bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Citicoline in Combined Treatment in Dementia: What did the Citimem Study Teach us?
Authors: Gareri Pietro , Cotroneo Antonino Maria , Orsitto Giuseppe , Putignano Salvatore 
Published: November 2020

Background::
Citicoline is a drug used both in degenerative and in vascular cognitive decline;
memantine is a drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Our hypothesis is that their combined use could have enhanced action in patients having AD and
mixed dementia (MD). We report the main tips from a recent study on the use of these drugs, the
CITIMEM study.

Methods::
The study was retrospective and was performed on 126 patients aged 65 years old or older affected with AD or
MD (mean age 80.7 ± 5.2 years old) who had been visited between 2015 and 2017 in four different centers for dementia
all over Italy. Neuropsychological and functional tests were administered at baseline (T0), after 6 (T1), and 12 months
(T2). The effects of combined treatment versus memantine alone on cognitive functions assessed by Mini Mental State
Examination (MMSE) and the possible onset of side effects or adverse events, as well as the influence on daily life
functions and behavioral symptoms were investigated.

Results::
Patients undergoing combined treatment showed a significant increase in MMSE vs memantine alone, both at T1
(p=0.003) and T2 (p =0.000).

Conclusions::
The CITIMEM study confirms our hypothesis that combined administration of memantine plus citicoline is
safe and more effective than memantine alone on cognition in patients suffering from AD or MD.
Curbing the Deregulation of Glycosylation in Tongue Carcinoma Cells with Natural Compounds
Authors: Mehta Kruti A. , Patel Kinjal A. , Kunnumakkara Ajai B. , Patel Prabhudas S. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Aberrant glycosylation has been recently considered as a major hallmark of cancer.
Furthermore, we have reported that aberrant glycosylation, mainly sialylation and fucosylation, plays a major
role in oral cancer progression and metastasis.

Objective:
In the present study, we evaluated the role of tobacco compounds (4-NQO, NNK, Benzopyrene),
natural compounds (Curcumin, Butein and Piceatannol) and commonly used chemotherapeutic compound
(Cisplatin) on sialylation and fucosylation transcript levels in the tongue cancer cell line (SAS).

Methods:
The SAS cells were treated with the tobacco compounds, natural compounds and Cisplatin after
obtaining their IC50 values using MTT assay. After 24 hr treatment of the compounds, RNA was isolated from the
cells and converted to cDNA. RT-qPCR was performed for mRNA expression of glycosylation transcripts.

Results:
The treatment of tobacco compounds on the SAS cells resulted in increased mRNA levels of ST3GAL1,
NEU3, FUT5 and FUT6 in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment of Curcumin and Butein resulted in lower
mRNA levels of FUT8, whereas dose-dependent higher mRNA levels of FUT3 were also observed after the
treatment of Curcumin. SAS cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in ST3GAL2, FUT5 and FUT8 mRNA
after Piceatannol treatment. Furthermore, Cisplatin treatment on the SAS cells resulted in increased mRNA levels
of FUT3 as the concentration increased from 100 μM to 200 μM. While, treatment of Cisplatin resulted in
decreased mRNA levels of ST3GAL2, ST3GAL3, FUT5 and FUT8 in a dose-dependent manner. All together,
the data revealed Piceatannol as a potent synergistic for Cisplatin to target the altered glycosylation for better
treatment management of tongue carcinoma.

Conclusion::
The study provides a normal approach of targeting aberrant glycosylation with natural compounds,
which may open the possibility of newer therapeutic strategies using natural compounds alone or in combination
with other conventional therapies.
Contribution of Rs780094 and Rs1260326 Polymorphisms in GCKR Gene to Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis Involving 26,552 Participants
Authors: Li Jiaying , Zhao Yuening , Zhang Hongxiang , Hua Wenxi , Jiao Wenzhi , Du Xuan , Rui Jingwen , Li Si , Teng Haiying , Shi Bimin , Yang Xiaoqin , Zhu Liyan 
Published: November 2020

Background::
Many published studies attempted to elucidate the implication of glucokinase
regulator gene (GCKR) polymorphisms in the susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD), but the results among them were still controversial.

Objective::
This meta-analysis aims to precisely assess the relationship between the GCKR polymorphisms and the risk of
NAFLD.

Methods::
Systematic computerized searches in six databases were performed and updated on April 6,
2020. Meta-analyses were conducted by calling the R programs based on accumulated epidemiological
data. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval (CI) were calculated to summarize the effect estimates.

Results::
In total, 25 studies including 6,598 cases and 19,954 controls were included. The pooled estimates
indicated that the T allele carrier of the GCKR rs780094 polymorphism has predisposition to
NAFLD (allele model: OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.11~1.29; homozygote model: OR: 1.38, 95% CI:
1.15~1.67; heterozygote model: OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12~1.39; dominant model: OR: 1.29, 95% CI:
1.13~1.47; recessive model: OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.06~1.31), and the same as the rs1260326 polymorphism
(allele model: OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.22~1.42; homozygote model: OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.40~1.94;
heterozygote model: OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07~1.43; dominant model: OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.21~1.59;
recessive model: OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28~1.62). Further stratified analyses according to age and ethnicity
confirmed the statistical existence in most subgroups.

Conclusion::
This meta-analysis suggested that both of the GCKR rs780094 and rs1260326 polymorphisms
are significantly associated with the increased risk of NAFLD.
Anti-diabetic Effect of Acridocarpus Orientalis
Authors: Lotfy Mohamed , Ksiksi Taoufik S. , Palakkot Abdul Rasheed , D’Souza Crystal M. , Mohsin Sahar , Adeghate Ernest A. 
Published: November 2020

Background:

Acridocarpus orientalis (AO) is a medicinal herb indigenous to tropical and subtropical Africa, Arabian Peninsula, and New Caledonia with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Objective:
To determine whether AO has any beneficial effects on diabetes-induced metabolic parameters in rats.

Materials and Methods:
Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were treated with three doses of AO extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW) for 30 days. Kidney, liver, and pancreatic tissue samples were processed for histopathology to determine the effect of AO on the cells of these organs. The effect of AO on pancreatic islet cells and serum insulin levels was also examined using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, respectively.

Results:
AO (100 mg/kg BW) caused a marked reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats compared to diabetic control on day 10 of the study. Moreover, AO (200 mg/kg BW) increased the number of insulin-positive cells with a concomitant reduction in the number of glucagon-immunoreactive cells in pancreatic islets. AO (100 mg/kg) also increased the serum level of superoxide dismutase significantly. Although the administration of AO was able to significantly decrease the diabetes-associated increases in serum creatinine and bilirubin levels, it had no effect on blood urea nitrogen, serum aspartate, or alanine aminotransferase levels. Histopathological examination showed that AO has no toxic effect on the structure of the pancreas, liver, and kidney.

Conclusion:
Our findings showed that AO could alleviate some complications of diabetes mellitus.
Pain Management Interventions for Drug-addicted Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Units: An Integrative Review
Authors: Simbeye Joel , Navab Elham , Bahramnezhad Fatemeh 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Pain management interventions among critically ill drug-addicted patients admitted to ICUs are still the major challenge faced by healthcare practitioners.

Objective:
Therefore, this study aimed to identify and appraise the pain management approaches of patients with drug addiction (substance use disorder) admitted in ICUs.

Methods:
An integrative review of the literature was performed; narrative data synthesis was used for data extraction. The search was performed using scientific databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid Medline and EMBASE from January 2000 to September 2019. All studies that assessed pain management interventions for drug-addicted patients (substance use disorder) admitted in ICUs were included in the review.

Results:
Initially, four studies were included in this review. All these studies were Randomized Controlled Trials. The settings were intensive care units in the United States and Iran. The evidence identified from all studies included administration of intravenous paracetamol and midazolam, implementation of Buprenorphine-Naloxone therapy, adjuvant therapy and proper utilization of nursing sedation and pain management interventions for addicted patients admitted in ICUs.

Conclusion:
Management of pain in drug-addicted patients admitted in ICUs is relevant to healthcare practitioners, especially critical care nurses, as these patients’ subpopulation is at risk of underestimation of pain levels and not getting appropriate treatment.
Oral Controlled Delivery of Natural Compounds Using Food-Grade Polymer Microparticles
Authors: Curcio Claudia , Bonaccorso Angela , Musumeci Teresa , Pignatello Rosario 
Published: November 2020

Background::
targeted drug delivery to colon is a strategical approach for the local cure of inflammation bowel diseases (IBD) and other syndromes like colon cancer. Research is actively focusing on possible alternative and safer therapies to conventional drugs, based on herbal remedies and other natural products. In particular, colon-targeted drug delivery systems (CDDS) offer the opportunity to protect the active compound along the way to the colon. Drug release and absorption, and even degradation should not occur in the stomach and small bowel, but a selective release should star once the system moves to the colonic area.

Objective::
this work aims at evaluating the gastro-resistant properties of new food-grade methacrylic resins (Eudraguard®), used not as coating materials, but after the formation of microparticles, to achieve a delayed and targeted release of a model drug, resveratrol (RVT), to the ileo-colonic area.

Methods::
microparticles were produced by an emulsion-solvent evaporation technique (ESE) and characterized by solid-state analytical methods. RVT release profiles were assessed in vitro using a pH-change procedure, able to simulate the transit of the carrier along the gastro-intestinal tract.

Results::
Eudraguard® Biotic can form microparticles with a very high encapsulation efficiency for RVT; the polymeric matrix is able to limit the diffusion of the drug at gastric and gut pH conditions, while a higher release was achieved at pH 7.4. Conversely, using the Eudraguard® Control resin, alone or blended with the former polymer, did not allow to achieve a controlled release of RVT at the various pH values.

Conclusion::
food-grade Eudraguard® matrices can be proposed, and would deserve further investigations, as polymeric materials for the preparation of micrometric matrices or pellets for the oral controlled release of natural active ingredients to the ileo-colonic area.
Psychiatric Manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in Adolescents: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shirk Daisy Vyas , Williams Sarah D. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) comprise a group of heterogeneous hereditary
connective tissue disorders [1, 2]. Psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, panic
disorder, agoraphobia, schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental disorders, personality disorder, eating
disorders, substance misuse and interpersonal issues have been reported in the literature to be associated
with EDS [1-3].

Objectives:
The case of a 15-year old male who was hospitalized after a suicide attempt by gunshot,
who was discovered to have symptoms suggestive of EDS, is presented in this paper along with the
results of a literature search of psychiatric manifestations of EDS in children and adolescents.

Methods:
Literature review was conducted on the UpToDate website on March 11, 2020 to review
symptoms of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome for the purpose of preliminary diagnosis of this patient. Additional
literature search was conducted on PubMed on 4/2/20 at 12:10 P.M. and on 4/9/20 at 10:51
P.M. and on the search engine Google on 4/2/20 at 12:25 P.M. On May 11, 2020 at 2 P.M., another
web search was conducted with a review of 6 different websites pertaining to Ehlers-Danlos
Syndrome.

Results:
A systematic review of psychiatric manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes revealed a
strong incidence of psychiatric symptoms.

Conclusion:
Our patient’s psychiatric symptoms of depression, suicidal ideations, anxiety and social
and educational struggles may have been at least partially due to chronic pain- abdominal,
headache and musculoskeletal, and social ostracization associated with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.
Education regarding this illness helped our patient’s recovery as he came to understand why he was
so “odd” and the cause of his multisystemic chronic pain.
Testing the Efficacy of a Multicomponent, Self-Guided, Smartphone-Based Meditation App: Three-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Goldberg Simon B , Imhoff-Smith Theodore , Bolt Daniel M , Wilson-Mendenhall Christine D , Dahl Cortland J , Davidson Richard J , Rosenkranz Melissa A 
Published: November 2020

Background
A growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest psychological benefits associated with meditation training delivered via mobile health. However, research in this area has primarily focused on mindfulness, only one of many meditative techniques.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 2 versions of a self-guided, smartphone-based meditation app—the Healthy Minds Program (HMP)—which includes training in mindfulness (Awareness), along with practices designed to cultivate positive relationships (Connection) or insight into the nature of the self (Insight).

Methods
A three-arm, fully remote RCT compared 8 weeks of one of 2 HMP conditions (Awareness+Connection and Awareness+Insight) with a waitlist control. Adults (≥18 years) without extensive previous meditation experience were eligible. The primary outcome was psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress). Secondary outcomes were social connection, empathy, compassion, self-reflection, insight, rumination, defusion, and mindfulness. Measures were completed at pretest, midtreatment, and posttest between October 2019 and April 2020. Longitudinal data were analyzed using intention-to-treat principles with maximum likelihood.

Results
A total of 343 participants were randomized and 186 (54.2%) completed at least one posttest assessment. The majority (166/228, 72.8%) of those assigned to HMP conditions downloaded the app. The 2 HMP conditions did not differ from one another in terms of changes in any outcome. Relative to the waitlist control, the HMP conditions showed larger improvements in distress, social connectedness, mindfulness, and measures theoretically linked to insight training (d=–0.28 to 0.41; Ps≤.02), despite modest exposure to connection- and insight-related practice. The results were robust to some assumptions about nonrandom patterns of missing data. Improvements in distress were associated with days of use. Candidate mediators (social connection, insight, rumination, defusion, and mindfulness) and moderators (baseline rumination, defusion, and empathy) of changes in distress were identified.

Conclusions
This study provides initial evidence of efficacy for the HMP app in reducing distress and improving outcomes related to well-being, including social connectedness. Future studies should attempt to increase study retention and user engagement.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04139005; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04139005
THE ‘AMERICAN’ HEGEMONIC CULTURE: ITS ROOTS, FEATURES AND IMPLICATIONS TO WORLD CULTURE
Authors: Kasiyarno Kasiyarno 
Published: November 2020

That America is historically a nation which developed a hegemonic culture around the world has been an unquestionable issue for many Americanists. In that kind of culture, it insisted that the world had no alternative but acceptance of American ideas, values and way of life. This is what we call as Americanization which drives a cultural imperialism through eagerly practicing the hegemonic culture primarily when the country rose as the single world hegemon. It is really factual that American hegemonic culture is the cultural heritage from British Empire, which had already got a strong influence from Roman Empire. Because of the strong myth as the chosen people, the United States is clearly identified as a strong expansionist which always tries to control others and acts unilateraly. Through this way, the United States promotes itself as the most influential country and its culture as the most widely imitated around the world.Keywords: Hegemonic Culture, Americanization, Expansionist, the Most Influential
The Regaining Territory of the Ojibwa Tribe in Louise Erdrich’s The Birchbark House Book Series
Authors: Nuristama Ramadhina Ulfa 
Published: November 2020

Native American people have been experienced in confronting the white people. One of their experiences in confronting the white people is written in the Louise Erdrich’s literary works, an Ojibwa author. Native American authors have different point of view in telling about Native Americans because they and their ancestors have bitter experiences in dealing with the white people, especially the Ojibwa tribe’s experiences living in the America where other Native American tribes cannot survive their tribes. This research focuses on the struggles of the Ojibwa people in getting their territory and the reasons why the Ojibwa people try so hard in keeping their territory. This research uses historical approach in its analysis. The method used is qualitative method related to literature study by using the five books of The Birchbark House book series as the primary data of this research. There are several conclusions based on the analysis of the data. The Ojibwa people are able to maintain their tribal presence in America against the white people. They can defend their tribe by using their intelligence, courage, and self-confidence. As for the reasons they prefer to choose their own way in getting territory because of several factors such as beliefs, relatives, and natural conditions of the land. Keywords: Historical Approach, Indian Territory, Native American, Ojibwa.
Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Management of Chronic Endometritis Treatment in Women with Reproductive Health Disorders
Authors: Sklyarova V. O , Shatylovich K. L. , Filipyuk A. L. , Sklyarov P. O. , Chajkivskyj R. A. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Chronic endometritis (CE) is one of aggressive factor of infertility and reproductive losses.
Objective: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment of chronic endometritis (CE) treatment in women with infertility (PI) and recurrent pregnancy losses (RPL).
Material and methods: In this non-randomized clinical trial, women aged 22-45 years with CE diagnosed by positive CD 138 between February 2017 and December 2019 were included. Were investigated 65 women - 30 patients with RPL and 35 women with PI and unsuccessful attempts at IVF. PRP therapy was performed paracervical ( 6 ml) and intrauterus ( 1,5 ml) once a week for 4 -8 weeks. Control of the treatment of CE was performed by endometrial biopsy pipelines 15-20 days after the last PRP.
Results: After carrying out 4 procedures of combined paracervical and intrauterine PRP, CE was cured in 70-77% of women (p <0.05); after 8 procedures - 97% (p <0.01).
Conclusions: Combined intrauterine and paracervical PRP therapy is an effective treatment for CE in women with PI and RPL.
Teorías geográficas, técnicas cartográficas y diplomacia: Hans Steffen, un geógrafo prusiano en los Andes Australes
Authors: Lois Carla 
Published: November 2020

Hans Steffen, un destacado geógrafo prusiano (1865-1936) fue contratado por el Gobierno de Chile en 1889 como profesor de geografía para trabajar en el por entonces recientemente formado Instituto Pedagógico. A finales del siglo XIX, cuando Steffen ya había consolidado su posición profesional en Santiago, Chile y Argentina decidieron someter el litigio limítrofe sobre los Andes a un arbitraje internacional. En ese contexto, Steffen se involucró activamente en la preparación del documento que el gobierno chileno llevaría al diferendum. Esta presentación analiza las ideas, las teorías y las prácticas geográficas desarrolladas por Steffen para la conceptualización y la demarcación de la frontera entre Argentina y Chile a partir de los textos que produjo (diarios, libros didácticos, declaraciones diplomáticas, conferencias publicadas), las imágenes (mapas, fotos, bocetos, esquemas y notas de campo).
Comparative clinical characterization of the new recessive mucopolysaccharidosis-plus disease in the Yakut and Turkish populations
Authors: Новгородова С.Н. , Максимова Н.Р. 
Published: November 2020

МПС - группа наследственных болезней обмена веществ, связанных с нарушением метаболизма гликозаминогликанов (ГАГ), приводящая к мультисистемному поражению органов и тканей. Обусловлены данные заболевания мутациями генов, контролирующих процесс внутрилизосомного гидролиза макромолекул. Недавно выявлено новое наследственное заболевание с аутосомно-рецессивным типом наследования, относящееся к группе лизосомных заболеваний, клинически схожее с МПС, с мутацией в гене VPS33A, названное мукополисахаридоз-плюс (МПС-ПС) (OMIM #617303). Оно встречается у детей якутской национальности и приводит к ранней младенческой смертности. Также оно описано одновременно у 2 сибсов из Турции. Описанная впервые мутация c.1492C>T (p.Arg498Trp) в гене VPS33A является причиной МПС-плюс в обеих популяциях.
MPS is a group of hereditary metabolic diseases associated with impaired glycosaminoglycan (GAG) metabolism, leading to multisystem damage of organs and tissues. Recently, a group of scientists revealed a new hereditary disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance type, belonging to the lysosomal disease group, clinically similar to MPS, with a mutation in the VPS33A gene, called mucopolysaccharidosis plus (MPS-PS) (OMIM # 617303), found in Yakut children, leading to early infant mortality, and also described simultaneously in 2 siblings from Turkey. The newly described c.1492C> T (p.Arg498Trp) mutation in the VPS33A gene is the cause of MPS-plus in both populations.