bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Neck-Shaft Angle Using CT Scout View in Healthy Jordanian Adults - A Reliability and Agreement Study
Authors: Altubasi Ibrahim , Hamzeh Hayat , Madi Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

Aims: To report estimates of the reliability and agreement of a new method for measuring the femoral Neck-shaft angle in the Jordanian population. The neck-shaft angle is an important anatomical indicator in orthopedics of the hip. While there are different approaches to measuring the neck-shaft angle in the literature, there is no agreement on the best technique used for measurement. CT scout view was used in this study to provide a promising alternative.
Study Design: Observational reliability and agreement study.
Places and Duration of the Study: Department of physiotherapy, school of rehabilitation science, University of Jordan and University of Jordan Hospital between March 2014 and October 2015.
Methodology: Two independent raters calculated the neck-shaft angle on each hip of 50 pelvic CT scout images of healthy adults to determine inter-rater reliability. One rater performed the measurement twice to determine the intra-rater reliability. Intra-class correlation coefficients were used to examine relative reliability. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and 95% minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated to examine absolute reliability.
Results: The mean value of all angle measurements was 131.3. Intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.726 and 0.63 for inter and intra-rater measurements respectively. SEM and MDC for inter-rater measurements were 2.69 and 7.46 respectively. For intra-rater measurements, they were 2.84 and 7.86 respectively.
Conclusion: The new method proposed in this study for measuring the neck-shaft angle showed good reliability and small measurement error.
Limiting the Risk of Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Are Health Care Providers Missing the Opportunity to Intervene?
Authors: Davis Aileen M. , Chahal Jas , Wong Rosalind , Steinhart Krista , Dwyer Tim , Li Linda , Marks Paul , Cruz Laura , Urquhart Nathan , Wilson Janie Astephen , Cudmore David , Nimmon Laura , Ogilvie‐Harris Darrell 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo understand what sports orthopedic surgeons (OS), primary care physicians (PCPs) with sports medicine training, and physical therapists (PTs) managing nonelite athletes with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury tell their patients about their osteoarthritis (OA) risk.MethodsAn electronic survey was distributed by the Canadian Academy of Sport and Exercise Medicine (PCPs, OS), the Sports and Orthopedic Divisions of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association (PTs), and to OS identified through the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons and the Canadian Orthopaedic Association. The survey included 4 sections: demographics, factors discussed, timing of discussions, and discussion of risk factors and their management. Proportions or means with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsA total of 501 health care professionals (HCPs) responded (98 PCPs, 263 PTs, and 140 OS). Of those responding, 70–77% of physicians reported always discussing OA risk, but only 35% of PTs did. All HCPs reported that patient activities perceived as detrimental to knee health, ACL reinjury, and simultaneous injury to other structures in the knee were most often the reason for discussing OA risk. OA risk was discussed at initial management post‐injury (65–94%), with few discussing risk subsequently. Eighty percent of physicians and 99% of PTs indicated that PTs were suited to provide OA risk and management information.ConclusionHCPs routinely managing people with ACL injury do not consistently discuss OA risk post‐injury with them. Educational strategies for HCPs are urgently needed to develop care pathways inclusive of support for OA risk management following ACL injury.
Trends in Office Visits During Which Opioids Were Prescribed for Adults With Arthritis in the US, 2006–2015
Authors: Santo Loredana , Schappert Susan M. , Hootman Jennifer M. , Helmick Charles G. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo analyze trends for visits to office‐based physicians at which opioids were prescribed among adults with arthritis in the US, from 2006 to 2015.MethodsWe analyzed nationally representative data on patient visits to office‐based physicians from 2006 to 2015 from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). Visit percentages for first‐ and any‐listed diagnosis of arthritis by age groups and sex were reported. Time points were grouped into 2‐year intervals to increase the reliability of estimates. Annual percentage point change and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were reported from linear regression models.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2015, the percentage of visits to office‐based physicians by adults with a first‐listed diagnosis of arthritis increased from 4.1% (95% CI 3.5%, 4.7%) in 2006–2007 to 5.1% (95% CI 3.9%, 6.6%) in 2014–2015 (P = 0.033). Among these visits, the percentage of visits with opioids prescribed increased from 16.5% (95% CI 13.1%, 20.5%) in 2006–2007 to 25.6% (95% CI 17.9%, 34.6%) in 2014–2015 (P = 0.017). The percentage of visits with any‐listed diagnosis of arthritis increased from 6.6% (95% CI 5.9%, 7.4%) in 2006–2007 to 8.4% (95% CI 7.0%, 10.0%) in 2014–2015 (P = 0.001). Among these visits, the percentage of visits with opioids prescribed increased from 17.4% (95% CI 14.6%, 20.4%) in 2006–2007 to 25.0% (95% CI 19.7%, 30.8%) in 2014–2015 (P = 0.004).ConclusionFrom 2006 to 2015, the percentage of visits to office‐based physicians by adults with arthritis increased and the percentage of opioids prescribed at these visits also increased. NAMCS data will allow continued monitoring of these trends after the implementation of the 2016 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain.
Impact of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment on Medication Adherence in Youth With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Chang Joyce C. , Davis Alaina M. , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa S. , Cidav Zuleyha , Mandell David S. , Knight Andrea M. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveYouth with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience high rates of psychiatric comorbidities, which may affect medication adherence. We undertook this study to examine the association between psychiatric disorders and hydroxychloroquine adherence and to determine whether psychiatric treatment modifies this association.MethodsWe identified incident hydroxychloroquine users among youth with SLE (ages 10–24 years) using de‐identified US commercial insurance claims in Optum Clinformatics Data Mart (2000–2016). Adherence was estimated using medication possession ratios (MPRs) over a 365‐day time period. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the effect of having any psychiatric disorder on MPRs, as well as the independent effects of depression, anxiety, adjustment, and other psychiatric disorders. We tested for interactions between psychiatric diagnoses and treatment with psychotropic medications or psychotherapy.ResultsAmong 873 subjects, 20% had a psychiatric diagnosis, most commonly depression. Only adjustment disorders were independently associated with decreased MPRs (β –0.12, P = 0.05). We observed significant crossover interactions, in which psychiatric disorders had opposite effects on adherence depending on the receipt of psychiatric treatment. Among youth with any psychiatric diagnosis, psychotropic medication use was associated with a 0.15 increase in the MPR compared with no psychotropic medication use (P = 0.02 for interaction). Among youth with depression or anxiety, psychotherapy was also associated with a higher MPR compared with no psychotherapy (P = 0.05 and P < 0.01 for interaction, respectively).ConclusionThe impact of psychiatric disorders on medication adherence differed by whether youth had received psychiatric treatment. Improving recognition and treatment of psychiatric conditions may increase medication adherence in youth with SLE.
Establishment of Facile Nanomedicine Construction Methodology to Comprehensively Overcome Hurdles across Tumor‐Specific Nano‐Delivery
Authors: Yu Wuyang , Cheng Qian , Ye Jingjie , Zhang Mingkang , Zhang Cheng , Gao Fan , Ding Xinglan , Feng Jun , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo advance clinical translation of antitumor nanomedicines, the development of a universally applicable, facile, and safe methodology for nanomedicine construction to overcome major hurdles across tumor‐specific nano‐delivery in an all‐in‐one manner would be highly desirable. This study puts forward a HAylation strategy based on positively charged nanocore (NC+) and hyaluronic acid (HA) that is naturally present in the human body. HAylation leads to prolonged blood duration and active tumor targeting. It is demonstrated that HAylation facilitates not only selective uptake of nanomedicines by tumor cells but also deep tumor infiltration via the special transcytosis pathway. This characteristic is ascribed to the site‐specific exposure of NC+ in tumor cells due to fast HA degradation exclusively in response to HAase and an acidic pH in the lysosome after tumor accumulation. HAylation enables the free construction of a NC+ nano‐core with versatile functions. Here, a NC+ core is fabricated by directly assembling a photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent and an inhibitor of the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. The inhibition of BER‐mediated DNA repair has proven powerful to amplify antitumor efficacy since DNA damage is one major cell‐killing mechanism for many anticancer therapeutics. HAylation holds promise for the simplification of the industrial production of nanomedicines and arms nanomedicines to thoroughly overcome fundamental nano‐delivery hurdles.
Programmable Single‐Crystalline PbI2 Microplate Arrays and Their Organic/Inorganic Heterojunctions
Authors: Zhao Jinjin , Li Haohao , Qiu Yuchen , Feng Jiangang , Yang Junchuan , He Ke , Wu Penghua , Wang Naizheng , Gao Hanfei , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeterministic patterning of inorganic semiconducting micro‐/nanostructures has laid the foundation for the on‐chip integration of optoelectronic devices. However, it requires complicated equipment for thin‐film deposition, lithography, and etching. Solution‐processing bottom‐up integration of micro‐/nanostructures has been extensively studied in organic semiconductors and nanoparticles, but solution‐patternable inorganic single‐crystalline micro‐/nanostructures are still elusive. It is still challenging to control the crystallization of inorganic semiconductors in solution processes. Herein, an efficient strategy is developed to steer the crystallization of PbI2 hexagonal microplates in capillary bridges. Evenly distributed mass and ordered microfluid in each capillary bridge are able to attain simultaneous manipulation of position, size, and crystallographic orientation. Complex patterns, including Latin characters, Arabic numeral characters, and mathematical symbols, are realized by positioning capillary bridges. Based on these high‐quality PbI2 microcrystals, high‐performance photodetectors are demonstrated with a responsivity of 625 mA W−1, an on–off ratio of 105 and response speeds of τrise = 0.31 ms and τdecay = 0.17 ms. This technique also allows for the integration of PbI2 microstructures with organic semiconductors to manufacture heterojunction arrays with efficient charge transfer. The strategy provides a perception to fabricate inorganic single‐crystalline microarrays and heterostructures for integrated optoelectronics.
Molecular Tuning of Redox‐Copolymers for Selective Electrochemical Remediation
Authors: Kim Kwiyong , Baldaguez Medina Paola , Elbert Johannes , Kayiwa Emmanuel , Cusick Roland D. , Men Yujie , Su Xiao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMolecular design of redox‐materials provides a promising technique for tuning physicochemical properties which are critical for selective separations and environmental remediation. Here, the structural tuning of redox‐copolymers, 4‐methacryloyloxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl (TMA) and 4‐methacryloyloxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine (TMPMA), denoted as P(TMAx‐co‐TMPMA1−x), is investigated for the selective separation of anion contaminants ranging from perfluorinated substances to halogenated aromatic compounds. The amine functional groups provide high affinity toward anionic functionalities, while the redox‐active nitroxyl radical groups promote electrochemically‐controlled capture and release. Controlling the ratio of amines to nitroxyl radicals provides a pathway for tuning the redox‐activity, hydrophobicity, and binding affinity of the copolymer, to synergistically enhance adsorption and regeneration. P(TMAx‐co‐TMPMA1−x) removes a model perfluorinated compound (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)) with a high uptake capacity (>1000 mg g−1) and separation factors (500 vs chloride), and demonstrates exceptional removal efficiencies in diverse per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and halogenated aromatic compounds, in various water matrices. Integration with a boron‐doped diamond electrode allows for tandem separation and destruction of pollutants within the same electrochemical cell, enabling the energy integration of the separation step with the catalytic degradation step. The study demonstrates for the first time the tuning of redox‐copolymers for selective remediation of organic anions, and integration with an advanced electrochemical oxidation process for energy‐efficient water purification.
Enhanced Photocatalysis by Synergistic Piezotronic Effect and Exciton–Plasmon Interaction Based on (Ag‐Ag2S)/BaTiO3 Heterostructures
Authors: Lei Yanqiang , Xu Shuya , Ding Mei , Li Linlin , Sun Qijun , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPiezotronic and plasmonic effects are effective strategies to improve photocatalytic performance. Combining these two effects in one photocatalytic heterostructure is intriguing, but has yet to be reported. Here, a hybrid ternary structure ((silver‐silver sulfide)/barium titanate (Ag‐Ag2S)/BaTiO3) is introduced, where the synergistic exciton–plasmon interaction in Ag‐Ag2S and Ag2S/BaTiO3 heterojunction tuned by piezoelectric polarization can enhance the photon absorption and charge carrier separation to promote photocatalysis efficiency. The exciton–plasmon interaction in Ag‐Ag2S can amplify the plasmon resonance to the semiconductor region and enhance the light absorption of Ag2S. The piezoelectric polarization can tune the band structure of BaTiO3 and then change the heterojunction between Ag2S/BaTiO3 from Type I (i.e., straddling energy band alignments between BaTiO3 and Ag2S) to Type II (i.e., Z‐scheme system between BaTiO3 and Ag2S with a staggered energy band alignment), which can accelerate the separation of electron‐hole pairs. Using this hybrid material, a high methyl orange (MO) degradation rate up to 90% within 30 min is obtained, which is 20% higher than that of Ag/BaTiO3. The demonstrated hybrid material based on the synergistic piezotronic effect and exciton–plasmon interaction shows great promise in pollutant treatment with high efficiency.
Ultrastable Near‐Infrared Nonlinear Organic Chromophore Nanoparticles with Intramolecular Charge Transfer for Dually Photoinduced Tumor Ablation
Authors: Zhang Yi , Shi Mengke , Yan Zhangren , Zhang Shao , Wang Mengya , Xu Han , Li Hongyu , Ying Yuchen , Qiu Shihong , Liu Jialei , Yang Hong , Chen Huabing , He Hui , Guo Zhengqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) light‐responsive nanoparticles (NPs) of organic photosensitizers (PS) hold great promise as phototherapeutic agents for precision photoinduced cancer therapy. However, highly photostable PS nanoparticles with extraordinary photoconversion capacities are urgently desired to fully realize potent phototherapy. Here, NIR nonlinear organic chromophore nanoparticles (NOC‐NPs) are shown as single‐component PS for dually cooperative phototherapy. Upon 785 nm irradiation, excited NOC‐NPs pass through intrinsic intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) channel to generate both abundant singlet oxygen and local hyperthermia, affording synergistic photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) for tumor ablation. Furthermore, NOC‐NPs exhibit dramatic photostability, enhanced cellular uptake, effective cytoplasmic translocation, as well as preferable tumor accumulation, further ensuring favorable in vivo singlet oxygen generation and hyperthermia for photoinduced tumor ablation. Thus, NOC‐NPs may represent novel high‐performance PS for synergistic photoinduced cancer therapy, providing new insights into the development of potent PS for clinical translation.
Critical Layer Thickness Analysis of Vertically Stacked Hyperbolic Metamaterials for Effective Negative Refraction Generation
Authors: Cho Hanlyun , So Sunae , Badloe Trevon , Bang Sanghun , Rho Junsuk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVertically stacked narrow metal‐dielectric multilayered structures known as vertical hyperbolic metamaterials (vertical HMMs) are proposed for broadband negative refraction. The thickness of each layer is required to be subwavelength for effective medium theory (EMT) to be applicable. Therefore, each layer should be thin, forcing the aspect ratio to become extremely high. This requirement makes the fabrication of vertical HMMs difficult. Thus, it is important to determine the limit of the layer thickness for the realization of vertical HMM. In this study, the critical layer thicknesses of vertical HMMs are investigated numerically at the wavelengths of 400, 500, 600, and 700 nm. It is concluded that the critical layer thicknesses for both vertical and horizontal HMMs depend on the permittivity along the perpendicular direction of the layers. The maximum critical layer thickness of vertical HMMs, with a value of 0.22, is produced by a structure composed of gold and silicon dioxide at the wavelength of 500 nm, while the critical layer thickness tends to be smaller if silver is employed. It is believed that this study can provide a useful database as quantitative indicators which can be exploited in designing nanostructures using EMT.
Voltage‐Controlled Deblocking of Magnetization Reversal in Thin Films by Tunable Domain Wall Interactions and Pinning Sites
Authors: Zehner Jonas , Soldatov Ivan , Schneider Sebastian , Heller René , Khojasteh Nasrin B. , Schiemenz Sandra , Fähler Sebastian , Nielsch Kornelius , Schäfer Rudolf , Leistner Karin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh energy efficiency of magnetic devices is crucial for applications such as data storage, computation, and actuation. Redox‐based (magneto‐ionic) voltage control of magnetism is a promising room‐temperature pathway to improve energy efficiency. However, for ferromagnetic metals, the magneto‐ionic effects studied so far require ultrathin films with tunable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy or nanoporous structures for appreciable effects. This paper reports a fully reversible, low voltage‐induced collapse of coercivity and remanence by redox reactions in iron oxide/iron films with uniaxial in‐plane anisotropy. In the initial iron oxide/iron films, Néel wall interactions stabilize a blocked state with high coercivity. During the voltage‐triggered reduction of the iron oxide layer, in situ Kerr microscopy reveals inverse changes of coercivity and anisotropy, and a coarsening of the magnetic microstructure. These results confirm a magneto‐ionic deblocking mechanism, which relies on changes of the Néel wall interactions, and of the microstructural domain‐wall‐pinning sites. With this approach, voltage‐controlled 180° magnetization switching with high energy‐efficiency is achieved. It opens up possibilities for developing magnetic devices programmable by ultralow power and for the reversible tuning of defect‐controlled materials in general.
Integrated crop‐livestock effects on soil carbon and nitrogen in a semiarid region
Authors: Liebig M.A. , Faust D.R. , Archer D.W. , Kronberg S.L. , Hendrickson J.R. , Tanaka D.L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntegrated crop−livestock (ICL) system effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) are highly variable due to differences in ecoregion‐specific management practices, historical land use, and inherent climatic/edaphic attributes. Few studies have evaluated ICL system effects on SOC and TN in semiarid regions, where soil attributes change slowly. This study quantified ICL system effects on SOC and TN in a long‐term experiment near Mandan, ND. Effects of three residue management treatments (Grazed, Removed, Control) on SOC and TN were determined at five depths (0−0.08, 0.08−0.15, 0.15−0.31, 0.31−0.61, and 0.61−0.91 m) in 1999 and 2014. No‐till practices were employed throughout the study following conversion of perennial grass pastures. A significance criterion of P ≤ .10 was used to assess treatment effects as the experimental design was constrained to two replications. Residue management affected SOC and TN in near‐surface depths only, with greater concentration of SOC and TN at 0−0.08 m under Grazed compared to Removed in 2014 (P = .0844 and .0576). When expressed on an equivalent mass basis, SOC stocks were greater under Grazed and Control compared to Removed. Soil organic C and TN stocks increased over time in the Control by 11.2 Mg C ha−1 and 1.2 Mg N ha−1, respectively (P = .0728 and .0868). Soil organic C stocks also increased over time under the Grazed treatment by 10 Mg C ha−1 (P = .0630). Study results highlighted the importance of residue retention and livestock grazing for increasing SOC and TN in ICL systems under semiarid conditions.
Insufficient evidence exists to use histopathologic subtype to guide treatment of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Fajgenbaum David C. , Wu David , Goodman Aaron , Wong Raymond , Chadburn Amy , Nasta Sunita , Srkalovic Gordan , Mukherjee Sudipto , Leitch Heather , Jayanthan Raj , Ferrero Simone , Sato Yasuharu , Schey Steve , Dispenzieri Angela , Oksenhendler Eric , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Lechowicz Mary Jo , Hoffmann Christian , Pemmaraju Naveen , Bagg Adam , Fossa Alexander , Lim Megan S. , van Rhee Frits ,   the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network Scientific Advisory Board diagnostic criteria international working group and treatment guidelines international working group
Published: September 2020

AbstractIdiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is a rare immunologic disorder characterized by systemic inflammation, multicentric lymphadenopathy, and organ dysfunction. Enlarged lymph nodes demonstrate a spectrum of characteristic but variable histopathologic features historically categorized into hyaline vascular (HV) (or hypervascular [HyperV] more recently), plasmacytic, or “mixed.” Though the etiology is unknown, a pro‐inflammatory cytokine storm, often involving interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), contributes to pathogenesis. Anti‐IL‐6 therapy with siltuximab is the only FDA‐ or EMA‐approved treatment based on efficacy and safety in multiple studies. Importantly, no patients considered to have HV histopathology achieved the primary endpoint in the Phase II study. NCCN currently recommends siltuximab first‐line for iMCD, except for patients considered to have HV histopathology. We investigated whether histopathologic subtype should guide siltuximab treatment decisions. Secondary analyses of clinical trial and real‐world data revealed similar clinical benefit across histopathologic subtypes. Notably, only 18 of 79 patients in the Phase II study were consistently classified into histopathologic subtype by three independent review panels, demonstrating limited reliability to guide treatment decisions. Real‐world data further demonstrate siltuximab's effectiveness in patients considered to have HV (or HyperV). Though histopathology is a critical component for diagnosis, there is insufficient evidence to guide treatment based solely on lymph node histopathologic subtype.