bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Formal Approach to Integrate Design and Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Kwon Patrick , Chung Moon Jung , Pentland Brian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present a new paradigm where design and manufacturing processes can be integrated. Engineers can do what-if analysis of a particular design choice before they continue with the design process, and select a design process that meets constraints such as cost, manufacturing setting and machine shop resources. These constraints in turn enforce the designer to choose the ‘correct’ parameters and processes in earlier stages of design. Even with an incomplete set of design data, problems in manufacturing can be forecasted to the engineers in product development. The crux of the new paradigm is a process grammar, which provides the abilities to represent, abstract, manipulate and execute design and manufacturing processes. The grammar also provides a theoretical foundation for an execution environment to carry out the iterative nature of the engineering process. This approach to the integration of engineering design processes can also be applied to coordinate concurrent engineering activities in a distributed environment. We have developed a web-based prototype of the framework called Manufacturing Integration and Design Automation System (MIDAS). The represented design and manufacturing processes can be executed in a distributed environment through a process controller. Communication among engineers is made through a collaborative design browser with various visualization tools. MIDAS conforms to the CORBA standard, and uses JAVA to create a platform independent environment on the Web.
Hole Pattern Identification in Gang Spindle Head Design for Reconfigurable Machining Systems
Authors: Ling Catherine , Yip-Hoi Derek , Koren Yoram 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A systematic methodology for automatic gang spindle head design through parallelism-based operation clustering is an important component in Reconfigurable Machining System (RmS)1 design. Such parallelism-based operation clusters as we refer to them, must satisfy a set of constraints in order to be processed simultaneously on a gang spindle head. A group of operations should be decomposed if any constraint is violated. In doing this, the identification of clusters with identical patterns can potentially lead to savings in machine design and reconfiguration costs. To identify these patterns manually is time consuming and prone to error. This paper presents a pattern identification algorithm that will recognize identical pattern clusters by first searching for translational vectors (or rotational vectors) and then extracting the appropriate sets of end-points. The algorithm automatically obtains all alternative solutions so that finding identical patterns on different faces of the part or on different parts within a part family can be implemented. This strategy maximizes the usage of identical spindles and/or machines. The cost associated with redesigning, testing, and reconfiguration is significantly reduced. Such a tool can be used by the system designer for gang spindle head design in the RmS domain.
A Quantitative Approach to Determining Product Platform Extent
Authors: Seepersad Carolyn Conner , Hernandez Gabriel , Allen Janet K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In many cases, capabilities for providing product variety may be enhanced efficiently and effectively by creating families of products based on product platforms. However, the actual extent of a product platform — the range of products based upon the platform — is usually determined qualitatively. We present a quantitative method for determining the number of scaleable platforms for a specific market as well as the distribution of products among multiple platforms, recognizing that multiple factors determine optimal platform extent and that these factors often conflict. We model these factors quantitatively, at either the systems level or the individual product level, using the compromise Decision Support Problem including concepts derived from linear physical programming. We apply this approach to an example study of a family of absorption chillers. Our emphasis is on the approach rather than the results, per se.
About the Stabilization of Anisotropic Cylindrical Shell With Elastic Filling
Authors: Sarkisyan Vladimir , Sarkisyan Sarkis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The problems about the optimal stabilization of mechanical system of a potency of continuum have the large interest, both theoretical and practical. The solution of such problems is reduced to the nonhomogeneous integro-differential equation with the symmetric kernel.
The essential results in the solution of problems of the optimum stabilization for mechanical systems of a potency of continuum are obtained [4], [5]. In work [4,5,6] the convergence of series of solutions and the finiteness of a target functional is proved uniformly. Solved a numerous problems of the optimal stabilization of vibrations of plates and rather slanting shells.
In various statements the problem of the optimal stabilization for anisotropic cylindrical shells are solved in [6] etc. The given work is attempt to fill in a gap the problems of the stabilization by the problems about the optimal stabilization of vibrations of shells with filling, where the filling as Winkler’s elastic base, and for filling of Vlasov’s model [3] is considered.
Towards Dynamic Tolerance Analysis Using a Finite Element Formulation
Authors: Salomons Otto , Arentsen Elmer , Aarts Ronald , van Houten Fred 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A theoretical framework is proposed by which the effect of tolerances can be analyzed. Especially it focuses on the influence of clearances on the dynamic behavior of mechanisms. As opposed to previous publications, where a bondgraph formulation was used, this paper uses a finite element formulation in order to simulate the dynamic behavior under the influence of tolerances and other physical effects. The finite element formulation that has been selected for this work has two major advantages when compared to a bondgraph formulation. The first important advantage is that the method is analytical to a great extent. As a result, no numerically derived derivatives will exist, hence not leading to numeric inaccuracies. The second advantage is that small numbers can be separated from large numbers allowing to separate tolerances from the nominal path, resulting in faster simulations. The paper describes how a geometric model, including its tolerances, can be transformed into a corresponding finite element model that on its part consists of submodels. Based on this model, simulations can be performed which can provide insight in the dynamic behavior of the mechanism. The paper details on how geometric tolerances (such as form, orientation, position as well as size and clearances), with the focus on clearances, can be accounted for in a finite element model.
Design and Optimization of Stamping Process to Improve Manufacturing Feasibility
Authors: Naceur H. , Guo Y. Q. , Batoz J. L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present a numerical procedure combining a finite element inverse approach (I.A.) [10, 14–18] for the simplified analysis of the stamping process with a mathematical programming technique (BFGS method) to optimize some process parameters. Our objective is to optimize the quality of the final workpiece, by minimizing the risk of rupture and wrinkles. The design variables of the present problem are the drawbead restraining forces in relation with the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD). The optimization procedure associated to the analytical sensitivities analysis technique based on the adjoint method is applied for the square cup of Numisheet’93 and the Twingo dashpot cup proposed by RENAULT [32]. The satisfactory results demonstrate the usefulness of this automatic optimization procedure in the preliminary design of deep-drawing process.
Principles and Applications on Intelligent Optimization Design Approach Based on Compound Knowledge
Authors: Yao Jianchu , Zhou Ji , Yu Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a concept of an intelligent optimal design approach, which is organized by a kind of compound knowledge model. The compound knowledge consists of modularized quantitative knowledge, inclusive experience knowledge and case-based sample knowledge. By using this compound knowledge model, the abundant mathematical information of mathematical programming and the symbolic knowledge of artificial intelligence can be united together in this model. The intelligent optimal design model based on such a compound knowledge and the automatically generated decomposition principals based on it are also presented. This paper realized the object-orientated based decomposition of optimal model and integration of compound knowledge. Practically, our approach has been applied to the production planning, process schedule and optimization of production process of a refining & chemical work and a great profit was achieved. Specially, the methods and principles presented in this paper are adaptable not only to continuous process industry, but also to discrete manufacturing one.
Optimization of Machine System Designs Based on Decomposition and Hierarchical Ordering of Criteria and Design Variables
Authors: Yoshimura Masataka , Nomura Ryousuke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Designs of machine products routinely have so many characteristics to be evaluated that usual design optimization methods often result in an unsatisfactory local optimum solution. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes a design optimization method based on decomposition by substructuralization and subsequent hierarchical ordering, considering the both conflicting and cooperative relationships between the characteristics under evaluation. First of all, each characteristic is divided into simpler basic characteristics. The pool of design variables is also divided into smaller groups, according to specific design features. Next, the relationships between the basic characteristics and the divided design variables, as well as the relationships among the characteristics themselves, are systematically identified and clarified. Then, based on this clarification, and after setting a core characteristic derived from the primary performance characteristic for the product under consideration, an optimization strategy and detailed hierarchical optimization procedures are constructed. In this paper, the proposed method is applied to machine tool structures and transportation products.
A Practical Bundle Algorithm for Nonconvex and Nonsmooth Engineering Optimization and its Numerical Implementation
Authors: Wang-Zhou Hong , Zhong Yifang , Xiao Renbin , Du Xuan , Zhou Ji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An algorithm based on Lemarechal’s bundle method for nonsmooth and nonconvex engineering optimization is proposed. The convergence result is given and proved. The algorithm’s numerical implementation is discussed in detail. By the numerical methods proposed by this paper, most bundle methods could be used in practical engineering optimization. Finally, some numerical results are presented to show its efficiency.
Hierarchical Parallel Processes of Genetic Algorithms for Design Optimization of Large-Scale Products
Authors: Yoshimura Masataka , Izui Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A large-scale machine system often has a general hierarchical structure. For hierarchical structures, optimization is difficult because many local optima almost always arise, however genetic algorithms that have a hierarchical genotype can be applied to treat such problems directly. Relations between the structural components are analyzed and this information is used to partition the hierarchical structure. Partitioning large-scale problems into sub-problems that can be solved using parallel processed GAs increases the efficiency of the optimization search. The optimization of large-scale systems then becomes possible due to information sharing of Pareto optimum solutions for the sub-problems.
Automatic Calculation of Product Architecture Metrics Within a Solid Modeler
Authors: Line J. Kevin , Steiner Mark W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The architecture of a product is defined as the scheme in which functions are mapped to physical components. Architecture has a strong impact on how a product satisfies design objectives. There are several ways to measure architecture, and one is implemented into a solid modeling program, that will do the quantification automatically. The software used is the I-DEAS solid modeling package, for which an internal program file was created to automatically perform the calculations. This program works by counting the parts that the user has created, then uses an internal I-DEAS function to find all of the joined parts. The program counts the joints and then prompts the user for the strength of each joint. With this information, an adjusted parts connectivity and average joint strength is calculated and can be used to evaluate the degree to which the architecture of a product is either integral or modular. Four case studies are presented that were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. Three of these yielded excellent results, but the final case study failed because of model input problems. With further development this program could be a very important design tool in the future.
The Impact of Reference Free Part Encapsulation (RFPE) on Design for Manufacturability With CNC Machining
Authors: Ahn Sung H. , Plancarte Juan , Wright Paul K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Reference Free Part Encapsulation (RFPE) is a workholding system which is designed to “free-up” the design space and greatly expand the possible range of the parts that can be designed and then machined. RFPE allows the machining of parts with thin spars and narrow cross-sections. Such parts are often difficult or impossible to hold with conventional vises or toe-clamps. Despite the increased capability of the RFPE technique, its influence on part warpage and part accuracy has not yet been sufficiently documented, and thus the experiments reported here have made a new contribution in this direction. 7075T6 aluminum (annealed) and ABS materials were machined with flat end mills, and deflections of the specimens were measured. The results were obtained in two categories i) without RFPE using conventional toe clamps ii) with RFPE. RFPE uses a bi-phase material (Rigidax™). In the conventional toe clamp set-up, the aluminum specimens showed increasing warpage with decreasing test-part dimension. When the molten fixturing material was applied, the warpage remained the same for the aluminum specimens. In the conventional toe clamp set-up, the ABS plastic showed almost no warpage after machining. However, warpage increased to a maximum of 0.04∼0.06 inch when the fixturing material was applied to the ABS specimens. The warpage is proposed to occur due to the relaxation of ABS’s anisotropic molecular chains during the heating and cooling process. In conclusion, warpage of thin aluminum parts was from machining-induced residual stress, but warpage of thin ABS parts was mainly from thermal residual stress developed during the RFPE process. Results presented in this paper indicate the amount of warpage that might be expected. These values could be used in CAD/CAM databases for DFM (Design For Manufacturing) checking.
Measuring Value of Prototypes During Product Development
Authors: Franck Christopher G. , Rosen David W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rapid prototyping has become a key factor in reducing the cost and time to market associated with new product development. Unfortunately a lot of the potential time and cost savings associated with rapid prototyping are lost due to the use of processes that are incompatible with the type of information needed by the designer at any given point in the product development process. A quantitative measure is proposed in this paper for the value of a prototype at any given point in the product development process, where value is defined as a function of benefit (information learned) of a prototype and the cost of the prototype. The value measure is utilized to suggest prototyping technologies to aid the designer in selecting appropriate technologies. Three different value metrics were developed: one based on the benefit-to-cost ratio, one on utility theory, and one on value theory. The value metrics are applied to an industrial example, a cash register till, and compared on their ability to suggest appropriate prototyping technologies along the design time-line.
A Proactive Approach to Integrated Synthesis of Components and Realization Systems
Authors: Yan Xiu-Tian , Borg Jonathan C. , Juster Neal P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Product designers are under increasing pressure to reduce lead time, improve quality and reduce cost of a product. An important approach is to generate not only design solutions of a component, but also manufacturing models for the component at the same time so that a designer can make design decisions whilst having access to evolving “virtual” manufacturing system models. This paper presents such an approach that proactively supports designers to make informed design decisions, by revealing knowledge of component related manufacturing and assembly processes. Knowing the manufacturing and assembly implications of design decisions during design, designers are aided to avoid negative implications and promote positive ones. Based on the approach a Knowledge Intensive CAD (KICAD) prototype tool, named FORESEE has been developed. FORESEE allows designers to foresee and explore manufacturing and assembly consequences caused by design decisions, co-evolving during mechanical component design decision making. The paper presents an outline of the KICAD’s approach, its architecture, system requirements of such a system and its implementation. The application of the prototype is also demonstrated through a thermoplastic component design session.
Material Modeling for Shape Deposition Manufacturing of Biomimetic Components
Authors: Xu Xiaorong , Cheng Wendy , Dudek Daniel , Cutkosky Mark R. , Full Robert J. , Hatanaka Motohide 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As our understanding of the principles underlying animal locomotion improves, we are inspired to apply them to robot design. This has traditionally been achieved through controls or discrete mechanical devices; however, new manufacturing methods, such as Shape Deposition Manufacturing (SDM), offer us the opportunity to develop mechanisms containing intrinsic mechanical properties tailored for function. To properly utilize SDM, we must develop a bridge between biology and design. As a first step, we have conducted relaxation and dynamic tests on the ablated metathoracic limb of the Blabems discoidalis cockroach and derived measures of stiffness and damping. We then tested an SDM-compatible polymer with similar viscoelastic properties. Comparison and understanding of the mapping between these two materials enables us to design and manufacture legs with stiffness and damping similar to those found in insects.
Wavelet-Based Surface Analysis for Form Feature Extraction
Authors: Sun Lei , Qamhiyah Abir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A new procedure for extracting form features from solid models with non-planar surfaces is presented in this paper. In the procedure, a surface is selected as the unit for feature representation, i.e. “feature primitive.” Three-dimensional wavelet transforms are applied to code and classify surfaces in a CAD model. Form features are then extracted by clustering the coded surfaces. Two wavelet bases, Harr and Daubechies with different vanishing moments, have been implemented. An example is presented to demonstrate the proposed procedure.
Layer Based Robot Machining for Rapid Prototyping
Authors: Song Y. , Chen Y. H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many useful methods have been applied to Rapid Prototyping (RP) technologies in recent years, and each of them has its own features. To solve the problem in large-scale prototyping, a robotic machining center with layer based algorithms is developed. Using STereoLithography (STL) file, the surfaces of a model are represented by triangles. Calculating the intersection between a series of parallel planes and the STL file, a STereolithography Contour (SLC) file of the model is generated where the model is represented as a series of contours on a set of parallel planes. Instead of using the popular RP technologies, traditional Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC) machining method is applied in machining each layer of the model. With visibility calculation, the thickness of each material layer is selected. When collision is detected for a point on the tool path, the orientation of the tool is modified. With the machining of a vase model, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated. Errors of the robot machining system are analyzed by a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) and a surface texture measuring machine.
Kinematic Analysis of Threaded Fastener Assembly in 3 Dimensions
Authors: Wiedmann Stephen L. , Sturges Robert H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work concentrates on a common assembly primitive, threaded fastener insertion, in an effort to determine the nature of contact between a bolt and nut during thread mating. Contact state models were created to constrain the motion of the bolt at 1 and 2-point contacts. By analyzing the depth of intersection of the bolt into the nut as well as the vertical movement of the origin of the bolt reference frame, we determined that there are three types of contacts states present: unstable two-point, quasi-stable two-point, stable three point. Though the unstable case remains to be deciphered, the parametric equations derived in this work can be used without modification to create a full spectrum of maps at any point in the history of a threaded assembly problem. We investigated 81 potential orientations, each of which has its own set of contact points. From this exhaustive examination, we are capable of detailing a contact state history and, from this, have the potential to develop a constraint network.
Qualitative and Imprecise Solid Modeling for Conceptual Shape Design
Authors: Shu Huilin , Liu Jihong , Zhong Yifang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The shape design of products is the primary activity of design process. The research on qualitative & imprecise solid modeling for computer-aided conceptual shape design is presented in this paper. At first, the requirements of shape representation for computer-aided conceptual shape design are emphatically discussed. Secondly, in the situation where the product information is deficient, the ideas of qualitative and imprecise solid modeling are presented to deal with qualitative and imprecise information in the phase of conceptual shape design. The aims are mainly to explore the representation and manipulation of product shapes, and to benefit designers to design shapes in the phase of conceptual design. Finally, a prototype system CACSD is briefly introduced to implement the relevant ideas.