bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planned primary health care asthma contacts during 12-year follow-up after Finnish National Asthma Programme: focus on spirometry
Authors: Takala Jaana , Ilmarinen Pinja , Tuomisto Leena E. , Vähätalo Iida , Niemelä Onni , Kankaanranta Hannu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrimary health care (PHC) providers are at the front line of asthma management. To evaluate how planned asthma follow-up occurred in PHC and whether lung function tests were used, 203 patients were followed for 12 years as part of a real-life asthma cohort Seinäjoki Adult Asthma Study (SAAS). A total of 152 patients had visits in PHC attending on average to four planned contacts during 12-year follow-up corresponding to one visit every third year. National guideline recommends annual visits. Patients with ≥4 contacts seemed to have more difficult asthma and better adherence to inhaled corticosteroid medication. Lung function tests were performed on average in 87.5% of annual planned follow-up contacts. Spirometry was performed in 70%, 71% and 97% of all contacts depending on whether it was a contact to GP, nurse or both. Overall, the frequency of follow-up contacts was insufficient but PHC adherence to lung function testing was excellent.
The global dataset of historical yields for major crops 1981–2016
Authors: Iizumi Toshichika , Sakai Toru 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKnowing the historical yield patterns of major commodity crops, including the trends and interannual variability, is crucial for understanding the current status, potential and risks in food production in the face of the growing demand for food and climate change. We updated the global dataset of historical yields for major crops (GDHY), which is a hybrid of agricultural census statistics and satellite remote sensing, to cover the 36-year period from 1981 to 2016, with a spatial resolution of 0.5°. Four major crops were considered: maize, rice, wheat and soybean. The updated version 1.3 was developed and then aligned with the earlier version 1.2 to ensure the continuity of the yield time series. Comparisons with different global yield datasets and published results demonstrate that the GDHY-aligned version v1.2 + v1.3 dataset is a valuable source of information on global yields. The aligned version dataset enables users to employ an increased number of yield samples for their analyses, which ultimately increases the confidence in their findings.
Tracing the transmission dynamics of HIV-1 CRF55_01B
Authors: Zai Junjie , Liu Haizhou , Lu Zhenzhen , Chaillon Antoine , Smith Davey , Li Yi , Li Xingguang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo investigate the genetic diversity, spatiotemporal dynamics, and transmission networks of HIV-1 CRF55_01B epidemic in China. A total of 209 partial pol gene sequences of HIV-1 CRF55_01B were sampled during 2007–2015 from 7 provinces of China. Phylogenetic analyses and trait diffusion process of these sequences were performed using Bayesian methods. Distance-based molecular network analyses were performed to infer putative relationships. Characteristics of genetically linked individuals were analyzed. Our study identified that HIV-1 CRF55_01B likely originated among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Guangdong province in January 2003 (April 2000–April 2005), and that Guangdong province and MSM are major hubs for the spread of the HIV-1 CRF55_01B epidemic in China. A Bayesian Skygrid plot revealed that the effective population size of HIV-1 CRF55_01B experienced increased phase followed by a plateau. All sequences from persons of unknown risk clustered within groups who reported MSM risk. This could be because Chinese MSM may not report such risk due to HIV/AIDS-related stigmatization and discrimination. This study inferred the transmission dynamics of the HIV-1 CRF55_01B epidemic in China at high resolution. The methods developed in this study may be critical for designing effective HIV prevention strategies in China and beyond.
Uranium in Ohio, USA Surface Waters: Implications for a Fertilizer Source in Waters Draining Agricultural lands
Authors: Lyons W. Berry , Gardner Christopher B. , Welch Susan A. , Israel Samantha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSynthetic fertilizer is a potential source of uranium to natural waters, yet evidence is lacking. We analyzed dissolved uranium concentrations in lakes, reservoirs, and rivers in Ohio, USA during the summer of 2017. All water bodies drain areas of extensive agriculture where phosphate-rich fertilizer is applied. Uranium concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 3.9 µg L−1, with the lowest concentrations observed in the most offshore Lake Erie samples. These results, especially when placed in the context of previous work on both surface and groundwater, suggest that dissolved uranium concentrations in this water emanating from agricultural lands are higher than background, and uranium should be categorized similarly to nitrate and phosphate in that it originates in part from fertilizer application.
Discrimination of bovine milk from non-dairy milk by lipids fingerprinting using routine matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: England Philippa , Tang Wenhao , Kostrzewa Markus , Shahrezaei Vahid , Larrouy-Maumus Gerald 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn important sustainable development goal for any country is to ensure food security by producing a sufficient and safe food supply. This is the case for bovine milk where addition of non-dairy milks such as vegetables (e.g., soya or coconut) has become a common source of adulteration and fraud. Conventionally, gas chromatography techniques are used to detect key lipids (e.g., triacylglycerols) has an effective read-out of assessing milks origins and to detect foreign milks in bovine milks. However, such approach requires several sample preparation steps and a dedicated laboratory environment, precluding a high throughput process. To cope with this need, here, we aimed to develop a novel and simple method without organic solvent extractions for the detection of bovine and non-dairy milks based on lipids fingerprint by routine MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). The optimized method relies on the simple dilution of milks in water followed by MALDI-TOF MS analyses in the positive linear ion mode and using a matrix consisting of a 9:1 mixture of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoic acid (super-DHB) solubilized at 10 mg/mL in 70% ethanol. This sensitive, inexpensive, and rapid method has potential for use in food authenticity applications.
Enhanced purification coupled with biophysical analyses shows cross-β structure as a core building block for Streptococcus mutans functional amyloids
Authors: Barran-Berdon Ana L. , Ocampo Sebastian , Haider Momin , Morales-Aparicio Joyce , Ottenberg Gregory , Kendall Amy , Yarmola Elena , Mishra Surabhi , Long Joanna R. , Hagen Stephen J. , Stubbs Gerald , Brady L. Jeannine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStreptococcus mutans is an etiologic agent of human dental caries that forms dental plaque biofilms containing functional amyloids. Three amyloidogenic proteins, P1, WapA, and Smu_63c were previously identified. C123 and AgA are naturally occurring amyloid-forming fragments of P1 and WapA, respectively. We determined that four amyloidophilic dyes, ThT, CDy11, BD-oligo, and MK-H4, differentiate C123, AgA, and Smu_63c amyloid from monomers, but non-specific binding to bacterial cells in the absence of amyloid precludes their utility for identifying amyloid in biofilms. Congo red-induced birefringence is a more specific indicator of amyloid formation and differentiates biofilms formed by wild-type S. mutans from a triple ΔP1/WapA/Smu_63c mutant with reduced biofilm forming capabilities. Amyloid accumulation is a late event, appearing in older S. mutans biofilms after 60 hours of growth. Amyloid derived from pure preparations of all three proteins is visualized by electron microscopy as mat-like structures. Typical amyloid fibers become evident following protease digestion to eliminate non-specific aggregates and monomers. Amyloid mats, similar in appearance to those reported in S. mutans biofilm extracellular matrices, are reconstituted by co-incubation of monomers and amyloid fibers. X-ray fiber diffraction of amyloid mats and fibers from all three proteins demonstrate patterns reflective of a cross-β amyloid structure.
Direct torque controlled induction motor drive using modified five‐level torque controller for reduction in torque ripple
Authors: Manohar Murli , Das Sukanta 
Published: March 2020

The work presents a modified switching strategy in a five‐level torque controller while implementing a direct torque control scheme for the induction motor (IM) drive. Apart from the presence of conventional full‐voltage vectors, the inclusion of intermediate‐ and zero‐voltage vectors brings in the modification above in a five‐level torque controller. Moreover, the estimation of flux in the scheme is done by machine current model. These adjustments result in the reduction in the torque and speed ripples; and improve the flux regulation in the low‐speed region, thereby obtaining superior low‐speed performance. The performance of the proposed scheme is exhaustively tested in MATLAB/Simulink and further by hardware experimentation with a laboratory‐type setup of 2.2 kW, two‐level voltage source inverter fed IM drive.
Implementation and analysis of ultracapacitor charger in hybrid energy‐storage system for electric‐vehicle applications
Authors: Tseng Kuo‐Ching , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Cheng Chun‐An 
Published: March 2020

The light rail vehicles (commonly known as tramways or lightly laid railways) offer environmental advantages and have evoked an impressive attraction. The hybrid energy‐storage systems efficiently supply energy for the light rail vehicles during the travel. This study implements and analyses an ultracapacitor charger in hybrid energy‐storage system for electric‐vehicle applications. Moreover, an ultracapacitor charger based on a full‐bridge DC–DC converter that utilises a synchronous‐rectification technique and high charging‐current capability is presented. The proposed converter's current‐doubler synchronous rectification reduces the secondary circulating current and recycles the energy of the leakage current to the power‐source lead to further increase conversion efficiency. A prototype of this ultracapacitor charger, with an input voltage of 380 V and an output voltage of 14.6 V, has been implemented; the measured efficiency is 92.1% at a full load of 1 kW. In addition, the experimental results show the highest efficiency is 93.4% at an output power of 600 W. Furthermore, an ultracapacitor of 250 F is charged by the presented converter with a charging current of 65 A, and experimental waveforms illustrate that the charging time of the ultracapacitor voltage from 0 to 14.6 V is within 1 min.
LTE‐based multistatic passive radar system for UAV detection
Authors: Geng Zhe , Xu Renhui , Deng Hai 
Published: March 2020

Using the frequency‐division duplex long‐term evolution (LTE)‐based multistatic passive radar system for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) detection is considered. The typical outdoor terrestrial LTE eNodeBs and the broadband direct air‐to‐ground communications network eNodeBs are used to cover the UAVs at the low altitude and at the medium‐high altitude, respectively. The bistatic range measurements are obtained from multiple eNodeBs, and the hyperbolic positioning technique is used for target localisation. Since the existing LTE downlink signals are more suitable for the transmission of the communication data rather than target detection, a new LTE downlink signal feature termed as target localisation reference signals (TLRS) is designed exclusively for the passive radar application using the Costas frequency coding and the P4 phase coding. Compared with the existing LTE downlink signal features, the TLRS have better waveform properties and could potentially provide much higher target detection accuracy. Meanwhile, the TLRS occupy only 0.266% LTE downlink time–frequency resources within a time frame of 1 s when the bandwidth is 10 MHz and have no negative impact on the normal LTE downlink data transmission.
Optical constants of gamma‐irradiated silver‐doped PVA in the near‐infrared range
Authors: Salah Mohamed , Gad Michael , Elkattan Mohamed , Sabry Yasser 
Published: March 2020

Pure and gamma‐irradiated silver‐doped polyvinyl alcohol ‘PVA’ samples are fabricated, and their optical constants are experimentally determined through the measurement of the reflectance and the transmittance. Using the thin‐film model, an iterative method is used to solve for the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index, in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. The retrieved refractive index values are verified through a comparison between the theoretical calculations and the practical measurements of the transmittance. The refractive index shows a big increase in the absorption loss of the polymer, when compared to pure PVA. This qualifies the fabricated films for new applications such as optical plasmonic circuits, optical absorbers, solar energy harvesting and sensors in the NIR region. More insight on the functional groups that exist in the fabricated specimens is given by Fourier transform spectroscopy in the mid‐infrared range from 400 to 4000 cm−1.
Rossby modes in slowly rotating stars: depth dependence in distorted polytropes with uniform rotation
Authors: Damiani C. , Cameron R. H. , Birch A. C. , Gizon L. 
Published: March 2020

Context.Large-scale Rossby waves have recently been discovered based on measurements of horizontal surface and near-surface solar flows.Aims.We are interested in understanding why it is only equatorial modes that are observed and in modelling the radial structure of the observed modes. To this aim, we have characterised the radial eigenfunctions ofrmodes for slowly rotating polytropes in uniform rotation.Methods.We followed Provost et al. (1981, A&A, 94, 126) and considered a linear perturbation theory to describe quasi-toroidal stellar adiabatic oscillations in the inviscid case. We used perturbation theory to write the solutions to the fourth order in the rotational frequency of the star. We numerically solved the eigenvalue problem, concentrating on the type of behaviour exhibited where the stratification is nearly adiabatic.Results.We find that for free-surface boundary conditions on a spheroid of non-vanishing surface density,rmodes can only exist forℓ = mspherical harmonics in the inviscid case and we compute their depth dependence and frequencies to leading order. For quasi-adiabatic stratification, the sectoral modes with no radial nodes are the only modes which are almost toroidal and the depth dependence of the corresponding horizontal motion scales asrm. For allrmodes, except the zero radial order sectoral ones, non-adiabatic stratification plays a crucial role in the radial force balance.Conclusions.The lack of quasi-toroidal solutions when stratification is close to neutral, except for the sectoral modes without nodes in radius, follows from the need for both horizontal and radial force balance. In the absence of super- or sub-adiabatic stratification and viscosity, both the horizontal and radial parts of the force balance independently determine the pressure perturbation. The only quasi-toroidal cases in which these constraints on the pressure perturbation are consistent are the special cases whereℓ = mand the horizontal displacement scales withrm.
Rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search for glutaronitrile
Authors: Cabezas C. , Bermúdez C. , Endo Y. , Tercero B. , Cernicharo J. 
Published: March 2020

Context. Nitriles constitute almost 15% of the molecules observed in the interstellar medium (ISM), surprisingly only two dinitriles have been detected in the ISM so far. The lack of astronomical detections for dinitriles may be partly explained by the absence of laboratory rotational spectroscopic data.
Aims. Our goal is to investigate the rotational spectrum of glutaronitrile, N≡C−CH2−CH2−CH2−C≡N, in order to allow its possible detection in the ISM.
Methods. The rotational spectrum of glutaronitrile was measured using two different experimental setups. A Fourier transform microwave spectrometer was employed to observe the supersonic jet rotational spectrum of glutaronitrile between 6 and 20 GHz. In addition, the mmW spectrum was observed in the frequency range 72−116.5 GHz using a broadband millimetre-wave spectrometer based on radio astronomy receivers with fast Fourier transform backends. The spectral searches were supported by high-level ab initio calculations.
Results. A total of 111 rotational transitions with maximum values of J and Ka quantum numbers 54 and 18, respectively, were measured for the gg conformer of glutaronitrile. The analysis allowed us to accurately determine the rotational, nuclear quadrupole coupling, quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants. These rotational parameters were employed to search for glutaronitrile in the cold and warm molecular clouds Orion KL, Sgr B2(N), B1-b and TMC-1, using the spectral surveys captured by IRAM 30 m at 3 mm. Glutaronitrile was not detected, and the upper limits’ column densities were derived. Those are a factor of 1.5 and 5 lower than those obtained for the total column densities of the analogous succinonitrile in Orion KL and Sgr B2, respectively.
Linkage von klinischen Primärdaten und Krankenkassenabrechnungsdaten in der Evaluation der Schlaganfallversorgung – SeDaStro: Erfahrungen aus dem Tiroler StrokeCard-Programm
Authors: Gothe Holger , Matteucci Gothe Raffaella , Arvandi Marjan , Hintringer Katharina , Toell Thomas , Oberaigner Willi , Rajsic Sasa , Kugler Joachim , Kiechl Stefan , Willeit Johann , Siebert Uwe 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Und Zielsetzung Datenlinkage-Verfahren sind von erheblicher Bedeutung für die Evaluation von Therapieregimes chronischer Erkrankungen, bei denen Patient/inn/en zwischen verschiedenen Versorgungssektoren navigieren. Ein umfassendes Bild langfristiger Effekte und der Kosten-Effektivität der Behandlung kann nur gezeichnet werden, wenn Daten verschiedener Provenienz miteinander verknüpft werden.
Methodische Probleme und Herausforderungen Am Beispiel der post-akuten Versorgung des Schlaganfalls veranschaulicht die vorliegende Studie, wie per exaktem deterministischem Datenlinkage klinische Patient/inn/endaten (Primärdaten) mit Routineabrechnungsdaten (Sekundärdaten) der Tiroler Gebietskrankenkasse (TGKK) verknüpft werden können. Die von Datenlinkage-Projekten bekannten Herausforderungen traten auch beim StrokeCard-Projekt der Medizinischen Universität Innsbruck auf, insgesamt jedoch begünstigten die Spezifika des österreichischen Gesundheitssystems (ein Großteil der Population ist in der Gebietskrankenkasse des jeweiligen Bundeslandes pflichtversichert) das Datenlinkage-Vorhaben.
Ergebnisse Im Rekrutierungszeitraum 01/2014–12/2015 konnten n=540 Pat. identifiziert und dem operativen Datensatz zugespielt werden. Davon waren n=367 Teil der StrokeCard-Gruppe (d. h. der Interventionsgruppe), n=173 gehörten der Standardversorgungsgruppe an (d. h. der Kontrollgruppe); n=11 Pat. haben das 1-Jahres-Follow-up nicht beendet (n=7 Pat. der Interventionsgruppe vs. n=4 Pat. der Kontrollgruppe); n=7 Pat. verstarben während der Studie (n=5 Pat. der Interventionsgruppe vs. n=2 Pat. der Kontrollgruppe). Für alle 540 Pat. waren TGKK-Routinedaten für 1 Jahr vor Rekrutierung bis 1 Jahr nach Entlassung aus der Klinik verfügbar. Alle Daten konnten für die gesundheitsökonomische Evaluation verwendet werden.
Schlussfolgerungen Mit diesem Projekt wurde die Machbarkeit der Verknüpfung von Primär- und Sekundärdaten unterschiedlicher Herkunft untersucht. Trotz günstiger Rahmenbedingungen hat die österreichische Versorgungsforschung nur begrenzte Erfahrungen auf diesem Gebiet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein unter Datenschutzkautelen betriebenes Linkage gelingen kann und aufgrund der Verfügbarkeit relevanter Informationen aus Abrechnungsdaten eine empirische Bereicherung insbesondere für gesundheitsökonomische Analysen darstellt. Dies sollte als Anregung verstanden werden, in Evaluationsstudien Datenlinkage-Prozeduren in Zukunft in verstärktem Maße einzusetzen.
Comparison of Health-Related Quality of Life in Different Types of
Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Hadadi Mohammad , Heghighat Farzaneh , Hossein Iman 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction People with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have decreased
health-related quality of life (HRQOL), but the differences in HRQOL status
between subgroups of CAI have not been determined. This observational,
cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate and compare physical, social and
psychological aspects of HRQOL in subgroups of patients with CAI.
Methods Ninety patients with CAI and 30 healthy participants were
included. The patients were assigned to 3 subgroups with functional ankle
instability (FAI), mechanical ankle instability (MAI), or mixed functional and
mechanical instability (MIX), based on the talar tilt test, anterior drawer
test, and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool score. Participants completed the
self-assessed Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Tampa Scale of
Kinesophobia-11 (TSK-11), Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), and
Short-Form Health Survey (SF‑36).
Results Significant differences were observed between healthy
participants and each CAI subgroup in regional (FAAM), psychological (TSK-11 and
FABQ) and global (SF-36) measures (p<0,05). The MIX subgroup had a
significantly lower score on the FAAM-sport component, and a higher score on the
TSK-11 and FABQ (p<0,05), than the FAI subgroup. There were no
diffirences between other CAI subgroups in quality of life measures.
Conclusions Patients with MAI and FAI had similar functional deficits in
activities of daily living and sport activities, and greater fear of re-injury.
The MIX subgroup had greater deficits in sport activities and greater fear of
re-injury than the FAI subgroup.
Ddi1 is a ubiquitin-dependent protease
Authors: Yip Matthew C. J. , Bodnar Nicholas O. , Rapoport Tom A. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Many proteins in the cell are tagged with a polyubiquitin chain, which serves as a recognition signal for degradation by the proteasome. Some tagged substrates bind directly to the proteasome, but others are delivered through shuttling factors. Yeast Ddi1 and its homologs in other eukaryotic cells have protein domains typical of shuttling factors, but they also contain a predicted protease domain that is related to those in retroviral proteases. This paper shows that Ddi1 is a ubiquitin-dependent protease, which cleaves substrate proteins only when they are tagged with long ubiquitin chains. Ddi1 is the only known endoprotease besides the proteasome that cleaves polyubiquitinated substrates. Ddi1 might prevent the excessive accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins in cells.
Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis modulate memory consolidation via glucocorticoid-dependent and -independent circuits
Authors: Lingg Ryan T. , Johnson Shane B. , Emmons Eric B. , Anderson Rachel M. , Romig-Martin Sara A. , Narayanan Nandakumar S. , McGaugh James L. , LaLumiere Ryan T. , Radley Jason J. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Memory consolidation following emotionally significant events is enhanced by glucocorticoid hormones. Our report identifies the anteroventral bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (avBST) as capable of bidirectionally modulating memory consolidation in rats following inhibitory avoidance learning. Follow-up experiments revealed that divergent pathways from avBST are responsible for the mnemonic effects of avBST inhibition and stimulation and that they occur via glucocorticoid-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively.