bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality underground: evidence of behavioral types in the solitary subterranean rodentCtenomys talarum
Authors: Fanjul María Sol , Zenuto Roxana R. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundAnimal personalities have been studied in a wide variety of taxa, but among rodents, available studies are relatively scarce and have focused mainly on social species. In this study, we evaluated the existence of personality in the solitary subterranean rodentCtenomys talarum. Specifically, we aimed to test individual differences in behavior that are stable over time and context in males ofC. talarumcaptured in the wild.MethodsOur experimental design included two series of three behavioral tests each, carried out with a 35 day time interval. Each series included an Open Field test, a Social Encounter test, and an Open Field test with a predator stimulus.ResultsOf the total recorded behaviors, 55.55% showed temporal consistency. Principal component analysis of consistent behaviors grouped them into four dimensions that explain inter individual behavioral variability, in order of importance: activity, socioaversion, boldness and exploration. Therefore, our results suggest that the concept of animal personality is applicable toC. talarumand the dimensions found are in accordance with the ecological and behavioral characteristics of this species.
Co-expression network analysis reveals the pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction and interferon signature in juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Zhong Danli , Wu Chanyuan , Bai Jingjing , Xu Dong , Zeng Xiaofeng , Wang Qian 
Published: February 2020

Background
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by chronic organ inflammation. The pathogenic mechanisms remain ill-defined.

Methods
Raw microarray data of JDM were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Based on the GSE3307 dataset with 39 samples, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify key modules associated with pathological state. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to identify potential mechanisms. Based on the criteria of high connectivity and module membership, candidate hub genes were selected. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to identify hub genes. Another dataset (GSE11971) was used for the validation of real hub genes. Finally, the real hub genes were used to screen out small-molecule compounds via the Connectivity map database.

Results
Three modules were considered as key modules for the pathological state of JDM. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that responses to interferon and metabolism were dysregulated. A total of 45 candidate hub genes were selected according to the pre-established criteria, and 20 genes could differentiate JDM from normal controls by validation of another external dataset (GSE11971). These real hub genes suggested the pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction and interferon signature in JDM. Furthermore, drug repositioning highlighted the importance of acacetin, helveticoside, lanatoside C, deferoxamine, LY-294002, tanespimycin and L01AD from downregulated genes with the potential to perturb the development of JDM, while betonicine, felodipine, valproic acid, trichostatin A and sirolimus from upregulated genes provided potentially therapeutic goals for JDM.

Conclusions
There are 20 real hub genes associated with the pathological state of JDM, suggesting the pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction and interferon signature in JDM. This analysis predicted several kinds of small-molecule compounds to treat JDM.
The Necessity of School Effectiveness and the Ways to Reach
Authors: Goksoy Suleyman 
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to determine the factors that positively and negatively affected school effectiveness based on educators’ opinions and it employed case study method which is a qualitative research technique. Semi-structured interview form was utilized to identify educators’ perceptions regarding educational institutions’ effectiveness to seek the answers to the following questions: What are the teacher behaviors that positively and negatively reflect on school effectiveness? What are the administrator behaviors that positively and negatively reflect on school effectiveness? What are the characteristics of instruction programs that positively and negatively reflect on school effectiveness? What are the characteristics of the school culture and climate that positively and negatively reflect on school effectiveness? What are the student behaviors and the characteristics of the teaching-learning process that positively and negatively reflect on school effectiveness? How does the school environment affect school effectiveness and what are the parental behaviors that reflect on school effectiveness? Data were analyzed with the help of descriptive analysis method. Purposeful sampling method was used to determine the study group which was composed of nine educators attending the Master’s Program in Duzce University, Faculty of Education, Educational Administration, Supervision, Planning and Economics Department and at the same time working in various teaching posts. The following results were obtained: Teacher, administrator, instructional programs, school culture and climate, students, teaching-learning process, school environment and parent behaviors that were examined in the framework of school effectiveness had both positive and negative aspects. In order to increase the effectiveness, negative aspects should be eliminated.
The Prevalence of Pituitary Dysfunction in Children Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in the Acute Phase
Authors: Rabi Adil , Tali Abdelali , Younous Said , Chabaa Laila 
Published: February 2020

Neuro-endocrine disorders are a frequent complication of head trauma. The exploration of these disturbances is important because it can contribute to the understanding of some symptoms presented by the patients for better management in the acute phase or during the evolution.
Aim: The objective of this study was to identify the anterior pituitary dysfunction of severe traumatic brain injury and to analyze the correlations between these disorders, brain lesions and clinical signs.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective and descriptive study, conducted in collaboration between the pediatric intensive care unit and the clinical biochemistry laboratory of the Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech. This study was spread over 9 months. It Included children admitted for severe head trauma and with a clinical, hormonal and CT scan. And the interest was in 28 severely traumatized skulls in the acute phase. All patients received TSH, T3, T4, Prolactin and cortisol levels 8 hours after admission.
Results: There were twenty eight patients included in the study. Sex ratio m / f of 1.54, whose age varies between 9 months and 14 years, with an average age of 6.5 years. Half of the patients had an initial Glasgow score of 8/15. This was cerebral oedema in (46.42%) cases. In this study, the rate of endocrine disorders was 85.71%, the exploration of the thyrotropic axis proved normal in all of these patients. Low cortisol levels were observed in 11% of cases, 67.84% of children had hyperprolactinemia. One-third of the patient included in the study had 2-axis involvement, namely cortisol and prolactin. Half, on the other hand, showed only one axis.
Conclusion: In the aftermath of head trauma, pituitary disturbances are frequent and should be included in their management.
Ocular Presentations of Sickle Cell Disease Patients in a Nigerian Hospital
Authors: Efobi Chilota Chibuife , Ejiofor Obiora S. , Ochiogu Bernard C. , Uzozie Chukwudi Charles , Udeaja Anthonia , Onyiaorah Adaora Amoge 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited haemolytic disorder that affects virtually all body systems including the eye. Ocular complications of SCD could have dire consequences if not detected early.
Objectives: We aimed at determining the prevalence of ocular complications of SCD in our patients.
Methods: This study was carried out on patients attending both the adult and Paediatric Sickle cell disease clinic at Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Teaching Hospital, Akwa, Anambra State, Nigeria, over an 8 month period. A structured questionnaire was administered to consenting patients to determine their sociodemographic variables and other characteristics. Visual acuity was determined with multiple optotype Snellen’s chart at 6 metres in natural daylight. Using pen-torch, the face, external eye examination, anterior segment examination and pupillary reaction to light were assessed. Magnified anterior segment examination was performed with slit-lamp biomicroscope. All subjects underwent dilated fundoscopy (after instillation of tropicamide 0.5% eye drop) using Welch Allyn indirect ophthalmoscope. Results were analysed using SPSS version 22.0 Inc Chicago Illinois and represented in tables. Statistically significant P value was set at < 0.05.
Results: A total of 28 patients with age range of 6-42 years were seen. 17 (60.7%) were males, while 11 (39.3%) were females. 8 (28.6%) had at least one ocular anomaly comprising of refractory errors 3 (10.8%), sickle cell retinopathy 4 (14.3%) and glaucoma 2 (7.1%). Only 2 (7.1%) routinely visit eye clinic. SCD retinopathy was found to increase with age (P value= 0.005).
Conclusion: SCD retinopathy was found more in the older age group despite the small sample size at a prevalence rate of 14.3%. Early initiation of routine ocular examination for SCD patients will be beneficial to avert these complications. More efforts should be made at educating the patients. Larger studies will be required to determine the actual prevalence of ocular anomaly in SCD patients in Anambra State.
A POLÍTICA CULTURAL NA REVOLUÇÃO CUBANA: as disputas intelectuais nos anos 1960 e 1970
Authors: Cezar Miskulin Sílvia 
Published: February 2020

<p>A Revolução Cubana promoveu grandes transformações na sociedade da ilha. Novas publicações, instituições culturais e manifestações artísticas acompanharam a efervescência política e cultural ao longo dos anos 60. Esta pesquisa analisou o suplemento cultural Lunes de Revolución, a editora El Puente e o suplemento cultural El Caimán Barbudo, com o objetivo de mostrar o surgimento das novas publicações e manifestações culturais em Cuba após o triunfo da Revolução. O trabalho demonstra que o surgimento de uma política cultural acarretou a normatização e o controle das produções culturais pelo governo cubano desde os anos 1960, e mais ainda após 1971, quando se acentuou o fechamento e o endurecimento no meio cultural cubano.</p><p> </p><p>CULTURAL POLICY IN THE CUBAN REVOLUTION: intellectual disputes in the 1960s and 1970s</p><p>The Cuban Revolution promoted great transformations in the society of the island. New publications, cultural institutions and artistic manifestations accompanied the political and cultural effervescence throughout the 1960s.This research analyzed the cultural supplement Lunes de Revolución, the El Puente publishing house and the El Caimán Barbudo cultural supplement, with the aim of showing the emergence of new publications and cultural manifestations in Cuba after the triumph of the Revolution. However, the emergence of a cultural policy has led to the normalization and control of cultural productions by the Cuban government since the 1960s, and especially after 1971, when the closing and hardening of the Cuban cultural milieu became more pronounced.</p><p>Key words: Cuba. Revolution. Culture. History. Intellectual.</p><p> </p><p>LA POLITIQUE CULTURELLE DANS LA REVOLUTION CUBAINE: controverses intellectuelles dans les annees 1960 et 1970</p><p>La révolution cubaine a promu de grandes transformations dans la société de l’île. De nouvelles publications, des institutions culturelles et des manifestations artistiques ont accompagné l’effervescence politique et culturelle tout au long des années 1960.Cette recherche a analysé le supplément culturel Lunes de Revolución, la maison d’édition El Puente et le supplément culturel El Caimán Barbudo, dans le but de montrer l’émergence de nouvelles publications et manifestations culturelles à Cuba après le triomphe de la Révolution. Cependant, l’émergence d’une politique culturelle a conduit à la normalisation et au contrôle des productions culturelles par le gouvernement cubain depuis les années 1960, et encore plus après 1971, lorsque la fermeture et l’endurcissement du milieu culturel cubain se sont accentués.</p><p>Mots clés: Cuba. Révolution. Culture. Histoire. Intellectuel.</p>
A SOCIOLOGIA DA ARTE COMO VOCAÇÃO: um relato de Vera Zolberg
Authors: Villas Bôas Glaucia , B V Kulitz Layssa 
Published: February 2020

<p>O artigo apresenta a trajetória acadêmica de Vera Zolberg (1932-2016), considerada uma das fundadoras do campo da sociologia da arte nos Estados Unidos. Com base em um relato da socióloga, durante sua última visita ao Brasil, o texto revela as adversidades que ela enfrentou para obter uma formação acadêmica pelo fato de ser mulher, judia, casada e mãe. Da infância no South Bronx, aos estudos no Hunter College, à vida em Boston e no Texas, até o doutorado na Universidade de Chicago, o depoimento de Vera Zolberg evidencia o movimento de sua subjetividade entre oportunidades e adversidades, contingências e surpresas, viagens e deslocamentos em busca de sua autonomia intelectual, assim como nos revela peculiaridades da sociedade norte-americana que raramente aparecem nos discursos sobre o cenário do pós guerra naquele país.</p><p> </p><p>THE SOCIOLOGY OF ART AS A VOCATION: an account of Vera Zolberg</p><p>The article presents the academic trajectory of Vera Zolberg (1932-2016), one of the founders of the field of sociology of art in the United States. Based on an account of the sociologist made during her last visit to Brazil, the text reveals the adversities that she faced in order to obtain an academic training by being a woman, a jew, a wife and a mother. From childhood in the South Bronx, to her studies in Hunter College, to the life in Boston and in Texas to University of Chicago, Vera Zolberg’s testimony evidences the movement of her subjectivity between opportunities and adversities, contingencies and surprises, travels and journeys in search of her intellectual autonomy, just as it reveals to us the peculiarities of American life, which rarely, appears in discourses about the postwar scene.</p><p>Keywords: Vera Zolberg. Academic formation. Intellectual autonomy. Sociology of art.</p><p> </p><p>LA SOCIOLOGIE DE L’ART COMME UNE VOCATION: un rapport de Vera Zolberg</p><p>C’est article présent le trajectoire academique de Vera Zolberg (1932-2016), une des foundatrice du champ de la Sociologie de l’Art dans L’États-Unis. Basé sur un rapport de la sociologue fait lors de sa derniéré visite au Brésil, le text révèle les adversités auxquelles elle a été confrontée afin d’obtenir une formation académique en étant femme, juive, épouse et mére. De l’enfance dans le sud du Bronx, aux etudes au Hunter College, à la vie à Boston et au Texas à l’Université de Chicago, le témoignage de Vera Zolberg montre le mouvement<br />de sa subjetivité entre opportunité et adversité, contingences et surprises, voyages et déplacement à la recherche de sa autonomie intellectuelle, comme nous révèle les particularités de la vie américaine, qui apparaît rarement dans les discours sur la scène de l’après-guerre.</p><p>Mots-clés: Vera Zolberg. Formation academique. Autonomie intellectuelle. Sociologie de l’Art.</p>
New Developments in Transformative Learning
Authors: McClain Adam L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRooted in nearly five decades of scholarly research, transformative learning theory explores how individuals construct and reinterpret their experiences, leading to profound change. This chapter delves into the foundational principles of transformative learning within adult education, highlighting its significance and broad applications. It starts with a definition of transformative learning, moves through traditional perspectives, reviews effective practices, addresses critiques, and calls for a unified theory and metatheory. It concludes with an overview of recent scholarly contributions. The chapter outlines the evolving nature of transformative learning, emphasizing its theoretical developments and the ongoing efforts to synthesize various perspectives. As the field progresses, the pivotal role of transformative learning in fostering deep and meaningful change in adult education is continually reinforced.
Spirituality as the Center of Lifelong Learning
Authors: Kroth Michael , Carr‐Chellman Davin , Rogers‐Shaw Carol 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis chapter argues for the centrality of spirituality in lifelong and adult learning theory and practice. As embedded in human experience, the spirituality of learning, including exploring awe and wonder, is vital. We introduce the processes and outcomes of lifelong spiritual formation, profound learning, and human flourishing as underpinnings for a theoretical, spirituality‐based framework.
Drying Controlled Synthesis of Catalytic Metal Nanocrystals Within 2D‐Material Nanoconfinements
Authors: Little Joshua M. , Chen Amy , Kamali Ali , Akash Tanmay S. , Park Chan‐Soo , Liu Dongxia , Das Siddhartha , Woehl Taylor J. , Chen Po‐Yen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of low‐dimensional metal nanocrystals with precise atom‐to‐nanoscale structure control is crucial for modulating their physicochemical properties. Traditional synthetic routes encounter challenges due to isotropic metallic bonding, which leads to limited control over metal nanostructures. Herein, a versatile approach is developed using various 2D material (2DM) nanoconfinements to produce a wide range of metal nanocrystals with controllable morphologies. Utilizing graphene oxide (GO) and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets, thin multilayer films are assembled through vacuum filtration and are crosslinked with tetraammineplatinum(II) nitrate (TPtN), followed by in situ thermal reduction. By controlling the concentration of TPtN solution, precise loadings of platinum (Pt) are attained while preserving the nanoconfinement integrity. Two water removal techniques, air‐drying and freeze‐drying, are investigated to assess their impacts on resultant morphologies of Pt nanocrystals. Transmission electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate high‐aspect‐ratio Pt nanosheets on MXene substrates and few‐atom Pt nanoclusters on GO substrates. A decrease in size distribution is observed upon the use of freeze‐drying. In the semihydrogenation reaction of phenylacetylene, freeze‐dried Pt–MXene heterostructures achieve a high turnover frequency of 2.93 s−1. This comprehensive study highlights the potential of utilizing 2DM nanoconfinement to synthesize metal nanostructures for catalysts and beyond.
Ultra‐Thin Cubic Ti3Al Buffer/Template Layer Achieving Giant Polarization of Epitaxial Pb(Zr0.40Ti0.60)O3 Film
Authors: Guo Jianxin , Wang Fu , Duo Zhijin , Sun Yong , Song Jianmin , Hou Yue , Dai Xiuhong , Zhao Wenze , Yan Shuai , Hu Xin , Lou Jianzhong , Wang Yinglong , Shi Shu , Chen Jingsheng , Liu Baoting , Yan Xiaobing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInterface strain significantly affects polarization in ferroelectric devices. In this paper, an innovative strategy is proposed to substantially enhance ferroelectric polarization using an ultra‐thin “soft‐buffer‐layer” (SBL), which reduces dislocation density and increases the tetragonality of ferroelectric thin films because of small elastic constants of Ti3Al along x and y axes. And in this work, it is demonstrated that PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 (PZT) thin films are perfect c‐axis‐oriented epitaxial structures on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. The PZT capacitor with Ti3Al buffer layer exhibits a remarkable remnant polarization, reaching up to 131.93 µC cm−2 at an applied voltage of 5.00 V. Surprisingly, under the clamping effect of SrRuO3 and STO, Ti3Al films exhibit cubic structure and facilitate matching to the PZT film. It is proposed that the introduction of the Ti3Al buffer layer notably improves the tetragonality (c/a) ratio from 1.002 to 1.024, and significantly enhancing the polarization. There is no doubt that this adjustment reduces dislocation density and decreases stress influence from STO substrate. Given these advantages, the SBL method presents a compelling option for epitaxial PZT films, and also for enhancing the physical properties of other functional thin film materials.
Polyanionic Electrolyte Ionization Desalination Empowers Continuous Solar Evaporation Performance
Authors: Lv Fengyong , Miao Jie , Wang Zhongyu , Hu Jing , Orejon Daniel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSolar evaporation contributes to sustainable and environmentally friendly production of fresh water from seawater and wastewater. However, poor salt resistance and high degree of corrosion of traditional evaporators in brine make their implementation in real applications scarce. To overcome such deficiency, a polyanionic electrolyte functionalization strategy empowering excellent uniform desalination performance over extended periods of time is exploited. This 3D superhydrophilic graphene oxide solar evaporator design ensures stable water supply by the enhanced self‐driving liquid capillarity and absorption at the evaporation interface as well as efficient vapor diffusion. Meanwhile, the polyanionic electrolyte functionalization implemented via layer‐by‐layer static deposition of polystyrene sodium sulfonate effectively regulates/minimizes the flux of salt ions by exploiting the Donnan equilibrium effect, which eventually hinders local salt crystallization during long‐term operation. Stable evaporation rates in line with the literature of up to 1.68 kg m−2 h−1 are achieved for up to 10 days in brine (15‰ salinity) and for up to 3 days in seawater from Hangzhou Bay in the East China Sea (9‰ salinity); while, maintaining evaporation efficiencies of ≈90%. This work demonstrates the excellent benefits of polyanionic electrolyte functionalization as salt resistance strategy for the development of high‐performance solar powered seawater desalination technology and others.
A Rapidly Assembled and Camouflage‐Monitoring‐protection Integrated Modular Unit
Authors: Zhao Yue , Tan Shujuan , Yu Jiwen , Yu Ruoling , Xu Tong , Zheng Jing , Ji Guangbin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOptical‐electromagnetic compatible devices are urgently required in intelligent building monitors and cross‐band protection. Meanwhile, the insufficient systematicness and semi‐empirical attempts significantly limit the prosperity of cross‐band materials, causing enormous challenges for deviceization and material database construction. Herein, the systematical component‐deviceization‐machine learning prediction‐array construction strategy is attempted to solve the bottleneck issues. A luminance‐triggered camouflage‐monitoring‐protection triune integrated modular unit (IMU) is hierarchically encapsulated to simultaneously achieve efficient anti‐electromagnetic interference (EMI), light‐absorbing, quick gradient‐colorization response. Moreover, an illumination intensity dataset and a surrogate model based on fully connected neural network fitting (FCNN‐fitting) are constructed, which accurately predicts the light‐absorbing property of IMUs and can be instructional for material selection. The IMUs are specifically assembled into a 4*4 array, aiming at multi‐scenario application of programmable display, camouflage pattern, surface conformality, and rapid replaceability. This work paves the path and provides a promising strategy for optical‐electromagnetic compatibility and material genetics‐deviceization‐array systematization.