bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developments in asthma incidence and prevalence in Alberta between 1995 and 2015
Authors: Bosonea Ana-Maria , Sharpe Heather , Wang Ting , Bakal Jeffrey A. , Befus A. Dean , Svenson Lawrence W. , Vliagoftis Harissios 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. According to Statistics Canada in 2014, 8.1% of Canadians aged 12 and older reported having asthma diagnosed by a health care professional. Therefore, in 2014 there were an estimated 274,661 persons with asthma in Alberta. Most epidemiological studies estimate prevalence and incidence using survey-based data, which has limitations. The Ontario Asthma Surveillance Information System (OASIS) group has developed and validated an algorithm for epidemiologic asthma studies using provincial health databases. In Alberta, there are some studies using provincial databases, but most are restricted to emergency department visits and do not represent the entire asthma population. Using the validated asthma definition for epidemiologic studies, we performed an analysis of the Alberta Health administrative databases to investigate and report province-wide asthma prevalence, incidence and mortality in Alberta from 1995 to 2015.

Methods
Data from administrative databases, provided by Alberta Health, was analyzed to determine age and sex specific prevalence, incidence and mortality of the asthma population. The population cohort was all individuals residing in the province of Alberta, ages 0 to 99 from 1995–2015. Kendall’s Tau coefficient test was used to ascertain whether the observed trends were statistically significant.

Results
Between 1995 and 2015, the age-standardized incidence of asthma decreased by more than 50% in both males and females. Prevalence, however, increased threefold over the 20 years (for both genders) from 3.9 to 12.3% (Tau = 1.00, p < 0.0001) in females and from 3.5 to 11.6% (Tau = 1.00, p < 0.0001) in males. Thus, in 2015 there were 496,927 people with asthma in Alberta. All-cause mortality in the asthma population decreased over time, in both females (Tau = − 0.71, p < 0.0001) and males (Tau = − 0.69, p = 0.0001). For the last several years, all-cause mortality was higher in those with asthma. There were ~ 7 deaths/1000 in the population with asthma versus ~ 5 deaths/1000 in those without asthma.

Conclusions
The incidence of asthma decreased in both females and males while prevalence continued to increase, although at a slower rate than previously. All-cause mortality in asthma patients was higher than in those without asthma, but both decreased over time.
Esophageal emergencies: another important cause of acute chest pain
Authors: Masarapu Venkat , Xia Eva , Son Hongju 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA variety of esophageal pathologies can present emergently with a chief complaint of acute chest pain. Computed tomography (CT) is often the first line of imaging in esophageal emergencies and provides useful information—even without an initial suspicion—when used in conjunction with other imaging modalities such as esophagography and direct visualization. We review various urgent and emergent esophageal disease entities which may manifest as acute chest pain, with an emphasis on CT and ancillary imaging appearances, while discussing management according to their emergency. Radiologists should be familiar with the imaging findings of these esophageal emergencies in order to provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend timely and appropriate management.
Inhibition of hypertrophy and improving chondrocyte differentiation by MMP-13 inhibitor small molecule encapsulated in alginate-chondroitin sulfate-platelet lysate hydrogel
Authors: Jahangir Shahrbanoo , Eglin David , Pötter Naomi , Khozaei Ravari Mojtaba , Stoddart Martin J. , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali , Alini Mauro , Baghaban Eslaminejad Mohammadreza , Safa Majid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem cells are a promising cell source for chondrogenic differentiation and have been widely used in several preclinical and clinical studies. However, they are prone to an unwanted differentiation process towards hypertrophy that limits their therapeutic efficacy. Matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP-13) is a well-known factor regulated during this undesirable event. MMP-13 is a collagen degrading enzyme, which is also highly expressed in the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate and in OA cartilage. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of MMP-13 inhibition on MSC hypertrophy.

Methods
In this study, 5-bromoindole-2-carboxylic acid (BICA) was used as an inhibitory agent for MMP-13 expression. After identifying its optimal concentration, BICA was mixed into a hydrogel and the release rate was studied. To prepare the ideal hydrogel, chondroitin sulfate (CS) and platelet lysate (PL) were mixed with sodium alginate (Alg) at concentrations selected based on synergistic mechanical and rheometric properties. Then, four hydrogels were prepared by combining alginate (1.5%w/v) and/or CS (1%w/v) and/or PL (20%v/v). The chondrogenic potential and progression to hypertrophy of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBM-MSC)-loaded hydrogels were investigated under free swelling and mechanical loading conditions, in the presence and absence of BICA.

Results
Viability of hBM-MSCs seeded in the four hydrogels was similar. qRT-PCR revealed that BICA could successfully inhibit MMP-13 expression, which led to an inhibition of Coll X and induction of Coll-II, in both free swelling and loading conditions. The GAG deposition was higher in the group combining BICA and mechanical stimulation.

Conclusions
It is concluded that BICA inhibition of MMP-13 reduces MSC hypertrophy during chondrogenesis.

Graphical abstract
Precursory ground deformation of the 2018 phreatic eruption on Iwo-Yama volcano, revealed by four-dimensional joint analysis of airborne and spaceborne InSAR
Authors: Narita Shohei , Ozawa Taku , Aoki Yosuke , Shimada Masanobu , Furuya Masato , Takada Youichiro , Murakami Makoto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present detailed maps of local-scale 3D deformation preceding the 2018 phreatic eruption at Iwo-yama volcano (south of Kyushu Island, Japan), using a combination of airborne and spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data. The 3D and 2.5D deformation maps obtained at different periods allow us to successfully track their spatiotemporal evolution and to infer the transition of subsurface conditions responsible for the precursory deformation observed from 2014 to 2018. From 2014 to 2016, ground inflation depicted an axisymmetric pattern with the maximum displacement at the center of the deformed area. However, from 2016 to 2018, an inflation peak moved to the southern edge of the area deformed during 2014–2016 and became more localized, which was close to the newly generated vents in the 2018 eruption. Modeling of the inflations suggests that pressurization within a crack at a depth of 150 m beneath the Iwo-yama geothermal area caused the 2014–2016 deformation and had continued until the 2018 eruption. Modeling results highlight the persistence of the local ground inflation pattern just above the southern edge of the crack, which suggests the presence of a shallower inflation source contributing to the local inflation. Consequently, we interpret the sequence of these deformations as follows: from 2014, deeper-rooted fluid started to inject into a fluid-saturated crack at 150-m depth, which caused the 2014–2016 deformation. Then, after 2016, the crack inflation continued because of the continuous fluid injection and formed another pressurized part directly above the southern tip of the crack. Additionally, the results of the time-series analysis of the satellite InSAR data revealed that the local inflation started around April 2017 for which thermal activity including a mud emission became pronounced around the location of the local inflation. As a result of an episodic increase in supply rate of magmatic fluids from a deep magma reservoir from early 2018, a phreatic eruption finally occurred in the vicinity of the most deformed point, providing a clue for predicting future eruption sites, as was also observed in the Hakone 2015 eruption.
Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care follow up at Wollega University referral hospital, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Kejela Gemechu , Wakgari Aga , Tesfaye Tariku , Turi Ebisa , Adugna Moa , Alemu Netsanet , Jebessa Latera 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Even if anemia is a worldwide public health problem affecting numerous people in all age groups, particularly the burden of the problem is higher among pregnant women. Anemia is estimated to contribute to more than 115,000 maternal deaths and 591,000 prenatal deaths globally per year. Maternal mortality is the prime health indicator in any society. Therefore, determining the prevalence of anemia and assessing its associated factors among pregnant women might help for the intervention of the problem.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women attending Antenatal Care (ANC) at Wollega University Referral Hospital, Western Ethiopia.

Methods and materials
Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted at antenatal care (ANC) departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and MCH at Wollega University Referral Hospital from July 15–22, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study unit. The data were collected using questionnaires, physical examination, and laboratory investigation. After collection, the data were entered using Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of anemia. Finally, the result was presented using text, tables, and charts.

Results
The overall prevalence of anemia using a cut off level of hemoglobin < 11 g/dl (< 33% Haematocrit) was 51 (17.8%). Out of all anemic pregnant women, 19 (37.25%) were mildly anemic, 24 (47%) were moderately anemic and 8 (15.68%) were severely anemic. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that Birth interval of less than 2 years (AOR = 2.56 CI [2.84–4.52]), history of malarial attack in the past 12 months (AOR = 2.585 CI [1.181–5.656]) and engaging into daily laborer occupation (AOR = 8.33 CI [2.724–25.497]) showed significant association with maternal anemia.

Conclusions
The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in this study is high. Having a birth interval of < 2 years, having a history of malarial attack in the past 12 months, and being engaged in daily laborer occupation were factors associated with anemia among pregnant women. Thus, contraceptive methods and information to space children, information, and services to prevent malaria and economically empowering women is needed to prevent anemia among pregnant women in the study area.
RP-HPLC method development and validation for the quantification of Efonidipine hydrochloride in HME processed solid dispersions
Authors: Rajput Ashish S. , Jha Durgesh K. , Gurram Sharda , Shah Devanshi S. , Amin Purnima D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Efonidipine hydrochloride (EFO) is a poorly water-soluble drug and, hence, has poor bioavailability. Solid dispersions (SDs) of EFO using Eudragit EPO were prepared using hot-melt extrusion (HME) for the first time. The current study aims at developing a simple RP-HPLC method to quantify EFO in the developed SDs.

Results
The chromatographic separation was carried out on an Agilent Eclipsed XDB-C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm), packed with 5 μm particles. The optimized mobile phase consisted of HPLC grade acetonitrile and 0.020 mol/L KH2PO4 (pH 2.5) buffer in the ratio of 85:15 v/v with a flow rate optimized at 1.2 ml/min. The developed method was validated for system suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The linearity results showed an excellent linear relationship between the drug concentration and peak area, indicating the peak area is directly proportional to the analyte concentration within a specific range and an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.9998. Intermediate precision and repeatability confirmed that the method provides precise results with %RSD value less than 2% for EFO. The assay results of the developed formulations were in the acceptable range with RSD less than 2%. The enhanced drug dissolution from the Eudragit EPO carrier with 10% Citric Acid (CA) is attributed to the conversion of the drug from crystalline to amorphous form, and microenvironmental acidic pH provided by CA.

Conclusion
In a nutshell, the developed RP-HPLC method showed excellent ability to differentiate the formulations and highlights the role of the polymer and the plasticizer.

Graphical abstract
Comparison of Percentage Prolonged Times to Tracheal Extubation Between a Japanese Teaching Hospital and One in the United States, Without and With a Phase I Postanesthesia Care Unit
Authors: Sugiyama Daisuke , Dexter Franklin , Thenuwara Kokila , Ueda Kenichi 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Prolonged times to tracheal extubation are those from end of surgery (dressing on the patient) to extubation 15 minutes or longer. They are so long that others in the operating room (OR) generally have exhausted whatever activities can be done. They cause delays in the starts of surgeons’ to-follow cases and are associated with longer duration workdays. Anesthesiologists rate them as being inferior quality. We compare prolonged times to extubation between a teaching hospital in the United States with a phase I postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and a teaching hospital in Japan without a PACU. Our report is especially important during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Anesthesiologists with some patients undergoing general anesthetics and having initial PACU recovery in the ORs where they had surgery can learn from the Japanese anesthesiologists with all patients recovering in ORs.

METHODS:
The historical cohort study included all patients undergoing gynecological surgery at a US hospital (N = 785) or Japanese hospital (N = 699), with the time from OR entrance to end of surgery of at least 4 hours.

RESULTS:
The mean times from end of surgery to OR exit were slightly longer at the US hospital than at the Japanese hospital (mean difference 1.9 minutes, P < .0001). The mean from end of surgery to discharge to surgical ward at the US hospital also was longer (P < .0001), mean difference 2.2 hours. The sample standard deviations of times from end of surgery until tracheal extubation was 40 minutes for the US hospital versus 4 minutes at the Japanese hospital (P < .0001). Prolonged times to tracheal extubation were 39% of cases at the US hospital versus 6% at the Japanese hospital; relative risk 6.40, 99% confidence interval (CI), 4.28–9.56. Neither patient demographics, case characteristics, surgeon, anesthesiologist, nor anesthesia provider significantly revised the risk ratio. There were 39% of times to extubation that were prolonged among the patients receiving neither remifentanil nor desflurane (all such patients at the US hospital) versus 6% among the patients receiving both remifentanil and desflurane (all at the Japanese hospital). The relative risk 7.12 (99% CI, 4.59–11.05) was similar to that for the hospital groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Differences in anesthetic practice can facilitate major differences in patient recovery soon after anesthesia, useful when the patient will recover initially in the OR or if the phase I PACU is expected to be unable to admit the patient.
Global Flows and the Changing Place Identity of Myŏng-dong
Authors: Oh Youjeong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article examines the recent transformation of Myŏng-dong, which has been brought about by a constellation of global forces. The number of retail stores selling affordable cosmetics has mushroomed since 2008, and they are now the area’s primary occupants despite its notoriously high rent, which has led to the area’s becoming identified as Cosme Road. An enormous number of foreign tourists, driven by Korean entertainment, now demand budget cosmetics. Consequently, the agglomeration of cosmetics stores and the consolidation of a place identity have reinforced each other, which has attracted even more customers, and because the pace of tourist mobility and the size of the crowds matter to the area’s turnover rates, various measures are practiced to hasten customer circulation so that they consume Hallyu images and then quickly exit the area. This article interprets the phenomenon in Myŏng-dong in terms of multidirectional global flows, which have transformed the area’s materiality and cultural meanings: the outward Hallyu, the construction of Korean beauty inspired by Hallyu, the global reach of the cosmetics industry that employs Hallyu, and Hallyu-driven transnational tourism. Multirealm global connections have not only reconfigured the place dynamics of Myŏng-dong but also complicated its place meanings by turning the area into a site for the projection of Hallyu desires associated with capital accumulation.
Identification of key features required for efficient S-acylation and plasma membrane targeting of sprouty-2
Authors: Locatelli Carolina , Lemonidis Kimon , Salaun Christine , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O. , Chamberlain Luke H. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Sprouty-2 is an important regulator of growth factor signalling and a tumour suppressor protein. The defining feature of this protein is a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) that contains twenty-six cysteine residues and is modified by S-acylation. In this study, we show that the CRD of sprouty-2 is differentially modified by S-acyltransferase enzymes. The high specificity/low activity zDHHC17 enzyme mediated restricted S-acylation of sprouty-2, and cysteine-265 and -268 were identified as key targets of this enzyme. In contrast, the low specificity/high activity zDHHC3 and zDHHC7 enzymes mediated more expansive modification of the sprouty-2 CRD. Nevertheless, S-acylation by all enzymes enhanced sprouty-2 expression, suggesting that S-acylation stabilises this protein. In addition, we identified two charged residues (aspartate-214 and lysine-223), present on opposite faces of a predicted α-helix in the CRD, which are essential for S-acylation of sprouty-2. Interestingly, mutations that perturbed S-acylation also led to a loss of plasma membrane localisation of sprouty-2 in PC12 cells. This study provides insight into the mechanisms and outcomes of sprouty-2 S-acylation, and highlights distinct patterns of S-acylation mediated by different classes of zDHHC enzymes.
A novel coordinated function of Myosin II with GOLPH3 controls centralspindlin localization during cytokinesis in Drosophila
Authors: Sechi Stefano , Frappaolo Anna , Karimpour-Ghahnavieh Angela , Fraschini Roberta , Giansanti Maria Grazia 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
In animal cell cytokinesis, interaction of non-muscle myosin II (NMII) with F-actin provides the dominant force for pinching the mother cell into two daughters. Here we demonstrate that celibe (cbe) is a missense allele of zipper, which encodes the Drosophila Myosin heavy chain. Mutation of cbe impairs binding of Zipper protein to the regulatory light chain Spaghetti squash (Sqh). In dividing spermatocytes from cbe males, Sqh fails to concentrate at the equatorial cortex, resulting in thin actomyosin rings that are unable to constrict. We show that cbe mutation impairs localization of the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P]-binding protein Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3, also known as Sauron) and maintenance of centralspindlin at the cell equator of telophase cells. Our results further demonstrate that GOLPH3 protein associates with Sqh and directly binds the centralspindlin subunit Pavarotti. We propose that during cytokinesis, the reciprocal dependence between Myosin and PI(4)P–GOLPH3 regulates centralspindlin stabilization at the invaginating plasma membrane and contractile ring assembly.
Mechanosensitive Fluorescent Probes, Changing Color Like Lobsters during Cooking: Cascade Switching Variations
Authors: Kato Takehiro , Strakova Karolina , García-Calvo José , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fluorescent flipper probes have been introduced recently to image physical forces in biology. Their design is inspired by the combination of planarization and polarization that makes the color of astaxanthin, a carotenoid, turn blue in living lobsters or shrimps. Flipper probes are constructed around twisted dithienothiophene dimers. Upon planarization, donors and acceptors placed on both sides are coupled to generate push-pull systems that shift excitation maxima to the red, while the emission wavelength is mechanoinsensitive. To assure chemical stability, these donors and acceptors have to turn on only upon planarization. In living lobster, this is achieved most beautifully with non-covalent hydrogen bonds to and from the surrounding, planarizing protein. With flipper probes, the unorthodox chalcogen bonds prove best to produce turn-on donors and acceptors. The specific objective of this study was to explore different turn-on donors for the resulting chalcogen-bonding cascade switches. The focus is on substitution of the original triazoles with ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and ortho-hydroxyphenyl (HOP) donors. Design, synthesis and evaluation of the respective flipper probes are described.
Synthesis of Defect and Valence State Tuned Metal Oxide Nanoparticles with Colloid Chemical Solution Process: Control of Optical and Electrical Characteristics
Authors: Uekawa Naofumi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dialysis and peptization, which are colloid chemical solution processes, are simple and effective techniques for controlling hydrolysis of hydrated metal cations. These synthetic processes preparation of stable sol with dispersion of doped oxide nanoparticles with wide molar fraction range from metal chloride aqueous and glycol solutions. Furthermore, control and introduction of lattice defects can be possible due to low temperature synthesis below 373 K. Design of optical and electrical characteristics of oxide nanoparticles by the solutions processes can be realized by controlling the situation of doping and lattice defects.