bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Older Men and Women
Authors: Jia Xiaoming , Sun Caroline , Tang Olive , Gorlov Ivan , Nambi Vijay , Virani Salim S , Villareal Dennis T , Taffet George E , Yu Bing , Bressler Jan , Boerwinkle Eric , Windham B Gwen , de Lemos James A , Matsushita Kunihiro , Selvin Elizabeth , Michos Erin D , Hoogeveen Ron C , Ballantyne Christie M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
Lower dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels have been inconsistently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and mortality. Data are limited for heart failure (HF) and association between DHEA-S change and events.

Objective
Assess associations between low DHEA-S/DHEA-S change and incident HF hospitalization, CHD, and mortality in older adults.

Design
DHEA-S was measured in stored plasma from visits 4 (1996-1998) and 5 (2011-2013) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Follow-up for incident events: 18 years for DHEA-S level; 5.5 years for DHEA-S change.

Setting
General community.

Participants
Individuals without prevalent cardiovascular disease (n = 8143, mean age 63 years).

Main Outcome Measure
Associations between DHEA-S and incident HF hospitalization, CHD, or mortality; associations between 15-year change in DHEA-S (n = 3706) and cardiovascular events.

Results
DHEA-S below the 15th sex-specific percentile of the study population (men: 55.4 µg/dL; women: 27.4 µg/dL) was associated with increased HF hospitalization (men: hazard ratio [HR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.58; women: HR 1.42, 95% CI, 1.13-1.79); DHEA-S below the 25th sex-specific percentile (men: 70.0 µg/dL; women: 37.1 µg/dL) was associated with increased death (men: HR 1.12, 95% CI, 1.01-1.25; women: HR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.03-1.37). In men, but not women, greater percentage decrease in DHEA-S was associated with increased HF hospitalization (HR 1.94, 95% CI, 1.11-3.39). Low DHEA-S and change in DHEA-S were not associated with incident CHD.

Conclusions
Low DHEA-S is associated with increased risk for HF and mortality but not CHD. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate mechanisms underlying these associations.
Exenatide, Metformin, or Both for Prediabetes in PCOS: A Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-group Controlled Study
Authors: Tao Tao , Zhang Yi , Zhu Yu-Chen , Fu Jia-Rong , Wang Yu-Ying , Cai Jie , Ma Jing-Yu , Xu Yu , Gao Yi-Ning , Sun Yun , Fan WuQiang , Liu Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
Up to 40% of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have prediabetes; an optimal pharmacotherapy regimen for diabetes prevention in PCOS is yet to be established.

Objective
To evaluate clinical efficacy of exenatide (EX), metformin (MET), or combination (COM) for prediabetes in PCOS.

Design
Randomized, open-label, parallel-group controlled trial.

Setting
Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.

Patients
PCOS with prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/L and/or 2 hour post glucose 7.8-11.0 mmol/L on oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]). A total of 150 out of 183 eligible enrollees completed the study.

Intervention
EX (10-20μg daily), MET (1500-2000 mg daily), or COM (EX plus MET) for 12 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
Sustained remission rate of prediabetes (primary endpoint, a normal OGTT after 12 weeks of treatment followed by 12 weeks of washout on no drug treatment) along with anthropometric, hormonal, metabolic, and pancreatic β-cell function parameters (secondary endpoints) and potential mechanisms were assessed.

Results
Impaired glucose tolerance was found the dominant prediabetes phenotype. Overall sustained prediabetes remission rate was 50.7%. Remission rate of COM group (64%, 32/50) or EX group (56%, 28/50) was significantly higher than that of the MET group (32%, 16/50) (P = .003 and .027, respectively). EX was associated with superior suppression of 2-hour glucose increment in OGTT. A 2-step hyperglycemic clamp study revealed that EX had led to higher postprandial insulin secretion than MET, potentially explaining the higher remission rate.

Conclusions
Compared with MET monotherapy, EX or COM achieved higher rate of remission of prediabetes among PCOS patients by improving postprandial insulin secretion.
Real-World Estimates of Adrenal Insufficiency–Related Adverse Events in Children With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Ali Salma R , Bryce Jillian , Haghpanahan Houra , Lewsey James D , Tan Li En , Atapattu Navoda , Birkebaek Niels H , Blankenstein Oliver , Neumann Uta , Balsamo Antonio , Ortolano Rita , Bonfig Walter , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L , Cools Martine , Costa Eduardo Correa , Darendeliler Feyza , Poyrazoglu Sukran , Elsedfy Heba , Finken Martijn J J , Fluck Christa E , Gevers Evelien , Korbonits Márta , Guaragna-Filho Guilherme , Guran Tulay , Guven Ayla , Hannema Sabine E , Higham Claire , Hughes Ieuan A , Tadokoro-Cuccaro Rieko , Thankamony Ajay , Iotova Violeta , Krone Nils P , Krone Ruth , Lichiardopol Corina , Luczay Andrea , Mendonca Berenice B , Bachega Tania A S S , Miranda Mirela C , Milenkovic Tatjana , Mohnike Klaus , Nordenstrom Anna , Einaudi Silvia , van der Kamp Hetty , Vieites Ana , de Vries Liat , Ross Richard J M , Ahmed S Faisal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Although congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is known to be associated with adrenal crises (AC), its association with patient- or clinician-reported sick day episodes (SDE) is less clear.

Methods
Data on children with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency CAH from 34 centers in 18 countries, of which 7 were Low or Middle Income Countries (LMIC) and 11 were High Income (HIC), were collected from the International CAH Registry and analyzed to examine the clinical factors associated with SDE and AC.

Results
A total of 518 children—with a median of 11 children (range 1, 53) per center—had 5388 visits evaluated over a total of 2300 patient-years. The median number of AC and SDE per patient-year per center was 0 (0, 3) and 0.4 (0.0, 13.3), respectively. Of the 1544 SDE, an AC was reported in 62 (4%), with no fatalities. Infectious illness was the most frequent precipitating event, reported in 1105 (72%) and 29 (47%) of SDE and AC, respectively. On comparing cases from LMIC and HIC, the median SDE per patient-year was 0.75 (0, 13.3) vs 0.11 (0, 12.0) (P &lt; 0.001), respectively, and the median AC per patient-year was 0 (0, 2.2) vs 0 (0, 3.0) (P = 0.43), respectively.

Conclusions
The real-world data that are collected within the I-CAH Registry show wide variability in the reported occurrence of adrenal insufficiency–related adverse events. As these data become increasingly used as a clinical benchmark in CAH care, there is a need for further research to improve and standardize the definition of SDE.
Barriers and enablers to screening and diagnosing depression and diabetes distress in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus; protocol of a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: McGrath Niamh , McHugh Sheena , Kearney Patricia M. , Toomey Elaine 
Published: September 2020

Background: Depression and diabetes distress are common in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). These conditions are independently associated with poorer T2DM outcomes and increased healthcare utilisation and costs. Questions remain regarding the most appropriate ways of initially detecting depression and diabetes distress in this group. Diabetes guidelines recommend depression screening in primary care for people with T2DM but their implementation in practice is suboptimal. As health care professionals influence detection practices, their perceptions and experiences of these guidelines can improve understanding of aspects of the guidelines that work, and those which are more difficult to implement in practice. This study describes the protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis of primary care health professionals’ perceived barriers and enablers to screen for and diagnose depression and diabetes distress in people with T2DM. Methods and analysis: Primary qualitative studies will be identified using a systematic search of electronic databases and supplementary searching. We selected ‘best-fit framework synthesis’ as the approach to synthesise primary data using the RETREAT (Review question-Epistemology-Time/Timescale-Resources-Expertise-Audience and purpose-Type of Data) framework. Quality appraisal of primary studies and confidence in the overall review findings will be determined using the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) and the GRADE-CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research), respectively. Discussion: The planned review will provide the first, single point of reference of the available synthesised qualitative evidence on this topic. It will apply recommended approaches to ensure rigor and robustness of study and contribute meaningfully to understanding of how depression and diabetes distress can be initially detected in people with T2DM. This protocol is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) [registration number: CRD42019145483].
Health system foundations for Sláintecare implementation in 2020 and beyond – co-producing a Sláintecare Living Implementation Framework with Evaluation: Learning from the Irish health system’s response to COVID-19. A mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Burke Sara , Thomas Steve , Stach Malgorzata , Kavanagh Paul , Magahy Laura , Johnston Bridget , Barry Sarah 
Published: September 2020

All over the world, health systems are responding to the major shock of the COVID-19 pandemic. The virus is causing urgent and fast-paced change in the delivery of health and social care as well as highlighting pre-existing deficiencies and inequalities in the health system and broader society. In Ireland, COVID-19 is occurring during the second full year of Sláintecare’s implementation – Ireland’s 10-year plan for health reform to deliver universal access to timely, integrated care. This research will coproduce a Living Implementation Framework with Evaluation (LIFE) linking evidence, policy and practice that feeds into real-world Sláintecare implementation. In partnership with senior leadership in the Sláintecare Programme Implementation Office, the Department of Health and the HSE, the researchers will scope, document, measure and analyse the Sláintecare relevant COVID-19 responses using qualitative and quantitative methods. The LIFE will initially take the form of a live spreadsheet which contains the COVID-19 responses most relevant to Sláintecare. For each response, 3-4 indicators will be collected which enables monitoring overtime. The spreadsheet will be accompanied by a series of rapid reviews, narrative descriptions of multiple case studies, research papers, stakeholder engagement and formative feedback. These collectively make up the ‘LIFE’, informing dialogue with the project partners, which is happening in real time (living), influencing health policy and system decision-making and implementation as the project progresses. The LIFE will inform health system reform in Ireland in the months and years after the emergence of COVID-19 as well as contributing to international health systems and policy research.
Przekład elementów awangardowych w polskich i rosyjskich tłumaczeniach wierszy Charlesa Bukowskiego
Authors: Plichta Piotr 
Published: September 2020

Elements of Avant-garde Poetics and Aesthetics in the Polish and Russian Translations of Charles Bukowski’s Poems
The poetics of Charles Bukowski’s lyrical verse can be considered avantgarde not only because of their scandalous and often scatological content. It also stems from the author’s philosophical fascination with the disintegration and ruthlessness of time, as well as the situation of the monadic isolation of the individual from the beings external to him. This, in turn, makes Bukowski a peripheral and separate phenomenon even within the polysystem of American culture: the translation of his poems is associated with inevitable shifts within the polysystem of the target culture and, at the same time, requires an in-depth analysis of the poetics of the original text. This article deals with the analysis of Polish and Russian translations of Bukowski’s two poems (Dreamlessly and Palm Leaves), paying particular attention to the issue of translating impersonal phrases and textual points.
Polski Derrida i frazeologiczne eksperymenty?
Authors: Szwebs Weronika 
Published: September 2020

Polish Derrida and Phraseological Experiments? The Case of Cogito and the Story of Madness
The text summarizes several key themes in the Polish reception of Jacques Derrida’s writings, indicating the belief that his writing is unconventional (regardless whether this unconventionality is positively or negatively valued), and outlines their relationship with the phenomenon of translation. Against this background, an analysis of selected solutions from the Polish translations of Derrida’s text Cogito et histoire de la folie by Tadeusz Komendant and Krzysztof Kłosiński is presented. The focus is on opaque, surprising and more unconventional phrases than those used in the original, with particular emphasis on delexicalised phrases.
Sparse Solutions by a Quadratically Constrained ℓq (0 <q< 1) Minimization Model
Authors: Jiang Shan , Fang Shu-Cherng , Jin Qingwei 
Published: September 2020

Finding sparse solutions to a system of equations and/or inequalities is an important topic in many application areas such as signal processing, statistical regression and nonparametric modeling. Various continuous relaxation models have been proposed and widely studied to deal with the discrete nature of the underlying problem. In this paper, we propose a quadratically constrained [Formula: see text] (0 < q < 1) minimization model for finding sparse solutions to a quadratic system. We prove that solving the proposed model is strongly NP-hard. To tackle the computation difficulty, a first order necessary condition for local minimizers is derived. Various properties of the proposed model are studied for designing an active-set-based descent algorithm to find candidate solutions satisfying the proposed condition. In addition to providing a theoretical convergence proof, we conduct extensive computational experiments using synthetic and real-life data to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and to show the superior capability in finding sparse solutions of the proposed model compared with other known models in the literature. We also extend our results to a quadratically constrained [Formula: see text] (0 < q < 1) minimization model with multiple convex quadratic constraints for further potential applications.Summary of Contribution: In this paper, we propose and study a quadratically constrained [Formula: see text] minimization (0 < q < 1) model for finding sparse solutions to a quadratic system which has wide applications in sparse signal recovery, image processing and machine learning. The proposed quadratically constrained [Formula: see text] minimization model extends the linearly constrained [Formula: see text] and unconstrained [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] models. We study various properties of the proposed model in aim of designing an efficient algorithm. Especially, we propose an unrelaxed KKT condition for local/global minimizers. Followed by the properties studied, an active-set based descent algorithm is then proposed with its convergence proof being given. Extensive numerical experiments with synthetic and real-life Sparco datasets are conducted to show that the proposed algorithm works very effectively and efficiently. Its sparse recovery capability is superior to that of other known models in the literature.
Infection prevention and control practice among traditional birth attendants in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Abazie Ogechi Helen , Eppie Williamson Ejenwi 
Published: September 2020

Background The World Health Organization has defined a traditional birth attendant as a ‘person who assists the mother during childbirth and initially acquired her skills by delivering babies herself or through apprenticeship to other traditional birth attendants’. It is estimated that over 40 million neonatal deaths occur annually worldwide; some of these deaths are the result of infection, which may be attributed to the practices of traditional birth attendants. In Nigeria, maternal mortality because of puerperal sepsis occurs in 12% of cases. This study aimed to assess infection prevention and control practice among traditional birth attendants in Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods This is a descriptive study of infection prevention and control among traditional birth attendants in the three local government areas of Ikorordu, Mushin and Surulere. Simple random sampling (balloting) was used to select 144 registered traditional birth attendants. A self-structured questionnaire made up of four sections (sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practice) was used for data collection. The participant knowledge scores were categorised into ‘good’ (60–100%) and ‘poor’ (0–59%). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data and tested for significance at P=0.005. Results The mean age of the respondents was 48 ± 10.6 years. Over one-third (37.5%) of the respondents had poor knowledge of infection control. There was a statistically significant association between respondent age and practice of infection prevention and control (P=0.003). There was no significant difference between the duration of practice and infection prevention and control (P=0.688). Additionally, there was no significant association between the length of training and infection prevention and control (P=0.890). Conclusions There is a need to increase the knowledge of traditional birth attendants by organising training for them on infection prevention and control. Over 70% of the respondents identified that practice could be improved by additional training. This will reduce maternal and infant morbidity and mortality caused by infection in Lagos, Nigeria.
Context: a key dimension in midwifery decision making and practice for safe labour care
Authors: Chodzaza Elizabeth , Haycock-Stuart Elaine , Holloway Aisha , Kafulafula Ursula 
Published: September 2020

Background/Aims Research into midwifery decision making to date is limited and, where it exists, theoretical understanding has focused on the cognitive aspects of the process. Understanding the real-life context in which midwives work and how this influences their decision making during labour is important for safer maternity care. This study aimed to explore the contextual factors that influence the decision making of midwives at secondary and tertiary level health facilities during the first stage of labour in the real context of practice. Methods Using a focused ethnographic methodology, data from nine midwives working in two hospital labour ward settings were collected from October 2013 to May 2014. A total of 27 participant observations of midwives supporting women in the first stage of labour, 26 semi-structured interviews with midwives, and a documentary analysis of maternal labour records were conducted. All data were analysed using theme and category formation. Results Four major themes that influenced midwifery decision making for the safe care of women in labour were found: dominance of the medical profession over maternity care, shortage of midwifery staff, limited material resources, and midwifery strategies for maternal and child safety. Conclusions Understanding and improving clinical decision making requires consideration of contextual factors. For safe maternal care during the first stage of labour, midwives need to be supported to manage contextual factors for favourable outcomes for the mother and neonate.
<p class="Paragraph"><strong>DNA barcoding unravels three new species and a subspecies of <em>Olepa </em>Watson, 1980 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) from India, with morphotypes</strong></p>
Authors: KALAWATE APARNA SURESHCHANDRA , DINESH K. P. , SHABNAM A. 
Published: September 2020

The genus Olepa is distributed in Palearctic and Oriental regions with more species in India and Sri Lanka. In the recent studies, morphological variations within the group were well established, with couple of first set of mt COI DNA barcodes for at least three species. In the present account, three new species and a new subspecies are described from the northern Western Ghats region of Maharashtra based on mt COI DNA barcode studies. Due to high morphological divergence and complete genetic homogeneity on the mt COI DNA, four morphotypes under two species are reported. Morphological and genital characters of male and female are provided along with their respective species morphotypes for the first time under this genus from India. The genitalia and the habitus of male and female are illustrated. Preliminary phylogenetic tree based on the mt COI DNA sequences available in the GenBank for the genus with the sequences for the new species also provided and discussed. Key words: new taxa, morphotype, Maharashtra, DNA barcoding, mt COI gene
EMPREENDEDORISMO SOCIAL EM REDES INTERORGANIZACIONAIS: O FLUXO MIMÉTRICO COMO ABSORÇÃO ADAPTATIVA NA FORMAÇÃO DE COMPETÊNCIAS PARA O EMPODERAMENTO SOCIAL
Authors: Bazanini Roberto , Da Silva Joanilson Rodrigues , Biffi Marcos Antonio 
Published: September 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as ações implementadas no empreendedorismo social em redes com a utilização do fluxo mimético no processo de formação de competências pessoais e sociais para empoderamento da comunidade. Por meio de pesquisa exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, a pesquisa de campo foi realizada com a utilização de entrevistas semiestruradas junto ao diretor do I.F.P., a representante da Ecovila Portuguesa (Tamera) e os membros da comunidade. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que a atuação do empreendedor social em redes está vinculada aos espaços e contextos de aprendizagem, à liderança coletiva promotora de comportamentos decorrentes do estímulo para absorção do fluxo mimético junto aos membros da comunidade. Ao final do estudo são apresentadas três proposições para futuras pesquisas.
Robotic surgery: training, competence assessment and credentialing
Authors: Dixon F , Keeler BD 
Published: September 2020

As a topical domain, robotic surgery is a fast moving area of both research and innovation, but there seems to be a dearth of information about training and curricula. Looking at training and future practice for robotic surgery, the authors examine the current situation but also consider potential future directions in terms of mandatory curricula (for multiple specialties) and assessment of competence. The article also covers some general areas of implementation and learning curves for new technologies. An international consensus on robotic surgical training is required to guarantee regulated uptake of this expanding area of innovation.