bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of local level planning policies for reducing greenhouse gases: insight from new buildings in Scotland
Authors: Onyango Vincent , Burford Neil 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to assess performance of local level planning policies that required new buildings to avoid a specified and rising proportion of projected greenhouse gases (GHGs) from their use; it is calculated based on the approved design and plans for the specific development and through the installation and operation of low and zero-carbon generating technologies (LZCGTs).Design/methodology/approachData were extracted from a random sample of 911 new builds from 403 planning applications and related documents, across five Scottish local planning authorities (LPAs) who adopted GHG reduction policies. The data included GHG reduction, LZCGT installation and performance, use of plan designs to meet GHG reductions and exemptions from the GHG policies. Descriptive statistics using SPSS software, complimented by qualitative responses from questionnaires, helped to explain observed performance.FindingsThe policies performed poorly, at the level of delivering low-hanging fruits, with significant room for improvement. Design-led opportunities in the GHG policies were not actively pursued; most LZCGT installation was exempted from GHG policies and the policies were poor in targeting the relationship between building unit size, GHG emission and reductions.Research limitations/implicationsThe source documents, where the data came from, had varying quality and completeness and some LPAs are over-represented in the data. The study applied limited criteria to evaluate policy performance.Practical implicationsAreas for policymakers to further focus on when exploring how to enhance role and performance of LZCGT are highlighted, including practical suggestions.Originality/valueOne of the few studies assessing policy performance and distilling lessons, from early adopters of GHG policies at local level planning, offer performance benchmarks and raise points of concern for policymakers.
Influence of selective laser sintering process parameters on microstructure and physicochemical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) for the production of scaffolds
Authors: Higa Camila Fernandes , Gradowski Thatyanne , Elifio-Esposito Selene , de Oliveira Marcelo Fernandes , Inforçatti Paulo , da Silva Jorge Vicente Lopes , Amorim Fred Lacerda , Meruvia Michelle Sostag 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the production of scaffolds by selective laser sintering (SLS) using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer, for in vitro studies, a relatively new and growing area in which scaffolds could be used in the design of three-dimensional models for in vitro disease model or tissue equivalent for safety and effectiveness tests.

Design/methodology/approach
The influence of the SLS process parameters laser power, 26 W and 32 W, and number of laser scans, 1, 2, 4 and 6, on the surface microstructure of the samples and on the degree of crystallinity and chemical stability of PVA material, was investigated using powder with particle size of 20-320 µm. Laser sintered PVA samples were subjected to cell culture tests using osteoblastic cells derived from human osteosarcoma (SaOs-2).

Findings
The laser power has no significant influence on the microstructure of the laser-sintered samples, however the number of scans has a considerable influence on the sintering degree; the SLS process causes a decrease in the degree of crystallinity and changes the chemical structure of the as-received PVA, especially when using higher laser power and more number of scans. Preliminary in vitro cell culture tests show that the laser-sintered PVA material is biocompatible with SaOs-2 cells.

Originality/value
SLS offers good potential for the fabrication of scaffolds and thus, may be applied as an alternative to conventional scaffold fabrication processes to overcome their limitations.
Aerial magnetic mapping with an unmanned aerial vehicle and a fluxgate magnetometer: a new method for rapid mapping and upscaling from the field to regional scale
Authors: Le Maire Pauline , Bertrand Lionel , Munschy Marc , Diraison Marc , Géraud Yves 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTMagnetic measurements with an unmanned aerial vehicle are ideal for filling the gap between ground and airborne magnetic surveying. However, to obtain accurate aeromagnetic data, the compensation of magnetic effects of the unmanned aerial vehicle is a challenge. Typically, scalar magnetometers are towed several metres under the unmanned aerial vehicle to minimize its magnetic field. In this study, a fluxgate three‐component magnetometer is attached 42 cm in front of the unmanned aerial vehicle at the tip of a composite pipe. Using a scalar calibration, the sensor can be calibrated, and the permanent and induced magnetic fields of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be compensated. The contributions of the magnetic measurements at different altitudes to the unmanned aerial vehicle results were tested over an area of 1 km² in the Northern Vosges Mountains. The area is located in a hamlet surrounded by a forest where few geological outcrops are observed. Three magnetic surveys of the same area are obtained at different altitudes: 100, 30 and 1 m above the ground. The unmanned aerial vehicle magnetic data are compared with a helicopter aeromagnetic survey at 300 m above the ground and a ground magnetic survey using upward continuations of the maps to compare the results. The magnetic maps (300, 100, 30 and 1 m above the ground) show very different magnetic anomaly patterns (e.g. amplitude, shape, wavelength and orientation). The magnetic data at different altitudes improve the understanding of the geology from the local to more general scales.
Constructing the job‐finding rate and separation rate of Hong Kong labour market
Authors: Wang Bin , Kwan Yum K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper constructs two essential time series of the aggregate labour market in Hong Kong: the job‐finding rate and the separation rate. The average job‐finding rate per month is 27.54% while the average separation rate per month is 1.29%. These numbers are similar to those for Nordic and Anglo‐Saxon countries. Variance decomposition shows that the separation rate contributes to more than half the variation of the unemployment rate.
Bacterial symbiosis in Bactrocera oleae, an Achilles’ heel for its pest control
Authors: Bigiotti Gaia , Sacchetti Patrizia , Pastorelli Roberta , Lauzon Carol R. , Belcari Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInvestigations on microbial symbioses in Tephritidae have increased over the past 30 years owing to the potential use of these relationships in developing new control strategies for economically important fruit flies. Bactrocera oleae (Rossi)—the olive fruit fly—is a monophagous species strictly associated with the olive tree, and among all the tephritids, its symbionts are the most investigated. The bacterium Candidatus Erwinia dacicola is the major persistent resident endosymbiont in wild B. oleae populations. Its relationship with B. oleae has been investigated since being identified in 2005. This endosymbiont is vertically transmitted through generations from the female to the egg. It exists at every developmental stage, although it is more abundant in larvae and ovipositing females, and is necessary for both larvae and adults. Studying B. oleae–Ca. E. dacicola, or other B. oleae–microbe interactions, will allow us to develop modern biological control systems for area‐wide olive protection and set an example for similar programs in other important food crops. This review summarizes the information available on tephritid–microbe interactions and investigates relationships among fruit flies, bacteria and host plants; however, its focus is on B. oleae and its strict association with Ca. E. dacicola to promote environmentally friendly control strategies for area‐wide pest management.
Incidence of infection in non‐tunnelled thoracic epidural catheters after major abdominal surgery
Authors: Vogelsang Heike , Lang Alexander , Cevik Bilal , Botteck Nikolaj M. , Weber Thomas P. , Herzog‐Niescery Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThoracic epidural analgesia is beneficial after major abdominal surgery, though side‐effects and complications are rare but potentially devastating. The incidence of catheter‐related infection is approximately 5.5%. Several guidelines have been recommended to prevent complications during thoracic epidural catheterization. Tunnelling is often recommended to reduce the incidence of infections and dislocations.MethodsA retrospective, single‐centre analysis of our acute pain service database was performed between 2010 and 2018. The hygiene measures of the German Society of Anaesthesiology have been incorporated in our standard operating protocol since 2009. The procedure remained constant, but the skin disinfectant was changed from propan‐2‐ol to propan‐2‐ol with octenidine in 2014. Tunnelling of catheters was not performed. We analysed the incidence of catheter‐related infections (primary endpoint) and effect of the used disinfectant (secondary endpoint).ResultsA total of 2755 patients underwent elective major abdominal surgery with thoracic epidural catheterization. Sixteen patients (0.6%) showed symptoms of mild catheter‐related infection. Moderate or severe infections were not observed in any patient. The type of disinfectant did not show any significant effect on the incidence of infection.ConclusionThe incidence of catheter‐related infections was low, and only mild signs of infection were observed. Non‐tunnelling could be an alternative to tunnelling, especially if hygiene protocols are followed, and the duration of catheter use is short. A comprehensive database and regular examinations by trained staff are essential for early detection of abnormalities and immediate removal of the catheter, if required.
Cost‐utility and cost‐effectiveness analysis of a clinical medication review focused on personal goals in older persons with polypharmacy compared to usual care: Economic evaluation of the DREAMeR study
Authors: Verdoorn Sanne , van de Pol Jeroen , Hövels Anke M. , Kwint Henk‐Frans , Blom Jeanet W. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Bouvy Marcel L. 
Published: June 2020

AimsThe ageing society may lead to increasing healthcare expenditure. A clinical medication review (CMR) could potentially reduce costs. The aim of this study is to perform a cost‐utility and cost‐effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective of a patient‐centred CMR.MethodsA trial‐based cost‐utility and cost‐effectiveness analysis was performed as part of the DREAMeR study, a pragmatic controlled trial that randomised patients aged ≥70 years using at least seven drugs to either CMR or usual care. Over six months, healthcare consumption and drug use were collected to estimate costs, and effects were collected in terms of quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) measured with EQ‐5D‐5 L and EQ‐VAS and as reduced health‐related complaints with impact on patients' daily lives.ResultsThe total mean costs per patient (n = 588) over six months were €4,189 ± 6,596 for the control group (n = 294) and €4,008 ± 6,678 for the intervention group (n = 294), including estimated intervention costs of €199 ± 67, which resulted in a mean incremental total cost savings of €181 for the intervention group compared to the control group. Compared to the control group, for the intervention group, the mean incremental QALYs over six months were: −0.00217 measured with EQ‐5D and 0.003 measured with EQ‐VAS. The incremental effect of reduced health‐related complaints with impact was −0.34. There was a likelihood of >90% that the intervention was cost‐saving.ConclusionsThe benefits of a patient‐centred CMR were inconsistent with no benefits on HR‐QoL measured with EQ‐5D‐5 L and small benefits on HR‐QoL measured with EQ‐VAS and health‐related complaints with impact on patients' daily lives. Additionally, a CMR could potentially be cost saving from a societal perspective.
Clinical outcome and prognostic factors of patients with Richter syndrome: real‐world study of the Spanish Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Study Group (GELLC)
Authors: Abrisqueta Pau , Delgado Julio , Alcoceba Miguel , Oliveira Ana Carla , Loscertales Javier , Hernández‐Rivas Jose A. , Ferrà Christelle , Cordoba Raul , Yáñez Lucrecia , Medina Angeles , Motlló Cristina , Iacoboni Gloria , Villacampa Guillermo , González Marcos , Bosch Francesc 
Published: June 2020

SummaryRichter syndrome (RS) is an uncommon evolution of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with a dismal prognosis. Clinical‐biological features predicting outcome and best therapeutic approach for these patients remain to be established. In this study, 128 patients with RS, including 112 diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL)‐type RS, 15 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)‐type RS, and one plasmablastic lymphoma, were identified in 11 centres of the Spanish CLL Study Group (GELLC). The median overall survival (OS) was 5·9 months for DLBCL‐type RS and 30·8 months for HL‐type RS. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, haemoglobin level, platelet count, serum lactate dehydrogenase and β2‐microglobulin levels, tumour protein p53 (TP53) abnormalities in the CLL clone concomitant to RS, number of prior therapies, and clonal relationship between CLL and RS, were associated with OS in patients with DLBCL‐type RS. A platelet count of <100 × 109/l, prior CLL therapy (0 vs. ≥1), and presence of TP53 alterations maintained an independent prognostic impact in the multivariate analysis. Patients without any of these factors had a better clinical outcome, with a median OS of 75·3 months, while patients with one or two or more of these factors presented a median OS of 25·5 and 3 months, respectively. Although OS of patients with RS is generally poor, a proportion of patients achieved prolonged survival. Treatment of RS remains a medical need, and further therapeutic approaches with novel therapies are warranted.
The coronavirus (COVID‐19) fatality risk perception of US adult residents in March and April 2020
Authors: Niepel Christoph , Kranz Dirk , Borgonovi Francesca , Emslander Valentin , Greiff Samuel 
Published: June 2020

The study compares empirical results on the coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 (causing COVID‐19) fatality risk perception of US adult residents stratified for age, gender, and race in mid‐March 2020 (N1 = 1,182) and mid‐April 2020 (N2 = 953). While the fatality risk perception has increased from March 2020 to April 2020, our findings suggest that many US adult residents severely underestimated their absolute and relative fatality risk (i.e., differentiated for subgroups defined by pre‐existing medical conditions and age) at both time points compared to current epidemiological figures. These results are worrying because risk perception, as our study indicates, relates to actual or intended health‐protective behaviour that can reduce SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission rates.
Knockdown of G‐protein‐signaling modulator 2 promotes metastasis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer by inducing the expression of Snail
Authors: Deng Mingming , Liu Bofang , Zhang Zhe , Chen Yang , Wang Yizhe , Wang Ximing , Lv Qingjie , Yang Xianghong , Hou Kezuo , Che Xiaofang , Qu Xiujuan , Liu Yunpeng , Zhang Ye , Hu Xuejun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading global cause of cancer‐related death. Due to the lack of reliable diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, the prognosis of NSCLC remains poor. Consequently, there is an urgent need to explore the mechanisms underlying this condition in order to identify effective biomarkers. G‐protein‐signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2) is widely recognized as a determinant of mitotic spindle orientation. However, its role in cancer, especially NSCLC, remains uncertain. In this study, we found that GPSM2 was downregulated in NSCLC tissues and was correlated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, the knockdown of GPSM2 promoted NSCLC cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo and accelerated the process of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, we showed that silencing GPSM2 induced cell metastasis and EMT through the ERK/glycogen synthase kinase‐3β/Snail pathway. These results confirm that GPSM2 plays an important role in NSCLC. Moreover, GPSM2, as an independent prognostic factor, could be a potential prognostic biomarker and drug target for NSCLC.
Methyl brevifolincarboxylate, a novel influenza virus PB2 inhibitor from Canarium Album (Lour.) Raeusch
Authors: Chen Fangzhao , Yang Luoping , Zhai Lingyan , Huang Yingna , Chen Feimin , Duan Wenjun , Yang Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMethyl brevifolincarboxylate (MBC) was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch. The structure was identified, and the effect on influenza A virus infection was evaluated. MBC exhibited inhibitory activity against influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) with IC50 values of 27.16 ± 1.39 μM and 33.41 ± 2.34 μM. Mechanism studies indicated that MBC inhibited the replication of influenza A virus by targeting PB2 cap‐binding domain. Our results demonstrated MBC was a potent PB2 cap‐binding inhibitor and represented as a new type of promising lead compound for the development of anti‐influenza virus drugs from natural products.
CpG methylation signature defines human temporal lobe epilepsy and predicts drug‐resistant
Authors: Xiao Wenbiao , Liu Chaorong , Zhong Kuo , Ning Shangwei , Hou Rui , Deng Na , Xu Yuchen , Luo Zhaohui , Fu Yujiao , Zeng Yi , Xiao Bo , Long Hongyu , Long Lili 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common focal epilepsy syndrome in adults and frequently develops drug resistance. Studies have investigated the value of peripheral DNA methylation signature as molecular biomarker for diagnosis or prognosis. We aimed to explore methylation biomarkers for TLE diagnosis and pharmacoresistance prediction.MethodsWe initially conducted genome‐wide DNA methylation profiling in TLE patients, and then selected candidate CpGs in training cohort and validated in another independent cohort by employing machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, nomogram comprising DNA methylation and clinicopathological data was generated to predict the drug response in the entire patient cohort. Lastly, bioinformatics analysis for CpG‐associated genes was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis.ResultsAfter screening and validation, eight CpGs were identified for diagnostic biomarker with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81 and six CpGs for drug‐resistant prediction biomarker with an AUC of 0.79. The nomogram for drug‐resistant prediction comprised methylation risk score, disease course, seizure frequency, and hippocampal sclerosis, with AUC as high as 0.96. Bioinformatics analysis indicated drug response–related CpGs corresponding genes closely related to DNA methylation.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the ability to use peripheral DNA methylation signature as molecular biomarker for epilepsy diagnosis and drug‐resistant prediction.
Using environmental and geographic data to optimize ex situ collections and preserve evolutionary potential
Authors: N. Di Santo Lionel , Hamilton Jill A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMaintenance of biodiversity through seed banks and botanical gardens, where the wealth of species’ genetic variation may be preserved ex situ, is a major goal of conservation. However, challenges can persist in optimizing ex situ collections if trade‐offs exist among cost, effort, and conserving species evolutionary potential, particularly when genetic data are not available. We evaluated the genetic consequences of population preservation informed by geographic (isolation by distance [IBD]) and environmental (isolation by environment [IBE]) distance for ex situ collections for which population provenance is available. We used 19 genetic and genomic data sets from 15 plant species to assess the proportion of population genetic differentiation explained by geographic and environmental factors and to simulate ex situ collections prioritizing source populations based on pairwise geographic distance, environmental distance, or both. Specifically, we tested the impact prioritizing sampling based on these distances may have on the capture of neutral, functional, or putatively adaptive genetic diversity and differentiation. Individually, IBD and IBE explained limited population genetic differences across all 3 genetic marker classes (IBD, 10–16%; IBE, 1–5.5%). Together, they explained a substantial proportion of population genetic differences for functional (45%) and adaptive (71%) variation. Simulated ex situ collections revealed that inclusion of IBD, IBE, or both increased allelic diversity and genetic differentiation captured among populations, particularly for loci that may be important for adaptation. Thus, prioritizing population collections based on environmental and geographic distance data can optimize genetic variation captured ex situ. For the vast majority of plant species for which there is no genetic information, these data are invaluable to conservation because they can guide preservation of genetic variation needed to maintain evolutionary potential within collections.
Wirkung von Isotretinoin auf den Glukosestoffwechsel bei Patienten mit Akne: eine systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse
Authors: Tsai Tsung‐Yu , Liu Han‐Wen , Chao Yuan‐Chen , Huang Yu‐Chen 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungFrühere Studien, die über den Einfluss einer Isotretinoin‐Therapie auf den Glukosestoffwechsel berichteten, haben widersprüchliche Resultate erbracht. Unser Ziel war es daher, die Auswirkungen einer Isotretinoin‐Therapie auf Veränderungen der Insulinresistenz und den Serumspiegel von Adiponektin bei Patienten mit Akne zu untersuchen. Es wurde eine systematische Durchsicht und Metaanalyse der Literatur vorgenommen, die seit der Einführung von Isotretinoin bis zum 31. März 2019 erschienen ist. Da es keine kontrollierten Studien gab, wurden Open‐Label‐Studien mit Akne‐Patienten, die mit Isotretinoin behandelt worden waren, in die Analyse aufgenommen. Zwölf Studien erfüllten die Einschlusskriterien. Zu den Endpunkten zählten Veränderungen in der Homöostasemodellbewertung der Insulinresistenz (HOMA‐IR) und der Serumspiegel von Adiponektin nach Isotretinoin‐Therapie. Die gepoolte Analyse zeigte, dass sich die HOMA‐IR‐Werte nach Isotretinoin‐Behandlung nicht signifikant veränderten (standardisierte Mittelwertdifferenz [SMD] = 0,183; 95 %‐Konfidenzintervall [KI] = –0,004 bis 0,371; I2 = 38,3), während der Adiponektin‐Spiegel signifikant anstieg (SMD = 0,512; 95 %‐KI = 0,327 bis 0,698; I2 = 10,7). In unserer Analyse kamen wir zu dem Schluss, dass eine Isotretinoin‐Therapie bei Patienten mit Akne zu einer erhöhten Konzentration von Adiponektin im Serum führte, aber keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf den Grad der Insulinresistenz hatte.