bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new improved generalized decomposition method (improved-GDM) for hydromagnetic boundary layer flow
Authors: Gherieb Sihem , Kezzar Mohamed , Nehal Abdelaziz , Sari Mohamed Rafik 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the magneto-hydrodynamics boundary layer Falkner–Skan flow over a flat plate numerically by using the Runge–Kutta method featuring shooting technique and analytically via a new modified analytical technique called improved generalized Adomian decomposition method (improved-GDM).

Design/methodology/approach
It is well established that the generalized decomposition method (GDM) (Yong-Chang et al., 2008), which uses a new kind of decomposition strategy for the nonlinear function, has proved its efficiency and superiority when compared to the standard ADM method. In this investigation, based on the idea of improved-ADM method developed by Lina and Song (Song and Wang, 2013), the authors proposed a new analytical algorithm of computation named improved-GDM. Thereafter, the proposed algorithm is tested by solving the nonlinear problem of the hydro-magnetic boundary layer flow over a flat plate.

Findings
The proposed improved generalized decomposition method (I-GDM) introduces a convergence-control parameter “ω’’ into the GDM, which accelerates the convergence of solution and reduces considerably the computation time. In fact, the key of this method is mainly based on the best selection of the convergence-control parameter ω.

Originality/value
The paper presents a new efficient algorithm of computation that can be considered as an alternative for solving the nonlinear initial boundary layer value problems. Obtained results show clearly the accuracy of the proposed method.
Virtuous leadership: a source of employee well-being and trust
Authors: Hendriks Martijn , Burger Martijn , Rijsenbilt Antoinette , Pleeging Emma , Commandeur Harry 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how a supervisor’s virtuous leadership as perceived by subordinates influences subordinates’ work-related well-being and to examine the mediating role of trust in the leader and the moderating roles of individual leader virtues and various characteristics of subordinates and organizations.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted through Prolific among a self-selected sample of 1,237 employees who worked with an immediate supervisor across various industries in primarily the UK and the USA. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that an immediate supervisor’s virtuous leadership as evaluated by the subordinate positively influences all three considered dimensions of work-related well-being – job satisfaction, work-related affect and work engagement – for a wide variety of employees in different industries and countries. A subordinate’s greater trust in the supervisor fully mediates this positive influence for job satisfaction and work engagement and partially for work-related affect. All five individual core leader virtues – prudence, temperance, justice, courage and humanity – positively influence work-related well-being.Practical implicationsThe findings underscore that promoting virtuous leadership is a promising pathway for improved employee well-being, which may ultimately benefit individual and organizational performance.Originality/valueDespite an age-old interest in leader virtues, the lack of consensus on the defining elements of virtuous leadership has limited the understanding of its consequences. Building on recent advances in the conceptualization and measurement of virtuous leadership and leader character, this paper addresses this void by exploring how virtuous leadership relates to employees’ well-being and trust.
A comparison of methods for health policy evaluation with controlled pre‐post designs
Authors: O'Neill Stephen , Kreif Noemi , Sutton Matt , Grieve Richard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare interactive fixed effects (IFE) and generalized synthetic control (GSC) methods to methods prevalent in health policy evaluation and re‐evaluate the impact of the hip fracture best practice tariffs introduced for hospitals in England in 2010.Data SourcesSimulations and Hospital Episode Statistics.Study DesignBest practice tariffs aimed to incentivize providers to deliver care in line with guidelines. Under the scheme, 62 providers received an additional payment for each hip fracture admission, while 49 providers did not. We estimate the impact using difference‐in‐differences (DiD), synthetic control (SC), IFE, and GSC methods. We contrast the estimation methods' performance in a Monte Carlo simulation study.Principal FindingsUnlike DiD, SC, and IFE methods, the GSC method provided reliable estimates across a range of simulation scenarios and was preferred for this case study. The introduction of best practice tariffs led to a 5.9 (confidence interval: 2.0 to 9.9) percentage point increase in the proportion of patients having surgery within 48 hours and a statistically insignificant 0.6 (confidence interval: −1.4 to 0.4) percentage point reduction in 30‐day mortality.ConclusionsThe GSC approach is an attractive method for health policy evaluation. We cannot be confident that best practice tariffs were effective.
Freeze‐drying of black chokeberry pomace extract–loaded double emulsions to obtain dispersible powders
Authors: Eisinaitė Viktorija , Leskauskaitė Daiva , Pukalskienė Milda , Venskutonis Petras Rimantas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBlack chokeberry pomace extract is rich in polyphenolic antioxidants, including anthocyanins. Added to foods, bioactive compounds of the extract can undergo undesirable changes both during food handling and digestion. In this study, we examined the possibility of encapsulating a considerable amount of black chokeberry pomace extract in the inner water phase of double emulsion (water‐in‐oil‐in‐water), for intended use in food applications. Furthermore, this study investigated the feasibility of double emulsions loaded with the extract for freeze‐drying to obtain dispersible powders. A substantial amount (2.1%) of black chokeberry pomace extract was efficiently encapsulated in the inner water phase of double emulsion and remained entrapped during 60 days of storage (<97%) as well as during the freeze‐drying of emulsions. Reconstituted emulsions obtained after the rehydration process were found to show monomodal droplet size distribution, decent creaming stability (approximately 97%), and good encapsulation efficiency (95.36%). Such characteristics of powdered double emulsions loaded by black chokeberry pomace extract make them suitable for food application as retainer and preservative of bioactive polyphenolic–rich extracts.Practical ApplicationPowders of double emulsions loaded by black chokeberry pomace extract could be used as a source of bioactive polyphenolic compounds.
Effects of different thawing methods on physicochemical properties and structure of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Cai Luyun , Wan Jiangli , Li Xiuxia , Li Jianrong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the physicochemical properties and structure of thawed fillets, following six treatments were used: conventional thawing, microwave thawing, microwave or ultrasound combined with vacuum thawing, magnetic nanoparticles combined with microwave or far‐infrared thawing. The thawing loss, cooking loss, pH, color, texture change, water‐holding capacity, and water migration of fish fillets were determined. The total volatile base nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid were used to determine the degree of protein degradation and lipid oxidation. Microscope observations and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe fiber microstructure. Results indicated that both microwave combined with vacuum thawing and far‐infrared combined with magnetic nanoparticles thawing had desirable physicochemical properties as compared to other thawing methods. The lower total volatile base nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid values had less effect on protein degradation and lipid oxidation of thawing process. Besides, both microwaves combined with vacuum thawing and far‐infrared combined with magnetic nanoparticles thawing samples had no significant difference in immobilized and bond water compared with fresh sample. SEM and microscopic observation showed that the myofibril bundles were arranged regularly and smoothly in microwave combined with vacuum thawing and far‐infrared combined with magnetic nanoparticles thawing samples compared with other thawed methods. Thus, the microwave combined with vacuum thawing and far‐infrared combined with magnetic nanoparticles thawing as potential thawing methods could be used to maintain the quality of thawed fish fillets.Practical ApplicationLargemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is a good source of animal protein. The fish needs to be frozen for circulation because of geographical and seasonal factors, so thawing methods can directly affect the quality of thawed fish. The results showed that the microwave combined with vacuum and the magnetic nanoparticles combined with far‐infrared thawing could better maintain the quality of thawed fish.
A Textural and Mineralogical Study of the Shanzhuang Banded Iron Formation, Southeastern Margin of the North China Craton: Implications for the Overprint History of Hydrothermal Alteration and Supergenesis after Mineralization
Authors: ZHANG Yan , YU Xuefeng , PENG Qiming , LI Dapeng , LI Xiaowei , SHEN Kun , ZHANG Shangkun , SHAN Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe newly discovered Shanzhuang BIF is hosted in the Shancaoyu Formation of the Taishan Group within the Eastern Block, southeastern margin of the North China Craton. The ores can be subdivided into three types in terms of mineral assemblages, corresponding to three types (I, II, III). The element concentration of the type I magnetite is similar to that of the type II magnetite, while the type III magnetite is similar to that of the schist. In general, magnetite and hematite grains from the ores show high concentrations of Mn (1317, 1162 ppm), Co (787, 1023 ppm), Al (2224, 2435 ppm) and Ti (540, 300 ppm), Whereas magnetite is depleted in Si (420 ppm) and hematite enriched in Si (1690 ppm). Detailed petrographic and mineral chemical analysis of magnetite, hematite, amphibole/hornblende and pyroxene, reveals that almost all the minerals occur as subhedral‐anhedral grains with pits and fractures, and the BIF is recrystallized to metamorphic assemblages of high amphibolite facies. Hornblende is highly enriched in Fe, Mg and Ca, but depleted in K and Na, mostly belonging to magnesiohornblende. In addition, the ratios of Mg/(Mg+Fe2+), Fe3+/(Fe3++Fe2+), Si/(Si+Ti+Al) and Al/Si are 0.48–0.64, 0.17–0.36, 0.79–0.88 and 0.14–0.27, respectively. It is suggested that hornblende is neither a typical magmatic origin nor a typical metamorphic. Pyroxene has the characteristics of high Ca and Fe, but low Ti and Al, with end‐member components En, Wo and Fs in the ranges of 25.22–28.64 wt%, 43.71–46.40 wt% and 24.51–27.62 wt%, respectively, belonging to clinopyroxene, and mostly diopside, might be formed during the prograde metamorphism in the absence of H2O. The carbonate such as dolomite‐ankerite series is probably a precursor mineral of the BIF deposit. Mass mineral chemical and structural characteristics indicate that the Shanzhuang iron deposit has been subjected to varying degrees of oxidized hydrothermal superimposed reformation, metamorphism, and supergenesis after mineralization, during which some elements have been migrated in some degree.
Care Transition Decisions After a Fall‐related Emergency Department Visit: A Qualitative Study of Patients’ and Caregivers’ Experiences
Authors: Gettel Cameron J. , Hayes Kelsey , Shield Renee R. , Guthrie Kate M. , Goldberg Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveFalls are a leading cause of injury‐related emergency department (ED) visits and may serve as a sentinel event for older adults, leading to physical and psychological injury. Our primary objective was to characterize patient‐ and caregiver‐specific perspectives about care transitions after a fall.MethodsUsing a semistructured interview guide, we conducted in‐depth, qualitative interviews using grounded theory methodology. We included patients enrolled in the Geriatric Acute and Post‐acute Fall Prevention Intervention (GAPcare) trial aged 65 years and older who had an ED visit for a fall and their caregivers. Patients with cognitive impairment (CI) were interviewed in patient–caregiver dyads. Domains assessed included the postfall recovery period, the skilled nursing facility (SNF) placement decision‐making process, and the ease of obtaining outpatient follow‐up. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded and analyzed for a priori and emergent themes.ResultsA total of 22 interviews were completed with 10 patients, eight caregivers, and four patient–caregiver dyads within the 6‐month period after initial ED visits. Patients were on average 83 years old, nine of 14 were female, and two of 14 had CI. Six of 12 caregivers were interviewed in reference to a patient with CI. We identified four overarching themes: 1) the fall as a trigger for psychological and physiological change, 2) SNF placement decision‐making process, 3) direct effect of fall on caregivers, and 4) barriers to receipt of recommended follow‐up.ConclusionsOlder adults presenting to the ED after a fall report physical limitations and a prominent fear of falling after their injury. Caregivers play a vital role in securing the home environment; the SNF placement decision‐making process; and navigating the transition of care between the ED, SNF, and outpatient visits after a fall. Clinicians should anticipate and address feelings of isolation, changes in mobility, and fear of falling in older adults seeking ED care after a fall.
Patterns of polyp histology: predictors of peril in the mucosa
Authors: Dean Meara , Plesec Thomas , Kalady Matthew F. , Church James 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrecursor colonic polyps of varied subtypes correlate with the known neoplastic pathways. When patients present with synchronous pre‐malignant polyps of multiple histologies, multiple genetic mechanisms are likely to be active, potentially resulting in a more unstable, tumourigenic mucosa.MethodsWe hypothesized that patients with a combination of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps), hyperplastic (HP) polyps and adenomas would be at highest risk of developing dysplasia/cancer compared to SSA/Ps alone, due to the synergistic effect of multiple active carcinogenic pathways. A prospective colonoscopy database was examined for patients with a history of SSA/P. Patients were placed into four groups based on patterns of polyp histology as follows: (i) only SSA/Ps; (ii) SSA/P + HP; (iii) SSA/Ps + adenomas; and (iv) SSA/Ps + HP + adenomas. These groups were compared in terms of the numbers, size, location and histology of polyps and personal or family history of colorectal cancer.ResultsA total of 374 patients were included. The average age was 70 years (range 21–88), and 43% were male. There was a trend towards the most aggressive neoplastic pattern in group 4, associated with a tendency to larger SSA/Ps, more villous architecture in the adenomas and more high‐grade dysplasia in both types of polyps. It was also associated with multiplicity of both SSA/Ps and adenomas. No SSA/Ps existing in the absence of adenomas had cytological dysplasia.ConclusionThe combination of SSA/Ps, HP and adenomas in the colorectal epithelium seems to be a marker for aggressive carcinogenesis and suggests that accurate and effective surveillance is important to manage this risk.
Randomised simulation trial found an association between rescuers' height and weight and chest compression quality during paediatric resuscitation
Authors: Bibl Katharina , Gröpel Peter , Berger Angelika , Schmölzer Georg M. , Olischar Monika , Wagner Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimOur aim was to examine the relationship between rescuers' anthropometric data and chest compression quality during paediatric resuscitation training.MethodsThis study focused on 224 medical students (53% women) who performed 2 minutes of paediatric resuscitation at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria: 116 on a baby manikin and 108 on an adolescent manikin. Skill Reporter software measured chest compression quality by recording compression depth, frequency, hand position and complete recoil. The participants' height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were recorded.ResultsParticipants with a lower BMI achieved higher total chest compression scores on both the baby and adolescent manikins than participants with a higher BMI. The latter were more likely to exceed the correct compression depth and not achieve complete chest recoil in the adolescent manikin. When it came to the baby manikin, the female participants achieved better chest recoil and the males achieved a higher number of compressions at the correct rate. Males also achieved better chest recoil with the adolescent manikins. Being tall only correlated with incomplete recoil in the adolescent manikin.ConclusionThe results indicate that anthropometric variables were associated with chest compression quality in paediatric patients and should be considered by future education programmes.
A path to altruism: Investigating the effects of brand origin and message explicitness in CR‐M campaigns
Authors: Woo Hongjoo , Childs Michelle Lynn , Kim Seeun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn increasing number of fashion brands are employing cause‐related marketing (CR‐M) campaigns to promote their social responsibility. However, with growing consumer skepticism about CR‐M, it is becoming more difficult than before to encourage consumers' positive responses to these campaigns. Based on construal level theory and rhetorical theory, this study examined the way brand origin (local vs. global), and its interaction with message type (explicit vs. implicit), influence consumers' perceived brand altruism and brand favorability. Two experimental studies were conducted with a total of 574 U.S. consumers. The results of Study 1 indicated that consumers exhibited higher perceived brand altruism and brand favorability toward a local brand's CR‐M campaign than a global brand's, showing that psychological distance can influence a CR‐M campaign's effectiveness. In addition, the results of Study 2 revealed that an explicit CR‐M message was more effective for global brands, while an implicit message was more effective for local brands, and perceived brand altruism mediated both effects. This suggests the importance of framing messages according to brand origin to maximize CR‐M campaigns' ability to achieve their goals effectively, in which perceived brand altruism plays a key role. The study's implications and limitations are discussed.
Efficacy and safety of dual add‐on therapy with dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin versus glimepiride in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on a stable dose of metformin: Results from a 52‐week, randomized, active‐controlled trial
Authors: Frias Juan P. , Gonzalez‐Galvez Guillermo , Johnsson Eva , Maaske Jill , Testa Marcia A. , Simonson Donald C. , Dronamraju Nalina , Garcia‐Sanchez Ricardo , Peters Anne L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin (DAPA) + saxagliptin (SAXA) compared with glimepiride (GLIM) in patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7.5–10.5% (58–91 mmol/mol)] on metformin monotherapy.Materials and methodsThis 52‐week, multicentre, double‐blind, active‐controlled study (NCT02419612) randomized (1:1) patients on metformin to add‐on DAPA 10 mg + SAXA 5 mg (n = 227) or GLIM 1–6 mg (titrated; n = 217). The primary efficacy endpoint was change in HbA1c from baseline to week 52.ResultsBaseline mean ± standard deviation of age, duration of diabetes and HbA1c were 56.1 ± 9.7 years, 7.8 ± 6.4 years and 8.5% ± 0.8% (69 ± 9.0 mmol/mol), respectively. Adjusted mean change from baseline in HbA1c was −1.35% (−14.8 mmol/mol) with DAPA + SAXA versus −0.98% (−10.7 mmol/mol) with GLIM (P <0.001). Changes from baseline in body weight and systolic blood pressure were −3.1 kg and −2.6 mmHg with DAPA + SAXA versus +1.0 kg (P <0.001) and +1.0 mmHg (P = 0.007) with GLIM. More patients achieved HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) (44.3% vs. 34.3%; P = 0.044), and fewer patients required treatment intensification (1.3% vs. 8.8%; P = 0.002) with DAPA + SAXA than with GLIM.ConclusionsCompared with GLIM, concurrent addition of DAPA + SAXA significantly improved glycaemic control, body weight and other metabolic parameters in patients inadequately controlled on metformin.Trial: NCT02419612, ClinicalTrials.gov.
Iron isotope fractionation in soil and graminaceous crops after 100 years of liming in the long‐term agricultural experimental site at Berlin‐Dahlem, Germany
Authors: Wu Bei , Wang Yi , Berns Anne E. , Schweitzer Kathlin , Bauke Sara L. , Bol Roland , Amelung Wulf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSustainable arable cropping relies on repeated liming. Yet, the associated increase in soil pH can reduce the availability of iron (Fe) to plants. We hypothesized that repeated liming, but not pedogenic processes such as lessivage (i.e., translocation of clay particles), alters the Fe cycle in Luvisol soil, thereby affecting Fe isotope composition in soils and crops. Hence, we analysed Fe concentrations and isotope compositions in soil profiles and winter rye from the long‐term agricultural experimental site in Berlin‐Dahlem, Germany, where a controlled liming trial with three field replicates per treatment has been conducted on Albic Luvisols since 1923. Heterogeneity in subsoil was observed at this site for Fe concentration but not for Fe isotope composition. Lessivage had not affected Fe isotope composition in the soil profiles. The results also showed that almost 100 years of liming lowered the concentration of the HCl‐extractable Fe that was potentially available for plant uptake in the surface soil (0–15 cm) from 1.03 (standard error (SE) 0.03) to 0.94 (SE 0.01) g kg−1. This HCl‐extractable Fe pool contained isotopically lighter Fe (δ56Fe = −0.05 to −0.29‰) than the bulk soil (δ56Fe = −0.08 to 0.08‰). However, its Fe isotope composition was not altered by the long‐term lime application. Liming resulted in relatively lower Fe concentrations in the roots of winter rye. In addition, liming led to a heavier Fe isotope composition of the whole plants compared with those grown in the non‐limed plots (δ56FeWholePlant_ + Lime = −0.12‰, SE 0.03 vs. δ56FeWholePlant_‐Lime = −0.21‰, SE 0.01). This suggests that the elevated soil pH (increased by one unit due to liming) promoted the Fe uptake strategy through complexation of Fe(III) from the rhizosphere, which favoured heavier Fe isotopes. Overall, the present study showed that liming and a related increase in pH did not affect the Fe isotope compositions of the soil, but may influence the Fe isotope composition of plants grown in the soil if they alter their Fe uptake strategy upon the change of Fe availability.Highlights
Fe concentrations and stocks, but not Fe isotope compositions, were more heterogeneous in subsoil than in topsoil.
Translocation of clay minerals did not result in Fe isotope fractionation in the soil profile of a Luvisol.
Liming decreased Fe availability in topsoil, but did not affect its δ56Fe values.
Uptake of heavier Fe isotopes by graminaceous crops was more pronounced at elevated pH.