bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deacetylase-independent function of SIRT6 couples GATA4 transcription factor and epigenetic activation against cardiomyocyte apoptosis
Authors: Peng Linyuan , Qian Minxian , Liu Zuojun , Tang Xiaolong , Sun Jie , Jiang Yue , Sun Shimin , Cao Xinyue , Pang Qiuxiang , Liu Baohua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSIRT6 deacetylase activity improves stress resistance via gene silencing and genome maintenance. Here, we reveal a deacetylase-independent function of SIRT6, which promotes anti-apoptotic gene expression via the transcription factor GATA4. SIRT6 recruits TIP60 acetyltransferase to acetylate GATA4 at K328/330, thus enhancing its chromatin binding capacity. In turn, GATA4 inhibits the deacetylase activity of SIRT6, thus ensuring the local chromatin accessibility via TIP60-promoted H3K9 acetylation. Significantly, the treatment of doxorubicin (DOX), an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic, impairs the SIRT6–TIP60–GATA4 trimeric complex, blocking GATA4 acetylation and causing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. While GATA4 hyperacetylation-mimic retains the protective effect against DOX, the hypoacetylation-mimic loses such ability. Thus, the data reveal a novel SIRT6–TIP60–GATA4 axis, which promotes the anti-apoptotic pathway to prevent DOX toxicity. Targeting the trimeric complex constitutes a new strategy to improve the safety of DOX chemotherapy in clinical application.
Understanding the paradoxical mechanical response of in-phase A-tracts at different force regimes
Authors: Marin-Gonzalez Alberto , Pastrana Cesar L , Bocanegra Rebeca , Martín-González Alejandro , Vilhena J G , Pérez Rubén , Ibarra Borja , Aicart-Ramos Clara , Moreno-Herrero Fernando 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A-tracts are A:T rich DNA sequences that exhibit unique structural and mechanical properties associated with several functions in vivo. The crystallographic structure of A-tracts has been well characterized. However, the mechanical properties of these sequences is controversial and their response to force remains unexplored. Here, we rationalize the mechanical properties of in-phase A-tracts present in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome over a wide range of external forces, using single-molecule experiments and theoretical polymer models. Atomic Force Microscopy imaging shows that A-tracts induce long-range (∼200 nm) bending, which originates from an intrinsically bent structure rather than from larger bending flexibility. These data are well described with a theoretical model based on the worm-like chain model that includes intrinsic bending. Magnetic tweezers experiments show that the mechanical response of A-tracts and arbitrary DNA sequences have a similar dependence with monovalent salt supporting that the observed A-tract bend is intrinsic to the sequence. Optical tweezers experiments reveal a high stretch modulus of the A-tract sequences in the enthalpic regime. Our work rationalizes the complex multiscale flexibility of A-tracts, providing a physical basis for the versatile character of these sequences inside the cell.
Impact of Physical Training Programs on Physical Fitness in People With Class II and III Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pazzianotto-Forti Eli Maria , Moreno Marlene Aparecida , Plater Emma , Baruki Silvia Beatriz Serra , Rasera-Junior Irineu , Reid W Darlene 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhysical training, regardless of the presence of concurrent weight loss, provides numerous health benefits for individuals who are overweight and obese and have or are at risk for cardiovascular disease.PurposeThe purpose of this review was to identify different types of physical training programs (aerobic, resistance, or combined), with or without counseling/diet modifications, and their impact on physical fitness in individuals who have class II and III obesity.Data SourcesMedline and Medline In-Process, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and PubMed were searched up to June 2017.Study SelectionThis review had the following inclusion criteria: body mass index of ≥35 kg/m2 and age 18 years or older; supervised physical training program; randomized controlled trial; physical fitness outcome (muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and/or flexibility); in English or Portuguese; and available full-text article.Data ExtractionThree reviewers independently extracted data, assessed study risk of bias using the Cochrane tool, and discussed disagreements until consensus was reached.Data SynthesisOf the 9460 identified articles, 26 were included and 8 were used in a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed improvements in walking speed and maximal oxygen uptake but not knee extension strength in the intervention groups. The Cochrane risk-of-bias score indicated that the majority of the data were from randomized controlled trials with a low or unclear risk of bias.LimitationsThe large variability of outcomes and interventions made comparisons difficult.ConclusionsA combination of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, in addition to diet modifications, may improve cardiovascular and muscular endurance in individuals with class II and III obesity. However, conclusions must be interpreted with caution because of the heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures among the studies and an unclear risk of bias in several studies.
A laboratory study on the effects of wind turbine noise on sleep: results of the polysomnographic WiTNES study
Authors: Smith Michael G , Ögren Mikael , Thorsson Pontus , Hussain-Alkhateeb Laith , Pedersen Eja , Forssén Jens , Ageborg Morsing Julia , Persson Waye Kerstin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Assess the physiologic and self-reported effects of wind turbine noise (WTN) on sleep.

Methods
Laboratory sleep study (n = 50 participants: n = 24 living close to wind turbines and n = 26 as a reference group) using polysomnography, electrocardiography, salivary cortisol, and questionnaire endpoints. Three consecutive nights (23:00–07:00): one habituation followed by a randomized quiet Control and an intervention night with synthesized 32 dB LAEq WTN. Noise in WTN nights simulated closed and ajar windows and low and high amplitude modulation depth.

Results
There was a longer rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency (+16.8 min) and lower amount of REM sleep (−11.1 min, −2.2%) in WTN nights. Other measures of objective sleep did not differ significantly between nights, including key indicators of sleep disturbance (sleep efficiency: Control 86.6%, WTN 84.2%; wakefulness after sleep onset: Control 45.2 min, WTN 52.3 min; awakenings: Control n = 11.4, WTN n = 11.5) or the cortisol awakening response. Self-reported sleep was consistently rated as worse following WTN nights, and individuals living close to wind turbines had worse self-reported sleep in both the Control and WTN nights than the reference group.

Conclusions
Amplitude-modulated continuous WTN may impact on self-assessed and some aspects of physiologic sleep. Future studies are needed to generalize these findings outside of the laboratory and should include more exposure nights and further examine possible habituation or sensitization.
An emergent clade of SARS-CoV-2 linked to returned travellers from Iran
Authors: Eden John-Sebastian , Rockett Rebecca , Carter Ian , Rahman Hossinur , de Ligt Joep , Hadfield James , Storey Matthew , Ren Xiaoyun , Tulloch Rachel , Basile Kerri , Wells Jessica , Byun Roy , Gilroy Nicky , O’Sullivan Matthew V , Sintchenko Vitali , Chen Sharon C , Maddocks Susan , Sorrell Tania C , Holmes Edward C , Dwyer Dominic E , Kok Jen ,   for the 2019-nCoV Study Group, Donovan Linda , Kumar Shanil , Tran Tyna , Ko Danny , Ngo Christine , Sivaruban Tharshini , Timms Verlaine , Lam Connie , Gall Mailie , Gray Karen-Ann , Sadsad Rosemarie , Arnott Alicia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has rapidly spread outside China with major outbreaks occurring in Italy, South Korea, and Iran. Phylogenetic analyses of whole-genome sequencing data identified a distinct SARS-CoV-2 clade linked to travellers returning from Iran to Australia and New Zealand. This study highlights potential viral diversity driving the epidemic in Iran, and underscores the power of rapid genome sequencing and public data sharing to improve the detection and management of emerging infectious diseases.
Therapeutic Mammoplasty and Dermal Flap: A Novel Hybrid Approach for Chest Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Khalil Haitham H. , Kalkat Maninder 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Breast reduction techniques in management of breast cancer have been described since 1980 mainly to resect a large tumor in large breasts. Driven by the demand for more aesthetically acceptable results without compromising oncological safety, these oncoplastic approaches have become more popular. In addition, the utilization of redundant lower pole dermal flap has been a widely practiced tool in the armamentarium of implant-based breast reconstruction in patients with large ptotic breasts. The authors advocate a novel hybrid technique utilizing both therapeutic mammoplasty and lower breast pole dermal flap to provide coverage for anterior chest wall defect posttumor resection in patients with large or ptotic breasts.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent chest wall resection and reconstruction using therapeutic mammoplasty and dermal flap to provide soft tissue coverage in the period between 2012 and 2018. Patient’s demographics, clinicopathological, radiological, operative details, postoperative morbidity, and follow-up data were recorded.

Results:
Nine patients with chondrosarcoma (7/9) and giant cell tumor (2/9) were managed with a mean age 44.1 years (range 28–73). Complete oncological resection was achieved in all patients followed by rigid/nonrigid skeletal reconstructions. All procedures were completed successfully with no nipple areolar complex (NAC) necrosis or prosthesis failure experienced during the follow-up period (range 12–72 months). Excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes were reported in all patients.

Conclusion:
The authors’ results demonstrate that this technique could be safely planned for soft tissue coverage postchest wall resection with superior aesthetic and durable outcomes.
National Survey of US Plastic Surgeon Experience with Female Genital Mutilation
Authors: Calvert Catherine , Nathan Shelby , Sakers Alexander , Akinbiyi Takintope , Percec Ivona 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a growing problem in the United States, with the past few decades showing a dramatic increase in prevalence. This study aims to understand the plastic surgeon experience with FGM and inform preparedness for this rising problem.

Methods:
A 26-question survey was developed and electronically distributed to a random cohort of 2,508 active American Society of Plastic Surgeons members. It was sent three times over a 3-week period in 2018. χ2 statistical tests were used to analyze outcomes, assuming a P < 0.05 level for statistical significance.

Results:
There was a 7% survey response rate (n=180). Demographic profiles reflected a range of practice types, geographical distribution, and years of experience. Ninety-five percent of respondents had heard of FGM (n=169). Sixty-seven percent were aware that surgical reconstructive options exist for FGM (n=115), with only 5% reporting any formal training on the topic (n=10). Only 13.6% of those surveyed felt prepared to care for a woman with FGM (n=23).

Conclusions:
After surveying plastic surgeons, responses demonstrate that while the majority are familiar with FGM, very few are comfortable or prepared for the care and surgical management of this patient population. Although this study is limited by a low response rate, we believe that the results reflect an existing knowledge gap and demonstrate the need for formal training. This may help to bridge this gap and prepare surgeons to care for this population.
Reduction Mammaplasty in a Patient with Kniest Dysplasia: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Cuellar Trajan A. , Erdmann-Sager Jessica 
Published: March 2020

Summary:
Collagen plays a fundamental role in wound healing and consequently defective collagen can impair normal wound healing processes. Kniest dysplasia (KD) is a collagenopathy that results from a pathogenic mutation in a gene that codes for type II collagen. Clinical manifestations of the dysplasia include short-trunk dwarfism, kyphoscoliosis, hand arthropathy, cleft palate, hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities. We present the case of a 21-year-old woman who desired reduction mammaplasty. A review of the literature was performed, and there were no published reports of any plastic surgery procedures in patients with KD. The patient proceeded with surgery and healed without any complications. Given that wound healing appears normal in this patient population, it is reasonable to consider elective plastic surgical procedures in patients with KD.
Breast Reconstruction with a Lateral Breast Free Flap: A New Application of Breast-sharing
Authors: Lopez Carlos E. , Caicedo Jose J. , Pizano Alejandro , Hoyos María E. 
Published: March 2020

Summary:
Breast reconstruction using contralateral autologous tissue, also known as breast sharing, is a viable option previously described in the literature, whereby flaps based on perforators of the internal mammary artery (internal mammary artery pedicle) are used. We report a postoncological breast reconstruction case using a microvascular flap taken from the lateral pole of the contralateral breast. We highlight the importance of preserving the medial pole of the donor breast for improving cosmesis, avoiding symmastia, and preserving the intermammary sulcus, as a difference with flaps based on the internal mammary artery pedicle flaps. Breast sensation could be recovered by neurotization of the lateral intercostal nerve, which may be included in the contralateral breast flap to be transferred. Contralateral breast free flaps could be an alternative to reconstruct the breast in selected patients. Oncological risk factors are discussed. Advances in genetic testing and tumor cell biology could help us to select the accurate candidates for this reconstructive technique.
Therapeutic Reversal of Radiotherapy Injury to Pro-fibrotic Dysfunctional Fibroblasts In Vitro Using Adipose-derived Stem Cells
Authors: Shukla Lipi , Luwor Rodney , Ritchie Matthew E. , Akbarzadeh Shiva , Zhu Hong-Jian , Morrison Wayne , Karnezis Tara , Shayan Ramin 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Cancer patients often require radiotherapy (RTx) to enhance their survival. Unfortunately, RTx also damages nearby healthy non-cancer tissues, leading to progressive fibrotic soft-tissue injury, consisting of pain, contracture, tissue-breakdown, infection, and lymphoedema. Mechanisms underlying the clinically observed ability of fat grafting to ameliorate some of these effects, however, are poorly understood. It was hypothesized that RTx significantly alters fibroblast cell function and the paracrine secretome of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) may mitigate these changes.

Methods:
To investigate cellular changes resulting in the fibrotic side-effects of RTx, cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) were irradiated (10Gy), then studied using functional assays that reflect key fibroblast functions, and compared with unirradiated controls. RNA-Seq and targeted microarrays (with specific examination of TGFβ) were performed to elucidate altered gene pathways. Finally, conditioned-media from ADSC was used to treat irradiated fibroblasts and model fat graft surgery.

Results:
RTx altered NHDF morphology, with cellular functional changes reflecting transition into a more invasive phenotype: increased migration, adhesion, contractility, and disordered invasion. Changes in genes regulating collagen and MMP homeostasis and cell-cycle progression were also detected. However, TGFβ was not identified as a key intracellular regulator of the fibroblast response. Finally, treatment with ADSC-conditioned media reversed the RTx-induced hypermigratory state of NHDF.

Conclusions:
Our findings regarding cellular and molecular changes in irradiated fibroblasts help explain clinical manifestations of debilitating RTx-induced fibrosis. ADSC-secretome-mediated reversal indicated that these constituents may be used to combat the devastating side-effects of excessive unwanted fibrosis in RTx and other human fibrotic diseases.
Effective Secondary Reconstruction of Refractory Urethrocutaneous Fistula after Metoidioplasty Using Folded Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap
Authors: Hattori Yoshitsugu , Yamashita Shuji , Morishita Yuya , Iida Takuya 
Published: March 2020

Summary:
One of the primary goals of penile reconstruction for female-to-male transsexuals is to enable voiding while standing. Metoidioplasty represents a viable option, but it is associated with a high rate of postoperative fistula formation and recurrence, which affects the aesthetic and functional outcomes. Subsequent surgical repair using scarred and inadequate local tissue may contribute to fistula recurrence. The folded superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) island flap offers sufficient well-vascularized tissue and skin envelope for the reconstruction of the urethra and outer skin after failed metoidioplasty. The SCIP flap can be elevated as a hairless thin flap, making it useful in urethral reconstruction even when it is folded. We describe a case of a 44-year-old female-to-male transsexual patient who developed a refractory urethrocutaneous fistula after metoidioplasty. Surgical repairs were attempted using local tissue 4 times without success. The patient presented to our hospital, and we performed urethral reconstruction using a folded, pedicled SCIP flap for both urethra and skin augmentation. The postoperative course was uneventful, with satisfactory functional results and low donor-site morbidity. No fistula recurrence was observed during the 2 years of follow-up. This novel procedure offers a viable alternative technique for refractory urethrocutaneous fistula repair.
Community-based Implementation of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Recommended Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Youth at High Risk for HIV Infection in Los Angeles and New Orleans
Authors: Lee Sung-Jae , Ocasio Manuel A. , Goldbeck Cameron S. , Koussa Maryann , Comulada Warren Scott , Swendeman Dallas , Klausner Jeffrey D. , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We examined whether the implementation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's recommended screening of Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae with proactive follow-up among high-risk youth recruited from community and clinic settings reduced future C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae diagnoses. After the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's recommendations demonstrated a 41% decline in sexually transmitted infections; 3 tests in 1 year resulted in a 10% decline.
Differences in Safety Report Event Types Submitted by Graduate Medical Education Trainees Compared With Other Healthcare Team Members
Authors: Cohen Sarah P. , McLean Heather S. , Milne Judy , Parente Victoria 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
Graduate medical education (GME) trainees have a unique perspective from which to identify and report patient safety concerns. However, it is not known how safety reports submitted by GME trainees differ from those submitted by other clinical staff. We hypothesized that GME trainees were more likely to submit safety reports regarding transitions of care, delays in care, and lapses in communication, and reports of higher severity compared with other frontline staff such as nurses, pharmacists, and other providers.

Methods
Patient safety reports submitted by clinical staff for 1 year at an academic tertiary care children’s hospital were retrospectively reviewed and categorized by reporter type. Severity level and event type were analyzed by reporter type, and repeat χ2 tests were used to compare the percentage of reports at each severity level and in each event type submitted by GME trainees compared with each other reporter type.

Results
Graduate medical education trainees submitted reports of greater severity (level E/F/G) compared with nurses (10% versus 5%, P = 0.021) and pharmacists (10% versus 2%, P = 0.001). A greater percent of GME trainees’ reports were categorized as errors in transitions of care, diagnosis, ordering, laboratory collection, and care delays compared with several other reporter types.

Conclusions
Graduate medical education trainees identify system vulnerabilities not detected by other personnel, supporting efforts to increase safety reporting by GME trainees.
The Impact of Surgical Count Technology on Retained Surgical Items Rates in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Gunnar William , Soncrant Christina , Lynn Marilyn M. , Neily Julia , Tesema Yohannes , Nylander William 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
The aim of the study was to compare retained surgical item (RSI) rates for 137 Veterans Health Administration Surgery Programs with and without surgical count technology and the root cause analysis (RCA) for soft good RSI events between October 1, 2009 and December 31, 2016. A 2017 survey identified 46 programs to have independently acquired surgical count technology.

Methods
Retained surgical item rates were calculated by the sum of events (sharp, soft good, instrument) divided by the total procedures performed. The RCAs for RSI events were analyzed using codebooks for procedure type/location and root cause characterization.

Results
One hundred twenty-four RSI events occurred in 2,964,472 procedures for an overall RSI rate of 1/23,908 procedures. The RSI rates for 46 programs with surgical count technology were significantly higher in comparison with 91 programs without a surgical count technology system (1/18,221 versus 1/30,593, P = 0.0026). The RSI rates before and after acquiring the surgical count technology were not significantly different (1/17,508 versus 1/18,673, P = 0.8015). Root cause analyses for 42 soft good RSI events identified multiple associated disciplines (general surgery 26, urology 5, cardiac 4, neurosurgery 3, vascular 2, thoracic 1, gynecology 1) and locations (abdomen 26, thorax 7, retroperitoneal 4, paraspinal 2, extremity 1, pelvis 1, and head/neck 1). Human factors (n = 24), failure of policy/procedure (n = 21), and communication (n = 19) accounted for 64 (65%) of the 98 root causes identified.

Conclusions
Acquisition of surgical count technology did not significantly improve RSI rates. Soft good RSI events are associated with multiple disciplines and locations and the following dominant root causes: human factors, failure to follow policy/procedure, and communication.