bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voltage modulates the effect of μ‐receptor activation in a ligand‐dependent manner
Authors: Ruland Julia G. , Kirchhofer Sina B. , Klindert Sebastian , Bailey Chris P. , Bünemann Moritz 
Published: April 2020

Background and PurposeVarious GPCRs have been described as being modulated in a voltage‐dependent manner. Opioid analgesics act via activation of μ receptors in various neurons. As neurons are exposed to large changes in membrane potential, we were interested in studying the effects of depolarization on μ receptor signalling.Experimental ApproachWe investigated potential voltage sensitivity of μ receptors in heterologous expression systems (HEK293T cells) using electrophysiology in combination with Förster resonance energy transfer‐based assays. Depolarization‐induced changes in signalling were also tested in physiological rat tissue containing locus coeruleus neurons. We applied depolarization steps across the physiological range of membrane potentials.Key ResultsStudying μ receptor function and signalling in cells, we discovered that morphine‐induced signalling was strongly dependent on the membrane potential (VM). This became apparent at the level of G‐protein activation, G‐protein coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir3.X) currents and binding of GPCR kinases and arrestin3 to μ receptors by a robust increase in signalling upon membrane depolarization. The pronounced voltage sensitivity of morphine‐induced μ receptor activation was also observed at the level of Kir3.X currents in rat locus coeruleus neurons. The efficacy of peptide ligands to activate μ receptors was not (Met‐enkephalin) or only moderately ([D‐Ala2, N‐Me‐Phe4, Gly5‐ol]‐enkephalin) enhanced upon depolarization. In contrast, depolarization reduced the ability of the analgesic fentanyl to activate μ receptors.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur results indicate a strong ligand‐dependent modulation of μ receptor activity by the membrane potential, suggesting preferential activity of morphine in neurons with high neuronal activity.
We listed patients and we should transplant them
Authors: Howard Richard J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwenty percent of kidneys recovered for transplantation are discarded. The most common reason for not transplanting these kidneys is to organ quality and biopsy findings. Yet, organ quality measures are not associated with discard rates and kidneys with poorer quality measures lead to greater life span for the recipient compared to staying on dialysis. Biopsy findings are not correlated with graft survival in most cases. The risk aversion of transplant centers from using “high‐risk” kidneys can be, in part at least, attributed to negative consequences of poor graft survival with possible program sanctions or possible loss of insurance contracts. CMS has taken a first step by eliminating short‐term graft survival as a performance measure for transplant centers. Many of the discarded kidneys will provide good results if transplanted and would recognize that patients value getting a transplant above graft survival.
Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumours
Authors: Domanski Henryk. A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely accepted safe, simple and rapid diagnostic procedure used in the examination of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic lesions of various locations. Since its introduction, FNAC has developed into an effective diagnostic tool practiced in a large majority of medical centres evaluating and treating oncological patients. The role of FNAC has been limited in the examination of primary soft tissue lesions, however, as many physicians working in this area recommended against using FNAC. An increasing use of minimally invasive diagnostic procedures in the last decade has resulted in a better acceptance of FNAC as a first‐line approach or as a complementary tool to core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions. This review discusses the role and value of FNAC in the evaluation and treatment of soft tissue tumours based on the experience gathered over the course of 48 years at the Sarcoma Center in Lund, Sweden. FNAC reports most often provide diagnostic information allowing the initiation of treatment or, when definitive diagnosis cannot be rendered from a cytological examination, guiding the continued diagnostic investigation. The main advantages of soft tissue FNAC are good sensitivity and specificity, low morbidity, speed of diagnosis, and low cost/benefit ratio. The most important disadvantages stem from limited experience in cytological diagnosis of soft tissue tumours and a lack of standardised and uniform reporting system for soft tissue FNAC.
Die Linienmuster der Haut und ihre Dermatosen
Authors: Senner Sonja , Eicher Laurie , Nasifoglu Suzan , Wollenberg Andreas 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Kenntnis der Linienmuster der Haut stellt eine Schlüsselkompetenz für jeden Dermatologen dar. Vier Hauptgruppen von Linienmustern sind relevant: Langer‐Linien, Dermatome, Blaschko‐Linien und exogene Muster. Die Langer‐Linien markieren die Richtung der geringsten Spannung der Haut und sind diagnostisch wichtig für einige exanthematische Hauterkrankungen. Die thorakodorsale Manifestation der Langer‐Linien wurde als christmas tree pattern herausgestellt. Dermatome sind Hautfelder, die von den sensiblen Spinalnerven innerviert werden. Hauterkrankungen mit neuronaler Pathogenese folgen diesem Muster. Blaschko‐Linien sind kutane Manifestationen genetischer Mosaike, die während der Embryogenese entstehen. Exogene lineare Muster werden durch äußere Faktoren verursacht.Im Folgenden werden einerseits primär in diesen Mustern auftretende Dermatosen besprochen und andererseits Hauterkrankungen aufgezeigt, die sekundär durch Mechanismen der Anbindung (wie Köbner‐Phänomen, Renbök‐Phänomen oder isotope Reaktion) diesen Mustern folgen oder diese aussparen.
Improving the peri‐operative pathway of people with diabetes undergoing elective surgery: the IP3D project
Authors: Page E. , Allen R. , Wensley F. , Rayman G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo determine whether outcomes for people with diabetes undergoing elective surgery improve following the introduction of innovations in the peri‐operative care pathway.MethodsFollowing a baseline audit of 185 people with diabetes listed for elective surgery (July to December 2017) with a length of stay > 24 hours, a number of changes in practice were implemented. These included dissemination of a ‘diabetes peri‐operative passport’ to participants preoperatively, formation of a diabetes surgery working group, recruitment of surgical diabetes champions and the roll‐out of surgical diabetes study days. Crucial was recruitment of a diabetes peri‐operative nurse, whose role included engaging and educating others and supporting individuals throughout their peri‐operative diabetes care. Records of 166 individuals listed for surgery during the implementation period (July to December 2018) were then audited using the same methodology.ResultsThe availability of a recent HbA1c measurement significantly increased (63% vs 92%; P ≤ 0.001). The mean HbA1c of those seen for optimizations by the diabetes peri‐operative nurse significantly decreased [84 mmol/mol (9.8%) vs 62 mmol/mol (7.8%); P ≤ 0.001]. Recurrent hypoglycaemia significantly decreased (7.0% vs 0.6%; P = 0.002) and the mean number of hyperglycaemic events in people experiencing hyperglycaemia almost halved (3.0 vs 1.7; P=0.007). The mean length of hospital stay significantly decreased (4.8 vs 3.3 days; P=0.001) and, crucially, 30‐day readmissions did not increase (12% vs 9%; P=0.307). Postoperative complications significantly decreased (28% vs 16%; P=0.008), including a composite of dysglycaemic complications, poor wound healing, wound infection and other infections (12% vs 5.4%; P=0.023).ConclusionThe new pathway improved important peri‐operative outcomes for people with diabetes undergoing elective surgery with the potential for cost savings. These findings could have important implications for peri‐operative care on a wider scale.
High‐protein meals require 30% additional insulin to prevent delayed postprandial hyperglycaemia
Authors: Paterson M. A. , Smart C. E. M. , Howley P. , Price D. A. , Foskett D. C. , King B. R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the amount of additional insulin required for a high‐protein meal to prevent postprandial hyperglycaemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes using insulin pump therapy.MethodsIn this randomized cross‐over study, 26 participants aged 8–40 years, HbA1c < 65 mmol/mol (8.1%), received a 50 g protein, 30 g carbohydrate, low‐fat (< 1 g) breakfast drink over five consecutive days at home. A standard insulin dose (100%) was compared with additional doses of 115, 130, 145 and 160% for the protein, in randomized order. Doses were commenced 15‐min pre‐drink and delivered over 3 h using a combination bolus with 65% of the standard dose given up front. Postprandial glycaemia was assessed by 4 h of continuous glucose monitoring.ResultsThe 100% dosing resulted in postprandial hyperglycaemia. From 120 min, ≥ 130% doses resulted in significantly lower postprandial glycaemic excursions compared with 100% (P < 0.05). A 130% dose produced a mean (sd) glycaemic excursion that was 4.69 (2.42) mmol/l lower than control, returning to baseline by 4 h (P < 0.001). From 120 min, there was a significant increase in the risk of hypoglycaemia compared with control for 145% [odds ratio (OR) 25.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.5–206; P < 0.001) and 160% (OR 103, 95% CI 19.2–993; P < 0.001). Some 81% (n = 21) of participants experienced hypoglycaemia following a 160% dose, whereas 58% (n = 15) experienced hypoglycaemia following a 145% dose. There were no hypoglycaemic events reported with 130%.ConclusionsThe addition of 30% more insulin to a standard dose for a high‐protein meal, delivered using a combination bolus, improves postprandial glycaemia without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia.
Nest box contentions: Are nest boxes used by the species they target?
Authors: Goldingay Ross L. , Rohweder David , Taylor Brendan D. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryNest boxes have grown in popularity as a habitat management tool in Australia during the last decade. This management use remains contentious because some studies suggest nest boxes are ineffective. There are three recent contentions: (i) nest boxes mostly benefit common species, (ii) exotic species may be dominant users of nest boxes, and (iii) species of conservation concern use nest boxes infrequently. We address these contentions using data from 1865 nest boxes involving eight nest box designs. These nest boxes were installed predominantly <200 m from a road in association with highway duplication and re‐alignment across 16 projects in New South Wales. The Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is the species of most relevance to contention 1. It used 9% of boxes overall including 26% of ‘possum’ designated boxes. The most frequent nest box users were small petaurid gliders (mostly Sugar Gliders, Petaurus breviceps) which used 63% of ‘small glider’ designated boxes. This nest box and another suited to the Sugar Glider comprised 40% of all boxes installed, so it is not surprising that this species might be a common user. Exotic species were uncommon users of the nest boxes enabling contention 2 to be rejected. Active hives of Feral Honeybees (Apis mellifera) occupied just 1% of boxes, and another 1% of boxes were used by introduced rodents and birds. The Squirrel Glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) is the species most relevant to contention 3. It was seen in 80 boxes across 11 projects, representing 7% of the three types most frequently used. These observations are not consistent with the third contention. Nest boxes can provide many important insights about the requirements and interactions of hollow‐dependent fauna. However, they are not intended as an alternative to retaining hollow‐bearing trees.
Molecular analysis and clinical diversity of distal hereditary motor neuropathy
Authors: Liu X. , Duan X. , Zhang Y. , Sun A. , Fan D. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeDistal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMNs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic distribution of dHMNs in a large cohort of Chinese patients and provide insight into the underlying common pathophysiology of dHMNs.MethodsMulti‐gene panel testing or whole‐exome sequencing was performed in 70 index patients with clinically diagnosed dHMN between January 2007 and December 2018. The clinical features, Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) neuropathy scores and electrophysiological data at diagnosis were recorded.ResultsTwenty‐four causative mutations were identified in 70 index patients with dHMN (34.3%). Mutation in the HSPB1 gene was the most common cause of dHMN. Some CMT genes (MPZ, SH3TC2, GDAP1) were found to be related to dHMN with minor sensory involvement. Patients with a dHMN‐plus phenotype (distal motor neuropathy and additional neurological deficits) carried variants in genes related to hereditary spastic paraplegia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy (FUS, KIF5A, KIF1B, ZFYVE26, DNAJB2).ConclusionsComprehensive genetic testing of dHMN patients allows for identification of the pathogenic mutation in one‐third of cases. Pure motor neuropathies and motor neuropathies with minor sensory involvement share many genes with CMT disease. Causes for dHMN‐plus phenotypes overlap with motor neuron disease.
Positive Relational Transformation in Religious Families: Supports and Catalysts for Meaningful Change
Authors: Spencer Ashley Tuft , Marks Loren D. , Dollahite David C. , Kelley Heather H. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to qualitatively explore how religion can be a catalyst or support for positive, spontaneous transformations in families and the timing of these transformations.BackgroundThere is a paucity of empirical literature that discusses how positive change or transformation occurs within families independent of professional intervention. Research has shown that religion can have many positive influences on family relationships, but more research is needed that explores religion and religiosity as a transformative agent in familial relationships.MethodUsing interviews from 198 racially diverse, marriage‐based families (N = 476 participants) from Abrahamic faiths (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam), we employed a team‐based methodology to code and analyze accounts of positive relational transformation.ResultsTwo themes relating to the timing of transformation, gradual and sudden, along with supports and catalysts for these transformations were identified from qualitative data analysis. These themes are presented with supportive illustrations.ConclusionFor some families, religious experiences did reportedly help inspire and transform their marriages and family relationships.ImplicationsThis study suggests that religion can lead to positive transformation in families, and thus religion may be an effective tool families, religious leaders, and therapists can use to improve and transform family relationships.
Microstructure and properties of porous anorthite/mullite whiskers ceramics with high porosity
Authors: Wu LingHao , Li CuiWei , Li Hao , Li ShiBo , Wang Chang‐an 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPorous anorthite/mullite whiskers ceramics with high porosity (>91%) and high strength (>0.45 MPa) have been successfully prepared by foam gel‐casting method. Effects of extra mullite whiskers on properties including thermal conductivity and compressive strength at different temperatures were investigated and discussed in terms of microstructure observed through SEM and TEM. The results showed that the addition of extra mullite whiskers in certain content could effectively reduce thermal conductivity, improve the compressive strength both at room and high temperature at same time. When the mullite whiskers content was 20 mol%, the porosity was as high as 91.6 ± 0.19%, the thermal conductivity was low to 0.034 ± 0.003 W/(m·K), and the compressive strength at 1000°C was high to 0.64 ± 0.11 MPa three times to the pure one. Small pores, small grains, and more phase interface or grain boundary caused by the addition of extra mullite whiskers were the main factors for low thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, small pores, closely bonded small grains, and the stable three‐dimension network formed by mullite whiskers helped to improve strength.
Correlations between trans isomers of α‐linolenic acid and polar components in linseed oil during heating
Authors: Shao Linya , Song Huiyu , Li Xu , Huang Jianhua , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: April 2020

SummaryDuring heating of oils, trans fatty acids can be formed via various chemical reactions, which are not treated as free fatty acids but as part of triglycerides. The factors that influence the formation of trans isomers of α‐linolenic acid (TALAs) and the correlation between TALAs and total polar components were studied by heating linseed oil. Both heating temperature and time affected TALA formation. Increasing temperature from 170 °C to 200 °C for 2 h produced more TALAs than conducting 14 h heating at 170 °C. Pumping air promoted oxidation of α‐linolenic acid, reducing the content of TALAs, especially c9, c12, t15‐C18:3. TALA contents were positively correlated with total polar components, triglyceride oligomer, triglyceride dimer and diglyceride (DG) (r = 0.456–0.813), but negatively correlated with free fatty acids (r = −0.650–‐0.469). No correlation was found between TALAs and oxidised triglyceride monomer. Compared with di‐TALAs, mono‐TALAs had stronger correlation with DG.
Plasticity of borosilicate glasses under uniaxial tension
Authors: Lee Kuo‐Hao , Yang Yongjian , Ding Linfeng , Ziebarth Benedikt , Davis Mark J. , Mauro John C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe mechanical response of multicomponent borosilicate glasses has drawn significant attention in the design of damage‐resistant glasses. In this work, we investigate the plasticity of two borosilicate glasses, Borofloat®33 (Boro33) and N‐BK7®, by implementing a uniaxial tension test using molecular dynamics simulations. A bond‐switching mechanism is found to be responsible for the plastic response of both glasses and is governed by the increasing rate of non‐bridging oxygen (NBO) production during the uniaxial tension. We found that the amount of B4OSi4 linkages in the glass governs the stress drop after yielding, due to its higher tendency to create NBOs compared to Si4OSi4. Also, the initial existence of NBOs weakens the critical stress for breaking the B4‐O bond in B4OSi4, which in turn lowers the yield strength of the glass. The local atomic constraints are analyzed in the two glasses, and high anti‐correlation between the concentration of rigid constraints and plastic deformation is observed.
Catheter ablation is preferred over surgery for persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Anannab Alisara , Gianni Carola , Della Rocca Domenico G , Sahore Salwan Anu , Natale Andrea , Al‐Ahmad Amin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere are important limitations that can hinder outcomes of surgical ablation in nonparoxysmal patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), which is the typical AF population undergoing concomitant cardiac surgery for valve or ischemic heart disease. Incomplete lesions with recovered conduction or gaps as well as arrhythmias originating from areas not targeted by surgical ablation are commonly seen at the time of recurrence. Therefore, while it might be reasonable to perform AF surgery in this cohort, it is important to know these limitations and establish adequate postoperative rhythm monitoring to detect recurrences, which can be effectively addressed by catheter ablation.
Ischaemic post‐conditioning in rats: Responder and non‐responder differ in transcriptome of mitochondrial proteins
Authors: Schreckenberg Rolf , Klein Johann , Kutsche Hanna Sarah , Schulz Rainer , Gömöri Kamilla , Bencsik Péter , Benczik Bettina , Ágg Bence , Sághy Éva , Ferdinandy Péter , Schlüter Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIschaemic post‐conditioning (IPoC) is a clinical applicable procedure to reduce reperfusion injury. Non‐responsiveness to IPoC possibly caused by co‐morbidities limits its clinical attractiveness. We analysed differences in the expression of mitochondrial proteins between IPoC responder (IPoC‐R) and non‐responder (IPoC‐NR). Eighty rats were randomly grouped to sham, ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R), IPoC or ischaemic pre‐conditioning (IPC, as positive cardioprotective intervention) in vivo. Infarct sizes were quantified by plasma troponin I levels 60 minutes after reperfusion. After 7 days, rats were sacrificed and left ventricular tissue was taken for post hoc analysis. The transcriptome was analysed by qRT‐PCR and small RNA sequencing. Key findings were verified by immunoblots. I/R increased plasma troponin I levels compared to Sham. IPC reduced troponin I compared to I/R, whereas IPoC produced either excellent protection (IPoC‐R) or no protection (IPoC‐NR). Twenty‐one miRs were up‐regulated by I/R and modified by IPoC. qRT‐PCR analysis revealed that IPoC‐R differed from other groups by reduced expression of arginase‐2 and bax, whereas the mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP)‐2 was induced in IPC and IPoC‐R. IPoC‐R and IPoC‐NR synergistically increased the expression of non‐mitochondrial proteins like VEGF and SERCA2a independent of the infarct size. Cardiac function was more closely linked to differences in mitochondrial proteins than on regulation of calcium‐handling proteins. In conclusion, healthy rats could not always be protected by IPoC. IPoC‐NR displayed an incomplete responsiveness which is reflected by different changes in the mitochondrial transcriptome compared to IPoC‐R. This study underlines the importance of mitochondrial proteins for successful long‐term outcome.