bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing prevalence of primary biliary cholangitis in Victoria, Australia
Authors: French Janine , van der Mei Ingrid , Simpson Steve , Ng Justin , Angus Peter , Lubel John , Nicoll Amanda , Sood Siddharth , Roberts Stuart K , Kemp William , Arachchi Niranjan , Dev Anouk , Thompson Alexander , Gow Paul J 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe prevalence of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) reported in different countries varies significantly and in some parts of the world appears to be increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the 2013 prevalence of PBC in Victoria, Australia, and to determine the time trend by comparing it with previous studies undertaken in 1991 and 2002.MethodsFour case‐finding methods were used to identify cases of PBC in Victoria: (1) physicians' survey; (2) tertiary hospital search; (3) liver transplant database search; and (4) private pathology antimitochondrial antibody search.ResultsThe prevalence of PBC in Victoria, Australia, is 189.0 per million using all four methods. The average annual increase in prevalence from 1991 to 2013 was 7.7 per million per year. Using the same case‐finding methods as the 1991 Victorian prevalence study (methods 1 and 2), the prevalence of PBC increased from 19.1 per million in 1991 to 49.4 per million in 2002 (P < 0.001) and to 80.7 per million in 2013 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe current prevalence of PBC in Victoria is significantly higher than previously reported. The use of private pathology‐based case‐finding methods is important in identifying the maximum number of PBC cases.
The Epidemiology of Depressive Symptoms in the Last Year of Life
Authors: Kozlov Elissa , Dong XinQi , Kelley Amy S. , Ankuda Claire K. 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVEDepression impacts quality of life at all life stages, but the epidemiology of depression in the last year of life is unknown. This study's objectives were to document the epidemiology of depressive symptoms in the year prior to death and to assess how the trajectory of depressive symptoms varies by sociodemographic and clinical factors.DESIGNObservational, cross‐sectional, cohort study using the Health and Retirement Study.SETTINGPopulation‐based survey.PARTICIPANTSA total of 3274 individuals who died within 12 months after assessment.MEASURESPrimary outcome: eight‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD‐8). Covariates included sociodemographics, self‐reported illnesses, and activity of daily living (ADL) limitations.RESULTSAverage CESD‐8 score increased over the last year of life, with 59.3% screening positive for depression in the last month before death. Depression symptoms increased gradually from 12 to 4 months before death (increase of 0.05 points/month; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01‐0.08 points/month) and then escalated from 4 to 1 months before death (increase of 0.29 points/month; 95% CI = 0.16‐0.39 points/month). Women, younger adults, and nonwhite adults all demonstrated higher rates of depressive symptoms. Individuals with cancer reported escalating rates of depressive symptoms at the end of life, while individuals with lung disease and ADL impairment demonstrated persistently high rates throughout the year before death.CONCLUSIONSThis study revealed high rates of depressive symptoms in the last year of life as well as differences in the burden of depressive symptoms. A public health approach must be taken to screen for and appropriately treat symptoms of depression across the lifespan. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:321–328, 2020
Development and Dissemination of an Interprofessional Online Dementia Training Curriculum
Authors: Bryan Jennifer L. , Asghar‐Ali Ali Abbas 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVESDespite the growing number of individuals with dementia, clinicians skilled in caring for people with dementia, especially in rural areas, are lacking. The Program for Advancing Cognitive Disorders Education for Rural Staff (PACERS) was designed to improve clinician competency and comfort when caring for individuals with dementia. Based on an interprofessional needs assessment, six 1‐hour training modules were created: (1) Dementia and Delirium, (2) Identifying and Assessing for Dementia, (3) Treating Dementia: Case Studies, (4) Normal Cognitive Aging and Dementia Caregiving, (5) Addressing Decision Making and Safety in Dementia, and (6) Dementia and Driving. Each module is available for free on the Department of Veterans Affairs Talent Management System (TMS) for employees and the free TrainingFinder Real‐time Affiliate Integrated Network (TRAIN) platform for clinicians in the community. One continuing education unit is earned upon completion of each module.DESIGNPosttest.SETTINGOnline training at VA TMS and TRAIN.PARTICIPANTSTo date, more than 3000 modules have been completed by interprofessional healthcare learners (eg, nurses, physicians, psychologists, and social workers).MEASUREMENTSSatisfaction, perceived utility of training, knowledge, skills, and attitudes were assessed.RESULTSThe learners reported high satisfaction (mean [M] > 4) and ability to apply the knowledge and skills learned from the module to their job (M > 4) on a Likert scale (1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree).CONCLUSIONLearners also reported perceived impact on both direct patient care (eg, ability to provide education and support to individuals with dementia and their caregivers) and system‐level care (eg, more appropriate referrals). Given the number of users and their evaluation data, PACERS can serve as a model curriculum for online interprofessional dementia training. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:192–197, 2019
Diabetes self‐care behaviors in adults with disabilities: A systematic review
Authors: Yang Eunjin , Kim Hee Jung , Ryu Hyunju , Chang Sun Ju 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThe integrated evidence on diabetes self‐care behaviors in people with a disability is not commensurate with the growing number of people with both diabetes and a disability. This study aims to identify factors influencing self‐care behaviors in adults with diabetes and a disability based on a thorough review of the current evidence.MethodsThis review followed the Cochrane guidelines for systematic review research and complies with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis. To find eligible articles, five electronic databases—PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Psych‐articles, and the Cochrane Library—were searched, from the beginning of the chronological period covered by each database to June 2017. Four researchers independently conducted study selections, extracted data, and assessed the data quality.ResultsTwenty studies were reviewed to identify barriers to and facilitators of diabetes self‐care behaviors. For people with developmental disabilities, the most prominent facilitator of self‐care behaviors was the support they received for the behaviors. For people with visual impairments, that facilitator was the use of helpful assistive devices that take advantage of another sense. The main barriers to self‐care behaviors were mobility limitation for people with physical disabilities and lack of accessibility for people with visual impairments.ConclusionsThis review has identified barriers to and facilitators of diabetes self‐care behaviors by type of disability. Healthcare services need to be tailored to these facilitators and barriers, and differentiated by type of disability.
Concept analysis of dignity‐centered care for people with chronic progressive disease
Authors: Igai Yasuko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThis concept analysis describes attributes, antecedents, and consequences of dignity‐centered care for people with chronic progressive disease.MethodsRodgers' method of concept analysis was used to clarify the concept's defining attributes. Databases searched were PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Ichushi‐Web by NPO Japan Medical Abstracts Society, in English and Japanese, from 1976 to 2017. The combination of MESH and keywords used were (dignity), and (care), and (chronic disease) or (chronic illness).ResultsThree antecedents were identified: loss of physical function and reduced psychological capacity, independence and role; living with uncertainty of illness; and multi‐faceted distress. There were four attributes identified: bolstering self‐esteem, reducing multi‐faceted distress, continued relationship, and protecting individual's rights. Four consequences were identified: improved self‐esteem, relief from multi‐faceted distress, deepening the purpose and meaning of life, and maintaining and/or improving the quality of life.ConclusionDignity‐centered care is defined as: care that results in improvement of self‐esteem, deepens purpose and meaning of life, maintains and improves quality of life and provides relief from multi‐faceted distress. This happens through protecting the individual's rights, bolstering self‐esteem and reducing multi‐faceted distress through continued relationships with family, friends, and providers. There is a need for continued involvement with those individuals who have lost physical function, psychological capacity, autonomy, and role. They live with uncertainty of illness and exhibit multi‐faceted distress. This concept is a fulcrum for patient and nurse reciprocity enabling both to realize greater integrity and respect, and is useful for nursing practice and research.
Entry, Trade, and Exporting over the Cycle
Authors: ALESSANDRIA GEORGE , CHOI HORAG 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe study how international trade and exporting affect the cyclicality of establishment creation. We build a general equilibrium model with two features: (i) new establishments start small and grow gradually and (ii) exporters are persistently bigger and more productive than nonexporters. When establishments creation costs fluctuate with aggregate productivity, the model generates procyclical fluctuations in domestic establishments and importers. Without international trade, entry is weakly countercyclical and too smooth. The model generates reasonable fluctuations in the stock of importers, exporters, and domestic establishments. With an entry margin, output is hump‐shaped following a productivity shock and this hump is stronger with trade.
Electron microscopy analysis of the thermal phase transition from hydroxyapatita to β‐TCP observed in human teeth
Authors: REYES‐GASGA JOSÉ , BECERRIL NANCY VARGAS 
Published: November 2019

SummarySamples of enamel and dentin from human molar teeth were heated in air from room temperature (25°C) up to 1200°C and the phase transition from hydroxyapatite (HAP) to tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) was recorded. The changes produced in morphology and chemical composition in the tooth during heating were analysed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), characteristic x‐ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results indicated a high correlation relationship among Ca content, P content, O content and Na content, and the existence of the Kirkendall effect during the HAP‐ β‐TCP phase transition.Lay DescriptionThis work is related with tooth materials. Samples of enamel and dentine from human molar teeth were heated in air from 25°C up to 1200°C and the phase transition from hydroxyapatite (HAP) to tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) was recorded. The β‐TCP phase is also known as whitlockite. The changes produced in morphology and chemical composition in the tooth during heating were analysed by electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The results indicated a high correlation relationship among Ca, P, O and Na contents, and the existence of the Kirkendall effect, the atomic diffusion producing voids, during the HAP‐ β‐TCP phase transition.
Cranial growth in isolated sagittal craniosynostosis compared with normal growth in the first 6 months of age
Authors: Mercan Ezgi , Hopper Richard A. , Maga A. Murat 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSagittal craniosynostosis (SCS), the most common type of premature perinatal cranial suture fusion, results in abnormal head shape that requires extensive surgery to correct. It is important to find objective and repeatable measures of severity and surgical outcome to examine the effect of timing and technique on different SCS surgeries. The purpose of this study was to develop statistical models of infant (0–6 months old) skull growth in both normative and SCS subjects (prior to surgery). Our goal was to apply these models to the assessment of differences between these two groups in overall post‐natal growth patterns and sutural growth rates as a first step to develop methods for predictive models of surgical outcome. We identified 81 patients with isolated, non‐syndromic SCS from Seattle Children's Craniofacial Center patient database who had a preoperative CT exam before the age of 6 months. As a control group, we identified 117 CT exams without any craniofacial abnormalities or bone fractures in the same age group. We first created population‐level templates from the CT images of the SCS and normal groups. All CT images from both groups, as well as the canonical templates of both cohorts, were annotated with anatomical landmarks, which were used in a growth model that predicted the locations of these landmarks at a given age based on each population. Using the template images and the landmark positions predicted by the growth models, we created 3D meshes for each week of age up to 6 months for both populations. To analyze the growth patterns at the suture sites, we annotated both templates with additional semi‐landmarks equally spaced along the metopic, coronal, sagittal and lambdoidal cranial sutures. By transferring these semi‐landmarks to meshes produced from the growth model, we measured the displacement of the bone borders and suture closure rates. We found that the growth at the metopic and coronal sutures were more rapid in the SCS cohort than in the normal cohort. The antero‐posterior displacement of the semi‐landmarks also indicated a more rapid growth in the sagittal plane in the SCS model than in the normal model. Statistical templates and geometric morphometrics are promising tools for understanding the growth patterns in normal and synostotic populations and to produce objective and reproducible measurements of severity and outcome. Our study is the first of its kind to quantify the bone growth for the first 6 months of life in both normal and sagittal synostosis patients.
Contrast‐enhanced XROMM revealsin vivosoft tissue interactions in the hip ofAlligator mississippiensis
Authors: Tsai Henry P. , Turner Morgan L. , Manafzadeh Armita R. , Gatesy Stephen M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExtant archosaurs exhibit highly divergent articular soft tissue anatomies between avian and crocodilian lineages. However, the general lack of understanding of the dynamic interactions among archosaur joint soft tissues has hampered further inferences about the function and evolution of these joints. Here we use contrast‐enhanced computed tomography to generate 3D surface models of the pelvis, femora, and hip joint soft tissues in an extant archosaur, the American alligator. The hip joints were then animated using marker‐based X‐Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) to visualize soft tissue articulation during forward terrestrial locomotion. We found that the anatomical femoral head of the alligator travels beyond the cranial extent of the bony acetabulum and does not act as a central pivot, as has been suggested for some extinct archosaurs. Additionally, the fibrocartilaginous surfaces of the alligator’s antitrochanter and femoral neck remain engaged during hip flexion and extension, similar to the articulation between homologous structures in birds. Moreover, the femoral insertion of the ligamentum capitis moves dorsoventrally against the membrane‐bound portion of the medial acetabular wall, suggesting that the inner acetabular foramen constrains the excursion of this ligament as it undergoes cyclical stretching during the step cycle. Finally, the articular surface of the femoral cartilage model interpenetrates with those of the acetabular labrum and antitrochanter menisci; we interpret such interpenetration as evidence of compressive deformation of the labrum and of sliding movement of the menisci. Our data illustrate the utility of XROMM for studyingin vivoarticular soft tissue interactions. These results also allow us to propose functional hypotheses for crocodilian hip joint soft tissues, expanding our knowledge of vertebrate connective tissue biology and the role of joint soft tissues in locomotor behavior.
How the Intersections of Ethnic and Socioeconomic Identities are Associated with Well‐Being during College
Authors: Castillo‐Lavergne Claudia M. , Destin Mesmin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor Latinx and other college students from minoritized communities, racial and ethnic group membership, socioeconomic status (SES), and multiple other social identities play important roles in their college experiences and well‐being. How students perceive the intersection of their multiple identities is shaped by their own subjective understanding and by how other people and institutions perceive and position people who belong to those social groups. In the current study, we analyzed how the intersection of ethnic identity and SES identity is associated with well‐being among 19‐ to 27‐ year old (M = 22.4 years, SD = 2.3) working‐class Latinx college women. Consistent with previous research, feelings of uncertainty about SES were associated with lower psychological well‐being, but this relationship depended on ethnic identity. Specifically, the relationship between status uncertainty and well‐being was stronger for working‐class Latinx college women who were high in ethnic identity resolution. Implications for the study of identity and higher education policy and practice are discussed.
The public life of white affects
Authors: Bucholtz Mary 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe growing political power of racialized groups in white‐supremacist societies has unsettled the hegemonic position of whiteness. In the United States, this political shift has led to the linguistic repositioning of whiteness within public discourse as visible and vulnerable rather than unmarked and dominant; such repositioning operates as part of a larger strategy for maintaining white supremacy. Within white publics, which are simultaneously constituted through white public space, white public discourse, and white affects, those who are white‐identified linguistically engage in affective performances that reassert racial dominance by invoking claims of wounded whiteness. The article compares the affective strategies of white public discourse found, on the one hand, in ethnographic interviews with white youth in liberal educational spaces in California and, on the other hand, in the mediatized discourse of the US racist far right. The analysis identifies five affective discourse strategies deployed in the white public discourse of both groups: colormute racism; disavowals of racism; appropriations of diversity discourses; performances of white fragility; and claims of reverse racism. This shared set of discursive strategies is part of the larger convergence and mutual dependence of militant racism and mainstream racism in protecting all white people’s possessive investment in white supremacy.
Injuries due to foreign body ingestion and insertion in children: 10 years of experience at a single institution
Authors: Shao Fangbin , Shen Nannan , Hong Zipu , Chen Xiaoming , Lin Xiaokun 
Published: November 2019

AimForeign body (FB) injuries represent a severe public health problem during childhood. The aim of this study was to report our experience with patients with injuries due to FB ingestion and insertion who were treated surgically at our institution.MethodsA total of 78 paediatric patients who were hospitalised for FB injuries were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe series was composed of 27 males and 51 females, with a median age of 3.6 years. The cases included 35 cases of FB ingestion and 43 cases of FB insertion, including 40 cases with a vaginal insertion, 2 cases with a rectal insertion and 1 case with a urethra insertion. Intestinal perforation (n = 26) was a more common complication than intestinal obstruction (n = 9) in patients who had ingested a FB. The main clinical symptom was persistent vaginal discharge, followed by vaginal bleeding for patients with a vaginal FB insertion. Exploratory laparotomy was performed on 36 patients, while a laparoscopic approach was employed in 1 patient. Forty patients underwent hysteroscopy and one patient underwent cystotomy to remove the FB. All FBs were successfully removed. Of the 78 FBs recovered, 26 were food objects, while non‐food objects were found in 52 patients. All patients recovered well, except one patient with an intestinal obstruction from adhesions that occurred approximately 1 month after discharge.ConclusionsEarly recognition of FB injuries and appropriate management can significantly reduce complications. Surgical removal of a FB can be safe and effective, and relatively better outcomes can be achieved.
Diagnosis and long‐term outcome in dogs with acute onset intracranial signs
Authors: Gredal H. , Thomsen B. B. , Westrup U. , Boza‐Serrano A. , Deierborg T. , McEvoy F. J. , Platt S. , Lambertsen K. L. , Berendt M. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate dogs with acute onset of intracranial signs suspected of stroke by primary veterinary clinicians, and establish possible differential diagnoses and long‐term outcome. In addition, serum C‐reactive protein and plasma cytokines were investigated as potential biomarkers of disease.Materials and MethodsAll cases were evaluated by neurologic examination, routine haematology and biochemistry and measurement of serum C‐reactive protein, plasma cytokine concentrations (interleukin‐2, ‐6, ‐8, ‐10, tumour necrosis factor) and low‐field MRI.ResultsPrimary veterinarians contacted the investigators with 85 suspected stroke cases. Only 20 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, two were diagnosed with ischaemic stroke. Other causes were idiopathic vestibular syndrome (n=6), brain tumour (n=5) and inflammatory brain disease (n=2); in five cases a precise diagnosis could not be determined. Median survival times were: brain tumour, 3 days, idiopathic vestibular syndrome, 315 days, ischaemic stroke, 365 days and inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disease, 468 days. The median plasma concentrations of interleukin‐2, ‐6, ‐8, ‐10 or tumour necrosis factor were not significantly increased in any of the diagnosis groups compared to healthy controls. Serum C‐reactive protein was higher in dogs with brain tumours and inflammatory brain disease but not above the upper bound of the reference interval.Clinical SignificanceDogs that present with acute onset intracranial disease may have ischaemic stroke but are more likely to have other causes. Many dogs with such acute onset of neurological dysfunction (brain tumours excluded) may recover within a couple of weeks despite their initial severe clinical appearance.
Subconjunctival haemorrhage in 147 dogs
Authors: Saastamoinen J. , Rutter C. R. , Jeffery U. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo identify differential diagnoses for subconjunctival haemorrhage in dogs.Materials and MethodsRetrospective case series.ResultsOf 147 dogs with subconjunctival haemorrhage, 119 had a history of trauma. The most common types of injury were vehicular trauma (47/119) and dog attacks (32/119). Confirmed or suspected non‐accidental injury was reported for 5/119. Of the 28 dogs without a history of trauma, 13 had a bleeding disorder and of these, immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia was the most common diagnosis (9/13). Other causes included seizure disorders (4/28), vasculitis (3/28) and ocular or periocular disease (3/28).Clinical SignificanceSubconjunctival haemorrhage in dogs can be secondary to a wide range of injuries and systemic diseases, bleeding diathesis or ocular disease.