bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular non-compaction in patients with single ventricle heart disease
Authors: Choudhary Preeti , Strugnell Wendy , Puranik Rajesh , Hamilton-Craig Christian , Kutty Shelby , Celermajer David S 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:Left ventricular non-compaction is an architectural abnormality of the myocardium, associated with heart failure, systemic thromboembolism, and arrhythmia. We sought to assess the prevalence of left ventricular non-compaction in patients with single ventricle heart disease and its effects on ventricular function.Methods:Cardiac MRI of 93 patients with single ventricle heart disease (mean age 24 ± 8 years; 55% male) from three tertiary congenital centres was retrospectively reviewed; 65 of these had left ventricular morphology and are the subject of this report. The presence of left ventricular non-compaction was defined as having a non-compacted:compacted (NC:C) myocardial thickness ratio >2.3:1. The distribution of left ventricular non-compaction, ventricular volumes, and function was correlated with clinical data.Results:The prevalence of left ventricular non-compaction was 37% (24 of 65 patients) with a mean of 4 ± 2 affected segments. The distribution was apical in 100%, mid-ventricular in 29%, and basal in 17% of patients. Patients with left ventricular non-compaction had significantly higher end-diastolic (128 ± 44 versus 104 ± 46 mL/m2, p = 0.047) and end-systolic left ventricular volumes (74 ± 35 versus 56 ± 35 mL/m2, p = 0.039) with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (44 ± 11 versus 50 ± 9%, p = 0.039) compared to those with normal compaction. The number of segments involved did not correlate with ventricular function (p = 0.71).Conclusions:Left ventricular non-compaction is frequently observed in patients with left ventricle-type univentricular hearts, with predominantly apical and mid-ventricular involvement. The presence of non-compaction is associated with increased indexed end-diastolic volumes and impaired systolic function.
Contained rupture of right ventricular outflow tract after Rastelli-type operation
Authors: Watanabe Takuji , Nishigaki Kyoichi , Kawahira Yoichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis report describes a 3-year-old infant with post-operative mediastinitis complicated by a contained rupture of the right ventricle. A contained rupture is recognised as the huge pulsating prominence of the anterior chest wall. CT confirmed blood communication between the right ventricular outflow tract and the cavity surrounded by the pectoral major musculocutaneous flap. This is a significant case in which severe adhesion between the right ventricle and the musculocutaneous flap could maintain her stable haemodynamics with a pulsating prominence.
Efficacy of bubble contrast echocardiography in detecting pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in children with univentricular heart after total cavopulmonary connection
Authors: Asada Dai , Morishita Yuma , Kawai Yoko , Kajiyama Yo , Ikeda Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground:Development of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in patients with cavopulmonary anastomosis may result in a significant morbidity. Although the use of bubble contrast echocardiography with selective injection into both the branch pulmonary arteries in identifying pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas has been increasing, the actual efficacy of this diagnostic modality has not been properly evaluated. Thus, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of bubble contrast echocardiography in detecting pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in children with total cavopulmonary connection.Methods:A total of 140 patients were included. All patients underwent cardiac catheterisation. Bubble contrast echocardiographic studies were performed by injecting agitated saline solution into the branch pulmonary arteries. Transthoracic echocardiograms that use an apical view were conducted to assess the appearance of bubble contrast in the systemic ventricles. Then, the contrast echocardiogram results and other cardiac parameters were compared.Results:No correlation was found between contrast echocardiogram grade and other cardiac parameters, such as pulmonary capillary wedge saturation and pulmonary artery resistance. Moreover, only 13 patients had negative results on both the right and left contrast echocardiograms, and 127 of the 140 patients had positive results on contrast echocardiograms even though they had normal pulmonary capillary wedge saturation. Results showed that bubble contrast echocardiography was a highly sensitive method and was likely to obtain false-positive results.Conclusions:Bubble contrast echocardiography might be highly false positive in detecting pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in patients with cavopulmonary anastomosis. We have to consider how we make use of this method. Further standardisation of techniques is required.
Does obesity affect the short-term outcomes after cardiothoracic surgery in adolescents with congenital heart disease?
Authors: Garcia Richard U. , Balakrishnan Preetha L. , Aggarwal Sanjeev 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground:Obesity is a modifiable, independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity after cardiovascular surgery in adults. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of obesity on short-term outcomes in adolescents undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD).Methods:This retrospective chart review included patients 10–18 years of age who underwent CHD surgery. Our exclusion criteria were patients with a known genetic syndrome, heart transplantation, and patients with incomplete medical records. The clinical data collected included baseline demographics and multiple perioperative variables. Charting the body mass index in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth curves, the entire cohort was divided into three categories: obese (>95th percentile), overweight (85th–95th percentile), and normal weight (<85th percentile). The composite outcome included survival, arrhythmias, surgical wound infection, acute neurologic injury, and acute kidney injury.Results:The study cohort (n = 149) had a mean standard deviation (SD), body mass index (BMI) of 22.6 ± 6.5 g/m2, and 65% were male. There were 27 obese (18.1%), 24 overweight (16.1%), and 98 normal weight (65.8%) patients. Twenty-seven (18%) patients had composite adverse outcomes. Overweight and obese patients had significantly higher adverse outcomes compared with normal weight patients (odds ratio (OR): 2.9; confidence interval (CI): 1–8.5, p = 0.04 and OR: 3; CI: 1–8.5, p = 0.03, respectively). In multivariate analysis, obesity was an independent predictor of adverse outcome in our cohort (p = 0.04).Conclusions:Obesity is associated with short-term adverse outcome and increased health resource utilisation in adolescents following surgery for CHD. Further studies should evaluate if intervention in the preoperative period can improve outcomes in this population.
A survey of national trends in psychiatric patients found incompetent to stand trial: reasons for the reinstitutionalization of people with serious mental illness in the United States
Authors: Warburton Katherine , McDermott Barbara E. , Gale Anthony , Stahl Stephen M. 
Published: January 2020

Objective.Recent information indicates that the number of forensic patients in state hospitals has been increasing, largely driven by an increase in patients referred to state hospitals as incompetent to stand trial (IST). This survey was intended to broaden the understanding of IST population trends on a national level.Methods.The authors developed a 30-question survey to gather specific information on IST commitments in each state and the District of Columbia. The survey was administered to all 50 states and the District of Columbia via email. Specific individuals identified as primary administrators responsible for the care and evaluation of IST admissions in each state were contacted.Results.A total of 50 out of the 51 jurisdictions contacted completed the survey. Fully 82% of states indicated that referrals for competency evaluation were increasing. Additionally, 78% of respondents thought referrals for competency restoration were increasing. When asked to rank factors that led to an increase, the highest ranked response was inadequate general mental health services in the community. Inadequate crisis services were the second ranked reason. Inadequate number of inpatient psychiatric beds in the community was the third highest, with inadequate assertive community treatment services ranking fourth.Conclusions.Understanding the national trend and causes behind the recent surge in referrals for IST admissions will benefit states searching for ways to remedy this crisis. Our survey indicates most states are facing this issue, and that it is largely related to insufficient services in the community.
Malaysian adolescents’ perceptions of healthy eating: a qualitative study
Authors: Sharif Ishak Sharifah Intan Zainun , Chin Yit Siew , Mohd Taib Mohd Nasir , Mohd Shariff Zalilah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore the concepts of healthy eating and to identify the barriers and facilitating factors for dietary behaviour change in adolescents.Design:A qualitative study involving twelve focus groups.Setting:Two secondary schools in the district of Hulu Langat in Selangor, Malaysia.Participants:Seventy-two adolescents aged 13–14 years.Results:Adolescents had some understanding regarding healthy eating and were able to relate healthy eating with the concepts of balance and moderation. The adolescents’ perceptions of healthy and unhealthy eating were based on food types and characteristics, cooking methods and eating behaviours. Facilitators for healthy eating were parents’ control on adolescents’ food choices, feeling concern about own health and body, being influenced by other’s health condition, and knowledge of healthy or unhealthy eating. On the other hand, barriers for healthy eating were the availability of food at home and school, taste and characteristics of foods, and lack of knowledge on healthy or unhealthy foods.Conclusions:The findings contribute to a better understanding of the adolescents’ concept of healthy eating, as well as the facilitators and barriers to practising healthy eating. Future interventions should include a method of promoting the immediate benefits of healthy eating, the way to cope with environmental barriers for healthy eating, and increasing the availability of healthy food choices at home and in the school environment. The health and nutrition education programmes should also focus on educating parents, as they can be role models for adolescents to practise more healthful behaviours.
Psychiatric and psychosocial implications in cancer care: the agenda of psycho-oncology
Authors: Grassi Luigi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Because of the increasing global cancer burden and the WHO epidemiological estimation in terms of number of new cases, deaths and long-survivors worldwide, an interdisciplinary approach, including psychiatric and psychoncology care is mandatory in oncology. About 50% of cancer patients have in fact been shown to have psychiatric disorders, including clinically significant emotional distress and/or unrecognised or untreated psychosocial conditions as a consequence of cancer at some point during the cancer trajectory. These problems are associated with the patient's reduction of quality of life, impairment in social relationships, longer rehabilitation time, poor adherence to treatment and abnormal illness behaviour. Because of these reasons, the internationally recognised IPOS Standards of Quality Cancer Care underline that psychosocial cancer care should be recognised as a universal human right; that quality cancer care must integrate the psychosocial domain into routine care and that distress should be measured as the sixth vital sign after temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate and pain. In spite of social inequalities still existing between countries in the organisation and implementation of psychosocial oncology, recommendations and guidelines are available regarding screening, assessment and intervention to psychiatric and psychosocial disorders across the trajectory of cancer. The clinical and political agenda of psychoncology as a mandatory component of a whole comprehensive person-centred approach to cancer should therefore be acknowledged in psychiatry.
How should we support young people with ASD and mental health problems as they navigate the transition to adult life including access to adult healthcare services
Authors: King Christopher , Merrick Hannah , Le Couteur Ann 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the transition from childhood to adulthood especially for those with additional mental health problems can be challenging. Increasing numbers of young people attending child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) have a recognised diagnosis of ASD. What are the outcomes of these young people when they are discharged from CAMHS and how best can services support their needs? In this editorial we consider the emerging literature on transition for young people with long-term conditions and in particular those with ASD. Longer term studies suggest that the outcomes for individuals with ASD across the ability range is mostly poor and that healthcare transfer has generally not been managed well, with service users often reporting a lack of appropriate types of support. Encouragingly there is an increasing awareness of the need to support young people with long-term conditions as they negotiate the many developmental tasks of transition to adulthood. However, less is known about the experiences and aspirations of autistic individuals of all abilities as they transition to adulthood. This knowledge can inform a more nuanced approach to identifying developmentally appropriate outcomes. Recent studies with cognitively able young people with ASD, highlight some features in common with young people with long-term conditions but also the importance of identifying ways to foster underlying skills and the ability of young people with ASD to develop and maintain relationships. Child-focussed and adult-orientated healthcare services need to work directly with autistic individuals and their support networks to facilitate successful engagement with services and enable adults to manage their mental health needs. There is an urgent need to investigate the implementation and effectiveness of research and clinical guideline recommendations that aim to increase wellbeing, health self-efficacy and improve the mental health outcomes for autistic adults.
Mental health care in oncology. Contemporary perspective on the psychosocial burden of cancer and evidence-based interventions
Authors: Caruso R. , Breitbart W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With cancer incidence increasing over time worldwide, attention to the burden of psychiatric and psychosocial consequences of the disease is now mandatory for both cancer and mental health care professionals. Psychiatric disorders have been shown to affect at least 30–35% of cancer patients during all phases of the disease trajectory, and differ in nature according to stage and type of cancer. Other clinically relevant distressing psychosocial and existential conditions (e.g. demoralisation, health anxiety, loss of meaning and existential distress) not included as ‘disorders’ in the usual diagnostic and nosological systems (i.e. meta-diagnostic conditions) have also been shown to be present in another 15–20% of cancer patients. In this editorial, we will present a summary of the extensive literature regarding the epidemiology of the several psychosocial disorders affecting cancer patients as a cause of distress and burden to be taken into consideration and addressed in cancer care through evidence-based intervention.
Using CloudSat‐CPR Retrievals to Estimate Snow Accumulation in the Canadian Arctic
Authors: King Fraser , Fletcher Christopher G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSnow is a critical contributor to our global water and energy budget, with profound impacts for water resource availability and flooding in cold regions. The vast size and remote nature of the Arctic present serious logistical and financial challenges to measuring snow over extended time periods. Satellite observations provided by the Cloud Profiling Radar instrument—installed on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration satellite CloudSat—allow the retrieval of snowfall rates in high‐latitude regions, which have been used to estimate surface snow accumulation. In this study, a validation of CloudSat‐derived terrestrial snow estimates is presented at four Environment and Climate Change Canada weather stations situated in the Arctic for the common period 2007–2015. Comparisons of monthly climatological snow accumulation show mean biases of less than 1.5‐mm snow water equivalent annually. Monthly time series exhibit correlations above 0.5 and root‐mean‐square error below 10‐mm snow water equivalent at the two highest‐latitude stations (Eureka and Resolute Bay) with correlations falling below 0.5 south of 70°N. CloudSat was also found to underestimate annual mean snow accumulation at the majority of sites, suggesting a potential negative bias in CloudSat's accumulation estimates, or underestimation related to sampling. These results imply that CloudSat can provide reliable estimates of snow accumulation across similar high‐latitude regions above 70°N.
September 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming: Quasi‐6‐Day Wave Burst and Ionospheric Effects
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Matthias V. , Miyoshi Y. , Stolle C. , Siddiqui T. , Kervalishvili G. , Laštovička J. , Kozubek M. , Ward W. , Themens D. R. , Kristoffersen S. , Alken P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn exceptionally strong stationary planetary wave with Zonal Wavenumber 1 led to a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the Southern Hemisphere in September 2019. Ionospheric data from European Space Agency's Swarm satellite constellation mission show prominent 6‐day variations in the dayside low‐latitude region at this time, which can be attributed to forcing from the middle atmosphere by the Rossby normal mode “quasi‐6‐day wave” (Q6DW). Geopotential height measurements by the Microwave Limb Sounder aboard National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Aura satellite reveal a burst of global Q6DW activity in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during the SSW, which is one of the strongest in the record. The Q6DW is apparently generated in the polar stratosphere at 30–40 km, where the atmosphere is unstable due to strong vertical wind shear connected with planetary wave breaking. These results suggest that an Antarctic SSW can lead to ionospheric variability through wave forcing from the middle atmosphere.
Apoptotic cell-derived exosomes: messages from dying cells
Authors: Kakarla Ramesh , Hur Jaehark , Kim Yeon Ji , Kim Jaeyoung , Chwae Yong-Joon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractApoptosis, a type of programmed cell death that plays a key role in both healthy and pathological conditions, releases extracellular vesicles such as apoptotic bodies and microvesicles, but exosome release due to apoptosis is not yet commonly accepted. Here, the reports demonstrating the presence of apoptotic exosomes and their roles in inflammation and immune responses are summarized, together with a general summary of apoptosis and extracellular vesicles. In conclusion, apoptosis is not just a ‘silent’ type of cell death but an active form of communication from dying cells to live cells through exosomes.
Nucleophosmin mutations confer an independent favorable prognostic impact in 869 pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Xu Lu-Hong , Fang Jian-Pei , Liu Yao-Chung , Jones Adrianna I. , Chai Li 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudies on the clinical significance of Nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations in pediatric AML in a large cohort are lacking. Moreover, the prognosis of patients with co-occurring NPM1 and FLT3/ITD mutations is controversial. Here, we analyzed the impact of NPM1 mutations on prognoses of 869 pediatric AML patients from the TAGET dataset. The frequency of NPM1 mutations was 7.6%. NPM1 mutations were significantly associated with older age (P < 0.001), normal cytogenetics (P < 0.001), FLT3/ITD mutations (P < 0.001), and high complete remission induction rates (P < 0.05). Overall, NPM1-mutated patients had a significantly better 5-year EFS (P = 0.001) and OS (P = 0.016) compared to NPM1 wild-type patients, and this favorable impact was maintained even in the presence of FLT3/ITD mutations. Stem cell transplantation had no significant effect on the survival of patients with both NPM1 and FLT3/ITD mutations. Multivariate analysis revealed that NPM1 mutations were independent predictors of better outcome in terms of EFS (P = 0.004) and OS (P = 0.012). Our findings showed that NPM1 mutations confer an independent favorable prognostic impact in pediatric AML despite of FLT3/ITD mutations. In addition, pediatric AML patients with both NPM1 and FLT3/ITD mutations appear to have favorable prognoses and may not need hematopoietic stem cell transplantations.
ALG-2 couples T cell activation and apoptosis by regulating proteasome activity and influencing MCL1 stability
Authors: He Tian-Sheng , Ji Wangsheng , Zhang Junqi , Lu Jing , Liu Xinqi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractT cell homeostasis is critical for the proper function of the immune system. Following the sharp expansion upon pathogen infection, most T cells die in order to keep balance in the immune system, a process which is controlled by death receptors during the early phase and Bcl-2 proteins in the later phase. It is still highly debated whether the apoptosis of T cells is determined from the beginning, upon activation, or determined later during the contraction. MCL1, a Bcl-2 family member, plays a pivotal role in T cell survival. As a fast turnover protein, MCL1 levels are tightly regulated by the 26S proteasome-controlled protein degradation process. In searching for regulatory factors involved in the actions of MCL1 during T cell apoptosis, we found that ALG-2 was critical for MCL1 stability, a process mediated by a direct interaction between ALG-2 and Rpn3, a key component of the 26S proteasome. As a critical calcium sensor, ALG-2 regulated the activity of the 26S proteasome upon increases to cytosolic calcium levels following T cell activation, this consequently influenced the stability of MCL1 and accelerated the T cell “death” process, leading to T cell contraction and restoration of immune homeostasis. Our study provides support for the notion that T cells are destined for apoptosis after activation, and echoes the previous study about the function of ALG-2 in T cell death.
Image-guided neural activity manipulation with a paramagnetic drug
Authors: Bricault Sarah , Barandov Ali , Harvey Peter , DeTienne Elizabeth , Hai Aviad , Jasanoff Alan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTargeted manipulations of neural activity are essential approaches in neuroscience and neurology, but monitoring such procedures in the living brain remains a significant challenge. Here we introduce a paramagnetic analog of the drug muscimol that enables targeted neural inactivation to be performed with feedback from magnetic resonance imaging. We validate pharmacological properties of the compound in vitro, and show that its distribution in vivo reliably predicts perturbations to brain activity.