bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary significance of amino acid permease transporters in 17 plants from Chlorophyta to Angiospermae
Authors: Zhang Chao , Kong Nana , Cao Minxuan , Wang Dongdong , Chen Yue , Chen Qin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Nitrogen is an indispensable nutrient for plant growth. It is used and transported in the form of amino acids in living organisms. Transporting amino acids to various parts of plants requires relevant transport proteins, such as amino acid permeases (AAPs), which were our focus in this study. Results: We found that 5 AAP genes were present in Chlorophyte species and more AAP genes were predicted in Bryophyta and Lycophytes. Two main groups were defined and group I comprised 5 clades. Our phylogenetic analysis indicated that the origin of clades 2, 3, and 4 is Gymnospermae and that these clades are closely related. The members of clade 1 included Chlorophyta to Gymnospermae. Group II, as a new branch consisting of non-seed plants, is first proposed in our research. Our results also indicated that the AAP family was already present in Chlorophyta and then expanded accompanying the development of vasculature. Concurrently, the AAP family experienced multiple duplication events that promoted the generation of new functions and differentiation of sub-functions. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the AAP gene originated in Chlorophyta, and some non-seed AAP genes clustered in one group. A second group, which contained plants of all evolutionary stages, indicated the evolution of AAPs. These new findings can be used to guide future research.
Transcriptomic analysis of flower induction for long-day pitaya by supplementary lighting in short-day winter season
Authors: Xiong Rui , Liu Chengli , Xu Min , Wei Shuang-Shuang , Huang Jia-quan , Tang Hua 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Pitayas are currently attracting considerable interest as a tropical fruit with numerous health benefits. However, as a long-day plant, pitaya plants cannot flower in the winter season from November to April in Hainan, China. To harvest pitayas with high economic value in the winter season, it is necessary to provide supplementary lighting at night to induce flowering. To further explore the molecular regulating mechanisms of flower induction in pitaya plants exposed to supplementary lighting, we used de novo RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis for four stages of pitaya plants subjected to light induction. Results: We assembled 68113 unigenes in total, comprising 29782 unigenes with functional annotations in the NR database, 20716 annotations in SwissProt, 18088 annotations in KOG, and 11059 annotations in KEGG. Comparisons between different samples revealed different numbers of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A number of DEGs involved in energy metabolism-related processes and plant hormone signaling were detected. Moreover, we identified many CONSTANS-LIKE, FLOWERING LOCUS T, and other DEGs involved in the direct regulation of flowering including CDF and TCP, which function as typical transcription factor genes in the flowering process. At the transcriptomic level, we verified 13 DEGs with different functions in the time-course response to light-induced flowering by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis. Conclusions: The identified DEGs may include some key genes controlling the pitaya floral-induction network, the flower induction and development is very complicated, and it involves photoperiod perception and different phytohormone signaling. These findings will increase our understanding to the molecular mechanism of floral regulation of long-day pitaya plants in short-day winter season induced by supplementary lighting.
Association Analysis between SNPs in LATS1 and LATS2 and Non-Cardia Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ma Licong , Tian Xuyang , Gao Fang , Dong Wenjie , Dang Tong , Jia Yanbin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Many studies have found that large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) and LATS2 play important roles in many diseases, but studies have been rare on the relationship between these genes and non-cardia gastric cancer (GC). We performed a case-control association study to investigate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LATS1 and LATS2 genes and Helicobacter pylori infection as well as the risk of non-cardia GC. Methods: First, H. pylori infection was determined by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Then genotyping of SNPs was performed for 808 samples by the Taqman method. Finally, appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the relationship between the SNPs of LATS1 and LATS2 genes and H. pylori infection, the risk of non-cardia GC, and the level of protein expression. Results: The statistical results showed that LATS2 rs9552315 was associated with H. pylori infection, and that the CC+CT genotype could reduce the risk of H. pylori infection (odds ratio [OR]: 0.549, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.339–0.881, P<0.05) compared with the TT genotype in a dominant model. LATS1 rs9393175 was associated with risk of non-cardia GC, and the AG genotype reduced the risk of non-cardia GC (OR: 0.702, 95% CI: 0.516–0.952, P<0.05) compared with the GG+AA genotype in an overdominant model. LATS2 rs9509492 was associated with the risk of GC in an additive model. No associations were found between five SNPs and expression of LATS1 and LATS2 proteins. Conclusions: LATS2 rs9552315 CT genotype may be a protective factor against infection of H. pylori. LATS1 rs9393175 AG genotype and LATS2 rs9509492 GG genotype may be protective factors for non-cardia GC.
Job satisfaction among family nurses in Poland: A questionnaire-based study.
Authors: Kalinowska Paulina , Marcinowicz Ludmila 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: A family nurse, next to a family doctor and midwife, plays a crucial role in the primary health care system, and a patient has the right to choose them; they are the first medical professional the patient meets when there is any problem. The present study aimed to define the level of job satisfaction among Polish family nurses and to establish its standards. Attempts were made to assess whether job satisfaction depends on the job location, form of employment, family structure, or financial situation. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Polish family nurses who were professionally active in 2018. As the first step, the questionnaires were sent to all (45) County Chambers of Nurses and Midwives in Poland. The data were collected and analyzed using a standardized questionnaire “The Satisfaction With Job Scale” by A.M. Zalewska and our survey questionnaire. Results: Of 220 family nurses surveyed, 219 (99.5%) were females and one (0.5%) was male. The mean age of the study participants was 50.13 years, with a standard deviation of 8.36. The majority of nurses had secondary education (37.6%), with a qualification course (96.2%), without specialization (61%), with a nursing job seniority of 30–39 years (44.6%), and residing in a medium-sized city (43.7%). In the study group, the mean score of job satisfaction was 22.23 (on a scale of 35), and median (Me) score was 23. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that Polish family nurses are moderately satisfied with their job. A higher level of job satisfaction was reported among family nurses with longer job seniority, who are working in the country, are owners or co-owners of a primary health care unit, live in a complete family, are single, and who declared that they could afford what they wanted to buy and possessed savings. Moreover, the level of job satisfaction was highest among the nurses who recommended other nurses to work in a primary health care unit, participated in scientific conferences, and subscribed to nursing care journals. Key words: family nurses, job satisfaction, nursing in Poland
Structured psychiatric diagnoses and self-rated symptoms in primary care patients on sick leave for common mental disorders: a clinical study
Authors: Hammarberg Sandra Inger Christina af Winklerfelt , Westman Jeanette , Hange Dominique , Finnes Anna , Björkelund Cecilia , Hällgren Jonas , Skoglund Ingmarie , Nager Anna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: To improve the quality of health care provided to primary care patients with mental disorders, it is crucial to understand more about the mental symptoms that underlie diagnoses on sick leave certificates. This study therefore aimed to: 1) investigate whether diagnoses on sick leave certificates corresponded to the results of a structured psychiatric interview and to self-rated symptom severity and 2) investigate the association between length of sick leave and the diagnoses on sick leave certificates, the diagnoses made in structured psychiatric interviews, and self-rated symptom severity. Methods: The study used data from 480 patients in SAFARI, a study on sick leave in patients with common mental disorders. At baseline, background variables were gathered and structured psychiatric interviews (M.I.N.I.) were performed. Severity of depression and adjustment disorder was assessed via self-rating scales. Data on sick leave were gathered at baseline and at 12 months from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency and patients’ medical records. Results: The diagnostic criteria for depression were fulfilled by a total of 76% of patients with a sick-leave diagnosis of adjustment disorder, 67% with a sick-leave diagnosis of anxiety, and 65% with a sick-leave diagnosis of depression (p=0.04). There was no significant difference in mean net sick leave days between those with a sick-leave certificate diagnosis of adjustment disorder (mean days 119.9), anxiety disorder (107.2), or depression (137.1). However, those with depression diagnosed via structured interview had a shorter mean net sick leave (112.3) than those who did not fulfil the depression criteria (155.9). Symptom severity was strongly associated with net sick leave days; those who rated their depression or adjustment disorder symptoms as more severe had longer net sick leave. Conclusions: Many patients with sick-leave certificate diagnoses of adjustment and anxiety disorders have ongoing depression. Longer sick leave duration was observed in those with adjustment disorder and more severe self-reported symptoms, both of which are appropriate according to Swedish guidelines.
The Expression and Significance of mTORC1 in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Liu Yanli , Zheng Yarong , Zhou Yekai , Liu Yi , Xie Mengjuan , Meng Wenjing , An Meixia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: To investigate the expression and significance of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1) in diabetic retinopathy(DR), and to find new targets and new methods for the treatment of DR.Methods: A DR rat model was prepared by general feeding combined with intraperitoneal injection of 10% streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The rats were randomly divided into a control group (NDM group) and diabetes group (DM group).Three months later,the degrees of retinopathy were determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining,and the levels of p-S6, VEGF, and PEDF proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCECs) were cultured in high glucose conditions,then treated with rapamycin or transfected with siTSC1.The protein levels of p-S6 were assessed by western blotting. The 5-ethynyl-2´-deoxyuridine assay was used to detect cell proliferation, and the Transwell assay was used to detect cell migration.Results: A DM rat model was successfully developed. The expressions of p-S6 and VEGF proteins were significantly increased in the DM group (p < 0.05), and the expression of PEDF protein was significantly decreased compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In vitro,the p-S6 protein in high glucose(HG) induced HRCECs was increased compared with the normal control (p < 0.05), and cell proliferation and migration were increased compared with the normal glucose(NG) group (p < 0.05). After transfection with siTSC1 to activate mTORC1,the expression of p-S6 was increased,as well as cell proliferation and migration.In contrast rapamycin decreased p-S6 expression in HG induced HRCECs, as well as decrased proliferation and migration (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The mTORC1 played an important role in DR. After activation, mTORC1 induced expression of the p-S6 protein, regulated the expressions of VEGF and PEDF proteins, and changed the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells.The mTORC1 can therefore be used as a new target,as well as in the treatment of DR.
Intraocular pressure changes and corneal biomechanics after hyperopic small-incision lenticule extraction
Authors: Fu Dan , Li Meiyan , Knorz Michael C. , Wei Shengsheng , Shang Jianmin , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements by a dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer (Corvis ST), a non-contact tonometer, and the ocular response analyzer following hyperopic small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).Methods: Thirteen patients underwent hyperopic SMILE in one eye each were prospectively enrolled. IOP and corneal biomechanical parameters were measured preoperatively and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery with a non-contact tonometer (IOPNCT), Corvis ST (biomechanical corrected IOP, bIOP), and the ocular response analyzer (Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure [IOPg], cornea compensated IOP [IOPcc]). A linear mixed model was used to compare IOP and biomechanical values among the methods at each time point.Results: IOPNCT, IOPg, and IOPcc dropped significantly after surgery, with the amplitude being 3.15±0.48 mmHg, 5.49±0.94 mmHg, and 4.34±0.97 mmHg, respectively, at the last visit. IOPNCT decreased by 0.11±0.06 mmHg per µm of removed central corneal thickness. bIOP did not change significantly after surgery. Before surgery, no difference was found among the measurements (P> 0.05). After surgery, IOPNCT and bIOP were higher than IOPg and IOPcc. bIOP is independent of cornea thickness at the last visit, while correlated significantly with corneal biomechanics as other three IOP values did.Conclusion: bIOP (biomechanical corrected IOP as measured with the Corvis ST) seems to be an accurate parameter to measure IOP after hyperopic SMILE.
Feasibility and validity of the PERF-FIT Test Battery: a tool to measure motor performance and anaerobic fitness in young children across low-income settings.
Authors: Smits-Engelsman Bouwien , Bonney Emmanuel , Neto Jorge Lopes Cavalcante , Jelsma Dorothee L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Despite the global interest in promoting physical activity and fitness among school-aged children, few valid and reliable assessments exist to measure motor performance and anaerobic fitness in young children across low-income settings. The aim of this paper is to describe the development and validation of the Performance and Fitness (PERF-FIT) test battery, a new assessment of skill-related physical fitness for children in low-income settings.Method The PERF-FIT test battery was developed using a stepwise process including defining the domains of the construct, selection and evaluation of test items and pilot testing. After the developmental process, feasibility of implementation in resource-limited schools and content validity was examined. The Content Validity Index was used as an estimate of the content validity per item and for the total battery. Next structural validity was assessed in a sample of eighty (n=80) Brazilian children aged 7-12 years using principal component analysis.Results Findings suggest that it is feasible to implement the low cost PERF-FIT in resource-limited schools. The Content Validity Index (CVI) for the Throw and Catch item was 0.86 and 1.00 for the other nine items, leading to a total CVI score of 0.99. The hierarchical sequence of the item series was confirmed by highly significant ( p <0.001) linear trends, confirming the increase in difficulty of subsequent items. Principal component analysis revealed three factors; the first component is represented by Locomotor skills that require static and dynamic balance, the second component by Throwing and catching items and the third component by Agility and power items.Conclusion The PERF-FIT test battery is easy to administer and suitable for measuring performance-related physical fitness in school-aged children living in low-income settings. It has excellent content validity and good structural validity. After minor adaptions the PERF-FIT test battery is ready to gather normative values on skill-related physical fitness in young children in low-income settings. More research is needed to evaluate its reliability as well as criterion and cross-cultural validity.
Factors associated with 36-month loss to follow-up and mortality outcomes among HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in Central Kenya
Authors: Wekesa Paul , McLigeyo Angela , Owuor Kevin , Mwangi Jonathan , Nganga Evelyn , Masamaro Kenneth 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The scale-up of HIV treatment programs has resulted in a reduction in HIV-related morbidity and mortality. However, retention of patients in these programs remains a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding factors associated with loss to follow-up (LTFU) and mortality outcomes is therefore important to inform targeted program interventions. Methods: A retrospective multi-cohort analysis of 23,890 adult patients on ART over 36 months of follow-up in Kenya was done. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to assess for factors associated with LTFU and mortality at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of follow-up. Results: Majority, 67.7%, were female. At 36 months , 27.2% were LTFU and 13.5% had died. Factors associated with mortality at 36 months included older age (51 years and above) using 20-35 years as reference [(adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–1.86, p<0.001], being male (aOR, 1.59, 95% CI 1.39–1.83, p<0.001), divorced using married as reference (aOR, 1.86, 95% CI 1.56–2.22, p<0.001), having a body mass index (BMI) score of less than 18.5 kg/m² using 18.5-24.9 kg/m² as reference (aOR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.52–2.11, p<0.001), and, World Health Organization stage III and IV using stage I as the reference (aOR, 1.94, 95% CI 1.43–2.63 and aOR, 4.24, 95% CI 3.06–5.87, p<0.001 respectively). Factors associated with LTFU at 36 months included being young between 20-35 years (aOR, 1.49, 95% CI 1.40-1.59, p<0.001) using 36-50 years as reference, being male (aOR, 1.19, 95% CI 1.12–1.27, p<0.001), and being single or divorced using married as reference (aOR, 1.34, 95% CI 1.23–1.45 and aOR, 1.25, 95% CI 1.15–1.36, p<0.001 respectively). Patients with baseline BMI of less than 18.5 kg/m² using normal BMI as reference (aOR, 1.68, 95% CI 1.39–2.02, p<0.001) were also likely to be LTFU. Conclusions: Factors associated with LTFU and mortality were generally similar over time. Implementation of HIV treatment programs should therefore be tailored based on gender, age profiles, nutritional, and, marital status of patients. In addition, programs should focus on the care of older patients to reduce the risk of mortality.
Robust Statistical Stopping Criteria for Automated Screening in Systematic Reviews
Authors: Callaghan Max , Müller-Hansen Finn 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Active learning for systematic review screening promises to reduce the human effort required to identify relevant documents for a systematic review.

Machines and humans work together, with humans providing training data, and the machine optimising the documents that the humans screen. This enables the identification of all relevant documents after viewing only a fraction of the total documents.

However, current approaches lack robust stopping criteria, so that reviewers do not know when they have seen all or a certain proportion of relevant documents. This means that such systems are hard to implement in live reviews.

This paper introduces a workflow with robust and flexible statistical stopping criteria, which offer real work reductions on the basis of a given confidence level of reaching a given recall.

The stopping criteria are shown on test datasets to achieve a reliable level of recall, while still providing work reductions of on average 17\%. Other methods proposed previously are shown to provide inconsistent recall and work reductions across datasets.
A Comprehensive Strategic Analysis of the Environmental Scanning of Iranian Public Hospitals: A Prospective Approach
Authors: pourmohammadi Kimia , Bastani Peivand , Shojaei Payam , hatam nahid , Salehi Asiyeh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives: This mixed-method study was conducted to interpret the political, economic, social and technological issues that encourage hospital managers to be aware of the conditions and be equipped to plan and perform proactively.
Results: structured interview using Douglas West framework and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of hospitals’ environmental factors. The key issues at micro level environment of public hospitals were related to prescription and overuse of pharmaceuticals, inequality in distribution of healthcare services and high demands for luxurious services. At macro level: higher fertility rates, hospital services tariffs, changes in the patterns of diseases and inappropriate hospital budgeting have direct impact and economic sanctions, government corruption, centralization and high bank interest rates have indirect impact on public hospitals in Iran. Generally the strategic policies are required to improve quality-based payment system, enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of services, improving fair income generation and urging positive motivations for service providers are the strategies to cope with the future changes.
Key words: public hospital, environmental scanning, strategic management, PESTLE analysis, future, Iran
Association of diet-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and self-rated health among Chinese adults: a population-based study
Authors: Yang Ying , He Di , Wei Liuyi , Wang Shizhen , Chen Lei , Luo Mi , Mao Zongfu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Diet and nutrition play an important role in one’s health status. The objectives of this study were to (a) determine knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) related to diet among a sample of Chinese adults, and (b) assess the association between diet-related KAB and self-rated health.Methods: We applied the 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) with cross-sectional study design. Individuals aged 18 years and older were included as study subjects (n = 12,814).Six variables were selected to assess diet-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, composed of two for each dimension. Comparison of diet-related KAB in urban and rural was conducted using chi-square test. Ordinal logistic regression was conducted to quantify the association between diet-related KAB and self-rated health.Results: The awareness rate for Chinese diet pagoda/DGCR was 27.1%, and only 34.3% of the subjects were assessed as having adequate dietary knowledge literacy. 24.3% and 21.4% reported positive attitudes towards healthy diet and being physically active, respectively. 27.6% and 65.9% reported the behavior of actively looking for nutrition knowledge and eating fruit & vegetables, respectively. Chi-square test indicated that rural residents experienced significant poorer diet-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors than urban (all p-values < 0.05). Adjusted ORs with 95% CI revealed significant association between diet-related KAB and self-rated health. Conclusions: Chinese adults experienced poor diet-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, while rural residents were significantly worse than urban. Improving diet-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors was extremely beneficial to individual’s self-rated health.