereka dalam menerapkan IAS 41. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan organisasi dalam mengimpelemtasikan IAS 41 adalah intensitas dan ukuran perusahaan, konsentrasi kepemilikan, memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan dan tipe auditor dan pemangku kepentingan internasional berhubungan positif namun tidak signifikan.Kata kunci. Aset Biologis, Nilai Wajar; IAS 41.
Eukaryote microbes potential for bioflocs in the swamp aquaculture
Authors: Marini Wijayanti  , Tanbiyaskur  , Jubaedah Dade , Saputra Ade Bayu , Genti Karta Sari , Agustina  , Nabila Saraswati  , Siti Yuliani  , Hary Widjajanti  
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Eucaryote microbes have an important role in forming bioflocs in the brackishwater aquaculture ponds. Bioflocs become potential live feed for milkfish or crustacea. This study aimed to identify the potential of eukaryotic microbes in the brackishwater aquaculture as the biofloc candidates potential development. This study was done through the water quality assessment and potential indigenous microbes isolation approach. Sampling was retrieved from the water subcomposite and sediment on each intertidal inlet and outlet. The water quality of brackishwater pond and intertidal swamp tended to lack of nutrient as containing inoptimal dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, and ammonia content for the milkfish culture. Therefore, liming and fertilizing should be done to enrich the indigenous microbes. Eucaryote microbe isolated from the enrichment media was the aquatic fungi (multicellular and unicellular fungi) and microalgae (bacillariophyta, chlorophyta, and cyanophyta). Fungi and yeast formed a floculation with microalgae. This form will become a biofloc candidate as a live feed and water quality controller for the development of brackishwater aquaculture in the swamp area.

Keywords: eucaryote microbes, biofloc, aquaculture, pond, brackish water swamp

ABSTRAK

Mikrob eukariot berperan penting dalam pembentukan bioflok di tambak budidaya pada lahan rawa payau. Bioflok menjadi pakan alami untuk budidaya ikan bandeng atau udang. Tujuan riset ini adalah mengidentifikasi mikrob eukariot rawa payau potensial untuk pengembangan kandidat bioflok di akuakultur rawa payau. Riset ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitas air serta isolasi mikrob indigenous tambak dan rawa pasang surut untuk mendapatkan isolat mikrob potensial sebagai kandidat pembentuk bioflok. Sampling dilakukan secara subkomposit pada air dan sedimen di setiap inlet dan outlet pasang surut. Kualitas air tambak dan rawa pasang surut menunjukkan kondisi oksigen terlarut, salinitas, pH, dan amonia berada di luar batas optimum budidaya ikan bandeng, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengapuran dan pemupukan untuk memperbanyak mikrob indigenous-nya. Isolasi mikrob eukariot dari media pengayaan diperoleh jenis fungi akuatik yang multiseluler dan uniseluler, sedangkan mikroalga yang diperoleh yaitu dari golongan Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, dan Cyanophyta. Fungi yang dapat membentuk hifa dapat merangkai mikroalga dan khamir untuk membentuk flok. Susunan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan bioflok yang berguna sebagai pengendali kualitas air sekaligus pakan alami bagi pengembangan budidaya di lahan rawa payau.

Kata kunci: mikrob eukariot, bioflok, budidaya, tambak, rawa payau
Brief: Touch the World Through Internet
Authors: Woolley Thomas C. 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Internet is the world's largest computer network. Access to Internet allows users to communicate with colleagues around the world, to access vast software archives, to visit university and public libraries, to search on-line databases, to participate in lively discussions on thousands of topics, to receive electronic journals, and much more. This paper describes Internet and discusses its current and future uses, ways to obtain access, and some of the resources available.
What Is Internet?
Initial network activities began as a U.S. Dept. of Defense research project in the early 1970's. The ARPAnet project linked major defense installations with a computer network that was redundant enough to withstand missile attack. In the late 1980's, the U.S. National Science Foundation built a network, NFSNET; that was based on the original ARPAnet and that contained five regional supercomputing centers linked by high-speed communications. Through NFSNET, universities across the U.S. used these supercomputer centers to conduct research (mostly military). NFSNET did not preclude nonmilitary use of the network, which opened the resource to many individuals and institutions.
By 1987, the volume of information traveling on the network overloaded the system. The network bandwidth was upgraded in 1987. During the late 1980's, hundreds of private and commercial networks worldwide were linked to the network, primarily for communication in the research arena. This network of networks became known as Internet.
Because of the ease of access to and value of the resources available on the network, more and more individuals began using Internet. As interest increased, more resources were added, which, in turn, fueled further interest. This domino effect led to the explosive growth of lnternet today. Internet is the foundation of the "information superhighway" that has become the focus of media and U.S. government attention over the past few years.
Brief: Information Technology Outsourcing - One Company's Experience
Authors: Klochko John W. , Bester L. Wayne 
Published: April 2020

Summary
To address the pressures of the 1990's business climate, Amoco Canada Petroleum Co. Ltd. went through an aggressive evaluation and restructuring of its business operations. This precipitated a critical review of its information technology (IT) strategy with a goal of maintaining effectiveness while reducing overall costs. To meet the challenge of substantially reducing expenses while continuing to maintain effective service levels, the company entered a 5-year agreement to outsource its data center and network operations. This paper discusses the business forces that brought Amoco Canada to consider outsourcing, the processes surrounding the outsourcing decision, and the results to date. We demonstrate that by understanding the role of IT in its business plans, the company successfully met its outsourcing objectives.

Introduction
Outsourcing IT services is a growing trend as organizations look for ways to solve the problem of maintaining services while reducing costs. A study1 done several years ago by an IT consulting firm predicted that every Fortune 500 company would consider outsourcing information systems and 20% would outsource at least some portion of their IT functions by 1994. More recent studies confirm that this is happening.
The nature of outsourcing is changing. Companies are not approaching outsourcing only as a means of reducing costs, as has been the case in the past, but as a strategic tool in IT management. The data center is now just one of many functions being outsourced. More companies are including management of local area networks, desk top computer systems, applications development, and midrange computer systems in their outsourcing.
Another recent development in outsourcing is "transitional outsourcing." Under this arrangement, the data center and network operations are outsourced so that resources can be directed to the development of client/server applications. This is the nature of Amoco Canada's outsourcing agreement. Fig. l shows the company's rationale for outsourcing these functions and what it hoped to gain. This brief addresses these areas and also examines the company's experience since outsourcing began in Oct. 1992. Were expectations and objectives met, and how has the relationship with the outsourcing vender evolved? What are the expectations for the remaining years of the agreement? Why was the company successful with its outsourcing? We also show why the contract is the most critical element in the outsourcing relationship.
Weathering Downturns - Survival Strategies for Tough Markets
Authors: Duroc-Danner Bernard J. 
Published: April 2020

Published in Oil & Gas Executive Report, Volume 2, Number 2, 1999, pages 26-27.
Few industries have experienced the profound economic swings that have saddled the world petroleum industry since the mid-1980's. In fact, few other commodities have experienced the unusual roller-coaster ride of crude oil.
As the 1980's opened, economists were predicting that crude oil prices would surge to U.S. $30/bbl and higher over the rest of the century. Instead, the opposite happened. Today, when inflation is taken into account, crude oil is priced below 1956 levels. The phenomenon of oil prices staying well below overall inflation levels began in January 1986. Even in nominal terms, or without the effects of inflation, today's yearly average price of a barrel of the benchmark West Texas intermediate crude is lower than at any time since 1978.

Bust/Boom/Bust Cycles
In 1986, the industry began one of its most severe and extended downturns ever as world crude oil prices plummeted overnight into the single digits and decreased year to year more than 40% (in nominal, or noninflation-adjusted, terms). Except for a brief hiatus during the 1990 Persian Gulf war, prices were on a downtrend for the better part of 10 years. Then followed 3 good years, 1994 to 1997, when per-barrel prices seemed to steady in the high teens to the low twenties. The industry was beginning to enjoy a rebound. A combination of technological advances and more tight-fisted management helped companies profit at oil prices of U.S. $15/bbl and higher. Most companies enjoyed rising profitability.
Last year, just as the industry was feeling cautiously optimistic about stronger prices and healthy drilling, prices dropped again, falling more than30% - by far, the largest year-to-year decline since 1986. The crash turned out to be real and lasting. Nearly 1 year later, the industry is battening down anew to weather another extended economic storm.
It's a story nobody in this industry wanted to hear again, but here we are. What happens now? What did we learn, collectively, from previous downturns? There is a silver lining in the proverbial dark cloud. But before discussing this, let's survey the damage to date in the current downturn.