bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Facial Asymmetry on the Surgical Outcome of Crooked Nose: A Case Control Study
Authors: Dasdar Shayan , Kianfar Nika , Sadeghi Mohammad , Saedi Babak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFacial asymmetry is considered a reason for patient dissatisfaction with the outcome of rhinoplasty.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of facial asymmetry on patient postoperative satisfaction with crooked nose and to investigate the relationship between visual perception of asymmetry and anthropometric measurements.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 61 rhinoplasty patients with crooked noses were assessed. Utilizing frontal view photos, pre- and postoperative nasal deviation angles were calculated. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the visual presence of facial asymmetry. Moreover, anthropometric characteristics of the face were evaluated utilizing facial soft tissue landmarks. Patient satisfaction with surgery outcomes, including both aesthetic and functional aspects, was assessed employing the Persian version of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey.ResultsBased on the observations, 19 (30.2%) and 44 (69.8%) patients had I-type and C-type noses, respectively. In both groups, the deviation angle decreased significantly postoperatively (P &lt; 0.001). Regarding the subjective evaluation of facial asymmetry, 22 (34.9%) and 41 (65.1%) cases had symmetric and asymmetric faces, respectively. Anthropometric measurements were also consistent with visual assessments of asymmetry. Satisfaction scores were significantly higher after surgery in all patients; however, there was no significant difference in the mean aesthetic improvement between symmetric (15.83 ± 2.68) and asymmetric faces (15.23 ± 4.46) (P = 0.531). The power of study was 97.8%.ConclusionsRhinoplasty in patients with deviated noses and asymmetric faces may have comparable results with symmetric ones.Level of Evidence: 4
Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Peru and Uganda
Authors: Huaman Moises A , De Cecco Carlo N , Bittencourt Marcio S , Ticona Eduardo , Kityo Cissy , Ballena Isabel , Nalukwago Sophie , Nazzinda Rashidah , Ticona Cesar , Azañero Ruben , Zhang Bin , Farquhar Carey , Hawn Thomas R , Sterling Timothy R , Fichtenbaum Carl J , Longenecker Chris T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) has been linked to an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We assessed whether latent TB infection (LTBI) is associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in 2 TB-prevalent areas.

Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data from studies conducted in Lima, Peru, and Kampala, Uganda. Individuals ≥40 years old were included. We excluded persons with known history of ASCVD events or active TB. Participants underwent QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) testing to define LTBI and computed tomography angiography to examine coronary atherosclerosis. A Coronary Artery Disease–Reporting Data System (CAD-RADS) score ≥3 defined obstructive CAD (plaque causing ≥50% stenosis).

Results
113 and 91 persons with and without LTBI, respectively, were included. There were no significant differences between LTBI and non-LTBI participants in terms of age (median [interquartile range]; 56 [51–62] vs 55 [49–64] years; P = .829), male sex (38% vs 42%; P = .519), or 10-year ASCVD risk scores (7.1 [3.2–11.7] vs 6.1 [2.8–1.8]; P = .533). CAD prevalence (any plaque) was similar between groups (29% vs 24%; P = .421). Obstructive CAD was present in 9% of LTBI and 3% of non-LTBI individuals (P = .095). LTBI was associated with obstructive CAD after adjusting for ASCVD risk score, HIV status, and study site (adjusted OR, 4.96; 95% CI, 1.05–23.44; P = .043). Quantitative QFT TB antigen minus Nil interferon-γ responses were associated with obstructive CAD (adjusted OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.03–1.41; P = .022).

Conclusions
LTBI was independently associated with an increased likelihood of subclinical obstructive CAD. Our data indicate that LTBI is a nontraditional correlate of ASCVD risk.
The Relationship Between theg-Extra Connectivity and theg-Extra Diagnosability of Networks Under the MM* Model
Authors: Yuan Jun , Liu Aixia , Wang Xi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMotivated by $g$-extra connectivity, the $g$-extra diagnosability is proposed as a better and more realistic measurement for fault diagnosis of interconnection networks, which is defined as the maximum number of faulty vertices that can be identified when each remaining component has no fewer $g+1$ vertices. Under the MM* model, a variety of interconnection networks’ $g$-extra diagnosability have been investigated, such as hypercube, folded hypercube, $(n,k)$-star network, alternating group graph, etc. These results mostly share similar derivation processes to derive the $g$-extra diagnosability of involved networks by using the $g$-extra connectivity. Therefore, a general approach to derive the $g$-extra diagnosability of a network from its $g$-extra connectivity was investigated in (Wang, S. Y. and Wang, M. (2019) The $g$-good-neighbor and $g$-extra diagnosability of networks. Theor. Comput. Sci., 773, 107–114) and (Huang, Y. Z., Lin, L. M. and Xu, L. (2020) A new proof for exact relationship between extra connectivity and extra diagnosability of regular connected graphs under MM* model. Theor. Comput. Sci., 828–829, 70–80). However, there are some shortcomings in both references. By summarizing the existing shared practices, we propose a new relationship between the $g$-extra connectivity and the $g$-extra diagnosability of networks under the MM* model. As applications, we derive the $g$-extra diagnosability of bijective connection networks and $(n,k)$-star graphs.
W(h)ither Media Events? Building a Typology for Theorizing Exceptional Events that Break with the Norm in a Complex Media Landscape
Authors: Skey Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a new typology for understanding events or programs that represent exceptions to the norm in that they interrupt media schedules and/or monopolize coverage across numerous platforms and capture public attention for short periods of time. First the master category of exceptional mediated event is introduced and four main categories identified, media events, media disasters, news events and pseudo-events. Then, a primary distinction is drawn between those that interrupt mainstream programming and those that interrupt specialist news channels or are staged for publicity purposes by media producers. This typology builds on recent responses to Dayan and Katz’s (1992) classic study of Media Events but argues that rather than expanding conceptual categories, specific analytical tools—that focus on temporality, organization, scale, liveness and genre—are required to make sense of an increasingly complex, and competitive, media landscape
Myocardial rupture and systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report
Authors: Neto Ana , Torres Sofia , Pissarra Diana , Vasconcelos Gisela 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Systemic erythematous lupus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, even in young patients.

Case summary
A young female with recently diagnosed SLE under corticotherapy developed pulmonary oedema and respiratory failure. The diagnostic workup revealed mildly elevated cardiac troponin, significantly elevated NT-proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and mild pericardial effusion without other echocardiographic abnormalities. Systemic erythematous lupus-associated myocarditis was presumed, and her clinical status improved after corticotherapy intensification. However, transthoracic echocardiogram repeated days later revealed a large pericardial effusion with findings suggestive of a contained myocardial rupture originating in the inferolateral basal left ventricular (LV) segment, which was confirmed by computed tomography scan. Cardiac catheterization exhibited normal coronary arteries. The patient was submitted to cardiac surgery and the LV pseudoaneurysm was successfully repaired.

Discussion
Myocardial rupture with LV pseudoaneurysm formation usually occurs in the setting of acute myocardial infarction, but also in other rare contexts. Cardiac rupture is associated with an extremely high mortality unless early diagnosis and urgent surgical intervention are provided.
Daughters and Divorce
Authors: Kabátek Jan , Ribar David C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Are couples with daughters more likely to divorce than couples with sons? Using Dutch registry and US survey data, we show that couples with daughters face higher risks of divorce, but only when daughters are 13- to 18-years-old. These age-specific results run counter to explanations involving overarching, time-invariant preferences for sons and sex-selection into live birth. We propose another explanation that involves relationship strains in families with teenage daughters. In subsample analyses, we find larger child-gender differences in divorce risks for parents whose attitudes towards gender-roles are likely to differ from those of their daughters and partners. We also find survey evidence of relationship strains in families with teenage daughters.
Incidence and management of acute otitis media in adults: a primary care-based cohort study
Authors: Rijk Merijn H , Hullegie Saskia , Schilder Anne G M , Kortekaas Marlous F , Damoiseaux Roger A M J , Verheij Theo J M , Venekamp Roderick P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Although primarily considered a childhood disease, acute otitis media (AOM) also occurs in adults. Data on the burden of this condition in adults are, however, scarce.

Objective
To explore the primary care incidence and current management of AOM in adults.

Methods
All patients aged 15 and older included in the routine health care database of the Julius General Practitioners’ Network were followed from 2015 to 2018 (contributing to a total of 1 261 575 person-years). We extracted data on AOM episodes, AOM-related consultations, comorbidities, and antibiotic and analgesic prescriptions.

Results
Five thousand three hundred and fifty-eight patients experienced one or more AOM episodes (total number of AOM episodes: 6667; mean 1.2 per patient). The overall AOM incidence was 5.3/1000 person-years and was fairly stable over the study period. Incidence was particularly high in atopic patients (7.3/1000 person-years) and declined with age (from 7.1 in patients 15–39 years of age to 2.7/1000 person-years in those aged 64 years and older). Oral antibiotics, predominantly amoxicillin, were prescribed in 46%, and topical antibiotics in 21% of all episodes.

Conclusion
Over the past years, the incidence of AOM in adults in primary care has been stable. Oral antibiotic prescription rates resemble those in children with AOM, whereas a remarkably high topical antibiotic prescription rate was observed. Future prognostic research should inform on the need and feasibility of prospective studies into the best management strategy in this condition.
Family Caregiving and Place of Death: Insights From Cross-national Analysis of the Harmonized End-of-Life Data
Authors: Ailshire Jennifer , Osuna Margarita , Wilkens Jenny , Lee Jinkook 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Family is largely overlooked in research on factors associated with place of death among older adults. We determine if family caregiving at the end of life is associated with place of death in the United States and Europe.

Method
We use the Harmonized End of Life data sets developed by the Gateway to Global Aging Data for the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). We conducted multinomial logistic regression on 7,113 decedents from 18 European countries and 3,031 decedents from the United States to determine if family caregiving, defined based on assistance with activities of daily living, was associated with death at home versus at a hospital or nursing home.

Results
Family caregiving was associated with reduced odds of dying in a hospital and nursing home, relative to dying at home in both the United States and Europe. Care from a spouse/partner or child/grandchild was both more common and more strongly associated with place of death than care from other relatives. Associations between family caregiving and place of death were generally consistent across European welfare regimes.

Discussion
This cross-national examination of family caregiving indicates that family-based support is universally important in determining where older adults die. In both the United States and in Europe, most care provided during a long-term illness or disability is provided by family caregivers, and it is clear families exert tremendous influence on place of death.
Prolonged Physical Inactivity in Older Adult Couples: A Dyadic Analysis Using Actigraphy
Authors: Wu Chao-Yi , Miller Lyndsey M , Wall Rachel N , Beattie Zachary T , Silbert Lisa C , Kaye Jeffrey A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Many older adults remain inactive despite the known positive health implications of physical activity (improved mood, reduced mortality risk). Physical inactivity is an interdependent phenomenon in couples, but most research examines physical inactivity at the individual level. We estimated the average amount of prolonged physical inactivity for older adult couples and, using dyadic analysis, identified physical and mental health determinants thereof.

Research Design and Methods
Forty-six heterosexual older adult couples (age = 70.61 ± 6.56) from the Veterans Integrated Service Network 20 cohort of the Collaborative Aging Research using Technology (CART) initiative were included. The average number per day of prolonged inactive periods (no step counts or sleep activity for ≥30 min) was estimated using actigraphy data collected over a month.

Results
Multilevel modeling revealed that, within couples, there was no significant difference between partners in the average amount of inactive periods (p = .28). On average across couples, males and females had an average of 6.90 ± 2.02 and 6.56 ± 1.93 inactive periods per day, respectively. For males, older age was the only variable associated with more inactive periods (β = 0.15, p = .002). For females, having more depressive symptoms in both dyad members was associated with fewer inactive periods (female: β = −0.30, p = .03; male: β = −0.41, p &lt; .001), and more dependence in completing their own instrumental activities of daily living predicted more inactive periods (β = 2.58, p &lt; .001).

Discussion and Implications
Viewing couples’ activity as an interdependent phenomenon, rather than individual, provides a novel approach to identifying pathways to reduce inactivity in older adults, especially when focusing on the mental health and level of independence within the couple.
A consistent and high-quality M4+ earthquake catalogue for Turkey 2007–2016 from two independent catalogues
Authors: Rojo Limón G , Kissling E , Ouillon G , Sornette D 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYWe describe the process of pairing M4+ earthquakes reported in the routine catalogues of two seismic networks in Turkey and present the resulting products: (i) hypocentre locations and magnitudes and (ii) minimum 1-D velocity model with station delays for the combined station network. The two networks are the Kandilli Observatory (KOERI) and the National Earthquake Department (AFAD) and the data cover the decade 2007–2016. The seismic stations of these two networks spatially overlap within Turkey, and with their average station spacing of about 60 km, they potentially detect all events of magnitude ≥4 independently. We first obtain separate AFAD and KOERI catalogues using a series of joint hypocentre inversions that allow us to detect outliers and problematic events. We establish separate minimum 1-D velocity models and station delays for each catalogue and reduce the average inversion residuals by 75 per cent compared to our first joint hypocentre inversion using the original catalogue event locations. We then pair M4+ events from AFAD (1219) and KOERI (1271) catalogues using a spatiotemporal window and test if the combined observations indeed belong to the same event. In these tests, we compare the hypocentre location residuals of the combined observations to those of the two individual events, apply epicentral distance limits between the individual and the paired events and assess qualitatively a simple probabilistic solution of the events. As a result, we get 1145 paired events. We finally obtain a minimum 1-D velocity model with delays for all seismic stations of AFAD and KOERI combined and relocate the entire set of events. These include all paired events plus M4+ earthquakes reported by AFAD or KOERI that could not be paired (500). The velocity model has a well-defined Moho at a depth of 32 km. The station delays for both networks regionally correspond very well and exhibit some correlation with the regional subsurface temperature field. The well-locatable hypocentres of the new M4+ catalogue have an epicentre uncertainty of 3 km and a depth uncertainty of 4 km. We ascribe to each paired earthquake a magnitude equal to the average of the reported magnitudes by AFAD and KOERI. The new magnitude frequency distribution is similar to those of AFAD and KOERI for M4+ events. Except for events of magnitude larger than 5.5, there is no systematic bias in the magnitudes reported by AFAD and by KOERI, and the standard deviation is 0.3.
Creating supportive eating places: a systematic review of food service initiatives
Authors: Carins Julia , Pang Bo , Willmott Taylor , Knox Kathy , Storr Ryan , Robertson Dianne , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn , Pettigrew Simone 
Published: December 2020

Summary
Obesity and diet-related health problems are complex, multi-factorial issues. Individual food choices are shaped by the wider context, and food environment level change is needed to support individual behaviour change. The food service sector can play an integral role, changing aspects of the food environment and contributing to improved consumer health. This systematic review aimed to analyse food service schemes that aimed to improve consumer health. Ten electronic databases were systematically searched to identify articles, supplemented with checking of reference lists from similar reviews and forward and backward searches to identify articles describing food service sector schemes. Sixteen schemes were identified, documented in 36 articles/reports. The schemes aimed to improve consumer health through one of three approaches—informing, enabling or engineering. In this order, these approaches involved increasing levels of effort from food services, corresponding with decreasing levels of effort for consumers. Half the schemes were informing, relying on an informed consumer to make a healthy choice. Most informing schemes had been evaluated to determine their impact on consumer choice and/or health, the evidence showed these schemes were generally ineffective. The effect of the enabling or engineering schemes on consumer choice and health had not been measured. Instead, evaluations focussed on process or business engagement rather than behavioural change assessments. This review indicates the food sector has the potential to contribute to consumer health through enabling and engineering; however, detailed outcome assessments are needed to draw definitive conclusions.
A Liouville-Type Theorem for the Lane–Emden Equation in a Half-space
Authors: Dupaigne Louis , Sirakov Boyan , Souplet Philippe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe prove that the Dirichlet problem for the Lane–Emden equation in a half-space has no positive solution that is monotone in the normal direction. As a consequence, this problem does not admit any positive classical solution that is bounded on finite strips. This question has a long history and our result solves a long-standing open problem. Such a nonexistence result was previously available only for bounded solutions or under a restriction on the power in the nonlinearity. The result extends to general convex nonlinearities.
Enzymatic Debridement for Burn Wound Care: Interrater Reliability and Impact of Experience in Post-intervention Therapy Decision
Authors: Siegwart Laura C , Böcker Arne H , Diehm Yannick F , Kotsougiani-Fischer Dimitra , Erdmann Stella , Ziegler Benjamin , Kneser Ulrich , Hirche Christoph , Fischer Sebastian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Enzymatic debridement (ED) has become a reliable tool for eschar removal. Although ED application is simple, wound bed evaluation and therapy decision post-intervention are prone to subjectivity and failure. Experience in ED might be the key, but this has not been proven yet. The aim of this study was to assess interrater reliability (IR) in post-intervention wound bed evaluation and therapy decision as well as the impact of experience. In addition, the authors introduce video assessment as a valuable tool for post-ED decision-making and education. A video-based survey was conducted among physicians with various experiences in ED. The survey involved multiple-choice and 5-point Likert scale questions about professional status, experience in ED, confidence in post-ED wound bed evaluation, and therapy decision. Subsequently, videos of 15 mixed pattern to full-thickness burns immediately after removal of the enzyme complex were demonstrated. Participants were asked for evaluation of each burn wound, including bleeding pattern and consequent therapy decision. IR ≥ 80% was considered as a consensus. Responses were stratified according to participants’ experience in applying ED (&lt;10, 10–19, 20–49, and ≥50 applications). IR was assessed by chi-square test (raw agreement [RA]; ≥80% was considered as a consensus) and by calculation of Krippendorff’s alpha. In addition, expert consensus for therapy decision was compared with the actual clinical course of each shown patient. Last, participants were asked for their opinion on video as an assessment tool for post-ED wound bed evaluation, decision-making, and training. Thirty-one physicians from 11 burn centers participated in the survey. The overall consensus (raw agreement [RA] ≥ 80%) in post-ED wound bed evaluation and therapy decision was achieved in 20 and 40%, respectively. Krippendorff’s alpha is given by 0.32 (95% confidence interval: 0.15, 0.49) and 0.31 (95% confidence interval: 0.16, 0.47), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that physicians with high experience in ED achieved significantly more consensus in post-intervention wound bed evaluation and therapy decision compared with physicians with moderate experience (60 vs 13.3%; P = .02 and 86.7 vs 33.3%; P = .04, respectively). Video analysis was considered a feasible (90.3%) and beneficial (93.5%) tool for post-intervention wound bed evaluation and therapy decision as well as useful for training purposes (100%). Reliability of wound bed evaluation and therapy decision after ED depends on the experience of the rating physician. Video analysis is deemed to be a valuable tool for ED evaluation, decision-making, and user training.