bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Torque Teno virus DNA in stools may predict occurrence of acute intestinal graft versus host disease early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Bueno Felipe , Albert Eliseo , Piñana José Luis , Pérez Ariadna , Úbeda Carlos , Gómez María Dolores , Hernández‐Boluda Juan Carlos , Gonzalez‐Barberá Eva María , Montoro Juan , Giménez Estela , Guerreiro Manuel , Balaguer‐Roselló Aitana , Hernani Rafael , Sanz Jaime , Solano Carlos , Navarro David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTorque Teno virus (TTV) DNA load in blood may act as a marker of immune competence after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (allo‐HSCT). Conflicting data have been reported as to the value of this biomarker for anticipating acute Graft versus host disease (aGvHD) occurrence. Here, we hypothesized that quantitation of TTV DNA load in stool specimens early after allo‐HSCT could be used to identify patients at high risk of acute intestinal graft versus host disease (aIGvHD). In this prospective two‐center study, we recruited a total of 83 nonconsecutive adult patients undergoing allo‐HSCT. The study period comprised the first 120 days after allo‐HSCT. TTV DNA was quantitated in paired stool samples collected at a median of 2 days prior to cell infusion and at a median of 14 days after allo‐HSCT by real‐time PCR. Thirty‐seven patients developed aGVHD, of whom 25 had aIGVHD (diagnosed at a median of 42 days after allo‐HSCT). Median TTV DNA load values in posttransplant stools specimens were comparable (P = .34) in patients with or without subsequent aIGvHD; nevertheless, a falling trajectory (decrease in TTV DNA load >0.5 log10 copies/0.1 g) in paired pretransplant and posttransplant specimens was independently associated with the occurrence of aIGvHD (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.3‐21.3; P = .02). Notably, displaying a rising trajectory had a negative predictive value of 87.5% for aIGvHD. In summary, in this hypothesis‐generating study, we suggest that the decrease in TTV DNA load from baseline in stool specimens may identify patients at risk of aIGVHD.
Genes related to flooding tolerance during germination and early growth of weedy rice
Authors: Kaspary Tiago Edu , Cutti Luan , Rafaeli Rafael Schwalm , Delatorre Carla Andrea , Merotto Aldo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEvolution of flooding tolerance in weedy rice has occurred in several rice‐growing regions, but the genes related to this process and the environmental effects are unknown. The objective of this study was to analyse the expression of genes related to flooding tolerance in response to temperature and flooding during the initial establishment of weedy rice. The experiments were carried out with rice cultivars IRGA 417 and Nipponbare, which are sensitive to flooding, and weedy rice ITJ03 and AV04 genotypes that have high and intermediate tolerance to flooding, respectively. The expression of genes related to reserve mobilisation, anaerobic respiration, escape and quiescence strategies was analysed at periods up to 24 days after sowing. The flooding tolerance of weedy rice genotype ITJ03 was associated with the expression of RAmy3D and OsTPP7 , which are involved in the mobilisation of carbohydrate reserves, ADH1 and ADH2, which participate in anaerobic respiration, and SNRKL1 that triggers rapid elongation of the coleoptile and emergence. Although the genes PDC1, SUS3 and SUB1 are important for flooding tolerance in cultivated rice, their expression was not directly related to flooding tolerance in weedy rice. A temperature of 20°C reduced levels of expression of the RAmy3D, ADH2 and SNRKL1 genes and low temperature had a negative effect on the establishment of weedy rice. Breeding of rice genotypes with tolerance of low temperatures and anaerobic conditions may be a viable strategy to improve the control of weedy rice in paddy fields.
GBT440 Increases Hematocrit and Improves Biventricular Function in Berkeley Sickle Cell Disease Mice
Authors: Gassner Ryan , Schreier David , Hacker Timothy , Tabima Diana M. , Chesler Naomi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder affecting millions of people in which red blood cells (RBCs) become sickled and lyse easily driven by polymerization of hemoglobin. Chronically, SCD causes anemia and biventricular dysfunction. GBT440 is an experimental treatment for SCD that prevents hemoglobin polymerization. We hypothesized that 17-month-old Berkeley SCD mice treated with GBT440 would have increased hematocrit (Hct) and better biventricular function compared to vehicle treated SCD mice. Our results demonstrate that 3 weeks of GBT440 treatment eliminated chronic anemia, increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and stroke volume index, and improved right ventricular function. Overall, our findings support a therapeutic effect of GBT440 in vivo in a small animal model of SCD. Next steps in investigating mechanisms of improved cardiac function are warranted.
Device Prototype for Vaginal Delivery of Extremely Preterm Fetuses in the Breech Presentation
Authors: Whalen Mallory , Chang-Davidson Elizabeth , Moran Terra , Hoffman Rachel , Frydman Galit H. , Slocum Alexander , Dangel Alissa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVaginal delivery is typically avoided in the extremely preterm breech population due to the concern of entrapment by the cervix of the aftercoming head. A mechanical device concept is presented to enable vaginal delivery by preventing retraction of the cervix against the fetus during delivery. The two-part device was designed to dilate the cervix, prevent prolapse of small fetal parts and maintain sufficient dilation during delivery. The two-part device was designed and manufactured with the following modules: an inflatable saline-filled cervical balloon for dilation and a cervical retractor composed of semirigid beams to stabilize the cervix and maintain adequate dilation. The device was tested using a cervical phantom designed to simulate the compressive force the cervix exerts. The cervical balloon reached a maximum dilation of 8.5 cm, after which there was leakage of saline from the balloon. While this dilation was less than the target goal of 10 cm, the leaking was attributed to prototype manufacturing defects, which could be resolved with further development. The cervical retractor was able to withstand between 1–3 kPa. Although estimates of cervical pressure values can be upward of 30 kPa, there are no in vivo measurements to formally identify the pressure values for patients in preterm labor. This device serves as a viable proof-of-concept for utilizing an inflatable balloon device to prevent cervical retraction in the setting of extremely preterm vaginal breech delivery. Further manufacturing improvements and design changes could improve the device for continued development and testing.
Effect of Sequential Helium and Nickel Ion Implantation on the Nano-Indentation Hardness of X750 Alloy
Authors: Tawfeeq Maisaa N. , Klassen Robert J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sequential He+ and Ni+ implantations were performed to investigate their combined effect on the indentation hardness of heat-treated X750 alloy. The microstructure of the ion-implanted region was also characterized with transmission electron microscope (TEM). The X750 alloy displayed a pronounced softening with very low Ni+ implantation levels, ψ = 0.01–1.0 dpa, however it showed a clear increase in hardness when implanted with He+ up to CHe = 5000 appm. Samples subjected to sequential He+ and Ni+ implantations displayed hardness values between those presented by sole He+ or Ni+ implantation suggesting that the effects of ion-induced microstructural damage and helium accumulation on the hardness of this alloy can be considered as independent and additive over the range of conditions studied. This observation is in contradiction to previously reported TEM-based studies, which suggest that accumulated helium slows the dissolution/disordering of the γ′ hardening phase in this alloy. In our study, established theories were applied to assess the contribution of ion-induced defect clustering, γ′ precipitate disordering, and helium bubble accumulation to the hardness of the X750 alloy. It was observed that generation of ion-induced defect clusters and the formation of helium bubbles increased the indentation hardness slightly while the disordering of γ′ precipitates resulted in a dramatic decrease in the total hardness. Ni+ and He+ implantation also had different effects on the depth dependence of the indentation hardness indentation size effect (ISE). The ISE was pronounced in the samples subjected to only Ni+ implantation while it was almost absent in samples subjected to only He+ implantation.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Solidification of Gallium in an Initially Emptied Horizontal Pipe Flow
Authors: Somers-Neal Shawn , Pegarkov Alex , Matida Edgar , Tang Vinh , Kaya Tarik 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In a reactor core meltdown under postulated severe accidents, the molten material (corium) could be ejected or relocated through existing vessel penetrations (cooling pipe connections), thus potentially contaminating other locations in the power plant. There exists, however, a potential for plugging of melt flow due to its complete solidification, providing the availability of an adequate heat sink. Therefore, a numerical model was created to simulate the flow of molten metal through an initially empty horizontal pipe. The numerical model was verified using a previously developed analytical model and validated against experimental tests with gallium (low melting temperature) as a substitute for corium. The numerical model was able to predict the penetration length (length of distance traveled by the molten metal) after a complete blockage occurred with an average percent error range of 9%. Since the numerical model has been verified and validated, the model was updated to predict the penetration length in the cooling pipe in case of a severe accident. The model was used to predict the penetration length for different Reynolds numbers and pipe diameters, which resulted in the range of penetration length from about 0.33 m to 0.93 m.
Container Spaces and Functional Features for Top-Down 3D Layout Design
Authors: Csabai A. , Xirouchakis P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
During the conceptual phase of product design, rapid generation of the rough assembly description and capture of the product layout should be supported. This work introduces a top-down approach for creating the product layout and facilitating subsequent detailed design. For this purpose design spaces are introduced. These design spaces represent the conceptual boundary of the components as well as references for defining relationships between the functional parts of the assembly. These functional units can be connected together by means of interface features and constraints. Once the design spaces and the relationships have been set up correctly the task of refining the components geometrically can be distributed and done in parallel. This concurrent work is controlled with access rights and well-defined responsibility areas. Since the layout and the component level are strictly delimited, kinematic analysis as well as layout modifications can be done at any stage of the product design without any explicit information about the geometry of the components. The presented top-down method, called 3D Layout Modeller (3DLM), facilitates capturing the human intention of the constructional design by providing tools and methods for doing this in a natural manner. This means that the design process starts with the overall definition of the functional behaviour of the product and the detailed description of the components remains for the design refinement stages (“minimum commitment modelling”). Since there must be well defined connections between the components, the project can be separated into different tasks. It is possible that a task can also be further divided, which indicates the hierarchical nature of the method.
A Concept for the Support of an Efficient Search for Product Data
Authors: Ahrens Gritt , Düsselmann Sven 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An effective data management is fundamentally important in product development due to the high level of interrelations between the departments, the high variety of the type of documents generated in order to document the development steps and the high rate of searching processes in development activities. In the following paper a graphical means is defined and used to illustrate the data saved during product development/design and its interrelations. This means, which is based upon investigations on design methodology as well as work science, is then used as the backbone of the presented IT-concept for a descriptive support of searching processes. Furthermore, the universality and flexibility of the tool ELEIT is demonstrated when the integration of an add-on tool, named SPECtool, that focuses on the collection and management of requirements is demonstrated.
Pattern-Based Approach in Conflict Cause Identification in Distributed Design Environment
Authors: Jiang Tianhong , Nevill Gale E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a well-organized structure of conflict classes and causes is presented. Based on our study of nature of the conflicts and the associated value patterns in design, a pattern-based computational model is proposed for conflict cause identification and successfully tested in Plane World distributed design simulation.
Dynamic Configuration Evolution of Distributed CE Design in Object-Oriented Databases
Authors: Al-Khudair A. , Gray W. A. , Miles J. C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of the configurations of a complex design artifact in a distributed concurrent engineering (CE) design environment. A generalized object-oriented model which captures the evolution of configurations and their components will be preseneted. We not only describe the object-oriented model, we also show how the dynamics between a configuration version and its components’ versions is maintained. The notions of version domain and version provenance are introduced to represent the domain-specific versions and to show how an object version arrives in its current state based on the 5W provenances (When, Who, Where, What and Why). A distributed architecture of a CE design environment will be also presented.
Disassembly Aimed at Product Remanufacturing
Authors: Lambert A. J. D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a new approach for lot size optimisation for multiple product configurations to meet the demand on the different components that are present in it. Commonality and multiplicity are dealt with. The method is placed within the framework of general disassembly sequence planning with an emphasis on the minimisation and further processing of the required amount of product data. A case has been worked out for demonstrating the method. Some recommendations for further extension of the method are given.
Multi-User Modeling of NURBS-Based Objects
Authors: Foster Cheryl V. , Shapirstein Yuri , Cera Christopher D. , Regli William C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents MUG, a multi-user environment for collaborative conceptual shape design. The majority of current research prototypes and commercial systems for collaborative modeling emphasize data sharing and markup. Collaborative 3D environments and virtual worlds usually restrict themselves to models with display representations (e.g., VRML) and asynchronous sharing of distinct objects. Our MUG prototype enables collaborative modeling of individual shapes: multiple users, operating at a distance, working on the same design. In our current work, we have focused on collaborative shape modeling of NURBS — allowing users to select control points and concurrently manipulate the same entity.
To achieve this functionality, we have developed a protocol for synchronous mathematical construction of NURBS forms. We have adopted a multi-client/single server architecture in which changes are synchronized at a collaboration server and propagated to the clients. Our implementation uses Sun Microsystems’ Java, along with the Java3D and JavaSpaces extensions. In addition, as part of this work, we have developed a Java-based NURBS library, as well as faceting and rendering routines specifically suited for a light-weight collaborative environment.
We believe that as network connectivity continues to radically reshape the design process, we need to enable new design techniques based on intimately shared design spaces. We believe that our approach illustrates one channel in which collaborative engineering systems can be better integrated with collaborative work environments.
Designing Flexible Production Systems With Virtual Reality
Authors: Gausemeier Jürgen , Krumm Holger , Grafe Michael , Ebbesmeyer Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the possibilities for using virtual reality technology in engineering applications. It concentrates on the planning and design of manufacturing processes and plants as well as facility planning. Modern design tools like simulation technology are introduced and it is discussed how these tools can be used in combination with virtual reality. Selected sample cases describe the benefits of using these technologies.
Design Synthesis in a Virtual Environment
Authors: Maxwell Douglas , King Rob , Butler Alley 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Traditional computer-aided design/engineering (CAD/CAE) is performed in a two-dimensional (2D) environment. Through the CAD system demonstration described in this paper, an alternative to the existing 2D technology for design of products is described. This alternative in which design synthesis is accomplished in a stereoscopic or immersive environment is called the Design Synthesis Virtual Environment or DSVE. Stereoscopic vision permits depth perception and provides perception of “real world” 3D existence. This DSVE technology, as defined in this paper, provides a virtual or immersive environment, computer-generated, but seemingly real.
The authors argue that significant advantages are possible when an immersive environment such as the DSVE is used for design synthesis. In the Design Synthesis Virtual Environment a gestural interface is used, and it is further argued that designers can perform design activities intuitively by using a more natural gestural interface within the design environment, allowing more rapid, efficient actions to create and/or modify product geometry.
As evidence, this paper reports on a demonstration conducted in a Design Synthesis Virtual Environment. Operation of the DSVE is explained, and two example problems are worked. Conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of the DSVE and the potential for further development.
A New Method for Building B-Spline Curves and its Application to Geometry Design and Structured Grid Generation
Authors: Flórez Guzmán Horacio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new approach for building two-dimensional B-spline curves and its application to Computer-Aided Geometry Design is presented. The method constructs smooth curves based on a new knot sequence with an iterative refinement procedure suitable for the design of complex geometries. This knot sequence is applied to quadratic and cubic spline curves in two cases of interest, namely inverse design and interpolation problems. For the latter the linear system of equations is given, taking into account the appropriate end conditions. Several figures and examples from Computational Fluid Dynamics have been included to compare the proposed scheme with others. The results show that the method is a powerful and robust tool in curve design. Finally, an algorithm for solving the problem of interpolation along a B-spline curve is proposed and its potential application to 2-D structured grid generation is discussed.
Generalizing of Numerically Solving Methods of Eigenvalue Problems to Asymmetrical, Damping Included Case
Authors: Rezaei Shahram 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, “Subspace” method is generalized to asymmetrical case. In the new algorithm described here, “Lanczos” method is used to find the first subspace and to solve the eigenvalue problem resulted in generalized subspace method. To solve the standard eigenvalue problem developed by “Lanczos” method “Jacoby” method is used. If eigenvalue problem includes damping matrix, that will be imported in new defined mass and stiffness matrices.
Control of Conical Shells Laminated With Full and Diagonal Actuators
Authors: Tzou H. S. , Wang D. W. , Chai W. K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nozzles, rocket fairings and many engineering structures/components are often made of conical shells. This report focuses on the finite element modeling, analysis, and control of conical shells laminated with distributed actuators. Electromechanical constitutive equations and governing equations of a generic piezo(electric)elastic continuum are defined first, followed by strain-displacement relations and electric field-potential relations of laminated shell composites. Finite element formulation of a piezoelastic shell element with non-constant Lamé parameters is briefly reviewed; element and system matrix equations of the piezoelastic shell sensor/actuator/structure laminate are derived. The system equation reveals the coupling of mechanical and electric fields, in which the electric force vector is often used in distributed control of shells. Finite element eigenvalue solutions of conical shells are compared with published numerical results first. Distributed control of the conical shell laminated with piezoelectric shell actuators is investigated and control effects of three actuator configurations are evaluated.
Prediction of Thermal Displacements in Finite Element Tool Models
Authors: Aßmus Jörg , Wessel Niels , Kurths Jürgen , Weidermann Frank , Konvicka Jan , Nestmann Steffen , Neugebauer Raimund 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Precision and productivity are very important criteria for the evaluation of modular tool systems and require a thermally stable process with tolerances in the micrometer range. During the past decades there has been an increasing interest in compensating thermally induced errors. In this paper we investigate wheather a prediction of thermal displacement based on a nonlinear regression analysis is possible, namely using the alternating conditional expectation algorithm (ACE) introduced by Breiman and Friedman, 1985. The data we are analyzing were generated by two different finite element spindle models of modular tool systems. As the main result we find that the ACE-algorithm is a powerful tool to model the relation between temperatures and displacements. It could also be a promising approach to handle well-known hysteresis effects. Limitations of this study are the model restricted results, next our findings have to be validated on real data.