bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cygnus survey with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope at 325 and 610 MHz: the catalog
Authors: Benaglia P. , Ishwara-Chandra C. H. , Intema H. , Colazo M. E. , Gaikwad M. 
Published: August 2020

Context.Observations at the radio continuum band below the gigahertz band are key when the nature and properties of nonthermal sources are investigated because their radio radiation is strongest at these frequencies. The low radio frequency range is therefore the best to spot possible counterparts to very high-energy (VHE) sources: relativistic particles of the same population are likely to be involved in radio and high-energy radiation processes. Some of these counterparts to VHE sources can be stellar sources.Aims.The Cygnus region in the northern sky is one of the richest in this type of sources that are potential counterparts to VHE sources. We surveyed the central ∼15 sq deg of the Cygnus constellation at the 325 and 610 MHz bands with angular resolutions and sensitivities of 10″ and 6″, and 0.5 and 0.2 mJy beam−1, respectively.Methods.The data were collected during 172 h in 2013–2017, using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope with 32 MHz bandwidth, and were calibrated using the SPAM routines. The source extraction was carried out with the PyBDSF tool, followed by verification through visual inspection of every putative catalog candidate source in order to determine its reliability.Results.In this first paper we present the catalog of sources, consisting of 1048 sources at 325 MHz and 2796 sources at 610 MHz. By cross-matching the sources from both frequencies with the objects of the SIMBAD database, we found possible counterparts for 143 of them. Most of the sources from the 325-MHz catalog (993) were detected at the 610 MHz band, and their spectral indexαwas computed adoptingS(ν) ∝να. The maximum of the spectral index distribution is atα = −1, which is characteristic of nonthermal emitters and might indicate an extragalactic population.
An extreme ultraluminous X-ray source X-1 in NGC 5055
Authors: Mondal Samaresh , Różańska Agata , Lai Eleonora Veronica , De Marco Barbara 
Published: August 2020

Aims. We analysed multi-epoch X-ray data of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5055 X-1, with luminosity up to 2.32 × 1040 erg s−1, to constrain the physical parameters of the source.
Methods. We performed a timing and spectral analysis of Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. We used spectral models that assume the emission is from an accreting black hole system. We fit the data with a multicolour disk combined with a powerlaw or a thermal Comptonization (NTHCOMP) component and compared those fits with a slim disk model.
Results. The light curves of the source do not show significant variability. From the hardness ratios (3–10 keV/0.3–3 keV flux), we infer that the source is not spectrally variable. We found that the photon index is tightly, positively correlated with the unabsorbed 0.3–10 keV flux and the hydrogen column density. Furthermore, the temperature emissivity profile indicates a deviation from the standard sub-Eddington thin disk model. The source shows an inverse correlation between luminosity and inner disk temperature in all fitted models.
Conclusions. Our analysis favours the source to be in an ultraluminous soft state. The positive correlations between the photon index and the flux as well as between the photon index and the hydrogen column density may suggest the source is accreting at high Eddington ratios and might indicate the presence of a wind. The inverse luminosity relation with the inner disk temperature for all spectral models may indicate that the emission is geometrically beamed by an optically thick outflow.
Kritische Anmerkungen zum Suchtbegriff in der ICD-11
Authors: Petry Jörg 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungRauschzustände werden auf die pharmakologisch beschriebenen Substanzwirkungen reduziert. Das „Abhängigkeitssyndrom“ definiert Sucht unabhängig vom kulturellen und situativen Kontext. Beim Konzept der „Kontrollminderung“ handelt es sich um eine Metapher: Die hierarchisch strukturierte Fähigkeit der Persönlichkeit zur Kontrolle ihres Suchtverhaltens wird nicht aufgeklärt. Diagnosen basieren auf nur wenigen Kriterien: Es fehlen die Biografie der betroffenen Person, die Schwere der Störung und soziodemografische Merkmale. Die „Glücksspielsucht“ und der „pathologische PC/Internetgebrauch“ (Gaming disorder) werden als Süchte klassifiziert, obwohl sie sich typologisch als unterschiedliche Störungen abgrenzen lassen. Sucht ist primär sozialer Natur: Sie erwächst aus einem anhaltenden Mangel an sozialer Integration und setzt ein breites Angebot suchtspezifischer Anreize voraus. Das Krankheitskonzept hat zu einer biomedizinischen Blase geführt, wodurch psychosoziale Interventionen zurückgedrängt wurden. Alternativ lässt sich süchtiges Verhalten als ein sinnvoller Bewältigungsmechanismus überstarker Belastungen ansehen. Zur Überwindung einer Sucht ist es erforderlich, die Autonomie der leidenden Person zu stärken. Dies erfordert die aufeinander bezogene Kooperation der beteiligten Berufsgruppen.
Vorschlag für neue Subklassifikationen des Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zaharia Oana-Patricia , Szendrödi Julia 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDiabetes mellitus ist eine heterogene Erkrankung, die in der Ausprägung der Klinik und dem Risiko für die Entwicklung von Komplikationen variiert. Bisherige Klassifikationen beschränken sich jedoch weitestgehend auf die 2 Hauptformen des Diabetes (Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes), was der Komplexität der Erkrankung nur bedingt gerecht wird. Eine neue Klassifikation der Diabetestypen könnte helfen, die individuelle Prognose der einzelnen Patienten besser einzuschätzen und gezieltere Präventions- und Therapiekonzepte zu ermöglichen. Die vorgeschlagene Neuklassifikation ist jedoch nicht in den aktuellen Leitlinien der Diabetesgesellschaften übernommen und stellt einen Vorschlag renommierter Diabetesforscher dar, um die klinische Vielfalt der Diabeteskrankheit zu berücksichtigen. So wird im Folgenden die Variabilität des Diabetes genauer betrachtet und die Möglichkeit einer neuen Klassifikation dargestellt.
Repeat Stent Placement through Lateral Fenestration of the Existing Dysfunctioning DIPS Stent Graft: An Alternative to Parallel TIPS/DIPS Procedure in a Case of Blocked Primary TIPS/DIPS
Authors: Anandpara Karan Manoj , Mukund Amar , Ramalingam Ravindran , Maiwall Rakhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA complication of transjugular and direct intrahepatic portosystemic stent (TIPS and DIPS) graft is stent blockage. Routinely described procedures for shunt revision include angioplasty, deployment of endoprosthesis, catheter-directed thrombolysis, or rarely performing a second parallel TIPS/DIPS. We describe a case of hepatic vein outflow tract obstruction who presented with DIPS blockage. We performed a revision where a new stent was placed by a lateral puncture through the fenestration of the existing dysfunctioning DIPS stent graft. In our opinion, this alternate technique has theoretical advantages over the conventionally described parallel TIPS/DIPS as it prevents the creation of a completely new long hepatic parenchymal tract.
The Role of 3D Tractography in Skull Base Surgery: Technological Advances, Feasibility, and Early Clinical Assessment with Anterior Skull Base Meningiomas
Authors: Chakravarthi Srikant S. , Fukui Melanie B. , Monroy-Sosa Alejandro , Gonen Lior , Epping Austin , Jennings Jonathan E. , Mena Laila Perez de San Roman , Khalili Sammy , Singh Maharaj , Celix Juanita M. , Kura Bhavani , Kojis Nathaniel , Rovin Richard A. , Kassam Amin B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to determine feasibility of incorporating three-dimensional (3D) tractography into routine skull base surgery planning and analyze our early clinical experience in a subset of anterior cranial base meningiomas (ACM).
Methods Ninety-nine skull base endonasal and transcranial procedures were planned in 94 patients and retrospectively reviewed with a further analysis of the ACM subset.
Main Outcome Measures (1) Automated generation of 3D tractography; (2) co-registration 3D tractography with computed tomography (CT), CT angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and (3) demonstration of real-time manipulation of 3D tractography intraoperatively. ACM subset: (1) pre- and postoperative cranial nerve function, (2) qualitative assessment of white matter tract preservation, and (3) frontal lobe fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal abnormality.
Results Automated 3D tractography, with MRI, CT, and CTA overlay, was produced in all cases and was available intraoperatively. ACM subset: 8 (44%) procedures were performed via a ventral endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) corridor and 12 (56%) via a dorsal anteromedial (DAM) transcranial corridor. Four cases (olfactory groove meningiomas) were managed with a combined, staged approach using ventral EEA and dorsal transcranial corridors. Average tumor volume reduction was 90.3 ± 15.0. Average FLAIR signal change was –30.9% ± 58.6. 11/12 (92%) patients (DAM subgroup) demonstrated preservation of, or improvement in, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus volume. Functional cranial nerve recovery was 89% (all cases).
Conclusion It is feasible to incorporate 3D tractography into the skull base surgical armamentarium. The utility of this tool in improving outcomes will require further study.
COVID-19 in Children: Present and Future Perspective, An Interim Review
Authors: Patnaik Sibabratta , Behera Jyoti Ranjan , Nayak Manas Kumar , Pradhan Janaki Ballav , Sahu Bikash Ranjan , Mohakud Nirmal Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. However, the mechanism by which the pathogen affects children is not understood completely. Children so far accounted for only1 to 6.4% of diagnosed cases and the mortality rate is also less. Though clinical findings are similar to adults, with fever and respiratory symptoms being prevalent, fewer numbers of children appear to develop severe pneumonia. Observed attenuated response to the virus may possibly be due to decrease in the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor in lungs, repeated viral exposure, and not having any underlying chronic diseases or immunosuppression. Suggested treatment included oxygen supplementation, mechanical ventilation in severe cases, nutritional support, and maintaining fluids and electrolyte balances. Although, no definitive pharmacological therapy is available, various combination of drugs like hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, tocilizumab, and convalescent serum show promising result to an extent. As there is no specific therapeutic measure for this ailment, aggressive efforts are being made to develop a potential vaccine against the disease. Although few reports on epidemiology of COVID-19 in children have been published, comprehensive reports are lacking. The present article reviews on important issues such as epidemiological characteristics, postulations of milder disease, therapeutic aspect, and recent development of vaccination against COVID-19 in children.
Hearing balance and communication jubilees exponents of the “twenties”
Authors: Mion M. , Martini A. , Mudry A. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To honour the 100 year death jubilee of Dagobert Schwabach (1846–1920), and his eponymly named tuning fork test.

Method:
We will present original documentation and historical references.

Result:
After a biography of Schwabach, a paragraph will present the original description of the test, followed by another paragraph discussing its acceptation by his colleagues.

Conclusion:
Schwabach published numerous articles on hearing tests, deaf mutism and statistisc of deaf mutism, collecting many cases of otological interest.
Modeling the ternary chalcogenide Na2MoSe4 from first-principles
Authors: Palos Etienne , Reyes-Serrato Armando , Alonso-Nuñez Gabriel , Sánchez J Guerrero 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the ongoing pursuit of inorganic compounds suitable for solid-state devices, transition metal chalcogenides have received heightened attention due to their physical and chemical properties. Recently, alkali-ion transition metal chalcogenides have been explored as promising candidates to be applied in optoelectronics, photovoltaics and energy storage devices. In this work, we present a theoretical study of sodium molybdenum selenide (Na2MoSe4). First-principles computations were performed on a set of hypothetical crystal structures to determine the ground state and electronic properties of Na2MoSe4. We find that the equilibrium structure of Na2MoSe4 is a simple orthorhombic (oP) lattice, with space group Pnma, as evidenced by thermodynamics. Finally, meta-GGA computations were performed to model the band structure of oP Na2MoSe4 at a predictive level. We employ the Tran–Blaha modified Becke–Johnson potential to demonstrate that oP Na2MoSe4 has a direct bandgap at the Γ point that is suitable for optoelectronics. Our results provide a foundation for future studies concerned with the modeling of inorganic and hybrid organic–inorganic materials chemically analogous to Na2MoSe4.
Unconventional critical behaviors at the magnetic phase transition of Co3Sn2S2 kagomé ferromagnet
Authors: Kassem Mohamed A , Tabata Yoshikazu , Waki Takeshi , Nakamura Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Co3Sn2S2 has generated a growing interest as a rare example of the highly uniaxial anisotropic kagomé ferromagnet showing a combination of frustrated-lattice magnetism and topology. Recently, via precise measurements of the magnetization and AC susceptibility we have found a low-field anomalous magnetic phase (A-phase) with very slow spin dynamics that appears just below the Curie temperature (T
C). The A-phase hosts high-density domain bubbles after cooling through T
C as revealed in a previous in-situ Lorentz-TEM study. Here, we present further signatures of the anomalous magnetic transition (MT) at T
C revealed by a study of the critical behaviors of the magnetization and magnetocaloric effect using a high-quality single crystal. Analyses of numerous magnetization isotherms around T
C (≃177 K) using different approaches (the modified Arrot plot, Kouvel–Fisher method and magnetocaloric effect) result in consistent critical exponents that do not satisfy the theoretical predictions of standard second-order-MT models. Scaling analyses for the magnetization, magnetic entropy change and field-exponent of the magnetic entropy change, all consistently show low-field deviations below T
C from the universal curves. Our results reveal that the MT of Co3Sn2S2 can not be explained as a conventional second-order type and suggest an anomalous magnetic state below T
C.
Liquid crystal director fields in three-dimensional non-Euclidean geometries
Authors: Sadoc Jean-François , Mosseri Rémy , Selinger Jonathan V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates nematic liquid crystals in three-dimensional curved space, and determines which director deformation modes are compatible with each possible type of non-Euclidean geometry. Previous work by Sethna et al showed that double twist is frustrated in flat space

R

3

, but can fit perfectly in the hypersphere

S

3

. Here, we extend that work to all four deformation modes (splay, twist, bend, and biaxial splay) and all eight Thurston geometries. Each pure mode of director deformation can fill space perfectly, for at least one type of geometry. This analysis shows the ideal structure of each deformation mode in curved space, which is frustrated by the requirements of flat space.
Cross-section measurements for 58,60,61Ni(n, α)55,57,58Fe reactions in the 4.50 – 5.50 MeV neutron energy region *
Authors: Jiang Haoyu , Cui Zengqi , Hu Yiwei , Liu Jie , Chen Jinxiang , Zhang Guohui , Gledenov Yu. M. , Sansarbayar E. , Khuukhenkhuu G. , Krupa L. , Chuprakov I. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The cross sections at 5 energy points of the 58Ni(n, α)55Fe reaction were measured in the 4.50 MeV ≤ E

n
≤ 5.50 MeV region while those for the 60Ni(n, α)57Fe and 61Ni(n, α)58Fe reactions were measured at E

n
= 5.00 and 5.50 MeV using the 4.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator at Peking University. A gridded twin ionization chamber (GIC) was used as the detector, and enriched 58Ni, 60Ni, and 61Ni foil samples were prepared and mounted at the sample changer of the GIC. Three highly enriched 238U3O8 samples inside the GIC were used to determine the relative and absolute neutron fluxes. The neutron energy spectra were obtained through unfolding the pulse height spectra measured by the EJ-309 liquid scintillator. The interference from the low-energy neutrons and impurities in the samples has been corrected. The present data of the 60Ni(n, α)57Fe reaction are the first measurement results below 6.0 MeV, and those of the 61Ni(n, α)58Fe reactions are the first measurement results in the MeV region. The present results have been compared with existing measurements, evaluations, and TALYS-1.9 calculations.
Tellurene: An elemental 2D monolayer material beyond its bulk phases without van der Waals layered structures
Authors: Cai Xiaolin , Han Xiaoyu , Zhao Chunxiang , Niu Chunyao , Jia Yu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Due to the quantum confinement effect, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) monolayer materials possess distinct characteristics from their corresponding bulk materials, which have received wide attention from science and industry. Among all the 2D materials, elemental 2D materials with the simplest components are most striking. As an emerging group-VIA elemental 2D monolayer material, tellurene exhibits many exciting fundamental properties, such as chemical and mechanical stabilities, bandgap and high carrier mobilities compared to phosphorene, graphene and MoS2, respectively. Besides, in further exploration, it was found that tellurene or tellurene-based device presents excellent thermoelectric properties, piezoelectric properties, quantum Hall effects, and superb optical properties especially nonlinear optics characteristics, etc. The properties of tellurene can be modulated by virtue of strain, defects, edges, and heterojunction effects. In view of so many unique properties, it has drawn significant interest since tellurene was predicted and fabricated successfully in 2017. In this paper, we review the 2D tellurene allotropes, experimental preparation, excellent properties, performance modulation and future development.
On the mystery of the absence of a spin-orbit gap in scanning tunneling microscopy spectra of germanene
Authors: Castenmiller Carolien , Zandvliet Harold J. W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Germanene, the germanium analogue of graphene, shares many properties with its carbon counterpart. Both materials are two-dimensional materials that host Dirac fermions. There are, however, also a few important differences between these two materials: (1) graphene has a planar honeycomb lattice, whereas germanene’s honeycomb lattice is buckled and (2) the spin-orbit gap in germanene is predicted to be about three orders of magnitude larger than the spin-orbit gap in graphene (24 meV for germanene versus 20 μeV for graphene). Surprisingly, scanning tunneling spectra recorded on germanene layers synthesized on different substrates do not show any sign of the presence of a spin-orbit gap. To date the exact origin of the absence of this spin-orbit gap in the scanning tunneling spectra of germanene has remained a mystery. In this work we show that the absence of the spin-orbit gap can be explained by germanene’s exceptionally low work function of only 3.8 eV. The difference in work function between germanene and the scanning tunneling microscopy tip (the work functions of most commonly used STM tips are in the range of 4.5 to 5.5 eV) gives rise to an electric field in the tunnel junction. This electric field results in a strong suppression of the size of the spin-orbit gap.
Strain tunable band structure of a new 2D carbon allotrope C568
Authors: Gao Qiang , Sahin Hasan , Kang Jun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Recently, C568 has emerged as a new carbon allotrope, which shows semiconducting properties with a band gap around 1 eV and has attracted much attention. In this work, the external strain effects on the electronic properties of C568 have been studied theoretically through first-principle calculations. The numerical results show that while in-plane uniaxial and biaxial strains both reduces the band gap of C568 in case of tensile strain, their effects are quite different in the case of compressive strain. With increasing compressive uniaxial strain, the band gap of C568 first increases, and then dramatically decreases. In contrast, the application of compressive biaxial strain up to –10% only leads to a slight increase of band gap. Moreover, an indirect-to-direct gap transition can be realized under both types of compressive strain. The results also show that the optical anisotropy of C568 can be induced under uniaxial strain, while biaxial strain does not cause such an effect. These results indicate good strain tunability of the band structure of C568, which could be helpful for the design and optimization of C568-based nanodevices.
Electrical Characterization of Thin Films (TiO2: ZnO)1-x (GO)x / FTO Heterojunction Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique.
Authors: Alsultani M J , Abed H H , Ghazi R A , Mohammed M A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Thin films from (TiO2: ZnO)1-x(GO)x (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) ml have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique through depositing on FTO coated glass substrates. Electrical is characteristic was investigated by current-voltage (I–V), capacitance-voltage (C–V) measurements. The (I-V) measurement showed that heterojunction from symmetric type (isotope), Ideality factor (β) value increased from1.63 to 2.48 where (β) > 1 the recombination current was dominates, rectification ratios increased from 30.62 to 77.43 because of reduction in the depletion layer from 127nm to 56.4nm which investigated by (C-V) measurements, as well as the built-in voltage (Vbi) and the barrier height ØB decreased from 1.42 V to 0.65 V and 1.62 to 0.79eV respectively. The increase in graphene oxide ratio lead to increase in the majority carriers in turn leads to reduction in Fermi levels. Such tests showed that the electrical properties of the prepared thin films improved and indicated that GO acts as a semiconductor and can be used for flexible and transparent optical-electronic devices.
Investigation of Mixed Symmetry States in 170-178Yb isotopes
Authors: Hady Heiyam Najy , Muttal Mohsin Kadhim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
low-lying positive parity states, dynamic symmetries, mixed symmetry states (MSS), reducing electric quadrupole transition probabilities B(E2), branching ratio, reducing magnetic dipole transition probabilities B(M1), and mixing ratios δ(E2/M1) for 170-178Yb have been investigated by applied IBM-1 and IBM-2 program package. The software package IBM-1 and IBMT computer code for IBM-1 and Neutron Proton Boson NPBOS and Neutron Proton Boson Electromagnetic NPBEM software package have been used. The Ytterbium nuclei with the (170 − 178) mass number considered as rotational nuclei after applying the first and second interacting boson model with studying dynamic symmetry and energy ratios

(
E

4

1

+

/
E

2

1

+

)

,

(
E

6

1

+

/
E

2

1

+

)

and

(
E

8

1

+

/
E

2

1

+

)

that approximated to (3.33,7 and 12). The reducing transition probability for electric quadruple B(E2) and branching ratios that state the small values of the ratios R′ and R″ as having rotational characteristics. A study of the mixed symmetry state of these nuclei shows that the lower energy mixing level is the first 1+ level, which distinguishes the rotational determination nuclei. The energy levels values for the states

2

2

+

,

3

1

+

,

5

1

+

,

1

1

+

have a clear mixed symmetry state (MSS) directly proportional with Majorana parameters ζ2, while

2

3

+

, and

2

4

+

, tend to be approximately more conservative.