bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female directors and corporate cash holdings: monitoring vs executive roles
Authors: Cambrea Domenico Rocco , Tenuta Paolo , Vastola Vincenzo 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of gender diversity on corporate cash holdings by scrutinizing different positions covered by female board directors.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines a sample of Italian listed companies between 2006 and 2015. Fixed-effects regressions are employed as the base empirical methodology. In addition, because the link between corporate governance variables and cash may suffer from endogeneity issues, the study employs several tests to control for this potential problem.FindingsThe empirical findings demonstrate that the relationship between gender diversity and cash holdings depends on the role of female directors on the boards. Specifically, the evidence shows that women in monitoring functions, ruled by independent directors and female chairs, led to a decrease in cash reserves. Conversely, companies managed by female CEOs have larger cash holdings.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper refers to Italian listed companies only and does not analyze whether and how the financial crisis has affected the link between female directors and cash reserves.Practical implicationsThe study provides insights for the diverse effects of female directors on cash management decision and contributes to the debate on gender diversity capabilities for improving firm financial flexibility.Originality/valueThis paper is the first empirical study to attempt to disentangle the effect of gender diversity on cash holdings. It sheds light on the consequences of appointing female directors on cash policies and explores the Italian context after the introduction of the gender quotas law.
Framing the hydrothermal features of magnetized TiO2–CoFe2O4 water-based steady hybrid nanofluid flow over a radiative revolving disk
Authors: Acharya Nilankush , Maity Suprakash , Kundu Prabir Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Hybrid nanofluids are of significant engrossment for their considerable heat transport rate. The steady flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducted hybrid nanofluid is considered over a rotating disk under a magnetic field. Titanium oxide (TiO2) and ferrous (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles are used with their physical properties and water is considered as host liquid. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how hydrothermal integrity varies for hybrid nanosuspension over a spinning disk in the presence of magnetic orientation.

Design/methodology/approach
Governing equations with boundary conditions are transformed by similarity transformations and then solved numerically with RK-4 method. A comparison of linear and nonlinear thermal radiation for the above-mentioned parameters is taken and the efficiency of nonlinear radiation is established, the same over nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid is also discussed. Heat lines are observed and discussed for various parameters like magnetic field, concentration, suction and injection parameter, radiation effect and Prandtl number.

Findings
Suction and increasing nanoparticle concentration foster the radial and cross-radial velocities, whereas magnetization and injection confirm the reverse trend. The rate of increment of radial friction is quite higher for the usual nanosuspension. The calculated data demonstrate that the rate for hybrid nanofluid is 8.97 percent, whereas for nanofluid it is 15.06 percent. Double-particle suspension amplifies the thermal efficiency than that of a single particle. Magnetic and radiation parameters aid the heat transfer, but nanoparticle concentration and suction explore the opposite syndrome. The magnetic parameter increases the heat transport at 36.58 and 42.71 percent for nonlinear radiation and hybrid nanosuspension, respectively.

Originality/value
Nonlinear radiation gives a higher heat transport rate and for the radiation parameter it is almost double. This result is very significant for comparison between linear and nonlinear radiation. Heat lines may be observed by taking different nanoparticle materials to get some diverse result. Hydrothermal study of such hybrid liquid is noteworthy because outcomes of this study will aid nanoscience and nanotechnology in an efficient way.
Radiation and non-uniform heat sink/source effects on 2D MHD flow of CNTs-H2O nanofluid over a flat porous plate
Authors: Upreti Himanshu , Rawat Sawan Kumar , Kumar Manoj 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the velocity and temperature profile for a two-dimensional flow of single- and multi-walled nanotubes (CNTs)/H2O nanofluid over a flat porous plate, under the impact of non-uniform heat sink/source and radiation. The influence of suction/blowing, viscous dissipation and magnetic field is also incorporated.

Design/methodology/approach
The solution of the PDEs describing the flow of nanofluid is accomplished using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg approach with shooting scheme.

Findings
Quantities of physical importance such as local Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient for both types of nanotubes are computed and shown in tables. Also, the impact of copious factors like Prandtl number, magnetic field, Eckert number, porosity parameter, radiation parameter, non-linear stretching parameter, injection/suction, heating variable, particle volume fraction and non-uniform heat sink/source parameter on temperature and velocity profile is explained in detail with the aid of graphs.

Originality/value
Till date, no study has been reported that examines the role of radiation and non-uniform heat sink/source on MHD flow of CNTs‒water nanofluid over a porous plate. The numerical outcomes attained for the existing work are original and their originality is authenticated by comparing them with earlier published work. This problem is of importance, as there are many applications of the fluid flowing over a flat porous plate.
PSEG and the promise of wind power
Authors: Rosenberg Stuart 
Published: December 2019

Theoretical basis
The following theoretical concepts are applicable to the case and its learning objectives: Stakeholder Power-Interest Matrix and Carroll’s Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility.

Research methodology
Information was obtained in three separate interviews with PSEG. In February 2018, an introductory phone conference was conducted with a number of senior managers within PSEG, including the Director of Development and Strategic Issues, Kate Gerlach. In April 2018, an onsite interview was conducted with Gerlach, who connected the author with Scott Jennings. A phone interview was conducted with Scott Jennings in May 2018 and follow-up communication with him was handled via e-mail. The information obtained from these interviews was supplemented by material obtained from secondary sources. None of the information in the case has been disguised.

Case overview/synopsis
Scott Jennings, a Vice President at PSEG, the diversified New Jersey-based energy company, was the project leader for a large commercial wind farm that was to be built off the coast. The project, Garden State Offshore Energy, a joint venture between PSEG and Deepwater Wind, an experienced developer of offshore wind projects, had been announced over six years earlier, in late 2008. In the time that had passed, the Garden State Offshore Energy project team had waited for the New Jersey Bureau of Public Utilities, which had been tasked by Governor Chris Christie to evaluate the project costs before it could authorize the actual construction of the wind turbines. Justifying the project on a cost basis proved to be difficult; despite the growing public sentiment in favor of projects that utilized renewable energy sources such as wind power, the Garden State Offshore Energy team was unable to move the project forward. Scott needed to decide whether it made sense to continue to hold regular meetings with the Garden State Offshore Energy team. Scott’s colleagues suggested that Scott speak with senior management at PSEG to find out if the resources that had been dedicated to the Garden State Offshore Energy project could be shifted to other projects that might be more feasible.

Complexity academic level
This case is suitable for courses in Sustainability. It is appropriate to use the case in undergraduate courses to illustrate decision making in a regulated industry. Sufficient information is presented in the case to debate both sides of the offshore wind authorization issue.
Performance of the National Water Model in Iowa Using Independent Observations
Authors: Rojas Marcela , Quintero Felipe , Krajewski Witold F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the performance of the analysis‐and‐assimilation configuration of the National Water Model (NWM) v1.0 in Iowa. The NWM assimilates streamflow observations from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), which increases the performance but also limits the available data for model evaluation. In this study, Iowa Flood Center Bridge Sensors (IFCBS) data provided an independent nonassimilated dataset for evaluation analyses. The authors compared NWM outputs for the period between May 2016 and April 2017, with two datasets: USGS streamflow and velocity observations; Stage and streamflow data from IFCBS. The distribution of Spearman rank correlation (rs), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (E), and Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) provided quantification of model performance. We found the performance was linked with the spatial scale of the basins. Analysis at USGS gauges showed the strongest performance in large (>10,000 km2) basins (rs = 0.9, E = 0.9, KGE = 0.8), with some decrease at small (<1,000 km2) basins (rs = 0.6, E = −0.25, KGE = −0.2). Analysis with independent IFCBS observations was used to report performance at large basins (rs = 0.6, KGE = 0.1) and small basins (rs = 0.2, KGE = −0.4). Data assimilation improves simulations at downstream basins. We found differences in the characterization of the model and observed data flow velocity distributions. The authors recommend checking the connection of USGS gauges and NHDPlus reaches for selected locations where performance is weak.
Does Affirmative Action Worsen Bureaucratic Performance? Evidence from the Indian Administrative Service
Authors: Bhavnani Rikhil R. , Lee Alexander 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough many countries recruit bureaucrats using affirmative action, the effect of affirmative action recruits on bureaucratic performance has rarely been examined. Some worry that affirmative action worsens bureaucratic performance by diminishing the quality of recruits, whereas others posit that it improves performance by making recruits more representative of and responsive to the population. We test for these possibilities using unusually detailed data on the recruitment, background, and careers of India's elite bureaucracy. We examine the effect of affirmative action hires on district‐level implementation of MGNREGA, the world's largest anti‐poverty program. The data suggest that disadvantaged group members recruited via affirmative action perform no worse than others.
On the frontiers of change: breast surgeons' views on demarcation between surgical sub‐specialties in Australia
Authors: Flitcroft Kathy , Brennan Meagan , Spillane Andrew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of breast oncoplastic surgery provides women with more surgical options for improved aesthetics following breast‐conserving surgery and for breast reconstruction (BR) following mastectomy. For some established breast and plastic surgeons, this development may be perceived as increasing competition for patients and raises the potential for demarcation issues between and within surgical sub‐specialties. The objectives of the study were to document surgeons' views on demarcation between general/breast, oncoplastic/breast and plastic reconstructive breast surgeons in Australia, to examine the potential impact demarcation issues may have on informed patient choice and to recommend ways of reducing them.MethodsIn‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 31 (22 oncoplastic and nine plastic reconstructive) surgeons who performed BR.ResultsDescriptive analysis of the interviews revealed a range in the perceptions of the extent of demarcation. Six common themes were identified: oncoplastic techniques are unnecessary and potentially unsafe; reconstructive surgery should be left to ‘the experts’; non‐referral of patients for discussion of surgical options they do not offer; professional jealousy; workload capacity; and the old versus the new guard. Potential solutions suggested by the participants focused on improving relations between oncoplastic and plastic reconstructive surgeons and changes to breast surgical training.ConclusionWhile most surgeons were optimistic about the current divide diminishing with time, a more pro‐active stance is required if patient‐centred care is to be improved. Roundtable discussions with a broad range of stakeholders are planned to begin this process.
Effects of photoperiod on circadian clock genes in skin contribute to the regulation of hair follicle cycling of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats
Authors: Zhang Chong Zhi , Sun Hai Zhou , Zhang Chun Hua , Jin Lu , Sang Dan , Li Sheng Li 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigated how the effects of photoperiod on circadian clock genes in the skin contribute to the regulation of hair follicle cycling of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats. Twenty‐four female (non‐pregnant) Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats aged 1 − 1.5 years old with similar live weights (mean, 20.36 ± 2.63 kg) were randomly allocated into two groups: a natural daily photoperiod group (NDPP group:10 − 16 hr Light, n = 12) and a short daily photoperiod group (SDPP group: 7 hr Light:17 hr Dark, n = 12). All goats were housed in individual pens from May 15 to October 15, 2015 and were fed the same diets. We detected the mRNA expression of brain and muscle arnt‐like protein‐1 (Bmal1), circadian locomotor output control kaput (Clock), cryptochrome‐1 (Cry1), period homolog‐1 (Per1) and Rev‐erbα genes in the goat skin. ANOVA revealed a significant 24 hr (10:00 hr, 14:00 hr, 18:00 hr, 22:00 hr, 02:00 hr, 06:00 hr, 10:00 hr) variation between the SDPP and NDPP groups for three months (July, September, and October). In summary, the current results confirm that an intrinsic oscillating molecular clock exists in goat skin, and that the clock is important for potential timing mechanisms at the anagen phase of hair follicles, which would contribute to the regulation mechanisms of hair follicle cell proliferation.
Meat production and maintaining biodiversity: Grazing by traditional breeds and crossbred beef cattle in marshes and grasslands
Authors: Kovácsné Koncz Nóra , Béri Béla , Deák Balázs , Kelemen András , Tóth Katalin , Kiss Réka , Radócz Szilvia , Miglécz Tamás , Tóthmérész Béla , Valkó Orsolya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQuestionsSustainable rangeland utilization considering traditions and economic reasons is compulsory for harmonising the needs of the agricultural and nature conservation sectors. For proper rangeland management it is crucial to compare the grazing effects of traditional breeds and crossbred animals of the same species that might have different effects on the rangelands. To fill this knowledge gap, in a grazing experiment, we investigated the effect of cattle breeds on the vegetation to test the effects on nature conservation value and agricultural production value. We hypothesized that the effects of cattle grazing on habitat conservation values and forage quality depend on the grazing breed, because breeds differ in selectivity, body size and trampling effect.LocationMarshes and alkaline wet grasslands in Hortobágy National Park, Hungary.MethodsWe recorded the percentage cover of vascular plants in three consecutive years in a total of 60 plots in 12 areas grazed by traditional (0.61 AU/ha) and large‐sized crossbred beef cattle (0.68 AU/ha).ResultsWe found that the effect of cattle breed on the habitat conservation values and forage quality is dependent on the habitat type. The traditional breed maintained a significantly higher species number and Shannon diversity in marshes than the crossbred beef cattle. Grazing of crossbred cattle led to decreasing moisture indicator values in marsh habitats.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that traditional breeds should be prioritized in the management of wet alkaline grasslands and marshes. Crossbred beef cattle might be a substitute but only in case traditional breeds are not available for the management of alkaline wet grasslands. In marshes, however, we recommend prioritizing the traditional breeds as they maintain higher diversity compared to crossbred beef cattle.
Nitric oxide and endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization mediated by hydrogen peroxide in health and disease
Authors: Shimokawa Hiroaki , Godo Shigeo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe endothelium plays crucial roles in modulating vascular tone by synthesizing and releasing endothelium‐derived relaxing factors (EDRFs), including vasodilator prostaglandins, nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium‐dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) factors. Thus, endothelial dysfunction is the hallmark of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, the contribution of EDRFs to endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation varies in a distinct vessel size‐dependent manner; NO mainly mediates vasodilatation of relatively large, conduit vessels (eg epicardial coronary arteries), while EDH factors in small resistance vessels (eg coronary microvessels). Endothelium‐derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a physiological signalling molecule serving as one of the major EDH factors especially in microcirculations and has gained increasing attention in view of its emerging relevance for cardiovascular diseases. In the clinical settings, therapeutic approaches targeting NO (eg NO donors) or non‐specific elimination of reactive oxygen species (eg antioxidant supplements) are disappointingly ineffective for the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases, in which endothelial dysfunction and coronary microvascular dysfunction are substantially involved. These lines of evidence indicate the potential importance of the physiological balance between NO and H2O2/EDH factor. Further characterization and better understanding of endothelium‐dependent vasodilatations are important to develop novel therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine. In this MiniReview, we will briefly summarize the current knowledge on the emerging regulatory roles of endothelium‐dependent vasodilatations in the cardiovascular system, with a special reference to the two major EDRFs, NO and H2O2/EDH factor, in health and disease.
Blockchain and business ethics
Authors: Dierksmeier Claus , Seele Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper provides, from a business ethics perspective, a basic clustering of the morally (a) favorable, (b) unfavorable, and (c) ambivalent dimensions of blockchain technology and its various emergent applications. Instead of proffering specific assessments on particular aspects of blockchain‐based business models, we aim to offer an initial overview that charters the territory so that future research can bring about such moral assessments in an informed and orderly fashion. The main contribution of this paper lies in identifying several morally ambivalent dimensions of blockchain technology, which we finally link to two strands of business ethics research: ethical and legal aspects of legislation as well as a link to Habermasian corporate social responsibility theory arguing for transparent data production and consumption on the blockchain. We conclude that future research is necessary for moral assessment of the ambivalent cases, since their ethical evaluation changes depending on whether one analyzes them through the lenses of utilitarianism, contractarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics, respectively.
Ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase‐L1 has prognostic relevance and is a therapeutic target for high‐grade neuroendocrine lung cancers
Authors: Shimada Yoshihisa , Kudo Yujin , Maehara Sachio , Matsubayashi Jun , Otaki Yoichi , Kajiwara Naohiro , Ohira Tatsuo , Minna John D. , Ikeda Norihiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHigh‐grade neuroendocrine lung cancer (HGNEC), which includes small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung is a rapidly proliferating, aggressive form of lung cancer. The initial standard chemotherapeutic regimens of platinum doublets are recommended for SCLC and have been frequently used for LCNEC. However, there are currently no molecularly targeted agents with proven clinical benefit for this disease. The deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase‐L1 (UCHL1) is a neuroendocrine cell‐specific product that is known as a potential oncogene in several types of cancer, but little is known about the biological function of UCHL1 and its therapeutic potential in HGNEC. In this study, we found that preclinical efficacy evoked by targeting UCHL1 was relevant to prognosis in HGNEC. UCHL1 was found to be expressed in HGNEC, particularly in cell lines and patient samples of SCLC, and the combined use of platinum doublets with selective UCHL1 inhibitors improved its therapeutic response in vitro. Immunohistochemical expression of UCHL1 was significantly associated with postoperative survival in patients with HGNEC and contributed towards distinguishing SCLC from LCNEC. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes isolated from lung cancer cell lines and serum from early‐stage HGNEC, were verified by electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Higher levels of UCHL1 mRNA in EV were found in the samples of patients with early‐stage HGNEC than those with early‐stage NSCLC and healthy donors’ EV. Taken together, UCHL1 may be a potential prognostic marker and a promising druggable target for HGNEC.
Front Cover
Authors: Avagliano Laura , Parenti Ilaria , Grazioli Paolo , Di Fede Elisabetta , Parodi Chiara , Mariani Milena , Kaiser Frank J. , Selicorni Angelo , Gervasini Cristina , Massa Valentina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe cover image is based on the Review Article Chromatinopathies: a focus on Cornelia de Lange Syndrome by Laura Avagliano et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cge.13674.
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New evidence that biallelic loss of function in EEF1B2 gene leads to intellectual disability
Authors: Larcher Lise , Buratti Julien , Héron‐Longe Bénédicte , Benzacken Brigitte , Pipiras Eva , Keren Boris , Delahaye‐Duriez Andrée 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe guanine exchange factor subunit eEF1Bα encoded by the EEF1B2 gene belongs to the eukaryotic elongation translational machinery. Pathogen variants in genes of the translational machinery have been associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. However, only one family of three siblings with intellectual disability (ID) has been reported so far with a homozygous variant in EEF1B2. Here, we report a second family with a novel homozygous loss of function (LoF) variant p.(Ser128*), carried by two siblings with moderate ID and seizures. Our findings confirm the role of EEF1B2 variants in the pathogenesis of autosomal‐recessive ID, expand the variant spectrum and precisely describe the clinical consequences of the LoF of EEF1B2.