bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementary Effect of Maternal Sildenafil and Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Improves Lung Development in the Rabbit Model of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Russo Francesca Maria , Da Cunha Marina Gabriela Monteiro Carvalho Mori , Jimenez Julio , Lesage Flore , Eastwood Mary Patrice , Toelen Jaan , Deprest Jan 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of combining antenatal sildenafil with fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) in fetal rabbits with surgically induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Background:
Although antenatal sildenafil administration rescues vascular abnormalities in lungs of fetal rabbits with CDH, it only partially improves airway morphometry. We hypothesized that we could additionally stimulate lung growth by combining this medical treatment with fetal TO.

Methods:
CDH was created on gestational day (GD)23 (n=54). Does were randomized to receive either sildenafil 10 mg/kg/d or placebo by subcutaneous injection from GD24 to GD30. On GD28, fetuses were randomly assigned to TO or sham neck dissection. At term (GD30) fetuses were delivered, ventilated, and finally harvested for histological and molecular analyses. Unoperated littermates served as controls.

Results:
The lung-to-body-weight ratio was significantly reduced in sham-CDH fetuses either (1.2 ± 0.3% vs 2.3 ± 0.3% in controls, P=0.0003). Sildenafil had no effect on this parameter, while CDH fetuses undergoing TO had a lung-to-body-weight ratio comparable to that of controls (2.5 ± 0.8%, P<0.0001). Sildenafil alone induced an improvement in the mean terminal bronchiolar density (2.5 ± 0.8 br/mm2 vs 3.5 ± 0.9 br/mm2, P=0.043) and lung mechanics (static elastance 61 ± 36 cmH2O /mL vs 113 ± 40 cmH2O/mL, P=0.008), but both effects were more pronounced in fetuses undergoing additional TO (2.1 ± 0.8 br/mm2, P=0.001 and 31 ± 9 cmH2O/mL, P<0.0001 respectively). Both CDH-sham and CDH-TO fetuses treated with placebo had an increased medial wall thickness of peripheral pulmonary vessels (41.9 ± 2.9% and 41.8 ± 3.2%, vs 24.0 ± 2.9% in controls, P<0.0001). CDH fetuses treated with sildenafil, either with or without TO, had a medial thickness in the normal range (29.4% ± 2.6%). Finally, TO reduced gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and surfactant protein A and B, but this effect was counteracted by sildenafil.

Conclusion:
In the rabbit model for CDH, the combination of maternal sildenafil and TO has a complementary effect on vascular and parenchymal lung development.
Medical Device–Related Pressure Injuries During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Martel Tanya , Orgill Dennis P. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:
Medical device–related pressure injuries (MDRPIs) account for more than 30% of all hospital-acquired pressure injuries. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a large population of patients at risk for MDRPIs due to prolonged intubation and prone positioning. We reviewed our experience with MDRPIs during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic at an Academic Medical Center.

CASES:
We evaluated 30 cases of MDRPIs acquired during the peak of our pandemic, April 1 to May 31, 2020, and compared these to injuries seen over a similar time period prior to the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our experiences with MDRPIs during this time has led the WOC team to begin development of a quality improvement project aimed at improving management of high-risk respiratory illness patients requiring intubation and prone positioning.
Psychopathy and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition alternative model of personality disorder: a synthesis and critique of the emergent literature
Authors: Dunne Ashley L. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Including the psychopathic specifier within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD) trait conceptualization of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) represents a significant development in the history of the conceptualization of ASPD and its relationship to psychopathy. This review presents a synthesis and critique of emerging literature pertaining to AMPD ASPD and the psychopathic specifier.

Recent findings
The current review draws attention to the utility of ASPD impairment ratings and traits to effectively measure psychopathy, shortcomings of the psychopathic specifier, research efforts to improve upon the conceptualization of AMPD psychopathy, and ASPD and psychopathic specifier trait complexity.

Summary
AMPD domains and ASPD designated traits converge with interpersonal, antagonistic, and disinhibitory domains of psychopathy but demonstrate poorer convergence with boldness/fearless dominance. The separate assessment of ASPD impairment adds little to the prediction of psychopathy beyond ASPD trait severity. Although the psychopathic specifier maps onto boldness/fearless dominance domains of psychopathy, theoretical and empirical limitations hinder the utility of the psychopathic specifier and reconceptualization will likely be required. Finally, complex ASPD and psychopathic specifier facet interrelationships and diverse relationships with externalizing outcomes suggests the development of advanced interpretive guides for clinical practice should be a high priority.
Advances in early identification of children and adolescents at risk for psychiatric illness
Authors: Raballo Andrea , Poletti Michele 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Childhood and adolescence are a crucial time window for the early identification of perspectival risk for adult psychopathology. This article reviews current advances in the field.

Recent findings
Converging developmentally focused and predictive approaches are rapidly expanding in the field of early identification of children and adolescents at risk for psychiatric illness. Although the former emphasizes early phenotypic trajectories emerging in childhood and adolescence, the latter operate in terms of clinical risk staging. Decisive advances in the field include the metaanalytical evidence of the predictive value of clinical high-risk criteria in childhood–adolescence; the systematization of premorbid manifestations of psychotic vulnerability and bipolar prodromes; the corroboration of certain sets of anomalous subjective experiences as transdiagnostic index of familial genetic risk (i.e., basic symptoms) and early developmental expression of schizophrenia spectrum vulnerability (i.e., self-disorders).

Summary
Childhood phenotypic manifestations of liability to mental disorders are often cooccurrent and undergo a plastic, heterotypic modification along the transition to adolescence. In general, they represent epiphenomenic flags of a broad vulnerability for the subsequent structuration of mental illness. This perspective coheres with the p-factor model of psychopathology and complements the clinical staging model which informs the early detection paradigm of severe mental disorders.
Cell competition between wild-type and JAK2V617F mutant cells in a murine model of a myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Castiglione Melissa , Zhang Haotian , Zhan Huichun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal stem cell disorders characterized by overproduction of mature blood cells and increased risk of transformation to frank leukemia. The acquired kinase mutation JAK2V617F plays a central role in a majority of these disorders. The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment in MPN is heterogeneous with the presence of both JAK2 wild-type and JAK2V617F mutant cells in most patients with MPN. Utilizingin vitroco-culture assays andin vivocompetitive transplantation assays, we found that the presence of wild-type cells altered the behavior of co-existing JAK2V617F mutant cells, and a mutant microenvironment (niche) could overcome the competition between wild-type and mutant cells, leading to mutant clonal expansion and overt MPN. We also demonstrated that competition between wild-type and JAK2V617F mutant cells triggered a significant immune response, and there was a dynamic PD-L1 deregulation in the mutant stem/progenitor cells caused by their interactions with the neighboring wild-type cells and the microenvironment. Therefore, while accumulation of oncogenic mutations is unavoidable during aging, our data suggest that, if we could therapeutically enhance normal cells’ ability to compete, we might be better able to control neoplastic cell expansion and prevent the development of a full-blown malignancy.Key PointsThe presence of wild-type cells alters the behavior of co-existing JAK2V617F mutant cellsA mutant microenvironment overcomes the competition between wild-type and JAK2V617F mutant cells, leading to the development of a MPN
Strengthening marine amphipod DNA barcode libraries for environmental monitoring
Authors: Prasannakumar Chinnamani , Manikantan Ganesh , Vijaylaxmi J. , Gunalan Balakrishnan , Manokaran Seerangan , Pugazhvendan S. R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA barcoding technology is gaining innovative applications. The effectiveness of current DNA barcode reference libraries in identifying amphipod barcodes and/or strengthening the existing library was tested. From 2500 amphipod individuals we barcoded 22 amphipod species belonging to 17 genera, 13 families among which 13 species were first time barcoded. More than 80 percent of the species were new distributional records. The minimum and maximum inter-specific pair-wise distance values was respectively 0.16 and 5.51 percent. Defining family specific species threshold values would be imperative, rather than expecting a universal barcode gap for amphipod species. The overall mean pair-wise distance, nucleotide diversity and Tajima’s statistics were 3.59 percent, 0.27 and 2.62, respectively. There is a strong need to increase the number of amphipod species barcodes in the reference database. For better facilitation of environmental monitoring, the datasets could be exclusively accessed at BOLD throughhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-MAOI.
Divergent DNA methylation signatures of X chromosome regulation in marsupials and eutherians
Authors: Singh Devika , Sun Dan , King Andrew G. , Alquezar-Planas David E. , Johnson Rebecca N. , Alvarez-Ponce David , Yi Soojin V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractX chromosome inactivation (XCI) mediated by differential DNA methylation between sexes is well characterized in eutherian mammals. Although XCI is shared between eutherians and marsupials, the role of DNA methylation in marsupial XCI remains contested. Here we examine genome-wide signatures of DNA methylation from methylation maps across fives tissues from a male and female koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) and present the first whole genome, multi-tissue marsupial “methylome atlas.” Using these novel data, we elucidate divergent versus common features of marsupial and eutherian DNA methylation. First, tissue-specific differential DNA methylation in marsupials primarily occurs in gene bodies. Second, females show significant global reduction (hypomethylation) of X chromosome DNA methylation compared to males. We show that this pattern is also observed in eutherians. Third, on average, promoter DNA methylation shows little difference between male and female koala X chromosomes, a pattern distinct from that of eutherians. Fourth, the sex-specific DNA methylation landscape upstream ofRsx, the primarylncRNA associated with marsupial XCI, is consistent with the epigenetic regulation of female-(and presumably inactive X chromosome-) specific expression. Finally, we utilize the prominent female X chromosome hypomethylation and classify 98 previously unplaced scaffolds as X-linked, contributing an additional 14.6 Mb (21.5 %) to genomic data annotated as the koala X chromosome. Our work demonstrates evolutionarily divergent pathways leading to functionally conserved patterns of XCI in two deep branches of mammals.
Metformin enhances anti-mycobacterial responses by educating immunometabolic circuits of CD8+T cells
Authors: Böhme Julia , Martinez Nuria , Li Shamin , Lee Andrea , Marzuki Mardiana , Tizazu Anteneh Mehari , Ackart David , Frenkel Jessica Haugen , Todd Alexandra , Lachmandas Ekta , Lum Josephine , Shihui Foo , Ng Tze Pin , Lee Bernett , Larbi Anis , Netea Mihai G , Basaraba Randall , van Crevel Reinout , Newell Evan , Kornfeld Hardy , Singhal Amit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDiabetic patients taking metformin have lower risk forMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) infection, progression from infection to tuberculosis (TB) disease, TB morality and TB recurrence. However, a detailed mechanistic understanding of metformin’s protective immunological benefits on host resistance to TB is lacking. In this study, using mass cytometry we show that metformin treatment expands memory-like antigen-inexperienced CD8+CXCR3+T cells in naïve mice, and in healthy and diabetic humans. Metformin-educated CD8+T cells have increased (i) mitochondrial mass, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation; (ii) survival capacity; and (iii) anti-mycobacterial properties. CD8+T cells fromCXCR3−/−mice did not exhibit metformin-mediated metabolic programming. In BCG-vaccinated mice and guinea pigs, metformin enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy againstMtbchallenge. Collectively, our results demonstrate an important role of CD8+T cells in metformin-derived host metabolic-fitness towardsMtbinfection.
LowXISTexpression in Sertoli cells of Klinefelter syndrome patients caused the high susceptibility of these cells to an extra X chromosome
Authors: Zhao LiangYu , Li Peng , Yao ChenCheng , Xing XiaoYu , Yang Chao , Luo JiaQiang , Ji ZhiYong , Tian RuHui , Chen HuiXing , Zhu ZiJue , Deng ZhiWen , Li Na , Fang Jing , Sun Jie , Wang ChenChen , Zhou Zhi , Li Zheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractKlinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common genetic cause of human male infertility. Patients suffer from heterogeneous testicular atrophy with loss of both germ cells and Sertoli cells. However, the mechanism by which the extra X chromosome causes failure of spermatogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we profiled testicular single-cell transcriptomes from three KS patients and compared the results with those of healthy donors. Among different somatic cells, Sertoli cells showed the greatest changes in KS patients. Further analysis showed thatXIST, a key long intergenic non-coding RNA that inactivates one X chromosome in female mammals, was widely expressed in somatic cells, except for Sertoli cells, leading to an increase in X-inactivation genes in these cells, which may cause Sertoli cells death and disruption of the spermatogenic microenvironment. Our study proposed a new mechanism to explain the unique pathological manifestations of KS in the testes and provided a theoretical basis for subsequent research and related treatment.
Prospective Representations in Rat Orbitofrontal Ensembles
Authors: Zhou Jingfeng , Zong Wenhui , Jia Chunying , Gardner Matthew P.H. , Schoenbaum Geoffrey 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been proposed to encode expected outcomes, which is thought to be important for outcome-directed behavior. However, such neural encoding can also often be explained by the recall of information about the recent past. To dissociate the retrospective and prospective aspects of encoding in the OFC, we designed a non-spatial, continuous, alternating odor-sequence task that mimicked a continuous T-maze. The task consisted of two alternating sequences of four odor-guided trials (2 sequences × 4 positions). In each trial, rats were asked to make a “go” or “no-go” action based on a fixed odor-reward contingency. Odors at both the first and last positions were distinct across the two sequences, such that they resembled unique paths in the past and future, respectively; odors at positions in between were the same and thus resembled a common path. We trained classifiers using neural activity to distinguish between either sequences or positions and asked whether the neural activity patterns in the common path were more like the ones in the past or the future. We found a proximal prospective code for sequence information as well as a distal prospective code for positional information, the latter of which was closely associated with rats’ ability to predict future outcomes. This study demonstrates a prospective behaviorally-relevant predictive code in rat OFC.
Conserved amino acids residing outside the voltage field can shift the voltage sensitivity and increase the signal size ofCionabased GEVIs
Authors: Rad Masoud Sepehri , Cohen Lawrence B. , Baker Bradley J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo identify potential regions of the voltage-sensing domain that could shift the voltage sensitivity ofCiona intestinalisbased Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicators (GEVIs), we aligned 183 voltage-gated sodium channels from different organisms. Conserved polar residues were identified at multiple transmembrane loop junctions in the voltage sensing domain. Similar conservation of polar amino acids was found in the voltage sensing domain of the voltage-sensing phosphatase gene family. These conserved residues were mutated to nonpolar or oppositely charged amino acids in a GEVI that utilizes the voltage sensing domain of the voltage sensing phosphatase fromCionafused to the fluorescent protein, super ecliptic pHlorin (A227D). Different mutations shifted the voltage sensitivity in a more positive or a more negative direction. Double mutants were then created by selecting constructs that shifted the optical signal to more negative potentials resulting in an improved signal in the physiological voltage range. The combination of two mutations, Y172A (intracellular loop between transmembrane segments S2 and S3) and D204K (extracellular loop between transmembrane segments S3 and S4) showed the increased the signal size from 2.5% to 13.8% for a 100 mV depolarization. Introduction of these mutations into previously developed GEVIs improved the dynamic range to 40% ΔF/F/100 mV.
Antibiotic tolerance is associated with a broad and complex transcriptional response inE. coli
Authors: Deter Heather S. , Hossain Tahmina , Butzin Nicholas C. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryAntibiotic treatment kills a large portion of a population, while a small, tolerant subpopulation survives. Tolerant bacteria disrupt antibiotic efficacy and increase the likelihood that a population gains antibiotic resistance, a growing health concern. We examined howE. colitranscriptional networks changed in response to lethal ampicillin concentrations. We are the first to apply transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) analysis to antibiotic tolerance by leveraging existing knowledge and our transcriptional data. TRN analysis shows that gene expression changes specific to ampicillin treatment are likely caused by specific sigma and transcription factors typically regulated by proteolysis. These results demonstrate that to survive lethal concentration of ampicillin specific regulatory proteins change activity and cause a coordinated transcriptional response that leverages multiple gene systems.
Sustainable plastic clothing and brand luxury: a discussion of contradictory consumer behaviour
Authors: Kumagai Ken 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis study examines consumer behaviour based on product sustainability and brand luxury. The purpose is to provide strategic suggestions to apparel companies attempting to invest in sustainable development of plastic clothing, as well as implications for marketing and sustainability research.Design/methodology/approachConsumer brand attitude and purchase intention towards sustainable plastic clothing are examined across material types, brand luxury levels and price levels from 315 valid samples collected in Japan.FindingsThe results reveal that sustainable plastic clothing raises brand attitude, indirectly influencing purchase intention. However, the direct effect of sustainable clothing on purchase intention is contradictorily negative. These contradictory effects are especially significant when brand luxury is high. Both brand attitude and purchase intention hardly vary across price levels or material types of sustainable plastic, such as post-consumer bottles versus apparel.Practical implicationsThe results imply that sustainable products are not instantly profitable but contribute to a desirable brand association, especially for luxury brands. An investment in costly closed-loop technology for apparel recycling is found to be commercially disadvantageous. Managers are suggested to discuss this aspect carefully, since it seems partially unprofitable, while sustainable management seems to comprehensively contribute to overall enterprise performance.Originality/valueThe study specifically reveals the luxury effect enhancing, yet contradictory, consumer behaviour towards sustainable plastic clothing. To the best of the author’s knowledge, few studies have examined the relationships between these elements. Furthermore, the study sheds new light on consumer behaviour across recycled plastic types from a marketing perspective.
A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach to assess the enablers of manufacturing flexibility under fuzzy environment
Authors: Mishra Ruchi 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe study aims to assess and prioritise the enablers of manufacturing flexibility by evaluating the degree of environmental uncertainty and manufacturing flexibility in an uncertain environment.Design/methodology/approachThe study proposes a methodological approach based on fuzzy quality function deployment (FQFD), fuzzy analytical hierarchical process (FAHP) and fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (FTOPSIS) to assess and prioritise enablers of manufacturing flexibility in an uncertain environment.FindingsThe study proposes a methodological approach that can facilitate firms to concentrate on preferred enablers and assist them in formulating a strategy to develop manufacturing flexibility. The empirical case study analysis of an Indian auto-air conditioning manufacturing firm was done to illustrate the effectiveness, flexibility and feasibility of the proposed approach.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed approach is limited to manufacturing flexibility. This study does not consider inter-dependencies among environmental uncertainties.Practical implicationsThe proposed methodological approach can assist practitioners in the identification and development of the preferred enablers to improve manufacturing flexibility. Thus, practitioners can invest strategically in the right resources to improve manufacturing flexibility.Originality/valueThe study proposes and validates a methodological approach that simultaneously addresses drivers and enablers of manufacturing flexibility; therefore, it aims to fill the gaps of earlier studies that have majorly studied flexibility concept in an isolated way.