bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish proliferation and rare-earth deposition by topographically induced upwelling at the late Eocene cooling event
Authors: Ohta Junichiro , Yasukawa Kazutaka , Nozaki Tatsuo , Takaya Yutaro , Mimura Kazuhide , Fujinaga Koichiro , Nakamura Kentaro , Usui Yoichi , Kimura Jun-Ichi , Chang Qing , Kato Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe deep-sea clay that covers wide areas of the pelagic ocean bottom provides key information about open-ocean environments but lacks age-diagnostic calcareous or siliceous microfossils. The marine osmium isotope record has varied in response to environmental changes and can therefore be a useful stratigraphic marker. In this study, we used osmium isotope ratios to determine the depositional ages of pelagic clays extraordinarily rich in fish debris. Much fish debris was deposited in the western North and central South Pacific sites roughly 34.4 million years ago, concurrent with a late Eocene event, a temporal expansion of Antarctic ice preceding the Eocene–Oligocene climate transition. The enhanced northward flow of bottom water formed around Antarctica probably caused upwelling of deep-ocean nutrients at topographic highs and stimulated biological productivity that resulted in the proliferation of fish in pelagic realms. The abundant fish debris is now a highly concentrated source of industrially critical rare-earth elements.
Experimental Investigation on Velocity and Temperature Field in a Rotating Non-isothermal Turbulent Boundary Layer using Hot-wire
Authors: Gangfu Li , Haiwang Li , Ruquan You , Huijie Wu , Zhi Tao , Shuangzhi Xia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis experiment measured the instantaneous temperature and velocity field synchronously in non-isothermal turbulent boundary layer in a rotating straight channel with a parallel-array hot-wire probe. The Reynolds number based on the bulk mean velocity (U) and hydraulic diameter (D) is 19000, and the rotation numbers are 0, 0.07, 0.14, 0.21 and 0.28. The mean velocityuand mean temperatureTas well as their fluctuating quantityu’andT’were measured at three streamwise locations (x/D = 4.06, 5.31, 6.56). A method for temperature-changing calibration with constant temperature hot-wire anemometers was proposed. It achieved the calibration in operational temperature range (15.5 °C–50 °C) of the hot-wire via a home-made heating section. The measurement system can obtain the velocity and temperature in a non-isothermal turbulent boundary layer at rotating conditions. The result analysis mainly contains the dimensionless mean temperature, temperature fluctuation as well as its skewness and flatness and streamwise turbulent heat flux. For the trailing side, the rotation effect is more obvious, and makes the dimensionless temperature profiles lower than that under static conditions. The dimensionless streamwise heat flux shows a linear decrease trend in the boundary layer. It is hoped that this research can improve our understanding of the flow and heat transfer mechanism in the internal cooling passages of turbine rotor blades.
Eco-production of silica from sugarcane bagasse ash for use as a photochromic pigment filler
Authors: Chindaprasirt Prinya , Rattanasak Ubolluk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSugarcane bagasse is a significant renewable energy source for the sugar and bioethanol industries. Bagasse ash is the waste from the combustion process and is mostly disposed of as landfill. Only a small quantity of bagasse ash is utilized as pozzolan in concrete, and a considerable quantity is left unused due to its high carbon and crystallite content. Generally, bagasse ash is rich in silica (SiO2), and it is thus an alternative source for silica extraction. In this paper, a low-energy and low-chemical consumption method is proposed to obtain silica from bagasse ash using alkali extraction and acid precipitation. The physical and chemical properties of the extracted silica are described. A silica yield of 80% and moisture absorption of 73% were achieved. The silica had amorphous phases and was light gray in color owing to the presence of carbon from incomplete combustion. Bagasse silica was used as an extender filler in an expensive photochromic pigment to increase the bulk volume. It was found that a pigment-to-silica mass ratio up to 1:10 could be used for thick-layer painting. However, a ratio of up to 1:3 is recommended for thin-layer screen-printing on fabrics. The bagasse ash silica-pigment blends have very good color fastness when washing; however, frequent aggressive washing should be avoided.
Direct tuning of graphene work function via chemical vapor deposition control
Authors: Yoon Taegeun , Wu Qinke , Yun Dong-Jin , Kim Seong Heon , Song Young Jae 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBesides its unprecedented physical and chemical characteristics, graphene is also well known for its formidable potential of being a next-generation device material. Work function (WF) of graphene is a crucial factor in the fabrication of graphene-based electronic devices because it determines the energy band alignment and whether the contact in the interface is Ohmic or Schottky. Tuning of graphene WF, therefore, is strongly demanded in many types of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Whereas study on work function tuning induced by doping or chemical functionalization has been widely conducted, attempt to tune the WF of graphene by controlling chemical vapor deposition (CVD) condition is not sufficient in spite of its simplicity. Here we report the successful WF tuning method for graphene grown on a Cu foil with a novel CVD growth recipe, in which the CH4/H2 gas ratio is changed. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) verifies that the WF-tuned regions, where the WF increases by the order of ~250 meV, coexist with the regions of intrinsic WF within a single graphene flake. By combining KPFM with lateral force microscopy (LFM), it is demonstrated that the WF-tuned area can be manipulated by pressing it with an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip and the tuned WF returns to the intrinsic WF of graphene. A highly plausible mechanism for the WF tuning is suggested, in which the increased graphene-substrate distance by excess H2 gases may cause the WF increase within a single graphene flake. This novel WF tuning method via a simple CVD growth control provides a new direction to manipulate the WF of various 2-dimensional nanosheets as well as graphene.
Efficient Synchronous Extraction of Nickel, Copper, and Cobalt from Low–Nickel Matte by Sulfation Roasting‒Water Leaching Process
Authors: Sun Qiangchao , Cheng Hongwei , Mei Xiaoyong , Liu Yanbo , Li Guangshi , Xu Qian , Lu Xionggang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsidering that the low recovery efficiency and the massive loss of valuable metals by the traditional pyrometallurgical process smelting low‒nickel matte. Therefore, this paper focuses on studying the optimal process parameters and the mechanism of sulphation roasting followed by water leaching achieving efficient synchronous extraction of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co) from low‒nickel matte with sodium sulfate as the sulfating addictive. Under optimal conditions, the recovery efficiency of Ni, Cu, and Co metals can achieve 95%, 99%, and 94%, respectively, whereas the recovery efficiency of Fe metal is less than 1%. The results revealed that the mechanism of the sulfating roasting pretreatment could form a liquidus eutectic compound sulfates [Na2Me(SO4)2] (Me = Ni, Cu, Co) at the solid–solid interface, which plays a significant role in promoting the leaching efficiency of valuable metals. Not only enhance the reaction kinetics of sulfation, but improve the utilization efficiency of SO2/SO3. Thus, the sulfation roasting‒water leaching process developing an efficient and eco-friendly pathway to simultaneous extraction of Ni, Cu, and Co valuable metals from low grade sulfide ores.
A validated computational framework to predict outcomes in TAVI
Authors: Bosi Giorgia M. , Capelli Claudio , Cheang Mun Hong , Delahunty Nicola , Mullen Michael , Taylor Andrew M. , Schievano Silvia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) still presents complications: paravalvular leakage (PVL) and onset of conduction abnormalities leading to permanent pacemaker implantation. Our aim was testing a validated patient-specific computational framework for prediction of TAVI outcomes and possible complications. Twenty-eight TAVI patients (14 SapienXT and 14 CoreValve) were retrospectively selected. Pre-procedural CT images were post-processed to create 3D patient-specific implantation sites. The procedures were simulated with finite element analysis. Simulations’ results were compared against post-procedural clinical fluoroscopy and echocardiography images. The computational model was in good agreement with clinical findings: the overall stent diameter difference was 2.6% and PVL was correctly identified with a post-processing algorithm in 83% of cases. Strains in the implantation site were studied to assess the risk of conduction system disturbance and were found highest in the patient who required pacemaker implantation. This study suggests that computational tool could support safe planning and broadening of TAVI.
Attack of the NETs! NETosis primes IL-1β-mediated inflammation in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Lee Man K.S. , Sreejit Gopalkrishna , Nagareddy Prabhakara R. , Murphy Andrew J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In volume 133 issue 4 of Clinical Science, Liu et al. showed that neutrophils release extracellular traps (NETs) in the setting of diabetes which acts as a stimulus for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages to promote IL1β-dependent exacerbation of inflammation. They also provide evidence to show that degrading NETs improves the wound healing process. These findings provide an insight into how NETs communicate with other cells in the vicinity (e.g. macrophages) to exacerbate the inflammatory response. Most importantly, they provide novel avenues to improve wound healing process such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) by targeting NETs.
The cloudbow of planet Earth observed in polarisation
Authors: Sterzik Michael F. , Bagnulo Stefano , Emde Claudia , Manev Mihail 
Published: June 2020

Context. Scattering processes in the atmospheres of planets cause characteristic features that can be particularly well observed in polarisation. For planet Earth, both molecular scattering (Rayleigh) and scattering by small particles (Mie) imprint specific signatures in its phase curve. Polarised phase curves allow us to infer physical and chemical properties of the atmosphere like the composition of the gaseous and liquid components, droplet sizes, and refraction indices.
Aims. An unequivocal prediction of a liquid-water-loaded atmosphere is the existence of a rainbow feature at a scattering angle of around 138–144°. Earthshine allows us to observe the primary rainbow in linear polarisation.
Methods. We observed polarisation spectra of Earthshine using FORS2 at the Very Large Telescope for phase angles from 33° to 65° (Sun–Earth–Moon angle). The spectra were used to derive the degree of polarisation in the B, V, R, and I passbands and the phase curve from 33° to 136°. The new observations extend to the smallest phases that can be observed from the ground.
Results. The degree of polarisation of planet Earth is increasing for decreasing phase angles downwards of 45° in the B, V, R, and I passbands. From comparison of the phase curve observed with models of an Earth-type atmosphere we are able to determine the refractive index of water and to constrain the mean water droplet sizes to 6−7μm. Furthermore, we can retrieve the mean cloud fraction of liquid water clouds to 0.3, and the mean optical depth of the water clouds to values between 10 and 20.
Conclusions. Our observations allow us to discern two fundamentally different scattering mechanisms of the atmosphere of planet Earth: molecular and particle scattering. The physical and chemical properties can be retrieved with high fidelity through suitable inversion of the phase curve. Observations of polarimetric phase curves of planets beyond the Solar System shall be extremely valuable for a thorough characterisation of their atmospheres.
Distribution of the 21-Gene Breast Recurrence Score in Patients with Primary Breast Cancer in Germany
Authors: Walter Vincent P. , Taran Florin-Andrei , Wallwiener Markus , Bauer Armin , Grischke Eva-Maria , Walter Christina Barbara , Hahn Markus , Brucker Sara Y. , Hartkopf Andreas Daniel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Multigene assays are being used increasingly to aid in decision-making about chemotherapy in breast cancer. Here, we present the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) of patients tested in routine clinical practice in Germany.
Patients and Methods In a retrospective analysis, 4695 patients with hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative early breast cancer (pT1 – 3, pN0 – 1, M0) were included in whom RS testing was conducted in Germany between November 2015 and July 2018. RS groups as defined in the TAILORx trial (RS result 0 – 10; 11 – 25; 26 – 100) were used.
Results Of these patients, 21% were assigned to the low RS group, 63% to the midrange RS group, and 15% to the high RS group. 1772 (81%) of 2175 node-negative patients over 50 years of age were grouped either into the low RS group or the midrange RS group. The portion of patients with a low or midrange RS was 90% among node-positive patients (1284 of 1432 patients), 79% among patients with Ki-67-high (≥ 20%) tumors (1829 of 2310 patients), 86% vs. 70% among patients with G2 and G3 tumors (3244 of 3762 patients and 368 of 522 patients), respectively, 88% among patients with a tumor size of > 5 cm (140 of 159 patients), and 82% among node-negative patients at high clinical risk (1110 of 1352).
Conclusions The distribution of the 21-gene RS in German patients that were tested in routine clinical practice indicates that, according to the results of the TAILORx trial, chemotherapy may not be beneficial in most of these.
Herzinfarktsterblichkeit innerhalb und außerhalb der Kliniken
in Berlin
Authors: Maier Birga , Loewe Annette , Larscheid Patrick , Behrens Steffen , Bruch Leonhard , Busse Reinhard , Schaefer Henning , Schoeller Ralph , Schühlen Helmut , Theres Heinz , Stockburger Martin 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Sterblichkeit am Herzinfarkt setzt sich zusammen aus
den außerhalb und innerhalb der Klinik Verstorbenen. Da es sich beim
Herzinfarkt um eine schwerwiegende Erkrankung handelt, ist der Anteil an
Patienten, die vor Krankenhausaufnahme versterben, vergleichsweise groß
und wie Daten aus Schweden und Augsburg zeigen in seiner relativen
Häufigkeit bezogen auf alle am Infarkt Verstorbenen über die
Zeit ansteigend. Ziel unserer Studie war es, für Berlin den Anteil an
außerhalb zu innerhalb der Klinik am Infarkt Verstorbenen zu
ermitteln.
Methode Gemeinsam mit dem Berliner Zentralarchiv für
Leichenschauscheine wurden alle Leichenschauscheine vom 1.7.14–30.6.15
durchgesehen und die 1076 Verstorbenen, bei denen im Leichenschauschein Infarkt
nach bestimmten Suchworten oder ICD10 kodiert (I21, I22, I23) angegeben wurde,
anonymisiert in unsere Studie eingeschlossen.
Ergebnis Von den 1076 identifizierten Patienten verstarben 66%
außerhalb und 34% während ihres Krankenhausaufenthaltes.
Die innerhalb und außerhalb der Kliniken am Infarkt Verstorbenen zeigten
keine Unterschiede im Anteil Frauen (40,4% innerhalb, 39,0%
außerhalb; p=0,671), in der Häufigkeit der Obduktion
(16,8–16,6%; p=0,938) oder in der Todesart
„nicht natürlich“ bzw. ungewiss
(17,1–19,3%; p=0,388). Unterschiede gab es im Alter und
in den Sterbemonaten. Die außerhalb der Kliniken an einem Herzinfarkt
Verstorbenen waren vergleichsweise jünger (76J.) als die in den Kliniken
Verstorbenen (80J.). Dabei ist die Differenz am größten bei
den<65-Jährigen, die zu 76,3% außerhalb und zu
23,7% in der Klinik verstarben. In den Monaten Juli–September
war der relative Anteil an außerhalb der Klinik Verstorbenen mit
15,4% am niedrigsten und mit 29,4% für die innerhalb der
Klinik Verstorbenen am höchsten. Diese Tendenz traf auf jüngere
und ältere Verstorbene und auf Männer und Frauen
gleichermaßen zu.
Schlussfolgerung Im Untersuchungszeitraum Juli 2014 bis Juni 2015
verstarben zwei Drittel der am Infarkt Verstorbenen in Berlin außerhalb
der Kliniken. Der Herzinfarkttod außerhalb der Kliniken betraf bevorzugt
Jüngere und variierte jahreszeitlich. Das im Vergleich zur
stationären Sterblichkeit nach wie vor hohe Ausmaß der
Herzinfarktsterblichkeit außerhalb der Kliniken sollte vermehrte
Anstrengungen zu wissenschaftlich begleiteter verbesserter Prävention
und Versorgung stimulieren.
Prädiktoren und Auswirkungen von Ermittlungsverfahren wegen
Cannabis
Authors: Hanewinkel Reiner , Seidel Ann-Kathrin , Morgenstern Matthis 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Zielsetzung 2018 wurden 218 660 Fälle von
Rauschgiftkriminalität im Zusammenhang mit Cannabis registriert.
Prädiktoren und Auswirkungen cannabisbezogener Ermittlungsverfahren
sollten untersucht werden.
Methode Retrospektive Kohortenstudie mit 10 432 Personen zwischen
15 und 46 Jahren (M=22,2 Jahre, SD=4,8); davon 54,6%
männlich. Die Stichproben-Rekrutierung erfolgte 2018 über
soziale Medien. Der Online Fragebogen erfasste potentielle Prädiktoren
und als Ergebnisparameter die mentale Gesundheit, den sozialen Status, die
Arbeitslosigkeit, die Höhe des Einkommens sowie problematischen
Cannabis- und Alkoholkonsum.
Ergebnisse 9246 Personen (88,6%) hatten jemals in ihrem Leben
Cannabis konsumiert. Gegen 1736 Personen (18,8%) wurde ein
cannabisbezogenes Ermittlungsverfahren eingeleitet. Diese Personen waren
häufiger männlich, älter, verfügten seltener
über das Abitur, hatten höhere Sensation Seeking-Werte, hatten
häufiger eine ADHS-Diagnose, begannen früher mit dem
Cannabiskonsum und hatten in allen Cannabiskonsumvariablen höhere
Ausprägungen. Keine signifikanten Assoziationen fanden sich zwischen
Ermittlungsverfahren und der Höhe des Einkommens, der Arbeitslosigkeit,
der mentalen Gesundheit oder dem subjektiven sozialen Status. Von den befragten
Nie- oder ehemaligen Konsumenten gaben 63,4 bzw. 44,8% als Grund
für die Abstinenz an, keine Schwierigkeiten mit dem Gesetz bekommen zu
wollen.
Schlussfolgerung Es fanden sich keine Hinweise, dass cannabisbezogene
Ermittlungsverfahren Auswirkungen auf die aktuelle Lebens- bzw.
Gesundheitssituation hatten. Befürchtungen, Schwierigkeiten mit dem
Gesetz zu bekommen, waren insbesondere für Personen relevant, die noch
nie oder derzeit kein Cannabis konsumierten.
Unterstützungsbedarf und -möglichkeiten für
Hausärzte in der Versorgung von Patienten mit komplexem Bedarf: Eine
Fragebogenerhebung Berliner Hausärzte
Authors: Döpfmer Susanne , Trusch Barbara , Stumm Judith , Peter Lisa , Kuempel Lisa , Grittner Ulrike , Schnitzer Susanne , Rieckmann Nina , Dini Lorena , Heintze Christoph 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Vor dem Hintergrund der demografischen Entwicklung werden
zukünftig Versorgungsmodelle wichtig, die Hausärzte in der
Versorgung von Patienten mit komplexem Bedarf unterstützen
können. Die vorliegende Fragebogenstudie untersucht, welche Formen der
Unterstützung sich Berliner Hausärzte wünschen.
Methodik Alle niedergelassenen Hausärzte Berlins (n=2354)
wurden im Zeitraum August bis September 2018 postalisch gebeten, einen
für die Fragestellung entwickelten Fragebogen auszufüllen. Die
Fragen adressierten den Unterstützungsbedarf sowie verschiedene
Unterstützungsmodelle. Es wurde zwischen
Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten innerhalb (Delegation, Substitution)
und außerhalb (Sozialarbeiter, Versorgungslotsen,
Pflegestützpunkt) von Hausarztpraxen differenziert. Die Auswertung
erfolgte deskriptiv, sowie explorativ multivariat in Bezug auf
Zusammenhänge zwischen der Zustimmung zu Unterstützungsmodellen
und Praxis- bzw. Arztcharakteristika (Alter, Geschlecht der Ärzte, Lage
der Praxis, Praxisform, Arbeitszeit).
Ergebnisse 557 Fragebögen (Response Rate 23,7%) wurden
ausgewertet. Unterstützungsbedarf wurde v. a. für
administrative, koordinative und organisatorische Tätigkeiten gesehen
sowie für soziale und sozialrechtliche Fragestellungen. Ein
Großteil der teilnehmenden hausärztlichen Praxen steht sowohl
der Delegation als auch der Substitution ärztlicher Leistungen positiv
gegenüber. Darüber hinaus ist für Hausärzte auch
Unterstützung außerhalb der eigenen Praxis durch Mitarbeiter
eines ambulanten Pflegedienstes, eines Pflegestützpunktes, oder durch
Sozialarbeiter und Versorgungslotsen vorstellbar. Insbesondere jüngere
und weibliche Hausärzte sowie diejenigen, die bereits in kooperativen
Praxis-Strukturen tätig sind, sind offen für kooperative
Ansätze unter Einbeziehung weiterer Gesundheitsberufe.
Schlussfolgerung Es bestehen noch unzureichend genutzte Potenziale der
Delegation und der Kooperation mit bestehenden Strukturen. Die hier befragten
Berliner Hausärzte zeigten ein hohes Maß an Zustimmung zu
Delegation und Substitution. Aber auch Gesundheitsberufe und Institutionen
außerhalb der eigenen Praxis könnten die Hausärzte
stärker unterstützen. Insbesondere für administrative
und koordinative Tätigkeiten sowie für soziale und
sozialrechtliche Fragestellungen wird Unterstützungsbedarf gesehen. In
weiteren Untersuchungen sollte die Akzeptanz unter der Ärzteschaft und
die Machbarkeit unterschiedlicher Modelle weiter untersucht werden.
Impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Goenka Mahesh K. , Afzalpurkar Shivaraj , Ghoshal Uday C. , Guda Nalini , Reddy Nageshwar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Gastrointestinal endoscopy, being an aerosol-generating procedure, has the potential to transmit Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic. Adequate knowledge is the key to prevention. A survey, perhaps the first, was conducted among Indian endoscopists to assess the impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 on gastroinestinal endoscopy practice in the country.
Methods From April 24 to 28, 2020, an electronic survey (using Google Form) was conducted with 23 questions (single or multiple answers) on: (1) endoscopy practice before the pandemic; (2) knowledge about COVID-19; and (3) its impact on endoscopy practice.
Results Responses were received from 375 of 1205 (31.1 %) endoscopists. Most (35.7 %) were young (31–40 years), practicing in corporate multi-speciality hospitals (44.6 %) or independent practice set-up (17.7 %) in metropolitan cities (55.6 %) and urban areas (42.3 %). In most units (75.4 %), fewer than 10 % of procedures performed are endoscopies, as compared to before the pandemic. A reduction in volume of endoscopy related to restriction of the routine procedures by the latest guideline was reported by 86.9 % of respondents. Most are using N95 masks (74.7 %) and/or complete personal protective equipment (PPE, 49.2 %) during endoscopic procedures. Only 18.3 % of respondents had access to negative pressure rooms either within (5.4 %) or outside (12.9 %) the usual endoscopy suite.
Conclusion Endoscopy units in India are performing fewer than 10 % of their usual volumes due to current restrictions. Resources to follow current international guidelines, including use of negative pressure rooms and PPE, are limited. Alternate measures are needed to keep up the services.
Force-Induced Cycloaddition of Aziridine: Can We Force a New Route?
Authors: Yoon Hyo Jae , Jung Sangmin , Kim Seo Yeon 
Published: June 2020

Cycloaddition reactions of aziridines with dipolarophiles under traditional thermal or photochemical conditions entail destructive routes to form reactive intermediates such as an azomethine ylide. This article highlights a recent study that demonstrates a cycloaddition reaction of aziridine induced by mechanical force. Experimental results suggest that the force-induced cycloaddition of aziridine with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate as a dipolarophile does not seem to involve an ylide, with implications for a possible new reaction route.1 Rivalry between Aziridine and Epoxide2 Mechanochemically Responsive Polymers3 Aziridine Mechanophore4 Concluding Remarks and Outlook