bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic Cadence Types:
Authors: Caplin William E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the three basic cadence types of tonal music—perfect authentic, imperfect authentic, and half. It defines each type in terms of its harmonic-melodic morphology and formal function. It establishes cadence as a schema consisting of temporally ordered stages, each one of which is associated with a fundamental harmony of the cadential progression. It proposes a novel theory of cadential melody. It surveys the formal functions that a given cadence type typically serves in closing various thematic regions of a movement. The chapter looks at the role meter plays in cadential morphology and considers how various textural contexts affect cadential identification. It concludes by assessing two cadence types traditionally included in most cadential typologies, namely the “contrapuntal cadence” and the “plagal cadence.” It argues that these are not truly cadential within the theoretical framework of this study, but rather can be reconceptualized as forms of prolongational closure.
Introduction
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
According to the symmetry principle, crystals tend to adopt the highest possible symmetry. Deviations from the ideal highest symmetry are often small and are due to the chemical composition, the special properties of the involved atoms, and the physical conditions. Symmetry relationships between crystal structures entail group—subgroup relations between their space groups that are depicted in a Bärnighausen tree, which is headed by an aristotype. Three simple examples are presented using the common terminology of chemists.
Basics of crystallography, part 2
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A crystallographic symmetry operation is compatible with the periodicity of a crystal. That causes that only matrix—column pairs (W,w) with a finite number of matrices W are possible. Rotations, rotorotations and screw rotations are restricted to rotation angles of 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 180°, 240°, and 270°. Crystallographic symmetry operations are expressed by Hermann—Mauguin symbols
Basics of crystallography, part 3
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A point group is a symmetry group without translational symmetry. The symmetry of a molecule and of an ideally shaped crystal corresponds to a point group. It two crystallographic point groups have the same groups of matrices {W1} and {W2}, they belong to the same crystal class. In a primitive lattice all lattice vectors are linear combinations of the basis vectors; a centred lattice also has fractional combinations and an enlarged unit cell. Space-group types are designated by Hermann–Mauguin symbols that express the kind of lattice and the other symmetry operations. A space group is a space-group type with specific lattice parameters. Every space-group type has one general position with the site symmetry 1, and it may have several special positions with higher site symmetries. The 230 space-group types are listed in International Tables for Crystallography, Volume A.
How to handle space groups
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A set of points whose site symmetries are conjugate is a Wyckoff position. It is designated by its multiplicity and a Wyckoff letter. When the setting of the space group is changed, the designation may change. In a crystallographic group—subgroup relation a Wyckoff position of the group is converted in a unique way to one or several Wyckoff positions of the subgroup. A setting of a space group is conventional if it is completely tabulated in International Tables for Crystallography, Volume A. When comparing crystal structures, it is preferable to avoid cell transformations, what often entails the use of non-conventional settings of space groups. Detailed instructions are given on how to handle non-conventional settings.
The group-theoretical presentation of crystal-chemical relationships
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A scheme and instructions are presented of how to set up a Bärnighausen tree of group—subgroup relations between space groups. Starting from an aristotype, each step of the symmetry reductions is noted, with distinction of translationengleiche, klassengleiche and isomorphic subgroups and with the inclusion of basis transformations. The development of the Wyckoff positions of occupied positions is monitored.
Group–subgroup relations as an aid for structure determination
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
When crystal structures of similar compounds are known, group—subgroup relations can help to determine the space group of an unknown structure. This can also help to solve the phase problem of protein structures. The presence of weak superstructure reflections in X-ray diffraction diagrams is an indication of some structural distortion that can be cleared up by a group—subgroup relation. When superstructure reflections have been missed, the derived crystal structure is wrong and the real space group is a subgroup of the assumed space group. Wrong structures result when twinning of crystals has not been recognized; in such cases group—subgroup relations can help to solve the problem.
The Bilbao Crystallographic Server
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Server offers access to databases and computer programs for crystallographic applications, especially related to space groups and their subgroups. Most programs solely accept data in the standard setting of the space groups. With the database of the space groups the data of International Tables of Crystallography, Volumes A, A1, and E can be retrieved. The program MAXSUB yields the space group types of the maximal subgroups and, on request, the space subgroups themselves with the corresponding transformation matrices. Graphs of group—subgroup chains can be plotted with the program SUBGROUPGRAPH. The program WYCKSPLIT shows the splitting of the Wyckoff positions in a group—subgroup relation. It is possible to calculate coordinate transformations and equivalent coordinate sets. The similarity of crystal structures with the same or with different space groups can be evaluated.
Primary teachers’ knowledge for teaching mathematical problem solving
Authors: Piñeiro Juan Luis , Castro-Rodríguez Elena 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Teaching mathematical problem solving calls for knowledge of a series of specific skills. Nonetheless, research on teachers’ role in problem-solving instruction is both scarce and scarcely systematized. This presentation reviews the studies submitted to the Symposium on Elementary Mathematics Teaching (SEMT) over the last 30 years. It focuses on presentations addressing teachers’ knowledge of mathematical problem solving, and identifying the contributions made to the area by SEMT participants. In addition to providing an overview of research on the subject, the review describes the good practices identified in the pre-service training of primary education teachers, as well as their professional development.
Students with special needs: Learning mathematics successfully
Authors: Scherer Petra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, firstly, a short a retrospective view of the early SEMT symposia is given, followed by the focus on the state-of-the-art research represented by the present SEMT symposia. The actual situation shows that, in the meantime, models of integration and inclusive education have developed, and most of the students with special needs learn in regular classrooms. The chapter will also illustrate suitable learning offers for students with special needs that have to fulfil several requirements: on the one hand, the environment has to represent central mathematical principles and should support the development of concepts more than the learning of procedural skills of arithmetic. On the other hand, learning offers have to be suitable for all learners in an inclusive classroom. The chapter ends with some conclusions and perspectives.
Visualization as a tool in teaching: Pre-service teachers’ competencies in visualization
Authors: Milinković Jasmina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Visualization has provoked extensive interest among researchers, along with Bruner’s theory of representations. Visualization is a tool of communication between teachers and pupils. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the role of visualization in education of pre-service elementary school teachers. Specifically, the paper focuses on examining pre-service teachers’ competencies in: visualizing mathematical concepts, posing problems via visual tools, and solving problems using visualization strategies that have been examined in previous studies. The analysis describes previous findings on pre-service teachers’ professional competencies in using visualization in teaching, referring to the findings of 32 studies addressing visualization, which were reported in SEMT proceedings over the period 1991–2019. The chapter then explains, and draw conclusions, on how visualization could effectively help teachers to enrich their teaching strategies. Professional development of teachers’ competencies would enable them in using visualization in various aspects of the teaching process in addition to other teaching strategies.
Resources Matter
Authors: Addison Tony , Roe Alan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The extraction and use of natural resources underpins a global economy that provides high living standards for many as well as the prospect of ending poverty in the developing world. Mining, as well as the oil and gas industries, are vitally important sectors in many developing countries. They provide substantial public revenues as well as much-needed foreign exchange, and livelihoods for many. Yet, the extractive industries are highly controversial. The continued extraction and burning of fossil fuels in energy generation and transport, together with the emissions associated with mining and metals refining, are taking the planet to dangerous levels of emissions. In addition, the extractive industries have a record of damaging nature through both pollution and the destruction of biodiversity. This book explores a central issue of our time: our materials world is simultaneously both part of the problem (especially fossil fuels) and part of its solution (the materials necessary for the technologies required for ‘net zero’). The book discusses how the extractive industries can be leveraged to generate more beneficial impacts in poorer economies and improve livelihoods at local and national levels. A central argument is that the so-called ‘resource curse’ is not inevitable. Much can be done through policy, coordinated government action in partnership with the private sector, and judicious investments to improve the prospects for resource wealth to make a positive contribution to escaping underdevelopment and poverty. Extractive industries have a key role in working with governments to achieve these goals.
Transforming States
Authors: Addison Tony , Roe Alan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses the roles that states, civil society, and international actors can play in tackling the weak governance that sometimes leads to resources being used for private rather than public benefit. It discusses the corruption that bedevils licensing and commodities trading, and oil theft which runs into billions of dollars. Ensuring transparency in revenue flows to the state is vital to better fiscal management, building governmental accountability to citizens, and avoiding state fragility. Initiatives such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) have already achieved much, not least in improving the information base. Although corruption and theft may never be fully eliminated, they can certainly be reduced by building improved technical capacity in domestic regulation, by enhancing civil society’s capacity to cast light on the sector (though dangerous work in authoritarian societies), and by strengthening transparency in supply-chains (in which information technology offers new opportunities).
The Body
Authors: Rutter Tom 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines ways in which ideas about the human body’s structure and processes are deployed in Shakespeare’s writing. It uses All’s Well that Ends Well as an example of a play’s comic development and resolution turning on medical knowledge. It then sets out some medical theories prevalent in Shakespeare’s time, notably humoral theory and Galen’s non-dualistic notion of the relationship between body and soul. It shows how the embodied nature of emotional experience is stressed in Lucrece, before considering the depiction of the humoral body in Henry IV and Othello (where the relationship between the humours and racial difference is also explored). Finally, it links the way Othello problematizes sexual knowledge to the attempts of early modern anatomists to reveal truths about the body through dissection, noting the structural comparability of playhouse and anatomy theatre.
“Small Voices Sing Big Songs”
Authors: Ayyagari Shalini R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines intersections of development, institutionalization, and community-building in North Indian contemporary regional music among the Manganiyar, a community of hereditary musicians living in the Thar Desert of western Rajasthan. The Manganiyar have maintained musical practice within a strict patronage system as their caste and livelihood for centuries. This chapter tracks the interplay between themes of tradition, preservation, and modernity in examining Manganiyar music. The dilemmas posed by the need for economic and social stability once secured by hereditary patrons are profound, yet Manganiyar musicians have been extremely resilient and resourceful in creating new opportunities to sustain music as a profession. In recent decades, Manganiyar musicians have performed nationally and internationally, on renowned concert stages like Carnegie Hall and reality television shows like Indian Idol, and are reshaping their image in their villages through empowered acts of economic, social, and cultural reclamation.
Mundari Performance after the Revolution
Authors: Babiracki Carol M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tribal dance was a potent symbol when it was first presented on stage in the early days of the movement for Jharkhand statehood in the 1980s and 1990s. The area’s Adivasis (lit., “original inhabitants,” indigenous people, tribal people) related deeply to its ideal of a well-integrated, collectively oriented, but dynamically pluralistic village society. The phrase “Naci se Baci” (“Saved by Dance”) summed up the hopes of the movement’s cultural leaders. However, the real revolutionary changes came after statehood was granted in 2000. Tribal dance is still going strong, but as a stage art that takes young village performers to cities all over India. Stage dance substitutes a prescribed, choreographed script that reflects a new, different set of values: standardization and predictability rather than spontaneity; patriarchy rather than gender balance; hierarchical decision-making rather than collective; attention directed outside the dancing circle rather than inside; uniformity rather than individuality; and perfection rather than joy.
“All the Parts of Who I Am”
Authors: Morelli Sarah L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Kathak, a globally recognized dance from northern regions of South Asia, involves storytelling in which one dancer may enact myriad roles, male and female, demon and divine. Regardless of one’s own sex and gender identification, performances of multiple, different, and specifically gendered characters help develop a more gender-inclusive sense of self considered healthy and beneficial. However, some characters challenge this overarching narrative of health more than others. This chapter focuses on the Leela Dance Collective—a US-based kathak artist collective of Indian, Indian American, and non-Indian dancers, including this chapter’s author—to examine dancers’ experiences in playing some of the more challenging roles from the Hindu epic Ramayana. In particular, the process of physically embodying a character, combined with examining the character’s motivations, helps the dancer generate an empathetic connection crucial to create compelling art.
Performing Youthful Desires
Authors: Kheshgi Rehanna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the northeastern Indian state of Assam, young performers move between ritual contexts in village courtyards and competitive arenas on proscenium stages, performing music and dance associated with the springtime Bihu festival, which commemorates the New Year. Bihu festival songs narrate romantic encounters between women and men, evoking metaphorical parallels in the natural world such as the intoxicating smell of newly blossoming flowers and the mesmerizing light of the moon. This chapter demonstrates how Bihu’s melodic, rhythmic, lyrical, and movement-oriented structures work together to encode values associated with heteronormative masculinity and femininity. Although the expression of romantic desire in Bihu performance challenges the boundaries of respectability associated with folklorization in an Assamese context, the directors of “Panchasur” have addressed this tension by adopting a narrative from the medieval past to demonstrate Bihu’s potential to facilitate the transgression of social norms related to class while upholding values associated with normative femininity and masculinity.
Love, Politics, and Life between Village and City in Nepali Lok Dohori
Authors: Stirr Anna Marie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Nepali singer Badri Pangeni’s song “Do You Love Me or Not?” portrays a flirtation between a married, migrant man who has come to the city and a young, urban woman he’s met there, A duet in the commercial folk genre known as lok dohori (“folk duet”), this song explicitly and implicitly addresses ideas of what is “true” and “false” in rapidly changing gender dynamics, senses of belonging, and other issues involved in rural-urban and international migration and its impact on intimate relationships among Nepalis today. This song’s album appeared under a progression of titles from the apparently apolitical, to the socially conscious, to the overtly political. This chapter uses the album, its music videos, and some of its songs as points of entry into the intimate politics of Nepali lives today, as expressed in the world of lok dohori music.
Desi Dance Music
Authors: Bhattacharjya Nilanjana , Rekha DJ 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that (1) desi dance music is produced in South Asia and in multiple locations throughout the world, from which it travels in different directions through transnational networks; (2) the various national identities and roles of musicians as producers, guest artists, and/or music directors further complicate how these songs travel through transnational networks of production; (3) how these songs define and express a desi identity through their sound elements may at times relate less to South Asia itself, and much more to how people of South Asian heritage distinguish their own identities from those of other people where they live; and (4) desi dance music often reaches its listeners through film music. In drawing from multiple genres and styles, desi dance music is a creative expression that flows against an essential sense of national, regional, or diasporic identity.
Client Assessment and the Development of PICO Questions
Authors: Garcia Antonio R. , Corcoran Jacqueline 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Before delving into the first step of the evidence-based practice (EBP) process, students need to gain the skills to conduct evidence-informed ecologically driven assessments. Students often struggle with step one of the EBP process because they do not know their target population or have not assessed the needs of the population with whom they are working. To that end, Chapter 2 provides (1) a review of biopsychosocial assessment, with attention to addressing context, place, and culture; (2) examples of questions to ask clients to gather thorough biopsychosocial data; and (3) strategies and case examples on how to gather, summarize, and rely on data to develop well-formed practice-based research questions.
Institutional Responses
Authors: Krivulskaya Suzanna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
By the early twentieth century, Protestant institutions understood that their reputations were severely compromised by scandal. They also became concerned with a new problem in their ministerial ranks: rumors of homosexuality. In response to the ongoing crisis, seminaries and churches implemented better screening procedures for prospective ministers, attempted to befriend local reporters in order to minimize sensational accounts about their denominations, and developed internal systems of silencing that hinged on top-level secrecy. When these strategies failed, these organizations learned to quickly distance themselves from the figures of fallen pastors, especially if these ministers happened to be accused of same-sex deviance. An elaborate system of silencing would protect institutional reputations where internal control could not.
Vanishing Acts
Authors: Krivulskaya Suzanna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The 1926 disappearance of the biggest celebrity preacher of her age, Aimee Semple McPherson, became a case study in the legitimacy of charismatic female religious authority. A divorcée rumored to be suspiciously intimate with her married radio operator, McPherson went missing for over a month, as speculations about an affair filled newspaper pages. McPherson’s fundamentalist critics, armed with sensationalist reportage of secular newspapers, used the scandal to discredit the evangelist. Meanwhile, a new generation of journalists in the so-called intellectual press, criticized the old guard’s bad faith attempts to besmirch the minister. The saga contributed to the fractures in the fragile alliances that Protestants attempted to forge with the press and further divided the journalistic profession.
Dmitry Shostakovich and Music for Stalinist Cinema (1936-1953)
Authors: Titus Joan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dmitry Shostakovich was the first Russian musician to emerge as a composer for the Soviet cinema in the late 1920s. The Early Film Music of Dmitry Shostakovich (OUP, 2016), the first of a trilogy on Shostakovich’s music for cinema, provides a discussion of his first experiments in film scoring from 1928 to 1936. From 1936 to 1953, he grew into his role as film composer during the height of Stalinism. This book, the second of the trilogy, continues the work of the first by providing an examination of his emergence as a preeminent film composer, and his navigation of the Soviet film industry amid the cultural politics of late Stalinism. Based on archival materials and contemporaneous press, Joan Titus interpolates musical analysis of eighteen scores with contemporaneous reception as part of a sociocultural history of his late Stalinist film scoring. The author frames this discussion using the concepts of the mainstream and middlebrow to highlight the complex role of Shostakovich’s film music within Soviet arts culture. His experience with diverse filmmakers, genres, and styles allowed him the opportunity to experiment with film scoring and musical meaning, which revealed his heterogeneous and thorough knowledge of musical styles, and integration of classical and popular musical trends. This unusual and varied experience makes him an excellent case study for examining the development of the film composer within Soviet film industry during late Stalinism, and situates his scoring within an emerging global film music history.