bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing occupational therapists’ capabilities for decision-making capacity assessments: how does a&nbsp;support role facilitate workplace learning?
Authors: Matus Janine , Mickan Sharon , Noble Christy 
Published: March 2020

Introduction Healthcare practitioners are required to develop capabilities in an effective and efficient manner. Yet, developing capabilities in healthcare settings can be challenging due to the unpredictable nature of practice and increasing workloads. Unsurprisingly, healthcare practitioner development is often situated outside of practice, for example in formal teaching sessions. Supporting practitioners to develop capabilities through engagement with day-to-day practice, whilst advantageous in terms of authenticity and being highly valued, remains a key challenge for healthcare educators. This qualitative interview study aimed to explain, from the learner’s perspective, how a dedicated support role develops occupational therapists’ capability to contribute to decision-making capacity assessments.
Methods Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 12 occupational therapists. Informed by workplace learning theory, interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis process.
Results Participants provided rich descriptions of how they developed in their capability to engage in decision-making capacity assessments. Participants reported that their learning was facilitated by the dedicated support role in three key ways: 1) structuring a journey of learning, 2) providing tailored guidance, and 3) fostering a supportive learning environment.
Discussion Participants valued the authentic workplace learning opportunities afforded by the dedicated support role. Findings suggest that capabilities, such as decision-making capacity assessment, can be developed through practice when enriched by a dedicated support role. However, further research examining the sustainability and transferability of this model and its application to other capabilities are warranted.
Comparison of Conventional and IPM Cropping Systems: A Risk Efficiency Analysis
Authors: Lavik Ming Su , Lien Gudbrand , Korsaeth Audun , Hardaker J. Brian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo support decision-makers considering adopting integrated pest management (IPM) cropping in Norway, we used stochastic efficiency analysis to compare the risk efficiency of IPM cropping and conventional cropping, using data from a long-term field experiment in southeastern Norway, along with data on recent prices, costs, and subsidies. Initial results were not definitive, so we applied stochastic efficiency with respect to a function, limiting the assumed risk aversion of farmers to a plausible range. We found that, for farmers who are risk-indifferent to moderately (hardly) risk averse, the conventional system was, compared to IPM, less (equally) preferred.
The effects of bond ratings on income inequality in the developing world
Authors: Biglaiser Glen , McGauvran Ronald 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough the effects of globalization on income inequality has received much attention, missing from the discussion is the role played by credit rating agencies (CRAs) on income inequality. Using a sample of seventy developing countries from 1990–2015, we find that bond ratings have significant, yet indirect, effects on income inequality. We see that interest rate spreads, and to a lesser degree tax, labor, and monetary policies, mediate the relationship between ratings and income inequality. Specifically, developing countries receiving bond downgrades observe a rise in interest rate spreads. Countries with higher interest rate spreads tend to have less available credit, which reduces output and production, promoting surplus labor and its consequences for those at the bottom of the income distribution. Bond downgrades also compel developing countries to pursue neoliberal reforms, endorsed by the CRAs, in an attempt to lift their ratings. The effects of tax, labor, and monetary policies, in particular, appear to enlarge disparities between the rich and the poor. Our research helps to identify the mechanism by which CRAs and globalization, more generally, impact wealth disparities in the developing world.
Mortality Rate of Infection With COVID-19 in Korea From the Perspective of Underlying Disease
Authors: Kang Yun-Jung 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTOn December 31, 2019 the China National Health Commission (NHC) reported that an unknown cause of pneumonia had been detected in Wuhan in Hubei province. On February 12, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was given a formal name, COVID-19. On January 20, 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Korea. The age-specific death rate was the highest among patients over 70 years of age, with underlying diseases in their circulatory system, such as myocardial infarction, cerebral infraction, arrythmia, and hypertension. Patients with underlying disease who are 70 years of age or older should recognize that there is a high possibility of developing a serious disease in case of viral infection and follow strict precautions.
Stop the Bleed: An Interprofessional Community Service Learning Project Assessing the Efficacy of Pharmacist-Led Hemorrhage Control Education for Laypersons
Authors: Moton Robert , Baus Courtney , Brandt Claire , Coleman Alana , Kennedy Kaitlin , Swank Steven , Tran Michelle , Kazen Katherine , Allen Stefan , Moote Rebecca , Evoy Kirk E. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Stop the Bleed (STB) is a national initiative that provides lifesaving hemorrhagic control education. In 2019, pharmacists were added as health-care personnel eligible to become STB instructors. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacist-led STB trainings for school employees in South Texas.Methods:Pharmacist-led STB trainings were provided to teachers and staff in Laredo, Texas. The 60-min trainings included a presentation followed by hands-on practice of tourniquet application, wound-packing, and direct pressure application. Training efficacy was assessed through anonymous pre- and postevent surveys, which evaluated changes in knowledge, comfort level, and willingness to assist in hemorrhage control interventions. Student volunteers (predominantly pharmacy and medical students) assisted in leading the hands-on portion, providing a unique interprofessional learning opportunity.Results:Participants with previous training (N = 98) were excluded, resulting in a final cohort of 437 (response rate 87.4%). Compared with baseline, comfort level using tourniquets (mean, 3.17/5 vs 4.20/5; P < 0.0001), opinion regarding tourniquet safety (2.59/3 vs 2.94/3; P < 0.0001), and knowledge regarding tourniquets (70.86/100 vs 75.84/100; P < 0.0001) and proper tourniquet placement (2.40/4 vs 3.15/4; P < 0.0001) significantly improved.Conclusions:Pharmacist-led STB trainings are efficacious in increasing school worker knowledge and willingness to respond in an emergency hemorrhagic situation.
On the physical basis for the creep of ice: the high temperature regime
Authors: Cole D.M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work quantifies the increased temperature sensitivity of the constitutive behavior of ice with proximity to the melting point in terms of dislocation mechanics. An analysis of quasistatic and dynamic cyclic loading data for several ice types leads to the conclusion that high temperature (e.g. T ≥ −8°C) behavior is the result of a thermally induced increase in the number of mobile dislocations rather than an increase in the activation energy of dislocation glide or the introduction of a new deformation mechanism. The relationship between dislocation density and temperature is quantified and the model is shown to adequately represent the published minimum creep rate vs stress data for isotropic granular freshwater ice for −48 ≤ T ≤ −0.01°C.
OF DEBT AND BONDAGE: FROM SLAVERY TO PRISONS IN THE GOLD COAST,c. 1807–1957
Authors: BALAKRISHNAN SARAH 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContrary to the belief that prisons never predated colonial rule in Africa, this article traces their emergence in the Gold Coast after the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. During the era of ‘legitimate commerce’, West African merchants required liquidity to conduct long-distance trade. Rather than demand human pawns as interest on loans, merchants imprisoned debtors’ female relatives because women's sexual violation in prison incentivized kin to repay loans. When British colonists entered the Gold Coast, they discovered how important the prisons were to local credit. They thus allowed the institutions to continue, but without documentation. The so-called ‘native prisons’ did not enter indirect rule — and the colonial archive — until the 1940s. Contrary to studies of how Western states used prisons to control black labour after emancipation, this article excavates a ‘debt genealogy’ of the prison. In the Gold Coast, prisons helped manage cash flow after abolition by holding human hostages.
INFRASTRUCTURE, ETHNICITY, AND POLITICAL MOBILIZATION IN NAMIBIA, 1946–87
Authors: QUINN STEPHANIE 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article uses the copper mining town Tsumeb to examine urban infrastructure, ethnicity, and African political solidarities in apartheid Namibia. To translate apartheid to Namibia, South Africa re-planned Namibian towns to reinforce colonial divisions between two classes of African laborers: mostly Ovambo migrant laborers from northern Namibia and Angola and, secondly, ethnically diverse laborers from the zone of colonial settlement and investment, the Police Zone. Housing and infrastructure were key to this social engineering project, serving as a conduit for official and company ideas about ‘Ovambo’ and Police Zone laborers. Yet Africans’ uses of infrastructure and ethnic discourses challenged, and provoked debates about the boundaries of urban social and political belonging. Between the 1971–2 general strike of northern contract workers and the 1987 strike against the multinational Tsumeb Corporation Limited, which involved northern contract workers and community members, Africans built a political community that challenged both company and colonial state.
BM 30617: An astronomical diary from the reign of Antiochus and his son Antiochus
Authors: Mitsuma Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis is the first publication of the astronomical diary BM 30617 from Babylon. This clay tablet shows an example of “preliminary diaries”, which record primary observations of the sky and, if any, the Euphrates for one month or less. The cuneiform text of BM 30617 shows the primary day-by-day observations of the sky over the first four days of the Babylonian month IX (Kislīm). The recorded phenomena are dated to an unknown year during the joint kingship of Antiochus and his son (or stepson), also named Antiochus, of the Seleucid dynasty. Some clues in the diary, however, help us to narrow down the candidates for the year to which our month IX belongs.
Dispersal patterns of large-seeded plants and the foraging behaviour of a frugivorous bat
Authors: Villalobos-Chaves David , Melo Felipe P. L. , Rodríguez-Herrera Bernal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMutualistic interactions are biologically important, diverse and poorly understood. Comprehending these interactions and the effectiveness of the mutualistic partners has been the central focus of ecological and evolutionary studies, as this task requires disentangling the pieces of mutualism under study. Here, we tested the hypothesis that feeding activity of Artibeus phaeotis influences density, diversity and distance effects of the seed rain of large-seeded plant species in a Neotropical dry forest of Costa Rica. We predicted that bats’ activity increases density and diversity metrics on dispersing sites and that bats behave as short-distance dispersers. Our data revealed that, by dispersing hundreds of seeds within their small foraging areas and mostly close to fruiting trees, the feeding activity of A. phaeotis increases the density and richness of seeds underneath night feeding roosts. The functional role of A. phaeotis as disperser may vary among plant species, as we also detected that some seeds are more dispersed than others. Further inquiries to elucidate mutualistic interactions between frugivorous bats and large-seeded plant species should focus on understanding demographic and fitness outcomes, as strong selective pressures may be shaping morphological and behavioural traits of both plants and animals, ultimately influencing the survival of each partner.
Regulatory changes for redesigned securities markets with distributed ledger technology
Authors: Thuvarakan Muthukkumarasamy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDistributed ledger technology (DLT) is regarded as a revolutionary solution that offers immutability, transparency, trust, and efficiency while ‘transcending law and regulation’. One of the potential applications of DLT is in the securities market. Share registration, settlement, regulatory compliance, information disclosure, payment systems, and market service requirements can be redesigned with the use of DLT. This paper will examine the impact that such changes will have on legal theories and governance, while also discussing the effects on enforcement techniques. In addition, general blockchain-legal issues will be critically analyzed in the context of securities markets.
Thiamine pyrophosphate diminishes nitric oxide synthesis in	endothelial cells
Authors: Alcázar-Leyva Susana , Zapata Estrella , Bernal-Alcántara Demetrio , Gorocica Patricia , Alvarado-Vásquez Noé 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Although thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is considered a protective agent for endothelial cells, it is still unknown if this is associated with nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Our aim was to evaluate the synthesis of NO in endothelial cells incubated with TPP and high glucose concentrations. Endothelial cells from the umbilical cord vein from newborns (n = 20), were incubated with 5, 15 or 30 mmol/L glucose, in absence or presence of 0.625 mg/ml of TPP. Our results showed a significant increase in cell proliferation (> 40%; P < 0.05), and cell viability (> 90%; P < 0.001) after 48 h in endothelial cells cultured with glucose plus TPP. Likewise, in the presence of glucose and TPP an important rise in the consumption of glucose by the endothelial cells was observed after 24 h (> 7%; P < 0.001) and 48 h (> 10%; P < 0.05). Additionally, the levels of lactate after incubation with glucose and TPP showed only slight variations after 48 h (P < 0.05). However, these changes were clearly different from those observed in the absence of TPP. Interestingly, we found that the changes mentioned were linked with reduced levels of nitrites both at 24 h (< 171 pmol/μg protein; P < 0.001), and 48 h (< 250 pmol/μg protein; P < 0.05), which was associated with a reduced expression of mRNA of eNOS in endothelial cells incubated with TPP and high glucose. In conclusion, the presence of TPP regulates the consumption of glucose and the synthesis of NO, which would explain its protective effect in the endothelium of diabetic patients.
Dealing With Artificially Dichotomized Variables in Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: de Jonge Hannelies , Jak Suzanne , Kan Kees-Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) is a relatively new method in which effect sizes of different independent studies between multiple variables are typically first pooled into a matrix and next analyzed using structural equation modeling. While its popularity is increasing, there are issues still to be resolved, such as how to deal with primary studies in which variables have been artificially dichotomized. To be able to advise researchers who apply MASEM and need to deal with this issue, we performed two simulation studies using random-effects two stage structural equation modeling. We simulated data according to a full and partial mediation model and systematically varied the size of one (standardized) path coefficient (βMX = .16, βMX = .23, βMX = .33), the percentage of dichotomization (25%, 75%, 100%), and the cut-off point of dichotomization (.5, .1). We analyzed the simulated datasets in two different ways, namely, by using (1) the point-biserial and (2) the biserial correlation as effect size between the artificially dichotomized predictor and continuous variables. The results of these simulation studies indicate that the biserial correlation is the most appropriate effect size to use, as it provides unbiased estimates of the path coefficients in the population.
TNF-Receptor-1 inhibition reduces liver steatosis, hepatocellular injury and fibrosis in NAFLD mice
Authors: Wandrer Franziska , Liebig Stephanie , Marhenke Silke , Vogel Arndt , John Katharina , Manns Michael P. , Teufel Andreas , Itzel Timo , Longerich Thomas , Maier Olaf , Fischer Roman , Kontermann Roland E. , Pfizenmaier Klaus , Schulze-Osthoff Klaus , Bantel Heike 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shows an increasing prevalence and is associated with the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis as the major risk factors of liver-related mortality in this disease. The therapeutic possibilities are limited and restricted to life style intervention, since specific drugs for NAFLD are unavailable so far. TNFα has been implicated as a major pathogenic driver of NAFLD. TNFα-mediated liver injury occurs mainly via TNF-receptor-1 (TNFR1) signaling, whereas TNFR2 mediates protective pathways. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of a novel antibody, which selectively inhibits TNFR1 while retaining protective TNFR2 signaling in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model of NAFLD. Mice were fed with HFD for 32 weeks and treated with anti-TNFR1-antibody or control-antibody for the last 8 weeks. We then investigated the mechanisms of TNFR1 inhibition on liver steatosis, inflammatory liver injury, insulin resistance and fibrosis. Compared to control-antibody treatment, TNFR1 inhibition significantly reduced liver steatosis and triglyceride content, which was accompanied by reduced expression and activation of the transcription factor SREBP1 and downstream target genes of lipogenesis. Furthermore, inhibition of TNFR1 resulted in reduced activation of the MAP kinase MKK7 and its downstream target JNK, which was associated with significant improvement of insulin resistance. Apoptotic liver injury, NAFLD activity and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, as well as liver fibrosis significantly decreased by anti-TNFR1 compared to control-antibody treatment. Thus, our results suggest selective TNFR1 inhibition as a promising approach for NAFLD treatment.
Genetic 3′UTR variations and clinical factors significantly contribute to survival prediction and clinical response in breast cancer patients
Authors: Pamuła-Piłat Jolanta , Tęcza Karolina , Kalinowska-Herok Magdalena , Grzybowska Ewa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe study describes a relationship between the 3′UTR variants, clinicopathological parameters and response to chemotherapy. We analyzed 33 germline polymorphisms in 3′UTRs of ADME genes in 305 breast cancer women treated with FAC regime. Clinical endpoints of this study were: overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall response defined as treatment failure-free survival (TFFS). The shortened OS was connected with the presence of NR1/2 rs3732359 AA, SLC22A16 rs7756222 CC, as well as SLC22A16 rs9487402 allele G and clinical factors belonging to TNM classification: tumor size >1 cm, nodal involvement and presence of metastases. PFS was related to two polymorphisms PGR rs1824125 GG, PGR rs12224560 CC and SLC22A16 rs7756222 CC as well as preexisting metastases. The RFS was shortened due to the DPYD rs291593 CC, AKR1C3 rs3209896 AG and negative expression of PGR. The presence of ALDH5A1 rs1054899 allele A, lack of pre-chemotherapy surgery and negative status of PGR correlated with worse treatment response. The germline variants commonly present in the population are important factors determining the response to treatment. We observed the effect of the accumulation of genetic and clinical factors on poor survival prognosis and overall treatment response.
Tanshinone II A enhances pyroptosis and represses cell proliferation of HeLa cells by regulating miR-145/GSDMD signaling pathway
Authors: Tong Wenjuan , Guo Jianghong , Yang Chunfen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally. Lack of effective pharmacotherapies for cervical cancer mainly attributed to an elusive understanding of the mechanism underlying its pathogenesis. Pyroptosis plays a key role in inflammation and cancer. Our study identified microRNA (miR) 145 (miR-145)/gasdermin D (GSDMD) signaling pathway as critical mediators in the effect of tanshinone II A on HeLa cells. In the present study, we found that treatment of tanshinone II A led to an obvious repression of cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis on HeLa cells, especially in high concentration. Compared with the controlled group, tanshinone II A enhanced the activity of caspase3 and caspase9. Notably, the results demonstrated that tanshinone II A regulated cell proliferation of HeLa cells by regulating miR-145/GSDMD signaling pathway. Treatment of tanshinone II A significantly up-regulated the expression of GSDMD and miR-145. After transfection of si-miR-145 plasmids, the effects of tanshinone II A on HeLa cells were converted, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and pyroptosis. In addition, the results showed that tanshinone II A treatment altered the expression level of PI3K, p-Akt, NF-kB p65 and Lc3-I. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that tanshinone II A exerts anticancer activity on HeLa cells by regulating miR-145/GSDMD signaling. The present study is the first time to identify miR-145 as a candidate target in cervical cancer and show an association between miR-145 and pyroptosis, which provides a novel therapy for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Abnormal bowel movement frequency increases the risk of rectal cancer: evidence from cohort studies with one million people
Authors: Shen Lin , Li Chao , Li Na , Shen Liangfang , Li Zhanzhan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Previous studies from case–control studies failed to draw reliable conclusions regarding the relationship between bowel movement frequency and the risk of colorectal cancer. To further examine this relationship, we collect the data from cohort studies that make a more accurate estimation. Several online data were searched from inception to February 29, 2020. Ten cohort studies involving 1,038,598 individuals were included in our study. The pooled results indicated that a bowel movement of less than once per day was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (relative risk (RR)= 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87–1.16, P = 0.950) compared with that of once per day. Compared with a bowel movement frequency of once per day, a bowel movement of more than once per day was also not related to elevated risk of colorectal cancer (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.91–1.19, P = 0.570). The subgroup analyses indicated a low or high bowel movement frequency did not increase the risk of colon cancer (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.80–1.03, P = 0.130). However, an increased frequency of bowel movements increased the risk of rectal cancer (RR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.19–1.52, P &lt; 0.001). The sensitivity analysis still supports the results. No significant publication bias existed. The data from cohort indicated that less bowel movement frequency was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. The frequency of bowel movement affects the risk of rectal cancer.