bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reptiles Under the Conservation Umbrella of the Greater Sage‐Grouse
Authors: Pilliod David S. , Jeffries Michelle I. , Arkle Robert S. , Olson Deanna H. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn conservation paradigms, management actions for umbrella species also benefit co‐occurring species because of overlapping ranges and similar habitat associations. The greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is an umbrella species because it occurs across vast sagebrush ecosystems of western North America and is the recipient of extensive habitat conservation and restoration efforts that might benefit sympatric species. Biologists' understanding of how non‐target species might benefit from sage‐grouse conservation is, however, limited. Reptiles, in particular, are of interest in this regard because of their relatively high diversity in shrublands and grasslands where sage‐grouse are found. Using spatial overlap of species distributions, land cover similarity statistics, and a literature review, we quantified which reptile species may benefit from the protection of intact sage‐grouse habitat and which may be affected by recent (since about 1990) habitat restoration actions targeting sage‐grouse. Of 190 reptile species in the United States and Canadian provinces where greater sage‐grouse occur, 70 (37%) occur within the range of the bird. Of these 70 species, about a third (11 snake and 11 lizard species) have >10% of their distribution area within the sage‐grouse range. Land cover similarity indices revealed that 14 of the 22 species (8 snake and 6 lizard species) had relatively similar land cover associations to those of sage‐grouse, suggesting greater potential to be protected under the sage‐grouse conservation umbrella and greater potential to be affected, either positively or negatively, by habitat management actions intended for sage‐grouse. Conversely, the remaining 8 species are less likely to be protected because of less overlap with sage‐grouse habitat and thus uncertain effects of sage‐grouse habitat management actions. Our analyses of treatment databases indicated that from 1990 to 2014 there were at least 6,400 treatments implemented on public land that covered approximately 4 million ha within the range of the sage‐grouse and, of that, >1.5 million ha were intended to at least partially benefit sage‐grouse. Whereas our results suggest that conservation of intact sagebrush vegetation communities could benefit ≥14 reptiles, a greater number than previously estimated, additional research on each species' response to habitat restoration actions is needed to assess broader claims of multi‐taxa benefits when it comes to manipulative sage‐grouse habitat management. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Surgical Site Infection Affects Length of Stay After Complex Head and Neck Procedures
Authors: Lebo Nicole L. , Quimby Alexandra E. , Caulley Lisa , Thavorn Kednapa , Kekre Natasha , Brode Sarah , Johnson‐Obaseki Stephanie 
Published: January 2020

Objectives/HypothesisQuality improvement (QI) initiatives emphasize a need for reduction in hospital length of stay (LOS). We sought to determine the impact of surgical site infections (SSIs) on LOS after complex head and neck surgery (HNS).Study DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.MethodsAn analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was undertaken. All adult patients undergoing complex HNS from 2005 to 2016 were included in the analysis. Our main outcomes were SSI incidence and increase in hospital LOS attributable to SSI.ResultsOf 4,014 patients identified, 16.5% developed SSI. History of smoking, diabetes, preoperative wound infection, contaminated or dirty wound classes, and prolonged operative time were found to significantly predict postoperative SSI. Adjusting for significant pre‐ and postoperative factors, SSI was associated with significantly increased LOS (hazard ratio = 0.486, 95% confidence interval: 0.419‐0.522).ConclusionsSSI following complex HNS is associated with significantly increased hospital LOS. This result supports the need for institutional QI strategies that target SSIs after head and neck procedures in an effort to provide the highest quality care at the lowest possible cost. Our analysis identifies risk factors that can allow identification of patients at high risk of SSI and prolonged hospitalization.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 2020
Lubrication mechanisms of rubbing interface in internal meshing teeth with small clearance
Authors: Ren Si , Zhang Ying , Yang Jialong , Wang Zongzheng , Dai Ling , Pu Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInternal gears with small tooth number difference are widely used as core component in robotics, medical, and other fields. The clearance between the entire meshing teeth is much smaller compared with other gear transmissions, indicating that the entire tooth profile can significantly affect the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) state of a certain meshing point. Thereby, available lubrication analysis is limited with the assumption of effective radius at each meshing point. In the present study, the entire tooth profile with gear flank modification is studied to improve lubricating characteristics. A mixed EHL model for predicting the film, pressure, power loss, and subsurface stress is presented with consideration of the entire tooth geometry. We find that the tooth geometry away from the meshing location shows a remarkable influence on the film and pressure distribution as well as power loss of tooth rubbing interface, which is commonly unrecognised in previous study. Optimization of modification parameters is observed under different operating conditions, highlighting the critical role of entire tooth geometry in mixed EHL behaviour for internal gears with small tooth number difference.
Severe achondroplasia due to two de novo variants in the transmembrane domain of FGFR3 on the same allele: A case report
Authors: Nagata Tadashi , Matsushita Masaki , Mishima Kenichi , Kamiya Yasunari , Kato Kohji , Toyama Miho , Ogi Tomoo , Ishiguro Naoki , Kitoh Hiroshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAchondroplasia (ACH), the most common form of short‐limbed skeletal dysplasia, is caused by gain‐of‐function mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. More than 97% of patients result from a heterozygous p.G380R mutation in the FGFR3 gene. We present here a child who had two de novo variants in the FGFR3 on the same allele, a common p.G380R mutation and a novel p.S378N variant.MethodsA 3‐year‐old Japanese girl born from non‐consanguineous healthy parents showed more severe clinical and radiological phenotypes than classic ACH, including severe short‐limbed short stature with marked ossification defects in the metaphysis and epiphysis, hydrocephalus and cervicomedullary compression due to foramen magnum stenosis, prolonged pulmonary hypoplasia, and significant delay in the gross motor development. Genomic DNA was extracted from the proband and whole‐exome sequencing was performed. The variants were subsequently confirmed by Sanger sequencing.ResultsMutation analysis demonstrated that the proband had p.S378N (c.1133G>A) and p.G380R (c.1138G>A) variants in the FGFR3 gene. Both variants were not detected in her parents and therefore considered de novo. An allele‐specific PCR was developed in order to determine whether these mutations were on the same allele (cis) or on different alleles (trans). The c.1138G>A mutation was found in the PCR product generated with the primer for the mutant 1133A, but it was not detected in the product with the wild‐type 1133G, confirming that p.S378N and p.G380R variants were located on the same allele (cis).ConclusionThis is the second case who had two FGFR3 variants in the transmembrane domain on the same allele. The p.S378N variant may provide an additive effect on the activating receptor with the p.G380R mutation and alter the protein function, which could be responsible for the severe phenotype of the present case.
A new open‐source GPU‐based microscopic Monte Carlo simulation tool for the calculations of DNA damages caused by ionizing radiation — Part II: sensitivity and uncertainty analysis
Authors: Lai Youfang , Tsai Min‐Yu , Tian Zhen , Qin Nan , Yan Congchong , Hung Shih‐Hao , Chi Yujie , Jia Xun 
Published: January 2020

PurposeCalculations of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damages involve many parameters in the computation process. As these parameters are often subject to uncertainties, it is of central importance to comprehensively quantify their impacts on DNA single‐strand break (SSB) and double‐strand break (DSB) yields. This has been a challenging task due to the required large number of simulations and the relatively low computational efficiency using CPU‐based MC packages. In this study, we present comprehensive evaluations on sensitivities and uncertainties of DNA SSB and DSB yields on 12 parameters using our GPU‐based MC tool, gMicroMC.MethodsWe sampled one electron at a time in a water sphere containing a human lymphocyte nucleus and transport the electrons and generated radicals until 2 Gy dose was accumulated in the nucleus. We computed DNA damages caused by electron energy deposition events in the physical stage and the hydroxyl radicals at the end of the chemical stage. We repeated the computations by varying 12 parameters: (a) physics cross section, (b) cutoff energy for electron transport, (c)–(e) three branching ratios of hydroxyl radicals in the de‐excitation of excited water molecules, (f) temporal length of the chemical stage, (g)–(h) reaction radii for direct and indirect damages, (i) threshold energy defining the threshold damage model to generate a physics damage, (j)–(k) minimum and maximum energy values defining the linear‐probability damage model to generate a physics damage, and (l) probability to generate a damage by a radical. We quantified sensitivity of SSB and DSB yields with respect to these parameters for cases with 1.0 and 4.5 keV electrons. We further estimated uncertainty of SSB and DSB yields caused by uncertainties of these parameters.ResultsUsing a threshold of 10% uncertainty as a criterion, threshold energy in the threshold damage model, maximum energy in the linear‐probability damage model, and probability for a radical to generate a damage were found to cause large uncertainties in both SSB and DSB yields. The scaling factor of the cross section, cutoff energy, physics reaction radius, and minimum energy in the linear‐probability damage model were found to generate large uncertainties in DSB yields.ConclusionsWe identified parameters that can generate large uncertainties in the calculations of SSB and DSB yields. Our study could serve as a guidance to reduce uncertainties of parameters and hence uncertainties of the simulation results.
Feasibility of a sub‐3‐minute imaging strategy for ungated quiescent interval slice‐selective MRA of the extracranial carotid arteries using radial k‐space sampling and deep learning–based image processing
Authors: Koktzoglou Ioannis , Huang Rong , Ong Archie L. , Aouad Pascale J. , Aherne Emily A. , Edelman Robert R. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeTo develop and test the feasibility of a sub‐3‐minute imaging strategy for non‐contrast evaluation of the extracranial carotid arteries using ungated quiescent interval slice‐selective (QISS) MRA, combining single‐shot radial sampling with deep neural network–based image processing to optimize image quality.MethodsThe extracranial carotid arteries of 12 human subjects were imaged at 3 T using ungated QISS MRA. In 7 healthy volunteers, the effects of radial and Cartesian k‐space sampling, single‐shot and multishot image acquisition (1.1‐3.3 seconds/slice, 141‐423 seconds/volume), and deep learning–based image processing were evaluated using segmental image quality scoring, arterial temporal SNR, arterial‐to‐background contrast and apparent contrast‐to‐noise ratio, and structural similarity index. Comparison of deep learning–based image processing was made with block matching and 3D filtering denoising.ResultsCompared with Cartesian sampling, radial k‐space sampling increased arterial temporal SNR 107% (P < .001) and improved image quality during 1‐shot imaging (P < .05). The carotid arteries were depicted with similar image quality on the rapid 1‐shot and much lengthier 3‐shot radial QISS protocols (P = not significant), which was corroborated in patient studies. Deep learning–based image processing outperformed block matching and 3D filtering denoising in terms of structural similarity index (P < .001). Compared with original QISS source images, deep learning image processing provided 24% and 195% increases in arterial‐to‐background contrast (P < .001) and apparent contrast‐to‐noise ratio (P < .001), and provided source images that were preferred by radiologists (P < .001).ConclusionRapid, sub‐3‐minute evaluation of the extracranial carotid arteries is feasible with ungated single‐shot radial QISS, and benefits from the use of deep learning–based image processing to enhance source image quality.
Dynamic Green's functions for an anisotropic poroelastic half‐space
Authors: Wang Fang , Ding Tao , Han Xueli , Lv Lei 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe dynamic responses of an anisotropic poroelastic half‐space under an internal point load and fluid source are investigated in the frequency domain in this paper. By virtue of Fourier transform and Stroh formalism, the three‐dimensional (3D) general solutions of the anisotropic Biot's coupling dynamics equations are derived in the frequency domain. Considering the two surface conditions, permeable and impermeable, the analytical solutions for displacement fields and pore pressure in half‐space under a point source (point load or a fluid source) are obtained. When the material properties are isotropic, the numerical results of the poroelastic half‐space are in excellent agreement with the existing analytical solutions. For anisotropic half‐space cases, numerical results show the strong dependence of the dynamic Green's functions on the material properties.
Do features of randomized controlled trials of pelvic floor muscle training for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence differentiate successful from unsuccessful patient outcomes? A systematic review with a series of meta‐analyses
Authors: Hall Leanne M. , Neumann Patricia , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsEfficacy of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for postprostatectomy incontinence (PPI) differs between randomized clinical trials (RCT). This might be explained by variation in content/delivery of PFMT (eg, biofeedback, muscles targeted, and time of commencement of training). This review investigated whether outcome of meta‐analysis differs based on presence or not of specific RCT features.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and Cochrane were searched for RCTs that investigated efficacy of PFMT on PPI. PFMT details and outcomes were extracted. Methodological quality and comprehensiveness of PFMT reporting was assessed using the PEDro scale and Consensus on Reporting Template, respectively. Effect size and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for incontinence rate at 3 months. To identify features that influenced efficacy, separate meta‐analyses were performed for studies with and without specific features.ResultsTwenty‐two trials were included, and 15 were used for meta‐analysis of 3‐month outcomes. Overall, meta‐analysis showed reduced incontinence with PFMT (risk ratio [RR] = 0.85; I2= 55%; P = .005). Meta‐analyses showed better outcomes for PFMT than control groups when the study included preoperative PFMT (RR = 0.76; I2= 30%; P = .006), biofeedback (RR = 0.73; I2= 58%; P = .006), instruction to contract around the urethra (RR = 0.9; I2= 43%; P = .009), a control group without PFMT instruction (RR = 0.85; I2= 69%; P = .05), inclusion of all men irrespective of continence status (RR = 0.84; I2= 30%; P = .003) and continence defined as no leakage (RR = 0.85; I2= 48%; P = .05).ConclusionsPreoperative PFMT, biofeedback, urethral instructions, no PFMT instruction for controls, inclusion of all men, and continence defined as no leakage are features associated with successful patient outcomes. Future studies should consider these features in design of interventions and pooling data for meta‐analysis.
Prevalence of levator hiatal overdistension after vacuum and forceps deliveries
Authors: Sainz José A. , González‐Diaz Enrique , Martínez Alicia M. , Ortega Ismael , Fernández‐Fernández Camino , Palacín Ana F. , García‐Mejido José A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionLevator ani avulsion rates after assisted vaginal delivery have been reported in the literature. However, there are no definitive data regarding the association between overdistention and assisted vaginal delivery. Therefore, our aim is to report overdistention rates after assisted vaginal delivery with a postpartum ultrasound examination.Materials and MethodsThis multicenter study involved a retrospective analysis of data from primiparous women (n = 602) who had previously been recruited at three tertiary hospitals between January 2015 and January 2017. Overdistention was assessed at 6 months postpartum using three‐/four‐dimensional transperineal ultrasound. Patients with levator ani muscle avulsion were excluded. Overdistention was defined as a levator hiatal area ≥ 25 cm2 on Valsalva.ResultsOf the 602 primiparous patients, 250 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria (139 patients who underwent forceps delivery and 111 patients who underwent vacuum delivery) were evaluated. Overdistention occurred in 20% (50 of 250) of these patients. Overdistention was observed for 1% (1/111) of vacuum deliveries and 35.3% (49 of 139) of forceps deliveries. We found an increased risk of overdistention following forceps delivery compared to vacuum delivery, with a crude odds ratio (OR) of 59.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.1, 442.2) and an adjusted OR (adjusted for maternal age, second‐stage duration, and head circumference) of 17.6 (95% CI: 2.3, 136.7).ConclusionsPostpartum overdistention occurred for 20% of assisted vaginal deliveries, with an increased risk of overdistention following forceps delivery compared to vacuum delivery.
Preclinical evaluation of the combination of AZD1775 and irinotecan against selected pediatric solid tumors: A Pediatric Preclinical Testing Consortium report
Authors: Kolb E. Anders , Houghton Peter J. , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Mosse Yael P. , Maris John M. , Erickson Stephen W. , Guo Yuelong , Teicher Beverly A. , Smith Malcolm A. , Gorlick Richard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionWEE1 is a serine kinase central to the G2 checkpoint. Inhibition of WEE1 can lead to cell death by permitting cell‐cycle progression despite unrepaired DNA damage. AZD1775 is a WEE1 inhibitor that is in clinical development for children and adults with cancer.MethodsAZD1775 was tested using a dose of 120 mg/kg administered orally for days 1 to 5. Irinotecan was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg for days 1 to 5 (one hour after AZD1775 when used in combination). AZD1775 and irinotecan were studied alone and in combination in neuroblastoma (n = 3), osteosarcoma (n = 4), and Wilms tumor (n = 3) xenografts.ResultsAZD1775 as a single agent showed little activity. Irinotecan induced objective responses in two neuroblastoma lines (PRs), and two Wilms tumor models (CR and PR). The combination of AZD1775 + irinotecan‐induced objective responses in two neuroblastoma lines (PR and CR) and all three Wilms tumor lines (CR and 2 PRs). The objective response measure improved compared with single‐agent treatment for one neuroblastoma (PR to CR), two osteosarcoma (PD1 to PD2), and one Wilms tumor (PD2 to PR) xenograft lines. Of note, the combination yielded CR (n = 1) and PR (n = 2) in all the Wilms tumor lines. The event‐free survival was significantly longer for the combination compared with single‐agent irinotecan in all models tested. The magnitude of the increase was greatest in osteosarcoma and Wilms tumor xenografts.ConclusionsAZD1775 potentiates the effects of irinotecan across most of the xenograft lines tested, with effect size appearing to vary across tumor panels.
The social and emotional world of gifted students: Moving beyond the label
Authors: Wiley Kristofor R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudents who are identified as gifted have academic, social, and emotional experiences that are informed by both their cognition and their identification. Similarly, highly able students who are overlooked and remain unidentified have extra layers of social and emotional complexity to negotiate. While the label should not uniquely define the treatment of the student, this review of the literature offers some supported themes that might inform service. Research on traditional and contemporary concerns is placed in the context of conceptual and methodological limitations, concluding with recommendations for the practitioner as a beginning to the conversation.
Ion transport mechanisms in salt‐doped polymerized zwitterionic electrolytes
Authors: Keith Jordan R. , Ganesan Venkat 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTPolyzwitterions (polyZIs), macromolecules with repeating ampholytic monomers, are a novel class of materials with attractive properties for battery electrolytes. In this study, we probe the ion transport characteristics and underlying mechanisms in two salt‐doped (Li+‐TFSI−) polyZIs of similar composition with contrasting zwitterion (ZI) ionic organization: pendant monomers organized via backbone‐anion‐cation (B‐ZI−‐ZI+, Motif B) and backbone‐cation‐anion (B‐ZI+‐ZI−, Motif C). Within both Motifs B and C, the counterion of the pendant‐end ZI moiety shows higher mobility. Similarly, when comparing Li+ or TFSI− across motifs, it is seen that the respective pendant‐end counterion possesses higher mobility than its backbone‐adjacent counterpart. Furthermore, when comparing counterions to same‐position ZI moieties, TFSI− is seen to possess higher mobility than Li+ in each case, a result rationalized by invoking the lower interaction strength between the TFSI− and ZI+. Analysis of ion‐transport mechanisms demonstrate that the mobility of countercharges to the pendant‐end ZI moiety correlates with the ion‐association relaxation timescale, similar to ideas noted in polymerized ionic liquids in past studies. However, the mobility of countercharges to the backbone‐adjacent ZI moiety is shown to be correlated with a cage relaxation time, which incorporates the combined effects of frustrated motion due to the presence of the polymer backbone and pendant‐end ZI moiety and the higher mobility in a population of lightly ZI‐coordinated ions. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 578–588