bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Projections of climatic extremes in a data poor transboundary river basin of India and Pakistan
Authors: Aslam Rana A. , Shrestha Sangam , Pal Indrajit , Ninsawat Sarawut , Shanmugam Mohana S. , Anwar Shafiq 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aims to project and characterize the climate extremes in Ravi River Basin (RRB) which is considered as a data poor transboundary basin located in India and Pakistan. Performance of the three GCDs against observation data was evaluated at three stations. A quantile mapping technique was used to correct the biases of four regional climate models (RCMs) and climate extremes were analysed for future period (2020–2095). Seven temperature and rainfall based indices that represent warm and wet characteristics of climate were chosen. Four statistical parameters and spatial maps were evaluated for the base period 1982–2005. The CPC‐NOAA and PU had the best performance for temperature and rainfall data regarding the time series analysis. The quantile mapping improved three important aspects of the climate cycle; the transitions from dry to wet and wet to dry seasons and peaks as well. At spatial scale, quantile mapping well captured the spatial distribution of the eleven indices other than RX1Day, CWD and FD0. The results show that warm and wet extremes will increase in future at 5% significance level across the entire basin with large changes in north east. The changes will be large for RCP8.5 scenario compare to RCP4.5 scenario and choice of the scenarios has dominant contribution in uncertainty than choice of the models.
American Society for Bone and Mineral Research‐Orthopaedic Research Society Joint Task Force Report on Cell‐Based Therapies – Secondary Publication
Authors: O'Keefe Regis J. , Tuan Rocky S. , Lane Nancy E. , Awad Hani A. , Barry Frank , Bunnell Bruce A. , Colnot Céline , Drake Matthew T. , Drissi Hicham , Dyment Nathaniel A. , Fortier Lisa A. , Guldberg Robert E. , Kandel Rita , Little David G. , Marshall Mary F. , Mao Jeremy J. , Nakamura Norimasa , Proffen Benedikt L. , Rodeo Scott A. , Rosen Vicki , Thomopoulos Stavros , Schwarz Edward M. , Serra Rosa 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTCell‐based therapies, defined here as the delivery of cells in vivo to treat disease, have recently gained increasing public attention as a potentially promising approach to restore structure and function to musculoskeletal tissues. Although cell‐based therapy has the potential to improve the treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, there is also the possibility of misuse and misrepresentation of the efficacy of such treatments. The medical literature contains anecdotal reports and research studies, along with web‐based marketing and patient testimonials supporting cell‐based therapy. Both the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) and the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) are committed to ensuring that the potential of cell‐based therapies is realized through rigorous, reproducible, and clinically meaningful scientific discovery. The two organizations convened a multidisciplinary and international Task Force composed of physicians, surgeons, and scientists who are recognized experts in the development and use of cell‐based therapies. The Task Force was charged with defining the state‐of‐the art in cell‐based therapies and identifying the gaps in knowledge and methodologies that should guide the research agenda. The efforts of this Task Force are designed to provide researchers and clinicians with a better understanding of the current state of the science and research needed to advance the study and use of cell‐based therapies for skeletal tissues. The design and implementation of rigorous, thorough protocols will be critical to leveraging these innovative treatments and optimizing clinical and functional patient outcomes. In addition to providing specific recommendations and ethical considerations for preclinical and clinical investigations, this report concludes with an outline to address knowledge gaps in how to determine the cell autonomous and nonautonomous effects of a donor population used for bone regeneration. © 2020 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:485–502, 2020
Value of Nutrition Support Therapy: Impact on Clinical and Economic Outcomes in the United States
Authors: Tyler Renay , Barrocas Albert , Guenter Peggi , Araujo Torres Krysmaru , Bechtold Matthew L. , Chan Lingtak‐Neander , Collier Bryan , Collins Nilsa A. , Evans David C. , Godamunne Karim , Hamilton Cindy , Hernandez Beverly J. D. , Mirtallo Jay M. , Nadeau William J. , Partridge Jamie , Perugini Moreno , Valladares Angel ,   the ASPEN Value Project Scientific Advisory Council
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveHealthcare leaders seek guidance on prudent investment in programs that improve patient outcomes and reduce costs, which includes the value of nutrition therapy. The purpose of this project was to conduct an evidence review and evaluate claims analyses to understand the financial and quality impact of nutrition support therapy on high‐priority therapeutic conditions.MethodsTask 1 included a review of existing literature from 2013 to 2018 to identify evidence that demonstrated the clinical and economic impact of nutrition intervention on patient outcomes across 13 therapeutic areas (TAs). In Task 2, analytic claims modeling was performed using the Medicare Parts A and B claims 5% sample dataset. Beneficiaries diagnosed in 5 selected TAs (sepsis, gastrointestinal [GI] cancer, hospital‐acquired infections, surgical complications, and pancreatitis) were identified in the studies from Task 1, and their care costs were modeled based on nutrition intervention.ResultsBeginning with 1099 identified articles, 43 articles met the criteria, with a final 8 articles used for the Medicare claims modeling. As examples of the modeling demonstrated, the use of advanced enteral nutrition formula could save at least $52 million annually in a sepsis population. The total projected annual cost savings from the 5 TAs was $580 million.ConclusionOverall, optimization of nutrition support therapy for specific patient populations is estimated to reduce Medicare spending by millions of dollars per year across key TAs. These findings demonstrate the evidence‐based value proposition of timely nutrition support to improve clinical outcomes and yield substantial cost savings.
Raman spectroscopy of poly (methyl methacrylate) under laser shock and static compression
Authors: Chaurasia S. , Rao Usha , Mishra Ajay K. , Sijoy C.D. , Mishra V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTime‐resolved Raman spectroscopy for visualizing molecular fingerprint snapshots at nanosecond time scale is a useful tool for detailed understanding of in situ shock behaviour of materials. This technique was applied to study the changes in molecular vibrations of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) under laser driven shock compression up to ~1.9 GPa in a confinement geometry. A layered target configuration is used to enhance the shock pressure. The vibrational modes are measured as a function of dynamic shock and static compression. The Grüneisen parameters and bond anharmonicities in PMMA are determined using compression behaviour of Raman modes. The deduced shock velocity (~3.5 ± 0.4 km/s) in PMMA based on the time evolution of shocked Raman mode at 1.9 GPa is in agreement with the one calculated (~3.7 km/s) from 1‐D radiation hydrodynamic simulations. A comparative study on shock experiment and static high pressure Raman spectroscopic measurements is done. Static pressure measurement up to ~16 GPa show rapid blue shifting of C–H stretching modes.
Artificial soil aeration increases soil bacterial diversity and tomato root performance under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Li Yuan , Niu Wenquan , Zhang Mingzhi , Wang Jingwei , Zhang Zhenxing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSoil aeration can enhance soil enzyme activity and plant growth. These effects may be caused by variations in soil microbial diversity and plant root development. However, little is known about the responses of soil microbial composition, structure, and diversity and plant root development to artificial soil aeration. The aims of this study were to examine the composition, structure, and diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities and tomato root morphology under four aeration volumes in combination with drip‐tubing placed at two different soil depths. The aeration volumes (V) were 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 times (CK, V1, V2, and V3, respectively) the standard aeration volume. The drip irrigation tube burial depths were 15 (D15) and 40 cm (D40). The results demonstrated that soil aeration had a significant influence on root performance (root morphology and activity) and soil bacterial diversity in the tomato root zone. In comparison with the CK treatment, V3 soil aeration increased root length, surface area, tip number, and activity by 7.9%, 6.3%, 14.5%, and 7.0%, respectively. The abundance‐based coverage estimator, Chao index, and Shannon diversity increased by 5.3%, 4.7%, and 3.5%, respectively. The abundance of Acidobacteria increased and that of Gammaproteobacteria decreased in response to the soil aeration treatments; conversely, Geobacteraceae and Halanaerobiaceae were eliminated. Moreover, different subsurface tubing placement depths changed the rhizosphere bacterial community. The results indicate that soil aeration ameliorates hypoxic conditions and provides benefits to soil bacterial communities and root morphology.
Synthesis, characterisation, and tribological evaluation of Mn3B7O13Cl nanoparticle as efficient antiwear lubricant in the sliding wear between tantalum strips and steel ball
Authors: Xiong Sang , Liang Dong , Wu Hao , Zhang Baosen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Mn3B7O13Cl nanoparticle (~30 nm) has been prepared by sol‐gel method and characterised by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tribological properties of prepared Mn3B7O13Cl nanoparticle and the common nano‐Cu and nano‐Fe nanoparticles as antiwear additives with various concentrations in polyalphaolefin (PAO) base oil have been investigated. PB values of nano‐Mn3B7O13Cl added oil are superior to base oil, nano‐Cu and nano‐Fe added oil with the same content, and it reaches the value of 637 N. The wear scar diameter is 0.52 mm when the concentration is only 0.2 wt.%. And meanwhile, Mn3B7O13Cl nanoparticle as efficient antiwear lubricant and commercial oil was measured in the sliding wear between tantalum strip and 52100 bearing steel ball by MFT‐3000 friction and wear tester at an optimised additive concentration (0.2 wt.%). Coefficient of friction of tantalum strips is reduced by 41.5% compared with that of the commercial oil. Surface morphology studies and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis have revealed that the prominent tribological behaviour of Mn3B7O13Cl was caused by the formation of ~ 30‐nm tribofilm made of adsorbed boron and tribosintered nano‐Mn3B7O13Cl. Therefore, Mn3B7O13Cl nanoparticle has a potential to develop as friction‐reducing and antiwear lubricant in the sliding wear between tantalum strips and steel ball to avoid the severe wear.
An Efficient Thermal Elimination Pathway toward Phosphodiester Hydrogels via a Precursor Approach
Authors: Dera Rafael , Diliën Hanne , Adriaensens Peter , Guedens Wanda , Cleij Thomas J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhosphodiester hydrogels offer a wide range of fascinating properties. Not only do they exhibit excellent hemocompatibility and cellular compatibility, they also show a remarkable resistance to protein adsorption, thereby limiting the foreign body response. In this work, phosphodiester‐crosslinked hydrogels are produced by a simple free‐radical polymerization of a phosphotriester crosslinker. In a second step, this material is transformed to the phosphodiester, by heating it up to 60 °C in phosphate‐buffered saline. Compared to earlier methods, there is no need for acids, bases, or oxidizing agents to achieve this final conversion to the phosphodiester. This method thus reduces the risk to damage or degrade any sensitive biomolecules that might be of interest to tissue engineers, such as various growth factors or other proteins. The phosphotriester crosslinker is readily synthesized out of common laboratory chemicals in multigram quantities with good yield and easy workup and purification.
Inkjet Printing of Curing Agent on Thin PDMS for Local Tailoring of Mechanical Properties
Authors: Naserifar Naser , Yerneni Saigopalakrishna S. , Weiss Lee E. , Fedder Gary K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRapid prototyping of thin, stretchable substrates with engineered stiffness gradients at desired locations has potential impact in the robustness of skin‐wearable electronics, as the gradients can inhibit cracking of interconnect and delamination of embedded electronic chips. Drop‐on‐demand inkjetting of thinned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) curing agent onto a spin‐cast 80 µm‐thick 20:1 (base: curing agent) PDMS substrate sets the elastic modulus of the subsequently cured film with sub‐millimeter accuracy. The inkjet process creates digitally defined stiffness gradient spans as small as 100 µm for single droplets. Varying the drop density results in differences in elastic modulus of up to 80%. In jetting tests of curing agent into pure base PDMS, a continuous droplet spacing of 100 µm results in smooth lines with total widths of 1 mm and a curing agent gradient span of ≈300 µm. Release of freeform mesh elastomer microstructures by removing the uncured base after selective jetting of curing agent into pure base PDMS results in structural line width resolution down to 500 µm.
Prominent White Matter Involvement in Multiple System Atrophy of Cerebellar Type
Authors: Faber Jennifer , Giordano Ilaria , Jiang Xueyan , Kindler Christine , Spottke Annika , Acosta‐Cabronero Julio , Nestor Peter J. , Machts Judith , Düzel Emrah , Vielhaber Stefan , Speck Oliver , Dudesek Ales , Kamm Christoph , Scheef Lukas , Klockgether Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSporadic degenerative ataxia patients fall into 2 major groups: multiple system atrophy with predominant cerebellar ataxia (MSA‐C) and sporadic adult‐onset ataxia (SAOA). Both groups have cerebellar volume loss, but little is known about the differential involvement of gray and white matter in MSA‐C when compared with SAOA.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to identify structural differences of brain gray and white matter between both patient groups.MethodsWe used magnetic resonance imaging to acquire T1‐weighted images and diffusion tensor images from 12 MSA‐C patients, 31 SAOA patients, and 55 healthy controls. Magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed with voxel‐based‐morphometry, tract‐based spatial statistics, and tractography‐based regional diffusion tensor images analysis.ResultsWhole‐brain and cerebellar‐focused voxel‐based‐morphometry analysis showed gray matter volume loss in both patient groups when compared with healthy controls, specifically in the cerebellar areas subserving sensorimotor functions. When compared with controls, the SAOA and MSA‐C patients showed white matter loss in the cerebellum, whereas brainstem white matter was reduced only in the MSA‐C patients. The tract‐based spatial statistics revealed reduced fractional anisotropy within the pons and cerebellum in the MSA‐C patients both in comparison with the SAOA patients and healthy controls. In addition, tractography‐based regional analysis showed reduced fractional anisotropy along the corticospinal tracts in MSA‐C, but not SAOA.ConclusionAlthough in our cohort extent and distribution of gray and white matter loss were similar between the MSA‐C and SAOA patients, magnetic resonance imaging data showed prominent microstructural white matter involvement in the MSA‐C patients that was not present in the SAOA patients. Our findings highlight the significance of microstructural white matter changes in the differentiation between both conditions. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Cardiac arrest in a mother and daughter and the identification of a novel RYR2 variant, predisposing to low penetrant catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in a four‐generation Canadian family
Authors: Tung Matthew , Van Petegem Filip , Lauson Samantha , Collier Ashley , Hodgkinson Kathy , Fernandez Bridget , Connors Sean , Leather Rick , Sanatani Shubhayan , Arbour Laura 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCatecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare inherited arrhythmia syndrome characterized by adrenergically driven ventricular arrhythmia predominantly caused by pathogenic variants in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2). We describe a novel variant associated with cardiac arrest in a mother and daughter.MethodsInitial sequencing of the RYR2 gene identified a novel variant (c.527G > T, p.R176L) in the index case (the mother), and her daughter. Structural analysis demonstrated the variant was located within the N‐terminal domain of RyR2, likely leading to a gain‐of‐function effect facilitating enhanced calcium ion release. Four generation cascade genetic and clinical screening was carried out.ResultsThirty‐eight p.R176L variant carriers were identified of 94 family members with genetic testing, and 108 family members had clinical evaluations. Twelve carriers were symptomatic with previous syncope and 2 additional survivors of cardiac arrest were identified. Thirty‐two had clinical features suggestive of CPVT. Of 52 noncarriers, 11 had experienced previous syncope with none exhibiting any clinical features of CPVT. A documented arrhythmic event rate of 2.89/1000 person‐years across all carriers was calculated.ConclusionThe substantial variability in phenotype and the lower than previously reported penetrance is illustrative of the importance of exploring family variants beyond first‐degree relatives.
Accurate Identification of Human Phosphorylated Proteins by Ensembling Supervised Kernel Self‐organizing Maps
Authors: Cui Bei‐Liang , Ding Yong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is a vital physiological process, which plays a critical role in controlling survival differentiation, cell growth, metabolism and apoptosis. The accurate identification of whether a protein will be phosphorylated solely from protein sequence is especially useful for both basic research and drug development. In this study, a new predictor specifically designed for the prediction of human phosphorylated proteins is proposed. The proposed method first train two supervised kernel self‐organizing maps (SKSOMs): one is trained with feature from protein physiochemical composition view, while the other is trained with feature from protein evolutionary information view. Then, the two trained SKSOMs are ensembled to perform the final prediction. Rigorous computational experiments show that the proposed method achieves 78.75 % and 0.561 on ACC and MCC, which are 6.96 % and 12.5 % higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art predictor. Overall, the study demonstrated a new sensitive avenue to identify human phosphorylated proteins and could be readily extended to recognize phosphorylated proteins for other species.
A technique for spatial resolution improvement in helium‐beam radiography
Authors: Amato C. , Martisikova M. , Gehrke T. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeIon‐beam radiography exhibits a significantly lower spatial resolution (SR) compared to x‐ray radiography. This is mostly due the multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) that the ions undergo in the imaged object. In this work, a novel technique to improve the spatial resolution in helium‐beam radiography was developed. Increasing helium‐beam energies were exploited in order to decrease the MCS, and therefore increase the SR.MethodsThe experimental investigation was carried out with a dedicated ion‐tracking imaging system fully composed of thin, pixelated silicon detectors (Timepix). Four helium beams with increasing energies (from 168.8 to 220.5 MeV/u) were used to image a homogeneous 160 mm PMMA phantom with a 2 mm air gap at middle depth. An energy degrader (ED) was placed between the rear tracking system and the energy‐deposition detector to compensate for the longer range associated with more energetic ions. The SR was measured for each beam energy. To take into account the overall impact on the image quality, the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), the single‐ion water equivalent thickness (WET) precision and the absorbed dose in the phantom were also evaluated as a function of the initial beam energy. FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations were used to support the conceptual design of the experimental setup and for dose estimation.ResultsIn the investigated energy interval, a total SR increase by around 30% was measured with increasing beam energy, reaching a maximum value of 0.69 lp/mm. For radiographs generated with 350 μGy of absorbed dose and 220 μm pixel size, a CNR decrease of 32% was found as the beam energy increases. For 1 mm pixel size, the CNR decreases only by 22%. The CNR of the images was always above 6. The single‐ion WET precision was found to be in a range between 1.2% and 1.5%.ConclusionsWe have experimentally shown and quantified the possibility of improving SR in helium‐beam radiography by using increasing beam energies in combination with an ED. A significant SR increase was measured with an acceptable decrease of CNR. Furthermore, we have shown that an ED can be a valuable tool to exploit increasing beam energies to generate energy‐deposition radiographs.
Relative prevalence and distribution of knee, hand and foot symptomatic osteoarthritis subtypes in an English population
Authors: Peat George , Rathod‐Mistry Trishna , Paskins Zoe , Marshall Michelle , Thomas Martin J. , Menz Hylton B. , Nicholls Elaine , Myers Helen , Duncan Rachel , van der Windt Danielle A. , Roddy Ed , Dziedzic Krysia S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this brief report, we used data from a series of three related cohorts on pain and osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, hand and foot, which were conducted in North Staffordshire, England. We used a common approach for sampling, data collection and coding, to estimate the relative prevalence of 10 different symptomatic radiographic OA subtypes in the knee, hand and foot and to compare their association with age, sex, socioeconomic position and body mass index. Overall, symptomatic hand OA was more common than knee or foot OA (22.4% vs 17.4% vs 16.5%), due mainly to the high prevalence of nodal interphalangeal joint OA among women. The first carpometacarpal joint OA was the most frequent subtype, with patellofemoral, tibiofemoral, (nodal) interphalangeal and midfoot OA also common. Of the risk factors examined, the greatest differences between subtypes appeared to be their associations with sex and obesity: sex differences were noticeably greater for all forms of hand OA except non‐nodal interphalangeal joint OA, while obesity appeared most strongly associated with forms of knee OA. The prevalence of all subtypes was higher among older ages, and among those with lower educational attainment.