bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A protocol for a nationwide multicentre, prospective surveillance cohort and nested-consented cohort to determine the incidence and clinical outcomes of slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Authors: Perry Daniel C , Arch Barbara , Appelbe Duncan , Francis Priya , Spowart Catherine , Knight Marian 
Published: October 2020

Aims Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is one of the most common hip diseases of adolescence that can cause marked disability, yet there is little robust evidence to guide treatment. Fundamental aspects of the disease, such as frequency, are unknown and consequently the desire of clinicians to undertake robust intervention studies is somewhat prohibited by a lack of fundamental knowledge. Methods The study is an anonymized nationwide comprehensive cohort study with nested consented within the mechanism of the British Orthopaedic Surgery Surveillance (BOSS) Study. All relevant hospitals treating SCFE in England, Scotland, and Wales will contribute anonymized case details. Potential missing cases will be cross-checked against two independent external sources of data (the national administrative data and independent trainee data). Patients will be invited to enrich the data collected by supplementing anonymized case data with patient-reported outcome measures. In line with recommendations of the IDEAL Collaboration, the study will primarily seek to determine incidence, describe case mix and variations in surgical interventions, and explore the relationships between baseline factors (patients and types of interventions) and two-year outcomes. Discussion This is the first disease to be investigated using the BOSS Study infrastructure. It provides a robust method to determine the disease frequency, and a large unbiased sample of cases from which treatment strategies can be investigated. It may form the basis for definitive robust intervention studies or, where these are demonstrated not to be feasible, this may be the most robust cohort study.
Economic evaluation plan of a RCT of hydroxyapatite-coated uncemented hemiarthroplasty versus cemented hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of displaced intracapsular hip fractures
Authors: Png May Ee , Fernandez Miguel A. , Achten Juul , Parsons Nicholas , McGibbon Alwin , Gould Jenny , Griffin Xavier , Costa Matthew L. 
Published: October 2020

AimThis paper describes the methods applied to assess the cost-effectiveness of cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty among hip fracture patients in the World Hip Trauma Evaluation Five (WHiTE5) trial.MethodsA within-trial cost-utility analysis (CUA) will be conducted at four months postinjury from a health system (National Health Service and personal social services) perspective. Resource use pertaining to healthcare utilization (i.e. inpatient care, physiotherapy, social care, and home adaptations), and utility measures (quality-adjusted life years) will be collected at one and four months (primary outcome endpoint) postinjury; only treatment of complications will be captured at 12 months. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to assess the robustness of the results.ConclusionThe planned analysis strategy described here records our intent to conduct a within-trial CUA alongside the WHiTE5 trial.
The BOSS Study. Determining the incidence and clinical outcomes of uncommon conditions and events in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Perry Daniel C , Arch Barbara , Appelbe Duncan , Francis Priya , Spowart Catherine , Knight Marian 
Published: October 2020

Introduction There is widespread variation in the management of rare orthopaedic disease, in a large part owing to uncertainty. No individual surgeon or hospital is typically equipped to amass sufficient numbers of cases to draw robust conclusions from the information available to them. The programme of research will establish the British Orthopaedic Surgery Surveillance (BOSS) Study; a nationwide reporting structure for rare disease in orthopaedic surgery. Methods The BOSS Study is a series of nationwide observational cohort studies of pre-specified orthopaedic disease. All relevant hospitals treating the disease are invited to contribute anonymised case details. Data will be collected digitally through REDCap, with an additional bespoke software solution used to regularly confirm case ascertainment, prompt follow-up reminders and identify potential missing cases from external sources of information (i.e. national administrative data). With their consent, patients will be invited to enrich the data collected by supplementing anonymised case data with patient reported outcomes. The study will primarily seek to calculate the incidence of the rare diseases under investigation, with 95% confidence intervals. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the case mix, treatment variations and outcomes. Inferential statistical analysis may be used to analyze associations between presentation factors and outcomes. Types of analyses will be contingent on the disease under investigation. Discussion This study builds upon other national rare disease supporting structures, particularly those in obstetrics and paediatric surgery. It is particularly focused on addressing the evidence base for quality and safety of surgery, and the design is influenced by the specifications of the IDEAL collaboration for the development of surgical research.
Management of late-detected DDH in children under three years of age
Authors: Terjesen Terje , Horn Joachim 
Published: October 2020

Aims When the present study was initiated, we changed the treatment for late-detected developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) from several weeks of skin traction to markedly shorter traction time. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate this change, with special emphasis on the rate of stable closed reduction according to patient age, the development of the acetabulum, and the outcome at skeletal maturity. Methods From 1996 to 2005, 49 children (52 hips) were treated for late-detected DDH. Their mean age was 13.3 months (3 to 33) at reduction. Prereduction skin traction was used for a mean of 11 days (0 to 27). Gentle closed reduction under general anaesthesia was attempted in all the hips. Concurrent pelvic osteotomy was not performed. The hips were evaluated at one, three and five years after reduction, at age eight to ten years, and at skeletal maturity. Mean age at the last follow-up was 15.7 years (13 to 21). Results Stable closed reduction was obtained in 36 hips (69%). Open reduction was more often necessary in patients ≥ 18 months of age at reduction (50%) compared with those under 18 months (24%). Residual hip dysplasia/subluxation occurred in 12 hips and was significantly associated with avascular necrosis (AVN) and with high acetabular index and low femoral head coverage the first years after reduction. Further surgery, mostly pelvic and femoral osteotomies to correct subluxation, was performed in eight hips (15%). The radiological outcome at skeletal maturity was satisfactory (Severin grades 1 or 2) in 43 hips (83%). Conclusions Gentle closed reduction can be attempted in children up to three years of age, but is likely to be less successful in children aged over 18 months. There is a marked trend to spontaneous improvement of the acetabulum after reduction, even in patients aged over 18 months and therefore simultaneous pelvic osteotomy is not always necessary.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among Saudi orthopedic surgeons: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Mohrej Omar A. , Elshaer Amani K. , Al-Dakhil Sahar S. , Sayed AlBraa I. , Aljohar Seham , AlFattani Areej A. , Alhussainan Thamer S. 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionStudies have addressed the issue of increasing prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal (MSK) pain among different occupations. However, contributing factors to MSK pain have not been fully investigated among orthopaedic surgeons. Thus, this study aimed to approximate the prevalence and predictors of MSK pain among Saudi orthopaedic surgeons working in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional study using an electronic survey was conducted in Riyadh. The questionnaire was distributed through email among orthopaedic surgeons in Riyadh hospitals. Standardized Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms were used. Descriptive measures for categorical and numerical variables were presented. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s χ2 test were used. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe response rate was 80.3%, with a total number of 179 of Saudi orthopaedic surgeons (173 males and six females). Of our sample, 67.0% of the respondents complained of having MSK pain. The most commonly reported MSK pain was lower back (74.0%), followed by neck (58.2%). Age and body mass index were implicated in the development of more than one type of MSK pain. Increased years of experience (≥ 6 years) was linked to shoulder/elbow, lower back, and hip/thigh pain. Smoking is widely associated with lower back pain development, whereas physicians who do not smoke and exercise regularly reported fewer pain incidences. Excessive bending and twisting during daily practice have been correlated with increased neck pain.ConclusionMSK pain was found to be common among Saudi orthopaedic surgeons. Further extensive research should be conducted to understand and analyze the risk factors involved and search for possible improvements to avoid further complications. However, ergonomics education during surgical training could be effective at modifying behaviors and reducing MSK pain manifestations.
Numerical solution to the time-independent inhomogeneous photoacoustic wave equation using the Born series methods
Authors: Saha Ratan K. 
Published: October 2020

The traditional Born series (TBS) and convergent Born series (CBS) methods to numerically solve the time-independent inhomogeneous photoacoustic (PA) wave equation are discussed. The performance of these algorithms is examined for a circular PA source (a disk of radius,

a
=
5

µ

m

) in two dimensions. The speed of sound within the source region was gradually decreased from

v
s

=
1950

to 1200 m/s, but the same quantity for the ambient medium was fixed to

v
f

=
1500

m

/

s

. The PA fields were calculated over a large frequency band from

f
=
7.3

to 2000 MHz. Accordingly, the wave number (

k
f

=
2
π
f

/

v
f

) varied from

k
f

=
0.03

to

8.38

µ

m

−
1

. The TBS method does not offer converging solutions when

k
f

a
≥
25

for

v
s

=
1950

m

/

s

and

k
f

a
≥
9

for

v
s

=
1200

m

/

s

. These have been observed in both the near and far fields. However, the solutions for the CBS technique converge in all cases. Both methods facilitate accurate solutions if the computational domain contains a collection of monodisperse/polydisperse disks considered in this study. Our numerical results suggest that the CBS protocol can provide accurate solutions under various test conditions.
Highly efficient thermo-optic tunable micro-ring resonator based on an LNOI platform
Authors: Liu Xiaoyue , Ying Pan , Zhong Xuming , Xu Jian , Han Ya , Yu Siyuan , Cai Xinlun 
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate a high-efficiency thermo-optic (TO) tunable micro-ring
resonator in thin-film lithium niobate. Thermal insulation trenches
around the heated micro-ring resonator and the underlying silicon
substrate significantly reduce the heating power consumption and
improve the tuning efficiency. Compared to conventional TO devices
without thermal insulation trenches, the proposed device achieves a
full free spectral range wavelength shift with a 14.9 mW heating
power, corresponding to a thermal tuning efficiency of 53.7 pm/mW, a
more than 20-fold improvement of tuning efficiency. The approach
enables energy-efficient high-performance TO devices such as optical
switches, wavelength routers, and other reconfigurable photonic
devices.
Impact of Clinical Outcome Measures on Placebo Response Rates in Clinical Trials for Chronic Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Xinghuang , Bai Tao , Hou Xiaohua 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Chronic constipation (CC) is a recurrent functional bowel disorder worldwide. The purpose of this study is to examine its pooled placebo response rate and compare placebo response level in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with different endpoint assessments.

METHODS:
PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were electronically searched for therapeutic RCTs of CC with placebo control. Data extraction and assessment of risk of bias were performed independently by 2 reviewers. All the statistical calculation and analysis were performed using R 3.6.0. Our protocol has registered in PROSPERO with registration number: CRD42019121287.

RESULTS:
There were 46 studies included with 5,992 constipated patients allocated to the placebo arm in total. The pooled placebo response rate was 28.75% (95% confidence interval: 23.83%–33.67%) with significant heterogeneity among trials (

JOURNAL/cltg/04.03/01720094-202011000-00005/inline-formula1/v/2023-10-30T213709Z/r/image-tiff

= 93.6%). Treatment efficacy assessed using subjective improvement had a significantly higher placebo response rate than that assessed with improvement in complete (spontaneous) bowel movements or composite improvement (41.40% vs 18.31% or 20.35%, P < 0.001). According to the results of meta-regression, active treatment and endpoint assessment were most likely to lead to the huge heterogeneity among studies.

DISCUSSION:
Patients with CC have significant response level to placebo. Based on findings in this study, we do not recommend subjective improvement as endpoint while designing therapeutic RCTs for chronic constipated patients.
Understanding immersion in 2D platform-based online collaborative learning environments
Authors: Garcia Gibran , Jung Insung 
Published: October 2020

Previous studies have revealed that when video gamers, or users of three-dimensional (3D) virtual worlds, display intense concentration coupled with an emotional engagement in their undertaking, they are affected by multisensory stimuli. This can lead to developing a feeling of detachment from the physical world, which, in turn, can lead to high levels of participation and engagement. Notwithstanding these results, it remains unclear as to whether students can experience the same kind of immersion in two-dimensional (2D) platform-based online collaborative learning spaces as has been achieved in video games and 3D worlds and, if they actually can, which features would lead to similar levels of increased engagement. This study is one of the first attempts to investigate the immersion experiences of students engaged in two 2D online collaborative learning platforms, one text-based and the other video-based. Data from eight students revealed that key features of immersion observed in video games and 3D worlds also appeared during the online collaborative activities but that the way such immersion was perceived by the students was greatly affected by the characteristics of the individual platform. When emotional engagement was considered, empathy was found to play an important role in the participants’ immersion experiences.
Implications for practice or policy:

Text-based platforms could be effective in motivating students to focus more on the postings, while video-based platforms may be more effective in generating empathy with others through observation of body language.
When selecting a communication platform for online collaboration, sensory stimuli of the platform should be carefully examined.
Empathy could be developed prior to an online collaborative activity so that students reflect on their thoughts and consider others’ feelings for a more immersive learning experience.
E-portfolio implementation: Examining learners’ perception of usefulness, self-directed learning process and value of learning
Authors: Song Boon Khing 
Published: October 2020

Electronic portfolios (e-portfolios) have been widely used to help learners collect evidence of their learning, reflect on their evaluation, and promote self-directed learning. Through the introduction of an e-portfolio platform in a cluster of lessons in a module in a polytechnic in Singapore, this paper aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the e-portfolio through the learners’ perceptions. A cross-sectional design using an online survey was employed with 226 students taking part in this study. There was high internal consistency among the survey items. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a 5-factor structure: (1) perceived usefulness (PU), (2) organisation (ORG), (3) collaboration (COL), (4) evaluation (EVA), and (5) perceived value of learning (PVL). In addition, confirmatory factor analysis verified that the proposed 5-factor solution was a good model fit. The final research instrument comprised 19 items. A further multiple regression analysis showed that all the independent variables, except for evaluation, were positive and significant predictors of learners’ PVL. Specifically, the ORG variable was the most influential predictor of PVL. In comparison, the PU variable was a relatively weaker predictor of PVL. The practical implications and further direction for research are discussed in the paper.
Implications for practice:

Curriculum designers could leverage on the use of Padlet as an e-portfolio as it has shown to be a promising tool in scaffolding students to practice self-directed learning.
Curriculum teams could increase learners’ perceived usefulness of e-portfolios by allowing learners to be familiarised with the tool in earlier phases of the curriculum.
Curriculum leaders may need to orchestrate carefully the technological, learning processes, and the affective aspects of learners to promote self-directed learning.
On Judge’s Trial Discourse in Chinese Courtroom from Goal-Driven Perspective
Authors: Zhang Qing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Any action has a certain goal, and the judge’s trial discourse is a system of goal with structure and level. Judges usually adopt some discourse strategies to achieve the goal of trial. Based on the court trial corpus collected by us, we find that judges often adopt purposeful discourse strategies to achieve the trial goal and discourse goal, such as question-and-answer strategy, power control strategy, presupposition strategy, repetition strategy and interruption strategy. Strategies actually refer to the means by which to achieve the goal of discourse. Because words are used to express and achieve the goal, the choice of means or strategies depends on the choice of the goal. From this perspective, we can see the relationship between strategy and goal. In a sense, strategy is rhetoric. The purpose of this paper is to study the discourse strategies adopted by judges in Chinese courts from the perspective of the goal principle.
Muzeum (nie)pamięci. Koń a Muzeum Powstania Warszawskiego
Authors: Lorenc Magdalena 
Published: October 2020

Prezentowana od 2004 roku (nieprzerwanie od 2005 roku) wystawa stała w Muzeum Powstania Warszawskiego jest tekstem kultury – konstruktem niewolnym od władzy i polityki. Polityczność Muzeum nie przesądza jednak o jego wartości, a jedynie stanowi diagnozę rzeczywistości społecznej,w której kultura jest obszarem konfrontacji ideologicznej. Teza, że Muzeum jest uwikłane politycznie pod względem organizacyjnym i ideologicznym, nie jest deprecjonujące ani nobilitujące dla instytucji kultury. Wymaga jednak od Muzeum rezygnacji z roszczeń do neutralności, w sytuacji w której, decyzją swoich twórców, zajmuje ono w dyskursie określoną pozycję, czego przykładem jest pominięcie na ekspozycji historii zwierząt – ofiar wojny. Tymczasem nowa humanistyka oferuje nowemu muzeum (ale i tradycyjnemu) nurty, które demaskują twórcę narracji i demistyfikują jej obiektywny charakter. Pozwalają one zobaczyć i wyjaśnić powody pominięcia wojennej historii zwierząt w MPW, ale i wskazać, jak można i dlaczego powinno się inaczej o tych kwestiach myśleć, mówić i je pokazywać.
Między polityką kreowania a asertywnością. Polskie debaty o Europie na przykładzie europejskiego traktatu konstytucyjnego i wojny na Ukrainie
Authors: Karolewski Ireneusz Paweł , Mehlhausen Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Artykuł analizuje fenomen polityzacji na przykładzie obrazów Europy w politycznym dyskursie Polski w latach 1990–2016. Autorzy wychodzą od fazowego modelu polskiej polityki europejskiej (adaptacja, kontestacja, kooperacja, suwerenizm) i argumentują, że zmiana wewnątrzpolitycznych relacji władzy w Polsce nie jest wystraczającym wyjaśnieniem dla dynamiki faz polskiej polityki europejskiej. Z tego względu analizie poddane są obrazy Europy, z którymi związane są różne potencjały polityzacyjne. Po przedstawieniu konceptualizacji obrazów Europy przeanalizowane zostaną dwa przypadki znajdujące się w fazach konfrontacji i suwerenizmu, które to wykazują duży stopień polaryzacji politycznej: debata o europejskim traktacie konstytucyjnym (2005) oraz polityka wschodnia w trakcie wojny na Ukrainie (2014). Analiza potwierdza, że w przypadku Polski głównymi podmiotami polityzacji pozostają partie polityczne. Poprzez silną polaryzację obrazów Europy na poziomie elit politycznych odzwierciedlane są z jednej strony zróżnicowane nastroje społeczne. Równocześnie, silna polaryzacja powoduje, że nawet w ramach jednej partii politycznej widoczna jest silna dynamika polityzacyjna, a obrazy Europy cechują się wysoką niestabilnością.
Traumatic Brain Injury Diminishes Feedforward Activation of Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons in the Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Folweiler Kaitlin A. , Xiong Guoxiang , Best Kaitlin M. , Metheny Hannah E. , Nah Gabriel , Cohen Akiva S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with aberrant network hyperexcitability in the dentate gyrus (DG). GABAAergic parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs) in the DG regulate network excitability with strong, perisomatic inhibition, although the posttraumatic effects on PV-IN function after TBI are not well understood. In this study, we investigated physiological alterations in PV-INs one week after mild lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) in mice. PV-IN cell loss was observed in the dentate hilus after LFPI, with surviving PV-INs showing no change in intrinsic membrane properties. Whole-cell voltage clamp recordings in PV-INs revealed alterations in both EPSCs and IPSCs (EPSCs/IPSCs). Evoked EPSCs (eEPSCs) in PV-INs from perforant path electrical stimulation were diminished after injury but could be recovered with application of a GABAA-receptor antagonist. Furthermore, current-clamp recordings using minimal perforant path stimulation demonstrated a decrease in evoked PV-IN action potentials (APs) after LFPI, which could be restored by blocking GABAAergic inhibition. Together, these findings suggest that injury alters synaptic input onto PV-INs, resulting in a net inhibitory effect that reduces feedforward PV-IN activation in the DG. Decreased PV-IN activation suggests a potential mechanism of DG network hyperexcitability contributing to hippocampal dysfunction after TBI.