bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Functional Impact Training on Body Composition, Bone Mineral Density, and Strength in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: ARTESE ASHLEY L. , HUNT RACHAEL L. , ORMSBEE MICHAEL J. , KIM JEONG-SU , ARJMANDI BAHRAM H. , PANTON LYNN B. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 24 wk of functional impact training (FIT) that consisted of resistance and high-impact exercises in comparison with yin yoga on body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), blood biomarkers for bone metabolism, and strength in breast cancer survivors (BCS).

Methods
Forty-four BCS (60.3 ± 8.3 yr) were randomly assigned to the FIT or yin yoga group. Body composition and BMD were measured via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Blood biomarkers for bone metabolism were analyzed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Upper and lower body strength was assessed using a one-repetition maximum chest press and isokinetic knee extension/flexion using the Biodex System 3, respectively. Participants completed 45-min FIT or yin yoga sessions twice weekly for 24 wk. Changes in dependent variables over time were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05.

Results
There were no group–time effects for body composition, BMD, or blood biomarkers. Main effects were observed for left femoral neck (0.883 ± 0.138 to 0.870 ± 0.131 g·cm−2) and left forearm (0.465 ± 0.078 to 0.457 ± 0.069 g·cm−2) BMD. The FIT group improved upper body strength (73.2 ± 18.1 to 83.2 ± 22.3 kg), whereas the yin yoga group did not (59.8 ± 14.8 to 59.3 ± 15.6 kg). Main time effects were observed for peak isokinetic knee extension and flexion at all speeds with an average improvement of 13.2% and 16.2%, respectively.

Conclusion
Both FIT and yin yoga may be beneficial exercise modes for improving lower body strength, although only FIT improved upper body strength. Additional research is needed to examine the effectiveness of FIT programs of longer duration and/or higher intensity on body composition and BMD in BCS.
Blood Flow Restriction Improves Executive Function after Walking
Authors: SUGIMOTO TAKESHI , SUGA TADASHI , TOMOO KEIGO , DORA KENTO , MOK ERNEST , TSUKAMOTO HAYATO , TAKADA SHINGO , HASHIMOTO TAKESHI , ISAKA TADAO 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Blood flow restriction (BFR) walking is recognized as a beneficial strategy for increasing skeletal muscle mass and strength. No study has examined the effect of BFR exercise on cognitive functions, including executive function (EF). In this study, we examined the effect of BFR walking on EF.

Methods
We performed two studies, at rest and exercise, with BFR or non-BFR (NBFR) in a crossover design. Sitting rest was performed for 15 min (study 1, n = 8). Exercise was programmed at five sets of 2-min walking at 5 km·h−1 with 1-min rest intervals (study 2, n = 16). The BFR condition was achieved using 200 mm Hg pressure cuffs placed around the proximal region of the thighs. The NBFR condition involved no pressure cuffs. EF was assessed using the color–word Stroop task before and after each condition.

Results
In study 1, there were no significant effects on EF parameters for both BFR and NBFR conditions, suggesting that BFR alone does not improve EF. In study 2, incongruent reaction time shortened after BFR walking compared with that before walking (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the reverse Stroop interference score decreased after BFR walking compared with that before walking (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that, even with a mild exercise, BFR walking improves EF independently of the effect of BFR alone or walking alone.
Kinematic Sequence Classification and the Relationship to Pitching Limb Torques
Authors: SCARBOROUGH DONNA MOXLEY , LINDERMAN SHANNON E. , SANCHEZ JAVIER E. , BERKSON ERIC M. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The kinematic sequence (KS) during a baseball pitch provides insight into an athlete’s ability to efficiently transfer energy and develop segmental velocities, to assess the quality of body segment position and control. Study purposes were 1) to introduce the four-category Kinematic Sequence Classification System and 2) to compare elbow and shoulder torques and shoulder distraction force across the KS categories performed during the fastball pitch.

Methods
Thirty baseball pitchers (20.0 ± 3.1 yr) underwent 3D biomechanical pitch analyses of 249 fastball pitches. Seventeen distinct KS patterns were identified and assigned into four categories: 1) The proximal-to-distal (PDS) group includes the KS closest to theoretical ideal order of the five body segments (pelvis → trunk → arm → forearm → hand). The other categories were defined based on the segment where the first out-of-sequence peak angular velocity occurred: 2) distal upper extremity (DUE), 3) proximal upper extremity, and 4) pelvis/trunk. Throwing limb shoulder distraction force and shoulder and elbow torques were calculated. Linear mixed model analyses compared variables across KS categories.

Results
Average elbow valgus torques differed significantly across all categories, P = 0.023, and were greater for the DUE (73.99 ± 20.84 N·m) than the PDS (61.35 ± 16.79 N·m), P = 0.006. Shoulder external rotation torques were significantly different, P = 0.033, across categories.

Conclusion
The PDS group demonstrated less mechanical stresses on the throwing shoulder and elbow but was observed in only 12% of pitches. The DUE group was the most common and generated the greatest elbow valgus and shoulder external rotation torques. The KS can inform coaches and sports medicine clinicians where the greatest torques are incurred by a pitcher. A KS classification system may serve as a screening tool or target pitching instruction for injury avoidance.
СУЛЬБУТИАМИН В ПСИХИАТРИИ, НАРКОЛОГИИ, НЕВРОЛОГИИ И ОБЩЕСОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)
Authors: Bekker Roman Alexandrovich , Bykov Yuriy Vitalievich 
Published: July 2020

Цель исследования: представить читателю данные о фармакологической активности сульбутиамина (одного из липофильных производных тиамина), о механизмах его терапевтического эффекта, о его показаниях к применению и о доказательной базе для его применения в психиатрии, наркологии и неврологии, а также при некоторых общесоматических патологиях.Методология проведения работы: мы провели поиск и изучение литературных данных о тиамине и сульбутиамине в поисковых системах и базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, с использованием соответствующих ключевых слов.Результаты: найденные нами в ходе составления настоящего обзора литературные данные свидетельствуют о том, что сульбутиамин может обладать рядом ценных для клинической практики свойств, в частности, антиоксидантным, нейропротективным, ноотропным, психостимулирующим, энергизирующим и антиастеническим действием и, возможно, также умеренными антидепрессивными, анксиолитическими и анальгетическими свойствами. Он может быть эффективным в составе комплексной терапии деменции Альцгеймера, депрессивных и тревожных расстройств, расстройств аутистического спектра, синдрома дефицита внимания и гиперактивности, астенических состояний разного генеза и др.Область применения результатов: результаты этого обзора заслуживают самого широкого применения в психиатрии, наркологии и неврологии.
Frequency stability characterization: DFB laser and Raman pump performance on a distributed clock signal over 24.69  km fiber
Authors: Osiemo D. M. , Waswa D. W. , Muguro K. M. , Isoe G. M. , Gibbon T. B. , Leitch A. W. R. 
Published: July 2020

Distribution of timing and frequency signals in a fast-changing world requires unprecedented levels of stability for characterization. Transfer of frequency references over long distance without introducing any additional instability is of urgent concern for optical clock development. Choice of optical transmitter is critical to achieving accurate and stable RF clocks for end users. In this paper, we report the stability performance of the distributed feedback (DFB) laser and the Raman pump for transmitted clock signals. The DFB laser and the Raman pump were modulated with 2, 4, and 6 GHz RF clock signals from a signal generator and transmitted over 24.69 km SMF-Reach fiber. At 10 kHz offset frequency, we measured lowest phase noise of

−

121.22

d
B
c

/

H
z

and highest spectra power of

−

5.38

d
B
m

at 2 GHz for the DFB laser. Transfer stabilities of

1.366

×

10

−
12

and

1.626

×

10

−
12

for 2 and 4 GHz, respectively, at 1000 s averaging time were achieved. This technique does not require additional amplifiers for long-distance frequency distribution, making it simple and economical, and hence satisfying the requirements for next-generation optical fiber networks.
Fabrication of magnesium metallic nanoparticles by liquid-assisted laser ablation
Authors: ElFaham Mohamed M. , Okil M. , Mostafa Ayman M. 
Published: July 2020

Magnesium metallic nanoparticles have been synthesized using the pulsed laser ablation in liquid media technique (PLAL) in the range of 20–30 nm by varying the laser ablation time. During the laser ablation process, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is used to investigate the physicochemical properties as laser-induced Mg plasma in terms of spectral line intensities and their plasma parameters (

n

e

and

T

e

). The X-ray diffraction technique and UV-visible technique show that the produced samples have a crystalline structure, and as the laser ablation time increases, the value of the absorption peak shifts to lower wavelengths and the average particle decreases, respectively. The use of the PLAL technique shows the capability to produce a metallic structure based on purging the solution by molecular nitrogen. The use of the LIBS technique shows a good and fast tool for detecting their particle sizes and the differentiation between the metallic form and its oxide structure.
Resonantly pumped Er:YAG vector laser with selective polarization states at 1.6  µm
Authors: Song Rui , Gao Chunqing , Zhou Heng , Fu Shiyao 
Published: July 2020

A resonantly pumped Er:YAG vector laser emitting at 1645 nm with selective polarization states is demonstrated. A compact five-mirror resonator incorporated a pair of quarter-wave plates (QWPs), and a pair of q-plates (QPs) is employed. Cylindrical vector beams of all states on a single high-order Poincaré sphere could be obtained by rotating the QWPs and QPs relatively.
Justice on Demand: True Crime in the Digital Streaming Era, Tanya Horeck (2019)
Authors: Watson Thomas Joseph 
Published: July 2020

Review of: Justice on Demand: True Crime in the Digital Streaming Era, Tanya Horeck (2019)
Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 240 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-81434-063-9, p/bk, $34.99
Liver Damage due to Hypervitaminosis
Authors: Sy Alexander M. , Kumar Smriti R. , Steinberg Jonathan , Garcia-Buitrago Monica Tulia , Arosemena Benitez Leopoldo Ramon 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Dietary supplements are unregulated medications that can lead to serious liver injury. Despite this, many people take vitamin supplements believing they are safe because they do not require prescriptions. We are reporting a case of an African American man who took large doses of vitamin supplements leading to noncirrhotic portal hypertension. The case highlights the importance of detailed history taking to diagnose and treat patients properly.
Increase in the Lipopolysaccharide Activity and Accumulation of Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Stomach With Low Acidity
Authors: Sano Masaya , Uchida Tetsufumi , Igarashi Muneki , Matsuoka Takashi , Kimura Moto , Koike Jun , Fujisawa Mia , Mizukami Hajime , Monma Makiko , Teramura Erika , Yoshihara Shiho , Sato Hirohiko , Morimachi Masashi , Ito Ayano , Ueda Takashi , Shiraishi Koichi , Matsushima Masashi , Suzuki Takayoshi , Koga Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are highly toxic and induce inflammation. Therefore, we investigated both the LPS activity and composition of GNB in the gastric fluid (GF) to assess the potential toxicity of them accumulated in the stomach.

METHODS:
GF and saliva samples were obtained from 158 outpatients who were undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and 36 volunteers using a nasogastric tube. The LPS activity was measured by assay kits including recombinant Factor C or Limulus amebocyte lysate. To assess the bacterial composition in the samples, a 16S ribosomal DNA-based operational taxonomic unit analysis was performed. We focused on the genera representing >0.1% of the whole microbiota.

RESULTS:
We found a high LPS activity in the GF samples with weak acidity (approximately > pH 4), whereas little/no activity in those with strong acidity (approximately < pH 2). Spearman test also demonstrated a close correlation between pH and LPS in those samples (r = 0.872). The relative abundance of GNB in the saliva showed no significant difference between the subject groups with weak- and strong-acidity GF. In addition, in the subjects whose GF acidity was weak, the GNB abundance in the GF was almost the same as that in the saliva. By contrast, in the subjects whose GF acidity was strong, the GNB abundance in the GF was significantly lower than that in the saliva.

DISCUSSION:
GNB that have recently moved from the oral cavity might account for the prominent LPS activity in a stomach with weak acidity.
Host Genetic and Gut Microbial Signatures in Familial Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Park Yoo Min , Ha Eunji , Gu Ki-Nam , Shin Ga Young , Lee Chang Kyun , Kim Kwangwoo , Kim Hyo Jong 
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The family history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been strongly associated with risk of developing IBD. This study aimed to identify the host genetic and gut microbial signatures in familial IBD.

METHODS:
Genetic analyses using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and whole exome sequencing were performed to calculate weighted genetic risk scores from known IBD-associated common variants and to identify rare deleterious protein-altering variants specific to patients with familial IBD in 8 Korean families that each included more than 2 affected first-degree relatives (FDRs) and their unaffected FDR(s). In parallel, gut microbial community was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing of stools from the sample individuals.

RESULTS:
The risk of familial IBD was not well explained by the genetic burden from common IBD-risk variants, suggesting the presence of family-shared genetic and environmental disease-risk factors. We identified 17 genes (AC113554.1, ACE, AKAP17A, AKAP9, ANK2, ASB16, ASIC3, DNPH1, DUS3L, FAM200A, FZD10, LAMA5, NUTM2F, PKN1, PRR26, WDR66, and ZC3H4) that each contained rare, potentially deleterious variants transmitted to the affected FDRs in multiple families. In addition, metagenomic analyses revealed significantly different diversity of gut microbiota and identified a number of differentially abundant taxa in affected FDRs, highlighting 22 novel familial disease-associated taxa with large abundance changes and the previously reported gut dysbiosis including low alpha diversity in IBD and 16 known IBD-specific taxa.

DISCUSSION:
This study identified familial IBD-associated rare deleterious variants and gut microbial dysbiosis in familial IBD.
Accreditation standard suggestions for teaching Turkish to foreigners
Authors: İkiel Alparslan 
Published: July 2020

In recent years reasons, such as migration movements to Turkey happened due to the internal conflicts in the geography where Republic of Turkey is located, and again, progressive increase of the number of the students who prefer Turkey in the international student mobility encountered in the globalizing world, require this population, who does not know the Turkish language, to be in contact with the social environment where they live and state institutions in order to survive and benefit from humanitarian services. Language learning and usage has become an important need for them to carry out this communication in a healthy way. Due to these developments, there has been a serious demand for teaching Turkish to foreigners. With the aim of establishing a perception of quality and institutionalizing this perception in language schools that teach Turkish to foreigners; It is an important need to be able to offer quality standards suggestion to the accreditation association in Turkish teaching, which can be established in the future. The aim of this research is to develop accreditation standard suggestions for institutions teaching Turkish to foreigners. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Son yıllarda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin bulunduğu coğrafyadaki çeşitli ülkelerin gerek kendi iç çatışmaları gerekse de diğer ülkelerin farklı müdahaleleri ile yaşanan çatışmalar nedeniyle Türkiye’ye göç hareketleri gerçekleşmiştir. Diğer yandan küreselleşen dünyada yaşanan uluslararası öğrenci hareketliliğinde bölgesel ve ulusal bir güç olma yönündeki durumu, Türkiye’yi tercih eden yükseköğretim öğrencilerinin sayısının giderek artmasına neden olmuştur. Bu nedenler Türkçenin yabancılara öğretiminin bazı akredite standartlarının olmasını gündeme getirmiştir. Türk dilini bilmeyen bu nüfusun yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri insani hizmetlerden yararlanabilmeleri için bulundukları sosyal ortam ve devlet kurumları ile iletişim halinde olmalarını gerektirmiştir. Bu iletişimi sağlıklı bir şekilde gerçekleştirmeleri için dil öğrenimi ve kullanımı önemli bir ihtiyaç haline hale gelmiştir. Bu gelişmelere bağlı olarak yabancılara Türkçe öğretimine ciddi bir talep oluşmuştur. Yabancılara Türkçe öğretimi alanında eğitim veren dil okullarında bir kalite algısı oluşması önemlidir. Bu algının kurumsallaşabilmesi amacı ile ileride kurulabilecek Türkçe öğretiminde akreditasyon derneğine kalite standartları önerisi sunabilmek önemli bir ihtiyaçtır. Bu araştırmanın amacı yabancılara Türkçe öğretimi yapan kurumlar için akreditasyon standart önerileri geliştirmektir.
Different Foot Positioning During Calf Training to Induce Portion-Specific Gastrocnemius Muscle Hypertrophy
Authors: Nunes João Pedro , Costa Bruna D.V. , Kassiano Witalo , Kunevaliki Gabriel , Castro-e-Souza Pâmela , Rodacki André L.F. , Fortes Leonardo S. , Cyrino Edilson S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nunes, JP, Costa, BDV, Kassiano, W, Kunevaliki, G, Castro-e-Souza, P, Rodacki, ALF, Fortes, LS, and Cyrino, ES. Different foot positioning during calf training to induce portion-specific gastrocnemius muscle hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2347–2351, 2020—The aim of this study was to compare the changes in gastrocnemius muscle thickness (MT) between conditions such as which foot was pointed outward (FPO), foot was pointed inward (FPI), or foot was pointed forward (FPF). Twenty-two young men (23 ± 4 years) were selected and performed a whole-body resistance training program 3 times per week for 9 weeks, with differences in the exercise specific for calves. The calf-raise exercise was performed unilaterally, in a pin-loaded seated horizontal leg-press machine, in 3 sets of 20–25 repetitions for training weeks 1–3 and 4 sets for weeks 4–9. Each subject's leg was randomly assigned for 1 of the 3 groups according to the foot position: FPO, FPI, and FPF. Measurements with a B-mode ultrasound were performed to assess changes in MT of medial and lateral gastrocnemius heads. After the training period, there were observed increases in MT of both medial (FPO = 8.4%, FPI = 3.8%, and FPF = 5.8%) and lateral (FPO = 5.5%, FPI = 9.1%, and FPF = 6.4%) gastrocnemius heads, and significant differences for magnitude of the gains were observed between FPO and FPI conditions (p < 0.05). Positioning FPO potentiated the increases in MT of the medial gastrocnemius head, whereas FPI provided greater gains for the lateral gastrocnemius head. Our results suggest that head-specific muscle hypertrophy may be obtained selectively for gastrocnemius after 9 weeks of calf training in young male adults.
The Contact Stress Distribution in a Double Tapered Bolt Joint
Authors: Persson Johan , Gradin Per A. , Nyström Staffan K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The mechanical problem that occurs when a thin elastic layer (e.g., a part of a composite panel) is inserted between two tapered elastic parts and bolted together is studied. The problem considered is of relevance for situations when it is of value to get a rough estimate of the contact pressure in the elastic layer and, by extension, the contact friction. The intermediate elastic layer (i.e., panel) is assumed to behave like a Winkler foundation, and engineering beam theory is assumed to describe the behavior of the tapered outer parts. The coupling between the transverse stresses in the panel and the longitudinal stress due to an applied external tensile load in the plane of the panel is ignored. By using the influence functions for the tapered parts, one obtains an integral equation involving the compression of the panel as the only unknown function. The integral equation is solved numerically by standard procedures. An experiment was also performed in a way that differs slightly from what is covered by the more general theoretical model. This is due to practical reasons connected to the experiment. It was found that the theoretical model gave results in fair agreement with the experimental results.
Effect of conjugated estrogens and bazedoxifene on glucose, energy and lipid metabolism in obese postmenopausal women
Authors: Marlatt Kara L , Lovre Dragana , Beyl Robbie A , Tate Chandra R , Hayes Evelyn K , Burant Charles F , Ravussin Eric , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Combining conjugated estrogens (CE) with the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene (BZA) is a novel, orally administered menopausal therapy. We investigated the effect of CE/BZA on insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, and serum metabolome in postmenopausal women with obesity.

Design:
Randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot trial with washout was conducted at Pennington Biomedical Research Center. Eight postmenopausal women (age 50–60 years, BMI 30–40 kg/m2) were randomized to 8 weeks CE/BZA or placebo. Primary outcome was insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp). Secondary outcomes included body composition (DXA); resting metabolic rate (RMR); substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry); ectopic lipids (1H-MRS); fat cell size, adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression (biopsies); serum inflammatory markers; and serum metabolome (LC/MS).

Results:
CE/BZA treatment produced no detectable effect on insulin sensitivity, body composition, ectopic fat, fat cell size, or substrate oxidation, but resulted in a non-significant increase in RMR (basal: P = 0.06; high-dose clamp: P = 0.08) compared to placebo. CE/BZA increased serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. CE/BZA also increased serum diacylglycerol (DAG) and triacylglycerol (TAG) species containing long-chain saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and decreased long-chain acylcarnitines, possibly reflecting increased hepatic de novo FA synthesis and esterification into TAGs for export into very low-density lipoproteins, as well as decreased FA oxidation, respectively (P < 0.05). CE/BZA increased serum phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, ceramides, and sphingomyelins, possibly reflecting the increase in serum lipoproteins (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
A short treatment of obese postmenopausal women with CE/BZA does not alter insulin action or ectopic fat but increases serum markers of hepatic de novo lipogenesis and TAG production.