bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology, structure, and kinematics of the San Clemente and Catalina faults based on high-resolution marine geophysical data, southern California Inner Continental Borderland (USA)
Authors: Walton Maureen A.L. , Brothers Daniel S. , Conrad James E. , Maier Katherine L. , Roland Emily C. , Kluesner Jared W. , Dartnell Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCatalina Basin, located within the southern California Inner Continental Borderland (ICB), United States, is traversed by two active submerged fault systems that are part of the broader North America–Pacific plate boundary: the San Clemente fault (along with a prominent splay, the Kimki fault) and the Catalina fault. Previous studies have suggested that the San Clemente fault (SCF) may be accommodating up to half of the ∼8 mm/yr right-lateral slip distributed across the ICB between San Clemente Island and the mainland coast, and that the Catalina fault (CF) acts as a significant restraining bend in the larger transform system. Here, we provide new high-resolution geophysical constraints on the seabed morphology, deformation history, and kinematics of the active faults in and on the margins of Catalina Basin. We significantly revise SCF mapping and describe a discrete releasing bend that corresponds with lows in gravity and magnetic anomalies, as well as a connection between the SCF and the Santa Cruz fault to the north. Subsurface seismic-reflection data show evidence for a vertical SCF with significant lateral offsets, while the CF exhibits lesser cumulative deformation with a vertical component indicated by folding adjacent to the CF. Geodetic data are consistent with SCF right-lateral slip rates as high as ∼3.6 mm/yr and transpressional convergence of &lt;1.5 mm/yr accommodated along the CF. The Quaternary strands of the SCF and CF consistently cut across Miocene and Pliocene structures, suggesting generation of basin and ridge morphology in a previous tectonic environment that has been overprinted by Quaternary transpression. Some inherited crustal fabrics, especially thinned crust and localized, relatively hard crustal blocks, appear to have had a strong influence on the geometry of the main trace of the SCF, whereas inherited faults and other structures (e.g., the Catalina Ridge) appear to have minimal influence on the geometry of active faults in the ICB.
Intrarift fault fabric, segmentation, and basin evolution of the Lake Malawi (Nyasa) Rift, East Africa
Authors: Scholz Christopher A. , Shillington Donna J. , Wright Lachlan J.M. , Accardo Natalie , Gaherty James B. , Chindandali Patrick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Lake Malawi (Nyasa) Rift, in the East African Rift System (EARS), is an ideal modern analogue for the study of extensional tectonic systems in low strain rate settings. The seismically active rift contains the 700-m-deep Lake Malawi, one of the world’s oldest and largest freshwater lakes with one of the most diverse endemic faunal assemblages on Earth. Modern and reprocessed legacy multichannel seismic-reflection data are constrained by velocity information from a wide-angle seismic experiment to evaluate variability in extension, segmentation, and timing of fault development along the 550-km-long rift zone. Fault geometries and patterns of synrift sediment fills show that the Lake Malawi Rift is composed of three asymmetric rift segments, with intervening accommodation zone morphologies controlled by the degree of overlap between segment border faults. Most extension occurs on the basin border faults, and broadly distributed extension is only observed at one accommodation zone, where no border fault overlap is observed. Structural restorations indicate a weakly extended rift system (∼7 km), with diminishing values of extension and thinner rift fill from north to south, suggesting a progressively younger rift to the south. There is no evidence of diking, sill injection, or extrusives within the synrift fill of the Lake Malawi Rift, although the volcanic load of the Rungwe magmatic system north of the lake and related subsidence may explain the presence of anomalously thick synrift fill in the northernmost part of the lake. The thickest synrift depocenters (∼5.5 km) are confined to narrow 10- to 20-km-wide zones adjacent to each rift segment border fault, indicating concentration of strain on border faults rather than intrarift faults. Intrarift structures control axial sediment delivery in the North and Central rift segments, focusing sediment into confined areas resulting in localized overpressure and shale diapirs. The asymmetric, basement-controlled relief was established early in rift development. When overprinted with frequent high-amplitude hydroclimate fluctuations, which are well documented for this basin, the resulting highly variable landscape and lake morphometry through time likely impacted the diverse endemic faunas that evolved within the basin. New seismic-reflection data, augmented by wide-angle seismic data and age constraints from drill core, offer the most highly resolved 3D view to date of latest Cenozoic extensional deformation in East Africa and provide a foundation for hazards analysis, resource assessments, and constraining deformation in a low strain rate, magma-poor active rift.
Incidence of diabetes and prediabetes and predictors of glycemic change among South Asians in the USA: the MASALA study
Authors: Gujral Unjali P , Narayan K M Venkat , Kandula Namratha R , Liu Kiang , Kanaya Alka M 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionSouth Asians have a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This may be associated with high rates of conversion through the natural history of disease. However, there is a paucity of data on prediabetes and T2DM incidence and related predictors in South Asians in the USA.Research design and methodsWe estimated prediabetes and T2DM incidence after 5 years of follow-up in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study (n=481) and examined the associated correlates. We defined T2DM and prediabetes using the American Diabetes Association criteria. Prediabetes included isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT) and combined IFG and IGT.ResultsOverall, 152 (32%, 95% CI: 27.6 to 35.9) individuals progressed either from normal glucose tolerance to prediabetes or T2DM, or from prediabetes to T2DM. In standardised logistic regression models controlling for age and sex, only hepatic fat attenuation (increased hepatic fat) (OR: 0.67 (95% CI: 0.55 to 0.87) per SD, visceral fat area (OR: 1.36 (95% CI: 1.06 to 1.74) per SD and hypertension (OR: 2.21 (95% CI: 1.44 to 3.40) were associated with any glycemic progression.ConclusionsSouth Asians in the USA have a high incidence of dysglycemia. Hepatic and visceral fat may be factors in glycemic progression, and prevention efforts should target ectopic fat reduction.
Nasa dugo(‘It’s in the blood’): lay conceptions of hypertension in the Philippines
Authors: Lasco Gideon , Mendoza Jhaki , Renedo Alicia , Seguin Maureen L , Palafox Benjamin , Palileo-Villanueva Lia M , Amit Arianna Maever L , Dans Antonio L , Balabanova Dina , McKee Martin 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionUnderstanding explanatory models is important for hypertension, a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. This article aims to determine what adult patients with hypertension in the Philippines attribute their condition to, how these views might be explained and what the implications are for hypertension management.MethodsThis is a qualitative study drawing on 71 semistructured interviews (40 initial and 31 follow-up) and four focus group discussions with patients diagnosed with hypertension. The setting was urban and rural low-income communities in the Philippines.ResultsFour prominent perceived causes were identified—genetics, heat, stress and diet—for what patients refer to as ‘high blood’. We propose a ‘folk physiology’ that rests on local understandings of blood and blood flow, draws from broader cultural notions of illness causation and accounts for a dynamic, non-chronic view of hypertension that in turn informs the health behaviours of those affected.ConclusionsBy understanding that hypertension is frequently seen not as a chronic constant condition but rather as an episodic one triggered by external influences, although in those genetically predisposed to it, it may be possible to address patient’s beliefs and thus adherence to treatment.
Attrition from specialised rehabilitation associated with an elevated mortality risk: results from a vital status tracing study in Swiss spinal cord injured patients
Authors: Chamberlain Jonviea D , Eriks-Hoogland Inge E , Hug Kerstin , Jordan Xavier , Schubert Martin , Brinkhof Martin W G 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionStudy drop-out and attrition from treating clinics is common among persons with chronic health conditions. However, if attrition is associated with adverse health outcomes, it may bias or mislead inferences for health policy and resource allocation.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study uses data attained through the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury (SwiSCI) cohort study on persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Vital status (VS) was ascertained either through clinic medical records (MRs) or through municipalities in a secondary tracing effort. Flexible parametric survival models were used to investigate risk factors for going lost to clinic (LTC) and the association of LTC with subsequent risk of mortality.Results1924 individuals were included in the tracing study; for 1608 of these cases, contemporary VS was initially checked in the MRs. VS was ascertained for 704 cases of the 1608 cases initially checked in MRs; of the remaining cases (n=904), nearly 90% were identified in municipalities (n=804). LTC was associated with a nearly fourfold higher risk of mortality (HR=3.62; 95% CI 2.18 to 6.02) among persons with traumatic SCI. Extended driving time (ie, less than 30 min compared with 30 min and longer to reach the nearest specialised rehabilitation facility) was associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR=1.51, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.22) for individuals with non-traumatic SCI.ConclusionThe differential risk of LTC according to sociodemographic and SCI lesion characteristics underscores the importance of accounting for attrition in cohort studies on chronic disease populations requiring long-term care. In addition, given the associated risk of mortality, LTC is an issue of concern to clinicians and policy makers aiming to optimise the long-term survival of community-dwelling individuals with traumatic SCI. Future studies are necessary to verify whether it is possible to improve survival prospects of individuals LTC through more persistent outreach and targeted care.
Retinal detachment in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Chan Weng Onn , Brennan Nicholas , Webster Andrew R , Michaelides Michel , Muqit Mahiul M K 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveRetinitis pigmentosa-related retinal detachment (RPRD) is rare, and the full spectrum of retinal complications is not well defined. To describe the types of retinal detachment in patients with retinitis pigmentosa and the surgical outcomes of RPRD.MethodsThis is a non-comparative, retrospective case series. An electronic database search was performed using Moorfields OpenEyes electronic health records. We identified 90 patients with RPRD between January 2000 and August 2017. Main outcome and measures are visual acuity (VA), surgical outcomes and classification of RPRD.ResultsOf the 90 patients/detachments, 61 (67.8%) were rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), 19 (21.1%) were exudative, 3 (3.3%) were tractional retinal detachment (TRD) and 7 (7.8%) had combined. 37.5% (9/24) of patients with exudative retinal detachment were treated with either cryotherapy or laser, and one patient underwent vitrectomy for vitreous haemorrhage. 56/90 patients underwent surgical intervention. Nine patients presented late and were deemed inoperable (two exudative and seven RRD). Of the RRD patients with full operative record, the primary attachment rate was 76.2% (16/21) and final reattachment rate was 85.7% (18/21) over a mean 15.4-year follow-up period. Mean VA for RRD surgery improved from 6/190 (1.51 logMAR) to 6/120 (1.31 logMAR) (p=0.194). In the TRD group, the mean VA was 6/300 (1.66 logMAR) at baseline and improved after surgery to 6/48 (0.90 logMAR) (p=0.421).ConclusionsWe demonstrated a final reattachment rate of 85.7% with a trend toward better vision following intervention for patients with RPRD. However, the final long-term vision may be poor due to the natural progression of retinitis pigmentosa-associated macular degeneration.
Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations on Alzheimer’s disease with depression: evidence from resting-state fMRI
Authors: Mu Yuzhu , Li Yumei , Zhang Qi , Ding Zhongxiang , Wang Mei , Luo Xingguang , Guo Xiaoyun , Xu Maosheng 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) comorbid with depression is common. However, the mechanisms of AD with depression remain unclear.AimsTo investigate the regional alterations of brain activity of AD with depression in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).Methods154 patients with AD who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from the Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from October 2014 to October 2016. According to whether the core symptoms of depression were present, patients were divided into two groups, 22 patients with AD with depression (AD-D) and 52 patients with AD without depression (AD-nD). The amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was compared between two groups by performing independent-samples t-test.ResultsCompared with the AD-D group, increased ALFF values in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus were observed in the AD-nD group. The brain activity in the AD-nD group in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus and the left inferior frontal gyrus was higher than the AD-D group.ConclusionsResting-state brain functional alterations may be closely bound up with the pathophysiologic features of patients with AD with depressive symptoms.
Treating canine pyoderma with topical antibacterial therapy
Authors: Frosini Siân‐Marie , Loeffler Anette 
Published: July 2020

Background: The historical concept that topical treatments have to ‘sting, stain and stink’ in order to be effective has long been overhauled. A broad range of topical antibacterial products is now available, some as prescription‐only medicines following efficacy and safety studies, others are accessible to owners without prescription and marketed as antibacterial. Now, with the emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria to systemic therapies, the role of topical therapy has changed from supportive to mainstay in many infections. However, the outcome of topical therapy relies heavily on owner and patient compliance, and engaging owners in the process can be time‐consuming and challenging for veterinary practitioners.Aim of the article: This article summarises the latest evidence relating to topical antibacterial treatments for canine pyoderma, provides practical tips on how to maximise treatment success, and highlights where topical therapy can replace systemic antibiotics to support good antimicrobial stewardship.
Morphological and evolutionary patterns of emerging arctic coastal landscapes: the case of northwestern Nunavik (Quebec, Canada)
Authors: Boisson Antoine , Allard Michel 
Published: July 2020

Northwestern Nunavik (Quebec, Canada) is characterized by specific landforms and poorly documented examples of emerging coastal landscapes. In this study, we identified the different types of coasts and examined how they were morphologically reworked and shaped during the Holocene. This coastal region is currently emerging at rates of 8–9 mm/year due to glacial isostatic adjustment. The coastal zone includes a large number of glacial and glaciofluvial landforms such as De Geer moraines, eskers, and drumlinoid ridges that are continuously modified by coastal processes as they emerge. Wave erosion, shore drifting, and sedimentation transform the original landforms into transverse spits, tombolos, dunes, beaches, and narrow tidal flats. Once raised above the reach of storm surges, the coastal landscape evolves into a maze of low tundra ridges, wetlands, and lakes, which represent the end point of rapid shoreline regression. Exposure to a cold climate allows permafrost inception and aggradation in the uplifted sediments, forming features such as ice-wedge polygons and frost boils. Conceptual models of coastal evolution and ecosystem formation are proposed, from the original submarine landscapes to the emerged landscapes.
Nitrogen and phosphorus release from paper mill biosolids as affected by material source and soil type under controlled incubation
Authors: Gagnon Bernard , Ziadi Noura 
Published: July 2020

Combined paper mill biosolids (PB) are a well-known fertilizing source of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Many jurisdictions have established default values for estimating their agronomic N and P contribution, but nutrient release can vary with their chemical properties, and this has been little studied. The objective of this incubation study was to compare four PB of different sources along with a de-inking paper sludge (DPS) for their N and P release in three contrasting soils under controlled conditions (25 °C, 60% water-filled pore space). Treatments consisted of PB or DPS at 50 Mg fresh mass ha−1, PB at 30 Mg fresh mass ha−1 plus inorganic N to supply 100 kg available N ha−1, inorganic NP fertilizer, and an unfertilized control. Measurements of NO3 + NH4-N were made after 3 d and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 wk of incubation. Mehlich-3 P was measured after 2 and 16 wk of incubation. Nitrogen mineralization generally declined a few days after PB addition and then gradually and constantly increased. The P mineralization of PB also increased with time. By the end of incubation, net N and P release averaged 30% (7%–49%) and 75% (16%–116%) of the NP fertilizer, respectively. The intensity of release, however, varied with material characteristics and soil type. Mineral N addition to the 30 Mg PB ha−1 promoted N release to a level comparable to NP fertilizer. Soil N immobilization occurred with the DPS application. Current default N value used for PB in Quebec and Ontario is appropriate but not P.
Segregated interactions in urban and online space
Authors: Dong Xiaowen , Morales Alfredo J. , Jahani Eaman , Moro Esteban , Lepri Bruno , Bozkaya Burcin , Sarraute Carlos , Bar-Yam Yaneer , Pentland Alex 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUrban income segregation is a widespread phenomenon that challenges societies across the globe. Classical studies on segregation have largely focused on the geographic distribution of residential neighborhoods rather than on patterns of social behaviors and interactions. In this study, we analyze segregation in economic and social interactions by observing credit card transactions and Twitter mentions among thousands of individuals in three culturally different metropolitan areas. We show that segregated interaction is amplified relative to the expected effects of geographic segregation in terms of both purchase activity and online communication. Furthermore, we find that segregation increases with difference in socio-economic status but is asymmetric for purchase activity, i.e., the amount of interaction from poorer to wealthier neighborhoods is larger than vice versa. Our results provide novel insights into the understanding of behavioral segregation in human interactions with significant socio-political and economic implications.
Exploratory Genome-Wide Interaction Analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Predicted Gene Expression on Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Su Yu-Ru , Petersen Paneen S. , Bien Stephanie , Schmit Stephanie L. , Drew David A. , Albanes Demetrius , Berndt Sonja I. , Brenner Hermann , Campbell Peter T. , Casey Graham , Chang-Claude Jenny , Gallinger Steven J. , Gruber Stephen B. , Haile Robert W. , Harrison Tabitha A. , Hoffmeister Michael , Jacobs Eric J. , Jenkins Mark A. , Joshi Amit D. , Li Li , Lin Yi , Lindor Noralane M. , Marchand Loïc Le , Martin Vicente , Milne Roger , Maclnnis Robert , Moreno Victor , Nan Hongmei , Newcomb Polly A. , Potter John D. , Rennert Gad , Rennert Hedy , Slattery Martha L. , Thibodeau Steve N. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Woods Michael O. , Chan Andrew T. , White Emily , Hsu Li , Peters Ulrike 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background:
Regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer. Genome-wide interaction analysis on single variants (G × E) has identified several SNPs that may interact with NSAIDs to confer colorectal cancer risk, but variations in gene expression levels may also modify the effect of NSAID use. Therefore, we tested interactions between NSAID use and predicted gene expression levels in relation to colorectal cancer risk.

Methods:
Genetically predicted gene expressions were tested for interaction with NSAID use on colorectal cancer risk among 19,258 colorectal cancer cases and 18,597 controls from 21 observational studies. A Mixed Score Test for Interactions (MiSTi) approach was used to jointly assess G × E effects which are modeled via fixed interaction effects of the weighted burden within each gene set (burden) and residual G × E effects (variance). A false discovery rate (FDR) at 0.2 was applied to correct for multiple testing.

Results:
Among the 4,840 genes tested, genetically predicted expression levels of four genes modified the effect of any NSAID use on colorectal cancer risk, including DPP10 (PG×E = 1.96 × 10−4), KRT16 (PG×E = 2.3 × 10−4), CD14 (PG×E = 9.38 × 10−4), and CYP27A1 (PG×E = 1.44 × 10−3). There was a significant interaction between expression level of RP11-89N17 and regular use of aspirin only on colorectal cancer risk (PG×E = 3.23 × 10−5). No interactions were observed between predicted gene expression and nonaspirin NSAID use at FDR &lt; 0.2.

Conclusions:
By incorporating functional information, we discovered several novel genes that interacted with NSAID use.

Impact:
These findings provide preliminary support that could help understand the chemopreventive mechanisms of NSAIDs on colorectal cancer.