bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling selective absorption in perovskite solar cells for refractometric sensing of gases
Authors: Elshorbagy Mahmoud H. , Cuadrado Alexander , Romero Beatriz , Alda Javier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells are currently considered a promising technology for solar energy harvesting. Their capability to deliver an electrical signal when illuminated can sense changes in environmental parameters. We have numerically analyzed the variation of the current delivered by a perovskite cell as a function of the index of refraction of air, that is in contact with the front surface of the cell. This calculation identifies which geometrical and material structures enhance this behavior. After replacing the top transparent electrode of a solar cell by an optimized subwavelength metallic grating, we find a large variation in the responsivity of the cell with respect to the change in the index of refraction of the surrounding medium. Such a refractometric sensor can be interrogated electronically, avoiding the cumbersome set-ups of spectral or angular interrogation methods. We present an adaptation of the performance parameters of refractometric sensors (sensitivity and figure of merit) to the case of opto-electronic interrogation methods. The values of sensitivity and Figure of Merit are promising for the development of refractometric perovskite-based sensors.
Graph-Based Analysis of Visual Scanning Patterns: A Developmental Study on Green and Normal Images
Authors: Yazdan-Shahmorad Padideh , Sammaknejad Negar , Bakouie Fatemeh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the visual scanning pattern of children with typical development in three different age groups(4–6,6–8,8–10 years old). We used a data set from one related research, which included images with different low-level features: Green and Normal. This study analyzed age-associated inter-individual differences and was intended to show that graph profiling combined with a fixation time approach could help us to better understand the developmental visual pattern. Thus, degree centrality as one of the graph theory measures was implied to analyze gaze distribution. We explored the influence of bottom-up features, comparing the first 2 s (early phase) with the interval from 4 to 6 s (late phase) of scene exploration during age development. Our results indicated that degree centrality and fixation time increased with age. Furthermore, it was found that the effects of saliency are short-lived but significant. Moreover, we found that Green images during the early phase play an important role in visual anchoring, and the children’s performance was significantly different between 4–6 y and 6–8y-group. This comparative study underscores the ability of degree centrality as a developing innovative measure to perform eye-tracking data analyses.
Transition from spiral wave chimeras to phase cluster states
Authors: Totz Jan Frederik , Tinsley Mark R. , Engel Harald , Showalter Kenneth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotochemically coupled Belousov-Zhabotinsky micro-oscillators are studied in experiments and simulations. Generally good agreement between the experimental and simulated dynamical behavior is found, with spiral wave chimeras exhibited at small values of the time delay in the coupling between the oscillators, spiral wave core splitting at higher values, and phase cluster states replacing the spiral wave dynamics at the highest values of the time delay. Spiral wave chimera dynamics is exhibited experimentally for much of the time delay range, while spiral wave phase cluster states are exhibited more in the model simulations. In addition to comparing the experimental and simulation behavior, we explore the novel spiral wave phase cluster states and develop a mechanism for this new and unusual dynamical behavior.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the eusocial sponge-dwelling snapping shrimp Synalpheus microneptunus
Authors: Chak Solomon T. C. , Barden Phillip , Baeza J. Antonio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the marine realm, eusociality is only known to have evolved within a clade of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps in the genus Synalpheus. Deciphering the genomic underpinnings of eusociality in these marine shrimps has been limited by the sparse genomic resources in this genus. Here, we report, for a eusocial shrimp Synalpheus microneptunus, a complete mitochondrial genome (22X coverage) assembled from short Illumina 150 bp paired-end reads. The 15,603 bp long mitochondrial genome of S. microneptunus is AT-rich and includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and an 834 bp intergenic region assumed to be the D-loop. The gene order is identical to that reported for most caridean shrimps and corresponds to the presumed Pancrustacean ground pattern. All PCGs showed signs of purifying selection, with KA/KS <<1 across the whole PCGs and most sliding windows within PCGs. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses of 13 PCGs and 68 terminals supports the monophyly of the Caridea and the family Alpheidae. The complete mitochondrial genome of the eusocial shrimp Synalpheus microneptunus will contribute to a better understanding of the selective pressures and rates of molecular evolution in marine eusocial animals.
Predicting worse survival for newly diagnosed T cell lymphoma based on the decreased baseline CD16−/CD16 + monocyte ratio
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ruan Jing , Zhou Daobin , Han Xiao , Zhang Yan , Wang Wei , Ouyang Mingqi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractT cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL) is highly invasive and heterogeneous without accurate prognosis prediction. We proposed peripheral CD16−/CD16 + monocytes the additional indicators for T-NHL prognosis. We prospectively recruited 31 T-NHL patients without previous treatment. The CD16−/CD16 + monocyte ratio before chemotherapy was calculated and regular follow up was performed to calculate prognostic prediction value. Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) in tumor tissue were counted and transcriptome sequencing of CD16− and CD16 + monocytes was applied to explore potential mechanisms. We found that T-NHL patients had higher ratio of total monocytes especially the CD16 + monocytes along with a decreased ratio of CD16−/CD16 + monocytes, compared to the health control. The 1-year overall survival rate was 0.492 and 0.755 for CD16− monocyte/CD16 + monocyte ratio of <11 and ≥11(p < 0.05), respectively. The peripheral CD16−/CD16 + monocyte ratio was significantly relevant with the pathological CD68/CD206 macrophage ratio. The differently expressed genes in CD16− and CD16 + monocytes from T-NHL patients were mainly involved in signaling molecules related to tumor microenvironment. Pro-tumor genes were identified in monocyte subsets especially in CD16 + monocytes. In conclusion, the ratio of peripheral CD16−/CD16 + monocyte helps to stratify the prognosis of T-NHL. The relatively increased CD16 + monocytes may contribute to the pro-tumor microenvironment of T-NHL.
Characterization of Satellite DNAs in Squirrel Monkeys genus Saimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini)
Authors: Valeri Mirela Pelizaro , Dias Guilherme Borges , Moreira Camila Nascimento , Yonenaga-Yassuda Yatiyo , Stanyon Roscoe , Kuhn Gustavo Campos e Silva , Svartman Marta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe genusSaimiriis a decades-long taxonomic and phylogenetic puzzle to which cytogenetics has contributed crucial data. AllSaimirispecies apparently have a diploid number of 2n = 44 but vary in the number of chromosome arms. Repetitive sequences such as satellite DNAs are potentially informative cytogenetic markers because they display high evolutionary rates. Our goal is to increase the pertinent karyological data by more fully characterizing satellite DNA sequences in theSaimirigenus. We were able to identify two abundant satellite DNAs, alpha (~340 bp) and CapA (~1,500 bp), from short-read clustering of sequencing datasets fromS. boliviensis. The alpha sequences comprise about 1% and the CapA 2.2% of theS. boliviensisgenome. We also mapped both satellite DNAs inS. boliviensis, S. sciureus, S. vanzolinii, andS. ustus. The alpha has high interspecific repeat homogeneity and was mapped to the centromeres of all analyzed species. CapA is associated with non-pericentromeric heterochromatin and its distribution varies amongSaimirispecies. We conclude that CapA genomic distribution and its pervasiveness across Platyrrhini makes it an attractive cytogenetic marker forSaimiriand other New World monkeys.
Eyes shut homolog (EYS) interacts with matriglycan of O-mannosyl glycans whose deficiency results in EYS mislocalization and degeneration of photoreceptors
Authors: Liu Yu , Yu Miao , Shang Xuanze , Nguyen My Hong Hoai , Balakrishnan Shanmuganathan , Sager Rachel , Hu Huaiyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMutations in eyes shut homolog (EYS), a secreted extracellular matrix protein containing multiple laminin globular (LG) domains, and in protein O-mannose β1, 2-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase 1 (POMGnT1), an enzyme involved in O-mannosyl glycosylation, cause retinitis pigmentosa (RP), RP25 and RP76, respectively. How EYS and POMGnT1 regulate photoreceptor survival is poorly understood. Since some LG domain-containing proteins function by binding to the matriglycan moiety of O-mannosyl glycans, we hypothesized that EYS interacted with matriglycans as well. To test this hypothesis, we performed EYS Far-Western blotting assay and generated pomgnt1 mutant zebrafish. The results showed that EYS bound to matriglycans. Pomgnt1 mutation in zebrafish resulted in a loss of matriglycan, retention of synaptotagmin-1-positive EYS secretory vesicles within the outer nuclear layer, and diminished EYS protein near the connecting cilia. Photoreceptor density in 2-month old pomgnt1 mutant retina was similar to the wild-type animals but was significantly reduced at 6-months. These results indicate that EYS protein localization to the connecting cilia requires interaction with the matriglycan and that O-mannosyl glycosylation is required for photoreceptor survival in zebrafish. This study identified a novel interaction between EYS and matriglycan demonstrating that RP25 and RP76 are mechanistically linked in that O-mannosyl glycosylation controls targeting of EYS protein.
Characteristics of emergency patients with markedly elevated D-dimer levels
Authors: Tang Ning , Pan Yinyin , Xu Chao , Li Dengju 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground: Markedly elevated D-dimer levels can occur in emergency patients with various clinical situations, and is likely to indicate the presence of coagulopathy, rapid differential diagnosis was crucial for them. Methods: D-dimer was detected in consecutive 813 patients entering the emergency department of our hospital, for the patients with D-dimer levels above 5.0 µg/mL, the final diagnoses and 28-day mortality were confirmed, and the levels of thrombomodulin (TM), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP) on admission were detected. Results: There were 148 emergency patients with D-dimer levels higher than 5.0 µg/mL mainly due to sepsis, malignancy, trauma, venous thromboembolism (VTE), cerebrovascular accident, and so on. Both of the TM and TAT levels among these diagnoses were significantly different (p < 0.001). The elevated TM (>13.3 TU/mL) had a predictive value of 96.0% for excluding VTE, and the normal TM had a predictive value of 90.4% for excluding sepsis. The overall 28-day mortality of these patients with D-dimer >5.0 ug/mL was 14.2%, the TAT level on admission was independently associated with 28-day mortality (odds ratio 1.014, 95% CI 1.001–1.027, P = 0.030). Conclusions: The medical emergencies associated with markedly elevated D-dimer levels were revealed, specific markers of endothelial dysfunction and thrombin generation measured by automatic analyzer have the potential to distinguish diagnoses and predict outcomes in these patients.
An analysis of optimal fertigation implications in different soils on reducing environmental impacts of agricultural nitrate leaching
Authors: Azad Nasrin , Behmanesh Javad , Rezaverdinejad Vahid , Abbasi Fariborz , Navabian Maryam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExcessive and incorrect use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agriculture leads to high nitrate leaching to groundwater and harmful effects on the environment. The main objective of this research was to optimize the N fertigation scheduling for a surface micro-irrigation system in different soils. N uptake by corn and its losses were investigated for two fertigation scheduling scenarios including regional recommendation scheduling with three fertigation events and a weekly application schedule. The fertigation scheduling was then optimized to achieve both environmental objectives (minimizing nitrate losses) and corn N requirements (maximizing N uptake sufficiency). For this purpose, the HYDRUS-2D model, simulating water flow and N transport in soil, was linked to an optimization algorithm. In both scenarios, N uptake by plant was not adequate at different stages of growth in all three soil types, especially in the sandy loam soil. Optimization produced a decrease in nitrate leaching and an increase in N uptake as well as fully supplied plant requirements at different stages of corn growth. Optimization framework presented in this study and optimum fertigation scheduling in various soil textures can be applicable as a guideline for operators of micro-irrigation systems which reduce nitrate leaching and increase N uptake sufficiency.
Hydroxy-octadecenoic acids instead of phorbol esters are responsible for the Jatropha curcas kernel cake’s toxicity
Authors: Wang Xing-Hong , Liu Jie-Qing , Chen Suiyun , Yin Yanfeng , Liu Yan , Zhang Changhe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe toxic kernel cake of Jatropha curcas (KCakeJ) is an emerging health and environmental concern. Although phorbol esters are widely recognized as the major toxin of KCakeJ, convincing evidence is absent. Here, we show that rather than phorbol esters an isomeric mixture of 11-hydroxy-9E-octadecenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-10E-octadecenoic acid and 12-hydroxy-10Z-octadecenoic acid (hydroxy-octadecenoic acids, molecular formula C18H34O3) is the major toxic component. The toxicities of hydroxy-octadecenoic acids on experimental animals, e.g. acute lethality, causing inflammation, pulmonary hemorrhage and thrombi, allergies, diarrhea and abortion, are consistent with those on human/animals caused by Jatropha seed and/or KCakeJ. The hydroxyl group and the double bond are essential for hydroxy-octadecenoic acids’ toxicity. The main pathway of the toxicity mechanism includes down-regulating UCP3 gene expression, promoting ROS production, thus activating CD62P expression (platelet activation) and mast cell degranulation. The identification of the major toxin of KCakeJ lays a foundation for establishing an environmentally friendly Jatropha biofuel industry.
VGLUT2-expressing neurons in the vestibular nuclear complex mediate gravitational stress-induced hypothermia in mice
Authors: Abe Chikara , Yamaoka Yusuke , Maejima Yui , Mikami Tomoe , Yokota Shigefumi , Yamanaka Akihiro , Morita Hironobu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe vestibular system, which is essential for maintaining balance, contributes to the sympathetic response. Although this response is involved in hypergravity load-induced hypothermia in mice, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study showed that hypergravity (2g) decreased plasma catecholamines, which resulted in hypoactivity of the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT). Hypothermia induced by 2g load was significantly suppressed by administration of beta-adrenergic receptor agonists, suggesting the involvement of decrease in iBAT activity through sympathoinhibition. Bilateral chemogenetic activation of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2)-expressing neurons in the vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) induced hypothermia. The VGLUT2-expressing neurons contributed to 2g load-induced hypothermia, since their deletion suppressed hypothermia. Although activation of vesicular gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter-expressing neurons in the VNC induced slight hypothermia instead of hyperthermia, their deletion did not affect 2g load-induced hypothermia. Thus, we concluded that 2g load-induced hypothermia resulted from sympathoinhibition via the activation of VGLUT2-expressing neurons in the VNC.
Heat shock protein 90-targeted photodynamic therapy enables treatment of subcutaneous and visceral tumors
Authors: Kaneko Kensuke , Osada Takuya , Morse Michael A. , Gwin William R. , Ginzel Joshua D. , Snyder Joshua C. , Yang Xiao-Yi , Liu Cong-Xiao , Diniz Márcio A. , Bodoor Khaldon , Hughes Philip F. , Haystead Timothy AJ. , Lyerly H. Kim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) ablates malignancies by applying focused near-infrared (nIR) light onto a lesion of interest after systemic administration of a photosensitizer (PS); however, the accumulation of existing PS is not tumor-exclusive. We developed a tumor-localizing strategy for PDT, exploiting the high expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in cancer cells to retain high concentrations of PS by tethering a small molecule Hsp90 inhibitor to a PS (verteporfin, VP) to create an Hsp90-targeted PS (HS201). HS201 accumulates to a greater extent than VP in breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in increased treatment efficacy of HS201-PDT in various human breast cancer xenografts regardless of molecular and clinical subtypes. The therapeutic index achieved with Hsp90-targeted PDT would permit treatment not only of localized tumors, but also more diffusely infiltrating processes such as inflammatory breast cancer.
A framework for glass-box physics rule learner and its application to nano-scale phenomena
Authors: Cho In Ho , Li Qiang , Biswas Rana , Kim Jaeyoun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAttempts to use machine learning to discover hidden physical rules are in their infancy, and such attempts confront more challenges when experiments involve multifaceted measurements over three-dimensional objects. Here we propose a framework that can infuse scientists’ basic knowledge into a glass-box rule learner to extract hidden physical rules behind complex physics phenomena. A “convolved information index” is proposed to handle physical measurements over three-dimensional nano-scale specimens, and the multi-layered convolutions are “externalized” over multiple depths at the information level, not in the opaque networks. A transparent, flexible link function is proposed as a mathematical expression generator, thereby pursuing “glass-box” prediction. Consistent evolution is realized by integrating a Bayesian update and evolutionary algorithms. The framework is applied to nano-scale contact electrification phenomena, and results show promising performances in unraveling transparent expressions of a hidden physical rule. The proposed approach will catalyze a synergistic machine learning-physics partnership.
OSIRIS-REx spectral analysis of (101955) Bennu by multivariate statistics
Authors: Barucci M. A. , Hasselmann P. H. , Praet A. , Fulchignoni M. , Deshapriya J. D. P. , Fornasier S. , Merlin F. , Clark B. E. , Simon A. A. , Hamilton V. E. , Emery J. P. , Howell E. S. , Brucato J. R. , Cloutis E. A. , Zou X. D. , Li J.-Y. , Michel P. , Ferrone S. , Poggiali G. , Reuter D. C. , DellaGiustina D. N. , Lauretta D. S. 
Published: May 2020

Contact.The NASA New Frontiers asteroid sample return mission Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) has provided a large amount of data on the asteroid (101955) Bennu, including high-quality spectra obtained by the OSIRIS-REx Visible and InfraRed Spectrometer (OVIRS).Aims.To better constrain the surface properties and compositional variations of Bennu, we studied the visible and near-infrared spectral behavior across the asteroid surface by means of a statistical analysis aiming to distinguish spectrally distinct groups, if present.Methods.We applied theG-mode multivariate statistical analysis to the near-infrared OVIRS spectra to obtain an automatic statistical clustering at different confidence levels.Results.The statistical analysis highlights spectral variations on the surface of Bennu. Five distinct spectral groups are identified at a 2σconfidence level. At a higher confidence level of 3σ, no grouping is observed.Conclusions.The results at a 2σconfidence level distinguish a dominant spectral behavior group (group 1, background) and four small groups showing spectral slope variations, associated with areas with different surface properties. The background group contains most of the analyzed data, which implies a globally homogeneous surface at the spectral and spatial resolution of the data. The small groups with redder spectra are concentrated around the equatorial ridge and are associated with morphological surface features such as specific craters and boulders. No significant variation is detected in the band area or depth of the 2.74μm band, which is associated with hydrated phyllosilicate content. The spectral slope variations are interpreted as a consequence of different regolith particle sizes, and/or porosity, and/or space weathering, that is, the presence of more or less fresh material. The OSIRIS-REx mission primary sampling site, Nightingale, and a boulder known as the Roc, are redder than the background surface.
Schimmel im Outdoor-Bereich – klinisch bedeutsam?
Authors: Rabe Uta 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungAlternaria alternata ist ein bedeutsames Inhalationsallergen. Bei ca. 6 % der in unserer Einrichtung betreuten Patienten mit einer Beschwerdesymptomatik an den oberen und unteren Atemwegen in den Sommermonaten fanden wir eine Sensibilisierung gegenüber diesem Allergen. Sehr häufig sind bei Kindern und Jugendlichen die Sporen für die Entwicklung oder Persistenz einer unspezifischen bronchialen Hyperreaktivität und zum Teil für therapierefraktären Reizhusten bzw. therapierefraktäres Asthma im Sommer verantwortlich. Wenn bei Graspollenallergikern die Beschwerden über Ende Juni hinaus persistieren, kann eine Allergie gegenüber Beifuß-Pollen, aber auch eine Allergie gegenüber Alternaria-Sporen ursächlich sein. Häufig bestehen Graspollen- und Alternaria-Allergie gleichzeitig. In den Sommermonaten treten des Öfteren gleichzeitig hohe Sporen- und hohe Pollenkonzentrationen auf. Um zu differenzieren, welches Allergen z. B. für schwerere allergische Reaktionen, vor allen Dingen für asthmatische Beschwerden, verantwortlich ist, weisen wir auf die Notwendigkeit des Führens eines Symptomkalenders durch die Patienten hin. Insbesondere bei Doppel- oder 3-Fachsensibilisierungen werden Therapieentscheidungen und -empfehlungen erleichtert. Informationen zu regionalen Pollen- und Alternaria-Sporenbelastungen sollten zur Verfügung stehen (Stiftung Deutscher Polleninformationsdienst, Deutscher Wetterdienst). Wie hoch auch in Deutschland die Alternaria-Sporenbelastung sein kann, zeigen die Auswertungen der regionalen Pollenfalle Treuenbrietzen. Bedeutsam sind Sporenfragmente von Alternaria alternata. Diese treten z. B. nach Gewittern auf und haben für die Auslösung von Asthma-Exazerbationen eine hohe Relevanz. Vor dem Beginn einer SIT mit Alternaria alternata sollte die klinische Bedeutsamkeit der Sensibilisierung durch Schleimhautprovokationstests bewiesen werden.Die Indikationsstellung für die Durchführung einer spezifischen Immuntherapie mit Alternaria alternata entspricht dem Vorgehen auch bei anderen Inhalationsallergien, insbesondere Pollenallergien. Entsprechende Empfehlungen sind in der aktuellen Leitlinie nachzulesen 1. Die Allergenextrakte von Alternaria alternata sind in der Anwendung und Verträglichkeit ebenso sicher wie die anderer Inhalationsallergene.