bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Supersaturated Oxygen Emulsion for the Topical Treatment of Ocular Trauma
Authors: Pate Kathryn M , Goswami Dinesh G , Lake Mark , Lake Sharon , Kant Rama , Ammar David , Tewari-Singh Neera 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionRoughly 13% of all battlefield injuries include some form of ocular trauma. Ocular tissue preservation is critical for wound healing for warfighters with ocular injuries. Our team hypothesized that oxygen plays a vital role in ocular tissue preservation and wound healing and has developed a supersaturated oxygen emulsion (SOE) for the topical treatment of ocular trauma.Materials and MethodsThe partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) was measured in the SOE. Safety and efficacy studies were carried out in primary human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells, as the outermost layer is the first barrier to chemical and mechanical injury. Western blot, scratch assay, and MTT assays were conducted to determine the effect of the SOE on various molecular markers, the rate of scratch closure, and cellular viability, respectively.ResultsData indicate that the SOE releases oxygen in a time-dependent manner, reaching a partial pressure within the emulsion over four times atmospheric levels. Studies in HCE cells indicate that application of the SOE does not lead to DNA damage, promote cell death, or hinder the rate of scratch closure and enhances cellular viability. Preliminary studies were carried out with chloropicrin (CP; developed as a chemical warfare agent and now a commonly used pesticide) as a chemical agent to induce ocular injury in HCE cells. CP exposures showed that SOE treatment reverses CP-induced DNA damage, apoptotic cell death, and oxidative stress markers.ConclusionsMaintaining adequate tissue oxygenation is critical for tissue preservation and wound repair, especially in avascular tissues like the cornea. Further studies examining the application of the SOE in corneal injury models are warranted.
Outcomes of Casualties Without Airway Trauma Undergoing Prehospital Airway Interventions: A Department of Defense Trauma Registry Study
Authors: Schauer Steven G , Naylor Jason F , Maddry Joseph K , Kobylarz Fred C , April Michael D 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionAirway obstruction is the second leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield. Most airway obstruction occurs secondary to traumatic disruptions of the airway anatomical structures. However, casualties may require airway interventions for other indications (e.g., depressed mental status). We describe casualties undergoing airway intervention in the prehospital, combat setting without apparent upper airway trauma.Materials and MethodsWe used a series of emergency department procedure codes to identify patients within the Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DODTR) from January 2007 to August 2016. This is a subgroup analysis of those patients with a documented prehospital airway intervention and no apparent airway trauma as defined by abbreviated injury scale of 0 for body regions 1 (head/neck) and 2 (face).ResultsOur predefined search codes captured 28222 DODTR subjects of whom 409 (1.4%) met criteria for study inclusion. Subjects included members of host nation forces (34%) and civilians (30%). Most subjects sustained injuries in Afghanistan (82%). Explosive (57%) and gunshot wounds (36%) were the most frequent mechanisms of injury. Median injury severity scores were 17. The most common anatomical locations of injuries for included subjects included extremities (53%) and thorax (29%). A majority of subjects underwent intubation (89%); comparatively few casualties underwent placement of a nasopharyngeal airway (2%) or supraglottic airway (2%). The proportion of subjects surviving to hospital discharge was 80% and was highest among subjects undergoing intubation (82%).ConclusionsIn this subgroup analysis of casualties without apparent upper airway trauma, survival rates were lower when compared to our previous report. Higher quality data are necessary to better understand the resuscitation needs of this critically ill subset of combat casualties.
A Mixed Methods Analysis of Acute Upper Extremity Pain as Measured by the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System
Authors: Tennekoon Robin L , Smith-Forbes Enrique V , Woods Yvette 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionChronic pain affects U.S. service member’s (SMs) more disproportionately than individuals in the general public. SMs have unique cultural pressures to ignore or deny acute pain; therefore, the beliefs and behaviors of this group may cause them to self-report their acute pain in a specific manner. This study evaluated the strength of the relationship of the patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) upper extremity computer adaptive test (CAT) and assessed U.S. active duty SMs experience of acute pain and function compared to the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (QuickDASH). In addition, the PROMIS pain interference CAT, PROMIS pain behavior CAT, and PROMIS anxiety CAT were correlated to the PROMIS upper extremity CAT and QuickDASH questionnaires.Materials and MethodsThis mixed methods, sequential, explanatory study included a convenience sample of 26 participants from two occupational therapy clinics. Participants were administered five self-report questionnaires at initial evaluation and at follow up (30–90 day). At follow up, 12 participants completed a semi-structured interview. Categorical variables were summarized using percentages and analyzed using a chi-square goodness of fit test. A Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the linear relationship between the QuickDASH and specified PROMIS questionnaires. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Brooke Army Medical Center, reference number C.2017.173d.ResultsThe initial and follow up scores from the self-report questionnaires demonstrated a good to excellent correlation between the PROMIS upper extremity CAT and the QuickDASH (r = –0.65; r = –0.81; p &lt; 0.001). Qualitative data were gathered during a semi-structured interview of 12 participants after the follow up and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes emerged from qualitative analysis of data: (1) impact of military culture, (2) psychosocial effects of acute pain, and (3) therapist contributions to disability awareness.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates several cultural and psychosocial influences concerning the experience of SMs with acute UE disability and pain, which were not previously reported for this population.
Towards machine-assisted meta-studies: the Hubble constant
Authors: Crossland Tom , Stenetorp Pontus , Riedel Sebastian , Kawata Daisuke , Kitching Thomas D , Croft Rupert A C 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present an approach for automatic extraction of measured values from the astrophysical literature, using the Hubble constant for our pilot study. Our rules-based model – a classical technique in natural language processing – has successfully extracted 298 measurements of the Hubble constant, with uncertainties, from the 208 541 available arXiv astrophysics papers. We have also created an artificial neural network classifier to identify papers in arXiv which report novel measurements. From the analysis of our results we find that reporting measurements with uncertainties and the correct units is critical information when distinguishing novel measurements in free text. Our results correctly highlight the current tension for measurements of the Hubble constant and recover the 3.5σ discrepancy – demonstrating that the tool presented in this paper is useful for meta-studies of astrophysical measurements from a large number of publications.
UN SCINDAGE DU MORPHISME DE FROBENIUS SUR L’ALGÈBRE DES DISTRIBUTIONS D’UN GROUPE RÉDUCTIF
Authors: Gros Michel , Masaharu Kaneda 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pour un groupe algébrique semi-simple simplement connexe sur un corps algébriquement clos de caractéristique positive, nous avons précédemment construit un scindage de l’endomorphisme de Frobenius sur son algèbre des distributions. Nous généralisons la construction au cas de des groupes réductifs connexes et en dégageons les corollaires correspondants.
For a simply connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic we have already constructed a splitting of the Frobenius endomorphism on its algebra of distributions. We generalize the construction to the case of general connected reductive groups and derive the corresponding corollaries.
Amplified prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with inflammatory arthritis and coexistent autoimmune disorders
Authors: Heslinga Maaike , Nielen Mark M J , Smulders Yvo , Simsek Suat , Nurmohamed Mike T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to assess the prevalence proportion and incidence rate of cardiovascular morbidity in patients with inflammatory arthritis compared with that in controls, and to determine whether the co-existence of multiple autoimmune disorders is associated with an amplified risk of cardiovascular disease.

Methods
Data from the Nivel Primary Care Database were used to assess prevalence proportion and incidence rate of cardiovascular disease in patients with inflammatory arthritis only, patients with inflammatory arthritis coexistent with another autoimmune disorder, and controls. Hazard ratios were calculated using Cox regression models.

Results
The prevalence proportions in inflammatory arthritis patients were increased for type 1 diabetes [odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% CI: 1.27, 2.55], hypothyroidism (OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.61), psoriasis (OR 2.72, 95% CI: 2.49, 2.97) and IBD (OR 2.64, 95% CI: 2.28, 3.07) compared with that in controls. Cardiovascular disease prevalence (OR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.41) and incidence rates (incidence rate ratio 1.3, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.41) were higher in inflammatory arthritis patients compared with that in controls, and were further increased in the presence of a second autoimmune disorder. The hazard ratio for cardiovascular disease was 1.32 (95% CI: 1.23, 1.41) for patients with inflammatory arthritis only, and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.31, 1.68) for patients with inflammatory arthritis co-existent with another autoimmune disorder.

Conclusion
The amplification of cardiovascular disease risk in inflammatory arthritis patients with multiple autoimmune disorders warrants greater awareness, and since autoimmune disorders often co-exist, the need for cardiovascular risk management in these patients is once again emphasized.
STAT3 localizes in mitochondria-associated ER membranes instead of in mitochondria
Authors: Su Yixun , Huang Xiaomin , Huang Zhangsen , Huang Taida , Xu Yunsheng , Yi Chenju 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTSignal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor (TF) that regulates a variety of biological processes, including a key role in mediating mitochondrial metabolism. It has been shown that STAT3 performs this function by translocating in minute amounts into mitochondria and interacting with mitochondrial proteins and genome. However, whether STAT3 localizes in mitochondria is still up for debate.To decipher the role of mitochondrial STAT3 requires a detailed understanding of its cellular localization. Using Percoll density gradient centrifugation, we surprisingly found that STAT3 is not located in the mitochondrial fraction, but instead, in the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) fraction. This was confirmed by sub-diffraction image analysis of labeled mitochondria in embryonic astrocytes. Also, we find that other TFs that have been previously found to localize in mitochondria are also found instead in the MAM fraction. Our results suggest that STAT3 and other transcriptional factors are, contrary to prior studies, consolidated specifically at MAMs, and further efforts to understand mitochondrial STAT3 function must take into consideration this localization, as the associated functional consequences offer a different interpretation to the questions of STAT3 trafficking and signaling in the mitochondria.
Impact of a pilot community pharmacy system redesign on reducing over-the-counter medication misuse in older adults
Authors: Gilson Aaron M. , Stone Jamie A. , Morris Ashley O. , Brown Roger L. , Xiong Ka Z , Jacobson Nora , Holden Richard J. , Albert Steven M. , Phelan Cynthia H. , Pigarelli Denise L. Walbrandt , Breslow Robert M. , Welch Lauren , Chui Michelle A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis pilot study examines effectiveness of an innovative pharmacy design change on over-the-counter (OTC) medication misuse in older adults (ages ≥65). Few interventions have attempted to decrease older adult OTC misuse, and none have addressed system barriers. A structural redesign of the pharmacy (the Senior Section™) was conceptualized to increase awareness of higher-risk OTC medications. The Senior Section contains a curated selection of OTC medications (for pain, cough/cold, allergy, sleep) and is close to the prescription department to facilitate pharmacy staff/patient engagement to reduce misuse.MethodsA pre-/post-implementation design was used to recruit 87 older adults from three pharmacies. Using a hypothetical scenario, participants selected an OTC medication, which was compared to their medication list and health conditions, and their reported use was compared against the product labeling. Four misuse outcomes were determined: (1) Drug/Drug, (2) Drug/Disease, (3) Drug/Age, and (4) Drug/Label with five sub-types. Patient characteristics were collected and compiled into a propensity-score matching logistic regression model to estimate their effects on the Senior Section’s association with misuse outcomes at pre-/post-implementation.ResultsPatient characteristic were uniform between pre-/post-implementation and, once entered into a propensity-score matching model, Drug/Disease Misuse significantly lessened over time (z=-2.09, p=0.037). The Senior Section reduced Drug/Drug Misuse, but not significantly. Drug/Label Misuse varied according to the sub-type, with reduced Daily-Dosage (z=-2.42, p=0.016) and Single-Dosage misuse (z=-5.82, p=0.001); however, Timing/Frequency misuse increased (z=2.16, p=0.031).ConclusionsThese nascent outcomes support a well-conceived pharmacy-based OTC aisles redesign as valuable for reducing older adult OTC medication misuse. The Senior Section, when broadly implemented, would create new permanent structures and processes to assist older adults in accessing risk information for confidently selecting safer OTC medications.
Accounting for variability in ion current recordings using a mathematical model of artefacts in voltage-clamp experiments
Authors: Lei Chon Lok , Clerx Michael , Whittaker Dominic G. , Gavaghan David J. , de Boer Teun P. , Mirams Gary R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMathematical models of ion channels, which constitute indispensable components of action potential models, are commonly constructed by fitting to whole-cell patch-clamp data. In a previous study we fitted cell-specific models to hERG1a (Kv11.1) recordings simultaneously measured using an automated high-throughput system, and studied cell-cell variability by inspecting the resulting model parameters. However, the origin of the observed variability was not identified. Here we study the source of variability by constructing a model that describes not just ion current dynamics, but the entire voltage-clamp experiment. The experimental artefact components of the model include: series resistance, membrane and pipette capacitance, voltage offsets, imperfect compensations made by the amplifier for these phenomena, and leak current. In this model, variability in the observations can be explained by either cell properties, measurement artefacts, or both. Remarkably, by assuming that variability arises exclusively from measurement artefacts, it is possible to explain a larger amount of the observed variability than when assuming cell-specific ion current kinetics. This assumption also leads to a smaller number of model parameters. This result suggests that most of the observed variability in patch-clamp data measured under the same conditions is caused by experimental artefacts, and hence can be compensated for in post-processing by using our model for the patch-clamp experiment. This study has implications for the question of the extent to which cell-cell variability in ion channel kinetics exists, and opens up routes for better correction of artefacts in patch-clamp data.
RNA-seq transcriptome analysis reveals LTR-retrotransposons modulation in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) afterin vivoLipopolysaccharides (LPS) injection
Authors: Pisano Maria Paola , Tabone Olivier , Bodinier Maxime , Grandi Nicole , Textoris Julien , Mallet François , Tramontano Enzo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuman Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) and Mammalian apparent LTR-retrotransposons (MaLRs) are retroviral sequences that integrated into the germline cells millions year ago. Transcripts of these LTR-retrotransposons are present in several tissues, and their expression is modulated in pathological conditions, although their function remains often far from being understood. In this work, we focused on the HERVs/MaLRs expression and modulation in a scenario of immune system activation. We used a public dataset of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) RNA-seq from 15 healthy participants to a clinical trial before and after the exposure to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), for which we established an RNA-seq workflow for the identification of expressed and modulated cellular genes and LTR-retrotransposon elements.ImportanceWe described the HERV and MaLR transcriptome in PBMCs, finding that about 8.4 % of the LTR-retrotransposons loci were expressed, and identifying the betaretrovirus-like HERVs as those with the highest percentage of expressed loci. We found 4,607 HERVs and MaLRs loci that were modulated as a result ofin vivostimulation with LPS. The HERV-H group showed the highest number of differentially expressed most intact proviruses. We characterized the HERV and MaLR loci differentially expressed checking their genomic context of insertion and, interestingly, we found a general co-localization with genes that are involved and modulated in the immune response, as consequence of LPS stimulation. The analyses of HERVs and MaLRs expression and modulation show that this LTR-retrotransposons are expressed in PBMCs and regulated in inflammatory settings. The similar regulation of HERVs/MaLRs and genes after LPS stimulation suggests possible interactions of LTR-retrotransposons and the immune host response.
Optimized breeding strategies to harness Genetic Resources with different performance levels
Authors: Allier Antoine , Teyssèdre Simon , Lehermeier Christina , Moreau Laurence , Charcosset Alain 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe narrow genetic base of elite germplasm compromises long-term genetic gain and increases the vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses in unpredictable environmental conditions. Therefore, an efficient strategy is required to broaden the genetic base of commercial breeding programs while not compromising short-term variety release. Optimal cross selection aims at identifying the optimal set of crosses that balances the expected genetic value and diversity. We propose to consider genomic selection and optimal cross selection to recurrently improve genetic resources (i.e. pre-breeding), to bridge the improved genetic resources with elites (i.e. bridging), and to manage introductions into the elite breeding population. Optimal cross selection is particularly adapted to jointly identify bridging, introduction and elite crosses to ensure an overall consistency of the genetic base broadening strategy. We compared simulated breeding programs introducing donors with different performance levels, directly or indirectly after bridging. We also evaluated the effect of the training set composition on the success of introductions. We observed that with recurrent introductions of improved donors, it is possible to maintain the genetic diversity and increase mid- and long-term performances with only limited penalty at short-term. Considering a bridging step yielded significantly higher mid- and long-term genetic gain when introducing low performing donors. The results also suggested to consider marker effects estimated with a broad training population including donor by elite and elite by elite progeny to identify bridging, introduction and elite crosses.
Reduced responsiveness of the reward system is associated with tolerance to cannabis impairment in chronic users
Authors: Mason Natasha L. , Theunissen Eef L. , Hutten Nadia R.P.W. , Tse Desmond H.Y. , Toennes Stefan W. , Jansen Jacobus F.A. , Stiers Peter , Ramaekers Johannes G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug in the world. However, because of a changing legal landscape and rising interest in therapeutic utility, there is an increasing trend in (long‐term) use and possibly cannabis impairment. Importantly, a growing body of evidence suggests that regular cannabis users develop tolerance to the impairing, as well as the rewarding, effects of the drug. However, the neuroadaptations that may underlie cannabis tolerance remain unclear. Therefore, this double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study assessed the acute influence of cannabis on the brain and behavioral outcomes in two distinct cannabis user groups. Twelve occasional and 12 chronic cannabis users received acute doses of cannabis (300‐μg/kg delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol) and placebo and underwent ultrahigh field functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In occasional users, cannabis induced significant neurometabolic alterations in reward circuitry, namely, decrements in functional connectivity and increments in striatal glutamate concentrations, which were associated with increases in subjective high and decreases in performance on a sustained attention task. Such changes were absent in chronic users. The finding that cannabis altered circuitry and distorted behavior in occasional, but not chronic users, suggests reduced responsiveness of the reward circuitry to cannabis intoxication in chronic users. Taken together, the results suggest a pharmacodynamic mechanism for the development of tolerance to cannabis impairment, of which is important to understand in the context of the long‐term therapeutic use of cannabis‐based medications, as well as in the context of public health and safety of cannabis use when performing day‐to‐day operations.