bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of growth‐promoting bacteria on soybean root activity, plant development, and yield
Authors: Moretti Luiz Gustavo , Crusciol Carlos A. C. , Kuramae Eiko E. , Bossolani João W. , Moreira Adônis , Costa Nídia R. , Alves Cleiton J. , Pascoaloto Isabô M. , Rondina Artur B. L. , Hungria Mariangela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRhizobia and other plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been broadly used as inoculants in agriculture, resulting in morphofunctional improvements in roots and grain yield. This study was carried out during two cropping seasons under field and greenhouse conditions in Brazil to verify the effects of inoculation of two soybean cultivars with PGPR and secondary microbial metabolites (SMMs) on root activity and nodulation, plant development, and grain yield. Inoculation and co‐inoculation treatments consisted of Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain SEMIA 5079 and B. diazoefficiens strain SEMIA 5080 inoculated together, in combination with Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713, Azospirillum brasilense strains Ab‐V5 and Ab‐V6, and SMMs extracted from B. diazoefficiens strain USDA 110 and Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT 889. Root systems were evaluated by direct (optical reading) and indirect (rubidium nitrate application, 85RbNO3) methods. Increases of up to 1.6% in root diameter (0.01‐ to 0.5‐mm class), 28.5% in length, 19.7% in root volume, 17.8% in root surface area, 29% in the number of nodules, 27.2% in nodule dry weight, 13.5% in root dry weight, and 3.8% in shoot dry weight. Greater exploration and activity within and between rows following inoculation at up to 40 and 10 cm in depth, respectively, were observed in plants co‐inoculated with the standard inoculation (only Bradyrhizobium spp.) + SMMs + A. brasilense, resulting in a yield increase of 485 kg ha−1. The results emphasize the biotechnological potential of using secondary metabolites of rhizobia with inoculants containing rhizobia and PGPR to improve the growth and soybean yield in tropical conditions.
Resilience, Coloniality, and Sovereign Acts: The Role of Community Activism
Authors: Serrano‐García Irma 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPuerto Rico has been a U.S. colony since 1898. For the past decades, it has been mired in public debt, social problems, and ineffective and corrupt governance. In 2017, the island was hit by hurricanes which devastated our country. After the event, the term “resilience” became ubiquitous. Labeling Puerto Ricans’ capacity to tolerate misfortune and suffering “resilient” gave people a false sense of hope and offered government a pretext to postpone or inequitably dispense aid. So‐called “resilience” also allowed Puerto Ricans to avoid the impact of colonialism and coloniality on pre‐existing conditions which hurricanes accentuated. In this context, community activism played a major role. Community organizations initially provided aid and generated chains of solidarity. They initiated “sovereign acts” which are mostly guided by principles and values espoused by community psychology. Thus, we have a duty to contribute to efforts which can promote liberating our island from colonialism and coloniality.
Forest fragments become farmland: Dietary Response of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to fast‐changing anthropogenic landscapes
Authors: McLennan Matthew R. , Lorenti Georgia A. , Sabiiti Tom , Bardi Massimo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBehavioral flexibility, including an ability to modify feeding behavior, is a key trait enabling primates to survive in forest fragments. In human‐dominated landscapes, unprotected forest fragments can become progressively degraded, and may be cleared entirely, challenging the capacity of primates to adjust to the changes. We examined responses of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) to major habitat change: that is, clearance of forest fragments for agriculture. Over 7 years, fragments in Bulindi, Uganda, were reduced in size by 80%. We compared the chimpanzees’ diet at the start and end of this period of rapid deforestation, using data derived mainly from fecal analysis. Similar to other long‐term study populations, chimpanzees in Bulindi have a diverse diet comprising over 169 plant foods. However, extensive deforestation seemed to impact their feeding ecology. Dietary changes after fragment clearance included reduced overall frugivory, reduced intake of figs (Ficus spp.; formerly a dietary “staple” for these chimpanzees), and reduced variety of fruits in fecal samples. Nevertheless, the magnitude of most changes was remarkably minor given the extent of forest loss. Agricultural fruits increased in dietary importance, with crops accounting for a greater proportion of fruits in fecal samples after deforestation. In particular, cultivated jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) became a “staple” food for the chimpanzees but was scarcely eaten before fragment clearance. Crops offer some nutritional benefits for primates, being high in carbohydrate energy and low in hard‐to‐digest fiber. Thus, crop feeding may have offset foraging costs associated with loss of wild foods and reduced overall frugivory for the chimpanzees. The adaptability of many primates offers hope for their conservation in fragmented, rural landscapes. However, long‐term data are needed to establish whether potential benefits (i.e. energetic, reproductive) of foraging in agricultural matrix habitats outweigh fitness costs from anthropogenic mortality risk for chimpanzees and other adaptable primates.
Concordance of Lumipulse cerebrospinal fluid t‐tau/Aβ42 ratio with amyloid PET status
Authors: Kaplow June , Vandijck Manu , Gray Julia , Kanekiyo Michio , Huyck Els , Traynham C. J. , Esquivel Rianne , Fagan Anne M. , Luthman Johan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can identify individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology (eg, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles), but defined analyte cut‐points using high‐throughput automated assays are necessary for general clinical use.MethodsCSF amyloid β42 peptide (Aβ42), t‐tau, and t‐tau/Aβ42 were quantified by the Lumipulse platform in two test cohorts (A/B: Eisai BAN2401‐201/MISSION AD E2609‐301/302, n = 138; C: Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC), n = 198), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses defined cut‐points corresponding best to amyloid determinations using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The best‐performing cut‐point was then validated as a predictor of amyloid status in an independent cohort (D: MISSION AD E2609‐301/302, n = 240).ResultsVirtually identical t‐tau/Aβ42 cut‐points (∼0.54) performed best in both test cohorts and with similar accuracy (areas under ROC curve [AUCs] [A/B: 0.95; C: 0.94]). The cut‐point yielded an overall percent agreement with amyloid PET of 85.0% in validation cohort D.DiscussionLumipulse CSF biomarker measures with validated cut‐points have clinical utility in identifying AD pathology.
Long‐term case study of a Wuzhishan miniature pig with diabetes
Authors: Niu Miaomiao , Liu Yaqian , Xiang Lei , Zhao Yuqiong , Yuan Jifang , Jia Yunxiao , Dai Xin , Chen Hua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMiniature pigs are attractive animal models for exploring diabetes because they are similar to humans in terms of physiological structure and metabolism. However, little is known about the complications of diabetes in pigs.MethodsIn this study, a 28‐month observation of a Wuzhishan miniature pig with streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced (120 mg/kg) diabetes was conducted, to investigate diabetes‐related complications and the possibility of self‐recovery in miniature pigs. Blood glucose, serum and urinary biochemistry was measured, and histopathologic examinations of eyes, kidney and pancreas were made.ResultsDuring the observation, diabetic complications of eyes and kidney were observed. The eye complications included bilateral cataracts in the 15th month and degeneration of inner retina and microaneurysm in the 28th month. Kidney complications included glomerular mesangial expansion, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis, and renal tubular epithelial degeneration, but no proteinuria was observed. By 28 months after the application of STZ, with no treatment given, blood glucose had recovered and the number of pancreatic islet beta‐cells had increased significantly.ConclusionsWe showed that the STZ‐induced diabetes model in miniature pigs could accurately mimic the pathological changes of human diabetes, and that pancreatic islet beta‐cell regeneration did occur in an adult miniature pig, providing a new means for exploring diabetic complications and pancreatic islet beta‐cell regeneration.
Stable Polymer Nanoparticles with Exceptionally High Drug Loading by Sequential Nanoprecipitation
Authors: Liu Yun , Yang Guangze , Baby Thejus , Tengjisi  , Chen Dong , Weitz David A. , Zhao Chun‐Xia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPoor solubility often leads to low drug efficacy. Encapsulation of water‐insoluble drugs in polymeric nanoparticles offers a solution. However, low drug loading remains a critical challenge. Now, a simple and robust sequential nanoprecipitation technology is used to produce stable drug‐core polymer‐shell nanoparticles with high drug loading (up to 58.5 %) from a wide range of polymers and drugs. This technology is based on tuning the precipitation time of drugs and polymers using a solvent system comprising multiple organic solvents, which allows the formation of drug nanoparticles first followed by immediate precipitation of one or two polymers. This technology offers a new strategy to manufacture polymeric nanoparticles with high drug loading having good long‐term stability and programmed release and opens a unique opportunity for drug delivery applications.
Remote Participation during Glycosylation Reactions of Galactose Building Blocks: Direct Evidence from Cryogenic Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Marianski Mateusz , Mucha Eike , Greis Kim , Moon Sooyeon , Pardo Alonso , Kirschbaum Carla , Thomas Daniel A. , Meijer Gerard , von Helden Gert , Gilmore Kerry , Seeberger Peter H. , Pagel Kevin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe stereoselective formation of 1,2‐cis‐glycosidic bonds is challenging. However, 1,2‐cis‐selectivity can be induced by remote participation of C4 or C6 ester groups. Reactions involving remote participation are believed to proceed via a key ionic intermediate, the glycosyl cation. Although mechanistic pathways were postulated many years ago, the structure of the reaction intermediates remained elusive owing to their short‐lived nature. Herein, we unravel the structure of glycosyl cations involved in remote participation reactions via cryogenic vibrational spectroscopy and first principles theory. Acetyl groups at C4 ensure α‐selective galactosylations by forming a covalent bond to the anomeric carbon in dioxolenium‐type ions. Unexpectedly, also benzyl ether protecting groups can engage in remote participation and promote the stereoselective formation of 1,2‐cis‐glycosidic bonds.
Influence of the morphology and viscoelasticity on the thermomechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane blends compatibilized with ethylene‐ester copolymer
Authors: Bernardes Giordano Pierozan , da Rosa Luiz Nathália , Santana Ruth Marlene Campomanes , de Camargo Forte Maria Madalena 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTViscoelastic, interfacial properties, and morphological data were employed to predict the thermal and mechanical properties of compatibilized poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends. The combination of interfacial thickness measured by contact angle and entanglement density determined by dynamical mechanical analysis analyze data was employed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of PLA/TPU blends with and without ethylene‐butyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate (EBG) compatibilization agent. The PLA/TPU blend (70/30 wt %) was prepared in a Haake internal mixer at 190 °C and compatibilized with different contents of EBG. The evaluation of the interfacial properties revealed an increase in the interfacial layer thickness of the PLA/TPU blend with EBG. The scanning electronic microscopy images showed a drastic reduction in the size of the dispersed phase by increasing the compatibilizer agent EBG content in the blend. The compatibilization of the PLA/TPU blends improved both the Izod impact strength and yield stress by 38 and 33%, respectively, in comparison with neat PLA/TPU blend. The addition of EBG into PLA/TPU blends significantly increased the entanglement density and the PLA toughening but resulted in a decrease of PLA deformation at break. The PLA and TPU glass transitions were affected by the EBG, suggesting that the PLA and TPU domains were partially miscible. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48926.
Excellent oil/water separation performance of poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride)/fluorocarbon surfactant membrane filter with functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Guo Ya‐Ni , Liang Li‐Yun , Bao Shi‐Xuan , Du Fei‐Peng , Wen Xuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolymer/fluorocarbon surfactant membranes have been reported to display excellent oleophobic/hydrophilic behavior and outstanding oil/water separation properties. In this work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) enhanced poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride)/fluorocarbon surfactant (PSMA/MWNTs/FS) membrane filters were prepared by dip‐coating PSMA/MWNTs/FS on stainless steel meshes for efficient oil/water separation. The microstructure, thermal properties, wettability, oil/water separation ability, and recyclability were investigated. The results revealed that the MWNTs are suitably dispersed in the membrane, further increasing the thermal stability, oil/water separation efficiency, and recyclability. The oil/water separation efficiency of the complex membrane filter containing MWNTs was 99% initially and 97% after 20 cycles. This work provides a simple, low‐cost, and environmentally friendly approach for efficient oil/water separation.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy with PD‐L1 test for the first‐line treatment of NSCLC
Authors: Wan Ning , Zhang Tian‐tian , Hua Si‐hua , Lu Zi‐luo , Ji Bo , Li Li‐xia , Lu Li‐qing , Huang Wen‐jie , Jiang Jie , Li Jian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPembrolizumab (Pembro) in combination with chemotherapy has been approved for the treatment of pretreated advanced NSCLC in the United States and China for its significant efficacy. However, the cost‐effectiveness is unknown considering Pembro's high price. The impact of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) test on the cost‐effectiveness is also unknown. The current study assessed the cost‐effectiveness of combination therapy for nonsquamous NSCLC from the United States and China public payers’ perspective.Materials and MethodsA literature‐based Markov model was conducted using KEYNOTE‐189 trial data to compare cost and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) of three treatment strategies for nonsquamous NSCLC: Pembro‐chemotherapy combination and chemotherapy strategy without PD‐L1 test, and treatment strategy according to their PD‐L1 status.ResultsIn base case analysis, the combination strategy generated an additional 0.78 QALYs and 0.59 QALYs over chemotherapy in the United States and China respectively, resulting in an ICER of $132 392/QALY in the United States and $92 533/QALY in China. In the PD‐L1 ≥1% base case, the ICERs were $77 754/QALY and $56 768/QALY respectively in the United States and China for PD‐L1 test strategy. In the PD‐L1 ≥50% base case, the ICERs were $44 731/QALY and $34 388/QALY respectively in the United States and China for PD‐L1 test strategy. Lowering Pembro price can also partly decrease the ICERs.ConclusionCompared with chemotherapy, the combination strategy is not cost‐effective for the treatment of NSCLC in the American and Chinese health care system at WTP threshold of $100 000/QALY for the United States and $27 351/QALY for China. Using PD‐L1 test for patient selection and price reduction could improve the cost‐effective probabilities of immunotherapy for nonsquamous NSCLC.
Self‐Healing Microsupercapacitors with Size‐Dependent 2D MXene
Authors: Li Xingxing , Ma Yanan , Shen Peizhi , Zhang Chuankun , Yan Jinfeng , Xia Yingbo , Luo Shijun , Gao Yihua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVery recently, 2D MXene has attracted a lot of attention in energy storage, due to its large specific surface area, good hydrophilicity, good conductivity and adjustable composition. Herein, we reported a kind of self‐healing microsupercapacitors (MSCs) based on size‐dependent Ti3C2Tx MXene. Due to the rich physicochemical properties of Ti3C2Tx, the MSCs were fabricated by firstly spraying different lateral size MXene nanosheets onto the cellulose paper, and then selectively engraving interdigital electrodes by laser engraving machine. The flexible MXene‐based MSCs were assembled by sulfuric acid‐polyvinyl alcohol electrolyte. It is observed the electrochemical performance of MXene‐based MSCs is significantly affected by the nanosheet size. And the capacitance of MSCs fabricated by smaller lateral nanosheet reached up to 73.6 mF/cm2, which is higher than that of the larger lateral nanosheet and mixture one that contains smaller and larger nanosheets (1 : 1 mass ratio). Moreover, the self‐healing MXene‐based MSCs fabricated with polyurethane containing large number of hydrogen bonds as the wrapped material, present an excellent self‐healing ability with capacitance retention of 90 % over 2000 charge/discharge cycles after 5th cutting/healing. And MXene‐based MSCs display great potential in the field of energy storage, which not only turn on the LED light but also drive the electronic clock.
Enantiomers of phospholipids and cholesterol: A key to decipher lipid‐lipid interplay in membrane
Authors: Hanashima Shinya , Yano Yo , Murata Michio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost phospholipids constituting biological membranes are chiral molecules with a hydrophilic head group and hydrophobic alkyl chains, rendering biphasic property characteristic of membrane lipids. Some lipids assemble into small domains via chirality‐dependent homophilic and heterophilic interactions, the latter of which sometimes include cholesterol to form lipid rafts and other microdomains. On the other hand, lipid mediators and hormones derived from chiral lipids are recognized by specific membrane or nuclear receptors to induce downstream signaling. It is crucial to clarify the physicochemical properties of the lipid self‐assembly for the study of the functions and behavior of biological membranes, which often become elusive due to effects of membrane proteins and other biological events. Three major lipids with different skeletal structures were discussed: sphingolipids including ceramides, phosphoglycerolipids, and cholesterol. The physicochemical properties of membranes and physiological functions of lipid enantiomers and diastereomers were described in comparison to natural lipids. When each enantiomer formed a self‐assembly or interacted with achiral lipids, both lipid enantiomers exhibited identical membrane physicochemical properties, while when the enantiomer interacted with chiral lipids or with the opposite enantiomer, mixed membranes exhibited different properties. For example, racemic membranes comprising native sphingomyelin and its antipode exhibited phase segregation due to their strong homophilic interactions. Therefore, lipid enantiomers and diastereomers can be good probes to investigate stereospecific lipid‐lipid and lipid‐protein interactions occurring in biological membranes.
One‐Pot Process to Carborano‐Coumarin via Catalytic CascadeDehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Au Yik Ki , Lyu Hairong , Quan Yangjian , Xie Zuowei 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionIr‐catalyzed cascade dehydrogenative CH/BH and BH/OH cross‐coupling of carboranyl carboxylic acid with readily available benzoic acid has been achieved, leading to the facile synthesis of previously unavailable carborano‐coumarin in a simple one‐pot process. Two cage B—H, one aryl C—H and one O—H bonds are activated to construct efficiently new B—C and B—O bonds. The cascade cyclization can stop at the first B—H/C—H cross‐coupling step by tuning the reaction conditions, resulting in a series of α‐carboranyl benzoic acid and aryl carborane derivatives. Control experiments indicate that B—H/C—H dehydrocoupling proceeds preferentially over B—H/O—H dehydrocoupling, and both directing groups and oxidants are crucial for this reaction. An iridium(V) intermediate is proposed to be involved in the catalytic cycle.
Biomechanical analysis of the interaction phenomena between artificial urinary sphincter and urethral duct
Authors: Natali Arturo N. , Fontanella Chiara G. , Carniel Emanuele L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMale urinary incontinence is a widespread healthcare problem, leading to a miserable quality of life. Artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is a device inserted mostly around the urethra in adult males, which mimics the urinary sphincter by providing a closure during urinary storage and a subsequent open to permit voiding. The interaction phenomena occurring between AUS cuff and urethral duct represent a fundamental problem in the investigation of AUS reliability and durability. In this work, computational methods are exploited to deeply investigate the mechanics of interaction phenomena occurring between urethral duct and AUS device. Experimental studies are performed on urethral tissues, and structural tests are carried out on the overall urethral duct to obtain a large set of information required for mechanical properties definition. The mechanical behavior of AUS cuff is investigated using mechanical and physicochemical procedures. The cuff conformation is acquired by computed tomography techniques for the definition of the numerical model. Numerical analyses are developed to evaluate the mechanical response of urethral duct in interaction with AUS cuff, considering the lumen occlusion process for maintaining urinary continence. Finally, the investigation of the compressive stress and strain fields within urethral tissues allows the identification of device performance and reliability in correlation with surgical practice.
Visible‐Light‐Triggered Quantitative Oxidation of 9,10‐Dihydroanthracene to Anthraquinone by O2 under Mild Conditions
Authors: Jiang Dabo , Hu Wenwei , Chen Mengke , Fu Zaihui , Su Anqun , Yang Bo , Mao Feng , Zhang Chao , Liu Yachun , Yin Dulin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of mild and efficient processes for the selective oxygenation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen (O2) is key for the synthesis of oxygenates. This paper discloses an atom‐efficient synthesis protocol for the photo‐oxygenation of 9,10‐dihydroanthracene (DHA) by O2 to anthraquinone (AQ), which could achieve quantitative AQ yield (100 %) without any extra catalysts or additives under ambient temperature and pressure. A yield of 86.4 % AQ was obtained even in an air atmosphere. Furthermore, this protocol showed good compatibility for the photo‐oxidation of several other compounds with similar structures to DHA. From a series of control experiments, free‐radical quenching, and electron paramagnetic resonance spin‐trapping results, the photo‐oxygenation of DHA was probably initiated by its photoexcited state DHA*, and the latter could activate O2 to a superoxide anion radical (O2.−) through the transfer of its electron. Subsequently, this photo‐oxidation was gradually dominated by the oxygenated product AQ as an active photocatalyst obtained from the oxidation of DHA by O2.−, and was accelerated with the rapid accumulation of AQ. The present photo‐oxidation protocol is a good example of selective oxygenation based on the photoexcited substrate self‐activated O2, which complies well with green chemistry ideals.