bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights on the Chemical Behavior of Ethyl Cyanoformate: Dipolarophile, Cyano or Ethoxycarbonyl Source
Authors: Dascălu Anca‐Elena , Bîcu Elena , Shova Segiu , Lipka Emmanuelle , Rigo Benoît , Billamboz Muriel , Ghinet Alina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines (azaindolizines) 1a‐k have been designed and easily synthesized by the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between cycloimmonium salts and ethyl cyanoformate used as dipolarophile. The behavior of the latter in cycloaddition reactions has been studied using different pyridinium, (iso)quinolinium or benzimidazolium salts and demonstrated the substrate‐dependent reactivity, and the observation in many cases of its reaction as a cyano or an ethoxycarbonyl donor reagent. New chemical platforms have been identified thanks to the different reactivity of ethyl cyanoformate. Final molecules were subjected to a biological evaluation on ESKAPE pathogens (five bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR), Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and two fungi: Cryptococcus neoformans (H99) and Candida albicans). Azaindolizines 1b and 1e displayed antifungal activity on Candida albicans and ylide 11 inhibited both fungi Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. These results open the way for the development of analogues with improved antifungal activity.
Novel Method of MoS2 Decorated CdS Core‐shell Nano‐Heterojunctions for Highly Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Zhang Ke‐Jie , Xu Hao , Sun Lei , Luo Wen‐Tao , Gu Si‐Wen , Wang Hanyang , Ye Chengfan , Han Shuo , Shen Tianying 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExploitation of efficient and stable photocatalyst for water splitting is pressing to solve the energy crisis. Four CdS@MoS2 nano‐heterojunctions were prepared by a single precursor thermal decomposition combined with one‐step hydrothermal method. The morphology of the prepared samples is spherical and has obvious core‐shell structure interface. The photocurrent of CdS@MoS2‐2 wt% is the largest, which is more over 40 times that of the pure CdS. In addition, CdS@MoS2‐2 wt% had superior photocatalytic H2 generation activity (20.23 mmol g−1 h−1) without any noble metal as a cocatalyst under visible light and show marked photocatalytic durability after a continuous test for 16 hours. This work provides a new insight for the design of core‐shell nano‐heterojunctions for other metal sulfide composites.
Electrochemistry of 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in Acetonitrile in Presence of Ascorbic Acid ‐ Application for Antioxidant Properties Evaluation
Authors: Deutchoua Arlette Danelle Djitieu , Siegnin Raïssa , Kouteu Glory Koutnaitze , Dedzo Gustave Kenne , Ngameni Emmanuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe electrochemistry of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in acetonitrile was studied in presence of ascorbic acid (AAH2) as model antioxidant. In the presence of AAH2, the intensities of the two characteristic systems of DPPH decreases and an intense oxidation peak at 1.07 V assigned to the oxidation of reduced DPPH was observed. The currents associated to these electrochemical processes showed excellent correlation with the amount of AAH2 added and were used for determining its free radicals scavenger activity. Chronoamperometry was found more suitable for a real time monitoring of the chemical reaction between DPPH and an antioxidant, and thus to evaluate their efficiencies by determining the corresponding half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Comparison of the reactivity of the antioxidants tested was possible by comparing the times necessary for the stabilization of the residual DPPH reduction currents. The method was subsequently applied to the evaluation of antioxidant properties of lemon and orange samples.
Rapid and Digital Detection of Inflammatory Biomarkers Enabled by a Novel Portable Nanoplasmonic Imager
Authors: Belushkin Alexander , Yesilkoy Filiz , González‐López Juan Jose , Ruiz‐Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Ferrer Ricard , Fàbrega Anna , Altug Hatice 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNew point‐of‐care diagnostic devices are urgently needed for rapid and accurate diagnosis, particularly in the management of life‐threatening infections and sepsis, where immediate treatment is key. Sepsis is a critical condition caused by systemic response to infection, with chances of survival drastically decreasing every hour. A novel portable biosensor based on nanoparticle‐enhanced digital plasmonic imaging is reported for rapid and sensitive detection of two sepsis‐related inflammatory biomarkers, procalcitonin (PCT) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) directly from blood serum. The device achieves outstanding limit of detection of 21.3 pg mL−1 for PCT and 36 pg mL−1 for CRP, and dynamic range of at least three orders of magnitude. The portable device is deployed at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital in Spain and tested with a wide range of patient samples with sepsis, noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and healthy subjects. The results are validated against ultimate clinical diagnosis and currently used immunoassays, and show that the device provides accurate and robust performance equivalent to gold‐standard laboratory tests. Importantly, the plasmonic imager can enable identification of PCT levels typical of sepsis and SIRS patients in less than 15 min. The compact and low‐cost device is a promising solution for assisting rapid and accurate on‐site sepsis diagnosis.
Evolution of functional size measures through ICONIX process phases
Authors: Liu Geng , Lavazza Luigi , Tosi Davide 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFunctional size measures are used in several software development processes, because they can be applied as soon as the functional user requirements of a software application have been specified. Quite often, functional user requirements are used as the main input of effort and cost estimation. Since effort and cost estimates are fundamental for decision making, project managers would like to get reasonably accurate estimates even before user requirements have been specified completely and at the proper level of detail. To this end, early size estimation methods have been proposed. In this paper, we consider a specific situation; namely, we consider processes in which the requirements elicitation and modeling phases are carried out according to the ICONIX process. The ICONIX process involves a few stages, each one tackling an aspect of requirements and delivering a specific artifact, in the form of a UML model. We explore the possibility of deriving from ICONIX artifacts the information needed to estimate the final size of the application. To this end, we analyzed the requirements of 21 software applications and derived statistical models that correlate the information extracted from ICONIX artifacts to the size, expressed in function points, of the application. The analysis of the achieved estimates shows that the approach is viable, in that it provides early estimates with good accuracy.
Investigation on the Effects of Glycerol and Clay Contents on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Maize Starch Nanocomposite Films
Authors: Mansour Gabriel , Zoumaki Maria , Marinopoulou Anna , Raphaelides Stylianos N. , Tzetzis Dimitris , Zoumakis Nikolaos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanocomposite films are prepared using normal maize starch, plasticized with glycerol and water and three different types of montmorillonite clay employing the solution method. A series of samples with different compositions is prepared by varying the concentrations of glycerol and nanoclay. The tensile properties of films are investigated as a function of clay and plasticizer contents. The experimental results indicate a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of nanocomposite films prepared with sodium montmorillonite clay as compared to commercial organoclay and Kimolian montmorillonite clay. ANOVA tests and regression models indicate that both glycerol and clay contents influence significantly the mechanical properties of films, and the tensile properties of nanocomposite films are enhanced even at lower clay content. The best results are obtained with nanocomposites at glycerol concentration of about 20 wt% and clay content of about 10 wt%. The intercalated nanocomposite structure of the films is ascertained by wide angle XRD analysis whereas the morphology of samples is examined by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
MicroRNA-124a inhibits endoderm lineage commitment by targeting Sox17 and Gata6 in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Liew Lee Chuen , Gailhouste Luc , Tan Geok Chin , Yamamoto Yusuke , Takeshita Fumitaka , Nakagama Hitoshi , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) during mouse early development, especially in endoderm germ layer formation, is largely unknown. Here, via miRNA profiling during endoderm differentiation, we discovered that miR-124a negatively regulates endoderm lineage commitment in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). To further investigate the functional role of miR-124a in early stages of differentiation, transfection of embryoid bodies with miR-124a mimic was performed. We showed that overexpression of miR-124a inhibits endoderm differentiation in vitro through targeting the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of Sox17 and Gata6, revealing the existence of interplay between miR-124a and the Sox17/Gata6 transcription factors in hepato-specific gene regulation. In addition, we presented a feasible in vivo system that utilizes teratoma and gene expression profiling from microarray to quantitatively evaluate the functional role of miRNA in lineage specification. We demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-124a in teratomas by intratumor delivery of miR-124a mimic and Atelocollagen, significantly suppressed endoderm and mesoderm lineage differentiation while augmenting the differentiation into ectoderm lineage. Collectively, our findings suggest that miR-124a plays a significant role in mESCs lineage commitment.
Surgeons Who Contributed to the Enlightenment of Japanese Medicine
Authors: Hiki Sumiko 
Published: December 2019

Until the sixteenth century internal medicine, primarily Chinese medicine, had been predominant in Japan.
From 1639, under the national seclusion policy of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan's doors were closed to the West; and Japan had no trade relations with any countries except China and Holland. Only in Nagasaki, where a Dutch settlement was located, were Japanese able to learn about Western culture and Western medicine. Through the medical education and services provided by Philipp Franz von Siebold, Western surgery was introduced to Japan. In 1854 Japan was opened to the world,
and many German physicians were invited to provide medical education in Japan. The German medical education system continued until about 1950.
After World War II, Japanese medical education was reformed, and several medical professors from U.S. universities were sent to Japan.
One was Charles G. Johnston of Wayne State University. Thanks to the efforts of these visiting American professors, many young Japanese doctors were sent to the United States to study surgery, anesthesia,
and the like. These doctors later became the leaders of medical education in Japan. The guidance and friendship of these foreign doctors had a profound effect on the progress and advancement of modern Japanese medicine.
Diaphragm Myoplasty in the Prevention of Complications after Surgery of Hydatid Disease of the Liver
Authors: Dosios Theodosios , Kouraklis Gregory , Karatzas Gabriel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA variety of techniques have been used for surgical treatment of hepatic hydatid cysts. The objective of this study is to describe the technique of diaphragm myoplasty, and to present our experience in the treatment of selected patients with hydatid disease of the liver by means of this alternative surgical technique. The technique combines a diaphragm myoplasty with a wide partial cystectomy performed through a right thoracophrenotomy incision. The medical records of the patients with hydatid disease of the liver who were submitted to surgical treatment with this technique were reviewed. The clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, operative notes, and postoperative results were analyzed. Eight consecutive patients with hepatic hydatid cyst were operated on. The cyst was located in the posterior‐superior aspect of the right hepatic lobe in all patients. Five patients suffered from recurrence of a previously operated hepatic hydatid cyst, and two patients suffered from complications of their disease. There was no in‐hospital mortality or morbidity. The early and late postoperative results compare favorably with the results of other investigators. The alternative surgical technique for treatment of selected patients with hepatic hydatid disease is indicated for patients with a cyst located in the posterior‐superior aspect of the right hepatic lobe, especially if there is a recurrence of the disease after a previous surgery or involvement of the diaphragm and/or the intrathoracic organs. The technique provides easy and safe access to the cyst and carries most of the advantages of omentoplasty.
Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Liver: Clinicopathologic Study of 10 Surgically Treated Cases
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Nan , Jan Yi‐Yin , Chen Miin‐Fu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis investigation presents the clinical features and outcomes of 10 surgically treated primary adenosquamous carcinomas of the liver (ADS‐CCC). Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma (CCC) occurs less frequently than hepatocellular carcinoma in most parts of the world. Reports of surgically treated cases of ADS‐CCC are sporadic owing to the low resectability rate, difficulty of making an early diagnosis, and its poor prognosis. Furthermore, clinicopathologic studies based on a limited number of surgically treated cases are still lacking. From 1988 to 1999 the clinical features of 10 surgically treated cases of ADS‐CCC were reviewed, including clinical features, operative findings, the pathologic picture, and long‐term results. The clinical features and outcomes of 171 patients with CCC were also summarized for comparison. Of 181 surgically treated CCC patients, 10 (5.3%) had ADS‐CCC. Low bilirubin values and high resectability were prominent in the patients in the ADS‐CCC group compared with those in the CCC group. The prognosis for ADS‐CCC is dismal, although overall survival did not differ significantly between these two groups. Hepatic resection and curative hepatic resection had significant benefit on the overall survival in the CCC group but only hepatic overall survival in the ADS‐CCC group. The 1‐ and 3‐year survival rates of ADS‐CCC and CCC patients were 22.2%/0% and 33.7/9.4%, respectively. This investigation presents the clinical features and outcomes of 10 surgically treated ADS‐CCC patients. ADS‐CCC exhibited higher resectability than CCC. Although hepatic resection might benefit the treatment and prolong the survival of ADS‐CCC patients, the prognosis is still dismal because of the specific biologic behavior of the tumor.
Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Myocardial Injury during Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Wei Minxin , Kuukasjärvi Pekka , Laurikka Jari , Kaukinen Seppo , Iisalo Pekka , Laine Seppo , Tarkka Matti 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass is acknowledged to be one of the major causes of a complex systemic inflammatory response after cardiac surgery. Leukocyte‐endothelial binding followed by neutrophil migration appears to play a central role. These interactions are mediated by adhesion molecules on the surface of activated cells. The present study compared the perioperative levels of soluble adhesion molecules after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with or without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Altogether, 9 patients underwent off‐pump revascularization and 11 did so with CPB. Plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules sE‐selectin and sP‐selectin and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) were measured before anesthesia induction and 1, 4, and 20 hours after reperfusion to the myocardium. The baseline plasma levels of the adhesion molecules were similar in the two groups. Perioperative levels of sE‐selectin remained the same and did not differ between groups. Plasma sP‐selectin increased in both groups, the change being significantly greater in the CPB group than that in the off‐pump group (p = 0.001). Plasma sICAM‐1 decreased during an early stage after CABG with CPB, recovering at 4 hours after reperfusion; and a significant increase in ICAM‐1 was observed 20 hours later. In the off‐pump group, sICAM‐1 levels did not change at 1 and 4 hours after reperfusion but increased 20 hours later. Postoperative creatine kinase–muscle bound (CK‐MB) levels were significantly higher in the CPB group than in the off‐pump group (p = 0.001). The change in sP‐selectin levels also showed a correlation with CK‐MB values (r = 0.676, p = 0.001). The results indicated that off‐pump revascularization is associated with reduced endothelial activation and myocardial injury.
The Safety and Survival Outcome of Hepatectomy with Combined Bile Duct Resection for Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Ito Takaaki , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Yamamoto Yusuke , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Yasui Hirofumi , Yamazaki Kentaro , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundBiliary confluence is sometimes involved in colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM), and therefore bile duct resection (BDR) is occasionally necessary for complete resection. However, the utility of hepatectomy with combined BDR is unclear. The safety and survival outcome of hepatectomy with combined BDR for CRLM was assessed.MethodsPatients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM between 2002 and 2017 were identified from a prospectively compiled database. Postoperative outcomes were compared between patients undergoing hepatectomy alone and with combined BDR for CRLM.ResultsA total of 734 patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM were included. Hepatectomy with combined BDR was performed in 16 (2.1%) patients. The postoperative complications rate (Clavien–Dindo ≥ 3) of patients undergoing hepatectomy with BDR was 31.2%, which was higher than that without BDR (P = 0.001) for CRLM. The mortality rate of surgery for CRLM was 0%. The 5‐ and 10‐year relapse‐free survival (RFS) rates for hepatectomy with BDR were 45.0% and 30.0%, respectively. Patients undergoing hepatectomy with BDR had a similar RFS to those without BDR for CRLM (P = 0.351). The 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival (OS) rates for hepatectomy with BDR were 62.6% and 62.6%, respectively. Patients undergoing hepatectomy with BDR had a similar OS to those without BDR for CRLM (P = 0.738).ConclusionsIn conclusion, hepatectomy with combined BDR was a potentially feasible treatment option that obtained favorable survival outcomes in patients with invasion of the biliary confluence by CRLM, although BDR with hepatectomy for CRLM was associated with a high rate of morbidity.
Validity of reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder in adolescence
Authors: Seim Astrid R. , Jozefiak Thomas , Wichstrøm Lars , Kayed Nanna S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) are acknowledged as valid disorders in young children, controversy remains regarding their validity in adolescence. An unresolved question is whether symptoms of RAD and DSED are better conceptualized as other psychiatric disorders at this age. All adolescents (N = 381; 67% consent; 12–20 years old) living in residential youth care in Norway were interviewed to determine the symptoms and diagnosis of RAD/DSED and other common psychiatric disorders using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). The construct validity of RAD and DSED, including structural and discriminant validity, was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis and latent profile analysis. Two-factor models distinguishing between symptoms of RAD and DSED and differentiating these symptoms from the symptoms of other psychiatric disorders revealed better fit than one-factor models. Symptoms of RAD and DSED defined two distinct latent groups in a profile analysis. The prevalence of RAD was 9% (95% CI 6–11%), and the prevalence of DSED was 8% (95% CI 5–11%). RAD and DSED are two distinct latent factors not accounted for by other common psychiatric disorders in adolescence. RAD and DSED are not uncommon among adolescents in residential youth care and therefore warrant easy access to qualified health care and prevention in high-risk groups.
Are women more likely to throw the rascals out? The mobilizing effect of social service spending on female voters
Authors: Alexander Amy C. , Bågenholm Andreas , Charron Nicholas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study focuses on gender differences in voter reactions to a corruption scandal in one’s preferred party. We analyze, in a framework of ‘exit, voice and loyalty’, whether women differ from men in terms of turnout (exit), and given that they vote, whether they prefer a clean alternative party (voice) or whether they continue to vote for their preferred party (loyalty) involved in a corruption scandal. We employ sequential logit models using data from the European Quality of Government Index (EQI) survey from 2017, which contains roughly 77,000 respondents from 21 EU countries and 185 regions. We find that women generally are less tolerant of corruption, but that the effect is highly conditional. In areas where social service spending is more widespread, we find that female respondents are more likely to vote for an alternative party. Yet the odds of exit increase among women when social service spending is lower.
Monogene frühmanifeste Osteoporose und Altersosteoporose – ein Kontinuum
Authors: Kornak Uwe , Oheim Ralf 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Das Risiko für atraumatische/osteoporotische Frakturen nimmt ab einem Alter von 55 Jahren zu und wird zu einem großen Teil durch die individuelle Knochenmineraldichte und -struktur bestimmt. Durch Modeling während des Wachstums und anschließendes Remodeling passen Osteoblasten und Osteoklasten als Teil der sog. „basic multicellular unit“ das Knochengewebe kontinuierlich an die Erfordernisse an. Angeborene Störungen ihrer Funktion und/oder ihres Zusammenspiels durch häufige oder seltene Genvarianten können durch verzögerten Knochenaufbau oder beschleunigten Knochenabbau zu einer pathologisch niedrigen Knochenmineraldichte (BMD) führen. Häufige Varianten in über 500 Genloci erklären zusammen derzeit ca. 20 % der BMD-Varianz und beeinflussen das Risiko der Altersosteoporose. In einem signifikanten Teil der erwachsenen Patienten mit frühmanifester Osteoporose (vor dem 55. Lebensjahr) finden sich hingegen seltene Varianten als monogene Krankheitsursache. Aufgrund der mitunter sehr milden und variablen Manifestation dieser monogenen Krankheiten ist die genetische Diagnostik die zuverlässigste Möglichkeit der molekularen Zuordnung. Die bei der früh- und spätmanifesten Osteoporose involvierten Gene zeigen eine deutliche Überlappung, besonders bei Genen mit Funktion im Wnt-Signalweg. Die Einbeziehung genetischer Varianten in den diagnostischen Prozess erlaubt eine genauere Prognose und möglicherweise auch eine spezifischere Therapie. Auf die Altersosteoporose lässt sich dieser personalisierte Ansatz unter Umständen in einem nächsten Schritt mithilfe polygener Risiko-Scores übertragen.