bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of and factors associated with self-reported noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law while driving among adults in Kuwait
Authors: Ridha Hashem , Bouzaber Fahed , Al-Sallal Maryam , Almutairi Aisha , Al-dhubaiei Reem , Akhtar Saeed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of self-reported noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law and examined the factors associated with noncompliance with seatbelt-use while driving in adult working population in Kuwait.

Methods
During October 2017, 822 adults aged 21–60 years from 11 government ministries and departments were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured, and self-administered questionnaire. We computed the prevalence of self-reported noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law while driving and evaluated the factors associated with noncompliance with seatbelt-use law while driving using a multivariable log-binomial regression model. The adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using model’s parameters’ estimates.

Results
Of 822 participants, 64.4% were females, 56.6% were 21 to 30 years old, 86.5% were Kuwaitis, and 70.3% had college and/or university level education. The prevalence of self-reported noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law while driving was 55.5%, whereas the prevalence of noncompliance with self-reported mandatory use seatbelt as a passenger was 80.9%. Multivariable log-binomial regression model showed that after adjusting for the influence of other variables in the model, participants were more likely to be noncompliers with mandatory seatbelt law while driving, if they believed that seatbelt does not protect against injuries during road traffic crashes (RTC) (adjusted PR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.37; p = 0.004) or if they were ever fined for not wearing seatbelt (adjusted PR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.24–1.47; p <  0.001). Furthermore, participants were significantly more likely to be noncompliers with mandatory seatbelt law while driving, if they were unaware of implemented mandatory seatbelt law in Kuwait (adjusted PR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04–1.19; p = 0.003).

Conclusions
The prevalence of noncompliance with mandatory seatbelt-use law in the adult working population of Kuwait is considerably high. Being unaware of mandatory seatbelt use law, belief that seatbelt does not protect during RTC, and having ever been fined in the past for not having seatbelt on while driving were significant predictors of noncompliance with seatbelt-use law. These results warrant the focused mass education and rigorous enforcement of seatbelt-use law while driving. These strategies are likely to enhance the adherence to seatbelt-use law and minimize RTCs related injuries and mortality among adult drivers in this and other similar settings in the region. If implemented, future studies may look at the impact of such interventions on RTCs related frequency and severity of injuries in this and other similar settings.
Doing Post-Western sociology in Central and Eastern Europe before and after the Great Change: some epistemological questions
Authors: Koleva Svetla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnalyzing the sociology in Central and Eastern Europe before and after the Great Change in 1989, the article aims to present the main epistemological questions that Post-Western sociology raises for the discipline of sociology as a whole. The focus is put on a paradoxical feature in the development of sociology in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe: before 1989, under conditions of Marxist monoparadigmality, relative isolation of scientific cognition, and political and ideological pressure, sociological research in these countries was characterized by methodological rigor and conceptual innovativeness, while after 1989, in the context of institutionalized plurality of paradigms (polyparadigmality), and intensive scientific exchange, the dominant tendency is—for social scientists in the countries in question—to borrow methodologies, theories, and concepts from the Western sociological tradition, without analyzing the epistemic relevance of these loans with regard to the societies in which they are applied. This paradox is examined in terms of sociological production in two research fields: the general sociological theory of society and sociology of youth. Comparing studies and analyses carried out in these two fields in Central and Eastern Europe before and after the Great Change, the article demonstrates that Post-Western sociology is a validresearch posturefor a wide variety of sociological practices regardless of the concrete national, theoretical, or institutional frameworks in which researchers are working. Sensitivity to the context of research is what permits Post-Western sociology to eliminate cognitive hierarchies and inequalities and restores the epistemic autonomy of each cognitive practice, emphasizing the inevitable cultural variations in the interpretation of one and the same phenomenon and the impact of these variations on methodology. In this sense, Post-Western sociology raises important epistemological problems regarding the relationship between maintaining the disciplinary principles of sociological knowledge on the one hand, and the application of those principles in different epistemic contexts on the other hand. The main question could be formulated as follows: how does Post-Western sociology enrich the deontological and epistemological principles of the discipline and in what way does it contribute to developing its scientific project?
Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for an ascending colon cancer patient with an implantable left ventricular assist device: a case report
Authors: Kajiwara Taiki , Naitoh Takeshi , Suzuki Yusuke , Kohyama Atsushi , Karasawa Hideaki , Suzuki Hideyuki , Akiyama Masatoshi , Saiki Yoshikatsu , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Ohnuma Shinobu , Kamei Takashi , Unno Michiaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) currently play an important role in the treatment of patients with end-stage heart failure who require a bridge to heart transplantation or destination therapy. With the development and improvement of the LVADs, the morbidity and mortality rates are declining and life expectancies increasing, and the number of patients with LVADs requiring non-cardiac surgery is likely to increase. We present the case of a patient with implantable LVAD who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for ascending colon cancer.

Case description
The patient was a 66-year-old man who underwent LVAD implantation as a BTT 3 years prior. He suffered from severe anemia at follow-up, and a colonoscopy revealed ascending colon cancer. The LVAD pump was implanted in the epigastrium. The long C-shaped subfascial driveline tunnel was made, and driveline exit site was located on the left lateral abdominal wall. We assessed the positional relationship between the tumor and the driveline using X-ray and three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) images. 3D CT image allowed us to easily identify the location of the driveline, and we determined to perform laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. The port sites were decided upon carefully to avoid the driveline injury, and the driveline was marked on the skin before surgery. There were no adhesions in the abdominal cavity, and both the LVAD and the driveline were observable. The trocars were in nearly the same positions as in a standard laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. During the operation, the LVAD and the driveline did not interfere with the trocars. We successfully completed a standard laparoscopic right hemicolectomy despite hemorrhagic tendency. The patient was discharged without any bleeding complications during the postoperative course.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic surgery is feasible and safe for patients with LVADs with intensive preoperative simulation and perioperative prevention of infection.
Pericardial disease as a rare complication of pediatric appendicitis: a systematic literature search
Authors: Saha Bibek , Aoyama Kazuyoshi , Petre Maria-Alexandra , Englesakis Marina , Robertson James , Levine Mark 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Classic symptoms of acute appendicitis are well known but are uncommon and often misinterpreted in pediatric patients, potentially delaying diagnosis and resulting in rare sequelae.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search of case reports detailing pericardial disease as a rare complication of pediatric appendicitis through MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Databases. Inclusion criteria was that the patient must be < 18 years old and present with both pericardial disease and appendicitis.

Results
Our search yielded 7 cases with an average age of 10.3 ± 3.9 years old. The cases involved cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, and/or pericardial effusion. Five cases were diagnosed with appendicitis before complicated by pericardial disease. Most cases had an infectious component, but a majority had negative pericardial fluid cultures. Pleural effusion and abdominal abscesses were other common complications of pediatric appendicitis.

Conclusion
Awareness of this uncommon relationship may have prognostic value as this may facilitate appropriate management of pericardial effusions, tamponade, and/or appendicitis.
Nearly one in three children is suffering from sub-optimal feeding practice in Gibe District, Hadiya zone, South Ethiopia
Authors: Fentahun Netsanet , Mulu Yared , Feleke Tesfaye , Tamirat Abraham 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Although infant and young child feeding practices play an important role, children in Ethiopia suffer from poor infant and young child feeding. To date, there is a limited study which addresses factors that influence infant and young child feeding practices. The aim of the study was to determine the predictors of infant and young child feeding practices in Gibe District, Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was employed on 418 randomly selected mothers with children under the age of 24 months from March 13 to April 13, 2017. The pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to determine the predictors of infant and young child feeding practices.

Results
A total of 284 (67.9%) infant and young child suffered from the sub-optimal infant and young child feeding practices. The husband being a government employee [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.08 (1.65, 10.04)], lower household income [(AOR) = 3.11 (1.36, 7.07)], not attending antenatal care (AOR = 2.03 (1.22, 3.36)], child age 0–5 months [AOR = 2.42 (1.02, 5.72)], negative attitude towards infant and young child feeding practices [AOR = 2.35 (1.44, 3.84)], and the number of children 3–4 [AOR = 1.99 (1.08, 3.64)] were predictors of the sub-optimal infant and young child feeding practices.

Conclusion
Sub-optimal infant and young child feeding practices were very high as compared to the WHO infant and child feeding recommendation. The husband being a government employee, lower household income, not attending antenatal care, child age 0–5 months, negative attitude towards infant and young child feeding practices, and the number of children 3–4 were the predictors of the sub-optimal infant and young child feeding practices. Nutritional interventions should emphasize the predictors of sub-optimal infant and young child feeding practices to improve optimal infant and young child feeding practices in Ethiopia.
TIDES: examining the influence of temporal individual differences on multitasking in educational simulation
Authors: Franklin Ashley E. , Thielke Laura , Gilbert Gregory E. , Waller Mary 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The majority of tasks nurses complete in acute care settings are time-sensitive. Due to complex patient needs, nurses’ multitasking behavior is of growing importance. Situations involving multitasking behavior typically require nurses to switch their attention among multiple tasks and patients in a rapid fashion. Research suggests temporal individual differences such as time urgency, polychronicity, and time perspective influence decision-making. The factors suggest that balanced time perspective may facilitate multitasking. Given novice nurses commit errors related to multitasking, we evaluated the relationship between temporal individual differences, cognitive workload, and multitasking behaviors in a simulation setting.

Methods
A one-group repeated measures design was used to evaluate the relationship between multitasking, demographic factors, cognitive workload, and temporal individual differences. One hundred sixty fourth-year, prelicensure nursing students independently completed two 45-min multiple patients simulations involving care of three interactive patient simulators. Participants completed the Multitasking Preference Inventory, Time Perspective Inventory, Experiences of Time survey, and Time Urgency Scale before simulation. A summary Creighton Simulation Evaluation Instrument score was used to represent multitasking. Participants completed the Task Load Index to represent cognitive workload. We calculated deviation from balanced time perspective and measured its correlation with multitasking. Regression models calculated how much variance deviation from balanced time perspective, demographic factors, and cognitive workload contributed to multitasking.

Results
Standardized test scores were more predictive of multitasking than deviation from balanced time perspective (β = 0.19, t = 2.48, p = 0.0142). As deviation from balanced time perspective increased, multitasking behaviors decreased (r = − 0.17), participants reported a higher sense of urgency (r = 0.39), and they had more frustration after simulation (r = 0.22). Deviation from balanced time perspective did not influence cognitive workload.

Conclusions
Nursing students who demonstrate multitasking behaviors tend to have a more balanced time perspective. Knowing students’ deviation from balanced time perspective may help educators anticipate who will need more assistance with multitasking in simulation. Nursing students frequently wait until just before graduation to provide care for multiple patients; including mention of deviation from balanced time perspective in simulation preparation may help senior nursing students become more self-aware and ultimately improve behavioral performance.
Measuring school children’s attitudes toward immigrants in Switzerland and Poland
Authors: Becker Charlotte Clara , Davidov Eldad , Cieciuch Jan , Algesheimer René , Kindschi Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor decades, social scientists have been interested in studying individual attitudes toward ethnic minorities or immigrants and their development over time. Whereas these attitudes have been commonly studied among adults, little is known about children’s and teenager’s attitudes toward immigrant minorities. This gap might have been a result of a lack of standardized, cost-effective, and efficient large-scale survey measures tailored to young people. In the current study, we try to overcome this gap by introducing and validating a new, child-friendly, easily administrable picture-based survey measure of attitudes toward immigrants belonging to two ethnic minorities: blacks and Muslims.For this purpose, we collected a panel dataset at three measurement time points in two countries, Switzerland and Poland, including 5332 school children and teenagers aged 8 to 19 years, divided into three age cohorts. We performed confirmatory factor analyses within and across the samples and found that the new picture-based measures were reliable and highly comparable across measurement time points, age cohorts, and country samples. The findings suggest that picture-based measures may be a promising tool to measure attitudes among children.
Stigma and burden of mental illness and their correlates among family caregivers of mentally ill patients
Authors: Ebrahim Omnya S. , Al-Attar Ghada S. T. , Gabra Romany H. , Osman Doaa M. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesFamily caregivers play a curial role in supporting and caring for their mentally ill relatives. Their struggle for facing stigma and shouldering caregiving burden is marginalized, undervalued, and invisible to medical services. This study assessed the stigma and burden of mental illnesses, and their correlates among family caregivers of mentally ill patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 425 main family caregivers of mentally ill patients at Assiut University Hospital. A structured interview questionnaire was designed to collect socio-demographic data of both patients and their caregivers. Stigma scale for caregivers of people with mental illness (CPMI) was used to assess the affiliate stigma, while the associative stigma was assessed by the explanatory model interview catalogue stigma scale (EMIC-Stigma scale). The caregivers’ burden was assessed using Zarit burden Interview, and Modified Attitude toward Mental Illness Questionnaire was used to assess caregivers’ knowledge and attitude towards mental illness.ResultsBipolar disorder (48%) and schizophrenia/other related psychotic disorders (42.8%) were the most common mental illnesses among the study patients. The mean scores of CPMI total scale, EMIC-Stigma scale, and Zarit Burden scale were 56.80 ± 7.99, 13.81 ± 5.42, and 55.20 ± 9.82, respectively. The significant correlates for affiliate stigma were being parents of patients (ß = 4.529,p< 0.001), having higher associate stigma (ß = 0.793,p< 0.001), and aggressive behavior of mentally ill patients (ß = 1.343,p= 0.038). The significant correlates for associate stigma of the study caregivers were being caregivers’ relatives other than parents (ß = 1.815,p= 0.006), having high affiliate stigma (ß = 0.431,p< 0.001), having poor knowledge and negative attitude towards mental illness (ß = − 0.158,p= 0.002), and aggressive behavior of mentally ill relatives (ß = 1.332,p= 0.005). The correlates for the high burden were being male (ß = 3.638,p= 0.006), non-educated caregiver (ß = 1.864,p= 0.045), having high affiliate stigma (ß = 0.467,p< 0.001), having high associative stigma (ß = 0.409,p< 0.001), having poor knowledge and negative attitude toward mental illness (ß = − 0.221,p= 0.021), seeking traditional healers and non-psychiatrist’s care from the start (ß = 2.378,p= 0.018), and caring after young mentally ill relatives (ß = − 0.136,p= 0.003).ConclusionThe studied caregivers suffered from stigma and a high level of burden. Psycho-educational programs directed toward family caregivers are highly recommended.
Is there any association between real earnings management and crash risk of stock price during uncertainty? An evidence from family-owned firms in an emerging economy
Authors: Fatima Huma , Haque Abdul , Usman Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis research work intends to analyze the association between real earnings manipulation and stock price crash. Further, we also analyze the spillover outcome of the crash as a result of applying real earnings management. It is hypothesized that there is a positive and statistically significant association between real activities manipulation and crash risk. It is also assumed that this spillover outcome is more noticeable during uncertainty. By applying data of family firms for the time period 2005–2018, empirical results provide the proof that real manipulation has a significant impact on stock crash for a developing economy like Pakistan among family-based companies. This research work also gives a statistical insight that spillover outcome is more notable for firms facing uncertainty. Our statistical estimations are in support of the assumed hypotheses of the study. This study has very significant and practical implications for academic researchers, standard setters, and investors.
The significance of α-defensins 1-3 in Behcet’s disease: a case-control study among Egyptian patients
Authors: Shaat Reham M. , El Meadawy Samah , Rizk Ehsan Mohamed , Elgawad Mohamed Sherif Abd , Elsaid Tamer O. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Behcet’s disease (BD) is associated with uveitis, oral ulcers, genital ulcers and arthritis. Enhanced activity of innate immunity components, such as neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells and endothelial cells, is a prominent feature of BD. The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of α-defensins 1-3 in BD and detect their correlation with disease activity, severity and oral ulcer activity.

Results
Significant differences were found between Behcet’s patients and controls as regards serum α-defensins 1-3 (median 10.1, IQR 4–45 μg/ml versus median 7.4, IQR 0.6–13.2 μg/ml, p = 0.001) and salivary α-defensins 1-3 (median 17.4, IQR 5.7–44 μg/ml versus median 8.6, IQR 3.3–11 μg/ml, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) showed a fair area under curve (AUC) (AUC = 0.743), with sensitivity of 40% and specificity 100% at cutoff value of 17.3 μg/ml for serum α-defensins 1-3, while salivary α-defensins 1-3 showed excellent AUC (AUC = 0.936), with sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 86.7% at cutoff value of 9.8 μg/ml. The levels of serum and salivary α-defensins 1-3 > cutoff value were significantly higher in active severe Behcet’s patients with active oral ulcers (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
α-Defensins 1-3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of BD and could be valuable markers in the determination of disease activity, severity and oral ulcer activity.
Umbrella systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on comorbid physical conditions in people with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Rydzewska Ewelina , Dunn Kirsty , Cooper Sally-Ann 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundComorbid physical conditions may be more common in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than other people.AimsTo identify what is and what is not known about comorbid physical conditions in people with ASD.MethodWe undertook an umbrella systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on comorbid physical conditions in people with ASD. Five databases were searched. There were strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. We undertook double reviewing for eligibility, systematic data extraction and quality assessment. Prospective PROSPERO registration: CRD42015020896.ResultsIn total, 24 of 5552 retrieved articles were included, 15 on children, 1 on adults, and 8 both on children and adults. Although the quality of included reviews was good, most reported several limitations in the studies they included and considerable heterogeneity. Comorbid physical conditions are common, and some are more prevalent than in the general population: sleep problems, epilepsy, sensory impairments, atopy, autoimmune disorders and obesity. Asthma is not. However, there are substantial gaps in the evidence base. Fewer studies have been undertaken on other conditions and some findings are inconsistent.ConclusionsComorbid physical conditions occur more commonly in people with ASD, but the evidence base is slim and more research is needed. Some comorbidities compound care if clinicians are unaware, for example sensory impairments, given the communication needs of people with ASD. Others, such as obesity, can lead to an array of other conditions, disadvantages and early mortality. It is essential that potentially modifiable physical conditions are identified to ensure people with ASD achieve their best outcomes. Heightening clinicians’ awareness is important to aid in assessments and differential diagnoses, and to improve healthcare.