bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variables Must be Limited to a Single Feature
Authors: Prickett Brandon 
Published: May 2020

In this paper, I show that applying variables in the unconstrainted way that Halle (1962) first proposed causes the representation of certain phonotactic patterns to be simplified. I go on to show that this simplification prohibits an otherwise standard MaxEnt model from being biased in ways that reflect human behavior. As a solution, I propose limiting variables to occurring in the same feature across different segments. This not only prevents the pathological predictions for learnability, but it also makes variables represent more modern theories of assimilation and dissimilation like autosegmental spreading (Goldsmith, 1976) and surface correspondence constraints (Rose & Walker, 2004).
Cumulative constraint interaction and the equalizer of OT and HG
Authors: Mai Anna , Bakovic Eric 
Published: May 2020

We show that, in general, Optimality Theory (OT) grammars containing a restricted family of locally-conjoined constraints (Smolensky 2006) make the same typological predictions as corresponding Harmonic Grammar (HG) grammars. We provide an intuition for the generalization using a simple constrast and neutralization typology, as well as a formal proof. This demonstration adds structure to claims about the (non)equivalence of HG and OT with local conjunction (Legendre et al. 2006, Pater 2016) and provides a tool for understanding how different sets of constraints lead to the same typological predictions in HG and OT.
Representation and the Computation of Long Distance Tone Processes
Authors: Mamadou Tajudeen , Jardine Adam 
Published: May 2020

This paper shows how enhancing the representation, while fixing the logical power of computation, provides a better characterization of the computationally complex tone processes, the unbounded circumembient (UC) processes noted in Jardine (2016). Using Autosegmental Representations, we define tone-TBU associations as quantifier-free least fixed point transductions, which allow us to extend the notion of subsequentiality to the otherwise non subsequential UC processes.
Modeling Vowel Quantity Scales in Q Theory
Authors: Garvin Karee , Lapierre Myriam , Schwarz Martha , Inkelas Sharon 
Published: May 2020

A growing body of research suggests that vowels vary in degree of strength. These strength differences are borne out in the degree to which these segments undergo or trigger phonological processes such as stress assignment or harmony. Traditionally, this variability has been accounted for through binary differences in phonological representations, such as presence or absence of a segment in the underlying representation, presence or absence of a phonological feature, and moraicity or non-moraicity of the relevant segment. While distinctions in underlying status and moraic structure are an effective tool for capturing some of the observed differences in vowel strength, they do not capture all attested differences. In this paper, we offer evidence supporting a four-point strength scale to which faithfulness and markedness constraints can refer. This model allows for strength differences among underlying and inserted vowels, and within monomoraic and bimoraic vowels as well, subject to scalar implications. We argue that Q-Theoretic representations offer the necessary representational tool to capture the full range of vowel strength.
Phantom structure: A representational account of floating tone association
Authors: Rolle Nicholas , Lionnet Florian 
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on the association of floating tones. One type we call "phonological association", where the tone-bearing unit (TBU) the floating tone associates to is determined by the phonological grammar, e.g. to a default position like a stressed syllable or domain edge. We contrast this with another type we call "targeted association", whereby the floating tone targets a numerical position , e.g. a floating H associates to the fourth TBU of the stem. Targeted association is idiosyncratic to the sponsoring morpheme, and does not necessarily target a default position. Such data have been taken as evidence for counting in grammar. Instead, we propose a novel representation we call "phantom structure", without counting. Phantom structure formalizes the observation that certain morphemes require structure to be present in order for their floating tone to be realized, but cannot provide this structure themselves. Under the targeted association type, the floating tone is pre-associated to a specific position in the phantom structure. We show that a simple grammar with two partially overlapping correspondence relations - substantive input and output structure (SubO-CORR) and phantom and output structure (PhO-CORR) - derives the association of the floating tone to the equivalent numerical position in the output as in the phantom plane input.
Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Koneksi Politik dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Potensi Tax Avoidance
Authors: Sari Kartika , Somoprawiro Rawidjo Mulyo 
Published: May 2020

This study aims to analyze and obtain empirical evidence of Corporate Governance, Political Connection and Profitability to Tax avoidance. Independent variabels are proxied by Corporate Governance, Political Connection and Profitability, the dependent variable is proxied by Tax avoidance and control variables are proxied by Firm Size and Firm Age. The sample used in this study is secondary data derivied from the financial statements of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2018. Sample were taken by purposive sampling method and met the sample selection criteria. The sample used was 48 companies. Data is processed with Eviews Version 9 software and using the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method. The results show that Political Connections do not have an influence on Tax Avoidance, Corporate Governance that is proxied by Audit Quality does not have an effect on Tax Avoidance, while Corporate Governance which is proxied by the Audit Committee and Independent Board of Commissioners has a positive effect on Tax Avoidance. Profitability has negative effect to Tax avoidance.
A Study on the Discontinuation Management of Parts in the Weapon System
Authors: Song WangKeun , Choi YongHoon 
Published: May 2020

Although the performance of the weapon system is becoming more advanced and precise with the development of science and technology, the development of such technology can significantly affect the performance of the weapon system by shortening the life cycle of the component. the purpose of this study is to explore solutions for smooth operation and maintenance through examples and establish alternatives.
Among the various weapons systems, the combined weapons system, vessel, is becoming incomparably complex and diverse in structure with the help of the development of electric and electronic technologies. Among them, the combat system is the system that has the greatest impact on the functions of the ship as it is operated in conjunction with various mounting equipment, and so component shutdown control is a representative of the projects that are needed first.
Therefore, in this study, we propose a case-by-case alternative by analyzing the progress of the end-of-life management work through the case of the Jangbogo-III combat system development project, which was the first project to apply the component control program and the Refresh program in Korea, and we propose a process for component discontinuation management during the total life cycle of the entire period for the incomplete information. The analysis results and processes from the examples presented in this study are expected to contribute to increasing reliability and availability as well as budget savings in the acquisition and maintenance stages of weapons systems in the future.
The Moving Body (Le Corps Poétique)
Authors: Lecoq Jacques 
Published: May 2020

‘In life, I want students to be alive and on stage I want them to be artists’ Jacques Lecoq
Jacques Lecoq was one of the most inspirational theatre teachers of our age. In The Moving Body, Lecoq shares with us first-hand his unique philosophy of performance, improvisation, masks, movement and gesture, which together form one of the greatest influences on contemporary theatre.
Neutral mask, character mask and counter masks, bouffons, acrobatics, commedia, clowns and complicity: all the famous Lecoq techniques are covered in this book – techniques that have made their way into the work of former collaborators and students including Dario Fo, Ariane Mnouchkine, Yasmina Reza and Theatre de Complicite.
The book contains a foreword by Simon McBurney and an afterword by Fay Lecoq, Director of the International Theatre School in Paris.
Acrosome Integrity Spermatozoa Test with Addition of Gentamicin and Sweet Orange Essential Oil in Simmental Bull Liquid Semen
Authors: Sitepu Sukma Aditya , Marisa Julia 
Published: May 2020

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the percentage value of spermatozoa acrosome integrity with the addition of gentamicin and sweet orange essential oil on the tris yolk extender on Simmental bull liquid semen.
Methodology: The material that was used in this research included Simmental bull fresh semen, tris yolk extender, gentamicin, and sweet orange essential oil. Tris yolk extender prepares with Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (3.32 g), citric acid (1.86 g), fructose (1.37 g), glycerol (6 ml), egg yolk (20 ml), aqua dest (100 ml). The experimental design used in the study was a nonfactorial Complete Randomized Design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments comprised the addition of sweet orange essential oil at 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% inclusion levels. The parameter observed was the evaluation of the percentage value of acrosome integrity before and after equilibration equilibration.
Results: The results showed that the percentage value of acrosome integrity in spermatozoa linearly increased along with the addition of sweet orange essential oil. The addition of sweet orange essential oil had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on the percentage of spermatozoa acrosome integrity in Simmental bull liquid semen. The percentage of acrosome integrity on the addition of 0% (P0) sweet orange essential oil is 60%, the addition of 0.25% (P1) is 64%,the addition of 0.5% (P2) is 67%, the addition of 0.75% (P3) is 69%, and the addition of 1% (P4) is 73%.
Conclusion: The addition of 1% (P4) sweet orange essential oil can increase the value of acrosome integrity on spermatozoa, which subsequently improve the quality of Simmental bull liquid semen.
Labor induction with vaginal misoprostol and extra‐amniotic prostaglandin F2α gel
Authors: Majoko F , Zwizwai M , Lindmark G , Nyström L 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To compare the effectiveness of vaginally administered misoprostol with extra‐amniotic prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) gel for induction of labor. Method: A randomized controlled trial, with women allocated to receive either misoprostol 50 μg intra‐vaginally or extra‐amniotic PGF2α gel 5 mg, was conducted in Harare Maternity Hospital. A total of 152 women were admitted for induction of labor with a term singleton, pregnancy and cephalic presentation were recruited. The main outcome was duration of induction. Results: There were no differences in the characteristics of women in the two groups at recruitment. In the misoprostol group there was a significantly reduced need for augmentation of labor with oxytocin (OR=0.36; 95% C.I. 0.17–0.73) and delivery by cesarean section for failure to progress (OR=0.11; 95% C.I. 0.00–0.88). The risk for duration of induction to vaginal delivery exceeding 12, 18 or 24 h was reduced by 18%, 38% and 68%, respectively, but only the risk for duration >24 h was significantly reduced (OR=0.32; 95%C.I. 0.11–0.91). The mean duration of induction was shorter in the misoprostol group, 15.2 vs. 23.6 h (P=0.02). There were no differences in fetal outcome. Conclusion: Misoprostol 50 μg was associated with less use of oxytocin in labor, a shorter induction to delivery interval and fewer cesarean sections for failure to progress when compared with extra‐amniotic PGF2α gel.
The midwife and her functions by level of care
Authors: Segovia I 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe role the midwives play in women's healthcare in Chile demonstrates appropriate utilization of human resources according to their capacity to provide services. Historically, the Chilean midwife came into being more than 160 years ago, exclusively as a birth attendant. The midwives' functions have evolved, particularly during the last few decades, following the demographic and epidemiological evolution of the Chilean population and the new paradigm of healthcare addressed to woman throughout her life cycle, not only during pregnancy and childbirth. At the present time, the midwife is the professional that provides the great majority of gynecological and obstetrics care at the primary healthcare level, while also attending most of the deliveries in the public health services. The close link with physicians working as a team, and the emotional ties of the midwife as a provider with the woman as a client, is emphasized as an additional advantage of the presence of the midwife as a key person in women's healthcare.
Interleukin‐1β, but not IL‐1α, mediates nerve growth factor secretion from rat astrocytes via type I IL‐1 receptor
Authors: Jurič Damijana M. , Čarman‐Kržan Marija 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn astrocytes, nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis and secretion is stimulated by the cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). In the present study, the role of IL‐1 receptor binding sites in the regulation of NGF release was evaluated by determining the pharmacological properties of astroglially localized IL‐1 receptors, and, by comparing the effects of both the agonists (IL‐1α and IL‐1β) and the antagonist (IL‐1ra)—members of the IL‐1 family on NGF secretion from rat neonatal cortical astrocytes in primary culture. Using receptor‐binding studies, binding of [125I] IL‐1β to cultured astrocytes was saturable and of high affinity. Mean values for theKDandBmaxwere calculated to be 60.7±7.4 pM and 2.5±0.1 fmol mg‐1protein, respectively. The binding was rapid and readily reversible. IL‐1 receptor agonists IL‐1α (Kiof 341.1 pM) and IL‐1β (Ki59.9 pM), as well as the antagonist IL‐1ra (Ki257.6 pM), displaced specific [125I] IL‐1β binding from cultured astrocytes in a monophasic manner. Anti‐IL‐1RI antibody completely blocked specific [125I] IL‐1β binding while anti‐IL‐1RII antibody had no inhibitory effect. Exposure of cultured astrocytes to IL‐1α and IL‐1β revealed the functional difference between the agonists in influencing NGF release. In contrast to IL‐1β (10 U/ml), which caused a 3‐fold increase in NGF secretion compared to control cells, IL‐1α by itself had no stimulatory action on NGF release. The simultaneous application of IL‐1α and IL‐1β elicited no additive response. IL‐1ra had no effect on basal NGF release but dose‐dependently inhibited the stimulatory response induced by IL‐1β. We concluded that IL‐1β‐induced NGF secretion from cultured rat cortical astrocytes is mediated by functional type I IL‐1 receptors, whereas IL‐1α and IL‐1ra, in spite of their affinity for IL‐1RI, have no effect on NGF secretion from these cells. Type II IL‐1R is not present on rat neonatal cortical astrocytes.
A comparative analysis of the price‐process model of mortgage valuation
Authors: Murphy Austin 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper compares the performance of the price‐process model, which efficiently sets prepayments as a function of call option values, with a traditional interest‐rate‐process model, which sets prepayments as a function of interest rate spreads. The empirical results indicate that the price‐process model is more consistent with GNMA market prices. Tests on more recent data indicate that the price‐process modeling framework has continued to be more accurate in explaining GNMA prices than other mortgage‐pricing models reported in the literature.
The ex ante effects of trade halting rules on informed trading strategies and market liquidity
Authors: Subrahmanyam Avanidhar 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate strategic informed trading in a regime with rule‐based market closures. Closure rules can be designed to reduce the ex ante trading costs of liquidity traders but cause informed traders to scale back their trading in order to reduce the chance of the closure being triggered. In the Stackelberg equilibrium where the informed act as leaders and market makers as followers, this phenomenon causes trading costs for small investors to increase. Thus, ex ante strategic behavior by informed traders in response to closure rules can result in increased trading costs for precisely the individuals whom the closures are intended to benefit: namely, the uninformed retail investors who trade small orders. We show, however, that this effect can be mitigated by randomizing the halting rule and thus reducing the degree of predictability of the halt from the perspective of informed traders.
The influence of diastolic and systolic function on exercise performance in heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy or ischemic heart disease
Authors: Pepi Mauro , Agostoni PierGiuseppe , Marenzi GianCarlo , Doria Elisabetta , Guazzi Marco , Lauri Gianfranco , Maltagliati Anna , Guazzi Maurizio 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Peripheral adaptations and ventricular abnormalities influence physical performance in chronic heart failure. However, the role of the heart in determining exercise capacity has not been completely elucidated.Aims:To define cardiac determinants of exercise capacity in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods:In 101 patients with heart failure (NYHA class II–III) due to primary or ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy we measured peak exercise oxygen consumption (Pvo2), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), left and right atrial and ventricular cavity dimensions, mitral and tricuspid flows. Patients were subdivided in class A (Pvo2>20 ml/min per kg; n=44), class B (Pvo2 16–20 ml/min per kg; n=42) and class C (Pvo2<16 ml/min per kg; n=15).Results:Left ventricular diastolic and systolic dimensions, left atrial diameter, right atrial and ventricular areas were greater in class C than in class B and A; EF was lower in class C than in the other two classes; mitral peak flow velocity at early diastole (PFVE) and the ratio between early and late peak flow velocity (PFVE/PFVA) were higher in class C; mitral and tricuspid deceleration time (DT) in class B and A significantly exceeded those in class C. Peak vo2 was correlated with left and right ventricular dimensions, left atrial diameter, EF, mitral PFVE and PFVE/PFVA, mitral and tricuspid DT. Left ventricular EF, DT of the mitral valve and left ventricular diastolic diameter were independent predictors of peak vo2 at multivariate analysis.Conclusions:In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy Pvo2 is related to left and right ventricular dimensions, left and right ventricular filling pattern and EF. Both systolic and diastolic dysfunction influence functional capacity.
Pore structure and VOCs adsorption characteristics of activated coke powders derived via one‐step rapid pyrolysis activation method
Authors: Fu Jiapeng , Jin Chunjiang , Zhang Jingru , Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Tao , Cheng Xingxing , Ma Chunyuan , Chen Huimin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThree kinds of activated coke powders (ACPs) were prepared from different coal by a one‐step rapid pyrolysis activation method. Detailed pore structure and surface characteristics of the ACPs were characterized by BET specific surface area test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Adsorption capacity of ethyl acetate, benzene, and p‐xylene onto the ACPs was tested. Results demonstrated that the ACPs had well‐developed pore structures, with considerable specific surface area and pore volume. Volatile contents in the feed coal had promotion effect on the fast formation and development of the pore structure. Shengli lignite (SLC) showed the largest specific surface area and pore volume, which reached 351.07 m2/g and 0.1698 m3/g, separately. Surfaces of ACPs were rich of functional groups as carboxyl, lactone, phenolic hydroxyl (or ether), and carbonyl, the types of which kept relatively constant regardless of the change of the feed coal. ACPs presented good VOCs adsorption performance. With the most micropore structures, SLC sample presented the best adsorption capacity for ethyl acetate, benzene, and p‐xylene, which is 222.23, 149.87, and 217.63 mg/g, respectively. All ACPs presented preferential VOC adsorption order of ethyl acetate > p‐xylene > benzene, which suggested that ACPs presented favorable adsorption ability to VOC species of polar and large molecules.
Preconception telomere length as a novel maternal biomarker to assess the risk of spina bifida in the offspring
Authors: Aoulad Fares Damiat , Schalekamp‐Timmermans Sarah , Nawrot Tim S. , Steegers‐Theunissen Régine P. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPericonception interactions between maternal conditions and environmental and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis and prevention of neural tube defects (NTD), such as spina bifida. These factors have in common that they can impair the oxidative pathway, resulting in excessive (chronic) oxidative stress and inflammation.MethodsReview of the literature concerning underlying mechanisms and biomarkers of aging particularly during reproduction. A number of molecular markers for biological aging have been identified, including telomere length (TL). Excessive telomere shortening is an index of senescence, causes genomic instability and is associated with a higher risk of age‐related diseases. Furthermore, TL shortening is associated with the similar environmental and lifestyle exposures associated with NTD risk.ResultsEmbryonic mice deficient in the telomerase gene show shorter TL and failure of closure of the neural tube as the main defect, suggesting that this developmental process is among the most sensitive to telomere loss and chromosomal instability.ConclusionsFrom this background, we hypothesize that preconceptional long term exposure to harmful environmental and lifestyle risk factors accelerates a woman's aging process, which can be measured by TL, and thereby her underlying risk of NTD offspring. Alternatively, it might be that women with an increased NTD risk already exhibit a more advanced biological age before the onset of pregnancy compared to women of identical calendar age.