bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amniotic membrane for retinal detachment due to paravascular retinal breaks over patchy chorioretinal atrophy in pathologic myopia
Authors: Caporossi Tomaso , De Angelis Lorenzo , Pacini Bianca , Rizzo Stanislao 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To describe a new surgical technique, using a human amniotic membrane patch, in two cases of retinal detachment with paravascular retinal breaks over patchy chorioretinal atrophy in pathologic myopia, already underwent pars plana vitrectomy with the internal limiting membrane peeling for myopic foveoschisis. Methods: Surgical technique description with surgical video. A 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy was performed. A human amniotic membrane patch was implanted under the neuroretina to seal the posterior retinal break. Standard silicone oil tamponade was performed at the end of the surgery. The patients were positioned face down after the operation for the first week. Optical coherence tomography scans were used in the follow-ups. Results: The 2 weeks postoperative optical coherence tomography showed a new tissue growth over the human amniotic membrane patch. The 3 months optical coherence tomography showed the new tissue entirely covering the human amniotic membrane plug. Visual acuity improved from 20/2000 (2 LogMAR) to 20/250 (1.1 LogMAR) 3 months after the operation in both patients. The silicone oil was extracted 2 months after surgery, and no recurrences were observed. The patient’s visual acuity remained stable at 20/250 after the silicone oil extraction. Conclusion: In these complex cases, human amniotic membrane transplantation can be a valid option, when internal limiting membrane has already been peeled in previous surgeries, to seal the posterior retinal breaks over high myopic chorioretinal atrophy, with encouraging results.
Results at 10–24 years after single-stage revision arthroplasty of infected total hip arthroplasty in patients under 45 years of age
Authors: Wolff Matthias , Lausmann Christian , Gehrke Thorsten , Zahar Akos , Ohlmeier Malte , Citak Mustafa 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The management of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip is a challenging procedure. One-stage exchange is carried out in specialist centres with comparable infection free survival rates. However, there is a paucity of long-term results of this approach in young patients. Methods: All patients undergoing one-stage exchange due to PJI with a known causative organism ⩽45 years of age with a minimum of 10-year follow-up (mean 15 years; range 10–24 years) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients older than 45 years of age or patients with a two-stage procedure were excluded from the study. The primary outcome measure was failure rate with special focus on reinfection at latest follow-up. Failure was defined as revision surgery for infection. Furthermore, functional outcome using the Harris Hip Score was determined initially and at latest follow-up. 26 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were available for final follow-up. Results: The study cohort consists of 16 male and 10 female patients with a mean age of 36.8 years (range 20–45 years) and a mean BMI of 29.8 kg/m2 (range 20.7–40.6 kg/m2). Prior to the single-stage procedure, the patients underwent an average of 3.1 previous surgical interventions (range 1–9). The mean hospital stay after septic revision was 19.7 days (11–33 days). Most infections were caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis ( n = 8, 30.8%), followed by Staph. aureus ( n = 7, 26.9%) and Propionibacterium acnes ( n = 6, 23.1%). At latest follow-up, the overall survival rate was 76.9 %, while infection control could be achieved in 96.2%. At final examination, the mean Harris Hip Score improved from 46.2 to 78.9 (range 18.0–99; SD, 22.6). Conclusions: Single-stage revision surgery for the management of PJI in patients ⩽45 years is a successful treatment option with high infection control, even after long-term follow-up.
Cementless total hip arthroplasty with delta-on-delta ceramic bearing in patients younger than 30 years
Authors: Lee Young-Kyun , Kim Ki-Choul , Yoon Byung-Ho , Kim Tae-Young , Ha Yong-Chan , Koo Kyung-Hoi 
Published: November 2019

Background: Despite improvements in the mechanical properties of alumina ceramics, the outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) with contemporary ceramic bearings in young patients remains a matter of concern. We evaluated the results of cementless THA with the use of the delta ceramic bearing, and determined the prevalence of osteolysis, squeaking, and ceramic fracture in patients aged < 30 years at mid-term. Methods: From March 2008 to January 2012, 76 consecutive patients (91 hips), younger than 30 years, underwent cementless THA with Delta ceramic bearings. In each follow-up, the clinical evaluation including noise and radiological evaluations were recorded. Results: Among them, 72 patients (86 THAs) were followed-up for a minimum of 5 years (mean 70.8; 60−95.9 months). There were 44 men (47 hips) and 28 women (39 hips). The mean age at the time of the index arthroplasty was 25.9 (16−30) years and the mean preoperative Harris Hip Score (HHS) was 59.4 (23−79) points. HHS improved to 96.3 (64−100) points at the final follow-up evaluation. 8 hips (9.3%) exhibited grinding or squeaking. No hip had aseptic loosening and no hip was revised. No osteolysis was detected around any acetabular or femoral components. Conclusions: Our results suggest that cementless THA with the use of Delta ceramic bearing provides satisfactory results without osteolysis or ceramic fracture in patients aged <30 years at a mid-term follow-up. Clinical Trials.gov Protocol Registration System (trial no. NCT01838096).
Trigeminal neuralgia associated with multiple sclerosis: A multimodal assessment of brainstem plaques and response to Gamma Knife radiosurgery
Authors: Li Cathy Meng Fei , Hung Peter Shih-Ping , Chu Powell PW , Tohyama Sarasa , Hodaie Mojgan 
Published: November 2019

Background: Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a minimally invasive procedure for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to multiple sclerosis (MS-TN). Patients with MS-TN experience suboptimal response rates to treatment, and the relationship between trigeminal microstructure and treatment outcome is poorly understood. Objective: To characterize imaging features of MS-TN pain and GKRS response. Methods: 3 T diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), T1-w, T2-w, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences were acquired for 18 MS-TN patients undergoing GKRS. Brainstem plaques were standardized into a common space to determine plaque distribution. Ratio of T1-w/T2-w or “myelin maps (MM)” was generated. Multi-tensor tractography was used to delineate the radiosurgical target (RT), root entry zone (REZ), and proximal pontine segment (PPS) of the trigeminal nerves. Results: Laterality of MS-TN is associated with increased axial diffusivity at the PPS, whereas decreased MM at the PPS correlated with poor GKRS response. Preoperatively, GKRS responders have higher fractional anisotropy at the RT, higher axial diffusivity at the REZ, and higher MM intensities at the PPS. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that diffusivities and MM intensities are important correlates of pain and treatment response, respectively. Overall, preoperative multimodal assessment of the central trigeminal pathway is a better indicator of GKRS response than postoperative assessment of the reduction in fractional anisotropy peripherally.
Protective role of resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, in sodium fluoride-induced toxicity inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Abolaji Amos O , Ajala Victor O , Adigun Janet O , Adedara Isaac A , Kinyi Hellen W , Farombi Ebenezer O 
Published: November 2019

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is used in water fluoridation and dental products such as mouth rinses and toothpastes. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of NaF and the protective role of resveratrol in Drosophila melanogaster. For longevity assay, Harwich strain of D. melanogaster was treated with NaF (0, 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 mg/kg diet) throughout the lifespan and daily mortality recorded. Then, flies were again treated with similar doses of NaF for seven days to evaluate survival rate and oxidative stress markers. Thereafter, 60 mg resveratrol/kg diet was selected to determine its ameliorative role in NaF (70 mg/kg)-induced toxicity in flies: Group A (control), Group B (60 mg resveratrol/kg diet), Group C (70 mg NaF/kg diet), and Group D (resveratrol, 60 mg/kg diet) + NaF, 70 mg/kg diet). Thereafter, Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities, as well as total thiol (T-SH), nitrites/nitrates and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were determined. The results showed that resveratrol prevented NaF-induced elevation of H2O2and nitrites/nitrates levels, as well as catalase activity. In addition, resveratrol restored NaF-induced inhibition of GST and AChE activities and depletion of T-SH content ( P < 0.05). Conclusively, resveratrol offered protective benefit against NaF-mediated toxicity in flies due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.Impact statementD. melanogaster was used to understand the impact of NaF on lifespan and emergence rate as well as the rescue role of resveratrol. These parameters are difficult to carry out in previously used models such as rodents. This further enforces in part, the suitability of D. melanogaster in studying NaF-induced toxicity and the therapeutic effects of drugs. Additionally, we found that resveratrol rescued D. melanogaster from oxidative stress-induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) administration. This study is of public health significance as it indicated that the consumption of fruits rich in resveratrol such as grapes may offer protective role against inadvertent exposure to NaF and related chemicals.
The Space Between: Transformative Learning and Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management
Authors: Smith-Miller Cheryl A. , Berry Diane C. , Miller Cass T. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Immigrant populations experience higher type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence rates and worse health outcomes secondary to T2DM than native-born populations. But as the largest immigrant population in the United States, the experience of T2DM diagnosis and self-management among Spanish-speaking, limited English-language proficient Latinx immigrants remains largely unexamined. This study used semistructured interviews to explore these phenomena among a cohort of 30 recent Latinx immigrants. Method: All aspects of data collection were conducted in Spanish. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Data analysis included descriptive statistical procedures. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using a grounded theory approach. Results: Patterns in the data analysis of 30 interviews identified accepting T2DM as a common transitional process that required significant changes in individuals’ self-perspective and ways of being. Accepting T2DM was identified by the participants as a precursor to treatment initiation. And while for most participants this transition period was brief, for some it took months to years. Distinct transitional stages were identified, categorized, and considered within the context of several theoretical orientations and were observed to align with those in transformative learning. Conclusion: Understanding differing responses and processing of a T2DM diagnosis could be leveraged to better support patients’ acceptance and transition into treatment.
Antithrombotic therapy and revascularisation strategies in people with diabetes and coronary artery disease
Authors: Rocca Bianca , Rubboli Andrea , Zaccardi Francesco 
Published: November 2019

Background Diabetes mellitus, largely type 2, affects nearly 10% of the global adult population according to the World Health Organization. Diabetes is an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease. Diabetes patients experience a two to three-fold increased incidence of coronary artery disease, despite improved metabolic control and management of other cardiovascular risk factors. Discussion Platelet abnormalities and activation as well as reduced antiplatelet drug responsiveness characterise diabetes mellitus. Mechanisms linking diabetes to platelet and vascular abnormalities, atherogenesis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are still only partially known, highlighting the unique complexity of the pro-atherogenic clinical scenario and its treatment. Consistently, a higher residual cardiovascular risk characterises patients with diabetes compared with those without, in spite of improved antiplatelet and antithrombotic treatment combinations. Randomised clinical trials aimed at optimising antiplatelet treatment specifically in patients with diabetes are lacking, both in acute and chronic coronary artery disease settings. Thus, patients with diabetes are treated with regimens validated in studies including only variable proportions of diabetes patients. Myocardial revascularisation appears to confer a comparable relative benefit between diabetes patients and patients without diabetes, and generally coronary artery bypass grafting has a better outcome in diabetes mellitus versus peripheral coronary intervention. New glucose-lowering drugs have been shown to reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events in secondary prevention. Type 1 diabetes mellitus remains less explored than type 2 in this context. Conclusion Diabetes-tailored antithrombotic strategies in acute and chronic coronary artery disease remain an unmet clinical need, requiring ad-hoc trials and precision pharmacological strategies.
Immediate Post-Operative Reconstruction of Calvarial Bone by Cranioplasty Prosthesis in Calvarial Bone Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: Gajdhar Shaiq , Gajdhar Sajda Khan 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: Immediate post-operative reconstruction of calvarial bone by cranioplasty prosthesis in calvarial bone fibrous dysplasia. An easy and economical method for reconstruction of the defect. Methods: Surgical excision of right parietal cranial space occupied lesion was performed followed by fabrication of immediate postoperative period cranioplasty prosthesis by using clear heat polymerized polymethylmethacrylate. Results: The cranial defect created during excision of calvarial bone fibrous dysplasia was immediately replaced by cranioplasty prosthesis which was fabricated in the immediate post-operative period using heat polymethylmethacrylate. Conclusions: Polymethylmethacrylate is a very reliable thermoplastic material that can be prefabricated or even placed immediately after post-operative period to produce a suitable prosthesis. Polymethylmethacrylate implants have been outmoded by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing and newer 3-dimensional printed implants, but these newer methods are accompanied by higher expenses and timing issues.
Early in-hospital exposure to statins and outcome after intracerebral haemorrhage – Results from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive
Authors: Doerrfuss Jakob I , Abdul-Rahim Azmil H , Siegerink Bob , Nolte Christian H , Lees Kennedy R , Endres Matthias , Kasner Scott E , Scheitz Jan F ,   on behalf of the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive (VISTA) collaboration
Published: November 2019

Introduction Recent data suggest that statin use after intracerebral haemorrhage might be beneficial. However, data on the effects of early in-hospital statin exposure are lacking. Therefore, we sought to assess whether (1) early statin exposure during the acute phase after intracerebral haemorrhage and (2) early continuation of prevalent statin use are associated with favourable functional outcome. Patients and methods Data were obtained from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive. Patients were categorised according to use patterns of statins during this early in-hospital phase (continuation, discontinuation or new initiation of statins). Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to explore the association between early statin exposure and functional outcome. Results A total of 919 patients were included in the analysis. Early in-hospital statin exposure (n = 89, 9.7%) was associated with better functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤ 3) compared with 790 patients without statin exposure before or early after the event (66% versus 47%, adjusted OR 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.3–3.6).  Compared with patients without exposure to statins before and early after the event, early continuation of statin therapy (n = 57) was associated with favourable functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.3–5.2). The association between early continuation of statins and outcome remained robust in sensitivity analyses restricted to patients able to take oral medication within 72 h and one-week survivors. Discussion It is possible that part of the observed associations are not due to a protective effect of statins but are confounded by indication bias. Conclusion Statin exposure and continuation of prevalent statin therapy early after intracerebral haemorrhage are associated with favourable functional outcome after 90 days.
Ether lipid metabolism by AADACL1 regulates platelet function and thrombosis
Authors: Holly Stephen P. , Gera Nidhi , Wang Putianqi , Wilson Alexander , Guan Ziqiang , Lin Ling , Cooley Brian , Alfar Hammodah R. , Patil Ruchi G. , Piatt Raymond , Leisner Tina M. , Bergmeier Wolfgang , Majumder Rinku , Parise Leslie V. 
Published: November 2019

Key PointsAn AADACL1 ether lipid substrate is phosphorylated in platelets and acts as an endogenous inhibitor of PKC isoforms. AADACL1 inhibition reduces circulating platelet reactivity and modulates thrombosis and hemostasis in vivo.
Imetelstat inhibits growth of megakaryocyte colony-forming units from patients with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Baerlocher Gabriela M. , Haubitz Monika , Braschler Thomas R. , Brunold Claudio , Burington Bart , Oppliger Leibundgut Elisabeth , Go Ning 
Published: November 2019

Key Points
Clinically relevant imetelstat concentrations significantly inhibit CFU-MEG formation from MNCs of ET patients and reduce hTERT expression. However, similar concentrations of imetelstat do not inhibit cytokine-induced CFU-MEG from MNCs of healthy donors.
Opportunities for immunotherapy in childhood acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lamble Adam J. , Tasian Sarah K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClinical outcomes for children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have improved minimally during the past 4 decades despite maximally intensive chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and optimized supportive care. Chemoresistance and relapse remain major sources of childhood cancer–associated mortality and highlight the need for alternative treatment approaches. The remarkable recent success of humoral and cellular immunotherapies in children and adults with relapsed/refractory B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia has inspired hope for similar accomplishments in patients with AML. However, unique challenges exist, including the biologic and immunophenotypic heterogeneity of childhood AML and the significant potential for on-target/off-tumor immunotherapeutic toxicity due to target antigen expression on nonmalignant cells. This article reviews the current landscape of antibody-based and cellular immunotherapies under current clinical evaluation with an emphasis on active or soon-to-open phase 1 trials for children with relapsed/refractory AML.
Silicon application and related changes in soil bacterial community dynamics reduced ginseng black spot incidence in Panax ginseng in a short-term study
Authors: Li Meijia , Wang Qiuxia , Liu Zhengbo , Pan Xiaoxi , Zhang Yayu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
This study analyzed the effect of silicon (Si) application on the occurrence of ginseng black spot caused by Alternaria panax. We explored the differences in soil physical and chemical factors and microbial community structure following Si application as well as the key factors that affected the occurrence of ginseng black spot in soil. Potted Panax ginseng plants were used to assess the effect of Si treatment on ginseng black spot. Soil physical and chemical properties were comprehensively analyzed. Bacterial communities were analyzed using Illumina HiSeq sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene.

Results
After inoculation with A. panax, the morbidity (and morbidity index) of ginseng with and without Si was 52% (46) and 83% (77), respectively. Soil physical and chemical analysis showed that under the ginseng black spot inoculation, bacterial communities were mainly affected by pH and available potassium, followed by ammonium nitrogen and available Si. NMDS and PLS-DA analyses and the heat maps of relative abundance revealed that Si application elevated the resistance of ginseng black spot as regulated by the abundance and diversity of bacterial flora in rhizosphere soils. Heatmap analysis at the genus level revealed that A. panax + Si inoculations significantly increased the soil community abundance of Sandaracinus, Polycyclovorans, Hirschia, Haliangium, Nitrospira, Saccharothrix, Aeromicrobium, Luteimonas, and Rubellimicrobium and led to a bacterial community structure with relative abundances that were significantly similar to that of untreated soil.

Conclusions
Short-term Si application also significantly regulated the structural impact on soil microorganisms caused by ginseng black spot. Our findings indicated that Si applications may possibly be used in the prevention and treatment of ginseng black spot.
Association and impact of hypertension defined using the 2017 AHA/ACC guidelines on the risk of atrial fibrillation in The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study
Authors: Rattani Anas , Claxton J’Neka S. , Ali Mohammed K. , Chen Lin Y. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Alvaro Alonso 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Hypertension is an established risk factor for the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). We evaluated the association and population impact of hypertension, defined using the new 2017 guidelines, on risk of AF.

Methods
In this analysis, we included 14,915 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study without history of AF. Participants underwent blood pressure measurements at baseline and their antihypertensive medication use was assessed. Incident AF was ascertained from study electrocardiograms, hospital records and death certificates. Cox proportional models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of AF among individuals with hypertension based on the JNC7 and 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines. Poisson models were used to obtain risk ratios and calculate population-attributable fractions (PAFs).

Results
We identified 2891 cases of incident AF during 21.4 years of mean follow-up. Prevalence of hypertension was 34 and 48% under the JNC7 and 2017 ACC/AHA definitions, respectively. HRs (95%CI) of AF in hypertensives versus non-hypertensives were 1.44 (1.32, 1.56) and 1.37 (1.26, 1.48) after multivariable adjustment under the old and new guidelines, respectively. The corresponding PAF (95%CI) using the old and new guidelines were 11% (8, 13%) and 13% (9, 16%), respectively.

Conclusions
Overall, our analysis shows that even though the prevalence of hypertension using the new criteria is 40% higher than with the old criteria, this does not translate into meaningful increases in AF attributable to hypertension. These results suggest that prevention or treatment of hypertension based on the new (versus old) guidelines may have limited impact on AF incidence.