bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver transplant in a recently COVID‐19 positive child with hepatoblastoma
Authors: Goss Matthew B. , Munoz Flor M. , Ruan Wenly , Galván N. Thao N. , O'Mahony Christine A. , Rana Abbas , Cotton Ronald T. , Moreno Nicolas F. , Heczey Andras A. , Leung Daniel H. , Goss John A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe describe the successful pediatric liver transplant for unresectable hepatoblastoma in a 4‐year‐old male with COVID‐19 prior to transplant. The first negative NP swab was documented 1 month after initial diagnosis, when SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies were also detected. The patient was actively listed for liver transplant after completing four blocks of a SIOPEL‐4 based regimen due to his PRETEXT IV disease which remained unresectable. Following three additional negative NP swabs and resolution of symptoms for 4 weeks, he underwent a whole‐organ pediatric liver transplant. COVID‐19 positivity determined via NP swab SARS‐CoV‐2 real‐time RT‐PCR (Hologic Aptima SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR assay). IgG and IgM total SARS‐ CoV‐2 antibodies detected by Ortho Clinical Diagnostics VITROS® Immunodiagnostics Products Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Test. Patient received standard prednisone and tacrolimus‐based immunosuppression without induction therapy following transplant. Post‐transplant course was remarkable for neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, with discharge home on post‐transplant day #11. Surveillance tests have remained negative with persistent SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibodies at 6 weeks after transplant. We describe one of the earliest, if not the first case of liver transplant following recent recovery from COVID‐19 in a pediatric patient with a lethal malignant liver tumor. A better understanding of how to balance the risk profile of transplant in the setting of COVID‐19 with disease progression if transplant is not performed is needed. We followed existing ASTS guidelines to document clearance of the viral infection and resolution of symptoms before transplant. This case highlights that pediatric liver transplantation can be safely performed upon clearance of COVID‐19.
Towards a new understanding of the genesis of chalk: Diagenetic origin of micarbs confirmed by clumped isotope analysis
Authors: Tagliavento Mattia , John Cédric M. , Anderskouv Kresten , Stemmerik Lars 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChalk is usually thought to be a homogeneous sediment with a relatively simple early diagenetic history. Here, clumped isotope analyses of samples from a core of Campanian Maastrichtian chalk are presented, indicating that material smaller than 5 µm has a different origin than the coccolith‐dominated coarser fraction. The smallest size fraction (1 to 5 µm) of chalk is dominated by calcite particles without a distinct morphology (micarbs). Clumped isotope data of the micarbs reveals formation temperatures of 14 to 18°C which is 8 to 10°C colder than those derived from coeval coccoliths. The micarbs are interpreted as the product of calcite neoformation, precipitated in the uppermost part of the sediment column (100 metres below sea floor) and linked to early dissolution of aragonitic fossils. These findings prove that early cements can be an abundant component in chalk, and thus challenge the common notion that chalk is always largely composed of calcareous nannofossils, and differs only in terms of minor constituents and degree of lithification.
Association of red blood cell size and physical fitness in a military male cohort: The CHIEF study
Authors: Lai Shiue‐Wei , Tsai Kun‐Zhe , Lin Yen‐Po , Liu Pang‐Yen , Lin Yu‐Kai , Chang Ping‐Ying , Dai Ming‐Shen , Chao Tsu‐Yi , Han Chih‐Lu , Lin Gen‐Min 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAnemia manifested as reduced red blood cell (RBC) amounts or hemoglobin levels has been associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness. However, the relationship of smaller RBC with physical fitness was unknown. We included 2933 non‐anemic military males (hemoglobin levels: 11.1‐15.9 g/dL and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <100 fL) in Taiwan during 2014. Aerobic fitness was assessed by time for a 3000‐meter run, and anaerobic fitness was evaluated by numbers of sit‐ups and push‐ups, each performed within 2 minutes. Multiple linear and logistic regression models adjusting for age, service specialty, lipid profiles, and hemoglobin levels were used to determine the associations. Microcytosis and normocytosis were defined as MCV ≤ 70 fL (n = 190) and MCV > 70 fL (n = 2743), respectively. The linear regression shows that as compared with microcytosis, normocytosis was associated with more numbers of sit‐ups performed within 2 minutes (β = 1.51, P‐value = 0.02). The logistic regression also reveals that those males with microcytosis had higher probability as the worst 10% performers in the 2‐minute push‐up test (odds ratio: 1.91, 95% confidence intervals: 1.18‐3.12). By contrast, there was no association of microcytosis with 3000‐meter running time. Our study suggests that non‐anemic microcytosis was associated with lower anaerobic fitness but not with aerobic fitness. Whether the causative factors for microcytosis such as iron deficiency status and thalassemia trait unavailable in the study might account for the relationship needs further investigations.
Menstrual dysfunction and body weight dissatisfaction among Finnish young athletes and non‐athletes
Authors: Ravi Suvi , Waller Benjamin , Valtonen Maarit , Villberg Jari , Vasankari Tommi , Parkkari Jari , Heinonen Olli J. , Alanko Lauri , Savonen Kai , Vanhala Marja , Selänne Harri , Kokko Sami , Kujala Urho M. 
Published: September 2020

To determine the prevalence of menstrual dysfunction (MD; ie, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea) and attitudes toward body weight among athletes and non‐athletes, we studied a cohort of athletes and non‐athletes, in adolescence (14‐16 years) and subsequently in young adulthood (18‐20 years). We further studied the differences between athletes reporting MD and eumenorrheic athletes at both time periods and identified physical and behavioral characteristics that might predict MD in young adulthood. Data were collected using questionnaires, accelerometers, and a pre‐participation screening. In adolescence, the athletes reported current primary amenorrhea more often than the non‐athletes (4.7% vs 0%, P = .03). In young adulthood, athletes reported MD more frequently than non‐athletes (38.7% vs 5.6%, P < .001). Athletes had less desire than non‐athletes to lose weight at both time points, and in adolescence, athletes were more satisfied with their weight. However, about one fifth of the athletes and about 40% of the non‐athletes experienced body weight dissatisfaction at both time points. In adolescence, athletes reporting MD had lower BMI than eumenorrheic athletes. In young adulthood, athletes with MD were more physically active than eumenorrheic athletes. The only longitudinal predictor of MD in young adulthood was MD in adolescence. Our findings indicate that MD is relatively frequent among young Finnish athletes. However, athletes appear to have a smaller tendency to experience body weight dissatisfaction than their non‐athletic peers. MD seems to track from adolescence to adulthood, suggesting that there is a need to focus on possible causes at the earliest feasible phase of an athlete's career.
Executive functioning moderates associations between shyness and pragmatic abilities
Authors: Nilsen Elizabeth S. , Silva Janel , McAuley Tara , Floto Shanan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile elevated shyness is associated with weaker pragmatic language abilities for some children, not all shy children demonstrate pragmatic challenges. Understanding the factors that may account for this variability is important as proficient pragmatic abilities have been found to protect shy children from subsequent socio‐emotional maladjustment (Coplan & Weeks, 2009). Individual differences in cognitive processes may account for why some shy children evidence difficulty in pragmatic abilities whereas others do not. In the current study, associations between shyness, executive functioning (performance‐based and parent‐reported), and pragmatic abilities (knowledge and demonstrated abilities) were examined in a community sample of 8 to 12‐year‐old children (N = 81). Consistent with past work, shyness was associated with weaker pragmatic knowledge. However, parent‐reported executive functioning moderated associations between shyness and both pragmatic knowledge and demonstrated pragmatic abilities in everyday activities. Only those shy children with weaker parent‐reported executive functioning showed difficulties in their pragmatic abilities. That is, strength in applying executive functioning in everyday settings (or less executive dysfunction) seems to buffer shy children from pragmatic challenges. We discuss our results in terms of the way children acquire pragmatic competence and the temperamental and cognitive factors that may affect such development.
Optimizing collaborative learning in online courses
Authors: de Nooijer Jascha , Schneider Francine , Verstegen Daniëlle ML 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYCurrently, higher education institutes are urged to adapt their education programmes rapidly to online courses. This toolbox article provides recommendations for optimising collaborative learning in online courses from the perspective of course design, and the roles of teachers and students, all illustrated in our example. With regards to course design, it is recommended to construct learning tasks for which students need to collaborate to reach a shared goal, use collaboration scripts to structure activities and communication, manage expectations about collaboration, provide room for discussion about the team process, facilitate autonomy and use existing communication tools. The presence of teachers online is essential, to provide feedback on the content and to guide team processes. Finally, students are recommended to get to know fellow students, to create a positive atmosphere and to reflect on the collaboration. We conclude that online collaborative learning can work well, but requires a balance between course structure and autonomy, and needs active monitoring during implementation. If this is done, it is perfectly possible to engage students and teachers, to support deep learning and to develop collaboration skills.
Empiric vs screening‐based use of isoniazid for tuberculosis prophylaxis: Safety and effectiveness in lung transplant recipients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Korayem Ghazwa B. , Alissa Dema A. , AlSuhaibani Norah I. , AlSwailem Ghaliah S. , AlShammari Monifah A. , Yaqoob Imran , Aljasser Doaa S. , Almaghrabi Reem S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a major complication following transplantation. The likelihood of TB may be increased in transplant patients living in TB‐endemic areas such as Saudi Arabia. In areas where TB is less common, guidelines recommend isoniazid (INH) for TB prophylaxis depending on patient and donor screening results. However, in TB‐endemic regions, studies have supported its use in all transplant patients regardless of TB screening results. This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of administering INH prophylaxis therapy based on the TB screening results of lung transplant (LT) recipients.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective cohort study on LT recipients. The outcomes were compared between patients who were administered screening‐based prophylaxis (SBP) with INH based on their tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) or QuantiFERON results and those who were administered empirical prophylaxis (EP) with INH regardless of TB screening results. The primary endpoint was the incidence of TB infection, and the secondary endpoints were INH‐induced hepatotoxicity and INH resistance.ResultsA total of 50 patients received SBP and 30 received EP. TB incidences were 8% and 0%, respectively (P = .0487). One of these patients had INH resistance, and one patient experienced INH‐induced hepatotoxicity (P = .1591); both were in the SBP group.ConclusionThe low rates of TB infection, INH‐induced hepatotoxicity, and INH resistance in the EP group suggest that INH prophylaxis appears to prevent TB and can be safely used in all LT recipients. However, prospective studies using large sample sizes are required to confirm these findings.
Treatment of multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative bacilli after solid organ transplant: Outcomes and complications
Authors: Heldman Madeleine R. , Guo Kexin , Nelson Brett , Babu Tenzin , Ison Michael G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfections caused by multidrug‐resistant gram‐negative bacilli (GNB) cause significant morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from all SOT recipients at a single center from 1 January 2007 to 15 April 2017 treated for infections caused by multi‐drug‐resistant GNB. This study examined the effects of specific antibiotics on nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, 30‐day mortality, and length of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit.ResultsA total of 225 infections were identified among 143 patients. Carbapenem‐sensitive organisms were present in 112 (49.8%) infections and were associated with decreased 30‐day mortality (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.16‐0.75). Neurotoxicity was associated with polymyxin use with an 8% increase in odds of neurotoxicity per day of exposure (P=.03). There was no relationship between nephrotoxicity and any individual antibiotic class. Increased hospital length‐of‐stay occurred among patients exposed to aminoglycosides (β‐statistic = 0.48 (0.23); P = .04), while there was no relationship between antibiotic class and intensive care unit (ICU) length‐of‐stay. Mortality at 30 days occurred in 37 infections (16%). Carbapenem exposure was associated with decreased 30‐day mortality (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.90‐0.98; P = .02). No other antibiotic class had a significant impact on 30‐day mortality.ConclusionsCarbapenems appear to be a safe and effective treatment for solid‐organ transplant recipients with infections caused by carbapenem‐sensitive multidrug‐resistant GNB; treatment of carbapenem‐resistant gram‐negatives remains challenging.
Bronchial anastomosis dehiscence and stenosis caused by donor‐transmitted Mycoplasma hominis infection in a lung transplant recipient: Case report and literature review
Authors: Vecchio Matteo , Koutsokera Angela , Touilloux Brice , Perentes Jean‐Yannis , Manuel Oriol , Noirez Leslie , Aubert John‐David , Lenoir Alexandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPulmonary infection by Mycoplasma hominis (M hominis) in lung transplant (LTx) recipients is an uncommon yet potentially severe complication. Bronchial dehiscence in the context of M hominis infection has not been previously reported. In this report, we discuss a case of donor‐derived M hominis infection in a LTx recipient with bilateral bronchial anastomoses dehiscence and stenosis. The infection was managed using a multidisciplinary approach: repeat surgical revision of the necrotic anastomosis; targeted antibiotic therapy with the combination of oral and inhaled fluoroquinolones, and oral doxycycline and continuous ventilatory support. Response to therapy was monitored through repeat bronchoscopy and serial quantitative PCR assays for M hominis in bronchoalveolar lavage and aspiration. The rare nature of M hominis infection after LTx, its difficult detection in conventional cultures and innate resistance to beta‐lactams make diagnosis and timely treatment of this organism challenging. We recommend that transplant centers have a low threshold for screening for Mycoplasma infection, particularly in patients with unsatisfactory postoperative course and little response to broad‐spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal coverage. Monitoring with PCR may help to adapt the duration of antibiotic therapy.
The effects of text messaging for promoting the retention of the first‐time blood donors, a randomized controlled study (TEXT study)
Authors: Pongsananurak Chontara , Norasetthada Lalita , Tantiworawit Adisak , Rattarittamrong Ekarat , Rattanathammethee Thanawat , Hantrakool Sasinee , Piriyakhuntorn Pokpong , Sriwichai Maitree , Leetrakool Nipapan , Chai‐Adisaksopha Chatree 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDonor recruiting remains a challenging process to obtain sufficient blood product supply worldwide. This was a randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of text messaging for promoting the retention of first‐time blood donors.Study Design and MethodsParticipants enrolled were 18 years of age or older who were first‐time blood donors and able to understand text messages. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio (text group vs control group). Only participants who were allocated in the “text group” received a text message once their blood product was dispatched from the transfusion service. The content of the text message was “We would like to inform you that your blood has been used for patients on the date (DD/MM/YY).” The primary outcome of the study was the rate of returning at 9 months after the first donation.ResultsIn an intention‐to‐treat analysis, 1270 participants were allocated to the text group and 1270 participants to the control group. The primary outcome occurred in 199 in the text group (22.4 per 100 donor‐years) and 152 in the control group (16.9 per 100 donor‐years). The incidence rate ratio was 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.06‐1.63; P = .005). The number needed to treat was 22. The median time to return for blood donation was 112 days (interquartile range [IQR], 98‐146) in the text group and 113 days (IQR, 97‐144) in the control group.ConclusionAmong first‐time blood donors, text messaging after blood product being dispatched is an effective and simple intervention to increase the retention rate for subsequent donations.
Characterization of 100 sequential SARS‐CoV‐2 convalescent plasma donations
Authors: Jungbauer Christof , Weseslindtner Lukas , Weidner Lisa , Gänsdorfer Simon , Farcet Maria R. , Gschaider‐Reichhart Eva , Kreil Thomas R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) convalescent plasma is a promising treatment for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases, with success of the intervention based on neutralizing antibody content. Measurement by serologic correlates without biocontainment needs as well as an understanding of donor characteristics that may allow for targeting of more potent donors would greatly facilitate effective collection.Study Design and MethodsOne hundred convalescent plasma units were characterized for functionally active SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibodies, as well as for SARS‐CoV‐2 binding antibodies, with the intention to establish a correlation between the functionally more relevant neutralization assay and the more accessible enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Donor demographics such as COVID‐19 severity, age, and sex were correlated with antibody titers.ResultsA mean neutralization titer 50% of 230 (range, <8‐1765) was seen for the 100 convalescent plasma units, with highly significant (P < .0001) yet quantitatively limited (R2 = 0.2830) correlation with results of the ELISA. Exclusion of units with particularly high titers (>500) from analysis improved correlation (R2 = 0.5386). A tendency of higher‐titer plasma units from donors with increased disease severity, of advanced age, and of male sex was seen, yet the functional relevance of this difference is questionable.ConclusionThe ELISA‐based correlation to neutralization titer enabled a threshold proposal that could be used to eliminate lower‐titer units from the clinical supply for COVID‐19 treatment. Disease severity may be associated with the development of higher titers of neutralizing antibodies, although larger case numbers will be needed for additional confirmation.
Outcomes of dogs undergoing immediate or delayed surgical treatment for gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction: A retrospective study by the Society of Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery
Authors: Maxwell Elizabeth A. , Dugat Danielle R. , Waltenburg Michelle , Upchurch David , Soto‐Elias Pedro , Duffy Daniel J. , Spector Daniel , Petrovsky Brian , Payton Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate gastrointestinal injury and outcomes between dogs treated with immediate surgical intervention vs those treated with delayed surgical intervention for gastrointestinal foreign body obstruction (GIFBO).Study designRetrospective cohort study.Sample populationClient‐owned dogs (n = 855) from five referral hospitals.MethodsMedical records of dogs in which GIFBO had been diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed for preoperative management, timing of surgery, intraoperative findings, postoperative management, outcome, and survival. Surgical intervention was classified as immediate when it occurred within 6 hours of presentation and delayed when it occurred >6 hours after presentation.ResultsOutcomes did not differ between dogs treated immediately (n = 584) or over 6 hours after presentation (n = 210). Intestinal necrosis and perforations were more common when surgery was delayed (P= .008;P= .019) but became nonsignificant after controlling for preoperative differences. Risk factors for necrosis and perforations included duration of clinical signs, increased lactate, linear foreign material, and timing of surgery. Enterectomies (P= .004) as well as the duration of surgery (P= .004) and anesthesia (P= .001) were increased when surgery was delayed. Immediate surgery was associated with earlier return to feeding (P= .004) and discharge from the hospital (P < .001); (5%) dogs in each group (n = 33 immediate; n = 11 delayed) either had a negative explore or the foreign body was milked aborally into the colon at the time of surgery.ConclusionAlthough outcomes were not associated with surgical timing, the unadjusted prevalence of gastrointestinal injury and, thus, the requirement for complex surgical procedures was higher in the delayed group.Clinical significance:Earlier surgical treatment of stabilized dogs with GIFBO may involve fewer complex procedures and accelerate recovery.
AN INTRODUCTION TO PANSPIRITISM: AN ALTERNATIVE TO MATERIALISM AND PANPSYCHISM
Authors: Taylor Steve 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article is an introduction to a philosophical approach termed “panspiritism.” The fundamental principles of this approach are summarized, with discussion of how it links to earlier (mainly Eastern) philosophical perspectives, how it differs from panpsychism and its relationship to idealism and theism. Issues such as the relationship between mind and matter, the relationship between the mind and the brain, and the emergence of mind are discussed from a “panspiritist” perspective. There is a discussion of how panspiritism relates to mystical experiences. The article concludes by suggesting that this approach can help to elucidate a wide range of phenomena that appear anomalous or problematic from a materialist point of view.
The role of muscle mechano and metaboreflexes in the control of ventilation: breathless with (over) excitement?
Authors: White Michael , Bruce Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMechanically and metabolically sensitive thin fibre (group III and IV) muscle afferents are activated during exercise, causing reflex cardiovascular responses that are essential to normal cardiovascular control. Impaired exercise performance in some disease states can be linked to abnormal muscle mechanoreflex and muscle metaboreflex activity. A role for this same afferent feedback in contributing to the hyperpnoea of exercise and the dyspnoea experienced by some patient groups on exercise has recently received increased attention. Evidence is summarised here that supports a role for muscle mechanoreflex and muscle metaboreflex involvement in the human ventilatory response to exercise and also their synergistic interaction with the central chemoreflex during muscular activity. The effects of local muscle training induced attenuation of the human muscle metaboreflex on this synergistic interaction and associated decrease in ventilation is discussed.