bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergent constraints on equilibrium climate sensitivity in CMIP5: do they hold for CMIP6?
Authors: Schlund Manuel , Lauer Axel , Gentine Pierre , Sherwood Steven C. , Eyring Veronika 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. An important metric for temperature projections is the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), which is defined as the global mean surface air temperature change caused by a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration. The range for ECS assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report is between 1.5 and 4.5 K and has not decreased over the last decades. Among other methods, emergent constraints are potentially promising approaches to reduce the range of ECS by combining observations and output from Earth System Models (ESMs). In this study, we systematically analyze 11 published emergent constraints on ECS that have mostly been derived from models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) project. These emergent constraints are – except for one that is based on temperature variability – all directly or indirectly based on cloud processes, which are the major source of spread in ECS among current models. The focus of the study is on testing if these emergent constraints hold for ESMs participating in the new Phase 6 (CMIP6). Since none of the emergent constraints considered here have been derived using the CMIP6 ensemble, CMIP6 can be used for cross-checking of the emergent constraints on a new model ensemble. The application of the emergent constraints to CMIP6 data shows a decrease in skill and statistical significance of the emergent relationship for nearly all constraints, with this decrease being large in many cases. Consequently, the size of the constrained ECS ranges (66 % confidence
intervals) widens by 51 % on average in CMIP6 compared to CMIP5. This is
likely because of changes in the representation of cloud processes from
CMIP5 to CMIP6, but may in some cases also be due to spurious statistical
relationships or a too small number of models in the ensemble that the emergent
constraint was originally derived from. The emergently- constrained best
estimates of ECS also increased from CMIP5 to CMIP6 by 12 % on average.
This can be at least partly explained by the increased number of high-ECS
(above 4.5 K) models in CMIP6 without a corresponding change in the constraint predictors, suggesting the emergence of new feedback processes
rather than changes in strength of those previously dominant. Our results
support previous studies concluding that emergent constraints should be
based on an independently verifiable physical mechanism, and that process-based emergent constraints on ECS should rather be thought of as
constraints for the process or feedback they are actually targeting.
Flowing wells: terminology, history and role in the evolution of groundwater science
Authors: Jiang Xiao-Wei , Cherry John , Wan Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The gushing of water from flowing wells attracted public attention and
scientific curiosity as early as the 17th century, but little
attention has been paid to the influence of flowing wells on the evolution
of groundwater science. This study asserts that questions posed by flowing
wells since the early 19th century led to the birth of many fundamental
concepts and principles of physical hydrogeology. Due to the widespread
occurrence of flowing wells in basins with regional aquitards, there is a
long-lasting misconception that flowing wells could only occur in regionally confined aquifers. However, the recognition of possible occurrence of flowing wells in unconfined aquifers was anticipated at the turn of the 20th century based on observed increases in hydraulic head with depth in topographic lows of basins without apparent aquitards. This was later verified in the 1960s by field and modeling studies that gave birth to quantitative analysis of topographically driven groundwater flow systems, which was a paradigm shift in hydrogeology. Following this paradigm, several preconditions for flowing wells established in the 19th century were found unnecessary. Intermingled in the evolution of flow system concepts are inconsistencies and confusion concerning the use of the term “artesian”, so we propose avoidance of this term. This historical perspective of the causes of flowing well conditions and the influence of flowing wells on groundwater science could lead to a deeper understanding of the evolution of groundwater science and guide future studies on hydraulics of flowing wells.
Estágios, identidade e formação do professor de matemática em tempos de mudanças
Authors: Barroso Dauanny Erika 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o estágio na formação inicial universitária do professor da Educação Básica, bem como analisa as possiblidades de sua contribuição para a construção da identidade docente, em especial para o professor de Matemática. Partindo da compreensão de diversos autores sobre as mudanças que têm sido impostas à realidade profissional docente, entende ser necessária uma formação que considere o professor como um intelectual crítico reflexivo. Esse conceito traz a reflexão crítica subsidiada pela teoria, que permite aos professores avançarem num processo de transformação da prática pedagógica, mediante sua própria transformação. Uma reflexão que exige uma sólida formação teórica que dê condições ao sujeito de promover mudanças em seu fazer pedagógico. A concepção do professor como intelectual crítico reflexivo vai ao encontro de orientações para a formação docente oriundas de pesquisas que procuram olhar a formação do professor tendo o estágio como elemento central dessa formação. Enquanto uma atividade teórico-prática, uma atitude investigativa que envolve estudos, análise, problematização, reflexão e proposição de soluções sobre o ensinar e o aprender, sobre o trabalho docente e sobre as práticas institucionais situadas em seus contextos sociais, históricos e culturais; o estágio se constitui um espaço, por excelência, em que poderão ser tecidas as bases identitárias da profissão docente.
Schirley P. França e a artesania do cuidar: memórias de uma mãe bonequeira de muitos filhos e bonecos
Authors: Gomes Daniela Rosante , França Schirley P. 
Published: December 2020

O texto é a transcrição de uma entrevista editada com Schirley P. França, atriz, brincante, bonequeira e matriarca de uma família artista que há 40 anos iniciou sua trajetória mambembe percorrendo os rincões de um Brasil de Brasis: a Companhia Carroça de Mamulengos. O contexto da entrevista se insere em uma pesquisa de doutoramento realizada sobre essa família de artistas a partir de situações de convivência com e entre os sujeitos de pesquisa e através da História Oral, tal como entendida por José Sebe Meihy. Uma entrevista realizada em plena pandemia de COVID-19 por vídeo-conferência, revelando a Arte e os desafios da trajetória de uma mulher artista que, como tantas, vai encontrando as formas de tecer seus saberes e fazeres nos cotidianos recheados de obrigações domésticas, maternas e conjugais da vida.
De la Tardoantigüedad al Medievo: un enfoque crítico acerca de los estudios arqueológicos en la ciudad de Saguntum y su territorio en época visigoda
Authors: Benedito Nuez Josep , Ferrer Maestro Juan José , Melchor Monserrat José Manuel 
Published: December 2020

El hallazgo de restos materiales de época visigoda en torno a Sagunto, no alcanza a entrevercual sería la consideración de este territorio situado a caballo de las actuales provincias deValencia y Tarragona. Con este trabajo se pretende examinar la importancia real de los materialesde este periodo cultural para individualizar los yacimientos, reconocer diferencias y poderfechar los distintos procesos culturales, contrarrestando en la medida de lo posible la escasez de intervenciones arqueológicas desarrolladas en el ámbito de los siglos V y VIII.
The discovery of material remains from the Visigothic period around Sagunto gives a glimpse of the little consideration towards the territory located halfway between the current provinces of Valencia and Tarragona. The aim of this paper is to examine the relevance of the vestiges from this cultural period in order to identify the features of these sites, analyse their differences and date the different cultural processes they have gone through, counteracting where possible the scarcity of archaeological research conducted in this field during the 5th and 8th centuries.
Effect of a HIIT protocol on the lower limb muscle power, ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic balance in a sedentary type 1 diabetes mellitus population: a pilot study
Authors: Alarcón-Gómez Jesús , Martin Rivera Fernando , Madera Joaquin , Chulvi-Medrano Iván 
Published: December 2020

Background
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is commonly associated with premature loss of muscle function, ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic balance. Those impairments, usually, lead to physical functionality deterioration. High-intensity interval training is an efficient and safety methodology since it prevents hypoglycemia and not requires much time, which are the main barriers for this population to practice exercise and increase physical conditioning. We hypothesized that a 6-week HIIT program performed on a cycle ergometer would increase lower limb muscle power, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance without hypoglycemic situations.

Methods
A total of 19 diagnosed T1DM subjects were randomly assigned to HIIT group (n = 11; 6-week HIIT protocol) or Control group (n = 8; no treatment). Lower limb strength was evaluated through velocity execution in squat with three different overloads. Weight bearing lunge test (WBLT) was performed to test ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and Y-Balance test (YBT) was the test conducted to analyze dynamic balance performance.

Results
Velocity in squat improved a 11.3%, 9.4% and 10.1% (p < 0.05) with the 50%, 60% and 70% of their own body mass overload respectively, WBLT performance increased a 10.43% in the right limb and 15.45% in the left limb. YBT showed improvements in all directions (right limb-left limb): Anterior (4.3–6.1%), Posteromedial (1.8–5.2%) and Posterolateral (3.4–4.5%) in HIIT group (p < 0.05), unlike control group that did not experience any significant change in any of the variables (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
A 6-week HIIT program is safe and effective to improve execution velocity in squat movement, a fundamental skill in daily living activities, as well as ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance to reduce foot ulcers, risk falls and functional impairments. HIIT seems an efficient and safety training methodology not only for overcome T1DM barriers for exercising but also for improving functional capacities in T1DM people.
A methodology for examining the association between plasma volume and micronutrient biomarker mass and concentration in healthy eumenorrheic women
Authors: Aguree Sixtus , Gernand Alison D. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Accurate estimation and interpretation of nutritional biomarker concentrations are important in nutritional research, clinical care, and public health surveillance. Plasma volume (PV) may affect the interpretation of plasma biomarkers but is rarely measured. We aimed to examine the association between plasma volume (PV) and micronutrient biomarker concentrations and mass as part of pilot work to develop methods.

Methods
Nine healthy women with regular menstrual cycles provided fasting blood samples to measure micronutrient biomarkers. Indocyanine green was injected, and five timed blood draws were taken from 2 to 5 min to measure PV. Visits were scheduled around menstrual cycle day 2. Retinol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, riboflavin, alpha-tocopherol, zinc, copper, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, iron, and ferritin concentrations were measured in serum. Total circulating micronutrient biomarker mass was calculated from PV and concentration.

Results
The mean PV was 2067 ± 470 mL. PV correlated positively with concentration of iron (r = 0.87, P = 0.005); other correlations were weaker with p > 0.05. PV and total mass of retinol (r = 0.90), 25(OH)D (r = 0.75), zinc (r = 0.88), copper (r = 0.83), magnesium (r = 0.93), manganese (r = 0.72), and iron (r = 0.92) were strongly correlated (all p < 0.05). PV was positively correlated with circulating micronutrient mass for most biomarkers, implying that concentrations are maintained at different volumes of plasma. Larger studies are needed to further examine these relationships.

Conclusion
Though there appear to be some association between micronutrient biomarker mass and plasma volume, we are unable to draw a firm conclusion about any relationship from these results because of the small sample size. We consider these findings as a preliminary analysis to establish methods for future studies.
Progress and Roadmap for Intelligent Self‐Healing Materials in Autonomous Robotics
Authors: Tan Yu Jun , Susanto Glenys Jocelin , Anwar Ali Hashina Parveen , Tee Benjamin C. K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRobots are increasingly assisting humans in performing various tasks. Like special agents with elite skills, they can venture to distant locations and adverse environments, such as the deep sea and outer space. Micro/nanobots can also act as intrabody agents for healthcare applications. Self‐healing materials that can autonomously perform repair functions are useful to address the unpredictability of the environment and the increasing drive toward the autonomous operation. Having self‐healable robotic materials can potentially reduce costs, electronic wastes, and improve a robot endowed with such materials longevity. This review aims to serve as a roadmap driven by past advances and inspire future cross‐disciplinary research in robotic materials and electronics. By first charting the history of self‐healing materials, new avenues are provided to classify the various self‐healing materials proposed over several decades. The materials and strategies for self‐healing in robotics and stretchable electronics are also reviewed and discussed. It is believed that this article encourages further innovation in this exciting and emerging branch in robotics interfacing with material science and electronics.
Mapping of Texture and Phase Fractions in Heterogeneous Stress States during Multiaxial Loading of Biomedical Superelastic NiTi
Authors: Nicholson Douglas E. , Padula Santo A. , Benafan Othmane , Bunn Jeffrey R. , Payzant E. Andrew , An Ke , Penumadu Dayakar , Vaidyanathan Raj 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThermoelastic deformation mechanisms in polycrystalline biomedical‐grade superelastic NiTi are spatially mapped using in situ neutron diffraction during multiaxial loading and heating. The trigonal R‐phase is formed from the cubic phase during cooling to room temperature and subsequently deforms in compression, tension, and torsion. The resulting R‐phase variant microstructure from the variant reorientation and detwinning processes are equivalent for the corresponding strain in tension and compression, and the variant microstructure is reversible by isothermal loading. The R‐phase variant microstructure is consistent between uniaxial and torsional loading when the principal stress directions of the stress state are considered (for the crystallographic directions observed here). The variant microstructure evolution is tracked and the similarity in general behavior between uniaxial and torsional loading, in spite of the implicit heterogeneous stress state associated with torsional loading, pointed to the ability of the reversible thermoelastic transformation in NiTi to accommodate stress and strain mismatch with deformation. This ability of the R‐phase, despite its limited variants, to accommodate stress and strain and satisfy strain incompatibility in addition to the existing internal stresses has significance for reducing irrecoverable deformation mechanisms during loading and cycling through the phase transformation.
Zwitterion‐Initiated Hydroboration of Alkynes and Styrene
Authors: Bismuto Alessandro , Cowley Michael J. , Thomas Stephen P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe hydroboration of alkynes and styrene with HBpin has been developed using tris(pentaflurophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3) as the initiator of catalysis. The hydroboration is proposed to be initiated by Lewis acid activation of the alkyne by (B(C6F5)3) to form a highly reactive zwitterionic species which subsequently react with HBpin to give the alkenyl boronic ester. This zwitterion has also showed potential to be a competent catalyst for the hydroboration of styrene. The zwitterionic intermediate is analogous to that proposed in the Piers borane‐catalysed hydroboration and 1,1‐carboboration of alkynes with B(C6F5)3.magnified image
The function of the inner witness in interrupting screening mechanisms of perpetrators' language
Authors: Amir Dana , HaCohen Nehama 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes testimonies taken from Israeli soldiers by the organization “Breaking the Silence,” focusing on the interaction between the screening mechanisms of perpetrator's language, which split between the overt reporting of actions and the deep recognition of their meaning—and what we call “the function of the inner witness,” which operates against these mechanisms. Three types of transformation, allowing a move from turning one's back to looking things in the eye, are described by means of three types of confrontation: the confrontation between one perpetrator and another; the confrontation between perpetrator and witness; and the confrontation between perpetrator and victim.
Spontaneous superficial arteriovenous malformation causing pulsatile tinnitus: A case report
Authors: Walters Holt , Drever Sara K. M. , Abdelgalil Alaa , Robson Andrew K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSuperficial arteriovenous fistulae in the absence of other complicating features can be easily treatable with simple surgical excision. In this case, the patient's troublesome symptoms were completely cured with a straightforward procedure.
Neurovascular inflammation in the pathogenesis of brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Krithika S. , Sumi S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) arise as congenital or sporadic focal lesions with a significant risk for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A wide range of interindividual differences is present in the onset, progression, and severity of bAVM. A growing body of gene expression and polymorphism‐based research studies support the involvement of localized inflammation in bAVM disease progression and rupture. In this review article, we analyze the altered responses of neural, vascular, and immune cell types that contribute to the inflammatory process, which exacerbates the pathophysiological progression of vascular dysmorphogenesis in bAVM lesions. The cumulative effect of inflammation in bAVM development is orchestrated by various genetic moderators and inflammatory mediators. We also discuss the potential therapies for the treatment of brain AVM by targeting the inflammatory processes and mediators. Elucidating the precise role of inflammation in the bAVM growth and hemorrhage would open novel avenues for noninvasive and effectual causal therapy that may complement the current therapeutic strategies.
Perinidal Angiogenesis Is a Predictor for Neurovascular Uncoupling in the Periphery of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Task‐Based and Resting‐State fMRI Study
Authors: Li Maogui , Liu Qingyuan , Guo Rui , Yang Shuzhe , Jiang Pengjun , Chen Xin , Wu Jun , Cao Yong , Wang Shuo 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPotential neurovascular uncoupling (NVU) related to perinidal angiogenesis (PA) of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) may cause inappropriate presurgical mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), resulting in overconfident resection and postoperative morbidity.PurposeTo evaluate the potential impact of PA upon fMRI blood oxygen level‐dependent signal in the periphery of AVMs.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty‐one patients with AVMs located in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) undergoing task‐based fMRI (hand motor), and 19 patients with supratentorial AVMs undergoing resting‐state fMRI.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, echo‐planar, time‐of‐flight, and magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo.AssessmentThe presence of PA was determined by three observers (Y.C., J.W., and X.C.) according to digital subtraction angiography and MR angiography. Interhemispheric asymmetry of fMRI activations contralateral to hand movements was evaluated with the interhemispheric ratio of the average t‐value within ipsilesional SM1 to contralesional SM1. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF) were extracted from ring‐shaped perinidal regions and contralateral homologous regions, and the corresponding interhemispheric ratios were calculated. The effect of PA on the interhemispheric asymmetry of motor activations, ReHo, and fALFF was estimated.Statistical TestsPearson analysis, paired and independent t‐test, multiple linear regression, Friedman test, and factorial analysis of variance were used.ResultsMotor activations were significantly reduced in ipsilesional SM1 compared to contralesional SM1 (P < 0.05). The presence of PA was the independent predictor of activation loss in ipsilateral SM1(P < 0.05). Furthermore, perinidal regions exhibited reduced ReHo compared to the homologous regions (P < 0.05). PA was significantly associated with the decline of ReHo and fALFF in perinidal regions (P < 0.05, for both).Data ConclusionThe presence of PA can predict perinidal NVU that may confound the interpretation of both task‐based and resting‐state fMRI, highlighting the importance of alternative approaches of brain functional localization in improving treatment of AVMs.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
Wine quality and berry size: a case study with Tempranillo Tinto progenies
Authors: Manso‐Martínez Cristina , Sáenz‐Navajas María Pilar , Menéndez Cristina M , Hernández María M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSmall berry size is normally associated with quality wine production. However, the contribution of grapevine variety and environment to sensory quality has not been well established. In this study, genotypes from two intra‐specific hybrid populations were categorized by size according to berry diameter and weight: small (< 13.5 mm, <1.5 g), and large (>16 mm, >2 g). Chemical and sensory attributes of wines produced in two consecutive vintages (2017 and 2018) from each size category were characterized. Perceived intrinsic wine quality was judged by 20 wine professionals.RESULTSWines obtained from small berry genotypes consistently displayed higher proportions of phenolic compounds and deeper color and were judged higher in quality regardless of genetic background and vintage. Perceived quality was positively correlated with anthocyanin and phenolic content. Wines presented high sensory variability in both vintages. Small berry size genotypes produced sweeter, fruitier wines with greater astringency; whereas wines from larger berries were perceived as more alcoholic and with lower positive aroma intensities. Berry size influenced color and phenolic compounds more than genotype or environment.CONCLUSIONSmall berry‐size genotypes were related to high quality judgements in both years, thus providing a predictor of wine categories, which could be used to meet different market demands. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry