bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STS, Post-truth, and the Rediscovery of Bullshit
Authors: Holman Bennett 
Published: October 2020

Post-truth politics has led to a number of prominent reflections on the extent to which the basic tenets of STS (social construction, the symmetry thesis, etc.) must be amended (Briggle 2016; Latour 2004; Sismondo 2017a). Alternatively, others have argued that the basic principles of STS should be maintained and the similarities of STS with post-truth should be embraced (Fuller 2016b; Woolgar 2017). After first critiquing other scholars read on post-truth politics, I argue that one of the central drawbacks of STS is the absence of epistemic grounds to identify people who are plainly bullshitters (Frankfurt 1986). I contend that the lesson that post-truth politics has to offer STS is that a minimal standard of an epistemological system is that it must have the intellectual resources to endorse the claim “Trump is full of shit.” Yet it is not clear how one could go about reconciling central STS tenets with the clear and present need to oppose dangerous trends in contemporary politics. Despite arguing that STS should change, I contend that it should not do so at the expense of what is distinctive and valuable about STS. After considering Steve Woolgar’s (2017) list of the strengths of STS scholarship I propose that with slight modification they can be preserved. As an example of an epistemology which does so, I introduce Helen Longino's critical contextual empiricism and then use it to analyze a case study of the recent FDA approval of flibanserin for hypoactive sexual desire disorder. I conclude by arguing that social epistemology, as developed in philosophy of science, is reconcilable with opposing post-truth politics and retains many of the primary virtues of STS.
Studi Fenomenologi Ruqyah Syar’iyyah Pengalaman Transformasi Kesehatan Mental Di Biro Konsultasi Psikologi Tazkia Salatiga
Authors: Harmuzi Harmuzi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRuqyah syari'iyyah is part of health psychotherapy in Islam, both jin disorders, mental disorders and even mental and physical treatments. This study aims to determine the experience of Ruqyah Shar'iyyah as a means of Mental Health Transformation. This research was conducted Clients in the “Biro Psikologi TAZKIA” Salatiga. The design of this study uses the study of Phenomenology. The sampling technique uses random sampling. Data collection tool in the form of questionnaires and field observations. The results of the study are ruqyah shar'iyyah giving positive experiences in the transformation of mental health. Therefore ruqyah syar'iyyah can be used as a means of assistance in handling clients who experience mental disorders. Abstrak Ruqyah syari’iyyah adalah bagian dari psikoterapi kesehatan dalam Islam baik untuk gangguan jin, gangguan mental bahkan fisik.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman ruqyah syar’iyyah sebagai sarana Transformasi Kesehatan Mental. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Klien Biro Konsultasi Psikologi Tazkia Salatiga. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan studi Fenomenologi. Teknik sampel menggunakan randomsampling. Alat pengumpulan data dalam bentuk kuesioner dan observasi lapangan. Hasil penelitian adalah ruqyah syar’iyyah memberi pengalaman postif dalam transformasi kesehatan mental. Oleh karena itu ruqyah syar’iyyah bisa digunakan sebagai sarna pendampingan dalam penangangan klien yang mengalami gangguan mental.
Analisis Kematangan Beragama dan Kepribadian serta Korelasi dan Kontribusinya terhadap Sikap Toleransi
Authors: Sabiq Ahmad Fikri 
Published: October 2020

Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine the level of religious maturity, personality maturity, and tolerance level, proving the relationship between research variables, the significance, contribution, and predictions of the research variables. This study uses a quantitative approach and the population of this study is the teacher at SD Plus Tahfizhul Quran (PTQ) Annida Salatiga. The results of this study are: (1) There is a significant positive relationship between religious maturity and tolerance. The relationship category is strong. The effective contribution is 9.95% and every 1% increase in the level of religious maturity, the attitude of tolerance will increase 0.724. (2) There is a significant positive relationship between personality maturity and tolerance. The relationship category is very strong. The effective contribution is 58.89% and every 1% increase in personality maturity level, the attitude of tolerance will increase 0.459. (3) There is a significant relationship between religious maturity and maturity with tolerance. The simultaneous contribution is 68.8%. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat kematangan beragama, kematangan kepribadian, dan tingkat toleransi, membuktikan hubungan antar variabel penelitian, signifikansi, kontribusi, dan prediksi dari variabel penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dimana guru di SD Plus Tahfizhul Quran (PTQ) Annida Salatiga menjadi respondennya. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Ada hubungan positif signifikan antara kematangan beragama dengan sikap toleransi dengan kategori hubungan yang kuat. Sumbangan efektifnya sebesar 9,95 % dan setiap penambahan 1% tingkat kematangan beragama, sikap toleransi akan meningkat 0,724. (2) Ada hubungan positif signifikan antara kematangan kepribadian dengan sikap toleransi dengan kategori hubungan sangat kuat. Sumbangan efektifnya sebesar 58,89 % dan setiap penambahan 1% tingkat kematangan kepribadian, maka sikap toleransi akan meningkat 0,459. (3) Ada hubungan signifikan antara kematangan beragama dan kematangan kepribadian dengan sikap toleransi. Kontribusi secara simultannya adalah 68,8%.
Polemik Pandemik Covid-19 dan Implikasinya Terhadap Kesehatan Jiwa
Authors: Mukniah Mukniah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract The debate about the issue of Covid-19 that was spread in the mass media into a polemic has not been resolved in the community. The Covid-19 virus was first reported on December 29, 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubai Province, China. Overall, not only does it have an impact on physical health aspects, the impact of shocks also impacts on mental health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the mental health condition resulting from the covid-19 coverage through the mass media. This pandemic must be understood as an opportunity for the community to actualize themselves into new things, in accordance with policies recommended by the government. So it does not cause emotional shocks which result in shocks to mental health.Abstrak Perdebatan mengenai isu Covid-19 yang tersebar di media massa menjadi polemik belum terselesaikan di masyarakat. Virus Covid-19 pertama kali dilaporkan pada 29 Desember 2019 di kota Wuhan, Propinsi Hubai, China. Secara keseluruhan, tidak hanya memberikan dampak pada aspek kesehatan fisik saja, akibat dari guncangan juga berimbas pada kesehatan jiwa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisa kondisi kesehatan jiwa yang diakibatkan dari pemberitaan covid-19 melalui media massa. Pandemi ini harus dipahami sebagai kesempatan bagi masyarakat untuk mengaktualisasikan diri ke dalam hal-hal baru, sesuai dengan kebijakan yang dianjurkan pemerintah. Sehingga tidak menimbulkan guncangan emosional yang mengakibatkan tekanan jiwa atau gangguan jiwa.
Regularities in the distribution of myocardial bridges over the branches of the coronary arteries
Authors: Dmitrieva E. G. , Yakimov A. A. 
Published: October 2020

The article highlights peculiarities of localization of myocardial bridges. It is believed that the coronary arteries and their branches are located in the subepicardial tissue. However, some researchers describe cases of intramural localization of their sections. Myocardial bridges – a set of fibers of the ventricular myocardium located over a certain area of the subepicardial branch of the coronary artery - represent variants of such localization.The aim of the study was to establish the patterns of macroscopic anatomy and topography of myocardial bridges investigating anatomical sections of the human heart in the adult and elderly people. Material and methods. The study involved 65 formalin-fixed sample preparations of the human heart of the adult and elderly people who died of conditions that were not associated with heart diseases. The authors measured transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the ventricular complex of the heart, and calculated the transverse-longitudinal index. Subepicardial vessels were prepared without prior injection. The number of myocardial bridges over the main branches of the coronary arteries was counted and their length was measured. The type of blood supply to the heart was determined according to a three-member classification, depending on the source of discharge of the posterior interventricular branch. Results. Myocardial bridges were observed on 44 (67.6%) sample preparations. As a rule, they were located over the branches of the left coronary artery (91.5%). They were typically located in the proximal half of the anterior interventricular sulcus. The length of the bridges ranged from 2.5 to 64 mm (Me = 13 mm). A direct positive correlation was found between the length of the ventricular complex of the heart and the length of the bridges. The relationship between the type of blood supply to the heart and the presence of bridges was not revealed. In 26 preparations, a cone artery departed from the right coronary sinus of the aorta, in addition to the right coronary artery, and bridges were observed in 17 sample preparations. Conclusion. Myocardial bridges are more typical for the branches of the left coronary artery compared to the right. They are typically localized in the proximal third of the anterior interventricular sulcus. There is a dependence between the length of the bridges and the length of the ventricular complex of the heart. The distribution and number of myocardial bridges does not depend on the type of blood supply to the heart, but is associated with the independent discharge of the cone artery from the aorta.
Development of sacral vertebrae in human embryos and fetuses
Authors: Kabak S. L. , Zatochnaya V. V. 
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study is to define the features of organogenesis and histogenesis of sacral vertebrae in human embryos, which predetermine the anatomical structure of the sacrum in postnatal ontogenesis. Material and methods. The authors studied human embryo serial sections at 17–23 stages from the Carnegie virtual embryological collection, total preparations and serial sections of the lumbosacral region of the fetal spine at 8–20 weeks of gestation without visible developmental anomalies. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin; total preparations were stained with alizarin red and alcian blue. In addition, the study included 19 adult sacra from the anatomical collection of the Belarusian State Medical University. Results. It was found that consolidation of the anlages of the upper sacral vertebrae starts at the early stages of embryogenesis by the fusion of their costal-transverse processes. During the first half of intrauterine development, the arch and articular processes of the adjacent vertebrae remain separate from each other. In contrast to other segments of the spinal column, five primary centers of ossification are formed in the anlages of the upper sacral vertebrae
Morphometric features of the fetal thyroid gland: ultrasound examination findings
Authors: Murtazina N. I. , Lutsai E. D. , Sarenko A. A. 
Published: October 2020

The article discusses features of morphometric parameters of the thyroid gland based on results of ultrasound examination. The need to study development of the thyroid gland in the fetus is due to the high prevalence of thyroid pathology and the possibility of its early prenatal diagnostics.The aim of the study was to characterize morphometric parameters of the fetal thyroid gland at 20–24 weeks of gestation using ultrasound examination. Material and methods. In the study the thyroid glands of 70 fetuses, both male and female, at the age of 20-24 weeks, were exposed to ultrasound examination. During ultrasound examination, the authors evaluated linear parameters, an organ perimeter, thyroid volume, and growth rate. Results. Ultrasound examination of fetuses aged 20–24 weeks demonstrated that all anatomical structures of the thyroid gland were well visualized on the images. The period from the 20th to the 24th week of the fetal intrauterine development was accompanied by an increase in the studied parameters of the thyroid gland, the growth intensity ranged from 3% (width of the left lobe) to 37% (thyroid volume). In female fetuses, the lobe sizes of the thyroid gland and the index of the thyroid volume prevailed. This period was also characterized by a low (up to 14%) growth intensity of certain linear parameters in male and female fetuses in different age subgroups.Conclusion. Starting from the 20th week of intrauterine development, ultrasound examination allows detecting features of the topography, quantitative anatomy and growth intensity of the fetal thyroid gland. The data obtained evidence the possibility of assessing the state of the thyroid gland during ultrasound screening of a fetus.
Constitutional characteristics of the body surface area in women of different somatotypes
Authors: Sakibaev K. Sh. 
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study is to determine the features of the skin area in Kyrgyz women population in view of their constitutional groups and somatotypes.Material and methods. We studied the physical status of 1028 Kyrgyz women of different age groups – the juvenile age group (n=310), the 1st adulthood age group (n=310), and the 2nd adulthood age group (n=410) living in Osh and its neighborhood applying anthropometric and bioimpedance methods. Statistical data processing was performed by statistical programs Microsoft Excel and the package STATISTICA 6.0. The differences between the two compared values were determined by the Student's criterion and they were considered significant at p<0.05. Results. The performed study revealed the constitutional and somatotypological features of the skin area in the juvenile and both periods of adulthood in the female population. The body surface area is minimal in women of leptosomic group and maximum in megalosomic one. Somatotypological specificity is determined by the minimum value of this indicator in women of asthenic and stenoplastic types and by the maximum value in representatives of the euriplastic tall type. There is the tendency to increase the body skin area from the juvenile to the 2nd period of adulthood, which is typical for women of all somatotypes and constitutional groups. Conclusion. The area of the skin is one of the indicators of human physical development, which has somatotypological specificity in representatives of various constitutional groups of the studied women population. The presented materials on the constitutional and typological features of the women’s physical status in relative norm conditions can serve as one of the bases for further development of a personalized approach in clinical medicine.
Characteristics of immunomorphological processes in the spleen of patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Fedorovskaya N. S. , Zheleznov L. M. , Petrov S. V. , Zaitsev V. B. 
Published: October 2020

The aimof the study was to characterize the immunomorphological processes in the spleen of patients with immune thrombocytopenia depending on the form of the disease and the response to splenectomy.Material and methods.The study included the spleens of 50 patients with immune thrombocytopenia, including 32 women (64%) and 18 men (35%). The median age was 38.0 (22.8; 52.0) years. Depending on the form of the disease, all patients with immune thrombocytopenia were divided into three groups: first diagnosed disease (n=12); persistent form (n=20); and chronic form (n=18). All cases of immune thrombocytopenia were divided into two subgroups: 1 (n=32) – patients who were in remission after splenectomy; 2 (n=18) – people with refractory disease after splenectomy The comparison group was represented by spleens autopsy material of 20 people who had no history of blood system and liver diseases, or other pathology. The median age was 39 (27; 65) years. Histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric methods were used to study the size of the red and white spleen pulps, as well as their cellular composition.Results.In patients with immune thrombocytopenia who responded to splenectomy, the spleen morphology was characterized as corresponding to stages I–II of the immune response. In the subgroup with a refractory course of the disease and in patients with a persistent form, the condition of the spleen corresponded to stages II–III of the immune response, which indicated a longer or aggressive course of the disease. Reducing the size of the periarterial lymphoid muffs, regardless of the response to splenectomy in relation to the comparison group (p<0.05), reflects the pathogenesis of the disease and presents the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on T-cell area of white pulp. Changes in the cell composition of the spleen in patients with immune thrombocytopenia were characterized by an increase in the relative and absolute number of B and T lymphocytes in the white and red pulps, macrophages (CD68+) and dendritic cells (CD35+, S100+). An increase in the content of lymphoid elements expressing CD4+ in white and red pulps, as well as CD8+ T-lymphocytes in the red pulp indicates a multifactorial development of autoimmune disorders in this disease. A significant increase in the number of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages in the red pulp in patients with refractory course of immune thrombocytopenia compared to those who responded to splenectomy (p<0.05) indicates that cytotoxic T-lymphocytes along with macrophages are actively involved in the destruction of platelets in patients resistant to the surgical treatment of the disease. Morphometric criteria for unfavorable prognosis of immune thrombocytopenia after splenectomy were determined.
Morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of the large omentum in ovarian cancer
Authors: Shevlyuk N. N. , Khalikova L. V. , Khalikov A. A. 
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to establish morphofunctional and immunohistochemical characteristics of large omentum in women with ovarian cancer.Material and methods. The large omenta of 48 women with ovarian cancer (low-grade differentiated seropapillary adenocarcinoma of high-grade malignancy) of II stage (n=20) and III stage (n=28) were studied. Histological sections were stained with overview histological and immunohistochemical methods (to reveal ki67, P53, CD34, CD7, CD4, CD8, CD61 proteins expression). Results. In patients, the size of the large omentum was characterized by high individual variability; in the presence of metastasis, the size of the omentum was reduced. Intensive development of blood vessels in the organ was noted, but in the presence of metastases stasis of blood corpuscles, leucocytic infiltration, and moderate edema of connective tissue were observed in the organ’s vessels. Areas of lymphoid tissue, both small lymphatic follicles and diffusely located lymphoid tissue, were revealed in the omentum. In most follicles, reactive centers were not marked, and the number of follicles was reduced in the presence of metastases in the omentum. The analysis of CD34+ cells distribution showed that they were identified both in the tumor and in the areas of the omentum adjacent to the tumor, which indicates a pronounced angiogenesis. An irregular distribution of CD7+ and CD8+ and CD4+ cells was revealed in the tumor tissues, as well as in the surroundings. Simultaneously with the expression of P53 protein, ki67 protein expression is revealed in the significant number of tumor cells (including endothelial cells of tumor blood vessels). The proportion of ki67+ cells in the tumor cell population was 60.1±3.3%. The presence of a large number of ki67+cells in the presence of P53 protein expression in them indicates the aggressiveness of the tumor, as well as a disturbance of apoptosis regulatory mechanisms in the cells. Ki67 expression was low in the omentum areas unaffected by metastases, and it was revealed in the certain areas of connective tissue in fibroblastic programmed differentiation cells. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate significant plasticity and reactivity of great omentum in the presence of tumor process in the body and confirm the important role of great omentum in protective reactions.
Age-related description of the posterior structures of the nasal cavity in children
Authors: Gaivoronskii I. V. , Markeeva M. V. , Aleshkina O. Yu. , Tarasova N. V. 
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study was to describe morphometric characteristics of the posterior parts of the nasal cavity in different periods of childhood and to specify the age-related norm for improving surgical treatment options of choanal atresia and providing an optimal access to the anterior part of the skull base. Material and methods. The study included 87 children aged 1-21 who were exposed to craniometry of the nasal cavity structures. Results. The age-related variability of the linear dimensions and shape of the choanae, their relationship with the dimensions of the pyriform aperture and the height of the nasal cavity in the posterior part were defined in the study. The increase in the height of the choanae and the height of the nasal cavity at the back starts from 2– 3 years of age, and the width – from 8–12 years of age. The height and width of the pyriform aperture are equal to the age of 8–12; these parameters increase in older children's groups with a predominance of the height over the width. The height of the nasal cavity at the back increases in all age periods. The growth of the studied structures of the nasal cavity is completed by adolescence. In infancy, the height of the choanae is less than the height of the nasal cavity at the back by 45%, and less than the height of the pyriform aperture by 20%; in adolescence, these ratios are 42% and 23%, respectively. In infancy the choanal width is less than the width of the pyriform aperture by 49%, and in adolescence – by 40%. In infancy and early childhood, the choanae are typically small in height and width. Their shape is round in 25% of cases, however, ovoid shape is also found. The height and width of the pyriform-shaped aperture at these age periods are similar and do not exceed 17–18 mm; the height of the nasal cavity at the back is 25–27 mm. Conclusion. The authors have described age-related morphometric features of the posterior structures of the nasal cavity. These features should be taken into account by otorhinolaryngologists and neurosurgeons when planning endoscopic intranasal surgical access in children. The younger the child is, the more difficult it is to perform a surgery due to the significant restriction of the access resulted from the small size of the piriform opening and the nasal cavity, and the obstinacy of the nasal septum. When performing choanotomy for atresia, it is necessary to form the choana comparing it in shape and size with the age-related norm