bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rich country, poor people
Authors: Pereira Anthony W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
‘Rich country, poor people’ explores the achievements and challenges of the Brazilian economy. Starting its colonial existence as a plantation economy, Brazil is now one of the most successful examples of 20th-century industrialization in the world. It has become an upper middle-income country that is part of the BRICS association of five major emerging economies. However, Brazil is currently caught in a low-growth trap. It is also one of the ten most unequal countries in the world. Thus, the Brazilian economy reflects a paradox: while the well-being of most people in the country has improved over the last three decades, the productive base that sustained that improvement is under threat.
What should I do?
Authors: Craig Edward 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Outside Buddha, Confucius and the writers of some of the Vedas and Upanishads, Plato was one of the first philosophers to leave a substantial body of work. ‘What should I do? Plato’s Crito’ focuses on the Socratic dialogue of the same name, in which Socrates is in prison awaiting execution and debating with his friend Crito about whether to escape. The dialogue covers familiar philosophical questions. What will happen if I take a specific action? What if I don’t? What do we owe the state? What happens if we choose to disobey, and what if everyone else also chose to? The purpose of philosophy is not to simplify complex issues.
What am I?
Authors: Craig Edward 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
‘What am I? An unknown Buddhist on the self: King Milinda’s chariot’ looks at a para-canonical Buddhist text, in which King Milinda questions a monk, Nagasena, who demonstrates the Buddhist concept of anatta, or no-self. The monk refers to ‘Nagasena’ as a designation, not himself. When the king asks what then wears robes, eats food, and creates karma, Nagasena asks the king whether the constituent parts of a chariot form a chariot. The king agrees there is no inherent ‘chariot’ essence that transforms the sum of its parts. Is the chariot argument fully applicable to a person, or is it more useful as an illustration of Buddhist doctrine?
Some themes
Authors: Craig Edward 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
‘Some themes’ looks in more detail at some of the topics explored by Plato, Hume, and the author of ‘Milinda’s Questions’—ethical consequentialism (what happens as a result of someone’s choices), rationalism, integrity, family, the self or no-self, and the role of the state. Could Plato and Hobbes, 2,000 years apart, really be discussing the same thing? Are we right to identify parallels between philosophers from different times and backgrounds? What do we miss when we try to extricate philosophers from their social contexts and motivations? Our understanding of philosophy is cumulative. The challenge is not in becoming familiar with these themes, but in being sensitive to their variations.
Meta-Analysis and Sparse-Data Bias
Authors: Richardson David B , Cole Stephen R , Ross Rachael K , Poole Charles , Chu Haitao , Keil Alexander P 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMeta-analyses are undertaken to combine information from a set of studies, often in settings where some of the individual study-specific estimates are based on relatively small study samples. Finite sample bias may occur when maximum likelihood estimates of associations are obtained by fitting logistic regression models to sparse data sets. Here we show that combining information from small studies by undertaking a meta-analytical summary of logistic regression estimates can propagate such sparse-data bias. In simulations, we illustrate 2 challenges encountered in meta-analyses of logistic regression results in settings of sparse data: 1) bias in the summary meta-analytical result and 2) confidence interval coverage that can worsen rather than improve, in terms of being less than nominal, as the number of studies in the meta-analysis increases.
Creating ‘Deep Knowledge’ and Transformative Change: A Critical Social Work Approach to Researching Formal Kinship Care
Authors: Borenstein Juliette , Frederico Margarita , McNamara Patricia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In a context of rapidly changing social and economic conditions and increasing practice complexity, critical research perspectives can create in-depth explanatory knowledge for social work practice. Drawing on a broader knowledge base, these approaches provide a comprehensive view of social phenomena and the causes of personal and social harm. They also offer a framework to guide ethical intervention based on principles of collaboration, social justice and social transformation. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how critically oriented research can deliver useful and actionable knowledge directly to the field and promote transformative change. The exemplar presented here is a critical participatory study exploring formal kinship care in Victoria, Australia. The research partnered actively with service users and practitioners, with mixed methods utilised and data analysed for content and themes. Findings revealed dissonant assumptions in relation to roles and responsibilities as an underlying cause of care and practice issues. New understandings and practical solutions for the field were generated by exploring study findings with stakeholders. This application of a critical research approach to the field of formal kinship care establishes that the method can provide a coherent, effective and ethical framework for inquiry.
Assessment of the Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis HScore in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Clark Kristina E N , Nevin William D , Mahungu Tabitha , Lachmann Helen , Singh Animesh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The clinical manifestation of moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has parallels to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) both clinically and based on molecular inflammatory response. We found no evidence to support the utility of risk-stratifying COVID-19 patients using risk scoring methodology designed for HLH.
Towards an SI-Traceable Reference Measurement System for Seven Serum Apolipoproteins Using Bottom-Up Quantitative Proteomics: Conceptual Approach Enabled by Cross-Disciplinary/Cross-Sector Collaboration
Authors: Cobbaert Christa M , Althaus Harald , Begcevic Brkovic Ilijana , Ceglarek Uta , Coassin Stefan , Delatour Vincent , Deprez Liesbet , Dikaios Ioannis , Dittrich Julia , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Kostner Gerhard M , Kronenberg Florian , Kuklenyik Zsusanna , Prinzing Urban , Vesper Hubert W , Zegers Ingrid , Ruhaak L Renee ,   for the IFCC Working Group for Standardization of Apolipoproteins by Mass Spectrometry
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Current dyslipidemia management in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is based on traditional serum lipids. Yet, there is some indication from basic research that serum apolipoproteins A-I, (a), B, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E may give better pathophysiological insight into the root causes of dyslipidemia. To facilitate the future adoption of clinical serum apolipoprotein (apo) profiling for precision medicine, strategies for accurate testing should be developed in advance.
Recent discoveries in basic science and translational medicine set the stage for the IFCC Working Group on Apolipoproteins by Mass Spectrometry. Main drivers were the convergence of unmet clinical needs in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with enabling technology and metrology. First, the residual cardiovascular risk after accounting for established risk factors demonstrates that the current lipid panel is too limited to capture the full complexity of lipid metabolism in patients. Second, there is a need for accurate test results in highly polymorphic and atherogenic apolipoproteins such as apo(a). Third, sufficient robustness of mass spectrometry technology allows reproducible protein quantification at the molecular level. Fourth, several calibration hierarchies in the revised ISO 17511:2020 guideline facilitate metrological traceability of test results, the highest achievable standard being traceability to SI.
This article outlines the conceptual approach aimed at achieving a novel, multiplexed Reference Measurement System (RMS) for seven apolipoproteins based on isotope dilution mass spectrometry and peptide-based calibration. This RMS should enable standardization of existing and emerging apolipoprotein assays to SI, within allowable limits of measurement uncertainty, through a sustainable network of Reference Laboratories.
The Genetic Architecture of Emerging Fungicide Resistance in Populations of a Global Wheat Pathogen
Authors: Pereira Danilo , McDonald Bruce A , Croll Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContaining fungal diseases often depends on the application of fungicidal compounds. Fungicides can rapidly lose effectiveness due to the rise of resistant individuals in populations. However, the lack of knowledge about resistance mutations beyond known target genes challenges investigations into pathways to resistance. We used whole-genome sequencing data and association mapping to reveal the multilocus genetic architecture of fungicide resistance in a global panel of 159 isolates of Parastagonospora nodorum, an important fungal pathogen of wheat. We found significant differences in azole resistance among global field populations. The populations evolved distinctive combinations of resistance alleles which can interact when co-occurring in the same genetic background. We identified 34 significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms located in close proximity to genes associated with fungicide resistance in other fungi, including a major facilitator superfamily transporter. Using fungal colony growth rates and melanin production at different temperatures as fitness proxies, we found no evidence that resistance was constrained by genetic trade-offs. Our study demonstrates how genome-wide association studies of a global collection of pathogen strains can recapitulate the emergence of fungicide resistance. The distinct complement of resistance mutations found among populations illustrates how the evolutionary trajectory of fungicide adaptation can be complex and challenging to predict.
Self-Perceptions of Aging and Everyday ICT Engagement: A Test of Reciprocal Associations
Authors: Köttl Hanna , Cohn-Schwartz Ella , Ayalon Liat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesEveryday information and communication technologies (EICTs), involving digital services, such as online shopping, e-banking, and video calling, are perceived to be associated with youth and a modern lifestyle. On the other hand, older adults are often portrayed as technology-alienated, less willing, and incapable of using EICT. The internalization of potentially negative age stereotypes may compromise actual later life engagement and the ability to perform EICT. At the same time, low engagement in EICT may also contribute to negative self-perceptions of aging (SPA), for example, related to physical loss, social loss, and personal competence. This study was, hence, designed to evaluate the temporal reciprocal associations of SPA and older adults’ EICT use.MethodsThe article was based on 2 waves (2014 and 2017) from the German Ageing Survey (DEAS), a nationally representative survey of middle-aged and older individuals aged 40 and older. A cross-lagged model (N = 3,600) was estimated to examine the reciprocal associations of SPA and EICT.ResultsThe lagged effect of SPA on EICT engagement was nonsignificant, whereas the lagged effect of EICT engagement on SPA in the domain personal competence was significant, indicating that greater EICT engagement predicted more positive SPA related to personal competence 3 years later.DiscussionThese findings encourage researchers and policymakers to put further emphasis on the empowerment of older individuals in their EICT engagement. Interventions that promote lifelong learning and age-friendly environments can enhance a more positive aging experience.
Estimation of gravitational curvature through a deterministic approach and spectral combination of space-borne second-order gravitational potential derivatives
Authors: Romeshkani Mohsen , Sharifi Mohammad A , Tsoulis Dimitrios 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY
Second- and third-order gravitational potential derivatives can be employed for the determination of the medium- and high-frequency parts of the Earth's gravity field. Due to the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer mission, second-order derivatives (SOD) in particular, express currently observed functionals of high accuracy and global coverage. Third-order derivatives (TOD), or gravitational curvature data, provide significant gravity field information when applied regionally. The absence of directly observed TOD data underlines the importance of investigating the relationship between SOD and TOD. This paper discusses the combination of simulated SOD in order to obtain TOD at satellite altitude by applying the spectral combination method. For the determination of TOD integral equations are developed that utilize SOD data at satellite altitude, thus extending the well-known Meissl spectral scheme. The performance of the derived mathematical models is investigated numerically for the test area of Himalayas and the Tibet region. Two different TOD computational strategies are examined. First, we define a deterministic approach that recovers TOD data from noise-free simulated SOD data. Results show that retrieved TOD data at satellite level reach an agreement of the level of 1 × 10−17 m−1s−2 when compared with the true TOD data. Secondly, we propose a new mathematical model based on the spectral combination of integral relations and noisy SOD data with Gaussian noise for recovering TOD. Integral estimators of biased and unbiased types are examined in the cases of SOD data at satellite altitude. The used vertical SOD components show differences between the recovered and true vertical TOD components in the order of 1 × 10−17 m−1s−2 in magnitude, proving the vertical–vertical component of SOD as the best for validating purposes.
Macau martyr or Portuguese traitor? The Macanese communities of Macau, Hong Kong and Shanghai and the Portuguese nation
Authors: Chan Catherine S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article rethinks a Luso-Asian community that existing literature has termed ‘Portuguese’ or ‘Macanese’ by exploring the differences between the Macanese communities of Macau, Hong Kong and Shanghai. It examines inter-port debates between 1926 and 1929 that triggered wide discussion in Portuguese and English-language newspapers regarding the political loyalty of the Macanese. Set against the framework of a burgeoning print capitalism and vibrant associational culture in Asia’s port-cities, the article argues that varying urban circumstances and political structures influenced the negotiation of the Macanese between imperial, civic and colonial identities to eventually construct three new imagined communities.
Anti-Amnesic and Neuroprotective Effects of Fluoroethylnormemantine in a Pharmacological Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Couly Simon , Denus Morgane , Bouchet Mélanie , Rubinstenn Gilles , Maurice Tangui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Current therapies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including Memantine, have proven to be only symptomatic but not curative or disease modifying. Fluoroethylnormemantine (FENM) is a structural analogue of Memantine, functionalized with a fluorine group that allowed its use as a positron emission tomography tracer. We here analyzed FENM neuroprotective potential in a pharmacological model of AD compared with Memantine.

Methods
Swiss mice were treated intracerebroventricularly with aggregated Aβ 25–35 peptide and examined after 1 week in a battery of memory tests (spontaneous alternation, passive avoidance, object recognition, place learning in the water-maze, topographic memory in the Hamlet). Toxicity induced in the mouse hippocampus or cortex was analyzed biochemically or morphologically.

Results
Both Memantine and FENM showed symptomatic anti-amnesic effects in Aβ 25-35-treated mice. Interestingly, FENM was not amnesic when tested alone at 10 mg/kg, contrarily to Memantine. Drugs injected once per day prevented Aβ 25-35-induced memory deficits, oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, cytochrome c release), inflammation (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α increases; glial fibrillary acidic protein and Iba1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus and cortex), and apoptosis and cell loss (Bcl-2–associated X/B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio; cell loss in the hippocampus CA1 area). However, FENM effects were more robust than observed with Memantine, with significant attenuations vs the Aβ 25-35-treated group.

Conclusions
FENM therefore appeared as a potent neuroprotective drug in an AD model, with a superior efficacy compared with Memantine and an absence of direct amnesic effect at higher doses. These results open the possibility to use the compound at more relevant dosages than those actually proposed in Memantine treatment for AD.
Dimension of the Exceptional Set in the Aronszajn–Donoghue Theorem for Finite Rank Perturbations
Authors: Liaw Constanze , Treil Sergei , Volberg Alexander 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The classical Aronszajn–Donoghue theorem states that for a rank-one perturbation of a self-adjoint operator (by a cyclic vector) the singular parts of the spectral measures of the original and perturbed operators are mutually singular. As simple direct sum type examples show, this result does not hold for finite rank perturbations. However, the set of exceptional perturbations is pretty small. Namely, for a family of rank $d$ perturbations $A_{\boldsymbol{\alpha }}:= A + {\textbf{B}} {\boldsymbol{\alpha }} {\textbf{B}}^*$, ${\textbf{B}}:{\mathbb C}^d\to{{\mathcal{H}}}$, with ${\operatorname{Ran}}{\textbf{B}}$ being cyclic for $A$, parametrized by $d\times d$ Hermitian matrices ${\boldsymbol{\alpha }}$, the singular parts of the spectral measures of $A$ and $A_{\boldsymbol{\alpha }}$ are mutually singular for all ${\boldsymbol{\alpha }}$ except for a small exceptional set $E$. It was shown earlier by the 1st two authors, see [4], that $E$ is a subset of measure zero of the space $\textbf{H}(d)$ of $d\times d$ Hermitian matrices. In this paper, we show that the set $E$ has small Hausdorff dimension, $\dim E \le \dim \textbf{H}(d)-1 = d^2-1$.
Development and strategic competition in Asia: toward polarization?
Authors: Masujima Ken 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe prioritization of economic development, considered as a key in understanding the co-existence of heightened security situations and growing economic interdependence in Asia, should be considered as a political strategy among many chosen by political elites in their own political context rather than a consensus implying general acquiescence to the idea. The recent competition between the Belt and Road Initiative by China and the Free and Open Indo-Pacific by the United States, Japan, Australia, and India confirms and reinforces the tendency toward the mobilization of development policy for increasingly strategic purposes in the context of rising tension between the United States and China. At the same time, there is some cooperative element in prioritizing development in Asia.
Situating Contributions from Underrepresented Groups and Geographies within the Field of Genocide Studies
Authors: Bachman Jeffrey S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWithin genocide studies, a group of early scholars known as pioneers of the field made crucial contributions to genocide studies, raising the field's visibility and stature prior to its great expansion that began around the turn of the century. While recognizing the significance of the early contributions to the field, it is important that we also recognize their origins—mostly white American, European, and Anglophone men. Though the field has expanded exponentially over the last twenty years, it has not yet been determined whether such expansion has been accompanied by an increase in gender, ethnic and racial, and geographic diversity. Such diversity is essential to the advancement of key definitional, conceptual, and theoretical debates in the field. This paper surveys the field of genocide studies in order to assess the level of contributions coming from underrepresented groups and geographies while situating their contributions within the larger field of study.
Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir regimens for the treatment of COVID-19: an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Simmons Bryony , Wentzel Hannah , Mobarak Sara , Eslami Gholamali , Sadeghi Anahita , Ali Asgari Ali , Abbaspour Kasgari Hamideh , Tirgar Fakheri Hafez , Merat Shahin , Hill Andrew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir has a well-established safety profile and improves clinical outcomes in HCV patients. In silico and in vitro studies suggest that sofosbuvir/daclatasvir may show antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
Three clinical trials comparing sofosbuvir/daclatasvir-based regimens with a comparator in hospitalized COVID-19 patients were combined in a meta-analysis. The primary outcomes measured were clinical recovery within 14 days of randomization, time to clinical recovery and all-cause mortality. A two-step approach was used to analyse individual-level patient data. The individual trial statistics were pooled using the random-effects inverse-variance model.

Results
Our search identified eight studies of which three met the inclusion criteria (n = 176 patients); two studies were randomized and one was non-randomized. Baseline characteristics were similar across treatment arms. Clinical recovery within 14 days of randomization was higher in the sofosbuvir/daclatasvir arms compared with control arms [risk ratio = 1.34 (95% CI = 1.05–1.71), P = 0.020]. Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir improves time to clinical recovery [HR = 2.04 (95% CI = 1.25–3.32), P = 0.004]. The pooled risk of all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the sofosbuvir/daclatasvir arms compared with control arms [risk ratio = 0.31 (95% CI = 0.12–0.78), P = 0.013].

Conclusions
Available evidence suggests that sofosbuvir/daclatasvir improves survival and clinical recovery in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. However, the sample size for analysis was relatively small, one of the trials was not randomized and the designs were not standardized. These results need to be confirmed in larger randomized controlled trials.
Real-world insights from launching remote peer-to-peer mentoring in a safety net healthcare delivery setting
Authors: Lyles Courtney R , Sarkar Urmimala , Patel Urvashi , Lisker Sarah , Stark Allison , Guzman Vanessa , Patel Ashwin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Peer mentors have been proven to improve diabetes outcomes, especially among diverse patients. Delivering peer mentoring via remote strategies (phone, text, mobile applications) is critical, especially in light of the recent pandemic. We conducted a real-world evaluation of a remote diabetes intervention in a safety-net delivery system in New York. We summarized the uptake, content, and pre-post clinical effectiveness for English- and Spanish-speaking participants. Of patients who could be reached, 71% (n = 690/974) were enrolled, and 90% of those (n = 618/690) participated in coaching. Patients and mentors had a mean of 32 check-ins, and each patient set an average of 10 goals. 29% of the participants accessed the program via the smartphone application. Among participants with complete hemoglobin A1c data (n = 179), there was an absolute 1.71% reduction (P &lt; .01). There are multiple lessons for successful implementation of remote peer coaching into settings serving diverse patients, including meaningful patient-mentor matching and addressing social determinants.