bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of an Asynchronous Synchronous Alternator for Wind Power Plant of Low, Medium and High Power
Authors: Gandzha Sergey , Kotov Anton 
Published: March 2020

The chapter shows the prospects for the development of alternative energy. The growth rate of wind energy is ahead of other types of alternative energy, but the development of wind energy is constrained by a number of technical contradictions that need to be solved. The main problem of wind power is that the power and direction of the wind flow are continuously changing. This leads to the fact that the frequency of rotation of the generator constantly varies and alternator produces energy with nonstandard parameters in amplitude, frequency and phase. Converting this energy into energy with standard parameters is a difficult technical task. A brief analysis of the different directions to solve this problem is shown. It is proved that the promising direction of solving this problem from the point of view of efficiency is the use of double-fed induction alternator (DFIA). The chapter describes the principle of operation of the DFIA, the theory of energy conversion based on equivalent circuits. Approaches to the optimal design of generators based on generalized variables are shown. Two variants of the generator design are described. One option is to contain an additional exciter generator to power the rotor. The design of this 10 kW generator is presented. In another version, the power supply function of the rotor is performed by the battery. In addition, the battery performs the function of accumulation of electricity. It is concluded that the development of wind power in the direction of the DFIA is promising. On the basis of the proposed concept, a number of wind power plants can be built with power from 10 kW to 6 MW. DFIA can operate in standalone mode and in conjunction with electrical grid. The design for the range of wind turbines will be the same type. The DFIA will differ only in size.
El entorno wiki y su aplicación didáctica innovadora
Authors: Hervás Mirian 
Published: March 2020

La implementación de herramientas innovadoras como los Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje, concretamente las wikis, han proporcionado cambios en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Mediante la metodología de Investigación-Acción, esta herramienta fue utilizada en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios del Grado de Educación Social, cuyo objetivo era conocer el impacto del uso de este tipo de entornos en las competencias digitales y comunicativas. Entre los resultados destacan, en el alumnado, mejoras en competencias digitales, aprendizaje colaborativo, mejoras en su comunicación o compromiso; mientras, en los docentes, se observó un aumento de la práctica reflexiva, cooperación docente o creación de contenidos digitales. Estos resultados corroboran otros estudios, donde el uso de entornos digitales aumenta las competencias de los participantes, repercutiendo en un mayor afianzamiento de conocimientos y en habilidades. Aunque se encontraron como limitaciones una inicial reticencia, desconocimiento sobre el entorno, la escasa rigurosidad en el procedimiento de seguimiento al no contemplarse como una medida específica para la investigación, o la necesidad de seleccionar diseños metodológicos con mayor grado de experimentalidad, que ofrezcan evidencias prácticas. No obstante, esta propuesta ha puesto en evidencia la necesidad de incrementar las conexiones en la actual sociedad, para mejorar en las competencias digitales del alumnado y docentes
Applying an innovative tool like Personal Learning Environments, specially wikis, has led changes in the teaching-learning processes. Through Investigation-Action methodology, this tool was used in a group of university students from Social Education Degree, whose objective was awareness of the impact on the use of this type of environments in the digital and communication skills. The results emphasize, in the student, improvement in digital skills, collaborative learning, communication or engagement; while, in the professor, it was observed a rise the reflexive practice, educational cooperation or digital content creation. These results were corroborated by other studies, where the use of digital environments increases skills of the participants, impacting a greater strengthening of knowledge and skills. Although we found limitations such as an initial reticence, lack of knowledge about the environment, the insufficient rigor in the follow-up procedure because it was not contemplating as a specific measure for the research, or the need of selected methodological with higher degree of experimentation designs, which offering practical evidence. However, this proposal has revealed the need to increase connections in today's society, to improve digital competences in the students and professors
Probes and Their Horizons
Authors: Keine Stefan 
Published: March 2020

A comprehensive theory of selective opacity effects—configurations in which syntactic domains are opaque to some processes but transparent to others—within a Minimalist framework.
In this book, Stefan Keine investigates in detail “selective opacity”— configurations in which syntactic domains are opaque to some processes but transparent to others—and develops a comprehensive theory of these syntactic configurations within a contemporary Minimalist framework. Although such configurations have traditionally been analyzed in terms of restrictions on possible sequences of movement steps, Keine finds that analogous restrictions govern long-distance dependencies that do not involve movement. He argues that the phenomenon is more widespread and abstract than previously assumed. He proposes a new approach to such effects, according to which probes that initiate the operation Agree are subject to “horizons,” which terminate their searches.
Selective opacity effects raise important questions about the nature of locality in natural language, the representation of movement-type asymmetries, correlations between clause structure and locality, and possible interactions between syntactic dependencies. With a focus on in-depth case studies of Hindi-Urdu and German, Keine offers detailed investigations of movement dependencies, long-distance agreement, wh-dependencies, the A/A' distinction, restructuring, freezing effects, successive cyclicity, and phase theory. Keine's account offers a thorough understanding of selective opacity and the systematic overarching generalizations to which it is subject.
Art and Tradition in a Time of Uprisings
Authors: Levine Gabriel 
Published: March 2020

Examining radical reinventions of traditional practices, ranging from a queer reclamation of the Jewish festival of Purim to an Indigenous remixing of musical traditions.
Supposedly outmoded modes of doing and making—from music and religious rituals to crafting and cooking—are flourishing, both artistically and politically, in the digital age. In this book, Gabriel Levine examines collective projects that reclaim and reinvent tradition in contemporary North America, both within and beyond the frames of art. Levine argues that, in a time of political reaction and mass uprisings, the subversion of the traditional is galvanizing artists, activists, musicians, and people in everyday life. He shows that this takes place in strikingly different ways for Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in settler colonies. Paradoxically, experimenting with practices that have been abandoned or suppressed can offer powerful resources for creation and struggle in the present.
Levine shows that, in projects that span “the discontinuum of tradition,” strange encounters take place across the lines of class, Indigeneity, race, and generations. These encounters spark alliance and appropriation, desire and misunderstanding, creative (mis)translation and radical revisionism. He describes the yearly Purim Extravaganza, which gathers queer, leftist, and Yiddishist New Yorkers in a profane reappropriation of the springtime Jewish festival; the Ottawa-based Indigenous DJ collective A Tribe Called Red, who combine traditional powwow drumming and singing with electronic dance music; and the revival of home fermentation practices—considering it from microbiological, philosophical, aesthetic, and political angles.
Projects that take back the vernacular in this way, Levine argues, not only develop innovative forms of practice for a time of uprisings; they can also work toward collectively reclaiming, remaking, and repairing a damaged world.
Quantum Entanglement
Authors: Brody Jed 
Published: March 2020

An exploration of quantum entanglement and the ways in which it contradicts our everyday assumptions about the ultimate nature of reality.
Quantum physics is notable for its brazen defiance of common sense. (Think of Schrödinger's Cat, famously both dead and alive.) An especially rigorous form of quantum contradiction occurs in experiments with entangled particles. Our common assumption is that objects have properties whether or not anyone is observing them, and the measurement of one can't affect the other. Quantum entanglement—called by Einstein “spooky action at a distance”—rejects this assumption, offering impeccable reasoning and irrefutable evidence of the opposite. Is quantum entanglement mystical, or just mystifying? In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Jed Brody equips readers to decide for themselves. He explains how our commonsense assumptions impose constraints—from which entangled particles break free.
Brody explores such concepts as local realism, Bell's inequality, polarization, time dilation, and special relativity. He introduces readers to imaginary physicists Alice and Bob and their photon analyses; points out that it's easier to reject falsehood than establish the truth; and reports that some physicists explain entanglement by arguing that we live in a cross-section of a higher-dimensional reality. He examines a variety of viewpoints held by physicists, including quantum decoherence, Niels Bohr's Copenhagen interpretation, genuine fortuitousness, and QBism. This relatively recent interpretation, an abbreviation of “quantum Bayesianism,” holds that there's no such thing as an absolutely accurate, objective probability “out there,” that quantum mechanical probabilities are subjective judgments, and there's no “action at a distance,” spooky or otherwise.
Irony and Sarcasm
Authors: Kreuz Roger 
Published: March 2020

A biography of two troublesome words.
Isn't it ironic? Or is it? Never mind, I'm just being sarcastic (or am I?). Irony and sarcasm are two of the most misused, misapplied, and misunderstood words in our conversational lexicon. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, psycholinguist Roger Kreuz offers an enlightening and concise overview of the life and times of these two terms, mapping their evolution from Greek philosophy and Roman rhetoric to modern literary criticism to emojis.
Kreuz describes eight different ways that irony has been used through the centuries, proceeding from Socratic to dramatic to cosmic irony. He explains that verbal irony—irony as it is traditionally understood—refers to statements that mean something different (frequently the opposite) of what is literally intended, and defines sarcasm as a type of verbal irony. Kreuz outlines the prerequisites for irony and sarcasm (one of which is a shared frame of reference); clarifies what irony is not (coincidence, paradox, satire) and what it can be (among other things, a socially acceptable way to express hostility); recounts ways that people can signal their ironic intentions; and considers the difficulties of online irony. Finally, he wonders if, because irony refers to so many different phenomena, people may gradually stop using the word, with sarcasm taking over its verbal duties.
How AI Is Transforming the Organization
Authors: MIT Sloan Management Review  
Published: March 2020

A clear-eyed look at how AI can complement (rather than eliminate) human jobs, with real-world examples from companies that range from Netflix to Walmart.
Descriptions of AI's possible effects on businesses and their employees cycle between utopian hype and alarmist doomsaying. This book from MIT Sloan Management Review avoids both these extremes, providing instead a clear-eyed look at how AI can complement (rather than eliminate) human jobs, with real-world examples from companies that range from Netflix to Walmart. The contributors show that organizations can create business value with AI by cooperating with it rather than relinquishing control to it. The smartest companies know that they don't need AI that mimics humans because they already have access to resources with human capability—actual humans.
The book acknowledges the prominent role of such leading technology companies as Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix, and Google in applying AI to their businesses, but it goes beyond the FAANG cohort to look at AI applications in many nontechnology companies, including DHL and Fidelity. The chapters address such topics as retraining workers (who may be more ready for change than their companies are); the importance of motivated and knowledgeable leaders; the danger that AI will entrench less-than-ideal legacy processes; ways that AI could promote gender equality and diversity; AI and the global loneliness epidemic; and the benefits of robot–human collaboration.
Contributors
Cynthia M. Beath, Megan Beck, Joe Biron, Erik Brynjolfsson, Jacques Bughin, Rumman Chowdhury, Paul R. Daugherty, Thomas H. Davenport, Chris DeBrusk, Berkeley J. Dietvorst, Janet Foutty, James R. Freeland, R. Edward Freeman, Julian Friedland, Lynda Gratton, Francis Hintermann, Vivek Katyal, David Kiron, Frieda Klotz, Jonathan Lang, Barry Libert, Paul Michelman, Daniel Rock, Sam Ransbotham, Jeanne W. Ross, Eva Sage-Gavin, Chad Syverson, Monideepa Tarafdar, Gregory Unruh, Madhu Vazirani, H. James Wilson
absence of clutter
Authors: Stephens Paul 
Published: March 2020

An exploration of minimal writing—texts generally shorter than a sentence—as complex, powerful literary and visual works.
In the 1960s and 70s, minimal and conceptual artists stripped language down to its most basic components: the word and the letter. Barbara Kruger, Jenny Holzer, Carl Andre, Lawrence Weiner, and others built lucrative careers from text-based art. Meanwhile, poets and writers created works of minimal writing—visual texts generally shorter than a sentence. (One poem by Aram Saroyan reads in its entirety: eyeye.) In absence of clutter, Paul Stephens offers the first comprehensive account of minimal writing, arguing that it is equal in complexity and power to better-known, more commercial text-based art.
Minimal writing, Stephens writes, can be beguilingly simple on the surface, but can also offer iterative reading experiences on multiple levels, from the fleeting to the ponderous. “absence of clutter,” for example, the entire text of a poem by Robert Grenier, is both expressive and self-descriptive. Stephens first sets out a theoretical framework for reading and viewing minimal writing and then offers close readings of works of minimal writing by Saroyan, Grenier, Norman Pritchard, Natalie Czech, and others. He “reverse engineers” recent works by Jen Bervin, Craig Dworkin, and Christian Bök that draw on molecular biology, and explores print-on-demand books by Holly Melgard, code poetry by Nick Montfort, Twitter-based work by Allison Parrish, and the use of Instagram by Hans-Ulrich Obrist and Saroyan. Text, it seems, is becoming ever more prevalent in visual art; meanwhile, poems are getting shorter. When reading has become scanning a screen and writing tapping out a text, absence of clutter invites us to reflect on how we read, see, and pay attention.
Rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities during the growth of Angelica sinensis seedlings cultivated in an Alpine uncultivated meadow soil
Authors: An Zhigang , Guo Fengxia , Chen Yuan , Bai Gang , Chen Zhengjun 
Published: March 2020

Background
Angelica sinensis seedlings are grown in alpine uncultivated meadow soil with rainfed agroecosystems to ensure the quality of A. sinensis after seedling transplantation. The aim was to investigate the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities during the growth stages of A. sinensis seedlings.

Methods
The bacterial and fungal communities were investigated by HiSeq sequencing of 16S and 18S rDNA, respectively.

Results
Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were bacterial dominant phyla throughout growth stages. Fungal dominant phyla varied with growth stages, dominant phyla Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota in AM5, dominant phyla Basidiomycota, Ascomycota and Zygomycota in BM5, and dominant phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota in CM5. There was no significant variation in the alpha-diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities, but significant variation was in the beta-diversity. We found that the variation of microbial community composition was accompanied by the changes in community function. The relative abundance of fungal pathogens increased with plant growth. We also identified the core microbes, significant-changing microbes, stage-specific microbes, and host-specific microbes. Plant weight, root length, root diameter, soil pH, rainfall, and climate temperature were the key divers to microbial community composition.

Conclusions
Our findings reported the variation and environmental drivers of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities during the growth of A. sinensis seedlings, which enhance the understanding of the rhizosphere microbial community in this habitat.
Corroles
Authors: Patra Bratati , Mondal Sruti , Kar Sanjib 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article covers the chemistry of corroles, tetrapyrrole macrocycles having relevance with biologically relevant corrin ring of vitamin B12. Corroles are 18π electron aromatic systems like porphyrin. Despite few similarities, corroles have some major differences with porphyrin. Unlike porphyrin, which is dianionic in nature, the inner N4 coordination core of corroles consists of three amino nitrogens and one imino nitrogen, and thus corroles act as trianionic chelating ligands. Corroles are more acidic than porphyrin. As the corrole core is more compressed than porphyrin, the inner π system is more electron rich. Thus, it can stabilize higher oxidation states of metals. Various interesting spectroscopic properties and wide range of applications make corrole one of the most intriguing macrocycles in the porphyrinoid chemistry.
Dosimetric evaluation of synthetic CT generated with GANs for MRI‐only proton therapy treatment planning of brain tumors
Authors: Kazemifar Samaneh , Barragán Montero Ana M. , Souris Kevin , Rivas Sara T. , Timmerman Robert , Park Yang K. , Jiang Steve , Geets Xavier , Sterpin Edmond , Owrangi Amir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to address the dosimetric accuracy of synthetic computed tomography (sCT) images of patients with brain tumor generated using a modified generative adversarial network (GAN) method, for their use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐only treatment planning for proton therapy.MethodsDose volume histogram (DVH) analysis was performed on CT and sCT images of patients with brain tumor for plans generated for intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT). All plans were robustly optimized using a commercially available treatment planning system (RayStation, from RaySearch Laboratories) and standard robust parameters reported in the literature. The IMPT plan was then used to compute the dose on CT and sCT images for dosimetric comparison, using RayStation analytical (pencil beam) dose algorithm. We used a second, independent Monte Carlo dose calculation engine to recompute the dose on both CT and sCT images to ensure a proper analysis of the dosimetric accuracy of the sCT images.ResultsThe results extracted from RayStation showed excellent agreement for most DVH metrics computed on the CT and sCT for the nominal case, with a mean absolute difference below 0.5% (0.3 Gy) of the prescription dose for the clinical target volume (CTV) and below 2% (1.2 Gy) for the organs at risk (OARs) considered. This demonstrates a high dosimetric accuracy for the generated sCT images, especially in the target volume. The metrics obtained from the Monte Carlo doses mostly agreed with the values extracted from RayStation for the nominal and worst‐case scenarios (mean difference below 3%).ConclusionsThis work demonstrated the feasibility of using sCT generated with a GAN‐based deep learning method for MRI‐only treatment planning of patients with brain tumor in intensity‐modulated proton therapy.
Reversible obstruction of the olfactory cleft: impact on olfactory perception and nasal patency
Authors: Besser Gerold , Liu David T. , Renner Bertold , Hummel Thomas , Mueller Christian A. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundTemporary disruption of sensory input can be studied relatively easily for vision or hearing by covering the eyes or ears. In contrast, closing the nostrils affects not only the sense of smell, but also the ability to breathe through the nose and humidify and warm inhaled air. We hypothesized that filling the olfactory cleft (OC) with dissolvable nasal dressing (foam) would temporarily block olfaction while respecting nasal airflow.MethodsIn 30 healthy volunteers, the OC was unilaterally obstructed in a back‐to‐front fashion. Orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function were tested before and after foam application. Ratings of odors and subjective nasal patency (SNP) were collected. Peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) was used to measure nasal patency.ResultsFoam was safely applied in every case using minimal instruments. No complications were reported. Orthonasal and retronasal test results decreased significantly in overall participants (all p < 0.0008). Indicating temporary anosmia, 3 subjects reached the lowest possible score for odor‐threshold testing, with corresponding drops in retronasal test scores. PNIF values before and after foam application were not significantly different (p = 0.11). SNP ratings decreased slightly, but not significantly (p = 0.052). Odor‐intensity ratings dropped significantly (all p < 0.05).ConclusionThe OC can be safely obstructed with dissolvable nasal dressing, resulting in a decrease in odor‐intensity and orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function test scores. This procedure may serve as a hyposmia model that maintains normal nasal airflow.