bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of counterstreaming suprathermal electron signatures of ICMEs with and without magnetic cloud: are all ICMEs flux ropes?
Authors: Wang Jiemin , Zhao Yan , Feng Hengqiang , Liu Qiang , Tian Zhanjun , Li Hongbo , Zhao Ake , Zhao Guoqing 
Published: November 2019

Context. Magnetic clouds (MCs), as in large-scale interplanetary magnetic flux ropes, are usually still connected to the Sun at both ends near 1 AU. Many researchers believe that all nonMC interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) also have magnetic flux rope structures, which are inconspicuous because the observing spacecraft crosses the flanks of the rope structures. If so, the field lines of nonMC ICMEs should also usually be connected to the Sun at both ends.
Aims. We want to know whether or not the field lines of most nonMC ICMEs are still connected to the Sun at both ends.
Methods. This study examined the counterstreaming suprathermal electron (CSE) signatures of 272 ICMEs observed by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft from 1998 to 2008 and compared the CSE signatures of MCs and nonMC ICMEs.
Results. Results show that only 10 of the 101 MC events (9.9% ) and 75 of the 171 nonMC events (43.9%) have no CSEs. Moreover, 21 of the nonMC ICMEs have high CSE percentages (more than 70%) and show relatively stable magnetic field components with slight rotations, which are in line with the expectations that the observing spacecraft passes through the flank of magnetic flux ropes. Therefore, the 21 events may be magnetic flux ropes but the ACE spacecraft passes through their flanks of magnetic flux ropes.
Conclusions. Considering that most other nonMC events have disordered magnetic fields, we suggest that some nonMC ICMEs inherently have disordered magnetic fields, and therefore no magnetic flux rope structures.
Ultrastructural study of adult Haemonchus contortus exposed to polyphenol-rich materials under in vivo conditions in goats
Authors: Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano Cintli , Torres-Acosta Juan Felipe de Jesús , Fourquaux Isabelle , Sandoval-Castro Carlos Alfredo , Hoste Hervé 
Published: November 2019

This study assessed the ultrastructural changes caused in adult Haemonchus contortus obtained from goats fed fodder based on polyphenol-rich plants Lysiloma latisiliquum or Onobrychis viciifolia or from goats drenched with quebracho extract, Schinopsis spp. The H. contortus were obtained from artificially infected goats used as models to investigate the anthelmintic effect of feeding or drenching with the polyphenol-rich materials. Nematode populations were exposed to polyphenol-rich plant materials by feeding host goats for 8 consecutive days (D28 to D35 post-infection) with (a) L. latisiliquum fodder at 800 g fresh basis/day, (b) O. viciifolia fodder offered ad libitum, and (c) drenched with a solution containing quebracho extract (90 g/day). Meanwhile, control H. contortus were obtained from goats fed polyphenol-free diets. The H. contortus specimens were recovered from the goats on D36 post-infection, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify ultrastructural changes. In vivo exposure to different polyphenol-rich plant materials caused vacuolization of the nematodes’ intestinal, muscular and hypodermal cells. These alterations represent the first evidence of cell damage caused in H. contortus when hosts were fed or drenched with polyphenol-rich materials. Ultrastructural changes affecting several types of cells could explain modifications in worm motility and nutrition, eventually affecting H. contortus reproductive success. This study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of action of polyphenol-rich plants against H. contortus when given as nutraceuticals to goats.
Eosinophile Ösophagitis Update 2017: Neue Leitlinien der europäischen Studiengruppe EUREOS
Authors: Miehlke Stephan , Schlag Christoph , Storr Martin , von Arnim Ulrike 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie eosinophile Ösophagitis gilt heute als eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen der Speiseröhre und eine der häufigsten Ursachen für Dysphagie und Bolusobstruktion bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Die zunehmende Bedeutung dieser Erkrankung und neue klinisch-wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse erforderten eine Aktualisierung der bis dato existierenden internationalen Leitlinien. Die europäische Studiengruppe Eosinophile Ösophagitis (EUREOS) hat daher, erstmals unter Verwendung der GRADE-Technik (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) mit Beteiligung aller relevanten Fachdisziplinen auf der Basis einer systematischen Literaturrecherche bis August 2015 neue Leitlinien zum Management der eosinophilen Ösophagitis bei Kindern und Erwachsenen erarbeitet. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die wichtigsten Neuerungen und klinische relevanten Empfehlungen der neuen Leitlinie zusammenzufassen und zu kommentieren.
Rheumatologische Erkrankungen und Schlaf – Schlafmedizinische Aspekte der Diagnostik und Therapie – Eine literaturbasierte Übersicht
Authors: Knaack Lennart , Janicki Jaroslaw 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungZiel des auf einer PubMed-Recherche basierenden Übersichtsartikels ist es, die Schlafphysiologie und die pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge von rheumatologischen Erkrankungen und primären sowie sekundären Schlafstörungen darzustellen. Dabei werden die somnologische Diagnostik und Therapie als ergänzende Verfahren in die rheumatologische Behandlungsstrategie eingebunden.
Epidemiologie 70 % aller Rheumapatienten berichten über einen verkürzten, oberflächlichen und wenig erholsamen Schlaf. Zudem treten bei über 20 % der Erkrankungen primäre Schlafstörungen, z. B. das Schlafapnoe- und Restless Legs Syndrom, auf.
Pathogenese Primäre und sekundäre Schlafstörungen können rheumaassoziierte Symptome wie Tagesschläfrigkeit, Fatigue und Depressivität, aber auch die Schmerzintensität und Krankheitsaktivität verstärken. Umgekehrt verschlechtern Schmerzintensität und inflammatorische Marker die Schlafqualität regelhaft. Bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen können neben einer Adipositas auch krankheitsspezifische skelettale Faktoren für ein Obstruktives Schlafapnoesyndrom (OSAS) prädisponieren. Das rheumatologisch komorbide auftretende Restless Legs Syndrom (RLS) mindert die Schlafqualität durch eine sensorisch bedingte Schlafstörung, sowie schlaffragmentierende periodische Beinbewegungen.
Messverfahren Die somnologische Diagnostik umfasst introspektive Fragebögen und objektive Tests zu Reaktionsvermögen und Vigilanz. Komorbide auftretende Schlafbezogene Atmungs- und Bewegungsstörungen werden im Sinne eines apparativen und polygrafischen Screenings identifiziert. Mittels Polysomnografie im Schlaflabor erfolgt die spezifische Diagnosestellung und Therapieeinleitung sowie deren Kontrolle.
Therapie Primäre und sekundäre Schlafstörungen bei RA-Erkrankungen werden verhaltenstherapeutisch, medikamentös (Insomnie und RLS) und apparativ (OSAS) behandelt. Eine suffiziente Diagnostik und Behandlung von Schlafstörungen bei rheumatologischen Erkrankungen beinhaltet eine koordinierte und interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit der einzelnen medizinischen Fachgebiete.
Tinnitus oftmals mit temporomandibulärer Dysfunktion assoziiert
Authors: Hilger Gregor 
Published: November 2019

Omidvar S et al. Association Between Tinnitus and Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019; 128: 662–675
Tinnitus ist eines der häufigsten otologischen Symptome bei Patienten mit Kiefergelenkserkrankungen. Iranische Ärzte durchsuchten die Literatur, um den möglichen Zusammenhang zwischen Tinnitus und der temporomandibulären Dysfunktion (TMD) darzustellen.
Chronic gastric ulcer disease complicating selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in a patient with cholangiocellular carcinoma
Authors: Blesl Andreas , Brcic Iva , Jaschke Werner , Öfner Dietmar , Fickert Peter , Plank Johannes 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSelective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is a therapeutic option for primary and metastatic liver tumors. Microspheres containing Yttrium 90, a beta-emitting radionuclide, are administered into the hepatic artery allowing selective internal radiation of a liver tumor. SIRT-related complications may appear due to migration of the radiation microspheres to organs distant from the tumor site. In order to prevent these complications, unintended non target embolization of Yttrium microspheres has to be avoided. However, data from external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) suggests that the stomach/small bowel may actually be less radiosensitive than the liver. Gastric ulcers, a well-known SIRT-related complication, may therefore not only be caused by local radiation but also by unusual accumulation of microspheres in the submucosa and small vessel damage. We herein report a more than two- year-long persisting, highly symptomatic, non-neoplastic ulceration of the gastric antrum leading to pyloric stenosis caused by SIRT therapy with Yttrium 90 microspheres for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. The chronic courses of the ulcer disease together with the specific histological features highlight the pivotal role of radiation-induced small vessel damage in SIRT-induced adverse events.
Serrated polyp detection rate and advanced adenoma detection rate from a US multicenter cohort
Authors: Klair Jagpal S. , Ashat Munish , Johnson Dane , Arora Sumant , Onteddu Nirmal , Machain Palacio Jose G. , Samuel Ronald , Bilal Mohammad , Buddam Avanija , Gupta Ashutosh , Gunderson Alan , Guturu Praveen , Soota Kaartik , Chandra Subhash , Murali Arvind R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Interval colorectal cancers may be associated with a low serrated polyp detection rate (SDR) and advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR). We aimed to determine the SDR and AADR for endoscopists in a United States multicenter cohort.
Methods We included average-risk screening colonoscopies from five medical centers in the United States. Endoscopists with data on at least 100 average-risk screening colonoscopies were included. We calculated median SDR and AADR for endoscopists with adequate adenoma detection rates (ADRs) > 25 %. We analyzed the relationship between ADR and SDR, and between ADR and AADR using nonparametric Spearman correlation coefficients, scatter plots, and linear regression.
Results We included 3513 screening colonoscopies performed by 26 gastroenterologists. The mean age of patients was 56.8 years (SD 7.4) and 1585 (45 %) were male. All but one endoscopist had an ADR above 25 %. There was a significant positive but modest correlation between ADR and SDR (rho = 0.67, P < 0.01), and between ADR and AADR (rho = 0.56, P < 0.01). For endoscopists with an adequate ADR, median (interquartile range) ADR was 43 % (32.0 % – 48.6 %), median SDR was 8.4 % (7.3 % – 11.4 %), and median AADR was 9.3 % (6.4 % – 12.6 %).
Conclusion A significant percentage of endoscopists have either a low SDR or low AADR despite an adequate ADR, justifying the need for separate SDR and AADR benchmarks. Based on our multicenter cohort, endoscopists with adequate ADRs had a median SDR and median AADR of about 8 % and 9 %, respectively.
Impact of Maternal Obesity on Perinatal Outcomes in Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes ≥34 Weeks
Authors: Lynch Tara A. , Malshe Amol , Colihan Sarah , Meyers Jeffrey , Li Dongmei , Holloman Conisha , Soto-Torres Eleazar , Olson-Chen Courtney 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to compare pregnancy outcomes in obese and nonobese women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) ≥34 weeks.
Study Design The present study is a secondary analysis of a multicenter retrospective cohort of singletons with PPROM from 2011 to 2017. Women with a delivery body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 (obese) were compared with women with a BMI < 30 kg/m2 (nonobese). Pregnancies were stratified based on delivery policies of expectant management until 35 weeks versus immediate delivery ≥34 weeks. The primary outcome was a composite neonatal outcome (neonatal sepsis, antibiotic administration for duration >72 hours after delivery or respiratory support). Univariate analysis and general estimating equations models including maternal age, delivery timing, mode of delivery, hospital, and gestational age were used with p < 0.05 level of significance.
Results Among 259 pregnancies, 47% were obese. Pregnant women with obesity had increased composite neonatal outcome versus nonobese pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.48 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–2.17]). Obesity was also associated with increased neonatal antibiotic administration for a duration >72 hours after delivery, respiratory support, ventilation, oxygen supplementation, and surfactant administration. When stratified by delivery policies there was no significant difference in perinatal outcomes based on obesity.
Conclusion Obese women with PPROM ≥34 weeks have an increased odds of adverse neonatal respiratory and infectious outcomes compared with nonobese women.
Intra- and Inter-Rater Agreement between X-Ray Views for Umbilical Catheter Position
Authors: Doreswamy Srinivasa Murthy , Thomas Sumesh , Dutta Sourabh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective We determined intra- and inter-rater agreement for umbilical arterial/venous catheter (umbilical arterial catheter [UAC] and umbilical venous catheter [UVC], respectively) positions on supine anteroposterior (AP) and horizontal dorsal decubitus (HDD) X-ray views to determine whether two views are routinely required.Study Design This retrospective study was conducted in McMaster University, Canada. Pairs of AP and HDD radiographs were coded and rated in random sequence by two experienced raters. Primary outcome was intra-rater agreement (κ) between AP and HDD views for UVC catheter tip position. Secondary outcomes included inter-rater κ for UVC position; inter- and intra-rater κ for UAC position, inter- and intra-rater κ for follow-up action. To detect κ of 0.8 (width of 95% confidence interval = 0.1), 138 radiograph pairs were required.Results Intra-rater agreement tended to be higher for UVC versus UAC position (Rater#1: κ = 0.44 vs. 0.16, respectively, p = 0.08; and #2: κ = 0.56 vs. 0.47, respectively, p = 0.5). Inter-rater agreement was higher on AP versus HDD view for UVC position (κ = 0.6 vs. 0.29, respectively, p = 0.03) and action recommended for UVC (κ = 0.61 and 0.19, respectively, p < 0.001).Conclusion AP is superior to HDD view for UVC.
Investigating the preferences of older adults concerning the design elements of a companion robot
Authors: Oh Young Hoon , Kim Jaewoong , Ju Da Young 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearchers have reported that companion robots have had positive effects on older adults with depression. However, there has been little quantitative analysis on the relationship between robot design and depression. To address this, we surveyed 191 older adults and investigated the impact of age, gender and depression level on design preferences for companion robots. We focused on toy-sized companion robots and evaluated three design elements: type, weight and material. The findings show that baby-type robots were the most preferred by older adults. They favoured the lightest weights and microfibre materials, regardless of the independent variables. Moreover, robot weight preferences varied significantly with the level of depression. Highly depressed older adults disliked heavy robots. These preliminary findings suggest that companion robots need to be designed with careful consideration of their physical characteristics and potential psychological effects.
Scholarly soundbites
Authors: Rowley-Jolivet Elizabeth , Carter-Thomas Shirley 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study investigates a recent web-enabled feature, the use of brief audio/video recordings for the communication of scientific research findings to a non-specialized audience, and discusses the implications of these “scholarly soundbites” for genre evolution in the digital environment and for the mediatization of science. We focus on four types of audiovisual material, all characterized by their brevity: Three-Minute Thesis presentations, author videos, and podcasts on a popular science and a research journal website. An analysis of the moves and of the recontextualization strategies used to manage the knowledge asymmetry between scientists and audience highlights differences between the four types of soundbites as well as with the corresponding written genres (research articles, PhD dissertations).
Understanding ‘clause’ as an emergent ‘unit’ in everyday conversation
Authors: Thompson Sandra A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLinguists generally assume ‘clause’ to be a basic unit for the analysis of grammatical structure. Data from natural conversations, however, suggests that ‘clause’ may not be grammaticized to the same extent across languages. Understanding ‘clause’ as a predicate (plus any arguments, inferred or expressed), we can show that participants do indeed organize their talk around ‘clauses’. I argue that English-speaking participants in everyday interaction do indeed orient to clausal units as so defined, by building their turns around predicates, and that these turns do key interactional work. The data further reveal that these units must be understood as emergent structures, recurrent patterns in a given language that emerge from humans pursuing their ordinary interactional business of communicating information, needs, identities, attitudes, and desires.
The grammatical-lexical distinction in Chinese aspectual markers
Authors: Sun Linlin , Boye Kasper 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses the grammatical-lexical distinction based onBoye and Harder (2012)in the class of aspectual markers in Chinese and aims to decide whether these markers are grammatical or lexical in a theoretically anchored sense. To accomplish this, the language-general criteria proposed inBoye and Harder (2012)are translated into Chinese-specific criteria for diagnosing grammatical vs. lexical status, and these translated criteria are then applied to Chinese aspect markers in a questionnaire-based survey in order to test whether these markers are lexical or grammatical. Our classification of the Chinese markers tested is then compared with a traditional classification based on grammaticalization features (Lehmann 2015). The results support an integration of the two ways of approaching the grammatical-lexical distinction.
Reversedang-inversion and narrow focus marking in Tagalog
Authors: Nuhn Patrick 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn Tagalog, an argument that is in narrow focus can be fronted to the clause initial position, deviating from the default verb-initial word order. This so-calledang-inversion has been claimed to be obligatory (Nagaya, 2007) or at least the go-to strategy (Kaufman, 2005) of encoding narrow focus. There is, however, an alternative that has so far received little attention in the literature: reversedang-inversion. Structurally, this construction can be understood as the result of combining two inversion constructions:ang-inversion anday-inversion. As a consequence, the focal constituent appears at the end of the sentence rather than at the beginning.This article presents spoken data elicited during field work as well as written data on reversedang-inversion. Comparing the use of regular and reversedang-inversion indicates that discourse-structural considerations play an important role in construction choice between the two.
Differential nominal marking in Circassian
Authors: Arkadiev Peter M. , Testelets Yakov G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper we describe a peculiar pattern of case alternation from the polysynthetic Circassian (West Caucasian) languages, where specificity-driven differential marking of noun phrases is attested in all syntactic positions and with the absolutive and the oblique cases alike. We call this phenomenon differential nominal marking (DNM). We show that the presenсe resp. absenсe of overt case marking in Circassian fits in the two-level (DP vs. NP) structural model for nominal constructions and is in some ways similar to the phenomenon of pseudo-incorporation described for various languages with differential object marking. For instance, unmarked nominals in Circassian show number-neutrality and scope inertness with respect to negation and quantifiers. However, DNM in Circassian crucially differs from all known instances of pseudo-incorporation or case alternation in that it is not restricted to any particular syntactic position. We argue that this feature of the Circassian DNM calls all the existing approaches (both functionalist and generative) to the phenomenon of differential case marking in question.
Euphausia pacifica as a source of 8(R)-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid (8R-HEPE), 8(R)-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (8R-HETE) and 10(R)-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid (10R-HDHA)
Authors: Yamada Hidetoshi , Kumagai Kanako , Uemura Aiko , Yuki Sayaka 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Although not fully investigated, 8-HEPE, 8-HETE, and 10-HDHA have potentially beneficial effects for human health. Euphausia pacifica (North Pacific krill) is unique in containing several ppm level of 8R-HEPE, and sub-ppm levels of 8R-HETE and 10R-HDHA. Obtaining sufficient quantities of these compounds is a major bottleneck for conducting in vivo experiments to evaluate their biological activities. In this study, we examined an efficient way of obtaining 8R-HEPE, 8R-HETE, and 10R-HDHA by enzymatic production in E. pacifica. We devised a novel method to purify 199.4 mg of 8R-HEPE, 2.1 mg of 8R-HETE and 5.6 mg of 10R-HDHA from 1 kg of E. pacifica. We identified the stereochemistry of the hydroxy group at C-8 of HEPE and HETE and C-10 of HDHA as the R configuration by chiral column chromatography analysis using LC/QTOFMS.
Abbreviations: 8-HEPE: 8-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid; 8-HETE: 8-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid; 10-HDHA: 10-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; TLC-FID, thin layer chromatograph-Flame Ionization Detector; LC/QTOFMS: liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry.
Density matrix simulation of quantum error correction codes for near-term quantum devices
Authors: Baek Chungheon , Ostuka Tomohiro , Tarucha Seigo , Choi Byung-Soo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires many qubits with long lifetimes and accurate quantum gate operations. However, external noise limits the computing time and hampers accurate quantum gate operations. Quantum error correction (QEC) codes may extend such limits, but imperfect gate operations during QEC cause errors, which could cancel out QEC. We used density matrix simulations to examine the performance of QEC codes with five qubits. In current quantum devices, less than ten qubits are needed to conduct sufficient gate operations within their lifetime so that it is feasible to implement QEC codes. We analyzed the maximum tolerable error rate and error correction effect of individual QEC codes according to the qubit arrangement and gate accuracy. Assuming a 0.1% gate error probability, a logical

∣
1
〉

state encoded by a five-qubit QEC code is expected to have a 0.25 higher fidelity than its physical counterpart.