bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of current‐voltage and capacitance‐voltage characteristics of Au/n‐GaAs and Au/GaN/n‐GaAs Schottky diodes in wide temperature range
Authors: Helal Hicham , Benamara Zineb , Arbia Marwa Ben , Khettou Abderrahim , Rabehi Abdelaziz , Kacha Arslane Hatem , Amrani Mohammed 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a study of the effect of thin GaN interfacial layer (1 nm) on the electrical behavior of Au/n‐GaAs structure is investigated in wide temperature range 100 to 400 K, using Silvaco‐Atlas simulator. As a result, from I‐V characteristics, the series resistance R
s is increased with decreasing temperature for Au/GaN/n‐GaAs structure, while it is remained almost constant for Au/n‐GaAs structure. The saturation current I
s is decreased with decreasing temperature for both structures. The ideality factor n is increased, and the barrier height is decreased when temperature decreases, with important variation for Au/GaN/n‐GaAs structure. This abnormal behavior is due to the deviation of the dominant conduction mechanisms, from the thermionic emission TE current to the thermionic field emission TFE and the field emission FE. As well as, the Au/n‐GaAs structure shows a homogeneous of barrier height, while it is inhomogeneous for Au/GaN/n‐GaAs structure. In addition, from C‐V characteristics, the potential diffusion V
d and the barrier height are increased with decreasing temperature for both structures, conversely to those obtained from the TE theory. These results confirm the deviation of the TE current to the TFE and FE currents with decreasing temperature for the Au/n‐GaAs and Au/GaN/n‐GaAs Schottky diodes.
Drought risk assessment for future climate projections in the Nakdong River Basin, Korea
Authors: Kim Jong‐Suk , Park Seo‐Yeon , Hong Hyun‐Pyo , Chen Jie , Choi Si‐Jung , Kim Tae‐Woong , Lee Joo‐Heon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo prepare for the potential of extreme drought caused by climate change, both physical and socioeconomic factors need to be considered. In this study, three general circulation models were selected: IPSL‐CM5A‐LR, HadGEM2‐AO, and CanESM2 as representative scenarios for severe, moderate, and relatively weak droughts to assess the risk of droughts for future climate projections. Drought hazard was estimated using the meteorological drought index to determine drought frequency, severity, and probability. Population density, agricultural land area, and municipal, agricultural, and industrial water demand were used as drought vulnerability indicators. The Analytical Hierarchy Process technique was applied to determine the weight of each indicator, and the integrated drought risk was then estimated. HadGEM2‐AO and CanESM2 projected that drought risk would be reduced in the far future. IPSL‐CM5A‐LR projected an increased drought risk in the near and far future in the downstream area of the Nakdong River Basin. This study presented a quantitative approach to identify high drought‐risk areas that should be the focus of future extreme drought assessments and mid‐ to long‐term drought mitigation strategies.
Snow climatology in Lithuania based on the cloud‐free moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer snow cover product
Authors: Kilpys Justinas , Pipiraitė‐Januškienė Silvija , Rimkus Egidijus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSnow cover plays an important role in environmental, hydrological and climate systems. To monitor the inter‐annual and seasonal variation of snow in Lithuania, daily moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow cover products MOD10A1 and MYD10A1 were employed during the period from 2002 to 2018. The main disadvantage of the MODIS sensor is that it is unable to determine the surface conditions under cloud cover. In this study, a four‐step procedure was implemented to remove clouds from the MODIS snow products and estimated the annual and monthly number of snow cover days (SCDs). The steps included a combination of MODIS data from Aqua and Terra satellites, spatial and temporal filtering of cloud covered pixels. Additional daily minimum temperature control filter helped to reduce the misclassification snow errors. The final daily cloud‐free MODIS snow maps showed an overall accuracy of 89% when compared with manual ground observations. The lowest validation scores were determined on the Baltic Sea coast, where snow cover is ephemeral, and the highest scores were in the eastern part of the country where the climate is continental. The MODIS‐based SCD had larger relative errors in autumn, smaller errors in spring and very good agreement with the in situ observations in the middle of winter. Although the generated cloud‐free MODIS snow cover product tended to overestimate the annual SCD on average by 8.5 days, we consider it adequate to describe the inter‐annual and monthly variation of snow cover in Lithuania.
Within‐person Relationship between Creative Self‐efficacy and Individual Creativity: The Mediator of Creative Process Engagement and the Moderator of Regulatory Focus
Authors: Li Ci‐Rong , Yang Yanyu , Lin Chen‐Ju , Xu Ying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntegrating the dynamic self‐regulatory framework with the motivational self‐regulation perspective, we theorize and test how and when creative self‐efficacy increases individual creativity at the within‐person level. Conceptualizing creative process engagement as a self‐regulation effort, we theorize that creative process engagement mediates the within‐person effect of creative self‐efficacy on individual creativity. We further explore how creative self‐efficacy and chronic regulatory focus interact to affect the within‐person mediating effect. A sample of 145 R&D workers provided two monthly reports for their creative activities and experiences over 8 months. The findings provide empirical support for the hypothesized mediating mechanism. At the within‐person level, creative process engagement mediates the relationship between creative self‐efficacy and individual creativity. The results also show that chronic regulatory focus moderated the mediated relationship. Specifically, creative self‐efficacy is positively related to individual creativity for employees with a strong prevention focus and negatively related to individual creativity for employees with a strong promotion focus.
Characterization of a purified exosome product and its effects on canine flexor tenocyte biology
Authors: Qi Jun , Liu Qian , Reisdorf Ramona L. , Boroumand Soulmaz , Behfar Atta , Moran Steven L. , Amadio Peter C. , Gingery Anne , Zhao Chunfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFlexor tendon injuries and tendinopathy are very common but remain challenging in clinical treatment. Exosomes‐based cell‐free therapy appears to be a promising strategy for tendon healing, while limited studies have evaluated its impacts on tenocyte biology. The objective of this study was to characterize a novel purified exosome product (PEP) derived from plasma, as well as to explore its cellular effects on canine tenocyte biology. The transmission electron microscope revealed that exosomes of PEP present cup‐shaped structures with the diameters ranged from 80 to 141 nm, and the NanoSight report presented that their size mainly concentrated around 100 nm. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits analysis showed that PEP was positive for CD63 and AChE expression, and the cellular uptake of exosomes internalized into tenocyte cytoplasm was observed. The cell growth assays displayed that tenocyte proliferation ability was enhanced by PEP solution in a dose‐dependent manner. Tenogenic phenotype was preserved as is evident by that tendon‐related genes expression (SCX, COL1A, COL3A1, TNMD, DCN, and MKX) were expressed insistently in a high level, while tenocytes were treated with 5% PEP solution. Furthermore, migration capability was maintained and total collagen deposition was increased. More interesting, dexamethasone‐induced cellular apoptosis was attenuated during the incubation of tenocytes with a 5% PEP solution. These findings will provide the basic understandings about the PEP, and support the potential use of this biological strategy for tendon healing.
Preoperative frailty predicts adverse short‐term postoperative outcomes in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy
Authors: Rosiello Giuseppe , Palumbo Carlotta , Deuker Marina , Stolzenbach Lara Franziska , Tian Zhe , Larcher Alessandro , Capitanio Umberto , Montorsi Francesco , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Kapoor Anil , Saad Fred , Briganti Alberto , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the effect of frailty on short‐term postoperative outcomes and total hospital charges (THCs) in patients with non‐metastatic upper urinary tract carcinoma, treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU).MethodsWithin the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database we identified 11 258 RNU patients (2000‐2015). We used the Johns Hopkins frailty‐indicator to stratify patients according to frailty status. Time trends and multivariable logistic, Poisson and linear regression models were applied.ResultsOverall, 1801 (16.0%) patients were frail, 4664 (41.4%) were older than 75 years and 1530 (13.6%) had Charlson comorbidity index ≥2. Rates of frail patients increased over time, from 7.3% to 24.9% (P < .001). Frail patients exhibited higher rates (all P < .05) of overall complications (62.6% vs 50.9%), in‐hospital mortality (1.6% vs 1.0%), non‐home–based discharge (22.7% vs 12.1%), longer length of stay (LOS) (6 vs 1 day) and higher THCs ($49 539 vs $39 644). Moreover, frailty independently predicted (all P < .05) overall complications (OR, 1.46), in‐hospital mortality (OR, 1.52), non‐home–based discharge (OR, 1.36), longer LOS (RR, 1.30) and higher THCs (RR, +$11 806).ConclusionPreoperative frailty is important in RNU patients. One of four RNU patients is frail. Moreover, frailty predicts short‐term postoperative complications, as well as longer LOS and higher THCs after RNU.
Development of an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method for comparative pharmacokinetics of six triterpenoids in rat plasma and application to different forms of Phytolacca acinosa
Authors: Tao Yi , Jiang Enci , Cai Baochang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhytolacca acinosa is an herb for treatment of ascites and tumor. Two forms of P. acinosa, i.e. raw and vinegar‐processed herb, have been used in clinic. However, pharmacokinetic difference between the two forms of P. acinosa has not been fully understood. Herein, a comparative pharmacokinetic method based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed for quantification of six bioactive triterpenoids, including esculentoside H, esculentoside T, esculentoside A, esculentoside B, phytolaccagenic acid, and phytolaccagenin in rat plasma after oral administration of different forms of P. acinosa. Separation was performed on an Acquity BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 2.1 mm × 50 mm). The method was validated over a linear range of 2.0–5000 ng/mL. Intraday and interday bias were within ±5%. Besides, all triterpenoids were stable in plasma during different storage conditions. The described method was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of raw and vinegar‐processed P. acinosa in rats. Notably, double peak phenomenon for six triterpenoids of P. acinosa was observed for the first time. AUC0→t and Cmax values of esculentoside H, esculentoside T, phytolaccagenic acid, and phytolaccagenin were significantly lower in vinegar‐processed group than that of raw group, indicating the oral bioavailability of the four triterpenoids was decreased after vinegar processing.
Profiling the varietal antioxidative contents and macrochemical composition in Australian faba beans (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Johnson Joel B. , Collins Tania , Skylas Daniel , Quail Ken , Blanchard Christopher , Naiker Mani 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest in pulses such as faba bean for the development of foods with enhanced nutrition, functionality, and health benefits. In this study, seed material from 10 faba bean varieties, grown in replicated field trials in South Australia over consecutive seasons (2016 and 2017), were analysed for ferric reducing antioxidant potential, total phenolics, and total monomeric anthocyanins. Differences in the macrochemical composition of varieties was investigated using attenuated total reflectance mid‐infrared spectroscopy. The mean ferric reducing antioxidant potential of the varieties ranged from 237 to 531 mg trolox equivalents 100 g−1; the total phenolics from 258 to 571 mg gallic acid equivalents 100 g−1; and the total monomeric anthocyanins from 12.7 to 21.0 mg cyanidin‐3‐glucoside equivalents 100 g−1. Statistically significant variances in all three measures were found between varieties. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed mid‐infrared spectroscopy was found to provide a rapid assessment of the phytochemical composition of the samples. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was able to classify samples by growing year with reasonable accuracy (>87%). There is significant variation in the antioxidant, phenolic, and anthocyanin contents between Australian faba bean varieties. Mid‐infrared spectroscopy may prove to be a valuable screening tool for breeders and researchers in the future.
Impacts of deep‐sea mining on microbial ecosystem services
Authors: Orcutt Beth N. , Bradley James A. , Brazelton William J. , Estes Emily R. , Goordial Jacqueline M. , Huber Julie A. , Jones Rose M. , Mahmoudi Nagissa , Marlow Jeffrey J. , Murdock Sheryl , Pachiadaki Maria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInterest in extracting mineral resources from the seafloor through deep‐sea mining has accelerated in the past decade, driven by consumer demand for various metals like zinc, cobalt, and rare earth elements. While there are ongoing studies evaluating potential environmental impacts of deep‐sea mining activities, these focus primarily on impacts to animal biodiversity. The microscopic spectrum of seafloor life and the services that this life provides in the deep sea are rarely considered explicitly. In April 2018, scientists met to define the microbial ecosystem services that should be considered when assessing potential impacts of deep‐sea mining, and to provide recommendations for how to evaluate and safeguard these services. Here, we indicate that the potential impacts of mining on microbial ecosystem services in the deep sea vary substantially, from minimal expected impact to loss of services that cannot be remedied by protected area offsets. For example, we (1) describe potential major losses of microbial ecosystem services at active hydrothermal vent habitats impacted by mining, (2) speculate that there could be major ecosystem service degradation at inactive massive sulfide deposits without extensive mitigation efforts, (3) suggest minor impacts to carbon sequestration within manganese nodule fields coupled with potentially important impacts to primary production capacity, and (4) surmise that assessment of impacts to microbial ecosystem services at seamounts with ferromanganese crusts is too poorly understood to be definitive. We conclude by recommending that baseline assessments of microbial diversity, biomass, and, importantly, biogeochemical function need to be considered in environmental impact assessments of deep‐sea mining.
Influence of shallow and deep cryogenic treatment on the corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy in isotonic solution
Authors: Öteyaka Mustafa Ö. , Çakır Fatih Hayati , Çelik Osman N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the corrosion behavior of cryogenically treated Ti6Al4V alloys in an isotonic solution. Samples were subjected to shallow or deep cryogenic treatment, and some samples then underwent an aging procedure. They were characterized by microstructural analysis, an open circuit potential test, an electrochemical impedance method, and a potentiodynamic test. The polarization tests demonstrated that the deep cryogenic treatment shifted the corrosion potential to more anodic values compared to the untreated sample. For all treated samples, it was found that the corrosion current densities were lower than those in the untreated sample, and the lowest current densities were registered for the sample subjected to deep cryogenic treatment for 36 hr. The shallow cryogenic treated samples and the sample aged without cryogenic treatment showed semicapacitive loops with poor corrosion impedance compared to the untreated sample, whereas deep cryogenic treatment produced Warburg impedance with diffusion in the solid phase.
The testis‐specific gene 1700102P08Rik is essential for male fertility
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Long , Yun Da‐Min , Gao Sheng , Liang A‐Juan , Duan Zheng‐Zheng , Wang Han‐Shu , Wang Gui‐Shuan , Sun Fei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMale infertility is a rising problem around the world. Often the cause of male infertility is unclear, and this hampers diagnosis and treatment. Spermatogenesis is a complex process under sophisticated regulation by many testis‐specific genes. Here, we report the testis‐specific gene 1700102P08Rik is conserved in both the human and mouse and highly expressed in spermatocytes. To investigate the role of 1700102P08Rik in male fertility, knockout mice were generated by CRISPR‐Cas9. 1700102P08Rik knockout male mice were infertile with smaller testis and epididymis, but female knockout mice retained normal fertility. Spermatogenesis in the 1700102P08Rik knockout male mouse was arrested at the spermatocyte stage, and no sperm were found in the epididymis. The deletion of 1700102P08Rik causes apoptosis in the testis but did not affect the serum concentration of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle‐stimulating hormone or the synapsis and recombination of homologous chromosomes. We also found that 1700102P08Rik is downregulated in spermatocyte arrest in men. Together, these results indicate that the 1700102P08Rik gene is essential for spermatogenesis and its dysfunction leads to male infertility.
Does Medicare Coverage Improve Cancer Detection and Mortality Outcomes?
Authors: Myerson Rebecca M. , Tucker‐Seeley Reginald D. , Goldman Dana P. , Lakdawalla Darius N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMedicare is a large government health insurance program in the United States that covers about 60 million people. This paper analyzes the effects of Medicare insurance on health for a group of people in urgent need of medical care: people with cancer. We used a regression discontinuity design to assess impacts of near‐universal Medicare insurance at age 65 on cancer detection and outcomes, using population‐based cancer registries and vital statistics data. Our analysis focused on the three tumor sites for which screening is recommended both before and after age 65: breast, colorectal, and lung cancer. At age 65, cancer detection increased by 72 per 100,000 population among women and 33 per 100,000 population among men; cancer mortality also decreased by nine per 100,000 population for women but did not significantly change for men. In a placebo check, we found no comparable changes at age 65 in Canada. This study provides the first evidence to our knowledge that near‐universal access to Medicare at age 65 is associated with improvements in population‐level cancer mortality.
Pattern of loco‐regional relapses and treatment in pediatric esthesioneuroblastoma: The French very rare tumors group (Fracture) contribution
Authors: Dumont Benoît , Fresneau Brice , Claude Line , Defachelles Anne‐Sophie , Couloigner Vincent , Puget Stéphanie , Brisse Hervé J , Fréneaux Paul , Lacour Brigitte , Orbach Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEsthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare neuroectodermal tumor that seldom occurs during childhood. Multimodal treatments are currently proposed, but the place of each therapy is still in debate. Our objective is to describe clinical evolution, especially the pattern of relapses and determine contributors to tumor progression.ProcedureMedical charts of all children (≤18 years) affected by ENB treated in France from January 1990 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsEighteen patients were selected (10 males). Median age at diagnosis was 12.2 years (0.9‐18). Tumor extension was Kadish stage A (n = 1), B (n = 3), C (n = 10), and D (n = 4). Hyams histological grades were I (n = 1), II (n = 3), III (n = 6), and IV (n = 6) (in two cases not defined). Initial cervical nodal spread was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (n = 15), computed tomography scan (n = 16), fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (n = 7), and cytological/histological analysis (n = 2). N1 stage was confirmed by imaging in two of 18 cases and one of two cases had cervical node dissection with neck irradiation (58 Gy). After a median follow‐up of survivors of 7.6 years (3.8‐17.9), 10 patients developed neuromeningeal progression, whereas no cervical nodal relapse occurred and only eight survived. Both 5‐year overall and event‐free survival rates were 44.4% (±11.7%).ConclusionsThe poor prognosis is mainly related to neuromeningeal dissemination that should be considered during treatment strategy. However, cervical lymph node relapse is rare.
Revisiting the genotype‐phenotype correlation in children with medullary thyroid carcinoma: A report from the GPOH‐MET registry
Authors: Kuhlen Michaela , Frühwald Michael C. , Dunstheimer Désirée P. A. , Vorwerk Peter , Redlich Antje 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMedullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) account for 3% to 5% of all thyroid cancers. In most cases, MTC is hereditary and occurs as part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A and 2B syndromes. There is a strong genotype‐phenotype correlation associated with the respective RET mutations, making risk‐adapted management possible.ProcedureWe report the prospectively collected data on children and adolescents of the multicenter nonrandomized German GPOH‐MET registry. Children and adolescents with MTC and C‐cell hyperplasia (CCH) were included.ResultsFrom 1997 to June 2019, a total of 57 patients with MTC and 17 with CCH were reported. In patients with MTC, median follow‐up was five years (range, 0‐19) and median age at diagnosis 10 years (range, 0‐17). Overall survival and event‐free survival (EFS) were 87% and 52%, respectively. In total 96.4% of patients were affected by MEN2 syndromes, which was in 37/42 MEN2A and 3/28 MEN2B (M918T mutation) inherited. EFS in MEN2A was 78%, and in MEN2B 38% (P < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, lymph node (LN) status and postoperatively elevated calcitonin were significant prognostic factors for EFS. Notably, modest‐risk mutation carriers presented with MTC at a rather young age, without raised calcitonin, and LN metastases.ConclusionsIdentification of children carrying de novo RET M918T mutations by means of the characteristic phenotype is crucial to detect MTC at an early stage, which will be associated with improved survival. As calcitonin levels may be false‐negative and modest‐risk mutation carriers present with a variable phenotype, particular attention should be paid to these children.