bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape Profile of Corpus Callosum As a Signature to Phenotype Different Dementia
Authors: Mangalore Sandhya , Mukku Shiva Shanker Reddy , Vankayalapati Sriharish , Sivakumar Palanimuthu Thangaraju , Varghese Mathew 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background Phenotyping dementia is always a complex task for a clinician. There is a need for more practical biomarkers to aid clinicians.

Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the shape profile of corpus callosum (CC) in different phenotypes of dementia.

Materials and Methods Our study included patients who underwent neuroimaging in our facility as a part of clinical evaluation for dementia referred from Geriatric Clinic (2017–2018). We have analyzed the shape of CC and interpreted the finding using a seven-segment division.

Results The sample included MPRAGE images of Alzheimer’ dementia (AD) (n = 24), posterior cortical atrophy- Alzheimer’ dementia (PCA-AD) (n = 7), behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (Bv-FTD) (n = 17), semantic variant frontotemporal dementia (Sv-FTD) (n = 11), progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) (n = 4), Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) (n = 5), diffuse Lewy body dementia (n = 7), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (n = 3), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) (n = 3). We found in posterior dementias such as AD and PCA-AD that there was predominant atrophy of splenium of CC. In Bv-FTD, the genu and anterior half of the body of CC was atrophied, whereas in PNFA, PSP, PDD, and CBD there was atrophy of the body of CC giving a dumbbell like profile.

Conclusion Our study findings were in agreement with the anatomical cortical regions involved in different phenotypes of dementia. Our preliminary study highlighted potential usefulness of CC in the clinical setting for phenotyping dementia in addition to clinical history and robust biomarkers.
Foot Self-Care Behavior in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Turan Elif , Önalan Ramazan , İşçımen Necla Çay , Ozan Zeynep Tuğba , Yıldırım Tekin , Aral Yalçın 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are complications of diabetes that can progress with high mortality and morbidity. It is a preventable problem with the determination of risk factors and patient education. Our aim is to examine the knowledge and behavior of diabetic patients in our region about foot care.
Materials and Methods Diabetic individuals who applied to the Endocrine and Internal Medicine Clinic were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographic variables, physical examination, and laboratory findings were recorded. “Diabetic foot information form for diabetic foot care” was used to evaluate the patient’s level of knowledge about diabetic foot and care. The questionnaire consists of 16 questions with two options, right or wrong, according to the suggestions of the guides. A total of 16 points scoring system has been established, 1 point for each correct answer and 0 points for the wrong answer.
Results “Total acknowledgment scores” (TAS) were significantly higher in patients with DFU, amputation, and DFU history (p < 0.001). TAS were significantly lower in patients receiving oral antidiabetic therapy than those receiving insulin therapy (p = 0.005). Total scores were significantly lower in untrained patients compared with primary school graduates (p = 0.005), and in high school graduates compared with university graduates (p < 0.001).
Conclusion In this study, a serious lack of information or insufficiency was found in patients with diabetes. More comprehensive training programs are needed to reduce diabetic foot development and complications.
Assessment of Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System in the Elderly with Different Comorbid Factors
Authors: S. Sushma , Rao Medha Y. , Aslam Shaikh Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background Studies in healthy elderly patients have shown the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction (AD) in the range of 20 to 30%. However, there is paucity in data pertaining to AD in the elderly in the Indian context.

Objective To assess the prevalence of AD in the elderly irrespective of their comorbidity status.

Methods A total of 141 elderly patients with or without comorbidities/symptoms of AD were included. Demographic and clinical details of the patients were recorded. Autonomic function tests (AFTs) such as deep breathing test, Valsalva ratio, orthostatic heart rate (OHR), isometric handgrip test, and orthostatic blood pressure were performed based on Ewing’s battery of tests. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the accuracy of AFTs were evaluated.

Results Most patients (n = 85) were aged between 60 and 69 years, with a male predominance (58.87%). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities. Postural hypotension was the most common symptom of AD. With advancing age, symptoms of AD manifested significantly more. Overall, 73.8% of patients had AD, of whom 45.4% had early AD. Number of AD symptoms, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, and comorbid factors (diabetes and hypertension) were significantly associated with the results of AFTs (p < 0.05). AFTs were highly significant with respect to the results obtained (p < 0.001). Deep breathing test, abnormal in majority of study patients, has a sensitivity of 93.3% and OHR has a specificity of 81.1% to determine AD.

Conclusion The study concludes that age itself is an independent predictor of AD, which increases in severity if associated with comorbidities.
Volar Radiocarpal Ligament Repair with Suture Anchors for Radiocarpal Fracture Dislocations: Case Series
Authors: Bohm Kyle C. , Geissler Jacqueline , Ward Christina M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Radiocarpal fracture dislocations cause significant intraarticular disruption and instability difficult to treat with traditional plating methods.
Description of Technique Suture anchor fixation of the volar radiocarpal ligaments through an extended carpal tunnel approach, supplemented with radial styloid fixation, restores stability to the radiocarpal joint.
Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective review of 14 consecutive radiocarpal fracture-dislocations (RCFDs) treated at two-level one trauma center from 2011 to 2015. In all cases, the volar radiocarpal ligaments were repaired to the distal radius with suture anchors.
Results We reviewed 14 Dumontier Group 2 RCFDs in 14 patients (10 males, four females) with an average age of 39 years (range 22–53 years). Final follow-up averaged 288 days (range 7–1,364 days). Surgeons performed volar ligament repair with suture anchors in all cases, radial styloid fixation in 79% (11/14), and dorsal plate fixation in 29% (4/14). Eight of 14 patients (57%) had a “flipped” volar lip fragment of the distal radius. Three patients had forearm compartment syndrome and two patients had acute carpal tunnel syndrome. No patients experienced radiocarpal subluxation after volar ligament repair.
Conclusion No recurrent subluxation or dislocation occurred after primary repair of the volar radiocarpal ligaments using suture anchors in this series of radiocarpal fracture dislocations. Volar radiocarpal ligament repair also addressed the “flipped” volar rim fragment that could not be addressed through a dorsal approach alone.
Level of Evidence: This is a Level IV, case series therapeutic study.
Satisfaction of scientists during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown
Authors: Raabe Isabel J. , Ehlert Alexander , Johann David , Rauhut Heiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe discussion of the social, political and economic consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic mainly revolves around negative effects. This study exploits a unique opportunity and analyses data from a survey (N = 13,316) that happened to be in the field in the months of the development and eventual manifestation of the COVID-19 pandemic. It documents slightly higher levels of average general life satisfaction as well as of satisfaction with various specific aspects of life (health, work, work-life balance and leisure) during the lockdown among scientists in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. It is argued that the lockdown can be regarded as a large-scale social experiment of a very sudden and abrupt change of work and social life, which is unique in history. Daily survey data elicited before and after the lockdown allows the construction of a quasi-experimental design for analysing how this abrupt change of social reality has affected satisfaction. For scientists, the lockdown mainly entailed the transition to work from home, leading to a reduced speed of life and allowing for more flexibility in incorporating family and leisure into the work day. It is discussed how some of these mechanisms might apply to the general population.
How ethics combine with big data: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Kuc-Czarnecka Marta , Olczyk Magdalena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe term Big Data is becoming increasingly widespread throughout the world, and its use is no longer limited to the IT industry, quantitative scientific research, and entrepreneurship, but entered as well everyday media and conversations. The prevalence of Big Data is simply a result of its usefulness in searching, downloading, collecting and processing massive datasets. It is therefore not surprising that the number of scientific articles devoted to this issue is increasing. However, the vast majority of research papers deal with purely technical matters. Yet, large datasets coupled with complex analytical algorithms pose the risk of non-transparency, unfairness, e.g., racial or class bias, cherry-picking of data, or even intentional misleading of public opinion, including policymakers, for example by tampering with the electoral process in the context of ‘cyberwars’. Thus, this work implements a bibliometric analysis to investigate the development of ethical concerns in the field of Big Data. The investigation covers articles obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection Database (WoS) published between 1900 and July 2020. A sample size of 892 research papers was evaluated using HistCite and VOSviewer software. The results of this investigation shed light on the evolution of the junction of two concepts: ethics and Big Data. In particular, the study revealed the following array of findings: the topic is relatively poorly represented in the scientific literature with the relatively slow growth of interest. In addition, ethical issues in Big Data are discussed mainly in the field of health and technology.
Variabilité et traitement automatique des langues
Authors: Grezka Aude 
Published: November 2020

Résumé
Par cette contribution, nous souhaitons proposer une analyse de la variation, principalement diatopique, appliquée aux
séquences figées, grâce à une ressource que nous avons développée pour le Traitement Automatique des Langues (TAL). Le grand nombre de
variantes qui apparaissent dans les corpus nous a conduit à effectuer une analyse exhaustive de ces constructions afin de permettre aux
utilisateurs et aux applications TAL, d’utiliser correctement ces séquences figées. Les données textuelles auxquelles
les méthodes et outils du TAL doivent faire face sont variées, volumineuses et de qualités plus ou moins inégales. Enfin, pour accéder au sens des textes, le TAL est confronté aux difficultés que sont les caractéristiques intrinsèques des langues naturelles.
The use of hypocorisms and last names as a stand in for proper names
Authors: Rico Sulayes Antonio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe concern about what constitutes a proper name and its components has produced scientific articles in diverse fields from linguistics, to education, to sociology, to medicine. There is also abundant research about the presence of proper names in the repertoire of multiword expressions (MWEs) in different languages. However, there is an absence of studies in the literature that look at the use of a proper name as an MWE where a hypocorism takes the place of the original first name. This study addresses the MWE hypocorism + last name from a comparative perspective and explores its distributional patterns between American English and Mexican Spanish. A statistical analysis reveals that although this type of MWE is present in both languages, the distributional differences between them imply different usage connotations that should be taken into account when communicating in these languages.
Synchronic and diachronic analysis of prepositional multiword modifiers across Romance languages
Authors: Piunno Valentina , Ganfi Vittorio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLexicological and lexicographical studies on multiword expressions in Romance languages have significantly increased in recent years. Even though some attention has been paid to Multiwords functioning as adjectives and adverbs, the structural and the functional relation between them has not been clarified yet.Employing both a qualitative and quantitative approach, this corpus-based investigation aims at exploring the diatopic distribution and the evolution of Romance multiword lexemes having the form of a prepositional phrase and the function of an adjective or/and an adverb (or both functions). According to data taken from corpora of Latin, Old Italian, Old Spanish and Middle French, this contribution investigates the relationship between the different degrees of schematicity and the productivity of this kind of multiword lexemes in order to highlight the evolutional path and the diachronic/diatopic principles engaged in the multiword modifying system across the different Romance languages taken into consideration.
Compound pendulum pivot force
Authors: Hinrichsen Peter F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The force at the pivot of a simple pendulum and the acceleration of the bob have been the subject of a number of papers. The present paper extends this analysis to a compound pendulum, which requires an extra torque to rotate the pendulum about its center of mass. The dependence of the pivot force on κ = k/a, the ratio of the radius of gyration k to the center of mass position a, is investigated. The pivot force on an ideal compound pendulum is shown to be the same as that for a lighter simple pendulum plus a mass located at the pivot.
Bandgap engineering of hydrogenated a-SiC:H thin films for photoelectrochemical water splitting applications
Authors: Mejia María del Carmen , Francisco Sánchez Luis , Rumiche Francisco , Andrés Guerra Jorge 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bandgap engineering of a-SiC:H thin films was carried out to assess the material light absorption without compromising its photoelectrochemical water splitting capabilities. The tailoring was performed by varying the hydrogen concentration in the semiconductor and by post-deposition isochronical annealing treatments from 100 °C to 700 °C. Bandgap values were obtained by fitting the fundamental absorption region of the absorption coefficient using three different models. Differences among bandgap values extracted by these methods and its correlation with the a-SiC:H structure, demonstrate that structural features, rather than a hydrogen rearrangement or depletion, would be responsible for annealing induced optical bandgap increment. These features are taking in advantage for the bandgap engineering of a-SiC:H without changing Si-C stoichiometry. Optical bandgap values for p-doped a-SiC:H samples gradually increased from 2.59 to 2.76 eV upon performing each annealing step until 600 °C. Temperature at which an enhancement in the electric performance is observed. We believe, these results will help on the design of monolithic tandem solar cells for water splitting applications.
High-sensitivity mapping of magnetic induction fields with nanometer-scale resolution: comparison of off-axis electron holography and pixelated differential phase contrast
Authors: Boureau Victor , Staňo Michal , Rouvière Jean-Luc , Toussaint Jean-Christophe , Fruchart Olivier , Cooper David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We compare two transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based techniques that can provide highly spatially resolved quantitative measurements of magnetic induction fields at high sensitivity. To this end, the magnetic induction of a ferromagnetic NiFe nanowire has been measured and compared to micromagnetic modeling. State-of-the-art off-axis electron holography has been performed using the averaging of large series of holograms to improve the sensitivity of the measurements. These results are then compared to those obtained from pixelated differential phase contrast, a technique that belongs to pixelated (or 4D) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) experiments. This emerging technique uses a pixelated detector to image the local diffraction patterns as the beam is scanned over the sample. For each diffraction pattern, the deflection of the beam is measured and converted into magnetic induction, while scanning the beam allows a map to be generated. Aberration corrected Lorentz (field-free) configurations of the TEM and STEM were used for an improved spatial resolution. We show that the pixelated STEM approach, even when performed using an old generation of charge-coupled device camera, provides better sensitivity at the expense of spatial resolution. A more general comparison of the two quantitative techniques is given.
Yolk-void-shell Si–C nano-particles with tunable void size for high-performance anode of lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhu Chaoye , Zhang Yao , Ma Zhihong , Wang Hui , Sly Gunnar L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Silicon is a promising anode for new-generation lithium ion batteries due to high theoretical lithium storage capacity (4200 mAh g−1). However, the low conductivity and large volumetric expansion hamper the commercialization of the silicon anode. In this case, we present a yolk-void-shell Si–C anode (denoted as Si@Void@C), which is synthesized through nano-Si oxidation, surface carbonization and etching of SiO
x
. The void can be fabricated only by the self-generation and etching of SiO
x
layer on the Si surface, without the help of template materials. Moreover, the void size can be adjusted only by means of the annealing temperature, which can be easily and precisely operated. The Si@Void@C/rGO with void size of 5 nm offers a discharge capacity of 1294 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1. These enhanced performances can be ascribed to an appropriate size (5 nm) of void space which sufficiently accommodates the silicon volume expansion and stabilizes the carbon shell. At the same time, the voids effectively inhibit the growth of the solid electrolyte interface layer by depressing the decomposition of the electrolyte on the surface of Si in Si@Void@C/rGO. Furthermore, interfaces between Si@Void@C particles and rGO sheets construct bridges for electrons’ conduction. In general, the present work provides a viable strategy for synthesizing silicon–carbon anode materials with long life.
Modification of metal-organic framework composites as trackable carriers with fluorescent and magnetic properties
Authors: Qi Xiaoyue , Chang Ziyong , Fu Guangqin , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A fluorescent metal-organic framework (EuMOF) based on Eu3+ nodes coordinated by 1,1′:2′,1″-terphenyl-4,4′,4″,5′-tetracarboxylate (H4ttca) linkers has been developed as a trackable carrier with inherent fluorescence. Since Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) have great value in versatile applications in vivo/vitro including imaging, cell isolation and magnetic responsivity, Fe3O4 NPs were introduced in the EuMOF composites to enhance the multifunctionalities. It has been demonstrated that the Fe3O4 NPs functionalized EuMOF composites have capability for tumor cell retrieval from matrix followed by anti-cancer drug release, which is promising to be developed as an integrated drug screening platform. Cytotoxicity was evaluated and the EuMOF-based nanocomposite exhibits significantly greater (up to 4x) biocompatibility tested on MCF-7 cells than the Zn-based MOF (the same ligand). Moreover, the EuMOF nanocarrier is capable of loading and releasing anti-cancer drugs in a controllable manner, where Doxorubicin (Dox) functionalized as a payload. Controllable release was successfully achieved after incubation with tumor cells and endocytosis analysis was obtained through the fluorescent imaging which offers monitoring of apoptosis after cargo release. Overall, fluorescent/magnetic properties of EuMOF has been investigated systematically, making it easy to be tracked in potential in vivo/vitro applications. As a drug carrier, it is biocompatible and shows highly efficient drug loading within 5 min, holding great promise in potential therapeutic delivery and other clinical applications.
Self-rectifying resistance switching memory based on a dynamic p–n junction
Authors: Wu Changjin , Li Xiaoli , Xu Xiaohong , Lee Bo Wha , Chae Seung Chul , Liu Chunli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although resistance random access memory (RRAM) is considered as one of the most promising next-generation memories, the sneak-path issue is still challenging for the realization of high-density crossbar memory array. The integration of the rectifying effect with resistance switching has been considered feasible to suppress the sneaking current. Herein, we report a self-rectifying resistance switching (SR-RS) by a newly discovered Li ions migration induced dynamic p–n junction at the Li-doped ZnO and ZnO layer interface. The Au/Li–ZnO/ZnO/Pt structure exhibits a forming-free and stable resistance switching with a high resistance ratio of R
OFF/R
ON ∼ 104 and a large rectification ratio ∼106. In the Li–ZnO/ZnO bilayer, the electric field drives the dissociation and recombination of the self-compensated

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−

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complex pairs (

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:

p-type substitutional defect;

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i

i

+

:

n-type interstitial defect) through the transport of

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+

between the two layers, thereby induces the formation of a dynamic p–n junction. Using this structure as a memory stacking device, the maximum crossbar array size has been calculated to be ∼16 Mbit in the worst-case scenario, which confirms the potential of the proposed device structure for the selection-device free and high-density resistance random access memory applications.