bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationships between time deposit rates, real rates, inflation and risk premium
Authors: Lee Siew-Peng , Isa Mansor , Auzairy Noor Azryani 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of the real interest rates, inflation and risk premium on the time deposit rates of banks in the dual banking system in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe data consists of 1-, 6- and 12-month average time deposit rates of conventional and Islamic banks over the period of January 2000 to June 2017. The cointegration methodologies are used to explore links between the time deposit rates, real rates, inflation and risk premium. The causality tests to test causality linkages between pairs of variables are also applied. The generalised forecast error variance decomposition based on the error correction model is conducted to analyse the impact of variables variation on the deposit rates.FindingsThe results show the presence of two cointegration vectors in the deposit rates, real rates, inflation and risk premium, for both conventional and Islamic bank rates. Causality tests reveal that deposit rates are caused by inflation and risk premium in a one-way causality. The results of variance decomposition highlight the importance of inflation and risk premium in explaining the variations in the bank deposit rates. For the conventional bank, inflation shocks play the most important role in explaining the movements of the deposit rates. In Islamic banks, the major determinant’s largest influence is the risk premium. Between the two bank rates, Islamic bank rates receive more influence from the explanatory variables in the long-run compared to conventional bank rates. The real rates have no noticeable effect on the variance of time deposit rates for both banks.Originality/valueThis study presents new evidence on the relationship between time deposit rates and the three explanatory variables, which are the real interest rates, inflation and risk premium, for both conventional and Islamic banks in Malaysia. The dual banking system allows exploring the similarities and differences between conventional and Islamic banks in Malaysia in terms of the linkages between the variables.
Exploring the development of Islamic banking in Nigeria using an actor-network theory perspective
Authors: Sa’id Hadiza 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of Islamic banking in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts a qualitative approach using 25 semi-structured interviews together with documentary analysis to analyse how Islamic banking has evolved in Nigeria.

Findings
The paper demonstrates that the evolution of Islamic banking in Nigeria arose from a relationship between various human and non-human actors. The development was shaped by the Nigerian socio-economic environment, particularly the wealthy Muslim segment and the poor performance of the economy.

Practical implications
The study’s findings have practical implications for how governments in countries with diverse religions or ethnicities should take action when introducing new practices or concepts, such as Islamic finance, that align with one religion or ethnicity. The findings of this study suggest that publicising what the new practice or concept is in advance to the entire populace will enhance understanding and subsequent acceptance.

Originality/value
The paper differs from previous studies on the development of Islamic banking in two ways. First, it provides a contextual account of the various factors that have influenced the development of Islamic banking in Nigeria, a sub-Saharan Africa country for which research on Islamic banking is sparse. Second, the paper is unique in analysing how Islamic banking emerged as a process of actor-network formation.
Stock returns in Islamic and conventional banks
Authors: Monia Ben Ltaifa 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis study aims to explore empirically the determinants of stock return in a comparative context between Islamic and conventional banks.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis of the determinants of stock returns is carried out through a panel data model. This study covers 14 Islamic banks and 30 conventional banks in the MENA countries (Bahrain, Egypt, Kuwait, Malaysia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates) during 10 years, from 2004 to 2014.FindingsThe empirical results show that the market risk has a positive impact on market profitability of banks except for the small-medium (SM) and big-high (BH) portfolio for the capital asset pricing model and Fama and French models. The risk associated with the size (Small [market capitalization] Minus Big: SMB) has a positive impact on small banks and a negative impact on banks of big sizes. Finally, the risk related to the market value (High [book-to-market ratio] Minus Low: HML) has a positive impact on both small and large banks.Originality/valueThe answer to the question of explanatory factors for stock market returns allows managers to measure the cost of capital and thus choose the most appropriate form of financing and therefore evaluate the possibility of investing in a particular bank.
What drives the financial performance of general takaful companies?
Authors: Kantakji Mazhar Hallak , Abdul Hamid Baharom , Alhabshi Syed Othman 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This study aims to identify the internal and external factors affecting the financial performance of general takaful companies operating in Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, UAE, Qatar and Pakistan, using an unbalanced panel data set consisting of 53 companies.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were hand-collected from the official financial reports of takaful companies. Two performance measures, namely, net investment income and investment yield, are used to capture the different aspects of the takaful investment operations. Based on relevant theory and literature, these measures are related to three economic variables, namely, GDP per capita, equity returns and interest rate, and four company-specific variables, namely, company size, gross contributions, retakaful dependence and liquidity. An ordinary least squares regression model, fixed-effects model and random-effects model are estimated for both performance measures.

Findings
The study finds that company size, liquidity, retakaful dependence, GDP per capita, equity returns and interest rate are statistically significant determinants of the financial performance; company size, GDP per capita, equity returns and interest rate are positively related to performance, whereas liquidity and retakaful dependence are negatively related to performance.

Originality/value
In the takaful literature, studies have been directed to almost every aspect of the Shariah law governing takaful. Yet, the empirical evidence on the financial performance of global takaful is scarce. Hence, there are several aspects where this paper extends prior research and contributes to the takaful literature.
Risk and risk management practices
Authors: Elgharbawy Adel 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
This study aims to compare types and levels of risk and risk management practices (RMPs) including the recognition, identification, assessment, analysis, monitoring and control of risk in both Islamic and conventional banks.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey was conducted among the Islamic and conventional banks in Qatar, together with an analysis of archival data extracted from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database for the period 2009-2018. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and regression analysis.

Findings
Islamic banks encounter unique types and levels of risk that are not encountered by conventional banks. In Islamic banks, risks such as those of operation and Sharia non-compliance are perceived to be higher, while in conventional banks other risks such as those of credit and insolvency are higher; other risks, for example, liquidity risk, are faced by both. RMPs are determined by understanding risk and risk management, risk identification, risk monitoring and control and credit risk analysis, but not by risk assessment and analysis. However, the RMPs of the two types of bank are not significantly different, except in the analysis of credit risk.

Research limitations/implications
The study contributes to the debate in the literature by developing a better understanding of the dynamism of risk management in Qatari banks, which can be extended to similar contexts in the region. However, the relatively small sample size in only one country limits the possibility of generalizing the findings. The survey methodology is based on the perception of bankers rather than their actual actions and does not provide in-depth analysis for each type of risk, especially credit risk. However, using archival data, in addition to those from the survey, minimises the bias that would result from depending on one source of data.

Practical implications
The study provides valuable insights into the different types and levels of risk, as well as the RMPs in Islamic and conventional banks, which can help in guiding the future development and regulation of risk management in the banking sector of Qatar and its region.

Originality/value
The study helps to explain the mixed results of previous studies that compare types and levels of risk and RMPs in Islamic and conventional banks. Using different types of data and analysis, it provides evidence from one of the fastest growing economies in the world. It also addresses the concerns over RMPs in banks since the global financial crisis.
Performance analysis of Turkey’s participation and conventional indices using TOPSIS method
Authors: Yildiz Selim Baha 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to rank the performances of two participation indices developed in Turkey according to Islamic principles and six conventional indices based on their risks and returns for the years 2015, 2016 and 2017.

Design/methodology/approach
The performance of the two Islamic and six conventional indices were ranked using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), i.e. a multiple-criteria decision-making method, and the weights of the decision criteria were determined using the objective weighting method called entropy.

Findings
The results do not show any statistically significant difference in returns between the participation indices and their conventional counterparts. However, all analyses performed using various risk metrics revealed the lowest risks for the Participation indices. Furthermore, in the TOPSIS ranking for all of the years, the Participation indices ranked above BIST 100, which was selected as the benchmark.

Social implications
Participation indices provide investors adhering to Islamic faith with opportunities through which they can comfortably invest with limited loss of financial performance for the study period. They also serve as a good alternative for risk-averse investors.

Originality/value
The paper is distinguished by the criteria and methodology it uses for index ranking. Furthermore, it is believed to be useful for the limited literature on the Participation Index in Turkey as well as for national and international investors and institutions interested in Islamic indices in particular.
Financial literacy among Malaysian Muslim undergraduates
Authors: Md.Sapir @ Md.Shafik Ana Shakirah , Wan Ahmad Wan Marhaini 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
University students are known to face many challenges in achieving high financial literacy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the level of financial literacy among Malaysian Muslim undergraduates as explained through sociocultural variables. Furthermore, this paper explores a few additional Islamic measurements as part of assessing the level of financial literacy among the students.

Design/methodology/approach
The questionnaires were drafted based on a multi-dimensional financial literacy model and distributed conveniently to 330 respondents. Post-interviews were also conducted with selected students to further comprehend the sociocultural context.

Findings
The findings suggest that exposing students to financial education and practices influence their financial literacy scores. Students who attended muamalat-related courses demonstrated better financial literacy scores. Meanwhile, post-interview results indicate that the students’ social environment and interactions also play important roles in enhancing their financial literacy. Hence, it is believed that it is essential to embed Islamic-based measurements to equip students with financial literacy in tandem with their pedagogic development. The results thus extend previous studies by confirming the importance of Islamic-based finance- and business-related knowledge for all tertiary students. Furthermore, the curricula should be made compatible to their studying environment and attuned to their values and cultures.

Practical implications
The findings suggest the introduction of personal financial and muamalat-based knowledge and practices relative to their Islamic programme orientation. This should take place during the students’ academic years and across all academic programmes’ orientation. The study also highlights the importance of developing special measurements of Islamic financial literacy for Muslims congruent to their distinct Islamic identity.

Social implications
The study indicates the importance of high financial literacy among tertiary students for them to have a financially stable future.

Originality/value
The research is original in its use of several measurements of financial literacy that embedded Islamic teachings concomitant to the Muslim respondents.
Availability of soil mutualists may not limit non‐native Acacia invasion but could increase their impact on native soil communities
Authors: Wandrag Elizabeth M. , Birnbaum Christina , Klock Metha M. , Barrett Luke G. , Thrall Peter H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The availability of compatible mutualistic soil microbes could influence the invasion success of non‐native plant species. Specifically, there may be spatial variation in the distribution of compatible microbes, and species‐specific variation in plant host ability to associate with available microbes. Although either or both factors could promote or limit invasion, the scale over which most studies are conducted makes it difficult to examine these two possibilities simultaneously. However, this is critical to identifying a role of soil microbes in invasion.

A series of recent research projects focused on interactions between Australian Acacia and nitrogen‐fixing bacteria (rhizobia) at multiple spatial scales, from the local to the inter‐continental, has allowed us to evaluate this question. Collectively, this research reveals that nodulation, performance and rhizobial community composition are all broadly similar across spatial scales and differentially invasive species.

Synthesis and applications. We argue that current research provides convincing evidence that interactions with rhizobia do not determine invasion success in Acacia, but instead highlights key knowledge gaps that remain unfilled. Importantly, the ease with which non‐native Acacia species form mutualistic associations with rhizobia, regardless of invasive status, highlights the critical need to understand the impacts of all non‐native Acacia on native soil communities.
Possible income misstatement on mortgage loan applications: Evidence from the Canadian housing market
Authors: Basiri Kiana , Mahmoudi Babak 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe construct a measure of possible income misstatement (PIM) for first‐time homebuyers by quantifying the gap between growth in incomes reported on mortgage applications and growth in incomes reported on tax files from 2004 to 2014 in Canada. Using a two‐stage least square framework to correct for the endogenous nature of house prices and PIM, we find robust evidence that part of the observed dispersion in PIM is caused by house price variation. This suggests borrowers have greater incentive to misstate income in high‐priced markets. We report evidence that markets with a tendency for income misstatement also had higher default rates.
Shewanella khirikhana sp. nov. – a shrimp pathogen isolated from a cultivation pond exhibiting early mortality syndrome
Authors: Prachumwat Anuphap , Wechprasit Piyanuch , Srisala Jiraporn , Kriangsaksri Ruttanaporn , Flegel Timothy W. , Thitamadee Siripong , Sritunyalucksana Kallaya 
Published: January 2020

SummaryEarly mortality syndrome (EMS) in cultivated shrimp is of complex aetiology. One of the causes is acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by unique Vibrio isolates that carry two Pirvp toxin genes, but other causes of EMS remain mostly unexplained. Here, we describe the discovery of a Shewanella isolate TH2012T from an EMS/AHPND outbreak pond and demonstrate its virulence for shrimp (the mean lethal concentration of 105 colony‐forming units per millilitre by immersion challenge) accompanied by distinctive histopathology, particularly of the ventral nerve cord and lymphoid organ but also including the digestive tract. On the basis of its complete genome sequence, multilocus phylogenetic trees, digital DNA–DNA hybridization analysis and differential phenotypic characteristics, we propose that Shewanella isolate TH2012T represents a novel species, separated sufficiently from the type strains S. litorisediminis and S. amazonensis to justify naming it Shewanella khirikhana sp. nov. Analysis of the TH2012T genome revealed no homologues of the Pirvp toxin genes but revealed a number of other potential virulence factors. It constitutes the first Shewanella isolate reported to be pathogenic to shrimp.
Effect of chemogenetic inhibition of lateral habenula neuronal activity on cocaine‐ and food‐seeking behaviors in the rat
Authors: Nair Sunila G. , Smirnov Denis S. , Estabrook Melissa M. , Chisholm Ashlee D. , Silva Phillip R. , Neumaier John F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA major problem in the treatment of cocaine addiction is high rates of relapse. Relapse is often provoked by acute reexposure to cocaine‐associated cues or to cocaine itself. The lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic nucleus, regulates midbrain dopaminergic systems that are known to be involved in cocaine taking and seeking behaviors. However, the role of this nucleus in cocaine self‐administration and reinstatement of cocaine seeking has not been entirely parsed out. We used an operant self‐administration and reinstatement procedure to explore the effect of Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug (DREADD)‐induced transient inhibition of LHb neurons on cocaine taking and seeking. Firstly, rats were injected with adeno‐associated viral vectors expressing hM4Di (a Gi/o‐coupled DREADD) into the LHb, trained to self‐administer cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/infusion), and the effect of clozapine‐N‐oxide (an inert ligand that activates DREADDs) was assessed on cocaine self‐administration. Secondly, rats were injected with hM4Di into the LHb, trained to self‐administer cocaine; the operant response was extinguished, and cue‐ and cocaine priming‐induced reinstatement was assessed. Thirdly, we tested the generality of the effect of inhibiting LHb neurons by assessing the effect of this manipulation on food‐taking and seeking. hM4Di‐induced inhibition of LHb neurons increased cocaine but not food self‐administration. In contrast, this manipulation decreased reinstatement of cocaine, but not food‐seeking. Taken together, our data suggest that hM4Di‐ induced LHb inhibition specifically mediates taking and seeking behaviors reinforced by cocaine but not by natural reinforcers. Further, our data indicate a dissociation in the role of LHb neurons on cocaine self‐administration versus reinstatement of cocaine seeking.
Cardioprotection in right heart failure
Authors: Boengler Kerstin , Schlüter Klaus‐Dieter , Schermuly Ralph Theo , Schulz Rainer 
Published: January 2020

Ischaemic and pharmacological conditioning of the left ventricle is mediated by the activation of signalling cascades, which finally converge at the mitochondria and reduce ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Whereas the molecular mechanisms of conditioning in the left ventricle are well characterized, cardioprotection of the right ventricle is principally feasible but less established. Similar to what is known for the left ventricle, a dysregulation in signalling pathways seems to play a role in I/R injury of the healthy and failing right ventricle and in the ability/inability of the right ventricle to respond to a conditioning stimulus. The maintenance of mitochondrial function seems to be crucial in both ventricles to reduce I/R injury. As far as currently known, similar molecular mechanisms mediate ischaemic and pharmacological preconditioning in the left and right ventricles. However, the two ventricles seem to respond differently towards exercise‐induced preconditioning.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc
The prevalence of orofacial injuries in judo: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bruggesser Susanne , Kühl Sebastian , Solakoglu Önder , Filippi Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/AimsJudo is a popular martial art with a high risk of injury. Notwithstanding this risk, mouthguards were not allowed until June 2018. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of traumatic injuries in judo with a particular focus on dental and lip injuries. A further aim was to assess the influences of increased overjet and wearing fixed orthodontic appliances.Material and MethodsJudokas (n = 382) from two judo clubs in Bern, Switzerland, were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire.ResultsAbout two thirds had suffered at least one traumatic injury with a high number of limb injuries (n = 1054), followed by face injuries (n = 855) and spine, torso, occiput or neck injuries (n = 84). Among the face injuries, 562 lip injuries were recorded. A significantly higher number of lip injuries were found for judokas who wore fixed orthodontic appliances compared to judokas who never wore such appliances. Forty‐seven dental trauma incidents during judo were recorded. During both judo and leisure time, 161 dental trauma incidents were recorded. Individuals with lip incompetence and increased overjet showed the highest number of dental injuries ( = 0.815; SD = 0.622), which differed in statistically significant ways from the number of dental injuries in individuals with lip incompetence and normal or reduced overjet ( = 0.278; SD = 0.461). For individuals with no lip incompetence, no difference between the sub‐group with an increased overjet and the sub‐group with a normal or reduced overjet could be found. Nobody in the study population was wearing a mouthguard, and the acceptance of mouthguards was low (9.7%).ConclusionIt is important to increase the awareness of the recent authorization of mouthguards and to promote their acceptance among judokas. The combination of increased overjet and lip incompetence was more relevant for the dental trauma risk than an increased overjet alone.