bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR-92aSuppresses Mushroom Body-Dependent Memory Consolidation inDrosophila
Authors: Guven-Ozkan Tugba , Busto Germain U. , Jung Jae-Yoon , Drago Ilaria , Davis Ronald L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) fine tune gene expression to regulate many aspects of nervous system physiology. Here, we show thatmiR-92asuppresses memory consolidation that occurs in the αβ and γ mushroom body neurons (MBns) ofDrosophila, makingmiR-92aa memory suppressor miRNA. Bioinformatics analyses suggested that mRNAs encoding kinesin heavy chain 73 (KHC73), a protein that belongs to Kinesin-3 family of anterograde motor proteins, may be a functional target ofmiR-92a.Behavioral studies that employed expression ofkhc73with and without its 3’ untranslated region (UTR) containingmiR-92atarget sites, luciferase assays in HEK cells with reporters containing wild-type and mutant target sequences in thekhc733’UTR, and immunohistochemistry experiments involving KHC73 expression with and without the wild-typekhc733’UTR, all point to the conclusion thatkhc73is a major target ofmiR-92ain its functional role as a miRNA memory suppressor gene.
Prefrontal High Gamma in ECoG Tags Periodicity of Musical Rhythms in Perception and Imagination
Authors: Herff S.A. , Herff C. , Milne A.J. , Johnson G.D. , Shih J.J. , Krusienski D.J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRhythmic auditory stimuli are known to elicit matching activity patterns in neural populations. Furthermore, recent research has established the particular importance of high-gamma brain activity in auditory processing by showing its involvement in auditory phrase segmentation and envelope tracking. Here, we use electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from eight human listeners to see whether periodicities in high-gamma activity track the periodicities in the envelope of musical rhythms during rhythm perception and imagination. Rhythm imagination was elicited by instructing participants to imagine the rhythm to continue during pauses of several repetitions. To identify electrodes whose periodicities in high-gamma activity track the periodicities in the musical rhythms, we compute thecorrelation between the autocorrelations(ACCs) of both the musical rhythms and the neural signals. A condition in which participants listened to white noise was used to establish a baseline. High-gamma autocorrelations in auditory areas in the superior temporal gyrus and in frontal areas on both hemispheres significantly matched the autocorrelations of the musical rhythms. Overall, numerous significant electrodes are observed on the right hemisphere. Of particular interest is a large cluster of electrodes in the right prefrontal cortex that is active during both rhythm perception and imagination. This indicates conscious processing of the rhythms’ structure as opposed to mere auditory phenomena. The autocorrelation approach clearly highlights that high-gamma activity measured from cortical electrodes tracks both attended and imagined rhythms.
Traumatic Brain Injury Preserves Firing Rates But Disrupts Laminar Oscillatory Coupling and Neuronal Entrainment in Hippocampal CA1
Authors: Koch Paul F. , Cottone Carlo , Adam Christopher D. , Ulyanova Alexandra V. , Russo Robin J. , Weber Maura T. , Arena John D. , Johnson Victoria E. , Wolf John A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile hippocampal-dependent learning and memory are particularly vulnerable to traumatic brain injury (TBI), the functional status of individual hippocampal neurons and their interactions with oscillations are unknown following injury. Using the most common rodent TBI model and laminar recordings in CA1, we found a significant reduction in oscillatory input into the radiatum layer of CA1 after TBI. Surprisingly, CA1 neurons maintained normal firing rates despite attenuated input, but did not maintain appropriate synchronization with this oscillatory input or with local high-frequency oscillations. Normal synchronization between these coordinating oscillations was also impaired. Simultaneous recordings of medial septal neurons known to participate in theta oscillations revealed increased GABAergic/glutamatergic firing rates postinjury under anesthesia, potentially because of a loss of modulating feedback from the hippocampus. These results suggest that TBI leads to a profound disruption of connectivity and oscillatory interactions, potentially disrupting the timing of CA1 neuronal ensembles that underlie aspects of learning and memory.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MODEL OF TRAINING FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGES TEACHERS FOR THE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING: THEORETICAL ASPECT
Authors: BEI Iryna 
Published: July 2020

The article deals with theoretical aspects of constructing the model of training future foreign languages teachers for project activity in comprehensive educational institutions. It highlights scientific approaches to creating this model, which are: systematic, personal, active, competency-based, contextual, interdisciplinary and reflexive.
The structural and functional model is presented in unity and cooperation of such substantial blocks as: purposeful, theoretical and methodological, organizational and methodical, diagnostic and resulting. The criteria of future teachers’ readiness for the project-based learning have been singled out. They are: motivational and valuable, cognitive and informative, operational and active, reflective and evaluative.
PREPARING OF FUTURE EDUCATORS TO THE FORMATION OF A POSITIVE INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS AND SKILLS FOR COMMUNICATION BY PRESCHOOLERS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS
Authors: ZDANEVYCH Larysa , TSEHELNYK Tetianа 
Published: July 2020

The article has presented the theoretical substantiation of the problem of preparing future educators to the formation of positive interpersonal relationships and communication skills of preschoolers with special educational needs. The authors have presented their own understanding of readiness to professional activity in the conditions of inclusion, its main components and defined the components of professional competence of future educators to work in inclusive education. It has been stated that due to this the actual competences of pedagogical activity in the conditions of inclusion have been formed in order to form positive interpersonal relations and communication skills of children with special educational needs.
THE EDUCATIONAL BEGINNINGS OF THE PEDAGOGICAL ELITE IN THE CONDITIONS OF EMIGRATION CAMPS (20-ies of the XX century)
Authors: CHUMAK Mykola 
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes the problem of development of education in the conditions of emigration. It is emphasized that the overwhelming significance of the development of education with the total efforts of Ukrainian emigrants was actualized to a greater extent by its own policy-centred primary cause.
It is noted that the regional entrenchment of Soviet power and the suppression of the Ukrainian revolution hurt the socio-cultural development of the country, simultaneously affecting: the unfinished construction of a national school; interrupted Ukrainization; intensified the politicized ideologization at all levels of a graduate education system. In the conditions of military and political instability, the arrangement of the domestic-emigrant life of Ukrainians took place under the conditions of the camp system. Certainly, this system was rather depressing for the newly arrived Ukrainian, but, through the efforts of educational initiatives of the conscious intelligentsia, it was possible to somewhat mitigate the "sharply continental" climate of the host party.
It is argued that the development of education in emigration conditions took place taking into account the interests of different-year-old pupils. Taking into account the fact that the number of young people without higher education in the conditions of emigration was quite significant (in particular, in Czechoslovakia, the percentage of potential applicants exceeded 95%), energetic representatives of the pro-Ukrainian faculty took on their shoulders the burden of developing the education of various educational-qualification levels. It should be noted that such an approach to the case was sufficiently justified, since Ukrainian youth in foreign conditions needed qualified support to "open" new horizons for their further employment. In a difficult and fast-moving time, the domestic faculty did not have the time to reflect on the variability of the content development of academic disciplines, since the formation of lecture notes on Ukrainian-centeredness required a fairly flexible operational level.
It was emphasized that general education activities in the camps (in particular, preparation in the form of courses - preparatory and general literacy) were not spontaneous, but reminiscent of a highly organized and highly productive educational process. Such generalization was made due to the content diversity of the working curriculum, which provided for the teaching of disciplines in the humanities, natural sciences, physics and mathematics
LEARNING ENGLISH TROUGH MUSIK IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Authors: KACHMAR Oleksandra , KRYTSAK Oksana 
Published: July 2020

This article aims to highlight the impact of music in teaching English as a second language. It discusses different approaches and techniques which can assist English language students to improve their learning skills by using technology. Special attention is paid to audio-lingual method and in particular to the role of songs in learning English. Music offers special benefits for those learning a new language. Listening to songs and singing is a natural and enjoyable way to practice new sounds, words, and phrases. In fact, learning a song or musical instrument is analogous in many ways to learning a language. Modern technology helps to provide students with music lessons. During these lessons instead of focusing on one single task for the entire study session, it is possible to mix things up: do listening, learn new vocabulary, then study grammar, read and write a short story on the same topic. The variety will keep the students engaged and make studying more fun. The authors suggest different types of activity to make lessons more effective. The extensive memorization, repetition and over-learning of patterns are the key to the method’s success.
Extensive Recombination Suppression and Epistatic Selection Causes Chromosome-Wide Differentiation of a Selfish Sex Chromosome inDrosophila pseudoobscura
Authors: Fuller Zachary L , Koury Spencer A , Leonard Christopher J , Young Randee E , Ikegami Kobe , Westlake Jonathan , Richards Stephen , Schaeffer Stephen W , Phadnis Nitin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Drosophila pseudoobscura Sex-Ratio (SR) chromosome was one of the first-discovered segregation distorter chromosomes. Despite being a historically significant and well-studied segregation distortion system, the mechanisms allowing for the long-term....
ПАМ’ЯТЬ ПРО ГОЛОКОСТ У СИМВОЛІЧНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ ДНІПРА (ДНІПРОПЕТРОВСЬКА)
Authors: Medvedovska Anna 
Published: July 2020

Ця стаття має на меті продемонструвати ключові трансформації, які відбулися на місцях Голокосту в Дніпрі (колишній Дніпропетровськ) від кінця нацистської окупації до сьогодні. Досліджено, наскільки ці місця стали місцями вшанування Голокосту, та описано механізми та особливості включення такого вшанування у міський простір міста. Автор аналізує основних ініціаторів і прихильників вшанування Голокосту, щоб оцінити, наскільки ефективно представлена ​​історія винищення євреїв у міському просторі Дніпра та наскільки це відповідає його сучасному образу.
Стаття, заснована на існуючій історіографії, описує події у трьох основних місцях Голокосту в Дніпропетровську (Дніпро), де відбувалися найбільш масштабні акти винищення єврейського населення - біля Ботанічного саду (Красноповстанська Балка), єврейське кладовище (парк Писаржевського), село Верхнє (перехрестя вулиць Янгеля та Енергетича). Достатній обсяг досліджень дає досить надійні докази того, що відбувалося у вищезгаданих місцях під час нацистської окупації. Важлива особливість, яка згодом вплинула на поминання цих місць як в радянський, так і в пострадянський періоди полягало в тому, що в першому місці, тобто в Краснопівстанській балці (яр), страчені були виключно євреями, а в інших двох місцях страчували різні категорії нацистських жертв , включаючи значну кількість євреїв звісно.
У 1960-1980-х рр., у період вшанування історії Великої Вітчизняної війни, пам'ятники, встановлені для вшанування пам’яті жертв, мали лише написи, характерні для радянської влади. Ці написи не згадували про етнічне походження жертв, розчиняючи їх у евфемістичних формулюваннях, таких як "цивільні особи", "радянські громадяни" тощо. Після розпаду СРСР було знято старі табу та заборонені раніше історичні факти та розповіді, включаючи ідентичність національних груп, які претендують на своє місце в історичній свідомості, почала формуватися. У цій статті проаналізовано різні комбінації меморіальних дискурсів - радянських та єврейських / радянських та пострадянських / єврейських, радянських та українських - та те, як вони співвідносяться (взаємодіють / конфліктують / не спілкуються) у зазначених місцях.
На основі свого аналізу автор робить висновок, що єврейська громада міста була головним ініціатором і прихильником збереження пам’яті про Голокост, що призвело до високого ступеня фрагментації вшанування Голокосту в Дніпрі. Тим не менше, завдяки співпраці та несистематичній спільній діяльності єврейських організацій, а також громадських та урядових установ Дніпра, пам’ять про Голокост поступово вписується та займає все більш помітне місце в міському просторі.
Preventive Strategies for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Young Infants
Authors: Taveras Jeanette , Ramilo Octavio , Mejias Asuncion 
Published: July 2020

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in young children, with the peak of severe disease occurring in infants younger than 6 months of age. Most infants who develop severe RSV infection are born full-term and previously healthy; however, premature infants represent an especially vulnerable population at high risk of developing serious sequelae because of RSV. Despite the high disease burden, the pathogenesis of the disease is not completely understood, treatment options are limited to supportive care, and no licensed vaccines are available.
The young age of children affected by severe disease and incomplete understanding of the disease pathogenesis, along with prior vaccine failures, have represented major obstacles to RSV vaccine development. Nevertheless, the increasingly recognized burden associated with RSV in low-middle income countries, where RSV represents the second cause of infant mortality, has made the development of preventive strategies for RSV a global health priority. Increased awareness, together with a better understanding of the viral structure and identification of new viral targets, has led to the development of newer RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to confer protection to both preterm and term infants who represent the most vulnerable population for severe RSV disease.
Outcomes of Maternal-Newborn Dyads After Maternal SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Verma Sourabh , Bradshaw Chanda , Auyeung N.S. Freda , Lumba Rishi , Farkas Jonathan S. , Sweeney Nicole B. , Wachtel Elena V. , Bailey Sean M. , Noor Asif , Kunjumon Bgee , Cicalese Erin , Hate Rahul , Lighter Jennifer L. , Alessi Samantha , Schweizer William E. , Hanna Nazeeh , Roman Ashley S. , Dreyer Benard , Mally Pradeep V. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Infection with a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. There are limited data describing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant mothers and their newborns. The objective of this study is to describe characteristics and outcomes of maternal-newborn dyads with confirmed maternal SARS-CoV-2.

METHODS:
This was a multicenter, observational, descriptive cohort study with data collection from charts of maternal-newborn dyads who delivered at 4 major New York City metropolitan area hospitals between March 1 and May 10, 2020, with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection.

RESULTS:
There were a total of 149 mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 149 newborns analyzed (3 sets of twins; 3 stillbirths). Forty percent of these mothers were asymptomatic. Approximately 15% of symptomatic mothers required some form of respiratory support, and 8% required intubation. Eighteen newborns (12%) were admitted to the ICU. Fifteen (10%) were born preterm, and 5 (3%) required mechanical ventilation. Symptomatic mothers had more premature deliveries (16% vs 3%, P = .02), and their newborns were more likely to require intensive care (19% vs 2%, P = .001) than asymptomatic mothers. One newborn tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, which was considered a case of horizontal postnatal transmission.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although there was no distinct evidence of vertical transmission from mothers with SARS-CoV-2 to their newborns, we did observe perinatal morbidities among both mothers and newborns. Symptomatic mothers were more likely to experience premature delivery and their newborns to require intensive care.
Biological specifics of exogenous development of Oxyuris equi nematodes (Nematoda, Oxyuridae)
Authors: Yevstafieva V. O. , Prykhodko Y. О. , Kruchynenko O. V. , Mykhailiutenko S. M. , Kone M. S. 
Published: July 2020

Helminths of the species Oxyuris equi Schrank, 1788 are pathogens of domestic and wild odd-toed ungulates. They parasitize in the large intestine of horses, causing colitis and dermatitis at the tail root area. The wide distribution and overall persistence of this species is significally promoted by the specifics of its development and reproduction. Here we studied the specifics of the exogenous development of O. equi nematodes parasitizing Equidae in respect to the factor of temperature and the morphometric changes in oxyuris eggs at different stages of embryogenesis. In laboratory culture of O. equi eggs obtained from female gonads, the embryogenesis occurs in four stages: morula, formation of bean-like embryo, formation of non-invasive larva and formation of infectious larva. The stages of development differ by the morphological parameters. It is established that the development of O. equi eggs is directly related to temperature. The optimal temperature for embryogenesis is 25 °С, at which the highest survival rate of infectious eggs, 81.3%, was observed. At 20 °С and 15 °С the survival of eggs decreased during culturing and the ratios of infectious eggs were 75.7% and 67.3%, respectively. Accordingly, 24.3% and 32.7% of eggs died during development. The temperature also affects the duration of development of O. equi eggs. At 25 °С, the development of Oxyuris eggs was the fastest and occurred in two days. With temperature falling to 20 and 15 °С, the duration of egg development slowed to three and five days, respectively. The process of embryogenesis in Oxyuris is associated with changes in metrical parameters. The length, width and area of egg surface increased. Length and width of egg plug, and shell width of mature Oxyuris eggs decreased. The obtained data on the duration and specifics of exogenous development of parasitic O. equi nematodes will allow effective control measures for horse oxyurosis to be developed.
Population systems of Eurasian water frogs (Pelophylax) in the south of Ukraine
Authors: Suriadna N. M. , Mykytynets G. I. , Pupiņš M. , Gasso V. Y. 
Published: July 2020

Ecological and evolutionary consequences of population-genetic processes that occur because of natural cross-species hybridization can show mechanisms of overcoming the reproductive barrier and obtaining the species status by a hybrid taxon. This is clearly seen in the population systems of Eurasian water frogs – Pelophylax esculentus complex. The P. esculentus (E) hybrid usually discards one of the parental genomes of P. lessonae (L) or P. ridibundus (R) and reproduces semi-clonally. The genetic structure and direction of gene flows precisely depend on the type and distribution of mixed or pure population systems of water frogs. Three population systems in the south of Ukraine were identified and confirmed as RR, RE and REL. The populations of P. ridibundus are most common (76.2%). A mixed population systems of P. ridibundus and P. esculentus (20.0%) are concentrated in the floodplains of large rivers where triploids were found and the unisexual hybrids (1.0♂ : 0.1♀) were proved. Parent species populations having different ploidy of P. esculentus such as 3n and for the first time 4n were found. A mixed system of three taxa (REL) is rare (3.8%) and locally concentrated in the lower Danube and Dnieper with the smallest proportion of P. lessonae. We did not find populations of P. lessonae (LL), P. esculentus (EE, very rare system of hybrids only), and two mixed populations of parental species RL and semi-clonal LE in the south of Ukraine, but they are known for northern areas. The high number of P. ridibundus tends to decrease; the scarce P. esculentus and the extremely rare P. lessonae require special conservation measures. P. ridibundus (RR) occupies a wide range of diverse natural, permanent, temporary, coastal, continental, and artificial freshwater bodies, including synanthropic ecosystems. Mixed population systems inhabit willow and poplar forests in the floodplains of large rivers. In the south of Ukraine rare and isolated populations of the water frogs occurring outside the main range can be relict. Biotopic preferences, ratio and number of constituent taxa are crucial for an adequate assessment of biological (taxonomic) diversity and development of an appropriate strategy for the population systems’ conservation. Such characteristics as unisexuality of hybrids, their spreading patterns, specific sex structure and ploidy in different population systems of the P. esculentus complex contribute to the understanding of the hybridogenetic dynamics; produce new tendencies of becoming independent hybridogenous taxa and emergence of new evolutionary relationships.