bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supplemental irrigation impact on yield and yield quality parameters of rapeseed
Authors: Gültaş Hüseyin T. , Ahi Yeşim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDryland winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) produced in the semi‐arid regions of Turkey has variable yields. Supplemental irrigation alleviates the adverse effects of soil moisture stress on yield during drought periods. To determine the influence of irrigation timing on yield stability, a 3‐yr, on‐farm irrigation experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplemental irrigation on rapeseed yield and yield components in a semi‐arid environment. The field experiment considered the influence of six irrigation quantities applied at three growth stages (vegetative, flowering, and early ripening) on rapeseed yield and quality. Supplemental irrigation improved rapeseed yield compared with cultivation under rainfed conditions throughout the three experimental years. Although the greatest seasonal evapotranspiration and rapeseed yields were observed with full irrigation, the highest economic rate and most efficient irrigation rate were for the optimum level to be applied at flowering. Protein content, oil content, and fatty acids increased with irrigation and were highest for the full‐irrigation treatment. Irrigation should be applied when 50% of available soil moisture has been consumed in the effective root zone at the early flowering stage. This timing enhances the water use efficiency and yield potential of rapeseed without reducing quality and could be highly beneficial for semi‐arid regions.
Patterns of variation in distylous traits and reproductive consequences inErythroxylumspecies and populations
Authors: Matias Raphael , Pérez‐Barrales Rocío , Consolaro Hélder 
Published: May 2020

PremiseDistylous species possess two floral morphs with reciprocal positioning of stigmas and anthers that is hypothesized to promote disassortative pollination. Theoretical models predict equal morph frequencies, but many populations depart from the expected 1:1 ratio, a pattern that often correlates with asymmetric mating between morphs and/or presence of a weak incompatibility system. Variation in reciprocity can also affect the likelihood of disassortative pollination and, hence, reproductive fitness.MethodsWe described variation in incompatibility systems and morph ratio in fourErythroxylumspecies to test if greater deviations from 1:1 ratios occur in populations of self‐compatible species. Using adaptive inaccuracy, we described upper and lower organ reciprocity in species and populations and assessed the relationship of reciprocity to population means and coefficients of variation for fruit set to test if reciprocity could predict female reproductive success.ResultsMorphs occurred in 1:1 ratios in most populations of threeErythroxylumspecies with distylous self‐incompatibility. In self‐compatibleE. campestrepopulations showed an excess of the long‐styled morph, the short‐styled morph, or were monomorphic for the short‐styled morph. We detected deviations from reciprocity, with total inaccuracy ranging between 9.39% and 42.94%, and inaccuracy values were lowest in low organs. Across populations, we found a positive relationship between inaccuracy and the coefficient of variation of fruit set.ConclusionsErythroxylumspecies showed variation in the distylous syndrome, with changes in the incompatibility system that corresponded with deviations from 1:1 morph ratio, and variation in reciprocity that correlated with variation in female reproductive fitness.
Peak Force Infrared–Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy
Authors: Jakob Devon S. , Wang Haomin , Zeng Guanghong , Otzen Daniel E. , Yan Yong , Xu Xiaoji G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCorrelative scanning probe microscopy of chemical identity, surface potential, and mechanical properties provide insight into the structure–function relationships of nanomaterials. However, simultaneous measurement with comparable and high resolution is a challenge. We seamlessly integrated nanoscale photothermal infrared imaging with Coulomb force detection to form peak force infrared–Kelvin probe force microscopy (PFIR‐KPFM), which enables simultaneous nanomapping of infrared absorption, surface potential, and mechanical properties with approximately 10 nm spatial resolution in a single‐pass scan. MAPbBr3 perovskite crystals of different degradation pathways were studied in situ. Nanoscale charge accumulations were observed in MAPbBr3 near the boundary to PbBr2. PFIR‐KPFM also revealed correlations between residual charges and secondary conformation in amyloid fibrils. PFIR‐KPFM is applicable to other heterogeneous materials at the nanoscale for correlative multimodal characterizations.
ZIF‐Induced d‐Band Modification in a Bimetallic Nanocatalyst: Achieving Over 44 % Efficiency in the Ambient Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Sim Howard Yi Fan , Chen Jaslyn Ru Ting , Koh Charlynn Sher Lin , Lee Hiang Kwee , Han Xuemei , Phan‐Quang Gia Chuong , Pang Jing Yi , Lay Chee Leng , Pedireddy Srikanth , Phang In Yee , Yeow Edwin Kok Lee , Ling Xing Yi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) offers a sustainable solution towards ammonia production but suffers poor reaction performance owing to preferential catalyst–H formation and the consequential hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Now, the Pt/Au electrocatalyst d‐band structure is electronically modified using zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF) to achieve a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of >44 % with high ammonia yield rate of >161 μg mgcat−1 h−1 under ambient conditions. The strategy lowers electrocatalyst d‐band position to weaken H adsorption and concurrently creates electron‐deficient sites to kinetically drive NRR by promoting catalyst–N2 interaction. The ZIF coating on the electrocatalyst doubles as a hydrophobic layer to suppress HER, further improving FE by >44‐fold compared to without ZIF (ca. 1 %). The Pt/Au‐NZIF interaction is key to enable strong N2 adsorption over H atom.
Iodination of cyclo‐E5‐Complexes (E=P, As)
Authors: Brake Helena , Peresypkina Eugenia , Virovets Alexander V. , Piesch Martin , Kremer Werner , Zimmermann Lisa , Klimas Christian , Scheer Manfred 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn a high‐yield one‐pot synthesis, the reactions of [Cp*M(η5‐P5)] (M=Fe (1), Ru (2)) with I2 resulted in the selective formation of [Cp*MP6I6]+ salts (3, 4). The products comprise unprecedented all‐cis tripodal triphosphino‐cyclotriphosphine ligands. The iodination of [Cp*Fe(η5‐As5)] (6) gave, in addition to [Fe(CH3CN)6]2+ salts of the rare [As6I8]2− (in 7) and [As4I14]2− (in 8) anions, the first di‐cationic Fe‐As triple decker complex [(Cp*Fe)2(μ,η5:5‐As5)][As6I8] (9). In contrast, the iodination of [Cp*Ru(η5‐As5)] (10) did not result in the full cleavage of the M−As bonds. Instead, a number of dinuclear complexes were obtained: [(Cp*Ru)2(μ,η5:5‐As5)][As6I8]0.5 (11) represents the first Ru‐As5 triple decker complex, thus completing the series of monocationic complexes [(CpRM)2(μ,η5:5‐E5)]+ (M=Fe, Ru; E=P, As). [(Cp*Ru)2As8I6] (12) crystallizes as a racemic mixture of both enantiomers, while [(Cp*Ru)2As4I4] (13) crystallizes as a symmetric and an asymmetric isomer and features a unique tetramer of {AsI} arsinidene units as a middle deck.
Expanding an Academic‐Service Partnership to Develop a Summer Perioperative Nursing Practicum for Baccalaureate Students
Authors: Fujihara Lauren , FitzGerald Leah 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAddressing the increasing shortage of perioperative nurses requires innovative educational strategies. A private university and a teaching hospital with an academic‐service partnership collaborated to offer an educational perioperative nursing experience to baccalaureate nursing students to increase student interest in the perioperative nursing specialty. The university offered an elective summer practicum to baccalaureate nursing students between their junior and senior years. After completing the practicum, students had the opportunity to complete their senior‐year clinical rotations in the OR. Continuous evaluation contributed to refining the design and implementation of the perioperative nursing practicum. The challenges of the program included cost, demands on staff members’ time, and timing of the practicum relative to student and hospital needs. The practicum has been offered for three summers, and a total of six students have enrolled and participated in this program.
Study on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/office waste paper fiber composites
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Li Shaoge , Xu Chong , Li Jia , Wang Zhe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnvironment friendly composites with favorable mechanical properties and low water absorption performance were successfully produced from poly(lactic acid) (PLA), office waste paper fiber (OWF), and coupling agents. The perfect sample was easily manufactured by melting–blending and injection molding. The PLA/OWF composites were comparable with other PLA/plant fiber composites, and the results indicated that the PLA/OWF composites show better performance than PLA/wheat straw fiber composites and PLA/bamboo fiber composites. On this basis, influence of modification of OWF on the properties of composites was investigated. The infrared results show that the OWF modification by different coupling agents was successful, and the scanning electron microscopy indicates that prepared composites exhibit good interfacial compatibility due to preferable binding force between fiber and matrix. With addition of 2 wt% γ‐(2,3‐propylene oxides)propyl trimethylsilane, the composite exhibits high tensile strength of 58.96 MPa, reflecting increase of 14% than the pure PLA. According to the crystallization and melting performance table, OWF can act as nucleating agent to promote the crystallization properties on composites, while the coupling agents have little effect on thermal stability. This article confirmed that the OWF has appropriate properties and is suitable for preparing composite materials and this work provides a novel idea for the utilization of office waste paper.
Prestretching effect and recovery process of polyvinyl alcohol film crosslinked with tartaric acid
Authors: Bozdoğan Altan , Aksakal Baki , Denktaş Cenk , Salt Yavuz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe tartaric acid (TA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films were prepared with various TA concentrations from 5 to 20 wt%. The crosslinking due to TA improved the tensile characteristics such as tensile strength and the Young's modulus, and thermal stability of the films. The addition of TA in PVA led to a decrease in the crystallinity. Application of prestretching or preliminary deformation resulted in significant changes in both stress–strain behavior and tensile characteristics of both pure PVA and TA/PVA composite films. Although low preextension levels such as 5% strain did not change much the tensile characteristics, higher preextension levels improved the tensile strength but decreased the extensibility of the films. The recovery processes of the stretched films consisted of a fast recovery process for which most of the recoverable elastic deformation is seen took place within almost 30 min and a time‐dependent long‐lasting recovery process continued in time very slowly, which resulted in undesirable residual deformation. It was also observed that increasing TA concentration accelerated the recovery process, hence, improved the recovery properties of PVA. The use of TA in the membrane applications can be considered to improve the mechanical properties and reusability of the membrane technology.
Peritoneal bridging versus fascial closure in laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay ventral hernia mesh repair: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ali F , Wallin G , Fathalla B , Sandblom G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Many patients develop seroma after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. It was hypothesized that leaving the hernial sac in situ may cause this complication.

Methods
In this patient- and outcome assessor-blinded, parallel-design single-centre trial, patients undergoing laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh ventral hernia repair were randomized (1 : 1) to either conventional fascial closure or peritoneal bridging. The primary endpoint was the incidence of seroma 12 months after index surgery detected by CT, evaluated in an intention-to-treat analysis.

Results
Between September 2017 and May 2018, 62 patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 25 were randomized to conventional closure and 25 to peritoneal bridging. At 3 months, one patient was lost to follow-up in the conventional and peritoneal bridging groups respectively. No seroma was detected at 6 or 12 months in either group. The prevalence of clinical seroma was four of 25 (16 (95 per cent c.i. 2 to 30) per cent) versus none of 25 patients in the conventional fascial closure and peritoneal bridging groups respectively at 1 month after surgery (P = 0·110), and two of 24 (8 (0 to 19) per cent) versus none of 25 at 3 months (P = 0·235). There were no significant differences between the groups in other postoperative complications (one of 25 versus 0 of 25), rate of recurrent hernia within 1 year (none in either group) or postoperative pain.

Conclusion
Conventional fascial closure and peritoneal bridging did not differ with regard to seroma formation after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03344575).
Alterations of local functional connectivity in lifespan: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Wen Xin , He Hui , Dong Li , Chen Junjie , Yang Jie , Guo Hao , Luo Cheng , Yao Dezhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionAs aging attracted attention globally, revealing changes in brain function across the lifespan was largely concerned. In this study, we aimed to reveal the changes of functional networks of the brain (via local functional connectivity, local FC) in lifespan and explore the mechanism underlying them.Materials and MethodsA total of 523 healthy participants (258 males and 265 females) aged 18–88 years from part of the Cambridge Center for Ageing and Neuroscience (CamCAN) were involved in this study. Next, two data‐driven measures of local FC, local functional connectivity density (lFCD) and four‐dimensional spatial‐temporal consistency of local neural activity (FOCA), were calculated, and then, general linear models were used to assess the changes of them in lifespan.ResultsLocal functional connectivity (lFCD and FOCA) within visual networks (VN), sensorimotor network (SMN), and default mode network (DMN) decreased across the lifespan, while within basal ganglia network (BGN), local connectivity was increased across the lifespan. And, the fluid intelligence decreased within BGN while increased within VN, SMN, and DMN.ConclusionThese results might suggest that the decline of executive control and intrinsic cognitive ability in the aging population was related to the decline of functional connectivity in VN, SMN, and DMN. Meanwhile, BGN might play a regulatory role in the aging process to compensate for the dysfunction of other functional systems. Our findings may provide important neuroimaging evidence for exploring the brain functional mechanism in lifespan.
A suitable and effective stepwise oxidative refolding procedure for highly‐cationic tetrameric avidin in nucleic acid free conditions
Authors: Kimura Shuichiro , Imamura Koreyoshi , Futami Junichiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOptimized conditions are needed to refold recombinant proteins from bacterial inclusion bodies into their biologically active conformations. In this study, we found two crucial requirements for efficient refolding of cationic tetrameric chicken avidin. The first step is to eliminate nucleic acid contaminants from the bacterial inclusion body. The electrostatic interactions between the remaining nucleic acids and proteins strongly enhanced protein aggregation during the refolding process. The cysteine specific reversible S‐cationization procedure was successfully employed for large‐scale preparation of nucleic acid free denatured protein without purification tag system. The second step is the intramolecular disulfide formation prior to refolding in dialysis removing denaturant. Disulfide intact monomeric avidin showed efficient formation of biologically active tetrameric conformation during the refolding process. Using this optimized refolding procedure, highly cationic avidin derivative designed as an intracellular delivery carrier of biotinylated protein was successfully prepared.
Osteoclastogenesis Modulatory Steroids from the South China Sea Gorgonian Coral Iciligorgia sp.
Authors: Xu Congcong , Li Jiao , Su Li , Tang Hua , Zhang Wen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new 9,11‐secosteroid, (22R)‐22‐acetoxy‐3β,6α,11‐trihydroxy‐9,11‐seco‐5α‐cholest‐7‐en‐9‐one, along with twelve known analogues were isolated from the South China Sea gorgonian coral Iciligorgia sp. Their structures were determined by the spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. In an in vitro test of osteoclastic differentiation, three compounds exhibited significant down‐regulating effect whereas two compounds showed significant up‐regulating effect at 0.5 and 1.0 μm. This is the first report of the chemical investigation of the gorgonian Iciligorgia sp. The acetoxy substitution at C‐22 seems to play an important role in the regulating activity.
Photochemical Approach to the Cyclohepta[b]indole Scaffold by Annulative Two‐Carbon Ring‐Expansion
Authors: Tymann Dina Christina , Benedix Lars , Iovkova Lyuba , Pallach Roman , Henke Sebastian , Tymann David , Hiersemann Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report on the implementation of the concept of a photochemically elicited two‐carbon homologation of a π‐donor–π‐acceptor substituted chromophore by triple‐bond insertion. Implementing a phenyl connector between the slide‐in module and the chromophore enabled the synthesis of cylohepta[b]indole‐type building blocks by a metal‐free annulative one‐pot two‐carbon ring expansion of the five‐membered chromophore. Post‐irradiative structural elaboration provided founding members of the indolo[2,3‐d]tropone family of compounds. Control experiments in combination with computational chemistry on this multibond reorganization process founded the basis for a mechanistic hypothesis.
Synthesis of CO‐tolerant Ni‐Pt Rhombic Dodecahedra Bimetallic Electrocatalytic Nanoparticles
Authors: Singh Gurvinder , Sunde Svein , Seland Frode 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeveloping scalable synthetic routes for fabricating low‐cost CO‐tolerant and highly active electrocatalysts have significant relevance for fuel cell applications. Here, we report a novel and rapid single step synthesis of Ni enriched bimetallic core‐shell (Ni−Pt) rhombic dodecahedra nanoparticles (NPs) via the thermal decomposition of precursor in the presence of oleylamine. Electrochemical dealloying in acidic medium (0.1 M HClO4) subjecting NPs to different potential cycles is employed to vary the chemical composition and morphologies of parent bimetallic core‐shell NPs. As a result, rhombic dodecahedra NPs transform to different morphologies such as concave, nanocage (open structure), and squeezed nanocage. Our results reveal that concave rhombic dodecahedra shaped electrocatalysts show high resistance to CO poisoning compare to core‐shell, nanocage, and squeezed nanocage morphologies as well as commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts. The improved CO tolerant of concave rhombic dodecahedra bimetallic NPs results from the presence of optimal content of Ni along with Pt content at the surface. We also demonstrate that CO tolerance of concave bimetallic NPs can be changed by electrochemical parameters such as the scan rate and CO adsorption potential. Overall, the present study presents a conceptual strategy for achieving improved CO tolerance by change in the composition and morphologies of bimetallic core‐shell NPs.
Alteration in Cross Diffusivities Governs the Nature and Dynamics of Spatiotemporal Pattern Formation
Authors: Giri Amitava , Pramod Jain Shreyans , Kar Sandip 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRealizing spatiotemporal patterns out of a chemical reaction diffusion system remains an experimental challenge owing to the difficulty in overcoming the stringent condition of diffusion driven instability. Herein, by considering the spatially extended Gray‐Scott model system, we have investigated how the cross diffusivities of the reactants involved influence the nature and dynamics of spatiotemporal patterns. Our study unravels that in absence of diffusion driven instability, spatially inhomogeneous patterns can be obtained for the Gray‐Scott model system, and unstable time dependent patterns can be stabilized just by adjusting cross diffusivities of the reactants. Interestingly, the effect of cross diffusion in presence of the diffusion driven instability can differentially alter the speed of pattern formation, and potentially modify the nature of the spatiotemporal patterns obtained under different parametric conditions. Experimental verification of our findings may allow us to observe spatiotemporal patterns beyond the regime of classical Turing instability.
Coupled Copper–Zinc Catalysts for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zeng Juqin , Rino Telemaco , Bejtka Katarzyna , Castellino Micaela , Sacco Adriano , Farkhondehfal M. Amin , Chiodoni Angelica , Drago Filippo , Pirri Candido F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA catalyst plays a key role in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to valuable chemicals and fuels. Hence, the development of efficient and inexpensive catalysts has attracted great interest from both the academic and industrial communities. In this work, low‐cost catalysts coupling Cu and Zn are designed and prepared with a green microwave‐assisted route. The Cu to Zn ratio in the catalysts can be easily tuned by adjusting the precursor solutions. The obtained Cu–Zn catalysts are mainly composed of polycrystalline Cu particles and monocrystalline ZnO nanoparticles. The electrodes with optimized Cu–Zn catalysts show enhanced CO production rates of approximately 200 μmol h−1 cm−2 with respect to those with a monometallic Cu or ZnO catalyst under the same applied potential. At the bimetallic electrodes, ZnO‐derived active sites are selective for CO formation and highly conductive Cu favors electron transport in the catalyst layer as well as charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
Modeling of Ion Agglomeration in Magnesium Electrolytes and its Impacts on Battery Performance
Authors: Drews Janina , Danner Timo , Jankowski Piotr , Vegge Tejs , García Lastra Juan Maria , Liu Runyu , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong , Fichtner Maximilian , Latz Arnulf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe choice of electrolyte has a crucial influence on the performance of rechargeable magnesium batteries. In multivalent electrolytes an agglomeration of ions to pairs or bigger clusters may affect the transport in the electrolyte and the reaction at the electrodes. In this work the formation of clusters is included in a general model for magnesium batteries. In this model, the effect of cluster formation on transport, thermodynamics and kinetics is consistently taken into account. The model is used to analyze the effect of ion clustering in magnesium tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropyloxy)borate in dimethoxyethane as electrolyte. It becomes apparent that ion agglomeration is able to explain experimentally observed phenomena at high salt concentrations.