bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus loss assessment tools: a review of underlying concepts and applicability in cold climates
Authors: Habibiandehkordi Reza , Reid D. Keith , Goel Pradeep K. , Biswas Asim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIdentifying critical source areas (CSAs) of a watershed by phosphorus (P) loss assessment tools is essential for optimal placement of beneficial management practices (BMPs) to address diffuse P pollution. However, lack of significant progress in tackling diffuse P pollution could be, in part, associated with inefficacy of P loss assessment tools for accurately identifying CSAs. Phosphorus loss assessment tools have been developed to simulate P loss from the landscape where runoff is mainly driven by rainfall events. Therefore, they may underperform in cold climates where the land is often frozen during winter and runoff is dominated by snowmelt. This paper (i) reviews the strengths and weaknesses of current P loss assessment tools and their underlying assumptions in simulating soil P dynamics and P transfer to runoff, and (ii) highlights a number of challenges associated with modeling P transfer from agricultural land to surface waters in cold climates. Current P loss assessment tools do not appear to fully represent hydrological and biogeochemical processes responsible for P loss from CSAs, particularly in cold climates. Effort should be made to develop P loss assessment tools that are capable of considering P dynamics through the landscape as a result of abiotic perturbations that are common in cold climates, predicting runoff and P movement over frozen/partially frozen soils, and considering material-P connectivity between landscape and surface waters. Evaluating P loss assessment tools with water quality data is necessary to ensure such modifications result in improved identification of CSAs.
Consensus Paper. Cerebellar Reserve: From Cerebellar Physiology to Cerebellar Disorders
Authors: Mitoma H. , Buffo A. , Gelfo F. , Guell X. , Fucà E. , Kakei S. , Lee J. , Manto M. , Petrosini L. , Shaikh A.G. , Schmahmann J.D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCerebellar reserve refers to the capacity of the cerebellum to compensate for tissue damage or loss of function resulting from many different etiologies. When the inciting event produces acute focal damage (e.g., stroke, trauma), impaired cerebellar function may be compensated for by other cerebellar areas or by extracerebellar structures (i.e., structural cerebellar reserve). In contrast, when pathological changes compromise cerebellar neuronal integrity gradually leading to cell death (e.g., metabolic and immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias, neurodegenerative ataxias), it is possible that the affected area itself can compensate for the slowly evolving cerebellar lesion (i.e., functional cerebellar reserve). Here, we examine cerebellar reserve from the perspective of the three cornerstones of clinical ataxiology: control of ocular movements, coordination of voluntary axial and appendicular movements, and cognitive functions. Current evidence indicates that cerebellar reserve is potentiated by environmental enrichment through the mechanisms of autophagy and synaptogenesis, suggesting that cerebellar reserve is not rigid or fixed, but exhibits plasticity potentiated by experience. These conclusions have therapeutic implications. During the period when cerebellar reserve is preserved, treatments should be directed at stopping disease progression and/or limiting the pathological process. Simultaneously, cerebellar reserve may be potentiated using multiple approaches. Potentiation of cerebellar reserve may lead to compensation and restoration of function in the setting of cerebellar diseases, and also in disorders primarily of the cerebral hemispheres by enhancing cerebellar mechanisms of action. It therefore appears that cerebellar reserve, and the underlying plasticity of cerebellar microcircuitry that enables it, may be of critical neurobiological importance to a wide range of neurological/neuropsychiatric conditions.
Severe Asthma and Biological Therapy: When, Which, and for Whom
Authors: Rogliani Paola , Calzetta Luigino , Matera Maria Gabriella , Laitano Rossella , Ritondo Beatrice Ludovica , Hanania Nicola A. , Cazzola Mario 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAsthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that affects approximately 300 million people worldwide. About 5–10% of all asthmatics suffer from severe or uncontrolled asthma, associated with increased mortality and hospitalization, reduced quality of life, and increased health care costs. In recent years, new treatments have become available, and different asthma phenotypes characterized by specific biomarkers have been identified. Biological drugs are currently indicated for patients with severe asthma that is not controlled with recommended treatments. They are mostly directed against inflammatory molecules of the type 2 inflammatory pathway and are effective at reducing exacerbations, maintaining control over asthma symptoms, and reducing systemic steroid use, which is associated with well-known adverse events. Although biological drugs for severe asthma have had a major impact on the management of the disease, there is still a need for head-to-head comparison studies of biologics and to identify new biomarkers for asthma diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment. Identifying novel biomarkers could facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies that are precisely tailored to each patient’s requirements.
Identification of fatigue damage evaluation using entropy of acoustic emission waveform
Authors: Tanvir Farhan , Sattar Tariq , Mba David , Edwards Graham 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAcoustic emission (AE) is a passive nondestructive testing (NDT) technique which is employed to identify critical damage in structures before failure can occur. Currently, AE monitoring is carried out by calculating the features of the signal received by the AE sensor. User-defined acquisition settings (i.e., timing and threshold) significantly affect many traditional AE features such as count, energy, centroid frequency, rise time and duration. In AE monitoring, AE features are strongly related to the damage sources. Therefore, AE features that are calculated due to inaccurate user-defined acquisition settings can result in inaccurately classified damage sources. This work presents a new feature of the signal based on the measure of randomness calculated using second-order Renyi’s entropy. The new feature is computed from its discrete amplitude distribution making it independent of acquisition settings. This can reduce the need for human judgement in measuring the feature of the signal. To investigate the effectiveness of the presented feature, fatigue testing is conducted on an un-notched steel sample with simultaneous AE monitoring. Digital image correlation (DIC) is measured alongside AE monitoring to correlate both monitoring methods with material damage. The results suggest that the new feature is sensitive in identifying critical damages in the material.
Frames and Actors: Translating Talent Management Strategy to Latin America
Authors: Beamond Maria Teresa , Farndale Elaine , Härtel Charmine E. J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTMultinational enterprises (MNEs) transfer their corporate strategies to subsidiaries globally, and in so doing, embark on a translation process. Despite the prevalence of MNEs and their investments in emerging economies, little is known about how local factors affect key actors when translating corporate talent management (CTM) strategies to these regions. This study draws from the translation and talent management literatures to explore the travel of ideas in the context of CTM. Relevant frames (narratives that emerge around actions) and actors are proposed and explored empirically in a qualitative study of 76 employees across an Australian mining MNE with subsidiaries located in Latin America. The findings support extant literature as well as uncovering new frames (categorized in external or corporate, and internal or local) and actors (including non-managerial) as part of the translation process. The findings suggest the need to balance talent management strategies between corporate and subsidiaries by being aware of internal and external frames including in both urban and rural locations. This understanding provides further clarification of the global versus local paradox faced by MNEs. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
The network approach to psychopathology: a review of the literature 2008–2018 and an agenda for future research
Authors: Robinaugh Donald J. , Hoekstra Ria H. A. , Toner Emma R. , Borsboom Denny 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe network approach to psychopathology posits that mental disorders can be conceptualized and studied as causal systems of mutually reinforcing symptoms. This approach, first posited in 2008, has grown substantially over the past decade and is now a full-fledged area of psychiatric research. In this article, we provide an overview and critical analysis of 363 articles produced in the first decade of this research program, with a focus on key theoretical, methodological, and empirical contributions. In addition, we turn our attention to the next decade of the network approach and propose critical avenues for future research in each of these domains. We argue that this program of research will be best served by working toward two overarching aims: (a) the identification of robust empirical phenomena and (b) the development of formal theories that can explain those phenomena. We recommend specific steps forward within this broad framework and argue that these steps are necessary if the network approach is to develop into a progressive program of research capable of producing a cumulative body of knowledge about how specific mental disorders operate as causal systems.
Sexual minority status, social adversity and risk for psychotic disorders-results from the GROUP study
Authors: Post D. , Veling W. ,   GROUP investigators
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLesbian, bisexual, or gay individuals (LBGs) have an increased risk for mental health problems compared to heterosexuals, but this association has sparsely been investigated for psychotic disorders. The aim of this study was: (1) to examine whether LBG sexual orientation is more prevalent in individuals with a non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD) than in people without a psychotic disorder; and if so, (2) to explore possible mediating pathways.MethodsSexual orientation was assessed in the 6-year follow-up assessment of the Dutch Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis study (GROUP), a case–control study with 1547 participants (582 patients with psychotic disorder, 604 siblings, and 361 controls). Binary logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the risk of patients with a psychotic disorder being LBG, compared to siblings and controls. Perceived discrimination, history of bullying, childhood trauma (CT), and sexual identity disclosure were investigated as potential mediating variables.ResultsThe proportion of individuals with LBG orientation was 6.8% in patients (n = 40), 4.3% in siblings (n = 26), and 2.5% in controls (n = 10). The age- and gender-adjusted odds ratio of LBG for patients was 1.57 (95% CI 1.08–2.27; p = 0.019), compared to siblings and controls. Discrimination, bullying, and CT all partially mediated this association.ConclusionsAdverse social experiences related to sexual minority status may increase the risk for NAPD. Sexual identity, behavior, and difficulties need more attention in everyday clinical practice.
Neurocognitive heterogeneity in patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives: associations with emotional cognition
Authors: Kjærstad Hanne Lie , Eikeseth Fillip Ferreira , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars Vedel , Miskowiak Kamilla 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence suggests that neurocognitive impairments in remitted patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are heterogeneous. Our study aims to replicate recent findings of neurocognitive subgroups, and further explore whether these are related to impairments in affective cognition, in a large sample of remitted patients recently diagnosed with BD and their unaffected relatives compared to healthy controls (HCs).MethodsHierarchal cluster analysis was conducted using neurocognitive data from remitted patients with BD (n = 158). Relatives of patients with BD (n = 52) were categorised into groups consistent with their affected relative's cluster assignment. The neurocognitive clusters of patients with BD and relatives, respectively, were compared with HCs (n = 110) in neurocognition and affective cognition (i.e. emotion processing and regulation).ResultsThree discrete neurocognitive clusters were identified in patients with BD: a globally impaired (23.4%), a selectively impaired (31.0%) and a cognitively intact cluster (45.6%). The neurocognitive subgroups differed in affective cognition, with patients categorised as globally impaired exhibited most impairments in facial expression recognition and emotion regulation in social scenarios. First-degree relatives of cognitively impaired patients displayed impaired facial expression recognition but no impairments in non-emotional cognition.ConclusionsIn a clinical sample of remitted patients recently diagnosed with BD 54.4% had either global or selective cognitive impairment, replicating results of previous studies in patients with longer illness duration. The results suggest that patterns of neurocognition are associated with differential impairments in affective cognition. Aberrant affective cognition in relatives of patients categorised as neurocognitively impaired indicates an inherited risk for BD.
Fearlessness and low social affiliation as unique developmental precursors of callous-unemotional behaviors in preschoolers
Authors: Waller Rebecca , Wagner Nicholas J. , Flom Megan , Ganiban Jody , Saudino Kimberly J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly callous-unemotional (CU) behaviors identify children at risk for severe and persistent aggression and antisocial behavior. Recent work suggests that fearlessness and low social affiliation are implicated in the etiology of CU behaviors, although more research is needed to clarify these etiological pathways, as well as the role of parenting.MethodUsing a sample of preschoolers (N = 620), we examined pathways between observed fear in response to social and non-social stimuli and observed social affiliation during social interactions at age 3 and increases child CU behaviors and oppositional-defiant behaviors from ages 3 to 5. To elucidate the role of parenting in exacerbating or buffering the relationships between low fear and social affiliation and CU behaviors, we tested whether parental harshness or low warmth moderated these pathways.ResultsFearlessness and low social affiliation uniquely predicted increases in CU behaviors, but not oppositional-defiant behaviors, from ages 3 to 5. Moreover, there was evidence for differential moderation of the fear pathway by harsh parenting, such that harsh parenting predicted increases in CU behaviors in fearless children but increases in oppositional-defiant behaviors in fearful children.ConclusionsFearlessness and low social affiliation contribute to the development of CU behaviors. Harsh parenting can exacerbate the risky fearlessness pathway. Preventative interventions aimed at reducing risk for CU behaviors and persistent aggression and antisocial behavior should target socioaffiliative processes and provide parents with strategies and training to manage and scaffold rule-compliant behavior when children show low fearful arousal.
Pathological Worry in Portugal: The Portuguese Version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ)
Authors: Jiménez-Ros Antonia María , Carmona-Márquez José , Pascual Luís Miguel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWorry is a common phenomenon with people who anticipate and want to be prepared for future events. Pathological worry, however, is not limited to anticipating potentially dangerous events, but it is applied to small daily events, too. This kind of worry is perceived as uncontrollable, and it is strongly associated with catastrophism. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) was developed to assess pathological worry. Despite its excellent psychometric characteristics, its internal structure is still controversial. The combination of regular and reversed items and certain methodological considerations may account for the discrepancies in the results of previous investigations. With the aim to analyze worry in Portugal and the psychometric properties of the PSWQ, for the present study, methodological options were considered in order to minimize previous problems. A sample of 558 Portuguese community participants took part in this study. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed with two independent random subsamples. The results showed the unidimensionality of PSWQ and the psychometric adequacy of both the full, 16-item version and a reduced, 11-item version (without reversed scored items). Normative data are presented, the suitability of both versions is discussed, and the authors conclude by encouraging the use of the reduced, 11-item version of the PSWQ in applied settings.
Evaluation of weed control in acetyl coA carboxylase-resistant rice with mixtures of quizalofop and auxinic herbicides
Authors: Sanders Tameka L. , Bond Jason A. , Lawrence Benjamin H. , Golden Bobby R. , Allen Thomas W. , Bararpour Taghi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRice with enhanced tolerance to herbicides that inhibit acetyl coA carboxylase (ACCase) allows POST application of quizalofop, an ACCase-inhibiting herbicide. Two concurrent field studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 near Stoneville, MS, to evaluate control of grass (Grass Study) and broadleaf (Broadleaf Study) weeds with sequential applications of quizalofop alone and in mixtures with auxinic herbicides applied in the first or second application. Sequential treatments of quizalofop were applied at 119 g ai ha−1 alone and in mixtures with labeled rates of auxinic herbicides to rice at the two- to three-leaf (EPOST) or four-leaf to one-tiller (LPOST) growth stages. In the Grass Study, no differences in rice injury or control of volunteer rice (‘CL151’ and ‘Rex’) were detected 14 and 28 d after last application (DA-LPOST). Barnyardgrass control at 14 and 28 DA-LPOST with quizalofop applied alone or with auxinic herbicides EPOST was ≥93% for all auxinic herbicide treatments except penoxsulam plus triclopyr. Barnyardgrass control was ≥96% with quizalofop applied alone and with auxinic herbicides LPOST. In the Broadleaf Study, quizalofop plus florpyrauxifen-benzyl controlled more Palmer amaranth 14 DA-LPOST than other mixtures with auxinic herbicides, and control with this treatment was greater EPOST compared with LPOST. Hemp sesbania control 14 DA-LPOST was ≤90% with quizalofop plus quinclorac LPOST, orthosulfamuron plus quinclorac LPOST, and triclopyr EPOST or LPOST. All mixtures except quinclorac and orthosulfamuron plus quinclorac LPOST controlled ivyleaf morningglory ≥91% 14 DA-LPOST. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl or triclopyr were required for volunteer soybean control >63% 14 DA-LPOST. To optimize barnyardgrass control and rice yield, penoxsulam plus triclopyr and orthosulfamuron plus quinclorac should not be mixed with quizalofop. Quizalofop mixtures with auxinic herbicides are safe and effective for controlling barnyardgrass, volunteer rice, and broadleaf weeds in ACCase-resistant rice, and the choice of herbicide mixture could be adjusted based on weed spectrum in the treated field.
A Multiion, Flux‐Corrected Transport Based Hydrodynamic Model for the Plasmasphere Refilling Problem
Authors: Chatterjee K. , Schunk R. W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe objective of this paper is the application of a newly developed flux‐corrected transport based hydrodynamic solution methodology to the plasmasphere refilling problem following a geomagnetic storm. The flux‐corrected transport method is extremely well‐suited to the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations with shocks and discontinuities. In this solution methodology, every ion species is modeled as two separate fluids originating from the northern and southern hemispheres. We present refilling results that include three ion (H+, He+, and O+) species and two neutrals (H and O). We believe that with additional modifications, the model can be adapted to the solution of other ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling problems.
Evolution of Pitch Angle‐Distributed Megaelectron Volt Electrons During Each Phase of the Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Pandya Megha , Bhaskara Veenadhari , Ebihara Yusuke , Kanekal Shrikanth G. , Baker Daniel N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope measurements onboard Van Allen Probes, the evolution of electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) during the different phases of magnetic storms is studied. Electron fluxes are sorted in terms of storm phase,
value, energy, and magnetic local time (MLT) sectors for 55 magnetic storms from October 2012 through May 2017. To understand the potential mechanisms for the evolution of electron PADs, we fit PADs to a sinusoidal function
, where
is the equatorial pitch angle and n is a real number. The major inferences from our study are (i) at L
5, the prestorm electron PADs are nearly isotropic (n
0), which evolves differently in different MLT sectors during the main phase subsequently recovering back to nearly isotropic distribution type during the storm recovery phase; (ii) for

3.4 MeV, the main phase electron PADs become more pancake like on the dayside with high n values (>3), while it becomes more flattop to butterfly like on the nightside, (iii) at L = 5, magnetic field strength during the storm main phase enhances during the daytime and decreases during the nighttime. (iv) Conversely, at L
3, the electron PADs neither respond significantly to the different phase of the magnetic storm nor reflect any MLT dependence. (v) Main phase, electron fluxes with
<4.2 MeV shows a persistent 90° maximum PAD with n ranging between 0 and 2, while for

4.2 MeV the distribution appears flattop and butterfly like. Our study shows that the relativistic electron PADs depend upon the geomagnetic storm phase and possible underlying mechanisms are discussed in this paper.
Shear Velocity Inversion Using Multimodal Dispersion Curves From Ambient Seismic Noise Data of USArray Transportable Array
Authors: Wu Gao‐xiong , Pan Lei , Wang Jian‐nan , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe utilize an array method called the frequency‐Bessel transformation method to extract the multimodal dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves from ambient seismic noise data recorded by the USArray Transportable Array. We observe as many as five overtones' dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves in the Midwestern United States, and four and three overtones' dispersion curves, respectively, in the U.S. Great Plain area and Northeastern United States. We employ a quasi‐Newton method to invert the multimodal dispersion curves for the shear velocity. We find that the sensitivity of overtones to deeper structures is higher than that of fundamental mode in the same frequency range. The utilization of overtones significantly improved the non‐uniqueness and convergence of the inversions, which make the final inversion results robust and reliable. Our inversion results for S wave velocity (Vs) model in the studied areas exhibit some differences compared with Shen and Ritzwoller's model (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB012887). The Vs falls abruptly in the lower crust (21–33 km) in the U.S. Great Plain area and Northeastern U.S. areas. A high‐velocity zone is observable in depth of 50–60 km in the U.S. Great Plain area and Midwestern United States, and all three models show larger Vs values below 50 km than those of Shen and Ritzwoller (2016).