bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex and Gender Diversity in Southeast Asia
Authors: Sanders Douglas 
Published: December 2020

The United Nations human rights system has recognized rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex individuals (LGBTI), with key decisions in 2011 and 2016. To what extent are the rights of these groupings respected in Southeast Asia? The visibility of LGBTI is low in Southeast Asia and government attitudes vary. Criminal laws, both secular and Sharia, in some jurisdictions, have prohibitions, but active enforcement is rare. Discrimination in employment is prohibited by law in Thailand and in local laws in the Philippines. Change of legal ‘sex’ for transgender individuals is sometimes possible. Legal recognition of same-sex relationships has been proposed in Thailand and the Philippines, but not yet enacted. Marriage has been opened to same-sex couples in neighboring Taiwan. Laws on adoption and surrogacy generally exclude same-sex couples. So-called ‘normalizing surgery’ on intersex babies needs to be deferred to the child’s maturity, to protect their health and rights.
Mengajar Engineering Design Process Untuk Memperkenalkan STEM Pada Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Raudhatul Qur’an
Authors: Nusyirwan Deny , Prayetno Eko 
Published: December 2020

Saat ini, pekerjaan di industri yang tumbuh paling cepat didominasi dengan pekerja dengan keterampilan Sains, Teknologi, Teknik, dan Matematika (STEM). Untuk menjadi kompetitif, penyedia pekerjaan membutuhkan tenaga kerja yang dapat beradaptasi dengan tempat kerja yang berubah. STEM memberdayakan individu dengan keterampilan untuk sukses dan beradaptasi dengan dunia yang terus berubah tersebut. Dengan latar tersebut di lakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan nama pelatihan Tech for Kids (TFK), yang menitik beratkan pada pembelajaran Engineering Design Process untuk memperkenalkan STEM pada siswa. Anak-anak memiliki kepribadian insinyur secara alami. Dimulai dengan rajin untuk mengotak-atik puzzle yang berupa potongan potongan kecil dari sebuah gambar utuh dan membangun serta membongkar dan menyatukannya kembali. Anak-anak mampu membuat penyesuaian secara cepat dan berimprovisasi tanpa memiliki rasa takut untuk menemukan sesuatu yang baru. Kemampuan berfikir secara luas yang diperkenalkan didalam proses pembelajaran TFK, mampu menyadarkan siswa akan pentingnya teknologi. Demikian juga sekolah yang termotivasi untuk mendorong siswa tidak hanya menjadi pengguna teknologi. Meningkatnya keinginan siswa selama kegiatan berlangsung telah menunjukkan keberhaSilahkann dari pelatihan TFK.
Pemanfaatan Gadget dalam Meningkatkan Minat Baca Anak di Keluarga
Authors: Anggriani Yula 
Published: December 2020

Artikel ini menggunakan metode studi literature yang mengambil data dari berbagai bahan pustaka yang tersedia di internet yang mengangkat topic tentang penggunaan teknologi dalam meningkatkan minat baca anak di keluarga. Minat baca merupakan hal yang penting untuk masa depan anak. Kebiasaan dan minat baca harus diterapkan sejak usia dini, dimana perkembangan otak sangat pesat yaitu 80% dari kapasitas otak manusia pada dua tahun pertama. Masa usia dini masa yang tepat untuk menanamkan kebiasaan baik yang nantinya akan dibawa sampai dewasa. Orang tua memegang peran penting, sebagai orang tua harus sadar dan mampu melaksanakannya dengan baik. Namun pada kenyataannya banyak orang tua yang masih belum sadar akan pentingnya menanamkan minat baca pada anak. Perkembangan teknologi meskipun dianggap memiliki pengaruh yang buruk pada minat baca anak, namun apabila dilihat dari aspek positif teknologi bisa dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Penggunaan media teknologi gadget dapat dimanfaatkan oleh orang tua untuk mendukung upaya dalam menanamkan minat baca pada anak. Dengan menggunakan gadget akan tersedia banyak buku-buku elektronik yang dapat digunakan secara gratis oleh anak. Bukan hanya buku elektronik yang berbentuk tulisan saja, buku elektronik yang berbentuk gambar juga tersedia. Pengguaan buku elektronik berbentuk gambar akan menarik anak untuk gemar membaca.
Mekanisasi Pertanian dan Pengembangan Usaha Pelayanan Jasa Alsintan (UPJA)
Authors: Tarigan Herlina 
Published: December 2020

<p>Agricultural Machinery Services Business (UPJA) is an institution based on the awareness of limited agricultural land, inadequate agricultural labor, fast planting time, and important agricultural modernization. UPJA is expected to overcome farming problems as well as being a factor of economic growth through capital accumulation and agricultural competitiveness. This paper is a critical review that aims to analyze agricultural mechanization and institutional development of UPJA as a rural economic institution for optimizing agricultural machinery. Results of the analysis show that the application of agricultural mechanization has been able to accelerate production process as well as to increase production and farming profits. The Special Effort (Upsus) program through agricultural machinery assistance has not run optimally. One way for optimizing the program is to grow and build UPJA as a manager of agricultural machinery. UPJA has the potential to spur the development of modern agriculture and at the same time it drives farmers’ economy in rural areas. Comprehensive and professional handling of UPJA is possible to develop this institution into a farmers’ corporation.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Usaha Pelayanan Jasa Alsintan (UPJA) adalah lembaga yang dibangun dari kesadaran bahwa lahan pertanian di Indonesia sudah relatif sempit, tenaga kerja pertanian makin terbatas, perlu mengejar waktu tanam, dan pentingnya modernisasi pertanian. UPJA diperkirakan mampu mengatasi masalah usaha tani sekaligus menjadi faktor pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui akumulasi modal dan daya saing pertanian. Tulisan ini merupakan review ilmiah (critical review) yang bertujuan menganalisis mekanisasi pertanian dan pengembangan kelembagaan UPJA sebagai lembaga ekonomi desa dalam rangka optimalisasi alsintan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan penerapan mekanisasi pertanian telah mampu mempercepat proses produksi, meningkatkan produksi, dan keuntungan usaha tani. Program Upsus melalui bantuan alsintan belum berjalan secara optimal. Salah satu bentuk upaya optimalisasi adalah dengan menumbuhkan dan membangun UPJA sebagai pengelola alsintan. UPJA potensial memacu berkembangnya pertanian modern sekaligus menggerakkan ekonomi petani di pedesaan. Penanganan UPJA secara menyeluruh dan profesional berpotensi mengembangkan lembaga ini menjadi korporasi petani.</p>
Rekonseptualisasi Petani sebagai Basis Pembangunan Pertanian Indonesia
Authors: Syahyuti NFN 
Published: December 2020

<p>In Indonesia the discourse of farmers is relatively limited and unsatisfactory, unlike that at global level. It leads to our different understanding of farmers as shown by the various definitions in regulations and policies including those in academics. This paper aims to search on how farmers are interpreted in Indonesia in order to find more exact formulation in the future. The identical, standard understanding is essential in formulating agricultural development plan. Scientific review analysis on evolution of understanding and attitude toward farmers are compiled from various scientific sources, policies, and regulations. The results show that farmers should be considered as complete human being with multi dimensions as labor, socio-cultural creature, and religious individuals. It implies that it is necessary to harmonize the definition of farmers and to expand its coverage such that farm workers are part of farmers because they directly involved in daily agricultural activities.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Di Indonesia, diskursus tentang “petani” agak terbatas dan belum memuaskan, tidak sebagaimana di tataran global. Akibatnya, pemahaman kita terhadap petani belum sama satu sama lain, sebagaimana ditunjukkan dari beragamnya batasan yang digunakan dalam berbagai produk regulasi dan kebijakan, termasuk di dunia akademis. Tulisan ini bertujuan melakukan penelusuran terhadap bagaimana petani diinterpretasikan selama ini di Indonesia, sebagai upaya untuk mendapatkan formulasi yang lebih tepat pada masa depan. Pemahaman yang sama dan baku sangat penting sebagai basis dalam penyusunan perencanaan pembangunan pertanian. Analisis review ilmiah terhadap perkembangan pemahaman dan sikap terhadap petani diambil dari berbagai sumber akademis, kebijakan maupun regulasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa petani harus diposisikan seutuhnya sebagai manusia yang memiliki multidimensi, baik sebagai tenaga kerja, makhluk sosial kultural, sekaligus insan religi. Implikasi ke depan perlu dilakukan penyelarasan batasan petani dan memperluas cakupan sehingga buruh tani menjadi bagian dari petani, karena mereka adalah pelaku langsung di lapangan sehari-hari secara riil.</p>
Dukungan dan Penguatan Peternak dalam Usaha Ternak Kerbau di Provinsi Banten
Authors: Rusdiana S. , Talib C. , Anggraini A 
Published: December 2020

<p>Banten Province is characterized by local potentials of buffalo farming, e.g. breeding, rearing and fattening. It is promising to develop traditional buffalo farming into commercial one. This paper theoretically describes existing buffalo farming in Banten Province and how to develop it. Buffalo farming in Banten Province is relatively traditional, i.e. secondary business, livestock mainly for savings, small scales, inefficient production cost, and less profitable. Supporting facilities needed for improving the buffalo farming from traditional to commercial business are mutual cooperation among members in the farmers’ group, upgrading farmers’ knowledge on cow breeding, feed, farm business, applied technology, and natural resource use. The farmers require guidance and supervision, financial support, feed and calves assistance, and water supply for the livestock all year around. The government needs to set policy on marketing, e.g. selling price and requirements of bodyweight and health of the livestock. Eventually, the buffalo farmers in this province will be encouraged to conduct more profitable buffalo farming.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Provinsi Banten memiliki potensi yang cukup banyak untuk pengembangan ternak kerbau, pembibitan, serta pembesaran dan penggemukan dari tradisional menjadi komersial. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara teoritis mengenai potensi kerbau di Provinsi Banten dan pengembangannya. Peternak kerbau di Banten dicirikan dengan usaha sampingan, beternak untuk tabungan, skala pemilikan kecil, biaya produksi tinggi, dan kurang menguntungkan. Faktor pendukung untuk mengarahkan usaha ternak tradisional menjadi komersial adalah penguatan pengetahuan dan kinerja SDM peternak dalam hal kelembagaan, kerja sama antaranggota kelompok, peningkatan pengetahuan terkait bibit, pakan dan bisnis, serta teknologi terapan dan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan SDA sekitarnya. Untuk kemajuan usaha komersial dibutuhkan pendampingan, dana, bibit ternak, pakan dan air minum untuk ternak sepanjang tahun. Kebijakan pemasaran seperti harga jual ternak bibit dan daging perlu dibuat agar ternak yang masuk dari luar provinsi memenuhi persyaratan ukuran tubuh, bobot, dan kesehatan supaya peternak lokal terpacu untuk menghasilkan ternak yang lebih baik dengan harga jual yang lebih menguntungkan.</p>
Desconfianza, regímenes de verdad, conspiraciones y montajes en el contexto de la covid-19 en México
Authors: Murillo Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Este ensayo examina la reproducción y circulación de videos, imágenes y memes para la construcción de regímenes de verdad en la esfera pública mexicana durante la pandemia de la covid-19. Desde marzo de 2020, fecha en que comenzó la circulación de información sobre contagios, muertes y repuntes de casos, medios digitales y sus plataformas de verificación de datos, familiares de personas fallecidas y hospitalizadas de covid-19 se movilizaron en redes sociales videos e imágenes para evidenciar y comprobar lo que acontecía. Este cúmulo de información, sumada a los memes, generó un estado de ánimo de desconfianza en México ante las diferentes versiones compartidas. A partir de metodologías visuales, este ensayo examina cómo la imagen a través de las diferentes plataformas es apropiada y recombinada con otros géneros discursivos en la pandemia de la covid-19 para la obtención de legitimidad y legibilidad. Dentro de la abundante información, la figura del subsecretario de salud, Hugo Ló pez-Gatell, especialista y encargado en dar a conocer a los mexicanos los detalles de la pandemia figuró de manera.
Dinámicas e identificación grupal en gamers de Lima, el caso de competitividad en el videojuego League of Legends
Authors: Toykin Minaya Francis Irineo 
Published: December 2020

Se busca comprender los aspectos culturales que emergen en las dinámicas grupales a partir del consumo de videojuegos en Lima. Se efectuó investigación cualitativa en imaginarios y prácticas de gamers de los equipos ANG y SHOT del videojuego League of Legends en el ámbito competitivo local. Se realizó trabajo de campo en el festival World Cyber Games 2013 en el Perú, observación y participación en cabinas de videojuegos y espacios afines. ¿Cómo es la identificación grupal de estos jugadores? La respuesta conlleva el análisis de variables culturales como identificación, juego, performance, territorialidad, consumo, distinción y masculinidad, en los dos espacios de representación: el virtual, como escenario donde los jugadores se transfiguran en personajes; y el físico, en que actúan como jugadores, mediante la interacción y el empleo de aparatos tecnológicos. Son «tribus urbano virtuales» que comparten valores e intereses, cuyo sentido de pertenencia se funda en lazos afectivos, emocionales y competitivos.
Development of a decision support intervention for family members of adults who lack capacity to consent to trials
Authors: Shepherd Victoria , Wood Fiona , Griffith Richard , Sheehan Mark , Hood Kerenza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Informed consent is required for participation in clinical trials, however trials involving adults who lack capacity to consent require different enrolment processes. A family member usually acts as a proxy to make a decision based on the patient’s ‘presumed will’, but they can experience an emotional and decisional burden as a result. Decisions made on behalf of others are conceptually different from those we make for ourselves. Despite innovations to improve informed consent processes for research, including the development of decision aid, there are no interventions for proxies who arguably are faced with more complex decisions. This article outlines the development of a novel decision aid aimed at supporting families making decisions about research participation on behalf of an adult who lacks capacity to consent. Methods Decision support interventions should be developed using rigorous and evidence-based methods. This intervention was developed using the MRC guidance for the development of complex interventions, and a conceptual framework for the development and evaluation of decision aids for people considering taking part in a clinical trial. The intervention was informed by a systematic review and analysis of existing information provision. Previous qualitative research with families who had acted as proxies enabled the development of a theoretical framework to underpin the intervention. The intervention was iteratively developed in conjunction with lay advisors and relevant stakeholders. Results Previous research, theoretical frameworks, and decision aid development frameworks were used to identify and develop the intervention components. The decision aid includes information about the proxy’s role and uses a values clarification exercise and decision support methods to enable a more informed and better-quality decision. Stakeholders, including those representing implementers and receivers of the intervention, contributed to the design and comprehensibility of the decision aid and helped to ensure that it would be acceptable for use.Conclusions Frameworks for the development of decision aids for people considering participating in a clinical trial can be used to develop interventions for family members acting as proxy decision-makers. The decision support tool is acceptable to users but requires feasibility testing and outcome measure development prior to any evaluation of its effectiveness.
Using practical wisdom to facilitate ethical decision-making: a major empirical study of phronesis in the decision narratives of doctors.
Authors: Conroy Mervyn , Malik Aisha Y , Hale Catherine , Weir Catherine , Brockie Alan , Turner Chris 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Medical ethics has recently seen a drive away from multiple prescriptive approaches, where physicians are inundated with guidelines and principles, towards alternative, less deontological perspectives. This represents a clear call for theory building that does not produce more guidelines. Phronesis (practical wisdom) offers an alternative approach for ethical decision-making based on an application of accumulated wisdom gained through previous practice dilemmas and decisions experienced by practitioners. Phronesis, as an ‘executive virtue’, offers a way to navigate the practice virtues for any given case to reach a final decision on the way forward. However, very limited empirical data exist to support the theory of phronesis -based medical decision-making, and what does exist tends to focus on individual practitioners rather than practice-based communities of physicians. Methods The primary research question was: What does it mean to medical practitioners to make ethically wise decisions for patients and their communities? A three-year ethnographic study explored the practical wisdom of doctors (n=131) and used their narratives to develop theoretical understanding of the concepts of ethical decision-making. Data collection included narrative interviews and observations with hospital doctors and General Practitioners at all stages in career progression. The analysis draws on neo-Aristotelian, MacIntyrean concepts of practice- based virtue ethics and was supported by an arts-based film production process. Results We found that individually doctors conveyed many different practice virtues and those were consolidated into fifteen virtue continua that convey the participants’ ‘collective practical wisdom’, including the phronesis virtue. This study advances the existing theory and practice on phronesis as a decision-making approach due to the availability of these continua. Conclusion Given the arguments that doctors feel professionally and personally vulnerable in the context of ethical decision-making, the continua in the form of a video series and app based moral debating resource can support before, during and after decision-making reflection. The potential implications are that these theoretical findings can be used by educators and practitioners as a non-prescriptive alternative to improve ethical decision-making, thereby addressing the call in the literature, and benefit patients and their communities, as well.
System wide learning from first wave Covid 19: A realist synthesis of what works?
Authors: Jackson Carolyn , Manley Kim , Webster Jonathan , Hardy Sally 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

This paper presents a thematic analysis of 176 interview transcripts from front line staff working during the first wave of COVID-19 in the East of England.
Methods

Presented as a descriptive case study it reflects the complexity and numerous variables that influenced staff experiences of delivering care and support across the health and social care system between April and August 2020. Drawing upon the methodology of realist synthesis, it addresses the question “What works for whom and in what contexts and why?” to help illuminate real-world issues that people have faced.
Results

Thirty-one themes were distilled highlighting lessons learned from things that went well compared with those that did not; challenges compared with the celebrations and outcomes; learning and insights gained; impact on role; and system headlines. Four tentative theories of system transformation are presented to highlight support mechanisms that are needed to enable front line teams to be effective in further waves of the pandemic, capitalising on system wide learning, patient, resident and staff wellbeing.
Conclusions

This paper presents a unique insight into front line staff experiences of working during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic using realist synthesis methods to distil key themes and tentative theories about what strategies work to enable and empower front line teams to be effective and to support system wide learning and transformation.
Willingness to Receive Future Covid-19 Vaccines Following the Covid-19 Epidemic In Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhou Yehong , Zhang Junjie , Wu Wenwen , Liang Man , Wu Qiangsong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

There are no pharmacological interventions currently available to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or to treat COVID-19. The development of vaccines against COVID-19 is essential to contain the pandemic. we conducted a cross-sectional survey of Shanghai residents to understand residents' willingness to be vaccinated with any future COVID-19 vaccines and take measures to further improve vaccination coverage.
Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey using self-administered anonymous questionnaires from 1 July to 8 September 2020. The main outcome was willingness of participants, and any children or older individuals living with them, to receive future COVID-19 vaccines. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore potential factors associated with vaccination willingness.
Results

A total of 1,071 participants were asked about their willingness to receive future COVID-19 vaccines, for themselves and at least 747 children and 375 older individuals (≥ 60 years old) living with them. The highest proportion of willingness to vaccinate was among adults (88.9%), followed by children (85.3%) and older individuals (84.0%). The main reasons for reluctance to vaccinate among 119 participants were doubts regarding vaccine safety (60.0%) and efficacy (28.8%). Participants with a self-reported history of influenza vaccination were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccines for themselves [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–2.82], their children (adjusted OR = 2.08; 95%CI: 1.30–3.33), and older individuals in their household (adjusted OR = 2.12; 95%CI: 1.14–3.99). Participants with older individuals in their families were less willing to vaccinate themselves (adjusted OR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.40–0.87) and their children (adjusted OR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.38–0.89).
Conclusions

Participants were more reluctant to accept COVID-19 vaccines for older individuals living with them. The presence of older individuals in the home also affected willingness of participants and their children to be vaccinated.