bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiplatelet therapies in diabetes
Authors: Sagar R. C. , Naseem K. M. , Ajjan R. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCardiovascular complications remain the main cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes. This is related to advanced vascular pathology in this population, together with an enhanced thrombotic environment. The increased risk in thrombosis is secondary to platelet hyper‐reactivity and increased levels and/or altered activity of coagulation factors. The current review is focused on the role of antiplatelet agents in modulating the thrombotic milieu in diabetes and improving vascular outcome in this high‐risk population. We review the latest evidence for the use of aspirin in primary vascular prevention together with long‐term treatment with this agent for secondary prevention. We also discuss the effects of the various P2Y12 inhibitors, including clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor, on both short‐ and long‐term secondary vascular prevention. Moreover, we briefly review antiplatelet therapies in special groups of people including those intolerant to aspirin, individuals with peripheral vascular disease and those with cerebrovascular pathology. The overall aim of this review is to provide the healthcare professional with a pragmatic guide for the management of thrombotic risk using established antiplatelet therapies to improve vascular outcome in persons with diabetes.
Testing association of rare genetic variants with resistance to three common antiseizure medications
Authors: Wolking Stefan , Moreau Claudia , Nies Anne T. , Schaeffeler Elke , McCormack Mark , Auce Pauls , Avbersek Andreja , Becker Felicitas , Krenn Martin , Møller Rikke S. , Nikanorova Marina , Weber Yvonne G. , Weckhuysen Sarah , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Delanty Norman , Depondt Chantal , Johnson Michael R. , Koeleman Bobby P.C. , Kunz Wolfram S. , Marson Anthony G. , Sander Josemir W. , Sills Graeme J. , Striano Pasquale , Zara Federico , Zimprich Fritz , Schwab Matthias , Krause Roland , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Cossette Patrick , Girard Simon L. , Lerche Holger ,   EpiPGX Consortium
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveDrug resistance is a major concern in the treatment of individuals with epilepsy. No genetic markers for resistance to individual antiseizure medication (ASM) have yet been identified. We aimed to identify the role of rare genetic variants in drug resistance for three common ASMs: levetiracetam (LEV), lamotrigine (LTG), and valproic acid (VPA).MethodsA cohort of 1622 individuals of European descent with epilepsy was deeply phenotyped and underwent whole exome sequencing (WES), comprising 575 taking LEV, 826 LTG, and 782 VPA. We performed gene‐ and gene set–based collapsing analyses comparing responders and nonresponders to the three drugs to determine the burden of different categories of rare genetic variants.ResultsWe observed a marginally significant enrichment of rare missense, truncating, and splice region variants in individuals who were resistant to VPA compared to VPA responders for genes involved in VPA pharmacokinetics. We also found a borderline significant enrichment of truncating and splice region variants in the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein (SV2) gene family in nonresponders compared to responders to LEV. We did not see any significant enrichment using a gene‐based approach.SignificanceIn our pharmacogenetic study, we identified a slightly increased burden of damaging variants in gene groups related to drug kinetics or targeting in individuals presenting with drug resistance to VPA or LEV. Such variants could thus determine a genetic contribution to drug resistance.
Critical mass: The rise of a touchscreen technology community for rodent cognitive testing
Authors: Dumont Julie R. , Salewski Ryan , Beraldo Flavio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe rise in the number of users and institutions utilizing the rodent touchscreen technology for cognitive testing over the past decade has prompted the need for knowledge mobilization and community building. To address the needs of the growing touchscreen community, the first international touchscreen symposium was hosted at Western University. Attendees from around the world attended talks from expert neuroscientists using touchscreens to examine a vast array of questions regarding cognition and the nervous system. In addition to the symposium, a subset of attendees was invited to partake in a hands‐on training course where they received touchscreen training covering both hardware and software components. Beyond the two touchscreen events, virtual platforms have been developed to further support touchscreen users: (a) Mousebytes.ca, which includes a data repository of rodent touchscreen tasks, and (b) Touchscreencognition.org, an online community with numerous training and community resources, perhaps most notably a forum where members can ask and answer questions. The advantages of the rodent touchscreen technology for cognitive neuroscience research has allowed neuroscientists from diverse backgrounds to test specific cognitive processes using well‐validated and standardized apparatus, contributing to its rise in popularity and its relevance to modern neuroscience research. The commitment of the touchscreen community to data, task development and information sharing not only ensures an expansive future of the use of rodent touchscreen technology but additionally, quality research that will increase translation from preclinical studies to clinical successes.
A role of sea buckthorn on Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Dong Ke , Fernando Warnakulasuriya M. A. D. Binosha , Durham Rosalie , Stockmann Regine , W. Jayatunga Dona Pamoda , Jayasena Vijay 
Published: March 2020

SummaryEvidence suggests that diets rich in antioxidants reduce the risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hippophae rhamnoides, commonly known as sea buckthorn (SB), is rich in antioxidants which could have direct effects on amyloid‐beta (Aβ) levels and consequently influence AD pathogenesis. In this study, sea buckthorn powder (SBP) was administered at varying concentrations (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8 µg mL−1) to cell cultures (BE(2)‐M17) with 20 mm Aβ for 72 h. MTS test indicated that SB significantly increased cell viability in Aβ‐induced cells up to 95%. Results of Western blot showed maximum 38% inhibition of Aβ compared to the control (Aβ only). ELISA demonstrated significantly lower amyloid‐β level (6672 pg mL−1) than the control (10189 pg mL−1). Images of AFM further confirmed the presence of low quantity of amyloid beta in SBP‐treated cells. These findings suggest that SB warrants further investigation as potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of AD.
School‐Level Factors Associated with Sun Protection Practices in California Elementary Schools
Authors: Reynolds Kim D. , Buller David B. , Berteletti Julia , Massie Kim , Ashley Jeff , Buller Mary K. , Meenan Richard T. , Liu Xia 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study examined implementation of district sun safety policy in schools and tested correlates of implementation in California public school districts.METHODSPrincipals (N = 118) and teachers (N = 113) in California public elementary schools (N = 118) were recruited and completed a survey on sun protection policies and practices. The sample contained schools whose districts subscribed to the California School Boards Association and adopted Board Policy 5141.7 for sun safety. Principals and teachers reported on implementation of 10 school practices related to BP 5141.7 indicating which practices were implemented in the school.RESULTSYears in public education (Exponentiated Score (ES) = 0.51, p < .001), years worked in the current district (ES = 0.49, p < .001), perception that parents should take action to protect children from the sun (ES = 0.43, p < .01), and personal skin phenotype (Low Risk ES = 0.55; High Risk ES = 0.09, p < .05) were associated with number of practices implemented in the school using multiple Poisson regression.CONCLUSIONSPolicy implementation is more likely among schools with experienced faculty, when parents are seen as important partners in student skin cancer prevention, and when school principals and teachers have a lower personal risk phenotype.
Effects of dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio and amylase on growth performance, energy and starch digestibility, and digestive enzymes in broilers
Authors: Ma Jie , Yang Tai , Yang Mei , Yan Zhaoming , Zhao Lei , Yao Linglong , Chen Jiashun , Chen Qinghua , Tan Bie , Li Tiejun , Yin Jie , Yin Yulong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary amylose/amylopectin (AM/AP) ratio and amylase on growth performance, apparent digestibility of energy and starch, serum biochemical index, and digestive enzymes. The experiment used a 4 × 3 factor design, and 960 one‐day‐old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly divided into 12 groups fed diets containing different AM/AP ratio of 0.11, 0.23, 0.35 and 0.47 and combined with 0, 3,000 and 6,000 U/kg amylase. Results showed that 0.23–0.35 AM/AP ratio increased growth performance, while dietary addition of 6,000 U/kg amylase significantly reduced average daily weight gain in broilers. The energy digestibility was significantly reduced along with the increase of dietary AM/AP ratio and in the 6,000 U/Kg amylase‐supplemented groups. The digestibility of starch also decreased significantly with the increase of dietary AM/AP ratio, but high dose (6,000 U/Kg) of amylase increased. High AM/AP diet reduced serum insulin concentration, which was increased in amylase‐supplemented groups. Furthermore, exogenous amylase increased amylase activity in the jejunal chyme. In conclusion, dietary 0.23–0.35 AM/AP ratio was suggested to maintain a higher growth performance in broilers and high AM/AP ratio diets reduced energy and starch digestibility and serum insulin concentration, which was reversed by dietary amylase.
Absence of Bsep/Abcb11 attenuates MCD diet‐induced hepatic steatosis but aggravates inflammation in mice
Authors: Fuchs Claudia D. , Krivanec Sebastian , Steinacher Daniel , Mlitz Veronika , Wahlström Annika , Stahlman Marcus , Claudel Thierry , Scharnagl Hubert , Stojakovic Tatjana , Marschall Hanns‐Ulrich , Trauner Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBile acids (BAs) regulate hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. Bile salt export pump (BSEP) KO mice are metabolically preconditioned with a hydrophilic BA composition protecting them from cholestasis. We hypothesize that changes in hepatic BA profile and subsequent changes in BA signalling may critically determine the susceptibility to steatohepatitis.MethodsWild‐type (WT) and BSEP KO mice were challenged with methionine choline‐deficient (MCD) diet to induce steatohepatitis. Serum biochemistry, lipid profiling as well as intestinal lipid absorption were assessed. Markers of inflammation, fibrosis, lipid and BA metabolism were analysed. Hepatic and faecal BA profile as well as serum levels of the BA synthesis intermediate 7‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one (C4) were also investigated.ResultsBile salt export pump KO MCD‐fed mice developed less steatosis but more inflammation than WT mice. Intestinal neutral lipid levels were reduced in BSEP KO mice at baseline and under MCD conditions. Faecal non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations at baseline and under MCD diet were markedly elevated in BSEP KO compared to WT mice. Serum liver enzymes and hepatic expression of inflammatory markers were increased in MCD‐fed BSEP KO animals. PPARα protein levels were reduced in BSEP KO mice. Accordingly, PPARα downstream targets Fabp1 and Fatp5 were repressed, while NFκB subunits were increased in MCD‐fed BSEP KO mice. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) protein levels were reduced in MCD‐fed BSEP KO vs WT mice. Hepatic BA profile revealed elevated levels of TβMCA, exerting FXR antagonistic action, while concentrations of TCA (FXR agonistic function) were reduced.ConclusionPresence of hydroxylated BAs result in increased faecal FA excretion and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation. This aggravates development of MCD diet‐induced hepatitis potentially by decreasing FXR and PPARα signalling.
Visible–near infrared spectral indices for mapping mineralogy and chemistry with OSIRIS‐REx
Authors: Kaplan Hannah H. , Hamilton Victoria E. , Howell Ellen S. , Scott Anderson F. , Barrucci M. Antonella , Brucato John , Burbine Thomas H. , Clark Beth E. , Cloutis Ed A. , Connolly Harold C. , Dotto Elisabetta , Emery Joshua P. , Fornasier Sonia , Lantz Cateline , Lim Lucy F. , Merlin Frederic , Praet Alice , Reuter Dennis C. , Sandford Scott A. , Simon Amy A. , Takir Driss , Lauretta Dante S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe primary objective of the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS‐REx) mission is to return to Earth a pristine sample of carbonaceous material from the primitive asteroid (101955) Bennu. To support compositional mapping of Bennu as part of sample site selection and characterization, we tested 95 spectral indices on visible to near infrared laboratory reflectance data from minerals and carbonaceous meteorites. Our aim was to determine which indices reliably identify spectral features of interest. Most spectral indices had high positive detection rates when applied to spectra of pure, single‐component materials. The meteorite spectra have fewer and weaker absorption features and, as a result, fewer detections with the spectral indices. Indices targeting absorptions at 0.7 and 2.7–3 μm, which are attributable to hydrated minerals, were most successful for the meteorites. Based on these results, we identified a set of 17 indices that are most likely to be useful at Bennu. These indices detect olivines, pyroxenes, carbonates, water/OH‐bearing minerals, serpentines, ferric minerals, and organics. Particle size and albedo are known to affect band depth but had a negligible impact on interpretive success with spectral indices. Preliminary analysis of the disk‐integrated Bennu spectrum with these indices is consistent with expectations given the observed absorption near 3 μm. Our study prioritizes spectral indices to be used for OSIRIS‐REx spectral analysis and mapping and informs the reliability of all index‐derived data products, including a science value map for sample site selection.
Dynamical behavior of tribal‐forest system in the presence of development activities: Leslie–Gower‐based nonlinear modeling study
Authors: Tandon Abhinav 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA nonlinear dynamical system is developed in the proposed study to gain insight into the tribal‐forest system in the presence of unplanned development activities. Here, the system is comprised of densities of forest resources, tribal population, and development activities as dynamic variables. The realistic dynamics between the tribal population and forest resources is considered to be of modified Leslie–Gower consumer–resource type. The qualitative properties of the system are obtained by establishing the equilibrium points and their stabilities. However, permanence is derived to prove the system's viability in the long run. The model is also quantitatively examined using global sensitivity and bifurcation analyses. Through these analyses, sensitivity to different parameters and their thresholds for qualitative behavioral change are determined. The mathematical analyses prove that excessive overexploitation of forest resources and uncontrollable development activities can put the system in a state of destabilization and impermanence.Recommendations for Resource Managers

A harmonious tribal‐forest system can be established by devising proper schemes to check unprecedented and unplanned development activities in the tribal region. For this, development projects should be thoroughly evaluated by the government agencies, before their approval.
Measures to increase the density of forest resources should be practised to cover up the loss incurred due to their utilization in development activities. This can be achieved by increasing the forest cover with enhanced plantation in and around forests and through effective protection schemes.
Initiatives to retain and employ tribal people in forests should be adopted for the protection and expansion of forests. The extraordinary knowledge inherited in tribal people about flora and fauna of forest system can be productively utilized for the conservation of biodiversity.
Enrique San Román (1945–2019)
Authors: Aramendía Pedro F. , Braslavsky Silvia E. , Lagorio María Gabriela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn homage to the Argentinian Photochemist Enrique San Román is presented. Enrique led the Photochemistry and Chemical Kinetics research group in the Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Physical Chemistry in the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires from 1984 until his death in July 2019. He left a strong legacy in Chemical Kinetics and Photochemistry in Argentina. He is remembered as a meticulous and very knowledgeable scientist and teacher, a loyal friend and a generous and integer human being.
Living arrangements and cognitive abilities of community‐dwelling older adults in Singapore
Authors: Roystonn Kumarasan , Abdin Edimansyah , Shahwan Shazana , Zhang Yunjue , Sambasivam Rajeswari , Vaingankar Janhavi Ajit , Mahendran Rathi , Chua Hong Choon , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily 
Published: March 2020

AimDementia is a growing public health concern. It is necessary to focus on factors that may help preserve cognitive function in late life. Limited research has examined how living arrangements are associated with cognitive function in older adults. This study aims to further our understanding of this association in community‐dwelling older adults in a multi‐ethnic Asian population.MethodsData were obtained from a cross‐sectional population survey of 2548 adults aged 60 and older with standardized instruments. Living arrangements were classified as living with adult children and grandchildren, living with adult children only, living with a spouse/partner only, living alone, living with other relatives, and living with non‐relatives.ResultsCognitive function was significantly predicted by living arrangements among community‐dwelling older adults. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that older adults in multigenerational family households had significantly poorer cognitive function than those living with a spouse/partner (β = 0.54, P < 0.02) and those living with non‐relatives (β = 1.08, P < 0.02). This association was independent of the influence of age, gender, ethnicity, education, employment status, marital status, depression, disability, chronic health conditions, and self‐reported health.ConclusionOlder adults living in multigenerational households seem to be disadvantaged in their cognitive function. However, we cannot conclude this based on the evidence because of the cross‐sectional nature of the data. Further research is needed to reasonably determine the relationship between living arrangements and cognitive function. Regardless, these findings add to the growing understanding of the complex relationship between living arrangements and cognition in older adults and could provide a basis to design effective strategies to delay cognitive decline in community‐dwelling older adults.
High‐dose folic acid and its effect on early stage diabetic foot ulcer wound healing
Authors: Boykin Joseph V. , Hoke Glenn D. , Driscoll Cassandra R. , Dharmaraj Benita S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigh‐dose folic acid (HDFA; vitamin B9)—5 mg, given daily, has not been evaluated as a treatment to improve early stage‐diabetic foot ulcer (ES‐DFU) wound healing. However, HDFA has been demonstrated to correct: (a) endothelial dysfunction and decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, associated with type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); and (b) hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) that may promote impaired DFU‐wound healing. Measures of wound area (cm2) reduction (wound closure; WC), over a 4‐week period (4 W‐WC), greater than 50% of the wound area, have been reported as a robust indicator of the potential for DFU‐wound healing. By using this model, we examined the effectiveness of a wound treatment in promoting progressive healing and complete wound closure for the chronic, nonhealing DFU‐wound. To investigate this possible relationship between HDFA and ES‐DFU wound healing, a retrospective cohort study of medical records, between November 2018 and April 2019, was performed for Veterans with T2DM and ES‐DFUs following treatment with HDFA. During the study period 29 (n = 29) Veterans with ES‐DFU wounds who received HDFA treatment were identified. Medical record reviews of this retrospective cohort of ES‐DFU Veterans receiving HDFA report 90% (26/29) experiencing complete DFU‐wound closure during the study period. Of the 29 Veterans with ES‐DFUs receiving HDFA, the medical records of nine (30%), with healed wounds, provided documentation suitable for 4 W‐WC, pre‐ and post‐HDFA treatment study comparisons. This study documents significant (P < .05) improvements comparing 4 W‐WC values for standard treatment for Veterans with poorly progressing, worsening or stagnating ES‐DFU‐wounds to those for the same subjects following HDFA treatment. These observations suggest that chronic ES‐DFUs treated with HDFA may experience significantly improved wound closure and complete healing (re‐epithelialization) when compared with standard treatments without HDFA. With validation from RCTs, HDFA may be established as an effective treatment to promote wound healing and closure for nonhealing ES‐DFUs.
10 Influential Women in Engineering
Authors: Sethi Chitra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
There are many influential women—educators, innovators, leaders—who are not only breaking the stereotype but are also role models and mentors for the next generation of female engineers. This article spotlights 10 women engineers who are transforming the fields of bioengineering, energy, robotics, and manufacturing and paving the way for other women to follow.
Analysis Method of Compressor Stability Based on Eigenvalue Theory
Authors: Xu Dengke , He Chen , Sun Dakun , Sun Xiaofeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to analyze the flow stability of compressors rapidly in the design stage, a fast analysis method is developed in this paper. This method takes the base flow on each streamline at different spanwise locations as the research object and characterizes the effect of blade rows on the internal flow by establishing a body force model. Therefore, it is capable of taking the complex three-dimensional blade geometry and the abundant flow details into account, and what's more, it has a significantly high computational efficiency, which makes it available to engineering practice. Based on the eigenvalue theory, the flow stability problem is transformed into the eigenvalue problem, and the system stability is determined by the eigenvalue obtained by utilizing the singular value decomposition method. The flow stability of NASA Rotor 37 is analyzed to validate the reliability of the developed approach, and the results show that this analysis method is able to capture the process of stability deterioration with throttling and identify the blade tip region as the most unstable area. In order to further study the influence of blade geometry on compressor stability, a number of swept rotors are designed by modifying the stacking line of NASA Rotor 37. The assessment results via the developed method indicate that the forward sweep defined in this work can significantly improve the stability of the flow field in the tip region, while the backward sweep has the opposite effect.