bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvis weight‐bearing ability after minimally invasive stabilizations for periacetabular lesion
Authors: Lea William B. , Tutton Sean M. , Alsaikhan Naif , Neilson John C. , Schafer Sebastian , King David M. , Wang Mei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPeriacetabular metastatic lesions cause debilitating weight‐bearing pain and pose a risk of pelvic pathologic fracture. Minimally invasive percutaneous stabilization is an alternative palliative therapy over extensive open reconstructive surgeries. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical behaviors of three distinct techniques of percutaneous periacetabular stabilization. A total of 20 composite hemipelves custom‐made to contain Harrington type III periacetabular lesion based on a patient's computed tomograpy scans were assigned to treatment groups of cementoplasty alone using polymethyl methacrylate (Cement), screw fixation alone using ischial and posterior‐to‐anterior screws (Screws), cement‐augmented screws (Screws&Cement), and a control group (Untreated). All hemipelves were loaded in a mechanical test configuration mimicking a single‐legged stance, and failure load, failure deformation, and construct stiffness were determined. In the experiments, Screws&Cement demonstrated the highest yield strength (4711 ± 362 N) and was 12% higher than Cement (4005 ± 304 N, p = 0.019), 125% higher than Screws (2097 ± 359 N, p < 0.0001), and 184% higher than Untreated (1658 ± 254 N, p < 0.0001). No significant difference in yield strength was found between Screws and Untreated. Screws&Cement also demonstrated the highest stiffness (1013 ± 92 N/mm), followed by Cement (893 ± 49 N/mm), and both groups were significantly stiffer than Screws (543 ± 114 N/mm, p < 0.0001) and Untreated (580 ± 91 N/mm, p < 0.0001 for Screws&Cement, and p = 0.0003 for Cement). This study demonstrated that a cement‐augmented periacetabular reconstruction is an effective option for percutaneous treatment of Harrington III periacetabular metastatic lesion. The addition of pelvic screws over cementoplasty significantly improved the pelvis load‐bearing strength. When large periacetabular lesions are present, augmented screw fixation appears to be the superior choice of treatment.
Diflunisal‐loaded poly(propylene sulfide) nanoparticles decrease S. aureus‐mediated bone destruction during osteomyelitis
Authors: Ford Caleb A. , Spoonmore Thomas J. , Gupta Mukesh K. , Duvall Craig L. , Guelcher Scott A. , Cassat James E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOsteomyelitis is a debilitating infection of bone that results in substantial morbidity. Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly isolated pathogen causing bone infections and features an arsenal of virulence factors that contribute to bone destruction and counteract immune responses. We previously demonstrated that diflunisal, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, decreases S. aureus‐induced bone destruction during osteomyelitis when delivered locally from a resorbable drug delivery depot. However, local diflunisal therapy was complicated by bacterial colonization of the depot's surface, highlighting a common pitfall of devices for local drug delivery to infected tissue. It is, therefore, critical to develop an alternative drug delivery method for diflunisal to successfully repurpose this drug as an antivirulence therapy for osteomyelitis. We hypothesized that a nanoparticle‐based parenteral delivery strategy would provide a method for delivering diflunisal to infected tissue while circumventing the complications associated with local delivery. In this study, we demonstrate that poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS) nanoparticles accumulate at the infectious focus in a murine model of staphylococcal osteomyelitis and are capable of efficaciously delivering diflunisal to infected bone. Moreover, diflunisal‐loaded PPS nanoparticles effectively decrease S. aureus‐mediated bone destruction, establishing the feasibility of systemic delivery of an antivirulence compound to mitigate bone pathology during osteomyelitis.
Comparison of wearable sensor to traditional methods in functional outcome measures: A systematic review
Authors: Follis Shawna , Chen Zhao , Mishra Sachin , Howe Carol L. , Toosizadeh Nima , Dohm Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTraditional methods of collecting functional outcome measures are widely used for lower extremity arthroplasty outcome assessment. Wearable sensors are emerging as viable tools for functional outcome measures in monitoring of postarthroplasty recovery. The objective of this review was to compare the efficacy of wearable sensors with traditional methods for monitoring postarthroplasty functional recovery. Articles were searched for inclusion in this review that used both traditional and wearable sensor functional outcome measures to assess lower extremity function before and after lower extremity arthroplasty. Two independent screeners reviewed all articles, and resolved differences through consensus and consultation with the senior author. Studies that met inclusion criteria were evaluated for methodologic quality using performed risk of bias assessments. Results from several traditional and wearable sensor functional outcome measures from baseline through follow‐up were normalized across studies. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Six studies used statistical methods to directly compare functional outcome measures and eight studies used qualitative description of comparisons. This review found evidence that wearable sensors detected nuanced functional outcome information on the specific biomechanics and timing of recovery, which were unaccounted for using traditional methods. Wearable sensors have shown promising utility in providing additional recovery information from lower extremity arthroplasty compared with traditional functional outcome measures, but future research is needed to assess the clinical significance of this additional information. Wearable sensor technology is an emerging clinical tool providing advanced and determinative data with the potential for advancing the assessment of lower extremity arthroplasty outcomes.
Use of a High‐Protein Enteral Nutrition Formula to Increase Protein Delivery to Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized, Blinded, Parallel‐Group, Feasibility Trial
Authors: Chapple Lee‐anne S. , Summers Matthew J. , Bellomo Rinaldo , Chapman Marianne J. , Davies Andrew R. , Ferrie Suzie , Finnis Mark E. , Hurford Sally , Lange Kylie , Little Lorraine , O'Connor Stephanie N. , Peake Sandra L. , Ridley Emma J. , Young Paul J. , Williams Patricia J. , Deane Adam M. ,   for the TARGET Investigator Collaborative and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundInternational guidelines recommend critically ill adults receive more protein than most receive. We aimed to establish the feasibility of a trial to evaluate whether feeding protein to international recommendations would improve outcomes, in which 1 group received protein doses representative of international guideline recommendations (high protein) and the other received doses similar to usual practice.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, randomized, blinded, parallel‐group, feasibility trial across 6 intensive care units. Critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults expected to receive enteral nutrition (EN) for ≥2 days were randomized to receive EN containing 63 or 100 g/L protein for ≤28 days. Data are mean (SD) or median (interquartile range).ResultsThe recruitment rate was 0.35 (0.13) patients per day, with 120 patients randomized and data available for 116 (n = 58 per group). Protein delivery was greater in the high‐protein group (1.52 [0.52] vs 0.99 [0.27] grams of protein per kilogram of ideal body weight per day; difference, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.38–0.69] g/kg/d protein), with no difference in energy delivery (difference, −26 [95% CI, −190 to 137] kcal/kg/d). There were no between‐group differences in the duration of feeding (8.7 [7.3] vs 8.1 [6.3] days), and blinding of the intervention was confirmed. There were no differences in clinical outcomes, including 90‐day mortality (14/55 [26%] vs 15/56 [27%]; risk difference, −1.3% [95% CI, −17.7% to 15.0%]).ConclusionConducting a multicenter blinded trial is feasible to compare protein delivery at international guideline–recommended levels with doses similar to usual care during critical illness.
Surface, Micellar, and Aggregation Behavior of Non‐cytotoxic Imidazolium Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Shaheen Arifa , Mir Ab Waheed , Arif Rabia , Bala Ritu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe micellar, surface, and aggregation properties of biocompatible, imidazolium‐based hydroxyl group‐containing gemini surfactants, 1,1′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl‐2‐ol) bis(3‐alkyl‐1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium)bromide, [CnIm‐3OH‐ImCn]Br2, were studied. The surface parameters like maximum surface excess concentration at air/water interface (Γmax), the minimum surface area occupied by surfactant molecules (Amin) and the related thermodynamic parameters such as, standard Gibbs free energy of micellization (), standard free energy of adsorption (), and free energy of surface at equilibrium ) were also determined from the surface parameters. The aggregation behavior has been elucidated from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques which showed that these gemini surfactants have potential self‐aggregation efficiency. Besides, some other physicochemical properties like foam stability, emulsifying power, and viscosity have been determined. The structural features of [CnIm‐3OH‐ImCn]Br2 enhance their surface‐active properties. These features of gemini surfactants are of primary significance from pharmaceutical and biomedical viewpoints. The gemini surfactants may have great implications in drug formulations and delivery owing to their prominent aggregation and non‐cytotoxic nature.
Evaluation of the Braden scale in predicting surgical outcomes in older patients undergoing major head and neck surgery
Authors: Grewal Rajan , Sklar Michael C. , de Almeida John R , Xu Wei , Su Jie , Thomas Carissa M. , Alibhai Shabbir M.H. , Goldstein David P 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundBeing able to predict negative postoperative outcomes is important for helping select patients for treatment as well for informed decision‐making by patients. Frailty measures are often time and resource intensive to use as screening measures, whereas the Braden scale, a commonly used measure to assess patients at risk of developing pressure ulcers after surgery, may be a potential tool to predict postoperative complication rates and longer length of stay (LOS) in patients undergoing major head and neck cancer surgery.MethodsA retrospective analysis of Braden scale scores was performed on a prospectively collected cohort of patients undergoing major head and neck surgery recruited between December 2011 and April 2014. The association of Braden scale score with the primary outcomes of complications and LOS was analyzed using logistic regression and linear regression models on univariate analysis (UVA), respectively. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed based on a backward stepwise selection algorithm.ResultsThere were 232 patients with a mean (SD) Braden scale score of 14.9 (2.8) with a range from 9 to 23. The Braden scale (β = −.07 per point; 95% CI −0.09, −0.04, P < .001) was an independent predictor of increased LOS on UVA, but not on MVA when adjusted for other variables. For overall complications, as well as type of complication, the Braden scale score was not a significant predictor of complications on either UVA or MVA.ConclusionIn the sample population, the Braden scale did not demonstrate an ability to predict negative outcomes in head and neck surgery patients.Level of EvidenceLevel 2b individual cohort study.
Vital rates of small reef corals are associated with variation in climate
Authors: Edmunds Peter J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith coral cover declining on most tropical reefs, efforts are intensifying to understand the mechanisms by which environmental stressors are driving populations into demographic deficit. Here, the population dynamics of sexual cohorts of small corals (≤ 4 cm diameter) in St. John, US Virgin Islands were used to test the hypothesis that the association of vital rates with environmental conditions has changed over 22 yr. The annual fate of 3999 corals at six sites and 7–9 m depth were used to populate Leslie Matrices and calculate assemblage growth rates (λ, without recruitment), mortality of the smallest corals, and graduation from the largest size class. Vital rates were tested for associations with temperature, the number of days with seawater warmer than 29.4°C (i.e., hot days), and rainfall. Transition probabilities varied among years, and usually more corals remained in their original size class than moved among size classes. Corals in the smallest size class had the highest mortality rate (42% yr−1), λ had a grand mean of 0.688, and there were trends for λ to vary with the number of hot days and rainfall through quadratic relationships. The linear dependence of λ on rainfall over consecutive 3‐yr periods declined over two decades, suggesting that this colony size‐defined coral assemblage has undergone phenotypic change in their responsiveness to varying environmental conditions.
Corrosion of structural constituents of 2017 aluminium alloy in acidic solutions containing inhibitors
Authors: Kwolek Przemysław , Mrówka‐Nowotnik Grażyna , Wytrwal‐Sarna Magdalena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to establish the corrosion behaviour of the most important structural constituents of the aluminium alloy 2017 in orthophosphoric acid solutions containing heteropolyoxomolybdate, tungstate and vanadate. These are potential candidates for replacing toxic hexavalent chromium species in stripping solution for anodic coatings. The corrosion rate of the alloy is estimated with linear polarisation method. It decreases from 0.58 mA cm−2 in uninhibited solution to 0.10 mA cm−2 in a solution containing heteropolyoxomolybdate species. Microscopic studies reveal that heteropolyoxomolybdate species inhibit corrosion of the matrix and intermetallic Al15(Fe,Mn)3(Si,Cu)2 but not Mg2Si. Intermetallic Al2Cu remains not corroded. Heteropolyoxotungstate species virtually do not inhibit the corrosion of the alloy. The solution containing vanadium species is not stable with time and the corrosion rate is not determined. Nevertheless, corrosion of the matrix is inhibited, but intermetallics Al15(Fe,Mn)3(Si,Cu)2 together with Mg2Si are dissolved. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used for examination of a corrosion product precipitated on the surface.
Accuracy of dose‐volume metric calculation for small‐volume radiosurgery targets
Authors: Stanley Dennis N. , Covington Elizabeth L. , Liu Haisong , Alexandrian Ara N. , Cardan Rex A. , Bridges Daniel S. , Thomas Evan M. , Fiveash John B. , Popple Richard A. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeFor stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), accurate evaluation of dose‐volume metrics for small structures is necessary. The purpose of this study was to compare the DVH metric capabilities of five commercially available SRS DVH analysis tools (Eclipse, Elements, Raystation, MIM, and Velocity).MethodsDICOM RTdose and RTstructure set files created using MATLAB were imported and evaluated in each of the tools. Each structure set consisted of 50 randomly placed spherical targets. The dose distributions were created on a 1‐mm grid using an analytic model such that the dose‐volume metrics of the spheres were known. Structure sets were created for 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 mm diameter spheres. The reported structure volume, V100% [cc], and V50% [cc], and the RTOG conformity index and Paddick Gradient Index, were compared with the analytical values.ResultsThe average difference and range across all evaluated target sizes for the reported structure volume was − 4.73%[−33.2,0.2], 0.11%[−10.9, 9.5], −0.39%[−12.1, 7.0], −2.24%[−21.0, 1.3], and 1.15%[−15.1,0.8], for TPS‐A through TPS‐E, respectively. The average difference and range for the V100%[cc] (V20Gy[cc]) was − 0.4[−24.5,9.8], −2.73[−23.6, 1.1], −3.01[−23.6, 0.6], −3.79[−27.3, 1.3], and 0.26[−6.1,2.6] for TPS‐A through TPS‐E, respectively. For V50%[cc](V10Gy[cc]) in TPS‐A through TPS‐E the average and ranger were − 0.05[−0.8,0.4], −0.18[−1.2, 0.5], −0.44[−1.4, 0.3], −0.26[−1.8, 2.6], and 0.09[−1.4,2.7].ConclusionThis study expanded on the previously published literature to quantitatively compare the DVH analysis capabilities of software commonly used for SRS plan evaluation and provides freely available and downloadable analytically derived set of ground truth DICOM dose and structure files for the use of radiotherapy clinics. The differences between systems highlight the need for standardization and/or transparency between systems, especially when evaluating plan quality for multi‐institutional clinical trials.
A time‐discontinuous peridynamic method for transient problems involving crack propagation
Authors: Liu Zhenhai , Ye Hongfei , Qian Dong , Zhang Hongwu , Zheng Yonggang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA time‐discontinuous peridynamic method (TDPD) for modeling transient problems of wave and crack propagation in solids is presented in this article. The main features of the TDPD are that the displacement field and the velocity field are independently interpolated in the temporal domain by using cubic and linear functions, respectively. Jump terms representing discontinuities of the variables are introduced between the adjacent time steps. The weak form and a new time integration scheme are derived by combining the peridynamic governing equations with the time‐discontinuous method. The displacement field is continuous while discontinuous jumps are introduced into the velocity field. Those characteristics enable the TDPD to accurately capture the sharp gradient in stress and effectively control the spurious numerical oscillation. The effectiveness of the TDPD is first demonstrated through two representative numerical examples of wave propagation. Three additional examples are presented to show the advantages of the TDPD in the simulation of dynamic crack propagation problems. It is shown that TDPD provides more accurate and satisfactory results when compared with the traditional time integration scheme.
Environmentally Benign Solution‐Based Procedure for the Fabrication of Metal Oxide Coatings on Metallic Pigments
Authors: Bies Thorsten , Hoffmann Rudolf C. , Stöter Matthias , Huber Adalbert , Schneider Jörg J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAluminum pigments were coated with Fe2O3and CuO by solution‐based thermal decomposition of the urea nitrate compounds hexakisureairon(III)nitrate and tetrakisureacopper(II)nitrate. The deposition process was optimized to obtain homogeneously coated aluminum pigments. The growth of the surface coatings was controlled by investigation with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and static light scattering as well as infrared, X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The iron precursor showed an incomplete decomposition in solution, incorporating traces of urea molecules inside the coatings while the copper precursor showed complete dissociation accompanied by in situ formation of amine complexes. The amount of organic residues resulting from ligand fragments in the final oxide coatings could be reduced to 22 % for the iron oxide and 12 % for the copper oxide by further temperature treatment in solution (259 °C). Colorimetric investigations of the obtained pigments revealed an excellent hiding power, outperforming the pigments used in current state‐of‐the‐art formulations.
UNPACKING COMPLEX MEDIATION MECHANISMS AND THEIR HETEROGENEITY BETWEEN SITES IN A JOB CORPS EVALUATION
Authors: Qin Xu , Deutsch Jonah , Hong Guanglei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aims to test the theory underlying Job Corps, one of the largest education and training programs in the U.S. serving disadvantaged youth. Central to the program are vocational training and general education that serve as two concurrent mediators transmitting the program impact on earnings. To distinguish the relative contribution of each, we develop methods for decomposing the Job Corps impact on earnings into an indirect effect transmitted through vocational training, an indirect effect transmitted through general education, and a direct effect attributable to supplementary services. We further ask whether general education and vocational training reinforce each other and produce a joint impact greater than the sum of the two separate pathways. Moreover, we examine the heterogeneity of each causal effect across all the Job Corps centers. This article presents concepts and methods for defining, identifying, and estimating not only the population averages but also the between‐site variance of these causal effects. Our analytic procedure incorporates a series of weighting strategies to enhance the internal and external validity of the results and assesses the sensitivity to potential violations of the identification assumptions.
Policy issue interdependency and the formation of collaborative networks
Authors: Hedlund Johanna , Bodin Örjan , Nohrstedt Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnvironmental problems often span a set of challenges that each may engage different policy actors across different policy domains. These challenges, orpolicy issues, nonetheless exhibit interdependencies that may constrain the ability of actors to work together towards joint solutions.Still, we have limited knowledge about whether and how policy issue interdependencies actually shape how actors collaborate.Using data derived from two venues for collaborative water governance in the Norrström basin, Sweden, we investigate whether and how policy issues and policy issue interdependencies influence actors' selection of collaborative partners. We test two alternative sets of propositions; one set assumes that partner selection is driven by actors' engagement in policy issues and their interdependencies, while the other set emphasises social positions and actor attributes.Our results show that in one venue, actors' choices of collaborative partner were associated with factors from both sets, but not with policy issue interdependencies specifically. In the other venue, only actor and relational attributes shaped social tie formation. These results suggest that how actors interact does not necessarily align with the policy issues and the policy issue interdependencies defined by the environmental problem they are to address.Our results provide an important step towards arriving at evidence‐based recommendations for more effective collaborative efforts in addressing complex environmental problems that no actor can address alone.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Transnational lives on the move: Looking beyond binational sedentarism
Authors: Mavrommatis George 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransnationalism and the mobilities paradigm are important theoretical contributions to have emerged during the last three decades in social sciences. However, they have not been meaningfully integrated within migration studies. Rather, analysis of transnational phenomena has focused on two distinct places (country, society, city etc.); back and forth movement between them; and the flows that create the social fields that link them. This article attempts to disrupt that binational/bilocal view by understanding transnational lives as part of a continuous yet fragmented mobility. It does so through an ethnography conducted in 2016 of refugees at a camp at the Port of Piraeus in Athens, Greece, during the so‐called European refugee crisis. The findings show that although spatially stranded in Greece, the refugees maintained dreams of getting farther into Europe while relying on, and being aided by, information and communication technology. Theirs were transnational lives not between just two places but on the move.