bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A technique for introducing looped sutures in flexor tendon repair
Authors: Jagannath Kamath B , Ramanathan C. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThis is the author′s experience of hypospadias reconstruction using Bracka′s technique (mainly) over a period of three years. A total of 98 procedures related to hypospadias were done in three years. The surgical technique is described. In the author′s hand, Bracka′s technique gives good result both functionally and in appearance. Its versatility enables its use in all types of hypospadias with consistently reproducible results with minimal complications. At the end of the second stage a circumcised penis with natural looking vertical slit neo-meatus at the apex of the glans is produced.
Role of tunica vaginalis interposition layer in hypospadias surgery
Authors: Yog Raj Handoo 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTHypospadias surgery has evolved with more than 150 procedures for surgical correction of single anomaly .urethro-cutaneous fistula continues to be single most common complication of regardless of location of meatus, procedure performed and experience of surgeon. Every effort goes in prevention of this complication including overlapping suture line. Two stage repair, burying repaired urethra in scrotum, dartose flap. Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis from testis as a water proofing layer over reconstructed neo urethra decreasing fistula rate. Unlike dissection of dartose layer which can damage blood supply of overlying skin with impaired wound healing, tunica vaginalis brings vascular supply from outside source hence helping in healing of suture line of neo-urethra. Study of effectiveness of tunica vaginalis flap covering different hypospadias procedures in 126 cases over 6 years is presented with inference of significant decrease of urethra-cutaneous fistula rate.
Does closure of chronic pilonidal sinus still remain a matter of debate after bilateral rotation flap?(N-shaped closure technique)
Authors: Khaled M. Saad , Mohamed M.S. Awad 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Background:Controversy still exists about the exact cause of pilonidal sinus either acquired or congenital, and also about what is the best surgical technique for the treatment of the disease. We successfully treated chronic pilonidal sinus with a new flap technique {N-shaped bilateral rotation flap} for closure of the defect.Materials and Methods:Thirty-two patients (30 men and two women) were treated by eccentric elliptical excision of the diseased tissues down to the postsacral fascia and closure of the defect with our flap [which is a random pattern flap], then a closed suction drain was placed at the base of the wound, with its tip being brought out in the gluteal region at least 5 cm lateral to the lower end of the suture line. Results: All our patients healed completely without recurrence during a period of average follow-up of two years. Mean hospital stay was 1.5 days (range 1-5 days). Mean time to complete healing was 11.9 days (range 6-18 days). Mean time off work was 13.7 days (range 10-21 days). Two patients had wound infection and one patient a partial breakdown. The recurrence rate was 0%.Conclusions:A tension-free suture via bilateral rotation flaps with a good suction at the button of the wound for drainage of blood from the bottom of the wound is the key to the success of repair without recurrence.
Splinting the penis for split skin grafting: Use of longitudinally split plastic syringe
Authors: Chacko Cyriac , Ramesh Kumar Sharma 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWe describe a new method of splinting the penile shaft following split skin grafting for avulsion injuries of the penis. A 10 ml syringe is split longitudinally and one half is applied either dorsally or ventrally after placing absorbent dressing on the grafted area. This is then held in place with either tape or bandage.
Unusual nerve supply of biceps from ulnar nerve and median nerve and a third head of biceps
Authors: Arora L , Dhingra R 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTVariations in branching pattern of the brachial plexus are common and have been reported by several investigators. Of the four main nerves traversing the arm, namely median, ulnar, radial and musculocutaneous, the ulnar and median nerve do not give any branches to muscles of the arm. Ulnar nerve after taking origin from medial cord of brachial plexus runs distally through axilla on medial side of axillary artery till middle of arm, where it pierces the medial intermuscular septum and enters the posterior compartment of arm. Ulnar nerve enters forearm between two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris from where it continues further. It supplies flexor carpi ulnaris , flexor digitorum profundus and several intrinsic muscles of hand . We recently observed dual supply of biceps muscle from ulnar and median nerves in arm. Musculocutaneous nerve was absent. Although communications between nerves in arm is rare, the communication between median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve were described from the 19th century which could explain innervation of biceps from median nerve. But no accurate description of ulnar nerve supplying biceps could be found in literature. Knowledge of anatomical variation of these nerves at level of upper arm is essential in light of the frequency with which surgery is performed to transfer nerve fascicles from ulnar nerve to biceps in case of brachial plexus injuries. We also observed third head of biceps, our aim is to describe the exact topography of this variation and to discuss its morphological.
Puncture, drainage and irrigation: Is that enough for treating an abscess?
Authors: Kalpesh J Gajiwala 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTAn abscess is a common occurrence. The gold standard for treatment is incision and drainage. Here a simple technique of a small puncture followed by drainage and irrigation done under local anesthesia is described. Sixty-four patients were treated between 1990 and 2006. Barring two, which were taken off the study, all healed completely without recurrence. The advantages of this procedure are that it is simple, can be done as an office procedure enabling a quick return to work and results in faster, scar free healing. It also allows better pain management.
A Study on Morphology of Suprascapular Notch with Specific Emphasis on Completely Ossified Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament
Authors: Nayak Tushar V. , Gujar Subhash M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and Aim The superior border of scapula is marked by suprascapular notch which is bridged by suprascapular ligament. Beneath this ligament, passes the suprascapular nerve. Narrow notch and completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament is one of the risk factors for suprascapular nerve entrapment. This study is done to study morphological variation of suprascapular notch. Knowledge of various types of suprascapular notch will help the clinician in early diagnosis and surgical treatment.
Materials and Methods A total of 525 human scapulae of unknown age and sex were studied for morphology of suprascapular notch at the Department of Anatomy, GMERS medical college, Vadnagar and at B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad. Photographs of various types of suprascapular notch were taken using digital camera and classified as per the Rengachary classification.
Result In the present study, as per Rengachary classification, out of 525 scapulae, the most common is Type III (47.1%), least common is Type V (1.9%), and completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament is Type VI (8.9%).
Conclusion Knowledge of various types of suprascapular notch will help the physician in screening high-risk patients as well as diagnosis and treatment of suprascapular nerve entrapment disorder.
Evolution of Stroke Thrombectomy Techniques to Optimize First-Pass Complete Reperfusion
Authors: Ospel Johanna Maria , McTaggart Ryan , Kashani Nima , Psychogios Marios , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Goyal Mayank 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince 2015, endovascular therapy (EVT) has become the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion. It is a safe and highly effective treatment, and its number needed to treat of 2.6 is one of the highest throughout medicine. The ultimate goal when performing EVT is to maximize chances of good outcome through achievement of fast first-pass complete reperfusion, as incomplete and delayed reperfusion increases complication rates and negatively affects outcome. Since EVT has been established as standard of care, new devices have been developed and treatment techniques have been refined. This review provides a brief overview about the rationale for and history of EVT, followed by a detailed step-by-step description of how to perform EVT using the BADDASS (BAlloon guide with large bore Distal access catheter with Dual Aspiration with Stent-retriever as Standard approach), a combined technique, which is in our opinion the safest and most effective way to achieve fast first-pass complete reperfusion. We also discuss treatment strategies for patients with simultaneous high-grade carotid stenosis/pseudoocclusion/occlusion and gaining carotid access in challenging arch anatomy, as these are commonly encountered situations in AIS, and conclude with an outlook on new technologies and future directions of EVT.
Treatment Strategies for Tandem Occlusions in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gemmete Joseph J. , Wilseck Zachary , Pandey Aditya S. , Chaudhary Neeraj 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is no consensus for the treatment of a tandem occlusion (TO) in a patient presenting with an acute ischemic stroke. In this review article, we will focus on the controversial treatment strategies for TOs. First, we will discuss treatment options including retrograde, antegrade, and delayed approaches. Second, the role of carotid stent placement versus balloon angioplasty for the extracranial occlusion will be presented. Third, anticoagulation and antiplatelet regimens for the treatment TOs published in the literature will be reviewed. Finally, we will discuss whether there is a role for coil occlusion of the cervical carotid artery or whether staged carotid revascularization days after mechanical thrombectomy of the intracranial occlusion maybe appropriate. The optimal treatment strategy of TO has not been established and further larger trials need to be performed to answer the question.
The Human Microbiome, Conventional Medicine, and Homeopathy
Authors: Whitmont Ronald D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHuman health is intimately linked to the ecology and diversity of the human microbiome. Together, the human organism and the human microbiome work as a complex super-organism throughout the human life cycle. Microbiome science provides direct evidence and substantiation of the fundamental principles of homeopathy, including holism, psychosomatics, direction of cure, the Law of Similars, individuality and susceptibility, minimum dose, and homeostasis. Whilst many conventional (allopathic) medical treatments irreversibly damage the ecology of the microbiome and trigger chronic immune dysfunction and inflammation, the future sustainability of the entire field of medicine depends on the ability to recognize these inconvenient biological truths and to embrace a safer approach based on this evidence. Fortunately, one of the oldest forms of clinically verifiable, evidence-based, and ecologically sustainable medicine, that does not harm the microbiome, already exists in the form of homeopathy.
The Lateral Antebrachial Neurocutaneous Flap: A Cadaveric Study and Clinical Applications
Authors: Kanchanathepsak Thepparat , Rojpitipongsakorn Chanakarn , Tawonsawatruk Tulyapruek , Suppaphol Sorasak , Watcharananan Ittirat , Tuntiyatorn Panithan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The neurocutaneous flap is an axial pattern flap that receives a vascular supply from a vessel along its cutaneous nerve and has favorable outcomes when used for soft tissue reconstruction in the upper extremities. The neurocutaneous flap depends on the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) and its retrograde-flow has been studied via cadaveric dissection. The aim of this study is to prove the vascularity of the lateral antebrachial neurocutaneous (LABN) flap.
Methods The distally based LABN flap was created in 18 upper limbs (12 cadavers). The skin flap was dissected at the proximal half of the forearm and then diluted methylene blue was injected through the brachial artery. The pedicle of the flap on the distal half of the forearm was dissected along the LACN for the anatomical study of the perforating branches, paraneural vessels, and flap territory.
Results The mean age of cadavers was 74.1 years (nine males). The mean distance of most distal and proximal perforating branches from the radial styloid process were 2.32 ± 0.59 and 11.17 ± 1.72 cm, respectively. The mean total number of perforating branches was 7.4, which abundantly appeared approximately 4 to 5 cm from the radial styloid process. The mean flap territory was 8.64 ± 0.82 cm in width and 10.50 ± 1.90 cm in length. The mean forearm circumference was 24.84 ± 1.52 cm, and mean forearm length was 24.74 ± 1.8 cm.
Conclusion This study ensured that retrograde-flow via the neurocutaneous artery could be provided through the vascularity of the LABN flap, which suggests that the pivot point of the flap should not extend beyond 5 cm proximal to the radial styloid process. The LABN flap is a useful alternative method for performing soft tissue reconstruction in hand and wrist defects without sacrificing the major vessels.
German Heart Surgery Report 2019: The Annual Updated Registry of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Beckmann Andreas , Meyer Renate , Lewandowski Jana , Markewitz Andreas , Gummert Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBased on a longtime voluntary registry, founded by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (GSTCVS) in 1980, well-defined data of all cardiac, thoracic, and vascular surgery procedures performed in 78 German heart surgery departments during the year 2019 are analyzed. For this period, a total of 175,705 procedures were submitted to the registry, 100,446 summarized as heart surgery procedures in a classical sense. The unadjusted in-hospital survival rate for the 34,224 isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures (relationship on-/off-pump 3.8:1) was 97.3%. For the 36,650 isolated heart valve procedures (16,625 transcatheter interventions included), it was 96.4%. Concerning short- and long-term circulatory support, a total of 2,716 extracorporeal life support/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantations, resp. 953 assist device implantations (L-/ R-/ BVAD, TAH) were registered. In 2019, the number of isolated heart transplantations increased to 333, a rise of 6.7% compared to the previous year. The isolated lung transplantations amounted to 311, a decrease of 8.5%. This annually updated registry of the GSTCVS represents voluntary public reporting by accumulating actual information for nearly all heart surgical procedures in Germany, constitutes advancements in heart medicine, and represents a basis for quality management for all participating institutions. In addition, the registry demonstrates that the provision of cardiac surgery in Germany is up to date, appropriate, and nationwide patient treatment is guaranteed all the time.
A Review of Past and Present Weight Loss Strategies and the Potential Role of Bariatric Arterial Embolization
Authors: Danda Varun R. , Bailey Christopher R. , Weiss Clifford R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe obesity epidemic is a growing public health concern that has a severe effect on the health care system with significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. Treatment options for obesity include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Newer, less-invasive therapies including endoscopic bariatric procedures have been developed in recent years to fill the treatment gap that exists between noninvasive approaches and surgery. Bariatric artery embolization (BAE) is a novel minimally invasive endovascular procedure that has been developed to treat obesity. Recent evidence has suggested that bariatric embolization is well tolerated and can induce clinically significant weight loss through a hormonally mediated mechanism. This article will review existing preclinical and clinical data, and explore future directions of the endovascular treatment of obesity.
Translaboration in a film context
Authors: Zanotti Serenella 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study explores the notion of translaboration in the context of audiovisual translation using Stanley
Kubrick’s Full Metal Jacket (1987) as a case study. Specifically, it explores the dynamics of translaboration in
the Italian version of Kubrick’s film by drawing on archival methods and sources to examine the material traces left by the
translation process. The study aims to unveil the translaborative dimension that characterized Kubrick’s approach to film
translation, pointing to the specificity of a collaborative interaction in which one participant holds ultimate authority.
Findings gleaned from translation-related material in the Stanley Kubrick Archive (University of the Arts, London) are combined
with insights from working documents found among the personal papers of Riccardo Aragno, who translated Kubrick’s last five films
into Italian for both dubbing and subtitling. Archival documents show that Kubrick was involved in collaborative work with his
translators, sometimes adopting an interventionist approach.
Effects of a pyroglutamyl pentapeptide isolated from fermented barley extract on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in hairless mouse
Authors: Maruoka Naruyuki , Watanabe Bunta , Ando Daigo , Miyashita Masahiro , Kurihara Tatsuo , Hokazono Hideki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritic and eczematous skin lesions. The skin of AD patients is generally in a dried condition. Therefore, it is important for AD patients to manage skin moisturization. In this study, we examined the effects of orally administered fermented barley extract P (FBEP), which is prepared from a supernatant of barley shochu distillery by-product, on stratum corneum (SC) hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in AD-like lesions induced in hairless mice using 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene. Oral administration of FBEP increased SC hydration and decreased TEWL in the dorsal skin of this mouse model. Further fractionation of FBEP showed that a pyroglutamyl pentapeptide, pEQPFP comprising all -L-form amino acids, is responsible for these activities. These results suggested that this pyroglutamyl pentapeptide may serve as a modality for the treatment of AD.
Retrofitting an environmental monitor with a silicon photomultiplier sensor
Authors: Alharbi M K M , Burgess P , Taggart M P , Sellin P J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We report on the retrofitting of a standard DP2 environmental radiation monitor replacing the photomultiplier tube with a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). The use of a SiPM has several advantages for a hand-held radiation monitor, including convenient low-voltage operation and physical robustness. We report the detection efficiency and alpha/beta discrimination performance of the modified probe compared with an unmodified version.
Standard versus hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: assessing the impact on dose modulation and normal tissue effects when using patient-specific cancer biology
Authors: Her E J , Ebert M A , Kennedy A , Reynolds H M , Sun Y , Williams S , Haworth A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Hypofractionation of prostate cancer radiotherapy achieves tumour control at lower total radiation doses, however, increased rectal and bladder toxicities have been observed. To realise the radiobiological advantage of hypofractionation whilst minimising harm, the potential reduction in dose to organs at risk was investigated for biofocused radiotherapy. Patient-specific tumour location and cell density information were derived from multiparametric imaging. Uniform-dose plans and biologically-optimised plans were generated for a standard schedule (78 Gy/39 fractions) and hypofractionated schedules (60 Gy/20 fractions and 36.25 Gy/5 fractions). Results showed that biologically-optimised plans yielded statistically lower doses to the rectum and bladder compared to isoeffective uniform-dose plans for all fractionation schedules. A reduction in the number of fractions increased the target dose modulation required to achieve equal tumour control. On average, biologically-optimised, moderately-hypofractionated plans demonstrated 15.3% (p-value: <0.01) and 23.8% (p-value: 0.02) reduction in rectal and bladder dose compared with standard fractionation. The tissue-sparing effect was more pronounced in extreme hypofractionation with mean reduction in rectal and bladder dose of 43.3% (p-value: < 0.01) and 41.8% (p-value: 0.02), respectively. This study suggests that the ability to utilise patient-specific tumour biology information will provide greater incentive to employ hypofractionation in the treatment of localised prostate cancer with radiotherapy. However, to exploit the radiobiological advantages given by hypofractionation, greater attention to geometric accuracy is required due to increased sensitivity to treatment uncertainties.
Design of DG MOSFET with Tri-Layered Strained Silicon Channel
Authors: Kumar Kuleen , Khiangte Lalthanpuii , Sankar Dhar Rudra 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Strained Silicon material concept gained their popularity since the last two decades. Along with that the double gate semiconductor on insulator (DGSOI) MOSFET also came into being with novel material based device being the requirement, hence a strain Silicon (s-Si) material DGSOI device has been developed to be the core of this work. A concise of three layers (s-Si/s-SiGe/s-Si) is deployed in channel region with varied thicknesses, and biaxial strain is thereby inducted. This leads to increase in the mobility of charge due to the inclusion of the strain mechanism in the silicon layers. The additional gate control provides better control of the channel region. Therefore, this new device with three-layered channel resulted in 59.6% enrichment in drain current for 22nm channel length, in comparison to 45nm channel length with minimum leakage current.
Hosting Capacity Assessment of Electric Vehicles Integration in Active Distribution System
Authors: Rout Sagarika , Biswal GyanRanjan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The current article aims to assess the effects of electric vehicles (EV) integration in distribution networks, considering the initial state of charge (SOC) and charging level type. The increase engrossment for the incorporation of larger numbers of EVs in low voltage (LV) networks causes a significant overload and voltage fluctuation in the system because of the synchronization condition of domestic load peak time and EV charging time. The effect on the system is analyzed by determining the total hosting strength of the LV active network for a different level of EV penetration. Two different Load model for slow and fast charging EV is considered along with an initial state of charge (SOC) condition. The hosting capacity is affected not only by the penetration level of EV but rather; it also depends upon SOC condition and type of charger. Moreover, the methodology is proficient enough to give sufficient and reliable information so as to flexible for the control in real time scenario in the smart grid execution.