bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procoagulant platelets: Laboratory detection and clinical significance
Authors: Tohidi‐Esfahani Ibrahim , Lee Christine S. M. , Liang Hai Po H. , Chen Vivien M. Y. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlatelets play a critical role in both haemostasis and thrombosis, and it is now evident that not all platelets behave the same when they are called to action. A functionally distinct subpopulation of platelets forms in response to maximal agonist stimulation: the procoagulant platelet. This platelet subpopulation is defined by its ability to expose phosphatidylserine on its surface, allowing for coagulation factor complexes to form and generate bursts of thrombin and fibrin to stabilize platelet clots. Reduced levels of procoagulant platelets have been linked to bleeding in Scott's syndrome and haemophilia A patients, and elevated levels have been demonstrated in many thrombotic disorders, including identifying patients at higher risk for stroke recurrence. One obstacle for incorporating an assay for measuring procoagulant platelets into clinical management algorithms is the lack of consensus on the exact definition and markers for this subpopulation. This review will outline the biological characteristics of procoagulant platelets and the laboratory assays currently used to identify them in research settings. It will summarize the findings of clinical research demonstrating the relevance of measuring the procoagulant platelet levels in patients and will discuss how an appropriate assay can be used to elucidate the mechanism behind the formation of this subpopulation, facilitating novel drug discovery to improve upon current outcomes in cardiovascular and other thrombotic disorders.
Laboratory approach to investigation of anemia with a focus on pyruvate kinase deficiency
Authors: Agarwal Archana M. , Rets Anton 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnemia is a major health burden worldwide and affects approximately one‐third of world's population. It is not a diagnosis; it is a manifestation of an underlying pathophysiology leading to either decreased hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), or red blood cells (RBCs). Iron deficiency anemia is still the most common cause of anemia worldwide. The symptoms are usually due to the underlying compensatory responses to decrease in oxygen delivery to the tissues. Laboratory investigation should start with complete blood count (CBC), reticulocyte count (RC), and peripheral smear evaluation. Further testing depends on these indices, that is, iron parameters and hemoglobinopathies/thalassemia evaluation in microcytic hypochromic anemia, vitamin B12, and folic acid level in macrocytic anemia. Increased RC denotes adequate bone marrow response and points toward hemolytic process and vice versa. Anemia diagnosis can be complex and confusing for the practicing physician. This review tries to give a practical simplistic approach to the diagnosis, focusing mainly on the basic parameters, that is, CBC, RC, and peripheral smear etc. Moreover, we have also tried to provide an update on the pyruvate kinase deficiency, as there has been recent exciting development in the management of these patients.
Understanding, comparing and learning from the four EPOCH early childhood obesity prevention interventions: A multi‐methods study
Authors: Seidler Anna Lene , Hunter Kylie E. , Johnson Brittany J. , Ekambareshwar Mahalakshmi , Taki Sarah , Mauch Chelsea E. , Mihrshahi Seema , Askie Lisa , Campbell Karen J. , Daniels Lynne , Taylor Rachael W. , Wen Li M. , Byrne Rebecca , Lawrence Julie , Perlstein Robyn , Wardle Karen , Golley Rebecca K. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundChildhood obesity is a global problem. Early obesity prevention interventions are complex and differ in effectiveness. Novel frameworks, taxonomies and experience from the Early Prevention of Obesity in CHildren (EPOCH) trials were applied to unpack interventions.Objectives
Deconstruct interventions into their components (target behaviours, delivery features and behaviour change techniques [BCTs]).
Identify lessons learned and future recommendations for intervention planning, delivery, evaluation and implementation.
MethodsThis multi‐methods study deconstructed the four EPOCH interventions into target behaviours, delivery features and BCTs from unpublished and published materials using systematic frameworks. Additionally, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with intervention facilitators and principal investigators.ResultsEach trial targeted between 10 and 14 obesity‐related behaviours. Key variations in delivery features related to intensity, delivery mode and tailoring. BCTs consistently used across trials included goal‐setting, social support, shaping knowledge, role‐modelling and credible source. Recommendations from interview analyses include the importance of stakeholder collaboration and consideration of implementation throughout the study process.ConclusionsThe combination of frameworks, methodologies and interviews used in this study is a major step towards understanding complex early obesity prevention interventions. Future work will link systematic intervention deconstruction with quantitative models to identify which intervention components are most effective and for whom.
Maternal parenting styles and ecological momentary assessment of maternal feeding practices and child food intake across middle childhood to early adolescence
Authors: Mason Tyler B. , Smith Kathryn E. , Dunton Genevieve F. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundMaternal parenting styles are salient trait‐based factors associated with pediatric obesity risk. The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations of maternal parenting styles and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) measures of maternal feeding practices and child food intake across middle childhood to early adolescence.MethodsMother‐child dyads (n = 186; M baseline child age = 10.03 ± 0.89) enrolled in a six‐wave bi‐annual longitudinal study. At baseline, mothers completed a self‐report measure of parenting styles. At each of the six waves, mothers and children completed EMA prompts of parenting practices and food intake, respectively, for eight days.ResultsChildren of mothers who reported a more permissive style consumed more pastries/sweets. Children of mothers who reported a more authoritative style decreased likelihood of pastry/sweets consumption with age, and children of mothers who reported a less authoritative style increased likelihood of pastry/sweets consumption with age. The likelihood of fruit/vegetable consumption decreased with age among children of mothers who reported a more authoritarian style, and the likelihood increased among children of mothers with a less authoritarian style. Mothers who either reported a more authoritarian style or a less authoritative style were more likely to report using food as a reward.DiscussionResults highlight the importance of maternal parenting styles in relation to child food intake and instrumental feeding.
Factors affecting job satisfaction among acute care nurses working in rural and urban settings
Authors: Yasin Yasin M. , Kerr Michael S. , Wong Carol A. , Bélanger Charles H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo: (a) identify the differences and similarities in the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that influence job satisfaction among nurses in urban and rural Ontario; and (b) determine the impact of job satisfaction on nurses’ turnover intention among nurses working in rural and urban settings in Ontario.DesignCross‐sectional correlational design was used for this study.MethodsData were collected between May 2019–July 2019 in southern Ontario. Participants (N=349) completed the Acute Care Nurses’ Job Satisfaction Scale and The Anticipated Turnover Scale. A stratified sampling technique was used for recruiting the sample population and participants were given the option to respond either online or by mailed survey.ResultsThere was no significant difference between rural and urban nurses in either overall job satisfaction level or turnover intention. Peer support/work conditions, quality of supervision, and achievement/job interest/responsibility were significant predictors of job satisfaction. There was a significant difference between rural and urban nurses in terms of satisfaction from benefits and job security and the nurses’ job satisfaction levels correlated negatively with their turnover intention.ConclusionSeveral extrinsic and intrinsic factors are associated with nurses’ job satisfaction in rural and urban settings. Developing strategies that improve satisfaction by modulating these specific factors may improve nurses’ job satisfaction and reduce turnover.ImpactThis study discussed how working in a rural or urban hospital may affect nurses’ job satisfaction and turnover intention. The findings can help in improving nurses’ job satisfaction and inform workforce planning to increase nurses’ retention.
Change fatigue in nurses: A qualitative study
Authors: McMillan Kim , Perron Amélie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo provide a conceptual update on change fatigue in nursing as it relates to rapid and continuous change implementation. This doctoral dissertation examined nurses’ experiences of rapid and continuous organizational change, with a core component of the study examining the concept of change fatigue.BackgroundChange fatigue is understood as the overwhelming feelings of stress, exhaustion and burnout fuelled by feelings of ambivalence and powerlessness associated with rapid and continuous change in the workplace. Change fatigue may cause workers to become withdrawn and greatly influences their decision to leave the workplace and even their profession. Little research to date has explored change fatigue in nurses.MethodsWere qualitative in nature.DesignA critical hermeneutic approach was used. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with 14 Registered Nurses. Open‐ended questions were used. Theoretical thematic analysis and inductive analysis of data were completed using Brown and Gilligan's voice‐centred relational method. The study spanned from 2015 ‐ 2018.ResultsNurses did experience many of the core elements of change fatigue noted in the non‐nursing literature, including exhaustion, apathy, powerlessness, and burnout. Two additional themes emerged pertaining to nurses’ understandings of why they were experiencing change fatigue. These themes included the intensification of nursing work and repeated and ongoing self‐sacrifice.ConclusionParticipants offered important insight into an emergent concept in the discipline of nursing.ImpactThe negative experiences associated with change fatigue are important for administrators and other stakeholders to recognize and acknowledge, as they must work to alleviate change fatigue in their institutions to preserve the well‐being of the nursing workforce. This knowledge is also important to nursing scholars, who may further research the topic and embed it into nursing curricula.
Targeting lipid droplet lysophosphatidylcholine for cisplatin chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Lumin , Ma Wen‐Lung , Cheng Wei‐Chung , Yang Juan‐Cheng , Wang Hsiao‐Ching , Su Yu‐Ting , Ahmad Azaj , Hung Yao‐Ching , Chang Wei‐Chun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aims to explore lipidic mechanism towards low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)‐mediated platinum chemotherapy resistance. By using the lipid profiling technology, LDLR knockdown was found to increase lysosomal lipids and decrease membranous lipid levels in EOC cells. LDLR knockdown also down‐regulated ether‐linked phosphatidylethanolamine (PE‐O, lysosomes or peroxisomes) and up‐regulated lysophosphatidylcholine [LPC, lipid droplet (LD)]. This implies that the manner of using Lands cycle (conversion of lysophospholipids) for LDs might affect cisplatin sensitivity. The bioinformatics analyses illustrated that LDLR‐related lipid entry into LD, rather than an endogenous lipid resource (eg Kennedy pathway), controls the EOC prognosis of platinum chemotherapy patients. Moreover, LDLR knockdown increased the number of platinum‐DNA adducts and reduced the LD platinum amount. By using a manufactured LPC‐liposome‐cisplatin (LLC) drug, the number of platinum‐DNA adducts increased significantly in LLC‐treated insensitive cells. Moreover, the cisplatin content in LDs increased upon LLC treatment. Furthermore, lipid profiles of 22 carcinoma cells with differential cisplatin sensitivity (9 sensitive vs 13 insensitive) were acquired. These profiles revealed low storage lipid levels in insensitive cells. This result recommends that LD lipidome might be a common pathway in multiple cancers for platinum sensitivity in EOC. Finally, LLC suppressed both cisplatin‐insensitive human carcinoma cell training and testing sets. Thus, LDLR‐platinum insensitivity can be due to a defective Lands cycle that hinders LPC production in LDs. Using lipidome assessment with the newly formulated LLC can be a promising cancer chemotherapy method.
Antiplatelet strategy in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A perspective from the guideline appraisal
Authors: Liu Menghui , Zhuang Xiaodong , Chen Xiaohong , Zhang Shaozhao , Yang Daya , Zhong Xiangbin , Xiong Zhenyu , Lin Yifen , Zhou Huimin , Fan Yongqiang , Xie Peihan , Huang Yiquan , Wang Lichun , Liao Xinxue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo appraise guidelines on the antiplatelet strategy of prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and highlight the consensuses and controversies to aid clinician decision‐making.Materials and MethodsA systematic search was carried out for guidelines regarding CVD prevention or focusing on type 2 diabetes patients. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument was utilized to appraise the quality of included guidelines.ResultsOf the 15 guidelines with discrepant Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II scores (66%; interquartile range 51–71%), 10 were defined as “strongly recommended” guidelines. For secondary prevention, >60% of guidelines advocated that the dual antiplatelet therapy was used within 12 months when the type 2 diabetes patients experienced acute coronary syndrome and/or post‐percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting, with subsequent long‐term aspirin use. For primary prevention, 80% of guidelines supported that aspirin should not be routinely used by patients with type 2 diabetes. No consensus on whether to prolong dual antiplatelet therapy in secondary prevention, and whether to use aspirin in type 2 diabetes patients with high CVD risk exists in current guidelines.ConclusionsPhysicians should use the recommendations from “strongly recommended” guidelines to make informed decisions and know the consensuses of current guidelines. Dual antiplatelet therapy should be used within 12 months when type 2 diabetes patients experience acute coronary syndrome and/or percutaneous coronary intervention/coronary artery bypass grafting, with subsequent long‐term aspirin use. In primary prevention, aspirin should not be routinely used by individuals with type 2 diabetes, but might be considered for those with high CVD risk.
Birth Outcomes Among Women Affected by Reproductive Coercion
Authors: Fay Kathryn E. , Yee Lynn M. 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionReproductive coercion is a form of intimate partner violence that includes behaviors that interfere with autonomous decision‐making over reproductive outcomes. Unintended pregnancy is associated with exposure to reproductive coercion; however, little is known about the outcomes of continued pregnancies. The purpose of this study is to assess whether women who reported reproductive coercion during their last pregnancy experienced differences in birth outcomes compared with women without contemporaneous reproductive coercion.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey study administered in obstetric and gynecologic offices. A survey comprised of standardized reproductive coercion, birth outcome, and intimate partner violence questions was given to English‐ or Spanish‐speaking women with at least one prior pregnancy. Self‐reported birth outcomes of interest included late or no prenatal care, low birth weight, prolonged neonatal hospitalization, preterm birth, and intrauterine fetal demise or neonatal death. Descriptive and bivariable comparisons were performed.ResultsOf 202 participants, 8.6% of women reported reproductive coercion during their last pregnancy. Women with a reported reproductive coercion history were younger, more likely to be a student, more likely to have anemia and anxiety at the time, and less likely to be married to the father of the incident pregnancy. Women with this history were more likely to express that they never wanted to be pregnant (29.4% vs 6.2%, P = .04), report other forms of intimate partner violence (35.3% vs 11.9%, P = .02), and have low‐birth‐weight neonates (17.6% vs 3.1%, P = .03). There were no observed differences in other birth outcomes. The response rate was 68%.DiscussionIn this exploratory study, women who reported reproductive coercion during their most recent completed pregnancy were more likely to report pregnancy ambivalence, other tactics of intimate partner violence, and low‐birth‐weight neonates. These data provide insight into the impact of violence on women's reproductive outcomes.
Developing the Premonitory Urges for Tic Disorders Scale–Revised (PUTS‐R)
Authors: Baumung Leoni , Müller‐Vahl Kirsten , Dyke Katherine , Jackson Georgina , Jackson Stephen , Golm Dennis , Münchau Alexander , Brandt Valerie 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPatients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) or chronic tic disorders frequently experience premonitory urges prior to tics. The ‘Premonitory Urges for Tic Disorders Scale’ (PUTS) is commonly used in order to assess urge severity in patients with tics. Several studies suggest that the PUTS might measure more than one dimension of urges. These include the quality and severity of premonitory urges.MethodsThis study aims to replicate and extend previous findings concerning the psychometric properties of the PUTS and its underlying dimensions in a large sample of 241 patients with GTS including both adults (n = 93; mean age = 34.2 ± 12.84; 73 male) and minors (n = 148; mean age = 11.8 ± 2.86; 123 male), pooled from three different recruitment sites.ResultsData analysis confirmed good reliability across the PUTS items for both minors and adults and acceptable item characteristics for items 2–8. A factor analysis of items 1–8 confirmed the existence of two factors in both age groups.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the PUTS might benefit from several further small modifications, such as rephrasing items 1 and 9 to increase convergence with the overall construct of the scale. Finally, we propose a revised version of the PUTS, consisting of two subscales: one for urge severity and another one for urge quality by including several new items.
Current situation and outcomes of pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome in Japan
Authors: Obata Soichiro , Tsuburai Taku , Shindo Ryosuke , Aoki Shigeru , Miyagi Etsuko , Sakakibara Hideya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimReports on pregnancy and delivery in women with Turner syndrome (TS) in Japan are limited to case reports, and the current situation remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the current situation of pregnancy and delivery in women with TS in Japan.MethodsOur study comprised primary and secondary surveys and we included perinatal centers approved by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.ResultsA total of 24 cases from 19 facilities were reported, and we obtained individual information for 20 cases from 16 facilities. Of these 20 patients, 13 (65%) had become pregnant via oocyte donation. Three of these patients had received oocyte donation in Japan, while the other 10 had received donations in foreign countries. The other seven patients became pregnant with their own oocyte, with spontaneous menarche. Live babies were delivered by 18 patients, while an induced abortion was required at 18 weeks of gestation in one patient and an intrauterine fetal death from an unknown cause was detected at 38 weeks of gestation in another patient. Cesarean section was performed in 14 patients, with the most frequent indication being cephalopelvic disproportion. The rate of implementation of screening for complications related to TS was low, suggesting insufficient cooperation between facilities responsible for TS treatment, infertility and pregnancy and delivery management.ConclusionTo improve pregnancy outcomes in women with TS, improved cooperation between facilities and laws regarding oocyte donation in Japan are needed.
Regime shifts in the effects of Japan’s unconventional monetary policies
Authors: Miyao Ryuzo , Okimoto Tatsuyoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractJapan is the country with the longest history of implementing unconventional monetary policies, which were first introduced more than fifteen years ago and have been expanded several times since then. This study attempts to assess the overall macroeconomic effects of Japan's unconventional monetary policies based on a stylized block‐recursive vector autoregression with a smooth transition. The results suggest that expansionary unconventional monetary policy shocks have clear macroeconomic effects, leading to a persistent rise in real output and inflation. In addition, we demonstrate that these macroeconomic effects have become more persistent for output as well as stronger and more persistent for inflation in recent years, including in the quantitative and qualitative monetary easing period.
Seeking excess returns under a posted price mechanism: Evidence from a peer‐to‐peer lending market
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Wei , Li Yuelei , Yin Shuxing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examines the performance of a new online peer‐to‐peer (P2P) lending platform in China that relies on non‐expert individuals to screen for loans. Using the bank deposit rate as a benchmark, positive excess returns exist under the posted price mechanism, which indicates that P2P markets provide lenders with adequate profit opportunities to compensate for investment risks. Moreover, we find that loans with higher excess returns are more likely to be funded and are bid on more quickly than other loans. Finally, voluntarily disclosed soft information in the listing's description plays a significant moderating role in the lenders’ decision‐making process. Borrowers who promise to repay on time are more likely to be funded and to be funded faster, but those who claim economic hardship have a lower probability of being funded. Our results provide evidence that lenders have the ability to seek excess returns in P2P lending markets and highlight that aggregating the views of peers can improve the market efficiency.