bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Drain Losses – A Case Study of Serbia
Authors: Radonjić Ognjen , Bobić Mirjana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe focus of this paper is on an attempt to quantify economic losses due to ongoing and vast brain drain emigration from Serbia. We claim that socio‐economic losses in terms of implicit and explicit costs related to upbringing and education of emigrants as well as lost production are paramount. Therefore, the main argument is in line with pessimistic stances on migration and its effect on Serbian development. Massive emigration, especially of educated individuals, results in a great number of incalculable deficits for the country, which cannot be expressed and measured in monetary terms only. The authors argue that these are even more striking when viewed from a holistic perspective factoring in demographic, social, political, cultural and intellectual impacts. It is also shown how emigration of the highly educated greatly undermines local democracy and social cohesion in Serbia. Nevertheless, the authors also take note of contemporary transnational perspectives on migration and development and present possible policies aimed at exploiting advantages of human capital and social networks of migrants and diaspora, circular mobility and returns.
Holistic Mission in a Wounded World
Authors: Kääriäinen Jukka A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHolistic mission, while widely used as a helpful articulation of the missio Dei, contains within itself a dilemma: if everything is mission, then nothing is mission (Anglican Bishop Stephen Neill). In its adoption of development studies language and practice of diakonia and development, contemporary holistic mission runs the ironic risk of not being holistic enough. To the extent that holistic mission “flattens” a holistic view of the scriptural, narrative arc of salvation into an immanent dimension, to the extent that it focuses on human injustice and structural manifestations of evil at the expense of personal, cosmic, and spiritual evil, to that extent holistic mission runs the risk of oversimplifying the challenge facing missions and risks offering a Band‐Aid to deep, life‐threatening wounds in a dying world. Miroslav Volf's distinction of primary and secondary, ultimate and penultimate flourishing is helpful in maintaining a clear vision of the whole arc of Christian salvation, including creation, sin, fall, redemption, and final consummation. Martin Luther's pastoral theology of holistic evil is helpful in delineating the breadth of personal, structural, and cosmic evil which Christian mission hopes to address.Missiology has responded to the deep trauma of the 20th century by emphasizing missio ad vulnera, mission to the wounded. In the construction of an adequate mission to the wounds, the interweaving of a spiritual imagination, robust Christology, and theology of holistic evil are needed. Using Luther's insights into holistic evil can serve the construction of a robust missio ad vulnera, a missiology sufficiently rigorous in breadth and depth to face the multifaceted wounds and extensive evil in today's world. Holistic mission desperately needs a holistic vision of evil. Luther will serve as an unexpected, helpful ally in this regard.
The Catholic Church’s Mission with the Marginalized
Authors: Alva Reginald 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Catholic Church’s primary mission is to spread the kingdom of God. In the broader sense, the kingdom of God means the reign of righteousness, justice, and peace. However, widespread social, political, and economic inequity tramples the rights of the weak. The church wields tremendous power and influence in the world. However, at times it has failed miserably to protect the weakest. The various scandals within the church call for thorough introspection and repentance. Church authorities need to alter power structures radically to empower the poor and the marginalized. In this paper, I shall refer to Pope Francis’s Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii gaudium to propose concrete steps the church could take to reach out to the marginalized, heal their wounds, and collaborate with them to spread the kingdom of righteousness, justice, and peace in this world. Apart from Evangelii gaudium, I shall also refer to the documents on the social teachings of the Catholic Church and the views of experts in this field.
Pricing and order quantity of substitutes in two inventory‐related markets
Authors: Rasouli Nadia , Amin‐Naseri Mohammad Reza , Zaccour Georges 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe determine optimal pricing and order quantity of two substitute products in two markets, one of them is seasonal, with a decreasing market potential over time, and the other is nonseasonal. The two markets are sealed, that is, the prices in one market are irrelevant to consumers in the other market. Still, the two markets are linked through inventories and the order quantity policy. In the paper, we develop a nonlinear model, in which seasonal demand depends on time and on both products' prices, while nonseasonal demand is time‐invariant and is the function of both products' prices. Then, we provide an algorithm to compute the optimal solution. An illustrative example is given along with a sensitivity analysis. Among other results, we obtain that dynamic pricing and accounting for substitution effect lead to more profit. Also, when both ordering and holding costs are high, it is beneficial for the firm to order fewer times in large sizes.
The provably good parallel seeding algorithms for the k‐means problem with penalties
Authors: Li Min , Xu Dachuan , Zhang Dongmei , Zhou Huiling 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs a classic NP‐hard problem in machine learning and computational geometry, the k‐means problem aims to partition the given points into k sets to minimize the within‐cluster sum of squares. The k‐means problem with penalties (k‐MPWP), as a generalizing problem of the k‐means problem, allows a point that can be either clustered or penalized with some positive cost. In this paper, we mainly apply the parallel seeding algorithm to the k‐MPWP, and show sufficient analysis to bound the expected solution quality in the case where both the number of iterations and the number of points sampled in each iteration can be given arbitrarily. The approximate guarantee can be obtained as , where is a polynomial function involving the maximal ratio M between the penalties. On one hand, this result can be viewed as a further improvement on the parallel algorithm for k‐MPWP given by Li et al., where the number of iterations depends on other factors. On the other hand, our result also generalizes the one solving the k‐means problem presented by Bachem et al., because k‐MPWP is a variant of the k‐means problem. Moreover, we present a numerical experiment to show the effectiveness of the parallel algorithm for k‐means with penalties.
Optimal seat allocation strategy for e‐sports gaming center
Authors: Kwag Sungil , Lee Woo Jin , Ko Young Dae 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the seat allocation issues for an e‐sports gaming center where people generally visit in groups to play games while eating. According to the data analysis, as the number of customers in a group gets larger, the revenue per person tends to get higher. The data analysis to identify the information, such as revenue and the stay time of customers is conducted, and operations research is applied to derive the optimal seat allocation strategy. Through a numerical experiment with actual data, it is discovered that small groups of customers can also be prioritized in the same way as groups with larger numbers due to the fluctuating revenue generated by each group of customers during every timeslot. Furthermore, the opportunity cost that occurs by blocking customers even if there are available seats to accommodate the larger groups of customers who provide bigger revenue at various timeslots is considered.
They should have known: Hindsight and outcome biases in child abduction cases
Authors: McDermott Christine M. , Miller Monica K. , DeVault Alicia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo cognitive biases might partially account for public support of the ineffective AMBER Alert system. Hindsight bias is a cognitive error in which people with outcome knowledge overestimate the likelihood that this particular outcome would occur; outcome bias is an error made in evaluating the quality of a decision once the outcome is known. Two experiments assessed whether hindsight and outcome bias occur in child abduction scenarios. Study 1 was a pre/posttest experiment that examined whether hindsight bias occurs in situations in which the identity of the abductor (stranger or parent) is manipulated between groups, and all participants are told the child was killed. Study 2, a between‐subjects experiment, examined whether hindsight and outcome biases occur in situations in which no AMBER Alert was issued (because the situation did not meet the legal requirements to issue an Alert), and manipulated the identity of the abductor and the outcome (child safely returned, killed, or not outcome provided). Hindsight and outcome biases occurred in both studies, given the correct set of circumstances. Abductor identity also impacted outcome estimates. Results from the two studies indicate that hindsight and outcome bias occur, but this is dependent on the outcome (child killed, child returned safely, no outcome provided) and the identity of the abductor (stranger, dangerous parent, non‐dangerous parent). Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Lung CSC‐derived exosomal miR‐210‐3p contributes to a pro‐metastatic phenotype in lung cancer by targeting FGFRL1
Authors: Wang Li , He Jun , Hu Haoyue , Tu Li , Sun Zhen , Liu Yanyang , Luo Feng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLung cancer has the highest mortality rate among human cancers, and the majority of deaths can be attributed to metastatic spread. Lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a component of the tumour microenvironment that contributes to this process. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted by all types of cells that mediate cell interactions, including cancer metastasis. Here, we show that lung CSC‐derived exosomes promote the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells, up‐regulate expression levels of N‐cadherin, vimentin, MMP‐9 and MMP‐1, and down‐regulate E‐cadherin expression. Moreover, we verified that these exosomes contribute to a pro‐metastatic phenotype in lung cancer cells via miR‐210‐3p transfer. The results of bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays further indicated that miR‐210‐3p may bind to fibroblast growth factor receptor‐like 1 (FGFRL1); silencing FGFRL1 enhanced the metastatic ability of lung cancer cells, whereas overexpressing FGFRL1 suppressed metastasis. Taken together, our results provide new insights into a potential molecular mechanism whereby lung CSC‐derived exosomal miR‐210‐3p targets FGFRL1 to promote lung cancer metastasis. FGFRL1 may be a promising therapeutic target in lung cancer.
Genome‐Wide Analysis of circular RNAs and validation of hsa_circ_0006719 as a potential novel diagnostic biomarker in congenital scoliosis patients
Authors: Liu Gang , Shen Jianxiong , Chen Chong , Jiao Yang , Li Zheng , Tan Haining , Lin Youxi , Rong Tianhua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCongenital scoliosis (CS) is a form of spinal curvature resulting from anomalous development of vertebrae. Recent studies demonstrated that circRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers of disease diagnosis. Genome‐wide circRNAs expression in seven CS patients and three healthy controls was initially detected. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the potential pathological pathway of CS. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to validate the selected circRNAs in the replication cohort with 32 CS patients and 30 healthy controls. Logistic regression controlling for gender was conducted to compare the expression difference. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value. Twenty‐two differentially expressed circRNAs were filtered from genome‐wide circRNA sequencing. Seven circRNAs were validated by qPCR. Only hsa_circ_0006719 was confirmed to have a higher expression level in the CS group than the healthy control group (P = 0.036). Receiver operating characteristic curve also suggested that hsa_circ_0006719 had significant diagnostic value for CS (AUC = 0.739, P = 0.001). We described the first study of circRNAs in CS and validated hsa_circ_0006719 as a potential novel diagnostic biomarker of CS.
Does graduate human capital production increase local economic development? An instrumental variable approach
Authors: Amendola Adalgiso , Barra Cristian , Zotti Roberto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing a survey on Italian graduates, we investigate whether universities' degree production affects the economic development of the regions where academic institutions are located. To deal with suspected endogeneity between human capital development and economic growth, we employ an instrumental variable approach, using a global lump sum transferred to each university as an instrument for human capital production. Once we control for the regional flow of mobile students and graduates, the findings reveal the beneficial effect of the university system on local economic development through the gain in human capital.
Cumulative innovation, open source, and distance to frontier
Authors: Balletta Luigi , Tesoriere Antonio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe develop a multistage game in which firms do cumulative research and development (R&D) to complete a lengthy process, and we study whether firms patent intermediate results or release them in Open Source. A patent holder obtains a larger reward in the market, but since in equilibrium it forecloses R&D, it remains alone to complete the process and so pays a larger cost than an Open Source firm. We have Open Source equilibria when R&D is highly complementary, R&D costs are large, and firms are sufficiently different and far from the frontier. We identify two market failures, in the forms of free riding and coordination failure, and we discuss public intervention.
Lindavia intermedia (Bacillariophyceae) and Nuisance lake Snow in New Zealand: Chitin Content and Quantitative PCR Methods to Estimate Cell Concentrations and Expression of Chitin Synthase1
Authors: Novis Phil M. , Sales Ruth E. , Gordon Keith , Manning Nathan , Duleba Mónika , Ács Éva , Dressler Mirko , Schallenberg Marc 
Published: May 2020

Lake snow, caused by the freshwater centric diatom Lindavia intermedia, has become problematic in several large, oligotrophic New Zealand lakes over the past decade. Macroaggregates produced by L. intermedia foul fishing lines, intake screens, and water filters, and have a negative impact on recreational values. It was confirmed that the fibers constituting lake snow are composed of chitin, two chitin synthase genes (chs1 and 2) from L. intermedia were characterized, new qPCR‐based tools to quantify the abundance of the species and measure expression of chs2 relative to the reference gene act1 (the product of which has cytoskeletal functions) were developed. The strong heterogeneity and mucilaginous nature of lake snow samples create particular difficulties for calibrations of gene or transcript copy numbers with cell densities and obtaining high yields of mRNA. However, data collected from four lakes during November 2018 and February and May 2019 show that abundance of L. intermedia is always high when lake snow is also abundant, but that a full range of L. intermedia abundance can occur when lake snow is absent, suggesting that chitin production is not obligate in L. intermedia. This result is consistent with the available data for chs2 expression, which suggest higher transcription when lake snow is abundant. Lake snow production by L. intermedia therefore requires an as yet undetermined stimulus independent of cell abundance.
Meeting the WHO hepatitis C virus elimination goal: Review of treatment in paediatrics
Authors: Kim Nathan G. , Kullar Ravina , Khalil Haydar , Saab Sammy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver 3 million paediatric patients globally and ~50 000 in the United States are estimated to be infected with HCV. Eradicating HCV in children helps prevent liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma; reduces extra‐hepatic manifestations of HCV; improves quality of life; and increases survival. The 2019 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases‐Infectious Diseases Society of America (AASLD‐IDSA) guidelines now recommend direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment with an approved regimen for all children and adolescents with HCV infection aged ≥3 years. We conducted a descriptive review of the new DAA treatments for HCV infection in the paediatric population. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) and sofosbuvir with ribavirin (SOF/RBV) are now approved for those ≥3 years old under specific clinical scenarios; sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) is the only pangenotypic agent approved for those ≥6 years or ≥17 kg, and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) is approved for adolescents ≥12 years old or ≥45 kg. These DAA regimens are well‐tolerated and have comparable sustained virologic response rates at 12 weeks post‐treatment compared to those reported in adults (close to 100%). The introduction of DAAs has significantly changed the landscape of HCV treatment in adults and children with HCV infection and has increased confidence that the 2030 World Health Organization elimination goal may be attainable. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal treatment for children with HCV infection, including timing, regimen and duration. Additionally, with the recent paediatric approvals, long‐term safety data are needed.
Functional diets improve survival and physiological response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to amoebic gill disease
Authors: Mullins Julia , Nowak Barbara , Leef Melanie , Røn Øyvind , Eriksen Tommy Berger , McGurk Charles 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAmoebic gill disease (AGD) is a major challenge for the marine salmonid farming industry. This disease is caused by Paramoeba perurans, which is a parasitic amoeba that affects fish growth and survival. The present work aimed at improving Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) diet formulation as a preventive treatment for AGD. Four diets with different quantitative composition of functional ingredients, such as arginine, premixes, plant extracts, nucleotides, beta glucans, and vitamins C and E were tested. In the first trial, fish fed the different diets were exposed to a 74‐day challenge trial with P. perurans, and their survival, feed intake, and growth performance were analyzed together with plasma properties and gill histopathology. Additionally, a second trial was performed where mucus constituents of Atlantic salmon fed the same diets were analyzed from fish that were not exposed to AGD. Results suggest a positive effect of the functional ingredients on Atlantic salmon survival and immune response. Particularly, the inclusion of arginine, microadditives, and vitamins C and E improved survival, with arginine being an important driver of pathogen protection. The protective role of mucus also improved with these functional ingredients in nonchallenged fish, as suggested by its greater viscosity and by the increased levels of lysozymes and polysaccharides. Overall, the present work supports improving diet formulation as a promising approach for the preventive treatment of AGD.
Drought‐induced lacuna formation in the stem causes hydraulic conductance to decline before xylem embolism in Selaginella
Authors: Cardoso Amanda A. , Visel Dominik , Kane Cade N. , Batz Timothy A. , García Sánchez Clara , Kaack Lucian , Lamarque Laurent J. , Wagner Yael , King Andrew , Torres‐Ruiz José M. , Corso Déborah , Burlett Régis , Badel Eric , Cochard Hervé , Delzon Sylvain , Jansen Steven , McAdam Scott A. M. 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Lycophytes are the earliest diverging extant lineage of vascular plants, sister to all other vascular plants. Given that most species are adapted to ever‐wet environments, it has been hypothesized that lycophytes, and by extension the common ancestor of all vascular plants, have few adaptations to drought.

We investigated the responses to drought of key fitness‐related traits such as stomatal regulation, shoot hydraulic conductance (Kshoot) and stem xylem embolism resistance in Selaginella haematodes and S. pulcherrima, both native to tropical understory.

During drought stomata in both species were found to close before declines in Kshoot, with a 50% loss of Kshoot occurring at −1.7 and −2.5 MPa in S. haematodes and S. pulcherrima, respectively. Direct observational methods revealed that the xylem of both species was resistant to embolism formation, with 50% of embolized xylem area occurring at −3.0 and −4.6 MPa in S. haematodes and S. pulcherrima, respectively. X‐ray microcomputed tomography images of stems revealed that the decline in Kshoot occurred with the formation of an air‐filled lacuna, disconnecting the central vascular cylinder from the cortex.

We propose that embolism‐resistant xylem and large capacitance, provided by collapsing inner cortical cells, is essential for Selaginella survival during water deficit.
Diabetes as a potential risk for periodontitis: association studies
Authors: Genco Robert J. , Borgnakke Wenche S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiabetes affects one in 10 adults and periodontal disease affects four in 10 adults in the USA, and they are linked. Individuals with diabetes are more likely to suffer from periodontal disease and periodontal disease affects glycemic control and complications of diabetes. The role of diabetes as a risk factor for periodontal disease and other oral conditions will be discussed in this review. The fact that type 2 diabetes, especially uncontrolled, is a risk factor for periodontal disease has long been recognized. However, the role of type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes in periodontal risk has recently been described. Also, diabetes as a risk factor for tooth loss has more recently been described and the deleterious effects of tooth loss, especially edentulism, in comparing the diets of patients with diabetes is now fully appreciated. From longitudinal studies it is clear that diabetes often precedes periodontitis and, hence, may contribute to the causal pathway of periodontitis. Other oral manifestations of diabetes include increased risk of oral and nonoral (vaginal) fungal infections. In patients with diabetes there is often reduced salivary flow associated with diabetes medications and neuropathy affecting the salivary glands. This may lead to increased caries. Burning mouth, resulting from diabetes neuropathy, and taste impairment may also be seen. It has long been known that there is delayed wound healing in patients with diabetes, especially if uncontrolled. Hence, it is critical to achieve good glycemic control before carrying out surgical procedures or dental implant placement in patients with diabetes.