bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical quality by design approach for the control of potentially counterfeit chloroquine with some NSAIDS using HPLC with fluorescence detection in pharmaceutical preparation and breast milk
Authors: Hassan Said A. , Ibrahim Noha , Elzanfaly Eman S. , El Gendy Ahmed E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChloroquine phosphate (CQ) the antimalarial drug and suggested to treat the pandemic disease coronavirus (COVID-19) is often adulterated with some of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as paracetamol, aspirin (ASP), or both. The purpose of this study is to detect such counterfeited drugs, using a reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with fluorescence detection. Analysis was divided into three phases. In the first phase, a Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was used to screen five independent factors, namely, buffer pH, buffer concentration (mM), acetonitrile content (%), flow rate (mL/min) and triethylamine (TEA) content in the buffer preparation (%). The selected dependent variables were (resolution, symmetry of peaks and run time). The objective of the second phase was to optimize the method performance using Box-Behnken design (BBD) and desirability function for multiple response optimization to obtain the best chromatographic performance with the shortest run time. Optimal chromatographic separation was achieved on a YMC-pack pro C18 ODS-A column (15 cm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) at room temperature The optimum mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 5 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer containing 0.5% triethyamine (30:70, v/v) with the pH adjusted to 3.5 using an orthophosphoric acid solution. The flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min, and the detection was performed with a fluorescence detector fixed at 380 nm (λemission) after excitation at 335 nm (λexcitation). The third phase was method validation according to ICH guidelines, providing to be specific, precise, accurate, and robust. The method is linear over a range of 0.4–8 µg/mL for chloroquine and ASP, while for paracetamol it is linear over 16–48 µg/mL. The developed RP-HPLC method was used for quantitation of the three drugs in chloroquine dosage form samples. The method shows a great tendency in the classification between the genuine chloroquine and the adulterated ones in pharmaceutical preparations and breast milk.
DINAMIKA MUKA LAUT DI PESISIR KABALUTAN, TELUK TOMINI
Authors: Puspita Candra Dwi 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK Pesisir Kabalutan yang berada dalam Teluk Tomini merupakan tempat bermukim dari Suku Bajo, yang umum membangun rumah di atas perairan atau di atas permukaan laut, sehingga dikhawatirkan apabila terjadi kenaikan muka air laut akan menenggelamkan permukiman. Kajian karakteristik pasang surut di lokasi permukiman dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi dalam melihat respon lingkungan fisik perairan berupa dinamika muka laut sesaat terhadap isu dampak perubahan iklim, yakni kenaikan muka air laut.Kajian mengambil 4 stasiun observasi yang dianggap mewakili daerah kajian dan juga untuk melihat karakteristik sekitar daerah kajian yang kemudian dilakukan komputasi komponen harmonik pasang surut menggunakan data satelit altimetri TOPEX/Poseidon. Berdasarkan komponen harmonik tersebut, dilakukan prediksi dinamika pasang surut sesaat dan prediksi dinamika pasang surut untuk 25 tahun mendatang. Data batimetri yang digunakan sebagai referensi adalah diekstraksi dari GEBCO (2008) yang beresolusi 30 arcsec. Skenario untuk simulasi prediksi kenaikan muka air laut diturunkan dari dokumen laporan sintesis IPCC (2007) dengan penambahan beberapa asumsi terkait dengan pemilihan pilot lokasi kajian.Hasil kajian menunjukkan kondisi pasang surut di Kabalutan, Teluk Tomini mempunyai tipe campuran cenderung semidiurnal dan tinggi maksimum muka laut maksimum ~0.9612 m, minimum ~-0.8576 m, dan tunggang ~1.8188 m. Dengan asumsi apabila terjadi kenaikan muka air laut yang kontinyu pada setiap tahunnya, maka diperoleh formulasi logaritmik (y = 0.148ln(x) + 0.736), sedangkan secara kondisi harmonik normal, maka diperoleh formulasi polinomial (y = 7E-13x5 + 3E-10x4 - 3E-07x3 + 5E-05x2 - 0.002x + 0.891.
O jornal impresso, a leitura crítica e a prática libertadora de Paulo Freire
Authors: Inocêncio Kellin Cristina , Martins Camila , Mesquida Peri 
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo dialoga com a importante contribuição do jornal impresso como recurso didático-pedagógico e a prática da leitura dos educandos do primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental. Destacando que o mesmo pode auxiliar na construção do ser social. Aborda-se a relação estabelecida entre eles e a prática progressista libertadora a partir dos conceitos e propostas pedagógicas do autor Paulo Freire, a qual contradiz a prática tradicional. O presente estudo contempla o espaço e recorte temporal da escola em sua contemporaneidade, dando aporte à formação autônoma e consciente do educando. A análise acerca da Pedagogia Progressista Libertadora, também denominada “Pedagogia de Paulo Freire”, se faz presente ao longo do texto com o intuito de evidenciar a importância desta para a educação brasileira, bem como seu valor social perante o processo de formação da criança. O conceito e relevância da comunicação no contexto escolar, sobretudo, de qual maneira a educomunicação, através da utilização do jornal impresso, é capaz de auxiliar a prática da leitura, viabilizando o processo de conscientização do sujeito, alinhava a exposição do conteúdo. O artigo aborda as características da educação dialógica, das práticas pedagógicas e formas de comunicação propostas por Freire, Baccega e Martin-Barbero no que tange o uso da leitura, destacando o jornal impresso como recurso pedagógico para a construção e reconstrução do conhecimento, da inserção junto à comunidade escolar e, como um todo, do processo de aquisição da leitura e consciência do educando, como também, seu papel no grupo social a que pertence.
Complementing or conflicting? How pharmacists and physicians position the community pharmacist
Authors: Rakvaag Hilde , Søreide Gunn E. , Meland Eivind , Kjome Reidun L. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and physicians in primary care has been linked to improved patient outcomes. How professionals position themselves and each other can shed light upon their relationship, and positioning theory can be used as a tool to better understand intergroup relations.
Objectives: 1) To identify how community pharmacists position themselves, and how they are positioned by general practitioners. 2) To assess how well these positions correspond, how the positions align with a proactive position for the pharmacists, and discuss how the positions could potentially impact collaboration.
Methods: In this qualitative study, data were collected through six focus group interviews held between June and October 2019, three with pharmacists and three with physicians. The focus group interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the Systematic text condensation method. Positioning theory was used as a theoretical framework to identify the positions assigned to community pharmacists by the pharmacists themselves and by the physicians.
Results: Twelve pharmacists and ten physicians participated. The pharmacists positioned themselves as the “last line of defense”, “bridge-builders”, “outsiders” – with responsibility, but with a lack of information and authority – and “practical problem solvers”. The physicians positioned pharmacists as “a useful checkpoint”, “non-clinicians” and “unknown”.
Conclusions: The study revealed both commonalities and disagreements in how community pharmacists position themselves and are positioned by general practitioners. Few of the positions assigned to pharmacists by the physicians support an active role for the pharmacists, while the pharmacists´ positioning of themselves is more diverse. The physicians´ positioning of pharmacists as an unknown group represents a major challenge for collaboration. Increasing the two professions´ knowledge of each other may help produce new positions that are more coordinated, and thus more supportive towards collaboration.
La dépendance de l’Afrique de l’Ouest aux importations de produits laitiers
Authors: CHATELLIER Vincent 
Published: September 2020

Le secteur laitier mondial connaît un développement soutenu en raison de l’augmentation des besoins en produits laitiers d’une population en croissance et d’un changement progressif des régimes alimentaires. Cet article s’intéresse à la place des pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest dans la « planète laitière ». L’analyse mobilise pour ce faire, d’une part, les données statistiques de la FAO sur une longue période (1961 à 2017) et, d’autre part, les statistiques des douanes de 2000 à 2018 pour les données mondiales (base de données « BACI ») et de 2000 à 2019 pour les données européennes (base de données « COMEXT »). Si la consommation de produits laitiers par habitant et par an est encore faible dans de nombreux pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, comparativement aux pays industrialisés, les besoins globaux en produits laitiers augmentent rapidement sous l’effet de la croissance démographique. En raison de nombreuses difficultés (climat, qualité des sols, faible productivité des animaux, manque d’investissement...), le développement de la production laitière en Afrique de l’Ouest (5,8 milliards de litres en 2017 pour seize pays, soit l’équivalent de la production de la Bretagne) n’est pas suffisant pour faire face aux besoins locaux. Les importations de cette zone en produits laitiers se font pour un peu plus des deux tiers en provenance de l’UE, dont les exportations ont fortement augmenté depuis une dizaine d’années (fin des quotas de production). Ces importations concernent à 40 % des mélanges de lait écrémé et de matière grasse végétale en poudre (à base d’huile de palme), un produit qui bénéficie d’un prix compétitif et qui n’est que très faiblement taxé à l’entrée dans les pays de l’Afrique de l’Ouest.
POTENSI PEMANFAATAN DAUN PEGAGAN DAN PATI JAGUNG MENJADI BEDAK DINGIN
Authors: Nuryati Nuryati , Lestari Ema , Ludiah Naca Susana 
Published: September 2020

Pegagan plant (Centella asiatica (L) Urban) is one of the medicinal plant that has many benefits, so it attracts the attention of experts to research and develop it in the context of exploring new drugs that come from nature. The porpose of researc was to formulate between pegagan leaves and corn patch in the manufacture of cold flour and characterize pegagan leaves and corn patch. The research of method was carried out, making corn starch, making cold powder, and the tests carried out were hedonic tests, irritation tests and adhesion tes,. The results obtained from the Hedonic power test from the best treatment are the colors for F1 treatment which is 3.87, F1 texture which is 4.20 and aroma at F3 which is 5. Adhesion test results obtained are 182.49 seconds of F1 action, and irritation test in F1 treatment, it was found to be negative (-) or no irritation.
EXPLORATORY STUDY OF NEAR AND SUPERCRITICAL CARBONDIOXIDE WARM PASTEURIZATION ON NILE TILAPIA
Authors: Sugiharto Sugeng Pondang , Bintoro Nursigit , Karyadi Joko Nugroho Wahyu , Pranoto Yudi 
Published: September 2020

Effects of both near critical and supercritical CO2 pasteurization on inactivation of muscle protease and lipase of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated along with its impact on microbial reduction and physical appearance. Near critical phase was designed at 70 bar and supercritical phases were designed at 80 and 90 bar. It was found that CO2 pressure had greater effect on protease inactivation than on lipase inactivation. Temperature increase did not improve both protease and lipase inactivation while fillet texture was adversely affected. The fillet color experienced color changes significantly.
Ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 in Iran: challenges and signs of concern with under-reporting of prevalence and deaths
Authors: Ghafari Mahan , Hejazi Bardia , Karshenas Arman , Dascalu Stefan , Ferretti Luca , Ledda Alice , Khosravi Mohammad Ali , Abbasalipour Maryam , Zeinali Sirous , Katzourakis Aris 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Many countries with an early outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 struggled to gauge the size and start date of the epidemic mainly due to limited testing capacities and a large proportion of undetected asymptomatic and mild infections. Iran was among the first countries with a major outbreak outside China. Using all genomic sequences collected from patients with a travel link to Iran, we estimate that the epidemic started on 21/01/2020 (95% HPD: 05/12/2019 – 14/02/2020) with a doubling time of 3 days (95% HPD: 1.68 – 16.27). We also show, using air travel data from confirmed exported cases, that from late February to early March the number of active cases across the country were more than a hundred times higher than the reported cases at the time. A detailed province-level analysis of all-cause mortality shows 20,718 (CI 95%: 18,859 – 22,576) excess deaths during winter and spring 2020 compared to previous years, almost twice the number of reported COVID-19-related deaths at the time. Correcting for under-reporting of prevalence and deaths, we use an SEIR model to reconstruct the outbreak dynamics in Iran. Our model forecasted the second epidemic peak and suggests that by 14/07/2020 a total of 9M (CI 95%: 118K – 44M) have recovered from the disease across the country. These findings have profound implications for assessing the stage of the epidemic in Iran and shed light on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions in Iran and central Asia despite significant levels of under-reporting.
A mix methods evaluation of the effectiveness of a group-based prenatal yoga programme on perceived stress in pregnant women
Authors: Akmese Zehra Baykal , Güneri Sezer Er 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Yoga is recommended as a behavioural self-management strategy for stress. However, the evidence of how it affects women's stress perception is not much studied. Hence the present study was taken to assess the perceived stress score and to explore the experiences of pregnant women of stress management before and after prenatal yoga programme according to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome Theory.
Methods

This study was made using concurrent triangulation mixed method design. Quantitative part of the study was made pretest-posttest with control group experimental study, qualitative part of the study was made phenomenological method. Quantitative data were gathered from 31 pregnant women in both yoga and control groups. As for qualitative data, 21 and 15 pregnant women were interviewed in the first and second interviews, respectively. Pregnant Woman Description Form was used as a data collection tool; a visual analogue scale was used for measuring stress score; and the interviews were made through Semi-Structured Interview Form. The themes were determined according to the stages of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome Theory. Thematic approach was used to assess the data.
Results

The difference among the first, second and third visual analogue scale stress perception mean scores of pregnant women in the prenatal yoga programme and control groups was statistically significant. The women mostly used the expressions relaxation, decrease in stress perception and learning to cope with stress to describe stress perception after prenatal yoga programme. All women told that their stress perception decreased, and they learned how to cope with stress in pregnancy.
Discussion

This study demonstrated yoga was acceptable to stressed pregnant women. There was a significant decrease in stress perception of pregnant women. The women had a chance to express the physical and mental effects of yoga on stress management.
How do demographic variables affect pregnant women’s perceptions of obstetrics forceps: a cross sectional study
Authors: Hitt Jasmine M , Martin Angela S. , Dietrich Jordan E. , Ahmed Natasha , Gene Lee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Women’s attitudes towards obstetric forceps likely contribute to declining use and opportunities for residency training, but formal documentation of women’s attitudes towards obstetric forceps is currently limited. A clearer understanding should help guide our attempts to preserve its use in modern obstetrics and to improve residency training. Our objective is to document women’s attitudes towards obstetric forceps and the influence basic demographic variables have on those attitudes.
Methods

A cross sectional study was performed. We developed a one-time anonymous structured 5-question survey that was given to all low-risk patients presenting to our medical center for prenatal care between October 2018 - December 2018. The questionnaire asked for the patient’s self-reported age, race, education level, and insurance type. The five questions were as follows: (1) Do you think forceps should be use to deliver babies, (2) Are forceps safe for the baby, (3) Are forceps safe for the mother, (4) Do you think forceps can help to lower the cesarean section rate, (5) Do you think training physicians should learn to place forceps on a live-model. We calculated the means and proportions for the responses according to the overall group and various subgroups. Statistical analysis included Kruskall Wallis, Mann-Whitney tests as appropriate. Results were also adjusted by regression using a Generalized Linear Model. The power calculation showed the sample size required was 384.
Results

A total of 499 patients returned the questionnaire. The response rate was 56.8% (499/878). The findings suggest that patient perceptions towards forceps are generally negative. Women with white ethnicity, college education or higher, and private insurance did have more favorable views than their counterparts, but the majority still had unfavorable views. Age was not shown to have a significant effect on maternal attitude.
Conclusion

Women’s views towards forcep use at the University of Kansas Medical Center are negative and may be contributing to the decline of forcep use. Improving patient perception of forceps would require multiple different strategies rather than a single focused easily-implemented message. If forceps training continues, such training will rely on a minority of women who will accept forceps use in their delivery.
Modeling COVID-19 with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells Reveals Synergistic Effects of Anti-inflammatory Macrophages with ACE2 Inhibition Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Duan Fuyu , Guo Liyan , Yang Liuliu , Han Yuling , Thakur Abhimanyu , Nilsson-Payant Benjamin E. , Wang Pengfei , Zhang Zhao , Ma Chui Yan , Zhou Xiaoya , Han Teng , Zhang Tuo , Wang Xing , Xu Dong , Duan Xiaohua , Xiang Jenny , Tse Hung-fat , Liao Can , Luo Weiren , Huang Fang-Ping , Chen Ya-Wen , Evans Todd , Schwartz Robert E. , tenOever Benjamin , Ho David D. , Chen Shuibing , Na Jie , Lian Qizhou , Chen Huanhuan Joyce 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Dysfunctional immune responses contribute critically to the progression of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) from mild to severe stages including fatality, with pro-inflammatory macrophages as one of the main mediators of lung hyper-inflammation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the interactions among SARS-CoV-2 permissive cells, macrophage, and the SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby offering important insights into new therapeutic strategies. Here, we used directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to establish a lung and macrophage co-culture system and model the host-pathogen interaction and immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the hPSC-derived lung cells, alveolar type II and ciliated cells are the major cell populations expressing the viral receptor ACE2 and co-effector TMPRSS2, and both were highly permissive to viral infection. We found that alternatively polarized macrophages (M2) and classically polarized macrophages (M1) had similar inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, only M1 macrophages significantly up-regulated inflammatory factors including IL-6 and IL-18, inhibiting growth and enhancing apoptosis of lung cells. Inhibiting viral entry into target cells using an ACE2 blocking antibody enhanced the activity of M2 macrophages, resulting in nearly complete clearance of virus and protection of lung cells. These results suggest a potential therapeutic strategy, in that by blocking viral entrance to target cells while boosting anti-inflammatory action of macrophages at an early stage of infection, M2 macrophages can eliminate SARS-CoV-2, while sparing lung cells and suppressing the dysfunctional hyper-inflammatory response mediated by M1 macrophages.
Quantum restricted Boltzmann machine is universal for quantum computation
Authors: Wu Yusen , Wei Chunyan , Qin Su-Juan , Wen Qiaoyan , Gao Fei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The challenge posed by the many-body problem in quantum physics originates from the difficulty of describing the nontrivial correlations encoded in the many-body wave functions with high complexity. Quantum neural network provides a powerful tool to represent the large-scale wave function, which has aroused widespread concerns in the quantum superiority era. A significant open problem is what exactly the representational power boundary of the single-layer quantum neural network is. In this paper, we design a 2-local Hamiltonian and then give a kind of Quantum Restricted Boltzmann Machine (QRBM, i.e. single-layer quantum neural network) based on it. The proposed QRBM has the following two salient features. (1) It is proved universal for implementing quantum computation tasks. (2) It can be efficiently implemented on the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. We successfully utilize the proposed QRBM to compute the wave functions for the notable cases of physical interest including the ground state as well as the Gibbs state (thermal state) of molecules on the superconducting quantum chip. The experimental results illustrate the proposed QRBM can compute the above wave functions with an acceptable error.
Cardiomegaly found in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Analysis of 115 Patients
Authors: Shankayi Zeinab , Bahrami Farideh , Mohammadzadeh Tahereh , Anvar Amineh Ghafari , Amini Hosein , Asadi M. Mehdi , Mirasheh M.Hossein , Sharti Mojtaba 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives

There is much evidence showing that most of the mortality and morbidity cases are observed in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the study on COVID 19 patients with cardiovascular diseases is required for their optimum management. The present study presents a preliminary report on the cardiomegaly of laboratory and CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in Iran. A total of 115 Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized in (confirmed by CT scan and RT-PCR) Baghiyatallah hospital participated in the present study.
Results

Thirty-three of these patients (26.8%) had cardiomegaly detected by chest CT scan. Creatinine, Urea and CRP levels of patients significantly increased based on cardiovascular disease detection. In contrast, Sodium levels reduced to below the normal in patients with cardiomegaly. Despite respiratory illness as the first symptom of COVID-19, the role of other diseases such as cardiovascular disease requires further investigation.