bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between VO2max, under Water Swim Testing and Artistic Swim Solo Performance
Authors: Viana Eric , Bentley David J , Logan-Sprenger Heather M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between: 1) laboratory-determined cycling peak oxygen consumption (VO2max) and AS performance in a new underwater swim test (UWST), and 2) cycling VO2max and ventilatory threshold (VT) in cycling and performance score during a simulated AS solo routine. Trained artistic swimmers (n=15, 15.8±0.8 yrs., height: 169.1±5.4 cm, body mass: 57.1±6.3 kg) completed (1) a maximal incremental cycle test to exhaustion to determine VO2max, (2) the UWST which comprised 275 m of freestyle and underwater breaststroke, and (3) a simulated solo competition where artistic swimming elements were evaluated by five FINA judges. There was a significant correlation between mean element score and (i) VO2max (48±4 mL. kg.min−1, r=0.44, p=0.05), and (ii) UWST (r=−0.64, p=0.005). However, there was an insignificant relationship between cycling ventilatory threshold and mean element score (r=–0.36, p=0.10). In addition, the results demonstrate a significant relationship between HR at the ventilatory threshold and peak HR of the UWST (r=–0.64, p=0.014). The results of this study demonstrate that VO2max is an important determinant of AS performance. In addition, the UWST appears to be a useful indicator of AS performance.
Presbyvestibulopathie
Authors: Van de Berg Raymond , Wuyts Floris , Walther Leif , Magnusson Mans , Oh Esther , Margaret Sharpe , Strupp Michael , Agrawal Yuri 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Publikation werden die Diagnosekriterien für Presbyvestibulopathie (PVP) durch das Klassifikationskomitee der Bárány-Gesellschaft beschrieben. PVP ist als ein chronisches vestibuläres Syndrom definiert, das durch Gangunsicherheit, Gangstörungen und/oder wiederholte Stürze bei leichten bilateralen vestibulären Defiziten gekennzeichnet ist, mit Labortestbefunden, die zwischen Normalwerten und Schwellenwerten für die bilaterale Vestibulopathie liegen.Die Diagnose von PVP basiert auf der Anamnese des Patienten, der körperlichen Untersuchung des Patienten und der Auswertung von Untersuchungen des Gleichgewichtssystems. Die Diagnose von PVP setzt eine bilateral verminderte Funktion des vestibulookulären Reflexes (VOR) voraus. Dies kann für den Hochfrequenzbereich des VOR mit dem Video-Kopf-Impuls-Test (vKIT), für den mittleren Frequenzbereich mit dem Drehstuhltest und für den Niederfrequenzbereich mit der kalorischen Prüfung diagnostiziert werden.Für die Diagnose von PVP sollte der horizontale anguläre VOR-Verstärkungsfaktor (Gain) auf beiden Seiten < 0,8 und > 0,6 betragen, und/oder die Summe der maximalen Spitzengeschwindigkeiten in der langsamen Phase des kalorisch induzierten Nystagmus sollte bei der Stimulation mit warmem und kaltem Wasser auf jeder Seite < 25°/s und > 6°/s betragen, und/oder der horizontale anguläre VOR-Gain sollte bei Drehstuhlpendelung > 0,1 und < 0,3 betragen.PVP tritt typischerweise zusammen mit anderen altersbedingten Defiziten des Sehvermögens, der Propriozeption und/oder der kortikalen, zerebellären und extrapyramidalen Funktion auf, die ebenfalls zur Manifestation der Symptome von Gangunsicherheit, Gangstörungen und Stürzen beitragen und diese möglicherweise erst auftreten lassen. Die hier beschriebenen Kriterien berücksichtigen lediglich das Vorhandensein dieser Symptome zusammen mit einer dokumentierten Beeinträchtigung der vestibulären Funktion bei älteren Erwachsenen.
Transkranielle Magnetstimulation zur Behandlung von Depressionen bei Schwangeren
Authors: Schecklmann Martin , Langguth Berthold , Hebel Tobias 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel In dieser Übersichtsarbeit sollen die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der repetitiven transkraniellen Magnetstimulation (rTMS) für die Patientengruppe depressiv erkrankter Schwangerer evaluiert werden.
Material und Methoden Es wurde eine Datenbankrecherche auf Pubmed durchgeführt, um alle relevanten Original- und Übersichtsarbeiten zu dem Thema zu identifizieren und zu analysieren
Ergebnisse Zusätzlich zu einer Reihe von Fallberichten existieren 3 kontrollierte Studien zur Behandlung depressiver Schwangerer mittels rTMS. Der Datenlage nach scheint die rTMS sowohl für die schwangeren Patientinnen als auch ihre ungeborenen Kinder sicher zu sein. Es wurden keine postnatalen negativen Wirkungen auf die Kindesentwicklung berichtet.
Schlussfolgerung rTMS stellt eine vielversprechende Behandlungsoption dar. Weitere Studien mit größeren Teilnehmerzahlen sind notwendig, um den Stellenwert der rTMS in einer multimodalen Depressionsbehandlung in der Schwangerschaft zu klären.
Nichtkleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom – doppelte Resistenzentwicklung
Authors: Moeller M. , Siebolts U. , Wickenhauser C. , Schuette W. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungErworbene Resistenzen gegenüber Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren beim nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom entwickeln sich nach etwa 9–12 Monaten. In etwa 60 % der Fälle entstehen diese durch eine sekundäre EGFR-T790M-Resistenzmutation. In dieser Kasuistik wird der Fall einer Patientin mit einer Mutation im EGFR Exon 19 beschrieben. Es entwickeln sich unter TKI-Therapie 2 parallele Resistenzmechanismen. Zum einen eine T790M-Resistenzmutation, zum anderen die Transformation in ein kleinzelliges neuroendokrines Karzinom. Unter der Therapie mit Osimertinib sowie paralleler Chemotherapie mit Carboplatin und Etoposid konnte nach 2 Zyklen eine partielle Remission erzielt werden.
Do Anti-Factor Xa Levels have any Impact on Pregnancy Outcome in
Women with Previous Adverse Outcomes?
Authors: Oskovi-Kaplan Z. Asli , Erkenekli Kudret , Oztas Efser , Esmer Seda Bilir , Danisman Nuri , Uygur Dilek , Ozgu-Erdinc A. Seval 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is used during pregnancy in
women diagnosed with thrombophilia for prevention of thromboembolic events and
prevention of recurrent pregnancy loss. Prophylactic dosing does not always
achieve target anti-FXa levels of 0.2–0.6 IU/ml. We
aimed to determine if anti-FXa levels, measured in the first trimester, have an
influence on pregnancy outcome.
Material and Methods Eighty-one first-trimester women with a history of
adverse pregnancy outcomes under LMWH therapy during pregnancy were enrolled in
this study. Anti-FXa levels were measured in the first trimester, and fetal and
maternal outcomes were recorded.
Results The mean age of women was 28±4 (19–40) and mean
anti-FXa level 0.44±0.93 IU/ml. No bleeding or clotting
complications were associated with LMWH administration. Anti-FXa levels did not
have a relationship with gestational age at birth, fetal weight, type of
delivery, cesarean indications, postpartum bleeding, APGAR scores, or admission
to the neonatal intensive care unit (p>0.005). Anti-FXa levels were not
correlated with live birth rates.
Conclusion Anti-FXa levels did not have an influence on pregnancy and
fetal outcomes. The effect of LMWH on pregnancy outcomes may not be due to
anticoagulant activity but other mechanisms.
Local fat content and muscle quality measured by a new electrical impedance myography device: correlations with ultrasound variables
Authors: Longo Stefano , Coratella Giuseppe , Rampichini Susanna , Borrelli Marta , Scurati Raffaele , Limonta Eloisa , Cè Emiliano , Esposito Fabio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the relationship between local fat percentage (SKfat) and muscle quality (MQ) estimated by a new hand‐held electrical impedance myography (hEIM) device or derived from ultrasound and strength assessments. The right anterior thigh of 90 healthy participants (mean ± SD; age=22.9 ± 2.9 years; 45 men: BMI = 23.9 ± 2.4 kgm−2; 45 women: BMI = 21.1 ± 1.9 kgm−2) was scanned by hEIM and ultrasound. Correlations between SKfat, local subcutaneous fat (SUBfat), and echo intensity (EIus) were explored. Correlations between MQ, EIus, quadriceps femoris anatomical cross‐sectional area (ACSAQF), knee extensors maximum voluntary isometric torque (T), T/ACSAQF, EIus/SUBfat, and ACSAQF/SUBfat were also assessed. SKfat correlated with SUBfat (r = 0.88; p < 0.001) and EIus (r = 0.64; p < 0.001). MQ correlated with EIus (r = −0.66; p < 0.001), ACSAQF (r = 0.37; p < 0.001), EIus/SUBfat (r = 0.37; p < 0.001), and ACSAQF/SUBfat (r = 0.81; p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that SUBfat, EIus, and sex explained 86% of SKfat variance, whereas ACSAQF/SUBfat, sex and EIus explained 75% of MQ variance. In conclusion, high hEIM local fat percentage relates to greater subcutaneous fat and intramuscular non‐contractile tissue content. High hEIM muscle quality relates to greater muscle‐size:subcutaneous‐fat ratio and contractile tissue content. Sex influences the prediction of both parameters. This hEIM device seems to be useful to estimate local thigh composition.
Diurnal asymmetry in future temperature changes over the main Belt and Road regions
Authors: Zhuang Yuanhuang , Zhang Jingyong 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
: Daily maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures and Diurnal temperature range (DTR) profoundly affect the ecological environment and socioeconomic systems. In this study, we project future changes in Tmax, Tmin and DTR for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 using fine-resolution downscaled data from the 18global coupled models over the main regions of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

Outcomes:
The Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) mean projections show that future warming is stronger in Tmax than in Tmin, leading to the increased DTR over central and southern Europe, many areas surrounding the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and southeastern China. By contrast, the DTR is projected to decline over the regions north of 55°N and other some areas due to the more rapid increase in Tmin than in Tmax. As a whole, the diurnal asymmetry of projected future temperature changes is found to mainly occur from November to March.

Conclusions:
Our findings contribute to the knowledgebase on climate change over the main BRI regions. Regarding uneven spatiotemporal changes in Tmax, Tmin and DTR, appropriate climate change adaptation strategies, and options should be adopted to reduce or avoid disadvantaged consequences to the natural system and human society over specific regions.
Quantifying spatiotemporal gradient formation in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos with lightsheet microscopy
Authors: Benelli Rebecca , Struntz Philipp , Hofmann Dirk , Weiss Matthias 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Major steps in embryonic development, e.g. body axes formation or asymmetric cell divisions, rely on symmetry-breaking events and gradient formation. Using three-dimensional time-resolved lightsheet microscopy, we have studied a prototypical example for self-organized gradient formation in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. In particular, we have monitored in detail the formation of a concentration and mobility gradient of PIE-1 proteins as well as the partitioning behavior of vital organelles prior to the first, asymmetric cell division. Our data confirm the emergence of a concentration gradient of PIE-1 along the embryo’s anterior–posterior (AP) axis but they also reveal a previously unseen depletion zone near to the cell cortex that is not present for MEX-5 proteins. Time-resolved spatial diffusion maps, acquired with SPIM-FCS, highlight the successive emergence of a mobility gradient of PIE-1 along the AP axis and suggest an almost linear decrease of fast diffusing PIE-1 proteins along the AP axis. Quantifying the subordinated dissemination of vital organelles prior to the first cell division, i.e. gradient formation on larger length scales, we find a significant asymmetry in the partitioning of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria to the anterior and posterior part of the cell, respectively. Altogether, our spatiotemporally resolved data indicate that current one-dimensional model descriptions for gradient formation during C. elegans embryogenesis, i.e. a mere projection to the AP axis, might need an extension to a full three-dimensional description. Our data also advocate the use of lightsheet microscopy techniques to capture the actual three-dimensional nature of embryonic self-organization events.
Studying the surface properties of nanoferrimagnetic powders obtained by mechanochemical synthesis
Authors: Nevmyvaka A A , Bolgaru K A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Nanosized powders of magnetite and cobalt ferrospinel are obtained by the mechanochemical synthesis method. The phase composition and structural properties (lattice parameters, coherent scattering regions and internal elastic microstresses) of the synthesized materials are investigated. The surface properties of nanosized CoFe2O4 and Fe3O4 powders are studied by gas-phase sorption of molecules with different acid-base characteristics. The data obtained can be used to analyze the sorption properties of nanoferrimagnetics with respect to biological compounds in aqueous solutions.
Tunable and high quality factor Fano and toroidal dipole resonances in terahertz superconducting metamaterials
Authors: Duan Siyu , Wu Jingbo , Shen Ze , Guan Yun , Jia Xiaoqing , Zhang Caihong , Jin Biaobing , Kang Lin , Xu Weiwei , Wang Huabing , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We experimentally studied a series of terahertz (THz) metamaterials with asymmetric resonator structures made from superconducting niobium nitride or gold films. Fano and toroidal dipole resonances are excited in superconducting metamaterials and their quality factors are higher in comparison with those of gold samples. Superconducting samples possess good tuning behaviors for both Fano and toroidal dipole resonance frequencies due to the change of kinetic inductance under different temperatures. The superconducting samples also exhibit good slow light effect due to the sharp dispersion in transmission spectra. These tunable and low loss metamaterials possess great significance to the development of THz nonlinear and slow light devices.
Optical and biomedical applications of eco-friendly biosynthesized silver nano spheres using zingiber officinale root extract
Authors: Ramya E , Jyothi L , Vivek Vardhan P , Sri Ram Gopal N , Desai Narayana Rao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Eco-friendly bio-compatible silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were successfully synthesized using Zingiber officinale extract in a simple green route at room temperature. The phytoconstituents present in Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) extract act as reducing and stabilizing agents. The size and crystallinity of spherical Ag NPs were confirmed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The formation of silver nanoparticles was also confirmed from the UV–vis and FTIR spectra. Luminescence properties of europium (Eu) and samarium (Sm) complexes in the presence of silver were studied. The intensity of luminescence from Eu and Sm complexes were found to get enhanced or quenched with their concentrations in Ag NPs. Interesting nonlinear optical properties exhibited by Ag NPs were observed in the Z-scan experiment suggesting that they can be used as optical limiters for the picosecond (ps) time scale green laser. Silver nanoparticles were tested against colon cancer (HCT116) cells in vitro by MTT assay and they exhibited smaller IC50 values with better inhibition efficiency. Ag NPs induced apoptosis through the activation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Caspase-3 pathways. Antibacterial activity of Ag NPs was analysed against Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and they were found to be efficient in inhibiting the bacteria. The results indicate that the biosynthesized eco-friendly nanoparticles having high stability can lead to many applications such as good luminescence enhancement, optical limiting characteristics, anticancerous and antibacterial properties in optics and biomedicine.
Simulating the effects of water limitation on plant biomass using a 3D functional–structural plant model of shoot and root driven by soil hydraulics
Authors: Braghiere Renato K , Gérard Frédéric , Evers Jochem B , Pradal Christophe , Pagès Loïc 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsImproved modelling of carbon assimilation and plant growth to low soil moisture requires evaluation of underlying mechanisms in the soil, roots, and shoots. The feedback between plants and their local environment throughout the whole spectrum soil-root-shoot-environment is crucial to accurately describe and evaluate the impact of environmental changes on plant development. This study presents a 3D functional structural plant model, in which shoot and root growth are driven by radiative transfer, photosynthesis, and soil hydrodynamics through different parameterisation schemes relating soil water deficit and carbon assimilation. The new coupled model is used to evaluate the impact of soil moisture availability on plant productivity for two different groups of flowering plants under different spatial configurations.MethodsIn order to address different aspects of plant development due to limited soil water availability, a 3D FSP model including root, shoot, and soil was constructed by linking three different well-stablished models of airborne plant, root architecture, and reactive transport in the soil. Different parameterisation schemes were used in order to integrate photosynthetic rate with root water uptake within the coupled model. The behaviour of the model was assessed on how the growth of two different types of plants, i.e. monocot and dicot, is impacted by soil water deficit under different competitive conditions: isolated (no competition), intra, and interspecific competition.Key ResultsThe model proved to be capable of simulating carbon assimilation and plant development under different growing settings including isolated monocots and dicots, intra, and interspecific competition. The model predicted that (1) soil water availability has a larger impact on photosynthesis than on carbon allocation; (2) soil water deficit has an impact on root and shoot biomass production by up to 90 % for monocots and 50 % for dicots; and (3) the improved dicot biomass production in interspecific competition was highly related to root depth and plant transpiration.ConclusionsAn integrated model of 3D shoot architecture and biomass development with a 3D root system representation, including light limitation and water uptake considering soil hydraulics, was presented. Plant-plant competition and regulation on stomatal conductance to drought were able to be predicted by the model. In the cases evaluated here, water limitation impacted plant growth almost 10 times more than the light environment.
Superior Identification of Component Odors in a Mixture Is Linked to Autistic Traits in Children and Adults
Authors: Walker Susannah C , Williams Kate , Moore David J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Most familiar odors are complex mixtures of volatile molecules, which the olfactory system automatically synthesizes into a perceptual whole. However, odors are rarely encountered in isolation; thus, the brain must also separate distinct odor objects from complex and variable backgrounds. In vision, autistic traits are associated with superior performance in tasks that require focus on the local features of a perceptual scene. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the same advantage was observed in the analysis of olfactory scenes. To do this, we compared the ability of 1) 40 young adults (aged 16–35) with high (n = 20) and low levels of autistic traits and 2) 20 children (aged 7–11), with (n = 10) and without an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, to identify individual odor objects presented within odor mixtures. First, we used a 4-alternative forced choice task to confirm that both adults and children were able to reliably identify 8 blended fragrances, representing food-related odors, when presented individually. We then used the same forced choice format to test participants’ ability to identify the odors when they were combined in either binary or ternary mixtures. Adults with high levels of autistic traits showed superior performance on binary but not ternary mixture trials, whereas children with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis outperformed age-matched neurotypical peers, irrespective of mixture complexity. These findings indicate that the local processing advantages associated with high levels of autistic traits in visual tasks are also apparent in a task requiring analytical processing of odor mixtures.
Extended Continuous β-Lactam Infusion With Oral Acetaminophen in Childhood Bacterial Meningitis: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Savonius Okko , Rugemalira Emilie , Roine Irmeli , Cruzeiro Manuel Leite , Peltola Heikki , Pelkonen Tuula 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
In our previous study in Luanda, Angola, initial continuous β-lactam infusion for 24 hours combined with oral acetaminophen for 48 hours showed promising results as a new treatment for childhood bacterial meningitis. We investigated whether extending this treatment regimen to 4 days would improve the outcomes further.

Methods
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study at the same hospital in Luanda. Children aged 2 months to 15 years presenting to hospital with symptoms and signs of bacterial meningitis were randomized to receive, for the first 4 days, a continuous infusion of cefotaxime (250 mg/kg/day) with simultaneous oral acetaminophen (first dose 30 mg/kg, then 20 mg/kg every 6 hours), or cefotaxime conventionally as boluses (62.5 mg/kg, 4 times per day) with placebo orally. All children received also glycerol orally. The primary outcome was mortality by day 7.

Results
In all, 375 patients were included in the study between 22 January 2012 and 21 January 2017. As 2 children succumbed before treatment initiation, 187 vs 186 participants remained in the intervention and control groups, respectively. On day 7, 61 of 187 (32.6%) children in the intervention group vs 64 of 186 (34.4%) in the control group had died (risk ratio, 0.95 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .71–1.26]; absolute risk difference, 1.8% [95% CI, −7.8 to 11.4]). At discharge from hospital, the corresponding numbers were 71 of 187 (38.0%) and 75 of 186 (40.3%), respectively.

Conclusions
Prolonged continuous β-lactam infusion combined with oral acetaminophen did not improve the gloomy outcomes of childhood bacterial meningitis in Angola.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01540838.