bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VARIASI KEMAMPUAN BEBERAPA JENIS POHON DALAM MENYERAP CO2 PADA TAMAN KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Prasetia Hafiizh , Riduan Rony , Annisa Nova 
Published: February 2020

Keberadaan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) di Kelurahan Komet sangat diperlukan keberadaannya. Jumlah, jenis dan distribusi vegetasi yang sudah ada perlu diketahui untuk membuat perencanaan RTH taman kota dan taman lingkungan yang dibutuhkan di Kota Banjarbaru. Oleh sebab itu, selain untuk menginventarisir RTH taman kota dan taman lingkungan yang ada, juga perlu dilakukan analisis variasi kemampuan serapan CO2 atmosfir beberapa jenis pohon penyusun ruang terbuka hijau Kota Banjarbaru, khususnya Kelurahan Komet. Tata hijau yang digunakan dalam lansekap kawasan taman menggunakan pohon yang bertajuk lebar dan didominansi pohon seperti akasia (Acacia mangium), jambu air (Eugenia aquea), mangga (Mangifera indica), sawo (Manilkara zapota), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), jambu biji (Psidium guajava), angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), mahoni berdaun lebar (Swietenia macrophylla), dan ketapang (Terminalia catappa). Penyerapan tertinggi tercatat pada pohon angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) yaitu sebesar 720 kg.tahun-1, sedangkan yang terendah pada pohon jambu biji (Psidium guajava), dan mahoni berdaun lebar (Swietenia macrophylla) yaitu sebesar 61 kg.tahun-1. Kata Kunci: Banjarbaru, serapan CO2, taman. The existence of green open space in Comet Village is indispensable. The number, type and distribution of existing vegetation should be known to make urban park planning and environmental parks needed in Banjarbaru City. Therefore, in addition to the inventory green open space park city and environmental parks that exist, it is also necessary to analyze the variation of atmospheric CO2 absorption capacity of several types of trees making up green open space Banjarbaru City, especially Comet Village. The green streets used in the landscape of the park area use wide-brim and tree-dominated such as Acacia mangium, Eugenia aquea, Mangifera indica, Manilkara zapota, Nephelium lappaceum, Psidium guajava, Pterocarpus indicus, Swietenia macrophylla and Terminalia catappa. The highest absorption was recorded in Pterocarpus indicus tree which was 720 kg.year-1, while the lowest in Psidium guajava and Swietenia macrophylla tree was 61 kg.year-1.Keyword : Banjarbaru, CO2 absorption, park.
PEMETAAN INDEKS KENYAMANAN UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT BANJARBARU
Authors: Ujwala Garu , Noor Rijali , Annisa Nova , Riduan Rony 
Published: February 2020

Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru merupakan salah satu RTH dalam bentuk hutan kota yang juga menjadi ruang aktivitas publik. Sebagai Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) yang sekaligus menjadi ruang aktivitas publik maka lingkungan di dalamnya harus dikondisikan senyaman mungkin karena nyamannya suatu RTH akan meningkatkan produktifitas orang di dalamnya. Sebaran indeks kenyamanan Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru berada pada kriteria nyaman dan sebagian tidak nyaman dan hanya wilayah Perpustakaan cabang dan sebagian wilayah Fakultas Kedokteran yang memiliki kriteria indeks tidak nyaman. Persepsi responden mahasiswa dan civitas akademika Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru tentang tingkat kenyamanan adalah nyaman, kondisi suhu udara adalah agak panas, kondisi kelembaban udara adalah sedang, kondisi angin adalah sepoi-sepoi, dan kondisi penerimaan matahari adalah sedang. Kata kunci: Hutan Kota, Indeks Kenyamanan, Ruang Terbuka Hijau. ABSTRACTLambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru University is one of the Green Open Space in the form of urban forest which is also a space for public activities. As a Green Open Space which is also a space for public activities, the environment in it should be as comfortable as possible because the comfort of an Green Open Space will increase the productivity of people in it. Distribution of temperature humidity index of Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru University were on comfortable criteria and some were uncomfortable criteria and only Library area and some areas of Medical Faculty that have uncomfortable index criteria. The respondents perception of student and the academic community of Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru University about temperature humidity index is comfortable, the air temperature condition is rathert hot, the air humidity is medium, the wind condition is the breezy, and the condition of the sun reception is moderate. Keywords: Green Open Space, Urban Forest, Temperature Humidity Index
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH DOMESTIK RUMAH MAKAN DENGAN PROSES MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (MBBR)
Authors: Farahdiba Aulia Ulfah , Purnomo Yayok Suryo , Sakti Satria Nugraha , Kamal Muhammad Firdaus 
Published: February 2020

Semakin banyaknya usaha rumah makan, maka air limbah yang dihasilkan akan bertambah dan akan menjadi suatu permasalahan. Pada proses pengolahan limbah khususnya yang mengandung senyawa organik, salah satu teknologi yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan proses Moving Bed Bioflm Reactor (MBBR). Pada prinsipnya, MBBR merupakan proses lumpur aktif yang ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan media (carrier) ke dalam reaktor aerasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penurunan zat organik COD dan TSS dengan menggunakan proses MBBR pada limbah domestik rumah makan. Pada penelitian ini media yang digunakan adalah media kaldness 1 (K1) dengan variasi volume media yaitu tanpa media, 15%, 30%, 45%, dan 60%, serta variasi debit aliran air limbah yang akan masuk ke dalam reaktor MBBR sebesar 15 ml/menit, 30 ml/menit, 45 ml/menit, 60 ml/menit, dan 75 ml/menit. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kemampuan penyisihan beban pencemar COD dari limbah air domestik rumah makan oleh reaktor MBBR dengan volume media 60% dan debit 15 ml/menit sangat efektif. Reaktor ini mampu menurunkan nilai COD hingga 97,73% dan untuk TSS hanya sebesar 63,04% karena pada penelitian ini tidak menggunakan bak pengendap akhir sehingga nilai penyisihan TSS tidak terlalu besar. Kata kunci: COD, kaldness 1, moving bed bioflm reactor, TSS The more business restaurant, wastewater will be produced. In the processing of wastewater which contains an organic compound the most technology that is used is microorganisms or biological process by using Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR). In principle, MBBR is a process of activated sludge is improved by adding carrier into aeration reactor. This study aims to analyze the decrease in organic matter COD and TSS by using the MBBR process in restaurant domestic wastewater. The media that is used in this study is Kaldnes 1 (K1) with variation media volume that is without media, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%, and then the flow variation of wastewater discharge that will enter into MBBR reactor 75 ml/minute, 60 ml/minute, 45 ml/minute, 30 ml/minute, and 15 ml/minute. The results of this study results that the ability to set aside COD waste from restaurant domestic waste by MBBR with media volume 60% with 15 ml/minute debit more effective. This reactor able to increase COD till 97,73% and for TSS just 63,04% in this study do not use water tank so the TSS value is not too big. Keywords: COD, kaldness 1, moving bed bioflm reactor, TSS
Radioactivity Logs for Gas Location
Authors: McLendon Dan H. 
Published: February 2020

Gas Technology Symposium, 17–18 April, Shreveport, Louisiana

Abstract
A brief and basic discussion of the theory of radioactivity logging along with types of instrumentation now in use explain how gas bearing zones are detectable in cased hole or open hole by use of radioactivity logs. Numerous examples of the successful use of single and multispaced neutron logs are presented. Also included are examples of the detection of gas, distillate, oil-, and water-bearing sands by proper interpretation of radioactivity logs.
A new technique for determining the L.P.G.-Brine interface in an L.P.G. storage cavity is discussed.
A new technique, developed in Venezuela for determining the point of gas entry into a bore hole is discussed.
A great deal has been written concerning the theory of radioactivity logging and to go into this subject deeply would be repetitious, however, to enter into a discussion of applications of this type of log it is necessary to briefly cover the fundamentals of theory and instrumentation.
The gamma ray log is a measure of the natural radiation of formations. All earth formations contain radioactive elements, some more than others. Figure 1is a table of natural radio-elements showing the progression down the scale with the accompanying emission of radioactivity at the various stages. There are three families of elements which are radioactive. These are the Uranium series, the Actino-Uranium series and the Thorium series. This chart clearly shows that an atom of uranium, in progressing through the various stages, will be at one stage ionium, then radium, then radon, etc., and end the progression as non-radioactive lead. At almost every stage of this progression some form of radiation is given off. The radiation will be an alpha particle, a beta particle or a gamma ray. Although each moves with very high velocity, a thin sheet of bond paper is sufficient barrier to stop an alpha particle. The beta particle has more energy than the alpha, however, several sheets of cardboard will successfully shield one from the radiation of betas. Gamma rays have the ability to penetrate 12 inches of steel or 8 inches of lead. From this it is easily seen that only gamma rays may be detected with the instruments now in use because the instrument wall is sufficiently thick to shield out the alpha and beta particles. Furthermore the gamma ray has such great penetrating qualities that we may case a well with concentric pump liners and still obtain a formation gamma ray log. The neutron is very little more affected by casing so we may also obtain a neutron in the well cased with pump liners.
Downhole Geochemical Analysis of Critical Desorption Pressure and Gas Content for Carbonaceous Reservoirs
Authors: Lamarre Robert A. 
Published: February 2020

Paper presented at ATW on Coalbed Methane, Durango, Colorado, 27–29 March 2007. Unsolicited. This paper has been included in the SPE eLibrarywith the permission and transfer of copyright from the author.

Abstract
This paper describes research directed at developing a new downhole analysismethod to determine critical desorption pressure and gas content in coals and carbonaceous formations. In this paper, we describe the reservoir physics that make the method possible, share laboratory results that illustrate and confirm the underlying physics, and demonstrate the application of the analysistechnique in representative field surveys.
This new technology uses a Raman-spectroscopy-based sensor capable of detecting and quantifying trace amounts of solution gas. The solution gas levelin a coal seam (i.e. the amount of methane dissolved in the coal seam water) is related to the partial pressure of methane via a solubility relationship such as Henry's Law. Determining the effective partial pressure of methane ina reservoir via a solution gas measurement can provide a convenient and accurate route to determining key reservoir properties such as gas content.
Representative field surveys within coalbed methane development areas show ahigh degree of variability in gas content not only between coal seams but alsoaerially for individual coal seams. This high degree of variabilityunderscores the need to collect a large number of gas content values in order to identify attractive development targets when assessing the gas resource.
The Treatment of Source and Produced Waters in Pembina
Authors: Messenger J.U. , Harper S.W.J. , Morris A.J. 
Published: February 2020

Fifth Annual Joint Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Petroleum Sections of AIME, 2–3 April, Casper, Wyoming

Abstract
Source water for flooding the Cardium sand in Pembina is being taken largely from the North Saskatchewan River. The raw water requires treatment to remove turbid solids, dissolved oxygen, iron, aerobic viable bacteria, and slime and to control scale formation. A plant for treating this water and carrying it to the injection wells is described. Two other methods of taking water from the river sands are discussed. Specifications for waters to be injected into the Cardium sand are drawn.
The conditions under which wet Pembina crude can be dehydrated are defined and a method of handling the water produced to make it compatible with the source water and suitable for injection is given.
The corrosiveness of Pembina produced and source waters is demonstrated.

Introduction
There are several engineering approaches to the problems involved in treating source and produced water for injection into a sand reservoir. The most conservative approach warrants a completely stable, completely clean, non-corrosive water. Another believes flood performance is best served by using a dirty water. Such a water is designed to plug the formation so that injection pressures increase and fractures occur. Injection pressures then drop and the cycle of plugging and fracturing is repeated. A growing tendency, however, is to engineer a water to the formation to be flooded. An attempt has been made by Mobil Oil of Canada to follow this line of attack in flooding its Cardium reservoir in the Pembina field.
Accordingly, this study deals primarily with Mobil's West Bank water treating and injection system. Some mention is made of the East Bank system, smaller but identical except that the deaerator follows the filters.
Chlorinity and Porosity Determination in Cased and Open Holes by Nuclear Logs
Authors: Waddell Courtney , Wilson John C. 
Published: February 2020

Permian Basin Oil Recovery Conference, 7–8 May, Midland, Texas

Introduction
For a number of years radio activity logging devices have been used to define lithology, bed thickness, permeable intervals, and porosity both behind casing and within open holes. The need has long existed of defining oil and water saturation either qualitatively or quantitatively within intervals already cased off from the borehole. It is now feasible to differentiate oil bearing from salt water bearing zones behind well casing with a combination neutron curve and a chlorinilog curve, The two curves fall along the same line opposite oil filled or fresh water filled zones. Opposite salt water filled intervals the two curves depart from each other in recorded response and thus offer a graphic means of distinguishing hydrocarbon bearing from nonproducible horizons. Within the article below the logging device will be briefly described and a background of basic theory will be given. It will be pointed out that several factors influence the respective response of the standard neutron curve and the chlorinilog curve and that it is necessary to consider essentially similar zones, with particular reference to such considerations as cement thickness, borehole size, casing weight, borehole fluid type, particularly when attempting quantitative evaluation. The manner of presentation and a suggested method of evaluating water saturation will be demonstrated. Various current applications and uses as well as promising future applications will be discussed.
The instrument used to record both the "H" curve and the" CL" curve is of the scintillation type. In order to give consistent results, the equipment is designed for maximum stability and efficiency. It is refrigerated to allow operation at high temperatures without detrimental effects.
There are a number of methods that may be used to determine the presence of chlorine. Among these are the neutron-neutron method, the neutron-gamma method, and the spectral analysis method. The principle of operation of any of these methods depends upon the relatively large thermal neutron capture cross section of chlorine. Table 1 gives the abundance and the neutron capture cross section of the elements that are of any importance in nearly all types of formations.
Gas Injectivity Logging
Authors: Harcourt George 
Published: February 2020

Permian Basin Oil Recovery Conference, 7–8 May, Midland, Texas

Introduction
Along with the rapid development and application of re-energizing techniques designed to recover a greater percentage of the oil in place than can be produced under primary recovery methods, tools and techniques have been developed to determine the input distribution of injected fluids.
Most of the re-energizing of hydrocarbon-bearing formations has been accomplished by gas injection, water injection and more recently, by the injection of a miscible fluid.
In the area of waterflood operations, a great deal of work has been conducted in injection wells to [1] determine water input distribution, [2]locate casing leaks, [3] find casing shoe leaks.
This information is important in evaluating water injectivity efficiency and in initiating workovers to repair undesirable conditions in injection wells.
The majority of this work has been accomplished by employing radio-active tracers, various flow meter and spinner devices, and by the radioactive interface method.
Of all these methods, only the radio-active interface method gives a straight-forward quantitative analysis of water input distribution at uninterrupted, normal injection flow-rates and pressures. This technique eliminates the many variables which often destroy the validity of some water input profile surveys. Hole size anamolies and flow velocities do not affect the accuracy of the art. The radio-active interface principle is based upon the measurement of the normal volume of fluid being injected into the well. In addition, the interface method allows the survey to be made under most operating injection pressures and volumes.
The basic radio-active interface survey for water injectivity profiling was introduced to the oil field commercially in late 1955 as an Isoflow survey. Recently the technique has been adopted for use in the survey of high pressure, high volume gas storage wells, injection wells, and pressure maintenance wells. The excellent results of the survey in some 1500 operations during this past period have indicated the applicability of the process to almost every type of problem connected with the analysis of flow of liquid or gas from the wellbore.
Waterflood Performance in a Stratified, Five-Spot Reservoir - A Scaled-Model Study
Authors: Gaucher D.H. , Lindley D.C. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 219, 1960, pages 208–215.

Introduction
The displacement of oil by water in a waterflood project is accomplished by the action of transient viscous, gravitational and capillary forces which drive fluid through interconnecting pore spaces toward production wells. The relative importance of each of these forces to the effectiveness of the displacement and the production history depends on properties of the reservoir itself and the manner in which it is operated. There has been considerable discussion concerning the importance of these factors and the extent to which they control the performance of individual waterflood projects. No data have been presented, however, to demonstrate the effect on waterflood behavior of variations in rock permeability, water-injection rates and mobility ratios in three-dimensional reservoir systems in which viscous, gravitational and capillary forces are allowed to assume the proper relative influence on fluid flow.
Much information relevant to water flooding has been gained from the study of field case histories. But, the complexity of the systems involved, the difficulty of defining geometry and obtaining sufficient data, and the fact that the same reservoir is never flooded twice with the same initial conditions, all obscure the role of process variables such as rate. Further, mathematical calculations of waterflood behavior are restricted at this time by available mathematical techniques to highly simplified situations. Scaled models, however, do offer an approach at the present time to evaluation of the effects of the pertinent variables.
Several investigators have predicted prototype reservoir behavior from observations of model waterflood performance under a variety of conditions. Two-dimensional aspects of waterflood pattern efficiency have been investigated by Muskat, Aronofsky, Dyes, et al, Craig, et al, and Rapoport, et al. The effects of gravity segregation, viscous fingering and permeability stratification have also been studied in two-dimensional models. Craig, et al, studied the importance of gravitational forces on frontal displacement in three-dimensional models with wells on a five-spot pattern. This work investigates the tendency for water to segregate in homogeneous reservoirs because of gravity and to under-run the oil for a range of water-injection rates. The effects of permeability stratifications were investigated by these authors using miscible fluids to simulate water-channeling through permeable strata in systems of negligible capillary force.
The Volumetric Behavior of Natural Gases Containing Hydrogen Sulfide and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Robinson D.B. , Macrygeorgos C.A. , Govier G.W. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 219, 1960, pages 54–60.

Abstract
Experimental data have been obtained on the volumetric behavior of ternary mixtures of methane, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide at temperatures of 40°, 100° and 160°F up to pressures of 3,000 psia. The results indicate that the compressibility factors for this system do not agree with compressibility factors for sweet natural gases at the same pseudo-reduced conditions. The deviation increases as the temperature and methane content decrease. Discrepancies of up to 35 per cent were observed.
A careful analysis has been made of the existing published data on compressibility factors for binary systems containing light hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide or carbon dioxide. It has been found that the deviation of actual from predicted compressibility factors for methane-acid gas mixtures is a function of the methane content and the pseudo-critical properties of the mixture. The ratio between actual compressibility factors for methane-acid gas mixtures and compressibility factors for sweet natural gases at the same pseudo-reduced conditions has been correlated over a range of pPr from 0 to at least 7 and a range of pTr from about 1.15 to at least 2.0 with an error not exceeding 3 per cent and over most of the range within 1 per cent. The validity of the correlation for mixtures containing appreciable heavier hydrocarbons has not been fully established, but it is shown to be preferable than the use of a correlation based only on hydrocarbons.

Introduction
Although a relatively accurate method for predicting compressibility factors of pure materials is provided by charts based on reduced properties and the assumption that the compressibility factor is a unique function of Tr, Pr and zc, the determination of the correct values of compressibility factors for gas mixtures is somewhat difficult.
Two general methods of dealing with gaseous mixtures have been proposed. The first assumes a direct or modified additivity of certain properties of the mixture in terms of the properties of the individual components. Examples of this method are based on the familiar laws of Dalton and Amagat. The second method averages the constants of an equation of state applicable to the pure components. Both of these methods are of limited value in engineering calculations because the first usually provides reliable answers only over narrow ranges of pressure and temperature and the second is cumbersome to handle.