bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between pre- and post-operative isokinetic strength after ACL reconstruction using hamstring autograft
Authors: Riesterer J. , Mauch M. , Paul J. , Gehring D. , Ritzmann R. , Wenning M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are of major concern in sports. As mostly young and active individuals are affected there is an emphasis on the rapid and safe return to sports (RTS). Strengthening the ventral and dorsal thigh muscles is a prerequisite for a successful RTS after ACL reconstruction (ACLR), as persistent muscle weakness may increase the incidence for secondary injuries and impair performance. Aiming to increase evidence on the importance of preoperative muscle strength and the coaching of patients, the purpose of this study is to compare thigh muscle strength pre- and post-operatively after ACLR.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of 80 patients with primary, isolated ACLR using a four-stranded hamstring autograft. We performed bilateral isokinetic concentric strength measurement (60°/s) before and six months after ACLR. Primary outcomes were the maximal knee extension and flexion torque, hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio (H/Q ratio) and the corresponding limb symmetry indices (LSI). Pearson correlations were calculated for pre- and post-surgical values.

Results
The operated as well as the unaffected leg increased maximal knee extension (+ 18% ± 7% p < 0.05; + 11% ± 5% p < 0.05) and flexion torque (+ 9% ± 5% p < 0.05, + 10% ± 6% p < 0.05) throughout the 6 months of rehabilitation. The H/Q ratio remained unaffected (− 2% ± 3% p = 0.93; − 4% ± 4% p = 0.27). LSI of knee extension strength increased significantly (6% ± 3% p < 0.05), while flexion strength remained unaffected (+ 2% ± 4% p = 0.27). Positive correlations underline the interrelationship between the strength pre- and post-surgery for the knee extension (r = 0.788 p < 0.05) and knee flexion strength (r = 0.637 p < 0.05) after ACLR.

Conclusions
Preoperative leg extension and flexion strength normalized to body mass are strongly correlated to postoperative strength performance after ACLR. Therefore, pre-operative quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength deficits may have a significant negative impact on functional performance following ACLR. This emphasizes the need for intensive preoperative screening and subsequent treatment to achieve the best possible preoperative leg strength before ACLR.

Trial registration
DRKS00020210.
Can management buffer pasture loss and fragmentation for Sami reindeer herding in Sweden?
Authors: Uboni Alessia , Åhman Birgitta , Moen Jon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Today, climate change and competing land use practices are threatening rangelands around the world and the pastoral societies that rely on them. Reindeer husbandry practised by the indigenous Sami people is an example. In Sweden, approximately 70% of the most productive lichen pastures (important in winter) has been lost, either completely or because of a reduction in forage quality, as a result of competing land use (primarily commercial forestry). The remaining pastures are small and fragmented. Yet, the number of reindeer in Sweden shows no general decline. We investigated the strategies that have allowed reindeer herders to sustain their traditional livelihood despite a substantial loss of pastures and thus natural winter forage for their reindeer. Changes in harvest strategy and herd structure may partially explain the observed dynamics, and have increased herd productivity and income, but were not primarily adopted to counteract forage loss. The introduction of supplementary feeding, modern machinery, and equipment has assisted the herders to a certain extent. However, supplementary feeding and technology are expensive. In spite of governmental support and optimized herd productivity and income, increasing costs provide low economic return. We suggest that the increased economical and psychosocial costs caused by forage and pasture losses may have strong effects on the long-term sustainability of reindeer husbandry in Sweden.
The mortality of critically ill patients was not associated with inter-hospital transfer due to a shortage of ICU beds - a single-centre retrospective analysis
Authors: Oras Jonatan , Strube Marko , Rylander Christian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are increasingly being transferred between ICUs due to a shortage of ICU beds, although this practice is potentially harmful. However, in tertiary units, the transfer of patients who are not in need of highly specialized care is often necessary. The aim of this study was to assess the association between a 90-day mortality and inter-hospital transfer due to a shortage of ICU beds in a tertiary centre.

Methods
Data were retrieved from the local ICU database from December 2011 to September 2019. The primary analysis was a risk-adjusted logistic regression model. Secondary analyses comprised case/control (transfer/non-transfer) matching.

Results
A total of 573 patients were transferred due to a shortage of ICU beds, and 8106 patients were not transferred. Crude 90-day mortality was higher in patients transferred due to a shortage of beds (189 patients (33%) vs 2188 patients (27%), p = 0.002). In the primary, risk-adjusted analysis, the risk of death at 90 days was similar between the groups (odds ratio 0.923, 95% confidence interval 0.75–1.14, p = 0.461). In the secondary analyses, a 90-day mortality was similar in transferred and non-transferred patients matched according to SAPS 3-score, age, days in the ICU and ICU diagnosis (p = 0.407); SOFA score on the day of discharge, ICU diagnosis and age (p = 0.634); or in a propensity score model (p = 0.229).

Conclusion
Mortality at 90 days in critically ill patients treated in a tertiary centre was not affected by transfer to another intensive care units due to a shortage of beds. We found this conclusion to be valid under the assumption that patients are carefully selected and that the transports are safely performed.
Integration of regional gravity modeling, subsidence analysis, and source rock maturity data to understand the tectonic and hydrocarbon evolution of the Permian Basin, West Texas
Authors: Zhang Hualing , Mann Paul , Bird Dale E. , Rudolph Kurt 
Published: October 2020

The Permian Basin of West Texas and southeast New Mexico is currently the most prolific oil-producing basin in the United States. This region experienced deformation and extreme rates of subsidence (up to 500 m/my), especially during the Late Paleozoic. To investigate the larger scale crustal geometry of the Permian Basin, its tectonic evolution, and the distribution of its most productive late Paleozoic source rocks, we have created regional 2D and 3D gravity models that incorporate density and lithologic controls from wireline logs, published seismic refractions, and regional cross sections. These gravity models better define a regional northeast-trending gravity low called the Abilene gravity minimum (AGM) that underlies the northern Permian Basin. We infer this feature to be underlain by a low-density assemblage of Precambrian granitic and metasedimentary rocks. Structural inversion from the gravity model shows that the top of the lower crust and the Moho is presently depressed beneath the AGM. Subsidence analysis defines five tectonic phases from Cambrian to recent with maximum subsidence during the main, late Paleozoic deformational phase resulting in deposition of sediments up to 2.4 km thick. We have determined that the geobody under the AGM acted as a zone of preferential weakness in a “broken foreland basin” setting that accommodated regional shortening related to the Marathon orogeny and to other coeval orogenies along the Sonoran margin and Nevadan margin. Our new regional map of the top basement defines the limits of deep basinal areas that may host the most productive and thermally mature, late Paleozoic source rock kitchens — some of which are localized in depocenters controlled in part by syncollisional, left-lateral strike-slip faults that align with the edges of the AGM. Our results show a deeper basement ranging from 5.5 to 6.2 km in the Delaware basin that predicts a broader zone of source rock thermal maturity.
Baseline predictors of cognitive change in the treatment of major depressive episode: systematic review
Authors: Barczyk Zoe A. , Douglas Katie M. , Porter Richard J. 
Published: October 2020

Background
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of depression and has a negative effect on a person's functioning, in psychosocial and interpersonal areas, and on workforce performance. Cognitive impairment often persists, even with the remittance of mood symptoms. One potential way of improving treatment of cognitive impairment would be to identify variables that predict cognitive change in patients with depression.

Aims
To systematically examine findings from studies that investigate baseline variables and how they predict, or correlate with, cognitive change in mood disorders, and to examine methodological issues from these studies.

Method
Studies that directly measured associations between at least one baseline variable and change in cognitive outcome in patients with current major depressive episode were identified using PubMed and Web of Science databases. Narrative review technique was used because of the heterogeneity of patient samples, outcome measures and study procedures. The review was registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42020150975.

Results
Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Evidence from the present review for prediction of cognitive change from baseline variables was limited for demographic factors, with some preliminary evidence for depression, cognitive and biological factors. Identification of patterns across studies was difficult because of methodological variability across studies.

Conclusions
Findings from the present review suggest there may be some baseline variables that are useful in predicting cognitive change in mood disorders. This is an area warranting further research focus.
Germ Cell Tumor Molecular Heterogeneity Revealed Through Analysis of Primary and Metastasis Pairs
Authors: Cheng Michael L. , Donoghue Mark T.A. , Audenet François , Wong Nathan C. , Pietzak Eugene J. , Bielski Craig M. , Isharwal Sumit , Iyer Gopa , Funt Samuel , Bagrodia Aditya , Bajorin Dean F. , Reuter Victor E. , Eng Jana , Joseph Gabriella , Bourque Caitlin , Bromberg Maria , Ling Lilan , Selcuklu S. Duygu , Arcila Maria E. , Tsui Dana W.Y. , Zehir Ahmet , Viale Agnes , Berger Michael F. , Bosl George J. , Sheinfeld Joel , Van Allen Eliezer , Taylor Barry S. , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Solit David B. , Feldman Darren R. 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE Although primary germ cell tumors (GCTs) have been extensively characterized, molecular analysis of metastatic sites has been limited. We performed whole-exome sequencing and targeted next-generation sequencing on paired primary and metastatic GCT samples in a patient cohort enriched for cisplatin-resistant disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tissue sequencing was performed on 100 tumor specimens from 50 patients with metastatic GCT, and sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA was performed for a subset of patients. RESULTS The mutational landscape of primary and metastatic pairs from GCT patients was highly discordant (68% of all somatic mutations were discordant). Whereas genome duplication was common and highly concordant between primary and metastatic samples, only 25% of primary-metastasis pairs had ≥ 50% concordance at the level of DNA copy number alterations (CNAs). Evolutionary-based analyses revealed that most mutations arose after CNAs at the respective loci in both primary and metastatic samples, with oncogenic mutations enriched in the set of early-occurring mutations versus variants of unknown significance (VUSs). TP53 pathway alterations were identified in nine cisplatin-resistant patients and had the highest degree of concordance in primary and metastatic specimens, consistent with their association with this treatment-resistant phenotype. CONCLUSION Analysis of paired primary and metastatic GCT specimens revealed significant molecular heterogeneity for both CNAs and somatic mutations. Among loci demonstrating serial genetic evolution, most somatic mutations arose after CNAs, but oncogenic mutations were enriched in the set of early-occurring mutations as compared with VUSs. Alterations in TP53 were clonal when present and shared among primary-metastasis pairs.
Hypercalcemia in Children Using the Ketogenic Diet: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Hawkes Colin P , Roy Sani M , Dekelbab Bassem , Frazier Britney , Grover Monica , Haidet Jaime , Listman James , Madsen Sarianne , Roan Marian , Rodd Celia , Sopher Aviva , Tebben Peter , Levine Michael A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
The ketogenic diet is associated with progressive skeletal demineralization, hypercalciuria, and nephrolithiasis. Acute hypercalcemia has been described as a newly recognized complication of this treatment.

Objective
To describe the clinical characteristics of acute hypercalcemia in children on the ketogenic diet through analysis of the presentation, response to treatment, and natural history in a large cohort of patients.

Design
A multicenter case series was performed including children who developed acute hypercalcemia while treated with the ketogenic diet. Information on clinical presentation, treatment, and course of this complication was collated centrally.

Results
There were 14 patients (median (range) age 6.3 (0.9 to 18) years) who developed hypercalcemia 2.1 (range, 0.2-12) years after starting the ketogenic diet. All had low levels of parathyroid hormone and levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were low in all except one. Seven (50%) had impaired renal function at presentation. All except the 2 oldest had low alkaline phosphatase levels for age. Once normocalcemia was achieved, hypercalcemia recurred in only 2 of these patients over observation of up to 9.8 years. One patient discontinued the ketogenic diet prior to achieving normocalcemia while 4 more stopped the diet during follow-up after resolution of hypercalcemia.

Conclusions
Ketotic hypercalcemia can occur years after starting the ketogenic diet, especially in the setting of renal impairment. The mechanism is unknown but appears to be due to reduced osteoblast activity and impaired bone formation. We recommend close attention to optimizing bone health in these children, and screening for the development of ketotic hypercalcemia.
Rapamycin Plus Vildagliptin to Recover β-Cell Function in Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial
Authors: Bolla Andrea Mario , Gandolfi Alessandra , Borgonovo Elisa , Laurenzi Andrea , Caretto Amelia , Molinari Chiara , Catalano Roberta Sara , Bianconi Eleonora , Monti Paolo , Sordi Valeria , Pellegrini Silvia , Lampasona Vito , Costa Sabrina , Scavini Marina , Bosi Emanuele , Piemonti Lorenzo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with rapamycin plus vildagliptin restores β-cell function in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes.

Methods
A phase 2, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in long-standing type 1 diabetes patients randomly assigned (1:1:1) to 4 weeks of rapamycin (group 2), 4 weeks of rapamycin plus 12 weeks of vildagliptin (group 3), or double placebo (group 1). The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with a positive response to the Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test (C-peptide at 90 minutes &gt; 0.2 nmol/L) at weeks 4 and 12. Secondary end points included insulin requirement, standard measures of glycemic control, and hormonal and immunological profile.

Results
Fifty-five patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (n = 18), group 2 (n = 19), or group 3 (n = 18). No patient in any group showed a positive C-peptide response, and there was no significant difference at 4 and 12 weeks for the primary outcome. At 4 weeks, insulin requirement decreased from 0.54 to 0.48 U/kg/day in group 2 (P = .013), from 0.59 to 0.51 U/kg/day in group 3 (P &lt; .001), whereas it did not change in group 1. At 12 weeks, glycated hemoglobin significantly decreased both in group 2 (from 7.3% [56 mmol/mol] to 7% [53 mmol/mol]; P = .045] and in group 3 (from 7.2% [55.5 mmol/mol] to 6.9% [52 mmol/mol]; P = .001]. Rapamycin treatment was associated with a decrease in insulin antibody titer and changes in hormonal/immunological profile.

Conclusions
Rapamycin reduced insulin requirement, but did not restore β-cell function in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes.
GLP-1 Receptor Signaling Differentially Modifies the Outcomes of Sterile vs Viral Pulmonary Inflammation in Male Mice
Authors: Sato Takehiro , Shimizu Tatsunori , Fujita Hiroki , Imai Yumiko , Drucker Daniel J , Seino Yutaka , Yamada Yuichiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A number of disease states, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), are associated with an increased risk of pulmonary infection. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are used to treat T2D and exert anti-inflammatory actions through a single, well-defined GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Although highly expressed in the lung, little is known about the role of the GLP-1R in the context of pulmonary inflammation. Here we examined the consequences of gain or loss of GLP-1R activity in infectious and noninfectious lung inflammation. We studied wild-type mice treated with a GLP-1R agonist, and Glp1r–/– mice, in the setting of bleomycin-induced noninfectious lung injury and influenza virus infection. Loss of the GLP-1R attenuated the severity of bleomycin-induced lung injury, whereas activation of GLP-1R signaling increased pulmonary inflammation via the sympathetic nervous system. In contrast, GLP-1R agonism reduced the pathogen load in mice with experimental influenza virus infection in association with increased expression of intracellular interferon-inducible GTPases. Notably, the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide improved the survival rate after influenza virus infection. Our results reveal context-dependent roles for the GLP-1 system in the response to lung injury. Notably, the therapeutic response of GLP-1R agonism in the setting of experimental influenza virus infection may have relevance for ongoing studies of GLP-1R agonism in people with T2D susceptible to viral lung injury.
Cuidado centrado na família em neonatologia: percepções dos profissionais e familiares
Authors: Uema Roberta Tognollo Borotta , Rodrigues Bruna Caroline , Rissi Gabrieli Patrício , Felipin Larissa Carolina Segantini , Higarashi Ieda Harumi 
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: analisar, sob a ótica dos profissionais que atuam em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e dos pais das crianças internadas, o entendimento do cuidado centrado na família. Método: estudo quantitativo de abordagem descritiva, realizado em 2018 com 19 profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital de ensino na região noroeste do Paraná e nove familiares. Utilizaram-se dois questionários autoaplicáveis acerca do tema e os sujeitos foram abordados durante seu período de permanência na unidade. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Pesquisa aprovada pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa da instituição. Resultados: a equipe demonstra acolhimento pela família, os pais sentem esse vínculo, porém nos momentos de tomada de decisão, esta ainda é centralizada no profissional de saúde. Conclusão: a percepção dos profissionais e dos familiares converge para o cuidado centrado na família, porém, de forma incipiente, desconhecendo seus demais desdobramentos e maneiras de colocá-lo em prática.
Tibial plateau fracture: anatomy, diagnosis and management
Authors: Rudran Branavan , Little Christopher , Wiik Anatole , Logishetty Kartik 
Published: October 2020

Tibial plateau fractures are peri-articular knee fractures of the proximal tibia. The presentation is dependent on the mechanism of injury. The tibial plateau is the bony platform of the distal half of the knee joint, and is made up of a medial and lateral condyle separated by the intercondylar eminence. The presentation of tibial plateau fractures can vary greatly as a result of the bimodal mechanism of injury and patient characteristics. The patient should be assessed for life- and limb-threatening injuries in accordance with British Orthopaedic Association Standards of Trauma guidelines. Imaging is undertaken to understand configuration of the fracture, which is classified by the Schatzker classification. Definitive management of the fracture depends on the severity, ranging from conservative to surgical management. Surgery is required for more severe tibial plateau fractures to restore articular congruity, mechanical alignment, ligamentous stability and to permit early mobilisation. Medium-term functional outcome after tibial plateau fractures is generally excellent when anatomy and stability is restored. At least half of patients return to their original level of physical activity. Surgical management of tibial plateau fractures is not without complication. Risk factors include postoperative arthritis, bicondylar and comminuted fractures, meniscal removal, instability, malalignment and articular incongruity. Tibial plateau fractures account for 1% of all fractures, and typically occur either as a fragility fracture or secondary to a high-energy impact. These latter injuries are associated with extensive soft tissue injury, life- and limb-threatening complications and long-term sequelae. While outcomes are generally good, severe injuries are at higher risk of infection and post-traumatic arthritis requiring knee arthroplasty. This article considers the anatomy, diagnosis and evidence-based management strategies for tibial plateau fracture.
Mapping the methodologies of the craft sciences in Finland, Sweden and Norway
Authors: Kokko Sirpa , Almevik Gunnar , Bentz Høgseth Harald C. , Seitamaa-Hakkarainen Pirita 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The craft sciences have emerged as a field of academic research in Finland, Sweden and Norway since the early 1990s. In Finland, craft research has examined various aspects of crafts using a multidisciplinary approach, adapting a range of methods from other academic disciplines according to the research topic. Another source has been the schools of domestic sciences in which craft research has been a recognized field. In Sweden and Norway, craft research has developed strongly in architectural conservation and cultural heritage with a focus on traditional craftsmanship and the performative elements of intangible cultural heritage. This article offers an overview of the developments and progress of the field of craft sciences in these countries, including its methodological approaches, with a focus on Ph.D. theses. Through mapping recurrent methodological approaches, the following categories were derived: craft reconstruction, craft interpretations, craft elicitation, craft amplification and craft socialization. The aim of the classification, and the model derived from it, is to help researchers and students understand better how different types of knowledge relate to different research methods and apply them within their own research. The purpose of the research is to create a common infrastructure for research and education in order to connect and strengthen the dispersed academic communities of craft research and to establish craft science as a formally recognized discipline within the academic system.