bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of project environmental thinking in the training of engineers
Authors: Lepeshev A A , Loginov Y Y , Kuimov V V , Tolstoy D A , Kozlov A V , Pogrebnaya T V , Sidorkina O V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
At transition of civilization to the sixth technological way and the Industry 4.0 the speed of new technologies emergence, which influence on the environment can be different from former, increases. The created means of environmental protection can be insufficiently effective for new technologies. In these conditions the formation of project environmental thinking is important when training engineers to fully consider ecological requirements directly during the development of new technologies. In this work the possibilities of the theory of inventive problem solving (TIPS) use as effective means of modern engineering thinking for project ecological thinking formation are considered. The theoretical analysis and systemic synthesis of the TIPS methods and the didactic system of innovative education "TIPS pedagogics" are applied. The possibilities of TIPS in innovative thinking formation and its highest form, such as sustainable thinking, including ecological project thinking, modern ecological outlook and noosphere thinking, starting since school level, are shown. The possibility of a collaborative activity in interactive training, using the method of innovative projects, allows to find new problems solutions, including in ecological education.
Impact of brush fire and pinetum horizontal structure on the tree condition
Authors: Vais A A , Shevelev S L , Nemich V N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The research focuses on pinetum in the South of Central Siberia. Studying was performed in the territory of low-mountain suburban forests. Sample plots were set up in the sites where wood fires of different strength happened; the pinetum plantations withstanding to burning were in the observational focus. It was found that post-fire condition of trees depends on the tree size and plant population. The fire damage to trees (scorch height) depends on a tree size and the distance from the nearest exemplar.
Magnetoelectric effect in bismuth - neodymium ferrite - garnet films
Authors: Masyugin A N , Aplesnin S S , Loginov Y Y , Bandurina O N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The prehistory of the dielectric properties of bismuth – neodymium ferrite – garnet films on a Gd3Ga5O12 (111) substrate cooled in an electric and magnetic field were established. The dynamic characteristics of the electric polarization are studied at large times when the electric field is turned on and off. The influence of a magnetic field on the residual polarization was found. The dependence of the electric polarization on the electric field in a magnetic field is determined. Experimental data are explained in the Debye model.
Features of large-scale thin foils fabrication for transmission electron microscopy by focused ion beam
Authors: Volochaev M N , Shcheglova M S , Balashov Yu Yu , Loginov Yu Yu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy is a well established technique. However there are some problems related with high-quality large-scale (over 10 um) sample preparation of thin foils. In this work we demonstrate the successful preparation of such samples on example of ferrite steel sample and present the refined lift-out preparation technique, which was applied here. All sample preparation has been carried out in conventional single-beam FIB Hitachi FB-2100 with additional low-kV Ar+ ion polishing.
Large deflection of a cantilever beam under transverse loading. A modification of linear theory.
Authors: Zuev D M , Zakharov Yu V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The paper provides a modification method for a classical linear theory of strength of materials in case of a cantilever under transverse loading. The modification uses a condition of saving arc-length of a cantilever. A sagging deflection of the modified linear theory has accuracy comparable with exact solutions in elliptic integrals and functions. The modification expand loading interval of applicability of the linear theory significantly. A comparison with an exact solution was made. We also considered a cantilever under combined loading: concentrated transverse load and uniformly distributed load (an own weight of a cantilever). A comparison with experimental data confirms accuracy of the proposed modification method.
Mechanical behavior associated with metallurgical aspects of friction stir welded Al–Li alloy exposed to exfoliation corrosion test
Authors: Baiyao Hu , Hua Zhang , Fuad Khoshnaw 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This research aims to investigate the effect of the exfoliation corrosion exposure time on the mechanical properties, the strength and elongation, of friction stir welded Al–Li alloy type 2195-T8. The exfoliation corrosion test was performed using the exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) solution, based on ASTM G34. The samples were exposed to different exposure times 24, 48, 96, 192 and 384 h. The results showed that both the strength and elongation of the welded specimens—exposed to the exfoliation corrosion tests—were reduced. For example, the samples that were exposed to 384 h, their initial tensile strength and elongation were reduced by 13% and 17% respectively. The degradation process due to the exfoliation corrosion on the tensile strength was divided into three stages: fast (0–96 h: 443.7 MPa-416.3 MPa, the degraded rate was 0.29 MPa/h), steady (96–192 h: 416.3 MPa-413.4 MPa, the degraded rate was 0.03 MPa h−1) and medium rate (192–384 h: 413.4 MPa-386.7 MPa, the degraded rate was 0.14 MPa h−1). For the elongation, in general, the reduction was similar to the style of strength, but with different rates. The TEM images showed that this degradation was due to the dissolution of T1 (Al2CuLi) and S′ (Al2CuMg) phase. Also, the corrosion products and their role of adherence on the surface of the tested specimens were investigated. An empirical equation p-t (mechanical properties-exposure time) was established to calculate the effect of exposure corrosion time on the performance of welded specimens.
Multi-shelled Ni6MnO8 hollow microspheres for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Cao Jun , Huang Cheng , Chen Zhangxian , Fan Xiaoming , Shi Kun , Yang Zeheng , Zhang Weixin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Binary transition metal oxides have attracted tremendous interest for their excellent redox activity and large natural abundance. They could achieve distinct electrochemical properties by engineering special hollow structures. In this work, we have synthesized triple-shelled Ni6MnO8 hollow microspheres constructed with nanosheets through step by step adsorption of the corresponding metal ions on carbon spheres followed by calcination in air. The as-prepared Ni6MnO8 hollow microspheres with nanosheet shells have an average diameter of ~900 nm, with a large surface area of 145.011 m2 g−1. They exhibit outstanding capacitive performance as electrode materials, including high specific capacitance (1380 F g−1 at 1 A g−1), distinguished rate capability (68% capacity retention at ultrahigh 100 A g−1) and stable cycling property (98% retention rate at 10 A g−1 after 5000 cycles), which are superior to those of the Ni6MnO8 hollow microspheres with nanoparticle shells. Furthermore, the assembled Ni6MnO8-NS//AC asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates a high energy density (31.8 W h kg−1 at 750 W kg−1) with a high capacity retention of 93% even after 10,000 cycles. The distinguished performances can be attributed to the synergy of binary metals and the unique hollow structure with nanosheet shells.
Microring resonator-coupled photoluminescence from silicon W centers
Authors: Tait A N , Buckley S M , Chiles J , McCaughan A N , Olson S , Rao S Papa , Nam S W , Mirin R P , Shainline J M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Silicon defect centers are promising candidates for waveguide-integrated silicon light sources. We demonstrate microresonator- and waveguide-coupled photoluminescence from silicon W centers. Microphotoluminescence measurements indicate wavelengths on-resonance with resonator modes are preferentially coupled to an adjacent waveguide. Quality factors of at least 5,300 are measured, and free spectral ranges closely match expectation. The W center phonon sideband can be used as a spectral diagnostic for a broader range of waveguide-based devices on cryogenic silicon photonic platforms.
Diversity of parental environments increases phenotypic variation inArabidopsispopulations more than genetic diversity but similarly affects productivity
Authors: Puy Javier , Carmona Carlos P , Dvořáková Hana , Latzel Vít , de Bello Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe observed positive diversity effect on ecosystem functioning has rarely been assessed in terms of intraspecific trait variability within populations. Intraspecific phenotypic variability could stem both from underlying genetic diversity and from plasticity in response to environmental cues. The latter might derive from modifications to a plant’s epigenome and potentially last multiple generations in response to previous environmental conditions. We experimentally disentangled the role of genetic diversity and diversity of parental environments on population productivity, resistance against environmental fluctuations and intraspecific phenotypic variation.MethodsA glasshouse experiment was conducted in which different types of Arabidopsis thaliana populations were established: one population type with differing levels of genetic diversity and another type, genetically identical, but with varying diversity levels of the parental environments (parents grown in the same or different environments). The latter population type was further combined, or not, with experimental demethylation to reduce the potential epigenetic diversity produced by the diversity of parental environments. Furthermore, all populations were each grown under different environmental conditions (control, fertilization and waterlogging). Mortality, productivity and trait variability were measured in each population.Key ResultsParental environments triggered phenotypic modifications in the offspring, which translated into more functionally diverse populations when offspring from parents grown under different conditions were brought together in mixtures. In general, neither the increase in genetic diversity nor the increase in diversity of parental environments had a remarkable effect on productivity or resistance to environmental fluctuations. However, when the epigenetic variation was reduced via demethylation, mixtures were less productive than monocultures (i.e. negative net diversity effect), caused by the reduction of phenotypic differences between different parental origins.ConclusionsA diversity of environmental parental origins within a population could ameliorate the negative effect of competition between coexisting individuals by increasing intraspecific phenotypic variation. A diversity of parental environments could thus have comparable effects to genetic diversity. Disentangling the effect of genetic diversity and that of parental environments appears to be an important step in understanding the effect of intraspecific trait variability on coexistence and ecosystem functioning.
Leaf chemical defences and insect herbivory in oak: accounting for canopy position unravels marked genetic relatedness effects
Authors: Valdés-Correcher Elena , Bourdin Audrey , González-Martínez Santiago C , Moreira Xoaquín , Galmán Andrea , Castagneyrol Bastien , Hampe Arndt 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsHighly controlled experiments document that plant genetic diversity and relatedness can shape herbivore communities and patterns of herbivory. Evidence from the field is, however, scarce and inconsistent. We assessed whether a genetic signal underlying herbivory can be detected in oak woodlands when accounting for variation at smaller (within-tree) and larger (among-stand) scales.MethodsWe tested relationships between tree genetic relatedness, leaf chemical defences and insect herbivory for different canopy layers in 240 trees from 15 pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) forest stands. We partitioned sources of variability in herbivory and defences among stands, individuals and branches.Key ResultsLeaf defences, insect herbivory and their relationship differed systematically between the upper and the lower tree canopy. When accounting for this canopy effect, the variation explained by tree genetic relatedness rose from 2.8 to 34.1 % for herbivory and from 7.1 to 13.8 % for leaf defences. The effect was driven by markedly stronger relationships in the upper canopy.ConclusionsOur findings illustrate that considerable effects of the host plant genotype on levels of leaf chemical defences and associated insect herbivory can be detected in natural tree populations when within-individual variation is properly accounted for.
High-density mapping in patients undergoing ablation of atrial fibrillation with the fourth-generation cryoballoon and the new spiral mapping catheter
Authors: Conte Giulio , Soejima Kyoko , de Asmundis Carlo , Bruno Jolie , Cattaneo Fabio , Chierchia Gian-Battista , Miwa Yosuke , Caputo Maria Luce , Sieira Juan , Regoli François , Moccetti Tiziano , Brugada Pedro , Auricchio Angelo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
To assess the value of high-density mapping (HDM) in revealing undetected incomplete pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) after the fourth-generation cryoballoon (CB4G) ablation compared to the previous cryoballoon’s versions.

Methods and results
Consecutive patients with paroxysmal or early-persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing CB ablation as the index procedure, assisted by HDM, were retrospectively included in this study. A total of 68 patients (52 males; mean age: 60 ± 12 years, 58 paroxysmal AF) were included, and a total of 272 veins were mapped. Fourth-generation cryoballoon with the new spiral mapping catheter (SMC) was used in 35 patients (51%). Time to PVI was determined in 102/132 (77%) and in 112/140 (80%) veins during second-generation cryoballoon/third-generation cryoballoon (CB2G/CB3G) and CB4G ablation, respectively (P = 0.66). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of discrepancy rate between the SMC and the mini-basket catheter in PV detection after CB4G and CB2G/CB3G ablation(1.4% vs. 7.6%; P = 0.01). A total of 57 patients (84%) remained free of symptomatic AF during a mean follow-up of 9.8 ± 4.6 months.

Conclusion
High-density mapping after cryoballoon ablation using CB4G and the new SMC identifies incomplete PVI, not detected by the new SMC, in a significantly lower proportion of veins compared to HDM performed after the other generation CB ablation.
4-Methylumbelliferone as a potent and selective antitumor drug on a glioblastoma model
Authors: Pibuel Matías A , Díaz Mariángeles , Molinari Yamila , Poodts Daniela , Silvestroff Lucas , Lompardía Silvina L , Franco Paula , Hajos Silvia E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent primary tumor of the central nervous system, has a median survival of 14.6 months. 4-Methylumbelliferone (4MU) is a coumarin derivative widely used as a hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor with proven antitumor activity and without toxic effects reported. We aim to evaluate the antitumor effect of 4MU alone or combined with temozolomide (TMZ) on a GBM cell line, its absence of toxicity on brain cells and its selectivity for tumor cells. The antitumor effect of 4MU alone or combined with TMZ was evaluated on GL26 cells by assessing the metabolic activity through the XTT assay, cell proliferation by BrdU incorporation assay, migration by the wound healing assay, cell death by fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) staining, apoptosis by membrane asymmetry and DNA fragmentation and metalloproteinase activity by zymography. The levels of hyaluronan and its capacity to counteract the effects of 4MU and the expression of RHAMM and CD44 were also determined. The toxicity and selectivity of 4MU were determined by XTT assay and PI staining on normal brain primary cell culture (NBPC-GFP) and GL26/NBPC-GFP cocultures. The GL26 cells expressed RHAMM but not CD44 while synthetized hyaluronan. 4MU decreased hyaluronan synthesis, diminished proliferation and induced apoptosis while reducing cell migration and the activity of metalloproteinases, which was restored by addition of hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, 4MU sensitized GL26 cells to the TMZ effect and showed selective toxicity on tumor cells without exhibiting neurotoxic effects. We demonstrated for the first time the cytotoxic effect of 4MU on GBM cells, highlighting its potential usefulness to improve GBM treatment.
Evolution of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research From a Bird’s-Eye Perspective: A Text-Mining Analysis of Publication Trends and Topics
Authors: Barash Yiftach , Klang Eyal , Tau Noam , Ben-Horin Shomron , Mahajna Hussein , Levartovsky Asaf , Arebi Naila , Soffer Shelly , Kopylov Uri 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background and aim
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research is extensive and increasing, with topics varying and shifting foci over time. A comprehensive analysis of the trends in IBD publications may help us grasp knowledge gaps and map future areas of interest. The aim of our study was to create a map of IBD research for the last 25 years using computational text-mining techniques.

Methods
We retrieved all available MEDLINE/PubMed annual datasets between 1992 and 2016. We categorized article characteristics by using word combination and title match techniques. We also assigned country of origin for each article from the first author’s affiliation.

Results
During the study period, 18,653 publications that appeared on PubMed were classified as IBD-related. The annual number of publications increased almost 4-fold (354 to 1361) during the study period. The United States had the highest total number of publications (n = 3179/16,358, 19.4%) and Denmark, Sweden, and Israel had the highest rate of publications per capita. There were 7986 articles successfully assigned with a main subject. Therapeutics, surgical treatment, and endoscopy were the 3 leading topics, with n = 2432/7986 (30%), 1707/7986 (21%), and 981/7986 (12%), respectively. When analyzing trends in topics over time, we found an increase in the proportion of articles on imaging (2.2% in 1992-1996 to 8% in 2012-2016) and a decrease in the proportion of articles on surgical treatment (30% in 1992-1996 to 19% in 2012-2016).

Conclusions
There is steady increase in the number of IBD-related publications. Although the United States is a world leader in the number of IBD publications, Denmark, Sweden, and Israel publish the most per population size. Medical therapeutics is the most popular topic, yet there is a steady increase in publications devoted to imaging and monitoring.
Preadmission Cannabis Use Is Positively Correlated With Inpatient Opioid Dose Exposure in Hospitalized Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Dalal Rahul S , Palchaudhuri Sonali , Snider Christopher K , Lewis James D , Mehta Shivan J , Lichtenstein Gary R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Opioid use is associated with excess mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent data have highlighted that inpatient opioid exposure is associated with postdischarge opioid use in this population. It is unknown if preadmission use of cannabis, which is commonly used for symptom relief among patients with IBD, increases the risk for inpatient opioid exposure when patients lack access to cannabis for symptom management. We sought to determine the association between preadmission cannabis use and inpatient opioid exposure while adjusting for relevant confounders.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients hospitalized for IBD within a large academic health system from March 1, 2017, to April 10, 2018. Opioid exposure was calculated by converting the sum of administered opioid doses to intravenous morphine milligram equivalents and dividing by length of stay. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the association between cannabis use and inpatient opioid exposure while adjusting for confounders including IBD severity and preadmission opioid use.

Results
Our study included 423 IBD patients. Linear regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between inpatient opioid exposure (intravenous morphine milligram equivalents divided by length of stay) and preadmission cannabis use (coefficient = 12.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6-21.5). Other significantly associated variables were first patient-reported pain score (coefficient = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.6-2.0) and preadmission opioid use (coefficient = 22.3; 95% CI, 17.0-27.6).

Conclusions
Cannabis use is positively correlated with inpatient opioid exposure after controlling for confounders. A personalized pain management approach should be considered to limit inpatient and possibly future opioid exposure among hospitalized patients with IBD who use cannabis.
Reconsidering hospital EHR adoption at the dawn of HITECH: implications of the reported 9% adoption of a “basic” EHR
Authors: Everson Jordan , Rubin Joshua C , Friedman Charles P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
In 2009, a prominent national report stated that 9% of US hospitals had adopted a “basic” electronic health record (EHR) system. This statistic was widely cited and became a memetic anchor point for EHR adoption at the dawn of HITECH. However, its calculation relies on specific treatment of the data; alternative approaches may have led to a different sense of US hospitals’ EHR adoption and different subsequent public policy.

Materials and Methods
We reanalyzed the 2008 American Heart Association Information Technology supplement and complementary sources to produce a range of estimates of EHR adoption. Estimates included the mean and median number of EHR functionalities adopted, figures derived from an item response theory-based approach, and alternative estimates from the published literature. We then plotted an alternative definition of national progress toward hospital EHR adoption from 2008 to 2018.

Results
By 2008, 73% of hospitals had begun the transition to an EHR, and the majority of hospitals had adopted at least 6 of the 10 functionalities of a basic system. In the aggregate, national progress toward basic EHR adoption was 58% complete, and, when accounting for measurement error, we estimate that 30% of hospitals may have adopted a basic EHR.

Discussion
The approach used to develop the 9% figure resulted in an estimate at the extreme lower bound of what could be derived from the available data and likely did not reflect hospitals’ overall progress in EHR adoption.

Conclusion
The memetic 9% figure shaped nationwide thinking and policy making about EHR adoption; alternative representations of the data may have led to different policy.