bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weird and wonderful ICU cases: Unusual causes of shock
Authors: Al-Busaidi Mujahid 
Published: December 2019

During their practice, intensivists are ought to face challenging cases that are rare. Intensivists need to be aware of the rare causes of shock beyond common presentations. In each category of shock, there are rare causes that require prompt identification and management. Certain clues in the patient's presentation might point to those rare causes.
Classically shock is classified into: distributive, hypovolemic, cardiogenic, and obstructive. In this era of bedside point-of-care ultrasound, intensivists are able to promptly identify the cause of shock and institute a resuscitation plan. However, there are cases when the diagnosis is still obscure and the cause of shock is not easily identified. For example, in a study of patients admitted with presumed septic shock, 7.4% had no identified cause of shock and 11% had sepsis mimickers.
Hypovolemic shock occurs secondary to a reduction in the effective circulating volume secondary to fluid loss or third spacing. A rare cause of hypovolemic shock is idiopathic capillary leak syndrome (Clarkson Syndrome). The syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of rapidly progressive generalized edema, shock, renal failure and high hematocrit. The episode usually resolves in 3-7 days where the capillary leak resolves and a phase of pulmonary edema occurs. Several treatment options such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aminophylline were used in case reports.
Vasodilatory shock occurs secondary to peripheral vasodilation and decrease in blood flow. It occurs as part of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome for which sepsis, acute pancreatitis, acute liver failure, and major trauma are common causes. Rare causes that need to be considered include: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), systemic mastocytosis, and toxic shock syndrome.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by macrophage activation and engulfment of hemopoetic cells which leads to pancytopenia. It is also characterized by cytokines storm that lead to a vasodilatory shock, multi-organ failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The most common triggers are infection, malignancy, and autoimmune diseases. Pointers to this diagnosis in the intensive care unit include: pancytopenias, hypofibrinogenemia, high triglycerides, and high ferritin. Treatment necessitates treating the underlying cause as well as using immune modifying therapies.
Systemic mastocytosis is a rare cause of recurrent anaphylaxis shock. It results from the accumulation of mast cells in tissues and can present with anaphylaxis and vascular collapse. An important clue to the diagnosis is the presence of urticarial pigmentosa and the absence of an allergen history.
Toxic shock syndrome is a unique cause of sepsis. It is caused by a pre-formed toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyrogenes. The clue to the diagnosis include the rapid onset after the precipitating factor, erythroderma, and skin desquamation. Treatment includes IVIG and Clindamycin.
Pensar a democracia em companhia de Rousseau e Tocqueville
Authors: Reis Helena Esser 
Published: December 2019

Buscar nexos entre o pensamento de Rousseau e Tocqueville é facilitado porque o próprio Tocqueville afirma que Rousseau foi um dos autores que mais influenciou seu pensamento. Influência, contudo, não significa concordância; e, ser um dos que mais o influenciou não significa uma única influência; razões que tornam nossa tarefa de buscar compreender os nexos entre um e outro mais instigante. Nosso esforço, neste artigo, recairá sobre a compreensão da concepção de democracia em cada um dos autores e, neste sentido, buscaremos evidenciar as características fundamentais que Rousseau, por um lado, e Tocqueville, por outro, atribuem à democracia. Em seguida, com base naquelas características apresentadas, investigaremos possíveis influências do pensamento rousseauísta sobre a concepção tocquevilleana, a fim de elucidar convergências e divergências entre os autores.
To Transgress or Not?: Critical Theory as a Framework for Change
Authors: Gnanadass Edith , Merriweather Lisa R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this chapter, we provide a snapshot of critical theories with salience for adult education to illuminate their enduring efficacy within the discipline, including critical feminism, queer theory, and race‐based critical theories. Critical theories seek to make individual change while dismantling the structures that suppress freedom and democracy, like discrimination, devaluation, and marginalization, and can be a catalyst for making substantial contributions to transforming society. Considering this, we believe structural changes should also reshape how critical theories are discussed, expanding the canon to include Black intellectualism. We conclude by providing evidence‐based tools for the adult educator's toolbox to transgress the politicized, raced, gendered, and othered environments in which adult educators work and adult learners learn.
Strain‐Driven Stabilization of a Room‐Temperature Chiral Multiferroic with Coupled Ferroaxial and Ferroelectric Order
Authors: Ren Guodong , Jung Gwan Yeong , Chen Huandong , Wang Chong , Zhao Boyang , Vasudevan Rama K. , Hachtel Jordan A. , Lupini Andrew R. , Chi Miaofang , Xiao Di , Ravichandran Jayakanth , Mishra Rohan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNoncollinear ferroic materials are sought after as testbeds to explore the intimate connections between topology and symmetry, which result in electronic, optical, and magnetic functionalities not observed in collinear ferroic materials. For example, ferroaxial materials have rotational structural distortions that break mirror symmetry and induce chirality. When ferroaxial order is coupled with ferroelectricity arising from a broken inversion symmetry, it offers the prospect of electric‐field‐control of the ferroaxial distortions and opens up new tunable functionalities. However, chiral multiferroics, especially ones stable at room temperature, are rare. A strain‐stabilized, room‐temperature chiral multiferroic phase in single crystals of BaTiS3 is reported here. Using first‐principles calculations, the stabilization of this multiferroic phase having P63 space group for biaxial tensile strains exceeding 1.5% applied on the basal ab‐plane of the room temperature P63cm phase of BaTiS3 is predicted. The chiral multiferroic phase is characterized by rotational distortions of TiS6 octahedra around the long c‐axis and polar displacement of Ti atoms along the c‐axis. The ferroaxial and ferroelectric distortions and their domains in P63‐BaTiS3 are directly resolved using atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Landau‐based phenomenological modeling predicts a strong coupling between the ferroelectric and the ferroaxial order making P63‐BaTiS3 an attractive test bed for achieving electric‐field‐control of chirality.
Crystalline‐Constrain Enables Preparation of Hierarchical Porous Hydrogels with High Porosity and Good Mechanics
Authors: Yuan Haohang , Zhao Xiaoduo , Zhao Weiyi , Zhang Yunlei , Ye Qian , Liu Shujuan , Yu Bo , Ma Shuanhong , Zhou Feng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPorous hydrogels with high porosity can achieve high matter diffusion and transport efficiency. Achieving both ultrahigh porosity and excellent mechanical properties in porous hydrogels remains a long‐standing challenge, considerably hindering their use in high load‐bearing elastic scaffolds such as artificial articular cartilages and meniscus replacements. Herein, a novel crystalline‐constrained multi‐solvents template preparation method is proposed for synthesizing highly porous hierarchical polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels (P‐exogel) with excellent mechanical properties. The enhanced mechanical characteristics of the P‐exogel are attributed to the crystallinity‐induced network anti‐swelling effect of the pore walls during dynamic template removal. The P‐exogel exhibits a hierarchical and interconnected pore structure with high porosity (81.69%), resulting in ultrafast surface wetting with water (in less than 10 ms). Moreover, the P‐exogel exhibits good tensile breaking strength (2.47 ± 0.53 MPa) with elongation of more than 400%, high toughness (5.61 ± 1.65 MJ m−3), and excellent elastic recovery performance. The pre‐crack testing results further confirm the ultrahigh fracture resistance (18.73 ± 2.52 KJ m−2) of the P‐exogel, which almost surpasses those of all reported and commercial porous hydrogels. The unique network microstructure of the P‐exogel ensures its highly efficient and reversible liquid absorption and release ability during dynamic loading–unloading processes, confirming its great application potential in high load‐bearing elastic scaffolds.
Polymeric Microspheres with High Mass Fraction of Therapeutics Enabled by the Manipulation of Kinetics Factor During Emulsion Droplet Solidification
Authors: Wei Zhenyang , Zhu Mingyu , Morin Nicolas , Wollsten Daniela , Hirvonen Jouni , Yang Xiangliang , Santos Hélder A. , Li Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh drug‐loaded polymeric microspheres hold promise in biomedical fields due to reduced excipient administration, minimized side effects, and enhanced therapeutical efficacy. Although thermodynamic factors like drug‐carrier material compatibility are well‐known to influence the drug loading capacity of microspheres, they fail to explain the huge difference in drug loading degree observed for polymers and drugs with similar interactions. Here, based on the droplet microfluidic platform, the single droplet solidification process is investigated. The results indicated that amorphous polymers can hinder drug diffusion during droplet solidification compared to crystalline polymers, resulting in a higher drug loading degree. Next, this principle is applied to improve the drug loading capability of crystalline polymers (polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA)) by random co‐polymerization (poly(caprolactone‐co‐L‐lactide) (PCL‐PLLA)), achieving 6.2–22.2 times increased drug loading degree. Moreover, PCL‐PLLA microspheres with a high content of indomethacin exhibited superior therapeutical efficacy in the treatment of gout arthritis. Overall, these results offer insights into the impact of polymer crystallization on droplet solidification kinetics, which consequently affects the drug loading capacity. These findings provide guidelines for the development of polymers for efficient drug encapsulation.
Anisotropic and Heterogeneous Thermal Conductivity in Programmed Liquid Metal Composites Through Direct Ink Writing
Authors: Hur Ohnyoung , Markvicka Eric J. , Bartlett Michael D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThermal management in electric vehicles, electronics, and robotics requires the systematic ability to dissipate and direct the flow of heat. Thermally conductive soft composites are promising for thermal management due to their high thermal conductivity and mechanical flexibility. However, composites typically have the same microstructure throughout a film, which limits directional and spatial control of thermal management in emerging systems that have distributed heat loads. Herein, directional and spatially tunable thermal properties are programmed into liquid metal (LM) soft composites through a direct ink writing (DIW) process. Through the local control of LM droplet aspect ratio and orientation this programmable LM microstructure has a thermal conductivity in the direction of LM elongation of 9.9 W m−1·K−1, which is ∼40 times higher than the unfilled elastomer (0.24 W m−1·K−1). The DIW process enables LM droplets to be oriented in specific directions with tunable aspect ratios at different locations throughout a continuous film. This introduces anisotropic and heterogeneous thermal conductivity in compliant films to control the direction and magnitude of heat transfer. This methodology and resulting materials can provide designed thermal management solutions for rigid and soft devices.
Unconventional Fluorescent Magnetic Mesoporous Microspheres for Visualizing Latent Fingerprints
Authors: Chen Ruijia , Fan Fei , Peng Liang , Zhao Xuejun , Zhao Jing , Lv Chen , Liao Pingyong , Lu Keming , Qiu Tingting , Xiao Lu , Lu Yan , Xue Shang , Zhou Guanglei , Liu Wenbin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐resolution visualization of latent fingerprints is key to effectively assessing crime scenes. Unconventional luminophores provide promising application potentials due to facile preparation and excellent biocompatibility, but are rarely reported for imaging latent fingerprints (LFPs). Here, a novel and cost‐effective strategy is developed to prepare unconventional fluorescent magnetic mesoporous microspheres (UFMMMs) by growing a mesoporous silicon shell, templated by designed amphipathic unconventional luminescent (N‐eicosanoyl‐hydroxyproline, C20‐HYP) aggregate micelles, on the magnetite core. The obtained UFMMMs with blue unconventional fluorescence and an average diameter of 650 nm can clearly visualize the level 1–3 details of LFPs on different substrates. The outstanding capability in imaging fingerprints results from the combined effects of the fine luminescence, paramagnetism, and high dispersion of UFMMMs. The intermolecular interactions between C20‐HYP and amino in UFMMMs enhance the fluorescence intensity by increasing electron delocalization and the proportion of π‐electrons. This study provides a new perspective for the controllable construction of fluorescent probes based on unconventional luminophores.
Dual‐Stimuli‐Responsive Covalent Organic Framework‐Liquid Crystal Polymer Smart Actuator
Authors: Liu Ru , Li Zerui , Zhao Haokai , Zhang Lanying , Lan Ruochen , Wang Qian , Yang Huai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a novel class of crystalline porous polymers that is in the limelight of research on functional materials. Loading COFs into a polymer matrix combines the stimuli‐responsive behavior of COFs and shape integrity and processing easiness of polymers. However, multiple and complex responsiveness can hardly be realized by integrating COFs into an amorphous and inert polymer matrix. Herein, photothermal and solvent‐sensitive porphyrin COF is synthesized and incorporated into another functional liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) matrix, which has uniformly molecular alignment and is capable of performing reversible deformation in response to external stimulus. As a result, the COFs dispersed in LCP can act as photothermal agents and fluorescence motifs, endowing the COF‐doped LCP film with near‐infrared (NIR) light and solvent dual‐responsiveness. Moreover, thanks to the ordered molecular alignment of LCP, such stimulation can trigger multi‐model actuation of the polymer film by adjusting molecular aligning direction, finally, based on the novel multifunctional composite film, a bionic flower capable of reversibly blooming and closing response to NIR light and solvent vapors is prepared.
Nonvolatile Switchable Janus Metasurface for Multi‐Dimension Encoded Near‐ And Far‐Field Functionalization
Authors: Hu Sha , Han Zhuoxuan , Du Shuo , Wang Chao , Hu Nannan , Fan Zhiqin , Huang Xin , Gu Changzhi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThrough considering an unconventional parameter of electromagnetic waves, Janus metasurfaces offer a new strategy to integrate multiple functionalities into a single device. However, the traditional Janus metasurfaces lack reconfigurability and suffer from complex manufacture process due to common multilayer structures. Herein, it is shown that a multi‐encrypted Janus metasurface integrating with phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) can achieve tunable switching of dual functionalities and two‐faced spatial asymmetric wavefront manipulation. By controlling four degrees of freedom (i.e., incident wavelength, polarization, output direction, and the phase state of GST), the metasurfaces can simultaneously enable transmitted phase and reflected amplitude modulations. As an experimental demonstration, a transmission‐type hologram and a reflection‐type grayscale image are securely encrypted in a single metasurface and actively switched with two specific keys, which contains four optical parameters. The nonvolatile switchable Janus metasurfaces provide potential applications in displays, information encryption, and data storage.
Bismuth‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Water Vapor Capture and Energy Storage
Authors: Ma Jianxin , Wang Chen , Liu Qianqian , Chen Xinyu , Li Bo , Su Zhong‐Min , Lan Ya‐Qian , Zang Hong‐Ying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTransforming water vapor into electricity is a critical method for advancing renewable energy supply and alleviating the global energy crisis. However, conventional materials typically struggle to achieve a balance between energy storage and humidity harvesting, making the integration of humidity detection with energy storage technology an emerging challenge. To address this challenge, a novel material design strategy is explored aimed at combining humidity harvesting capabilities with energy storage. Two novel hygroscopic Bi‐based metal‐organic frameworks [Bi2(HABTC)(ABTC)0.5·4H2O] (MOF 1) and [Bi4(ABTC)3(DMF)2]·DMF (MOF 2) are grown in situ on carbon paper electrodes, followed by further modification with polyaniline (PANI). This approach enhances the hygroscopicity of materials, thereby improving electrochemical performance, doubling the energy density compared to traditional coating methods. The integration of humidity‐sensitive polyoxometalates (POMs) electrolytes create a synergistic interaction between the electrode and the electrolyte, enabling effective moisture energy harvesting. At 90% relative humidity (RH) and 70 °C, the constructed solid‐state capacitor demonstrates a high energy density of 40.40 Wh kg−1 at 499.82 W kg−1. This research not only confirms the feasibility of water vapor energy harvesting but also paves an innovative pathway in the field of humidity energy conversion, highlighting its significant potential for future practical applications.
All‐in‐One: An Interwoven Dual‐Phase Strategy for Acousto‐Mechanical Multifunctionality in Microlattice Metamaterials
Authors: Li Zhendong , Zeng Kexin , Guo Zichao , Wang Zhonggang , Yu Xiang , Li Xinwei , Cheng Li 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMultifunctional materials that integrate noise absorption, high stiffness, and isotropic elasticity are increasingly sought after for all‐in‐one applications. However, conventional microlattice metamaterials—whether truss, shell, or plate—often excel in only one property and struggle to embrace all due to structural constraints. Herein, this work presents a new additive concept—via interweaving different lattice architectures to simultaneously enhance both sound absorption and elastic properties in microlattices. The interwoven design strategy starts by analyzing a particular structure, introducing a reinforcing structure to partition air domains, compensate for local stiffness deficiencies, and improve structural integrity. As a proof of concept, the focus is on using an octet truss as the original phase and a customized truss as the reinforcing phase. The methodology enables highly customizable geometric configurations, harnessing machine learning and multi‐objective optimization to achieve superior multifunctional performance. Experimental results show that these optimized microlattices overcome traditional physical limitations, simultaneously achieve broadband sound absorption, high stiffness, and elastic isotropy. The broadband absorption results from a finely tuned over‐damped resonant response, while the remarkable elastic performance is attributed to efficient load transfer and complementary configurations. This work unveils a groundbreaking design paradigm for innovative multifunctional materials.
Structurally Diverse Gelatin‐Based Electrospun Membranes for Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Zeng Lingcong , Kang Dandan , Zhu Linglin , Yu Deng‐Guang , Song Wenliang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNanofiber membranes, produced through electrospinning, offer significant promise in the biomedical field due to their large surface area and strong mechanical properties. Their versatility is evident across applications such as drug delivery, wound healing, filtration, catalysis, and heritage conservation. However, the potential of electrospun membranes for advanced biomedical uses, like medical ultrasonic couplants, remains largely untapped. Current ultrasonic couplants have notable limitations, often failing to meet clinical needs and affecting patient comfort during diagnostics. To address this, gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber membranes with various fibrous structures are developed and characterized, specifically designed for B‐mode ultrasonography. Through multi‐fluid electrospinning, three distinct nanofiber structures with average diameters of 325 ± 6.172, 349 ± 9.189, and 361 ± 2.117 nm are created. Electron microscopy confirmed these membranes' uniformity and smooth, hydrophilic surfaces. After crosslinking, the membranes exhibited enhanced mechanical strength and biodegradability. In ultrasound imaging trials, these nanofibers demonstrated superior clarity compared to commonly used polymer materials, revealing detailed body part structures. This study highlights the critical role of diverse nanofiber membranes in ultrasound imaging and positions them as promising alternatives to conventional couplants, with the potential to revolutionize ultrasound diagnostics and therapeutic practices.
Thin‐Film Assisted Laser Transfer and Bonding (TFA‐LTAB) for the Fabrication of Micro‐LED Displays
Authors: Lang Taifu , Lin Xin , Huang Xiaowei , Xie Yujie , Bai Shuangjia , Zhou Yijian , Wang Shuaishuai , Lu Yu , Tang Xuehuang , Lin Chang , Huang Zhonghang , Zhang Kaixin , Yan Qun , Sun Jie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicro‐Light Emitting Diodes (Micro‐LEDs) are key components in the field of next‐generation display technologies. In the process of making Micro‐LED displays, millions of chips need to be transferred to the driver substrate using mass transfer technology. Conventional transfer techniques, such as stamp transfer, present challenges in terms of processing efficiency and applicability due to the need for pre‐prepared tethered structures and fixed chip pitch. To overcome these limitations, the t hin‐film‐assisted laser transfer and bonding (TFA‐LTAB) technology is proposed. This technique is able to efficiently and accurately transfer Micro‐LEDs from the source substrate to the driver substrate with arbitrary pitch through thin‐film assistance, and electrically connects the chips through flip‐chip bonding technology, which significantly improves the efficiency and reliability of the transfer and joining. The TFA‐LTAB method proposed in this study integrates laser transfer and flip‐chip bonding techniques. Through the TFA‐LTAB process, these Micro‐LEDs cultured on sapphire substrates are precisely assembled onto transparent low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistors (LTPS‐TFTs). The method successfully achieved mass transfer and bonding of Micro‐LEDs with a size of 30 × 15 µm2 at low temperature (180 °C) and low pressure (0.08 MPa).