bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The long-term effectiveness and acceptability of the retailer-led removal of unhealthy drinks from display in a self-service café
Authors: Ryan Angela , Huse Oliver , Blake Miranda R , Boelsen-Robinson Tara , Noble Kia , Peeters Anna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:In 2015, beverages were removed from display at a self-service café within a major health service, resulting in fewer purchases of unhealthy beverages. This initiative was continued following initial evaluation of the results. The current study aimed to determine customer acceptability of the initiative, and whether healthier purchases had continued, at 18 months following implementation.Design:Drinks were categorised as ‘green’ (best choices), ‘amber’ (choose carefully) and ‘red’ (limit), based on the state government nutrient profiling system, for intervention and analysis purposes. In 2015, unhealthy ‘red’ drinks were removed from display. In 2017, weekly beverage sales were counted, through stock-taking, for 6 weeks, and customer surveys were conducted over 2 days.Setting:A café located within a major Victorian health service.Participants:Café customers (hospital staff, patients and visitors).Results:Eighteen months after the implementation of the initiative, the proportion of ‘red’ beverages sold was 7 % of total drink sales (compared with 33 % before the removal of unhealthy beverages from display in 2015 (P < 0·001), and 10 % immediately following the removal of unhealthy beverages from display). Customer surveys revealed high levels of acceptability for the initiative and low levels of awareness of the initiative.Conclusions:The removal of unhealthy beverages from display can result in customers making healthier purchases, and this appears to continue over the long-term. Such interventions have the potential to contribute to the sustained shift in population purchases and consumption needed to make meaningful improvements to population health.
Subsidy Determination, Benchmarks, and Adverse Inferences: Assessing ‘Benefit' in US–Coated Paper (Indonesia)
Authors: Beaulieu Eugene , Prévost Denise 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a legal-economic analysis of key aspects of the WTO Panel Report involving a challenge by Indonesia against the anti-dumping and countervailing duties imposed by the US on certain coated paper from Indonesia. We focus on the findings in this case relevant to the determination of a ‘benefit’ to the recipient, a core requirement to establish the existence and extent of a subsidy. We examine benchmarking for determining benefit in cases of predominant government ownership of a natural resource and the use of ‘adverse facts available’ against a non-cooperative respondent to infer the existence of a benefit. The benefit analysis in this case may have broader implications. First, it may limit the scope for governments to determine their own policies regarding the ownership and management of natural resources. Second, it may create a loophole allowing investigating authorities to fill gaps in the factual record by intentionally using the ‘facts available’ to the disadvantage of a respondent. In both cases, the panel's findings may open the door to potential misuse of these flexibilities to find a benefit where none exists, or to inflate the margin of benefit to allow for higher countervailing duties.
The practice and research of cognitive behavioural therapy in Egypt: a review of the current status
Authors: Aly Reham , Ramy Hisham , Rathod Shanaya 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is generally defined as a short-term, problem-oriented psychotherapy that focuses on modifying dysfunctional emotions, thoughts and actions. In clinical practice, CBT consists of a number of cognitive and behavioural techniques that aim to help patients suffering from psychological disorders. The practice of CBT is well established in Western countries. In non-Western countries, CBT is still in the process of being established as the evidence-based psychotherapy. Despite being the heart of the Arab world, the development and practice of psychotherapy in Egypt in general, and CBT specifically, is still emerging. The training and practice of CBT has received a mixed response in Egypt. In practical settings, evidence-based CBT is subject to individual and cultural variations and adaptations. Many local studies examining the efficacy of CBT in psychiatric disorders among different population groups in Egypt have been conducted. Unfortunately, many of these studies have not been published and therefore have missed the opportunity for international recognition. The current review aims to explore the practice of CBT with a specific focus on national research of efficacy and adaptability of CBT for different populations in Egypt.

Key learning aims

(1)
Current status of the practice and education of CBT in Egypt.

(2)
Body of research conducted on CBT in Egypt.

(3)
Needs and recommendations for further development of CBT provision in Egypt.
Hydrogen Variability in the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Thomas N. H. , Ehlmann B. L. , Rapin W. , Rivera‐Hernández F. , Stein N. T. , Frydenvang J. , Gabriel T. , Meslin P.‐Y. , Maurice S. , Wiens R. C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover is exploring the Murray formation, a sequence of heterolithic mudstones and sandstones recording fluvial deltaic and lake deposits that comprise over 350 m of sedimentary strata within Gale crater. We examine >4,500 Murray formation bedrock points, employing recent laboratory calibrations for ChemCam laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy H measurements at millimeter scale. Bedrock in the Murray formation has an interquartile range of 2.3–3.1 wt.% H2O, similar to measurements using the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons and Sample Analysis at Mars instruments. However, specific stratigraphic intervals include high H targets (6–18 wt.% H2O) correlated with Si, Mg, Ca, Mn, or Fe, indicating units with opal, hydrated Mg sulfates, hydrated Ca sulfates, Mn‐enriched units, and akageneite or other iron oxyhydroxides, respectively. One stratigraphic interval with higher hydrogen is the Sutton Island unit and Blunts Point unit contact, where higher hydrogen is associated with Fe‐rich, Ca‐rich, and Mg‐rich points. A second interval with higher hydrogen occurs in the Vera Rubin ridge portion of the Murray formation, where higher hydrogen is associated with Fe‐rich, Ca‐rich, and Si‐rich points. We also observe trends in the H signal with grain size, separate from chemical variation, whereby coarser‐grained rocks have higher hydrogen. Variability in the hydrogen content of rocks points to a history of water‐rock interaction at Gale crater that included changes in lake water chemistry during Murray formation deposition and multiple subsequent groundwater episodes.
Spatial heterogeneity of oxygenation and haemodynamics in breast cancer resolved in vivo by conical multispectral optoacoustic mesoscopy
Authors: Li Jiao , Chekkoury Andrei , Prakash Jaya , Glasl Sarah , Vetschera Paul , Koberstein-Schwarz Benno , Olefir Ivan , Gujrati Vipul , Omar Murad , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe characteristics of tumour development and metastasis relate not only to genomic heterogeneity but also to spatial heterogeneity, associated with variations in the intratumoural arrangement of cell populations, vascular morphology and oxygen and nutrient supply. While optical (photonic) microscopy is commonly employed to visualize the tumour microenvironment, it assesses only a few hundred cubic microns of tissue. Therefore, it is not suitable for investigating biological processes at the level of the entire tumour, which can be at least four orders of magnitude larger. In this study, we aimed to extend optical visualization and resolve spatial heterogeneity throughout the entire tumour volume. We developed an optoacoustic (photoacoustic) mesoscope adapted to solid tumour imaging and, in a pilot study, offer the first insights into cancer optical contrast heterogeneity in vivo at an unprecedented resolution of <50 μm throughout the entire tumour mass. Using spectral methods, we resolve unknown patterns of oxygenation, vasculature and perfusion in three types of breast cancer and showcase different levels of structural and functional organization. To our knowledge, these results are the most detailed insights of optical signatures reported throughout entire tumours in vivo, and they position optoacoustic mesoscopy as a unique investigational tool linking microscopic and macroscopic observations.
Seasonality impels the antibiotic resistance in Kelani River of the emerging economy of Sri Lanka
Authors: Kumar Manish , Chaminda G. G. Tushara , Honda Ryo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic-resistant gene, and metal concentration in a tropical river of Sri Lanka as a pre-emptive effort to understand the seasonal impact on their prevalence. Resistance for norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, kanamycin monosulfate (KM), tetracycline (TC), and sulfamethoxazole (ST) was measured with Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The prevalence of Escherichia coli ranged from 10 to 27 CFU (colony-forming unit) ml−1 in Kelani River in Sri Lanka, and most of the E. coli isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. However, the resistance for TC and ST was much higher than other antibiotics. We found that the resistance percentage for older antibiotics like TC and ST was higher than the newer antibiotics. We detected genes that confer resistance to TCs, sulfonamides, β-lactams, and fluoroquinolones. Seasonal variation in the resistance of fluoroquinolones was much higher than the non-fluoroquinolones, but the effect was antagonistic. Overall, the significant seasonal variations imply the importance of mixed source and environmental conditions for development and transmission of antibiotic resistance.
Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Shaw Brian , Borchers Michael , Zander Dani , Gupta Nishant 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a diffuse cystic lung disease that is strongly associated with exposure to cigarette smoke. Recently, activating pathogenic mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway have been described in the dendritic cells in patients with PLCH and have firmly established PLCH to be an inflammatory myeloid neoplasm. Disease course and prognosis in PLCH are highly variable among individual patients, ranging from spontaneous resolution to development of pulmonary hypertension and progression to terminal respiratory failure. A subset of patients with PLCH may have extrapulmonary involvement, typically involving the skeletal system in the form of lytic lesions, skin lesions, or the central nervous system most commonly manifesting in the form of diabetes insipidus. Smoking cessation is the cornerstone of treatment in patients with PLCH and can lead to disease regression or stabilization in a substantial proportion of patients. Further insight into the underlying molecular pathogenesis of PLCH has paved the way for the future development of disease-specific biomarkers and targeted treatment options directed against the central disease-driving mutations.
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis Syndrome
Authors: Kelly Alan , McCarthy Cormac 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a syndrome characterized by progressive accumulation of pulmonary surfactant. This results in dyspnea, secondary pulmonary and systemic infection, and in some cases respiratory failure. PAP syndrome occurs in distinct diseases, classified according to pathogenetic mechanism; these include primary PAP (due to disruption of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF] signaling), secondary PAP (due to reduction in alveolar macrophage numbers/functions), and congenital PAP (due to disruption of surfactant production). In primary PAP, the most common cause is autoimmune PAP, which accounts for over 90% of all PAP syndrome. The pathogenesis is driven by reduced GM-CSF-signaling causing abnormal alveolar macrophage function which subsequently results in impaired alveolar surfactant clearance. Autoimmune PAP can be accurately diagnosed by serum GM-CSF autoantibody levels and there now exist other diagnostic tests for rare causes of PAP syndrome. The current standard treatment is whole lung lavage; however, there is emerging evidence to support the use of novel therapeutic approaches, including inhaled GM-CSF, immune modulation, gene and cell therapy, and targeting macrophage cholesterol homeostasis. Furthermore, several innovative approaches to monitor disease severity and response to therapy have recently been developed.
Clinical Decision-Making in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Fernández Pérez Evans R. , Koelsch Tilman L. , Leone Paolo M. , Groshong Steve D. , Lynch David A. , Brown Kevin K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis review provides an updated approach to the diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). The importance of using a multidisciplinary discussion to increase diagnostic and treatment confidence is emphasized. The role of Bayesian reasoning is highlighted throughout, underscoring the importance of hypothesis generation (differential diagnosis) and diagnostic test interpretation based on the probability of HP. Probability estimates of diagnostic certainty (i.e., a confident versus a working diagnosis) and treatment thresholds are carefully examined.Therapeutically, beyond antigen avoidance and newly available antifibrotic therapy for patients with a progressive fibrosing phenotype; the role, timing, and expected response to anti-inflammatory therapy in individual patients are unanswered questions. Since the evidence and validation of testing generally performed during the diagnostic work-up and longitudinal monitoring of HP is feeble at best, the viewpoints discussed are not intended to resolve current controversies but rather to provide a conceptual framework for evaluating discordant information when evaluating and caring for patients with HP.
Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema
Authors: Bolaki Maria , Antoniou Katerina M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCombined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a clinical entity characterized by the combination of upper lobe emphysema and lower lobe fibrosis, the latter owing to various interstitial lung diseases. These patients have a characteristic lung function profile, with relatively preserved dynamic and static lung volumes, contrasting with a significant reduction of carbon monoxide transfer. The pathogenic mechanisms leading to the coexistence of emphysema with fibrosis remain unclear and different theories have been proposed. CPFE is frequently complicated by pulmonary hypertension, acute exacerbations, and lung cancer leading to poor natural history and prognosis. The syndrome of CPFE represents a distinct pulmonary manifestation in the spectrum of lung diseases associated with connective tissue diseases. Currently, there are no established recommendations regarding the management of patients with CPFE. We provide a review on the existing knowledge of CPFE regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, radiologic appearance, complications, prognosis, and possible treatment options.
Hermansky–Pudlak Syndrome
Authors: De Jesus Rojas Wilfredo , Young Lisa R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a multisystemic autosomal recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis, and lethal pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in some HPS subtypes. During middle adulthood, ground-glass opacities, reticulation, and traction bronchiectasis develop with progression of PF. HPS is an orphan disease occurring in 1 in 500,000 to 1,000,000 individuals worldwide, though the prevalence is 1 in 1,800 in individuals with Puerto Rican heritage. Recessive mutations or disruptions in HPS genes alter the function of HPS proteins which are components of biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complexes and are critical for intracellular protein trafficking. Diagnosis and management of HPS-related comorbidities represent a challenge to physicians, and a multidisciplinary clinical approach is necessary for early detection, health management, and surveillance of PF in patients with HPS types 1, 2, and 4. Treatment options for individuals with HPS-PF include pirfenidone and lung transplantation. In this article, we describe the epidemiology, genetics, clinical manifestations, and management of HPS.
New Developments in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Cysts in Birt–Hogg–Dubé Syndrome
Authors: Kennedy John C. , Khabibullin Damir , Boku Yoseph , Shi Wei , Henske Elizabeth P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBirt–Hogg–Dubé (BHD) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline loss-of-function mutations in Folliculin gene (FLCN). BHD is characterized by lower lobe-predominant pulmonary cysts with risk of pneumothorax, benign skin tumors (fibrofolliculomas), and renal cell carcinoma, often of an unusual chromophobe/oncocytic hybrid histology. The FLCN protein functions in multiple signaling and metabolic pathways including positive regulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity via FLCN's GTPase (GAP) activity for Rag C, positive regulation of Wnt signaling (in mesenchymal cells), and negative regulation of TFE3 nuclear localization. Therefore, FLCN-deficient cells are predicted to have reduced mTORC1 and Wnt activity and enhanced TFE3 activity. Folliculin also has functions in autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, cell-cell adhesion, 5′ AMP activated protein kinase activity, and other pathways. The specific contributions of these pathways to the lung manifestations of BHD are largely unknown. This review is focused on the pulmonary manifestations of BHD, highlighting selected recent advances in elucidating the cellular functions of FLCN and current hypotheses related to the pathogenesis of cystic lung disease in BHD, including the “stretch hypothesis.” We also discuss important knowledge gaps in the field, including the genetic, cellular and physical mechanisms of cyst pathogenesis, and the timing of cyst initiation, which may occur during lung development.
Rational design of peptides for identification of linear epitopes and generation of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against DKK2 for cancer therapy
Authors: Zhao Rongqing , Xiao Qian , Li Maohua , Ren Wenlin , Xia Chenxi , Liu Xudong , Li Yingzi , Tan Tan , Wu Dianqing , Sun Le 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Dickkopf-related protein 2 (DKK2)is a member of the Dickkopf family in Wnt signaling pathway. Recently, we found that antibodies against DKK2 could activate natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cells in tumors and inhibit tumor growth. In this paper, we report the rational design of peptides for identification of linear epitopes and generation of neutralizing monoclonal anti-DKK2 antibodies. To break the immune tolerance, we designed and chemically synthesized six peptides corresponding to different regions of DKK2 as immunogens and found five of them could generate mouse polyclonal antibodies that can bind to the active recombinant human DKK2 protein. Neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies (5F8 and 1A10) against human DKK2 were successfully developed by immunizing the mice with two different peptides (34KLNSIKSSL42 and 240KVWKDATYS248) conjugated to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The monoclonal antibodies not only abolish DKK2’s suppression of Wnt signaling in vitro but also inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Currently, those two mAbs are undergoing humanization as immunotherapy candidates and may offer a new drug for treatment of human cancers.
Bulb Cannula Safety for Breast Fat Grafting
Authors: Sforza Marcos , Martinez Nicole , Araujo Nathalia , de Mezerville Roberto , Castro Jose Andrés 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Autologous fat transfer is a common technique to refine the contour of the breast after prosthetic augmentation or reconstruction, correcting remaining asymmetries by injecting previously harvested fat tissue with a cannula. Current procedures are often performed without visualization of the cannula at the delivery site and may require subsequent verification of the implant’s integrity. The present paper aims to evaluate the safety of a new bulb tip cannula to be used during breast implant procedures for injecting fat adjacent to a breast implant that reduce the risk of damaging the implant. Two conventional cannulae and 3 bulb cannulae, which have an atraumatic distal tip, were tested in a simulated implant-puncture setting in 3 positions (at 0°, 45°, and 90° of incidence). A Tensile Tester (Instron, High Wycombe, UK) was used to apply force with each cannula device and record the amount of force applied in the attempt to penetrate the implants used, with shell layers having a variable thickness. No implant rupture was observed with the bulb tip cannulae regardless of size or the position in which the cannulae were pressed against the implants. The cannula opening was not impeded and tended to bend instead; 27% of the cases with the conventional lipo-cannulae caused an implant rupture. The bulb tip cannula could enhance the safety of the fat transfer procedure by ensuring no iatrogenic implant disruption and optimal delivery of the fat tissue.
A novel deep learning method for predictive modeling of microbiome data
Authors: Wang Ye , Bhattacharya Tathagata , Jiang Yuchao , Qin Xiao , Wang Yue , Liu Yunlong , Saykin Andrew J , Chen Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the development and decreasing cost of next-generation sequencing technologies, the study of the human microbiome has become a rapid expanding research field, which provides an unprecedented opportunity in various clinical applications such as drug response predictions and disease diagnosis. It is thus essential and desirable to build a prediction model for clinical outcomes based on microbiome data that usually consist of taxon abundance and a phylogenetic tree. Importantly, all microbial species are not uniformly distributed in the phylogenetic tree but tend to be clustered at different phylogenetic depths. Therefore, the phylogenetic tree represents a unique correlation structure of microbiome, which can be an important prior to improve the prediction performance. However, prediction methods that consider the phylogenetic tree in an efficient and rigorous way are under-developed. Here, we develop a novel deep learning prediction method MDeep (microbiome-based deep learning method) to predict both continuous and binary outcomes. Conceptually, MDeep designs convolutional layers to mimic taxonomic ranks with multiple convolutional filters on each convolutional layer to capture the phylogenetic correlation among microbial species in a local receptive field and maintain the correlation structure across different convolutional layers via feature mapping. Taken together, the convolutional layers with its built-in convolutional filters capture microbial signals at different taxonomic levels while encouraging local smoothing and preserving local connectivity induced by the phylogenetic tree. We use both simulation studies and real data applications to demonstrate that MDeep outperforms competing methods in both regression and binary classifications. Availability and Implementation: MDeep software is available at https://github.com/lichen-lab/MDeep Contact:chen61@iu.edu