bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Polyphenolic Composition of Berries from the Tibetan Plateau by UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap MS System
Authors: Jia Qiangqiang , Zhang Shoude , Zhang Hongyang , Yang Xijuan , Cui Xinli , Su Zhanhai , Hu Ping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFive traditional medicinal food from the Tibetan plateau including Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov (NT), Hippophae rhamnoides L. (HR), Lycium ruthenicum Murray (LR), Lycium barbarum L. (LB) and Rubus corchorifolius L.f. (RC) are rich in phenolic compounds. However, the detailed studies about the phenolic compounds remain scarce. Therefore, we established a rapid method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of the phenolic compounds from berries via Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Quadruple‐Orbitrap MS system (UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap MS). This method was verified from many aspects including detection limit, quantification limit, precision, repeatability, stability, average recovery rate and recovery range, and then was used to analyze the phenolic compounds in these five species of berries. Finally, a total of 21 phenolic compounds were directly identified by comparing the retention time and exact mass, of which 14 compounds were identified by us for the first time in berries from the Tibetan plateau, including one flavonoid aglycone (myricetin), 11 phenolic acids (gallic acid, protocatechuate, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid, 2‐hydroxybenzeneacetic acid and ellagic acid), one flavanol (catechin) and one dihydrochalcone flavonoid (phloretin). Quantitative results showed that rutin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol were the main flavonoids. Moreover, a variety of phenolic acid compounds were also detected in most of the berries from the Tibetan plateau. Among these compounds, the contents of protocatechuate and chlorogenic acid were high, and high levels of catechin and phloretin were also detected in these plateau berries.
Alkali Promotion in the Formation of CH4 from CO2 and Renewably Produced H2 over Supported Ni Catalysts
Authors: Vogt Charlotte , Wijten Jochem , Madeira Chantal Leal , Kerkenaar Oscar , Xu Kangming , Holzinger Rupert , Monai Matteo , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn Power‐to‐Methane (PtM) plants, the renewable electricity supply can be stabilized by using green electrons to produce H2 via H2O electrolysis, which is subsequently used to hydrogenate CO2 into CH4. In this work PtM is studied in a cascade fashion, from simulated solar light to methane production in an all‐in‐one setup, which was newly developed for this work. This setup was used to assess the effects of H2 stream purity on the activity of Ni/SiO2 catalysts in CO2 methanation. An activity effect in downstream methanation is shown to be onset by aerosols that evolve from the electrochemical splitting of water. Small amounts of K are shown to affect CH4 production positively, but only if they are deposited in situ, via KOH aerosols. K‐doped Ni/SiO2 catalysts prepared in an ex situ manner, by impregnation with a KOH solution, showed a decrease in activity, while the same amount of KOH was deposited. Operando FT‐IR spectroscopy reveals that increased back‐donation to CO‐containing intermediates and carbonates formation likely causes catalyst deactivation in ex situ samples as often reported in literature for Ni/SiO2 catalysts. The mechanism for in situ promotion is either an increased rate in the hydrogenation of CHx (X=0–3) fragments, or a more facile water formation or desorption as CO‐containing reaction intermediates are unaffected by in situ promotion. These results are relevant to PtM from a fundamental standpoint explaining the effect of potassium on nickel methanation, but also from a practical standpoint as the presented effect of in situ promotion is difficult to achieve via standard synthesis methods.
Batch process monitoring using multiway Laplacian autoencoders
Authors: Gao Xuejin , Xu Zidong , Li Zheng , Wang Pu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel nonlinear method named multiway Laplacian autoencoder (MLAE) is proposed for batch process monitoring. Autoencoder (AE) is an effective unsupervised learning neural network for nonlinear feature extraction. Compared with traditional AEs, the proposed method has two main advantages. Firstly, traditional AEs usually ignore the local structure of the original dataset. The proposed MLAE method integrates graph Laplacian regularization to the loss function, and, thus, the local structure of the normal process data is fully considered. Secondly, the Laplacian matrix of the regularization term is constructed by an average local affinity matrix of all batch runs, which contains the information of the stochastic deviations among batches. Furthermore, two statistics, ie, H2 and SPE statistics, are developed based on the extracted hidden representation and the retained reconstruction error. The effectiveness and advantages of the MLAE‐based monitoring strategy are illustrated by a benchmark penicillin fermentation process and a real E. coli fermentation process.
PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map
Authors: Mohan Dinesh , Tiwari Geetam , Varghese Mathew , Bhalla Kavi , John Denny , Saran Ashrita , White Howard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020, officially proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in March 2010, sought to reduce morbidity and mortality due to road traffic injuries (RTI) significantly. While there is reasonable agreement internationally on safer designs of motor vehicles (except locally produced vehicles like three‐wheeled scooter taxis, tuk‐tuks, jeepneys, etc.), there is a lack of evidence based interventions in road and infrastructure design, police enforcement and post‐crash care. Researchers in the field of traffic safety have been aware of the existence of counterintuitive results in their area of work for more than four decades. The fact that many interventions do not result in reductions in RTI is mainly because a large number of studies only measure intermediate outcomes like change in behaviour or knowledge and not the actual results in the field. The scope of this evidence and gap map (EGM) is to cover relevant studies in road safety sector from all countries and present the effectiveness of interventions in terms of mainly traffic crash injuries as its outcome. The interventions adopted in this EGM are classified into five broad categories: Human factors, vehicle factors and protective devices, road design, infrastructure and traffic control, post‐crash pre‐hospital care and legal and institutional framework. In order to come closer to accomplishing targets for road safety, it is important to allocate resources to promote interventions that are effective in achieving outcomes in the context of road safety. A mapping will provide a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge in the area of road safety and its effectiveness across the world. The map will guide programme managers to high quality evidence and inform targeted commissioning of future research.
The Systems Biology of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters: Relevance to Quantitative Systems Pharmacology
Authors: Nigam Sanjay K. , Bush Kevin T. , Bhatnagar Vibha , Poloyac Samuel M. , Momper Jeremiah D. 
Published: March 2020

Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) has emerged as a transformative science in drug discovery and development. It is now time to fully rethink the biological functions of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and transporters within the framework of QSP models. The large set of DME and transporter genes are generally considered from the perspective of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs. However, there is a growing amount of data on the endogenous physiology of DMEs and transporters. Recent studies—including systems biology analyses of “omics” data as well as metabolomics studies—indicate that these enzymes and transporters, which are often among the most highly expressed genes in tissues like liver, kidney, and intestine, have coordinated roles in fundamental biological processes. Multispecific DMEs and transporters work together with oligospecific and monospecific ADME proteins in a large multiorgan remote sensing and signaling network. We use the Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory (RSST) to examine the roles of DMEs and transporters in intratissue, interorgan, and interorganismal communication via metabolites and signaling molecules. This RSST‐based view is applicable to bile acids, uric acid, eicosanoids, fatty acids, uremic toxins, and gut microbiome products, among other small organic molecules of physiological interest. Rooting this broader perspective of DMEs and transporters within QSP may facilitate an improved understanding of fundamental biology, physiologically based pharmacokinetics, and the prediction of drug toxicities based upon the interplay of these ADME proteins with key pathways in metabolism and signaling. The RSST‐based view should also enable more tailored pharmacotherapy in the setting of kidney disease, liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. We further discuss the pharmaceutical and regulatory implications of this revised view through the lens of systems physiology.
Presence of mother prompts dissociation of sickness behavior, fever, and hypothalamic gene expression in lipopolysaccharide‐injected guinea pig pups
Authors: Hennessy Michael B. , Sensenbaugh Joshua D. , Molina Andrea L. , Schiml Patricia A. , Deak Terrence 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuring infection, sickness behaviors, such as a hunched stance with piloerection, can facilitate host resistance by supporting the generation and maintenance of fever. Fever, in turn, is mediated by hypothalamic neuroimmune signaling. Sickness behaviors, however, can also be influenced by social stimuli. In this study, guinea pig pups were injected with lipopolysaccharide to simulate a bacterial infection and then exposed to a novel, threatening environment while either with their mother or alone. We found that the presence of the mother suppressed sickness behavior, but enhanced fever, and had no measureable effect on gene expression of hypothalamic mediators of fever. This 3‐way dissociation induced by the mother's presence is interpreted in terms of the differential adaptive consequences of behavioral and febrile responses for pups in this situation. The results contribute to a growing literature linking immunological and social processes.
Comparable efficacy with similarly low risk of hypoglycaemia in patient‐ vs physician‐managed basal insulin initiation and titration in insulin‐naïve type 2 diabetic subjects: The Italian Titration Approach Study
Authors: Bonadonna Riccardo C. , Giaccari Andrea , Buzzetti Raffaella , Perseghin Gianluca , Cucinotta Domenico , Avogaro Angelo , Aimaretti Gianluca , Larosa Monica , Fanelli Carmine G. , Bolli Geremia B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsPeople with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2DM) often delay initiating and titrating basal insulin. Patient‐managed titration may reduce such deferral. The Italian Titration Approach Study (ITAS) compared the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla‐300) initiation and titration using patient‐ (nurse‐supported) or physician‐management in insulin‐naïve patients with uncontrolled T2DM.Materials and methodsITAS was a multicentre, phase IV, 24‐week, open‐label, randomized (1:1), parallel‐group study. Insulin‐naïve adults with T2DM for ≥1 year with poor metabolic control initiated Gla‐300 after discontinuation of SU/glinides, and were randomized to self‐titrate insulin dose (nurse‐assisted) or have it done by the physician. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c. Secondary outcomes included hypoglycaemia incidence and rate, change in fasting self‐monitored plasma glucose, patient‐reported outcomes (PROs), and adverse events.ResultsThree hundred and fifty five participants were included in the intention‐to‐treat population. At Week 24, HbA1c reduction from baseline was non‐inferior in patient‐ vs physician‐managed arms [least squares mean (LSM) change (SE): −1.60% (0.06) vs −1.49% (0.06), respectively; LSM difference: −0.11% (95% CI: −0.26 to 0.04)]. The incidence and rates of hypoglycaemia were similarly low in both arms: relative risk of confirmed and/or severe nocturnal (00:00‐05:59 hours) hypoglycaemia was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.27 to 2.18). No differences were observed for improvement in PROs. No safety concerns were reported.ConclusionsIn the T2DM insulin‐naïve, SU/glinides discontinued population, patient‐managed (nurse‐assisted) titration of Gla‐300 may be a suitable option as it provides improved glycaemic control with low risk of hypoglycaemia, similar to physician‐managed titration.
Hydrochorous seed dispersal in riparian forests altered by urbanization
Authors: von Behren Christa , Yeakley J. Alan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile riparian habitat alterations from urban stream syndrome are known to affect vegetation establishment and survival, the degree to which riparian seed delivery by hydrochory is affected by urbanization is unclear. We hypothesized that (1) there would be a reduction in the overall number of seeds deposited by streams as watershed urbanization increased; and (2) in the most urbanized watersheds, seeds deposited by water would be predominantly from species with traits favoring dispersal in general, including tall stature and high seed production, and favoring deposition by water in particular, including large seed size and the presence of a dispersal appendage. Nine riparian forests, selected using a stratified random approach, were studied along a gradient of watershed impervious surface area (1–41%) in the Portland, Oregon, USA, metropolitan region. Seeds deposited by water were collected using turf traps four times over a 15‐month period that spanned both wet and dry seasonal conditions. Along the urbanization gradient of increasing total impervious area, there was a significant decrease in the total number of seeds deposited by hydrochory (adjusted R2 = 0.74; P < 0.01). Deposition of seeds from shade‐tolerant and native taxa by water decreased as surrounding urbanization increased (adjusted R2 = 0.57; P < 0.05). Deposition of non‐native seeds increased as urban development within 500 m from the riparian area increased (adjusted R2 = 0.79, P < 0.01). The findings demonstrate that seed dispersal patterns in riparian areas are altered by urbanization. During higher rainfall seasons, flashy hydrology and stream bank scour appear to alter seed delivery in highly urban watersheds. While the urban stream syndrome contributes to altered dispersal, other urbanization pressures that affect source populations, such as vegetation removal, also limit seed delivery to riparian sites. Overall, our results suggest that urbanization can limit the regeneration processes that maintain vegetation communities in riparian forests.
Partial migration in a subtropical wading bird in the southeastern United States
Authors: Picardi Simona , Frederick Peter C. , Borkhataria Rena R. , Basille Mathieu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe function of migration is to allow exploitation of resources whose availability is heterogeneous in space and time. Much effort has been historically directed to studying migration as a response to seasonal, predictable fluctuations in resource availability in temperate species. A deeper understanding of how different migration patterns emerge in response to different patterns of resource variation requires describing migration patterns of species inhabiting less predictable environments, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. We provide the first individual‐based, quantitative description of migratory patterns in a subtropical wading bird in the southeastern United States, the wood stork (Mycteria americana). UsingGPStracking data for 64 individuals tracked between 2004 and 2017, we classified migratory behavior at the individual‐year level using information theory‐based model selection on nonlinear models of net squared displacement. We found that the wood stork population is partially migratory, with 59% of individuals seasonally commuting between winter ranges in Florida and summer ranges elsewhere in the population range (migrants), and 28% remaining in a single area in Florida year‐round (residents). Additionally, 13% of storks act as facultative migrants, migrating in some years but not in others. Comparing the distribution of residents and migrants suggests that different migratory strategies might be associated with the use of different or differently distributed resources, possibly including food supplementation from human activities. The existence of facultative migrants shows the potential for plastic change in migratory patterns. Partial migration in wood storks may be an adaptation to high heterogeneity and unpredictability of food resources. We suggest that future research should focus on wading birds as model species for the study of partial migration as an adaptation to heterogeneous and unpredictable environments.
Frequently burned loblolly–shortleaf pine forest in the southeastern United States lacks the stability of longleaf pine forest
Authors: Matusick George , Hudson Stephen J. , Garrett Caleb Z. , Samuelson Lisa J. , Kent James D. , Addington Robert N. , Parker James M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, conservation objectives have driven changes to the management of some pine forests in the southeastern United States. Forest thinning and frequent burning of old‐field and plantation pine forests have resulted in an open loblolly–shortleaf pine forest community which resembles the original longleaf pine forest. It is, however, unclear how the structure, composition, and function of the loblolly–shortleaf forest compare to natural longleaf pine forest, and whether it represents an alternative stable state, or simply a transitional state. Understanding the stability of open loblolly–shortleaf pine forest is critical, particularly because several threatened and endangered species are now reliant on it for habitat. The structure and composition of loblolly–shortleaf forest and natural longleaf pine forest were compared using data from permanent forest plots at Fort Benning, Georgia, USA. To assess the stability of the loblolly–shortleaf pine forest and determine whether it is an alternative stable or transitional state, the LANDIS‐II forest landscape simulation model was used to simulate changes in forest type cover under no disturbance, and a frequent‐fire regime at Fort Benning. Under both management scenarios, nearly all loblolly–shortleaf pine forest converted to mixed hardwood forest over the course of the simulation, with most conversion occurring within 60 yr. In contrast, longleaf pine forest cover increased under frequent fire. Several important structural and compositional differences may have contributed to the instability of loblolly–shortleaf pine forest compared to longleaf pine forest. These include, among other factors, higher densities of resprouting hardwood trees and shrubs in loblolly–shortleaf pine forest, including sweetgum, a resilient broadleaf species capable of transforming ecosystem structure. These results highlight the instability of the open loblolly–shortleaf pine forest community and confirm that is a transitional state, destined for mixed hardwood forest in the coming decades under either no disturbance or frequent fire alone. Future forest planning should consider an active transition from the loblolly–shortleaf pine forest in the coming decades if open pine forest is to be conserved for wildlife and conservation objectives.
The roles of race, sex and cognitions in response to experimental pain
Authors: Day Melissa A. , Ward L. Charles , Grover Michelle P. , Ehde Dawn M. , Illingworth Oliver R. , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study reports a multivariate test of sex and race differences in experimental pain, and the degree to which these differences could be uniquely attributable to three levels of cognition: primary appraisals (threat, challenge), secondary appraisals (pain catastrophizing) and/or cognitive processes (mindful observing, non‐reactivity). Both the predictive and mediator role of the cognitive variables was of interest.MethodsThe study employed a cross‐sectional experimental design, with the cold pressor task employed as the pain stimulus. The total sample included N = 355 healthy adults (67% female, 33% male; 70% Caucasian, 30% Asian).ResultsSignificant sex and race differences on pain tolerance were found, with females and racial minorities reporting less pain tolerance (ps < 0.001). Males reported significantly higher challenge appraisals and non‐reactivity, and lower pain catastrophizing than females; Asians reported significantly higher threat appraisals and pain catastrophizing than Caucasians. In multivariate analyses, challenge appraisals and non‐reactivity emerged as the strongest predictors of pain tolerance. Furthermore, challenge appraisals mediated the sex‐pain tolerance association (p = .017).ConclusionsThis study showed that race and sex differences, at least in part, may be accounted for by differences in pain‐related cognitions.SignificanceThe three levels of cognition investigated in this research represent changeable, important processes for potentially mitigating the impact of pain in vulnerable groups.
Modeling and control of dynamic battery storage system used in hybrid grid
Authors: Sarita Kumari , Devarapalli Ramesh , Rai Pankaj 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn renewable energy‐based grids, the most challenging tasks are to achieve uninterrupted, reliable, and continuous power supply from these grids. From literature, the problems in these grids and their associated solutions are (a) discrepancy between generation and demand: this is resolved by hybrid solar‐wind battery storage system (BSS), (b) requirement of improved efficiency and reliability: this is achieved by the use of state‐of‐the‐art controllers and innovative switching systems, (c) analysis of dynamic systems, optimization, and control: for these, mathematical modeling of systems is prepared, which is a tough task as solar, wind, and battery system contain nonlinear parameters. This article focuses on modeling and simulation of the wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV) arrays, and dynamic BSS. Moreover, control of variable speed wind turbines with pitch angle control, output power improvement of PV systems, and State‐of‐Charge (SoC) estimation of BSS with its characteristics parameters, temperature effects are analyzed in this work. The dynamic controller is provided which controls the charging/discharging of battery with the change in load, the power output of wind and solar system and makes the system reliable and efficient. In the result section, comparison of battery voltage and SoC is made by considering and neglecting the temperature effect.