bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Kluyveromyces marxianus as a novel host for large-scale production of porcine parvovirus virus-like particles
Authors: Yang Deqiang , Chen Lei , Duan Jinkun , Yu Yao , zhou Jungang , Lu Hong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) is a Parvovirinae virus that can cause embryonic and fetal loss and death and mummification in affected fetal pigs. Unlike conventional vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs) inherit the natural structure of their authentic virions and highly immunostimulatory that can induce strong humoral immune and T cell responses with no risk of pathogenicity. The production of PPV VLPs is still a challenge based on traditional expression platforms due to their low yields and high culture costs. Kluyveromyces marxianus is a safe and fast-growing eukaryote that can get high biomass with low-cost cultures. In this study, we investigated the expression and downstream processes of PPV VLPs in K. marxianus, and the potential for effective stand-alone vaccines.Results: After optimization according to the codon bias of K.marxianus, the VP2 protein from Kresse strain was highly expressed. In a 5 L fermentator, the yield of PPV VLPs reached 2.5 g/L, quantified by HPLC, using a defined mineral medium after 48 h fermentation. Two strategies were established to purify intracellular PPV VLPs: i) Using the cation exchange chromatography coupled with Sephacryl® S-500 HR chromatography to purify VLPs from the supernatants of pH adjusted cell lysates. ii) Using anion exchange chromatography followed by cross-flow diafiltration to recover the VLPs precipitated in pH adjusted cell lysates. The purity of PPV VLPs reached about 95%, and total recovery was more than 60%. Vaccination of mice with the purified PPV VLPs induced high titers of specific IgG antibodies in sera, and showed hemagglutination inhibitions on both swine and guinea pig erythrocytes. Spleen lymphocyte proliferation and cytokines detection suggested the PPV VLPs produced by K.marxianus provoked the cellular immune and humoral immunity responses in mice.Conclusion: This is the highest production of recombinant PPV VLPs achieved to date. The superiorities, Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS), high production, short lead time, and low cost, make K. marxianus a greatly competitive platform for bioproduction of PPV VLPs vaccine.
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Authors: Rummler Klaus , Grabensteiner Caroline , Schneider Stingelin Colette 
Published: December 2020

Das Forschungsteam im Projekt «Hausaufgaben und Medienbildung» fragt nach dem Medienhandeln jugendlicher Schülerinnen und Schüler der Sekundarstufe I im Kontext der Erledigung ihrer Hausaufgaben. Im Herbst 2018 wurde die Haupterhebung mit 250 Deutschschweizer Schülerinnen und Schülern aus 9 Kantonen durchgeführt. Dieser Bericht widmet sich dem Lernprozess innerhalb des Projekts, der Dokumentation erster abduktiver Schlüsse und damit auch der Präsentation von Ergebnissen aus einem Work in Progress. Dabei wird vor allem auf den Codierprozess und die Strategien der Auswertung im Zuge eines hypothesengenerierenden Vorgehens eingegangen. Diese lässt die Entwicklung von Fragestellungen aus dem Material heraus zu. Anhand ausgewählter Beispiele wird gezeigt, welche Begrifflichkeiten mit bestimmten Diensten und Praktiken im Medienhandeln von Schülerinnen und Schülern auffindbar sind (Kollokationen) und welche Hardware und Anwendungen Schülerinnen und Schüler zur direkten Bearbeitung der Hausaufgaben verwenden. Dabei werden Hinweise darauf diskutiert, dass «Hausaufgaben» als Praxis des schulbezogenen häuslichen Lernens eine Transformation erfahren, welche durch die Art und Weise, wie Schülerinnen und Schüler zum Ergebnis der «fertigen Hausaufgabe» kommen, mit Fokus auf die genutzten medialen Ressourcen ihrerseits diskutiert werden kann.
Beet pulp dietary fiber exposed to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field: detoxification properties
Authors: Tamova Maya , Barashkina Elena , Tretyakova Natalʹya , Zhuravlev Rostislav , Penov Nikolay 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The lack of dietary fibre in the Russian people diet contributes to the development of various diseases. In this regard, it seems worthwhile to enrich foods with dietary fibre obtained from various types of raw materials. In our experiments, we used beet pulp. This study aimed to develop a technology for obtaining combined dietary fibre using the electrophysical method and evaluate its detoxification properties.
Study objects and methods. Study objects were pectin substances and combined detoxicants from beet pulp obtained by extracting with succinic acid with and without an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EM) treatment. The profiles of combined detoxicants and pectin substances were identified by IR-Fourier spectrometry. Beet pectin, beet cellulose, and their combined detoxicants were tested for complexing (binding) capacity with respect to lead ions (Pb2+). For this, we applied the trilonometric method with some modifications.
Results and discussion. The analysis of the absorption bands of carboxyl groups carbonyls revealed the presence of free carboxyl groups in the combined detoxicants. The combined detoxicant with a 1:0.5 ratio of cellulose and pectin substances showed a high complexing (binding) capacity (601 mg/Pb2+) with respect to lead ions (Pb2+).
Conclusion. We developed a technology for producing combined detoxicants with a high complexing capacity with respect to lead ions analysed microstructures of gels obtained during the interaction between the combined detoxicant and lead acetate solution.
The potential of integrated hybrid pre-post-processing techniques for short- to long-term drought forecasting
Authors: Roushangar Kiyoumars , Ghasempour Roghayeh , Nourani Vahid 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to the drought negative impacts, accurate forecasting of drought indices is important. This study focused on the short- to long-term Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) forecasting in sites with different climates using newly integrated hybrid pre-post-processing techniques. Four sites in Iran's northwest were selected and the SPIs series with time scales of 3, 9, and 24 months were forecasted during the period of 1978–2017. For improving the modeling efficiency, wavelet transform and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) pre-processing methods were used. In this regard, temporal features of the SPIs series were decomposed via wavelet transform (WT), then, the obtained sub-series were further broken down into intrinsic mode functions using EEMD. Also, simple linear averaging and nonlinear neural ensemble post-processing methods were applied to ensemble the outputs of hybrid models. The results showed that data pre-processing enhanced the models' capability up to 40%. Also, integrated pre-post-processing models improved the models' efficiency by approximately 50%. The root mean square errors' criteria distribution range decreased from 0.337–1.03 (in raw data) to 0.195–0.714 (in decomposed data). The results proved the capability of applied methods in modeling the SPIs series. In increasing the models' accuracy, data pre-processing was more effective than data post-processing.
Impact of climate change on surface runoff: a case study of the Darabad River, northeast of Iran
Authors: Zakizadeh Hamid Reza , Ahmadi Hassan , Zehtabiyan Gholam Reza , Moeini Abolfazl , Moghaddamnia Alireza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Climate change is one of the major challenges affecting natural ecosystems and various aspects of human life. The effects of global warming on the hydrology and water cycle in nature are very serious, and the quantitative recognition of these effects creates more readiness to deal with its consequences. In the present study, the 2006–2100 period is predicted based on the statistical downscaling model (SDSM). Finally, the effects of climate change on the hydrological conditions in the Darabad watershed are simulated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model calibration is done based on the SUFI-2 algorithm, and the effective and optimal parameter is identified. The results of the study, while confirming the efficiency of both SDSM in climate simulations and SWAT in hydrological simulation, showed that the increase in precipitation and temperature is probably in future climate conditions for the 2010–2040 period. The surface flow and runoff at the watershed area during the observation period (1970–2010) is 0.29 m3/s, but this value for the predicted period with regard to climate change in the RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5 scenarios is equal to 0.43, 0.44, and 0.45 m3/s. The results of research, while highlighting the importance of effects of climate change, make it essential to apply them for proper management in order to adapt to climate change in the future policies of the Darabad watershed management.
The removal of Mg2+ and Ca2+ and turbidity from aqueous solution employing copolymerization of ethyl acrylate onto guar gum
Authors: Ntwampe I. O. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Acid mine drainage collected from decant in Krugersdorp, South Africa, was treated in a series of laboratory experiments using synthesized copolymer of guar gum-g-polymer (GG) for the removal of calcium and magnesium and turbidity. 250 mL of sample and 25 mL distilled water were added into 16 Erlenmeyer flasks. The samples were irradiated in a micro-oven at 900 W for 3 min and the mixtures were placed in a soxhlet extractor for homopolymerization, after which they were dried and crushed. The results showed an exponential increasing adsorption efficiency of calcium removal with increasing pH range 2–4, and a slight increase between the pH range 4–8. On the other hand, the results showed a continuous increasing adsorption removal efficiency of magnesium with increasing pH in a range 2–8. The results showed a slight increasing adsorption efficiency of calcium removal with increasing dosage between 15 and 25 mg/L of GG, an exponential increase between 15 and 35 mg/L and resuming a slight increase between 45 and 55 mg/L dosage. On the other hand, the results showed an exponential increasing adsorption efficiency of magnesium removal between 15 and 54 mg/L dosage and slight increasing trend between 45 and 55 mg/L dosage.
Study on mechanism and application of water resources system adaptability under changing environment
Authors: Zhengwei Pan , Yuliang Zhou , Jing Wang , Yingying Qiu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The water resources system is in a vulnerable situation because of the influence of climate change and the changing environment. The adaptation mechanism was discussed through the analysis of the process of passive response, adaptation and even active adjustment of water resources system under changing environment. The adaptability of the water resources system can be described as natural resilience (NR) of natural system and artificial adaptation (AA) social (artificial) system. The natural resilience indexes were identified and analyzed from the aspects of water quantity, water quality and water ecology. The artificial adaptation indexes were identified and analyzed from the aspects of resource, eco-environment, socio-economic and technical factors. On this basis, the index system was constructed in accord with process mechanism of water resources system adaptability. Besides, to address the two-dimension factors of water resources system adaptability, a method of system analysis based on connection numbers–fuzzy risk matrix was proposed based on the theory of risk matrix. The synthesis interval [Apess, Aopt] of water resources system adaptability is obtained, by defining the pessimistic criterion when two-dimension factors meet the evaluation standard at the same time, and the optimistic criterion when either of the two-dimension factors meets evaluation standard. Finally, the case study in the Huaihe River basin in China was carried out. The results show that the adaptability level of water resources system in the Huaihe River basin expressed fluctuating uprising tendency in 2006–2015. The adaptability level is the lowest [1.856, 2.625] in 2009, the highest [2.500, 3.536] in 2015.
Characteristics of local inflammation of the fibula bone material from Tell Masaikh (Syria)
Authors: Mańkowska-Pliszka Hanna , Tomczyk Jacek 
Published: December 2020

Inflammatory states usually precede the development of an organ or systemic pathologies. Whether a given infection that causes such a state has a chance to develop, depends on many individual and environmental factors. Post-inflammatory changes can be traced in the osseous material. Therefore, macroscopic, radiological and histological analysis was performed on the upper epiphysis of the right fibula (caput fibulae) with a lesion within the articular surface turned towards the tibia (facies articularis capitis fibulae). The research material came from the excavations led in Tell Masaikh (Syria).
Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia Involvements of Mccune-Albright Syndrome: A Review with an Additional Case
Authors: Özcan İlknur , Ünsal Gürkan , Koca Revan Birke , Orhan Kaan 
Published: December 2020

Background:
McCune-Albright Syndrome (MAS) is a genetic disorder with a triad of
endocrine diseases, café-au-lait macules and fibrous dysplasias. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia is a
term that is used to describe the fibrous dysplasia, which was localized at the craniofacial skeleton
and is common in MAS patients.

Objective:
The objective of this review is to determine the involvement frequency of cranial and facial
bones in patients with MAS and CFD.

Methods:
Articles in PubMed was searched with the following details “(mccune[Title/Abstract]
OR albright[Title/Abstract]) OR (“craniofacial fibrous dysplasia”[MeSH Terms] OR (“craniofacial”[
All Fields] AND “fibrous”[All Fields] AND “dysplasia”[All Fields]) OR “craniofacial fibrous
dysplasia”[All Fields])”. The articles in which the authors did not state the involved bones or
did not add any radiographic images were excluded from the study.

Results:
26 cases in 25 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among the 26 cases and our case,
sphenoid and frontal bones were involved in 17 cases, parietal and occipital bones were involved in
15 cases, mandible and ethmoid bone were involved in 14 cases, maxilla-zygoma-temporal and
palate was involved in 13, 11, 6 and 3 cases, respectively. Palate was involved in cases where maxilla
was also involved. Our case was the only case that was evaluated with CBCT.

Conclusion:
Routine follow-ups are important since new CFDs can occur in different cranial or facial
bones. 2D imaging techniques may not be able to demonstrate early CFDs; thus, an advanced
imaging technique should be used after MAS diagnosis.
Molecular Evaluation of MicroRNA-146 Gene Variability (rs2910164 C> G) and its Association with Increased Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mir Rashid , Elfaki Imadeldin , Jha Chandan , Javid Jamsheed , Rehman Suriya , Banu Shaheena , Mir Mohammad Muzaffar , Babakr Abdullatif Taha , Chahal Sukh Mohinder Singh 
Published: December 2020

Aim:
Apart from the modifiable risk factors, genetic factors are believed to influence the
outcome of Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD). Under the genetic factors, miRNA polymorphisms,
namely Hsa-miR-146a-5p (rs2910164) have become an important tool to study the mechanism that
underlies the pathogenesis of this disease. Therefore, we investigated the association of miR-146a
gene variations with susceptibility of coronary artery diseases.

Methodology:
This study was conducted on 100 CAD patients and 117 matched healthy individuals.
Genotyping of the Hsa-miR-146a-5p C>G gene variation was performed by using Amplification
Refractory Mutation System PCR method (ARMS-PCR).

Results:
The distribution of Hsa-miR-146a-5p rs2910164 C>G genotypes observed between patients
and controls was significantly different (P=0.048). Moreover, the frequency of G allele (fG)
was found to be significantly higher among patients than in controls (0.36 vs. 0.25). Our findings
showed that the Hsa-miR-146a-5p C>G variant was associated with an increased risk of CAD in codominant
inheritance model CC vs. CG genotype (OR = 1.84, 95% CI, 1.02-3.31; p=0.040) and
(OR = 3.18, 95% CI, 1.02-9.9; p=0.045) for CC vs. GG genotype in dominant inheritance model.
Whereas the G allele significantly increased the risk of coronary artery disease (OR =1,81, 95% CI,
1.18-2.78; p=0.006) compared to C allele. Taken together, these results demonstrated that
miR-146a/rs2910164 is associated with susceptibility to coronary artery disease, providing novel
insights into the genetic etiology and underlying biology of coronary artery disease.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicated that Hsa-miR-146a-5p rs2910164 GG genotype and G allele
are associated with increased susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease. A larger sample size can
be the key to progress in establishing the genetic co-relation of miRNA gene polymorphisms and
cardiovascular diseases.
Las patentes y la pandemia, entrevista con Arjun Jayadev
Authors: Gómez-Ramírez Leopoldo 
Published: December 2020

En coautoría con Joseph Stiglitz, premio nobel de economía, y Achal Prabalha, coordinador del proyecto Access IBSA, el economista hindú Arjun Jayadev[1] publicó la pieza “Patents vs. the Pandemic”. Con ocasión de ella, conversé con él en 400 Voces, programa de entrevistas emitido por la Emisora Uninorte. Lo que sigue son partes de esa conversación.
[1] Arjun Jayadev hizo su doctorado en economía en la Universidad de Massachusetts en Amherst (USA). Actualmente (julio 2020) es profesor en Azim Premji University (India) y economista senior del Institute for New Economic Thinking (USA). Sus artículos de investigación académica han sido publicados, entre otras, en las revistas Development and Change, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Journal of Globalization and Development, Journal of Development Economics y American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics.
Use of Geosocial Networking Apps and HIV Risk Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Knox Justin , Chen Yi-No , He Qinying , Liu Guowu , Jones Jeb , Wang Xiaodong , Sullivan Patrick , Siegler Aaron 
Published: December 2020

Background
HIV disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. The HIV epidemic is largely driven by unprotected anal sex (ie, sex not protected by condoms or HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis [PrEP]). The possible association between unprotected anal sex and the use of geospatial networking apps has been the subject of scientific debate.

Objective
This study assessed whether users of a gay geospatial networking app in China were more likely to use condoms when they met their partners online versus offline. A case-crossover analysis, with each person serving as his own control, was employed to address the potential bias that men looking for sex partners through an online dating medium might have inherently different (and riskier) patterns of sexual behavior than men who do not use online dating media.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was administered in 2018 to adult male users of Blued—a gay geospatial networking app—in Beijing, Tianjin, Sichuan, and Yunnan, China. A case-crossover analysis was conducted among 1311 MSM not taking PrEP who reported engaging in both unprotected and protected anal sex in the previous 6 months. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to quantify the association between where the partnership was initiated (offline or online) and the act of unprotected anal sex, controlling for other interval-level covariates. Four sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess other potential sources of bias.

Results
We identified 1311 matched instances where a person reported having both an unprotected anal sex act and a protected anal sex act in the previous 6 months. Of the most recent unprotected anal sex acts, 22.3% (292/1311), were initiated offline. Of the most recent protected anal sex acts, 16.3% (214/1311), were initiated offline. In multivariable analyses, initiating a partnership offline was positively associated with unprotected anal sex (odds ratio 2.66, 95% CI 1.84 to 3.85, P<.001) compared with initiating a partnership online. These results were robust to each of the different sensitivity analyses we conducted.

Conclusions
Among Blued users in 4 Chinese cities, men were less likely to have unprotected anal sex in partnerships that they initiated online compared with those that they initiated offline. The relationship was strong, with over 2.5 times the likelihood of engaging in unprotected anal sex in partnerships initiated offline compared with those initiated online. These findings suggest that geospatial networking apps are a proxy for, and not a cause of, high-risk behaviors for HIV infection; these platforms should be viewed as a useful venue to identify individuals at risk for HIV transmission to allow for targeted service provision.
Associations Between Emotions, Social Media Use, and Sun Exposure Among Young Women: Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Willoughby Jessica Fitts , Myrick Jessica Gall , Gibbons Stephanie , Kogan Clark 
Published: December 2020

Background
Research has pointed to a connection between social media use, emotions, and tanning behaviors. However, less is known about the role specific emotions may play in influencing social media use and how emotions and social media use may each be associated with outdoor tanning.

Objective
This paper aims to examine the connection between emotions, social media use, and outdoor tanning behaviors among young women, a group particularly important for skin cancer prevention efforts.

Methods
We used ecological momentary assessment to collect data from 197 women aged 18 to 25 years 3 times a day for 7 days in July 2018. We collected data from women in 2 states.

Results
We found that boredom was associated with increased time spent on social media and that increased time spent on social media was associated with increased time spent outdoors without sun protection.

Conclusions
Our results highlight that social media may be a particularly important channel for skin cancer prevention efforts targeting young women, as more social media use was associated with increased time spent outdoors with skin exposed. Researchers should consider the role of emotions in motivating social media use and subsequent tanning behaviors. Additionally, as boredom was associated with social media use, intervention developers would benefit from developing digital and social media interventions that entertain as well as educate.
Rhotic Environments
Authors: McDermott Christina 
Published: December 2020

This study examines if a listener’s exposure to nonrhotic dialects of English affects how they perceive rhoticity in words spoken in a Boston English accent. Listener judgments on the rhoticity of both nonce words and words in phrases were elicited through a 120-question survey. The results suggest that listeners from the United States who grew up in regions where nonrhotic dialects are prevalent perceived /ɹ/ in certain nonrhotic articulations more than their counterparts did.