bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience of cold water aquaculture: a review of likely scenarios as climate changes in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Bricknell Ian R. , Birkel Sean D. , Brawley Susan H. , Van Kirk Tyler , Hamlin Heather J. , Capistrant‐Fossa Kyle , Huguenard Kimberly , Van Walsum G. Peter , Liu Zhilong L. , Zhu Longhuan H. , Grebe Gretchen , Taccardi Emma , Miller Molly , Preziosi Brian M. , Duffy Kevin , Byron Carrie J. , Quigley Charlotte T.C. , Bowden Timothy J. , Brady Damian , Beal Brian F. , Sappati Praveen K. , Johnson Teresa R. , Moeykens Shane 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate change is one of the biggest challenges facing development and continuation of sustainable aquaculture in temperate regions. We primarily consider the ecological and physical resilience of aquaculture in the Gulf of Maine (GoM), where a thriving industry includes marine algae, extensive and intensive shellfish aquaculture, and a well‐established Atlantic salmon industry, as well as the infrastructure required to support these economically important ventures. The historical record of sea surface temperature in the GoM, estimated from gridded, interpolated in situ measurements, shows considerable interannual and decade‐scale variability superimposed on an overall warming trend. Climate model projections of sea surface temperature indicate that the surface waters in the GoM could warm 0.5–3.5°C beyond recent values by the year 2100. This suggests that, while variability will continue, anomalous warmth of marine heatwaves that have been observed in the past decade could become the norm in the GoM ca. 2050, but with the most significant impacts to existing aquaculture along the southernmost region of the coast. We consider adaptations leading to aquacultural resilience despite the effects of warming, larger numbers of harmful nonindigenous species (including pathogens and parasites), acidification, sea‐level rise, and more frequent storms and storm surges. Some new species will be needed, but immediate attention to adapt existing species (e.g. preserve/define wild biodiversity, breed for temperature tolerance and incorporate greater husbandry) and aquaculture infrastructure can be successful. We predict that these measures and continued collaboration between industry, stakeholders, government and researchers will lead to sustaining a vibrant working waterfront in the GoM.
Is Being an only Child Harmful to Psychological Health?: Evidence from an Instrumental Variable Analysis of China's one-child Policy
Authors: Zeng Shuxi , Li Fan , Ding Peng 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe paper evaluates the effects of being an only child in a family on psychological health, leveraging data on the one-child policy in China. We use an instrumental variable approach to address the potential unmeasured confounding between the fertility decision and psychological health, where the instrumental variable is an index of the intensity of the implementation of the policy. We establish an analytical link between the local instrumental variable approach and principal stratification to accommodate the continuous instrumental variable. Within the principal stratification framework, we postulate a Bayesian hierarchical model to infer various causal estimands of policy interest while adjusting for the clustering data structure. We apply the method to the data from the China Family Panel Studies and find small but statistically significant negative effects of being an only child on self-reported psychological health for some subpopulations. Our analysis reveals treatment effect heterogeneity with respect to both observed and unobserved characteristics. In particular, urban males suffer the most from being only children, and the negative effect has larger magnitude if the families were more resistant to the one-child policy. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis to assess the key instrumental variable assumption.
Self‐rated health over a two‐year period after breast cancer surgery: prospective ratings and retrospective rating by means of a health‐line
Authors: Jakobsson Sofie , Alexanderson Kristina , Wennman‐Larsen Agneta , Taft Charles , Ringsberg Karin C 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThere are difficulties in clinical assessment of patients' health, and there is a need for evaluating instruments that measures self‐rated health over time and that are based on the patient's own experiences of their health situation.AimTo describe the trajectory of self‐rated health given in a retrospective health‐line and its correspondence with the ratings of health given at six different time points during 2 years following a first breast cancer surgery.Designs and methodsAn explorative prospective cohort study presented according to the STROBE guideline. At six time points, 459 women (26–63 years) completed assessments of self‐rated health during 2 years following a first breast cancer surgery. Subsequently, the women retrospectively rated health month by month over the two years by means of a health‐line. The women were included consecutively in 2007–2009, last data collection was performed in 2012. Statistical analyses were used to compare the health‐line with previous ratings.ResultsMost women (74–88%) rated their health as good, very good or excellent at all six time points. Health‐line ratings were somewhat lower than the ratings made at the actual time‐point; however, the illustrated trajectories back in time followed the same patterns as the women had reported during the two years. The lowest ratings of self‐rated health were reported at four months after surgery. The retrospective illustrations varied greatly, and poorer health was reported by women undergoing chemotherapy, with lower education and who reported more life events.ConclusionsEven if the retrospective ratings by the health‐line were somewhat lower than the ratings at the actual time‐point, the health‐line captures the health trajectory. The individual graphic illustration by means of a health‐line may serve as a basis for assessment and support patient health narratives. The findings indicate that life event, lower education and chemotherapy influence concurrent and retrospective self‐assessment of health.
Pragmatic Prosumption: Searching for Food Prosumers in the Netherlands
Authors: Veen Esther J. , Dagevos Hans , Jansma Jan Eelco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the concept of prosumption in the world of food. Prosumption is a combination of production and consumption: food prosumers are people who actively produce food for self‐consumption. Besides reflecting on sociological conceptualisations of prosumption, this exploratory study uses an online survey (N = 835) and semi‐structured interviews (N = 12) to examine prosumption empirically. Respondents, living in Almere, the Netherlands, have mostly personal and pragmatic reasons, such as the enjoyment of gardening and the pleasure of producing food, to engage in some form of prosumption. Respondents are hardly motivated by profound concerns about sustainability or a wish to create a ‘radical’ alternative food system. We argue, therefore, that a more pragmatic approach to the concept of prosumption in the field of food is more appropriate than sociological interpretations linking prosumption to such grand themes as power, capitalism and activism.
The cosmopolitics of flow and healing in north‐central Timor‐Leste
Authors: Palmer Lisa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn north central Timor‐Leste, multi‐sensory ecological engagement is deeply entangled with conceptualisations of and approaches to people’s wellbeing. How people understand human health and wellbeing is closely related to how they understand nature or more particularly human/nature relations and distinctions across multiple timescales. Working through complex cosmopolitics and activated through cross‐temporal more‐than‐human ‘mutualities of being’, kinship networks are attuned torelational flowsbetween ‘bodies’ and things. Rather than concentrating on the disjunctions created by thedifferencesin the natures of beings or their ritual separation, this paper examines howrelational flowsbetween such ‘bodies’ and things open up cosmopolitical spaces for the creation and negotiation of intergenerational wellbeing.
How to … assess the quality of qualitative research
Authors: Stenfors Terese , Kajamaa Anu , Bennett Deirdre 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYAs a clinician interested in qualitative research, you are likely to have pondered whether a particular study is trustworthy. How do you know whether qualitative research findings are valid and can be applied in your setting? The quality standards you would look for in quantitative research do not apply. Furthermore, qualitative research is conducted within a number of paradigms, or ways of understanding the nature of reality and knowledge, each associated with different ways of defining, understanding and reporting quality. This ‘How to …’ article aims to support health care practitioners, educators and researchers to recognise some of the essential characteristics or ‘markers’ of high‐quality qualitative research. We hope that this article will support those reflecting on the quality of their own research, those justifying research design to funders and those reviewing qualitative research for journals or for inclusion in reviews.
Pilot study: Application of artificial intelligence for detecting left atrial enlargement on canine thoracic radiographs
Authors: Li Shen , Wang Zigui , Visser Lance C. , Wisner Erik R. , Cheng Hao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough deep learning has been explored extensively for computer‐aided medical imaging diagnosis in human medicine, very little has been done in veterinary medicine. The goal of this retrospective, pilot project was to apply the deep learning artificial intelligence technique using thoracic radiographs for detection of canine left atrial enlargement and compare results with those of veterinary radiologist interpretations. Seven hundred ninety‐two right lateral radiographs from canine patients with thoracic radiographs and contemporaneous echocardiograms were used to train, validate, and test a convolutional neural network algorithm. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for determination of left atrial enlargement were then compared with those of board‐certified veterinary radiologists as recorded on radiology reports. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 82.71%, 68.42%, and 87.09%, respectively, using an accuracy driven variant of the convolutional neural network algorithm and 79.01%, 73.68%, and 80.64%, respectively, using a sensitivity driven variant. By comparison, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity achieved by board‐certified veterinary radiologists was 82.71%, 68.42%, and 87.09%, respectively. Although overall accuracy of the accuracy driven convolutional neural network algorithm and veterinary radiologists was identical, concordance between the two approaches was 85.19%. This study documents proof‐of‐concept for application of deep learning techniques for computer‐aided diagnosis in veterinary medicine.
A systematic review evaluating the influence of incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on scarring
Authors: Zwanenburg Pieter R. , Timmermans Floyd W. , Timmer Allard S. , Middelkoop Esther , Tol Berend T. , Lapid Oren , Obdeijn Miryam C. , Gans Sarah L. , Boermeester Marja A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPathological scars can result in functional impairment, disfigurement, a psychological burden, itch, and even chronic pain. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the influence of incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (iNPWT) on scarring. PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched for preclinical and clinical comparative studies that investigated the influence of iNPWT on scarring‐related outcomes. Individual studies were assessed using the OHAT Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal studies. The body of evidence was rated using OHAT methodology. Six preclinical studies and nine clinical studies (377 patients) were identified. Preclinical studies suggested that iNPWT reduced lateral tension on incisions, increased wound strength, and reduced scar width upon histological assessment. Two clinical studies reported improved patient‐reported scar satisfaction as measured with the PSAS (1 year after surgery), POSAS, and a VAS (both 42, 90, and 180 days after surgery). Five clinical studies reported improved observer‐reported scar satisfaction as measured with the VSS, SBSES, OSAS, MSS, VAS, and POSAS (7, 15, 30, 42, 90, 180, and 365 days after surgery). Three clinical studies did not detect significant differences at any point in time (POSAS, VAS, and NRS). Because of imprecision concerns, a moderate level of evidence was identified using OHAT methodology. Preclinical as well as clinical evidence indicates a beneficial influence of iNPWT on scarring. Moderate level evidence indicates that iNPWT decreases scar width and improves patient and observer‐reported scar satisfaction.
Characterization of putative regulatory isoforms of porcine tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 in endothelial cells
Authors: Uribe‐Herranz Mireia , Kuguel Sebastián G. , Casós Kelly , Costa Cristina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and its receptors contribute to rejection of transplanted cells and organs. To elucidate how TNFα affects xenograft rejection, we previously cloned the cDNA of pig TNF‐receptor 2 (pTNFR2) and found four isoforms: one comprising the full receptor with four cysteine‐rich domains (CRD), a shorter variant (pTNFR2ΔE7‐10) encoding for a soluble isoform, another lacking exon 4 (pTNFR2ΔE4) displaying only 3 CRD and poor ligand binding, and the smallest one generated by the two alternative splicings. All isoforms contained the pre‐ligand assembly domain (PLAD) responsible for receptor trimerization. We now investigated their roles by structural, expression, and subcellular localization studies. Structural in silico analyses identified four amino acids potentially involved in TNFα binding and lacking in pTNFR2ΔE4. Quantitative RT‐PCR determined regulated expression affecting the two pTNFR2 alternative splicings in cytokine‐stimulated porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC). Particularly, human IL‐1α and TNFα produced a strong mRNA upregulation of all isoforms, being the full receptor the predominant one. However, expression of pTNFR2 on PAEC did not correlate with mRNA and decreased after 24‐hour exposure to IL‐1α or TNFα. Notably, confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of pTNFR2 inside and on the plasma membrane, whereas pTNFR2ΔE4 located only intracellularly. Most interestingly, FRET analyses showed that membrane‐bound isoforms pTNFR2 and pTNFR2ΔE4 colocalized intracellularly and associated through the PLAD. Our data show that pTNFR2ΔE4 bind and may retain the full receptor intracellularly. This mechanism has not been described in other species and represents a particularity that may affect the pathophysiology of pig xenografts.
Nitric oxide is fundamental to neurovascular coupling in humans
Authors: Hoiland Ryan L. , Caldwell Hannah G. , Howe Connor A. , Nowak‐Flück Daniela , Stacey Benjamin S. , Bailey Damian M. , Paton Julian F. R. , Green Daniel J. , Sekhon Mypinder S. , Macleod David B. , Ainslie Philip N. 
Published: August 2020

Key points
Preclinical models have demonstrated that nitric oxide is a key component of neurovascular coupling; this has yet to be translated to humans.
We conducted two separate protocols utilizing intravenous infusion of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and isovolumic haemodilution to assess the influence of nitric oxide on neurovascular coupling in humans.
Isovolumic haemodilution did not alter neurovascular coupling.
Intravenous infusion of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor reduced the neurovascular coupling response by ∼30%, indicating that nitric oxide is integral to neurovascular coupling in humans.
AbstractNitric oxide is a vital neurovascular signalling molecule in preclinical models, yet the mechanisms underlying neurovascular coupling (NVC) in humans have yet to be elucidated. To investigate the contribution of nitric oxide to NVC in humans, we utilized a visual stimulus paradigm to elicit an NVC response in the posterior cerebral circulation. Two distinct mechanistic interventions were conducted on young healthy males: (1) NVC was assessed during intravenous infusion of saline (placebo) and the non‐selective competitive nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine (l‐NMMA, 5 mg kg−1 bolus & subsequent 50 μg kg−1 min−1 maintenance dose; n = 10). The order of infusion was randomized, counterbalanced and single blinded. A subset of participants in this study (n = 4) underwent a separate intervention with phenylephrine infusion to independently consider the influence of blood pressure changes on NVC (0.1–0.6 μg kg−1 min−1 constant infusion). (2) NVC was assessed prior to and following isovolumic haemodilution, whereby 20% of whole blood was removed and replaced with 5% human serum albumin to reduce haemoglobin concentration (n = 8). For both protocols, arterial and internal jugular venous blood samples were collected at rest and coupled with volumetric measures of cerebral blood flow (duplex ultrasound) to quantify resting cerebral metabolic parameters. l‐NMMA elicited a 30% reduction in the peak (P = 0.01), but not average (P = 0.11), NVC response. Neither phenylephrine nor haemodilution influenced NVC. Nitric oxide signalling is integral to NVC in humans, providing a new direction for research into pharmacological treatment of humans with dementia.
Efficacy of an 8-Week Resistance Training Program in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Baker Breanne S. , Weitzel Kelsey J. , Royse Lisa A. , Miller Kristin , Guess Trent M. , Ball Stephen D. , Duren Dana L. 
Published: August 2020

Older adults are challenged with aging-related declines in skeletal muscle mass and function. Although exercise interventions of longer duration typically yield larger changes, shorter-term interventions may kick-start positive effects, allowing participants to begin engaging in more activity. This study aimed to determine whether 8 weeks of a resistance training program (Stay Strong, Stay Healthy [SSSH]) improved dynamic muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and sleep. Inactive adults aged ≥60 years were randomized into SSSH (n = 15), walking (WALK; n = 17), or control (CON; n = 14) groups. The SSSH and WALK groups met 2 times per week for 60 min. The participants completed pre/post general health, activity, and sleep questionnaires; DXA scans; and functional tasks. One-way repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine interactions and decomposed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. SSSH improved sit-to-stand performance, back scratch distance, and sleep quality and reported more auxiliary physical activity than WALK or CON (p < .05). Resistance training interventions in sedentary older adults can improve physical function and encourage additional activity in 8 weeks.
The Association Between the Single Leg Hop Test and Lower-Extremity Injuries in Female Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Guild Paige , Lininger Monica R. , Warren Meghan 
Published: August 2020

Clinical Scenario: Female college student-athletes (SA) often experience time loss from musculoskeletal injuries to the lower extremities. This can lead to lengthy rehabilitation, expensive medical bills, and declines in health-related quality of life. Identifying at-risk athletes prior to the start of an athletic season may allow coaches or athletic trainers to prescribe an injury prevention program. Clinical Question: In female college SA, are preseason single leg hop (SLH) scores associated with identifying those at risk for lower-extremity musculoskeletal injuries? Summary of Key Findings: Five prospective cohort studies in female SA scored athletes on the SLH prior to the start of the athletic sport season. One of 5 studies found an association of SLH with injury risk. An additional 2 studies found that the SLH as part of a battery of functional performance tests was associated with injury risk in some anatomic locations (eg, thigh/knee), but not overall injury risk. Clinical Bottom Line: Methodological limitations of the reviewed studies limits a final conclusion, and there is insufficient evidence to determine if the SLH should be used as a sole functional performance test to identify at-risk female SA; it may be useful as part of a battery of functional performance tests for female college SA. Strength of Recommendation: All studies were prospective cohort studies (level 3).
Consensus statement: loneliness in older adults, the 21st century social determinant of health?
Authors: Prohaska Thomas , Burholt Vanessa , Burns Annette , Golden Jeannette , Hawkley Louise , Lawlor Brian , Leavey Gerard , Lubben Jim , O"Sullivan Roger , Perissinotto Carla , van Tilburg Theo , Tully Mark , Victor Christina , Fried Linda 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this consensus statement is to determine the state of the field of loneliness among older people, highlighting key issues for researchers, policymakers and those designing services and interventions.MethodsIn December 2018, an international meeting on loneliness was held in Belfast with leaders from across the USA and Europe. A summary of the conclusions reached at this event is presented following a consensus-building exercise conducted both during this event after each presentation as well as after the event through the drafting, reviewing and agreement of this statement by all authors for over 6 months.ResultsThis meeting resulted in an agreement to produce a consensus statement on key issues including definitions of loneliness, measurement, antecedents, consequences and interventions.DiscussionThere has been an exponential growth in research on loneliness among older adults. However, differing measurements and definitions of loneliness mean the incidence and prevalence, associated risk factors and health consequences are often conflicting or confusing especially for those developing policy and services.