bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Distributional Impact of the COVID‐19 Crisis*
Authors: O'Donoghue Cathal , Sologon Denisa M. , Kyzyma Iryna , McHale John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 emergency has had a dramatic impact on market incomes and income‐support policies. The lack of timely available data constrains the estimation of the scale and direction of recent changes in the income distribution, which in turn constrains policymakers seeking to monitor such developments. We overcome the lack of data by proposing a dynamic calibrated microsimulation approach to generate counterfactual income distributions as a function of more timely external data than are available in dated income surveys. We combine nowcasting methods using publicly available data and a household income generation model to perform the first calibrated simulation based upon actual data, aiming to assess the distributional implications of the COVID‐19 crisis in Ireland. Overall, we find that the crisis had an equalizing real‐time effect for both gross and disposable incomes, notwithstanding the significant hardship experienced by many households.
Views of Medical Examiners and Psychiatrists on the Compatibility of the Mental State with Detention in Police Custody in Marseille University Hospital
Authors: Houcinat Mouna , Arcani Robin , Jouve Elisabeth , Poinso François , Piercecchi Marie‐Dominique , Guivarch Jokthan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolice custody is detention in response to a suspicion of crime. A person in custody has the right to be examined by a physician, who is responsible for determining whether the person’s medical condition allows him/her to continue to be held in detention. However, there is no consensus on the definition of compatibility of the mental state with custody. Our objective was to determine the relevant criteria for compatibility and incompatibility of the mental state with detention in police custody according to medical examiners and psychiatrists. A descriptive study using a semi‐structured questionnaire was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017 with medical examiners and psychiatrists who examined detainees in police custody in Marseille. We recruited 17 medical examiners and 43 psychiatrists. We identified three sets of criteria used to determine a mental state compatible with custody: care, pathology/disorder, and the context of police custody. The primary determinant of incompatibility was a need for immediate hospitalization, followed by a high suicide risk, psychiatric dangerousness, delusional symptomatology, an inability to understand questions, and an inability for the detainee to defend him‐/herself. The psychiatrists and medical examiners differed significantly in their views of suicide risk, delusional symptomatology, and psychiatric diagnosis. Our work has permitted identification of the main determinants of incompatibility of the mental state with custody according to psychiatrists and medical examiners in Marseille. It offers preliminary results to reach a consensus and provide an inventory for physicians to use regarding police custody.
Sustained maternal antibody and cellular immune responses in pregnant women infected with Zika virus and mother to infant transfer of Zika‐specific antibodies
Authors: Collier Ai‐ris Y. , Borducchi Erica N. , Chandrashekar Abishek , Moseley Edward , Peter Lauren , Teodoro Nicholas S. , Nkolola Joseph , Abbink Peter , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: June 2020

ProblemEvaluation of Zika virus (ZIKV)‐specific humoral and cellular immune response in pregnant women exposed to ZIKV.Method of StudyIn this observational, prospective cohort study, we recruited pregnant women presenting for prenatal ultrasound for ZIKV exposure at a single academic teaching hospital in Boston, MA from November 2016 to December 2018. We collected blood, urine, and cervicovaginal swabs antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum; and cord blood and placenta at delivery. We used experimental assays to calculate quantitative viral loads, ZIKV‐specific immunoglobulin titers, and ZIKV‐specific T‐cell responses.ResultsWe enrolled 22 participants, three of which had serologic‐confirmed ZIKV infection. No participants demonstrated sustained ZIKV shedding. ZIKV‐specific IgG/IgM antibody was sustained throughout pregnancy and postpartum. ZIKV envelope and capsid‐specific T‐cell responses were also observed, albeit inconsistent. No newborns in this cohort had congenital Zika syndrome. Infant cord blood of infected mothers exhibited ZIKV‐specific IgG, but not IgM antibodies.ConclusionWe detected a robust, prolonged maternal humoral immune response to ZIKV during pregnancy and postpartum. We also demonstrated evidence for efficient transplacental antibody transfer from mother to infant at birth, supporting the importance of neonatal passive immunity to ZIKV. Maternal T‐cell responses were less consistent among pregnant women infected with ZIKV.
Partisan Gaps in Political Information and Information‐Seeking Behavior: Motivated Reasoning or Cheerleading?
Authors: Peterson Erik , Iyengar Shanto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDo partisan disagreements over politically relevant facts, and preferences for the information sources from which to obtain them, represent genuine differences of opinion or insincere cheerleading? The answer to this question is crucial for understanding the scope of partisan polarization. We test between these alternatives with experiments that offer incentives for correct survey responses and allow respondents to search for information before answering each question. We find that partisan cheerleading inflates divides in factual information, but only modestly. Incentives have no impact on partisan divides in information search; these divides are no different from those that occur outside the survey context when we examine web‐browsing data from the same respondents. Overall, our findings support the motivated reasoning interpretation of misinformation; partisans seek out information with congenial slant and sincerely adopt inaccurate beliefs that cast their party in a favorable light.
Anatomic characteristics of epididymis based on histology, proteomic, and 3D reconstruction
Authors: Zhao Jun , Zhai Xiaoqiang , Ma Yubo , Zhang Tongdian , Wang Ziming , Chong Tie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe epididymis is a popular research topic in urology and reproduction.ObjectivesTo explore and identify the anatomical characteristics of the epididymis based on histology, proteomics, and 3D reconstruction of epididymal tubules.Materials and methodsA 3D reconstruction of epididymal tubules was generated based on 7‐μm‐thick transverse serial sections of an epididymis. The proteins in the subcompartments of the epididymis were obtained and analyzed by non‐labeled sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH MS). Protein function, signaling pathways, protein expression, and the histology in different subcompartments were analyzed.ResultsThe caput (Cap), corpus (Cor), and cauda (Cau) of the epididymis were divided into 6, 10, and 4 subcompartments, respectively, and the subcompartment between the Cap and Cor is mixed together. A total of 3411 proteins were identified, and 854 proteins were accurately quantified after screening. When the subcompartment Cap 5 transitioned to Cap 6 and Cap 6 to Cap 7, 87 and 52 proteins were upregulated and 14 and 7 proteins were downregulated, respectively. The Cor 9 transition to Cau 1 was marked by 230 proteins that were downregulated, while 74 proteins were upregulated. At the junction of the cauda and the vas deferens, 57 proteins were downregulated, and 410 proteins were upregulated. Cap 6 histology was consistent with that of Cor 1.Discussion and conclusionThe epididymis contains distinct connective tissue septa that can be identified under a surgical tabletop microscope, enabling it to be divided into 20 subcompartments.
The cost‐effectiveness of transurethral resection of the prostate vs thulium laser transurethral vaporesection of the prostate in the UNBLOCS randomised controlled trial for benign prostatic obstruction
Authors: Noble Sian M. , Ahern Aideen M. , Worthington Jo , Hashim Hashim , Taylor Hilary , Young Grace J. , Brookes Sara , Abrams Paul , Johnson Lyndsey , Khan Rafiyah , Page Toby , Swami Kuchibhotla Satchi , Lane Janet Athene 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the cost‐effectiveness of the current ‘gold standard’ operation of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) compared to the new laser technique of thulium laser transurethral vaporesection of the prostate (ThuVARP) in men with benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) within the UK National Health Service (NHS).Patients and MethodsThe trial was conducted across seven UK centres (four university teaching hospitals and three district general hospitals). A total of 410 men aged ≥18 years presenting with either bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or urinary retention secondary to BPO, and suitable for surgery, were randomised (whilst under anaesthetic) 1:1 to receive the TURP or ThuVARP procedure. Resource use in relation to the operation, initial inpatient stay, and subsequent use of NHS services was collected for 12 months from randomisation (equivalent to primary effectiveness outcome) using hospital records and patient questionnaires. Resources were valued using UK reference costs. Quality adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated from the EuroQoL five Dimensions five Levels (EQ‐5D‐5L) questionnaire completed at baseline, 3‐ and 12‐months. Total adjusted mean costs, QALYs and incremental Net Monetary Benefit statistics were calculated: cost‐effectiveness acceptability curves and sensitivity analyses addressed uncertainty.ResultsThe total adjusted mean secondary care cost over the 12 months in the TURP arm (£4244) was £9 (95% CI –£376, £359) lower than the ThuVARP arm (£4253). The ThuVARP operation took on average 21 min longer than TURP. The adjusted mean difference of QALYs (0.01 favouring TURP, 95% CI −0.01, 0.04) was similar between the arms. There is a 76% probability that TURP is the cost‐effective option compared with ThuVARP at the £20 000 per QALY willingness to pay threshold used by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).ConclusionOne of the anticipated benefits of the laser surgery, reduced length of hospital stay with an associated reduction in cost, did not materialise within the study. The longer duration of the ThuVARP procedure is important to consider, both from a patient perspective in terms of increased time under anaesthetic, and from a service delivery perspective. TURP remains a highly cost‐effective treatment for men with BPO.
Rheumatoid arthritis synovial microenvironment induces metabolic and functional adaptations in dendritic cells
Authors: Canavan M , Marzaioli V , McGarry T , Bhargava V , Nagpal S , Veale D J , Fearon U 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which causes degradation of cartilage and bone. It is well appreciated that the pathogenic hallmark of RA is the mass influx of inflammatory cells into the joint. However, the role that dendritic cells (DC) may play in this inflammatory milieu is still relatively unexplored. Moreover, the contribution this unique synovial microenvironment has on DC maturation is still unknown. Using monocyte-derived DC (MoDC), we established an in-vitro model to recapitulate the synovial microenvironment to explore DC maturation. MoDC treated with conditioned media from ex-vivo synovial tissue biopsy cultures [explant-conditioned media (ECM)] have increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules. ECM DC have increased expression of CD83 and CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)7 and decreased expression of CCR5 and phagocytic capacity, suggestive of heightened DC maturation. ECM-induced maturation is concomitant with altered cellular bioenergetics, whereby increased expression of glycolytic genes and increased glucose uptake are observed in ECM DC. Collectively, this results in a metabolic shift in DC metabolism in favour of glycolysis. These adaptations are in-part mediated via signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3), as demonstrated by decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and glycolytic genes in ECM DC in response to STAT-3 inhibition. Finally, to translate these data to a more in-vivo clinically relevant setting, RNA-seq was performed on RA synovial fluid and peripheral blood. We identified enhanced expression of a number of glycolytic genes in synovial CD1c+ DC compared to CD1c+ DC in circulation. Collectively, our data suggest that the synovial microenvironment in RA contributes to DC maturation and metabolic reprogramming.
Empathy amongst dental students: An institutional cross‐sectional survey in Poland and Croatia
Authors: Brekalo Prso Ivana , Mocny‐Pachońska Katarzyna , Trzcionka Agata , Pezelj‐Ribaric Sonja , Paljevic Ema , Tanasiewicz Marta , Persic Bukmir Romana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo determine and compare levels of empathy and its dimensions in Polish and Croatian dental students.MethodsFourth‐ and fifth‐year dental students (N = 193) at the University of Rijeka and University of Silesia completed questionnaires to determine levels of overall empathy and its dimensions: compassionate care (CC), perspective taking (PT) and ability to stand in someone else's shoes (ASSES). Total empathy and its dimensions were analysed depending on the country of origin, year of study and gender of the participants. The HPS version of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy was used to conduct the research. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsThe analysis showed no significant differences in total empathy level between Polish and Croatian students (P = .838). However, separate analysis of empathy items showed significant differences between the two groups. Croatian students obtained significantly higher average PT values (P = .021), whilst Polish students had significantly higher CC scores (P < .001). Analysis of Croatian respondents revealed significantly higher ASSES scores in the fourth‐ and fifth‐year students (P = .047). Analysis in the Polish group demonstrated an increase in PT scores from the fourth to the fifth year of study (P = .008).ConclusionCroatian students scored higher on items associated with cognitive empathy, whilst Polish students displayed higher values in the aspect of emotional empathy. The present results demonstrated an increase in cognitive empathy level in Polish students, whilst in their Croatian colleagues, the level of cognitive empathy decreased with the progression of the academic programme.
Adult‐onset very‐long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD)
Authors: Fatehi F. , Okhovat A. A. , Nilipour Y. , Mroczek M. , Straub V. , Töpf A. , Palibrk A. , Peric S. , Rakocevic Stojanovic V. , Najmabadi H. , Nafissi S. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeVery‐long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) is a hereditary disorder of mitochondrial long‐chain fatty acid oxidation that has variable presentations, including exercise intolerance, cardiomyopathy and liver disease. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and genetic manifestations of six patients with adult‐onset VLCADD.MethodsIn this study, the clinical, pathological and genetic findings of six adult patients (four from Iran and two from Serbia) with VLCADD and their response to treatment are described.ResultsThe median (range) age of patients at first visit was 31 (27–38) years, and the median (range) age of onset was 26.5 (19–33) years. Parental consanguinity was present for four patients. Four patients had a history of rhabdomyolysis, and the recorded CK level ranged between 67 and 90 000 IU/l. Three patients had a history of exertional myalgia, and one patient had a non‐fluctuating weakness. Through next‐generation sequencing analysis, we identified six cases with variants in the ACADVL gene and a confirmed diagnosis of VLCADD. Of the total six variants identified, five were missense, and one was a novel frameshift mutation identified in two unrelated individuals. Two variants were novel, and three were previously reported. We treated the patients with a combination of L‐carnitine, Coenzyme Q10 and riboflavin. Three patients responded favorably to the treatment.ConclusionAdult‐onset VLCADD is a rare entity with various presentations. Patients may respond favorably to a cocktail of L‐carnitine, Coenzyme Q10, and riboflavin.
Predicting outcomes after acute reperfusion therapy for basilar artery occlusion
Authors: Jadhav A. P. , Desai S. M. , Panczykowski D. M. , Rangaraju S. , Campbell D. , Ritvonen J. K. , Schreiner M. , Silvennoinen H. , Gerber J. , Puetz V. , Raza S. A. , Haussen D. C. , Nogueira R. G. , Strbian D. , Jovin T. G. , Lindsberg P. J. 
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeBasilar artery occlusion (BAO) leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality, despite successful recanalization. The discordance between flow restoration and long‐term functional status clouds clinical decision‐making regarding further aggressive care. We sought to develop and validate a practical, prognostic tool for the prediction of 3‐month favorable outcome after acute reperfusion therapy for BAO.MethodsThis retrospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted at four high‐volume stroke centers in the USA and Europe. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of favorable outcome (90‐day modified Rankin scale scores 0–2) and derive a clinically applicable prognostic model (the Pittsburgh Outcomes after Stroke Thrombectomy‐Vertebrobasilar (POST‐VB) score). The POST‐VB score was evaluated and internally validated with regard to calibration and discriminatory ability. External validity was assessed in patient cohorts at three separate centers.ResultsIn the derivation cohort of 59 patients, independent predictors of favorable outcome included smaller brainstem infarct volume on post‐procedure magnetic resonance imaging (P < 0.01) and younger age (P = 0.01). POST‐VB score was calculated as: age + (10 × brainstem infarct volume). POST‐VB score demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability [area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.91] and adequate calibration (P = 0.88) in the derivation cohort (Center A). It performed equally well across the three external validation cohorts (Center B, AUC = 0.89; Center C, AUC = 0.78; Center D, AUC = 0.80). Overall, a POST‐VB score < 49 was associated with an 88% likelihood of favorable outcome, as compared to 4% with a score ≥ 125.ConclusionsThe POST‐VB score effectively predicts 3‐month functional outcome following acute reperfusion therapy for BAO and may aid in guiding post‐procedural care.
The UK Veterinary Immunological Toolbox Website: promoting vaccine research by facilitating communication and removing reagent barriers
Authors: Mwangi William , Maccari Giuseppe , Hope Jayne C. , Entrican Gary , Hammond John A. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryUsing the best animal models to study immune responses against specific pathogens or vaccines can dramatically accelerate our understanding. Veterinary species are well studied, particularly livestock, to reduce their disease burden. They have also proven to be powerful models, especially for zoonotic pathogens and novel vaccination strategies. A prerequisite for any model selection is having the right quality and range of species‐specific immunological reagents. To help promote the widest possible use of veterinary species, an open access website (https://www.immunologicaltoolbox.co.uk) has been created as a central community annotated hub for veterinary immunological reagents. The website is also the portal into services offered by the UK Immunological Toolbox project that includes antibody generation, sequencing and recombinant expression. The funding for this effort is linked into sustainable sources, but ultimate success relies on community engagement to continually increase the quality and quantity of information. It is hoped that as more users and reagent owners engage, it will become an essential resource for researchers, veterinarians and clinicians alike by removing barriers that prevent the use of the most informative animal models.
‘Core Subjects’ Policy and Arts Education for the Rich
Authors: Barchana‐Lorand Dorit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhat happens to art education when the national school curriculum in Israel follows a ‘core subjects’ policy? Allocating only two hours for all five art subjects (visual arts, music, drama, dance and cinematic arts) that remain outside the core curriculum increases the social‐economic gap between children whose parents can fund their art education privately and children whose parents cannot afford this. This also has worrying consequences for art teachers (most of them women) deprived of job security.
The contribution of the systolic and diastolic components for the diagnosis of arterial hypertension under the 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline and metabolic heterogeneity among individuals with Stage 1 hypertension
Authors: Cesena Fernando H. Y. , Nary Fernando C. , Santos Raul D. , Bittencourt Marcio S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline on the distribution pattern of hypertension modalities (isolated systolic hypertension [ISH], isolated diastolic hypertension [IDH], and systolic‐diastolic hypertension [SDH]). This cross‐sectional study had the following objectives: to compare the prevalence of hypertension, ISH, IDH, and SDH, according to the definitions of the JNC 7 or the 2017 guideline; to determine the relative contribution of the systolic and the diastolic components for the diagnosis of hypertension; and to compare the metabolic profile of ISH, IDH, or SDH among new hypertensive individuals by the 2017 guideline. The authors retrospectively evaluated 33 594 patients (42 ± 10 years, 67% male) who underwent a routine health evaluation. Hypertensive patients not using antihypertensive medication were classified into ISH, IDH, or SDH using guideline‐defined thresholds. The prevalence of hypertension increased from 21.1% by the JNC 7 definition to 54.7% using the 2017 criteria (2.6‐fold increase). More profound increases were seen in the prevalence of IDH (8.7‐fold) and SDH (3.3‐fold), whereas the prevalence of ISH reduced from 1.1% (JNC 7) to 0.5% (2017 definition). Among patients with Stage 1 hypertension by the 2017 document, 85% had IDH and fewer metabolic abnormalities compared to those with SDH or ISH. The authors concluded that the 2017 guideline inflates the role of the diastolic component and diminishes the contribution of the systolic component for the diagnosis of hypertension. Individuals with Stage 1 hypertension by the 2017 guideline are metabolically heterogeneous and may have different long‐term prognoses.