bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covalently attached liquids as protective coatings
Authors: Melde Brian J , Malanoski Anthony P , Moore Martin H , Johnson Brandy J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCovalently attached liquids provide a liquid–liquid surface interaction for contacting contaminants, typically achieved through use of a polydimethylsiloxane linear polymer bound to the surface at one end. The attached dimethylsiloxane polymer chain retains liquid‐like mobility through bending and rotational motions, distinguishing the coatings from those formed by crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane or branched polymer chains. Here, covalently attached liquids are reviewed and their potential for application as topcoat treatments is discussed. This review focuses on a new use scenario: prevention of chemical contamination. When allowed to age in place, chemical contaminants tend to penetrate into painted surfaces. Standard decontamination processes can fail to remove the chemicals within the paint layer, resulting in secondary exposure hazards when environmental conditions change. Covalent liquid coatings provide repellency and shedding behaviors. This review highlights the failure of typical wetting evaluations in predicting performance for the new application as well as the potential of the coatings in enhancing chemical resistance for painted surfaces. Potential methods for further improvements are also discussed. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
MS Imaging‐Guided Microproteomics for Spatial Omics on a Single Instrument
Authors: Dewez Frédéric , Oejten Janina , Henkel Corinna , Hebeler Romano , Neuweger Heiko , De Pauw Edwin , Heeren Ron M. A. , Balluff Benjamin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMass spectrometry imaging (MSI) allows investigating the spatial distribution of chemical compounds directly in biological tissues. As the analytical depth of MSI is limited, MSI needs to be coupled to more sensitive local extraction‐based omics approaches to achieve a comprehensive molecular characterization. For this, it is important to retain the spatial information provided by MSI for follow‐up omics studies. It has been shown that regiospecific MSI data can be used to guide a laser microdissection system for ultra‐sensitive liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analyses. So far, this combination has required separate and specialized mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation. Recent advances in dual‐source instrumentation, harboring both matrix assisted laser/desorption ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) sources, promise state‐of‐the‐art MSI and liquid‐based proteomic capabilities on the same MS instrument. This study demonstrates that such an instrument can offer both fast lipid‐based MSI at high mass and high lateral resolution and sensitive LC‐MS on local protein extracts from the exact same tissue section.
An assessment of practitioners approaches to forecasting in the presence of changepoints
Authors: Chapman Jamie‐Leigh , Killick Rebecca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA common challenge in time series is to forecast data that suffer from structural breaks or changepoints which complicate modeling. If we naively forecast using one model for the whole data, the model will be incorrect, and thus, our forecast error will be large. There are two common practices to account for these changepoints when the goal is forecasting: (1) preprocess the data to identify the changepoints, incorporating them as dummy variables in modeling the whole data, and (2) include the changepoint estimation into the model and forecast using the model fit to the last segment. This article examines these two practices, using the computationally exact Pruned Exact Linear Time (PELT) algorithm for changepoint detection, comparing and contrasting them in the context of an important Software Engineering application.
A general penalty method for density‐to‐potential inversion
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Harbola Manoj K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA general penalty method is presented for the construction of the Kohn‐Sham system for a given density through Levy's constrained search. The method uses a functional S[ρ] of one's choice. Different forms of S[ρ] are used to calculate the kinetic energy and exchange‐correlation potential of atoms, jellium spheres, and the Hookium, and consistency among results obtained from them is shown for each system.
Adaptive event‐triggered output feedback control for a class of p‐normal nonlinear systems with sensor failure
Authors: Li Min , Li Shi , Shu Feng , Xiang Zhengrong 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the problem of global adaptive output feedback control for a class of p‐normal nonlinear systems with time‐varying sensor failure and unknown growth rate via an event‐triggered strategy. Due to the existence of time‐varying sensor failure, only the system output with sensor failure is available for feedback control design. To overcome this obstacle, an adaptive reduced‐dimensional observer using only failure output is constructed. Subsequently, a novel adaptive event‐triggered controller is designed by virtual of a dynamic gain technique, under which all the states of the considered closed‐loop systems are bounded as well as the proposed event‐triggered mechanism is Zeno‐free. Finally, two examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of the presented control method.
Performance evaluation of a DVB‐S2 system with a digital optical feeder link
Authors: Méric Hugo , Péricart Louis 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWe investigate the physical layer performance of a DVB‐S2 system with a digital optical feeder link. We consider three scenarios depending on how the DVB‐S2 modulator functionalities are distributed between the optical gateway and the satellite. Our main objective is to specify the residual bit error rate of the optical channel error correction scheme in order to ensure a quasierror free link to the users. To that end, we provide theoretical models and/or simulations results. In two scenarios, our results show that a residual bit error rate of 10−4 (assuming equally distributed errors) gives end‐to‐end physical layer performance compliant with the DVB‐S2 standard. This specification is much higher than typical values in practical systems.
Understanding the Chemical Insights of Staple Motifs of Thiolate‐Protected Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Wang Endong , Xu Wen Wu , Zhu Beien , Gao Yi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImproving the fundamental understanding of the basic structures of ligand‐protected gold nanoclusters is essential to their bottom‐up synthesis as well as their further application explorations. The thiolate ligands that cover the central metal core in staple motifs are vital for the stability of the gold clusters. However, the knowledge about the geometrical and bonding characters of the thiolate ligands has not been fully uncovered yet. In this work, density functional theory calculations and molecular orbital analysis are applied to show that the Au atoms in the thiolate ligands are hypervalent. The chemical insights of the linear SAuS configuration as well as the lengthened AuS bond by combining the 3‐center 4‐electron (3c‐4e) model and the well‐recognized valence shell electron pair repulsion theory are revealed. Valence bond formulations of the motifs are given to provide more chemical insights, for example, the resonant structures, to show how the thiolate motif forms one covalent bond and one dative covalent bond with the Au core. This work provides a thorough understanding of the structure and bonding pattern of thiolate ligands of Au nanoclusters, which is important for the rational design of ligands‐protected Au nanoclusters.
Right ideal Howson semigroups
Authors: Carson Scott , Gould Victoria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe define a semigroupSto beright ideal Howsonif the intersection of any two finitely generated right ideals, or, equivalently, any two principal right ideals, is again finitely generated. We give many examples of such semigroups, including right coherent monoids, finitely aligned semigroups, and inverse semigroups. We investigate the closure of the class of right ideal Howson semigroups under algebraic constructions. For any$$n \in \mathbb {N}^0$$n∈N0we give a presentation of a right ideal Howson semigroup possessing an intersection of principal right ideals that requires exactlyngenerators that is, in a particular sense, universal. We give analogous presentations for commutative, and for commutative cancellative, (right) ideal Howson semigroups.
Short-Term Exposure to High-Temperature Water Causes a Shift in the Microbiome of the Common Aquarium Sponge Lendenfeldia chondrodes
Authors: Vargas Sergio , Leiva Laura , Wörheide Gert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMarine sponges harbor diverse microbiomes that contribute to their energetic and metabolic needs. Although numerous studies on sponge microbial diversity exist, relatively few focused on sponge microbial community changes under different sources of environmental stress. In this study, we assess the impact of elevated seawater temperature on the microbiome of cultured Lendenfeldia chondrodes, a coral reef sponge commonly found in marine aquaria. Lendenfeldia chondrodes exhibits high thermal tolerance showing no evidence of tissue damage or bleaching at 5 °C above control water temperature (26 °C). High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA V4 region revealed a response of the microbiome of L. chondrodes to short-term exposure to elevated seawater temperature. Shifts in abundance and richness of the dominant bacterial phyla found in the microbiome of this species, namely Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Bacteroidetes, characterized this response. The observed resilience of L. chondrodes and the responsiveness of its microbiome to short-term increases in seawater temperature suggest that this holobiont may be capable of acclimating to anthropogenic-driven sublethal environmental stress via a re-accommodation of its associated bacterial community. This sheds a new light on the potential for resilience of some sponges to increasing surface seawater temperatures and associated projected regime shifts in coral reefs.
Incidence and Diversity of Torix Rickettsia–Odonata Symbioses
Authors: Thongprem Panupong , Davison Helen R. , Thompson David J. , Lorenzo-Carballa M. Olalla , Hurst Gregory D. D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHeritable microbes are an important component of invertebrate biology, acting both as beneficial symbionts and reproductive parasites. Whilst most previous research has focussed on the ‘Wolbachia pandemic’, recent work has emphasised the importance of other microbial symbionts. In this study, we present a survey of odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) for torix group Rickettsia, following previous research indicating that this clade can be common in other aquatic insect groups. PCR assays were used to screen a broad range of odonates from two continents and revealed 8 of 76 species tested were infected with Rickettsia. We then conducted further deeper screening of UK representatives of the Coenagrionidae damselfly family, revealing 6 of 8 UK coenagrionid species to be positive for torix Rickettsia. Analysis of Rickettsia gene sequences supported multiple establishments of symbiosis in the group. Some strains were shared between UK coenagrionid species that shared mtDNA barcodes, indicating a likely route for mitochondrial introgression between sister species. There was also evidence of coinfecting Rickettsia strains in two species. FISH analysis indicated Rickettsia were observed in the ovarioles, consistent with heritable symbiosis. We conclude that torix Rickettsia represent an important associate of odonates, being found in a broad range of species from both Europe and South America. There is evidence that coinfection can occur, vertical transmission is likely, and that symbiont movement following hybridisation may underpin the lack of ‘barcoding gap’ between well-established species pairs in the genus. Future work should establish the biological significance of the symbioses observed.
On convergence of approximate solutions to the compressible Euler system
Authors: Feireisl Eduard , Hofmanová Martina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider a sequence of approximate solutions to the compressible Euler system admitting uniform energy bounds and/or satisfying the relevant field equations modulo an error vanishing in the asymptotic limit. We show that such a sequence either (i) converges strongly in the energy norm, or (ii) the limit is not a weak solution of the associated Euler system. This is in sharp contrast to the incompressible case, where (oscillatory) approximate solutions may converge weakly to solutions of the Euler system. Our approach leans on identifying a system of differential equations satisfied by the associated turbulent defect measure and showing that it only has a trivial solution.
Speech language pathologists’ practice with children of parents with an acquired communication disability: A preliminary study
Authors: Shrubsole Kirstine , Pitt Rachelle , Till Kirsty , Finch Emma , Ryan Brooke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:Parental acquired communication disability has long-lasting impacts on children, including increased child stress and behavioural problems. However, speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs) current practice in providing information, education and counselling support to these children is unknown. Therefore, we explored SLPs’ perceived needs, current practices and barriers and facilitators to working with children of people with acquired communication disability (PwCD).Methods:An online survey sought information on Australian SLPs’ current practices in providing education and counselling to children of PwCD. Perceived barriers and facilitators were mapped to the COM-B, a model that considers Capability, Opportunity and Motivation as domains that influence behaviour.Results:75% of participants (n = 76) perceived a need to provide both information and counselling, but ‘never’ or ‘rarely’ provided either aspect of care. Barriers relating to ‘Opportunity’ were most frequently identified, such as not having access to children in therapy and lack of parental support/engagement. Capability (e.g., knowledge and skills) and Motivation (e.g., confidence) barriers were also identified.Conclusions:There is potential for SLPs to provide services to children of PwCD either directly through information and/or counselling-type interactions or indirectly through referral to other services. This study highlights the need for more research into these areas of practice.
Effect of prospective audit and feedback on inpatient fluoroquinolone use and appropriateness of prescribing
Authors: Marek Caitlyn M. , Zurek Karen J. , Degenhardt Owen , Remtulla Shahileen , Teale Alastair S. , Cervera Carlos , Hoang Holly L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report the effect of prospective audit and feedback (PAF) on inpatient fluoroquinolone (FQN) prescriptions. During the PAF period, FQN use decreased from 39.19 to 29.58 days of therapy per 1,000 patient days (P < .001) and appropriateness improved from 68% to 88% (P < .001). High-yield indications to target included noninfectious urinary tract and respiratory presentations.
Genetic correlation, pleiotropy, and causal associations between substance use and psychiatric disorder
Authors: Jang Seon-Kyeong , Saunders Gretchen , Liu MengZhen ,   23andMe Research Team, Jiang Yu , Liu Dajiang J. , Vrieze Scott 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubstance use occurs at a high rate in persons with a psychiatric disorder. Genetically informative studies have the potential to elucidate the etiology of these phenomena. Recent developments in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allow new avenues of investigation.MethodUsing results of GWAS meta-analyses, we performed a factor analysis of the genetic correlation structure, a genome-wide search of shared loci, and causally informative tests for six substance use phenotypes (four smoking, one alcohol, and one cannabis use) and five psychiatric disorders (ADHD, anorexia, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia).ResultsTwo correlated externalizing and internalizing/psychosis factor were found, although model fit was beneath conventional standards. Of 458 loci reported in previous univariate GWAS of substance use and psychiatric disorders, about 50% (230 loci) were pleiotropic with additional 111 pleiotropic loci not reported from past GWAS. Of the 341 pleiotropic loci, 152 were associated with both substance use and psychiatric disorders, implicating neurodevelopment, cell morphogenesis, biological adhesion pathways, and enrichment in 13 different brain tissues. Seventy-five and 114 pleiotropic loci were specific to either psychiatric disorders or substance use phenotypes, implicating neuronal signaling pathway and clathrin-binding functions/structures, respectively. No consistent evidence for phenotypic causation was found across different Mendelian randomization methods.ConclusionsGenetic etiology of substance use and psychiatric disorders is highly pleiotropic and involves shared neurodevelopmental path, neurotransmission, and intracellular trafficking. In aggregate, the patterns are not consistent with vertical pleiotropy, more likely reflecting horizontal pleiotropy or more complex forms of phenotypic causation.
A quantitative Lovász criterion for Property B
Authors: Ferber Asaf , Shapira Asaf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA well-known observation of Lovász is that if a hypergraph is not 2-colourable, then at least one pair of its edges intersect at a single vertex. In this short paper we consider the quantitative version of Lovász’s criterion. That is, we ask how many pairs of edges intersecting at a single vertex should belong to a non-2-colourable n-uniform hypergraph. Our main result is an exact answer to this question, which further characterizes all the extremal hypergraphs. The proof combines Bollobás’s two families theorem with Pluhar’s randomized colouring algorithm.
Episodic Memory and Verbal Fluency Tasks: Normative Data from Nine Nationally Representative Samples
Authors: Lara Elvira , Miret Marta , Sanchez-Niubo Albert , Haro Josep Maria , Koskinen Seppo , Leonardi Matilde , Tobiasz-Adamczyk Beata , Chatterji Somnath , Ayuso-Mateos José Luis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:This study aims to generate country-specific norms for two episodic memory tasks and a verbal fluency test among middle-aged and older adults using nationally representative data from nine low-, middle-, and high-income countries.Method:Data from nine countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America were analyzed (n = 42,116; aged 50 years or older). Episodic memory was assessed with the word list memory (three trials of immediate recall) and word list recall (delayed recall). Verbal fluency was measured through the animal naming task. Multiple linear regression models with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, education, and residential area were carried out.Results:Both age and education showed high influence on test performance (i.e. lower cognitive performance with increasing age and decreasing years of education, respectively), while the effect of sex and residential area on cognitive function was neither homogeneous across countries nor across cognitive tasks.Conclusions:Our study provided sex-, age-, education-, and residential area-specific regression-based norms that were obtained from one of the largest normative study worldwide on verbal recall and fluency tests to date. Findings derived from this study will be especially useful for clinicians and researchers based at countries where cognitive norms are limited.
Inventing the Woman Voter: Suffrage, Ability, and Patents
Authors: Swanson Kara W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn 1870, the New York State Suffrage Association published a pamphlet titled “Woman as Inventor.” White suffragists distributed this history of female invention to prove women's inventiveness, countering arguments that biological disabilities justified women's legal disabilities. In the United States, inventiveness was linked to the capacity for original thought considered crucial for voters, making female inventiveness relevant to the franchise. As women could and did receive patents, activists used them as government certification of female ability. By publicizing female inventors, counting patents granted to women, and displaying women's inventions, they sought to overturn the common wisdom that women could not invent and prove that they had the ability to vote. Although partially successful, these efforts left undisturbed the equally common assertion that African Americans could not invent. White suffragists kept the contemporary Black woman inventor invisible, relegating the technological creations of women of color to a primitive past. White suffragists created a feminist history of invention, in words and objects, that reinforced white supremacy—another erasure of Black women, whose activism white suffragists were eager to harness, yet whose public presence they sought to minimize in order to keep the woman voter, like the woman inventor, presumptively white.
Assessment of the growth in social groups for sustainable agriculture and land management
Authors: Pretty Jules , Attwood Simon , Bawden Richard , van den Berg Henk , Bharucha Zareen P. , Dixon John , Flora Cornelia Butler , Gallagher Kevin , Genskow Ken , Hartley Sue E. , Ketelaar Jan Willem , Kiara Japhet K. , Kumar Vijay , Lu Yuelai , MacMillan Tom , Maréchal Anne , Morales-Abubakar Alma Linda , Noble Andrew , Prasad P. V. Vara , Rametsteiner Ewald , Reganold John , Ricks Jacob I. , Rockström Johan , Saito Osamu , Thorne Peter , Wang Songliang , Wittman Hannah , Winter Michael , Yang Puyun 
Published: August 2020

Non-technical summaryUntil the past half-century, all agriculture and land management was framed by local institutions strong in social capital. But neoliberal forms of development came to undermine existing structures, thus reducing sustainability and equity. The past 20 years, though, have seen the deliberate establishment of more than 8 million new social groups across the world. This restructuring and growth of rural social capital within specific territories is leading to increased productivity of agricultural and land management systems, with particular benefits for those previously excluded. Further growth would occur with more national and regional policy support.
Spatial Patterns and Trends of Summertime Low Cloudiness for the Pacific Northwest, 1996–2017
Authors: Dye Alex W. , Rastogi Bharat , Clemesha Rachel E. S. , Kim John B. , Samelson Roger M. , Still Christopher J. , Williams A. Park 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSummertime low clouds are common in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), but spatiotemporal patterns have not been characterized. We show the first maps of low cloudiness for the western PNW and North Pacific Ocean using a 22‐year satellite‐derived record of monthly mean low cloudiness frequency for May through September and supplemented by airport cloud base height observations. Domain‐wide cloudiness peaks in midsummer and is strongest over the Pacific. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis identified four distinct PNW spatiotemporal modes: oceanic, terrestrial highlands, coastal, and northern coastal. There is a statistically significant trend over the 22‐year record toward reduced low cloudiness in the terrestrial highlands mode, with strongest declines in May and June; however, this decline is not matched in the corresponding airport records. The coastal mode is partly constrained from moving inland by topographic relief and migrates southward in late summer, retaining higher late‐season low cloud frequency than the other areas.