bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocenter study on epidemiology, outcomes, and risk factors of infections in recipients of 166 allogeneic stem cell transplantations during 1 year
Authors: Samek Markus , Iversen Katharina , Belmar Campos Cristina , Berneking Laura , Langebrake Claudia , Wolschke Christine , Ayuk Francis , Kröger Nicolaus , Christopeit Maximilian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesDuring allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT), infections significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. A monocentric prospective analysis was performed to assess epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of infections during the peri‐transplant period.MethodsData were recorded prospectively using a predefined questionnaire.ResultsIn 2015, 163 consecutive patients, 37.4% female, median age 59 (range 18‐79) years received 166 allo‐SCT. Median duration of leukopenia <109/L was 14.5 days (range 4‐43 days). Fever of unknown origin (FUO) occurred in 118/166 patients (71.1%). Severe sepsis developed in 95, and septic shock developed in 26 patients. Intensive diagnostic workup helped to identify causative microorganisms only in a small number of infectious courses. All but 13 patients needed antibiotic therapy, each according to the standard operating procedures of the department. Cumulative incidence of death by infection after 1 year was 16.6% (95% CI: 11.3‐22.7). The only risk factor for FUO in neutropenia was duration of neutropenia </≥14 days (55.4% vs 85.5%, P < .001).ConclusionResults of an elaborate diagnostic workup of infections in the peri‐transplant period are scarce. Attention to risk factors might help to identify patients at risk for severe infections.
An adaptive stacked hourglass network with Kalman filter for estimating 2D human pose in video
Authors: Hu Tao , Xiao Chunxia , Min Geyong , Najjari Noushin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne of the main challenges in computer science and image processing is 2D human pose estimation. Specifically, occlusion and in particular occlusion of human joints caused by camera angle are of paramount importance. In this paper, a new highly accurate network was proposed that can estimate 2D human poses in video images using deep learning. We employ the Single Shot MultiBox Detector network to detect the centre position of each human within a video frame and then use the stacked hourglass network to estimate the 2D human pose. We approximate the human motion as a linear motion between different frames in a certain period; and optimize the human centres based on the local outlier factor and Kalman filters. The same method is applied to optimize the human pose estimations in video, which can address the inaccurate prediction caused by human joints occlusion. The proposed adaptive network is tested using the two well‐known benchmarks for human pose estimation (MPII and Joint‐annotated Human Motion Data Base datasets), and we also generate some 2D human pose estimating qualitative results of single and multiple people in Internet videos. The experimental results show that the proposed network has strong practicability and can achieve high accuracy on adaptive estimating the 2D human pose in video.
The practical and symbolic regulation of multi‐parenthood
Authors: Bureau Marie‐Christine , Rist Barbara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is assumed that multi‐parenthood continues to be a very minor form of family organisation, even among same‐sex couples. Nevertheless there is a great variety of situations within these minority configurations, which can be characterised by various linkages between couple relationships and parenthood relationships. Moreover, the families in question invent tools and rituals which allow daily situations to be regulated and new family narratives to be constructed. It must be stressed that these inventions require significant material and cultural resources. While practical regulation is fairly similar in the case of all blended families, symbolic regulation is both simpler and more difficult, according to the family configurations involved. Indeed, co‐parenthood avoids the consequences of couples breaking up, which often alters the life of blended families. In contrast, symbolisation requires much imagination. Above all, the absence of any legal recognition of “additional” parents remains a permanent source of insecurity and tension.
Ivermectin suppresses tumour growth and metastasis through degradation of PAK1 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Liang , Bi Shuning , Wei Qiuren , Zhao Zhijun , Wang Chaojie , Xie Songqiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most common form of oesophageal malignancies in the Asia‐Pacific region, remains a major clinical challenge. In this study, we found that ivermectin, an effective antiparasitic drug that has been approved for patients to orally treat onchocerciasis for over 30 years, displayed potent antitumour activity against ESCC cells in vitro and in nude mice. We demonstrated that ivermectin significantly inhibited cell viability and colony formation, and induced apoptosis through a mitochondrial‐dependent manner in ESCC cells. Ivermectin also abrogated ESCC cell migration, invasion, as well as the protein levels of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. Mechanistically, ivermectin strongly inhibited the expression of PAK1; by further gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments, we confirmed that PAK1 played a crucial role in ivermectin‐mediated inhibitory effects on ESCC cells. In addition, the data indicated that ivermectin promoted PAK1 degradation through the proteasome‐dependent pathway. Additionally, ivermectin synergized with chemotherapeutic drugs including cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil to induce apoptosis of ESCC cells. Interestingly, the in vivo experiments also confirmed that ivermectin effectively suppressed tumour growth and lung metastasis of ESCC. Collectively, these results indicate that ivermectin exerts a potent antitumour activity against ESCC and is a promising therapeutic candidate drug for ESCC patients, even those carrying metastasis.
Machine‐Learning prediction of comorbid substance use disorders in ADHD youth using Swedish registry data
Authors: Zhang‐James Yanli , Chen Qi , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundChildren with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have a high risk for substance use disorders (SUDs). Early identification of at‐risk youth would help allocate scarce resources for prevention programs.MethodsPsychiatric and somatic diagnoses, family history of these disorders, measures of socioeconomic distress, and information about birth complications were obtained from the national registers in Sweden for 19,787 children with ADHD born between 1989 and 1993. We trained (a) a cross‐sectional random forest (RF) model using data available by age 17 to predict SUD diagnosis between ages 18 and 19; and (b) a longitudinal recurrent neural network (RNN) model with the Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) architecture to predict new diagnoses at each age.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.73(95%CI 0.70–0.76) for the random forest model (RF). Removing prior diagnosis from the predictors, the RF model was still able to achieve significant AUCs when predicting all SUD diagnoses (0.69, 95%CI 0.66–0.72) or new diagnoses (0.67, 95%CI: 0.64, 0.71) during age 18–19. For the model predicting new diagnoses, model calibration was good with a low Brier score of 0.086. Longitudinal LSTM model was able to predict later SUD risks at as early as 2 years age, 10 years before the earliest diagnosis. The average AUC from longitudinal models predicting new diagnoses 1, 2, 5 and 10 years in the future was 0.63.ConclusionsPopulation registry data can be used to predict at‐risk comorbid SUDs in individuals with ADHD. Such predictions can be made many years prior to age of the onset, and their SUD risks can be monitored using longitudinal models over years during child development. Nevertheless, more work is needed to create prediction models based on electronic health records or linked population registers that are sufficiently accurate for use in the clinic.
Floodplain losses and increasing flood risk in the context of recent historic land use changes and settlement developments: Austrian case studies
Authors: Schober Bernhard , Hauer Christoph , Habersack Helmut 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFloodplains play a central role in flood risk management since they function as retention areas which attenuate and decelerate flood waves. However, during the last decades land use has changed distinctly on floodplains which has led to a change in topography due to the construction of levees and dykes. Using geographic information system analysis we assessed floodplain developments over 60 years for five Austrian rivers. We used these findings as input for hydrodynamic‐numerical modelling. A comparison of computations of current and historic floodplain topographies demonstrated the complex impacts that changes on floodplains have on catchment level flood risk. Results showed that the losses of floodplains were in general linked to a deterioration in hydrological (flood peaks and travel times) and hydraulic (water level) parameters. In rare cases the unintentional overtopping of dykes resulted in an improved reduction of the peak of the flood wave, but included a worsening of local hydraulic conditions. Hence, this study demonstrates that general conclusions about an alteration of flood risk cannot be easily reached, with a demand for further site‐specific assessment. This novel way of investigating the trends of flooding characteristics by including the historic development within a catchment offers valuable information to planners for a future flood risk management.
Light signaling and UV‐B‐mediated plant growth regulation
Authors: Yadav Arpita , Singh Deeksha , Lingwan Maneesh , Yadukrishnan Premachandran , Masakapalli Shyam Kumar , Datta Sourav 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLight plays an important role in plants’ growth and development throughout their life cycle. Plants alter their morphological features in response to light cues of varying intensity and quality. Dedicated photoreceptors help plants to perceive light signals of different wavelengths. Activated photoreceptors stimulate the downstream signaling cascades that lead to extensive gene expression changes responsible for physiological and developmental responses. Proteins such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) act as important factors which modulate light‐regulated gene expression, especially during seedling development. These factors function as central regulatory intermediates not only in red, far‐red, and blue light pathways but also in the UV‐B signaling pathway. UV‐B radiation makes up only a minor fraction of sunlight, yet it imparts many positive and negative effects on plant growth. Studies on UV‐B perception, signaling, and response in plants has considerably surged in recent times. Plants have developed different strategies to use UV‐B as a developmental cue as well as to withstand high doses of UV‐B radiation. Plants’ responses to UV‐B are an integration of its cross‐talks with both environmental factors and phytohormones. This review outlines the current developments in light signaling with a major focus on UV‐B‐mediated plant growth regulation.
Effects of postoperative active warming and early exercise on postoperative body temperature distribution: Non‐blinded and randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kameda Norihiro , Isono Shiroh , Okada Shinobu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimWe tested a hypothesis that postoperative active warming and/or arm leg stretches reduce the difference between core and skin temperatures (primary variable) improving the peripheral circulation immediately after major abdominal surgery.MethodsFifty‐one patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries were randomly assigned to receive one of three interventions immediately after surgery; routine care (control group), mild intermittent exercise on the bed (exercise group), and forced‐air warming (warming group). Core and skin temperatures and perfusion index were continuously measured from anesthesia induction to 12 h after arrival at the ward.ResultsCore body temperature was maintained over 37°C with a relatively greater gap between core and skin temperatures over 1°C and reduced perfusion index in the early postoperative period in the control group. In the warming group, the reduced skin temperature at arrival at the ward approximated to the core temperature leading to significant reduction of the temperature gap and increasing the perfusion index to the preoperative level. Although less evident, both the temperature gap and peripheral perfusion significantly improved in the exercise group after 6 and 8 h after arrival at the ward, respectively.ConclusionsVasoconstriction in response to cessation after anesthesia and surgery serves to maintain core temperature, but impairs peripheral circulation. Active warming and intermittent mild exercise immediately after arrival at the ward reduces the temperature gap and improves peripheral circulation during the early postoperative period. While cost‐effectiveness needs to be considered before clinical application of the intervention, the cost‐free mild exercise may be a feasible option for improving postoperative patient care.
Hemangiopericytomas: Spatial Intracranial Location in a Voxel‐Based Mapping Study
Authors: Li Lianwang , Song Ming , Zhang Chuanbao , Qian Zenghui , Li Yiming , Li Runting , Li Chao , Yang Zhengyi , Zhou Dabiao 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo investigate the preferred location of intracranial hemangiopericytomas (IHPCs) with voxel‐based mapping and 3‐dimensional reconstruction from MRI data.METHODSGadolinium‐enhanced tumors of 258 primary and single IHPCs were segmented semi‐automatically, followed by manual checking and editing of boundaries. The lesions were registered to Montreal Neurological Institute standard anatomical space, and heat‐map and 3‐dimensional rendered frequency images were generated. All tumors were then superimposed on the Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) template to further investigate the difference in the tumor location based on the voxel‐wise frequency of occurrence with respect to laterality, sex, age, and pathologic grade.RESULTSThe 3‐dimensional rendered images show that the tumors commonly located in the posterior cranial cavity, surrounding the tentorium. The posterior third of the superior sagittal sinus and the confluence of sinuses were commonly affected. According to the analysis of tumor occurrence frequency in the AAL template, IHPCs were mainly observed in the limbic lobe, occipital lobe, and cerebellum. Tumors in younger patients preferentially located in the right occipital region (P = .027), whereas those with higher pathological grade more often located in the left parietal lobe (P = .034).CONCLUSIONSThis is the first voxel‐based study to explore the predilection site of IHPCs. Our study suggests that these tumors commonly affect the posterior cranial cavity, adjoining the tentorium and venous sinus. Further research is needed to investigate the possible factors underlying these topographic preferences.
The Effects of Distribution of Image Matched Fiducial Markers on Accuracy of Computer‐Guided Implant Surgery
Authors: Choi Yong‐Do , Mai Hang‐Nga , Mai Hai Yen , Ha Jung‐Hong , Li Lin‐Jie , Lee Du‐Hyeong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeImage registration of the optical intraoral scan to computed tomography image is essential for computer‐guided implant surgery. The remaining teeth, which are considered to be congruent structures observed in the scan and radiographic images, are used to perform the image registration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the distribution of matching fiducial points on the accuracy of the image registration.Materials and MethodsA partially edentulous model with three anterior remaining teeth was prepared. Two mini dental implants were inserted in the posterior edentulous areas on both sides, and computed tomography and surface scan data were obtained. Three groups were set according to the distribution of the image matching points used: localized distribution, unilateral distribution, and bilateral distribution. Fifteen graduate students performed the registration process in each group using the same image matching method. The accuracy of image registration was evaluated by measuring the geometric discrepancies between the radiographic and registered scan images in the anterior, middle, and posterior regions. One‐way and two‐way analysis of variance with the Tukey HSD post hoc test were used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05)ResultsIn general, the registration discrepancy was lowest in the bilateral distribution group, followed by the unilateral distribution and localized distribution groups (p< 0.001). In the regional analysis, the registration error tended to increase as the measurement region moved farther from the matching points. The distribution of the matching points and measurement regions had a statistical interaction in the accuracy of image registration.ConclusionThe accuracy of image registration of the surface scan to the computed tomography is affected by the matching point distribution that can be improved by placing artificial markers in the edentulous areas.
Evidence to Support Universal Blood Pressure Screening in School‐Based Clinical Settings
Authors: Silberstein Juliet , Gwynn Lisa , Mathew M. Sunil , Arheart Kristopher L. , Messiah Sarah E. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMost pediatric elevated blood pressure (BP) remains undiagnosed. The American Academy of Pediatrics states “there is limited evidence to support school‐based measurement of children's BP.” We explored the utility school‐based BP screening.METHODSA cross‐sectional sample of 4096 students ages 6 to 17 from Title 1 Miami‐Dade Public Schools (50% female, 71% non‐Hispanic black, 26% Hispanic) had their systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP) and body mass index (BMI) collected over the 2016 to 2017 or 2017 to 2018 school years. Relative risks (RRs) ratios were calculated to estimate normal/elevated SBP/DBP by BMI percentile, ethnicity, and
sex.RESULTSOverall, 26.4% had at least one elevated BP measurement, of which 59% were not obese. RR for obese status was significant for all categories of elevated BP (RRs > 1.88, p < .0001). Being either female (RR = 1.34, p = .009) or Hispanic (RR = 1.31, p = .014) was significantly associated with elevated DBP. BMI accounted for <10% of the variation in BP (SBP: F(1, 4095) = 367.6, adjusted R2 = .08, p < .0001; DBP: F(1, 4095) = 93.3, adjusted R2 = .02, p < .0001).CONCLUSIONThese findings support providing BP screenings in school settings. Low‐income and minority students often have limited access to health care, higher obesity rates, and unhealthy behaviors. Our findings support universal school‐based BP screening regardless of weight status, particularly among ethnically diverse populations.
Reliability of the Buttock Applied Strain Test to Diagnose Radicular Pain in Patients With Low Back Pain
Authors: Samolsky Dekel Boaz Gedaliahu , Sorella Maria Cristina , Vasarri Alessio , Melotti Rita Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLow‐back pain (LBP) pathophysiological conditions include nociceptive back pain, somatic referred pain, radicular pain (RP), and radiculopathy. Differential diagnosis is challenging; guidance may come from patients’ thorough clinical history and physical examination and, particularly for lumbar RP, from the evaluation of subjective responses of injured lumbar nerves to a strain applied at the buttock (buttock applied strain [BUAS] test).MethodsIn a sample of 395 consecutive patients with LBP, sensitivity, specificity, and prior probability (positive predictive values [PPVs] and negative predictive values [NPVs]) of the BUAS test were evaluated against 2 reference tests: the straight leg raising test (SLRT) and the painDETECT (PD) questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) and χ2 analyses were used to evaluate the BUAS test outcomes’ dependence upon independent variables (gender, age group, pain localization, SLRT outcomes, and PD outcomes). Cohen’s kappa statistic was used to assess inter‐rater agreement.ResultsCompared with the PD questionnaire, the BUAS test showed a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 82%; compared with the SLRT, the BUAS test showed a sensitivity of 82%, NPV of 82%, specificity of 40%, and PPV of 40%. Inter‐rater agreement of Cohen’s kappa was 0.911. Significant associations were found between BUAS test outcomes and pain localization, SLRT outcomes, and PD outcomes, but not with the predictors gender or age group. MLR showed significant congruent relationships between BUAS test and PD outcomes.ConclusionAmong patients with LBP, the BUAS test showed satisfactory sensitivity, specificity, prior probability, and inter‐rater reliability; thus, it may be considered a useful adjunctive tool to diagnose RP in patients with LBP. For more generalized results, more research, in clinical settings other than pain clinics, is needed.
The Impact of Veto Players on Incremental and Drastic Policy Making: Australia's Carbon Tax Policy and Its Repeal
Authors: Ike Vivian 
Published: April 2020

Does the number, ideological congruence, and/or individual cohesion of veto actors influence policy making to be incremental or drastic? Rather than compare veto actors across different states as is already extensively addressed, this article compares the different veto actors involved in Australia's 2011 Carbon Tax Policy and its 2014 “Carbon Tax Repeal” policy. It uses quantitative data to measure the number, ideological congruence, and individual cohesion of the different veto actors. The results show that, because of the smaller number of veto actors, their higher ideological congruence, and lower individual cohesion, policy making was rather drastic than incremental for the 2014 repeal policy compared to the 2011 Carbon Tax Policy. The results, however, challenge the assumption that many veto actors hinder effective policy change and suggest that because a single or few veto actors can easily execute drastic policy making, they can likewise easily halt effective policy. These have implications for policy making.Related ArticlesBåtstrand, Sondre. 2015. “More than Markets: A Comparative Study of Nine Conservative Parties on Climate Change.” Politics & Policy 43 (4): 538‐561. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12122Fisher, Sarah. 2015. “Federalism's Fractured Decision Making in the Kyoto Protocol.” Politics & Policy 43 (1): 1‐29. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12110Kwon, Sung‐Wook, and Sylvia Gonzalez‐Gorman. 2019. “Influence of Local Political Institutions on Policy Punctuation in Three Policy Areas.” Politics & Policy 47 (2): 300‐325. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12295