bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Zr/HfIV‐Oxo Cluster Speciation and Separation
Authors: Roseborough Alexander , Loughran Ryan , Zakharov Lev N. , Colla Christopher A. , Nyman May 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMany industrial separations of chemically‐similar elements are achieved by solvent extraction, exploiting differences in speciation and solubility across aqueous‐organic interfaces. We recently identified [OM4(OH)6(SCN)12]4− (OM4, M=Zr/HfIV) tetrahedral oxoclusters as the main species in industrial processes that produce nuclear‐grade Zr and Hf from crude ore. However, isostructural/isoelectronic OM4‐oxoclusters do not explain selective extraction of Hf into the organic phase. Here we have characterized heterometal Hf−Zr clusters in solution and the solid‐state yielding key information about their fundamentally different chemistry that engenders separation. Clusters prepared with both ammonium (industrial process) and tetramethylammonium counter cations revealed that 1) heterometal clusters (instead of a mixture of homometal clusters) assemble, and 2) Hf‐rich OM4 selectively precipitates over Zr‐rich OM4, providing a separation process that does not require an organic extractant. Mass spectrometry, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, solution‐state 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and solid‐state 17O NMR evidence both mixed‐metal speciation and selective Hf‐precipitation. Raman spectroscopy suggests greater Zr‐ligand lability than Hf‐ligand lability, consistent with higher aqueous solubility of Zr‐rich clusters, enabling both extraction and precipitation‐based separation. Fundamentally, we also identify a key difference between these chemically similar elements that has enabled diversification of Zr‐polyoxocation chemistry over the last decade, while Hf‐polyoxocation chemistry lags.
Cu(I) Halide Complex Featuring Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Aggregate Induced Emission for Efficient X‐ray Scintillation and Imaging
Authors: Jiang Jiaxin , Zhao Yunfang , Li Zhijia , Ye Yangxingyu , Wu Zhiyuan , Jiang Feilong , Chen Lian , Hong Maochun 
Published: February 2025

Developing solution‐processable and stable scintillators with high light yields, low detection limits and high imaging resolutions holds great significance for flexible X‑ray imaging. However, attaining an optimal equilibrium among X‐ray absorption capacity, exciton utilization efficiency, and decay lifetime of scintillators remains a substantial challenge. Here, a new Cu(I) halide complex was synthesized in a mild condition. It exhibits intense blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), remarkable aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristic, as well as good water‐oxygen stability and photochemical stability. Notably, the complex shows excellent radiation resistance and efficient radioluminescence (RL) with an ultra‐low detection limit of 42.5 nGyairs‐1. This superior scintillation performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of effective X‐ray absorption by the heavy Cu2I2 core, the high radiation‐induced exciton utilization rate in TADF process, and the remarkable suppression of non‐radiative transitions by the restriction of intramolecular motions in solid state. Furthermore, the favourable solution processability of the complex facilitates the successful fabrication of a flexible film, achieving high‐quality X‐ray imaging with a resolution of 17.3 lp mm‐1. This work highlights the potential of hybrid Cu(I) halides with AIE‐TADF effects for high‐energy radiation detection and imaging, opening up new avenues for the exploration of cost‐effective and high‐performance scintillators.
Zinc(II)‐Enhanced Excimer Probe for Recognition of MDMB‐CA Synthetic Cannabinoids
Authors: Wang Yihang , Dong Jiahao , Liu Yuan , Liang Longlong , Du Yuwan , Dou Xincun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpecific recognition with optical responses towards the analytes which are structurally diverse and weak chemical‐active remains a big challenge but is of great significance. Here, a zinc(II) enhanced fluorescent emission probe was developed by conjugated modulating and metal bridging to specifically recognize synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). The transformed luminescence mechanism from excimer emission to fluorescence resonance energy transfer was demonstrated upon the integration of coordination and non‐covalent interactions towards target SCs. As a result, the specific and instant detection of the certain type SCs (MDMB‐CA series) was achieved in complicated sample medium. Hence, we envisage that this work would not only offer a novel recognition strategy for SCs, but also advance the development of the optical sensing probe especially for analyzing the substances with diverse structures and weak chemical‐activity, as well as for fighting against the illicit drugs.
Direct Photopatterning of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks via Photoinduced Fluorination
Authors: Tian Xiaoli , Li Wenjun , Li Fu , Cai Mingfeng , Si Yilong , Tang Hao , Li Haifang , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPrecise and effective patterning strategies are essential for integrating metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into microelectronics, photonics, sensors, and other solid‐state devices. Direct lithography of MOFs with light and other irradiation sources has emerged as a promising patterning strategy. However, existing direct lithography methods often rely on the irradiation‐induced amorphization of the MOFs structures and the breaking of strong covalent bonds in their organic linkers. High‐energy sources (such as X‐rays or electron beams) and large irradiation doses – conditions unfavorable for scalable patterning – are thus required. Here, we report a photoinduced fluorination chemistry for patterning various zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) under mild UV irradiation. Using UV doses as low as 10 mJ cm−2, light‐sensitive fluorine‐containing molecules covalently bond to ZIFs and enhance their stability in water. This creates a water‐stability contrast between ZIFs in exposed and unexposed regions, enabling scalable direct photolithography of ZIFs with high resolution (2 μm) on 4‐inch wafers and flexible substrates. The patterned ZIFs preserve their original crystallinity and porous properties while gaining increased hydrophobicity. This allows for the demonstration of a water‐responsive fluorescent MOFs array with implications in sensing and multicolor information encryption.
Who is teaching anatomy? An examination of the demographic characteristics, academic backgrounds, and professional responsibilities of US anatomy teachers
Authors: Hall Tyler R. , Mosley Claudia F. , Vakil Joanne B. , Lambert Carson K. , Savelli Dustin M. , Balta Joy Y. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGiven the demand for anatomy instruction, it is imperative to understand the current cohort of anatomy teachers. This study aimed to delineate the demographic characteristics, academic backgrounds, and professional responsibilities of United States (U.S.) anatomy teachers. A survey was sent to teachers who were identified by their professional membership profiles. Results from 654 responses indicated that 45% of respondents identified as female and 67% identified as white. Most (68%) respondents had an academic doctoral degree. On average, respondents had completed graduate coursework in approximately half of the traditional anatomical sciences subdisciplines. However, approximately 40% of respondents with graduate/professional teaching responsibilities lacked graduate coursework in histology, neuroanatomy, and/or embryology, while approximately 70% of respondents without graduate/professional teaching responsibilities lacked similar coursework. Survey participants reported an assigned time effort of 58% teaching, 16% research, 10% service, and 10% administration and a perceived time effort of 56% teaching, 13% research, 10% service, and 12% administration. Perceived and assigned time efforts were significantly different (p ≤ 0.04) for administrative, research, and teaching responsibilities. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.03) also existed amongst participants regarding assigned administrative and teaching time effort and perceived administrative, service, and teaching time effort. Given these findings, we are concerned about protected research time for and the subdiscipline education of anatomy teachers. As such, we provide potential solutions for increasing protected research time and pursuing additional subdiscipline education. We also speculate about the potential impact of the now decades‐long anatomy educator shortage on anatomy teacher responsibilities.
What does it mean? Translating anatomical language to engage public audiences
Authors: Sanders Kat A. , Taylor Adam M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe language of anatomy, with its roots in Ancient Greek and Roman languages, is complex and unfamiliar to many. Its complexity creates a significant barrier to public knowledge and understanding of anatomy—many members of the public find themselves asking “what does it mean?”, and this can manifest as poor health literacy and outcomes. To address this, anatomists who interact with the public should be able to translate anatomical language and support the development of individuals' foundational understanding of why structures are named the way they are. In this review, language is categorized by themes that inform the naming of anatomical structures, such as function, location, and appearance, and paired with pedagogical approaches informed by education and public engagement research to underpin effective communication that demystifies the language of anatomy for public audiences. Drawing on pre‐existing sometimes unrelated knowledge, gamification and quizzes can make language more accessible and recognizable. Humorous etymological insights into the origins of anatomical terms can build rapport between anatomist and public audience and normalize discussions about sensitive topics, such as genitalia, in an inclusive manner. Finally, eponyms, while contentious due to their lack of diversity and ethical concerns, can serve as narrative subjects to start discussions that address anatomy's relevance to wider socio‐political and bioethical discourse. Ultimately, by deploying established science communication tools when translating anatomical language, anatomists can deliver effective public engagement that cultivates ongoing curiosity in anatomy, its language, and more broadly health.
A Jacobian‐based frequency‐sweeping approach for constructing stability crossing curves of systems with two delays
Authors: Cai Tiao‐Yang , Hwang Chyi , Wang Tzu‐Chi , Lu Li‐Shin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel Jacobian‐based frequency‐sweeping approach for constructing a stability map on a delay plane for linear time‐invariant (LTI) systems with two delays. It is demonstrated that by imposing a zero Jacobian condition on the Rekasius‐transformed polynomial equations defining the stability crossing curves (SCCs), the set of stability crossing frequencies (SCFs) can be determined exactly and exhaustively. Compared to existing frameworks that use a discrimination criterion to identify the upper bound of SCFs, our proposed framework offers the following three merits: (i) it establishes a direct link between the zero Jacobian criterion and the end points of the SCF intervals; (ii) it reveals the invariance property of the curve‐wise crossing direction for each SCC; (iii) it provides a simple Jacobian calculation to determine the root crossing directions relative to the imaginary axis. These merits significantly enhance the cluster treatment of the characteristic root (CTCR) paradigm for investigating stability robustness against delay uncertainties. A computational procedure is provided for the implementation of the proposed framework. Additionally, the role of Jacobian in constructing stability crossing curves is demonstrated through two examples.
Exposure to pseudoephedrine during pregnancy and major congenital malformations: Findings from a large population‐based cohort of pregnancies
Authors: Dor Saar , Michael Tal , Levi Yael , Pariente Gali , Lunenfeld Eitan , Levy Amalia , Birenstock‐Cohen Shira , Daniel Sharon 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to assess the risk of major congenital malformations following first‐trimester pseudoephedrine (PSE) exposure.MethodsA population‐based observational cohort study was conducted on pregnancies of women aged 15–49 years, insured by Clalit Health Services in southern Israel, who gave birth or had elective pregnancy terminations due to suspected fetal malformation at Soroka Medical Center (1999–2017). The study focused on Clarinase, a drug that contains a high dose of PSE (120 mg) and 5 mg of loratadine. Multivariable negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate the risk for major congenital malformations, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOf 251 543 pregnancies, 313 (0.12%) were exposed to high‐dose PSE in the first trimester. PSE exposure was not associated with major congenital malformations overall (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.558–1.45; P = 0.66) or by organ system (cardiovascular: aRR = 0.938, 95% CI 0.499–1.762; central nervous system: aRR = 0.618, 95% CI 0.086–4.451; musculoskeletal: aRR = 1.800, 95% CI 0.801–4.042; gastrointestinal: aRR = 1.013, 95% CI 0.142–7.241; genitourinary: aRR = 0.704, 95% CI 0.225–2.204).ConclusionsFirst‐trimester PSE exposure was not an independent risk factor for major congenital malformations, either overall or by organ system.
Solanidine‐derived CYP2D6 phenotyping elucidates phenoconversion in multimedicated geriatric patients
Authors: Sarömba Jens Andreas , Müller Julian Peter , Tupiec Jolanta , Roeth Anjali , Kurt Berkan , Kahles Florian , Laurentius Thea , Bollheimer Cornelius , Stingl Julia C. , Just Katja S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsPhenoconversion, a genotype‐phenotype mismatch, challenges a successful implementation of personalized medicine. The aim of this study was to detect and determine phenoconversion using the solanidine metabolites 3,4‐seco‐solanidine‐3,4‐dioic acid (SSDA) and 4‐OH‐solanidine as diet‐derived cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) biomarkers in a geriatric, multimorbid cohort with high levels of polypharmacy.MethodsBlood samples and data of geriatric, multimedicated patients were collected during physician counsel (CT: NCT05247814). Solanidine and its metabolites were determined via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and used for CYP2D6 phenotyping. CYP2D6 genotyping was performed and activity scores (AS) were assigned. Complete medication intake was assessed. A shift of the AS predicted via genotyping as measured by phenotyping was calculated.ResultsSolanidine and its metabolites were measured in 88 patients with complete documentation of drug use. Patients had a median age of 83 years (interquartile range [IQR] 77‐87) and the majority (70.5%, n = 62) were female. Patients took a median of 15 (IQR 12‐17) medications. The SSDA/solanidine metabolic ratio correlated significantly with the genotyping‐derived AS (P < .001) and clearly detected poor metabolizers. In the model adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index and estimated glomerular filtration rate each additional CYP2D6 substrate/inhibitor significantly lowered the expected AS by 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.85‐0.21) points in patients encoding functional CYP2D6 variants (R2 = 0.242).ConclusionsPhenotyping of CYP2D6 activity by measurement of diet‐derived biomarkers elucidates phenoconversion in geriatric patients. These results might serve as a prerequisite for the validation and establishment of a bedside method to measure CYP2D6 activity in multimorbid patients for successful application of personalized drug prescribing.
Effect of Surface Properties of Chitosan‐Based Nanoparticles in the Skin‐Diffusion Rate
Authors: Ramírez Luciana , Corral David , Betanzo Itandehui , Rodarte Deyanira , Chauhan Kanchan , Vazquez‐Duhalt Rafael 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSkin diseases may cause rash, inflammation, itchiness, and other important skin changes, including dysplasia. Some skin conditions may be due to genetic and lifestyle factors and immune‐mediated factors. The current skin disease treatment can include oral medication, topical cream, or ointments. Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the drug delivery systems, increasing the time life of active therapeutic compounds and improving the treatment efficiency. This work hypothesizes that varying the surface properties of chitosan nanoparticles (Ch‐NPs) can modulate their diffusion through dermal tissue. Thus, Ch‐NPs were synthesized, and their surface was modified with polyethylene glycol, oxalic acid, and linoleic acid for transdermal therapy. The different Ch‐NPs were labeled with a fluorophore, and the dermal diffusion was measured on human skin by histological preparations and fluorescent microscopy. The surface properties of nanoparticles were shown to play an essential role in skin diffusion rate. Surface modification with a lipophilic moiety such as linoleic fatty acid showed a diffusion rate of 7.23 mm2/h in human full‐thickness abdominal flap, which is 2.7 times faster nanoparticle diffusion through dermal tissue when compared with the unmodified Ch‐NPs (2.92 mm2/h). The positive (zeta potential +27.5 mV) or negative (zeta potential −2.2 mV) surface charge does not affect the chitosan nanoparticle diffusion. Polyethylene glycol surface modification slightly improved the nanoparticle diffusion rate (3.63 mm2/h). Thus, modulating the nanoparticle surface properties can control the skin diffusion rate. The implications of this finding on dermic drug delivery are discussed.
Derivation of an Upscaled Model for Xylitol Production With Immobilized Microorganisms
Authors: Zenteno‐Catemaxca Rolando , Hernandez‐Rodriguez Roel , Morales‐Zárate Epifanio , Hernandez‐Martinez Eliseo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTXylitol, a polyalcohol with anticariogenic properties, finds broad applications in different sectors. Research into new production methods has highlighted the biochemical route using immobilized microorganisms. However, challenges remain in optimizing operating conditions and understanding mass transport and biochemical reactions. Different macroscopic models have been proposed to address these challenges. Nevertheless, those models do not consider porous particles' microstructure and biofilms' formation within them, which can determine the macroscopic performance of the process due to its hierarchical nature. In this work, we derive two macroscopic models for the mass transport and reaction of the xylitol production process with immobilized microorganisms in porous particles. Such models are derived from microscopic ones using the volume averaging method, resulting in both two‐equation and one‐equation models, written in terms of effective medium coefficients. These latter are predicted by solving ancillary problems in representative 2D unit cells of the immobilization particles, incorporating their microstructural information. Besides, kinetic parameters are estimated through kinetic fitting using experimental data from the literature. Models' accuracy is assessed by comparing them with pore‐scale simulations and experimental observations of xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse at the laboratory scale, finding good agreement. Finally, our results are compared with a macroscopic model reported in the literature, and similar predictions are found. However, unlike the reported model, the one derived here improves the modeling of the process since the effective coefficients do not need to be calculated using empirical correlations or estimators.
Complex Role of Circulating Triglycerides in Breast Cancer Onset and Survival: Insights From Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhang Wu , Li Zhiru , Huang Yuquan , Zhao Jing , Guo Shaowei , Wang Qian , Guo Sihan , Li Qingxia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundReducing the incidence of breast cancer and improving its prognosis have become significant challenges for the global public health sector. We aimed to investigate the role of circulating triglycerides in the occurrence and survival of patients with breast cancer, while focusing on the possible differential effects by molecular subtypes of breast cancer.MethodsWe used a Mendelian randomization approach to analyze publicly accessible genome‐wide association study data, including triglyceride levels, breast cancer risk, and survival prognosis. We performed a two‐sample causality inference analysis using the inverse‐variance weighted method. We used both Mendelian randomization–Egger regression and weighted median methods for model verification. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q test, and sensitivity analyses were performed using the leave‐one‐out method, Mendelian randomization–Egger intercept test, and Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test.ResultsThe results revealed a negative causal relationship between triglyceride levels and overall breast cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] = 0.94, confidence interval [CI] = 0.89–0.99, p = 0.011), luminal A breast cancer risk (OR = 0.93, CI = 0.87–0.99, p = 0.014), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐enriched breast cancer risk (OR = 0.84, CI = 0.73–0.96, p = 0.010). However, no statistically significant correlations were observed for the luminal B, luminal B HER2‐negative, and triple‐negative subtypes. Furthermore, triglyceride levels showed a positive causal relationship with the risk of survival prognosis in patients with estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancer (OR = 1.33, CI = 1.00–1.76, p = 0.047). However, no statistically significant impact was observed on the survival of patients with overall breast cancer or patients with estrogen receptor‐positive, HER2‐positive, and HER2‐negative breast cancer.ConclusionsThe potentially complex role of circulating triglycerides in the incidence and survival of patients with breast cancer provides a new perspective on the heterogeneity of the effects of triglycerides on breast cancer, thereby promoting the development of precise medical strategies. Moreover, our findings contribute to an increased understanding of overall health among patients and clinicians alike.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Metformin‐Phenolic Acid Conjugates
Authors: Banerjee Biswajit , Sharma Tripti , Banerjee Sabyasachi , Banerjee Subhasis , Mondal Arijit 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe leading cause of death worldwide is cancer. Several studies suggest phenolic acids and metformin as potential cancer treatment options because of their biological and therapeutic properties. So, we synthesized some novel metformin‐phenolic acid conjugates. We used an acid‐base neutralization method to extract the metformin‐free base. N,N'‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide‐4‐dimethylaminopyridine coupling of phenolic/aromatic acids (benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, para‐hydroxybenzoic acid, para coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, and vanillic acid) with metformin was performed to produce metformin phenolic acid conjugates (M1–M10). We evaluated the structures using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier‐transform infrared, and mass spectroscopy. All newly synthesized metformin phenolic acid conjugates were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity. Metformin phenolic acid conjugates were synthesized and showed a range of inhibitory effects. The metformin‐caffeic acid conjugate [(E)‐3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐N‐(N,N‐dimethylcarbamimidoyl)carbamimidoyl)acrylamide] (M3) (IC50: 5.47 ± 2.72 and 4.42 ± 2.15 µg/mL) showed the best anticancer activity against MDA‐MB‐468 and A549 cancer cell lines.