bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibrio natriegens: an ultrafast‐growing marine bacterium as emerging synthetic biology chassis
Authors: Hoff Josef , Daniel Benjamin , Stukenberg Daniel , Thuronyi B W. , Waldminghaus Torsten , Fritz Georg 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe marine bacterium Vibrio natriegens is the fastest‐growing non‐pathogenic bacterium known to date and is gaining more and more attention as an alternative chassis organism to Escherichia coli. A recent wave of synthetic biology efforts has focused on the establishment of molecular biology tools in this fascinating organism, now enabling exciting applications – from speeding up our everyday laboratory routines to increasing the pace of biotechnological production cycles. In this review, we seek to give a broad overview on the literature on V. natriegens, spanning all the way from its initial isolation to its latest applications. We discuss its natural ecological niche and interactions with other organisms, unveil some of its extraordinary traits, review its genomic organization and give insight into its diverse metabolism – key physiological insights required to further develop this organism into a synthetic biology chassis. By providing a comprehensive overview on the established genetic tools, methods and applications we highlight the current possibilities of this organism, but also identify some of the gaps that could drive future lines of research, hopefully stimulating the growth of the V. natriegens research community.
Appraising home purchase appraisals
Authors: Calem Paul , Kenney Jeanna , Lambie‐Hanson Lauren , Nakamura Leonard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHome appraisals are produced for millions of residential mortgage transactions each year. In addition to preventing fraudulent transactions, an important benefit of appraisals when they report a value below the contract price is that they help borrowers renegotiate prices with sellers. However, appraised values are rarely below the purchase contract price: Some 30% of appraisals in our sample are exactly at the home price (with less than 10% of them below it). We construct a simple but intuitive model to explain how appraisers’ incentives within the institutional framework that governs mortgage lending lead to information loss in appraisals (i.e., appraisals set equal to the contract price). We also present new empirical findings relevant to the issue of appraisal accuracy, based on analysis of appraisal and contract price data and analysis of mortgage default patterns. One new finding—that the frequency of appraisal equal to contract price increases at the loan‐to‐value boundaries (notches) typical of mortgage pricing schedules—is, in fact, implied by our model. In addition, consistent with information loss or, more broadly, with the view that appraisals often artificially confirm the contract price, we find that mortgages with appraised value equal to the contract price are more likely to default.
Nondestructive Differentiation of Polyester Single White Fibers Using Synchrotron Radiation Microbeam X‐ray Fluorescence Spectrometry with Vertical Focusing
Authors: Nishiwaki Yoshinori , Honda Sadao , Yamato Takuma , Kondo Ryosuke , Kaneda Atsunori , Hayakawa Shinjiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, the nondestructive differentiation of individual white polyester clothing fibers was accomplished via synchrotron radiation microbeam X‐ray fluorescence (SR‐μ‐XRF) analysis. SR‐μ‐XRF with vertical focusing is a useful nondestructive method for the analysis of a single polyester clothing fiber. Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirror was used to vertically focus 20 keV X‐rays for the analysis of 22 individual white polyester fibers taken from clothing commonly sold in Japan. SR‐μ‐XRF with a vertical focused 2 μm (V) × 300 μm (H) beam was approximately 12.8 times more sensitive than SR‐XRF with an unfocused 300 μm (V) × 300 μm (H) beam for the detection of elements in single fibers. The minimum detection limits (MDLs) of the SR‐μ‐XRF method were 8.15 ppm for Cl and 0.06 ppm for Br. In addition to Ti in TiO2 delustering agents, Zr and Nb impurities in the delustering agents were detected in individual fibers. Sb from a polymerization catalyst and Co from a transesterification catalyst were also detected in individual fibers. Comparing the Ti Kβ/Sb Lα,β and Zr Kα/Nb Kα X‐ray intensity ratios was a useful way to distinguish individual clothing fibers, and 98% of the fibers were differentiated when additional trace elements were used as discrimination indicators.
Selecting people based on person‐organisation fit: Implications for intrateam trust and team performance
Authors: Hu Qiongjing , Yao Jingjing , Zhang Zhi‐Xue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTeamwork is widely adopted in organisations. Although much evidence indicates that using person‐organisation (P‐O) fit as a selection criterion benefits individual employees, little is known about how this practice influences team functioning. Drawing on the input‐mediator‐outcome model and the research on value congruence, this study built and tested a model that links P‐O fit in recruitment to work teams' performance. Based on data collected from team members, team leaders, human resources managers, and chief executive officers in 96 firms, we found that P‐O fit in recruitment had a positive relationship with team performance and that intrateam trust mediated the relationship between P‐O fit in recruitment and team performance. Further, this mediated relationship existed only when the organisation had a weak, rather than strong, respect‐for‐people culture. This study contributes to the P‐O fit and team literature and has practical implications for human resources practices and team management.
Selection and perception of methotrexate treatment information in people with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Leonardo Nieves , Lester Susan , Graham Michelle , Barrett Claire , Whittle Samuel , Rowett Debra , Buchbinder Rachelle , Hill Catherine L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine beliefs about methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in relation to utilized information sources.MethodsRA patients, who were current participants in the Australian national biologic registry, completed an online questionnaire regarding their use and views about MTX (N = 1010). Participants who used MTX were asked about which MTX information sources they consulted, and whether positive or negative views were obtained. The Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ), was used to measure patient beliefs about MTX.ResultsThe survey response rate was 804/1010 (80%). MTX survey data were analyzed for 742 RA participants (mean age 59 years, 76% female, mean disease duration 19 years) who had used MTX, with 494/742 (67%) reporting current use. Participants consulted multiple information sources (median 3, interquartile range 1‐5). Rheumatologists (98%), general practitioners (GPs) (55%), internet searches (39%), educational websites (38%), and pharmacists (37%) were the most common information sources utilized. Positive MTX information was most often obtained from rheumatologists (92%), GPs (66%), and educational websites (56%). Negative information was most often obtained from relatives, social media, internet chat rooms and friends. Information from rheumatologists was the most influential on favorable BMQ MTX‐specific scores, whereas information from educational websites also affirmed the need for MTX.ConclusionRA patients have significant concerns regarding MTX and consult a variety of sources for MTX information. However, the patient perception of this information varies widely. Rheumatologists and educational websites are the most important information sources in terms of a positive influence on the patient's perception of MTX.
Loss of riparian vegetation associated with decreases in bird specialists: A case study from a subtropical desert
Authors: Hidalgo Aranzamendi Nataly , Ugarte Mauricio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRiparian habitats provide refuge for unique plant and animal assemblages. Many riparian habitats in arid ecosystems have lost most of their vegetation and associated fauna, due to a reduction of their original extension by land transformation. Using a case study from the subtropical desert of Peru, we quantified avian richness, diversity and abundance of resident species in twelve sites with a varying degree of anthropogenic impact, using an anthropogenic index (A.I.) as a proxy of alteration of the original vegetation. Sites with lower values of A.I. were those with the highest percentage of riparian cover. We found that species richness was higher at sites with a higher percentage of riparian vegetation (low A.I.), although bird diversity did not differ between sites. Five bird species, mostly insectivorous passerines, showed higher abundances at sites with low A.I., suggesting that less riparian cover is associated with lower abundances of such species. Despite its conspicuous presence, the Slender‐billed Finch, an endemic species recorded at all sites, was found at lower abundances when riparian vegetation was scarcer. Only one species showed the opposite trend, the Rufous‐collared sparrow, a dietary generalist songbird, which was more abundant at sites with higher A.I. Other 20 species analysed showed no trend. Moreover, several species had few records precluding a formal statistical analysis. This study offers valuable data on the negative impact that the loss of native vegetation could have on riparian communities of subtropical ecosystems, for which no other long‐term data exist. The protection, management and restoration of riparian strips should be a priority for bird conservation in human‐modified environments, particularly for those in developing countries.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Sperm structure of the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis)
Authors: Roopnarine Narindra H. , Gupta Sunil K. , du Plessis Lizette , Aire Tom A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt remains a major concern that sperm structure has continued to be poorly investigated and reported in avian species. To our knowledge, sperm structure in the order Pelecaniforme has not been reported. Although McFarlane (1963; Proceedings of the XIII International Ornithological Congress; Ithaca, NY; American Ornithologists’ Union) reported the study of spermatozoa in two genera and two species of the family Ardeidae, he did not provide an account, or the names of the species examined. The present report on the sperm structure of the cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis, is, thus, the first in the order Pelecaniformes (this bird has been placed variably under the order Ciconiiformes, or the order Pelecaniformes). Five sexually mature and reproductively active male cattle egrets were obtained from the wild, humanely euthanized, the reproductive organs dissected out, and tissues from the ducti deferentia were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. The sperm structure of this bird is generally similar to that described for most non‐passerine birds. However, the acrosome is a short, conical or bullet‐shaped, blunt‐ending organelle that lacks a perforatorium. The base of the acrosome is flat and makes contact with the nucleus along, a correspondingly flat plane. The nucleus, thus, ends anteriorly in a flat plane devoid of a concavity or a rostrum, and an endonuclear canal. The acrosomal and nuclear features of this bird are, therefore, main deviations from the situation in the non‐passerine clade of birds.
Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma: dermal and subcutaneous
Authors: Wong Gwyneth Natalie , Webb Angela , Gyorki David , McCormack Chris , Tran Phillip , Ngan Samuel Y. , Slavin John , Henderson Michael A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesLeiomyosarcoma of skin (LMS) can be sub‐classified on pathology appearances as Dermal or Subcutaneous. The aim of this study was to provide treatment recommendations for these uncommon tumours.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients with dermal and subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma managed at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia from January 2003 to December 2018 was performed. Eighty‐three patients were identified (64 dermal leiomyosarcoma, 19 subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma).ResultsSubcutaneous leiomyosarcoma were larger (median size 14 mm dermal, 49 mm subcutaneous, P = 0.01). No patient with a dermal leiomyosarcoma developed metastatic disease compared to 4 of the 19 subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma (5‐year overall survivals, 98% and 88%, respectively, P = 0.03). The most common site of metastasis was to the lung. No difference in risk of local recurrence was apparent (5‐year recurrence‐free survivals were 85% and 78%, respectively, P = 0.17). Adjuvant radiotherapy was used in 16 (25%) dermal leiomyosarcoma patients and 13 (68%) subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma patients (P < 0.001). Local recurrence was uncommon in both tumour subtypes when patients received definitive surgical excision (minimum histological margins of 10 mm as per institutional protocol) regardless of whether radiotherapy was used. The 5‐year local recurrence‐free survival for dermal leiomyosarcoma treated with radiotherapy was 93% versus 83% without radiotherapy (P = 0.7) and for subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma was 69% and 100%, respectively (P = 0.9).ConclusionsDermal leiomyosarcoma have an excellent prognosis, particularly after definitive surgical excision with margins of at least 10 mm. Subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma has poorer outcomes and should be managed by wider excision and considered for adjuvant radiotherapy.
Rapid screening of COVID‐19 patients using white blood cell scattergrams, a study on 381 patients
Authors: Osman Jennifer , Lambert Jérome , Templé Marie , Devaux Floriane , Favre Rémy , Flaujac Claire , Bridoux Delphine , Marque‐Juillet Stéphanie , Bruneel Fabrice , Mignon François , Diaz‐Flores Ernesto , Hentgen Véronique , Greder‐Belan Alix , Azarian Reza , Koukabi Mehrsa , Rousselot Philippe , Raggueneau Victoria , Manéglier Benjamin 
Published: June 2020

SummaryComplementary tools are warranted to increase the sensitivity of the initial testing for COVID‐19. We identified a specific ‘sandglass’ aspect on the white blood cell scattergram of COVID‐19 patients reflecting the presence of circulating plasmacytoid lymphocytes. Patients were dichotomized as COVID‐19‐positive or ‐negative based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and chest computed tomography (CT) scan results. Sensitivity and specificity of the ‘sandglass’ aspect were 85·9% and 83·5% respectively. The positive predictive value was 94·3%. Our findings provide a non‐invasive and simple tool to quickly categorize symptomatic patients as either COVID‐19‐probable or ‐improbable especially when RT‐PCR and/or chest CT are not rapidly available.
Ready Exerciser One: Effects of music and virtual reality on cycle ergometer exercise
Authors: Bird Jonathan M. , Karageorghis Costas I. , Baker Steven J. , Brookes David A. , Nowicky Alexander V. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesPhysical inactivity remains a major global health concern, and researchers have been encouraged to explore the role of technology in the promotion of physical activity. Technologies that deliver audio‐visual stimuli are frequently applied in the exercise domain. However, there is a paucity of research that examines the efficacy of modern virtual reality (VR) technology in this context. We investigated the effects of VR and music on affective, perceptual, enjoyment, and cardiac responses to aerobic‐type exercise.DesignA fully counterbalanced, within‐subjects design was employed.MethodsA convenience sample of recreationally active adult volunteers (N = 24) completed a 12‐min protocol during which they exercised under music, VR, VR‐with‐music, and control conditions.ResultsAnalyses indicated a Condition × Time interaction for affective valence and perceived activation. Moreover, a main effect of condition emerged for state attention and perceived enjoyment. The VR and VR‐with‐music conditions elicited the most positive affective valence, highest levels of perceived activation, greatest number of dissociative thoughts, and most exercise enjoyment. Differences between these two conditions were negligible across the breadth of dependent variables.ConclusionsThe present findings illustrate the efficacy of modern VR technology in the exercise context, applied both with and without musical accompaniment. Additional research is required to assess the degree to which the findings are replicable among sedentary or ageing segments of the population. Given the emerging support pertaining to a positive relationship between affective responses and exercise adherence, VR technology should be considered as a means by which to promote an enjoyable exercise experience.
Reconciling multiple counterfactuals when evaluating biodiversity conservation impact in social‐ecological systems
Authors: Bull Joseph W. , Strange Niels , Smith Robert J. , Gordon Ascelin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhen evaluating the impact of a biodiversity conservation intervention, a counterfactual is typically needed. Counterfactuals are possible alternative system trajectories in the absence of an intervention. Comparing observed outcomes against the chosen counterfactual allows the impact (change attributable to the intervention) to be determined. Because counterfactuals by definition never occur, they must be estimated. Sometimes, there may be many plausible counterfactuals, including various drivers of biodiversity change and defined on a range of spatial or temporal scales. Here, we posit that, by definition, conservation interventions always take place in social‐ecological systems (SES) (i.e., ecological systems integrated with human actors). Evaluating the impact of an intervention in an SES, therefore, means taking into account the counterfactuals assumed by different human actors. Use of different counterfactuals by different actors will give rise to perceived differences in the impacts of interventions, which may lead to disagreement about its success or the effectiveness of the underlying approach. Despite that there are biophysical biodiversity trends, it is often true that no single counterfactual is definitively the right one for conservation assessment, so multiple evaluations of intervention efficacy could be considered justifiable. Therefore, we propose calculating the sum of perceived differences, which captures the range of impact estimates associated with different actors in a given SES. The sum of perceived differences gives some indication of how closely actors in an SES agree on the impacts of an intervention. We applied the concept of perceived differences to a set of global, national, and regional case studies (e.g., global realization of Aichi Target 11 for marine protected areas, effect of biodiversity offsetting on vegetation condition in Australia, and influence of conservation measures on an endangered ungulate in Central Asia). We explored approaches for minimizing the sum, including a combination of negotiation and structured decision making, careful alignment of expectations on scope and measurement, and explicit recognition of any intractable differences between stakeholders.
Exophytic condyloma: are they as benign as we think?
Authors: Jochum S. B. , Tian W. , Goczalk M. G. , Ritz E. M. , Favuzza J. , Govekar H. R. , Bhama A. R. , Saclarides T. J. , Jakate S. , Hayden D. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimAs the understanding of anal dysplasia continues to develop, controversy remains regarding treatment of these lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate lesion type (flat vs exophytic) and the association between morphology and dysplasia.MethodsThis was a single‐centre retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected pathological database of patients > 17 years old who underwent operative excision/biopsies for presumed anal condyloma or dysplasia from 2009 to 2018. The analysis includes comparisons between patient factors, phenotype and grade of dysplasia.ResultsSixty‐nine patients had 423 lesions. The mean age of the study population was 48.2 years. 62.3% were men and 46.4% of patients were black. 47.8% of patients were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and 39.1% were men who have sex with men (MSM). There were 176 (41.6%) flat lesions and 234 (55.3%) exophytic lesions. Exophytic lesions were 2.5‐fold more likely to be associated with a higher grade of dysplasia than flat lesions (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.09–6.32). Neither lesion type nor dysplasia severity was associated with human papillomavirus, lesion location or patient characteristics, including race, MSM or HIV status.DiscussionExophytic lesions were more than twice as likely to have advanced dysplasia compared with flat lesions. A clearer understanding of the association between gross lesion appearance and dysplasia will allow more appropriate counselling of patients and the development of better screening and treatment guidelines for anal condylomata and dysplasia.
Climate warming moderates the impacts of introduced sportfish on multiple dimensions of prey biodiversity
Authors: Loewen Charlie J. G. , Strecker Angela L. , Gilbert Benjamin , Jackson Donald A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHuman‐assisted introductions of exotic species are a leading cause of anthropogenic change in biodiversity; however, context dependencies and interactions with co‐occurring stressors impede our ability to predict their ecological impacts. The legacy of historical sportfish stocking in mountainous regions of western North America creates a unique, natural quasiexperiment to investigate factors moderating invasion impacts on native communities across broad geographic and environmental gradients. Here we synthesize fish stocking records and zooplankton relative abundance for 685 mountain lakes and ponds in the Cascade and Canadian Rocky Mountain Ranges, to reveal the effects of predatory sportfish introduction on multiple taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic dimensions of prey biodiversity. We demonstrate an innovative analytical approach, combining exploratory random forest machine learning with confirmatory multigroup analysis using multivariate partial least‐squares structural equation models, to generate and test hypotheses concerning environmental moderation of stocking impacts. We discovered distinct effects of stocking across different dimensions of diversity, including negligible (nonsignificant) impacts on local taxonomic richness (i.e. alpha diversity) and trophic structure, in contrast to significant declines in compositional uniqueness (i.e. beta diversity) and body size. Furthermore, we found that stocking impacts were moderated by cross‐scale interactions with climate and climate‐related land‐cover variables (e.g. factors linked to treeline position and glaciers). Interactions with physical morphometric and lithological factors were generally of lesser importance, though catchment slope and habitat size constraints were relevant in certain dimensions. Finally, applying space‐for‐time substitution, a strong antagonistic (i.e. dampening) interaction between sportfish predation and warmer temperatures suggests redundancy of their size‐selective effects, meaning that warming will lessen the consequences of introductions in the future and stocked lakes may be less impacted by subsequent warming. While both stressors drive biotic homogenization, our results have important implications for fisheries managers weighing the costs/benefits of stocking—or removing established non‐native populations—under a rapidly changing climate.