bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Intergenerational Gap: The Outcomes of a Student-Initiated, Longitudinal, Inter-professional, Inter-generational Home Visit Program
Authors: Ng Kennedy , Leung Gloria Yao Chi , Tey Angeline Jie-Yin , Chaung Jia Quan , Lee Si Min , Soundararajan Amrish , Yow Ka Shing , Ngiam Nerice Heng Wen , Lau Tang Ching , Wong Sweet Fun , Wong Chek Hooi , Koh Gerald Choon-Huat 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background The older persons consume disproportionately more healthcare resources than younger persons. Tri-Generational HomeCare (TriGen), a service-learning program, aimed to reduce hospital admission rates amongst older patients with frequent admissions. The authors evaluated the educational and patient outcomes of TriGen. Methods Teams consisting of healthcare undergraduates and lay volunteers – secondary school (SS) students - performed fortnightly home visits to patients over 6 months. Self-administered scales were used to evaluate the educational outcomes. Patients’ satisfaction and clinical outcomes were also assessed. Results 226 healthcare undergraduates and 359 SS students participated in the program from 2015 to 2018. Response rates were 80.1% and 62.4% respectively. 106 patients participated in TriGen. There was a statistically significant increase in Kogan’s Attitudes towards Old Persons scores pre- and post-intervention for healthcare undergraduates and SS students with a mean increase of 12.8 (95%CI: 9.5 – 16.2, p < 0.001) and 8.3 (95%CI: 6.2 – 10.3, p < 0.001) respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in Palmore FAQ score pre- and post-intervention for SS students. Most volunteers reported that TriGen was beneficial across all nine domains assessed. There was a statistically significant decrease in hospital admission rates (p = 0.006) and emergency department visits (p = 0.004) during the 6-month period before and after the program. 51 patients answered the patient feedback survey. Of this, more than 80% reported feeling less lonely and happier. Conclusion TriGen, a student-initiated, longitudinal, inter-generational service-learning program consisting of lay students and healthcare undergraduates can reduce ageism, develop soft skills, inculcate values amongst lay volunteers (SS students) and healthcare undergraduates. In addition, TriGen potentially reduces hospital admissions and emergency department visits, and loneliness amongst frequently admitted older patients.
The effectiveness of virtual reality-based technology on anatomy teaching: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: zhao jingjie , xu xinliang , Jiang Hualin , ding yi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) is an innovation that permits the individual to discover and operate three-dimensional (3D) environment to gain practical understanding instantly. Recently, VR has been advanced as an encouraging tool in the course of clinical college. This research aimed to examine the general efficiency of VR for teaching medical anatomy. We executed a meta-analysis of randomized regulated studies of the performance of VR anatomy education. We browsed 5 databases from the year 1990 to 2019. Ultimately, 15 randomized controlled trials with a teaching outcome measure analysis were included. Tow authors separately chosen studies, extracted information, and examined the risk of bias. The primary outcomes were examination scores of the students. Secondary outcomes were the degree of satisfaction of the students. Random-effects models were used for the pooled evaluations. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was applied to assess the systematic results. The heterogeneity was determined by I2 statistics, and then was investigated by meta-regression and subgroup analyses. In this review, we screened and included fifteen randomized controlled researches (816 students). The pooled analysis of primary outcomes showed that VR improves test scores comparing with other approaches (standardized mean difference [SMD]= 0.53; 95% CI 0.09–0.97; I2= 87.8%). The high homogeneity indicated that the studies were different from each other. Therefore, we carried out meta-regression as well as subgroup analyses using 7 variables (year, country, learners, course, intervention, comparator, and duration). We found that VR improves postintervention test score of anatomy comparing with other types of teaching methods. Although the findings have high internal validity and limited, because of that anatomy teaching in medical universities appears to becoming a dilemma, VR may act as an efficient way to improve the learners’ level of anatomy knowledge. Future research should assess other factors like degree of satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, and adverse reactions when evaluating the teaching effectiveness of VR in anatomy.
Bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility of conjunctivitis patients isolates from central of Iran
Authors: Shaeri Mahdi , Nazari-Alam Ali , Moniri Rezvan , Akbari Hosein , Mansoori Mansooreh , Aghajani Ali , Fathizadeh Hadis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Conjunctivitis is a very common ocular disease, which can be caused by a wide variety of microorganisms. Identification of the bacterial causes of this infection in a specific geographical area can help physicians devise more efficient therapeutic strategies for this disease in the local population. This study bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility of conjunctivitis patients isolates from central of Iran.Methods: This study was performed of 180 patients referred to department of ophthalmology in Kashan University with symptoms of conjunctivitis from July 2017 to December 2017. Samples were collected from the conjunctival sac and cultured in bacterial culture mediums. Antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria isolated was done using the Kirby-Bauer method. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci isolated from the patients was identified using PCR technique.Results: In the present study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most resistant to ampicillin. In the case of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, the highest resistance was observed against erythromycin and the least resistance was against rifampicin and linezolid. Conclusion: In this study, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common cause of conjunctivitis in all age groups, however, this condition decreases with age and is also influenced by other factors such as season and weather conditions. The results of this study can be helpful in planning more prudent treatment strategies for patients with conjunctivitis in Kashan.
Overexpression of target enzyme gene fabI and efflux pump decrease triclosan susceptibility in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zeng Weiliang , Xu Wenya , Xu Ye , Liao Wenli , Zhao Yajie , Zheng Xiangkuo , Xu Chunquan , Zhou Tieli , Cao Jianming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Escherichia coli isolates, the most opportunistic pathogen in the gut, are responsible for the most acquired infections. Triclosan is an effective disinfectant for inhibits microorganisms, but its widespread use causes its residue in urine, resulting in long-term exposure of E. coli in the intestine to triclosan environment and increasing triclosan resistance. We aim to provide the mechanism of action of E. coli isolates against triclosan and the molecular epidemiological analysis of triclosan-resistant strains.Results: Five triclosan-resistant isolates were screened out from 200 E. coli isolates by agar dilution method by to further study, interestingly, multidrug-resistant and cross-resistance phenotypes were observed in triclosan-resistant strains, but not in susceptible strains, and all except one exhibited an inhibition of efflux pump activity by efflux pump inhibition testing. Furthermore, compared with susceptible E. coli strain ATCC 25922, except fabI, increased expression were also found in efflux pump encoding genes ydcV, ydcU, ydcS, ydcT, cysP, yihV, acrB, acrD and mdfA in studied strains which had different PFGE patterns and STs types.Conclusions: These findings indicated that triclosan resistance in E. coli were mainly involved by overexpression of fabI gene, and there was a close association between overexpression of efflux pump with reducing susceptibility to triclosan. Besides, we described cross-resistance between triclosan and antibiotics may be related to the exposure time of triclosan.
A multiplex guide RNA expression system and its efficacy for plant genome engineering
Authors: Oh Youngbin , Kim Hyeonjin , Lee Bora , Kim Sang-Gyu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR system is composed of a Cas9 endonuclease (SpCas9) and a single-stranded guide RNA (gRNA) harboring a target-specific sequence. Theoretically, SpCas9 proteins could cleave as many targeted loci as gRNAs bind in a genome.ResultsWe introduce a PCR-free multiple gRNA cloning system for editing plant genomes. This method consists of two steps: (1) cloning annealed products of two oligonucleotides harboring target-binding sequence between tRNA and gRNA scaffold sequences in a pGRNA vector; and (2) assembling tRNA-gRNA units from several pGRNA vectors with a plant binary vector containing a SpCas9 expression cassette using the Golden Gate assembly method. We validated the editing efficiency and patterns of the multiplex gRNA expression system in wild tobacco (Nicotiana attenuata) protoplasts and in transformed plants by performing targeted deep sequencing. Two proximal cleavages by SpCas9-gRNA largely increased the editing efficiency and induced large deletions between two cleavage sites.ConclusionsThis multiplex gRNA expression system enables high-throughput production of a single binary vector and increases the efficiency of plant genome editing.
ART coverage and viral load suppression rates as correlates to HIV positivity in Kenya; Spatial-temporal analyses 2015-17
Authors: Waruru Anthony , Kimani Maureen , Wamicwe Joyce , Masamaro Kenneth , Zielinski-Gutierrez Emily , Basiye Frank , Okutoyi Salome , Ng’ang’a Lucy , Achia Thomas N. O. , Muthusi Jacques , Tobias James L. , Njuguna Stella , Mbaire Catherine , Cock Kevin M. De , Tylleskär Thorkild 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
IntroductionHigh antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage and high rates of viral load suppression (VLS) should reduce transmission of HIV, and ultimately, HIV incidence and the number of new HIV diagnoses out of the number tested (HIV positivity). We used 3 years of HIV program data in Kenya to assess whether trends in the number of new HIV diagnoses were associated with ART coverage and VLS rates and spatial-temporally auto-correlated at county level.MethodsWe analyzed routine program county-level aggregate data on ART coverage and VLS (proportion of persons on ART with VL<1000 copies/mL) from 3 years (2015-2017). We examined the association between ART coverage and VLS rates to HIV positivity by fitting spatial and spatial-temporal semi-parametric Poisson regression models using R-Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) package. We used the extended Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel stratified test of association to test for trend for rates across years and Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations nonparametric rank test to compare medians for continuous variables. We fit a structural equation model to assess direct and total effects between the two exogenous covariates to adjusted newly HIV-diagnosed as the endogenous variable adjusting for clustering by 47 counties. Finally, we mapped adjusted HIV positivity using QGIS version 3.2.Results and discussionA spatial-temporal model with covariates was better in explaining geographical variation in HIV positivity (deviance information criterion (DIC) 381.2), than either a non-temporal spatial model (DIC 418.6) or temporal model without covariates (DIC 449.2). Overall, the adjusted HIV positivity decreased over 3 years from median of 2.9% in 2015, [interquartile range (IQR): 1.9-3.4] to 1.5% in 2017, IQR(1.3-2.0), p=0.032. While adjusting for clustering and covariance, VLS had a direct effect on HIV positivity rates p=0.004, but ART coverage did not, p=0.843.ConclusionsFrom 2015-2017, there has been improved ART coverage and sustained VL coverage and suppression rates. We have observed a general decline of rates of HIV positivity associated with VLS rates. To assess the trends and impact of implementation of scaled-up care and treatment, spatial-temporal analyses help to identify geographic areas that need focused interventions.
A novel anatomical titanium plate versus the reconstruction plate for quadrilateral plate fractures of the acetabulum: A propensity-matched cohort study
Authors: Wu Haiyang , Shang Ranran , Liu Ximing , Song Chengjing , Chen Yanzhao , cai xianhua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Because of the peculiar anatomy and complex geometry of this region, surgical treatment of acetabular fractures involving quadrilateral plate is a challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. Many scholars consider that quadrilateral plate exist a absolute “dangerous zone” for screw placement and have designed a variety of buttress plates to control medial displacement of the quadrilateral surface. In order to achieve the safe and effective fixation in quadrilateral plate, we have developed a novel fixation technique using a special shaped reconstruction plate combined with several buttress screws of quadrilateral plate which was called Dynamic Anterior Plate-Screw System for Quadrilateral plate (DAPSQ) since 2005(RP group). And the long-term follow-up results have confirmed the effectiveness and safety of this technique. After 2016, a set of anatomical titanium plate(ATP group) of DAPSQ have been designed and applied for the treatment of quadrilateral plate fractures. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of anatomical titanium plate versus the reconstruction plate in the treatment of quadrilateral plate fractures. Methods We led a propensity-matched cohort study of quadrilateral plate fractures, and twenty-two patients were treated with anatomical titanium plate of DAPSQ in the inclusion period(2016-2018), and were matched to 22 cases in our database of RP group(2008-2016). The primary outcome measures were quality of reduction and functional outcome. Intraoperative conditions included surgical time, bleeding, and blood transfusion and the postoperative complications were also compared. Results Of these 22 consecutive patients in ATP group, the mean age was 46.7 years and the most common fracture pattern was a both-column fracture(12cases, 54.5%) according to Letournel-Judet classification. The mean follow up period was 23.1 months (range 12-37). There was no significant differences between the two groups with regards the quality of reduction using the Matta radiological criteria and functional outcomes evaluated by the modified Merle d’Aubigné score(P>0.05). Compared with the RP group, the ATP group has a short operation time(245.1 minutes vs. 286.8 minutes, P = 0.020), less intraoperative blood loss(1136.4 mL vs. 1777.3mL, P = 0.014) and transfusion(780.9 vs. 1256.8mL, P = 0.035). The complication rate was 22.7% in ATP group, and there was no significantly difference compared with the RP group(54.5%)(P>0.05). None of the cases in the two groups had quadrilateral screws entering the hip or implant failure. Conclusions The fixation of anatomical titanium plate in quadrilateral plate fractures showed similar result to the reconstruction plate, in terms of quality of reduction and functional outcome. But the utility of anatomical titanium plate had the advantages of shorter operation time, less bleeding and transfusion which is worthy to recommend.
Correlates of Ghanaian households’ use of climate-friendly and health-promoting fuels: insight from the 2014 demographic and health surveys
Authors: Dadzie Seth Sylvester , Kenney Paul Lawer , Emmanuel Nakua Kweku , Herman Agboh Nuake Kofi , Henry Duah Ofori , Veronica Dzomeku Millicent , Pascal Agbadi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background About five of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) directly calls for clean and climate-friendly household cooking fuels to help mitigate Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) and black carbon emissions to ensure that the global mean temperature is kept below 1.5 o C to promote good human health. In developing countries, climate-friendly and health-promoting fuels (CF&HPFs) are generally unaffordable and inaccessible. Studies on the prevalence and the predictors of household use of climate-friendly fuels and health-promoting fuels (CF&HPFs) in Ghana are few and nationally non-representative. To effectively design programs that encourage Ghanaian households to use CF&HPFs, the study estimated the proportion of households currently using CF&HPFs and delineated factors that account for their use.Methods The study used the data of the cross-sectional demographic and health surveys conducted in 2014. Chi-square test of independence was used to identify the predictors that were statistically significant related to households’ use of CF&HPFs for the multivariable model. In the multivariable model, we reported prevalence ratios using the generalized linear model (glm), setting the family to “Poisson” and the link to “log.” The estimation adjusted for the study designed and the household sampling weights.Results The main finding was that rich households were 8.85 times likely to use CF&HPFs compared to poor households. We further found that the following factors were associated with a higher probability of a Ghanaian household to use climate-friendly and health-promoting fuels for cooking: male-headed households, households’ headed by persons between 24years and 55 years, households with heads that were currently married or never married, households with heads that have attained at least a primary level education, households with less than eight members, households with at least two women, and households in Western, Central, Greater Accra, Volta, Eastern, Ashanti, Brong Ahafo, Upper East region.Conclusion Given that the most important correlate of household’s use of CF&HPFs is household wealth, we recommend that significant attention should be given to economic empowerment of citizens in policies and interventions aimed at encouraging Ghanaians to use this type of fuel.
Relationship of Vitamin D Deficiency to Cardiovascular and Metabolic Parameters in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Butler Alexandra , Dargham Soha R , Seif Ahmed Abou , Shewehy Abeer El , Atkin Stephen L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective To determine if vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3)), exacerbated the cardiovascular and metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Design Comparative cross-sectional analysis.Methods Demographic and metabolic data from women aged 18-40 years from the Qatar Biobank (QBB) (78 diagnosed with PCOS, 641 controls).Results Vitamin D deficiency (median (range)) was seen in both normal 14.0 (124) ng/ml and the PCOS cohorts 14.0 (62) ng/ml and did not differ between them. Whilst PCOS subjects were heavier with a more metabolic profile (greater systolic and diastolic blood pressure, higher levels of C-reactive protein, androgens, insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, with endothelial dysfunction as determined by pulse wave velocity, there was no correlation (Pearson coefficient) of any these parameters with vitamin D for either the control or PCOS population.Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency was equally prevalent in women with and without PCOS and was not correlated to insulin resistance, metabolic or cardiovascular parameters, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency is not associated with the PCOS phenotype.
Gastric Artery Embolization: Studying Effects of Catheter Type and Injection Rate on Bead Distributions within a Benchtop Arterial Model
Authors: Jernigan Shaphan R , Osborne Jason A , Buckner Gregory D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aims: To investigate the effect of catheter type and injection method on microsphere distributions, specifically vessel targeting accuracy. Materials and Methods: The study utilized three catheter types (a standard micro-catheter, a Surefire anti-reflux catheter, and an Endobar occlusion balloon catheter) and both manual and computer-controlled injection schemes. A closed-loop, dynamically pressurized surrogate arterial system was assembled to replicate arterial flow for bariatric embolization procedures. Four vessel branches immediately distal to the injection site were targeted for embolization. Embolic microspheres were injected into the model using three catheter types (a standard micro-catheter, a Surefire anti-reflux catheter, and an Endobar occlusion balloon catheter) and both manual and computer-controlled injections. Results: Across all injection methods, the catheter effect on the proportion of microspheres to target vessels (vs. non-target vessels) was significant (p=0.0051). The catheter effect on the number of non-target vessels embolized was significant (p=0.0590). Across all catheter types, the injection method effect was not statistically significant for either of two outcome measures (percent microspheres to target vessels: p=0.2652, number of non-target vessels embolized: p=0.1476). Conclusion: Catheter type had a significant effect on targeting accuracy across all injection methods. The Endobar catheter exhibited a higher targeting accuracy in pairwise comparisons with the other two injection catheters across all injection schemes and when considering the Endobar catheter with the manifold injection method vs. each of the catheters with the manual injection method; the differences were significant in 3 of 4 analyses. The injection method effect was not statistically significant across all catheter types and when considering the Endobar catheter/Endobar manifold combination vs. Endobar catheter injections with manual and pressure-replicated methods.
Study on the relationship between Cardio-cerebrovascular events and the level of Atherosclerosis evaluated by Heart-brain Integrated CTA
Authors: Yu Huan , Zhang Yue , Zhu Dong , Duan Kai , Hu Yi , Song Chunhua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: To establish a one-stop cardio-cerebral vascular scanning technique based on double-source helical CT by analyzing the relationship between the nature of coronary artery, extracranial and extracranial vascular plaque, the degree of lumen stenosis and the occurrence and development of cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). Methods: the plaque properties, vascular stenosis degree, and plaque quantitative analysis results of coronary artery, extracranial and intracranial segments of coronary artery, extracranial and intracranial carotid artery in 39 patients who underwent combined heart-brain CTA scanning were analyzed. The correlation between the load degree of cardio-cerebrovascular plaque and cardio-cerebrovascular events was analyzed comprehensively. Results: there were significant differences in age, high-density lipoprotein, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, plaque nature, plaque location, plaque composition and NIHSS score between the two groups. Conclusion: the combination of heart and brain CTA can help to establish the best clinical predictive model to prevent and stop the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease and stroke in time.