bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MALT BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.) WATER USE AND GRAIN YIELD RESPONSE TO SALINE IRRIGATION UNDER SHALLOW GROUNDWATER TABLE CONDITIONS
Authors: Mathinya V.N. , van Rensburg L.D. , Mavimbela S.S.W. , Barnard J.H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGlobal water scarcity and salinity of irrigated lands remain a concern. Shallow groundwater tables, often present in irrigation areas, may serve as energy‐efficient water sources, but they may also restrict leaching. This study quantified the salinity effects on water use and grain yield of irrigated malt barley in the presence of a shallow groundwater table. A lysimeter experiment was conducted over two seasons on sandy and sandy loam soils in Bloemfontein, South Africa. A Cocktail barley cultivar was irrigated with five irrigation water quality levels (ECi), i.e. control (1.5), 4.5, 6, 9 and 12 dS m−1. Salinity of the constant (1.2 m) groundwater table corresponded to ECi.Saline irrigation water had cumulative depressive effect on evapotranspiration, groundwater table depletion and grain yield as well as water productivity. Increasing ECi from the control to 12 dS m−1 reduced grain yield by 91 and 89% for the sandy and sandy loam soil, respectively, in the second season. The relationship between grain yield and salinity was dynamic (R2 = 0.8) and more sigmoidal than linear. Given the fluctuating nature of shallow groundwater and its close association with periodic waterlogging, revision of salinity threshold values and yield–salinity relationships for major cash crops remains critical. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The variation degree of coagulation function is not responsible for extra risk of hemorrhage in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dong Chang , Gu Xiaoqiong , Chen Fei , Long Yanlan , Zhu Dan , Yang Xia , Qiu Xiu , Gao Guoquan , Qi WeiWei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized as glucose intolerance of any degree that begins or first diagnosed during pregnancy. It possesses a higher risk of haemorrhage, which may be caused by the coagulation dysfunction. However, there has been no study focus on how coagulation state changes in the progress of GDM pregnancy. Our study is aimed to assess the association of coagulation function and haemorrhage in GDM.MethodsA total of 662 subjects (273 from a population‐based study and 389 from a prospective cohort study) were selected to measure mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet (PLT), thrombocytocrit (PCT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (FIB). All pregnant individuals were divided into normal glucose tolerance (NGT) controls and GDM patients diagnosed between the 24th and 28th weeks of gestation.ResultsCompared with NGT controls, GDM females showed shortened PT, shortened APTT, and increased blood FIB levels, while the platelet parameters MPV, PDW, PLT, and PCT remained unchanged in mid‐pregnancy. By late pregnancy, the platelet parameters MPV, PDW, and PCT were increased in the GDM group compared with the NGT group, while PT and APTT were unchanged.ConclusionsThe GDM group was hypercoagulable compared with the NGT group rather than hypocoagulable as predicted, but still within the normal range. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that the variation degree of coagulation function is not responsible for extra risk of hemorrhage in GDM, and prevention of hemorrhage should focus on other causes.
The application of polyethylenimine grafting reverse osmosis membrane in treating boron‐containing low‐level radioactive wastewaters
Authors: Chen Boxian , Chen Ding , Zhao Xuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDReverse osmosis (RO), which is widely utilized in wastewater treatment, has been proven to be an effective tool for ion separation with high salts rejection. However, owing to the extremely low concentration of nuclides in boron‐containing low‐level radioactive wastewaters (LRWs), there is a significant reduction in rejection of nuclides by using commercial RO membranes. In this study, in order to obtain higher nuclides rejection under trace‐level condition, novel polyamide RO membranes were fabricated by grafting polyethylenimine (PEI) with different molecular weights on commercial RO membrane surfaces.RESULTSThe properties of PEI‐modified membranes were analyzed, such as surface charge, morphology and hydrophilicity. The results showed that zeta potential at pH 7 increased from −22.89 mV to 20.19 mV, which indicated that surface charge altered from negative to positive. Meanwhile, hydrophilicity of membranes was improved since the contact angle decreased from 65° to 36°. The decontamination factor (DF) of cesium(I) increased from 11.69 to 114.23 and the DF of cobalt(II) increased from 28.62 to 3306.88.CONCLUSIONThe laboratory‐scale experiments with cross‐flow demonstrated the effective rejection of nuclides without obvious membrane flux loss of PEI‐modified membranes. In addition, PEI‐modified membranes offered a stable nuclides removal under high‐level background boron and various pH conditions, which demonstrated a possible application in boron‐containing LRW treatment. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Galactose 1‐phosphate accumulates to high levels in galactose‐treated cells due to low GALT activity and absence of product inhibition of GALK
Authors: Oh Sher Li , Cheng Li Yi , J Zhou Jie Fu , Henke Wolfgang , Hagen Thilo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClassic Galactosaemia is a genetic disorder, characterised by galactose intolerance in newborns. It occurs due to recessive mutations in the galactose‐1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) gene. One of the main alterations caused by GALT deficiency is the accumulation of galactose 1‐phosphate (Gal‐1P) in cells. Studies have suggested that Gal‐1P exerts cellular toxicity, possibly by inhibiting cellular metabolism. However, the exact significance of Gal‐1P in disease pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Gal‐1P inhibits cellular glucose utilisation by competing with substrates in the glycolytic pathway. We also investigated the metabolism of both galactose and glucose in GALT‐expressing HEK293T and 143B cells to identify critical reactions steps contributing to the metabolic toxicity of galactose. Notably, we found that galactose‐treated HEK293T and 143B cells, which express endogenous GALT, accumulate markedly high intracellular Gal‐1P concentrations. Despite very high intracellular Gal‐1P concentrations, no inhibition of cellular glucose uptake and no significant changes in the intracellular concentrations of glycolytic metabolites were observed. This indicates that Gal‐1P does not exert an inhibitory effect on glycolysis in cells and rules out one potential hypothesis for cellular Gal‐1P toxicity. We also investigated the mechanism responsible for the observed Gal‐1P accumulation. Our results suggest that Gal‐1P accumulation is a result of both low GALT activity and the absence of product inhibition by Gal‐1P on galactokinase (GALK1), the enzyme responsible for phosphorylating galactose to Gal‐1P. These findings provide a better understanding of the disease mechanisms underlying Classic Galactoaemia.
Effect of Nanoparticles on Viscosity and Interfacial Tension of Aqueous Surfactant Solutions at High Salinity and High Temperature
Authors: Ivanova Anastasia A. , Phan Chi , Barifcani Ahmed , Iglauer Stefan , Cheremisin Alexey N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSurfactant flooding has widely been used as one of the chemically enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. Surfactants majorly influence the interfacial tension, γ, between oil and brine phase and control capillary number and relative permeability behavior and, thus, influence ultimate recovery. Additives, such as nanoparticles, are known to affect surfactant properties and are regarded as promising EOR agents. However, their detailed interactions with surfactants are not well understood. Thus, in this work, we examined the influence of silica nanoparticles on the ability of surfactants to lower γ and to increase viscosity at various temperatures and salinities. Results show that the presence of nanoparticles decreased γ between n‐decane and various surfactant formulations by up to 20%. It was found that γ of nanoparticles–surfactant solutions passed through a minimum at 35 °C when salt was added. Furthermore, the viscosity of cationic surfactant solutions increased at specific salt (1.5 wt.%) and nanoparticle (0.05 wt.%) concentrations. Results illustrate that selected nanoparticles–surfactant formulations appear very promising for EOR as they can lower brine/n‐decane interfacial tension and act as viscosity modifiers of the injected fluids.
Ruminal use of undegraded‐feed soluble protein and accuracy of the estimations of the nutrient content in ruminal bacteria
Authors: González Javier , Díaz‐Royón Fernando , Vanegas Jorge L , Arroyo José M , Carro María D 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe possible escape from the rumen of undegraded‐feed soluble proteins (SP) was investigated using nitrogen‐15 (15N) infusions (25 mg) in three rumen and duodenum cannulated wethers. Animals were fed three isoproteic diets differing in SP content and including protein concentrates either untreated (control) or treated with solutions of either malic acid (MHT) or orthophosphoric acid (OHT) and heat.RESULTSCompared with control, MHT and OHT diets reduced ruminal concentrations of ammonia‐nitrogen (NH3‐N) by 35.9% (P = 0.007), non‐ammonia nitrogen (NAN) by 36.8% (P = 0.007), and SP‐nitrogen (SP‐N) by 45.2% (P = 0.072) over the post‐feeding period. Both NAN and SP‐N were lower (P ≤ 0.040) for OHT than for MHT diet. The 15N enrichment of NAN and SP‐N did not vary either among diets or with time, and both values were closely related (R2 = 0.965; P < 0.001). Estimations, either using solid‐associated bacteria (SAB) or liquid‐associated bacteria (LAB) as a reference, indicated that 0.983 and 0.894 of SP‐N (values averaged across diets) was of microbial origin, respectively, which would indicate a practically negligible ruminal escape of feed SP‐N. Values of 15N‐enrichment in SAB and LAB fitted well to previously published SAB–LAB relationships, indicating a 22% underevaluation of the N supply from SAB when only LAB is used as a reference.CONCLUSIONBoth the negligible ruminal escape of feed SP and the underevaluation of the bacterial nutrient supply as a consequence of the use of LAB as the only bacterial reference should be considered to improve ruminant protein feeding systems. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The Associations Between Physical and Psychological Symptoms and Traumatic Military Deployment Exposures
Authors: Graham Kristin , Searle Amelia , Van Hooff Miranda , Lawrence‐Wood Ellie , McFarlane Alexander 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCurrent paradigms regarding the effects of traumatic exposures on military personnel do not consider physical symptoms unrelated to injury or illness as independent outcomes of trauma exposure, characteristically dealing with these symptoms as comorbidities of psychological disorders. Our objective was to ascertain the proportions of deployed military personnel who experienced predominantly physical symptoms, predominantly psychological symptoms, and comorbidity of the two and to examine the association between traumatic deployment exposures (TDEs) and these symptomatic profiles. Data were taken from a cross‐sectional study of Australian Defence Force personnel who were deployed to the Middle East during 2001–2009 (N = 14,032). Four groups were created based on distributional splits of physical and psychological symptom scales: low‐symptom, psychological, physical, and comorbid. Multinomial logistic regression models assessed the probability of symptom group membership, compared with low‐symptom, as predicted by self‐reported TDEs. Group proportions were: low‐symptom, 78.3%; physical, 5.0%; psychological, 9.3%; and comorbid, 7.5%. TDEs were significant predictors of all symptom profiles. For subjective, objective, and human death and degradation exposures, respectively, the largest relative risk ratios (RRRs) were for the comorbid profile, RRRs = 1.47, 1.19, 1.48; followed by the physical profile, RRRs = 1.27, 1.15, 1.40; and the psychological profile, RRRs = 1.22, 1.07, 1.22. Almost half of participants with physical symptoms did not have comorbid psychological symptoms, suggesting that physical symptoms can occur as a discrete outcome trauma exposure. The similar dose–response association between TDEs and the physical and psychological profiles suggests trauma is similarly associated with both outcomes.
Synthesis and structural elucidation of a phthalide analog using NMR analysis and DFT calculations
Authors: Pinto Bryan N.S. , Teixeira Milena G. , Alvarenga Elson S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhtalides are secondary metabolites found in several fungi with a wide range of biological activities. A novel phthalide analog was synthesized by Diels–Alder reaction between cyclopentadiene and 3,4‐dichlorofuran‐2(5H)‐one. Quantum mechanical calculations were used in conjunction with the spectrometric methods to determine the structure of the title compound. The calculated NMR chemical shifts for eight candidate pairs of enantiomers were compared with the experimental NMR chemical shifts applying the DP4 probability and mean absolute errors methodology. DP4 analysis using 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts without assignment of the signals presented 100% probability for the correct candidate structure 3d, proving the consistency of the method even without spectra interpretation. Results from theoretical calculation and NMR spectra interpretation were in agreement to the structure of rac‐(3aR,4S,4aS,5R,8S,8aR,9R,9aS)‐3a,9a‐dichloro‐3a,4,4a,5,8,8a,9,9a‐octahydro‐4,9:5,8‐dimethanonaphtho[2,3‐c]furan‐1(3H)‐one.
Using Global Criteria to Detect Malnutrition: Application in Disease States
Authors: Kirsch Rachelle , Matthews Kelsie , Williams Valaree 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe accurate diagnosis and subsequent treatment of malnutrition is an essential component of nutrition care because of the known negative impacts of malnutrition on patient outcomes. The detection of malnutrition is influenced by disease‐specific characteristics, practice settings, and the availability of resources. This article explores how malnutrition diagnosis through the application of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition global consensus on malnutrition diagnostic criteria is impacted by the unique characteristics of the heart failure, oncology, and trauma populations.
Eye movement characteristics in schizophrenia: A recent update with clinical implications
Authors: Morita Kentaro , Miura Kenichiro , Kasai Kiyoto , Hashimoto Ryota 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEye movements are indispensable for the collection of visual information in everyday life. Many findings regarding the neural basis of eye movements have been accumulated from neurophysiological and psychophysical studies. In the field of psychiatry, studies on eye movement characteristics in mental illnesses have been conducted since the early 1900s. Participants with schizophrenia are known to have characteristic eye movements during smooth pursuit, saccade control, and visual search. Recently, studies evaluating eye movement characteristics as biomarkers for schizophrenia have attracted considerable attention. In this article, we review the neurophysiological basis of eye movement control and eye movement characteristics in schizophrenia. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects for eye movements as biomarkers for mental illnesses.
Decreased serum levels of thrombospondin‐1 in female depressed patients
Authors: Okada‐Tsuchioka Mami , Omori Wataru , Kajitani Naoto , Shibasaki Chiyo , Itagaki Kei , Takebayashi Minoru 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) is an astrocyte‐derived synaptogenesis‐related factor. It was previously reported to be increased by chronic treatment of electroconvulsive seizure, a model of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), in rat hippocampus. The aim of this study was to examine whether serum levels of TSP‐1 are associated with depression and ECT.MethodsSerum TSP‐1 levels of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients (n = 36) and age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls (n = 36) were measured by TSP‐1 ELISA. MDD patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV‐TR and underwent ECT. MDD patients were also analyzed for serum TSP‐1 levels pre‐ and post‐ECT. Evaluation of symptoms was obtained using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.ResultsSerum TSP‐1 levels showed significant decreases specific to female MDD patients. However, TSP‐1 did not change pre‐ and post‐ECT, did not correlate with symptoms, nor was not affected by the dose of antidepressants.ConclusionSerum TSP‐1 is a possible female‐specific factor that reflects depressive trait, but not state.
Cost‐Effectiveness of a Weight Loss Intervention: An Adaptation of the Look AHEAD Lifestyle Intervention in the US Military
Authors: Manz Karina C. , Waters Teresa M. , Clifton Hannah E. , Kocak Mehmet , Klesges Robert C. , Talcott G. Wayne , Krukowski Rebecca A. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess whether a counselor‐initiated (CI) adaptation of the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) intensive lifestyle intervention in a military setting was cost‐effective relative to a self‐paced (SP) adaptation.MethodsA cost‐effectiveness analysis from a payer perspective was performed alongside a 2014‐2017 randomized behavioral weight loss trial among 248 active‐duty military personnel stationed at a US Air Force base in Texas. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were calculated for weight loss, reductions in waist circumference, and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs).ResultsAfter 12 months, the CI adaptation cost more per participant compared with the SP adaptation ($1,081 vs. $120) but achieved greater weight loss (1.86 kg vs. 0.06 kg), greater reductions in waist circumference (1.85 cm vs. 0.48 cm), and more QALYs (0.871 vs. 0.856). The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for the CI adaptation relative to the SP adaptation was $61,268 per additional QALY. At willingness‐to‐pay thresholds of $50,000 and $100,000 per QALY, the CI adaptation was 45% and 49% likely to be cost‐effective, respectively.ConclusionsThe CI delivery of the Look AHEAD Intensive Lifestyle Intervention may offer a cost‐effective approach to tackle excess weight in the US military.
Prevalence and correlates of adherence to skin examination among adolescent and young adult survivors of melanoma from the Project Forward Study
Authors: Miller Kimberly A. , Wojcik Katherine Y. , Cockburn Myles G. , In Gino K. , Hamilton Ann S. , Milam Joel E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma is a common cancer among adolescents and young adults (AYAs), yet adherence to recommended surveillance and factors related to adherence are not well understood in this population. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of physician‐conducted skin examination (PSE) and skin self‐examination (SSE) among AYA‐aged long‐term survivors of melanoma.ProceduresMelanoma cases were identified from the Los Angeles County cancer registry and surveys were then completed by 128 respondents diagnosed between the ages 0 and 24, with stage 1 melanoma or higher, at least 5 years from diagnosis, and who were between the ages 18 and 39 at the time of survey.ResultsEighty‐two percent of AYA melanoma survivors reported SSE within the past 6 months, while 65% reported annual PSE. Greater health care self‐efficacy was positively associated with adherence to PSE, SSE, and both types of skin examinations (P < .01). Higher socioeconomic status and having a regular source of primary health care were positively associated with annual PSE and adherence to both surveillance practices (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). Hispanic ethnicity was negatively associated with annual PSE compared to non‐Hispanics (P < .01), and greater depressive symptoms were negatively associated with adherence to both skin examinations (P < .05).ConclusionsHigh rates of SSE were observed, but PSE adherence was lower than optimal in this sample. Interventions to improve PSE are needed for at‐risk AYA survivors of melanoma, and strategies that help melanoma survivors navigate the health care system and access primary care may facilitate greater adherence.
Efficient extraction and determination of prenylflavonol glycosides in Epimedium pubescens Maxim. using deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Wang Yang , Peng Bin , Zhao Jing , Wang Mengting , Zhao Longshan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe Epimedium herb, Yinyanghuo in Chinese, is a famous Chinese herbal medicine. In this study, an efficient extraction method was developed for the extraction of major bioactive constituent epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C and icariin from E. pubescens Maxim. using deep eutectic solvents (DESs).MethodologyA series of choline chloride‐based DESs were synthesised for the extraction of four target compounds. DES composed of lactic acid and choline chloride with the ratio of 2:1 was selected as the most promising. Three vital factors affecting the extraction yields including water content, volume of DES aqueous solution and extraction time were optimised systematically by Box–Behnken experimental design in combination with response surface methodology. A high‐performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV) method was developed for the sensitive and accurate quantification.ResultsThe optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows: water content of 17.5% (v/v), volume of DES aqueous solution 3.14 ml, and extraction time of 21 min. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the developed DES method could supply almost the same extraction yield as 50% ethanol, which were 98%, 99%, 97%, 96% for epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C and icariin, respectively.ConclusionThe present study exhibited high efficiency in extraction of prenylflavonol glycosides in E. pubescens Maxim. Thus, DESs could be used as an alternative for efficient extraction and quantification of biologically active components from natural medical plants.
Jasmonic acid levels decline in advance of the transition to the adult phase in maize
Authors: Osadchuk Krista , Cheng Chi‐Lien , Irish Erin E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLeaf‐derived signals drive the development of the shoot, eventually leading to flowering. In maize, transcripts of genes that facilitate jasmonic acid (JA) signaling are more abundant in juvenile compared to adult leaf primordia; exogenous application of JA both extends the juvenile phase and delays the decline in miR156 levels. To test the hypothesis that JA promotes juvenility, we measured JA and meJA levels using LC‐MS in successive stages of leaf one development and in later leaves at stages leading up to phase change in both normal maize and phase change mutants. We concurrently measured gibberellic acid (GA), required for the timely transition to the adult phase. Jasmonic acid levels increased from germination through leaf one differentiation, declining in later formed leaves as the shoot approached phase change. In contrast, levels of GA were low in leaf one after germination and increased as the shoot matured to the adult phase. Multiple doses of exogenous JA resulted in the production of as many as three additional juvenile leaves. We analyzed two transcript expression datasets to investigate when gene regulation by miR156 begins in the context of spatiotemporal patterns of JA and GA signaling. Quantifying these hormones in phase change mutants provided insight into how these two hormones control phase‐specific patterns of differentiation. We conclude that the hormone JA is a leaf‐provisioned signal that influences the duration, and possibly the initiation, of the juvenile phase of maize by controlling patterns of differentiation in successive leaf primordia.