bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles Provides Novel Insights into the Development and Evolution of the Large Crustacean Eriocheir Sinensis
Authors: Wang Jun , Chen Xiaowen , He Funan , Song Xiao , Huang Shu , Yue Wucheng , Chen Yipei , Su Zhixi , Wang Chenghui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an important aquaculture species in Crustacea. Functional analysis, although essential, has been hindered due to the lack of sufficient genomic or transcriptomic resources. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was conducted on 59 samples representing diverse developmental stages (fertilized eggs, zoea, megalopa, three sub-stages of larvae, juvenile crabs, and adult crabs) and different tissues (eyestalk, hepatopancreas, and muscle from juvenile crabs, and eyestalk, hepatopancreas, muscle, heart, stomach, gill, thoracic ganglia, intestine, ovary, and testis from adult crabs) of E. sinensis. A comprehensive reference transcriptome was assembled, including 19,023 protein-coding genes. Hierarchical clustering based on 128 differentially expressed cuticle-related genes revealed two distinct expression patterns during the early larval developmental stages, demonstrating the distinct roles of these genes in “crab-like” cuticle formation during metamorphosis and cuticle calcification after molting. Phylogenetic analysis of 1406 one-to-one orthologous gene families identified from seven arthropod species and Caenorhabditis elegans strongly supported the hypothesis that Malacostraca and Branchiopoda do not form a monophyletic group. Furthermore, Branchiopoda is more phylogenetically closely related to Hexapoda, and the clade of Hexapoda and Branchiopoda and the clade of Malacostraca belong to the Pancrustacea. This study offers a high-quality transcriptome resource for E. sinensis and demonstrates the evolutionary relationships of major arthropod groups. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study facilitate further investigation of the cuticle-related gene expression networks which are likely associated with “crab-like” cuticle formation during metamorphosis and cuticle calcification after molting.
The effect of inhalation aromatherapy of geranium on pain and physiological indices after appendectomy: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gazerani Akram , Sarchahi Zohreh , Hosseini Sara Sadat , lakziyan Rasool , Abavisani Mahnaz 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of inhalation aromatherapy with sweet-scented geranium essential oil on pain and physiological indices after appendectomy.

Methods:
This double-blind clinical trial was performed on 120 patients undergoing appendectomy. Aromatherapy was performed with 1% sweet-scented geranium and sweet almond oil in the experimental placebo groups, respectively. Physiological symptoms were recorded before induction of anesthesia, before surgery, 30 min and 4 h after surgery. The control group received no intervention and only pain intensity and physiological indices were recorded in the mentioned stages. The placebo group underwent sweet almond essential oil aromatherapy. Data collection tools included demographic information form, physiological index checklist, and visual pain scale.

Results:
Results of 7 measurements showed significant differences between the experimental and placebo groups as well as the experimental and control groups in terms of mean heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood oxygen percentage, and pain (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Results of the present study showed that the effect of inhalation aromatherapy with sweet-scented geranium essential oil after appendectomy reduces pain and physiological indices. Therefore, the above aromatherapy can be used as a complementary treatment along with other treatments.

Highlights
The Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration: a kaleidoscope of international law
Authors: Chetail Vincent 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration has prompted an intense political debate at both the international and domestic levels. Most controversies focus on its legal stance and highlight the hybrid character of the Compact as a soft-law instrument. While acknowledging the political nature of the Compact, this paper delves into its legal dimensions from the perspective of international law. This inquiry into its normative content discloses three main features: (1) the Compact is not a codification of international legal norms governing migration; it is an instrument of both (2) consolidation and (3) expansion of international law to foster inter-governmental co-operation and promote safe, orderly and regular migration.
Kompetente Eltern – Glückliche Kinder?
Authors: Supke Max , Hahlweg Kurt , Schulz Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund. Im internationalen Vergleich befinden sich deutsche Kinder hinsichtlich ihrer gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (gLQ) im Mittelfeld, wobei psychische Auffälligkeiten die kindliche gLQ am stärksten einschränken. Fragestellung. Ziel war es zu untersuchen, ob Kindergartenkinder von Eltern, die am Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) teilgenommen haben, kurz- (1/‍2/‍3 Jahres-FU) und langfristige (10 Jahres-FU) positive Effekte in ihrer gLQ, gemessen mit dem KINDLR ( Ravens-Sieberer & Bullinger, 2000 ), zeigen. Methode. N = 219 Familien mit Kindergartenkindern aus dem Projekt Zukunft Familie wurden analysiert. Ergebnisse. Es konnten weder quer- noch längsschnittlich Effekte des Triple P aus Sicht der Kinder, Mütter und Väter auf die gLQ nachgewiesen werden. Sowohl Mütter als auch Väter überschätzen im Vergleich mit ihren Kindern die gLQ. Schlussfolgerungen. Das Triple P hat keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Verlauf der gLQ. In der zukünftigen Forschung sollten die Perspektiven von Kindern und Eltern berücksichtigt werden, da sie sich ergänzen könnten. Ein Modul in Elterntrainings, welches die gLQ fokussiert, könnte langfristige positive Effekte erzielen. Zukünftige Forschung zur positiven Beeinflussung der kindlichen gLQ ist notwendig.
Mesoscale Variability in the Boundaries of the Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Eastern South Pacific: Influence of Intrathermocline Eddies
Authors: Auger P. A. , Bento J. P. , Hormazabal S. , Morales C. E. , Bustamante A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe vertical variability in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the eastern South Pacific (ESP; 0–40°S) is characterized by the influence of anticyclonic intrathermocline eddies (ITEs), which are subsurface‐intensified mesoscale features that are frequently generated in the coastal upwelling zone off Peru and Chile. The unique lens‐shaped signatures that ITEs leave on temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen vertical distributions are used as proxies to assess their influences on vertical OMZ boundaries and thickness. Data from in situ profiles in the region (World Ocean Database and Argo databases) are used in correlation analyses between anomalous depths (and vertical displacements) of oxyclines and isopycnals/isotherms, together with an objective eddy detection method based on satellite altimetry to identify the location of such profiles (i.e., outside or inside cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies). The results indicate that most of the vertical fluctuations in the climatological OMZ have a lens‐shaped signature and that those at the mesoscale are largely due to ITEs. ITEs are a main driver of the upper oxycline variability in the coastal band, the coastal transition zone (CTZ, 3–10° from the coast) and beyond at mid‐latitudes (12–26°S). The influence of ITEs on the upper and lower oxycline variability is mostly observed within the horizontal (offshore) climatological boundary of the OMZ, suggesting that ITEs play a role in the OMZ offshore extension in the ESP. ITEs may produce mesoscale variations in the thickness of the surface‐oxygenated layer, resulting in potential changes in prey‐predator interactions and in food web functioning.
Trends and Variability of Atmospheric Downward Longwave Radiation Over China From 1958 to 2015
Authors: Wei Yu , Zhang Xiaotong , Li Wenhong , Hou Ning , Zhang Weiyu , Xu Jiawen , Feng Chunjie , Jia Kun , Yao Yunjun , Cheng Jie , Jiang Bo , Wang Kaicun , Liang Shunlin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSurface downward longwave radiation (SDLR) is a major component of the energy budget. Although studies have reported the spatiotemporal variations of SDLR in China, the spatiotemporal coverage of the situ measurements used is always limited. In this study, the gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT) was developed to reconstruct SDLR based on air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), and downward shortwave radiation (DSR). Ground measurements collected at the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and the Arid and Semi‐arid Region Collaborative Observation Project (ASRCOP) were used to build and evaluate the GBRT model. The evaluation results showed that the daily SDLR estimates are correlated well with the SDLR in situ, with an overall root mean square errors (RMSE) of 16.5 Wm−2 and a correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.91 for the validation data set. Comparison with existing SDLR products showed that accuracy and trends of the SDLR estimates based on the GBRT method are reasonable. To obtain long‐term SDLR data for spatiotemporal analysis over China, densely distributed reconstructed DSR and ground measured Ta and RH collected at 756 Chinese Meteorological Administration (CMA) stations were used as input to estimate the SDLR based on the GBRT method over China during 1958–2015. The long‐term estimated SDLRs at the selected 563 stations showed that SDLR increased at an average rate of 1.3 Wm−2 per decade over China from 1958 to 2015. The trend of SDLR is positively correlated with the trend in Ta and water vapor pressure, whereas negatively correlated with the trend in DSR.
Microseismic Events Cause Significant pH Drops in Groundwater
Authors: Stillings M. , Lunn R. J. , Pytharouli S. , Shipton Z. K. , Kinali M. , Lord R. , Thompson S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEarthquakes cause rock fracturing, opening new flow pathways which can result in the mixing of previously isolated geofluids with differing geochemistries. Here, we present the first evidence that seismic events can significantly reduce groundwater pH without the requirement for fluid mixing, solely through the process of dynamic rock fracturing. At the Grimsel Test Site, Switzerland, we observe repeated, short‐lived groundwater pH drops of 1–3.5 units, while major and minor ion groundwater concentrations remain constant. Acidification coincides with reservoir drainage and induced microseismic events. In laboratory experiments, we demonstrate that fresh rock surfaces made by particle cracking interact with the in situ water molecules, likely through creation of surface silanols and silica radicals, increasing the H+ concentration and significantly lowering groundwater pH. Our findings are significant; pH exerts a fundamental control on the rate and outcome of most aqueous geochemical reactions and microseismic events are commonplace, even in seismically inactive regions.
A Stochastic View of the 2020 ElazığMw6.8 Earthquake (Turkey)
Authors: Ragon Théa , Simons Mark , Bletery Quentin , Cavalié Olivier , Fielding Eric 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUntil theMw6.8 Elazığ earthquake ruptured the central portion of the East Anatolian Fault (EAF, Turkey) on January 24, 2020, the region had only experienced moderate magnitude (Mw < 6.2) earthquakes over the last century. We use geodetic data to constrain a model of subsurface fault slip. We adopt an unregularized Bayesian sampling approach relying solely on physically justifiable prior information and account for uncertainties in both the assumed elastic structure and fault geometry. The rupture of the Elazığ earthquake was mostly unilateral, with two primary disconnected regions of slip. This rupture pattern may be controlled by structural complexity. Both the Elazığ and 2010Mw6.1 Kovancılar events ruptured portions of the central EAF that are believed to be coupled during interseismic periods, and the Palu segment is the last portion of the EAF showing a large fault slip deficit which has not yet ruptured in the last 145 years.
Continuous Estimates of Glacier Mass Balance in High Mountain Asia Based on ICESat‐1,2 and GRACE/GRACE Follow‐On Data
Authors: Wang Qiuyu , Yi Shuang , Sun Wenke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlacier melt in High Mountain Asia (HMA) is an indicator of climate change and has a major impact on the regional hydrology and freshwater supply. We determined the recent status of HMA glaciers based on the first analysis of Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite‐2 (ICESat‐2) data. We used the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On (FO) data to complement ICESat‐1,2 data and validate them independently. We find a good agreement between ICESat‐1,2 and GRACE/GRACE‐FO data, which demonstrates the high reliability of results. Based on our results, the continuous glacier mass change from 2003 to 2019 is −28 ± 6 Gt yr−1, which is more negative than stereo imagery‐based studies. The regional variability of the glaciers ranges from −1.07 ± 0.10 m yr−1 in southeastern Nyaingentanglha to +0.16 ± 0.10 m yr−1 in West Kunlun. ICESat‐2 data enable new insight into the continuous measurement of HMA glacier elevation change.
Genetic Relations Between the Aves Ridge and the Grenada Back‐Arc Basin, East Caribbean Sea
Authors: Garrocq Clément , Lallemand Serge , Marcaillou Boris , Lebrun Jean‐Frédéric , Padron Crelia , Klingelhoefer Frauke , Laigle Mireille , Münch Philippe , Gay Aurélien , Schenini Laure , Beslier Marie‐Odile , Cornée Jean‐Jacques , Mercier de Lépinay Bernard , Quillévéré Frédéric , BouDagher‐Fadel Marcelle ,   the GARANTI cruise team
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Grenada Basin separates the active Lesser Antilles Arc from the Aves Ridge, described as a Cretaceous‐Paleocene remnant of the “Great Arc of the Caribbean.” Although various tectonic models have been proposed for the opening of the Grenada Basin, the data on which they rely are insufficient to reach definitive conclusions. This study presents, a large set of deep‐penetrating multichannel seismic reflection data and dredge samples acquired during the GARANTI cruise in 2017. By combining them with published data including seismic reflection data, wide‐angle seismic data, well data and dredges, we refine the understanding of the basement structure, depositional history, tectonic deformation and vertical motions of the Grenada Basin and its margins as follows: (1) rifting occurred during the late Paleocene‐early Eocene in a NW‐SE direction and led to seafloor spreading during the middle Eocene; (2) this newly formed oceanic crust now extends across the eastern Grenada Basin between the latitude of Grenada and Martinique; (3) asymmetrical pre‐Miocene depocenters support the hypothesis that the southern Grenada Basin originally extended beneath the present‐day southern Lesser Antilles Arc and probably partly into the present‐day forearc before the late Oligocene‐Miocene rise of the Lesser Antilles Arc; and (4) the Aves Ridge has subsided along with the Grenada Basin since at least the middle Eocene, with a general subsidence slowdown or even an uplift during the late Oligocene, and a sharp acceleration on its southeastern flank during the late Miocene. Until this acceleration of subsidence, several bathymetric highs remained shallow enough to develop carbonate platforms.
Evidence for a Stratified Upper Mantle Preserved Within the South Pole‐Aitken Basin
Authors: Moriarty D. P. , Watkins R. N. , Valencia S. N. , Kendall J. D. , Evans A. J. , Dygert N. , Petro N. E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe evolution and compositional structure of the lunar mantle has been extensively modeled but insufficiently constrained by observations. Here, we identify and characterize mantle materials exposed by the Moon's largest impact basin to better understand the composition, stratigraphy, and evolution of the upper mantle. The vast South Pole‐Aitken Basin (SPA) exhibits a broad, crescent‐shaped thorium and potassium distribution. These incompatible elements are predicted to be concentrated in the dregs of the lunar magma ocean during end‐stage crystallization. Through consideration of basin formation models convolved with subsequent geologic evolution, we demonstrate that the distribution and implied stratigraphy of Th‐ and K‐bearing materials across SPA are consistent with an upper mantle ejecta origin. The most pristine exposures of these materials are confined to northwest SPA and also exhibit elevated Ti and Fe (relative to the farside highlands) in association with a gabbronoritic mineralogy. This is consistent with late‐stage magma ocean assemblages predicted by petrologic models. In contrast, SPA impact melt derived from greater depths is associated with a low‐Ca pyroxene‐dominated assemblage. Together, these compositional patterns are evidence for a stratified ancient upper mantle. Importantly, the incompatible‐element‐enriched, ilmenite‐bearing ferroan gabbronoritic cumulates evidently had not participated in gravitational overturn at the time of SPA formation. Contrary to recent hypotheses invoking nearside sequestration of incompatible elements to explain hemispherical differences in crustal building and volcanic resurfacing, it follows that incompatible elements were globally distributed in the magma ocean at the time of SPA formation.
Self‐Limitation of Sand Storage in a Bedrock‐Canyon River Arising From the Interaction of Flow and Grain Size
Authors: Topping David J. , Grams Paul E. , Griffiths Ronald E. , Dean David J. , Wright Scott A. , Unema Joel A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBedrock‐canyon rivers tend to be supply limited because they are efficient transporters of sediment and not because the upstream supply of sediment is small. A byproduct of this supply limitation is that the finer alluvium stored in these rivers has shorter residence times and smaller volumes than in alluvial rivers. To improve our understanding of disequilibrium sediment transport and its effect on sand storage in bedrock‐canyon rivers, we undertook a 20‐year study, synthesized herein, of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. Despite the large loads for which it was renowned, this river exhibited evidence of natural sand‐supply limitation and became the perfect natural laboratory for studying sand transport in a bedrock canyon after upstream dam construction exacerbated this supply limitation. During our study, we made and analyzed an unprecedented ∼2.5 million measurements of the suspended and bed sediment. Results indicate that sand storage in this bedrock‐canyon river is self‐limiting owing to the physical controls of flow and grain size causing negative feedbacks that likely also operate in other bedrock‐canyon rivers. Following episodic tributary floods that supply finer sand, sand migrates quickly downstream in the form of a wave in which large systematic changes in bed‐sand grain size occur. These grain‐size changes cause discharge‐independent systematic changes in suspended‐sand concentration in excess of a factor of 20. Although the tributary supply of sand increases the amount of sand storage, it also greatly increases the downstream sand transport by causing bed‐sand fining, thus limiting the residence time and volume of sand storage.
Melatonin prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through suppression of AMPKα2-dependent mitochondrial damage
Authors: Yang Goowon , Song Minhyeok , Hoang Dang Hieu , Tran Quynh Hoa , Choe Wonchae , Kang Insug , Kim Sung Soo , Ha Joohun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe clinical application of doxorubicin, one of the most effective anticancer drugs, has been limited due to its adverse effects, including cardiotoxicity. One of the hallmarks of doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity is mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite intensive research over recent decades, there are no effective approaches for alleviating doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. Melatonin, a natural hormone that is primarily secreted by the pineal gland, is emerging as a promising adjuvant that protects against doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity owing to its pharmaceutical effect of preserving mitochondrial integrity. However, the underlying mechanisms are far from completely understood. Here, we provide novel evidence that treatment of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts with doxorubicin strongly induced AMP-activated protein kinase α2 (AMPKα2), which translocated to mitochondria and interfered with their function and integrity, ultimately leading to cellular apoptosis. These phenomena were significantly blocked by melatonin treatment. The levels of AMPKα2 in murine hearts were tightly associated with cardiotoxicity in the context of doxorubicin and melatonin treatment. Therefore, our study suggests that the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity is a key factor in reducing doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity and indicates that AMPKα2 may serve as a novel target in the design of cytoprotective combination therapies that include doxorubicin.
Autophagy, apoptosis, and neurodevelopmental genes might underlie selective brain region vulnerability in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Hess Jonathan L. , Radonjić Nevena V. , Patak Jameson , Glatt Stephen J. , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLarge-scale brain imaging studies by the ENIGMA Consortium identified structural changes associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It is not clear why some brain regions are impaired and others spared by the etiological risks for ADHD. We hypothesized that spatial variation in brain cell organization and/or pathway expression levels contribute to selective brain region vulnerability (SBRV) in ADHD. In this study, we used the largest available collection of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results from the ADHD ENIGMA Consortium (subcortical MRI n = 3242; cortical MRI n = 4180) along with high-resolution postmortem brain microarray data from Allen Brain Atlas (donors n = 6) from 22 brain regions to investigate our SBRV hypothesis. We performed deconvolution of the bulk transcriptomic data to determine abundances of neuronal and nonneuronal cells in the brain. We assessed the relationships between gene-set expression levels, cell abundance, and standardized effect sizes representing regional changes in brain sizes in cases of ADHD. Our analysis yielded significant correlations between apoptosis, autophagy, and neurodevelopment genes with smaller brain sizes in ADHD, along with associations to regional abundances of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The lack of enrichment of common genetic risk variants for ADHD within implicated gene sets suggests an environmental etiology to these differences. This work provides novel mechanistic clues about SBRV in ADHD.