bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell type‐specific transcriptome analysis unveils secreted signaling molecule genes expressed in apical epithelial cap during appendage regeneration
Authors: Okumura Akinori , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Ebisawa Masashi , Yoshimura Mika , Sasagawa Yohei , Nikaido Itoshi , Umesono Yoshihiko , Mochii Makoto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWound epidermis (WE) and the apical epithelial cap (AEC) are believed to trigger regeneration of amputated appendages such as limb and tail in amphibians by producing certain secreted signaling molecules. To date, however, only limited information about the molecular signatures of these epidermal structures is available. Here we used a transgenic Xenopus laevis line harboring the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene under control of an es1 gene regulatory sequence to isolate WE/AEC cells by performing fluorescence‐activated cell sorting during the time course of tail regeneration (day 1, day 2, day 3 and day 4 after amputation). Time‐course transcriptome analysis of these isolated WE/AEC cells revealed that more than 8,000 genes, including genes involved in signaling pathways such as those of reactive oxygen species, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), canonical and non‐canonical Wnt, transforming growth factor β (TGF β) and Notch, displayed dynamic changes of their expression during tail regeneration. Notably, this approach enabled us to newly identify seven secreted signaling molecule genes (mdk, fstl, slit1, tgfβ1, bmp7.1, angptl2 and egfl6) that are highly expressed in tail AEC cells. Among these genes, five (mdk, fstl, slit1, tgfβ1 and bmp7.1) were also highly expressed in limb AEC cells but the other two (angptl2 and egfl6) are specifically expressed in tail AEC cells. Interestingly, there was no expression of fgf8 in tail WE/AEC cells, whose expression and pivotal role in limb AEC cells have been reported previously. Thus, we identified common and different properties between tail and limb AEC cells.
Orofacial motor dysfunction in Moebius syndrome
Authors: Renault Francis , Flores‐Guevara Roberto , Baudon Jean‐Jacques , Sergent Bernard , Charpillet Valérie , Denoyelle Françoise , Thierry Briac , Amiel Jeanne , Gitiaux Cyril , Vazquez Marie‐Paule 
Published: November 2019

AimTo review orofacial disabilities and their consequences in children with Moebius syndrome (MBS).MethodWe retrospectively analysed the records of 32 patients (21 males, 11 females) with non‐progressive bilateral facial and abducens palsies who had been examined before 6 months of age.ResultsAll facial muscles were severely involved in 17 patients; in the 15 others, partial movements were found in the lower face. Most patients (n=24) were unable to smile. Patients frequently presented with congenital trismus (n=20) and drooling (n=18). Additional palsies involved cranial nerves IX and X (n=18) and XII (n=25). Sucking was absent or weak in 30 patients; swallowing was impaired in 25. During the first month of life, feeding disorders were graded as severe/moderate in 25. Respiratory complications occurred in 17. Severe feeding disorders were associated with congenital trismus (p=0.01) and with cranial nerve IX and X palsy (p=0.01). Growth failure between 1 and 6 months of age, followed by catch‐up growth between 6 and 12 months, was observed in 20 patients. Between 2 and 5 years of age, 25 out of 32 patients attained normal oral diet and 28 out of 29 showed normal growth.InterpretationChildren with MBS frequently require adjusted therapeutic options to prevent failure to thrive. Congenital trismus, cranial nerve IX and X palsy, and laryngeal–tracheal dysfunctions are predictors of severe feeding disorders.What this paper adds

Moebius syndrome frequently induces reduced oral intake and early failure to thrive.

Normal oral diet and growth parameters are attained at 2 to 5 years of age.

Congenital trismus, pharyngeal palsy, and laryngeal disorders predict dysphagia.
Movement‐based interventions for preschool‐age children with, or at risk of, motor impairment: a systematic review
Authors: Cameron Kate L , Albesher Reem A , McGinley Jennifer L , Allison Kim , Cheong Jeanie L Y , Spittle Alicia J 
Published: November 2019

AimTo explore the efficacy of movement‐based interventions to improve motor skills in preschool‐age children with, or at risk of, motor impairment, including those with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, and developmental coordination disorder.MethodRelevant electronic databases were searched for randomized or quasi‐randomized controlled trials. Outcomes were classified using domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children & Youth version. Quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’sd.ResultsSeventeen articles exploring a heterogeneity of intervention types, population groups, and outcome measures met the inclusion criteria. Movement‐based interventions did not significantly improve outcomes in either the body structure and function or activity domains in most studies. No studies used a participation outcome measure.InterpretationThere is a paucity of evidence exploring movement‐based interventions in the preschool‐age group. Although movement‐based interventions showed potential for improving body structure and function and activity outcomes for children with motor impairment, results were mostly not significant. Small sample sizes, variable study quality, and risk of bias limit confidence in the results.What this paper addsThe evidence is inconclusive to support movement‐based interventions in this group.No studies used outcome measures assessing participation.Variability in intervention type and study quality limit confidence in results.
Is exploration a metric for information gathering? Attraction to novelty and plasticity in black‐capped chickadees
Authors: Rojas‐Ferrer Isabel , Thompson Megan Joy , Morand‐Ferron Julie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnimals can learn about the value of resources and predation risk by exploring novel environments or exploring novel stimuli in their regular environments. Still, there is a disconnect in the way that exploration has been defined and measured; exploration is defined in terms of information acquisition, while measured in terms of movement speed and diversity of contacted items in a novel environment. If exploration is indeed a measurement of information gathering, fast explorers should seek to reduce uncertainty about their environment more than slow explorers. Exploration speed has also been linked to behavioral plasticity, where fast explorers move fast but collect less detailed information, thereby forming routines and expressing less plasticity than slow explorers. We test these two hypotheses by comparing exploration in a novel environment to individuals' attraction to novelty and behavioral plasticity. Our results support the view that exploration is a measurement of information‐gathering tendencies as fast explorers were more likely to collect novel information, which should reduce uncertainty further than sampling familiar information sources, compared with slower explorers. Furthermore, faster explorers switched to sampling novel information more quickly than slow explorers when the value of the familiar option decreased, opposing the widely held view that faster explorers present more routine‐like behavior. By providing familiar and novel foraging options in close spatial contiguity, we demonstrate an attraction to novelty in faster explorers that cannot be confounded by activity rate, thereby suggesting that these individuals seek to reduce uncertainty. In conclusion, our results support the biological validity of the term “exploration” through its association with information gathering.
Secondary contacts and genetic admixture shape colonization by an amphiatlantic epibenthic invertebrate
Authors: Hudson Jamie , Johannesson Kerstin , McQuaid Christopher D. , Rius Marc 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch on the genetics of invasive species often focuses on patterns of genetic diversity and population structure within the introduced range. However, a growing body of literature is demonstrating the need to study how native genotypes affect both ecological and evolutionary mechanisms within the introduced range. Here, we used genotyping‐by‐sequencing to study both native and introduced ranges of the amphiatlantic marine invertebrate Ciona intestinalis. A previous study using microsatellites analysed samples collected along the Swedish west coast and showed the presence of genetically distinct lineages in deep and shallow waters. Using 1,653 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from newly collected samples (285 individuals), we first confirmed the presence of this depth‐defined genomic divergence along the Swedish coast. We then used approximate Bayesian computation to infer the historical relationship among sites from the North Sea, the English Channel and the northwest Atlantic and found evidence of ancestral divergence between individuals from deep waters off Sweden and individuals from the English Channel. This divergence was followed by a secondary contact that led to a genetic admixture between the ancestral populations (i.e., deep Sweden and English Channel), which originated the genotypes found in shallow Sweden. We then revealed that the colonization of C. intestinalis in the northwest Atlantic was as a result of an admixture between shallow Sweden and the English Channel genotypes across the introduced range. Our results showed the presence of both past and recent genetic admixture events that together may have promoted the successful colonizations of C. intestinalis. Our study suggests that secondary contacts potentially reshape the evolutionary trajectories of invasive species through the promotion of intraspecific hybridization and by altering both colonization patterns and their ecological effects in the introduced range.
Mate choice, reproductive success and inbreeding in white rhinoceros: New insights for conservation management
Authors: Kretzschmar Petra , Auld Hailie , Boag Peter , Gansloßer Udo , Scott Candace , Van Coeverden de Groot Peter John , Courtiol Alexandre 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImproving our sparse knowledge of the mating and reproductive behaviour of white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum Burchell, 1817) is essential for the effective conservation of this iconic species. By combining morphological, physiological and habitat data with paternity assignments of 104 known mother–offspring pairs collected over a period of 13 years, we provide the most comprehensive analysis of the mating system in this species. We show that while the overall mating system was promiscuous, and both males and females produced more offspring when mating with several partners, half of all females with multiple offspring were monogamous. Additionally, we find that mating and reproductive success varied significantly among territorial males in two independent sets of males. In females, however, variation in the mating and the reproductive success was not larger than expected by random demographic fluctuations. Horn size, testosterone metabolite concentration, territory size, habitat openness and the volume of preferred food within the territory did not seem to influence male mating or reproductive success. Moreover, there was no sign of inbreeding avoidance: females tended to mate more frequently with closely related males, and one daughter produced a progeny with her father. The lack of inbreeding avoidance, in combination with the skew in male reproductive success, the partial monogamy in females and the territorial‐based mating system, jeopardizes the already low genetic variation in the species. Considering that the majority of populations are restricted to fenced reserves and private farms, we recommend taking preventive measures that aim to reduce inbreeding in white rhinoceros. A video abstract can be viewed .
Is Breaking Up Hard to Do? Exploring Emerging Adults' Perceived Abilities to End Romantic Relationships
Authors: Beckmeyer Jonathon J. , Jamison Tyler B. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo explore emerging adults' beliefs about their ability to end romantic relationships and to identify demographic, personality, and romantic experience factors associated with breakup beliefs.BackgroundAlthough, ending relationships is a key component of emerging adult romantic development, research suggests that breakups tend to be protracted and painful. Little is known about what individual skills might be relevant in making breakups smoother for both members of a couple.MethodUsing a cross‐sectional design and drawing from an existing survey panel, 948 emerging adults completed an online survey about their romantic experiences and health outcomes.ResultsMost participants perceived that they can carry out breakup‐related tasks; they reported knowing when to break up, being able to do so appropriately, being able to accept it when someone breaks up with them, and not delaying breaking up. However, a sizable proportion of participants (23.5% to 47.1% depending on the item) reported that they lacked the skills necessary to end romantic relationships. Beliefs about the ability to end relationships were most consistently associated with emerging adults' general self‐efficacy.ConclusionAlthough most emerging adults in the sample appeared confident in their abilities to break up, a sizeable minority indicated that they lacked key skills to end relationships.ImplicationsRelationship education programs for emerging adults generally do not focus on relationship dissolution. Yet our findings suggest that some emerging adults may need opportunities to build skills that will help them exit relationships that are unhealthy, unsatisfying, or out of sync with their individual goals.
Silencing ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme 2C inhibits proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Xianxing , Yin Liangyu , Yang Ludi , Zheng Yao , Liu Songsong , Yang Jiali , Cui Hongjuan , Wang Huaizhi 
Published: November 2019

Ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) is a core ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme in the ubiquitin–proteasome system that promotes cell cycle progression. Previous studies have indicated that UBE2C mediates tumorigenesis and progression in various cancers, but its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. This study elucidated the function of UBE2C in PDAC tumorigenesis and progression by determining UBE2C expression via real‐time qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The associations between UBE2C expression and clinicopathological characteristics and survival were assessed using a tissue microarray based on a multicentre PDAC cohort. We found that UBE2C was strongly expressed in PDAC patient tissues and was negatively associated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, perineural invasion and survival (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that high UBE2C expression is an independent risk factor for PDAC (P = 0.001). In the PDAC cell lines CFPAC‐1 and Panc‐1, silencing UBE2C suppressed cell proliferation by inducing G1/S arrest mediated by downregulation of cyclin D1. Furthermore, UBE2C knockdown decreased the migration of PDAC cells in vitro by downregulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). RNA‐seq analysis showed that upon silencing UBE2C in CFPAC‐1 cells, cyclin D1 and vimentin were downregulated by approximately 3.5‐fold and 2.6‐fold, respectively, and the major enriched pathways were related to cell cycle progression. Experiments on tumour‐bearing mice injected with CFPAC‐1 cells indicated that UBE2C depletion significantly inhibits tumour growth in vivo. These results suggest that UBE2C is involved in the development and progression of PDAC by regulating cell proliferation and EMT. UBE2C is a novel potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.DatabaseData are available in the GEO database under accession number GSE137172.
Redox characterisation of Erv1, a key component for protein import and folding in yeast mitochondria
Authors: Ceh‐Pavia Efrain , Tang Xiaofan , Liu Yawen , Heyes Derren J. , Zhao Bing , Xiao Ping , Lu Hui 
Published: November 2019

The mitochondrial import and assembly (MIA) pathway plays a vitally important role in import and oxidative folding of mitochondrial proteins. Erv1, a member of the FAD‐dependent Erv1/ALR disulphide bond generating enzyme family, is a key player of the MIA pathway. Although considerable progress has been made, the molecular mechanism of electron transfer within Erv1 is still not fully understood. The reduction potentials of the three redox centres were previously determined to be −320 mV for the shuttle disulphide, −150 mV for the active‐site disulphide and −215 mV for FAD cofactor. However, it is unknown why FAD of Erv1 has such a low potential compared with other sulfhydryl oxidases, and why the shuttle disulphide has a potential as low as many of the stable structural disulphides of the substrates of MIA pathway. In this study, the three reduction potentials of Erv1 were reassessed using the wild‐type and inactive mutants of Erv1 under anaerobic conditions. Our results show that the standard potentials for the shuttle and active‐site disulphides are approximately −250 mV and −215 ~ −260 mV, respectively, and the potential for FAD cofactor is −148 mV. Our results support a model that both disulphide bonds are redox‐active, and electron flow in Erv1 is thermodynamically favourable. Furthermore, the redox behaviour of Erv1 was confirmed, for the first time using Mia40, the physiological electron donor of Erv1. Together with previous studies on proteins of MIA pathway, we conclude that electron flow in the MIA pathway is a thermodynamically favourable, smoothly downhill process for all steps.DatabaseErv1: EC 1.8.3.2.
Fatigue strength prediction of carburized 12Cr steel alloy: Effects of evaluation of maximum crack sizes and residual stress distribution
Authors: Deng H.‐L. , Liu H. , Liu Q.‐C. , Guo Y.‐P. , Yu H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAxial loading fatigue tests of carburized 12Cr steel alloy in long‐life regime were performed under stress ratios of −1 and 0. Fatigue fracture can be divided into surface failure, interior failure without fine granular area (FGA), and interior failure with FGA. By considering the effects of the tensile limit, the evaluation of maximum crack sizes (inclusion sizes and FGA sizes), and residual stress distribution, the fatigue strength prediction model of carburized 12Cr steel alloy for inclusion‐FGA‐fisheye induced failure in low stress level region can be established. By comparing the predicted results evaluated by generalized extreme values (GEV) with generalized Pareto (GP), the GP distribution is more suitable to predict the fatigue limit of the carburized 12Cr steel alloy. Furthermore, by using the relationship between inclusion sizes and FGA sizes, the fatigue limit prediction model for the design of components can be established, and the result is extremely accurate for the carburized 12Cr steel alloy.
Defining isoscapes in the Northeast Pacific as an index of ocean productivity
Authors: Espinasse Boris , Hunt Brian P. V. , Batten Sonia D. , Pakhomov Evgeny A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimWe modelled isoscapes in the Northeast (NE) Pacific using satellite‐based data, with the main objective of testing whether isoscapes defined by a few key parameters can be used as a proxy for secondary productivity.LocationNortheast Pacific; 46–60° N and 125–165° W.Time periodFrom 1998 to 2017 (ongoing).Major taxa studiedZooplankton, with a focus on large herbivores.MethodsApproximately 280 summer zooplankton samples were analysed for carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope (SI) ratios. Environmental conditions experienced by zooplankton organisms were extracted from satellite, in situ sensor and model databases. A generalized additive model approach was used to explain the spatial variability of δ13C and δ15N values and to predict isoscapes.ResultsSea surface temperature (SST), sea level anomaly (SLA) and chlorophyll‐a concentration emerged as the significant SI predictors. Modelled isoscapes reproduced patterns observed in δ13C and δ15N value distribution, such as a decrease from the coast to offshore. The contribution of eddies in enhancing local production in the open ocean was also well captured by the models. In the central part of the NE Pacific, higher SI values were correlated with higher large copepod biomass measured by the North Pacific Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey. However, in the area off the coast of British Columbia, high δ15N variability appeared to be associated with episodic intrusions of coastal waters, demonstrating that caution is needed when interpreting sharp changes in SI ratios.Main conclusionsAlthough the mechanisms driving SI ratio variability are complex, we demonstrate that a few parameters used as a proxy for some of these major mechanisms are able to produce successful isoscape models. This approach was proved useful to provide a qualitative estimate of secondary production, which can be particularly valuable in a region where few data are available.
Multilevel blame games: Blame‐shifting in the European Union
Authors: Heinkelmann‐Wild Tim , Zangl Bernhard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWho blames whom in multilevel blame games? Existing research focuses either on policymakers' preferences or their opportunities offered by the institutional structures in which policymakers operate. As these two strands of literature barely refer to each other, in this article we develop an integrated theoretical model of blame‐shifting in multilevel governance systems and assess it empirically. In line with the first strand, we assume that policymakers have a preference for shifting blame onto actors on a different level from themselves. In line with the second, we suppose that opportunities for doing so depend on institutional responsibility for policymaking and policy implementation. We check the plausibility of our integrated model by examining policymakers' blame attributions in three cases where European Union migration policies have been contested: border control, asylum, and welfare entitlements. We find that our integrated model does better in explaining blame‐shifting in these cases than the isolated models.
Study on the water state, mobility and textural property of Chinese noodles during boiling
Authors: Ling Xiaowen , Tang Na , Zhao Bo , Zhang Yingquan , Guo Boli , Wei Yi‐Min 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe water mobility, state and textural properties of Chinese fresh noodles (CFNs) and Chinese dried noodles (CDNs) made from same wheat cultivar were measured during boiling using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR), low‐field nuclear magnetic Imaging (LF‐NMI) and a textural analyser. ‘The oil immersion method’ was applied to gain the clear images from LF‐NMI measurement. The distributions of the three water states (T21, T22 and T23) in the noodles were distinguished. The results indicated that water mobility in noodles was closely related to the gelatinisation of noodle starch. Compared with CFNs, CDNs need a longer cooking time for water mobility and starch gelatinisation. The results of the cooked noodle profiles showed that the cooked CDNs (8 min) had an undesirable textural properties compared with the cooked CFNs (2 min). The longer cooking time of CDNs is responsible for its undesirable texture since the textural properties change during the longer cooking time.