bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Quasi-Static Behavior of Double-Helical Gear Sets
Authors: Kang M.R. , Kahraman A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe quasi-static behaviors of a double-helical gear pair is investigated both experimentally and theoretically with the main focus on the influence of the key design and manufacturing parameters associated with double-helical gears, including nominal right-to-left stagger angle, the stagger angle deviation (error) from the nominal stagger angle, and axial gear supporting conditions. On the experimental side, a double-helical gear test setup proposed earlier (Kang, M. R., and Kahraman, A., 2015, “An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Dynamic Behavior of Double-Helical Gear Sets,” J. Sound Vib., 350, pp. 11–29). for studying dynamics of the same system is employed that allows adjustable right-to-left stagger angles, intentional stagger errors, and axial support conditions. Specific measurement systems are developed and implemented simultaneously to measure the static motion transmission error and axial motions of the gears under low-speed conditions, as well as gear root strains to determine right-to-left load-sharing factors. A test matrix that covers wide ranges of stagger angles, intentional stagger error, and axial support conditions is executed within a range of torque transmitted to establish an extensive database. On the modeling side, the measured quasi-static behavior of double-helical gear pairs is simulated by using an existing quasi-static double-helical load distribution model (Thomas, J., and Houser, D. R., 1992, “A Procedure for Predicting the Load Distribution and Transmission Error Characteristics of Double Helical Gears,” World Congress-Gear and Power Transmission, The 3rd World Congress—Gear and Power Transmission, Paris.). Direct comparison of the measurements and predictions of loaded static transmission error, axial play, root stresses, and right-to-left load-sharing factors are used to validate the quasi-static model as well as describing the measured behavior.
Identifying Higher-Order Interactions in Wave Time-Series
Authors: Ewans Kevin , Christou Marios , Ilic Suzana , Jonathan Philip 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Reliable design and reanalysis of coastal and offshore structures require, among other things, characterization of extreme crest elevation corresponding to long return periods. Extreme crests typically correspond to focused wave events enhanced by wave–wave interactions of different orders—third-order, four-wave interactions dominating in deep water (Janssen, P. A. E. M., 2003, “Nonlinear Four-Wave Interactions and Freak Waves,” J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33(4), pp. 863–884). Higher-order spectral (HOS) analysis can be used to identify wave–wave interactions in time-series of water surface elevation; trispectral analysis is needed to detect third-order, four-wave interactions. Four-wave interactions between Fourier components can involve interactions of the type where f1 + f2 + f3 = f4 and where f1 + f2 = f3 + f4, resulting in two definitions of the trispectrum—the T- and V-trispectrum (with corresponding tricoherences), respectively. It is shown that the T-tricoherence is capable of detecting phase-locked four-wave interactions of the type f4 = f1 + f2 + f3 when these are simulated with simple sinusoids, but such interactions were not detected in HOS model simulations and field data. It is also found that high V-tricoherence levels are detected at frequencies at which four-wave interactions of the type f1 + f2 = f3 + f4 are expected, but these may simply indicate combinations of independent pairs of Fourier components that happen to satisfy the frequency relationship. Preliminary analysis shows that using a cumulant-based trispectrum (Kravtchenko-Berejnoi, V., Lefeuvre, F., Krasnosel'skikh, V. V., and Lagoutte, D., 1995, “On the Use of Tricoherent Analysis to Detect Nonlinear Wave–Wave Interactions,” Signal Process., 42(3), pp. 291–309) may improve identification of wave–wave interactions. These results highlight that caution needs to be exercised in interpreting trispectra in terms of specific four-wave interactions occurring in sea states and further research is needed to establish whether this is in fact possible in practice.
Boulders as a lithologic control on river and landscape response to tectonic forcing at the Mendocino triple junction
Authors: Shobe Charles M. , Bennett Georgina L. , Tucker Gregory E. , Roback Kevin , Miller Scott R. , Roering Joshua J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConstraining Earth’s sediment mass balance over geologic time requires a quantitative understanding of how landscapes respond to transient tectonic perturbations. However, the mechanisms by which bedrock lithology governs landscape response remain poorly understood. Rock type influences the size of sediment delivered to river channels, which controls how efficiently rivers respond to tectonic forcing. The Mendocino triple junction region of northern California, USA, is one landscape in which large boulders, delivered by hillslope failures to channels, may alter the pace of landscape response to a pulse of rock uplift. Boulders frequently delivered by earthflows in one lithology, the Franciscan mélange, have been hypothesized to steepen channels and slow river response to rock uplift, helping to preserve high-elevation, low-relief topography. Channels in other units (the Coastal Belt and the Franciscan schist) may experience little or no erosion inhibition due to boulder delivery. Here we investigate spatial patterns in channel steepness, an indicator of erosion resistance, and how it varies between mélange and non-mélange channels. We then ask whether lithologically controlled boulder delivery to rivers is a possible cause of steepness variations. We find that mélange channels are steeper than Coastal Belt channels but not steeper than schist channels. Though channels in all units steepen with increasing proximity to mapped hillslope failures, absolute steepness values near failures are much higher (∼2×) in the mélange and schist than in Coastal Belt units. This could reflect reduced rock erodibility or increased erosion rates in the mélange and schist, or disproportionate steepening due to enhanced boulder delivery by hillslope failures in those units. To investigate the possible influence of lithology-dependent boulder delivery, we map boulders at failure toes in the three units. We find that boulder size, frequency, and concentration are greatest in mélange channels and that Coastal Belt channels have the lowest concentrations. Using our field data to parameterize a mathematical model for channel slope response to boulder delivery, we find that the modeled influence of boulders in the mélange could be strong enough to account for some observed differences in channel steepness between lithologies. At the landscape scale, we lack the data to fully disentangle boulder-induced steepening from that due to spatially varying erosion rates and in situ rock erodibility. However, our boulder mapping and modeling results suggest that lithology-dependent boulder delivery to channels could retard landscape adjustment to tectonic forcing in the mélange and potentially also in the schist. Boulder delivery may modulate landscape response to tectonics and help preserve high-elevation, low-relief topography at the Mendocino triple junction and elsewhere.
Association of visceral adiposity and clinical outcome among patients with aldosterone producing adenoma
Authors: Er Leay Kiaw , Lin Meng-Chun , Tsai Yao-Chou , Hsiao Jong-Kai , Yang Chung-Yi , Chang Chin-Chen , Peng Kang-Yung , Chueh Jeff S , Wu Vin-Cent 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of secondary hypertension that has significant cardiovascular events and increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and diabetics. Although plasma aldosterone concentration is positively correlated with visceral fat area (VFA) in non-PA individuals, the role of visceral adiposity associated with clinical success after surgery is not known.Research design and methodsWe analyzed patients who underwent adrenalectomy for aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) at the Taiwan PA Investigator group. VFA was calculated from the abdominal CT scan at APA diagnosis, and all patients received adrenalectomy.ResultsThe study involved 100 consecutive patients with APA (42 males; mean age 49.3 years) matched with 41 essential hypertension (EH) patients. Patients with APA had smaller VFA (p=0.010) than their EH counterparts. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the duration of hypertension (p=0.007), but not plasma aldosterone, was negatively correlated with VFA in patients with APA. Logistic regression analysis showed that log VFA (OR=0.065, p<0.001) and duration of hypertension before PA diagnosis (OR=0.919, p=0.011) can predict complete clinical success after adrenalectomy. Multifactor-adjusted generalized additive model demonstrated that log VFA <9.2 was associated with complete cure of hypertension. Furthermore, VFA was increased at 6 months after adrenalectomy (p=0.045).ConclusionsPatients with APA had smaller VFA than their EH counterparts, and VFA increased after adrenalectomy. Clinical complete cure of hypertension after surgery was associated with smaller VFA and shorter duration of hypertension at PA diagnosis, suggesting a potential interplay of visceral adiposity and aldosterone of the patients with APA.
Building capacity: getting evidence-based practice into healthcare professional curricula
Authors: Lehane Elaine , Agreli Heloise , O' Connor Simone , Hegarty Josephine , Leahy Warren Patricia , Bennett Deirdre , Blake Catherine , Burke Frank , Corrigan Mark , Drennan Jonathan , Hayes Martina , Heffernan Elizabeth , Horgan Frances , Lynch Helen , McVeigh Joseph , Müller Nicole , O'Keeffe Elizabeth , O'Rourke Niamh , O'Toole Eve , O'Tuathaigh Colm , Sahm Laura , Savage Eileen 
Published: July 2020

Fostering a culture of clinical effectiveness in healthcare is crucial to achieving optimum outcomes for patients. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a cornerstone of clinical effectiveness. An EBP capacity-building project commenced in Ireland in 2016, in collaboration with the Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine in Oxford. A key part of this project, reported here, was the development of a competency framework for education in EBP and clinical effectiveness to ensure responsiveness of education standards and curricula of healthcare professionals in this area.

Methods
Following a review of national and international reports, professional guidance documents and empirical literature pertaining to clinical effectiveness education (CEE), a preliminary competency framework was developed. Stakeholder consultations were conducted over a 6-month period, which consisted of 13 focus groups (n=45) and included representatives from clinical practice, higher education and professional training sectors, regulator/accrediting bodies, the Department of Health (Ireland) and patient/service user groups.

Results
An overarching interprofessional competency framework for CEE was proposed and included the following domains: EBP, quality improvement processes, implementation strategies and collaborative practice: a total of 16 competencies and 60 indicators.

Conclusion
A competency framework for CEE for health and social care professionals is presented. It is intended that this framework will provide guidance to healthcare educators and regulators in the construction and revision of curricula, learning outcomes, teaching and assessment strategies, and graduate/clinician attributes.
Preferences for different diagnostic modalities to follow up abnormal colorectal cancer screening results: a hypothetical vignette study
Authors: Kaushal Aradhna , Stoffel Sandro Tiziano , Kerrison Robert , von Wagner Christian 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesIn England, a significant proportion of people who take part in the national bowel cancer screening programme (BCSP) and have a positive faecal occult blood test (FOBt) result, do not attend follow-up colonoscopy (CC). The aim of this study was to investigate differences in intended participation in a follow-up investigation by diagnostic modality offered including CC, CT colonography (CTC) or capsule endoscopy (CE).SettingWe performed a randomised online experiment with individuals who had previously completed an FOBt as part of the English BCSP.MethodsParticipants (n=953) were randomly allocated to receive one of three online vignettes asking participants to imagine they had received an abnormal FOBt result, and that they had been invited for a follow-up test. The follow-up test offered was either: CC (n=346), CTC (n=302) or CE (n=305). Participants were then asked how likely they were to have their allocated test or if they refused, either of the other tests. Respondents were also asked to cite possible emotional and practical barriers to follow up testing. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate intentions.ResultsIntention to have the test was higher in the CTC group (96.7%) compared with the CC group (91.8%; OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.22 to 5.73). CTC was considered less ‘off-putting’ (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.94) and less uncomfortable compared with CC (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.77). For those who did not intend to have the test they were offered, CE (39.7%) or no investigation (34.5%) was preferable to CC (8.6%) or CTC (17.2%).ConclusionsAlternative tests have the potential to increase attendance at diagnostic follow-up appointments.
Evaluation of the teaching recovery techniques community-based intervention for accompanied refugee children experiencing post-traumatic stress symptoms (Accompanied refugeeS In Sweden Trial; ASsIST): study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Warner Georgina , Durbeej Natalie , Salari Raziye , Fängström Karin , Lampa Elin , Baghdasaryan Zaruhi , Osman Fatumo , Gupta Löfving Sandra , Perez Aronsson Anna , Feldman Inna , Sampaio Filipa , Ssegonja Richard , Bjärtå Anna , Rondung Elisabet , Leiler Anna , Wasteson Elisabet , Calam Rachel , Oppedal Brit , Keeshin Brooks , Sarkadi Anna 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundRefugee children have often experienced traumas and are at significant risk of developing mental health problems, such as symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety, which can continue for years after resettlement. The Accompanied refugeeS In Sweden Trial (ASsIST) aims to evaluate a community-based intervention, called ‘Teaching Recovery Techniques’ (TRT), for accompanied refugee minors experiencing PTSD symptoms.Methods/designA cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted in which participants will be randomly allocated to one of the two possible arms: the intervention arm (n=113) will be offered the TRT programme and the waitlist-control arm (n=113) will receive services as usual, followed by the TRT programme around 20 weeks later. Outcome data will be collected at three points: pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2; c.8 weeks after randomisation) and follow-up (T3; c.20 weeks after randomisation).Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala (Ref. 2018/382) (24th February 2019). Results will be published in scientific journals.Trial registration detailsISRCTN17754931. Prospectively registered on 4th June 2019.
Healthy brain, healthy life: a review of diet and exercise interventions to promote brain health and reduce Alzheimer’s disease risk
Authors: Baranowski Bradley J. , Marko Daniel M. , Fenech Rachel K. , Yang Alex J.T. , MacPherson Rebecca E.K. 
Published: July 2020

With the world’s population aging at a rapid rate, the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has significantly increased. These statistics are alarming given recent evidence that a third of dementia cases may be preventable. The role of lifestyle factors, such as diet and exercise, can directly alter the risk of disease development. However, an understanding of the effectiveness of dietary patterns and exercise strategies to reduce AD risk or improve brain function is not fully understood. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of diet and exercise on AD risk. Key components of the Western and Mediterranean diets are discussed in relation to AD progression, as well as how physical activity promotes brain health. Components of the Western diet (saturated fatty acids and simple carbohydrates) are detrimental to the brain, impair cognition, and increase AD pathologies. While components of the Mediterranean diet (polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and antioxidants) are considered to be neuroprotective. Exercise can significantly reduce the risk of AD; however, specific exercise recommendations for older adults are limited and optimal intensity, duration, and type remains unknown. This review highlights important modifiable risk factors for AD and points out potential avenues for future research. Novelty Diet and exercise are modifiable factors that can improve brain health and reduce the risk of AD. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and antioxidants are neuroprotective. Exercise reduces neuroinflammation, improves brain insulin sensitivity, and increases brain derived neurotrophic factor.
Nitrogen rate and source effects on foliar sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid composition of potato Russet Burbank
Authors: Wen Guoqi , Cambouris Athyna N. , Ziadi Noura , Bertrand Annick , Khelifi Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

The foliar chemicals in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) could affect the growth and development of agricultural pests, such as Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). Thus, altering the chemical composition of potato leaves could potentially supplement integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, field experiments were conducted in Quebec, Canada, to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) rate and source on foliar sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid concentrations and tuber yield of potato cultivar Russet Burbank. Three N fertilizer sources of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and polymer-coated urea were used at four rates of 60, 120, 200, and 280 kg N ha−1 plus an unfertilized control in a randomized complete block design. The fourth leaves from the top of 20 randomly selected plants in each plot were collected at 54, 68, and 82 d after planting for sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid analysis. Tubers were collected at harvest, and the total and marketable yields were determined. Results showed that N fertilization linearly decreased sugar concentrations and these reduced sugars were conveyed and stored in tubers as starch. Glycoalkaloid concentrations in leaves were influenced by N source and rate. Both total and marketable yields quadratically varied with increasing N rates regardless of N sources, with average values of 36.4 and 28.3 Mg ha−1, respectively. As N rate affected potato foliar chemical composition and tuber yield, N fertilization could be considered as a supplemental tool to the IPM strategy for potato pest control.
Double parton correlations in mesons within AdS/QCD soft-wall models: a first comparison with lattice data
Authors: Rinaldi Matteo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDouble parton distribution functions (dPDFs), entering the double parton scattering (DPS) cross section, are unknown fundamental quantities encoding new interesting properties of hadrons. Here, the pion dPDFs are investigated within different holographic QCD quark models in order to access their basic features. Results of the calculations obtained within the AdS/QCD soft-wall approach, have been compared with predictions of lattice QCD evaluations of the pion two-current correlation functions. The present analysis confirms that double parton correlations, affecting dPDFs, are very important and not direct accessible from generalised parton distribution functions and electromagnetic form factors. The comparison between lattice data and quark model calculations unveils the relevance of the contributions of high partonic Fock states in the pion. Nevertheless, by using a complete general procedure, results of lattice QCD have been used, for the first time, to estimate the mean value of the so called $$\sigma _{eff}$$σeff, a relevant experimental observable for DPS processes. In addition, the results of the first calculations of the $$\rho $$ρ meson dPDFs are discussed in order to make predictions.
Uniqueness of bubbling solutions of mean field equations with non-quantized singularities
Authors: Wu Lina , Zhang Lei 
Published: July 2020

For singular mean field equations defined on a compact Riemann surface, we prove the uniqueness of bubbling solutions if some blowup points coincide with the singularities of the Dirac data. If the strength of the Dirac mass at each blowup point is not a multiple of [Formula: see text], we prove that bubbling solutions are unique. This paper extends previous results of Lin-Yan [C. S. Lin and S. S. Yan, On the mean field type bubbling solutions for Chern–Simons–Higgs equation, Adv. Math. 338 (2018) 1141–1188] and Bartolucci et al. [D. Bartolucci, A. Jevnikar, Y. Lee and W. Yang, Uniqueness of bubbling solutions of mean field equations, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 123 (2019) 78–126].
Evaluating preprocessing and interpolation strategies to create moving regions from real-world observations
Authors: Costa Rogério Luís C. , Miranda Enrico , Dias Paulo , Moreira José 
Published: July 2020

Spatio-temporal data may be used to represent the evolution of real-world objects and phenomena. Such data can be represented in discrete time, which associates spatial information (like position and shape) to time instants, or in continuous time, in which the representation of the evolution of the phenomena is decomposed into slices and interpolation functions are used to estimate the intermediate position and shape at any time. The use of a discrete model may seem more straightforward, but a continuous representation provides potential gains in terms of data management, including in compression and spatio-temporal operations.
In this work, we study the use of the continuous model to represent deformable moving regions captured at discrete snapshots. We use a dissimilarity distance-based strategy to select the observations that should be used to define the time slices of the continuous representation, thus transforming data acquired at discrete steps into a continuous model. We also study how the use of geometry simplification algorithms and simplification levels may impact on moving regions interpolation quality.
We evaluate our proposals using a dataset composed by thousands of aerial bush-fires images. After applying object simplification and slice decomposition, we use two region interpolation algorithms to generate in-between observations and compare them with geometries representing real images. The results prove the effectiveness of our proposals and their importance in terms of interpolation accuracy.