bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polytropes in plasmas described by kappa distributions – Application in atmospheric modelling
Authors: Livadiotis George 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paper derives the complete formulations of polytropic behaviour for plasmas described by kappa distributions. This is achieved by employing both positive and negative types of phase‐space kappa distributions of a Hamiltonian for a nonzero potential energy, while the cases of positive and negative potential energies are analysed separately. Then, we develop the general polytropic‐barometric formula that describes the profiles of density, temperature, and thermal pressure. Furthermore, it is shown how the kappa and polytropic indices can be derived from observational measurements of the temperature altitude gradient. As an example, we calculated the kappa κ ≈ 3.35 and polytropic γ ≈ 0.74 indices of the terrestrial atmosphere at ∼100 km, revealing the existence of heating processes that add thermal energy to atmospheric particles.
Procedures for Flow Cytometry‐Based Sorting of Unfixed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Infected Cells and Other Infectious Agents
Authors: Reifel Kristen M. , Swan Brandon K. , Jellison Evan R. , Ambrozak David , Baijer Jan , Nguyen Richard , Monard Simon , Lyon Geoffrey , Fontes Benjamin , Perfetto Stephen P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn response to the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, many laboratories are involved in research supporting SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine development and clinical trials. Flow cytometry laboratories will be responsible for a large part of this effort by sorting unfixed antigen‐specific lymphocytes. Therefore, it is critical and timely that we have an understanding of risk assessment and established procedures of infectious cell sorting. Here we present procedures covering the biosafety aspects of sorting unfixed SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cells and other infectious agents of similar risk level. These procedures follow the ISAC Biosafety Committee guidelines and were recently approved by the National Institutes of Health Institutional Biosafety Committee for sorting SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cells. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The ventilatory abnormalities and prognostic values of H2FPEF score in dyspnoeic patients with preserved left ventricle systolic function
Authors: Huang Wei‐Ming , Cheng Hao‐Min , Yu Wen‐Chung , Guo Chao‐Yu , Chiang Chern‐En , Chen Chen‐Huan , Sung Shih‐Hsien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is one of the major diagnoses in dyspnoeic subjects, and H2FPEF score enables robust differentiation of HFpEF. Given ventilatory abnormalities prevail in subjects with HFpEF, the associations between H2FPEF score and pulmonary function remain to be elucidated.Methods and resultsSubjects who presented with exertional dyspnoea and had left ventricular ejection fraction of >50% were eligible for this study. Total lung capacity, forced expiratory volume in the 1 s, and forced vital capacity (FVC) were obtained by pulmonary function tests. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), the ratio of early ventricular filling flow velocity to the septal mitral annulus tissue velocity (E/e'), and left ventricular mass (LVM) were measured by echocardiogram. Among a total of 5849 participants (65.6 ± 6.4 years, 54% men), 2453 (41.9%) had low H2FPEF score (0 ~ 1) and 160 (2.7%) had high H2FPEF score,6~9 respectively. Subjects with high H2FPEF score were older and had higher proportion of restrictive and obstructive defect, more morbidities, poorer renal function, lower haemoglobin, higher LVM, E/e' ratio, and PASP. During a mean follow‐up duration of 30.0 ± 20.5 months, the H2FPEF score was significantly associated with mortality [hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals, 1.063(1.010–1.18)], independent of sex, haemoglobin, renal function, LVM, and comorbidities.ConclusionsEither obstructive or restrictive ventilation defects prevail in subjects with high H2FPEF score, indicating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly associated with HFpEF. In addition, H2FPEF score was correlated with long‐term survival in dyspnoeic subjects with or without concomitant diseases of HFpEF and COPD.
Do still waters run deep? Formation processes of natural and anthropogenic deposits in the Neolithic wetland site Zug‐Riedmatt (Switzerland)
Authors: Ismail‐Meyer Kristin , Vach Werner , Rentzel Philippe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicromorphological analysis is used to improve our understanding of wetland site taphonomy and stratigraphy. Twelve profile columns from the Neolithic lakeshore site of Zug‐Riedmatt are macroscopically described here, microscopic analyses are applied to sediment facies, defining 14 sedimentary units (U): The natural basal sediment (U1) is carbonate‐rich, U2 a transition phase to the anthropogenic units U3 to U12. Uppermost are the natural carbonate‐rich U13 and U14. The creation of a micromorphological database and the application of 27 defined indices allow a better understanding of the natural, anthropogenic and taphonomic processes taking place at the site. Natural sediment input originated from Lake Zug, the nearby river Lorze with its delta, and a local marshy waterbody. Organic rich accumulations and calcitic ash played a major role in pH changes, leading to carbonate and silica dissolution, alongside bone alteration. Signs of degradation processes under aerobic and anaerobic conditions within a single layer points to complex, multiphase processes under changing water levels, a milieu belonging to both land and water, an amphibious environment. Finally, good layer preservation seemingly correlates to low aquatic reworking in a stable depositional context linked to the marshy area.
Patient‐reported outcomes as a prognostic marker of survival in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy
Authors: Hopkins Ashley M. , Wagner Jordan , Kichenadasse Ganessan , Modi Natansh , Rowland Andrew , Sorich Michael J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere has been minimal research on the prognostic value of patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The relative performance of PROs compared to established markers such as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG‐PS) and the Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) is unknown. In our study, data from the advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) single‐arm atezolizumab trials BIRCH, FIR and randomised‐trials OAK, POPLAR (atezolizumab vs docetaxel) were pooled. The study included 1548 participants who initiated atezolizumab. The associations between pretreatment PROs and overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were modelled using Cox proportional hazards regression. Prediction performance was assessed using the C‐statistic (c). PROs were recorded via the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐LC13. Patient‐reported physical function, fatigue, global health, appetite, role function, pain, dyspnoea, social function, constipation, nausea‐vomiting, emotional function and coughing were significantly associated with OS and PFS on univariable and adjusted analysis (P < .05). Physical function (c = 0.654), fatigue (c = 0.653) and global health (c = 0.650) were the most predictive variables for OS. Comparatively, the OS prediction performance of physical function (c = 0.65) was superior to ECOG‐PS (c = .59) and LIPI (c = 0.63). On multivariable analysis physical function, ECOG‐PS and LIPI were all significant (P < .001). In conclusion, PROs were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS in advanced NSCLC patients receiving ICI therapy. Further, patient‐reported physical function was more predictive of OS than ECOG‐PS and LIPI and contained independent information. This highlights the value of PROs as prognostic and stratification factors for clinical use and research trials of ICIs.
Stress and immunity: Field comparisons among populations of invasive cane toads in Florida
Authors: Assis Vania R. , Gardner Steven T. , Smith Kyra M. , Gomes Fernando R. , Mendonça Mary T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCane toads (Rhinella marina) were introduced worldwide and have become invasive in multiple locations, representing a major driver of biodiversity loss through competition (food, shelter, territory), predation, and the poisoning of native species. These toads have been used in Australia as a model for studies concerning invasion biology and ecoimmunology, as longer‐established (core) and invasion front (edge) populations show altered stress and immune response profiles. Although cane toads were also introduced into the United States in the 1950s, these patterns have yet to be evaluated for the populations spanning Florida. Toads introduced into Florida have dispersed primarily northward along a latitudinal gradient, where they encounter cooler temperatures that may further impact stress and immune differences between core and edge populations. In this study, we sampled cane toads from nine different locations spanning their invasion in Florida. Cane toads from southern populations showed higher plasma bacterial killing ability and natural antibody titers than the toads from the northern populations, indicating they have a better immune surveillance system. Also, southern toads were more responsive to a novel stressor (1 hr restraint), showing a higher increase in corticosterone levels. These results indicate that possible trade‐offs have occurred between immune and stress responses as these toads have become established in northern cooler areas in Florida.
Retest positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA of “recovered” patients with COVID‐19: Persistence, sampling issues, or re‐infection?
Authors: Kang Hanyujie , Wang Yishan , Tong Zhaohui , Liu Xuefeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract“Retest Positive” for severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) from “recovered” coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) has been reported and raised several important questions for this novel coronavirus and COVID‐19 disease. In this commentary, we discussed several questions: (a) Can SARS‐CoV‐2 re‐infect the individuals who recovered from COVID‐19? This question is also associated with other questions: whether or not SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces protective reaction or neutralized antibody? Will SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines work? (b) Why could some recovered patients with COVID‐19 be re‐tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA? (c) Are some recovered pwith atients COVID‐19 with re‐testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA infectious? and (d) How should the COVID‐19 patients with retest positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 be managed?
Distribution of species enterovirus B in patients with central nervous system infections in São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Compagnoli Carmona Rita de Cássia , Caetano Machado Bráulio , Aparecida de Sousa Cleusa , Vieira Heloisa Rosa , Moraes Alves Mayara Rhaissa , Farias de Souza Karen Aparecida , de Souza Gregório Débora , Costa Vilanova Bethânia , Sampaio Tavares Timenetsky Maria do Carmo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEnteroviruses (EV) are most common cause of central nervous system (CNS) infection, mainly aseptic meningitis. In Brazil, data available concerning the distribution of EV types are scarce. The aim of this study was to describe of types EV in patients with infection of the CNS in São Paulo State. This retrospective study was conducted in clinical samples collected from patients with infections of the CNS from 2004 to 2014. We investigated the presence of EV by virus isolation in cell culture. The samples that showed cytopathic effect in the cell culture were submitted by indirect immunofluorescence assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and VP1 partial sequencing to identification of EV isolated. A total of 176 EV isolated in cell culture was detected and typed in 14.5% (n = 176/1215) of clinical samples analyzed; corresponding to 71.0% of AM, and 19.3% of encephalitis and meningoencephalitis. Echoviruses (E) were isolated most frequently, with 155 strains (88.1%), Coxsackievirus B (CV‐B), with 20 cases (11.4%), CV‐A, with 01 case (0.6%). E‐6 was the most commonly identified followed in decreasing order by E‐30; E‐18; CV‐B5; E‐4; E‐11; CV‐B2 and E‐9; E‐7; CV‐A9, CV‐B1, CV‐B3, CV‐B4, E‐13, E‐14, and E‐21. EV detected were classified as belonging to the species enterovirus B. EV were detected in all the period of the year with the highest rate in the spring and summer months. Data obtained in this study contribute to the knowledge about EV circulation implicated in CNS infections over a 11‐year period in São Paulo State, Brazil.
Seroepidemiology of enterovirus D68 in a healthy population in Beijing, China, between 2012 and 2017: A retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yang , Gong Cheng , Luo Ming , Zhang Tiegang , Li Maozhong , Shen Lingyu , Zhang Herun , Huang Fang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo investigate the seroepidemiological features of enterovirus D68 (EV‐D68) in the healthy population from 2012 to 2017 in Beijing, China. A retrospective cross‐sectional investigation was conducted using serum specimens collected from healthy individuals in Beijing from 2012 to 2017. These samples were tested for neutralization antibodies (NtAbs) against EV‐D68. The sera from six EV‐D68 infected patients in the acute or convalescent phase were used to determine the protection level of NtAbs against EV‐D68. The geometric means of the titers (GMT) of EV‐D68 NtAbs in 2012 and 2017 were 92.82 and 242.91, respectively; the seroprevalences of EV‐D68 were 89.43% and 98.43%, respectively. The GMT reached its peak in the 11 to 15 age group in 2012, while in 16 to 20 age group in 2017. We also observed that EV‐D68 NtAbs titers of six sera from the acute phase were all less than equal to  1:64 and that of three sera from the convalescent phase were all more than 1:64. Anti‐EV‐D68 NtAbs in the population remained low from 2012 to 2016 but increased significantly in 2017. Although most of the EV‐D68 infections remain undetected in Beijing, the risk of a large outbreak of EV‐D68 exists and should be taken seriously.
Postoperative Utilization of Oral Nutrition Supplements in Surgical Patients in US Hospitals
Authors: Williams David G. A. , Ohnuma Tetsu , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Raghunathan Karthik , Sulo Suela , Cassady Bridget A. , Hegazi Refaat , Wischmeyer Paul E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative nutrition delivery is essential to surgical recovery; unfortunately, postoperative dietary intake is often poor. Recent surgical guidelines recommend use of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) to improve nutrition delivery. Our aim was to examine prevalence of coded ONS use over time and coded malnutrition rates in postoperative patients.MethodsThe Premier Healthcare Database (PHD) was queried for postoperative patients found to have charges for ONS between 2008–2014. ONS use identified via charge codes. Descriptive statistics utilized to examine prevalence of malnutrition and ONS utilization. Multilevel, multivariable logistic regression models were fit to examine factors associated with ONS use.ResultsA total of 2,823,532 surgical encounters were identified in PHD in 172 hospitals utilizing ONS charge codes. ONS‐receiving patients were 72% Caucasian, 65% Medicare patients with mean age of 66 ± 16.5 years. Compared with patients not receiving ONS, ONS patients had higher van Walraven severity scores (7.3 ± 7.8 vs 2.3 ± 5.6,P< .001) with greater comorbidities. Overall coded malnutrition prevalence was 4.3%. Coded malnutrition diagnosis increased from 4.4% to 5.2% during study period. Only 15% of malnourished patients received ONS. Individual hospital practice explained much of variation in early postoperative ONS use.ConclusionIn this large surgical population, inpatient ONS use is most common in older, Caucasian, Medicare patients with high comorbidity burden. Despite increased malnutrition during study period, observed ONS prescription rate did not increase. Our data indicate current ONS utilization in surgical patients, even coded with malnutrition, is limited and is a critical perioperative quality improvement opportunity.
Well‐maintained patients with a history of periodontitis still harbor a more dysbiotic microbiome than health
Authors: Lu Hongye , He Lu , Xu Jingling , Song Wenli , Feng Xianghui , Zhao Yibing , Meng Huanxin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unclear whether well‐maintained subjects, with periodontitis in the past, effectively treated, and maintained for a long time, have the same subgingival microbiome as healthy subjects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the subgingival microbiome in well‐maintained patients with a history of periodontitis compared with healthy subjects.MethodsWe recruited in 17 well‐maintained individuals (no evidence of clinical inflammation and progress of periodontitis) and 21 healthy individuals. Periodontal clinical parameters, consisting of missing teeth, plaque index (PLI), periodontal depth (PD), and bleeding index (BI), were recorded and analyzed. The pooled subgingival samples from mesiobuccal sites of two maxillary first molars were collected. The V3‐V4 region of 16S rRNA gene from 38 subgingival samples was sequenced and analyzed. Alpha diversity, microbial composition, types of bacteria, functional pathways between well‐maintained group and health group were compared using Mann‐Whitney U test. Spearman correlation was used in analyzing the symbiotic relationship among taxa. A classification model was constructed to distinguish two ecological types.ResultsThe maintained individuals demonstrated a different microbiome from healthy subjects, with higher diversity, more disordered structure, more pathogenic microbiota, and more host‐destructive metabolism pathways. The genera Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Leptotrichia, Capnocytophaga, Lautropia, and Fusobacterium were predominant components with relative abundance >5% in the subgingival microbiome of well‐maintained patients. The classification model by microbiota got a remarkable accuracy of 83.33%.ConclusionsIndividuals with well‐maintained periodontitis showed a more dysbiotic microbial community than healthy individuals. Therefore, close monitoring and scheduled maintenance treatment are necessary for them to maintain a healthy periodontal condition.
Kinetic study of depolymerization of polyurethanes: A experimental and computational insight for chemical recycling
Authors: Uliana Fabricio , Ambrozio Stener R. , Filho Eloi A. S. , Gonçalves Arlan S. , Melo Carlos Vital P. , Luz Priscilla P. , Silva Carlos Vinícius G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis work reports experimental and computational studies of polyurethanes depolymerization from industrial waste through a reaction with potassium hydroxide. A computational study was performed to identify the chemical reaction mechanism, which is more difficult to determine experimentally. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of activation process were also obtained by theoretical calculations. An experimental procedure led to products identified by 13C solid‐state NMR analysis, which agree to the computational study. A small variation of less than 5% in the activation energy values found between the data obtained through theoretical calculations and experimental methods suggests that the described computational procedure is enough to describe the process in a satisfactory manner.
Investigating the accuracy and precision of TE‐dependent versus multi‐echo QSM using Laplacian‐based methods at 3 T
Authors: Biondetti Emma , Karsa Anita , Thomas David L. , Shmueli Karin 
Published: June 2020

PurposeMulti‐echo gradient‐recalled echo acquisitions for QSM enable optimizing the SNR for several tissue types through multi‐echo (TE) combination or investigating temporal variations in the susceptibility (potentially reflecting tissue microstructure) by calculating one QSM image at each TE (TE‐dependent QSM). In contrast with multi‐echo QSM, applying Laplacian‐based methods (LBMs) for phase unwrapping and background field removal to single TEs could introduce nonlinear temporal variations (independent of tissue microstructure) into the measured susceptibility. Here, we aimed to compare the effect of LBMs on the QSM susceptibilities in TE‐dependent versus multi‐echo QSM.MethodsTE–dependent recalled echo data simulated in a numerical head phantom and gradient‐recalled echo images acquired at 3 T in 10 healthy volunteers. Several QSM pipelines were tested, including four distinct LBMs: sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data (SHARP), variable‐radius sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data (V‐SHARP), Laplacian boundary value background field removal (LBV), and one‐step total generalized variation (TGV). Results from distinct pipelines were compared using visual inspection, summary statistics of susceptibility in deep gray matter/white matter/venous regions of interest, and, in the healthy volunteers, regional susceptibility bias analysis and nonparametric tests.ResultsMulti‐echo versus TE‐dependent QSM had higher regional accuracy, especially in high‐susceptibility regions and at shorter TEs. Everywhere except in the veins, a processing pipeline incorporating TGV provided the most temporally stable TE‐dependent QSM results with an accuracy similar to multi‐echo QSM.ConclusionsFor TE‐dependent QSM, carefully choosing LBMs can minimize the introduction of LBM‐related nonlinear temporal susceptibility variations.
“To be lonely in your own loneliness”: The interplay between self‐perceived loneliness and rheumatoid arthritis in everyday life: A qualitative study
Authors: Bay Laila Twisttmann , Ellingsen Torkell , Giraldi Annamaria , Graugaard Christian , Nielsen Dorthe S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveLoneliness has a negative impact on physical health, and rheumatoid arthritis symptoms can lead to social isolation. However, there is a lack of research exploring patients' perspectives on self‐perceived loneliness in everyday life with rheumatoid arthritis. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the meaning and importance of self‐perceived loneliness among adult patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsThis study was designed as a qualitative, exploratory interview study using a narrative framework. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Danish adults with rheumatoid arthritis. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed within a narrative thematic framework.ResultsTen women and seven men were interviewed, aged between 18 and 73 years and a disease duration between 6 months and 40 years. Three themes were identified during the analysis: (1) explanations of loneliness in everyday life with rheumatoid arthritis, (2) disclosing or disguising loneliness, and (3) feelings of loneliness in social life.ConclusionThe findings from this study show that loneliness can be burdensome when living with RA. Narratives of loneliness can be hard for patients to disclose, so health care practitioners should take responsibility for legitimizing this subject. A narrative approach in consultations may be helpful to support patients and to encourage a dialogue about loneliness in everyday life with rheumatoid arthritis.
Pro & Contra Innovationsprinzip: Vorsorgeprinzip ist wichtig, kann aber überzogen werden
Authors: Quadbeck‐Seeger Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMit dem Fortschritt wachsen die Möglichkeiten, unerwünschte Wirkungen von Innovationen frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu bewerten.