bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19: Determining the perception, anxiety, and behavior change during a pandemic outbreak in Bangladesh.
Authors: Ripon Rezaul Karim , Mim Sadia sultana , Mulder C.L. C.L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: With the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak worldwide, many people were advised to maintain specific precautionary measures for not catching the disease. The objectives of this study were to assess the perception, anxiety and behavior change of a population in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A total of 6400 individuals comprised the population of this study. Subjects were respondents to an online questionnaire that was administered through social media. The questionnaire included items on personal information; nine items about participants' recent behaviors’, 42 items were used to assess how people perceived coronavirus outbreaks. Six out of the 42 items assessed whether participants believed certain actions can reduce their risk of catching corona virus. Anxiety was assessed using a six-item version of the list of valid state-specific concerns [The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)] scale. Data were collected and analyzed by regression analyses on a SPSS program. Results: 60% of participants (n= 3840) reported performing change any avoidance behavior (social event or crowd place, mass transport, go to shop). 64% (n=4096) had carried out any change of any recommended behavior (using mask and tissue, disinfecting used things, washing hands, maintaining social distance, maintaining isolation). 0.3% (n=1920) scored 18 or more on the anxiety scale, suggesting high anxiety. The strongest predictor of behavior change (recommended and avoidance) was "having a chronic illness’’. Participants who had carried out one or more recommended behaviors’ had significantly higher levels of "trust in government” odds ratio: 2.33, 95% CI: 2.07-2.61. Similarly, participants who had carried out one or more avoidance behaviors also had significantly higher levels of "trust in government" (1.90, 1.72-2.10). Conclusion: If the government and health care workers become aware of such findings, measures and policies can be taken to alleviate the resultant sufferings.
Research on Lapping Technology for Beryllium Rotor of ESG
Authors: Ya-Fei Wang , Xue-feng Xiong , Liang Guo , Peng Huang , Chao Tuo , Cong-wu Duan , Chu-quan Deng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the process parameters such as the diameter of the cups, the rotation speed of the cups, and the lapping pressure are optimized through the simulation analysis of the lapping process parameters in the four cup lapping action and the analysis of the statics of the beryllium rotor. A four cup lapping platform for a beryllium rotor was built, and the four-axis motion control was realized through a programming method based on LabVIEW. Cups with three surface materials were developed by using vapor deposition and other methods, and lapping experiment were conducted for cups with different materials and granularity. Finally, a beryllium rotor with a surface roughness of 80nm was obtained through the design and processing of the process route, and an ultra-precision lapping process for the ESG beryllium rotor was obtained.
Epidemiological study on the relationship among menopausal condition, bone fragility, and knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Sasaki Eiji , Chiba Daisuke , Ota Seiya , Kimura Yuka , Sasaki Shizuka , Yamamoto Yuji , Oishi Maika , Iino Kaori , Ando Masataka , Kumagai Mika , Tsuda Eiichi , Ishibashi Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) occurs more often in middle-aged females. While this age-group experiences comorbid osteoporosis with menopause, its influence on KOA has not been clarified. This epidemiological study aimed to investigate the relationship between menopausal conditions, bone mineral density (BMD), and KOA. Methods: A total of 518 female volunteers who participated in the Iwaki cohort study were enrolled and divided into groups (pre- and post-menopause). Antimullerian hormone (AMH) was measured as a predictive marker for menopause in the pre-menopausal subjects. Weight-bearing anterior-posterior knee radiographs were classified by Kellgren-Lawrence grade, and grade ≥ 2 was defined as definitive KOA (DKOA). Early KOA (EKOA) was defined by Luyten’s criteria, and BMD was measured at a distal radius. The relationship between menopausal condition, BMD, and KOA was analyzed by ROC and regression analysis. Results: Fifty-two participants (10.0%) were diagnosed with EKOA and 204 (39.4%) with DKOA. A total of 393 (75.9%) females began menopause, and the prevalence of DKOA was up to 48.1% and >12.0% in pre-menopause females (p < 0.001, Odds ratio: 6.79). From the ROC analysis in pre-menopausal females, cut-off value of AMH for detecting EKOA was 0.08 ng/ml (AUC: 0.712, p5%CI: 0.527 to 0.897, p-value: 0.025, Odds ratio: 8.28). Regression analysis showed that lower AMH was related to EKOA (p=0.035, Odds ratio: 5.55) and DKOA (p=0.032, Odds 1.59), and lower BMD and high turnover bone metabolism were correlated with DKOA. Conclusions: KOA increased after menopause and was correlated with lower BMD. Furthermore, reduction in AMH was a valuable biomarker for the detection of EKOA.
Study of Parents’ KAP regarding their Children’s Oral Health and the Factors that Influence Children’s Risk of Dental Caries
Authors: Xu Lili , Tian Jing , Wang Huiyu , Shao Changhui , Wu Yibo , Yang Zaimu , Guo Dingding , Liu Xinyan , Xiao Jiaqing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Caries can harm children’s physical health, mental health, and overall development. To understand the factors that influence children’s risk of dental caries and the status of dental caries among children in Beijing, China, aged 3–5 years and to determine parents' KAP regarding their children’s oral health.Methods: The research subjects were parents who accompanied their children to a hospital for dental examination, and parents who attended community-based oral-health consultations. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Overall, 41.4% of the children had dental caries. The parents had high demand for dental-caries-related knowledge, and were willing to receive such knowledge from a variety of sources. Logistic regression models showed that factors that impact children’s caries were the mother’s educational background, whether parents regularly acquire oral-health knowledge, and whether children have a dental examination each year.Conclusion: In Beijing, approximately half of the children aged 3–5 years have dental caries. Parents have good knowledge and attitudes regarding their children’s oral health, but their associated actions are insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to provide parents with assistance regarding managing children’s oral health.
Effect of AK098656 on association of hypertension with coronary stenosis severity in coronary heart disease patients
Authors: Wang Xin , Wu Ya-li , Zhang Yuan-yuan , Ke Jing , Zhang Bao-yu , Ma Yan , Yang Long-yan , Zhao Dong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: AK098656 may be an adverse factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), especially in patients with hypertension. This study aimed to analyze the effect of AK098656 on CHD and CHD with various complications.Methods: A total of 117 CHD patients and 27 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Plasma AK098656 expression was determined using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Student’s t-test was used to compare AK098656 expression levels in different groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to quantify the discrimination ability between CHD patients and health controls and between CHD and CHD+complications patients. The relationship between AK098656 and coronary stenosis was analyzed using Spearman’s correlation.Results: AK098656 expression was remarkably higher in CHD patients than in healthy controls (P=0.03). The ROC curve revealed an effective predictive AK098656 expression value for CHD risk, with an AUC of 0.656 (95% CI: 0.501–0.809). Moreover, AK098656 expression was increased in CHD+complications patients compared to CHD patients alone (P=0.005), especially in patients with hypertension (CHD+HHTN, P=0.030). The ROC curve revealed a predictive AK098656 prognostic value for discriminating between CHD and CHD+HHTN patients, with an AUC of 0.666 (95% CI: 0.528–0.805). There was no significant difference in AK098656 expression in CHD patients with diabetes mellitus compared to CHD patients alone. In addition, AK098656 expression in CHD patients was positively correlated with stenosis severity (R=0.261, P=0.006).Conclusion: AK098656 expression was significantly increased in patients with CHD, especially those with hypertension, and its expression level was positively correlated with the degree of coronary stenosis. This implied that AK098656 may be a risk factor for CHD and can potentially be applied in clinical diagnosis or provide a novel target for treatment.
Scalable additive manufacturing via integral image formation
Authors: Kim Seok , Handler Jordan , Cho Young Tae , Barbastathis George , Fang Nicholas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Additive manufacturing techniques are used to fabricate functional microstructures with customised mechanical and chemical properties. One common technique is projection microstereolithography, which has recently been developed to support smaller features, larger build areas, and/or faster speeds. The limitation of such systems is that they typically utilise a single-aperture imaging configuration, which restricts their ability to produce microstructures in large volumes owing to the tradeoff between image resolution and image field area. In this paper, we propose an integral lithography technique based on integral image reconstruction coupled with a planar lens array. The individual microlenses in the planar lens array maintain a high numerical aperture and are employed to create digital light patterns that can expand the printable area by the number of microlenses (10^3-10^4). The proposed lens array-based integral imaging system can simultaneously scale up and scale down incoming image fields, thereby allowing for the scalable stereolithographic fabrication of three-dimensional features that surpass the resolution-to-area scaling limit. We extend the printing capability of integral lithography to fabricate deterministic nonperiodic structures through the rotational overlapping or stacking of multiple exposures with controlled angular offsets. The proposed system provides new possibilities for producing periodic and deterministic aperiodic microarchitectures spanning four orders of magnitude from micrometres to centimetres. These microarchitectures can be applied to biological scaffolds, chemical reactors, functional surfaces, and metastructures.
Should Open Surgery or Conservative Management be the Choice for Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy during COVID-19 Pandemic in a Resource-Poor Setting? A Case Series from India.
Authors: Pednekar Rahi , Mahajan Niraj N , Tirkey Deepika , Kulkarni Geeta , Pandey Ankita , Mahale Smita , Gajbhiye Rahul 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Buerger's disease: autoimmune disease involving multiple hypersensitivity types
Authors: Zheng Ping , Wang Wanchao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Buerger’s disease is an autoimmune disease? And what is the immunological pathogenesis？It has not been deeply researched but still attracts the attention of scholars. In our early study we reported that TAO may be an autoimmune disease involving hypersensitivity Type III & Type IV. In this study we further explored the immune pathogenesis of TAO based on initial research. We detected humoral immunity (Ig E) in 28 cases using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antigen-antibody complex depositing on the vessel wall in 18 cases, and anti-vessel antibodies in 28 cases using three kinds of immune-labeling techniques (immunofluorescence labeling, immunoenzymatic staining and immuno-gold-silver staining). The result shows Ig E levels were significantly high (P<0.01). As high as 86% of anti-vessel antibodies in serum were found (P<0.001), and the auto-antibodies against the vessel were combined directly with vascular collagen. Antigen-antibody complexes deposited on the vascular wall. These findings further confirm TAO is an autoimmune disease involving multiple hypersensitivity reactions. This is mainly Type III hypersensitivity and type II in addition to type IV. The elevated Ig E suggest that TAO may a type I hypersensitivity involved.
A Novel Automated Method for COVID-19 Infection and Lung Segmentation using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Mishra Shreyas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic first originated in Wuhan, China and has spread to every country in the world. Without a viable cure in the near future, there is an urgent need for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19, faster test results and automated segmentation of infected region in the lungs. The aim of this paper is to assist in the rapid detection and segmentation of COVID-19 patients using deep learning techniques. This paper proposes a method for automatic segmentation of the lung and infected regions of COVID 19 patients using lung CT scan dataset. This has been done using a modified U-Net model along with different cross validation folds. The region of infection which is segmented will contain the lesion, which if identified in the early stages can be beneficial during treatment of the person. This can help doctors to determine the severity of the infection and suggest treatments based on it. A comparative analysis of the proposed architectures has been done against recently published results which proves the superiority of our models in terms of dice similarity coefficients.
Homologies between SARS-CoV-2 and allergen proteins may direct T cell-mediated heterologous immune responses
Authors: Balz Kathrin , Chen Meng , Kaushik Abhinav , Cemic Franz , Heger Vanessa , Renz Harald , Nadeau Kari , Skevaki Chrysanthi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of the new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency. Asthma does not represent a risk factor for COVID-19 in several published cohorts. We hypothesized that the SARS-CoV-2 proteome contains T cell epitopes, which are potentially cross-reactive to allergen epitopes. We aimed at identifying homologous peptide sequences by means of two distinct complementary bioinformatics approaches. Pipeline 1 included prediction of MHC Class I and Class II epitopes contained in the SARS-CoV-2 proteome and allergens along with alignment and elaborate ranking approaches. Pipeline 2 involved alignment of SARS-CoV-2 overlapping peptides with known allergen-derived T cell epitopes. Our results indicate a large number of MHC Class I epitope pairs including known as well as de novo predicted allergen T cell epitopes with high probability for cross-reactivity. Allergen sources, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, Phleum pratense and Dermatophagoides species are of particular interest due to their association with multiple cross-reactive candidate peptides, independently of the applied bioinformatic approach. In contrast, peptides derived from food allergens, as well as MHC class II epitopes did not achieve high in silico ranking and were therefore not further investigated. Our findings warrant further experimental confirmation along with examination of the functional importance of such cross-reactive responses.
Coping and Mental Health in Early Adolescence during COVID-19
Authors: Hussong Andrea M. , Midgette Allegra J. , Thomas Taylor E. , Coffman Jennifer L. , Cho Su 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The current longitudinal study examines changes in overall mental health symptomatology from before to after the COVID-19 outbreak in youth from the southeastern United States as well as the potential mitigating effects of self-efficacy, optimism, and coping. A sample of 105 parent-child dyads participated in the study (49% boys; 81% European American, 1% Alaska Native/American Indian, 9% Asian/Asian American; 4% Black/African American; 4% Latinx; and 4% other; 87% mothers; 25% high school graduate without college education; 30% degree from 4-year college; 45% graduate or professional school). Parents completed surveys when children were aged 6-9, 8-12, 9-13, and 12-16, with the last assessments occurring between May 13, 2020 and July 1, 2020 during the COVID-19 outbreak. Children also completed online surveys at ages 11-16 assessing self-efficacy, optimism, and coping. Multi-level modeling analyses showed a within-person increase in mental health symptoms from before to after the outbreak after controlling for changes associated with maturation. Symptom increases were mitigated in youth with greater self-efficacy and (to some extent) problem-focused engaged coping, and exacerbated in youth with greater emotion-focused engaged and disengaged coping. Implications of this work include the importance of reinforcing self-efficacy in youth during times of crisis, such as the pandemic, and the potential downsides of emotion-focused coping as an early response to the crisis for youth.
IEF2C: A novel AI-powered framework for suspected COVID-19 patient detection and contact tracing in smart cities
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Azazur , Mahmud Md. Tareq , Rahman Md. Obaidur 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has found as a climacteric pandemic that spreads from human-to-human through contiguity. It is not possible to control the virus properly because its vaccine has not been discovered yet. As of now, various contact tracing approaches are being taken to contain the spread of the virus by breaking its transmission chain. Recently, few technologies are being exploited for contact tracing such as geological location, Bluetooth and google maps. Governments of some countries have already launched contact tracing applications to identify the close contact people of COVID-19 positive patients.However, these methods may not be effective without a huge amount of testing facility since the tracing action starts when a COVID-19 testing result is found positive. In this paper, we have proposed a novel AI-powered data management framework for smart city named IoT-to-Edge-to-Fog-to-cloudlet-to-Cloud (IEF2C) data management framework which will be exploited to identify the COVID-19 suspected patients in smart cities and also be used to inform the surrounding people about the suspected patient. The proposed framework is isolated into five layers which have different tasks such as data collection, processing, authentication and storage. The framework will bring all the citizens under a common platform as well as will ensure the user and device mobility. It will mitigate the information gap by helping concerned authorities and users to take proper steps in such a pandemic era.
Lifecycle cost optimization of pipeline projects
Authors: Al-Khomairi Abdulrahman , Jung BongSeog , Elsebaie Ibrahim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lifecycle cost optimization for a pipeline network with medium-sized pipes is performed considering steady and unsteady flow conditions. Genetic algorithms are used to generate a wide range of hydraulically acceptable solutions and search for the most economical solutions. The impact of each cost component on the total cost is determined in this study. The decision variables include the pipe diameter, pipe material, pipe pressure rating, surge tank size and operational and maintenance costs over the project service life. A real-case project is presented to crosscheck the suggested procedure. Significant cost variations are observed, even between equally acceptable designs. Furthermore, the operational cost has a deterministic effect on the parameters of the optimum solution. Compared to conventional design wisdom that focuses on reducing the pipe diameter as much as possible to reduce the project cost, this approach demonstrates that significant savings in pipeline project costs can be achieved by carefully investigating all possible design alternatives under steady and unsteady flow conditions.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) factors associated with growth between birth and 1 year of age in children in Soweto, South Africa: results from the Soweto Baby WASH study
Authors: Momberg D. J. , Voth-Gaeddert L. E. , Ngandu B. C. , Richter L. , May J. , Norris S. A. , Said-Mohamed R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Interventions to reduce undernutrition and improve child growth have incorporated improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) as part of disease transmission prevention strategies. Knowledge gaps still exist, namely, when and which WASH factors are determinants for growth faltering, and when WASH interventions are most effective at improving growth. This study drew cross-sectional data from a longitudinal cohort study and used hierarchical regression analyses to assess associations between WASH factors: water index, sanitation, hygiene index, and growth: height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ) at 1, 6, and 12 months postpartum among infants a priori born healthy in Soweto, Johannesburg. Household access to sanitation facilities that were not safely managed was associated with a decrease in HAZ scores at 1 month (β = −2.24) and 6 months (β = −0.96); a decrease in WAZ at 1 month (β = −1.21), 6 months (β = −1.57), and 12 months (β = −1.92); and finally, with WHZ scores at 12 months (β = −1.94). Counterintuitively, poorer scores on the hygiene index were associated with an increase at 1 month for both HAZ (β = 0.53) and WAZ (β = 0.44). Provision of safely managed sanitation at household and community levels may be required before improvements in growth-related outcomes are obtained.
Analysis of critical parameters of flow and solute transport in porous media
Authors: Agarwal Pooja , Sharma Pramod Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Groundwater has immense importance when it comes to sustaining agricultural and domestic water demand. However, improper use of groundwater has led to drastic increase in its contamination. For efficient management of groundwater it is important to have a thorough understanding of parameters that influence the groundwater flow and solute transport. In this study, HYDRUS-1D/2D software is used to analyse the effect of critical parameters that influence the behaviour of solute in groundwater flow and its transport under different soil conditions. Also, single porosity and dual porosity approaches are discussed with their respective sensitive parameters. Parameter variations are illustrated in the forms of concentration contours of the solute spread and the breakthrough curves obtained over the flow period. The results of this work can be useful in analysing flow and solute behaviour in the vadose zone.