bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Self‐Polymerization to Form Hollow Graphitized Carbon Nanocages with Embedded Cobalt Nanoparticles for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lei Feifei , Cao Yuqing , Fu Yifang , Li Yunliang , Wang Runwei , Qiu Shilun , Zhang Zongtao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries, owing to the multi‐electron participation in the redox reaction, possess enormous energy density, which has aroused much attention. Nevertheless, the detrimental shuttle effect, volume expansion, and electrical insulation of sulfur, have hindered their application. To improve the cyclability, a functional host, consisting of Co nanoparticles and N‐doped hollow graphitized carbon (Co‐NHGC) material, is elaborated, which has the advantages of: 1) the graphitized carbon material working as an electronic matrix to improve the utilization rate of sulfur; 2) the hollow structure relieving the stress change caused by volume expansion; 3) the rich active sites catalyze the electrochemical reaction of sulfur and entrap polysulfides. These advantages significantly improve the performance of the lithium–sulfur batteries. Accordingly, the S@Co‐NHGC cathode exhibits excellent initial specific capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and excellent rate performance. This work utilizes a novel method of dopamine in situ etching of a metal–organic framework to synthetize the Co‐NHGC host of sulfur, which will hopefully provide inspiration for other energy materials.
Multifunctional Features of Organic Charge‐Transfer Complexes: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Wang Wei , Luo Lixing , Sheng Peng , Zhang Jing , Zhang Qichun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe recent progress of charge‐transfer complexes (CTCs) for application in many fields, such as charge transport, light emission, nonlinear optics, photoelectric conversion, and external stimuli response, makes them promising candidates for practical utility in pharmaceuticals, electronics, photonics, luminescence, sensors, molecular electronics and so on. Multicomponent CTCs have been gradually designed and prepared as novel organic active semiconductors with ideal performance and stability compared to single components. In this review, we mainly focus on the recently reported development of various charge‐transfer complexes and their performance in field‐effect transistors, light‐emitting devices, lasers, sensors, and stimuli‐responsive behaviors.
Chiral Chalcogenyl‐Substituted Naphthyl‐ and Acenaphthyl‐Silanes and Their Cations
Authors: Künzler Sandra , Rathjen Saskia , Rüger Katherina , Würdemann Marie S. , Wernke Marcel , Tholen Patrik , Girschik Corinna , Schmidtmann Marc , Landais Yannick , Müller Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCyclic silylated chalconium borates 13[B(C6F5)4] and 14[B(C6F5)4] with peri‐acenaphthyl and peri‐naphthyl skeletons were synthesized from unsymmetrically substituted silanes 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10 using the standard Corey protocol (Chalcogen Ch=O, S, Se, Te). The configuration at the chalcogen atom is trigonal pyramidal for Ch=S, Se, Te, leading to the formation of cis‐ and trans‐isomers in the case of phenylmethylsilyl cations. With the bulkier tert‐butyl group at silicon, the configuration at the chalcogen atoms is predetermined to give almost exclusively the trans‐configurated cyclic silylchalconium ions. The barriers for the inversion of the configuration at the sulfur atoms of sulfonium ions 13 c and 14 a are substantial (72–74 kJ mol−1) as shown by variable temperature NMR spectroscopy. The neighboring group effect of the thiophenyl substituent is sufficiently strong to preserve chiral information at the silicon atom at low temperatures.
Distributed semi‐cooperative filter for a nonlinear multi‐agent system with heterogeneous and homologous unknown inputs
Authors: Liu Changqing , Xu Yuan , Li Juan , Tuo Jianyong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the simultaneous estimation of the states and unknown inputs for a nonlinear multi‐agent system with homologous and heterogeneous unknown inputs is performed. The decentralized sub‐filter is used to estimate the states and heterogeneous unknown inputs, whereas the distributed sub‐filter is used to estimate the homologous unknown inputs. The extended Kalman filter is used to solve the estimation problem for nonlinear systems. Compared with previous studies, the distributed solution is improved to relax the existence of the homologous unknown input sub‐filter. Moreover, the updating method of the residual generator is improved to relax the heterogeneous unknown input sub‐filter. The practical problem of estimating the state of charge and temperature of the battery pack is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed filter.
Luminescence Regulation of Silver‐Thiolate Clusters Protected by 1,2‐Dithiolate‐o‐carborane
Authors: Liu Li‐Juan , Mak Thomas C. W. , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: July 2020

Main observation and conclusionEngineering the surface of the metal clusters with the core structure maintained and tuning their luminescence in a wide range is still a challenge in the nanomaterial research. We modified six mono‐pyridyl ligands with different electronic effects (conjugation effect or induction effect) on a superatomic silver cluster [Ag14(C2B10H10S2)6(CH3CN)8] (denoted as Ag14) through in situ site‐specific surface engineering, and obtained the corresponding clusters [Ag14(C2B10H10S2)6(CH3CN)6(L1/L2)2] (denoted as NC‐1, 2, L1/L2 = 4‐acetylpyridine/ 4‐carboxypyridine) and [Ag14(C2B10H10S2)6(L3/L4/L5/L6)8] (denoted as NC‐3, 4, 5, 6, L3/L4/L5/L6 = 4‐phenylpyridine/4‐(1‐naphthyl)pyridine/9‐(4‐pyridine)anthracene/9‐(4‐pyridine)pyrene). Through the modification of the Ag14 cluster, a wide‐range luminescence from blue to red was realized. This work might provide a practical guide for improving the emission performance of metal clusters via surface engineering.
A Cross‐Linkable Electron‐Transport Layer Based on a Fullerene−Benzoxazine Derivative for Inverted Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Vittala Sandeepa Kulala , Ravi Remya , Deb Biswapriya , Joseph Joshy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe synthesis, optoelectronic characterization and device properties of a cross‐linkable fullerene derivative, [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric benzoxazine ester (PCBB) is reported. PCBB shows all the basic photophysical and electrochemical properties of the parent compound [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric methyl ester (PCBM). Thermal cross‐linking of the benzoxazine moiety in PCBB resulted in the formation of cross‐linked, solvent resistive adhesive films (C−PCBB). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopic studies showed dramatic reduction in the roughness and aggregation behaviour of P3HT‐PCBM polymer blend film upon incorporation of C−PCBB interlayer. An inverted bulk heterojunction solar cell based on the configuration ITO/ZnO/C−PCBB/P3HT‐PCBM/V2O5/Ag achieved 4.27 % power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to the reference device ITO/ZnO/P3HT‐PCBM/V2O5/Ag (PCE=3.28 %). This 25 % increase in the efficiency is due to the positive effects of C‐PCBB on P3HT/C‐PCBB and PCBM/C‐PCBB heterojunctions.
A three‐phase inverter circuit using half‐bridge cells and T‐NPC for medium‐voltage applications
Authors: Tirupathi Abhilash , Annamalai Kirubakaran , Veeramraju Tirumala Somasekhar 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThree‐phase single DC‐source based multilevel inverter topologies play a pivotal role in industrial applications due to the reduced number of components and higher efficiency. This paper emphasizes the inverter for medium‐voltage applications that employ a conventional three‐phase T‐type structure (T‐NPC). The primary circuit of the proposed configuration consists of a T‐NPC structure connected to the half‐bridge cells at the top and the bottom sides of each phase. The secondary circuit consists of DC‐link capacitors whose voltage balancing is attained through a separate voltage balancing circuit (VBC). Using the proposed configuration, the number of components and independent DC supplies are reduced compared with the conventional topologies such as a neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter, a flying capacitor (FC) inverter, and a cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) inverter for the same number of output voltage levels. Hence, the proposed topology results in the reduction of weight, volume, and power losses of the inverter. A sine‐triangle comparison method is employed in the field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform to generate the firing pulses of the circuit switches. The effectiveness of the proposed topology is verified with simulation studies and is experimentally validated with a scaled‐down prototype.
The moderating role of socioeconomic status on level of responsibility, executive functioning, and cortical thinning during adolescence
Authors: Picci Giorgia , Rose Emma J. , VanMeter John W. , Fishbein Diana H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBrain development is exquisitely sensitive to psychosocial experiences, with implications for neurodevelopmental trajectories, for better or worse. The premise of this investigation was that the level of responsibility in adolescence may relate to brain structure and higher‐order cognitive functions. In a sample of 108 adolescents, we focused on cortical thickness (using FreeSurfer) as an indicator of neurodevelopment in regions previously implicated in executive functioning (EF) and examined performance on an EF task outside of the scanner, in the context of level of responsibility. We further investigated whether socioeconomic status (SES) and family stress moderated the relationship between responsibility and brain structure or EF. Findings revealed that greater responsibility was related to thinner left precuneus and right middle frontal cortex. In lower SES adolescents, greater responsibility predicted thinner left precuneus and right middle frontal cortex, which have been consistently implicated in EF. Higher SES adolescents did not show structural differences related to responsibility, however, they did exhibit better EF performance. It may be that circumstances surrounding the need for greater responsibility in lower SES households are detrimental to neurodevelopment compared to higher SES households. Alternatively, responsibility may act as a protective factor that bolsters cortical thinning in regions related to EF.
Finding the proverbial needle: Non‐targeted screening of synthetic opioids in equine plasma
Authors: Klingberg Joshua , Cawley Adam , Shimmon Ronald , Fouracre Chris , Pasin Daniel , Fu Shanlin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSynthetic opioids are a class of compounds that are of particular concern due to their high potency and potential health impacts. With the relentless emergence of new synthetic opioid derivatives, non‐targeted screening strategies are required that do not rely on the use of library spectra or reference materials. In this study, product ion searching, and Kendrick mass defect analysis were investigated for non‐targeted screening of synthetic opioids. The estimated screening cut‐offs for these techniques ranged between 0.05 and 0.1 ng/mL. These techniques were designed to not be reliant on a particular vendor's software, meaning that they can be applied to existing drug screening protocols, without requiring the development and validation of new analytical procedures. The efficacy of the developed techniques was tested through blind trials, with spiked samples inserted amongst authentic plasma samples, which demonstrated the usefulness of these methods for high‐throughput screening. The use of a non‐targeted screening workflow that contains complementary techniques can increase the likelihood of detecting compounds of interest within a sample, as well as the confidence in detections that are made.
Association between glycated haemoglobin levels and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a secondary analysis of the TECOS randomized clinical trial
Authors: McAlister Finlay A. , Zheng Yinggan , Westerhout Cynthia M. , Buse John B. , Standl Eberhard , McGuire Darren K. , Van de Werf Frans , Green Jennifer B. , Armstrong Paul W. , Holman Rury R. ,   TECOS Study Group
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsWhether glycaemic control is associated with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear. Consequently, we assessed the relationship between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and cardiovascular outcomes in a placebo‐controlled randomized trial which demonstrated no cardiovascular effect of sitagliptin in patients with T2D and atherosclerotic vascular disease.Methods and resultsSecondary analysis of 14 656 TECOS participants with time to event analyses using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. During a median 3.0 (interquartile range 2.3–3.8) year follow‐up, 456 (3.1% of 14 656) patients had first hospitalization for heart failure (HF), 1084 (11.5%) died, 1406 (9.6%) died or were hospitalized for HF, and 1689 (11.5%) had a non‐HF cardiovascular event (cardiovascular death, non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina). Associations between baseline or time‐varying HbA1c and cardiovascular outcomes were U‐shaped, with the lowest risk when HbA1c was around 7%. Each one‐unit increase in the time‐varying HbA1c above 7% was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.21 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.33] for first HF hospitalization, 1.11 (1.03–1.21) for all‐cause death, 1.18 (1.09–1.26) for death or HF hospitalization, and 1.10 (1.02–1.17) for non‐HF cardiovascular events. Each one‐unit decrease in the time‐varying HbA1c below 7% was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.35 (95% CI 1.12–1.64) for first HF hospitalization, 1.37 (1.16–1.61) for death, 1.42 (1.23–1.64) for death or HF hospitalization, and 1.22 (1.06–1.41) for non‐HF cardiovascular events.ConclusionGlycated haemogobin exhibits a U‐shaped association with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2D and atherosclerotic vascular disease, with nadir around 7%.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00790205.
Spinal manipulation for the management of cervicogenic headache: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fernandez Matthew , Moore Craig , Tan Jinghan , Lian Derrick , Nguyen Jeremy , Bacon Andrew , Christie Brie , Shen Isabella , Waldie Thomas , Simonet Danielle , Bussières André 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is frequently used to manage cervicogenic headache (CGHA). No meta‐analysis has investigated the effectiveness of SMT exclusively for CGHA.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of SMT for CGHA.Databases and Data TreatmentFive databases identified randomized controlled trials comparing SMT with other manual therapies. The PEDro scale assessed the risk‐of‐bias. Pain and disability data were extracted and converted to a common scale. A random effects model was used for several follow‐up periods. GRADE described the quality of evidence.ResultsSeven trials were eligible. At short‐term follow‐up, there was a significant, small effect favouring SMT for pain intensity (mean difference [MD] −10.88 [95% CI, −17.94, −3.82]) and small effects for pain frequency (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.35 [95% CI, −0.66, −0.04]). There was no effect for pain duration (SMD − 0.08 [95% CI, −0.47, 0.32]). There was a significant, small effect favouring SMT for disability (MD − 13.31 [95% CI, −18.07, −8.56]). At intermediate follow‐up, there was no significant effects for pain intensity (MD − 9.77 [−24.21 to 4.68]) and a significant, small effect favouring SMT for pain frequency (SMD − 0.32 [−0.63 to − 0.00]). At long‐term follow‐up, there was no significant effects for pain intensity (MD − 0.76 [−5.89 to 4.37]) and for pain frequency (SMD − 0.37 [−0.84 to 0.10]).ConclusionFor CGHA, SMT provides small, superior short‐term benefits for pain intensity, frequency and disability, but not pain duration, however, high‐quality evidence in this field is lacking. The long‐term impact is not significant.SignificanceCGHA are a common headache disorder. SMT can be considered an effective treatment modality, with this review suggesting it providing superior, small, short‐term effects for pain intensity, frequency and disability when compared with other manual therapies. These findings may help clinicians in practice better understand the treatment effects of SMT alone for CGHA.
Secure transmission via random quadrature spatial modulation
Authors: Qi Xuanzhe , Luo Junshan , Wang Hao , Wang Shilian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we propose a random quadrature spatial modulation (RQSM) scheme to achieve secure transmission in multiple‐input multiple‐output multiantenna eavesdropper channels. We consider the case in which the eavesdropper has more antennas than that of the legitimate receiver, leading to a strong wiretap channel. In this case, the conventional secure quadrature spatial modulation schemes based on the artificially interfering signals are vulnerable to eavesdropping. On the contrary, the proposed RQSM scheme is able to achieve the physical‐layer security without transmitting artificial noises. Specifically, the bits‐to‐symbol mapping of the proposed RQSM is randomized according to the instantaneous channel state information of the legitimate link. Since in a rich scattering environment, the legitimate and the wiretap channels are generally independent of each other due to the spatial decorrelation property. Thus, the eavesdropper can be considered ignorant of the legitimate channel and cannot decode the confidential messages correctly. We derive the ergodic secrecy rate of the proposed RQSM scheme and show that the secrecy performance does not degrade as the number of antennas at the eavesdropper increases, which also outperforms the conventional jamming strategies. In addition, the bit error rate of the RQSM is also analyzed, which shows that security is achieved without sacrificing the system's reliability. Numerical results validate the theoretical derivations and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RQSM scheme.
Employing bioactive compounds derived from Ipomoea obscura (L.) to evaluate potential inhibitor for SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease and ACE2 protein
Authors: Poochi Saravana Prabha , Easwaran Murugesh , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Anbuselvam Mohan , Meyyazhagan Arun , Park Sungkwon , Bhotla Haripriya Kuchi , Anbuselvam Jeeva , Arumugam Vijaya Anand , Keshavarao Sasikala , Kanniyappan Gopalakrishnan Velliyur , Pappusamy Manikantan , Kaul Tanushri 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAngiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and main protease (MPro) are significant target proteins, mainly involved in the attachment of viral genome to host cells and aid in replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronaviruses or SARS‐CoV genome. In the present study, we identified 11 potent bioactive compounds from ethanolic leaf extract of Ipomoea obscura (L.) by using GC‐MS analysis. These potential bioactive compounds were considered for molecular docking studies against ACE2 and MPro target proteins to determine the antiviral effects against SARS‐COV. Results exhibits that among 11 compounds from I. obscura (L.), urso‐deoxycholic acid, demeclocycline, tetracycline, chlorotetracycline, and ethyl iso‐allocholate had potential viral inhibitory activity. Hence, the present findings suggested that chemical constitution present in I. obscura (L.) will address inhibition of corona viral replication in host cells.
Multimodal single‐cell analysis reveals distinct radioresistant stem‐like and progenitor cell populations in murine glioma
Authors: Alexander Jes , LaPlant Quincey C. , Pattwell Siobhan S. , Szulzewsky Frank , Cimino Patrick J. , Caruso Francesca P. , Pugliese Pietro , Chen Zhihong , Chardon Florence , Hill Andrew J. , Spurrell Cailyn , Ahrendsen Dakota , Pietras Alexander , Starita Lea M. , Hambardzumyan Dolores , Iavarone Antonio , Shendure Jay , Holland Eric C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRadiation therapy is part of the standard of care for gliomas and kills a subset of tumor cells, while also altering the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells with stem‐like properties preferentially survive radiation and give rise to glioma recurrence. Various techniques for enriching and quantifying cells with stem‐like properties have been used, including the fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)‐based side population (SP) assay, which is a functional assay that enriches for stem‐like tumor cells. In these analyses, mouse models of glioma have been used to understand the biology of this disease and therapeutic responses, including the radiation response. We present combined SP analysis and single‐cell RNA sequencing of genetically‐engineered mouse models of glioma to show a time course of cellular response to radiation. We identify and characterize two distinct tumor cell populations that are inherently radioresistant and also distinct effects of radiation on immune cell populations within the tumor microenvironment.
Evaluation of natural growth rate and recommended age for shaving procedure by volumetric analysis of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Park Jin‐Woo , Jung Jae Hoon , Park Sun‐June , Lim So Young 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the preoperative natural growth pattern of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia and postoperative volume changes in patients undergoing shaving procedures.MethodsThirty‐three patients who underwent serial computed tomography (CT) preoperatively and/or postoperatively were identified. The natural tumor growth rate was assessed using preoperative CT scans. The postoperative tumor regrowth rates and relevant variables were analyzed.ResultsThe preoperative tumor growth rates were significantly lower in patients aged ≥ 16 years than in those aged < 16 years (P < .001). The postoperative tumor regrowth rates were significantly greater when a shaving operation was performed at age < 16 years than at age ≥ 16 years (P = .04). In patients with clinical recurrence, the postoperative remnant tumor volume was inversely correlated with the tumor regrowth rate.ConclusionsThe tumor growth rate of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia significantly decreased after age 16. This should be considered when conducting functional and aesthetic assessments in planning for the shaving of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia.