bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Flow‐Ecology Relationships Using Distributed Lag Nonlinear Models: Large Floods in the Murray River Could Have Delayed Effects on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Lasting More Than Three Decades
Authors: Le Chi T. U. , Paul Warren L. , Gawne Ben , Suter Phillip J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe aimed to quantify the delayed effects of flows on aquatic ecosystems using 33 years of monitoring data on macroinvertebrates and water quality and 51 years of hydrological data, spanning 2,300 km of the Murray River, Australia. By incorporating the delayed effects of hydrological indices, along with physicochemical variables, into generalized additive models to form distributed lag nonlinear models for macroinvertebrate richness and abundance, we found that the effects of floods on macroinvertebrates could last up to 32 years, depending on their magnitude. The models indicated that a large flood can cause an initial depression in macroinvertebrate abundance and richness, followed by a sustained increase persisting for over 25 years before returning to preflood levels. Twelve hydrological indices representing the magnitude of flow events were evaluated, with the q90/med (the 6‐monthly flow exceeded 10% of time, divided by the long‐term median) performing (slightly) better than other indices. Competing hypotheses for the mechanisms underlying the apparent long‐term effect of floods were considered, with the most plausible explanation being the flood‐mediated influx of allochthonous organic matter, especially coarse and large woody debris, that might drive the persistent change in the aquatic community. It is generally believed that macroinvertebrate communities recover quickly after floods, but our findings suggest that we may need to reconceptualize the effects that floods can have on aquatic macroinvertebrates and the communities they support, especially in the context of flow restoration and climate change.
Comparisons Between Tethyan Anorthosite‐Bearing Ophiolites and Archean Anorthosite‐Bearing Layered Intrusions: Implications for Archean Geodynamic Processes
Authors: Sotiriou Paul , Polat Ali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElucidating the petrogenesis and geodynamic setting(s) of anorthosites in Archean layered intrusions and Tethyan ophiolites has significant implications for crustal evolution and growth throughout Earth history. Archean anorthosite‐bearing layered intrusions occur on every continent. Tethyan ophiolites occur in Europe, Africa, and Asia. In this contribution, the field, petrographic, petrological, and geochemical characteristics of 100 Tethyan anorthosite‐bearing ophiolites and 155 Archean anorthosite‐bearing layered intrusions are compared. Tethyan anorthosite‐bearing ophiolites range from Devonian to Paleocene in age are variably composite, contain anorthosites with highly calcic (An44–100) plagioclase and magmatic amphibole. These ophiolites formed predominantly at convergent plate margins, with some forming in mid‐ocean ridge, continental rift, and mantle plume settings. The predominantly convergent plate margin tectonic setting of Tethyan anorthosite‐bearing ophiolites is indicated by negative Nb and Ti anomalies and magmatic amphibole. Archean anorthosite‐bearing layered intrusions are Eoarchean to Neoarchean in age, have megacrystic anorthosites with highly calcic (An20–100) plagioclase and magmatic amphibole, and are interlayered with gabbros and leucogabbros and intrude pillow basalts. These Archean layered intrusions are interpreted to have predominantly formed at convergent plate margins, with the remainder forming in mantle plume, continental rift, oceanic plateau, postorogenic, anorogenic, mid‐ocean ridge, and passive continental margin settings. These layered intrusions predominantly crystallized from hydrous Ca‐ and Al‐rich tholeiitic magmas. The field, petrographic, and geochemical similarities between Archean and Tethyan anorthosites indicate that they were produced by similar geodynamic processes mainly in suprasubduction zone settings. We suggest that Archean anorthosite‐bearing layered intrusions and spatially associated greenstone belts represent dismembered subduction‐related Archean ophiolites.
A Semianalytical Interface Model of Soil Freeze/Thaw and Permafrost Evolution
Authors: Devoie Élise G. , Craig James R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA physically based one‐dimensional sharp‐interface model of active layer evolution and permafrost thaw is presented. This computationally efficient, semianalytical, nonequilibrium solution to soil freeze‐thaw problems in partially saturated media is proposed as a component of hydrological models to describe seasonal ground ice, active layer evolution, and changes in permafrost temperature and extent. The model is developed and validated against the analytical Stefan solution and a finite volume coupled heat and mass transfer model of freeze‐thaw in unsaturated porous media. Unlike analytic models, the interface model provides a nonequilibrium solution to the heat equation while permitting a wide range of temporally variable boundary conditions and supporting the simulation of multiple interfaces between frozen and unfrozen soils. The model is implemented for use in discontinuous permafrost peatlands where soil properties are highly dependent on soil ice content and infiltration capacity is high. It is demonstrated that the model is suitable for the representation of variably saturated active layer and permafrost evolution in cases both with and without a talik.
Transparent inorganic multicolour displays enabled by zinc-based electrochromic devices
Authors: Zhang Wu , Li Haizeng , Yu William W. , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectrochromic displays have been the subject of extensive research as a promising colour display technology. The current state-of-the-art inorganic multicolour electrochromic displays utilize nanocavity structures that sacrifice transparency and thus limit their diverse applications. Herein, we demonstrate a transparent inorganic multicolour display platform based on Zn-based electrochromic devices. These devices enable independent operation of top and bottom electrochromic electrodes, thus providing additional configuration flexibility of the devices through the utilization of dual electrochromic layers under the same or different colour states. Zn–sodium vanadium oxide (Zn–SVO) electrochromic displays were assembled by sandwiching Zn between two SVO electrodes, and they could be reversibly switched between multiple colours (orange, amber, yellow, brown, chartreuse and green) while preserving a high optical transparency. These Zn–SVO electrochromic displays represent the most colourful transparent inorganic-based electrochromic displays to date. In addition, the Zn–SVO electrochromic displays possess an open-circuit potential (OCP) of 1.56 V, which enables a self-colouration behaviour and compelling energy retrieval functionality. This study presents a new concept integrating high transparency and high energy efficiency for inorganic multicolour displays.
Targeted inhibition of endothelial calpain delays wound healing by reducing inflammation and angiogenesis
Authors: Yi Chenlong , Wu Weihua , Zheng Dong , Peng Guangying , Huang Haoyue , Shen Zhenya , Teng Xiaomei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWound healing is a multistep phenomenon that relies on complex interactions between various cell types. Calpains are a well-known family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that regulate several processes, including cellular adhesion, proliferation, and migration, as well as inflammation and angiogenesis. CAPNS1, the common regulatory subunit of Calpain-1 and 2, is indispensable for catalytic subunit stabilization and activity. Calpain inhibition has been shown to reduce organ damage in various disease models. Here, we report that endothelial calpain-1/2 is crucially involved in skin wound healing. Using a mouse genetic model where Capns1 is deleted only in endothelial cells, we showed that calpain-1/2 disruption is associated with reduced injury-activated inflammation, reduced CD31+ blood vessel density, and delayed wound healing. Moreover, in cultured HUVECs, inhibition of calpain reduced TNF-α-induced proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Deletion of Capns1 was associated with elevated levels of IκB and downregulation of β-catenin expression in endothelial cells. These observations delineate a novel mechanistic role for calpain in the crosstalk between inflammation and angiogenesis during skin repair.
Development and validation of prognostic index based on autophagy-related genes in patient with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Feng Hao , Zhong Linna , Yang Xiangjun , Wan Qianbing , Pei Xibo , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, accounting for almost 50% of all malignancies in developing nations. Autophagy plays a vital role in cancer initiation, malignant progression, and resistance to treatment. However, autophagy-related gene sets have rarely been analyzed in HNSCC. Hence, it is necessary to assess its clinical and pathological significance in a larger cohort of patients with HNSCC. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel autophagy-related prognostic marker for HNSCC. We screened 232 autophagy-related genes (ARGs) and identified 38 differentially expressed ARGs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts. The prognosis-related ARGs signature, established using the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional regression models, consists of 10 ARGs that could divide patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. Survival analysis indicated that patients in the high-risk group had dramatically shorter overall survival compared with their low-risk counterparts. Cox regression analysis further confirmed the independent prognostic value of the autophagy-related signature, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the combined prognostic model was 0.722. Finally, the efficacy of autophagy-related signature was also validated by an independent cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Collectively, we successfully constructed a novel autophagy-related signature for the prediction of prognosis in patients with HNSCC.
PRDM15 is a key regulator of metabolism critical to sustain B-cell lymphomagenesis
Authors: Mzoughi Slim , Fong Jia Yi , Papadopoli David , Koh Cheryl M. , Hulea Laura , Pigini Paolo , Di Tullio Federico , Andreacchio Giuseppe , Hoppe Michal Marek , Wollmann Heike , Low Diana , Caldez Matias J. , Peng Yanfen , Torre Denis , Zhao Julia N. , Uchenunu Oro , Varano Gabriele , Motofeanu Corina-Mihaela , Lakshmanan Manikandan , Teo Shun Xie , Wun Cheng Mun , Perini Giovanni , Tan Soo Yong , Ong Chee Bing , Al-Haddawi Muthafar , Rajarethinam Ravisankar , Hue Susan Swee-Shan , Lim Soon Thye , Ong Choon Kiat , Huang Dachuan , Ng Siok-Bian , Bernstein Emily , Hasson Dan , Wee Keng Boon , Kaldis Philipp , Jeyasekharan Anand , Dominguez-sola David , Topisirovic Ivan , Guccione Ernesto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPRDM (PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain containing) family members are sequence-specific transcriptional regulators involved in cell identity and fate determination, often dysregulated in cancer. The PRDM15 gene is of particular interest, given its low expression in adult tissues and its overexpression in B-cell lymphomas. Despite its well characterized role in stem cell biology and during early development, the role of PRDM15 in cancer remains obscure. Herein, we demonstrate that while PRDM15 is largely dispensable for mouse adult somatic cell homeostasis in vivo, it plays a critical role in B-cell lymphomagenesis. Mechanistically, PRDM15 regulates a transcriptional program that sustains the activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and glycolysis in B-cell lymphomas. Abrogation of PRDM15 induces a metabolic crisis and selective death of lymphoma cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that PRDM15 fuels the metabolic requirement of B-cell lymphomas and validate it as an attractive and previously unrecognized target in oncology.
E2F-dependent transcription determines replication capacity and S phase length
Authors: Pennycook Betheney R. , Vesela Eva , Peripolli Silvia , Singh Tanya , Barr Alexis R. , Bertoli Cosetta , de Bruin Robertus A. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDNA replication timing is tightly regulated during S-phase. S-phase length is determined by DNA synthesis rate, which depends on the number of active replication forks and their velocity. Here, we show that E2F-dependent transcription, through E2F6, determines the replication capacity of a cell, defined as the maximal amount of DNA a cell can synthesise per unit time during S-phase. Increasing or decreasing E2F-dependent transcription during S-phase increases or decreases replication capacity, and thereby replication rates, thus shortening or lengthening S-phase, respectively. The changes in replication rate occur mainly through changes in fork speed without affecting the number of active forks. An increase in fork speed does not induce replication stress directly, but increases DNA damage over time causing cell cycle arrest. Thus, E2F-dependent transcription determines the DNA replication capacity of a cell, which affects the replication rate, controlling the time it takes to duplicate the genome and complete S-phase.
A perceptual scaling approach to eyewitness identification
Authors: Gepshtein Sergei , Wang Yurong , He Fangchao , Diep Dinh , Albright Thomas D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEyewitness misidentification accounts for 70% of verified erroneous convictions. To address this alarming phenomenon, research has focused on factors that influence likelihood of correct identification, such as the manner in which a lineup is conducted. Traditional lineups rely on overt eyewitness responses that confound two covert factors: strength of recognition memory and the criterion for deciding what memory strength is sufficient for identification. Here we describe a lineup that permits estimation of memory strength independent of decision criterion. Our procedure employs powerful techniques developed in studies of perception and memory: perceptual scaling and signal detection analysis. Using these tools, we scale memory strengths elicited by lineup faces, and quantify performance of a binary classifier tasked with distinguishing perpetrator from innocent suspect. This approach reveals structure of memory inaccessible using traditional lineups and renders accurate identifications uninfluenced by decision bias. The approach furthermore yields a quantitative index of individual eyewitness performance.
HIV-1 replication complexes accumulate in nuclear speckles and integrate into speckle-associated genomic domains
Authors: Francis Ashwanth C. , Marin Mariana , Singh Parmit K. , Achuthan Vasudevan , Prellberg Mathew J. , Palermino-Rowland Kristina , Lan Shuiyun , Tedbury Philip R. , Sarafianos Stefan G. , Engelman Alan N. , Melikyan Gregory B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe early steps of HIV-1 infection, such as uncoating, reverse transcription, nuclear import, and transport to integration sites are incompletely understood. Here, we imaged nuclear entry and transport of HIV-1 replication complexes in cell lines, primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and CD4+ T cells. We show that viral replication complexes traffic to and accumulate within nuclear speckles and that these steps precede the completion of viral DNA synthesis. HIV-1 transport to nuclear speckles is dependent on the interaction of the capsid proteins with host cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 6 (CPSF6), which is also required to stabilize the association of the viral replication complexes with nuclear speckles. Importantly, integration site analyses reveal a strong preference for HIV-1 to integrate into speckle-associated genomic domains. Collectively, our results demonstrate that nuclear speckles provide an architectural basis for nuclear homing of HIV-1 replication complexes and subsequent integration into associated genomic loci.
SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray for global profiling of COVID-19 specific IgG and IgM responses
Authors: Jiang He-wei , Li Yang , Zhang Hai-nan , Wang Wei , Yang Xiao , Qi Huan , Li Hua , Men Dong , Zhou Jie , Tao Sheng-ce 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe still know very little about how the human immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2. Here we construct a SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray containing 18 out of the 28 predicted proteins and apply it to the characterization of the IgG and IgM antibodies responses in the sera from 29 convalescent patients. We find that all these patients had IgG and IgM antibodies that specifically bind SARS-CoV-2 proteins, particularly the N protein and S1 protein. Besides these proteins, significant antibody responses to ORF9b and NSP5 are also identified. We show that the S1 specific IgG signal positively correlates with age and the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and negatively correlates with lymphocyte percentage. Overall, this study presents a systemic view of the SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgM responses and provides insights to aid the development of effective diagnostic, therapeutic and vaccination strategies.
A cohort study of medication adherence among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Egypt
Authors: Joël Ladner  , El Badrawy Mahinour , Nofal Anas , Saba Joseph , Audureau Etienne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the most common chronic respiratory disease, is expected to become the third leading cause of death worldwide in 2020. A prospective cohort study conducted in 2017 and 2018 aimed to identify factors associated with inhaler treatment adherence in patients with COPD in Cairo (Egypt). Physicians collected data regarding patient deaths, treatment-related adverse events, and patients’ social support (no support, patient, support by spouse, children, and siblings) from their patients with COPD. The reason for treatment discontinuation was categorized as per patient decision or per physician decision. Adherence was categorized as treatment continued or treatment stopped. Patients who decided to stop treatment were considered non-adherent to COPD therapy. A total of 1311 patients as well as 98 physicians and 205 pharmacists were included. Pharmacists and social support (spouse, children/siblings) were identified as key positive factors in patients’ decisions to adhere to their prescribed COPD treatment regimens. A total of 631 patients (48.1%) stopped the treatment, including 170 (27.0%) due to patient decision and 55 (8.7%) deceased. After Cox model analysis, a low number of patients (6–19) attended by the pharmacist was a significant predictive factor (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.91, p = 0.03) for deciding to stop treatment. A wife or husband (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.72–1.02, p = 0.07) as well as children or brother/sister (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.57–1.04, p = 0.08) provided a positive effect for continued treatment. Pharmacists are well positioned to play a role as an essential public health resource that can help improve adherence as well as social support that should be considered as an important component to improve adherence to long-term therapy in COPD as well as other chronic non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries.
Linear response of a superfluid Fermi gas inside its pair-breaking continuum
Authors: Kurkjian H. , Tempere J. , Klimin S. N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the signatures of the collective modes of a superfluid Fermi gas in its linear response functions for the order-parameter and density fluctuations in the Random Phase Approximation (RPA). We show that a resonance associated to the Popov-Andrianov (or sometimes “Higgs”) mode is visible inside the pair-breaking continuum at all values of the wavevector q, not only in the (order-parameter) modulus-modulus response function but also in the modulus-density and density-density responses. At nonzero temperature, the resonance survives in the presence of thermally broken pairs even until the vicinity of the critical temperature Tc, and coexists with both the Anderson-Bogoliubov modes at temperatures comparable to the gap Δ and with the low-velocity phononic mode predicted by RPA near Tc. The existence of a Popov-Andrianov-“Higgs” resonance is thus a robust, generic feature of the high-energy phenomenology of pair-condensed Fermi gases, and should be accessible to state-of-the-art cold atom experiments.
Axial loading and posture cues in contraction of transversus abdominis and multifidus with exercise
Authors: Owen Patrick J. , Rantalainen Timo , Scheuring Richard A. , Belavy Daniel L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAstronauts are at increased risk of spine injury. With a view to developing training approaches for the muscles of the spine in microgravity, this study examined the effects of axial loading and postural cues on the contraction of transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus in supine lying using a novel exercise device (GravityFit). Thirty (18 males and 12 females) endurance-trained runners without a history of spinal pain aged 33–55 years were recruited. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed under one rest and five exercise conditions, which involved variations in axial loading and postural cues. Whole volume of the abdominal and lumbar paraspinal muscles was imaged and transversus abdominis thickness and length and multifidus anteroposterior and mediolateral thickness measured. Transversus abdominis contraction was greatest in the ‘stretch tall plus arm extension’ (length, − 15%, P < 0.001; thickness, + 19%, P < 0.001) and ‘stretch tall plus arm extension and thoracic cue’ (length, − 16%, P < 0.001; thickness, + 18%, P < 0.001) conditions. The contraction of multifidus was the greatest in the ‘arm extension and thoracic cue’ (anteroposterior, + 3.0%, P = 0.001; mediolateral, − 4.2%, P < 0.001) and ‘stretch tall plus arm extension and thoracic cue’ (anteroposterior, + 6.0%, P < 0.001; mediolateral, − 2.1%, P = 0.022) conditions. This study provides proof-of-principle for an exercise approach that may be used to facilitate the automatically contraction of the transversus abdominis and multifidus muscles. Axial loading of the body, with or without arm loading, most consistently led to contraction of the transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus muscles, and regional differences existed in the contraction within the muscles.
Acute stress improves the effectivity of cognitive emotion regulation in men
Authors: Langer Katja , Hagedorn Bianca , Stock Lisa-Marie , Otto Tobias , Wolf Oliver T. , Jentsch Valerie L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmotion regulation is crucial for coping with stressors but in turn can also be influenced by stress. Initial studies provided mixed evidence showing either beneficial or impairing stress effects on cognitive emotion regulation depending on stress timing, sex or the regulatory strategy. Here, we investigated the impact of acute stress on different emotion regulation strategies in men and women. N = 118 healthy participants were subjected to the Trier Social Stress Test or a control condition after which they completed an emotion regulation paradigm, requiring them to regulate their emotions in response to negative pictures using reappraisal or distraction. Cortisol levels were repeatedly measured to quantify changes in HPA axis activity. Affective ratings and pupil dilation served to measure emotion regulation success and the cognitive effort to regulate emotions. Stress reduced arousal and increased valence and success ratings for reappraisal in men, whereas no significant stress effects were found in women. Moreover, stressed men displayed a significant expansion of pupil diameter during reappraisal suggesting enhanced cognitive regulatory engagement, which ultimately may have led to better emotion regulation outcomes. Cortisol secretion positively correlated with subjective reappraisal success in men, suggesting a glucocorticoid-driven mechanism that may promote emotion regulatory performance in the aftermath of stress.