bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognizing patterns of student’s modeling behaviour patterns via process mining
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Tong , Geng Congkai , Wang Yihan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEvaluating student learning effect plays an essential role in education, which is typically done by assessing student’s final deliverables. However, the student’s learning process has not been properly explored in the past.In this paper, we propose an interactive student learning effect evaluation framework which focuses on in-process learning effect evaluation. In particular, our proposal analyzes students modeling assignment based on their operation records by using techniques of frequent sequential pattern mining, user behavior analysis, feature engineering, and process mining. A comprehensive online modeling platform has been developed to enable data collection. We have carried out a case study, in which we applied our approach to a real teaching scenario, consisting of student online modeling behavior data collected from 24 students majoring in computer science. We also associate our process mining results with the numeric evaluation values. The preliminary result of case analysis has shown good potential to mine student modeling patterns and interpret their behaviors, contributing to student learning effect evaluation.
Antioxidants as stabilizers of UV filters: an example for the UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate
Authors: Lorigo Margarida , Cairrao Elisa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Sunlight is one of the main harmful exogenous factors that induce the reactive oxygen species formation. The human skin is the first line of photoprotection against harmful exogenous factors, such as UV radiations. The topical application of sunscreens, containing UV-B filters, is widely used to protect against UV-induced damage. Octylmethoxycinnamate is the world’s most widely used UV-B filter in sunscreens. However, recent studies have demonstrated that this substance is an endocrine disruptor compound and with potential to damage DNA. Thus, the safety of this organic filter is a current concern for human health, and it was urgent to develop new photoprotective strategies. In this sense, due to the potential to neutralize the UV-induced free radicals, the use of antioxidants as UV filter stabilizers presented as a novel promising strategy.

Research
The purpose of this review was to assess the use of antioxidants as stabilizers for UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate. For this, we discuss the chemical and physical characteristics of UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate, emphasizing the stability, photostability, and reactivity of this UV filter. The use of antioxidants in sunscreens will also be addressed, from a perspective of the main characteristics that allowed their use in sunscreen formulations. Then, the concomitant use of both was described from a historical and physical chemical perspective, always emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages of this association.

Conclusions
The combination of antioxidants with UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate in appropriated formulations represents a viable strategy to protect the human skin against UV-induced damage.
Cleaning ability of rotary NiTi systems with different kinematics
Authors: Ismail Amira Galal , Nagy Mohamed Mokhtar , Galal Manar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to compare the cleaning ability of rotary NiTi systems with different kinematics: ProTaper Next (PTN) (continuous rotation motion), WaveOne Gold (WOG) (reciprocating motion), and Twisted File Adaptive (TFA) (adaptive motion).

Methodology
Sixty mesiobuccal roots from extracted mandibular molars were divided into three groups (n = 20): PTN, prepared by ProTaper Next; WOG, prepared by WaveOne Gold system; and TFA, prepared by Twisted File Adaptive systems. Teeth were longitudinally split into two halves for evaluation by scanning electron microscope. Images were analysed for debris and smear layer scores using the scoring system described by Hülsmann et al. (J Endod 23:301–6, 1997).

Results
No significant difference was found between the three groups in the coronal one third (P = 0.071). However, the TFA group recorded a significantly higher percentage of debris in the middle and apical thirds (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively)

Conclusions
Under the conditions of this study, adaptive motion produced more debris than the reciprocating and the continuous rotating motions.
Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Groningen Frailty Indicator among Lebanese elderly people
Authors: Khamis Rania , Sabbah Hala , Sabbah Sanaa , Peters Lilian , Droubi Nabil , Sabbah Ibtissam 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The levels of frailty are anticipated to increase as a result of population aging. A valid instrument is required to detect individuals at high risk of frailty. The present research aimed to assess feasibility, reliability, and construct validity of the Arabic version of Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) in urban and rural populations in South Lebanon.

Methods
During 2015, a cross-sectional study, which enrolled 390 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years and above, was conducted in urban and rural areas in Nabatieh in South Lebanon. The survey included questions on sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, GFI, and Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13). The translation and cultural adaptation of the GFI followed a standardized protocol. After that, the psychometric properties of the scale (i.e., feasibility, reliability, and validity) were evaluated.

Results
A total of 390 elderly filled out the questionnaire, of whom 51% were women and 70% lived in rural areas. 81.3% of elderly were identified as frail. The internal consistency of the GFI scale was high for all subscales (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.70), except the social scale (0.56). The GFI yielded statistically significant scores for subgroup analysis (known-groups validity) as higher levels of frailty were seen in older people, women, those with morbidities, and those reported poor financial status. The construct validity of the scale was supported by the significant correlation with the VES-13 (r = 0.73; p = 0.001), quality of life (r = − 0.22; p = 0.001), and self-reported health status (r = − 0.66; p = 0.001).

Conclusion
This study supports the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the GFI Arabic version as a screening tool for frailty among community-dwelling elderly in South Lebanon.
An update on the maize zein-gene family in the post-genomics era
Authors: Khan Nasr Ullah , Sheteiwy Mohamed , Lihua Ning , Khan Muhammad Mohib Ullah , Han Zhao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMaize (Zea mays) is a cereal crop of global food importance. However, the deficiency of essential amino acids, more importantly lysine, methionine and tryptophan, in the major seed storage zein proteins makes corn nutritionally of low value for human consumption. The idea of improving maize nutritional value prompted the search for maize natural mutants harboring low zein contents and higher amount of lysine. These studies resulted in the identification of more than dozens of maize opaque mutants in the previous few decades,o2mutant being the most extensively studied one. However, the high lysine contents but soft kernel texture and chalky endosperm halted the widespread application and commercial success of maize opaque mutants, which ultimately paved the way for the development of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) by modifying the soft endosperm ofo2 mutant into lysine-rich hard endosperm. The previous few decades have witnessed a marked progress in maize zein research. It includes elucidation of molecular mechanism underlying the role of different zein genes in seed endosperm development by cloning different components of zein family, exploring the general organization, function and evolution of zein family members within maize species and among other cereals, and elucidating the cis- and trans-regulatory elements modulating the regulation of different molecular players of maize seed endosperm development. The current advances in high quality reference genomes of maize lines B73 and Mo17 plus the completion of ongoing pan genome sequencing projects of more maize lines with NGS technologies are expected to revolutionize maize zein gene research in near future. This review highlights the recent advances in QPM development and its practical application in the post genomic era, genomic and physical composition and evolution of zein family, and expression, regulation and downstream role of zein genes in endosperm development. Moreover, recent genomic tools and methods developed for functional validation of maize zein genes are also discussed.Graphical abstract
Significant Quality of Life Improvement Observed in a Patient With FCS Associated With a Marked Reduction in Triglycerides
Authors: Gouni-Berthold Ioanna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by severely high triglycerides (TGs). It is associated with a marked increase in risk of recurrent, potentially fatal acute pancreatitis (AP), and symptoms including abdominal pain, fatigue, and anxiety that may substantially reduce quality of life (QoL). A 46-year-old woman with FCS and severely high TGs initially presented with necrotizing pancreatitis with pseudocysts, having previously experienced recurrent AP. The patient reported constant abdominal pain and fatigue, which were evident in her demeanor. Initial management included maximum doses of omega-3 fatty acids and fibrates, plus an extremely restricted diet (reduced intake: calories, fats, simple sugars; no alcohol). Despite adherence to all management strategies, TGs remained at approximately 2800 mg/dL (31.6 mmol/L) and symptoms persisted. The patient was enrolled in COMPASS, a phase 3, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of an investigational drug, volanesorsen, on fasting TGs in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (fasting TGs ≥ 500 mg/dL [≥5.7 mmol/L]). The woman, a confirmed FCS patient, continued into the open-label extension study, during which fasting TGs decreased to 146 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) following 4 months of treatment. The restrictive diet was maintained throughout treatment and no serious adverse events were reported. Along with sustained TG reduction, the patient experienced progressive, perceived improvements in observable QoL measures and a marked reduction in symptom severity and frequency. In a patient with FCS, reduction in TGs following volanesorsen therapy appeared to be associated with marked improvement in clinical symptoms and observed QoL.
Revised Publication Policies by Higher Education Commission for Health Science Journals
Authors: Jawaid Shaukat Ali , Jawaid Masood 
Published: December 2019

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.2133
How to cite this:Jawaid SA, Jawaid M. Revised Publication Policies by Higher Education Commission for Health Science Journals. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):1-3. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.2133
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A novel initiative to improve access to medicines for control of non-communicable diseases in low-and middle- income countries
Authors: Mobula Linda M. , Sarfo Stephen , Arthur Lynda , Burnham Gilbert , Ansong Daniel , Plange-Rhule Jacob , Ofori-Adjei David 
Published: December 2019

The global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is growing, and access to prevention and treatment strategies remain limited, especially for those in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Novel approaches are needed to improve access and affordability of medicines that can treat NCDs in LMICs. The Access and Affordability Initiative (AAI) is a public private partnership aiming to improve access to and availability of essential medicines for the treatment of NCDs and strengthening of health systems. Through this novel initiative a prospective cohort of patients with hypertension and diabetes were followed in Ghana and the Philippines to examine the effect of differential pricing on access to treatment of hypertension and diabetes. An integrated approach including differential pricing, health systems strengthening, improved supply chain management and greater affordability can improve access to medicines for NCDs. While differential pricing has several advantages for improving the affordability of NCD medicines in LMICs, it can’t overcome all barriers as a standalone approach. An integrated approach to health systems strengthening, supply chain management and affordability are needed to overcome key challenges in getting medicines for NCD to patients in LMICs. Availability and affordability of medicines to treat NCDs among vulnerable patients will help achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
Do owners administer inappropriate doses of anthelmintic based on an inaccurate perception of their horse's bodyweight?
Authors: Middlecote Lucy , Brown Heike 
Published: December 2019

Background: Inaccurate dosing and repeated administration of anthelmintic from the same drug class are indicated as factors associated with equine helminth resistance; and resistance is specifically related to the under-dosing of anthelmintic products. Research indicates that many owners may still rely on visual estimation to determine a horse's bodyweight. Aim: The pilot study aimed to investigate whether owners administer inappropriate doses of anthelmintic based on an inaccurate perception of their horse's bodyweight. Method: Data were collected from 16 horse owners with varying experience and from a variety of equine disciplines. A series of questions were presented in order to capture specific information. Owners were asked to provide the dose of anthelmintic (kg) that they had most recently administered to their horse, to estimate the bodyweight of their horse, and to provide a body condition score (BCS) for their horse using the guide provided. Each horse was then weighed on an equine weighbridge to obtain an accurate bodyweight. The estimated bodyweight was compared with that of the accurate bodyweight, and the most recently administered dose of anthelmintic was compared with both the estimated bodyweight and the accurate bodyweight. The BCS provided by each owner was compared with that of the BCS provided by the researcher. Data were tested for normal distribution using a Shapiro-Wilks test, and analysed using an independent-samples t-test or a paired-samples t-test. Results: All of the owners inaccurately estimated the bodyweight of their horse, however there was no statistically significant difference between the estimated bodyweight and the accurate bodyweight (p=0.738). Owners with less experience more accurately estimated the bodyweight of their horse when compared with owners with more experience, but there was no statistically significant difference in accuracy between the two groups (p=0.085). There was no statistically significant difference between the accurate bodyweight and the dose of anthelmintic that owners had administered to their horse (p=0.074), but there was a statistically significant difference between the estimated bodyweight and the dose of anthelmintic that owners had administered to their horse (p=0.034). Conclusion: Horse owners administer inappropriate doses of equine anthelmintic based on an inaccurate perception of their horse's bodyweight, however the horse's estimated bodyweight does not appear to be the only influencing factor when deciding on the dose of anthelmintic to be administered.
Il federalismo fiscale: un falso rimedio nel caso italiano
Authors: Fausto Domenicantonio 
Published: December 2019

From a purely theoretical viewpoint it can be pointed out the lack of strong arguments in favor of decentralization.
In Italy, the current pressures toward the so-called «fiscal federalism» are facing the existing considerable discrepancies among the various areas of the country between the ability to spend and financial resources.
The attempt to equalise the regional incomes would require huge transfers from four Northern regions only to all the others.
Such a perspective looks very irrealistic. According to the Author, decentralization entails a more marked economic discrepancy among areas whose economic conditions present huge gaps.
Thus, fiscal federalism appears as an inadequate remedy to the Italian problems.
A Second Triangle Loss in Rent Seeking
Authors: Baba Stephen Anthony 
Published: December 2019

Vi è un’ampia letteratura sui costi sociali dovuti ad attività non direttamente produttive (rent-seeking) e che, distolte dall’utilizzo appropriato, riducono il benessere della collettività. Accanto ad essa, il presente scritto evidenzia un costo sociale connesso al fatto che il lavoro e le altre risorse saranno utilizzati in modo inefficiente nell’ambito di attività che purtuttavia sono produttive.
L’argomento principale è che, oltre le risorse indicate da Tullock come utilizzate del tutto improduttivamente, anche quelle impiegate in attività produttive lo saranno in modo inefficiente, quando vi siano altre opportunità di uso più produttivo che, a motivo delle regole vigenti, non è conveniente utilizzare.
Enhanced quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a silicon-organic hybrid microring resonator
Authors: Sadeghi Mehdi , Janjan Babak 
Published: December 2019

An enhanced second-harmonic generation process in a dually resonant silicon-organic hybrid microring resonator is presented. The necessary phase matching is fulfilled through quasi-phase matching by periodically altering the spatial distribution of the second-order nonlinearity

χ

(
2
)

of polymer infiltrated into a slot layer along the microring resonator propagation length. Absolute conversion efficiency up to

P

2
ω

/

P
ω

=

38

%

with only 10 mW pump power at

λ
=
3.1

µ

m

is obtained in an optimized structure, which shows a

∼

76

-fold improvement compared to that of the straight waveguide. Also, our efficiency is comparable to that of previous works, even with the much lower pump power. We expect that our device will provide a potential application for bridging the mid-infrared and near-infrared bands on silicon photonics platforms.
Währungsabsicherung bei Immobilienaktien außerhalb des Euroraums
Authors: Memis Halil I. , Sebastian Steffen 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungWährungsschwankungen sind ein zusätzliches Risiko für Immobilieninvestitionen außerhalb des Europäischen Währungsraums. Grund hierfür ist, dass die Risiken aus Fremdwährungsanlagen in der Regel nicht durch den Markt entschädigt werden. Das macht ausländische Immobilienanlagen grundsätzlich weniger attraktiv. Die gewünschten Diversifikationseffekte globaler Immobilienanlagen können in diesem Fall durch Wechselkursrisiken überlagert und können infolgedessen zu verzerrten Entscheidungen hinsichtlich der Vermögensallokation führen. Der vorliegende Beitrag hat zum Ziel, die Abhängigkeit der Diversifikationseffekte von Immobilienanlagen durch die Absicherung des Fremdwährungsrisikos für den europäischen Investor aufzuzeigen. In Einklang mit den Erkenntnissen der empirischen Forschung reduziert die Berücksichtigung von Terminkontrakten das systematische Fremdwährungsrisiko. Das Ergebnis des Spanning-Tests deutet aus Euro-Sicht auf starke Diversifikationseffekte für internationale Immobilienanlagen durch die Einführung von Terminkontrakten hin. Zusammengefasst sind die Diversifikationseffekte von Immobilienanlagen maßgeblich davon abhängig, ob das Fremdwährungsrisiko abgesichert wird oder nicht.
International and African media’s representation of African Debt to China: From stereotype to solution with constructive journalism
Authors: Yanqiu Zhang , Machila Luu Mwiinga 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Constructive journalism justifies its existence by an orientation towards solutions to vexing social issues. The central idea of this article is to discuss why constructive journalism could be an important approach for African journalistic practice. The research analyses African and international media reports on the China–Africa debt issue as a case study. It also discusses how the debt issue is depicted in online articles and reports from a content illustration of western, African and Chinese online media pools. Arguably so, there is a strong assumption that western and African media share more similarities than differences in representing Africa’s debt to China compared to their Chinese counterparts investigated in the study. In the framework of finding solutions and offering alternative journalistic perspectives, the study brings to light the fact that constructive journalism approaches, if applied by African media, have the potential to positively and objectively contribute to communication about the African debt with an inclination to solution-based applications. The study closes by a call to action for African media to be more responsible for their own image and to work towards a more balanced and focused coverage of not only the debt issue but other matters of international interest currently trending on the continent.
Roles of Infection Prevention and Control Nurses (IPCNs) in Preparing for Emerging Infectious Diseases
Authors: Fitriyah Erna Tsalatsatul , Dwidiyanti Meidiana , Dwiantoro Luky 
Published: December 2019

Background: Infectious diseases have become one of the world’s serious problems including in Indonesia. Infectious diseases can originate from the community and hospital environment. Health workers performing inappropriate medical procedures could also be a cause of transmission of infectious diseases. Infection prevention and control nurses (IPCNs) as the pioneers of prevention and infection control in hospitals have not optimally played their roles. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the roles of IPCNs and their constraints in preparing for emerging infectious diseases. Methods: The present study employed a qualitative design with the hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The samples were seven IPCNs for the primary participants, and two Infection Prevention and Control Officers (IPCOs) and 13 Infection Prevention and Control Link Nurses (IPCLNs) as the triangulation participants. The data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews analyzed using a content analysis technique. Results: The results identified two themes: (1) IPCNs played roles as clinical practitioners, activity coordinators, administrators, and educators, and (2) the roles of IPCNs had not been optimal due to the lack of support from the hospital management, insufficient infrastructure, weak monitoring and evaluation, and the unavailability of appropriate rewards and punishment.Conclusion: The majority of participants in this study agreed that IPCNs had tried well to play their roles. However, various obstacles were encountered, which hindered the IPCNs in performing their roles.