bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic Health Record and Parenteral Nutrition Functionality: A Gap Analysis
Authors: Ayers Phil , Foster Jillian , Kanorwala Anees , Jenkins Anastasia , Raymer Kelsey , Byrd Laine , Crumby Trey 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParenteral nutrition (PN) is a complex, high‐alert medication that contains up to 40 different ingredients. Surveys have shown that current electronic health record (EHR) systems may lack functionality for safe and optimal delivery of PN. A gap analysis was performed by a multihospital system to identify opportunities to enhance the current PN process using the EHR utilized by the organization.
Association of Changes in Physical Activity and Incidence and Remission of Overall and Abdominal Obesity in 113,950 Adults
Authors: Martinez‐Gomez David , Hamer Mark , Ortega Francisco B. , Cabanas‐Sanchez Verónica , Sadarangani Kabir P. , Lavie Carl J. , Rodríguez‐Artalejo Fernando 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThis study examined the dose‐response relationship between changes in physical activity (PA) and subsequent incidence or remission of overall and abdominal obesity.MethodsA total of 113,950 healthy individuals aged ≥ 18 years participating in the Taiwan MJ Cohort were included. Two‐year changes in PA between the first and second examination were linked to subsequent development and remission of overall and abdominal obesity.ResultsDuring a mean 5.6‐year follow‐up after the second examination, 9,991 and 11,488 individuals developed overall and abdominal obesity, respectively; also, 3,588 and 3,156 participants with obesity lost sufficient weight or reduced their waist circumference to be classified as nonobese. Compared with no changes in PA, the multivariable hazard ratio (95% CI) of overall obesity was 0.95 (0.90‐1.00) for a PA increase of 0.01 to 3.74 metabolic equivalent hours (MET‐h) per week and 0.86 (0.80‐0.91) for a PA increase of ≥ 3.75 MET‐h per week. Corresponding values for remission of obesity were 1.00 (0.91‐1.09) and 1.16 (1.05‐1.28). Similar results were observed for the development and remission of abdominal obesity. Any decrease in PA was not associated with the risk of obesity outcomes when compared with a stable pattern (0 MET‐h/week).ConclusionsIncreasing PA was consistently associated with a progressively lower incidence and higher remission of overall and abdominal obesity.
Reactions of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole[4,5‐a]piridinium Salts with Alcohols: the Synthesis of Alkoxybutadienyl 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles
Authors: Moiola Mattia , Leusciatti Marco , Quadrelli Paolo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract1,2,4‐Oxadiazole[4,5‐a]piridinium salts add alcohols and alkoxides to undergo electrocyclic ring opening affording alkoxybutadienyl 1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives. The pyridinium salts represent a special class of Zincke salts that are prone to rearrange to give alkoxybutadienyl 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles when treated with suitable nucleophiles or, alternatively, to give pyridones in the presence of bicarbonate. The pivotal tuning of the experimental conditions leads to a straightforward synthesis of valuable 1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives. The mechanism is also discussed in the light of previous observations.
Maternal genetic disorders and fetal development
Authors: Mardy Anne H. , Chetty Shilpa P. , Norton Mary E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith improvements in early diagnosis and management of genetic diseases, more women with genetic disorders are reaching reproductive age and becoming pregnant. While pregnancy can have a significant impact on a woman's health when there is an underlying genetic disorder, there can also be fetal effects, including embryopathy, fetal growth restriction, and brain injury. Some maternal genetic disorders are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, including a high risk of perinatal loss and preterm birth. In this article, we review several maternal genetic disorders associated with fetal risk that are important for clinicians and patients to understand and manage appropriately. These include phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency and other inborn errors of metabolism, tuberous sclerosis complex, myotonic dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, Turner syndrome, sickle cell disease, and connective tissue disorders.
Dual Stimuli‐Responsive Self‐Assembly Behavior of a Tailor‐Made ABC‐Type Amphiphilic Tri‐Block Copolymer
Authors: Pal Sanjay , Kather Michael , Banerjee Sovan Lal , Saha Pabitra , Pich Andrij , Singha Nikhil K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis investigation describes the synthesis of a dual stimuli‐responsive, amphiphilic ABC tri‐block copolymer (BCP) based on the functional monomers via RAFT polymerization. In this case, ABC‐type BCP was prepared based on N‐isopropylacrylamide, n‐butyl acrylate, and 4‐vinylpyridine in DMF solvent using cyanomethyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate as the RAFT agent and azobisisobutyronitrile as a thermal initiator in a subsequent macro‐RAFT approach, respectively. The BCPs were characterized by SEC, 1H‐NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and DSC analyses. Temperature and pH‐dependent properties of the smart BCP micelles in aqueous medium were investigated using dynamic light scattering. Transmission electron microscopic images were taken at cryogenic and dry conditions to study the morphology of molecular assemblies of block copolymers in an aqueous medium. The phase and topographical images were captured by atomic force microscopy to understand the assembly of block copolymers in solvents of different polarities. The morphology of BCP micelles was transformed from flower‐like to spherical in the presence of solvents with different polarities (H2O or CHCl3).
Clinical assessment of emotions in patients with cancer: Diagnostic accuracy compared with two reference standards
Authors: van Linde Myra E. , Braamse Annemarie M. J. , Collette Emma H. , Hoogendoorn Adriaan W. , Snoek Frank J. , Verheul Henk M. W. , Dekker Joost 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has suggested that clinical assessment of emotions in patients with cancer is suboptimal. However, it is a possibility that well‐trained and experienced doctors and nurses do recognize emotions but that they do not evaluate all emotions as necessitating professional mental health care. This implies that the sensitivity of clinical assessment should be tested against the need for professional mental health care as reference standard, instead of emotional distress. We hypothesized that the observed sensitivity of clinical assessment of emotions would be higher when tested against need for professional mental health care as reference standard, compared with emotional distress as reference standard.Patients and MethodsA consecutive series of patients starting with chemotherapy were recruited during their routine clinical care, at a department of medical oncology. Clinical assessment of emotions by medical oncologists and nurses was derived from the patient file. Emotional distress and need for professional mental health care were assessed using the Distress Thermometer and Problem List.ResultsClinical assessment resulted in notes on emotions in 42.2% of the patient files with 36.2% of patients experiencing emotional distress and 10.8% expressing a need for professional mental health care (N = 185). As expected, the sensitivity of clinical assessment of emotions was higher with the reference standard “need for professional mental health care” compared with “emotional distress” (P < .001). For specificity, equivalent results were obtained with the two reference standards (P = .63).ConclusionsClinical assessment of emotions in patients with cancer may be more accurate than previously concluded.
Nitrate leaching reduced with Dynamic‐Adaptive nitrogen management under contrasting soils and tillage
Authors: van Es Harold , Ristow Aaron , Nunes Márcio Renato , Schindelbeck Robert , Sela Shai , Davis Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLarge temporal and spatial variability in soil nitrogen availability combined with economic risk avoidance leads many farmers across the United States to generally over‐apply N fertilizers in corn (Zea mays L.) production systems. Various static N rate calculators are promoted in the United States, but new dynamic model‐based decision tools allow for adaptive recommendations that account for specific production environments and weather. This field study quantified N leaching losses from a crossed design involving two tillage practices, plow and no‐till, and two N management tools: (i) the Corn N Calculator (CNC), a generalized static N tool for New York State, and (ii) Adapt‐N, a model‐based tool that uses soil, crop and management information with real‐time weather data. Corn was grown for four growing seasons on lysimeter plots on clay loam and loamy sand soil, and drain water samples were collected on 14 dates. Adapt‐N and CNC showed identical yields despite an overall higher N input of 66 kg ha−1 (46%) for CNC. Concentrations of NO3+NO2 in drainage water varied by sampling date, but overall were impacted by soil type (loamy sand > clay loam) and N tool, with CNC‐associated N losses 58 and 68% higher than Adapt‐N for the clay loam and loamy sand, respectively. Plow till resulted in marginally higher NO3+NO2 concentrations in drainage water than no‐till. Overall, this study offers field‐based evidence on the agronomic and environmental benefits from N management that is adapted to growing environments (soil, management, weather).
Influence of environmental conditions on extracellular and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes in manure‐amended soil: A microcosm study
Authors: McKinney Chad W. , Dungan Robert S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to modify the protocol of a commercial DNA extraction kit to sequentially extract extracellular DNA (eDNA) and intracellular DNA (iDNA) from the same soil sample and to determine the effects of temperature (5, 20, and 35 °C), water holding capacity (25, 50, and 75% of maximum water holding capacity), and freeze‐thaw (−20/20 °C) on the abundance of two antibiotic resistance genes [sul1 and tet(M)], a class 1 integron‐integrase gene (intI1), and a 16S rRNA gene in soils treated with dairy manure. To assess the efficiency of the eDNA/iDNA method, we performed spiking and recovery experiments with a gene that codes for a green fluorescent protein (gfp). When soils were spiked with a whole‐cell preparation of gfp‐containing Escherichia coli, the recovery of the gfp gene was on average 0.2 and 1.2% for eDNA and iDNA, respectively. Soils were also spiked with the gfp gene itself, which showed that nearly 80% of the DNA could not be recovered. Results from the microcosm experiments indicate that extracellular and intracellular sul1, tet(X), intI1, and 16S rRNA genes are resilient and not readily affected by changes in soil moisture and temperature. The intracellular gene levels decreased only slightly during the 56‐d incubation period, whereas the extracellular gene levels decreased dramatically by Day 7 and leveled off thereafter. Absolute gene abundances were one to two orders of magnitude higher in iDNA than in eDNA fractions but were similar when normalized to the 16S rRNA gene throughout the incubation period, indicating that enrichment of extracellular and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes did not occur.
Fabrication of BiOCl/ZnO/CN Nanocomposite for Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes
Authors: Zhang Xiaorong , Huo Yuewen , Shakeel Muhammad , Li Baoshan , Wang Lei , Liu Jianjun , Zuo Shengli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe zinc oxide (ZnO) based heterogeneous semiconductors has acknowledged extensive attention but its property was radically repressed because of diminutive visible light photocatalytic activity. Herein, metal‐nonmetal hetero‐structure coupling is adopted to encompass the visible light harvesting capability and endorses the charge separation and transferring efficiency. Graphitic‐carbon‐nitride (CN) and bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) semiconductors were effectively incorporated into the ZnO crystal structure by hydrothermal and calcination treatments. The obtained BiOCl/ZnO/CN nanocomposite has improved visible light capability with efficient separation and low recombination rate of photo generated charges. The synergistic effect of semiconductors coupling endues BiOCl/ZnO/CN with superior photocatalytic activity up to 98.6% for Rhodamine B (RhB) and 93.5% for Methyl Orange (MO) with rate constant (k)=0.2134 min−1 and 0.138 min−1 respectively. Furthermore, BiOCl/ZnO/CN sample has outstanding stability and reusability. Scavengers trapping experiments validate that superoxide and holes are the main active species in the photocatalytic reaction.
RUCY‐XylBINAP Catalyzed and Autoclave Assisted Rapid Enantioselective Synthesis of Benzhydrols
Authors: Dalavai Ramesh , Khan F. Nawaz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAutoclave assisted, RUCY‐XylBINAP catalyzed enantioselective conversion of pro‐chiral biaryl ketones, 12 to chiral benzhydrols, 13 a‐a1 (biphenyl methanol) through asymmetric hydrogenation with great enantiomeric excess (>99%) is reported. The Sodium borohydride (SBH) reduction of, 12 to racemic benzhydrols, 13 b‐h have also been presented. The compounds structures were affirmed by their spectral studies (1H, 13C and mass) and chiral purity was analyzed by utilizing SFC (Supercritical fluid chromatography) technique.
Two‐Photon Detection of Organotin Schiff Base Complexes in Cancer Cells
Authors: Berrones‐Reyes Jessica C. , Muñoz‐Flores Blanca M. , Uscanga‐Palomeque Ashanti Concepción , Santillán Rosa , Del Angel‐Mosqueda Casiano , Nobis David , Cochrane Max A. , Magennis Steven W. , Jiménez‐Pérez Víctor M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe early detection of cancer cells and their visualization before and after surgery are essential for successful pre‐ and post‐operative disease management. Although fluorescence imaging is a sensitive and versatile tool that is finding increasing use in clinical applications, there is a lack of tumour‐targeting fluorophores. We report here a family of fluorescent Schiff base organotin dyes (1: Et2N−L‐SnPh2, 2: Et2N−L‐SnBu2, 3: MeO−L‐SnPh2, 4: MeO−L‐SnBu2, 5: HO−L‐SnPh2, and 6: HO−L‐SnBu2, where L=2‐hydroxybenzylidene‐4‐hydroxybenzhydrazine). In addition to one‐photon‐excited fluorescence, efficient two‐photon excitation was demonstrated in compounds 1–4. Two of the compounds (5 and 6), both with hydroxyl substituents, were capable of selective accumulation in HeLa cells, allowing differentiation from normal cells (periodontal ligament cells). Compounds 1 and 3 showed excellent cancer cell staining (HeLa) using two‐photon bioimaging, which is promising for biomedicine applications.
Application of iPSC to Modelling of Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Calvert Ben A. , Ryan Amy L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRespiratory disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality world-wide with an increasing incidence as the aged population prevails. Many lung diseases are treated for symptomatic relief, with no cure available, indicating a critical need for novel therapeutic strategies. Such advances are hampered by a lack of understanding of how human lung pathologies initiate and progress. Research on human lung disease relies on the isolation of primary cells from explanted lungs or the use of immortalized cells, both are limited in their capacity to represent the genomic and phenotypic variability among the population. In an era where we are progressing toward precision medicine the use of patient specific induced pluripotent cells (iPSC) to generate models, where sufficient primary cells and tissues are scarce, has increased our capacity to understand human lung pathophysiology. Directed differentiation of iPSC toward lung presented the initial challenge to overcome in generating iPSC-derived lung epithelial cells. Since then major advances have been made in defining protocols to specify and isolate specific lung lineages, with the generation of airway spheroids and multi cellular organoids now possible. This technological advance has opened up our capacity for human lung research and prospects for autologous cell therapy. This chapter will focus on the application of iPSC to studying human lung disease.
Feelings of Guilt in the Family: The Case of Divorced Parents
Authors: Kalmijn Matthijs 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGuilt is believed to be a common emotion in personal relationships. Few studies, however, have examined if guilt plays a role in the divorce process. The present chapter uses unique nationally representative survey data which included questions on the extent to which parents have feelings of guilt toward their (young or adult) children (N = 3,203). By comparing married and divorced parents while controlling for an elaborate set of control variables, we describe the effect of divorce on guilt. By testing a series of variables that may moderate the divorce effect, we subsequently try to explain why divorce affects guilt. Our findings show that there are significant effects of divorce on the feelings of guilt that parents have toward their children. These effects are stronger when parents have more traditional attitudes toward family issues, in line with moral explanations of guilt. The effects are also stronger when the relationship between the child and parent is stronger, in line with explanations of guilt in terms of altruism.
Quality of Non-resident Father-Child Relationships: Between “Caring for” and “Caring About”
Authors: Maslauskaitė Aušra , Tereškinas Artūras 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsing the cross-sectional Fathering after Union Dissolution in Lithuania survey data (2016), this chapter analyzes the quality of non-resident father-child relationships after a parental union dissolution. We assess the relationship quality perceived by fathers and focus on both positive elements such as intimacy and approval and negative ones such as conflict and child’s dominance in relationships. The influence of fathers’ resources such as their personal well-being, socio-economic resources, parenting practices and a family situation on relationship quality is also examined in the chapter. Following Smart (J Law Soc 18(4):485–500, 1991) we use the concepts of “caring for” and “caring about” specifically developed to describe the post-divorce father-child relationship quality. We make the hypotheses that fathers’ higher personal, socio-economic resources and involved parenting practices contribute positively to the “caring for” type of relationship, while limited resources contribute to the “caring about” type of relationships. Our findings demonstrate that the father-child relationship quality is associated with personal and parenting resources, while the effect of men’s socio-economic resources is not relevant if child-related characteristics are controlled. We also find the positive association between fathers’ re-partnering and new children and the quality of the relationships (less conflict and more paternal authority) with non-resident children.
Floor Effects or Compensation of Social Origin? The Relation Between Divorce and Children’s School Engagement According to Parents’ Educational Level
Authors: Havermans Nele , Swicegood Gray , Matthijs Koenraad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis chapter uses multi-group structural equation models to investigate how the mediators between divorce and school engagement differ according to parents’ educational level. Previous studies have failed to address which processes underlie this potential moderating role of parents’ educational level and have reported conflicting results. Based on the Leuven Adolescent and Family Study data (N = 7035), our results show that children with lower educated parents are more negatively affected by divorce than children of highly educated parents and that this result cannot be explained by the lower availability of family resources in the group of children with lowly educated parents, whereas family resources are important mediators for children with medium and highly educated parents. Overall, the findings provide more nuanced evidence on how the experience of divorce varies between children of different socioeconomic backgrounds.
Coping Strategies of Migrant Ex-partners. Does Work, Family, or a New Partner Help You Through the Dark Times?
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri , Van den Berg Layla , Thielemans Gert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on financial consequences of a separation for migrant ex-partners. International literature on economic consequences has well documented the gender effects in the consequences of splitting up or the differences between former married and cohabiting couples. Building on these insights, this chapter focuses on the heterogeneity in couples in migration status and origin group. Using data from the Belgian Crossroads Bank of Social Security, we look at financial consequences after a break-up for European and non-European ex-partners with a migrant background. Using latent growth modelling for income trajectories of men and women after divorce, we show that migrant background plays a role to a certain extent. Gender effects were large and significant in all subgroups but contrary to our expectations, economically weaker groups show a more modest financial drawback compared to stronger groups. Coping strategies showed patterns that were expected except for returning to the parental home which had a negative influence on the income trajectory. The (weak) economic position of the parents in some migrant group explains this effect.
Approximating Node-Weighted k-MST on Planar Graphs
Authors: Byrka Jarosław , Lewandowski Mateusz , Spoerhase Joachim 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study the problem of finding a minimum weight connected subgraph spanning at least k vertices on planar, node-weighted graphs. We give a (4 + ε)-approximation algorithm for this problem. We achieve this by utilizing the recent Lagrangian-multiplier preserving (LMP) primal-dual 3-approximation for the node-weighted prize-collecting Steiner tree problem by Byrka et al. (SWAT’16) and adopting an approach by Chudak et al. (Math. Prog. ’04) regarding Lagrangian relaxation for the edge-weighted variant. In particular, we improve the procedure of picking additional vertices (tree merging procedure) given by Sadeghian (2013) by taking a constant number of recursive steps and utilizing the limited guessing procedure of Arora and Karakostas (Math. Prog. ’06). More generally, our approach readily gives a (4/3 ⋅ r + ε)-approximation on any graph class where the algorithm of Byrka et al. for the prize-collecting version gives an r-approximation. We argue that this can be interpreted as a generalization of an analogous result by Könemann et al. (Algorithmica ’11) for partial cover problems. Together with a lower bound construction by Mestre (STACS’08) for partial cover this implies that our bound is essentially best possible among algorithms that utilize an LMP algorithm for the Lagrangian relaxation as a black box. In addition to that, we argue by a more involved lower bound construction that even using the LMP algorithm by Byrka et al. in a non-black-box fashion could not beat the factor 4/3 ⋅ r when the tree merging step relies only on the solutions output by the LMP algorithm.