bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico and in vitro analysis reveal multi-target anti-hyperglycaemic properties of gedunin, a limonoid from neem (Azadirachta indica)
Authors: Mazumdar Suchismita , Marar Thankamani , Patki Jyoti , Devarajan Shine , Zambare Vyankatesh , Swami Dayanand 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Insulin secretion and insulin related pathways have been the prime targets in the treatment of diabetes for a long time. However, recently a lot of attention is being directed towards addressing hyperglycaemia as the main perpetrator of the symptoms in this metabolic disorder. This new treatment approach also involves greater inclination to plant derived therapeutic agents for their safety and probable minimal side effects. The objective of the present study was to scientifically elucidate the potential of gedunin (a limonoid from Neem tree) as an anti-hyperglycaemic agent.

Methods
The effect of gedunin on pancreatic and salivary amylase activity and glucose transport across yeast cell membrane was tested at three different concentrations (5 μM, 10 μM and 20 μM) using known inhibitor acarbose as the standard. Multiple Ligand Simultaneous Docking was used to study the interaction of gedunin with salivary and pancreatic amylase and determine binding affinity and specificity of this interaction.

Results
The in vitro results documented a steady, linear pancreatic alpha amylase (ovine) inhibition in a concentration dependent manner with gedunin showing lower IC50 value of 20.25 μM against acarbose (IC50 = 31.12 μM) a known enzyme inhibitor used as standard in the present study. The inhibition of salivary amylase by gedunin was also distinct. Yeast cell glucose uptake studies revealed remarkable inhibition of glucose absorption at 10 μM and 20 μM concentration of gedunin (5.45% and 13.87% respectively with respect to control). Corroborating the in vitro findings even in the docking studies gedunin exhibited higher docking score (− 8.12 Kcal/mol) and higher enzyme inhibition potency (Ki = 1.12 μM) with human pancreatic amylase-substrate complex as compared to acarbose (docking score-5.24 Kcal/mol, Ki = 110.8 μM). The studies further suggested a non-competitive, mixed kind of inhibition by gedunin. As evident from this current in vitro study, gedunin had shown significant inhibition of alpha amylases and glucose uptake at much lower concentration (5, 10 and 20 μM) than previous studies where the concentrations used were (20.7–124.3 μM).

Conclusion
This study lays strong evidence to the rationale of gedunin being an important lead compound to developing a promising hyperglycaemic agent, simultaneously targeting glucose absorption in the intestine and enzymatic digestion of polysaccharides.
Identification of risk factors for post-induction hypotension in patients receiving 5-aminolevulinic acid: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Yatabe Tomoaki , Karashima Takashi , Kume Motohiko , Kawanishi Yu , Fukuhara Hideo , Ueba Tetsuya , Inoue Keiji , Okuhara Yoshiyasu , Yokoyama Masataka 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is useful as a photodynamic agent, but its use commonly leads to hypotension. Although avoiding a mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mmHg is important, the incidence of MAP < 60 mmHg when using 5-ALA is unclear. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to assess the incidence of post-induction hypotension and identified risk factors of this phenomenon.

Methods
One-hundred and seventy-two consecutive patients who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor or craniotomy with the use of 5-ALA were enrolled. The primary outcome was the incidence of post-induction hypotension, defined as MAP < 60 mmHg during the first 1 h after anesthesia induction. We divided participants into the normal blood pressure group (group N) and the hypotension group (group L).

Results
The incidence of post-induction hypotension was 70% (group L = 121, group N = 51). Multivariate analysis revealed that female sex was an independent factor of post-induction hypotension (odds ratio [OR] 3.95; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–12.97; p = 0.02). Systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg before anesthesia induction and general anesthesia were also identified as significant independent factors (OR 13.30; 95% CI 1.17–151.0; p = 0.04 and OR 25.84; 95% CI 9.80–68.49; p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
The incidence of post-induction hypotension was 70% in patients using 5-ALA. Female sex, systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg before anesthesia induction, and general anesthesia might be independent factors of post-induction hypotension when using 5-ALA.
The responsiveness of goal attainment scaling using just one goal in controlled clinical trials: an exploratory analysis
Authors: McGarrigle Lisa , Rockwood Kenneth 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) is an individualized outcome measure that allows the setting of personalized treatment goals. We compared the responsiveness of GAS when individuals set only one goal instead of the recommended three or more goals.

Methods
We conducted exploratory analyses on data from two randomized controlled trials: the Video-Imaging Synthesis of Treating Alzheimer’s Disease (VISTA) (n = 130); and the Mobile Geriatric Assessment Team (MGAT) (n = 265). Independent t-tests and standardized response means (SRMs) were used to assess responsiveness of one- vs. multiple-goal GAS.

Results
In VISTA, clinician-rated multiple-goal GAS detected higher goal attainment in the intervention group (p = 0.01; SRM = 0.48). One-goal GAS, whether rated by patients or by clinicians, did not detect differences in goal attainment between groups (patient: p = 0.56, SRM = 0.10; clinician: p = 0.10, SRM = 0.29). In MGAT, multiple-goal GAS (outcome goals: p < .001, SRM = 1.29; total goals: p < .001, SRM = 1.52) and one-goal GAS (outcome goals: p < .001, SRM = 0.89; total goals: p < .001, SRM = 0.75), detected significantly higher goal attainment in the intervention group.

Conclusion
One-goal GAS detected significant change in response to a patient-centred, multi-domain care initiative. As such, in similar contexts, one-goal GAS may be an effective means of optimizing personalization and improving GAS feasibility through reduced administration time. However, it is not yet clear if one-goal GAS is responsive in the context of a pharmacological intervention and further research is recommended.
First light microscopy and ultrastructural description of Mesocoelium sociale (Luhe, 1901) Odhner, 1910 (Trematoda: Mesocoeliidae) in Bufo regularis from Egypt
Authors: Thabit Hasnaa , Khalifa Refaat 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Mesocoeliidae is a common parasite of the small intestine of amphibians and reptiles. From Egypt, only Mesocoelium monas (Rudolphi C., Berolini 811 (1819)) (Freitas JF, Revista Brasiliera de Biologia 18:171-174, (1958)) was reported and described by (Saad AI et. al., J Egypt Ger Soc Zool 33: 219-234, (2000)) from the small intestine of the Egyptian toads Bufo regularis from Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt, and the molecular characterization of the same parasite was reported by (Mansour MFA et. al., Egypt. J. Biol. (Zool.),10:(1)1-8, (2014)) without any morphological description from the same final host. The present study aimed to detect the prevalence and the characteristic morphological features of mesocoeliid parasites of the Egyptian toads Bufo regularis.

Methods
Toads were collected from Assiut and Giza Governorates during the autumn of 2018. They were dissected and examined by a dissecting microscope for intestinal parasites. The collected trematodes were fixed, stained, dehydrated, cleared, and mounted. Photomicrographs were taken and parasite measurements were determined. Some of the identified worms were prepared for scanning electron microscope for studying their ultrastructure.

Results
Mesocoelium sociale was detected from the small intestine of 14 out of 51 toads Bufo regularis (27.5%) with worm burden (10–30 worms per host). Detailed morphometric characteristic features of the parasite were described by a light microscope. Scanning electron microscopy showed many fine ultrastructure details in the present study and confirmed the light microscopic description.

Conclusion
Mesocoelium sociale (Luhe M, Centralblatt für Bakteriologie Parasitenkunde und Infektionsk-rankheiten, 30, 166-177, (1901)) (Odhner T., Res. Swedish Zool Exped Egypt iv, (23a), 1–166, (1910)) is recorded for the first time from Egypt as a trematode parasite of the Egyptian toads’ Bufo regularis and described by a light microscope. In addition, it is described for the first time worldwide by scanning electron microscopy.
Comparative study on the specimen thickness measurement using EELS and CBED methods
Authors: Heo Yoon-Uk 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo thickness measurement methods using an electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and 10a convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) were compared in an Fe-18Mn-0.7C alloy. The thin foil specimen was firstly tilted to satisfy 10a two-beam condition. Low loss spectra of EELS and CBED patterns were acquired in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and TEM-CBED modes under the two-beam condition. The log-ratio method was used for measuring the thin foil thickness. Kossel-Möllenstedt (K-M) fringe of the $$ \mathbf{13}\overline{\mathbf{1}} $$131¯ diffracted disk of austenite was analyzed to evaluate the thickness. The results prove the good coherency between both methods in the thickness range of 72 ~ 113 nm with a difference of less than 5%.
Thermal Properties of ‘Gala’ Apples during Growing Season for Predicting Harvest Time
Authors: Caliskan-Aydogan Oznur , Yi Hojae , Schupp James R. , Choi Daeun , Heinemann Paul H. , Puri Virendra M. 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsThermal conductivity significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.05), particularly in the last two weeks of the growing season.Thermal conductivity values were significantly different (p &lt; 0.05) between the measurement locations.Thermal conductivity had a moderate correlation (0.35 &lt; |r| &lt; 0.67) with maturity indices.Abstract. ±±W m·K-1±±2-1 Keywords: Apple maturity, DNHP, Harvest time, Malus × domestica (Borkh.), Thermal conductivity, Thermal properties.
Energy Use Efficiency of Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems of Sugarcane
Authors: González-Cueto Omar , Diego-Nava Fidel , López-Bravo Elvis , Ferreira-Camacho Ruslán , Zambrano-Casanova Diana Estefania , Macias-Martinez Luisa Maria , Herrera-Suárez Miguel 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsOrganic cropping systems were less efficient in energy use.Sugarcane for seed was the highest energy input due to the consumption of 12 t ha-1 of seed.The second largest part of the energy input was the fuel consumed during mechanized operations.Abstract.Analysis of energy use efficiency provides an assessment of non-renewable energy consumption; it is a useful indicator of environmental and long-term sustainability when comparing cropping systems. This study aimed to estimate the energy use efficiency of organic and conventional cropping systems of sugarcane for sugar production in central Cuba. Estimation of the energy use efficiency included analysis of four cropping systems. The energy input in the field until harvest and transport to the sugar mill was the limit of this analysis. The results showed that organic cropping systems were less efficient in energy use because of the greater number of field operations, mainly for weed control by manual and mechanical cultivation. Organic cropping systems also had lower yield compared with conventional systems due to their use of low doses of organic products, instead of agrochemical fertilizers, for plant nutrition. In all cropping systems evaluated, sugarcane used for seed was the largest part of the energy input due to the consumption of 12 t ha-1 of seed, representing an average of 89% of the total energy input for the sugarcane cropping systems. The second largest part of the energy input was the fuel consumed during mechanized operations. Irrigation was the third largest part of the energy input for organic cropping systems and the second largest part of the energy input for conventional cropping systems. Keywords: Agricultural systems, Energy balance, Energy input, Energy output.
Application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) at Field Scale: Categorizing Methods and Review of Applications
Authors: Karki Ritesh , Srivastava Puneet , Veith Tamie L. 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsThis review study identified five different ways of setting up a SWAT model for field-scale analysis.Model setup for each field-scale modeling method and examples of application are discussed.Benefits and limitations of each method are discussed.Abstract. Although the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been widely used as a watershed/basin scale model, recently there has been considerable interest in applying it at the field scale, especially for evaluation of best management practices and for building stakeholder confidence. In this study, a thorough review of the literature on field-scale application of SWAT was conducted. It was determined that there is more than one way of setting up a field-scale SWAT model depending on the spatial scale of the research as well as the research question to be answered. This article provides a detailed review of the methods used for field-scale SWAT modeling along with a summary of applications. This article also discusses the limitations and advantages of each method along with future research needs. The overarching goal of this article is to provide a valuable and time-conserving resource for future researchers interested in field-scale SWAT modeling. Keywords: Arc-SWAT, Field level, Field-scale resolution, Field-scale SWAT, SWAT.
Smartphone Application for Assessing Peanut Maturity
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Boland Brian L. , Ghareh Mohammadi Farid , Monfort Walter S. , Johnsen Kyle , Tse Zion T. H. , Leo Donald J. 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsOptimal harvest date is important to improve the yield and quality of peanut.Peanut mesocarp color is one of the most popular methods for determining the optimal harvest date.This article presents a smartphone-based system for determining optimal harvest date based on peanut mesocarp color.Abstract. Harvesting at the right time is crucial to ensuring the best quality peanuts and maximizing yield. This article presents an offline system to assist farmers in evaluating peanut maturity. The system uses an automated method to determine peanut pod maturity, and it is portable, so it can be used in the field. Peanut maturity evaluation in the proposed system is based on the color of the mesocarp, which is the middle layer of the peanut shell. The mesocarp changes color over time from white to yellow, then dark brown, and finally black as the peanut reaches maturity. In the developed system, peanut pods are placed on a specially designed peanut sorting board, and the mesocarp color of each peanut pod is quantified by measuring the red, green, and blue (RGB) values with a smartphone camera. A nearest-neighbor classification algorithm is then used to sort each peanut into one of 25 colors on a color bar, which represents the different peanut maturity levels. To estimate the overall crop maturity, the ratio of the number of peanuts in the combined brown-black class to the total sample size must be determined. Using the developed system, this ratio was identified with 88.99% accuracy. In addition, the experimental results show that the inter-rater reliability of the developed system is comparable with manual methods involving human graders. Therefore, the system presented in this article shows great promise as a tool for helping to evaluate the maturity of peanut crops. Keywords: Mesocarp color, Peanut maturity grading, Peanut sorting board, Smartphone application.
Understanding Complex Flow Pathways within Lab-Scale Denitrifying Bioreactors with a Conservative Tracer
Authors: Pluer William T. , Walter M. Todd , Steinschneider Scott 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsStorm size and media age did not significantly impact removal rate based on simulated storm events in lab bioreactors.Post-hoc cluster analysis of bromide tracer time series identified distributed and preferential flow patterns.Distributed flow cluster had significantly higher removal rate and removal efficiency than preferential cluster.Abstract. Denitrifying bioreactors are designed to reduce excess nitrate (NO3-) pollution from agricultural fields. During storm-induced flow events, flow rate and hydraulic retention time (HRT) can fluctuate widely, which may disturb denitrification within bioreactors in ways not captured by current steady-flow models of NO3- removal rate (RR). This study investigated RR and removal efficiency (RE) during storm flows of variable size and duration to close the gap between existing steady-flow models and real-world flow event conditions. Three simulated storm flow events were run through six lab bioreactors, and RR and RE were calculated during and following each event. Our results show that bioreactors were able to attenuate flow such that event size and duration were not significant explanatory variables of RR. A k-means cluster analysis on characteristics of the outflow bromide tracer time series for each bioreactor during each event identified two major flow patterns. The cluster exhibiting a more distributed bromide load through time had a significantly higher average RR than the cluster with a bromide load time series more characteristic of preferential flow (24.8 and 22.0 g N m-3 d-1, respectively, p = 0.01). Bioreactors did not consistently display a given flow pattern but often changed between events. This suggests that flow patterns within lab bioreactors for each event are a more significant driver of RR than the external factor of the inflow hydrograph. Keywords: Denitrifying bioreactor, k-Means clustering, Stormwater, Tracer.
Effect of Pyrolysis Method on Physical Properties of Activated Biochar and its Application as Cathode Material for Lithium-Sulfur Battery
Authors: Adhikari Sushil , Sajib Sourov K. 
Published: May 2020

HighlightsActivated biochar was derived from canola meal and Douglas fir.Canola meal biochar with 66.2% sulfur exhibited capacity of 1222 mAh g-1.Fast pyrolysis resulted in higher surface area and better Li-S battery performance.Abstract. The influence of preparation method on the specific surface area, total pore volume, and pore size distribution of activated biochar derived from canola meal and Douglas fir was investigated for its use as cathode material for a lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery. The specific surface area and total pore volume of fast pyrolysis derived activated biochars from Douglas fir and canola meal were found to be 3355 and 3227 m2 g-1, and 1.58 and 1.49 cm3 g-1, respectively. Fast pyrolysis of canola meal activated biochar that was loaded with 66.2% sulfur and exhibited high initial capacity of 1222 mAh g-1 at low discharge rate (0.05 C) and high capacity retention of 589 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at high discharge rate (0.5 C) when used as the cathode for a Li-S battery. Our results indicated that activated biochar derived from fast pyrolysis showed better physical properties for use as Li-S cathode material as compared to activated biochar derived from slow pyrolysis. Keywords: Activated carbon, Biochar, Fast pyrolysis, Lignocellulosic biomass, Lithium-sulfur battery.
Explanation of the competition between O- and E-wave induced stimulated Raman and supercontinuum in calcite under ultrafast laser excitation
Authors: Mazhar Shah Faisal B. , Meyer Henry J. , Samuels Tyler , Sharonov Mikhail , Shi Lingyan , Alfano Robert R. 
Published: May 2020

Key optical properties of calcite were measured to unravel the difference between stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and self-phase modulation (SPM) for the supercontinuum (SC) for ordinary (O) wave and extraordinary (E) wave. These properties are group velocity dispersion, walk-off, spontaneous Raman spectra and cross section, optical

1086

c
m

−
1

phonon linewidth, nonlinear susceptibility (

χ

3

), steady-state and transient SRS, and SC caused from SPM. These are investigated for O-waves and E-waves from a 2.7 cm thick calcite crystal. Using 390 fs pulses (

∼

0.8

µ

J

pulse energy) at 517 nm, the O-wave produced a stronger sharp SRS peak at

1086

c
m

−
1

and a weaker SC spectrum in the visible range than the E-wave. The salient difference found between the O- and E-waves for SRS and SPM in calcite is attributed to the larger Raman cross section and the size of nonlinear susceptibility (

χ

3

) for O-waves as compared to E-waves.
Output characteristics of Pr:YAlO3 and Pr:YAG lasers pumped by high-power GaN laser diodes
Authors: Fujita Shogo , Tanaka Hiroki , Kannari Fumihiko 
Published: May 2020

We investigated whether

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r

:

Y
A
l
O

3

and

P
r

:

Y

3

A
l

5

O

12

(YAG) can work as gain media for high-power visible lasers and replace trivalent praseodymium (Pr)-doped fluoride crystals, with particular focus on thermal loading resistivity.

P
r

:

Y
A
l
O

3

exhibits a high laser gain at 747 nm, and we obtained a maximum output power of 1.2 W and a slope efficiency of 26.7% with high-power GaN laser diode pumping. Excited state absorption and large phonon energy hinder laser oscillation of Pr:YAG at room temperature. We obtained 616 nm laser oscillation of Pr:YAG at 40 K. Furthermore, we achieved a visible laser with Pr:YAG ceramics for the first time. The maximum output power is

∼

30

m
W

with a slope efficiency of

∼

0.7

%

.
Tensión en la superficie: Improvisando el Performance de la Materialidad Tecnológica en la Obra Glitchbody/Nanostalgia [1454-2015]
Authors: Johnson Colin 
Published: May 2020

En la primavera de 2015, UC (Universidad de California) Davis invitó al artista del performance Guillermo Gomez-Peña a colaborar en una pieza llamada Glitchbody / Nanostalgia [1454-2015]. Glitch intentó involucrar tecnologías de vigilancia social como Google Glass con las carnes, movimientos e imaginarios de cuerpos humanos. La performance final fue precedida por una semana de juegos y talleres intensivos, un ensayo realizado en colaboración con muchos de la comunidad de UC Davis. Este documento comienza repitiendo el marco que Glitchbody promulgó: uno que separaba el juego afectivo e improvisatorio del espacio de ensayo de un más representacional y en ocasiones fetichista, despliegue de tecnología en el performance. Al segregar los procesos para desarrollar el trabajo en el ensayo de las tecnologías digitales y conexiones en red que formaron tanto la ocasión para, como la atmosfera del performance, éste enmarcó la tecnología en un modo “prostético”, descuidando el potencial incorporado y las consecuencias materiales de los medios digitales. En este escrito, yo argumento que las nuevas tecnologías mediáticas, además de ser parte del medio (milieu) socio-situado para el performance, deben ser vistas como cuerpos con los cuales contender e improvisar.
Performance jams’ son las metodologías pedagógicas desarrolladas por Gómez-Peña (2011) en conjunción con el colectivo transdisciplinario de arte “La Pocha Nostra”. El jam es utilizado para germinar nuevas ideas, imágenes y personas para la noche del performance final. En estos espacios de improvisación, cuerpos entrenados de formas distintas se tocan y se mueven entre sí de maneras innovadoras. Al interceptar pensadores como Lipsitz (2013) y Goldman (2007) con trabajos de estudios de los medios sobre prótesis (Sobchack, 2004) glitches (Krapp, 2011), y estudios de la ciencia y la tecnología sobre materialidad (Rubio, 2014), yo argumento que la necesidad política de la improvisación tanto en las artes como en el activismo debe incluir una nebulosa más amplia de contacto y del tocar que incluye cuerpos no humanos y escalas de tecnologías digitales. Involucrar la tensión superficial que existe a los bordes de la piel y la pantalla requiere que atendamos a cómo las prácticas de ensayo excluyen posibilidades a través del enmarcar la tecnología fuera de las técnicas.