bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ghost classes in $${\mathbb {Q}}$$-rank two orthogonal Shimura varieties
Authors: Bajpai Jitendra , Moya Giusti Matias V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, the existence of ghost classes for the Shimura varieties associated to algebraic groups of orthogonal similitudes of signature (2, n) is investigated. We make use of the study of the weights in the mixed Hodge structures associated to the corresponding cohomology spaces and results on the Eisenstein cohomology of the algebraic group of orthogonal similitudes of signature $$(1, n-1)$$

(
1
,
n
-
1
)

. For the values of $$n = 4, 5$$

n
=
4
,
5

we prove the non-existence of ghost classes for most of the irreducible representations (including most of those with an irregular highest weight). For the rest of the cases, we prove strong restrictions on the possible weights in the space of ghost classes and, in particular, we show that they satisfy the weak middle weight property.
Toll like-receptor agonist Pam3Cys modulates the immunogenicity of liposomes containing the tuberculosis vaccine candidate H56
Authors: Kennerknecht Kathrin , Noschka Reiner , Löffler Florian , Wehrstedt Stephanie , Pedersen Gabriel Kristian , Mayer Daniel , Grieshober Mark , Christensen Dennis , Stenger Steffen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA major roadblock in the development of novel vaccines is the formulation and delivery of the antigen. Liposomes composed of a dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) backbone and the adjuvant trehalose-6-6-dibehenate (TDB, termed “cationic adjuvant formulation (CAF01)”, promote immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccines, most notably against infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Specifically, the multicomponent antigen H56 delivered by CAF01 protects against tuberculosis in mice. Here we investigated whether the inclusion of immune-modulatory adjuvants into CAF01 modulates the immunogenicity of H56/CAF01 in vitro and in vivo. Based on our recent findings we selected the active sequence of the mycobacterial 19 kDa lipoprotein, Pam3Cys, which interacts with Toll like receptor 2 to induce an antimicrobial pathway. H56/CAF01-Pam3Cys liposomes were characterized for Pam3Cys incorporation, size, toxicity and activation of primary human macrophages. Macrophages efficiently take up H56/CAF01-Pam3Cys and trigger the release of significantly higher levels of TNF, IL-12 and IL-10 than H56/CAF01 alone. To evaluate the immunogenicity in vivo, we immunized mice with H56/CAF01-Pam3Cys and measured the release of IFN-γ and IL-17A by lymph node cells and spleen cells. While the antigen-specific production of IFN-γ was reduced by inclusion of Pam3Cys into H56/CAF01, the levels of IL-17A remained unchanged. In agreement with this finding, the concentration of the IFN-γ-associated IgG2a antibodies in the serum was lower than in H56/CAF01 immunized animals. These results provide proof of concept that Toll like-receptor agonist can be included into liposomes to modulate immune responses. The discordant results between the in vitro studies with human macrophages and in vivo studies in mice highlight the relevance and complexity of comparing immune responses in different species
Perinatal depressive symptoms often start in the prenatal rather than postpartum period: results from a longitudinal study
Authors: Wilcox Marsha , McGee Beth Ann , Ionescu Dawn F. , Leonte Marie , LaCross Lauren , Reps Jenna , Wildenhaus Kevin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDepressive symptoms during and after pregnancy confer risks for adverse outcomes in both the mother and child. Postpartum depression is traditionally diagnosed after birth of the child. Perinatal depression is a serious, prevalent heterogeneous syndrome that can occur during the period from conception through several months after childbirth. Onset and course are not well understood. There is a paucity of longitudinal studies of the disorder that include the antenatal period in population-based samples. We used an Internet panel of pregnant women recruited in 2 cohorts; 858 ascertained in the first and 322 ascertained in the third trimesters of pregnancy. We recruited the second cohort in order to assure sufficient sample to examine depressive symptoms later in pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Assessments included standard psychometric measures, health history, and pregnancy experience. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used for the assessment of depressive symptoms. Nearly 10% of women entered the pregnancy with depressive symptoms. Prevalence was about the same at 4 weeks and 3 months postpartum. During pregnancy, prevalence increased to 16% in the third trimester. Among incident cases, 80% occurred during pregnancy, with 1/3 occurring in the first trimester. We describe predictors of incident depressive symptoms and covariates associated with time-to-onset which include health history (psychiatric and medical) and social support covariates. The majority of incident depressive symptoms occur during pregnancy rather than afterward. This finding underscores the mandate for mental health screening early in pregnancy and throughout gestation. It will be important to find safe and effective interventions that prevent, mitigate, or delay the onset of depressive symptoms that can be implemented during pregnancy.
Widespread army ant aversion among East African jumping spiders (Salticidae)
Authors: Nelson Ximena J. , Aguilar-Arguello Samuel , Jackson Robert R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractJumping spiders (Salticidae) typically prey on a variety of arthropods of similar size to themselves, but rarely on ants. Using 28 salticid species from East Africa, we first investigated vision-based aversion to ants by recording latency to enter a transparent sealed chamber flanked by chambers containing living army ants (Dorylussp.) or tsetse flies (Glossina pallidipes) of comparable size. For all species, entry latency was significantly longer when the stimuli were ants. In another experiment, we used dead ants and tsetse flies mounted in a life-like posture as stimuli; except forGoleba puella, a species with unusual retinal ultrastructure, we again found significantly longer entry latency when the stimuli were ants. Our findings imply that these salticids express an aversion specifically to ants even when restricted to using vision alone and, except forG. puella, even when relying on solely the static appearance of the insects. Having used salticids from laboratory cultures with no prior experience with ants, our findings are consistent with vision-based aversion to army ants being innate.
An informative path planning framework for UAV-based terrain monitoring
Authors: Popović Marija , Vidal-Calleja Teresa , Hitz Gregory , Chung Jen Jen , Sa Inkyu , Siegwart Roland , Nieto Juan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles represent a new frontier in a wide range of monitoring and research applications. To fully leverage their potential, a key challenge is planning missions for efficient data acquisition in complex environments. To address this issue, this article introduces a general informative path planning framework for monitoring scenarios using an aerial robot, focusing on problems in which the value of sensor information is unevenly distributed in a target area and unknown a priori. The approach is capable of learning and focusing on regions of interest via adaptation to map either discrete or continuous variables on the terrain using variable-resolution data received from probabilistic sensors. During a mission, the terrain maps built online are used to plan information-rich trajectories in continuous 3-D space by optimizing initial solutions obtained by a coarse grid search. Extensive simulations show that our approach is more efficient than existing methods. We also demonstrate its real-time application on a photorealistic mapping scenario using a publicly available dataset and a proof of concept for an agricultural monitoring task.
The Effect of Variant Selection on Texture of TWIP/TRIP Steels During Uniaxial Tensile Loading
Authors: Benke Marton , Hlavacs Adrienn , Nagy Erzsebet , Karacs Gabor , Mertinger Valeria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present manuscript is to reveal the role of variant selection associated with the γ → εand γ → ε → α′ transformations in the resulting texture of γ, ε and α′ phases of FeMnCr steels during uniaxial loading. Tensile tests were carried out at temperatures well above and close to the martensite start temperature of the ε phase ($$ M_{\text{s}}^{\varepsilon } $$Msε). Pole figures were obtained from the cross-section of the fractured specimens by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The γ 〈111〉 texture developed regardless of test temperature. It was found that the ratio of diffracted intensity in the 0 and ~ 70 deg directions with respect to tensile axis notably changed with test temperature. The difference was caused by variant selection accompanying the γ → α′ transformation. At high temperatures, α′ martensite formed only in the ~ 70 deg directions, where the mechanical driving force is large. At lower temperatures, however, α′ martensite formed in the ~ 70 and 0 deg directions as well. It is also shown that stress/strain-induced ε martensite can only form in the ~ 70 deg directions. The results apply for all three examined steels.
Real Life Changes in Physical Activity Due to Intragastric Balloon Therapy and Their Relationship to Improving Cognitive Functions: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Gaździńska Agata P. , Mojkowska Aleksandra , Janewicz Michał , Binder Marek , Zieliński Piotr , Gazdzinski Stefan P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
We evaluated if the intragastric balloon (IGB) treatment leads to the increase in physical activity (PA) and whether they are related to cognitive improvements.

Methods
Fourteen morbidly obese patients (151 ± 24 kg, BMI = 51.8 ± 6.5, 107 ± 26% excess weight, 43.3 ± 10.6 years) underwent 6-day-long, uninterrupted evaluations of PA 1 month before IGB insertion and 1 month after its removal.

Results
Active energy expenditure and physical activity duration increased by more than 80% (p < 0.001) whereas the number of steps per day by 20% (p = 0.016). There was a pattern of relationships between cognitive improvements and increases in PA (p < 0.05). In particular, working memory improvements correlated with the increase in time spent on light physical activities (r = 0.673, p = 0.004).

Conclusion
The relationships suggest that an increase in physical activity mediates cognitive improvements in bariatric patients.
A comparative study of heterogeneous ensemble methods for the identification of geological lithofacies
Authors: Tewari Saurabh , Dwivedi U. D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMudstone reservoirs demand accurate information about subsurface lithofacies for field development and production. Normally, quantitative lithofacies modeling is performed using well logs data to identify subsurface lithofacies. Well logs data, recorded from these unconventional mudstone formations, are complex in nature. Therefore, identification of lithofacies, using conventional interpretation techniques, is a challenging task. Several data-driven machine learning models have been proposed in the literature to recognize mudstone lithofacies. Recently, heterogeneous ensemble methods (HEMs) have emerged as robust, more reliable and accurate intelligent techniques for solving pattern recognition problems. In this paper, two HEMs, namely voting and stacking, ensembles have been applied for the quantitative modeling of mudstone lithofacies using Kansas oil-field data. The prediction performance of HEMs is also compared with four state-of-the-art classifiers, namely support vector machine, multilayer perceptron, gradient boosting, and random forest. Moreover, the contribution of each well logs on the prediction performance of classifiers has been analyzed using the Relief algorithm. Further, validation curve and grid search techniques have also been applied to obtain valid search ranges and optimum values for HEM parameters. The comparison of the test results confirms the superiority of stacking ensemble over all the above-mentioned paradigms applied in the paper for lithofacies modeling. This research work is specially designed to evaluate worst- to best-case scenarios in lithofacies modeling. Prediction accuracy of individual facies has also been determined, and maximum overall prediction accuracy is obtained using stacking ensemble.
Nanotechnologies in Food Science: Applications, Recent Trends, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Nile Shivraj Hariram , Baskar Venkidasamy , Selvaraj Dhivya , Nile Arti , Xiao Jianbo , Kai Guoyin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNanotechnology is a key advanced technology enabling contribution, development, and sustainable impact on food, medicine, and agriculture sectors. Nanomaterials have potential to lead qualitative and quantitative production of healthier, safer, and high-quality functional foods which are perishable or semi-perishable in nature. Nanotechnologies are superior than conventional food processing technologies with increased shelf life of food products, preventing contamination, and production of enhanced food quality. This comprehensive review on nanotechnologies for functional food development describes the current trends and future perspectives of advanced nanomaterials in food sector considering processing, packaging, security, and storage. Applications of nanotechnologies enhance the food bioavailability, taste, texture, and consistency, achieved through modification of particle size, possible cluster formation, and surface charge of food nanomaterials. In addition, the nanodelivery-mediated nutraceuticals, synergistic action of nanomaterials in food protection, and the application of nanosensors in smart food packaging for monitoring the quality of the stored foods and the common methods employed for assessing the impact of nanomaterials in biological systems are also discussed.
A Common Good Perspective on Diversity
Authors: Frémeaux Sandrine 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTDrawing upon the theoretical debate on the concept of common good involving, in particular, Sison and Fontrodona (2012), I aim to show how the common good principle can serve as the basis for a new diversity perspective. Each of the three dominant diversity approaches—equality, diversity management, and inclusion—runs the ethical risk of focusing on community or individual levels, or on particular disciplines—economic, social, or moral. This article demonstrates that the common good principle could mitigate the ethical risks inherent to each of these diversity approaches. There are three positive aspects to a comprehensive common good perspective: 1) it includes considering different community levels, which it connects by subsidiarity, 2) it embraces the moral, social, and economic fields, which it connects by teleological hierarchy, and 3) it avoids the risk of exclusion by generating a sense of solidarity.
Supporting robust, rigorous, and reliable reviewing as the cornerstone of our profession: Introducing a competency framework for peer review
Authors: Köhler Tine , González-Morales M. Gloria , Banks George C. , O’Boyle Ernest H. , Allen Joseph A. , Sinha Ruchi , Woo Sang Eun , Gulick Lisa M. V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPeer review is a critical component toward facilitating a robust science in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology. Peer review exists beyond academic publishing in organizations, university departments, grant agencies, classrooms, and many more work contexts. Reviewers are responsible for judging the quality of research conducted and submitted for evaluation. Furthermore, they are responsible for treating authors and their work with respect, in a supportive and developmental manner. Given its central role in our profession, it is curious that we do not have formalized review guidelines or standards and that most of us never receive formal training in peer reviewing. To support this endeavor, we are proposing a competency framework for peer review. The purpose of the competency framework is to provide a definition of excellent peer reviewing and guidelines to reviewers for which types of behaviors will lead to good peer reviews. By defining these competencies, we create clarity around expectations for peer review, standards for good peer reviews, and opportunities for training the behaviors required to deliver good peer reviews. We further discuss how the competency framework can be used to improve peer reviewing and suggest additional steps forward that involve suggestions for how stakeholders can get involved in fostering high-quality peer reviewing.
Divine holiness and the explanation of Christ's impeccability
Authors: MURPHY MARK C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSupposing that Christ isimpeccable– that, necessarily, Christ does not sin – what explains that impeccability? While there have been multiple theories of how the operations of Christ's human will could be fully free while Christ's sinlessness is nevertheless guaranteed, such accounts cannot be exploited to provide the requisite explanation. And not all of the divine purposes sufficient for becoming incarnate would also be sufficient to explain why Christ must be sinless. We should instead explain Christ's impeccabilitynormatively, in terms of the reasons that God has to respond appropriately to God's own perfection by refraining from taking on a human nature with a will that ever opposes the divine will. Such reasons are reasons of divineholiness.
The Minimum Income Standard and equivalisation: reassessing relative costs of singles and couples and of adults and children
Authors: HIRSCH DONALD , CONCIALDI PIERRE , MATH ANTOINE , PADLEY MATT , PEREIRA ELVIRA , PEREIRINHA JOSE , THORNTON ROBERT 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEquivalence scales, used to compare incomes across household types, strongly influence which households have low reported income, affecting public policy priorities. Yet they draw on abstract, often dated evidence and arbitrary judgements, and on comparisons across the income distribution rather than focusing on minimum requirements. Budget standards provide more tangible comparisons of the minimum required by different household types. The Minimum Income Standard (MIS) method, now established in several countries, applies a common methodological framework for compiling budgets, based on public deliberations. This article draws for the first time on results across countries. In all of the four countries examined, it identifies an under-estimation by the OECD scale of the relative cost of children compared to adults, and, in three of the four, an under-estimation of the cost of singles compared to couples. This more systematically corroborates previous, dispersed evidence, and helps explain which specific expenditure categories influence these results. These results have high policy relevance, showing greater proportions of low income households to contain children than standard income distribution data. While no single equivalence scale can be universally accurate, making use of evidence based directly on benchmarks such as MIS can help inform public priorities in tackling low income.
Laser beam self-focusing in collisional plasma with periodical density ripple
Authors: Zhang Geng , Xia Xiongping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the paper, we applied the paraxial region theory and Wentzel–-Kramers–-Brillouin approximation to study laser beam self-focusing in the interaction of laser and collisional plasma with periodical density ripple. The results have shown that, under the influence of collision nonlinear effect, laser presents stable self-focusing, self-defocusing, and oscillational self-focusing in the plasma. Besides, the parameters of plasma with periodical density ripple have a greater impact on the effect of self-defocusing and oscillational self-focusing than stable self-focusing. In certain conditions, beam self-defocusing and oscillational self-focusing would decline and even disappear, and stable self-focusing would further be strengthened. Hence, selecting a suitable periodic plasma system is advantageous for separating self-defocusing and oscillational self-focusing, and for the formation of a more stable collisional self-focusing.
Correlation of Multiplicity and Chemistry in AlxGa1−xN Heterostructure via Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Licata Olivia G. , Broderick Scott R. , Mazumder Baishakhi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, the correlation between composition and relative evaporation field was investigated by tracking the statistics of multi-hit detector events in atom probe tomography (APT). This approach is applied systematically to a GaN-based nitride heterostructure with five AlxGa1−xN layers of varying Al composition. The relative field evaporation and the percentage of multi-hit events were found to increase with higher Al concentration. Furthermore, the comparison of the relative evaporation fields of AlN with respect to the constituent ions is found to be less than GaN with respect to its constituent ions. Despite equivalent compositions between opposing interfaces of the same AlxGa1−xN interlayer, the rate of change in multiplicity exhibits a consistent asymmetric trend with a steeper slope across the AlxGa1−xN/GaN interface compared to the GaN/AlxGa1−xN interface. The AlxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructure serves as a test structure for exploring field evaporation and neighborhood chemistry, which can be applied to any material chemistry and particularly other nitride systems.
Spectral absorption control of femtosecond laser-treated metals and application in solar-thermal devices
Authors: Jalil Sohail A. , Lai Bo , ElKabbash Mohamed , Zhang Jihua , Garcell Erik M. , Singh Subhash , Guo Chunlei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDirect femtosecond (fs) laser processing is a maskless fabrication technique that can effectively modify the optical, electrical, mechanical, and tribological properties of materials for a wide range of potential applications. However, the eventual implementation of fs-laser-treated surfaces in actual devices remains challenging because it is difficult to precisely control the surface properties. Previous studies of the morphological control of fs-laser-processed surfaces mostly focused on enhancing the uniformity of periodic microstructures. Here, guided by the plasmon hybridisation model, we control the morphology of surface nanostructures to obtain more control over spectral light absorption. We experimentally demonstrate spectral control of a variety of metals [copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), steel and tungsten (W)], resulting in the creation of broadband light absorbers and selective solar absorbers (SSAs). For the first time, we demonstrate that fs-laser-produced surfaces can be used as high-temperature SSAs. We show that a tungsten selective solar absorber (W-SSA) exhibits excellent performance as a high-temperature solar receiver. When integrated into a solar thermoelectric generation (TEG) device, W-SSA provides a 130% increase in solar TEG efficiency compared to untreated W, which is commonly used as an intrinsic selective light absorber.