bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Shock and Its Consequences on Early Life Performance of Stripped Catfis (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: Hartami Prama , Carman Odang , Zairin Muhammad , Alimuddin Alimuddin 
Published: August 2020

Researchers have widely applied heat shock on zygote stadia of domesticated aquatic animals especially for the purpose of ploidy manipulation in fish to accelerate growth, intermediate products for the production of infertile seeds, providing prospective brood stock as well as the monosex population. This is certainly an interesting study to see how far the impact of heat shock on the early development stages. This experiment used a 42 0C heat shock for 2.5 minutes on the zygote at different initial time i.e. 28.5; 29; 29.5; 30 and 30.5 minutes after fertilization. All treated larvae and control were reared in a 25 liters plastic container at density of 5 larvae per liter. The results showed that high percentage of fertilization rate were 92.61 % to 96.32 % and hatching rate was 85.33 % without any abnormalities were achieved in the control. While in all treatments had a very low hatching rate of 4.12 % to 8.93 % with relatively high abnormalities of 12.36 % to 27.60 % and a significant differences (P<0.05) compared to controls, but survival rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio after 30 days rearing period showed no significant difference (P>0,05). In terms of seed production, the heat shock treatment will limit 78 % to 82 % of larvae production.
The Dynamics of Water Quality During Culture of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) in The Aquarium
Authors: Puspaningsih Dewi , Supriyono Eddy , Nirmala Kukuh , Rusmana Iman , Kusmana Cecep , Widiyati Ani 
Published: August 2020

Intensive culture of snakehead fish used artificial feed with high protein content. The impact of the high use of artificial feed will cause waste that can cause poor water quality and cause fish mortality. The purpose of this research was to know the dynamics of water quality during culture of snakehead fish Channa striata in the aquarium. The test animals used were snakehead fish with a length of 6.90 ± 0.49 cm and weight of 2.57 ± 0.59 g. Fish was maintenanced with a density of 2 fish L-1, 4 fish L-1 and 6 fish L-1. Fish was cultured for four days in an aquarium with size of 60x40x40 cm3 and water volume of 20 L. Water quality were observed, i.e, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, TAN, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, hardness and alkalinity. The results showed that pH, temperature, hardness, TAN, nitrite, nitrate and ortophosphate were not significantly different between treatments (P>0.05), while dissolved oxygen and alkalinity were showed different significantly (P<0.05). On the fourth day of culture with a density of 4 fish L-1 and 6 fish L-1 has led to water saturation in the culture media. Dynamic of water quality was started on the third day of culture, whereas nitrites could not be converted to nitrate maximally. High levels of nitrate in the snakehead culture indicated that that this culture could be combined with an integrated aquaculture with plants.
Directional preference of otolith-related neurons in vestibular nucleus
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen , Kim Kyu-Sung , Kim Gyutae 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Due to the paired structure of two labyrinths, their neural communication is conducted through the interconnected commissural pathway. Using the tight link, the neural responding characteristics are formed in vestibular nucleus, and these responses are initially generated by the mechanical movement of the hair cells in the semicircular canals and otoliths. Although the mechanism to describe the neuronal responses to the head movements was evident, few direct experimental data were provided, especially the directional preference of otolith-related neurons as one of critical responses to elucidate the function of the neurons in vestibular nucleus (VN).Experimental Approach: The directional preference of otolith-related neurons was investigated in VN. Also, a chemically induced unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) was performed to identify the origin of the directional preference. For the model evaluation, static and dynamic behavioral tests were performed. Following the evaluation, an extracellular neural activity was recorded for the neuronal responses to the horizontal head rotation and the linear head translation.Results: Seventy seven neuronal activities were recorded from thirty SD rats (270-450 g, male), and total population was divided into three groups; left UL (20), sham (35), right UL (22). Based on the directional preference, two sub-groups were again classified as contra- and ipsi-preferred neurons. There was no significance in the number of those sub-groups (contra-: 15/35, 43%; ipsi-: 20/35, 57%) in the sham (p=0.155). However, more ipsi-preferred neurons (19/22, 86%) were observed after right UL (p=6.056×10-5) while left UL caused more contra-preferred neurons (13/20, 65%) (p=0.058). In particular, the convergent neurons mainly led this biased difference in the population (ipsi-: 100% after right UL & contra-: 89% after left UL) (p<0.002).Conclusion: The directional preference was evenly maintained under a normal vestibular function, and its unilateral loss biased the directional preference of the neurons, depending on the side of lesion. Moreover, the dominance of the directional preference was mainly led by the convergent neurons which had the neural information related with head rotation and linear translation.
Study of Temperature Distribution and Material Flow in Friction Stir Welding of AA6061-T6
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Ramesh , Kore Sachin D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A fully-coupled 3-D model of FSW was developed for 4 mm plates of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM) in ANSYS Fluent 14.5 software. Two types of the model; one with the tool and another without tool was developed for different tool geometry and analysis was done for temperature distribution in the workpiece as well as in tool using system coupling for first model and workpiece only in later one. A parametric study was performed at different tool rotational speed regarding temperature distribution, and material flow analysis was carried out for all tool geometries at a single rotational speed. The material behaves differently when passes through the different tool and it was affected by thermal history, viscosity and strain rate for particular tool geometry. Temperature-dependent material properties and a user-defined function (UDF) code of viscosity have been incorporated in the model considering the workpiece as a non-Newtonian viscous fluid. A better material mixing observed in case of threaded pin geometry by using a steady-state laminar flow model. All tapered tool geometries were unable to mix material properly just below and around the pin tip due to very low-velocity magnitude in this region, which may lead to a kind of defect. An asymmetric temperature distribution observed in the workpiece and at higher rotational speed peak temperature observed higher in the workpiece, and the flow of heat was more in tool. Validation of the model was done by performing experiments.
Improvement of Freezing of Gait in Patients with Parkinson's Disease by Music Exercise Therapy: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Kun-Peng , Zhou Zong-Lei , Zhou Ru-Zhen , Zhu Yan , Zhang Zeng-Qiao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Freezing of gait, a common pathological gait in Parkinson's disease, is progressive with the progression of the disease. It is an important risk factor for patients to fall easily, lose their independent living ability and decline their quality of life. The treatment of Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait is very difficult, and the effect of medicine and operation is not ideal. Music exercise therapy is a kind of treatment technology that can change the behavior, emotion and physiological activity of patients by listening to music at the same time of exercise therapy. In recent years, music exercise therapy has been widely used in motor disorders and neurological diseases, and has achieved remarkable results. The small sample study in the early stage of this research group initially found that music exercise therapy can improve the freezing of gait of Parkinson's patients and improve the quality of life of patients. The overall purpose of this experiment is to expand the sample size to further evaluate the clinical effect of music exercise therapy on freezing of gait of Parkinson's patients.Methods/design: This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the clinical efficacy of music exercise therapy in improving the freezing of gait of Parkinson's patients. The patients will receive music exercise therapy, exercise therapy without music and routine rehabilitation therapy at random. We will recruit 81 inpatients of Parkinson's who meet the trial criteria to observe the changes of gait and limb motor function after 4 weeks of intervention. The first evaluation index is to use three-dimensional gait analysis system to evaluate the change of patients' gait. The second evaluation index includes limb function, activity of daily living and fall risk assessment.Discussion: Our aim is to evaluate the efficacy of music exercise therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's patients with freezing of gait. This result will provide more evidence for the clinical application of this therapy in the future.Trial registration: The trial has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn) on September 20, 2019. Registration number: ChiCTR1900026063
Technical aspects of management in the intensive care unit: A single center experience from a tertiary academic hospital
Authors: Alsohime Fahad , Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Al-Eyadhy Ayman , Gulman Sanaa , Issa Haytam , Alsohime Omar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Special technical issues arise in medical devices in intensive care units (ICU) that are related to their function and maintenance. This study explored the level of comfort of different ICU staff in dealing with selected equipment, the factors are associated with the staff’s ease of adaptation of new technologies, and the role of technical support staff. Methods: This is a single center cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey that was conducted in February2018 and targeted nurses working in the ICUs of King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Results: Among the 297 nurses who completed the survey, almost all of the respondents (99.3%) were aware of their ICU preventive equipment maintenance program. Most of the nurses received training on how to use infusion pumps (96.2%), cardiac monitoring systems (78.0%), and cardiac defibrillation devices (73.9%). Sixty nurses (20.2%) indicated that at least one super user was available for at least one device. About half of the staff reported one device whose user manual was available. Regarding updates on medical devices, most nurses reported they had no resource for the update. Conclusions: The findings revealed an alarming need to address technical issues related to medical devices used in the ICU and to design a framework for the safe operation of medical devices based on international practices. It is necessary to empower the role of the super user and medical device clinical educator as well as optimize communication between the national regulatory body of medical devices and healthcare providers, especially those working in acute care areas.
Stmn1 up-regulates Cdx2 expression and participates in gastric intestinal metaplasia in vitro and in vivo: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Xuan , Chen Lizuan , Ren Zeming , Tong Yeling , Dai Guanhai , Chen Sisi , Wu Renzhao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stmn1 is over-expressed in almost all pathological stages during gastric cancer development, such as chronic atrophic gastritis, dysplasia, and gastric cancer. IM is an important precancerous lesion of gastric cancer, however, whether Stmn1 was up-regulated or down-regulated in this stage is still unknown. We aimed to evaluate the expression level of Stmn1 in IM in vivo and its relationship with important gene of IM named Cdx2 in vitro.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Wistar rats (n=12, sex in half) were gavaged with MNNG (167μg/ml) to induce IM model in stomach. After pathological examination with AB staining to confirm that the model was successful, relative expression level of Stmn1 was detected between normal group and model group using RT-qPCR. Human gastric cell line GES-1 was used to investigate whether Stmn1 influence expression level of IM essential gene Cdx2 by over-expressing or down-expressing experiments, RT-qPCR and western blot.KEY RESULTS: We have demonstrated that Stmn1 was up-regulated in IM model induced by MNNG in rats in vivo, and it could significantly up-regulate Cdx2 expression level in human gastric cell line GES-1 in vitro.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: We demonstrated that Stmn1 was involved in IM in this model and it could up-regulating Cdx2 in human gastric cell line GES-1 in vitro. These results suggested that Stmn1 might be a potential biomarker or candidate treatment target of IM in stomach.
Optimal treatment and complications for the perforated upper gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Sugase Takahito , Michiura Toshiya , Urabe Shoichiro , Sasaki Kazuki , Hata Tsuyoshi , Hayashi Nobuyasu , Yamabe Kazuo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The perforation of upper gastrointestinal tract, primarily caused by peptic ulcer or cancer, is afflicted by a notoriously high mortality rate. The selection of appropriate risk assessments and therapeutic alternatives becomes important when addressing the risk for morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the optimal treatment and the post-treatment complications for this condition.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 50 patients with intraperitoneal free air due to perforated stomach or duodenum who were consecutively treated at a single institution between 2010 and 2019.Results All patients received initial inpatient treatment that was categorized as either surgery (n = 43, 86%) or non-surgery (n = 7, 14%). The non-surgically cured patients were significantly younger and had no or localized peritonitis, no ascites, lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and shorter hospital stay than the surgery patients. Of seven non-surgery patients, two patients were converted to surgery for worsening symptoms. One of them, who was elderly and had a longer perforation-to-treatment time, stayed at the hospital more than 2 months after surgery with CD Grade Ⅱ. Evaluation of postoperative complications using the Clavien-Dindo classification showed that the patients with Grade Ⅱ–Ⅴ (n=21) were significantly older and had higher heart rates, poorer physical status, and longer perforation-to-surgery than those with Grade 0–Ⅰ (n=24). Preoperative CRP, prothrombin time, and lactate were significantly higher, and hemoglobin was significantly lower in the patients with Grade Ⅱ–Ⅴ. They had significantly longer operation times and found acute renal failure more frequently. Postoperative findings showed a significantly more prolonged period of antibiotic administration, fasting, and hospital stay. The postoperative blood examinations of them showed that minor changes were observed in WBC and neutrophil, and neutrophil and CRP were significantly higher after surgery. The multivariable analyses identified elevated lactate as an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. The postoperative outcomes in patients with perforated gastric cancer depended on the stage and whether a curative resection could be performed.Conclusions Consideration should be given to the indications of non-surgery in elderly patients as well as the delay of treatment and postoperative outcomes of patients with elevated lactate preoperatively.
Frequency of Colorectal lesions among Sudanese Patient attending for endoscopy-multi center study
Authors: Mukhtar Ashwag Mohammed , Hussein Tarig Mohamed , Abdelaziz Muataz SalahEldin , Alhaboob Nassir , Gady ElSagad Eltayeb , ElHassan Lamyaa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer is one of the most significant causes of cancer death. With records of high incidence and late detection of the disease in Sudan, and it was found to affect younger age groups.Methods This study aimed to explore the incidence of colorectal lesions in the main endoscopic centers in Khartoum state- Sudan. It was a cross-sectional prospective study; data were collected from patients attending the main endoscopic centers in Sudan- Khartoum state during February 2013 to June 2014 including Khartoum teaching hospital, Neelain medical diagnostic center and Ibn sina hospital.Results One hundred and six participants were diagnosed endoscopically with colorectal lesions, 44 (41.5%) showed inflammatory mucosa, 40 (37.7 %) showed tumor and 22 (20.7%) had polyps.In the whole group of patients the mean age was 45.7 years, 34.2% of tumor patients were less than 50 years old, 46.8% of the lesions were in the rectum, the highest frequency of tumor patients group were from western tribes, and the lesions were located commonly in the rectum. Conclusion We concluded that the rectum is the most common site of cancer within the Sudanese population than other parts of the colon with apparently high incidence within young ages.
Prevalence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis among TB patients in Malaysia.
Authors: Rajendran Mahindran Rajendran , Zaki Rafdzah Ahmad , Bakar Zamzurina Abu , Aghamohammadi Nasrin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Currently multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a significant public health concern in Malaysia.Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MDR-TB in Malaysian tuberculosis patients. Method. A retrospective analysis was performed, and data was obtained from the Malaysian National TB Information System (TBIS) between 2009 and 2019. A record of 989 MDR-TB cases were identified and associated risk characteristics such as marital status, gender, ethnicity, employment status, alcohol consumption, diabetic status and smoking status were determined. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 20.Results: Overall, the occurrence of MDR-TB among patients with TB infections in Malaysia was 0.34% based on data collected from TBIS. The findings revealed major variations in the incidence of MDR-TB between male and female patients (0.44%, 0.20%, p < 0.001), single and married patients (1.63% vs 0.24%, p < 0.001), ethnicity (p < 0.001), working and non-working patients (0.48% vs 0.32%, p < 0.001), alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients (0.44% vs 0.32%, p < 0.001), diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients (0.39% vs 0.27%, p < 0.001), followed by smoking and non-smoking patients (0.13% vs 0.27%, p < 0.001).Conclusion: This study provides a substantial assessment of MDR-TB prevalence and associated risk factors that could be useful for the implementation of new strategies in Malaysia's national TB policy.
Voxel-Based Morphometric Features of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Tu Yunhai , Chen Tingting , Mao Bangxun , Mao Chuanwan , Liu Xiaozheng , Gao Jianlu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is a serious complication of thyroid-associated ophthalmology (TAO), leading to loss of vision or blindness. Numerous studies had reported thyroid dysfunction affects a wide range of visual pathways in adults, from the retina to the visual center. We aimed to explore if there were abnormalities of gray matter density (GMD) in DON patients.Methods: We collected patients with TAO from The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. All patients underwent routine ophthalmic examination, Clinical Activity Score (CAS), intraocular pressure (IOP), exophthalmos, visual field, OCT,and orbital CT scan. 16 patients with DON and 16 patients without DON (N-DON) were enrolled in this study. Age, gender, orbital congestion index and degree of education of patients were matched between the two groups. High-resolution magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient echo (MPRAGE) scans was performed on all patients. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was applied to analyze the T1 weighted images of the brain, based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) integrated VBM (FSL-VBM).Results: GDM was significantly decreased in the right middle temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal orbicular gyrus in the DON when compared to N-DON.Conclusions: The DON can result in reduced GMD in specific areas of the brain. This finding suggests that there may be other mechanisms in Don
The Prognostic Value of Cardiac Troponin T in Different Age Groups of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Authors: Wang Ruoran , He Min , Kang Yan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

The cardiac dysfunction has been confirmed as a common non-neurological complication and associated with increased mortality in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. As a biological marker of cardiac injury, the cardiac troponin T (TnT) has been verified correlated with outcome of some non-traumatic brain injury patients. However, the prognostic value of TnT in TBI patients has not been clearly illustrated. We designed this study to explore the association between TnT and outcome of TBI patients in different age subgroups.
Methods

Patients diagnosed with TBI in a prospective critical care database were eligible for this study. Univariate logistic regression analysis was firstly performed to explore the relationship between included variables and mortality. Then, the real effect of TnT on outcome of different age subgroups was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting the confounding effects of other significant risk factors. Finally, we draw receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate the prognostic value of TnT in different age groups of TBI patients.
Results

520 patients were included in this study with mortality rate of 20.2%. There were 112 (21.5%) non-elderly patients (age < 65) and 408 (78.5%) elderly patients (age ≥ 65). Non-survivors had higher percentage of previous acute myocardial infarction (p = 0.019) and pupil no-reaction (p = 0.028; p = 0.011) than survivors. Survivors had higher GCS (p < 0.001) and lower TnT than non-survivors (p < 0.001). TnT was significantly associated with mortality in non-elderly patients (p = 0.031) but not in overall patients (p = 0.143) and elderly patients (p = 0.456) in multivariate logistic regression analysis. The AUC (area under the ROC curve) value of TnT in overall, non-elderly and elderly patients was 0.644, 0.693 and 0.632, respectively. Combining TnT with GCS increased the sensitivity of predicting mortality of both non-elderly and elderly TBI patients.
Conclusion

The prognostic value of TnT differed between elderly and non-elderly TBI patients. Level of TnT was associated with mortality of non-elderly TBI patients but not elderly patients. Combining the TnT with GCS could increase the sensitivity of prognosis evaluation.