bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchoscopy in children with COVID‐19: A case series
Authors: Goussard Pierre , Van Wyk Lizelle , Burke Jonathan , Malherbe Annemie , Retief Francois , Andronikou Savvas , Mfingwana Lunga , Ruttens Dries , Van der Zalm Marieke , Dramowski Angela , Da Costa Aishah , Rabie Helena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) era is a challenging time for respiratory teams to protect their patients and staff. COVID‐19 is predominantly transmitted by respiratory droplets; in the clinical setting, aerosol generating procedures pose the greatest risk for COVID‐19 transmission. Bronchoscopy is associated with increased risk of patient‐to‐health care worker transmission, owing to aerosolized viral particles which may be inhaled and also result in environmental contamination of surfaces.MethodsWe describe our experience with the use of modified full‐face snorkeling masks for pediatric bronchoscopy procedures in four COVID‐19 infected children when filtering facepieces/respirators were in limited supply.ResultsBronchoscopy was urgently required in four children, and could not be delayed until COVID‐19 test results were available. During the pandemic peak, when respirators were in short supply, modified full‐face snorkel masks (SEAC Libera, SEAC, Italy) were worn by the bronchoscopy team. Each mask was fitted with an O‐ring, adapter, and heat and moisture exchanger filter. To date, there have been no COVID‐19 infections among the bronchoscopy team staff, whereas the overall Hospital staff COVID‐19 prevalence rate has exceeded 13.5% (667/4949).ConclusionEmergency bronchoscopy procedures on COVID‐19 infected patients or patients with unknown infection status can be safely performed using modified full‐face snorkel masks.
Prior distributions for variance parameters in a sparse‐event meta‐analysis of a few small trials
Authors: Pateras Konstantinos , Nikolakopoulos Stavros , Roes Kit C. B. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn rare diseases, typically only a small number of patients are available for a randomized clinical trial. Nevertheless, it is not uncommon that more than one study is performed to evaluate a (new) treatment. Scarcity of available evidence makes it particularly valuable to pool the data in a meta‐analysis. When the primary outcome is binary, the small sample sizes increase the chance of observing zero events. The frequentist random‐effects model is known to induce bias and to result in improper interval estimation of the overall treatment effect in a meta‐analysis with zero events. Bayesian hierarchical modeling could be a promising alternative. Bayesian models are known for being sensitive to the choice of prior distributions for between‐study variance (heterogeneity) in sparse settings. In a rare disease setting, only limited data will be available to base the prior on, therefore, robustness of estimation is desirable. We performed an extensive and diverse simulation study, aiming to provide practitioners with advice on the choice of a sufficiently robust prior distribution shape for the heterogeneity parameter. Our results show that priors that place some concentrated mass on small τ values but do not restrict the density for example, the Uniform(−10, 10) heterogeneity prior on the log(τ2) scale, show robust 95% coverage combined with less overestimation of the overall treatment effect, across varying degrees of heterogeneity. We illustrate the results with meta‐analyzes of a few small trials.
Identification and characterization of novel metabolites of nintedanib by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry with in silico toxicological assessment
Authors: Tiwari Shristy S. , Dhiman Vivek , Mukesh Sumit , Sangamwar Abhay T. , Srinivas Ragampeta , Talluri M.V.N. Kumar 
Published: August 2020

RationaleNintedanib, an oral, triple angiokinase inhibitor, is used alongside docetaxel in the management of locally recurrent non‐small‐cell lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The present study deals with the identification and characterization of in vitro and in vivo stable and reactive (if any) metabolites of nintedanib and sheds light on some novel metabolites of the drug which have not been reported previously.MethodsThe study involved an oral administration of the drug to male Wistar rats, followed by collection of the biological matrices (urine, plasma and feces) at specific intervals for determination of in vivo metabolites. In addition, in vitro studies were performed on human and rat liver microsomes in the presence of appropriate co‐factors. The samples were subjected to protein precipitation and nitrogen evaporation prior to ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The toxicities of all the metabolites were assessed in silico, employing ADMET Predictor™.ResultsA total of 18 metabolites of nintedanib were identified in all the matrices, of which nine were found to be novel and unreported previously. The unreported metabolites were elucidated as oxidative, demethylated and glucuronide conjugates of nintedanib. Interestingly, acetonitrile adducts of a few metabolites (low concentration) were also observed. No reactive metabolites were observed in this study.ConclusionsCharacterization of hitherto unknown in vitro and in vivo metabolites of nintedanib adds to the existing knowledge on the metabolism of the drug. Identification on the basis of the solvated adducts can be a useful approach for characterization of minor metabolites, which remain undetected owing to sensitivity issues.
The regulation of trophoblast invasion and decidual reaction by matrix metalloproteinase‐2, metalloproteinase‐7, and metalloproteinase‐9 expressions in the rat endometrium
Authors: Hamutoğlu Rasim , Bulut Hüseyin Eray , Kaloğlu Celal , Önder Ozan , Dağdeviren Tuğba , Aydemir Merve Nur , Korkmaz Ertan Mahir 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to evaluate how matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) regulate the trophoblast invasion and placentation.MethodsFemale rats were divided into the estrous cycle and early pregnancy day groups. Obtained uterine tissues and implantation sites were processed for immunofluorescence and real‐time PCR examinations.ResultsThe mRNA expression of MMP‐7 was higher than MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. Immunofluorescence findings confirmed that MMP‐2, MMP‐7, and MMP‐9 were localized in the endometrial stroma, while MMP‐7 was high in glandular and lining epithelial cells throughout the entire estrous cycle. However, their immunolocalizations and mRNA expressions were dramatically changed with the early pregnancy days. The MMP‐7 reached very strong immunostaining in the giant trophoblast cells (GTCs), and the cytoplasm of mature and differentiating decidual cells, whereas MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were mostly seen in the primary decidual zone (PDZ), GTCs, and the endothelium of blood vessels.ConclusionsAll three MMPs seemed likely to be a key mediator of trophoblast invasion into the decidual region as well as angiogenesis during the placentation process. Due to the strong and wide expression of MMP‐7 in the mature decidua, it could be suggested that MMP‐7 is important for decidual ECM remodeling and it might be used as a new marker of decidual reaction.
A pilot study: Can shear wave elastography predict fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus muscle?
Authors: Mackintosh Stephen , Young Adrienne , Muirhead Jill , Lee Arier , Sim Jenny Hiow Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionSignificant fatty infiltration of the supraspinatus muscle is an important prognostic indicator for the likelihood of supraspinatus tendon repair failure. Two‐dimensional shear wave elastography (2D‐SWE) has the ability to quantitatively assess muscle stiffness. Presented is a pilot study comparing 2D‐SWE with the gold standard of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fatty infiltration grading.Methods2D‐SWE measurements were prospectively obtained in 152 shoulders of participants presenting for shoulder MRI examinations. 2D‐SWE measurements were obtained in the anterior and posterior aspects in the superficial half of the supraspinatus muscle and compared to MRI Goutallier grading of fatty infiltration as assessed by three observers. Region of interest measurements were placed within the elastogram (a) randomly, (b) at the highest colour‐coded region, and (c) within the most common colour code.Resultst‐test reveals a statistically significant difference (P = .002) between the mean of eight randomly placed 2D‐SWE samples with Goutallier 1 (mean shear wave speed [SWS] = 2.49) and 2 (mean SWS = 2.24). Although the difference was statistically significant, the large overlap of the SWS distributions between Goutallier grades 1 and 2 indicates that SWS is a poor predictor of Goutallier grading.ConclusionRandom SWS sampling throughout the superficial supraspinatus muscle highly correlates with MRI Goutallier grading but lacks accuracy.
The enterprise complexity model: An extension of the viable system model for emerging organizational forms
Authors: Espejo Raul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn enterprise complexity model (ECM) is offered as a methodological tool for the actors of an enterprise to overcome complex environmental problems. The heuristic for this purpose is the viable system model, which guides an enterprise's self‐organization towards policies creating, regulating and producing sustainable development goals. Self‐organization is grounded in correcting imbalanced interactions between an enterprise's actors and their environmental agents, to increase their requisite variety to achieve sustainability, that is, to overcome environmental problems. The interactions between actors and agents are facilitated by current and emergent digital technologies, which support the structuring of collaborative networks. Reflexive interactions between the enterprise's actors and agents in the problematic environment help their branching into all kinds of innovative organizational forms. The Viplan methodology is used to achieve this branching, which accounts for the enterprise's complexity with the support of the Viplan method. Respect for the environment and quality of interactions are values driving this ecology of enterprises towards a deeper and wider appreciation of the issues besetting future generations.
Birational sheets in reductive groups
Authors: Ambrosio Filippo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe define the group analogue of birational sheets, a construction performed by Losev for reductive Lie algebras. For G semisimple simply connected, we describe birational sheets in terms of Lusztig–Spaltenstein induction and we prove that they form a partition of G, and that they are unibranch varieties with smooth normalization by means of a local study.
Sensorimotor performance and haptic support in simulated weightlessness
Authors: Weber Bernhard , Panzirsch Michael , Stulp Freek , Schneider Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe success of many space missions critically depends on human capabilities and performance. Yet, it is known that sensorimotor performance is degraded under conditions of weightlessness. Therefore, astronauts prepare for their missions in simulated weightlessness under water. In the present study, we investigated sensorimotor performance in simulated weightlessness (induced by shallow water immersion) and whether performance can be improved by choosing appropriate haptic settings of the human–machine interface (e.g., motion damping). Twenty-two participants performed basic aiming and tracking tasks with a force feedback joystick under water and on land and with different haptic settings of the joystick (no haptics, three spring stiffnesses, and two motion dampings). While higher resistive forces should be avoided for rapid aiming tasks in simulated weightlessness, tracking performance is best with higher motions damping in both land and water setups, although the performance losses due to water immersion cannot be compensated. The overall result pattern also provides insights into the causal mechanism behind the slowing effect during aiming motions and decreased accuracy of tracking motions in simulated weightlessness. Findings provide evidence that distorted proprioception due to altered muscle spindle activity seemingly is the main trigger of impaired sensorimotor performance in simulated weightlessness.
Chemotherapy negatively impacts the tumor immune microenvironment in NSCLC: an analysis of pre- and post-treatment biopsies in the multi-center SAKK19/09 study
Authors: Amrein M. A. , Bührer E. D. , Amrein M. L. , Li Q. , Rothschild S. , Riether C. , Jaggi R. , Savic-Prince S. , Bubendorf L. , Gautschi O. , Ochsenbein A. F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Over the past few years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the therapeutic landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Response to immune checkpoint inhibitors correlates with a pre-existing anti-tumoral immune response. Checkpoint inhibitors have been introduced as second-line therapy and are only very recently used as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy as first-line treatment of NSCLC. However, the effect of conventional first-line platinum-based chemotherapy on the immune infiltrate in the tumor is largely unknown.

Methods
We measured the gene expression of a custom set of 201 cancer- and immune-related genes in 100 NSCLC tumor biopsies collected before chemotherapy and 33 re-biopsies after platinum-based chemotherapy at the time point of progression. For 29 patients matched pre- and post-chemotherapy samples could be evaluated.

Results
We identified a cluster of 47 co-expressed immune genes, including PDCD1 (PD1) and CD274 (PD-L1), along with three other co-expression clusters. Chemotherapy decreased the average gene expression of the immune cluster while no effect was observed on the other three cluster. Within this immune cluster, CTLA4, LAG3, TNFRSF18, CD80 and FOXP3 were found to be significantly decreased in patient-matched samples after chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that conventional platinum-based chemotherapy negatively impacts the immune microenvironment at the time point of secondary progression.
A decade of radiomics research: are images really data or just patterns in the noise?
Authors: Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Dietzel Matthias , Baessler Bettina 
Published: August 2020

Key Points• Although radiomics is potentially a promising approach to analyze medical image data, many pitfalls need to be considered to avoid a reproducibility crisis.• There is a translation gap in radiomics research, with many studies being published but so far little to no translation into clinical practice.• Going forward, more studies with higher levels of evidence are needed, ideally also focusing on prospective studies with relevant clinical impact.
Characterization of active matter in dense suspensions with heterodyne laser Doppler velocimetry
Authors: Sachs Johannes , Kottapalli S. Nikhilesh , Fischer Peer , Botin Denis , Palberg Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present a novel approach for characterizing the properties and performance of active matter in dilute suspension as well as in crowded environments. We use Super-Heterodyne Laser-Doppler-Velocimetry (SH-LDV) to study large ensembles of catalytically active Janus particles moving under UV illumination. SH-LDV facilitates a model-free determination of the swimming speed and direction, with excellent ensemble averaging. In addition, we obtain information on the distribution of the catalytic activity. Moreover, SH-LDV operates away from walls and permits a facile correction for multiple scattering contributions. It thus allows for studies of concentrated suspensions of swimmers or of systems where swimmers propel actively in an environment crowded by passive particles. We demonstrate the versatility and the scope of the method with a few selected examples. We anticipate that SH-LDV complements established methods and paves the way for systematic measurements at previously inaccessible boundary conditions.
Risk factors for adverse outcomes in vaginal preterm breech labor
Authors: Toijonen Anna , Heinonen Seppo , Gissler Mika , Macharey Georg 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the risk factors for adverse outcomes in attempted vaginal preterm breech deliveries.

Methods
A retrospective case–control study, including 2312 preterm breech deliveries (24 + 0 to 36 + 6 gestational weeks) from 2004 to 2018 in Finland. The preterm breech fetuses with adverse outcomes born vaginally or by emergency cesarean section were compared with the fetuses without adverse outcomes with the same gestational age. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the risk factors for adverse outcomes (umbilical arterial pH below 7, 5-min Apgar score below 4, intrapartum stillbirth and neonatal death < 28 days of age).

Results
Adverse outcome in vaginal preterm breech delivery was associated with maternal obesity (aOR 32.19, CI 2.97–348.65), smoking (aOR 2.29, CI 1.12–4.72), congenital anomalies (aOR 4.50, 1.56–12.96), preterm premature rupture of membranes (aOR 1.87, CI 1.00–3.49), oligohydramnios (28–32 weeks of gestation: aOR 6.50, CI 2.00–21.11, 33–36 weeks of gestation: aOR 19.06, CI 7.15–50.85), epidural anesthesia in vaginal birth (aOR 2.44, CI 1.19–5.01), and fetal growth below the second standard deviation (28–32 weeks of gestation: aOR 5.89, CI 1.00–34.74, 33–36 weeks of gestation: aOR 12.27, CI 2.81–53.66).

Conclusion
The study shows that for each subcategory of preterm birth, there are different risk factors for adverse neonatal outcomes in planned vaginal breech delivery. Due to the extraordinary increased risk of adverse outcomes, we would recommend a planned cesarean section in very preterm breech presentation (28 + 0 to 32 + 6 weeks) with severe maternal obesity, oligohydramnios, or fetal growth restriction and in moderate to late preterm breech presentation (33 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks) with oligohydramnios or fetal growth restriction.
Caregivers’ absence from work before and after tonsil surgery in children with sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Gudmundsdottir Johanna , Lindgren Josefine , Thorpö Malin , Johansson Helena , Hellgren Johan , Gudnadottir Gunnhildur 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Sleep-disordered breathing, SDB, in children is associated with morbidity that can result in caregivers having to stay at home from work. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the number of days when caregivers are reimbursed, temporary parental benefit (TPB) to stay at home from work to care for their sick child is increased among children with SDB before and after tonsil surgery.

Methods
This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study of children (n = 440), aged 2–11 years, that underwent tonsil surgery for SDB in day surgery at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in 2014 and 2015. TPB, was provided by the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. The expected days of TPB in the general population of the region were calculated. The number of days with TPB was compared 2 years before and 2 years after surgery and compared with the expected days of TPB.

Results
Two years before surgery, the children had no more days of TPB than expected. Two years after surgery, the children with SDB had 4.8 more days with TPB (p < 0.001) than expected, but, when the 1st month after surgery was excluded from the analysis, there was no difference in days of TPB compared with the general population.

Conclusion
Children with SDB who had tonsil surgery had no more days of parental benefits 2 years before and 2 years after surgery than expected. SDB is associated with increased morbidity, but it does not appear to cause caregivers to stay at home in the majority of children.
Diagnosing vestibular hypofunction: an update
Authors: Starkov Dmitrii , Strupp Michael , Pleshkov Maksim , Kingma Herman , van de Berg Raymond 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnilateral or bilateral vestibular hypofunction presents most commonly with symptoms of dizziness or postural imbalance and affects a large population. However, it is often missed because no quantitative testing of vestibular function is performed, or misdiagnosed due to a lack of standardization of vestibular testing. Therefore, this article reviews the current status of the most frequently used vestibular tests for canal and otolith function. This information can also be used to reach a consensus about the systematic diagnosis of vestibular hypofunction.
Krankenhausinzidenz, stationäre Versorgung und Outcome der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit und arteriellen Thrombose/Embolie in Deutschland von 2005 bis 2018
Authors: Kühnl A. , Knipfer E. , Lang T. , Bohmann B. , Trenner M. , Eckstein H.-H. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Akute und chronische Durchblutungsstörungen der unteren Extremitäten sind häufig und treten mit zunehmendem Lebensalter vermehrt auf. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Erfassung der Krankenhausinzidenz peripherer Durchblutungsstörungen in Deutschland sowie der Behandlungsverfahren und der behandelnden Fachabteilungen.

Methoden
Zur Analyse wurde die DRG-Statistik des gesamten Bundesgebiets der Jahre 2005 bis 2018 verwendet. Zur Analyse der Krankenhausmortalität, der versorgenden Fachabteilung, der Belegungstage sowie der bundeslandspezifischen Krankenhausinzidenz wurde der aktuellste verfügbare Berichtsjahrgang 2017 der „Tiefgegliederten Diagnosedaten“ analysiert. Die Einteilung der klinischen Stadien orientierte sich an den administrativen ICD-10 Codes für die pAVK-Stadien I-IV.

Ergebnisse
Die altersstandardisierte Krankenhausinzidenz der PAVK I-IV betrug zuletzt 231 pro 100.000 Einwohner (EW), die der arteriellen Embolie/Thrombose 23 pro 100.000 EW. Die absolute Anzahl an offenen und endovaskulären Prozeduren sowie Prozeduren bei arterieller Embolie/Thrombose und Amputation stieg stetig von 2005 (ca. 260.000) bis 2018 (ca. 620.000) an. Offen-chirurgische Eingriffe bei pAVK stiegen um 35 %, bei arterieller Embolie/Thrombose um 56 % und endovaskuläre Verfahren um 141 %. Majoramputationen nahmen um 30 % von 25.902 auf 17.237 ab, die der Minoramputationen von 37.102 auf 46.193 um +21 % zu. Die Krankenhausmortalität der pAVK I–IV betrug in 2017 im Mittel für Männer 2,3 % und für Frauen 2,8 %, bei der arteriellen Embolie/Thrombose waren dies 6,8 und 12,0 %.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Krankenhausinzidenz von Männern ist höher als die von Frauen; eine Altersabhängigkeit ist bei beiden Geschlechtern vorhanden. Deutliche Unterschiede in der Krankenhausinzidenz zeigen sich zwischen den Bundesländern. Die Anzahl an endovaskulären Prozeduren zur Behandlung einer pAVK oder arteriellen Embolie nehmen weiterhin stetig zu, während die Rate an Majoramputationen abnimmt.