bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoscale nanoparticles encapsulated with emodin for targeting antifibrosis in animal models
Authors: Tan Lishan , Deng Xiulong , Lai Xuandi , Zeng Tao , Li Aiqing , Hu Jianqiang , Xiong Zuying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore the kidney-targeting capability of mesoscale nanoparticles (MNPs)-emodin (Em-MNPs) and its potential antifibrosis in the animal model. First, MNPs and Em-MNPs were synthesized via nanoprecipitation method, and their diameters were both ∼400 nm with the uniform size. The entrapment efficiency of MNPs was 45.1% when adding emodin at the concentration of 12 mg/mL. Moreover, cytotoxicity assay showed that Em-MNPs presented excellent biocompatibility in rat proximal tubular cells. Cellular uptake assay demonstrated that Em-MNPs had high-efficiency uptake, especially in the cytoplasm. Ex vivo organ fluorescence imaging revealed that Em-MNPs possessed specific kidney-targeting ability with relative long retention time in the kidney (∼24 h). In the renal unilateral ureteral obstruction model, Em-MNPs treatment could significantly alleviate kidney tubule injury and reduce extracellular matrix deposition compared with free MNPs. Herein, Em-MNPs with specific kidney-targeting and preferable antifibrosis effects in animal model may pave an avenue for treating renal diseases.
Process simulation for the production of methanol via CO2 reforming of methane route
Authors: Aimiuwu Godstand , Osagie Ebuwa , Omoregbe Osaze 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Methanol is an essential chemical building block for the synthesis of numerous industrial products, and has the potential of becoming an alternative fuel. In this study, a simulation of methanol production process was carried out using Aspen Plus software. The process involves two stages, namely syngas production through the dry reforming of methane (DRM) in a reformer reactor and the actual methanol production by the conversion of the syngas obtained. Plug reactor unit operation was employed for the conversion of syngas from the DRM reactor to methanol. Thereafter, the influence of various operating parameters including DRM temperature, plug reactor specification temperature, and pressure effects was studied via the model analysis tool. A rundown of the optimal conditions obtained are DRM temperature of 1050 °C for better conversion of feed and minimal carbon deposit, CH4/CO2 ratio of 0.71, plug reactor constant temperature of 198 °C for optimum methanol yield (4600 kmol) for the given gaseous feed flow rates (5000 kmol/h methane and 7000 kmol/h CO2).
The optimization of biodiesel production from transesterification of sesame oil via applying ultrasound-assisted techniques: comparison of RSM and ANN–PSO hybrid model
Authors: Soltani Hadi , Karimi Asadollah , Falahatpisheh Sahar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Due to the finite source of fossil fuels and their high emissions, it is remarkable to recognize appropriate ways to produce alternative fuels with less pollution. In this paper, the production of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) from transesterification of methanol with sesame oil under ultrasound-assisted waves (using a homogeneous sodium hydroxide catalyst) was investigated. In addition, the optimization and prediction of biodiesel production was studied and compared with the two methods of response surface methodology (RSM) and the combined model of artificial neural network (ANN) – particle swarm algorithm (PSO). The central composite design (CCD) was used to investigate the effect of independent variables (methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst percentage, reaction time and temperature) on the yield of biodiesel in Expert Design software. Analysis of experimental results was performed using RSM and ANN–PSO hybrid methods and also the optimal conditions for maximizing the yield were calculated. The highest yield of biodiesel predicted by RSM and ANN–PSO were 87.4 and 90.58%, respectively. RSM and ANN–PSO hybrid models were compared based on least squared errors statistically. The correlation coefficients in the RSM and ANN–PSO hybrid models were 0.959 and 0.999 respectively. While both models demonstrated a good agreement with actual results, but the ANN–PSO hybrid model had a powerful prediction for the optimal points over the RSM.
Biochemical unity revisited: microbial central carbon metabolism holds new discoveries, multi-tasking pathways, and redundancies with a reason
Authors: Schada von Borzyskowski Lennart , Bernhardsgrütter Iria , Erb Tobias J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor a long time, our understanding of metabolism has been dominated by the idea of biochemical unity, i.e., that the central reaction sequences in metabolism are universally conserved between all forms of life. However, biochemical research in the last decades has revealed a surprising diversity in the central carbon metabolism of different microorganisms. Here, we will embrace this biochemical diversity and explain how genetic redundancy and functional degeneracy cause the diversity observed in central metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, autotrophic CO2fixation, and acetyl-CoA assimilation. We conclude that this diversity is not the exception, but rather the standard in microbiology.
Thiol-based switching mechanisms of stress-sensing chaperones
Authors: Ulrich Kathrin , Schwappach Blanche , Jakob Ursula 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Thiol-based redox switches evolved as efficient post-translational regulatory mechanisms that enable individual proteins to rapidly respond to sudden environmental changes. While some protein functions need to be switched off to save resources and avoid potentially error-prone processes, protective functions become essential and need to be switched on. In this review, we focus on thiol-based activation mechanisms of stress-sensing chaperones. Upon stress exposure, these chaperones convert into high affinity binding platforms for unfolding proteins and protect cells against the accumulation of potentially toxic protein aggregates. Their chaperone activity is independent of ATP, a feature that becomes especially important under oxidative stress conditions, where cellular ATP levels drop and canonical ATP-dependent chaperones no longer operate. Vice versa, reductive inactivation and substrate release require the restoration of ATP levels, which ensures refolding of client proteins by ATP-dependent foldases. We will give an overview over the different strategies that cells evolved to rapidly increase the pool of ATP-independent chaperones upon oxidative stress and provide mechanistic insights into how stress conditions are used to convert abundant cellular proteins into ATP-independent holding chaperones.
Perceived partner humor use and relationship satisfaction in romantic pairs: The mediating role of relational uncertainty
Authors: Miczo Nathan , Averbeck Josh M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigated relational uncertainty as a mechanism through which perceived partner humor use affects recipient’s relationship satisfaction. Two hundred individuals completed measures of their partners’ perceived positive and negative humor use, their relational uncertainty and relationship satisfaction. Results reveal that perceived partner’s positive relational humor use predicted greater relationship satisfaction, and perceived partner’s negative relational humor use predicted diminished relationship satisfaction. Further, relational uncertainty mediated relationships between perceived partner positive humor and satisfaction and perceived partner negative humor and satisfaction.
Quadratic refinements of Young type inequalities
Authors: Ren Yonghui , Li Pengtong , Hong Guoqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we mainly give some quadratic refinements of Young type inequalities. Namely:

(
v
a
+
(
1
−
v
)
b

)

2

−
v

∑

j
=
1

N

2

j

(

b
−

a

b

2

j

−
1

2

j

)

2

≤
(

a

v

b

1
−
v

)

2

+

v

2

(
a
−
b

)

2

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
(va+(1-v)b)^{2}-v{{\sum\limits_{j=1}^N}}2^{j}\Big(b- \sqrt[2^{j}]{ab^{2^{j}-1} }\, \Big)^{2}\leq(a^{v}b^{1-v})^{2}+v^{2}(a-b)^{2}
\end{array}$$

for v ∉ [0,

1

2

N
+
1

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\frac{1}{2^{N+1}}
\end{array}$

], N ∈ ℕ, a, b > 0; and

(
v
a
+
(
1
−
v
)
b

)

2

−
(
1
−
v
)

∑

j
=
1

N

2

j

(

a
−

a

2

j

−
1

b

2

j

)

2

≤
(

a

v

b

1
−
v

)

2

+
(
1
−
v

)

2

(
a
−
b

)

2

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
(va+(1-v)b)^{2}-(1-v){{\sum\limits_{j=1}^N}}2^{j}\Big(a- \sqrt[2^{j}]{a^{2^{j}-1}b}\, \Big)^{2}\leq(a^{v}b^{1-v})^{2}+(1-v)^{2}(a-b)^{2}
\end{array}$$

for v ∉ [1 −

1

2

N
+
1

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\frac{1}{2^{N+1}}
\end{array}$

, 1], N ∈ ℕ, a, b > 0. As an application of these scalars results, we obtain some matrix inequalities for operators and Hilbert-Schmidt norms.
Properties and methods of estimation for a bivariate exponentiated Fréchet distribution
Authors: Saboor Abdus , Bakouch Hassan S. , Moala Fernando A. , Hussain Sheraz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a bivariate extension of exponentiated Fréchet distribution is introduced, namely a bivariate exponentiated Fréchet (BvEF) distribution whose marginals are univariate exponentiated Fréchet distribution. Several properties of the proposed distribution are discussed, such as the joint survival function, joint probability density function, marginal probability density function, conditional probability density function, moments, marginal and bivariate moment generating functions. Moreover, the proposed distribution is obtained by the Marshall-Olkin survival copula. Estimation of the parameters is investigated by the maximum likelihood with the observed information matrix. In addition to the maximum likelihood estimation method, we consider the Bayesian inference and least square estimation and compare these three methodologies for the BvEF. A simulation study is carried out to compare the performance of the estimators by the presented estimation methods. The proposed bivariate distribution with other related bivariate distributions are fitted to a real-life paired data set. It is shown that, the BvEF distribution has a superior performance among the compared distributions using several tests of goodness–of–fit.
Existence and Hyers-Ulam stability results for a class of fractional order delay differential equations with non-instantaneous impulses
Authors: Luo Danfeng , Luo Zhiguo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we mainly consider the existence and Hyers-Ulam stability of solutions for a class of fractional differential equations involving time-varying delays and non-instantaneous impulses. By the Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem, we present the new constructive existence results for the addressed equation. In addition, we deduce that the equations have Hyers-Ulam stable solutions by utilizing generalized Grönwall’s inequality. Some results in this literature are new and improve some early conclusions.
Design and Hydrodynamic Performance of a Horizontal Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine
Authors: Nachtane M. , Tarfaoui M. , El Moumen A. , Saifaoui D. , Benyahia H. 
Published: September 2020

Marine energy is gaining more and more interest in recent years and, in comparison to fossil energy, is very attractive due to predictable energy output, renewable and sustainable, the Horizontal Axis Hydrokinetic Turbine (HAHT) is one of the most innovative energy systems that allow transforms the kinetic energy into electricity. This work presents a new series of hydrofoil sections, named here NTSXX20, and was designed to work at different turbine functioning requirement. These hydrofoils have excellent hydrodynamic characteristics at the operating Reynolds number. The design of the turbine has been done utilising XFLR5 code and QBlade which is a Blade-Element Momentum solver with a blade design feature. Tidal current turbine has been able to capture about 50% from TSR range of 5 to 9 with maximum CPower of 51 % at TSR=6,5. The hydrodynamics performance for the CFD cases was presented and was employed to explain the complete response of the turbine.
Evolutionary Dynamics of Transposable Elements Following a Shared Polyploidization Event in the Tribe Andropogoneae
Authors: Ramachandran Dhanushya , McKain Michael R , Kellogg Elizabeth A , Hawkins Jennifer S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBoth polyploidization and transposable element (TE) activity are known to be major drivers of plant genome evolution. Here, we utilize the Zea-Tripsacum clade to investigate TE activity and accumulation after a shared polyploidization event. Comparisons of TE evolutionary dynamics in various Zea and Tripsacum species, in addition to two closely related diploid species, Urelytrum digitatum and Sorghum bicolor, revealed variation in repeat content among all taxa included in the study. The repeat composition of Urelytrum is more similar to that of Zea and Tripsacum compared to Sorghum, despite the similarity in genome size with the latter. Although LTR-retrotransposons were abundant in all species, we observed an expansion of the copia superfamily, specifically in Z. mays and T. dactyloides, species that have adapted to more temperate environments. Additional analyses of the genomic distribution of these retroelements provided evidence of biased insertions near genes involved in various biological processes including plant development, defense, and macromolecule biosynthesis. Specifically, copia insertions in Zea and T. dactyloides were significantly enriched near genes involved in abiotic stress response, suggesting independent evolution post Zea-Tripsacum divergence. The lack of copia insertions near the orthologous genes in S. bicolor suggests that duplicate gene copies generated during polyploidization may offer novel neutral sites for TEs to insert, thereby providing an avenue for subfunctionalization via TE insertional mutagenesis.
META ANALISIS PEMENUHAN HAK ASIMILASI NARAPIDANA
Authors: EFRILIAWATI TRIE 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. From the research that has been conducted by the cadets of Akademi Ilmu Pemasyarakatan (AKIP) for ten years from 2007 to 2017, the authors found that the problems in implementing assimilation in prisons tend not to change. Whereas the regulations on assimilation have been amended twice in the last ten years. The theory that I use in this research is organizational theory. Through the theory, the author wants to link the reintegration of prisoners as the goal of the correctional system with policies governing the fulfillment of prisoners' assimilation rights. From the many problems faced by prisons in fulfilling the assimilation rights of prisoners, it can be concluded that these problems basically arise from three aspects: 1) organization, 2) human resources, and 3) society. Prisons will continue to face these problems as in the past ten years if the Government does not immediately take the right policy. Abstrak. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh taruna Akademi Ilmu Pemasyarakatan (AKIP) selama sepuluh tahun sejak 2007 hingga 2017, penulis menemukan bahwa permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan asimilasi di lapas cenderung tidak berubah. Padahal peraturan tentang pemberian asimilasi itu sudah diubah sebanyak dua kali dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Teori yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah teori organisasi. Melalui teori ini, penulis ingin mengaitkan reintegrasi narapidana sebagai tujuan sistem pemasyarakatan dengan kebijakan yang mengatur tentang pelaksanaan pemenuhan hak asimilasi narapidana. Dari sekian banyak permasalahan yang dihadapi lapas dalam melaksanakan pemenuhan hak asimilasi narapidana, dapat disimpulkan bahwa masalah-masalah tersebut pada dasarnya timbul dari tiga aspek yaitu 1) organisasi, 2) sumber daya manusia, dan 3) masyarakat. Adapun masalah-masalah ini akan terus dihadapi lapas seperti sepuluh tahun belakangan jika Pemerintah tidak segera mengambil kebijakan yang tepat.
MÁXIMA VULNERABILIDAD HUMANA EN SANTO DOMINGO DE HEREDIA MAXIMUM HUMAN VULNERABILITY IN SANTO DOMINGO DE HEREDIA
Authors: Reyes Cháves Jonnathan , Fernández Arce Mario 
Published: September 2020

El Preventec y la Escuela de Geografía unieron esfuerzos para realizar un análisis global de vulnerabilidadante amenazas tanto naturales como antrópicas en el cantón de Santo Domingo de Heredia.Para ello se evaluaron 27 indicadores de vulnerabilidad y se determinaron las áreas más vulnerablesdel cantón. El trabajo se llevó a cabo porque en Santo Domingo hay amenazas que han causado severodaño a los asentamientos humanos pero nunca se ha hecho una estimación de los elementos vulnerablesen dicho cantón. El fin de la investigación es identificar las zonas más vulnerables y guiar los esfuerzoshacia ellas para reducir la susceptibilidad de la población al impacto de las amenazas. Para cumplirla meta, en cada Unidad Geoestadística Mínima (UGM) de Santo Domingo se obtuvo un índice de vulnerabilidad de valor entre 0 y 1, siendo 1 el máximo valor de vulnerabilidad. Posteriormente, las áreascríticas se graficaron en un mapa. Los resultados sugieren que Santo Domingo es un cantón de bajavulnerabilidad y que las áreas críticas están restringidas a zonas inundables donde los asentamientoshumanos tienen gran exposición física y poco recurso económico.
LENGUAJES JUVENILES: EL DANCEHALL, ¿RUPTURA O AFIANZAMIENTO IDEOLÓGICO? YOUTH LANGUAGES: THE DANCEHALL, RUPTURE OR IDEOLOGICAL STRENGTHENING?
Authors: Ulloa Brenes Gilbert 
Published: September 2020

En este artículo se discute sobre el vínculo entre el lenguaje y la ideología en los jóvenes y su posiblerelación con una mentalidad estereotípica en la sociedad costarricense, a partir de una aproximaciónanalítico-temática a la letra de una canción perteneciente al género musical llamado Dancehall. Seplantea que el lenguaje de este tipo de música: a) manifiesta una estrategia de encriptado que limita elacceso de otros grupos sociales a esta cultura juvenil y gesta modificaciones lingüísticas y culturales delargo plazo, aunque, b) en el nivel temático no discrepa de otras expresiones culturales costarricensespor cuanto perpetúa ciertas visiones de mundo estereotipadas. Para este análisis se seguirá una perspectiva histórico-cultural sobre la relación entre pensamiento y lenguaje, y se aplicará un método deanálisis temático para la interpretación de la letra de la canción seleccionada. Por tratarse del estudiode una expresión cultural específica y del análisis de una canción particular, las conclusiones derivadasde este estudio forman parte de una hipótesis de trabajo para ulteriores investigaciones sobre la relaciónentre el lenguaje y la ideología en colectivos juveniles.
RETOS DE LA FORMACIÓN EN PSICOLOGÍA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA FRENTE A LOS POSIBLES ESCENARIOS FUTUROS
Authors: Salazar Mora Zaida 
Published: September 2020

En la actualidad, el avance del modelo neoliberal presenta retos que la Universidad Pública debe enfrentar. Estos ameritan reflexionar sobre los futuros escenarios de la sociedad y el rol que deberán desempeñar las y los profesionales en Psicología. En este artículo se presentan las principales conclusiones de las entrevistas llevadas a cabo con cuatro profesionales en Psicología de amplia trayectoria y diversas perspectivas teóricas sobre los posibles escenarios, retos y competencias que deberá enfrentar la disciplina. Las conclusiones destacan el impacto de las tecnologías de la comunicación en la sociedad futura, así como los retos de la Psicología en cuanto a formar profesionales con conciencia social, pensamiento crítico y habilidades para desarrollar modalidades de intervención más comunitarias. Asimismo, se evidencia la importancia del desarrollo de la capacidad para trabajar en equipos inter disciplinarios, la cual ha sido dejada de lado en los programas de formación. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre el papel que la Universidad Pública debe jugar para la consecución de una Psicología costarricense que propicie la transformación que la sociedad necesita para alcanzar un adecuado abordaje de la salud mental y el bienestar.
ENTRE SURCOS DE PIÑA: RESISTIENDO EL TIEMPO ESCLAVO EN EL MONOCULTIVO
Authors: Segura Hernández Gabriela 
Published: September 2020

Algunas personas se enorgullecen de que lleve sello costarricense, pero ¿qué se esconde detrás de la dulce piña que se come en Estados Unidos y otros países del mundo? Como parte del trabajo realizadocon la colaboración del Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Universidad de Costa Rica, en el presente artículo se sistematizan los principales hallazgos de la investigación titulada “Más allá del trabajo asalariado: Implicaciones sociales en el uso del tiempo no remunerado de trabajadoras y trabajadores vinculados al monocultivo de piña en la comunidad de Pital de San Carlos, realizada en los años 2012-2013”. Con lo cual, se pretende mostrar algunas repercusiones que impactan a los peones agrícolas de la agroindustria piñera, ya que las condiciones laborales en las que se insertan se caracterizan por ser sumamente hostiles; debido, entre otros aspectos, a las extensas jornadas laborales a las que se supeditan y que les recorta el tiempo destinado a participar en espacios de interacción social como la familia o la comunidad; siendo una realidad, que se les condicione la satisfacción de sus necesidades subjetivas. Por tanto, en el artículo se reúnen los testimonios de cinco hombres y cinco mujeres, así como de sus familias, quienes por medio de entrevistas a profundidad dieron a conocer las limitaciones a las que se enfrentan día a día, producto del trabajo en las empresas piñeras.
IMPLEMENTASI COMMUNITY LANGUAGE LEARNING DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Kosim Nanang , Gusmiati Ami 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertolak dari penggunaan metode pengajaran bahasa Arab yang masih menggunakan metode klasik. Hal itu nampak dimana metode tersebut digunakan di berbagai sekolah dan pesantren dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Metode kaidah terjemah dianggap sebagai metode yang terbaik dalam pengajaran bahasa Arab.Pada penelitian ini peneliti akan menyampaikan metode baru dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab yang lebih didasarkan pada keaktifan siswa. Dengan kata lain pembelajaran pada metode ini lebih difokuskan pada kerjasama antarsiswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendekatan, metode, dan teknik pengajaran bahasa Arab dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran bahasa yang bersifat komunitas;Community Language Learning (CLL). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis teori. Adapun hasil penelitiannya bahwa pendekatan yang digunakan pada metode ini adalah pendekatan kolaboratif, sedangkan metode dan teknik pembelajarnnya lebih menekankan pada keaktifan siswa dan guru berperan sebagai pemberi solusi atas semua permasalahan siswa