bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Dengue Transmissions in Singapore Attributable to SARS-CoV-2 Social Distancing Measures
Authors: Lim Jue Tao , Chew Lawrence Zheng Xiong , Choo Esther Li Wen , Dickens Borame Sue Lee , Ong Janet , Aik Joel , Ng Lee Ching , Cook Alex R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Social distancing (SD) measures aimed at curbing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 remain an important public health intervention. Little is known about the collateral impact of reduced mobility on the risk of other communicable diseases. We used differences in dengue case counts pre- and post implementation of SD measures and exploited heterogeneity in SD treatment effects among different age groups in Singapore to identify the spillover effects of SD measures. SD policy caused an increase of over 37.2% in dengue cases from baseline. Additional measures to preemptively mitigate the risk of other communicable diseases must be considered before the implementation/reimplementation of SARS-CoV-2 SD measures.
Functional analysis of BRCA1 RING domain variants: computationally derived structural data can improve upon experimental features for training predictive models
Authors: Masso Majid 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Advancements in the interpretation of variants of unknown significance are critical for improving clinical outcomes. In a recent study, massive parallel assays were used to experimentally quantify the effects of missense substitutions in the RING domain of BRCA1 on E3 ubiquitin ligase activity as well as BARD1 RING domain binding. These attributes were subsequently used for training a predictive model of homology-directed DNA repair levels for these BRCA1 variants relative to wild type, which is critical for tumor suppression. Here, relative structural changes characterizing BRCA1 variants were quantified by using an efficient and cost-free computational mutagenesis technique, and we show that these features lead to improvements in model performance. This work underscores the potential for bench researchers to gain valuable insights from computational tools, prior to implementing costly and time-consuming experiments.
Molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producingEscherichia colifrom duck farms in south-east coastal China
Authors: Wang Min-Ge , Zhang Rong-Min , Wang Lin-Lin , Sun Ruan-Yang , Bai Shuan-Cheng , Han Lu , Fang Liang-Xing , Sun Jian , Liu Ya-Hong , Liao Xiao-Ping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the dissemination and molecular characteristics of NDM-producing Escherichia coli strains from duck farms in south-east coastal China and their threats to human health.MethodsA total of 232 NDM-producing E. coli were recovered from 1505 samples collected from 25 duck farms and their surrounding environments in five provinces in China. Resistance genes were confirmed using PCR. Genomic characteristics of the carbapenemase-producing isolates were determined by WGS and bioinformatic analysis.ResultsThe rate of NDM-positive E. coli detected in samples from the five provinces ranged from 3.7% to 28.5%. There was substantial variation in the prevalence of NDM-positive E. coli from different duck farms in each province studied. Three variants (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-4 and blaNDM-5) were found in 232 NDM-positive E. coli; blaNDM-5 (94.8%, 220/232) was the most prevalent. WGS analysis indicated that ST746, ST48, ST1011 and ST167 E. coli isolates were prevalent in the current study and poultry was likely the primary reservoir for NDM-positive ST746 and ST48 E. coli in China. Phylogenomic analysis showed that NDM-positive E. coli isolates from ducks were closely related to those of human origin. In addition, WGS analysis further revealed that blaNDM co-existed with other antibiotic resistance genes, conferring resistance to nine classes of antimicrobials.ConclusionsThis study revealed that ducks farm in China are an important reservoir for NDM-positive E. coli and STs of the isolates showed obvious distinctive diversities in geographical distribution. The distribution and spread of NDM-positive E. coli in duck farms poses a threat to public health.
Uniform infection screening allowed safe head and neck surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan
Authors: Ito Akiko , Kobayashi Kenya , Shiotsuka Mika , Sato Tetsufumi , Omura Go , Matsumoto Yoshifumi , Ikeda Atsuo , Sakai Azusa , Eguchi Kohtaro , Takano Tomonari , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Kobayashi Osamu , Iwata Satoshi , Yoshimoto Seiichi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a uniform infection screening protocol could be used to safely perform head and neck cancer surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and clarify how surgical treatment changed compared with the pre-pandemic period.

Materials and methods
During the unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Tokyo, we continued providing head and neck cancer care, guided by our own uniform screening protocol. In this study, medical records of 208 patients with head and neck malignancy, who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital during the first and second wave of pandemic for each 2-month period (first wave: 30 March 2020–30 May 2020, second wave: 14 July 2020–14 September 2020) and the 2-month pre-pandemic period (30 October 2019–30 December 2020), were analysed.

Results
A total of 133 patients were admitted for surgical treatment and all, except six patients with emergency tracheostomy, were screened according to the protocol. As a result, all 127 patients received surgical treatment as planned, and all 1247 medical staff members involved in the surgeries were uninfected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. During the first wave of pandemic, 20% reduction of head and neck surgery was requited; however, restrictions of surgery were not necessary during the second wave. Surgical procedure, length of hospitalization, postoperative complications and number of medical staff were unchanged compared with pre-pandemic period.

Conclusion
Our data indicate that continuation of head and neck anticancer surgical treatment in an epidemic area during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic were safe and feasible, if adequate and strict preventive measures are vigorously and successfully carried out.
A case report of an unusual caecal metastatic location of a primary cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rockson Obed , Kora Christine , Ramdani Abdelbassir , Serji Badr , El Harroudi Tijani 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the colon is a rare malignant tumor occurring as either a primary or secondary lesion. Few cases of metastatic or secondary colonic SCC have been published. We report an unusual case of a 59-year-old female patient who was treated by Wertheim hysterectomy and adjuvant chemoradiation for stage IIB SCC of the uterine cervix. Two years later, she developed a metastatic location in the caecum causing an acute intestinal obstruction. She underwent an emergency open right hemicolectomy with ileocolic anastomosis and resection of two nodules of the umbilicus and the right parietal peritoneum. Histopathological examination confirmed a triple metastatic location of SCC. She is disease-free 11 months after surgery. We discuss the clinicopathological features, management strategies, and the prognosis of this rare entity.
The Preservation of The Feminine -T in Some Bedouin-Type Dialects of Arabia and Beyond
Authors: ProcháZka Stephan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the overwhelming majority of Arabic dialects, and even in Modern Standard Arabic, the nominal feminine suffix /-at/ is pronounced without the final /-t/ unless it is in the construct state. This common development has apparently not—or at least only partially—occurred in some bedouin-type dialects of Arabia, particularly those of the Shammar confederation. This fact was discussed in a recent article by M. van Putten, who proposed the unusual sound shift *-t → -y to explain the Shammari pausal forms. This article challenges this view by discussing additional data from narratives and concludes that Shammari Arabic most likely took part in the usual development of Arabic. In the second part, dialects other than Shammari are analysed. These dialects either show a complete retention of /-t/ in feminine singular nouns in the absolute state except in pause, or a further development in which this phenomenon is restricted to noun-adjective phrases. In the conclusion it is argued that not all instances of the retention of /-t/ are archaic residues but in some cases are most prob-ably later innovations.
The H α star formation main sequence in cluster and field galaxies at z ∼ 1.6
Authors: Nantais Julie , Wilson Gillian , Muzzin Adam , Old Lyndsay J , Demarco Ricardo , Cerulo Pierluigi , Balogh Michael , Rudnick Gregory , Chan Jeffrey , Cooper M C , Forrest Ben , Hayden Brian , Lidman Chris , Noble Allison , Perlmutter Saul , Rhea Carter , Surace Jason , van der Burg Remco , van Kampen Eelco 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We calculate H α-based star formation rates and determine the star formation rate–stellar mass relation for members of three Spitzer Adaptation of the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey (SpARCS) clusters at z ∼ 1.6 and serendipitously identified field galaxies at similar redshifts to the clusters. We find similar star formation rates in cluster and field galaxies throughout our range of stellar masses. The results are comparable to those seen in other clusters at similar redshifts, and consistent with our previous photometric evidence for little quenching activity in clusters. One possible explanation for our results is that galaxies in our z ∼ 1.6 clusters have been accreted too recently to show signs of environmental quenching. It is also possible that the clusters are not yet dynamically mature enough to produce important environmental quenching effects shown to be important at low redshift, such as ram-pressure stripping or harassment.
The degeneracy between primordial non-Gaussianity and foregrounds in 21 cm intensity mapping experiments
Authors: Cunnington Steven , Camera Stefano , Pourtsidou Alkistis 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Potential evidence for primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) is expected to lie in the largest scales mapped by cosmological surveys. Forthcoming 21 cm intensity mapping experiments will aim to probe these scales by surveying neutral hydrogen (H i) within galaxies. However, foreground signals dominate the 21 cm emission, meaning foreground cleaning is required to recover the cosmological signal. The effect this has is to damp the H i power spectrum on the largest scales, especially along the line of sight. Whilst there is agreement that this contamination is potentially problematic for probing PNG, it is yet to be fully explored and quantified. In this work, we carry out the first forecasts on fNL that incorporate simulated foreground maps that are removed using techniques employed in real data. Using an Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis on an SKA1-MID-like survey, we demonstrate that foreground cleaned data recovers biased values [$f_{\rm NL}= -102.1_{-7.96}^{+8.39}$ (68 per cent CL)] on our fNL = 0 fiducial input. Introducing a model with fixed parameters for the foreground contamination allows us to recover unbiased results ($f_{\rm NL}= -2.94_{-11.9}^{+11.4}$). However, it is not clear that we will have sufficient understanding of foreground contamination to allow for such rigid models. Treating the main parameter $k_\parallel ^\text{FG}$ in our foreground model as a nuisance parameter and marginalizing over it, still recovers unbiased results but at the expense of larger errors ($f_{\rm NL}= 0.75^{+40.2}_{-44.5}$), which can only be reduced by imposing the Planck 2018 prior. Our results show that significant progress on understanding and controlling foreground removal effects is necessary for studying PNG with H i intensity mapping.
Impact of relativistic effects on the primordial non-Gaussianity signature in the large-scale clustering of quasars
Authors: Wang Mike (Shengbo) , Beutler Florian , Bacon David 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Relativistic effects in clustering observations have been shown to introduce scale-dependent corrections to the galaxy overdensity field on large scales, which may hamper the detection of primordial non-Gaussianity fNL through the scale-dependent halo bias. The amplitude of relativistic corrections depends not only on the cosmological background expansion, but also on the redshift evolution and sensitivity to the luminosity threshold of the tracer population being examined, as parametrized by the evolution bias be and magnification bias s. In this work, we propagate luminosity function measurements from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) to be and s for the quasar (QSO) sample, and thereby derive constraints on relativistic corrections to its power spectrum multipoles. Although one could mitigate the impact on the fNL signature by adjusting the redshift range or the luminosity threshold of the tracer sample being considered, we suggest that, for future surveys probing large cosmic volumes, relativistic corrections should be forward modelled from the tracer luminosity function including its uncertainties. This will be important to quasar clustering measurements on scales $k \sim 10^{-3}\, h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ in upcoming surveys such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), where relativistic corrections can overwhelm the expected fNL signature at low redshifts z ≲ 1 and become comparable to fNL ≃ 1 in the power spectrum quadrupole at redshifts z ≳ 2.5.
Nuclear burning in collapsar accretion discs
Authors: Zenati Yossef , Siegel Daniel M , Metzger Brian D , Perets Hagai B 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The core collapse of massive, rapidly-rotating stars are thought to be the progenitors of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRB) and their associated hyperenergetic supernovae (SNe). At early times after the collapse, relatively low angular momentum material from the infalling stellar envelope will circularize into an accretion disc located just outside the black hole horizon, resulting in high accretion rates necessary to power a GRB jet. Temperatures in the disc mid-plane at these small radii are sufficiently high to dissociate nuclei, while outflows from the disc can be neutron-rich and may synthesize r-process nuclei. However, at later times, and for high progenitor angular momentum, the outer layers of the stellar envelope can circularize at larger radii ≳ 107 cm, where nuclear reactions can take place in the disc mid-plane (e.g. 4He + 16O → 20Ne + γ). Here we explore the effects of nuclear burning on collapsar accretion discs and their outflows by means of hydrodynamical α-viscosity torus simulations coupled to a 19-isotope nuclear reaction network, which are designed to mimic the late infall epochs in collapsar evolution when the viscous time of the torus has become comparable to the envelope fall-back time. Our results address several key questions, such as the conditions for quiescent burning and accretion versus detonation and the generation of 56Ni in disc outflows, which we show could contribute significantly to powering GRB SNe. Being located in the slowest, innermost layers of the ejecta, the latter could provide the radioactive heating source necessary to make the spectral signatures of r-process elements visible in late-time GRB-SNe spectra.
A search for star clusters in the outskirts of the Large Magellanic Cloud: indication of clusters in the age gap
Authors: Gatto M , Ripepi V , Bellazzini M , Cignoni M , Cioni M-R L , Dall’Ora M , Longo G , Marconi M , Schipani P , Tosi M 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The YMCA (Yes, Magellanic Clouds Again) and STEP (The SMC in Time: Evolution of a Prototype interacting late-type dwarf galaxy) projects are deep g, i photometric surveys carried out with the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) and devoted to study the outskirts of the Magellanic System. A main goal of YMCA and STEP is to identify candidate stellar clusters and complete their census out to the outermost regions of the Magellanic Clouds. We adopted a specific overdensity search technique coupled with a visual inspection of the colour–magnitude diagrams to select the best candidates and estimate their ages. To date, we analysed a region of 23 square degrees in the outskirts of the Large Magellanic Cloud, detecting 85 candidate cluster candidates, 16 of which have estimated ages falling in the so-called age gap. We use these objects together with literature data to gain insight into the formation and interaction history of the Magellanic Clouds.
Recent progress in reactivity study and synthetic application of N-heterocyclic phosphorus hydrides
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Yang Jin-Dong , Cheng Jin-Pei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
N-heterocyclic phosphines (NHPs) have recently emerged as a new group of promising catalysts for metal-free reductions, owing to their unique hydridic reactivity. The excellent hydricity of NHPs, which rivals or even exceeds those of many metal-based hydrides, is the result of hyperconjugative interactions between the lone-pair electrons on N atoms and the adjacent σ*(P–H) orbital. Compared with the conventional protic reactivity of phosphines, this umpolung P–H reactivity leads to hydridic selectivity in NHP-mediated reductions. This reactivity has therefore found many applications in the catalytic reduction of polar unsaturated bonds and in the hydroboration of pyridines. This review summarizes recent progress in studies of the reactivity and synthetic applications of these phosphorus-based hydrides, with the aim of providing practical information to enable exploitation of their synthetically useful chemistry.
Cloud–cloud collision in the Galactic Center Arc
Authors: Tsuboi Masato , Kitamura Yoshimi , Uehara Kenta , Miyawaki Ryosuke , Tsutsumi Takahiro , Miyazaki Atsushi , Miyoshi Makoto 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We performed a search of cloud–cloud collision (CCC) sites in the Sagittarius A molecular cloud (SgrAMC) based on the survey observations using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope in the C32S J = 1–0 and SiO v = 0 J = 2–1 emission lines. We found candidates abundant in shocked molecular gas in the Galactic Center Arc (GCA). One of them, M0.014−0.054, is located in the mapping area of our previous ALMA mosaic observation. We explored the structure and kinematics of M0.014−0.054 in the C32S J = 2–1, C34S J = 2–1, SiO v = 0 J = 2–1, H13CO+J = 1–0, and SO N, J = 2, 2–1, 1 emission lines and fainter emission lines. M0.014−0.054 is likely formed by the CCC between the vertical molecular filaments (the “vertical part,” or VP) of the GCA, and other molecular filaments along Galactic longitude. The bridging features between these colliding filaments on the PV diagram are found, which are the characteristics expected in CCC sites. We also found continuum compact objects in M0.014−0.054, which have no counterpart in the H42α recombination line. They are detected in the SO emission line, and would be “hot molecular cores” (HMCs). Because the local thermodynamic equilibrium mass of one HMC is larger than the virial mass, it is bound gravitationally. This is also detected in the CCS emission line. The embedded star would be too young to ionize the surrounding molecular cloud. The VP is traced by a poloidal magnetic field. Because the strength of the magnetic field is estimated to be ∼mgauss using the Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, the VP is supported against fragmentation. The star formation in the HMC of M0.014−0.054 is likely induced by the CCC between the stable filaments, which may be a common mechanism in the SgrAMC.
Waiting in Pain II: An Updated Review of the Provision of Persistent Pain Services in Australia
Authors: Hogg Malcolm N , Kavanagh Anthony , Farrell Michael J , Burke Anne L J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
To provide an update on Australian persistent pain services (number, structure, funding, wait times, activity).

Methods
An updated national search was conducted. Of those identified, 74 persistent pain services provided detailed responses between July 2016 and February 2018 (64 adult, seven pediatric, two pelvic pain, and one cancer pain). A similar structure to the original Waiting in Pain (WIP) survey was used, and participants chose online or telephone completion.

Results
Pediatric pain services had more than doubled but remained limited. Adult services had also increased, with a concurrent decrease in median wait times and an increase in the number of new referrals seen each year. Despite this, some lengthy wait times (≥3 years) persisted. Wait times were longest at clinics using public or combined funding models and offering pain management group programs (PMGPs). Although clinical activity had increased, medical staffing had not, suggesting that clinics were operating differently. Privately funded clinics performed more procedures than publicly funded services. Use of PMGPs had increased, but program structure remained diverse.

Conclusions
Specialist pain services have expanded since the original WIP survey, facilitating treatment access for many. However, wait time range suggested that the most disadvantaged individuals still experienced the longest wait times, often far exceeding the recommended 6-month maximum wait. More needs to be done. Numerous developments (e.g., National Strategic Action Plan for Pain Management, health system changes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic) will continue to influence the delivery of pain services in Australia, and repeated analysis of service structures and wait times will optimize our health system response to the management of this condition.
The Area of Pressure-Induced Referred Pain Is Dependent on the Intensity of the Suprathreshold Stimulus: An Explorative Study
Authors: Palsson Thorvaldur Skuli , Boudreau Shellie Ann , Ortiz Lucas María , Bravo Esteban-Herreros Elisabeth , Garrigós-Pedrón Miriam , Herrero Pablo , Doménech-García Víctor 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the pain referral area (number of pixels) and extent (vector length) as elicited from increasing intensities of pressure-induced pain at the shoulder.

Design
Cross-sectional design.

Setting
Clinical laboratory setting.

Participants
Twenty-two healthy men and women participated in two experimental sessions.

Methods
Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) was induced in the dominant shoulder and assessed 24 hours later. Participants rated the level of DOMS on a 6-point Likert scale. Four different intensities (pressure pain threshold [PPT]+20%, PPT+30%, PPT+40%, and PPT+50%) were applied to the infraspinatus in a randomized, balanced fashion for 60 seconds from low to high intensity or vice versa. The resulting location, area, and extent of referred pain as drawn by the participants on a digital body chart were extracted and expressed in pixels. The extent of pain was defined as the vector length extending from the ipsilateral earlobe to the most distal location of the pain.

Results
The referred pain area from PPT+20% was smaller than PPT+30%, PPT+40%, and PPT+50%. The extent of referred pain did not differ between the pressure pain intensities.

Conclusions
Pressure intensity at PPT+30%, but no more, produces the greatest referred pain area as compared with the traditional pressure intensity of PPT+20%. Thus, the intensity of PPT+30% may be ideal for exploring the mechanisms of referred pain. The extent of the pain represents an independent expression of the intensity of the provoking stimulus and may be more closely related to the location of the stimulus.