bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mineralogia acessória do Amazonita Pegmatito Serra Branca: classificação de um pegmatito NYF na Província Borborema, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Souza Igor Manoel Belo de Albuquerque e , Barreto Sandra de Brito , Santos Glenda Lira , Araújo Neto José Ferreira de , Guimarães Ignez de Pinho 
Published: September 2020

O campo pegmatítico de Vieirópolis é caracterizado pela ocorrência de pegmatitos com amazonita e/ou berilo. Esse campo contém pegmatitos do tipo NYF (Nb-Y-F) inseridos no Domínio Rio Grande do Norte (DRGN), fora do contexto da Província Pegmatítica do Seridó (PPS). O principal pegmatito desse campo, o Amazonita Pegmatito Serra Branca, destaca-se pela mineralização de megacristais de amazonita e por sua exploração como rocha ornamental de elevado valor econômico. Para caracterizar a paragênese e a química mineral das fases acessórias do Amazonita Pegmatito Serra Branca, além de elucidar a classificação e a natureza petrogenética desse pegmatito, foram utilizados dados de campo, petrográficos, difração de raios X e química mineral. O Amazonita Pegmatito Serra Branca ocorre como dique tabular com aproximadamente 3 m de espessura, de direção NW-SE e caimento 45° WSW, caracterizado por apresentar uma zona composta por megacristais de amazonita e quartzo, e outra, por albita e quartzo sacaroidais. Apresenta vasta mineralogia acessória que compreende anglesita, biotita, bismutita, cerussita, columbita-(Mn), espessartina, helvina, fenaquita, fluorita, hematita, ilita, ilmenita, magnetita, montmorilonita, muscovita, piromorfita, pirocloro, rutilo e zircão. Destacando-se, também, atípicas mineralizações de sulfetos e a presença de beríliossilicatos reportados pioneiramente no contexto geológico da Província Borborema (PB). A paragênese mineral e a química dos minerais acessórios do Amazonita Pegmatito Serra Branca o classificam como pertence à família NYF da classe dos elementos raros, tipo da gadolinita, possivelmente associado a um magmatismo do tipo I.
Conflitos na relação entre Cirurgiões-dentistas e operadoras de Odontologia suplementar
Authors: Feitosa Larissa Barradas Lima , Santos Denise Ribeiro , Santos Rai Matheus Carvalho 
Published: September 2020

Este artigo buscou levantar na literatura nacional os motivos pelos quais a relação entre as operadoras de planos de saúde e os cirurgiões-dentistas é conflituosa, traçando um histórico do mercado brasileiro na área, bem como o perfil do profissional deste segmento, destacando as implicações observadas quanto à autonomia profissional, remuneração e satisfação com o trabalho, a fim de fomentar uma reflexão crítica na categoria quanto às relações de trabalho no âmbito da assistência odontológica suplementar. A análise realizada evidenciou que o sistema de saúde suplementar se desenvolveu por mais de trinta anos sem interferência governamental, culminando em um crescimento alarmante, desordenado e desregulado, influenciado pelo excesso de oferta de dentistas e redução de pacientes que pagam por serviços privados. Dessa forma, grande parcela dos profissionais que têm se associado a planos de saúde na expectativa de expansão dos seus serviços são submetidos às demandas das operadoras que limitam seu trabalho àquele menos oneroso, interferem no plano de tratamento e utilizam tabelas de preços desatualizadas para o pagamento de procedimentos clínicos, levando a uma percepção negativa e descontentamento em relação ao desempenho das operadoras. Concluiu-se que de fato a relação é conflituosa, atingindo o profissional em diversas esferas, não apenas econômicas como pessoais, e está associada à expansão do sistema suplementar. Sendo assim, a prática odontológica é afetada na sua essência, sem que medidas de controle e supervisão, tão necessárias, sejam implementadas para corrigir assimetrias nas relações corporativas e evitar condições precárias da profissão.
Diagnosis of Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Gocan Sophia , Fitzpatrick Tess , Wang Chu Qi , Taljaard Monica , Cheng Wei , Bourgoin Aline , Dowlatshahi Dar , Stotts Grant , Shamy Michel 
Published: September 2020

Background and Purpose:
Research suggests that women and men may present with different transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke symptoms. We aimed to explore symptoms and features associated with a definite TIA/stroke diagnosis and whether those associations differed by sex.

Methods:
We completed a retrospective cohort study of patients referred to The Ottawa Hospital Stroke Prevention Clinic in 2015. Exploratory multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate candidate variables associated with diagnosis and patient sex. Backwards elimination of the interaction terms with a significance level for staying in the model of 0.25 was used to arrive at a more parsimonious model.

Results:
Based on 1770 complete patient records, sex-specific differences were noted in TIA/stroke diagnosis based on features such as duration of event, suddenness of symptom onset, unilateral sensory loss, and pain.

Conclusions:
This preliminary work identified sex-specific differences in the final diagnosis of TIA/stroke based on common presenting symptoms/features. More research is needed to understand if there are biases or sex-based differences in TIA/stroke manifestations and diagnosis.
George Graham and the Orrery
Authors: McEvoy Rory 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In his 1734 discourse on the planetarium, John Theophilus Desaguliers was careful to point out that the invention of the orrery had been incorrectly attributed to John Rowley and that it was George Graham who had made the first truthful working model of the Earth and Moon’s motion around the Sun. Two such models by Graham survive in Museum collections: one at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago and the other at the History of Science Museum in Oxford, UK. This paper assesses the differences between the two instruments and the physical evidence contained within to test out the unfounded assertion made by Henry C. King that the Adler instrument is the prototype and the Oxford orrery a developed commercial product.
Francesco Bianchini (1662–1729) and the Origins of Planetary Globes
Authors: Tirapicos Luís , Horst Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Veronese astronomer Francesco Bianchini (1662–1729) was a prominent figure at the papal court in the pontificates of Clement XI (pp. 1700–1721), Innocent XII (pp. 1721–1724), and Benedict XIII (pp. 1724–1730). In his influential treatise Hesperi et Phosphori Nova Phaenomena sive Observationes circa Planetam Veneris, published in Rome in 1728, he presents the first cartographical depiction of Venus, containing the gores for a globe. Bianchini also produced at least four Venus globes of which two still exist as original models in Paris (BNF) and Bologna (Museo della Specola). With this set of globes, Bianchini provided the first identified three-dimensional model of a planet (if we exclude earlier cartographical examples of the Earth and the Moon). In this article we address the conceptual and technological changes permitting the emergence of planetary globes.
Geometry and the Making of Utopian Knowledge in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Chen-Morris Raz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In his Della Pittura, Leon Battista Alberti initiated what I call a “utopian moment,” a philosophical and practical disposition fusing human ingenuity, geometry, and political harmony. This paper follows these notions as they evolved over the course of the sixteenth century and were embraced by the new science of Johannes Kepler and René Descartes, who reshaped these utopian dispositions with their new geometrical analyses of sight and light. In his Dioptrice, Kepler suggests a new science of refractions produced and manipulated artificially through lenses, their physical properties analyzed geometrically; in analyzing the rainbow, Descartes artificially reproduces it, initially through a glass flask filled with water, and then through a prism, thus giving a geometrical causal account of its colors. In both cases these analyses are entwined with subtle political metaphors, transforming the technical scientific issues into key features of a “utopian moment.”
The Iran Nuclear Crisis, the Lessons of Westphalia and the Value of Biased Mediation
Authors: Wolf Albert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I examine one component of the Peace of Westphalia: the use of biased or non-neutral mediators. Biased mediators made a significant, but not the only, contribution to the Peace of Westphalia. Contrary to the received wisdom, biased mediators can be effective in forging peace because they have a vested interest in the success or failure of a settlement, whereas neutral mediators do not have the same stakes at play. I examine the role biased mediators may play in the ongoing nuclear crisis between the U.S. and Iran.
Quality of Life Using General Population Validated Questionnaires in Children With Cleft Lip and/or Palate in New Zealand
Authors: Thompson John M. D. , Ayrey S. Louise , Slykerman Rebecca F. , Stone Peter R. , Fowler Peter V. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To determine the level of quality of life (QoL) in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and whether this differs by cleft phenotype. Design: A cohort of children with CL/P born in New Zealand. Setting: A nationwide study of children born with CL/P and having primary surgery in New Zealand. Participants: Children with CL/P and their families (n = 397) who attended a cleft clinic between October 1, 2014, and September 30, 2017, and agreed to complete questionnaires on QoL. Main Outcomes: Primary outcomes were QoL from the PedsQL 4.0 core generic questionnaires and the PedsQL 2.0 Family impact scale. Results: Children with CL/P in New Zealand generally have a high QoL as assessed by the PedsQL. The impact of cleft phenotype had limited effects on the child, however there were significant impacts on parents and families. We found that the family impact scale differed by cleft phenotype with those with CL having the highest QoL and those with cleft palate the lowest, and this was consistent across QoL subscales. Quality of life improved as a whole by age, particularly in physical and cognitive functioning, as well as in the ability to undertake family activities. Conclusions: Children with CL/P have generally good levels of QoL in New Zealand, however cleft phenotype impacts on the level, with the lowest levels in those with cleft palate. Psychological support of children with cleft and their families should be an integral part of cleft care.
Early risk stratification of acute myocardial infarction using a simple physiological prognostic scoring system: insights from the REACP study
Authors: Li Dongze , Cheng Yisong , Yu Jing , Jia Yu , Li Fanghui , Zhang Qin , Chen Xiaoli , Gao Yongli , Wu Jiang , Ye Lei , Wan Zhi , Cao Yu , Zeng Rui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundA more accurate and simpler scoring systems for early risk stratification of acute myocardial infarction at admission can accelerate and improve decision-making.AimTo develop and validate a simple physiological prognostic scoring system for early risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction.MethodsEasily accessible physiological vital signs and demographic characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarction at the time of presentation in the multicentre Retrospective Evaluation of Acute Chest Pain study were used to develop a multivariate logistic regression model predicting 12 and 24-month mortality. The study population consisted of 2619 patients from seven hospitals and was divided into a 70% sample for model derivation and a 30% sample for model validation. A nomogram was created to enable prospective risk stratification for clinical care.ResultsThe simple physiological prognostic scoring system consisted of age, heart rate, body mass index and Killip class. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the simple physiological prognostic scoring system was superior to that of several risk scoring systems in clinical use. Net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination improvement and decision curve analysis of the derivation set also revealed superior performance to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events score, and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test indicated good calibration for predicting mortality in patient with acute myocardial infarction in the validation set (P = 0.612).ConclusionThis simple physiological prognostic scoring system may be a useful risk stratification tool for early assessment of patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Leveraging TCGA gene expression data to build predictive models for cancer drug response
Authors: Clayton Evan A. , Pujol Toyya A. , McDonald John F. , Qiu Peng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Machine learning has been utilized to predict cancer drug response from multi-omics data generated from sensitivities of cancer cell lines to different therapeutic compounds. Here, we build machine learning models using gene expression data from patients’ primary tumor tissues to predict whether a patient will respond positively or negatively to two chemotherapeutics: 5-Fluorouracil and Gemcitabine.

Results
We focused on 5-Fluorouracil and Gemcitabine because based on our exclusion criteria, they provide the largest numbers of patients within TCGA. Normalized gene expression data were clustered and used as the input features for the study. We used matching clinical trial data to ascertain the response of these patients via multiple classification methods. Multiple clustering and classification methods were compared for prediction accuracy of drug response. Clara and random forest were found to be the best clustering and classification methods, respectively. The results show our models predict with up to 86% accuracy; despite the study’s limitation of sample size. We also found the genes most informative for predicting drug response were enriched in well-known cancer signaling pathways and highlighted their potential significance in chemotherapy prognosis.

Conclusions
Primary tumor gene expression is a good predictor of cancer drug response. Investment in larger datasets containing both patient gene expression and drug response is needed to support future work of machine learning models. Ultimately, such predictive models may aid oncologists with making critical treatment decisions.
Genetic diversity, evolution and selection in the major histocompatibility complex DRB and DQB loci in the family Equidae
Authors: Klumplerova Marie , Splichalova Petra , Oppelt Jan , Futas Jan , Kohutova Aneta , Musilova Petra , Kubickova Svatava , Vodicka Roman , Orlando Ludovic , Horin Petr 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe mammalian Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a genetic region containing highly polymorphic genes with immunological functions. MHC class I and class II genes encode antigen-presenting molecules expressed on the cell surface. The MHC class II sub-region contains genes expressed in antigen presenting cells. The antigen binding site is encoded by the second exon of genes encoding antigen presenting molecules. The exon 2 sequences of these MHC genes have evolved under the selective pressure of pathogens. Interspecific differences can be observed in the class II sub-region. The familyEquidaeincludes a variety of domesticated, and free-ranging species inhabiting a range of habitats exposed to different pathogens and represents a model for studying this important part of the immunogenome. While equine MHC class IIDRAandDQAloci have received attention, the genetic diversity and effects of selection onDRBandDQBloci have been largely overlooked. This study aimed to provide the first in-depth analysis of the MHC class IIDRBandDQBloci in theEquidaefamily.ResultsThreeDRBand twoDQBgenes were identified in the genomes of all equids. The genesDRB2,DRB3andDQB3showed high sequence conservation, while polymorphisms were more frequent atDRB1andDQB1across all species analyzed.DQB2was not found in the genome of the Asiatic assesEquus hemionus kulanandE. h. onager. The bioinformatic analysis of non-zero-coverage-bases ofDRBandDQBgenes in 14 equine individual genomes revealed differences among individual genes. Evidence for recombination was found forDRB1,DRB2, DQB1andDQB2genes. Trans-species allele sharing was identified in all genes exceptDRB1. Site-specific selection analysis predicted genes evolving under positive selection both atDRBandDQBloci. No selected amino acid sites were identified inDQB3.ConclusionsThe organization of the MHC class II sub-region of equids is similar across all species of the family. Genomic sequences, along with phylogenetic trees suggesting effects of selection as well as trans-species polymorphism support the contention that pathogen-driven positive selection has shaped the MHC class IIDRB/DQBsub-regions in theEquidae.
Effects of electroencephalography and regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring on perioperative neurocognitive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ding Lin , Chen Dong Xu , Li Qian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is a common postoperative complication including postoperative delirium (POD), postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) or delayed neurocognitive recovery. It is still controversial whether the use of intraoperative cerebral function monitoring can decrease the incidence of PND. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different cerebral function monitoring (electroencephalography (EEG) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) monitoring) on PND based on the data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods
The electronic databases of Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library database were systematically searched using the indicated keywords from their inception to April 2020. The odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were employed to analyze the data. Heterogeneity across analyzed studies was assessed with chi-square test and I2 test.

Results
Twenty two RCTs with 6356 patients were included in the final analysis. Data from 12 studies including 4976 patients were analyzed to assess the association between the EEG-guided anesthesia and PND. The results showed that EEG-guided anesthesia could reduce the incidence of POD in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57–0.95; P = 0.02), but had no effect on patients undergoing cardiac surgery (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.05–3.54; P = 0.44). The use of intraoperative EEG monitoring reduced the incidence of POCD up to 3 months after the surgery (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.49–0.96; P = 0.03), but the incidence of early POCD remained unaffected (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.35–1.07; P = 0.09). The remaining 10 studies compared the effect of rSO2 monitoring to routine care in a total of 1380 participants on the incidence of PND. The results indicated that intraoperative monitoring of rSO2 could reduce the incidence of POCD (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.39–0.73; P < 0.0001), whereas no significant difference was found regarding the incidence of POD (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.48–1.14; P = 0.17).

Conclusions
The findings in the present study indicated that intraoperative use of EEG or/and rSO2 monitor could decrease the risk of PND.

Trial registration
PROSPREO registration number: CRD42019130512.
Grisel’s syndrome: a case report on this rare pediatric disease and its anesthetic challenges
Authors: Reddy Kavya N. , Baig Shabaaz M. , Batra Meenu , Colodner Kevin , Madubuko Uchenna , Korban Anna , Pandya Shah Shridevi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Grisel’s syndrome is a non-traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation associated with inflammatory conditions of the head and neck, which occurs primarily in children. Increased flexibility of the ligaments during inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of the subluxation between the axis and atlas. The potential sequelae may be severe, and early diagnosis and treatment of Grisel’s syndrome can prevent tragic outcomes.

Case presentation
We present a case of torticollis in an 8-year-old child. She had a two-week history of a streptococcal throat infection. The patient was treated with several different methods of conservative care, including muscle relaxation, cervical halter traction, and Halo application. However, the torticollis persisted. The patient then required surgical correction involving cervical spine fusion. She had no complications and experienced no reoccurrence of the torticollis to date.

Conclusion
Grisel’s syndrome is a pathology for which conservative management is successful in most cases. Cases requiring surgical intervention are rarely documented in the literature. Our case is significant, as in spite of aggressive conservative management, the patient required surgical correction. Patients requiring surgical management of Grisel’s syndrome may require additional anesthetic exposure for diagnostic interventions like magnetic resonance imaging or neck manipulations for closed reduction. We discuss the features of Grisel’s syndrome and specific anesthetic management considerations for procedures such as magnetic resonance imaging, application of cervical traction, and surgical correction of torticollis.
Semantic and cognitive tools to aid statistical science: replace confidence and significance by compatibility and surprise
Authors: Rafi Zad , Greenland Sander 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Researchers often misinterpret and misrepresent statistical outputs. This abuse has led to a large literature on modification or replacement of testing thresholds and P-values with confidence intervals, Bayes factors, and other devices. Because the core problems appear cognitive rather than statistical, we review some simple methods to aid researchers in interpreting statistical outputs. These methods emphasize logical and information concepts over probability, and thus may be more robust to common misinterpretations than are traditional descriptions.

Methods
We use the Shannon transform of the P-value p, also known as the binary surprisal or S-value s = −log2(p), to provide a measure of the information supplied by the testing procedure, and to help calibrate intuitions against simple physical experiments like coin tossing. We also use tables or graphs of test statistics for alternative hypotheses, and interval estimates for different percentile levels, to thwart fallacies arising from arbitrary dichotomies. Finally, we reinterpret P-values and interval estimates in unconditional terms, which describe compatibility of data with the entire set of analysis assumptions. We illustrate these methods with a reanalysis of data from an existing record-based cohort study.

Conclusions
In line with other recent recommendations, we advise that teaching materials and research reports discuss P-values as measures of compatibility rather than significance, compute P-values for alternative hypotheses whenever they are computed for null hypotheses, and interpret interval estimates as showing values of high compatibility with data, rather than regions of confidence.
Our recommendations emphasize cognitive devices for displaying the compatibility of the observed data with various hypotheses of interest, rather than focusing on single hypothesis tests or interval estimates. We believe these simple reforms are well worth the minor effort they require.