bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Analysis ofMicrurusCoral Snakes Reveals Unexpected Variation in Stereotyped Anti-Predator Displays Within a Mimicry System
Authors: Moore T Y , Danforth S M , Larson J G , Davis Rabosky A R 
Published: March 2020

SynopsisWarning signals in chemically defended organisms are critical components of predator–prey interactions, often requiring multiple coordinated display components for effective communication. When threatened by a predator, venomous coral snakes (genus Micrurus) display a vigorous, non-locomotory thrashing behavior that has previously been qualitatively described. Given the high contrast and colorful banding patterns of these snakes, this thrashing display is hypothesized to be a key component of a complex aposematic signal under strong stabilizing selection across species in a mimicry system. By experimentally testing snake response across simulated predator cues, we analyzed variation in the presence and expression of a thrashing display across five species of South American coral snakes. Although the major features of the thrash display were conserved across species, we found that predator cue type, snake body size, and species identity predict significant inter- and intraspecific variation in the propensity to perform a display, the duration of thrashing, and the curvature of snake bodies. We also found an interaction between curve magnitude and body location that clearly shows which parts of the display vary most across individuals and species. Our results suggest that contrary to the assumption that all Micrurus species and individuals perform the same display, a high degree of variation exists despite presumably strong selection to conserve a common signal. This quantitative behavioral characterization presents a new framework for analyzing the non-locomotory motions displayed by snakes in a broader ecological context, especially for signaling systems with complex interaction across multiple modalities.
Accurate Differentiation of Green Beans of Arabica and Robusta Coffee Using Nanofluidic Array of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Markers
Authors: Zhang Dapeng , Vega Fernando E , Infante Francisco , Solano William , Johnson Elizabeth S , Meinhardt Lyndel W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Green (unroasted) coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. The Arabica (Coffea arabica L.) and Robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) species are the two main types of coffees for commercial production. In general, Arabica coffee is known to have better quality in terms of sensory characteristics; thus, it has a higher market value than Robusta coffee. Accurate differentiation of green beans of the two species is, therefore, of commercial interest in the coffee industry. Using the newly developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, we analyzed a total of 80 single green bean samples, representing 20 Arabica cultivars and four Robusta accessions. Reliable SNP fingerprints were generated for all tested samples. Unambiguous differentiation between Robusta and Arabica coffees was achieved using multivariate analysis and assignment test. The SNP marker panel and the genotyping protocol are sufficiently robust to detect admixture of green coffee in a high-throughput fashion. Moreover, the multilocus SNP approach can differentiate every single bean within Robusta and 55% of Arabica samples. This advantage, together with the single-bean sensitivity, suggests a significant potential for practical application of this technology in the coffee industry.
Reproductive performance in a phyletic dwarf, the spider crab Petramithrax pygmaeus (Bell, 1836) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Mithracidae)
Authors: Fields Joshua T , Mullen Hayden K , Kroenke Clayr M , Salomon Kyla A , Craft Abby J , Conrad Isabelle E , Baeza J Antonio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe spider crab Petramithrax pygmaeus (Bell, 1836), a phyletic dwarf, was used to test predictions regarding reproductive performance in small marine invertebrates. Considering the disproportional increase in brooding costs and the allometry of egg production with increasing body size, it was expected that this minute-size species would produce large broods compared to closely related species that attain much larger body sizes. Fecundity in P. pygmaeus females carrying early and late eggs varied, respectively, between 17 and 172 eggs crab–1 (mean ± SD = 87.97 ± 48.39) and between 13 and 159 eggs crab–1 (55.04 ± 40.29). Females did not experience brood loss during egg development. Egg volume in females carrying early and late eggs varied, respectively, between 0.13 and 0.40 mm3 (0.22 ± 0.07) and between 0.15 and 0.42 mm3 (0.26 ± 0.06 mm3). Reproductive output (RO) varied between 0.91 and 8.73% (3.81 ± 2.17%) of female dry body weight. The RO of P. pygmaeus was lower than that reported for closely related species with larger body sizes. The slope (b = 0.95 ± 0.15) of the line describing the relationship between brood and parental female dry weight was not statistically significant from unity. Overall, our results disagree with the notion that the allometry of gamete production and increased physiological costs with increased brood size explain the association between brooding and small body size in marine invertebrates. Comparative studies on the reproductive investment of brooding species belonging to monophyletic clades with extensive differences in body size are warranted to further our understanding about disparity in egg production in brooding marine invertebrates.
Crowdfunding in a not-so-flat world
Authors: Breznitz Shiri M , Noonan Douglas S 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes the geographic clustering of crowdfunding (CF) activity across two countries at the city level. We find that the ability of Kickstarter projects to attract funding or backers is spikier than the simple number of projects, suggesting that while the locations of Kickstarter projects are not as clustered, projects that are able to recruit funding are clustering. In addition, we find that digital media (DM) projects cluster more than Local projects. Yet, once we control for the pre-existing geographic distribution of population and economic activity, we find more complex patterns of geographic clustering. The spatial clustering of total Kickstarter funds raised is largely explained by the population and economic activity controls. Conditional on those controls, funds raised for DM projects do spatially cluster, while funds raised for Local projects exhibit significant dispersion. Funding and number of backers cluster for DM projects, above and beyond the prior concentration of socioeconomic and employment factors. Conversely, our results suggest CF can reduce or flatten the spikiness of fundraising for local projects. The world was already spiky, and it is a bit less so thanks to CF platforms like Kickstarter.
ZCCHC3 modulates TLR3-mediated signaling by promoting recruitment of TRIF to TLR3
Authors: Zang Ru , Lian Huan , Zhong Xuan , Yang Qing , Shu Hong-Bing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated signaling is important for host defense against RNA virus. Upon viral RNA stimulation, toll and interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) is recruited to TLR3 and then undergoes oligomerization, which is required for the recruitment of downstream molecules to transmit signals. Here, we identified zinc finger CCHC-type containing 3 (ZCCHC3) as a positive regulator of TLR3-mediated signaling. Overexpression of ZCCHC3 promoted transcription of downstream antiviral genes stimulated by the synthetic TLR3 ligand poly(I:C). ZCCHC3-deficiency markedly inhibited TLR3- but not TLR4-mediated induction of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Zcchc3−/− mice were more resistant to poly(I:C)- but not lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory death. Mechanistically, ZCCHC3 promoted recruitment of TRIF to TLR3 after poly(I:C) stimulation. Our findings reveal that ZCCHC3 plays an important role in TLR3-mediated innate immune response by promoting the recruitment of TRIF to TLR3 after ligand stimulation.
Novel Penicillium species causing disseminated disease in a Labrador Retriever dog
Authors: Rothacker Tatiana , Jaffey Jared A , Rogers Erin R , Fales William H , Gibas Connie F C , Wiederhold Nathan P , Sanders Carmita , Mele James , Fan Hongxin , Cohn Leah A , Royal Angela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis report describes the phenotypic characteristics of a novel Penicillium species, Penicillium labradorum, isolated from a 3-year-old male, castrated, Labrador retriever with disseminated fungal disease. The dog's presenting clinical signs included lethargy, lymphadenopathy, tachypnea, moderate pitting edema, and nonweight bearing lameness associated with the right hind limb. Fine-needle aspirate biopsies from the sublumbar and prescapular lymph nodes were initially examined. The cytologic findings were consistent with pyogranulomatous inflammation with abundant extracellular and phagocytized fungal fragments and hyphae. Based on the morphology of the organisms and lack of endogenous pigment, hyalohyphomycosis was considered most likely, with Fusarium, Penicillium, and Paecilomyces species being considerations. Fungal isolates were obtained via culture of samples from the lymph nodes, and molecular identification testing originally identified an undescribed Penicillium species belonging to the Penicillium section Exilicaulis. BLAST searches and phylogenetic analyses performed approximately 1 year and 9 months after the isolation date revealed an isolate within the Penicillium parvum clade in the Penicillium section Exilicaulis but phylogenetically distant from the other species in the section, thus representing a new species, Penicillium labradorum. Antifungal susceptibility testing was also performed on the isolate and low minimum inhibitory concentrations were observed with terbinafine, voriconazole, and posaconazole, while in vitro resistance was observed with fluconazole. The dog had been previously treated with fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B lipid complex, voriconazole, and terbinafine. Approximately 587 days after the initial diagnosis, the dog was euthanized due to worsening of clinical signs and concerns for quality of life.
Advancing biology-based therapeutic approaches for atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors
Authors: Hoffman Lindsey M , Richardson Elizabeth Anne , Ho Ben , Margol Ashley , Reddy Alyssa , Lafay-Cousin Lucie , Chi Susan , Slavc Irene , Judkins Alexander , Hasselblatt Martin , Bourdeaut Franck , Frühwald Michael C , Vibhakar Rajeev , Bouffet Eric , Huang Annie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAtypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare, highly malignant central nervous system cancer arising in infants and younger children, historically considered to be homogeneous, monogenic, and incurable. Recent use of intensified therapies has modestly improved survival for ATRT; however, a majority of patients will still succumb to their disease. While ATRTs almost universally exhibit loss of SMARCB1 (BAF47/INI1/SNF5), recent whole genome, transcriptome, and epigenomic analyses of large cohorts reveal previously underappreciated molecular heterogeneity. These discoveries provide novel insights into how SMARCB1 loss drives oncogenesis and confer specific therapeutic vulnerabilities, raising exciting prospects for molecularly stratified treatment for patients with ATRT.
Racial disparities in supportive medication use among older patients with brain metastases: a population-based analysis
Authors: Lamba Nayan , Mehanna Elie , Kearney Rachel B , Catalano Paul J , Haas-Kogan Daphne A , Alexander Brian M , Cagney Daniel N , Lee Kathleen A , Aizer Ayal A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Brain metastases (BM) cause symptoms that supportive medications can alleviate. We assessed whether racial disparities exist in supportive medication utilization after BM diagnosis.

Methods
Medicare-enrolled patients linked with the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER) who had diagnoses of BM between 2007 and 2016 were identified. Fourteen supportive medication classes were studied: non-opioid analgesics, opioids, anti-emetics, anti-epileptics, headache-targeting medications, steroids, cognitive aids, antidepressants, anxiolytics, antidelirium/antipsychotic agents, muscle relaxants, psychostimulants, sleep aids, and appetite stimulants. Drug administration ≤30 days following BM diagnosis was compared by race using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Among 17,957 patients, headache aids, antidepressants, and anxiolytics were prescribed less frequently to African Americans (odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.81 [0.73–0.90], P &lt; 0.001; OR = 0.68 [0.57–0.80], P &lt; 0.001; and OR = 0.68 [0.56–0.82], P &lt; 0.001, respectively), Hispanics (OR = 0.83 [0.73–0.94], P = 0.004 OR = 0.78 [0.64–0.97], P = 0.02; and OR = 0.63 [0.49–0.81], P &lt; 0.001, respectively), and Asians (OR = 0.81 [0.72–0.92], P = 0.001, OR = 0.67 [0.53–0.85], P = 0.001, and OR = 0.62 [0.48–0.80], P &lt; 0.001, respectively) compared with non-Hispanic Whites. African Americans also received fewer anti-emetics (OR = 0.75 [0.68–0.83], P &lt; 0.001), steroids (OR = 0.84 [0.76–0.93], P &lt; 0.001), psychostimulants (OR = 0.14 [0.03–0.59], P = 0.007), sleep aids (OR = 0.71 [0.61–0.83], P &lt; 0.001), and appetite stimulants (OR = 0.85 [0.77–0.94], P = 0.002) than Whites. Hispanic patients less frequently received antidelirium/antipsychotic drugs (OR = 0.57 [0.38–0.86], P = 0.008), sleep aids (OR = 0.78 [0.64–0.94, P = 0.01), and appetite stimulants (OR = 0.87 [0.76–0.99], P = 0.04). Asian patients received fewer opioids (OR = 0.86 [0.75–0.99], P = 0.04), anti-emetics (OR = 0.83 [0.73–0.94], P = 0.004), anti-epileptics (OR = 0.83 [0.71–0.97], P = 0.02), steroids (OR = 0.81 [0.72–0.92], P = 0.001), muscle relaxants (OR = 0.60 [0.41–0.89], P = 0.01), and appetite stimulants (OR = 0.87 [0.76–0.99], P = 0.03). No medication class was prescribed significantly less frequently to Whites.

Conclusions
Disparities in supportive medication prescription for non-White/Hispanic groups with BM exist; improved provider communication and engagement with at-risk patients is needed.

Key Points
1. Patients with BM commonly experience neurologic symptoms.
2. Supportive medications improve quality of life among patients with BM.
3. Non-White patients with BM receive fewer supportive medications than White patients.
George Chance and Frank Holdsworth: Understanding Spinal Instability and the Evolution of Modern Spine Injury Classification Systems
Authors: Thakur Jai Deep , Wild Elizabeth , Menger Richard , Hefner Matthew , Adeeb Nimer , Kalakoti Piyush , Nanda Anil 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The concept of spinal cord injury has existed since the earliest human civilizations, with the earliest documented cases dating back to 3000 BC under the Egyptian Empire. Howevr, an understanding of this field developed slowly, with real advancements not emerging until the 20th century. Technological advancements including the dawn of modern warfare producing mass human casualties instigated revolutionary advancement in the field of spine injury and its management. Spine surgeons today encounter “Chance” and “Holdsworth” fractures commonly; however, neurosurgical literature has not explored the history of these physicians and their groundbreaking contributions to the modern understanding of spine injury. A literature search using a historical database, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and PubMed was performed. As needed, hospitals and native universities were contacted to add their original contributions to the literature. George Quentin Chance, a Manchester-based British physician, is well known to many as an eminent radiologist of his time who described the eponymous fracture in 1948. Sir Frank Wild Holdsworth (1904-1969), a renowned British orthopedic surgeon who laid a solid foundation for rehabilitation of spinal injuries under the aegis of the Miners' Welfare Commission, described in detail the management of thoraco-lumbar junctional rotational fracture. The work of these 2 men laid the foundation for today's understanding of spinal instability, which is central to modern spine injury classification and management algorithms. This historical vignette will explore the academic legacies of Sir Frank Wild Holdsworth and George Quentin Chance, and the evolution of spinal instability and spine injury classification systems that ensued from their work.
On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Tang Xiaolu , Wu Changcheng , Li Xiang , Song Yuhe , Yao Xinmin , Wu Xinkai , Duan Yuange , Zhang Hong , Wang Yirong , Qian Zhaohui , Cui Jie , Lu Jian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic started in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since impacted a large portion of China and raised major global concern. Herein, we investigated the extent of molecular divergence between SARS-CoV-2 and other related coronaviruses. Although we found only 4% variability in genomic nucleotides between SARS-CoV-2 and a bat SARS-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV; RaTG13), the difference at neutral sites was 17%, suggesting the divergence between the two viruses is much larger than previously estimated. Our results suggest that the development of new variations in functional sites in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike seen in SARS-CoV-2 and viruses from pangolin SARSr-CoVs are likely caused by natural selection besides recombination. Population genetic analyses of 103 SARS-CoV-2 genomes indicated that these viruses had two major lineages (designated L and S), that are well defined by two different SNPs that show nearly complete linkage across the viral strains sequenced to date. We found that L lineage was more prevalent than the S lineage within the limited patient samples we examined. The implication of these evolutionary changes on disease etiology remains unclear. These findings strongly underscores the urgent need for further comprehensive studies that combine viral genomic data, with epidemiological studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Derivation of a Model to Guide Empiric Therapy for Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infection in an Endemic Area
Authors: Weston Gregory , Jahufar Fathima , Sharma Nikhil , Su Christopher , Bellin Eran , Ostrowsky Belinda 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Appropriate therapy for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) bloodstream infection (BSI) is often given late in the course of infection, and strategies for identifying CRKP BSI earlier are needed.

Methods
A retrospective case–control study was performed at a tertiary care hospital, university hospital, and community hospital in Bronx, New York. All participants had a blood culture sent and received an antibiotic within 48 hours of the culture. The case group (n = 163) had a blood culture with CRKP. The control group (n = 178) had a blood culture with carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella. Data were obtained by electronic or conventional medical record abstraction. A multiple logistic regression model was built to identify associated factors and develop a clinical model for CRKP BSI. Model performance characteristics were estimated using a 10-fold cross-validation analysis.

Results
A prior nonblood culture with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, skilled nursing facility (SNF) residence, mechanical ventilation, and admission &gt;3 days were strongly associated risk factors. A significant interaction led to development of separate clinical models for subjects admitted &lt;3 days at the time of positive blood culture from those admitted at least 3 days. The derived models had a good ability to discriminate between subjects with and without CRKP BSI. A clinical classification rule to guide therapy can prioritize sensitivity or specificity.

Conclusions
Prior nonblood cultures showing resistance and exposure to SNF and health care settings are factors associated with carbapenem resistance. The clinical classification rules derived in this work should be validated for ability to guide therapy.
Delayed Relapse of Paracoccidioidomycosis in the Central Nervous System: A Case Report
Authors: Rahman Rifat , Davies Leela , Mohareb Amir M , Peçanha-Pietrobom Paula M , Patel Nirav J , Solomon Isaac H , Meredith David M , Tsai Harrison K , Guenette Jeffrey P , Bhattacharyya Shamik , Urday Sebastian , Velásquez Gustavo E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a dimorphic fungal infection endemic in Latin America. We report a patient with a history of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis who presented with relapsed disease in the central nervous system 4 years after initial treatment. We review current treatment strategies for paracoccidioidomycosis and neuroparacoccidioidomycosis.
Intuitionism in the Philosophy of Mathematics: Introducing a Phenomenological Account
Authors: Berghofer Philipp 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to establish a phenomenological mathematical intuitionism that is based on fundamental phenomenological-epistemological principles. According to this intuitionism, mathematical intuitions are sui generis mental states, namely experiences that exhibit a distinctive phenomenal character. The focus is on two questions: what does it mean to undergo a mathematical intuition and what role do mathematical intuitions play in mathematical reasoning? While I crucially draw on Husserlian principles and adopt ideas we find in phenomenologically minded mathematicians such as Hermann Weyl and Kurt Gödel, the overall objective is systematic in nature: to offer a plausible approach towards mathematics.
Fast growth of the number of proceedings papers in atypical fields in the Czech Republic is a likely consequence of the national performance-based research funding system
Authors: Vanecek Jiri , Pecha Ondrej 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article compares the growth rates of Web of Science indexed research publications in 11 European countries from 2000 to 2015. The growth of publication output in the Czech Republic was very fast: the annual production increased more than threefold. However, the number of articles increased only 2.6-fold, whereas the number of proceedings papers increased eightfold. During 2013–15 almost one-third of the papers published by researchers based in the Czech Republic were proceedings papers, a much higher share than in any other benchmark country. Such a high share is undesirable, because proceedings papers are generally much less often cited than journal articles. The growth of the number of proceedings papers is fastest in 17 fields belonging to the social sciences which usually do not hold proceedings papers in high regard. Our analysis shows that this undesirable development started after the introduction of national performance-based research funding system (PRFS) in the Czech Republic. Hence, the effort made to publish proceedings papers seems to reflect an optimization strategy in the light of the PRFS. In the Czech PRFS, proceedings papers have been rewarded point values similar to articles in refereed journals and a large portion of the institutional funding is allocated according to the evaluation results. As a consequence of very fast growth of proceedings papers in the social sciences, the university institutional funding in these fields has grown faster than in other fields. In conclusion, the fast growth of proceedings papers represents an adaptive behavior to the context of the PRFS.