bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Containment, delay, mitigation’: waiting and care in the time of a pandemic
Authors: Baraitser Lisa , Salisbury Laura 
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we take up three terms – containment, delay, mitigation – that have been used by the UK Government to describe their phased response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the terms refer to a political and public health strategy – contain the virus, flatten the peak of the epidemic, mitigate its effects – we offer a psychosocial reading that draws attention to the relation between time and care embedded in each term. We do so to call for the development of a form of care-ful attention under conditions that tend to prompt action rather than reflection, closing down time for thinking. Using Adriana Cavarero’s notion of ‘horrorism’, in which violence is enacted at precisely the point that care is most needed, we discuss the ever-present possibility of failures within acts of care. We argue that dwelling in the temporality of delay can be understood as an act of care if delaying allows us to pay care-ful attention to violence. We then circle back to a point in twentieth-century history – World War II – that was also concerned with an existential threat requiring a response from a whole population. Our purpose is not to invoke a fantasised narrative of ‘Blitz spirit’, but to suggest that the British psychoanalytic tradition born of that moment offers resources for understanding how to keep thinking while ‘under fire’ through containing unbearable anxiety and the capacity for violence in the intersubjective space and time between people. In conditions of lockdown and what will be a long and drawn-out ‘after life’ of COVID-19, this commitment to thinking in and with delay and containment might help to inhabit this time of waiting – waiting that is the management and mitigation of a future threat, but also a time of care in and for the present.
The effectiveness of social bubbles as part of a Covid-19 lockdown exit strategy, a modelling study
Authors: Leng Trystan , White Connor , Hilton Joe , Kucharski Adam , Pellis Lorenzo , Stage Helena , Davies Nicholas G. ,   Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease 2019 nCoV Working Group, Keeling Matt J. , Flasche Stefan 
Published: September 2020

Background: ​ During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown, contact clustering in social bubbles may allow extending contacts beyond the household at minimal additional risk and hence has been considered as part of modified lockdown policy or a gradual lockdown exit strategy. We estimated the impact of such strategies on epidemic and mortality risk using the UK as a case study. Methods: ​ We used an individual based model for a synthetic population similar to the UK, stratified into transmission risks from the community, within the household and from other households in the same social bubble. The base case considers a situation where non-essential shops and schools are closed, the secondary household attack rate is 20% and the initial reproduction number is 0.8. We simulate social bubble strategies (where two households form an exclusive pair) for households including children, for single occupancy households, and for all households. We test the sensitivity of results to a range of alternative model assumptions and parameters. Results: Clustering contacts outside the household into exclusive bubbles is an effective strategy of increasing contacts while limiting the associated increase in epidemic risk. In the base case, social bubbles reduced fatalities by 42% compared to an unclustered increase of contacts. We find that if all households were to form social bubbles the reproduction number would likely increase to above the epidemic threshold of R=1. Strategies allowing households with young children or single occupancy households to form social bubbles increased the reproduction number by less than 11%. The corresponding increase in mortality is proportional to the increase in the epidemic risk but is focussed in older adults irrespective of inclusion in social bubbles. Conclusions: ​ If managed appropriately, social bubbles can be an effective way of extending contacts beyond the household while limiting the increase in epidemic risk.
PENGEMBANGAN SELF-CONCEPT KHAIRA UMMAH SANTRI PEREMPUAN MENYONGSONG ERA SOCIETY 5.0 PERSPEKTIF PENGEMBANGAN KARIER
Authors: Arifin Samsul 
Published: September 2020

Masyarakat 5.0 akan mengarahkan penggunaan teknologi 4.0 yang berpusat kepada manusia sehingga kehidupan manusia menjadi lebih makmur dan bermakna. Untuk itu, diperlukan pemahaman tentang diri. Diri termasuk sesuatu yang paling penting dan mendasar dalam kajian psikologi; karena mengungkap bagaimana individu berpikir dan berperilaku dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangan konsep diri ideal santri putri dari Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Sukorejo Situbondo. Metode pendekatan service-learning (SL); yang bertitik tolak dari aplikasi ilmu pengetahuan yang dipelajari di dalam kelas untuk diterapkan dalam dunia nyata dan dirancang bersama komunitas santri. Hasil: pengembangan konsep diri ideal santri adalah sebagai generasi khaira ummah yang berkarakter ”Pelopor” (pemimpin di jalan Allah dan pemimpin bersama umat untuk membangun peradaban). Untuk mengimplementasi generasi khaira ummah, santri mengembangkan skema diri yaitu bagaimana santri berpikir tentang kualitas personalnya yang menyeimbangkan kualitas keterampilan (shalahiyyah) dengan integritas (shalih). Di antaranya: alim (menguasai dan mengamalkan ilmu); jujur dan giat (as-shidq); kasih sayang (rahmah); mampu mengendalikan diri (wara, zuhud, dan sabar); sederhana dan bersahaja (qonaah, ridha, dan ikhlas); tawadhu’ dan wawas diri (jaga penampilan, ucapan, dan hati); dan komunikatif. Self-concept santri yang bermuatan ibadah dan membangun peradaban, termasuk memikirkan perekonomian umat; sejalan dengan developmental self-concept theory.
INTERVENSI PENURUNAN TINGKAT DEPRESI MELALUI EMPATHIC LOVE THERAPY
Authors: Widiasari Eka 
Published: September 2020

Depression is the one global significant problem in the world. The prevalence of depression in Indonesia is higher than the prevalence in other countries. The risk of first developing depression increase in late adolescence and early adulthood, eventualy peaking in the middle age range (age 45-55). Empathic love therapy emphasizes on how individuals accept and love all aspects of him/herself. This research aimed to test the effectivity of empathic love in decreasing depression. This therapy was applied to 3 clients, who pass the inclusive criteria for selected participant, in 8 sessions of individual setting therapy. Clients was selected using Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). BDI-II was given before and after therapy, and one in the follow up session after therapy. BDI-II showed significant decrease in 3 clients depression from mild to normal in the end of therapy. Narrative analysis of conversation transcript showed decreases level of depression. The conclusion is empathic love therapy can decreas level of depression. Further research is needed to be held to find out effective contribution of therapy techniques to its succes and therapy’s reliability.
The Secreted Glycoprotein Reelin Suppresses the Proliferation and Regulates the Distribution of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells in the Embryonic Neocortex
Authors: Ogino Himari , Nakajima Tsuzumi , Hirota Yuki , Toriuchi Kohki , Aoyama Mineyoshi , Nakajima Kazunori , Hattori Mitsuharu 
Published: September 2020

Oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cells (OPCs) are generated, proliferate, migrate, and differentiate in the developing brain. Although the development of OPCs is prerequisite for normal brain function, the molecular mechanisms regulating their development in the neocortex are not fully understood. Several molecules regulate the tangential distribution of OPCs in the developing neocortex, but the cue molecule(s) that regulate their radial distribution remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the secreted glycoprotein Reelin suppresses the proliferation of OPCs and acts as a repellent for their migrationin vitro. These functions rely on the binding of Reelin to its receptors and on the signal transduction involving the intracellular protein Dab1. In the late embryonic neocortex of mice with attenuated Reelin signaling [i.e., Reelin heterozygote-deficient, Dab1 heterozygote-deficient mutant, or very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR)-deficient mice], the number of OPCs increased and their distribution shifted toward the superficial layers. In contrast, the number of OPCs decreased and they tended to distribute in the deep layers in the neocortex of mice with abrogated inactivation of Reelin by proteolytic cleavage, namely a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs 3 (ADAMTS-3)-deficient mice and cleavage-resistant Reelin knock-in mice. Both male and female animals were used. These data indicate that Reelin–Dab1 signaling regulates the proliferation and radial distribution of OPCs in the late embryonic neocortex and that the regulation of Reelin function by its specific proteolysis is required for the normal development of OPCs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we report that Reelin–Dab1 signaling regulates the proliferation and radial distribution of OPCs in the late embryonic mouse neocortex. Oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitor cells (OPCs) express Reelin signaling molecules and respond to Reelin stimulation. Reelin–Dab1 signaling suppresses the proliferation of OPCs bothin vitroandin vivo. Reelin repels OPCsin vitro, and the radial distribution of OPCs is altered in mice with either attenuated or augmented Reelin–Dab1 signaling. This is the first report identifying the secreted molecule that plays a role in the radial distribution of OPCs in the late embryonic neocortex. Our results also show that the regulation of Reelin function by its specific proteolysis is important for the normal development of OPCs.
Circuit-Specific Plasticity of Callosal Inputs Underlies Cortical Takeover
Authors: Petrus Emily , Dembling Sarah , Usdin Ted , Isaac John T.R. , Koretsky Alan P. 
Published: September 2020

Injury induces synaptic, circuit, and systems reorganization. After unilateral amputation or stroke, this functional loss disrupts the interhemispheric interaction between intact and deprived somatomotor cortices to recruit deprived cortex in response to intact limb stimulation. This recruitment has been implicated in enhanced intact sensory function. In other patients, maladaptive consequences such as phantom limb pain can occur. We used unilateral whisker denervation in male and female mice to detect circuitry alterations underlying interhemispheric cortical reorganization. Enhanced synaptic strength from the intact cortex via the corpus callosum (CC) onto deep neurons in deprived primary somatosensory barrel cortex (S1BC) has previously been detected. It was hypothesized that specificity in this plasticity may depend on to which area these neurons projected. Increased connectivity to somatomotor areas such as contralateral S1BC, primary motor cortex (M1) and secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) may underlie beneficial adaptations, while increased connectivity to pain areas like anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) might underlie maladaptive pain phenotypes. Neurons from the deprived S1BC that project to intact S1BC were hyperexcitable, had stronger responses and reduced inhibitory input to CC stimulation. M1-projecting neurons also showed increases in excitability and CC input strength that was offset with enhanced inhibition. S2 and ACC-projecting neurons showed no changes in excitability or CC input. These results demonstrate that subgroups of output neurons undergo dramatic and specific plasticity after peripheral injury. The changes in S1BC-projecting neurons likely underlie enhanced reciprocal connectivity of S1BC after unilateral deprivation consistent with the model that interhemispheric takeover supports intact whisker processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAmputation, peripheral injury, and stroke patients experience widespread alterations in neural activity after sensory loss. A hallmark of this reorganization is the recruitment of deprived cortical space which likely aids processing and thus enhances performance on intact sensory systems. Conversely, this recruitment of deprived cortical space has been hypothesized to underlie phenotypes like phantom limb pain and hinder recovery. A mouse model of unilateral denervation detected remarkable specificity in alterations in the somatomotor circuit. These changes underlie increased reciprocal connectivity between intact and deprived cortical hemispheres. This increased connectivity may help explain the enhanced intact sensory processing detected in humans.
Circulating microRNA-194 and microRNA-1228 Could Predict Colon Cancer Proliferation via Phospho S6 Modulation
Authors: Pasca Sergiu , Ionescu Calin , Andras David , Eniu Dan , Muresan Mihai Andrei , Magdo Lorand , Jurj Ancuta , Raduly Lajos , Cojocneanu Roxana , Petrushev Bobe , Zaharie Florin , Irimie Alexandru , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Muresan Mihai Stefan 
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims: Although colon cancer has a decreasing incidence trend in Europe, because of its still high frequency and not fully understood pathogenesis, this malignancy still remains a subject of intense research. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of microRNA-194 and microRNA-1228 in colon cancer proliferation.
Methods: RNA was extracted from patients with colon cancer with or without advanced disease and microRNA expression levels were determined through qRT-PCR. Assays were performed on HCT116 cell line and included qRT-PCR, western blotting and cell counting.
Results: We observed that both microRNAs 194 and 1228 were altered in patients with colon cancer compared with healthy individuals. We observed a lower expression of both microRNA-194 and microRNA-1228 in patients with advanced colon cancer. To validate their pathogenetic role we performed viability and invasion assays on HCT116 cell line transfected with mimics or inhibitors of the mentioned microRNAs, with observable changes in viability and invasion. Furthermore, to determine the altered signaling induced by these microRNAs, we performed western blotting for phospho S6 on HCT116 cells transfected with mimic and inhibitor of the above-mentioned microRNAs with observable differences.
Conclusion: In the current study we have shown that both microRNA-194 and microRNA-1228 alteration was correlated with the presence of advanced colon cancer, a fact that was further validated in vitro through an invasion assay. Moreover, we have also shown that their effect might be mediated through phospho S6 expression.
Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Functional Dyspepsia and their Overlap in Bulgaria: a Population-Based Study
Authors: Nakov Radislav , Dimitrova-Yurukova Desislava , Snegarova Violeta , Uzunova Milena , Lyutakov Ivan , Ivanova Monika , Madzharova Katerina , Valkov Hristo , Hristova Rumiana , Ivanov Krasen , Kosturkov Ilko , Valcheva Gergana , Nakov Nikolas , Nakov Ventsislav 
Published: September 2020

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), and their overlap syndrome (OS) in the Bulgarian population and to assess the risk factors associated with these disorders.
Methods: We sent an internet-based survey to Bulgarian adults. The survey collected data on socio- demographic, behavioral and lifestyle characteristics, and diagnostic questions following the Rome IV criteria to assess IBS, FD and their overlap occurrence.
Results: Data was collected from 1,896 individuals (mean age = 35.5 years, 18-65, SD=11.7), 73.1% females. The prevalence of IBS was 20% (14% were with predominant constipation, 32% with predominant diarrhea, 52% had IBS with mixed bowel habits, and 2% unclassified IBS). Gender (p=0.005), age (p<0.001), marital status (p=0.009), occupation (p=0.001), alcohol consumption (p=0.013), sexual problems (p<0.001), FD (p<0.001), and milk intolerance (p<0.001) were significantly associated with IBS. Females (p=0.032; OR: 1.50), patients with FD (p<0.001; OR: 104.98), sexual problems (p= 0.001; ОR: 1.55 ), and milk intolerance (p<0.001; OR: 2.22) are at a higher risk of having IBS. The prevalence of FD was 12.7% (39% had postprandial distress syndrome, 33% epigastric pain syndrome, and 28% had the overlapping variant). Patients with IBS (p<0.001; OR: 127.88) and milk intolerance (p<0.001) were significantly associated with FD prevalence. The prevalence of OS was 11.7%. Gender (p=0.013), milk intolerance (p<0.001, OR: 1.65), urinary (p=0.035) and sexual problems (p<0.001, ОR: 1.80) were associated with OS prevalence.
Conclusion: This is the first study to estimate the prevalence of IBS, FD, and their OS and assess the behavioral and demographic risk factors associated with these disorders in the Bulgarian population. Our results are valuable in filling in the epidemiological data gap regarding IBS, FD, and OS in Eastern Europe.
POEM: Five Years of Experience in a Single East European Center
Authors: Tefas Cristian , Boroș Carina , Ciobanu Lidia , Surdea-Blaga Teodora , Tanțău Alina , Tanțău Marcel 
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims: Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder with many available therapies. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a therapeutic alternative to surgical myotomy, harboring significant potential short term advantages. Our aim was to analyze a single-series POEM’s learning curve, safety and efficiency over short, medium and long-terms in an East European Center.
Methods: This observational, prospective study was carried out in the Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Patients with symptomatic achalasia (Eckardt score>3) and pre-op evaluations consistent with the diagnosis of achalasia were included. All POEMs were performed by a highly skilled endoscopist. All patients were allowed to eat 48 hours after POEM. An esophagography was performed in all patients to exclude any leakage. The patients were asked to return for follow-up at established intervals: 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter.
Results: 136 patients were included with an average duration of symptomatology of 36.75 months. The procedure was technically successful in all patients, while a clinical success rate was achieved in 87.5% (n=119) of patients after one POEM session. The success rate was 92.64% after 6 months, 91.17% after one year, 88.9% after 2 years, and 87.5% after 3 years or more; 12.5% of patients required additional treatment. Eighteen patients (13.23%) presented major early complications. Gastroesophageal reflux disease was encountered in 16 patients immediately after POEM and in 22 patients at subsequent follow-ups.
Conclusion: POEM is a safe and effective minimally invasive therapeutic option which can substitute surgical myotomy, having a high success rate and a low rate of adverse events in short, medium and long-term.
Late Neonatal Sepsis with Acute Haematogenous Osteomyelitis Foci: Clinical Case
Authors: Manucharyan Marietta V. , Turti Tatiana V. , Belyaeva Irina A. , Privalova Tatiana E. , Makarova Ludmila M. , Ovsyannikova Marina A. 
Published: September 2020

Background. The incidence of sepsis among newborns ranges from 1–12 to 38 per 1,000 live births in the world according to scientific literature [1, 2]. The clinical case demonstrates the features of the newborn organism sensitivity and the therapeutic and diagnostic process difficulties.Clinical case description. The boy was born on the 37th week of gestation, 1st of twins, with body weight 3330 g, height 51 cm, APGAR score 8/9 points. He was on breastfeeding. His condition has deteriorated rapidly on the 9th day of life. The condition was severe due to intoxication syndrome, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) manifestation, further development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Severe pain syndrome and movement restraint in limbs have appeared on the 20th day of life. X-ray imaging: NEC signs, multiple osteomyelitis foci in the limbs.Conclusion. Modern adequate diagnosis and justified treatment tactics have led to positive outcome: child’s condition has improved, body weight has increased, pain syndrome has been managed, the volume of movements in the limbs has increased, inflammatory markers have stabilised. The child was discharged from hospital in satisfactory condition at the age of 2 months.
Susceptibility Pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoeae towards Cefixime and Ceftriaxone using Kirby-Bauer Method in Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang
Authors: Setyowatie Lita , SHW Tantari , Yulian Inneke 
Published: September 2020

Background: Gonorrhea remains the second most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world with an increasing number of cases. Oral cefixime and IM ceftriaxone are still the mainstay therapy for gonorrhea in Indonesia. However, previous studies suggested possible resistance to ceftriaxone and cefixime, which are the first-line treatment of gonorrhea. To date, there are no data available regarding the susceptibility of these antibiotics for the treatment of gonorrhea in Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital (RSSA) Malang. Purpose: Determine susceptibility pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoeaetowards cefixime and ceftriaxone in RSSA Malang. Methods: The samples were patients of the Outpatient Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology Department with a symptom of discharge which contained Gram-negative diplococcus after Gram staining and had a positive culture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Susceptibility testing for cefixime and ceftriaxone antibiotics were performed using the Kirby-Bauer method. The data are presented in percentages. Result: Antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that 80.77% of Neisseria gonorrhoeaeisolates were still susceptible to cefixime, and 80.77% of isolates were still susceptible to ceftriaxone. Conclusion: Cefixime and ceftriaxone are still effective as gonorrhea therapy in RSSA Malang.