bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobility of Chromium, Copper and Arsenic in Amended Chromated Copper Arsenate Contaminated Soils
Authors: Nakiguli Caroline Kiwanuka , Ojok Walter , Omara Timothy , Wasswa John , Ntambi Emmanuel 
Published: September 2020

Aim: The use of copper-based preservatives such as chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and creosote to prolong the life of lumber present environmental concerns because they contain heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are toxic to humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sewage sludge biosolid amendment on the distribution and mobility of chromium, copper and arsenic in chromated copper arsenate contaminated soils subjected to phytoremediation using maize (Zea mays L.).
Place and Duration of the Study: Random composite soil samples from Kitetika wood factory, Wakiso, Uganda and sewage sludge biosolid from National Water and Sewerage Corporation plant in Bugolobi, Kampala, Uganda were collected and prepared. Maize grains were obtained from FICA Seeds Limited (Uganda). The pot experiments and analysis of samples were done at Mbarara University of Science and Technology (Mbarara) and Directorate of Government Analytical Laboratory, Kampala (Uganda), respectively.
Methodology: The fresh CCA contaminated soils and sewage sludge biosolid were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metals (chromium, copper and arsenic). Sewage sludge biosolid was added to 1 kg of the contaminated soils at 5-25% (w/w) in 2 L plastic containers, watered and maintained at 25 ℃ for 14 days to stabilize. Controls were set up with unamended soils. Thereafter, maize was planted in the potted soils for 40 days. The concentrations of the trace metals in the soils were determined after 20 and 40 days of maize growth by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Results: The concentrations of chromium, copper and arsenic in fresh CCA contaminated soils were 365.8 ± 6.18 mg/kg, 109.72 ± 14.04 mg/kg and 28.22 ± 3.8 mg/kg, respectively. Basing on mobility factor, bioavailability of the trace metals followed the chemical sequence copper (8.9%) < chromium (17.1%) < arsenic (30.2%).
Conclusion: The maize variety experimented could be used to phytoextract or phytostabilize the trace metals in the CCA contaminated soils without or with 5-25% amendment. Amendment with sewage sludge biosolid improved the phytoremediation potential of maize. Arsenic was the most mobile and bioavailable metal in CCA contaminated soils. Further studies should use other local maize varieties such as Longe series.
Two-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) of the Effect of Parity on Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area of Pregnant Women
Authors: Happiness Inamete, Emem Ndah , Emmanuel Biu, O. 
Published: September 2020

Aims: In the determination of the effect of Parity on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Surface Area (BSA).
Study Design: Pregnant Women Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Surface Area (BSA) measurements, Number were used in this study.
Place and Duration of Study: The data on the various measurements on pregnant women were collected from the Radiology department of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.
Methodology: The Two-way Classification Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was employed to obtain the MANOVA test statistics for Wilk’s, Pillai, Lawley-Hotelling and Roy’s Largest Root.
Results: Results showed that the MANOVA test statistics for Wilk’s statistics showed no significant effect for the Parity level categorized on BMI (Factor A) and the Parity level categorized on BMI and BSA (Factor AB), while Lawley-Hotelling Root test showed no significant effect for the effect of the Parity level categorized on BSA (Factor B). However, two MANOVA test statistics (Pillai and Roy’s Largest Root statistics) gave significant effect on BMI or BSA or both (or all Factors A, B and AB). These results confirmed that the effect of the Parity level has a significant effect on BMI or BSA or both in terms of the categories (normal, overweight and obese). These results are in agreement with known results by medical practitioners.
The Efficiency of Calcium Boron and Carpox-K Sprays on Fruit Quality of Washington Navel Orange Trees
Authors: Khwaga A. A. EL- , Latif F. M. Abd El- , Baiea M. H. M. , Gioushy S. F. EL- 
Published: September 2020

This research was conducted during seasons 2018 & 2019 on nine-years-old Washington navel orange trees. These trees were grafted on Sour orange rootstock, planted at 5 x 5 meters apart, under surface irrigation conditions, in a private orchard at Manzala village, Toukh region, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt. The seven treatments were used for comparison as follows: T1-100% of chemical NPK (NPK fertilization program adopted at 5, 3 and 1 kg/tree from (NH4)2SO4, superphosphate and K2SO4, respectively) according to the Ministry of Agriculture Recommendation (Control or recommended doses RD). T2-RD+Calcium boron 2 cm3 /L; T3-RD+Calcium boron 3 cm3/L; T4-RD+Carpox-K 1g/L; T5-RD+Carpox-K 1.5g/L; T6-RD+Calcium boron 2 cm3 /L +Carpox-K 1g/L, and T7-RD+Calcium boron 3 cm3/L +Carpox-K 1.5g/L. The main goal of this investigation was directed towards increasing Washington navel orange fruit quality. The obtained data revealed that all investigated treatments increased fruit quality parameters (physical and chemical properties). However, T7- RD + Calcium boron 3 cm3 /L + Carpox-K 1.5g/L was statistically superior. On the contrary, T1- Control or recommended doses (RD) ranked statistically the lowest treatment in this concern. From the obtained results, It can be concluded that the use of RD+ Calcium boron 3 cm3 / L + Carpox-K 1.5g / L or RD+ Calcium boron 2 cm3/ L + Carpox-K 1g / L could be safely recommended under similar environmental and horticultural practises adopted in this experiment.
Aspects of the Chemical Energetics of Species with Carbon–Boron Bonds and Related Compounds
Authors: Slayden Suzanne W. , Liebman Joel F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss selected energetics and thermochemical aspects of species with carbon–boron bonds. Although they lack a carbon–boron bond, atomic boron, its anion, and binary metal borides—the hypothetical alkali metal borides MB—and structurally complex metal borides are briefly introduced. Consideration of species with carbon–boron bonds begins with binary species such as the gas‐phase diatomic BC and the solid B
4
C and proceeds to the highly reactive methyl and phenyl derivatives of univalent borylene, BH. The question of regular behavior as homologous series is addressed for the relatively stable and long‐known classes of compounds, trialkylboranes and carboranes, with their normal (threefold) and higher boron‐coordination numbers. Trivalent boron and nitrogen species are then compared, first as organoboranes and amines, then as their organoborate and ammonium ions, and also as their “dimer” anions and cations. Pyridine borane complexes are likewise discussed and compared with benzene derivatives. Species with boron in the ring, borabenzenes and their amine complexes, are much more poorly understood. However, aromatic derivatives with both boron and nitrogen in the ring have evinced considerable interest, and the derivatives of the isomeric 1,2‐, 1,3‐, and 1,4‐azaborinines are described at some length. The chapter closes with species that contain oxygen along with boron, carbon, and hydrogen. Borane carbonyl (BH
3
CO), boronic acid derivatives, and boroxines are discussed.
Reentrant Spin Glass and Large Coercive Field Observed in a Spin Integer Dimerized Honeycomb Lattice
Authors: Zhai Yuan‐Qi , Deng Yi‐Fei , Fu Zhendong , Feng Erxi , Su Yixi , Shiga Takuya , Oshio Hiroki , Zheng Yan‐Zhen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract2D magnetic materials with dimerized honeycomb lattices can be treated as mixed‐spin square lattices, in which a quantum phase transition may occur to realize the Bose–Einstein condensation of magnons under reachable experimental conditions. However, this has never been successfully realized with integer spin centers. Herein, a spin integer (S = 2) dimerized honeycomb lattice in an iron(II)‐azido compound [Fe(4‐etpy)2(N3)2]n (FEN, 4‐etpy = 4‐ethylpyridine) is realized. Morphology characterization by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy spectroscopies show that the thinnest place of the sample is ≈13 nm, which is equal to ten layers of the compound. In contrast to the common magnetic properties of long‐range magnetic ordering, Mössbauer and polarized neutron scattering studies reveal that FEN exhibits a reentrant spin glass behavior owing to competing ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic exchange‐coupling interactions within the lattice. Two spin glass phases with disparate canting angles are characterized at 39 and 28 K, respectively. By using Curély's model, two exchange‐coupling constants (J1 = +35.8 cm−1 and J2 = −3.7 cm−1) can be simulated. Moreover, a very large coercive field of ≈1.9 Tesla is observed at 2 K, making FEN a “very hard” van der Waals 2D magnetic material.
Digital Laser Micropainting for Reprogrammable Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Lee Younggeun , Kwon Jinhyeong , Lim Jaemook , Shin Wooseop , Park Sewoong , Hwang Eunseung , Shin Jaeho , Cho Hyunmin , Jung Jinwook , Kim Hyun‐Jong , Han Seungyong , Lee Habeom , Son Yong , Ha Cheol Woo , Prabhakaran Prem , Yeo Junyeob , Ko Seung Hwan , Hong Sukjoon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStructural coloration is closely related to the progress of innovative optoelectronic applications, but the absence of direct, on‐demand, and rewritable coloration schemes has impeded advances in the relevant area, particularly including the development of customized, reprogrammable optoelectronic devices. To overcome these limitations, a digital laser micropainting technique, based on controlled thin‐film interference, is proposed through direct growth of the absorbing metal oxide layer on a metallic reflector in the solution environment via a laser. A continuous‐wave laser simultaneously performs two functions—a photothermal reaction for site‐selective metal oxide layer growth and in situ real‐time monitoring of its thickness—while the reflection spectrum is tuned in a broad visible spectrum according to the laser fluence. The scalability and controllability of the proposed scheme is verified by laser‐printed painting, while altering the thickness via supplementary irradiation of the identical laser in the homogeneous and heterogeneous solutions facilitates the modification of the original coloration. Finally, the proof‐of‐concept bolometer device verifies that specific wavelength‐dependent photoresponsivity can be assigned, erased, and reassigned by the successive application of the proposed digital laser micropainting technique, which substantiates its potential to offer a new route for reprogrammable optoelectronic applications.
Cucurbiturils‐Mediated Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Applications in Sensing, SERS, Theranostics, and Catalysis
Authors: Tan Li‐Li , Wei Mengying , Shang Li , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNoble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs), which spring up like mushrooms, are gaining momentum owing to their unique physicochemical characteristics. Cucurbiturils, a class of synthetic macrocycles with intriguing and peculiar host–guest properties, have stimulated tremendous research interest in recent years. The marriage of NMNPs with cucurbiturils is expected to integrate and enhance the excellent characteristics of both components, e.g., precisely controlled particle size, stability, assembly, surface functionality, biocompatibility, tunable optical properties, and high catalytic activities. This review systematically outlines the recent progress on the fabricating strategies and important applications of cucurbiturils‐mediated NMNPs in sensing, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, theranostics, and catalysis. A brief outlook on the future development of cucurbiturils‐mediated NMNPs is also presented.
Recent Progress in Engineering the Atomic and Electronic Structure of Electrocatalysts via Cation Exchange Reactions
Authors: Ling Tao , Jaroniec Mietek , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the past few decades, tremendous advances have been made in electrocatalysis due to the rational design of electrocatalysts at the nanoscale level. Further development requires engineering electrocatalysts at the atomic level, which is a grand challenge. Here, the recent advances in cation exchange strategy, which is a powerful tool for fine‐tuning atomic structure of electrocatalysts via surface faceting, heteroatom doping, defects formation, and strain modulation, are the main focus. Proper atomic structure engineering effectively adjusts the electronic structure, and thus enhances the electronic conductivity and facilitates the adsorption/desorption of reaction intermediates. By virtue, the cation exchange strategy greatly boosts the intrinsic and apparent activities of electrocatalysts and shows a great potential toward design of new energy conversion devices, such as water splitting devices and metal–air batteries. It is believed that cation exchange offers new insights and opportunities for the rational design of a new generation of electrocatalysts.
Bubble Control, Levitation, and Manipulation Using Dielectrophoresis
Authors: Brown Carl V. , Edwards Andrew M. J. , Roberts Abigail , Newton Michael I. , Sage Ian C. , Ledesma‐Aguilar Rodrigo , McHale Glen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBubbles attached to surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and in industry. However, bubbles are problematic in important technologies, including causing damage to the operation of microfluidic devices and being parasitic during heat transfer processes, so considerable efforts have been made to develop mechanical and electrical methods to remove bubbles from surfaces. In this work, liquid dielectrophoresis is used to force a captive air bubble to detach away from an inverted solid surface and, crucially, the detached bubble is then held stationary in place below the surface at a distance controlled by the voltage. In this “levitated” state, the bubble is separated from the surface by liquid layer with a voltage‐selected thickness at which the dielectrophoresis force exactly counterbalances the gravitational buoyancy force. The techniques described here provide exceptional command over repeatable cycles of bubble detachment, levitation, and reattachment. A theoretical analysis is presented that explains the observed detachment–reattachment hysteresis in which bubble levitation is maintained with voltages in an order of magnitude lower than those used to create detachment. The precision surface bubble removal and control concepts are relevant to situations such as nucleate boiling and microgravity environments and offer an approach toward “wall‐less” bubble microfluidic devices.
KEAP1 Mutations Drive Tumorigenesis by Suppressing SOX9 Ubiquitination and Degradation
Authors: Shao Na , Huang Hong , Idris Muhammad , Peng Xu , Xu Feng , Dong Shiwu , Liu Chungang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe transcription factor SOX9 is frequently amplified in diverse advanced‐stage human tumors. Its stability has been shown to be tightly controlled by ubiquitination‐dependent proteasome degradation. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This work reports that SOX9 protein abundance is regulated by the Cullin 3‐based ubiquitin ligase KEAP1 via proteasome‐mediated degradation. Loss‐of‐function mutations in KEAP1 compromise polyubiquitination‐mediated SOX9 degradation, leading to increased protein levels, which facilitate tumorigenesis. Moreover, the loss of critical ubiquitination residues in SOX9, by either a SOX9 (ΔK2) truncation or K249R mutation, leads to elevated protein stability. Furthermore, it is shown that the KEAP1/SOX9 interaction is modulated by CKIγ‐mediated phosphorylation. Importantly, it is demonstrated that DNA damage drugs, topoisomerase inhibitors, can trigger CKI activation to restore the KEAP1/SOX9 interaction and its consequent degradation. Collectively, herein the findings uncover a novel molecular mechanism through which SOX9 protein stability is negatively regulated by KEAP1 to control tumorigenesis. Thus, these results suggest that mitigating SOX9 resistance to KEAP1‐mediated degradation can represent a novel therapeutic strategy for cancers with KEAP1 mutations.
Recent Progress and Perspective of Advanced High‐Energy Co‐Less Ni‐Rich Cathodes for Li‐Ion Batteries: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
Authors: Choi Ji Ung , Voronina Natalia , Sun Yang‐Kook , Myung Seung‐Taek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the ever‐increasing requirement for high‐energy density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) to drive pure/hybrid electric vehicles (EVs), considerable attention has been paid to the development of cathode materials with high energy densities because they ultimately determine the energy density of LIBs. Notably, the cost of cathode materials is still the main obstacle hindering the extensive application of EVs, with the cost accounting for 40% of the total cost of fabricating LIBs. Therefore, enhancing the energy density and simultaneously decreasing the cost of LIBs are essential for the success of EV/hybrid EV industries. Among the existing commercial cathodes, Ni‐rich layered cathodes are widely employed because of their high energy density, relatively good rate capability, and reasonable cycling performance. Ni‐rich layered cathodes containing Co are now being reconsidered due to the increasing price of Co, which is much higher than that of Ni and Mn. In this report, the recent developments and strategies in the improvement of the stabilities of the bulk and surface for Co‐less Ni‐rich layered cathode materials are reviewed.
Mn2+ Ions Confined by Electrode Microskin for Aqueous Battery beyond Intercalation Capacity
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhi Jian , Sedighi Mina , Han Mei , Shi Qiuyu , Wu Yan , Chen P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn aqueous rechargeable zinc–manganese dioxide batteries (ZMBs), some irreversible side reactions, such as Mn2+ dissolution, often lead to capacity fading over cycling. These side reactions play a crucial role in the capacity and cycle performance of the battery. The implementation of a bionic electrode microskin (EMS) composed of collagen hydrolysate to convert the irreversible side reactions into reversible reactions is reported. The proposed EMS effectively adsorbs and confines the Mn2+ ions around the cathode through van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, and/or ionic interactions, which makes the MnO2/Mn2+ reactions reversible during the charge/discharge process. Such Mn2+ dissolution reactions, with an ultrahigh theoretical capacity (617 mAh g‐1), contribute a large amount of capacity, ≈44% of the total specific capacity at a low scan rate. Based on these fundamental findings, the assembled ZMBs with an EMS display an unprecedented discharge capacity of 415 mAh g‐1 at 20 mA g‐1, which overcomes the theoretical capacity (308 mAh g‐1) limitation of the Zn2+ intercalation mechanism. More significantly, the EMS on all α‐, β‐, and γ‐MnO2 cathodes exhibits similar high capacity beyond the theoretical capacity of Zn intercalation and capacity retention enhancement after 3000 cycles.
Formation of NiCo Alloy Nanoparticles on Co Doped Al2O3 Leads to High Fuel Production Rate, Large Light‐to‐Fuel Efficiency, and Excellent Durability for Photothermocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wu Shaowen , Li Yuanzhi , Zhang Qian , Hu Qianqian , Wu Jichun , Zhou Chongyang , Zhao Xiujian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnique nanocomposites of NiCo alloy nanoparticles with Ni/Co molar ratios of 1.86, 1.60, and 0.38 supported on Co‐doped Al2O3 nanosheets are prepared by a facile approach. Very high fuel production rates of CO (rCO) and H2 (rH2) (70.53 and 63.46 mmol min−1 g−1) and light‐to‐fuel efficiency (η, 29.7%) are achieved via photothermocatalytic CO2 reduction by methane (CRM) on Ni1.60Co/Co‐Al2O3 simply utilizing focused UV‐visible‐infrared (UV‐vis‐IR) illumination. Ni1.60Co/Co‐Al2O3 also demonstrates high rCO and rH2 values (50.99 and 39.72 mmol min−1 g−1) as well as high η value (26.3%) under λ > 560 nm focused vis‐IR illumination. The high photothermocatalytic activity is derived from the light‐driven thermocatalytic CRM. A novel photoactivation is found to substantially promote the light‐driven thermocatalytic CRM due to the apparent activation energy being considerably reduced upon illumination. It is found that the Ni/Co molar ratio in the NiCo/Co‐Al2O3 samples has an important effect on the photothermocatalytic durability. The samples of Ni1.60Co/Co‐Al2O3 and Ni1.86Co/Co‐Al2O3 with a higher Ni/Co molar ratio demonstrate excellent photothermocatalytic durability, while the Ni0.38Co/Co‐Al2O3 with a lower Ni/Co molar ratio has less durability. This is attributed to carbon deposition rate being significantly reduced on Ni1.60Co/Co‐Al2O3 and Ni1.86Co/Co‐Al2O3 as compared to its single metal counterparts.
The Economics of Groundwater Governance Institutions across the Globe
Authors: Edwards Eric C. , Guilfoos Todd 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article provides an economic framework for understanding the emergence and purpose of groundwater governance across the globe. We examine ten basins located on six continents via an integrated assessment along three dimensions: characteristics of the groundwater resource; externality problems; and governance institutions. Groundwater governance addresses local externalities to balance the benefits of reducing common pool losses with the costs of doing so. While broad, basin‐wide solutions to open access pumping are limited, spatially localized externality problems raise the benefits of management actions, allowing for the implementation of more stringent pumping controls in certain areas.
Elemental‐Sulfur‐Enabled Divergent Synthesis of Disulfides, Diselenides, and Polythiophenes from β‐CF3‐1,3‐Enynes
Authors: Jin Shengnan , Li Shi‐Jun , Ma Xingxing , Su Jianke , Chen Haohua , Lan Yu , Song Qiuling 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDivergent synthesis for precise constructions of cyclic unsymmetrical diaryl disulfides or diselenides and polythiophenes from CF3‐containing 1,3‐enynes and S8 was developed when the ortho group is F, Cl, Br, and NO2 on aromatic rings. Meanwhile, disulfides (diselenides) were also quickly constructed when the ortho group is H. These transformations undergo cascade thiophene construction/selective C3‐position thiolation process, featuring simple operations, divergent synthesis, broad substrate scope, readily available starting materials, and valuable products. A novel plausible radical annulation process was proposed and validated by DFT calculations for the first time. A series of derivatizations about the thiophene (TBT) and disulfides were also well‐represented.
Fabrication of electrical and thermal conductive thermoplastic polyurethanes‐based nanocomposite with azide polyurethane as interfacial compatibilizer
Authors: Guo Junyi , Zhang Chen , Zou Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElectrical and thermal conductive polymers have aroused extensive interest in research recently due to their hi‐tech applications in the fields of novel electronics. A novel electrical and thermal conductive nanocomposite (MWCNTs@PU/TPU) made with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) by using azide polyurethane (PU) as interfacial compatibilizer. The MWNTs could form well‐developed electrical and thermal conductive networks in the TPU matrix. The developed nanocomposite inherited advantageous properties from its constituents, namely the high conductivity and diathermancy from MWNTs, and the high mechanical properties from the TPU. Conductivity tests showed that, compared with neat MWCNTs/TPU, the electrical conductivity of MWCNTs@PU/TPU was significantly enhanced (up to 3.4 × 10−6S/cm), with incorporating only 3.0 wt% MWCNTs@PU. And most importantly, the thermal conductivity was greatly improved by about 46.4% when the MWCNTs@PU loading was 6.0 wt%.