bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of methane emissions based on crop yield and remote sensing data in a paddy field
Authors: Shi Yifan , Lou Yunsheng , Zhang Zhen , Ma Li , Ojara Moses A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuantifying agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is important for addressing global warming. In this regard, empirical models were constructed to evaluate the feasibility of using rice yield and canopy spectral properties for estimating paddy cumulative methane (CH4) emissions (CCE). A field experiment with shading treatments was conducted in 2017. A static chamber‐gas chromatography was used to measure CH4 fluxes during the growing season. Canopy hyperspectral reflectance was measured and then used to calculate the multispectral normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the ratio vegetation index (RVI), and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI). The results show that CH4 emissions were positively correlated to rice yield and biomass, indicating that higher biomass provided more substrates for CH4 generation. O2 availability maybe a main factor in the CCE differences under shading treatments. RVI and EVI showed a stronger positive relationship to CH4 emissions than NDVI. The empirical model including yield and EVI‐JS (EVI of jointing‐booting stage) as input variables performed better (adj‐R2 = 0.85, root mean square error [RMSE] = 12.26 kg ha−1) than the model that included only yield (adj‐R2 = 0.5, RMSE = 22.5 kg ha−1). This study suggests that it is feasible to apply remote sensing in paddy CH4 estimation, providing a referable attempt for future regional agricultural GHG emissions quantification. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The value of dementia care towards the end of life—A contingent valuation study
Authors: Bhattarai Nawaraj , Mason Helen , Kernohan Ashleigh , Poole Marie , Bamford Claire , Robinson Louise , Vale Luke 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesA dementia nurse specialist (DNS) is expected to improve the quality of care and support to people with dementia nearing, and at, the end of life (EoL) by facilitating some key features of care. The aim of this study was to estimate willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) values from the general public perspective, for the different levels of support that the DNS can provide.MethodsContingent valuation methods were used to elicit the maximum WTP for scenarios describing different types of support provided by the DNS for EoL care in dementia. In a general population online survey, 1002 participants aged 18 years or more sampled from the United Kingdom provided valuations. Five scenarios were valued with mean WTP value calculated for each scenario along with the relationship between mean WTP and participant characteristics.ResultsThe mean WTP varied across scenarios with higher values for the scenarios offering more features. Participants with some experience of dementia were willing to pay more compared with those with no experience. WTP values were higher for high‐income groups compared with the lowest income level (P < .05). There was no evidence to suggest that respondent characteristics such as age, gender, family size, health utility or education status influenced the WTP values.ConclusionThe general population values the anticipated improvement in dementia care provided by a DNS. This study will help inform judgements on interventions to improve the quality of EoL care.
Prediction of flow and heat transfer through a microtube filled with bidisperse porous medium under local thermal nonequilibrium condition
Authors: Fazli Mohammad , Bahrami Ali , Ghanavati Ali , Rahimian Mohammad Hassan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the thermal and hydrodynamic solutions of a microtube filled with bidisperse porous medium (BDPM) under the local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) condition are presented. Considering the LTNE condition, the energy equations have been numerically solved. The rarefaction effects are considered for Knudsen numbers ranging from 0 to 0.1; therefore, first‐order boundary condition is applied on the wall. The temperature distribution of each phase is examined with respect to the involved parameters in the BDPM system. For the first time, the Nusselt number ratio (NRDP) is introduced to study the influence of Darcy number on the Nusselt number more precisely. Also, the effect of different thermophysical parameters on the Nusselt number is studied. The advantage of BDPM system over monodisperse porous medium (MDPM) structure is examined through the heat transfer performance parameter. The findings exhibit a good agreement with the literature. Also, the LTNE condition produces more realistic results in comparison to local thermal equilibrium assumption. On the whole, although implementing the BDPM enhances the heat transfer rate compared with the MDPM, it does not improve the thermal hydrodynamic performance significantly.
Heat transport on steady MHD flow of copper and alumina nanofluids past a stretching porous surface
Authors: Veera Krishna M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn attempt is made to investigate the steady magnetohydrodynamic convective flow of the viscous nanofluid due to a permeable exponentially stretching porous surface. Water is used as a traditional fluid while nanoparticles include copper and alumina. The fluid is electrically conducting, subject to an applied magnetic field with a constant strength. Convective type boundary conditions are employed in modeling the heat transfer process. The nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flow are reduced to an ordinary differential equation by similarity transformations and then solved using the Runge‐Kutta fourth‐order method. A parametric study of the physical parameters is made, and a representative set of numerical results for the velocity and temperature, as well as local shear stress and local Nusselt number, is presented graphically. Hartman number increase diminishes the velocity and has the contrary result in the subjective sense for the mass transfer parameter. An increase in the Prandtl number Pr lessens the temperature and thickness of the thermal boundary layer. The main conclusions have been indicated.
Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, a human skin colonizer, induces the canonical nuclear factor‐κB inflammatory signaling pathway in human skin cells
Authors: Altonsy Mohammed O. , Kurwa Habib A. , Lauzon Gilles J. , Amrein Matthias , Gerber Anthony N. , Almishri Wagdi , Mydlarski Paule Régine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionCorynebacterium tuberculostearicum (C. t.) is a ubiquitous bacterium that colonizes human skin. In contrast to other members of the genus Corynebacterium, such as toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae or the opportunistic pathogen Corynebacterium jeikeium, several studies suggest that C. t. may play a role in skin health and disease. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood.MethodsTo investigate whether C. t. induces inflammatory pathways in primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and human cutaneous squamous carcinoma cells (SCCs), cell culture, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation‐PCR, small interfering RNA knockdown and luciferase reporter expression system were used.ResultsHerein, we demonstrate that C. t. upregulates the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of inflammatory mediators in two human skin cell lines, HEKs and SCCs. We further show activation of the canonical nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway in response to C. t. infection, including phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κB (IκB), the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB subunit (NF‐κB‐P65) and the recruitment of NF‐κB‐P65 and RNA polymerase to the NF‐κB response elements at the promoter region of the inflammatory genes. Lastly, the data confirm that C. t.‐induced tumor necrosis factor mRNA expression in HEKs is toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) dependent.ConclusionOur results offer a mechanistic model for C. t.‐induced inflammation in human keratinocytes via TLR2 and activation of IκB kinase and downstream signaling through the canonical NF‐κB pathway. Relevance to chronic inflammatory diseases of the skin and cutaneous oncology is discussed.
Overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer: Recent progress in nanotechnology and new horizons
Authors: Majidinia Maryam , Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari Mohammad , Rahimi Mahdi , Mihanfar Ainaz , Karimian Ansar , Safa Amin , Yousefi Bahman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR), defined as the ability of cancer cells to gain resistance to both conventional and novel chemotherapy agents, is an important barrier in treating malignancies. Initially, it was discovered that cellular pumps dependent on ATP were the cause of resistance to chemotherapy, and further studies have found that other mechanisms such as increased metabolism of drugs, decreased drug entry, and defective apoptotic pathways are involved in this process. MDR has been the focus of numerous initiatives and countless studies have been undertaken to better understand MDR and formulate strategies to overcome its effects. The current review highlights various nano‐drug delivery systems including polymeric/solid lipid/mesoporous silica/metal nanoparticles, dendrimers, liposomes, micelles, and nanostructured lipid carriers to overcome the mechanism of MDR. Nanoparticles are novel gateways to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer agents at the target site of action due to their tumor‐targeting abilities, which can limit the unwanted systemic effects of chemotherapy agents and also reduce drug resistance. Additionally, other innovative strategies including RNA interference as a biological process used to inhibit or silence specific gene expression, natural products as MDR modulators with little systemic toxic effects, which interfere with the functions of proteins involved in drug efflux, and physical approaches such as combination of conventional drug administration with thermal/ultrasound/photodynamic strategies are also highlighted.
Targeting cervical cancer: Is there a role for poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibition?
Authors: Tomao Federica , Santangelo Giusi , Musacchio Lucia , Di Donato Violante , Fischetti Margherita , Giancotti Antonella , Perniola Giorgia , Petrella Maria Cristina , Monti Marco , Palaia Innocenza , Muzii Ludovico , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPatients with metastatic and recurrent cervical cancer (CC) have a poor prognosis with limited palliative treatment options. Increasing understanding of the cellular aberrations inherent to cancer cells has allowed the development of therapies to target biological pathways, an important step toward the individualization of cancer therapy. The poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes is important in several DNA repair pathways. Drugs that inhibit these PARP enzymes have been investigated in many types of cancer and their application in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies has rapidly evolved. Although the majority of data for PARPi in gynecologic malignancies has been specifically regarding ovarian cancer, their role in the treatment of uterine and CC is currently being investigated. This review will examine PARP inhibitors in CC, summarizes the critical clinical trials of PARP inhibitors that have been completed, provides an overview of the on‐going trials, presents the confirmed conclusions and notes the issues that need to be addressed in future studies.
Reduced social investigation and increased injurious behavior in transgenic 5xFAD mice
Authors: Kosel Filip , Hamilton Jacob S. , Harrison Sarah L. , Godin Victoria , Franklin Tamara B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSocial withdrawal and agitation/aggression are common behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia presented by Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, with males exhibiting more aggressive behaviors than females. Some transgenic mouse models of AD also exhibit social withdrawal and aggression, but many of these models only recapitulate the early stages of the disease. By comparison, the 5xFAD mouse model of AD exhibits rapid, progressive neurodegeneration, and is suitable for modeling cognitive and behavioral deficits at early, mid‐, and late‐stage disease progression. Anecdotal reports suggest that transgenic 5xFAD males exhibit high levels of aggression compared to wild‐type controls, but to date, indirect genetic effects in this strain have not been studied. We measured home‐cage behaviors in 5xFAD males housed in three different group‐housing conditions (transgenic‐only, wild‐type only, and mixed‐genotype) and social approach behaviors when exposed to a novel free‐roaming or restrained, wild‐type or transgenic conspecific. Transgenic‐only home cages required earlier separation due to injuries arising from aggression compared to wild‐type‐only or mixed‐genotype cages, despite no obvious increase in the frequency of aggressive behaviors. Transgenic 5xFAD males and females also spent less time investigating free‐roaming conspecifics compared to wild‐type controls, but they showed normal investigation of restrained conspecifics; the genotype of the conspecific did not affect approach behavior, and there was no aggression observed in transgenic males. These findings provide evidence in an animal model that amyloid pathology ultimately leads to avoidance of novel social stimuli, and that frequent interactions between individuals exhibiting an AD phenotype further exacerbates aggressive behaviors.
Fingerprinting the Late Pleistocene tephras of Ciomadul volcano, eastern–central Europe
Authors: Harangi Szabolcs , Molnár Kata , Schmitt Axel K. , Dunkl István , Seghedi Ioan , Novothny Ágnes , Molnár Mihály , Kiss Balázs , Ntaflos Theodoros , Mason Paul R. D. , Lukács Réka 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTLate Pleistocene tephras derived by large explosive volcanic eruptions are widespread in the Mediterranean and surrounding areas. They are important isochronous markers in stratigraphic sections and therefore it is important to constrain their sources. We report here tephrochronology results using multiple criteria to characterize the volcanic products of the Late Pleistocene Ciomadul volcano in eastern–central Europe. This dacitic volcano had an explosive eruption stage between 57 and 30 ka. The specific petrological character (ash texture, occurrence of plagioclase and amphibole phenocrysts and their compositions), the high‐K calc‐alkaline major element composition and particularly the distinct trace element characteristics provide a strong fingerprint of the Ciomadul volcano. This can be used for correlating tephra and cryptotephra occurrences within this timeframe. Remarkably, during this period several volcanic eruptions produced tephras with similar glass major element composition. However, they differ from Ciomadul tephras by glass trace element abundances, ratios of strongly incompatible trace elements and their mineral cargo that serve as discrimination tools. We used (U‐Th)/He zircon dates combined with U‐Th in situ rim dates along with luminescence and radiocarbon dating to constrain the age of the explosive eruptions of Ciomadul that yielded distal tephra layers but lack of identified proximal deposits.
Do Laryngologists and General Otolaryngologists Manage Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Differently?
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Allen Jacqueline , Mouawad Francois , Ayad Tareck , Barillari Maria Rosaria , Huet Kathy , Crevier‐Buchman Lise , Hans Stéphane , Karkos Petros D. , Eun Young‐Gyu , Bobin Francois , Saussez Sven , Akst Lee M. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate current practices of laryngologists and non‐laryngologists in management of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR).MethodsAn online survey was sent to members of otolaryngology societies about LPR, and subgroup analysis was performed between laryngologists and non‐laryngologists. This survey was conducted by the LPR Study Group of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otolaryngological Societies.ResultsA total of 535 otolaryngologists completed the survey. Among them, 127 were laryngologists and 408 were non‐laryngologists. Collectively, symptoms most commonly attributed to LPR are cough after lying down/meal, throat clearing, and acid brash; most common findings are thought to be arytenoid erythema and posterior commissure hypertrophy. Respectively, 12.5% and 5% of non‐laryngologists and laryngologists believe that ≥50% of LPR patients suffer from heartburn (P = .010). Non‐laryngologists are more aware about some extra‐laryngeal findings associated with LPR (eg, pharyngeal erythema) than laryngologists. Neither laryngologists nor non‐laryngologists associated development of benign lesions of the vocal folds with reflux. The management of LPR substantially differs between groups, with laryngologists indicating increased awareness of (impedance)‐pH monitoring as well as the prevalence and treatment of nonacid/mixed LPR. Conversely, non‐laryngologists are much more likely to include gastroenterology referral in their management of presumed LPR. Respectively, 44.8% and 27.6% of non‐laryngologists and laryngologists believe themselves not sufficiently knowledgeable about LPR.ConclusionsSignificant differences exist between laryngologists and non‐laryngologists in diagnosis and treatment of LPR. Overall only one‐third of responders believe themselves to be sufficiently educated about LPR.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E539–E547, 2020
Spatial patterns of large‐scale land transactions and their potential socio‐environmental outcomes in Cambodia, Ethiopia, Liberia, and Peru
Authors: Liao Chuan , Jung Suhyun , Brown Daniel G. , Agrawal Arun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent large‐scale land transactions, often framed as 'land grabbing,' are historically unprecedented. Millions of hectares of land have changed hands for agriculture‐driven development over the past decade, and their implementation generates substantial risk of land degradation. This paper investigates land transaction patterns and evaluate their potential socio‐environmental impacts in Cambodia, Ethiopia, Liberia, and Peru. We undertake a novel spatially explicit approach to quantify land transactions and conduct scenario‐based analyses to explore their implementation consequences on people, land, and carbon emission. Our results demonstrate that existing global datasets on land transactions substantially underestimate their incidence but can either exaggerate or underreport transacted areas. Although confirming that land transactions are more likely to occur in sparsely populated, poorer, and more forested areas, our scenario‐based analyses reveal that if fully implemented for agricultural development, land transactions in the four countries will affect more than one million people, yield over 2 Gt of carbon emissions, and disrupt vast swathes of forests. Our findings refute the 'empty land' discourse in government policy and highlight the consequences of land degradation that can occur at an unexpected scale in the 'global land rush.' Future policymaking needs to anticipate the risk of land degradation in terms of deforestation and carbon emission while pursuing agriculture‐driven development through land transactions.
Synergistic effect of talc/carbon spheres composite as oil‐based additive enhancing the lubricating properties for steel‐steel contact
Authors: Fei Jie , Qi Ying , Luo Lan , Gu Yuefeng , Huang Jianfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTalc/carbon spheres (TC) composite was successfully fabricated through a simple and eco‐friendly hydrothermal method. The tribology properties of the base oil were significantly improved after adding TC composites, which had been studied by a ball on disc (BOD) tribometer. The friction coefficient of oil containing 0.5‐wt% TC composite (0.5 TC‐Oil) was only 0.08, with a decrease of 35.3% compared with the base oil at 5 N. Moreover, severe abrasive wear between friction pairs changed into slight plastic deformation lubricated with 0.5 TC‐Oil, as confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). These results reflected notable synergy between self‐repair performance effect of talc and ball‐bearing effect of carbon spheres. The study displayed the potential lubricating performance of the TC composite in current generation oil lubricants.
Tribocorrosion behaviour of porous anatase and rutile phases formed on surface of anodised Ti45Nb alloy
Authors: Tasdemir Muharrem , Alsaran Akgun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTitanium alloys are used across a wide range of sectors—from aerospace to health—because of their low density, high strength, and corrosion resistance properties. In recent years, the use of alloying elements such as niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), and zirconium (Zr) has still not eliminated existing wear problems, in spite of being preferred to conventional titanium alloys that are non‐toxic and have better corrosion and mechanical properties. In order to overcome this problem of titanium alloys, various surface treatments are applied. This study was mainly aimed at investigating tribocorrosion properties of anatase, rutile, and anatase‐rutile phases formed on the surface of Ti45Nb by anodising at different potential values. The structural and mechanical properties of these structures were examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), nanoindentation, and a 3D profilometer. Tribocorrosion tests were carried out at open‐circuit potential (OCP) and two different anodic in NaCl solutions. It was found that the wear volume was affected by mechanical action rather than chemical effects for all samples during tribocorrosion. It was concluded that while a surface structure including anatase is more sensitive to chemical effects, the rutile structures were shown to be more resistant to both mechanical and chemical attacks during tribocorrosion tests.
Technical Note: A digital reference object representing Hoffman’s 3D brain phantom for PET scanner simulations
Authors: Harrison Robert L. , Elston Brian F. , Byrd Darrin W. , Alessio Adam M. , Swanson Kristin R. , Kinahan Paul E. 
Published: January 2020

PurposePhysical and digital phantoms play a key role in the development and testing of nuclear medicine instrumentation and processing algorithms for clinical and research applications, including neuroimaging using positron emission tomography (PET). We have developed and tested a digital reference object (DRO) version of the original segmented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data used for the three‐dimensional (3D) PET brain phantom developed by Hoffman et al., which is used as the basis of a commercially available physical test phantom.MethodsThe DRO was constructed by subdividing the MRI image planes the original phantom was based on to create equal‐thickness slices and re‐labeling voxels. The digital data was then embedded in a PET Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format and tested for compliance.ResultsWe then tested the DRO by comparing it to computed tomography (CT) images of the physical phantom summed to form composite slices with axial extent similar to the DRO, but with a factor of two better in‐slice resolution. For composite slices, 91% of voxels were labeled in full agreement, 5% of the voxels were 50–75% accurate, and the remaining 4% of voxels had 25% or less agreement.ConclusionsThis DRO can be used as an input for PET scanner simulation studies or for comparing simulations to measured Hoffman phantom images.