bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased seedlings per hill compensates yield loss due to zero tillage in machine‐transplanted fragrant rice
Authors: He Longxin , Ashraf Umair , Du Bin , Lai Rifang , Luo Haowen , Abrar Muhammad , Tang Xiangru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractZero tillage is a soil conservation technique. However, reduction in grain yield might be caused without the effects caused by tillage at the beginning of planting. Present study was conducted in order to test the hypothesis that increased seedlings number per hill could compensate for yield decrement under zero tillage. A two‐year field experiment was conducted between 2018 and 2019 with two fragrant rice cultivars and three treatments: convention tillage with normal seedlings number per hill (CTNS); zero tillage with normal seedlings number per hill (ZTNS) and zero tillage with high seedlings number per hill (ZTHS). The results showed that lower leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were observed in ZTNS treatment than CTNS treatment. Compared with CTNS treatment, ZTNS treatment significantly decreased the grain yield by 11.80‐26.65%. However, the differences between ZTHS and CTNS for yield attributes (effective panicle number, grain number per panicle, seed‐setting rate and 1000‐grain weight) and grain yield were generally small during both seasons and at both sites for both cultivars. Therefore, our study indicates that increasing seedlings number per hill could be an effective strategy to compensate the potential negative effects on yield formation and grain yield of fragrant rice under zero tillage.
A dead giveaway: Foraging vultures and other avian scavengers respond to auditory cues
Authors: Jackson Craig R. , Maddox Thomas , Mbise Franco P. , Stokke Bård G. , Belant Jerrold L. , Bevanger Kjetil , Durant Sarah M. , Fyumagwa Robert , Ranke Peter S. , Røskaft Eivin , May Roel , Fossøy Frode 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCarrion represents an unpredictable and widely distributed primary food source for vultures and other avian scavengers. Avian scavengers in African savanna ecosystems are reported to rely exclusively on visual stimuli to locate carcasses. However, carnivores’ predation of large mammalian herbivores and subsequent competition for access to the carcass can result in considerable noise, often audible over long distances and for prolonged periods. Vultures and other avian scavengers may therefore detect and respond to these auditory cues, as do the mammalian carnivores alongside which vultures have coevolved, but this has not been investigated to date. Working in the Serengeti ecosystem, Tanzania, we used diurnal auditory broadcasts to simulate predation and competitive carnivore feeding interactions. Based on the current understanding of avian scavenger ecology, we hypothesized that avian responses to call‐in stations would be evoked exclusively by visual, rather than auditory, cues. We therefore predicted that (a) the arrival of avian scavengers at call‐in stations should be preceded and facilitated by mammalian carnivores and that (b) the arrival of avian scavengers would be positively correlated with the number of mammalian scavengers present, which would increase detectability. We recorded 482 birds during 122 separate playback events. In 22% of these instances, avian scavengers arrived first, ruling out responses based exclusively on visual observations of mammalian carnivores, thereby contradicting our first prediction. Furthermore, the first avian arrivals at survey sessions were inversely related to the number of hyenas and jackals present, contradicting our second prediction. Since no bait or carcasses were used during the experiments, these responses are indicative of the birds’ ability to detect and respond to audio stimuli. Our findings challenge the current consensus of sensory perception and foraging in these species and provide evidence that avian scavengers have the ability to use sound to locate food resources.
MitraClip and left ventricular reverse remodelling: a strain imaging study
Authors: Papadopoulos Konstantinos , Ikonomidis Ignatios , Chrissoheris Michael , Chalapas Antonios , Kourkoveli Panagiota , Parissis John , Spargias Konstantinos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study is to identify echocardiography predictors of clinical response and reverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling in patients with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) treated with MitraClip.Method and resultsWe retrospectively analysed 86 high surgical risk patients with severe FMR; of those, 58 were implanted a MitraClip, and 28 received medical treatment and served as controls. At baseline and at 1‐year follow‐up, we performed clinical and echocardiography evaluation to assess global longitudinal strain (GLS) and myocardial work [global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), global work efficiency (GWE)]. Mitral regurgitation was significantly reduced after MitraClip implantation (3.7 ± 0.4 vs. 1.7 ± 0.8, P < 0.001), and the procedure was associated with improvement in brain natriuretic peptide levels (980 ± 1027 vs. 420 ± 338 pg/mL, P < 0.001), New York Heart Association class status (3.2 ± 0.55 vs. 2.0 ± 0.6, P < 0.001), 6‐min walking test (233 ± 154 vs. 286 ± 114 m, P = 0.01) at follow‐up and reduction of left ventricle end‐systolic (LVESV) and left ventricle end‐diastolic volumes (LVEDV) (152 ± 68 vs. 136 ± 43 mL, P = 0.004 & 219 ± 74 vs. 193 ± 66 mL, P = 0.001, respectively). MitraClip procedure was associated with improvement of LV performance and significant increase of GWI (607 ± 282 vs. 650 ± 260 mmHg%, P = 0.045) and GCW (854 ± 288 vs. 949 ± 325 mmHg%, P < 0.001). Baseline ejection fraction (EF), GLS, GWI, GCW, and effective regurgitant orifice area were the variables that were associated with reduction of LVEDV 1 year after intervention (P < 0.05 for all) and baseline GCW of the LV was the only variable associated with reduction of LVESV (P = 0.002). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified that a GLS cut‐off value of −8.65% (AUC 0.815, P = 0.007) was associated with a 20% reduction of the LVEDV with a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 70%, respectively, and that a GCW cut‐off value of 846 mmHg% (AUC 0.759, P = 0.007) was associated with a 10% reduction of LVESV with sensitivity and specificity 79% and 74%, respectively.ConclusionsMitral valve repair with MitraClip has positive clinical and echocardiographic impact in patients with FMR 1 year after implantation. Preserved GLS and GCW values appear to be associated with LV reverse remodelling post intervention.
In situ Growth of a Cobalt‐based Metal‐organic Framework on Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes for Simultaneously Detection of Hydroquinone and Catechol.
Authors: Zheng Shengbiao , Hu Jiaqi , Cui Xue , Hu Tao , Zhang Yuyang , Guo Jiahao , Tang Jing , Wang Xuchun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present study, we report a facile method for preparing a porous MWCNTs/ZIF‐67 nanocomposite with the help of a morphology‐maintained ZIF‐67 in situ growth on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. Interesting, the MWCNTs/ZIF‐67 nanocomposite demonstrated excellent electrochemical activity for hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) attribute to the effective interconnections ZIF‐67 crystals and MWCNTs. The analytical curves for HQ and CC obtained by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were linear in the range from 0.5 to 100 μM. Benefitting from the excellent conductivity of MWCNTs as well as the high surface area and porosity of ZIF‐67, the advanced nanocomposite displayed good reproducibility, high selectivity and excellent stability, and was successfully employed to assay the content of dihydroxybenzene isomers in the lake water samples.
Development of Miniaturized Electrochemiluminescence Instrument using Multi‐pixel Photon Counter as the Optical Detector
Authors: Dai Wanlin , Zhao Wenyuan , Ma Ying , Ye Jianshan , Jin Jiye 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe developed a miniaturized electrochemiluminescence (ECL) instrument coupled with a light‐emitting diode‐based bipolar electrochemical sensor (LED‐BPES). This instrument composes of a microcontroller circuit, a power supply circuit, a potentiostat, an optical detecting circuit, and a communication circuit. The multi‐pixel photon counter (MPPC), which is low‐cost, small‐size, and wide‐range in optical measurements, is chosen as the optical detector. The LED‐BPES composes of a disposable screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and a surface‐mount red LED. Depended on the closed bipolar electrode (C‐BPE) structure, the LED‐BPES not only avoids the employment of unstable and complex ECL reactions but also offers a cost‐effective alternative for the over‐priced ECL reagents by using a mini‐size commercial LED as the luminescent producer. The combination of MPPC and LED‐BPES helps to set up the simplified and downsized instrument system with low price and high efficiency. The presented instrument coupled with LED‐BPES works excellent in electroactive molecules detection and has great potential in the application of heavy metal ions detection.
Performance of Au/Ti and Au/TiO2 Nanotube Array Electrodes for Borohydride Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Jovanović Tiana , Milikić Jadranka , Cvjetićanin Nikola , Stojadinović Stevan , Šljukić Biljana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolarization curves and complex kinetics of oxygen reduction (ORR) and borohydride oxidation (BOR) reaction were evaluated at thin Au layer on Ti and TiO2 electrodes. TiO2 electrodes prepared included amorphous TiO2 (AM−TiO2) and anatase (A−TiO2). The electrodes structure and nanotube arrays morphology were observed by XRD and SEM, respectively. All electrodes show activity for both ORR and BOR. The use of Au layer over A−TiO2 produces the strongest synergistic effect for ORR with exchange of 3 electrons. On the other hand, the strongest effect for BOR was observed in case of Au/Ti.
Effects of reaction parameters on the deoxygenation of soybean oil for the sustainable production of hydrocarbons
Authors: Pimenta João L. C. W. , Barreto Rafael D. T. , dos Santos Onelia A. A. , de Matos Jorge Luiz M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHydrotreating of vegetable oils offers a green alternative to oil‐derived fuels and raw hydrocarbon materials, usually obtained from oil. In contrast to sulfided catalysts, which contaminate the product with sulfur, carbide‐based catalysts are able to produce clean hydrocarbons. A NiMo carbide‐based catalyst, supported on nanometric γ‐alumina was prepared, characterized by X‐ray crystallography, Nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The oxidation temperatures and acidity were also determined. Tests were performed in a batch‐type reactor for the hydrotreatment of soybean oil at 360, 380, and 400°C and 4.5 MPa. Liquid samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with a mass spectra detector. The reaction rate was calculated showing that reactant concentration did not influence deoxygenation rates, nor did the catalyst revealed a significant change in the activity. The product composition was extensively characterized, proving that reaction temperature greatly influences the concentration of aromatic, unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, as well as chain size distributions.
Microwave‐assisted catalytic pyrolysis of theEupatorium adenophorumfor obtaining valuable products
Authors: Cheng Song , Zhang Qi , Shu Jianhua , Xia Hongying , Zhang Libo , Peng Jinhui , Lin Guo , Hu Wenhai , Chen Quan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEupatorium adenophorum, global exotic weed, is used as feedstock in the presence of two catalysts to produce renewable biofuels and green chemicals combining with the advantage of microwave heating and catalytic pyrolysis. The effect of catalyst on yield of pyrolysis products is studied. And the pyrolysis product produced from with and without catalytic pyrolysis is analyzed for performance comparisons. The results show that catalytic pyrolysis tends to produce more bio‐oil and less bio‐gas. The bio‐oil from catalytic pyrolysis has more alkane and ketone, and less carboxylic acid compound compared to non‐catalytic pyrolysis, indicates that catalytic pyrolysis could upgrade the quality of bio‐oil. Compared to bio‐gas of non‐catalytic pyrolysis, the catalytic pyrolysis has larger CO and less CO2content, particularly for Sodium chloride (NaCl) catalyst pyrolysis. The bio‐char of NaCl catalytic pyrolysis has higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and total pore volume. The above analysis indicates that catalysts pyrolysis makes the properties of pyrolysis product tend to good tendency.
Experimental evaluation of the efficiency performance of the DMFC
Authors: Bayramoğlu Mahmut , Ciğeroğlu Zeynep , Kazan Emine Sena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study represents the experimental assessment of the faradaic, fuel, and energetic efficiency of active direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The experimental system was equipped with several sensors, HPLC and UV spectroscopy to make on‐line and off‐line measurements of different components. A polarization study was conducted and an experimental plan was applied to collect the process data during 3‐hour runs. Finally, stoichiometric and various efficiency calculations were performed based on the system and the process data. The results showed that the cell performance was better at higher operating temperatures (70.8 mW cm−2 @75°C). Faradaic efficiency and fuel efficiency were better at low temperatures and estimated as 55.8% and 59.6% at 55°C, respectively. Energetic efficiency was better at higher temperatures due to the faster anode kinetics and was found as 12.3% at 75°C. The efficiencies were strongly dependent on methanol concentration. Methanol crossover was increased with increasing methanol concentration; hence the efficiencies were decreased.
Structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry analysis of historical aerial photography: Determining beach volumetric change over decadal scales
Authors: Carvalho Rafael C. , Kennedy David M. , Niyazi Yakufu , Leach Chloe , Konlechner Teresa M. , Ierodiaconou Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHistorical aerial photographs are an invaluable tool in shoreline mapping and change detection in coastal landscapes. We evaluate the extent to which structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetric methods can be applied to quantify volumetric changes along sandy beaches, using archival imagery. We demonstrate the application of SfM‐derived digital surface models (DSMs) at East Beach and Lady Bay in southwest Victoria, Australia, using photographic datasets taken in 1969, 1977 and 1986, and compare them to LiDAR‐derived DSMs acquired at both sites in 2007. The SfM approaches resulted in two entire and two partial suitable DSMs out of six datasets. Good‐quality DSMs were spatially continuous with a good spread of ground control points (GCPs) near the beach at Lady Bay, whereas unsuitable DSMs were mostly restricted by poor distribution and number of GCPs in spatially segmented areas of East Beach, due to limited overlapping of images, possible poor quality of GCPs and also the propagation of errors in the derived point clouds. A volume of approximately 223 000 ± 72 000 m3 was deposited at Lady Bay between 1969 and 2007, despite minimal erosion observed near the breakwater. The partially suitable dataset of East Beach indicated that beach erosion of at least 39 m3 m−1 occurred immediately to the east of the seawall after 1977. We also discuss the drawbacks and strengths of SfM approaches as a benchmark of historical erosion assessments along sandy beaches. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integral equation method for closely interacting surfactant‐covered droplets in wall‐confined Stokes flow
Authors: Pålsson Sara , Tornberg Anna‐Karin 
Published: May 2020

SummaryA highly accurate method for simulating surfactant‐covered droplets in two‐dimensional Stokes flow with solid boundaries is presented. The method handles both periodic channel flows of arbitrary shape and stationary solid constrictions. A boundary integral method together with a special quadrature scheme is applied to solve the Stokes equations to high accuracy, also for closely interacting droplets. The problem is considered in a periodic setting and Ewald decompositions for the Stokeslet and stresslet are derived. Computations are accelerated using the spectral Ewald method. The time evolution is handled with a fourth‐order, adaptive, implicit‐explicit time‐stepping scheme. The numerical method is tested through several convergence studies and other challenging examples and is shown to handle drops in close proximity both to other drops and solid objects to high accuracy.
High dietary oleic acid in olive oil‐supplemented diet enhanced omega‐3 fatty acid in blood plasma of rats
Authors: Nogoy Kim Margarette C. , Kim Hyoun Ju , Lee Yehyun , Zhang Yan , Yu Jia , Lee Dong Hoon , Li Xiang Zi , Smith Stephen B. , Seong Hyun A , Choi Seong Ho 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary oleic acid in olive oil‐supplemented diets on the blood lipid profile and fatty acid composition in blood plasma and adipose tissue of rats. A total of 60 Sprague Dawley rats with mean body weight of 249 g ± 3.04 g were equally divided into three diet groups: control (CON) contained 10% coconut oil, olive50 contained 5% coconut oil and 5% olive oil, and olive100 contained 10% olive oil. Oleic acid (OA) level was highest in olive100 followed by the olive50 and control. The final body weight (BW) of the rats was significantly affected by the intake of OA, in which rats fed olive100 had the lowest final BW, which signified that OA could be associated with weight loss. Olive oil intake significantly increased levels of the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and exhibited a potential attenuation effect on the glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase and the glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, and a potential role in the reduction of triglycerides in the bloodstream of the animals. In terms of fatty acid composition, significantly high OA was observed in the blood plasma and adipose tissues of rats fed olive100. Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as linolenic (C18:3 n−3), eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n−3), and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 n−3), and n−6 PUFA arachidonic (C20:4 n−6) were also significantly increased in the blood plasma of rats fed olive100. These findings suggest that the intake of dietary high OA may enhance the omega‐3 fatty acid levels in the blood plasma of rats and may have a positive effect in reducing risks to cardiovascular disease, as evidenced by weight loss, increased HDL‐C levels, and decreased TG levels in the blood plasma of experimental animals.
An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Operating Conditions on Anisotropic Electrical Conductivity in a PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Taş M. , Elden G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of the operating conditions on the anisotropic electrical conductivity of diffusion layers in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. For this purpose, two different gas diffusion layers were considered. The electrical conductivity values of the selected gas diffusion layers in both in‐plane and through‐plane directions were examined experimentally, depending on cell temperature, relative humidity and clamping pressure. Resistance measurements were carried out for all combinations of operating conditions where cell temperature, relative humidity (RH) and clamping pressure were changed from 50 °C to 80 °C, from 70% to 100% and from 2 bars to 8 bars, respectively. The results showed that although the relative humidity had a dominant effect on the in‐plane conductivities for both the gas diffusion layers, it did not significantly affect the through‐plane conductivities. The through‐plane conductivities increased with the increase of the cell temperature and the clamping pressure, whereas the in‐plane conductivities did not remarkable change.
Analysis and assessment of a nanoparticle seeded small scale absorption refrigeration system driven by a low‐grade waste heat source
Authors: Modi Bhaumik , Ginoya Ankit , Mudgal Anurag , Patel Vivek 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe thermoeconomic behaviour of a nanoparticle seeded single effect LiBr‐H2O absorption refrigeration system (ARS) is investigated for a small scale application. In the proposed method, alumina nanoparticles with volume concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7% are dispersed into an aqua lithium bromide solution. The multiobjective heat transfer search algorithm is employed to examine the design trade‐off between the coefficient of performance (COP) and total annualized cost (TAC). To analyze the overall performance of the system, the influence of five design parameters, namely the temperatures of the generator, absorber, evaporator, condenser and heat exchanger pipe diameter, are studied. It is found that with an increase in the COP, the TAC of the system is initially raised marginally, and after that, raised rigorously with further increment. The comparative results indicate that the COP and TAC of the nanofluid based ARS system are increased by about 7% and decreased by about 3.2%, respectively, corresponding to the Pareto points of the base ARS system. A lower break‐even point of about 2.6 years is achieved for the ARS system containing nanoparticles compared to the base ARS system. Overall, the ARS system containing 5% nanoparticles is the best solution from a thermodynamic and economic point of view.
Identity‐based motivation: Connections between first‐year students' engineering role identities and future‐time perspectives
Authors: Godwin Allison , Kirn Adam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearch in engineering education has highlighted the importance of identity and motivation for a number of student outcomes, including persistence. However, these constructs have often been studied separately, despite theorized and demonstrated connections between students' identity and motivation in other fields.Purpose/HypothesisOur study fills this gap by investigating the connections between identity and motivation. We specifically examined the connections between students' engineering role identity and future‐time perspective (FTP; a theory of human motivation) theories to understand students' interest in choosing an engineering major after their first year, which we call continuing engineering major interest.Design/MethodsThe data came from a questionnaire distributed during Fall 2015 (n = 2,879). Structural equation modeling was used to understand the connections between the latent factors of engineering role identity and FTP. We also examined the predictive validity of this model on students' continuing engineering major interest.ResultsOur results show connections between students' engineering role identity and the domain‐specific constructs of FTP. Identity was fully mediated by students' FTPs, and these perspectives were important for predicting continuing major interest. Engineering role identity measures explained a combined 69% of the variance in the FTP measures, and engineering role identity and FTP measures together explained 14.2% of the variance in engineering major interest.ConclusionsThese findings provide empirical evidence for linking identity and motivation in studies of engineering students' career pathways. The results of this work inform how theories of identity and motivation can be used collectively in engineering education research.