bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond “who pays?”: stadium development and urban governance
Authors: Friedman Michael T. , Beissel Adam S. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reframe analyses of stadium and arena subsidization policies from perspectives centered upon economic and financial issues toward a perspective focused on broader issues of urban governance and the public purposes of sports facilities. Such assessments would provide a better understanding of whether such use of public resources represents good public policy.Design/methodology/approachTo demonstrate this, the paper uses an integrated literature review to offer a historical analysis of sport facility development within the context of the broader assumptions that shape public policy and how sports have been used toward achieving particular public goals. This history provides a foundation for an analysis of sports facility development within the current moment as cities require team owners to invest in redevelopment activities in the neighborhoods surrounding sports facilities.FindingsThis paper asserts that focusing on the economic and financial aspects of sports facility development is a perspective that is too narrow. Instead, this paper shows that a more holistic approach, beginning with the dominant mode of urban governance and how its assumptions underlie the public purposes for which stadiums and arenas are used, provides a better explanatory framework and a deeper understanding of the issue in the contemporary moment.Originality/valueMoving beyond the question of economic efficacy, the public purpose-centered approach of this paper seeks to place subsidization policies into a broader dialog with other priorities toward maximizing the public good among the broadest population.
Predicting popular contributors in innovation crowds: the case of My Starbucks Ideas
Authors: Hsiang Chien-Yi , Rayz Julia Taylor 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis study aims to predict popular contributors through text representations of user-generated content in open crowds.Design/methodology/approachThree text representation approaches – count vector, Tf-Idf vector, word embedding and supervised machine learning techniques – are used to generate popular contributor predictions.FindingsThe results of the experiments demonstrate that popular contributor predictions are considered successful. The F1 scores are all higher than the baseline model. Popular contributors in open crowds can be predicted through user-generated content.Research limitations/implicationsThis research presents brand new empirical evidence drawn from text representations of user-generated content that reveals why some contributors' ideas are more viral than others in open crowds.Practical implicationsThis research suggests that companies can learn from popular contributors in ways that help them improve customer agility and better satisfy customers' needs. In addition to boosting customer engagement and triggering discussion, popular contributors' ideas provide insights into the latest trends and customer preferences. The results of this study will benefit marketing strategy, new product development, customer agility and management of information systems.Originality/valueThe paper provides new empirical evidence for popular contributor prediction in an innovation crowd through text representation approaches.
The use of swaps by local administrations: the case of Italian regions, 2007–2014
Authors: Oldani Chiara , Fantini Giulia 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis study contributes to the literature on local administrations' debt and attempts to answer the following research questions: (1) What effects do swaps produce on regions' debt? (2) Have swaps been used to finance discretionary debt?Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates the debt burden as influenced by economic, financial and political variables and forces with panel data techniques, and tests whether swaps have been used to financing debt due to unfunded expenditures.FindingsPanel data results of 15 Italian regions over the 2007–2014 period shows that regions with higher debt exhibited a higher interest rate exposure and have employed derivatives hoping to counterbalance the reduced resources received from the central state, in line with other European countries' experience (i.e. France and Greece).Research limitations/implicationsThe scarcity of official data and information on swaps has limited the empirical investigations in the literature but did not reduce the losses of local administrations.Originality/valueThis study creates the first database on swaps purchased by Italian regions to investigate their impact on their debt. Results show that highly indebted regions with reduced funds from the central state and diminished local resources are more likely to use swaps to fund their debt. Italian regions heavily depended on long-term debt to finance their non-healthcare services, rather than current revenues; swaps have been used to finance discretionary (non-healthcare) debt.
UK practice for penile prosthesis surgery: baseline analysis of the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Penile Prosthesis Audit
Authors: Muneer Asif , Fowler Sarah , Ralph David J. , Summerton Duncan J , Rees Rowland W. ,   the BAUS Section of Andrology, Genitourethral Surgery
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo undertake a prospective multicentre national audit of penile prosthesis practice in the UK over a 3‐year period.Patients and MethodsData were submitted by urological surgeons as part of the British Association of Urological Surgeons Penile Prosthesis National Audit. Patients receiving a penile prosthesis (inflatable or malleable) were included as part of a prospective registry over a 3‐year period. Data were validated and then analysed using a software package (Tableau).ResultsA total of 1071 penile prosthesis procedures were included from 22 centres. The three commonest aetiological factors for erectile dysfunction were diabetes, prostate surgery and Peyronie's disease. Of the recorded data, inflatable penile prostheses were the commonest devices implanted, with 665 devices used (62.1%), whereas malleable prostheses accounted for 14.2% of the implants. Recorded intra‐operative complications included urethral injury (0.7%, n = 7), corporal perforation (1.1%, n = 12) and cross‐over (0.6%, n = 6). Known postoperative complications were recorded in 9.8% of patients (74/752), with the two most frequently reported being postoperative penile pain (n = 11) and scrotal haematoma (n = 14).ConclusionThis baseline analysis is the largest prospective registry of penile prostheses procedures to date. The data show that, over the 3‐year collection period in the UK, there are now fewer surgeons performing the procedure, together with a reduction in the number of centres. Peri‐operative complications were infrequent, and the rate of implant abortion (e.g. as a result of urethral injury) was very low. Further follow‐up data will be required to publish long‐term outcomes and patient satisfaction.
New Cutoff Scores for Delirium Screening Tools to Predict Patient Mortality
Authors: Yamanashi Takehiko , Iwata Masaaki , Crutchley Kaitlyn J. , Sullivan Eleanor J. , Malicoat Johnny R. , Anderson Zoe‐Ella M. , Marra Pedro S. , Chang Gloria , Kaneko Koichi , Shinozaki Eri , Lee Sangil , Shinozaki Gen 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESDetecting delirium is important to identify patients with a high risk of poor outcomes. Although many different kinds of screening instruments for delirium exist, there is no solid consensus about which methods are the most effective. In addition, it is important to find the most useful tools in predicting outcomes such as mortality.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.PARTICIPANTSA total of 1,125 adult inpatients (mean age = 67.7; median age = 69).MEASUREMENTSPost hoc analyses were performed based on existing data from the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM‐ICU), Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised‐98 (DRS), and the Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOSS). Correlation among these scales and relationships between 365‐day mortality and each scale were evaluated.RESULTSA positive result on the CAM‐ICU (“CAM‐ICU positive”) was associated with higher DRS and DOSS scores. A DRS score = 9/10 was the best cutoff to detect CAM‐ICU positive, and DOSS = 2/3 was the best cutoff to detect CAM‐ICU positive. CAM‐ICU positive was associated with high 365‐day mortality. DRS score = 9/10 and DOSS score = 0/1 were found to differentiate mortality risk the most significantly. Higher DRS and DOSS scores significantly coincided with a decrease in a patient's survival rate at 365 days.CONCLUSIONThe best DRS and DOSS cutoff scores to differentiate 365‐day mortality risk were lower than those commonly used to detect delirium in the literature. New cutoff scores for the DRS and DOSS might be useful in differentiating risk of mortality among hospital patients.
Skin barrier damaging and repairing process: A new application field of dermoscopy
Authors: Ye CongXiu , Yi JinLing , Lai Wei , Zheng Yue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough more and more noninvasive detection technologies have been used in assessing skin barrier integrity and functions, more accurate, intuitive, and convenient detective methods still needed to be explored and developed.AimsTo investigate the characteristic image changes under the dermoscopy and to explore the relationship with skin physiological indexes in skin barrier damaging and repairing process.Patients/Methods25 healthy subjects with normal skin in forearm were included and divided into different groups according to the operated strips numbers (30, 35, and 40 times). Before tape stripping, and immediately, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after tape stripping, dermoscopic examination and skin transepidermal water loss (TEWL), surface hydration, and L*a*b* value were simultaneously tested in the same region.ResultsImmediately after different times tape stripping, the amount of cuticle cells residues and the microvascular images were different. In skin barrier repairing process, the scab forming time observed under dermoscopy was day 14, day 7, and day 3 on 30 times, 35 times, and 40 times stripped skin, respectively. A small amount of cuticle cells and blurry vessels could be identified in hydration value <40 group, while there was no cuticle cell residue, and the branching vessels were obvious in hydration value >40 group.ConclusionsUnique manifestations could be observed under dermoscopy in different time points of skin barrier with various degree of injury and in skin barrier repairing process. By combining dermoscopy and skin indexes assessing technologies, the skin barrier integrity and function could be observed and evaluated more accurately and precisely.
Prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in a population‐based sample of children living in remote Australia: The Lililwan Project
Authors: Fitzpatrick James P , Latimer Jane , Carter Maureen , Oscar June , Ferreira Manuela L , Carmichael Olson Heather , Lucas Barbara R , Doney Robyn , Salter Claire , Try Julianne , Hawkes Genevieve , Fitzpatrick Emily , Hand Marmingee , Watkins Rochelle E , Martiniuk Alexandra LC , Bower Carol , Boulton John , Elliott Elizabeth J 
Published: September 2020

AimAboriginal leaders concerned about high rates of alcohol use in pregnancy invited researchers to determine the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial fetal alcohol syndrome (pFAS) in their communities.MethodsPopulation‐based prevalence study using active case ascertainment in children born in 2002/2003 and living in the Fitzroy Valley, in Western Australia (April 2010–November 2011) (n = 134). Socio‐demographic and antenatal data, including alcohol use in pregnancy, were collected by interview with 127/134 (95%) consenting parents/care givers. Maternal/child medical records were reviewed. Interdisciplinary assessments were conducted for 108/134 (81%) children. FAS/pFAS prevalence was determined using modified Canadian diagnostic guidelines.ResultsIn 127 pregnancies, alcohol was used in 55%. FAS or pFAS was diagnosed in 13/108 children, a prevalence of 120 per 1000 (95% confidence interval 70–196). Prenatal alcohol exposure was confirmed for all children with FAS/pFAS, 80% in the first trimester and 50% throughout pregnancy. Ten of 13 mothers had Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores and all drank at a high‐risk level. Of children with FAS/pFAS, 69% had microcephaly, 85% had weight deficiency and all had facial dysmorphology and central nervous system abnormality/impairment in three to eight domains.ConclusionsThe population prevalence of FAS/pFAS in remote Aboriginal communities of the Fitzroy Valley is the highest reported in Australia and similar to that reported in high‐risk populations internationally. Results are likely to be generalisable to other age groups in the Fitzroy Valley and other remote Australian communities with high‐risk alcohol use during pregnancy. Prevention of FAS/pFAS is an urgent public health challenge.
Cardiovascular outcome trials in obesity: A review
Authors: Wilding John P.H. , Jacob Stephan 
Published: September 2020

SummaryObesity is a global epidemic associated with over 200 health complications and a significant risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), partly by increasing classical risk factors such as lipid and glucose levels and blood pressure. Weight loss through lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy and/or bariatric surgery improves CV risk factors. Cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of anti‐obesity medications aim to evaluate the CV safety and benefits of pharmacotherapy. Many CVOTs in obesity have either failed to demonstrate a CV benefit or have been terminated prematurely because of safety issues, prompting regulatory agencies to define new requirements (based on those for CVOTs in type 2 diabetes [T2D]). CVOTs of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) in T2D have demonstrated that some GLP‐1RAs reduce CV risk and may help inform future CVOTs in obesity, given the approval of liraglutide 3.0 mg for obesity. In this review, the evidence for the link between obesity and CVD is considered in the context of studies showing that weight loss improves markers of CV risk and risk of adverse CV events. The review also examines the CVOTs in obesity that have been conducted to date and those under way, such as the SELECT trial with subcutaneous semaglutide of 2.4 mg.
An outbreak of acute hemorrhagic papules on the posterior neck in children during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Smith Allison , Polcari Ingrid , Maguiness Sheilagh , Boull Christina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWithin a two‐week timespan in April 2020, multiple children presented with hemorrhagic macules, papules, and erosions localized to the posterior neck and occipital scalp. All of these patients were children of health care workers, with at least one confirmed COVID‐19 exposure. The unique lesional morphology and the timing of onset led to SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody testing for all and biopsy of one child. Biopsy ultimately confirmed these lesions were consistent with arthropod bites, which coincided with an unprecedented surge in local populations of Simulium tuberosum, a biting gnat.
Book reviews: Robert Guest (2004) “The Shackled Continent: Power, Corruption, and African Lives”
Authors: Wubayehu Tadele Zemede 
Published: September 2020

Over the past two decades, extreme poverty has been decreasing in all regions of the world except for sub-Saharan Africa. This attracted the attention of many scholars and policymakers from Africa and other continents of the world to study and understand the reason why Africa has remained so poor. As a result, many scholars have advanced many reasons for poverty and underdevelopment on the continent. However, no consensus is reached among scholars for poverty and underdevelopment of Africa. 'The shackled continent' is one of the books that has attempted to explain the reasons why Africa has remained so poor. The main of this paper was to critically review the book. The shackled continent has critically analyzed and identified many hobbles that have affected the development process in Africa. In this regard, the author assumption is that Africa has remained so poor as a result of several factors which includes failures of leadership, tribal politics, bad governance, impacts of AIDs, resource curse, lack of transparent property rights, ethnic strife, corruption, frequent military coups, and development assistance failures. Guest admits that these reasons to some extent contribute to the Africans' development challenges. However, arguably failures of leadership are the main reason for underdevelopment in Africa. The author argues that global capitalism is merely a solution to Africa's problems. This book has many strengths as well as weaknesses.
A Semi-Analytic Elastic Rod Model of Pediatric Spinal Deformity
Authors: Neelakantan Sunder , Purohit Prashant K. , Pasha Saba 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The mechanism of the scoliotic curve development in healthy adolescents remains unknown in the field of orthopedic surgery. Variations in the sagittal curvature of the spine are believed to be a leading cause of scoliosis in this patient population. Here, we formulate the mechanics of S-shaped slender elastic rods as a model for pediatric spine under physiological loading. Second, applying inverse mechanics to clinical data of the subtypes of scoliotic spines, with characteristic 3D deformity, we determine the undeformed geometry of the spine before the induction of scoliosis. Our result successfully reproduces the clinical data of the deformed spine under varying loads, confirming that the prescoliotic sagittal curvature of the spine impacts the 3D loading that leads to scoliosis.
Constitutive Modeling of Corneal Tissue: Influence of Three-Dimensional Collagen Fiber Microstructure
Authors: Wang Shuolun , Hatami-Marbini Hamed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The cornea, the transparent tissue in the front of the eye, along with the sclera, plays a vital role in protecting the inner structures of the eyeball. The precise shape and mechanical strength of this tissue are mostly determined by the unique microstructure of its extracellular matrix. A clear picture of the 3D arrangement of collagen fibrils within the corneal extracellular matrix has recently been obtained from the secondary harmonic generation images. However, this important information about the through-thickness distribution of collagen fibrils was seldom taken into account in the constitutive modeling of the corneal behavior. This work creates a generalized structure tensor (GST) model to investigate the mechanical influence of collagen fibril through-thickness distribution. It then uses numerical simulations of the corneal mechanical response in inflation experiments to assess the efficacy of the proposed model. A parametric study is also done to investigate the influence of model parameters on numerical predictions. Finally, a brief comparison between the performance of this new constitutive model and a recent angular integration (AI) model from the literature is given.
A 2nd-Order Continuous Time Delta-Sigma Modulator for Photoplethysmography Analog Front-End
Authors: Pribadi Eka Fitrah , Pandey Rajeev Kumar , Chao Paul C.-P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A brief presents a 2nd order continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (CT-DSM) using a low pass filter to reduce the slew rate requirement of the output swing of the first integrator. By adding the low pass filter, the desired transfer function of the CT-DSM is altered. Thus a feed-forward based compensation circuit is introduced to transform the altered transfer function to the original condition. The CT-DSM is designed with a bandwidth of 100 Hz to satisfy the requirement of photoplethysmogram (PPG) detection. The CT-DSM is simulated using CMOS 180 nm technology with the layout area 460 μm × 460 μm. The circuit uses a 1.8 V supply voltage and consumes 35.61 μW. The signal-to-noise ratio of the CT-DSM is 101.2 dB, while the SFDR is 99.1 dB.
Development of Human-Like Motion Planning Method Using Task Constrained for Humanoid Robotic Arm With Non-Offset Wrist
Authors: Zhu Yi-Hao , Chang Jen-Yuan (James) 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In industry 4.0, to increase flexibility of a robotic arm system, high-DOFs (degrees of freedom) robotic arm system is used for different applications. A traditional way of dealing with high-DOFs configuration control is to utilize kinesthetic teaching in Cartesian space by guiding the robot’s end-effector to targets. Usually, the teaching process takes a long time, and the configuration of the robotic arm makes them only workable for specific application needs. This research presents a novel mechanical design of 7-DOFs humanoid robotic arm and an algorithm to generate human-like motions for the anthropometric robotic arm to solve the problem. Because the humanoid robotic arm exists one redundant DOF, in this paper, this extra DOF is utilized to optimize the human-like motion in performing tasks with minimum angle variance, adjusting force transmission with manipulability ellipsoids, and avoiding obstacles in the environment. Finally, a 7-DOFs humanoid robotic arm is designed and used in a task which is typically performed by bartenders, namely, pouring wine into the glass.
Design of a New Long-Time Continuous Photoplethysmography Signal Acquisition System to Obtain Accurate Measurement of Heart Rate
Authors: Pandey Rajeev Kumar , Lin Jerry , Chao Paul C.-P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study presents a time-interleave and low DC drift long-time continuous photoplethysmography (PPG) signal acquisition system to obtain accurate measurement of heart rate (HR) in real-time. Time-interleave functionality is used herein to minimize the mispositioning issue. Intensity tuning and transimpedance amplifier gain tuning is used herein to acquire a high-quality PPG signal. The front-end analog readout circuit is designed and implemented by using T18 process. The experimental result shows that the design readout system has the DC settling time of 1 second after the motion artifact. The measured current sensing range is 30nA–10uA. The estimated signal to noise ratio is 68dB@1Hz. The backend pre-signal processing incorporates a new convolution-based moving average filter, signal quality index estimator, and a peak-through detector. The non-invasive PPG sensor is applied to the wrist artery of the 40 healthy subjects for sensing the pulsation of the blood vessel. During the measurement, the subject did not drink (alcohol), eat, smoke or workout. The Measurement results shows that the heart rate accuracy and standard error are 95%, and 0.37±1.96bpm, respectively.
A Novel Energy Harvester in a Backpack via Precision Sensing of Back Electromotive Force
Authors: Yen W.-W. , Chao Paul C.-P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, swop fly-back converter, a new type of fly-back converter, was proposed. It is controlled by constant-on time, a strategy of pulse frequency modulation with boundary conduction mode. Due to the structure of swop fly-back converter and the boundary conduction mode control strategy, the energy delivery to battery is proportional to the voltage of coupled capacitor of swop fly-back converter which changed the position of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor and the capacitor instead of measuring input voltage and input current. Thus, the energy was estimated by measuring the voltage of coupled capacitor. The previous test shows that the voltage of coupled capacitor sensing which is measured by 10-bit ADC is good. The peak voltage is 4.036 V, the ADC value is 1009 digi, and it induced average power 1.25W for striding and 2W for jogging.