bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐time biofeedback integrated into neuromuscular training reduces high‐risk knee biomechanics and increases functional brain connectivity: A preliminary longitudinal investigation
Authors: Diekfuss Jed A. , Grooms Dustin R. , Bonnette Scott , DiCesare Christopher A. , Thomas Staci , MacPherson Ryan P. , Ellis Jonathan D. , Kiefer Adam W. , Riley Michael A. , Schneider Daniel K. , Gadd Brooke , Kitchen Katie , Barber Foss Kim D. , Dudley Jonathan A. , Yuan Weihong , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProspective evidence indicates that functional biomechanics and brain connectivity may predispose an athlete to an anterior cruciate ligament injury, revealing novel neural linkages for targeted neuromuscular training interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a real‐time biofeedback system for altering knee biomechanics and brain functional connectivity. Seventeen healthy, young, physically active female athletes completed 6 weeks of augmented neuromuscular training (aNMT) utilizing real‐time, interactive visual biofeedback and 13 served as untrained controls. A drop vertical jump and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging were separately completed at pre‐ and posttest time points to assess sensorimotor adaptation. The aNMT group had a significant reduction in peak knee abduction moment (pKAM) compared to controls (p = .03, d = 0.71). The aNMT group also exhibited a significant increase in functional connectivity between the right supplementary motor area and the left thalamus (p = .0473 after false discovery rate correction). Greater percent change in pKAM was also related to increased connectivity between the right cerebellum and right thalamus for the aNMT group (p = .0292 after false discovery rate correction, r2 = .62). No significant changes were observed for the controls (ps > .05). Our data provide preliminary evidence of potential neural mechanisms for aNMT‐induced motor adaptations that reduce injury risk. Future research is warranted to understand the role of neuromuscular training alone and how each component of aNMT influences biomechanics and functional connectivity.
Linguistic predictability influences auditory stimulus classification within two concurrent speech streams
Authors: Szalárdy Orsolya , Tóth Brigitta , Farkas Dávid , Orosz Gábor , Honbolygó Ferenc , Winkler István 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAcoustic predictability has been shown to affect auditory stream segregation, while linguistic predictability is known to be an important factor in speech comprehension. We tested the effects of linguistic predictability on auditory stream segregation and target detection by assessing the event‐related potentials elicited by targets and distractors in participants presented with two concurrent speech streams. The linguistic cues of predictability varied over four levels. In the three real speech conditions, natural speech was presented with intact phonotactics and sentence prosody: normal speech, word‐salad (randomized word order within each sentence), and pseudo‐words (randomized syllable order within each sentence). The fourth (control) condition delivered a spectrally rotated version of the normal speech condition. Participants were instructed to attend one stream and respond to the natural cough sounds embedded in it. Coughs were present in both streams, serving as targets in the attended and as distractors in the unattended stream. We expected improved target detection with increasing linguistic predictability. The target‐related N2b component's amplitude monotonically increased from the pseudo‐word to the word‐salad and normal speech condition, while no predictability effects were observed for the P3b amplitude or for behavioral responses. The dissociation between the N2b and P3b/behavioral effect suggests that while linguistic predictability enhanced the process of classifying stimuli as potential targets, this did not affect their detection. Furthermore, the observed nonmonotonic distractor N2 (probably MMN) amplitude increase with increasing linguistic predictability is compatible with the notion that linguistic predictability can modulate auditory stream segregation and/or stream selection.
Aurora A inhibition disrupts chromosome condensation and spindle assembly during the first embryonic division in pigs
Authors: Cui Panpan , Abbasi Benazir , Lin Defeng , Rui Rong , Ju Shiqiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs common overexpression of Aurora A in various tumours, much attention has focused on its function in inducing cancer, and its value in cancer therapeutics, considerably less is known regarding its role in the first cleavage division of mammalian embryos. Here, we highlight an indispensable role of Aurora A during the first mitotic division progression of pig embryos just after meiosis. The expression and spatiotemporal localization of Aurora A were initially assessed in pig embryos during the first mitotic division by Western blot analysis and indirect immunofluorescent staining. Then, the potential role of Aurora A was further evaluated using a highly selective Aurora A inhibitor, MLN8054, during this mitotic progression in pig embryos. Aurora A was found to express and exhibit a specific dynamic intracellular localization pattern during the first mitotic division in pig embryos. Aurora A was diffused in the cytoplasm at the prophase stage, and then exhibited a dynamic intracellular localization which was tightly associated with the chromosome and spindle dynamics throughout subsequent mitotic phases. Inhibition of Aurora A by MLN8054 treatment led to the failure of the first cleavage, with the majority of embryos being arrested in prophase of the mitotic division. Further subcellular structure examination showed that Aurora A inhibition not only led to the failure of spindle microtubule assembly, but also resulted in severe defects in chromosome condensation, accompanied by an obvious decrease in p‐TACC3(S558) expression during the prophase of the first mitosis. Together, these results illustrated that Aurora A is crucial for both spindle assembly and chromosome condensation during the first mitotic division in pig embryos, and that the regulation of Aurora A may be associated with its effects on p‐TACC3(S558) expression.
Psychache Predicts Suicide Attempter Status Change in Students Starting University
Authors: Lambert Christine E. , Troister Talia , Ramadan Zeinab , Montemarano Vanessa , Fekken G. Cynthia , Holden Ronald R. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesUnlike many investigations that focus on suicide ideation rather than suicidal behavior, the present research evaluates the merit and relative efficacy of psychache (i.e., unbearable mental pain) for predicting self‐reported suicide attempts among university students who are starting university.MethodA sample of 516 elevated‐risk undergraduates was assessed during the first three weeks of starting university and, again, 10 weeks later.ResultsPsychache and depression, but not hopelessness, could predict change in suicide attempter status. When measures of psychache, depression, and hopelessness were considered simultaneously, only psychache provided significant, unique predictive power.ConclusionsFindings are interpreted as supporting Shneidman's model whereby psychache is seen as the cause of suicide.
Heat treatment improves the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in rats with femoral artery occlusion via a reduction in the activity of the P2X receptor pathway
Authors: Qin Lu , Li Qin , Li Jianhua 
Published: February 2020

Key points
During exercise, the blood pressure (BP) response is exaggerated in peripheral artery disease (PAD).
We examined whether heat treatment (HT) has beneficial effects on the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in PAD rats.
With HT (increase in basal muscle temperature of ∼1.5°C for 30 min, twice daily for three continuous days), the amplified BP response to muscle contraction is alleviated in PAD.
We demonstrated that HT attenuates the enhancement of the BP response induced by stimulation of P2X in muscle afferent nerves of PAD rats. HT also attenuates the upregulation of the P2X3 and the increase in P2X currents in the muscle afferent neurons of PAD rats.
Previous heat exposure plays a beneficial role in modifying the exaggeration of the exercise pressor reflex in PAD and a reduction in the activity of the P2X receptor pathway is probably a part of the mechanism mediating this improvement.
AbstractThe current study was performed to examine if heat treatment (HT) has beneficial effects on the exaggerated exercise pressor reflex in rats with peripheral artery disease (PAD). We further determined if the temperature‐sensitive P2X receptor is involved in the effects of HT. The pressor response to static muscle contraction and α,β‐methylene ATP (αβ‐me ATP, a P2X agonist) was examined. Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein levels of P2X3 in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and the whole cell patch clamp was used to examine the amplitude of P2X currents in the DRG neurons. The basal muscle temperature (Tm) was lower in PAD rats than in control rats. Tm was increased by ∼1.5°C and this increase was maintained for 30 min. This HT protocol was performed tweice daily for three continuous days. A greater blood pressure (BP) response to contraction was observed in PAD rats. HT attenuated the amplification of the BP response in PAD rats. HT also attenuated the enhancement of the BP response induced by the arterial injection of αβ‐me ATP in PAD rats. In addition, HT attenuated the upregulation of the P2X3 and increased P2X currents in the DRG neurons of PAD rats. In conclusion, previous heat exposure plays an inhibitory role in modifying the exaggeration of the exercise pressor reflex in PAD and a reduction of the activity of the P2X receptor pathway is probably a part of mechanisms leading to the beneficial effects of HT.
Modeling Actuation of Ionomer Cilia in Salt Solution Under an External Electric Field
Authors: Boldini Alain , Rosen Maxwell , Cha Youngsu , Porfiri Maurizio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A recent experiment by Kim’s group from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, has shown the possibility of actuating ionomer cilia in salt solution. When these actuators are placed between two external electrodes, across which a small voltage is applied, they move toward the cathode. This is in stark contrast with ionic polymer metal composites, where the same ionomers are plated by metal electrodes but bending occurs toward the anode. Here, we seek to unravel the factors underlying the motion of ionomer cilia in salt solution through a physically based model of actuation. In our model, electrochemistry is described through the Poisson–Nernst–Planck system in terms of concentrations of cations and anions and voltage. Through finite element analysis, we establish that Maxwell stress is the main driving force for the motion of the cilia. This study constitutes a first effort toward understanding the motion of ionomer cilia in salt solution, which, in turn, may help elucidate the physical underpinnings of actuation in ionic polymer metal composites.
Assessment of correlates of hand hygiene compliance among final year medical students: a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands
Authors: Erasmus Vicki , Otto Suzie , De Roos Emmely , van Eijsden Rianne , Vos Margreet C , Burdorf Alex , van Beeck Ed 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo identify the factors that influence the hand hygiene compliance of final year medical students, using a theoretical behavioural framework.DesignCross-sectional survey assessing self-reported compliance and its behavioural correlates.SettingInternships of medical students in the Netherlands.Participants322 medical students of the Erasmus Medical Center were recruited over a period of 12 months during the Public Health internship, which is the final compulsory internship after an 18-month rotation schedule in all major specialities.Primary and secondary outcome measuresBehavioural factors influencing compliance to hand hygiene guidelines were measured by means of a questionnaire based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Social Ecological Models. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the effect of including attitudes, social norms, self-efficacy, knowledge, risk perception and habit on hand hygiene compliance.ResultsWe included 313 students in the analysis (response rate 97%). The behavioural model explained 40% of the variance in self-reported compliance (adjusted R2=0.40). Hand hygiene compliance was strongly influenced by attitudes (perceived outcomes of preventive actions), self-efficacy (perception of the ability to perform hand hygiene at the clinical ward) and habit, but was not associated with knowledge and risk perception.ConclusionsTargeting medical students’ behaviour should focus on the empowerment of these juniors and provide them with evidence on the health benefits of prevention, rather than increasing their factual knowledge of procedures. Clinical teaching environments could help them form good patient safety habits during this vital phase of their career.
Cross-sectional study on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) and violations of tobacco sale regulations in Myanmar: do these factors affect current tobacco use among Myanmar high school students?
Authors: Cho Su Myat , Saw Yu Mon , Latt Nyi Nyi , Saw Thu Nandar , Htet Hein , Khaing Moe , Than Thet Mon , Win Ei Mon , Aung Zaw Zaw , Kariya Tetsuyoshi , Yamamoto Eiko , Hamajima Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the associations of current tobacco use with tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS), and illicit tobacco sales exposures among Myanmar high school students.DesignA quantitative, cross-sectional study.SettingSeven high schools from both urban and rural areas of four states and regions in Myanmar.ParticipantsIn total, 1174 high school students (482 males and 692 females) were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire.Main outcome measureCurrent tobacco use of participants, defined as using any kind of smoked or smokeless tobacco product at least one occasion within the past 30 days.ResultsThe prevalence of TAPS exposure was 90.9% among high school students in Myanmar. Current tobacco use was positively associated with being over 14 years old (adjusted OR (AOR) 9.81; 95% CI 4.54 to 21.19), being male (AOR 28.06; 95% CI 13.29 to 59.25), exposure to any kind of TAPS (AOR 6.59; 95% CI 2.33 to 18.64), having seen any smoked tobacco product for sale inside or within 100 feet of the school premises (AOR 4.17; 95% CI 1.65 to 10.58), having seen the sale or gifting of any smoked tobacco product to minors (AOR 6.46; 95% CI 2.18 to 19.12) and having seen the sale or distribution of any smoked tobacco product by minors (AOR 2.42; 95% CI 1.42 to 4.10). Having ever received health education about tobacco use (AOR 0.45; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.78), or having a higher perception score of tobacco use (AOR 0.17; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.30) were negatively associated with current tobacco use.ConclusionsThere was an alarming prevalence of TAPS exposure among Myanmar high school students. TAPS exposure and violations of tobacco sale regulations were strong risk factors for current tobacco use among Myanmar high school students, while health education about tobacco products was reported as an effective protective factor. Specific smokeless tobacco sale regulations for minors are needed immediately in Myanmar.
Rethinking rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention: a protocol of a multicentre cohort study on continuity of care, health literacy, adherence and costs at all care levels (the CONCARDPCI)
Authors: Norekvål Tone M , Allore Heather G , Bendz Bjørn , Bjorvatn Cathrine , Borregaard Britt , Brørs Gunhild , Deaton Christi , Fålun Nina , Hadjistavropoulos Heather , Hansen Tina Birgitte , Igland Stig , Larsen Alf Inge , Palm Pernille , Pettersen Trond Røed , Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Schjøtt Jan , Søgaard Rikke , Valaker Irene , Zwisler Ann Dorthe , Rotevatn Svein 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) aims to provide instant relief of symptoms, and improve functional capacity and prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Although patients may experience a quick recovery, continuity of care from hospital to home can be challenging. Within a short time span, patients must adjust their lifestyle, incorporate medications and acquire new support. Thus, CONCARDPCIwill identify bottlenecks in the patient journey from a patient perspective to lay the groundwork for integrated, coherent pathways with innovative modes of healthcare delivery. The main objective of the CONCARDPCIis to investigate (1) continuity of care, (2) health literacy and self-management, (3) adherence to treatment, and (4) healthcare utilisation and costs, and to determine associations with future short and long-term health outcomes in patients after PCI.Methods and analysisThis prospective multicentre cohort study organised in four thematic projects plans to include 3000 patients. All patients undergoing PCI at seven large PCI centres based in two Nordic countries are prospectively screened for eligibility and included in a cohort with a 1-year follow-up period including data collection of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) and a further 10-year follow-up for adverse events. In addition to PROs, data are collected from patient medical records and national compulsory registries.Ethics and disseminationApproval has been granted by the Norwegian Regional Committee for Ethics in Medical Research in Western Norway (REK 2015/57), and the Data Protection Agency in the Zealand region (REG-145-2017). Findings will be disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publications and to patients through patient organisations.Trial registration numberNCT03810612.
Knowledge, attitude and current practices of pregnant women towards group B streptococcus screening: cross-sectional study, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshengeti Amer , Alharbi Amjad , Alraddadi Shahad , Alawfi Abdulsalam , Aljohani Bushra 
Published: February 2020

AimsGroup B streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most frequent bacterial pathogens causing invasive infections in neonates. It can be transmitted from colonised mother to neonates around delivery. Screening strategies for GBS during pregnancy include either universal culture-based or risk-based screening. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and current practices of pregnant women towards GBS screening in Al-Madinah City, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia, from May to July 2018. Participants were recruited from postnatal wards. Participants were interviewed using a previously published validated survey that was divided into the following domains: demographic data, knowledge, experience and attitude towards different GBS screening strategies.ResultsA total of 377 out of 450 women (response rate 83.7%) were enrolled. The results showed that the overall mean knowledge score of the pregnant women towards GBS screening was 59.8%. Majority of the women (66.8%) were not aware of the GBS bacterium, while 86.5% of them had never been informed of GBS risk assessment during their pregnancies. The mean knowledge score among women who were aware of GBS (62.8%) was significantly higher than that among women who were not (58.4%) (p=0.015). However, majority of the pregnant women (61.8%) showed preference for universal culture-based GBS screening strategy over risk-based strategy.ConclusionThe study results have concluded that the level of awareness and knowledge about GBS among pregnant women were relatively poor; however, majority of the pregnant women prefer universal culture-based screening.
‘Unpacking’ pathways to lymphoma and myeloma diagnosis: Do experiences align with the Model of Pathways to Treatment? Findings from a UK qualitative study with patients and relatives
Authors: Howell Debra , Hart Ruth , Smith Alexandra , Macleod Una , Patmore Russell , Roman Eve 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo explore alignment of experiences before lymphoma and myeloma diagnosis with the appraisal, help seeking and diagnostic intervals in the Model of Pathways to Treatment (MPT).DesignA qualitative study using in-depth semistructured interviews with patients and relatives. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, anonymised and analysed using qualitative description.SettingA UK population-based haematological malignancy patient cohort.ParticipantsFifty-five patients (35 lymphoma, 20 myeloma: diagnosed 2014–2016) and 28 relatives participated, within around a year of the patient’s diagnosis. Patients were selected from those in the cohort who had returned a questionnaire about their symptoms and help seeking, and consented to contact for further research. Sampling was purposive, to achieve maximum variation in age, sex and time to diagnosis.ResultsParticipants described time from symptom onset to diagnosis as ranging from several weeks to years. Pathways largely aligned with MPT components and help seeking could lead to the rapid investigations and identification of abnormalities. However, symptoms could be vague and/or inadvertently interpreted as other conditions, which if perpetuated, could cause diagnostic delay. The latter was associated with chaotic pathways, with activities rarely occurring only once or in a linear sequence. Rather, intermittent or ongoing processes were described, moving forward and backwards through intervals. This is ‘unpacked’ within five themes: (1) appraisal and reappraisal; (2) patient-initiated self-management/treatment; (3) initial help seeking; (4) re-presentation; and (5) patient-initiated actions, decisions and emotions during re-presentation. Within these themes, various healthcare professionals were consulted, often many times, as symptoms persisted/progressed. Input from family/friends was described as substantial, as was the extent to which information seeking occurred.ConclusionLymphoma and myeloma pathways align with the MPT, but do not fully capture the repetition and complexity described by participants. Time to diagnosis was often prolonged, despite the best efforts of patients, relatives and healthcare professionals. The impact of National Health Service England’s Multi-diagnostic Disciplinary Centres on time to haematological cancer diagnosis remains to be seen.