bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using quality improvement to implement the CNS/AAN quality measure on rescue medication for seizures
Authors: Patel Anup D. , Herbst James , Gibson Annika , Karn Mary , Terry Debbie , Debs Andrea , Yarosz Shannon , Parker William , Cohen Daniel M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveA multidisciplinary quality improvement (QI) team was established to conduct analysis of data for prescribed seizure rescue medication doses from January 2013 to December 2015 to identify and improve inappropriately low dose prescriptions. The QI team identified areas of focus for improvement opportunities and developed the project objective based on the 2017 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) and Child Neurology Society (CNS) quality measure.MethodsWithin a freestanding children's hospital, the QI team developed key drivers and implemented interventions, such as the midazolam prefilled syringe program with use of standardized dosing, electronic chart tools, monthly pharmacy review of all underdosed prescriptions, and provider and nursing education. The team created an automated monthly report to monitor prescribed seizure rescue medication dosing compliance. The year 2015 was used as the preliminary data baseline period with an average noncompliance rate of 3.5%.ResultsFrom January 2016 to December 2019, the team has decreased and sustained the noncompliance rate to an average of 0.38%. The data for the project included 12,975 seizure rescue medication prescribed by a neurology provider from January 2015 to December 2019. Compliance with properly dosed diazepam orders continues to be the largest area of opportunity. The data demonstrated a centerline shift in January 2019, moving the baseline average of 7.2% noncompliance to the current average rate of 0.22%. In comparison, underdosed midazolam orders occurred at an average rate of 0.037% in the same timeframe.SignificanceUsing quality improvement methodologies, the team successfully and substantially decreased provider prescribed and signed underdosed rescue medication orders by an average of 89%. This QI project demonstrates successful implementation and improvement addressing the AAN/CNS quality measure of proper rescue seizure treatment dosing.
Clues that mitochondria are involved in the hair cycle clock: MPZL3 regulates entry into and progression of murine hair follicle cycling
Authors: Nicu Carina , Wikramanayake Tongyu C. , Paus Ralf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe molecular nature of the hair cycle clock (HCC), the intrinsic oscillator system that drives hair follicle (HF) cycling, remains incompletely understood; therefore, all relevant key players need to be identified. Here, we present evidence that implicates myelin protein zero‐like 3 (MPZL3), a multifunctional nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial protein known to be involved in epidermal differentiation, in HCC regulation. By analysing global Mpzl3 knockout (−/−) mice, we show that in the absence of functional MPZL3, mice commence HF cycling with retarded first catagen‐telogen transition after normal postnatal HF morphogenesis. However, Mpzl3 −/− mice subsequently display strikingly accelerated HF cycling, i.e. a precocious telogen‐to‐anagen transition during the second hair cycle, compared to controls, suggesting that MPZL3 inhibits anagen entry. We also show that intrafollicular MPZL3 protein expression fluctuates in a hair cycle‐dependent manner. In telogen HFs, MPZL3 is localized to the secondary hair germ, an epicentre of hair cycle regulation, where it partially co‐localizes with P‐cadherin. In early anagen HF, MPZL3 is localized immediately distal to the proximal hair matrix. These findings introduce the novel concept that mitochondria are more actively involved in hair cycle control than previously recognized and that MPZL3 plays a central role in the HCC.
Global gaps in trait data for terrestrial vertebrates
Authors: Etard Adrienne , Morrill Sophie , Newbold Tim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTrait data are increasingly being used in studies investigating the impacts of global changes on the structure and functioning of ecological communities. Despite a growing number of trait data collations for terrestrial vertebrates, there is to date no global assessment of the gaps and biases the data present. Here, we assess whether terrestrial vertebrate trait data are taxonomically, spatially and phylogenetically biased.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial vertebrates.MethodsWe compile seven ecological traits and quantify coverage as the proportion of species for which an estimate is available. For a species, we define completeness as the proportion of non‐missing values across traits. We assess whether coverage and completeness differ across classes and examine phylogenetic biases in trait data. To investigate spatial biases, we test whether wider‐ranging species have more complete trait data than narrow‐ranging species. Additionally, we test whether species‐rich regions, which are of most concern for conservation, are less well sampled than species‐poor regions.ResultsMammals and birds are well sampled even in species‐rich regions. For reptiles and amphibians (herptiles), only body size presents a high coverage (>80%), in addition to habitat‐related variables (amphibians). Herptiles are poorly sampled for other traits. The shortfalls are particularly acute in some species‐rich regions and for certain clades. Across all classes, geographically rarer species have less complete trait information.Main conclusionsTrait information is less available on average in some of the most diverse areas and in geographically rarer species, both of which crucial for biodiversity conservation. Gaps in trait data might impede our ability to conduct large‐scale analyses, whereas biases can impact the validity of extrapolations. A short‐term solution to the problem is to estimate missing trait data using imputation techniques, whereas a longer‐term and more robust filling of existing gaps requires continued data‐collection efforts.
A global test of Allen’s rule in rodents
Authors: Alhajeri Bader H. , Fourcade Yoan , Upham Nathan S. , Alhaddad Hasan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimWe test whether geographical variation in the length of appendages in rodent species follows predictions of Allen's rule (a positive relationship between appendage length and temperature) at a broad taxonomic scale (order Rodentia). We also test whether the applicability of this rule varies based on the unit of analysis (species or assemblage), the appendage examined (tail, hind foot, ear), body size, occupied habitat, geographical range size, life mode and saltatorial ability.LocationWorld‐wide.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedRodents (order Rodentia).MethodsWe assembled data on the morphology, ecology and phylogeny for ≤ 2,212 rodent species, representing c. 86% of all the described rodent species and c. 95% of the described genera. We tested the predicted Allen's rule associations among size‐corrected appendage lengths and both latitudinal and climatic variables (temperature and precipitation). We applied a cross‐species approach based on phylogenetic regressions and a cross‐assemblage approach based on spatial regressions in equal‐area 1.5° grid cells.ResultsSupport for Allen's rule was greatest for the tail and was stronger across assemblages than across species. We detected a negative relationship between tail length and (absolute) latitude, which was accounted for by a positive association between tail length and temperature of the coldest month. This association was greatest in desert species. In addition, we observed a negative relationship between ear length and precipitation.Main conclusionsIn rodents, Allen's rule is confirmed only for tails, and this association seems to be driven by adaptation to the cold, rather than warm temperatures. Habitat type seems to influence conformity to this rule. Conformity to Allen's rule is likely to be the result of complex evolutionary trade‐offs between temperature regulation and other essential species traits.
Endovascular treatments of tunneled central venous catheter‐induced superior vena cava complete occlusion via through‐and‐through technique
Authors: Li Nan , Zeng Ni , Chen Bin , Huang Yonghui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSuperior vena cava occlusion (SVCO) induced by tunneled central venous catheter (tCVC) is an uncommon but challenging complication of hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to access the efficacy, safety, and patency of stents in tCVC‐related SVCO via through‐and‐through technique.MethodWe retrospectively identified seven patients with benign SVCO secondary to tCVC treated with endovascular approaches successfully between 1 March 2013 and 31 October 2019. Patients' demographic data, clinical signs and symptoms, and imaging data were followed up and recorded.ResultsTechnical success was achieved in all cases. All the patients were performed with percutaneous transcatheter angioplasty (PTA) and subsequently stent placement via the through‐and‐through technique. During follow‐up, four patients underwent secondary interventions, including PTA and/or stent placement. The primary patency after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months was 100%, 100%, 86% and 86%, and secondary patency after 12 months was 100%. No procedure‐related deaths occurred.ConclusionsEndovascular management of SVCO is a safe and effective approach. CT examination can provide a direction for endovascular treatment and periodic surveillance.
Comparing the anaesthetic efficacy of 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL of anaesthetic solution for inferior alveolar nerve blocks for teeth with irreversible pulpitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Abbott P. V. , Pulikkotil S. J. , Veettil S. K. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe scientific literature is contradictory in relation to selecting the appropriate volume of local anaesthetic solution for inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANB) when attempting to anaesthetize mandibular teeth with irreversible pulpitis.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy of 1.8 and 3.6 mL of the same anaesthetic solution for IANBs when treating mandibular teeth with irreversible pulpitis.MethodsA literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost databases until May 2020. Randomized clinical trials published in English, comparing 1.8 with 3.6 mL of the same anaesthetic solution for IANBs in permanent mandibular teeth with irreversible pulpitis, were included. The risk of bias of the included trials was appraised using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. A meta‐analysis was performed using the random‐effects model. The effect of random errors on the results of the meta‐analysis was evaluated by trial sequential analysis and the quality of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsFour clinical trials involving 280 teeth from patients with ages ranging from 18 to 65 years were included. Among the four trials, three were categorized as having a ‘low’ risk of bias and one was categorized as having ‘some concerns’. The primary meta‐analysis revealed that 3.6 mL of anaesthetic solution when administered for IANBs was associated with significantly greater success rates compared with 1.8 mL (RR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.07, 3.52; I2 = 77%). Similarly, the results of the sensitivity analysis (restricting trials only to those that used the Heft‐Parker visual analogue pain scale) revealed that the use of 3.6 mL significantly increased the success of IANBs compared with 1.8 mL. The trial sequential analysis confirmed the evidence for the beneficial effect of 3.6 mL to achieve success for IANBs was ‘conclusive’. The quality of evidence was graded as ‘high’.ConclusionIncreasing the volume of anaesthetic solution from 1.8 to 3.6 mL improved the success rate for IANBs in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis. The quality of the evidence was ‘high’. Future high‐quality clinical trials are required with different types of anaesthetic solutions and other types of teeth.
Ulcerative versus non‐ulcerative panniculitis: is it time for a novel clinical approach to panniculitis?
Authors: Shavit Eran , Marzano Angelo Valerio , Alavi Afsaneh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPanniculitis, or inflammation of the fatty tissue, is an ongoing diagnostic challenge to both dermatologists and pathologists. The basis of the current panniculitis classification is histology, whether the inflammation is mainly located in the fibrovascular septa or in the adipose lobules thereafter with or without vasculitis. However, overall, the difficulty rises due to various terminologies and lack of clinical relevance with this classification. In addition to that, the majority of panniculitides have mixed infiltration of both lobular and septal and not a clear‐cut distinction. The aim of this article is to provide a novel clinical algorithm to the diagnosis of panniculitis and thus to provide guidelines for all clinicians who may encounter this challenging condition in their clinical practice.
Eosinophilic folliculitis due to wearing protective gear in citizens volunteering for sanitation services during the COVID‐19 pandemic – an original epidemiological, clinical, dermoscopic, and laboratory‐based study
Authors: Chuh Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn association between wearing protective gear and eosinophilic folliculitis has not been reported. We aimed to investigate such during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsIn three outpatient clinics, we hand‐reviewed records of all patients having consulted us during a Study Period (90 days) in the early phase of the pandemic. Our inclusion criteria for Study Subjects were: (i) clear clinical diagnosis, (ii) dermoscopic confirmation, (iii) differential diagnoses excluded, (iv) eosinophilia, (v) protective gear worn during sanitation services, (vi) temporal correlation, (vii) distributional correlation, (viii) physician‐assessed association, and (ix) patient‐assessed association. Control Periods in the same season were elected.ResultsTwenty‐five study subjects fulfilled all inclusion criteria. The incidence was significantly higher than in the control periods (IR: 3.57, 95% CI: 1.79–7.43). Male predominance was significant (P < 0.001). Such for patients in the control periods were insignificant. Study subjects were 21.2 (95% CI: 11.0–31.4) years younger than patients in the control periods. For the study subjects, the distribution of erythematous or skin‐colored folliculocentric dome‐shaped papules and pustules were all compatible with body parts covered by the gear. Lesional biopsy performed on two patients revealed eosinophilic dermal infiltrates within and around the pilosebaceous units. Polarized dermoscopy revealed folliculitis with peri‐/interfollicular vascular proliferation. Lesion onsets were 6.4 (SD: 2.1) days after wearing gear. Remissions were 16.7 (SD: 7.5) days after ceasing to wear gear and treatments.ConclusionsWearing protective gear in volunteered sanitizing works could be associated with eosinophilic folliculitis. Owing to the significant temporal and distributional correlations, the association might be causal.
Amelanotic melanoma of the head and neck: analysis of tumor characteristics from the National Cancer Database
Authors: Huayllani Maria T. , Boczar Daniel , Saleem Humza Y. , Spaulding Aaron C. , Bagaria Sanjay P. , Lu Xiaona , Kassis Salam , Perdikis Galen , Forte Antonio Jorge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmelanotic melanoma is an extremely rare subtype of cutaneous melanoma. The tumor characteristics are still not well understood, especially for those located in the head and neck.MethodsTumor characteristics of patients diagnosed with amelanotic melanoma of the head and neck (AMHN) from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2015, were analyzed by querying the National Cancer Database. Characteristics of AMHN were subsequently compared with common malignant melanoma of the head and neck (CMMHN).ResultsThree hundred and sixty‐eight patients were diagnosed with AMHN, and 69,267 were diagnosed with CMMHN. Of those with AMHN, 128 (34.8%) had melanoma located on the scalp and neck, and 172 (46.7%) were diagnosed with an early disease stage (i.e., 0, I, or II). When compared with CMMHN, patients with AMHN were more likely to be diagnosed after 80 years of age (25.3% vs. 18.2%; odds ratio [OR], 3.28; 95% CI, 1.09–9.84; P = 0.03), when Breslow depth was between 2.01 and 4.00 mm (28.5% vs. 6.5%; OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.15–3.19; P = 0.01), when ulceration was present (36.7% vs. 9.0%; OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.34–2.97; P = 0.001), and when mitotic count was 1 or more/mm2 (40.5% vs. 12.8%; OR; 2.53; 95% CI, 1.09–5.89; P = 0.03). No statistical difference was found for sex, specific location, stage, or lymph node involvement.ConclusionOur study determined that AMHN is associated with older age, increased Breslow depth, presence of ulceration, and greater mitotic count when compared with CMMHN.
Growth inhibition of Fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol detoxification by lactic acid bacteria and their application in sourdough bread
Authors: Cao Hui , Meng Denghui , Zhang Wei , Ye Tai , Yuan Min , Yu Jinsong , Wu Xiuxiu , Li Yan , Yin Fengqin , Fu Caili , Xu Fei 
Published: October 2020

SummaryEight lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were screened for their ability to inhibit Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) growth and remove deoxynivalenol (DON). Furthermore, the selected LAB strains were applied as starter cultures to evaluate their performance during the breadmaking process. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) AR524 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against F. graminearum growth in a pH‐dependent manner and removed up to 40.9% of DON, mainly through cell wall binding. Compared with the control, L. plantarum AR524 inhibited 60.19% of F. graminearum growth and removed 50.53% of DON during breadmaking. The texture properties of the bread were also remarkably improved by L. plantarum AR524, and its shelf life was extended from 3 days to 6 days without the application of any chemical preservatives. Therefore, L. plantarum AR524 shows excellent potential for application as a bioprotective starter culture in bakery products.
Comorbidities that predict acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test positivity in Mexican Children: A case‐control study
Authors: Hernández‐Garduño Eduardo 
Published: October 2020

SummarySome comorbidities are risk factors for severe coronavirus disease (Covid‐19) but it is unknown whether some increase susceptibility to Covid‐19 in children. In this Mexican case‐control study, contact with patients with Covid‐19, or having obesity, or having diabetes, or hypertension or been immunosuppressed independently increased the risk for Covid‐19 in the whole sample analysis. However, only contact history and obesity remained statistically significant in the separated analysis of girls and boys. The results suggest that obesity is not only associated with severe disease but also increases risk for Covid‐19. Contrary to findings in adults, no difference between cases and controls was found for gender, presence of pneumonia or surrogates of severe disease including admission to intensive care unit, tracheal intubation or whether patient had died. This indicates that Covid‐19 is less severe in children than adults. Future research is needed to establish the mechanisms involved in obesity and Covid‐19 in children.
Differences in retinopathy prevalence and progression between Anglo‐Celt and Aboriginal Australians: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II
Authors: Drinkwater Jocelyn J. , Davis Wendy A. , Turner Angus W. , McAullay Daniel , Davis Timothy M. E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndigenous populations have higher rates of diabetes and diabetic complications, yet there is a paucity of contemporary data on diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence and incidence in urban dwelling Aboriginal Australians.AimsThe aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of DR and incidence of new or worsening DR between Aboriginal Australians and Anglo‐Celts with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsParticipants from the community‐based Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (817 Anglo‐Celts, 94 Aboriginal people) recruited between 2008 and 2011 underwent fundus photography at baseline and biennial reviews. The prevalence of any DR and moderate non‐proliferative DR (NPDR), and the incidence of new or worsening DR were ascertained using baseline and 4‐year follow‐up data.ResultsCompared with Anglo‐Celts, the Aboriginal participants had a higher prevalence of any DR (33.0% vs 52.1%) and moderate NPDR or worse (5.1% vs 24.4%), and new or worsening DR during follow up (6.7% vs 23.5%). The unadjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of any DR and moderate NPDR at baseline were 2.21 (1.43, 3.39) and 5.98 (3.40, 10.50), respectively, and of new or worsening DR 4.32 (1.33, 13.98). In adjusted models, Aboriginal ethnicity was only associated with the prevalence of moderate NPDR or worse (5.58 (2.44, 12.76)).ConclusionsAboriginal participants had a higher prevalence of DR and new or worsening DR, reflecting conventional risk factors including suboptimal glycaemic control. Their significantly higher odds of moderate NPDR or worse in adjusted models suggest ethnic‐specific determinants of DR severity. These findings highlight the need for equitable, culturally appropriate diabetes/ophthalmic care.
Aeromedical retrieval diagnostic trends during a period of Coronavirus 2019 lockdown
Authors: Gardiner Fergus W. , Gillam Marianne , Churilov Leonid , Sharma Pritish , Steere Mardi , Hannan Michelle , Hooper Andrew , Quinlan Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known on the trends of aeromedical retrieval (AR) during social isolation.AimTo compare the pre, lockdown, and post‐lockdown AR patient characteristics during a period of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) social isolation.MethodsAn observational study with retrospective data collection, consisting of AR between 26 January and 23 June 2020.ResultsThere were 16 981 AR consisting of 1983 (11.7%) primary evacuations and 14 998 (88.3%) inter‐hospital transfers, with a population median age of 52 years (interquartile range 29.0–69.0), with 49.0% (n = 8283) of the cohort being male and 38.0% (n = 6399) being female. There were six confirmed and 230 suspected cases of COVID‐19, with the majority of cases (n = 134; 58.3%) in the social isolation period. As compared to pre‐restriction, the odds of retrieval for the restriction and post‐restriction period differed across time between the major diagnostic groups. This included, an increase in cardiovascular retrieval for both restriction and post‐restriction periods (odds ratio (OR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.24 and OR 1.18 95%, CI 1.08–1.30 respectively), increases in neoplasm in the post restriction period (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.04–1.64) and increases for congenital conditions in the restriction period (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.39–4.71). Cardiovascular and congenital conditions had increased rates of priority 1 patients in the restriction and post restriction periods. There was a decrease in endocrine and metabolic disease retrievals in the restriction period (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53–0.98). There were lower odds during the post‐restriction period for retrievals of the respiratory system (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67–0.93), and disease of the skin (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.6–1.0). Distribution between the 2019 and 2020 time periods differed (P < 0.05), with the lockdown period resulting in a significant reduction in activity.ConclusionThe lockdown period resulted in increased AR rates of circulatory and congenital conditions.