bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threshold identity authentication signature: Impersonation prevention in social network services
Authors: Chen Zhanwen , Chen Jiageng , Meng Weizhi 
Published: April 2020

SummaryWhile the social network services (SNS) have dominate the ways that people communicate with each other on the Internet, identity impersonation remains to be a serious issue that needs to be solved due to the anonymity in the cyber network. Currently, the potential solution to the problem relies heavily on the administration from the central server, which requires intensive workload of the identity management. In this article, we propose a threshold identity authentication signature scheme to solve the impersonation problem from the protocol layer rather than software design in the traditional upper level. In our scheme, with the help of some authenticated accounts, trusted relationship can be shared in a group to other unauthenticated accounts, which largely decrease the workload of authenticating all the accounts. Users are given the ability to verify other accounts' identity information by their signatures. Then, we establish three security goals to prevent the malicious adversary to launch the impersonation attack on a group. We claim that our scheme is suitable for the SNS scenario since the procedure of generating a signature to prove the identity requires little computation cost, it is user‐friendly especially on the lightweight devices such as mobile devices and so
on.
Changes in taxonomic and functional diversity of fish communities after catastrophic habitat alteration caused by construction of Three Gorges Dam
Authors: Zhang Chen , Fujiwara Masami , Pawluk Michaela , Liu Huanzhang , Cao Wenxuan , Gao Xin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHabitat alterations that result from anthropogenic disturbance impact both the abiotic and biotic conditions of ecosystems, causing changes in biodiversity in many parts of the world. Recently, the use of functional diversity has been suggested as an approach to better evaluate the effects of such disturbance on particular communities. Here, we investigated the temporal changes in species and functional diversities of fish communities in the downstream area of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) before, during, and after impoundment. We found two regime shifts in the fish community in 2004 and 2013 following impoundment. Although taxonomic diversity declined sharply at the first regime shift, it increased at the second shift. On the other hand, functional diversity declined throughout the same period, indicating the loss of functional diversity despite increased species diversity. Our analysis also showed that the fish communities shifted from under‐dispersion to over‐dispersion due to both a decrease in the relative abundance of migratory fish and an increase in the number of fish adapted to the new hydrologic conditions. Our results indicated that the impacts of dams on downstream fish communities may change over time. Interactions between species may become more important when the environment is stable.
Agroecosystem patterns and land management co‐develop through environment, management, and land‐use interactions
Authors: Caulfield Mark E. , Fonte Steven J. , Groot Jeroen C.J. , Vanek Steven J. , Sherwood Stephen , Oyarzun Pedro , Borja Ross Mary , Dumble Sam , Tittonell Pablo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA poor understanding of the interactions between biophysical and social elements within rural mountainous landscapes can lead to suboptimal management and recommendations. The objective of this study was to contribute to more contextualized natural resource management in a rural landscape in the Ecuadorian Andes by (1) identifying biophysical patterns in soil properties, biodiversity, and C stocks that emerge from natural landscape pedogenic processes, resulting from elevation‐induced climate gradients, erosion and soil textural patterns, and (2) assessing farm management and land‐use effects on and their interactions with these biophysical patterns. Our findings revealed that the climate and soil texture gradients within the landscape led to an exponential increase in SOC with elevation moderated by slope gradient, indicating significant erosion processes. Farmers adapted their farm management according to the observed environmental patterns creating three distinct management zones. Differentiated agricultural management in these zones and asymmetrical distribution of land‐uses in turn were observed to significantly influence soil and agroecosystem properties. For example, available P was found to be significantly higher in the upper and middle agricultural management zones (24.0 and 28.7 mg/kg, respectively), where agricultural inputs were higher compared to the lower agricultural management zone (8.9 mg/kg, P < 0.001). Mixed hedgerows, on the other hand, displayed significantly higher Shannon index scores for ground vegetation (1.8) and soil macrofauna (2.0) compared to agricultural land‐uses (1.0 and 1.7). Our results provide important insights into how agroecosystem patterns and land management co‐developed through complex environment, management, and land‐use interactions.
Motivational interviewing to improve self‐care in heart failure patients (MOTIVATE‐HF): a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vellone Ercole , Rebora Paola , Ausili Davide , Zeffiro Valentina , Pucciarelli Gianluca , Caggianelli Gabriele , Masci Stefano , Alvaro Rosaria , Riegel Barbara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsSelf‐care, an essential component of heart failure (HF) treatment, is inadequate in most patients. We evaluated if motivational interviewing (MI) (i) improves patient self‐care maintenance (primary endpoint; e.g. taking medications), self‐care management (e.g. responding to symptoms) and self‐care confidence (or self‐efficacy) 3 months after enrolment; (ii) changes self‐care over 1 year, and (iii) augments patient self‐care if informal caregivers are involved.Methods and resultsParallel randomized controlled trial (1:1:1). A sample of 510 patients (median 74 years, 58% male) and caregivers (median 55 years, 75% female) was randomized to Arm 1 (MI only for patients), Arm 2 (MI for patients and caregivers), or Arm 3 (usual care). The intervention in Arms 1 and 2 consisted of one face‐to‐face MI session with three telephone contacts. Self‐care was evaluated with the Self‐Care of HF Index measuring self‐care maintenance, management, and confidence. Scores on each scale range from 0 to 100 with higher scores indicating better self‐care; ≥70 is considered adequate. At 3 months, self‐care maintenance improved 6.99, 7.42 and 2.58 points in Arms 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P = 0.028). Self‐care maintenance was adequate in 18.4%, 19.4%, and 9.2% of patients in Arms 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P = 0.016). Over 1 year, self‐care maintenance, management, and confidence scores in Arms 1 and 2 were significantly higher than in Arm 3 in several follow‐ups. Over 1 year, Arm 2 had the best scores in self‐care management.ConclusionsMI significantly improved self‐care in HF patients. Including caregivers may potentiate the effect, especially in self‐care management. ClinicalTrial.gov, identifier: NCT02894502.
L‐carnitine increases cell proliferation and amino acid transporter expression via the activation of insulin‐like growth factor I signaling pathway in rat trophoblast cells
Authors: Zhang Shihai , Wu Zhihui , Heng Jinghui , Tian Min , Chen Jiaming , Chen Fang , Guan Wutai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEarly embryo implantation and development is primarily determined by the homeostasis between cellular apoptosis and proliferation as well as placental nutrient transporters. Recent studies showed that L‐carnitine enhances female reproductive performance. However, the potential function of L‐carnitine on placenta is largely unknown. In our study, primary rat trophoblast cells were separated and cultured for 12 hr in medium containing various concentrations of L‐carnitine (0, 1, 10, and 50 mM). Placenta trophoblast cells treated with 50 mM L‐carnitine increased the proportion of cells in S phase of the cell cycle (p < .05). In addition, live cell percentage was increased when treated with either 10 mM or 50 mM L‐carnitine, which was accompanied with decreased necrotic cells, late apoptotic cells, and early apoptotic cells (p < .05). Compared with the control treatment, the mRNA expression of insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐1) and insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF‐1R) was higher in rat placenta trophoblasts treated with either 10 mM or 50 mM L‐carnitine (p < .05). Similarly, sodium‐dependent neutral amino acid transporter (SNAT)‐1 and SNAT2 were up‐regulated in both mRNA and protein levels when trophoblast cells were treated with 50 mM L‐carnitine (p < .05). Inhibiting downstream targets (Akt or ERK signaling pathways) of IGF‐1 signaling pathway partially blocked the effect the L‐carnitine‐induced increase in protein abundances of SNAT1 and SNAT2. Collectively, our data showed protective role of L‐carnitine on placenta trophoblast cells through the involvement of IGF‐1 signaling pathway.
Penalized models for analysis of multiple mediators
Authors: Schaid Daniel J. , Sinnwell Jason P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMediation analysis attempts to determine whether the relationship between an independent variable (e.g., exposure) and an outcome variable can be explained, at least partially, by an intermediate variable, called a mediator. Most methods for mediation analysis focus on one mediator at a time, although multiple mediators can be jointly analyzed by structural equation models (SEMs) that account for correlations among the mediators. We extend the use of SEMs for the analysis of multiple mediators by creating a sparse group lasso penalized model such that the penalty considers the natural groupings of parameters that determine mediation, as well as encourages sparseness of the model parameters. This provides a way to simultaneously evaluate many mediators and select those that have the most impact, a feature of modern penalized models. Simulations are used to illustrate the benefits and limitations of our approach, and application to a study of DNA methylation and reactive cortisol stress following childhood trauma discovered two novel methylation loci that mediate the association of childhood trauma scores with reactive cortisol stress levels. Our new methods are incorporated into R software called regmed.
Tracheotomy in the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Skoog Hunter , Withrow Kirk , Jeyarajan Harishanker , Greene Benjamin , Batra Hitesh , Cox Daniel , Pierce Albert , Grayson Jessica W. , Carroll William R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)‐CoV‐2 pandemic continues to produce a large number of patients with chronic respiratory failure and ventilator dependence. As such, surgeons will be called upon to perform tracheotomy for a subset of these chronically intubated patients. As seen during the SARS and the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreaks, aerosol‐generating procedures (AGP) have been associated with higher rates of infection of medical personnel and potential acceleration of viral dissemination throughout the medical center. Therefore, a thoughtful approach to tracheotomy (and other AGPs) is imperative and maintaining traditional management norms may be unsuitable or even potentially harmful. We sought to review the existing evidence informing best practices and then develop straightforward guidelines for tracheotomy during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. This communication is the product of those efforts and is based on national and international experience with the current SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and the SARS epidemic of 2002/2003.
Conservation of personal protective equipment for head and neck cancer surgery during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chow Velda Ling Yu , Chan Jimmy Yu Wai , Ho Valerie Wai Yee , Lee George Chung Ching , Wong Melody Man Kuen , Wong Stanley Thian Sze , Gao Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 pandemic has led to a global shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). This study aims to stratify face shield needs when performing head and neck cancer surgery.MethodsFifteen patients underwent surgery between March 1, 2020 and April 9, 2020. Operative diagnosis and procedure; droplet count and distribution on face shields were documented.ResultsForty‐five surgical procedures were performed for neck nodal metastatic carcinoma of unknown origin (n = 3); carcinoma of tonsil (n = 2), tongue (n = 2), nasopharynx (n = 3), maxilla (n = 1), and laryngopharynx (n = 4). Droplet contamination was 57.8%, 59.5%, 8.0%, and 0% for operating, first and second assistant surgeons, and scrub nurse respectively. Droplet count was highest and most widespread during osteotomies. No droplet splash was noted for transoral robotic surgery.ConclusionFace shield is not a mandatory adjunctive PPE for all head and neck surgical procedures and health care providers. Judicious use helps to conserve resources during such difficult times.
Stormwater control impacts on runoff volume and peak flow: A meta‐analysis of watershed modelling studies
Authors: Bell Colin D. , Wolfand Jordyn M. , Panos Chelsea L. , Bhaskar Aditi S. , Gilliom Ryan L. , Hogue Terri S. , Hopkins Kristina G. , Jefferson Anne J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDecades of research has concluded that the percent of impervious surface cover in a watershed is strongly linked to negative impacts on urban stream health. Recently, there has been a push by municipalities to offset these effects by installing structural stormwater control measures (SCMs), which are landscape features designed to retain and reduce runoff to mitigate the effects of urbanisation on event hydrology. The goal of this study is to build generalisable relationships between the level of SCM implementation in urban watersheds and resulting changes to hydrology. A literature review of 185 peer‐reviewed studies of watershed‐scale SCM implementation across the globe was used to identify 52 modelling studies suitable for a meta‐analysis to build statistical relationships between SCM implementation and hydrologic change. Hydrologic change is quantified as the percent reduction in storm event runoff volume and peak flow between a watershed with SCMs relative to a (near) identical control watershed without SCMs. Results show that for each additional 1% of SCM‐mitigated impervious area in a watershed, there is an additional 0.43% reduction in runoff and a 0.60% reduction in peak flow. Values of SCM implementation required to produce a change in water quantity metrics were identified at varying levels of probability. For example, there is a 90% probability (high confidence) of at least a 1% reduction in peak flow with mitigation of 33% of impervious surfaces. However, as the reduction target increases or mitigated impervious surface decreases, the probability of reaching the reduction target also decreases. These relationships can be used by managers to plan SCM implementation at the watershed scale.
Comparison of micro‐ and nano‐sized CuBTC particles on the CO2/CH4 separation performance of PEBA mixed matrix membranes
Authors: Erfani Amir , Asghari Morteza 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCopper‐benzene‐1, 3, 5‐tricarboxylic acid (CuBTC) is a pre‐eminent member of the metal–organic framework material family with excellent CO2 adsorption capacity and size‐sieving characteristics for CO2/methane (CH4) separation. Although a few reports have addressed the use of micro‐sized CuBTC particles in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), the application of nano‐sized particles has not yet been explored.RESULTSMicro‐sized and nano‐sized CuBTC particles were synthesized by Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and Cu(OH)2 precursors, respectively. Mixed matrix membranes composed of 5–35 wt% CuBTC in poly (amide‐6‐b‐ethylene oxide) (PEBA) were fabricated to investigate the CO2/CH4 separation performance of the samples. Synthesized particles and membranes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and field emission scanning electron microscopy techniques. Membrane separation performance was determined at different pressures of pure CO2, CH4 and N2. At 35 wt% loading of nano‐sized CuBTC, CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity were enhanced to 178.9 Barrer and 34.6; 80.3% and 13.8% higher than those of pristine polymer, respectively. The corresponding results for micro‐sized CuBTC were 138.9 Barrer and 33.9. A mixed gas permeation test carried out on a mixture of CO2‐CH4 (10:90 mol%) at 12 bar showed the best separation performance at 25 wt% loading of nano‐sized CuBTC with CO2 permeability of 92.6 Barrer and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 23.1.CONCLUSIONFiller size had a great impact on the MMM separation performance. As a result of the nano‐sizing of CuBTC particles, higher CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity could be obtained because of the uniform dispersion of the filler in the matrix and higher interface area/volume. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
PMM2‐CDG caused by uniparental disomy: Case report and literature review
Authors: Vaes Laurien , Tiller George E. , Pérez Belén , Boyer Suzanne W. , Berry Susan A. , Sarafoglou Kyriakie , Morava Eva 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhosphomannomutase 2 deficiency (PMM2‐CDG) affects glycosylation pathways such as the N‐glycosylation pathway, resulting in loss of function of multiple proteins. This disorder causes multisystem involvement with a high variability among patients. PMM2‐CDG is an autosomal recessive disorder, which can be caused by inheriting two pathogenic variants, de novo mutations or uniparental disomy.Case PresentationOur patient presented with multisystem symptoms at an early age including developmental delay, ataxia, and seizures. No diagnosis was obtained till the age of 31 years, when genetic testing was reinitiated. The patient was diagnosed with a complete maternal mixed hetero/isodisomy of chromosome 16, with a homozygous pathogenic PMM2 variant (p.Phe119Leu) causing PMM2‐CDG.A literature review revealed eight cases of uniparental disomy as an underlying cause of CDG, four of which are PMM2‐CDG.ConclusionSince the incidence of homozygosity for PMM2 variants is rare, we suggest further investigations for every homozygous PMM2‐CDG patient where the segregation does not fit. These investigations include testing for UPD or a deletion in one of the two alleles, as this will have an impact on recurrence risk in genetic counseling.
Identity motives in charitable giving: Explanations for charity preferences from a global donor survey
Authors: Chapman Cassandra M. , Masser Barbara M. , Louis Winnifred R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMillions of charities compete for donor dollars, yet why people prefer to give to particular charities remains poorly understood. Informed by the social identity approach, and using mixed methods, we analyzed open‐ended responses from a global donor survey (N = 1,849 from 117 countries) to understand why participants see their favorite charity as important, and how identities influence charity preferences. Nine subthemes were generated under two overarching themes: Self and Other. Theme prevalence and charity category were not independent: donors were more likely to explain giving to religious and research charities in relation to the self, but to explain giving to social service, animal, or international charities in relation to the other. We also present an inventory of the identities that consumers use to inform their giving. Together, findings show the importance of identities in charitable giving and demonstrate how consumer motives depend on the cause or beneficiary.
Prediction of the August 2018 heavy rainfall events over Kerala with high‐resolution NWP models
Authors: Ashrit Raghavendra , Sharma Kuldeep , Kumar Sushant , Dube Anumeha , Karunasagar S. , Arulalan T. , Mamgain Ashu , Chakraborty Paromita , Kumar Sumit , Lodh Abhishek , Dutta Devajyoti , Momin Imranali , Bushair M. T. , Prakash Buddhi J. , Jayakumar A. , Rajagopal E. N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe southern Indian state of Kerala experienced exceptionally high rainfall during August 2018, which led to devastating floods in many parts of the state. Prediction and early warning of severe weather events in vulnerable areas is crucial for disaster management agencies in order to protect life and property. In recent years, state‐of‐the‐art numerical weather prediction (NWP) models have been used operationally to predict rainfall over different spatial and temporal scales. In the present paper, predictions based on the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) models (NCUM, NCUM‐R and NEPS) are assessed over Kerala to demonstrate the capabilities of high‐resolution models. It is found that the deterministic NWP model (NCUM and NCUM‐R) forecasts are accurate at shorter lead times (up to Day 3) mainly in terms of timing and, to some extent, intensity. At higher lead times (beyond Day 3), the ensemble‐based probabilistic forecasts are useful and actionable.
Novel reconstruction algorithm of magnetoacoustic tomography based on ring transducer array for acoustic speed inhomogeneous tissues
Authors: Wang Lili , Liu Guoqiang , Chen Siping , Chen Xin , Ma Xibo , Xia Hui 
Published: April 2020

PurposeMagnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT‐MI) is a technique that utilizes the acoustic signals induced by magnetic stimulation to reconstruct the electrical impedance distribution in biological tissues. Most algorithms ignored the fact that acoustic properties in human tissues are heterogeneous, which lead to distortion and blurring of small reconstructed objects. In this study, a novel algorithm is proposed for exact reconstruction of the sound source distribution in acoustic heterogeneous tissues.MethodsBased on the ring transducer array, we develop an algorithm which combines algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and time reversal method. Different to existing reconstruction methods, the ultrasonic transmission tomography (UTT) and the MAT‐MI can be completed in same system, which decreases the system complexity. The sound velocity distribution is reconstructed with the ART so that the propagation time of the magnetoacoustic signals in the heterogeneous tissue is corrected. And then, the sound source image is reconstructed based on the time reversal method from new sound pressure data. Both numerical simulations and phantom experiments are established to validate the proposed method.ResultsCompared with the results without consideration of the variation on acoustic speed, sound sources reconstructed by our method are more consistent with the model in terms of size and shape.ConclusionsThe novel algorithm can be used to reconstruct the high‐accuracy image of MAT‐MI sound source in the sound velocity inhomogeneous media. In addition, this method is applicable to scenarios that the prior knowledge of the imaging targets is unknown. The signal acquisition time of MAT‐MI in acoustically heterogeneity media is greatly reduced due to the introduction of ring transducer array into the imaging system. Therefore, our method will promote the application of MAT‐MI in noninvasive early diagnosis of tumor for preclinical study.
Robust fusion algorithms for multichannel stochastic multiplicative disturbance by multisensor observation
Authors: Pu Shi , Yu Xingkai , Li Jianxun 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis article considers robust fusion algorithms for linear system with multichannel stochastic multiplicative disturbance by using projection theorem and projection formula. Based on the centralized and distributed (feedback and no feedback) fusion strategies, we present optimal filtering fusion algorithms, optimal fixed‐interval smoothing fusion algorithms, and fixed‐interval deconvolution fusion algorithms. The methods of projection theorem and projection formula are used to guarantee the optimality of these derived algorithms. The presented algorithms are much less computation burden and higher accuracy than existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. Numerical simulation results including a WSN network model verify the proposed algorithms.