bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Understanding of the Peanut Maturity Classification Process
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Boland Brian L. , Tse Zion T. H. 
Published: October 2020

HighlightsThe manual mesocarp color-based classification process for runner peanuts was investigated to inform the development of an automatic method for peanut maturity classification.The results show that the maturity classification process is not solely dependent on mesocarp color. Other factors, such as the shape of the sample distribution, are considered during the manual process.Color detection and distribution shape should be considered in the future development of automatic peanut maturity classification system.Abstract. Optimizing the harvest date is essential for maximizing peanut yields and ensuring top-quality peanuts. Currently, the most popular and acceptable method for peanut maturity classification is a manual method called the peanut profile board, which is based on the color of the peanut’s mesocarp layer. An automated system could greatly improve the efficiency of the current manual method. However, little research has been done on the manual method, so there is not enough insight to guide the development of an automatic system. In this study, the aim was to analyze the process of using the peanut profile board and gather relevant information for developing an automatic method for peanut maturity classification. Specifically, a GoPro camera was used to record on-site sample classification by trained human classifiers. Classification times were analyzed through the recorded videos, and the classification results were compared with a solely color-based classification method to see if trained classifiers consider factors other than color. With an average classification time of 11.98 s per peanut, the Black 1 color category required more classification time than the other color categories, which indicates that Black 1 is most important for maturity classification. The results from the solely color-based classification method had an average color matching rate of 69.3% with the results of the trained classifiers, which indicates that peanut maturity evaluation is not based only on color. The maturity prediction, defined as the ratio of the number of peanuts in the combined brown and black categories to the total sample size, differed by an average of only 13.4% between the two classification methods. This indicates that mesocarp color is the major factor for peanut maturity classification. Overall, the results of this study prove the feasibility of automated color detection and classification for peanut maturity evaluation. Future development of such a system will benefit from the insights found in this study. Keywords: Color classification, Peanut classification time, Peanut maturity classification procedure.
Two Decades of Smart Irrigation Controllers in U.S. Landscape Irrigation
Authors: Dukes Michael D. 
Published: October 2020

HighlightsSavings numbers in new studies across multiple soil types and climates are similar to those summarized in 2011 and are summarized here as 51% in research plot studies and 30% in single-family homes.Studies of the human factors have begun showing how important the users are to success of the technology.Education in implementation remains important to achieve potential water conservation.Abstract. Smart irrigation controllers, such as evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture sensor (SMS) controllers, have become commonly available from virtually all irrigation controller manufacturers. This review summarizes the literature since the Fifth Decennial National Irrigation Symposium (NIS) concerning these controllers in research studies and pilot implementations. Studies have expanded to multiple climates throughout the U.S. on a variety of soils and plant types. When these devices are implemented properly on sites that have potential irrigation savings (i.e., excess irrigation), they are able to reduce irrigation while maintaining plant quality. The level of reduction depends on many factors, including the amount of excess irrigation, climate, plant type, and human interaction with the technology. When studies report positive savings, the levels documented here range from 40% to 61% (51% avg.) in plot studies and from 28% to 32% (30% avg.) in residential studies. Of 17 identified studies in the past decade, five reported negative savings, and in most cases those results were due to ET controllers installed on sites with little excess irrigation or controller programming that was not optimized for savings. New trends in the industry include Wi-Fi signal-based ET controllers with smartphone app capability, an upcoming standard for SMS controllers, as well as smart controllers becoming mandatory in areas of the U.S. As identified in the Fifth Decennial NIS, it remains important to implement controllers on sites with the potential for irrigation reduction as well as proper implementation with the best current information. Finally, there is a need to understand human interaction with these devices because improper programming can make the difference between a water-saving device and ineffective technology with a dissatisfied customer. Keywords: ET controller, Landscape irrigation, Smart controller, SMS, Soil moisture sensor, Soil water sensor.
Linearly polarized single-frequency fiber laser based on the Yb:YAG-crystal derived silica fiber
Authors: Xie Yongyao , Cong Zhenhua , Zhao Zhigang , Liu Zhaojun , Zhao Xian , Qin Zengguang , Jia Zhixu , Qin Guanshi , Shao Xianbin , Gao Xibao , Zhang Xingyu 
Published: October 2020

A linearly polarized low-noise single-frequency fiber laser was demonstrated by using a homemade 1.2-cm-long Yb:YAG crystal derived silica fiber. A maximum output power of greater than 60 mW was obtained with a signal-to-noise ratio of

∼

80

d
B

and a polarization extinction ratio of 27.8 dB. Additionally, the relative intensity noise was measured to be

−

145

d
B

/

H
z

above 6.5 MHz. A frequency fluctuation of less than 20 MHz was also obtained. The output power was scaled up to 14.5 W with a one-stage all-fiber amplifier scheme with a slope efficiency of 56.4%.
High-speed imaging of the sound field by parallel phase-shifting digital holography
Authors: Takase Yuki , Shimizu Kazuki , Mochida Shogo , Inoue Tomoyoshi , Nishio Kenzo , Rajput Sudheesh K. , Matoba Osamu , Xia Peng , Awatsuji Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2020

Sound field imaging techniques have been found very useful for acoustic designs. Building on this idea, innovative techniques are needed and presented in this paper, where we report on developed imaging of the sound field radiated from speakers by parallel phase-shifting digital holography. We adopted an ultrasonic wave radiated from a speaker for an object. The phase distribution of the light wave was modulated by the sound field radiated from the speaker. The modulated phase distribution was recorded in the form of multiplexed phase-shifted holograms at the frame rate of 100,000 fps. A 40,000 Hz sound field radiated from a speaker is used as an observation target. Our proposed method can implement the imaging of the sound field successfully. Also, in order to demonstrate the digital refocusing capability of digital holography, we set two speakers, whose difference in depth positions was 6.6 cm, as a long-depth object. We demonstrated the digital refocusing on the two speakers along with the capability of measuring the positions of the objects. Furthermore, we succeeded in imaging of 40,000 Hz and 41,000 Hz sound fields radiated from the two speakers. The presented experimental results showed that parallel phase-shifting digital holography is very useful and suitable for sound field imaging.
High-Q resonance in GeSn-based bound states in the continuum microcavity
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Liu Yan , Fang Cizhe , Huang Yan , Shao Yao , Han Genquan , Hao Yue 
Published: October 2020

In recent years, the investigations of lasers based on group IV material have been limited by the low quality (Q) factor of the resonant modes. With the improvement of the optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) in various dielectric systems, we propose a novel design that takes advantages of both the direct bandgap dielectric material GeSn and the BIC phenomenon. In addition to the demonstration of the unprecedented high-Q factors (i.e.,

∼

10

10

) that improve the emission process, the vertical symmetry broken structure can emit light at the wavelength of 1870 nm with higher luminous intensity (i.e.,

∼

24

). The modulation effect of the material and geometric parameters on the Q value and the luminous intensity of the structure are also demonstrated. Our investigations provide useful guidelines for potential applications such as on-chip light sources in group IV photonics and optical communications.
Laser-induced anisotropy of electronic pressure and excitation of edge currents inside metal
Authors: Oladyshkin Ivan , Fadeev Daniil , Mironov Vyacheslav 
Published: October 2020

We show theoretically that anisotropy of the electronic distribution function inside the laser-irradiated metal leads to the formation of edge currents at the timescale of distribution isotropization. When the electronic pressure in the skin layer is anisotropic, the pressure gradient appears to be non-potential force producing a low-frequency magnetic field. In the case of femtosecond laser pumping, the estimated internal magnetic field reaches magnitude up to 1 T even in the non-damaging interaction regime. We demonstrate that this field is localized inside the metal, while just a minor part of its energy is radiated into free space as a sub-terahertz signal.
EFFICIENCY OF INPATIENT LAYOUT IN PRIVATE HOSPITAL (Case Study: Bhakti Asih Hospital, Brebes Central Java)
Authors: Wahyuningrum Sri Hartuti , Wardhani Mustika K. 
Published: October 2020

In the context of hospital building, inpatient care has large portion in comparasion of the other facility areas within hospitals related to efficiency, such as outpatient services, emergency room, diagnostic and especially inpatient function group services. Even though inpatient care group do not have specific requirements for detailed design and building equipment, it requires efficiency considerations related to correlation with room layout. It is expected that by considering the level of efficiency of service to patients, design can fulfill technical requirements of health and medical aspects. Regarding designs for district-level private hospitals, demand optimization of placement and layout of inpatient care became main topic in this research. This is related to the value of investment in building area development and types of services provided according to inpatient services class. The method used is comparative study of two (2) private hospital design to find the mind factors that most influence of optimization of inpatient layout. The results of study can be used as a guide in architectural design process for designing hospital buildings especially related to design efficiency of inpatient layout so that the building can function sustainability because of optimal service.
Explicit computation of some families of Hurwitz numbers, II
Authors: Petronio Carlo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We continue our computation, using a combinatorial method based on Gronthendieck’s dessins d’enfant, of the number of (weak) equivalence classes of surface branched covers matching certain specific branch data. In this note we concentrate on data with the surface of genus g as source surface, the sphere as target surface, 3 branching points, degree 2k, and local degrees over the branching points of the form [2, …, 2], [2h + 1, 3, 2, …, 2],

π
=
[

d
i

]

i
=
1

ℓ

.

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\pi=[d_i]_{i=1}^\ell.
\end{array}$

We compute the corresponding (weak) Hurwitz numbers for several values of g and h, getting explicit arithmetic formulae in terms of the di
’s.
Worth Vs. Power: Han Fei’s “Objection to Positional Power” Revisited
Authors: Pines Yuri 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the chapter “Objection to Positional Power” (Nan shi 難勢) of Han Feizi 韓非子. It provides a full translation cum analysis of the text and explores systematically the chapter’s structure, rhetoric, and its political message. The discussion, which contextualizes the chapter’s message within broader trends of the Warring States-period political debates, demonstrates that beneath the surface of debates about “positional power” (shi 勢) versus “worth” (xian 賢), the chapter addresses one of the touchiest issues in Chinese political thought: that of the intrinsic weakness of hereditary monarchy. Furthermore, “Objection to Positional Power” also addresses problems of the meritocratic system of rule and elucidates some of the reasons for Han Fei’s dislike of meritocratic discourse. By highlighting some of the chapter’s intellectual gems I hope to attract further attention to the immense richness of Han Feizi as one of the most sophisticated products of China’s political thought.
Individual uromodulin serum concentration is independent of glomerular filtration rate in healthy kidney donors
Authors: Enko Dietmar , Meinitzer Andreas , Scherberich Jürgen E. , März Winfried , Herrmann Markus , Artinger Katharina , Rosenkranz Alexander R. , Zitta Sabine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The mucoprotein uromodulin is considered to correlate with glomerular filtration rates (GFR) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here we investigated how serum uromodulin is associated with measured GFR using inulin-clearance and GFR estimated by CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation in healthy subjects.

Methods
We assessed possible correlations between uromodulin serum concentrations, inulin-GFR and CKD-EPI-GFR in a well characterized study cohort of 112 healthy living kidney donors with two kidneys before and 64 with one kidney after kidney donation. A subgroup of 32 individuals, which presented data before and after nephrectomy, was assessed separately.

Results
All 112 healthy living kidney donors with two kidneys revealed individual serum uromodulin concentrations between 60.1 and 450.5 µg/L. Sixty-four healthy kidney donors after nephrectomy had significantly lower median (interquartile range) serum uromodulin concentrations (124 [101–166] vs. 185 [152–238] µg/L), inulin-GFR (67.3 [60.6–74.6] vs. 93.5 [82.1–104.4] mL/min/1.73 m2), and CKD-EPI-GFR (61.2 [53.1–69.7] vs. 88.6 [80.0–97.1] mL/min/1.73 m2) as compared to the 112 donors before donation (p<0.001). The subgroup of 32 subjects, which presented data before and after nephrectomy, showed almost the same pattern of kidney function. No statistically relevant associations were found between serum uromodulin and inulin-GFR or CKD-EPI-GFR regarding this healthy population.

Conclusions
These novel findings indicate that – in contrast to patients with CKD – serum uromodulin concentrations are not correlated with measured and estimated GFR in healthy individuals.
Model based control strategies to control voltage of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Siva Mullapudi , Meshram Snehal , Patle Dipesh S , Babu Gara Uday Bhaskar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present work deals with the evaluation of model based control strategies for a PEM fuel cell to control voltage. PEM fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy to electrical energy. Stack voltage is affected by many factors like stack temperature, moisture content of the membrane, partial pressure of hydrogen and air, inlet rate of hydrogen and air and also fuel starvation affects the rate of reaction and hence the voltage produced. In this work, two single input single output models are taken with stack voltage as controlled variable and hydrogen and air flow rate as manipulated variables respectively. The simulation study on two different control structures i.e., feedback and feedback plus feed forward control structures evaluates the effectiveness of proposed controllers concerning set-point tracking and disturbance rejection. Comparative study is carried out by simulations by implementing various model based control strategies, PI, IMC-PID and MPC. The results shows that MPC gives best results in terms of Integral Square error (ISE), Integral Absolute error (IAE) and controller effort (TV). In addition, robust stability analysis is carried out for uncertainty in the process parameters. Also, the controller fragility is studied for uncertainty in the controller parameters.
Genetic influence of DPYD*9A polymorphism on plasma levels of 5-fluorouracil and subsequent toxicity after oral administration of capecitabine in colorectal cancer patients of South Indian origin
Authors: Varma Ashok , Jayanthi Mathaiyan , Dubashi Biswajit , Shewade Deepak Gopal , Sundaram Rajan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
High interindividual variability was reported with capecitabine toxicities among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. DPYD*9A polymorphism was reported responsible for grade 3 or 4 toxicities. Finding the phenotypic association between DPYD*9A polymorphism and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plasma levels will give a better prediction for toxicity susceptibility.

Methods
A total of 145 CRC patients were included in the final analysis. Each patient received capecitabine of 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily for the first 14 days of a 21 day cycle. 5-FU levels were measured at two-time points 2 and 3 h post capecitabine administration across the 1st and 4th cycles of chemotherapy. 5-FU levels were measured using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Genotyping analysis was done by real-time PCR (RT-PCR).

Results
The mean 5-FU drug levels measured during the 1st cycle at time points 2 and 3 h were found to be 267 ng/mL ± (29) and 124 ng/mL ± (22) respectively. Whereas, the observed 5-FU levels in the 4th cycle were 275 ng/mL ± (28) and 130 ng/mL ± (26) respectively. Patients with 5-FU levels in the range of 281–320 and 141–160 ng/mL at 2 and 3 h respectively showed a higher risk for the hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and thrombocytopenia. No association was found between DPYD*9A polymorphism and 5-FU drug levels measured at time point 2 h across both the cycles. However, the drug levels measured at 3 h were found to be significantly different across the DPYD*9A genotypes. Individuals with GG genotype showed significantly higher 5-FU levels when compared to AA genotype.

Conclusions

DPYD*9A polymorphism had a significant influence on the plasma levels of 5-FU after capecitabine administration. The 5-FU levels measured at 3 h corresponding to elimination t1/2 was significantly higher in patients with GG genotype compared AA genotype.
What’s in a name? Identity, indexicality and name-change in an immigrant context
Authors: Obojska Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present study explores the case of a transnational Polish family in Norway in which one of the care givers as well as the teenage son underwent a name change after their initial experiences of migration. Drawing on the audio-recorded interactions in the interview situation, the article investigates the identity constructions of the focal participant in his narrative about the name change. To this end, first, the indexicalities of the social identity categoryPoleas constructed in Norwegian media and the participants’ accounts are outlined. Then, against this backdrop, the focal participant’s identity claims as occasioned in the narrative on the name change are discursively analyzed. The analysis shows that the identity claims the focal participant makes aim at dissociating himself from the powerless, stigmatized position of a migrant, in which he was cast upon his arrival in Norway. Furthermore, the study suggests that migrant identity constructions need to be considered against the participants’ lived experiences of migration, larger societal discourses and against participants’ constructions of belonging to imagined communities.
Microstrip coupled high sensitivity sensor for water ethanol mixture characterization
Authors: Hafdi Zakarya , Tao Junwu , Chaabi Abdelhafid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A multi spiral split ring resonator based sensor is proposed for the characterization of the dielectric properties of a water ethanol mixture. The use of a narrowed microstrip line to excite the multi spiral resonator allows enhancement of excitation current and increase the sensitivity of the sensing area. Good agreement will be presented between theoretical and measured electrical parameters of the resonator in a wide frequency range from 2 to 5 GHz. The proposed sensor shows high sensitivity, miniature size, and affordable cost and above all laboratory-on-chip compatibility important for a large-scale production.
Emergency Manager Perceptions of the Effectiveness and Limitations of Mass Notification Systems: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Pelfrey William V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Disasters can move quickly. Effective communication is a critical resource that can significantly enhance public safety. A mass notification system (MNS) uses text messaging to inform constituents of crisis, provide recommendations, connect to resources, and has the advantage of speed. Limited research has been conducted on the variables that influence the effectiveness, utilization, and perceptions of MNS. The extant study employs a multi-method approach to advance the scholarly knowledge on MNS. All emergency managers in a state were surveyed on issues of MNS enrollment, utilization, and brand. A subgroup of emergency managers were then interviewed to provide depth to the survey findings. Key findings indicate wide variability in MNS usage, little relationship between population size and enrollment, and a high perceived importance of MNS as a communication modality. Policy implications and recommendations are offered.
Pubertal development and adult height in patients with congenital hypothyroidism detected by neonatal screening in southern Brazil
Authors: Nesi-França Suzana , Silveira Rodrigo B. , Rojas Ramos Juliana Cristina R. , Cardoso-Demartini Adriane A. , Lima Cat Monica N. , de Carvalho Julienne A. R. , Pereira Rosana M. , De Lacerda Luiz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Adequate treatment of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is required for normal growth and sexual development. To evaluate pubertal development in patients with permanent CH detected by a statewide Neonatal Screening Program of Paraná and, secondly, to evaluate adult height (AH) in a subgroup of patients.

Methods
Clinical, laboratory, and auxological data obtained from medical records of 174 patients (123 girls).

Results
Median chronological age (CA) at treatment initiation was 24 days, and mean initial levothyroxine dose was 11.7 ± 1.9 μg/kg/day; mean CA at puberty onset was 11.5 ± 1.3 years (boys) and 9.7 ± 1.2 years (girls); mean CA in girls who underwent menarche (n=81) was 12.1 ± 1.1 years. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values above the normal range were observed in 36.4% of the boys and 32.7% of the girls on puberty onset, and in 44.6% around menarche. Among 15 boys and 66 girls who had reached the AH, the median height z-score value was significantly greater than the target height (TH) z-score value in boys (p=0.01) and in girls (p<0.001). Boys with normal TSH values at puberty onset had greater mean AH z-score compared with boys with TSH values above the normal range (p=0.04).

Conclusions
In this group, pubertal development in girls with CH was not different from that reported in healthy girls in the general Brazilian population. Boys with higher TSH at puberty onset may have an increased risk of not reaching their potential height compared with those with normal TSH during this period. In a subgroup who attained AH, the median AH z-score was greater than the median TH z-score.