bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA MIKROENKAPSULAN ANTOSIANIN DARI LIMBAH CAIR PENGOLAHAN PATI UBI JALAR UNGU (Physicochemical Characteristics of Anthocyanin Microencapsulant from Wastewater of Purple Sweet Potato Starch Processing)
Authors: Wiriani Dessy , Julianti Elisa , Sinaga Hotnida 
Published: October 2020

Wastewater from starch processing of purple sweet potato (PSP) was rich in anthocyanin, so it can be used as raw material for natural pigments. Anthocyanin pigments are unstable under processing conditions so microencapsulation is carried out to maintain their stability. This study aims to evaluate the effect of maltodextrin concentration as an encapsulant agent on the physical and chemical characteristics of microencapsulant of anthocyanin derived from wastewater of PSP starch processing. Wastewater from PSP starch processing was concentrated using a water bath at 10 oC for 10 hours. The crude extract of anthocyanin obtained then was microencapsulated by spray drying technique using maltodextrin as an encapsulant agent. Maltodextrin was added at concentration 15%, 25%, and 35% (w/w). The anthocyanin microencapsulants produced then were evaluated for their physical and chemical characteristics. The results showed the increasing of maltodextrin concentration will increase the L* value (lightness), b* value (greenness), ohue, solubility, hygroscopicity, but decrease the anthocyanin content, a* value (redness) and and antioxidant activity (IC50). The microstructure of anthocyanin microencapsulant has a spherical shape with a curve on its surface. The addition of 15% maltodextrin produces the best characteristics of anthocyanin microencapsulant with anthocyanin content 40.80 ppm, IC50 36.27 ppm, solubility 52.80% and color value (oHue) 11.17 (red purple). These characteristics indicate that anthocyanin microencapsulant from wastewater of PSP starch processing can be applicated as natural food colorant.Keywords: anthocyanin microencapsulant, purple sweet potato, wastewater, maltodextrin
Unrequited Love in the Selected Novels of Orhan Pamuk
Authors: Murshed Ahmed Hassan Ali 
Published: October 2020

Certainly, Love is one of the most unmistakable natural sentiments of the individual, so the psychologists have attempted to characterize the word 'love' in various manners, for instance,Freud, in his book, (Civilization and Contents)illuminates the sentiment of love according to mental perspective. As he would like to think, a limit between the 'object' and'ego' is degraded, so he stated that "Against to all proof of his feelings, a person, who is in love utters that 'you' and 'I' are one and begins carrying on as if it was a reality" (Freud, 13). 'Self' of the individual, who falls in love is totally degraded into 'oneself' of the other, so Love assumes an important role in bliss or despondency in human life, in which, the fruitful love makes life upbeat and on the contrary, its disappointment changes life into a hopeless wreck, so unfortunately, Unrequited Love is a one imbalance in which you may love someone with all your heart, but you don’t receive these feelings in return. In other words, it is love that isn’t reciprocated. For example, you may love someone deeply, but this person simply doesn’t love you back.
This paper will discuss the characters’ suffering as a result of the one-sided love and explain how they behaved during the events of the love stories, as well as delineate the tragic ending of their unrequited love, furthermore, it will give some examples from some of Pamuk’s novels.
Kekebalan Diplomatik dalam Transaksi Komersial
Authors: Gunawarman Irsyad Prabowo , Dewanto Wisnu Aryo , Suhariwanto Suhariwanto 
Published: October 2020

Abstract—Diplomatic immunity and privilege which is arranged in the Vienna Convention 1961 is very important in ensuring the enactment of diplomatic functions in doing the mission. The abuse of immunity and privilege owned by the diplomatic representative often happens. Diplomatic representative abuse their rights in the form of mild violation to heavy crime. There have been cases on the abuse of diplomatic immunity in commercial transaction related to the civil jurisdiction immunity of the country the diplomat assigned in. The landlord in the country who rent their property to the diplomatic representative have become the victim in the abuse of diplomatic immunity. There was a diplomatic representative who refused to pay the rent because of diplomatic immunity reason and eventually managed to escape from the obligation to pay for the commercial transaction due to the protection of the immunity and privilege Keywords: abuse, diplomatic immunity, commercial transaction
Abstrak—Kekebalan dan keistimewaan diplomatik yang diatur di dalam Konvensi Wina 1961 merupakan hal yang sangat penting untuk menjamin pelaksanaan fungsi diplomat dalam menjalankan misinya. Penyalahgunaan kekebalan dan keistimewaan yang dimiliki perwakilan diplomatik masih sering terjadi. Perwakilan diplomatik menyalahgunakannya dalam bentuk pelanggaran ringan hingga kejahatan yang berat. Dalam perkembangannya, telah terjadi kasus penyalahgunaan kekebalan diplomatik dalam transaksi komersial yang berkaitan dengan kekebalan yurisdiksi sipil negara penerima. Para tuan tanah dari negara penerima yang menyewakan propertinya kepada perwakilan diplomatik menjadi korban dalam penyalahgunaan kekebalan diplomatik. Ada perwakilan diplomatik yang menolak membayar biaya sewa dengan alasan kekebalan diplomatik yang pada akhirnya lolos dari kewajibannya untuk membayar transaksi komersial karena berlindung pada kekebalan dan keistimewaan yang dimilikinya Kata kunci: penyalahgunaan, kekebalan diplomatik, transaksi komersial
Design-Expert Software sebagai Alat Optimasi Formulasi Sediaan Farmasi
Authors: Hidayat Iyan Rifky , Zuhrotun Ade , Sopyan Iyan 
Published: October 2020

Salah satu tahap dalam pengembangan obat adalah formulasi untuk mendapatkan formula yang optimum. Dengan formula yang optimum maka kualitas sediaan baik dan memenuhi parameter-parameter baku. Tahap ini dilakukan melalui eksperimen laboratorium dan analisis hasil percobaan yang umunya cukup memakan waktu. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dapat dilakukan pendekatan menggunakan piranti lunak dengan teknologi komputer yaitu Design-Expert software dalam membantu mendesain variasi formula pada preformulasi dan analisis hasil percobaan post formulasi. Tujuan dari review ini adalah muntuk mengetahui pemanfaatan Design-Expert software dalam penelitian formulasi dan optimasi. Metode penulisan kajian pustaka dilakukan dengan pencarian pada Google scholar dan ScinceDirect dengan kata kunci “Formulation” dan “Design-Expert” menghasilkan penemuan 63 artikel dan skrining dengan menerapkan kriteria inklusi yaitu artikel penelitian optimasi formulasi dengan rentang tahun terbit antara 2011 – April 2020 dan eksklusi berupa artikel berbentuk review artikel. Berdasarkan hasil kajian pustaka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Design-Expert software banyak digunakan dan bermanfaat dalam mengurangi waktu, dan biaya pengembangan formulasi.
Constructing an Instrument for Measuring the Selective Visual Attention of Basic-Stage Students in Gaza and Verifying its Psychometric Characteristics
Authors: El-Hujuj Akram M. , Badawy Zeinab A. 
Published: October 2020

The research aims at constructing an instrument for measuring the selective visual attention of basic education students in Gaza, and verifying its validity and reliability. The research sample consisted of 200 grade ten students in Khan Younis (for the academic year, 2018 -2019). The evidence of constructive validity and the factorial validity of the instrument were investigated. Results of the predictive factorial analysis showed that the three tasks of the instrument covered a single potential factor namely selective visual attention. All slides of the selective visual attention tasks have achieved statistically significant correlations with the overall scores of the instrument. The content of the slides was also validated in relation to the instrument. The instrument reliability was also checked with the alpha coefficient for the final form of the instrument as a whole (0,962), and the split–half reliability coefficients ranged from (0.770 – 0.907). The final form of the instrument showed three major functions.
Notas cariosistemáticas sobre flora española, I
Authors: Valdés Bermejo E. , Gómez García J. 
Published: October 2020

Se ha estudiado el número cromosómico de 21 táxones ibéricos. Creemos nuevos para la ciencia los recuentos siguientes: Gypsophila struthium Loefl. (2n=34); Lepidium subulatum L. (2n=16); lberis cinerea Poiret (2n=44); Erucastrum nasturtiifolium (Poiret) O. E. Schulz var. subbipinnatifidum (Lag.) Thell. (2n=16); Teucrium gnaphalodes L'Hér. subsp. jaMnense (Lacaita) Rivas-Martínez (2n=26); Teucrium pumilum L. (2n=26); Centazirea alpina L. (2n=30); Centaurea hyssopifolia Vahl (2n=22); Launaea resedifolia (L.) O. Kuntzee (2n=18).
Se reivindica el rango específico para lberis cinerea Poiret y se insiste sobre la identidad de Centaurea linaresii Láz. Ibiza y C. alpina L
Algunas especies del género Rhodophillus
Authors: Losa Quintana J. M. 
Published: October 2020

Se muestran las peculiaridades niacro y microscópicas de diez especies de este género, que pudieron ser estudiadas a partir de ejemplares recolectados personalmente.
La ordenación de las especies ha sido realizada siguiendo a Singer (1949). Las especies que se indican son: Rhodophyllus depluens (Pers.) Quel.; R. rhodopolius (Fr.) Quel.; R. anatinus (Lasch) Quel.; R. aethiops (Fr.) Quel.; R. catalaunicus (Sing.) Romagn.; R. euchlo rus (Lasch) Quel.; R. sarcitus (Fr.) Quel.; R. pascuus (L. ex Fr.) Quel. s.s. Lange; R. mammosus (Fr.) Quel.; y R. proletarius (Fr.) Quel..
Does Movement Change When Low Back Pain Changes? A Systematic Review
Authors: Wernli Kevin , Tan Jay-Shian , O'Sullivan Peter , Smith Anne , Campbell Amity , Kent Peter 
Published: October 2020

Objective To investigate the relationship between changes in volitional spinal movement (including muscle activity) and changes in pain or activity limitation at the individual level in people with nonspecific low back pain. Design Etiology systematic review. Literature Search MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and AMED were searched from inception to January 2020. Study Selection Criteria The study included peer-reviewed articles that reported the relationship between changes in volitional spinal movement and changes in pain or activity limitation at the individual level in people with nonspecific low back pain. Data Synthesis The data were descriptively synthesized to identify a relationship between change in movement and improved pain or activity limitation. Results We included 27 studies involving 2739 participants. There was low-quality evidence of a relationship between change in movement and change in pain or activity limitation at the individual level 31% of the time (20 of the 65 times investigated within the 27 studies). Increases in spinal range of motion, velocity, and flexion relaxation of the back extensors were consistently related to improved pain or activity limitation (93%, 18.5/20 relationships observed). Conclusion A relationship between changes in movement and changes in pain or activity limitation was infrequently observed at the individual level; however, a paucity of high-quality evidence precludes a definitive understanding of this relationship. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(12):664–680. Epub 28 Oct 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9635
Construct Validity and Responsiveness of the University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index
Authors: Nelson Evan O. , Kliethermes Stephanie , Heiderscheit Bryan 
Published: October 2020

Objectives The University of Wisconsin Running Injury and Recovery Index (UWRI) is the first running-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM). The UWRI evaluates the key elements runners use to self-assess running ability during recovery. This study evaluated the construct-related validity and responsiveness of the UWRI as an evaluative PROM of running ability following running-related injury (RRI). Design Prospective longitudinal study. Methods Runners seeking care from a physical therapist for an RRI (n = 396) completed PROMs at baseline and 12 weeks later. Change in UWRI score was validated against the global rating of change (GROC), Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) change, and change in body region- specific PROMs. Responsiveness was evaluated using anchor-based and distribution-based techniques. Results Change in UWRI score (mean ± SD, 7.7 ± 8.9 points) was correlated with the GROC (r = 0.67), as well as with changes in the VR-12 Physical Component Summary (PCS) (r = 0.54) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) (r = 0.31). Change in UWRI score was correlated with changes in the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure sports subscale (r = 0.75), the 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (r = 0.75), and the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (r = 0.48), but not with the Oswestry Disability Index Version 2.0 (r = 0.05). Change in UWRI score was significantly different in runners reporting significant improvement (12.2 ± 5.9 points), slight improvement (7.1 ± 6.6 points), no change (0.0 ± 9.1 points), and worsening (−14.6 ± 7.4 points) on the GROC anchor-based responsiveness assessment. The UWRI minimal important change and minimal clinically important difference were 5 and 8 points, respectively. Conclusion The UWRI is a valid clinical tool for evaluating running ability following RRI; it demonstrated longitudinal validity (GROC), convergent validity (PCS and body region- specific PROMs), divergent validity (MCS), and responsiveness to changes in patient-perceived running ability. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(12):702–710. Epub 28 Oct 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9698
Functional status of surgically treated pineal cyst patients
Authors: Choque-Velasquez Joham , Resendiz-Nieves Julio C. , Baluszek Szymon , Colasanti Roberto , Muhammad Sajjad , Hernesniemi Juha 
Published: October 2020

Background:Microsurgical removal represents a well-accepted treatment option for symptomatic benign pineal cysts (PCs). However, very few studies have quantitatively evaluated the functional status of surgically treated PC patients.Methods:A detailed analysis of preoperative, immediate postoperative, and long-term clinical and radiological characteristics was performed. The functional status of the patients was categorized using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS). In addition, a comparative analysis between pediatric and adult patients with PCs was carried out.Results:Overall, pediatric patients experienced better long-term mRS scores than adults. The differences between the pre-, the immediate post-, and the last postoperative mRS of the patients were statistically significant for the total population (P< 0.001). All patients obtained a CCOS of 11 or more, which reflects a good/optimal result after microneurosurgery. The type of the surgical approach was independently associated with the postoperative complications (P< 0.01), more frequently reported with the midline supracerebellar infratentorial (SCIT) approach than with its paramedian modification.Conclusion:The functional status of properly selected symptomatic patients with PCs may improve significantly after their surgical management through a paramedian SCIT approach in sitting position.
The Ownership Structure, Board of Directors, Diversification, and Disclosure of Anti-Corruption Policies
Authors: Hartomo Octavianus Digdo , Hutomo Santanando Hermanto Pranatio 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAnti-corruption disclosures reflect the company's commitment to prevent and combat corruption. This study examines the impact of managerial ownership, block holder ownership, government ownership, diversification, board independence, the board of commissioners' size, and diversification on anti-corruption disclosures. The object of this research is IDX listed companies from 2013 to 2017. Data obtained from the company's annual reportÂ Data analysis is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the managerial ownership, government ownership, board independence, and board size positively affected anti-corruption disclosures, block holders ownership had a negative effect, and diversification positively affected anti-corruption disclosures.ABSTRAKPengungkapan anti-korupsi menunjukkan komitmen perusahaan untuk mencegah dan memberantas korupsi. Penelitian ini menguji dampak kepemilikan manajerial, kepemilikan pemegang blok, kepemilikan pemerintah, diversifikasi, independensi dewan komisaris, dan ukuran dewan komisaris terhadap pengungkapan anti korupsi. Objek penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2013 -2017. Data diperoleh dari laporan tahunan perusahaanÂ Analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur kepemilikan manajerial, struktur kepemilikan pemerintah, independensi dewan komisaris dan ukuran dewan komisaris berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan anti korupsi, sedangkan struktur kepemilikan blockholder berpengaruh negatif dan diversifikasi berpengaruh positif pada pengungkapan anti korupsi.
Antimicrobial resistance point-of-care testing for gonorrhoea treatment regimens: cost-effectiveness and impact on ceftriaxone use of five hypothetical strategies compared with standard care in England sexual health clinics
Authors: Harding-Esch Emma M , Huntington Susie E , Harvey Michael J , Weston Georgie , Broad Claire E , Adams Elisabeth J , Sadiq S Tariq 
Published: October 2020

Background

Widespread ceftriaxone antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) treatment, with few alternatives available. AMR point-of-care tests (AMR POCT) may enable alternative treatments, including abandoned regimens, sparing ceftriaxone use. We assessed cost-effectiveness of five hypothetical AMR POCT strategies: A-C included a second antibiotic alongside ceftriaxone; and D and E consisted of a single antibiotic alternative, compared with standard care (SC: ceftriaxone and azithromycin).

Aim

Assess costs and effectiveness of AMR POCT strategies that optimise NG treatment and reduce ceftriaxone use.

Methods

The five AMR POCT treatment strategies were compared using a decision tree model simulating 38,870 NG-diagnosed England sexual health clinic (SHC) attendees; A micro-costing approach, representing cost to the SHC (for 2015/16), was employed. Primary outcomes were: total costs; percentage of patients given optimal treatment (regimens curing NG, without AMR); percentage of patients given non-ceftriaxone optimal treatment; cost-effectiveness (cost per optimal treatment gained).

Results

All strategies cost more than SC. Strategy B (azithromycin and ciprofloxacin (azithromycin preferred); dual therapy) avoided most suboptimal treatments (n = 48) but cost most to implement (GBP 4,093,844 (EUR 5,474,656)). Strategy D (azithromycin AMR POCT; monotherapy) was most cost-effective for both cost per optimal treatments gained (GBP 414.67 (EUR 554.53)) and per ceftriaxone-sparing treatment (GBP 11.29 (EUR 15.09)) but with treatment failures (n = 34) and suboptimal treatments (n = 706).

Conclusions

AMR POCT may enable improved antibiotic stewardship, but require net health system investment. A small reduction in test cost would enable monotherapy AMR POCT strategies to be cost-saving.
I (primi) centocinquanta anni del Diritto dell’economia a Ca’ Foscari
Authors: Martina Giuliana 
Published: October 2020

The Association of Economic Law Professors has organized its fourth annual conference on “Economics’ places. Sovereignty dimensions” in Venice on 29 and 30 November 2018 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Ca' Foscari University of Venice, where Economic Law studies keep being carried out successfully.
شِقْشِقَةٌ كورونيَّةٌ مع اللغة العربيَّة
Authors: م.د. أنور شناوي ذياب  
Published: October 2020

يركز البحث على أهمية اللغة وأثرها في التغيرات الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية وبيان قدرتها على خلق الأزمات والصراعات بين الحكومات, وفي الوقت نفسه بيان قدرتها على حلّ هذه المشكلات أو التقليل من أثرها السلبي بين الشعوب. سيحاول البحث فكّ التعارض بين الضغوط الثقافيَّة التي تواجهها اللغة من جهة , وبين ماتحويه في متنها من كلمات التي وصفها البعض بأنَّها عاجزةٌ عن مسايرة العلم والمعرفة الجديدين. للكشف عن قدرة اللغة العربيَّة على استيعاب الجديد ,وإيجاد البديل المناسب بحسب نواميسها,آخذين بنظر الاعتبار جِدَّة الموضوع وحداثته , وقلة المصادر التي سنحيل عليها , فضلاً عن اعتمادنا على مواقع الصحافة العالميَّة على شبكة الإنترنت , وما تصدره منظمة الصحة العالميَّة من توجيهات وإرشادات وملاحظات على موقعها الرسميّ باللغة العربيَّة , يُضاف إلى ذلك ما يجيء من تصريحات في مؤتمرات صحافيَّة وإعلاميَّة , ومقالات باللغة الانكليزية.
الأبعاد العالمية والإقليمية للتداعيات الاقتصادية لجائحة كوفيد 19 ( فيروس كورونا المستجد)
Authors: نجاة وسيلة بلغنامي , ادوارد نشأت نشأت 
Published: October 2020

في ظل ازمة كوفيد19 الذي أثارها الوباء و الذي تسبب في إحداث شلل عالمي ،ألقى بأضراره على كل الدول في مختلف القطاعات الاستراتيجية لاسيما الصحية ، الاجتماعية و الاقتصادية نتيجة التدابير الاحترازية التي فرضتها إجراءات الحجر الصحي ، في هذا الصدد نحاول من خلال هذه الورقة البحثية ابراز واقع تأثير انتشار الفيروس على الاقتصاد العالمي و الاقليمي للدول في ظل تراجع القيم السوقية لأسهم الشركات و أسعار النفظ التي انخفضت الى اقل من 20 دولار أمريكي . ثم تسليط الضوء على اتجاه موازين القوى والعلاقات الدولية بعد تحول بؤرة الفيروس من الصين التي تعد محركاً فعالاً في خطوط التوريد والإمداد العالمي من مصدرا للفيروس الى الوم أ .
في الأخير نعرج على الانعكاسات المالية و المساعدات الدولية المقدمة للتخفيف من وطأة الكارثة
خاصة على الدول الإفريقية .
المنفعة الحدية لحاملات الدلالة في انتاج المعنى للعرض المسرحي العراقي ( مسرحية الظلمة أنموذجاً )
Authors: كاظم علوان الشمري زهير 
Published: October 2020

لعل من أهم العلوم التي عاصرت الانسان منذ نشأته الى اليوم هو علم المسرح وعلوم الاقتصاد وذلك لما لهما من علائق وجوبية وحتمية بوجود الانسان وعلاقاته بالبيئة التي ينتمي اليها ومع ان لعلم المسرح وشائج مع الكثير من العلوم الأخرى مثل علم اللغة والفيزياء والسيمياء ، ألا أن علاقته بعلم الاقتصاد مازالت في اطار محدود لذا رأى الباحث ضرورة ايجاد مقتربات بين نظرية المنفعة الحدية الاقتصادية وحاملات الدلالة في انتاجها للمعنى فتمثلت مشكلة البحث بالسؤال الآتي:
ما هي المنفعة الحدية لتوظيف حاملات الدلالة لإنتاج المعنى في العرض المسرحي؟
ثم تم تحديد الهدف في محاولة ايجاد مقاربة بين المنفعة الحدية للإنتاج الاقتصادي وحاملات الدلالة باعتبارها وحدات منتجة للمعنى في العرض المسرحي وبعد بيان اهمية البحث وتحديد الحدود ، تناول البحث في اطاره النظري – المبحث الأول مفهوم المنفعة الحدية في علم الاقتصاد وعلاقتها بعناصر العر ض المسرحي كونها وحدات لإنتاج المعني . ثم تناول الباحث في المبحث الثاني مفهوم حاملات الدلالة وتقسيماتها وفق النظريات السيميائية واعتمد تقسيم ( بيرس ) الثلاثي في تحليل العينة . وخرج من الاطار النظري بجملة مؤشرات كانت له معياراً لقياس النتائج ولعل من أهمها أن الاحالة العلاماتية أكثر عملية في انتاج المعنى من المباشرة في الطرح .
وفي الاجراءات اختار الباحث مسرحية الظلمة انموذجاً للبحث وقام بتحليلها وفق المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وبرر اختيارها كونها تتفق واهداف البحث ومشاهدته لها وحصوله على تسجيل لها على قرص مدمج ، ثم توصل الباحث الى جملة نتائج لعل اهمها ، ان المعنى يكون اكثر ثراءً حين تتساوى قيمة الاشباع مع قيمة المنفعة الحدية وبعد ذلك تم تثبيت الاستنتاجات وبعض المقترحات والتوصيات ، وتثبيت قائمة المصادر والمراجع .