bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone morphogenetic protein‐2 enhances gonadotropin‐independent follicular development via sphingosine kinase 1
Authors: Ito Masami , Yoshino Osamu , Ono Yosuke , Yamaki‐Ushijima Akemi , Tanaka Tomoko , Shima Tomoko , Orisaka Makoto , Iwase Akira , Nakashima Akitoshi , Saito Shigeru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProblemPre‐ovulatory mature follicles are not readily induced from gonadotropin (Gn)‐independent early follicles in the poor ovarian response (POR) state, characterized by reduced number of retrieved oocytes. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), which is expressed in the ovary, contributes to early folliculogenesis, but its precise underlying mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of BMP‐2 on granulosa cells (GCs) of Gn‐independent early follicles.Method of studySphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) localization, which produces sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P), was examined in human early follicles by immunohistochemistry. SPHK1 mRNA levels were examined in Gn‐independent bovine GCs (bGCs) and human nonluteinized granulosa cell line (HGrC1) cells. Phosphorylated Yes‐associated protein (YAP) expression was evaluated by Western blot, and its localization was evaluated immunocytochemically in bGCs. Verteporfin, a selective YAP inhibitor, was used to explore the influence of YAP on BMP‐2‐induced bGCs proliferation.ResultsThe expression of SPHK1 was observed in human GCs of primary and secondary follicles. BMP‐2 significantly induced SPHK1 mRNA expression in bGCs and HGrC1 cells. Both BMP‐2 and S1P decreased phosphorylated YAP protein levels and induced the nuclear translocation of YAP significantly, thereby increasing the number of bGCs by suppressing the Hippo pathway. This BMP‐2‐induced cell proliferation was completely blocked by verteporfin.ConclusionThis is a first report showing that BMP‐2 up‐regulated SPHK1 mRNA expression in GCs and promoted GCs proliferation through Hippo pathway suppression. Thus, BMP‐2 contributes to Gn‐independent folliculogenesis via SPHK1, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for the POR patients with follicular dysgenesis.
Patterns of arterial involvement and feasibility of revascularization in thromboangiitis obliterans: a tertiary care centre experience
Authors: Dsouza Royson J. , Premkumar Prabhu , Samuel Vimalin , Kota Albert , Agarwal Sunil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundArterial revascularization is seldom considered as a treatment option in thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) due to diffuse segmental involvement of medium‐ and small‐sized extremity vessels. Although typical angiographic features include bilaterally symmetrical involvement of infrapopliteal vessels, larger vessels too can be affected. Similarly, there could be distal target vessels feasible for revascularization. This study was conducted to describe the patterns of arterial involvement in TAO and assess the feasibility of revascularization.MethodsThe study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and research ethics committee of Christian Medical College, Vellore (IRB no: 12034). A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Vascular Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, between January 2009 and December 2018. There were 329 patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria for TAO of whom 83 had an angiogram done. These 83 patients formed the study cohort.ResultsLarge vessel involvement was seen in 56.6% of patients and 79.5% of patients had at least one or more distal target artery feasible for revascularization. The anterior tibial artery and peroneal artery were the most common target vessels that were patent for revascularization. Of the 22 patients who underwent revascularization (16 bypasses and six angioplasties), the patency rate was 64.8% and the limb salvage rate was 80.9% at the end of 6 months.ConclusionThe study shows that one‐third of our patients with TAO have a distal target artery feasible for revascularization. As most of the affected patients are in the economically productive age group, every attempt should be made to salvage the limb with revascularization for which the use of angiography should be more liberal.
From colonization to reconciliation: Increasing the collaborative capacity of public servants
Authors: Lachance Nathalie , Rose Teresa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn call to action 57, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission calls upon federal, provincial and territorial governments to enhance the skills and knowledge of public servants. Leveraging collaboration theory and collaborative capacity, this article delves deeper into the skills, attitudes and knowledge required of public servants who regularly work with First Nations organizations and governments. Using findings from a health care collaboration between First Nations, federal and provincial governments in Alberta with 25 mid‐ to senior‐level leaders, this participatory action research highlights the importance of member capacity to strong collaboration as Canada embarks on the journey from colonization to reconciliation.
Characteristics and frequency distribution of bone defect configurations in peri‐implantitis lesions—A series of 193 cases
Authors: Wehner Christian , Bertl Kristina , Durstberger Gerlinde , Arnhart Christoph , Rausch‐Fan Xiaohui , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge on peri‐implantitis bone defect characteristics and predictors is still limited.PurposeTo describe peri‐implantitis bone defect characteristics and identify possible predictors.MethodsVarious parameters at patient‐ (age, gender, smoking, and supra‐structure), implant‐ (surface, type, connection, platform, and misfit), and site level (region, alveolar ridge position, defect characteristics, neighboring structure) were recorded retrospectively.ResultsAmong 193 implants, the most prevalent defects were class Ic (25.4%), and Id (23.8%); a previously non‐described category “class Id with only one bone wall” was frequently observed (11.9%). Mean intrabony defect depth and width ranged from 4.5 to 6.2 mm and from 2.7 to 2.9 mm, respectively; mean dehiscence extent ranged from 2.8 to 7.0 mm. A total of 37.8% of the defects presented horizontal bone loss and an intrabony component; in 52.7% of the implants, total defect extent was >6 mm. Jaw region, implant position within the alveolar ridge, and implant/abutment misfit showed significant associations either to defect configuration and/or defect extent.Conclusion(a) Most common peri‐implantitis defects exhibited a combination of intrabony component and a buccal/oral dehiscence, while purely circumferential defects were relatively seldom; (b) implants with defects with bone dehiscence were placed more frequently closer to the lateral aspect of the ridge harboring the dehiscence; (c) implants placed in the lower anterior region had the highest risk for more severe peri‐implant bone loss; and (d) peri‐implant bone defects with only a single bone wall appropriate for regenerative procedure were relatively frequent.
Role of specific IgE on staphylococcal enterotoxin B in chronic rhinosinusitis severity
Authors: Chang Suk Won , Park Jeong Jin , Hwang Chi Sang , Nam Jae Sung , Ha Jong‐Gyun , Almarzouq Wasan F. , Kim Chang‐Hoon , Yoon Joo‐Heon , Cho Hyung‐Ju 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance of specific IgE‐staphylococcal enterotoxin B (IgE‐SEB) in CRS (chronic rhinosinusitis).DesignRetrospective analysis of patients who were positive for specific IgE‐staphylococcal enterotoxin B.SettingTertiary rhinology clinic.ParticipantsA total of 965 patients who were tested for specific IgE‐staphylococcal enterotoxin B from December 2016 to December 2017.Main outcome measuresWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 965 patients who were tested for specific IgE‐staphylococcal enterotoxin B from December 2016 to December 2017. Patient demographics, titre‐specific IgE to staphylococcal enterotoxin B levels, MAST, serologic test and medical records were reviewed.ResultsIgE‐SEB (KU/L) was higher in CRS patients than non‐CRS patients (0.13 ± 0.37 vs 0.08 ± 0.22, respectively; P‐value: .044), and the IgE‐SEB (+, ≥0.35) rate was also higher (10.06% vs 4.46%, respectively; P‐value: .030). IgE‐SEB (KU/L) was higher in the CRS group than in the fungal sinusitis group (0.13 ± 0.37 vs 0.03 ± 0.05, respectively; P‐value: <.001), and the IgE‐SEB (+, ≥0.35) rate was also higher (10.06% vs 0%, respectively; P‐value: .015). Between the CRSsNP (chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps) and CRSwNP (chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps) groups, there were no differences in IgE‐SEB (KU/L) or IgE‐SEB (+) rates. IgE‐SEB positivity was not associated with the presence of polyps, concomitant asthma or postoperative recurrence. As the values of IgE‐SEB (KU/L) and the IgE‐SEB (+, >0.1) rate increased, the CRS severity also increased.ConclusionsIgE‐SEB showed a positive correlation with Lund‐Mackay CT severity score, but not with postoperative recurrence or nasal polyps. Further studies are needed to obtain clear evidence that IgE‐SEB can be considered as an independent CRS endotype.
Generation of universal and hypoimmunogenic human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Ye Qingsong , Sung Tzu‐Cheng , Yang Jen‐Ming , Ling Qing‐Dong , He Yan , Higuchi Akon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a need to store very large numbers of conventional human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines for their off‐the‐shelf usage in stem cell therapy. Therefore, it is valuable to generate “universal” or “hypoimmunogenic” hPSCs with gene‐editing technology by knocking out or in immune‐related genes. A few universal or hypoimmunogenic hPSC lines should be enough to store for their off‐the‐shelf usage. Here, we overview and discuss how to prepare universal or hypoimmunogenic hPSCs and their disadvantages. β2‐Microglobulin‐knockout hPSCs did not harbour human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐expressing class I cells but rather activated natural killer (NK) cells. To avoid NK cell and macrophage activities, homozygous hPSCs expressing a single allele of an HLA class I molecule, such as HLA‐C, were developed. Major HLA class I molecules were knocked out, and PD‐L1, HLA‐G and CD47 were knocked in hPSCs using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. These cells escaped activation of not only T cells but also NK cells and macrophages, generating universal hPSCs.
Everyone is normal: Consistent livestock management norms and demographic clusters in Kenya and Zimbabwe
Authors: Perry Laura R. , Moorhouse Tom P. , Sibanda Lovemore , Sompeta Steiner L. , Macdonald David W. , Loveridge Andrew J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman behavior often determines the success of conservation projects, and the emerging discipline of conservation psychology focuses on understanding and influencing this behavior. Social norms (a group's perception of the appropriateness of behaviors) are a key influence on human behavior, and social norms campaigns can often engender population‐wide behavior changes. Human‐predator conflict is a major conservation issue, and one in which human behavior plays a substantial role: high standards of livestock management can considerably lower predation levels. In this paper, we use factor analysis to show that the livestock management normative belief structure of rural livestock owners is highly conserved between populations in Kenya and Zimbabwe. Through cluster analysis, we also show that qualitatively distinct attitudinal groups can be identified, and that some of these groups are common to both regions. Researchers often assume that social landscapes are unique, but we show that this is not the case for livestock management norms. People's attitudes are also generally assumed to be site‐specific, but we found commonalities across different regions, indicating that certain attitude sectors may be present in all livestock‐owning populations. If livestock management norms and attitude groups are indeed highly conserved between regions, it may be possible to develop standardized tools with which to understand the norms that influence livestock management behavior, and identify population sectors for targeted interventions. Often, conservation projects have little in‐house social science expertise, and social studies are avoided despite the benefits they bring. Here, we demonstrate that standardized approaches may be possible, and could aid the implementation—and success—of conservation interventions.
iucn_sim: a new program to simulate future extinctions based on IUCN threat status
Authors: Andermann Tobias , Faurby Søren , Cooke Robert , Silvestro Daniele , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: November 2020

The ongoing environmental crisis poses an urgent need to forecast the who, where and when of future species extinctions, as such information is crucial for targeting conservation efforts. Commonly, such forecasts are made based on conservation status assessments produced by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, when researchers apply these IUCN conservation status data for predicting future extinctions, important information is often omitted, which can impact the accuracy of these predictions.Here we present a new approach and a software for simulating future extinctions based on IUCN conservation status information, which incorporates generation length information of individual species when modeling extinction risks. Additionally, we explicitly model future changes in conservation status for each species, based on status transition rates that we estimate from the IUCN assessment history of the last decades. Finally, we apply a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate extinction rates for each species, based on the simulated future extinctions. These estimates inherently incorporate the chances of conservation status changes and the generation length for each given species and are specific to the simulated time frame.We demonstrate the utility of our approach by estimating future extinction rates for all bird species. Our average extinction rate estimate for the next 100 yr across all birds is 6.98 × 10−4 extinctions per species‐year, and we predict an expected biodiversity loss of between 669 and 738 bird species within that time frame. Further, the rate estimates between species sharing the same IUCN status show larger variation than the rates estimated with alternative approaches, which reflects expected differences in extinction risk among taxa of the same conservation status. Our method demonstrates the utility of applying species‐specific information to the estimation of extinction rates, rather than assuming equal extinction risks for species assigned to the same conservation status.
Angel sharks (Squatinidae): A review of biological knowledge and exploitation
Authors: Ellis Jim R. , Barker Joanna , McCully Phillips Sophy R. , Meyers Eva K. M. , Heupel Michelle 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAngel sharks (Squatinaspp.) are distributed in warm temperate to tropical waters around the world. Many species occur in shelf seas and exhibit seasonal inshore–offshore migrations, moving inshore to give birth. Consequently, there can be high spatial overlap of angel shark populations with fisheries and other human activities. Their dorso‐ventrally flattened body shape, large size (most species attain >100 cm total length,LT) and demersal nature means that they may be taken in a variety of demersal fishing gears from birth. Available data indicate that angel sharks typically have a biennial reproductive cycle, with litter sizes generally <20 and the young born atc. 20–30 cm. The biological characteristics of angel sharks render them susceptible to overexploitation, as exemplified by the decline ofSquatina squatinafrom many parts of its former range in the north‐east Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Currently, half of the 22 recognized extant species of angel shark are classed as Threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (with a further three classified as Data Deficient). Given the biological vulnerability of angel sharks, and that many species are data‐limited, the current paper provides a review of available biological information and fisheries data pertaining to this family.
Gateway to the North? Contingent Journeys at the Mexico‐Guatemala Border
Authors: Galemba Rebecca B. , Dingeman Katie , DeVries Kaelyn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs insecurity in Central America persists and avenues for asylum in the U.S. constrict, migrants are exploring options in Mexico—to seek humanitarian relief or to bide time as they consider whether to continue north, settle, or return. Based on interviews with migrants and shelter staff at the Mexico‐Guatemala border in the summer of 2017, this article applies contingency logics (Bledsoe 2002) to analyze how proximate social ties, accumulated experiences, and harsh ordeals inform how migrants make decisions, change their minds, and re‐envision destinations amid uncertainty. Complicating tensions between mobility/immobility and settlement/transit, we demonstrate how decisions to settle, seek protection, or wait in Mexico may be socially understood as fostering migrants’ larger goals to continue their journeys and pursue their migratory aspirations. However, given Mexico's expanding deportation apparatus and the unpredictability of options in Mexico, such forms of waiting also risk consigning migrants to indeterminate waiting, vulnerability, and entrapment.
Efficacy and safety of homologous autoinoculation in treatment of multiple recalcitrant warts of different types
Authors: Abdelmonaem Nsreen A , Shaheen M.A , Mohsen Mohamed Foad Tamer , El‐Husseiny Rania 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHomologous autoinoculation is a novel minimally invasive procedure that treats warts by stimulating specific immune response.AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of autoinoculation in treatment of multiple recalcitrant warts of different types in relation to patient's age, gender, type, number, size, and duration of warts.Patients and MethodsTwo hundred patients with multiple recalcitrant warts of different types were treated with one autoinoculation session. Each patient was subjected to history taking, general and dermatological examination, and photographic documentation before and after treatment. Patients were followed up after 1 week, 2, 12, and 16 weeks to assess possible side effects, treatment response, and recurrence rate, respectively. Evaluation of treatment response was done through physician assessment according to change in size or number of warts or both.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of procedure, 66% of patients showed complete clearance, 26% showed moderate clearance, and 4% showed mild clearance while only 1.5% of patients showed treatment failure, with negligible side effects and no recurrence. There was negative correlation between treatment response and wart duration (P < .001).ConclusionAutoinoculation is effective in treating multiple recalcitrant warts irrespective of their type, number or size, with minimal complications and no recurrence. The longer wart duration is, the less treatment response will be achieved.
Optimal make–take fees for market making regulation
Authors: Euch Omar El , Mastrolia Thibaut , Rosenbaum Mathieu , Touzi Nizar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe address the mechanism design problem of an exchange setting suitable make– take fees to attract liquidity on its platform. Using a principal–agent approach, we provide the optimal compensation scheme of a market maker in quasi‐explicit form. This contract depends essentially on the market maker inventory trajectory and on the volatility of the asset. We also provide the optimal quotes that should be displayed by the market maker. The simplicity of our formulas allows us to analyze in details the effects of optimal contracting with an exchange, compared to a situation without contract. We show in particular that it improves liquidity and reduces trading costs for investors. We extend our study to an oligopoly of symmetric exchanges and we study the impact of such common agency policy on the system.
A clinical perspective on adipose‐derived cell therapy for enhancing microvascular health and function: Implications and applications for reconstructive surgery
Authors: Jones V. Morgan , Suarez‐Martinez Ariana D. , Hodges Nicholas A. , Murfee Walter L. , Llull Ramon , Katz Adam J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRestoration of form and function requires apposition of tissues in the form of flaps to reconstitute local perfusion. Successful reconstruction relies on flap survival and its integration with the recipient bed. The flap's precariously perfused hypoxic areas undergo adaptive microvascular changes both internally and in connection with the recipient bed. A cell‐mediated, coordinated response to hypoxia drives these adaptive processes, restoring a tissue's normoxic homeostasis via de novo vasculogenesis, sprouting angiogenesis, and stabilizing arterialization. As cells exert prolonged and coordinated effects on site, their use as biological agents merit translational consideration of sourcing angio‐competent cells and delivering them to territories enduring microcirculatory acclimatization. Angio‐competent cells abound in adipose tissue: a reliable, accessible, and expendable source of adipose‐derived cells (ADC). When subject to enzymatic digestion and centrifugation, adipose tissue separates its various ADC: A subset of buoyant oil‐dense adipocytes (the tissue's parenchymal component) accumulates on a supra‐natant layer, whereas the mesenchymal component remains in the infra‐natant sediment, containing the tissue's stromal vascular fraction (SVF), where angio‐component cells abound. The SVF can be further manipulated, selected, or culture expanded into more specific stromal subsets (herein defined as adipose stromal cells, ASC). While promising clinical applications for ADC await clinical proof and regulatory authorization, basic science investigation is needed to elucidate the specific ADC mechanisms that influence microvascular growth, remodeling, and function following flap surgery. The objective of this article is to share the clinical perspectives of reconstructive plastic surgeons regarding the use of ADC‐based therapies to help with flap tissue integration, revascularization, and wound healing. Specifically, the focus will be on considering the potential for ADC as therapeutic agents and how their clinical application motivates basic science opportunities.