bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Intelligence and Academic Achievement, A Comparative Analysis of Elementary Schools
Authors: Malhotra Sunita 
Published: April 2020

Intelligence and achievement are two different, but interrelated, constructs (Kaya, Juntune, & Stough, 2015). They have been studied for over a century in an attempt to explain differences in educational and life outcomes. School achievement may be considered a resultant of the total growth pattern of the child. Growth in interest and in attitudes towards learning is as important as growth in knowledge. Learning methods of solving problems is fully as valuable as the facts gained or improvements made in school or community in the process. The present research focuses on the primary school children’s academic achievement and Intelligence level. The sample for the present study consisted of 150 students from different types of schools such as of NGO’s based school, Government school and Private primary schools of the different regions of India. The Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices was used for measuring the IQ level of the students and for measuring the Academic Achievement, Achievement Test Battery of Singh (ATB-SR), 2008 which consists of test Hindi, English, Mathematics, Science and Social Science. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the achievement scores of Hindi, English, Mathematics, Science and Social Science of the NGO’s based school, government and private school students. Important implications for educational practices may derive from these findings since they can provide valuable information to design instructional actions and programs that can improve student achievement and satisfaction.
Silymarin Component 2,3-dehydrosilybin Attenuates Cardiomyocyte Damage Following Hypoxia/Reoxygenation by Limiting Oxidative Stress
Authors: GABRIELOVÁ E. , KŘEN V. , JABŮREK M. , MODRIANSKÝ M. 
Published: April 2020

Ischemic postconditioning and remote conditioning are potentially useful tools for protecting ischemic myocardium. This study tested the hypothesis that 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHS), a flavonolignan component of Silybum marianum, could attenuate cardiomyocyte damage following hypoxia/reoxygenation by decreasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). After 5-6 days of cell culture in normoxic conditions the rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were divided into four groups. Control group (9 h at normoxic conditions), hypoxia/reoxygenation group (3 h at 1 % O2, 94 % N2 and 5 % CO2 followed by 10 min of 10 µmol·l-1 DHS and 6 h of reoxygenation in normoxia) and postconditioning group (3 h of hypoxia, three cycles of 5 min reoxygenation and 5 min hypoxia followed by 6 h of normoxia). Cell viability assessed by propidium iodide staining was decreased after DHS treatment consistent with increased levels of lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) after reoxygenation. LDH leakage was significantly reduced when cardiomyocytes in the H/Re group were exposed to DHS. DHS treatment reduced H2O2 production and also decreased the generation of ROS in the H/Re group as evidenced by a fluorescence indicator. DHS treatment reduces reoxygenation-induced injury in cardiomyocytes by attenuation of ROS generation, H2O2 and protein carbonyls levels. In addition, we found that both the postconditioning protocol and the DHS treatment are associated with restored ratio of phosphorylated/total protein kinase C epsilon, relative to the H/Re group. In conclusion, our data support the protective role of DHS in hypoxia/reperfusion injury and indicate that DHS may act as a postconditioning mimic.
L-Malate Enhances the Gene Expression of Carried Proteins and Antioxidant Enzymes in Liver of Aged Rats
Authors: ZENG X. , WU J. , WU Q. , ZHANG J. 
Published: April 2020

Previous studies in our laboratory reported L-malate as a free radical scavenger in aged rats. To investigate the antioxidant mechanism of L-malate in the mitochondria, we analyzed the change in gene expression of two malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS)-related carried proteins (AGC, aspartate/glutamate carrier and OMC, oxoglutarate/malate carrier) in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and three antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px) in the mitochondria. The changes in gene expression of these proteins and enzymes were examined by real-time RT-PCR in the heart and liver of aged rats treated with L-malate. L-malate was orally administered in rats continuously for 30 days using a feeding atraumatic needle. We found that the gene expression of OMC and GSH-Px mRNA in the liver increased by 39 % and 38 %, respectively, in the 0.630 g/kg L-malate treatment group than that in the control group. The expression levels of SOD mRNA in the liver increased by 39 %, 56 %, and 78 % in the 0.105, 0.210, and 0.630 g/kg L-malate treatment groups, respectively. No difference were observed in the expression levels of AGC, OMC, CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px mRNAs in the heart of rats between the L-malate treatment and control groups. These results predicted that L-malate may increase the antioxidant capacity of mitochondria by enhancing the expression of mRNAs involved in the MAS and the antioxidant enzymes.
Pengaruh Gelling Agent terhadap Pembentukan Oleogel Berbasis Canola Oil
Authors: Trirahayu Dhyna Analyes , Santoso Budi 
Published: April 2020

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan hayati tinggi. Salah satu hasil kehutanan yang melimpah di Indonesia adalah pulp. Selain sebagai kertas, pulp juga dapat diolah menjadi produk turunan lain yang memiliki nilai jual lebih tinggi, salah satunya selulosa. Kandungan selulosa dalam pulp cukup tinggi dapat mencapai lebih dari 90%. Dari selulosa ini banyak produk turunan yang dapat dihasilkan dengan nilai ekonomi yang lebih tinggi dan sangat bermanfaat. Turunan selulosa dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai gelling agent salah satunya untuk membentuk oleogel. Oleogel adalah gel di mana fasa cairnya adalah minyak, berbeda dengan hidrogel, yang memiliki fasa cair air. Potensi aplikasi dari oleogel sangat beragam di industri makanan, farmasi, kosmetik, dan petrokimia. Salah satu produk turunan selulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai gelling agent adalah hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan observasi terhadap pembentukan oleogel berbasis minyak canola dengan menggunakan HPMC dan Xanthan Gum (XG) sebagai gelling agents. Pembentukan oleogel dilakukan menggunakan kombinasi HPMC dan XG dengan komposisi yang divariasikan menggunakan metode pengadukan. Oleogel terbaik diperoleh menggunakan kombinasi gelling agent HPMC : XG = 1 : 1 sebanyak 2 gr (2% b/b).
MICRO-MORPHOLOGY STUDY OF POLLEN GRAINS AND CYPSELA OF SEVEN SELECTED SPECIES, BELONG TO ASTERACEAE FAMILY IN AL-JADRIYA CAMPUS
Authors: & Aliwy Sadeq 
Published: April 2020

Seven plants species that belong to Asteraceae (Compositae) family have been investigated micro-morphology with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Plants were collected from University of Baghdad campus during January to May in 2017-2018 and the species are: Calendula persica C. M. May, Carduus pycnocephalus L., Erigeron canadensis L., Lactuca serriola L., Silybum marianum (L.) Garth, Sonchus oleraceus L., Urospermum picroides (L.) Schmidt. The aim of this study was to describing the external morphology of seeds as well as a detailed study of pollen grains morphology. Special emphasis is given to the size, shape, polar and equatorial length, spines length, length and width of ora and colpi, tectum sclupturing, and the ornamentations on pollen surface, Sonchus oleraceus and Lactuca serriola pollen grains have a special exin sculpture, which is lophate and the other species used in this study is non-lophate, and all the pollen grains of the species used in this study are tri-zono- colporate, Calendula persica is only species that it is exin sculpture is echinate with spines length (3.8-4.3 um), and the exin sculpture of the other species is spinulose. Also special importance is given to the size, shape, pappus, beak length, primary and secondary sculpturing, carpopodium, as well as the surface of the seed (Cypsela), Seeds (cypsela) of the species used in this study were significantly different in morphology, The shapes of the 7 species were differed in each species and it showed 7 different shapes: narrowly-oblong, oblong, long-oblong, board-oblong, widely curved-oblong, narrowly-ellipitic, and narrowly-obovated.
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM MINCED MEAT AND STUDIES THE PYOCYANIN EFFECTIVENESS ON PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: Qasim D. A. 
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to collected Minced meat from the local markets in Baghdad governorate during 2018, and examined for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in order to extract and purify pyocyanin and examined it as an antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria in foods. Fifteen isolates were isolated from 50 samples and identified as P. aeruginosa using the API20E system and finally confirmed with PCR using 16SrRNA gene. Four tested media were used for the production of pigment after incubation within 72 h, One strain which given a vigorous pigmentation was chosen and extracted with chloroform and HCl then analyzed with Gas chromatography (GC-Mass) which showed a sharp peak at the time of acquisition of 27.13 minutes at the chromatographic analysis recognized with mass spectrometry as Hemipyocanin (alpha-hydroxy phenazine) which produced molecular ion with intensive peak at 205 m/z. Agar well diffusion technique was applied for estimating the antimicrobial activity of purified (pyocyanin) with variable concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml) which monitored toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria that isolated of minced meat. Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus was the most affected with pyocyanin were followed by Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella sp. at the same level. While Enterobacter sp, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis, and Proteus vulgaris showed intermediate sensitivity, the Pseudomonas fluorescens was shown low sensitivity to pyocyanin.
USING HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM IN THE TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER FOR AGRICULTURE PURPOSES
Authors: & Faisal Rahi 
Published: April 2020

Reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation purpose can reduce high pressure on freshwater resources. A horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF CW) system filled with gravel and planted with Phragmites Australia was used to treat the real wastewater at Al-Rustumia wastewater treatment plant. Some characteristics of wastewater such as biochemical oxygen demand, phosphate and total suspended solids have been monitored from 15 January until 8 July 2018. The results proved that HSSF unit has a good efficacy in the reduction of previous parameters with removal of 84.2, 55.4 and 72.7% while sulphate and total dissolved solids were less removal efficiency with 3.3 and 0.99 % respectively. The measured values of these parameters were within the permissible limits suitable for irrigation purposes.
Effectiveness of The Active Cycle Breathing Technique on The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) in Asthma Patient
Authors: Utama Julvainda Eka Priya 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is a person maximum expiratory airflow measurement. The active cycle breathing technique is a breathing exercise focus on release the abnormal lung secretion by increase the expiration power. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the active cycle breathing technique on the PEFR in asthma patient.
Methods: Design of this study was quasi-experimental with single pre-post test group. Study was conducted in the Kedungkandang Primary Health Care, Malang City, East Java Province, Indonesia. In total 25 asthma patients recruited into a single group. The participant asked to practice the breathing exercise for three times a week and being evaluated after one month. The PEFR was measured by Peak Flow Meter.
Results: The Wilcoxon test showed p grade < 0.05, which means there is a significant effect of the active cycle breathing technique on the PEFR grade. The increase of PEFR grade in asthma patients start to appear at the week third to the end of week fourth. Continuous treatment may increase the PEFR grade, however it was influenced by several factors such as age (years) and educational background.
Conclusion: The active cycle breathing technique increase PEFR in asthma patients. The PEFR expected to be evaluated simultaneously, to assess the stages of improvement for asthma patient.
Çarkıfelek (Passiflora spp L.) türlerinde çoğaltma teknolojisindeki gelişmeler
Authors: Mavi Kazım , Uzunoğlu Fulya 
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Bu derleme
ülkemizde yeni bir bitki türü olarak farklı özellikleri nedeniyle gelişme
göstereceği düşünülen çarkıfelek türlerinin çoğaltma teknikleri konusunda
hazırlanmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Bu derleme ile çarkıfelek
türünün farklı çoğaltma yöntem ve uygulamaları konusunda bilimsel ve teknolojik
gelişmeler dikkate alınarak bilgi verilmiştir.Genel Yorum: Çarkıfelek türlerinde vejetatif
çoğaltma yöntemleri ve generatif çoğaltma yöntemi kendi içerisinde avantaj ve
dezavantajlara sahiptir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Neticede çok zengin bir tür
çeşitliliği olan ve gıda, süs bitkisi ve tıbbi bitki olarak kullanımı olan bu
cinsin, araştırma ve geliştirme faliyetlerine yönelik yeni talepler başarılı
bir şekilde çoğaltılabilmelerine bağlıdır.
Bu derleme ile çarkıfelek çoğaltma teknikleri detaylı olarak
açıklanmıştır.
Spacetime Tomography Using the Event Horizon Telescope
Authors: Tiede Paul , Pu Hung-Yi , Broderick Avery E. , Gold Roman , Karami Mansour , Preciado-López Jorge A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We have now entered a new era of high-resolution imaging astronomy with the beginning of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). The EHT can resolve the dynamics of matter in the immediate vicinity around black holes at and below the horizon scale. One of the candidate black holes, Sagittarius A*, flares 1–4 times a day depending on the wavelength. A possible interpretation of these flares could be hotspots generated through magnetic-reconnection events in the accretion flow. In this paper, we construct a semi-analytical model for hotspots that includes the effects of shearing as a spot moves along the accretion flow. We then explore the ability of the EHT to recover these hotspots. Even including significant systematic uncertainties, such as thermal noise, diffractive scattering, and background emission due to an accretion disk, we were able to recover the hotspots and spacetime structure to sub-percent precision. Moreover, by observing multiple flaring events we show how the EHT could be used to tomographically map spacetime. This provides new avenues for testing relativistic fluid dynamics and general relativity near the event horizon of supermassive black holes.
Unified Simulations of Planetary Formation and Atmospheric Evolution: Effects of Pebble Accretion, Giant Impacts, and Stellar Irradiation on Super-Earth Formation
Authors: Ogihara Masahiro , Hori Yasunori 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A substantial number of super-Earths have been discovered, and atmospheres of transiting super-Earths have also been observed by transmission spectroscopy. Several lines of observational evidence indicate that most super-Earths do not possess massive H2/He atmospheres. However, accretion and retention of less massive atmospheres on super-Earths challenge planet formation theory. We consider the following three mechanisms: (i) envelope heating by pebble accretion, (ii) mass loss during giant impacts, and (iii) atmospheric loss by stellar X-ray and EUV photoevaporation. We investigate whether these mechanisms influence the amount of the atmospheres that form around super-Earths. We develop a code combining an N-body simulation of pebble-driven planetary formation and an atmospheric evolution simulation. We demonstrate that the observed orbital properties of super-Earths are well reproduced by the results of our simulations. However, (i) heating by pebble accretion ceases prior to disk dispersal, (ii) the frequency of giant impact events is too low to sculpt massive atmospheres, and (iii) many super-Earths having H2/He atmospheres of ≳10 wt% survive against stellar irradiation for 1 Gyr. Therefore, it is likely that other mechanisms, such as suppression of gas accretion, are required to explain less massive atmospheres (≲10 wt%) of super-Earths.
Het fideicommis, (meer) temporele problemen bij de benoeming van verwachters en de toepassing van de vruchtgebruikbepalingen
Authors: Brinkman R.E. 
Published: April 2020

Het fideicommis, (meer) temporele problemen bij de benoeming van verwachters en de toepassing van de vruchtgebruikbepalingen
In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op temporele problemen die kunnen ontstaan bij (de formulering van) plaatsvervullingsclausules voor verwachters, naar aanleiding van een recent vonnis van de rechtbank Noord-Nederland. De vraag rijst namelijk ‘wie’ verwachters zijn als de benoeming tot verwachters ‘temporeel’ is geformuleerd. Anders dan de rechtbank betoogt, wordt hier beargumenteerd dat er bij een fideicommis (op één uitzondering na) hangende de voorwaarde altijd (primaire en soms subsidiaire) verwachters aanwezig zijn, die bevoegdheden moeten kunnen uitoefenen en jegens wie de bezwaarde zijn verplichtingen moet kunnen vervullen.
Canadian Guidelines on Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonist Use Disorder Among Older Adults
Authors: Conn David K. , Hogan David B. , Amdam Lori , Cassidy Keri-Leigh , Cordell Peter , Frank Christopher , Gardner David , Goldhar Morris , Ho Joanne M-W , Kitamura Christopher , Vasil Nancy 
Published: April 2020

Background
Benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BZRA) use disorder among older adults is a relatively common and challenging clinical condition.
Method
The Canadian Coalition for Seniors’ Mental Health, with financial support from Health Canada, has produced evidencebased guidelines on the prevention, identification, assessment, and management of this form of substance use disorder.
Results
Inappropriate use of BZRAs should be avoided by considering non-pharmacological approaches to the management of late life insomnia, anxiety, and other common indications for the use of BZRA. Older persons should only be prescribed BZRAs after they are fully informed of alternatives, benefits, and risks associated with their use. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for the presence of BZRA use disorders. The full version of these guidelines can be accessed at www.ccsmh.ca
Conclusions
A person-centred, stepped care approach utilizing gradual dose reductions should be used in the management of BZRA use disorder.
Fly Ash as a Cementitious Material for Concrete
Authors: Bouaissi Aissa , Yuan Li Long , Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd , Ahmad Romisuhani , Abdul Razak Rafiza , Yahya Zarina 
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a review on fly ash as prime materials used for geopolymer. Due to its advantages of abundant resources, less in cost, great workability and high physical properties, fly ash leads to achieving high mechanical properties. Fly ash is considered as one of the largest generated industrial solid wastes or so-called industrial by-products, around the world particularly in China, India, and USA. The characteristics of fly ash allow it to be a geotechnical material to produce geopolymer cement or concrete as an alternative of ordinary Portland cement. Many efforts are made in this direction to formulate a suitable mix design of fly ash-based geopolymer by focusing on fly ash as the main prime material. The physical properties, chemical compositions, and chemical activation of fly ash are analyzed and evaluated in this review paper. Reference has been made to different ASTM, ACI standards, and other researches work in geopolymer area.
Blue carbon of Mexico, carbon stocks and fluxes: a systematic review
Authors: Herrera-Silveira Jorge A. , Pech-Cardenas Monica A. , Morales-Ojeda Sara M. , Cinco-Castro Siuling , Camacho-Rico Andrea , Caamal Sosa Juan P. , Mendoza-Martinez Juan E. , Pech-Poot Eunice Y. , Montero Jorge , Teutli-Hernandez Claudia 
Published: April 2020

Mexico has more than 750,000 ha of mangroves and more than 400,000 ha of seagrasses. However, approximately 200,000 ha of mangroves and an unknown area of seagrass have been lost due to coastal development associated with urban, industrial and tourist purposes. In 2018, the approved reforms to the General Law on Climate Change (LGCC) aligned the Mexican law with the international objectives established in the 2nd Article of the Paris Agreement. This action proves Mexico’s commitment to contributing to the global target of stabilizing the greenhouse gas emissions concentration in the planet. Thus, restoring and conserving mangrove and seagrass habitats could contribute to fulfilling this commitment. Therefore, as a first step in establishing a mitigation and adaptation plan against climate change with respect to conservation and restoration actions of these ecosystems, we evaluated Mexican blue carbon ecosystems through a systematic review of the carbon stock using the standardized method of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We used the data from 126 eligible studies for both ecosystems (n = 1220). The results indicated that information is missing at the regional level. However, the average above and below ground organic carbon stocks from mangroves in Mexico is 113.6 ± 5.5 (95% CI [99.3–118.4]) Mg Corg ha−1 and 385.1 ± 22 (95% CI [344.5–431.9]) Mg Corg ha−1, respectively. The variability in the Corg stocks for both blue carbon ecosystems in Mexico is related to variations in climate, hydrology and geomorphology observed along the country’s coasts in addition to the size and number of plots evaluated with respect to the spatial cover. The highest values for mangroves were related to humid climate conditions, although in the case of seagrasses, they were related to low levels of hydrodynamic stress. Based on the official extent of mangrove and seagrass area in Mexico, we estimate a total carbon stock of 237.7 Tg Corg from mangroves and 48.1 Tg Corg from seagrasses. However, mangroves and seagrasses are still being lost due to land use change despite Mexican laws meant to incorporate environmental compensation. Such losses are largely due to loopholes in the legal framework that dilute the laws’ effectiveness and thus ability to protect the ecosystem. The estimated emissions from land use change under a conservative approach in mangroves of Mexico were approximately 24 Tg CO2e in the last 20 years. Therefore, the incorporation of blue carbon into the carbon market as a viable source of supplemental finance for mangrove and seagrass protection is an attractive win-win opportunity.