bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer of Twists from a Mini-filament to Large-scale Loops by Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Yang Liheng , Yan Xiaoli , Xue Zhike , Li Ting , Wang Jincheng , Li Qiaoling , Cheng Xin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
With high spatial and temporal resolution, Hα data from the New Vacuum Solar Telescope, X-ray images from the X-ray telescope on board Hinode and simultaneous observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we present multiwavelength observations of the interaction between a mini-filament (MF) and its overlying large-scale active-region loops (ARLs) that occurred in AR 12497 on 2016 February 13. The MF was activated by the convergence and cancellation of the magnetic flux under it. Brightenings first appeared at the junction of the MF and its overlying large-scale ARLs. A blowout jet with some plasma blobs was observed to move along the newly formed large-scale ARLs, and caused the oscillations of these loops. The blowout jet exhibited a counterclockwise rotation due to the untwisting motion of the MF, suggesting that the twist is transferred from the MF to the ARLs. The transferred twist was measured to be about 0.34–0.52 turn. During the interaction progress, a group of hot loops formed in the high-temperature wavelength (94 Å). These hot loops connected the west footpoints of the original ARLs and the east footpoints of the MF. The differential emission measure analysis demonstrated that these hot loops contained a high-temperature component (∼8 MK). Meanwhile the footpoints of the ARLs were finally shifted to the west footpoint of the MF. These observations suggest that magnetic reconnection takes place between the MF and its overlying large-scale ARLs and results in a confined untwisting blowout jet.
The Formation and Evolution of Wide-orbit Stellar Multiples In Magnetized Clouds
Authors: Lee Aaron T. , Offner Stella S. R. , Kratter Kaitlin M. , Smullen Rachel A. , Li Pak Shing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Stars rarely form in isolation. Nearly half of the stars in the Milky Way have a companion, and this fraction increases in star-forming regions. However, why some dense cores and filaments form bound pairs while others form single stars remains unclear. We present a set of three-dimensional, gravo-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of turbulent star-forming clouds, aimed at understanding the formation and evolution of multiple-star systems formed through large-scale (≳103 au) turbulent fragmentation. We investigate three global magnetic field strengths, with global mass-to-flux ratios of μ

ϕ
= 2, 8, and 32. The initial separations of protostars in multiples depend on the global magnetic field strength, with stronger magnetic fields (e.g., μ

ϕ
= 2) suppressing fragmentation on smaller scales. The overall multiplicity fraction (MF) is between 0.4 and 0.6 for our strong and intermediate magnetic field strengths, which is in agreement with observations. The weak field case has a lower fraction. The MF is relatively constant throughout the simulations, even though stellar densities increase as collapse continues. While the MF rarely exceeds 60% in all three simulations, over 80% of all protostars are part of a binary system at some point. We additionally find that the distribution of binary spin misalignment angles is consistent with a randomized distribution. In all three simulations, several binaries originate with wide separations and dynamically evolve to ≲102 au separations. We show that a simple model of mass accretion and dynamical friction with the gas can explain this orbital evolution.
The Probiotic Bacterium Isolated from Bekasam (Traditional Fermented Food), Lactobacillus Sp. Induces Activation of Gut Mucosal Immune System in Rat
Authors: Husin Syarif , Melizah Ardesy , Alkaff Syifa , Hidayat Rachmat 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Bekasam is one of the traditional foods in South Sumatra, Indonesia, a mixture of fermented fish containing Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus sp. Non-commensal bacteria and probiotics can induce intestinal mucosal immune responses.
AIM: This pilot study aimed to see the efficacy of Lactobacillus sp. to the immune response of the intestinal mucosa by assessing the levels of IgA in the intestinal fluid and markers of T cell populations, such as CD4 and CD8 in the intestinal mucosa.
METHODS: This study was an in vivo experimental study. As many as 30 rats were grouped into 3 treatment groups (doses 107, 108, and 109 CFU/rat/day, for 7 days) and 2 groups of controls (negative control, 10% non-fat milk, and positive control, Lactobacillus casei 108 CFU/rat/day for 7 days). At the end of the treatment, the intestinal mucosa was taken to examine the levels of IgA, CD4 and CD8 using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, according to the manuals of each ELISA kit. All displays of research data were presented with means Â± SD. T-test was used to assess the significance of differences.
RESULTS: Secretion of Ig A increased with the addition of Lactobacillus sp. from bekasam. Administration of Lactobacillus sp. yielded no effect on helper T cell level (CD4 markers), as well as on cytotoxic T cell levels (CD8 markers).
CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus sp. probiotic from bekasam improved the intestinal mucosal immune system by increasing the production of Ig A, but exhibited no effect on T lymphocyte cells.
by increasing the production of Ig A, but exhibited no effect on T lymphocyte cells.
Evaluation of a Synthetic Bone Defect Test Model to Aid in the Selection of Materials for Use in Vertebral Body Compression Fracture Repair
Authors: Carroll Michael , Lewis Gladius , Xu J , Moseley Jon , Cole Jantzen , Haggard Warren 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A synthetic test model was developed to assist in screening injectable cements with a focus on mechanical strength for vertebral body compression fracture repair. The two-part defect model consisted of a polyurethane foam cube to simulate trabecular bone and a defect to which various injectable cements could be introduced. In addition, a finite element analysis model was developed and the results were compared to laboratory testing. Agreement was found between the finite element analysis and test results. Once the finite element analysis model was validated with experimental data, an additional finite element analysis was conducted to study various parameters affecting mechanical performance such as simulated bone and cement stiffness. Finite element analysis models were also created using orthotropic bone properties typical of healthy trabecular bone and were compared to various foam stiffnesses. The foam model was a good in vitro representation of actual trabecular bone found in vertebral bodies and is a valid model to evaluate the mechanical strength of injectable cements for percutaneous vertebral body fracture repair.
Use of Cancellous Bone Chips and Demineralized Bone Matrix in the Treatment of Acetabular Osteolysis: Preliminary 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Etienne Gracia , Ragland Phillip S , Mont Michael A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Twenty patients (20 hips) who had cementless acetabular revision arthroplasty and were treated with cancellous bone chips mixed with demineralized bone matrix to fill the cavitary defects were studied. At 2-years' follow-up, the grafts were fully incorporated in 18 patients. In addition, the mean Harris Hip Score increased to 89 points from a mean preoperative score of 29 points for the surviving hips. These preliminary findings suggest that the prepackaged demineralized bone matrix and cancellous chips can provide acceptable radiographic and clinical results as an adjunct in the treatment of contained osteolytic acetabular defects.
Functional Outcomes of Bone Graft Substitutes for Benign Bone Tumors
Authors: Gitelis Steven , Virkus Walter , Anderson David , Piasecki Patricia , Yao Ting Kuo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Benign bone tumors are frequently treated surgically by intralesional excision with grafting. Due to the significant morbidity associated with autogenous graft, there is interest in bone graft substitutes. Ninety-eight consecutive patients with benign bone tumors treated by intralesional excision with bone graft substitutes were retrospectively reviewed. Functional scores using the International Symposium of Limb Salvage (ISOLS) system were obtained at most recent follow-up. The mean functional score was 28.3 out of 30 (94%). Three patients suffered fractures that ultimately healed with management There were no local recurrences. Based on results of this study, bone graft substitutes are a reasonable alternative to autogenous grafting with a successful functional outcome.
Cement Penetration Using a Tibial Punch Cement Pressurizer in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Diaz-Borjon Efrain , Yamakado Kotaro , Pinilla Roque , Worland Richard L 
Published: December 2019

abstract
This study describes a new tibial cement punch pressurizer to enhance cement penetration into the metaphyseal cancellous bone of the tibial plateau. Thirty knees of 15 patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were randomly selected to receive the tibial cement punch pressurizer on one side, with the opposite side serving as control. Using computerized and radiographic evaluation of both knees 2 weeks post-operatively, the punch pressurizer achieved 1.32 times better penetration of the cement. The tibial punch cement pressurizer offers a simple technique to provide reliable cement penetration and tibial component fixation in TKA.
A Survey of Orthopedic Surgeons Regarding DVT Prophylaxis in Foot and Ankle Trauma Surgery
Authors: Wolf Jennifer Moriatis , Digiovanni Christopher W 
Published: December 2019

abstract
This study hypothesized that thromboembolism in patients with foot and ankle trauma is higher than currently recognized, and that prophylaxis varies among surgeons. A questionnaire sent to members of two orthopedic specialty societies surveyed the use of thromboembolic prophylaxis over 1 year. Most did not use preoperative prophylaxis. Postoperatively, 44% of surgeons used prophylaxis, most commonly sequential compression devices and low molecular weight heparin. This survey suggests that thromboembolic prophylaxis is used by <50% of surgeons treating foot and ankle trauma. The reported cases of thromboembolism in this study underline the need for a prospective investigation.
Spatial Distribution of Keratan Sulfate in the Rabbit Cornea Following Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Resch Miklós D , Nagy Zoltán Z , Szentmáry Nóra , Máthé Miklós , Kovalszky Ilona , Süveges Ildikó 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To examine the keratan sulfate content of the stroma and to assess its correlation with the healing process (epithelialization and keratocyte density) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: Using an Aesculap M?dit?e MEL 70G.scan excimer laser, -6.0 diopters (6.0-mm diameter, 82 /im photoablation depth), PRK was carried out on the right eye of 32 New Zealand pigmented rabbits. After enucleation (at days 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28 and months 2, 3, and 7; sub-groups of 4 animals), fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed on sections from the central cornea using monoclonal mouse anti-keratan-sulfate antibody, immunohistochemistry with proliferative cell nuclear antigen antibody, and hematoxylin-eosin histology. The left, untreated eyes served as controls. Cellular morphology and spatial distribution of keratan sulfate were recorded, stromal thickness measured, and keratocyte density calculated.
RESULTS: Keratan sulfate was found on the surface of migrating epithelial cells in the early stage (from days 1 to 7). In the stroma, three phases were noted. Phase 1) Day 1 to 14, intense granular fluorescence appeared in the anterior stroma with hypocellularity. Phase 2) Month 1 to 2, newly synthesized lamellar keratan sulfate restored the repopulating anterior stroma. Endothelial cells became keratan sulfate positive, while in the posterior stroma, lamellar-form keratan sulfate increased from week 1 and peaked at month 1 (100% increase). Phase 3) Month 2 to 7, remodeling and deposition of keratan sulfate was noted, which was produced in phase 2.
CONCLUSIONS: Keratan sulfate was found in the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium. By controlling the interlamellar spacing, keratan sulfate plays a role in postoperative edema, remodeling of the corneal stroma, and simultaneous regulation of inflammation after PRK. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:485-493.]
Topography-guided Custom Retreatments in 27 Symptomatic Eyes
Authors: Kanellopoulos A John 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of topography-guided ablations for refractive irregularities induced by previous surgery.
METHODS: This prospective, non-comparative trial comprised 27 symptomatic eyes with a history of LASIK for myopia that underwent topography-guided treatment with the ALLEGRETTO WAVE system. Pre- and postoperative refraction, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), corneal asphericity (Q value), low contrast sensitivity, and patient's subjective assessment of improvement were measured.
RESULTS: Preoperative data were sphere -0.84±1.37 diopters (D), cylinder -1.55±0.78 D, UCVA 20/49±0.22, BSCVA 20/32±0.15, and Q value 1.46±0.79. Postoperative data at mean 6-month follow-up were: sphere -0.61±0.81 D, cylinder -0.53±0.58 D, UCVA 20/25±0.21 (P<.01), BSCVA 20/21±0.14 (P<.001), and Q value 1.07±0.89. Contrast sensitivity scores improved by 70%. No loss of BSCVA occurred in any patient.
CONCLUSIONS: Topography-guided treatments may be effective in correcting the quality of vision. It should be viewed as a possible two-step procedure due to spherical adjustment that may change refraction unpredictably. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:S513-S518.]
The Effect of Lubricant Eye Drops on Ocular Wavefront Aberrations
Authors: Airiani Suzanna , Rozell Joshua , Lee Shing M , Braunstein Richard E 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the effect of lubricant eye drop instillation on ocular wavefront aberrations.
METHODS: The wavefront aberrations of the entire optical path of 30 eyes of 15 patients before and following instillation of lubricant eye drops (Bion Tears; Alcon Laboratories Ine, Ft Worth, Tex) were obtained over a 6-mm pupil using a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor (WaveScan; VISX Ine, Santa Clara, Calif). Additional computation of root-mean-square (RMS) errors of higher order aberrations from third to sixth order were done using Zernike Tool Software (VISX Ine). Main outcome measures include the mean changes of total higher order aberrations RMS, higher order aberrations, and point spread function (PSF) of the higher order aberrations.
RESULTS: The mean changes of total higher order aberrations following instillation of lubricant eye drops on the right eyes were -0.07 ??? (95% confidence interval [Cl], -0.11 to -0.03) and -0.03 ??? on the left eyes (95% Cl, -0.07 to 0.01). Significant mean changes were noted for coma and trefoil aberrations with a magnitude of -0.08 ??? (95% Cl, -0.12 to -0.03) and -0.09 (95% Cl, -0.13 to -0.05), respectively, as well as a mean change of the PSF of the higher order aberrations (-0.05 diopters, 95% Cl, -0.08 to -0.02) on the right eyes. Although no significant changes in these parameters were demonstrated on the left eyes, a similar trend of changes was observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Ocular wavefront aberrations may change following eye drop instillation as measured objectively by the WaveScan system. This effect should be taken into consideration in the assessment of patients for wavefront-guided laser vision correction procedures. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:709-715.]
Comparison of Topographic Corneal Irregularity After LASIK and Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments in the Same Patients
Authors: Naseri Ayman , Forseto Adriana S , Francesconi Claudia M , Hwang David G , Campos Mauro , Nose Walton 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To retrospectively compare the irregularity of the corneal surfaces of 14 patients after LASIK in 1 eye and placement of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) in the other eye.
METHODS: In a within-patient comparison, Orbscan corneal topography was used to retrospectively compare the corneal surface irregularity of LASIK-treated and ICRS-treated eyes at an outpatient tertiary-care ophthalmology clinic in Sao Paulo, Brazil. For the anterior corneal surface, irregularity measurements were compared for both the central and peripheral areas of the cornea. The differences between each group were analyzed for statistical significance.
RESULTS: The corneal surfaces of eyes treated with ICRS were found to be more irregular than the corneal surfaces of eyes treated with LASIK, the mean irregularity being 1.91 for LASIK-treated eyes and 3.12 for ICRStreated eyes in the anterior corneal surface and 0.51 for LASIK-treated eyes and 0.87 for ICRS-treated eyes in the posterior corneal surface. A statistically significant difference was noted only in the posterior surfaces.
CONCLUSIONS: When measured with Orbscan topography, ICRS-treated eyes show more corneal surface irregularity than LASIK-treated eyes. The difference in outcome for the two types of treatment may be due to the mechanical effect of the ICRS on the shape of the cornea. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:722-726.]
Sources and formation of carbonaceous aerosols in Xi'an, China: primary emissions and secondary formation constrained by radiocarbon
Authors: Ni Haiyan , Huang Ru-Jin , Cao Junji , Guo Jie , Deng Haoyue , Dusek Ulrike 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. To investigate the sources and formation mechanisms of carbonaceous aerosols, a major contributor to severe particulate air pollution, radiocarbon (14C) measurements were conducted on aerosols sampled from November 2015 to November 2016 in Xi'an, China. Based on the 14C content in elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and
water-insoluble OC (WIOC), contributions of major sources to carbonaceous
aerosols are estimated over a whole seasonal cycle: primary and secondary
fossil sources, primary biomass burning, and other non-fossil carbon formed
mainly from secondary processes. Primary fossil sources of EC were further
sub-divided into coal and liquid fossil fuel combustion by complementing
14C data with stable carbon isotopic signatures. The dominant EC source was liquid fossil fuel combustion (i.e., vehicle
emissions), accounting for 64 % (median; 45 %–74 %, interquartile range) of EC in autumn, 60 % (41 %–72 %) in summer, 53 % (33 %–69 %) in spring and 46 % (29 %–59 %) in winter. An increased contribution from biomass burning to EC was observed in winter (∼28 %) compared to other seasons (warm period;
∼15 %). In winter, coal combustion (∼25 %) and biomass burning equally contributed to EC, whereas in the warm period, coal combustion accounted for a larger fraction of EC than biomass burning. The relative contribution of fossil sources to OC was consistently lower than that to EC, with an annual average of 47±4 %. Non-fossil OC of secondary origin was an important contributor to total OC (35±4 %) and accounted for more than half of non-fossil OC (67±6 %) throughout the year. Secondary fossil OC (SOCfossil) concentrations were higher than primary fossil OC (POCfossil) concentrations in winter but lower than POCfossil in the warm period. Fossil WIOC and water-soluble OC (WSOC) have been widely used as proxies for
POCfossil and SOCfossil, respectively. This assumption was evaluated by (1) comparing their mass concentrations with POCfossil and SOCfossil and (2) comparing ratios of fossil WIOC to fossil EC to typical primary OC-to-EC ratios from fossil sources including both coal combustion and vehicle emissions. The results suggest that fossil WIOC and fossil WSOC are probably a better approximation for primary and secondary fossil OC, respectively, than POCfossil and SOCfossil estimated using the EC tracer method.
On reconstruction effects in English <i>wh</i>-slifting: Theoretical and experimental considerations
Authors: Vlachos Christos , Christou Nikoletta , Grohmann Kleanthes K. 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, reconstruction for Binding Principles A and C will be (re)considered in wh-slifting, a construction which appears to associate a wh-interrogative clause with a yes/no-interrogative clause, whose predicate typically selects propositions rather than questions. While the current view is that both binding principles bleed in wh-slifting, a thorough examination of Principle C and experimental pilot findings for Principle A reported here suggest the exact opposite conclusion: Binding Principles A and C do not bleed in wh-slifting. To the extent that this conclusion is valid, it favors the hypothesis that a wh-interrogative clause reconstructs to the complement position of a proposition-selecting predicate. This, in turn, raises non-trivial questions about the syntax and semantics of clausal complement selection, which we leave unanswered.
Densidad electrónica del gas en la Galaxia NGC 3310 con Pyneb
Authors: Artola Adan 
Published: December 2019

Presentamos la reducción y análisis del espectro óptico (λ3600 − λ7000 Å) de la galaxia en espiral con brote estelar NGC 3310. El análisis de densidad electrónica realizado muestra un valor de ne = 167.85e−/cm3 para la zona estudiada. También se discute origen de las líneas de emisión y absorción mas intensas que presenta la galaxia, de las cuales se proporciona su flujo, ancho equivalente y el proceso de reducción utilizado para obtenerlas.
La cultura emprendedora en la universidad nicaragüense
Authors: Dávila Flores Sandra del Carmen 
Published: December 2019

Esta investigación aborda el tema de la cultura emprendedora en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua (UNAN-Managua). Dentro de los aspectos que se toman en cuenta están: la concepción de cultura, la definición de emprendimiento, la identificación de los elementos de resistencias, así como las motivaciones presentes en el contexto académico para la mejora y constitución de una universidad emprendedora. Como parte de la metodología empleada se aplicaron diferentes técnicas e instrumentos tales como: Entrevistas a autoridades y actores claves que estuvieran vinculados a la promoción del emprendimiento; Grupos focales dirigidos a profesores de diversas facultades que atendieran el eje de prácticas profesionales y de investigación; Encuesta dirigida a profesores y estudiantes de todas las Facultades e Instituto de la UNAN-Managua.
Después de haber realizado este trabajo se deduce que para desarrollar la cultura emprendedora es necesario implementar un proceso basado en la colaboración, tomando en cuenta las concepciones, expectativas y actitudes de las personas miembros de la organización. Como parte de las estrategias priorizadas están: la sistematización de las experiencias y buenas prácticas a lo interno de los departamentos docentes de las Facultades e Instituto que sirvan como ejemplo para otros donde las acciones emprendedoras son insuficientes o nulas. Por otra parte, las coordinaciones con actores externos para la transferencia académica y tecnológica que contribuya a un cambio y mejora en la gestión universitaria, de tal forma que aporte a la reflexión y actuación sobre el presente y el futuro de la universidad con miras a convertirse en una institución con mayor acción multilateral a nivel nacional, que le permita acercarse al mundo empresarial y la administración pública por medio de la oferta de recursos y servicios académicos basados en las necesidades y demandas sociales que los lleve hacia la acreditación e internacionalización universitaria.