bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing Saraswati’s heart: evaluating the dynamical state of the massive galaxy cluster A2631 through a comprehensive weak-lensing and dynamical analysis
Authors: Monteiro-Oliveira R , Soja A C , Ribeiro A L B , Bagchi J , Sankhyayan S , Candido T O , Flores R R 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
In this work, we investigate the dynamical state of the galaxy cluster Abell 2631, a massive structure located at the core of the Saraswati supercluster. To do this, we first solve a tension found in the literature regarding the weak-lensing mass determination of the cluster. We do this through a comprehensive weak-lensing analysis, exploring the power of the combination of shear and magnification data sets. We find $M_{200}^{\rm wl} = 8.7_{-2.9}^{+2.5} \times 10^{14}$ M⊙. We also determined the mass based on the dynamics of spectroscopic members, corresponding to $M_{200}^{\rm dy} = 12.2\pm 3.0 \times 10^{14}$ M⊙, consistent within a 68 per cent CL with the weak-lensing estimate. The scenarios provided by the mass distribution and dynamics of galaxies are reconciled with those provided by X-ray observations in a scenario where A2631 is observed at a late stage of merging.
Individual dynamical masses of DENIS J063001.4−184014AB reveal a likely young brown dwarf triple
Authors: Sahlmann J , Dupuy T J , Burgasser A J , Filippazzo J C , Martín E L , Bardalez Gagliuffi D C , Hsu C , Lazorenko P F , Liu Michael C 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The binary nature of the M8.5 dwarf DENIS J063001.4−184014AB (DE0630−18) was discovered with astrometric monitoring from the ground, which determined the unresolved photocentric orbit and the trigonometric parallax of the system. Here we present radial velocity monitoring and resolved observations in the near-infrared with Keck aperture masking that allows us to measure the system’s relative separation and brightness. By combining all available information, we determine the individual dynamical masses of the binary components to be $M_1 = 0.052^{+0.009}_{-0.008}$MSun and $M_2 = 0.052^{+0.005}_{-0.004}$MSun, both firmly in the substellar regime. These masses are surprising, given the object’s M8.5 optical spectral type and equivalent absolute magnitude, and the significant difference in brightness between the components (ΔK = 1.74 ± 0.06 mag). Our results suggest that DE0630−18 is a relatively young system (∼200 Myr) with a secondary component that is itself a potentially unresolved binary.
Direct imaging of sub-Jupiter mass exoplanets with James Webb Space Telescope coronagraphy
Authors: Carter Aarynn L , Hinkley Sasha , Bonavita Mariangela , Phillips Mark W , Girard Julien H , Perrin Marshall , Pueyo Laurent , Vigan Arthur , Gagné Jonathan , Skemer Andrew J I 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), currently scheduled to launch in 2021, will dramatically advance our understanding of exoplanetary systems with its ability to directly image and characterize planetary-mass companions at wide separations through coronagraphy. Using state-of-the-art simulations of JWST performance, in combination with the latest evolutionary models, we present the most sophisticated simulated mass sensitivity limits of JWST coronagraphy to date. In particular, we focus our efforts towards observations of members within the nearby young moving groups β Pictoris and TW Hya. These limits indicate that whilst JWST will provide little improvement towards imaging exoplanets at short separations, at wide separations the increase in sensitivity is dramatic. We predict JWST will be capable of imaging sub-Jupiter mass objects beyond ∼30 au, sub-Saturn mass objects beyond ∼50 au, and that beyond ∼100 au, JWST will be capable of directly imaging companions as small as 0.1 MJ − at least an order of magnitude improvement over the leading ground-based instruments. Probing this unexplored parameter space will be of immediate value to modelling efforts focused on planetary formation and population synthesis. JWST will also serve as an excellent complement to ground-based observatories through its unique ability to characterize previously detected companions across the near- to mid-infrared for the first time.
Exploring the dust content of galactic haloes with Herschel III. NGC 891
Authors: Yoon J H , Martin Crystal L , Veilleux S , Meléndez M , Mueller T , Gordon K D , Cecil G , Bland-Hawthorn J , Engelbracht C 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We present deep far-infrared observations of the nearby edge-on galaxy NGC 891 obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The maps confirm the detection of thermal emission from the inner circumgalactic medium (halo) and spatially resolve a dusty superbubble and a dust spur (filament). The dust temperature of the halo component is lower than that of the disc but increases across a region of diameter ≈8.0 kpc extending at least 7.7 kpc vertically from one side of the disc, a region we call a superbubble because of its association with thermal X-ray emission and a minimum in the synchrotron scale height. This outflow is breaking through the thick disc and developing into a galactic wind, which is of particular interest because NGC 891 is not considered a starburst galaxy; the star formation rate surface density, 0.03 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2, and gas fraction, just $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ in the inner disc, indicate the threshold for wind formation is lower than previous work has suggested. We conclude that the star formation surface density is sufficient for superbubble blowout into the halo, but the cosmic ray electrons may play a critical role in determining whether this outflow develops into a fountain or escapes from the gravitational potential. The high dust-to-gas ratio in the dust spur suggests the material was pulled out of NGC 891 through the collision of a minihalo with the disc of NGC 891. We conclude that NGC 891 offers an example of both feedback and satellite interactions transporting dust into the halo of a typical galaxy.
Resonance sweeping by a decelerating Galactic bar
Authors: Chiba Rimpei , Friske Jennifer K S , Schönrich Ralph 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We provide the first quantitative evidence for the deceleration of the Galactic bar from local stellar kinematics in agreement with dynamical friction by a typical dark matter halo. The kinematic response of the stellar disc to a decelerating bar is studied using secular perturbation theory and test particle simulations. We show that the velocity distribution at any point in the disc affected by a naturally slowing bar is qualitatively different from that perturbed by a steadily rotating bar with the same current pattern speed Ωp and amplitude. When the bar slows down, its resonances sweep through phase space, trapping, and dragging along a portion of previously free orbits. This enhances occupation on resonances, but also changes the distribution of stars within the resonance. Due to the accumulation of orbits near the boundary of the resonance, the decelerating bar model reproduces with its corotation resonance the offset and strength of the Hercules stream in the local vR-vφ plane and the double-peaked structure of mean vR in the Lz–φ plane. At resonances other than the corotation, resonant dragging by a slowing bar is associated with a continuing increase in radial action, leading to multiple resonance ridges in the action plane as identified in the Gaia data. This work shows models using a constant bar pattern speed likely lead to qualitatively wrong conclusions. Most importantly we provide a quantitative estimate of the current slowing rate of the bar $\dot{\Omega }_{\rm p}= (-4.5 \pm 1.4) \, {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}\, {\rm kpc}^{-1}\, {\rm Gyr}^{-1}$ with additional systematic uncertainty arising from unmodelled impacts of e.g. spiral arms.
SSSpaNG! Stellar Spectra as Sparse, data-driven, Non-Gaussian processes
Authors: Feeney Stephen M , Wandelt Benjamin D , Ness Melissa K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Upcoming million-star spectroscopic surveys have the potential to revolutionize our view of the formation and chemical evolution of the Milky Way. Realizing this potential requires automated approaches to optimize estimates of stellar properties, such as chemical element abundances, from the spectra. The sheer volume and quality of the observations strongly motivate that these approaches should be driven by the data. With this in mind, we introduce SSSpaNG: a data-driven non-Gaussian Process model of stellar spectra. We demonstrate the capabilities of SSSpaNG using a sample of APOGEE red clump stars, whose model parameters we infer using Gibbs sampling. By pooling information between stars to infer their covariance, we permit clear identification of the correlations between spectral pixels. Harnessing this correlation structure, we infer the true spectrum of each red clump star, inpainting missing regions and denoising by a factor of at least two for stars with signal-to-noise of ∼20. As we marginalize over the covariance matrix of the spectra, the effective prior on these true spectra is non-Gaussian and sparsifying, favouring typically small but occasionally large excursions from the mean. The high-fidelity inferred spectra produced with our approach will enable improved chemical elemental abundance estimates for individual stars. Our model also allows us to quantify the information gained by observing portions of a star’s spectrum, and thereby define the most mutually informative spectral regions. Using 25 windows centred on elemental absorption lines, we demonstrate that the iron-peak and alpha-process elements are particularly mutually informative for these spectra, and that the majority of information about a target window is contained in the 10-or-so most informative windows. Such mutual information estimates have the potential to inform models of nucleosynthetic yields and the design of future observations. Our code is made publicly available at https://github.com/sfeeney/ddspectra.
Characterization of nuclear mitochondrial insertions in the whole genomes of primates
Authors: Dayama Gargi , Zhou Weichen , Prado-Martinez Javier , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Mills Ryan E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The transfer and integration of whole and partial mitochondrial genomes into the nuclear genomes of eukaryotes is an ongoing process that has facilitated the transfer of genes and contributed to the evolution of various cellular pathways. Many previous studies have explored the impact of these insertions, referred to as NumtS, but have focused primarily on older events that have become fixed and are therefore present in all individual genomes for a given species. We previously developed an approach to identify novel Numt polymorphisms from next-generation sequence data and applied it to thousands of human genomes. Here, we extend this analysis to 79 individuals of other great ape species including chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, orang-utan and also an old world monkey, macaque. We show that recent Numt insertions are prevalent in each species though at different apparent rates, with chimpanzees exhibiting a significant increase in both polymorphic and fixed Numt sequences as compared to other great apes. We further assessed positional effects in each species in terms of evolutionary time and rate of insertion and identified putative hotspots on chromosome 5 for Numt integration, providing insight into both recent polymorphic and older fixed reference NumtS in great apes in comparison to human events.
Upadacitinib monotherapy improves patient-reported outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: results from SELECT-EARLY and SELECT-MONOTHERAPY
Authors: Strand Vibeke , Tundia Namita , Wells Alvin , Buch Maya H , Radominski Sebastiao C , Camp Heidi S , Friedman Alan , Suboticki Jessica L , Dunlap Kendall , Goldschmidt Debbie , Bergman Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the effect of upadacitinib (UPA) monotherapy vs MTX on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with RA who were MTX-naïve or who had an inadequate response to MTX (MTX-IR).

Methods
PROs from the SELECT-EARLY and SELECT-MONOTHERAPY randomized controlled trials were evaluated at Weeks 2 and 12/14. Patients were ≥18 years of age with RA symptoms for ≥6 weeks (SELECT-EARLY, MTX-naïve) or diagnosed RA for ≥3 months (SELECT-MONOTHERAPY, MTX-IR) and received UPA monotherapy (15 or 30 mg) or MTX. PROs included Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PtGA), pain visual analogue scale, HAQ Disability Index (HAQ-DI), morning stiffness duration/severity, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue (SELECT-EARLY), health-related quality of life (HRQOL) by the 36-iem Short Form Health Survey and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI; SELECT-EARLY). Least square mean (LSM) changes and proportions of patients reporting improvements greater than or equal to the minimum clinically important differences and normative values were determined.

Results
In 945 MTX-naïve and 648 MTX-IR patients, UPA monotherapy (15 mg, 30 mg) vs MTX resulted in greater reported LSM changes from baseline at Weeks 12/14 in PtGA, pain, HAQ-DI, morning stiffness duration/severity, FACIT-F (SELECT-EARLY), HRQOL and WPAI (SELECT-EARLY). These changes were statistically significant with both doses of UPA vs MTX at Weeks 12/14 in both RCTs. Improvements were reported as early as week 2. Compared with MTX, more UPA-treated MTX-naïve and MTX-IR patients reported improvements greater than or equal to the minimum clinically important differences and scores greater than or equal to normative values.

Conclusion
Among MTX-naïve and MTX-IR patients with active RA, UPA monotherapy at 15 or 30 mg for 12/14 weeks resulted in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in pain, physical function, morning stiffness, HRQOL and WPAI compared with MTX alone.

Clinical trial registration number
SELECT-EARLY (NCT02706873) and SELECT-MONOTHERAPY (NCT02706951) are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov.
An outbreak of bilateral photokeratitis and eyelid erythema following exposure to an artificial source of ultraviolet radiation, Tamil Nadu, India, 2018
Authors: Rubeshkumar Polani , Ponnaiah Manickam , Prakash S. Varun , Balasubramanian Ramanujam , Somasundaram Shanmugham , Premkumar Balasubramanian , Gounder Kolandaswamy Karumana , Murhekar Manoj V. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Metal halide lights (MHLs) emit ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and should be used with enclosed fixtures. We investigated a cluster of blurred vision in a locality in South India reported among light music event attendees to identify risk factors.

Methods:
We searched for attendees with any eye-related symptoms by door-to-door. We described cases by time, place, and person and inspected the environment to generate a hypothesis. We followed-up the cohort of the attendees to examine the hypothesis of exposure to MHL as the cause of the outbreak. We computed relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by comparing attack rates among attendees by seating location and duration of exposure.

Results:
Of the total 500 attendees, we could interview 319 (64%) and 89% (284/319) attendees developed bilateral photokeratitis (median age = 24 years [range: 2–80 years]). Attack rate was higher among female (92% [172/189]) than male (85% [110/130]). Attack rate among those seated within 12 meters from dais was higher (95% [241/253]) than the rest (65% [43/66]; RR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.2, 1.7) and attack rate was higher among those continuously exposed to MHL (97% [268/277]) than others (38% [16/42]; RR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.7, 3.7). The duration of exposure was associated with increased risk of bilateral photokeratitis (χ2 test for linear trend = 74; P < 0.00001). During the environmental inspection, we identified the use of MHL with a broken outer envelope.

Conclusions:
Photokeratitis was associated with exposure to UVR from MHL with a broken outer envelope. We recommended the usage of MHL along with enclosed fixtures.
Automated Detection of Exercise Sessions in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Mays Ryan J. , Wesselman Craig W. , White Robin , Creager Mark A. , Amato Antonino , Greenwalt Marilyn , Hiatt William R. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
Monitoring home exercise using accelerometry in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) may provide a tool to improve adherence and titration of the exercise prescription. However, methods for unbiased analysis of accelerometer data are lacking. The aim of the current post hoc analysis was to develop an automated method to analyze accelerometry output collected during home-based exercise.

Methods:
Data were obtained from 54 patients with PAD enrolled in a clinical trial that included a home-based exercise intervention using diaries and an accelerometer. Peak walking time was assessed on a graded treadmill at baseline and 6 mo. In 35 randomly selected patient data sets, visual inspection of accelerometer output confirmed exercise sessions throughout the 6 mo. An algorithm was developed to detect exercise sessions and then compared with visual inspection of sessions to mitigate the heterogeneity in session intensity across the population. Identified exercise sessions were characterized on the basis of total step count and activity duration. The methodology was then applied to data sets for all 54 patients.

Results:
The ability of the algorithm to detect exercise sessions compared with visual inspection of the accelerometer output resulted in a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 90%. Algorithm-detected exercise sessions (total) and intensity (steps/wk) were correlated with change in peak walking time (r = 0.28; r = 0.43).

Conclusions:
An algorithm to assess data from an accelerometer successfully detected home-based exercise sessions. Algorithm-identified exercise sessions were correlated with improvements in performance after 6 mo of training in patients with PAD, supporting the effectiveness of monitored home-based exercise.
Black flies and Onchocerciasis: Knowledge, attitude and practices among inhabitants of Alabameta, Osun State, Southwestern, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwatoyin Busari Lateef , Ojurongbe O.O , Adeleke M.A , Surakat O.A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study reports knowledge of residents of Alabameta community, Osun State, Nigeria on the bioecology and socio-economic burden of black flies and onchocerciasis.MethodsUsing structured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion (FGD), a total of 150 community respondent participated in the study.ResultsThe knowledge of the residents on the existence of black flies in the community was significant (p<0.05) as all the 150 respondents confirmed the presence of black flies with the local name ‘Amukuru’. However, their lack of knowledge of the flies breeding site (104) (69%), prevention (134) (89%), cause (132) (88%), and treatment (133) (89%) of onchocerciasis was profound. Majority 147(98%) of the respondents reported that flies bite more in the wet season as against dry season 3(2%). The flies have a higher affinity (124) (82%) for biting the leg than any other part of the body. A larger percentage (89%) of the respondents are unaware of any medication for the treatment of onchocerciasis while 11% are aware. There had been no sensitization on onchocerciasis according to 89% of the respondents.ConclusionDue to lack of resident’s knowledge on black flies bioecology which may continuously expose them to the bite of the flies and ultimately infection, it is paramount that the Osun State government map out strategizes through orientation and drug administration with a view to onchocerciasis prevention and eradication.
Label-free bone marrow white blood cell classification using refractive index tomograms and deep learning
Authors: Ryu DongHun , Kim Jinho , Lim Daejin , Min Hyun-Seok , You Inyoung , Cho Duck , Park YongKeun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we report a label-free bone marrow white blood cell classification framework that captures the three-dimensional (3D) refractive index (RI) distributions of individual cells and analyzes with deep learning. Without using labeling or staining processes, 3D RI distributions of individual white blood cells were exploited for accurate profiling of their subtypes. Powered by deep learning, our method used the high-dimensional information of the WBC RI tomogram voxels and achieved high accuracy. The results show >99 % accuracy for the binary classification of myeloids and lymphoids and >96 % accuracy for the four-type classification of B, T lymphocytes, monocytes, and myelocytes. Furthermore, the feature learning of our approach was visualized via an unsupervised dimension reduction technique. We envision that this framework can be integrated into existing workflows for blood cell investigation, thereby providing cost-effective and rapid diagnosis of hematologic malignancy.
Dissociable mechanistic contributions of limb and task related errors during human sensorimotor learning
Authors: Oza Anushka , Kumar Adarsh , Sharma Apoorva , Mutha Pratik K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe unpredictable nature of our world can introduce a variety of errors in our actions, including sensory prediction errors (SPEs) and task performance errors (TPEs). SPEs arise when our existing internal models of limb-environment properties and interactions become miscalibrated due to changes in the environment, while TPEs occur when environmental perturbations hinder achievement of task goals. The precise mechanisms employed by the sensorimotor system to learn from such limb- and task-related errors and improve future performance are not comprehensively understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we performed a series of learning experiments wherein the location and size of a reach target were varied, the visual feedback of the motion was clamped along fixed directions, and instructions were carefully manipulated. Our findings indicate that the mechanisms employed to compensate SPEs and TPEs are dissociable. Specifically, our results fail to support theories that suggest that TPEs trigger implicit refinement of reach plans, or that their occurrence automatically modulates SPE-mediated learning. Rather, TPEs drive improved action selection, that is, the selection of verbally-sensitive, volitional strategies that reduce future errors. Moreover, we find that exposure to SPEs is necessary and sufficient to trigger implicit recalibration. When SPE-mediated implicit learning and TPE-driven improved action selection combine, performance gains are larger. However, when actions are always successful and strategies are not employed, refinement in behaviour is smaller. Flexibly weighting strategic action selection and implicit recalibration could thus be a way of controlling how much, and how quickly, we learn from errors.