bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explant culture: A relevant tool for the study of telocytes
Authors: Sanches Bruno D. A. , Maldarine Juliana D. S. , Tamarindo Guilherme H. , Da Silva Alana D. T. , Lima Maria L. D. , Rahal Paula , Góes Rejane M. , Taboga Sebastião R. , Carvalho Hernandes F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTelocytes are cells present in the stroma of various tissues including the prostate. The detection of telocytes is still very much dependent on obtaining ultrastructural data that show the presence of telopodes, which are cytoplasmic projections that alternate between dilated regions, the podoms, and thin segments, the podomers. These structures are the distinctive characteristics of the telocytes. Thus, in vitro assays are important for the study of telocytes, which are more easily identified in culture, which also enables the experimental manipulation of these cells. The isolation of telocytes per se does not allow the analysis of the behavior of these cells in relation to other cell types in a given organ. In this sense, in the prostate, explants could be a useful tool for the study of telocytes. The present study obtained prostatic explants and evaluated the influence of recombinant proteins, scattering factor (SCF) and stromal‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1), which could impact on the migration of CD34‐positive cells. Telocytes migrate out of explants and SDF‐1 stimulates the proliferation and formation of telocyte networks in vitro. Telocytes are not smooth muscle cell progenitors in the prostate; on the contrary, they are CD90‐ and CD44‐negative cells and, hence, have limited progenitor capacity. The present study demonstrated that explants are useful tools to elucidate the nature of telocytes and their functions.
An effective method of isolating microvascular endothelial cells from the human dermis
Authors: Hou Hui , Li Jiao , Zhou Ling , Liang Jiannan , Wang Juanjuan , Li Junqin , Hou Ruixia , Li Juan , Yang Xiaohong , Zhang Kaiming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMECs) play central roles in inflammation and angiogenesis and have become important cell models for studying various skin diseases. However, primary DMECs are difficult to culture and often contaminated by mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, and other stromal cells. Surgically removed superfluous foreskin was first cut into pieces, digested with two types of enzymes, and dispersed into single cells. Cells obtained from the dermis were then subjected to Percoll density gradient centrifugation and cells located between densities 1.033 and 1.047 g/ml were further purified with endothelial growth medium containing decreasing concentrations of puromycin. Obtained HDMECs were identified by microscopy, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescent staining. The expression of CD31 (PECAM‐1), CD34, VEGFR2, VWF (Von Willebrand Factor), VE‐Cadherin (CD144), and NOS was positive. HDMECs were found to have abilities of angiogenesis and uptake of acetylated low‐density lipoprotein. Growth curves and cell viability were analyzed, and a growth pattern consisting of the “latency phase‐logarithmic growth phase‐stagnation phase” was determined. In this study, a simple, rapid, effective, and low‐cost method is established to isolate HDMECs from the foreskin with a purity of over 91% and high viability. The method showed good repeatability and allowed a stable passage. This study provides technical support and theoretical guidance for studying the physiological characteristics of HDMECs, the pathogenesis of the skin associated, and other microvascular diseases.
Photochemical Functionalization of Heterocycles with EBX Reagents: C−H Alkynylation versus Deconstructive Ring Cleavage**
Authors: Voutyritsa Errika , Garreau Marion , Kokotou Maroula G. , Triandafillidi Ierasia , Waser Jérôme , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of novel methodologies for the functionalization of saturated heterocycles is highly desirable. Herein, we report a cheap and efficient photochemical method for the C−H functionalization of saturated O‐heterocycles, as well as the deconstructive ring‐cleavage of S‐heterocycles, employing hypervalent iodine alkynylation reagents (ethynylbenziodoxolones, EBX). This photochemical alkynylation is performed utilizing phenylglyoxylic acid as the photoinitiator, leading to the corresponding products in good to high yields, under household fluorescent light bulb irradiation. When O‐heterocycles were employed, the expected α‐C−H alkynylation took place. In contrast, oxidative ring‐opening to form a thioalkyne and an aldehyde was observed with S‐heterocycles. Preliminary mechanistic experiments are presented to give first insights into this puzzling divergent reactivity.
Electron‐Deficient Conjugated Materials via p–π* Conjugation with Boron: Extending Monomers to Oligomers, Macrocycles, and Polymers
Authors: Yin Xiaodong , Liu Jun , Jäkle Frieder 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe extension of conjugated organoboranes from monomeric species to oligomers, macrocycles, and polymers offers access to a plethora of fascinating new materials. The p–π* conjugation between empty orbitals on boron and the conjugated linkers not only affects the electronic structure and optical properties, but also enables mutual interactions between electron‐deficient boron centers. The unique properties of these electron‐deficient π‐conjugated systems are exploited in highly luminescent materials, organic optoelectronic devices, and sensing applications.
Synthesis of β‐Diamine Building Blocks by Photocatalytic Hydroamination of Enecarbamates with Amines, Ammonia and N−H Heterocycles
Authors: Francis Daniel , Nelson Adam , Marsden Stephen P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract3‐Amino‐substituted saturated nitrogen heterocycles are an important subclass of β‐diamines, appearing in a number of clinical agents. Herein, we report a unified approach to these products based upon the regioselective photoredox‐mediated hydroamination of enecarbamates. The amine coupling partner can encompass diverse amine types under a single set of reaction conditions, including primary alkyl amines, ammonia, aryl and heteroaryl amines, and N−H heterocycles. The method enables the synthesis of a wide range of pharmaceutically relevant building blocks.
Geodesic‐Planar Conjugates: Substituted Buckybowls—Synthesis, Photoluminescence and Electrochemistry
Authors: Bayer Johannes , Herberger Jan , Holz Lukas , Winter Rainer F. , Huhn Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractC−C cross coupling products of bowl‐shaped as‐indaceno[3,2,1,8,7,6‐pqrstuv]picene (Idpc) and different planar arenes and ethynyl‐arenes were synthesized. Photoluminescence as well as electrochemical properties of all products were investigated and complemented by time‐dependent quantum chemical calculations. UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry investigations of the directly linked (Idpc)2 indicated the absence of any intramolecular charge‐transfer transition of intermittently formed (Idpc)2.−. All coupling products showed fluorescence. Ferrocene‐1‐yl‐Idpc was structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction and is a rare example of a ferrocene‐containing buckybowl exhibiting luminescence.
Supramolecular Paradigm for Capture and Co‐Precipitation of Gold(III) Coordination Complexes
Authors: Shaffer Cassandra C. , Liu Wenqi , Oliver Allen G. , Smith Bradley D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new supramolecular paradigm is presented for reliable capture and co‐precipitation of haloauric acids (HAuX4) from organic solvents or water. Two classes of acyclic organic compounds act as complementary receptors (tectons) by forming two sets of directional non‐covalent interactions, (a) hydrogen bonding between amide (or amidinium) NH residues and the electronegative X ligands on the AuX4−, and (b) electrostatic stacking of the electron deficient Au center against the face of an aromatic surface. X‐ray diffraction analysis of four co‐crystal structures reveals the additional common feature of proton bridged carbonyls as a new and predictable supramolecular design element that creates one‐dimensional polymers linked by very short hydrogen bonds (CO⋅⋅⋅OC distance <2.5 Å). Two other co‐crystal structures show that the amidinium‐π⋅⋅⋅XAu interaction will reliably engage AuX4− with high directionality. These acyclic compounds are very attractive as co‐precipitation agents within new “green” gold recovery processes. They also have high potential as tectons for controlled self‐assembly or co‐crystal engineering of haloaurate composites. More generally, the supramolecular paradigm will facilitate the design of next‐generation receptors or tectons with high affinity for precious metal square planar coordination complexes for use in advanced materials, nanotechnology, or medicine.
Spectrum of histiocytic neoplasms associated with diverse haematological malignancies bearing the same oncogenic mutation
Authors: Kemps Paul G , Hebeda Konnie M , Pals Steven T , Verdijk Robert M , Lam King H , Bruggink Annette H , de Lil Heleen S , Ruiterkamp Bart , de Heer Koen , van Laar Jan AM , Valk Peter JM , Mutsaers Pim , Levin Mark‐David , Hogendoorn Pancras CW , van Halteren Astrid GS 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHistiocytic disorders are a spectrum of rare diseases characterised by the accumulation of macrophage‐, dendritic cell‐, or monocyte‐differentiated cells in various tissues and organs. The discovery of recurrent genetic alterations in many of these histiocytoses has led to their recognition as clonal neoplastic diseases. Moreover, the identification of the same somatic mutation in histiocytic lesions and peripheral blood and/or bone marrow cells from histiocytosis patients has provided evidence for systemic histiocytic neoplasms to originate from haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we investigated associations between histiocytic disorders and additional haematological malignancies bearing the same genetic alteration(s) using the nationwide Dutch Pathology Registry. By searching on pathologist‐assigned diagnostic terms for the various histiocytic disorders, we identified 4602 patients with a putative histopathological diagnosis of a histiocytic disorder between 1971 and 2019. Histiocytosis‐affected tissue samples of 187 patients had been analysed for genetic alterations as part of routine molecular diagnostics, including from nine patients with an additional haematological malignancy. Among these patients, we discovered three cases with different histiocytic neoplasms and additional haematological malignancies bearing identical oncogenic mutations, including one patient with concomitantKRASp.A59E mutated histiocytic sarcoma and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), one patient with synchronousNRASp.G12V mutated indeterminate cell histiocytosis and CMML, and one patient with subsequentNRASp.Q61R mutated Erdheim–Chester disease and acute myeloid leukaemia. These cases support the existence of a common haematopoietic cell‐of‐origin in at least a proportion of patients with a histiocytic neoplasm and additional haematological malignancy. In addition, they suggest that driver mutations in particular genes (e.g.N/KRAS) may specifically predispose to the development of an additional clonally related haematological malignancy or secondary histiocytic neoplasm. Finally, the putative existence of derailed multipotent HSPCs in these patients emphasises the importance of adequate (bone marrow) staging, molecular analysis and long‐term follow‐up of all histiocytosis patients.
Synthesis of 5‐Cyanomethyluridine (cnm5U) and 5‐Cyanouridine (cn5U) Phosphoramidites and Their Incorporation into RNA Oligonucleotides
Authors: Mao Song , Tsai Hsu‐Chun , Sheng Jia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article contains detailed synthetic protocols for preparation of 5‐cyanomethyluridine (cnm5U) and 5‐cyanouridine (cn5U) phosphoramidites. The synthesis of the cnm5U phosphoramidite building block starts with commercially available 5‐methyluridine (m5C), followed by bromination of the 5‐methyl group to install the cyano moiety using TMSCN/TBAF. The cn5U phosphoramidite is obtained by regular Vorbrüggen glycosylation of the protected ribofuranose with silylated 5‐cyanouracil. These two modified phosphoramidites are suitable for synthesis of RNA oligonucleotides on solid phase using conventional amidite chemistry. Our protocol provides access to two novel building blocks for constructing RNA‐based therapeutics. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of cnm5U and cn5U phosphoramiditesBasic Protocol 2: Synthesis, purification, and characterization of cnm5U‐ and cn5U‐modified RNA oligonucleotides
OXTR DNA methylation moderates the developmental calibration of neural reward sensitivity
Authors: Gonzalez Marlen Z. , Wroblewski Kelly L. , Allen Joseph P. , Coan James A. , Connelly Jessica J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Adaptive Calibration Model of Stress Responsivity (ACM) suggests that developmental experiences predictably tune biological systems to meet the demands of the environment. Particularly important is the calibration of reward systems. Using a longitudinal sample (N = 184) followed since adolescence, this study models the dimensions of early life stress and their effects on epigenetic modification of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) and individual differences in neural response to reward anticipation. We first created a latent variable model of developmental context using measures collected when participants were 13 years old. As adults, two subsets of participants completed a reward anticipation fMRI paradigm (N = 82) and agreed to have their blood assayed for (OXTR) DNA methylation (N = 112) at two CpG sites. Three latent constructs of developmental context emerged: Neighborhood Harshness, Family Harshness, and Abuse and Disorder. Greater OXTR DNA methylation at CpG sites −924 and −934 blunted the association between greater Neighborhood Harshness and increased neural activation in caudate in anticipation of rewards. Interaction effects were also found outside of reward‐related areas for all three latent constructs. Results indicate an epigenetically derived differential susceptibility model whereby high methylation coincides with decreased association between developmental environment and neural reward anticipation.
Effects of plant functional group removal on CO2 fluxes and belowground C stocks across contrasting ecosystems
Authors: Grau‐Andrés Roger , Wardle David A. , Gundale Michael J. , Foster Claire N. , Kardol Paul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChanges in plant communities can have large effects on ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics and long‐term C stocks. However, how these effects are mediated by environmental context or vary among ecosystems is not well understood. To study this, we used a long‐term plant removal experiment set up across 30 forested lake islands in northern Sweden that collectively represent a strong gradient of soil fertility and ecosystem productivity. We measured forest floor CO2 exchange and aboveground and belowground C stocks for a 22‐yr experiment involving factorial removal of the two dominant functional groups of the boreal forest understory, namely ericaceous dwarf shrubs and feather mosses, on each of the 30 islands. We found that long‐term shrub and moss removal increased forest floor net CO2 loss and decreased belowground C stocks consistently across the islands irrespective of their productivity or soil fertility. However, we did see context‐dependent responses of respiration to shrub removals because removals only increased respiration on islands of intermediate productivity. Both CO2 exchange and C stocks responded more strongly to shrub removal than to moss removal. Shrub removal reduced gross primary productivity of the forest floor consistently across the island gradient, but it had no effect on respiration, which suggests that loss of belowground C caused by the removals was driven by reduced litter inputs. Across the island gradient, shrub removal consistently depleted C stocks in the soil organic horizon by 0.8 kg C/m2. Our results show that the effect of plant functional group diversity on C dynamics can be relatively consistent across contrasting ecosystems that vary greatly in productivity and soil fertility. These findings underline the key role of understory vegetation in forest C cycling, and suggest that global change leading to changes in the relative abundance of both shrubs and mosses could impact on the capacity of boreal forests to store C.
Early snowmelt and warmer, drier summers shrink postflowering transition times in subalpine wildflowers
Authors: Sethi Meera Lee , Theobald Elli J. , Breckheimer Ian , Hille Ris Lambers Janneke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPlant reproductive phenology—the timing of reproduction—is shifting rapidly with global climate change. Many studies focus on flowering responses to climate, but few investigate how postflowering processes, such as how quickly plants develop from flowering to seed dispersal, respond to environmental factors. We examined the climatic drivers of postflowering phenology in 28 species of western North American subalpine meadow plants over large spatial and temporal climate gradients. We took a Bayesian hierarchical approach to address whether and how climate influences the time it takes for wildflower populations to transition from flower to seed. Our previous work on the same species demonstrated that the initiation of flowering depends on snowmelt timing, with warmer temperatures and soil moisture also playing a role. Here, we found that for the majority of the flowering community, the same climate drivers also affected the time it takes to move from flowering to seed dispersal. Climate‐sensitive species shortened flower–seed transitions when snow melted earlier, temperatures were warmer, and/or soil dried down more quickly—conditions we expect with higher frequency under climate change. Our work underscores the fact that predicting the impact of climate change on plant reproductive phenology demands empirical data on phases beyond flowering. Additionally, it suggests that some species face a future in which multiple environmental factors will push them towards more rapid transitions from flowering to postflowering phases, with potential effects on plants themselves and the many animal associates that rely on them, including frugivores and seed predators.
Utilizing the column imprints to accelerate no‐partitioning hash joins in large‐scale edge systems
Authors: Li Yu , Xu Wenjian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the increasing number of edge devices in large‐scale edge systems, more and more data are collected to be processed. In such big data scenarios, there is a resurgence of interest in main‐memory analytic databases because of the large RAM capacity of modern servers and the increasing demand for real‐time analytic platforms. In such databases, join is at the heart of almost every query plan. Join also stays as a time‐consuming operation when the denormalization overhead is too large to be applicable. However, the current implementations of these operations have not fully leveraged the new features (eg, SIMD, multi‐core) provided by the modern hardware. The goal of this article is to design efficient algorithms for joins by judiciously exploiting every bit of RAM and all the available parallelisms in each processing unit. For join operations, hash joins have been studied, improved, and reexamined over decades. In this article, we propose to utilize a secondary index to improve hash joins without the physical partitioning. Specifically, in the build phase, the hash values are scattered evenly into the logical partitions of the hash table; in the probe phase, the secondary index is used as the hints to re‐order the probing sequence, such that the locality of the hash probing is increased. We benchmark the performance of the proposed techniques in our column‐store research prototype. Extensive experiments on the synthetic data and the real data show that our methods offer significant performance improvement over their counterparts.
Preliminary study on discrimination of transgenic cotton seeds using terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy
Authors: Li Bin , Shen Xiaochen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPresence of genetically modified (GM) organisms is considered to be controversial by legislation and public. It is very important to develop detection methods for early discriminations. Conventional gene detection methods, including protein detection (PCR, ELISA, and so on) and DNA detection (Southern blot, GC/MS, and so on), have the disadvantages of high costs, time‐consuming, complex operations, and destructive of the samples. Terahertz spectroscopy (THz) is a brand‐new radiation with many unique advantages. Most biological macromolecules have fingerprint characteristics in THz band from the current recognition. In this study, feasibility of identifying the transgenic cotton seeds from nontransgenic counterparts using THz spectroscopy method was investigated. The transgenic cotton seeds‐Lumianyan No.28 and nontransgenic cotton seeds‐Xinluzao No.51 were selected and the sample‐making methods were studied; then the refractive and absorption curves of samples were got and given a detailed discussion; finally, absorption index of transgenic and nontransgenic DNA was observed and discussed. The results showed there were small fluctuations in THz band, and refractive index of transgenic seeds was lower than nontransgenic ones and had obvious turning point at 1.4–2.0 THz region. There were significant peaks in 1.0–1.2 and 1.3–1.5 THz regions for the transgenic cotton seeds. Transgenic DNA had higher absorption index than nontransgenic DNA, and there were 3–4 peaks corresponding to the cotton seed samples in 1.0–1.6 THz region. These results showed cotton seeds samples can provide important bio‐information in THz band, and this study provided a basis for developing potential THz‐based gene detection technologies.
Bitcoin and sentiment
Authors: Jo Hoje , Park Haehean , Shefrin Hersh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBaker and Wurgler identify high sentiment betas with small startup firms that have great growth potential. On the surface, cryptocurrencies share important features in common with high sentiment beta stocks. This paper investigates the degree to which, during the period July 18, 2010–February 26, 2018, the return to bitcoin displayed the characteristics of a high sentiment beta stock. Using a sentiment‐dependent factor model, the analysis indicates that in large measure, bitcoin returns resembled returns to high sentiment beta stocks. Additionally, we show that bitcoin's expected returns are low when sentiment measured by Volatility Index is high while expected returns are high when sentiment is low.