bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropometrische Messungen in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie – mehr als nur Größe und Gewicht
Authors: Fischer Beate , Sedlmeier Anja M. , Hartwig Saskia , Schlett Christopher L. , Ahrens Wolfgang , Bamberg Fabian , Baurecht Hansjörg , Becher Heiko , Berger Klaus , Binder Hans , Bohn Barbara , Carr Prudence R. , Castell Stefanie , Franzke Claus-Werner , Fricke Julia , Gastell Sylvia , Greiser Karin Halina , Günther Kathrin , Jaeschke Lina , Kaaks Rudolf , Kemmling Yvonne , Krist Lilian , Kuß Oliver , Legath Nicole , Lieb Wolfgang , Linseisen Jakob , Löffler Markus , Michels Karin B. , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Niedermaier Tobias , Norman Kristina , Obi Nadia , Peters Annette , Pischon Tobias , Schikowski Tamara , Schipf Sabine , Schmidt Börge , Schulze Matthias B. , Stang Andreas , Stojicic Jelena , Tiller Daniel , Völzke Henry , Waniek Sabina , Leitzmann Michael F. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungÜbergewicht und Adipositas sind bedeutende Risikofaktoren für verschiedene Erkrankungen. Als Maß zu ihrer Bestimmung wurde in früheren Studien meist nur der Body-Mass-Index (BMI) verwendet. Der BMI ist allerdings ein Marker, der den Einfluss auf das Krankheitsrisiko nur unzureichend erfasst. In groß angelegten, bevölkerungsbasierten Studien besteht daher ein vordringlicher Bedarf, verbesserte Messmethoden der Körperzusammensetzung und -fettverteilung einzusetzen.Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die in der NAKO (Nationale Kohorte) Gesundheitsstudie eingesetzten Messverfahren zur Beschreibung von Körperzusammensetzung und -fettverteilung und die ersten deskriptiven Ergebnisse vor. Diese beziehen sich auf die Daten zur Halbzeit der Basiserhebung, welche 101.817 Teilnehmende einschließt, die in 18 Studienzentren in Deutschland zwischen März 2014 und März 2017 untersucht worden sind. Die anthropometrischen Messungen umfassten Körpergewicht, Körpergröße und -umfänge, bioelektrische Impedanzanalyse (BIA), Sonographie des Abdominalfettes, 3‑D-Bodyscanner und Magnetresonanztomographie.Die Analyse des BMI zeigte, dass 46,2 % der Männer sowie 29,7 % der Frauen übergewichtig und 23,5 % der Männer und 21,2 % der Frauen adipös waren. Frauen wiesen im Mittel in fast allen Altersgruppen eine höhere Schichtdicke an subkutanem Fettgewebe auf als Männer. Die mittlere Schichtdicke des viszeralen Fettgewebes lag hingegen bei den Männern in allen Altersgruppen über den Werten der Frauen und stieg bei beiden Geschlechtern über die Altersgruppen kontinuierlich an.Die umfassenden Daten über die Körperfettverteilung und -zusammensetzung ermöglichen es zukünftig, den Einfluss von Übergewicht und Adipositas auf die Entstehung von chronischen Erkrankungen im Detail zu analysieren.
Time-dependent wettability changes on plasma-treated surfaces of unmodified and thermally modified European beech wood
Authors: Altgen D. , Altgen M. , Kyyrö S. , Rautkari L. , Mai C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe wettability of a freshly cut wood surface will change over time, which is denoted as natural ageing. Water contact angle measurements indicated that the thermal modification of European beech reduces its wettability, but does not affect the rate at which the contact angle increases within a 4-week period. A plasma treatment of fresh wood surfaces enhanced the wettability and equaled the wettability properties of unmodified and thermally modified wood surfaces. The contact angle on plasma-treated wood surfaces increased faster than on unmodified wood surfaces, but a reduction in contact angle by the plasma treatment was still evident after ageing for 4 weeks.
Trace Elements in Crustaceans, Mollusks and Fish in the Kenyan Part of Lake Victoria: Bioaccumulation, Bioindication and Health Risk Analysis
Authors: Outa James Omondi , Kowenje Chrispin O. , Avenant-Oldewage Annemariè , Jirsa Franz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis is the first comprehensive report on the accumulation of Cr, Ni, As, and Ag in the fish species Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and Nile perch Lates niloticus from Lake Victoria, complemented with recent data on Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. This also is the first report on Cr, Ni, As, and Ag levels in invertebrates: the shrimp Caridina nilotica, gastropod Pila ovata, and bivalve Mutela bourguignati. The study was conducted at five sites in the Kenyan part of Lake Victoria: four sites in Winam Gulf influenced by various anthropogenic pressures, including a site near Kisumu City, and one in the main lake, with lesser direct anthropogenic influence. Apart from Cu and Ag, which were highest in O. niloticus liver, the invertebrates had higher levels of trace elements than fish. Contamination of the gulf with trace elements was best mirrored by the invertebrates, whose mobility is limited; they accumulated Cr, Cd, Ag, and Pb corresponding to the levels in the surface sediment. The accumulation of trace elements in fish species and their bioindicative potential corresponded to their habitats and feeding behaviour. The tissue contents of most trace elements were higher in the inshore-dwelling, omnivorous O. niloticus compared to the pelagic, piscivorous L. niloticus. Cu (465 ± 689 mg/kg dw) and Ag (3.45 ± 1.49 mg/kg dw) in the liver of O. niloticus were up to 10 and 119 times higher than in L. niloticus, respectively. Oreochromis niloticus therefore has bioindicative potential for Cu and Ag contamination. Both the invertebrates and fish showed positive correlations between Cu and Ag concentrations, indicating similar source and/or uptake route. The target hazard quotients (THQ) show that there is no human health risk associated with the consumption of these fish. However, the levels of Zn, Cd, and Pb in P. ovata surpassed maximum food safety limits and are hence potentially unsafe for human consumption.
Perioperative Antiretroviral Regimen for HIV/AIDS Patients Who Underwent Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Yang Jing , Wei Guo , He Yong , Hua Xin , Feng Shifeng , Zhao Yong , Chen Tingyu , Wang Hua , Guo Liang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundA short interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and reduced oral bioavailability of antiretroviral medications could occur in perioperative human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients who undergo abdominal surgery. Therefore, we focused on the changes in HIV viral load and CD4+ T lymphocyte count in HIV/AIDS patients after surgery and explored whether the perioperative use of intravenous antiretroviral drugs is beneficial in lowering the viral load and increasing the safety of the surgery.MethodsWe prospectively collected data from HIV/AIDS patients who underwent abdominal surgery at our institution from January 2019 and April 2019. According to the use of different antiretroviral medications during the perioperative period, the HIV/AIDS patients were divided into four groups: Group I: Patients continued their original antiretroviral medications; Group II: Patients received their original antiretroviral medications plus intravenous administration of the fusion inhibitor albuvirtide (ABT); Group III: Patients received ABT alone; and Group IV: Patients did not receive ART. The primary outcomes considered were the changes in HIV load and CD4+ T lymphocyte count and the postoperative complications in the four groups.ResultsA total of 64 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled, and their data were analyzed descriptively. There were no differences between group I and group II in terms of the changes in viral load. The viral load continued to decrease in group III within 30 days after surgery, especially from D7 to D30 (t = 2.179, p = 0.043). However, the viral load showed an upward trend after surgery in group IV. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the changes in viral load after surgery (p = 0.022). However, there were no statistically significant differences between group III and group IV in the postoperative changes in the CD4+ T lymphocyte count. Seven out of 64 patients had postoperative infective complications. The incidence of complications from high to low was as follows: group IV > group I > group III > group II (p < 0.05).ConclusionsA short perioperative interruption of ART may have a small impact on viral load in HIV/AIDS patients on virologic suppression after abdominal surgery. For patients with a detectable viral load, an intravenous injection of ABT in the perioperative period can reduce the viral load quickly, lower the occurrence of postoperative complications, and increase operation safety for both the HIV/AIDS patient and the surgeons.
Combination of Preoperative Plasma Fibrinogen and Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio (the F‐NLR Score) as a Prognostic Marker of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Following Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Sun Yanwu , Zhang Yiyi , Huang Zhekun , Lin Huiming , Lu Xingrong , Huang Ying , Chi Pan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoagulation and inflammation play important roles in tumor progression. This study aimed to explore the prognostic impact of combined analysis of fibrinogen and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte (NLR) ratio (F‐NLR score) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy (pCRT) and radical surgery.MethodTotally 317 patients were included. X‐tile analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff values of preoperative fibrinogen and NLR. F‐NLR scores were defined as 2 (both high fibrinogen and NLR), 1 (one of these abnormalities), or 0 (neither abnormality). Time‐dependent ROC analysis was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of fibrinogen, NLR, and F‐NLR score. Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic impact of the F‐NLR score. A predictive nomogram for disease‐free survival (DFS) was developed and validated internally.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen (36.9%), 156 (49.2%), and 44 (13.9%) patients had F‐NLR score of 0, 1, and 2, respectively. Higher F‐NLR score was associated with poorly differentiated tumors, deeper tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and more advanced pTNM stage (all P < 0.05). The 5‐year OS rates in the F‐NLR 0, 1, and 2 groups were 93.6%, 87.3%, and 68.4%, respectively (P < 0.001), while the 5‐year DFS rates were 91.8%, 76.8%, and 56.1%, respectively (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that F‐NLR score (F‐NLR 1, HR = 2.021, P = 0.046; F‐NLR 2, HR = 3.356, P = 0.002), pTNM stage III (HR = 3.109, P = 0.009), and circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement (HR = 3.120, P = 0.021) were independently associated with DFS. A nomogram for DFS was developed (C‐index 0.708).ConclusionF‐NLR score is a promising predictor for disease recurrence in LARC patients after pCRT.
Multiomic immune clockworks of pregnancy
Authors: Peterson Laura S. , Stelzer Ina A. , Tsai Amy S. , Ghaemi Mohammad S. , Han Xiaoyuan , Ando Kazuo , Winn Virginia D. , Martinez Nadine R. , Contrepois Kevin , Moufarrej Mira N. , Quake Stephen , Relman David A. , Snyder Michael P. , Shaw Gary M. , Stevenson David K. , Wong Ronald J. , Arck Petra , Angst Martin S. , Aghaeepour Nima , Gaudilliere Brice 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPreterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in children under the age of five worldwide. Despite major efforts, we still lack the ability to accurately predict and effectively prevent preterm birth. While multiple factors contribute to preterm labor, dysregulations of immunological adaptations required for the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy is at its pathophysiological core. Consequently, a precise understanding of these chronologically paced immune adaptations and of the biological pacemakers that synchronize the pregnancy “immune clock” is a critical first step towards identifying deviations that are hallmarks of peterm birth. Here, we will review key elements of the fetal, placental, and maternal pacemakers that program the immune clock of pregnancy. We will then emphasize multiomic studies that enable a more integrated view of pregnancy-related immune adaptations. Such multiomic assessments can strengthen the biological plausibility of immunological findings and increase the power of biological signatures predictive of preterm birth
Modulating local airway immune responses to treat allergic asthma: lessons from experimental models and human studies
Authors: Voskamp A.L. , Kormelink T. Groot , van Wijk R. Gerth , Hiemstra P.S. , Taube C. , de Jong E.C. , Smits Hermelijn H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith asthma affecting over 300 million individuals world-wide and estimated to affect 400 million by 2025, developing effective, long-lasting therapeutics is essential. Allergic asthma, where Th2-type immunity plays a central role, represents 90% of child and 50% of adult asthma cases. Research based largely on animal models of allergic disease have led to the generation of a novel class of drugs, so-called biologicals, that target essential components of Th2-type inflammation. Although highly efficient in subclasses of patients, these biologicals and other existing medication only target the symptomatic stage of asthma and when therapy is ceased, a flare-up of the disease is often observed. Therefore, it is suggested to target earlier stages in the inflammatory cascade underlying allergic airway inflammation and to focus on changing and redirecting the initiation of type 2 inflammatory responses against allergens and certain viral agents. This focus on upstream aspects of innate immunity that drive development of Th2-type immunity is expected to have longer-lasting and disease-modifying effects, and may potentially lead to a cure for asthma. This review highlights the current understanding of the contribution of local innate immune elements in the development and maintenance of inflammatory airway responses and discusses available leads for successful targeting of those pathways for future therapeutics.
Janus particles: from concepts to environmentally friendly materials and sustainable applications
Authors: Marschelke Claudia , Fery Andreas , Synytska Alla 
Published: February 2020

AbstractJanus particles represent a unique group of patchy particles combining two or more different physical or chemical functionalities at their opposite sides. Especially, individual Janus particles (JPs) with both chemical and geometrical anisotropy as well as their assembled layers provide considerable advantages over the conventional monofunctional particles or surfactant molecules offering (a) a high surface-to-volume ratio; (b) high interfacial activity; (c) target controlling and manipulation of their interfacial activity by external signals such as temperature, light, pH, or ionic strength and achieving switching between stable emulsions and macro-phase separation; (d) recovery and recycling; (e) controlling the mass transport across the interface between the two phases; and finally (f) tunable several functionalities in one particle allowing their use either as carrier materials for immobilized catalytically active substances or, alternatively, their site-selective attachment to substrates keeping another functionality active for further reactions. All these advantages of JPs make them exclusive materials for application in (bio-)catalysis and (bio-)sensing. Considering “green chemistry” aspects covering biogenic materials based on either natural or fully synthetic biocompatible and biodegradable polymers for the design of JPs may solve the problem of toxicity of some existing materials and open new paths for the development of more environmentally friendly and sustainable materials in the very near future. Considering the number of contributions published each year on the topic of Janus particles in general, the number of contributions regarding their environmentally friendly and sustainable applications is by far smaller. This certainly pinpoints an important challenge and is addressed in this review article. The first part of the review focuses on the synthesis of sustainable biogenic or biocompatible Janus particles, as well as strategies for their recovery, recycling, and reusability. The second part addresses recent advances in applications of biogenic/biocompatible and non-biocompatible JPs in environmental and biotechnological fields such as sensing of hazardous pollutants, water decontamination, and hydrogen production. Finally, we provide implications for the rational design of environmentally friendly and sustainable materials based on Janus particles.
Microbleeds in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Donaghy Paul C. , Firbank Michael , Mitra Dipayan , Petrides George , Lloyd Jim , Barnett Nicola , Olsen Kirsty , Thomas Alan J. , O’Brien John T. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Microbleeds are associated with the development of dementia in older people and are common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Their prevalence and clinical importance in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the rates of microbleeds in DLB with those in AD and healthy older people, and investigate associations between microbleeds and amyloid deposition, vascular risk and disease severity in DLB.

Methods
DLB (n = 30), AD (n = 18) and control (n = 20) participants underwent clinical assessment at baseline and 1 year in this longitudinal observational study. 3T MRI (including T2* susceptibility weighted imaging) and florbetapir PET were carried out at baseline. Microbleeds were rated visually and a standardised uptake value ratio (SUVR) was calculated from florbetapir PET scans.

Results
40% of DLB subjects had microbleeds compared with 50% of AD and 15% of controls. Compared to DLB without microbleeds, those with microbleeds had higher systolic BP (156 ± 26 v. 135 ± 19 mmHg; p = 0.03), but did not have greater levels of vascular disease or amyloid deposition (SUVR 1.25 ± 0.24 v. 1.25 ± 0.22; p = 0.33). There was evidence of less severe dementia in DLB participants with microbleeds, but these differences may have been driven by a shorter disease duration in those with microbleeds.

Conclusion
The presence of microbleeds in DLB is associated with higher blood pressure, but not with other measures of vascular disease or amyloid deposition. The relationship between microbleeds and clinical presentation remains unclear.
The burden of headache following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective single-center cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Huckhagel Torge , Klinger Regine , Schmidt Nils Ole , Regelsberger Jan , Westphal Manfred , Czorlich Patrick 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) as a serious type of stroke is frequently accompanied by a so-called initial thunderclap headache. However, the occurrence of burdensome long-term headache following SAH has never been studied in detail so far. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of long-term burdensome headache in good-grade SAH patients as well as its relation to health-related quality of life (HR-QOL).

Methods
All SAH cases treated between January 2014 and December 2016 with preserved consciousness at hospital discharge were prospectively interviewed regarding burdensome headache in 2018. Study participants were subsequently scrutinized by means of a standardized postal survey comprising validated pain and HR-QOL questionnaires. A retrospective chart review provided data on the initial treatment.

Results
A total of 93 out of 145 eligible SAH patients participated in the study (62 females). A total of 41% (38/93) of subjects indicated burdensome headache at follow-up (mean 32.6 ± 9.3 months). Comparison between patients with (HA+) and without long-term headache (HA-) revealed significantly younger mean age (47.9 ± 11.8 vs. 55.6 ± 10.3 years; p < .01) as well as more favorable neurological conditions (WFNS I/II: 95% vs. 75%; p = .03) in HA+ cases. The mean average headache of the HA+ group was 3.7 ± 2.3 (10-point numeric rating scale), and the mean maximum headache intensity was 5.7 ± 2.9. Pain and HR-QOL scores demonstrated profound alterations in HA+ compared to HA- patients.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that a considerable proportion of SAH patients suffers from burdensome headache even years after the hemorrhage. Moreover, long-term headache is associated with reduced HR-QOL in these cases.
Hydrogeologie im Tauernfenster – Fallbeispiel Rauristal, Salzburg
Authors: Dirnberger Daniel , Hilberg Sylke 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Fallstudie in einem kleinräumigen Einzugsgebiet im Salzburger Rauristal diente dazu, die Hydrogeologie einiger für das Tauernfenster typischer Lithologien und Strukturen beispielhaft zu beleuchten. Das Untersuchungsgebiet ist geprägt von metamorphen geklüfteten Gesteinen des Penninikums und Subpenninikums (Schiefer und Gneise) und quartären Ablagerungen, wobei hier vor allem ein großer Bergsturz als prägendes Element zu nennen ist. Es wurde eine geologisch-hydrogeologische Kartierung des knapp 10 km2 großen Gebietes auf Seehöhen zwischen 1500 und 2500 m durchgeführt. Im Fokus der Geländearbeiten standen dabei hydrogeologische Aspekte wie Quellen, Vernässungen, Versickerungen oder Oberflächengewässer. Ergänzend wurden an drei Terminen Abflussmessungen am Hauptgerinne und drei seichte Bohrungen in einer Bergsturzmasse durchgeführt, um deren hydraulische Eigenschaften zu erkunden. Es wurden fünf Fließsysteme identifiziert: (1) Schichtquellen sind an den Übergang zwischen Zentralgneis und Schieferhülle gebunden. (2) Stauquellen treten in Verbindung mit Grundmoränen auf. (3) Quellhorizonte innerhalb der Schiefer und Gneise verlaufen entlang regionaler Kluftrichtungen. (4) Diffuse Quellaustritte sind auf oberflächennahe Zirkulationssysteme zurückzuführen. (5) Der Bergsturzkörper stellt einen sehr gut durchlässigen Aquifer dar. Eine Verwitterungsschwarte bildet eine oberflächliche Abdichtung, verbunden mit der Ausbildung zahlreicher kleiner stehender Gewässer.
On fairness of systemic risk measures
Authors: Biagini Francesca , Fouque Jean-Pierre , Frittelli Marco , Meyer-Brandis Thilo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn our previous paper “A unified approach to systemic risk measures via acceptance sets” (Mathematical Finance, 2018), we have introduced a general class of systemic risk measures that allow random allocations to individual banks before aggregation of their risks. In the present paper, we prove a dual representation of a particular subclass of such systemic risk measures and the existence and uniqueness of the optimal allocation related to them. We also introduce an associated utility maximisation problem which has the same solution as the minimisation problem associated to the systemic risk measure. In addition, the optimiser in the dual formulation provides a risk allocation which is fair from the point of view of the individual financial institutions. The case with exponential utilities which allows explicit computation is treated in detail.
Trees, Coral, and Seaweed: An Interpretation of Sketches Found in Darwin’s Papers
Authors: van Putten Kees 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe sole diagram inOn the Origin of Speciesis generally considered to be merely an illustration of Darwin’s ideas, but such an interpretation ignores the fact that Darwin himself expressly stated that the diagram helped him to discover and express his ideas. This article demonstrates that developing the so-called “tree diagram” substantially aided Darwin’s heuristics. This demonstration is based on an interpretation of the diagram and of 17 sketches found in Darwin’s scientific papers. The key to this interpretation is the meaning that Darwin assigned to the graphic elements (points, lines, and spaces) he used to construct the preliminary sketches and the diagram. I argue that each of the sketches contributed to the shaping of Darwin’s ideas and that, in their succession, each added new elements that ultimately resulted in the fully developed published diagram.