bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro efficacy of ganciclovir against feline herpesvirus type 1 and assessment of ocular tolerability in healthy cats
Authors: Lewin Andrew C , Liu Chin-Chi , Alling Christopher , Camacho-Luna Pilar , Miessler Bruna , Carter Renee T 
Published: August 2020

Objectives Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) is a prevalent cause of ocular disease in cats and limited topical options for treatment currently exist. The first objective of this study was to confirm the efficacy of ganciclovir against FHV-1 in vitro. The second objective was to assess the safety and ocular tolerability of topically applied ganciclovir eye gel (GEG) in healthy cats. Methods FHV-1 was used to infect tissue culture wells covered in maximally confluent Crandall–Rees feline kidney cells prior to the addition of three molarities of ganciclovir (8.9 µM, 17.8 µM and 89 µM) before being incubated for 48 h. Ganciclovir efficacy in vitro was then assessed using standard plaque reduction assay. Commercially available GEG (0.15%) was applied q8h to one randomly chosen eye of four healthy cats for 7 days. Commercially available lubricating eye gel (LEG) was applied to the opposite eye q8h. Complete blood counts (CBCs), blood chemistry panels (CHEM) and urinalysis (UA) were performed on all cats before and after the study period. Ocular lesions were assessed daily using a standardized scheme. Results Ganciclovir led to a significant reduction in FHV-1 plaque number, area and diameter at all tested molarities in vitro. The highest molarity assessed (89 µM) caused a 100% reduction in viral plaque number. There was no significant difference in ocular lesion scores between eyes receiving GEG and LEG. Animals remained healthy throughout the study period with CBC, CHEM and UA showing no clinically significant alterations. Conclusions and relevance Based on the in vitro results, ganciclovir appears to be effective against FHV-1 in vitro. When applied q8h as a commercial 0.15% gel to a small group of cats with normal eyes, this medication was well tolerated. Taken together, these data suggest this medication warrants further investigation in cats with ocular disease caused by FHV-1.
Preliminary application of 3D-printed individualised guiding templates for total hip arthroplasty in Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Tu Qiang , Ding Huan-wen , Chen Hu , Shen Jian-jian , Miao Qiu-ju , Liu Bao , Yu Guang-wen , Huang Xian-hua , Zhu Chang-rong , Tang Yong , Xia Hong , Xu Jian-zhong 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of three-dimensional (3D)-printed individualised guiding templates in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods: 12 hips in 12 patients with Crowe type IV DDH were treated with THA. A 3D digital model of the pelvis and lower limbs was reconstructed using the computed tomography data of the patients. Preoperative surgical simulations were performed to determine the most suitable surgical planning, including femoral osteotomy and prosthesis placement. Based on the ideal surgical planning, individualised guiding templates were designed by software, manufactured using a 3D printer, and used in acetabulum reconstruction and femoral osteotomy during surgery. Results: 12 patients were followed up for an average of 72.42 months (range 38–135 months). During surgery, the guiding template for each case was matched to the bony markers of the acetabulum and proximal femur. Preoperative and follow-up Harris Hip Scores were 34.2 ± 3.7 and 85.2 ± 4.2; leg-length discrepancy, 51.5 ± 6.5 mm and 10.2 ± 1.5 mm; and visual analogue scale scores, 6.2 ± 0.8 and 1.3 ± 0.3, respectively, with statistical difference. Shortened deformity and claudication of the affected limb were obviously improved after surgery. However, 1 patient had artificial hip dislocation 2 weeks after surgery, and another patient had sciatic nerve traction injury, both of whom recovered after physical treatment. Conclusions: Preoperative surgical simulation and 3D-printed individualised guiding templates can fulfil surgeon-specific requirements for the treatment of Crowe type IV DDH. Accurate THA can be achieved using 3D-printed individualised templates, which provide a new personalised surgical plan for the precise positioning and orientation of acetabular reconstruction and femoral osteotomy.
Anti-EGFR Therapy in Metastatic Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Dell’Aquila Emanuela , Zeppola Tea , Stellato Marco , Pantano Francesco , Scartozzi Mario , Madaudo Cristina , Pietrantonio Filippo , Cremolini Chiara , Aprile Giuseppe , Vincenzi Bruno , Moretto Roberto , Puzzoni Marco , Garattini Silvio Ken , Lobefaro Riccardo , Tonini Giuseppe , Santini Daniele 
Published: August 2020

Background: Due to the relative rarity of small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA), prospective trials, helping to guide therapeutic decisions, are lacking and the optimal therapy for advanced SBA is unknown. The role of targeted agents, such as anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is unknown. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective multicenter observational study that included patients with metastatic SBA treated with anti-EGFR antibodies (cetuximab or panitumumab) ± chemotherapy in the first (I) or second (II) line. Results: Thirteen patients with metastatic SBA, recruited from 5 Italian referral institutions, were included in the present retrospective analysis. All patients received anti-EGFR inhibitors as a single agent or in association with chemotherapy. More common G2 treatment–related side effects were skin reaction (8 patients, 53.8%), hypomagnesemia (6 patients, 46.2%), and diarrhea (8 patients, 61.5%). Grade 3 diarrhea was observed in only 1 patient. Conjunctivitis was not reported in any patients. Grade 4 toxicity was not reported. In the overall population, median progression-free survival was 5.526 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.684-12.467). Median overall survival was 15.86 months (95% CI: 14.43-24.30). Complete response was observed in 15% of patients, partial response in 39% of patients, stable disease in 23% of patients, and progression disease in 15% of patients. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, anti-EGFR inhibitors showed to be a suitable addendum to chemotherapy in the I and II line, with an excellent tolerance and safety profile both in I and II line.
Predictors of training-related improvement in visuomotor performance in patients with multiple sclerosis: A behavioural and MRI study
Authors: Lipp Ilona , Foster Catherine , Stickland Rachael , Sgarlata Eleonora , Tallantyre Emma C , Davidson Alison E , Robertson Neil P , Jones Derek K , Wise Richard G , Tomassini Valentina 
Published: August 2020

Background: The development of tailored recovery-oriented strategies in multiple sclerosis requires early identification of an individual’s potential for functional recovery. Objective: To identify predictors of visuomotor performance improvements, a proxy of functional recovery, using a predictive statistical model that combines demographic, clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Methods: Right-handed multiple sclerosis patients underwent baseline disability assessment and MRI of the brain structure, function and vascular health. They subsequently undertook 4 weeks of right upper limb visuomotor practice. Changes in performance with practice were our outcome measure. We identified predictors of improvement in a training set of patients using lasso regression; we calculated the best performing model in a validation set and applied this model to a test set. Results: Patients improved their visuomotor performance with practice. Younger age, better visuomotor abilities, less severe disease burden and concurrent use of preventive treatments predicted improvements. Neuroimaging localised outcome-relevant sensory motor regions, the microstructure and activity of which correlated with performance improvements. Conclusion: Initial characteristics, including age, disease duration, visuo-spatial abilities, hand dexterity, self-evaluated disease impact and the presence of disease-modifying treatments, can predict functional recovery in individual patients, potentially improving their clinical management and stratification in clinical trials. MRI is a correlate of outcome, potentially supporting individual prognosis.
The effect of digital sensory loss on hand dexterity
Authors: Luukinen Patrick , Leppänen Olli V. , Jokihaara Jarkko 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine how loss of sensation affect hand dexterity. In this study, digital nerve block anaesthesia was performed in different stages of timing for thumb, index and middle fingers of 12 volunteers. The Moberg pick-up test was conducted in the assessment of hand dexterity. Grip and pinch forces were also measured. Loss of thumb sensation had the greatest effect on dexterity, increasing average timing by at least 10.5 seconds (range 3.4 to 32.4). Loss of sensation to the index and middle fingers has a lesser impact, but decreased hand grip and chuck pinch forces (grip –25% or –33%, chuck pinch –31% or –32% depending on the timing of injections). We concluded that loss of thumb sensation has the greatest impact on hand dexterity. Index and middle finger sensory loss had less of an impact on hand dexterity but decreased grip and chuck pinch forces. Level of evidence: IV
Outcomes in Treatment of Rhinosinusitis in the Setting of Medication Induced Immunosuppression
Authors: Alapati Rahul , Nayak Jayakar V. , Hwang Peter H. , Patel Zara M. 
Published: August 2020

Background There is no data currently available to direct nuanced treatment for recurrent acute and chronic rhinosinusitis (RARS, CRS) in patients on daily, long term medications that suppress the immune system. Objective This study sought to evaluate the outcomes of different treatment pathways when treating immunosuppressed patients with chronic rhinosinusitis or recurrent acute rhinosinusitis. Methods A retrospective review of patients on immune suppressing medication presenting to a tertiary care center with RARS or CRS between the years 2014–2019 was completed. Patients were categorized into three groups based on treatment: medical management alone (MM), surgery after medical management (SAMM), or upfront surgery (US). Lund-Kennedy scores (LKS) and SNOT-22 scores were evaluated at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months from presentation. Results 68 patients met inclusion criteria, with no difference in demographics between groups. Patients who were treated with US and SAMM had significantly higher baseline LKS than those who were treated with MM alone (p = 0.050, p = 0.039). Once this difference was controlled for, there was no significant difference in overall change of LKS between the three groups over time. There was no significant disparity in baseline SNOT-22 scores between the three groups, but patients who underwent US had a significantly higher improvement in SNOT-22 from baseline compared to those undergoing MM alone (p = 0.013). Conclusion Patients experiencing chronic rhinosinusitis and recurrent acute rhinosinusitis who are taking immunosuppressive medication can significantly improve from both medical and surgical management, but upfront surgical management appears to result in greater disease resolution relative to medical management in those with CRS. More study is needed in the RARS patient population regarding upfront surgery versus medical management.
Posterior Sagging After Cephalomedullary Nailing for Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture is Associated with a Separation of the Greater Trochanter
Authors: Kim Keong-Hwan , Kang Michael Seungcheol , Lim Eic Ju , Park Mi Lan , Kim Jung Jae 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Cephalomedullary nailing presents several biomechanical benefits for treatment of intertrochanteric fractures, but posterior sagging (PS) of the proximal fragment occurs postoperatively in some patients despite intraoperative achievement of an adequate reduction. We investigated the risk factors for PS in those patients, with specific attention to posterior split fragment involving the greater trochanter (GT separation) as a possible significant risk factor. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 50 (12 males, 38 females) patients ≥50 years old at diagnosis of an intertrochanteric fracture after low-energy trauma who underwent cephalomedullary nailing between April 2015 and February 2017 and were not lost to follow-up within 12 months postoperatively. Results: Thirteen (26%) patients experienced PS postoperatively. Average time to bone union was significantly longer in the PS (9.5 months) than in the non-PS (4.8 months) groups ( P = .002). Three patients in the PS group experienced nonunion compared to none in the non-PS group ( P = .015). Significant difference was found in postoperative level of ambulatory ability (Koval score) and deterioration of the score after the injury between 2 groups (4.2 vs 2.8, P = .043 and 2.5 vs 0.8, P = .005). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, GT separation ( P = .010) was a significant risk factor for PS. Discussion and Conclusion: The presence of GT separation in cases of intertrochanteric fractures seems to weaken posterior stability in the proximal fragment, thus showing poor clinical outcomes.
Significance of Lumbar MRI in Diagnosis of Sacral Insufficiency Fracture
Authors: Graul Isabel , Vogt Sophia , Strube Patrick , Hölzl Alexander 
Published: August 2020

Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnostic algorithm of sacral insufficiency fractures (SIF). The primary objective was to compare the sensitivity in fracture detection and correct fracture classification according to MRI and computed tomography (CT). The secondary objective was to identify differences of additional pathologies found in MRI of the lumbar spine and the pelvis and their rates. Methods: A total of 943 patients (from 2010 to 2017) with fracture of the pelvic ring were screened. All patients without high-energy trauma and radiologic diagnostics consisting of X-ray, CT, and MRI of the pelvis or the lumbar spine including the sacrum were included. Differences in fracture detection and description in the various radiologic procedures were evaluated. Detection rates of additional pathologies in MRI of the pelvis and lumbar spine were recorded. Results: A total of 77 subjects were included. The sensitivities for SIF were 14% in X-ray and 88% in CT, and all fractures were detected in MRI. MRI showed a more complex fracture pattern compared with CT in 65% of the cases. Additional pathologies were seen in MRI of the lumbar spine (51%) and that of the pelvis (18%). Conclusions: We suggest performing MRI of the lumbar spine including the sacrum with coronal STIR (short tau inversion recovery) sequence for elderly patients with suddenly increasing low back pain at an early stage. This procedure might improve fracture detection, classification, and recognition of concomitant pathologies.
Strengthening (Re)integration from Child Sexual Exploitation: Children and Young People’s Recommendations
Authors: Bhattacharjee Lopa , Veitch Helen J. 
Published: August 2020

This article explores care leavers’ views and recommendations for practitioners and policymakers on the transition from leaving care to living independently in the community. Seven young adults fully reintegrated through programmes in Kathmandu, Nepal, co-produced action research with 21 of their peers (aged 16–26 years). This article outlines how children and young people affected by child sexual exploitation experience community reintegration, and their views on the key issues, reintegration services need to consider. Findings explored boys’ and girls’ experiences of stigma and discrimination by community members and revolved around social and cultural norms and narratives on masculinity and femininity that denied their victimhood. This article focuses on the theme of independence as it appears to reflect a changing context for reintegration practitioners in South Asia. Children and young people had not been reintegrated in their family; instead, they were living independently—a situation that can be described as ‘integration’ (with an urban community) rather than ‘reintegration’ (with their family of origin). Research participants’ exploration of ‘independence’ reflected this context and was defined as emotional or financial independence. The research appears to identify an adaptation to reintegration services to enable a smoother transition for care leavers. Most models of reintegration assume that children will ‘reintegrate’ with their families of origin. This research found that children sexually exploited in Kathmandu chose to ‘integrate’ into a new community to overcome isolation, exclusion and non-acceptance by their families and communities of origin and, in so doing, experienced emotional and financial independence. In this context, successful integration requires the provision of activities for parents that explain indicators of trauma so that they can appropriately support their children. In addition, support for care leavers targeted on psychosocial wellbeing, life-skills and income generation enables young people to live independently from their families and be ‘integrated’ into an urban community.
KSP: an integrated method for predicting catalyzing kinases of phosphorylation sites in proteins
Authors: Ma Hongli , Li Guojun , Su Zhengchang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundProtein phosphorylation by kinases plays crucial roles in various biological processes including signal transduction and tumorigenesis, thus a better understanding of protein phosphorylation events in cells is fundamental for studying protein functions and designing drugs to treat diseases caused by the malfunction of phosphorylation. Although a large number of phosphorylation sites in proteins have been identified using high-throughput phosphoproteomic technologies, their specific catalyzing kinases remain largely unknown. Therefore, computational methods are urgently needed to predict the kinases that catalyze the phosphorylation of these sites.ResultsWe developed KSP, a new algorithm for predicting catalyzing kinases for experimentally identified phosphorylation sites in human proteins. KSP constructs a network based on known protein-protein interactions and kinase-substrate relationships. Based on the network, it computes an affinity score between a phosphorylation site and kinases, and returns the top-ranked kinases of the score as candidate catalyzing kinases. When tested on known kinase-substrate pairs, KSP outperforms existing methods including NetworKIN, iGPS, and PKIS.ConclusionsWe developed a novel accurate tool for predicting catalyzing kinases of known phosphorylation sites. It can work as a complementary network approach for sequence-based phosphorylation site predictors.
A comparison of intraoperative goal-directed intravenous administration of crystalloid versus colloid solutions on the postoperative maximum N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide in patients undergoing moderate- to high-risk noncardiac surgery
Authors: Reiterer Christian , Kabon Barbara , Taschner Alexander , Zotti Oliver , Kurz Andrea , Fleischmann Edith 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and troponin T are released during myocardial wall stress and/or ischemia and are strong predictors for postoperative cardiovascular complications. However, the relative effects of goal-directed, intravenous administration of crystalloid compared to colloid solutions on NT-proBNP and troponin T, especially in relatively healthy patients undergoing moderate- to high-risk noncardiac surgery, remains unclear. Thus, we evaluated in this sub-study the effect of a goal-directed crystalloid versus a goal-directed colloid fluid regimen on postoperative maximum NT-proBNP concentration. We further evaluated the incidence of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) between both study groups.

Methods
Thirty patients were randomly assigned to receive additional intravenous fluid boluses of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and 30 patients to receive lactated Ringer’s solution. Intraoperative fluid management was guided by oesophageal Doppler-according to a previously published algorithm. The primary outcome were differences in postoperative maximum NT-proBNP (maxNT-proBNP) between both groups. As our secondary outcome we evaluated the incidence of MINS between both study groups. We defined maxNT-proBNP as the maximum value measured within 2 h after surgery and on the first and second postoperative day.

Results
In total 56 patients were analysed. There was no significant difference in postoperative maximum NT-proBNP between the colloid group (258.7 ng/L (IQR 199.4 to 782.1)) and the crystalloid group (440.3 ng/L (IQR 177.9 to 691.2)) during the first 2 postoperative days (P = 0.29). Five patients in the colloid group and 7 patients in the crystalloid group developed MINS (P = 0.75).

Conclusions
Based on this relatively small study goal-directed colloid administration did not decrease postoperative maxNT-proBNP concentration as compared to goal-directed crystalloid administration.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01195883) Registered on 6th September 2010.
Impact of the Ebola virus disease outbreak (2014–2016) on tuberculosis surveillance activities by Guinea’s National Tuberculosis Control Program: a time series analysis
Authors: Magassouba Aboubacar Sidiki , Diallo Boubacar Djelo , Camara Lansana Mady , Sow Kadiatou , Camara Souleymane , Bah Boubacar , Barry Alpha Oumar , Diallo Thierno Hassane , Camara Aboubacar , Bangoura Adama Marie , Sow Oumou Younoussa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Most countries in Subsaharan Africa have well-established National Tuberculosis Control Programs with relatively stable routine performances. However, major epidemiological events may result in significant disruptions. In March 2014, the World Health Organization announced the outbreak of Ebola virus disease in Guinea, a country with a high incidence of TB and HIV. Our study aimed to assess the impact of the Ebola virus disease outbreak on TB notification, treatment, and surveillance, using main indicators.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study that compared TB trends using surveillance data from the periods before (2011–2013), during (2014–2016), and after (2017–2018) Ebola virus disease outbreak. A time-series analysis was conducted to investigate the linkages between the decline in TB notification and the Ebola virus disease outbreak through cross-correlation. The lag in the cross-correlation test was evaluated using ANCOVA type II delayed variable dependent model. The surveillance system was assessed using TB surveillance standards and benchmarks and vital registration systems recommended by WHO, compared with those of 2015 during the Ebola virus disease.

Results
The rate of reporting of TB declined from 120 cases per 100,000 in 2011 to 100 cases per 100,000 in 2014, at the peak of the Ebola virus disease outbreak. The time-series cross-correlation test of all notified cases of TB and Ebola showed a significant lag of − 0.4 (40%), reflecting a drop in the rate of notification (F-value = 5.7 [95% CI: 0.2–21.3]). The Ebola virus disease had no negative impact on patient treatment outcomes (F-value = 1.3 [95% CI: 0.0–8.8]). Regarding the surveillance system, five out of 13 WHO standards and benchmarks were met following their evaluation in 2019, after the Ebola virus disease outbreak, compared to three in 2015.

Conclusion
Major epidemics such as the Ebola virus disease outbreak may have a significant impact on well-established TB control programs as shown in the example of Guinea. Sudden disruptions of routine performance may lead programs to improve their surveillance system. The experience acquired in the fight against EVD and the investments made should make it possible to prepare the health system in a coherent manner for the other probable episodes.