bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 pandemic: changes in cancer admissions
Authors: Guven Deniz Can , Aktas Burak Yasin , Aksun Melek Seren , Ucgul Enes , Sahin Taha Koray , Yildirim Hasan Cagri , Guner Gurkan , Kertmen Neyran , Dizdar Omer , Kilickap Saadettin , Aksoy Sercan , Yalcin Suayib , Turker Alev , Uckun Fatih Mehmet , Arik Zafer 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic could create a collateral damage to cancer care denoting disruptions in care due to a significant burden on healthcare and resource allocations. Herein, we evaluate the early changes in the inpatient and outpatient oncology clinics to take a snapshot of this collateral damage at Hacettepe University Cancer Institute.MethodsPatients applying the outpatient clinic and outpatient palliative care (OPC) clinic for the first time and patients admitted to inpatient wards in the first 30 days after the first case of COVID-19 in Turkey were evaluated. These data were compared with data from the same time frame in the previous 3 years.ResultsThe mean number of daily new patient applications to the outpatient clinic (9.87±3.87 vs 6.43±4.03, p<0.001) and OPC clinic (3.87±1.49 vs 1.13±1.46, p<0.001) was significantly reduced compared with the previous years. While the number of inpatient admissions was similar for a month frame, the median duration of hospitalisation was significantly reduced. The frequency of hospitalisations for chemotherapy was higher than in previous years (p<0.001). By comparison, the rate of hospitalisations for palliative care (p=0.028) or elective interventional procedures (p=0.001) was significantly reduced.ConclusionIn our experience, almost all domains of care were affected during the pandemic other than patients’ systemic treatments. There were significant drops in the numbers of newly diagnosed patients, patients having interventional procedures and palliative care services, and these problems should be the focus points for the risk mitigation efforts for prevention of care disruptions.
Sex differences in the association between childhood maltreatment and cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank
Authors: Soares Ana Luiza Gonçalves , Hammerton Gemma , Howe Laura D , Rich-Edwards Janet , Halligan Sarah , Fraser Abigail 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo assess and compare associations between childhood maltreatment and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men and women in the UK. In secondary analyses, we also explored possible age differences and associations with early onset CVD (<50 years).MethodsWe included 157 311 participants from the UK Biobank who had information on physical, sexual or emotional abuse, emotional or physical neglect. CVD outcomes were defined as any CVD, hypertensive disease, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease. These were extracted from self-report, blood pressure measurements, hospital register and death register. The associations between maltreatment and CVD were assessed using Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate risk ratios, stratified by sex and adjusted for socioeconomic and demographic factors.ResultsAll types of maltreatment were associated with increased risk of CVD and IHD in both sexes. Additionally, in women all types of maltreatment were associated with higher risk of hypertensive disease, and all, except emotional neglect, were associated with cerebrovascular disease. In men, all but sexual abuse, were associated with higher risk of hypertensive disease, and all, except physical and sexual abuse, were associated with cerebrovascular disease. Associations were generally stronger in women, and individuals who were younger at baseline had stronger associations of childhood maltreatment with any CVD and IHD, but age differences were less evident when only early onset CVD was considered.ConclusionsChildhood maltreatment was consistently associated with CVD and stronger associations were generally observed in women and seemed to be stronger for early onset CVD.
Impact of guselkumab, an interleukin-23 p19 subunit inhibitor, on enthesitis and dactylitis in patients with moderate to severe psoriatic arthritis: results from a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase II study
Authors: Mease Philip J , Gladman Dafna D , Deodhar Atul , McGonagle Dennis G , Nash Peter , Boehncke Wolf-Henning , Gottlieb Alice , Xu Xie L , Xu Stephen , Hsia Elizabeth C , Karyekar Chetan S , Helliwell Philip S 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of guselkumab on enthesitis and dactylitis in a phase II trial of patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsThis was a phase II, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of adults with active PsA (≥3 swollen and ≥3 tender joints and C reactive protein ≥0.3 mg/dL) despite conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and/or oral corticosteroid therapy. Patients were randomised to subcutaneous injections of guselkumab 100 mg or placebo at weeks 0, 4 and every 8 weeks, with placebo crossover to guselkumab at week 24. Dactylitis was scored on a scale of 0–3 on each digit; enthesitis was assessed using the Leeds Enthesitis Index (0–6). Other assessments included American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index responses.ResultsOf 149 randomised patients, 107 patients had enthesitis (mean score=2.7) and 81 patients had dactylitis (mean dactylitis score=5.7) at baseline. Mean improvements in enthesitis and dactylitis at week 24 were greater in the guselkumab group versus placebo and sustained through week 56. Similar results were observed for the proportions of patients with resolution of enthesitis and dactylitis. At week 56, mean improvements in enthesitis and dactylitis among patients who switched from placebo to guselkumab treatment were similar to those in the guselkumab group. In the guselkumab group, ACR20 responders had greater improvements in enthesitis and dactylitis versus non-responders (week 24).ConclusionsAt week 24, the guselkumab group had greater mean improvements in enthesitis and dactylitis and greater proportions of patients with resolution of enthesitis and dactylitis versus placebo. ACR20 response was associated with improvements in enthesitis and dactylitis.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02319759.URL:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02319759; Registered 18 December 2014.
Effects of feeding graded levels of black spruce needles and branches on beef cow performance and health during mid to late gestation
Authors: Lafreniere C. , Berthiaume R. , Giesen L. , Campbell C.P. , Gardner D. , Panter Kip , Mandell I.B. 
Published: July 2020

Pregnant beef cows (56; 727 ± 102 kg body weight) in their second trimester were used to examine black spruce (BSP) needles and branches for replacing alfalfa silage in wintering cow diets. Five dietary treatments assessed BSP inclusion rates (0%, 15%, 22.5%, 30%, and 37.5% in the diet) for 92 d up until 2 wk before start of calving using a randomized complete block design (10–12 cows per treatment). There were linear decreases (P < 0.001) in total weight gain, average daily gain, and dry matter intakes (DMI) as amounts of dietary BSP increased. Low DMI feeding BSP may be attributed to palatability issues and lower rates of digestion. Changes in body condition score increased (P < 0.003) as dietary BSP increased. These effects are supported by corresponding linear decreases (P < 0.001) for changes in rump fat cover and increases (P < 0.001) in serum non-esterified fatty acids as dietary BSP increased. After feeding the test diets, there were no dietary treatment differences (P > 0.42) for calf birth and weaning weights as well as cow pregnancy and culling rates. Based on this study, incorporation of BSP into gestating cow diets cannot be recommended.
Optomechanics of a stable diffractive axicon light sail
Authors: Srivastava Prateek R. , Swartzlander Grover A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBeamed propulsion of a light sail based on radiation pressure benefits from a passively self-stabilizing “beam riding” diffractive film. We describe the optomechanics of a rigid non-spinning light sail that mitigates catastrophic sail walk-off and tumbling by use of a flat axicon diffraction grating. A linear stability analysis and numerical integration of the coupled translational and rotational equations of motion are examined. Stability is traded against longitudinal acceleration. The examined system achieves 90% of the theoretical longitudinal force limit and stability against a relative sail translation up to 30% of the sail radius when the payload is attached to a long boom.
Combinatorial ETS1-Dependent Control of Oncogenic NOTCH1 Enhancers in T-cell Leukemia
Authors: McCarter Anna C. , Della Gatta Giusy , Melnick Ashley , Kim Erin , Sha Cher , Wang Qing , Nalamolu Jahnavi K. , Liu Yiran , Keeley Theresa M. , Yan Ran , Sun Mengxi , Kodgule Rohan , Kunnath Nicholas , Ambesi-Impiombato Alberto , Kuick Rork , Rao Arvind , Ryan Russell J.H. , Kee Barbara L. , Samuelson Linda C. , Ostrowski Michael C. , Ferrando Adolfo A. , Chiang Mark Y. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Notch activation is highly prevalent among cancers, in particular T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). However, the use of pan-Notch inhibitors to treat cancers has been hampered by adverse effects, particularly intestinal toxicities. To circumvent this barrier in T-ALL, we aimed to inhibit ETS1, a developmentally important T-cell transcription factor previously shown to cobind Notch response elements. Using complementary genetic approaches in mouse models, we show that ablation of Ets1 leads to strong Notch-mediated suppressive effects on T-cell development and leukemogenesis but milder intestinal effects than pan-Notch inhibitors. Mechanistically, genome-wide chromatin profiling studies demonstrate that Ets1 inactivation impairs recruitment of multiple Notch-associated factors and Notch-dependent activation of transcriptional elements controlling major Notch-driven oncogenic effector pathways. These results uncover previously unrecognized hierarchical heterogeneity of Notch-controlled genes and point to Ets1-mediated enucleation of Notch–Rbpj transcriptional complexes as a target for developing specific anti-Notch therapies in T-ALL that circumvent the barriers of pan-Notch inhibition.

Significance:
Notch signaling controls developmentally important and tissue-specific activities, raising barriers for developing anti-Notch therapies. Pivoting away from pan-Notch inhibitors, we show antileukemic but less toxic effects of targeting ETS1, a T-cell NOTCH1 cofactor. These results demonstrate the feasibility of context-dependent suppression of NOTCH1 programs for the treatment of T-ALL.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 127
Adhesive systems modified with antimicrobial agents: a literature review
Authors: Aguiar Juliana Dias , Youssef Michel Nicolau , Medeiros Igor Studart 
Published: July 2020

Secondary caries is the primary cause of restoration failure. Thus, the development of adhesives with antimicrobial action is an advantageous option for their inhibition. However, this effect must be proven, as well as that the additional benefit does not interfere with material mechanical properties or biocompatibility. We analyzed adhesives with antimicrobial action by microbiological tests, bond strength, degree of conversion, and cytotoxicity. We analyzed 32 studies with commercially available antimicrobial adhesives (Clearfil™ SE Protect Bond/ MDPB, Gluma 2Bond/ glutaraldehyde, Peak Universal Bond/chlorhexidine), and experimental materials or commercial adhesives modified with antimicrobial agents, including materials with quaternary ammonium methacrylate (QAM) [dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM)], nanoparticles [silver (NAg), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO)], silver or zinc doped bioactive active glass (BAG), titanium, copper iodide, and compounds such as triclosan, quercetin, grape seed extract, among others. The use of antimicrobial agents is a favorable perspective for the functionalization of adhesive systems to inhibit secondary caries. However, more clinical studies need to prove the efficacy of these materials.
Efficacy of an Adjunctive Electrophysiological Test–Guided Left Atrial Posterior Wall Isolation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Without a Left Atrial Low-Voltage Area
Authors: Yamaji Hirosuke , Higashiya Shunichi , Murakami Takashi , Hina Kazuyoshi , Kawamura Hiroshi , Murakami Masaaki , Kamikawa Shigeshi , Hirohata Satoshi , Kusachi Shozo 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Electrical remodeling precedes structural remodeling. In adjunctive left atrial (LA) low-voltage area (LVA) ablation to pulmonary vein isolation of atrial fibrillation (AF), LA areas without LVA have not been targeted for ablation. We studied the effect of adjunctive LA posterior wall isolation (PWI) on persistent AF without LA-LVA according to electrophysiological testing (EP test).

Methods:
We examined consecutive patients with persistent AF with (n=33) and without (n=111) LA-LVA. Patients without LA-LVA were randomly assigned to EP test–guided (n=57) and control (n=54) groups. In the EP test–guided group, an adjunctive PWI was performed in those with positive results (PWI subgroup; n=24), but not in those with negative results (n=33). The criteria for positive EP tests were an effective refractory period ≤180 ms, effective refractory period>20 ms shorter than the other sites, and/or induction of AF/atrial tachycardia (AT) during measurements. LVA ablation was performed in the patients with LA-LVA.

Results:

During the follow-up period (62±33 weeks), the EP test–guided group had significantly lower recurrence rates (19%,11/57 versus 41%, 22/54,
P
=0.012) and higher Kaplan-Meier AF/AT–free survival curve rates than the control group (
P
=0.01). No significant differences in the recurrence and AF/AT–free survival curve rates between the PWI (positive EP test) and non-PWI (negative EP test) subgroups were observed. Therefore, PWI for positive EP tests reduced the AF/AT recurrence in the EP test–guided group. A stepwise Cox proportional hazard analyses identified EP test–guided ablation as a factor reducing the recurrence rate. The recurrence rates in the LA-LVA ablation group and EP test–guided group were similar.

Conclusions:
This pilot study proposed that an EP test–guided adjunctive PWI of persistent AF without LA-LVA potentially reduced AF/AT recurrences. The results suggest that there is an AF substrate in the LA with altered electrophysiological function even when there is no LA-LVA.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Association of Body Mass Index With Coronary Artery Calcium and Subsequent Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: Jensen Joseph C. , Dardari Zeina A. , Blaha Michael J. , White Susan , Shaw Leslee J. , Rumberger John , Rozanski Alan , Berman Daniel S. , Budoff Matthew J. , Nasir Khurram , Miedema Michael D. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Obesity is associated with higher risk for coronary artery calcium (CAC), but the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality is complex and frequently paradoxical.

Methods:
We analyzed BMI, CAC, and subsequent mortality using data from the CAC Consortium, a multi-centered cohort of individuals free of established cardiovascular disease (CVD) who underwent CAC testing. Mortality was assessed through linkage to the Social Security Death Index and cause of death from the National Death Index. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios for the association of clinically relevant BMI categories and prevalent CAC. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to determine hazard ratios for coronary heart disease, CVD, and all-cause mortality according to categories of BMI and CAC.

Results:
Our sample included 36 509 individuals, mean age 54.1 (10.3) years, 34.4% female, median BMI 26.6 (interquartile range, 24.1–30.1), 46.6% had zero CAC, and 10.5% had CAC ≥400. Compared with individuals with normal BMI, the multivariable adjusted odds of CAC >0 were increased in those overweight (odds ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.1–1.2]) and obese (odds ratio, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.4–1.6]). Over a median follow-up of 11.4 years, there were 1550 deaths (4.3%). Compared with normal BMI, obese individuals had a higher risk of coronary heart disease, CVD, and all-cause mortality while overweight individuals, despite a higher odds of CAC, showed no significant increase in mortality. In a sex-stratified analysis, the increase in coronary heart disease, CVD, and all-cause mortality in obese individuals appeared largely limited to men, and there was a lower risk of all-cause mortality in overweight women (hazard ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.63–0.98]).

Conclusions:
In a large sample undergoing CAC scoring, obesity was associated with a higher risk of CAC and subsequent coronary heart disease, CVD, and all-cause mortality. However, overweight individuals did not have a higher risk of mortality despite a higher risk for CAC.
Ticagrelor is Not Superior to Clopidogrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing PCI: A Report from Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry
Authors: Völz Sebastian , Petursson Petur , Odenstedt Jacob , Ioanes Dan , Haraldsson Inger , Angerås Oskar , Dworeck Christian , Hirlekar Geir , Myredal Anna , Albertsson Per , Råmunddal Truls , Redfors Björn , Omerovic Elmir 
Published: July 2020

Background
Ticagrelor reduces ischaemic end points in acute coronary syndromes. However, outcomes of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in real‐world patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain unclear. We sought to examine whether treatment with ticagrelor is superior to clopidogrel in unselected patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with PCI.

Methods and Results

We used data from SCAAR (Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry) for PCI performed in Västra Götaland County, Sweden. The database contains information about all PCI performed at 5 hospitals (∼20% of all data in SCAAR). All procedures between January 2005 and January 2015 for unstable angina/non‒ST‐segment‒elevation myocardial infarction and ST‐segment‒elevation myocardial infarction were included. We used instrumental variable 2‐stage least squares regression to adjust for confounders. The primary combined end point was mortality or stent thrombosis at 30 days, secondary end points were mortality at 30 days and 1‐year, stent thrombosis at 30 days, in‐hospital bleeding, in‐hospital neurologic complications and long‐term mortality. A total of 15 097 patients were included in the study of which 2929 (19.4%) were treated with ticagrelor. Treatment with ticagrelor was not associated with a lower risk for the primary end point (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.20; 95% CI, 0.87–1.61;
P
=0.250). Estimated risk of death at 30 days (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.88–1.64;
P
=0.287) and at 1‐year (aOR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.86–1.64;
P
=0.556) was not different between the groups. The risk of in‐hospital bleeding was higher with ticagrelor (aOR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.53–5.44;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions
In this observational study, treatment with ticagrelor was not superior to clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes treated with PCI.
One‐Year Mortality After Intensification of Outpatient Diuretic Therapy
Authors: Madelaire Christian , Gustafsson Finn , Stevenson Lynne Warner , Kristensen Søren Lund , Køber Lars , Andersen Julie , D'Souza Maria , Biering‐Sørensen Tor , Andersson Charlotte , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar , Schou Morten 
Published: July 2020

Background

Mortality is increased following a hospitalization for decompensated heart failure (
HF
), during which diuretics are usually intensified. It is unclear how risk is affected after outpatient intensification of diuretic therapy for
HF
.

Methods and Results

From nationwide administrative registers, we identified all Danish patients who were diagnosed with
HF
from 2001 to 2016 and received angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker and β blocker within 120 days. Subsequent follow‐up tracked progressive events of diuretic intensification and
HF
hospitalization. Intensification events were defined as new addition or doubling of loop diuretic or addition of thiazide to loop diuretic. These events were included in multivariable Cox regression models, calculating 1‐year mortality hazard after each year since inclusion. Patients with an intensification event or hospitalization were risk set matched to 2 nonworsened
HF
controls and absolute 1‐year mortality risks were calculated using Kaplan‐Meier estimates. We included 74 990 patients, their median age was 71 years, and 36% were women. Intensification events were associated with significantly increased mortality at all times during follow‐up. One‐year mortality was 18.0% after an intensification event, 22.6% after
HF
hospitalization, and 10.4% for matched controls with neither. In a multivariable Cox model adjusted for age, sex, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes mellitus, the hazard ratio for 1‐year death after an intensification event was 1.75 (95%
CI
, 1.66–1.85), and it was 2.28 (95%
CI
, 2.16–2.41) after
HF
hospitalization.

Conclusions

In a nationwide cohort of patients with
HF
, outpatient intensification events were associated with almost 2‐fold risk of mortality during the next year. Although
HF
hospitalization was associated with a higher risk, the need to intensify diuretics in the outpatient setting is a signal to review and intensify efforts to improve
HF
outcomes.