bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Application of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Coronavirus Disease 2019 as the Best Indicator for the Progression and Clinical Status: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Li Yang , Zhou Xian , Ai Jing-wen , Wang Hongyu , Weng Taoping , Zhang Haocheng , Huang Yuxian , Zhang Wenhong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now officially a pandemic. Current studies observed extensive abnormal indexes in COVID-19 patients and significant differences between mild and severe patients. However, which index would perform better as the indicator of disease progression merits further investigation.Methods We enrolled COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical center. We closely monitored the following candidate indictors: white blood cell, lymphocyte, platelet, CD4 T cell, CD8 T cell, alanine aminotransferase, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), fibrin degradation products (FDP), D-dimer, creatine kinase, myoglobin, troponin T (TnT), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), lactase dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin. The correlation with illness severity were assessed by Spearman analysis and the ability of differentiating the clinical statuses was quantified as the AUC value of the ROC curve. Results A total of 326 patients were enrolled, including 299 mild-ordinary and 27 severe-critical patients. At admission, D-dimer and CRP were elevated above normal range both in mild-ordinary and severe-critical patients. LDH, NT-proBNP, myoglobin, CD4 T cell, eGFR, FDP and PCT were beyond normal range in the mild-ordinary stages of severe-critical patients, but remained normal in the persistently mild-ordinary patients. Top 5 parameters with highest spearmen coefficient were LDH, procalcitonin, NT-proBNP, myoglobin and D-dimer (Spearman coefficient: 0.488, 0.453, 0.414, 0.412, 0.407). Comparing between mild-ordinary stage and severe/critical stage, LDH showed the highest receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) of 0.951. PCT ranked second, with the ROC AUC of 0.905. Comparing between mild-ordinary and severe stages, only LDH had the ROC AUC of over 0.90 (0.927). Conclusions This study found LDH to be a superior indicator for COVID-19 status and had the potential to optimize the clinical management strategy.
Epidemiology and Clinical Significance of pLVPK-Like Virulence Plasmid in KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Infections in A Tertiary Hospital in Eastern China
Authors: Xu Min , Yang Qing , Liu Yanchao , Chen Xiao , Kong Haishen , Fu Zhangrong , Chen Yu , Fu Yiqi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: By acquiring a pLVPK-like virulence plasmid (pVir), Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-kp) evolves to a hypervirulent variant, however, controversies exist. The aim of present study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes of patients infected with pVir+-KPC-kp.Methods: Between 2014 and 2018, 662 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) were collected from a tertiary hospital in eastern China. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, multilocus sequence typing and detection of blaKPC, pLVPK-related genetic loci (rmpA, rmpA2, iucA and iroN) to identify pVir+-KPC-kp. The clinical characteristics of pVir+-KPC-kp were retrospectively evaluated.Results: Of the 662 CRKP, 86.6% (573/662) were KPC-kp including 285 (49.7%) pVir+-KPC-kp and 288 (50.3%) pVir--KPC-kp. Notably, the prevalence of pVir+-KPC-kp by year increased remarkably from 2014 (19.5%, 8/41) to 2018 (60.0%, 90/150). Sequence type (ST) 11 was the most predominant ST, accounting for 88.9% of all pVir+-KPC-kp. For the 352 KPC-kp infection cases (186 with pVir+-KPC-kp and 166 with pVir--KPC-kp), multivariable analysis indicated neurosurgery (P =0.002) was independently associated with pVir+-KPC-kp infections. Although patients with pVir+-KPC-kp infections had higher incidence of septic shock (P =0.03), the two groups showed no significant differences in 7-day mortality (P =0.24) or 28-day mortality (P =0.75). Conclusions: A wide dissemination of pVir in ST11 KPC-kp has emerged in our region. Neurosurgery is an independent risk factor for acquisition of pVir+-KPC-kp infections. The mortality rates were similar between patients infected with pVir+-KPC-kp or pVir--KPC-kp, suggesting uncertain impact of pVir in clinical outcomes.
Breast Cancer Detection from a Urine Sample by Dog Sniffing
Authors: Kure Shoko , Iida Shinya , Yamada Marina , Takei Hiroyuki , Yamashita Naoyuki , Sato Yuji , Miyashita Masao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that dog can sniff and detect cancer in the breath or urine sample of a patient. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess whether the trained dog can detect breast cancer from urine samples.Methods: A nine-year-old female Labrador Retriever was trained to identify cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients. Urine samples from patients histologically diagnosed with primary breast cancer, those with non-breast malignant diseases, and healthy volunteers were obtained, and a double-blind test was performed. Results: 40 patients with breast cancer, 142 patients with non-breast malignant diseases, and 18 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and their urine samples were collected. In 40 times out of 40 runs of a double-blind test, the trained dog could correctly identify urine samples of breast cancer patients. Sensitivity and specificity of this breast cancer detection method using dog sniffing were both 100%.Conclusions: The trained dog in this study could accurately detect breast cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients. These results indicate the feasibility of a method to detect breast cancer from urine samples using dog sniffing in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Association of physical restraint requirement with unfavorable neurologic outcomes in subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Akiyama Kyoko , Inoue Akihiko , Hifumi Toru , Nakamura Kentaro , Taira Takuya , Nakagawa Shun , Jinno Keisuke , Manabe Arisa , Kinugasa Sayaka , Matsumura Hikaru , Shishido Hajime , Yokoyama Shota , Okazaki Tomoya , Hamaya Hideyuki , Takano Koshiro , Kiridume Kazutaka , Shinohara Natsuyo , Kawakita Kenya , Kuroda Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe association between physical restraint requirement and neurological outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to examine the association between physical restraint and neurological outcomes in patients with SAH.MethodsA single-center, retrospective study was conducted on patients with acute phase SAH treated for >72 h in the intensive care unit from 2014 to 2020. Patients were divided into three groups based on the amount of time required for physical restraint during the first 24–72 h after admission: no，intermittent，and continuous use of physical restraint. Unfavorable neurologic outcome, assessed using the modified Rankin scale upon hospital discharge, has been considered as primary end-point.ResultsOverall, 101 patients were included in the study, with 52 patients (51.5%) having unfavorable neurological outcomes. Among them, 46 patients (45.5%) did not use physical restraint, and 55 (54.5%) patients used physical restraint during the first 24–72 h after admission: 26 (25.7%) intermittent and 29 (28.7%) continuous. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that continuous use of physical restraint during the first 24–72 h after admission compared to no physical restraint was significantly associated with unfavorable neurological outcomes in patients with SAH (odds ratio [OR], 3.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–11.54; p = 0.045]).ConclusionsContinuous use of physical restraint during the first 24–72 h after admission was more significantly associated with unfavorable neurological outcomes than no physical restraint among patients with SAH during the acute phase.
LncRNA MALAT1&nbsp;Regulates iPSC-derived Β-cell Differentiation by Targeting the miR-15b-5p/Ihh&nbsp;Axis
Authors: Wang Yao , Lin Xinxing , Lv Jin , Zhu Jiachen , Fan Haowen , Sha Jinqi , Xu Zhen , Zhu Biwen , Guo Qinsong , Wang Zhiwei , Zhu Shajun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: iPSCs-derived β-like cell differentiation provides a novel strategy for type 1 diabetes treatment. Clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in β-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is not only significant for understanding the development of pancreas or pancreatic β cells, but also helpful for improving the quality of β-like cells for stem cell therapy.Methods: β-like cells derived from iPSCs followed a three-step protocol. RNA-sequencing was carried out to screen the differentially expressed lncRNAs which was probably involved in the differentiation of pancreatic β cells. Bioinformatics was performed to analyze the putative target genes of significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs. LncRNA Malat1 was chosen for further research. Lentivirus victor, siRNA victor, antagomir victor and mimic victor were constructed for overexpression of lncRNA Malat1, knockdown of lncRNA Malat1, knockdown of miR-15b-5p and overexpression of miR-15b-5p respectively. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western Blot and Immunofluorescence (IF) staining were carried out to detect the functions of pancreatic β cells at mRNA and protein level separately. Cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA fractionation and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were to ventilate the subcellar location of lncRNA Malat1 in β-like cells. Flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to examine differentiation efficiency and function of insulin secretion from β-like cells after being stimulated with different concentrations of glucose. Structural interactions between lncRNA Malat1 and miR-15b-5p and between miR-15b-5p and Ihh were detected by Dual luciferase reporter assay (LRA).Results: We found that expression of lncRNA Malat1 was on the decline during the differentiation and overexpression of this lncRNA obviously impaired the differentiation and maturation of β-like cells derived from iPSCs in vitro and in vivo. Localized to the cytoplasm, lncRNA Malat1 could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-15b-5p to regulate the expression of Ihh according the bioinformatic prediction, mechanistic analysis and downstream experiments.Conclusion: This study built an unreported regulatory network of lncRNA Malat1 and miR-15b-5p/Ihh axis during differentiation of iPSCs into β-like cells. Except for acting as a proverbial oncogene promoting tumorigenesis, lncRNA Malat1 may provide effective and novel molecule for diabetes cell therapy in the future.
Timing outweighs amount of rainfall in shaping population dynamics
Authors: Li Guoliang , Wan Xinrong , Yin Baofa , Wei Wanhong , Hou Xianglei , Zhang Xin , Batsuren Erdenetuya , Zhao Jidong , Huang Shuli , Xu Xiaoming , Liu Jing , Song Yiran , Ozgul Arpat , Dickman Christopher , Wang Guiming , Krebs Charles , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Climate variability has been widely documented to have bottom-up effects on the population dynamics of animals1,2, but the mechanisms underlying these effects have been rarely investigated through field manipulative experiments that control for confounding factors3. Here, we examined the effects of different rainfall patterns (i.e. timing and amount) on the population size of Brandt’s voles Lasiopodomys brandtii in semi-arid steppe grassland in Inner-Mongolia by conducting a 10-year (2010-2019) rainfall manipulation experiment in twelve 0.48 ha field enclosures. We found that moderate rainfall increase during the early rather than late growing season drove marked increases in population size through increasing the biomass of preferred plant species, whereas heavily increased rainfall produced no further increase in vole population growth. The increase in vole population size was more coupled with increased reproduction of overwintered voles and increased body mass of young-of-year than with better survival. Our results provide the first experimental evidence for the bottom-up effects of changing rainfall on the population growth of small mammals, and highlight the importance of rainfall timing on the population dynamics of wildlife in the steppe grassland environment.
Magnetic evidence for an extended hydrogen exosphere at Mercury
Authors: Schmid Daniel , Plaschke Ferdinand , Erkaev Nikolay , Volwerk Martin , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Narita Yasuhito , Anderson Brian , Lammer Helmut 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Remote sensing observations of the Mariner 10 and MESSENGER spacecraft have shown the existence of atomic (H) and molecular (H2) hydrogen in the exosphere around Mercury. However, to date the hydrogen number densities could only be estimated indirectly from exospheric models, based on Lyman-α radiances for H and the H2 detection threshold of the Mariner 10 occultation experiment. Here we show the first in-situ measured altitude-density profile of atomic H, derived from magnetic field observations by MESSENGER. Our results reveal an extended H corona with densities decreasing from 1000 − 100 cm−3 between 2 − 8 Mercury radii. These densities are 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than previously predicted, but in good agreement with the Lyman-α radiances. The large H densities result from the dissociation of H2. We can reproduce the observed H densities using an exospheric model which includes ionization, dissociation and recombination, that allows us to constrain the H2 surface density to ∼ 5×10^5 cm−3. This is two orders of magnitude smaller than the previously assumed upper limit.
Social Approach in Autism: Modeling Objective Measurements of Child Movement in a Naturalistic Environment
Authors: Banarjee Chitra , Tao Yudong , Fasano Regina M. , Vitale Laura , Song Chaoming , Shyu Mei-Ling , Perry Lynn K. , Messinger Daniel S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. Atypicalities in social approach are thought to be characteristic of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but few studies have quantified the social movement of children with ASD using objective measures. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new method—computational modeling of radio frequency identification (RFID) child tracking—for studying children with ASD in a naturalistic setting. We present the use of RFID measurements to investigate the velocity and social approach of children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children interacting together in preschool inclusion classrooms during repeated multi-hour observations. Methods. Observations of 14 preschoolers with ASD and 16 TD preschoolers in two inclusion classrooms on a total of 10 days yielded approximately 10 hours of data per child. Objective measurements of position and orientation were collected using four corner-mounted Ubisense ultra-wide sensors, which tracked a right and left tag worn by each child (in a vest) and teacher in the classroom. We calculate angular velocity, velocity, and social approach, and compare ASD and TD children on these parameters using multilevel statistical models. Results. In this initial exploration of the ASD phenotype in situ, children with ASD did not differ from TD children in angular velocity or velocity of movement in the classroom. Rather, pairs of TD children moved toward and away from each other at higher velocities than both pairs of children with ASD and pairs in which one child had ASD and the other child was TD. Children with ASD, however, moved toward and away from teachers at higher velocities than TD children. Limitations. Illustrative data from repeated observations of 30 children in two classrooms are reported. Results are preliminary. Conclusions. Multi-hour, objective measurements in a preschool inclusion classroom indicated that children with ASD did not move through space or turn at higher velocities than other children. Instead, ASD differences were evident in social approach. Children with ASD were slower in approaching peers but quicker in approaching teachers than were TD children. The results suggest the potential of modeling RFID measurements to produce a quantitative understanding of the ASD phenotype in naturalistic social contexts.
Preoperative Lymphocyte-To-Monocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Predictor of Long-term Mortality Among Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis Based on a 4-year Follow-up Cohort
Authors: Zhou Zhuoming , Liang Mengya , Huang Suiqing , Weng Rennan , Hou Jian , Wu Zhongkai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCardiac surgery is associated with a specific inflammatory response. The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) has been shown to be related to the prognosis of many cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the preoperative LMR in patients who underwent cardiac surgery.MethodsClinical data were extracted from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database. The optimum cutoff value of the LMR for 4-year mortality was determined by X-tile software. The Cox proportional hazard model was applied for the identification of independent prognostic factors of 4-year mortality. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed. The 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) method was performed to balance the influence of selection bias and potential confounding factors.ResultsA total of 1701 patients were included. The X‐tile software indicated that the optimum cutoff value of the LMR for 4-year mortality was 3.58. After PSM, 489 pairs of score-matched patients were generated. The Cox proportional hazard model showed that patients with an LMR < 3.58 had a significantly higher 4-year mortality than patients with an LMR ≥ 3.58 in the entire cohort (HR = 1.925, 95%CI: 1.509-2.456, p < 0.001) and the PSM subset (HR = 1.568, 95%CI: 1.2-2.05, p = 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with an LMR < 3.58 had a significantly lower 4-year survival rate in the entire cohort (71.7% vs. 88.5%, P < 0.001) and the PSM subset (73.2% vs. 81.4%, P = 0.002).ConclusionsA lower LMR (< 3.58) was associated with a higher risk of 4-year mortality and can potentially predict the long-term mortality of cardiac surgery patients.
Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma Found by Surgery for Acute Appendicitis is Associated with Older Age – A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alemany Victor S. , Skendelas John P. , Au Vincent , Rao Devika , McNelis John , Kim Peter K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Appendectomy for acute appendicitis is the most common procedure performed emergently by general surgeons in the United States. The current management of acute appendicitis is increasingly controversial as non-operative management gains favor as a primary therapy. Appendiceal neoplasms are found rarely and often as an incidental finding in the setting of appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Criteria and screening for appendiceal neoplasms are not standardized among surgical societies.Methods: We reviewed electronic medical records for a nine-year period (2010-2018) of patients who underwent appendectomy in two municipal hospitals in The Bronx, New York City. The authors also examined patients undergoing appendectomy during the same time interval through a query of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Results: We found a 1.7% incidence of appendiceal neoplasms locally and a 0.53% incidence of appendiceal tumors in available national population sample. Both groups demonstrated an increased incidence of appendiceal carcinoma by age. This finding was most pronounced after the age of 40 in both local and national populations. In our study, the incidence of appendiceal tumors increased with each decade interval up to the age of 80, and peaked at 2.1% in patients between 70 and 79 years.Conclusions: We submit that the management of acute appendicitis involves a consideration of appendiceal neoplasm in patients over the age of 40. This should be considered in the management of older patients with acute appendicitis before a decision to embark on non-operative therapy. If this is undertaken, interval appendectomy or further cancer screening and surveillance should be performed.
The Effect of Nebulized Magnesium Sulphate on the Incidence of Postoperative Sorethroat
Authors: T. Padma  , Raju B  , Raviraj GS  
Published: October 2020

Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a well-recognized complication that remains unresolved in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation for general anaesthesia. The wide variation in these figures is presumably due to different skills and techniques among anesthetists and to differences between patients in the definition of sore throat. The main aim is to study the attenuating effect of Magnesium sulphate nebulization on the incidence of post-operative sore throat. Subjects and Methods: This is a prospective randomized clinical study. A total number of 100 patients of ASA grade 1 & 2, in the age group of 18 - 60 years. The study has been carried out at Sri Venkateswara Ram Narayana Ruia Government General Hospital, Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupati, over a period of 12 months. Results: There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of age, gender and weight. Whereas Magnesium sulphate significantly lessens the POST during swallowing at 4th hour as compared to Normal saline (p< 0.05) and this statement can be attributed to any population. Conclusion: Post-operative sore throat is one of the most common undesirable anesthesia-associated problems in the patients undergoing GA with an endotracheal tube for routine surgical cases for up to 24 h. Magnesium sulphate was significantly reduces the incidence of POST compared to Normal saline , and it is safe, simple and effective in reducing postoperative sore throat.
Improvement of Architecture Based on Hierarchical Message Bus
Authors: Wang Zhengwei , Li Jinhui , Wang Kun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The traditional architecture based on the hierarchical message bus has defects such as strict component requirements and lack of support for reuse. The article introduces message-message modem and interface-message modem construction middleware to propose a new hierarchical message bus. The structure new hierarchical message bus solves the problem that the hierarchical message bus architecture requires too strict system components, and the components that fail to provide corresponding interfaces lack support for reuse. Firstly, the paper introduces the traditional hierarchical message bus architecture and its existing defects. Secondly, the article proposes new hierarchical message bus. based on the hierarchical message bus architecture. Finally, the article summarizes the architecture new hierarchical message bus proposed in this paper.
A Comparative Study of Face Recognition Classification Algorithms
Authors: Wang Changyuan , Li Guang , Xue Pengxiang , Wu Qiyou 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Due to the different classification effects and accuracy of different classification algorithms in machine learning, it is inconvenient for scientific researchers to choose which classification algorithm to use. This paper uses the face data published by Cambridge University as an experiment. The experiment first reduces the dimensionality of the data through the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm, extracts the main features of the data, and then respectively through linear logic classification, linear discrimination LDA, nearest neighbor algorithm KNN, support vector machine SVM and the integrated algorithm Adaboost are used for classification. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the classification performance and complexity of different algorithms, the final review reviews accuracy, recall, f1-score, and AUC as evaluation indicators.