bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konsultacje społeczne jako forma demokratycznej partycypacji mieszkańców w zarządzaniu wspólnotą lokalną
Authors: Springer Beata 
Published: March 2020

Public consultation as a form of democratic participation in managing of local communityThe article discusses the issue of public consultation, legal and formal issues, used in national and European law. It shows the genesis of the Polish regulation of consultation. It presents one of the mechanisms for social participation in the local community and the opportunities offered by the use of this toolIt discusses how important it should be to consult with the people, to communicate with the public. The subject of the study is also a critical analysis of the solutions adopted in resolutions concerning the holding of consultations. At the same time particular examples of solutions used in resolutions of local government are shown. Attention is drawn to the irregularities in constructing the resolutions and the reluctance of parts of local authorities to carry out the consultations. The whole bearing was selected decisions and case law of the administrative courts.
Dyplomacja sportowa w procesie łagodzenia konfliktów międzynarodowych
Authors: Kobierecki Michał Marcin 
Published: March 2020

Sports diplomacy as a tool of easing international tensionsThe aim of the article is to theoretically analyse the issue of sports diplomacy from the perspective of its util­ity in easing international tensions. The research encompass clarification of the term sports diplomacy and investigation of two ways of using it in order to ease international tensions: changing perception of hostile states within particular societies and creating opportunities for political leaders from antagonistic countries to meet, which have been described with the use of actual historical cases.
Wróg w politycznych narracjach antagonizmu manichejskiego
Authors: Ziółkowski Jacek 
Published: March 2020

Enemy in political narrations of manichaean antagonismThe text is an attempt to draw the reader attention to the importance of mechanisms and potential effects of political narrations of Manichaean antagonism. The author assesses that these type of narrations, par­ticularly when they grow to the status of the official political propaganda, constitute the significant threat to liberal democracy. An axiological antagonism is determining the creation of a state of political war, makes impossible the dialogue and the cooperation between political groups. The rival is taken as the enemy, and political arche is an aspiration to destroy him. Such a scheme is a great challenge for the political pluralism. Antagonistic narrations, especially marked with Gnostic and Manichaean elements most often apply ma­nipulative reductions in complex reality, relying on such public instructions as: low political competence, mistrust, authoritarian and paranoid tendencies.
Rola nauk społecznych w projektach programów i reform społecznych
Authors: Zamorska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2020

The role of social sciences in the projects of programs and social reformsThe subject of the article is the problem with applying social science knowledge to programs and projects of social reforms. Two aspects of the issue have been pointed out. The first refers to the role of social sciences as an intellectual backdrop for social reform programs, while the other shows the consequences of a specific defi­nition of reform and assigning it a high or not position in the scale value of social activities and the practice of its implementation. The question arises about the nature of reforms in Poland, from the 1990s to the present. In three interrelated parts, the origins and development of social sciences have been presented, answering the question of how to support social policy with social science knowledge as useful knowledge, and a refer­ence to social reforms in Poland after 1989 has been made. The article ends with a conclusion that the potential success of the reforms is affected by the cooperation between social sciences, the world of politics and society.
Ocena wpływu inwestycji społecznych w literaturze naukowej
Authors: Moroń Dorota 
Published: March 2020

Assessing impact of social investments in scientific literatureThe article presents the results of research on the assessing impact of social investments presented in the scientific literature. The aim is to analyze the theoretical aspects and the results of empirical research on the impact of social investment. The article presents the reasons for undertaking the impact of social in­vestments’ analysis, pointing to the need to validate the effectiveness of actions, to justify public spending and to convince policy makers of the investment implementation’ necessity. The difficulties involved in assessing the impact of social investment in areas: methodology of assessing impact, time perspective and investment functioning in a specific socio-economic context are presented. The conducted analyzes allowed to demonstrate that the assessment of social investment is ambiguous — both the positive impact of invest­ment especially in the labor market and development of human capital and its limited impact, mainly in the fight against poverty can be shown. The results of the research presented in this article were obtained in the framework of the scientific research project Innovative Social Investment Strenghtening Communities in Europe InnoSi, financed by the European Commission from the Horizon 2020 Program.
Przerosty etatyzmu
Authors: Rogaczewska Krystyna 
Published: March 2020

Overgrowth of statism Polish economic thought in the interwar period is characterised by the clash of views concerning the in­fluence of the state on the economy. Theoreticians who represented liberalism criticised statism and state interventionism. Statism was viewed not only as an economic category but it was also synonymous with the omnipotence of the state and the appropriation of all the spheres of life. Statism involves the expression of the expansion of collectivism which destroyed individualism. From the liberals’ perspective, the state’s intervention in the economy always leads to the appropriation of other spheres of life. The studies carried out by the liberals in the 1920s and 1930s were based on empirical research and the rational justifications of economic calculations. Scholarly studies of the theoreticians affiliated to “the Cracow School” have not lost their relevance and can still be inspiring in the context of the discussion about the level of the state’s intervention in social collective and individual life.
Pre-emptive war under international law
Authors: Pietkiewicz Michał 
Published: March 2020

PRE-EMPTIVE WAR UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW The thesis is devoted to problems associated with the international legal regulation of pre-emptive war. It is quite obvious that this phenomenon has a logical context revealed in national security policies individual states pursue for themselves. In this regard, analysis was made of the prerequisites for the emergence of a new doctrine of pre-emptive war, and here analysis of the “Bush Doctrine” made it possible to reveal the characteristics of pre-emptive war. In addition, the article pays precise attention to the problem of correlation between the characteristics of pre-emptive war and preventive war. It has been separately established that the current stage of international legaliz­ation of pre-emptive war requires significant improvement in mechanisms preventing this phenom­enon and the development of a system of sanctions. Important conclusions are drawn regarding the prospects for international consolidation and implementation of the pre-emptive war doctrine in the systems of international law.
Czytelnictwo więźniów w Zakładzie Karnym w Rawiczu
Authors: Woźny Karolina 
Published: March 2020

Readership of prisoners in the Rawicz prisonA prison library is an institution intended to provide convicts with access to literature, culture, and education. In Poland, the approach to functions of prisons and prison libraries changed with political system transformation. After 1989 the penology was modified from the repressive model to the reha­bilitative one. Prisoners can participate in cultural events, such as theatre performances, book clubs and prison newspapers publishing. Such involvement should be based on well-equipped library supervised by aqualified librarian. The reality is different, but statistics of Central Statistical Office of Poland GUS reveal that prison libraries in Poland are constantly developing. The author of the work conducted the survey in the prison in Rawicz aimed at the exploration of prisoners’ readership. The analysis involved 50 individuals. According to the study’s results, convicts consider the library as anecessary institution, which they use willingly. Most of the respondents admitted that they read books, while almost all of them reported reading the press. The most popular literary genres among the surveyed turned out to be fantastic and detective stories.
„Biblia królowej Zofii” — od rękopisu do formy cyfrowej
Authors: Łubocki Jakub Maciej 
Published: March 2020

Bible of Queen Sophia — from the manuscript to the digital formThe aim of study was to describe tangled history of Biblia królowej Zofii Bible of Queen Sophia; Queen Sophia’s Bible; Sárospatak Bible. This is one of the greatest cultural artefact of the Old Pol­ish language — currently considered missing in its original form. Against this background, the au­thor set further transpositions of the manuscript into anew forms of publications out transcription, collotype, transliteration, digitization. These other forms are associated with such figures as Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Jerzy Henryk Lubomirski, Antoni Małecki, Ludwik Bernacki, Zenon Klem­ensiewicz, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Vladimír Kyas — they researched the manuscript or initiated the process of its re-publication. Description and analysis of the effects of their achievements and their advantages and disadvantages, it all shows how difficult it is to face transposition of awork into anew form, and aproper choice of form and appropriately attuned reference matter are the keys to correct and effective presentation of the ancient work in contemporary realities.
Occupational exposure to HIV among healthcare workers in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Akpuh Ndubuisi . , Ikeoluwapo Ajayi , Ayo Adebowale , Suleiman Idris H , Nguku Patrick , Dalhat Mahmood , Adedire Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Rivers State is among the states with high HIV prevalence in Nigeria. Occupational exposure to HIV through blood or body fluids of HIV/AIDS patients is a recognised risk factor of HIV infections among healthcare workers. We identified the determinants of occupational exposures to HIV among healthcare workers in Prevention of Maternal to Child Transmission (PMTCT) sites within Port Harcourt metropolis in Rivers State.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 341 healthcare providers from 22 public and 22 private health facilities in PMTCT sites in Port Harcourt metropolis. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression models (p-value = 0.05).

Results

Respondents’ mean age was 35.9±SD8.4 years, 270 (80.1%) and 171(50.7%) were females, and from public health facilities respectively. Prevalence of occupational exposure of healthcare workers to HIV in the past 12 months was 153 (45.0%), and 96 (63.3%) experienced such exposure more than once. Contacts with potentially infectious body fluid accounted for the largest proportion 51 (33.3%); followed by needle stick prick 49 (32.6%). About 189 (56.1%) had safety information at their disposal and this serves as a reminder on safety precautions. The likelihood of occupational exposure was significantly higher among doctors (AOR=2.22, 95% C.I=1.16-4.25,) but lower among environmental health workers (AOR=0.10, 95% C.I=0.02-0.46,) than nurses/midwives when other factors were included in the model.

Conclusion

Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids remains a frequent occurrence among healthcare workers; highest among doctors in PMTCT sites in the study area. Provision of protective safety materials, training and enforcement of adherence to universal precaution strategies are highly recommended.
Potential health risk assessment of toxic metals contamination in clay eaten as pica (geophagia) among pregnant women of Ho in the Volta Region of Ghana.
Authors: Kortei Nii Korley , Koryo-Dabrah Alice , Akonor Papa Toah , Manaphraim Nana Yaw Barima , Ayim-Akonor Matilda , Boadi Nathaniel Owusu , Essuman Edward Ken , Tettey Clement 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Geophagia although pleasurable and somewhat a necessity among pregnant women, also comes along with its own attendant problems such as exposure to potentially hazardous substances like bacteria, fungi, helminthes and ova, radioactive materials, and toxic elemental minerals in the soil depending on the geographical location.Methodology: This study evaluated the potential health risk involved during the exposure of pregnant women to toxic elemental minerals via the consumption of clay as pica (geophagia). Elemental mineral analysis was carried out using Buck Scientific 210VGP Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Buck Scientific, Inc. East Norwalk, USA). Risk assessment methods were also used to ascertain the various risks factors and the overall risk level.Results: Concentrations of the macro elements investigated were 1.38 ± 1.5, 2.40± 1.5, 7.74± 1.5, 4.01± 1.0, 13.24± 2.2 and 13.76± 2.1 mg/Kg for iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) respectively. While that for the micro elements were 1.63± 0.03 µg/Kg, 4.72±0.8, 0.53±0.02 and 1.85±0.3 mg/kg respectively for arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni). Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (HQ), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) values ranged 0.611- 5.44 (mg/kg Bw/day), 6.26x10-4 – 106.5, 0.067-10.34 and 15 respectively.Conclusion: There is the likelihood of posing adverse health problems when clay samples obtained from Anfoega which is sited in the Volta region of Ghana is consumed due to the fact that the HQ’s of these elemental minerals were >1 which points to high content of Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni). It is also likely to cause adverse health problems in an individual’s life time since THQ for Arsenic, Lead and Nickel were above 1. Ultimately, the cumulative effect of these toxicants were exceedingly great (≤ 15) which implied a high level of unsafety associated with this clay. Per the results from this study, it is not safe for pregnant women to consume clay as pica since these toxic elements may cause detrimental effects on the foetus of the unborn child.
Determinants of Undernutrition among Children under Five Years of Age in Ethiopia
Authors: Kassie Gashu Workneh , Workie Demeke Lakew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Ethiopia is one of the developing countries where child under-nutrition is prevalent. Prior studies employed three anthropometric indicators for identifying factors of children’s under-nutrition. This study aimed at identifying the factors of child under-nutrition using a single composite index of anthropometric indicators.
Methods: Data from Ethiopia’s Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 was the base for studying under-nutrition in a sample of 9494 children below 59 months. A single composite index of under-nutrition was created from three anthropometric indices through principal component analysis recoded into an ordinal outcome. In line with Child Growth Standards (WHO, 2006), the three anthropometric indices involve z-score of height-for-age (stunting), weight-for-height (wasting) and weight-for-age (underweight). To identify significant determinants of under-nutrition, partial proportional odds model was fitted and its relative performance compared with some other ordinal regression models.
Results and conclusion: In the Brant test of proportional odds model, the null hypothesis that the model parameters were equal across categories was rejected. Compared to ordinal regression models that do not involve parallel regression assumption, and Akaike information criterion, partial proportional odds model showed an improved fit. The fitted partial proportional odds model indicated that age and sex of the child, maternal education, region, source of drinking water, number of under five children, mother’s body mass index, wealth index, anaemic status, multiple birth, fever, mother’s age at birth, and husband’s education significantly associated with child under-nutrition. It is argued that interventions focus on improving household wealth index, food security, educating mothers and their spouses, improving maternal nutritional status, and increasing mothers’ health care access.
Keywords: Stunting; underweight; wasting; partial proportional odds model
Non-rigid image registration of 4D-MRI data for improved delineation of moving tumors
Authors: Weick Stefan , Breuer Kathrin , Richter Anne , Exner Florian , Ströhle Serge-Peer , Lutyj Paul , Tamihardja Jörg , Veldhoen Simon , Flentje Michael , Polat Bülent 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: To increase the image quality of end-expiratory and end-inspiratory phases of retrospective respiratory self-gated 4D MRI data sets using non-rigid image registration for improved target delineation of moving tumors.Methods: End-expiratory and end-inspiratory phases of volunteer and patient 4D MRI data sets are used as targets for non-rigid image registration of all other phases using two different registration schemes: In the first, all phases are registered directly (dir-Reg) while next neighbors are successively registered until the target is reached in the second (nn-Reg). Resulting data sets are quantitatively compared using diaphragm and tumor sharpness and the coefficient of variation of regions of interest in the lung, liver, and heart. Qualitative assessment of the patient data regarding noise level, tumor delineation, and overall image quality was performed by blinded reading based on a 4 point Likert scale.Results: The median coefficient of variation was lower for both registration schemes compared to the target. Median dir-Reg coefficient of variation of all ROIs was 5.6 % lower for expiration and 7.0 % lower for inspiration compared with nn-Reg. Statistical significant differences between the two schemes were found in all comparisons. Median sharpness in inspiration is lower compared to expiration sharpness in all cases. Registered data sets were rated better compared to the targets in all categories. Over all categories, mean expiration scores were 2.92 ± 0.18 for the target, 3.19 ± 0.22 for nn-Reg and 3.56 ± 0.14 for dir-Reg and mean inspiration scores 2.25 ± 0.12 for the target, 2.72 ± 215 0.04 for nn-Reg and 3.78 ± 0.04 for dir-Reg.Conclusions: In this work, end-expiratory and inspiratory phases of a 4D MRI data sets are used as targets for non-rigid image registration of all other phases. It is qualitatively and quantitatively shown that image quality of the targets can be significantly enhanced leading to improved target delineation of moving tumors.
Oxidative stress and gut-derived lipopolysaccharides in children affected by Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections.
Authors: Loffredo Lorenzo , Spalice Alberto , Salvatori Francesca , Giovanna De Castro , Guido Cristiana Alessia , Zicari Anna Maria , Ciacci Paolo , Battaglia Simona , Brindisi Giulia , Ettorre Evaristo , Nocella Cristina , Salvatori Guglielmo , Duse Marzia , Violi Francesco , Carnevale Roberto 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections syndrome (PANDAS) identifies patients with acute onset of obsessive-compulsive and tic disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate serum NOX2 levels, as well as 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (iso-PGF2α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of PANDAS patients.

Methods: a cross sectional study was performed to compare serum levels of soluble NOX2-dp (sNOX-2-dp), isoprostanes and LPS in 60 consecutive subjects, including 30 children affected by PANDAS and 30 controls (CT) matched for age and gender. Serum zonulin was used as intestinal permeability assay.
Results: compared with CT, PANDAS children had increased values of sNOX-2-dp, 8-iso-PGF2-alpha and LPS. Simple linear regression analysis showed that sNOX2-dp was signiﬁcantly correlated with serum LPS (Rs=0.359; p=0.005), zonulin (Rs=0.444; p<0.001) and iso-PGF2α (Rs=0.704; p<0.001). Serum LPS signiﬁcantly correlated with zonulin (Rs=0.610; p<0.001), and iso-PGF2α (Rs=0.591; p=0.001). Finally, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to define the independent predictors of sNOX-2-dp. Serum isoprostanes and zonulin resulted as the only independent predictive variables associated with sNOX2-dp (R2=68%).
Conclusion: this study shows that children affected by PANDAS have high circulating levels of sNOX2-dp, isoprostanes and of LPS that could be potentially implicated in the process of neuroinflammation.
The development of a questionnaire to assess leisure time screen-based media use and its proximal correlates in children (SCREENS-Q)
Authors: Klakk Heidi , Wester Christian Tolstrup , Olesen Line Grønholt , Rasmussen Martin Gillies , Kristensen Peter Lund , Pedersen Jesper , Grøntved Anders 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The screen-media landscape has changed drastically during the last decade with wide-scale ownership and use of new portable touchscreen-based devices plausibly causing changes in the volume of screen media use and the way children and young people entertain themselves and communicate with friends and family members. This rapid development is not sufficiently mirrored in available tools for measuring children’s screen media use. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a parent-reported standardized questionnaire to assess 6-10-year old children’s multiple screen media use and habits, their screen media environment, and its plausible proximal correlates based on a suggested socio-ecological model. Methods: An iterative process was conducted developing the SCREENS questionnaire. Informed by the literature, media experts and end-users, a conceptual framework was made to guide the development of the questionnaire. Parents and media experts evaluated face and content validity. Pilot and field testing in the target group was conducted to assess test-retest reliability using Kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Construct validity of relevant items was assessed using pairwise non-parametric correlations (Spearman’s). The SCREENS questionnaire is based on a multidimensional and formative model. Results: The SCREENS questionnaire covers six domains validated to be important factors of screen media use in children and comprises 19 questions and 92 items. Test-retest reliability (n=37 parents) for continuous variables was moderate to substantial with ICC’s ranging from 0.67 to 0.90. For relevant nominal and ordinal data, kappa values were all above 0.50 with more than 80 percent of the values above 0.61 indicating good test-retest reliability. Internal consistency between two different time use variables (from n=243) showed good correlations with rho ranging from 0.59 to 0.66. Response-time was within 15 min for all participants. Conclusions: SCREENS-Q is a comprehensive tool to assess children’s screen media habits, the screen media environment and possible related correlates. It is a feasible questionnaire with multiple validated constructs and moderate to substantial test-retest reliability of all evaluated items. The SCREENS-Q is a promising tool to investigate children screen media use.