bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theories and Strategies of Economic Development in the Region
Authors: Manea Gheorghe Cosmin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The concern for increasing macroeconomic stability is specific to both, small and large countries within the European Community. In that paper are presented ways in which are made links between the states of the world policies and economies development characteristics. That study has imposed a new type of characterization sustained by the national economies manifestation whose is correlated with the interaction between governmental policies and also with national and regional factors. This interaction is conditioned by specify effect of the economic, scientific, demographic, social and cultural development of each country, part of European Union. Taking into account all the imminent obstacles over the years of nations existence, is demonstrated that the European Union is supposed over and over of a new development process, being considered one of the most economically prosperous areas in the world and also one of the most competitive. However, major weaknesses arise due to the existence of significant disparities in prosperity and productivity between Member States and component regions. The complexity of the regional development policy arises at the level of the European Union, from its objective of reducing the economic and social disparities existing between the different region of Europe’s that was and will be an objective that it has implications on important areas for development, such as economic growth, labor force, transport, agriculture, urban development, environmental protection, education. Registered at different levels (local, regional, national and European) - regional policy, deals with the coordination of the different sectors and with the cooperation between the decision levels and the balancing of the financial resources. The conclusion is related with the idea of a must follow regional development economies starting from national level respecting a certain dynamic. That aspect must also take into account the continuous changes determined by the restructuring of the production and the increase of the competitiveness at national and local level.
Current account deficits and implications on Romanian economy
Authors: Niţă Sorin Cristian , Radulică Marilena Ionica , Dorneanu Mihai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The current account deficit is becoming a concerning matter with regards to the Romanian`s economy growth`s perspectives, also holding the attention of international financial institutions and rating agencies. Deficits and surpluses with regards to the current account are, to some extent, normal features of each economy and, by definition, do not constitute macroeconomic imbalances that need to be corrected immediately. Even so, by the international`s standards Romania`s current account deficit is a significant one. This paper aims to analyze the reason behind the increased current account deficit and also issue a series of recommendations in order for the economy to function as close to it`s potential as possible.
Smart grids, prosumers and energy management within a smart city integrated system
Authors: Savastano Marco , Suciu Marta-Christina , Gorelova Irina , Stativă Gheorghe-Alexandru 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Due to a significant increase in electricity consumption globally, governments have to look and to identify better, more efficient and effective alternatives and sustainable energy sources to meet this high demand. This becomes more and more important in the context of implementing modern approaches such as those that might be applied in cases of smart cities and cultural and creative communities. Electricity can be produced based on conventional sources, but also on an emergent use of renewable sources. The electricity grid is usually designed as unidirectional. We consider that in case of smart cities and creative-innovative communities there is a need to implement mostly new smart grids that are bidirectional. This may allow and support the emergency of a new type of electricity user, called “prosumers”, who produces electricity from renewable sources, next uses & shares them smartly within the smart grid and finally stores them. Globally, photovoltaic energy prosumers are considered one of the most important actors in the energy transition and seem to be ready to introduce significant amounts of electricity within the grid. We anticipate that people living in households in smart cities and communities among most regions of the world will tend in the future to improve their self-consumption from the production of smart energy. This paper supports the idea that using mostly electricity from renewable alternative sources, especially solar, can be also developed with the help of households acting within smart cities and communities. The paper will also present briefly an overview of the scientific literature dedicated to this topic. We will also provide further interesting insights through a number of case studies representing good practices regarding prosumers in Italy and Romania.
The lobby regulations caught between public policies and the interest of the groups
Authors: Ionaşcu Alexandru 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The intensification of integration led to the establishment of supranational structures, which influenced the volume of regulations and interaction between states, interest groups and the will of the people. The European Union is beginning to regulate several areas of public life and is gradually shifting the balance of regulations in relation to internal policies. As a result, the national governments are trapped between the interests of different economic and social groups and domestic politics, which is gradually becoming an element that is no longer representative for nationals. This article proposes a historical analysis of the matter with emphasis on how, the new approach has changed the paradigm of formulating European public policies from a classic method of regulation, in which the Commission collaborated with stakeholders and expert communities in developing regulation, to a subsequent one that embraced the method of policy coordination. The paper also aims to demonstrate the usefulness of transparent legislation in the field of relations between interests and decision-makers, especially in Eastern European states. The analysis was elaborated by researching primary and secondary sources plus the presentation of a representative case study. Lobby regulation is a recent concept in most Member States. Currently, only seven Member States have legislation on lobbying, as well as a mandatory register of interest group representatives. In some countries, there are codes of professional ethics drawn up by public relations and consultancy agencies, but they are not included in any set of laws. Future regulation will have the capability to create the premise of drafting rules between interest groups and state structures? Which are the essential principles that must be respected in the interaction between lobbyists and decision makers? Is the transparency of their efforts essential to legitimate the service of democracy?
Considerations on the European Companies and holdings
Authors: Chirieac Roxana Maria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In a political and economical climate that one might qualify as troubled, and on the background of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union, and therefore no longer offering the city of London as a light tax haven for the companies that don’t undergo transactions of economical substance on its territory, one might question the survival of transnational companies across the European Union. In this context, we thought of analysing the European companies, their history and their present day formation as well as their administration. The idea that one might carry out their activity throughout the European Union, using a simpler and lighter form of company, the idea that the administration of such company is easier and one doesn’t have to comply to the national legislation of each member state is indeed appealing. But what of the success of this regulation? Is the procedure indeed as simple as it was thought out to be, and if so, are the natural and moral persons using it to its full capacity? Also, on the other hand, what of the holding institution, generated by the common law system, a lot longer ago, which allows one to administer various companies in various states through a company that is located anywhere in the world. How are holdings incorporated, how are they administered and is this institution still in use in the European Union, considering the fact that one might set up a European company as a holding?
The Role of Subsidiarity and Proportionality Principles in the Development of a Future Digital Single Market and a Common European Contract Law
Authors: Dumitru Ovidiu Ioan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
From the far beginning of the European Communities, with broader objective of creating a perfect unique market for the member states, it must be underlined the importance of the results of the harmonisation process of the contract law and the single market and that, in time, the institutions struggled in their tumultuous work for fulfilling the indicated objectives to overcome the interventions from each Member State, interested, also, in shaping a great and prosperous common market, but trying, subsequently, to reason with their traditions, culture, ideological and political choices. The legislation on single market and European contract law is a subjected to the three guiding principles of the European Union: the principle of conferral, which empowers the European Union in terms of competence, the principle of subsidiarity, which underlines the European Union’s competence in a certain field that is shared with a Member State and the principle of proportionality, which applies if the first two principles are validated, dealing with the how the European Union should legislate. However, there are some critics who express their worries in that there are insufficient empirical proofs for redefining the harmonisation process. Taking into account the criticism, the European Court of Justice has ruled in numerous occasions that the authorisation to harmonise laws, with the scope of safeguarding the proper functioning of the European internal market does not grant the European Union a carte blanche in order to interfere with the sake of harmonisation any law it wishes. The way the above indicated principles maintained their roles provided by the treaties or they were subject of modification, by enrichment or limitation, by the caselaw provided by the European Court of Justice, we must investigate in order to picture a possible “finale” of our Single Market and this paper will concentrate of the influence of subsidiarity and proportionality on the fields most dynamic in the past years, the Digital Single Market and its contract law. This paper wishes to clarify how the two fundamental principles, of subsidiarity and proportionality, provided in time by the modifying treaties and consolidated by the European Court of Justice, influenced the evolution of the legislation regarding the Single Market and how those two may help or block the future evolution in the context of a continuous pressure coming from the development of the digital framework and online contracts.
Smart contracts - the new form of the legal agreements
Authors: Ene Charlotte 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Today we are witnesses an explosion of online business, developed on the internet – a special environment that requires own resources and tools and it is governed by specific rules. In this context, a new type of technology has been developed – the distributed ledger system, which allowed the creation of a new form of the agreement - the smart contracts. Smart contract is the next step forward in the process of digitalized contracts, after using the PDF documents with electronic signatures, and it favors the businesses to be carried out completely automatically, without the need for human intervention, and to gain greater efficiency and reduction in costs. This paper will try to provide the answers to several questions, such as: what is a smart contract?; how smart contract will be used?; how smart contract will be enforced?; etc. Moreover, it will be emphasized the advantages of smart contract and the new developments such as “Ricardian” contracts representing more efficient and transparent agreements that can be drafted and enforced on platform. Most important issue of this paper consists in analysis of legal framework of smart contracts using the basic principles of contract law combined with blockchain regulations, taking into account changing the paradigm from “code is law” to “law is code”.
Delayed COVID respiratory failure: what every front line healthcare worker needs to know
Authors: Hedges Mary S. , Jackson Kensler D. , Matcha Gautam V. , Ramakrishna Jahanavi M. , Libertin Claudia R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 has presented several diagnostic challenges in both recognition of acute disease and also the temporal presentation of disease convalescence with return to normal activity. We present a case of delayed clinical progression of COVID-19 associated respiratory failure on day 25 after initial symptom onset and, notably, after initial full resolution of symptoms and negative RT-PCR nasopharyngeal testing. The patient’s delayed presentation of exertional dyspnea and the utilization of specific characteristics of chest radiography in confirmation with laboratory cytokine measurement allowed for clinical re-categorization of the patient’s status to active COVID-19 clinical disease and changed acute management. COVID-19 positive patients should be advised to continue to monitor for respiratory deterioration for a greatly extended period of time, even if RT-PCR testing is negative and initial clinical symptoms have resolved. Frontline healthcare workers, including first responders and primary care providers, also need to be aware to monitor for and recognize this delayed presentation.
„Bhagavad-Gītā, and the Universal Wisdom of Hinduism”
Authors: Dragoman Dragoş 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The brief episode represented by the Bhagavad-Gītā, entrenched in the great body of the epic Hindu poem Mahābhārata, is revealing for the long lasting intellectual and spiritual effort made by the enlightened Indian philosophers in order to over-pass the ritual and social constraints put in place by the Veda, during the early period of the Hindu tradition. By focusing on the dialogue between a valiant knight and the earthly incarnation of God himself, a perennial wisdom is to be noticed. This is a promise for salvation from fear and death for all who dare to follow their duty, by offering them other ways of attending the Supreme. The self-sacrifice, the renunciation to all ego and the pure love for the Divine represent sacrifices that equal those offered by Hindu priests. By this, every single individual is meant to finally embrace freedom and eternity.
“Censorship of the orthodox press in communism. Case study: “Glasul wBisericii” Journal”
Authors: Nedelcu Silviu-Constantin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present study treats a very little researched subject in the specialized literature, respectively the censorship of the orthodox press in communism. We turned our attention to the periodical publication “Glasul Bisericii”, the official magazine of the Metropolitan Church of Ungrovlahia. During the communist regime, the religious press was doubly censored. This was exercised by two institutions, namely: the Department of Cults and the General Directorate of Press and Printing. The censors of the Department of Cults who dealt with the journals of religious cults did not necessarily have theological studies, for which reason they could not understand certain specialized terms or phrases. This thing can be seen into the report signed by the censor Ecaterina Durosov Macheev, from 1971. Another example would be the typing mystakes that escaped from the watchful eye of censorship, and that could have affected the relations between Romanian Orthodox Church and Russian Orthodox Church and, implicitly, with the Soviet Union.
“Challenges and controversies regarding involuntary hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital. Ethical aspects”
Authors: Anghel Claudia , Băcilă Ciprian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It is crucial to inform the public about the procedures in psychiatric practice, meant to ensure complex and adequate medical care for the mentally ill patient, in respect of the dignity and rights of the patient, but also according to legal regulations. The occurrence of twisted considerations about psychiatry and patients with mental illness is due to the lack of information about mental illness, the beneficial effects of drug therapy, the need for hospitalization and patient protection in a psychiatric hospital, as part of treatment. When a psychiatric patient is brought in the guard room of a psychiatric hospital by the public services (EMT, police, public guardians, etc.), by his family or when the patient voluntarily asks to be hospitalized (the ideal model), they will receive complex medical care in full respect for his rights. Some situations occur when the patient refuses to express his consent regarding the consultation, diagnosis, treatment or even hospitalization (surveillance and monitoring) in the psychiatric hospital, considering unjustified any approach in this regard and that this violates his fundamental rights. The form of hospitalization, without the patient’s consent, is called involuntary hospitalization (sectioned). This raises an issue between “respecting the patient’s rights” if he is acting to endanger himself or others or “restricting” them by involuntary hospitalization, which would increase the quality of care and patient safety.
“The literary debuts of the Romanian 80’s generation”
Authors: Gheorghe Vlad Alui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Individual identity crisis became an obsessive theme of the Central-European literature, lived intensively in this space. From this point of view, the generations and literary promotions of the 1960 and 1970’s Romania benefited from a specific openness due to a complex of social, political and historical factors. The 80s generation appeared in a full process of strengthening the ideological vigilance after the famous July Theses introduced by Nicolae Ceausescu following the North Korean model. Although there were the same rules and the same barriers for beginners of the era, the issue was treated and felt differently. While some suffer from the delay of the debut, others are patient because they trust their chance, others give up. Even if the overall context was an oppressive one and the institution of censorship was the one that controlled the literature during the communist period, authors managed to adapt and write no matter what, they found accepted ways that did not alter their message and they published under conditions that today we can hardly call without doubt honourable. The published authors had visibility and were united around some literary circles, forming what Allen Ginsberg called in The Best Minds of My Generation: A Literary History of the Beats, «circles of liberation.»
Current state of the cardiology bed fund in the Russian Federation and its dynamics during 2010–2018
Authors: Son I. M. , Evdakov V. A. , Manoshkina E. M. , Bantyeva M. N. , Melnikov Yu. Yu. 
Published: August 2020

Aim. To assess the current state of the cardiology bed fund in round-the-clock and day-patient facilities in the Russian Federation and the efﬁciency of its use in 2010–2018.Materials and methods. Using the method of descriptive statistics, the data from the Federal Statistical Observation Forms (No. 30, 47 and 14DS) were analyzed in order to assess the current state and dynamics of the use of cardiology beds during the 2010–2018 period.Results. The absolute number of cardiology hospital beds in Russia in 2018 amounted to 49,578 beds, which number was lower than in 2010 by 5,899 beds. The absolute number of cardiology beds in day-patient facilities of all hospital types increased by 169 beds and equaled 4,019 beds. The provision of the Russian population with round-the-clock hospital cardiology beds decreased from 3.88 per 10,000 population in 2010 to 3.38 in 2018 (–12.9%). The provision of the population with cardiology beds in day-patient facilities in hospitals providing inpatient care increased by 19.6% (from 0.12 to 0.14 per 10,000 population) in 2010–2018. This indicator decreased by 11.5% (from 0.15 to 0.14 per 10,000 population) in day-patient facilities in medical organizations providing outpatient care in 2014–2018. In Russia, the hospitalization rate in round-the-clock cardiology departments increased from 9.3 per 1000 population in 2010 to 10.8 in 2018 (+16.1%). The average length of patient stay in round-the-clock cardiology departments decreased from 13.1 days to 9.7 days (–26.0%), with the indicator of bed turnover growing by 29.2%. The mortality rate decreased by 3.6% (from 1.96% in 2010 to 1.89% in 2018).Conclusion. The total number of patients treated in cardiology beds of both round-the-clock and day-patient facilities was 266,311 people higher in 2018 compared to 2010, out of which 89.6% (236,004 people) were treated in round-the-clock hospital facilities and 10.4% (27,307 people) — in hospitals providing outpatient care. At the same time, the absolute number of round-the-clock hospital beds decreased. As a result, the rate of substituting treatment at round-the-clock hospital facilities with that at outpatient medical organizations remains insigniﬁcant.
A clinical report of Burkitt’s lymphoma
Authors: Burlutskaya A. V. , Kovalenko N. S. , Statova A. V. , Brisin Yu. V. 
Published: August 2020

Aim. A clinical analysis of Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) in a 4 years-old female child.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted for the history, disease’s course, laboratory and instrumental diagnosis and treatment in patient B. with BL, 4 years old.Results. A 4-yo patient was diagnosed with BL spread to bone marrow, CNS, lymph nodes, both kidneys and spleen. Leukocytosis in common blood proﬁle. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in biochemical blood proﬁle. Neck lymphadenopathy, mediastinum in computed tomography (CT). Splenomegaly. Multifocal lesion of both kidneys. Retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Positive clinical dynamics (normalisation of body weight) is observed with background therapy, LDH 335 U/L in biochemical blood proﬁle, reduced multifocal kidney lesion and spleen size in CT.Conclusion. A clinical case of Burkitt’s lymphoma is reported affecting the bone marrow, CNS, lymph nodes, both kidneys and spleen. Intensive polychemotherapy allowed stabilisation of the patient and containment of oncological processes.