bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Julichrome Monomers from Marine Gastropod Mollusk‐Associated Streptomyces and Stereochemical Revision of Julichromes Q3 ⋅ 5 and Q3 ⋅ 3
Authors: Dong Yuliang , Ding Wenjuan , Sun Changli , Ji Xiaoqi , Ling Chunyao , Zhou Zhenbin , Chen Zhiyun , Chen Xuehong , Ju Jianhua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo julichrome monomers, julichromes Q11 (1) and Q12 (2), along with five known julichromes (Q10, Q3 ⋅ 5, Q3 ⋅ 3, Q6 ⋅ 6, Q6, 3–7) and four known anthraquinones (chrysophanol, 4‐acetylchrysophanol, islandicin, huanglongmycin A, 8–11), were isolated from the marine gastropod mollusk Batillaria zonalis‐associated Streptomyces sampsonii SCSIO 054. This is the first report of julichromes isolated from a marine source. Extensive dissection of 1D and 2D NMR datasets combined with X‐ray crystallography enabled rigorous elucidation of the previously reported configurations of julichrome Q3 ⋅ 5 (4) and related julichrome Q3 ⋅ 3 (5); both of the configuration at C(9) needs to be revised. In addition, julichrome Q12 (2) was found to display antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis with MICs of 2.0 and 8.0 μg mL−1; four compounds (1, 3, 6, 7) also showed inhibitory activities against an array of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus and S. simulans AKA1 with MIC values ranging from 8 to 64 μg mL−1.
Long non‐coding RNA DBH‐AS1 promotes cancer progression in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma by targeting FN1 via RNA‐binding protein BUD13
Authors: Song Yanping , Gao Feng , Peng Yi , Yang Xuejie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBC) is a subtype of lymphoma with the worst prognosis. Existing treatment methods are not effective enough due to its high occurrence of metastasis. Therefore, identification of effective therapeutic targets is becoming increasingly important. In this research, long non‐coding RNA dopamine β hydroxylase antisense RNA 1 (DBH‐AS1) was found to be upregulated in DLBC tissues and cells. Knockdown of DBH‐AS1 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. Afterwards, RNA‐binding protein BUD13 homolog (BUD13) was found to be upregulated in cancer tissues and cells while binding to DBH‐AS1. Fibronectin 1 (FN1) was the downstream messenger RNA (mRNA) of BUD13. FN1 was upregulated in DLBC and was positively correlated with DBH‐AS1. Further rescue assays proved that DBH‐AS1 mediated FN1 expression by recruiting BUD13. In the meantime, BUD13 stabilized FN1 mRNA to promote FN1 expression. In this way, DBH‐AS1/BUD13/FN1 axis was confirmed. A set of rescue assays proved that DBH‐AS1 regulated DLBC progression via BUD13 and FN1. The function and mechanism of DBH‐AS1 were investigated for the first time in DLBC. DBH‐AS1 might become a therapeutic target in lymphoma treatment in the future.
Multi‐Photochromic Molecules Based on Dihydroazulene Units
Authors: Petersen Anne Ugleholdt , Kirschner Solberg Hansen Jonathan , Sperling Andreasen Emilie , Peder Christensen Søren , Tolstrup Anders , Bo Skov Anders , Vlasceanu Alexandru , Cacciarini Martina , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMulti‐photochromic systems incorporating individually addressable switching units are attractive for development of advanced data storage devices. Here, we present the synthesis and properties of a selection of such molecular systems incorporating the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) photo‐/thermoswitch. The influence of the linker (meta‐phenylene vs. azulene‐1,3‐diyl vs. thiophene‐2,5‐diyl) separating two DHA units on the switching properties was investigated. An azulene‐1,3‐diyl spacer largely inhibited both the DHA‐to‐VHF photoisomerizations and the thermal VHF‐to‐DHA back‐reactions; the latter occurred ten times slower than for the related compound with a meta‐phenylene spacer. A DHA trimer containing three DHA units around a central benzene ring was found to undergo stepwise DHA‐to‐VHF photoisomerizations, whereas the thermal back‐reactions occurred at similar rates for the three VHF entities. A meta‐phenylene‐bridged DHA dimer was subjected to further structural modifications at position C‐1 of each DHA, having strong implications for the switching events, and synthetic steps for further functionalizations at position C‐7 of each DHA were investigated. Finally, the molecular structure (from X‐ray crystallographic analysis) between the meta‐phenylene‐bridged DHA dimer and CuI is presented.
Importance of Methane Chemical Potential for Its Conversion to Methanol on Cu‐Exchanged Mordenite
Authors: Zheng Jian , Lee Insu , Khramenkova Elena , Wang Meng , Peng Bo , Gutiérrez Oliver Y. , Fulton John L. , Camaioni Donald M. , Khare Rachit , Jentys Andreas , Haller Gary L. , Pidko Evgeny A. , Sanchez‐Sanchez Maricruz , Lercher Johannes A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCopper‐oxo clusters exchanged in zeolite mordenite are active in the stoichiometric conversion of methane to methanol at low temperatures. Here, we show an unprecedented methanol yield per Cu of 0.6, with a 90–95 % selectivity, on a MOR solely containing [Cu3(μ‐O)3]2+ active sites. DFT calculations, spectroscopic characterization and kinetic analysis show that increasing the chemical potential of methane enables the utilization of two μ‐oxo bridge oxygen out of the three available in the tricopper‐oxo cluster structure. Methanol and methoxy groups are stabilized in parallel, leading to methanol desorption in the presence of water.
Organogermanium(II) Hydrides as a Source of Highly Soluble LiH
Authors: Tremmel Jakub , Tydlitát Jiří , Dostál Libor , Růžička Aleš , Deraet Xavier , Turek Jan , Jambor Roman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe reactions of monomeric C,N‐chelated organogermanium(II) hydride L(H)Ge⋅BH3 with organolithium salts RLi yielded lithium hydrogermanatoborates (Li(THF)2{BH3[L(H)GeR]})2. Compound (Li(THF)2{BH3[L(H)GePh]})2 was used as a source of LiH for the reduction of organic C=O or C=N bonds in nonpolar solvents accompanied by the elimination of a neutral complex L(Ph)Ge⋅BH3. The interaction of (Li(THF)2{BH3[L(H)GePh]})2 with the polar C=O bond was further investigated by computational studies revealing a plausible geometry of a pre‐reactive intermediate. The experimental and theoretical studies suggest that, although the Li atom of (Li(THF)2{BH3[L(H)GePh]})2 coordinates the C=O bond, the GeH fragment is the active species in the reduction reaction. Finally, benzaldehyde was reduced by a mixture of L(H)Ge⋅BH3 with PhLi in nonpolar solvents.
Determination of absolute configuration of photo‐degraded catechinopyranocyanidin A by modified Mosher's method
Authors: Oyama Kin‐ichi , Kondo Tadao , Shimizu Toshimichi , Yoshida Kumi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCatechinopyranocyanidins A and B (cpcA and cpcB) are two purple pigments present in the seed‐coat of red adzuki bean, Vigna angularis, of which cpcA is the major pigment, containing two chiral carbons in the catechin part. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of their experimental and quantum chemical calculated electronic circular dichroisms (ECDs). These purple pigments are labile on light irradiation and easily decompose to photo‐degraded catechinopyranocyanidins A and B (pdcpcA and pdcpcB), while retaining the stereostructure of the catechin residue. We applied modified Mosher's method for determining the chirality of the secondary alcohol in pdcpcA. Hexamethylation of pdcpcA by diazomethane followed by esterification using (S)‐ and (R)‐MTPACl gave (R)‐ and (S)‐MTPA esters, respectively. By analysis of the NMR spectra of (R)‐ and (S)‐MTPA esters of tetramethylated (+)‐catechin, the chirality of pdcpcA was determined to be 2R, 3S, same as the absolute configuration of cpcA.
Categorical observers for metamerism
Authors: Asano Yuta , Fairchild Mark D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA method is proposed to generate categorical colour observer functions (individual colour matching functions) for any field size based on the CIE 2006 system of physiological observer functions. The method combines proposed categorical observer techniques of Sarkar et al with a physiologically‐based individual observer model of Asano et al and a clustering technique to produce the optimal set of categorical observers. The number of required categorical observers varies depending on an application with as many as 50 required to predict individual observers' matches when a laser projector is viewed. However, 10 categorical observers are sufficient to represent colour‐normal populations for personalized colour imaging. The proposed and recommended categorical observers represent a robust and inclusive technique to examine and quantify observer metamerism in any application of colorimetry.
Reverse Saturable Absorption and Optical Limiting Application of Methyl Orange Dye Doped l‐Arginine Monohydrochloride (LAHCl) Single Crystals
Authors: Ragunath Balaji Srikanth , Sangeetha Kumaran , Babu Ramraj Ramesh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChromophores in azo dyes are optically active and play an important role in modifying the optical nonlinear properties. Methyl orange (MO), an azo dye, has been chosen to dope with l‐arginine monohydrochloride (LAHCl), in order to tune the nonlinear optical properties. Pristine and MO doped LAHCl single crystals are grown by slow solvent evaporation method at ambient conditions. The grown crystals are confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared studies. The crystals are subjected to linear and nonlinear optical characterizations. Decrease in optical band gap with increase in refractive index and birefringence are attributed to the increase in net macro‐polarizability of the doped LAHCl. Both pristine and MO doped crystals exhibit reverse saturable absorption (RSA) in Z‐scan measurements. The samples show optical limiting behavior under laser irradiation at 650 nm. The chromophore of MO has a significant role in enhancing RSA and optical limiting behavior of LAHCl.
Single Au Atoms Anchored on Amino‐Group‐Enriched Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Yang Yali , Li Fang , Chen Jie , Fan Jiajie , Xiang Quanjun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOwing to the maximum atom‐utilization efficiency and excellent catalytic properties, Au single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been extensively studied in various catalytic systems. However, the performance of Au SACs in CO2 reduction has seldom been investigated. Herein, Au single atoms on amino‐group‐modified graphitic carbon nitride (U‐ACN) was successfully synthesized through a mild and eco‐friendly urea reduction method. U‐ACN showed a remarkable performance for CO2 reduction, with CO and CH4 yields 1.97 and 4.15 times higher than those of pure graphitic carbon nitride over 2.5 h visible‐light irradiation. The excellent catalytic activity of U‐ACN derived from the introduction of Au single atoms, which lowered the energy barrier of CH4 formation, narrowed the band gap, and hindered the recombination of charge carriers. In addition, U‐ACN showed improved CO2 affinity owing to the amino groups in the catalysts introduced by urea.
Efficient Conversion of Pine Wood Lignin to Phenol
Authors: Ouyang Xianhong , Huang Xiaoming , Boot Michael D. , Hensen Emiel J. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObtaining chemical building blocks from biomass is attractive for meeting sustainability targets. Herein, an effective approach was developed to convert the lignin part of woody biomass into phenol, which is a valuable base chemical. Monomeric alkylmethoxyphenols were obtained from pinewood, rich in guaiacol‐type lignin, through Pt/C‐catalyzed reductive depolymerization. In a second step, an optimized MoP/SiO2 catalyst was used to selectively remove methoxy groups in these lignin monomers to generate 4‐alkylphenols, which were then dealkylated by zeolite‐catalyzed transalkylation to a benzene stream. The overall yield of phenol based on the initial lignin content in pinewood was 9.6 mol %.
Spectral efficiency enhancement in Massive MIMO system under pilot contamination
Authors: Ali Waleed A. , Anis Wagdy R. , Elshenawy Hamed A. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryMassive multiple‐input, multiple‐output (MIMO) system is an effective technique to develop the spectral efficiency of the wireless communication systems. Since the number of users is much higher than the available number of orthogonal pilot sequences, the users in the neighboring cells can reuse the same pilots of the home cell. Thus, pilot contamination occurs, which restricts the system throughput. In this paper, Laplacian centralized scattering‐spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channel model with multi‐cell minimum mean square error (M‐MMSE) combining and precoding to mitigate pilot contamination and enhance cell throughput. This model gives a more accurate description, especially for cell‐edge users. It results in an accurate spatial channel correlation matrix calculation that enhances the channel estimation quality under pilot contamination. Simulation results indicate that the proposed Laplacian scattering‐spatially correlated Rayleigh fading model achieves better pilot contamination mitigation and larger spectral efficiency, as compared with both the one‐ring scattering‐spatially correlated Rayleigh fading and the uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel models for different combining and precoding schemes at different pilot reuse factors. The cost of interference rejection and spectral efficiency enhancement is an increase in the system computational complexity.
Long‐term shifts in the functional composition and diversity of a tropical dry forest: a 30‐yr study
Authors: Swenson Nathan G. , Hulshof Catherine M. , Katabuchi Masatoshi , Enquist Brian J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOver the past three decades, there has been a concerted effort to study the long‐term dynamics of tropical forests throughout the world. Data regarding temporal trends in species diversity, species composition, and species‐specific demographic rates have now been amassed. Such data can be utilized to test predictions regarding the roles the environment and demographic stochasticity play in driving forest dynamics. These analyses could be further refined by quantifying the temporal trends in the functional composition and diversity in tropical forests. For example, we have only a handful of studies that quantify directional shifts in the functional composition in tropical forests in response to global change drivers. The present study uses data from three censuses spanning 30 yr in a Neotropical dry forest dynamics plot to provide novel insights into how the functional diversity and composition of a tropical forest has changed through time. Specifically, here we aim to (1) quantify population dynamics and compare it to that expected from environmental or demographic variance; (2) quantify long‐term trends in species richness and functional diversity; (3) test whether there have been directional changes in the functional composition of the forest though time and the population changes that are responsible for these changes; and (4) place these long‐term results into the context of the successional and climatic history of the forest.
Adsorption and controlled release of three kinds of flavors on UiO‐66
Authors: Mao Deshou , Xie Congjia , Li Zhiyu , Hong Liu , Qu Rongfen , Gao You , He Jiao , Wang Jiaqiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDelivery systems for controlled release of fragrances are significantly essential in the flavor and fragrance industry due to a limited life span (premature evaporation and degradation) of fragrance compounds. Recently, several adsorption materials such as porous materials have been developed in delivery systems for targeted fragrance release. In this work, UiO‐66, a member of metal–organic framework (MOF) family with high porosity and greater adsorbability, was selected as a prospective alternative to traditional porous adsorbents for controlled release of fragrances. Isophorone, eugenol, and β‐ionone with strong aroma are widely used as perfume flavors, soap flavor, cosmetic flavors, and even as a food‐flavoring agents, and were chosen as representative fragrances for adsorption and controlled release studies. The adsorption and release behavior of fragrances on UiO‐66 was evaluated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The UiO‐66 with high surface area (1,076 m2/g) achieved effective storage and controlled release for isophorone, eugenol, and β‐ionone. The adsorption rates of isophorone, eugenol, and β‐ionone can reach 99.4%, 99.9%, and 60.2%, respectively. Additionally, the release of these fragrances from UiO‐66 can sustain over 20 days. UiO‐66 exhibited higher release rate over eugenol with desorption rates of 95.2% than that of β‐ionone (52.6%) and isophorone (49.6%), respectively, suggesting a good adsorption‐release selectivity of UiO‐66 to different fragrances. This study further confirms the usability of UiO‐66 in fragrance release and extends the application of MOF porosity in aroma release.
Brain responses to human‐voice processing predict child development and intelligence
Authors: An Kyung‐min , Hasegawa Chiaki , Hirosawa Tetsu , Tanaka Sanae , Saito Daisuke N. , Kumazaki Hirokazu , Yaoi Ken , Kikuchi Mitsuru , Yoshimura Yuko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChildren make rapid transitions in their neural and intellectual development. Compared to other brain regions, the auditory cortex slowly matures, and children show immature auditory brain activity. This auditory neural plasticity largely occurs as a response to human‐voice stimuli, which are presented more often than other stimuli, and can even be observed in the brainstem. Early psychologists have proposed that sensory processing and intelligence are closely related to each other. In the present study, we identified brain activity related to human‐voice processing and investigated a crucial neural correlate of child development and intelligence. We also examined the neurophysiological activity patterns during human‐voice processing in young children aged 3 to 8 years. We investigated auditory evoked fields (AEFs) and oscillatory changes using child‐customized magnetoencephalography within a short recording time (<6 min). We examined the P1m component of AEFs, which is a predominant component observed in young children. The amplitude of the left P1m was highly correlated with age, and the amplitude of the right P1m was highly correlated with the intelligence quotient. For auditory‐related oscillatory changes, we found a positive correlation between the intelligence quotient and percent change of gamma increase relative to baseline in the right auditory cortex. We replicated the finding of age‐related changes in auditory brain activity in young children, which is related to the slow maturation of the auditory cortex. In addition, these results suggest a close link between intelligence and auditory sensory processing, especially in the right hemisphere.
Submental island flap vs free tissue transfer in oral cavity reconstruction: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Shirley , Fan Caleb , Pecchia Brandon , Rosenberg Joshua D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe submental island flap (SMIF) is frequently utilized as an alternative to free tissue transfer (FTT) in oral cavity reconstruction.MethodsStudies directly comparing SMIF and FTT for oral cavity defects were included. Data were pooled with random‐effects meta‐analysis to calculate standardized mean differences and risk differences. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2 statistic.ResultsFive studies were included in the analysis. The aggregate sample sizes for SMIF and FTT cohorts were 122 and 127, respectively. SMIF was correlated with both reduced operative time and hospitalization by a large effect size. The rate of total flap loss was comparable. SMIF was associated with lower donor site morbidity. There was no difference in the rate of disease recurrence between the two procedures.ConclusionsSMIF is associated with less operative time, shorter hospitalization, fewer perioperative complications, and potentially similar disease recurrence rates compared to FTT for the reconstruction of oral cavity defects.
Transient free convective flow through a vertical cylinder filled with a porous material
Authors: Anurag  , Sarveshanand  , Singh Ashok K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article aims to explore the impressive impact of emerging parameters on transient fully evolved free convective flow inside a vertical cylinder containing a porous material. The mathematical formulation of the model related to the considered physical circumstance is presented under compatible boundary conditions. Closed‐form solutions are received for the velocity field, the temperature distribution, mass flux, skin friction, and the Nusselt number in terms of Bessel functions and modified Bessel functions of the first kind. Impressive effects of parameters such as the Darcy number , Prandtl number , viscosity ratio , and also time on both the velocity and temperature distribution have been explored employing graphs and tables. It is irradiated by analysis that flow erection, heat transfer rate, skin friction, and mass flux are admirably impacted by the Prandtl number, the Darcy number, viscosity ratio parameter, and time. It is found that both the velocity and temperature field profiles rise with the rising value of time and ultimately attain their steady state. Moreover, the Prandtl number and the viscosity ratio parameter reduce the velocity profiles, while the reverse phenomenon occurs with the Darcy number.
Experimental and modeling analysis of thermal characteristics in carbon fiber wires
Authors: Zhao Hai‐bo , Dai Jia‐ao , Wu Kun , Kong Fan‐he 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo understand the thermal characteristics of carbon fiber heating wires, we tested the heating rules of carbon fiber heating wires with inner core tows of 12k and 24k and different lengths. We found that the surface temperature of the carbon fiber heating wires rose and fell quickly when the power supply was turned on and off by 82.9 and 18.3°C/min, respectively. After the quick rise period, the surface temperature tended to be steady with ±2°C of fluctuation; the steady temperature decreased as the length increased. With an increase in the length from 7 to 12 m, the steady temperature of the 12k and 24k wires reduced from 122°C and 166°C to 53°C and 71°C, respectively. Using the COMSOL Multiphysics software to simulate the carbon fiber heating wires, the simulated surface temperatures were in good agreement with the experimental results, with errors less than 7%. The convective and radiative heat transfer of the simulated carbon fiber electric heating wire decreased with an increase in length and the number of tows, and the convective heat transfer was much higher than the radiative heat transfer to indicate that the convective heat transfer is the main heat transfer mode in the heat dissipation of the carbon fiber electric heating wire. Results indicate that there is a rapid increase in temperature when power is on, and thereafter temperature remains constant. These are the important characteristics of carbon fiber heating wires.