bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizen Advisory Committees in the Contingent Valuation Method Process
Authors: Bance Philippe , Chassy Angélique 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe contingent valuation method (CVM) is a tool of economic analysis the purpose of which is to measure, on the basis of individuals' stated preferences, the utility they attach to the production of public goods—thereby enabling a public decision maker to arbitrate between different items of expenditure. The approach has been deployed as part of a centralist conceptual scheme that leaves little room for citizens in the process and is now being challenged by the increasing prominence of multilevel governance, particularly in Europe. The objective of this article was to propose and discuss the use in this context of citizen advisory committees (CACs) rather than the other participatory tools sometimes recommended in contingent valuation studies, such as citizen juries and the scenario workshop. It also discusses certain limitations of the CAC/CVM combination to ensure that citizens' opinions could be better taken into account in the specification and implementation of public programs.Related ArticlesAdams, Brian E. 2016. “Assessing the Merits of Decentralization: A Framework for Identifying the Causal Mechanisms Influencing Policy Outcomes.” Politics & Policy 44 (5): 820‐849. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12172Bance, Philippe, and Angelique Chassy. 2017. “The Rollout of the Multilevel Governance System: A Source of Reworking the Contingent Valuation Method?” Politics & Policy 45 (6): 1080‐1107. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12236Kim, Myunghee. 2007. “Citizens' Confidence in Government, Parliament and Political Parties.” Politics & Policy 35 (3): 496‐521. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00070.x
Lessons from the Lithium Triangle: Considering Policy Explanations for the Variation in Lithium Industry Development in the “Lithium Triangle” Countries of Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia
Authors: Lunde Seefeldt Jennapher 
Published: July 2020

With lithium demand soaring for application in technology, it is vital to understand how states with lithium deposits can attract investment for extraction. Since the “lithium triangle” countries hold much of the world's lithium reserves, they serve as greatly contrasting case studies regarding lithium output. This research explains how policy differences in these three countries have resulted in differing output and industry development. Data are collected from investment reports, semi‐structured interviews, and surveys with insiders, finding two primary policy considerations. First, policy transparency and uniformity explain variation in investment and thus output. Unclear rules greatly deter investment, even when the resource is abundant. Then, property protections from state expropriation ensure these investments are secure and are more likely to attract investment and development. These findings have implications for emerging natural resource industries around the world and for those with geopolitical interests in securing access to critical resources.Related ArticlesDe Lombaerde, Philippe. 2015. “The Political Economy of Trade Protection in Colombia.” Politics & Policy 43 (6): 855‐886. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12140Villanueva Ulfgard, Rebecka. 2019. “Mexico's Struggle with Development between Global Compromises and National Development Plans.” Politics & Policy 47 (1): 50‐78. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/polp.12288Wise, Carol, and Cintia Quiliconi. 2007. “China's Surge in Latin American Markets: Policy Challenges and Responses.” Politics & Policy 35 (3): 410‐438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00067.x
Susceptibility weighted imaging at 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in dogs: Comparison with T2*‐weighted gradient echo sequence and its clinical indications
Authors: Weston Philippa , Morales Carles , Dunning Mark , Parry Andrew , Carrera Inés 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSusceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a high resolution, fully velocity‐compensated, three‐dimensional gradient echo (GE) MRI technique. In humans, SWI has been reported to be more sensitive than T2*‐weighted GE sequences in the identification of both intracranial hemorrhage and intra‐vascular deoxyhemoglobin. However, published clinical studies comparing SWI to T2*‐weighted GE sequences in dogs are currently lacking. The aim of this retrospective, observational study was to compare SWI and T2*‐weighted GE sequences in a group of dogs with intracranial disease. Medical records were searched for dogs that underwent a brain MRI examination that included T2*‐weighted GE and SWI sequences. The presence and appearance of non‐vascular and vascular signal voids observed on T2*‐weighted GE and SWI were compared. Thirty‐two dogs were included with the following diagnoses: presumed and confirmed intracranial neoplasia (27), cerebrovascular accidents (3), and trauma (2). Hemorrhagic lesions were significantly more conspicuous on SWI than T2*‐weighted GE sequences (P < .0001). Venous structures were well defined in all SWI sequences, and poorly defined in all dogs on T2*‐weighted GE. Susceptibility weighted imaging enabled identification of vascular abnormalities in 30 of 32 (93.8%) dogs, including: neovascularization in 19 of 32 (59.4%) dogs, displacement of perilesional veins in five of 32 (15.6%) dogs, and apparent dilation of perilesional veins in 10 of 32 (31.3%) dogs. Presence of neovascularization was significantly associated with T1‐weighted post‐contrast enhancement (P = .0184). Hemorrhagic lesions and venous structures were more conspicuous on SWI compared to T2*‐weighted GE sequences. Authors recommend adding SWI to standard brain protocols in dogs for detecting hemorrhage and identifying venous abnormalities for lesion characterization.
Estimation of Ventilation Impact on Fluid–Structure Interaction for Partially Cavitating Hydrofoils
Authors: Amromin Eduard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fluid–structure interaction is analyzed for natural and ventilated partial cavitation of conventional hydrofoils. Quasi-linear two-dimensional (2D) analysis of ideal fluid incompressible flow outside the cavity is coupled with one-dimensional analysis of compressible flows within the cavity and with analysis of hydrofoil bending vibration under impact of periodical oscillations of hydrodynamic forces. The old experimental data for hydrofoils Clark Y-11.7% and NACA 0015 are used for validation of this coupling. Estimations based on obtained computational results show that the force oscillations can be significantly mitigated by ventilation, whereas the ventilation effect on the cavity volume oscillation is less significant. The presented estimations also show that ventilation can suppress generation of shock waves in the cavity tail and affect their propagation.
Near- and Far-Field Acoustic Measurements for Stepped Nozzles at Over- and Perfectly-Expanded Supersonic Jet Flow Conditions
Authors: Wei X. F. , Chua L. P. , Lu Z. B. , Lim H. D. , Mariani R. , Cui Y. D. , New T. H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Detailed near- and far-field acoustic measurements were conducted for two circular stepped nozzles with 30 deg and 60 deg design inclinations at over- and perfectly-expanded supersonic jet flow conditions and compared to those for a circular nonstepped nozzle. Far-field acoustic results show that stepped nozzles play an insignificant role in altering noise emissions at perfectly expanded condition. At an over-expanded condition, however, the longer stepped nozzle produces significant noise reductions at the sideline and upstream quadrants, while the shorter stepped nozzle does not. Noise spectra analysis and Schlieren visualizations show that noise reduction can be primarily attributed to mitigations in the broadband shock-associated noise (BSAN), due to the ability of the longer stepped nozzle in suppressing shock strengths at downstream region. Near-field acoustic measurements reveal that the source region, as well as the intensity of turbulent and shock noises, are highly sensitive to the stepped nozzle configuration. Furthermore, BSAN seems to be eliminated by the longer stepped nozzle in near-field region due to the shock structure modifications.
Morphodynamic equilibrium of lowland river systems during autoretreat
Authors: Wu Chenliang , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Muto Tetsuji , Naito Kensuke , Parker Gary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLowland river systems (with channel slopes of 10−5 to 10−4) inevitably shift away (retreat upstream) from the receiving basin under a sustained rate of base-level rise, even if the system can maintain a period of advance at the onset of rise. This autogenic pattern of transition from progradation to retrogradation through steady base-level rise and sediment supply is termed “autoretreat.” Using a morphodynamic model of autoretreat, this study explored the varying channel hydrodynamics of lowland fluvial systems and associated stratigraphic record under sustained base-level rise and constant sediment supply. Results from the numerical simulations show that a fluvial system will reach a state of dynamic equilibrium during autoretreat where both the backwater length and the morphodynamic adjustment of the downdip channel profile become steady. Moreover, when this dynamic equilibrium state is realized, simulated systems display a persistent twofold downstream deepening of flow depth across the backwater zone, a pattern that is also present in many natural systems. In general, backwater effects play a key role in the morphodynamics of a lowland fluvial-deltaic system during autoretreat, and this hydrodynamic condition is therefore critical for predicting river responses to sea-level change.
Factors affecting the rates of adherence to surveillance recommendations for incidental pancreatic cystic lesions in a large urban safety net hospital
Authors: Canakis Andrew , Maoz Asaf , Tkacz Jaroslaw N , Huang Christopher 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are a heterogenous group of lesions with varying degrees of malignant potential. PCLs are often incidentally detected on imaging. Management for patients without an immediate indication for resection or tissue sampling entails radiographic surveillance to assess for features concerning for malignant transformation. This study aims to determine the rates of adherence to surveillance recommendations for incidental PCLs, and identify factors associated with adherence or loss of follow-up.MethodsWe conducted a single-centre retrospective study of patients at a tertiary safety net hospital with incidentally discovered asymptomatic PCLs. Follow-up was defined as having undergone repeat imaging as recommended in the radiology report. Data were analysed using logistic regression.ResultsWithin our cohort (n=172), 123 (71.5%) subjects completed follow-up imaging. Attending a gastroenterology appointment was most strongly associated with completing follow-up for PCLs and remained significant (p=0.001) in a multivariate logistic regression model. Subjects without a documented primary care provider were less likely to have follow-up (p=0.028). Larger cyst size was associated with completion of follow-up in univariate only (p=0.067).ConclusionWe found that follow-up of an incidentally discovered PCLs was completed in the majority of our subjects. Incomplete follow-up for PCLs occurred in up to one in three to four patients in our cohort. Access to primary care and utilisation of subspecialty gastroenterology care are associated with completion of follow-up for PCLs. If validated, our findings can guide potential interventions to improve follow-up rates for PCLs.
Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (C-PHQ-9) in patients with psoriasis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ye Xin , Shu Hui-Ling , Feng Xia , Xia Deng-mei , Wang Zheng-qun , Mi Wen-yao , Yu Bei , Zhang Xue-li , Li Changqiang 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (C-PHQ-9) in patients with psoriasis.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTertiary care centre.ParticipantsPatients with psoriasis who have not been diagnosed with depression (n=148; mean age 43.37±17.46 years; 31.19% female).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures considered in this study were the C-PHQ-9 and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). The American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-V) was used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of depression. Cronbach’s α and test–retest reliability after 1 week were evaluated using reliability analysis, and criterion and structural validity were assessed using validity analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to identify the best demarcation score and diagnostic accuracy.ResultsCompared with DSM-V (27.27%), both C-PHQ-9 (39.19%) and HAMD (31.01%) had higher rates for detecting depression. The mean completion time for C-PHQ-9 evaluation (2.02±0.84 min) was significantly less than that for HAMD (23.37±3.21 min, p<0.001). The Cronbach’s α coefficient for the C-PHQ-9 was 0.938. The correlation coefficients of the nine items with the total scale ranged from 0.540 to 0.854, and the mean inter-item correlation coefficients ranged from 0.376 to 0.933. After a week, the retest coefficient was 0.955 (p<0.01). Principal component factor analysis showed that C-PHQ-9 identified a unifactorial structure. The best cut-off point was 9 points, with a sensitivity of 98.00% and a specificity of 90.80%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.979 (95% CI 0.968 to 0.991).ConclusionC-PHQ-9 has good reliability and validity in patients with psoriasis and can be used for primary screening of patients with psoriasis and depression. This scale has obvious time and labour advantages over the HAMD and should be considered for use in clinical practice.
Health of mothers of children with a life-limiting condition: a protocol for comparative cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Fraser Lorna Katharine , Murtagh Fliss E M , Sheldon Trevor , Gilbody Simon , Hewitt Catherine 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionThere are now nearly 50 000 children with a life-limiting or life-threatening condition in the UK. These include conditions where there is no reasonable hope of cure and from which they will die, as well as conditions for which curative treatment may be feasible but can fail, for example, cancer or heart failure. Having a child with a life-limiting condition involves being a coordinator and provider of healthcare in addition to the responsibilities and pressures of parenting a child who is expected to die young. This adversely affects the health and well-being of these mothers and affects their ability to care for their child, but the extent of the impact is poorly understood.This study aims to quantify the incidence and nature of mental and physical morbidity in mothers of children with a life-limiting condition, their healthcare use and to assess whether there is a relationship between the health of the mother and the child’s condition.Methods and analysisA comparative cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and linked hospital data will include three groups of children and their mothers (those with a life-limiting condition, those with a chronic condition and those with no long-term health condition total=20 000 mother–child dyads). Incidence rates and incidence rate ratios will be used to quantify and compare the outcomes between groups with multivariable regression modelling used to assess the relationship between the child’s disease trajectory and mother’s health.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol has approval from the Independent Scientific Advisory Committee for the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency Database Research. The results of this study will be reported according to the STROBE and RECORD guidelines. There will also be a lay summary for parents which will be available to download from the Martin House Research Centre website (www.york.ac.uk/mhrc).
Patients’ experiences with fluctuations in persistent physical symptoms: a qualitative study
Authors: Barends Hieke , Walstock Ella , Botman Femke , de Kruif Anja , Claassen Nikki , van der Wouden Johannes C , olde Hartman Tim , Dekker Joost , van der Horst Henriette 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo explore patients’ experiences with fluctuations in persistent physical symptoms (PPS) and to understand which factors—from their viewpoint—play a role in these fluctuations.DesignQualitative study using semistructured interviews and thematic content analysis.SettingThis qualitative study is part of a multicentre prospective cohort study on the course of PPS. Patients were recruited in general practices and specialised treatment facilities for PPS throughout the Netherlands.ParticipantsInterviews were conducted with a sample of fifteen patients with PPS to explore their experiences with fluctuations in symptom severity.ResultsWe identified three themes in the analysis: (1) patterns in symptom fluctuations (2) perceived causes of symptom exacerbations and (3) Patients’ strategies in gaining control over symptom exacerbations. Daily and weekly fluctuations in symptoms were an important element in patients’ experiences. In particular anticipating on the worsening of symptoms impacted their daily routines and posed various challenges. Symptom exacerbations were attributed to overstepping physical limits and/or the impact of negative emotions. Resigning to physical limits, adjusting ones daily planning, weighing personal needs and learning to say ‘no’ were described as different strategies in gaining control over symptom exacerbations.ConclusionsFluctuations in the severity of symptoms—and in particular daily and weekly symptom exacerbations—are an important element of the symptom experience in patients with PPS and poses various challenges. Patients attributed symptom exacerbation to overstepping physical limits and/or negative emotions. Patients described different strategies in gaining control over symptom exacerbations.
Cardiovascular disease risk perception in a Hungarian community sample: psychometric evaluation of the ABCD Risk Perception Questionnaire
Authors: Martos Tamas , Csabai Márta , Bagyura Zsolt , Ocsovszky Zsófia , Rafael Beatrix , Sallay Viola , Merkely Béla 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesReliable and valid assessment of subjective risk perception is a crucial part of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and rehabilitation. Since the recently developed Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease (ABCD) Risk Questionnaire complies with these requirements, the aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the measure.Design and settingCommunity-based cross-sectional observational studyParticipantsIn sum, 410 (M=49.53 years, SD=8.09) Hungarian adults (inclusion criteria: aged 35 and above, not under treatment with a psychiatric disorder) were included in the present study (female: n=277, 67.6%; college or university-level education: n=247, 60.2%).MethodsWe translated the ABCD Risk Questionnaire into Hungarian and checked its psychometric properties and validity indices.Primary outcome measuresInternal consistency, explorative and confirmative factorial validity. Associations with sociodemographic and health-related characteristics, as well as with measures of mental health (depressive symptoms, perceived stress and well-being).ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a three-factor solution, corresponding to the original subscales of Risk Perception, Perceived Benefits and Healthy Eating Intentions, with a moderate correlation between the latent constructs. The respondents’ level of knowledge on CVD risk factors was largely independent of their subjective risk perception. The results also provided evidence on the weak-to-medium associations between mental health indices and CVD-related perceptions. Based on the results, a shortened scale version was also suggested.ConclusionThis study confirms the factorial structure, internal consistency and validity of the Hungarian version of the ABCD Risk Questionnaire in a non-English-speaking community sample. The ABCD Risk Perception Questionnaire is a parsimonious and psychometrically adequate measure to assess CVD-related attitudes and knowledge in the general population. Further research is needed in socioeconomically more diverse and in clinical samples, as well as in longitudinal intervention studies.
Association between poor sleep quality and depression symptoms among the elderly in nursing homes in Hunan province, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Zhao , Zhu Xidi , Kaminga Atipatsa Chiwanda , Zhu Tingting , Nie Yu , Xu Huilan 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the association between the prevalence of poor sleep quality and depression symptoms among the elderly in the nursing homes of Hunan province in China.Design, Setting and participantsThis was a cross-sectional study investigating 817 elderly people from 24 nursing homes in China’s Hunan province.Main outcome measuresSleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) such that poor sleep quality was defined as PSQI Score >5. In addition, depression symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Linear regression models and binary logistic regression models were used to analyse the relationship between the prevalence of poor sleep quality and depression symptoms.ResultsThe mean PSQI Score was 8.5±4.9, and the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 67.3%. Additionally, the mean GDS Score was 9.8±7.5, and the prevalence of depression symptoms was 36.0%. Elderly people with poor sleep quality had increased GDS Score (mean difference=2.54, 95% CI 1.66 to 3.42) and increased risk of depression symptoms (OR=3.19, 95% CI 2.04 to 4.98) after controlling for demographics, chronic disease history, lifestyle behaviours, social support, activities of daily living and negative life events.ConclusionsThe prevalence of poor sleep quality was relatively high, and this was associated with increased depression symptoms. Therefore, poor sleep quality could be speculated as a marker of current depression symptoms in the elderly.