bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responsible Science and Research Animal Use
Authors: Turner Patricia V , Barbee R Wayne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This issue of the ILAR Journal focuses on the topic of responsible science as it relates to animal research. We start with the concept of the scientist as a responsible citizen and then move through multiple phases of research including careful experimental planning, reporting, and incorporation of laboratory animal science. The work of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) or animal ethical/oversight body in reviewing both animal use and contributing to scientific excellence is explored. Additional topics include protection of animal handlers from multiple experimental hazards, use of agricultural animals and wildlife studies, regulatory ambiguities, and harmonization of animal research. Rounding out the issue is a discussion of how animal care and use programs can enhance animal welfare while mitigating regulatory burden, and our responsibility to clearly communicate the ethical use of animals in advancing biomedical research. A deeper understanding of these topics can assist scientists in simultaneously advancing their research and animal welfare.
Persistence of Immune Responses With an Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Single-Dose Vaccine, JENVAC and Interchangeability With a Live-Attenuated Vaccine
Authors: Vadrevu Krishna Mohan , Potula Venugopal , Khalatkar Vasant , Mahantshetty Niranjana S , Shah Atish , Ella Raches 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
This study reports immunogenicity, safety, and interchangeability of a single-dose, inactivated, Vero-cell derived, JENVAC to the live-attenuated SA 14-14-2 vaccine in healthy children.

Methods
This phase 4, multicenter, open-label, randomized, control trial enrolled 360 children who were equally randomized to receive a single dose of either JENVAC or SA 14-14-2. Children were followed at various time points, until 2 years (day 720) postvaccination, upon which a subset from each group was divided and allocated to a receive a booster dose or the other vaccine.

Results
At all time points, immunological measures were statistically higher in the JENVAC group. In the interchangeability study, children receiving 2 doses of JENVAC reported significantly higher response compared with 2 doses of SA 14-14-2. No difference in adverse events was observed. These corroborate with excellent seroprotection after the first dose of an earlier JENVAC study.

Conclusions
A single-dose vaccination with JENVAC induces protective titers that persist up to 1 year. We report appreciable interchangeability between both vaccines, with JENVAC/JENVAC combination exhibiting the highest immune response. JENVAC is now licensed as a single-dose Japanese encephalitis vaccine.
Federal and State Action Needed to End the Infectious Complications of Illicit Drug Use in the United States: IDSA and HIVMA’s Advocacy Agenda
Authors: Springer Sandra A , Barocas Joshua A , Wurcel Alysse , Nijhawan Ank , Thakarar Kinna , Lynfield Ruth , Hurley Hermione , Snowden Jessica , Thornton Alice , del Rio Carlos 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In response to the opioid crisis, IDSA and HIVMA established a working group to drive an evidence- and human rights-based response to illicit drug use and associated infectious diseases. Infectious diseases and HIV physicians have an opportunity to intervene, addressing both conditions. IDSA and HIVMA have developed a policy agenda highlighting evidence-based practices that need further dissemination. This paper reviews (1) programs most relevant to infectious diseases in the 2018 SUPPORT Act; (2) opportunities offered by the “End the HIV Epidemic” initiative; and (3) policy changes necessary to affect the trajectory of the opioid epidemic and associated infections. Issues addressed include leveraging harm reduction tools and improving integrated prevention and treatment services for the infectious diseases and substance use disorder care continuum. By strengthening collaborations between infectious diseases and addiction specialists, including increasing training in substance use disorder treatment among infectious diseases and addiction specialists, we can decrease morbidity and mortality associated with these overlapping epidemics.
Prediction of medical expenditures of diagnosed diabetics and the assessment of its related factors using a random forest model, MEPS 2000–2015
Authors: Wang Jing , Shi Leiyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo predict the medical expenditures of individual diabetics and assess the related factors of it.Design and settingCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsData were collected from the US household component of the medical expenditure panel survey, 2000–2015.Main outcome measureRandom forest (RF) model was performed with the programs of randomForest in R software. Spearman correlation coefficients (rs), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean-related error (MRE) was computed to assess the prediction of all the models.ResultsTotal medical expenditure was increased from $105 Billion in 2000 to $318 Billion in 2015. rs, MAE and MRE between the predicted and actual values of medical expenditures in RF model were 0.644, $0.363 and 0.043%. Top one factor in prediction was being treated by the insulin, followed by type of insurance, employment status, age and economical level. The latter four variables had no impact in predicting of medical expenditure by being treated by the insulin. Further, after the sub-analysis of gender and age-groups, the evaluating indicators of prediction were almost identical to each other. Top five variables of total medical expenditure among male were same as those among all the diabetics. Expenses for doctor visits, hospital stay and drugs were also predicted with RF model well. Treatment with insulin was the top one factor of total medical expenditure among female, 18-, 25- and 65-age-groups. Additionally, it indicated that RF model was little superior to traditional regression model.ConclusionsRF model could be used in prediction of medical expenditure of diabetics and assessment of its related factors well.
Parallel Reaction Monitoring-Based Quantification of Cannabinoids in Whole Blood
Authors: Joye Timothée , Widmer Christèle , Favrat Bernard , Augsburger Marc , Thomas Aurélien 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cannabis is the most consumed drug of abuse, making it the primary target for identification and quantification in human whole blood regarding forensic and clinical toxicology analyses. Among biological matrices, blood is the reference for toxicological interpretation. A highly sensitive and selective liquid chromatography (LC) hyphenated with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was developed for the quantification of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxytetrahydrocannabinol (THC-OH), 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) and cannabidiol (CBD). Those cannabinoids were extracted from 1 mL of whole blood by a simple liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) in acidic conditions. HRMS was performed on an Orbitrap-based instrument using its trapping capabilities and increased selectivity for parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) quantification in positive polarity with a negative polarity switching for THC-OH and THC-COOH. Although selected reaction monitoring (SRM) and PRM-targeted methods have similar performance in terms of linearity, dynamic range, precision and repeatability, Orbitrap-based PRM provides a higher specificity due to the use of high-resolution mode separating background ions from the targeted molecules. The method was fully validated according to guidelines set forth by the “Société Française des Sciences et des Techniques Pharmaceutiques” (SFSTP). Trueness was measured below 107% for all tested concentrations. Repeatability and intermediate precision were found to be lower than 12% while the assay was found to be linear in the concentration range of 0.4–20 ng/mL for THC, THC-OH and CBD and of 2–100 ng/mL for THC-COOH. Recovery (RE) and matrix effect (ME) ranged from 70.6 to 102.5% and from −40 to 6.6%, respectively. The validated method provides an efficient procedure for the simultaneous and rapid quantification of cannabinoids in PRM mode providing an alternative over classical SRM.
XXL Survey groups and clusters in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey. Scaling relations between X-ray properties and weak lensing mass
Authors: Sereno Mauro , Umetsu Keiichi , Ettori Stefano , Eckert Dominique , Gastaldello Fabio , Giles Paul , Lieu Maggie , Maughan Ben , Okabe Nobuhiro , Birkinshaw Mark , Chiu I-Non , Fujita Yutaka , Miyazaki Satoshi , Rapetti David , Koulouridis Elias , Pierre Marguerite 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Scaling relations trace the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters. We exploited multi-wavelength surveys – the XXL survey at XMM-Newton in the X-ray band, and the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program for optical weak lensing – to study an X-ray selected, complete sample of clusters and groups. The scalings of gas mass, temperature, and soft-band X-ray luminosity with the weak lensing mass show imprints of radiative cooling and active galactic nucleus feedback in groups. From the multi-variate analysis, we found some evidence for steeper than self-similar slopes for gas mass ($\beta _{m_\text{g}|m}=1.73 \pm 0.80$) and luminosity (βl|m = 1.91 ± 0.94) and a nearly self-similar slope for the temperature (βt|m = 0.78 ± 0.43). Intrinsic scatters of X-ray properties appear to be positively correlated at a fixed mass (median correlation factor $\rho _{X_1X_2|m}\sim 0.34$) due to dynamical state and merger history of the haloes. Positive correlations with the weak lensing mass (median correlation factor $\rho _{m_\text{wl}X|m}\sim 0.35$) can be connected to triaxiality and orientation. Comparison of weak lensing and hydrostatic masses suggests a small role played by non-thermal pressure support ($9\pm 17{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$).
A consistency test for determining whether ultracompact dwarf galaxies could be the remnant nuclei of threshed galaxies
Authors: Graham Alister W 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
It has been suggested that ultracompact dwarf (UCD) galaxies are the ‘threshed’ remains of larger galaxies. Simulations have revealed that extensive tidal-stripping may pare a galaxy back to its tightly bound, compact nuclear star cluster. It has therefore been proposed that the two-component nature of UCD galaxies may reflect the original nuclear star cluster surrounded by the paltry remnants of its host galaxy. A simple quantitative test of this theory is devised and applied here. If the mass of the central black hole (BH) in UCD galaxies, relative to the mass of the UCD galaxies’ inner stellar component, i.e. the suspected nuclear star cluster, matches with the (black hole mass)–(nuclear star cluster mass) relation observed in other galaxies, then it would provide quantitative support for the stripped galaxy scenario. Such consistency is found for four of the five UCD galaxies reported to have a massive BH. This (black hole mass)–(nuclear star cluster mass) relation is then used to predict the central BH mass in two additional UCD galaxies, and to reveal that NGC 205 and possibly NGC 404 (which only has an upper limit to its black hole mass) also follow this scaling relation.
Aerothermodynamic modelling of meteor entry flows
Authors: Bariselli Federico , Frezzotti Aldo , Hubin Annick , Magin Thierry E 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTDue to their small size and tremendous speeds, meteoroids often burn up at high altitudes above 80 km, where the atmosphere is rarefied. Ground radio stations allow us to detect the concentration of electrons in the meteoroid trail, which are produced by hyperthermal collisions of ablated species with the freestream. The interpretation of these data currently relies on phenomenological methods, derived under the assumption of free molecular flow, that poorly accounts for the detailed chemistry, diffusion in the vapour phase, and rarefied gas effects. In this work, we employ the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method to analyse the detailed flowfield structure in the surroundings of a 1 mm meteoroid at different conditions, spanning a broad spectrum of Knudsen and Mach numbers, and we extract resulting ionization efficiencies. For this purpose, we couple the DSMC method with a kinetic boundary condition which models evaporation and condensation processes in a silicate material. Transport properties of the ablated vapour are computed following the Chapman–Enskog theory starting from Lennard–Jones potentials. Semi-empirical inelastic cross-sections for heavy- and electron-impact ionization of metals are computed analytically to obtain steric factors. The ionization of sodium is dominant in the production of free electrons, and hyperthermal air–vapour collisions play the most important role in this process. The ionization of air, classically disregarded, contributes to the electron production as significantly as ionization of magnesium and iron. Finally, we propose that DSMC could be employed as a numerical experiment providing ionization coefficients to be used in synthetic models.
The nature of the photometric variability of HgMn stars: a test of simulated light curves of φ Phe against the TESS data
Authors: Prvák Milan , Krtička Jiří , Korhonen Heidi 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The inhomogeneous surface distribution of heavy elements is known to cause periodic light variability of magnetic chemically peculiar stars. It is unclear to what extent the same paradigm applies to mercury–manganese (HgMn) stars. We aim to model the photometric variability of the HgMn star φ Phe using abundance maps obtained from high-resolution spectroscopy and to study how this variability evolves with time. We compute a grid of atlas12 model atmospheres and the corresponding synspec synthetic spectra. Interpolating within this grid and integrating the specific intensity over the visible stellar surface at different rotational phases, we obtain theoretical light curves of the star. We predict the variability of φ Phe in the ultraviolet and in the visible spectral regions with amplitude of the order of millimagnitudes, mainly caused by absorption in lines of yttrium, chromium, and titanium. We also show how this variability is affected by changes of the distribution of the heavy elements over time. The main characteristics of the predicted light variability of φ Phe correspond roughly to the variability of the star observed with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
Photoionization modelling of quiescence-phase spectra of novae and a symbiotic star
Authors: Mondal Anindita , Das Ramkrishna , Anupama G C , Mondal Soumen 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Using observed and published spectra in the optical region, we have studied a handful of novae and symbiotic stars that show novae-like variability in the quiescence phase. We present results for the novae T Coronae Borealis, GK Persei, RS Ophiuchi, V3890 Sagittarii and V745 Scorpii, and for a symbiotic star BX Monocerotis. Observations were carried out at the 2-m Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT). Generally, the spectra show prominent low-ionization emission features of hydrogen, helium, iron and oxygen and TiO absorption features resulting from the cool secondary component; T Coronae Borealis and GK Persei show higher ionization lines. We used the photoionization code cloudy to model these spectra. From the best-fitting models, we have estimated the physical parameters (e.g. temperature, luminosity and hydrogen density), the elemental abundances and other parameters related to the system. By matching the spectra of various giants with the absorption features and using the best fit, we have determined the types of secondaries and also their contribution to the spectra.
Suzaku and Fermi view of the supernova remnant 3C 396
Authors: Sezer A , Ergin T , Cesur N , Tanaka S J , Kisaka S , Ohira Y , Yamazaki R 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
3C 396 is a composite supernova remnant (SNR), consisting of a central pulsar wind nebula (PWN) and a bright shell in the west, which is known to be interacting with molecular clouds (MCs). We present a study of X-ray emission from the shell and the PWN of the SNR 3C 396 using archival Suzaku data. The spectrum of the SNR shell is clearly thermal, without a signature of a non-thermal component. The abundances of Al and Ca from the shell are slightly enhanced, which indicates the presence of metal-enriched supernova ejecta. The PWN spectra are well described by a power-law model with a photon index of ∼1.97 and a thermal component with an electron temperature of ∼0.93 keV. The analysis of about 11 yr of Fermi data revealed an 18σ detection of gamma-ray emission from the location overlapping with the position of 3C 396 / 4FGL J1903.8+0531. The spectrum of 3C 396 / 4FGL J1903.8+0531 is best fitted with a log-parabola function with parameters of α = 2.66 and β = 0.16 in the energy range of 0.2–300 GeV. The luminosity of 3C 396 / 4FGL J1903.8+0531 was found to be &gt;1035 erg s−1 at 6.2 kpc, which rules out the inverse Compton emission model. Possible scenarios of gamma-ray emission are hadronic emission and bremsstrahlung processes, due to the fact that the SNR is expanding into dense MCs in the western and northern regions of the SNR.
The pancaking of coronal mass ejections: an in situ attestation
Authors: Raghav Anil N , Shaikh Zubair I 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The interplanetary counterparts of coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are the leading driver of severe space weather. Their morphological evolution in interplanetary space and the prediction of their arrival time at Earth are the ultimate focus of space weather studies, because of their scientific and technological effects. Several investigations in the last couple of decades have assumed that ICMEs have a circular cross-section. Moreover, various models have also been developed to understand the morphology of ICMEs based on their deformed cross-section. In fact, simulation studies have suggested that the initial circular cross-section flattens significantly during their propagation in the solar wind and this is referred to as ‘pancaking’. However, an observational verification of this phenmenon is still pending and it will eventually be the primary concern of several morphological models. Here, we report the first unambiguous observational evidence of extreme flattening of the cross-section of ICMEs, similar to pancaking, based on in situ measurements of 30 ICME events. In fact, we conclude that the cross-section of ICME flux ropes transformed into a two-dimensional planar magnetic structure. Such a deformed morphological feature not only alters the prediction of their arrival time but also has significant implications in solar-terrestrial physics, the energy budget of the heliosphere, charged particle energization, turbulence dissipation and enhanced geo-effectiveness, etc.
Antiretroviral Treatment Simplification With 2-Drug Regimens: Impact of Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations
Authors: Kessler Harald H , Stelzl Evelyn , Blažič Anja , Mehta Sanjay R , Benezeder Anna S , Genger-Hackl Christina , Santner Brigitte I , Chaillon Antoine , Hoenigl Martin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The frequency of clinically relevant transmitted drug resistance mutations (DRMs) against drugs used for 2-drug regimens was 15.6%, but only 2% were not eligible for 1 or more 2-drug regimens. More than 50% of patients harboring any clinically relevant DRMs were found to be part of genetic transmission clusters.
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation for Long-term Control of Refractory Meralgia Paresthetica
Authors: Abd-Elsayed Alaa , Gyorfi Michael J , Ha Sung P 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMeralgia paresthetica is a term used to describe a clinical pain syndrome related to the compression or irritation of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN). The LFCN is a pure sensory nerve that is susceptible to compression injury. The most common compression locations are: as it courses from the lumbosacral plexus, through the abdominal cavity, under the inguinal ligament, and into the subcutaneous tissue of the thigh.MethodsThis case series is a retrospective single-center review of six patients with medically intractable meralgia paresthetica who were treated with radiofrequency ablation. To be considered for radiofrequency ablation, the patient must have been unsuccessful with medical management alone for more than two months and have a clinical diagnosis of meralgia paresthetica. Temporary relief of pain of 50% or greater was considered a positive result. Average pain scores were measured pre- and postprocedure, along with one-, two-, three-, and six-month intervals postoperation.ResultsAll patients demonstrated immediate relief in self-reported pain scores, averaging a 75.5% reduction in pain. At the one-, two-, three-, and six-month follow-ups, patients averaged a reduction of 60.0%, 58.0%, 51.4%, and 40.5%, respectively. Both the postop and one-month follow-up pain scores were lower, statistically significantly so (P &lt; 0.05), whereas the two-, three-, and six-month follow-ups were not statistically different from pretreatment scores.ConclusionsAlthough our study was small, radiofrequency ablation showed a clear reduction in average pain scores in a subset of patients who had failed standard medical therapy with a reduction in pain at one-month follow-up with relief of symptoms sometimes lasting longer than 12 months.
Incidence of venous thromboembolism following initiation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in U.S. women
Authors: Kinsey Tracy L , Stürmer Til , Funk Michele Jonsson , Poole Charles , Simpson Ross J , Glynn Robert J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE, i.e. deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, or both) following new use of NSAIDs in a long-term cohort of U.S. women.MethodsWe investigated initiation of coxibs and traditional NSAIDs (excluding aspirin) and incident VTE in 39 876 women enrolled in the Women’s Health Study from 1993–95 and followed with yearly questionnaires until 2012. We defined initiation as the first reported use of NSAIDs for ≥4 days per month. Incident VTE was confirmed by an end point committee. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and risk differences (RDs, expressed as percentages) comparing NSAID initiation with non-initiation and acetaminophen initiation (active comparator) via standardization using a propensity score that incorporated age, BMI, calendar time, and relevant medical, behavioural, and socioeconomic variables updated over time.ResultsThe HR (95% CI) for risk of VTE in the as treated analyses comparing initiation with non-initiation, was 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) for any NSAID, 1.3 (1.1, 1.7) for traditional NSAIDs, and 2.0 (1.3, 3.1) for coxibs, with 2-year RDs 0.11, 0.08 and 0.32, respectively. When comparing the risk of VTE after initiation of any NSAID with that after acetaminophen initiation, the HRs were 0.9 (0.6, 1.5), 0.9 (0.5, 1.5) and 1.4 (0.6, 3.4), with 2-year RDs 0.03, –0.01, and 0.13, respectively.ConclusionNew use of NSAIDs was associated with increased VTE risk compared with non-use, but the association was null or diminished when compared with acetaminophen initiation. Elevated VTE risks associated with NSAID use in observational studies may in part reflect different baseline risks among individuals who need analgesics and may overstate the risk patients incur compared with pharmacologic alternatives.