bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term morbidity in major affective and schizoaffective disorders following hospitalization in first psychotic episodes
Authors: Salvatore Paola , Khalsa Harimandir K. , Tohen Mauricio , Baldessarini Ross J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate morbidity during long‐term follow‐up with clinical treatment of affective and schizoaffective disorder subjects followed from hospitalization for first major psychotic episodes.MethodsWe followed adult subjects systematically at regular intervals from hospitalization for first‐lifetime episodes of major affective and schizoaffective disorders with initial psychotic features. We compiled % of days with morbidity types from detailed records and life charts, reviewed earliest antecedent morbidities, compared both with final diagnoses and initial presenting illness types, and evaluated morbidity risk factors with regression modeling.FindingsWith final diagnoses of bipolar‐I (BD‐I, n = 216), schizoaffective (SzAffD, 71), and major depressive (MDD, 42) disorders, 329 subjects were followed for 4.47 [CI: 4.20–4.47] years. Initial episodes were mania (41.6%), mixed states (24.3%), depression (19.5%), or apparent nonaffective psychosis (14.6%). Antecedent morbidity presented 12.7 years before first episodes (ages: SzAffD ≤ BD‐I < MDD). Long‐term % of days ill ranked SzAffD (83.0%), MDD (57.8%), BD‐I (45.0%). Morbidity differed by diagnosis and first‐episode types, and was predicted by first episodes and suggested by antecedent illnesses. Long‐term wellness was greater with BD‐I diagnosis, first episode not mixed or psychotic nonaffective, rapid onset, and being older at first antecedents, but not follow‐up duration.ConclusionsInitially, psychotic BD‐I, SzAffD, or MDD subjects followed for 4.47 years from first hospitalization experienced much illness, especially depressive or dysthymic, despite ongoing clinical treatment. Antecedent symptoms arose years before index first episodes; antecedents and first episode types predicted types and amounts of long‐term morbidity, which ranked: SzAffD > MDD > BD‐I.
Histo‐morphology of the thyroid gland during the larval development of Pleurodema borellii (Anura, Leptodactylidae)
Authors: Cruz Julio César 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe thyroid gland is essential in anurans, since thyroid hormones (TH) are the main regulators of larval development. Its absence or inactivity interrupts development and precludes metamorphosis. Histological changes are important diagnostic criteria for evaluating thyroid gland activity. However, there is a large larval diversity where the development of the thyroid gland development has not been studied. Pleurodema borellii is an anuran from northwest of Argentina with typical omnivorous pond tadpoles that can be easily raised in captivity. This study explores the histo‐morphological changes of the thyroid gland architecture during larval development. Histological parameters indicate peak glandular activity in parallel with the intensity of the metamorphic transformations. These parameters regress towards the end of metamorphosis, indicating low TH release. P. borellii's thyroid gland does not appear to have relevant activity in post‐metamorphic juvenile stages. This study is a first step towards understanding endocrine regulation during the development of Pleurodema borellii, and a reference to future studies in this species involving thyroid‐dependent processes.
The ethics of grandfather clauses in healthcare resource allocation
Authors: Wester Gry , Gibson Rand Leah Zoe , Lu Christine , Sheehan Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA grandfather clause is a provision whereby an old rule continues to apply to some existing situation while a new rule applies to all future cases. This paper focuses on the use of grandfather clauses in health technology appraisals (HTAs) issued by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom. NICE provides evidence‐based guidance on healthcare technologies and public health interventions that influence resource allocation decisions in the National Health Service (NHS) and the broader public sector in England and Wales. In this context, a grandfather clause is included when NICE does not recommend treatment with a given technology. The grandfather clause provides an exemption from the general recommendation for patients who have already started treatment with the technology in question, before the publication of the NICE guidance. In this paper we first lay out the contexts in which grandfather clauses occur in NICE guidance, and then consider ethical arguments against and in support of grandfather clauses and the continuation of treatment. We argue that NICE’s current practice of automatic inclusion of a grandfather clause is ethically problematic and unfair. While the inclusion of a grandfather clause may be appropriate and justified in specific cases, we argue that inclusion of such a clause should be considered as part and parcel of the decision making process on a case by case basis, rather than adopted as the default.
A Curvature and Density‐based Generative Representation of Shapes
Authors: Ye Z. , Umetani N. , Igarashi T. , Hoffmann T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces a generative model for 3D surfaces based on a representation of shapes with mean curvature and metric, which are invariant under rigid transformation. Hence, compared with existing 3D machine learning frameworks, our model substantially reduces the influence of translation and rotation. In addition, the local structure of shapes will be more precisely captured, since the curvature is explicitly encoded in our model. Specifically, every surface is first conformally mapped to a canonical domain, such as a unit disk or a unit sphere. Then, it is represented by two functions: the mean curvature half‐density and the vertex density, over this canonical domain. Assuming that input shapes follow a certain distribution in a latent space, we use the variational autoencoder to learn the latent space representation. After the learning, we can generate variations of shapes by randomly sampling the distribution in the latent space. Surfaces with triangular meshes can be reconstructed from the generated data by applying isotropic remeshing and spin transformation, which is given by Dirac equation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model on datasets of man‐made and biological shapes and compare the results with other methods.
Adapting participatory processes to fine‐tune conservation approaches in multiactor decision settings
Authors: Buchs Arnaud , Hassenforder Emeline , Meinard Yves 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConservation decisions are typically made in complex, dynamic, and uncertain settings, where multiple actors raise diverse and potentially conflicting claims, champion different and sometimes contradictory values, and enjoy varying degrees of freedom and power to act and influence collective decisions. Therefore, effective conservation actions require conservation scientists and practitioners to take into account the complexity of multiactor settings. We devised a framework to help conservation biologists and practitioners in this task. Institutional economic theories, which are insufficiently cited in the conservation literature, contain useful insights for conservation. Among these theories, the economies of worth can significantly contribute to conservation because it can be used to classify the types of values peoples or groups refer to when they interact during the elaboration and implementation of conservation projects. Refining this approach, we designed a framework to help conservation professionals grasp the relevant differences among settings in which decisions related to conservation actions are to be made, so that they can adapt their approaches to the features of the settings they encounter. This framework distinguishes 6 types of agreements and disagreements that can occur between actors involved in a conservation project (harmony, stricto sensu arrangement, deliberated arrangement, unilateral and reciprocal compromise, and locked‐in), depending on whether they disagree on values or on their applications and on whether they can converge toward common values by working together. We identified key questions that conservationists should answer to adapt their strategy to the disagreements they encounter and identified relevant participatory processes to complete the adaptation.
The De Ritis ratio as prognostic biomarker of in‐hospital mortality in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , Arru Francesco , De Vito Andrea , Sassu Alessandro , Valdes Giovanni , Scano Valentina , Zinellu Elisabetta , Perra Roberto , Madeddu Giordano , Carru Ciriaco , Pirina Pietro , Mangoni Arduino A. , Babudieri Sergio , Fois Alessandro G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncreased concentrations of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) are common in COVID‐19 patients. However, their capacity to predict mortality, particularly the AST/ALT ratio, commonly referred to as the De Ritis ratio, is unknown. We investigated the association between the De Ritis ratio on admission and in‐hospital mortality in 105 consecutive patients with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) admitted to three COVID‐19 referral centres in Sardinia, Italy. The De Ritis ratio was significantly lower in survivors than nonsurvivors (median: 1.25; IQR: 0.91‐1.64 vs 1.67; IQR: 1.38‐1.97, P = .002) whilst there were no significant between‐group differences in ALT and AST concentrations. In ROC curve analysis, the AUC value of the De Ritis ratio was 0.701 (95% CI 0.603‐0.787, P = .0006) with sensitivity and specificity of 74% and 70%, respectively. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves showed a significant association between the De Ritis ratio and mortality (logrank test P = .014). By contrast, no associations were observed between the ALT and AST concentrations and mortality (logrank test P = .83 and P = .62, respectively). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the HR in patients with De Ritis ratios ≥1.63 (upper tertile of this parameter) remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, cardiovascular disease, intensity of care, diabetes, respiratory diseases, malignancies and kidney disease (HR: 2.46, 95% CI 1.05‐5.73, P = .037). Therefore, the De Ritis ratio on admission was significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality in COVID‐19 patients. Larger studies are required to confirm the capacity of this parameter to independently predict mortality in this group.
Incidence and treatment of arrhythmias secondary to coronavirus infection in humans: A systematic review
Authors: Malaty Michael , Kayes Tahrima , Amarasekera Anjalee T , Kodsi Matthew , MacIntyre C Raina , Tan Timothy C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Arrhythmias are prevalent and reportedly, the second most common complication. Several mechanistic pathways are proposed to explain the pro‐arrhythmic effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. A number of treatment approaches have been trialled, each with its inherent unique challenges. This rapid systematic review aimed to examine the current incidence and available treatment of arrhythmias in COVID‐19, as well as barriers to implementation.MethodsOur search of scientific databases identified relevant published studies from 1 January 2000 until 1 June 2020. We also searched Google Scholar for grey literature. We identified 1729 publications of which 1704 were excluded.ResultsThe incidence and nature of arrhythmias in the setting of COVID‐19 were poorly documented across studies. The cumulative incidence of arrhythmia across studies of hospitalised patients was 6.9%. Drug‐induced long QT syndrome secondary to antimalarial and antimicrobial therapy was a significant contributor to arrhythmia formation, with an incidence of 14.15%. Torsades de pointes (TdP) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) were reported. Treatment strategies aim to minimise this through risk stratification and regular monitoring of corrected QT interval (QTc).ConclusionPatients with SARS‐CoV‐2 are at an increased risk of arrhythmias. Drug therapy is pro‐arrhythmogenic and may result in TdP and SCD in these patients. Risk assessment and regular QTc monitoring are imperative for safety during the treatment course. Further studies are needed to guide future decision‐making.
Headache and Left Ventricular Efficiency After Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Matsuoka Ryohei , Muneuchi Jun , Nagatomo Yusaku , Sugitani Yuichiro , Ezaki Hiroki , Doi Hirohito , Watanabe Mamie 
Published: October 2020

Objective/BackgroundThis study aimed to clarify the relationship between migraine‐like headache and ventriculo‐arterial coupling after transcatheter closure of the atrial septal defect in children. We hypothesized that migraine headache after defect closure would be related to an abnormal hemodynamic response against an increased left ventricular filling.DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsWe calculated the end‐ventricular systolic elastance (Ees), effective arterial elastance (Ea), and ventricular energy efficiency approximated based on echocardiography before and after defect closure, and compared these parameters between the subjects with and without headache after defect closure.ResultsA total of 167 subjects were studied. Age at the procedure, defect diameter, and pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio were 11 (9‐17) years, 12.8 (9.2‐16.0) mm, and 1.8 (1.6‐2.3), respectively. We identified 47 (28%) subjects with migraine headache after defect closure. Although there was no significant difference in the Ees, Ea, and ventricular energy efficiency before defect closure between the groups, the Ees (4.0 [3.4‐4.9] vs 4.8 [3.7‐6.1], P = .014) and ventricular energy efficiency (0.79 [0.76‐0.82] vs 0.83 [0.79‐0.85], P = .001) after defect closure in subjects with headache were significantly lower than those in subjects without headache. Migraine headache after defect closure was significantly associated with age (odds ratio: 0.97, 95% confidential interval: 0.94‐1.00, P = .036) and a decrease in the ventricular energy efficiency after defect closure (odds ratio: 6.42, 95% confidential interval: 2.76‐14.90, P < .001).ConclusionA loss of ventricular energy efficiency was common in pediatric subjects with migraine‐like headache after transcatheter closure of the atrial septal defect, which suggested that the left ventricular function maladaptation was related to headache development after defect closure. We advocate that an impaired ventriculo‐arterial coupling may be one of the mechanisms for developing attacks in not only this population but also in other patients with migraine.
Intermediate Units in Multinational Corporations: Advancing Theory on their Co‐parenting Role, Dynamics and Outcomes
Authors: Pla‐Barber José , Botella‐Andreu Ana , Villar Cristina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDue to the dispersion of headquarters’ activities across organizational and geographical boundaries, intermediate units (IUs) are emerging as a key actor in international business. These units are intermediate structural layers between headquarters (HQ) and local subsidiaries with specific HQ responsibilities. Through a systematic review of 68 studies published between 1996 and 2020, we develop a conceptual framework that integrates complementary streams of theoretical and empirical research with IUs as the focal unit of analysis. Our aims are to disentangle how the main theories in this field address the antecedents of IU creation, and explain the dynamism in the roles and functions of IUs and their outcomes. We also propose a conceptualization of IUs as co‐parents in a dynamic system in which parenting functions are shared by IUs and headquarters. Finally, we highlight avenues for future research, emphasizing opportunities to advance the understanding of IUs using different theoretical lenses that may help scholars position their work within the broader stream of literature.
First record of Gorgona guitarfish (Pseudobatos prahli) off the Baja California peninsula with updated key to the guitarfishes of the North Eastern Pacific
Authors: Rutledge Kelsi M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Gorgona guitarfish is a poorly documented ray found in the Eastern Pacific. It can be distinguished from its congeners due to its distinctive coloration and rostral cartilages. Here I document an extensive northern range expansion of almost 2000 km based on a juvenile specimen caught off the Baja California Peninsula. This specimen also represents the smallest documented individual of this species, along with the first quantitative morphometric data reported since the 1995 description. Additionally, an updated key to the guitarfishes of the North Eastern Pacific is included.
Can an advanced audiology‐led service reduce waiting times for paediatric ear nose and throat outpatient services?
Authors: Pokorny Michelle A , Thorne Peter R , Whitfield Bernard CS , Lee Arier C , Wilson Wayne J 
Published: October 2020

AimChildren with middle ear disease often experience lengthy delays waiting for outpatient paediatric ear nose and throat (ENT) services. This study aimed to investigate whether an alternative service delivery model using audiologists working in an expanded scope of practice reduced waiting times for children to access such services.MethodsA total of 131 children consecutively referred to a large ENT outpatient service in Queensland, Australia, for middle ear and hearing concerns were prospectively allocated to either a standard ENT service or an advanced audiology (AA)‐led service. Waiting times and attendance rates were collected and compared between the two patient groups.ResultsThe median waiting time from referral to first offered appointment was 96 days for children in the AA‐led service versus 417.5 days for children in the standard ENT service. Seventy‐nine percent of children in the AA‐led service attended their first offered appointment versus 61% in the standard ENT service. For children receiving grommets, the median waiting time from initial referral to grommet insertion was 226 days for children in the AA‐led service versus 627 days for children in the standard ENT service.ConclusionThe AA‐led service was an effective alternative pathway to reduce waiting times for children referred to ENT services with middle ear and hearing concerns.
Trends in pediatric hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive respiratory diseases in Brazil
Authors: Carneiro Viviane Santos Mendes , Vila Vanessa Carvalho da Silva , Vieira Maria Aparecida da Silva 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the trend in hospitalization rates for ambulatory care sensitive respiratory diseases (ACSRD) of children under five years of age in Brazil.DesignTime series study of hospitalization rates using secondary information from the Hospital Information System of the Brazil's Unified Health System.SampleHospitalizations of children under five years of age living in Brazilian regions. Hospitalizations were separated according to cause: nose and throat infections, asthma, bacterial pneumonias, and lung diseases.MeasurementsRates were calculated for total hospitalizations for ACSRD, and by cause, age group, and region. Trends were analyzed by using means of simple linear regression and were classified into stationary (p ≥ .05), ascending (β positive and p < .05) or declining (β negative and p < .05) trends.ResultsAll regions showed stationary trends in total hospitalization rates for ACSRDs, except in the Southeast, where trends were ascending. Asthma was the only cause that showed a declining trend. Bacterial pneumonias showed stationary trends, while lung diseases and nose and throat infections had predominantly ascending trends.ConclusionBrazil's hospitalization rates for ACSRDs are high. Investigations into primary health care organization and work processes, as well as socioeconomic, cultural, and geographical factors are necessary.
fusionImage: An R package for pan‐sharpening images in open source software
Authors: Cánovas‐García Fulgencio , Pesántez‐Cobos Paúl , Alonso‐Sarría Francisco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of this article is to evaluate the performance of three pan‐sharpening algorithms (high‐pass filter, principal component analysis and Gram–Schmidt) to increase the spatial resolution of five types of multispectral images and to evaluate the results in terms of color, coherence and spatial sharpness, both qualitatively and quantitatively. A secondary objective is to present an implementation of the aforementioned pan‐sharpening techniques within the open source software R. From a qualitative point of view, pan‐sharpening of images with a high spatial resolution ratio give better results than those whose spatial resolution ratio is 2. According to the quantitative evaluation, there is no pan‐sharpening methodology that obtains optimal results simultaneously for all types of images used. The results of the spectral and spatial ERGAS index vary for four out of the five types of images analyzed. The results show that none of the methods implemented in this work can be considered a priori better than the others. At the same time, this work indicates the importance of both qualitative and quantitative assessment.
Nebulization of epinephrine to reduce the severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in dogs
Authors: Franklin Phil H. , Liu Nai‐Chieh , Ladlow Jane F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the preoperative and postoperative effect of nebulized epinephrine on brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) severity in dogs.Study designProspective clinical study.Sample populationThirty‐one client‐owned pugs, French bulldogs, and English bulldogs with moderate to severe BOAS.MethodsWhole body barometric plethysmography was used to determine BOAS severity (BOAS index; 0%–100%) prior to and after nebulization with 0.05 mg/kg epinephrine diluted in 0.9% saline preoperatively. The same protocol was repeated postoperatively (within 24 hours of surgery).ResultsFive dogs were excluded because they did not tolerate nebulization, and postoperative data were available for 13 dogs. Epinephrine nebulization resulted in a decreased BOAS index across all breeds of dog both before (9.6% [3.1% to −30.2%], n = 26) and after surgery (14.3% [0.9% to −24.3%], n = 13). The preoperative reduction in BOAS index was greater (17.3% [1.8% to −27.4%]) in dogs with a baseline BOAS index >70% (P = .006) and in pugs (16.9% [0.8% to −27.4%]) compared with French bulldogs (5.2% [3.1% to −30.2%], P = .03). Simple linear regression was used to identify a positive relationship between baseline BOAS index and reduction in BOAS index for pugs (n = 10, P = .001). Nausea was noted as a side effect in four dogs.ConclusionNebulized epinephrine reduced the BOAS index of dogs in this study. This effect was clinically significant in preoperative dogs with a BOAS index >70% and in dogs recovering from surgery.Clinical significanceThis study provides evidence to support the use of nebulized epinephrine in the perioperative management of BOAS‐affected dogs.