bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenging the Culture of Consumer Capitalism
Authors: Clark Shannan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 explores the white-collar insurgents’ efforts to create viable alternatives to the culture of consumer capitalism. These impulses found expression in new media ventures that were launched in New York between 1936 and 1940, including Consumers Union, the advertising-free daily tabloid newspaper PM, the weekly newsletter In Fact, and the weekly photo-journalistic magazine Friday. Through these initiatives, radicalized culture workers propagated the Popular Front’s vision of social consumerism by encouraging Americans to purchase union-made goods, participate in consumer cooperatives, harbor deep skepticism toward advertising claims, use graded or generic goods instead of typical branded goods when possible, and demand an increase in the public provisioning of goods and services. In addition, these endeavors also provided writers, artists, and other members of the creative class with opportunities for greater autonomy in their work.
Cost-Effectiveness and Outcomes of Direct Access to Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorders Compared to Physician-First Access in the United States: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hon Sandra , Ritter Richard , Allen Diane D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Direct access to physical therapy provides an alternative to physician-first systems for patients who need physical therapy for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Direct access across multiple countries and the United States (US) military services has produced improved functional outcomes and/or cost-effectiveness at clinical and health care system levels; however, data remain scarce from civilian health care systems within the United States. The purpose of this study was to compare evidence regarding costs and clinical outcomes between direct access and physician-first systems in US civilian health services.

Methods
A database search of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Reviews, and PEDro was conducted through May 2019. Studies were selected if they specified civilian US, physical therapy for MSDs, direct access or physician-first, and extractable outcomes for cost, function, or number of physical therapy visits. Studies were excluded if interventions utilized early or delayed physical therapy access compared with physician-first. Five retrospective studies met the criteria. Means and standard deviations for functional outcomes, cost, and number of visits were extracted, converted to effect sizes (d) and 95% CI, and combined into grand effect sizes using fixed-effect or random-effects models depending on significance of the Q heterogeneity statistic.

Results
Direct access to physical therapy showed reduced physical therapy costs (d = −0.23; 95% CI = −0.35 to −0.11), total health care costs (d = −0.19; 95% CI = −0.32 to −0.07), and number of physical therapy visits (d = −0.17; 95% CI = −0.29 to −0.05) compared to physician-first systems. Disability decreased in both direct access (d = −1.78; 95% CI = −2.28 to −1.29) and physician-first (d = −0.89; 95% CI = −0.92 to −0.85) groups; functional outcome improved significantly more with direct access (z score = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.40 to 1.39).

Conclusions
Direct access to physical therapy is more cost-effective, resulting in fewer visits than physician-first access in the United States, with greater functional improvement.

Impact
These findings within civilian US health care services support a cost-effective health care access alternative for spine-related MSDs and can inform health care policy makers.
Effects of management system on beef heifer growth and reproductive performance
Authors: Henley Parker A , Ireland Frank A , Canisso Igor F , Edwards J Lannett , Shike Daniel W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of heifer development system on body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), fescue toxicosis symptoms, reproductive performance, and subsequent calf growth of fall-calving beef heifers. Angus × Simmental heifers [n = 399; 240 ± 20.0 kg initial BW; age = 252 ± 20 d] were stratified by BW and BCS and assigned to 1 of 12 groups in each of the two production years. The study utilized a stratified randomized design. Pens were randomly assigned to four treatments: drylot (DL) development (fed ad-libitum diet consisting of 90% hay and 10% DDGS on a dry matter basis), grazing endophyte-infected fescue supplemented daily (2.3 kg as-fed/heifer/d; 50:50 mix of soybean hulls and DDGS; E+/S), grazing endophyte-infected fescue and supplemented from the midpoint of treatment period until breeding (4.5 kg as-fed/heifer/d; 50:50 mix of soybean hulls and DDGS; E+/LS), and grazing novel endophyte-infected fescue with no supplement (NE+/NS). Treatments ceased on d 168 [time of artificial insemination (AI)] and heifers were commingled and managed as a group through second breeding season. Heifers in DL had greatest (P ≤ 0.05) BW and BCS from d 28 until d 254. Furthermore, E+/S heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.05) BW and BCS than both E+/LS and NE+/NS from d 28 until d 168. On d 56 and 84, E+/LS heifers had lower (P ≤ 0.05) BW and BCS compared to NE+/NS, but on d 148 treatments reranked and E+/LS remained at a greater (P ≤ 0.05) BW and BCS compared to NE+/NS through the first breeding season. Drylot heifers had greatest (P ≤ 0.05) percentage cycling and percentage of mature BW at AI (66.6%) and had greater (P ≤ 0.05) AI and overall pregnancy rates compared to E+/LS and NE+/NS. The E+/S (55%) and E+/LS (53.7%) heifers were developed to a greater (P &lt; 0.01) percentage of mature BW than NE+/NS (49.3%). A greater (P ≤ 0.02) percentage of DL and E+/S heifers were pregnant at the end of the first breeding season (89.3 and 85.1%; respectively) compared to NE+/NS (61.5%). In summary, DL heifers had the greatest BW and BCS at AI, percentage cycling, and AI pregnancy rate. However, this strategy did not result in differing overall pregnancy rates between DL, E+/S, and E+/LS and there were no differences in milk production, rebreeding reproductive performance, and calf performance between all treatments. Finally, the poorest AI and overall pregnancy rates of the NE+/NS heifers suggests this is not a viable development strategy for fall-born heifers.
Immunobridging efficacy of a tetravalent dengue vaccine against dengue and against hospitalized dengue from children/adolescents to adults in highly endemic countries
Authors: Huang Ying , Moodie Zoe , Juraska Michal , Fong Youyi , Carpp Lindsay N , Chambonneau Laurent , Coronel Diana L , Dayan Gustavo H , DiazGranados Carlos A , Gilbert Peter B 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe recombinant tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccine based on the YF 17D vaccine virus backbone (CYD-TDV) demonstrated vaccine efficacy (VE) against symptomatic, virologically confirmed dengue of any serotype from month 13 to month 25 (VCD-DENV-AnyM13→M25) in the CYD14 (2–14-y-olds) and CYD15 (9–16-y-olds) phase 3 trials. Fifty percent plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) titers are a potential surrogate for immunobridging VE to adults.MethodsUsing PRNT50 calibration datasets, we applied immunobridging approaches using baseline and/or M13 PRNT50 titers to estimate VE against VCD-DENV-AnyM0→M25 and against hospitalized VCD (HVCD)-DENV-AnyM0→M72 in hypothetical 18–45-y-old and 46–50-y-old CYD14 and CYD15 cohorts.ResultsBaseline and M13 geometric mean PRNT50 titers were greater in 18–45-y-olds and in 46–50-y-olds vs 9–16-y-olds for most comparisons. Estimated VE (95% CIs against VCD-DENV-AnyM0→M25 ranged from 75.3% to 90.9% (52.5% to 100%) for 18–45-y-olds and 74.8% to 92.0% (53.4% to 100%) for 46–50-y-olds. Estimated VE (95% CIs) against HVCD-DENV-AnyM0→M72 ranged from 58.8% to 78.1% (40.9 to 98.9%) for 18–45-y-olds and 57.2% to 78.4% (40.5 to 97.6%) for 46–50-y-olds. Corresponding predictions among baseline-seropositive individuals yielded comparable or higher VE estimates.ConclusionsVE M0→M25 against DENV-Any and VE against HVCD-DENV-AnyM0→M72 are both expected to be higher in 18–45 and 46–50-y-olds vs CYD14 and CYD15 9–16-y-olds.
Epidemiology and challenges of dengue surveillance in the WHO South-East Asia Region
Authors: Tsheten Tsheten , Gray Darren J , Clements Archie C A , Wangdi Kinley 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDengue poses a significant health and economic burden in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Approaches for control need to be aligned with current knowledge on the epidemiology of dengue in the region. Such knowledge will ensure improved targeting of interventions to reduce dengue incidence and its socioeconomic impact. This review was undertaken to describe the contemporary epidemiology of dengue and critically analyse the existing surveillance strategies in the region. Over recent decades, dengue incidence has continued to increase with geographical expansion. The region has now become hyper-endemic for multiple dengue virus serotypes/genotypes. Every epidemic cycle was associated with a change of predominant serotype/genotype and this was often associated with severe disease with intense transmission. Classical larval indices are widely used in vector surveillance and adult mosquito samplings are not implemented as a part of routine surveillance. Further, there is a lack of integration of entomological and disease surveillance systems, often leading to inaction or delays in dengue prevention and control. Disease surveillance does not capture all cases, resulting in under-reporting, and has thus failed to adequately represent the true burden of disease in the region. Possible solutions include incorporating adult mosquito sampling into routine vector surveillance, the establishment of laboratory-based sentinel surveillance, integrated vector and dengue disease surveillance and climate-based early warning systems using available technologies like mobile apps.
J-curve relationship between admission SBP and 2-year cardiovascular mortality in older patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Jiang Chunyan , Wu Shanshan , Wang Man , Zhao Xueqiao , Li Hongwei 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To investigate the relationship between admission SBP and subsequent cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in older patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods:
This is a retrospective observational study. Data from the CBD Bank (Cardiovascular Center Beijing Friendship Hospital Database Bank) were used to analyze the cardiovascular and all-cause mortality during hospitalization and over the follow-up period in relation to admission SBP among patients aged at least 65 years admitted for ACS from December 2012 through July 2019. Results were presented according to SBP quartiles: Q1, less than 120 mmHg; Q2, from 120 to 129 mmHg; Q3, from 130 to 143 mmHg; and Q4, at or above 144 mmHg.

Results:
A total of 6785 patients were included in this cohort study. Mean (SD) patient age was 74.0 (6.5) years, and 47.6% were women. Mean (SD) follow-up time was 2.54 (1.82) years. A nonlinear relation was observed between SBP at admission and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality during hospitalization and over the follow-up period using restricted cubic splines. After adjustment for potential confounders, patients in Q1 had higher risk for 2-year cardiovascular death by Cox proportional hazard model compared with patients in Q2 [hazard ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12–2.21, P = 0.009], whereas patients in Q3 or Q4 exhibited a trend towards increased risk for 2-year cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 1.33, 95% CI, 0.95–1.86, P = 0.094, for Q3 vs. Q2; and hazard ratio, 1.28, 95% CI, 0.91–1.82, P = 0.160, for Q4 vs. Q2). Meanwhile, when compared with patients in Q1, patients in Q2 had lower risk for 2-year cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45–0.89, P = 0.009) whereas patients in Q3 or Q4 had similar risk for cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 0.85, 95% CI, 0.63–1.14, P = 0.272, for Q3 vs. Q1; and hazard ratio, 0.82, 95% CI, 0.59–1.13, P = 0.221, for Q4 vs. Q1). However, low-admission SBP was not an independent predictor of 2-year all-cause mortality in this population.

Conclusion:
Among patients aged at least 65 years admitted for ACS, there is a J-curve relationship between supine admission SBP and risk for 2-year cardiovascular death, with a nadir at 120–129 mmHg.
A Within-Subjects Comparison of Clinical Outcomes for Patients' First and Second Concussions
Authors: French Jonathan , Jennings Sabrina , Eagle Shawn R. , Collins Michael W. , Kontos Anthony P. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To examine the difference between an individual's first and second concussion using a comprehensive, multidomain assessment including symptoms, neurocognitive, vestibular, ocular, and individual demographic and medical history risk factors associated with protracted recovery.

Setting:
Concussion Specialty Clinic.

Participants:
Seventy-three patients (aged 13-21 years; 57% female) diagnosed with 2 separate concussions (380.5 ± 278.7 days between injuries) from August 2016 to August 2018.

Design:
Retrospective within-subjects cohort study.

Main Measures:
ImPACT, PCSS, and Vestibular-Ocular Motor Screen (VOMS) at each visit. Patients were divided into “normal” (≤30 days) and “protracted” recovery (>30 days) for χ2 analyses.

Results:
There were no differences between the first and second injuries in recovery time, VOMS, visual and verbal memory, or reaction time. Visual motor speed scores were higher at the second injury time point and reported sleep symptoms were higher at the first injury time point. In addition, participants reported to the clinic on average 3 days earlier for an evaluation for their second injury. Results from χ2 analyses indicated that female sex predicted protracted recovery (>30 days) from concussion at the first injury time point (OR = 4.1; 95% CI, 1.5-11.6; P = .006).

Conclusions:
The findings provide preliminary evidence that there is no clinical difference between patients' first and second concussions when both injuries were treated through a concussion specialty clinic.
Predictors of Concussion Outcomes in Individuals With ADHD
Authors: Lambert Maude , Marshall Cameron , Holahan Matthew R. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
To describe and delineate the epidemiological profile of concussion injuries in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by identifying characteristics associated with poorer outcomes.

Setting:
One hundred forty-four multidisciplinary concussion-specialized clinics across Canada.

Participants:
Two hundred twenty-two individuals with a diagnosis of ADHD aged 7 to 53 years who sustained a concussion within the last year.

Design:
Multicenter cohort study.

Main Measures:
Candidate predictor variables (ie, age, sex, concussion history, loss of consciousness, and internalized and learning disorder comorbidities) were collected through oral interviews. Concussion outcomes (ie, symptom severity and total number of symptoms experienced) were assessed with the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool.

Results:
Older age, female sex, and the presence of an internalized disorder predicted poorer concussion outcomes in individuals with ADHD. Males with ADHD reported significantly worse concussion outcomes with increasing age, while outcomes remained fairly stable across age in females.

Conclusion:
The current findings represent a promising step toward the optimization of concussion management in individuals with ADHD. With a more thorough understanding of the demographic and comorbidity variables, clinical care decisions and intervention strategies can be developed to help individuals with ADHD who might be at a higher risk of poorer outcomes following a concussion.
Healthcare Utilization Following Traumatic Brain Injury in a Large National Sample
Authors: Albrecht Jennifer S. , Wickwire Emerson M. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on healthcare utilization (HCU) over a 1-year period in a large national sample of individuals diagnosed with TBI across multiple care settings.

Setting:
Commercial insurance enrollees.

Participants:
Individuals with and without TBI, 2008-2014.

Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Main Measures:
We compared the change in the 12-month sum of inpatient, outpatient, emergency department (ED), and prescription HCU from pre-TBI to post-TBI to the same change among a non-TBI control group. Most rehabilitation visits were not included. We stratified models by age ≥65 and included the month of TBI in subanalysis.

Results:
There were 207 354 individuals in the TBI cohort and 414 708 individuals in the non-TBI cohort. Excluding the month of TBI diagnosis, TBI resulted in a slight increase in outpatient visits (rate ratio [RtR] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.06) but decrease in inpatient HCU (RtR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.84-0.88). Including the month of TBI in the models resulted in increased inpatient (RtR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.52-1.58) and ED HCU (RtR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.34-1.40).

Conclusion:
In this population of individuals who maintained insurance coverage following TBI, results suggest that TBI may have a limited impact on nonrehabilitation HCU at the population level.
Long-Term Intellectual Function After Traumatic Brain Injury in Very Young Children
Authors: Crowe Louise M. , Catroppa Cathy , Babl Franz E. , Godfrey Celia , Anderson Vicki 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To investigate long-term intellectual function following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in early childhood and to identify the contribution of injury and environment to outcome.

Participants:
Fifty children younger than 3 years with a diagnosis of accidental TBI were recruited through a pediatric hospital emergency department. Children with TBI were compared with a group (n = 33) of typically developing children (TDC) matched on demographics.

Design:
Longitudinal, single-site, case-control study.

Measures:
Children completed intellectual assessments (IQ) at 4.5 to 5.5 years of age (average 3.5 years after TBI) and at 7.5 to 9 years of age (average 6.5 years after TBI). Information on injury and environmental predictors of outcome was collected.

Results:
IQ scores for all groups were in the average range; however, children with TBI of any severity had lower scores than TDC at both time points. There was some suggestion of children with TBI achieving lower verbal IQ scores over time than TDC. IQ scores were predicted by family environment, not injury characteristics.

Conclusions:
A TBI in early childhood is associated with lower IQ scores that persist several years postinjury. Socioeconomic status is an influential factor on IQ at 6.5 years post-TBI.
miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury: Pathway From Diagnosis to Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Herrold Amy A. , Kletzel Sandra L. , Foecking Eileen M. , Saban Karen L. , Przybycien–Szymanska Magdalena M. , Zilliox Michael , Bhaumik Dulal , Lange Dustin , Radke Jay R. , Salinas Ilse , Bender Pape Theresa L. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Biomarkers that can advance precision neurorehabilitation of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) are needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have biological properties that could make them well suited for playing key roles in differential diagnoses and prognoses and informing likelihood of responsiveness to specific treatments.

Objective:
To review the evidence of miRNA alterations after TBI and evaluate the state of science relative to potential neurorehabilitation applications of TBI-specific miRNAs.

Methods:
This scoping review includes 57 animal and human studies evaluating miRNAs after TBI. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines were used.

Results:
Gold standard analytic steps for miRNA biomarker assessment are presented. Published studies evaluating the evidence for miRNAs as potential biomarkers for TBI diagnosis, severity, natural recovery, and treatment-induced outcomes were reviewed including statistical evaluation. Growing evidence for specific miRNAs, including miR21, as TBI biomarkers is presented.

Conclusions:
There is evidence of differential miRNA expression in TBI in both human and animal models; however, gaps need to be filled in terms of replication using rigorous, standardized methods to isolate a consistent set of miRNA changes. Longitudinal studies in TBI are needed to understand how miRNAs could be implemented as biomarkers in clinical practice.
Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment for Obstructive Sleep Apnea–Hypopnea Syndrome on Corneal Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Chalkiadaki Evangelia , Andreanos Konstantinos , Karmiris Efthymios , Mani Aikaterini , Kastanakis Emmanouil , Amfilochiou Anastasia , Papaconstantinou Dimitrios , Koutsandrea Chrysanthi , Georgalas Ilias 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on corneal endothelial morphometry and pachymetry in patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Methods:
This prospective, observational study included patients with OSAHS who were evaluated right before and after the commencement of CPAP treatment. Each patient underwent a detailed ophthalmologic examination and assessment of their corneal endothelium with a noncontact specular microscope (Tomey EM-3000; Tomey Corp). Endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation of cell area (CV), hexagonal cell appearance ratio (%Hex), and central corneal thickness were measured. The post-CPAP results were compared with the results of a control group. The differences in the corneal parameters between pre- and post-CPAP therapy of the OSAHS group were correlated with the pretreatment polysomnography results.

Results:
Twenty-seven distinct eyes of 27 patients recently diagnosed with OSAHS and 30 eyes of 30 healthy individuals were used for the statistical analysis. The mean age of patients with OSAHS was 54.2 ± 11.8 years, and after 9.6 months (range 3–18 mo) of good adherence to CPAP treatment, their CV values, indicating polymegathism, decreased from 41.7 ± 8.7 to 38.3 ± 5.8 (P = 0.04), whereas %Hex, indicating pleomorphism, increased from 45.8% ± 8.2% to 48.4% ± 6.6% (P = 0.008). Their post-CPAP corneal parameters did not differ significantly from those of the control group (P > 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between the decrease in CV and the duration of the treatment (Rs = 0.566, P = 0.002), as well as the pre-CPAP nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep percentage (Rs = 0.459, P = 0.02). A negative correlation was noted between the decrease in CV and the percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Rs = −0.459, P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Better oxygenation during sleep, resulting from increased CPAP adherence, had a significant influence on corneal endothelium, providing an improvement in corneal polymegathism and pleomorphism, with a potential return of CV and %Hex to their normal values. Greater improvement in polymegathism was observed in patients with greater proportion of NREM sleep.
Association Between Proportion of Workday Treating COVID-19 and Depression, Anxiety, and PTSD Outcomes in US Physicians
Authors: Gainer Danielle M. , Nahhas Ramzi W. , Bhatt Nita V. , Merrill Autumnn , McCormack Julie 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
The primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between time spent treating patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and levels of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in US physicians.

Methods:
The authors conducted an anonymous online survey of US physicians. Linear regression was used to test the association between proportion of day treating COVID-19 and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD.

Results:
In a sample of 1724 US physicians, proportion of day treating COVID-19 was positively and significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD scores (P < 0.001 for each).

Conclusions:
Mental health resources should be provided to physicians who treat COVID-19 because the proportion of day treating COVID-19 is associated with depression, anxiety, and PTSD outcomes.