bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVITALISASI MANAJEMEN APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA MELALUI PEMBERHENTIAN TIDAK DENGAN HORMAT BAGI PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL YANG TERLIBAT TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Harahap Nurmalita Ayuningtyas 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAK
Revitalisasi Manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara atau Manajemen ASN melalui pemberhentian tindak dengan hormat bagi pegawai negeri sipil yang terlibat tindak pidana korupsi perlu dilakukan karena selama ini pemberhentian tidak dengan hormat yang merupakan bagian dari Manajemen ASN ini belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal dibuktikan dengan masih banyaknya kasus PNS yang belum diberhentikan dengan tidak hormat dalam melakukan kasus tindak pidana korupsi. Masalah yang diteliti adalah bagaimana seharusnya bentuk revitalisasi terhadap Manajemen PNS jika dikaitkan dengan pemberian sanksi administratif pada PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana korupsi? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan konseptual. Adapun hasil pembahasan menyimpulkan bahwa revitalisasi dilakukan dengan dikeluarkannya beberapa instrumen oleh pemerintah dan perlunya pengawasan dari lembaga pengawas yang berwenang.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSUMEN BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL: PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN
Authors: Suwandono Agus 
Published: February 2020

Salah satu fungsi lembaga adat adalah menjaga keseimbangan tatanan dan keharmonisan masyarakat adat. Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai eksistensi dan kemungkinan penerapan penyelesaian sengketa konsumen berbasis kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis empiris dengan menggunakan data primer ditunjang data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa eksistensi lembaga adat dalam menyelesaikan sengketa tergantung kepada ketaatan dan kepatuhan masyarakat adat akan hukum adat dan lembaga adat. Penerapan penyelesaian sengketa konsumen berbasis kearifan lokal memungkinkan diterapkan dengan memperhatikan karakteristik daerah, adat istiadat serta peraturan perundang-undangan.
Kata kunci: konsumen, kearifan lokal, penyelesaian sengketa.
Tinjauan Terhadap Hukum Persaingan Usaha Di Indonesia Dari Perspektif Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Apriani Desi 
Published: February 2020

The business world is something that cannot be separated from business competition. There are business actors who compete in a fair competition and there are also business actors who compete in a unfair competition. This is where the importance of the presence of business competition law in a country. In Indonesia, business competition law is contained in Law Number 5 of 1999 which prohibits monopolistic practices and unfair business competition. In relation to consumer protection, Law Number 5 Year 1999 has the aim of protecting the public interest and seeking public welfare. The prohibitions in the law indirectly have a protected effect on consumer interests. Need consistency in enforcement of business competition law so that the goal of protecting consumers can be achieved optimally.
Pengenaan Pajak Terhadap Perdagangan Online di Indonesia Setelah Dibatalkannya Peraturan Menteri Keuangan (PMK) Nomor 210/PMK.010/2018
Authors: Santoso David 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAK

Dewasa ini transaksi perdagangan tidak hanya dilakukan secara konvensional, dimana penjual dan pembeli saling bertatap langsung disuatu tempat usaha untuk melakukan transaksi perdagangan, melainkan telah berlalih ke transaksi dunia maya (cyber space) dimana transaksi perdagangan yang dilakukan memalui jejaring sosial, komputer, handphone, dll yang menggunakan koneksi internet tanpa harus penjual dan pembeli bertatap langsung. Dengan adanya sebuah transaksi maka muncul pengenaan pajak. Dalam hal pengenaan pajak, transaksi perdagangan online dapat dikenakan pajak penghasilan karena jika berdasar syarat Subjektif (Pengusaha) dan syarat Objektif (Penghasilan) dalam pengenaan pajak penghasilan, pengusaha dalam perdagangan online (e-commerce) telah memenuhi syarat untuk dikenakan pajak penghasilan. Pada awal Tahun 2019 Kementerian Keuangan (Kemenkeu) mengeluarkan peraturan tentang kebijakan pembayaran pajak bagi para pelaku e-commerce di Indonesia, termasuk pembuat konten di media sosial dan youtuber. Kebijakan itu tertuang dalam Peraturan Menteri Keuangan (PMK) Nomor 210/PMK.010/2018 tentang Perlakuan Perpajakan atas Transaksi Perdagangan melalui Sistem Elektronik. Namun Menteri Keuangan, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, menarik Peraturan Menteri Keuangan (PMK) 210 tentang perlakuan perpajakan atas transaksi perdagangan melalui sistem elektronik (e-commerce), yang harusnya mulai berlaku 1 April 2019. Itu artinya aturan ini batal untuk diterapkan. Namun sebelum adanya Peraturan Menteri Keuangan tersebut sudah ada pengaturan hukum tentang pajak ecommerce yakni Undang-Undang No.36 Tahun 2008 dan Peraturan perpajakan terkait ecommerce sudah ditegaskan kembali dalam SE-62/PJ/2013 tentang Penegasan Ketentuan Perpajakan atas Transaksi ecommerce dan SE-06/PJ/2015 tentang Pemotongan dan atau Pemungutan Pajak Penghasilan atas Transaksi ecommerce. Sehingga penjual di marketplace tetap berkewajiban untuk membayar pajak.
Kata Kunci: Pajak , Perdagangan Online
POLA KONSUMSI: LITERASI EKONOMI, STATUS SOSIAL ORANG TUA DAN TEMAN SEBAYA
Authors: Onis Filomina Nurjaya , Hariani Lilik Sri , Indawati Ninik 
Published: February 2020

Consumption patterns can be influenced by the external factors and internal students. Several factors such as economic literacy, social statues parents, and the peers. Assuming that someone who has economic literacy tend to patterned consumption by smart which is to pattern of behavior rational, but economic literacy, social statues parents are very significant impact on consumption patterns, but those two factors group their peers also influences pattern of behavior consumption. This research intend to know influence in a partial and simultaneous between economic literacy, social statues parents and group their peers against consumption patterns graders XI social class high school of National Malang .This research uses the quantitative sample with the national high school students poor were 61 students data collection in this research that is using the survey, tests, interviews and documentation.
Pendapatan keluarga petani dari beternak kambing Di kecamatan rasau jaya kabupaten kubu raya kalimantan barat
Authors: Hutajulu Josua Parulian , Tribudi Yuli Arif 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahu kontribusi usaha ternak kambing terhadap pendapatan keluarga petani peternak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Rasau Jaya Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Penelitian ini dimulai dari bulan Desember 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan penentuan sampel secara purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 43 peternak. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Rata-rata pendapatan usaha ternak kambing adalah Rp 5.464.427,71/tahun pada skala I, Rp 7.955.250,21/tahun pada skala II dan Rp 9.399.334,27/tahun pada skala III. Kontribusi pendapatan usaha ternak kambing terhadap pendapatan keluarga petani peternak di ketiga skala masing-masing adalah 32,8% pada skala I, 43,6% pada skala II dan 48,9% pada skala III yang menggambarkan bahwa usaha ternak kambing di Kecamatan Rasau Jaya masih termasuk tipologi cabang usaha

ABSTRACT
The aim of this research to analyze how much of goat husbandry activity contribution to the farmers family income. This study was designed using descriptive analysis method by interviewing the respondents directly to obtain the primary data. The secondary data was obtained from village data and BPS. The respondents divide to three scales based on the ownership number of goats among one year ago, such as scale I, scale II and scale III. The annually average income of goat husbandry activity in Bangelan village were Rp 5.464.427,71 in scale I, Rp 7.955.250,21 in scale II and Rp 9.399.334,27 in scale III. The annually average income of the farmers family in Kecamatan Cikajang were Rp 17.550.142,71 in scale I, Rp 20.715.250,21 in scale II and Rp 21.699.334,27 in scale III. The annually average contribution of goat husbandry activity to the farmers family income were 32,8% in scale I, 43,6% in scale II and 48,9% in scale III
The sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase SAPK2 enhances rice yield under drought conditions
Authors: Lou Dengji , Yang Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Drought stress is an important factor limiting crop productivity worldwide. Rice is critical for food security because it is consumed by more than half of the global population. Thus, enhancing the drought tolerance of rice is crucial for ensuring the production of this important crop can satisfy the demands of future generations.Results: Compared with wild-type plants, the sapk2 rice mutant lines were shorter and produced fewer grains per panicle and smaller grains. Subsequent analyses suggested that SAPK2 considerably influences the nitrate, phosphorus, and potassium contents of rice grains. The examination of rice seedling growth and development under nutrient-deprived conditions (−K, −N, and −P) proved that SAPK2 can significantly affect rice seedling growth and root development in hydroponic cultures lacking N and K+. Moreover, the NO3− influx rate and nitrate concentration of the analyzed plant materials indicated that SAPK2 promotes nitrate uptake and assimilation and influences the number of tillers and the number of grains per panicle by regulating nitrate-related transporters.Conclusion: These results suggest that SAPK2 is a key target gene for rice breeders aiming to increase yield.
Bifidobacteriaceae family diversity in gut microbiota of patients with renal failure
Authors: Hanifi Gholamreza , Khosroshahi Hamid Tayebi , Shapouri Reza , Asgharzadeh Mohammad , Kafil Hossein Samadi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Bifidobacteriaceae family are belonged to the gut microbiota that could exhibit probiotic or health promoting effects on the host. Several studies suggested that gut microbiota are quantitative and qualitative altered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The present study was aimed to assess the members of Bifidobacteriaceae family in fecal samples of patients with CKD and ESRD in compared to non-CKD/ESRD patients to find any changes of their counts in these patients.Methods: Twenty fresh fecal samples of patients with CKD/ESRD and twenty from non-CKD/ESRD patients were included. The whole DNA of fecal samples were extracted and the gut microbiota composition was analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) method.Results: Total 651 strains were identified from 40 fecal samples, which 8 (1.23%) strains were identified as family Bifidobacteriaceae. The most abundance species in both control and disease group were Bifidobacterium adolescentis (2.10% ± 1.05% vs. 1.98% ± 1.53%, respectively) and the lowest abundance species in disease group was Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (0.0007% ± 0.0009%).Conclusions: There was no significant differentiation in the abundance of various species between disease group and control group (p<0.05). This study has confirmed that the members of Bifidobacteriaceae family are not alters in patients with CKD/ESRD.
Exercise intervention during pregnancy induces promoter methylation alterations in cord blood
Authors: Yan Jie , Wang Chen , Wei Yumei , Yang Huixia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Environmental events and nutritional conditions may induce permanent DNA methylation changes in utero during the sensitive period and these adaptive changes may be ‘memorized’ and have a lasting impact on adult disease later in life. The potential plasticity of DNA methylation also enables reprogramming, depending on exposure to nutritional, chemical, and environmental factors. We determined the effects of exercise training during pregnancy on epigenetic modifications in offspring.Results: Twenty-four subjects were chosen from a previous clinical study. Overweight/obese pregnant women (body mass index <28/≥28kg/m2) who had an uncomplicated pregnancy at <12+6 weeks of gestation were randomly allocated to either an exercise or a control group. Patients allocated to the exercise group performed 3 exercise bouts per week (at least 30 min/session with a rating of perceived exertion between 12-14) via a cycling program that was initiated within 3 days of randomization until 37 weeks of gestation. Patients allocated to the control group continued their usual daily activities. Maternal blood, as well as umbilical cord blood samples, were collected and DNA methylation levels were determined by Illumina MethylationEPIC microarray. Nine CpG sites and corresponding genes UMAD1, RPA3, PLAGL2, POFUT1, SPATA17, GPATCH2, CEP170, MPHOSPH10, MCEE, as well as MRGPRD showed differential trends in control and exercise groups in maternal blood. Furthermore, four specific genes in umbilical cord blood were differentially methylated in the exercise group compared to the sedentary controls (p < 0.01). Conclusions: DNA methylation in maternal blood is dynamically altered during pregnancy and remodeled by exercise training. Thus, intrauterine environmental exposures play an important role in fetal programming. Epigenetic mechanisms involving changes in DNA methylation may provide an explanation for the phenomenon. Our findings shed light on understanding of long-term effects of in utero exposures on the epigenetic landscape of the offspring.
Sequential changes in lower extremity function after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Tsubosaka Masanori , Muratsu Hirotsugu , Takayama Koji , Kuroda Yuichi , Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Hayashi Shinya , Maruo Akihiro , Miya Hidetoshi , Kuroda Ryosuke , Matsumoto Tomoyuki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of total knee arthroplasty for recovering ambulation and balance function has not been investigated in detail. The present study aimed to measure functional changes in the lower limb before and after TKA by measuring ambulation function with the 3 meters Timed Up and Go test and balance function using one-leg standing time.Methods: The study included 137 patients (116 women and 21 men) with osteoarthritis of the knee who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty. The mean age of the patients was 74.4 years. The mean postoperative hospital stay for rehabilitation was 23.9 days. The Timed Up and Go test and standing time were performed preoperatively, 2 weeks postoperatively, at discharge, and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. These results from these 6 measurements were also compared using one-way analysis of variance.　We also separated the patients into 3 groups by the length of hospital stay: 3 weeks or less (early discharge group), 3 to 4 weeks (standard discharge group), and over 4 weeks (late discharge group). The Timed Up and Go test and standing time among the 3 groups were evaluated at 6 measurement points.Results: Ambulation and balance function were significantly improved at 3 months after surgery. However, ambulation and balance function did not improve further from 3 months to 6 months postoperatively or from 6 months to 1 year postoperatively. Ambulation function in the early and standard discharge group were significantly lower than those in the late discharge group at all measurement points. Balance function in the early and standard discharge groups were significantly longer than those in the late discharge group preoperatively.Conclusions: Total knee arthroplasty is useful for restoring lower limb function, as both ambulation and balance function were significantly improved 3 months after surgery. Although a longer hospital stay with rehabilitation not always affected ambulation and balance function, preoperative ambulation and balance function may predict the length of hospital stay after surgery. No further improvement in ambulation or balance was recognized beyond 3 months, suggesting that further rehabilitation after hospital discharge is needed.
Reconstruction of Paprosky III defects with double-trabecular metal cups in acetabular revision at five-year follow-up
Authors: Zhang Xianghong , Wan Jia , Wang Wanchun , Li Fuming , Qiu Libiao , Peng Weiqiu , Liu Tang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Acetabular revision is often difficult to manage because of severe bone loss, especially for Paprosky type Ⅲ defects. Our present study aimed to assess the strategy of double-trabecular metal cups in acetabular revision.Methods: Fifteen patients (15 hips) underwent acetabular revision using double-cup technique alone or in combination with impacting bone grafting between January 2008 and May 2015. Preoperative and the latest follow-up clinical and radiographic scores were recorded and compared.Results: No patients were lost to follow up, and no patients underwent re-revision for loosening or any other reasons at the mean follow-up duration of 66 (range 55-105) months. We discovered 3 patients (3/15) with the early dislocation within the first year after the surgery and 2 patients (2/15) with delayed wound healing. The comparison between preoperative and the latest follow-up results showed the records of modified Harris Hip Score, University of California, Los Angeles activity score, Short Form 36, limb-length discrepancy and hip center of rotation were significantly improved.Conclusions: The application of double-cup technique alone or in combination with impacting bone grafting is an effective and reliable treatment option for Paprosky type Ⅲ acetabular defects without pelvic discontinuity.
Effect of intravenous infusion of rocuronium on emergence from propofol anesthesia in rats
Authors: Suzuki Kaoru , Sunaga Hiroshi , Yamakawa Kentaro , Suga Yoshifumi , Kondo Ichiro , Tsubokawa Tsunehisa , Uezono Shoichi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Central nervous system effects of neuromuscular blocking agents have been indicated in some case reports. We investigated whether intravenous (IV) infusion of rocuronium affects emergence from propofol anesthesia in rats. Methods: We used Sprague Dawley rats. Propofol infusion was initiated with a bolus of 15 mg/kg and continued at a rate of 40 mg/kg/h. For the rocuronium group (n = 18), rocuronium was administered as an initial IV bolus of 5 mg/kg followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 250, 500, or 1000 μg/kg/min along with propofol infusion. Infusion was continued for 60 min, and sugammadex (32 mg/kg) was injected at the end of infusion. In a separate group of rats (n = 12), normal saline was administered along with propofol infusion. After continuous infusion for 60 min, normal saline or sugammadex (32 mg/kg) was injected. The time to emergence from propofol anesthesia was evaluated. To ascertain possible factors affecting emergence, the neuromuscular blocking, circulatory, and respiratory properties of IV rocuronium infusion at 1000 μg/kg/min were assessed (n = 18). Results: The time to emergence from propofol anesthesia was 239 ± 94 s after simultaneous infusion of normal saline without rocuronium and was 346 ± 78, 518 ± 134, and 638 ± 219 s after IV infusion of rocuronium at 250, 500, and 1000 μg/kg/min, respectively. The simultaneous IV infusion of rocuronium dose-dependently increased the time to emergence (ρ = 0.624; p = 0.006). Sugammadex alone did not delay emergence (280 ± 60 s; p = 0.39). Neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium at 1000 μg/kg/min was completely antagonized at 99 ± 21 s by sugammadex (32 mg/kg). Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and pH were not affected by rocuronium infusion. Conclusions: Our results show that IV infusion of rocuronium delays the emergence from propofol anesthesia in rats, despite the complete recovery from neuromuscular blockade by sugammadex. The use of neuromuscular blocking agents in neonates or patients with cerebrovascular diseases, whose blood-brain barrier might be immature or disrupted, should be carefully considered.
Inhibiting effect of etomidate or propofol combined with remifentanil hydrochloride on adrenal cortex function in severe burn patients : a randomized, double-blind and controlled trial
Authors: Liu xiulan , Ji guoyu , Liu haibo , Zhang jingmin , Li ruhong , Li jianling , Zhao huimin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Etomidate is widely used for anesthetic induction in clinical practice. Adrenal insufficiency induced by etomidate has been demonstrated. However, a variety of studies present that etomidate plays an important role in patients with severe burn injuries.Methods: Forty patients with severe burns were randomly divided into etomidate group (Group E) and propofol group (Group P). Etomidate, propofol and remifentanil hydrochloride were used for anesthesia induction and maintenance. General patient characteristics, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and bispectral index (BIS) value were measured and recorded at the baseline (t0), before the intubation (t1), 1, 3, 5, and 30 min following the intubation (t2–5), and the end of the surgery (t6). Before induction of anesthesia and at 30 min, 2h, 24h, and 48h after end of surgery (T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4), artery blood (2 ml) was collected and the concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol (Cor) and aldosterone (ALD) were measured.Results: There were no significant difference in general patient characteristics between the two groups (P>0.05). The MAP values decreased significantly, the HR values decreased at the t1 and there was a statistical difference between the two groups; There was no statistical difference between the two groups at each time point. The patient's ACTH levels in two groups decreased significantly compared with that at preanesthesia, and the levels at T4 were apparently higher than T3 in Group E. The patient's Cor levels in Group E significantly decreased at T2, while that in Group P have no significant change. The differences were not statistical significance between the two groups. The patient's ALD levels in Group E were significantly lower than before induction; while the levels in Group P have no significant change at each time point; the levels in Group P were apparently higher than group E at T2, T3 and T4.Conclusion: Propofol and etomidate for anesthesia induction and maintenance could cause hemodynamic changes, but the effect of etomidate was lighter. The propofol and etomidate both suppress adrenal cortex function, that inhibitory effect of etomidate was greater than propofol, therefore etomidate had a certain beneficial effect.