bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic strategies to remodel immunologically cold tumors
Authors: Wang Minyu , Wang Sen , Desai Jayesh , Trapani Joseph A , Neeson Paul J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induce a durable response in a wide range of tumor types, but only a minority of patients outside these ‘responsive’ tumor types respond, with some totally resistant. The primary predictor of intrinsic immune resistance to ICIs is the complete or near‐complete absence of lymphocytes from the tumor, so‐called immunologically cold tumors. Here, we propose two broad approaches to convert ‘cold’ tumors into ‘hot’ tumors. The first is to induce immunogenic tumor cell death, through the use of oncolytic viruses or bacteria, conventional cancer therapies (e.g. chemotherapy or radiation therapy) or small molecule drugs. The second approach is to target the tumor microenvironment, and covers diverse options such as depleting immune suppressive cells; inhibiting transforming growth factor‐beta; remodelling the tumor vasculature or hypoxic environment; strengthening the infiltration and activation of antigen‐presenting cells and/or effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment with immune modulators; and enhancing immunogenicity through personalised cancer vaccines. Strategies that successfully modify cold tumors to overcome their resistance to ICIs represent mechanistically driven approaches that will ultimately result in rational combination therapies to extend the clinical benefits of immunotherapy to a broader cancer cohort.
Cultivating inclusive instructional and research environments in ecology and evolutionary science
Authors: Emery Nathan C. , Bledsoe Ellen K. , Hasley Andrew O. , Eaton Carrie Diaz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs we strive to lift up a diversity of voices in science, it is important for ecologists, evolutionary scientists, and educators to foster inclusive environments in their research and teaching. Academics in science often lack exposure to research on best practices in diversity, equity, and inclusion and may not know where to start to make scientific environments more welcoming and inclusive. We propose that by approaching research and teaching with empathy, flexibility, and a growth mind‐set, scientists can be more supportive and inclusive of their colleagues and students. This paper provides guidance, explores strategies, and directs scientists to resources to better cultivate an inclusive environment in three common settings: the classroom, the research laboratory, and the field. As ecologists and evolutionary scientists, we have an opportunity to adapt our teaching and research practices in order to foster an inclusive educational ecosystem for students and colleagues alike.
Spatial capture–recapture with random thinning for unidentified encounters
Authors: Jiménez José , C. Augustine Ben , Linden Daniel W. , B. Chandler Richard , Royle J. Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models have increasingly been used as a basis for combining capture–recapture data types with variable levels of individual identity information to estimate population density and other demographic parameters. Recent examples are the unmarked SCR (or spatial count model), where no individual identities are available and spatial mark–resight (SMR) where individual identities are available for only a marked subset of the population. Currently lacking, though, is a model that allows unidentified samples to be combined with identified samples when there are no separate classes of “marked” and “unmarked” individuals and when the two sample types cannot be considered as arising from two independent observation models. This is a common scenario when using noninvasive sampling methods, for example, when analyzing data on identified and unidentified photographs or scats from the same sites.

Here we describe a “random thinning” SCR model that utilizes encounters of both known and unknown identity samples using a natural mechanistic dependence between samples arising from a single observation model. Our model was fitted in a Bayesian framework using NIMBLE.

We investigate the improvement in parameter estimates by including the unknown identity samples, which was notable (up to 79% more precise) in low‐density populations with a low rate of identified encounters. We then applied the random thinning SCR model to a noninvasive genetic sampling study of brown bear (Ursus arctos) density in Oriental Cantabrian Mountains (North Spain).

Our model can improve density estimation for noninvasive sampling studies for low‐density populations with low rates of individual identification, by making use of available data that might otherwise be discarded.
Course of body weight before and after the initiation of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Retrospective inception cohort study (ZODIAC 58)
Authors: Edens Mireille A. , van Dijk Peter R. , Hak Eelko , Bilo Henk J. G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore the effect of insulin treatment initiation on weight by taking weight change prior to initiation into account.Materials and methodsWe performed an observational retrospective inception cohort study, concerning Dutch primary care. We identified all patients that initiated insulin treatment (n = 7967) and individually matched patients with a reference patient (n = 5213 pairs). We obtained estimated mean weight changes in the five years prior to five years post insulin therapy. We applied linear regression analysis on weight change in the first year after insulin therapy (T0 to T+1), with matched group as primary determinant adjusted for pre‐insulin weight change and additional covariates.ResultsEstimated mean weight increased in the five consecutive years prior to insulin therapy (−0.23 kg in year T‐5 to T‐4, 0.01 kg in year T‐4 to T‐3, 0.07 kg in year T‐3 to T‐2, 0.24 kg in year T‐2 to T‐1, and 0.46 kg in year T‐1 to T0) and continued to increase in the first year after, that is T0 to T+1, at a slightly lower rate (0.31 ± 3.9 kg). Pre‐insulin weight change had the highest explained variance and was inversely and independently associated with weight change (p < .001). Starting insulin was associated with weight increase, independent of pre‐insulin weight change (β‐adjusted 1.228, p < .001). Stratification revealed that despite having a more or less similar baseline BMI, patients with substantial weight increase showed higher estimated mean BMI’s followed by weight loss pre‐insulin. In matched references, estimated mean weight changes were negative in all years concerning the study period, indicating consistent weight loss.ConclusionsInitiation of insulin therapy was independently associated with weight increase; however, overall effect on weight was small and subject to substantial variation. Pre‐insulin weight change is identified as a relatively strong inverse determinant of weight change after insulin initiation.
Particle‐in‐cell simulation for breakdown phenomena in vacuum
Authors: Ejiri Haruki , Fujii Takashi , Kumada Akiko , Hidaka Kunihiko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe initiating process of vacuum breakdown is still unknown despite the efforts of many researchers in the long history of vacuum insulation. This paper reports the results of Particle‐In‐Cell Monte Carlo Collision simulation of the electrons, positive ions, and neutrals in the vicinity of an emitter on the cathode. The radius of the emitter re, the temperature of the emitter T, product of macroscopic electric field and electric field enhancement factor β ⋅Emac, and the electric field enhancement factor β itself are used as the parameters. In some combinations of the parameter values, the distort of electric field and the increase in current are observed as the result of the following positive feedback: field emission, positive ion generation, electric field enhancement by approach of positive ions, and increase in field emission electrons. All parameters affect whether the current increase or not. The radius of the emitter re is a key parameter that determines the occurrence of the current increase. This is because the density of the neutrals in the region where ionization occurs becomes larger with re. Necessary conditions to occur the current increase are the field emission current in the order of 0.1 μA or more and the line integral neutral density along z‐direction at the center of the emitter in the order of 1017/m2 or more.
A voltage control method in coordination with an SVR using distributed energy resources in customers for system voltage stabilization
Authors: Ishihara Hiroki , Nada Kaho , Tanaka Miwako , Inoue Sadayuki , Kuwata Akiko , Takano Tomihiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAccording to the increase of the amount of renewable energy, voltage control of the distribution system is becoming more important. Thus, we propose a voltage control method of power conditioning systems (PCSs) in the customers serving as virtual power plant (VPP) with the step voltage regulator (SVR). The proposed method is verified by the simulation and experimental results. As a result, it is clarified that PCSs are able to control voltage moderately and cooperate with SVR under several voltage fluctuation conditions.
Laser‐scribed Graphene Electrodes as an Electrochemical Immunosensing Platform for Cancer Biomarker ‘eIF3d’
Authors: Balaban Simge , Beduk Tutku , Durmus Ceren , Celikbas Eda , Salama Khaled Nabil , Timur Suna 
Published: December 2020

AbstracteIF3d is a protein biomarker which has a potential for the diagnosis of various cancers. Herein, a bio‐platform was constructed for eIF3d sensing by using LSG and surface functionalization with anti eIF3d antibody via EDC/NHS chemistry. Following the surface modifications, XPS and several electrochemical methods were used. Difference in the signals were related to biomarker amounts between 75–500 ng/mL. LOD was calculated as 50.4 ng/mL. Selectivity of biosensor was tested by using of various interference molecules. EIF3d was also successfully detected in synthetic biological samples. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this study is one of the rare studies on use of LSGs in immunosensor studies.
Research on power system static voltage stability considering geomagnetic disturbances effect
Authors: Yang Pei‐Hong , He Bin , Kang Lan , Dong Xiao‐Ling , Liu Lian‐Guang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe reactive power losses caused by the power grid Geomagnetically Induced Current (GIC) severely disturb the static voltage stability of power systems, and may even trigger voltage collapses. In this paper, the 1 V/km uniform induced geoelectric field is adopted to analyze how greatly geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) can influence the static voltage stability of power systems, given the features of GMD disasters hitting the power grids of China. Considering the GIC reactive power losses, a method that combines second‐order sensitivity adaptive variable step size and local curve fitting is put forth to calculate the critical point of the active power and voltage nodes (PV) curve. With the increment ratio of the curve slope set at discretion, the method enables the curve to approach its critical point with great strides, a design managing to reduce the quantity of power flow calculations remarkably. By taking into account the reactive power violation of PV nodes in the acquisition of load increment step size, the method calculates the critical point of the PV curve in a much more accurate way. The method applied to the Northwest 750 kV power grid, the calculation results suggest that the 1 V/km induced geoelectric field markedly undermines the static voltage stability, thus posing grave threats to the above grid.
The aplication of Pistacia khinjuk extract nanoemulsion in a biopolymeric coating to improve the shelf life extension of sunflower oil
Authors: Hosseinialhashemi Marziehalsadat , Tavakoli Javad , Rafati Alireza , Ahmadi Fatemeh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a hydroalcoholic extract of P. khinjuk was obtained by sonication method at 60°C for 50 min. The measurement revealed that the total phenolic content of the extract was 46.0 mg/g. The results showed that the extract has an antioxidant activity of 73.5% and 8.3 (µmol TE/g DW) in DPPH radical scavenging method and FRAP assay, respectively. Also, Balango (Lallemantia royleana) and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graecum) seed gum and their composition (1:1) were used to prepare the nanoemulsion with P. khinjuk extract. The droplet mean size of nanoemulsions was ranged from 310.34 to 354.19 nm. The highest encapsulation efficiency was observed in Balango nanoemulsion. P. khinjuk extract nanoemulsion coating with Balango and TBHQ was added to sunflower oil at 200 and 100 ppm, respectively. During 24‐day storage at 60°C, samples were investigated for peroxide, acid, and p‐anisidine values at 4‐day intervals. The results showed that oils containing nanoemulsion had the highest stability during storage. However, in all samples peroxide, acid and p‐anisidine values increased but the rate of oxidation in samples containing both synthetic and natural antioxidants was slower than the control sample.
Adjustable breathing resistance for laryngectomized patients: Proof of principle in a novel heat and moisture exchanger cassette
Authors: Leemans Maartje , Muller Sara H. , van Alphen Maarten J. A. , Vallenduuk Wim , Dirven Richard , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDue to the heat and moisture exchanger's (HME) breathing resistance, laryngectomized patients cannot always use an (optimal) HME during physical exercise. We propose a novel HME cassette concept with adjustable “bypass,” to provide adjustment between different breathing resistances within one device.MethodsUnder standardized conditions, the resistance and humidification performance of a high resistance/high humidification HME (XM) foam in a cassette with and without bypass were compared to a lower resistance/lesser humidification HME (XF) foam in a closed cassette.ResultsWith a bypass in the cassette, the resistance and humidification performance of XM foam were similar to those of XF foam in the closed cassette. Compared to XM foam in the closed cassette, introducing the bypass resulted in a 40% resistance decrease, whereas humidification performance was maintained at 80% of the original value.ConclusionsThis HME cassette prototype allows adjustment between substantially different resistances while maintaining appropriate humidification performances.
Children's judgements of positive claims people make about themselves
Authors: Amemiya Jamie , Liu Zipei , Compton Brian J. , Heyman Gail D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs children learn how to manage their reputation, they must assess when it is appropriate to make positive claims about themselves. To navigate this challenge effectively, they need to learn that these statements can have reputational costs as well as benefits. Although it is well established that children develop this understanding during middle childhood, it is not known whether they understand that the costs depend on the social context in which the communication takes place. The present study addresses this question by examining whether children ages 6‐ to 10‐year‐old (N = 83) evaluate positive statements people make about themselves more favourably when the statements can plausibly be interpreted as implicit offers of help. The results showed that 9‐ to 10‐year‐olds showed context sensitivity, but 6‐ to 7‐year‐olds made consistently positive ratings regardless of context.
Where should we go? Internet searches and tourist arrivals
Authors: Cevik Serhan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe widespread availability of internet search data is a new source of high‐frequency information that can potentially improve the precision of macroeconomic forecasting, especially in areas with data constraints. This paper investigates whether travel‐related online search queries enhance accuracy in the forecasting of tourist arrivals to The Bahamas from the United States. The results indicate that Google Trends‐augmented forecast models improve forecast accuracy by about 30% compared to the traditional autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and more than 20% compared to the multivariate model incorporating macroeconomic indicators.
An overview of the innate and adaptive immune system in atherosclerosis
Authors: Mohmmad‐Rezaei Mina , Arefnezhad Reza , Ahmadi Reza , Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh Meghdad , Mirzaei Yousef , Arjmand Mohammad‐Hassan , Ferns Gordon A. , Bashash Davood , Bagheri Nader 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease usually caused by atherosclerosis, in which the coronary arteries become narrowed by atheromatous plaque. Plaques in atherosclerosis are formed through the accumulation of lipids and various immune cells. Both adaptive and innate immune systems are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and facilitate plaque formation and disease progression. Almost all immune system cells, including neutrophils, B cells, T cells monocytes, macrophages, foam cells, and dendritic cells (DCs), play a vital role in atherosclerotic plaque. Atherogenesis, the normal function of the endothelium, is initially disrupted and, then, cells of the immune system are recruited to the endothelium following increased expression of cell adhesion molecules. Accumulation of immune cells and lipids leads to the formation of a necrotic nucleus. As the disease progresses, smooth muscle cells form fibrous layers, whose rupture results in exposing the necrotic nucleus and thrombosis. Accordingly, the present review was conducted to determine the role of different cells in innate and adaptive immune systems in inhibition and progression of atherosclerosis.
A new activator of esterase D decreases blood cholesterol level through ESD/JAB1/ABCA1 pathway
Authors: Chen Xinpeng , Su Le , Yang Yuejun , Qv Jingyao , Wei Tiandi , Cui Xiaoling , Shao Jing , Liu Shuyan , Xu Zhigang , Zhao Baoxiang , Miao Junying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExcessively high cholesterol content in the blood leads to nonalcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and arteriosclerosis. Although there are increasing publications and patent applications to lower blood cholesterol with small chemical molecules, limited effective drugs can be available in clinic. It is necessary to uncover new targets and drugs to alleviate high cholesterol. Esterase D (ESD) is abundant in liver and it remains unknown about its role in cholesterol metabolism. Here we reported that small chemical molecule fluorescigenic pyrazoline derivative 5 (FPD5), a new ESD activator, could effectively reverse high blood cholesterol level and prevent fatty liver and arteriosclerosis in apoE−/− mice fed the high‐fat diet. We also observed that FPD5 could reduce oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)‐induced formation of foam cells. To further investigate the mechanism of FPD5 action on blood cholesterol modulation, we found that ESD trigged by FPD5 was aggregated in lysosome and interacted with Jun activation domain binding protein 1 (JAB1). ESD served as a deacetylase to remove Thr89 acetylation of JAB1 and increased its activity; thus, promoting the ATP‐binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1) to accelerate cholesterol efflux. Our findings demonstrate that FPD5 decreases blood cholesterol level to ameliorate NAFLD and arteriosclerosis through ESD/JAB1/ABCA1 pathway, and ESD functions as a novel nonclassical deacetylase that hydrolyzes serine/threonine acetyl group. Our findings not only highlight that FPD5 may be a pioneer drug for alleviating blood cholesterol but also indicate that ESD is a potential drug target that promotes cholesterol metabolism.
Microscopic analysis of overglaze green pigment on Chinese famille rose porcelain from the Imperial Palace
Authors: Li Yuanqiu , Sciau Philippe , Zhu Jian , Ji Luoyuan , Shan Yingying , Song Guoding 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFamille rose porcelain made in the imperial workshop was one of the symbols of the highest manufacturing techniques in ancient China. It was very precious and only owned by the royals for a long time. Because of its complex making technology, overglaze green pigment painted on famille rose porcelain shows many variations. In this work, selected porcelain shards that were excavated at the Forbidden City were analyzed by using microscopy observation, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer to obtain a deep understanding of overglaze green pigment technique on famille rose porcelain. The results revealed that four types of green pigment are used in the selected samples. With different recipes and combinative ways on green pigment and opaque white pigment, craftsmen can choose the using method of pigment to get the effect they want.
Clinical outcomes for COVID‐19 patients with diabetes mellitus treated with convalescent plasma transfusion in Wuhan, China
Authors: Dai Wei , Wu Jian , Li Tianfu , Shen Jiawei , Pang Rongrong , Luo Tao , Guo Yanju , Yang Yang , Zhao Jun , Zhang Mingchao , Li Na , Han Ying , Wu Qiuyue , Li Weiwei , Xia Xinyi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is wreaking havoc on public health systems worldwide. The diagnosis of COVID‐19 is well defined, but efficacious treatment is lacking. There is a big gap in knowledge regarding COVID‐19 patients receiving convalescent plasma transfusion (CPT), especially those also suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, among 3059 COVID‐19 patients admitted to Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital of China, we documented the characteristics of 39 COVID‐19 patients with DM receiving CPT and compared their baseline information and clinical outcomes to COVID‐19 patients with DM receiving conventional treatment. We also performed the propensity‐matched comparison of COVID‐19 patients with DM between conventional treatment and CPT. The CPT was efficacious and beneficial for COVID‐19 patients with DM, including severe or critically ill patients, without obvious adverse effects. Our data demonstrated that CPT significantly improved the clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 patients with DM, especially the cure rate and duration of hospitalization compared with that in COVID‐19 patients with DM receiving conventional treatment. This study not only provided a deeper understanding of characteristics in COVID‐19 patients with DM receiving CPT but also highlighted the efficaciousness of CPT for COVID‐19 patients with DM.
Corrosion behaviors of carbon steel induced by life activities of Phaeodactylum tricornutum in a marine environment
Authors: Zhang Han , He Xiaoyan , Hua Yong , Bai Xiuqin , Yuan Chengqing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicrobiologically influenced corrosion induced by bacteria has been studied for many years. Corrosion is known to be sensitive to the presence of microalgae, such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum. However, the life activity of P. tricornutum that influences the general and localized corrosion of carbon steel is not fully understood. The current study uses a combination of immersion tests and electrochemical experiments with a detailed surface characterization to reveal the naturally formed corrosion products with/without the presence of P. tricornutum. The results show that samples suffer from pitting corrosion and the averaged pit depths are approximately 15 μm under a light–dark cycle condition or a 24‐h constant light condition. Meanwhile, the corrosion products are mainly comprised of γ‐FeOOH and Fe3O4 in a constant light condition. However, γ‐FeOOH, Fe3O4, and FeCO3 are found in a light–dark cycle. This study proposes the fundamental mechanisms of the effect of P. tricornutum life activities on the corrosion performance of Q235 carbon steel, to fulfill the knowledge gaps of the presence of microalgae inducing the general and pitting corrosion of carbon steel.