bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel homozygous variant in NLRP5 is associate with human early embryonic arrest in a consanguineous Chinese family
Authors: Xu Yao , Qian Ying , Liu Yu , Wang Qiaofeng , Wang Rongxiang , Zhou Yiwen , Zhang Caixia , Pang Zhi , Ye Hongjuan , Xue Songguo , Sun Lihua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEarly embryonic arrest is one of the major causes of recurrent assisted reproduction failure. It is characterized by delayed embryonic development and failure to form viable eight‐cell stage embryos on day 3 of an assisted reproduction cycle. A recent study reported that biallelic mutations in NLRP5 can cause early embryonic arrest. NLRP5 is a member of subcortical maternal complex, which plays a significant role in embryogenesis. In this study, we described a female in a consanguineous Chinese family who displayed clinical features of early embryonic arrest and identified a novel homozygous variant c.1061C>T (p.Pro354Leu) in NLRP5. This is the second report of the biallelic NLRP5 variant that associates with early embryonic arrest in humans, further confirming the role of NLRP5 variants in early embryonic arrest and expanding the spectrum of known pathogenic variants in NLRP5.
The phylogeny of the Casque‐headed Treefrogs (Hylidae: Hylinae: Lophyohylini)
Authors: Blotto Boris L. , Lyra Mariana L. , Cardoso Monica C.S. , Trefaut Rodrigues Miguel , R. Dias Iuri , Marciano‐Jr Euvaldo , Dal Vechio Francisco , Orrico Victor G.D. , Brandão Reuber A. , Lopes de Assis Clodoaldo , Lantyer‐Silva Amanda S.F. , Rutherford Mike G. , Gagliardi‐Urrutia Giussepe , Solé Mirco , Baldo Diego , Nunes Ivan , Cajade Rodrigo , Torres Ambrosio , Grant Taran , Jungfer Karl‐Heinz , da Silva Helio R. , Haddad Célio F.B. , Faivovich Julián 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe South American and West Indian Casque‐headed Treefrogs (Hylidae: Hylinae: Lophyohylini) include 85 species. These are notably diverse in morphology (e.g. disparate levels of cranial hyperossification) and life history (e.g. different reproductive modes, chemical defences), have a wide distribution, and occupy habitats from the tropical rainforests to semiarid scrubland. In this paper, we present a phylogenetic analysis of this hylid tribe based on sequence fragments of up to five mitochondrial (12S,16S,ND1,COI,Cytb) and six nuclear genes (POMC,RAG‐1,RHOD,SIAH,TNS3,TYR). We included most of its species (> 96%), in addition to a number of new species. Our results indicate: (i) the paraphyly ofTrachycephaluswith respect toAparasphenodon venezolanus; (ii) the nonmonophyly ofAparasphenodon, withArgenteohyla siemersi,Corythomantis galeataandNyctimantis rugicepsnested within it, andAp. venezolanusnested withinTrachycephalus; (iii) the polyphyly ofCorythomantis; (iv) the nonmonophyly of the recognized species groups ofPhyllodytes; and (v) a pervasive low support for the deep relationships among the major clades of Lophyohylini, includingC. greeningiand the monotypic generaItapotihylaandPhytotriades. To remedy the nonmonophyly ofAparasphenodon,Corythomantis, andTrachycephalus, we redefinedNyctimantisto includeAparasphenodon(with the exception ofAp. venezolanus, which we transferred toTrachycephalus),Argenteohyla, andC. galeata. Additionally, our results indicate the need for taxonomic work in the following clades: (i)Trachycephalus dibernardoiandTr. imitatrix; (ii)Tr. atlas,Tr. mambaiensisandTr. nigromaculatus; and (iii)Phyllodytes. On the basis of our phylogenetic results, we analyzed the evolution of skull hyperossification and reproductive biology, with emphasis on the multiple independent origins of phytotelm breeding, in the context of Anura. We also analyzed the inter‐related aspects of chemical defences, venom delivery, phragmotic behaviour, co‐ossification, and prevention of evaporative water loss.
A Practice‐Based, Clinical Pharmacokinetic Study to Inform Levetiracetam Dosing in Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration (PADRE‐01)
Authors: Kalaria Shamir N. , Armahizer Michael , McCarthy Paul , Badjatia Neeraj , Gobburu Jogarao V. , Gopalakrishnan Mathangi 
Published: March 2020

Limited data exist on the effect of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) methods on anti‐epileptic drug pharmacokinetics (PK). This prospective practice‐based PK study aims to assess the impact of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), a modality of CRRT, on levetiracetam PK in critically ill patients and to derive individualized dosing recommendations. Eleven patients receiving oral or intravenous levetiracetam and CVVH in various intensive care units at a large academic medical center were enrolled to investigate the need for dosing adjustments. Prefilter, postfilter, and ultrafiltrate samples were obtained before dosing, after the completion of the infusion or 1‐hour postoral dose, and up to 6 additional time points postinfusion or postoral administration. Patient‐specific blood and ultrafiltrate flow rates and laboratory values were also collected at the time of sampling. The average sieving coefficient (SC) for levetiracetam was 0.89 ± 0.1, indicating high filter efficiency. Six of the 11 patients experienced concentrations outside the reported therapeutic range (12–46 mg/L). The average volume of distribution was 0.73 L/kg. CVVH clearance contributes a major fraction of the total levetiracetam clearance (36–73%) in neurocritically ill patients. The average bias and precision of the estimated vs. observed total clearance value was ~ 10.6% and 21.5%. Major dose determinants were identified to be SC and effluent flow rate. Patients with higher ultrafiltrate rates will have increased drug clearance and, therefore, will require higher doses in order to match exposures seen in patients with normal renal function.
Encouraging kids to beat: Children's beat gesture production boosts their narrative performance
Authors: Vilà‐Giménez Ingrid , Prieto Pilar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGesture is an integral part of language development. While recent evidence shows that observing a speaker who is simultaneously producing beat gestures helps preschoolers remember and understand information and also improves the production of oral narratives, little is known about the potential value of encouraging children to produce beat gestures—as opposed to merely observing them. In this between‐subjects pretest–posttest training study we examine whether encouraging children to produce beats can boost their narrative performance. A total of 47 5‐ to 6‐year‐old children were divided into two groups and exposed to a training session in which a total of six stories were presented under one of two experimental conditions: (a) the children merely observed video‐recordings of a storyteller who used beat gestures and were then asked to retell the narratives; or (b) the children observed the same video‐recordings and then retold the narratives but were encouraged to simultaneously use their hands in the same way the storytellers did. Pretests and posttests consisting of children's narrations of short animated cartoons were analysed for narrative structure and fluency. A comparison of scores showed that children in the group that had been encouraged to use beat gestures in the training phase performed better in both narrative structure and fluency than the group of children who were simply asked to retell the story without gesture instruction. These findings suggest that linguistically relevant body movements serve to boost language development and that embodied storytelling can be of help in narrative training.
Introduction of a new teaching concept for dentin post preparation with 3D printed teeth
Authors: Höhne Christian , Dickhaut Nora , Schmitter Marc 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe preparation for dentin posts is difficult and hard to learn. There are currently no reproducible simulation models to train this clinical procedure. The purpose of this study was the design, feasibility and evaluation of a three‐dimensional (3D) printed tooth model for the pre‐clinical teaching of students.Materials and methodsA printable tooth was designed and printed by a stereolithographic printer. A total of 48 fourth‐year dental students in the first clinical course in prosthodontics were trained in a voluntary hands‐on course on 4 similar printed teeth. The students used standard model teeth and real‐teeth models during their education. They had experience in caries removement and root canal treatment on real patients. Root perforations were counted for every attempt. The different benefits of the 3D printed tooth were evaluated by a questionnaire using German school grades from 1 (best) to 6 (worst).ResultsThe overall rating of the printed tooth was Ø1.9 ± 0.3. The item “suitable exercise option” was rated Ø2.0 ± 0.8, and the teeth were “easy to use” Ø1.9 ± 0.9. The item “realistic approach to dentin post preparation” was rated Ø2.1 ± 0.8, and the teeth showed the “shortcomings at a root perforation” Ø1.5 ± 0.6. The students reported to have much more motivation and enthusiasm to improve their skills with the printed teeth Ø2.1 ± 0.9. They had a strong desire to include these teeth in their pre‐clinical education before the first patient treatment Ø1.6 ± 0.8. The success rate of the dentin post preparation was significantly better for the second 25% (P = .047) and fourth 48% (P = .04) attempt.ConclusionsThe feasibility of this teaching concept was confirmed. The students had the possibility to learn a correct dentin post preparation on a printed tooth model. The learning effect with this tooth model was rated as good to very good by the questionnaire.
Cellular immune response to acute exercise: Comparison of endurance and resistance exercise
Authors: Schlagheck Marit Lea , Walzik David , Joisten Niklas , Koliamitra Christina , Hardt Luca , Metcalfe Alan J. , Wahl Patrick , Bloch Wilhelm , Schenk Alexander , Zimmer Philipp 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesExercise‐induced cellular mobilization might play a role in treatment and prevention of several diseases. However, little is known about the impact of different exercise modalities on immune cell mobilization and clinical cellular inflammation markers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate differences between acute endurance exercise (EE) and resistance exercise (RE) on cellular immune alterations.MethodsTwenty‐four healthy men conducted an acute EE (cycling at 60% of peak power output) and RE (five exercise machines at 70% of the one‐repetition maximum) session lasting 50 minutes in randomized order. Blood samples were collected before, after and one hour after exercise cessation. Outcomes included counts and proportions of leukocytes, neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYM), LYM subsets, CD4/CD8 ratio, and the clinical cellular inflammation markers NEUT/LYM ratio (NLR), platelets/LYM ratio (PLR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII).ResultsAlterations in all outcomes were revealed except for CD8+T cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, NLR, and PLR. EE induced a stronger cellular immune response and provoked alterations in more immune cell populations than RE. SII was altered only after EE.ConclusionAn acute EE session causes a stronger mobilization of immune cells than RE. Additionally, SII represents an integrative marker to depict immunological alterations.
Contrasting effects of different pH‐raising materials on N2O emissions in acidic upland soils
Authors: Cheng Yi , Zhang Huimin , Chen Zhaoxiong , Wang Jing , Cai Zejiang , Sun Nan , Wang Shenqiang , Zhang Jinbo , Chang Scott X. , Xu Minggang , Cai Zucong , Müller Christoph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcidic soils, occupying ca. 40% of the world's arable soils, often need to be managed (e.g., to raise their pH and to improve crop productivity); however, the environmental impact of raising soil pH is often difficult to assess. Increasing soil pH stimulates the reduction of N2O to N2, thus lowering N2O emissions associated with denitrification, but can also increase autotrophic nitrification rates and related N2O emission. Using a 15N tracing technique, we provide process‐based insights into the effects of two acid‐neutralizing materials (quicklime [CaO] vs. pig manure) on N2O emissions in an acidified upland soil that had experienced excessive N application. Without pH adjustments we found that N2O emissions, stimulated by supply of reactive N, were related to denitrification‐ and heterotrophic nitrification‐derived N2O emissions, whereas autotrophic nitrification‐derived N2O emissions declined with decreasing soil pH. These effects were reversed by increasing soil pH via liming. However, increasing the soil pH via application of pig manure significantly increased soil N2O emissions from both nitrification and denitrification. Our study highlights that pH‐amelioration practices may enhance N2O emissions depending on the type of material applied to the soil. Therefore, both pH remediation and greenhouse gas mitigation options need to be considered together to avoid adverse environmental effects. The effect of different acid‐neutralizing materials on soil N2O emissions should be incorporated into ecosystem models to better estimate global N2O emissions when pH amelioration is practised.Highlights
Enhanced N2O emission by N input was from denitrification and heterotrophic nitrification.
Chemical N input and liming have reversible effects on N2O emission.
Soil N2O emission was decreased by liming but increased by animal manure input.
Careful consideration of pH raising substrates is needed to avoid adverse effects.
A medieval hillfort as an island of extraordinary fertile Archaeological Dark Earth soil in the Czech Republic
Authors: Asare Michael O. , Horák Jan , Šmejda Ladislav , Janovský Martin , Hejcman Michal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractArchaeological Dark Earth soil is a category of archaeological anthrosols that has gained much attention because it exhibits higher nutrient content and organic matter stocks and a characteristic dark colour, and enables higher crop yields in comparison to neighbouring soil. However, much is unknown about the chemical properties of Archaeological Dark Earth soils in Central Europe. Therefore, we studied a European Dark Earth (EDE) soil, a type of Archaeological Dark Earth soil, in the territory of the early medieval Dřevíč hillfort, Czech Republic, aiming to compare the chemical properties of EDE with a control soil unaffected by settlement activities. The black colour of EDE soil contrasted highly with the light grey Cambisol of the control. Soil reaction and total element contents (N, P, Ca, Mn, Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, Sr and Rb) were substantially larger in the EDE soil compared with the control and vice versa in the case of the C/N ratio. Also, the content of plant‐available (Mehlich III) P, Ca, K and Mg was larger in the EDE soil than the control. In contrast to Ca, plant‐available and total P and K were not well correlated. Total element contents are highly suitable for geoarchaeological purposes as enrichment factors can be easily calculated. The increased contents of these elements, together with pieces of charcoal visible in the EDE soil, indicate the deposition of organic waste and biomass ash during the existence of the hillfort. Thus, medieval hillforts can represent extraordinary nutrient‐rich islands in the cultural landscape of Central Europe. The chemical signatures generated by past settlement activities are so intense that they cannot easily be masked by short‐term intensive application of mineral fertilizers.Highlights
Settlement activities increased soil pH and the content of anthropogenic elements.
Enrichment by P, Ca, Mn, Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, Sr and Rb may indicate settlement activities.
Analysis of total element contents is suitable for geoarchaeological purposes.
Application of mineral fertilizers cannot easily mask signatures of medieval settlement activities.
Baseline factors associated with early and late death in intracerebral haemorrhage survivors
Authors: Banerjee G. , Ambler G. , Wilson D. , Hostettler I. C. , Shakeshaft C. , Lunawat S. , Cohen H. , Yousry T. , Al‐Shahi Salman R. , Lip G. Y. H. , Houlden H. , Muir K. W. , Brown M. M. , Jäger H. R. , Werring D. J. ,   the CROMIS‐2 collaborators
Published: March 2020

Background and purposeThe aim of this study was to determine whether early and late death are associated with different baseline factors in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) survivors.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the multicentre prospective observational CROMIS‐2 ICH study. Death was defined as ‘early’ if occurring within 6 months of study entry and ‘late’ if occurring after this time point.ResultsIn our cohort (n = 1094), there were 306 deaths (per 100 patient‐years: absolute event rate, 11.7; 95% confidence intervals, 10.5–13.1); 156 were ‘early’ and 150 ‘late’. In multivariable analyses, early death was independently associated with age [per year increase; hazard ratio (HR), 1.05, P = 0.003], history of hypertension (HR, 1.89, P = 0.038), pre‐event modified Rankin scale score (per point increase; HR, 1.41, P < 0.0001), admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (per point increase; HR, 1.11, P < 0.0001) and haemorrhage volume >60 mL (HR, 4.08, P < 0.0001). Late death showed independent associations with age (per year increase; HR, 1.04, P = 0.003), pre‐event modified Rankin scale score (per point increase; HR, 1.42, P = 0.001), prior anticoagulant use (HR, 2.13, P = 0.028) and the presence of intraventricular extension (HR, 1.73, P = 0.033) in multivariable analyses. In further analyses where time was treated as continuous (rather than dichotomized), the HR of previous cerebral ischaemic events increased with time, whereas HRs for Glasgow Coma Scale score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and ICH volume decreased over time.ConclusionsWe provide new evidence that not all baseline factors associated with early mortality after ICH are associated with mortality after 6 months and that the effects of baseline variables change over time. Our findings could help design better prognostic scores for later death after ICH.
Incorporating climate change adaptation into marine protected area planning
Authors: Wilson Kristen L. , Tittensor Derek P. , Worm Boris , Lotze Heike K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClimate change is increasingly impacting marine protected areas (MPAs) and MPA networks, yet adaptation strategies are rarely incorporated into MPA design and management plans according to the primary scientific literature. Here we review the state of knowledge for adapting existing and future MPAs to climate change and synthesize case studies (n = 27) of how marine conservation planning can respond to shifting environmental conditions. First, we derive a generalized conservation planning framework based on five published frameworks that incorporate climate change adaptation to inform MPA design. We then summarize examples from the scientific literature to assess how conservation goals were defined, vulnerability assessments performed and adaptation strategies incorporated into the design and management of existing or new MPAs. Our analysis revealed that 82% of real‐world examples of climate change adaptation in MPA planning derive from tropical reefs, highlighting the need for research in other ecosystems and habitat types. We found contrasting recommendations for adaptation strategies at the planning stage, either focusing only on climate refugia, or aiming for representative protection of areas encompassing the full range of expected climate change impacts. Recommendations for MPA management were more unified and focused on adaptative management approaches. Lastly, we evaluate common barriers to adopting climate change adaptation strategies based on reviewing studies which conducted interviews with MPA managers and other conservation practitioners. This highlights a lack of scientific studies evaluating different adaptation strategies and shortcomings in current governance structures as two major barriers, and we discuss how these could be overcome. Our review provides a comprehensive synthesis of planning frameworks, case studies, adaptation strategies and management actions which can inform a more coordinated global effort to adapt existing and future MPA networks to continued climate change.
Not so robust: Robusta coffee production is highly sensitive to temperature
Authors: Kath Jarrod , Byrareddy Vivekananda M. , Craparo Alessandro , Nguyen‐Huy Thong , Mushtaq Shahbaz , Cao Loc , Bossolasco Laurent 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoffea canephora(robusta coffee) is the most heat‐tolerant and ‘robust’ coffee species and therefore considered more resistant to climate change than other types of coffee production. However, the optimum production range of robusta has never been quantified, with current estimates of its optimal mean annual temperature range (22–30°C) based solely on the climatic conditions of its native range in the Congo basin, Central Africa. Using 10 years of yield observations from 798 farms across South East Asia coupled with high‐resolution precipitation and temperature data, we used hierarchical Bayesian modeling to quantify robusta's optimal temperature range for production. Our climate‐based models explained yield variation well across the study area with a cross‐validated meanR2 = .51. We demonstrate that robusta has an optimal temperature below 20.5°C (or a mean minimum/maximum of ≤16.2/24.1°C), which is markedly lower, by 1.5–9°C than current estimates. In the middle of robusta's currently assumed optimal range (mean annual temperatures over 25.1°C), coffee yields are 50% lower compared to the optimal mean of ≤20.5°C found here. During the growing season, every 1°C increase in mean minimum/maximum temperatures above 16.2/24.1°C corresponded to yield declines of ~14% or 350–460 kg/ha (95% credible interval). Our results suggest that robusta coffee is far more sensitive to temperature than previously thought. Current assessments, based on robusta having an optimal temperature range over 22°C, are likely overestimating its suitable production range and its ability to contribute to coffee production as temperatures increase under climate change. Robusta supplies 40% of the world's coffee, but its production potential could decline considerably as temperatures increase under climate change, jeopardizing a multi‐billion dollar coffee industry and the livelihoods of millions of farmers.
PRICE 2020 guidelines for reporting case reports in Endodontics: explanation and elaboration
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Chong B. S. , McCabe P. , Shah P. K. , Priya E. , Jayaraman J. , Pulikkotil S. J. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCase reports play a key role in showcasing new, unusual or rare disease(s), and the impact of newer therapeutic approaches or interventions. The Preferred Reporting Items for Case reports in Endodontics (PRICE) 2020 guidelines are being introduced exclusively for Endodontics by adapting and integrating the CAse REport (CARE) guidelines and Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications principles. The PRICE 2020 guidelines have been developed to help authors improve the completeness, accuracy and transparency of case reports in Endodontics and thus enhance the standard of manuscripts submitted for publication. The aim of this document is to provide a comprehensive explanation for each item in the PRICE 2020 checklist along with examples from the literature that demonstrate compliance with these guidelines. This information will highlight the importance of each item and provide practical examples to help authors understand the necessity of providing comprehensive information when preparing case reports. A link to this PRICE 2020 explanation and elaboration document is available on the Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontology website at http://www.pride-endodonticguidelines.org.