bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of Innovative Technologies in Liquid‐Liquid Extraction Regarding Flexibility
Authors: Polyakova Maria , Diekmann Anna‐Lena , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs a result of increasing market volatility and product diversification the technology requirements will change in the future. Flexibility needs to be increased, enabling a large operating window while maintaining intensive mass and energy transfer and resource‐efficiency. A promising approach is using innovative small‐scale technologies. To assess flexibility, the technologies must be characterized in a wide range of operating parameters and physical properties. Therefore, research work on innovative technologies for liquid‐liquid extraction is presented.
In Vivo Albumin‐Binding of a C‐Functionalized Cyclam Platform for 64Cu‐PET/CT Imaging in Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Le Bihan Thomas , Driver Cathryn H. S. , Ebenhan Thomas , Le Bris Nathalie , Zeevaart Jan Rijn , Tripier Raphaël 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn improved glucose‐chelator‐albumin bioconjugate (GluCAB) derivative, GluCAB‐2Mal, has been synthesized and studied for in vivo 64Cu‐PET/CT imaging in breast cancer mice models together with its first‐generation analogue GluCAB‐1Mal. The radioligand works on the principle of tumor targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect with a supportive role played by glucose metabolism. [64Cu]Cu‐GluCAB‐2Mal (99 % RCP) exhibited high serum stability with immediate binding to serum proteins. In vivo experiments for comparison between tumor targeting of [64Cu]Cu‐GluCAB‐2Mal and previous‐generation [64Cu]Cu‐GluCAB‐1Mal encompassed microPET/CT imaging and biodistribution analysis in an allograft E0771 breast cancer mouse model. Tumor uptake of [64Cu]Cu‐GluCAB‐2Mal was clearly evident with twice as much accumulation as compared to its predecessor and a tumor/muscle ratio of up to 5 after 24 h. Further comparison indicated a decrease in liver accumulation for [64Cu]Cu‐Glu‐CAB‐2Mal.
Pediatric hepatic cancer incidence and survival: 30‐year trends in Ontario, Canada; the United States; and Australia
Authors: Di Giuseppe Giancarlo , Youlden Danny R. , Aitken Joanne F. , Pole Jason D. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPediatric hepatic cancer is a rare malignancy, comprising only approximately 2% of all cancers diagnosed in children aged <15 years. The authors sought to describe trends in pediatric hepatic cancer incidence and survival in Ontario, Canada; the United States; and Australia.MethodsChildren aged <15 years who were diagnosed with hepatic cancer from 1985 through 2013 were ascertained through population‐based registries and followed from the time of diagnosis until December 31, 2015. Age‐standardized incidence and 5‐year relative survival were calculated for each jurisdiction. Multivariable flexible parametric survival models were used to explore predictors of hepatic cancer mortality.ResultsA total of 794 children were identified in Ontario (148 children), the United States (400 children), and Australia (246 children). The average annual incidence increased by 2.2% (95% CI, 0.5%‐4.0%) in Australia, 2.1% (95% CI, 0.9%‐3.3%) in the United States, and 1.3% (95% CI, ‐0.4% to 3.0%) in Ontario. The 5‐year relative survival rate improved from 60% to 82% (P = .08) in Ontario and 62% to 78% (P = .02) in the United States between the diagnostic periods 1985 through 1994 and 2005 through 2013, whereas in Australia the rate remained constant (between 74% and 77%) during the study period. On multivariable analysis, there was no significant difference noted with regard to the hazard of death between jurisdictions (P = .06). Older age, the presence of metastatic disease, and being diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma were found to be associated with mortality.ConclusionsThe incidence of hepatic cancer in children appears to have increased over the last 30 years in Australia and North America. Survival differences between Australia; Ontario, Canada; and the United States observed in the 1980s and 1990s were no longer apparent and only marginal geographical differences in the hazard of mortality were observed.
DNA‐Origami‐Based Assembly of Au@Ag Nanostar Dimer Nanoantennas for Label‐Free Sensing of Pyocyanin
Authors: Kaur Vishaldeep , Tanwar Swati , Kaur Gagandeep , Sen Tapasi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEarly‐stage detection of diseases caused by pathogens is a prerequisite for expedient patient care. Due to the limited signal‐to‐noise ratio, molecular diagnostics needs molecular signal amplification after recognition of the target molecule. In this present study, we demonstrate the design of plasmonically coupled bimetallic Ag coated Au nanostar dimers with controlled nanogap using rectangular DNA origami. We further report the utility of the designed nanostar dimer structures as efficient SERS substrate for the ultrasensitive and label‐free detection of the pyocyanin molecule, which is a biomarker of the opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The experimental results showed that the detection limit of pyocyanin with such nanoantenna based biosensor was 335 pM, which is much lower than the clinical range of detection. Thus, fast, sensitive and label‐free detection of pyocyanin at ultralow concentration in an infected human body can pave a facile route for early stage warning for severe bacterial infections.
Structural and Photophysical Properties of Various Polypyridyl Ligands: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: De Bruecker Liesbeth , Everaert Jonas , Van Der Voort Pascal , Stevens Christian V. , Waroquier Michel , Van Speybroeck Veronique 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Veronique Van Speybroeck, Prof. Pascal Van Der Voort and Prof. Christian V. Stevens (Ghent University, Belgium). The image shows the interaction between visible light and the building blocks of covalent triazine frameworks, which are promising heterogeneous catalysts. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202000592.
Assessment of corporate social responsibility by addressing sustainable development goals
Authors: Lu Jintao , Liang Mengshang , Zhang Chong , Rong Dan , Guan Hailing , Mazeikaite Kristina , Streimikis Justas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to discuss the issues relevant to the CSR evaluation and to develop a model of CSR assessment by taking into account SDGs. Based on a critical literature review, the advantages and limits of CSR assessment models were analyzed with the SDGs addressed, and the framework of a novel model of CSR assessment was proposed in this study. The main limitations of CSR in addressing SDGs were defined as follows: the selective implementation of SDGs, greenwashing, the lack of the integration of the stakeholders, the lack of incorporation of SMEs, and the difference in CSR practices among countries. The created model includes all SDGs involved. Moreover, the positive and negative effects of CSR on SDGs were addressed. This proposed CSR assessment model can help to solve the major problems described above: selective implementation of SDGs, greenwashing, and the inability to compare CSR among industries or countries.
Metabolic dysfunction in pregnancy: Fingerprinting the maternal metabolome using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Scott Hannah D. , Buchan Marrissa , Chadwick Caylin , Field Catherine J. , Letourneau Nicole , Montina Tony , Leung Brenda M. Y. , Metz Gerlinde A. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsMaternal metabolic disorders place the mother at risk for negative pregnancy outcomes with potentially long‐term health impacts for the child. Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of features associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke, affects roughly one in five Canadians. Metabolomics is a relatively new technique that may be a useful tool to identify women at risk of metabolic disorders. This study set out to characterize urinary metabolic biomarkers of pregnant women with obesity and of pregnant women who later developed gestational diabetes mellitus (pre‐GDM), compared to controls.Methods and MaterialsSecond trimester urine samples were collected through the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort and examined with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Multivariate analysis was used to examine group differences, and machine learning feature selection tools identified the metabolites contributing to separation.ResultsObesity and pre‐GDM metabolomes were distinct from controls and from each other. In each comparison, the glycine, serine and threonine pathways were the most impacted. Pantothenate, formic acid and glycine were downregulated by obesity, while formic acid, dimethylamine and galactose were downregulated in pre‐GDM. The three most impacted metabolites for the comparison of obesity versus pre‐GDM groups were upregulated creatine/caffeine, downregulated sarcosine/dimethylamine and upregulated maltose/sucrose in individuals who later developed GDM.ConclusionThese findings suggest a role for urinary metabolomics in the prediction of GDM and metabolic marker identification for potential diagnostics and prognostics in women at risk.
A compact inverted Y‐shaped circularly polarized wideband monopole antenna with open loop
Authors: Dhara Reshmi , Kundu Taraknath 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article presents a novel, compact, single feed circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna. Proposed design involve an inverted Y‐shaped radiating patch fed by an L‐shaped microstrip line feed and a rectangular open‐loop placed near its right corner. A semi‐rectangular ground plane is used on the opposite side of the substrate. Coupling between the rectangular open‐loop and the inverted Y‐shaped patch plays a vital role in attaining wideband CP, while the semi‐rectangular ground plane is crucial for enhancing impedance bandwidth (IBW). The optimized design achieved measured wide IBW of 5.164 GHz (65.53%, spanning over 5.297‐10.461 GHz) having its center frequency (frc) at 7.878 GHz. The corresponding measured axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) obtained inside the measured IBW curve is 2.25 GHz (having its center CP resonating frequency fcp 7.52 GHz, spanning over 6.40‐8.65 GHz, 29.92%). Measurement results are validated in both Ansys Electronics Desktop 2020 R1 and CST Microwave Studio 2018. Proposed antenna is fabricated on FR‐4 epoxy substrate of 1.6 mm thickness and exhibits a very small footprint of just 400 mm2 (20 × 20 mm2) (size 0.58λmgL × 0.58λmgL × 0.046λmgL, where λmgL is the measured guided wavelength at lower resonating frequency fmrL = 5.297 GHz) with 51.31% reduction in size. Measured maximum peak gain for the impedance band is 2.04 dBi at 8.8 GHz and 1.96 dBi at fcp 7.52 GHz. The structure of the proposed antenna is extremely simple, quite small in size and its CP bands can be suitable for some C‐band and ITU (International Telecommunication Union)—8 GHz application.
AHNS endocrine surgery section consensus statement on nasopharyngolaryngoscopy and clinic reopening during COVID‐19: How to get back to optimal safe care
Authors: Bleier Benjamin , Workman Alan , Burks Ciersten , Maxfield Alice , Stack Brendan C. , Nathan Cherie‐Ann , McCammon Susan , Varvares Mark , Schmalbach Cecelia , Wang Steven , Califano Joseph , Shnayder Yelizaveta , Gillespie Marion B. , Enepekides Danny , Witterick Ian , El‐Sayed Ivan , Lin Derrick , Patel Urjeet , Kraus Dennis , Randolph Gregory 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article provides best practice guidelines regarding nasopharyngolaryngoscopy and OHNS clinic reopening during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim is to provide evidence‐based recommendations defining the risks of COVID‐19 in clinic, the importance of pre‐visit screening in addition to testing, along with ways to adhere to CDC guidelines for environmental, source, and engineering controls.
Epigenetic regulation of cancer stem cell formation and maintenance
Authors: French Rhiannon , Pauklin Siim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCancerous tumours contain a rare subset of cells with stem‐like properties that are termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are defined by their ability to divide both symmetrically and asymmetrically, to initiate new tumour growth and to tolerate the foreign niches required for metastatic dissemination. Accumulating evidence suggests that tumours arise from cells with stem‐like properties, the generation of CSCs is therefore likely to be an initiatory event in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, CSCs in established tumours exist in a dynamic and plastic state, with nonstem tumour cells thought to be capable of de‐differentiation to CSCs. The regulation of the CSC state both during tumour initiation and within established tumours is a desirable therapeutic target and is mediated by epigenetic factors. In this review, we will explore the epigenetic parallels between induced pluripotency and the generation of CSCs, and discuss how the epigenetic regulation of CSCs opens up novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Program organization rather than choice of test determines success of cervical cancer screening: Case studies from Bangladesh and India
Authors: Bhatla Neerja , Nessa Ashrafun , Oswal Kunal , Vashist Shachi , Sebastian Paul , Basu Partha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe call for elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem by the World Health Organization has led to intense focus on the burden of disease, available resources, and the possibility of introducing efficient systems for screening and treatment that allow effective cancer control in limited‐resource settings. Presently, the focus is on the introduction of rapid, technologically less‐demanding, affordable HPV testing. However, until such tests become widely available, the momentum that has been gained using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) should not be lost. Countries with limited resources and a heavy burden of cervical cancer, such as Bangladesh and India, introduced and scaled up VIA‐based programs with varying degrees of programmatic organization and performance. Despite its limitations, VIA’s simplicity and affordability has allowed these countries to build infrastructure, increase numbers of trained healthcare personnel, and develop a system of multilevel coordination within the health system. Such efforts will have long‐term advantages provided that countries have access to an appropriate HPV test and build on their efforts to improve program organization through a strengthened health system, translating lessons learned in program implementation, logistics, and compliance with the new paradigm.
Anti‐VEGF‐R2 Aptamer and RGD Peptide Synergize in a Bifunctional Hydrogel for Enhanced Angiogenic Potential
Authors: Roy Tanaya , James Bryan D. , Allen Josephine B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHydrogels have gained interest for use in tissue regeneration and wound healing because of their absorbing and swelling properties as well as their ability to mimic the natural extracellular matrix. Their use in wound healing specifically may be in the form of a patch or wound dressing or they may be administered within the wound bed as a filler, gel in situ, to promote healing. Thiolated hyaluronic acid‐polyethylene diacrylate (tHA‐PEGDA) hydrogels are ideal for this purpose due to their short gelation times at physiological temperature and pH. But these hydrogels alone are not enough and require added components to gain bioactivity. In this work, RGD adhesion peptides and an antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGF‐R2) DNA aptamer are incorporated into a tHA‐PEGDA hydrogel to make a bifunctional hyaluronic acid hydrogel. RGD peptides promote attachment and growth of cells while the anti‐VEGF‐R2 DNA aptamer seems to improve cell viability, induce cell migration, and spur the onset of angiogenesis by tube formation by endothelial cells. This bifunctional hydrogel supports cell culture and has improved biological properties. The data suggest that these hydrogels can be used for advanced tissue regeneration applications such as in wound healing.
A Flexible Polymer Nanofiber‐Gold Nanoparticle Composite Film for Solar‐Thermal Seawater Desalination
Authors: Mu Shilin , Nan Jingjie , Shi Chenyu , Tang Xiaoduo , Liu Shuwei , Chen Hongxu , Zhang Junhu , Yang Bai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInterfacial solar‐thermal conversion has broad application prospects in solar driven steam generation, seawater desalination, sewage purification, and other fields. For a wide range of applications, high‐efficiency interfacial solar‐thermal conversion materials with the feature of being lightweight, flexible, and easy to scale up at the same time are significantly valued. Herein, a strategy for the preparation of solar‐thermal poly (4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) nanofiber‐gold nanoparticle (Au NP) composite film (PGCF) is reported. Combining with the flexible and lightweight P4VP nanofibers, these absorbed Au NPs enable better solar‐thermal conversion efficiency. Accordingly, the PGCF provides high‐performance interfacial solar‐driven steam generation, with 77% solar‐heat conversion efficiency under the power density of 3.4 kW m−2, which shows stable output (3.4 kg m−2 h−1) in the application of solar‐driven seawater desalination. In addition, PGCF is light in weight, flexible, and suitable for scalable commercial production, enabling PGCF broad application prospects in the field of light‐to‐heat conversion.
A diffusion model for backfill grout behind shield tunnel lining
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Xue , Shen Shui‐Long , Xu Ye‐Shuang , Zhou Annan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical model to investigate backfill grout diffusion behind tunnel segmental lining, in which the backfill grout is taken as a Bingham fluid. The analytical model of grout diffusion is derived based on force–equilibrium principle, Darcy's law, and the law of momentum conservation of the grout. Time‐dependent grout diffusion pressure and distance are highlighted in the model. The proposed grout diffusion model is applied in two field cases: Metro Lines No. 9 and No. 4 in Shanghai City. The results show that the proposed model agrees well with the measured grout diffusion distance in the field. Parametric studies are then conducted, implying that grout diffusion distance along the radial direction of tunnel lining is proportional to either hydraulic conductivity or initial grout pressure, whereas it is in inverse proportion to the yield stress of backfill grout. The distributions of initial grout pressure exert key influences on the grout diffusion distance and grout diffusion pressure behind tunnel segment lining.
Robust topology optimization based on finite strain considering uncertain loading conditions
Authors: Nishino Takayuki , Kato Junji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present study proposes a method of robust topology optimization assuming uncertainties in the magnitude and direction of loads applied to a geometrically nonlinear structure. The objective function is the sum of the expected value and the standard deviation of end‐compliance of a structure with a compressible Neo‐Hookean hyperelasticity. In this study, quadratic approximation of the end‐compliance with respect to random variables is employed to reduce computational cost. To ensure its accuracy, a complete analytical formulation is derived, and the performance and limitation of the proposed method are deeply discussed. The performance of the proposed method is verified and its numerical examples emphasize the importance of considering geometrical nonlinearity to obtain robust structures with respect to uncertainties of loading conditions. Finally, we have obtained a finding that the optimized network system consisting of thin members plays a significant role in the improvement of robustness of structures.
More Insights on the Use of γ-Secretase Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment
Authors: López-Nieva Pilar , González-Sánchez Laura , Cobos-Fernández María Ángeles , Córdoba Raúl , Santos Javier , Fernández-Piqueras José 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The NOTCH1 gene encodes a transmembrane receptor protein with activating mutations observed in many T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs) and lymphomas, as well as in other tumor types, which has led to interest in inhibiting NOTCH1 signaling as a therapeutic target in cancer. Several classes of Notch inhibitors have been developed, including monoclonal antibodies against NOTCH receptors or ligands, decoys, blocking peptides, and γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs). GSIs block a critical proteolytic step in NOTCH activation and are the most widely studied. Current treatments with GSIs have not successfully passed clinical trials because of side effects that limit the maximum tolerable dose. Multiple γ-secretase–cleavage substrates may be involved in carcinogenesis, indicating that there may be other targets for GSIs. Resistance mechanisms may include PTEN inactivation, mutations involving FBXW7, or constitutive MYC expression conferring independence from NOTCH1 inactivation. Recent studies have suggested that selective targeting γ-secretase may offer an improved efficacy and toxicity profile over the effects caused by broad-spectrum GSIs. Understanding the mechanism of GSI-induced cell death and the ability to accurately identify patients based on the activity of the pathway will improve the response to GSI and support further investigation of such compounds for the rational design of anti-NOTCH1 therapies for the treatment of T-ALL.

Implications for Practice
γ-secretase has been proposed as a therapeutic target in numerous human conditions, including cancer. A better understanding of the structure and function of the γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) would help to develop safe and effective γ-secretase–based therapies. The ability to accurately identify patients based on the activity of the pathway could improve the response to GSI therapy for the treatment of cancer. Toward these ends, this study focused on γ-secretase inhibitors as a potential therapeutic target for the design of anti-NOTCH1 therapies for the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias and lymphomas.
The emergence of new knowledge: The case of zero‐reference patents
Authors: Chen Tian , Kim Changhyun , Miceli Kevin A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryKnowledge‐based theories have posited that new technologies are recombinations of prior technologies. To bring about new innovations, inventors usually use past known knowledge as a key ingredient. However, there exists a particular type of new technology that does not have any explicit prior technology predecessors. These pioneering technologies, also referred to as “zero‐reference patents,” not only reflect new knowledge but can also serve as the initial seed from which recombination can subsequently create more knowledge and technologies. We seek to understand the characteristics of the inventors who create these pioneering technologies. We find that having focused, specific expertise is more important than a broad knowledge base in the development of these pioneering technologies, and that prior inventive success can hinder their creation.Managerial SummaryWe highlight a type of patents which have zero backward references, representing a form of pioneering knowledge. Unlike other types of knowledge, pioneering knowledge comes from inventors who have less successful but more focused experience. Although the zero‐reference patents generally fail to show usefulness on their own, the patents which build upon zero‐reference patents are more likely to become breakthrough patents and to generate a high number of forward citations. Zero‐reference patents are the seeds for future breakthroughs. Given the importance of breakthroughs, we offer an alternative path toward creating such knowledge. Our analysis at the level of inventors also gives guidance on the type of talent who are more likely to generate pioneering knowledge.