bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FMR1 mRNA from full mutation alleles is associated with ABC-CFX scores in males with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Baker Emma K. , Arpone Marta , Kraan Claudine , Bui Minh , Rogers Carolyn , Field Michael , Bretherton Lesley , Ling Ling , Ure Alexandra , Cohen Jonathan , Hunter Matthew F. , Santa María Lorena , Faundes Victor , Curotto Bianca , Morales Paulina , Trigo Cesar , Salas Isabel , Alliende Angelica , Amor David J. , Godler David E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by a hypermethylated full mutation (FM) expansion with ≥ 200 CGG repeats, and a decrease in FMR1 mRNA and its protein. However, incomplete silencing from FM alleles has been associated with more severe autism features in FXS males. This study compared scores on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community-FXS version (ABC-CFX) in 62 males affected with FXS (3 to 32 years) stratified based on presence or absence of mosaicism and/or FMR1 mRNA silencing. Associations between ABC-CFX subscales and FMR1 mRNA levels, assessed using real-time PCR relative standard curve method, were also examined. The FXS group mosaic for premutation (PM: 55–199 CGGs) and FM alleles had lower irritability (p = 0.014) and inappropriate speech (p < 0.001) scores compared to males with only FM alleles and complete loss of FMR1 mRNA. The PM/FM mosaic group also showed lower inappropriate speech scores compared to the incomplete silencing (p = 0.002) group. Increased FMR1 mRNA levels were associated with greater irritability (p < 0.001), and lower health-related quality of life scores (p = 0.004), but only in the incomplete silencing FM-only group. The findings suggest that stratification based on CGG sizing and FMR1 mRNA levels may be warranted in future research and clinical trials utilising ABC-CFX subscales as outcome measures.
Assessing mandibular body changes in growing subjects: a comparison of CBCT and reconstructed lateral cephalogram measurements
Authors: Maspero Cinzia , Farronato Marco , Bellincioni Francesca , Cavagnetto Davide , Abate Andrea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and bi-dimensional reconstructed lateral cephalograms (RLCs) in assessing mandibular body length and growth and to evaluate how mandibular reshaping influences the error in measuring mandibular body growth in bi-dimensional radiographs. Twenty-five patients with two CBCT scans taken at a mean distance of 2.21 ± 0.5 years were selected. The following measurements were performed: right and left mandibular body length at each point in time, mandibular growth, inter-gonial distance and mandibular symphyseal angle. From each CBCT, an RLC was obtained, and mandibular body length and growth were measured. Data analysis revealed a statistically and clinically significant difference in CBCT and RLC regarding the mandibular length of each patient at each point in time. However, mandibular growth was almost identical. A linear regression was performed to predict growth distortion between RLCs and CBCT depending on the ratio between transverse and sagittal mandibular growth. The expected maximum and minimum distortion, however, appeared not to be significant. In fact, a second linear regression model and a Bland–Altman test revealed a strong correlation between measurements of average mandibular body growth by CBCT and RLCs. As the same distortion occurs in the first and second RLCs, bi-dimensional radiographs remain the method of choice in evaluating mandibular body growth.
Fibrinogen protects neutrophils from the cytotoxic effects of histones and delays neutrophil extracellular trap formation induced by ionomycin
Authors: Locke Matthew , Francis Robert J. , Tsaousi Evgenia , Longstaff Colin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeutrophils are pivotal players in immune defence which includes a process of release of histones and DNA as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Histones, while toxic to invading pathogens, also kill host cells, including neutrophils. Bacteria have evolved mechanisms to escape neutrophils, including the secretion of leucocidins (e.g. ionomycin). Live cell video microscopy showed how fibrinogen and fibrin influence NETosis and neutrophil responses to extracellular histones. Histones were rapidly lethal to neutrophils after binding to cells, but formation of fibrinogen/fibrin-histone aggregates prevented cell death. Histone cytotoxicity was also reduced by citrullination by peptidyl arginine deiminase 4, or digestion by serine proteases. Ionomycin and phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) are used to trigger NETosis. Fibrinogen was responsible for a second distinct mechanism of neutrophil protection after treatment with ionomycin. Fibrinogen clustered on the surface of ionomycin-stimulated neutrophils to delay NETosis; and blocking the β integrin receptor, αMβ2, abolished fibrinogen protection. Fibrinogen did not bind to or protect neutrophils stimulated with PMA. Fibrinogen is an acute phase protein that will protect exposed cells from damaging circulating histones or leucocidins; but fibrinogen depletion/consumption, as in trauma or sepsis will reduce protection. It is necessary to consider the role of fibrinogen in NETosis.
Structure and dynamics of the Pacific North Equatorial Subsurface Current
Authors: Li Xiang , Yang Ya , Li Rui , Zhang Linlin , Yuan Dongliang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe North Equatorial Subsurface Current (NESC) has recently been found to flow westward below the North Equatorial Countercurrent in the subsurface layer across the Pacific Ocean. The structure, water mass properties, and the dynamics of the NESC are studied using Argo profiles and geostrophic currents, combined with moored current meter observations. The mean westward geostrophic currents of the NESC has been validated with moored current meter measurements at 4.7° N, 142° E in the far western tropical Pacific Ocean. Sizable seasonal-to-interannual variability of the NESC is indicated by the observations, with strong transports in boreal summer and during La Niña events, whereas weak transports in boreal winter and during El Niño events. The water masses of the NESC appear to be the mixture of the North and South Pacific intermediate waters, with the waters immediately below the thermocline closer to the North than to the South Pacific waters. A simulation using a linear continuously stratified model of ocean circulation suggests that the mean NESC is forced by wind curl through low baroclinic mode responses of the ocean.
Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis: correlation between computed tomography morphology and inflammatory activity in positron emission tomography
Authors: Graeter Tilmann , Eberhardt Nina , Shi Rong , Schmidberger Julian , Beer Ambros J. , Beer Meinrad , Henne-Bruns Doris , Hillenbrand Andreas , Barth Thomas F. E. , Grimm Johannes , Kratzer Wolfgang , Gruener Beate 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPositron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) with 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose (FDG) is the imaging modality of choice for assessing inflammation surrounding hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE) lesions. This study is the first to evaluate FDG uptake in hepatic AE (n = 51) based on the standardized uptake value (SUV) and to correlate the SUVs with primary morphology and calcification patterns, based on the Echinococcus multilocularis Ulm Classification for Computed-Tomography (EMUC-CT). Our results show that the SUVs were increased for lesions with EMUC-CT types I-IV primary morphology, compared to the surrounding healthy liver tissue (SUV = 2.5 ± 0.4; p < 0.05). Type IV lesions included, by far, the highest number of PET-negative lesions. A comparison of lesions with different primary morphologies showed clear differences. The highest SUVs were found for types I and III, and the lowest was found for type IV. Type IV lesions (SUV, 3.8 ± 1.5) showed significantly lower uptake compared to type I (SUV, 6.9 ± 3.5; p = 0.030) and type III (SUV, 7.4 ± 3.9; p = 0.031) lesions. For type II lesions, the results showed only a statistical trend (SUV, 6.1 ± 3.1; p = 0.073). Due to the small number of cases, an evaluation of type V (n = 1) lesions was not possible. The different SUVs of lesions with different primary morphologies, particularly the lower FDG uptake observed in type IV lesions, suggested that these SUVs might reflect different stages of the disease.
Evolution and forecasting of PM10 concentration at the Port of Gijon (Spain)
Authors: Sánchez Lasheras Fernando , García Nieto Paulino José , García Gonzalo Esperanza , Bonavera Laura , de Cos Juez Francisco Javier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe name PM10refers to small particles with a diameter of less than 10 microns. The present research analyses different models capable of predicting PM10concentration using the previous values of PM10, SO2, NO, NO2, CO and O3as input variables. The information for model training uses data from January 2010 to December 2017. The models trained were autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA), multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLP), support vector machines as regressor (SVMR) and multivariate adaptive regression splines. Predictions were performed from 1 to 6 months in advance. The performance of the different models was measured in terms of root mean squared errors (RMSE). For forecasting 1 month ahead, the best results were obtained with the help of a SVMR model of six variables that gave a RMSE of 4.2649, but MLP results were very close, with a RMSE value of 4.3402. In the case of forecasts 6 months in advance, the best results correspond to an MLP model of six variables with a RMSE of 6.0873 followed by a SVMR also with six variables that gave an RMSE result of 6.1010. For forecasts both 1 and 6 months ahead, ARIMA outperformed VARMA models.
Robust phenotypic maintenance of limb cells during heterogeneous culture in a physiologically relevant polymeric-based constructed graft system
Authors: Barajaa Mohammed A. , Nair Lakshmi S. , Laurencin Cato T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA major challenge during the simultaneous regeneration of multiple tissues is the ability to maintain the phenotypic characteristics of distinct cell populations on one construct, especially in the presence of different exogenous soluble cues such as growth factors. Therefore, in this study, we questioned whether phenotypic maintenance over a distinct population of cells can be achieved by providing biomimetic structural cues relevant to each cell phenotype into the construct’s design and controlling the presentation of growth factors in a region-specific manner. To address this question, we developed a polymeric-based constructed graft system (CGS) as a physiologically relevant model that consists of three combined regions with distinct microstructures and growth factor types. Regions A and B of the CGS exhibited similar microstructures to the skin and soft tissues and contained rhPDGF-BB and rhIGF-I, while region C exhibited a similar microstructure to the bone tissue and contained rhBMP-2. Primary rat skin fibroblasts, soft tissue fibroblasts, and osteoblasts were then cultured on regions A, B, and C of the CGS, respectively and their phenotypic characteristics were evaluated in this heterogenous environment. In the absence of growth factors, we found that the structural cues presented in every region played a key role in maintaining the region-specific cell functions and heterogeneity during a heterogeneous culture. In the presence of growth factors, we found that spatially localizing the growth factors at their respective regions resulted in enhanced region-specific cell functions and maintained region-specific cell heterogeneity compared to supplementation, which resulted in a significant reduction of cell growth and loss of phenotype. Our data suggest that providing biomimetic structural cues relevant to each cell phenotype and controlling the presentation of growth factors play a crucial role in ensuring heterogeneity maintenance of distinct cell populations during a heterogeneous culture. The presented CGS herein provides a reliable platform for investigating different cells responses to heterogeneous culture in a physiologically relevant microenvironment. In addition, the model provides a unique platform for evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of different approaches for simultaneously delivering multiple growth factors or molecules from a single construct to achieve enhanced cell response while maintaining cellular heterogeneity during a heterogenous culture.
Individually customized transcranial temporal interference stimulation for focused modulation of deep brain structures: a simulation study with different head models
Authors: Lee Sangjun , Lee Chany , Park Jimin , Im Chang-Hwan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTemporal interference (TI) stimulation was recently proposed that allows for the stimulation of deep brain structures with neocortical regions being minimally stimulated. For human brain modulation, TI current patterns are known to be considerably affected by the complex structures of the human head, and thus, it is hard to deliver TI current to a specific deep brain region. In this study, we optimized scalp electrode configurations and injection currents that can deliver maximum TI stimulation currents to a specific deep brain region, the head of the right hippocampus in this study, considering the real anatomical head structures of each individual. Three realistic finite element (FE) head models were employed for the optimization of TI stimulation. To generate TI current patterns, two pairs of scalp electrodes were selected, which carry two sinusoidally alternating currents with a small frequency difference. For every possible combination of electrode pairs, optimal injection currents delivering the maximal TI currents to the head of the right hippocampus were determined. The distribution of the optimized TI currents was then compared with that of the unoptimized TI currents and the conventional single frequency alternating current stimulation. Optimization of TI stimulation parameters allows for the delivery of the desired amount of TI current to the target region while effectively reducing the TI currents delivered to cortical regions compared to the other stimulation approaches. Inconsistency of the optimal stimulation conditions suggest that customized stimulation, considering the individual anatomical differences, is necessary for more effective transcranial TI stimulation. Customized transcranial TI stimulation based on the numerical field analysis is expected to enhance the overall effectiveness of noninvasive stimulation of the human deep brain structures.
Identification of spin effects in the anomalous Righi–Leduc effect in ferromagnetic metals
Authors: Zhou Da-Kun , Xu Qing-Lian , Yu Xiao-Qin , Zhu Zhen-Gang , Su Gang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe emerging of spin caloritronics leads to a series of new spin-thermal related effects, such as spin Seebeck effect (SSE), spin Nernst effect (SNE) and their corresponding inverse effects. Anomalous Righi–Leduc effect (ARLE) describes that a transverse temperature gradient can be induced by a longitudinal heat flow in ferromagnets. The driving force and the response of the ARLE are all involved with heat. It is curious if spin effects mediate the heat transport and provide extra influence. In this work, we investigate the ARLE and the interplay between the heat current, charge current, and spin current via linear response theory. We identified that spin effects do have clear roles in heat transport, which can be confirmed by phase shifts of voltage output varying with the direction of magnetization. Our formulas fit the experimental data very well. Moreover, we discuss more configuration of magnetization which is expected to be tested in the future. It should be emphasized that the present formalism including spin effects is out of the theory based on magnon transport, which may be conspicuous in the devices within the spin diffusion length.
Investigation of molecular mechanisms of experimental compounds in murine models of chronic allergic airways disease using synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy
Authors: Mazarakis Nadia , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Bambery Keith R. , Ververis Katherine , Tobin Mark J. , Royce Simon G. , Samuel Chrishan S. , Snibson Kenneth J. , Licciardi Paul V. , Karagiannis Tom C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ovalbumin-induced (OVA) chronic allergic airways murine model is a well-established model for investigating pre-clinical therapies for chronic allergic airways diseases, such as asthma. Here, we examined the effects of several experimental compounds with potential anti-asthmatic effects including resveratrol (RV), relaxin (RLN), l-sulforaphane (LSF), valproic acid (VPA), and trichostatin A (TSA) using both a prevention and reversal model of chronic allergic airways disease. We undertook a novel analytical approach using focal plane array (FPA) and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared (S-FTIR) microspectroscopic techniques to provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of these experimental compounds. Apart from the typical biological effects, S-FTIR microspectroscopy was able to detect changes in nucleic acids and protein acetylation. Further, we validated the reduction in collagen deposition induced by each experimental compound evaluated. Although this has previously been observed with conventional histological methods, the S-FTIR technique has the advantage of allowing identification of the type of collagen present. More generally, our findings highlight the potential utility of S-FTIR and FPA-FTIR imaging techniques in enabling a better mechanistic understanding of novel asthma therapeutics.
Novel susceptibility loci for A(H7N9) infection identified by next generation sequencing and functional analysis
Authors: Zhao Baihui , Chen Yongkun , Li Mo , Zhou Jianfang , Teng Zheng , Chen Jian , Zhao Xue , Wu Hao , Bai Tian , Mao Shenghua , Fang Fanghao , Chu Wei , Huang Hailiang , Huai Cong , Shen Lu , Zhou Wei , Sun Liangdan , Zheng Xiaodong , Cheng Guangxia , Sun Ye , Wang Dayan , He Lin , Shu Yuelong , Zhang Xi , Qin Shengying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe A(H7N9) virus strain that emerged in 2013 was associated with a high fatality rate and may become a long-term threat to public health. A(H7N9) disease incidence is disproportionate to viral exposure, suggesting that host genetic factors may significantly influence susceptibility to A(H7N9) infection. Human genome variation in conferring risk for A(H7N9) infection in Chinese populations was identified by a two-stage investigation involving 121 A(H7N9) patients and 187 healthy controls using next generation sequencing followed by functional analysis. As a result, a low frequency variant (rs189256251; P = 0.0303, OR = 3.45, 95% CI 1.05–11.35, chi-square test) and three HLA alleles (DQB1*06:01, DQA1*05:05 and C*12:02) were identified in A(H7N9) infected volunteers. In an A549 cell line carrying the rs189256251 variant CT genotype, A(H7N9) infection incidence was elevated 6.665-fold over control cells carrying the CC genotype. Serum levels of interferon alpha were significantly lower in patients with the CT genotype compared to the CC genotype (P = 0.01). The study findings of genetic predisposition to A(H7N9) in the Chinese population may be valuable in systematic investigations of A(H7N9) disease etiology.
The novel features of Plantago ovata seed mucilage accumulation, storage and release
Authors: Phan Jana L. , Cowley James M. , Neumann Kylie A. , Herliana Lina , O’Donovan Lisa A. , Burton Rachel A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeed mucilage polysaccharide production, storage and release in Plantagoovata is strikingly different to that of the model plant Arabidopsis. We have used microscopy techniques to track the development of mucilage secretory cells and demonstrate that mature P.ovata seeds do not have an outer intact cell layer within which the polysaccharides surround internal columellae. Instead, dehydrated mucilage is spread in a thin homogenous layer over the entire seed surface and upon wetting expands directly outwards, away from the seed. Observing mucilage expansion in real time combined with compositional analysis allowed mucilage layer definition and the roles they play in mucilage release and architecture upon hydration to be explored. The first emergent layer of hydrated mucilage is rich in pectin, extremely hydrophilic, and forms an expansion front that functions to ‘jumpstart’ hydration and swelling of the second layer. This next layer, comprising the bulk of the expanded seed mucilage, is predominantly composed of heteroxylan and appears to provide much of the structural integrity. Our results indicate that the synthesis, deposition, desiccation, and final storage position of mucilage polysaccharides must be carefully orchestrated, although many of these processes are not yet fully defined and vary widely between myxospermous plant species.
Genetic variation in the farnesoid X-receptor predicts Crohn’s disease severity in female patients
Authors: Wilson Aze , Wang Qian , Almousa Ahmed A. , Jansen Laura E. , Choi Yun-hee , Schwarz Ute I. , Kim Richard B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is implicated in Crohn's disease (CD) pathogenesis. It is unclear how genetic variation in FXR impacts CD severity versus genetic variation in nuclear receptors such as pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MDR1, ABCB1). To evaluate FXR-1G > T as a genomic biomarker of severity in CD and propose a plausible molecular mechanism. A retrospective study (n = 542) was conducted in a Canadian cohort of CD patients. Genotypic analysis (FXR-1G > T, MDR1 3435C > T and PXR -25385C > T) as well as determination of the FXR downstream product, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 was performed. Primary outcomes included risk and time to first CD-related surgery. The effect of estrogen on wild type and variant FXR activity was assessed in HepG2 cells. The FXR-1GT genotype was associated with the risk of (odds ratio, OR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.58–7.05, p = 0.002) and earlier progression to surgery (hazard ratio, HR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.86–4.83, p < 0.0001) in CD. Female carriers of the FXR-1GT genotype had the greatest risk of surgery (OR = 14.87 95% CI = 4.22–52.38, p < 0.0001) and early progression to surgery (HR = 6.28, 95% CI = 3.62–10.90, p < 0.0001). Women carriers of FXR-1GT polymorphism had a three-fold lower FGF19 plasma concentration versus women with FXR-1GG genotype (p < 0.0001). In HepG2 cells cotransfected with estrogen receptor (ER) and FXR, presence of estradiol further attenuated variant FXR activity. MDR1 and PXR genotypes were not associated with surgical risk. Unlike MDR1 and PXR, FXR-1GT genetic variation is associated with earlier and more frequent surgery in women with CD. This may be through ER-mediated attenuation of FXR activation.