bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational weight gain disparities in South Carolina: Temporal trends, 2004‐2015
Authors: Wende Marilyn E. , Liu Jihong , Mclain Alexander C. , Wilcox Sara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined secular trends in gestational weight gain (GWG) and findings are inconsistent. Parallel to increasing trends in pre‐pregnancy obesity, we hypothesised similar increasing GWG trends.ObjectivesThe study examined trends in GWG in South Carolina (SC), using methods to reduce bias. We also examined whether the 12‐year trends in GWG varied according to race/ethnicity and pre‐pregnancy weight.MethodsData came from SC birth certificates, 2004 to 2015. We calculated standardised GWG z‐scores (GWGZ), using smoothed reference values to account for gestational age and pre‐pregnancy body mass index. Quantile regression was used to examine trends in GWGZ, adjusting for pre‐pregnancy weight status, race/ethnicity, parity, WIC participation, smoking during pregnancy, residence, age, and birth cohort.ResultsAmong 615 093 women, the mean GWGZ was −0.4 (SD = 1.3), which increased from −0.4 in 2004‐2005 to −0.2 in 2014‐2015. GWGZ increased at the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles (ranging 0.04 to 0.73 units), with differential trends observed in sub‐groups by pre‐pregnancy weight and racial/ethnic group. Notably, non‐Hispanic White women showed larger increasing trends (0.89 units) compared to non‐Hispanic Black (0.55 units) and Hispanic (0.76 units) women in the 5th percentile. Decreasing trends were seen overall for the 90th (−0.02) and 95th percentile (−0.06 units) but positive trends were not seen among women experiencing obese class 1 (no change in 90th and 95th), and 2 (0.01 units in 90th, −0.02 units in 95th).ConclusionsThis study shows increasing GWGZ trends from the 5th to the 75th percentiles and decreasing trends in 90th and 95th percentiles in SC for the last decade. Racial/ethnic and pre‐pregnancy weight disparities did not improve over the study period. Future research is needed to confirm these findings in other states and to develop strategies to narrow racial and pre‐pregnancy weight disparities at the highest and lowest percentiles.
Pathways from parenting practices to adolescent suicidality: Evidence on the role of emotional and behavioral symptoms from a prospective cohort of Canadian children
Authors: Kingsbury Mila , Sucha Ewa , Manion Ian , Gilman Stephen E. , Colman Ian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate longitudinal relationships between parenting practices in childhood and adolescent suicidality, and assess the mediating role of emotional and behavioral symptoms.MethodsData were drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a Canadian population‐based longitudinal cohort study. The sample included 9,490 children aged 10–11 who were followed up biennially to ages 14–15. Parents reported their positive and punitive parenting practices when children were 10–11. Adolescents self‐reported symptoms of depression/anxiety, hyperactivity, conduct disorder, and social aggression at 12–13, and past‐year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts at 14–15.ResultsThe inverse associations between positive parenting at 10–11 and suicidal behaviors at 14–15 were significantly mediated by symptoms of hyperactivity, conduct disorder, and social aggression at 12–13. Direct relationships between punitive parenting and suicidal behaviors were observed. These associations were significantly mediated by hyperactivity and, among boys only, by conduct disorder and social aggression. The association between punitive parenting and suicide attempt was additionally mediated by depression/anxiety.ConclusionsParenting in childhood may be associated with adolescent suicidality both directly and indirectly through emotional and behavioral symptoms. Interventions aimed at reducing the use of harsh disciplinary strategies and promoting positive parent–child interactions may reduce the burden of adolescent suicidality.
Contemporary practice of standardised bedside teaching rounds
Authors: Haddon Mullins Clarence , Roderick Adam , Deaver Jill , Willig James 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYBackgroundThe purpose of this article is to review the extant literature on bedside teaching rounds within the context of ward rounds performed with the entire clinical team at the patient’s bedside, and to assess the effects of standardisation of this process on patient and learner satisfaction, as well as other duty‐hour restrictions and patient care metrics in the academic inpatient setting. Ultimately, the intent of this review is to inform faculty development sessions for educators on the benefits and challenges of standardised rounding protocols.MethodsWe performed a search of PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL databases (from 2003 to August 2019). Randomised, controlled trials, pre‐ and post‐interventional studies and cohort studies, in English, were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently searched, screened and analysed the studies, and a narrative synthesis was performed. Articles were evaluated methodologically using the Medical Education Research Quality Study Instrument (MERQSI).ResultsFive articles were included, with one randomised controlled trial, three cohort studies, and one pre‐ and post‐interventional study. The collective MERSQI score for the studies was 12.3. Patient satisfaction increased uniformly across studies when standardised practices were used. Attempts to improve learner satisfaction, however, achieved mixed results. In addition, the time of bedside rounds was found to decrease with standardised interventions overall.ConclusionIn light of generally positive albeit limited evidence for standardised rounding practices, faculty development initiatives might use these data to inform and educate faculty members regarding the use of standardised protocols for bedside rounds.
Hydrops fetalis associated with anti‐CD36 antibodies in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: Possible underlying mechanism
Authors: Wu Yongbin , Chen Dawei , Xu Xiuzhang , Mai Mingqin , Ye Xin , Li Chengyao , Santoso Sentot , Xia Wenjie , Fu Yongshui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn the present study, we asked whether anti‐CD36 antibodies impair the maturation of erythropoietic stem cells to mature red blood cells (RBCs), leading to anaemia and hydrops fetalis (HF).BackgroundRecent studies have shown the importance of anti‐CD36 antibodies in the development of Fetal/Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). In comparison to other types of antibody‐mediated FNAIT, anti‐CD36 antibodies are frequently associated with anaemia and HF. As mature RBCs do not express CD36, the reason for this phenomenon is currently not fully understood.Material and methodsA case of FNAIT with signs of HF was characterised in this study. Maternal anti‐CD36 antibodies were isolated by an absorption/elution approach. We cultured haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with purified anti‐CD36 antibodies, and the formation of burst‐forming unit‐erythroid and colony‐forming unit‐erythroid (CFU‐E/BFU‐E) cells was analysed. Apoptosis of HSCs was also investigated.ResultsAnalysis of the mother showed type‐1 CD36 deficiency. Anti‐CD36 antibodies were found in maternal serum, as well as on fetal platelets, by ELISA, and the specificity of these antibodies was further substantiated by flow cytometry. In comparison to control IgG, incubation of HSCs with purified anti‐CD36 antibodies led to a significant reduction in CFU‐E/BFU‐E cell formation, and this result was associated with an increased number of apoptotic CD34+ erythroid/myeloid precursor cells. Administration of intra‐uterine transfusion with washed RBCs was effective in improving fetal anaemia.ConclusionsAnti‐CD36 antibodies may cause anaemia and trigger HF through apoptosis of CD34+ erythroid/myeloid precursor cells. However, the contribution of other cells must also be taken into account.
Progression of aural plaques to squamous cell carcinoma in a horse
Authors: Peters‐Kennedy Jeanine , Lange Christian E. , Ortved Kyla 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAural plaques are associated with and thought to be caused by one or more Equus caballus papillomaviruses (EcPV). Aural plaques have not previously been reported to be associated with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe a horse with aural plaques and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on the right pinna.AnimalsA 28‐year‐old thoroughbred gelding presented for multiple plaques and a mass on the right pinna.Methods and materialsPinnal resection, histopathological investigation, multiple conventional PCRs for papillomavirus DNA and Sanger sequencing were performed.ResultsMultiple, raised, pale tan, fronded plaques covered 60% of the concave surface of the right pinna. Focally these plaques coalesced into an exophytic ulcerated mass near the base of the pinna. Multiple aural plaques and a SCC were diagnosed histopathologically. EcPV4 was detected via PCR in a sample of the SCC.Conclusions and clinical importanceThis report demonstrates the possibility of malignant transformation from aural plaques to SCC on the pinna of a horse. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of EcPV4 associated with SCC.
Vitamin D is an endogenous partial agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel
Authors: Long Wentong , Fatehi Mohammad , Soni Shubham , Panigrahi Rashmi , Philippaert Koenraad , Yu Yi , Kelly Rees , Boonen Brett , Barr Amy , Golec Dominic , Campbell Scott A. , Ondrusova Katarina , Hubert Matt , Baldwin Troy , Lemieux M. Joanne , Light Peter E. 
Published: July 2020

Key points
25‐Hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is a partial agonist of TRPV1 whereby 25OHD can weakly activate TRPV1 yet antagonize the stimulatory effects of the full TRPV1 agonists capsaicin and oleoyl dopamine.
25OHD binds to TRPV1 within the same vanilloid binding pocket as capsaicin.
25OHD inhibits the potentiating effects of PKC‐mediated TRPV1 activity.
25OHD reduces T‐cell activation and trigeminal neuron calcium signalling mediated by TRPV1 activity.
These results provide evidence that TRPV1 is a novel receptor for the biological actions of vitamin D in addition to the well‐documented effects of vitamin D upon the nuclear vitamin D receptor.
The results may have important implications for our current understanding of certain diseases where TRPV1 and vitamin D deficiency have been implicated, such as chronic pain and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes.
AbstractThe capsaicin receptor TRPV1 plays an important role in nociception, inflammation and immunity and its activity is regulated by exogenous and endogenous lipophilic ligands. As vitamin D is lipophilic and involved in similar biological processes as TRPV1, we hypothesized that it directly regulates TRPV1 activity and function. Our calcium imaging and electrophysiological data demonstrate that vitamin D (25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and 1,25‐hydroxyvitamin D (1,25OHD)) can weakly activate TRPV1 at physiologically relevant concentrations (100 nM). Furthermore, both 25OHD and 1,25OHD can inhibit capsaicin‐induced TRPV1 activity (IC50 = 34.3 ± 0.2 and 11.5 ± 0.9 nM, respectively), but not pH‐induced TRPV1 activity, suggesting that vitamin D interacts with TRPV1 in the same region as the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. This hypothesis is supported by our in silico TRPV1 structural modelling studies, which place 25OHD in the same binding region as capsaicin. 25OHD also attenuates PKC‐dependent TRPV1 potentiation via interactions with a known PKC phospho‐acceptor residue in TRPV1. To provide evidence for a physiological role for the interaction of vitamin D with TRPV1, we employed two different cellular models known to express TRPV1: mouse CD4+ T‐cells and trigeminal neurons. Our results indicate that 25OHD reduces TRPV1‐induced cytokine release from T‐cells and capsaicin‐induced calcium activity in trigeminal neurons. In summary, we provide evidence that vitamin D is a novel endogenous regulator of TRPV1 channel activity that may play an important physiological role in addition to its known effects through the canonical nuclear vitamin D receptor pathway.
“People Still Believe a Bicycle Is for a Poor Person”: Features of “Bicycles for Development” Organizations in Uganda and Perspectives of Practitioners
Authors: Ardizzi Madison , Wilson Brian , Hayhurst Lyndsay , Otte Janet 
Published: July 2020

Bicycles have been hailed by the United Nations and nongovernmental organizations for use in social and economic development. However, there is a lacuna of research exploring the value of bicycles for development (BFD) outside of Europe and America. Specifically, there is a lack of research on the structure and perspectives of BFD organizations. This study draws on 19 semistructured interviews with BFD organizations in various regions of Uganda. We found that (a) BFD organizations exist along a spectrum from community-based to international, (b) the meanings ascribed to the bicycle are unstable and context dependent, and (c) that there were a range of ways that bicycles were seen to lead to positive outcomes—although barriers to attaining these outcomes were identified too. The authors conclude by suggesting that while bicycles are considered useful for a range of development purposes, perspectives on their usefulness vary—as inequalities commonly associated with sport for development are evident in the BFD movement too.
Analysis of patient safety messages delivered and received during clinical rounds
Authors: Levine Diane , Gadivemula Jaya , Kutaimy Raya , Kamatam Srinivasa , Sarvadevabatla Nagaratna , Lohia Prateek 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundMultiple modalities are available to introduce patient safety training to healthcare professionals. In internal medicine, clinical rounds have always played an important role in education; however, the patient safety content taught at the point of care is not well studied. We studied, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the number and nature of patient safety messages delivered by attending physicians to determine what is taught at the point of care and how well this is recognised and recalled by attending physicians, residents and medical students.MethodsThis prospective mixed methods study was conducted on the medicine teaching service. Clinical rounds were audio-recorded. Immediately after rounds, attending physicians, residents and students completed a short survey card identifying the number and type of educational messages they immediately recalled teaching or hearing. Independent t-test was used to compare differences in the number of messages delivered by attendings and recalled by trainees. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare differences in messages delivered by attending physicians compared with trainees. Recordings were transcribed and analysed qualitatively for patient safety content.ResultsTrainees recalled more educational messages than attendings recalled teaching in all educational domains. Safety messages comprised 17.5% of educational messages. The average number of patient safety messages recalled per session was 1.08 per attending physicians, 1.84 per resident and 2.50 per student. Residents recalled 56.4% of safety messages delivered; students recalled 76.7% of safety messages.ConclusionPatient safety is a focus of teaching during clinical rounds and provides meaningful opportunities to train students and residents to practice safe patient care.
On volume subregion complexity in non-conformal theories
Authors: Asadi M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the volume prescription of the holographic subregion complexity in a holographic 5-dimensional model consisting of Einstein gravity coupled to a scalar field with a non-trivial potential. The dual 4-dimensional gauge theory is not conformal and exhibits a RG flow between two different fixed points. In both zero and finite temperature we show that the holographic subregion complexity can be used as a measure of non-conformality of the model. This quantity exhibits also a monotonic behaviour in terms of the size of the entangling region, like the behaviour of the entanglement entropy in this setup. There is also a finite jump due to the disentangling transition between connected and disconnected minimal surfaces for holographic renormalized subregion complexity at zero temperature.
Web Accessibility Assessment Through Multi-Agent Support for Visually Impaired Users
Authors: Mazalu Rafaela , Cechich Alejandra 
Published: July 2020

In general, users who access Web sites do not necessarily have the same abilities in terms of cognitive, sensory and physical conditions. An accessible Web site is one whose content can be used by as many users as possible; and to improve accessibility, the use of evaluation tools has been incorporated among other resources. However, from the point of view of the end user, the evaluation obtained by most of these tools does not fit to the individual needs and abilities of the users. On the other hand, there is a greater understanding of the need to automate the support to reach higher levels of accessibility. Promoting this type of support on both the developer and the end-user sides is a complex procedure that can be done by incorporating intelligent features, such as the collaborative participation of intelligent agents. In this paper, we introduce a multi-agent system based on visually impaired user’s profiles to improve Web Accessibility assessment. The proposal is validated through a proof of concept, by contrasting results against 10 wide-known assessment tools. Our results show that evaluations are more focused, and therefore, unnecessary assessments are avoided improving efficiency.
Molecular Engineering of Ultrasmall Silica Nanoparticle–Drug Conjugates as Lung Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Madajewski Brian , Chen Feng , Yoo Barney , Turker Melik Z. , Ma Kai , Zhang Li , Chen Pei-Ming , Juthani Rupa , Aragon-Sanabria Virginia , Gonen Mithat , Rudin Charles M. , Wiesner Ulrich , Bradbury Michelle S. , Brennan Cameron 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Small-molecule inhibitors have had a major impact on cancer care. While treatments have demonstrated clinically promising results, they suffer from dose-limiting toxicities and the emergence of refractory disease. Considerable efforts made to address these issues have more recently focused on strategies implementing particle-based probes that improve drug delivery and accumulation at target sites, while reducing off-target effects.

Experimental Design:
Ultrasmall (&lt;8 nm) core-shell silica nanoparticles, C′ dots, were molecularly engineered to function as multivalent drug delivery vehicles for significantly improving key in vivo biological and therapeutic properties of a prototype epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib. Novel surface chemical components were used to conjugate gefitinib–dipeptide drug-linkers and deferoxamine (DFO) chelators for therapeutic delivery and PET imaging labels, respectively.

Results:
Gefitinib-bound C′ dots (DFO-Gef-C′ dots), synthesized using the gefitinib analogue, APdMG, at a range of drug-to-particle ratios (DPR; DPR = 11–56), demonstrated high stability for DPR values≤ 40, bulk renal clearance, and enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity relative to gefitinib (LD50 = 6.21 nmol/L vs. 3 μmol/L, respectively). In human non–small cell lung cancer mice, efficacious Gef-C′ dot doses were at least 200-fold lower than that needed for gefitinib (360 nmoles vs. 78 μmoles, respectively), noting fairly equivalent tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival. Gef-C′ dot–treated tumors also exhibited low phosphorylated EFGR levels, with no appreciable wild-type EGFR target inhibition, unlike free drug.

Conclusions:
Results underscore the clinical potential of DFO-Gef-C′ dots to effectively manage disease and minimize off-target effects at a fraction of the native drug dose.
Associations of Left Ventricular Structure and Function With Blood Pressure in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Analysis of the TOPCAT Trial
Authors: Wei Fang‐Fei , Xue Ruicong , Thijs Lutgarde , Liang Weihao , Owusu‐Agyeman Marvin , He Xin , Staessen Jan A. , Dong Yugang , Liu Chen 
Published: July 2020

Background

Data on the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with the structure and function of failing hearts with preserved ejection fraction (
EF
) are sparse.

Methods and Results

This analysis included 935 patients with heart failure (49.4% women; mean age, 69.9 years) with preserved
EF
(≥45%) enrolled in the
TOPCAT
(Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist) Trial before initiation of randomized therapy. Left ventricular (
LV
) structure (dimensions, wall thickness, and mass index), diastolic function (left atrial volume index, transmitral blood flow, and mitral annular velocities), and systolic function (
EF
and longitudinal strain) were assessed echocardiographically. In multivariable‐adjusted analyses, association sizes expressed per 1‐
SD
(14.8–mm Hg) increment in systolic blood pressure were 0.020 cm (
P
=0.003) and 0.018 cm (
P
=0.004) for
LV
septal and posterior wall thickness, respectively, and 2.42 mg/m
2
(
P
=0.018) for
LV
mass index. The corresponding associations with diastolic blood pressure were nonsignificant (
P
≥0.067). In similarly adjusted analyses, the association sizes expressed per 1‐
SD
(10.7–mm Hg) increment in diastolic blood pressure were −0.15 for E/A (
P
<0.001), −0.76 for E/e′ (
P
=0.006), and −0.62% for
EF
(
P
=0.024). These findings were consistent, if models including systolic blood pressure were additionally adjusted for diastolic blood pressure and vice versa, albeit that the relation of
EF
with diastolic blood pressure weakened (−0.54%;
P
=0.10).

Conclusions

In diastolic heart failure,
LV
wall thickness and
LV
mass index increased with higher systolic blood pressure, but not with higher diastolic blood pressure, whereas functional measures reflecting diastolic
LV
function decreased with higher diastolic blood pressure, independent of systolic blood pressure. These observations highlight the importance of controlling both systolic and diastolic blood pressure as modifiable risk factors to reduce the risk of
LV
remodeling and diastolic
LV
dysfunction.