bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of oxidized cellulose on human respiratory mucosa and submucosa and its implications for endoscopic skull‐base approaches
Authors: Goldschmidt Ezequiel , Schneck Meghan , Gau David M. , Carey Lauren , Rasmussen Jorge , Ferreyro Bruno , Ajler Pablo , Snyderman Carl , Wang Eric , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan , Gardner Paul A. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundRegenerated oxidized cellulose (ROC) sheets have gained popularity as an adjunct to a vascularized nasoseptal flap for closure of dural defects after endoscopic endonasal skull‐base approaches (EESBS). However, evidence supporting its impact on the healing process is uncertain. This study was performed to evaluate the impact of ROC on the nasal mucosa and assess its effects on tissue pH, structure, and cell viability.MethodsIn 5 patients, a 1‐cm2 piece of ROC gauze was placed on the surface of the middle turbinate before it was resected as part of a standard EESBS. Mucosa treated with ROC was separated from untreated mucosa and a histologic examination of structural changes in the respiratory epithelium was performed. To assess the effect of ROC on pH, increasing amounts of ROC were added to culture medium. Nasal fibroblasts viability was assessed in the presence of ROC before and after the pH was neutralized.ResultsCompared with unexposed controls, treated mucosa exhibited a higher incidence of cell necrosis and epithelial cell detachment. When added to Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium, ROC caused a dose‐dependent decrease in pH of the medium. Only 1 ± 0.8% of cultured fibroblasts exposed to the ROC‐induced acidic medium were alive, whereas 98.25 ± 0.5% of the cells were viable when the pH was neutralized (p < 0.001).ConclusionROC applied in vivo to nasal mucosa induced epithelial necrosis likely by diminishing the medium pH, because pH neutralization prevents its effect. The ultimate effect of this material on the healing process is yet to be determined.
Risk factors for neo‐osteogenesis in cystic fibrosis and non‒cystic fibrosis chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Karempelis Peter , Karp Emily , Rubin Nathan , Hunter Ryan , Dunitz Jordan , Boyer Holly 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe purpose of this retrospective review was to determine how patient‐related factors and culture data affect neo‐osteogenesis in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with CRS.MethodsInformation from a database associated with a large tertiary medical center was used to assess adult patients with CF CRS and non‐CF CRS (total, n = 102; CF CRS, n = 31; non‐CF CRS, n = 71). Radiologic evidence of neo‐osteogenesis was measured using the Global Osteitis Scoring Scale (GOSS), and mucosal disease was assessed using the Lund‐Mackay score (LMS) by 2 independent reviewers who were blinded to the patient's disease state. Bacterial cultures were obtained endoscopically. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effect of age, sex, number of previous surgeries, CF, and culture species on the odds of neo‐osteogenesis.ResultsFifty‐one of the 102 patients (50%) met radiologic criteria for neo‐osteogenesis. Sixty‐nine patients (67.6%) with CF CRS and non‐CF CRS had culture data. In the multiple logistic regression model, male gender was significantly associated with neo‐osteogenesis (odds ratio [OR], 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68‐17.86; p = 0.006). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not associated with neo‐osteogenesis (OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 0.84‐12.80; p = 0.097). Age, number of surgeries, CF, Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus were not statistically significant.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study to assess risk factors associated with neo‐osteogenesis and patients with CF CRS. Interestingly, male gender was the only significant predictor of neo‐osteogenesis.
Therapeutic effects of Byrsocarpus coccineus root bark extract on bacterially and chemically induced diarrhea in the Wistar albino rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica)
Authors: Sunday Ejeh Augustine , Onyeyili Patrick Azubuike , Saganuwan Saganuwan Alhaji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiarrhea can be caused by pathogenic microorganisms and chemicals. In view of this, Byrsocarpus coccineus Schum and Thonn (Connaraceae) was used to treat diarrhea induced by castor oil or bacteria in Wistar albino rats.MethodsQualitative and quantitative analyses of an aqueous root back extract of B. coccineus were made and the acute toxicity, antidiarrhea properties, and in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of the extract were investigated in rats.ResultsThe phytochemical analysis of the root bark extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloid, saponins, tannins, and phenols. The quantitative analysis showed that saponins formed 10.6% of the extract, tannins 7.6%, flavonoids 6.2%, phenol 5.8% and alkaloids 4.4%. A dose limit of 5000 mg/kg was safe to use in the rats. At a dose of 100 mg/kg, the extract decreased distance travelled by activated charcoal in the gastrointestinal tract, frequency of defecation, and number of unformed faeces caused by castor oil‐induced diarrhea, and led to 74.96% inhibition of the diarrhea effects. Escherichia coli and Salmonella pullorum were susceptible to higher concentrations of the extract with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.3125 mg/mL. E. coli‐infected rats showed depression, weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea, and weakness, which was ameliorated by the extract on day 2 post treatment. Observed congestion, cellular infiltration and necrosis of the liver, intestine and kidney following infection were improved by the extract.ConclusionB. coccineus extract can be used in the treatment of anaemia, and castor oil‐ and E. coli‐induced diarrhea in rats.
Molecularly Engineered Macrophage‐Derived Exosomes with Inflammation Tropism and Intrinsic Heme Biosynthesis for Atherosclerosis Treatment
Authors: Wu Guanghao , Zhang Jinfeng , Zhao Qianru , Zhuang Wanru , Ding Jingjing , Zhang Chi , Gao Haijun , Pang Dai‐Wen , Pu Kanyi , Xie Hai‐Yan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases worldwide, and alleviating inflammation is a promising strategy for AS treatment. Here, we report molecularly engineered M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes (M2 Exo) with inflammation‐tropism and anti‐inflammatory capabilities for AS imaging and therapy. M2 Exo are derived from M2 macrophages and further electroporated with FDA‐approved hexyl 5‐aminolevulinate hydrochloride (HAL). After systematic administration, the engineered M2 Exo exhibit excellent inflammation‐tropism and anti‐inflammation effects via the surface‐bonded chemokine receptors and the anti‐inflammatory cytokines released from the anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages. Moreover, the encapsulated HAL can undergo intrinsic biosynthesis and metabolism of heme to generate anti‐inflammatory carbon monoxide and bilirubin, which further enhance the anti‐inflammation effects and finally alleviate AS. Meanwhile, the intermediate protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) of the heme biosynthesis pathway permits the fluorescence imaging and tracking of AS.
Dimensional Reduction of Cs2AgBiBr6: A 2D Hybrid Double Perovskite with Strong Polarization Sensitivity
Authors: Li Yaobin , Yang Tao , Xu Zhiyun , Liu Xitao , Huang Xiaoying , Han Shiguo , Liu Yi , Li Maofan , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBy dimensional reduction of the 3D motif of Cs2AgBiBr6, a lead‐free 2D hybrid double perovskite, (i‐PA)2CsAgBiBr7 (1, i‐PA=isopentylammonium), was successfully designed. It adopts a quantum‐confined bilayered structure with alternating organic and inorganic sheets. Strikingly, the unique 2D architecture endows it highly anisotropic nature of physical properties, including electric conductivity and optical absorption (the ratio αb/αc=1.9 at 405 nm). Such anisotropy attributes result in the strong polarization‐sensitive responses with large dichroic ratios up to 1.35, being comparable to some 2D inorganic materials. This is the first study on the hybrid double perovskites with strong polarization sensitivity. A crystal device of 1 also exhibits rapid response speed (ca. 200 μs) and excellent stabilities. The family of 2D hybrid double perovskites are promising optoelectronic candidates, and this work paves a new pathway for exploring new green polarization‐sensitive materials.
Investigation of physiochemical and rheological properties of waste cooking oil/SBS/EVA composite modified petroleum asphalt
Authors: Liu Shengjie , Zhou Shengbo , Peng Aihong , Li Wu 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe objective of this research is to investigate the physiochemical and rheological properties of waste cooking oil (WCO)/styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene/ethylene vinyl acetate (SBS/EVA) composite modified asphalt. A petroleum asphalt composite modified with SBS/EVA and oil/SBS/EVA were prepared to undergo the physical, rheological, and microscopic experiments. Comparing these tests results with the properties of unmodified petroleum asphalt, SBS and EVA cause an improvement in pavement performance, but weaken the storage stability. Although the high‐temperature performance undermined by the addition of WCO, the thermal stability, fatigue property, and low temperature crack resistance improved obviously. In addition, WCO mainly composed by low‐weight components, and these can supplement the light components in the polymer‐modified asphalt. EVA could increase the percentage of large molecular size of asphalt, while WCO relieves this trend. The reactions between WCO and these polymers (SBS and EVA) are physical reactions. Atomic force microscopy morphology results reflect that SBS and EVA increase the surface complexity and roughness, and WCO makes the asphalt surface smooth. This indicates WCO increases the dispersion of polymers in asphalt. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48828.
The role of desmosomes in the ear plug formation in the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus)
Authors: Rehorek Susan J. , Stimmelmayr Raphaela , George John Craig , Suydam Robert , McBurney Denise L. , Thewissen J. G. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe external acoustic meatus (EAM) of most baleen whales accumulates cellular debris annually in the lumen as whales age, forming a lamellated ear plug. The bowhead whale ear plug is formed from annually molting lining of the EAM as the entire epithelium releases at the level of the stratum basale during the spring migration. Epithelial regeneration is mostly completed by the fall migration, remaining intact for 6–7 months before being torn off the following spring. Desmosomes are integral to cell–cell adhesion with connecting desmosomal cadherins desmoglein (dsg) and desmocollin (dsc). Paraffin sections of the oral cavity and EAM lining of spring and fall adult bowhead whales, as well as the EAM of spring‐caught juvenile, were immunohistochemically examined for the presence of these cadherins. In all fall specimens, both cadherins occurred in all layers except the superficial keratinous layer of the oral cavity. In spring, three different conditions existed: (a) oral cavity of spring‐caught adults had reduced cadherins, with superficial fissuring in its keratinized layer and vacuolation in the upper stratum spinosum; (b) EAM of juvenile spring‐caught whales displayed fissuring with accompanying reduction of both cadherins in its superficial lining; and (c) EAM lining of spring‐caught adults displayed deep fissures, reduced cadherins, and absence of dsc1 in the fissuring zone. These results suggest that shedding of skin layers in mammals, whether normal molting, pathological, or the result of injury and wound repair all revolve around desmosome function. The specific role, structure, and location of these two cadherins need to be further addressed.
A matter of trust: Higher education institutions as information fiduciaries in an age of educational data mining and learning analytics
Authors: Jones Kyle M. L. , Rubel Alan , LeClere Ellen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHigher education institutions are mining and analyzing student data to effect educational, political, and managerial outcomes. Done under the banner of “learning analytics,” this work can—and often does—surface sensitive data and information about, inter alia, a student's demographics, academic performance, offline and online movements, physical fitness, mental wellbeing, and social network. With these data, institutions and third parties are able to describe student life, predict future behaviors, and intervene to address academic or other barriers to student success (however defined). Learning analytics, consequently, raise serious issues concerning student privacy, autonomy, and the appropriate flow of student data. We argue that issues around privacy lead to valid questions about the degree to which students should trust their institution to use learning analytics data and other artifacts (algorithms, predictive scores) with their interests in mind. We argue that higher education institutions are paradigms of information fiduciaries. As such, colleges and universities have a special responsibility to their students. In this article, we use the information fiduciary concept to analyze cases when learning analytics violate an institution's responsibility to its students.
A Supramolecular Electrolyte for Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Xie Jin , Li Bo‐Quan , Song Yun‐Wei , Peng Hong‐Jie , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Qiang Zhang. The cover picture exhibits the concept of a supramolecular electrolyte (SSE) in lithium metal batteries. Supramolecular organization affords the ion channel (represented by the bridge) towards the lithium metal electrode (represented by the flaring mountain). Structural units cucurbit[6]uril are shown as streetlights along the ion channel to enlighten Li+ (the vehicles) moving from/to the lithium metal electrode. With the supramolecular ion channel to connect the lithium electrode and to regulate the coordination environments, Li+ transportation is boosted, displaying high mobility in the electrolyte and comparable activity at the electrode–electrolyte interface. The supramolecular design of solid electrolyte not only affords an emerging family of electrolyte candidate for lithium metal batteries, but also inspires the mediation of ion transportation and interfacial properties in energy storage systems. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/batt.201900112.
Bioinformatic profiling identifies a platinum‐resistant–related risk signature for ovarian cancer
Authors: Wu Ce , He Linxiu , Wei Qian , Li Qian , Jiang Longyang , Zhao Lan , Wang Chunyan , Li Jianping , Wei Minjie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMost high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients develop resistance to platinum‐based chemotherapy and recur. Many biomarkers related to the survival and prognosis of drug‐resistant patients have been delved by mining databases; however, the prediction effect of single‐gene biomarker is not specific and sensitive enough. The present study aimed to develop a novel prognostic gene signature of platinum‐based resistance for patients with HGSOC. The gene expression profiles were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A total of 269 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with platinum resistance were identified (P < .05, fold change >1.5). Functional analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in apoptosis process, PI3K‐Akt pathway. Furthermore, we established a set of seven‐gene signature that was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in the test series. Compared with the low‐risk score group, patients with a high‐risk score suffered poorer OS (P < .001). The area under the curve (AUC) was found to be 0.710, which means the risk score had a certain accuracy on predicting OS in HGSOC (AUC > 0.7). Surprisingly, the risk score was identified as an independent prognostic indicator for HGSOC (P < .001). Subgroup analyses suggested that the risk score had a greater prognostic value for patients with grade 3‐4, stage III‐IV, venous invasion and objective response. In conclusion, we developed a seven‐gene signature relating to platinum resistance, which can predict survival for HGSOC and provide novel insights into understanding of platinum resistance mechanisms and identification of HGSOC patients with poor prognosis.
Knockdown of MAPK14 inhibits the proliferation and migration of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by downregulating the expression of CDC25B
Authors: Liu Junlong , Yu Xiuyue , Yu Hongyuan , Liu Bitian , Zhang Zhe , Kong Chuize , Li Zhenhua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), which plays an important role in DNA damage and repair, is activated by various environmental stress and proinflammatory cytokines. It is highly active in a variety of tumors, acting as a tumor promoter or suppressor, but its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not been elucidated. Cell division cycle 25B (CDC25B) is involved in cell cycle regulation and is highly expressed in many malignant tumors. The transcription levels of MAPK14 and CDC25B in 72 pairs of ccRCC and adjacent healthy tissues from the cancer genome atlas database and the protein expression levels in 66 pairs of clinical samples were analyzed in this study. After MAPK14 was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA), P‐MAPK14 and CDC25B protein levels decreased. Subsequently, Western blot and co‐immunoprecipitation demonstrated that P‐MAPK14 could bind to CDC25B, potentially maintaining its stability. The proliferation and migration of ccRCC cell lines were suppressed by siRNA knockdown of MAPK14, however, that could be partially reversed by the overexpression of CDC25B. These results suggest that downregulation of MAPK14 and P‐MAPK14 could inhibit the proliferation and migration of ccRCC by downregulating CDC25B.
Sectional Connective Tissue Technique Combined With an Emergence Profile Provisional for Gingival Margin Stabilization During Immediate Implant Placement: A Case Report With a 2‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Dixon Douglas R. , Yassin Alaa 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionLittle is known regarding maintaining free gingival margin stability after immediate implant placement. Therefore, we present a sequential technique incorporating a sectional connective tissue graft with an emergence tissue provisional to stabilize the free gingival margin position during immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone.Case PresentationA 57‐year‐old male was referred for assessment and treatment of a failing maxillary right central incisor. Clinical examination revealed poor retentive features, recurrent caries, and exposed endodontic material rendering a poor prognosis for the remaining tooth root system. After comprehensive evaluation, as well as understanding important patient case expectations, a decision was made to remove the existing tooth and place an immediate implant with a staged‐provisional approach. To maintain the free gingival mid‐facial height, a sectional‐connective tissue graft technique was used concurrently with a custom emergence profile provisional to stabilize the gingiva immediately post‐implant placement.ConclusionPatients undergoing implant replacement of failing anterior maxillary teeth are at risk of esthetic complications. Marginal stability of the facial gingival is an important component of establishing and maintaining the final esthetic outcome. In cases where the initial hard or soft tissue thickness may put the patient at risk, combining soft and hard tissue augmentation with attention to emergence profile provisionalization appears to aid in the initial stability of the buccal free gingival margin. This report details the steps associated with a sectional connective tissue technique combined with emergence profile provisonalization and characterizes the gingival stability up to 2.5 years obtained with this approach.
Is heart transplantation a valuable option in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis and primary cardiac involvement?
Authors: Turcotte‐Gosselin Frédéric , Turgeon Pierre Yves , Ikic Alena , Beaudoin Jonathan , Joubert Philippe , Dubois Michelle , Voisine Pierre , Sénéchal Mario 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSystemic sclerosis patients with primary cardiac involvement can be reliably diagnosed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and are associated with a poor prognosis. This case report highlights the importance of considering heart transplantation in those patients as a lifesaving procedure.
Effect of Building Block Transformation in Covalent Triazine‐Based Frameworks for Enhanced CO2 Uptake and Metal‐Free Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Jena Himanshu Sekhar , Krishnaraj Chidharth , Schmidt Johannes , Leus Karen , Van Hecke Kristof , Van Der Voort Pascal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Pascal Van Der Voort at the University of Ghent and colleagues at Technische Universität Berlin. The image depicts the covalent triazine frameworks reported in the manuscript for the sorption of CO2 and also in metal‐free catalysis. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201903926.
Switching of Two‐Photon Optical Properties by Anion Binding of Pyrrole‐Based Boron Diketonates through Conformation Change
Authors: Kita Hanayo , Yamakado Ryohei , Fukuuchi Risa , Konishi Tatsuki , Kamada Kenji , Haketa Yohei , Maeda Hiromitsu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo‐photon absorption (TPA) dyes with intense fluorescence can be used to detect small chemical species and as sensors and bioimaging probes for specific analytes. Various TPA dyes responding to a number of external stimuli have been reported. Among them, biologically important anionic species have not been used as agents to control TPA properties because their direct electronic influences on the transition dipole moments of dyes are typically small. In this study, dipyrrolyldiketone BF2 complexes substituted with π‐extended units exhibited efficient TPA properties that could be regulated by conformation changes induced by anion binding. The TPA intensity decreased to 1/5 of the original intensity upon anion binding, which was much larger than that observed for one‐photon absorption. Anion detection was achieved by a change in the emission intensity of spatially resolved spots of two‐photon‐excited fluorescence (TPEF) in the sample. Experimental and theoretical studies were performed to understand the mechanism of the TPA property control and showed that the drastic changes in the transition dipole moments upon conformation changes between the straight and bending forms of the π‐electronic systems caused the TPA and TPEF intensities drop.