bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Crisis Management and its Relationship to Developing Performance of the Palestinian Satellite Channels
Authors: Hammash Shehab , Terban Majed 
Published: December 2020

This study aims at identifying technical crisis management and its relationship to developing performance of the Palestinian Satellite Channels and Local channels. The study used the descriptive analytical method, and the population of the study was selected from the TV channel employees that occupy the supervisory jobs and their number was (62). The researcher used complete census style, and handed out a (62) questionnaire, (62) of them where given back, the response rate of 100%. The results showed that the relative mean of the whole technical crises management field is of (57.07%).This means that there is a relative agreement by the study sample individuals. In addition, the relative average of the whole performance development dimensions was (60.24%) and this means that there is a medium agreement on performance development dimensions. Furthermore, the study concluded that the dimensions of the technical crises management have positive effect and statistical significant relationship at the level of (%0.05) on performance development.
“When I Am No Longer in Control of the Performing Rights”: Staging and Reception of Saint Joan at the Abbey Theatre during the Celtic Tiger Years
Authors: Ruane Aileen R. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT:
This article examines Patrick Mason's 1998 production of Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, via its digital archives collection at the National University of Ireland, Galway. As a symbol appropriated for various causes, Joan's legacy remains pertinent for the analysis of performative responses to Shaw's portrayal of her life, execution, and “rehabilitation.” Considering the playtext alongside paratextual materials, such as the preface, in light of the mise-en-scène raises the following questions: How can contemporary theater directors and dramaturges honor Shaw's proviso that his play be performed in accordance with his didactic vision while also welcoming their own particular contexts and artistic aims? Is it possible to adhere to all of Shaw's intentions regarding his play? In this way, Mason's production's intersections with and divergences from the source text can serve to elucidate Saint Joan's legacy of performance in Ireland and internationally.
Shaw's Legacy at the National Gallery of Ireland
Authors: Rainbird Sean 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT:
This year, 2020, is a time to celebrate the exceptional benefaction of George Bernard Shaw to the National Gallery of Ireland. For seventy years the Gallery has enjoyed the fruits of his enduring success. This is based upon his writings, the multiple performances of his plays, and in particular the success of My Fair Lady. In his will he assigned one-third of his royalties to the Gallery after his death in 1950. The other part is split evenly between RADA and the British Museum in the United Kingdom. This year is, of course, also a year to lament. The period of copyright lapses and no more royalties will come our way. Even sadder, for the first time ever there were no payments this summer, as the pandemic closed theaters across the world. This piece explores Shaw's magnificent contribution to the Gallery and encourages philanthropy to cultural institutions.
An individual-tree linear mixed-effects model for predicting the basal area increment of major forest species in Southern Europe
Authors: Di Cosmo Lucio , Giuliani Diego , Dickson Maria Michela , Gasparini Patrizia 
Published: December 2020

Aims of the study. Assessment of growth is essential to support sustainability of forest management and forest policies. The objective of the study was to develop a species-specific model to predict the annual increment of tree basal area through variables recorded by forest surveys, to assess forest growth directly or in the context of more complex forest growth and yield simulation models.Area of the study. Italy.Material and methods. Data on 34638 trees of 31 different forest species collected in 5162 plots of the Italian National Forest Inventory were used; the data were recorded between 2004 and 2006. To account for the hierarchical structure of the data due to trees nested within plots, a two-level mixed-effects modelling approach was used.Main results. The final result is an individual-tree linear mixed-effects model with species as dummy variables. Tree size is the main predictor, but the model also integrates geographical and topographic predictors and includes competition. The model fitting is good (McFadden’s Pseudo-R2 0.536), and the variance of the random effect at the plot level is significant (intra-class correlation coefficient 0.512). Compared to the ordinary least squares regression, the mixed-effects model allowed reducing the mean absolute error of estimates in the plots by 64.5% in average.Research highlights. A single tree-level model for predicting the basal area increment of different species was developed using forest inventory data. The data used for the modelling cover 31 species and a great variety of growing conditions, and the model seems suitable to be applied in the wider context of Southern Europe. Keywords: Tree growth; forest growth modelling; forest inventory; hierarchical data structure; Italy.Abbreviations used: BA - basal area; BAI – five-year periodic basal area increment; BALT - basal area of trees larger than the subject tree; BASPratio - ratio of subject tree species basal area to stand basal area; BASTratio - ratio of subject tree basal area to stand basal area; CRATIO - crown ratio; DBH – diameter at breast height ; DBH0– diameter at breast height corresponding to five years before the survey year; DBHt– diameter at breast height measured in the survey year; DI5 - five-year, inside bark, DBH increment; HDOM - dominant height; LULUCF - Land Use, Land Use Changes and Forestry; ME - mean error; MAE - mean absolute error; MPD - mean percent deviation; MPSE - mean percent standard error; NFI(s) - National Forest Inventory/ies; OLS - ordinary least squares regression; RMSE - root mean squared error; UNFCCC - United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Long-Term Variability in Immunofluorescence Titer of Antibodies to Nuclear Antigens Observed in Clinical Laboratory Proficiency Testing Surveys
Authors: Wener Mark H. , Fink Susan , Bashleben Christine , Sindelar Stephanie , Linden Michael A. 
Published: December 2020

Context.—
Presence of antibodies to nuclear antigens (ANAs) above a threshold titer is an important diagnostic feature of several autoimmune diseases, yet titers reported vary between laboratories. Proficiency survey results can help clarify factors contributing to the variability.

Objective.—
To determine the contribution of HEp-2 ANA kits from different manufacturers to the variation in titers, and assess whether the differences between kits are consistent over the long term.

Design.—
HEp-2 ANA titers reported by laboratories participating in the external quality assessment proficiency testing surveys conducted by the College of American Pathologists between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed. The ANA titers reported for each specimen were ranked according to the kits being used by testing laboratories, and the statistical significance of the differences was determined.

Results.—
The ANA titer results were strongly influenced by the HEp-2 ANA kit used (P &lt; .001). During the 11 years studied, the rank order of the ANA titer for each kit relative to the other kits was remarkably consistent. The rank of ANA titer for individual ANA patterns observed for each kit was similar to the overall rank of that kit.

Conclusions.—
Variability in ANA titers was strongly associated with the kits used, and the differences between kits were quite consistent during the 11 years studied. Because the variability is not random, it has the potential to be managed by harmonizing kits, which could lead to improved consistency in reporting ANA titers.
CircATRNL1 activates Smad4 signaling to inhibit angiogenesis and ovarian cancer metastasis via miR‐378
Authors: Wang Juan , Li Yan , Zhou Jin‐Hua , Shen Fang‐Rong , Shi Xiu , Chen You‐Guo 
Published: December 2020

Ovarian cancer is one of the most frequent carcinomas in females, and the occurrence rate is still rising despite many advances made. The pathogenesis of ovarian cancer remains greatly unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of ovarian cancer, with the focus on circATRNL1. Human ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines were used to examine levels of circATRNL1, miR‐378, Smad4, AKT, and other proliferation‐related and migration‐related proteins. Cellular assays were used to determine cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. We validated the interactions of circATRNL1/miR‐378 and miR‐378/Smad4, and a mouse tumor xenograft model was employed to assess the effect of circATRNL1 on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. We found that circATRNL1 was decreased while miR‐378 was increased in human ovarian cancer tissues and cells. circATRNL1 bound to miR‐378 while miR‐378 directly targeted Smad4. Overexpression of circATRNL1 or knockdown of miR‐378 suppressed angiogenesis and ovarian cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration via decreasing proliferation‐ and migration‐related proteins via miR‐378 or Smad4, respectively. Overexpression of circATRNL1 restrained ovarian cancer growth and abdominal metastasis in vivo. Our findings indicate that circATRNL1 acts as a miR‐378 sponge to active Smad4 signaling and suppresses angiogenesis and ovarian cancer metastasis.
A cluster RCT to improve workplace mental health in a policing context: Findings of a mixed‐methods implementation evaluation
Authors: LaMontagne Anthony D. , Martin Angela J. , Page Kathryn M. , Papas Alicia , Reavley Nicola J. , Noblet Andrew J. , Milner Allison J. , Keegel Tessa , Allisey Amanda , Witt Katrina , Smith Peter M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a cluster randomized trial of a workplace mental health intervention in an Australian police department. The intervention was co‐designed and co‐implemented with the police department. Intervention elements included tailored mental health literacy training for all members of participating police stations, and a leadership development and coaching program for station leaders. This study presents the results of a mixed‐methods implementation evaluation of the trial.MethodsDescriptive quantitative analyses characterized the extent of participation in intervention activities, complemented by a qualitative descriptive analysis of transcripts of 60 semistructured interviews with 53 persons and research team field notes.ResultsParticipation rates in the multicomponent leadership development activities were highly variable, ranging from <10% to approximately 60% across stations. Approximately 50% of leaders and <50% of troops completed the mental health literacy training component of the intervention. Barriers to implementation included rostering challenges, high staff turnover and changes, competing work commitments, staff shortages, limited internal personnel resources to deliver the mental health literacy training, organizational cynicism, confidentiality concerns, and limited communication about the intervention by station command or station champions. Facilitators of participation were also identified, including perceived need for and benefits of the intervention, engagement at various levels, the research team's ability to create buy‐in and manage stakeholder relationships, and the use of external, credible leadership development coaches.ConclusionsImplementation fell far short of expectations. The identified barriers and facilitators should be considered in the design and implementation of similar workplace mental health interventions.
Understanding racism in physical (biological) anthropology
Authors: Blakey Michael L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe mainstream of American physical anthropology began as racist and eugenical science that defended slavery, restricted “non‐Nordic” immigration, and justified Jim Crow segregation. After World War II, the field became more anti‐racial than anti‐racist. It has continued as a study of natural influences on human variation and thus continues to evade the social histories of inequitable biological variation. Also reflecting its occupancy of white space, biological anthropology continues to deny its own racist history and marginalizes the contributions of Blacks. Critical disciplinary history and a shift toward biocultural studies might begin an anti‐racist human biology.
Dodecameric Anion‐Sealed Capsules based on Pyrogallol[5]arenes and Resorcin[5]arenes
Authors: Chwastek Monika , Cmoch Piotr , Szumna Agnieszka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe paper reports formation of exceptionally large capsular species (diameter of c. a. 30 Å) by interactions of polyphenolic macrocycles with 5‐fold symmetry with anions. Pyrogallol[5]arenes and resorcin[5]arenes interact with anions via hydrogen bonds involving phenolic OH groups or aromatic CH groups. Based on NMR titration experiments, diffusion coefficients, and geometric requirements, it is postulated that the capsules have (P5H)12(X−)60 or (R5H)12(X−)60 stoichiometry and a unique geometry of one of the Platonic solids—a dodecahedron. The capsules exist in THF and in benzene, but not in chloroform, reflecting competitive effects in the solvation of anions. It is also demonstrated that mechanochemical pre‐treatment (dry‐milling) of solid samples is indispensable to initialize self‐assembly in benzene.
Unveiling the In Situ Dissolution and Polymerization of Mo in Ni4Mo Alloy for Promoting the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Du Wei , Shi Yanmei , Zhou Wei , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNiMo alloys are efficient electrocatalysts in alkaline water electrolyzer for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Metals are usually considered to be stable during the cathodic process. However, the actual behaviors of Mo in the NiMo alloys are unexplored. Here, we present the instability of Mo in the Ni4Mo alloy as a highly efficient HER electrocatalyst in an alkaline medium. Mo in Ni4Mo is oxidized and dissolved in the form of MoO42− first. The dissolved MoO42− will re‐adsorb on the electrode surface and polymerize. Theoretical calculations indicate that the adsorption of the dimer Mo2O72− can promote the HER activity of metal Ni. The addition of MoO42− to the electrolyte can not only repair the durability of Ni4Mo alloy, but also facilitate the HER activity of pure metal of Ni, Fe, and Co. Our findings provide insight into the structural transformation mechanism and performance‐enhanced origin of cathodic materials under the reaction conditions.
Metallfreie, elektrochemische Synthese von Sulfonamiden direkt aus (Hetero)arenen, SO2 und Aminen
Authors: Blum Stephan P. , Karakaya Tarik , Schollmeyer Dieter , Klapars Artis , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSulfonamide gehören zu den wichtigsten funktionellen Gruppen in Pharmazeutika und Agrochemikalien. Es gibt jedoch keine Methode, um die Sulfonamidgruppe direkt in eine nicht vorfunktionalisierte aromatische Verbindung einzuführen. Wir stellen hier das erste dehydrierende elektrochemische Verfahren zur Synthese von Sulfonamiden vor, indem die inhärente Reaktivität von (Hetero)arenen in einer hochkonvergenten Reaktion mit SO2 und Aminen über ein Amidosulfinat‐Zwischenprodukt genutzt wird. Das Amidosulfinat fungiert in einer Doppelrolle als Reaktant und Leitsalz. Die direkte anodische Oxidation der aromatischen Verbindung initiiert die Umsetzung, gefolgt von einem nukleophilen Angriff des Amidosulfinats. Bordotierter‐Diamant (BDD)‐Elektroden und ein HFIP/MeCN‐Lösungsmittelgemisch ermöglichen die selektive Bildung der Sulfonamide. Insgesamt werden 36 Beispiele mit Ausbeuten von bis zu 85 % aufgeführt.
Application of flying jet plasma for amelioration of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane properties towards enhanced membrane distillation
Authors: Abdul‐Majeed Wameath S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study explored the feasibility of applying sequential argon‐CF4 plasmas treatment as a featured approach towards enhancement of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane structure and surface topography for application in membrane distillation (MD). Systematic procedures were conducted to synthesize membranes of different combinations composed mainly from PVDF and assisted by addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at different percentages. Upon casting four classes of the membranes, the analysis results via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), as well as the contact angle measurements have shown that the membrane surface topography was mediated in terms of appearance of clear bumps on the surface. Upon implementing the sequential treatment cycles for several durations, the surface topography has considerably changed at the end of argon treatment cycle in terms of appearance of pores at small size. Further changes on the surface topography were detected at the end of CF4 treatment cycle elucidated by increase in the pore size and uniform distribution of the pores along the examined membranes. The function of the sequential plasma treatment was become certain upon implementing MD experiments for dilute solution of ethanol/water, in which higher permeation water flux and permeate separation index were observed for membranes of higher PVP content and sequentially treated for 6 min.
How do multilingual users search? An investigation of query and result list language choices
Authors: Steichen Ben , Lowe Ryan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany users of search systems are multilingual, that is, they are proficient in two or more languages. In order to better understand and support the language preferences and behaviors of such multilingual users, this paper presents a series of five large‐scale studies that specifically elicit language choices regarding search queries and result lists. Overall, the results from the studies indicate that users frequently make use of different languages (i.e., not just their primary language), especially when they are provided with choices (e.g., when provided with a secondary language query or result list choice). In particular, when presented with a mixed‐language list choice, participants choose this option to an almost equal extent compared to primary‐language‐only lists. Important factors leading to language choices are user‐, task‐ and system‐related, including proficiency, task topic, and result layout. Moreover, participants' subjective reasons for making particular choices indicate that their primary language is considered more comfortable, that the secondary language often has more relevant and trustworthy results, and that mixed‐language lists provide a better overview. These results provide crucial insights into multilingual user preferences and behaviors, and may help in the design of systems that can better support the querying and result exploration of multilingual users.
Nature of Alkali‐ and Coinage‐Metal Bonds versus Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Larrañaga Olatz , Arrieta Ana , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , de Cózar Abel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe have quantum chemically studied the structure and nature of alkali‐ and coinage‐metal bonds (M‐bonds) versus that of hydrogen bonds between A−M and B−in archetypal [A−M⋅⋅⋅B]−model systems (A, B=F, Cl and M=H, Li, Na, Cu, Ag, Au), using relativistic density functional theory at ZORA‐BP86‐D3/TZ2P. We find that coinage‐metal bonds are stronger than alkali‐metal bonds which are stronger than the corresponding hydrogen bonds. Our main purpose is to understand how and why the structure, stability and nature of such bonds are affected if the monovalent central atom H of hydrogen bonds is replaced by an isoelectronic alkali‐ or coinage‐metal atom. To this end, we have analyzed the bonds between A−M and B−using the activation strain model, quantitative Kohn‐Sham molecular orbital (MO) theory, energy decomposition analysis (EDA), and Voronoi deformation density (VDD) analysis of the charge distribution.
Hybrid robust output tracker design for sampled‐data systems using digital redesign of sliding mode control
Authors: Fang Jiunn‐Shiou , Tsai Jason Sheng‐Hong , Yan Jun‐Juh , Huang Chiao‐Hsin , Guo Shu‐Mei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper is mainly concerned with the design of a hybrid robust output tracker for a class of systems with a direct feed‐through term and bounded matched nonlinear disturbances. First, we present a continuous‐time linear quadratic analog tracker (LQAT) based on sliding mode control (SMC), and the existence of sliding manifold is guaranteed with the proposed controller in the continuous‐time domain. After designing the continuous‐time SMC‐based tracker, a digital redesign approach using Euler's approximation method is newly proposed to directly obtain a discrete‐time SMC‐based tracker from the continuous‐time SMC‐based tracker, and the hitting condition is also satisfied such that the existence of sliding manifold is guaranteed in the hybrid controlled systems. Therefore, the output tracking performance with the proposed discrete‐time SMC‐based tracker can be also satisfied as the continuous‐time SMC‐based tracker. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the success of the proposed digital‐redesign‐based SMC algorithm.
Fear Potentiated Startle in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Association With Anxiety Symptoms and Amygdala Volume
Authors: Hessl David , Libero Lauren , Schneider Andrea , Kerns Connor , Winder‐Patel Breanna , Heath Brianna , Lee Joshua , Coleman Cory , Sharma Natasha , Solomon Marjorie , Nordahl Christine Wu , Amaral David G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAtypical responses to fearful stimuli and the presence of various forms of anxiety are commonly seen in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The fear potentiated startle paradigm (FPS), which has been studied both in relation to anxiety and as a probe for amygdala function, was carried out in 97 children aged 9–14 years including 48 (12 female) with ASD and 49 (14 female) with typical development (TD). In addition, exploratory analyses were conducted examining the association between FPS and amygdala volume as assessed with magnetic resonance imaging in a subset of the children with ASD with or without an anxiety disorder with available MRI data. While the startle latency was increased in the children with ASD, there was no group difference in FPS. FPS was not significantly associated with traditional Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) or “autism distinct” forms of anxiety. Within the autism group, FPS was negatively correlated with amygdala volume. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the association between FPS and anxiety severity was significantly moderated by the size of the amygdala, such that the association between FPS and anxiety was significantly more positive in children with larger amygdalas than smaller amygdalas. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of emotional reactivity associated with ASD and the difficulties in establishing biologically meaningful probes of altered brain function.Lay summaryMany children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have additional problems such as anxiety that can greatly impact their lives. How these co‐occurring symptoms develop is not well understood. We studied the amygdala, a region of the brain critical for processing fear and a laboratory method called fear potentiated startle for measuring fear conditioning, in children with ASD (with and without an anxiety disorder) and typically developing children. Results showed that the connection between fear conditioning and anxiety is dependent on the size of the amygdala in children with ASD.