bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular Orphan Receptor 4 (TR4) Promotes Papillary Thyroid Cancer Invasion via Activating Circ-FNLA/miR-149-5p/MMP9 Signaling
Authors: Ouyang Xiwu , Feng Lemeng , Yao Lei , Xiao Yao , Zhang Gewen , Liu Guodong , Wang Zhiming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The incidence and mortality of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) have steadily increased. Although conventional therapies are very effective towards differentiated PTC patients, very limited therapeutic options are applicable to those patients with distant metastases. Therefore, better understanding of the molecular biology of metastatic PTC helps identify novel targets and facilitates the development of new therapies.Methods: Western blot assay was used to check relative gene protein expression. Transwell invasion assay was used to check the invasion capacity of the PTC cells. Wound healing assay was conducted to check the migration capacity of the PTC cells. qRT-PCR assay was used to check relative RNA expression of the cells. IHC assay was used to check TR4 and MMP9 expression in clinical samples or mouse tumor samples. Results: In this study, we first found that testicular orphan receptor 4 (TR4) was significantly increased in PTC tumors spreading to lymph node compared to the paired primary tumors. Experimental evidence suggested that TR4 drove PTC progression via promoting its cell invasion and cell migration. Mechanistically, TR4 transcriptionally regulated the expression level of circ-FLNA, which competed with MMP9 for miR-149-5p binding and led to increased protein level of MMP9. Interruption assays with various gene manipulations verified that TR4/circ-FLNA/miR-149-5p/MMP9 signaling axis played central role in cell invasion and cell migration of PTC cells. Moreover, xenografted mouse model also confirmed that TR4/circ-FLNA signal promoted PTC tumor growth.Conclusions: Overall, our study pinpoints the oncogenic role of TR4 in PTC development and targeting TR4/circ-FLNA/miR-149-5p/MMP9 signaling may be an alternative option for metastatic PTC patients.
TERT Promoter Mutations in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: High Frequency in Non-HPV-related Type and Association With Favorable Clinicopathologic Features
Authors: Kim Sang Kyum , Kim Jang-Hee , Han Jae-Ho , Cho Nam Hoon , Kim Se Joong , Kim Sun Il , Choo Seol Ho , Kim Ji Su , Park Bumhee , Kwon Ji Eun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPenile carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm and its molecular pathogenetic mechanism is largely unknown. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations have been detected in several types of human malignancies, including malignant melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancer, thyroid carcinoma, glioma, and bladder carcinoma. However, TERT-p mutation in penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has not been investigated to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of TERT promoter mutations in penile squamous cell carcinomas and their associations with clinicopathologic features. MethodsSanger sequencing was performed to detect TERT promoter mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 37 cases of penile SCC, 16 cases of cutaneous SCC, and 4 cases of non-neoplastic penile/skin tissue. The expression of p16 and Ki67 were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Associations of TERT promoter mutation with clinicopathological factors, immunohistochemical results, and clinical outcome were statistically analyzed. ResultsRecurrent TERT promoter mutations were identified in 18 of 37 (48.6%) penile SCCs, including all three carcinoma in situ cases. TERT promoter mutations were significantly more frequent in non-human papilloma virus (HPV)-related penile SCC types based on both histologic classification and p16INK4a immunoreactivity. Furthermore, TERT promoter mutation was associated with a low histologic grade, low mitotic count, absence of necrosis, and low Ki67/MIB-1 labelling index. Univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test indicated that TERT promoter mutation was a favorable factor for disease-free survival. ConclusionsOur study shows TERT-p mutations are the most frequent somatic mutations in penile SCC. In addition, TERT-p mutations are far more frequent in non-HPV-related penile SCC, indicating that in case of non-HPV-related penile SCC, TERT-p mutations may have a role in tumorigenesis distinct from HPV-related penile SCC.
The Retrospective Study of Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Diseases and Others Clinical Conditions Diagnosed in Dogs and Cats in Douala City, Cameroon
Authors: Kouamo Justin , Kana Alain Gildas Dongmo , Dongmo Carène Chéryle Zebaze 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
· Background: A good knowledge of the epidemiology of diseases conditions of pet dogs and cats is essential for their prevention and control. Over a period of 5 years (2014 to 2019), a retrospective study was undertaken to establish the prevalence of clinical diseases and others clinical disorders in dogs and cats in Douala city, Cameroon, based on sex, breeds and age. Data were collected from clinical case records of dogs and cats admitted in six private veterinary clinics and analyzed using Chi-Square test statistics.· Results: A total of 2397 clinical conditions were recorded, among them dogs and cats were 2222 (92.7%) and 175 (7.3%), respectively. According to system affected, digestive disorders were found to account significantly (P<0.0001) for 58.3% of the diagnosed cases, followed by skin disorders (13.5%) and musculoskeletal disorders (13.1%). Fourty-six (46) types of clinical diseases were recorded involving nonspecific diseases (dogs 25.1% and cats 19.4%), viral diseases (dogs 16.8%), parasitic diseases (dogs 12.7% and cats 9.7%), protozoan diseases (dogs 2.7%) and bacterial/fungal diseases (dogs 1.4%). For dogs, the most occurring clinical diseases comprised parvovirosis (16%), helminthoses (8.2%), gastroenteritis (7.8%) and poisoning (7.8%), whereas pet cats showed highest prevalence of helminthoses (9.7%), poisoning (5.1%) and dermatitis (2.9%). The sex-wise highest prevalence was observed in male (dogs 67% and cats 59.4%) than female (dogs 33% and cats 40.6%) (p=0.009). Of the dog breeds, Cross breeds (31.7%), local breeds (24.02%) and German shepherd (13.1%) were mostly affected, while highest clinical diseases were found 96 (54.9%) in the local cat breed counterpart. Incidence of diseases were more in puppies (68.7%) and in young cats (75.5%) compare with other age groups.· Conclusions: Most of the clinical diseases/conditions recorded from this study were avoidable cases and they have greater public health significance, demanding veterinary support in order to prevent the risk of zoonosis. This study provides useful information about the major health problems of dogs and cats in Douala City. These results might help to instruct pet owners on preventive measures and to develop supplementary effective disease management and control strategies against pet animal diseases.
NEM SÓ DE LUCRO VIVE O SISTEMA FINANCEIRO BRASILEIRO: O ASSÉDIO MORAL NO AMBIENTE BANCÁRIO
Authors: Carbonaro Agnaldo , Paulino da Silva Carlos André , Coleto Aline Cristina 
Published: July 2020

O assédio moral é uma violência que ocorre nas relações trabalhistas e que aflige a capacidade física e intelectual da vítima. As vítimas sofrem tanto psicologicamente quanto fisicamente, pois ao tentar esconder ou reprimir as dores sofridas, o corpo responde com depressão, gastrite, falta de apetite, insônia, dentre outras situações. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar como se configura o assédio moral dentro das instituições bancárias e identificar quais medidas são necessárias para auxiliar em seu combate, além de verificar as legislações existentes no país para prevenir e coibir esta prática. O estudo é fundamentado em pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, norteadas por autores como Maria Ester de Freitas (2001), Marie-France Hirigoyen (2011), Heinz Leymann (1990) e Mauro Vasni Paroski (2006). Foram utilizados os métodos descritivo e explicativo e os dados analisados pelos métodos qualitativo-quantitativo. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que não há uma legislação específica em âmbito nacional acerca do assédio moral e, não obstante os sindicatos promoverem ações de conscientização dentro das instituições financeiras, o assédio moral ainda ocorre mais intensamente na atividade bancária do que nos demais setores. Como conclusão, recomenda-se a elaboração de legislação específica para coibir o assédio moral, bem como o incremento de ações de educação e conscientização para o setor.
Leak detection in virtually isolated pipe sections within a complex pipe system using a two-source-four-sensor transient testing configuration
Authors: Shi He , Gong Jinzhe , Simpson Angus R. , Zecchin Aaron C. , Lambert Martin F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Leak detection in complex pipeline systems is challenging due to complex wave reflections. This research proposes a new technique for leak detection in targeted pipe sections within complex water supply pipe systems using controlled hydraulic transient pressure waves. To ‘virtually isolate’ a targeted pipe section for independent analysis, a two-source-four-sensor transient testing configuration is used to extract the transfer matrix of the targeted pipe section, and it is independent of the system boundary conditions. The imaginary part of the difference between two elements in the transfer matrix is sensitive to leaks. The result should be zero if no leak is present, while a leak will introduce a sinusoidal pattern. An algorithm is developed to extract the leak information, which is applicable to multiple leaks. Two numerical case studies are conducted to validate the new leak detection technique. Case 1 is on a single pipe system with two leaks and deteriorated pipe sections, and pulse pressure waves are used as the excitation. Case 2 is on a simple pipe network with one leak, and pseudo-random binary signals are used as the excitation. The successful determination of the leak location and impedance validates the concept.
Wpływ zagęszczenia i suplementacji diety o kwasy tłuszczowe na wzrost i przeżywalność raka luizjańskiego (Procambarus clarkii)
Authors: Karaban Kamil , Stęplowski Kacper 
Published: July 2020

Rak luizjański (Procambarus clarkii) jest zarówno gatunkiem konsumpcyjnym jak i akwariowym. Z uwagi na jego wykorzystanie w przemyśle spożywczym, informacje o zwiększeniu przeżywalności i tempa wzrostu osobników młodych są istotne. Jedną z testowanych hipotez była konkurencja o zasoby i ryzyko kanibalizmu u młodych osobników – w związku z tym w eksperymencie badano wpływ zagęszczenia na tempo wzrostu i przeżywalność młodych raków. Druga z testowanych hipotez dotyczyła suplementacji diety raków o nasycone (palmitynowy) i nienasycone (α-linolenowy) kwasy tłuszczowe. Kwas α-linolenowy uważany jest jako prekursor do wytwarzania DHA, który może mieć znaczenie dla kondycji raków we wczesnej fazie ich wzrostu i docelowo poprawiać jakość mięśni, które stanowią źródło pożywienia. Kwas palmitynowy jest jednym z dominujących kwasów tłuszczowych w ciele raków i podobnie jak kwas α-linolenowy może stanowić dla raków źródło pokarmu. Naprzemienne podawanie kwasów tłuszczowych α-linolenowego i palmitynowego miało na celu określenie, czy raki zareagują na urozmaiconą dietę lepiej niż na dietę z dominacją jednego z kwasów tłuszczowych. W eksperymencie testowano jednocześnie obydwie hipotezy – był zaplanowany dla analizy dwuczynnikową ANOVA. Rezultaty pokazują, że zagęszczenie i suplementacja kwasów tłuszczowych nie wpływają na śmiertelność raków, powodują natomiast zmiany w tempie wzrostu osobników. Wyższe zagęszczenie stymuluje raki do szybszego wzrostu i osiągania wyższych rozmiarów. Dodawanie w diecie kwasów tłuszczowych palmitynowego lub α-linolenowego powodują szybszy wzrost raków. Interesujące, naprzemienne dodawanie tych kwasów nie daje istotnego efektu.
Socially responsible landscape parks: A case study of landscape parks of Wielkopolskie voivodship
Authors: Maćkowiak Magdalena , Spychała Aleksandra , Graja-Zwolińska Sylwia 
Published: July 2020

Initially, research on ‘social responsibility’ focused on the sphere of business (corporate social responsibility, CSR). However, taking into account the fact that social responsibility is connected with understanding society’s expectations in a broader perspective, the concept is now considered applicable to all organisations, not only business ones. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the problems in the socially responsible functioning of landscape parks. The areas of activity of parks, for which specific legal, ethical or economic expectations may be formulated by various groups of stakeholders, are characterised. The results of pilot surveys carried out among employees of landscape parks in the Wielkopolskie voivodship are also presented.
Dawstwo narządów w świetle polskiej ustawy transplantacyjnej
Authors: Ochotny Piotr 
Published: July 2020

Bez wątpienia największym problemem medycyny transplantacyjnej jest mała ilość dawców przy równoczesnym, ciągle wzrastającym, zapotrzebowaniu na tkanki i narządy. Celem artykułu jest poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytanie: czy i w jakim stopniu polska ustawa transplantacyjna z 1 lipca 2005 r. o pobieraniu, przechowywaniu i przeszczepianiu komórek, tkanek i narządów poszerza krąg potencjalnych dawców organów. W przekonaniu autora polskie regulacje prawne w zakresie transplantologii sprzyjają w optymalny sposób pozyskiwaniu organów. Po pierwsze, pobieranie organów od dawców zmarłych regulowane jest zgodnie z modelem tzw. zgody domniemanej, na podstawie której przyjmuje się, iż dany człowiek za życia wyraził się aprobująco o możliwości ofiarowania swoich organów, a więc faktycznie nie złożył odpowiedniego sprzeciwu, podważającego domniemanie zgody. Po drugie, ustawodawca, posługując się nieostrą klauzulą generalną „szczególnych względów osobistych”, dopuszcza możliwość pobrania komórek, tkanek czy narządów w celu przeszczepienia u żywego dawcy niespokrewnionego z biorcą. Po trzecie, ustawa zezwala na pobranie od anonimowych dawców szpiku i innych regenerujących się komórek i tkanek. Po czwarte, w myśl polskiej ustawy transplantacyjnej dopuszczalne jest przeszczepienie ludziom w celach leczniczych komórek, tkanek lub narządów pochodzących od zwierząt. Oczywiście, nie oznacza to, że regulacji transplantacyjnych nie można doskonalić. Należy jednak podkreślić, że zasadniczą przyczyną spadającej liczby transplantacji jest niski poziom świadomości społecznej powodowany brakiem strategii edukacyjnej. Towarzyszy temu atrofia postaw współczujących.
Inhibition of Interleukin-1 in the Treatment of Selected Cardiovascular Complications
Authors: Heydari Fatemeh Sadat , Zare Simin , Roohbakhsh Ali 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced by
endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. It is an important regulator of a complex
humoral and cellular inflammatory response. IL-1β is known to be implicated in the development of
chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to review the effects of IL-1β
antagonists in various cardiovascular disorders and to discuss their effectiveness in such diseases.

Methods:
Major biomedical databases, including PubMed and Scopus, were searched for clinical
studies regarding the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using IL-1β antagonists.
Results: The drugs currently used in clinical trials are anakinra, the monoclonal antibodies canakinumab
and gevokizumab, and the soluble decoy receptor rilonacept. There are clinical trials and
case reports of patients with CVD in which anakinra administration, at the standard dose, has
caused rapid clinical improvement and recovery in a few months. Our comprehensive search revealed
that IL-1β antagonists have beneficial effects in the treatment of various cardiovascular
disorders such as myocarditis, pericarditis, heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial
infarction, atherosclerosis, and Kawasaki disease.

Conclusion:
The present review article shows that IL-1β has a major role in the pathophysiology
of cardiovascular disorders, its antagonists have beneficial effects in these conditions, and their
use should be considered in future studies.
AFM Research in Catalysis and Medicine
Authors: Matienko Ludmila , Mickhailovna Mil Elena , Ivanovich Binyukov Vladimir , Nikolaevich Goloshchapov Alexandr 
Published: July 2020

Background:
In this study, we show that the AFM method not only allows monitoring the
morphological changes in biological structures fixed on the surface due to H-bonds, but also makes it
possible to study the self-organization of metal complexes by simulating the active center of enzymes
due to intermolecular H-bonds into stable nanostructures; the sizes of which are much smaller than the
studied biological objects. The possible role of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the formation of stable
supramolecular metal complexes, which are effective catalysts for the oxidation of alkyl arenes to
hydroperoxides by molecular oxygen and mimic the selective active sites of enzymes, was first studied
by AFM.

Methods and Results:
The formation of supramolecular structures due to intermolecular hydrogen
bonds and, possibly, other non-covalent interactions, based on homogenous catalysts and models of
active centers enzymes, heteroligand nickel and iron complexes, was proven by AFM-technique. AFM
studies of supramolecular structures were carried out using NSG30 cantilever with a radius of curvature
of 2 nm, in the tapping mode. To form nanostructures on the surface of a hydrophobic, chemically
modified silicon surface as a substrate, the sample was prepared using a spin-coating process from solutions
of the nickel and iron complexes. The composition and the structure of the complex
Ni2(acac)(OAc)3·NMP·2H2O were determined in earlier works using various methods: mass spectrometry,
UV- and IR-spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and polarography. Self-assembly of supramolecular
structures is due to intermolecular interactions with a certain coordination of these interactions, which
may be a consequence of the properties of the components themselves, the participation of hydrogen
bonds and other non-covalent interactions, as well as the balance of the interaction of these components
with the surface. Using AFM, approaches have been developed for fixing on the surface and quantifying
parameters of cells.

Conclusion:
This study summarizes the authors' achievements in using the atomic force microscopy
(AFM) method to study the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonds (and other non-covalent interactions)
and supramolecular structures in the mechanisms of catalysis. The data obtained from AFM
based on nickel and iron complexes, which are effective catalysts and models of active sites of enzymes,
indicate a high probability of the formation of supramolecular structures in real conditions of
catalytic oxidation, and can bring us closer to understanding enzymes activity. With a sensitive AFM
method, it is possible to observe the self-organization of model systems into stable nanostructures due
to H-bonds and possibly other non-covalent interactions, which can be considered as a step towards
modeling the active sites of enzymes. Methodical approaches of atomic force microscopy for the study
of morphological changes of cells have been developed.
Cheating among college and university students: A North American perspective
Authors: McCabe Donald L 
Published: July 2020

Academic integrity is an issue of critical importance to academic institutions and has been gaining increasing interest among scholars in the last few decades. This article discusses data obtained over the last three years from over 80,000 students and 12,000 faculty in the United States and Canada.
While documenting that cheating on tests and exams and plagiarism are significant issues on our college and university campuses, it also offers some thoughts on possible strategies to encourage greater levels of academic integrity among students.
Decline in academe
Authors: Sawyer Kim R , Johnson Jackie , Holub Mark 
Published: July 2020

When universities became corporate universities, the constraints that defined universities changed. The values of the old university, of scholarship, truth and freedom, were replaced by the values of the market. Education became a product, the university a firm, and the university system an industry. This paper considers the decline in academe as universities converge towards for-profit corporate universities. The paper explores why universities have become corporations, how they have become corporations, and how academics survive within those corporations. In the corporate university, the academic becomes accountable to management and to
students. Collegiality is sacrificed for managerialism, and freedom for accountability. The academic role is inverted. The academic becomes the academic of the production line, producing standardised teaching and research. The paper suggests that the corporate university risks sacrificing too much scholarship and too much
freedom for the principles of the market, thereby diluting the integrity of the university.

"On his way to the Ministry, the Minister learns that there is a new hospital in Northern London that is staffed with 500 administrators and ancillary workers, but has no doctors, nurses or patients. The Minister is aghast."
From The Compassionate Society. Yes Minister, BBC (1981).
Acute Renal Injury: Revisited
Authors: El-Reshaid Kamel , Al-Bader Shaikha 
Published: July 2020

Acute kidney injury (AKI) indicates its abrupt deterioration and is defined as an increase in serum creatinine more than the baseline by > 26 umol/L within 48 hours or > 50% within 1 week. The latter since glomerular failure is the life-threatening one with: (a) uremic intoxication, (b) water and salt retention with fluid overload, and (c) potassium accumulation with cardiac arrest. The etiology can be pre-renal, post-renal or intrinsic. Diagnosis is established by history of new insults, physical examination for hydration status, systemic stability and manifestations of autoimmune diseases/infections as well as an initial laboratory testing for renal function (serum creatinine, electrolytes and urine routine) and kidney ultrasound. Additional specific tests are indicated to assess etiology of AKI and its associated co-morbid conditions that interacts with its management. Severity of AKI ranges from mild (stage 1) to advanced (stage 5) that requires dialytic support. Moreover, it depends on the type and duration of the insult. Prognosis depends on etiology of AKI, its co-morbid conditions and the timely interventions by the supportive medical team.
Keywords: acute, causes, epidemiology, injury, kidney, management.