bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topographic characteristics of the left atrial medial isthmus
Authors: Piątek‐Koziej Katarzyna , Hołda Jakub , Bolechała Filip , Kopacz Paweł , Koziej Mateusz , Chłosta Marcin , Tyrak Kamil , Jasińska Katarzyna A. , Hołda Mateusz K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to provide detailed topography of the left atrial medial isthmus (situated between the right inferior pulmonary vein ostium and the medial part of the mitral annulus).MethodsTwo hundred human hearts (Caucasian, 22.5% females, 48.7 ± 4.9 years old) were investigated.ResultsThe mean length of the medial isthmus was 42.4 ± 8.6 mm. Additionally, the medial isthmus line was divided by the oval fossa into three sections with equal mean lengths (upper: 14.2 ± 7.2 vs middle: 14.1 ± 6.1 vs lower: 14.9 ± 4.6 mm; P > .05). The left upper section of the atrial wall was thinner than the lower section (2.5 ± 1.1 vs 3.4 ± 1.6 mm; P < .0001). This study noted three separate spatial arrangements of the isthmus line. Type I (54.5%) had an oval fossa located outside the isthmus line; type II (32.5%) had an oval fossa crossed by the isthmus line, and type III (13.0%) had an oval fossa rim located tangentially to the isthmus line. In 68.5% of the examined specimens, the isthmus area had a smooth surface. Conversely, the remaining 31.5% had additional structures within its borders such as diverticula, recesses, and tissue bridges.ConclusionThis study is the first to describe the morphometric and topographical features of the left atrial medial isthmus. Interventions within the medial isthmus line should be performed cautiously, especially when they are transected by the oval fossa (32.5%). Careful navigation of the area is also recommended due to the possibility of existent additional structures. The latter could lead to catheter entrapment during ablation procedures.
The evolution of the modern avian digestive system: insights from paravian fossils from the Yanliao and Jehol biotas
Authors: O'Connor Jingmai K. , Zhou Zhonghe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe avian digestive system, like other aspects of avian biology, is highly modified relative to other reptiles. Together these modifications have imparted the great success of Neornithes, the most diverse clade of amniotes alive today. It is important to understand when and how aspects of the modern avian digestive system evolved among neornithine ancestors in order to elucidate the evolutionary success of this important clade and to understand the biology of stem birds and their closest dinosaurian relatives: Mesozoic Paraves. Although direct preservation of the soft tissue of the digestive system has not yet been reported, ingested remains and their anatomical location preserved in articulated fossils hint at the structure of the digestive system and its abilities. Almost all data concerning direct evidence of diet in Paraves comes from either the Upper Jurassic Yanliao Biota or the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Biota, both of which are known from deposits in north‐eastern China. Here, the sum of the data gleaned from the thousands of exceptionally well‐preserved fossils of paravians is interpreted with regards to the structure and evolution of the highly modified avian digestive system and feeding apparatus. This information suggests intrinsic differences between closely related stem lineages implying either strong homoplasy or that diet in each lineage of non‐ornithuromorph birds was highly specialized. Regardless, modern digestive capabilities appear to be limited to the Ornithuromorpha, although the complete set of derived feeding related characters is restricted to the Neornithes.
Current Evidence Lacking to Guide Clinical Practice for Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of the Literature and a Proposal for Future Study
Authors: Dombovy‐Johnson Marissa L. , Hunt Christine L. , Morrow Melissa M. , Lamer Tim J. , Pittelkow Thomas P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveChronic pain is commonly reported in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs), with recent prevalence reported as high as 80%. Uncontrolled pain is known to decrease quality of life, attenuate mood, and impact sleep. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for the treatment of refractory pain was first used in the SCI population in 1972. To date there have been no randomized controlled trials examining the effect of SCS on neuropathic pain post‐SCI. A literature review in 2009 identified 27 studies, the majority prior to 2000, that included at least 1 patient with SCI. Given the significant advancements in the field of SCS, this review examines the updated evidence of SCS for the treatment of neuropathic pain in individuals with SCI and provides guidance on future investigations.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched. All published reports, case series, and clinical trials reviewing SCS for neuropathic pain that included at least 1 individual with SCI were included.ResultsThe initial search identified 376 reports, of which 22 met inclusion criteria, for a total of 69 patients. All reports were of very low quality. A majority of the reported patients were male, underwent tonic stimulation, and reportedly experienced improvement in pain and spasticity, with decreased use of pain medication.ConclusionsThe synthesized findings from primarily case studies support the safety of SCS in SCI with the suggestion of potential pain relief benefit; however, data from low‐quality studies are insufficient for informing clinical practice. A well‐designed, prospective clinical trial is proposed to further investigate this indication.
Arabidopsis GDSL1 overexpression enhances rapeseed Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance and the functional identification of its homolog in Brassica napus
Authors: Ding Li‐Na , Li Ming , Guo Xiao‐Juan , Tang Min‐Qiang , Cao Jun , Wang Zheng , Liu Rui , Zhu Ke‐Ming , Guo Liang , Liu Sheng‐Yi , Tan Xiao‐Li 
Published: November 2019

SummarySclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating disease of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). To date, the genetic mechanisms of rapeseed’ interactions with S. sclerotiorum are not fully understood, and molecular‐based breeding is still the most effective control strategy for this disease. Here, Arabidopsis thaliana GDSL1 was characterized as an extracellular GDSL lipase gene functioning in Sclerotinia resistance. Loss of AtGDSL1 function resulted in enhanced susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum. Conversely, overexpression of AtGDSL1 in B. napus enhanced resistance, which was associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) levels, and reduced jasmonic acid levels. In addition, AtGDSL1 can cause an increase in lipid precursor phosphatidic acid levels, which may lead to the activation of downstream ROS/SA defence‐related pathways. However, the rapeseed BnGDSL1 with highest sequence similarity to AtGDSL1 had no effect on SSR resistance. A candidate gene association study revealed that only one AtGDSL1 homolog from rapeseed, BnaC07g35650D (BnGLIP1), significantly contributed to resistance traits in a natural B. napus population, and the resistance function was also confirmed by a transient expression assay in tobacco leaves. Moreover, genomic analyses revealed that BnGLIP1 locus was embedded in a selected region associated with SSR resistance during the breeding process, and its elite allele type belonged to a minor allele in the population. Thus, BnGLIP1 is the functional equivalent of AtGDSL1 and has a broad application in rapeseed S. sclerotiorum‐resistance breeding.
Pediatric drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Metterle Lauren , Hatch Leigh , Seminario‐Vidal Lucia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe adverse drug reaction including integumentary and internal organs. An extensive literature review of DRESS in the pediatric population has not been performed.MethodsA literature search was performed to find reports of pediatric DRESS published between 1997 and March 2019. If not already included, each case was scored based on RegiSCAR criteria. Only “probable” or “definite” cases of DRESS were included in the analysis, totaling 130 cases.ResultsIn the pediatric population, the average age of diagnosis for DRESS was 8.7 years old. The most common causative drugs include antiepileptics (50%) and antibiotics (30.8%). Time from drug exposure to DRESS presentation averaged 23.8 days. Common clinical symptoms include rash (99.2%) (typically morbilliform (89.2%)), fever (96.2%), eosinophilia (90%), and lymphadenopathy (74.6%). Human herpesvirus‐6 reactivation was observed in 16.1% of cases. The most commonly affected internal organ was the liver (80%), followed by the spleen (21.5%) and kidney (15.4%). Management strategies involved, either alone or in combination, included corticosteroids (intravenous 60.8% and oral 41.5%), intravenous immunoglobulins (12.3%), plasmapheresis (2.3%), and ganciclovir (1.5%). Long‐term sequelae occurred in 10.8% of patients, most commonly hypothyroidism (3.8%), liver failure (3.1%), and diabetes (2.3%). The mortality rate was 5.4%.ConclusionThis literature review highlights the presentation and course of pediatric DRESS. Morbilliform eruption, fever, and eosinophilia appear to be clinical hallmarks of pediatric DRESS. Common causative agents, specifically carbamazepine, are comparable to the adult population. Furthermore, the mortality rate from DRESS is significant and is similar between pediatric and adult patients.
Maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy and childhood behavioural problems: Discrepancies between mother‐ and teacher‐reported outcomes
Authors: Parker Samantha E. , Collett Brent R. , Werler Martha M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMaternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy is common and has been associated with childhood behavioural problems among offspring, specifically hyperactivity and conduct problems.ObjectiveAssessments of child behaviour in many previous studies have relied on maternal or parent report. Acknowledging that results of behavioural assessments vary between informants, we examined the association between maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy and behaviour problems in childhood based on mother‐ and teacher‐report.MethodsA longitudinal study of 560 mother‐child pairs with data on illnesses and medication use during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental assessments during childhood was conducted. Acetaminophen use during pregnancy was captured using a standardised maternal interview, completed 1 year after delivery on average. Measures of childhood (6‐12 years of age) behaviour were obtained via mother‐ and teacher‐report, using the Child Behaviour Checklist and Teacher Report Form. Linear and log‐binomial models were used to calculate adjusted mean differences (MD) and risk ratios (RR), respectively and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for internalising, externalising, and total behaviour problems comparing acetaminophen users to non‐users. Stabilized inverse probability weights were used to account for loss to follow‐up, and adjustments for indication were made.ResultsApproximately 60% (n = 354) of women reported use of acetaminophen during pregnancy. Acetaminophen use during pregnancy was associated with an increase in total behaviour problem score and risk of clinical behaviour problems according to mother report (MD 2.2, 95% CI 0.3, 4.1 and RR 1.93, 95% CI 0.99, 3.76) but not according to teacher report. Weighting to account for participation did not alter results, while adjustment for indications of acetaminophen use greatly attenuated the associations with mother‐reported total behaviour problem score and risk of clinical behaviour problems (MD 0.1, 95% CI −2.1, 2.3 and RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.67, 2.58).ConclusionsAcetaminophen use during pregnancy was weakly associated with mother‐reported behaviour problems and not associated with teacher‐reported problems.
Age‐related declines in ejaculate quality and sperm kinematics vary among strains of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Farooq Umar , Malecki Irek A. , Mahmood Misbah , Martin Graeme B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor successful breeding programs, it is important to quantify the useful period of a male's reproductive life and it is often done simply by measurement of semen quality. This information is lacking for Japanese quail so we tested whether there is a decline in ejaculate quality and sperm kinematics with age, and whether the decline varies among strains. Nine males (n = 9) from each of 5 strains (A, B, C, D and E) were subjected to 4 semen collections (n = 16 per male) at 8, 16, 26 and 36 weeks of age. Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate were measured, and sperm kinematics were analysed using a Sperm Class Analyser (SCA®). There was a significant effect of age for ejaculate volume, total sperm per ejaculate and per cent medium sperm. The effect of the interaction between age and strain was significant for percent progressive motile sperm, percent rapid sperm, velocity curvilinear, velocity straight line, velocity average path, linearity, straightness and beat cross frequency. Ejaculate volume peaked at Week 26 in all strains, while peak values for sperm concentration and total sperm per ejaculate were observed at Week 16 for most strains. There were declines in percent motile sperm, progressive motile sperm and rapid sperm, and in velocity curvilinear velocity, velocity straight line and velocity average path, by Week 16 for most strains. Linearity declined by Week 26 in some strains, and all strains showed a significant decline in beat cross frequency by that age. In conclusion, the ability of CASA to detect age‐related changes in sperm kinematics makes it a valuable tool for identifying the best males and thus improving quail flock fertility. It is essential that breeders understand that age affects both sperm production and sperm kinematics, and that the changes vary with strain.
Characterization of Historical Methane Occurrence Frequencies from U.S. Underground Natural Gas Storage Facilities with Implications for Risk Management, Operations, and Regulatory Policy
Authors: Schultz Richard A. , Hubbard Douglas W. , Evans David J. , Savage Sam L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDefining a baseline for the frequency of occurrences at underground natural gas storage facilities is critical to maintaining safe operation and to the development of appropriate risk management plans and regulatory approaches. Currently used frequency‐estimation methods are reviewed and broadened in this article to include critical factors of cause, severity, and uncertainty that contribute to risk. A Bayesian probabilistic analysis characterizes the aleatoric historical occurrence frequencies given imperfect sampling. Frequencies for the three main storage facility types in the United States (depleted oil‐and‐gas field storage, aquifer storage, solution‐mined salt cavern storage) are generally on the order of 3 to 9 × 10–2occurrences, of all causes (surface, well integrity, subsurface integrity) and severities (nuisance, serious, catastrophic), per facility‐year. Loss of well integrity is associated with many, but not all, occurrences either within the subsurface or from there up to the surface. The probability of one serious or catastrophic leakage occurrence to the ground surface within the next 10 years, assuming constant number of facilities, is approximately 0.1–0.3% for any facility type. Storage operators and industry regulators can use occurrence frequencies, their associated probabilities and uncertainties, and forecasts of severity magnitudes to better prioritize resources, establish a baseline against which progress toward achieving a reduction target could be measured, and develop more effective mitigation/monitoring/reduction programs in a risk management plan.
The CCL20 and CCR6 axis in psoriasis
Authors: Furue Kazuhisa , Ito Takamichi , Tsuji Gaku , Nakahara Takeshi , Furue Masutaka 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPsoriasis is a TNF‐α/IL‐23/IL‐17A–mediated inflammatory skin disease that causes a significant socioeconomic burden in afflicted patients. IL‐17A–producing immune cells, including Th17 cells, are crucial effector cells in the development of psoriasis. IL‐17A stimulates epidermal keratinocytes to produce CCL20, which eventually recruits CCR6 + Th17 cells into the lesional skin. Thus, the CCL20/CCR6 axis works as a driving force that prepares an IL‐17A–rich cutaneous milieu. In this review, we summarize the current research topics on the CCL20/CCR6 axis and the therapeutic intervention of this axis for psoriasis.
Rural Sociology Revival: Engagements, Enactments and Affectments for Uncertain Times
Authors: Carolan Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article, originally a Keynote Address at the XXVIII European Society for Rural Sociology Congress (Trondheim, Norway, 25–28 June 2019), reflects on my positionality as a citizen‐academic at a time when democracies around the world are threatened by runaway incivility, anxiety and hate. Such reflexivity ought to be encouraged in the field and ultimately leveraged as we practice engaged scholarship that also affords empathy and justice. Much of my recent scholarship represents, in part, a response to personal frustrations and anxieties in the face of tensions around authoritarian populism and rural‐urban asymmetries. The research reviewed touches on such subjects as political ontologies, the politics surrounding public and private concerns, the future as a Durkheimian social fact, rural‐urban linkages and social justice. The data presented attempts, collectively, to make the point the while the twenty‐first century is said to belong to cities, the field of rural sociology has never been more salient. The article speaks of how and why a recommitment to our sociological roots, which involves further embracing our sociological imaginations, may help others better grasp the field’s value, while helping the academy better grapple with issues of social justice.
Collective citizenship: From citizenship and mental health to citizenship and solidarity
Authors: Quinn Neil , Bromage Billy , Rowe Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough the concept of citizenship is a widely used theoretical framework within political philosophy, its use in the field of mental health remains underexplored. Within this context, citizenship emphasises the social inclusion and participation of people who are marginalized and offers a more social and relational view of services and support for people with mental health problems than has been common in mental health systems of care. At the same time, however, the citizenship approach has operated in the context of systems of care in the United States that favour highly individualized conceptions of, and approaches to, care, and these systems of care operate in the social and political context of highly individualized concepts of the citizen. In this article building on the work of other citizenship scholars, we argue that a collective form of citizenship, grounded in the 5Rs framework, holds the individual and collective in creative tension. Furthermore, the paper applies this model to the domain of mental health, where people are treated in individualistic ways and experience marginalisation, making the collective dimension imperative and promoting participation, empowerment and the contribution for social change to people with mental health problems. Our theoretical framework of collective citizenship, while geared toward the needs of persons with mental health problems, also contributes to recent citizenship theory on the inclusion of marginalized, stigmatised, and excluded groups. We illustrate the application of this approach through an ethnographic‐participant observation case study of a collective citizenship group with which we are associated.
Just Say No to p < x (∀x ∊ (0, 1]), *s and Other Evil Things
Authors: Hug Simon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNull hypothesis significance testing has plagued our disciplines for a longer time than is appreciated and despite of various repeated discussion the inherent problems of this approach have not been taken into consideration. Thus, a more radical change in our approach to uncertainty is necessary which also requires changes in publication decisions.
To P or not to P? The Usefulness of P‐values in Quantitative Political Science Research
Authors: Troeger Vera E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis contribution gives a short overview over the mechanics of significance testing in inferential statistics, in particular linear models, and tries to put the discussion about the usefulness of p‐values into a broader perspective of scientific practise. This discussion needs to be embedded into the larger debate about the credibility crises faced by empirical social science research. In particular, it seems of utmost importance to discuss what the profession as a whole, journals, publishers, as well as editors can do to encourage better research practise that generates reliable and useful empirical findings.
Design and field methods of the ARISE Network Adolescent Health Study
Authors: Darling Anne Marie , Assefa Nega , Bärnighausen Till , Berhane Yemane , Canavan Chelsey R. , Guwatudde David , Killewo Japhet , Oduola Ayoade , Sando Mary M. , Sie Ali , Sudfeld Christopher , Vuai Said , Adanu Richard , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe ARISE Network Adolescent Health Study is an exploratory, community‐based survey of 8075 adolescents aged 10–19 in 9 communities in 7 countries: Burkina Faso, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda. Communities were selected opportunistically and existing population cohorts maintained by health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSSs). The study is intended to serve as a first round of data collection for African adolescent cohorts, with the overarching goal of generating community‐based data on health‐related behaviours and associated risk factors in adolescents, to identify disease burdens and health intervention opportunities. Household‐based sampling frames were used in each community to randomly select eligible adolescents (aged 10–19 years). Data were collected between July 2015 and December 2017. Consenting participants completed face‐to‐face interviews with trained research assistants using a standardised questionnaire, which covered physical activity, cigarette and tobacco use, substance and drug use, mental health, sexual behaviours and practices, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy, food security and food diversity, teeth cleaning and hand washing, feelings and friendship, school and home activities, physical attacks and injuries, health care, health status assessment and life satisfaction, as well as media and cell phone use and socio‐demographic and economic background characteristics. Results from this multi‐community study serve to identify major adolescent health risks and disease burdens, as well as opportunities for interventions and improvements through policy changes.