bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concordance of long‐term shifts with climate warming varies among phenological events and herbaceous species
Authors: Augspurger Carol K. , Zaya David N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany temperate herbs now flower earlier than a few decades ago. Little is known about other phenological events, despite the importance of life history integration for plant fitness. This study addresses the hypothesis that temporal shifts of multiple phenological events in herbs are concordant with temporal changes in weather. Explicitly showing that changes in timing of annual life cycle events are correlated with changes in weather‐predicting variables provides support for the hypothesis that a phenological shift is concordant with climate change. Observations of six phenological events and five phenophases were made year‐round for 25 yr for herb species in a deciduous forest fragment, Trelease Woods in Illinois, USA. Dates for 43 species were analyzed by linear mixed‐effects models for events and phenophases and were compared to weather data from a nearby station. For early species, emergence was delayed by 1.5 d/decade, while end expansion advanced by 3.8 d/decade and begin dormancy advanced by 2.5 d/decade. For late species, end expansion advanced by 6.7 d/decade, while begin senescence delayed by 17.7 d/decade. Begin flowering and end flowering advanced similarly for both seasonal groups, at 3.8 to 4.2 d/decade. Some events showed no temporal change. Species differed greatly in the degree or direction of change, related to seasonality of event or length of phase. Overall, for a given species, most events are advancing (68.4%) and most durations are shortening (74.4%). In 12 of 13 cases, inter‐annual variation in event date was predicted by a temperature‐event–season combination variable, but in only six cases did both event date shift and weather variable warm through time. This finding supports the hypothesis that climate change is associated with changes in some, but not all, phenological events. This first long‐term, multi‐phase study of a community of temperate herb species indicates little temporal coherence of responses of multiple phases. Changes in date are event specific, phase specific, and species specific. This complexity of responses among species and uneven responses within a species’ integrated annual cycle events has implications for evolutionary responses and more immediate interactions among plant, animal, and microbe species in this community.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers are not associated with severe COVID‐19 infection in a multi‐site UK acute hospital trust
Authors: Bean Daniel M. , Kraljevic Zeljko , Searle Thomas , Bendayan Rebecca , Kevin O'Gallagher , Pickles Andrew , Folarin Amos , Roguski Lukasz , Noor Kawsar , Shek Anthony , Zakeri Rosita , Shah Ajay M. , Teo James T.H. , Dobson Richard J.B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThe SARS‐CoV‐2 virus binds to the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for cell entry. It has been suggested that angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), which are commonly used in patients with hypertension or diabetes and may raise tissue ACE2 levels, could increase the risk of severe COVID‐19 infection.Methods and resultsWe evaluated this hypothesis in a consecutive cohort of 1200 acute inpatients with COVID‐19 at two hospitals with a multi‐ethnic catchment population in London (UK). The mean age was 68 ± 17 years (57% male) and 74% of patients had at least one comorbidity. Overall, 415 patients (34.6%) reached the primary endpoint of death or transfer to a critical care unit for organ support within 21 days of symptom onset. A total of 399 patients (33.3%) were taking ACEi or ARB. Patients on ACEi/ARB were significantly older and had more comorbidities. The odds ratio for the primary endpoint in patients on ACEi and ARB, after adjustment for age, sex and co‐morbidities, was 0.63 (95% confidence interval 0.47–0.84, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThere was no evidence for increased severity of COVID‐19 in hospitalised patients on chronic treatment with ACEi or ARB. A trend towards a beneficial effect of ACEi/ARB requires further evaluation in larger meta‐analyses and randomised clinical trials.
Analysis of DGS filters using π‐circuit model
Authors: Malhotra Sambhav , Hashmi Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe design and analysis of two defected ground structures (DGS)‐based filters have been proposed in this article. The first is a multifrequency bandstop filter (BSF) which utilizes a semi‐H defect in the ground plane. This structure is then prototyped on a Rogers 4350B substrate of overall size 45 mm × 15 mm with an external SMD capacitors employed to control the resonance of the circuit for the stopband frequencies of 433, 700, and 915 MHz. An equivalent π‐circuit is modified to validate this multiband filter. The second filter is a combination of a BSF and bandpass filter in one structure. The filter operating with a controllable passband and stopband frequency is fabricated on Rogers 4350B lossy substrate. Two SMD capacitors are loaded in the filter structure to control the passband and stopband frequencies of the filter with a structure size of 20 mm x 20 mm. Finally, the equivalent circuit from the BSF is modified further to encompass the bandpass and bandstop frequency response of the proposed
work.
Developing ofN‐(4‐methylpyrimidine‐2‐yl)methacrylamideLangmuir–Blodgettthin film chemical sensor via quartz crystal microbalance technique
Authors: Acikbas Yaser , Tetik Gamze D. , Ozkaya Cansu , Bozkurt Selahattin , capan Rifat , Erdogan Matem 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present work, the characterization and gas sensing properties of newly synthesizedN‐(4‐methylpyrimidine‐2‐yl)methacrylamide (N‐MPMA) monomer Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) thin films were investigated. The UV–visible spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and atomic force microscopy were utilized to characterizeN‐MPMALB thin films. The surface behavior ofN‐MPMAmonolayer was stable and allowed an effective transfer at a surface pressure of 14 mN/m. The mass change/unit area value of theN‐MPMALB thin film deposited quartz crystal surfaces was investigated. The amount ofN‐MPMALB thin film deposited on the substrate for bilayer was calculated as 228.72 ng (86.31 ng/mm2) and 12.5 Hz frequency shift was observed for each layer of theN‐MPMAfilm. The kinetic responses ofN‐MPMALB film against chloroform, dichloromethane, benzene, and toluene were measured via QCM system at room temperature.N‐MPMAQCM sensor results displayed that chloroform has the largest frequency shifts compared with the other vapors used in the present work and these results can be illuminating in terms of physical properties of organic vapors.
Pelvic tilt between supine and standing after total hip arthroplasty an RSA up to seven years after the operation
Authors: Shareghi Bita , Mohaddes Maziar , Kärrholm Johan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe pose of the prosthetic components after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is commonly evaluated on conventional radiographs. Any change of the pelvic position after the operation in supine and between supine and standing position with time will influence validity of the measurements. We evaluated the changed pelvic tilt angle (PTA) in supine and standing position up to 7 years after operation. The aims of our study were (a) to evaluate if the PTA change over time after THA, (b) to assess any difference in PTA between supine and standing positions, and (c) to investigate whether factors such as gender, the condition of the opposite hip or low‐back pain have any influence on PTA after THA. Repeated radiostereophotogrammetric radiographs of 106 patients were studied. Patients had been examined in the supine position postoperatively, and in both supine and standing positions at 6 months and 7‐year follow‐up. Measurements of supine patients showed an increasing mean posterior pelvic tilt over time. From supine to standing, the pelvis tilted in the opposite direction. At 6 months, the mean anterior tilt was 3.6° ± 3.8° (confidence interval [CI]: 2.8° to 4.3°) which increased to 6.4° ± 3.9° (CI: 5.7° to 7.2°) at 7 years. The mean changes in pelvic rotations around the longitudinal and sagittal axis were less than 1 degree, in both positions. In individual patients, this change reached about 11.0 degrees in supine and 18.0 degrees when standing.
Comparative analysis of 23 synovial fluid biomarkers for hip and knee periprosthetic joint infection detection
Authors: Sharma Katyayini , Ivy Morgan , Block Darci R. , Abdel Matthew P. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Beauchamp Christopher , Perry Kevin I. , Rosemark Christopher L. , Greenwood‐Quaintance Kerryl E. , Mandrekar Jay , Patel Robin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is interest in novel synovial fluid biomarkers for the detection of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Here, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of 23 simple or sophisticated synovial fluid biomarkers for periprosthetic hip or knee infection detection. One hundred seven subjects were studied, 57 of whom had aseptic failure (AF) and 50 PJI. The following synovial fluid biomarkers were tested using spectrophotometric assays, immunoassays, lateral flow tests, or test strips: leukocyte count, monocyte percentage, lymphocyte percentage, neutrophil percentage, C‐reactive protein (CRP), glucose, lactate, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, interferon‐γ, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐13, IL‐17A, IL‐23, tumor necrosis factor‐α, α‐defensin, and leukocyte esterase. The best‐performing synovial fluid biomarkers to differentiate PJI from AF—that is, those with highest area under the curve compared to all other biomarkers—were leukocyte count, percent neutrophils and percent monocytes, CRP, and α‐defensin (P < .0001).
Morphological traits of drought tolerant horse gram germplasm: classification through machine learning
Authors: Amal Thomas Cheeran , Thottathil Asif T , Veerakumari Kumarasamy P , Rakkiyappan Rajan , Vasanth Krishnan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDHorse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.) is an underutilized pulse crop with good drought resistance traits. It is a rich source of protein. Conventional breeding methods for high yielding and abiotic stress tolerant germplasm are hampered by the scarcity of morphological data sets. Thus, horse gram cultivars considered for this study is classified based on prevailing growth factors showing homogenous genotype in various agro ecological zones. Nowadays, several machine learning (ML) methods are used in the field of plant phenotyping.RESULTSWe adopted unsupervised learning techniques from the K‐means clustering algorithm to analyze important morphological traits: plant shoot length, total plant height, flowering percentage, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per plant, and seed length variants between germplasm. Unsupervised clustering revealed that 20 germplasm accessions were grouped in four clusters in which high‐yielding traits were predominantly observed in cluster 2.CONCLUSIONThese findings could guide ML‐based classification to characterize suitable germplasms on the basis of high‐yielding varieties for different agro‐ecological zones. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Cardiac synchronization and arrhythmia during irreversible electroporation
Authors: O'Neill Conor H. , Martin Robert C. G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIrreversible electroporation (IRE) is a nonthermal electrical tumor ablative strategy for unresectable tumors. IRE is relatively safe around critical structures but may induce cardiac arrhythmia when its delivery is not synchronized to the cardiac cycle. We performed a systematic literature review to determine rates of arrhythmia when IRE was utilized with or without cardiac synchronization.MethodsAn online literature search was conducted with additional hand selection of articles. Data were extracted and pooled analyses were performed.ResultsTwelve articles were included in analysis. IRE was performed for 481 patients; 46% hepatic tumors (n = 223), 36% pancreatic lesions (n = 168), and multiple other locations including prostate. Synchronization was performed on 422 patients. Arrhythmias were noted in 3.7% of cases (n = 18/481); cardiac synchronization: 1.2% (n = 5/422) vs unsynchronized: 22.0% (n = 13/59), P < .0001. These events occurred in every organ except the prostate.ConclusionsIRE remains a potent technology for unresectable tumors, but arrhythmia is a clinical concern. This literature review confirms that cardiac gating should be used in all cases outside of prostate to prevent this potentially serious adverse event.
Ultralow Crosslinked Microgel Brings Ultrahigh Catalytic Efficiency
Authors: Wang Jinghong , Liu Yuping , Li Xiang , Luo Yan , Zheng Lifang , Hu Jun , Chen Gaojian , Chen Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicrogel nanoreactors maintain the stability of metallic nanoparticles and regulate their catalytic activity. However, limited by the synthetic method, the recycling ability and long‐lasting stability of microgel nanoreactors are challenged. Herein, a brand‐new nanoparticle carrier, ultralow crosslinked poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐b‐methacrylic acid) (P(NIPAm‐b‐MAA)) microgel, is synthesized based on the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method and the self‐crosslinking mechanism of PNIPAm. This carrier enables the easy preparation, low cost, long‐lasting stability, and high catalytic efficiency of nanoreactors. As far as it is known, the catalytic reduction rates of several dye models used in this work are the highest ones in similar systems. In addition, the presence of the MAA block leads to the agglomeration and dispersion of the microgels under different pH conditions, thus realizing rapid recycling of the nanoreactors. This novel carrier has great potential for a wide range of applications in catalysis.
Nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (NRPTPs) gene family associates with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese hepatitis B virus‐related subjects
Authors: Shen Na , Wang Peng , Li Ying , Zhu Yaowu , Gong Yajie , Zhong Rong , Lu Yanjun , Cheng Liming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (NRPTPs) are reported to be associated with several human cancers, but their roles in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Here, we integrated bioinformatics tools, population association analyses, and biological assays to systematically screen for potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 17 NRPTPs genes and evaluate the effects of candidate SNPs on the risk of HCC or persistent HBV infection. A total of 790 HBV‐related HCC cases and 1454 cancer‐free controls were enrolled. Controls included 711 HBV persistent carriers and 743 spontaneously recovered subjects. Results demonstrated that PTPN4 rs9308777 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06‐1.49, P = .009) and PTPN12 rs350050 (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10‐1.45, P = .001), were significantly associated with HCC risk, but not with persistent HBV infection risk. The cumulative risk effect of these two SNPs was more significantly increased the susceptibility to HCC (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.14‐1.41, P = 2.40 × 10−5). Subsequent biological assays further revealed the potential pathogenesis that PTPN4 rs9308777 might decrease the gene expression, and PTPN12 rs3750050 might promote cell proliferation by attenuating PTPN12's inhibitory activity on EGFR/ERK pathway. In summary, our integrative study highlights that PTPN4 and PTPN12 are significantly associated with HBV‐related HCC risk, but do not influence persistent HBV infection. These findings shed light on the importance of the synergistic effects of regulatory and missense variants on the risk for HCC, and provide data to support personalized cancer medicine in the future.
N2O emissions from plants are reduced under photosynthetic activity
Authors: Schützenmeister Klaus , Meurer Katharina H. E. , Gronwald Marco , Hartmann Antonia B. D. , Gansert Dirk , Jungkunst Hermann F. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

New plant functions in the exchange of greenhouse gases between ecosystems and atmosphere have recently been discovered. We tested whether photosynthetic activity has an effect on N2O emission rates from incubated plant–soil systems.

Two laboratory experiments were performed. One to unravel possible effect of photosynthetic activity on the net N2O ecosystem exchange for two species (beech and ash saplings). The other to account for possible effects from rhizosphere and aboveground plant parts separately (ash sapling only).

Total N2O emissions from both plant and plant–soil systems were significantly lower under light than in darkness (31%–65%). The photosynthetic effect only applied to the aboveground plant parts.

Underlying processes have now to be unraveled to improve our understanding of ecosystem functioning. This will improve modeling and budgeting of greenhouse gas exchanges between ecosystems and the atmosphere.
Pulmonary disease burden in Hispanic and non‐Hispanic children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Chen Laura , Gong Jacqueline , Matta Esther , Morrone Kerry , Manwani Deepa , Rastogi Deepa , De Aliva 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRationalePulmonary complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Research in SCD has predominantly been conducted on African‐Americans, and the disease burden of SCD in other races and ethnicities, including Hispanic patients, is not well characterized.ObjectiveTo compare pulmonary disease burden between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic ethnic groups among children with SCD.MethodsIn a retrospective chart review on 566 SCD patients followed at the Children's Hospital at Montefiore, NY, we compared the pulmonary disease burden and disease management in Hispanic patients to their non‐Hispanic counterparts. We also compared the contribution of demographic and clinical variables to acute chest syndrome (ACS), vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC), and hospitalizations for SCD related complications between the two ethnic groups.ResultsHispanic patients had a greater proportion of ACS, and had lower forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity, and vital capacity, compared to non‐Hispanics. Hispanic patients were more likely to be evaluated in pulmonary clinic and to be on inhaled corticosteroids, short‐acting β agonizts, and leukotriene receptor antagonists. In addition, Hispanic children were more likely to be on hydroxyurea, and receive exchange transfusions. However, the association of asthma with the proportion of ACS did not differ between Hispanics and non‐Hispanics.ConclusionHispanic children with SCD had differences in their pulmonary function profile and received more pulmonary evaluations than non‐Hispanic children.
Structure of cytochrome b5 unique to tardigrades
Authors: Fukuda Yohta , Kim JeeEun , Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCytochrome b5 is an essential electron transfer protein, which is ubiquitously found in living systems and involved in wide variety of biological processes. Tardigrades (also known as water bears), some of which are famous for desiccation resistance, have many proteins unique to them. Here, we report spectroscopic and structural characterization of a cytochrome b5 like protein from one of the desiccation‐tolerant tardigrades, Ramazzottius varieornatus strain YOKOZUNA‐1 (RvCytb5). A 1.4 Å resolution crystal structure revealed that RvCytb5 is a new cytochrome b5 protein specific to tardigrades.
New reliability modeling methods for structural systems with hybrid uncertainty
Authors: Zhao Yongsheng , Wu Hongchao , Yang Congbin , Liu Zhifeng , Cheng Qiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the hybrid reliability modeling of structures in which the inputs contain both random variables and interval variables. Hybrid uncertainty is divided into three categories, including random variables mixed with random variables, interval variables mixed with interval variable, and random variables mixed with interval variables. In order to perform the reliability analysis of structural systems, first, the Bayes method is proposed in the present study to obtain distribution parameters of random variables. Moreover, the self‐sample method is introduced to obtain the interval boundaries based on the least available measuring data. Then, the reliability models are established for three situations and the reliability indices are defined and derived accordingly. The abovementioned three types of reliability indices outline the general situation of structural systems. Finally, the specific calculation process is described in details through different examples. Furthermore, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is discussed by comparing the results obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation and those of other methods. The obtained results indicate that the performance of the proposed model in solving reliability modeling problems is better.
Hydrogen bond interactions of hydrated aluminum nitrate with PVDF, PVDF‐TrFE, and PVDF‐HFP: A density functional theory‐based illustration
Authors: Sarkar Ranjini , Kundu Tarun Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHydrogen bond (HB) interaction is the main driving factor for the nucleation of electroactive β phase within the nonpolar pristine polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers when the hydrated nitrate salts act as additives. The current work elaborates a density functional theory‐based analysis on the HB interactions within aluminum nitrate nonahydrate‐added polyvinylidene fluoride [PVDF/Al(NO3)3∙9H2O], polyvinylidene fluoride‐trifluoro ethylene [PVDF‐TrFE/Al(NO3)3∙9H2O], and polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoro propylene [PVDF‐HFP/Al(NO3)3∙9H2O] composite systems. Polar properties of α (TGTG′) and β (TTTT) phases of the homopolymer and copolymer chains have been compared. Coordination chemistry and formation energies of two stable isomers of Al(NO3)3∙9H2O have been described. Interactions within the polymer/salt complexes have been simulated considering both the salt isomers added to α‐ and β‐tetramer chains of PVDF, PVDF‐TrFE, and PVDF‐HFP. An integral equation formalism polarizable continuum model has been used to replicate the effects of n,n‐dimethyl formamide solvent. HB interaction phenomenon has been described on the basis of electron density difference, interaction energy calculations, symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory, natural bond orbital, Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules, delocalization indices, and reduced density gradient analyses. Simulated infra red (IR) and Raman spectra identified the simultaneous presence of CH⋯O (mostly improper) and OH⋯F (mostly proper) HBs between the salt molecule and polymer chains. Correlations among different HB descriptors have been demonstrated to compare the proper and improper nature of the bonds. This research explored some ambiguities in the conventional HB properties, which may be attributed to very low hyperconjugation energies associated with the bonds.