bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O6D.3 Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure across occupations in korea using urinary metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene
Authors: Koh Dong-Hee , Park Ju-Hyun , Lee Sang-Gil , Kim Hwan-Cheol , Choi Sang-Jun , Jung Hyejung , Park Dong-Uk 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a well-known carcinogen causing lung and skin cancers in exposed workers. Several occupations such as coke production have been reported to be associated with high PAHs exposure. However, previous reports have been confined in several occupations. Thus, we aimed to evaluate PAHs exposure across a wide range of occupations using its urinary metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP).MethodsTo evaluate PAHs exposure across occupations, we collected the urine 1-OHP data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey which is a nationwide bio-monitoring survey. The data contained information about urine 1-OHP levels, cigarette smoking status, and standard occupational codes. We calculated summary statistics of urine 1-OHP levels for each occupation. In addition, we calculated the relative exposure indicators which are the proportions of exceeding the quartile levels. Since cigarette smoking is a single most influential factor of PAHs exposure, we repeated the analyses by excluding current smokers.ResultsOverall geometric means (GM) of all populations and non-smoker populations were 0.13µg/L and 0.10µg/L, respectively. For the major group of occupation, ‘Craft and Related Trades Workers’ and ‘Equipment, Machine Operating and Assembling Workers’ showed the highest urine 1-OHP levels, while ‘Homemaker’ showed the lowest level. For the sub-major group of occupation, ‘Video and Telecommunications Equipment Related Occupations’ showed the highest percentage (61%) of exceeding the third quartile (Q3) level of all populations. While ‘Legal and Administration Professional Occupations’ showed the lowest percentage of exceeding the Q3 level of all populations. For the minor group of occupation, ‘Horticultural and Landscape Workers’ showed the highest percentage (64%) of exceeding the Q3 level of all populations. While ‘Kindergarten teachers’ showed the lowest percentage of exceeding the Q3 level of all populations.ConclusionsOur results will provide ancillary information about PAHs exposure across occupations, especially in occupations where PAHs exposure has not well known.
O6E.2 Exposure assessment for a study of cognitive impairment in former professional footballers in england
Authors: Mcelvenny Damien , Basinas Ioannis , Graveling Richard , Cherrie John , Gallo Valeintina , Kemp Simon , Pearce Neil 
Published: May 2020

Evidence is accumulating on the possible increased risks of neurodegenerative disease in former (professional) sportspersons. This study will assess the associations between a history of repetitive low-level head trauma and general and neurological health in retired professional footballers aged 50+in England. The main exposure measures are concussions and cumulative lifetime repeated sub-concussive head impacts (RSHIs), either from heading footballs or other forces applied to the head. Information on factors associated with concussions and RSHIs will be collected via a structured questionnaire during face-to-face interviews.Our approach will include:Literature search to identify potentially important proxy measures of RSHI during training and matches;Developing a model of cumulative RSHIs, based on the more strongly predictive variables, which may include playing position, the frequency of heading, the number of games played and training sessions attended, decade of play and the type of ball used.The model will be developed from analyses of head contacts from video footage of matches and training, at the individual level and in general, and from statistics on playing career. We will also consult a panel of former professional footballers on the exposure assessment.The exposure data will be crucial to assess whether those with higher exposure within the study cohort are at increased risk compared to those with lower exposure.
O6E.6 Occupational exposures and ALS: international collaborations and new ways to identify risk factors
Authors: Peters Susan , Berg Leonard van den , Veldink Jan , Vermeulen Roel 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAssociations between occupational exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been suggested, but results are inconsistent. Case-control studies are best suited for inclusion of clinically confirmed incident cases, but prone to recall bias. Cohort studies are free from recall bias and may have pre-symptomatic blood stored, to inform about exposures (e.g. lead) well before disease onset.MethodsAn ongoing nation-wide ALS case-control study has been conducted in the Netherlands since 2006 (currently over 3000 cases and 4500 controls) to study risk factors and possible gene-environment interactions. Part of this study has been pooled with case-control studies from Ireland and Italy (Euro-MOTOR), where the same questionnaire was administered.ResultsWithin the Euro-MOTOR study, ∼1300 cases and ∼2600 controls had full job histories available. Occupational exposures to a range of agents were assessed using job-exposure matrices. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, centre, education, smoking and alcohol. We found significant associations between ALS and exposure to silica (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.28–2.33), extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.33) and electric shocks (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05–1.43), independent of the other occupational exposures studied.Future perspectivesA nested ALS case-control study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. 219 people who died from ALS have been identified, and pre-symptomatic blood samples from 168 of these cases are available for analyses. Three controls per case were selected by incidence density sampling matched by age at recruitment, sex and study centre. Metal concentrations will be analysed in the erythrocytes. This would be the first prospective study on the association between exposure to metals and ALS.ConclusionEach study design has its strengths and weaknesses, and ALS should be investigated in a range of (occupational) studies to gain better understanding of its aetiology.
O7A.2 Gender, immigration status, and work disability for acute injuries
Authors: Saffari Niloufar , Koehoorn Mieke , McGrail Kimberlyn , McLeod Christopher B 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe nature of work is changing rapidly with precarious work emerging as an occupational health issue. Both immigration status and gender are associated with precarious work and health inequalities. This paper investigated the modifying effect of gender on the relationship between immigration status and work disability duration for acute injuries in the Canadian context.MethodsWorkers in the Canadian jurisdiction of British Columbia with a workers’ compensation claim from 1995 to 2012 were linked to immigration data (n=8 83 830 claims), and categorized as recent (<10 years, 6.7%) or established immigrants (10+years, 4.0%), versus Canadian-born (89.3%). Work disability days one-year post-injury were modeled using quantile regression, adjusted for confounders and stratified by gender (29.6% women). The analyses was restricted to fractures (n=55 324 claims, 19.4% women), a ‘visible’ injury with a prescribed treatment trajectory within a public health care system.ResultsDisability duration for a work-related fracture was significantly longer for immigrant workers compared to Canadian–born workers regardless of immigration timing or gender, across the disability distribution: 7 to 10 days longer at the 25th percentile [e.g. recent immigrant women 10.4 [95% CI 5.6, 15.2] and men 8.9 days [6.8, 10.9]]; 12 to 15 days longer at the 50th percentile [e.g. recent immigrant women 15.3 [8.0, 22.7] and men 15.6 [12.5, 18.8]]; and 22 to 26 days longer at the 75th percentile [e.g. established immigrant women 22.5 [9.4, 35.8] and men 21.9 [13.4–30.3]].DiscussionLonger disabilities durations for fractures suggest that health inequalities and work vulnerabilities for immigrant workers are not readily explained by subjective injury characteristics or variability in clinical treatment guidelines. The current findings informed two research initiatives to investigate precarious employment on worker health, and to identity policy levers to mitigate inequalities.
O7B.1 Modelling mortality by suicide among women at work in the swiss national cohort
Authors: Wild Pascal , Bovio Nicolas , Canu Irina Guseva 
Published: May 2020

ContextThe aim of this study was to describe the factors associated with mortality by suicide among women at work with a particular focus on work-related factors.Population and methodsThe study population was based on the data of the Swiss National Cohort (SNC) consisting in all Swiss residents recorded in the 1990 and/or the 2000 compulsory national censuses linked to emigration and mortality registers. Within the SNC we selected all working women aged between 18 and 65 at the official census dates.Following work-related variables were available in both censuses: Socio-economic status, weekly hours of work, the sector of activity according to the Swiss NOGA scheme and the job title coded according to ISCO. The date of beginning of follow-up was the date of the relevant census. The date of end of follow-up was the earliest of the 65th anniversary, dec 31 st 2014 (the end of mortality follow-up), the date of loss of follow-up or dec 4th 2010 if no declared work in the 2000 census. The risk of suicide was modelled using negative binomial regression incorporating the number of person-years as offset.ResultsThe cohort comprised 1,843,619 women and 2524 deaths by suicide corresponding to 24.9 million person-years. The most significant non-occupational predictors of suicide were age, civil status, period, nationality and geographical regions. Part-time work and long working hours were associated with increased suicide rates. Health and social activities had the highest suicide risks and education the lowest. Overall the job title according to ISCO-1d was not significant. However the rank of suicide risk among women followed approximately the skill levels associated with these codes. Of interest is however the high RR among professionals.ConclusionAfter accounting for the main non-occupational factors, the suicide risk varied significantly with some work-related factors that were specific for women.
O7B.2 Pilot project for identifying psychosocial risk factors among senior physicians in the pediatric medical center of a university hospital center
Authors: Denis Marie-Agnès , Dumetier Fabienne , Poyard-Berger Ghislaine , Mantha-Belisle Marie-Michèle , Vézina Michel 
Published: May 2020

ContextAfter several warning signals coming from senior physicians working in a Department of pediatrics at a large university hospital, the Department of occupational health decided to assess objectively the psychosocial risks to which this personnel was exposed.MethodsA research team from the scientific unit of the Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec has developed an identification grid with markers that help understanding and limiting physical and psychological risks at work. This grid includes characteristics of the workplace environment and various aspects of management practices. It is based on theoretical models such as ‘Demand-Latitude-Support’ (Karasek & Theorell, 1990), ‘effort-reward imbalance’ (Siegrist, 1996), ‘organizational justice’ (Adams, 2000), and ‘prevention’ (Kristensen, 1999). The assessment involved an interview guide with a scoring system of data collected from credible persons familiar with the working environment.After adequate training in the use of the interview guide, an occupational physician and an occupational psychologist interviewed jointly each of 34 pediatricians and 3 managers and scored the 12 items of the guide according to specific recommendations. The data collected from the interviews were submitted to a thematic analysis.ResultsThe analysis showed that the working environment of the Department was not favorable to the return to work or work-life balance. Regarding management, the warning signals pointed to heavy workloads, lack of recognition, and communication problems. There were some protecting factors such as support from colleagues, some decision latitude (but limited possibilities of knowledge development) and, unevenly between wards, support from the hierarchy. The most negative indicators were reported by junior doctors and, as expected, by temporary personnel.DiscussionAccording to these results, group involving the assessment team, pediatricians, and ward managers will be formed to suggest improvements in the fields of human-resource management, communication, recognition, workloads, and occupational health.
O7B.3 A cohort study of sleep on health psychology among professional drivers
Authors: Lin Yu Jen , Guo Yue Liang , Liou Saou-Hsing 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundLong-term effects of sleep-related factors on risk of psychiatric disorders among professional drivers have not been conclusive. A cohort study was used to evaluate the effectiveness of subjective and objective sleep assessment tools to assess for both the 7 year risk of psychiatric disorders events. Methods: Taiwan Bus Driver Cohort Study (TBDCS) recruited 1650 professional drivers from a large bus company in Taiwan in 2005. The subjects were interviewed in person, completed the sleep assessment questionnaires (Pittsburg sleeping quality score (PSQI), Epworth daytime sleepiness score (ESS), Snore Outcomes Survey score(SOS)), and had an overnight pulse oximeter survey. Psychiatric diseases as diagnosed in the National Health Research Database were the outcomes of this study, including substance abuse, anxiety, mood, and sleep disorders. Cox proportional hazards model was performed to estimate the hazard ratio for psychiatric disorders. Results: Between 2006 and 2012, 102 bus drivers were diagnosed as having psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders were related to higher PSQI score, SOS score, ODI4 levels, and ODI3 levels. The relation between PSQI and psychiatric disorders remains robust after adjusting for age, education, drinking, smoking, refreshing drinks, exercise, bus driving experience, and shift modes. Conclusion: This study showed increased psychiatric disorders in the 7 year follow-up after self-reported poor sleeping quality. Further research is warranted to develop strategies for preventing sleep-related psychiatric disorders among professional drivers.
O7B.4 Are psychosocial working conditions associated with suicide and intentional self-harm? a register-based study of 420,895 norwegians
Authors: Mehlum Ingrid Sivesind , Hanvold Therese N , Mehlum Lars , Hasting Rachel L , Merkus Suzanne L , Kristensen emerit Petter 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesPoor psychosocial working conditions are associated with increased risk of mental health disorders. Some studies suggest that work factors may also increase the risk of suicidal behaviour. However, these studies mostly measured suicidal ideation, rarely completed suicides, and hardly ever used longitudinal data. We aimed to examine the relationship between selected psychosocial work factors and death by suicide, as well as hospital treatment for intentional self-harm and similar diagnoses.MethodsData on all persons born in Norway 1967–1976, employed in 2007 (n=420,895), were retrieved from national registers. Binary psychosocial work exposures were obtained from a job-exposure matrix for job demands, job control and leader support. Based on these, we constructed job strain (high demands, low control), and isostrain (high demands, low control, low support) exposure variables. These were linked to occupation in 2007 (ISCO88 four-digit codes). We estimated associations (Risk Ratios, RRs) between the psychosocial work factors and four-year risk of intentional self-harm and suicide in binomial regression models, adjusted for year of birth, education level, marital history and current family pattern.ResultsDuring 2008–2011, 884 had diagnoses of intentional self-harm (annual rate 53 per 100,000; women 56, men 49), while 164 suicided (annual rate 9.7; women 4.5, men 14.5). Intentional self-harm was associated with all work factors, except job demands and leader support among men. Associations were strongest for high isostrain, adjusted RR 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.2–1.7) and high job strain RR 1.3 (1.2–1.5), similar in women and men. Associations with suicide were positive only among men, with strongest associations for high job strain, RR 1.5 (1.0–2.1).ConclusionsPsychosocial work factors were associated with intentional self-harm in both sexes, but only in men for suicide. High isostrain and high job strain showed the strongest associations. Reasons other than a causal relationship cannot be excluded, particularly health selection.
O7B.6 Mortality by suicide in the swiss national cohort (1990–2014): analysis according to occupation and economic activity
Authors: Canu Irina Guseva , Bovio Nicolas , Mediouni Zakia , Bochud Murielle , Wild Pascal 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveGiven the known importance of work in our everyday lives, and growing economic and psychosocial pressure related to rapid changes in current working conditions, the link between occupation and suicide regains both academic and practical interest. Sex-specific mortality from suicide in Swiss working-age (18–65) population was investigated.MethodsThe study sample comprised 5’834’618 participants of the Swiss National Cohort (SNC) (94’918’456 person-years). For every occupation and economic activity/industry (coded using international standard classifications) we computed directly age-standardized mortality rates (DSRs) using the age structure of the European population (2010) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for suicide using Swiss population cause-specific mortality rates.ResultsThe highest DSRs were observed among unemployed/job seeking group (52.94 per 1 00 000 person-years based on 568 suicides), in agricultural, fishery and related male workers, and in health and social activities female workers. A consistent reduction in DSRs across three calendar periods, 1990–1998, 1999–2006, and 2007–2014 was observed in men. In female corporate managers, DSRs increased over the 2007–2014 period compared with 1999–2006. Unemployed/job seeking people, manufacturing labourers, personal care and related workers, and motor vehicle drivers of both sexes were identified at risk of suicide (SMR >1) compared to general working-age population. Moreover, an excess of suicide was observed among male material recording and transport clerks; nursing and midwife associated professionals; and agricultural workers as well as among female writers and performing artists.ConclusionsThis study showed a distinctive pattern of suicide mortality between the two sexes and identified occupation groups at high and low risk of suicide among men and women. Sex-specific results need further investigation. In-depth analyses, taking into account the individual, social, and organizational characteristics of this population are necessary to understand the differences between and within protective and harmful occupations and to design targeted interventions aiming at suicide prevention among high-risk workers.
O7C.2 Developing a measuring strategy for monitoring and evaluation of a national occupational health intervention programme in great britain (GB)
Authors: Chen Yiqun , Curran Andrew 
Published: May 2020

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is the GB regulator for health and safety at work. The HSE Health and Work (H&W) program designs and carries out a wide range of interventions; including inspection, enforcement and other regulatory activities as well as prevention; targeting priority health conditions in high-risk sectors. It is anticipated that long-term, sustainable and coordinated actions developed as part of the program will over time improve awareness, behaviors, control of exposures, and, as a result, prevent work-related ill health in GB workforce.An HSE Measuring Strategy, together with measurement framework and principles, has been developed. The measurement framework draws together data systems, covering Attitudes (A), Behaviors (B), Control of exposures (C), and Disease and work-related ill health reduction (D), based on a simple model to provide evidence required for evaluating the short, medium and long term impacts of the large scale and complex H&W program on the GB health and safety system. The Strategy gives a new focus on measuring behavioral changes and risk reductions; and emphasizes longitudinal measurement designs to assess progress over time.For developing the Strategy, workshops were organized to bring stakeholders across HSE to review existing systems for conducting population surveys, collecting exposure intelligence and occupational health surveillance, which have contributed to forming a long-term vision of fit-for-purpose measurement systems.We will present the development of the Strategy and the plans to implement it with the H&W program, which requires close collaborations between epidemiologists and social researchers, policy makers, and other multidisciplinary regulatory specialists. The lessons learnt will help HSE towards building the right evidence base for monitoring and evaluation of a range of national level intervention programs for work-related ill health prevention.©British Crown copyright (2019)
O7C.6 Effectiveness of an audit-based occupational health and safety management system certification on firm injury rates in alberta, canada
Authors: McLeod Chris , Macpherson Robert , Aderounmu Adebayo , Quirke Willianm , Koehoorn Mieke 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo determine if achieving an audit-based occupational health and safety management system certification (OHSMS) is associated with lower firm-level lost-time injury rates.MethodsFirm-level workers’ compensation claims and OHSMS audit data were extracted from eligible industry sectors for the years 2000 to 2015. OHSMS and non-OHSMS firms were matched on observable baseline characteristics using coarsened exact matching methods. A difference-in-difference observational research design using population-averaged negative binomial regression models estimated the effect (incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals) of OHSMS certification on firm lost-time injury rates, adjusting for confounders. Models were stratified by industry sector and type of OHSMS (certification for small versus large firms).ResultsThe cohort included 14,377 OHSMS firms matched to 11 338 non-OHSMS firms. Overall, OHSMS certification reduced lost time injuries (IRR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83–0.88), with a greater effect in 2011–15 (IRR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.75–0.82). OHSMS certification was most effective in reducing injuries in the manufacturing (IRR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.70–0.80), trade (IRR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.73–0.86), and transportation (IRR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72–0.89) sectors. No effect was found in oil and gas (IRR: 1.05, 95% CI 0.91–1.20), business (IRR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.89–1.10) and forestry (IRR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.83–1.33) sectors. OHSMS certification for small firms was not associated with a reduction in injuries (IRR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.91–1.06.) in contrast to OHSMS certification for large firms (IRR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.82–0.87).ConclusionsOHSMS certification is effective in reducing firm injury rates. Effectiveness varied by sector, time period, and small or large firm certification. Sectoral differences in OHSMS effectiveness suggest that the ability to prevent hazards targeted by certification may vary by work environment. Further, small firm OHSMS certification may not be identifying safer firms.