bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimization of total harmonic distortions of cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter by utilizing bio inspired AI algorithm
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Haq Inzamam Ul , Ahmad Tanvir , Ali Haider , Qamar Affaq , Basit Abdul , Khan Murad , Iqbal Javed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMinimizing total harmonic distortion (THD) with less system complexity and computation time is a stringent constraint for many power systems. The multilevel inverter can have low THD when switching angles are selected at the fundamental frequency. For low-order harmonic minimization, selective harmonic elimination (SHE) is the most adopted and proficient technique but it involves the non-linear transcendental equations which are very difficult to solve analytically and numerically. This paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization technique to minimize the THD of cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. The GA is the finest approach for solving such complex equations by obtaining optimized switching angles. The switching angles are calculated by the genetic algorithm by solving the nonlinear transcendental equations. This paper has modeled and simulated a five-level inverter in MATLAB Simulink. The THD comparison is carried out between step modulation method and optimization method. The results reveal that THD has been reduced from 17.88 to 16.74% while third and fifth harmonics have been reduced from 3.24%, 3.7% to 0.84% and 3.3%, respectively. The optimization method along with LC filter significantly improves the power quality providing a complete sinusoidal signal for varying load.
Physical activity and exercise for older people living with HIV: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Chetty Levin , Cobbing Saul , Chetty Verusia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Older people living with HIV (OPLWH) are expected to live longer in the era of antiretroviral treatment, but at the same time, they are at risk for developing various health complications as a consequence of a life with the infection, exposure to medications that carry their own toxicity and side effects, and the natural effects of aging on the immune system. Because senescence is an inherent process that can be accelerated by HIV, it is important to identify strategies that can modify this phenomenon. Emerging data suggests that while physical activity and exercise may not have a positive impact on viral replication and on the immune system of people living with HIV, it can elicit improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, body composition, and overall quality of life. The purpose of this study is to map out empirical evidence on the effects of physical activity and exercise in OPLWH.

Methods
The scoping review methods will be guided by the framework proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Literature searches will be conducted in the following electronic databases (from inception onwards): PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed journal papers will be included if they are written in English, involved human participants aged 50 years, and older with HIV and described a measure for physical, mental, or functional status of physical activity/exercise and/or the recommendations in OPLWH. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies will be included in order to consider different aspects of measuring the effects of physical activity and exercise (e.g., quality of life, functional status, activities of daily living). Two reviewers will screen all citations and full-text articles. We will abstract data, organize them into themes and sub-themes, summarize them, and report the results using a narrative synthesis. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using a Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Discussion
The evidence gathered from the selected studies will be discussed in relation to the research questions using a narrative to identify and explore emergent themes. The review will provide a baseline of evidence on exercise and physical activity interventions for OPLWH. It will highlight gaps regarding the use of exercise and physical activity and contribute to the design of an effective intervention approach to the rehabilitation of OPLWH.

Systematic review registration
Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/728kp/).
The CARESSES study protocol: testing and evaluating culturally competent socially assistive robots among older adults residing in long term care homes through a controlled experimental trial
Authors: Papadopoulos Chris , Hill Tetiana , Battistuzzi Linda , Castro Nina , Nigath Abiha , Randhawa Gurch , Merton Len , Kanoria Sanjeev , Kamide Hiroko , Chong Nak-Young , Hewson David , Davidson Rosemary , Sgorbissa Antonio 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
This article describes the design of an intervention study that focuses on whether and to what degree culturally competent social robots can improve health and well-being related outcomes among older adults residing long-term care homes. The trial forms the final stage of the international, multidisciplinary CARESSES project aimed at designing, developing and evaluating culturally competent robots that can assist older people according to the culture of the individual they are supporting. The importance of cultural competence has been demonstrated in previous nursing literature to be key towards improving health outcomes among patients.

Method
This study employed a mixed-method, single-blind, parallel-group controlled before-and-after experimental trial design that took place in England and Japan. It aimed to recruit 45 residents of long-term care homes aged ≥65 years, possess sufficient cognitive and physical health and who self-identify with the English, Indian or Japanese culture (n = 15 each). Participants were allocated to either the experimental group, control group 1 or control group 2 (all n = 15). Those allocated to the experimental group or control group 1 received a Pepper robot programmed with the CARESSES culturally competent artificial intelligence (experimental group) or a limited version of this software (control group 1) for 18 h across 2 weeks. Participants in control group 2 did not receive a robot and continued to receive care as usual. Participants could also nominate their informal carer(s) to participate. Quantitative data collection occurred at baseline, after 1 week of use, and after 2 weeks of use with the latter time-point also including qualitative semi-structured interviews that explored their experience and perceptions further. Quantitative outcomes of interest included perceptions of robotic cultural competence, health-related quality of life, loneliness, user satisfaction, attitudes towards robots and caregiver burden.

Discussion
This trial adds to the current preliminary and limited pool of evidence regarding the benefits of socially assistive robots for older adults which to date indicates considerable potential for improving outcomes. It is the first to assess whether and to what extent cultural competence carries importance in generating improvements to well-being.

Trial registration
Name of the registry: ClinicalTrials.gov
Trial registration number: NCT03756194.
Date of registration: 28 November 2018. URL of trial registry record.
Learning to rank spatio-temporal event hotspots
Authors: Mohler George , Porter Michael , Carter Jeremy , LaFree Gary 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Crime, traffic accidents, terrorist attacks, and other space-time random events are unevenly distributed in space and time. In the case of crime, hotspot and other proactive policing programs aim to focus limited resources at the highest risk crime and social harm hotspots in a city. A crucial step in the implementation of these strategies is the construction of scoring models used to rank spatial hotspots. While these methods are evaluated by area normalized Recall@k (called the predictive accuracy index), models are typically trained via maximum likelihood or rules of thumb that may not prioritize model accuracy in the top k hotspots. Furthermore, current algorithms are defined on fixed grids that fail to capture risk patterns occurring in neighborhoods and on road networks with complex geometries.

Results
We introduce CrimeRank, a learning to rank boosting algorithm for determining a crime hotspot map that directly optimizes the percentage of crime captured by the top ranked hotspots. The method employs a floating grid combined with a greedy hotspot selection algorithm for accurately capturing spatial risk in complex geometries. We illustrate the performance using crime and traffic incident data provided by the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department, IED attacks in Iraq, and data from the 2017 NIJ Real-time crime forecasting challenge.

Conclusion
Our learning to rank strategy was the top performing solution (PAI metric) in the 2017 challenge. We show that CrimeRank achieves even greater gains when the competition rules are relaxed by removing the constraint that grid cells be a regular tessellation.
Dietary supplement for relieving menopausal symptoms in Egyptian perimenopausal women
Authors: El Shebini Salwa Mostafa , Fouad Suzanne , Abdel-Moaty Maha , Ahmed Nihad Hassan , Hussein Ahmed Mohamed Saied , Essa Hend Abass , Tapozada Salwa Tawfic 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundWomen experience various menopausal symptoms during the menopause; these symptoms can affect their quality of life and health. The aim of this study was to help females around this time to relief their symptoms by natural safe product.Subjects and methodsForty-two women participated as volunteers, who are suffering from different symptoms of menopause with mean age 45.36 ± 0.98 years. Full clinical examination, anthropometric parameters, dietary recalls, and Menopause Rating Scale evaluation were recorded. Blood sampling and biochemical analysis was done including important sex hormones. Participants daily consumed 45 g of supplement made from raw unsalted crashed peanut, raw sesame, dry coriander, and dry thyme that were made in the form of blend. Study period lasted for 8 weeks. Chemical composition of the blend was assessed.ResultsAll participants showed marked improvement in psychological, urogenital, and somatic symptoms after intervention.ConclusionData of this study showed that the blend had a beneficial impact on the physical, psychological, and mental health in perimenopausal women. So, functional foods must be considered in controlling different menopausal annoying symptoms; perimenopausal women can use this blend as a safe and effective food supplement.
Under false flag: using technical artifacts for cyber attack attribution
Authors: Skopik Florian , Pahi Timea 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe attribution of cyber attacks is often neglected. The consensus still is that little can be done to prosecute the perpetrators – and unfortunately, this might be right in many cases. What is however only of limited interest for the private industry is in the center of interest for nation states. Investigating if an attack was carried out in the name of a nation state is a crucial task for secret services. Many methods, tools and processes exist for network- and computer forensics that allow the collection of traces and evidences. They are the basis to associate adversarial actions to threat actors. However, a serious problem which has not got the appropriate attention from research yet, are false flag campaigns, cyber attacks which apply covert tactics to deceive or misguide attribution attempts – either to hide traces or to blame others. In this paper we provide an overview of prominent attack techniques along the cyber kill chain. We investigate traces left by attack techniques and which questions in course of the attribution process are answered by investigating these traces. Eventually, we assess how easily traces can be spoofed and rate their relevancy with respect to identifying false flag campaigns.
Outcome of Oncology Patients Infected With Coronavirus
Authors: Jazieh Abdul-Rahman , Alenazi Thamer H. , Alhejazi Ayman , Al Safi Faisal , Al Olayan Ashwaq 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE This study investigated the features of oncology patients with confirmed Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) at the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs-Riyadh during the outbreak of June 2015 to determine the clinical course and outcome of affected patients. METHODS The patients’ demographic information, cancer history, treatment pattern, information about MERS-coronavirus (CoV) infection, history of travel, clinical symptoms, test results, and outcome were collected and analyzed as part of a quality improvement project to improve the care and safety of our patients. Only patients with confirmed infection were included. RESULTS A total of 19 patients were identified, with a median age of 66 years (range, 16-88 years), and 12 patients (63%) were males. The most common underlying disease was hematologic malignancies (47.4%), followed by colorectal cancer (21%) and lung cancer (15.8%). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities (57.9% and 52.6%, respectively). Infection was diagnosed by nasopharyngeal swab in all patients. All patients contracted the infection during their hospitalization for other reasons. Sixteen patients (80%) were admitted to the intensive care unit; 13 patients (81%) had acute respiratory distress syndrome, 11 were intubated (68.75%), 9 had acute renal injury (56.25%), and 3 required dialysis (18.75%). Only 3 patients (15.8%) with early-stage cancers survived. Patients with hematologic malignancies and advanced solid tumors had a 100% case fatality rate. The majority of the causes of death were due to multi-organ failure and septic shock. CONCLUSION MERS-CoV infection resulted in a high case fatality rate in patients with malignancy. Therefore, it is critical to implement effective primary preventive measures to avoid exposure of patients with cancer to the virus.
Diagnostic Value of Anthropometric Measurements for Familial Partial Lipodystrophy, Dunnigan Variety
Authors: Vasandani Chandna , Li Xilong , Sekizkardes Hilal , Adams-Huet Beverley , Brown Rebecca J , Garg Abhimanyu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Context
Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan variety (FPLD2) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder resulting from LMNA causal variants, which is characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat from the extremities and predisposition to metabolic complications. The diagnostic value of various anthropometric measurements for FPLD2 remains unknown.

Objective
To determine specificity and sensitivity of anthropometric measurements for the diagnosis of FPLD2.

Methods
We measured skinfold thickness and regional body fat by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 50 adult females and 6 males with FPLD2 at UT Southwestern and compared their data with the sex- and age-matched controls from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010. We further compared data from 1652 unaffected females from the Dallas Heart Study and 23 females with FPLD2 from the National Institutes of Health with the NHANES data.

Results
The DXA-derived lower limb fat (%) had the best specificity (0.995) and sensitivity (1.0) compared with the upper limb fat, truncal fat, the ratio of lower limb to truncal fat, and triceps skinfold thickness for adult females with FPLD2. The lower limb fat below 1st percentile of NHANES females had a false-positive rate of 0.0054 and a false negative rate of 0. The diagnostic value of anthropometric parameters could not be determined for males with FPLD2 due to small sample size.

Conclusions
The lower limb fat (%) is the best objective anthropometric measure for diagnosing FPLD2 in females. Women with below the 1st percentile lower limb fat should undergo genetic testing for FPLD2, especially if they have metabolic complications.
Fast analysis of scATAC-seq data using a predefined set of genomic regions
Authors: Giansanti Valentina , Tang Ming , Cittaro Davide 
Published: March 2020

Background: Analysis of scATAC-seq data has been recently scaled to thousands of cells. While processing of other types of single cell data was boosted by the implementation of alignment-free techniques, pipelines available to process scATAC-seq data still require large computational resources. We propose here an approach based on pseudoalignment, which reduces the execution times and hardware needs at little cost for precision. Methods: Public data for 10k PBMC were downloaded from 10x Genomics web site. Reads were aligned to various references derived from DNase I Hypersensitive Sites (DHS) using kallisto and quantified with bustools. We compared our results with the ones publicly available derived by cellranger-atac. Results: We found that kallisto does not introduce biases in quantification of known peaks and cells groups are identified in a consistent way. We also found that cell identification is robust when analysis is performed using DHS-derived reference in place of de novo identification of ATAC peaks. Lastly, we found that our approach is suitable for reliable quantification of gene activity based on scATAC-seq signal, thus allows for efficient labelling of cell groups based on marker genes. Conclusions: Analysis of scATAC-seq data by means of kallisto produces results in line with standard pipelines while being considerably faster; using a set of known DHS sites as reference does not affect the ability to characterize the cell populations
Designing an anamorphic illumination system with an RTIR prism for a tilt-and-roll-pixel-type projector
Authors: Chen Yu-Jia , Pan Jui-wen 
Published: March 2020

A relay lens system design for a mini-projector with telecentric illumination is described. The reverse total internal reflection (RTIR) prism for angular magnification and lateral magnification is discussed in detail, and magnifications under different digital micromirror devices (DMD) are compared. The tilt-and-roll pixel (TRP) DMD chip (tilt angle is

±
17

∘

) is the latest spatial light modulator, and the f-number of the illumination system is 1.71. Using the TRP DMD, the lateral magnification and the angular magnification for the RTIR prism can be increased by 3.77% and 8.73% over that obtainable using the conventional DMD chip (tilt angle is

±
12

∘

). In order to solve for the angular magnification of an RTIR prism, the baffle is set at the aperture stop of the relay lens system. There is a trade-off between the efficiency and the contrast ratio with the baffle. When B (the position of the baffle) is at 0.11, the contrast ratio of the illumination system is 7590:1 and the efficiency is 57%. The spot size at the edge and corner of the DMD active area is controlled to be less than 250 µm, and the optical distortion is less than 1%.
Active vibration isolation system based on the LADRC algorithm for atom interferometry
Authors: Zhou Yin , Luo Dongyun , Wu Bin , Cheng Bing , Lin Qiang 
Published: March 2020

A new, to the best of our knowledge, method based on the linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) algorithm is proposed to design and build a vertical vibration isolator below

0.1

H
z

for cold-atom interferometry. This system combines the control system that is used to process and to reduce feedback vibrations measured by a seismometer and a voice coil that is used to cancel the motion of a commercial passive vibration isolation platform. When the feedback is on, the vertical vibration is reduced by an additional factor of up to 1000 from 0.1 to

5

H
z

, while the system has a steady oscillation with a natural period of 66 s. The experimental results show that the LADRC is an effective control algorithm for this application and performs better than the classic lag compensation filters in our case. In addition, there are fewer parameters to adjust in this method, and we only need to tune the feedback gain of the system state error for its application.
The Impact of the Policy-Practice Gap on Costs and Benefits of Barrett's Esophagus Management
Authors: Omidvari Amir-Houshang , Roumans Carlijn A.M. , Naber Steffie K. , Kroep Sonja , Wijnhoven Bas P.L. , Gaast Ate van der , de Jonge Pieter-Jan , Spaander Manon C.W. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Clinical guidelines recommend surveillance of patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). However, the surveillance intervals in practice are shorter than policy recommendations. We aimed to determine how this policy-practice gap affects the costs and benefits of BE surveillance.

METHODS:
We used the Netherlands as an exemplary Western country and simulated a cohort of 60-year-old patients with BE using the Microsimulation Screening Analysis model-esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) microsimulation model. We evaluated surveillance according to the Dutch guideline and more intensive surveillance of patients without dysplastic BE and low-grade dysplasia. For each strategy, we computed the quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained and costs compared with no surveillance. We also performed a budget impact analysis to estimate the increased costs of BE management in the Netherlands for 2017.

RESULTS:
Compared with no surveillance, the Dutch guideline incurred an additional €5.0 ($5.7) million per 1,000 patients with BE for surveillance and treatment, whereas 57 esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cases (>T1a) were prevented. With intensive and very intensive surveillance strategies for both nondysplastic BE and low-grade dysplasia, the net costs increased by another €2.5–5.6 ($2.8–6.5) million while preventing 10–19 more EAC cases and gaining 33–60 more QALYs. On a population level, this amounted to €21–47 ($24–54) million (+32%–70%) higher healthcare costs in 2017.

DISCUSSION:
The policy-practice gap in BE surveillance intervals results in 50%–114% higher net costs for BE management for only 10%–18% increase in QALYs gained, depending on actual intensity of surveillance. Incentives to eliminate this policy-practice gap should be developed to reduce the burden of BE management on patients and healthcare resources.
Eosinophilic Enterocolitis: Gastric Outlet Obstruction
Authors: Kothari Shana , Elkhatib Imad 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Eosinophilic enterocolitis is a rare condition representing the least frequent manifestation of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders. We report a 49-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and intractable vomiting for 2 weeks. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated gastric wall thickening with mural wall thickening of the small intestine and colon. Endoscopy revealed gastric outlet obstruction because of luminal stenosis from duodenal edema. Peripheral eosinophilia, endoscopic mucosal biopsies, and exclusion of differential diagnoses confirmed eosinophilic enterocolitis. The patient was successfully treated with a 4-week prednisone taper.
Behcet's Disease With Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Challenges in Its Management
Authors: Vuyyuru Sudheer K. , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Shalimar  
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Budd-Chiari syndrome may rarely occur as a complication of Behcet's disease, and presentation with thrombosis of both inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins is rarer still. We present a young woman with Behcet's disease who presented with acute Budd-Chiari syndrome, with thrombosis of IVC and all 3 hepatic veins. An IVC stent was placed, followed by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt through the IVC stent. On follow-up, despite oral anticoagulants and oral steroids, she developed recurrent thrombosis twice within a 1-year span. Her symptoms resolved with stent revision and increasing immunosuppression.