bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Conditioning of Hatchery-Reared Razorback Sucker Increases Apparent Survival in the Wild
Authors: Franssen Nathan R. , Durst Scott L. , Gilbert Eliza I. , Knight William K. , Ulibarri Manuel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hatchery augmentation of dwindling wild populations has become a common strategy to avoid extinction of endangered fishes. While benign hatchery conditions can lead to low persistence of stocked individuals, experiments have demonstrated that flow conditioning of Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus can increase swimming performance and reduce downstream movements from desired locations after stocking in the Colorado River basin, USA. However, managers have been slow to adopt its use, likely because linking experimental flow conditioning to scales that are relevant to conservation has been difficult. We reared age-2 Razorback Sucker in two raceways (control: n = 530; flow conditioning: n = 533) for 10 weeks to assess whether flow conditioning could increase apparent survival after stocking into the San Juan River, New Mexico. We used riverwide active sampling and remote PIT tag antennas to resample individuals for 3 years after stocking. Using Cormack–Jolly–Seber mark–recapture models, we assessed the effects of flow conditioning, size at stocking, relative condition (Fulton’s K), and their interactions on apparent survival and downstream movement after stocking. Flow conditioning of fish doubled the mean apparent survival (at a mean size of 325 mm TL) during the first overwinter period (control fish: 0.14, 95% CI = 0.09–0.21; flow-conditioned fish: 0.28, 95% CI = 0.19–0.38), with both groups having similar mean overwinter apparent survival estimates thereafter (both &gt; 0.75). Size at stocking and K were positively associated with first-overwinter apparent survival regardless of treatment (mean survival was &lt;0.20 for fish &lt;275 mm TL but was &gt;0.65 for fish &gt;450 mm TL). Downstream movement after stocking was negatively associated with fish size, indicating that emigration likely contributed to higher apparent mortality of smaller fish. Our results suggest that transitioning hatchery practices to include flow conditioning of Razorback Sucker (and potentially other endangered Colorado River fishes) prior to stocking could substantially increase the conservation efficiency of these augmentation programs.
Transitioning From Nasogastric Feeding Tube to Gastrostomy Tube in Pediatric Patients: A Survey on Decision‐Making and Practice
Authors: Abdelhadi Ruba A. , Rempel Gina , Sevilla Wednesday , Turner Justine M. , Quet Julie , Nelson Audra , Rahe Katina , Wilhelm Rebecca , Larocque Julie , Guenter Peggi ,   ASPEN Enteral Nutrition Task Force Pediatric Work Group
Published: December 2020

BackgroundTube feeding via nasogastric tubes (NGTs) and gastrostomy tubes (GTs) is a common practice for children unable to meet their nutrition needs by oral feeding alone. There is currently a lack of evidence‐based guidance specific for the process of transitioning from an NGT to GT as a longer‐term enteral access device. Uncertainty in the literature about feeding tube choices, practices, and transitions requires clinicians to draw on incomplete and sometimes conflicting evidence, personal experience, economic realities, and compassion to deliver supportive child‐centered care.MethodsThe ASPEN Enteral Nutrition Task Force Pediatric Work Group designed a survey to explore current practice of enteral access device safety and use among pediatric clinicians practicing in the US and Canada. The survey aimed to define time frames, parameters, and decision points to guide clinicians and families in the transition from NG to GT feeding.Results258 clinicians, 55% practicing in an inpatient setting, 17% in‐home patient setting, and 28% practicing in both inpatient and outpatient setting. 22% were physicians, 42% were dietitians, 32% were nurses or advanced practice nurses, 2% were pharmacists. The most common feeding tubes used were NGTs followed by GTs. Majority of respondents indicated that they did not have a specific timeline for when an NGT should be changed to a GT. Highest ranked patient factors or clinical considerations prior to recommending changing from an NGT to a GT were exceeding the duration for temporary feeding or the need for an extended duration of tube feeding. Highest physician barriers to GT placement were the reluctance for referral from primary care doctors for GT placement. Majority of respondents reported the use of NGTs for enteral access at home and that parents were taught how to place the NGTs for home use but without consistently being taught the use of pH paper to verify NGT tip location or being provided with the pH paper to perform this task at home.ConclusionsThis survey is the first step to address the knowledge gap surrounding feeding tube choices by ascertaining the current standard of practice regarding enteral access devices and appropriate timing of transitioning from NGT to GT feeding. The results highlight current practice variability and concerns. Information from the survey was used to formulate a decision tree to guide the transition of NGT to GT feeding that nutrition support professionals can use to advocate for best practices in their hospital and community settings.
Combination of hydroxyurea and tranilast suppresses gemcitabine resistance induced by ribonucleotide reductase M1 in gemcitabine‐resistant cells
Authors: Shinagawa Noriho , Minami Kentaro , Ishida Takayuki , Hijioka Hiroshi , Yamamoto Masatatsu , Kawahara Kohichi , Furukawa Tatsuhiko , Nakamura Norifumi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionGemcitabine (GEM; 2′,2′‐difluorodeoxycytidine) is widely used to treat pancreatic, biliary tract, non‐small cell lung, bladder, mammary, and ovarian cancers. Chemoradiotherapy with GEM is a promising treatment for patients with advanced and locally recurrent head and neck cancers, including those with oral cavity cancer. However, the development of GEM resistance limits its use for curative treatment. Overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) M1 is a major cause of GEM resistance. We previously established RRM1‐mediated GEM‐resistant cell lines (MGEM6 and MGEM8) and showed that the knockdown of RRM1 is a rationale strategy for overcoming GEM resistance. We further investigated the role of RR inhibition in enhancing the effects of GEM.Materials and methodsWe examined whether the combination treatment of hydroxyurea (HU), 3‐aminopyridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3‐AP), and tranilast (TRL) could increase GEM sensitivity using the survival assay of MGEM6, MGEM8, and their parental cells. The effects of these compounds on the expression of RRM1 and RRM2 mRNA and protein were evaluated in the three cell lines by quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and immunoblotting.ResultsHU or/and TRL at nontoxic concentrations significantly improved the response of resistant cancer cells to GEM, whereas 3‐AP did not. This may have been because the two agents reduced the ratio of RRM1/RRM2. The three compounds have different effects on the mRNA and protein expression of RRM1 and RRM2.ConclusionsThe combination of HU and/or TRL with GEM enhances the toxic effect in gemcitabine‐resistant cells induced by RRM1.
Safe Fabrication and Characterization of NC/CL‐20/CnMs Nanoenergetic Composite Materials via Modified Sol‐Gel
Authors: Chen Ling , Wang Yingbo , Fu You , Liu Jie , He Wei‐dong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, nitrocellulose/hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane/carbon nanomaterials (NC/CL‐20/CnMs) nanoenergetic composite materials are synthesized by combining sol‐gel and vacuum freeze‐drying technology, wherein NC is chosen as the gel matrix to load CL‐20 particles and CnMs. The results indicate that the CL‐20 and CnMs are imbedded and homogeneously dispersed in the monolithic gel of NC matrix, and the polymorph of CL‐20 maintains the optimal ϵ form during the fabrication process. The thermal results reveal that the onset temperature and exothermic temperature are visibly advanced compared with physical mixing and CL‐20. In addition, the activation energy (Ea) of composites has also been calculated and exhibits lower Ea (110 kJ mol−1<) than that of raw materials (NC: 299.13 kJ mol−1, CL‐20: 157.93 kJ mol−1). Finally, the impact and frication sensitivities have been tested and present inspirational results that sensitivity is decreased greatly owning to buffer function of the monolithic gel of NC matrix. This fabrication strategy and conclusions will provide promising application for NC/CL‐20/CnMs used in propellants.
Synthesis, Structures and Properties of Two Ln(III) Coordination Polymers based on Pyrimidine‐2‐carboxylic Acid and Sodium Dicyanamide
Authors: Xia Jun , Wang Chen‐Han 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAssemblies of pyrimidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (Hpmc) and samarium nitrate or europium nitrate in the presence of sodium dicyanamide (Na‐dca) under ambient conditions yielded two new coordination polymers, namely [Ln(pmc)2(dca)(H2O)2]n (Ln=Sm (1), Eu (2)). The complexes were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, IR and fluorescence spectra. Structure analysis shows two complexes are isostructural with monoclinic (C2/c) symmetry. And each central metal atom is coordinated by three chelate pmc−, one terminal dca− and two water molecules to generate an infinite zigzag chain. Through Owater−H ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Ocarboxylate, Owater−H ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Npyrimidine hydrogen bonds, the chains are connected to a two‐dimensional net, which is furtherly extended to a three‐dimensional supramolecular structure by Owater−H ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ Ncyano hydrogen bonds. Luminescent measurement of complex 2 shows the characteristic fluorescence of Eu3+.
Solitary oscillations and multiple antikink-kink pairs in the double sine-Gordon model
Authors: Simas Fabiano C. , Lima Fred C. , Nobrega K. Z. , Gomes Adalto R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study kink-antikink collisions in a particular case of the double sine-Gordon model depending on only one parameter r. The scattering process of large kink-antikink shows the changing of the topological sector. For some parameter intervals we observed two connected effects: the production of multiple antikink-kink pairs and up to three solitary oscillations. The scattering process for small kink-antikink has several possibilities: the changing of the topological sector, one-bounce collision, two-bounce collision, or formation of a bion state. In particular, we observed for small values of rand velocities, the formation of false two-bounce windows and the suppression of true two-bounce windows, despite the presence of an internal shape mode.
Revenge and forgiveness after victimization: psychometric evaluation of a Dutch version of the TRIM intended for victims and offenders
Authors: Gerlsma Coby , Lugtmeyer Valerie , Van Denderen Mariëtte , De Keijser Jos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Transgression Related Interpersonal Motivations (TRIM) scale measures revenge, avoidance, and benevolence in response to social transgressions that, typically, comprise acts of indirect aggression. We tailored the TRIM for use in forensic psychiatric and victimological settings by slightly altering the instruction to include transgressions that comprise direct as well as indirect aggression. In this study, we examined the factor structure and psychometric qualities of this adapted Dutch version of the TRIM. Data was collected in adolescents from three different educational levels (N = 455) and in (ex)detainees (N = 65). Three unambiguous and internally consistent factors corroborated a priori conceptualizations. Associations with social desirability, dispositional anger, dispositional vengeance, accomplished revenge, and accomplished forgiveness supported construct validity. Mean scores from (ex)detainees did not differ from the student participants, although the former reported more incidents of physical and sexual violence. Hence, the TRIM appears useful as an aid in risk assessment of known offenders, threat assessment of as yet unknown offenders, and efforts to support victims of violence.
A sequential approach to the convolution of Roumieu ultradistributions
Authors: Mincheva-Kamińska Svetlana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe consider several general sequential conditions for convolvability of two Roumieu ultradistributions on $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

in the space $${\mathcal {D}}'^{\{M_p\}}$$

D

′
{

M
p

}

and prove that they are equivalent to the convolvability of these ultradistributions in the sense of Pilipović and Prangoski. The discussed conditions, based on two classes $${{\mathbb {U}}}^{\{M_p\}}$$

U

{

M
p

}

and $$\overline{{\mathbb {U}}}^{\{M_p\}}$$

U
¯

{

M
p

}

of approximate units and corresponding sequential conditions of integrability of Roumieu ultradistributions, are analogous to the known convolvability conditions in the space $${\mathcal {D}}'$$

D

′

of distributions and in the space $${\mathcal {D}}'^{(M_p)}$$

D

′
(

M
p

)

of ultradistributions of Beurling type. Moreover, the following property of the convolution and ultradifferential operator P(D) of class $$\{M_p\}$$

{

M
p

}

is proved: if $$S, T \in \mathcal{D}'^{\{M_{p }\}}({\mathbb {R}}^d)$$

S
,
T
∈

D

′
{

M
p

}

(

R

d

)

are convolvable, then $$\begin{aligned} P(D)(S*T) = (P(D)S)*T = S*(P(D)T). \end{aligned}$$

P
(
D
)
(
S

∗
T
)
=
(
P
(
D
)
S
)

∗
T
=
S

∗
(
P
(
D
)
T
)
.
Genotype–environment correlation by intervention effects underlying middle childhood peer rejection and associations with adolescent marijuana use
Authors: Elam Kit K. , Clifford Sierra , Ruof Ariana , Shaw Daniel S. , Wilson Melvin N. , Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAggressive behavior in middle childhood can contribute to peer rejection, subsequently increasing risk for substance use in adolescence. However, the quality of peer relationships a child experiences can be associated with his or her genetic predisposition, a genotype–environment correlation (rGE). In addition, recent evidence indicates that psychosocial preventive interventions can buffer genetic predispositions for negative behavior. The current study examined associations between polygenic risk for aggression, aggressive behavior, and peer rejection from 8.5 to 10.5 years, and the subsequent influence of peer rejection on marijuana use in adolescence (n = 515; 256 control, 259 intervention). Associations were examined separately in control and intervention groups for children of families who participated in a randomized controlled trial of the family-based preventive intervention, the Family Check-Up . Using time-varying effect modeling (TVEM), polygenic risk for aggression was associated with peer rejection from approximately age 8.50 to 9.50 in the control group but no associations were present in the intervention group. Subsequent analyses showed peer rejection mediated the association between polygenic risk for aggression and adolescent marijuana use in the control group. The role of rGEs in middle childhood peer processes and implications for preventive intervention programs for adolescent substance use are discussed.
Dirac-vortex topological photonic crystal fibre
Authors: Lin Hao , Lu Ling 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe success of photonic crystal fibres relies largely on the endless variety of two-dimensional photonic crystals in the cross-section. Here, we propose a topological bandgap fibre whose bandgaps along in-plane directions are opened by generalised Kekulé modulation of a Dirac lattice with a vortex phase. Then, the existence of mid-gap defect modes is guaranteed to guide light at the core of this Dirac-vortex fibre, where the number of guiding modes equals the winding number of the spatial vortex. The single-vortex design provides a single-polarisation single-mode for a bandwidth as large as one octave.
Bivalent antibody pliers inhibit β-tryptase by an allosteric mechanism dependent on the IgG hinge
Authors: Maun Henry R. , Vij Rajesh , Walters Benjamin T. , Morando Ashley , Jackman Janet K. , Wu Ping , Estevez Alberto , Chen Xiaocheng , Franke Yvonne , Lipari Michael T. , Dennis Mark S. , Kirchhofer Daniel , Ciferri Claudio , Loyet Kelly M. , Yi Tangsheng , Eigenbrot Charles , Lazarus Robert A. , Koerber James T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman β-tryptase, a tetrameric trypsin-like serine protease, is an important mediator of allergic inflammatory responses in asthma. Antibodies generally inhibit proteases by blocking substrate access by binding to active sites or exosites or by allosteric modulation. The bivalency of IgG antibodies can increase potency via avidity, but has never been described as essential for activity. Here we report an inhibitory anti-tryptase IgG antibody with a bivalency-driven mechanism of action. Using biochemical and structural data, we determine that four Fabs simultaneously occupy four exosites on the β-tryptase tetramer, inducing allosteric changes at the small interface. In the presence of heparin, the monovalent Fab shows essentially no inhibition, whereas the bivalent IgG fully inhibits β-tryptase activity in a hinge-dependent manner. Our results suggest a model where the bivalent IgG acts akin to molecular pliers, pulling the tetramer apart into inactive β-tryptase monomers, and may provide an alternative strategy for antibody engineering.
Flow driven robotic navigation of microengineered endovascular probes
Authors: Pancaldi Lucio , Dirix Pietro , Fanelli Adele , Lima Augusto Martins , Stergiopulos Nikolaos , Mosimann Pascal John , Ghezzi Diego , Sakar Mahmut Selman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMinimally invasive medical procedures, such as endovascular catheterization, have considerably reduced procedure time and associated complications. However, many regions inside the body, such as in the brain vasculature, still remain inaccessible due to the lack of appropriate guidance technologies. Here, experimentally and through numerical simulations, we show that tethered ultra-flexible endovascular microscopic probes can be transported through tortuous vascular networks with minimal external intervention by harnessing hydrokinetic energy. Dynamic steering at bifurcations is performed by deformation of the probe head using magnetic actuation. We developed an endovascular microrobotic toolkit with a cross-sectional area that is orders of magnitude smaller than the smallest catheter currently available. Our technology has the potential to improve state-of-the-art practices as it enhances the reachability, reduces the risk of iatrogenic damage, significantly increases the speed of robot-assisted interventions, and enables the deployment of multiple leads simultaneously through a standard needle injection and saline perfusion.
High affinity nanobodies block SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain interaction with human angiotensin converting enzyme
Authors: Esparza Thomas J. , Martin Negin P. , Anderson George P. , Goldman Ellen R. , Brody David L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere are currently few approved effective treatments for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Nanobodies are 12–15 kDa single-domain antibody fragments that can be delivered by inhalation and are amenable to relatively inexpensive large scale production compared to other biologicals. We have isolated nanobodies that bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain and block spike protein interaction with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with 1–5 nM affinity. The lead nanobody candidate, NIH-CoVnb-112, blocks SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus infection of HEK293 cells expressing human ACE2 with an EC50 of 0.3 µg/mL. NIH-CoVnb-112 retains structural integrity and potency after nebulization. Furthermore, NIH-CoVnb-112 blocks interaction between ACE2 and several high affinity variant forms of the spike protein. These nanobodies and their derivatives have therapeutic, preventative, and diagnostic potential.
Silicea terra and Zincum metallicum Modulate the Activity of Macrophages Challenged with BCG In Vitro
Authors: Pinto Sandra Augusta G. , Nagai Mirian Yaeko O. , Alvares-Saraiva Anuska , Peres Giovani B. , Waisse Silvia , Perez Elizabeth C. , Bonamin Leoni Villano 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground The homeopathic medicines Silicea terra (Sil) and Zincum metallicum (Zinc) modulate macrophage activity and were assessed in an experimental study in-vitro for their effects on macrophage–BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) interaction.Methods RAW 264.7 macrophages were infected with BCG, treated with different potencies of Sil and Zinc (6cH, 30cH and 200cH) or vehicle, and assessed 24 and 48 h later for bacilli internalization, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and cytokine production, and lysosomal activity.Results Treatment with vehicle was associated with non-specific inhibition of H2O2 production to the levels exhibited by uninfected macrophages. Sil 200cH induced significant reduction of H2O2 production (p < 0.001) compared with the vehicle and all other treatments, as well as higher lysosomal activity (p ≤ 0.001) and increased IL-10 production (p ≤ 0.05). Such effects were considered specific for this remedy and potency. The number of internalized bacilli was inversely proportional to Zinc potencies, with statistically significant interaction between dilution and treatment (p = 0.003). Such linear-like behavior was not observed for Sil dilutions: peak internalization occurred with the 30cH dilution, accompanied by cellular degeneration, and IL-6 and IL-10 increased (p ≤ 0.05) only in the cells treated with Sil 6cH.Conclusion Sil and Zinc presented different patterns of potency-dependent effect on macrophage activity. Bacterial digestion and a balanced IL-6/IL-10 production were related to Sil 6cH, though reduced oxidative stress with increased lysosomal activity was related to Sil 200cH. Degenerative effects were exclusively related to Sil 30cH, and potency-dependent phagocytosis was related only to Zinc.
Photoionization of aligned excited states in neon by attosecond laser pulses
Authors: Omiste Juan J , Madsen Lars Bojer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We numerically describe the ionization process induced by linearly and circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond laser pulses on an aligned atomic target, specifically the excited state Ne*(1s
22s
22p
5[

P

o

2

1
/
2

]3s[

P

o

1

]). We compute the excited atomic state by applying the time-dependent restricted-active-space self-consistent field method to fully account for the electronic correlation. We find that correlation-assisted ionization channels can dominate channels accessible without correlation. We also observe that the rotation of the photoelectron momentum distribution by circularly polarized laser pulses compared to the case of linear polarization can be explained in terms of differences in accessible ionization channels. This study shows that it is essential to include electron correlation effects to obtain an accurate description of the photoelectron emission dynamics from aligned excited states.