bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Plastische Chirurgie im 2. Staatsexamen
Authors: Arsalan-Werner Annika , Sterz Jasmina , Stefanescu Maria-Christina , Sauerbier Michael , Rüsseler Miriam 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der nationale kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalog Chirurgie (NKLC) beinhaltet 230 Lernziele mit verschiedenen zugeordneten Kompetenzebenen, die am Ende des Medizinstudiums unabhängig vom späteren Berufswunsch erreicht sein müssen. Das Lernverhalten der Studenten orientiert sich an den Prüfungsinhalten von summativen Prüfungen („Assessment drives learning“), weshalb eine Ausrichtung des 2. schriftlichen Staatsexamens an definierten Lernzielen sinnvoll scheint. Diese Studie analysiert den Anteil an plastisch-chirurgischen Lernzielen im NKLC und stellt die Ergebnisse den Prüfungsfragen im 2. Staatsexamen gegenüber.
Material und Methoden Die Examensfragen von Herbst 2009 bis Herbst 2014 (Anzahl der Examina = 11) wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Separat davon analysierten 5 Fachärzte für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie die plastisch-chirurgischen Lernziele des NKLC. Anschließend wurden in den untersuchten Staatsexamina die Fragen untersucht, die sich auf diese plastisch-chirurgischen Lernziele bezogen. Die Analyse umfasste die Gesamtzahl der Fragen, die Anzahl der Fragen pro Examen sowie pro Lernziel und Kompetenzebene.
Ergebnisse Dem Fach Plastische Chirurgie wurden 34 Lernziele des NKLC (14,8 % aller Lernziele des NKLC) zugeordnet. Eins dieser Lernziele („Verbrühung und Verbrennung“) wird ausschließlich von der Plastischen Chirurgie abgedeckt. 96 Fragen (2,8 % aller 3480 gestellten Fragen) adressierten diese 34 Lernziele. Pro Examen wurden durchschnittlich 8,7 ± 4,0 Fragen (Min. 4; Max. 15) mit Bezug zur Plastischen Chirurgie gestellt. Die meisten Fragen bezogen sich auf das Lernziel „Fehlbildungen und angeborene Entwicklungsstörungen von Skelett- und Bindegewebe“ mit 16 Fragen insgesamt. Im Studienzeitraum wurden insgesamt 6 Lernziele mit Bezug zur Plastischen Chirurgie gar nicht geprüft (2,6 % aller Lernziele des NKLC).
Schlussfolgerung Lerninhalte, die die Plastische Chirurgie betreffen, werden wenig geprüft und es kann daher davon ausgegangen werden, dass diese auch von den Studierenden unzureichend erlernt werden. Damit ist das Fach in der 2. Schriftlichen Staatsexamensprüfung unterrepräsentiert und es erscheint eine vermehrte Prüfung der plastisch-chirurgischen Lernziele nötig.
A Novel Partogram for Stages 1 and 2 of Labor Based on Fetal Head Station Measured by Ultrasound: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Haberman Shoshana , Atallah Fouad , Nizard Jacky , Buhule Olive , Albert Paul , Gonen Ron , Ville Yves , Paltieli Yoav 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to describe continuous labor curves, including second stage, based on fetal head station.
Study Design We performed a prospective multicenter cohort study. The inclusion criteria were women with singleton uncomplicated cephalic term pregnancies in labor, who delivered vaginally. We used a device that combines ultrasound imaging with position-tracking technology to monitor the head station noninvasively throughout labor. We collected data on demographics, labor parameters, and delivery and neonatal outcomes.
Results A total of 613 women delivered vaginally, 327 (53.3%) were nulliparous, while 286 (46.7%) were multiparous. Time to delivery (TTD) diminished progressively with descent of the fetal head. When the head is engaged, the labor curve of multiparous women demonstrated a more prominent downward shift in curve as compared with nulliparous women. When comparing multipara and nullipara at engagement level, the median TTD was 1 and 1.62 hours, respectively. In 95% of women with unengaged head during the second stage, TTD of nulliparous and multiparous women were less than 3.8 and 3 hours, respectively.
Conclusion While current labor curves end at full dilatation, the described curves were developed throughout stages 1 and 2 of labor. The TTD, according to the station curves, shows an acceleration of labor, once passed the engagement level, especially in multiparous women.
An Anatomical Study of Primary Pattern of Arteries of Upper Limb With Relevance to Their Variations
Authors: Bidarkotimath Suresh , Avadhani Ramakrishna , Kumar Arunachalam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA detailed description of the vascular pattern of upper limbs especially their variations in their origin, course and branching pattern is of utmost importance anatomically in general and clinically in particular. These variations have drawn attention of surgeons, physicians, radiologist and interventionists due to the advanced surgical procedures practicd in vascular surgeries, plastic (reconstructive) surgeries and also for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. 50 cadavers (100 upper limbs) were used for the study, which were dissected as the part of routine dissection for teaching undergraduate students at our institution. Length of the normal and variant arteries with mean, standard deviation, 'p' and 't' values are noted in each of the limbs. The following variations are observed - i) high division of brachial artery ii) higher origin of profunda brachii artery, iii) high origin of radial artery, iv) absence of common interosseous artery. The variations are of particular importance to the surgeons operating in the area, especially for those involved in vascular reconstructive surgeries. So it is prudent to do pre-operative studies of the brachial and antebrachial arteries and their branching patterns, to prevent possible complications post operatively.
Inter-Rater Reliabilty of Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) as a Multidimensional Behavioral Pain Tool
Authors: G. Malarvizhi , Vatsa Manju , M. Roseline , S. Nithin , Paul Sarah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEvaluation of pain in human neonate is complex and difficult because pain is a subjective phenomenon. Neonates cannot verbalize pain rather they express through cry and body movements. However measurement of pain provides a value of pain. There is no gold standard in pain assessment tool. JCAHO recommends selection of a valid and reliable and also age appropriate pain assessment tool.To determine the interobserver reliabity and clinical utility of NIPS scale To analyze the inter-rater reliability, reproducibility of NIPS scale between three observers prospective observation study was designed to establish reliability and validity of NIPS among 27 neonates who underwent venipuncture, Hepatitis vaccination (intramuscular) and heel prick at a tertiary care level III NICU. The baseline data and behavioral responses to procedural pain were rated by three observers trained in NIPS scale.At the end of 100 observation across the various time intervals and three phases, inter-rater reliability of NIPS scale among the three observers were. 82,.81,.75. Acceptable psychometric properties are reported for the tool which includes cronbach's alpha levels of. 9,.85,.9 between the observers. CNIPS was found to be highly reliable and valid multidimensional scale and practical and has good clinical utility.
The FAFA Trial: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial on the Effect of a Fan Blowing Air on the Face to Relieve Dyspnea in Filipino Patients with Terminal Cancer
Authors: Ting Frederic Ivan , Estreller Sachiko , Strebel Heinrik Martin Jude 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction Fan therapy has been suggested by some studies as one of the nonpharmacological supportive interventions to alleviate breathlessness for dyspneic patients with terminal cancer. Unfortunately, data among Asians are limited and there are currently no published data showing that this intervention works among Filipinos—thus this study.
Study Design This study was an open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover Phase 2 trial. The experimental group had a fan blowing air directly to the patient’s face for 5 minutes, and the control group had a fan blowing air to the patient’s legs. Treatment crossover was done after a washout period of 1 hour. The primary outcome, which is dyspnea, was measured subjectively using the Modified Borg Scale (MBS). Differences in the patient’s respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation were also measured.
Results A total of 48 patients were enrolled in this trial. The mean age of the patients enrolled was 51 years, and the most common primary tumor was lung cancer (21%). In the control group, results showed that the mean difference before and after intervention in the MBS was 0.15, and the mean difference in RR was 0.25. On the other hand, the intervention group showed a statistically significant decrease in the patient’s dyspnea as evidenced by a mean MBS decrease of 2.79 (p < 0.0001), and a mean RR decrease of 1.88 (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion The results of this study reveal that fan on face (FAFA) therapy in terminally ill Filipino cancer patients in addition to the prescribed standard of care can significantly alleviate their level of dyspnea. Thus, FAFA therapy should be considered as an adjunct to standard of care for these patients.
Assessing the role of live poultry trade in community-structured transmission of avian influenza in China
Authors: Yang Qiqi , Zhao Xiang , Lemey Philippe , Suchard Marc A. , Bi Yuhai , Shi Weifeng , Liu Di , Qi Wenbao , Zhang Guogang , Stenseth Nils Chr. , Pybus Oliver G. , Tian Huaiyu 
Published: March 2020

Significance
The emergence and transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose a threat to public health and result in enormous economic losses. Here we discover an association between the community structure of the poultry trade network and AIV transmission in China by combining virus genomes and statistical modeling of the poultry trade. Importantly, we are able to “replicate” this finding by comparing the dynamics of three strains of AIV (H5N1, H7N9, and H5N6) that currently cocirculate in poultry in China. Given the detection of a continuous process of AIV geographic spread among poultry, our results indicate that at the national scale there are repeatable and potentially predictable patterns that can be used to shape future strategies for AIV control and prevention.
A hepatocyte differentiation model reveals two subtypes of liver cancer with different oncofetal properties and therapeutic targets
Authors: Liu Ming , Yan Qian , Sun Yi , Nam Yoonhee , Hu Liang , Loong Jane HC , Ouyang Qi , Zhang Yu , Li Hao-Long , Kong Fan-En , Li Lei , Li Yan , Li Mei-Mei , Cheng Wei , Jiang Ling-Xi , Fang Shuo , Yang Xiao-Dong , Mo Jia-Qiang , Gong Yuan-Feng , Tang Yun-Qiang , Li Yan , Yuan Yun-Fei , Ma Ning-Fang , Lin Ge , Ma Stephanie , Wang Ji-Guang , Guan Xin-Yuan 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Developmental signaling pathways play important roles in cancer initiation and therapeutic resistance. Poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) usually show phenotypic resemblance to their ancestral precursor cells and are associated with poor clinical outcome. In a recent study, a dynamic oncofetal-like gene expression signature during liver development was identified from an in vitro hepatocyte differentiation model. Two subtypes of liver cancer with different oncofetal properties and upstream oncogenic drivers were found in clinical patients with poor prognosis. Clinically available small-molecule inhibitors HLM6474 and SIS3 specifically targeting the oncofetal drivers extensively down-regulated subtype-specific developmental signaling and significantly inhibited tumorigenicity. Further treatment of HCC patients with specified small-molecular inhibitors according to subtype-specific biomarkers might accurately block the tumor-initiating steps and eliminate tumor progression.
Composition-based prediction and rational manipulation of prion-like domain recruitment to stress granules
Authors: Boncella Amy E. , Shattuck Jenifer E. , Cascarina Sean M. , Paul Kacy R. , Baer Matthew H. , Fomicheva Anastasia , Lamb Andrew K. , Ross Eric D. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Many RNA-binding proteins contain aggregation-prone prion-like domains (PrLDs), and mutations in several of these have been linked to degenerative diseases. Additionally, many of these proteins are associated with stress granules, which are membraneless organelles that form under stress, in part through reversible protein assembly. Although the mechanisms of stress granule assembly are unclear, PrLDs can play a role in this process. In order to further understand how PrLDs respond to stress, we analyzed the assembly propensities of a selection of different PrLDs from yeast. We find that many PrLDs are efficiently recruited to stress-induced assemblies and that this recruitment is predominantly dependent on the amino acid composition of the PrLDs.
Nf1deletion results in depletion of theLhx6transcription factor and a specific loss of parvalbumin+cortical interneurons
Authors: Angara Kartik , Pai Emily Ling-Lin , Bilinovich Stephanie M. , Stafford April M. , Nguyen Julie T. , Li Katie X. , Paul Anirban , Rubenstein John L. , Vogt Daniel 
Published: March 2020

SignificanceNF1 is a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in theNF1gene. While it affects multiple organs and tissues, how brain symptoms arise has been complicated to uncover. Since brain glial and inhibitory neuron cells have been implicated in NF1, we conditionally deleted the mouseNf1gene in progenitors that give rise to both of these cell types. We found that glial cells were impacted when both copies ofNf1were deleted, while properties of a specific group of inhibitory neurons were altered when either one or both copies ofNf1were deleted. These data demonstrate phenotypes that may contribute to NF1 and uncover roles for theNf1gene in brain development.
Early globalized industrial chain revealed by residual submicron pigment particles in Chinese imperial blue-and-white porcelains
Authors: Jiang Xiaochenyang , Weng Yanjun , Wu Xiaohong , Cui Jianfeng , Lyu Hongshu , Jiang Jianxin , Song Guodong , Jin Hetian , Qin Dashu , Wang Changsui 
Published: March 2020

SignificanceOur knowledge of the pigment provenance of blue-and-white porcelain is based primarily on the Fe/Mn criteria, which contradicts the archaeological concept (including typological evidence like blue hue, bleeding effect, iron spots) and historical records. Here we propose a reliable method for tracing cobalt sources through the microstructural analysis of submicron residual pigment particles to avoid influence from elemental fractionation. An application of the method to the Xuande imperial productions demonstrates that an intentional approach of mixing imported and domestic cobalt ores was adopted, which could rationalize all of the apparent contradictions between compositional data and conventional authentication. Our findings further suggest that the overseas pigments continued to play an irreplaceable role from 15th century onward as the globalized trading network began to break free of regional political affairs.
Cell-penetrating peptide inhibits retromer-mediated human papillomavirus trafficking during virus entry
Authors: Zhang Pengwei , Moreno Ruben , Lambert Paul F. , DiMaio Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for 5% of cancers, but no specific antiviral agents inhibit HPV infection. Based on our mechanistic understanding of HPV entry into cells, we designed a strategy to inhibit HPV infection. We demonstrate that short synthetic peptides derived from an HPV capsid protein enter cells, interfere with a protein interaction essential for intracellular virus trafficking, and prevent HPV from entering its proper intracellular transport pathway, thereby inhibiting infection in cultured cells and in mice. Thus, we have repurposed viral protein segments that normally mediate infection into a rationally designed agent that inhibits infection. The use of cell-penetrating peptides to disrupt essential intracellular protein-protein interactions may be broadly applicable in virology and in other situations.
Words from where?
Authors: Busby Nicole Louise 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigated variation in receptive L2 English vocabulary among Norwegian university students in relation to their field of study and exposure to English, both within and outside of formal education. A survey comprising the Vocabulary Levels Test (Schmitt, Schmitt, & Clapham, 2001) and questions about sources of language acquisition was completed by 189 Norwegian university students. The results indicate that vocabulary knowledge varied between students whose courses required different amounts of English reading. Extramural exposure to English was found to be a stronger predictor of vocabulary scores than formal English education. Since vocabulary knowledge is an important predictor of reading comprehension, it is important to consider how much the observed variation in vocabulary knowledge might affect academic outcomes.
Ca2+ mediates extracellular vesicle biogenesis through alternate pathways in malignancy
Authors: Taylor Jack , Azimi Iman , Monteith Gregory , Bebawy Mary 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles that serve as important intercellular signalling intermediaries in both malignant and non‐malignant cells. For EVs formed by the plasma membrane, their biogenesis is characterized by an increase in intracellular calcium followed by successive membrane and cytoskeletal changes. EV‐production is significantly higher in malignant cells relative to non‐malignant cells and previous work suggests this is dependent on increased calcium mobilization and activity of calpain. However, calcium‐signalling pathways involved in malignant and non‐malignant EV biogenesis remain unexplored. Here we demonstrate; malignant cells have high basal production of plasma membrane EVs compared to non‐malignant cells and this is driven by a calcium–calpain dependent pathway. Resting vesiculation in malignant cells occurs via mobilization of calcium from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores rather than from the activity of plasma membrane calcium channels. In the event of ER store depletion however, the store‐operated calcium entry (SOCE) pathway is activated to restore ER calcium stores. Depleting both ER calcium stores and blocking SOCE, inhibits EV biogenesis. In contrast, calcium signalling pathways are not activated in resting non‐malignant cells. Consequently, these cells are relatively low vesiculators in the resting state. Following cellular activation however, an increase in cytosolic calcium and activation of calpain increase in EV biogenesis. These findings contribute to furthering our understanding of extracellular vesicle biogenesis. As EVs are key mediators in the intercellular transfer of deleterious cancer traits such as cancer multidrug resistance (MDR), understanding the molecular mechanisms governing their biogenesis in cancer is the crucial first step in finding novel therapeutic targets that circumvent EV‐mediated MDR.
Comparison of different sloshing speedmeters
Authors: Huttner S H , Danilishin S L , Hild S , Strain K A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
By numerical simulation, we compare the performance of four speedmeter interferometer configurations with potential application in future gravitational wave detectors. In the absence of optical loss, all four configurations can be adjusted to yield the same sensitivity in a fair comparison. Once we introduce a degree of practicality in the form of lossy optics and mode mismatch, however, the situation changes: the sloshing Sagnac and the speedmeter of Purdue and Chen have almost identical performance showing smaller degradation from the ideal than the speedmeter of Freise and the speedmeter of Miao. In a further step, we show that there is a similar hierarchy in the degree of improvement obtained through the application of 10  dB squeezing to the lossy speedmeters. In this case, the sensitivity of each speedmeter improves, but it is greatest for the sloshing Sagnac and the speedmeter of Purdue and Chen, in particular in the lower part of the target frequency range.
Noise model considering electrical feed-through under force rebalance closed-loop detection of MEMS gyroscope
Authors: Bu Feng , Wang Xi , Fan Bo , Guo Shuwen , Xu Dacheng , Xu Xiang , Zhao Heming 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study analyses the transfer path of electrical feed-through noise in the electromechanical amplitude modulation detection circuit of a micro-electro-mechanical system vibrating gyroscope. By considering the feed-through, circuit and mechanical thermal noises, a new noise model in the force-to-rebalance closed-loop detection is constructed, and the expression of the noise-equivalent rotation rate spectrum is given. In addition, the influences of factors such as circuit gain, feedback coefficient and frequency split on the contribution of noise are analysed. The analysis shows that the back-end injection noise is the main factor affecting angle random walk (ARW) for high Q-value gyroscopes. Through actual measurements, it was found that the feed-through noise at the carrier frequency of the feedback circuit was the main source of the back-end noise. After noise optimization, the ARW of the detection output decreased from 0.148

°

​
​
/

hr

to 0.017

°

​
​
/

hr

, which was an improvement of about 8.7 times.
Biophysical characterisation of DNA origami nanostructures reveals inaccessibility to intercalation binding sites
Authors: Miller Helen L , Contera Sonia , Wollman Adam J M , Hirst Adam , Dunn Katherine E , Schröter Sandra , O’Connell Deborah , Leake Mark C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Intercalation of drug molecules into synthetic DNA nanostructures formed through self-assembled origami has been postulated as a valuable future method for targeted drug delivery. This is due to the excellent biocompatibility of synthetic DNA nanostructures, and high potential for flexible programmability including facile drug release into or near to target cells. Such favourable properties may enable high initial loading and efficient release for a predictable number of drug molecules per nanostructure carrier, important for efficient delivery of safe and effective drug doses to minimise non-specific release away from target cells. However, basic questions remain as to how intercalation-mediated loading depends on the DNA carrier structure. Here we use the interaction of dyes YOYO-1 and acridine orange with a tightly-packed 2D DNA origami tile as a simple model system to investigate intercalation-mediated loading. We employed multiple biophysical techniques including single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, gel electrophoresis and controllable damage using low temperature plasma on synthetic DNA origami samples. Our results indicate that not all potential DNA binding sites are accessible for dye intercalation, which has implications for future DNA nanostructures designed for targeted drug delivery.