bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-164 Influence of Executive Function, Partner Support, and Environmental Structure on Behavioral Weight Management Outcomes
Authors: K Gettens , A Gorin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Executive functions (EF) are crucial to successful weight management, yet few studies have prospectively explored the influence of social-environmental factors on the EF-weight loss (WL) link. This study examined interactions between EF, partner support, and household structure on weight loss outcomes in a couples-based intervention, grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT).

Method
Cohabitating dyads attended weekly weight loss groups (Ncouples = 64), Mage =54.0 ± 9.5, MBMI = 34.2 ± 5.4 kg/m2, 50% female, 88.8% Caucasian). Weight was measured at baseline and 6 months. The Behavior Rating Index of Executive Functions-Adult assessed 9 EF domains; higher scores indicate greater difficulty. Partner autonomy support (AS) was measured using the Important Other Climate Questionnaire, household structure with the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS), IQ with the WASI-II 2-subscale estimate.

Results
Multilevel models were specified with MIXED linear function in SPSS to account for dyadic interdependence, controlling for age, education, IQ and group. Moderators (AS and CHAOS) were grand-mean centered. High and low levels were created at +1SD and -1SD. At high levels of AS, Shifting (B = 1.50, p = .01) and Inhibition (B = 2.23, p = .01) were associated with greater 6-month WL. At low levels of AS, Working Memory was associated with greater WL (p &lt; .01). Self-Monitoring was associated with greater WL at high chaos (B = .43, p = .01), but not low chaos (p = 0.1).

Conclusions
Findings suggest that context matters; recruiting specific EFs may promote more WL for individuals embedded in low support or chaotic home environments. Future interventions should address the complexity of successful weight management, targeting both individual and social-interpersonal factors.
A-166 The Role of Apathy on Executive Functioning After Stroke
Authors: A Lopez , D Lopez Palacios , A Quintana , D Gibson , S Arguelles-Borge 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study examined the role of apathy on performance of an executive functioning task.

Method
The data for this study was derived from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center’s Uniform Data Set containing neuropsychological information for stroke patients (n = 317) who completed the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and the Trail Making Test (Part B). The sample was divided into two groups. One which endorsed feelings of apathy in the last month (n = 102; mean age = 84,SD = 8.33) and a second group which denied feelings of apathy within the last month (n = 215; mean age = 86, SD = 8.02).

Results
After controlling for depression [as measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)], age, gender, and motor impairment, the results of an ANCOVA showed that those who reported apathy performed significantly slower on the Trail Making Test—Part B than those who did not report it [F(1,312 = 6.01, p = .02].

Conclusions
It has previously been found that cognitive performance can be impacted by depression on stroke patients. However, recently, it has been identified that apathy specifically, can have an effect on cognitive domains such as verbal learning, short-term, and long-term memory. The present study further supports that apathy may play a role in overall cognitive performance. Therefore, even if patients do not meet criteria for depression, the presence of apathy should still be taken into account. Future research should examine other possible contributing factors such as processing speed should be taken into account as they could be affecting the scores. Finally, researchers should utilize additional measures of executive functioning as only one was available for this study.
A-170 The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Cognitive Control and Complex Visual Attention: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: A Simpson , J Clark , J Paredes 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The primary objective of this review is to expand upon a previous meta-analysis that found small to medium effect sizes (ES) for mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on cognitive control of adults. In addition to cognitive control, we examined other aspects of complex visual attention and whether duration or intervention type moderates the relationship between MBIs and cognitive performance.

Data Selection
Three databases were searched for studies from 2000–2020, yielding 82 initial articles. After systematic filtering of peer-reviewed, pretest-posttest designs, ES from 17 studies were retained.

Data Synthesis
The average ES across all studies was small (Hedge’s g = 0.23; SE = .05; CI [.13, 0.32]). By individual domain, ES were small to medium for inhibition (Hedge’s g = 0.31; SE = .09; CI [0.14, 0.48]) and sustained attention (Hedge’s g = 0.40; SE = .09; CI [0.21, 0.58]), but negligible for set-shifting (Hedge’s g = −0.0009; SE = .11; CI [−0.22, 0.20]) and weak for complex processing speed (Hedge’s g = 0.14; SE = .09; CI [−0.23, 0.32]). Moderator analyses revealed that interventions utilizing mindfulness-based cognitive training (MBCT) had significantly higher ES (Hedges g = 0.82; SE = 0.19; CI [0.44, 1.19] than other interventions. However, intervention duration did not explain variability in ES.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis confirmed previous research that MBIs have small to medium ES for complex visual attention/cognitive control, but only for inhibition and sustained attention. Across trainings, MBCT was the most effective in improving cognitive functioning. Future research should explore critical facets of MBCT and neurophysiological correlates of improvement.
A-175 Logopenic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia in a 66-Year Old Female—A Case Study
Authors: N Kurniadi , J Davis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The semantic, logopenic, and nonfluent/aggramatic variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) have distinct clinical profiles. However, much overlap exists and many questions remain regarding the nature of language impairments in each variant. This case study seeks to contribute to our understanding of the neuropsychological profile, syntactic, and phonological processes involved in logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA).

Method
The current case study was of a 66-year old female who gradually developed symptoms consistent with lvPPA during the prior four-year period, with marked worsening in the last few months. A collateral informant indicated that she was independent for basic and advanced activities of daily living. Brain/head imaging had not been conducted; medical history was unremarkable.

Results
Speech was notable for frequent pauses due to word-finding difficulty, circumlocution, and impaired naming, repetition, and verbal abstraction; fluency and comprehension were intact. Test data revealed significant impairments in tasks mediated by language including verbal processing speed, semantic knowledge, phonemic and semantic fluency, verbal learning and memory, verbal set-shifting, and judgment. Comprehension, non-verbal attention and processing speed, recognition for visual information, and performance on tasks of non-verbal executive functioning were intact. Depression and anxiety were denied.

Conclusions
Findings were notable for prominent language deficits, with preserved articulation, basic comprehension, and no evidence of visual agnosia. Her progression of symptoms, medical history, and test data were not consistent with a typical Alzheimer’s or vascular process, but were most consistent with lvPPA. Neurology consultation, MRI brain with volumetric analysis, and speech therapy were recommended.
A-180 A Preliminary Study of Prospective Memory Performance and Medication Adherence Among Young Adults
Authors: T Glover , E Flores , L Williams , S Shorter , L Childers , K Mollenkopf , L Barela , J Sawyer , M Barnett 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Medication adherence is a significant problem concerning the proliferation of many illnesses, and prospective memory—that is, memory to carry out an intended future action—may play a role in whether individuals take their medications (Osterberg & Blaschke, 2005; Zogg, Woods, Sauceda, Wiebe, & Simoni, 2012). Current research on prospective memory and medication adherence suggests that individuals take medication more efficiently when associated with a specific event, rather than when associated with the passage of time (Zogg et al., 2012). The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the relationship between prospective memory and medication adherence.

Method
Young adults (N = 16, 18–30 years) who identified as regularly taking prescription medications completed the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) and the Virtual Kitchen Protocol, which includes prospective memory tasks with both event-based and time-based cues.

Results
Higher scores on event-based cues were associated with better medication adherence among young adults (p = .005). However, performance on time-based cues was not associated with medication adherence.

Conclusions
Event-based prospective memory cues are associated with higher medication adherence among young adults. Furthermore, event-based prospective memory cues may be more indicative of medication adherence in young adults, when compared to time-based prospective memory cues. Individuals are generally better at event-based cues, particularly because they involve automatic retrieval processes (Zogg et al., 2012). On the other hand, time-based cues require more monitoring and greater time estimation (Zogg et al., 2012). Overall, it is evident that prospective memory is an important contributor to medication adherence among young adults.
A-181 Comparing Virtual Reality and Analog Prospective Memory Performance
Authors: A Coldiron , L Smith , J Helphrey , J Sawyer , E Flores , T Glover , D Lee , M Barnett 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
A virtual reality-based prospective memory task was designed to examine whether a virtual environment would allow for a deeper level of processing and aid prospective memory performance. The purpose of this study was to compare young adults’ performance on analog and virtual reality-based prospective memory tasks.

Method
Young adult college students (N = 40; ages 18–26) completed both analog and virtual reality prospective memory tasks in the Virtual Kitchen Protocol.

Results
A within-subjects analysis of variance found that participants performed better on the analog prospective memory task than in virtual reality, F(1,39) = 12.46, p = .001.

Conclusions
Results suggest that the virtual environment served as a source of distraction rather than a memory aid for young adults’ prospective memory ability. However, this added level of distraction may mimic everyday prospective memory settings better than traditional analog tasks, suggesting that virtual prospective memory tasks may be able to better assess everyday prospective memory abilities.
A-190 Neuropsychological profile of adolescent with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: M Smith , D Masur , J Mcginley , E Weiss , R Fachinni 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic microdeletion disorder linked to various adverse medical and psychiatric outcomes affecting 1 in every 1,000 to 4,000 births. 22q11DS results from a meiotic deletion of DNA at the q11.2 site on chromosome 22, contributing to cognitive impairments resulting from a range of congenital anomalies. While data are inconsistent and the 22q11DS profile is incomplete—research suggests neuropsychological impairments with receptive language and attention. We describe the neuropsychological findings of a young woman with stronger than expected receptive language and atypical attention profile. Thus, we will highlight the cognitive profile of 22q11DS and the critical role of neuropsychological evaluation in clarifying cognitive performances.

Methods
This adolescent was diagnosed with 22q11DS at age 10, and various professionals made prior diagnoses of ADHD, ODD, Anxiety, ID, developmental delay, and learning delay without previous formal neuropsychological evaluation.

Results
Evaluation revealed low overall performances (WISCV- FSIQ = 66) with relative strengths on tasks of category fluency and receptive vocabulary, with stronger than expected receptive language. Her attention profile was not consistent with ADHD, although by history, ADHD criteria would have been met previously. Qualitatively, even with a low IQ, she did not present as someone with an ID.

Conclusion
This case of a young woman with 22q11DS with several prior diagnoses demonstrated a slightly atypical cognitive profile supporting the need for formal neuropsychological evaluation. Furthermore, the patterns of her performances add to the literature of 22q11 deletion syndromes and raise important questions regarding differences in cognitive development in individuals with 22q11DS.
A-193 Comprehensive Neuropsychological Assessment of a Nine-year-old Child with a Rare Congenital Growth Hormone Deficiency: A Case Study of Cognitive Dysfunction Accompanying the IGF-1-R Mutation
Authors: B Tross , K Briggs , S Brown , A Lewandowski , C Lewandowski 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1-R) gene plays a pivotal role in human growth and development (Kannian & Ryan, 2019). Heterozygous IGF-1-R mutations represent a rare subtype of congenital growth hormone deficiencies (Abuzzahab et al., 2003). The very few cases that have been reported implicate lower volume in brain structures that include the splenium, right global pallidus, hippocampus, and left thalamus (Webb et al., 2012). As a result, physical anomalies in children are expressed through short stature, microcephaly, and atypical facial morphology, as well as intellectual and academic deficits (Essakow et al., 2016; Webb et al., 2012). Given the limited case studies of this gene mutation, the neuropsychological implications are unclear (Yang et al., 2019).

Method
This case study is of a nine-year-old male child with mild physical anomalies, fine motor deficits, inattention, and cognitive delay, referred by pediatrics for differential diagnoses of impaired cognition vs. amotivation vs. emotional-behavioral problems. Impairment on an initial educational screening evaluation indicated the need for a more comprehensive and broad-based assessment which is presented here.

Results
Findings revealed cognitive impairment on measures of intellect, fine motor integration, complex and sustained attention and vigilance, executive functioning, memory, learning, language comprehension, phonological knowledge, encoding, decoding, reading comprehension, and arithmetic. Emotional testing was normal.

Conclusion
Neuropsychological assessment provided detailed information for pediatricians, parents, teachers, and allied health providers for treatment planning, and led to genetic testing that confirmed the diagnosis of the rare IGF-1-R mutation and furthered clinical understanding of this child’s social, academic, and neuropsychological needs.
A-195 Emotional Factors in Performance on Halstead-Reitan/Halstead-Russell Neuropsychological Tests
Authors: C Gass , B Patten 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Evaluate the relation between depression and performance on eight widely used tests: Revised Category Test, Trail Making Test, Part B Tactual Performance Test, TPT Memory, TPT Location, Aphasia Screening Test, Seashore Rhythm Test and Speech Perception Test.

Method
Participants: 116 women, 71 men referred for comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation in an outpatient memory disorders clinic as part of a broader neurodiagnostic workup for memory complaints and cognitive decline. Referral sources: neurologists (78%), primary care physicians (21%). Patients’ mean age: 59.0 (SD =13.8); education: 14.9 (SD = 2.6) years. They were screened from a larger sample (N = 214) for brain disorder or positive neurodiagnostic findings. All participants satisfied performance and symptom validity criteria. Diagnostically, 62% had mood disorders. Based on Scale D scores, 65 middle-range scorers were excluded and 122 patients were classified into High and Low Depressive Symptom groups (ns = 61). The two groups were no different on age, education, Average Impairment Rating or predicted level of intelligence (Test of Premorbid Function).

Results
On all eight of the neuropsychological tests, scores were compared across the two groups. There was no main effect (MANOVA) for group, F(8,98) = 1.56, p = .147. Univariate comparisons revealed a trend on TPT Location but no statistically significant effects of depression severity on any of these tests.

Conclusion
Results suggest that severity of depressive symptoms is unrelated to performance on these neuropsychological tests. In cooperative examinees, these tests are valid for assessing brain-based abilities independent of depressive symptom severity.
A-197 Utility of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination—Third Edition (ACE-III) to Predict Neuropsychological Test Performance in Older Adults Referred for Neurocognitive Evaluation
Authors: G Zarrella , C Kay , K Gettens , J Sherman , M Colvin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The ACE-III is a brief cognitive screener with high sensitivity and specificity in detecting neurocognitive disorders. We examined the utility of ACE-III subscale scores (Attention/Orientation, Memory, Fluency, Language, Visuospatial) to predict performance on expanded neuropsychological evaluation and detect diagnostic group differences.

Data Selection
217 patients (Mag = 74.0, Medu = 15.78) with neurocognitive concerns completed the ACE-III followed by a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation, including Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) Digit Span Backward (DSB), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT B), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), Category Fluency (Vegetables), Wechsler Memory Scale-IV (WMS-IV) Logical Memory (LM), and WAIS-IV Block Design (BD). Patients were diagnosed as having Normal Cognition (NC), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), or Major Neurocognitive Disorder (MND) from clinical history and overall performance (67-NC, 105-MCI, 45-MND). Within-construct performances on comprehensive testing were regressed on ACE-III subscales. Group differences in ACE-III subscales and total scores were also examined.

Data Synthesis
Each ACE-III subscale score predicted within-construct performance on expanded testing with moderate-strong effects (p’s &lt; .001): Attention/Orientation predictive of WAIS-IV DSB and TMT B; Memory predictive of WMS-IV LM immediate and delayed; Fluency predictive of COWAT and Category Fluency; Language predictive of BNT; Visuospatial predictive of WAIS-IV BD. ACE-III subscale and total scores also distinguished between groups (NC &gt; MCI &gt; MND; p’s &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Across severity of cognitive impairment, ACE-III subscales are predictive of within-construct performance on expanded testing. The ACE-III may be a useful proxy for a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and demonstrates diagnostic utility in distinguishing different levels of cognitive impairment in older adults referred for neurocognitive concerns.
A-204 Cross-Validation of the Dot Counting Test in a Nonclinical Sample
Authors: K Martinez , C Sayers , C Clark , R Schroeder 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Studies have indicated that nonclinical participants in neuropsychological research do not always perform validly on testing (e.g., An, Zakzanis, & Joordens, 2012). As such, we cross-validated a brief yet well-researched performance validity test, the Dot Counting Test (DCT), in a validly performing nonclinical sample.

Method
Participants were 50 college students (mean age = 19.92; mean education = 14.10) who completed a neuropsychological test battery under the instruction to provide their best effort on all tests. Freestanding performance validity tests included the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) and DCT. To ensure that only valid participants were included in the study, it was required that participants pass all examined TOMM validity indices (i.e., Trial 1, Trial 2, Retention, Albany Consistency Index, and Invalid Forgetting Frequency Index; no participant failed any of these indices).

Results
The first DCT E-score cutoff at which 90% specificity was obtained was &gt; 13. At a cutoff of &gt; 17 (a previously established clinical group cutoff), 98% specificity was obtained. At a cutoff of &gt; 21, 100% specificity was obtained.

Conclusions
Results cross-validate the DCT for use in a nonclinical sample. Multiple cutoffs are reported, along with corresponding specificity rates. Researchers can now choose the cutoff, which corresponds to their desired specificity rate, to use in nonclinical research studies to help ensure that invalidly performing participants are excluded from future research.
A-215 The Utility of the First Ten Items of the Warrington Recognition Memory Test as a Performance Validity Test
Authors: J Fett , M Cottingham 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Performance validity tests (PVTs) are widely used in neuropsychological evaluations but are often lengthy and time-consuming. Therefore, development of more efficient PVTs is critical. The current study evaluated the utility of the first 10 items of the Warrington Recognition Memory Test (RMT) as an indicator of performance validity.

Methods
This study utilized archival data from 134 veterans presenting for a clinical neuropsychological evaluation at a southeastern Veterans Affairs hospital. Patients were deemed “credible” if they failed less than two unrelated PVT measures, had a FSIQ &gt; 70, and did not carry a diagnosis of dementia. This resulted in 103 patients in the credible group [Mage = 49.76(11.67); Meducation = 14.09(2.88); 77.67% Male]. The 31 patients in the non-credible group met Slick et al. (1999) criteria[Mage = 45.13(11.18); Meducation = 12.77(2.53); 87.10% Male]. Frequency counts were run to determine sensitivity and specificity values at established cut-offs and to create new cut-offs for the first 10 items.

Results
Using established cut-off scores, the RMT total score had adequate specificity (91%) with a corresponding sensitivity of 84%, and the RMT time score had adequate specificity (93%) with a corresponding sensitivity of 34%. When examining the first 10 items on the RMT, a score of &lt; 8 resulted in 96% specificity and 61% sensitivity.

Conclusions
The established cutoffs for the RMT performed well in this patient sample. Additionally, using a cutoff score of ≤ 8 on the first 10 items of the RMT may be a useful indicator of probable failure on the RMT, significantly reducing test administration time.