bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of vector borne transmission of Salmonella enterica&nbsp;enterica serovar Gallinarum and fowl typhoid disease mediated by the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778)
Authors: Cocciolo Giulio , Circella Elena , Pugliese Nicola , Lupini Caterina , mescolini Giulia , Catelli Elena , Borchert-Stuhlträger Monika , Zoller Harmut , Thomas Emmanuel , Camarda Antonio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778) is a major ectoparasite of poultry. Infestations are found in most laying hen farms in Europe, and breeder flocks have also been reported to be affected. Mite infestation has detrimental effects on animal welfare, it causes significant economic losses, and, additionally, D. gallinae is often considered as a vector for pathogens. Despite suspicion of a close relationship between the poultry red mite and Salmonella enterica enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum ( S. Gallinarum), the causative agent of fowl typhoid disease (FT), there has been no definitive proof of mite-mediated transmission. Therefore, an investigation was conducted to determine if D. gallinae -mediated transmission of S. Gallinarum could be demonstrated among four different hen groups. Methods: Two groups of 8 hens (A and B) were experimentally infected with S. Gallinarum in two isolators. After 7 days, when birds showed signs of FT, about 25,000 mites were introduced. After 3 days, mites were harvested and used to infest two other hen groups of 8 (C and D), in two separate isolators. The health status of hens was constantly monitored; detection and quantification of S. Gallinarum were performed by PCR and qPCR from mites and organs of dead hens. The maximum likelihood estimation of the infection rate and mite vectorial capacity were calculated. Results: Clinical disease was observed in groups infected with S. Gallinarum (A and B) and in hens of groups C and D infested with mites harvested from the isolators containing groups A and B. In all 4 groups, S. Gallinarum was detected from liver, spleen, ovary, and cecum of hens, thus confirming the diagnosis of FT. Mite analysis demonstrated the presence of the pathogen, with an estimated infection rate ranging between 13.72 and 55.21 infected per thousand mites. Vectorial capacity was estimated to be 73.79. Conclusions: Mites harvested from birds infected with S. Gallinarum were shown to carry the mite, and then to transfer S . Gallinarum to isolated groups of pathogen-free birds that subsequently showed signs of FT. Mite vectorial capacity was high, demonstrating that D. gallinae should be considered an effective vector of FT.
Beagle dog 90-day oral toxicity study of a novel coccidiostat – ethanamizuril
Authors: Zhang Keyu , Wang Xiaoyang , Wei Shuya , Wang Chunmei , Wang Mi , Liu Yingchun , Zhang Lifang , Xue Feiqun , Tang Shusheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Triazine coccidiostats are widely used in chickens and turkeys for coccidiosis control. Ethanamizuril is a novel triazine compound that exhibits anticoccidial activity in poultry. This study evaluated the subchronic toxicity of ethanamuzuril in beagle dogs administered ethanamizuril by diet at doses of 12, 60 or 300 mg/kg/day for 90 days.Results: Ethanamizuril was well tolerated at low and middle dosages and in these dose groups there were no ethanamizuril related effects on survival, clinical observations, clinical pathology parameters, organs weight, macroscopic or microscopic evaluations. The ethanamizuril related changes were limited to effects on food consumption and histologic changes of kidneys in the 300 mg/kg/day group in both sexes. However, renal lesions resolved in dogs given ethanamizuril at 300 mg/kg/day when evaluated four weeks after the end of exposure.Conclusions: Therefore, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be 60 mg/kg/day, the middle dosage level tested. These results add to the safety database for ethanamizuril with potential for use as a novel coccidiostat.
SKP1 promotes YAP-mediated colorectal cancer stemness via suppressing RASSF1
Authors: Tian Cong , Lang Tingyuan , Qiu Jiangfeng , Han Kun , Zhou Lei , Min Daliu , Zhang Zhiqi , Qi Dachuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been recognized as an important drug target, however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. SKP1 is a traditional drug target for cancer therapy, while, whether SKP1 promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells (CRC-SCs) and the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive.Methods: Human CRC cell lines HCT-116 and HT-29 and primary human colorectal cancer cells were used in this study. Gene manipulation was performed by lentivirus system. The mRNA and protein levels were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Sphere formation and transwell assay were employed for examination of sphere-forming and migration capacities. The self-renewal capacity was determined by limiting dilution assay. The tumorigenicity was examined by xenograft model. The transcriptional activities of the promoters were examined by luciferase reporter assay. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to test protein-protein interaction. The transcription and protein-DNA interaction were examined by nuclear run-on and ChIP-PCR assay. The relationship between gene expression and survival was analyzed by Kaplan-meier analysis. The correlation between two genes was analyzed by Spearman analysis. Data are represented as mean ± s.d. and the significance was determined by Student’s t-test.Results: SKP1 is upregulated in colorectal cancer stem cells and predicts poor prognosis of colon cancer patients. Overexpression of SKP1 promotes the sphere-forming and migration capacities as well as self-renewal of CRC cells, and upregulates the expression of CSCs markers. In contrast, SKP1 depletion produces the opposite effects. SKP1 strengthens YAP activity and knockdown of YAP abolished the effect of SKP1 on the stemness of colorectal cancer cells. SKP1 suppresses RASSF1 at both mRNA and protein levels and overexpression of RASSF1 abolished the effect of SKP1.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that SKP1 suppresses RASSF1 at both mRNA and protein level, attenuates Hippo signaling, activates YAP, and thereby promoting the stemness of CRC cells. Our works thus revealed a novel underlying mechanism of CRC-SCs maintenance and suggested a novel drug target for eradicating CRC-SCs.
Case management after acquired brain injury compared to care as usual: study protocol for a two-year pragmatic randomized controlled superiority trial with two parallel groups
Authors: Stiekema Annemarie , Resch Christine , Donkervoort Mireille , Jansen Natska , Jurrius Kitty HM , Zadoks Judith M , Heugten Caroline M van 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: People with acquired brain injury may suffer from cognitive, emotional and behavioural changes in the long term. Continuity of care is often lacking, leading to a variety of unmet needs and hindering psychosocial functioning from the occurrence of brain injury up to years thereafter. Case management aims to prevent (escalation of) problems and to facilitate timely access to appropriate services. In other populations, case management has shown to improve psychosocial well-being. In this study, we aim to evaluate the feasibility of case management after acquired brain injury and its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, compared to care as usual. Methods: This is a pragmatic randomized controlled superiority trial with two parallel groups and repeated measures in adults with ABI and their family, taking place between November 2019 and December 2021 in three provinces in the Netherlands. Participants will be randomly allocated to either the case management group, receiving case management from hospital discharge up to two years thereafter, or the control group, receiving care as usual. Effectiveness will be evaluated every six months for 18-24 months by patient-reported psychosocial well-being (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation (USER-P) restriction subscale and the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LiSat)), self-management (Patient Activation Measure (PAM)) and care needs (Longer-term Unmet Needs after Stroke (LUNS)). Family outcomes include self-efficacy (Carer Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES)), caregiver burden (Caregiver Strain Index (CSI)), psychosocial well-being (LiSat, HADS), family needs (Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ)). Feasibility will be evaluated using qualitative methods, assessing fidelity, dose delivered, dose received, reach, recruitment and context. Cost-effectiveness will be determined by the EQ-5D-3L and service use.Discussion: At the moment there is no integrated health care service for people with acquired brain injury and their family members in the long-term. If case management is shown to be feasible and (cost)-effective, it could bridge the gap between patients’ and families’ needs and the available services. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register, NL8104. Registered 22 October 2019, https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8104.
Analysis of low-dose estrogen on callus BMD as measured by pQCT in postmenopausal women
Authors: Jäckle Katharina Blanka Dr. , Kolb Jan Philipp , Schilling Arndt F , Schlickewei Carsten , Amling Michael , Rueger Johannes M , Lehmann Wolfgang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis affects elderly patients of both sexes. It is characterized by an increased fracture risk due to defective remodeling of the bone microarchitecture. It affects in particular postmenopausal women due to their decreased levels of estrogen. Preclinical studies with animals demonstrated that loss of estrogen had a negative effect on bone healing and that increasing the estrogen level led to a better bone healing. We asked whether increasing the estrogen level in menopausal patients has a beneficial effect on bone mineral density (BMD) during callus formation after a bone fracture.Methods: To investigate whether estrogen has a beneficial effect on callus BMD of postmenopausal patients, we performed a prospective double-blinded randomized study with 76 patients suffering from distal radius fractures. A total of 31 patients (71.13 years ± 11.99) were treated with estrogen and 45 patients (75.62 years ± 10.47) served as untreated controls. Calculated bone density as well as cortical bone density were determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) prior to and six weeks after the surgery. Comparative measurements were performed at the fractured site and at the corresponding position of the non-fractured arm.Results: We found that unlike with preclinical models, bone fracture healing of human patients was not improved in response to estrogen treatment. Furthermore, we observed no dependence between age-dependent bone tissue loss and constant callus formation in the patients.Conclusions: Transdermally applied estrogen to postmenopausal women, which results in estrogen levels similar to the systemic level of premenopausal women, has no significant beneficial effect on callus BMD as measured by pQCT, as recently shown in preclinical animal models.Trial registration: Low dose estrogen has no significant effect on bone fracture healing measured by pQCT in postmenopausal women, DRKS00019858. Registered 25th November 2019 - Retrospectively registered. Trial registration number DRKS00019858.
Parecoxib alleviates the inflammatory effect of leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma in normal rabbit tendons
Authors: Zhou Ming , Wang Ning , Wang Gang , Jia Zishan , Qi Xiaolei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used to treat tendon injuries. Its therapeutic effect varies depending on the different cell components, and white blood cells (WBCs) may play an important role in this phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how PRP with different concentrations of WBCs affect normal rabbit tendon and assess whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can suppress the catabolic effects of WBCs. Methods: Sixteen adult New Zealand White rabbits were used. Blood samples were collected from each rabbit, and PRP was extracted following two different protocols to obtain leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP) and leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP). LP-PRP or LR-PRP was injected into the patellar tendon of each rabbit, while normal saline (NS) was injected as control. In LR-PRP + NSAID group, Parecoxib was administered after LR-PRP injection. For each group, 2 rabbits were euthanatized at day 5 and 14. The patellar tendons were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A semi-quantitative approach was used to assess the inflammatory response and tendon destruction based on the evaluation of the WBCs, vascularization, fiber structure, and fibrosis. Results: The LR-PRP group exhibited a higher total tendon score than the LP-PRP group at day 5 after PRP injection, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at day 14. For the NSAID group, the tendon score was lower than that of the LR-PRP group both at day 5 and 14. Conclusion: LR-PRP can promote a higher inflammatory response than LP-PRP in the normal rabbit patellar tendon, and this effect can be suppressed by NSAIDs.
IL6/sIL6R REGULATES TNFα-INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS THROUGH MODULATION OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL MECHANISMS
Authors: Valin Alvaro , Rey Manuel J. Del , Municio Cristina , Usategui Alicia , Romero Marina , Fernández-Felipe Jesús , Cañete Juan D. , Blanco Francisco J. , Ruano Yolanda , Criado Gabriel , Pablos José L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The clinical efficacy of specific interleukin-6 inhibitors has confirmed the central role of IL6 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However the local role of IL6, in particular in synovial fibroblasts (SF) as a direct cellular target to IL6/sIL6R signal is not well characterized. The purpose of the study was to characterize the crosstalk between TNFα and IL6/sIL6R signaling to the effector pro-inflammatory response of SF.
Methods: SF lines were stimulated with either TNFα, IL6/sIL6R, or both together, for the time and dose indicated for each experiment, and where indicated, cells were treated with inhibitors actinomycin D, adalimumab, ruxolitinib and cycloheximide. mRNA expression of cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Level of IL8/CXCL8 and CCL8 in culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. Mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells migration assays were assessed by transwell using conditioned medium from SF cultures. Statistical analyses were performed as indicated in the corresponding figure legends and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The stimulation of SF with IL6/sIL6R and TNFa, cooperatively promotes the expression of mono- and lymphocytic chemokines such as IL6, CCL8 and CCL2, as well as matrix degrading enzymes such as MMP1, while inhibiting the induction of central neutrophil chemokines such as IL8/CXCL8. These changes in the pattern of chemokines expression resulted in reduced polymorphonuclear (PMN) and increased mononuclear cells (MNC) chemoattraction by SF. Mechanistic analyses of the temporal expression of genes demonstrated that the cooperative regulation mediated by these two factors is mostly induced through de novo transcriptional mechanisms activated by IL6/sIL6R. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that TNFα and IL6/sIL6R cooperation is partially mediated by the expression of secondary factors signaling through JAK/STAT pathways.
Conclusions: These results point out to a highly orchestrated response to IL6 in TNFα-induced SF and provide additional insights into the role of IL6/sIL6R in the context of RA, highlighting the contribution of IL6/sIL6R to the interplay of SF with other inflammatory cells.
Dynamic changes of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts breast cancer prognosis
Authors: Kim Ju-Yeon , Jung Eun Jung , Kim Jae-Myung , Lee Han Shin , Kwag Seung-Jin , Park Ji-Ho , Park Taejin , Jeong Sang-Ho , Jeong Chi-Young , Ju Young-Tae 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to determine whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are more useful predictors after initial intention to treat than at the time of diagnosis.Methods: We collected the medical records of 533 patients. The results of the peripheral blood sampling before the primary treatments were labeled as initial cohort, and those obtained between 24 and 36 months after initial treatment were defined as the 2nd cohort. Delayed metastasis has been defined as distant metastasis 2 years after treatment, and survival outcome was estimated and compared across groups.Results: Median follow-up duration was 74 months (24–162 months), and 53 patients experienced delayed metastasis. In univariate analysis, metastasis-free survival, patient age at diagnosis, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, HER-2 status, initial NLR and PLR, and 2nd NLR and PLR were found to be significantly associated with delayed metastasis. However, in multivariate analysis, only the 2nd NLR and PLR were found to be significantly associated with delayed metastasis, excluding initial NLR and PLR. Metastasis-free survival was analyzed through the pattern changes of NLR or PLR. The results revealed that patients with continued low NLR and PLR values at pre- and post-treatment (low initial values and 2nd values) showed a significantly better prognosis than those with a change in value or continued high NLR and PLR.Conclusions: We identified that patients with persistent high NLR and PLR after initial treatment have significant worse prognosis in terms of late metastasis. Therefore, these results suggest that NLR and PLR are more useful in predicting prognosis post-treatment.
Better muscle strength can decrease the risk of arthralgia and back &amp;joint stiffness in Kurdish men; a cross-sectional study using data from RaNCD cohort study
Authors: Pasdar Yahya , Hamzeh Behrooz , Moradi Shima , Cheshmeh Sahar , Najafi Farid , Moradinazar Mehdi , Shamsi Mohammadbagher , Shakiba Ebrahim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders can reduce the quality of life and work capacity. The study assessed handgrip strength (HGS) in relation to low back pain and arthralgia in Kurdish men. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study on 2164 men aged 35-65 years. HGS was measured using a hand-held hydraulic handgrip dynamometer. Low back pain, arthralgia, and joint stiffness were evaluated by the RaNCD cohort study physician using a standard questionnaire. Results: The results showed that 21.39% and 24.58% of studied participants had low back pain and arthralgia, respectively. Among the participants with low back pain, 14.5% had back stiffness, and among those with arthralgia, 12.8% had joint stiffness. The mean of HGS in participants with arthralgia and back & joint stiffness was significantly less than those without these disorders (P<0.001, P=0.05, and P= 0.005, respectively). Multiple-adjusted OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for arthralgia and back and joint stiffness across muscle strength showed the HGS increase to be associated with a lower risk of arthralgia and back &joint stiffness, but not low back pain. Conclusions: Higher HGS was associated with a lower risk of arthralgia and back & joint stiffness. However, there was no association between HGS and low back pain. Exercise and adherence to proper nutrition are suggested to enhance muscle strength in order to reduce musculoskeletal pain.
Ceramic bricks containing Ni ions from contaminated biomass used as an adsorbent
Authors: Simón Daiana , Quaranta Nancy , Gass Sebastián , Procaccini Raúl , Cristóbal Adrián 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article shows how pine sawdust residues can be used to adsorb nickel ions from synthetic solutions and then to produce porous bricks for civil construction using a mixture of natural clay and biomass containing the adsorbed metals. The adsorption tests were performed by mixing NiCl2 solutions with pine sawdust during a fixed stirring period of 24 h. The set was filtered and the filtrate was analysed. Highest efficiency adsorbate/adsorbent ratio was 50 mL of 1 M NiCl2 solution and 20 g L-1 of pine sawdust. This was the contaminated biomass sample used in the manufacture of the bricks. This paper analyses the properties of the bricks achieved and compares them with bricks without added biomass, porous bricks containing zinc and commercial bricks. The obtained values ​​of bulk density, apparent specific weight, apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent volume, weight loss on ignition, compressive strength, flexural modulus of rupture and efficiency retention of metal in the brick, demonstrate that the ceramic pieces obtained are optimal for construction.
Soil inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum M45a regulates rhizosphere microbes and triggers watermelon resistance to Fusarium wilt
Authors: zhang yi , Tian Cheng , Xiao Jiling , Wei Lin , Tian Yun , Liang Zhihuai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fusarium wilt (FW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) is a soil-borne disease that seriously limits watermelon production. In the present study, the Trichoderma asperellum ( T. asperellum ) M45a was shown to be an effective biocontrol agent against Fusarium wilt (FW). In a pot experiment, the application of 10 5 cfu/g of T. asperellum M45a granules had better control effect on FW at the blooming period (up to 67.44%) from soils subjected to five years of continuous cropping with watermelon, while the average length of watermelon vine was also significantly improved(P<0.05). Additionally, the acid phosphatase (ACP), cellulase (CL), catalase (CAT) and sucrase (SC) activities in the M45a-inoculation group were significantly higher than in the control (CK) group, and the soil nutrients (total N, NO3-N, and available P) transformation was significantly increased. Moreover, T. asperellum M45a inoculation reduced fungal diversity and increased bacterial diversity, especially enhancing the relative abundance of PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria), such as Trichoderma, Sphingomonas , Pseudomonas , Actinomadura and Rhodanobacter . Through functional prediction, the relative abundance of Ectomycorrhizal, Endophyte, Animal pathotroph and saprotroph in fungal community was determined to be significantly lower than observed in the M45a-treated soil. Correlation analysis revealed that Sphingomonas , Pseudomonas and Trichoderma had the most differences in microorganisms abundance, positively correlated with ACP, CL, CAT and SC. These findings will provide ecological fungicide advice for microecological control of FW in continuous cropping watermelon.