bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Riverine spawning, long distance larval drift, and floodplain recruitment of a pelagophilic fish: A case study of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the arid Darling River, Australia
Authors: Stuart Ivor G. , Sharpe Clayton P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Pelagic spawning riverine fish (pelagophils) spawn in free‐flowing river habitats with downstream drift of eggs and larvae but the spatial scale is often unknown, and this constitutes a major ecological knowledge gap.
In the arid Darling River in south‐eastern Australia, the present objectives were: (i) to determine the potential downstream dispersal distance of young golden perch (Macquaria ambigua); and (ii) to evaluate whether provision of environmental water enhanced dispersal of young fish from Menindee Lakes to the lower Darling River (LDR) while also cueing further spawning in downstream lotic reaches.
Golden perch spawned in unregulated lotic tributaries on a flood pulse and larvae drifted or dispersed >1,600 km downstream and entered large ephemeral productive floodplain lake nursery habitats as fully scaled fingerlings.
Planned releases of environmental water cued golden perch spawning in the LDR and enabled juvenile fish to disperse downstream from the Menindee Lakes nursery into receiving populations in the LDR, Great Darling Anabranch, and southern Murray River, with some fish potentially completing an active migration of >2,100 km by age 1 year.
The Darling River case study highlights the need for a system‐scale approach to the conservation management of pelagophilic fish, along with multi‐year perennial flow strategies to improve ecosystem integrity in large rivers globally.
Development of Stimulus‐Responsive Degradable Film via Codeposition of Dopamine and Cystamine
Authors: Jeong Wonwoo , Kim Eunseok , Jeong Jaehoon , Bisht Himani , Kang Hyeongeun , Hong Daewha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein, we report a degradable film that can be coated on various substrates by the codeposition of dopamine and cystamine. The thickness of the resulting film (pDC) varies depending on the initial ratio of dopamine/cystamine dissolved in a solution; the thickest film (ca. 60 nm) is obtained under optimized codeposition conditions. Selective degradation of pDC occurs in the presence of tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), the reaction kinetics of which are highly dependent on the TCEP concentration. For further application as a drug‐delivery platform, doxorubicin can be loaded within the pDC film, which is released actively under film degradation in response to TCEP. We expect that the developed pDC film will be a useful tool for developing drug delivery cargo, antibacterial surface, and cell surface coating for various biomedical applications.
Validation of a simple diagnostic relationship for downslope flows
Authors: Cuxart Joan , Martínez‐Villagrasa Daniel , Stiperski Ivana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA simple conceptual view of downslope flows allows a derivation of a diagnostic relationship between the maximum depth of the flow, its speed, the slope angle and the cooling flux. This relationship is obtained considering that the turbulence cooling causing the air to flow downslope is essentially compensated by the warming by compression as the flow reaches higher pressure levels. The obtained relationship is consistent with the bulk heat budget for the along‐slope flows, and its agreement with existing prognostic layer‐averaged models is checked. Finally, the depth of the flow obtained from the diagnostic relationship is compared against the observational estimations of katabatic flows from two experimental campaigns.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen und Konstruktionstechniken für Glasfassaden
Authors: Teich Martien , Bauchinger Christoph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGanzglaskonstruktionen sind gleichermaßen reduziert wie komplex. Dabei werden die Bereiche Design, Engineering, Tragwerksplanung, Logistik, Fertigung und Montage eng vernetzt, um die Grenzen des Machbaren immer neu zu verschieben. Aber nicht nur Projekte, in denen Glas eine statisch tragende Rolle spielt, zählen zu den Highlights. Auch die Designanforderungen von Stahl‐Glas‐Konstruktionen werden zunehmend herausfordernder und komplexer. Anhand einiger Projektbeispiele wird die Vielfalt von Glas im Bauwesen aufgezeigt. So bspw. mit dem Ganzglasprojekt ICONSIAM. 2018 erhielt die Skyline von Bangkok mit dem Luxuskaufhaus ICONSIAM ein 750 000 m2 großes Wahrzeichen am Fluss Chao Phraya. Der Entwurf von Urban Architects sah ein über drei Geschosse reichendes „Riesenschaufenster“ vor, das durch Transparenz, minimalistische Detaillösungen und eine besondere Formensprache besticht. Die Form der 5 300 m2 großen Fassade stellte sich geometrisch anspruchsvoll dar: aus bauseitigen Gründen wurde die Glasfassade an der Decke hängend ausgeführt, wobei die Glasscheiben in zwei Richtungen geneigt und in einem Zick‐Zack‐Muster angeordnet sind. Die Gesamthöhe der Ganzglasfassade beträgt 24 m. An diesem und weiteren Beispielen aus der Praxis zeigt sich, wie komplex Ganzglaskonstruktionen sind; wie sie jedoch mit innovativen Techniken und Konstruktionsprinzipien in höchster Qualität realisiert werden können.
Impact of Mushrooms’ Vegetative Places and Morphological Parts of a Fruiting Body on the Fatty Acids Profile of Wild Leccinum aurantiacum and Leccinum versipelle
Authors: Pietrzak‐Fiećko Renata , Gałgowska Michalina , Falandysz Jerzy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to indicate potential differences in composition of fatty acids between two mushroom species as well as to examine the impact of mushrooms’ vegetative places and morphological parts of a fruiting body on the fatty acids profile. The research material consisted of 72 samples of wild Leccinum aurantiacum and Leccinum versipelle in the form of caps and stipes, collected from three selected regions of Poland. Determination of the examined compounds was performed by gas chromatography (FID). Linoleic (C18 : 2), oleic (C18 : 1) and palmitic (C16:0) acids were the predominant compounds in all samples under study. The profile of fatty acids in Leccinum aurantiacum and Leccinum versipelle was varied depending on mushroom species, a region and morphological parts of a fruiting body. The high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in polish L. aurantiacum and L. versipelle provides that the mushroom may be recommended in different types of diets.
Empirical likelihood for nonlinear regression models with nonignorable missing responses
Authors: Yang Zhihuang , Tang Niansheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article develops three empirical likelihood (EL) approaches to estimate parameters in nonlinear regression models in the presence of nonignorable missing responses. These are based on the inverse probability weighted (IPW) method, the augmented IPW (AIPW) method and the imputation technique. A logistic regression model is adopted to specify the propensity score. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate parameters in the propensity score by combining the idea of importance sampling and imputing estimating equations. Under some regularity conditions, we obtain the asymptotic properties of the maximum EL estimators of these unknown parameters. Simulation studies are conducted to investigate the finite sample performance of our proposed estimation procedures. Empirical results provide evidence that the AIPW procedure exhibits better performance than the other two procedures. Data from a survey conducted in 2002 are used to illustrate the proposed estimation procedure.The Canadian Journal of Statistics48: 386–416; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada
Sex steroid hormone function in the brain niche: Implications for brain metastatic colonization and progression
Authors: Contreras‐Zárate María J. , Cittelly Diana M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile sex hormones and their receptors play well‐known roles in progression of primary tumors through direct action on sex steroid hormone‐responsive cancer cells, emerging evidence suggest that hormones also play important roles in metastatic progression by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Estrogens and androgens synthesized in gonads and within the brain influence memory, behavior, and outcomes of brain pathologies. Yet, their impact on brain metastatic colonization and progression is just beginning to be explored.Recent findingsEstradiol and testosterone cross the blood‐brain barrier and are synthesized de novo in astrocytes and other cells within the adult brain. Circulating and brain‐synthesized estrogens have been shown to promote brain metastatic colonization of tumors lacking estrogen receptors (ERs), through mechanisms involving the upregulation of growth factors and neurotrophins in ER+ reactive astrocytes. In this review, we discuss additional mechanisms by which hormones may influence brain metastases, through modulation of brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia.ConclusionA greater understanding of hormone‐brain‐tumor interactions may shed further light on the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of cancer cells to the brain niche, and provide therapeutic alternatives modulating the brain metastatic niche.
The peculiarities and challenges of integrating generic forms of knowledge into the upper‐secondary curriculum:A Bernsteinian analysisof ‘Communication’ and ‘Application of Number’ in the Welsh Baccalaureate
Authors: Bibila Stavroula 
Published: March 2020

Throughout the past 40 years, a number of terms have been used in the UK to refer to competency‐based pedagogies that focus on preparing students for everyday ‘life’ and employment. The evolution of these generic forms of knowledge in official curricula has been accompanied by harsh practical realities when it comes to teaching, assessing and certifying them. These practical realities counterbalance the strong supportgenericskillismenjoys in policy discourses that centre on employability and universalism in upper‐secondary education. By drawing upon Bernstein's sociological insights and data collected and analysed as part of a study that sought to examine the compulsory integration of Communication and Application of Number into the Welsh Baccalaureate Advanced Diploma (legacy qualification), this paper offers new empirical observations into the persistent peculiarities and challenges of teaching and assessing generic forms of pedagogised knowledge. The discussion takes into consideration practical and policy dimensions that extend beyond individual education sites in Wales and are also relevant to the 2017 review of the new Essential Skills Wales qualifications, ongoing developments following the 2018 review of the Welsh Baccalaureate Skills Challenge Certificate, and the Council of the EU 2018 Recommendation of Key Competences for Lifelong Learning.
Remembering where we are: Positional information in salamander limb regeneration
Authors: Flowers Grant Parker , Crews Craig M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFifty years ago, Lewis Wolpert defined an important question in developmental biology: how are cell fates determined by the positions of cells within a system? He proposed that cells retain positional values as if they lie within a coordinate system and that the interpretation of these values produces patterns in development. He referred to this concept as positional information. Though initially controversial, this concept of positional information has proven to be profoundly influential in developmental biology. One area in which the influence of Wolpert's theoretical work can be clearly demonstrated is the study of limb regeneration in salamanders. Here, we review the work in limb regeneration leading up to Wolpert defining the concept of positional information and how his theory has guided regeneration research over the subsequent 50 years.
Occupancy versus colonization–extinction models for projecting population trends at different spatial scales
Authors: Nordén Jenni , Harrison Philip J. , Mair Louise , Siitonen Juha , Lundström Anders , Kindvall Oskar , Snäll Tord 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding spatiotemporal population trends and their drivers is a key aim in population ecology. We further need to be able to predict how the dynamics and sizes of populations are affected in the long term by changing landscapes and climate. However, predictions of future population trends are sensitive to a range of modeling assumptions. Deadwood‐dependent fungi are an excellent system for testing the performance of different predictive models of sessile species as these species have different rarity and spatial population dynamics, the populations are structured at different spatial scales, and they utilize distinct substrates. We tested how the projected large‐scale occupancies of species with differing landscape‐scale occupancies are affected over the coming century by different modeling assumptions. We compared projections based on occupancy models against colonization–extinction models, conducting the modeling at alternative spatial scales and using fine‐ or coarse‐resolution deadwood data. We also tested effects of key explanatory variables on species occurrence and colonization–extinction dynamics. The hierarchical Bayesian models applied were fitted to an extensive repeated survey of deadwood and fungi at 174 patches. We projected higher occurrence probabilities and more positive trends using the occupancy models compared to the colonization–extinction models, with greater difference for the species with lower occupancy, colonization rate, and colonization:extinction ratio than for the species with higher estimates of these statistics. The magnitude of future increase in occupancy depended strongly on the spatial modeling scale and resource resolution. We encourage using colonization–extinction models over occupancy models, modeling the process at the finest resource‐unit resolution that is utilizable by the species, and conducting projections for the same spatial scale and resource resolution at which the model fitting is conducted. Further, the models applied should include key variables driving the metapopulation dynamics, such as the availability of suitable resource units, habitat quality, and spatial connectivity.
Population modelling and genetics of a critically endangered Madagascan palm Tahina spectabilis
Authors: Shapcott Alison , James Heather , Simmons Laura , Shimizu Yoko , Gardiner Lauren , Rabehevitra David , Letsara Rokiman , Cable Stuart , Dransfield John , Baker William J. , Rakotoarinivo Mijoro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMadagascar is home to 208 indigenous palm species, almost all of them endemic and >80% of which are endangered. We undertook complete population census and sampling for genetic analysis of a relatively recently discovered giant fan palm, the Critically Endangered Tahina spectablis in 2008 and 2016. Our 2016 study included newly discovered populations and added to our genetic study. We incorporated these new populations into species distribution niche model (SDM) and projected these onto maps of the region. We developed population matrix models based on observed demographic data to model population change and predict the species vulnerability to extinction by undertaking population viability analysis (PVA). We investigated the potential conservation value of reintroduced planted populations within the species potential suitable habitat. We found that the population studied in 2008 had grown in size due to seedling regeneration but had declined in the number of reproductively mature plants, and we were able to estimate that the species reproduces and dies after approximately 70 years. Our models suggest that if the habitat where it resides continues to be protected the species is unlikely to go extinct due to inherent population decline and that it will likely experience significant population growth after approximately 80 years due to the reproductive and life cycle attributes of the species. The newly discovered populations contain more genetic diversity than the first discovered southern population which is genetically depauperate. The species appears to demonstrate a pattern of dispersal leading to isolated founder plants which may eventually lead to population development depending on local establishment opportunities. The conservation efforts currently put in place including the reintroduction of plants within the species potential suitable habitat if maintained are thought likely to enable the species to sustain itself but it remains vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts.
Efficient Performance Analysis of Energy Aware on Demand Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad‐Hoc Network
Authors: Prasad P Rajendra , Shankar Shiva 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn a networking scenario, energy protocols with shortest path routing mechanisms are prevalent. The challenging issue in designing the routing protocols for a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is to have a network, which is energy efficient so as to maximize network performance. This research article proposes a novel and energy efficient shortest path routing mechanism called the energy aware on demand routing protocol. The protocol maximizes the lifetime of the MANET and provides an economically efficient routing mechanism for the packets depending on the routing condition. The energy efficient routing in MANET simply establishes routes amongst the mobile nodes and protocol functions in the network as long as its energy is available. The protocol is set to minimize transmitter/receiver energy, or inactivate energy consumption when a mobile node is in idle/sleep mode. At the same time, it monitors the wireless medium for any possible communication requests from other nodes in the network. To validate the proposed energy efficient routing protocol, its performance is compared with the performance of other well‐known routing protocols wherein the energy utilization in the network is also considered, namely, the dynamic source routing protocol and conditional max‐min battery capacity routing protocol in the network simulator‐2. The comparison is performed in terms of its packet loss, packet delivery ratio, average energy consumption, and network lifetime. The performance analysis shows that the proposed protocol is superior in terms of energy consumption for the transmission of data in the network.
Load balanced fuzzy‐based unequal clustering for wireless sensor networks assisted Internet of Things
Authors: Agrawal Deepika , Pandey Sudhakar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe fundamental unit of the Internet of Things (IoT) is wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Due to their low cost and prospective use, WSNs have drawn interest in various applications over the last years. Since sensor nodes are equipped with limited battery, it is vital energy consumption be carefully monitored. Therefore, minimizing the node energy consumption is clearly essential to extend the network lifetime. In this paper, a fuzzy‐based unequal clustering protocol is proposed. Not only does the proposed protocol prolong the network lifetime, but it also balances the load among nodes. Former protocols do not consider load balancing. Fuzzy logic is employed considering four inputs: residual energy, distance to a base station, node degree and centrality. To validate its efficiency, the novel protocol is compared with other relevant protocols. The obtained results prove that the protocol here proposed outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art protocols.
Tensile strength of wood in high temperatures before charring
Authors: Kuronen Henri , Mikkola Esko , Hostikka Simo 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe main focus of this paper is on the tensile strength of wood at high temperatures. On analysing previous literature, it was observed that results by different researchers are different, even though a vast reduction of the tensile strength at elevated temperatures was clear in all of them. Thus, a need for further investigation into the matter became apparent. As a key part of this paper, steady‐state tensile strength experiments below charring temperatures were carried out, and their results were analysed. The results were then used in analysing the tensile strength of a wooden beam subjected to a fire using the Fire Dynamics Simulator.
Rapid identification of chrysanthemum teas by computer vision and deep learning
Authors: Liu Chunlin , Lu Weiying , Gao Boyan , Kimura Hanae , Li Yanfang , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeven commercial Chinese chrysanthemum tea products were classified by computer vision combined with machine learning algorithms. Without the need of building any specific hardware, the image acquisition was achieved in two computer vision approaches. In the first approach, a series of multivariate classification models were built after morphological feature extraction of the image. The best prediction accuracies when classifying flowering stages and tea types were respectively 90% and 63%. In comparison, the deep neural network was applied directly on the raw image, yielded 96% and 89% correct identifications when classifying flowering stage and tea type, respectively. The model can be applied for rapid and automatic quality determination of teas and other related foods. The result indicated that computer vision, especially when combined with deep learning or other machine learning techniques can be a convenient and versatile method in the evaluation of food quality.
Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging compared to surgical exploration for anterior skull base and medial orbital wall infiltration in advanced sinonasal tumors
Authors: Meerwein Christian M. , Pazahr Shila , Soyka Michael B. , Hüllner Martin W. , Holzmann David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of medial orbital wall (MOW) and anterior skull base (ASB) infiltration is of uttermost importance for staging and therapy planning of advanced sinonasal tumors.MethodsWe assessed the diagnostic performance of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for MOW and ASB infiltration compared to intraoperative exploration.ResultsBoth CT and MRI yielded higher diagnostic accuracy for MOW infiltration (Reader 1: 83.6% CT; 89.0% MRI, Reader 2: 91.8% CT, 93.2% MRI) than for ASB infiltration (Reader 1: 82.2% CT, 82.2% MRI, Reader 2: 67.7% CT, 67.7% MRI). Both modalities were equal to the gold standard, except for ASB assessment by Reader 2 with MRI. A postoperative change of T classification is common (Reader 1: 28.8%, Reader 2: 31.5%).ConclusionsCT and MRI are accurate methods for the assessment of MOW infiltration. ASB assessment is challenging and false‐positive and false‐negative findings are common with both methods, emphasizing the need for intraoperative exploration.