bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic rate and resource depletion in the tick Ixodes ricinus in response to temperature
Authors: Alasmari Saeed , Wall Richard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of temperature on the metabolic activity and the rate of depletion of energy reserves by Ixodes ricinus can represent an important contribution to explaining patterns of tick activity and the likely impacts of environmental change on tick and tick-borne disease risk. Here, a cohort of I. ricinus nymphs, males, and females was collected and placed into incubators at temperatures of between 5 and 30 °C. The protein, carbohydrate, total lipid, neutral lipid, and glycogen levels were measured for nymphs for up to 70 days and adults up to 42 days. In nymphs, at day 0, glycogen was the most abundant metabolite followed by carbohydrate, with relatively low concentrations of protein and lipids. For males, the concentrations of different metabolites were relatively similar. In contrast, for females, concentrations of glycogen and carbohydrate were relatively low compared to those of protein and neutral lipids. Significant exponential declines in metabolite concentrations of all metabolites were detected over time for all life-cycle stages and at all temperatures. Nymphs generally showed lower rates of resource depletion than adults at all temperatures. The lower thresholds for metabolic activity were estimated to be between −10 and −5 °C. The Q10 values, which describe the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate, were estimated to be relatively low (1.5 for nymphs, 1.71 for males, and 1.63 for females) compared to insects where they are typically around 2.5 (range: 1.5–3), and this is considered to be an adaptation to increase survival during the extended inter-feed intervals.
Proof-of-Concept Study: a Mobile Application to Derive Clinical Outcome Measures from Expression and Speech for Mental Health Status Evaluation
Authors: Siena Francesco Luke , Vernon Michael , Watts Paul , Byrom Bill , Crundall David , Breedon Philip 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis proof-of-concept study aimed to assess the ability of a mobile application and cloud analytics software solution to extract facial expression information from participant selfie videos. This is one component of a solution aimed at extracting possible health outcome measures based on expression, voice acoustics and speech sentiment from video diary data provided by patients. Forty healthy volunteers viewed 21 validated images from the International Affective Picture System database through a mobile app which simultaneously captured video footage of their face using the selfie camera. Images were intended to be associated with the following emotional responses: anger, disgust, sadness, contempt, fear, surprise and happiness. Both valence and arousal scores estimated from the video footage associated with each image were adequate predictors of the IAPS image scores (p < 0.001 and p = 0.04 respectively). 12.2% of images were categorised as containing a positive expression response in line with the target expression; with happiness and sadness responses providing the greatest frequency of responders: 41.0% and 21.4% respectively. 71.2% of images were associated with no change in expression. This proof-of-concept study provides early encouraging findings that changes in facial expression can be detected when they exist. Combined with voice acoustical measures and speech sentiment analysis, this may lead to novel measures of health status in patients using a video diary in indications including depression, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and PTSD amongst other conditions.
18F-FDG PET/CT of off-target lymphoid organs in CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Derlin Thorsten , Schultze-Florey Christian , Werner Rudolf A. , Möhn Nora , Skripuletz Thomas , David Sascha , Beutel Gernot , Eder Matthias , Ross Tobias L. , Bengel Frank M. , Ganser Arnold , Koenecke Christian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
The interplay between systemic inflammation, activity of lymphoid organs and lymphoma activity in CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell immunotherapy, and its significance for response and toxicity, is not well defined.

Methods
Using serial 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), metabolic parameters of lymphoma and lymphoid organs were analyzed in ten patients receiving Tisagenlecleucel (an autologous CD19 CAR-T cell product) for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The prevalence and severity of toxicity (e.g., neurotoxicity) were noted.

Results
Achieving remission required early metabolic response (P = 0.0476). Early suppression of metabolic activity of lymphoid organs (spleen, P = 0.0368; lymph nodes, P = 0.0470) was associated with poor outcome. Lymphoma metabolic activity was significantly higher in patients with neurotoxicity (P = 0.0489).

Conclusions
Early metabolic changes in lymphoma lesions and off-target lymphoid organs parallel medium-term response to CAR-T-cell therapy. PET can identify patients at risk for severe toxicity.
Layer entanglement in multiplex, temporal multiplex, and coupled multilayer networks
Authors: Škrlj Blaž , Renoust Benjamin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Complex networks, such as transportation networks, social networks, or biological networks, capture the complex system they model by often representing only one type of interactions. In real world systems, there may be many different aspects that connect entities together. These can be captured using multilayer networks, which combine different modalities of interactions in a single model. Coupling in multilayer networks may exhibit different properties which can be related to the very nature of the data they model (or to events in time-dependent data). We hypothesise that such properties may be reflected in the way layers are intertwined. In this paper, we investigated these through the prism of layer entanglement in coupled multilayer networks. We test over 30 real-life networks in 6 different disciplines (social, genetic, transport, co-authorship, trade, and neuronal networks). We further propose a random generator, displaying comparable patterns of elementary layer entanglement and transition coupling entanglement across 1,329,696 synthetic coupled multilayer networks. Our experiments demonstrate difference of layer entanglement across disciplines, and even suggest a link between entanglement intensity and homophily. We additionally study entanglement in 3 real world temporal datasets displaying a potential rise in entanglement activity prior to other network activity.
The Politics of Productivity: Differences in Exporting Firms Across Domestic Contexts
Authors: Roosevelt Megan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolitical economists have paid increasing attention to distinctions between exporting and nonexporting firms, particularly with regard to their preferences on trade policy liberalization. A multitude of past studies focusing on economically advanced democracies characterized exporters as a small, elite group of large and highly productive firms, but this profile of a prototypical exporter is not necessarily representative of the body of firms operating under different domestic contexts. Using current and methodologically consistent cross-national surveys of firms conducted by the World Bank, this paper re-evaluates the link between certain firm-level characteristics and firms’ propensity to export, taking into account how national-level political, economic, and geographic conditions affect these relationships. The pooled sample of firms from approximately 100 countries spanning different political regimes and levels of development confirms that, generally speaking, exporters are large, productive, and innovative. However, in less democratic and less developed settings, productivity and innovation do not appear to be a prerequisite to export orientation. When developing generalizable theories of firms’ participation in the policymaking process, we must therefore be careful not to treat export behavior as an unqualified predictor of pro-free-trade attitudes.
India Antimicrobial Stewardship and Resistance (INTEREST) 2018: A needs assessment survey
Authors: Shah Aditya , Vijayvargiya Prakhar , O’Horo John C. , Shah Varun , Shah Sanjiv , Dutt Taru , Bansal Vikas , Kashyap Rahul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance is a major problem in India with limited understanding of whether this issue is related to systems, prescriber characteristics, patient characteristics, or diagnostic technologies. In our survey, most of the issues lie in the easy availability of antimicrobials and the lack of electronic storage of medical and microbiological records.
Lattice Studies of Gerrymandering Strategies
Authors: Gatesman Kyle , Unwin James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new theoretical method for examining gerrymandering is presented based on lattice models of voters, in which districts are constructed by partitioning the lattice. We propose three novel algorithms for constructing equal-population, connected districts which favor the gerrymanderer and incorporate the spatial distribution of voters. Due to the probabilistic population fluctuations inherent to our voter models, Monte Carlo techniques can be applied to study the impact of gerrymandering. We use the method developed here to compare our different gerrymandering algorithms, show approaches which ignore spatial data lead to (legally prohibited) disconnected districts, and examine the effectiveness of isoperimetric quotient tests.
Umbilicaria orientalis– a new species ofUmbilicariasubg.Papillophorawith an East Asian distribution: morphological delimitation and molecular evidence
Authors: Davydov Evgeny A. , Yakovchenko Lidia S. , Urbanavichene Irina , Konoreva Liudmila , Chesnokov Sergey , Kharpukhaeva Tatiana , Obermayer Walter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUmbilicaria orientalisDavydov sp. nov. is described and phylogenetic analysis (ITS, mtLSU andRPB2) confirmed its distinctness and indicated a sister relationship withU. trabeculatawithin theU.velleagroup. The species is morphologically similar toU. velleabut differs by simple, cylindrical or strap-like rhizinomorphs and by thalloconidia, developing both on the lower surface and on rhizinomorphs, that are 1–2 (rarely 4)–celled or in aggregates of up to 5–6 cells.Umbilicaria orientalisis described from the Russian Far East and is currently known from a wide range of localities in East Asia, from the Far East to South Siberia and Mongolia in the north, to Hebei and Tibet in the south. New sequences ofU. americanawere obtained; the species represents an independent phylogenetic lineage withinUmbilicariasubg.Papillophora. Diagnostic traits and variability of different developmental stages ofU. orientalis, as well as its East Asian distribution pattern, are discussed.
A molecular study of the lichen genus Byssoloma Trevisan (Pilocarpaceae) with descriptions of three new species from China
Authors: Wang Wei-Cheng , van den Boom Pieter , Sangvichien Ek , Wei Jiang-Chun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA molecular phylogeny of the genus Byssoloma is inferred from mtSSU sequences using Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses. Byssoloma subdiscordans is resolved as sister to B. citricola rather than to the B. leucoblepharum clade, the B. subundulatum group (species with a compact apothecial margin) is shown to be a monophyletic group, and three species belonging to this group are described as new to science from Hainan Province in China: B. brunneodiscum W. C. Wang & J. C. Wei, with dark brown apothecia, crystals in the excipulum and the presence of 2,5,7-trichloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone; B. rubrofuscum W. C. Wang & J. C. Wei, with red-brown apothecia, 3–6-septate ascospores and the presence of 5,7-dichloro-3-O-methylnorlichexanthone; B. melanodiscocarpum W. C. Wang & J. C. Wei, with pure black apothecia, a K+ olive-black hypothecium and the presence of thiophanic acid.
MONARCHS, TRAVELLERS AND EMPIRE IN THE PACIFIC'S AGE OF REVOLUTIONS
Authors: Sivasundaram Sujit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Pacific has often been invisible in global histories written in the UK. Yet it has consistently been a site for contemplating the past and the future, even among Britons cast on its shores. In this lecture, I reconsider a critical moment of globalisation and empire, the ‘age of revolutions’ at the end of the eighteenth century and the start of the nineteenth century, by journeying with European voyagers to the Pacific Ocean. The lecture will point to what this age meant for Pacific islanders, in social, political and cultural terms. It works with a definition of the Pacific's age of revolutions as a surge of indigeneity met by a counter-revolutionary imperialism. What was involved in undertaking a European voyage changed in this era, even as one important expedition was interrupted by news from revolutionary Europe. Yet more fundamentally vocabularies and practices of monarchy were consolidated by islanders across the Pacific. This was followed by the outworkings of counter-revolutionary imperialism through agreements of alliance and alleged cessation. Such an argument allows me, for instance, to place the 1806 wreck of the Port-au-Prince within the Pacific's age of revolutions. This was an English ship used to raid French and Spanish targets in the Pacific, but which was stripped of its guns, iron, gunpowder and carronades by Tongans. To chart the trajectory from revolution and islander agency on to violence and empire is to appreciate the unsettled paths that gave rise to our modern world. This view foregrounds people who inhabited and travelled through the earth's oceanic frontiers. It is a global history from a specific place in the oceanic south, on the opposite side of the planet to Europe.
CHILDREN AGAINST SLAVERY: JUVENILE AGENCY AND THE SUGAR BOYCOTTS IN BRITAIN
Authors: Gleadle Kathryn , Hanley Ryan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Britain, many contemporaries observed a striking phenomenon: that children were especially active in the boycotts of sugar produced by enslaved people. First-hand accounts often suggested that children's activism was unilateral and unmediated, whereas historians of British abolitionism have tended to assume that children were passive recipients of antislavery literature and adult influence. Engaging with both the historiography on British abolitionism and the new histories of childhood, this article examines the nature of juvenile engagement within the sugar boycotts. Collecting together some of the extensive but dispersed evidence of juvenile antislavery across the country, and focusing upon a case study of the Plymley household of Shropshire during the early 1790s, we explore the intricacies of children's involvement. Children's agency, we argue, needs to be understood as a specific, historicised phenomenon. Adults often chose to represent children's abolitionist activities as self-determined, for their participation in the boycotts affirmed both adult positions and their own child-rearing practices. However, whilst adults frequently solicited particular types of juvenile response, children often responded independently and in unexpected ways, negotiating their own positions in relation to their parents, siblings, and peers. We situate juvenile antislavery as a recursive process, operating within complex, intergenerational interactions.
THE ‘MARTYRDOM OF THINGS’: ICONOCLASM AND ITS MEANINGS IN THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
Authors: Vincent Mary 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe anticlerical violence of the Spanish Civil War has received significant scholarly attention in recent years. However, there has been relatively little focus on the iconoclasm, even though the destruction of objects was easily the most common form of anticlerical violence. Nor has the effect of iconoclastic violence on those who treasured or venerated these objects been examined. This article looks at the emotional significance of the material artefacts that came under attack during the Civil War. It argues that, while some objects were treated simply as the material of which they were made, most provoked more complex interactions. In contrast to most earlier episodes of iconoclasm, these also left a visual record, which shows how the memory of the violence was shaped not only by textual accounts but also by photographs that memorialised and aestheticised it.
Preschoolers benefit from a clear sound-referent mapping to acquire nonnative phonology
Authors: Esteve-Gibert Núria , Muñoz Carmen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that visual information is a crucial input in early language learning. In the present study we examine what type of visual input helps preschoolers in acquiring nonnative phonological contrasts. Catalan/Spanish-speaking children (4–5 years, N = 47) participated in a task to assess their phonological discrimination abilities before and after a training. Three training conditions were presented: one with clear oral/visual speech information, one with an ostensive object-sound mapping, and one with a rich social interaction. Children’s looking patterns were tracked to examine their focus of interest while being trained. Results revealed that preschoolers’ discrimination abilities increase in all trained conditions, but the condition where the speaker created an ostensive object–sound mapping led to higher long-term gains (especially for younger children). Eye-tracking results further showed that children looked to the object of reference while being exposed to the novel phonological input, which may explain the higher learning gains in this condition. Our results indicate that preschoolers’ learning of nonnative phonological contrasts is particularly boosted when the speech input is accompanied by an object of reference that is signaled ostensively and contingently in the visual space, compared to when the visual space only contains clear oral/visual speech information or social interactivity cues.
The ‘Question of Palestine’: From liminality to emancipation
Authors: Mason Victoria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile the gravity of the injustice and inequality experienced by Palestinians is now widely documented, evidenced, and acknowledged, when it comes toactionthe situation appears ‘impervious’ to international law and norms of global politics, with Israel largely enjoying impunity. This article argues that this state of affairs can be most coherently understood through a critical interdisciplinary emancipatory framework centred on ‘liminality’. Referring to situations and actors ‘betwixt and between’, the framework of liminality offers significant potential for understanding how particular actors and spaces are intentionally marginalised, disempowered, and silenced within global politics and international law. Furthermore, in revealing the root causes of liminality, and the inherent vulnerability of such spaces to contestation and subversion, the framework also opens up potential pathways of transformative emancipation. Applying the lens of liminality to Palestine, it is demonstrated that Palestinians have been deliberately corralled to a liminal space within international law and global politics in order to enable an expansionist Zionist/Israeli settler colonial enterprise. After exploring how Palestinian liminality manifests in global politics and international law, the article turns to a range of efforts to subvert Palestinian liminality and assesses prospects for a teleological emancipation for Palestinians.
Assessment of the cognitive attentional syndrome in children: an adaptation of the CAS-1
Authors: Normann Nicoline , Reinholdt-Dunne Marie Louise , Stolpe Andersen Martin , Esbjørn Barbara Hoff 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground:Research suggests that the metacognitive model is applicable to clinical child populations. However, few measures related to the model are available for younger age groups. A key concept of the model is the cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS), which encompasses the individual’s worry and rumination, maladaptive coping strategies, and metacognitive beliefs. While the CAS has been successfully measured in adults, this has not yet been attempted in children.Aims:The aim of this study was to adapt a measure of the CAS for use with children and investigate the measure’s associations with anxiety, worry, depression and metacognitions.Methods:Our study included 127 children with anxiety disorders aged 7–13 years. The adult measure of CAS was adapted for use with children and administered at pre- and post-treatment. We examined the correlations between variables and the ability of the CAS measure to explain variance in anxious symptomatology, as well as the measure’s sensitivity to treatment change.Results:The adapted measure, CAS-1C, displayed strong associations with overall anxiety, depression, worry and metacognitions. The CAS-1C explained an additional small amount of variance in anxiety and worry symptoms after accounting for metacognitions, which may be due to the measure also assessing thinking styles and coping strategies. Furthermore, the measure displayed sensitivity to treatment change.Conclusions:The child measure of the CAS is a brief tool for collecting information on metacognitive beliefs and strategies that maintain psychopathology according to the metacognitive model, and it can be used to monitor treatment changes in these components.
Joint Geophysical‐Petrological Modeling on the Ivrea Geophysical Body Beneath Valsesia, Italy: Constraints on the Continental Lower Crust
Authors: Pistone Mattia , Ziberna Luca , Hetényi György , Scarponi Matteo , Zanetti Alberto , Müntener Othmar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne of the few near‐complete continental crustal sections exposed on Earth's surface is the Ivrea‐Verbano Zone (Western Alps, Italy), which is considered as a petro‐geophysical reference of the continental lithosphere. Exposed peridotite slivers embedded in lower crustal rocks at the surface and large density, seismic velocity anomalies of the Ivrea Geophysical Body in the subsurface suggest that mantle‐like rocks are located as shallow as a few kilometers depth, but the actual composition of the rocks producing these anomalies is unknown. Here we investigate how the published seismological and new gravimetric data in the location of Valsesia could be reconciled with petrologic data and models of the Ivrea‐Verbano Zone. We use the Perple_X software to calculate densities and compressional wave velocities for a range of possible deep crustal rock types. We argue that amphibole gabbros (<18 km depth) and pyroxene hornblendites (>18 km depth) provide the best fit to the joint geophysical and petrologic constraints, whereas residual ultramafic rocks and anhydrous gabbros are inconsistent with the existing data. This indicates that the Ivrea Geophysical Body beneath the Valsesia area in the Ivrea‐Verbano Zone preserves the structure of an igneous complex formed during magmatic underplating from the crystallization of hydrous mafic magmas. This would imply melting of a damp mantle source that produced a continental crust of an original thickness of up to ∼48 km in the Permian, of which ∼30 km are exposed at Earth's surface today.