bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Vitamin D Concentration with Subjective Health Complaints in Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study
Authors: Namazi Nazli , Qorbani Mostafa , Shafiee Gita , Ahmadian Mohammad Hossein , Motlagh Mohammad Esmail , Ebrahimi Mehdi , Asayesh Hamid , Kelishadi Roya , Heshmat Ramin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is recognized as a pandemic across the world. Identification, any association between VDD and subjective health complaints (SHC), can be helpful to realize critical mechanisms and improve psychological and somatic symptoms. However, studies are limited. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations between VDD and SHC in children and adolescents. Study design: cross-sectional studyMethods: In this national study, 2594 Iranian children and adolescents aged 8 to 18 years were included. Data on SHC, anthropometric indices, physical activity, and serum levels of vitamin D were collected. Logistic regression models (crude, adjusted) were applied to examine any links between VDD and SHC. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA software version 11. P-values< 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.Results: Among SHC, irritability (40.9%) and feeling anxiety (33.7%) were the most prevalent ones. Multiple complaints in students with VDD was 2.5 times greater than those with sufficient vitamin D concentrations (p<0.001). Compare to the reference group, the strongest association was found between vitamin D status and difficulties in getting to sleep (OR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.18, 3.53, p<0.001).Conclusion: Serum levels of vitamin D in approximately 70% of Iranian children and adolescents were lower than 30 ng/mL. However, no significant differences were found between gender groups. In addition, there were significant associations between vitamin D status and the most somatic and psychological symptoms, particularly for getting to sleep. It seems national interventional programs for vitamin D supplementation or food fortifications can be helpful.
Markedly Increased Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein During Acute Phase in Childhood and Adolescent Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Sugimoto Keisuke , Miyazaki Kohei , Enya Takuji , Miyazawa Tomoki , Morimoto Yuichi , Ohshima Rina , Takemura Tsukasa , Okada Mitsuru 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Hyperlipidemia is an important characteristic feature of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children. This study was conducted to examine the lipid profiles, including small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL-C), in childhood-onset NS.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients diagnosed with initial-onset NS in childhood and adolescence. Study parameters included lipid profiles. The “alternative LDL window” comprises the number and sizes of LDL particles estimated according to non-HDL-C and TG levels.Results: A total of 39 patients were enrolled who exhibited markedly increased lipid abnormalities, including TC, TG, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels (TC, 409.7 TC, TG, and sizes of LDL particles estimated as non-HDL-C, 332.3). Of the 39 patients, 32 (82%) were categorized in the area of hyper-TG/-non-HDL levels, which is considered as sdLDL. A positive correlation was found between non-HDL-C and TC (r = 0.96, P < 0.001), TG (r = 0.38, P = 0.018), LDL-C (r = 0.84, P < 0.001), TC/HDL (r = 0.53, P < 0.001), and atherogenic index of plasma (r = 0.42, P = 0.008).Conclusions: Our study demonstrated markedly increased lipid profiles during the acute phase of NS. Evaluation of lipid profiles using the “alternative LDL window” may help understand the state of hyperlipidemia in NS.
Understanding the Impact of Public Health Advice on Paediatric Healthcare Use During COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Survey of Parents
Authors: Nicholson Emma , McDonnell Thérése , Conlon Ciara , Barrett Michael , Cummins Fergal , Hensey Conor , McAuliffe Eilish 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Hospital avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported with a significant decrease in attendance at emergency departments among paediatric populations with potential increased morbidity and mortality outcomes. The present study sought to understand parents’ experiences of healthcare during the initial public health stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods A cross-sectional survey of parents of children under the age of 16 (N = 1044). The survey collected demographic information to profile parents and children, capture relevant health information such as pre-existing conditions and/or chronic illness or disability, and health service usage during the pandemic. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and regression analyses were used to determine the factors that influenced avoidance and hesitancy. Results23% of parents stated that they were much more hesitant to access health services upon implementation of the initial public health restrictions. Parents with a higher perception of risk of their children contracting COVID-19 (χ2 (3) =33.8618, p< 0.000), and stronger levels of concern regarding the effects of COVID-19 (χ2 (3) =23.9189, p< 0.000) were more likely to be hesitant. Stress also appeared to be a factor in hesitancy with higher than normal stress levels significantly associated with hesitancy (RRR= 2.31, CI: 1.54 - 3.47), while those with severe/extremely severe stress were over three times more likely to be hesitant (RRR:3.37, CI:1.81 - 6.27). Approximately one third of the sample required healthcare for their children during the public health restrictions to delay the spread of COVID-19, however, one in five of these parents avoided accessing such healthcare when needed. Of those that required healthcare, parents who avoided were more likely to report that the services were needed more by others (χ2 (1) 20.3470, p<0.000). Those who felt that the government advice was to stay away from health services were 1.7 times more likely to be much more hesitant (RRR:1.71, CI; 1.10 – 2.67).ConclusionThe misinterpretation of government public health advice, stress and the perception of risk each contributed to parental avoidance of or hesitancy to utilize healthcare services during the public health measures imposed to combat COVID-19.
Metformin May Block the Way Breast Cancer Metastasis: A Meta-analysis and Mechanism Review
Authors: Yang Ming , Wang Yueyuan , Zhang Zhihao , Peng Jingyu , Xie Xiao , Wei Xue 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Metformin, which is cheap and easy to get, is a first-line anti-hyperglycemia drug. Recently, its anti-tumor effect has been revealed. Here we performed a meta-analysis to summarize previous studies and a narrative review to gather the mechanisms involved in the potential relationship.
Methods

We searched related articles in database of Pubmed, EMbase, Web of science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Wanfang and Sinomed and obtained 8 clinic trials that investigated the connection between metformin and breast cancer metastasis, containing 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 6 retrospective cohort studies. We evaluated each retrospective cohort study by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), while RCT by Chcorane Risk of Bias tool. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs), risk ratios (RRs) and we calculated associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. We also collected the possible mechanisms of cancer metastasis inhibition from metformin.
Results

A total of 8 studies containing 13919 breast cancer patients without distant metastasis before they got anticancer treatment. The result showed that adjuvant metformin in treatment of local breast cancer facilitated to suppress metastasis (HR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.57–0.82, p < 0.0001, I2 = 0%), and the result was consistent with the subgroup of breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.57–0.82, p < 0.0001, I2 = 0%).
Conclusion

The meta-analysis suggested metformin might repress the metastasis and be benefit to distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) when added to systemic breast cancer therapy, supporting anti-tumor effects of metformin on breast cancer.
Treatment of COVID-19 patients suspected with gut microbiota dysbiosis with washed microbiota transplantation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: He Xing-Xiang , Wu Li-Hao , Ye Zhi-Ning , Peng Ping , Xie Wen-Rui , Xu Jia-Ting , Zhang Xue-Yuan , Xia Harry Hua-Xiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, which is related to gut microbiota dysbiosis (GMD). Whether washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) is effective in COVID-19 patients suspected with GMD by restoring gut microbiota is unknown. This study is designed to explore the efficacy and safety of WMT in COVID-19 patients suspected with GMD.METHODS: COVID-19 patients suspected with GMD will be randomly divided to receive routine treatment (group A) or receive routine treatment and WMT (group B). The frequency of WMT will be once a day for three consecutive days. Nucleic acid test, imaging examination, and tests related to organ functions, homeostasis, inflammatory response, intestinal barrier function and immunity will be performed at admission, 1, and 2 weeks after treatment and on the day of discharge. The clinical efficacy and safety of WMT in COVD-19 suspected with GMD and the effects of WMT on the organ function, homeostasis, inflammatory response, intestinal barrier function and immunity of the patients will be evaluated. The primary outcome will be the clinical efficacy, as reflected by the SARS-Cov-2 infection status, gastrointestinal symptoms and the recovery of the disease. The secondary outcomes will be the effects of WMT on the organ function, homeostasis, inflammatory response, intestinal barrier function and immunity of the patients, as well as occurrence of adverse events during WMT.DISCUSSION: In the proposed protocol, WMT is expected to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of COVID-19 patients suspected with GMD, and the therapeutic effect is expected to be associated with the improvement of intestinal barrier function, inflammatory response and immunity. Findings from this study may open up a new way for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 suspected with GMD.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry – URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx. Registration number: ChiCTR2000032737. Registered 9 May 2020.
Differences of Retinal Nerve Fibre Distributions Between High Myopes and Emmetropes – A Population Based Study
Authors: Wong Ka Wai Jasper , Abdullah Bukhari Mohammad , Lai Jimmy Shiu Ming , Wong Ian Yat Hin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Diagnosing glaucoma in patients with high myopia is still a challenge despite the rapid develop of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the past 2 decades. One of the reasons was the different geographic anatomies of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) among the high myopes and the emmetropes. This often resulted in errors when RNFL thicknesses were analysed. As diagnosis of glaucoma relied on the detection of focal RNFL thinning in OCT, this could lead to wrong diagnosis. This study aimed to compare the distributions of superotemporal and inferotemporal retinal nerve fibre bundles among these 2 groups of population.
Methods
Retrospective case-control study. Myopic group comprised subjects with a spherical equivalent of ≤-6D and axial length ≥ 26 mm, whereas non-myopic control group consisted of subjects with a spherical equivalent of 0 ± 0.5D and axial length 24 ± 0.5 mm. Cirumpapillary OCT images were retrieved from all subjects and the distances between the peaks of the 2 retinal nerve fibre bundles was measured.
Results
One-hundred-thirty-four highly myopic eyes from 74 subjects were included in the myopic group and 188 non-myopic eyes from 94 subjects were recruited as control group. The mean inter-peak distance of the myopic group 8.89 ± 1.00 mm and that of the non-myopic group was 6.81 ± 0.61 mm. The mean inter-peak distance was significantly larger in the myopic group (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
Retinal nerve fibres arranged differently in high myopes with a tendency of more temporally arranged superotemporal and inferotemporal retinal nerve fibre bundles. Direct comparison of RNFL thickness with built-in normative database made by most of the OCT machines might lead to false positive diagnoses of glaucoma in patients with high myopia.
Long-term renal function and mortality after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit formation.
Authors: Chevarria Julio , Ebad Chaudhry A. , Hamill Mairead , Constandache Catalin , Cowhig Cliona , O’Shea Hazel , Deady Sandra , Little Dilly M , Conlon Peter J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background.

Treatment for bladder cancer includes radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion, RC is associated with long-term morbidity, renal function deterioration and mortality. Our aim was to identify risk factors associated with postoperative long-term renal function decline and mortality.
Methods.

Retrospective study in patients with RC and urinary diversion in Beaumont Hospital from 1996 to 2016. We include patients who had assessment for at least two years post procedure and confirmed live status. We assessed the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) preoperatively, at first and second year, renal function decline > 10 ml/min/1.73 m2, start dialysis and mortality. Logistic regression analyses were applied to assess risk factors associated, a significant p-value < 0.05 was considered.
Results.

We included 264 patients, with median age 68.3 years, 73,7% males, main diagnose was bladder cancer 93.3%, TNM stages were grouped in T ≥ 2 75.9%, N ≥ 1 47.6% and M1 28%. The median eGFR preoperative was 65.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 and after 2 years 58.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p:0.009), 5.6% required chronic dialysis and 32.8% had a decrease > 10 ml/min/1.73 m2. Risk factors associated with ESKD included age (HR:1.13, CI95% 1.05–1.22), preoperative eGFR (HR:1.04, CI95% 1.01–1.07). Overall mortality was 43.2%, 75.9% at 5 and 10 years respectively, risk factors were age (HR:1.1, CI95% 1.04–1.18), preoperative eGFR (HR:1.03, CI95% 1.01–1.06) and male gender (HR:14.8, CI95% 1.1–192).
Conclusions.

Patients with RC have risk of progressive renal function deterioration and high mortality and the main risk factors associated were age, sex, and preoperative eGFR. Regular monitoring of renal function will permit early diagnosis and treatment.
Sarcopenia is an independent predictor of hospitalization in chronic kidney disease outpatients
Authors: Jeong Hye Yun , Yang Taeyoung , Lee Hyeyeon , Ahn Wooyeol , Kim Jun Chul , Kim JinKwon , Lee Yu Ho , Lee Soonchul , Lim Ha Jeong , Bae Jinkun , Lee Soyoung 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background/AimsPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience much more marked and earlier muscle wasting than subjects who do not have chronic illnesses. However, a few studies that have examined sarcopenia have been reported in CKD patients. We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia in predialysis and dialysis outpatients with CKD and explored its relationship with the clinical outcomes.MethodsSarcopenia was defined as reduced muscle strength accompanied by decreased adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), while those patients who exhibited only one of these characteristics were categorized as presarcopenic patients. ASM was measured by bioimpedence analysis, and muscle strength was evaluated by handgrips. ASM was adjusted by weight (ASM/wt). Patients were prospectively followed for up to 2 years.ResultsOne hundred seventy-nine patients were recruited (114 male and 65 female patients who were classified into 103 predialysis patients and 76 dialysis patients, with 44.7% having diabetes). Their mean age was 60.6 ± 13.5 years old. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 9.5%, while 55.9% of the patients were categorized as presarcopenic. The ASM/wt index showed significant correlations with age, handgrip strength, HOMA-IR and frailty scores. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models demonstrated that the risk of hospitalization was significantly higher for patients with presarcopenia [hazard ratio (HR), 2.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.180–5.230], and the risk of hospitalization was much higher for patients with sarcopenia than for patients in the nonsarcopenic group (HR, 9.11; 95% CI, 2.295–25.182)ConclusionsSarcopenia and presarcopenia, which were defined using the ASM/wt index and handgrip strength, predicted a poorer, hospitalization-free survival in CKD patients.
Perception, Experiences, Risks, and Effects of Sexual Harassment Among Women Working in Hospitality Workplaces of Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Worke Mulugeta Dile , Debelew Gurmesa Tura , Koricha Zewdie Birhanu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Sexual harassment is a public health problem that depends on gender, context, and perceivers ideology. Though it grasped attention worldwide, the perception, experience, risk, and effects of sexual harassment on victims are still uncertain. Mainly, in hospitality workplaces, women employees are disproportionately victims of sexual harassment. However, the issue is at an early stage in low and middle-income countries and Ethiopia in particular. Thus, this study was aimed to explore the perception, experience, perceived risks, and effects of sexual harassment against women working in the hospitality workplaces.Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study from January 1 to August 30, 2019. Data were collected from women employees, managers, cashiers, and customers. We applied a semi-structured focus group and in-depth interview discussion guides. Women employees were selected using the snowball method, and we recruited the key informants purposefully until the data theoretically saturated. Key informants who were supposed to give adequate information to study objectives were selected. The selection process of the key informants was based on their responsibility concerning women working in hospitality workplaces. Data were analyzed via the thematic analysis approach with the help of ATLAS ti version 8.4.24 software package. Results: Forty-five women, five managers, four cashiers, and four customers were included in the study. Perceptions, experiences, perceived risk factors, and consequences of workplace sexual harassment were identified. The majority of the participants lack awareness about workplace sexual harassment. The experiences were verbal, physical, visual, and gender-related forms of sexual harassment. The perceived risk factors of sexual harassment were organization related, customer-related, and victim-related. The consequences were work-related, health-related, and financial and family undermining.Conclusions: Sexual harassment is poorly understood but widely experienced by women working in hospitality workplaces. It was also caused by multiple factors and affected both organizations and individuals. Awareness creation campaigns, pre-service education, and in-service training, prevention, and rehabilitation of the victims are needed. Likewise, organizational policies and strategies should have to be developed and implemented.
Allelopathy of Wheat and Faba Bean Extracts in an Intercropping System
Authors: Guo Yuting , Lv Jiaxing , Dong Yan , Dong Kun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

We intensively studied faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) intercropping and found that this type of intercropping can effectively control the occurrence of faba bean wilt under field conditions. We conducted hydroponic experiments to explore the role of plant extracts in process of soil-borne diseases and the mechanism of disease control of faba bean and wheat intercropping. In this experiment, three concentration gradients of faba bean and wheat stems and leaves and root extracts were added to study the effects of faba bean and wheat extracts on faba bean growth, root physiological resistance and the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae (FOF).
Result

Faba bean extracts significantly inhibited the growth of faba bean seedlings and the activity of root defense enzymes and significantly stimulated the growth of FOF at high concentrations. Compared with the treatment with faba bean extracts, wheat extracts significantly enhanced the growth of faba bean seedlings, increased the activity of defense enzymes and inhibited the growth of FOF.
Conclusions

Based on these results, we believe that wheat extract can effectively alleviate the autotoxicity of faba beans and also control the occurrence of faba bean wilt in the field. This provides a theoretical basis for practical intercropping to reduce the harm of faba bean wilt.
Transplantation of Autologous Fat, Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) Cell and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) for Cell Therapy of Atrophic Acne Scars: Clinical Evaluation and Biometric Assessment
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Heidari-Kharaji Maryam , Alavi Shiva , Mahmoudbeyk Mona , Nouri Maryam , Peyrovan Aisan , Zare Sona 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Scarring is an unfortunate result of acne, because it causes psychological and cosmetic problems to patients. Unluckily no single treatment is suitable; using multiple methods may have better result. autologous fat and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and their secretory factors can and enhance angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, and migration of fibroblasts therefore regenerate hurt tissues. Also, other treatments for acne scarring, like platelet rich plasma (PRP), induce the scare improvement. The aim of the study was to verify the effectiveness of transplantation of autologous fat, SVF cells and PRP as cell therapy technique on atrophic acne scars. Methods: This study included 9 adult patients with atrophic acne scars on the face. All patients received transplantation of autologous fat, stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and PRP. The treatment outcome was measured by biometric assessment (Visioface 1000 D, Colorimeter, multi probe adapter Cutometer, Tewameter, Mexameter, and skin ultrasound imaging system), also patients’ satisfaction was evaluated. The patients were followed 6 months after treatment. Results: A significant improvement in the skin pores, spots, skin lightness and melanin content of the skin, skin elasticity and TEWL after 6 months of treatment. Also denser skin layers were observed both in the epidermis and dermis. Furthermore, 66.6 % of the patients showed well satisfied after treatment. Conclusion: Briefly, transplantation of autologous fat, SVF cells and PRP is an effective cell therapy for atrophic acne scars.