bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of biomimetic scaffolds for bone regeneration: Toward a cell‐free strategy
Authors: Jiang Sijing , Wang Mohan , He Jiacai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn clinical terms, bone grafting currently involves the application of autogenous, allogeneic, or xenogeneic bone grafts, as well as natural or artificially synthesized materials, such as polymers, bioceramics, and other composites. Many of these are associated with limitations. The ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering should provide mechanical support while promoting osteogenesis, osteoconduction, and even osteoinduction. There are various structural complications and engineering difficulties to be considered. Here, we describe the biomimetic possibilities of the modification of natural or synthetic materials through physical and chemical design to facilitate bone tissue repair. This review summarizes recent progresses in the strategies for constructing biomimetic scaffolds, including ion‐functionalized scaffolds, decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds, and micro‐ and nano‐scale biomimetic scaffold structures, as well as reactive scaffolds induced by physical factors, and other acellular scaffolds. The fabrication techniques for these scaffolds, along with current strategies in clinical bone repair, are described. The developments in each category are discussed in terms of the connection between the scaffold materials and tissue repair, as well as the interactions with endogenous cells. As the advances in bone tissue engineering move toward application in the clinical setting, the demonstration of the therapeutic efficacy of these novel scaffold designs is critical.
Chemical Labeling of Protein 4′‐Phosphopantetheinylation
Authors: Chen Nan , Wang Chu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNature uses a diverse array of protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs) to regulate protein structure, activity, localization, and function. Among them, protein 4′‐phosphopantetheinylation derived from coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential PTM for the biosynthesis of fatty acids, polyketides, and nonribosomal peptides in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. To explore its functions, various chemical probes mimicking the natural structure of 4′‐phosphopantetheinylation have been developed. In this minireview, we summarize these chemical probes and describe their applications in direct and metabolic labeling of proteins in bacterial and mammalian cells.
seco‐Labdanes: A Study of Terpenoid Structural Diversity Resulting from Biosynthetic C−C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Grant Phillip S. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe cleavage of a C−C bond is a complexity generating process, which complements oxidation and cyclisation events in the biosynthesis of terpenoids. This process leads to increased structural diversity in a cluster of related secondary metabolites by modification of the parent carbocyclic core. In this review, we highlight the diversifying effect of C−C bond cleavage by examining the literature related to seco‐labdanes—a class of diterpenoids arising from such C−C bond cleavage events.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Lepadin F based on a Stereoselective Diels–Alder Reaction Controlled by a Ketolactone‐type Dienophile
Authors: Gu He , Hu Yue , Jia Yuanliang , Zhou Qin , Luo Guiyin , Chen Xiaochuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn efficient approach to the type III lepadin alkaloids (lepadins F and G) has been developed through a key Diels–Alder reaction, in which a novel ketolactone‐type dienophile with chiral diol unit is employed to generate the desirable all‐cis‐trisubstituted cyclohexene with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity control. The subsequent selective sulfonylation of the diol unit followed by SN2 cyclization under hydrogenation conditions could construct the substituted piperidine ring. By using this approach, (−)‐lepadin F is synthesized from ethyl l‐lactate for the first time.
Aerobic Copper‐Catalyzed Salicylaldehydic Cformyl−H Arylations with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Xiao Lin , Lang Tao‐Tao , Jiang Ying , Zang Zhong‐Lin , Zhou Cheng‐He , Cai Gui‐Xin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report a challenging copper‐catalyzed Cformyl−H arylation of salicylaldehydes with arylboronic acids that involves unique salicylaldehydic copper species that differ from reported salicylaldehydic rhodacycles and palladacycles. This protocol has high chemoselectivity for the Cformyl−H bond compared to the phenolic O−H bond involving copper catalysis under high reaction temperatures. This approach is compatible with a wide range of salicylaldehyde and arylboronic acid substrates, including estrone and carbazole derivatives, which leads to the corresponding arylation products. Mechanistic studies show that the 2‐hydroxy group of the salicylaldehyde substrate triggers the formation of salicylaldehydic copper complexes through a CuI/CuII/CuIII catalytic cycle.
Calibration‐Free Chemical Process and Quality Control Units as Enablers for Modular Production
Authors: Bornemann‐Pfeiffer Martin , Kern Simon , Maiwald Michael , Meyer Klas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractModular chemical production is a tangible translation of the digital transformation of the process industry for specialty chemicals. In particular, it enables the speeding‐up of process development and, thus, a quicker time to market by flexibly connecting and orchestrating standardized physical modules and bringing them to life (i.e., parameterizing them) with digitally accumulated process knowledge. We focus on the specific challenges of chemical process and quality control, which in its current form is not well suited for modular production and provide possible approaches and examples of the change towards direct analytical methods, analytical model transfer or machine‐supported processes.
Prediction of arsenic removal in aqueous solutions with non‐neural network algorithms
Authors: Hafsa Noor , Al‐Yaari Mohammed , Rushd Sayeed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite some well‐known limitations of artificial neural network (ANN), the basic ANN and its derivatives are frequently used to predict the removal efficiency of different heavy metals like arsenic (As) using various adsorbents, including bio‐adsorbents. Notable examples of applying non‐neural network (NN) approaches, such as support vector regression (SVR) and random forest (RF), are almost non‐existent in theliterature. In the current study, the suitability of these modules to predict As removal efficiency was investigated based on seven independent experimental data sets. The SVR and RF experiments with the merged datasets of experimental and interpolated data points demonstrated their effectivity for the prediction. Specifically, the RF method achieved 97.3% Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (SRCC) and 95.9% R2 on average, whereas its SVR counterpart exhibited average performances of 96.3% SRCC and 93.9% R2 on a hold‐out test set. A general method based on the natural cubic spline technique was introduced to interpolate the experimental data points. Compared to the ANN methodology, the non‐NN approaches involved tuning fewer hyperparameters and easier training processes in the R open‐source framework. Furthermore, this kind of economical application of the machine learning algorithms allowed ranking the experimental parameters based on their relative contribution in the As removal efficiency. The study showed that the following parameters are the most influential ones, in decreasing order: pH, adsorbent dose, temperature, agitation time, and initial As concentration.
Improved data transfer efficiency for scale‐out heterogeneous workloads using on‐the‐fly I/O link compression
Authors: Plauth Max , Bruguera Micó Joan , Polze Andreas 
Published: December 2020

SummaryGraphics processing units (GPUs) are unarguably vital to keep up with the perpetually growing demand for compute capacity of data‐intensive applications. However, the overhead of transferring data between host and GPU memory is already a major limiting factor on the single‐node level. The situation intensifies in scale‐out scenarios, where data movement is becoming even more expensive. By augmenting the CloudCL framework with 842‐based compression facilities, this article demonstrates that transparent on‐the‐fly I/O link compression can yield performance improvements between 1.11× and 2.07× across tested scale‐out GPU workloads.
Hourglass‐shaped impedance network based nonelectrolytic capacitors high step‐up converter with low voltage stress
Authors: Zhang Guidong , Chen Weichen , Yu Samson S. , El Aroudi Abdelali 
Published: December 2020

SummaryIn this study, a novel high‐step‐up converter is proposed with a new hourglass‐shaped impedance network (HIN). Due to the short lifetime of electrolytic capacitors (ECs), the proposed converter uses nonelectrolytic capacitors (NECs), which however can realize all ECs' features. Besides, the proposed converter has low capacitor voltage stresses, ensuring it could be electrolytic‐capacitors‐free. With this feature, the proposed high step‐up converter has smaller size, lighter weight, smaller parasitic resistance, and longer operation life than the conventional ones with ECs. In this paper, detailed operational principle and performance of the proposed converter are presented, to demonstrate its advanced features. Simulation and experimental studies are also carried out, which validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed converter.
A call to experimentally study acute affect‐regulation mechanisms specific to driven exercise in eating disorders
Authors: Kolar David R. , Gorrell Sasha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDriven exercise (i.e., feeling compelled to exercise to control one's weight or shape, to obtain other positive consequences of exercising, or to avoid other negative consequences of not exercising) is a common phenomenon in individuals with eating disorders (EDs), typically associated with negative clinical outcomes. Current theoretical models of driven exercise highlight the short‐term affect‐regulating outcome of acute driven exercise, which is implicated to maintain this symptom either by positive or negative reinforcement. However, few studies have actually investigated cognitive, affective, and psychobiological mechanisms related to acute driven exercise. In particular, experimental studies that directly test mechanisms leading to the short‐term affective improvement after acute driven exercise are scarce. In this article, we therefore propose potential cognitive, affective, and psychobiological mechanisms that could explain the affect‐regulating function of driven exercise in individuals with EDs. In addition, we suggest examples of experimental studies that could directly test these mechanisms in individuals with EDs, as recent studies have demonstrated the safety of supervised exercise in EDs research. Our aim of stimulating research on the underlying causes and maintenance factors of driven exercise in EDs has the potential to critically inform treatment development for this high‐risk population.
Reproductive and genetic roles of the maternal progenitor in the origin of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Matsuoka Yoshihiro , Mori Naoki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCommon wheat (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD genome) is thought to have emerged through natural hybridization between Triticum turgidum L. (AABB genome) and Aegilops tauschii Coss. (DD genome). Hybridization barriers and doubling of the trihaploid F1 hybrids’ genome (ABD) via unreduced gamete fusion had key roles in the process. However, how T. turgidum, the maternal progenitor, was involved in these mechanisms remains unknown. An artificial cross‐experiment using 46 cultivated and 31 wild T. turgidum accessions and a single Ae. tauschii tester with a very short genetic distance to the common wheat D genome was conducted. Cytological and quantitative trait locus analyses of F1 hybrid genome doubling were performed. The crossability and ability to cause hybrid inviability did not greatly differ between the cultivars and wild accessions. The ability to cause hybrid genome doubling was higher in the cultivars. Three novel T. turgidum loci for hybrid genome doubling, which influenced unreduced gamete production in F1 hybrids, were identified. Cultivated T. turgidum might have increased the probability of the emergence of common wheat through its enhanced ability to cause genome doubling in F1 hybrids with Ae. tauschii. The ability enhancement might have involved alterations at a relatively small number of loci.
Interaction between hypotension and age on adrenal crisis diagnosis
Authors: Rushworth R. Louise , Goubar Thomas , Ostman Cecilia , McGrath Shaun , Torpy David J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether adrenal crisis (AC) identification may be affected by the definition of hypotension.ContextDelays in AC diagnosis can result in adverse outcomes. AC‐related cardiovascular compromise may vary according to baseline blood pressure and may be associated with delayed AC detection in some patients.DesignA retrospective study of paired systolic blood pressure (sBP) measurements in hospitalized patients with primary AI (PAI).PatientsPatients with PAI and an acute illness admitted for urgent treatment between 2000 and 2017.MeasurementsA comparison between sBP on hospital arrival and on discharge. Hypotension was classified as either absolute hypotension (sBP 100mg or lower) or relative hypotension (sBP over 100 mg but at least 20 mm Hg lower than discharge sBP).ResultsOf 152 admissions with paired blood pressure measurements, 46 (30.3%) included a medically diagnosed AC. Absolute hypotension was found in 38 (25.0%) records, and a further 21 (13.8%) patients were classified as having relative hypotension. Patients aged 65 years and older had the lowest (14.8%, n = 8) proportion with absolute hypotension but the highest (27.8%, n = 15) with relative hypotension. Use of either absolute or relative hypotension as the criterion for AC diagnosis increased the proportion of patients with an AC by 28.3% and the proportion of patients with an AC in the oldest age group by 130%.ConclusionsFailure to detect cardiovascular compromise is common in older AI patients, may underestimate the AC rate in this group, and delay essential treatment. Relative hypotension may play a role in AC diagnosis.
Seismic response of elastic multidegree of freedom oscillators placed on the top of rocking storey
Authors: Bantilas Kosmas E. , Kavvadias Ioannis E. , Vasiliadis Lazaros K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the seismic response of multistorey structures placed on the top of a rocking storey is examined. For this purpose, an analytical model that allows the interaction of all vibration modes of the superstructure with the rocking base is introduced. As uplift of the rocking base modifies the dynamic properties of the superstructure, modal analysis is performed and the vibration mode properties during rocking are demonstrated. Subsequently, dynamic time history analyses are performed and the effect of higher vibration modes of the superstructure on the rocking response is investigated. In addition, the seismic demands of the superstructure as well as their distribution throughout the storeys are examined. The results indicate that the higher vibration modes affect the rocking response of the base, although their influence depends on the stiffness of the superstructure. Furthermore, the seismic demands of the superstructure depend primarily on the size of the rocking columns. Finally, during rocking response all the vibration modes are excited and contribute to the distribution of the seismic loads throughout the floors of the superstructure.
Hello again: Managing talent with boomerang employees
Authors: Snyder Deirdre G. , Stewart Virginia R. , Shea Catherine T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBoomerang employees—previous employees who return to an organization after an absence—offer unique value in the talent pool, representing external employees with internal job experience. Utilizing a sample from a professional services firm in the United States, we draw from the literature on talent management and renegotiated psychological contracts to compare the compensation, satisfaction, commitment, and performance of boomerangs to similar employees who never left the firm. We find that reentry yields improvements in compensation, satisfaction, and organizational commitment for boomerangs relative to matched internal employees. Archival analysis of hours worked reveals that boomerangs spend significantly more hours on extra‐role projects rather than in‐role billable client hours. Boomerang performance is, however, on par with that of matched internal employees who never left the firm. Implications for adopting a boomerang talent management strategy and the renegotiation of disrupted psychological contracts are discussed.
Performance of cabbage at different irrigation levels under drip and microsprinkler irrigation systems*
Authors: Shinde M.G. , Pawar D.D. , Kale K.D. , Dingre S.K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractField experiments were conducted for 3 years to investigate an appropriate irrigation management strategy that would lead to increased cabbage productivity along with saving in irrigation water. Cabbage was grown with microsprinkler and drip irrigation methods with four irrigation levels based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) as 0.8 ETc, 0.9 ETc, 1 ETc, and 1.1 ETc. It was found that cabbage crop performed better with the microsprinkler system than the drip system. All the growth‐ and yield‐contributing characters in the microsprinkler irrigation method were significantly superior over drip irrigation. The maximum yield of cabbage was obtained by the microsprinkler method (37 t ha−1) with irrigation scheduling at 1 ETc followed by 0.9 ETc (35.5 t ha−1). However, highest water use efficiency (114 kg ha−1 mm−1) was obtained in drip irrigation with 0.9 ETc irrigation level, and the highest net income per mm of water (Rs 622) was obtained in drip irrigation with 1 ETc irrigation level. Microsprinkling gave 7.30% more yield of cabbage than the drip method, whereas the drip method saved 32% more water than the microsprinkler method. It is therefore recommended to adopt the microsprinkler irrigation method to obtain a potential yield of cabbage. However, when water is a limiting factor, it is recommended to grow cabbage with the drip irrigation method.
The interactions between mTOR and NF‐κB: A novel mechanism mediating mechanical stretch‐stimulated osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Wang Dan , Cai Jing , Zeng Zhaobin , Gao Xue , Shao Xi , Ding Yuanjun , Feng Xue , Jing Da 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMechanical stretch is known to promote osteoblast differentiation in vitro and accelerate bone regeneration in vivo, whereas the relevant mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have shown the importance of reciprocal interactions between mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB; two downstream molecules of Akt) in the regulation of tumor cells. Thus, we hypothesize that mTOR and NF‐κB as well as their interconnection play a critical role in mediating stretch‐induced osteogenic differentiation in osteoblasts. We herein found that mechanical stretch (10% elongation at six cycles/min) significantly promoted the expression of osteoblast differentiation‐related markers (including ALP, BMP2, Col1α, OCN, and Runx2) in osteoblast‐like MG‐63 cells, accompanied by increased mTOR phosphorylation and NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Blockade of mTOR by antagonist or small interfering RNA suppressed osteogenesis‐related gene expression in response to mechanical stretch, whereas inhibition of NF‐κB further increased stretch‐induced osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, inhibition of mTOR decreased the phosphorylation of NF‐κB, and blockade of NF‐κB reduced the mTOR activation in MG63 cells under mechanical stretch. Coinhibition of mTOR and NF‐κB abolishes the alteration of osteogenic differentiation induced by single mTOR or NF‐κB inhibition under mechanical stretch, which is equivalent to the noninhibition level for osteoblasts under mechanical stretch. The expression levels of osteogenic differentiation in osteoblasts after inhibition of Akt were similar to those after co‐inhibition of mTOR and NF‐κB under mechanical stretch. This study for the first time reveals the reciprocal interconnection between mTOR and NF‐κB in osteoblasts under mechanical stretch and indicates that mTOR and NF‐κB as well as their interactions play a key role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis of osteoblasts in response to mechanical stretch. These findings are helpful for enriching our basic knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of osteoblast mechanotransduction, and also providing insight into the clinical therapeutic modality associated with mechanical stretch (e.g., distraction osteogenesis).
Ultrasound findings for spontaneous regression of omphalomesenteric remnant after birth
Authors: Mitani Yasuyuki , Noguchi Kohei , Nishikawa Masanori , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report a rare case of spontaneous regression of omphalomesenteric remnant after birth. Unlike previously reported cases, no surgery was required. The omphalomesenteric duct sometimes persists at birth. Its regression after birth, however, is extremely rare. A neonate passed a bloody stool 3 minutes after birth. Meckel's scan detected slight technetium‐99 m uptake around the umbilicus. Sonographic examination detected a luminal structure connected to the small bowel, which gradually regressed, however, and was no longer visible by the 52nd day after birth. Careful follow‐up is required after occurrence of bloody stool and intestinal obstruction from Meckel's diverticulum.
Ultrasound‐guided nasogastric tube placement in a pediatric emergency department
Authors: Mori Takaaki , Takei Hirokazu , Ihara Takateru , Hagiwara Yusuke , Nomura Osamu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNasogastric tube (NGT) insertion is commonly performed in pediatric emergency care. Point‐of‐care ultrasound is used for confirming NGT insertion, but reports of its use in the pediatric emergency department (ED) are scarce. We describe our experience of ultrasound‐guided NGT placement in a pediatric ED. The study pool consisted of twelve patients and the NGT tip was successfully visualized in the esophagus and gastric cardia in all cases, demonstrating that ultrasound has the potential to be a useful alternative to conventional methods of NGT insertion in the pediatric ED.