bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardized Outcome Measures in Stroke Rehabilitation and Falls After Discharge: A Cohort Study
Authors: Campo Marc , Toglia Joan , Batistick‐Aufox Holly , O'Dell Michael W. 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionIndividuals with stroke discharged from inpatient rehabilitation units (IRUs) are at increased risk for falls. In IRUs, standardized outcome measures (SOMs) have been used to predict falls, but the results have been mixed.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between SOMs and the risk of falls in individuals with stroke within 6 months of discharge from an IRU.DesignProspective cohort study with 6‐month follow‐up.SettingIRU that was part of a large, urban academic medical center.ParticipantsIndividuals with stroke who underwent rehabilitation.Main Outcome MeasuresSelf‐reported falls within 6 months of discharge.ResultsThe study included 105 participants who were discharged to their homes after inpatient rehabilitation and who responded to a 6‐month follow‐up (57% response rate) phone call. Twenty‐nine participants (28%) reported falling. Significant odds ratios (ORs), adjusted for age, sex, and stroke severity, were found for the following measures: Berg Balance Scale (OR 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92‐0.99), Activity Measure for Post‐Acute Care basic mobility (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81‐0.97), Motricity Index (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94‐0.98), Functional Independence Measure mobility subscale (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80‐0.98), and Trunk Control Test (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95‐0.99). Areas under the curve ranged from .64 to .71. In samples of 82 to 90 patients who could complete the tests, gait speed, the Functional Reach Test, the 6‐minute Walk Test, and Timed Up and Go did not result in significant ORs.ConclusionsAt discharge, SOMs were associated with the odds of falls within 6 months. The multifactorial nature of falls will continue to make prediction challenging but SOMs can be helpful. Lower extremity strength deserves more attention as a risk factor.
Peptide conjugated morpholinos for management of the huanglongbing pathosystem
Authors: Sandoval‐Mojica Andrés F , Altman Sidney , Hunter Wayne B , Pelz‐Stelinski Kirsten S 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUND‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) is the causal agent of the devastating citrus disease Huanglongbing (HLB) and is transmitted by the insect vector Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). A potential approach for treating CLas infection is the use of synthetic nucleic acid‐like oligomers to silence bacterial gene expression. Peptide conjugated morpholinos (PPMOs) targeting essential genes in CLas and the psyllid vector's endosymbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia (‐Diaphorina, wDi), were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo assays.RESULTSExpression of the wDi gyrA gene was significantly reduced following incubation of wDi cells with PPMOs. In addition, the viability of isolated wDi cells was greatly reduced when treated with PPMOs as compared to untreated cells. Feeding D. citri adults with a complementary PPMO (CLgyrA‐14) showed significantly reduced (70% lower) expression of the CLas gyrA gene. CLas relative density was significantly lower in the psyllids fed with CLgyrA‐14, when compared to untreated insects. Psyllids that were treated with CLgyrA‐14 were less successful in transmitting the pathogen into uninfected plants, compared to untreated insects.CONCLUSIONThe expression of essential genes in the D. citri symbiont, wDi and the HLB pathogen were suppressed in response to PPMO treatments. This study demonstrates the potential of PPMOs as a novel strategy for management of bacterial pathogens of fruit trees, such as HLB. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of RNAi‐mediated silencing of two Knickkopf family genes (LmKnk2 and LmKnk3) on cuticle formation and insecticide susceptibility in Locusta migratoria
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhao Xiaoming , Liu Xiaojian , Zhang Xueyao , Yu Rongrong , Ma Enbo , Moussian Bernard , Zhu KunYan , Zhang Jianzhen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDKnickkopf (Knk) proteins play crucial roles in the formation of insect cuticle. Recent studies in the holometabolous insect red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) have shown that three Knk genes encoding TcKnk, TcKnk2 and TcKnk3 play different but essential roles at different developmental stages and in different tissues. However, the functions of Knk genes had not been fully explored in hemimetabolous insects such as the migratory locust Locusta migratoria.RESULTSWe identified three transcripts of LmKnk‐like genes LmKnk2 and LmKnk3 with the full‐length cDNA sequences, which were named as LmKnk2, LmKnk3‐FL and LmKnk3‐5′. These three transcripts were highly expressed before molting and mainly expressed in the integument. Among these genes, silencing only LmKnk3‐5′ by RNA interference (RNAi) caused molting defects and high mortality of the locusts. Injection of dsLmKnk3‐5′ dramatically decreased chitin content, but did not affect cuticle laminar ultra‐structures in the integument. After the knockdown of LmKnk3‐5′ transcript, lipid deposition on the cuticle surface was impeded, and locusts exhibited increased susceptibility to each of four insecticides in three different classes. However, no visible phenotypic changes were observed after LmKnk2 or LmKnk3‐FL was silenced by RNAi.CONCLUSIONWe demonstrate that LmKnk3‐5′ is essential for cuticle formation in L. migratoria. This contrasts the findings that the cognate protein in T. castaneum TcKnk3‐5′ is dispensable for cuticle formation and survival. Hence, we provide some evidence that the function of Knk‐type proteins may be species‐specific. We therefore think that LmKnk3‐5′ may be a good target for the application of RNAi‐based technologies for species‐specific insect pest management. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Operational and structural A‐stage improvements for high‐rate carbon removal
Authors: Wett Bernhard , Aichinger Peter , Hell Martin , Andersen Martin , Wellym Lie , Fukuzaki Yasuhiro , Cao Ye Shi , Tao Guihe , Jimenez Jose , Takacs Imre , Bott Charles , Murthy Sudhir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBiosorption of organics is investigated at two sites in order to optimize operation and infrastructure for carbon removal and redirection in upstream, high‐rate processes. Sufficient process temperature and stable mixed liquor solids concentration were established as the key impact parameters for the process performance. Improved COD removal was achieved by either substantially enhanced aeration (elevated metabolic state) or by enhanced flocculation capability (dosed chemicals). Separation and thickening of organics are typically operated as continuous‐flow processes. The optimization of performance parameters led to a new A‐stage process named alternating activated adsorption. The AAA process is presented as a novel configuration linking biosorption and thickening capabilities in an alternating scheme without mechanical equipment. The performance data from its first trial indicate benefits from process dynamics including high organics capture rates and thickening capabilities reaching solid concentrations higher than 40 g(TSS)/L. COD removal could be increased further by adding biologically generated polymer, that is waste sludge from B‐stage. © 2020 Water Environment FederationPractitioners Points

Enhanced preliminary treatment helps to increase capacity and energy efficiency.

Low RAS rates, SRT control, aeration, high temperatures, and metal dosing are key performance parameters for removal rates and energy efficiency.

The Triple‐A process offers new possibilities for A‐stage in terms of performance increase and flexibility showing similar or better results compared with conventional A‐stage.

Adding B‐sludge improved COD and nutrient removal rates.

High preliminary removal rates of COD and N foster sidestream processes.
Designing and deploying insurance recommender systems using machine learning
Authors: Qazi Maleeha , Tollas Kaya , Kanchinadam Teja , Bockhorst Joseph , Fung Glenn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecommender systems have become extremely important to various types of industries where customer interaction and feedback is paramount to the success of the business. For companies that face changes that arise with ever‐growing markets, providing product recommendations to new and existing customers is a challenge. Our goal is to give our customers personalized recommendations based on what other similar people with similar portfolios have, in order to make sure they are adequately covered for their needs. Our system uses customer characteristics in addition to customer portfolio data. Since the number of possible recommendable products is relatively small, compared to other recommender domains, and missing data is relatively frequent, we chose to use Bayesian Networks for modeling our systems. We also present a deep‐learning‐based approach to provide recommendations to prospects (potential customers) where only external marketing data is available at the time of prediction.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Industry Specific Applications
Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
Algorithmic Development > Bayesian Models
Technologies > Machine Learning
Self‐healing biomaterials: The next generation is nano
Authors: Menikheim Sydney D. , Lavik Erin B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality estimates that there are over 1 million total hip and total knee replacements each year in the U.S. alone. Twenty five percent of those implants will experience aseptic loosening, and bone cement failure is an important part of this. Bone cements are based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) systems that are strong but brittle polymers. PMMA‐based materials are also essential to modern dental fillings, and likewise, the failure rates are high with lifetimes of 3–10 years. These brittle polymers are an obvious target for self‐healing systems which could reduce revision surgeries and visits to dentist. Self‐healing polymers have been described in the literature since 1996 and examples from Roman times are known, but their application in medicine has been challenging. This review looks at the development of self‐healing biomaterials for these applications and the challenges that lie between development and the clinic. Many of the most promising formulations involve introducing nanoscale components which offer substantial potential benefits over their microscale counterparts especially in composite systems. There is substantial promise for translation, but issues with toxicity, robustness, and reproducibility of these materials in the complex environment of the body must be addressed.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Environmental flexibility in Oulastrea crispata in a highly urbanised environment: a microbial perspective
Authors: Röthig Till , Bravo Henrique , Corley Alison , Prigge Tracey-Leigh , Chung Arthur , Yu Vriko , McIlroy Shelby E. , Bulling Mark , Sweet Michael , Baker David M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncreasing temperatures on a global scale and locally deteriorating water quality affect coral distribution and health. Mechanisms that convey environmental robustness are poorly understood and have been attributed to the coral host, algal symbionts, and prokaryotic associates. Flexibility of the host’s (bacterial) microbiome has been suggested to contribute to environmental robustness, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We therefore utilised the vastly contrasting water quality gradient present along Hong Kong’s highly urbanised coastline to explore whether flexibility in the microbiome of Oulastrea crispata relates to spatial variations in temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, phosphorus, turbidity, and chlorophyll a. We identified differences in the coral microbiomes between sites, but the measured environmental variables only explained ~ 23% of the variation suggesting other factors are contributing substantially. The observed structural complexity of the microbiome (based on alpha diversity indices) appears to be relatively conserved across the environmental gradient even at sites where no other hard coral can survive. Therefore, we conclude that, at least in O. crispata, flexibility in the microbiome does not appear to underpin the robustness of this broadly distributed coral.
Whole-body muscle MRI of patients with MATR3-associated distal myopathy reveals a distinct pattern of muscular involvement and highlights the value of whole-body examination
Authors: Mensch Alexander , Kraya Torsten , Koester Felicitas , Müller Tobias , Stoevesandt Dietrich , Zierz Stephan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
MATR3-associated distal myopathy is a rare distal myopathy predominantly affecting lower legs as well as wrist- and finger extensors. Whilst most distal myopathies are clinically and genetically well characterized, diagnosis often remains challenging. Pattern-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approaches offer valuable additional information. However, a consistent pattern of muscular affection is missing for most distal myopathies. Thus, the aim of the present study was to establish a disease-specific pattern of muscular involvement in MATR3-associated distal myopathy using whole-body MRI.

Methods
15 patients (25–79 years of age, 7 female) with MATR3-associated distal myopathy were subjected to whole-body MRI. The grade of fatty involution for individual muscles was determined using Fischer-Grading. Results were compared to established MRI-patterns of other distal myopathies.

Results
There was a predominant affection of the distal lower extremities. Lower legs showed a severe fatty infiltration, prominently affecting gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. In thighs, a preferential involvement of semimembranous and biceps femoris muscle was observed. Severe affection of gluteus minimus muscle as well as axial musculature, mainly affecting the thoracic segments, was seen. A sufficient discrimination to other forms of distal myopathy based solely on MRI-findings of the lower extremities was not possible. However, the inclusion of additional body parts seemed to yield specificity.

Interpretation
Muscle MRI of patients with MATR3-associated distal myopathy revealed a distinct pattern of muscular involvement. The usage of whole-body muscle MRI provided valuable additional findings as compared to regular MRI of the lower extremities to improve distinction from other disease entities.
A multicentre randomized controlled follow-up study of the effects of the underwater traction therapy in chronic low back pain
Authors: Gáti Tamás , Czímer Éva , Cserháti Györgyi , Fehér Judit , Oláh Mihály , Kulisch Ágota , Mándó Zsuzsanna , Bender Tamás 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLow back pain (LBP) is one of the most costly diseases in the developed world. This study aimed to investigate the effects of underwater traction therapy on chronic low back pain. The primary objective was to prove that underwater traction therapy has favorable effects on LBP. Our secondary objective was to evaluate whether it also leads to improvement in the quality of life. This is a prospective, multicenter, follow-up study. A total of 176 patients with more than 3 months of low back pain enrolled from outpatient clinics were randomized into three groups: underwater weight bath traction therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); weight bath; and only NSAIDs. The following parameters were measured before, right after, and 9 weeks after the 3-week therapy: levels of low back pain in rest and during activity were tested using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire, and the EuroQol-5D-5L Questionnaire.The VAS levels improved significantly (p < 0.05) in both underwater weight bath traction therapy groups by the end of the treatment, whereas the improvement in the third group was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the improvements measured in the groups receiving traction therapy were persistent during the follow-up period. There were no significant changes in the Oswestry Index or the EuroQol-5D-5L without VAS parameters in any of the groups.Based on our results, for patients suffering from LBP pain who underwent underwater weight bath traction therapy, there were favorable impacts on the pain levels at rest or during activity. Clinical trial registration ID: NCT03488498, April 5, 2018
A retrospective cohort study to investigate the incidence of cancer-related weight loss during chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Fukahori Masaru , Shibata Masayuki , Hamauchi Satoshi , Kasamatsu Eiji , Machii Koji 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate cancer-related weight loss (WL) after the start of first-line chemotherapy as a surrogate marker for cancer cachexia in patients with advanced gastric cancer. We investigated the incidence of WL and the relationship between WL and overall survival (OS) or adverse events.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 131 patients with advanced gastric cancer who received first-line systemic chemotherapy between September 1, 2010, and August 31, 2016, at Kurume University Hospital and Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital. WL was defined in this study as weight loss of > 5% or weight loss of > 2% with a body mass index of < 20 kg/m2 within the last 6 months after the start of chemotherapy.

Results
Median age and median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of the patients participating in this study were 68 years old and 0, respectively. Incidence of WL was 53% at the first 12 weeks after starting first-line chemotherapy, and increased to 88% after 48 weeks. Overall survival rates were significantly associated with WL at 12, 24, and 48 weeks. Appetite loss and fatigue were more frequent and more severe in patients with WL.

Conclusion
WL was especially observed in more than half the patients within 12 weeks after starting chemotherapy. WL appeared to relate to adverse events or reduced survival. These results suggest the importance of monitoring WL or providing nutritional support at the beginning of chemotherapy.
A scalable and effective rough set theory-based approach for big data pre-processing
Authors: Chelly Dagdia Zaineb , Zarges Christine , Beck Gaël , Lebbah Mustapha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA big challenge in the knowledge discovery process is to perform data pre-processing, specifically feature selection, on a large amount of data and high dimensional attribute set. A variety of techniques have been proposed in the literature to deal with this challenge with different degrees of success as most of these techniques need further information about the given input data for thresholding, need to specify noise levels or use some feature ranking procedures. To overcome these limitations, rough set theory (RST) can be used to discover the dependency within the data and reduce the number of attributes enclosed in an input data set while using the data alone and requiring no supplementary information. However, when it comes to massive data sets, RST reaches its limits as it is highly computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a scalable and effective rough set theory-based approach for large-scale data pre-processing, specifically for feature selection, under the Spark framework. In our detailed experiments, data sets with up to 10,000 attributes have been considered, revealing that our proposed solution achieves a good speedup and performs its feature selection task well without sacrificing performance. Thus, making it relevant to big data.
Geophysical water flows with constant vorticity and centripetal terms
Authors: Martin Calin Iulian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe consider here three-dimensional water flows governed by the geophysical water wave equations exhibiting full Coriolis and centripetal terms. More precisely, assuming a constant vorticity vector, we derive a family of explicit solutions, in Eulerian coordinates, to the above-mentioned equations and their boundary conditions. These solutions are the only ones under the assumption of constant vorticity. To be more specific, we show that the components of the velocity field (with respect to the rotating coordinate system) vanish. We also determine a formula for the pressure function and we show that the surface, denoted $$z=\eta (x,y,t)$$

z
=
η
(
x
,
y
,
t
)

, is time independent, but is not flat and can be explicitly determined. We conclude our analysis by converting to the fixed inertial frame, the solutions we obtained before in the rotating frame. It is established that, in the fixed frame, the velocity field is non-vanishing and the free surface is non-flat, being explicitly determined. Moreover, the system consisting of the velocity field, the pressure and the surface defining function represents explicit and exact solutions to the three-dimensional water waves equations and their boundary conditions.
Efficiency of Mobile Video Sharing Application (WhatsApp®) in Live Field Image Transmission for Telepathology
Authors: Das Rituparna , Manaktala Nidhi , Bhatia Tanupriya , Agarwal Shubham , Natarajan Srikant , Lewis Amitha Juanita , Yellapurkar Shweta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTelepathology is in its nascent stages in India. Video calling applications in mobile phones can be efficiently used to transmit static and live field microscopic images hastening low cost telepathology. To evaluate the efficiency of WhatsApp® Video Calling for dynamic microscopy in distant diagnosis. Thirty haematoxylin and eosin stained slides of common pathologies were retrieved from the archives of Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, coded with relevant history and given to three untrained investigators. The investigators then connected a mobile phone with VOIP facility to a microscope using a custom adaptor. Dynamic fields were transferred to three independent pathologists via WhatsApp® video call. The pathologists attempted to diagnose the lesion based on the live field video over their display screen (phone). Audio quality was found to be better than that of video. In 70% of the cases, pathologists could render a diagnosis (13% gave a confirmed diagnosis, 57.7% gave a probable diagnosis). The average time taken for connecting the adaptor, connecting the call to the pathologist and then receiving the diagnosis was 9:30 min. In addition, proper history taking and staining of the tissue slides were critical to arrive at the diagnosis. WhatsApp® free VOIP facility helped untrained investigators to send the live-field pathologic fields to a specialist rendering histopathological diagnosis. The factors affecting the diagnosis included network stability, clarity of images transmitted, staining quality and contrast of nuclear details of the stain. The history, clinico-pathologic correlation, transmission of static images, training of the person transmitting the images plays a vital role in rendering accurate diagnosis. Telepathology over WhatsApp® video calling could be used as an efficient screening tool to identify suspicious lesions and follow-up critical cases.