bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporaneous Observations of Jovian Energetic Auroral Electrons and Ultraviolet Emissions by the Juno Spacecraft
Authors: Gérard J.‐C. , Bonfond B. , Mauk B. H. , Gladstone G. R. , Yao Z. H. , Greathouse T. K. , Hue V. , Grodent D. , Gkouvelis L. , Kammer J. A. , Versteeg M. , Clark G. , Radioti A. , Connerney J. E. P. , Bolton S. J. , Levin S. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present comparisons of precipitating electron flux and auroral brightness measurements made during several Juno transits over Jupiter's auroral regions in both hemispheres. We extract from the ultraviolet spectrograph (UVS) spectral imager H2 emission intensities at locations magnetically conjugate to the spacecraft using the JRM09 model. We use UVS images as close in time as possible to the electron measurements by the Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument (JEDI) instrument. The upward electron flux generally exceeds the downward component and shows a broadband energy distribution. Auroral intensity is related to total precipitated electron flux and compared with the energy‐integrated JEDI flux inside the loss cone. The far ultraviolet color ratio along the spacecraft footprint maps variations of the mean energy of the auroral electron precipitation. A wide diversity of situations has been observed. The intensity of the diffuse emission equatorward of the main oval is generally in fair agreement with the JEDI downward energy flux. The intensity of the ME matches exceeds or remains below the value expected from the JEDI electron energy flux. The polar emission may be more than an order of magnitude brighter than associated with the JEDI electron flux in association with high values of the color ratio. We tentatively explain these observations by the location of the electron energization region relative to Juno's orbit as it transits the auroral region. Current models predict that the extent and the altitude of electron acceleration along the magnetic field lines are consistent with this assumption.
Evaluation of FESOM2.0 Coupled to ECHAM6.3: Preindustrial and HighResMIP Simulations
Authors: Sidorenko D. , Goessling H.F. , Koldunov N.V. , Scholz P. , Danilov S. , Barbi D. , Cabos W. , Gurses O. , Harig S. , Hinrichs C. , Juricke S. , Lohmann G. , Losch M. , Mu L. , Rackow T. , Rakowsky N. , Sein D. , Semmler T. , Shi X. , Stepanek C. , Streffing J. , Wang Q. , Wekerle C. , Yang H. , Jung T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new global climate model setup using FESOM2.0 for the sea ice‐ocean component and ECHAM6.3 for the atmosphere and land surface has been developed. Replacing FESOM1.4 by FESOM2.0 promises a higher efficiency of the new climate setup compared to its predecessor. The new setup allows for long‐term climate integrations using a locally eddy‐resolving ocean. Here it is evaluated in terms of (1) the mean state and long‐term drift under preindustrial climate conditions, (2) the fidelity in simulating the historical warming, and (3) differences between coarse and eddy‐resolving ocean configurations. The results show that the realism of the new climate setup is overall within the range of existing models. In terms of oceanic temperatures, the historical warming signal is of smaller amplitude than the model drift in case of a relatively short spin‐up. However, it is argued that the strategy of “de‐drifting” climate runs after the short spin‐up, proposed by the HighResMIP protocol, allows one to isolate the warming signal. Moreover, the eddy‐permitting/resolving ocean setup shows notable improvements regarding the simulation of oceanic surface temperatures, in particular in the Southern Ocean.
Seasonal Hydropower Planning for Data‐Scarce Regions Using Multimodel Ensemble Forecasts, Remote Sensing Data, and Stochastic Programming
Authors: Koppa Akash , Gebremichael Mekonnen , Zambon Renato C. , Yeh William W.‐G. , Hopson Thomas M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn data‐scarce regions, seasonal hydropower planning is hindered by the unavailability of reliable long‐term streamflow observations, which are required for the construction of inflow scenario trees. In this study, we develop a methodological framework to overcome the problem of streamflow data scarcity by combining precipitation forecasts from ensemble numerical weather prediction models, spatially distributed hydrologic models, and stochastic programming. We use evapotranspiration as a proxy for streamflow in generating reliable reservoir inflow forecasts. Using the framework, we compare three different formulations of inflow scenario structures and their applicability to data‐scarce regions: (1) a single deterministic forecast, (2) a scenario fan with the first stage deterministic, and (3) a scenario fan with all stages stochastic. We apply the framework to a cascade of two reservoirs in the Omo‐Gibe River basin in Ethiopia. Future reservoir inflows are generated using a 3‐model 30‐member ensemble seasonal precipitation forecast from the North American Multimodel Ensemble and the Noah‐MP hydrologic model. We then perform deterministic and stochastic optimization for hydropower operation and planning. Comparing the results from the three different inflow scenario structures, we observe that the uncertainty in reservoir inflows is significant only for the dry stages of the planning horizon. In addition, we find that the impact of model parameter uncertainty on hydropower production is significant (0.14–0.18×106 MWh).
Exploration of surgical blood pressure management and expected motor recovery in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Ehsanian Reza , Haefeli Jenny , Quach Nhung , Kosarchuk Jacob , Torres Dolores , Stuck Ellen D. , Endo Jessica , Crew James D. , Dirlikov Benjamin , Bresnahan Jacqueline C. , Beattie Michael S. , Ferguson Adam R. , McKenna Stephen L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Study design
Retrospective analysis.

Objective
To assess the impact of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) during surgical intervention for spinal cord injury (SCI) on motor recovery.

Setting
Level-one Trauma Hospital and Acute Rehabilitation Hospital in San Jose, CA, USA.

Methods
Twenty-five individuals with traumatic SCI who received surgical and acute rehabilitation care at a level-one trauma center were included in this study. The Surgical Information System captured intraoperative MAPs on a minute-by-minute basis and exposure was quantified at sequential thresholds from 50 to 104 mmHg. Change in International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) motor score was calculated based on physiatry evaluations at the earliest postoperative time and at discharge from acute rehabilitation. Linear regression models were used to estimate the rate of recovery across the entire MAP range.

Results
An exploratory analysis revealed that increased time within an intraoperative MAP range (70–94 mmHg) was associated with ISNCSCI motor score improvement. A significant regression equation was found for the MAP range 70–94 mmHg (F[1, 23] = 4.65, r2 = 0.168, p = 0.042). ISNCSCI motor scores increased 0.036 for each minute of exposure to the MAP range 70–94 mmHg during the operative procedure; this represents a significant correlation between intraoperative time with MAP 70–94 and subsequent motor recovery. Blood pressure exposures above or below this range did not display a positive association with motor recovery.

Conclusions
Hypertension as well as hypotension during surgery may impact the trajectory of recovery in individuals with SCI, and there may be a direct relationship between intraoperative MAP and motor recovery.
Oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour of dental students in a private university
Authors: Al-wesabi Azhar Abdulrahman , Abdelgawad Fatma , Sasahara Hisako , El Motayam Kamal 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction
The positive attitude and behaviour of dental students can be improved during their undergraduate studies and is considered an essential factor in promoting the oral self-care habits of their patients and society in general.

Aim
This study was conducted to evaluate the oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviours among undergraduate dental students at a private university, based on the year of undergraduate studies.

Material and methods
A self-administered questionnaire based on the Hiroshima University-Dental Behavioural Inventory was distributed among 783 undergraduate dental students from 1st to 5th year. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. The Mann–Whitney U test and one-way ANOVA tests (Kruskal–Wallis test) were used.

Results
The scores of oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour between preclinical and clinical dental students were found to have statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). The variation of knowledge, attitude and behaviour scores from 1st to 5th year undergraduate studies was shown to be statistically significant with the year of study (P < 0.001). The study showed significant improvement in the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of the final year dental students as compared with the 1st year dental students.

Conclusion
Preclinical students need properly designed oral health educational programs to increase their attitude and behaviour toward oral health.
Exploring specific prognostic biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Bao Chang , Lu Yunkun , Chen Jishun , Chen Danni , Lou Weiyang , Ding Bisha , Xu Liang , Fan Weimin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLacking of both prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) underscores pivotal needs to uncover novel biomarkers and viable therapies. MicroRNAs have broad biological functions in cancers and may serve as ideal biomarkers. In this study, by data mining of the Cancer Genome Atlas database, we screened out 4 differentially-expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) between TNBC and normal samples: miR-135b-5p, miR-9-3p, miR-135b-3p and miR-455-5p. They were specially correlated with the prognosis of TNBC but not non-TNBC. The weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) for potential target genes of 3 good prognosis-related DEmiRNAs (miR-135b-5p, miR-9-3p, miR-135b-3p) identified 4 hub genes with highly positive correlation with TNBC subtype: FOXC1, BCL11A, FAM171A1 and RGMA. The targeting relationships between miR-9-3p and FOXC1/FAM171A1, miR-135b-3p and RGMA were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Importantly, the regulatory functions of 4 DEmiRNAs and 3 verified target genes on cell proliferation and migration were explored in TNBC cell lines. In conclusion, we shed lights on these 4 DEmiRNAs (miR-135b-5p, miR-9-3p, miR-135b-3p, miR-455-5p) and 3 hub genes (FOXC1, FAM171A1, RGMA) as specific prognostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for TNBC.
Macrophages reprogrammed by lung cancer microparticles promote tumor development via release of IL-1β
Authors: Chen Jie , Sun Weiwei , Zhang Huafeng , Ma Jingwei , Xu Pingwei , Yu Yuandong , Fang Haiqing , Zhou Li , Lv Jiadi , Xie Jing , Liu Yuying , Tang Ke , Huang Bo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite their mutual antagonism, inflammation and immunosuppression coexist in tumor microenvironments due to tumor and immune cell interactions, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Previously, we showed that tumor cell-derived microparticles induce an M2 phenotype characterized by immunosuppression in tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Here, we further showed that lung cancer microparticles (L-MPs) induce macrophages to release a key proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, thus promoting lung cancer development. The underlying mechanism involves the activation of TLR3 and the NLRP3 inflammasome by L-MPs. More importantly, tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment-induced L-MPs also induce human macrophages to release IL-1β, leading to a tumor-promoting effect in a humanized mouse model. These findings demonstrated that in addition to their anti-inflammatory effect, L-MPs induce a proinflammatory phenotype in tumor-infiltrating macrophages, promoting the development of inflammatory and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments.
Generation of concentric perfect Poincaré beams
Authors: Gu Zhongzheng , Yin Da , Gu Fengyan , Zhang Yanran , Nie Shouping , Feng Shaotong , Ma Jun , Yuan Caojin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe theoretically propose and experimentally verify a method to generate new polycyclic beams, namely concentric perfect Poincaré beams (CPPBs), by using an encoded annular phase mask. The proposed beams consisting of multiple polarization structured fields can be simultaneously generated in one concentric mode, which are respectively mapped by fundamental Poincaré sphere (PS), high-order Poincaré sphere (HOPS), and hybrid-order Poincaré sphere (HyPS). Moreover, the ring radius, numbers and polarization orders of the CPPBs at arbitrary positions on arbitrary PS are independently controlled. This work enriches the mode distributions of perfect vortex and introduces a new polarization degree of freedom, which has the potential to implement more information beyond the orbital angular momentum multiplexing in optical communication.
Computational Analysis of Insulin-Glucagon Signalling Network: Implications of Bistability to Metabolic Homeostasis and Disease states
Authors: Somvanshi Pramod R. , Tomar Manu , Kareenhalli Venkatesh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInsulin and glucagon control plasma macronutrient homeostasis through their signalling network composed of multiple feedback and crosstalk interactions. To understand how these interactions contribute to metabolic homeostasis and disease states, we analysed the steady state response of metabolic regulation (catabolic or anabolic) with respect to structural and input perturbations in the integrated signalling network, for varying levels of plasma glucose. Structural perturbations revealed: the positive feedback of AKT on IRS is responsible for the bistability in anabolic zone (glucose >5.5 mmol); the positive feedback of calcium on cAMP is responsible for ensuring ultrasensitive response in catabolic zone (glucose <4.5 mmol); the crosstalk between AKT and PDE3 is responsible for efficient catabolic response under low glucose condition; the crosstalk between DAG and PKC regulates the span of anabolic bistable region with respect to plasma glucose levels. The macronutrient perturbations revealed: varying plasma amino acids and fatty acids from normal to high levels gradually shifted the bistable response towards higher glucose range, eventually making the response catabolic or unresponsive to increasing glucose levels. The analysis reveals that certain macronutrient composition may be more conducive to homeostasis than others. The network perturbations that may contribute to disease states such as diabetes, obesity and cancer are discussed.
Enhanced glacial discharge from the eastern Antarctic Peninsula since the 1700s associated with a positive Southern Annular Mode
Authors: Dickens W. A. , Kuhn G. , Leng M. J. , Graham A. G. C. , Dowdeswell J. A. , Meredith M. P. , Hillenbrand C.-D. , Hodgson D. A. , Roberts S. J. , Sloane H. , Smith J. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet is currently experiencing sustained and accelerating loss of ice. Determining when these changes were initiated and identifying the main drivers is hampered by the short instrumental record (1992 to present). Here we present a 6,250 year record of glacial discharge based on the oxygen isotope composition of diatoms (δ18Odiatom) from a marine core located at the north-eastern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. We find that glacial discharge - sourced primarily from ice shelf and iceberg melting along the eastern Antarctic Peninsula – remained largely stable between ~6,250 to 1,620 cal. yr BP, with a slight increase in variability until ~720 cal. yr. BP. An increasing trend in glacial discharge occurs after 550 cal. yr BP (A.D. 1400), reaching levels unprecedented during the past 6,250 years after 244 cal. yr BP (A.D. 1706). A marked acceleration in the rate of glacial discharge is also observed in the early part of twentieth century (after A.D. 1912). Enhanced glacial discharge, particularly after the 1700s is linked to a positive Southern Annular Mode (SAM). We argue that a positive SAM drove stronger westerly winds, atmospheric warming and surface ablation on the eastern Antarctic Peninsula whilst simultaneously entraining more warm water into the Weddell Gyre, potentially increasing melting on the undersides of ice shelves. A possible implication of our data is that ice shelves in this region have been thinning for at least ~300 years, potentially predisposing them to collapse under intensified anthropogenic warming.
Geochemical Evidence for the Control of Fire by Middle Palaeolithic Hominins
Authors: Brittingham Alex , Hren Michael T. , Hartman Gideon , Wilkinson Keith N. , Mallol Carolina , Gasparyan Boris , Adler Daniel S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe use of fire played an important role in the social and technological development of the genus Homo. Most archaeologists agree that this was a multi-stage process, beginning with the exploitation of natural fires and ending with the ability to create fire from scratch. Some have argued that in the Middle Palaeolithic (MP) hominin fire use was limited by the availability of fire in the landscape. Here, we present a record of the abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organic compounds that are produced during the combustion of organic material, from Lusakert Cave, a MP site in Armenia. We find no correlation between the abundance of light PAHs (3–4 rings), which are a major component of wildfire PAH emissions and are shown to disperse widely during fire events, and heavy PAHs (5–6 rings), which are a major component of particulate emissions of burned wood. Instead, we find heavy PAHs correlate with MP artifact density at the site. Given that hPAH abundance correlates with occupation intensity rather than lPAH abundance, we argue that MP hominins were able to control fire and utilize it regardless of the variability of fires in the environment. Together with other studies on MP fire use, these results suggest that the ability of hominins to manipulate fire independent of exploitation of wildfires was spatially variable in the MP and may have developed multiple times in the genus Homo.
The burden and correlates of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors in a semi-urban population of Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gyawali Bishal , Mishra Shiva Raj , Ghimire Saruna , Hansen Martin Rune Hassan , Shah Kishor Jung , Subedee Koshal Chandra , Soti Pabitra Babu , Neupane Dinesh , Kallestrup Per 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study assessed the burden and correlates of three cardiometabolic risk factors, (hypertension, diabetes, and overweight/obesity), and their possible clustering patterns in a semi-urban population of Nepal. Data were obtained from a community-based management of non-communicable disease in Nepal (COBIN) Wave II study, which included 2,310 adults aged 25–64 years in a semi-urban area of Pokhara Metropolitan City of Nepal, using the World Health Organization-STEPS questionnaire. Unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression models were used to study the correlates of the individual risk factors and their clustering. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and overweight/obesity was 34.5%, 11.7%, and 52.9%, respectively. In total, 68.2% of the participants had at least one risk factor and many participants had two risks in combination: 6.8% for ‘hypertension and diabetes’, 7.4% for ‘diabetes and overweight/obesity’ and 21.4% for ‘hypertension and overweight/obesity’. In total, 4.7% had all three risk factors. Janajati ethnicity (1.4–2.1 times), male gender (1.5 times) and family history of diabetes (1.4–3.4 times) were associated with presence of individual risk factors. Similarly, Janajati ethnicity (aOR: 4.31, 95% CI: 2.53–7.32), current smoking (aOR: 4.81, 95% CI: 2.27–10.21), and family history of diabetes (aOR: 4.60, 95% CI: 2.67–7.91) were associated with presence of all three risk factors. Our study found a high prevalence of all single and combined cardiometabolic risk factors in Nepal. It underlines the need to manage risk factors in aggregate and plan prevention activities targeting multiple risk factors.
Repeatability and comparison of new Corvis ST parameters in normal and keratoconus eyes
Authors: Yang Kaili , Xu Liyan , Fan Qi , Zhao* Dongqing , Ren* Shengwei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo evaluate the repeatability of corneal biomechanical parameters in normal and keratoconus eyes, and explore factors that affects the repeatability, and further assess the diagnostic ability of new parameters. Seventy-seven keratoconus eyes of 47 patients and 77 right eyes of 77 normal subjects were recruited in current study. All participants received three repeated measurements with 2 to 5 minutes interval. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cronbach’ α and repeatability coefficient (RC) were evaluated. The liner regression analysis was used to identify factors that affect the repeatability, and linear mixed effects model was performed to compare the parameters differences. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic ability of new parameters. Eighteen parameters in normal eyes and twenty-two parameters in keratoconus eyes showed excellent repeatability (ICC ≥ 0.90). Age, axial measurement (AL), spherical equivalent, astigmatism, gender, mean keratometry (Kmean), intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) could affect the repeatability of new Corvis ST parameters. Compared with normal eyes, the Ambrósio’s Relational Thickness horizontal (ARTh), biomechanical corrected IOP (bIOP), stiffness parameter at first applanation (SP A1) were low and the Max Inverse Radius, deformation amplitude (DA) Ratio Max [2 mm], Pachy Slope, DA Ratio Max [1 mm], Integrated Radius and Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI) were high in keratoconus eyes (All P < 0.05). Both ARTh and CBI had high Youden index (0.870), and the corresponding cut-off values were 379.29 and 0.44. The repeatability of Corvis ST parameters was acceptable both in normal and keratoconus eyes, and new parameters could effectively diagnose keratoconus eyes from normal eyes.
Computational Studies on the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters of Oxidation of 2-Methoxyethanol Biofuel via H-Atom Abstraction by Methyl Radical
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A. , El-Gogary Tarek M. , Al-Hashimi Nessreen , Shibl Mohamed F. , Yoshizawa Kazunari , El-Nahas Ahmed M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, a theoretical investigation of thermochemistry and kinetics of the oxidation of bifunctional 2-Methoxyethanol (2ME) biofuel using methyl radical was introduced. Potential-energy surface for various channels for the oxidation of 2ME was studied at density function theory (M06-2X) andab initioCBS-QB3 levels of theory. H-atom abstraction reactions, which are essential processes occurring in the initial stages of the combustion or oxidation of organic compounds, from different sites of 2ME were examined. A similar study was conducted for the isoelectronicn-butanol to highlight the consequences of replacing the ϒ CH2group by an oxygen atom on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the oxidation processes. Rate coefficients were calculated from the transition state theory. Our calculations show that energy barriers forn-butanol oxidation increase in the order of α ‹ O ‹ ϒ ‹ β ‹ ξ, which are consistent with previous data. However, for 2ME the energy barriers increase in the order α ‹ β ‹ ξ ‹ O. At elevated temperatures, a slightly high total abstraction rate is observed for the bifunctional 2ME (4 abstraction positions) overn-butanol (5 abstraction positions).