bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic Diffusivities Ratio Analysis in the Al-Cu System
Authors: Yarmolenko M.V. 
Published: December 2020

Copper and aluminium electric corrosion rates are investigated experimentally at room temperature and at temperature 100oC. It is founded that copper corrosion is higher than aluminium corrosion, and ratio of electric corrosion rates, kCu/kAl , decreases with temperature increasing. It is calculated that copper corrosion rate is approximately equal to aluminium corrosion at temperature about 300oC due to Cu2+ ions are less mobile than Cu+ ions. It is obvious physically: the higher temperature is, the grater atoms’ displacements in crystal lattice, Cu atoms can diffuse without two electrons, and Cu2+ ions more strongly interact with crystal lattice than Cu+ ions. A theoretical method to calculate intrinsic diffusivities ratio in double multiphase systems is proposed. The method involves the Kirkendall plane displacement and the general phases thickness only. Intrinsic diffusivities ratios in the Al-Cu system are calculated using literature experimental data. Diffusion activation energies and pre-exponential coefficients for the Cu-Al system are calculated combining literature experimental results. Analysis of literature data shows that the Kirkendall shift changes sign at temperature about 460oC in the Cu-Al system because of intrinsic diffusivities ratio, DCu*/DAl*, dependence from temperature. Such result agrees with copper and aluminium electric corrosion rates investigation.
Towards a Progressive Fatwa: MUI's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sholeh M. Asrorun Ni’am 
Published: December 2020

This study examines the Fatwās issued by the Indonesian Ulama Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia/MUI) on Indonesian Muslim attitudes and practical procedures towards their religious behaviors and public demands on the government appreciation and recognition. The fatwās present logical reasoning which has attracted the government’s attention to adopting them and issue legal products based on them. With a normative legal research approach, this study is considered as qualitative research which using critical legal theory to analyze the important points in the Fatwās. As a result, this study finds four important cases in the fatwā on religious attitudes and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: first, the fatwa on COVID-19 has logical reasoning which is in line with paramedical advice; second, the fatwa on COVID-19 is consistent with the government political interests concerning physical and social restrictions; third, the fatwa on COVID-19 ends the negative stigma on the political role of religious actors; and fourth, the fatwa shows the increasing role of Kiai (religious figures) from cultural brokers to actors of Islamic legal scientism. AbstrakPenelitian ini menguji fatwā hukum yang dikeluarkan oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) tentang sikap dan prosedur praktis umat Islam Indonesia dalam beragama serta tuntutan publik atas penghargaan dan pengakuan pemerintah. Fatwā tersebut menghadirkan nalar logis sehingga menarik perhatian pemerintah untuk mengadopsi dan mengeluarkan produk hukum yang didasarkan pada fatwā tersebut. Dengan pendekatan penelitian hukum normatif, penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan teori hukum kritis untuk menganalisis poin-poin penting dalam fatwā. Hasilnya, studi ini menemukan empat kasus penting dalam fatwā tentang sikap dan perilaku beragama selama pandemi COVID-19. Pertama, fatwā hukum tentang COVID-19 memiliki penalaran logis yang sejalan dengan nasihat paramedis; kedua, fatwā hukum tentang COVID-19 sejalan dengan kepentingan politik pemerintah mengenai pembatasan fisik dan sosial; ketiga, fatwā hukum tentang COVID-19 mengakhiri stigma negatif terhadap peran politik aktor agama; dan keempat, fatwā hukum menunjukkan semakin meningkatnya peran kiai dari calo budaya menjadi pelaku ilmu hukum Islam.
Maqāṣid Al-Sharī‘at: The Main Reference and Ethical-Spiritual Foundation for the Dynamization Process of Islamic Law
Authors: Nur Iffatin , Adam Syahrul , Muttaqien M.  Ngizzul 
Published: December 2020

The two primary and significant roles of maqāṣid al-sharī‘at worth studying are directive and defensive systems. The directive system, for instance, puts the maqāṣid al-sharī‘at as the main reference for any reformation or changing processes and dynamization of the Islamic law, whereas the latter places it as the supreme principle of morality that provides the foundation and ethical-spiritual power for Muslim Societies when they interact with the law. With these two roles, the maqāṣid al-sharī‘at can serve as a driving force to create future changes towards a more constructive and humanistic society. This study is library research which examines the maqāṣid al-sharī‘at from the time of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him) to this very day. It aims at elaborating the position of maqāṣid al-sharī‘at as the primary reference and ethical-spiritual foundation for the dynamization process of Islamic law in dealing with contemporary issues. It also examines the concept of maqāṣid al-sharī‘at and analyzes the flexibility, adaptability, and dynamic of Islamic law. In addition, it is intended to open the mind of those who claim that Islamic law is so immutable, doctrinal, eternal, and final. This means that Islamic law is assumed to be inadaptable to various forms of social changes and modernization. AbstrakPeran paling utama dan penting maqāṣid al-sharī‘at yang patut dipelajari adalah sistem direktif dan pertahanan. Sistem direktif, misalnya, menempatkan maqāṣid al-sharī‘at sebagai rujukan utama untuk setiap reformasi atau proses perubahan dan dinamisasi hukum Islam, sedangkan yang terakhir menempatkannya sebagai prinsip moralitas tertinggi yang memberikan landasan dan kekuatan etis-spiritual untuk masyarakat Muslim ketika mereka berinteraksi dengan hukum. Dengan dua peran tersebut, maqāṣid al-sharī‘at dapat menjadi pendorong perubahan masa depan menuju masyarakat yang lebih konstruktif dan humanistik. Penelitian pustaka ini meneliti maqāṣid al-sharī‘at dari masa Nabi Muhammad Saw. hingga hari ini. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan posisi maqāṣid al-sharī‘at sebagai acuan utama dan landasan etis-spiritual bagi dinamisasi proses hukum Islam dalam menghadapi persoalan kontemporer. Ini juga mengkaji konsep maqāṣid al-sharī‘at dan menganalisis fleksibilitas, kemampuan beradaptasi, dan dinamika hukum Islam. Selain itu, dimaksudkan untuk membuka pikiran mereka yang menyatakan bahwa hukum Islam begitu lestari, doktrinal, abadi, dan final sehingga dianggap tidak dapat beradaptasi dengan berbagai bentuk perubahan sosial dan modernisasi yang membawa banyak isu kekinian.
The Level of People's Obedience to MUI Fatwas (COVID-19, Bank Interest, and Interfaith Marriage)
Authors: Jauhari M Sofwan , Ghoni Abdul 
Published: December 2020

Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) is an organization for Muslim scholars who provide guidance for the Muslim community in the form of fatwās on a particular situation on which the community can rely. In the ongoing situation relating to the COVID-19 pandemic since March 2020, MUI released a fatwā as to how to face the pandemic. This research is aimed to measure the level of people’s obedience to the fatwā. To obtain an accurate measurement, this research involves two others MUI's fatwās - a fatwā related to bank interest and a fatwā related to interfaith marriage – by way of making a comparison. This research uses mixed methods which combined the quantitative method using SPSS and the qualitative method. This research finds that the young unmarried Muslim, mostly under-25- year-old university students, have the highest level of obedience to the fatwā related to COVID-19. The fatwā related to interfaith marriage is the most obeyed fatwās, and fatwā related to COVID-19 is the least one among three fatwās in this research. AbstrakMajelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) merupakan wadah bagi para ‘ulamā’ yang memberikan pembinaan bagi umat Islam dalam bentuk fatwā tentang situasi tertentu yang dapat diandalkan oleh masyarakat. Terkait pandemi COVID-19 sejak Maret 2020, MUI mengeluarkan fatwā tentang cara menghadapi pandemi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat terhadap fatwā. Untuk mendapatkan pengukuran yang akurat, penelitian ini juga melibatkan dua fatwā MUI lainnya - fatwā terkait bunga bank dan fatwā terkait perkawinan beda agama - dengan cara membuat perbandingan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran yang memadukan metode kuantitatif dengan SPSS dan metode kualitatif. Penelitian tersebut menemukan bahwa pemuda Muslim yang belum menikah, kebanyakan berusia di bawah 25 tahun, memiliki tingkat kepatuhan tertinggi terhadap fatwā terkait COVID-19. Fatwā terkait perkawinan beda agama merupakan fatwā yang paling banyak ditaati, dan fatwā terkait COVID-19 merupakan yang paling sedikit di antara tiga fatwā dalam penelitian ini.
ANALISIS DATA INDUCED POLARIZATION DALAM MENDUGA ZONA MINERALISASI LOGAM DAERAH GODEAN, KABUPATEN SLEMAN DIY
Authors: Rivananta Chandra Agus , Khumayroh Refita 
Published: December 2020

Keberadaan logam tersebar di dalam batuan dan biasa terikat dengan mineral bijih dan unsur kimia lainnya. Keberadaan mineral itu sendiri berhubungan dengan naiknya larutan hidrotermal dipermukaan melalui celah-celah batuan kemudian terendapkan. Pengendapan mineral yang terjadi di celah/rekahan/rongga batuan menyebabkan keberadaan mineral logam tersebar dan tidak terkonsentrasi di satu titik. Metode geofisika yang mampu memberi gambaran bawah permukaan mengenai keberadaan mineral logam di dalam batuan yaitu Metode Induksi Polarisasi (IP) kawasan waktu dengan menggunakan konfigurasi dipole-dipole. Metode IP mengamati polarisasi yang terjadi pada batuan yang mengandung mineral logam ketika batuan di aliri arus listrik. Hasil pengolahan data IP berupa penampang 2D dengan parameter yang terukur yaitu nilai chargeabilitas dan nilai resistivitas merupakan parameter untuk menentukan keberadaan zona mineralisasi logam. High chargeabilitas yang didukung dengan low resistivitas mengindikasikan adanya zona mineralisasi logam di daerah tersebut. Pada daerah penelitian, pada lintasan 1 nilai resistivitas yang terukur yaitu 9,84 Ωm – 1803 Ωm (Penampang pertama) dan nilai chargeabilitas yang terukur adalah 0 ms – 140 ms (Penampang kedua). Pada lintasan 2 nilai resistivitas yang terukur yaitu 12,5 Ωm – 743 Ωm (Penampang pertama) dan nilai chargeabilitas yang terukur adalah 0,0013 ms – 52,3 ms (Penampang kedua). Daerah penelitian terdapat zona mineralisasi pirit dominan dengan kadar sulfida Cu-Pb-Zn sangat rendah
Wartawan dan Netralitas Media
Authors: Wibawa Darajat 
Published: December 2020

This study is Journalists and Media Reality (Qualitative Research in Bandung City) aims to determine the definition of journalists in Bandung City towards media reality, the trigger factors for media neutrality adoption, and how the effect of implementing media neutrality on journalists. In order to provide an overview and experience of media neutrality experienced by journalists in the city of Bandung, this study is more suitable to use a descriptive qualitative approach. Based on unstructured interviews and role observations with five journalists, the results showed that the informants gave a very diverse and complex definition of media neutrality, but in principle it led to the word impartial. The informants also admitted that the triggering factor for them to understand and implement media neutrality was the awareness to carry out their obligations as journalists. Meanwhile, the effect of implementing media neutrality is focused on two poles, namely positive and negative. In order to minimize negative camps, informants work in accordance with the code of ethics and stay away from and eliminate potentials that could interfere with the enforcement of neutrality.Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui pengertian wartawan di Kota Bandung terhadap realitas media, faktor pemicu pengiplementasian netralitas media, dan bagaimana efek pengiimplementasian netralitas media terhadap wartawan. Guna memberikan gambaran dan pengalaman mengenai netralitas media yang dialami oleh para wartawan di Kota Bandung, penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengmpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara tidak terstruktur dan pengamatan berperan kepada lima wartawan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, para informan memberikan pengertian netralitas media yang sangat beragam dan kompleks namun pada prinsipnya mengarah pada kata tidak berpihak. Para informan juga mengakui faktor pemicu mereka mengerti dan mengimplementasikan netralitas media adalah karena kesadaran untuk melaksanakan kewajiban sebagai wartawan. Sedangkan efek pengimplementasian netralitas media tertuju pada dua kutub, yaitu positf dan negatif. Guna meminimalisir kubu negatif informan bekerja dengan menaati kode etik dan menjauhi serta menghilangkan potensi-potensi yang bisa mengganggu penegakkan sikap netralitas
Prinsip Kearifan Lokal dalam Pengembangan Strategi Kehumasan pada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Tresnawaty Betty 
Published: December 2020

Public Relations of the Bandung Regency Government realizes that its area has a lot of potential for various local wisdom and has a heterogeneous society. This study aims to explore and analyze the values of local knowledge in developing public relations strategies in the government of Bandung Regency, West Java province. This study uses a constructivist interpretive (subjective) paradigm through a case study approach. The results showed that the Bandung Regency Government runs its government based on local wisdom. Bandung Regency Public Relations utilizes local insight and the region's potential to develop a public relations strategy to build and maintain a positive image of Bandung Regency. The impact of this research is expected to become a source of new scientific references in the development of public relations strategies in every region of Indonesia, which is very rich with various philosophies.Humas Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung menyadari wilayahnya memiliki banyak potensi kearifan lokal yang beragam, serta memiliki masyarakatnya yang heterogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali dan menganalisis nilai-nilai kearifan lokal dalam pengembangan strategi kehumasan di pemerintahan Kabupaten Bandung provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma interpretif (subjektif) konstruktivis melalui pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Kabupaten (Pemkab) Bandung menjalankan pemerintahannya berlandaskan pada kearifal lokal. Humas Pemkab Bandung memanfaatkan kearifan lokal dan potensi wilayahnya untuk mengembangkan strategi humas dalam membangun dan mempertahankan citra positif Kabupaten Bandung.Dampak penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi sumber rujukan ilmiah baru dalam pengembangan strategi kehumasan di setiap daerah Indonesia yang sangat kaya dengan beragam filosofi.
Role of epicardial adipose tissue in the development of atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients
Authors: Podzolkov V. I. , Tarzimanova A. I. , Bragina A. E. , Osadchiy K. K. , Gataulin R. G. , Oganesyan K. A. , Jafarova Z. B. 
Published: December 2020

Obesity is a progressing epidemic, the prevalence of which has doubled over the past 30 years. The distribution of adipose tissue is an important factor in predicting the risk of cardiovascular events. The most significant inflammatory activity is characteristic of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), the role of which in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a subject of discussion.Aim. To study the effect of EAT size on the development of AF in hypertensive (HTN) patients.Material and methods. The study included 95 patients with HTN aged 38-72 years (mean age, 61,5±1,8 years), including 45 patients with paroxysmal AF (group I) and 50 patients in the comparison group (group II). In order to assess the severity of visceral obesity, all patients underwent a general examination and echocardiography. To determine the EAT volume, cardiac multislice computed tomography was performed.Results. Echocardiography revealed that the EAT thickness was significantly greater in hypertensive patients with paroxysmal AF than in the comparison group: 11,6±0,8 and 8,6±0,4 mm, respectively (p<0,001). According to cardiac multislice computed tomography, a significant increase in EAT volume was revealed in patients of group I (4,6±0,4 ml) compared with group II (3,5±0,25 ml) (p=0,019). In hypertensive patients with paroxysmal AF, a positive moderate relationship between the EAT volume and left atrial volume was revealed (r=0,7, p=0,022). Multivariate analysis showed that in hypertensive patients, EAT thickness >10 mm and volume >6 ml can serve as integral markers of the onset of paroxysmal AF.Conclusion. Integral markers of AF in hypertensive patients are an increase in the EAT thickness >10 mm (odds ratio, 4,1; 95% confidence interval, 1,1-5,6) and volume >6 ml (odds ratio 3,7; 95%, confidence interval 1,0-4,2).
Collection of samples from women at different stages of pregnancy to search for early biomarkers of preterm birth
Authors: Illarionov R. A. , Kosyakova O. V. , Vashukova E. S. , Yurkina N. O. , Bakleicheva M. O. , Dolgova Yu. S. , Sushko T. A. , Eremeeva D. R. , Zainulina M. S. , Yarmolinskaya M. I. , Bespalova O. N. , Glotov A. S. 
Published: December 2020

Aim. To create a collection of samples from women at different stages of pregnancy to search for early biomarkers of preterm birth.Material and methods. In order to standardize the sample collection, standard operation procedures have been developed with a step-by-step protocol for each research member at the clinical (collection of medical data and biological material) and laboratory (transportation, sample preparation, storage, quality control) stages.Results. As of October 1, 2020, the collection includes peripheral blood samples from 182 women. Whole blood, serum, plasma, buffy coat and urine were collected during pregnancy, and placenta and umbilical cord blood samples — during labor. Clinical and medical history data was obtained about each pregnant woman, which includes data on the woman’s health status, the course and outcome of pregnancy. An electronic catalog has been created with information on samples (data on clinical characteristics and the number of aliquots of each sample type). The quality control (assessment of DNA and microRNA) was carried out, which showed the compliance of the obtained samples with the quality criteria and the preservation of initial characteristics during long-term storage. On the basis of collection, a study has begun to assess the level of microRNA expression in various types of biomaterial, in order to search for early biomarkers of premature birth.Conclusion. The creation of a collection of samples from pregnant women is a significant groundwork for future fundamental and applied research in various fields of biomedicine. This collection may provide an in-depth study of the pathogenesis of various pregnancy complications and the development of new methods for their diagnosis and treatment.-
Shelf life of whole blood samples in a biobank and the yield of deoxyribonucleic acid during genetic testing
Authors: Skirko O. P. , Meshkov A. N. , Efimova I. A. , Kutsenko V. A. , Kiseleva A. V. , Pokrovskaya M. S. , Kurilova O. V. , Sotnikova E. A. , Klimushina M. V. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: December 2020

Aim. To study the effect of the shelf life of frozen whole blood samples in a biobank on the amount of released deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).Material and methods. The study included whole blood samples placed in tubes with the anticoagulant EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at a concentration of 1,8 mg/ml) from participants in the epidemiological study ESSE-RF-1 and ESSE-RF-2 and cohort studies conducted at the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine. The samples were stored in the biobank of the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine at temperature from -22О C to -32О C. The shelf life from blood collection to DNA extraction ranged from several weeks to 11 years. DNA was extracted using QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (250) and 96 Blood Kit (Qiagen, Germany). Statistical analysis was performed using the R 3.6.1 software. To analyze the association of blood storage time with the logarithm of DNA concentration, a linear regression was used.Results. The analysis included data on the DNA concentration of 5405 samples. Multivariate regression showed that the blood shelf life was significantly associated with a decrease in concentration by 3,92% (3,16-4,68) for each year of storage (p <0,0001). For 509 samples, the DNA concentration was measured twice, immediately after isolation and after 4,5 years of DNA storage at -32О C. During storage, the concentration of DNA increased by an average of 2% (p=0,046).Conclusion. Long-term storage of whole blood samples at temperature from -22О C to -32О C is associated with a decrease in the DNA yield. Long-term storage of the isolated DNA at a temperature of -32О C is not associated with a decrease in its concentration.
Work within the COVID-19 pandemic — the experience of the biobank of the National Medical Research Center of Oncology
Authors: Samokhina I. V. , Sagakyants A. B. 
Published: December 2020

Aim. To present the main results and changes in the work of the biobank of the National Medical Research Center of Oncology during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Material and methods. The paper presents a dynamic analysis of the delivery of fresh frozen biological samples from operated patients for three quarters of 2019 and 2020, as well as considers possible ways to implement research projects to collect and deposit materials for the biobank within the COVID-19 pandemic. The work included persons over 18 years old, with primary gastrointestinal cancers, who, upon hospitalization, gave informed consent to transfer biological material tothe biobank. One of the inclusion criteria was the presence of a negative nasopharyngeal swabs tested for SARS-CoV-2 by the polymerase chain reaction. Data calculation and comparative analysis of the results was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel software package.Results. It was revealed that in the first quarter of 2019, 34% of biological samples were received from the total amount for the year, while in 2020 — 50%; in the second quarter of 2019 — 35%. The second quarter of 2020 was characterized by change in the schedule of work of institutions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to a 56% decrease in the number of samples compared to the same period in 2019 and amounted to 14% of material collected for the three quarters of2020. In the third quarter of 2020, the flow was restored and amounted to 65 patients, which corresponds to 36% of material collected in this year and is more than in 2019 by 23%.Conclusion. a critical decrease in the deposited material in the second quarter of 2020 indicated the need to adapt the current biobanking rules inRussia in general and the studied biobank in particular. Possible adaptation ways may consist in the creation of joint projects between groups of scientists from different organizations, taking into account the requirements of information and biological safety. This problem and ways to solve it were widely discussed at international and Russian platforms, including the 4th meeting of the National Association of Biobanks and Biobanking Specialists, dedicated to the organization of biobanking during the COVID-19 pandemic.