bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting graphlet decomposition to explain the structure of complex networks: the GHuST framework
Authors: Espejo Rafael , Mestre Guillermo , Postigo Fernando , Lumbreras Sara , Ramos Andres , Huang Tao , Bompard Ettore 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe characterization of topology is crucial in understanding network evolution and behavior. This paper presents an innovative approach, the GHuST framework to describe complex-network topology from graphlet decomposition. This new framework exploits the local information provided by graphlets to give a global explanation of network topology. The GHuST framework is comprised of 12 metrics that analyze how 2- and 3-node graphlets shape the structure of networks. The main strengths of the GHuST framework are enhanced topological description, size independence, and computational simplicity. It allows for straight comparison among different networks disregarding their size. It also reduces the complexity of graphlet counting, since it does not use 4- and 5-node graphlets. The application of the novel framework to a large set of networks shows that it can classify networks of distinct nature based on their topological properties. To ease network classification and enhance the graphical representation of them, we reduce the 12 dimensions to their main principal components. Furthermore, the 12 dimensions are easily interpretable. This enables the connection between complex-network analyses and diverse real applications.
Native T1 mapping for assessment of the perilesional zone in metastases and benign lesions of the liver
Authors: Fahlenkamp Ute Lina , Ziegeler Katharina , Adams Lisa Christine , Böker Sarah Maria , Engel Günther , Makowski Marcus Richard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdjacent to hepatic metastases, liver parenchyma is often histopathologically altered even if its visual appearance on native magnetic resonance (MR) images is blunt. Yet, relaxation properties in MR imaging may show structural changes prior to visual alteration, and therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether T1 relaxation times in the perilesional zone differ between metastases and benign lesions. A total of 113 patients referred for MRI were included prospectively. Images were assessed for metastases, solid benign lesions and cysts, and regions-of-interest were drawn on T1 maps including the focal lesion and a close (inner perilesional zone = IPZ) and a larger perilesional zone (outer perilesional zone = OPZ). Simple ratios between these zones, as well as a gradient ratio between the IPZ and the entire perilesional zone (EPZ) were calculated. Within the collective, 44 patients had lesions of one or two entities. For metastases, the simple ratio between IPZ and OPZ as well as the mean EPZ gradient was significantly higher than for both solid benign lesions and cysts. Lesion size was not a significant covariate. We conclude, that native T1 properties of the perilesional zones differ significantly between malignant and both solid and cystic benign lesions.
Evolution of two bulk-superconducting phases in Sr0.5RE0.5FBiS2 (RE: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) by external hydrostatic pressure effect
Authors: Yamashita Aichi , Jha Rajveer , Goto Yosuke , Miura Akira , Moriyoshi Chikako , Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Kawashima Chizuru , Ishida Kouhei , Takahashi Hiroki , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolycrystalline samples of Sr0.5RE0.5FBiS2 (RE: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm) were synthesized via the solid-state reaction and characterized using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Although all the Sr0.5RE0.5FBiS2 samples exhibited superconductivity at transition temperatures (Tc) within the range of 2.1–2.7 K under ambient pressure, the estimated superconducting volume fraction was small, which indicates non-bulk nature of superconductivity in those samples under ambient pressure. A dramatic increase in shielding fraction, which indicates the emergence of the bulk superconductivity was achieved by applying external hydrostatic pressures. We found that two phases, low-P phases with Tc = 2.5–2.8 K and high-P phases with Tc = 10.0–10.8 K, were induced by the pressure effect for samples with RE = La, Ce, Pr, and Nd. Pressure-Tc phase diagrams indicated that the critical pressure for the emergence of the high-P phase tends to increase with decreasing ionic radius of the doped RE ions, which was explained by the correlation between external and chemical pressure effects. According to the high-pressure X-ray diffraction measurements of Sr0.5La0.5FBiS2, a structural phase transition from tetragonal to monoclinic also occurred at approximately 1.1 GPa. Bulk superconducting phases in Sr0.5RE0.5FBiS2 induced by the external hydrostatic pressure effect are expected to be useful for understanding the effects of both external and chemical pressures to the emergence of bulk superconductivity and pairing mechanisms in BiCh2-based superconductors.
Metabolomic and transcriptomic signatures of prenatal excessive methionine support nature rather than nurture in schizophrenia pathogenesis
Authors: Chen Siwei , Alhassen Wedad , Yoshimura Ryan , De Silva Angele , Abbott Geoffrey W. , Baldi Pierre , Alachkar Amal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe imbalance of prenatal micronutrients may perturb one-carbon (C1) metabolism and increase the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prenatal excessive methionine (MET) produces in mice behavioral phenotypes reminiscent of human schizophrenia. Whether in-utero programming or early life caregiving mediate these effects is, however, unknown. Here, we show that the behavioral deficits of MET are independent of the early life mother-infant interaction. We also show that MET produces in early life profound changes in the brain C1 pathway components as well as glutamate transmission, mitochondrial function, and lipid metabolism. Bioinformatics analysis integrating metabolomics and transcriptomic data reveal dysregulations of glutamate transmission and lipid metabolism, and identify perturbed pathways of methylation and redox reactions. Our transcriptomics Linkage analysis of MET mice and schizophrenia subjects reveals master genes involved in inflammation and myelination. Finally, we identify potential metabolites as early biomarkers for neurodevelopmental defects and suggest therapeutic targets for schizophrenia.
Improving the diversity of captured full-length isoforms using a normalized single-molecule RNA-sequencing method
Authors: Hu Yueming , Shu Xing-Sheng , Yu Jiaxian , Sun Ming-an , Chen Zewei , Liu Xianming , Fang Qiongfang , Zhang Wei , Hui Xinjie , Ying Ying , Fu Li , Lu Desheng , Kumar Rakesh , Wang Yejun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHuman genes form a large variety of isoforms after transcription, encoding distinct transcripts to exert different functions. Single-molecule RNA sequencing facilitates accurate identification of the isoforms by extending nucleotide read length significantly. However, the gene or isoform diversity is lowly represented by the mRNA molecules captured by single-molecule RNA sequencing. Here, we show that a cDNA normalization procedure before the library preparation for PacBio RS II sequencing captures 3.2–6.0 fold more full-length high-quality isoform species for different human samples, as compared to the non-normalized capture procedure. Many lowly expressed, functionally important isoforms can be detected. In addition, normalized PacBio RNA sequencing also resolves more allele-specific haplotype transcripts. Finally, we apply the cDNA normalization based long-read RNA sequencing method to profile the transcriptome of human gastric signet-ring cell carcinomas, identify new cancer-specific transcriptome signatures, and thus, bring out the utility of the improved protocols in gene expression studies.
Host-parasite tissue adhesion by a secreted type of β-1,4-glucanase in the parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum
Authors: Kurotani Ken-ichi , Wakatake Takanori , Ichihashi Yasunori , Okayasu Koji , Sawai Yu , Ogawa Satoshi , Cui Songkui , Suzuki Takamasa , Shirasu Ken , Notaguchi Michitaka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTissue adhesion between plant species occurs both naturally and artificially. Parasitic plants establish intimate relationship with host plants by adhering tissues at roots or stems. Plant grafting, on the other hand, is a widely used technique in agriculture to adhere tissues of two stems. Here we found that the model Orobanchaceae parasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum can be grafted on to interfamily species. To understand molecular basis of tissue adhesion between distant plant species, we conducted comparative transcriptome analyses on both infection and grafting by P. japonicum on Arabidopsis. Despite different organs, we identified the shared gene expression profile, where cell proliferation- and cell wall modification-related genes are up-regulated. Among genes commonly induced in tissue adhesion between distant species, we showed a gene encoding a secreted type of β-1,4-glucanase plays an important role for plant parasitism. Our data provide insights into the molecular commonality between parasitism and grafting in plants.
Simultaneous determination of transient free radicals and reaction kinetics by high-resolution time-resolved dual-comb spectroscopy
Authors: Luo Pei-Ling , Horng Er-Chien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantitative determination of multiple transient species is critical in investigating reaction mechanisms and kinetics under various conditions. Dual-comb spectroscopy, a comb-laser-based multi-heterodyne interferometric technique that enables simultaneous achievement of broadband, high-resolution, and rapid spectral acquisition, opens a new era of time-resolved spectroscopic measurements. Employing an electro-optic dual-comb spectrometer with central wavelength near 3 µm coupled with a Herriott multipass absorption cell, here we demonstrate simultaneous determination of multiple species, including methanol, formaldehyde, HO2 and OH radicals, and investigate the reaction kinetics. In addition to quantitative spectral analyses of high-resolution and tens of microsecond time-resolved spectra recorded upon flash photolysis of precursor mixtures, we determine a rate coefficient of the HO2 + NO reaction by directly detecting both HO2 and OH radicals. Our approach exhibits potential in discovering reactive intermediates and exploring complex reaction mechanisms, especially those of radical-radical reactions.
Mechanisms of drug resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma at different levels
Authors: Du Jiali , Gu Jichun , Li Ji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the mortality of patients with PDAC has not significantly decreased over the last few decades. Novel strategies exhibiting promising effects in preclinical or phase I/II clinical trials are often situated in an embarrassing condition owing to the disappointing results in phase III trials. The efficacy of the current therapeutic regimens is consistently compromised by the mechanisms of drug resistance at different levels, distinctly more intractable than several other solid tumours. In this review, the main mechanisms of drug resistance clinicians and investigators are dealing with during the exploitation and exploration of the anti-tumour effects of drugs in PDAC treatment are summarized. Corresponding measures to overcome these limitations are also discussed.
The DIANOGA simulations of galaxy clusters: characterising star formation in protoclusters
Authors: Bassini L. , Rasia E. , Borgani S. , Granato G. L. , Ragone-Figueroa C. , Biffi V. , Ragagnin A. , Dolag K. , Lin W. , Murante G. , Napolitano N. R. , Taffoni G. , Tornatore L. , Wang Y. 
Published: July 2020

Aims. We studied the star formation rate (SFR) in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy (proto-)clusters in the redshift range 0 <  z <  4, comparing them to recent observational studies; we also investigated the effect of varying the parameters of the star formation model on galaxy properties such as SFR, star-formation efficiency, and gas fraction.
Methods. We analyse a set of zoom-in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations centred on 12 clusters. The simulations are carried out with the GADGET-3 Tree-PM smoothed-particle hydro-dynamics code which includes various subgrid models to treat unresolved baryonic physics, including AGN feedback.
Results. Simulations do not reproduce the high values of SFR observed within protocluster cores, where the values of SFR are underpredicted by a factor ≳4 both at z ∼ 2 and z ∼ 4. The difference arises as simulations are unable to reproduce the observed starburst population and is greater at z ∼ 2 because simulations underpredict the normalisation of the main sequence (MS) of star forming galaxies (i.e. the correlation between stellar mass and SFR) by a factor of ∼3. As the low normalisation of the MS seems to be driven by an underestimated gas fraction, it remains unclear whether numerical simulations miss starburst galaxies due to overly underpredicted gas fractions or overly low star formation efficiencies. Our results are stable against varying several parameters of the star formation subgrid model and do not depend on the details of AGN feedback.
Conclusions. The subgrid model for star formation, introduced to reproduce the self-regulated evolution of quiescent galaxies, is not suitable to describe violent events like high-redshift starbursts. We find that this conclusion holds, independently of the parameter choice for the star formation and AGN models. The increasing number of multi-wavelength high-redshift observations will help to improve the current star formation model, which is needed to fully recover the observed star formation history of galaxy clusters.
Der onkologische Nutzen der pelvinen Lymphadenektomie ist beim Prostatakarzinom nicht geklärt
Authors: Weißbach Lothar , Roloff Christiane 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Review von Fossati 2017 stellt den Wert der pLA im Rahmen der RP in Frage, weil sich aus den vorliegenden Studien kein onkologischer Nutzen ergibt. Nach wie vor ist die Beweislage wegen fehlender Evidenz dürftig. Unsere Feststellung, dass von metastasierten LK keine Streuung bisher nachgewiesen wurde, basiert auf Registerdaten, auf klinischen Studien ohne Nachweis eines pLA-Vorteils und auf Überlegungen zum genetischen Zusammenhang von LK- und Fernmetastasen. Der Verzicht auf die pLA bzw. auf die Bestrahlung eines Beckenfeldes wird durch die verbesserte Bildgebung mit dem 68Ga PSMA-PET-CT zum Nachweis von Metastasen erleichtert. Wenn LK nicht metastasieren, wird das Ergebnis der Bildgebung diagnostisch zur Therapieplanung ausreichen. Somit kann auf die pLA aus diagnostischen Gründen verzichtet werden. Komplikationen wären ausgeschlossen. Um die Frage zu klären, ob die pLA bzw. ein multimodales Behandlungskonzept intermediate- und high risk-Patienten nützen, wird ein RCT notwendig sein, in dem v. a. der nicht vollständig entfernte Primarius als Streuquelle berücksichtigt wird.
COVID-19 aus Sicht der Geriatrie
Authors: Sieber Cornel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus challenges all of us in the many areas of life. Our health systems are tested for their sustainability and load capacity. SARS-CoV-2 virus-infections will become part of our lives, but they mainly threaten vulnerable and multimorbid older adults. Older people with a frailty-syndrome are challenged not only in physical, but also psychological and social domains. Adapted caring structures are required and the pandemic will introduce important ethical discussions. As examples, distribution of limited resources, requests for more Advance Care Planning as well as balancing between infection protection versus the drawbacks of long-lasting social isolation should be named. This article therefore focuses on ethical questions for older adults in times of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic.
Eignung biologischer azellulärer dermaler Matrices als Hautersatz
Authors: Specht Marcin , Kelm Sorge , Mirastschijski Ursula 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungEinleitung Bei Gewebedefekten können epidermale und dermale Anteile der Haut verloren gehen. Häufig ist eine reduzierte Gewebeelastizität, ggf. mit Narbenkontrakturen, die die Gelenkbeweglichkeit einschränken können, die Folge. Artifizielle Kollagenmatrices und humane azelluläre dermale Matrices (ADM) stellen ein neues Verfahren der kutanen Rekonstruktion vor allem in der Verbrennungsmedizin dar.Zielsetzung Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Eignung von ADM als dermalen Ersatz zu untersuchen. Hierbei wurden die zelluläre Migration und Differenzierung sowie die inflammatorische Reaktion auf verschiedene Matrices in einem etablierten Hautorgankulturmodell ex vivo untersucht.Material und Methoden Reste von vitalen, operativ entnommenen Spalthauttransplantaten wurden auf humane ADM (Epiflex), deepidermalisierte humane Dermis (DED) oder artifizielle Kollagen-Elastin Matrix (KEM, Matriderm) transferiert und das epitheliale Resurfacing in einem standardisierten Wundmodell an der Luft-Feuchtigkeitsgrenze untersucht. Um den Einfluss unterschiedlicher dermaler Anteile auf das epitheliale Verhalten zu untersuchen, wurde zudem die Migration auf ADM aus papillären mit retikulären Dermisanteilen verglichen. Die Reepithelialisierung und zelluläre inflammatorische Reaktion wurden histologisch, immunhistochemisch und biochemisch analysiert.Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Die größte epitheliale Ausbreitung und Differenzierung fand auf DED (2,54 mm ± 0,43 mm, Mittelwert ± SEM) im Vergleich zu ADM (1,32 mm ± 0,44 mm, p < 0,09) oder KEM (0,77 mm ± 0,11 mm, p < 0,02) statt, was unter anderem auf promigratorische Basalmembranreste auf DED zurückzuführen ist. Die keratinozytäre Migration war deutlich größer auf papillärer ADM im Vergleich zu retikulärer ADM. Im Gegensatz zu den biologischen Matrices fand sich in der grobporigen KEM nur eine horizontale Durchwanderung des Gewebes. Die Expression proinflammatorischer Mediatoren unterschied sich je nach Hautdonor und Matrix.Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, dass die Struktur und Herkunft der dermalen Matrix von großer Bedeutung für die Reepithelialiserung und inflammatorische zelluläre Reaktion sind.
Das erste Mal: Wie kann ich verhüten?
Authors: Scholz Alenka 
Published: July 2020

SummaryVerhütung bedeutet nicht nur, eine Schwangerschaft zu verhindern, sondern auch Schutz vor sexuell übertragbaren Krankheiten. Speziell für Teenager ist die Patienteninformation konzipiert und als Kopiervorlage verwendbar.
Isolated Scaphoid Dislocation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Amundsen Asgeir , Bishop Sarah N. , Moran Steven L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Isolated scaphoid dislocation is an exceedingly rare event with only 55 cases described. Closed reduction followed by operative intervention with Kirschner's wires (K-wire) fixation and ligamentous reconstruction are the mainstays of treatment.
Case Description We describe a patient with a solitary scaphoid dislocation treated with initial closed reduction and urgent open reduction with K-wire stabilization and ligamentous repair. The patient was immobilized for 6 weeks and on 24-month follow-up, the patient was doing well with no limitations in his daily living, no pain, and acceptable range of motion.
Literature Review A literature review was performed on the 55 cases described in the English language. The majority of the patients were males, aged between 18 and 79 years, and presented with motor vehicle accidents as the most common mechanism. Historically, isolated scaphoid dislocations were treated with closed reduction. However, K-wire fixation and, now, K-wire fixation coupled with ligamentous injury repair remain the current treatments of choice. Avascular necrosis of the scaphoid remains a rare event with only one documented case. Overall, patients do well with only minor pain and limited wrist movements. Notably, only eight cases were associated with type-II lunates. Type-II lunates appear to be protective for carpal injury.
Clinical Relevance Although isolated scaphoid dislocations remain a rare event, understanding the anatomy and the current ability to restore carpal anatomy is important. Type-II lunates appear to confer protection from carpal injuries.
The Palmaris Longus and Its Association with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Boltuch Andrew D. , Marcotte Michael A. , Treat Christopher M. , Marcotte Anthony L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The palmaris tendon inserts into the palmar fascia and is positioned in close association with the transverse carpal ligament. Loading of this tendon has been demonstrated to increase carpal tunnel pressures.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between the palmaris tendon, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and handedness. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for Schaeffer's test were calculated.
Methods A retrospective review of patient charts undergoing endoscopic carpal tunnel release was performed. Rates of palmaris longus agenesis (PLA) were compared to a population matched data set. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-proportion z-test. Schaeffer's test for the palmaris longus tendon was performed on all patients and compared to intraoperative confirmation.
Results A total of 520 carpal tunnel releases were performed in 389 consecutive patients. The frequency of PLA in this surgical cohort was significantly lower compared to the population matched dataset. No correlation between handedness and laterality of CTS or PLA was found. Schaeffer's test was evaluated to yield sensitivity (93.6%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%), and negative predictive value (50.8%).
Conclusion The palmaris tendon was more prevalent in a population of patients undergoing carpal tunnel release. These findings can be used to provide further insight into the pathophysiology of CTS. While Schaeffer's test was accurate in detecting the palmaris longus tendon, a negative test was frequently incorrect. Further imaging is recommended in patients with a negative Schaeffer's test when the palmaris longus is desired for surgical utilization.
Level of Evidence This is a Level III, prognostic study.
Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed long-lasting adverse effects of tamoxifen on neurogenesis in prenatal and adult brains
Authors: Lee Chia-Ming , Zhou Liqiang , Liu Jiping , Shi Jiayu , Geng Yanan , Liu Min , Wang Jiaruo , Su Xinjie , Barad Nicholas , Wang Junbang , Sun Yi Eve , Lin Quan 
Published: July 2020

Significance
The tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible CreER/LoxP system is one of the most widely used genetic tools that have enabled precise gene manipulation in distinct cell subpopulations at any specific time point and labeling of any cell types for genetic fate mapping. We report that administration of TAM during early stages of cortical neurogenesis inhibits neural progenitor cell proliferation and impaired cortical neurogenesis, dendritic morphogenesis, synaptic density, and gliogenesis in postnatal offspring. By employing single-cell RNA sequencing analysis combined with in vivo and in vitro assays, we found TAM could exert these drastic effects through dysregulating the Wnt-Dmrta2 signaling pathway. This study shows that care must be taken when using the TAM-induced CreER/LoxP system for neural lineage tracing and genetic manipulation studies.