bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bipedicle-Conjoined Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flaps for Unilateral Breast Reconstruction in Overweight and Obese Patients: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Risks?
Authors: Sultan Steven M. , Seth Akhil K. , Lamelas Andreas M. , Greenspun David T. , Erhard Heather A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Some surgeons have advocated for the use of bipedicle-conjoined deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps in unilateral autologous breast reconstruction in thin patients in whom a hemiabdominal flap is deemed insufficient. There have been no studies to date, however, exploring complication rates for bipedicle-conjoined DIEP flaps for unilateral reconstruction in overweight or obese patients.
Methods The authors performed a retrospective review of two senior authors' patients from 2013 until 2018. In this time period, 71 patients underwent unilateral breast reconstruction with bipedicle-conjoined DIEP flaps. The patients were divided into normal weight (body mass index [BMI] < 25, n = 30), and overweight/obese (BMI > 25, n = 41) groups. Outcomes were reviewed for both major and minor complications.
Results The average BMI of the normal group was 23.1 ± 1.3 kg/m2, while the average BMI of the overweight/obese group was 28.9 ± 4.0 kg/m2 (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in demographics or comorbidities between the two groups.There were no statistically significant differences in the overall incidence of major or minor complications between the two groups (major: overweight/obese = 12.1%, normal BMI = 10.0%, p = 0.39; minor: overweight/obese = 39.0%, normal BMI = 36.7%, p = 0.47). The rate of moderate fat necrosis was significantly higher in the overweight/obese group (overweight/obese = 9.8%, normal BMI = 0%, p = 0.04).
Conclusion Unilateral breast reconstruction with bipedicle-conjoined DIEP flaps can be performed safely in overweight and obese patients. The use of bipedicle-conjoined DIEP flaps in this population allows surgeons to provide overweight or obese patients with reconstructions that are commensurate with their body habitus and/or contralateral breast.
Conformational spread and dynamics in allostery of NMDA receptors
Authors: Durham Ryan J. , Paudyal Nabina , Carrillo Elisa , Bhatia Nidhi Kaur , Maclean David M. , Berka Vladimir , Dolino Drew M. , Gorfe Alemayehu A. , Jayaraman Vasanthi 
Published: February 2020

SignificanceNMDA receptors are the main excitatory receptors in the mammalian central nervous system. They require the binding of both glutamate and glycine for the activation of the protein. However, the binding of one agonist lowers the affinity of the second. The mechanism and physiological significance of this negative cooperativity between the two agonists is currently unknown. Using single molecule FRET and MD simulations we show that binding of one agonist destabilizes the second agonist-binding domain, making it less favorable to bind the second agonist, thus leading to lower affinity. Additionally, there is minimal effect on the transmembrane segments in the presence of a single agonist thus ensuring that the protein is activated only when bound to both agonists.
Splice switching an oncogenic ratio of SmgGDS isoforms as a strategy to diminish malignancy
Authors: Brandt Anthony C. , McNally Lisa , Lorimer Ellen L. , Unger Bethany , Koehn Olivia J. , Suazo Kiall F. , Rein Lisa , Szabo Aniko , Tsaih Shirng-Wern , Distefano Mark D. , Flister Michael J. , Rigo Frank , McNally Mark T. , Williams Carol L. 
Published: February 2020

SignificanceOncogenic signaling by small GTPases enhances malignant phenotypes in both breast and lung cancer. The SmgGDS splice variant isoforms SmgGDS-607 and SmgGDS-558 activate oncogenic small GTPases by promoting their prenylation. We report that a pathologic ratio of SmgGDS splice variants is expressed in cancer cells and is associated with decreased survival of breast cancer patients. We developed a splice-switching oligonucleotide (SSO) to target this oncogenic SmgGDS isoform ratio. This SSO suppresses prenylation of small GTPases, induces apoptotic cell death of breast and lung cancer cells, and diminishes tumorigenesis in an aggressive mouse model of breast cancer. These results define a strategy to suppress the prenylation of small GTPases and diminish malignancy by modulating SmgGDS splicing.
Np
4
A alarmones function in bacteria as precursors to RNA caps
Authors: Luciano Daniel J. , Belasco Joel G. 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Since their discovery more than 50 years ago, dinucleoside tetraphosphates have been found in all realms of life, at levels correlated with a variety of intriguing physiological changes. However, their molecular mechanism of action has largely remained an enigma. Here we present evidence that in bacteria they are incorporated as an alternative chain-initiating nucleotide during transcription by RNA polymerase, generating RNAs that bear a novel nucleoside tetraphosphate cap at the 5′ end. Their assimilation into nascent transcripts is remarkably efficient, up to nine times the efficiency of nucleoside triphosphates. These and other findings suggest that dinucleoside tetraphosphates influence bacterial physiology not by signaling via a hypothetical receptor, but rather by modifying cellular RNAs and impacting their function.
Development of an antibody cocktail for treatment of Sudan virus infection
Authors: Herbert Andrew S. , Froude Jeffery W. , Ortiz Ramon A. , Kuehne Ana I. , Dorosky Danielle E. , Bakken Russell R. , Zak Samantha E. , Josleyn Nicole M. , Musiychuk Konstantin , Jones R. Mark , Green Brian , Streatfield Stephen J. , Wec Anna Z. , Bohorova Natasha , Bohorov Ognian , Kim Do H. , Pauly Michael H. , Velasco Jesus , Whaley Kevin J. , Stonier Spencer W. , Bornholdt Zachary A. , Chandran Kartik , Zeitlin Larry , Sampey Darryl , Yusibov Vidadi , Dye John M. 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Ebolaviruses pose a significant threat to the global community, particularly in areas of equatorial and West Africa. While Ebola virus has caused the greatest number of human cases, Sudan virus is responsible for numerous outbreaks with equally lethal consequences. Antibody-based immunotherapies against ebolaviruses have gained prominence in recent years, resulting in the development of several Ebola virus-specific antibody cocktails, yet no Sudan virus-specific cocktails exist. In collaboration with industry partners, we generated a library of human chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the glycoprotein of Sudan virus. Through a series of in vitro assays and rodent efficacy studies, we down-selected a lead mAb cocktail that demonstrated protective efficacy in a nonhuman primate model of Sudan virus infection.
Energy dissipation bounds for autonomous thermodynamic cycles
Authors: Bryant Samuel J. , Machta Benjamin B. 
Published: February 2020

SignificanceThe second law states that on average, it is impossible for a process to reduce the entropy of the universe. Recent progress has strengthened this inequality by quantifying the dissipation associated with various scenarios. Moving a thermodynamic system dissipates energy because the system is pushed out of equilibrium, quantified by friction. Also, precise control of a degree of freedom requires dissipation due to broken time-reversal symmetry. When considered alone, these two bounds can be made arbitrarily small by either moving slowly or moving imprecisely. However, here we show that for a self-contained thermodynamic process, which must incur both of these costs, there is a lower energetic bound which cannot be made arbitrarily small, even when all changes happen infinitely slowly.
NAD deficiency due to environmental factors or gene–environment interactions causes congenital malformations and miscarriage in mice
Authors: Cuny Hartmut , Rapadas Melissa , Gereis Jessica , Martin Ella M. M. A. , Kirk Rosemary B. , Shi Hongjun , Dunwoodie Sally L. 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Causes for congenital malformations and miscarriages can be genetic, environmental, or a combination of multiple factors; however, in most cases, the underlying reasons are unknown. This study shows that a dietary undersupply of tryptophan and vitamin B3, the metabolic precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), during pregnancy is a cause for frequent multiple birth defects and miscarriages in wild-type mice. When the maternal malnutrition coincided with a genetic variant that impaired NAD synthesis or low oxygen levels as an environmental factor, embryos were more severely affected. Our findings in mice suggest NAD deficiency, due to environmental factors or gene–environment interactions, as a possible cause of congenital malformations in human cases in which no causative gene defect is present.
Measuring the effectiveness of high-performance Co-Optima biofuels on suppressing soot formation at high temperature
Authors: Barak Samuel , Rahman Ramees K. , Neupane Sneha , Ninnemann Erik , Arafin Farhan , Laich Andrew , Terracciano Anthony C. , Vasu Subith S. 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Biofuels are renewables that are blended with conventional fuels because of similarities in the composition and other physical and chemical properties. Over the last 10 y, researchers have examined a variety of biofuels that could replace fossil fuels; however, most have fallen into a few categories of chemical classes. Even though biofuels are a promising renewable alternative to conventional petroleum fuels that could lower greenhouse gas emissions, the products that are most efficiently produced from biomass may not have well-characterized combustion properties as they represent a wide range of chemical structures, which have different emission behavior. The current work provides a comprehensive evaluation of the sooting tendencies of high-performance biofuels selected by the US Department of Energy.
Narrative metaphors in Polish perfumery discourse
Authors: Zawisławska Magdalena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Polish perfumery discourse is permeated with various kinds of metaphors, starting with lexicalized metaphorical terms, e.g.,nuta“note”, to creative, extended, and elaborated metaphors, e.g.,Intensywnie doprawiony przedpokój prowadzi do cytrusowegosalonu, który jak dla mnie mógłby zajmować trochę mniej miejsca, bo najbardziej wartościowa jest kuchnia – serce domu!“Intensively flavored entrance hall leads to the citrus salon, which for me could be smaller because the most valuable is the kitchen – the heart of a home!” This paper concentrates on a specific type of verbal metaphor, used quite often in the Polish perfumery discourse, callednarrative metaphor. Such narrative metaphors can encompass extensive fragments of a discourse or even a whole text. This study describes the triggers of narrative metaphors in perfumery discourse and emphasizes the importance of reference in such metaphor analysis.
Cognitive principles underlying predicational metonymy
Authors: Komatsubara Tetsuta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Metonymy of a predicate, in which the source event implies the target event, is called predicational
metonymy. This paper focused on a Japanese productive predicational metonymy, action for causation, and
described its linguistic preference in terms of aspectual construal based on a corpus-driven quantitative investigation. The
results revealed that an event that is bounded and durative is preferred as the metonymic vehicle in action for causation
metonymy. The two cognitive principles, bounded over unbounded and durative over punctual, were proposed to
explain the linguistic preference. It was suggested that the two principles can be subsumed under the fundamental cognitive
principle of good Gestalt over poor Gestalt, and that this general principle governs metonymic
preference of both predicates and nominal phrases.
An instrument for monitoring stump oedema and shrinkage in amputees
Authors: Fernie G. R. , Holliday P. J. , Lobb R. J. 
Published: February 2020

A new system for measuring the cross-sectional area profiles of amputation stumps and whole limbs has been designed at the Amputee Research Centre. The instrument consists of a cylindrical tank supported on an elevator. The tank is raised to the height of the amputation stump and filled with water. A graph of the cross-sectional area profile of the amputation stump is generated by a mini-computer as the elevator descends. The cross-sectional area (A) is calculated from the expression: where Hw = height of water in the tank This paper describes the instrument, which may find application in many other areas where there is a need to study shape.
The value of flexor hinge hand splints
Authors: Nichols P. J. R. , Peach S. L. , Haworth R. J. , Ennis J. 
Published: February 2020

Functional hand splints have been in use in a number of spinal injury units in the USA since the early 1950s. The splints are designed to provide a pinch-grip either by harnessing wrist dorsiflexion or by external power. Such devices are little used in the United Kingdom. This paper describes the results of late provision of 62 such splints in a Disabled Living Unit. A proportion of tetraplegic patients found such splints of considerable functional value. It is estimated that some 30–60 patients each year would benefit from them if appropriate facilities for early fitting were available.
Diffusion of Brazil’s food policies in international organisations: assessing the processes of knowledge framing
Authors: Milhorance Carolina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article focuses on the political dynamics shaping policy agendas and prescriptions in international organisations (IOs). It elucidates the interactions of Brazil’s state and non-state actors with international bureaucrats, and their role in framing the strategy and recommendations promoted by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and Portuguese-speaking Community of Countries regarding the challenge of tackling food insecurity. The research builds on semi-structured interviews and a significant number of institutional documents, and combines constructivist international relations theory and sociological approaches to policy transfer/diffusion to explore the circulatory processes of policymaking. Aside from enhancing understanding of the micro-dynamics of framing and diffusion of policy ideas and prescriptions in IOs, the article provides information on the dissemination of policy solutions from the global south towards IOs and subsequently, to other developing countries.
Design, fabrication and modeling analysis of a spiral support structure with superelastic Ni-Ti shape memory alloy for continuum robot
Authors: Tian Jiawen , Wang Tianmiao , Fang Xi , Shi Zhenyun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the working ability of continuum robots in confined space, a novel central support structure with the spiral cutting pattern is proposed in this paper. The spiral hollow scheme was selected through analysing different cutting patterns of the thin-walled superelastic Ni-Ti shape memory alloy (SMA) tube. Then the laser cutting process and heat treatment for fabricating the structure were analysed. The analysis results of their impact on the material characteristics proves that the laser cutting and heat treatment ensure the performance of the material. The single-segment and multi-segment prototypes both showed prospective motion ability in the flexural rigidity and continuous deformation tests respectively. Then the flexural rigidity model of the spiral structure was proposed, which was proved effective by comparing the model simulation and finite element analysis results. Furthermore, the central support structures with different flexural rigidities can be customized, which has broad application prospects in continuum robots.
Sixteen Open Clusters Discovered with Sample-based Clustering Search of Gaia DR2
Authors: Hao ChaoJie , Xu Ye , Wu ZhenYu , He ZhiHong , Bian ShuaiBo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Accurate astrometric parameters and photometric data in three bands for more than 1.3 billion sources (mainly stars) were made available in the recent Gaia Data Release 2, allowing us to find new open clusters in the milky Way. We propose a novel sample-based clustering search method with high spatial resolution to search for open clusters (OCs). We used the proposed method to find 16 new OC candidates. Their astrometric parameters are presented, including age, etc.
Historical trends in the amount and structure of organic carbon stocks in natural and managed ecosystems in European Russia
Authors: Chernova O V , Ryzhova I M , Podvezennaya M A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Contemporary (corresponding to the modern state of ecosystems and land use) and prehistoric (for hypothetic intact natural ecosystems similar to modern virgin ecosystems) stocks of organic carbon were assessed for model regions of southern taiga, forest-steppe and steppe in European Russia. The comparison of these stocks enabled an assessment of the integral result of the multidirectional changes in land use that occurred in the studied regions over the historical period. The carbon stocks were determined using a unified cartographic basis, data on taxonomy and texture of soil units, modern land use types and the type and age structure of reconstructed and contemporary vegetation. The results obtained indicate that the modern carbon pool has reduced by 24% compared to the potential prehistoric one in the Kostroma Region and Rostov Region (southern taiga and steppe zones, respectively) and by 37% in the Kursk Region (forest-steppe zone). It was also demonstrated that the contribution of soil to the total organic carbon stock increases southwards, from southern taiga to dry steppe, from 51 to 95% during the prehistoric period and from 62 to 96% currently. The study results show that forestry and agriculture increase the contribution of soil to maintaining the region’s carbon budget.
The mammalian fauna of Kulikovo Pole region (Upper Don River Basin) during the end of Pleistocene – Holocene
Authors: Markova A , Martin T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper includes information on mammalian faunas from eight localities investigated in the Kulikovo Pole region – the place at the confluence of the Nepryadva and Don River where the famous battle between Tartars and Russians occurred in 1380. The oldest faunal assemblages were recovered from the natural outcrops in the upper floodplains of these streams where only steppe and tundra species from the periglacial interval were encountered. The distribution of Middle Holocene forest-steppe landscapes in the Upper Don basin are correlated with mammalian species that indicate major environmental changes. Mammals identified at several medieval sites reflect steppe, forest and hydrogenous species, and remains of domesticated species (cattle, horse, pig, sheep, goat and dog) reveal the impact of human activities during this time. Thus, the study of mammalian faunas associated with the last ∼14 thousand years BP demonstrates significant environmental and climatic changes from the cold periglacial tundra-steppe conditions at the end of the last glaciation to the establishment of forest-steppe habitats during the Middle and the Late Holocene.
Radial growth projections for spruce on Solovetskiye Islands, the White Sea, for the 21st century
Authors: Matskovsky V , Dolgova E , Morozova P , Semenyak N , Solomina O 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Climate change projected for the 21st century is expected to affect different forest ecosystems with corresponding ecological, economic, and social impacts. Modeling is extensively used to estimate the impacts of climate change on tree species distributions, but only several studies produced tree growth projections based on climate change scenarios. However, those studies have been based on multiple regression models without considering the basic principles of dendroclimatology – principle of limiting factors and uniformitarian principle. Here we describe the methodology for tree growth projections that takes advantage of the process-based forward model of tree growth, VS-Lite, calibrated and independently validated on tree-ring data and driven by climate projections. We further use this methodology for spruce growth projections on Solovetskiye islands according to two extreme greenhouse gases emissions scenarios. Even according to the conservative one, which is peak-and-decayscenario, tree growth is projected to be significantly higher throughout the 21st century, than in the 20th century. These results are crucial for the strategies of Arctic region development in the near and remote future.
Late Glacial and Holocene in the south of Western Siberia: geochemical indices and pollen data in Kyrtyma Lake sediments
Authors: Ryabogina N E , Afonin A S , Ivanov S N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents some conclusions of a study of a long-term lake sequence in the southwestern part of the Western Siberian Plain. Environment changes in the Holocene were identified according to geochemical indices, accumulation rate, plant macrofossils, and pollen data of sediment in Lake Kyrtyma. As a result, we firstly obtained the data on climatically conditioned changes of the sedimentation in the flat part of Western Siberia over at least the last 15 thousand years. Geochemical changes in the sediment properties clearly revealed climate change over the Late Glacial and the Holocene. Changes in the composition of macrophytes gave little independent information, while the pollen data are perfectly combined with the sedimentation features and serve as a reliable source for the reconstruction of vegetation changes and landscape. The transition to the Holocene was marked at about ∼12–11.2 ka BP, subsequent ongoing warming led to the aridest Holocene phase at ∼7.1–5.5 ka BP. Cooling and the resulting decrease in vaporation began at ∼5.5–4.9 ka BP, but a cardinal shift in sedimentation due to a gradual increase in precipitation was at ∼4.9–2.8 ka BP. The most significant increase in humidification and a cooling began at 2.8 ka BP.
Schiller on Freedom and Aesthetic Value: Part II
Authors: Matherne Samantha , Riggle Nick 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In his Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man, Friedrich Schiller draws a striking connection between aesthetic value and individual and political freedom, claiming that, ‘it is only through beauty that man makes his way to freedom’. However, contemporary ways of thinking about freedom and aesthetic value make it difficult to see what the connection could be. Through a careful reconstruction of the Letters, we argue that Schiller’s theory of aesthetic value serves as the key to understanding not only his view of aesthetic engagement, but also his distinctive account of individual and political freedom. Whereas in Part I, we developed a reconstruction of Schiller's view that aesthetic value is the only path to individual freedom, in Part II we analyze how Schiller connects aesthetic value to political freedom. In the end, we show that Schiller defends a non-hedonic, action-oriented, communitarian theory of aesthetic value and a theory of freedom that makes the aesthetic not just supererogatory but fundamental for any fully autonomous life. Although we have lost touch with this way of thinking about aesthetic value and freedom, we submit that it is illuminating for contemporary thinking about both.