bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the key genes associated with chemotherapy sensitivity in ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Zheng Hui , Zhang Meiqin , Ma Shuang , Yang Wenting , Xie Suhong , Wang Yanchun , Liu Yixuan , Kai Jinyan , Ma Qian , Lu Renquan , Guo Lin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOvarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecological cancer. The absence of biomarkers in early detection and chemotherapy resistance is a principal cause of treatment failure in OC.MethodsIn this study, next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to sequence the mRNA of 44 OC patients including 14 chemotherapy insensitive and 18 sensitive patients. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from OC patients (compared with healthy controls) and chemotherapy sensitive patients (compared with chemotherapy insensitive patients) were identified by edgeR v3.12.0 in R v3.2.2, which were enriched using Gene Ontology (GO) database and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG). The common DEGs in cancer occurring and chemotherapy sensitivity were further screened. Among them, genes participating in chemotherapy sensitivity associated pathways were regarded as chemotherapy sensitivity‐related key genes. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to verify the expression of the key genes.ResultsWe found 1588 DEGs between OC patients and healthy controls (HCs), which were mainly enriched in cell cycle pathway. Meanwhile, 249 DEGs were identified between chemotherapy sensitive and insensitive OC patients, which were mainly enriched in MAPK signaling pathway, ERBB signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and IL‐17 signaling pathway. Thirty‐five DEGs were shared in chemotherapy sensitivity group and cancer occurring group. Among them, there are five genes (JUND, JUNB, MUC5B, NRG1, and NR4A1) participating in the above four chemotherapy sensitivity‐related pathways. It is remarkable that JUND is in the upstream of MUC5B in IL‐17 signaling pathway and their expressions were verified by qPCR and IHC.ConclusionsThe expression levels of the key genes related to chemotherapy sensitivity might be used as biomarkers to predict the treatment outcome and as a target to improve prognosis.
Nasal polyps with osseous metaplasia: A misunderstood situation
Authors: Mat Quentin , Mehta Rupal , Tainmont Sophie , Duterme Jean‐Pierre 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOsseous metaplasia in nasal polyps is rare but benign. To exclude dangerous lesions, sending the entirety of histological samples is mandatory in cases presenting with clustered densities on CT scan. Microdebrider should not be used for this surgery.
Conjunctive Photoluminescence Enhancement Through Plasmonic and Photonic Band‐Gap Pathways in a Chiral Self‐Assembled System
Authors: Baral Marlin , Krishna Prasad S. , Bhat Sachin A. , Nayak Rashmi A. , Yelamaggad C. V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe describe two parallel pathways for enhancing the intrinsic photoluminescence of an organic emitter dispersed in a liquid crystal (LC) medium. The pathways have independent origins: (i) Metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) incorporating gold nanoparticles having an organic shell of pro‐mesogenic cholesterol esters; and (ii) Matching the photonic band gap (PBG) due to the helical structure in a self‐assembled chiral system with the excitation wavelength. This unprecedented combination of both pathways achieves a level of photoluminescence exceeding the sum of the contribution from the individual methods. This conjunctive protocol results in an overall enhancement by a factor of 37 between the emitter dispersed in a non‐chiral LC and that appealing to both MEF and PBG pathways. Circular polarized luminescence measurements also show that this protocol helps in effective discrimination of chiral light achieving a large dissymmetry factor whose magnitude (+0.33) is comparable to the highest recorded to date. Electric field switching between two states is also shown to result in appreciable fluorescence modulation. Being generic in nature the protocol employed can be adapted to a variety of situations with the large magnitude as well the modulation level suitable for applications such as biosensors, various analyte detection, and other photonic devices.
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography in 2 D Liquid Chromatography Characterization of Lignosulfonates
Authors: Musl Oliver , Sulaeva Irina , Bacher Markus , Mahler A. Kai , Rosenau Thomas , Potthast Antje 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLignosulfonates are bulk‐scale byproducts of industrial sulfite pulping. Their amphiphilic character plays a central role in their successful application in large‐scale materials production. As an inherent feature of the chemical structure, this amphiphilic character poses a major analytical challenge. In this study, the amphiphilic behavior of an industrial lignosulfonate was investigated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). This technique exploits hydrophobic regions present on the surface of lignosulfonates. Extensive characterization of the obtained fractions from preparative HIC, in terms of elemental composition, functional‐group content, chemical structure, and molecular weight distribution, revealed a detailed picture of the chemical composition distribution. The charge‐to‐size ratio, that is, differences in the degree of sulfonation, was the dominant factor governing separation in HIC. A combination of HIC with size exclusion chromatography showed good orthogonality of separation and demonstrated the power of this 2 D liquid chromatography approach for an in‐depth characterization, in general, and amphiphilicity, in particular.
Why Challenge Trials of SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccines Could Be Ethical Despite Risk of Severe Adverse Events
Authors: Eyal Nir 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTHuman challenge trials to test the efficacy of vaccine candidates against SARS‐CoV‐2, the novel coronavirus behind Covid‐19, could save considerable time and many lives. But they may initially seem unethical because they expose healthy volunteers to a live virus that is killing many people and for which no cure exists. This article argues that this is not the correct test of their ethics. The correct test is comparative. And in the special circumstances of the Covid‐19 pandemic, human challenge trials meet the correct test better than standard efficacy testing would.
Evolutionary history drives aspects of stoichiometric niche variation and functional effects within a guild
Authors: Atkinson Carla L. , van Ee Brian C. , Pfeiffer John M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFunctional traits are characteristics of an organism that represents how it interacts with its environment and can influence the structure and function of ecosystems. Ecological stoichiometry provides a framework to understand ecosystem structure and function by modeling the coupled flow of elements (e.g. carbon [C], nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P]) between consumers and their environment. Animals tend to be homeostatic in their nutrient requirements and preferentially sequester the element in shortest supply relative to demand, and release relatively more of the element in excess. Tissue stoichiometry is an important functional trait that allows for predictions among the elemental composition of animals, their diet, and their waste products, with important effects on the cycling and availability of nutrients in ecosystems. Here, we examined the tissue stoichiometric niches (C:N:P) and nutrient recycling stoichiometries (N:P) of several filter‐feeding freshwater mussels in the subfamily Ambleminae. Despite occupying the same functional‐feeding group and being restricted to a single subfamily‐level radiation, we found that species occupied distinct stoichiometric niches and that these niches varied, in part, as a function of their evolutionary history. The relationship between phylogenetic divergence and functional divergence suggests that evolutionary processes may be shaping niche complementarity and resource partitioning. Tissue and excretion stoichiometry were negatively correlated as predicted by stoichiometric theory. When scaled to the community, higher species richness and phylogenetic diversity resulted in greater functional evenness and reduced functional dispersion. Filter‐feeding bivalves are an ecologically important guild in freshwater ecosystems globally, and our study provides a more nuanced view of the stoichiometric niches and ecological functions performed by this phylogenetically and ecologically diverse assemblage.
Macroinvertebrate community diversity and habitat quality relationships along a large river from targeted eDNA metabarcode assays
Authors: Marshall Nathaniel T. , Stepien Carol A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpecies compositions and diversity levels of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities provide important indicators of ecosystem health. However, such community analyses typically are limited by time and effort of sampling, sorting, and identifications, as well as morphological character uncertainty for some taxa, especially at early life stages. Our objective was to evaluate a suite of targeted metabarcode high‐throughput sequencing assays to characterize the macroinvertebrate communities (specifically targeting Annelida, Bryozoa, Crustacea, Insecta, and Mollusca) from environmental (e)DNA water samples along 160 km of the Maumee River, OH (a major Lake Erie, Laurentian Great Lakes tributary). Multiple alpha (richness, Shannon Index, and Simpson's Index) and beta (Bray–Curtis and Sørensen dissimilarities) diversity metrics from the metabarcode assays were compared with an Invertebrate Community Index (ICI) metric calculated from traditional morphological sampling surveys conducted by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency. The 15 Maumee River sites varied in their ICI scores (ranging from 4 to 46), with seven sites rated as “poor” or “very poor” and eight scoring “fair” or “good.” Metabarcoding assays yielded greater gamma richness, delineating 181 Operational Taxonomic Units versus 172 taxa from morphology (the latter often limited to family or genus‐level identifications). Both datasets supported similar river‐wide trends, with comparable gamma, alpha, and beta diversity patterns and community compositions across habitat types and habitat quality scores. Metabarcode assays revealed similar detection of important bioindicator Insecta, but missed most Trichoptera (caddisflies). eDNA identified eight aquatic invasive species on the GLANSIS (Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Information System) list, including three missed by the morphological surveys (Branchiura sowerbyi, Potamothrix bedoti, and Skistodiaptomus pallidus; with Lophopodella carteri, Faxonius rusticus, Corbicula fluminea, Dreissena polymorpha, and Valvata piscinalis in both datasets). Findings illustrate the utility of eDNA sampling and targeted metabarcode assays to enhance and complement environmental assessments of aquatic ecosystems.
Consideration of generating mechanism of the overvoltage between the ground wires in a building struck directly by lightning
Authors: Ogiso Masato , Komori Syunya , Yasui Shinji , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigated the mechanism by which a lightning strike generates overvoltage at a building's distribution board. We analyzed the overvoltage using Virtual Surge Test Lab (VSTL) electromagnetic analysis software and constructed a simplified mathematical model for calculating the overvoltage. The results confirmed that the overvoltage generated at the distribution board is not affected by the arrangement of the ground wires. The overvoltage is instead dominated by the potential difference between the ground electrodes, which is determined by the potential distribution in the surrounding ground. The overvoltage was calculated by the potential interferometry at steady state of the ground potential distribution. The calculated results of the overvoltages differed within ±10% from the analyzed results.
Better connected, more reputable? On the association between node centrality and academic reputation in the European Union research and innovation networks
Authors: Calignano Giuseppe 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTReputation is often overlooked in the geography of innovation studies, but may represent a relevant outcome of the participation in multi‐scalar research and innovation networks. To date, a limited number of studies have outlined how collaborations in inter‐organizational networks contribute to build academic reputation and scientific excellence, generally without distinguishing between the two concepts. This paper aims at assessing to what extent the degree of participation in the European Union nanotechnology network contributes to determine the reputation of universities as captured by renowned university rankings. Reputation is conceptualized as either the opinion of other academics about a given university (“academic reputation”) or scientific achievements (“scientific excellence”). The findings presented in this paper suggest that cooperation in international inter‐organizational networks is not only essential for securing research funds and acquiring new relevant knowledge but also for positively contributing to shape academic reputation and enhance scientific excellence.
Oxidative conversion of lignin isolated from wheat straw into aromatic compound catalyzed by NaOH/NaAlO2
Authors: Luo Ke‐Hui , Zhao Si‐Jiu , Fan Guo‐Zhi , Cheng Qun‐Peng , Chai Bo , Song Guang‐Sen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLignin was isolated from wheat straw via organosolv process and further transferred to monophenolic compounds via oxidative conversion. Wheat straw lignin (WSL) with purity at 91.4 wt% was acquired in the presence of heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst of Amberlyst‐45. WSL was characterized by infrared spectrometer (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) including 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The results showed that WSL possesses typical syringyl (S), guaiacyl (G), and p‐hydroxyphenyl (H) units, and it is mainly composed of S and G units. The product distribution was dependent on the composition of WSL. Derivatives from S and G units were found to be the main products. The oxidative conversion of WSL was performed by varying oxidant and catalyst. Both the formation of monophenolic compounds and aromatic aldehydes were enhanced by combining oxidants and catalysts. The composite catalyst composed of NaOH/NaAlO2 was effective for the oxidation of WSL in the presence of nitrobenzene and atmospheric pressure air. The total yield of monophenolic compounds reached up 18.1%, and yields at 6.3 and 5.7% for syringaldehyde and vanillin were achieved, respectively.
Acellular pericardium: A naturally hierarchical, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive biomaterial for guided bone regeneration
Authors: You Pengyue , Liu Yuhua , Wang Xinzhi , Li Bowen , Wu Weiyi , Tang Lin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is great demand for an improved barrier membrane with osteogenic potential for guided bone regeneration (GBR). Natural acellular porcine pericardium (APP) is increasingly used in regenerative medicine as a kind of common extracellular matrix materials. This study aimed to investigate its potential application in GBR, especially its osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. Bio‐Gide (BG), a commercial collagen membrane, was set as the control group. APP samples were characterized by physicochemical analyses and their biological effects on human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were also examined. Additionally, the osteogenic potential of APP was tested on a bilateral critical‐sized calvarial defect model. We discovered that the smooth surface of APP tended to recruit more hBMSCs. Moreover, promoted proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs was detected on this side of APP, with increased alkaline phosphatase activity and upregulated expression of bone‐specific genes. Besides, the rough side of APP showed good biocompatibility and barrier function with hGFs. Histologic observation and analysis of calvarial defect healing over 4 weeks revealed enhanced bone regeneration under APP compared with BG and the control group. The results of this study indicate that APP is a potential osteoconductive and osteoinductive biomaterial for GBR.
Oral batyl alcohol supplementation rescues decreased cardiac conduction in ether phospholipid‐deficient mice
Authors: Todt Hannes , Dorninger Fabian , Rothauer Peter J. , Fischer Claus M. , Schranz Michael , Bruegger Britta , Lüchtenborg Christian , Ebner Janine , Hilber Karlheinz , Koenig Xaver , Erdem Fatma A. , Gawali Vaibhavkumar S. , Berger Johannes 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlasmalogens (Pls) are a class of membrane phospholipids which serve a number of essential biological functions. Deficiency of Pls is associated with common disorders such as Alzheimer's disease or ischemic heart disease. A complete lack of Pls due to genetically determined defective biosynthesis gives rise to rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP), characterized by a number of severe disabling pathologic features and death in early childhood. Frequent cardiac manifestations of RCDP include septal defects, mitral valve prolapse, and patent ductus arteriosus. In a mouse model of RCDP, reduced nerve conduction velocity was partially rescued by dietary oral supplementation of the Pls precursor batyl alcohol (BA). Here, we examine the impact of Pls deficiency on cardiac impulse conduction in a similar mouse model (Gnpat KO). In‐vivo electrocardiographic recordings showed that the duration of the QRS complex was significantly longer in Gnpat KO mice than in age‐ and sex‐matched wild‐type animals, indicative of reduced cardiac conduction velocity. Oral supplementation of BA for 2 months resulted in normalization of cardiac Pls levels and of the QRS duration in Gnpat KO mice but not in untreated animals. BA treatment had no effect on the QRS duration in age‐matched wild‐type mice. These data suggest that Pls deficiency is associated with increased ventricular conduction time which can be rescued by oral BA supplementation.
Effects of methylprednisolone use on viral genomic nucleic acid negative conversion and CT imaging lesion absorption in COVID‐19 patients under 50 years old
Authors: Gong Yuan , Guan Li , Jin Zhu , Chen Shixiong , Xiang Guangming , Gao Baoan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of corticosteroids has been controversial in viral pneumonia. In most cases, application of methylprednisolone in severe and critical viral pneumonia patients can quickly alleviate the symptoms of dyspnea and prevent disease progression. However, some scholars have confirmed that corticosteroids delayed the body's clearance of the virus. In our retrospective non‐randomized study, 34 patients under 50 years old and diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) were included. According to the given methylprednisolone treatment (n = 18) or not (n = 16), they were separated into two groups. By comparing the clinical data we concluded that corticosteroids therapy can effectively release COVID‐19 symptoms such as persistent fever and difficult in breathing, improve oxygenation, and prevent disease progression. However, it can prolong the negative conversion of nucleic acids.
MRL/MpJ tendon matrix‐derived therapeutic promotes improved healing outcomes in scar‐mediated canonical tendon healing
Authors: Paredes Juan , Pekmezian Ashley , Andarawis‐Puri Nelly 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTendons are commonly injured connective soft tissues characterized by an ineffective healing response that results in scar formation and loss of functional and structural properties. Naturally occurring extracellular matrix (ECM) constructs have become a promising therapeutic for tendon injuries due to their capacity to harness a complex biological environment. However, in tendon, the ECM properties needed for improved healing remain unknown. Interestingly, we have determined that the improved tendon healing response of the scarless‐healing MRL/MpJ is driven by intrinsic properties with therapeutic potential to modulate the proliferative and morphological behavior of cells derived from a canonically healing model in vitro. We hypothesize that a distinct composition of ECM deposited during the early healing response of the MRL/MpJ will harnesses the biological cues to stimulate improved structure and function in vivo of canonically healing B6 mice. Accordingly, MRL/MpJ and B6 patellar tendons were injured via midsubstance punch defects. Healing tendons were isolated after 3 or 7 days and encapsulated in PEG‐4MAL hydrogels to develop ECM‐derived therapeutic constructs. Constructs were then introduced into B6 mice as a treatment following full thickness midsubstance‐punch injuries. Treatment with ECM‐derived constructs from MRL/MpJ tendons after 7‐days post‐injury (M7) resulted in improved matrix alignment, tissue stiffness, decreased collagen III content and improved cell morphology in B6 tendons after 6 weeks post‐injury. Furthermore, proteomic analysis showed that M7 contained a unique compositional profile rich in glycoproteins, thereby elucidating a valuable naturally‐derived platform for the treatment of tendon injuries. Overall this work highlights promising targets for future therapeutic development and tissue engineering applications.
Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Parameters for the Detection of Fluid Overload in the Prediction of Mortality in Patients Admitted at the Emergency Department
Authors: Kammar‐García Ashuin , Castillo‐Martínez Lilia , Villanueva‐Juárez José Luis , Pérez‐Pérez Anayeli , Rocha‐González Héctor Isaac , Arrieta‐Valencia Jesús , Remolina‐Schlig Miguel , Hernández‐Gilsoul Thierry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundFluid overload (FO) in critically ill patients is associated with increased adverse events. This study aims to compare different bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters that demonstrate FO and their association with 30‐day mortality in critical patients admitted to the emergency department (ED).MethodsFive components of the BIA were obtained by multifrequency device—total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), resistance (R), and reactance (Xc)—to calculate parameters (impedance vectors, impedance ratio, and the ratios of ECW to TBW, ECW to ICW, ECW to body surface area, TBW to height2, ICW to height2, Xc to height, and R to height) that have been used for the detection of FO. A concordance analysis (κ) was performed comparing every parameter with each other. Furthermore, different regression models (Cox regression) were created associating the FO for each parameter with 30‐day mortality, adjusted for age, body mass index, sex, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and serum albumin level.ResultsA total of 142 patients were included in the study. Only FO by impedance vector analysis (relative risk [RR] = 6.4; 95% CI, 1.5–27.9; P = .01), impedance ratio (RR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1–7.1; P = .04), and R (RR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2–5.5; P = .02) increased the probability of 30‐day mortality.ConclusionsDifferent parameters that determine FO by BIA were associated with the mortality of patients admitted to the ED, but the impedance vector analysis was superior to any other parameter of the BIA.