bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Report: Circulating microRNAs are associated with incident diabetes over 10 years in Japanese Americans
Authors: Wander Pandora L. , Enquobahrie Daniel A. , Bammler Theo K. , Srinouanprachanh Sengkeo , MacDonald James , Kahn Steven E. , Leonetti Donna , Fujimoto Wilfred Y. , Boyko Edward J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEpigenetic changes precede the development of diabetes by many years, providing clues to its pathogenesis. We explored whether the epigenetic markers, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), were associated with incident diabetes in Japanese Americans. We conducted a pilot study (n = 10) using plasma from age- and sex-matched participants who did or did not develop diabetes in the Japanese American Community Diabetes Study, an observational study of diabetes risk factors. Extraction and high-throughput sequencing of miRNAs were performed using samples collected at baseline. Regression models were fit comparing circulating miRNAs (N = 1640) among individuals who did or did not develop incident diabetes at 10-year follow-up. Participants averaged 51.7 years of age at baseline; 60% were male. We identified 36 miRNAs present at different (10 higher and 26 lower) levels in individuals who developed diabetes compared to those who did not (log2fold change ≥1.25 and false discovery rate ≤5%). These included miRNAs with functions in skeletal muscle insulin metabolism (miR-106b and miR-20b-5p) and miRNAs with functions in both skeletal muscle insulin metabolism and cell cycle regulation in endocrine pancreas (miR-15a and miR-17). Circulating miRNAs were associated with subsequent development of diabetes among Japanese Americans over 10 years of follow-up. Results are preliminary. Large-scale miRNA sequencing studies could inform our understanding of diabetes pathogenesis and development of therapies, based on gene expression regulation, that target diabetes.
Development of a tunable method to generate various three-dimensional microstructures by replenishing macromolecules such as extracellular matrix components and polysaccharides
Authors: Tao Fumiya , Sayo Kanae , Sugimoto Kazuyuki , Aoki Shigehisa , Kojima Nobuhiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMulticellular spheroids (spheroids) are expected to be a promising approach to mimic in vivo organ functions and cell microenvironments. However, conventional spheroids do not fully consider the existence of extracellular matrices (ECMs). In this study, we developed a tunable method for replenishing macromolecules, including ECM components and polysaccharides, into spheroids without compromising cell viability by injecting a microvolume cell suspension into a high density of methylcellulose dissolved in the culture medium. Adjusting the ECM concentration in the cell suspension enabled the generation of different three-dimensional microstructures, such as “ECM gel capsules”, which contained individually separated cells, and “ECM-loaded spheroids”, which had thin ECM layers between cells. ECM-loaded spheroids with a 30-fold dilution of Matrigel (0.3 mg/ml) showed significantly higher albumin secretion than control spheroids composed of Hep G2 or HuH-7 cells. Additionally, the expression levels of major CYP genes were decreased in ECM gel capsules with undiluted Matrigel (9 mg/ml) compared to those in control spheroids. However, 0.3 mg/ml Matrigel did not disrupt gene expression. Furthermore, cell polarity associated with tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Claudin-1) and the transporter protein MRP2 was markedly induced by using 0.3 mg/ml Matrigel. Thus, high-performance three-dimensional tissues fabricated by this method are applicable to increasing the efficiency of drug screening and to regenerative medicine.
Association of Gremlin-2 gene polymorphisms with osteoporosis risk in Chinese postmenopausal women
Authors: Feng Yu , Zhu Lei , Gu Yong , Wang Ling-Jun , Niu Bing-Jie , Cai Feng , Chen Liang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Gremlin-2 (GREM2) plays crucial roles in modulating bone homeostasis through the bone morphogenetic protein-2 pathway. However, GREM2 gene variants in osteoporosis were less frequent in a Chinese population. Therefore, the present study recruited 310 patients with osteoporosis and 339 healthy postmenopausal women to assess the correlation of GREM2 gene polymorphisms with the risk of osteoporosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were utilized to genotype samples. The results showed that GREM2 gene rs4454537, not rs11588607, polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Moreover, stratified analyses indicated a significant association between rs4454537 polymorphisms and body mass index of &lt;25 kg/m2. Additionally, the association between GREM2 rs4454537 polymorphism and clinical characteristics was assessed, which showed that this locus decreased the bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal osteoporotic individuals. Furthermore, individuals with CC genotype appeared to have a higher GREM2 expression compared with those bearing the TT genotype of rs4454537 polymorphism. However, the genotype distribution of rs4454537 polymorphism showed no statistical difference between osteoporotic patients as a function of fracture status. In summary, GREM2 rs4454537 polymorphism decreases BMD and increases osteoporotic risk in postmenopausal women.
Does a Systematic Vocal Exercise Program Enhance the Physiologic Range of Voice Production in Classical Singing Graduate-Level Students?
Authors: Guzman Marco , Angadi Vrushali , Croake Daniel , Catalan Christopher , Romero Constanza , Acuña Gabriela , Quezada Camilo , Andreatta Richard , Stemple Joseph 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of vocal function exercises (VFEs) on the physiologic range of the operatic voice. The primary outcome measure was total voice range profile (VRP) area.

Method
Forty graduate-level opera majors were randomly assigned to experimental (training with VFE + vocal hygiene) and control (vocal hygiene only) groups. All participants underwent an acoustic voice assessment (modified VRP) pre and post 10 weeks of the assigned intervention. VRP total area was calculated and compared between and within the two groups. The total VRP area was subsequently divided into three area thirds (low, medium, and high).

Results
A significant improvement (increase) was observed in the VFE group for the primary outcome measure of VRP area when pre- and postvoice conditions were compared for total area, upper third, and middle third. No significant improvement was found in the vocal hygiene–only group.

Conclusion
Vocal training with VFEs over a 10-week period demonstrated positive effects on physiologic voice range as evidenced by an increase in the total VRP area and therefore may enhance the potential of those who already have professional voice training.
Vorhofflimmern: Wie wichtig ist der Erhalt des Sinusrhythmus?
Authors: Meyer Christian , Metzner Andreas , Kirchhof Paulus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRhythm control therapy, comprising antiarrhythmic drugs, cardioversion, and AF ablation, is an important component in the management of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Catheter ablation for AF, mainly targeting isolation of the pulmonary veins (AF ablation), has markedly improved the effectiveness of rhythm control therapy. Rhythm control improves symptoms and quality of life in patients with symptomatic AF. AF ablation maintains sinus rhythm more effectively than antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Antiarrhythmic drugs remain effective after AF ablation, underpinning the synergistic mechanisms of action of AF ablation and antiarrhythmic drugs. Different lifestyle interventions might additionally improve symptoms and rhythm stability in patients with AF. AF ablation appears to improve left ventricular function in a subset of patients. Summarized, rhythm control therapy in patients with symptomatic AF is safe and improves quality of life, including elderly patients with stroke risk factors. Further studies are needed to determine whether rhythm control therapy reduces AF-related complications while improving patient outcome with regard to prognosis.
Internistische Sonografie des Abdomens für Notaufnahmepatienten: Bietet eine vollständige Abdominalsonografie Vorteile?
Authors: Schiele Günter Maximilian , Pobiruchin Monika , Weickert Uwe 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Sollten Notaufnahmepatienten mit bauchbezogenen Beschwerden einer fokussierten Sonografie zugeführt werden oder bietet eine vollständige Abdominalsonografie Vorteile?
Methoden Retrospektive Analyse konsekutiver Notfallsonografien von 06/2012 bis 06/2013. Alle Patienten erhielten eine vollständige Abdominalsonografie. Die Befunde der vollständigen Sonografie wurden mit denjenigen verglichen, die eine auf die Beschwerden fokussierte Sonografie detektiert hätte, deren Untersuchungsgebiet von der jeweiligen Indikation abhing. Befunde wurden als relevant betrachtet, wenn sie zu diagnostischen oder therapeutischen Konsequenzen führten.Es wurden Sensitivität und negativ prädiktiver Wert der fokussierten Sonografie bezogen auf relevante Befunde und geklärte Fragestellungen im Vergleich zur Abdominalsonografie (= Standard) berechnet.
Ergebnisse 629 Patienten erhielten Notfallsonografien (53 % Frauen). Das durchschnittliche Alter betrug 59 Jahre (18–97). Die fokussierte Sonografie entdeckte bei 63 % der Patienten (396/629) relevante Befunde. Bei 17 % (106/629) führte die vollständige Abdominalsonografie zu zusätzlichen relevanten Befunden. Die number needed to scan (NNScan) betrug 6 für einen zusätzlichen relevanten Befund. Die Sensitivität der fokussierten Sonografie bezüglich relevanter Befunde betrug 76 %, der negativ prädiktive Wert lag bei 64 %. Die Fragestellung konnte durch die fokussierte Sonografie in 57 % geklärt werden. Vollständige Sonografien klärten die Fragestellung in 63 %. Die NNScan lag bei 18.Die Klärung der Fragestellung hing von der Indikation ab (90 % bei Ikterus und 45 % bei Schmerzen im linken oberen Quadranten) und nahm mit dem Alter der Patienten zu (37 % in der zweiten und 85 % in der zehnten Dekade).
Diskussion Vollständige Abdominalsonografien entdecken bei Notaufnahmepatienten mit bauchbezogenen Beschwerden mehr relevante Befunde und führen häufiger zu einer Klärung der Fragestellung als fokussierte Sonografien.
Changes in Maternal Body Mass Index, Weight Gain and Outcome of Singleton Pregnancies from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Noever Kathrin , Schubert Julia , Reuschel Edith , Timmesfeld Nina , Arabin Birgit 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) affect the outcomes of women and their offspring. Our aim was to evaluate population-based data from Germany.
Material and Methods Data from 583 633/791 514 mother-child pairs obtained from the perinatal database in Hesse for the period from 2000 to 2015 were used after excluding incomplete or non-plausible datasets. Early-stage pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) and GWG were evaluated. Significant outcome changes were calculated using linear or logistic regression models.
Results The mean maternal age increased from 29.9 to 31.28 years; GWG increased from 445.1 to 457.2 g/week (p < 0.01). Similarly, rates for both overweight and obesity rose from 31.5 to 37.5% (p < 0.001). Cesarean section rates rose from 22.8 to 33.2% (p < 0.001) and rates of postpartum hemorrhage increased from 0.6 to 1% (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in the rates for stillbirth or perinatal mortality (p = 0.92 and p = 0.53 respectively), but there was an increase in the rates of admissions to neonatal intensive care units from 7.8 to 9.5% (p < 0.0001). The percentage of newborns with an Apgar score of < 7 at 5 minutes increased from 1 to 1.1% (p < 0.01) and the rate of neonates with an umbilical artery pH of < 7.1 rose from 1.7 to 2.4% (p < 0.01).
Conclusions In just 15 years, pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG rates of women with singleton pregnancies have increased, and this increase has been accompanied by a significant rise in the rate of cesarean sections and a significant worsening of short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes. It is time to discuss the risks and the short-term and more worrying long-term consequences for mothers and their offspring and the future impact on our healthcare system.
Luft- versus Landrettung bei Kindernotfällen
Authors: Koc Lisa , Wolf Gerhard K. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Studie wurden Flug- und Bodenrettungseinsätze bei pädiatrischen Patienten in einer alpinen Region verglichen. Untersucht wurden Diagnosen, Einsatzzeiten, Interventionen, Schweregrade sowie Follow-up-Daten.
Ergebnisse 1) Beobachtet wurden 2 Altersgipfel, 0 – 2 Jahre und 13 – 15 Jahre; 2) chirurgische Notfälle waren häufiger in der Flugrettung, internistische und neurologische Notfälle sowie Intoxikationen zeigten keinen Unterschied; 3) Anfahrt- und Transportzeiten waren in der Bodenrettung signifikant kürzer, die Behandlungsdauer vor Ort war gleich; 4) über 20% aller Patienten hatten NACA-Werte von 1 oder 2, die den Notarzteinsatz nicht rechtfertigen; 5) über 50% der Patienten in der Flugrettung hatten nur einen NACA-Wert (NACA: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) von 3; und 6) knapp ein Drittel aller Patienten wurden bereits am Aufnahmetag wieder entlassen. In der retrospektiven Betrachtung erscheint der Anteil der Übertriagierung damit hoch. Möglichkeiten einer verbesserten Triagierung könnten ein genaueres Abfragen des Meldebildes, verbesserte Kommunikation mit den bereits eingetroffenen Rettungskräften und Telemedizin zwischen Leitstelle und Einsatzort sein.
Isoliquiritigenin Nanosuspension Enhances Cytostatic Effects in A549 Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Qiao Fangxia , Zhao Yue , Mai Yaping , Guo Jueshuo , Dong Luning , Zhang Wannian , Yang Jianhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIsoliquiritigenin, a flavonoid extracted from licorice root, has been shown to be active against most cancer cells; however, its antitumor activity is limited by its poor water solubility. The aim of this study was to develop a stable isoliquiritigenin nanosuspension for enhanced solubility and to evaluate its in vitro cytostatic activity in A549 cells. The nanosuspension of isoliquiritigenin was prepared through wet media milling with HPC SSL (hydroxypropyl cellulose-SSL) and PVP K30 (polyinylpyrrolidone-K30) as stabilizers, and the samples were then characterized according to particle size, zeta-potential, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and in vitro release. The isoliquiritigenin nanosuspension prepared with HPC SSL and PVP K30 had particle sizes of 238.1 ± 4.9 nm and 354.1 ± 9.1 nm, respectively. Both nanosuspensions showed a surface charge of approximately − 20 mV and a lamelliform or ellipse shape. The dissolution of isoliquiritigenin from the 2 nanosuspensions was markedly higher than that of free isoliquiritigenin. In vitro studies on A549 cells indicated that the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake significantly improved after treatment with both nanosuspensions in comparison to the isoliquiritigenin solution. Furthermore, cell apoptosis analysis showed a 7.5 – 10-fold increase in the apoptosis rate induced by both nanosuspensions compared with pure drug. However, the cytotoxicity of pure drug and nanosuspension on normal cells (HELF) was lower, which indicated both isoliquiritigenin nanosuspensions have low toxicity to normal cells. Therefore, the isoliquiritigenin nanosuspension prepared with HPC SSL and PVP K30 as stabilizers may be a promising approach to improve the solubility and cytostatic activity of isoliquiritigenin.
Multiple Sclerosis in Children: Current and Emerging Concepts
Authors: Brenton J. Nicholas , Kammeyer Ryan , Gluck Lauren , Schreiner Teri , Makhani Naila 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is being increasingly recognized and diagnosed in children. In the past several years, advances have been made in diagnosing multiple sclerosis in children, identifying new genetic and environmental risk factors, delineating underlying immunobiology, characterizing imaging findings, and implementing new treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss these advances. Future research into the determinants of multiple sclerosis in children and into new treatment options will be aided by continued international collaboration.
Assessment of Thrombotic and Bleeding Tendency in Two Mouse Models of Chronic Kidney Disease: Adenine-Diet and 5/6th Nephrectomy
Authors: Makhloufi Camélia , Crescence Lydie , Darbousset Roxane , McKay Nathalie , Massy Ziad A. , Dubois Christophe , Panicot-Dubois Laurence , Burtey Stéphane , Poitevin Stéphane 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe coexistence of bleeding and thrombosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequent and poorly understood. Mouse models are essential to understand complications of CKD and to develop new therapeutic approaches improving the health of patients. We evaluated the hemostasis in two models of renal insufficiency: adenine-diet and 5/6th nephrectomy (5/6Nx). Compared with 5/6Nx mice, mice fed with 0.25% adenine had more severe renal insufficiency and so higher levels of prothrombotic uremic toxins like indoxyl sulfate. More severe renal inflammation and fibrosis were observed in the adenine group, as demonstrated by histological and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments. Liver fibrinogen γ chain expression and level of plasma fibrinogen were increased only in adenine mice. In both CKD mouse models, tissue factor (TF) expression was increased in kidney and aorta extracts. Immunochemistry analysis of kidney sections showed that TF is localized in the vascular walls. Thrombin–antithrombin complexes were significantly increased in plasma from both adenine and 5/6Nx mice. Tail bleeding time increased significantly only in adenine mice, whereas platelet count was not significant altered. Finally, results obtained by intravital microscopy after laser-induced endothelial injury showed impaired platelet function in adenine mice and an increase in fibrin generation in 5/6Nx mice. To summarize, adenine diet causes a more severe renal insufficiency compared with 5/6Nx. The TF upregulation and the hypercoagulable state were observed in both CKD models. Bleeding tendency was observed only in the adenine model of CKD that recapitulates the whole spectrum of hemostasis abnormalities observed in advanced human CKD.
Assessment of Flexion Elongation Relation and Type of Failure after Capsulodesis
Authors: Bakker Daniel , Kraan Gerald A. , Mathijssen Nina M. C. , Colaris Joost W. , Kleinrensink Gert-Jan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Injury of the scapholunate interosseous ligament is the most frequently diagnosed cause of carpal instability and can be treated with a Mayo capsulodesis procedure. During this procedure, a radially based flap of the dorsal radiocarpal complex is attached to the lunate. The procedure attempts to reduce flexion of the scaphoid and restore the scapholunate relationship by crossing the scapholunate interval. To obtain a better understanding of the biomechanical properties and possibly improve the postoperative rehabilitation process, a better understanding of the reconstructions biomechanics is needed.
Methods Ten dorsal intercarpal ligament capsulodesis were performed on embalmed wrists to assess the flexion elongation relation at the dorsal intercarpal reconstruction, the dorsal intercarpal complex, and the type of failure during flexion of the wrist.
Results The mean elongation of the dorsal intercarpal reconstruction at 70-degree flexion was 0.8 mm. During flexion, the dorsal intercarpal reconstruction showed no ligament tears or failure of the bone anchor. The mean elongation of the dorsal intercarpal complex was 3.9 mm at 70 degrees. During subsequent repeated flexion, four sutures to connect the dorsal intercarpal complex to the surrounding tissue loosened between 55 and 60 degrees.
Conclusions These findings suggest that capsulodesis can safely withstand flexion of the wrist until 50 degrees.
Clinical Relevance Clinicians should consider the opportunity to start early with controlled active motion.
Level of Evidence Not applicable.
Unintended Consequences Following the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Change for Palivizumab Prophylaxis among Infants Born at Less than 29 Weeks' Gestation
Authors: Goldstein Mitchell , Krilov Leonard R. , Fergie Jaime , Brannman Lance , Wade Sally W. , Kong Amanda M. , Ambrose Christopher S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to compare outpatient respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis (IP) use and relative RSV hospitalization (RSVH) rates for infants <29 weeks' gestational age (wGA) versus term infants before and after the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy change.
Study Design Infants were identified in the MarketScan Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid databases. Outpatient RSV IP receipt and relative <29 wGA/term hospitalization risks in 2012 to 2014 and 2014 to 2016 were assessed using rate ratios and a difference-in-difference model.
Results Outpatient RSV IP receipt by infants <29 wGA and aged <3 months in the Commercial and Medicaid populations and those aged 3 to <6 months in the Medicaid population declined after 2014. Relative RSVH risks for infants <29 wGA were numerically greater after 2014, with infants aged <3 months and Medicaid infants experiencing the greatest increases. Difference-in-difference results indicated a significantly increased relative risk of RSVH for infants <29 wGA versus term (both cohorts aged 0 to <6 months) in the Medicaid-insured population (1.68, p = 0.0054). A nonsignificant increase of similar magnitude occurred in the commercially insured population (1.57, p = 0.2867).
Conclusion The 2014 policy change was associated with a decrease in RSV IP use and an increase in RSVH risk among otherwise healthy infants <29 wGA.
Aerosol–photolysis interaction reduces particulate matter during wintertime haze events
Authors: Wu Jiarui , Bei Naifang , Hu Bo , Liu Suixin , Wang Yuan , Shen Zhenxing , Li Xia , Liu Lang , Wang Ruonan , Liu Zirui , Cao Junji , Tie Xuexi , Molina Luisa T. , Li Guohui 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Aerosol–radiation interaction (ARI) not only constitutes one of the major uncertainties in climate prediction, but also significantly deteriorates particulate matter (PM) pollution during heavy haze events. However, modification of photolysis caused by aerosol absorbing and/or scattering solar radiation (referred to as aerosol–photolysis interaction or API) changes atmospheric oxidizing capability and influences secondary aerosol formation. The synergetic effect of API and ARI on PM pollution is quantitatively assessed during a persistent heavy haze episode from a modeling perspective in the study. The results reveal that API hinders secondary aerosol formation and substantially mitigates the PM pollution caused by ARI. Future research on the radiative forcing of API is essential to improve the understanding of the aerosol climate effect.