bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) nanoparticles from iron ore waste and their possible application in water treatment
Authors: Erfan Nehal A. , Abdel-Hameed Salwa A. M. , Mohammed Asma A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work hard magnetic glass ceramics has been fabricated using Egyptian Bahariya oasis ore; which contains not less than 51% of its weight as pure iron. High energy planetary ball mill was used to convert the prepared magnetic sample into nanoparticles. Different mechanical milling times were applied to study its effect on the properties of the produced magnetic glass ceramic. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray florescence analysis (XRF), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis techniques were performed to characterize the prepared glass ceramic samples before and after exposing to mechanical milling process. XRD revealed crystallization of barium hexaferrite as major phase with average crystallite size ∼26 nm. Saturation magnetization Ms depicted 21.2 emu/g after 5 hours milling. The produces nanoparticles after 5 hours milling showed a good performance in removal of pollutants like methylene blue and Congo red from water by adsorption.
Catalytic oxidation over nanostructured heterogeneous process as an effective tool for environmental remediation
Authors: Thabet Rahma H. , Tony Maha A. , El Sherbiny Shakinaz A. , Ali I. A. , Fouad Mai K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Industrialization has led to a severe deterioration in water quality. Textile industry is considered a huge consumer of water in Egypt; the result is generating large amounts of dye-containing wastewater that is essential to be treated before the final disposal. However, searching for efficient treatment is an important aspect for a sustainable environment. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been emerged as efficient techniques for industrial wastewater remediation. Among the AOPs, Fenton based reactions is considered a promising process for its simplicity in application and cost-efficient with high process efficiency. In this study, heterogeneous Fenton reaction using magnetite nanoparticles induced by ultraviolet radiation (UV) was applied as a green technology pathway for textile dyeing wastewater oxidation. Nanostructured magnetite was successfully obtained by co-precipitation technique that is used as the precursor of the Fenton’s reaction process. The heterogeneous iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) supported catalyst with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used as a coupled Fenton and Fenton-like oxidation system for methylene blue dye removal in aqueous media. The obtained results investigated that the dye oxidation rate increases with decreasing pH to 3.0. However, increasing H2O2 and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles catalyst results in an increase in the dye oxidation rate and the optimum operating values were 80 and 1600 mg/L for Fe3O4 and H2O2, respectively. By optimizing the amount of reagents, process conditions as well, the results revealed that magnetite was considered an efficient Fenton-based catalyst for dye oxidation that is reached to 94% within 3 hr of oxidation time. Finally, magnetite catalyst could be easily recovered by magnetic separation to confirm the process sustainability.
Assessment of antioxidant resistance to thermal - oxidative degradation of stabilized polybutadiene binder
Authors: Elsaka Eslam , Elbasuney Sherif , Elbeih Ahmed , Mostafa Hosam E. , Awad Mahmoud E. , Elhedery Tarek M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
polybutadiene is the most common polymeric binder for composite solid propellants. This polymer suffers from oxidative degradation reactions on storing with deterioration in mechanical properties. Certain anti-oxidant materials can retard such reaction offering enhanced aging characteristics. In this study, two different primary antioxidants including phenol-based (AO2246) and amine-based (Flexzone 6H) were employed to stabilize polybutadiene polymer. Oxidation induction time (OIT) was evaluated using isothermal DSC. High OIT value means high resistance to oxidative degradation. The impact of anti-oxidant on mechanical properties was evaluated using shore A. Flexzone 6H significantly improved binder oxidative stability with an increase in OIT value by 20 folds with significant decrease in oxidation enthalpy. Flexzone 6H can offer enhanced resistance toward oxidative reactions; as it can act as efficient H atom donor to break down chain degradation reaction. Additionally, the three stabilized aromatic rings can capture free radicals. AO2246 enhanced the binder mechanical characteristics during aging at 80 0C using Shore A test. In the meantime, AO2246 could enhance the mechanical properties due to its integration into the polymeric matrix due to –OH functional groups. The two anti-oxidants demonstrated controversy effects. Whereas Flexzone 6H offered enhanced resistance to oxidative degradation; AO2246 offered enhanced mechanical properties.
A Study of the detonation wave shape inside confined explosive with a metallic copper liner
Authors: Elshenawy Tamer , Elbeih Ahmed , Zaki Mohamed G. , Hussein Ahmed K. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The behaviour of shock wave inside a shaped charge is so important that the detonation wave nature characterizes (determines) the degree of jet coherency at the liner interface. The detonation wave shape inside the shaped charge depends on the casing thickness, material, the liner material, geometry and the applied wave shaper geometry. In this paper, a series of numerical simulation models were performed to study the incident and reflected waves and to characterize the resulting shock wave front to evaluate its effect on the produced (generated) jet characteristics. The used code was Autodyn 3D based on non-linear dynamic analysis with jetting analysis model. Inert wave shapers (Lead, Aluminium and steel) and active ones (TNT and PETN) behaviour were studied. The liner type used in this study was copper with in which the apex angle of the liner cone was 40°. It was concluded that the wave front shape has an obvious influence on the characteristics of the jet formation and its properties such as mass of jet and velocities of its tip. Also, the bulk sound speed of the liner itself in addition to the collapse characteristics of the liner was discussed in this paper successfully.
The Potentials of Aluminium Nanoparticles: Novel High Energy Density Material for Underwater Explosions
Authors: Elbasuney Sherif , Gaber Zaky M. , Radwan c Mostafa , Bennaya Mohamed , Abdelkhalek Sherif M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe destructive parameters of underwater explosives (i.e. shock wave energy, maximum pressure, and bubble radius) are limited to explosion heat; that is comparatively low. One approach for enhanced heat output can be accomplished by integrating reactive metal particles (i. e. Aluminium). However conventional aluminium particles (µm size) would contribute only with combustion gaseous products behind detonation wave front. Underwater, there is no oxygen for such contribution to take place. Furthermore, conventional Al particles could decrease the detonation velocity. So far, full exploitation of aluminium particles in underwater explosions has not been accomplished. Aluminium nanoparticles would combust more efficiently within detonation wave front, offering smaller critical diameter, high reaction rate, and high heat release rate. Consequently, Al nanoparticles could be ideal high energy density material for underwater explosion. Ship model with positive metacentric height, GMT = 4.7 cm for ship transverse stability, and GML = 19.3 for ship longitudinal stability was designed. Ship model offers large angle stability (heeling angles = 0-70 deg.). 2 g of explosive charge was detonated underneath the developed naval structure. Upon explosion, the acceleration of the naval structure was measured using shock accelerometer VC tri-axial, high frequency, 5000 ground acceleration, Dytran, Inc. While, Al particles (10 µm) offered an increase in mono-hull acceleration by 16 % compared to TNT; Al nanoparticles offered an acceleration increase by 49 %. This novel finding can be ascribed to the efficient combustion of Al nanoparticles within detonation wave front offering ideal detonation reaction with enhanced destructive effect.
Aluminium Nanoparticles: The Potentials of Metalized Explosives with Combined Destructive Effect (Combustion/Detonation)
Authors: Elbasuney Sherif , Gaber Zaky M. , Radwan Mostafa , Maraden Ahmed , Abdelkhalek Sherif M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEven though, reactive metal particles can boost the energy density of explosive materials. Such particles will react behind the detonation wave front with decrease in detonation velocity and brisance (destructive effect). This study reports on the effective development of aluminium nanoparticles (NPS) of 100 nm particle size. Al NPs offered superior performance compared micron scale particles. Al NPs offered an increase in shock wave strength by 48 % compared with 17 % for micron scale particles. While micron-Al decreased the destructive effect of TNT by -6.5 %; Al NPs offered an increase in destructive effect by 21 %. The main outcome of this study is that Al NPs offered an enhanced detonation velocity of 6330 m/s compared with 5650 m/s for TNT. Additionally Al NPs offered decrease in TNT critical diameter from 40 mm to 20 mm. While conventional Al particles could act as desensitizer; Al NPs could act as sensitizer and could combust efficiently within detonation wave front. This study reports on the real development of metalized nano-composite explosives with combined destructive effect (combustion/detonation).
Physico chemical studies for water at Rosetta branch of river Nile, Egypt
Authors: Masoud M S , Ismail A M , kamel H M , El-Kholany A S , ElKasas A A M 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis work was carried out to study the quality of water of Rosetta branch. Five sites were chosen for sampling during the period of January 2013 to December 2013. Physical parameters (Temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity and pH) and chemical parameters (concentration of Cl-, Ca+2, Mg+2, NH4+, SO4-2, NO2-, and some of trace metals, alkalinity, total hardness, Dissolved Oxygen(DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand(BOD) were discussed. These results were compared with the results of another study that were carried out at Rosita Branch at 2018. Statistical analysis of data was computed to show the correlation between some parameters through the whole sampling sites during the period of the study, using simple correlation coefficient.
Rain Transmission Losses Assessment in Arid Environment, Egypt: Numerical and Experimental Study
Authors: Bakheet Adel , Sefelnasr Ahmed , Saber Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn water-scarce regions, Transmission Losses Assessment from rainfall is required for the Numerical and Experimental Study of groundwater recharge. This Study is an attempt to assess Transmission Losses and the infiltration rate at Wadi El-Assiuti, Egypt, field infiltration experiments were conducted to measure the infiltration and porosity at the target area, such as using a double-ring infiltrometer. Determination and Quantify the infiltration rate of the soil is very vital as input parameters of the hydrological modeling, irrigation planning and other natural or man-made Processes. Steady state infiltration rates have been determined in selected sites of Wadi El-Assiuti. Accurate determination of infiltration rates is fundamental for trustworthy prediction of surface runoff and groundwater recharge. Double ring infiltrometer was used to measure infiltration rate at selected sites. An important part of the study was the accurate and consistent measurement of infiltration rates‥ The infiltration rate was calculated according to the installation and operating instruction for the double ring in ASTM 2003. Final infiltration rates were 18 cm h−1, for the first observation site, 24.2 cm h−1for the second site and 59 cm h−1for the third site. The analysis indicated that the soil for the three selected areas is sandy soil. Infiltration rates were taken at 0 to70 minutes of 10 minutes intervals. The infiltration rate at the third site is high compared to the other two selected sites. After performing the experiments, soil samples have been gathered and analyzed in the laboratory for porosity analysis. The results of this study can therefore be applied in the prediction of saturated hydraulic conductivity of the surface layers and groundwater recharge, and in developing or selecting the most efficient irrigation methods. The results from this work have been also involved in a numerical hydrological model to estimate the Transmission Losses form rainfall at Wadi El-Assiuti using Hydro-BEAM.
Synthesis and characterization of zinc-imidazolate coordination polymer and its use for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation
Authors: Mohsen Mostafa , Naeem Ibrahim , Awaad Mohamed I. , Baraka Ahmad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Zinc-Imidazole coordination polymer (Zn-Im CP) was facilely synthesized by hydrothermal method from zinc acetate and imidazole as ligand. The structure of the synthesized Zn-Im CP was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX, FTIR, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Surface area of Zn-Im CP was determined by BET analysis of N2 adsorption. The photocatalytic performance of Zn-Im CP using visible light irradiation source was investigated using UV–Vis spectrophotometer for the degradation of methylene blue. The pseudo first order reaction kinetic model was applied on the degradation data which gave the rate constant of 0.006 min−1. The results indicate that Zn-Im CP exhibits good photocatalytic performance for the photodegradation of methylene blue following indirect mechanism pathway.
Synthesis, characterization and application of analcime to control nitrate ions from the ground water samples from Wadi El-Assiuti – Egypt as a low-cost and locally available adsorbent
Authors: Abdelmoneim Ahmed A. , Abdul-Moneim Mohamed , Geies Ahmed A , Farghaly Seham O. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, the sorption behavior of synthetic (Analcime) zeolites with respect to nitrate ions has been studied in order to consider its application to purity ground water. Analcime or also can be called analcite (“weak”) is a kind of grey, white or colorless tectosilicates minerals. It is hydrated sodium aluminum silicates which exist in cubic form in crystalline. Analcime was successively synthesized from kaolinite as a raw material using the fusion with NaOH method. The conditions of hydrothermal crystallization (zeolitization) were found to be at temperature of 170 C˚, and time span between 36 h and 72 h for kaoline with the molar composition of 6Na2O: 0.75Al2O3:30SiO2. 780H2O.The synthetic materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo gravimetric (DTA/TGA) analysis and Surface area and porosity of synthesized analcime .The results indicate that the crystallization of analcime not affected by the hydrothermal reaction time. Also analcime was tested as adsorbents for the removal of nitrate ions from the ground water samples from Wadi El-Assiuti – Egypt .The adsorption capacities of nitrate ions by analcime, as a function of its concentration, were determined at room temperature by varying analcime concentration for each water samples. During the process, all the other parameters (pH and contact time) were kept constant with respect to the initial concentration of nitrate ions in the water samples. It was found analcime has good removal efficiency obtained at pH 6-7.6, adsorbent dosage 10-12 g/L, and contact time 60 min. The Langmuir constants model for NO3
− ion sorption on the adsorption isotherms is fitted well. The RL value in the present investigation was equal or less than one, indicating that the adsorption of NO3
−ion by analcime is favorable.
Thermodynamic Analysis for Tracking the Effect of the Egyptian Zirconium Silicate on the slag properties of low hydrogen Welding Electrodes
Authors: AbdElkarim A , Abd El Aziz H M , Mohrez Waleed A , Mashaal H 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
One of the most common types of welding electrodes, used in welding processes; are the low hydrogen electrode classification; E 7018. This electrode is applied for fabrication most carbon steel alloys, where it used for welding plate works of ships, equipment, tanks, boilers and pressure vessels, steel structures of buildings, bridges as well. One of the most common drawbacks resulting of using of this welding electrode is the difficulty of removing the slag between the deposited passes, which consumes time and money and hence decreasing the quality of welding process also one of the most drawbacks of this type of welding electrode is the rabid burning of coating flux at elevated amperes increase.
This study aimed to suggest rooted solution for these two problems by adding zirconium silicate to the flux recipe. Different percentages of Egyptian zirconium silicate were added to the coating flux recipes of type E7018 where the changes at both weldability and slag removing between deposited passes were noticed at different amperes. By using HSc simulation program of the thermodynamics data and expected phases in slag were studied. Microstructure samples of weld metal were imaged and analyzed, basicity index was calculated, XRF chemical analysis for all slag different samples, were determined. The study concluded that adding 5% of the Egyptian zirconium silicate to the flux clearly improved; the welding properties as well as the ease of slag removal.
Bioleaching of uranium from el-sella ore material using epicoccum nigrum
Authors: Elsayad Azhar M , Hussien Shimaa S , Mahfouz Mohamed G , El Mougith Abdou A , Hassanien Wesam A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Uranium (U) is one of the strategic elements and essential for many applications as a fuel in nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons. Bioleaching of uranium was carried out with Epicoccum nigrum isolated from El-Sella ore material. El-Sella area is located in the southern eastern desert of Egypt. The maximum bioleaching of U(VI) was found to be 76.6 % at these optimum conditions: 9 days incubation period, 0.5% pulp density, 30 °C incubation temperature at shaking speed 175 rpm. Glucose and NH4Cl were considered the best carbon and nitrogen sources for fungal growth. E. nigrum exhibits good potential in generating varieties of organic acids which effective for bioleaching of uranium. It produced 112.3 and 23.5 µg/ml from gallic and ellagic acids in the culture filtrate under the optimum conditions. This work addresses the area of beneficiation of the used mineral to solubilize U(VI) through the biotechnological route in Egypt, where the bioleaching method is more effective than the chemical one using organic acids.
Commercial approach for highly pure thorium from Egyptian monazite mineral acid process
Authors: Abd El Fatah A I L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Thorium has a special interest in the future nuclear energy as a fuel especially the breeder reactors. The present research has been fulfilled throughout successive research schedule manner on separation and purification of thorium from Egyptian beach monazite mineral after its acid digestion. Monazite mineral was digested with sulfuric acid 96% at 220°C for 2.5h and dissolute with ice water (1:15), the clear solution precipitated with ammonia solution 16.5% at pH 1to produce thorium pyrophosphate with 45% thorium content in case of ideal optimized whole process. The purification was carried out after the caustafication and leaching with hydrochloric acid followed by the addition of oxalic acid at pH 0.3-0.4 to produce thorium oxalate with 91.68 % purity. Thorium oxalate was transformed to oxide by caustafication then washed and separated and dissolute by hydrochloric acid. Highly pure thorium salt was attained with the addition of thiosulphate salt on the produced faint chloride solution under 0.1 to maximum 0.5 phosphate content to produce 99% purity.
Bio-sorption of uranium by saragassum detifolium from the trachytic sills of Wadi El Atshan area, central eastern desert, Egypt
Authors: Gad N SH , Farag N M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In wadi El Atshan area, Central Eastern Desert of Egypt, the main rock types exposed in that area are the older granites, Hammamat sedimentary rocks, younger granites, trachytic sills and dikes. The Field studies and radiometric survey indicate that the trachytic sills are the main rock type in the investigated area which contain secondary uranium minerals. Sargassum detifolium is used to capture uranium from the trachytic sills. The analysis indicates that this alga absorbs the uranium content by 100% in two samples where happened in the other samples as well as, it changes the chemical composition of some minerals content, while some elements changed while other elements are decreased, Sargassum detifolium has the ability to biosorbe uranium content about 75% as in uranotile mineral {CaU2 (SiO4)2(OH)6.3H2O}.
The effect of natural rubber on physical and mechanical properties of rubber seal for LPG tube valve
Authors: Handayani H , Ramadhan A , Cifriadi A , Kinasih N A , Falaah A F , Maspanger D R 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The price of natural rubber (NR) continues to decline. In early January 2020 the price of Standard Indonesian Rubber (SIR) 20 was around 1.83 US$/kg and in May 2020 dropped to 1.09 US$/kg. Under this condition, NR downstream program becomes a necessity to increase domestic consumption of NR so that the sustainable rubber industry can be achieved. One prospective product and can be substituted using NR is the rubber seal for Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) tube valve. Based on the rubber seal quality requirements in Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7655: 2010, the rubber raw material should use rubber which is resistant to n-pentane. Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) synthetic rubber is suitable, meanwhile NR is not resistant to n-pentane so it is not suitable to produce rubber seal for LPG tube valve. Hence, this research studied the effect of NR on physical and mechanical properties of rubber seal compared to NBR compound. The results showed that NR improved elastic properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break and compression set, but decreased the resistance to n-pentane. Mixing NBR and NR with appropriate compositions can produce a better rubber seal for LPG tube valve.