bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined effect of nutrient and flashing light frequency for a biochemical composition shift in Nannochloropsis gaditana grown in a quasi‐isoactinic reactor
Authors: Lima Serena , Villanova Valeria , Grisafi Franco , Brucato Alberto , Scargiali Francesca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractArtificial lighting may be an interesting opportunity for the cultivation of microalgae as an alternative to natural sunlight. In particular, light emitting diodes (LEDs) can be employed to tailor the lighting to the microalgal culture in a controlled mode in order to create flashing light. In order to establish the effect of the flashing frequency on growth and biochemical composition of a model microalga, a quasi‐isoactinic reactor, in which the light distribution is almost homogeneous, was set up. In this work, it was employed for the cultivation of the heterokont Nannochloropsis gaditana in two growth media with limiting and nonlimiting nutrients. The combined effect of nutrient concentration and flashing frequency on the growth, lipid content, fatty acid content, and pigment content was assessed for the first time. The results indicate that both nutrient concentration and flashing frequency influence the above‐mentioned parameters. In particular, under flashing light conditions, an increase of lipid content and a decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and chlorophyll are observed when nutrients are deficient, while the opposite effects are shown when nutrients are abundant.
Evolution of lung pathology in lymphangioleiomyomatosis: associations with disease course and treatment response
Authors: Miller Suzanne , Stewart Iain D , Clements Debbie , Soomro Irshad , Babaei‐Jadidi Roya , Johnson Simon R 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare multisystem disease with a variable clinical course. The lungs are infiltrated by nodules of LAM cells, stromal cells and inflammatory cells, causing lung cysts and respiratory failure. We used immunohistochemical markers in lung biopsy and transplant samples from a national cohort of women with LAM with linked clinical data to understand how LAM nodule cell populations changed with disease progression. Marker distribution was examined qualitatively by dual immunohistochemistry, and markers for LAM cells, fibroblasts, lymphatics, mast cells, proliferation, cathepsin K and mTOR pathway activity were quantitated in LAM nodules and compared with clinical features and prospective lung function loss. The LAM cell marker PNL2 was more extensively expressed in those with higher forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), higher diffusion in the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and less extensive disease involvement whilst the converse was true for the protease cathepsin K. Each percentage increase in cathepsin K reactivity was associated with a 0.65% decrease in FEV1 (95% CI −1.11 to −0.18) and a 0.50% decrease in DLCO (95% CI −0.96 to −0.05). Higher reactivity to the mTOR complex 1 activation marker, phospho‐ribosomal protein S6, was associated with a better lung function response to rapamycin (p = 0.0001). We conclude that LAM nodules evolve with disease progression, with LAM cells becoming outnumbered by fibroblasts. Increasing cathepsin K expression is associated with more severe disease and lung function loss. Markers of mTOR activation predict the response to rapamycin, suggesting that more advanced LAM may be less mTOR responsive and treatments specifically targeted towards LAM associated fibroblasts may have roles as adjuncts to mTOR inhibition.
Gender‐specific association between body mass index and all‐cause mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lyu Si‐qi , Yang Yan‐min , Zhu Jun , Wang Juan , Wu Shuang , Zhang Han , Shao Xing‐hui , Ren Jia‐meng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundElevated body mass index (BMI) is related with reduced mortality in various cardiovascular diseases.HypothesisGender‐specific association between BMI and mortality exists in atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsIn this multicenter observational study with a mean follow‐up of 1 year, a total of 1991 AF patients were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the gender. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality while the secondary endpoints were defined as cardiovascular mortality, stroke, and major adverse events during 1‐year follow‐up. Cox regression was performed to identify the association between BMI and clinical outcomes according to gender.ResultsFemale patients with AF tended to be older (P = .027) and thinner (P < .001) than male patients with AF. They were more likely to have heart failure, hyperthyroidism, and valvular AF (all P < .05), but less likely to have coronary artery disease and prior myocardial infarction (all P < .01). Multivariate analysis revealed that overweight (HR(95%CI): 0.55(0.41‐0.75), P < .001) and obese patients (HR(95%CI): 0.56(0.34‐0.94), P = .028) were associated with significant lower all‐cause mortality compared with normal weight patients for the entire cohort. Similar association between elevated BMI and reduced all‐cause mortality were only identified in female patients with AF (overweight vs normal weight: HR(95%CI): 0.43(0.27‐0.70); obesity vs normal weight: HR(95%CI): 0.46(0.22‐0.97)), but not in male patients with AF.ConclusionThis study indicates that overweight and obesity were related with improved survival in patients with AF. The association between elevated BMI and reduced mortality was dependent on gender, which was only significant in female patients, rather than male patients.
Crystal‐to‐Crystal Synthesis of Photocatalytic Metal–Organic Frameworks for Visible‐Light Reductive Coupling and Mechanistic Investigations
Authors: Gutiérrez Luis , Mondal Suvendu Sekhar , Bucci Alberto , Kandoth Noufal , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Shafir Alexandr , Lloret‐Fillol Julio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPostmodification of reticular materials with well‐defined catalysts is an appealing approach to produce new catalytic functional materials with improved stability and recyclability, but also to study catalysis in confined spaces. A promising strategy to this end is the postfunctionalization of crystalline and robust metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to exploit the potential of crystal‐to‐crystal transformations for further characterization of the catalysts. In this regard, two new photocatalytic materials, MOF‐520‐PC1 and MOF‐520‐PC2, are straightforwardly obtained by the postfunctionalization of MOF‐520 with perylene‐3‐carboxylic acid (PC1) and perylene‐3‐butyric acid (PC2). The single crystal‐to‐crystal transformation yielded the X‐ray diffraction structure of catalytic MOF‐520‐PC2. The well‐defined disposition of the perylenes inside the MOF served as suitable model systems to gain insights into the photophysical properties and mechanism by combining steady‐state, time‐resolved, and transient absorption spectroscopy. The resulting materials are active organophotoredox catalysts in the reductive dimerization of aromatic aldehydes, benzophenones, and imines under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, MOF‐520‐PC2 can be applied for synthesizing gram‐scale quantities of products in continuous‐flow conditions under steady‐state light irradiation. This work provides an alternative approach for the construction of well‐defined, metal‐free, MOF‐based catalysts.
Self‐Supported Vanadium Carbide by an Electropolymerization‐Assisted Method for Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Guo Lixia , Liu Yangyang , Teng Xue , Niu Yanli , Gong Shuaiqi , Chen Zuofeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExploring efficient electrodes toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a great challenge for large‐scale hydrogen production. Owing to its high earth abundance, low electrical resistivity, and small density, vanadium carbide (VC) is a promising HER electrode candidate but has been rarely explored. In this work, VC nanoparticles encased in nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix on carbon cloth (VC@NC/CC) were prepared as a binder‐free HER cathode through electropolymerization followed by carbothermal reduction under argon. In the first step of pyrrole electropolymerization, the VO43− anions, serving as both vanadium source and supporting electrolyte, were homogeneously incorporated in the positively charged polypyrrole (PPy) framework through coulombic interaction. The electropolymerization was effective for preparation of binder‐free metal carbide materials with various polymer monomers as carbon source, which was favorable for the high performance of metal carbide electrodes. During the pyrolysis process, the polymeric hybrids were converted to VC nanoparticles and entrapped in the PPy‐derived N‐doped carbon matrix. The optimized VC@NC/CC electrode exhibited high catalytic activity and durability in both acidic and alkaline media. The use of VC for efficient HER is remarkable, and such a convenient and versatile electropolymerization‐assisted method is appealing for the fabrication of industrially scalable large‐area VC electrodes for efficient hydrogen production.
RhoA/Rho‐kinases in asthma: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets
Authors: Zhang Yan , Saradna Arjun , Ratan Rhea , Ke Xia , Tu Wei , Do Danh C , Hu Chengping , Gao Peisong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAsthma is a chronic and heterogeneous disease characterised by airway inflammation and intermittent airway narrowing. The key obstacle in the prevention and treatment of asthma has been our incomplete understanding of its aetiology and biological mechanisms. The ras homolog family member A (RhoA) of the Rho family GTPases has been considered to be one of the most promising and novel therapeutic targets for asthma. It is well known that RhoA/Rho‐kinases play an important role in the pathophysiology of asthma, including airway smooth muscle contraction, airway hyper‐responsiveness, β‐adrenergic desensitisation and airway remodelling. However, recent advances have suggested novel roles for RhoA in regulating allergic airway inflammation. Specifically, RhoA has been shown to regulate allergic airway inflammation through controlling Th2 or Th17 cell differentiation and to regulate airway remodelling through regulating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. In this review, we evaluate the literature regarding the recent advances in the activation of RhoA/Rho‐kinase, cytokine and epigenetic regulation of RhoA/Rho‐kinase, and the role of RhoA/Rho‐kinase in regulating major features of asthma, such as airway hyper‐responsiveness, remodelling and inflammation. We also discuss the importance of the newly identified role of RhoA/Rho‐kinase signalling in MSC differentiation and bronchial epithelial barrier dysfunction. These findings indicate the functional significance of the RhoA/Rho‐kinase pathway in the pathophysiology of asthma and suggest that RhoA/Rho‐kinase signalling may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma.
New directions in chimeric antigen receptor T cell [CAR‐T] therapy and related flow cytometry
Authors: Maryamchik Elena , Gallagher Kathleen Mary Ellen , Preffer Frederic I. , Kadauke Stephan , Maus Marcela V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells provide a promising approach to the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Flow cytometry is a powerful analytical modality, which plays an expanding role in all stages of CAR T therapy, from lymphocyte collection, to CAR T cell manufacturing, to in vivo monitoring of the infused cells and evaluation of their function in the tumor environment. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the new directions is important for designing and implementing CAR T‐related flow cytometry assays in the clinical and investigational settings. However, the speed of new discoveries and the multitude of clinical and preclinical trials make it challenging to keep up to date in this complex field. In this review, we summarize the current state of CAR T therapy, highlight the areas of emergent research, discuss applications of flow cytometry in modern cell therapy, and touch upon several considerations particular to CAR detection and assessing the effectiveness of CAR T therapy.
An enhanced flower pollination algorithm‐based chaff point generation method with hardware implementation in WBAN
Authors: M. V. Karthikeyan , J. Martin Leo Manickam 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn wireless body area networks (WBAN), device authentication and key agreement are the critical issues. In any real‐world cryptographic system, issues like these can be handled by one of the most practical bio‐cryptosystem schemes popularly known as fuzzy vault (FV). The secret key is encoded in a polynomial equation merged with physiological value and then combined with chaff (noise) points forming the FV. The most critical and computational intensive task in the FV is the chaff point generation, that is used to hide the valid point inside the vault pattern. In this paper, we propose an Enhanced Flower Pollination Algorithm based Chaff Point generation method with Hardware (EFPCH) implementation and have been proved to be a computationally fast and feasible algorithm for hardware implementation. The security of the FV depends on the infeasibility of the polynomial reconstruction and also in large number of chaff point. The existing methods for chaff point generation had taken less number of valid points and generate a maximum of 200 chaff points. But in our experimental result, we generated large number of chaff point (1:12) with a considerable amount of valid points over the existing algorithm. This work describes the key agreement model and implementation step required for identifying External programmer attached to the patient pacemaker. However, existing key agreement schemes have too many computational intensive tasks, making it unsuitable for system‐on‐chip (SoC) implementation. In the result of the described work, a practical SoC implementation of the wireless environment in WBAN is experimented. The results show that our proposed model has a more efficient implementation in generating larger chaff points and performs better than other current methods.
Role of fine‐needle aspiration cytology in early diagnosis of fungal infections
Authors: George Bistees , Rivera Rolon Maria Del Mar , Clement Cecilia G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is an important tool for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of FNA cytology in early diagnosis of fungal infections.MethodsThis was a retrospective study from January 2016 to August 2018. Electronic archives were searched for FNAs from superficial and deep lesions obtained from various sites with the diagnosis of fungal infection. Each case was evaluated for underlying predisposing conditions, FNA source, radiologic findings, culture, and serology results.ResultsA total of 15 cases were identified from the following sites: lung (eight), cervical lymph nodes (four), soft tissue (two), and retroperitoneal lymph node (one). Predisposing conditions were found in 11 patients: HIV (five), malignancy (three), and post‐transplant (three). Imaging impression was mostly malignancy vs infection. In all 15 cases, the diagnosis of fungal infection was done by FNA cytology. The presumptive genus specific diagnoses based on yeast morphology was given in 12 cases (five Histoplasma, four Cryptococcus, and three Coccidioides). The diagnosis of fungal infection was provided within 24 h in nine cases, four during onsite evaluation. Microbial cultures were confirmatory in seven cases, and five cases exhibited negative cultures with positive serology. Out of the 15 patients, 14 were discharged in fair condition, and one died with complications of heart graft failure.ConclusionFNA is a rapid and reliable method for early diagnosis of fungal infections, allowing a prompt and appropriate management, especially in immunocompromised patients. When onsite evaluation indicates infectious process, cultures can be timely done.
Identity and lineage fate of proteolipid protein 1 gene (Plp1)‐expressing cells in the embryonic murine spinal cord
Authors: Guo Shujing , Wang Yan , Wang Aijun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe proteolipid protein (PLP) is the most abundant protein in the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS). The gene coding PLP, proteolipid protein 1 (Plp1) is highly expressed in oligodendrocytes, the myelin‐forming cells in the CNS. Previous studies demonstrate that Plp1 gene is expressed in the embryonic CNS much earlier before the generation of oligodendrocytes. However, the progenitor identity and the fate of Plp1‐expressing cells are still elusive.ResultsWe employed genetic approaches to permanently label Plp1‐expressing cells with the reporter enhanced yellow fluorescence protein (EYFP) and used multicolored immunohistochemistry to characterize their identity and lineage fate. We found that Plp1‐expressing cells were initially present without spatial restrictions and later confined to the ventral progenitor domains of the embryonic spinal cord. Our fate‐mapping results showed that Plp1‐expressing cells during early embryogenesis were multipotent neural progenitor cells that gave rise to not only neurons but also glial progenitor cells whereas they were bipotent glial progenitor cells during later neural development stages and generated oligodendroglial and astroglial lineage cells but not neurons. Intriguingly, postnatal astrocytes generated from embryonic Plp1‐expressing glial progenitor cells were present only in the ventral spinal cord.ConclusionOur study reveals that Plp1‐expressing cells during embryonic neural development display dynamic cellular identities and have a broader lineage fate than oligodendroglial lineage.
Tissue‐specific expression of ribosomal protein paralogue eRpL22‐like in Drosophila melanogaster eye development
Authors: Gershman Brett W. , Pritchard Caroline E. , Chaney Kenneth P. , Ware Vassie C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferences in core or tissue‐specific ribosomal protein (Rp) composition within ribosomes contribute to ribosome heterogeneity and functional variability. Yet, the degree to which ribosome heterogeneity modulates development is unknown. The Drosophila melanogaster eRpL22 family contains structurally diverse paralogues, eRpL22 and eRpL22‐like. Unlike ubiquitously expressed eRpL22, eRpL22‐like expression is tissue‐specific, notably within the male germline and the eye. We investigated expression within the developing eye to uncover tissue/cell types where specific paralogue roles might be defined.ResultsImmunohistochemistry analysis confirms ubiquitous eRpL22 expression throughout eye development. In larvae, eRpL22‐like is ubiquitously expressed, but highly enriched in the peripodial epithelium (PE). In early pupae, eRpL22‐like is broadly distributed in multiple cell types, but later, is primarily enriched in interommatidial hair cells (IoHC). Adult patterns include the ring of accessory cells around ommatidia. Adult retinae IoHC patterning phenotypes (shown by scanning electron microscopy) may be linked to RNAi‐mediated eRpL22‐like depletion within larval PE. Immunoblots and polysome profile analyses show multiple variants of eRpL22‐like across development, with the variant at the expected molecular mass co‐sedimenting with active ribosomes.ConclusionOur data reveal differential patterns of eRpL22‐like expression relative to eRpL22 and suggest a specific role for eRpL22‐like in developmental patterning of the eye.
Fascin regulates protrusions and delamination to mediate invasive, collective cell migration in vivo
Authors: Lamb Maureen C. , Anliker Kelsey K. , Tootle Tina L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe actin bundling protein Fascin is essential for developmental cell migrations and promotes cancer metastasis. In addition to bundling actin, Fascin has several actin‐independent roles; how these other functions contribute to cell migration remains unclear. Border cell migration during Drosophila oogenesis provides an excellent model to study Fascin's various roles during invasive, collective cell migration.ResultsOn‐time border cell migration during Stage 9 requires Fascin (Drosophila Singed). Fascin functions not only within the migrating border cells, but also within the nurse cells, the substrate for this migration. Fascin genetically interacts with the actin elongation factor Enabled to promote on‐time Stage 9 migration and overexpression of Enabled suppresses the defects seen with loss of Fascin. Loss of Fascin results in increased, shorter and mislocalized protrusions during migration. Additionally, loss of Fascin inhibits border cell delamination and increases E‐Cadherin (Drosophila Shotgun) adhesions on both the border cells and nurse cells.ConclusionsOverall, Fascin promotes on‐time border cell migration during Stage 9 and contributes to multiple aspects of this invasive, collective cell migration, including both protrusion dynamics and delamination. These findings have implications beyond Drosophila, as border cell migration has emerged as a model to study mechanisms mediating cancer metastasis.
Hybridization selects for prime‐numbered life cycles in Magicicada: An individual‐based simulation model of a structured periodical cicada population
Authors: Toivonen Jaakko , Fromhage Lutz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigate competition between separate periodical cicada populations each possessing different life‐cycle lengths. We build an individual‐based model to simulate the cicada life cycle and allow random migrations to occur between patches inhabited by the different populations. We show that if hybridization between different cycle lengths produces offspring that have an intermediate life‐cycle length, then predation acts disproportionately to select against the hybrid offspring. This happens because they emerge in low densities without the safety‐in‐numbers provided by either parent population. Thus, prime‐numbered life cycles that can better avoid hybridization are favored. However, we find that this advantage of prime‐numbered cycles occurs only if there is some mechanism that can occasionally synchronize emergence between local populations in sufficiently many patches.