bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Trends in Daily Ambulatory Electronic Health Record Use by Otolaryngologists
Authors: Giliberto John Paul , Ator Gregory , Carroll Thomas L. , Chan Teresa , Vahabzadeh‐Hagh Andrew 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveSince their development in the 1970s electronic health records (EHRs) are now nearly ubiquitous. This study aims to characterize the daily interactions of otolaryngology providers with EHRs.MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional review of provider efficiency profile (PEP) data, as collected by a major EHR vendor. Participating institutions had 6 months of de‐identified PEP data reviewed starting January 1, 2019. PEP data is generated for providers with scheduled patients, both attendings and advanced practice providers (APPs). Time metrics are recorded when a provider is interacting with the EHR including a 5‐second time‐out for inactivity.ResultsData on 269 otolaryngologists and 29 APPs from 10 institutions were evaluated. On scheduled ambulatory clinic days attendings spent 70 ± 36 (mean ± standard deviation) min interacting in the EHR versus 108 ± 46 min for APPs. Of the daily EHR time, mean time in notes, clinical review, in basket, orders, and schedule were 30.1 ± 19.4, 9.6 ± 6.1, 7.3 ± 5.8, and 5.8 ± 7.6 min, respectively. Per patient visit, median (interquartile range) time in notes, clinical review, and orders were 3.19 (2.2–4.9), 1.14 (0.63–1.8), and 0.70 (0.47–1.05) min, respectively. Mean progress note length was 4638 ± 2143 characters.ConclusionOtolaryngology providers spend a meaningful portion of their clinic day interacting with the EHR. PEP data may provide means to target interventions and a metric to measure the impact of those interventions on provider EHR efficiency.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:975–981, 2021
Comparison of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and rapid decalcificier solution for studying human temporal bones by immunofluorescence
Authors: Ghosh Sumana , Lewis Mark B. , Walters Bradley J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe pervasiveness of hearing loss and the development of new potential therapeutic approaches have led to increased animal studies of the inner ear. However, translational relevance of such studies depends upon verification of protein localization data in human samples. Cadavers used for anatomical education provide a potential research resource, but are limiting due to difficulties in accessing sensory tissues from the dense temporal bones. This study seeks to reduce the often months‐long process of decalcification and improve immunofluorescent staining of human cadaveric temporal bones for research use.MethodsTemporal bones were decalcified in either (a) hydrochloric acid‐containing RDO solution for 2 days followed by 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 3 to 5 additional days, or (b) 0.5 M EDTA alone for 2 to 4 weeks. Image‐iT FX signal enhancer (ISE) was used to improve immunofluorescent signal‐to‐noise ratios.ResultsThe data indicate that both methods speed decalcification and allow for immunolabeling of the extranuclear proteins neurofilament (heavy chain), myosin VIIa, oncomodulin and prestin. However, RDO decalcification was more likely to alter structural morphology of sensory tissues and hindered effective labeling of the nuclear proteins SRY‐box transcription factor 2 and GATA binding protein 3.ConclusionsAlthough both approaches allow for rapid decalcification, EDTA appears superior to RDO for preserving cytoarchitecture and immunogenicity.Level of evidenceNA.
The safety of in‐office laryngologic procedures during active antithrombotic therapy
Authors: Straub Jeffrey M. , Calamari Kevin A. , Shin Timothy J. , Janse Sarah A. , Forrest Lowell A. , deSilva Brad W. , Matrka Laura A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether patients undergoing in‐office laryngologic procedures on antithrombotic therapy are at increased risk for treatment‐related complications.MethodsPatients were those who underwent at least one in‐office laryngologic procedure with any of three fellowship‐trained laryngologists. Procedures were identified by current procedural terminology (CPT) code and included biopsies, excisions, laser ablations, and injections (therapeutic and augmentative). Patients were divided into two groups based on the use of antithrombotic therapy at the time of their procedure. Retrospective chart review was performed to identify any complications, with an average follow‐up of 186 days.ResultsFive hundred‐sixty‐four unique individuals were identified with ages ranging from 18 to 93 years old and with a relatively even distribution between females (45%) and males (55%). They underwent 647 procedures in total, 310 of which were performed while on some form of antithrombotic therapy. Sixteen procedures were associated with complications either during or after the procedure. In comparing overall complication rates, there was no significant difference between non‐antithrombotic (2.4%) and antithrombotic (3.3%) cohorts (OR 1.09, 95% CI [0.46‐2.60], P = .8454).ConclusionsIn spite of known risks in other settings, antithrombotic agents do not appear to confer increased risk of treatment‐related complications during in‐office laryngologic procedures, obviating the need for cessation of therapy prior to these interventions.Level of evidence4.
Spatial and temporal variations of bacterioplankton in the Chesapeake Bay: A re‐examination with high‐throughput sequencing analysis
Authors: Wang Hualong , Zhang Chuanlun , Chen Feng , Kan Jinjun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChesapeake Bay is a large, dynamic, and productive temperate estuary, which plays an important role in transporting terrestrial materials into the Atlantic Ocean. The bacterioplankton communities experience strong environmental changes both seasonally and along the central axis of the Bay. The goal of this study was to explore the spatiotemporal and interannual patterns of the bacterioplankton communities in the estuary using high‐throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Deep sequencing uncovered many new bacterial groups not found in earlier studies, and showed that Chesapeake Bay contained highly diverse and dynamic bacterial communities. Bacterioplankton in the Bay in summer and autumn were more diverse and stable than those in winter and spring. The spatial pattern was overruled by strong temporal variations when the samples from all seasons were analyzed together. But, the spatial trend became more visible when samples were analyzed separately in individual seasons. Bacterial diversity indices decreased from the upper Bay to lower Bay. The spatial and temporal distributions of bacterioplankton were best explained by variations of salinity and temperature. In addition, nutrient availability (nitrogen and phosphorus), chlorophyll a, and light availability also contributed significantly to the spatiotemporal variation. Despite the interannual variation of the bacterioplankton communities, a stable and reoccurring spatiotemporal pattern was observed in the Chesapeake Bay, suggesting limited functional redundancy for planktonic estuarine microbiomes. Our results highlight the resilience of the planktonic bacterial communities in estuaries with long residence time, and different bacterial groups have unique responses/adaptation to dynamic environmental gradients.
Using chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics to determine photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Gorbunov Maxim Y. , Falkowski Paul G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVariable fluorescence techniques are increasingly used to assess phytoplankton photosynthesis. All fluorescence techniques and models for photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETRs) are amplitude‐based and are subject to errors, especially when phytoplankton growth is nutrient‐limited. Here we develop a new, kinetic‐based approach to measure, directly and in absolute units, ETRs and to estimate growth rates in phytoplankton. We applied this approach to investigate the effects of nitrogen limitation on phytoplankton photophysiology and growth rates. Nutrient stress leads to a decrease in the quantum yield of photochemistry in Photosystem II (Fv/Fm); however, the relationship between Fv/Fm and growth rates is highly nonlinear, which makes it impossible to quantify the reduction in phytoplankton growth rates from Fv/Fm alone. In contrast, the decline in growth rates under nitrogen stress was proportional to the decrease in kinetic‐based photosynthetic rates. Our analysis suggests the kinetic fluorescence measurements markedly improve the accuracy of ETR measurements, as compared to classical amplitude‐based measurements. Fluorescence‐based methods for primary production rely on measurements of ETRs and then conversion to carbon fixation rates by using the electron yields of carbon fixation. The electron yields exhibit 10‐fold variability in natural phytoplankton communities and are strongly affected by nutrient limitation. Our results reveal that a decrease in the growth rates and the electron yields of carbon fixation is driven by, and can be quantified from, a decrease in photosynthetic turnover rates. We propose an algorithm to deduce the electron yields of carbon fixation, which greatly improve fluorescence‐based measurements of primary production and growth rates.
Sustainable, Site‐Specific Linkage of Antimicrobial Peptides to Cotton Textiles
Authors: Scapin Stefano , Formaggio Fernando , Glisenti Antonella , Biondi Barbara , Scocchi Marco , Benincasa Monica , Peggion Cristina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new general method to covalently link a peptide to cotton via thiazolidine ring formation is developed. Three different analogues of an ultrashort antibacterial peptide are synthesized to create an antibacterial fabric. The chemical ligation approach to the heterogeneous phase made up of insoluble cellulose fibers and a peptide solution in water is adapted. The selective click reaction occurs between an N‐terminal cysteine on the peptide and an aldehyde on the cotton matrix. The aldehyde is generated on the primary alcohol of glucose by means of the enzyme laccase and the cocatalyst 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl. This keeps the pyranose rings intact and may bring a benefit to the mechanical properties of the fabric. The presence of the peptide on cotton is demonstrated through instant colorimetric tests, UV spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The antibacterial activity of the peptides is maintained even after their covalent attachment to cotton fibers.
Macrophase versus Microphase Separation in Solutions of Block Copolymers: Lifshitz Line in the Energetic Parameter's Space
Authors: Kriksin Yury , Erukhimovich Igor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work is an in‐depth study of the stability of solutions of block copolymers with respect to both micro‐ and macrophase separation. For this purpose the correlation functions of block copolymers of various architectures are calculated as well as the critical values ​​of the wave number and Flory Huggins parameter at which a certain type of separation are estimated. As the result, the Lifshitz lines are built. Unlike some preceding papers dealing with the Lifshitz lines in the space of some thermodynamic parameters like polymer volume fraction, temperature, and composition, this consideration here concerns the space of some energetic (molecular) parameters related to the Flory–Huggins interaction parameters. In other words, this study answers a non‐trivial problem in which repeated units are to be chosen to synthesize such a block copolymer of a given architecture that its phase separation in a prescribed (micro‐ or macro) way would be guaranteed. A method is proposed for calculating the Lifshitz lines delimiting the regions of macro‐ and microphase separation in solutions of both diblock copolymers and copolymers of a more complex architecture.
Hemiplegic Migraine in Glut1 Deficiency Syndrome and Paroxysmal Dyskinesia at Ketogenic Diet Induction: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Gburek‐Augustat Janina , Heinze Anja , Abou Jamra Rami , Merkenschlager Andreas 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundA rare symptom of Glut1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS) is hemiplegic migraine (HM).CaseWe report a patient with Glut1 DS with a mild phenotype. His leading symptom was HM. As an unusual complication of the initiation of a ketogenic diet (KD), our patient developed paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia. Paroxysmal dyskinesia occurred first and exclusively at the initiation of KD.Literature ReviewThere are a few case reports for HM in Glut1 DS. All patients had additional neurological symptoms. Regarding central nervous system symptoms such as paroxysmal dyskinesia triggered by KD, we found only 1 other case report.DiscussionHM is part of the symptom complex of Glut1 DS and can be effectively treated by KD. Paroxysmal dyskinesia trigged by the initiation of KD should not lead to the discontinuation of the diet in Glut1 DS.
The recent outbreaks of human coronaviruses: A medicinal chemistry perspective
Authors: Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai , Wendt Lukas L. , Manickam Manoj , Easwaran Maheswaran 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronaviruses (CoVs) infect both humans and animals. In humans, CoVs can cause respiratory, kidney, heart, brain, and intestinal infections that can range from mild to lethal. Since the start of the 21st century, three β‐coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier to infect humans: severe‐acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐CoV‐1, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)‐CoV, and SARS‐CoV‐2 (2019‐nCoV). These viruses are dangerous and can easily be transmitted from human to human. Therefore, the development of anticoronaviral therapies is urgently needed. However, to date, no approved vaccines or drugs against CoV infections are available. In this review, we focus on the medicinal chemistry efforts toward the development of antiviral agents against SARS‐CoV‐1, MERS‐CoV, SARS‐CoV‐2, targeting biochemical events important for viral replication and its life cycle. These targets include the spike glycoprotein and its host‐receptors for viral entry, proteases that are essential for cleaving polyproteins to produce functional proteins, and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase for viral RNA replication.
Identification of a missense ARSA mutation in metachromatic leukodystrophy and its potential pathogenic mechanism
Authors: Guo Liyuan , Jin Bo , Zhang Yidan , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare inherited lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in ARSA. The biological processes of MLD disease caused by candidate pathogenic mutations in the ARSA gene remain unclear.MethodsWe used whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing to identify the pathogenic mutation in a Chinese family. Literature review and protein three‐dimensional structure prediction were performed to analyze the potential pathogenesis of the identified mutations. Overexpression cell models of wild‐type and mutated ARSA genes were constructed. The accumulated sulfatides and expression profiles in the cell models were detected, and a series of bioinformatics analyses were carried out to compare the biological changes caused by the candidate pathogenic mutations.ResultsWe identified an ARSA c.925G>A homozygous mutation from a Chinese late‐infantile MLD patient, the first report of this mutation in East Asia. The literature and protein structure analysis indicated that three types of mutations at c.925G (c.925G>A, c.925G>T, c.925G>C) were pathogenic. The overexpression of wild‐type or mutated ARSA genes influenced the accumulation of sulfatides. The co‐expression modules in the mutated cell models were constructed by genes related to calcium signaling and vesicle transport.ConclusionOur results identified a pathogenic mutation, ARSA homozygosity c.925G>A, from a Chinese MLD family. The pathogenic mechanism of the ARSA mutation in MLD was identified, which may suggest new approaches to diagnosis and treatment.
Exact traveling wave solutions of Chaffee–Infante equation in (2 + 1)‐dimensions and dimensionless Zakharov equation
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Kumar Sunil , Rehman Hamood , Ramzan Muhammad , Hasan Ahmad , Osman Mohamed S. 
Published: September 2020

In this work, the generalized Kudryashov method is used to obtain the exact traveling wave solutions for two important nonlinear evolution equations, the Chaffee–Infante equation in (2 + 1)‐dimensions and the dimensionless Zakharov equation. The generalized Kudryashov method is successfully used for getting exact solutions of these nonlinear equations in the form of exponential function solutions and hyperbolic function solutions. Moreover, we have discussed the dynamical behaviors through graphical representation of the solutions obtained in this way.
Dual‐frequency magneto‐dielectric resonator antenna based in a YIG matrix with control of HEM11δ and TE01δ modes
Authors: da Costa Andrécia P. , Fontgalland Glauco , Neto Alfrêdo G. , Sombra Antônio S. B. , do Valle Rômulo R. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work presents a magneto‐dielectric cylindrical resonator antenna (MDCRA) based on the YIG matrix, presenting two relevant new features. The first feature is to allow independent control of modes and the second one a dual‐band response. The MDCRA has two distinct propagation modes HEM11δ (5.78 GHz) and TE01δ (6.75 GHz) which can be controlled independently. The magneto‐dielectric resonator is manufactured using the magnetic ceramic material originated from the ferrites (Yttrium Iron Garnet, YIG) of composition Y3Fe2(FeO4)3, which is placed on low cost FR4 dielectric substrate. The microstrip feeding mechanism design assures the decoupling of the two modes by using orthogonal microstrip lines. The proposed MDCRA antenna was designed, fabricated, and then characterized inside an anechoic chamber. The scattering S‐parameters were analyzed in the frequency bands from 4.9 GHz to 7.6 GHz, with results within the expected range. The 2‐D and 3‐D radiation patterns are also presented. The validation was carried out with analytical mathematical equations, numerical formulation using the commercial CST Studio software, and experimental results, which shows a good agreement.
Numerical solution of the multiterm time‐fractional diffusion equation based on reproducing kernel theory
Authors: Hemati Farshad , Ghasemi Mehdi , Khoshsiar Ghaziani Reza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we present an efficient computational method for finding approximate solution of the multi term time‐fractional diffusion equation. The approximate solution is presented in the form of a finite series in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. The convergence of proposed method is studied under some hypothesis which provides the theoretical basis of proposed method for solving the considered equation. Finally, some numerical experiments are considered to examine the efficiency of proposed method in the sense of accuracy and CPU time.
Enamel hypoplasia in African enslaved individuals from Valle da Gafaria, Lagos, Portugal (15th–17th centuries)
Authors: Wasterlain Sofia N. , Rufino Ana Isabel , Carvalho Liliana M. , Ferreira Maria Teresa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDental enamel hypoplasia, a defect of enamel formation, has been widely used for the investigation of growth disruptions in past populations, as it provides a permanent record of disturbances occurring during an individual's development. With the aim of recording changes in health status during development of the African enslaved individuals recovered from Valle da Gafaria, Lagos, Portugal (15th–17th centuries), linear enamel hypoplastic defects were investigated in a sample of 78 individuals aged 12–40+ years old. Of the 744 anterior teeth present, 13.0% were not observable due to dental calculus, tooth wear or intentional modifications. In all, 647 teeth were macroscopically observed for the presence of dental enamel defects. The position of each defect on the crown was scored by measuring its distance to the cemento‐enamel junction on the labial surface of the crown, being the age of occurrence of the physiological stress thereafter calculated. Of the 78 individuals, 89.7% had at least one defect. Of the 647 teeth, 63.5% presented at least one defect. The age of occurrence of the physiological stress ranged between 1.5 and 5.2 years of age, and the mean peak age was between 3.3 and 3.7 years. A previous study has found that the non‐adult individuals of this skeletal assemblage died more frequently between 7 and 9 years. Although these two age ranges may represent distinct sets of adverse factors, such as weaning and workload, respectively, they reinforce the idea that the Lagos's individuals experienced harsh living conditions during childhood.
Effect of marketing strategies on the market performance and a comparative study of online travel agencies in India
Authors: Agarwal Shweta , Kumar Shailendra , Adichwal Nitesh Kumar 
Published: September 2020

The travel industry business in India started with its independence in 1945. India, a country with a lot of diversity, cultural heritage, and scores of languages presents unique challenges and opportunities for online travel agencies (OTAs). The internet changed the face of the travel industry. The travel boom, evolution of the internet, growing acceptance of e‐commerce, and the emergence of low‐cost carriers have been key factors that have contributed to the emergence of this sector.The present study attempts to bridge the research interests across marketing and finance disciplines. It tries to explore the relationship between the marketing and advertising efforts of the companies with the equity value of the Indian travel agencies. It also aims to compare the popularity and acceptance of online services provided by the major players in the travel and tourism industry in India based on the questionnaire survey conducted from 200 respondents.
Spurensuche in diffusem Licht
Authors: Scheffold Frank 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDiffuses, gestreutes Licht entsteht durch die zufällige Überlagerung der gestreuten Wellen in einem ungeordneten Material. Auf den ersten Blick scheint es wenig nützliche Information zu liefern. Nimmt man aber kohärente Lichtquellen, also Laser, so ändert sich das Bild. In den letzten dreißig Jahren wurden viele neue Kohärenzphänomene entdeckt, Messprinzipien und Algorithmen zur Analyse und Rekonstruktion entwickelt. So lassen sich Einblicke in opake weiche Materie gewinnen, die früher undenkbar gewesen wären. Da die Lichtvielfachstreuung in vielen Bereichen der Physik auftritt, lassen sich die Konzepte verallgemeinern und auch interdisziplinär einsetzen: von der Bildgebung über die Materialentwicklung bis zur Erforschung des Weltraums. Durch neue Techniken, programmierbare schnelle räumliche und zeitliche Lichtmodulatoren sowie durch die künstliche Intelligenz, sind noch bedeutende Fortschritte zu erwarten.