bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The feasibility of urethral plate preservation in proximal and mid-penile hypospadias: sequential and anatomical approach to the repair
Authors: Sarma Vivek Parameswara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The assessment of a child having hypospadias with chordee/ventral curvature (VC) and meatal position that appears to be proximal/mid-penile can be challenging with regard to the choice of chordee correction and type of urethroplasty. The feasibility of preservation of native urethral plate is dependent on these choices. Classically, urethral plate resection of the corpora is performed to correct severe VC, whenever VC is presumed to be due to short urethral plate. But VC is seen to persist in many such cases, in spite of this maneuver that commits the patient to a more complex reconstruction. The aim of the study was to analyze the variation in preoperative and intraoperative assessment of proximal and mid-penile hypospadias, with respect to severity and possible surgical options, in patients treated by a standard protocol of sequential and anatomical approach to repair. The other objective was to ascertain if “extensive ventral urethral detethering” (in all cases) and “urethral plate augmentation” (in select cases) could facilitate more anatomical repair in these cases, with urethral plate preservation and utilization for repair wherever feasible.

Results
Fifty-two children who underwent the specific protocol of repair during the 5-year period from January 2014 to December 2018 at a tertiary teaching institution were included in the study. The essential principles adopted for the surgery were as follows: (i) urethral plate preservation in all possible situations; (ii) “extensive ventral urethral detethering” up to the bulb, as a preliminary step, (iii) sequential correction of VC with urethral plate augmentation (in select cases); and (iv) selecting the optimal repair based on the following principles: (a) urethral plate tubularization, (b) urethral plate augmentation, and (c) urethral plate substitution. There was considerable difference in the preoperative and intraoperative assessment of meatal position, with 12 of the apparently mid-penile hypospadias being reclassified as distal penile after preliminary dissection. Three of the penoscrotal variants were regrouped as proximal penile and 6 of the proximal penile were regrouped as mid-penile type. Majority of cases which were deemed to require complex reconstruction on preoperative assessment could be treated by a single-stage procedure.

Conclusion
The meatal position is seen to shift distally in select cases of proximal or mid-penile hypospadias after thorough degloving, dartos release, and detethering of Buck’s fascia over ventral urethra. Urethral plate can be preserved for utilization in repair in many of these cases by augmenting the urethral plate, enabling a more anatomical neourethral reconstruction. Resection of urethral plate can be thus restricted to the most severe cases of VC.
Families of victims of homicide: qualitative study of their experiences with mental health inquiries
Authors: Ng Lillian , Merry Alan F. , Paterson Ron , Merry Sally N. 
Published: September 2020

Background
Investigations may be undertaken into mental healthcare related homicides to ascertain if lessons can be learned to prevent the chance of recurrence. Families of victims are variably involved in serious incident reviews. Their perspectives on the inquiry process have rarely been studied.

Aims
To explore the experiences of investigative processes from the perspectives of family members of homicide victims killed by a mental health patient to better inform the process of conducting inquiries.

Method
The study design was informed by interpretive description methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five families whose loved one had been killed by a mental health patient and where there had been a subsequent inquiry process in New Zealand. Data were analysed using an inductive approach.

Results
Families in this study felt excluded, marginalised and disempowered by mental health inquires. The data highlight these families’ perspectives, particularly on the importance of a clear process of inquiry, and of actions by healthcare providers that indicate restorative intent.

Conclusions
Families in this study were united in reporting that they felt excluded from mental health inquiries. We suggest that the inclusion of families’ perspectives should be a key consideration in the conduct of mental health inquiries. There may be benefit from inquiries that communicate a clear process of investigation that reflects restorative intent, acknowledges victims, provides appropriate apologies and gives families opportunities to contribute.
“Moving Away From Cancer” Prospective Exercise Trial for Female Rural Cancer Survivors: How Can We Step It Up?
Authors: Modesitt Susan C. , Eichner Natalie , Penberthy J. Kim , Horton Bethany J. , Stewart Martha E. , Lacy Rachel , Weltman Arthur L. 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE: This prospective trial’s objective was to determine feasibility and outcomes of an exercise-based intervention for rural overweight/obese female cancer survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Survivors of endometrial, breast, or ovarian cancer enrolled in a 6-month program of increased aerobic activity (30 minutes daily walking) and strength-training exercises using exercise bands (THERABAND; Akron, OH) with personalized telephone motivational coaching. Baseline demographics, anthropomorphic measurements, quality of life (QOL), fitness, and readiness to adopt exercise changes were assessed; daily steps, band use, and follow-up measurements were assessed at 3 and 6 months. Study completion was modeled using logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean age of the 99 women was 59.9 years, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 35.9 kg/m2, 88.9% were white, and 41.4% reported current exercise. Fifty-five women (55.6%) completed the 6-month program, and 36 (36.4%) completed exercise interventions. Using logistic regression to model study completion, only baseline QOL scores (physical component summary) and mental component summary) remained significant predictors. The mean weight change was a gain (0.88 kg). Higher MCS baseline scores and prior regular exercise predicted continued exercise and increased step counts, whereas higher BMI and baseline sleep predicted decreased QOL. Top walking barriers were feeling unwell and weather; barriers to strength exercises were band dislike and pain. CONCLUSION: The most significant predictor of trial completion and improved exercise outcomes was a higher baseline mental QOL. Motivation, belief in the importance of exercise, and prescribed/monitored exercise regimens were not sufficient; supportive and cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for survivors are needed to sustain uptake.
An Integrated Genomic Approach Identifies HOXC8 as an Upstream Regulator in Ovarian Endometrioma
Authors: Mihara Yumiko , Maekawa Ryo , Sato Shun , Shimizu Natsuko , Doi-Tanaka Yumiko , Takagi Haruka , Shirafuta Yuichiro , Shinagawa Masahiro , Tamura Isao , Taketani Toshiaki , Tamura Hiroshi , Abe Takeshi , Asai Yoshiyuki , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To identify the upstream regulators (URs) involved in the onset and pathogenesis of ovarian endometrioma.

Methods
Recently, a method called Significance-based Modules Integrating the Transcriptome and Epigenome (SMITE) that uses transcriptome data in combination with publicly available data for identifying URs of cellular processes has been developed. Here, we used SMITE with transcriptome data from ovarian endometrioma stromal cells (ovESCs) and eutopic endometrium stromal cells (euESCs) in combination with publicly available gene regulatory network data. To confirm the URs identified by SMITE, we developed a Boolean network simulation to see if correcting aberrant expressions of the identified genes could restore the entire gene expression profile of ovESCs to a profile similar to that of euESCs. We then established euESCs overexpressing the identified gene and characterized them by cell function assays and transcriptome analysis.

Results
SMITE identified 12 potential URs in ovarian endometrioma that were confirmed by the Boolean simulation. One of the URs, HOXC8, was confirmed to be overexpressed in ovESCs. HOXC8 overexpression significantly enhanced cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and fibrotic activities, and altered expression statuses of the genes involved in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. HOXC8 overexpression also increased the expression levels of phosphorylated SMAD2/SMAD3. The increased adhesion and fibrosis activities by HOXC8 were significantly inhibited by E-616452, a selective inhibitor of TGF-β receptor type I kinases.

Main conclusions
Integrated genomic approaches identified HOXC8 as an UR in ovarian endometrioma. The pathological features of ovarian endometrioma including cell proliferation, adhesion, and fibrosis were induced by HOXC8 and its subsequent activation of TGF-β signaling.
Co2(CO)8-Catalyzed Reactions of Acetals or Lactones with Hydrosilanes and Carbon Monoxide. A New Access to the Preparation of 1,2-Diol Derivatives through Siloxymethylation
Authors: Chatani Naoto , Fujii Satoru , Kido Yoichi , Nakayama Yasuhide , Kajikawa Yasuteru , Tokuhisa Hideo , Fukumoto Yoshiya , Murai Shinji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Co2(CO)8-catalyzed reaction of acetals with hydrosilanes and CO under mild reaction conditions (an ambient temperature under an ambient CO pressure), leading to the production of vicinal diols is reported. A siloxymethyl group can be introduced via the cleavage of one of two alkoxy groups in the acetal. The effects of the types of hydrosilanes, acetals, solvents, and reaction temperatures on the yield of siloxymethylation products were examined in detail. The reactivity for hydrosilanes is as follows; HSiMe3 &gt; HSiEtMe2 &gt; HSiEt2Me &gt; HSiEt3. Hemiacetal esters are more reactive than dimethyl acetals. The polarity of the solvent used also has a significant effect on both the course of the reaction as well as the reaction rate. The site-selective siloxymethylation can be achieved in the case of cyclic acetals such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and tetrahydropyrane (THP) derivatives, depending on the nature of the oxygen substituent attached adjacent to the oxygen atom in the ring. When 2-alkoxy THF or THP derivatives are used as substrates, the siloxymethylation takes place with cleavage of the ring C-O bond. In contrast, the reaction of 2-acetoxy THF or THP derivatives results in siloxymethylation with the cleavage of C-OAc bond. The ring-opening siloxymethylation of lactones was also examined.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiography practice: findings from a UK radiography workforce survey
Authors: Akudjedu Theophilus N , Lawal Olanrewaju , Sharma Meera , Elliott Jason , Stewart Sharon , Gilleece Terri , McFadden Sonyia , Franklin James M 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Radiographers are key patient-facing healthcare professionals involved in many aspects of patient care. The working patterns and professional practice of the radiography workforce (RW) has been altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This survey aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on radiography practice in the United Kingdom (UK). Methods: An online cross-sectional survey of the UK RW was performed (March 25th to April 26th, 2020). The survey sought information regarding 1. Demographics 2. Impact of the pandemic on professional practice 3. Infection prevention/control and 4. COVID-19 related stress. Data collected was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (v.26). Results: A total of 522 responses were received, comprising n = 412 (78.9%) diagnostic and n = 110 (21.1%) therapeutic RW categories from across the UK. 12.5% (65/522) of the respondents were redeployed. Redeployment did not appear to contribute (p = 0.31) to work-related stress. However, fear of contracting the infection and perceived inadequate personal protective equipment (PPE) were identified as key contributors to stress during the study period. Compared to the therapeutic RW, a significantly higher proportion of the diagnostic RW identified fear of being infected as a major stressor (166/412 (40.3%) vs 30/110 (27.3%), p = 0.01). Conclusion: This survey has demonstrated changes to clinical practice, in particular to working patterns, service delivery and infection prevention and control were key contributors to workplace-related stress during the pandemic. Advances in knowledge: Timely and adequate staff training and availability of PPE as well as psychosocial support during future pandemics would enhance quality patient and staff safety.
The politics of staying behind the frontline of coronavirus
Authors: Davies Stephanie 
Published: September 2020

Intended as a contribution to the Waiting in Pandemic Times project Collection in response to COVID-19, this short theoretical paper views the coronavirus crisis in terms of its unpredictable effects on the interior life of the National Health Service (NHS) workforce. Written immediately following the suspension (due to the pandemic) of an ethnographic investigation of waiting in a general practice in London, it tracks the first signs that working definitions of time would struggle to survive the onset of a temporality of acute crisis in the NHS. The paper considers what it might mean for healthcare practitioners at this particular moment in the NHS’s history to be living through an experience of ‘the ordinary’ breaking down. It also follows hints of new temporal modes of care appearing during this same period when one kind of crisis in the NHS has been put on hold, and another (the crisis of coronavirus) is just getting underway.
Absorption enhancement by semi-cylindrical-shell-shaped structures for an organic solar cell application
Authors: Hah Dooyoung 
Published: September 2020

Organic solar cells are attractive for various applications with their flexibility and low-cost manufacturability. In order to increase their attractiveness in practice, it is essential to improve their energy conversion efficiency. In this work, semi-cylindrical-shell-shaped structures are proposed as one of the approaches, aiming at absorption enhancement in an organic solar cell. Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) blended with indene-C60 bisadduct (P3HT:ICBA) is considered as the active layer. Light coupling to the guided modes and a geometrical advantage are attributed to this absorption enhancement. Finite-difference time-domain methods and finite element analysis are used to examine the absorption spectra for two types of devices, i.e., a debossed type and an embossed type. It is shown that absorption enhancement increases as the radius of the cylinder increases, but reaches a saturation at about 4-µm radius. The average absorption enhancement with an active layer thickness of 200 nm and radius of 4 µm, and for incidence angles between 0° and 70°, is found as 51%–52% for TE-polarized input and as 30%–33% for TM-polarized input when compared to a flat structure. Another merit of the proposed structures is that the range of incidence angles where the integrated absorption is at the level of the normal incidence is significantly broadened, reaching 70°–80°. This feature can be highly useful especially when organic solar cells are to be placed around a round object. The study results also exhibit that the proposed devices bear broadband absorption characteristics.
Sub-200  fs, 344  MHz mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser
Authors: Lai Weiyu , Zhang Hui , Zhu Zexiu , Yan Peiguang , Ruan Shuangchen , Sun Zhipei , Wang Jinzhang 
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate a compact, self-starting mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE), with a fundamental repetition rate of

∼

344

M
H
z

and a pulse duration of

∼

160

f
s

. The generated pulses centered at

∼

1975

n
m

have a maximum output power of

∼

560

m
W

, corresponding to a pulse energy of

∼

1.63

n
J

. To the best of our knowledge, the achieved repetition rate represents the highest value of fundamentally NPE mode-locked fiber lasers at

∼

2

µ

m

, while the average output power is also higher than the previously reported 2 µm ultrafast single-mode fiber oscillators. The timing jitter in the integrated range [5 kHz, 10 MHz] and the integrated relative intensity noise in the range [10 Hz, 10 MHz] reach

∼

35

f
s

and

∼

0.009

%

, respectively. Our high-performance laser is an ideal candidate for various applications, including mid-infrared frequency metrology and high-speed optical sampling.
Watt-level ultrafast bulk laser with a graphdiyne saturable absorber mirror
Authors: Hao Qianqian , Guo Jia , Yin Luying , Ning Tingyin , Ge Yanqi , Liu Jie 
Published: September 2020

Few-layered graphdiyne (GDY) was successfully fabricated and applied as a saturable absorber to generate a watt-level ultrafast solid-state bulk laser. The maximum output power of up to 1.27 W was obtained with a pulse width of 23 ps and a repetition rate of 92.9 MHz, using

N
d

:

Y
V
O

4

crystal as a gain medium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of GDY as a mode locker in all-solid-state bulk lasers. These results indicate the promising potential of GDY for producing high-power ultrafast lasers.
Digitalisierung und Resilienz in der Food Supply Chain
Authors: Hofmeier Manfred , Lechner Ulrike 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungIm durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und das österreichische Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Regionen und Tourismus geförderten Forschungsprojekt NutriSafe wurde die Studie „NutriSafe Monitor – Resilienz und Blockchain-Technologie in Lebensmittelproduktion und -logistik“ durchgeführt. Entscheider in Unternehmen der Lebensmittelproduktion und -logistik im deutschsprachigen Raum wurden in einer Online-Umfrage zu den Themen Resilienz, Digitalisierung, Transparenz und Produktrückverfolgung sowie Chancen und Risiken von Blockchain-Technologie befragt. Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert die Ergebnisse der Online-Umfrage zur Resilienz und erweitert diese um bivariate Analysen zur Resilienz im Hinblick auf die Digitalisierung. Resilienz wird hier verstanden als Komplex aus Robustheit und Anpassungsfähigkeit und flexible Reaktion auf Störungen und disruptive Veränderungen. Bisher ist wenig über das Thema Resilienz in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen der Lebensmittelproduktion und -logistik bekannt. Der vorliegende Beitrag füllt diese Lücke und analysiert Faktoren der Resilienz (Unterbrechungen in der Wertschöpfungskette, Störungen im Unternehmen, Verwundbarkeit und Bewältigungskapazitäten), Indikatoren der Resilienz sowie die Zusammenhänge mit dem Digitalisierungsgrad in diesen Unternehmen. Ziel der Analyse ist ein Lagebild der Resilienz und der Digitalisierung in Lebensmittelproduktion und -logistik und eine Grundlage zu schaffen, um mögliche Auswirkungen voranschreitender Digitalisierung auf die Lebensmittelversorgung abschätzen zu können.
Self-Efficacy Affects Cancer Patients in Solving Problems, Seeking Support and Avoiding Problems as Coping Mechanisms
Authors: Werdani Yesiana Dwi Wahyu , Silab Pascalis Arief Ardiansyah 
Published: September 2020

Background: Cancer is a disease that causes various physical and mental problems. Being diagnosed with cancer affects the self-efficacy and behavior of individuals to choose a coping mechanism in facing the problem.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of self-efficacy on solving problems, seeking support, and avoiding problems as coping mechanisms in cancer patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 45 cancer patients selected using a total sampling technique from two public health centers in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and Coping Strategy Indicator, and analyzed using the Shapiro Wilk for data normality, and linear regression to determine the effects of self-efficacy on solving problems, seeking support, and avoiding problems with p< 0.05. Results: The results showed the participants’ rate of self-efficacy levels (M=3.26), and coping mechanism levels in solving problems (M=3.46), seeking support (M=2.88), and avoiding problems (M=3.27), as well as mean scores of self-efficacy (32.6±3.8), solving problems (34.6±3.8), seeking support (31.8±3.7), and avoiding problems (32.7±3.2). Based on the linear regression test, there was a significant effect self-efficacy on solving problems (p<0.001; R2=0.97), seeking support (p<0.001; R2=0.98), and avoiding problems (p<0.001; R2=0.98) as coping mechanisms. Conclusion: Cancer patients who had high self-efficacy scores would choose solving problems and seeking support as the coping mechanisms, but those with lower scores on self-efficacy prefer to avoid the problems.
Students’ Views of Classroom Debates as a Strategy to Enhance Critical Thinking and Oral Communication Skills
Authors: Nurakhir Asih , Nindya Palupi Fiqih , Langeveld Cornelia , Nurmalia Devi 
Published: September 2020

Background: The skills in effective communication and critical thinking are essential for nurses to apply appropriate judgments in the delivery of patient care. Classroom debates are evident to be an effective strategy that can be used to improve such skills. Unfortunately, research focusing on classroom debates to promote critical thinking and oral communication skills among nursing students has not been extensively explored. Purpose: This study aimed to explore nursing students’ views of classroom debates as a learning strategy to enhance critical thinking and oral communication skills.Methods: A descriptive qualitative research design was employed in this study. Twelve students of the undergraduate program in nursing with classroom debate experiences and willingness to participate were purposively recruited for semi-structured interviews. Open-ended questions were used, and probing questions were also generated from the participants to get more detailed information. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the inductive content analysis. Results: The results of the study identified five themes, including the acquisition of new knowledge, awareness and responsiveness to diverse viewpoints and arguments, learning structuring ideas and appropriate ways of presentation, development of other necessary skills, and challenges of classroom debates in nursing education. Conclusion: Classroom debates promoted the development of critical thinking and oral communication skills, and offered students an opportunity to develop other necessary skills in the face of today’s complex healthcare. Classroom debates can be integrated into the curriculum and teaching practices of any nursing educational institutions.