bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data driven value creation in AEC along the building lifecycle
Authors: Holzwarth Valentin , Schneider Johannes , Kunz Andreas , Brocke Jan vom 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Interest in the field of data analytics among researchers and practitioners has been rising over the last few years. The digitalization of the built environment leads to increased availability of data, enabling the introduction of data analytics. In this paper we propose a novel framework for data driven value creation in architecture, engineering and construction (AEC). The framework consists of four value creating categories, which are mapped on a building’s lifecycle. Additionally, we analyse over ten data analytics applications by the value they create along the building lifecycle. The paper concludes by suggesting future research for data analytics in AEC.
Detailed load simulation for better grid planning
Authors: Pflugradt Noah , Muntwyler Urs 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The future load profile is the single most important factor for determining the future grid. But in many cases while planning future grids, the planners simply assume that the future load will be much like the current one, which can cause large problems later. In this paper an alternative approach is shown. For the research project “SimZukunft” the future load is calculated based on the official scenarios for Switzerland, which are broken down to the level of the individual house. A bottom-up simulation is used to calculate the future load profile, which is then used to perform the grid planning. The paper explains the methods used to generate a detailed bottom up model for a city as well as the challenges and benefits of the approach and gives a brief overview of some of the results of the research project.
Prediction of hourly solar radiation using temperature and humidity for real-time building energy simulation
Authors: Gaballa Hany , Cho Soolyeon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Solar radiation is considered one of the most substantial energy sources in our life. This paper discusses how to develop an algorithm to predict real-time hourly solar radiation based on readily available weather data such as temperature and humidity. Artificial Neural Network is one of the most effective technologies for developing algorithms to predict solar radiations. Hidden nodes, learning rates, and epochs are the main three variables. An optimization method is proposed to provide the optimum value of the variables depending on the Coefficient of Variance of the Root Mean Square Error, Normalized Mean Bias Error, and Coefficient of determination.
Sensitivity analysis of data-driven building energy demand forecasts
Authors: Bünning Felix , Heer Philipp , Smith Roy S. , Lygeros John 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Data-driven models of buildings could potentially reduce implementation barriers for demand forecasting and predictive control in the built environment. However, such models appear to be sensitive to the quality of the available input data. Here, we investigate the influence of sampling time, noise level and amount of available measurement data as well as the quality of the weather forecast on a heating demand forecast with online corrected Artificial Neural Networks. Based on a case study, we demonstrate that sampling time has a stronger influence on the prediction performance than noise level and the amount of available data. Furthermore, we show that using measured ambient temperatures for training appears to provide no benefit compared to using weather forecasts.
Exergy-based model predictive control for design and control of a seasonal thermal energy storage system
Authors: Jonin Matthieu , Khosravi Mohammad , Eichler Annika , Villasmil Willy , Schuetz Philipp , Jones Colin N. , Smith Roy S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the problem of controlling a seasonal thermal energy storage (STES). The STES considered here is a large scale tank of heated water installed in a building and connected to a solar panel. The stored energy in the STES can be used for providing the building with the space heating (SP) and the domestic hot water (DHW). In order to utilize the STES efficiently, we design a suitable model predictive control (MPC) scheme. In this regard, we develop an appropriate model for the system with an emphasis on the computational tractability of problem. Toward this end, we introduce a bilinear model with analytical linearization. Subsequently, we solve the optimization problem using a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) framework in a reasonable computational time. For controlling the system, in addition to solving the corresponding optimization problem, the main challenge is incorporating seasonal features in the MPC. This issue is resolved by augmenting the cost function with an additional term which is defined based on the exergy of system. Moreover, we address the challenging question of deriving minimal achievable size of the STES tank while satisfying user demand of DHW and SP. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed method is verified numerically.
Hourly CO2 emission assessment of a 5 MWth centralized groundwater HP district heating system in Geneva
Authors: Schneider Stefan , Santandrea Dario , Romano Elliot , Hollmuller Pierre 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the present paper, we develop an hourly simulation model for determination of the relevant system load curves of a new district of 30 high performance multi-family buildings (163’00 m2 heated floor area) situated in Geneva, which is equipped with a 5 MWth groundwater HP. As a complement, at building level, heat recovery on exhaust air is used for pre-heating of DHW by way of decentralized air-to-water HPs. As a result of our model, the 10.7 GWh annual heat production (65% for SH, 35% for DHW) should require 1.93 GWh HP electricity (85% centralized, 15% decentralized). When crossing the corresponding profile with a recent analysis of the hourly CO2 content of the Swiss electricity mix, the annual carbon content of heat amounts to 47 gCO2/kWhth., which is 4 times less than with a centralized gas boiler.
HVACC 4.0: Heating and cooling for the day after tomorrow
Authors: Noll Thomas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
For achieving the 2°C goal of the Paris climate protocol, decarbonization of the building sector, which accounts for about 50% of the primary energy consumption [7], is planned for 2050. With a current annual building refurbishment rate between 0,4 and 1,2% in the EU it will be impossible to reach this objective. For getting on track, efficient and particularly affordable solutions fulfilling future-proof requirements are needed. This paper introduces the concept of HVACC 4.0, which stands for Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Chilling. The system architecture differs from state of the art HVACR, where the R stands for Refrigeration, in at least three points: (1) The innovative thermal storage and collector concept allows to harvest and store “low temperature heat and cold” on a daily basis, (2) in heating applications, the disruptive refrigerant cycle allows to more than double the Coefficient of Performance (COP) compared to air-water heat pumps and (3) in cooling applications, the night-time harvesting of cold via unglazed PVT-collectors allows to boost the Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) by a factor of >10 compared to split devices or cold water aggregates. HVACC 4.0 aims to provide a solution in form of an easy-to-install refurbishment kit. The design criteria for addressing the “4.0” in HVACC 4.0 have been (1) to exemplify the principle of “efficiency 1st”, (2) to maximize the share of Renewable Energies (RE) on total energy consumption, (3) to allow serving next generation low temperature District Grids (DG) and (4) to allow “more sector coupling”. As new and innovative RE sources with high collector yield, unglazed PVT-collectors (Photo Voltaic & Thermal) and thermally activated Sheet Pile Systems are discussed.
Influence of PV facade configuration on the energy demand and visual comfort in office buildings
Authors: Skandalos Nikolaos , Tywoniak Jan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
On the road towards Low or Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB), both a reduction of energy demand and on-site electricity generation from renewable energy systems becomes necessary. Recently, Photovoltaics (PVs) have been widely used in modern buildings as part of the façade, mounted on the envelope or integrated as construction elements. This work investigates the effect of the PV facade configuration on the energy demand and visual comfort of an office building under the semi-continental climate conditions of Prague. Different BIPV systems are compared, focusing on the competing functions associated with the PV system in terms of electrical, thermal and daylighting performance.
Study of small scale photovoltaic applications in rural Indian household context
Authors: Dhiman Brajesh , Kumar Tarun , Rituraj Gautam , Bhalla Kriti , Chakrabarti Debkumar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In India, approximately 240 million people do not have access to electricity. Many suburban and rural parts of the country are either not connected to the grid or are served with an intermittent power supply. In such cases, a dependable source is required to avail the electricity primarily for subsistence. Small-scale solar photovoltaic applications become the most reliable and dependable option to provide electricity, and it could be a solution to compensate electricity for households where the national grid is unreliable, or the population density is too sparse. In this context, a case study is performed in order to investigate the feasibility and usefulness of decentralized small-scale solar photovoltaic applications in the context of Indian rural households. The methodology involves field observations conducted in Sonitpur district of Assam, India. Additionally, a Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted using ‘GaBi’ educational software to assess the embodied energy and energy payback time (EPBT). The socio-cultural relationship of such small-scale solar photovoltaic applications is studied in the human development context of remote villages in Assam state, India. Two different types of decentralized solar photovoltaic distribution models are considered – Solar photovoltaic home system (SPVHS) model and decentralized DC microgrid distribution model. Context-specific benefits are observed for the DC microgrid model over the SPVHS model. Furthermore, the socio-cultural dimensions and issues identified in ownership and maintenance point towards the acceptance of such systems. To fulfil the energy demand by considering affordability and usefulness of design, the DC microgrid distribution model ensured an optimal design based on the rural user requirements. Hence, such systems would address the subsistent energy needs of Indian villages and propel them towards energy self-sufficiency.
“Solar fitness and wellness” – A unique design for sustainable wellness technologies
Authors: Weber Robert Rudolf , Baldini Luca 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A spa facility with two saunas and a steam bath aiming at a primary energy demand reduction by a factor of 6 with reference to a conventional system was designed and built into the NEST innovation platform. For performance analysis, simulations over the course of a year were performed and calibrated with available measurement data. It was found that the efficiency goal along with the targeted annual net zero energy balance could be achieved. For an in-depth performance analysis in the future, a more stable operation and optimized control is needed along with measurement data for a full year of operation.
Integrating occupants’ voluntary thermal preference responses into personalized thermal control in office buildings
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Karava Panagiota , Tzempelikos Athanasios , Bilionis Ilias 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A Bayesian modeling approach which allows incorporating voluntary feedback data (comfort-related responses), collected via participatory interfaces, along with requested feedback data, into a thermal preference learning framework. This is achieved by explicitly considering occupant participation, a type of behavior, in the model. Experiments with human subjects were conducted to collect thermal preference datasets, with both participatory and requested setups, which were used to train personalized thermal preference models. The proposed approach allows using the participatory setup without distorting the thermal preference predictive probabilities. In addition, we propose a concept of smart occupant feedback request algorithm, that determines whether and when to request feedback based on the quantified value of the request. This work will lead to smarter, user-interactive comfort delivery systems that will be continuously updated through interactions with their occupants, and will provide customized indoor environments tailored to individual preferences.
Is your clock-face cozie? A smartwatch methodology for the in-situ collection of occupant comfort data
Authors: Jayathissa Prageeth , Quintana Matias , Sood Tapeesh , Nazarian Negin , Miller Clayton 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Labelled human comfort data can be a valuable resource in optimising the built environment, and improving the wellbeing of individual occupants. The acquisition of labelled data however remains a challenge. This paper presents a methodology for the collection of in-situ occupant feedback data using a Fitbit smartwatch. The clock-face application cozie can be downloaded free-of-charge on the Fitbit store and tailored to fit a range of occupant comfort related experiments. In the initial trial of the app, fifteen users were given a smartwatch for one month and were prompted to give feedback on their thermal preferences. In one month, with minimal administrative overhead, 1460 labelled responses were collected. This paper demonstrates how these large data sets of human feedback can be analysed to reveal a range of results from building anomalies, occupant behaviour, occupant personality clustering, and general feedback related to the building. The paper also discusses limitations in the approach and the next phase of design of the platform.
Human thermal comfort for residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter region, a user based approach
Authors: Monna Sameh , Barlet Aline , Hussein Muhannad Haj , Bruneau Denis , Baba Mutasim 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Improving the overall performance of residential buildings means exploring and understanding users’ needs, expectations and aspirations, as these greatly affect human comfort, health and well-being. This paper investigates thermal comfort conditions, based on quantitative measurements of typical residential multi-story apartment buildings in Palestine, and a qualitative survey of inhabitants’ satisfaction with the indoor environment of their apartments. From these data, average perceived comfort indices (APCI) were calculated. The survey shows that inhabitants of each building have different comfort conditions, especially in summer, according to the orientation of the space. Sunshine, air exchange and temperature are perceived as the most influential parameters for apartment comfort. Although the APCI shows a good level of comfort globally, most inhabitants very often feel hot in summer, mainly during the day, and cold in winter, mainly at night. Measurements confirm that inside air temperature always remains below 16°C in winter, below the comfort level. In summer, it remains between 25 and 32°C, outside the comfort zone. The perceived comfort level seems more related to the inhabitants’ feeling of powerlessness than to real thermal conditions.
Photon mapping to accelerate daylight simulation with high-resolution, data-driven fenestration models
Authors: Grobe Lars O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Data-driven modelling provides a general means to represent optically complex fenestration in daylight simulation by its Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF). Radiance employs the tensor tree as a compact data structure to store the BSDF at high directional resolution. The application of such models under sunny sky conditions is, however, computationally demanding, since the density of stochastic backward samples must match the BSDF resolution. The bidirectional Photon Map is proposed to rapidly forward-sample the BSDF, starting from the known sun direction. Its exemplary application shows a potential speed-up of ⩾ 98% when compared to backward ray-tracing.
Daylight regulated by automated external Venetian blinds based on HDR sky luminance mapping in winter
Authors: Wu Yujie , Kämpf Jérôme H. , Scartezzini Jean-Louis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Automated shading systems have the potential to exploit daylight in buildings to save energy of artificial lighting and cooling loads and improve occupants’f visual comfort. This paper investigates the daylighting performance of automated Venetian blinds based on sky luminance monitoring and lighting computation in winter. ‘fIn-situ’f experiments were carried out in a daylighting test module when the solar elevation angle was 21.7. at noon. Experimental results showed the automated shading was able to maintain work-plane illuminance within [500, 2000] lux range for 88% of the working time under a clear sky and for 83% of the working time under a partly cloudy sky, while mitigating discomfort glare for occupants.
Impact of dynamic lighting control on light exposure, visual comfort and alertness in office users
Authors: Benedetti Marta , Maierová Lenka , Cajochen Christian , Motamed Ali , Münch Mirjam , Scartezzini Jean Louis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The lighting environment at indoor workplaces is important not only to provide vision and visual comfort, but also for light’s direct influence on human physiology, cognitive performance and mood. The purpose of this ongoing study is to investigate the impact of a dynamic control of combined daylight and artificial lighting on office users’ visual comfort as well as on alertness and cognitive performance. We are going to evaluate the impact of two different office lighting conditions in a quasi-real setting on subjective alertness ratings in healthy young participants over several days. We will compare an office with optimized daylighting and artificial lighting, operated by a new control system with a standard office room, where the lighting/shading can be changed manually. The aim of this balanced crossover within study design is to show that exposure to optimized dynamic lighting control over several days is superior on subjective alertness and glare indexes, when compared to a conventional lighting control. Here, we present some preliminary results from the first six participants on the comparison of subjective evaluations of alertness and the objective monitored (day-) light exposures and glare index Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) in the two different conditions over one week (five days) each.
A holistic approach for a natural light variation experience: a pilot study of a practical application for office lighting
Authors: Adamsson Mathias , Petersson Mikael , Aries Myriam 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lighting is crucial for vision and has important effects beyond vision, influencing a variety of physiological and behavioral processes. When designing lighting, visual aspects, effects beyond vision, and perception of the environment should be considered together in a holistic approach. As humans evolved under daylight, a lighting protocol, based on a room context and daylight characteristics, was developed and described. The lighting, with customized light levels, spectral composition and light distribution that changed dynamically to evoke a perception of daylight conditions, was realized using commercially available luminaires and a digital control system. The resulting lighting conditions are described by measurements
A smart luminaire in an office environment: impact on light distribution, user interactions and comfort
Authors: Nembrini Julien , Kämpf Jérôme H , Papinutto Michael , Lalanne Denis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A smart luminaire able to change the direction of its light beam is installed in an office environment and compared to the available LEDs fixtures. Standard lighting measures are performed and a controlled user experiment is conducted, involving 22 subjects. Qualitative results suggest that very low illuminance levels can be characterized as comfortable. Quantitative results supported by statistical significance reveal (1) wider use range of illuminance levels for the smart luminaires, (2) an interaction decrease during the experiment and (3) different usage of the luminaire depending on the subject’s side. Advantages and drawbacks of digitally actuated luminaires are briefly discussed.
An innovative PCM Storage System to enhance Building Energy Autonomy: experimental and numerical characterization
Authors: Robadey J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Even if the use of renewable energy sources towards autonomous buildings is promising, it is facing a fundamental issue: the shift between energy production and heating energy demand. We propose in this paper a thermally controlled storage solution using phase change materials integrated in the building walls. Its main advantage lies in the ability to activate on-demand the thermal discharge by ventilating the phase change materials. A test bench has been manufactured. Tests were performed which proved the feasibility of overnight storage with morning discharge allowing an internal air temperature increase of 5°C. Simulations based on experimental results showed that an integration in real buildings with photovoltaic energy production allows to significantly increase the building energy autonomy. If the improvement is important for all types of buildings, it showed larger absolute improvements for weakly insulated buildings than for buildings with an efficient insulation.
Building thermal bridge heat losses quantification by infrared thermography. Steady-state evaluation and uncertainty calculation
Authors: François A , Ibos L , Feuillet V , Meulemans J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study deals with the measurement of thermal bridges properties in building walls. The methodology is tested on an experimental wall built in laboratory. The setup thermal bridges transmission coefficients ψ and χ are measured in steady-state by infrared thermography. To do so, the thermal bridges impact factor Itb
is calculated. In the proposed method, the value of the surface emissivity is not required: only apparent temperatures are used. Experiments proved good reproducibility. Calculations of the uncertainties enabled to identify infrared measurements as the main sources of error.
Influence of energy retrofit on material flows: comparison between various strategies
Authors: Gobbo Emilie , Trachte Sophie , Massart Catherine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cities are fast growing and their dependence on external services and supplies increases with time. In Europe, the existing building stock is both ageing and energy-demand intensive: its energy retrofit becomes necessary, this resulting in waste generation and pressure on the availability of raw materials. New approaches such as circular economy are arising to face these challenges. However, principles of circular economy are not necessarily associated with energy concerns. To address this gap, this paper considers the current need of retrofit strategies in an urban mining perspective. A methodology based on a bottom-up approach is proposed, aiming to evaluate the impacts of energy retrofit strategies on material stocks and flows at the building scale.