bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rigging‐Skinning Scheme to Control Fluid Simulation
Authors: Lu Jia‐Ming , Chen Xiao‐Song , Yan Xiao , Li Chen‐Feng , Lin Ming , Hu Shi‐Min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInspired by skeletal animation, a novel rigging‐skinning flow control scheme is proposed to animate fluids intuitively and efficiently. The new animation pipeline creates fluid animation via two steps: fluid rigging and fluid skinning. The fluid rig is defined by a point cloud with rigid‐body movement and incompressible deformation, whose time series can be intuitively specified by a rigid body motion and a constrained free‐form deformation, respectively. The fluid skin generates plausible fluid flows by virtually fluidizing the point‐cloud fluid rig with adjustable zero‐ and first‐order flow features and at fixed computational cost. Fluid rigging allows the animator to conveniently specify the desired low‐frequency flow motion through intuitive manipulations of a point cloud, while fluid skinning truthfully and efficiently converts the motion specified on the fluid rig into plausible flows of the animation fluid, with adjustable fine‐scale effects. Besides being intuitive, the rigging‐skinning scheme for fluid animation is robust and highly efficient, avoiding completely iterative trials or time‐consuming nonlinear optimization. It is also versatile, supporting both particle‐ and grid‐ based fluid solvers. A series of examples including liquid, gas and mixed scenes are presented to demonstrate the performance of the new animation pipeline.
Topology Preserving Simplification of Medial Axes in 3D Models
Authors: Chu Yiyao , Hou Fei , Wang Wencheng , Li Lei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe propose an efficient method for topology‐preserving simplification of medial axes of 3D models. Existing methods either cannot preserve the topology during medial axes simplification or have the problem of being geometrically inaccurate or computationally expensive. To tackle these issues, we restrict our topology‐checking to the areas around the topological holes to avoid unnecessary checks in other areas. Our algorithm can keep high precision even when the medial axis is simplified to be in very few vertices. Furthermore, we parallelize the medial axes simplification procedure to enhance the performance significantly. Experimental results show that our method can preserve the topology with highly efficient performance, much superior to the existing methods in terms of topology preservation, accuracy and performance.
Intrinsic Symmetry Detection on 3D Models with Skeleton‐guided Combination of Extrinsic Symmetries
Authors: Wang Wencheng , Ma Junhui , Xu Panpan , Chu Yiyao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe existing methods for intrinsic symmetry detection on 3D models always need complex measures such as geodesic distances for describing intrinsic geometry and statistical computation for finding non‐rigid transformations to associate symmetrical shapes. They are expensive, may miss symmetries, and cannot guarantee their obtained symmetrical parts in high quality. We observe that only extrinsic symmetries exist between convex shapes, and two intrinsically symmetric shapes can be determined if their belonged convex sub‐shapes are symmetrical to each other correspondingly and connected in a similar topological structure. Thus, we propose to decompose the model into convex parts, and use the similar structures of the skeleton of the model to guide combination of extrinsic symmetries between convex parts for intrinsic symmetry detection. In this way, we give up statistical computation for intrinsic symmetry detection, and avoid complex measures for describing intrinsic geometry. With the similar structures being from small to large gradually, we can quickly detect multi‐scale partial intrinsic symmetries in a bottom up manner. Benefited from the well segmented convex parts, our obtained symmetrical parts are in high quality. Experimental results show that our method can find many more symmetries and runs much faster than the existing methods, even by several orders of magnitude.
Discrete Calabi Flow: A Unified Conformal Parameterization Method
Authors: Su KH , Li CC , Zhou YM , Xu X , Gu XF 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConformal parameterization for surfaces into various parameter domains is a fundamental task in computer graphics. Prior research on discrete Ricci flow provided us with promising inspirations from methods derived via Riemannian geometry, which is rigorous in theory and effective inpractice. In this paper, we propose a unified conformal parameterization approachfor turning triangle meshes into planar and spherical domains using discrete Calabi flow onpiecewise linear metric. We incorporate edge‐flipping surgery to guarantee convergence as well as other significant improvements including approximate Newton's method, optimal step‐lengths, priority embedding and boundary customizing, which achieve better performance and functionality with robustness and accuracy.
Fact and value in invasion biology
Authors: Sagoff Mark 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSome invasion biologists contend their science has reached a consensus on 4 facts: cost estimates of the effects of nonindigenous species provided in papers by Pimentel et al. are credible; invasive species generally, not just predators, pose significant extinction threats; characteristic biological differences distinguish novel from native species, ecosystems, communities, and processes; and ontological dualism, which distinguishes between natural and anthropogenic processes and influences, plays a useful role in biological inquiry. I contend there is no convincing empirical evidence for any of these propositions. Leading invasion biologists cite their agreement about these propositions as evidence for them and impugn the motives of critics who believe consensus should be based on evidence not the other way around.
Mosquito phytophagy – sources exploited, ecological function, and evolutionary transition to haematophagy
Authors: Peach Daniel A. H. , Gries Gerhard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor a very long time, mosquitoes have been known or suspected to consume plant liquids. Recently eclosed mosquitoes cannot survive long without consuming sugary plant liquids that provide fuel for flight and enable blood‐feeding and mating. Populations of even highly synanthropic mosquitoes may not be able to persist without phytophagy, even when vertebrate blood is readily available. Phytophagy is a key element of mosquito ecology, and understanding it is critical to combat mosquito‐borne diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about mosquito phytophagy and outline future research needs. Specifically, we review the many plant‐derived food sources mosquitoes exploit, study the pollination function of mosquitoes, highlight the predation risks of plant‐foraging mosquitoes, investigate the role of microbes in the sugar‐foraging ecology of mosquitoes, and shed light on the evolution of haematophagy.
The many dimensions of phytochemical diversity: linking theory to practice
Authors: Wetzel William C. , Whitehead Susan R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch on the ecological and evolutionary roles of phytochemicals has recently progressed from studying single compounds to examining chemical diversity itself. A key conceptual advance enabling this progression is the use of species diversity metrics for quantifying phytochemical diversity. In this perspective, we extend the theory developed for species diversity to further our understanding of what exactly phytochemical diversity is and how its many dimensions impact ecological and evolutionary processes. First, we discuss the major dimensions of phytochemical diversity – richness, evenness, functional diversity, and alpha, gamma and beta diversity. We describe their potential independent roles in biotic interactions and the practical challenges associated with their analysis. Second, we re‐analyse the published and unpublished datasets to reveal that the phytochemical diversity experienced by an organism (or observed by a researcher) depends strongly on the scale of the interaction and the total amount of phytochemicals involved. We argue that we must account for these frames of reference to meaningfully understand diversity. Moving from a general notion of phytochemical diversity as a single measure to a precise definition of its multidimensional and multiscale nature yields overlooked testable predictions that will facilitate novel insights about the evolutionary ecology of plant biotic interactions.
Shifts in the temperature‐sensitive periods for spring phenology in European beech and pedunculate oak clones across latitudes and over recent decades
Authors: Wenden Bénédicte , Mariadassou Mahendra , Chmielewski Frank‐M. , Vitasse Yann 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpring phenology of temperate trees has advanced worldwide in response to global warming. However, increasing temperatures may not necessarily lead to further phenological advance, especially in the warmer latitudes because of insufficient chilling and/or shorter day length. Determining the start of the forcing phase, that is, when buds are able to respond to warmer temperatures in spring, is therefore crucial to predict how phenology will change in the future. In this study, we used 4,056 leaf‐out date observations during the period 1969–2017 for clones of European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus roburL.) planted in 63 sites covering a large latitudinal gradient (from Portugal ~41°N to Norway ~63°N) at the International Phenological Gardens in order to (a) evaluate how the sensitivity periods to forcing and chilling have changed with climate warming, and (b) test whether consistent patterns occur along biogeographical gradients, that is, from colder to warmer environments. Partial least squares regressions suggest that the length of the forcing period has been extended over the recent decades with climate warming in the colder latitudes but has been shortened in the warmer latitudes for both species, with a more pronounced shift for beech. We attribute the lengthening of the forcing period in the colder latitudes to earlier opportunities with temperatures that can promote bud development. In contrast, at warmer or oceanic climates, the beginning of the forcing period has been delayed, possibly due to insufficient chilling. However, in spite of a later beginning of the forcing period, spring phenology has continued to advance at these areas due to a faster satisfaction of heat requirements induced by climate warming. Overall, our results support that ongoing climate warming will have different effects on the spring phenology of forest trees across latitudes due to the interactions between chilling, forcing and photoperiod.
Epicardial approach for cardiac electrophysiology procedures
Authors: Aryana Arash , d'Avila André 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince its introduction over two decades ago, percutaneous epicardial procedures have become well‐adopted by cardiac electrophysiologists, most commonly for catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias as well as left atrial appendage closure. The percutaneous epicardial approach has also been utilized for cardiac pacing and drug delivery. But still, its most common usage is for the treatment of intramural and subepicardial substrates that give rise to ventricular tachycardia, particularly in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. In fact, subxiphoid, percutaneous epicardial mapping and ablation have emerged as an important adjunct and in some cases the preferred strategy for characterizing and treating certain types of ventricular arrhythmias. Herein, we will review the indications and rationale for various epicardial procedures. Additionally, we will explore the anatomy of the pericardium as well as the frequently‐used epicardial access techniques. We will further examine the optimal approaches and methodologies for epicardial mapping and ablation and the impact of epicardial fat. We will also discuss the epicardial technique for left atrial appendage closure for the purpose of embolic stroke risk reduction. Finally, we will consider the potential for various complications in the setting of epicardial procedures along with their risk factors and discuss strategies to mitigate such adverse events.
Experimental evaluation of the potential for crayfish plague transmission through the digestive system of warm‐blooded predators
Authors: Svoboda Jiří , Fischer David , Kozubíková‐Balcarová Eva , Šťástková Andrea , Brůčková Marie , Kouba Antonín , Petrusek Adam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe crayfish plague pathogen (Aphanomyces astaci) can be transmitted through the digestive system of fish, but its dispersal through mammalian and bird digestive tracts has been considered unlikely, and direct experimental evidence remains scarce. We present a small‐scale transmission experiment with European otter and American mink fed with infected crayfish, and experiments testing survival of cultures of five A. astaci strains at temperatures corresponding to those inside mammal and bird bodies. The pathogen was neither isolated from predator excrements nor transmitted to susceptible crayfish exposed to excrements. In agar‐based artificial media, it occasionally survived for 15 min at 40.5°C and for 45 min at 37.5°C, but not so when incubated at those temperatures for 45 min and 75 min, respectively. The five tested strains differed in resistance to high temperatures, two (of genotype groups E and D) being more susceptible than other three (of groups A, B and D). Their survival to some extent varied when exposed to the same temperature after several weeks or months, suggesting that some yet‐unknown factors may influence A. astaci resistance to temperature stress. Overall, we support the notion that passage through the digestive tract of warm‐blooded predators makes A. astaci transmission unlikely.
Malignant melanoma of brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec
Authors: Blazer Vicki S. , Shaw Cassidy H. , Smith Cheyenne R. , Emerson Peter , Jones Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn 2012, brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) with large, raised, black growths were first reported from multiple areas within the Vermont portion of Lake Memphremagog. Subsequent surveys conducted from 2014 to 2017 at two sites within the lake indicated a prevalence of 30% in adult brown bullhead 200 mm and above total length. These lesions ranged from slightly raised smooth black areas to large nodular areas on the body surface and fins and within the oral cavity. Microscopically, these lesions were determined to be malignant melanoma with invasion into surrounding hypodermis, skeletal muscle and bone as well as metastases to gill, ovary and intestine. Liver neoplasms were also observed in 8% of the bullhead collected from Lake Memphremagog in 2015. Neither skin nor liver neoplasms were noted in Ticklenaked Pond, a site used for comparison.
Poverty, competition, democracy, and ownership: A general equilibrium model with vertical preferences
Authors: Kahloul Amani , Lahmandi‐Ayed Rim , Lasram Hejer 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe consider a general equilibrium model where individuals are simultaneously workers, consumers, and shareholders, with two possible market structures: Monopoly and Duopoly, and two extreme ownership structures: egalitarian and concentrated. Considering three standard poverty indicators, the questions are, whether more competition generates more or less poverty for a given ownership structure; and whether a democratic choice between Monopoly and Duopoly leads to the alternative with less poverty. When the ownership is concentrated, we show that Duopoly generates less poverty than Monopoly and the majority votes for the alternative with less poverty. When the ownership is egalitarian, Duopoly may generate more or less poverty and democratic choice alleviates poverty regarding at least one poverty indicator and worsens poverty regarding at least another one, the three poverty indicators never converging. An empirical study on the effect of competition on poverty supports to some extent our theoretical findings.
Accuracy of a flash glucose monitoring system in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Malerba Eleonora , Cattani Chiara , Del Baldo Francesca , Carotenuto Gaia , Corradini Sara , Golinelli Stefania , Drudi Ignazio , Fracassi Federico 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundA factory‐calibrated flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS; FreeStyle Libre) recently was evaluated in dogs with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. It is not known if this system is reliable during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).ObjectivesTo assess the performance of the FGMS in dogs with DKA and to determine the effect of severity of ketosis and acidosis, lactate concentration, body condition score (BCS), and time wearing the sensor on the accuracy of the device.AnimalsFourteen client‐owned dogs with DKA.MethodsThe interstitial glucose (IG) measurements were compared with blood glucose (BG) measurements obtained using a validated portable glucometer. The influence of changes in metabolic variables (β‐hydroxybutyrate, pH, bicarbonate, and lactate) and the effect of BCS and time wearing on sensor performance were evaluated. Accuracy was determined by fulfillment of ISO15197:2013 criteria.ResultsMetabolic variables, BCS, and time wearing were not associated with the accuracy of the sensor. Good agreement between IG measurements and BG was obtained both before and after DKA resolution (r= .88 andr= .93, respectively). Analytical accuracy was not achieved, whereas clinical accuracy was demonstrated with 100% and 99.6% of results in zones A + B of the Parkes consensus error grid analysis before and after DKA resolution, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceChanges in metabolic variables, BCS, and time wearing do not seem to affect agreement between IG and BG. Despite not fulfilling the ISO requirements, the FGMS provides clinically accurate estimates of BG in dogs with DKA.
Autoimmune hepatitis induction can occur in the liver
Authors: Dywicki Janine , Buitrago‐Molina Laura Elisa , Pietrek Julia , Lieber Maren , Broering Ruth , Khera Tanvi , Schlue Jerome , Manns Michael P. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Jaeckel Elmar , Hardtke‐Wolenski Matthias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe priming of T cells in the liver is widely accepted. Nonetheless, it is controversial whether immune activation in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) occurs in the liver or in the spleen. To address this issue, we splenectomized mice and induced experimental murine AIH (emAIH) with an adenovirus (Ad)‐expressing formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase (FTCD). Post‐splenectomy, the experimental mice developed emAIH to a higher extent than the control mice. In addition, splenectomized mice harboured more intrahepatic B cells and a disproportionately small number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) within a reduced T cell population at the site of inflammation. These results imply that the spleen is not the site of AIH induction. In contrast, the spleen seems to have a protective function since the pathological score was more severe in splenectomized animals. These findings have important implications for the aetiology of AIH.
Accretionary mixing of a eucrite impactor and the regolith of the L chondrite parent body
Authors: Hyde Brendt C. , Tait Kimberly T. , Moser Desmond E. , Rumble Douglas , Thompson Michelle S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNorthwest Africa (NWA) 869 is the largest sample of chondritic regolith breccia, making it an ideal source for research on accretionary processes and primordial chemical mixing. One such process can be seen in detail through the first identification of a eucrite impactor clast in an L chondrite breccia. The ~7 mm diameter clast has oxygen isotope compositions (Δ17O = −0.240, −0.258‰) and pigeonite and augite compositions typical for eucrites, but with high areal abundance of silica (9.5%) and ilmenite (1.5%). The rim around the clast is a mixture of breccia and igneous phases, the latter due to either impactor‐triggered melting or later metamorphism. The rim has an oxygen isotope composition falling on a mixing line between known eucrite and L chondrite compositions (Δ17O = 0.326‰) and, coincidentally, on the Mars fractionation line. Pyroxene grains from the melt component in the rim have compositions that fall on a mixing line between the average eucrite pyroxene composition and equilibrated L chondrite composition. The margins of chondritic olivine crystal clasts in the rim are enriched in Fe as a result of diffusion from the Fe‐rich melt and suggest cooling on the scale of hours. The textures and chemical mixing observed provide evidence for an unconsolidated L chondrite target material, differing from the current state of NWA 869 material. The heterogeneity of oxygen isotope and chemical signatures at this small length scale serve as a cautionary note when extrapolating from small volumes of materials to deduce planetesimal source characteristics.
Learning from Apps and Objects: The Human Touch
Authors: Eisen Sierra , Lillard Angeline S. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIn three studies, we examined children's geography learning from a physical puzzle and an app designed to mimic the puzzle. In Study 1, 5‐ and 6‐year‐olds were taught Australia's states by an experimenter using a puzzle or were taught by an app. Children learned significantly more states from instruction with the puzzle than when they used the app independently. When children were allowed to bring home the puzzle or app for 1 week in Study 2, total learning between conditions was comparable. Length and frequency of use were related to learning only for puzzle users. In Study 3, children were taught the geography lesson by an experimenter using the app. Children's learning from this social app condition was equal to the social puzzle condition but higher than the solo app condition of the earlier studies, suggesting that learning from digital devices is most successful when supplemented with in‐person social interaction.
Depression subtypes and obesity in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Silva Daniela Alves , Coutinho Evandro da Silva Freire , Ferriani Lara Onofre , Viana Maria Carmen 
Published: November 2019

SummaryExamining clinical features of depressive episodes may help elucidating the nature of association between depression and obesity, related to specific symptoms such as appetite and weight changes. This meta‐analysis of observational studies evaluated whether subtypes of depression are associated with specific anthropometric profiles in adults. We searched MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science databases, and Grey Literature for articles published up to October 2016 that examined depressive subtypes and adiposity measures among adults. The pooled effect size was estimated with random effects models. The PRISMA guidelines were adopted to reporting results, and this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016035685). A total of 22 articles were included in this systematic review, of which eight had data included in the meta‐analysis, assessing 14 757 individuals with depression. Patients with atypical depression presented a 2.55 higher BMI score compared with those with melancholic depression. Subgroup analysis identified a differential distribution of anthropometric measures in studies conducted with Chinese populations. Among the remainder studies, only one reported discrepant results, possibly due to the exclusion of “weight change” in defining subtypes of depression. Atypical depression was significantly associated with elevated BMI compared with melancholic depression, deserving particular attention due to its clinical importance.