bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mendelian Randomization Study of Obesity and Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Marini Sandro , Merino Jordi , Montgomery Bailey E. , Malik Rainer , Sudlow Catherine L. , Dichgans Martin , Florez Jose C. , Rosand Jonathan , Gill Dipender , Anderson Christopher D. ,   on behalf of the International Stroke Genetics Consortium
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo systematically investigate causal relationships between obesity and cerebrovascular disease and the extent to which hypertension and hyperglycemia mediate the effect of obesity on cerebrovascular disease.MethodsWe used summary statistics from genome‐wide association studies for body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), and multiple cerebrovascular disease phenotypes. We explored causal associations with 2‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) accounting for genetic covariation between BMI and WHR, and we assessed what proportion of the association between obesity and cerebrovascular disease was mediated by systolic blood pressure (SBP) and blood glucose levels, respectively.ResultsGenetic predisposition to higher BMI did not increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease. In contrast, for each 10% increase in WHR there was a 75% increase (95% confidence interval [CI] = 44–113%) in risk for large artery ischemic stroke, a 57% (95% CI = 29–91%) increase in risk for small vessel ischemic stroke, a 197% increase (95% CI = 59–457%) in risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, and an increase in white matter hyperintensity volume (β = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.01–0.21). These WHR associations persisted after adjusting for genetic determinants of BMI. Approximately one‐tenth of the observed effect of WHR was mediated by SBP for ischemic stroke (proportion mediated: 12%, 95% CI = 4–20%), but no evidence of mediation was found for average blood glucose.InterpretationAbdominal adiposity may trigger causal pathological processes, partially independent from blood pressure and totally independent from glucose levels, that lead to cerebrovascular disease. Potential targets of these pathological processes could represent novel therapeutic opportunities for stroke. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:516–524
Robust control for a class of uncertain neutral‐type systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Meng Xin , Gao Cunchen , Liu Zhen , Jiang Baoping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of robust
asymptotic stabilization for a class of uncertain neutral‐type systems with time‐varying delays. A sufficient condition is obtained to ensure the considered system is robust asymptotic stabilization with disturbance attenuation level
, which is based on the sliding mode observer framework. Meanwhile, a novel integral sliding surface function with the compensator is proposed to make sure the considered system can be stabilized. And the gain matrix is obtained by solving a strict linear matrix inequality. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the validity and potential of the proposed method.
Has the iPhone cannibalized the iPad? An asymmetric competition model
Authors: Guidolin Mariangela , Guseo Renato 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProduct cannibalization is a well‐known phenomenon in marketing, describing the case when a new product steals sales from another product under the same brand. A special case of cannibalization may occur when the older product reacts to the competitive strength of the newer one, absorbing the corresponding market shares. We show that such cannibalization occurred between two Apple products, the iPhone and the iPad, and the first has succeeded at the expense of the second. We propose an innovation diffusion model for asymmetric competition, Lotka‐Volterra with asymmetric competition, allow to test the presence and the extent of the inverse cannibalization phenomenon. A nondimensional representation of the model helps showing the effects of cannibalization on life cycle length.
Materialien im Brückenbau: In absehbarer Zukunft
Authors: Wong Mary , Braszus Lukas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInfrastrukturbauwerke sind grundlegend für die Zukunft von Städten und das urbane Wachstum. Zentraler Aspekt auf dem Weg in die Zukunft ist die Nachhaltigkeit. In diesem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, in welche Richtung sich Werkstoffe im Brückenbau dahingehend in absehbarer Zukunft entwickeln können. Wie kann die Leistung optimiert, zur Nachhaltigkeit beigetragen und das Umsetzungspotenzial aufgezeigt werden? Wie kann der Verbrauch von Primärbaustoffen verringert, wie durch den Einsatz innovativer Methoden die Lebensdauer von Brücken verlängert werden? Dazu werden Pilotprojekte vorgestellt, die das Potenzial haben, den Brückenbau nachhaltig zu verändern.
Profiles of prognostic alternative splicing signature in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Fangming , Chen Qifeng , Liu Chaojun , Duan Xiaoran , Hu Jinlong , Liu Jian , Cao Huicun , Li Wang , Li Hui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated the role of abnormal alternative splicing (AS) in tumor progression. This study examines the prognostic index (PI) of alternative splices (ASs) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical features and splicing events of patients with HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed AS (DEAS) were compared between HCC and adjacent normal samples. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine changes in DEAS associated with overall survival (OS). A PI was generated from OS‐associated DEASs using Kaplan‐Meier curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, multivariate Cox regression, and cluster analysis. Then, the correlation between DEASs and splicing factors was assessed, followed by functional and pathway enrichment analysis. We identified 34 163 ASs of 8985 genes in HCC, and 153 OS‐ASs were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis. Low‐ and high‐PI groups were determined based on the median “PI‐ALL” value according to significantly different survival (P = 2.2e − 16). The ROC curve of all PI (PI‐ALL) had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.993 for survival status in patients with HCC. A potential regulatory network associated with prognosis of patients with HCC was established. Enrichment analysis also resulted in the identification of several pathways potentially associated with carcinogenesis and progression of HCC. Four clusters were identified that were associated with clinical features and prognosis. Our study generated comprehensive profiles of ASs in HCC. The interaction network and functional connections were used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of AS in HCC.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement thrombosis in patient supported with durable left ventricular assist device
Authors: Rao Sriram D. , Jagasia Dinesh , Anwaruddin Saif , Birati Edo Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAortic insufficiency (AI) is a frequent problem after continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and results in increased morbidity and mortality. Advances in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) technology have resulted in this being discussed as a potential option for LVAD patients with AI. While small case series have been published, we report the first case of TAVR thrombosis in an LVAD patient. This case highlights a major diagnostic and management dilemma that should become more present if this strategy becomes more widespread.
The impact of chronic kidney disease in women undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Analysis from the Women's INternational Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (WIN‐TAVI) registry
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Sartori Samantha , Baber Usman , Cao Davide , Chandiramani Rishi , Tchétché Didier , Petronio Anna Sonia , Mehilli Julinda , Lefèvre Thierry , Presbitero Patrizia , Capranzaro Piera , Sardella Gennaro , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Chandrasekhar Jaya , Dumonteil Nicholas , Fraccaro Chiara , Trabattoni Daniela , Mikhail Ghada W. , Naber Christoph , Kini Annapoorna , Morice Marie‐Claude , Claessen Bimmer E. , Chieffo Alaide , Mehran Roxana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aortic stenosis (AS) increase with age. Although baseline CKD is frequent in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), its significance among women is largely unknown.MethodsWomen's INternational Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (WIN‐TAVI) is a multinational, prospective registry of women undergoing TAVR for severe AS. We included patients with available baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and completed 1‐year follow‐up. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their eGFR: No CKD (normal kidney function to stage 2 CKD: eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2); (b) mild CKD (stage 3a CKD: eGFR = 45–59 ml/min/1.73 m2); and (c) moderate/severe CKD (stage ≥3b CKD: eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2). All events were adjudicated according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)‐2 criteria.ResultOut of 852 women undergoing TAVR, 326 (38.3%) had no CKD, 225 (26.4%) had mild CKD, and 301 (35.3%) had moderate/severe CKD. Women with higher stage of CKD at baseline were more likely to have a history of hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, anemia, chronic lung disease, hemodialysis, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, and pacemaker implantation. After multivariate adjustment, moderate/severe CKD was associated with a greater risk of 1‐year VARC‐2 safety endpoints [hazard ratio (HR) 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–2.60], all‐cause death (HR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.03–3.90), and composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke or life‐threatening bleeding (HR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.04–2.76). There were no differences in 30‐day and 1‐year VARC‐2 efficacy and 30‐day VARC‐2 safety outcomes.ConclusionCKD is associated with substantial and independent risk for mortality and morbidity at 1‐year follow‐up in women undergoing TAVR.
A rapidly enlarging painful neck mass in a 59‐year‐old woman
Authors: Nath Priti V. , Shakir Mohamed , Hoang Thanh D. , Bergeron April E. , Glistercarlson Babette C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrimary care physicians and endocrinologists should be aware that neck masses with concerning features like, in this case, a delay in evaluation and treatment may dramatically shorten a patient's life.
Calculative modeling for quantified semantics‐color mapping
Authors: Hu Guosheng , Liu Zheng , Wang Yun , Sheng Ai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is abundant research indicating the existence of a stable mechanism of correspondence between semantic units and color. Researchers usually refer to it as synesthesia. This mechanism inspired the creation of a cross‐media mapping model (between semantics and color) to execute semantics‐color interaction and design, and a method to generate corresponding color combinations by semantic imagery. In this project, a semantics‐color mapping model was constructed based on user‐evaluated parameters of color relations and semantic dimensions. The model consists of six semantic dimensions corresponding to six multicolor relation scales. An attempt was also made to provide a synesthetic color combination corresponding to a user's semantic expectation. This method paved a path toward restoring semantics‐color synesthesia and generating color combinations by semantic control. The synesthetic mapping model will affect color perception and expression as well. The cross‐media mapping model can be applied not only in semantic‐driven color design but also in cross‐media interaction, cognitive and expressive aid, and other artistic fields.
Tailoring Scientific Communications for Audience and Research Narrative
Authors: Hutchins Jessica A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor success in research careers, scientists must be able to communicate their research questions, findings, and significance to both expert and nonexpert audiences. Scientists commonly disseminate their research using specialized communication products such as research articles, grant proposals, poster presentations, and scientific talks. The style and content of these communication products differ from the language usage of the general public and can be difficult for nonexperts to follow and access. For this reason, it is important to tailor scientific communications to the intended audience in order to ensure that the communication product achieves its goals, especially when communicating with nonexpert audiences. This article presents a framework to increase access to research and science literacy. It addresses aspects of communication that scientists should consider when producing a scientific communication product: audience, purpose, format, and significance (research narrative). These factors are essential for understanding the communication scenario and goals, which provide guidance when tailoring research communications to different audiences. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Distributed parallel algorithms for online virtual network embedding applications
Authors: Lu Qiao , Nguyen Khoa , Huang Changcheng 
Published: January 2020

SummaryNetwork virtualization (NV) has ubiquitously emerged as an indispensable attribute to enable the success of the forthcoming virtualized networks (eg, 5G network and smart Internet of Things [IoT]). Virtual network embedding (VNE) is the major challenge in NV that allows multiple heterogeneous virtual networks (VNs) to simultaneously coexist on a shared substrate infrastructure. A great number of VNE algorithms have been proposed, but over the past decades, most of them are only targeting for VNE node mapping. In this paper, we propose two distributed parallel genetic algorithms, which are based on two versions of crossover and mutation schemes, for online VN link embedding problems with low latency and high efficiency. Furthermore, we conduct a time analysis on the executing time of independently distributed parallel computing machines in details. This comprehensive analysis validates the parallel computing scalability on an identical number of predefined parallel machines. Extensive simulations have shown that our proposed algorithms can achieve better performance than integer linear programming (ILP)–based solutions while meeting the stringent time requirements for online VN embedding applications. Our proposed algorithms yield superior performance in running time with 32.78% up to 1727.8% faster than existing popular VNE algorithms. Additionally, the theoretical analysis indicates that the execution time can be reduced to logarithmic times by applying proposed distributed parallel algorithms.
Host population genetics and biogeography structure the microbiome of the sponge Cliona delitrix
Authors: Easson Cole G. , Chaves-Fonnegra Andia , Thacker Robert W. , Lopez Jose V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSponges occur across diverse marine biomes and host internal microbial communities that can provide critical ecological functions. While strong patterns of host specificity have been observed consistently in sponge microbiomes, the precise ecological relationships between hosts and their symbiotic microbial communities remain to be fully delineated. In the current study, we investigate the relative roles of host population genetics and biogeography in structuring the microbial communities hosted by the excavating sponge Cliona delitrix. A total of 53 samples, previously used to demarcate the population genetic structure of C. delitrix, were selected from two locations in the Caribbean Sea and from eight locations across the reefs of Florida and the Bahamas. Microbial community diversity and composition were measured using Illumina‐based high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region and related to host population structure and geographic distribution. Most operational taxonomic units (OTUs) specific to Cliona delitrix microbiomes were rare, while other OTUs were shared with congeneric hosts. Across a large regional scale (>1,000 km), geographic distance was associated with considerable variability of the sponge microbiome, suggesting a distance–decay relationship, but little impact over smaller spatial scales (<300 km) was observed. Host population structure had a moderate effect on the structure of these microbial communities, regardless of geographic distance. These results support the interplay between geographic, environmental, and host factors as forces determining the community structure of microbiomes associated with C. delitrix. Moreover, these data suggest that the mechanisms of host regulation can be observed at the population genetic scale, prior to the onset of speciation.
Large‐ and small‐seeded species have contrasting functional neighborhoods in a subtropical forest
Authors: Umaña María Natalia , Arellano Gabriel , Forero‐Montaña Jimena , Nytch Christopher J. , Swenson Nathan G. , Thompson Jill , Uriarte María , Zimmerman Jess K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractForest community composition is the outcome of multiple forces, including those that increase taxonomic and functional divergence and those that promote convergence in traits. The mechanisms underlying these forces may not operate homogenously within communities; individuals of different species are never perfectly mixed, and thus, species tend to be surrounded and interact with different subsets of species. In fact, taxonomic and functional composition of neighborhoods of different focal species can be highly variable. Here, we examine whether mechanisms driving species‐level neighborhoods relate to intrinsic characteristics of focal species such as differences in life‐history and resource‐uptake strategies and in turn relate to species survival. We focus on two key characteristics: (1) seed mass, which defines a dominant axis of life‐history strategies related to stress tolerance, and (2) understory light preferences that sort species from light‐demanding pioneers to shade‐tolerant. We monitored seedling communities over 10 yr in Puerto Rico and calculated neighborhood trait dispersion in species‐level neighborhoods using seven functional traits. We examined whether species‐level characteristics, seed mass and preferred light conditions, influence patterns of functional dispersion in seedling neighborhoods using linear models. Then, we examined how species‐level functional neighborhoods impact seedling survival. We found that small‐ and large‐seeded species diverge in the type of functional neighborhoods they associate with. Large‐seeded species associate with neighbors that are more similar than expected in leaf economic traits, but more different than expected in seed mass and leaf area traits, while the opposite was found for small‐seeded species. This variation in species functional neighborhood was important in determining seedling survival. In sum, our results suggest that divergent and convergent forces do not operate homogenously over entire communities. Their relative role changes in space, and on a species‐by‐species basis, probably with a deterministic foundation linked to traits such as seed mass.
Quality by Design for industry translation: Three‐dimensional risk assessment failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis for additively manufactured patient‐specific implants
Authors: Martinez‐Marquez Daniel , Terhaer Klemens , Scheinemann Peter , Mirnajafizadeh Ali , Carty Christopher P. , Stewart Rodney A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe complexity of patient‐specific implants combined with the current limited expertise in reliability engineering and manufacturability in the additive manufacturing (AM) sector is posing a number of quality performance challenges. Worldwide medical device regulatory bodies are facing increasing pressure to devise adequate standards to ensure long‐term patient safety and product performance. The implementation of the Quality by Design (QbD) system to titanium 3D‐printed bone implants offers a proven system to ensure that products are designed and manufactured correctly from the beginning without errors. This article reports on the development of a failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) coupled with a 3D risk assessment approach. This integrated approach is based on a questionnaire performed with three industry firms and three university research groups with significant experience and expertise in medical device product development and/or research in this field. Research outcomes include a FMECA form containing 137 failure modes with AM materials, AM machine general, fabrication, electron beam melting machine, finishing, and design being as the most sensitive process areas in terms of product quality. We subsequently propose corresponding preventive and corrective strategies for risk mitigation. The approach forms part of the QbD system being developed by the authors specifically for additive manufactured titanium patient‐specific implants.
Simulation of gas concentration during the process of air injection and extraction in a landfill
Authors: Ma Jun , Liu Lei , Yu Xiao , Fei Xunchang , Zhang Xiong , Zeng Gang , Bi Yuzhang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOld landfills require pre‐aeration before excavation to reduce the emissions of volatile organic compounds and methane. Variation and distribution of gas species during landfill aeration is important in designing an aeration system and evaluating aeration progress. Limited research is conducted on the variation of gas concentration in aerobic landfills considering methane oxidation and aerobic waste degradation. In this study, a numerical model is developed considering reactions to simulate the changes in methane, oxygen, and carbon dioxide concentrations in landfills during air injection and extraction. Parameter sensitivity analyses are conducted to evaluate the effects of permeability, dispersion coefficient, maximum methane oxidation rate, and oxygen consumption rate on simulation results. Results show that the model is sensitive to oxygen consumption rate. Overall, the application of this model in aerobic landfills provides a practical method to predict gas concentration variation. This model can be used in the optimal design of in situ aeration system.
Functional brain networks of patients with epilepsy exhibit pronounced multiscale periodicities, which correlate with seizure onset
Authors: Mitsis Georgios D. , Anastasiadou Maria N. , Christodoulakis Manolis , Papathanasiou Eleftherios S. , Papacostas Savvas S. , Hadjipapas Avgis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEpileptic seizure detection and prediction by using noninvasive measurements such as scalp EEG signals or invasive, intracranial recordings, has been at the heart of epilepsy studies for at least three decades. To this end, the most common approach has been to consider short‐length recordings (several seconds to a few minutes) around a seizure, aiming to identify significant changes that occur before or during seizures. An inherent assumption in this approach is the presence of a relatively constant EEG activity in the interictal period, which is interrupted by seizure occurrence. Here, we examine this assumption by using long‐duration scalp EEG data (21–94 hr) in nine patients with epilepsy, based on which we construct functional brain networks. Our results reveal that these networks vary over time in a periodic fashion, exhibiting multiple peaks at periods ranging between 1 and 24 hr. The effects of seizure onset on the functional brain network properties were found to be considerably smaller in magnitude compared to the changes due to these inherent periodic cycles. Importantly, the properties of the identified network periodic components (instantaneous phase) were found to be strongly correlated to seizure onset, especially for the periodicities around 3 and 5 hr. These correlations were found to be largely absent between EEG signal periodicities and seizure onset, suggesting that higher specificity may be achieved by using network‐based metrics. In turn, this implies that more robust seizure detection and prediction can be achieved if longer term underlying functional brain network periodic variations are taken into account.