bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID‐US: A simplified approach to cardiopulmonary ultrasound in suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 patients in surge crisis
Authors: Yang Yang , Anstey James , Yastrebov Konstantin , Nanjayya Vinodh Bhagyalakshmi , Orde Sam , Nalos Marek , Costello Cartan , Ryan Nicholas Patrick George 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID‐19) pandemic has placed an unprecedented challenge on healthcare systems across the globe. Rapid assessment of the cardiorespiratory function to monitor disease progression and guide treatment is essential. Therefore, we have designed the COVID‐US: a simplified cardiopulmonary ultrasound approach to use in suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 patients, to aid front‐line health workers in their decision‐making in a surge crisis.
Self‐reported olfactory loss associates with outpatient clinical course in COVID‐19
Authors: Yan Carol H. , Faraji Farhoud , Prajapati Divya P. , Ostrander Benjamin T. , DeConde Adam S. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundRapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus has left many health systems around the world overwhelmed, forcing triaging of scarce medical resources. Identifying indicators of hospital admission for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients early in the disease course could aid the efficient allocation of medical interventions. Self‐reported olfactory impairment has recently been recognized as a hallmark of COVID‐19 and may be an important predictor of clinical outcome.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients presenting to a San Diego Hospital system with laboratory‐confirmed positive COVID‐19 infection was conducted with evaluation of olfactory and gustatory function and clinical disease course. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for hospital admission and anosmia.ResultsA total of 169 patients tested positive for COVID‐19 disease between March 3 and April 8, 2020. Olfactory and gustatory data were obtained for 128 (75.7%) of 169 subjects, of which 26 (20.1%) of 128 required hospitalization. Admission for COVID‐19 was associated with intact sense of smell and taste, increased age, diabetes, and subjective and objective parameters associated with respiratory failure. On adjusted analysis, anosmia was strongly and independently associated with outpatient care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01‐0.74), whereas positive findings of pulmonary infiltrates and/or pleural effusion on chest radiograph (aOR 8.01; 95% CI, 1.12‐57.49) was strongly and independently associated with admission.ConclusionNormosmia is an independent predictor of admission in COVID‐19 cases. Smell loss in COVID‐19 may be associated with a milder clinical course.
The thin edge of the wedge: Extremely high extinction risk in wedgefishes and giant guitarfishes
Authors: Kyne Peter M. , Jabado Rima W. , Rigby Cassandra L. , Dharmadi  , Gore Mauvis A. , Pollock Caroline M. , Herman Katelyn B. , Cheok Jessica , Ebert David A. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The process of understanding the rapid global decline of sawfishes (Pristidae) has revealed great concern for their relatives, the wedgefishes (Rhinidae) and giant guitarfishes (Glaucostegidae), not least because all three families are targeted for their high‐value and internationally traded ‘white’ fins.
The objective of this study was to assess the extinction risk of all 10 wedgefishes and six giant guitarfishes by applying the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List Categories and Criteria, and to summarize the latest understanding of their biogeography and habitat, life history, exploitation, use and trade, and population status. Three of the 10 wedgefish species had not been assessed previously for the IUCN Red List.
Wedgefishes and giant guitarfishes have overtaken sawfishes as the most imperilled marine fish families globally, with all but one of the 16 species facing an extremely high risk of extinction through a combination of traits: limited biological productivity; presence in shallow waters overlapping with some of the most intense and increasing coastal fisheries in the world; and overexploitation in target and by‐catch fisheries, driven by the need for animal protein and food security in coastal communities and the trade in meat and high‐value fins.
Two species with very restricted ranges, the clown wedgefish (Rhynchobatus cooki) of the Malay Archipelago and the false shark ray (Rhynchorhina mauritaniensis) of Mauritania, may be very close to extinction.
Only the eyebrow wedgefish (Rhynchobatus palpebratus) is not assessed as Critically Endangered, with it occurring primarily in Australia where fishing pressure is low and some management measures are in place. Australia represents a ‘lifeboat’ for the three wedgefish and one giant guitarfish species occurring there.
To conserve populations and permit recovery, a suite of measures will be required that will need to include species protection, spatial management, by‐catch mitigation, and harvest and international trade management, all of which will be dependent on effective enforcement.
High gene flow in two migratory Neotropical fish species, Salminus franciscanus and Brycon orthotaenia, and implications for conservation aquaculture
Authors: Coimbra Maria R.M. , Dantas Hozana L. , Luna Manuela M.S. , Lima Maíra A. , Sales Mondrian , da Silva Bruno C.N.R. , Lima Ana P.S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Two migratory and endangered freshwater fish species, Salminus franciscanus and Brycon orthotaenia, are endemic to one of the most important basins for hydropower capacity in South America. These two fish are target species of conservation aquaculture programmes along the São Francisco River system.
In order to implement effective strategies for the conservation of these species, microsatellite markers were developed and used to assess the genetic diversity and structure among wild groups. Fish were collected during the spawning season at four sampling sites, covering more than 1000 km.
Polymorphism loci were assessed, and a total of 133 and 107 alleles were found for S. franciscanus and B. orthotaenia, respectively. Despite the critical conservation status, B. orthotaenia showed high levels of genetic diversity, comparable with those of other closely related species.
Salminus franciscanus exhibited half of the genetic diversity of its sister species in terms of allelic diversity, indicating that this species will be more prone to genetic drift and inbreeding in conservation aquaculture programmes.
The results of an analysis of molecular variance for microsatellite markers in these species (FST = 0.007 for S. franciscanus and FST = 0.003 for B. orthotaenia) and the estimated recent migration rates (>40% among sampling sites) support panmixia in both species, despite the heterogeneities of the riverscape.
The results of this study and the microsatellites developed will play an important role in assisting agencies in making informed decisions on conservation aquaculture programmes.
Single‐Step Synthesis of Mesoporous Carbon Nitride/Molybdenum Sulfide Nanohybrids for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Sungho , Cha Wangsoo , Ramadass Kavitha , Singh Gurwinder , Kim In Young , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising candidate as a high‐performing anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its large interlayer spacing. However, it suffers from continued capacity fading. This problem could be overcome by hybridizing MoS2 with nanostructured carbon‐based materials, but it is quite challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a single‐step strategy for the preparation of MoS2 coupled with ordered mesoporous carbon nitride using a nanotemplating approach which involves the pyrolysis of phosphomolybdic acid hydrate (PMA), dithiooxamide (DTO) and 5‐amino‐1H‐tetrazole (5‐ATTZ) together in the porous channels of 3D mesoporous silica template. The sulfidation to MoS2, polymerization to carbon nitride (CN) and their hybridization occur simultaneously within a mesoporous silica template during a calcination process. The CN/MoS2 hybrid prepared by this unique approach is highly pure and exhibits good crystallinity as well as delivers excellent performance for SIBs with specific capacities of 605 and 431 mAhg−1 at current densities of 100 and 1000 mAg−1, respectively, for SIBs.
Addressing Challenging Behavior During Hospitalizations for Children with Autism: A Pilot Applied Behavior Analysis Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sanders Kevin , Staubitz John , Juárez A. Pablo , Marler Sarah , Browning Whitney , McDonnell Erin , Altstein Lily , Macklin Eric A. , Warren Zachary 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the feasibility, acceptance, and potential clinical benefit of brief applied behavior analysis (ABA)—based interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) displaying challenging behaviors during hospitalizations. Participants included 36 children diagnosed with ASD, 6–17 years of age, who were medically or psychiatrically hospitalized. Children in the intervention group received a brief ABA intervention and were compared to children in the evaluation and monitoring‐only group. Families and staff recommended the intervention, children receiving the intervention demonstrated significantly more improvement in unblinded ratings of clinical severity, data from physicians indicated a positive effect of the intervention on levels of staffing and restraints and attending medical providers universally reported satisfaction and benefit of the intervention. Improvements in challenging behaviors were not significantly different as reported by parents, and the length of hospitalization did not differ between the groups. Ultimately, the outcomes of this pilot study suggest incorporating specialized ABA‐based assessment and intervention during hospitalization may be feasible and well accepted by clinicians and families. However, future research must address potent methodological challenges related to capturing meaningful data during hospitalizations in order to answer questions of ultimate pragmatic, clinical, and system‐level benefits. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02339935, Registered 16 January 2015, First participant consented 23 February 2015. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1072‐1078. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryInpatient hospitalizations for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and severe behavior are common, challenging, and costly in terms of human experience. This study evaluated the benefit of brief applied behavior analysis‐based interventions to children and adolescents with ASD displaying challenging behaviors during hospitalizations. Families and staff evaluating the procedures noted perceived potential benefits of the intervention, but this initial pilot study did not document changes in hospitalization length or blinded rating of improvement.
Optimisation of Formation and Conditioning Protocols for Lithium‐Ion Electric Vehicle Batteries
Authors: Rubio Lopez Irene , Lain Michael J. , Kendrick Emma 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe formation process and subsequent conditioning (cell ageing) protocols for a commercial EV lithium‐ion cell chemistry have been studied to understand their effect on the electrochemical performance and chemical interface. The temperature and duration were varied for both the formation and conditioning steps, and the state of charge was investigated for the conditioning step. The optimum conditioning temperature was shown to be dependent on the previous formation conditions. After formation at room temperature, a longer cycle life was observed when conditioning was performed at 5 °C. After formation at 5 °C, conditioning at 45 °C gave the best cycle life. These results show that the conditioning process is important for cell longevity, and is dependent upon the initial formation. The formation process creates an initial interface layer from reduction of the electrolyte, which rearranges chemically during conditioning. The rearrangement has been followed though impedance studies and XPS analysis. After conditioning at 45 °C, surface analysis of the graphite showed increased quantities of boron and phosphorus in the interface layer, and the fluorine content increased by 20 % during the conditioning process. For low temperature formation, greater levels of lithium and oxygen were observed, which subsequently decreased during conditioning.
Phytochemical composition profile and space–time accumulation of secondary metabolites for Dracocephalum moldavica Linn. via UPLC–Q/TOF–MS and HPLC–DAD method
Authors: Wu Chao , Liu Hanze , Rong Xiaojuan , Liu Jiahao , Ding Wenzheng , Cheng Xuemei , Xing Jianguo , Wang Changhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aerial parts of Dracocephalum moldavica L. are extensively used in traditional ethnic medicines in China as a remedy for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular damage. However, the chemical composition and the accumulation of main secondary metabolites of D. moldavica in different natural environments remain unclear. This study aimed to conduct a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the main secondary metabolites to explore the quality variation of D. moldavica in markets. The evaluation of space–time accumulation of main secondary metabolites in D. moldavica was carried out during different growth periods and in different geographical locations. A total of 35 ingredients were detected and 24 identified, including 21 flavonoids, two phenolic acids and one coumarin by UPLC–QTOF–MS method. Furthermore, a simple and convenient HPLC method was successfully developed for the simultaneous determination of lutelin‐7‐O‐glucuronide and tilianin and rosmarinic acid in D. moldavica. The results of space–time accumulation analysis showed the distinct variation of secondary metabolites of D. moldavica with the growth period and geographical location. Finally, the current study provided a meaningful and useful approach for comprehensively evaluating the quality of D. moldavica.
Molecularly imprinted cryogel cartridges for the selective recognition of tyrosine
Authors: Bakhshpour Monireh , Göktürk Ilgım , Bereli Nilay , Denizli Adil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymers are used for creating a specific cavity and selective recognition sites for the structure of a target molecule in a polymeric structure. In this study, specific molecularly imprinted cryogel cartridges were synthesized using two distinct functional monomers to compare imprinting efficiency for the selective recognition of Tyrosine (Tyr). Tyr‐imprinted cryogel cartridge (MIP1) was prepared using metal‐chelate coordination for the imprinting process by free‐radical bulk polymerization under frozen conditions, and Tyr‐imprinted cryogel cartridge (MIP2) was prepared in the same way using hydrophobic effects for imprinting. After the characterization of the cryogel cartridges was carried out, the optimum adsorption conditions of both were determined according to the different parameters such as flow rate (0.5–2.5 ml/min), pH of the medium (4.0–8.0), initial Tyr concentration (0.1–3.0 mg/ml), and temperature (4–45°C). Selectivity experiments of Tyr‐imprinted and non‐imprinted cryogel cartridges were carried out by using phenylalanine, tryptophan, and cysteine. Besides, the eluted Tyr from MIP1 and MIP2 cryogel cartridge were applied to FPLC system. Also, the reusability experiments of Tyr‐imprinted cryogel cartridges was observed no significant decrease in the adsorption capacity.
Associations between prostate cancer‐related anxiety and health‐related quality of life
Authors: Erim Daniel O. , Bennett Antonia V. , Gaynes Bradley N. , Basak Ram S. , Usinger Deborah , Chen Ronald C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are uncertainties about prostate cancer‐related anxiety's (PCRA) associations with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and major depression, and these could affect the quality of mental healthcare provided to prostate cancer patients. Addressing these uncertainties will provide more insight into PCRA and inform further research on the value of PCRA prevention. The goals of this study were to measure associations between PCRA and HRQOL at domain and subdomain levels, and to evaluate the association between PCRA and probable (ie, predicted major) depression.MethodWe analyzed secondary cross‐sectional data from the North Carolina Prostate Cancer Comparative Effectiveness & Survivorship Study (NC ProCESS—a population‐based cohort of prostate cancer patients enrolled shortly after diagnosis [between January 2011 and June 2013] and followed prospectively). Patient‐reported measures of PCRA and HRQOL from 1,016 enrollees who participated in NC ProCESS’s 1‐year follow‐up survey were assessed. Outcomes of interests were a) linear correlations between contemporaneous memorial anxiety scale for prostate cancer (MAX‐PC) and Short Form 12 (SF‐12) scores, and b) measures of association between indicators of clinically significant PCRA (ie, MAX‐PC > 27) and probable depression during survey contact (ie, SF‐12 mental component score ≤43).ResultsPCRA measures had notable associations with SF‐12’s mental health subscale (assesses low mood/nervousness [rho = −0.42]) and emotional role functioning subscale (assesses subjective productivity loss [rho = −0.46]). Additionally, the risk of probable depression was significantly higher in participants with clinically significant PCRA compared with those without it (weighed risk ratio = 5.3, 95% confidence interval 3.6‐7.8; P < .001).ConclusionProstate cancer patients with clinically significant PCRA should be assessed for major depression and productivity loss.
Simulating the impact of centralization of prostate cancer surgery services on travel burden and equity in the English National Health Service: A national population based model for health service re‐design
Authors: Aggarwal Ajay , van der Geest Stéphanie A. , Lewis Daniel , van der Meulen Jan , Varkevisser Marco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited evidence on the impact of centralization of cancer treatment services on patient travel burden and access to treatment. Using prostate cancer surgery as an example, this national study analysis aims to simulate the effect of different centralization scenarios on the number of center closures, patient travel times, and equity in access.MethodsWe used patient‐level data on all men (n = 19,256) undergoing radical prostatectomy in the English National Health Service between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014, and considered three scenarios for centralization of prostate cancer surgery services A: procedure volume, B: availability of specialized services, and C: optimization of capacity. The probability of patients travelling to each of the remaining centers in the choice set was predicted using a conditional logit model, based on preferences revealed through actual hospital selections. Multivariable linear regression analysed the impact on travel time according to patient characteristics.ResultsScenarios A, B, and C resulted in the closure of 28, 24, and 37 of the 65 radical prostatectomy centers, respectively, affecting 3993 (21%), 5763 (30%), and 7896 (41%) of the men in the study. Despite similar numbers of center closures the expected average increase on travel time was very different for scenario B (+15 minutes) and A (+28 minutes). A distance minimization approach, assigning patients to their next nearest center, with patient preferences not considered, estimated a lower impact on travel burden in all scenarios. The additional travel burden on older, sicker, less affluent patients was evident, but where significant, the absolute difference was very small.ConclusionThe study provides an innovative simulation approach using national patient‐level datasets, patient preferences based on actual hospital selections, and personal characteristics to inform health service planning. With this approach, we demonstrated for prostate cancer surgery that three different centralization scenarios would lead to similar number of center closures but to different increases in patient travel time, whilst all having a minimal impact on equity.
Helicid Reverses Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Inflammation and Promotes GDNF Levels in C6 Glioma Cells through Modulation of Prepronociceptin
Authors: Zhang Yuanxiang , Luan Di , Liu Yanhao , Li Hongjin , Dong Jian , Zhang Xiaotong , Yuan Lili , Zhong Zhengling , Jiang Lan , Li Xuyi , Ye Mingquan , Tong Jiucui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHelicid suppresses inflammatory factors and protects nerve cells in the hippocampus of rats with depression, but the mechanisms underlying its protective effects are unclear at present. In this investigation, we conducted gene silencing, Helicid intervention and rescue experiments to explore the protective actions of PNOC, the prepronociceptin gene known to regulate inflammatory processes, and Helicid on a C6 cell model of inflammation induced by LPS. Collective data from Western blots, ELISA, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry experiments showed that PNOC silencing or administration of Helicid led to reduced inflammatory factor levels, oxidative stress and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), along with increased glial cell lines‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression. Furthermore, expression of p‐Akt in the Akt signaling pathway was increased. Interestingly, overexpression of PNOC in the Helicid treatment group partially reversed the Helicid‐induced changes in the above biochemical indexes. Our collective results provide strong evidence of Helicid‐mediated regulation of the Akt signaling pathway through PNOC to improve cell inflammation and oxidative stress.
Diterpenoids and Flavonoids from the Twigs of Cephalotaxus fortunei var. alpina
Authors: Huang Qing‐Pu , Guo Kai , Liu Yan , Liu Yan‐Chun , Li Wen‐Yuan , Geng Hao , Wang Ying , Li Sheng‐Hong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThree new diterpenoids (a cephalotane, an abietane and a 9(10→20)‐abeo‐abietane) and one new flavonoid, together with 11 known compounds, were isolated from the twigs of Cephalotaxus fortunei var. alpina. The new compounds were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic (including 1D and 2D‐NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS) analysis. Anti‐inflammatory, immunosuppressive and cytotoxic activities of three new compounds were evaluated. 3β,20‐epoxyabieta‐8,11,13‐triene‐3α,12‐diol showed weak cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines NCI−H1975, HepG2, MCF‐7, while fortalpinoid R and 3‐acetonyl‐3,5,7,4′‐tetrahydroxy‐2‐methoxyflavanone were not active at 80 μM. None of these compounds showed anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities.