bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood vulnerability to drowning in the Western Cape, South Africa: Risk differences across age and sex
Authors: Simons Abigail , Govender Rajen , Saunders Colleen Jayne , Singh‐Adriaanse Robyn , Van Niekerk Ashley 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionDrowning is amongst the leading causes of death of children and young people worldwide, with high concentrations in Southeast Asia and Sub‐Saharan Africa. In the Western Cape province in South Africa, drowning mortality rates for children were reported at 3.8 per 100,000 population. Internationally, evidence suggests that unimpeded access to water bodies and containers and lapses in supervision together with the child's limited developmental capacities, place children at greater risk of drowning. This study examined the risk for fatal drowning by age cohort and sex in child and adolescent (0–19 years old) in the Western Cape.MethodDemographic and descriptive data for child drowning fatalities from 2010 to 2016 were obtained from the Western Cape Forensic Pathology Service. Descriptive variables included location of drowning incident by body of water, time of day, day of week and season. Data were analysed by age cohorts aligned to child psychosocial developmental stages. Descriptive statistics reported fatality frequencies by age cohort and sex, and logistic regression was conducted to detect differences in drowning risk across these categories.ResultsA total of 538 childhood drowning fatalities were analysed, with the highest proportion occurring in children aged 13–19 years (29.6%) and the majority occurring in males (75.8%). Sex, location of drowning incident and season were significant predictors of drowning across the age cohorts. Relative to females, males between ages 0–1 and 2–3 years were less likely to drown when compared with older children.ConclusionThis study confirms existing evidence that children younger than five are most at risk of drowning. In contrast to international and local research findings that have indicated a similar or higher risk for drowning amongst boys compared with girls aged 3 years and younger, this study identified that males were less likely to drown between the ages of 0 and 3 years compared with girls.
Interleukin‐17 is a potential player and treatment target in severe chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Sabag D. A. , Matanes L. , Bejar J. , Sheffer H. , Barzilai A. , Church M. K. , Toubi E. , Maurer M. , Vadasz Z. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is considered an autoimmune disorder in 50% of cases at least, in which T‐ and mast cell mediators are considered to be the primary cause of symptoms. However, H1‐antihistamines, cyclosporine A, and omalizumab fail to achieve complete symptom amelioration in up to 70% of patients. This suggests that other inflammatory pathways are involved and that additional and more effective treatments need to be developed.ObjectiveThis preliminary report examines the possibility that interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, may contribute to CSU and its inhibition may offer a relevant therapeutic target.MethodsThe expression of IL‐17A in skin biopsies of 20 CSU patients and 10 healthy controls was determined by quantitative histomorphometry. We also assessed the response to secukinumab (anti‐IL‐17A) treatment patients of eight severe CSU (7‐day urticaria activity score UAS7 32‐40) who were H1‐antihistamine and omalizumab‐resistant.ResultsIncreased numbers of CD4+ T cells and mast cells were present in both lesional and non‐lesional skin of CSU patients compared with healthy controls. Both types of cells were strongly positive for IL‐17A and found to be in close proximity to each other. All eight patients treated with the anti‐IL‐17A antibody, secukinumab, showed significant improvement in CSU disease activity. The action of secukinumab was shown to be relatively slow in onset. The significant reduction in disease activity from baseline UAS7 was demonstrated to be 55% and 82% at 30 and 90 days, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that IL‐17 is involved in the pathogenesis of CSU and that IL‐17 should be investigated as a therapeutic target in future studies with larger numbers of patients.
Case of an anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis patient responding to cyclophosphamide with significant brain volume recovery
Authors: Ashida Shinji , Tanaka Eijirou , Ogura Shiori , Maezono Keiko , Nagakane Yoshinari 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe form of limbic encephalitis. Some patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis do not respond to standard immunotherapy, resulting in poor outcomes.Case presentationWe report an 18‐year‐old female patient with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, without a tumor, who showed a marked response to cyclophosphamide. She was admitted due to a 1‐month history of headache, psychiatric symptoms, and consciousness disturbance. Despite administering first‐line immunotherapy, including steroid pulse, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasma exchange, she developed orofacial dyskinesia, central hypoventilation, and status epilepticus. Involuntary movements and seizure began to decrease only after the administration of cyclophosphamide (CPM), and she showed gradual improvement over the next 5 years. In addition, significant recovery from brain atrophy was observed on follow‐up MRI.ConclusionsCyclophosphamide should be considered for nonresponders to first‐line immunotherapy.
Guide Me in Analysis: A Framework for Guidance Designers
Authors: Ceneda Davide , Andrienko Natalia , Andrienko Gennady , Gschwandtner Theresia , Miksch Silvia , Piccolotto Nikolaus , Schreck Tobias , Streit Marc , Suschnigg Josef , Tominski Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGuidance is an emerging topic in the field of visual analytics. Guidance can support users in pursuing their analytical goals more efficiently and help in making the analysis successful. However, it is not clear how guidance approaches should be designed and what specific factors should be considered for effective support. In this paper, we approach this problem from the perspective of guidance designers. We present a framework comprising requirements and a set of specific phases designers should go through when designing guidance for visual analytics. We relate this process with a set of quality criteria we aim to support with our framework, that are necessary for obtaining a suitable and effective guidance solution. To demonstrate the practical usability of our methodology, we apply our framework to the design of guidance in three analysis scenarios and a design walk‐through session. Moreover, we list the emerging challenges and report how the framework can be used to design guidance solutions that mitigate these issues.
932. COELOGYNE ANNAMENSIS
Authors: Schuiteman André , Cribb Phillip , Want Terry , King Christabel 
Published: May 2020

SummaryCoelogyne annamensis Rolfe is illustrated, and compared with C. assamica Linden & Rchb.f.), C. brunnea Lindl. and other members of Coelogyne section Fuscescentes Pfitzer & Kraenzl. Suggestions for its successful cultivation are given.
933. STRUMARIA ARGILLICOLA
Authors: Duncan Graham , Voigt Leigh 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe new species Strumaria argillicola G.D. Duncan is described. This late‐summer‐flowering geophyte is endemic to seasonal muddy pans in the Namaqualand region of the Northern Cape, South Africa. Details of its history, taxonomy, habitat and cultivation are given, accompanied by a watercolour painting and habitat photographs.
936. PLUMERIA FILIFOLIA
Authors: Tiernan Nichole M. , Oviedo Prieto Ramona , Jestrow Brett , Francisco‐Ortega Javier 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe Cuban endemic Plumeria filifolia Griseb. is illustrated from plants growing at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden in Miami, Florida. This species belongs to the charismatic group of plants commonly known as frangipani. Though several species are often found in cultivation, many of the endemic wild growing Caribbean species, including P. filifolia, have not yet reached their full ornamental potential. A historical overview of early collections of P. filifolia is presented, along with a detailed description, habitat, distribution map, list of known herbarium specimens and conservation status. A review of the nomenclature including the second‐step lectotypification is provided. The species complex with P. stenophylla is reviewed, and based on morphological grounds, P. stenophylla is here regarded as a distinct species. As no previous monographic revision exists, morphological and ecogeographical patterns for the rest of the genus are discussed.
937. PASSIFLORA PUNICEA
Authors: Vanderplank John , King Christabel 
Published: May 2020

SummaryPassiflora punicea Ruiz & Pavón ex DC., considered by Maxwell T. Masters (1872) and E. P. Killip (1938) to be a synonym of P. vitifolia Kunth is here reinstated at species rank. It is described and illustrated in colour and with black and white line drawings. Its history, distribution, similarities to related species and cultivation are discussed. A key to its closest related species is provided.
Pursuing symmetry in reconstruction of the upper lip apical triangle with a hatchet flap
Authors: Tomás‐Velázquez Alejandra , Redondo Pedro 
Published: May 2020

SummaryVarious techniques have been described for the reconstruction of surgical defects of the upper lip after skin cancer. Here, we propose a technique for reconstructing medium or large defects located at the junction of the nasogenian and nasolabial folds with a hatchet flap. We report on three patients treated with this technique, describing the surgical procedure and some interesting caveats. Two patients reconstructed with direct closure in this location are described in order to emphasize the better aesthetic result achieved with the hatchet flap, especially in terms of symmetry. While direct closure tends to decrease the ipsilateral nasolabial fold, the hatchet flap extends the scar to the fold below the commissure in a natural wrinkle, becoming symmetrical and much less noticeable after a few months. We conclude that the hatchet flap is technically easy and rapidly implemented for defects in the apical triangle of the upper lip, and achieves better results in terms of facial symmetry than direct closure.
Re‐Induktion einer Checkpoint‐Inhibitor‐Therapie beim metastasierten Melanom
Authors: Reschke Robin , Ziemer Mirjana 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungBisher sind nur wenige Ergebnisse einer Re‐Induktion (Rechallenge) von Checkpoint‐Inhibitor‐Therapien publiziert. Wir präsentieren die erste Übersicht aller dazu international, englischsprachig veröffentlichten Arbeiten. 570 Patienten konnten in die Analyse eingeschlossen werden. Für die Auswertung wurde in vier Gruppen unterteilt: 1) Rechallenge mit Anti‐PD1 nach Progress unter Anti‐PD1‐Therapie 2) Rechallenge mit Anti‐PD1 und CTLA4 nach Progress unter Anti‐PD1‐Therapie, 3) Rechallenge mit CTLA4 nach Progress unter Anti‐CTLA‐4 und 4) Rechallenge nach Therapieabbruch aufgrund von Nebenwirkungen.Bei 85 Patienten mit Anti‐PD1‐Rechallenge nach Progress lagen die Krankheitskontrollrate (DCR) im Mittel bei 45,8 % und die Gesamtansprechrate (ORR) bei 15,5 %. Bei 114 Patienten, die unter Anti‐PD1‐Therapie progredient wurden und anschließend mit der Kombination aus Anti‐PD1 und Anti‐CTLA4 behandelt wurden, lagen die DCR im Mittel bei 40,6 % und die ORR im Mittel bei 20 %. Die DCR bei Progress und Rechallenge mit Ipilimumab lag, bezogen auf 182 Patienten, im Mittel bei 50,9 % und die ORR bei 20,4 %. Somit ist auch bei Patienten, die zuvor unter immunonkologischer Therapie einen Progress erlitten hatten, ein erneutes Ansprechen nach Wiedereinleitung prinzipiell möglich.Bei 189 Patienten mit Rechallenge nach Nebenwirkungen bei mehrheitlich initialem Ansprechen lagen die DCR im Mittel bei 89,5 % und die ORR bei 70,2 %. Je ungefähr ein Fünftel der Patienten erlebte jedoch ein Rezidiv der vorbekannten (18 %) oder neu auftretende Nebenwirkungen (23 %).
Navigating the Best Path to Optimality in a University Grants Administration Workload Assignment Problem
Authors: Martin Megan Wydick , Ragsdale Cliff 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThis research addresses a preaward grant administration workload‐to‐agent assignment problem that occurs in the office of research and sponsored programs (ORSP) at many universities. We first identify the optimal (utopian) workload assignment plan using a mixed‐integer linear programming problem. This optimal assignment of academic department workload to ORSP administrators may differ considerably from the status quo, requiring multiple reassignments from the current state to reach optimality. The number of reassignments raises concerns related to loss of administrator–department relationship, loss of department‐related knowledge, and increase in managerial inconvenience. To achieve the best workload reassignment with the fewest changes from the current status quo, while still placing a greater emphasis on the effective use of limited resources, we propose and illustrate a multiple objective optimization technique to identify the N best departmental reassignments from the current state that provide the greatest progress toward the utopian balanced workload solution. Solving this problem over several values of N and plotting the results allow the decision maker to visualize the trade‐off between the number of reassignments and the resulting progress achieved toward the utopian solution. This system could support the manager of pre‐award administrators in making an informed decision about the best number of reassignments to choose based on an objective assessment of the relevant trade‐offs. The technique proposed in this article is widely relevant with slight modifications to the mathematical model. Additional applications include the management of employee‐to‐task assignments in home healthcare, youth sports, nurse scheduling, blood bank facilities, and early education.
Managing Service Systems via Disguised Queues: The Role of Retaliating Customers*
Authors: Çil Eren B. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTTourist attractions, such as observatory decks, boat tours, and museums, have recently started to manage their operations via hiding some parts of their waiting lines, which we will refer to as queue disguising behavior. If customers are not aware of these disguised parts of the queues, firms can potentially boost their revenues by using queue disguising strategy. However, it is not obvious that firms benefit from disguised queues when customers retaliate after experiencing that the queue management tactics led them to make erroneous decisions. Our goal in this article is to investigate the impacts of the retaliatory customer behavior on firms' queue disguising decisions and profits. In the absence of retaliating customers, we find that the optimal queue disguising strategy yields only negligible profit improvements, relative to letting customers observe the entire waiting line. One, then, may expect that the queue disguising should not be a profitable strategy in a system with retaliating customers. We establish that this intuition is only true for firms incurring negligible holding costs. If keeping customers in the queue is sufficiently high for a firm, we, surprisingly, find that the firm achieves sizable profit improvements via queue disguising in the presence of the retaliatory behavior. More interestingly, we show that these benefits become more pronounced as the holding cost increases, in contrast to the case without retaliating customers. Our results, then, suggest that firms that are subjected to nonnegligible holding costs should employ the queue disguising strategy only while facing retaliating customers.
Spontaneous regression of mismatch repair‐deficient colorectal cancers: Case series
Authors: Utsumi Takahiro , Miyamoto Shin'ichi , Shimizu Takahiro , Yokogawa Kasumi , Nakanishi Yuki , Nikaido Mitsuhiro , Hirata Ayako , Nishida Miyu , Aoyama Ikuo , Okuno Tomoko , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Kaneda Akihiro , Sakai Yoshiharu , Kawanami Chiharu , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

Spontaneous regression (SR) has been reported in various malignant tumors. However, SR in colorectal cancer (CRC) is particularly rare and the mechanism remains unclear. We here report three cases of CRCs displaying SR, which were experienced at two institutions. Intriguingly, all of these cases displayed the common endoscopic characteristics; superficial elevated lesion accompanied by a central depression (0‐IIa + IIc, in the Paris classification), with a nonpolypoid growth, located in the ascending colon. Furthermore, immunohistology of biopsy specimens revealed the lack of DNA mismatch repair proteins within the CRC lesions, suggesting that these were mismatch repair‐deficient (dMMR) CRCs. One of the major features of dMMR cancers is an increase in the number of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes. Thus, the dMMR phenotype might be associated with SR of CRCs through the activation of anti‐tumor host immune responses.
Beyond family‐level adversities: Exploring the developmental timing of neighborhood disadvantage effects on the brain
Authors: Gard Arianna M. , Maxwell Andrea M. , Shaw Daniel S. , Mitchell Colter , Brooks‐Gunn Jeanne , McLanahan Sara S. , Forbes Erika E. , Monk Christopher S. , Hyde Luke W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA growing literature suggests that adversity is associated with later altered brain function, particularly within the corticolimbic system that supports emotion processing and salience detection (e.g., amygdala, prefrontal cortex [PFC]). Although neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage has been shown to predict maladaptive behavioral outcomes, particularly for boys, most of the research linking adversity to corticolimbic function has focused on family‐level adversities. Moreover, although animal models and studies of normative brain development suggest that there may be sensitive periods during which adversity exerts stronger effects on corticolimbic development, little prospective evidence exists in humans. Using two low‐income samples of boys (n = 167; n = 77), Census‐derived neighborhood disadvantage during early childhood, but not adolescence, was uniquely associated with greater amygdala, but not PFC, reactivity to ambiguous neutral faces in adolescence and young adulthood. These associations remained after accounting for several family‐level adversities (e.g., low family income, harsh parenting), highlighting the independent and developmentally specific neural effects of the neighborhood context. Furthermore, in both samples, indicators measuring income and poverty status of neighbors were predictive of amygdala function, suggesting that neighborhood economic resources may be critical to brain development.
Evidence for discrete profiles of children’s physiological activity across three neurobiological system and their transitions over time
Authors: Roubinov Danielle S. , Boyce William T. , Lee Matthew R. , Bush Nicole R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe conceptualization of stress‐responsive physiological systems as operating in an integrated manner is evident in several theoretical models of cross‐system functioning. However, limited empirical research has modeled the complexity of multisystem activity. Moreover few studies have explored developmentally regulated changes in multisystem activity during early childhood when plasticity is particularly pronounced. The current study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to evaluate multisystem activity during fall and spring of children's transition to kindergarten in three biological systems: the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Latent transition analysis (LTA) was then used to examine the stability of profile classification across time. Across both timepoints, three distinct profiles of multisystem activity emerged. One profile was characterized by heightened HPA axis activity (HPA Axis Responders), a second profile was characterized by moderate, typically adaptive patterns across the PNS, SNS, and HPA axis (Active Copers/Mobilizers), and a third profile was characterized by heightened baseline activity, particularly in the PNS and SNS (Anticipatory Arousal/ANS Responders). LTA of fall‐to‐spring profile classifications indicated higher probabilities that children remained in the same profile over time compared to probabilities of profile changes, suggesting stability in certain patterns of cross‐system responsivity. Patterns of profile stability and change were associated with socioemotional outcomes at the end of the school year. Findings highlight the utility of LPA and LTA to detect meaningful patterns of complex multisystem physiological activity across three systems and their associations with early adjustment during an important developmental transition.
How earmarking has become self‐perpetuating in United Nations development co‐operation
Authors: Baumann Max‐Otto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMotivationThe share of earmarked funding to the development pillar of the United Nations (UN) has risen to a record level of 79% (2018) of its total revenue/spending. This poses severe implications for the organizational efficiency, aid effectiveness and multilateralism of the UN. Reforms have not been able to stem the trend towards earmarked funding, raising the question of what explains the continued rise of earmarking in the United Nations Development System (UNDS).PurposeThis article aims to add a new perspective on earmarking, specifically in the UN. It tries to explain not the root causes of earmarking, but the dynamics of the significant rise over the last decade. The argument is that earmarking has been driven by three vicious circles: by the rational factors associated with a collective action breakdown, a change in norms of appropriateness, and institutional fragmentation.Approach and methodsThe article draws on funding data from the UN, on 65 interviews with UN staff and donor representatives conducted in the context of a recent research project, and on document analysis. Special attention is given to two donors, Sweden and Germany, dedicated multilateralists that have increased their earmarked resources in recent years.FindingsConventional explanations of earmarking in the UN—dissatisfaction with the performance of UN organizations, the desire for more accountability, policy differences with organizations—cannot fully explain the significant rise in earmarking over the last decade. Empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that the UN system has reached a tipping point, so that earmarking has become self‐perpetuating.Policy implicationsThe findings put a question mark after the premises that have so far guided practical efforts by the UN and member states to reduce the share of earmarked funding. They suggest that more fundamental changes to rules and incentives are required to rebalance the UN’s funding towards core contributions. Four specific recommendations are derived from the analysis.