bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What makes for a successful sociology? A response to “Against a descriptive turn”
Authors: Savage Mike 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper responds to Nick Gane's “Against a descriptive turn”. I argue that descriptive research strategies are more open and inclusive than those which purport to be causal where explanatory adequacy is assessed by expert insiders. I also show how open descriptive strategies can assist a wider explanatory purpose when these are conceived in non‐positivist ways. I argue that epochalist sociology lacks an adequate temporal ontology because it collapses descriptive specificity back into overarching epoch descriptions. Finally, I argue that if the entire range of publications associated with the Great British Class Survey are considered, that it has demonstrated a productive way of recognising the significance of class which has facilitated major research advances in its wake.
Inhomogeneity of capillaroscopic findings in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Lambova Sevdalina Nikolova , Müller‐Ladner Ulf 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite the great interest in capillaroscopy in systemic sclerosis (SSc), research on the possible combinations of different microvascular phenomena at different fingers in SSc patients have not been performed until now.ObjectiveTo assess the diversity of capillaroscopic findings in SSc.MethodsThe study includes analysis of the capillaroscopic findings in 40 SSc patients who were divided into the following categories: “scleroderma”, type pattern ‐ “early”, “active”, “late” phase, normal and/or nonspecific findings. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t test.ResultsIn 77% of the patients, inhomogeneity of the capillaroscopic findings of the fingers was detected. The most frequent combinations of capillaroscopic patterns were “early + active” (n = 7), “active + late” phase (n = 7), “active” phase + normal and/or nonspecific findings (n = 6), “early + active” phase + normal and/or nonspecific findings (n = 4). Concomitant presence of normal and/or nonspecific findings and “late” phase was detected in only 3 cases.ConclusionInhomogeneity of the capillaroscopic findings in SSc is a frequent phenomenon. The results indicate that combinations of “scleroderma” type capillaroscopic findings from different phases could be observed as well as concomitant appearance of pathological and normal/or nonspecific findings of different digits. This phenomenon could be a result of the complex action of different factors eg, disease duration, severity of Raynaud's phenomenon, presence of digital ulcers, local action of different angiogenic and angiostatic factors, gradual transition from one phase to another due to the extensive capillary area, therapeutic interventions.
Cellular senescence and chronological age in various human tissues: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tuttle Camilla S. L. , Waaijer Mariette E. C. , Slee‐Valentijn Monique S. , Stijnen Theo , Westendorp Rudi , Maier Andrea B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSenescent cells in tissues and organs are considered to be pivotal to not only the aging process but also the onset of chronic disease. Accumulating evidence from animal experiments indicates that the magnitude of senescence can vary within and between aged tissue samples from the same animal. However, whether this variation in senescence translates across to human tissue samples is unknown. To address this fundamental question, we have conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all available literature investigating the magnitude of senescence and its association with chronological age in human tissue samples. While senescence is higher in aged tissue samples, the magnitude of senescence varies considerably depending upon tissue type, tissue section, and marker used to detect senescence. These findings echo animal experiments demonstrating that senescence levels may vary between organs within the same animal.
Enchantment as Method
Authors: Stainova Yana 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis article proposes enchantment as an ethnographic method that attunes us to the world‐building potential of dreams and the imagination, as well as to the structural forces that simultaneously constitute human lives. To be enchanted is to experience wonder, to let oneself be moved. This concept emerges from my fieldwork with young musicians in Venezuela who, as residents of urban barrios, confront structural violence and sociopolitical crises. I study how through music and stories they conjure worlds they call their own, acts of creation that persist in spite of social decay. By engaging in flights of the imagination of possibilities foreclosed by their material environments, and by portraying and experiencing themselves and their communities otherwise, they refuse to be determined by dominant logics and rationalities. Letting myself be enchanted by and with them allows me to account for spaces of experience that may escape measurement yet have latent social and political potential. A method of enchantment counterbalances the emphasis on structures of domination espoused by critical thinking in the social sciences. Holding the critical and enchanted approach in creative tension allows us to recognize the creative potential of play, fantasy, and music that emanate from their own force in the crevices of systems of power that sway people’s destinies.
Retinal microvasculature in pituitary adenoma patients: is optical coherence tomography angiography useful?
Authors: Dallorto Laura , Lavia Carlo , Jeannerot Arnaud‐Louis , Shor Natalia , Jublanc Christel , Boch Anne‐Laure , Bodaghi Bahram , Tadayoni Ramin , Touitou Valérie , Bonnin Sophie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo examine retinal vascular changes in the peripapillary and macular areas in patients with pituitary adenoma (PA) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsCross‐sectional, retrospective study of 17 consecutive PA patients and 16 healthy subjects. All patients underwent a neuro‐ophthalmological examination to assess the presence of optic neuropathy (ON). Static automated perimetry (SAP), macular and optic disc structural OCT [retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thicknesses] and OCTA were performed. Pituitary adenoma (PA) patients with ON were compared to those without ON and to healthy subjects.ResultsOptic neuropathy (ON) was found in 16 eyes of nine PA patients. Peripapillary vessel density (ppVD) and macular vessel density (VD) in the superficial vascular plexus were significantly decreased in PA eyes with ON, compared to healthy eyes (45.21 ± 5.69 versus 50.52 ± 2.14% and 43.79 ± 5.03% versus 48.96 ± 2.94%, respectively). No significant difference in VD was observed in the macular deep vascular complex (DVC) between groups. Pituitary adenoma (PA) patients with ON had a mean ppVD reduction by 10.51% compared to healthy subjects. RNFL and GCC thicknesses were significantly reduced in PA eyes with ON compared to the other groups. Peripapillary VD (ppVD) significantly correlated with RNFL thickness and SAP mean deviation.ConclusionsOptical coherence tomography angiography showed a significant decrease in ppVD and superficial macular VD in PA eyes with ON compared to healthy eyes, according to RNFL and GCC thinning. Together with the absence of DVC alterations, it may provide further insights into neurovascular coupling.
Optimal approximate conversions of odds ratios and hazard ratios to risk ratios
Authors: VanderWeele Tyler J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOdds ratios approximate risk ratios when the outcome under consideration is rare but can diverge substantially from risk ratios when the outcome is common. In this paper, we derive optimal analytic conversions of odds ratios and hazard ratios to risk ratios that are minimax for the bias ratio when outcome probabilities are specified to fall in any fixed interval. The results for hazard ratios are derived under a proportional hazard assumption for the exposure. For outcome probabilities specified to lie in symmetric intervals centered around 0.5, it is shown that the square‐root transformation of the odds ratio is the optimal minimax conversion for the risk ratio. General results for any nonsymmetric interval are given both for odds ratio and for hazard ratio conversions. The results are principally useful when odds ratios or hazard ratios are reported in papers, and the reader does not have access to the data or to information about the overall outcome prevalence.
Random forests and selected samples
Authors: Cook Jonathan A. , Siddiqui Saad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a procedure for recovering causal coefficients from selected samples that uses random forests, a popular machine‐learning algorithm. This proposed method makes few assumptions regarding the selection equation and the distribution of the error terms. Our Monte Carlo results indicate that our method performs well, even when the selection and outcome equations contain the same variables, as long as the selection equation is nonlinear. The method can also be used when there are many variables in the selection equation. We also compare the results of our procedure with other parametric and semiparametric methods using real data.
Exhumed hydrocarbon traps on the North Atlantic margin: Stratigraphy, palaeontology, provenance and bitumen distribution, an integrated approach
Authors: Andrews Steven D. , Decou Audrey , Braham Bill , Kelly Simon R. A. , Robinson Paula , Morton Andrew C. , Marshall John E. A. , Hyden Fiona 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrevious work has demonstrated the presence of a number of exhumed hydrocarbon traps in central East Greenland. Re‐evaluation of the stratigraphy alongside detailed investigation of the occurrence of bitumen within the Mols Bjerge and Laplace Bjerg exhumed hydrocarbon traps provides new perspectives on these structures, as well as the petroleum geology of East Greenland and the wider North Atlantic. Sedimentological and stratigraphic studies, augmented with palynological and provenance investigations, have constrained the dating and correlation of the strata exposed in the Mols Bjerge and Laplace Bjerg. Petrographic analysis, alongside analysis of the bitumen identified, has highlighted a much wider distribution of hydrocarbon than previously recognized. It was previously considered that Jurassic strata formed the main reservoir interval within the Mols Bjerge and Laplace Bjerg exhumed hydrocarbon traps. It is shown here that the reservoir intervals in the Laplace Bjerg trap lie within the Late Triassic Ørsted Dal and Vega Sund members, which contain up to 18% pyrobitumen and were previously misidentified as Jurassic. The Jurassic Bristol Elv Formation is the most extensively bitumen stained unit in the Mols Bjerge trap. However, occurrences of pyrobitumen (up to 3%) are recorded throughout the Triassic stratigraphy, including the Early Triassic Wordie Creek Formation. Faults, thick calcrete development and regionally continuous mudstone units play an important role in compartmentalizing the palaeohydrocarbon accumulations.
Cross‐cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of Assistance to Participate Scale
Authors: Yarar Feride , Aslan Telci Emine , Kılavuz Oren Gönül , Kara Guzin , Cetisli Korkmaz Nilufer , Engin Simsek Ibrahim , Karahan Sevilay 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Assistance to Participate Scale is a questionnaire to evaluate activity participation of children with developmental disabilities. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Assistance to Participate Scale.MethodsNinety‐eight mothers' children with developmental disabilities were included in this study. The Assistance to Participate Scale, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory were applied to all subjects. To evaluate reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, minimal detectable change (MDC) with standard error of measurement (SEM), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test–retest were used. The relationship between Assistance to Participate Scale, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory was investigated, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used for construct validity.ResultsCronbach's alpha value of the scale was found.93, demonstrating that this value has excellent internal consistency. Test–retest reliability was found 0.99 (ICC 95% CI [0.995, 0.998]; SEM:0.57, MDC:1.58). For construct validity, the correlations between Assistance to Participate Scale, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory total scores and items were significant (p < .001). Factor analysis showed that the questionnaire had unidimensional and the explained variance was 0.84%.ConclusionsThe Turkish version of the Assistance to Participate Scale is valid and reliable scale for children with developmental disabilities.
Association of depression and anxiety with different aspects of dental anxiety in pregnant mothers and their partners
Authors: Lahti Satu M. , Tolvanen Mimmi M. , Humphris Gerald , Freeman Ruth , Rantavuori Kari , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to confirm the factor structure of Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and to investigate whether the association of these factors with general anxiety and depression varied across gender.MethodsThe FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study (www.finnbrain.fi) data from the first collection point at gestational week 14 were used. Of the invited participants (n = 5790), 3808 (66%) expectant mothers and 2623 fathers or other partners of the mother agreed to participate, and 3095 (81.3%) mothers and 2011 (76.7%) fathers returned the self‐report questionnaire. Dental anxiety was measured with the MDAS, general anxiety symptoms with Symptom Checklist‐90 (anxiety subscale) and depressive symptoms with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was conducted to test the equivalence of the factor structure and multiple group SEM (MGSEM) to test the configural invariance (unconstrained model) and metric invariance (structural weights model), across genders.ResultsOf those consenting, 3022 (98%) women and 1935 (96%) men answered the MDAS. The MGCFA indicated good convergent validity for the two‐factor model for MDAS, but somewhat low discriminant validity (factors demonstrated 72% shared variance). The MDAS items loaded clearly higher for the assigned factor than to the other factor (differences in loadings >0.2), indicating that the 2‐factor model has merit. According to the final MGSEM model, anxiety symptoms were directly related to anticipatory dental anxiety, but not to treatment‐related dental anxiety.ConclusionsWhen assessing dental anxiety with MDAS, considering also its two factors may help clinicians in understanding the nature of patient's dental anxiety.
Assessing the effectiveness of development co‐operation: Method matters
Authors: Hall Jo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMotivationThe Great Aid Debate is at an impasse between those who believe aid works and those who do not. The impasse is in part because people are arguing about the answers to different questions and in part because the methods historically used are not fit for purpose. The methods have not helped advance our understanding about how and why aid works.Research questionsAre there better questions and ways of measuring effectiveness that are better suited to developing and testing theories of aid, at a level more useful for policy‐makers in promoting more effective development co‐operation?Approach and methodsThe article reviews the literature on aid effectiveness, development effectiveness and evaluation methods. It focuses on the questions these methods aimed to answer and the methods adopted. The literature broadly covers two questions at the macro level: “Does aid work?” and “How effectively is aid managed?” and a third question at the micro level: “How effective is each aid project?”FindingsA focus on the wrong questions and/or methods at the macro level has been at the expense of explicit aid theory as opposed to development theory. The micro level is too small to be useful in informing policy.A more useful question at a meso level is: “What types of development co‐operation work in which contexts and why?” A trend of systematic reviews which rely on randomized control trials (RCTs) falls into similar traps as historical measures. Theory‐based evaluation approaches are more explanatory as they investigate the mechanisms by which different types of development co‐operation work.Policy implicationsI propose that a meso level of analysis that sits above the level of individual initiatives and draws on the explanatory powers of theory‐based evaluation and mechanisms will yield more useful theories about how different types of development co‐operation work. It will also provide development co‐operation policy‐makers insights into what types of development co‐operation are more likely to work effectively in different contexts, potentially allowing them to make better decisions.
The third‐generation retinoid adapalene triggered DNA damage to induce S‐phase arrest in HaCat cells
Authors: Wang Cheng , Li Hongyang , Ma Pengcheng , Sun Jianfang , Li Lingjun , Wei Jun , Tao Lei , Qian Kun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEpidermal proliferative diseases consisted of a series of common skin diseases, most of which were recurrent chronic skin diseases, and had greatly negative influence on the life quality of patient. Retinoids exhibited vital roles in the treatment of many skin diseases. Our recent study demonstrated that adapalene significantly inhibited the growth of HaCat cells, and the inhibitory activity was stronger than other retinoids, such as all‐trans‐retinoic acid, acitretin, isotretinoin, tazarotene, and bexarotene. Further study showed that adapalene suppressed the colony formation of HaCat cells, and it dramatically triggered S‐phase arrest and apoptosis, rather than G1 phase arrest which was reported in other retinoids in several studies. Additionally, adapalene treatment greatly upregulated the protein expression of DNA damage marker γ‐H2AX, which was in accord with the results of the elongation of tail moment by comet electrophoresis analysis. Moreover, DNA damage was triggered and DNA repair was suppressed synchronously with adapalene treatment, which accounted for the mechanism of S‐phase arrest induced by adapalene. In summary, our recent work demonstrated that adapalene showed strong anti‐proliferation activity in HaCat cells and could be an alternative agent for the epidermal proliferative disease.
The feasibility and safety of sharp recanalization for superior vena cava occlusion in hemodialysis patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Ling , Yang Letian , Zhao Yuliang , Wang Yating , Yu Yang , Salerno Stephen , Li Yi , Fu Ping , Cui Tianlei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Hemodialysis catheter‐related superior vena cava (SVC) occlusions can cause considerable morbidity for patients and be challenging to treat if refractory to conventional guide wire transversal. This pilot study assessed the feasibility and safety of sharp recanalization of SVC occlusion in hemodialysis patients.Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled hemodialysis patients treated in West China Hospital diagnosed with SVC occlusion who failed traditional guide wire transversal from January 2014 to November 2017. In brief, a guide wire from the femoral approach was advanced to the lower end of the obstructive lesion to act as a target, while the stiff end of hydrophilic wire was advanced though a jugular approach. Under fluoroscopic guidance in biplane imaging, the occlusive SVC lesion was penetrated with the stiff wire that was snared and pulled through. Graded dilation of the SVC and subsequent tunneled‐cuffed catheter implantation were performed. Demographic information and clinical outcomes were recorded and evaluated.Findings: Sixteen patients with a mean age of 62 ± 13 years (13 females and 3 males) who received SVC sharp recanalization were included in this study. The sharp recanalization procedure was successfully performed in 14 patients (87.5%). Two patients were complicated with SVC laceration and hemopericardium but remained asymptomatic and required no surgical repair. One patient suffered ventricular fibrillation during procedure. Despite the return of spontaneous circulation, the patient unfortunately died of gastrointestinal tract bleeding after 3 days in ICU. Follow‐up suggested the 6‐month catheter patency to be 92.85% and 12‐month catheter patency to be 58.33%. No long‐term procedure‐related complications were recorded.Discussion: Sharp recanalization might be a feasible strategy in managing SVC occlusion in hemodialysis patients. The potential life‐threatening complications (cardiac arrhythmia and SVC laceration) necessitate strict eligibility screening, skillful operation, and avoidance of over‐dilation of SVC.
Current perspectives on peanut allergy
Authors: Frith Katie , Katelaris Constance H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPeanut allergy is increasingly prevalent and for most patients is a life‐long condition, with the potential to cause life‐threatening reactions. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to minimise risks due to accidental peanut exposure. Current management strategies focus on strict allergen avoidance and access to emergency medicines to treat potential reactions; however, active approaches are an area of intense research. Promising new methods of food allergen immunotherapy are set to change the approach to managing peanut allergic patients in the near future.
Association between urinary urgency and falls among rural dwelling older women
Authors: Park Jeongok , Lee Kyoungjin , Lee Kayoung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the association between urinary urgency and falls in older women living in rural areas in South Korea.DesignA secondary analysis was conducted using cross‐sectional data.MethodsThis study used dataset obtained from 246 women aged 65 years or older living in 15 rural mountain communities in South Korea between February 2016–March 2016. Falls were measured by self‐reports including the number, location, reasons of falls during the past year. Frequency of urinary urgency and nocturia were assessed by self‐reports. Covariates included age, body mass index, self‐reported health problems. Mixed‐effects negative binomial regression was used to analyse the association between urinary urgency and the number of falls.ResultsThe mean age of the 246 women was 77.3 years. Among the sample, 30.1% experienced at least one fall in the past year and 16% had required hospital treatments. The analysis showed that urinary urgency and osteoporosis were significantly associated with a greater number of falls after adjusting for other covariates. Among those who had experienced falls, nearly 60% reported that the reasons for falls were environmental factors, such as slippery floors or uneven sidewalks/thresholds.ConclusionImproving urinary urgency may be a strategy to decrease the fall risk in older women. Accordingly, community nurses can provide intervention programs on lifestyle and behavioural changes such as bladder training, dietary modification and pelvic floor muscle training. Interventions for fall prevention need to be developed while considering the unique features of indoor and outdoor environments.ImpactThe findings have implications for healthcare providers and policy makers with regard to the development of safer indoor and outdoor environments for older women living in rural areas by remodelling their residential spaces and neighbourhoods. In addition, more prospective studies using larger samples are needed to investigate the causal mechanism between urinary urgency and falls.