bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A validation of Emotiv EPOC Flex saline for EEG and ERP research
Authors: Williams Nikolas S. , McArthur Genevieve M. , de Wit Bianca , Ibrahim George , Badcock Nicholas A. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Previous work has validated consumer-grade electroencephalography (EEG) systems for use in research. Systems in this class are cost-effective and easy to set up and can facilitate neuroscience outside of the laboratory. The aim of the current study was to determine if a new consumer-grade system, the Emotiv EPOC Saline Flex, was capable of capturing research-quality data.

Method
The Emotiv system was used simultaneously with a research-grade EEG system, Neuroscan Synamps2, to collect EEG data across 16 channels during five well-established paradigms: (1) a mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm that involved a passive listening task in which rare deviant (1,500 Hz) tones were interspersed amongst frequent standard tones (1,000 Hz), with instructions to ignore the tones while watching a silent movie; (2) a P300 paradigm that involved an active listening task in which participants were asked to count rare deviant tones presented amongst frequent standard tones; (3) an N170 paradigm in which participants were shown images of faces and watches and asked to indicate whether the images were upright or inverted; (4) a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) paradigm in which participants passively viewed a flickering screen (15 Hz) for 2 min; and (5) a resting state paradigm in which participants sat quietly with their eyes open and then closed for 3 min each.

Results
The MMN components and P300 peaks were equivalent between the two systems (BF10 = 0.25 and BF10 = 0.26, respectively), with high intraclass correlations (ICCs) between the ERP waveforms (>0.81). Although the N170 peak values recorded by the two systems were different (BF10 = 35.88), ICCs demonstrated that the N170 ERP waveforms were strongly correlated over the right hemisphere (P8; 0.87–0.97), and moderately-to-strongly correlated over the left hemisphere (P7; 0.52–0.84). For the SSVEP, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was larger for Neuroscan than Emotiv EPOC Flex (19.94 vs. 8.98, BF10 = 51,764), but SNR z-scores indicated a significant brain response at the stimulus frequency for both Neuroscan (z = 12.47) and Flex (z = 11.22). In the resting state task, both systems measured similar alpha power (BF10 = 0.28) and higher alpha power when the eyes were closed than open (BF10 = 32.27).

Conclusions
The saline version of the Emotiv EPOC Flex captures data similar to that of a research-grade EEG system. It can be used to measure reliable auditory and visual research-quality ERPs. In addition, it can index SSVEP signatures and is sensitive to changes in alpha oscillations.
Arsenic Mitigation Approach in Soil by Some Indigenous Sources of Biochar Made at Low Pyrolysis Temperature
Authors: Ferdousi N. , Huq S. M. Imamul 
Published: August 2020

Biochar is being reported now a-days to potentially reduce the bioavailability of arsenic (As). A pot culture and an in vitro incubation study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of biochar produced from different sources (viz., cow dung, poultry manure and sewage sludge) at low temperature (250ºC) on the phytoavailability of As. An experimental setup containing two sets of treatments (As and no-As) were followed. Biochar was applied at the rate of 5t/ha to the soils that received As treatment at a rate of 1mg/L As (80% arsenite and 20% arsenate). After 45 days of growth of Kalmi (Ipomoea aquatica), plant and soil samples were analyzed. Biochar insignificantly increased plant growth. Biochar was observed to be more effective in alleviating As accumulation in plant than the biomass. The incubation study was done for 0, 15, 30 and 45 days to diagnose the temporal sorption of water soluble As by biochars. All the biochar materials reduced As availability than their corresponding biomass materials. Measurement of different physical (e.g. surface area, morphology, elemental composition), chemical (CEC, nutrient content, As) and physicochemical (pH) properties of the biochar showed that through pyrolysis process nitrogen(N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P) content and pH of the biomass decreased and on the other hand potassium (K), As content and CEC increased. Slow pyrolysis process and variation in biomass material influenced the properties and behavior of biochar. Among the biochars, sewage sludge biochar showed the maximum and cowdAsung showed the minimum sorption capacity for As. Due to the threat of As to health and environment, this topic requires more consideration. Moreover, covering all the above issues, this study identifies research gaps in the use of biochar as an adsorbent for As and proposes potential areas for future application of biochar.
Demographic Factors Associated with Dengue in Saint Lucia
Authors: Lee Brendan 
Published: August 2020

Aims: To identify demographic variables associated with dengue in Saint Lucia.
Study Design: Retrospective quasi experimental study of secondary data.
Place and Duration of Study: Data was accessed from the Ministry of Health Saint Lucia, the Saint Lucia Tourism Authority and the Central Statistics Office Saint Lucia, 2011-2017.
Methodology: This study included 1869 cases tested for dengue between 2011 and 2017 identified through regular surveillance in Saint Lucia. There were 1310 confirmed cases, of which 667 were male and 643 were female. Data on education, employment, and unemployment levels, population density, hospital access and tourist arrivals were accessed from local Saint Lucian agencies to determine their relationships with the occurrence of dengue.
Results: The largest prevalence of dengue from the sample was found in the district of Castries (29.6%) and 25% of the cases occurring in the adult group (19-44). It was found that over 40 % of the dengue cases occurred in the population when between 12500 to 14000 persons (medium level) had tertiary education. Logistic regression of the data allowed the demonstration of strong significant relationships between age, the 13-18-year age group (P<.001, OR 4.091 [CI 2.628-6.369]) and tertiary education (P<.001, OR 4.785 [CI 2.896- 7.905]) and occurrence of dengue.
Conclusion: Age and education, along with other variables such as location, tourist visitor arrival, employment status, and population density were found to be associated with dengue in Saint Lucia. Further research is warranted to better characterize these relationships and understand how they could be used to develop predictive models for use in public health prevention programmes.
HÁ UMA DISCRICIONARIEDADE TÉCNICA?
Authors: Pereira Nobre Júnior Edilson 
Published: August 2020

<p>O presente artigo se propõe a discorrer sobre algo novo, mas com coração antigo, qual seja a natureza da atividade técnica desenvolvida pela Administração Pública, mostrando que, em regra, cuida-se de competência vinculada, a permitir seu exame pela jurisdição.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
RISCO SANITÁRIO E VONTADE HUMANA: APROXIMAÇÕES E COMPLEMENTARIDADES NO ESTILO DE VIDA CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: De Souza Delgado Joedson , Ferreira Filho Ottoni 
Published: August 2020

<p>Na história da vigilância sanitária, o risco sempre foi o cerne de sua atuação. Todavia, nunca vivemos em uma sociedade tão repleta de ameaças como a atual. O medo irracional penetra a vontade humana e amplifica o perigo de destruir a plena capacidade de analisar os riscos inerentes ao consumo insensato, tendo em vista que é dominado pelo sentimento e não pela razão. A proposta deste artigo tem por desiderato analisar o risco sanitário com seus elementos atuais à luz da aproximação dialética da ação volitiva entre a filosofia de Immanuel Kant e Arthur Schopenhauer que diferem nas perspectivas teóricas, mas que se aproximam em alguns aspectos e, assim, permitem a desconstrução da vulnerabilidade de itens reinantes na coletividade, como a incredulidade e a falta de sentido para a vida moderna. Com supedâneo na filosofia pragmática da linguagem e aporte interpretativo de outros estudiosos, pretendemos destacar que a vontade egoísta inata do ser humano com suas competições, intrigas e rivalidades, apenas torna o quadro do dano potencializado, devendo a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária atuar em tal ambiente. </p>
Diastereoselective Isomerization of (E)‐β‐Nitroenones into β‐Nitro‐β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones under Microwave Conditions
Authors: Chiurchiù Elena , Xhafa Sonila , Ballini Roberto , Maestri Giovanni , Protti Stefano , Palmieri Alessandro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report herein an unprecedented conversion of β‐nitroenones into β‐nitro‐β,γ‐unsaturated ketones. The reaction proceeds under microwave irradiation, furnishing products in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity. The mechanism of the reaction has been rationalized by means of DFT modelling, which showed that sequential enolization/isomerization steps allowed to break the conjugation of the reagent. The E isomer is preferentially formed thanks to the solvent, which acts catalytically and dictates the regiochemical outcome. Moreover, the obtained β‐nitro‐β,γ‐unsaturated ketones have been efficiently converted into 1,2,5‐trisubstituted pyrroles by a one‐pot approach.magnified image
Synthesis of Biquinolines via a Pd‐Catalyzed Borylation Reaction
Authors: Gupta Shiv S. , Sharma Krishna K. , Prajapati Manoj , Rathod Gajanan K. , Jain Rahul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSynthesis of biquinolines starting from easily available haloquinolines via a Pd‐catalyzed borylation reaction in the presence of inexpensive bis(pinacolato)diboron is described. The reaction involves Pd(dppf)Cl2 ⋅ CH2Cl2‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of haloquinolines with bis(pinacolato)diboron to afford in situ generated heteroarylboronates. The intermediate heteroarylboronates immediately undergoes homocoupling to afford biquinolines in good to excellent yields in short reaction time. The scope of the reaction was demonstrated by its successful extension to structurally related N‐heterocycles.
Exposure to environmental black carbon exacerbates nasal epithelial inflammation via the reactive oxygen species (ROS)–nucleotide‐binding, oligomerization domain–like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)–caspase‐1–interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) pathway
Authors: Li Ying , Ouyang Yuhui , Jiao Jian , Xu Zhaojun , Zhang Luo 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis(AR) is an increasing challenge to public health worldwide. Exposure to environmental black carbon (BC) is associated with increased risk of allergic rhinitis, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its toxicity have not been fully elucidated. The aims of the present study were therefore to determine the effect of BC on the expression of interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and to investigate the mechanism underlying BC‐induced IL‐1β production in pollen‐sensitized human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs).MethodsNasal mucosal samples collected from 10 patients undergoing nasal surgery were used to isolate and culture epithelial cells as air‐liquid interface (ALI) cultures. Cultures exposed to BC ± pollen allergen for 24 hours were assessed for the presence of IL‐1β, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activation of the nucleotide‐binding, oligomerization domain–like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying BC ± pollen allergen–induced IL‐1β in hNECs were evaluated.ResultsExposure to BC significantly increased the production of IL‐1β and ROS and the expression of NLRP3 in hNECs, compared with control, all of which were significantly increased further by exposure to a combination of BC and pollen. Incubation of hNECs with N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated BC ± pollen‐induced expression of ROS, NLRP3, and IL‐1β. NLRP3 and Caspase‐1 inhibitors (MCC950 and YVAD) significantly inhibited IL‐1β expression and NLRP3 activation, but not NLRP3 expression following exposure to BC ± pollen.ConclusionThese findings suggest that exposure to BC and pollen can exaggerate oxidative stress and significantly increase the expression of IL‐1β in hNECs, and that this may involve a pathway integrating ROS–NLRP3–Caspase‐1–IL‐1β signaling.
Modification of the wood‐plastic composite for enhancement of formaldehyde clearance and the 3D printing application
Authors: Jiang Qi , Xu Yifan , Chen Mingliang , Meng Qinghua , Zhang Chongyin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs the formaldehyde is one of the main indoor pollutants, the purpose of this study is to effectively remove indoor formaldehyde pollution by using environmentally friendly 3D printing ornaments. The wood 3D printing filaments cellulose/polylactic acid composite (Cellu/P) was selected as the starting material, and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was used for chemical modification to obtain a series of cellulose composite materials with amino groups. The modified composite materials (APTES@Cellu/P) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and mechanical tests, and a formaldehyde removal experiment was performed. The feasibility of 3D printing was evaluated, and the process of 3D printing‐functionalized customized ornaments was proposed, and then a school emblem was used for modeling, printing, and surface modification. Compared with the commercially traditional activated carbon, 3D printing‐customized ornaments of APTES@Cellu/P material has a better formaldehyde removal effect, and can even avoid the secondary pollution that is common to the activated carbon.
Low‐cycle fatigue behavior of flexible3Dprinted thermoplastic polyurethane blends for thermal energy storage/release applications
Authors: Rigotti Daniele , Dorigato Andrea , Pegoretti Alessandro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThermal energy storage (TES) materials constituted by a microencapsulated paraffin having a melting temperature of 6°C and a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix were prepared through fused deposition modeling. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs demonstrated that the microcapsules were homogeneously distributed within the matrix, with a rather good adhesion within the layers of 3D printed specimens, even at elevated concentrations of microcapsules. The presence of paraffin capsules having a rigid polymer shell lead to a stiffness increase, associated to a decrease in the stress and in the strain at break. Tensile and compressive low‐cycles fatigue tests showed that the presence of microcapsules negatively affected the fatigue resistance of the samples, and that the main part of the damage occurred in the first fatigue cycles. After the first 10 loading cycles at 50% of the stress at break, a decrease in the elastic modulus ranging from 60% for neat TPU to 80% for composite materials was detected. This decrease reached 40% of the original value at 90% of the stress at break after 10 cycles. Differential scanning calorimetry tests on specimens after fatigue loading highlighted a substantial retention of the original TES capability, in the range of 80%–90% of the pristine value, even after 1000 cycles, indicating that the integrity of the capsules was maintained and that the propagation of damage during fatigue tests took probably place within the surrounding polymer matrix. It could be therefore concluded that it is possible to apply the developed blends in applications where the materials are subjected to cyclic stresses, both in tensile and compressive mode.
From 2D Graphene Nanosheets to 3D Graphene‐based Macrostructures
Authors: Mohd Firdaus Rabita , Berrada Nawal , Desforges Alexandre , Mohamed Abdul Rahman , Vigolo Brigitte 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe combination of exceptional functionalities offered by 3D graphene‐based macrostructures (GBMs) has attracted tremendous interest. 2D graphene nanosheets have a high chemical stability, high surface area and customizable porosity, which was extensively researched for a variety of applications including CO2 adsorption, water treatment, batteries, sensors, catalysis, etc. Recently, 3D GBMs have been successfully achieved through few approaches, including direct and non‐direct self‐assembly methods. In this review, the possible routes used to prepare both 2D graphene and interconnected 3D GBMs are described and analyzed regarding the involved chemistry of each 2D/3D graphene system. Improvement of the accessible surface of 3D GBMs where the interface exchanges are occurring is of great importance. A better control of the chemical mechanisms involved in the self‐assembly mechanism itself at the nanometer scale is certainly the key for a future research breakthrough regarding 3D GBMs.
Improving MOOC learning performance in China: An analysis of factors from the TAM and TPB
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Dong Chunyu , Zhang Xiaowen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent years have seen a rapid development in the integration of information technology into China's higher education provision. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have played a vital role in spreading and sharing educational content in China, but problems have been identified with sustaining the learning process, leading to low completion rates. This study integrates the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior to build a theoretical model of the mechanism behind MOOC learning performance. Data were collected from an online questionnaire (N = 638) completed by participants in MOOCs offered by Anhui Agricultural University. Structural equation modeling was then used to analyze the participants' self‐reported MOOC learning experience and outcomes and verify the hypothesized path to improving MOOC learning performance. The results indicate that perceived usefulness, learning attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and learning behavior had significant effects on learning performance, while perceived ease of use was not a significant factor.
The impact of using program visualization techniques on learning basic programming concepts at the K–12 level
Authors: Mladenović Monika , Žanko Žana , Aglić Čuvić Marin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNovices enrolled in introductory programming courses often face many difficulties. These difficulties are more emphasized when novices are K–12 students. Many new visual programming languages have primarily been designed to provide a smooth introduction to programming for children. However, at some point, a general‐purpose text‐based programming language should be used. A well‐known and studied method is to visualize program execution to assist novices in forming correct mental models. Although many studies have investigated the effects of using visualizations in teaching and learning, most of them focus on courses taught at the university level. Studies that focus on investigating the impact of program visualizations at the K–12 level are, to the best of our knowledge, scarce. Therefore, we investigated the impact of using program visualizations with a group of K–12 students. Because of the underrepresentation of girls in computer science and known gender stereotypes, we additionally investigated student performance based on gender. Our research included 98 fifth‐grade students from three elementary schools. The lectures in the experimental group included different visualization techniques, including a program visualization tool and PowerPoint animations, whereas the control group had no program visualizations. All students learned Python as part of their curriculum. We present the results of our research in this paper.
When do low‐power customers complain? The joint effects of chronic sense of personal power and complaint success on complaining intentions
Authors: Popelnukha Anastasia , Weng Qingxiong (Derek) , Ali Ahmed , Atamba Cynthia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the customer complaint literature, researchers have found that the lack of an incidental sense of power is one of the reasons why customers do not complain. However, two issues are left unanswered: does a chronic sense of power influence consumer complaining behavior, and how individuals who feel chronically powerless can be encouraged to complain when dissatisfied. The present study is intended to address this topic. Drawing on the approach–inhibition theory of power, we argue that the probability of complaint success increases the complaint behavior of customers with a low chronic sense of power, thereby mitigating the differences in the complaint behavior of consumers with low and high power. The three studies indicated that a low chronic power was negatively associated with complaining intentions and that this association was mitigated by the perceived success of complaining.
Multiple cutaneous ulcers revealing a primary cutaneous Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Tedbirt Billal , Dubois Sydney , Cellier Lucie , Carvalho Priscille , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Courville Philippe , Deschamps‐Huvier Aurélie , Etancelin Pascaline , Deniel Anne , Tilly Hervé , Jardin Fabrice , Joly Pascal , Camus Vincent 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrimary cutaneous EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma is an exceptional and aggressive neoplasia with a poorer prognosis than other cutaneous lymphoma. Our observation points out the rarity of the presentation and the dismal clinical course.
MoC nanoclusters anchored Ni@N‐doped carbon nanotubes coated on carbon fiber as three‐dimensional and multifunctional electrodes for flexible supercapacitor and self‐heating device
Authors: Liu Fan , He Jietong , Liu Xiaoyu , Chen Yuke , Liu Zhen , Chen Duo , Liu Hong , Zhou Weijia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of different kinds of wearable electronic devices, flexible and high‐capacity power sources have attracted increasing attention. In this study, a facile strategy to fabricate Ni nanoparticles embedded in N‐doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (Ni@NCNTs) homogeneously coated on the surface of carbon fiber with a multistructural component of molybdenum carbide (MoC/Ni@NCNTs/CC) was synthesized. There are two forms of MoC in MoC/Ni@NCNTs/CC, including the MoC nanoclusters in a size of 2 to 4 nm anchored on Ni@N‐doped CNTs and the MoC nanoparticles as an interface between MoC/Ni@NCNTs and carbon cloth (CC). Multifunctional MoC/Ni@NCNTs/CC served as both positive and negative electrode and a heater in flexible supercapacitors and in wearable devices, which exhibited excellent electrochemical and heating performance. Besides, an all‐solid‐state supercapacitor consists of two pieces of MoC/Ni@NCNTs/CC that exhibited extraordinary energy storage performance with high‐energy density (78.7 µWh/cm2 at the power density of 2.4 mW/cm2) and excellent cycling stability (≈91% capacity retention after 8000 cycles). Furthermore, all‐solid‐state flexible supercapacitors were incorporated with an MoC/Ni@NCNTs/CC electrode into self‐heating flexible devices for keeping the human body warm. Thus, MoC/Ni@NCNTs/CC is a promising electrode material for flexible and wearable storage systems and heating electronic application.