bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between prenatal ultrasound signs and genetic abnormalities for fetal malformations of cortical development
Authors: Chen JunYa , Zhu Rong , Pan Hong , Ma YiNan , Zhu Ying , Liu LiLi , Hou XinLin , Haratz Karina Krajden 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo explore the relationship between ultrasound signs of suspected fetal malformation of cortical development (MCD) and genetic MCD.The retrospective study involved fetuses with one of the following 10 neurosonography (NSG) signs: (A) abnormal development of the Sylvian fissure; (B) delayed achievement of cortical milestones; (C) premature or aberrant appearance of sulcation; (D) irregular border of the ventricular wall or irregular shape of the ventricle; (E) abnormal shape or orientation of the sulci; (F) hemispheric asymmetry; (G) non-continuous cerebral cortex; (H) intraparenchymal echogenic nodules; (I) persistent ganglionic eminence (GE) or GE cavitation; (J) abnormal cortical lamination.95 fetuses were included in the study. Chromosomal microarray (CMA) combined with exome sequencing (ES) was available in 40 fetuses, CMA was abnormal in nine and ES in 22. Sign C (7/7, 100%), sign H (2/2, 100%), sign A (18/19, 94.7%), and sign B (12/13, 92.3%) were the signs leading to the highest probability of genetic MCD. The incidence of genetic MCD for sign E, sign I, and sign D was 66.7–73.7%. Only one or none of the fetuses with sign J, sign F, or sign G underwent CMA+ES. The signs in the fetuses with FGFR3, CCND2, FLNA, or TSC2 mutations had the expected features. The other fetuses with different gene mutations showed several non-specific NSG signs.Several reliable signs for genetic MCD can be detected by NSG, and the probability varies with different signs. Most signs are not associated with a specific gene. Therefore, CMA combined with ES is preferred.
Intercostal Nerve Cryoablation as an Effective Pain Management Strategy in the Nuss Procedure: Reducing Opioid Use and Hospital Stay
Authors: Santana Lisgelia , Abels Mario , Driggers John , Carvalho Norman 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction Erector spinae plane (ESP) blocks, thoracic epidural, and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) have all been used for perioperative pain management in the Nuss procedure without a consensus on what modality produces the best outcomes. Intercostal nerve cryoablation (INC) is a relatively new modality that involves freezing the nerves to prevent pain during recovery. Our hypothesis is that using INC for the Nuss procedure will decrease opioid use, pain scores, and length of stay (LOS) but will increase cost compared with ESP block, thoracic epidural, and PCA.
Materials and Methods This retrospective, observational study compared 108 patients who underwent the Nuss procedure at a pediatric acute care children's hospital in the southeast US. Patient charts were evaluated for significant differences in LOS, opioid use, and reported pain ratings based on type of analgesia administered: INC (n = 30), ESP block (n = 19), thoracic epidural (n = 41), and PCA (n = 18). Secondary variables included emergency department visits, readmissions, opioid refills, and various anesthetic and operative costs. Analysis of variance was performed on all outcome measures.
Results Average LOS was significantly decreased in the INC group (2.9 days) compared with the thoracic epidural (4.7 days, p < 0.05) and the PCA groups (3.7 days, p < 0.05). Average cumulative opioid use was significantly decreased in the INC group (50.4 morphine milligram equivalents [MME]) compared with the thoracic epidural (117 MME, p < 0.05) and PCA groups (172.1 MME, p < 0.05).
Conclusions This study suggests that INC can be a viable and cost-effective option for reducing postoperative opioid consumption and LOS in Nuss procedure patients. Pain perception was lower in the INC group compared with the rest of the groups, except the epidurals, which were similar. However, the opioid consumption of the INC group was significantly lower than any other group. Despite the INC group having higher initial costs, it did not result in the highest total hospital charges, indicating its potential cost-effectiveness. There is a need for larger prospective randomized controlled trials to guide future research efforts.
Prophylactic clip closure in preventing delayed bleeding after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection in patients on anticoagulants: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Takada Kazunori , Yoshida Naohisa , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Togo Daichi , Oka Shiro , Fukunaga Shusei , Morita Yoshinori , Hayashi Takemasa , Kozuka Kazuhiro , Tsuji Yosuke , Murakami Takashi , Yamamura Takeshi , Komeda Yoriaki , Takeuchi Yoji , Shinmura Kensuke , Fukuda Hiroko , Yoshii Shinji , Ono Shoko , Katsuki Shinichi , Kawashima Kazumasa , Nemoto Daiki , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Saito Yutaka , Tamai Naoto , Tamura Aya ,   on behalf of the ABCD-J Working Group
Published: December 2024

Background The effectiveness of prophylactic clip closure in reducing the risk of delayed bleeding after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is uncertain among patients on anticoagulants. We therefore aimed to assess this effectiveness using data from a large multicenter study.
Methods We used the ABCD-J study database to analyze delayed bleeding among 34 455 colorectal ESD cases from 47 Japanese institutions. Delayed bleeding rates among the no/partial and complete closure groups were compared in patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) or warfarin. Propensity score matching was used for baseline characteristics to reduce the effects of selection bias.
Results Overall, data from 1478 patients on anticoagulants who underwent colorectal ESD were examined. After propensity score matching, the complete and no/partial closure groups were compared in 212 patients on DOACs and 82 on warfarin. The complete closure group showed a significantly lower delayed bleeding rate in patients receiving DOACs (10.8 % vs. 5.2 %, absolute risk reduction [ARR] 5.7 %, P = 0.048) and warfarin (17.1 % vs. 6.1 %, ARR 11.0 %, P = 0.049). Additionally, complete closure significantly reduced the risk of delayed bleeding among patients taking DOACs for right-sided lesions (ARR 6.7 %, P = 0.04), whereas no risk reduction was observed for left-sided (P > 0.99) or rectal (P = 0.50) lesions. A similar trend was observed among patients on warfarin.
Conclusions Prophylactic complete clip closure after colorectal ESD significantly reduced the delayed bleeding rate in patients receiving DOACs or warfarin. It should be performed after ESD, particularly for right-sided lesions.
A Clinical Decision Support System for Addressing Health-Related Social Needs in Emergency Department: Defining End User Needs and Preferences
Authors: Mazurenko Olena , Hirsh Adam T. , Harle Christopher A. , McNamee Cassidy , Vest Joshua R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background Health-related social needs (HRSNs) are the unmet social and economic needs (e.g., housing instability) that affect individuals' health and well-being. HRSNs are associated with more emergency department (ED) visits, longer stays, and worse health outcomes. More than a third of ED patients have at least one HRSN, yet patients are rarely screened for HRSNs in the ED. A clinical decision support (CDS) system with predictive modeling offers a promising approach to identifying patients systematically and efficiently with HRSNs in the ED.
Objective This study aimed to identify ED clinician and staff preferences for designing and implementing an HRSN-related CDS system.
Methods A multistep, user-centered design study involving qualitative semistructured interviews, observations of ED workflows, and a multidisciplinary design workshop.
Results We conducted 16 semistructured interviews with ED clinicians and staff. Following the interviews, three research team members observed ED workflows, focusing on patient entry and clinician and staff usage of the electronic health record (EHR) system. Finally, we conducted a 3-hour multidisciplinary design workshop. An HRSN-related CDS system should be visually appealing, color-coordinated, and easily accessible in the EHR. An HRSN-related CDS system should target a select group of ED patients (to be discharged from the ED) and highlight a select set of critical HRSN issues early in the workflow to adjust clinical care adequately. An HRSN-related CDS system should provide a list of actions and the ability to notify the clinical team if the patient's HRSNs were addressed.
Conclusion The user-centered design identified a set of specific preferences for an HRSN-related CDS system to be implemented in the ED. Future work will focus on implementing and refining the CDS system and assessing the rates of changes in clinical care (e.g., rates of referrals) to address patient HRSNs in the ED.
Adolescents’ experiences and (re)action towards fake news on social media: perspectives from Norway
Authors: Selnes Florence Namasinga 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe majority of adolescents encounter unverifiable news as they navigate social media in their daily lives. A survey in Norway where this study is situated found that two out of three teenagers had come across content that they suspected to be fake, and that the teens considered themselves highly competent in distinguishing between credible and fake news. This study draws on teens’ narratives and perspectives as articulated through focus groups and interviews to explore their experiences as well as awareness of how to deal with fake news when they encounter on social media. The study reveals awareness of diffusion of fake news and knowledge of tactics that are important for evaluating online. Specifically, participants regard ignoring; multiple news verification tactics and using social media delete, block, flag and report functions as important for managing fake news. The paper argues that ignoring can be an effective tactic for reducing the diffusion of fake news on social media and should be adopted and incorporated in news media literacy programs. Otherwise, it can lead to disengagement from and passivity towards news.
Equation of State for Solid Argon Valid for Temperatures up to 300 K and Pressures up to 16 GPa
Authors: Maltby Tage W. , Hammer Morten , Wilhelmsen Øivind 
Published: December 2024

A new equation of state (EoS) is presented for solid argon. The EoS is based on the quasi-harmonic approximation and formulated in terms of the Helmholtz energy, with temperature and molar volume as independent variables. To ensure high accuracy over a wide range of pressures, the static energy is represented semi-analytically by a Buckingham potential with three-body corrections. The vibrational modes are represented by Debye and Einstein contributions, and the EoS includes an anharmonic correction. A comprehensive collection of available experimental data has been used in the parameter optimization, including pressure and volume measurements along the co-existence curves, heat capacities, thermal expansivities and isothermal compressibilites. The EoS reproduces the molar volumes along the sublimation coexistence curve within an estimated uncertainty of 0.03%. For the heat capacity, the uncertainty is estimated to 1% in the range 20–50 K, 2% at higher temperatures, and 6% at lower temperatures. The isentropic and isothermal compressibilities have estimated uncertainties of 4% and 3%. For the thermal expansivity, the EoS has an estimated uncertainty of 2% above, and 5% below 30 K. For the pressure along the phase coexistence curves, the EoS has an estimated uncertainty of 0.4% for melting and 5% for sublimation. For the calculation of pressure as function of temperature and molar volume, the average relative deviation with respect to all available data is 5%. The EoS is valid up to pressures of 16 GPa and temperatures of 300 K, yet extrapolates well at temperatures beyond this range. The EoS represents the coexistence of solid argon in argon–hydrogen and argon–helium fluid mixtures nearly within the experimental uncertainty, provided that the EoS used to represent the fluid phase is sufficiently accurate.
Revisiting the optoelectronic properties of sputtered aluminium-doped zinc oxide: a study combining advanced optical dispersion models
Authors: Enrique L A , Mishra S , Serquen E , Bravo F , Lizárraga K , Cespedes D , Piñeiro M , Llontop P , Guerra J A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films with different aluminium (Al) concentrations were grown by RF-magnetron sputtering with substrate active cooling. Sputtering induced sample heating was aimed to be mitigated by the applied cooling, achieving films with electrical resistivities as low as

3.3
×

10

−
3

Ω
⋅

cm

, in the as-deposited state. Subsequently, an annealing treatment was performed to enhance the electrical properties and assess the effect of the Al concentration. The absorption coefficient spectra of zinc oxide (ZnO) exhibits an excitonic absorption contribution to the fundamental absorption that is typically not considered in AZO when determining the optical bandgap. Nevertheless, here we show that this free exciton band remains visible in AZO even at Al concentrations greater than 4 at.%. Additionally, the doping-induced defect states increases the width of tail states. These two factors have a substantial effect on the absorption edge, and thus must be considered with adequate models when attempting to determine the optical bandgap. In this work, we use a recently developed Elliot-based optical dispersion model to accurately determine the optical bandgap, exciton binding energy and Urbach energy of AZO thin films. On the other hand, we assess the infrared free carrier absorption, typically modeled by the Drude dispersion formula, by considering a complex frequency-dependent dynamical resistivity and the polar nature of the ZnO lattice. Normally, the real part of the dynamical resistivity follows a power law dependence and the exponent is assumed to be −1.5 for highly-doped semiconductors. Notwithstanding, here we let this exponent as a free fitting parameter to assess the effect of distinct scattering mechanisms present in sputtered AZO thin films and its dependence with the Al doping concentration. We believe these results can be extended to other degenerated semiconductors and are relevant for the understanding and tailoring of their fundamental optoelectronic properties.
Advancing machine fault diagnosis: a detailed examination of convolutional neural networks
Authors: Vashishtha Govind , Chauhan Sumika , Sehri Mert , Hebda-Sobkowicz Justyna , Zimroz Radoslaw , Dumond Patrick , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The growing complexity of machinery and the increasing demand for operational efficiency and safety have driven the development of advanced fault diagnosis techniques. Among these, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool, offering robust and accurate fault detection and classification capabilities. This comprehensive review delves into the application of CNNs in machine fault diagnosis, covering its theoretical foundation, architectural variations, and practical implementations. The strengths and limitations of CNNs are analyzed in this domain, discussing their effectiveness in handling various fault types, data complexities, and operational environments. Furthermore, we explore the evolving landscape of CNN-based fault diagnosis, examining recent advancements in data augmentation, transfer learning, and hybrid architectures. Finally, the future research directions and potential challenges to further enhance the application of CNNs for reliable and proactive machine fault diagnosis are highlighted.
Stability of Couette flow for 2D tropical climate system with zero thermal dissipation
Authors: Niu Dongjuan , Wu Huiru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear stability of Couette flow for the two-dimensional tropical climate system with zero thermal dissipation in the domain

T

×

R

. To overcome the difficulty caused by the absence of the thermal dissipation, we fully exploit the structure of the system and the enhanced dissipation created by the non-self-adjoint operator

y

∂

x

−
Δ

to obtain the expected stability result.
Boundary effects on the emergence of quasi-periodic solutions for Euler equations
Authors: Hassainia Zineb , Roulley Emeric 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we highlight the importance of the boundary effects on the construction of quasi-periodic vortex patches solutions close to Rankine vortices and whose existence is not known in the whole space due to the resonances of the linear frequencies. Availing of the lack of invariance by radial dilation of Euler equations in the unit disc and using a Nash–Moser implicit function iterative scheme we show the existence of such structures when the radius of the Rankine vortex belongs to a suitable massive Cantor-like set with almost full Lebesgue measure.
Feasibility of reconstructing in-vivo patient 3D dose distributions from 2D EPID image data using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Gao Ning , Cheng Bo , Wang Zhi , Li Didi , Chang Yankui , Ren Qiang , Pei Xi , Shi Chengyu , Xu Xie George 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. The primary purpose of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of a deep convolutional neural network (dCNN) based algorithm that uses two-dimensional (2D) electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images and CT images as input to reconstruct 3D dose distributions inside the patient. Approach. To generalize dCNN training and testing data, geometric and materials models of a VitalBeam accelerator treatment head and a corresponding EPID imager were constructed in detail in the GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo dose computing software, ARCHER. The EPID imager pixel spatial resolution ranging from 1.0 mm to 8.5 mm was studied to select optimal pixel size for simulation. For purposes of training the U-Net-based dCNN, a total of 101 clinical intensive modulated radiation treatment cases—81 for training, 10 for validation, and 10 for testing—were simulated to produce comparative data of 3D dose distribution versus 2D EPID image data. The model’s accuracy was evaluated by comparing its predictions with Monte Carlo dose. Main Results. Using the optimal EPID pixel size of 1.5 mm, it took about 18 min to simulate the particle transport in patient-specific CT and EPID imager per a single field. In contrast, the trained dCNN can predict 3D dose distributions in about 0.35 s. The average 3D gamma passing rates between ARCHER and predicted doses are 99.02 ± 0.57% (3%/3 mm) and 96.85 ± 1.22% (2%/2 mm) for accumulated fields, respectively. Dose volume histogram data suggest that the proposed dCNN 3D dose prediction algorithm is accurate in evaluating treatment goals. Significance. This study has proposed a novel deep-learning model that is accurate and rapid in predicting 3D patient dose from 2D EPID images. The computational speed is expected to facilitate clinical practice for EPID-based in-vivo patient-specific quality assurance towards adaptive radiation therapy.
ATLAS New Small Wheel performance studies with LHC Run3 data
Authors: Arcangeletti C. ,   the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer group
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The most important ATLAS upgrade for LHC run-3 has been in the Muon Spectrometer, where the replacement of the two forward inner stations with the New Small Wheels (NSW) introduced two novel detector technologies: the small strip Thin Gap Chambers (sTGC) and the resistive strips MicroMegas (MM). The integration of the two NSW in the ATLAS end-caps marks the culmination of an extensive construction, testing, and installation program. The NSW actively contributes to the muon spectrometer trigger and tracking, during the concurrent finalisation of the commissioning phase of this innovative system and the optimisation of its performances. This proceeding will offer an overview of the strategies employed for simulation and reconstruction integration and optimisation, followed by a detailed report on the performance studies of the NSW system during its initial operation with LHC Run3 data.
Hydrogen production with grid-connected electrolysis: scenario-based analysis of the EU criteria for renewable fuels
Authors: Thaler Bernhard , Pirker Gerhard , Wermuth Nicole 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Renewable hydrogen (H2) will play a pivotal role in the decarbonization of the energy and industrial sectors. However, during the transition to a clean energy system, the production of H2 with electrolysis runs the risk of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions if the electricity system is still partly based on fossil fuels. The European Union has set ambitious targets for the production of H2 and defined strict rules in delegated acts to the renewable energy directive, when H2 produced with public grid electricity can be counted as renewable. This paper analyzes two grid criteria central to these rules, renewable energy share and CO2 emission intensity, in several future scenarios of the European energy system. By uniquely focusing on the impact of H2 production from the perspective of EU grid criteria, this study offers a novel assessment of how these regulations interact with the evolving energy landscape. Fulfillment of the renewable H2 grid criteria strongly depends on the future build-out of renewable energy resources, electricity demand, and amount of domestically produced H2. In a scenario with ambitious renewable build-out until 2030, represented by current drafts of national energy and climate plans, many countries will meet the stated criteria. However, adding a high amount of domestically produced H2 partly cancels out this effect. In a scenario with reduced renewable build-outs, comparable to historically achieved renewable resource additions, many fewer countries achieve the grid criteria. Finally, net CO2 emission reductions are analyzed by comparing power sector emission changes with the opportunity emissions that result from fossil fuels replacements with H2. The results indicate that using H2 in CO2 intensive use cases can lead to emission reductions, even if grid criteria are below the thresholds defined in the delegated acts. However, reduced renewable energy expansion poses the risk of not achieving any emission reductions at all with the produced H2.
Curvature of Gaussian quantum states
Authors: Miller Harry J D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The space of quantum states can be endowed with a metric structure using the second order derivatives of the relative entropy, giving rise to the so-called Kubo–Mori–Bogoliubov inner product. We explore its geometric properties on the submanifold of faithful, zero-displacement Gaussian states parameterised by their covariance matrices, deriving expressions for the geodesic equations, curvature tensors and scalar curvature. Our analysis suggests that the curvature of the manifold is strictly monotonic with respect to the von Neumann entropy, and thus can be interpreted as a measure of state uncertainty. This provides supporting evidence for the Petz conjecture in continuous variable systems.
Spin Hamiltonian with large fourth order terms: triple well potentials and Bloch sphere visualization
Authors: Lohr-Robles D S , Grether M , López-Moreno E , Hess P O 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a study of a general spin Hamiltonian with terms up to fourth order. The semiclassical potential is obtained as the expectation value of the parameter dependent Hamiltonian in the coherent state basis, and using catastrophe theory its parameter space is constructed. Considering the components of the magnetic field as the free parameters, we found regions where the semiclassical potential has three stability wells when the parameters of the fourth order terms are large. Using the coherent states we are able to visualize the localization of the ground state eigenfunction on the Bloch sphere as the magnetic field is varied.