bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where's the wine? Heavy social drinkers show attentional bias towards alcohol in a visual conjunction search task
Authors: Pennington Charlotte R. , Shaw Daniel J. , Adams Jennifer , Kavanagh Phoebe , Reed Holly , Robinson Madeleine , Shave Emily , White Hollie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsResearch indicates that high consumers of alcohol exhibit attentional bias (AB) towards alcohol‐related cues, suggestive of a cognitive mechanism that might drive substance seeking. Many tasks that measure AB (e.g. visual probe, addiction Stroop), however, are limited by their reliance on non‐appetitive control cues, the serial presentation of stimuli and their poor internal reliability. The current study employed a visual conjunction search (VCS) task capable of presenting multiple alcoholic and non‐alcoholic appetitive cues simultaneously to assess whether social drinkers attend selectively to alcoholic stimuli. To assess the construct validity of this task, we examined whether alcohol consumption and related problems, subjective craving and drinking motives predict alcohol‐specific AB.Design and settingA VCS task was performed in a laboratory setting, which required participants to detect the presence of appetitive alcoholic (wine, beer) and non‐alcoholic (cola, lemonade) targets within arrays of matching and non‐matching distractors.ParticipantsData from 99 participants were assessed [meanage = 20.77, standard deviation (SD) = 2.98; 64 (65%) females], with 81.8% meeting the threshold for harmful alcohol consumption (meanAUDIT = 12.89, SD = 5.79).MeasurementsSelf‐reports of alcohol consumption and related problems [Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)], subjective craving (Alcohol Craving Questionnaire Short Form) and drinking motives (Drinking Motives Questionnaire Short Form) were obtained, and the VCS task measured response times for the correct detection of alcoholic and non‐alcoholic targets.FindingsParticipants were significantly quicker to detect alcoholic relative to non‐alcoholic appetitive targets (P < 0.001, dz = 0.41), which was predicted positively by AUDIT scores (P = 0.013, R2 = 0.06%). The VCS task achieved excellent reliability (α > 0.79), superior to other paradigms.ConclusionsThe visual conjunction search task appears to be a highly reliable method for assessing alcohol‐related attentional bias, and shows that heavy social drinkers prioritize alcoholic cues in their immediate environment.
The effects of vaping electronic cigarettes on periodontitis
Authors: Karaaslan F , Dikilitaş A , Yiğit U 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundElectronic cigarettes (E‐cigs) have been gaining popularity, increasingly used to help reduce or cease smoking traditional cigarettes (T‐cigs). Although E‐cigs are considered a far less harmful alternative to T‐cigs, there is not enough information regarding the effects of vaping E‐cigs on periodontal health.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vaping E‐cigs, smoking T‐cigs and smoking cessation on oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory cytokines levels and periodontal clinical parameters in patients with periodontitis.MethodsThe study included a total of 57 individuals who were divided into three groups: T‐cig smokers (Group I, n = 19), E‐cig vapers (Group II, n = 19) and former smokers (Group III, n = 19). Full‐mouth clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected.ResultsThe mean interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) level of Group I (70.47 ± 2.76) was significantly lower than in Groups II and III. The mean tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) level of Group I (4.20 ± 0.14) was significantly higher than in Groups II and III.ConclusionsT‐cigs and vaping E‐cigs had the same unfavourable effects on the markers of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
Palliative care needs of direct care workers caring for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Gray Jennifer A. , Kim Jinsook 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summary

Palliative care is a holistic model of care that lessens suffering and improves quality of life for individuals who are very sick.

As people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) get very sick, direct care workers (DCWs) are more likely to provide palliative care.

Researchers need to know more about what palliative care training DCWs need.

One hundred and forty‐nine (149) DCWs filled out surveys about their palliative care training needs.

The research showed that DCWs need more training in certain areas, such as cultural competence, effective communication, post‐death logistics and legal matters.

AbstractBackgroundDirect care workers (DCWs) caring for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (PWIDD) provide palliative care, but research indicates DCWs are ill‐equipped to do so. This study aimed to assess DCWs’ palliative care experience and training and their perceived training needs.Materials and MethodsStaff trained as DCWs (n = 149) in organisations that serve PWIDD were surveyed in suburban and rural areas of a U.S. Midwestern state. Descriptive statistics were run, including t tests, analysis of variance, Scheffe's tests for pairwise comparison, Pearson's correlation, Fisher's exact tests and chi‐square tests.ResultsParticipants reported limited experience in legal matters, yet had substantial experience in assisting PWIDD with pain, distress and bereavement. Training was inadequate but desired for cultural competence, effective communication, post‐death logistics and legal matters. Rural DCWs reported less palliative care experience and training than suburban counterparts.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the need for specific types of palliative care training among DCWs caring for PWIDD and that such training should be prioritised in rural agencies. Future research can explore ways to maximise training effectiveness.
A value‐based healthcare approach: Health‐related quality of life and psychosocial functioning in women with Turner syndrome
Authors: van den Hoven Allard T. , Bons Lidia R. , Dykgraaf Ramon H. M. , Dessens Arianne B. , Pastoor Hester , de Graaff Laura C. G. , Metselaar Mick R. , Kneppers‐ Swets Annemiek , Kardys Isabella , Mijnarends Hester , Zweerus Frank , Hazelzet Jan A. , Utens Elisabeth M. W. J. , van den Bosch Annemien E. , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveAs part of the value‐based healthcare programme in our hospital, a set of patient‐reported outcome measures was developed together with patients and implemented in the dedicated Turner Syndrome (TS) outpatient clinic. This study aims to investigate different aspects of health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) and psychosocial functioning in women with TS in order to establish new possible targets for therapy.Design/ParticipantsA comprehensive set of questionnaires (EQ‐5D, PSS‐10, CIS‐20, Ferti‐QoL, FSFI) was developed and used to capture different aspects of HR‐QoL and psychosocial functioning in a large cohort of adult women with Turner syndrome. All consecutive women, ≥18 years, who visited the outpatient clinic of our tertiary centre were eligible for inclusion.ResultsOf the eligible 201 women who were invited to participate, 177 women (age 34 ± 12 years, mean ± SD) completed at least one of the validated questionnaires (88%). Women with TS reported a lower health‐related quality of life (EQ‐5D: 0.857 vs 0.892, P = .003), perceived more stress (PSS‐10:14.7 vs 13.3; P = .012) and experienced increased fatigue (CIS‐20: P < .001) compared to the general Dutch population. A relationship between noncardiac comorbidities (eg diabetes, orthopaedic complaints) and HR‐QoL was found (R = .508).ConclusionsWe showed that TS women suffer from impaired HR‐QoL, more perceived stress and increased fatigue compared to healthy controls. A relationship between noncardiac comorbidities and HR‐QoL was found. Especially perceived stress and increased fatigue can be considered targets for improvement of HR‐QoL in TS women.
The 5.8S pre‐rRNA maturation factor, M‐phase phosphoprotein 6, is a female fertility factor required for oocyte quality and meiosis
Authors: Peng Rui‐Rui , Wang Li‐Li , Gao Wen‐Yi , Zhu Feng‐Yu , Hu Fan , Zeng Wen‐Tao , Shi Li‐Ya , Chen Xi‐Chen , Cai Jing‐Yang , Zhang Dong , Xia Zheng‐Rong , Yang Zhi‐Xia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesM‐phase phosphoprotein 6 (MPP6) is important for 5.8S pre‐rRNA maturation in somatic cells and was screened as a female fertility factor. However, whether MPP6 functions in oocyte meiosis and fertility is not yet known. We aimed to address this.Materials and MethodsMouse oocytes with surrounded nucleus (SN) or non‐surrounded nucleus (NSN) were used for all experiments. Peptide nanoparticle‐mediated antibody transfection was used to deplete MPP6. Immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry and live tracker staining were used to examine MPP6 localization and characterize phenotypes after control or MPP6 depletion. High‐fidelity PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to examine the localization and level of 5.8S rRNAs. Western blot was used to examine the protein level. MPP6‐EGFP mRNA microinjection was used to do the rescue.ResultsMPP6 was enriched within ovaries and oocytes. MPP6 depletion significantly impeded oocyte meiosis. MPP6 depletion increased 5.8S pre‐rRNA. The mRNA levels of MPP6 and 5.8S rRNA decreased within ageing oocytes, and MPP6 mRNA injection partially increased 5.8S rRNA maturation and improved oocyte quality.ConclusionsMPP6 is required for 5.8S rRNA maturation, meiosis and quality control in mouse oocytes, and MPP6 level might be a marker for oocyte quality.
Endothelial function and plasma matrix metalloproteinase‐2 levels and their association with the size and elastic properties of the ascending aorta in first‐degree relatives of bicuspid aortic valve patients
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Yi‐Bin , Zhang Ying , Zhao Shuai , Jin Peng , Li Lin , Du Huan , Sun Yi‐Xue 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo explore endothelial function and plasma matrix metalloproteinase‐2 levels and their association with the size and elastic properties of the ascending aorta in the first‐degree relatives (FDRs) with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) of individuals with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV).MethodsTwenty‐six patients with BAV without significant valvular dysfunction, 35 FDRs with TAV, and 29 matched healthy controls were analyzed. Two‐dimensional echocardiography and high‐resolution ultrasound were applied to evaluate the size and elasticity of the ascending aorta and the flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery in response to hyperemia.ResultsThe aortic diameter was larger in the BAV patients than in the FDRs and controls, and the aortic elastic properties showed larger decreases in the BAV patients. The FDRs had a larger aortic diameter and more impaired elastic properties than the controls. The BAV patients had a significantly lower FMD than the FDRs and controls (P < .001), while the FMD was lower in the FDRs than in the controls (P < .001). The plasma MMP‐2 levels were significantly higher in the BAV patients than in the FDRs (P = .001) and controls (P < .001). Additionally, the FDRs had higher plasma MMP‐2 levels than the controls (P < .001). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the aortic diameter, distensibility, stiffness index, and strain were significantly associated with FMD and plasma MMP‐2 levels.ConclusionAortic enlargement and impaired elasticity in the FDRs with TAV were associated with impaired endothelial function and increased plasma MMP‐2 concentrations.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clodronate disodium evaluated in plasma, synovial fluid and urine
Authors: Krueger Clarisa R. , Mitchell Colin F. , Leise Britta S. , Knych Heather K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundClodronate is a non‐nitrogenated bisphosphonate approved for use in horses. There are no peer‐reviewed published reports describing the pharmacokinetics or evaluating renal health indices and urinary excretion patterns in conjunction with plasma and synovial fluid concentration following the systemic administration of clodronate to horses.ObjectivesDescribe clodronate concentrations in plasma, urine and synovial fluid and evaluate the effects on renal indices after intramuscular administration to healthy horses.Study designExperimental study with repeated measures.MethodsSix healthy adult horses received a single intramuscular dose of clodronate (1.8 mg/kg). Blood, synovial fluid and urine were collected prior to and after administration of clodronate up to 72, 48 and 168 hours respectively. Drug concentrations were measured using LC‐MS/MS and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. Renal function indices were also evaluated.ResultsClodronate was quantifiable for up to 24 hours in plasma and 48 hours in synovial fluid and detected at all time points in urine. Maximum plasma concentration of clodronate 210 ± 68.2 ng/mL occurred at approximately 34.8 ± 0.2 minutes after administration, while peak synovial concentration (57.7 ± 32.8 ng/mL) occurred at 2.67 ± 2.32 hours after administration and peak urine concentration (88 358.2 ± 79 521.4 ng/mL) occurred at 2.67 ± 2.58 hours post administration. Terminal half‐life in plasma was 3.32 ± 1.25 and was 4.8 ± 3.05 hours in synovial fluid. Creatinine concentrations rose significantly after treatment but remained within normal adult reference ranges at all times.Main limitationsLimited number of animals and sampling times and the absence of urine collection for determination of concentration beyond 7 days.ConclusionsClodronate is rapidly cleared from the blood and synovial fluid. It has variable and biphasic urinary excretion. While significant increase in blood creatinine concentrations was present after a single intramuscular dose of clodronate, values were never above the normal reference range. Further studies are warranted in horses undergoing exercise and those undergoing multiple dosing schemes.
Coherency strain induced hardening in bulk polycrystalline ceramics: A case study with MgO‐based “ceramic alloys”
Authors: Gurnani Luv , Kumar Udit , Mukhopadhyay Amartya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe role of coherency strain at the matrix/precipitate interface toward hardening of bulk polycrystalline “ceramic alloys” has been established here. Formation of “near ideal” bulk polycrystalline ceramic microstructure characterized by the presence of uniformly distributed coherent “ultra‐fine” MgCr2O4 particles (size: ~25 nm) within matrix (MgO) grains was achieved via solid‐state precipitation during aging treatment of bulk supersaturated MgO–Cr2O3 solid solutions (formed during pressureless sintering in air, followed by fast cooling). The as‐aged MgO–MgCr2O4 “ceramic alloys” exhibited hardness increment by ~73% over that of phase pure bulk MgO upon aging for just 10 hours at 1000°C in air. Evidences toward the presence of significant coherency strains across the MgO/MgCr2O4 coherent interfaces were obtained with transmission electron microscopy. Analysis based on hardening mechanisms and comparisons with MgO–MgFe2O4 system, having lesser hardening due to lower misfit strain at MgO/MgFe2O4 coherent interfaces (despite greater content of second‐phase particles), confirm the dominant role of coherency strains toward hardness enhancement in “ceramic alloys.”
Association between clinical specialty setting and disease management in patients with psoriatic arthritis: results from LOOP, a cross‐sectional, multi‐country, observational study
Authors: Boehncke W.H. , Horváth R. , Dalkiliç E. , Lima S.A.L. , Okada M. , Hojnik M. , Ganz F. , Lubrano E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic and debilitating disease that can be managed by different clinical specialists.ObjectivesThe objective of the LOOP study was to evaluate the impact of clinical specialty setting on the time to diagnosis and treatment of patients with PsA. Clinical disease activity and disease burden were also compared between clinical settings.MethodsLOOP was a cross‐sectional, multicentre, observational study conducted in 17 countries in Western and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Latin America and Asia. Adult patients (≥18 years) with a suspected or established diagnosis of PsA who were routinely visiting a rheumatologist, dermatologist or non‐rheumatology/non‐dermatology physician were enrolled. All patients were assessed by both a rheumatologist and a dermatologist.ResultsOf 1483 enrolled patients, a total of 1273 had a confirmed diagnosis of PsA. There was no significant difference in the median time from onset of inflammatory musculoskeletal symptoms to PsA diagnosis between patients enrolled by rheumatologists and dermatologists (6.0 vs. 3.9 months). However, the median time from diagnosis to first treatment with a conventional synthetic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drug (csDMARD) was significantly shorter in the rheumatology setting compared with the dermatology setting (0 vs. 2.0 months; P < 0.001). In addition, disease activity was significantly higher in the dermatology setting compared with the rheumatology setting.ConclusionsDifferences in the management and clinical status of patients with PsA were observed between the rheumatology and dermatology settings. Importantly, median time from diagnosis to first csDMARD was significantly shorter in the rheumatology setting, and patients in the dermatology setting had higher disease activity. These data show the importance of improved collaboration between rheumatologists and dermatologists.
Second opinions, multiple physician appointments, and overlapping prescriptions in the paediatric population: A systematic literature review
Authors: Biernikiewicz Małgorzata , Germain Nicola , Toumi Mondher 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesDoctor shopping, double doctoring, and overlapping prescriptions are often used as synonyms for multiple physician appointments in the same disease episode. Such behaviours translate into poor patient satisfaction and patient‐doctor communication as well as abuse or misuse of drugs, increasing health care costs and resulting in negative health consequences. This systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify factors that drive doctor‐shopping behaviour in children's caregivers.MethodsThe search was conducted in PubMed and grey literature and was based on the following search terms: included doctor or physician shopping, drug seeking, double doctoring, children, and combinations of those. Overall, 500 records were identified, of which 11 were selected for qualitative synthesis. Data extracted considered definitions of doctor shopping, co‐morbidities, and target population characteristics.ResultsDefinitions of doctor shopping were inconsistent. The frequency of doctor shopping was high for acute illnesses and ranged from 53% in children with a fever in Hong Kong to 18% at an emergency department in Canada. The incidence of this phenomenon was low when taking into account addictive drugs and was rated at 0.02% to 0.3% in the full paediatric population. This phenomenon was more prevalent in children younger than 1 year, in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and co‐morbid psychiatric conditions, and in those whose caregivers themselves had psychiatric conditions. It was more frequent in cases with an acute disease (eg, fever, gastroenteritis, and urinary tract infection) than a chronic disease (eg, asthma).ConclusionsThe knowledge about doctor shopping by children's caregivers is limited, despite that this is a frequent behaviour. There is a need for further research covering a broader range of diseases. The causes and consequences of doctor shopping should be sought as well to investigate its relation to health care regulations and possibility to reduce unnecessary medical resource utilization.
Terminal ileum intubation is not associated with colonoscopy quality measures
Authors: Leiman David A , Jawitz Nicole G , Lin Li , Wood Richard K , Gellad Ziad F 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimIntubation of the terminal ileum (TI) demonstrates a complete colonoscopy, but its clinical value during screening exams is unknown. We aimed to determine whether TI intubation during screening colonoscopy is associated with colonoscopy quality measures or identifies subclinical pathology.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study examining average‐risk screening colonoscopies performed at an academic health system between July 2016 and October 2017. Data were extracted from an internal colonoscopy quality registry and the electronic health record. Appropriate statistical tests were used for group comparisons, to correlate TI intubation rate (TIIR) with measures of colonoscopy quality and to examine factors associated with the likelihood of TI intubation.ResultsThere were 7799 colonoscopies performed with adequate prep quality by 28 gastroenterologists. Most patients were female (56.4%) with a median age of 58. The median TIIR was 37.0%, with significant variability among physicians (2–93%). The detection rates for all polyps, adenomas, and sessile serrated polyps were 62.1%, 45.5%, and 7.2%, respectively, and none correlated with TIIR. Intubation of the TI was associated with significantly longer withdrawal times. In a random 10% sample of cases with TI intubation, no clinically significant pathology was found.ConclusionsThere is wide variability in TIIR among endoscopists. Except to provide photodocumentation of exam extent when other images may be difficult to obtain, the lack of correlation between TI intubation and meaningful clinical outcomes together with the associated time costs suggest routine TI intubation during screening colonoscopy may not be warranted.
A study of proximal esophageal baseline impedance in identifying and predicting laryngopharyngeal reflux
Authors: Chen Songfeng , Liang Mengya , Zhang Mengyu , Tan Niandi , Lin Yuqing , Cao Peixian , Xiao Yinglian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimLaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is caused by the reflux of gastric contents beyond the esophagus into the larynx and pharynx. However, upper esophageal sphincter (UES) motility and proximal esophagus reflux parameters are poorly studied. This study aims to explore the characteristics of UES motility and reflux parameter among LPR patients.MethodsPatients with laryngopharyngeal symptoms only (L), patients with laryngopharyngeal symptoms and typical esophageal symptoms (L + E), patients with typical esophageal symptoms only (E), and healthy controls (H) were retrospectively included. Physiological profiles were studied and compared among groups using both high‐resolution manometry and pH–impedance monitoring, including UES basal pressure, residual pressure, relaxation duration time, recovery time, the time to nadir pressure, UES length, proximal contractile integral, and proximal mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI). Patients' symptom outcomes were also analyzed.ResultsA total of 242 patients were included. Proximal MNBI was significantly lower in patients with both laryngopharyngeal and esophageal symptoms (17 cm above low esophageal sphincter [LES]: L vs L + E vs E vs H = 3689.7 vs 2500.0 vs 3073.0 vs 3996.0; 15 cm above LES: L vs L + E vs E vs H = 3155.9 vs 2553.4 vs 3198.9 vs 2985.2; P < 0.001). Patients responded to proton pump inhibitor treatment also had lower proximal MNBI than those who did not (17 cm above LES: 1834.0 vs 3500.0; 15 cm above LES: 1946.5 vs 3432.6; P < 0.001).ConclusionDecreased proximal MNBI can not only identify LPR patients but also predict patients' symptom outcomes.