bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of parturition induction with cloprostenol on immunological parameters in the sow colostrum
Authors: Hlavová Karolina , Kudláčková Hana , Faldyna Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFarrowing induction with prostaglandin F2 analogue cloprostenol is commonly used on commercial farms to manage the timing of farrowing. When labour induction is applied, the questions arise about possible side effects of such a hormonal intervention on physiological processes connected with labour and lactation, including colostral immunity.ResultsIn this study, immune cells composition, lysozyme concentration, complement bacteriolytic activity and proinflamatory (GM-CSF2, IL-1β, IL-6, a TNFα) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ1 a TGFβ2) cytokines were measured in colostrum samples from sows farrowing naturally (NP) and from sows with farrowing induced using cloprostenol administration on day 113 of gestation (IP). A significantly higher proportion of lymphocytes was found in colostrum of induced sows compared to colostrum of non-induced sows. No significant differences between NP and IP were found in complement activity, in the proportions of granulocytes, macrophages and lymphocyte subpopulations. Lower lysozyme concentration and higher IL-1β, IL-6, TGFβ1 and TNFα concentrations were found in IP sow colostrum compared to colostrum from NP sows.ConclusionsAn increased proportion of colostral lymphocytes can positively influence the cellular immunity transmission from sow to her offspring. On the other hand, a lower lysozyme concentration can adversely affect newborn’s intestinal immunity, as well as changes in cytokine concentrations can have an adverse effect on newborn piglet intestinal epithelium development and its defence function.
Does in utero HIV exposure and the early nutritional environment influence infant development and immune outcomes? Findings from a pilot study in Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: White Marina , Feucht Ute D. , Duffley Eleanor , Molokoane Felicia , Durandt Chrisna , Cassol Edana , Rossouw Theresa , Connor Kristin L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs mother-to-child transmission of HIV decreases, and the population of infants who are born HIV-exposed, but uninfected (HEU) continues to rise, there is a growing need to understand the development and health outcomes of infants who are HEU to ensure that they have the healthiest start to life.MethodsIn a prospective cohort pilot study at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa, we aimed to determine if we could recruit new mothers living with HIV on antiretrovirals (ART;n= 20) and not on ART (n= 20) and new mothers without HIV (n= 20) through our clinics to study the effects of HEU on growth and immune- and neurodevelopment in infants in early life, and test the hypothesis that infants who were HEU would have poorer health outcomes compared to infants who were HIV-unexposed, uninfected (HUU). We also undertook exploratory analyses to investigate relationships between the early nutritional environment, food insecurity and infant development. Infant growth, neurodevelopment (Guide for Monitoring Child Development [GMCD]) and levels of monocyte subsets (CD14, CD16 and CCR2 expression [flow cytometry]) were measured in infants at birth and 12 weeks (range 8–16 weeks).ResultsWe recruited 33 women living with HIV on ART and 22 women living without HIV within 4 days of delivery from June to December 2016. Twenty-one women living with HIV and 10 without HIV returned for a follow-up appointment at 12 weeks postpartum. The high mobility of this population presented major challenges to participant retention. Preliminary analyses revealed lower head circumference and elevated CCR2+ (% and median fluorescence intensity) on monocytes at birth among infants who were HEU compared to HUU. Maternal reports of food insecurity were associated with lower maternal nutrient intakes at 12 weeks postpartum and increased risk of stunting at birth for infants who were HEU, but not infants who were HUU.ConclusionsOur small feasibility pilot study suggests that HEU may adversely affect infant development, and further, infants who are HEU may be even more vulnerable to the programming effects of suboptimal nutrition in utero and postnatally. This pilot and preliminary analyses have been used to inform our research questions and protocol in our ongoing, full-scale study.
Investigation of the nutritional value and antioxidant activities of common Bangladeshi edible mushrooms
Authors: Sifat Nazifa , Lovely Farhana , Zihad S. M. Neamul Kabir , Hossain Md. Golam , Shilpi Jamil A. , Grice I. Darren , Mubarak Mohammad S. , Uddin Shaikh Jamal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Mushrooms have been recognized both as medicine and nutritional food in many countries for thousands of years, owing to the presence of significant amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, fibers, and antioxidants. This study aims at evaluating the nutritional contents and antioxidant potentials of seven types of mushrooms cultivated in Bangladesh.

Methods
Proximate composition analysis of the collected mushrooms was performed to determine moisture content, pH, lipid, crude fibre, total ash, protein, carbohydrate content, and calorific value. Antioxidant potential of collected mushrooms were evaluated by mean of eight different methods including total flavonoid content, phenolic content, tannin content, total antioxidant activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, DPPH assay and reducing power capacity.

Results
The results demonstrated that investigated mushrooms were found rich in proteins (20–45 g/100 g), carbohydrate (11–61 g/100 g in dry sample) and fibre (5–40 g/100 g). The ash content was found 6–10 g/100 g and glucose content 54–160 mg/100 g. However, all the mushrooms showed a lower content of lipid (1–4%). Results also revealed that the total antioxidant capacity of the extracts were found in the concentration range of 0.08–0.21 mg/mL, whereas the hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical scavenging activity were 0.88–1.40 and 0.05–0.63 mg/mL.

Conclusion
The findings of the current investigation proved that the studied Bangladeshi mushrooms are good source of nutritional and antioxidant components. Therefore, this study can help spreading awareness among Bangladeshi people regarding consumption of mushrooms as functional foods.
Evaluation of serum14-3-3η protein and Sema3A levels in rheumatoid arthritis: diagnostic and prognostic value
Authors: Darwish Nivine Fathi , Hablas Shymaa Ahmed , Baiomy Nivin Naeem , Rageh El Sayed Mohamed Hamid 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSerum14-3-3η protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as it is a joint-derived proinflammatory mediator. Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) plays an immune regulatory and bone remodeling role in many autoimmune diseases. Their role in rheumatoid arthritis needs to be evaluated for diagnostic and prognostic prospective values.ResultsThe serum level of protein 14-3-3n was significantly higher in patients with RA than those in healthy controls. Serum 14-3-3η has a significant positive correlation with RF and ACPA, but not with either DAS28, ESR, or CRP. Serum 14-3-3η levels were significantly correlated with radiographically assessed joint damage. Serum Sema3A levels were decreased in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to controls. There were also negative correlations with disease duration and activity score (DAS28), ESR, CRP, and RF.ConclusionThe discriminative ability of 14-3-3η was comparable to RF and ACPA enhancing its diagnostic capacity. Sema 3A might serve as a predictive marker for radiographic severity and could have a potential therapeutic role in RA.
Articular manifestations in Egyptian children with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Farag Yomna , Taher Heba , Seleem Noha Mostafa , Fahim Diana , Marzouk Huda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive auto-inflammatory disease. Arthritis in early-onset FMF is a common finding. The aim of this study was to assess frequency of arthritis in 200 Egyptian children with FMF and also to detect its clinical characteristics, response to colchicine treatment, its effect on disease severity, and the most common MEFV gene mutations in patients with arthritis.

Results
We studied 200 children with FMF. We analyzed joint involvement in FMF attacks regarding its clinical characteristics, its effect on the disease severity, and response to colchicine treatment. We found arthritis in 20.5% of the studied population. Most of the children with arthritis had mono-articularjoint involvement during the FMF attack (73.1%), followed by oligo-articularjoint (22%). The knees and ankles were the most commonly affected joints. Arthritis was the presenting symptom in only 4%. We observed redness of the affected joints in 70.7%, and persistence of swelling after the attacks only in 17.1%. The majority of patients (85.4%) had a 75–100% decrease in the frequency of arthritic attacks after colchicine treatment. We did not find any joint disability in all studied patients, and arthritis was only present during attacks. The most frequent MEFV gene mutations in arthritic patients wereV726A and E148Q, each occurring in 28.6%. We observed an earlier age of disease onset and a more disease severity in patients with arthritis (p = 0.031 and p ≤ 0.001, respectively). We also observed that chest pain, erysipelas-like-erythema, and testicular affection were more observed in patients with arthritis (p values 0.001, 0.001, and 0.006, respectively).

Conclusion
This study showed that around 20% of Egyptian children with FMF can develop arthritis during the attacks, which usually runs a benign course. The presence of arthritis can denote a more severe disease course.
Diagnostic accuracy of non-contrast abdominopelvic computed tomography scans in follow-up of breast cancer patients
Authors: Nam Sang Yu , Ahn Su Joa , Jang Young Rock , Chun Yong Soon , Park Heung Kyu , Choi Seung Joon , Choi Hye Young , Kim Jeong Ho 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
To evaluate the effectiveness of follow-up with non-enhanced CT (NECT) in patients with breast cancer.

Methods:
The present retrospective study included 1396 patients with breast cancer. Group A included patients with no metastasis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of NECT in detecting newly developed metastasis. Group B included patients with known hepatic metastasis to evaluate the accuracy of NECT for the assessment of hepatic metastasis.

Results:
Group A included 895 patients (mean age 52.8 years). Among them, 145 patients had 160 metastases. The per-patient sensitivities for diagnosing newly developed metastasis were 68.3 and 53.8% according to the two reviewers, while the per-lesion sensitivities were 89.4 and 85.0%. Sensitivities for bone metastasis were 98.9 and 95.9%, while sensitivities for hepatic metastasis were 73.7 and 68.4%. In group B, the accuracy of hepatic metastasis response evaluation according to the RECIST criteria was 70.8% for reviewer 1 and 63.8% for reviewer 2.

Conclusions:
NECT showed inadequate diagnostic performance in detecting newly developed metastasis and in evaluating the response of hepatic metastasis. However, NECT can be utilized as a follow-up modality in patients with decreased renal function or hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media.

Advances in knowledge:
The risk of side effects of contrast media should be considered as important when NECT can be utilized as a follow-up modality in decreased renal function patients.
Effects of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on functional status and disability in young stroke patients
Authors: Braun Robynne G. , Kittner Steven J. , Ryan Kathleen A. , Cole John W. 
Published: December 2020

Background and purpose
The preponderance of evidence from recent studies in human subjects supports a negative effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on motor outcomes and motor recovery. However prior studies have generally reported the effect of the Met allele in older stroke patients, while potential effects in younger stroke patients have remained essentially unexamined. The lack of research in younger patients is significant since aging effects on CNS repair and functional recovery after stroke are known to interact with the effects of genetic polymorphisms. Here we present a study of first-ever ischemic stroke patients aged 15–49 years that examines the effect of Met carrier status on functional disability.

Methods
829 patients with a first ischemic stroke (Average age = 41.4 years, SD = 6.9) were recruited from the Baltimore-Washington region. Genotyping was performed at the Johns Hopkins University Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). Data cleaning and harmonization were done at the GEI-funded GENEVA Coordinating Center at the University of Washington. Our sample contained 165 Met carriers and 664 non-Met carriers. Modified Rankin scores as recorded at discharge were obtained from the hospital records by study personnel blinded to genotype, and binarized into “Good” versus “Poor” outcomes (mRS 0–2 vs. 3+), with mRS scores 3+ reflecting a degree of disability that causes loss of independence.

Results
Our analysis showed that the Met allele conveyed a proportionally greater risk for poor outcomes and disability-related loss of independence with mRS scores 3+ (adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.13–2.64, p = 0.01).

Conclusions
The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was negatively associated with functional outcomes at discharge in our sample of 829 young stroke patients. This finding stands in contrast to what would be predicted under the tenets of the resource modulation hypothesis (i.e. that younger patients would be spared from the negative effect of the Met allele on recovery since it is posited to arise as a manifestation of age-related decline in physiologic resources).
Elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and predominance of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma prediction of poor hepatectomy outcomes in patients with combined hepatocellular–cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Chiu Tai-Jan , Chen Yi-Ju , Kuo Fang-Ying , Chen Yen-Yang 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesAlthough elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been associated with survival in some liver cancers, its prognostic relevance has not been studied in the context of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma CHCC-CC, a rare primary liver cancer. We investigated whether elevated NLR and a predominance of cholangiocarcinoma might predict poor prognosis in patients with resectable CHCC-CC.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic data of forty-two patients with CHCC-CC receiving hepatectomies at our hospital. We used Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression to analyze survival.ResultsTwo-year disease-free survival and five-year overall survival rates were 43.2% and 32.9%, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that patients with NLR ≥3 had significantly worse 2-year DFS and 5-year OS rates. Univariant Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also associated these rates with a predominance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, AJCC tumor stage, pathological T stage and lymph-vascular invasion. However, our multivariate analysis found NLR ≥3 to be the only independent predictor of disease recurrence and poorer survival.ConclusionsNeutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was the most important independent predictor of poorer survival in patients with resectable CHCC-CC. Predominance of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, advanced AJCC tumor stage and pathological T stage, and lymph-vascular invasion also may affect poor prognosis in patients receiving complete tumor resections.
Associations between serum trace elements and inflammation in two animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Palladini Giuseppina , Ferrigno Andrea , Di Pasqua Laura Giuseppina , Berardo Clarissa , Rizzo Vittoria , Perlini Stefano , Vairetti Mariapia 
Published: December 2020

Background
The comparison of hepatic steatosis animal models has allowed the understanding of mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We investigated the changes in serum levels of trace elements and inflammation markers in fatty livers using two rat models of NAFLD, the methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet model and Obese-Zucker rats.

Material and methods
NAFLD was induced in male Wistar rats by 3-week MCD diet administration, after which, blood samples were collected. 12-week old Obese (fa/fa) and Lean (fa/-) male Zucker rats were also used. Serum levels of hepatic enzymes, Urea, Uric acid, Ca2+, Cl, Fe, K, Na, Mg and Zn were quantified, as well as the inflammation markers TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6.

Results
In MCD rats, a serum increase in Cl, Mg and Na and a decrease in Ca2+, Zn were detected in comparison with control rats. An increase in only serum Ca2+ was found in Obese-Zucker rats. In MCD rat serum, Zn was inversely correlated with IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, Urea and Uric Acid; Ca2+ was inversely correlated with IL-1beta, IL-6 and Urea; Cl and Mg were directly correlated with Uric Acid and Urea, respectively. In Obese-Zucker rats, Cl and IL-1beta were inversely correlated, whereas Ca2+ and Urea where directly correlated, as well Fe and TNF-alpha.

Conclusions
The serum concentrations of trace elements change significantly only in MCD rats, which spontaneously progress to NASH. The causes of these changes may be a result of defense strategies of the organism, which is regulated by immunoregulatory cytokines. These results might suggest that the impairment of trace element status should be taken into account when the effectiveness of a pharmacological treatment is under evaluation.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 and cognitive impairment: The health, aging, and body composition study
Authors: Drew David A. , Katz Ronit , Kritchevsky Stephen , Ix Joachim H. , Shlipak Michael , Newman Anne B. , Hoofnagle Andy , Fried Linda , Gutiérrez Orlando M. , Sarnak Mark 
Published: December 2020

Background
Concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), a hormone that regulates phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism, increase as kidney function declines. Excess fibroblast growth factor 23 may impact brain function through promotion of vascular disease or through direct effects on neuronal tissue.

Methods
In the Healthy Aging and Body Composition Study, a longitudinal observational cohort of well-functioning older adults, intact serum FGF-23 was assayed in 2,738 individuals. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and longitudinally at years 3, 5, and 8 by administration of the Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MSE), a test of global cognitive function, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), a test primarily of executive function. The associations between FGF-23 and baseline cognitive function and incident cognitive impairment were evaluated using logistic and Poisson regression respectively, and were adjusted for demographics, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin/creatinine ratio, comorbidity, and other measures of mineral metabolism including soluble klotho.

Results
The mean (SD) age was 74(3) years, with 51% female, and 39% black. The median (25th, 75th) FGF-23 concentration was 47 pg/mL (37, 60). Three hundred ninety-two individuals had prevalent cognitive impairment by the 3MSE and 461 by the DSST. There was no observed association between FGF-23 and baseline cognitive function for either cognitive test. There were 277 persons with incident cognitive impairment by 3MSE, and 333 persons with incident cognitive impairment by DSST. In fully adjusted models, each two-fold higher concentration of baseline FGF-23 was not associated with incident cognitive impairment by the 3MSE (IRR = 1.02[0.88, 1.19] fully adjusted model) or by the DSST (IRR = 0.98 [0.84, 1.15]. We saw no difference when analyses were stratified by eGFR greater than or less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2.

Conclusion
Intact FGF-23 was not associated with baseline cognitive function or incident cognitive impairment in this cohort well-functioning older adults.
PROVIDING RESEARCH DATA MANAGEMENT SERVICES AND PRACTICES AT PDDI-LIPI: PREPAREDNESS, ROLES, CHALLENGES, AND TRAINING
Authors: Triasih Hermin , Rahmi Rahmi , Devi Katrin Setio 
Published: December 2020

This study aims to analyse the implementation of RDM at PDDI-LIPI and to assess its staff’s understanding about RDM services. This article also discusses the challenges and obstacles PDDI faces in providing RDM services. The data was collected via an online survey from 28 July to 7 August 2020. The survey consisted of 35 questions and was shared with 36 respondents via social media. The results identified categories such as research data management services, data management planning services, data archiving services, funding, and staff competency and training needs. In addition, this article also discusses the approach and assessment of RDM services, challenges in providing RDM services, and plans for further developing RDM services at PDDI-LIPI. The results showed that the PDDI staff's understanding of RDM services is adequate. As a new service, the implementation of RDM at PDDI-LIPI continues to develop toward optimisation. RIN is a platform used by PDDI to support this goal. The three biggest obstacles faced by PDDI-LIPI in developing RDM services are limited human resources, competence and budget. Various trainings related to RDM, both sending staff off campus and inviting trainers to campus, were carried out by PDDI to overcome these obstacles. It is recommended to conduct further research on the mapping and upskilling of staff in charge of RDM services.
De Menores Incapazes e Imputáveis a Sujeitos de Direitos: os Direitos Humanos das Crianças e Adolescentes desde as Históricas normativas Internacionais
Authors: Stolz Sheila 
Published: December 2020

As pesquisas bibliográficas e, sobretudo, normativas levadas a termo e transcritas neste artigo, formaram a base da reconstrução sintética das precaríssimas condições de vida das crianças e de sua exploração como mão de obra barata a partir da Revolução Industrial (1760 e 1850) e, também, das ações que foram realizadas por associações caritativas e profissionais e seus respectivos congressos para o enfrentamento destas condições injustas. Enfoque analítico descritivo que evidenciará que ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX novas concepções sobre a infância e a adolescência foram tomando corpo e sendo integralizadas nos tratados e outros documentos internacionais a ponto de garantirem as crianças e adolescentes o reconhecimento internacional e, também, em âmbito latino-americano, de sua condição humana e, respetivamente, de seus específicos direitos.
The Cost of Clipping—How Much Does Price Matter?
Authors: Pohl Heiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Clip closure is effective for large (≥ 20 mm) nonpedunculated polyps in the proximal colon. The cost-effectiveness analysis by Albeniz et al. found that selective clipping of polyps at a minimum risk (>13% in the United States, >10% in Spain) is worthwhile clipping. Although such model is theoretically sound, clinical practice should be primarily guided by efficacy data. Moreover, the analysis is very sensitive to the high price of clips, which is likely to reduce in the foreseeable future.