bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arrhythmia in tumor lysis syndrome and associated in‐hospital mortality: A nationwide inpatient analysis
Authors: Gangani Kishorbhai , Fong Hee K. , Faisaluddin Mohammed , Lodhi Muhammad U. , Manaktala Pritika , Sadolikar Ashish , Shah Vraj , Gandhi Zainab , Abu Hassan Falah , Savani Sejal , Doshi Rajkumar , Desai Rupak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a life‐threatening oncologic emergency associated with fatal complications including arrhythmia. The epidemiology and mortality outcomes of arrhythmia in TLS are scarcely studied in the literature.MethodsWe used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to study the prevalence and outcome of arrhythmia in patients hospitalized with TLS (ICD‐9 code 277.88) from 2009 to 2014. Baseline characteristics, burden of arrhythmia, and pertinent outcomes were analyzed. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify the impact of underlying malignancy in predicting TLS‐related mortality.ResultsA total of 9034 cases of arrhythmia among 37 861 TLS patients were identified. More than half of the arrhythmia cases (67%) were found among white old (>65) males admitted to large bed size and urban teaching hospitals. Arrhythmic cohort showed higher frequency of comorbidities such as fluid‐electrolyte disturbances, hypertension, congestive heart failure, renal failure, dyslipidemia, diabetes, pulmonary circulatory disorders, chronic pulmonary disease, coagulopathy, and deficiency anemia. The most common malignancies were leukemia, lymphoma, metastatic tumor, and solid tumor without metastasis. We found significantly higher odds of in‐hospital mortality among patients with TLS compared to general inpatient population on unadjusted (OR 9.69, 95% CI: 9.27‐10.13, P < .001) and adjusted (OR 4.62, 95% CI: 4.39‐4.85) multivariable analyses. Overall in‐hospital mortality (32% vs 21.3%), median length of stay (11 days vs 9 days), and hospital charges were higher among arrhythmic than nonarrhythmic patients.ConclusionWith the availability of more advanced cancer therapy in the US, nearly one in four inpatient encounters of TLS had arrhythmia. Arrhythmia in TLS patients was associated with higher odds of mortality and increased resource utilization. Therefore, strategies to improve the supportive care of TLS patients plus timely diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmia are of utmost importance in reducing mortality and health‐care cost.
Interdecadal modulation of interannual ENSO‐Indian summer monsoon rainfall teleconnections in observations and CMIP6 models: Regional patterns
Authors: Mahendra Nimmakanti , Chowdary Jasti Sriranga , Darshana Patekar , Sunitha Pilli , Parekh Anant , Gnanaseelan Chellappan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study examined the Inter‐decadal modulations of interannual El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall regional teleconnection patterns in the observations and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. Observations show strong epochal changes of the relationship between ENSO and all‐India summer rainfall (AISR) with weak teleconnections in epoch‐1 (centred around 1915) and epoch‐4 (recent epoch) and strong teleconnections in epoch‐2 (centred around 1940) and epoch‐3 (centred around 1970) during the study period of 1901–2014. While on the regional point of view, it is found that epochal/decadal ENSO teleconnections to rainfall over northern central India and southern peninsular India are stronger and stable in all epochs. Whereas the rainfalls over the regions like Central India and Eastern Central India (ECI) displayed strong epochal changes in teleconnections, similar to that of AISR. This suggests that changes in ENSO‐ISM rainfall teleconnections are highly influenced by regional rainfall response. Anomalous upward motion over the head Bay of Bengal (BOB) and ECI regions related to Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the westward extension of low‐level cyclonic circulation from the Western‐North Pacific (WNP) region are mainly responsible for the epochal changes in regional rainfall patterns over India associated with ENSO. We have assessed the fidelity of 29 CMIP6 models in representing the epochal changes in ENSO‐monsoon teleconnections. Nearly, 35% of models simulate epochal changes in teleconnections reasonably well. In most of the models, epochal changes in teleconnections are influenced by the strength and location of large‐scale subsidence coupled to the strength of Walker circulation associated with ENSO. It is noted that the drivers of epochal changes in ENSO‐monsoon teleconnections vary from model to model. Whereas, in the observations, the variance of ENSO itself in summer could influence modulations in the ENSO‐ISM teleconnections apart from IOD and WNP forcing.
microRNA‐146a and ‐155, upregulated by periodontitis and type 2 diabetes in oral fluids, are predicted to regulate SARS‐CoV‐2 oral receptor genes
Authors: Roganović Jelena R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes and periodontitis predispose to a higher risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Recent studies show upregulation of innate immuno‐regulatory microRNA‐146a and ‐155 in oral fluids of patients with type 2 diabetes as well as of patients with periodontitis. The aim was to investigate whether upregulation of these microRNAs may relate to patient susceptibility to the infection via modulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 cellular entry factors expression.MethodsDue to limited experimental feasibility and health risks in Coronavirus Disease 2019, bioinformatic analyses combining with system biology were used as initial investigation of interaction between microRNA‐146 and ‐155 and genes encoding SARS‐CoV‐2 entry factors.ResultsSARS‐CoV‐2 cellular entry factors are expressed in salivary glands and masticatory mucosa (tongue) at different expression levels, comparable with those measured in lungs and tonsil. MicroRNA‐146 and ‐155 are widely involved in the regulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 oral cellular entry factors and may enhance expression of ACE2 and modulate genes involved in host immunity.ConclusionsDiabetes‐ and periodontitis‐induced increase in microRNA‐146a and ‐155 in oral cavity is predicted to upregulate angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 expression, essential SARS‐CoV‐2 entry receptors, and modulate host antiviral response. As it could suggest increased infectivity of diabetes and periodontitis patients, additional protective measures for periodontists are recommended.
Salivary and serum concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, macrophage inhibitory factor, and fractalkine in relation to rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis
Authors: Yilmaz Dogukan , Gönüllü Emel , Gürsoy Mervi , Könönen Eija , Gürsoy Ulvi Kahraman 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMonocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and fractalkine are chemokines that are expressed by a variety of cell types to regulate macrophage inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on their serum and salivary concentrations.MethodsAdults with either periodontitis (P, n = 21), or with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 23), or with both diseases (RA+P, n = 23) were included in the study. Systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (n = 22) served as controls. Saliva and serum samples were collected from all participants before the medical and periodontal examinations. Salivary and serum MCP‐1, MIF, and fractalkine concentrations were measured by the Luminex technique. Total salivary protein levels were determined by the Bradford assay.ResultsSalivary MCP‐1, MIF, and fractalkine concentrations were elevated in both RA groups (RA+P and RA) in comparison with systemically healthy controls. As related to total salivary protein levels, higher MCP‐1 (P = 0.003) and fractalkine (P = 0.045) concentrations were found in controls compared with the P group. In serum, MCP‐1 concentrations in the RA+P group were higher (P = 0.003) than those of group P. Elevated serum fractalkine concentrations were observed in both periodontitis groups (RA+P, P = 0.014; and P, P = 0.013) compared with controls.ConclusionsIn RA, MCP‐1, MIF, and fractalkine concentrations are elevated in saliva. These chemokines may disrupt oral macrophage responses and potentially take part in the interaction between periodontitis and RA.
Gel properties of transglutaminase‐induced soy protein isolate–polyphenol complex: influence of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Guo Siyan , Li Xingjiang , Jiang Shaotong , Zhong Xiyang , Zheng Zhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDTraditional soy protein isolate (SPI)‐based gel products, such as tofu, are generally produced by heating and by addition of metal salt ions to adjust the hydrophobicity and electrostatic force of soybean protein to facilitate the formation of a uniform network structure. However, the gelation rate of the soy protein gel network structure is difficult to control. Theoretically, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) could be used to alter the surface hydrophobicity of thermally induced SPI to improve its gelation rate and form a more uniform network structure, thus improving SPI‐based gel properties (hardness, water holding capacity and rheological properties).RESULTSAn SPI‐EGCG complex (SPIE) was prepared, and properties of the resulting gel, following induction of transglutaminase (TG), were evaluated. Results showed that EGCG is bound to thermally induced SPI primarily via hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding, thus altering the secondary structure composition and reducing surface hydrophobicity of proteins in thermally induced SPI. Furthermore, the optimum amount of EGCG required to improve the gel strength, water holding capacity and rheological properties was ≤0.04:1 (SPI 1 g L−1; EGCG:SPI, w/w). Thermal stability analysis further indicated that EGCG in SPIE was more stable than free EGCG after heating.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that EGCG can improve the gel properties of TG‐crosslinked SPIE, while EGCG in SPIE exhibits enhanced thermal stability. Additionally, the results of this study provide a novel strategy for the development of SPI‐based gel foods with improved gel properties and that are enriched with bioactive compounds. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Factors associated with 30‐day soft tissue complications following upper extremity sarcoma surgery
Authors: Hoftiezer Yannick A. J. , Lans Jonathan , Freniere Brian B. , Eberlin Kyle R. , Chen Neal C. , Lozano‐Calderón Santiago A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe incidence of soft tissue complications following sarcoma surgery in the upper extremity is reportedly high. Therefore, this study assessed the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database to identify independent risk factors, while also reporting the incidence of soft tissue complications in the first 30 days after surgery.MethodsA total of 620 patients that underwent surgical treatment for upper extremity sarcoma were included from the NSQIP database. Soft tissue complications were defined as surgical site infection, wound dehiscence, or soft‐tissue related reoperations. Clinically relevant patient and treatment characteristics were selected and analyzed.ResultsThe 30‐day soft tissue complication rate was 4.7%. In the multivariable analysis, higher body mass index (p = .047) and longer operative times (p = .002) were independently associated with soft tissue complications.ConclusionsHigher body mass index and longer operative times are risk factors for soft tissue complications following upper extremity sarcoma surgery. The soft‐tissue complication rate following resection of upper extremity tumors is low in this national cohort, possibly due to the relatively small tumor size and low prevalence of radiotherapy.
Sexual and Nonsexual Interpersonal Violence, Psychiatric Disorders, and Mental Health Service Use
Authors: Hauw Manon E. , Revranche Mathieu , Kovess‐Masfety Viviane , Husky Mathilde M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) increases an individual's risk of suffering from psychiatric disorders. However, only a small proportion of individuals exposed to PTEs use health care services (HCS). Few studies have examined how exposure to different types of PTEs affect the odds an individual will suffer from a psychiatric disorder and access HCS. The present study aimed to examine the associations among lifetime exposure to sexual and nonsexual violence, psychiatric disorder presence, and utilization of HCS. Data were drawn from a large cross‐sectional survey (N = 19,958) representative of four regions of France. Lifetime occurrence of traumatic events, past‐year DSM‐IV Axis I psychiatric disorders, and past‐year use of HCS were assessed using the CIDI‐SF. Lifetime exposure to violence, particularly sexual violence, was associated with significantly higher odds of suffering from common psychiatric disorders in the past year, including major depression, aOR = 1.70, 95%CI [1.34, 2.17], which was present among 36.9% of participants who reported sexual violence exposure, 20.9% of those who reported exposure to nonsexual violence, and 7.1% of those exposed to neither. Compared to participants who were not exposed to sexual violence, victims of sexual violence were more likely to have contacted health care professionals due to a mental health problem and to have received psychotropic medication. However, a significant portion of individuals with psychiatric disorders did not report receiving potentially beneficial HCS. The present findings highlight the need to identify victims of violence and improve access to appropriate services for this population.
Prevalence and factors associated with suicide ideation and psychiatric morbidity among inpatients of a general hospital: A consecutive three‐year study
Authors: Lee Jia‐In , Burdick Katherine E. , Ko Chih‐Hung , Liu Tai‐Ling , Lin Yi Chun , Lee Ming‐Been 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing a self‐administered questionnaire (the five‐item Brief Symptom Rating Scale, BSRS‐5), determine the prevalence of suicide ideation (SI), psychiatric morbidity (PM), and the factors associated with these conditions in a general hospital in Taiwan. All individuals aged 12 years or older, who were admitted to a Medical University Hospital between August 2014 and December 2016, were asked to fill out the BSRS‐5 at admission. The study was conducted in a medical inpatient setting, excluding Intensive Care Units and the Emergency Service Department. The 93,129 participants were recruited for analysis. Pearson's correlation, regression analysis and path analysis were performed to test the association between SI and each item of psychopathology and to determine the discrimination validity of individual BSRS‐5 items for predicting SI. The prevalence rate was 2.3% for SI and 2.0% for PM among all participants. PM was more prevalent in females and those aged 25–54 years. Individuals with PM had a significantly higher rate of SI (44.6%) than did others (1.4%). The prevalence of PM was varied by department, e.g., Psychiatry (44.3%), Rehabilitation Medicine (7.9%), and Nephrology (5.2%). The regression analysis and path analysis with structural equation model indicated that depression, hostility, anxiety, and inferiority were significant independent predictors of SI. The BSRS‐5 is an efficient and useful screening tool to identify psychological distress and SI among inpatients in a general hospital. Its integration into the electronic medical chart facilitates identifying patients at risk.
Daily entropy of dissolved oxygen reveals different energetic regimes and drivers among high‐mountain stream types
Authors: Canadell Marta Boix , Gómez‐Gener Lluís , Clémençon Mélanie , Lane Stuart N. , Battin Tom J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh‐resolution time series of dissolved oxygen (DO) have revealed different ecosystem energetics regimes across various stream types. Ecosystem energetic regimes are relevant to better understand the transformation and retention of nutrients and carbon in stream ecosystems. However, the patterns and controls of stream energetics in high‐mountain landscapes remain largely unknown. Here we monitored percent DO saturation (every 10 min) over 2 years in a glacier‐fed, krenal (groundwater‐fed) and a nival (snowmelt‐fed) stream as they are typical for the high mountains. We used daily Shannon entropy to explore the temporal dynamics of stream water DO and to infer information on the ecosystem energetics and on the potential drivers. We found that discharge modulated the drivers of DO variations at daily and seasonal scales. Elevated bed movement along with high turbidity and very high gas exchange rates drove the daily DO patterns in the glacier‐fed stream during snow and ice melt, whereas light seemed to drive DO dynamics in the krenal and nival streams. We found a window of favorable conditions for potential gross primary production (GPP) during the onset of the snowmelt in the glacier‐fed stream, whereas potential GPP seemed to extend over longer periods in the krenal and nival streams. Our findings suggest how the energetic regimes of these high‐mountain streams may change in the future as their biological and physical drivers change owing to climate warming.
Solar radiation and solar radiation driven cycles in warming and freshwater discharge control seasonal and inter‐annual phytoplankton chlorophyll a and taxonomic composition in a high Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen)
Authors: van de Poll Willem H. , Maat Douwe S. , Fischer Philipp , Visser Ronald J. W. , Brussaard Corina P. D. , Buma Anita G. J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFjords on the west coast of Spitsbergen experience variable Arctic and Atlantic climate signals that drive seasonal and inter‐annual variability of phytoplankton productivity and composition, by mechanisms that are not fully resolved. To this end, a time series (2013–2018) of Kongsfjorden (N 78°54.2, E 11°54.0) phytoplankton pigments, ocean physics, nutrient concentrations, and microbial abundances was investigated. Kongsfjorden phytoplankton dynamics were predominantly governed by solar radiation and cycles of warming and freshwater discharge that caused pronounced changes in light and nutrient availability. Phytoplankton growth after the polar night commenced in March in a mixed, nutrient loaded water column, and accelerated in April after weak thermal stratification. Spring (weeks 10–22) showed high diatom relative abundance that ceased when silicic acid and nitrate reached limiting concentrations. Summer (weeks 23–35) was characterized by sixfold stronger stratification due to increased freshwater discharge and continued ocean heating. This caused a warm, low salinity surface layer with low nutrient concentrations. Small and diverse flagellates, together with high bacterial and viral abundances, thrived in this regenerative, N or P‐limited system. Elevated late summer chlorophyll a (Chl a), and ammonium suggested increased regeneration and nutrient pulses by glacial upwelling. Fall (weeks 36–48) caused rapidly declining Chl a and increasing diatom relative abundance, which persisted throughout the polar night, causing high diatom relative abundance during spring. Despite inter‐annual variability in ocean temperature and salinity we observed relatively stable seasonal phytoplankton taxonomic composition and Chl a.
The inescapable effects of superstition and sacrifice on crimes against wildlife
Authors: de Farias Salomao A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis manuscript discusses crimes against wildlife through the lenses of two cultural perspectives: superstition and sacrifice. Why do people still buy/consume endangered animals/animal parts in current times? Whether for use in rituals, amulets, or culinary arts, wild animals are poached every day around the world. What can be done to change this reality? It is necessary to change the logic of “everybody's property is nobody's property,” The Tragedy of the Commons can shed light on this issue. An application of the current knowledge based on the reasons for the consumption of wild animals/wild animal products indicates that there is not a single solution to this problem. It is necessary to transform behavior as a result of education, which will lead to social change.
The case of the “This Is Not A Game” campaign in Zambia: An analysis of the messaging strategies used to deter illegal bushmeat consumption
Authors: Graham Johnny , Ferguson Yuvay M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article presents a case study of the “This is Not A Game” campaign in Zambia, which is aimed at influencing the demand for bushmeat. Bushmeat is essential nourishment for many people, so preventing its consumption can be difficult, even with the expressed goal of wildlife conservation. A content analysis of the messaging strategies used in this specific campaign reveals the implementation and effectiveness of various psychological appeals, message themes, and calls to action in creating online awareness and discouraging illegal bushmeat consumption. The data shows that fear appeals, particularly when conveyed in messaging related to human health and legal consequences, were among the most used and most engaging strategies in the campaign. The results of this study can be used to demonstrate the role that marketing could play in informing other approaches to stop crimes against wildlife.
The impact of marketing campaigns deterring the supply and demand of endangered wildlife in Kenya and China
Authors: Loebnitz Natascha , Kienou‐Traore Clarisse , Zhou Yanfeng , Frank Phillip , Grunert Klaus G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPoaching rhinos to sell their horns is one of the most pressing threats to wildlife and constitutes an illicit yet extremely profitable business. Employing construal level and reactance theory, two studies examine which marketing campaign is most effective in countries where the crime is actually taking place by distinguishing supply (=poachers in Kenya) and demand (=consumers of Chinese traditional medicine in China). Both studies follow a 2 × 2 between‐subject design with an additional control group whereby temporal distance and social distance are manipulated to outline weaknesses of current antipoaching campaigns and identify alternatives that are more effective. Results suggest that economic and identity‐related factors can explain consumers (China) and poachers (Kenya) intentions to purchase traditional Chinese medicine with rhino horn or sell rhino horn. In both countries, marketing campaigns featuring temporal distance were superior to close counterparts; yet, the mediating variables differ for each country. Close temporal distance elicits reactance. Interestingly, poachers do not seem to discriminate between close and far social distance. The findings have lifesaving implications for wildlife, profound practical implications for non‐governmental organizations, and governmental agencies' additional theoretical contributions.
Towards a classification of marine wildlife crime: Marketing strategies to curtail illegal fishing, malicious acts, and waterway pollution
Authors: Keel Astrid L. , Wolf Marco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMuch effort has been dedicated to fighting wildlife crime with modest results. This paper focuses on marine wildlife crime, which suffers from a certain level of neglect due to terrestrial bias (a predominant focus on land animals). Despite legislative and enforcement efforts, there has been little integration of marketing techniques to curtail marine wildlife crime. For these reasons, we set out to study current issues surrounding marine wildlife crime by conducting interviews with three experts in areas of marine education, research, and legislation. The interviews provide an overview of the threats to marine wildlife, aid in the development of a classification of marine wildlife crime, and provide strategies as to what marketing actions may be useful to reduce it.