bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Matrix Rhythm Therapy in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Özcan Nadir Tayfun , Çalık Bilge Başakçı , Kabul Elif Gür 
Published: December 2020

Study Design.
Randomized clinical study.

Objective
Our study was planned to determine the effect of matrix rhythm therapy (MRT) on pain, level of disability, and quality of life in chronic low back pain.

Summary of Background Data.
Low back pain is a complex and heterogeneous disorder. Different therapy options can be applied in the treatment of low back pain. In the literature, there are very few studies showing the effect of MRT in patients with chronic low back pain.

Methods.
A total of 32 participants with a mean age of 36.41 ± 8.91 years were randomly divided into two groups (intervention group and control group). Each participant was treated with ten sessions a combined physiotherapy program (hot pack, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, therapeutic ultrasound, home exercise and patient education program). Additionally, intervention group received six sessions of MRT. Pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire), level of disability (Oswestry Disability Index) and quality of life (Short Form-36) were measured before and after the treatment programme.

Results.
When pre- and post-treatment results were compared in the intervention group, a statistically significant difference was found in total pain level, disability level, and all subdimensions except the “Emotional Role” subdimension of Short Form-36 (SF-36) and total SF-36 scores (P ≤ 0.05). In the control group, statistically significant differences were found in disability level, the “Vitality” and “Bodily Pain” subdimensions of SF-36 and total SF-36 scores (P ≤ 0.05). When the delta values were compared between groups, there was a statistically significant difference only in the “general health perceptions” subdimension of SF-36 (P ≤ 0.05) in favor of the intervention group.

Conclusion.
It was determined that both the combined physiotherapy program and the MRT application in addition to the combined physiotherapy program have a positive effect on pain, disability level, and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain.

Level of Evidence: 2
Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Resources and Infrastructure in Resource-Limited Settings: A Multicountry Survey*
Authors: Muttalib Fiona , González-Dambrauskas Sebastián , Lee Jan Hau , Steere Mardi , Agulnik Asya , Murthy Srinivas , Adhikari Neill K. J. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the infrastructure and resources for pediatric emergency and critical care delivery in resource-limited settings worldwide.

DESIGN:
Cross-sectional survey with survey items developed through literature review and revised following piloting.

SETTING:
The electronic survey was disseminated internationally in November 2019 via e-mail directories of pediatric intensive care societies and networks and using social media.

PATIENTS:
Healthcare providers who self-identified as working in resource-limited settings.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Results were summarized using descriptive statistics and resource availability was compared across World Bank country income groups. We received 328 responses (238 hospitals, 60 countries), predominantly in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa (n = 161, 67.4%). Hospitals were in low-income (28, 11.7%), middle-income (166, 69.5%), and high-income (44, 18.4%) countries. Across 174 PICU and adult ICU admitting children, there were statistically significant differences in the proportion of hospitals reporting consistent resource availability (“often” or “always”) between country income groups (p < 0·05). Resources with limited availability in lower income countries included advanced ventilatory support, invasive and noninvasive monitoring, central venous access, renal replacement therapy, advanced imaging, microbiology, biochemistry, blood products, antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, and analgesic/sedative drugs. Seventy-seven ICUs (52.7%) were staffed 24/7 by a pediatric intensivist or anesthetist. The nurse-to-patient ratio was less than 1:2 in 71 ICUs (49.7%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Contemporary data demonstrate significant disparity in the availability of essential and advanced human and material resources for the care of critically ill children in resource-limited settings. Minimum standards for essential pediatric emergency and critical care in resource-limited settings are needed.
Bronchopleural Fistula in the Mechanically Ventilated Patient: A Concise Review
Authors: Grotberg John C. , Hyzy Robert C. , De Cardenas Jose , Co Ivan N. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To describe the physiology of air leak in bronchopleural fistula in mechanically ventilated patients and how understanding of its physiology drives management of positive-pressure ventilation. To provide guidance of lung isolation, mechanical ventilator, pleural catheter, and endobronchial strategies for the management of bronchopleural fistula on mechanical ventilation.

Data Sources:
Online search of PubMed and manual review of articles (laboratory and patient studies) was performed.

Study Selection:
Articles relevant to bronchopleural fistula, mechanical ventilation in patients with bronchopleural fistula, independent lung ventilation, high-flow ventilatory modes, physiology of persistent air leak, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, fluid dynamics of bronchopleural fistula airflow, and intrapleural catheter management were selected. Randomized trials, observational studies, case reports, and physiologic studies were included.

Data Extraction:
Data from selected studies were qualitatively evaluated for this review. We included data illustrating the physiology of driving pressure across a bronchopleural fistula as well as data, largely from case reports, demonstrating management and outcomes with various ventilator modes, intrapleural catheter techniques, endoscopic placement of occlusion and valve devices, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Themes related to managing persistent air leak with mechanical ventilation were reviewed and extracted.

Data Synthesis:
In case reports that demonstrate different approaches to managing patients with bronchopleural fistula requiring mechanical ventilation, common themes emerge. Strategies aimed at decreasing peak inspiratory pressure, using lower tidal volumes, lowering positive end-expiratory pressure, decreasing the inspiratory time, and decreasing the respiratory rate, while minimizing negative intrapleural pressure decreases airflow across the bronchopleural fistula.

Conclusions:
Mechanical ventilation and intrapleural catheter management must be individualized and aimed at reducing air leak. Clinicians should emphasize reducing peak inspiratory pressures, reducing positive end-expiratory pressure, and limiting negative intrapleural pressure. In refractory cases, clinicians can consider lung isolation, independent lung ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in appropriate patients as well as definitive management with advanced bronchoscopic placement of valves or occlusion devices.
Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Botulinum Toxin A for Masseter Reduction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Optimal Dose-Finding Study
Authors: Hong Ji Yeon , Jeong Guk Jin , Kwon Tae-Rin , Kim Jong Hwan , Li Kapsok , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND
A wide lower face and a square jaw are considered esthetic problems, particularly in Asia.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the optimal dose of a novel botulinum toxin (prabotulinum toxin A) for treating masseteric hypertrophy.

METHODS
Ninety subjects with masseteric hypertrophy were randomly divided into 5 groups and treated with placebo (A, normal saline) or prabotulinum toxin A (B: 24, C: 48, D: 72, and E: 96 units). Photography, ultrasonography, and 3-dimensional imaging were performed before and after injection at baseline and at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after treatment. The participants also rated their satisfaction.

RESULTS
Masseter thickness significantly reduced in all groups at 12 weeks, compared with that in the placebo group. A dose-dependent reduction in masseter thickness was observed at the resting and maximal clenching positions. Sonography and 3-dimensional imaging revealed a gradual reduction in masseter thickness and volume, respectively, during the first 12 weeks. Despite being slightly effective, a dose of 24 units might be insufficient for resolving square face problems. Patients in Group E reported discomfort during jaw movement.

CONCLUSION
Prabotulinum toxin A could effectively improve lower face contour without major complications, with an optimal dose of 48 to 72 units, followed by reinjection after 12 weeks.
Effect of Hemodialysis on Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness Measured by Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Lee Won June , Hong Rimkyung , Kang Min Ho , Cho Heeyoon , Han Sang-Woong , Yi Joo-Hark , Shin Yong Un , Seong Mincheol 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
The aim was to investigate the effects of hemodialysis (HD) on peripapillary choroidal thickness (PCT) by swept-source optical coherence tomography and on other ophthalmologic parameters in patients with end-stage kidney disease.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective observational study. The authors evaluated 29 patients who underwent HD for end-stage kidney disease. Detailed ophthalmologic examinations and swept-source optical coherence tomography were performed immediately before and after HD. PCT was measured using the modification tool in the built-in OCT image viewer program. Changes in PCT before and after HD were statistically analyzed.

Results:
The average PCT significantly decreased from 127.3±49.2 μm before HD to 117.1±50.9 μm after HD (P<0.001). A significant correlation was found between changes in PCT and macular choroidal thickness (ρ=0.547, P=0.002). Changes in mean ocular perfusion pressure did not significantly correlate with changes in PCT (ρ=−0.049, P=0.803).

Conclusions:
PCT significantly decreased after HD. HD could influence the optic nerve head and its surrounding structures.
Influence of Different Antidepressants on Ocular Surface in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Işik-Ulusoy Selen , Ulusoy Mahmut Oğuz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Several studies have previously reported the association between dry eye and depression along with the treatment of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different antidepressant drugs on tear parameters in patients with major depressive disorder.

Methods
We recruited 132 patients who were using different antidepressants and 58 healthy controls. Venlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline were used by 34, 28, 36, and 34 patients, respectively. The participants filled out and completed the Beck Depression Scale. We recorded Schirmer test, tear breakup time (TBUT) and corneal staining values of the participants. The Ocular Surface Disease Index was completed by the participants. In addition, we evaluated the tear meniscus parameters by using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Results
All conventional dry eye tests and tear meniscus parameters were significantly lesser in the depression group than in the control group (Schirmer test, 11.41 ± 6.73 mm and 22.53 ± 4.98 mm; TBUT, 5.29 ± 2.92 seconds and 13.38 ± 1.72; Corneal staining, tear meniscus area, 0.026 ± 0.012 mm2 and 0.11 ± 0.025 mm2; tear meniscus depth, 182.75 ± 78.79 μm and 257.48 ± 90.1 μm; tear meniscus height, 290.3 ± 133.63 μm and 459.78 ± 180.26 μm, in patients and controls, respectively). The tear parameters of the duloxetine group were lowest among the drug groups and Schirmer test, and TBUT of the venlafaxine group was statistically significantly different from the duloxetine group (P = 0.028 and P = 0.017, respectively). Ocular Surface Disease Index score of the depression group was significantly higher than the control group (31.12 ± 21.15 and 17.43 ± 11.75 in depression and control group, respectively.)

Conclusions
We found that the usage of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors affects the ocular surface by a mechanism other than the anticholinergic system. Besides serotonin blockage, the noradrenaline blockade of serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors may increase the dry eye findings on the ocular surface.
No Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Cognitive Function, Psychological Symptoms, and Health-related Outcomes in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
Authors: Maguire Áine , Mooney Christina , Flynn Grainne , Ferguson Yolande , O'Keane Veronica , O'Rourke Doreen , McMonagle Tom , Heaton Robert , Phillips Suzannah , Hargreaves Iain , Gill Michael , Hargreaves April 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Cognitive impairments, negative symptoms, affective symptoms, and low energy are highly prevalent features of schizophrenia. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been hypothesized as one of the numerous factors to underlie the manifestation of these symptoms. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has a role in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

Methods
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to assess the effects of CoQ10 supplementation (300 mg/day) on the co-primary outcomes of attention and working memory performance after 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcomes included plasma CoQ10 levels, mitochondrial function, energy, depression, anxiety, negative symptoms, and quality oflife.

Findings
In total, 72 patients were randomized to intervention groups. Overall, there was no effect of CoQ10 supplementation on the primary outcome measures at 3 or 6 months. Further, with the exception of plasma CoQ10 levels, CoQ10 supplementation also had no effect on the secondary outcomes. At 3 months, CoQ10 concentration was significantly higher in the CoQ10 group (3.85 μg/mL) compared with placebo (1.13 μg/mL); this difference was not present at 6 months.

Conclusions
The results of the study suggest that CoQ10 supplementation at 300 mg/day for 6 months is unlikely to be beneficial for cognitive, psychological and health-related outcomes in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. However, a number of limitations including low adherence, modest sample size, and attrition, likely reduce estimates of effects. As such, results should be considered preliminary.
The Application of the Theory Coding Scheme to Interventions in Occupational Health Psychology
Authors: Horan Kristin A. , Streit Jessica M.K. , Beltramo Jenna M.D. , Post Marissa 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
There is a need to understand how and to what extent theory is used to inform occupational health psychology (OHP) interventions. This study examines the utility of Michie and Prestwich
1
theory coding scheme (TCS) to examine the theoretical base of OHP interventions.

Methods:
We applied the TCS to a systematically derived sample of 27 papers that reported evaluation data for work-related interventions seeking to improve employee sleep quantity or quality.

Results:
Results indicated that the original TCS was largely applicable to OHP sleep interventions. After several minor modifications to its evaluative criteria, the TCS successfully accommodates a range of OHP intervention designs.

Conclusions:
The revised TCS for OHP interventions allows for a more detailed understanding of the role and use of theory in OHP interventions and may prove to be a valuable tool for OHP researchers and practitioners.
Risk Factors for Bacteremia After Endoscopic Procedures in Hospitalized Patients With a Focus on Neutropenia
Authors: Isenberg Yoni , Zamstein Noa , Horesh Nurit , Chowers Yehuda , Bar-Yoseph Haggai 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The risk for bacteremia following endoscopic procedures varies among studies. A low neutrophil count is considered as a risk factor.

Objective:
To assess risk factors for bacteremia following endoscopic procedures, focusing on neutropenia.

Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of all inpatients undergoing endoscopic procedures between 2005 and 2018 with neutrophil count taken within 72 hours before the procedure in a tertiary center in Israel. The primary outcome was positive blood culture within 48 hours following the procedure of bacteria that was not cultured before. Risk factors for bacteremia were assessed and multivariate logistic regression models were built. In neutropenic patients, comparator groups were used to assess the risk related to the procedure and neutropenia.

Results:
Of 13,168 patients included, postprocedural bacteremia was recorded in 103 (0.8%). Neutropenia, low albumin level, male gender, older age, preprocedure fever, and admitting department were associated with increased risk for bacteremia in both univariate and multivariate analyses. A multivariate model including these factors was found to be predictive of bacteremia (area under the curve 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-0.88). In neutropenic patients, the risk of postendoscopic bacteremia (4.2%) was not significantly different compared with neutropenic patients undergoing bronchoscopy (1.8%, P=0.14) or from the rate of bacteremia-to-neutropenic episodes (“background risk”) in neutropenic patients in general (6.3%, P=0.33).

Conclusions:
Postendoscopic bacteremia is a rare event among inpatients. Although neutropenia was found to be a risk factor for bacteremia, it was not higher than the background risk in these patients. Models highly predictive of bacteremia were developed and should be validated.
Associations of Duration, Intensity, and Quantity of Smoking With Risk of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia
Authors: Thrift Aaron P. , Jove Andre G. , Liu Yan , Tan Mimi C. , El-Serag Hashem B. 
Published: December 2020

Goal:
Determine whether various dimensions of smoking increase risk for gastric intestinal metaplasia.

Background:
Cigarette smoking has been implicated in the etiology of gastric cancer, but it is not clear if smoking is a risk factor for gastric intestinal metaplasia, a precursor lesion of gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods:
We compared data from 385 gastric intestinal metaplasia cases and 1577 controls without gastric intestinal metaplasia recruited into a cross-sectional study at the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center in Houston, Texas. All participants completed standardized questionnaires and underwent a study endoscopy with gastric mapping biopsies. Gastric intestinal metaplasia cases included participants with intestinal metaplasia on any noncardia gastric biopsy. We calculated odds ratios and associated 95% confidence intervals using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results:
Compared with never smokers, current smokers had 2-fold increased risk for gastric intestinal metaplasia (odds ratio, 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-2.85). Among ever smokers, increasing duration and total dose were significantly associated with increased risk for gastric intestinal metaplasia (P-trend, 0.004 and 0.01, respectively). Among former smokers, risk for gastric intestinal metaplasia decreased over time and was no different to never smokers after 15 years smoking cessation. Cases with gastric intestinal metaplasia were more likely than controls to have Helicobacter pylori infection (53.2% vs. 21.7%); however, smoking effect on gastric intestinal metaplasia was not different by H. pylori infection status.

Conclusions:
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for gastric intestinal metaplasia. Risk of gastric intestinal metaplasia among former smokers remained significantly elevated until 15 years postcessation.
Incidence of Depression and Anxiety in a Cohort of Adolescents With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Noon Sheila L. , D'Annibale Danielle A. , Schwimmer Melanie H. , Shiels Jacqueline , Arin Jennifer , Durelle Janis , Newton Kimberly P. , Goyal Nidhi P. , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:To determine the incidence of clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety in adolescents with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods:This was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study between January 1, 2012 and July 1, 2018 conducted in a Children's Hospital Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic. Participants included adolescents 12 to 17 years old at baseline with biopsy‐confirmed NAFLD. The primary outcomes were having depression and/or anxiety based upon a clinical diagnosis established by a physician or psychologist. The rates of depression and anxiety were measured at baseline and longitudinally throughout follow‐up.Results:A total of 160 adolescents with NAFLD were followed for a mean of 3.8 years. At baseline, 8.1% had a diagnosis of depression. During follow‐up, an additional 9.5% (95% confidence interval, 4.7–14.3) developed depression. The incidence density of depression was 27 new cases per 1000 person‐years at risk. In adolescents with NAFLD, 6.3% had anxiety at baseline and 6.7% (95% confidence interval, 2.6–10.7) developed anxiety during follow‐up. The incidence density of anxiety was 18 new cases per 1000 person‐years at risk. The change in alanine aminotransferase was significantly worse for adolescents with NAFLD who developed depression compared to those who did not develop depression (P < 0.01).Conclusions:Adolescents with NAFLD had a high incidence of clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety. The rates were higher than expected relative to the available data in the general population. Addressing this mental health burden will require efforts at both the patient level and the systems level.
Current Physical Therapy Practice in Norway for Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Størvold Gunfrid Vinje , Jahnsen Reidun Birgitta 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To investigate to what degree functional physical therapy approaches are implemented in Norway when promoting gross motor skill acquisition in children with cerebral palsy.

Methods:
It was a national survey about current practice among Norwegian pediatric physical therapists. The physical therapists chose between 5 predefined approaches developed through practice descriptions by a convenience sample of 55 physical therapists.

Results:
The distribution of the main approaches were: functional training based on principles of motor learning, training of body functions and structures, manual stimulation of position and movements, addressing environmental factors, and conceptual methods. Working in the North and having more experience predicted less chance of using functional approaches. Most physical therapists frequently used other approaches as a supplement to the main approach, but not conceptual methods.

Conclusions:

Functional training based on principles of motor learning has become the method of choice in Norway.
Use of Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy With Instillation and Dwell Time: An Overview
Authors: Faust Elizabeth , Opoku-Agyeman Jude L. , Behnam Amir B. 
Published: December 2020

Summary:
The use of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has become an established therapy for wound management. There have been many advancements in the technology of NPWT including NPWT with instillation and dwell (NPWTi-d). NPWTi-d promotes wound healing by wound cleansing, irrigation, and nonexcisional debridement. NPWTi-d has been shown in comparative clinical studies to decrease the time to definitive wound healing and length of hospitalization. NPWTi-d—using a reticulated open-cell foam dressing with “through” holes (ROCF-CC)—has been postulated to facilitate solubilization, detachment, and elimination of infectious materials, such as slough and thick exudate, before or after operative debridement, and in cases where surgical debridement is not an option. The authors provide an overview on the use of NPWTi-d by reviewing the components of the system, proposed mechanism of action, clinical outcomes, and current consensus guidelines for its utilization.