bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards improving drought resistance and lodging resistance in cotton
Authors: LI Fuguang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCotton is one of the most important fiber and oil crop in the world and the fiber yield as well as quality traits are negatively affected by drought and lodging. Improving root gravitropism is a very effective way to enhance the crop resistance to drought and lodging stresses. Recent advance in origin and formation of root gravitropism may provide new insights to increase drought and lodging resistance in cotton.
Perspectives of patients, carers and mental health staff on early warning signs of relapse in psychosis: a qualitative investigation
Authors: Allan Stephanie , Bradstreet Simon , McLeod Hamish J. , Gleeson John , Farhall John , Lambrou Maria , Clark Andrea , Gumley Andrew I. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundRelapse prevention strategies based on monitoring of early warning signs (EWS) are advocated for the management of psychosis. However, there has been a lack of research exploring how staff, carers and patients make sense of the utility of EWS, or how these are implemented in context.AimsTo develop a multiperspective theory of how EWS are understood and used, which is grounded in the experiences of mental health staff, carers and patients.MethodTwenty-five focus groups were held across Glasgow and Melbourne (EMPOWER Trial, ISRCTN: 99559262). Participants comprised 88 mental health staff, 21 patients and 40 carers from UK and Australia (totaln= 149). Data were analysed using constructivist grounded theory.ResultsAll participants appeared to recognise EWS and acknowledged the importance of responding to EWS to support relapse prevention. However, recognition of and acting on EWS were constructed in a context of uncertainty, which appeared linked to risk appraisals that were dependent on distinct stakeholder roles and experiences. Within current relapse management, a process of weighted decision-making (where one factor was seen as more important than others) described how stakeholders weighed up the risks and consequences of relapse alongside the risks and consequences of intervention and help-seeking.ConclusionsMental health staff, carers and patients speak about using EWS within a weighted decision-making process, which is acted out in the context of relationships that exist in current relapse management, rather than an objective response to specific signs and symptoms.
Computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy for depression in adolescents: 12-month outcomes of a UK randomised controlled trial pilot study
Authors: Wright Barry , Tindall Lucy , Hargate Rebecca , Allgar Victoria , Trépel Dominic , Ali Shehzad 
Published: December 2019

Background
Computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy (CCBT) in the care pathway has the potential to improve access to psychological therapies and reduce waiting lists within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, however, more randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to assess this.

Aims
This single-centre RCT pilot study compared a CCBT program (Stressbusters) with an attention control (self-help websites) for adolescent depression at referral to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of CCBT (trial registration: ISRCTN31219579).

Method
The trial ran within community and clinical settings. Adolescents (aged 12–18) presenting to their primary mental health worker service for low mood/depression support were assessed for eligibility at their initial appointment, 139 met inclusion criteria (a 33-item Mood and Feelings Questionnaire score of ≥20) and were randomised to Stressbusters (n = 70) or self-help websites (n = 69) using remote computerised single allocation. Participants completed mood, quality of life (QoL) and resource-use measures at intervention completion, and 4 and 12 months post-intervention. Changes in self-reported measures and completion rates were assessed by group.

Results
There was no significant difference between CCBT and the website group at 12 months. Both showed improvements on all measures. QoL measures in the intervention group showed earlier improvement compared with the website group. Costs were lower in the intervention group but the difference was not statistically significant. The cost-effectiveness analysis found just over a 65% chance of Stressbusters being cost-effective compared with websites. The 4-month follow-up results from the initial feasibility study are reported separately.

Conclusions
CCBT and self-help websites may both have a place in the care pathway for adolescents with depression.
Barriers and enablers to collaboration in the mental health system in Sabah, Malaysia: towards a theory of collaboration
Authors: Shoesmith Wendy , Awang Borhanuddin Awang Faisal Bin , Pereira Emmanuel Joseph , Nordin Norhayati , Giridharan Beena , Forman Dawn , Fyfe Sue 
Published: December 2019

Background
The systems that help people with mental disorders in Malaysia include hospitals, primary care, traditional and religious systems, schools and colleges, employers, families and other community members.

Aims
To better understand collaboration between and within these systems and create a theoretical framework for system development.

Method
A total of 26 focus groups and 27 individual interviews were undertaken with patients, carers, psychiatric hospital staff, primary care and district hospital staff, religious and traditional healers, community leaders, non-governmental organisation workers, and school and college counsellors. Grounded theory methods were used to analyse the data and create a theory of collaboration.

Results
Three themes both defined and enabled collaboration: (a) collaborative behaviours; (b) motivation towards a common goal or value; and (c) autonomy. Three other enablers of collaboration were identified: (d) relatedness (for example trusting, understanding and caring about the other); (e) resources (competence, time, physical resources and opportunities); and (f) motivation for collaboration (weighing up the personal costs versus benefits of acting collaboratively).

Conclusions
The first three themes provided a definition of collaboration in this context: ‘two or more parties working together towards a common goal or value, while maintaining autonomy’. The main barriers to collaboration were lack of autonomy, relatedness, motivation and resources, together with the potential cost of acting collaboratively without reciprocation. Finding ways to change these structural, cultural and organisational features is likely to improve collaboration in this system and improve access to care and outcomes for patients.
Tirofiban hydrochloride sodium chloride injection combined with cardiovascular intervention in the treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Liu Yongxuan , Zhang Lingling , Yang Yanyan 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of tirofiban hydrochloride sodium chloride injection combined with cardiovascular intervention on acute myocardial infarction.
Methods: Eighty-four patients with acute myocardial infarction who were treated in our hospital from April 2017 to May 2018 were divided into a control group and a treatment group using random number table method; there were 42 patients in each group. Both groups were given conventional treatment and were treated with aspirin and clopidogrel before and after operation. Moreover, the control group was treated with cardiovascular interventional therapy, while the treatment group was treated with tirofiban hydrochloride on the basis of cardiovascular interventional therapy. The patients were followed up to observe and compare the treatment condition and adverse reactions of the two groups.
Results: After percutaneous coronary intervention, the normal rate of myocardial perfusion in the treatment group was 92.86%, which was higher than 69.05% in the control group (P<0.05). After PCI, there were significant differences of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow Grade- 2 and 3 between the two groups (P<0.05). The improvement of platelet activation function in the treatment group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse cardiac events in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Tirofiban hydrochloride sodium chloride injection combined with cardiovascular intervention has a significant clinical effect in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. It can effectively improve the blood perfusion and reduce the incidence of adverse cardiac events, suggesting a good effect on the prognosis of patients and high application value.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.1005
How to cite this:Liu Y, Zhang L, Yang Y. Tirofiban hydrochloride sodium chloride injection combined with cardiovascular intervention in the treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.1.1005
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
EEG anticipation of random high and low arousal faces and sounds
Authors: Duma Gian Marco , Mento Giovanni , Semenzato Luca , Tressoldi Patrizio 
Published: December 2019

Background: In this study, we investigated the neural correlates of the anticipatory activity of randomly presented faces and sounds of both high and low arousal level by recording EEG activity with a high spatial resolution EEG system. Methods: We preregistered the following three hypotheses: 1) a contingent Negative Variation (CNV) difference in the amplitude voltage between auditory vs faces stimuli; 2) a greater amplitude voltage in the CNV, in high arousal stimuli vs low arousal stimuli, both in auditory and faces stimuli, in the temporal window from 0 to 1000 ms before the stimulus presentation; 3) in the time window from 0 to 1000 ms a sensory specific activation at the brain source level in the temporal lobe and auditory cortex before the presentation of an auditory stimulus and an activation of occipital area, dedicated to the elaboration of visual stimuli, before the presentation of faces . Results: Using a preregistered, hypothesis-driven approach, we found no statistically significant differences in the CNV due to an overly conservative correction for multiple comparisons for the control of Type I error. By contrast, using a data-driven approach based on a machine learning algorithm (Support Vector Machine), we found a significantly larger amplitude in the occipital cluster of electrodes before the presentation of faces with respect to sounds, along with a larger amplitude in the right auditory cortex before the presentation of sounds with respect to faces. Furthermore, we found greater CNV activity in the late prestimulus interval for high vs. low-arousal sounds stimuli in the left centro-posterior scalp regions. Conclusions: These findings, although preliminary, seem to support the hypothesis that the neurophysiological anticipatory activity of random events is specifically driven by either the sensory characteristics or the arousal level of future stimuli.
In silico analysis of a major allergen from Rattus norvegicus, Rat n 1, and cross-reactivity with domestic pets
Authors: Munera Marlon , Contreras Neyder , Sánchez Andres , Sánchez Jorge , Emiliani Yuliana 
Published: December 2019

Background:Lipocalins play a role in the cellular trafficking of pheromones and are involved in allergic responses to domestic pets. However, the cross-reactivity among allergens of this group has been poorly explored, and the pheromone linking capacity is not well characterized. The aim of this study was to explore cross-reactive epitopes and pheromone linking capacity among Rat n 1 and homologues in domestic pets through anin silicoapproach.Methods:ElliPro and BepiPredin silicotools were used to predict B cell linear and cross-reactive epitopes. The pheromone linking capacity was explored by docking virtual screening with 2-ethylhexanol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole, and 2-heptanone ligands.Results:According to the analysis, Rat n 1 shares 52% identity with Equ c 1, Can f 6, Fel d 4, and Mus m 1 allergens. The overlapping structures analysis revealed high structural homology (root mean square deviation < 1). Four lineal and three discontinuous epitopes were predicted on Ra t n 1. A lineal epitope located between amino acids residues 24 and 36 was highly conserved on all allergens explored. A cross-reactive discontinuous epitope (T142, K143, D144, L145, S146, S147, D148, K152, L170, T171, T173, D174) was also found. Docking molecular simulations revealed the region involved in linking ligands, and we identified the properties of the binding of four pheromones and the binding potential of Rat n 1. Critical residues for interactions are reported in this study.Conclusions:We identified some possible allergens fromRattus norvegicus, and those allergens could have cross-reactivity with allergens from some animals. The results need to be confirmed within vitrostudies and could be utilized to contribute to immunotherapy and reduce allergic diseases related to lipocalins.
The NHS diabetic eye screening programme
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: December 2019

The NHS diabetic eye screening (DES) programme is one of the young person and adult NHS population screening programmes that are available in the UK. The various NHS screening programmes identify those people who appear healthy, but could be at increased risk of a disease or condition. Screening is not the same as diagnosis and there will always be a possibility of some false positive and false negative results. This article in the series provides the reader with details about the DES programme. A brief overview of the anatomy of the eye is provided and the screening process is described. The healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) have a key role to play in encouraging and emphasising the importance of screening, as well as helping the individual maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Do we still need to assess nurses' attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention? A systematic review
Authors: Avsar Pinar , Patton Declan , O'Connor Tom , Moore Zena 
Published: December 2019

Objective:To critically appraise and synthesise existing research literature pertaining to nurses' attitudes towards pressure ulcer (PU) prevention.Method:Using systematic review methodology, published quantitative studies focusing on nurses' attitudes towards PU prevention measured by psychometric tests were included. The search was conducted in May 2019 using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane and EMBASE databases, and returned 442 records, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a pre-designed extraction tool and all included studies were quality appraised using the checklist.Results:Of the included studies, 20 employed a cross-sectional design and one author employed a validation study. In measuring nurses' attitudes toward PU prevention two distinct instruments were used: the ‘Moore and Price Attitude Scale’ and the ‘Attitude towards Pressure Ulcer Prevention Instrument’. The mean attitude score within the studies was 73% (standard deviation=9.2%). The lowest attitude score was 51%, while the highest score was 89%. The results obtained from the studies indicated that 86% (n=18) yielded positive attitude results.Conclusion:The findings suggest that, overall, nurses are positively disposed towards PU prevention. However, it is important to highlight that the nurses have difficulties translating this positive attitude into actual PU prevention strategies.
High performance of an all-optical two-bit analog-to-digital converter based on Kerr effect nonlinear nanocavities
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Sani Mojtaba , Khosroabadi Saeed , Nasserian Mahshid 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a new configuration for an all-optical analog-to-digital converter based on nonlinear materials has been proposed. This structure is the combination of two main parts: a quantization block followed by an optical coder. The refractive index of the nonlinear composite material varies with the intensity of the optical field. Sampling and quantizing have been performed at central wavelength

λ
=

1550

n
m

by three ring resonators that are filled by nonlinear material AlGaAs with linear refractive index of

n
1

=

1.4

and Kerr index of

n

2

=

1.5

×

10

−
17

m

2

/

W

. The maximum sampling rate is 260 GS/S. The sampling accuracy of the structure is 1040 KS. The overall area of the structure is

540

µ

m

2

. The fast plane wave expansion method is used in the band structure calculations and the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method is used to calculate the transducer transmission spectrum, their resonant frequencies and quality coefficients, and the transducer output power at single wavelengths and constant intensities.
Persistent atomic frequency comb based on Zeeman sub-levels of an erbium-doped crystal waveguide
Authors: Askarani Mohsen Falamarzi , Lutz Thomas , Puigibert Marcelli Grimau , Sinclair Neil , Oblak Daniel , Tittel Wolfgang 
Published: December 2019

Long-lived sub-levels of the electronic ground-state manifold of rare-earth ions in crystals can be used as atomic population reservoirs for photon echo-based quantum memories. We measure the dynamics of the Zeeman sub-levels of erbium ions that are doped into a lithium niobate waveguide, finding population lifetimes at cryogenic temperatures down to 0.7 K as long as seconds. Then, using these levels, we prepare and characterize atomic frequency combs (AFCs), which can serve as a memory for quantum light at 1532 nm wavelength. The results allow predicting a 0.1% memory efficiency, limited mainly by unwanted background absorption that we believe to be caused by excitation-induced erbium spin flips and frequency shifting due to two-level systems or non-equilibrium phonons. Hence, while it should be possible to create an AFC-based quantum memory in

E
r

3
+

:

T
i

4
+

:

L
i
N
b
O

3

, improved crystal growth together with optimized AFC preparation will be required to make it suitable for applications in quantum communication.
Fractal superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetector at 1550  nm with 60% system detection efficiency and 1.05 polarization sensitivity
Authors: Meng Yun , Zou Kai , Hu Nan , Lan Xiaojian , Xu Liang , Zichi Julien , Steinhauer Stephan , Zwiller Val , Hu Xiaolong 
Published: December 2019

Superconducting nanowire (nanostrip) single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have shown unprecedented detection efficiency and timing properties, but simultaneously achieving polarization-insensitive high detection efficiency, low dark-count rate (DCR), fast speed, and low timing jitter remains a challenge. Here we report on our design, fabrication, and characterization of a cascaded superconducting avalanche photodetector composed of 40 nm wide NbTiN nanowires patterned into fractal curves. At the base temperature of 2.7 K, the device exhibits60±3%system detection efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm, 1.05 polarization sensitivity, 220 cps DCR, 4 ns recovery time, and 45 ps timing jitter. This Letter not only demonstrates these combined properties on a single detector that was unobtainable previously, but also shows that that current-crowding effect remarkably permits decent internal detection efficiency. These counter-intuitive results expand the understanding pertaining to the device physics of SNSPDs.
Optical injection dynamics of frequency combs
Authors: Doumbia Yaya , Malica Tushar , Wolfersberger Delphine , Panajotov Krassimir , Sciamanna Marc 
Published: December 2019

We analyze the nonlinear dynamics of a semiconductor laser with optical injection from a frequency comb. When varying both the injection parameters (detuning and injection ratio) and the comb properties (number of comb lines and comb spacing), we identify and select several dynamics, including (1) injection locking with selective amplification of the comb line that shows the smallest detuning from the injected laser, (2) unlocked time-periodic dynamics that correspond to a new frequency comb with a broadened optical spectrum, thereby sharpening the pulse generated at the injected laser output, and (3) unlocked chaotic dynamics.
The judges’ decision is final: Judgement in music talent reality TV and school music education
Authors: Butler Alison 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article explores music talent reality television (RTV) and conceptualizes it as a site of music education. It also considers whether music talent RTV might magnify sociocultural traits that are less easily detected in other sites of music education. A considerable body of research has developed around RTV, notably from the fields of sociology, media studies, cultural studies and women’s studies. These scholars frequently draw on Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and capital to analyse participant and audience engagements with the genre. Judgement is central to these discussions, particularly in the subgenre of music talent RTV, with several authors showing how taste and distinction are influenced by habitus. Reviewing the RTV literature highlights how certain musics and musicking experiences are judged, and how such judgement can devalue the musical experiences of those young people who are least likely to access school music education. This raises questions for further study about music talent RTV’s relationship with school music education, and for the study of music talent RTV as a music education setting in its own right, but it also highlights themes that warrant consideration in school music education sites, where judgements and their impacts on access and participation are often disguised or unquestioned.
A Educação Ambiental no Ensino e na Prática Escolar da Escola Estadual Cândido Mariano – Aquidauana/MS
Authors: Fragoso Edjane , Nascimento Elisangela Castedo Maria 
Published: December 2019

O pensamento ambiental é uma teoria que integra o pensamento e os valores, a razão e o sentido; as diferenças e as diversidades, a cultura, e a natureza. Baseado no pensamento ambiental essa pesquisa teve o objetivo de verificar de que maneira a Educação Ambiental está sendo desenvolvida no Ensino Fundamental II da Escola Estadual Cândido Mariano – Aquidauana/MS. Foi aplicado aos professores um questionário para identificar a concepção de meio ambiente e investigar a concepção de meio ambiente dos professores e se desenvolvem EA em suas aulas. Observou-se que a maioria dos professores possui uma correta concepção de meio ambiente assim como desenvolvem a EA nos conteúdos de ciências e geografia.

Environmental Education in the Teaching and School Practice of Cândido Mariano State School - Aquidauana / MS

Environmental thinking is a theory that integrates thought and values, reason and meaning; The differences and the diversities, the culture, and the nature. Based on environmental thinking, this research had the objective of verifyinga how the Environmental Education is being developed in elementary education II of the Cândido Mariano State School - Aquidauana / MS. A questionnaire was applied to teachers to identify the environment conception and to investigate the environmental conception of teachers and to develop EE in their classes. It was
observed that most teachers have a correct conception of the environment as well as develop EE in the contents of sciences and geography.

Keywords: Environmental Education, Conception of the Environment,
Elementary Education II