bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low prevalence of mismatch repair deficiency in Chinese colorectal cancers: a multicenter study
Authors: Jiang Wu , Sui Qiao-Qi , Li Wen-Liang , Ke Chuan-Feng , Ling Yi-Hong , Liao Le-En , Zhu Zhu , Cai Mu-Yan , Luo Jun , Mao Lin-Lin , Zhang Hui-Zhong , Wan De-Sen , Pan Zhi-Zhong , Ju Hai-Xing , Ding Pei-Rong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Although universal testing for mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) has been recommended to all colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, related evidence for the Chinese population is lacking. Here, we investigated the prevalence and clinicopathological features of dMMR patients in a large Chinese CRC cohort.

Methods
We included 7,373 CRC patients treated at four Chinese medical centers between August 2010 and September 2016. Patients’ baseline characteristics and pathological features were recorded. The clinicopathological features were compared between patients with MLH1/PMS2 deficiency (dMLH1/PMS2) and MSH2/MSH6 deficiency (dMSH2/MSH6).

Results
Among the investigated patients, 654 (8.9%) were identified with dMMR CRCs and, of them, 401 (61.3%) were males, with a median age of 55 years (range, 22–87 years); 355 (54.3%) had stage II CRC based on American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition. The prevalence of the dMLH1/PMS2 group and the dMSH2/MSH6 group were 51.5% (337/654) and 25.1% (164/654), respectively. Compared with dMSH2/MSH6 patients, those with dMLH1/PMS2 were older (57 vs 52 years, P &lt; 0.001), more likely to be female (45.7% vs 31.5%, P = 0.004), prone to having tumors located in the right-hand side of the colon (59.0% vs 47.6%, P = 0.015), and less likely to have a family history of tumors (29.7% vs 43.3%, P = 0.003).

Conclusions
The prevalence of dMMR in Chinese CRC patients was low, especially in the dMLH1/PMS2 group. The clinicopathological features were different between dMMR subgroups.
Participatory approaches, local stakeholders and cultural relevance facilitate an impactful community-based project in Uganda
Authors: O’Donovan James , Thompson Andrew , Stiles Christina , Opintan Japheth A , Kabali Ken , Willis Ian , Mutimba Mwebe Edward , Nalweyiso Elizabeth , Mugabi Henry , Kateete David P , Ameniko Matthew , Govina George , Weberman Rachel , O’Neil Edward , Winters Niall , Mutreja Ankur 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sanitation is a major global challenge that is often addressed at national and international levels, while community opinions and beliefs are neglected. To promote water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) we organized a cross-cultural knowledge exchange workshop to assess participatory methods for engaging local stakeholders. The workshop included 22 participants from all sectors of society. Practical solutions to sanitation challenges were identified and later shared with a local community. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were used to assess impact and showed participatory methods were highly valued to encourage information sharing among widely varied stakeholders, and that video was a particularly successful approach when engaging with local communities. An 8-month follow-up survey of village members revealed excellent information recall, positive behaviour changes and a desire for future visits. Our evidence suggests that community-based participation helped identify solutions to WASH issues affecting rural communities in resource-poor settings. Engaging in a multicultural knowledge-share was particularly valuable as it enabled participants to recognize they have common challenges and allowed them to share low-cost solutions from their different communities. Our use of video was widely viewed as an ideal means of circulating findings, as it communicated information to people with a wide variety of community roles and to all age groups. Its relevance was increased by adopting a culturally appropriate context by involving local communities in workshop activities. We recommend that research in low- and middle-income countries should be mindful of the environmental context in which WASH is implemented, and encourage acceptance by engaging with communities through the use of varied participatory methods.
Induced Ketosis as a Treatment for Neuroprogressive Disorders: Food for Thought?
Authors: Morris Gerwyn , Puri Basant K , Carvalho Andre , Maes Michael , Berk Michael , Ruusunen Anu , Olive Lisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInduced ketosis (or ketone body ingestion) can ameliorate several changes associated with neuroprogressive disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Thus, the effects of glucose hypometabolism can be bypassed through the entry of beta-hydroxybutyrate, providing an alternative source of energy to glucose. The weight of evidence suggests that induced ketosis reduces levels of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation—core features of the above disorders. There are also data to suggest that induced ketosis may be able to target other molecules and signaling pathways whose levels and/or activity are also known to be abnormal in at least some patients suffering from these illnesses such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, increased activity of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Sirtuin-1 nuclear factor-κB p65, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This review explains the mechanisms by which induced ketosis might reduce mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress in neuropsychiatric disorders and ameliorate abnormal levels of molecules and signaling pathways that also appear to contribute to the pathophysiology of these illnesses. This review also examines safety data relating to induced ketosis over the long term and discusses the design of future studies.
Low Sensitivity of BinaxNOW RSV in Infants
Authors: Zuurbier Roy P , Bont Louis J , Langedijk Annefleur C , Hamer Mirjam , Korsten Koos , Drysdale Simon B , Snape Matthew D , Robinson Hannah , Pollard Andrew J , Martinón-Torres Federico , Rodríguez-Tenreiro Sánchez Carmen , Gómez-Carballa Alberto , Dacosta-Urbieta Ana Isabel , Heikkinen Terho , Cunningham Steve , van Houten Marlies A , Wildenbeest Joanne G ,   RESCEU Investigators, Zuurbier Roy , Bont Louis , Langedijk Annefleur , Hamer Mirjam , Korsten Koos , van Houten Marlies , Wildenbeest Joanne , Drysdale Simon , Snape Matthew , Robinson Hannah , Pollard Andrew , Martinón-Torres Federico , Rodríguez-Tenreiro Sánchez Carmen , Gómez-Carballa Alberto , Dacosta-Urbieta Ana , Heikkinen Terho , Cunningham Steve , Nair Harish , Campbell Harry , Openshaw Peter , Beutels Philippe , Molero Eva , Meijer Adam , Kølsen Fischer Thea , van den Berge Maarten , Giaquinto Carlo , Esser Mark , Knirsch Charles , Leach Amanda , Gallichan Scott , Aerssens Jeroen , Rosen Brian , Zuurbier Roy , Bont Louis , Langedijk Annefleur , Hamer Mirjam , Korsten Koos , van Houten Marlies , Wildenbeest Joanne , Drysdale Simon , Snape Matthew , Robinson Hannah , Pollard Andrew , Martinón-Torres Federico , Rodríguez-Tenreiro Sánchez Carmen , Gómez-Carballa Alberto , Dacosta-Urbieta Ana , Heikkinen Terho , Cunningham Steve , Nair Harish , Campbell Harry , Openshaw Peter , Beutels Philippe , Molero Eva , Meijer Adam , Kølsen Fischer Thea , van den Berge Maarten , Giaquinto Carlo , Esser Mark , Knirsch Charles , Leach Amanda , Gallichan Scott , Aerssens Jeroen , Rosen Brian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospitalization in infants. Early detection of RSV can optimize clinical management and minimize use of antibiotics. BinaxNOW RSV (BN) is a rapid antigen detection test that is widely used. We aimed to validate the sensitivity of BN in hospitalized and nonhospitalized infants against the gold standard of molecular diagnosis.

Methods
We evaluated the performance of BN in infants with acute respiratory tract infections with different degrees of disease severity. Diagnostic accuracy of BN test results were compared with molecular diagnosis as reference standard.

Results
One hundred sixty-two respiratory samples from 148 children from October 2017 to February 2019 were studied. Sixty-six (40.7%) samples tested positive for RSV (30 hospitalizations, 31 medically attended episodes not requiring hospitalization, and 5 nonmedically attended episodes). Five of these samples tested positive with BN, leading to an overall sensitivity of BN of 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3%–16.5%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 96.2%–100%). Sensitivity was low in all subgroups.

Conclusions
We found a low sensitivity of BN for point-of-care detection of RSV infection. BinaxNOW RSV should be used and interpreted with caution.
Circulating Antibody-Secreting Cell Response During Mycoplasma pneumoniae Childhood Pneumonia
Authors: Meyer Sauteur Patrick M , Trück Johannes , van Rossum Annemarie M C , Berger Christoph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
We recently demonstrated that the measurement of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp)-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) improved diagnosis of Mp infection. Here, we aimed to describe Mp ASC kinetics and duration in comparison to conventional measures such as pharyngeal Mp deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and serum antibodies.

Methods
This is a prospective longitudinal study of 63 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients and 21 healthy controls (HCs), 3–18 years of age, from 2016 to 2017. Mycoplasma pneumoniae ASCs measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay were assessed alongside Mp DNA and antibodies during 6-month follow-up.

Results
Mycoplasma pneumoniae ASCs of the isotype IgM were found in 29 (46%), IgG were found in 27 (43%), and IgA were found in 27 (43%) CAP patients. Mycoplasma pneumoniae ASCs were detected from 2 days to a maximum of 6 weeks after symptom onset, whereas Mp DNA and antibodies persisted until 4 months (P = .03) and 6 months (P &lt; .01). Mycoplasma pneumoniae ASCs were undetectable in HCs, in contrast to detection of Mp DNA in 10 (48%) or antibodies in 6 (29%) controls for a prolonged time. The Mp ASC response correlated with clinical disease, but it did not differ between patients treated with or without antibiotics against Mp.

Conclusions
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-specific ASCs are short-lived and associated with clinical disease, making it an optimal resource for determining Mp pneumonia etiology.
LC–MS-MS Method for the Determination of Antidepressants and Benzodiazepines in Meconium
Authors: López-Rabuñal A , Lendoiro E , Concheiro M , López-Rivadulla M , Cruz A , de-Castro-Ríos A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An LC–MS-MS method for the determination of 14 benzodiazepines (BZDs) (alprazolam, α-hydroxyalprazolam, clonazepam, bromazepam, diazepam, nordiazepam, lorazepam, lormetazepam, oxazepam, flunitrazepam, 7-aminoflunitrazepam, triazolam, midazolam and zolpidem) and 15 antidepressants (ADs) (amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, clomipramine, norclomipramine, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, sertraline, norsertraline, paroxetine, venlafaxine, desmethylvenlafaxine, citalopram and desmethylcitalopram) in meconium was developed and validated. Meconium samples (0.25 ± 0.02 g) were homogenized in methanol and subjected to mixed-mode cation exchange solid-phase extraction. Chromatographic separation was performed in reversed phase, with a gradient of 0.1% formic acid in 2 mM ammonium formate and acetonitrile. Two different chromatographic gradient methods were employed, one for the separation of ADs and another for BZDs. Analytes were monitored by tandem mass spectrometry employing electrospray positive mode in MRM mode (2 transitions per compound). Method validation included: linearity [n = 5, limit of quantification (LOQ) to 400 ng/g], limits of detection (n = 6, 1–20 ng/g), LOQ (n = 9, 5–20 ng/g), selectivity (no endogenous or exogenous interferences), accuracy (n = 15, 90.6–111.5%), imprecision (n = 15, 0–14.6%), matrix effect (n = 10, −73 to 194.9%), extraction efficiency (n = 6, 35.9–91.2%), process efficiency (n = 6, 20.1–188.2%), stability 72 h in the autosampler (n = 3, −8.5 to 9%) and freeze/thaw stability (n = 3, −1.2 to −47%). The method was applied to four meconium specimens, which were analyzed with and without hydrolysis (enzymatic and alkaline). The authentic meconium samples tested positive for alprazolam, α-hydroxyalprazolam, clonazepam, diazepam, nordiazepam, fluoxetine, norfluoxetine, clomipramine and norclomipramine. Therefore, the present LC–MS-MS method allows a high throughput determination of the most common BZDs and ADs in meconium, which could be useful in clinical and forensic settings.
Quantification of Furanylfentanyl and its Metabolites in Human and Rat Plasma Using LC–MS-MS
Authors: Palmquist Kaitlyn B , Swortwood Madeleine J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Fentanyl analogs (novel and traditional) continue to impact the ever-growing opioid epidemic. Furanylfentanyl (FuF) is one analog equipotent to fentanyl that has documented involvement in thousands of intoxication and fatality cases around the world. Due to its prevalence, toxicologists need to improve detection and understanding of this analog. A method for the quantification of FuF and its metabolites (4-ANPP, furanyl norfentanyl (FuNorF)) in a small volume (100 μL) of human plasma by LC–MS-MS was developed and validated according to ANSI/ASB Standard. The method was cross validated in rat plasma for a future pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) study. In human plasma, calibration ranges were 0.025–25 ng/mL (FuF and 4-ANPP) and 0.5–25 ng/mL (FuNorF). Limits of detection were 0.0125 ng/mL (FuF and 4-ANPP) and 0.25 ng/mL (FuNorF). Lower limits of quantification coincided with lowest calibrator concentrations of 0.025 ng/mL (FuF and 4-ANPP) and 0.5 ng/mL (FuNorF). Precision and bias values were determined to be acceptable for all analytes. Matrix effects were acceptable for all analytes (−8.6–25.0%), except FuNorF with suppression &gt;25%. Extraction recoveries ranged from 84.5 to 98.1%. No carryover or endogenous interferences were observed. Qualitative interferences with 4-ANPP were observed from some n-acyl substituted fentanyl analogs predicted to be low-concentration standard impurities. Analytes were stable under all conditions and dilution integrity was sustained. The method was successfully cross validated in rat plasma with acceptable bias (−7.4–8.4%), precision (within-run &lt; 19%CV and between-run &lt; 12.6%CV), matrix effects (−9.3–17.2%, except FuNorF with &gt;25% suppression), recoveries (79.2–94.5%) and dilution integrity (1/2 and 1/10).
In vitro yeast reconstituted translation system reveals function of eIF5A for synthesis of long polypeptide
Authors: Abe Taisho , Nagai Riku , Shimazaki Shunta , Kondo Shunta , Nishimura Satoshi , Sakaguchi Yuriko , Suzuki Tsutomu , Imataka Hiroaki , Tomita Kozo , Takeuchi-Tomita Nono 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe have recently developed an in vitro yeast reconstituted translation system, which is capable of synthesizing long polypeptides. Utilizing the system, we examined the role of eIF5A and its hypusine modification in translating polyproline sequence within long open reading frames. We found that polyproline motif inserted at the internal position of the protein arrests translation exclusively at low Mg2+ concentrations, and peptidylpolyproline-tRNA intrinsically destabilizes 80S ribosomes. We demonstrate that unmodified eIF5A essentially resolves such ribosome stalling; however, the hypusine modification drastically stimulates ability of eIF5A to rescue polyproline-mediated ribosome stalling and is particularly important for the efficient translation of the N-terminal or long internal polyproline motifs.
Is there a relationship between femoral neck-shaft angle and ischiofemoral impingement in patients with hip pain?
Authors: Gardner Stephanie S , Dong David , Peterson Leif E , Park Kwan J , Harris Joshua D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) is a cause of deep gluteal space syndrome. The prevalence of radiographic findings in patients with hip pain is unknown. To assess if there is a correlation between femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA) and the distance of the ischiofemoral space (IFS) and quadratus femoris space (QFS) and to determine the prevalence of quadratus femoris (QF) edema in patients with hip pain. A retrospective case series was conducted involving 100 consecutive hip or pelvis magnetic resonance imaging scans on patients presenting with hip pain. NSA, IFS and QFS distances were measured and presence of QF edema was noted. Analysis of the groups (QF edema vs no edema) was performed using two-tailed t-test and Pearson correlation. There were 18 hips in the edema group (mean age 51.11 years ± 10.5) and 82 hips in the non-edema group (mean age 40.79 years ± 15.9). Within the edema group, there was a moderate positive correlation between NSA and QFS (r = 0.498, P = 0.036) and a weak positive correlation between NSA and IFI (0.312, P = 0.208). The prevalence of QF edema in this study was 18% with only 28% of those subjects having clinical symptoms of IFI. Patients with QF edema had significantly narrower QFS and IFS distances (P &lt; 0.001). The prevalence of QF edema is 18% in a consecutive sample of adults with hip pain. In patients with QF edema, only 28% have symptoms of IFI. In patients with QF edema, there was a moderate positive correlation between NSA and QFS.
Large-scale single-molecule imaging aided by artificial intelligence
Authors: Hiroshima Michio , Yasui Masato , Ueda Masahiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSingle-molecule imaging analysis has been applied to study the dynamics and kinetics of molecular behaviors and interactions in living cells. In spite of its high potential as a technique to investigate the molecular mechanisms of cellular phenomena, single-molecule imaging analysis has not been extended to a large scale of molecules in cells due to the low measurement throughput as well as required expertise. To overcome these problems, we have automated the imaging processes by using computer operations, robotics and artificial intelligence (AI). AI is an ideal substitute for expertise to obtain high-quality images for quantitative analysis. Our automated in-cell single-molecule imaging system, AiSIS, could analyze 1600 cells in 1 day, which corresponds to ∼ 100-fold higher efficiency than manual analysis. The large-scale analysis revealed cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the molecular behavior, which had not been recognized in previous studies. An analysis of the receptor behavior and downstream signaling was accomplished within a significantly reduced time frame and revealed the detailed activation scheme of signal transduction, advancing cell biology research. Furthermore, by combining the high-throughput analysis with our previous finding that a receptor changes its behavioral dynamics depending on the presence of a ligand/agonist or inhibitor/antagonist, we show that AiSIS is applicable to comprehensive pharmacological analysis such as drug screening. This AI-aided automation has wide applications for single-molecule analysis.
Dosimetric evaluation of deep inspiration breath hold for left-sided breast cancer: analysis of patient-specific parameters related to heart dose reduction
Authors: Yamauchi Ryohei , Mizuno Norifumi , Itazawa Tomoko , Saitoh Hidetoshi , Kawamori Jiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) is a common method used worldwide for reducing the radiation dose to the heart. However, few studies have reported on the relationship between dose reduction and patient-specific parameters. The aim of this study was to compare the reductions of heart dose and volume using DIBH with the dose/volume of free breathing (FB) for patients with left-sided breast cancer and to analyse patient-specific dose reduction parameters. A total of 85 Asian patients who underwent whole-breast radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery were recruited. Treatment plans for FB and DIBH were retrospectively generated by using an automated breast planning tool with a two-field tangential intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique. The prescribed dose was 50 Gy in 25 fractions. The dosimetric parameters (e.g., mean dose and maximum dose) in heart and lung were extracted from the dose–volume histogram. The relationships between dose–volume data and patient-specific parameters, such as age, body mass index (BMI), and inspiratory volume, were analyzed. The mean heart doses for the FB and DIBH plans were 1.56 Gy and 0.75 Gy, respectively, a relative reduction of 47%. There were significant differences in all heart dosimetric parameters (p &lt; 0.001). For patients with a high heart dose in the FB plan, a relative reduction of the mean heart dose correlated with inspiratory volume (r = 0.646). There was correlation between the relative reduction of mean heart dose and BMI (r = −0.248). We recommend considering the possible feasibility of DIBH in low BMI patients because the degree of benefit from DIBH varied with BMI.
Size distribution of superbubbles
Authors: Nath Biman B , Das Pushpita , Oey M S 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We consider the size distribution of superbubbles in a star-forming galaxy. Previous studies have tried to explain the distribution by using adiabatic self-similar evolution of wind-driven bubbles, assuming that bubbles stall when pressure equilibrium is reached. We show, with the help of hydrodynamical numerical simulations, that this assumption is not valid. We also include radiative cooling of shells. In order to take into account non-thermal pressure in the ambient medium, we assume an equivalent higher temperature than implied by thermal pressure alone. Assuming that bubbles stall when the outer shock speed becomes comparable to the ambient sound speed (which includes non-thermal components), we recover the size distribution with a slope of ∼−2.7 for typical values of interstellar medium pressure in Milky Way, which is consistent with observations. Our simulations also allow us to follow the evolution of size distribution in the case of different values of non-thermal pressure, and we show that the size distribution steepens with lower pressure, to slopes intermediate between only-growing and only-stalled cases.
Asteroid migration due to the Yarkovsky effect and the distribution of the Eos family
Authors: Xu Yang-Bo , Zhou Li-Yong , Lhotka Christoph , Ip Wing-Huen 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Based on a linearized model of the Yarkovsky effect, we investigate in this paper the dependence of the semimajor axis drift Δa of a celestial body on its size, spinning obliquity, initial orbit, and thermal parameters on its surface. With appropriate simplification and approximation, we obtain the analytical solutions to the perturbation equations for the motion of asteroids influenced by the Yarkovsky effect, and they are then verified by numerical simulations of the full equations of motion. These solutions present explicitly the dependences of Δa on the thermal and dynamical parameters of the asteroid. With these analytical formulae for Δa, we investigate the combined seasonal and diurnal Yarkovsky effects. The critical points where the migration direction reverses are calculated and the consequent selective effects according to the size and rotation state of asteroids are discussed. Finally, we apply the analytical formulae to calculate the migration of Eos family members. The space distribution of asteroids is well reproduced. Our calculations suggest that statistically the orientations of spin axes of family members satisfy a random-obliquity distribution, and the rotation rate ωrot of an asteroid depends on its size R by ωrot ∝ R−1.