bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia de enteroparasitosis en niños que recibieron atención en el hospital México, municipio de Sacaba
Authors: Moreira Eliseu , Oliveira Edgley , Do Vale José Roberto , De Melo Strelow Simone , Angulo Ramiro , Caceres Mijail 
Published: October 2019

El propósito de este estudio es el de obtener datos sobre las enteroparasitosis prevalentes en los niños que recibieron atención e hicieron examen coproparasitologico en el Laboratorio Clínico del Hospital México en Sacaba; en el periodo de los meses de marzo y abril de 2014. Se recolectó una muestra de heces en 150 niños, con previo consentimiento del tutor legal. Se le realizó el análisis de laboratorio por examen directo microscópico y macroscópico utilizando Lugol al 1 %, solución salina al 0,83 %, solución salina-eosina. Los parásitos con potencial patógeno tuvieron las siguientes prevalencias: Entamoeba Histolytica 38%, Giardia lamblia 37 %, Entamoeba Coli 20%, Ascaris lumbricoides 100 %*, Blastocystis hominis 5%. Este estudio muestra la prevalencia de los protozoos de 99% con respecto a los 1% para los helmintos. Se recomienda la vigilancia periódica de parásitos por exámenes en estos niños. Se confirma que el parásito patógeno mas prevalente es Entamoeba Histolytica, seguido por la Giardia lamblia en los niños que recibieron el atención en el Hospital México. No obstante, las autoridades de salud y los especialistas, deberían estar atentos a estos resultados, incorporando en sus protocolos de prevención con orientación a los tutores de los niños, diagnóstico y tratamiento frente a la posibilidad de nuevos focos de enteroparasitosis en esta población.
*Ascaris lumbricoides de los Helmintos buscados en las muestras de los niños, solo tenia 1 resultado para Ascaris lumbricoides.
Deficiencia de ácido fólico como posible causa principal de anencefalia y malformaciones múltiples en un caso específico.
Authors: Méndez Alicia Viviana , Centenaro Moraes Jean Carlos , Calisto da Silva Paulo Matheus , Vera Licea Alejandro Ernesto 
Published: October 2019

La deficiencia de ácido fólico es la causa más frecuente entre todos los causantes multifactoriales de defectos congénitos, defectos del tubo neural, labio leporino/paladar hendido, malformaciones cardíacas y atresias esofágicas, malformaciones orofaciales, por mencionar las más importantes.
En el caso estudiado se evidencia la deficiencia de ácido fólico en el resultado gestacional de una paciente joven de 27 años de edad, que, en control prenatal, tardíamente se diagnostica en el feto anencefalia, malformaciones múltiples a nivel craneal con complicaciones cardíacas y esofágicas incompatibles con la vida. En orientación genética, la paciente, con apoyo familiar y ante los resultados de estudios médicos, decide por la interrupción de la gestación, lo que confirmara después del adelanto terapéutico del parto, los hallazgos visualizados por imagenología.
La importancia del estudio de este caso, radica en los indicios observados a nivel nutricional que lleva a esta deficiencia y que evidencian que, posiblemente, sea la causa principal del fenómeno produciendo estos defectos congénitos en el fruto de la fecundación. El hecho envuelve cuestiones de bioética y el fenómeno podría ser evitado, desde políticas de salud pública más puntuales en este tema, por medio de campañas de concientización,especialmente en mujeres jóvenes, con información nutricional especifica o con el simple suministro de ácido fólico como suplemento vitamínico antes y al inicio del embarazo.
Estudio piloto: Identificación sobre hábitos del uso racional del medicamento en personas que acuden a los servicios farmacéuticos privados de la ciudad de El Alto
Authors: Terán Ventura Evangelina 
Published: October 2019

Por uso racional de los medicamentos se entiende al uso correcto y apropiado. Para que haya una práctica racional, el paciente tiene que recibir el medicamento adecuado y la dosis debida durante un periodo de tiempo suficiente, al menor costo para él y para la comunidad. El trabajo tiene por objeto identificar hábitos del uso racional y consumo general del medicamento en personas que acuden a los servicios farmacéuticos privados (Farmacias) de la ciudad de El Alto. Se realizó una encuesta de recolección de datos a 156 personas de manera aleatoria de diferentes sectores del casco urbano central de la ciudad de El Alto.
Los resultados del trabajo nos muestran que la afluencia de las personas a los servicios farmacéuticos fue de todas las edades, siendo la más frecuente de 20 a 30 años con un 37.8%; de esta afluencia un 53% fueron mujeres, un 54% adquirió su medicamento sin receta médica, el 67% compro para sí mismo, un 76% manifestaron tener conocimiento exacto sobre la forma de su uso terapéutico de los medicamentos que compró; y por último un 59% desecha a la basura sus medicamentos vencidos. Las conclusiones del trabajo fueron que, la población frecuente que acude a las Farmacias del casco central de El Alto en busca de un medicamento son mujeres de 20-30 años. La población que acude a las Farmacias del casco central de El Alto compra medicamentos sin receta, y desconocen como desechar los medicamentos vencidos. Por tanto, existe deficiencia en el uso racional del medicamento por parte de la población estudiada.
Análisis microbiologico de la chicha en municipio de Colcapirhua - Bochabamba / Bo.
Authors: Lima Verde Rodrigues Laise Carla , Rocha Joseana , De Oliveira Janoski André Wladimir , Santos Alan F. , Rojas Terrazas Luis Fernando 
Published: October 2019

La chicha es una bebida alcohólica derivada principalmente de la fermentación no destilada del maíz y otros cereales originarios de América, su cualidad puede ser influenciada por diversos factores enzimáticos, químicos, físicos y microbiológicos. De esta forma, este estudio buscó evaluar la calidad microbiológica de la chicha comercializada en el municipio de Colcapirhua Cochabamba-BO. Para la recolección de las muestras de chicha fueron seleccionados los establecimientos comerciales ubicados en este municipio. Las muestras fueron transportadas al laboratorio de microbiología donde se analizaron 51 muestras de chicha y se observó la presencia de varios tipos de bacterias y algunas de ellas patógenas. Los resultados de las muestras, 5 confirmaron la presencia de E. coli, 44 presentaron otros microrganismos Gram-negativos, pero sólo 2 muestra estaba ausente de microrganismo, contrariando la legislación vigente donde estos microrganismos deben estar ausentes. Se destaca que, con base en los resultados, hay deficiencia en la higiene durante la etapa de preparación y/o manipulación de la chicha que comprometen la seguridad microbiológica de este producto, sugiriendo mayores cuidados en las buenas prácticas de higiene personal principalmente de los manipuladores, higienización de los utensilios siendo que estas prácticas de higiene sanitaria deben ser implantadas y monitoreadas durante la producción y manipulación de alimentos.
Conflictos de InteresesLos autores declaramos no tener conflictos de interés para el presente estudio.
No Sign of G2's Encounter Affecting Sgr A*'s X-Ray Flaring Rate from Chandra Observations
Authors: Bouffard Élie , Haggard Daryl , Nowak Michael A. , Neilsen Joseph , Markoff Sera , Baganoff Frederick K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An unusual object, G2, had its pericenter passage around Sgr A*, the 4 × 106
M
⊙ supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center, in Summer 2014. Several research teams have reported evidence that, following G2's pericenter encounter, the rate of Sgr A*'s bright X-ray flares increased significantly. Our analysis carefully treats varying flux contamination from a nearby magnetic neutron star and is free from complications induced by using data from multiple X-ray observatories with different spatial resolutions. We test the scenario of an increased bright X-ray flaring rate using a massive data set from the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the only X-ray instrument that can spatially distinguish between Sgr A* and the nearby Galactic Center magnetar throughout the full extended period encompassing G2's encounter with Sgr A*. We use X-ray data from the 3 Ms observations of the Chandra X-ray Visionary Program (XVP) in 2012, as well as an additional 1.5 Ms of observations up to 2018. We use detected flares to make distributions of flare properties. Using simulations of X-ray flares accounting for important factors such as the different Chandra instrument modes, we test the null hypothesis on Sgr A*'s bright (or any flare category) X-ray flaring rate around different potential change points. In contrast to previous studies, our results are consistent with the null hypothesis; the same model parameters produce distributions consistent with the observed ones around any plausible change point.
Tests of the Kerr Hypothesis with GRS 1915+105 Using Different relxill Flavors
Authors: Zhang Yuexin , Abdikamalov Askar B. , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Bambi Cosimo , Nampalliwar Sourabh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a previous paper, we tried to test the Kerr nature of the stellar-mass black hole in GRS 1915+105 by analyzing NuSTAR data of 2012 with our reflection model relxill_nk. We found that the choice of the intensity profile of the reflection component is crucial and eventually we were not able to get any constraint on the spacetime metric around the black hole in GRS 1915+105. In the present paper, we study the same source with Suzaku data of 2007. We confirm that the intensity profile plays an important role, but now we find quite stringent constraints consistent with the Kerr hypothesis. The key differences with respect to our previous study are likely the lower disk temperature in the Suzaku observation and the higher energy resolution near the iron line of the Suzaku data. We also apply different relxill flavors (different descriptions of the coronal spectrum and variable disk electron density) obtaining essentially the same results. We thus conclude that this choice is not very important for our tests of the Kerr hypothesis while the intensity profile does play an important role, and that with high-quality data it is possible to measure both the spacetime metric and the intensity profile.
Termination Shock Measured by Voyagers and IBEX
Authors: McComas D. J. , Rankin J. S. , Schwadron N. A. , Swaczyna P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Our heliosphere’s innermost boundary—the termination shock—slows and heats the supersonic solar wind and energizes anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs). We show that in addition to their termination shock crossings, the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft measurements identify additional points on the termination shock when they magnetically disconnect from the ACR source. These four points define a spherical approximation of the termination shock with radius 117 au, offset ∼32 au tailward, ∼27 au north, and ∼12 au to the port side of the Sun. Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft observations independently confirm these general offsets, with the closest region of the termination shock ∼ 20° south of the interstellar inflow direction and a minimum distance ∼74 au. The maximum distance is ∼161 au, consistent with required ACR acceleration times. Thus, Voyager and IBEX spacecraft observations have directly revealed the global size and location of our heliosphere’s termination shock for the first time.
Pulsar Wind-heated Accretion Disk and the Origin of Modes in Transitional Millisecond Pulsar PSR J1023+0038
Authors: Veledina Alexandra , Nättilä Joonas , Beloborodov Andrei M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Transitional millisecond pulsars provide a unique set of observational data for understanding accretion at low rates onto magnetized neutron stars. In particular, PSR J1023+0038 exhibits a remarkable bimodality of the X-ray luminosity (low and high modes), pulsations extending from the X-ray to the optical band, GeV emission, and occasional X-ray flares. We discuss a scenario for the pulsar interaction with the accretion disk capable of explaining the observed behavior. We suggest that during the high mode the disk is truncated outside the light cylinder, allowing the pulsar wind to develop near the equatorial plane and strike the disk. The dissipative wind–disk collision energizes the disk particles and generates synchrotron emission, which peaks in the X-ray band and extends down to the optical band. The emission is modulated by the pulsar wind rotation, resulting in a pulse profile with two peaks 180° apart. This picture explains the high mode luminosity, spectrum, and pulse profile (X-ray and optical) of PSR J1023+0038. It may also explain the X-ray flares as events of sudden increase in the effective disk cross section intercepting the wind. In contrast to previously proposed models, we suggest that the disk penetrates the light cylinder only during the low X-ray mode. This penetration suppresses the dissipation caused by the pulsar wind–disk collision, and the system enters the propeller regime. The small duty cycle of the propeller explains the low spin-down rate of the pulsar.
Escape of Flare-accelerated Particles in Solar Eruptive Events
Authors: Masson S. , Antiochos S. K. , DeVore C. R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Impulsive solar energetic particle events are widely believed to be due to the prompt escape into the interplanetary medium of flare-accelerated particles produced by solar eruptive events. According to the standard model for such events, however, particles accelerated by the flare reconnection should remain trapped in the flux rope comprising the coronal mass ejection. The particles should reach the Earth only much later, along with the bulk ejecta. To resolve this paradox, we have extended our previous axisymmetric model for the escape of flare-accelerated particles to fully three-dimensional (3D) geometries. We report the results of magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a coronal system that consists of a bipolar active region embedded in a background global dipole field structured by solar wind. Our simulations show that multiple magnetic reconnection episodes occur prior to and during the coronal mass ejection (CME) eruption and its interplanetary propagation. In addition to the episodes that build up the flux rope, reconnection between the open field and the CME couples the closed corona to the open interplanetary field. Flare-accelerated particles initially trapped in the CME thereby gain access to the open interplanetary field along a trail blazed by magnetic reconnection. A key difference between these 3D results and our previous calculations is that the interchange reconnection allows accelerated particles to escape from deep within the CME flux rope. We estimate the spatial extent of the particle-escape channels. The relative timings between flare acceleration and release of the energetic particles through CME/open-field coupling are also determined. All our results compare favorably with observations.
First Detection of Radio Linear Polarization in a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow
Authors: Urata Yuji , Toma Kenji , Huang Kuiyun , Asada Keiichi , Nagai Hiroshi , Takahashi Satoko , Petitpas Glen , Tashiro Makoto , Yamaoka Kazutaka 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report the first detection of radio polarization of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow with the first intensive combined use of telescopes in the millimeter and submillimeter ranges for GRB 171205A. The linear polarization degree in the millimeter band at the subpercent level (0.27% ± 0.04%) is lower than those observed in late-time optical afterglows (weighted average of ∼1%). The Faraday depolarization by nonaccelerated, cool electrons in the shocked region is one of the possible mechanisms for the low value. This scenario requires a total energy that is larger by a factor of ∼10 than ordinary estimates without considering nonaccelerated electrons. The polarization position angle varies by at least 20° across the millimeter band, which is not inconsistent with this scenario. This result indicates that polarimetry in the millimeter and submillimeter ranges is a unique tool for investigating GRB energetics, and coincident observations with multiple frequencies or bands would provide more accurate measurements of the nonaccelerated electron fraction.
Inhibition of Allergic Reactivity through Targeting FcεRI-Bound IgE with Humanized Low-Affinity Antibodies
Authors: Zhang Ke , Elias Michael , Zhang Hong , Liu Jeffrey , Kepley Christopher , Bai Yun , Metcalfe Dean D. , Schiller Zachary , Wang Yang , Saxon Andrew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Options for effective prevention and treatment of epidemic allergic diseases remain limited, and particularly so for IgE-mediated food allergies. We previously found that mouse low-affinity anti-human IgE mAbs with KD in the 10−6–10−8 M range were capable of blocking allergic reactivity without triggering immediate allergic mediator release. In this study, we humanized three parent low affinity allergic response inhibitor (LARI) mouse anti-human IgE mAbs and characterized their biological and immunological features, refined the lead candidate for further clinical development, examined their safety profiles, determined their therapeutic efficiency, and explored the mechanism of action potentially responsible for their therapeutic effects. LARI profoundly blocked cat- and peanut-allergic IgE-mediated basophil activation, inhibited acute release of both prestored and newly synthesized mediator from human mast cells, suppressed peanut-specific IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and attenuated dansyl IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in human FcεRIα transgenic mice. Safety testing demonstrated that concentrations of LARI well above therapeutic levels failed to trigger immediate release of prestored and newly synthesized allergic mediators, failed to promote robust cytokine/chemokine production from allergic effector cells, and did not elicit allergic reactivity in an animal model of cutaneous and systemic anaphylaxis. Mechanistic studies revealed that LARI downregulated surface FcεRI receptors and IgE via internalization of the IgE/FcεRI, promoted a partial mediator depletion pathway leading to slow release of small amount of mediators, and functioned as a partial antagonist to inhibit FcεRI signaling phosphorylation of Syk, Akt, Erk, and p38 MAPK. These studies demonstrate that targeting surface-bound IgE with LARI profoundly suppresses human allergic reactivity while displaying an excellent safety profile.
Sport Specialization, Club Sport Participation, Quality of Life, and Injury History Among High School Athletes
Authors: Dahab Katherine , Potter Morgan N. , Provance Aaron , Albright Jay , Howell David R. 
Published: October 2019

ContextMany factors can affect the injury risk and quality of life among high school athletes. Early sport specialization and club sport participation may be components to consider when assessing the injury risk and quality of life.ObjectiveTo investigate patient-reported quality-of-life and injury-history measures among adolescent athletes at different sport-specialization levels and to compare these measures between those who did and those who did not report participating in club sports.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingHigh school athletic facility.Patients or Other ParticipantsHigh school student athletes 13 to 18 years of age were recruited and tested during their annual preseason athletic physical examinations.Main Outcome Measure(s)Our primary grouping variables were sport-specialization level (classified as low, moderate, or high) and club sport participation (organized sport outside of traditional school athletics). Our outcome variables were the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Pediatric Profile-37 rating, Severity Measure for Depression–Child score, and injury history.ResultsA total of 97 individuals participated (mean age = 15.2 ± 1.1 years; 38% female). Relatively similar proportions of individuals reported participating at each level of sport specialization (low = 34%, moderate = 40%, high = 26%). Forty-six (48%) participants stated they participated in club sports. No differences were evident in quality of life (P values = .15–.92 across domains), depression (P = .60), or injury history (P &gt; .70) among the specialization groups. Those who described participating in club sports had a higher proportion of time-loss musculoskeletal injuries (63% versus 29%; P = .002) and of injuries requiring imaging, injection, a cast, a brace, or crutches (72% versus 46%; P = .013) than those who did not.ConclusionsAlthough no injury-history differences were found among the sport-specialization groups, a higher proportion of club sport athletes than nonclub sport athletes reported a history of injury. Club sports are generally seen as more competitive, and the higher number of injuries seen in this setting could be related to a higher level of play among club sport athletes.
Sport Specialization and Coordination Differences in Multisport Adolescent Female Basketball, Soccer, and Volleyball Athletes
Authors: DiCesare Christopher A. , Montalvo Alicia , Foss Kim D. Barber , Thomas Staci M. , Hewett Timothy E. , Jayanthi Neeru A. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: October 2019

Context
Early sport specialization, or the participation in 1 sport year-round to the exclusion of all others, is a growing concern in youth athletics because of its possible association with musculoskeletal injury. The underlying injury risk may be the result of coordination differences that sport-specialized athletes have been speculated to exhibit relative to multisport athletes; however, little evidence exists to support or refute this notion.

Objective
To examine relative hip- and knee-joint angular-motion variability among adolescent sport-specialized and multisport female adolescent athletes to determine how sport specialization may affect coordination.

Design
Cohort study.

Setting
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 366 sport-specialized and 366 multisport adolescent female basketball, soccer, and volleyball players.

Intervention(s)
Drop–vertical-jump (DVJ) assessment.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Average coupling-angle variability (CAV) for hip flexion and knee flexion, knee flexion and ankle flexion, hip flexion and knee abduction, knee flexion and knee abduction, knee flexion and knee internal rotation, and knee abduction and knee internal rotation.

Results
The sport-specialized group exhibited increased coupling variability in dominant-limb hip flexion and knee flexion (P = .015), knee flexion and knee abduction (P = .014), and knee flexion and knee internal rotation (P = .048) while landing during the DVJ, although they had small effect sizes (η2 = 0.010, 0.010, and 0.007, respectively). No differences were present between groups for any of the other CAV measures of the dominant limb, and no differences were found for any CAV measures of the nondominant limb (all P values &gt; .05).

Conclusions
Sport specialization was associated with increased variability of critical hip- and knee-joint couplings responsible for effective landing during the DVJ. Altered coordination strategies that involve the hip and knee joints may underlie unstable landings, inefficient force-absorption strategies, or greater contact forces that can place the lower extremities at risk for injury (or a combination of these).