bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Detection of Spinal Schwannomas Utilizing Deep Learning Based on Object Detection From Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ito Sadayuki , Ando Kei , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Nakashima Hiroaki , Oda Masahiro , Machino Masaaki , Kanbara Shunsuke , Inoue Taro , Yamaguchi Hidetoshi , Koshimizu Hiroyuki , Mori Kensaku , Ishiguro Naoki , Imagama Shiro 
Published: October 2020

Study Design.
A retrospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted.

Objective.
This study aims to develop an automated system for the detection of spinal schwannoma, by employing deep learning based on object detection from MRI. The performance of the proposed system was verified to compare the performances of spine surgeons.

Summary of Background Data.
Several MRI scans were conducted for the diagnoses of patients suspected to suffer from spinal diseases. Typically, spinal diseases do not involve tumors on the spinal cord, although a few tumors may exist at the unexpectable level or without symptom by chance. It is difficult to recognize these tumors; in some cases, these tumors may be overlooked. Hence, a deep learning approach based on object detection can minimize the probability of overlooking these tumors.

Methods.
Data from 50 patients with spinal schwannoma who had undergone MRI were retrospectively reviewed. Sagittal T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T1WI and T2WI) were used in the object detection training and for validation. You Only Look Once version3 was used to develop the object detection system, and its accuracy was calculated. The performance of the proposed system was compared to that of two doctors.

Results.
The accuracies of the proposed object detection based on T1W1, T2W1, and both T1W1 and T2W1 were 80.3%, 91.0%, and 93.5%, respectively. The accuracies of the doctors were 90.2% and 89.3%.

Conclusion.
Automated object detection of spinal schwannoma was achieved. The proposed system yielded a high accuracy that was comparable to that of the doctors.

Level of Evidence: 4
Improvement of Cardiac Function in Rats With Myocardial Infarction by Low-Intensity to Moderate-Intensity Endurance Exercise Is Associated With Normalization of Klotho and SIRT1
Authors: Najafipour Hamid , Rostamzadeh Farzaneh , Yeganeh-Hajahmadi Mahboobeh , Joukar Siyavash 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:
Exercise training (Ex) has beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases by increasing Klotho and SIRT1. This study aimed to investigate whether the beneficial impact of Ex on myocardial infarction (MI) is mediated through Klotho and SIRT1. Fifty-six Wistar rats were divided into 4 main groups of Sham, MI, Ex, and MI + Ex. MI was induced by the closure of the left anterior descending. Animals were trained by endurance exercise for 4 weeks. In the end, hemodynamic and heart contractility indices were assessed. The levels of Klotho and SIRT1 in the serum and heart were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot, respectively. The ADAM17 level in the heart and kidneys was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The infarct size and fibrosis area were assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Masson trichrome staining, respectively. Ex recovered the reduction of dp/dt max and dp/dt min and decreased myocardial infarct size and fibrotic area in the MI group. Ex normalized the increase in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, and left ventricular end diastolic pressure in the MI group. Ex also normalized the reduction of the levels of Klotho and SIRT1 in serum and heart in the MI group. The changes of Klotho and SIRT1 in serum were positively correlated. Ex also restored ADAM17 levels in the MI group. Ex improved cardiac function in the MI group and is associated with reduction of the infarct size and normalization of Klotho and SIRT1 levels. Regarding unidirectional changes in Klotho and SIRT1, these proteins may play a role in beneficial effects of Ex on MI recovery.
Evaluation of Ocular Surface and Meibomian Glands in Patients With Scleroderma
Authors: Adiguzel Seyma , Palamar Melis , Yargucu Figen , Oksel Fahrettin , Yagci Ayse 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the prevalence of dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with scleroderma.

Methods:
A total of 32 patients with scleroderma (study group) and 31 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled. Besides routine ophthalmologic evaluation, Schirmer 1 test, tear break-up time, tear osmolarity, ocular surface staining with fluorescein (Oxford score), and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, meibomian gland dysfunction evaluation (foamy tears, telangiectasia of the eyelid, eyelid contour abnormalities, and meibomian plugs), and meibography were performed.

Results:
Sixty-four eyes of 32 patients with scleroderma and 62 eyes of 31 healthy individuals were evaluated. Mean ages of the study group was 48.34 ± 9.73 years (21–62 years) and of the control group was 45.84 ± 4.42 years (38–54 years) (P = 0.067). Mean duration of systemic sclerosis or scleroderma in study group was 9.78 ± 7.40 years (1–30 years). Mean tear break-up time was shorter in study group than that in the control group (P < 0.0005). No statistical differences were detected for osmolarity, OSDI score, and Schirmer 1 values between groups (P = 0.051, P = 0.053, and P = 0.358, respectively). The prevalence of grade 1 and higher Oxford score was higher in the study group (P < 0.0005). Upper meiboscores of grade 1 and higher were found to be more common in the study group than those in the control group (P = 0.036). The presence of foamy tears and telangiectasia of the eyelids were significantly higher in the study group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively). OSDI score was the only significantly correlated data with disease duration (Spearman ρ coefficient = 0.396, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Evaporative type dry eye is more common in patients with scleroderma than the healthy population.
Ambulatory surgery centers: possible solution to improve cataract healthcare in medical deserts
Authors: Bigoteau Maxime , Grammatico-Guillon Leslie , Massot Michel , Baudet Jean-Marie , Cook Ann-Rose , Duroi Quentin , Pichard Tiphanie , Slim Malek , Pisella Pierre-Jean , Khanna Raoul Kanav 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the epidemiological impact of an ambulatory cataract surgery center providing a fast-track procedure without anesthetic evaluation on the access to cataract healthcare.

Setting:
French nationwide study.

Design:
Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods:
The study included individuals undergoing cataract surgery from the French national administrative database of medical information. Data analyses focused on patients living in the Cher and neighboring areas. Epidemiological indicators of patient flow and healthcare efficiency were calculated. A medicoeconomic analysis was performed.

Results:
Between 2012 and 2018, activity increased by +50.2% (3665 to 5506) interventions in the Cher area compared with a national increase of +22.7% (720 351/884 254), while maintaining a constant ophthalmologist workforce. The leakage ratio decreased by 5.9 points (26.3% to 20.4%), whereas the attractiveness and self-sufficiency ratios increased by 2.3 (8.6% to 10.9%) and 8.6 (80.6% to 89.2%) points, respectively. The age- and sex-standardized rate of healthcare utilization for cataract surgery increased by 4.3 points (11.6 to 15.9 cataract surgeries per 1000 inhabitants), making the Cher the second best French area in 2018 for the rate of cataract surgery despite ranking 96th of 109 French areas for ophthalmologist density. The cost of the cataract removal procedure was 523.99€ (666.22€ in the conventional operating room).

Conclusions:
An ambulatory cataract surgery center with a fast-track procedure could represent a solution in medical deserts to improve cataract healthcare without supplementary funding. Nonetheless, consulting activity should be optimized to detect eye disorders and schedule interventions.
Protein misfolding in combination with other risk factors in CEL-HYB1-mediated chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Tjora Erling , Gravdal Anny , Engjom Trond , Cnop Miriam , Johansson Bente B. , Dimcevski Georg G. , Molven Anders , Fjeld Karianne 
Published: October 2020

Objectives
The hybrid allele of the carboxyl ester lipase gene (CEL-HYB1) is a genetic risk factor for chronic pancreatitis (CP) although the mechanism promoting disease development is largely unknown. Here, we aimed to clinically describe subjects carrying the CEL-HYB1 allele and to elucidate why the protein product is pathogenic by analyzing pancreatic secretions and cellular models.

Methods
Norwegian cases (n = 154) diagnosed with recurrent acute pancreatitis or CP were subjected to genetic screening by a CEL-HYB1-specific PCR assay followed by Sanger sequencing. For investigation of CEL-HYB1 protein secretion, duodenal juice samples from cases and controls were analyzed by western blotting. HEK293cells were transfected with constructs expressing CEL-HYB1 or the normal CEL protein (CEL-WT) and analyzed by qPCR, cell fractionation and western blotting.

Results
Two CEL-HYB1-positive families were identified. In both pedigrees, CEL-HYB1 did not fully co-segregate with disease. One proband had recurrent acute pancreatitis and was an active smoker. Her mother was a CEL-HYB1 carrier who had suffered from several attacks of acute pancreatitis until she stopped smoking. The other proband was diagnosed with CP and pancreas divisum. Her CEL-HYB1-positive parent was symptom-free but exhibited pancreatic imaging changes. When analyzing the CEL protein in duodenal juice, CEL-WT was readily detectable but no band corresponding to the risk variant was seen. In CEL-HYB1-transfected cells, we observed impaired protein secretion, protein aggregation and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that CEL-HYB1, in combination with well-known pancreatitis risk factors, causes disease through the misfolding-dependent pathway of genetic CP risk.
Pathway-specific population attributable fractions
Authors: O’Connell Maurice , Ferguson John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA population attributable fraction (PAF) represents the relative change in disease prevalence that one might expect if a particular exposure was absent from the population. Often, one might be interested in what percentage of this effect acts through particular pathways. For instance, the effect of excessive alcohol intake on stroke risk may be mediated by blood pressure, body mass index and several other intermediate risk factors. In this situation, attributable fractions for each mediating pathway of interest can be defined as the relative change in disease prevalence from disabling the effect of the exposure through that mediating pathway.This quantity is related to, but distinct from the recently proposed metrics of direct and indirect PAF by Sjölander. In particular, while differing pathway-specific PAF will each usually be less than total PAF, they may sum over differing mediating pathways to more than total PAF, whereas direct and indirect PAF must sum to total PAF. Here, we present definitions, identifiability conditions and estimation approaches for pathway-specific attributable fractions. We illustrate results, and comparisons to indirect PAF using INTERSTROKE, a case-control study designed to quantify disease burden attributable to a number of known causal risk factors.
Examining the decision to offer in-person college instruction during the COVID-19 era: A multilevel analysis of the factors that affected intentions to open
Authors: Felson Jacob Louise , Adamczyk Amy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAt the end of Summer 2020 colleges and universities had to make difficult decisions about whether to return to in-person instruction. While opening campuses could pose a major health risk, keeping instruction online could dissuade students from enrolling. Taking an ecological approach that considers the influence of state, county, and college characteristics, this study uses mixed modeling techniques and data from 89% of two- and four-year public and four-year private US colleges to assess the factors that shaped their decision to provide mostly in-person instruction as of August 1, 2020. We consider the roles of the political and religious climate, COVID-19 infections, deaths, and mask mandates, college niche, finances, dormitory capacity, faculty resistance, online readiness, and enrollment pressures. Most notably, we find that decision-making was unrelated to cumulative COVID infection and related mortality rates. The strongest predictor of in-person instruction was the proportion of state residents who voted for Trump in the 2016 presidential election. We also find that dormitory capacity, percentage of revenue from tuition, institutional importance to the local economy, graduation rates, and per capita endowment were associated with providing in-person instruction.
Dataset of COVID-19 outbreak and potential predictive features in the USA
Authors: Haratian Arezoo , Fazelinia Hadi , Maleki Zeinab , Ramazi Pouria , Wang Hao , Lewis Mark A. , Greiner Russell , Wishart David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis dataset provides information related to the outbreak of COVID-19 disease in the United States, including data from each of 3142 US counties from the beginning of the outbreak (January 2020) until September 2020. This data is collected from many public online databases and includes the daily number of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths, as well as 33 features that may be relevant to the pandemic dynamics: demographic, geographic, climatic, traffic, public-health, social-distancing-policy adherence, and political characteristics of each county. We anticipate many researchers will use this dataset to train models that can predict the spread of COVID-19 and to identify the key driving factors.
Peptide vaccine candidate mimics the heterogeneity of natural SARS-CoV-2 immunity in convalescent humans and induces broad T cell responses in mice models
Authors: Somogyi Eszter , Csiszovszki Zsolt , Molnár Levente , Lőrincz Orsolya , Tóth József , Pattijn Sofie , Schockaert Jana , Mazy Aurélie , Miklós István , Pántya Katalin , Páles Péter , Tőke Enikő R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe developed a global peptide vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 that addresses the dual challenges of heterogeneity in the immune responses of different individuals and potential heterogeneity of the infecting virus. PolyPEPI-SCoV-2 is a polypeptide vaccine containing nine 30-mer peptides derived from all four major structural proteins of the SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine peptides were selected based on their frequency as HLA class I and class II personal epitopes (PEPIs) restricted to multiple autologous HLA alleles of individuals in anin silicocohort of 433 subjects of different ethnicities. PolyPEPI-SCoV-2 vaccine administered with Montanide ISA 51VG adjuvant generated robust, Th1-biased CD8+and CD4+T cell responses against all four structural proteins of the virus, as well as binding antibodies upon subcutaneous injection into BALB/c and CD34+transgenic mice. In addition, PolyPEPI-SCoV-2-specific, polyfunctional CD8+and CD4+T cells were detectedex vivoin each of the 17 asymptomatic/mild COVID-19 convalescents’ blood investigated, 1–5 months after symptom onset. The PolyPEPI-SCoV-2-specific T cell repertoire used for recovery from COVID-19 was extremely diverse: donors had an average of seven different peptide-specific T cells, against the SARS-CoV-2 proteins; 87% of donors had multiple targets against at least three SARS-CoV-2 proteins and 53% against all four. In addition, PEPIs determined based on the complete HLA class I genotype of the convalescent donors were validated, with 84% accuracy, to predict PEPI-specific CD8+T cell responses measured for the individuals. Extrapolation of the above findings to a US bone marrow donor cohort of 16,000 HLA-genotyped individuals with 16 different ethnicities (n=1,000 each ethnic group) suggest that PolyPEPI-SCoV-2 vaccination in a general population will likely elicit broad, multi-antigenic CD8+and CD4+T cell responses in 98% of individuals, independent of ethnicity, including Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) cohorts.
COVID-19 in children with rheumatic diseases (RD) in the spanish national cohort EPICO-AEP
Authors: Calvo Cristina , Remesal Agustín , Murias Sara , Ara-Montojo Fátima , Otheo Enrique , Sanz-Santaeufemia Francisco J , Villarroya Álvaro , Udaondo Clara , Moraleda Cinta , Tagarro Alfredo 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesSARS-CoV-2 infection in adults with rheumatic diseases (RD) is a cause for concern. Data in the pediatric population are practically absent. We aimed to describe the prevalence of patients with RD and their complications among children admitted with COVID-19 in the Spanish national cohort EPICO-AEP; a multicenter prospective national study.MethodsChildren <18 years old with RD and COVID-19 enrolled in EPICO-AEP were included in this study.ResultsBy June 30th 2020, 350 children were admitted in secondary and tertiary hospitals of Spain with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A total of 8 patients presented RD (2.2% of those hospitalized). All were female. The median age was 12.1 years (IQR 8.3-14.5). The diagnosis related with COVID-19 were febrile syndrome and/or upper respiratory infection (4 cases) and pneumonia (4 cases). One of the 8 (12.5%) patients with a severe juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) with interstitial lung disease died. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) was the most frequent diagnosis in 3/8 (37.5%) patients. In 5/8 (62.5%) cases, the RD was not fully controlled, and all patients except one received corticosteroid treatment.ConclusionsChildren with RD have accounted for 2.2% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in our series. The evolution has been moderately favorable, with one deceased. In case of active disease and use of corticosteroids patients should be managed with caution.What is already known about this subject?Studies in adults with rheumatic disesases (RD) show that immune-mediated inflammatory disease and use of biologics are not associated with worse COVID-19.Poorly controlled active RD or some treatments such as corticosteroids, may have an increased risk of infection and serious disease in adults. No data in children.What does this study add?Pediatric data from the national EPICO-AEP registry in Spain are presented, where children with RD and COVID-19 were 2.2% of those hospitalized.Active disease and the use of corticosteroids could be considered risk factors in the pediatric population as well as in adults.How might this impact on clinical practice or future developments?The rheumatologist pediatrician must be very careful in the management of children with COVID-19 infection, especially if they receive corticosteroid treatment or have active RD.
SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with multiple sclerosis; A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bayat Mahnaz , Fayyazpoor Alireza , Haghighi Afshin Borhani , Salehi Daniyal , Vardanjan Hossein Molavi , Poursadeghfard Maryam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeurological disability associated with multiple sclerosis and immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapy which is administered for it may increases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its morbidity/mortality.ObjectiveIn this study, we evaluated the infection rate and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)MethodsOne thousand and three hundred and sixty one MS patients from Fars province, south of Iran, were interviewed by phone from April 3 to June 20, 2020. Basic demographic data, information about MS disease and any symptoms or laboratory results relevant to COVID-19 were gathered and reviewed by treating neurologist and MS nurses. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis.Results68 (5%) of MS patients were suspected cases and 8 (0.58%) of all patients with positive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or chest CT were in the confirmed group. 5 cases of the confirmed group needed hospitalization. Two patients died while both of them had PPMS and were taking rituximab. The frequency rate of suspected cases with RRMS was 57 (87.7%), followed by PPMS 5 (7.7%) and CIS 2(3.1%). In the confirmed group 37.5% had RRMS, 50% had PPMS, 25% use corticosteroid drug, and 50% were on rituximab. 62.5% of confirmed cases had high disability level and need assistance to walk. 36.8% of suspected and 25% of the confirmed cases were on IFN-β1; eventually all of them recovered well from COVID-19 infection.ConclusionThe present study showed that rate of developing COVID-19 in MS patients are similar to the general population and the frequency of PPMS phenotype, rituximab therapy and corticosteroid therapy were higher in the confirmed group.
On Classification and Taxonomy of Coronaviruses (Riboviria, Nidovirales, Coronaviridae) with special focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)
Authors: Mavrodiev Evgeny V. , Tursky Melinda L. , Mavrodiev Nicholas E. , Ebach Malte C. , Williams David M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoronaviruses are highly pathogenic and therefore important human and veterinary pathogens viruses worldwide (1). Members of family Coronaviridae have previously been analysed phylogenetically, resulting in proposals of virus interrelationships (2–5). However, available Coronavirus phylogenies remain unrooted, based on limited sampling, and normally depend on a single method (2–11). The main subjects of this study are the taxonomy and systematics of coronaviruses and our goal is to build the first natural classification of Coronaviridae using several methods of cladistic analyses (12), Maximum Likelihood method, as well as rigorous taxonomic sampling, making the most accurate representation of Coronaviridae’s relationships to date. Nomenclature recommendations to help effectively incorporate principles of binary nomenclature into Coronaviridae taxonomy are provided. We have stressed that no member ofSarbecovirusclade is an ancestor of SARS-Cov-2, and humans are the only known host.One Sentence SummaryMultiple comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of all coronavirus species enabled testing of critical proposals on virus interrelationships.