bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processing and properties of SiC composites made via binder jet 3D printing and infiltration and pyrolysis of preceramic polymer
Authors: Cramer Corson L. , Armstrong Herb , Flores‐Betancourt Alexis , Han Lu , Elliott Amy M. , Lara‐Curzio Edgar , Saito Tomonori , Nawaz Kashif 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effect of polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) cycles with polycarbosiloxane on the microstructure, air leak rate, and properties of SiC composites manufactured by a combination of binder jet 3D printing and PIP is reported. The density, Young's modulus and flexural strength of disk‐shaped components increased with the number of PIP cycles. In the case of density, it increased from 2.05 g/cm3 in one PIP cycle to 2.33 g/cm3 after three PIP cycles, while values of flexural strength and Young's modulus at room temperature after three PIP cycles reached 66.8 ± 2.5 MPa and 69.5 ± 2.8 GPa, respectively. Conversely, the air leak rate was found to decrease with number of PIP cycles, and it reached a value of 4 mbar‐L/s after three cycles. The instantaneous coefficient of thermal expansion of the composite was found to change minimally with the number of PIP cycles and had a value of 4 ± 1.2 ppm/°C between 200°C and 1000°C. Thermal conductivity was found to increase with number of PIP cycles and to decrease with temperature. For example, after three PIP cycles it was found to change from 6.72 ± 0.08 to 6.98 ± 0.08 W/mK at 25°C and 7.36 ± 0.08 to 7.96 ± 0.08 W/mK at 300°C. These values were lower than those of crystalline SiC because of the amorphous nature of the matrix and the presence of pores and cracks.
Antennal‐lobe neurons in the moth Helicoverpa armigera: Morphological features of projection neurons, local interneurons, and centrifugal neurons
Authors: Kymre Jonas Hansen , Berge Christoffer Nerland , Chu Xi , Ian Elena , Berg Bente G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe relatively large primary olfactory center of the insect brain, the antennal lobe (AL), contains several heterogeneous neuronal types. These include projection neurons (PNs), providing olfactory information to higher‐order neuropils via parallel pathways, and local interneurons (LNs), which provide lateral processing within the AL. In addition, various types of centrifugal neurons (CNs) offer top‐down modulation onto the other AL neurons. By performing iontophoretic intracellular staining, we collected a large number of AL neurons in the moth, Helicoverpa armigera, to examine the distinct morphological features of PNs, LNs, and CNs. We characterize 190 AL neurons. These were allocated to 25 distinct neuronal types or sub‐types, which were reconstructed and placed into a reference brain. In addition to six PN types comprising 15 sub‐types, three LN and seven CN types were identified. High‐resolution confocal images allowed us to analyze AL innervations of the various reported neurons, which demonstrated that all PNs innervating ventroposterior glomeruli contact a protocerebral neuropil rarely targeted by other PNs, that is the posteriorlateral protocerebrum. We also discuss the functional roles of the distinct CNs, which included several previously uncharacterized types, likely involved in computations spanning from multisensory processing to olfactory feedback signalization into the AL.
Transparent many‐core partitioning for high‐performance big data I/O
Authors: Lee Chan‐Gyu , Cho Joong‐Yeon , Kim Jooho , Jin Hyun‐Wook 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAs the number of cores equipped in a single computing node is rapidly increasing, utilizing many cores for contemporary applications in an efficient manner is a challenging issue. We need to consider both parallelization and locality to fully exploit many cores for multifarious operations of emerging applications. In particular, big data applications perform computation and I/O intensive operations alternately. For instance, Apache Hadoop MapReduce assumes local persistent storage for each computing node. Thus, unlike traditional parallel programming models, the MapReduce framework performs not only networking but also storage I/O. In this study, we aim to improve the locality of network and storage I/O operations on many‐core systems by partitioning cores for I/O system calls and event handlers. In order to implement fine‐grained many‐core partitioning, we decouple the system call context from the user‐level process by suggesting message‐based system calls. The suggested design provides user‐level transparency and does not require any kernel‐level modifications. In addition, we propose a scheme that dynamically decides the core affinity of system calls and event handlers by considering locality, run‐time loads, and hardware architectures. The experimental results show that the proposed many‐core partitioning can improve the locality of network and storage I/O operations in an integrated manner for MapReduce applications.
Elimination profiles of betamethasone after different administration routes: Evaluation of the reporting level and washout periods to ensure safe therapeutic administrations
Authors: Coll Sergi , Monfort Núria , Alechaga Élida , Matabosch Xavier , Pérez‐Mañá Clara , Ventura Rosa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBetamethasone (BET) is prohibited in sports competitions when administered by systemic routes, and it is allowed by other routes for therapeutic purposes. In out‐of‐competition periods, there is no restriction of use. The present work aimed to assess the urinary excretion of BET and its metabolites after allowed and prohibited administrations to verify the suitability of the current reporting level of 30 ng/ml used to distinguish allowed and prohibited administrations and to establish washout periods for oral and intramuscular (IM) administrations when out‐of‐competition treatments are needed. BET was administered to healthy volunteers by different routes: topical (10 mg/day for 5 days, n = 6 males), intranasal (320 μg/day for 3 days, n = 4 males and 4 females), oral (0.5 mg, n = 8 males) or IM (6 mg, n = 6 males, or 12 mg, n = 4 males and 4 females). Urine and plasma samples collected before and after administration were analysed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Among all studied metabolites, the parent drug was selected as the best discriminatory marker. After topical administration, BET concentrations were lower than 6.6 ng/ml. However, after intranasal treatment, some samples at concentrations close to or higher than 30 ng/ml were detected, suggesting the need to revise the current reporting level. Urinary concentrations after oral and intranasal administrations were similar, and after IM administration, concentrations were much higher. Taking into account all information, a urinary reporting level of 60 ng/ml is proposed. Washout periods of at least 48 and 96 h are recommended after oral and IM administrations, respectively.
Relative contribution of risk factors/co‐morbidities to heart failure pathogenesis: interaction with ejection fraction
Authors: Giamouzis Grigorios , Xanthopoulos Andrew , Papamichalis Michail , Chroub‐Papavaiou Artemis‐Nantia , Pantziou Aikaterini , Simou Anthi , Dimos Apostolos , Bourazana Angeliki , Skoularigis John , Triposkiadis Filippos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe relative impact of each individual coexisting morbidity on the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF) is incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of individual cardiac and non‐cardiac coexisting morbidities both in the overall HF population and in the subgroup of HF patients with a single coexisting morbidity, stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) categories, as a measure of the relative contribution of each co‐morbidity to the pathogenesis of HF.Methods and resultsThis is a prospective, observational study, in which unselected ambulatory patients with chronic HF visiting the HF clinic of a tertiary university hospital from January 2016 to January 2019 were classified according to baseline LVEF into three groups: (i) LVEF < 40%, (ii) LVEF = 40–49%, and (iii) LVEF ≥ 50% and then evaluated for various coexisting morbidities. Overall, 1064 patients (age 73.4 ± 12.1 years, male gender 57.7%, LVEF 43.6 ± 13.9, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide 2187 ± 710 ng/L, and estimated glomerular filtration rate 67.2 ± 25 mL/min/1.73 m2) were recruited in this study. Of these, 361 (33.9%) had an LVEF < 40%, 247 (23.2%) an LVEF = 40–49%, and 456 (42.9%) an LVEF ≥ 50%. There were 90 (8.5%) HF patients with a single coexisting morbidity, 33 (36.7%) with LVEF ≥ 50%, 27 (30.0%) with LVEF = 40–49%, and 30 (33.3%) with LVEF < 40%. Among these patients, those with LVEF ≥ 50% suffered mostly from hypertension (85.7%), whereas the second most common coexisting morbidity was atrial fibrillation (AF) (9.5%). HF patients with LVEF = 40–49% usually suffered from hypertension (35.7%), AF (28.6%), or myocardial infarction (MI) (21.4%). Finally, HF patients with LVEF < 40% usually suffered from MI (30.8%), AF (30.8%), or hypertension (15.4%).ConclusionsHypertension is strongly associated with the development of HF with low, intermediate, or near‐normal/normal LVEF whereas a history of MI or AF with HF with a low or an intermediate LVEF.
Design of a Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Ferrocene‐reduced Graphene Oxide/Mn‐spinel for Hydrazine Detection
Authors: Singh Manorama , Bhardiya Smita R. , Asati Ambika , Sheshma Harendra , Rai Ankita , Rai Vijai K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHerein, we report construction of a ferrocene‐reduced graphene oxide‐Mn spinel modified glassy carbon electrode (Fc−G/Mn3O4/GCE) as a sensitive electrochemical probe for hydrazine detection via its oxidation. The synergistic effect of ferrocene, graphene oxide and Mn3O4 provides it a great electrocatalytic effect. The electrochemical investigations of Fc−G/Mn3O4/GCE were studied using cyclic voltammetry, while differential pulse voltammetry was utilized for recording the electrocatalytic sensing of hydrazine. The prepared Fc−G/Mn3O4 offers a platform for sensitive and selective detection of low‐level hydrazine in two linear ranges from 0.045 to 108 μM and 108 to 653 μM with limit of detection 8.5 nM. Real sample analysis was also performed in local industrial water samples with satisfactory recovery results.
A performance analysis of prediction intervals for count time series
Authors: Homburg Annika , Weiß Christian H. , Alwan Layth C. , Frahm Gabriel , Göb Rainer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne of the major motivations for the analysis and modeling of time series data is the forecasting of future outcomes. The use of interval forecasts instead of point forecasts allows us to incorporate the apparent forecast uncertainty. When forecasting count time series, one also has to account for the discreteness of the range, which is done by using coherent prediction intervals (PIs) relying on a count model. We provide a comprehensive performance analysis of coherent PIs for diverse types of count processes. We also compare them to approximate PIs that are computed based on a Gaussian approximation. Our analyses rely on an extensive simulation study. It turns out that the Gaussian approximations do considerably worse than the coherent PIs. Furthermore, special characteristics such as overdispersion, zero inflation, or trend clearly affect the PIs' performance. We conclude by presenting two empirical applications of PIs for count time series: the demand for blood bags in a hospital and the number of company liquidations in Germany.
A real‐world comparison of cisplatin vs cetuximab used concurrently with radiation in the treatment of locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Fung Andrea S. , Afzal Arfan Raheen , Banerjee Robyn , Debenham Brock , Hao Desiree 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis population‐based retrospective study compares the efficacy of cisplatin (cis‐RT) vs cetuximab (cetux‐RT) with concurrent radiation as definitive treatment in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC).MethodsPatients with OPC treated in Alberta with cis‐RT or cetux‐RT between 2006 and 2016 were evaluated. Median disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Multivariable analysis (MVA) was completed with a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsAmong 546 patients with OPC, 431 (78.9%) received cis‐RT and 115 (21.1%) cetux‐RT. Patients treated with cetux‐RT were more likely to develop a recurrence after treatment compared to cis‐RT (25% vs 15%, P = .01). On MVA, current smoking, human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative status, higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), T‐stage, and cetux‐RT predicted for worse DFS and OS. Outcomes in older patients with a higher CCI still favored cis‐RT.ConclusionsOur data reaffirm results from randomized studies showing better survival outcomes with cis‐RT compared to cetux‐RT even among those who are >65 with CCI ≥3.
Postremission therapy with repeated courses of high‐dose cytarabine, idarubicin, and limited autologous stem cell support achieves a very good long‐term outcome in European leukemia net favorable and intermediate‐risk acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Borlenghi Erika , Cattaneo Chiara , Cerqui Elisa , Archetti Silvana , Bertoli Diego , Bellotti Daniela , Gramegna Doriana , Soverini Giulia , Oberti Margherita , Schieppati Francesca , Pagani Chiara , Passi Angela , Sciumé Margherita , Farina Mirko , Carbone Cecilia , Crippa Claudia , Dalceggio Daniela , Tucci Alessandra , Rossi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConsolidation treatment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients achieving complete remission (CR) is warranted. High‐dose cytarabine (HDAC) is considered first choice in favorable risk and an option in intermediate‐risk AML. However, its optimal dose and schedule, as well as the benefit of additional chemotherapy agents remain controversial. Herein, we report on the long‐term outcome of consecutive unselected AML patients treated with repeated courses of HDAC, with the addition of idarubicin, followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) support, in order to limit toxicity, according to Northern Italy Leukemia Group (NILG) AML‐01/00 study (EUDRACT number 00400673). Among 338 patients consecutively diagnosed from 2001 to 2017 at our center, 148 with high‐risk AML (adverse cytogenetic, isolated FLT3‐internal tandem duplication mutation, refractory to first induction) were addressed to allogeneic stem cell transplant. All other cases, 186 patients (55%), median age 53 (range 19–75), were considered standard‐risk and received the NILG AML‐01/00 program. After achieving CR, patients were mobilized with cytarabine 8 g/sqm to collect autologous CD34+‐PBSC and received three consolidation cycles with HDAC (20 g/sqm) plus idarubicin (20 mg/sqm) per cycle, followed by reinfusion of limited doses of CD34+ PBSC (1‐2x106/kg). The program was completed by 160 (86%) patients. Toxicity was acceptable. Neutrophils recovered a median of 10 days. Treatment‐related mortality was 3/160 (1.8%). After a median follow‐up of 66.4 months, overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) at 5‐years were 61.4% and 52.4%, respectively. Twenty‐eight selected patients aged >65 had similar outcomes. According to European leukemia net‐2010 classification, the OS and RFS at 5‐years were 76.4% and 65% in favorable risk, without differences between molecular subgroups, 52.3% and 47.2% in Intermediate‐I, 45.2% and 36.5% in Intermediate‐II risk patients, respectively. In conclusion, consolidation including repeated courses of high dose cytarabine and idarubicin, with limited PBSC support, proved feasible and very effective in nonhigh risk patients. The incorporation of novel agents in its backbone may be tested to further improve patient's prognosis.
The relationship of health literacy, wellbeing and religious beliefs in neglected and unequal contexts—Results of a survey study in central Afghanistan
Authors: Harsch Stefanie , Jawid Asadullah , Jawid M Ebrahim , Saboga Nunes Luis , Sahrai Diana , Bittlingmayer Uwe H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIssue addressedWhile multiple studies worldwide reveal the strong impact of various determinants on health literacy, empirical data on the link between health literacy and other important dimensions of health equity (such as quality of life, beliefs and health literacy in crisis‐affected religious countries such as Afghanistan) is scarce. To inform and develop promising health promotion for people in need, we analysed the relationship between health literacy, quality of life and spiritual and religious beliefs.MethodsIn this first study on health literacy in Afghanistan, we interviewed 522 men and 324 women in the Ghazni province. Besides the HLS‐EU‐16, we used Quality of Life (WHO‐QoL‐BREF) and the WHO‐SRPB‐BREF questionnaires in Dari and Pashto. We performed descriptive, uni‐ and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe levels of HL, QoL and SRPB_coping are comparatively low among Afghan men from the Ghazni province, but higher among women on all scales. HL and QoL are positively associated with education and negatively with age (in the female subsample). HL and QoL show a moderate correlation among women but not among men. We found mixed results for the relationship between SRPB and HL or QoL.ConclusionsThe study highlights that health literacy is not a singular factor but related to wellbeing.So What?Health education might be promising while combining health literacy to the idea of quality of life of everyone, even those living in poor and illiterate environments.
Integrating Exposure and Effect Distributions with the Ecotoxicity Risk Calculator: Case Studies with Crop Protection Products
Authors: Dreier David A , Rodney Sara I , Moore Dwayne RJ , Grant Shanique L , Chen Wenlin , Valenti Theodore W , Brain Richard A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Risk curves describe the relationship between cumulative probability and magnitude of effect and thus express far more information than risk quotients. However, their adoption has remained limited in ecological risk assessment. Therefore, we developed the Ecotoxicity Risk Calculator (ERC) to simplify the derivation of risk curves, which can be used to inform risk management decisions. Case studies are presented with crop protection products, highlighting the utility of the ERC at incorporating various data sources, including surface water modeling estimates, monitoring observations, and species sensitivity distributions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:321–330. © 2020 Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
Risk curves describe the relationship between distributions of exposure and effect. The Ecotoxicity Risk Calculator can be used to generate risk curves from various data sources. Case studies are presented with risk curves for crop protection products.
Integrating proteomics into precision oncology
Authors: Wahjudi Leonie W. , Bernhardt Stephan , Abnaof Khalid , Horak Peter , Kreutzfeldt Simon , Heining Christoph , Borgoni Simone , Becki Corinna , Berg Daniela , Richter Daniela , Hutter Barbara , Uhrig Sebastian , Pfütze Katrin , Leichsenring Jonas , Glimm Hanno , Brors Benedikt , von Kalle Christof , Stenzinger Albrecht , Korf Ulrike , Fröhling Stefan , Wiemann Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDNA sequencing and RNA sequencing are increasingly applied in precision oncology, where molecular tumor boards evaluate the actionability of genetic events in individual tumors to guide targeted treatment. To work toward an additional level of patient characterization, we assessed the abundance and activity of 27 proteins in 134 patients whose tumors had previously undergone whole‐exome and RNA sequencing within the Molecularly Aided Stratification for Tumor Eradication Research (MASTER) program of National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic targets were selected to reflect the most relevant therapeutic baskets in MASTER. Among six different therapeutic baskets, the proteomic data supported treatment recommendations that were based on DNA and RNA analyses in 10% to 57% and frequently suggested alternative treatment options. In several cases, protein activities explained the patients' clinical course and provided potential explanations for treatment failure. Our study indicates that the integrative analysis of DNA, RNA and protein data may refine therapeutic stratification of individual patients and, thus, holds potential to increase the success rate of precision cancer therapy. Prospective validation studies are needed to advance the integration of proteomic analysis into precision oncology.
Predictors of mammographic microcalcifications
Authors: Azam Shadi , Eriksson Mikael , Sjölander Arvid , Gabrielson Marike , Hellgren Roxanna , Czene Kamila , Hall Per 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe examined the association between established risk factors for breast cancer and microcalcification clusters and their asymmetry. A cohort study of 53 273 Swedish women aged 30 to 80 years, with comprehensive information on breast cancer risk factors and mammograms, was conducted. Total number of microcalcification clusters and the average mammographic density area were measured using a Computer Aided Detection system and the STRATUS method, respectively. A polygenic risk score for breast cancer, including 313 single nucleotide polymorphisms, was calculated for those women genotyped (N = 7387). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with adjustment for potential confounders, were estimated. Age was strongly associated with microcalcification clusters. Both high mammographic density (>40 cm2), and high polygenic risk score (80‐100 percentile) were associated with microcalcification clusters, OR = 2.08 (95% CI = 1.93‐2.25) and OR = 1.22 (95% CI = 1.06‐1.48), respectively. Among reproductive risk factors, life‐time breastfeeding duration >1 year was associated with microcalcification clusters OR = 1.22 (95% CI = 1.03‐1.46). The association was confined to postmenopausal women. Among lifestyle risk factors, women with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 had the lowest risk of microcalcification clusters OR = 0.79 (95% CI = 0.73‐0.85) and the association was stronger among premenopausal women. Our results suggest that age, mammographic density, genetic predictors of breast cancer, having more than two children, longer duration of breast‐feeding are significantly associated with increased risk of microcalcification clusters. However, most lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer seem to protect against presence of microcalcification clusters. More research is needed to study biological mechanisms behind microcalcifications formation.