bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hatred of Inferiority and Confrontation with the West
Authors: Daneshgar Majid 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses particularly on the influence on Muslim approaches to the West and Westerners and the study of the Qurʾān in the Muslim academy of Edward W. Said’s important work on cultural representation, Orientalism. It looks at how Said did not, in the nature of things, accurately depict the West and Westerners and how, in respect to the study of Islam, Muslims have tended to substitute Western scientists and literary figures for Western scholars of Islam. Finally, chapter 4 seeks to explain how a Muslim “inferiority complex,” as (tacitly) played out in Orientalism, has over the years been absorbed into the religious teaching of Islam and given rise to much of the substance to the defensive quality of the “Islamic Apologetics” that the Muslim academy has opposed to historical critical Islamic studies.
BCG and Technopolitics from Europe to Empire
Authors: Velmet Aro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes how the BCG vaccine became a technopolitical weapon in an empire divided between social hygienist and Pastorian interventionist approaches to public health. Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin’s vaccine came under attack in Europe, particularly after a batch of contaminated vaccines killed dozens of infants in Lübeck, Germany. Deploying the vaccine in the empire helped Pastorians to strengthen their claims of the vaccine’s safety and respond to critics at the League of Nations. For imperial administrators, BCG was a cheaper alternative to social hygienist solutions such as shorter working hours, vacations, and sanatoriums, which Vietnamese doctors increasingly suggested. The chapter also highlights the importance of the Rockefeller wartime mission to France.
Pushing Citizens Aside
Authors: Gastil John , Knobloch Katherine R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Democracy has always been an experiment in institutional design. From ancient Athens to the modern jury, democratic governance abounds with attempts to introduce citizens into governing processes. As chapter 2 shows, many of these institutional innovations, however, have been replaced with replicas that do little to empower the public. Even elite institutions designed for deliberative discussions, such as legislatures, have become beholden to partisan politics that result in a line-up of speakers with no listeners. Elections have suffered a similar fate with moneyed rhetoric and media behemoths focused on profit displacing informed discussion among citizens. The problem is exacerbated by the rising power of campaign consultants motivated to win at all costs and, most recently, the exceptional disregard for facts in recent populist campaigns, such as that of Donald Trump in 2016.
Progressive Politics in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Gastil John , Knobloch Katherine R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Through interviews with the civic innovators responsible for bringing these civic innovations into existence, chapter 4 recounts the development of Citizens’ Juries and the Citizens’ Initiative Review (CIR). Since the 1970s, Citizens’ Juries have convened a sample of approximately twenty-four citizens, reflective of the demographics of the communities from which they are drawn, to collectively study, discuss, and assess policies and electoral candidates. The CIR was born of this idea. It asks citizens to study a ballot measure and then provide an assessment of that measure for the wider public to utilize when casting their ballots. In the chapter’s telling of these stories, readers are introduced to four civic reformers—Ned Crosby, Pat Benn, Tyrone Reitman, and Elliot Shuford. Each of these individuals played a key role in the design, lobbying, and eventual implementation of the CIR.
Describing Calvinism
Authors: Rester Todd 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The term “Calvinism” and the propriety, accuracy, and utility of its usage have become the focus of debates in historical theology and in social and cultural history. The word is a terminological construction referring to an array of controversies within and between religious communities and cultures, representing contested cultural values, practices, and visions for the church and for society. These polemical constructions of Calvinism and Reformed frequently depend on confessional sources. These controversies, which took place over several centuries, must be evaluated in their varying historical, geographical, social, cultural, and intellectual contexts. This chapter evaluates the sources that have been polemically deployed for the construction of the terms “Calvinism” and “Reformed.”
Calvinism and Theater in Early Modern England and the Dutch Republic
Authors: Sierhuis Freya , Streete Adrian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effect of Calvinism on European literary culture was powerful and long-lasting, creating a highly mobile, dynamic, transnational community of writers, publishers, translators, and readers. Many of these readers of Calvin had an interest in the stage. After all, the Institutes of the Christian Religion was translated into English in 1561 by Thomas Norton, coauthor of the blank verse, political tragedy Gorboduc. Calvin’s ideas and imagery were appropriated by English and Dutch playwrights from across the confessional spectrum. This chapter argues that there is a distinctiveness to this literature, often itself the product of the experience of religious war, persecution, and exile: a militant, combative providentialism, combined with a pronounced dualism, often shading over into apocalypticism; a preoccupation with, and fear of, the dangers of idolatry; and an inclination to a rigorous, frequently punishing, form of religious introspection and self-examination.
Critical Realism and Contrastive Ethnography
Authors: Decoteau Claire Laurier 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Though critical realism has been featured in sociological debates about the philosophy of science, its relevance to methodological considerations, and especially to ethnographic scholarship, is quite limited. This chapter combines an extended case method approach to ethnography with a critical realist approach to comparison. Critical realism augments ethnographic comparison in two ways: 1) by showing that one can compare across both events and causal mechanisms due to ontological stratification; and 2) by considering the conjunctural and contingent nature of causality. However, critical realism’s emphasis on causality is also complicated by ethnographic research, which sheds light on the mutual causal relationship between structures and actors. This chapter, therefore, considers what critical realism has to offer ethnography and what ethnography, in turn, offers critical realism. It does so by comparing the experiences and beliefs of Somali refugee communities in Minneapolis and Toronto, who are contending with high rates of autism spectrum disorder and have forged epistemic communities united around an etiology, ontology, and treatment protocol that challenges mainstream science.
Socially Undocumented Embodiment
Authors: Reed-Sandoval Amy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter continues to build the argument that “being socially undocumented” entails having such a real and unique social identity. It argues that “being socially undocumented” is embodied. To make this argument, it first engages the narratives of socially undocumented people themselves as conveyed in the contexts of music, poetry, ethnographic interviews, and first-person testimonios in order to understand aspects of socially undocumented embodiment from the perspectives of those who experience it. Second, it traces the development of socially undocumented embodiment over the course of United States history, focusing on the Mexican-American war, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, the Johnson-Reed Act, Repatriation, and the Bracero Program. These explorations will reveal, it is argued, that socially undocumented embodiment is both racialized and class-based in nature. This means that “being socially undocumented” meets at least one of the criteria of a “visible” social identity identified in Chapter 2.
Rethinking “Open Borders”
Authors: Reed-Sandoval Amy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter seeks to problematize the so-called open borders option as a means for undermining the oppressive constraints associated with socially undocumented identity. Its goal is to create conceptual space for a philosophical conversation about the legitimacy of our current system of borders and its relationship to ongoing socially undocumented oppression that is not beholden to established frameworks of the established open borders debate. First, it explores a range of reasons why one might argue that opening borders could reduce socially undocumented oppression. Second, it argues that despite this appeal of an open borders policy, such oppression could nevertheless continue to exist in an “open borders world.” Third, it argues positively that eliminating borders is not, at present, the most effective means for addressing socially undocumented oppression.
Voice and Disjuncture in Celebrity Impersonation
Authors: Meizel Katherine 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Las Vegas is a reflection of neoliberal globalization—not only in its collection and display of global imagery but also in its shift from mob-dependent finances to late 20th-century corporate capitalism (Ventura 2012: 46). The topography of the world captured in a souvenir snow globe, the city offers visitors a set of intertwined performative layers, a collection of façades and masquerades that shape the city’s distinctive character. Theatrical transvestism in Vegas has performed and celebrated many permutations of difference (a Black Elvis, a male Barbra Streisand), at once underlining and undermining the fluidity of identity. Chapter 3 details the ways in which such disjunctures between bodies and voices—gendered, disabled, racialized—are manipulated by Vegas celebrity impersonators, and how they paradoxically contribute to the construction of these performers’ own identities.
Introduction
Authors: Sun Huatong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes what motivated the author to write the book with a critical, cultural approach at the intersection of professional and technical communication, human–computer interaction, cultural and media studies, rhetoric and writing, and social informatics, guided by the question of how we should design usable, meaningful, and empowering social media technology for culturally diverse users in this increasingly globalized world. It explains the urgent call for a global approach to cross-cultural social media design at the crossroads of social media design; introduces a set of fundamental concepts for critical design used in the book for cross-disciplinary conversations; and previews the book structure. The critical, global design approach applies a macroscopic understanding and critical vision of culture and structure from the broader sociocultural context to drive microscopic design implementations in the immediate context. It is a new development of “culturally localized user experience” (CLUE) presented in the author’s 2012 book, but readers don’t need to read the former book to proceed with this book.
Alien Experience
Authors: Tumulty Maura 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Some philosophers argue that our attitudes and emotions directly express our agency (so that we are responsible for them or enjoy distinctive first-person authority with respect to them). Proponents and critics of agency-in-the-attitudes accounts assume that experiences couldn’t fit any of the available models of agency-in-mental-life. But many perceptions and sensations contain content that subjects can endorse or regret. In cases involving certain kinds of fatigue, and in cases where subjects suspect they harbor tacit bias, subjects feel alienated from experiences whose content they partially reject. This chapter makes the case that these episodes of alienation deserve theoretical attention, and suggests that the relevant set of alienable experiences is marked by subjects’ suspicion that a morally improved version of themselves would not be having the relevant experiences.
Self-Control
Authors: Tumulty Maura 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Some philosophers distinguish between judgmental control (or rational control) and merely managerial self-control—particularly with respect to our control of our mental states. States like desire are normatively supposed to disappear whenever we sincerely endorse judgments in tension with them. (I am not supposed to continue wanting to smoke after I sincerely judge smoking to be bad for me.) When such states prove recalcitrant—when they resist judgmental control—we can apply to ourselves methods that also work when we use them on others. However, some forms of merely managerial control are also essentially first-personal in character. Investigating their first-personal character explains why some experiences can feel alien to us in the way some of our desires can—even though we don’t usually expect that our experiences will bend to our judgments.
Embracing the “Fiction of Equality”
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter addresses why political humility should be affirmed and promoted, even against some dominant societal norms. It takes as its departure point Ambedkar’s own core questions around moral duties in his deeply segregated and inegalitarian domestic context: “Why must the individual be the end and not the means of all social purposes? . . . Why should we sacrifice our most precious possessions and our lives to defend the rights of the human person?” He offers practically oriented arguments for accepting the “fiction of equality” and seeking equal treatment for all persons from social and political institutions. He also offers multiple doctrinal and nondoctrinal groundings for affirming the high equal worth of persons and the high moral status it would entail. Each, it is shown, supports the recognition of equal standing that is at the core of political humility, while also providing important groundings for some categories of fundamental individual rights.
Breaking India
Authors: Cabrera Luis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) case, with emphasis on the disloyalty and neo-imperial conspiracy charges levied against activists from the National Campaign on Dalit Human Rights (NCDHR), and related claims of moral parochialism against cosmopolitanism. Details are offered on the BJP’s distinctive Hindu nationalist ideology and ways in which it has informed the party’s governing actions and its critiques of the NCDHR global outreach. Responses are offered to the parochialism objections, in part via responses Ambedkar was provoked to give about the secular character of the 1950 Indian Constitution. It is argued that, while no system is wholly culturally neutral, one aiming to establish robust mechanisms of input and challenge can enable individuals to make objectionable forms of parochialism more visible and better contest them, both globally and domestically. The chapter then presents some NCDHR activists’ responses to the moral neo-imperialism claims, and to claims that they may have been simply coopted by Western nongovernmental organizations or institutions.
“A Glorious Opportunity to Destroy Faction”
Authors: Lohman Laura 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Americans commonly leveraged music to circulate narratives of partisan dominance in the early republic, and this chapter examines how Federalists in particular used music to articulate a powerful narrative of legitimacy based on the incessant presentation of Federalist heroes and Republican villains during the intensely partisan atmosphere of John Adams’s presidency. Following French attempts to bribe US diplomats, songwriters expressed a surge of federalism, nationalism, and militarism in support of Federalist projects through both ephemeral songs and “patriotic” hits like “Hail Columbia” and “Adams and Liberty.” Despite Federalists’ efforts to destroy domestic political “faction,” Republicans refused to be silenced. They used many of the same symbols, strategies, and tunes to promote different causes and inspire oppositional political action through music.
“The Skeptical Physitian”
Authors: Tabb Kathryn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis chapter makes the case that John Locke was influenced by the Pyrrhonian medical tradition, both in his own methods and commitments as a physician, and in the philosophical strategies he employed. Following Sextus Empiricus and other Pyrrhonian physicians, Locke rejects metaphysical accounts of the causal processes underlying diseases and their cures in favor of practical guidelines based on observation and experience. This approach leads Locke to explain madness as an intellectual disorder based on phenomenology and self-report, instead of in terms of the neurological processes posited by his contemporaries. Locke ultimately mobilizes this original account of madness as part of his skeptical attack on innatism, in which, analogous to his employment of Pyrrhonian strategies from cultural diversity, he argues that the commitments of dogmatists might just as well be mad as inborn. The possibility of mad ideas aping certain ones, he suggests, should give the nativist pause.
Pyrrhonian Skepticism and Humean Skepticism
Authors: Garrett Don 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRichard Popkin famously argued that David Hume “maintained the only consistent Pyrrhonian point of view”; yet Hume explicitly rejected Pyrrhonism, as he understood it, in favor of a mitigated “Academic” skepticism. The keys to understanding Hume’s relationship to Pyrrhonism lie partly in his own historical understanding of it, but even more in his own distinctive and non-Pyrrhonian theories of belief and evidence, theories that allow him to employ common sense and reflection to correct what he regards as “excessive” skeptical doubts. Central to those theories, in turn, are his conceptions of causal reasoning and of the causal relation itself. Ultimately, it is on the topic of the nature of causation that Hume comes closest to a Pyrrhonian outlook.
From oscillations to instabilities
Authors: Andersson Nils 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses seismology aspects of, in particular, neutron stars. The fundamental mode and the pressure and gravity modes are introduced by simple examples, as are the inertial r-modes of a rotating star. A discussion of uniform density ellipsoids leads on to the notion of the gravitational-wave-driven Chabdrasekhar–Friedman–Schutz instability.
Monoidal Categories
Authors: Heunen Chris , Vicary Jamie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A monoidal category is a category equipped with extra data, describing how objects and morphisms can be combined in parallel. This chapter introduces the theory of monoidal categories, including braidings, symmetries and coherence. They form the core of this book, as they provide the basic language with which the rest of the material will be developed. We introduce a visual notation called the graphical calculus, which provides an intuitive and powerful way to work with them. We also introduce the monoidal categories Hilb of Hilbert spaces and linear maps, Set of sets and functions and Rel of sets and relations, which will be used as running examples throughout the book.
Frobenius Structures
Authors: Heunen Chris , Vicary Jamie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A Frobenius structure is a monoid together with a comonoid, which satisfies an interaction law. Frobenius structures have a powerful graphical calculus and we prove a normal form theorem that makes them easy to work with. The Frobenius law itself is justified as a coherence property between daggers and closure of a category. We prove classification theorems for dagger Frobenius structures: in Hilb in terms of operator algebras and in Rel in terms of groupoids. Of special interest is the commutative case—as for Hilbert spaces this corresponds to a choice of basis—and provides a powerful tool to model classical information. We discuss phase gates and the state transfer protocol—as well as modules for Frobenius structures—and show how we can use these to model measurement, controlled operations and quantum teleportation.
Monoidal 2-Categories
Authors: Heunen Chris , Vicary Jamie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Monoidal 2-categories are higher-dimensional versions of monoidal categories, allowing a more expressive syntax that plays an important role in modern mathematics. We explore their two-dimensional graphical calculus, and show how duality gives a language for oriented surfaces, from which Frobenius algebras emerge in a natural way. We describe 2-Hilbert spaces, categorifications of Hilbert spaces and explore the monoidal 2-category 2Hilb that they give rise to. We then show how we can use dualities in 2Hilb to give a concise and purely topological language to reason about teleportation, dense coding and complementarity.
Reflections
Authors: Ashton John 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this endpiece the author reflects on the book as a whole and on his career in public health over 40 years. He considers the challenges, joys, and frustrations and pays tribute to the giants whose shoulders contemporary practitioners stand on. In taking the long view on how public health has changed during his career, he paints a picture of the route map necessary to make a contribution in the twenty-first century and regrets some of the recent developments in the organizational arrangements in England that have impeded progress. His hope is that this personal account may inspire a new generation of public health workers as they make their way with an ever-evolving agenda.
Urban Legal Culture
Authors: Johnson Tom 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues that the density of law-courts deeply conditioned the way in which townspeople engaged with legal institutions in late-medieval towns. The proximity of so many legal institutions may have made it easier for townspeople to sue in the jurisdiction best suited to their litigation; but more important than any putative consumer choice were the implications of institutional density on legal authority, as it both intensified governance and opened up the possibility of its challenge. As townspeople used different urban law-courts, they helped to constitute jurisdiction in the city, routinely drawing into the relations—sometimes conflictual, sometimes cooperative, and sometimes uneasy—between different authorities. The concerns of different urban authorities with jurisdiction over space, moreover, aligned closely with those of townspeople themselves; the denser concentrations of people in towns and cities, and the changing physical shape of cities in the later Middle Ages, meant that workable arrangements for living close together had to be continually renegotiated. As such, associative relations in urban legal culture were frequently conceived in terms of spatial regulation.