bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Social Selection and Its Associated Emotional and Cognitive Costs Across Adulthood
Authors: Liao Hsiao-Wen , Carstensen Laura 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Socioemotional selectivity theory maintains that goal prioritization differs across adulthood as a function of future time horizons. To prepare for a long and nebulous future, young adults prioritize learning and exploration over emotional meaning. Relieved from the burden to prepare, older adults prioritize emotionally meaningful goals. In the context of social relationships, younger adults include proportionally fewer familiar social partners in their social networks, whereas older adults’ social networks encompass proportionally fewer unfamiliar social partners. Although social selection is considered adaptive, it inevitably involves gains and losses. The current study examined whether age-related selectivity correlates with (1) greater concurrent negative emotions in younger people, and (2) poorer cognitive performance in old age. A life-span sample (N = 258) completed a social networks questionnaire and cognitive tests. Daily emotional experience was assessed using experience sampling. A subset (N = 119) completed the cognitive tests again five years later. Results of multiple regression analysis, controlling for physical health and trait neuroticism, indicate that smaller proportions of familiar social partners in one’s social network correlated with more frequent experience of negative emotions. Age moderated this association with a stronger association in younger than older people. Results of separate multiple regression analysis, controlling for baseline cognition, physical health, age, SES, and trait openness, indicate that a smaller proportion of social partners in one’s outer social circle negatively predicted older adults’ Digit Span Backward performance assessed five years later. We discuss our findings within the framework of gains and losses in life-span development.
Effectiveness of Nutritional Education for Obese Older Adults With Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yin Yue-Heng , Justina Liu Yat 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Obesity has been shown to intensify the decline of physical function and lead to frailty. Nutrition is an important method in managing obesity and frailty, while seldom reviews have ever explored the effects of nutritional education interventions. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42019142403) to explore the effectiveness of nutritional education interventions in managing body composition and physio-psychosocial parameters related to frailty. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were searched in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus from 2001 to 2019. Hand search for the reference lists of included papers was conducted as well. We assessed the quality of included studies by Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses and narrative synthesis were used to analyse the data. Two studies with low risk of bias were screened from 180 articles, which involved 177 older people with an average age of 69.69±4.08 years old. The results showed that nutritional education was significantly effective in reducing body weight and fat mass than exercises, and it was beneficial to enhancing physical function and psychosocial well-being. But the effects of nutritional education in increasing muscle strength were not better than exercises. The combined effects of nutritional education and exercises were superior than either exercises or nutritional education interventions solely in preventing the loss of lean mass and bone marrow density, and in improving physical function. Due to limited numbers of relevant studies, the strong evidence of effectiveness of nutritional education interventions on reversing frailty is still lacking.
Exploring the Motivators and Barriers of Older Adults Participating in an Interactive Exergame Intervention
Authors: Crane Breanna , Drazich Brittany , Moored Kyle , Carlson Michelle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cognitive and physical activity are important to maintaining daily functioning in older adults. While bidirectional associations between cognitive and physical activity magnify with increasing age, elucidating shared benefits has been difficult as few interventions explicitly train on cognition and mobility simultaneously. We conducted focus groups among 14 older adults residing in an independent-living center who participated in an interactive video game study called Bandit the Dolphin, where participants simultaneously incorporated cognitive exercise and physical activity while navigating within a complex spatial environment to help Bandit jump, eat fish, and stun sharks. Using ‘sneaky exercise’ tactics, participants utilized upper extremities in conjunction with slight lower extremity movement to move Bandit within a 3-D oceanic environment. We conducted 3 semi-structured focus groups and analyzed the data using the “Sort and Sift, Think and Shift” method to assess general likes and dislikes as well as the primary motivators, barriers, and reasons for remaining in the study. Participants enjoyed the immersive nature, challenge, and “fun factor” of the game. Primary motivators for joining were generativity/helping others, self-improvement, from peer referrals, and because the study looked interesting. Key barriers reported in the study were exhaustion from standing, learning how to play in 3-D space, and frustration from lack of level advancement. Reasons for retention were due to the game being fun, a sense of duty, and fulfilling commitments. This information will guide ongoing research efforts to design interactive video game interventions that are enjoyable for older adults and maintain high retention rates.
Gender and Age Moderate the Effects of Partner Substance Use on Problem Drinking in Adulthood
Authors: Miller Sara , Almeida David , Maggs Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current study examined whether partner substance use problems predict problem drinking and how gender and age moderate this relationship. Problem drinking refers to alcohol use resulting in alcohol dependence or health and social consequences. Participants were adults (n=2142, 53% female, mean age=54, range= 33-83) from Wave 2 of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) Study. Participants reported on both past 12-month problem drinking (e.g., emotional problems from drinking, urges to drink, month or “much time” drinking, drinking more to get effects, drinking more than intended, and alcohol-related role interference) and partner substance use problems. Results indicated that 22.2% of the sample reported at least one problem drinking behavior in the past year. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant interaction between gender and partner substance use problems (b=0.05, p=0.01) such that for males having a partner with substance use problems was a risk factor for their own problem drinking. However, a three-way interaction with gender, age, and partner substance use problems (b=-0.41, p&lt;0.01) indicated that partner substance use problems might have both gender and age-specific effects on problem drinking. Exploratory analyses of this interaction indicated that with age partner substance use problems might no longer promote risk for male problem drinking. Older adults are especially sensitive to the effects of alcohol for reasons such as lower tolerance, medication interaction, and health conditions. There is thus a need for identifying age-relevant factors associated with these drinking behaviors for intervention and prevention efforts.
Innovative Experiences at Work Support Hippocampal Maintenance in Late Life
Authors: Odd Kaleena , Boron Julie Blaskewicz , Burzynska Aga , Santo Jonathan , Robinson Paul , Willis Sherry , Schaie K Warner 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated the positive impact of occupational complexity on cognitive aging, however, neural underpinnings remain unclear. There is emerging evidence linking midlife managerial experience to slower hippocampal atrophy (Suo et al., 2012, 2017), supporting the brain maintenance model (i.e. preservation of young-like brain structure). However, occupational complexity, along with education, is known to be a proxy of cognitive reserve (i.e. mind’s resistance to brain aging). The current study examined the influence of midlife work environment factors (i.e., autonomy, control, and innovation; Work Environment Scale, Moos, 1981) on change in hippocampal thickness, while controlling for education and age. We studied 150 participants (60-78 years, M = 66.27, SD = 5.20, 61% female) from the Seattle Longitudinal Study who had at least one MRI scan and remained cognitively normal between 2006 and 2014. Hypotheses were tested using multilevel modeling in Mplus; gender differences were examined. There was no substantial drop in model fit as a result of adding any of the significant effects. Innovation at work slowed the decrease in hippocampal thickness over time demonstrating the protective effect of more novelty, variety and change in work activities. There was a significant age by gender interaction, such that the decrease in hippocampal thickness was stronger for older women. Together, findings suggest that long-term impact of work environment on the hippocampus extends beyond the effects of education, particularly in men, supporting the brain maintenance hypothesis. Innovation at work should be considered in understanding protective/risk factors in hippocampal atrophy in older age.
Social Network Types and Health Among Older Singaporeans
Authors: Malhotra Rahul , Sung Pildoo , Chan Angelique W M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Little is known about the heterogeneity and dynamics in older adults’ social networks and their bidirectional relationship with health in Asian societies. We investigate (1) social network types, (2) how network types predict health, and (3) whether health influences network types over time among older Singaporeans. We use data from Transitions in Health, Employment, Social engagement and Inter-Generational transfers in Singapore Study (THE SIGNS Study), a national longitudinal survey, collected in 2016-2017 (wave 1) and 2019 (wave 2). Latent class analysis is applied to identify distinct social network types and how they affect self-rated health after two years. Latent transition analysis is then employed to examine the pattern of change in network types between waves, and the relationship between baseline self-rated health and transition in network types. We identify six social network types: diverse, diverse but less socially engaged, immediate family, extended family, living alone yet diverse, and restricted (proportion at baseline: 7.2 %, 38.2 %, 14.1 %, 27.1 %, 7.0 %, and 6.4 %, respectively). Older adults in the ‘living alone yet diverse’ network type are less likely to report poor self-rated health after two years than those in the restricted and extended family network types. Additionally, we find that good health is related to more diversified network types—‘diverse’ and ‘diverse but less socially engaged’—at baseline, and network types are relatively stable over two years. These findings contribute to the literature by capturing complexities in the reciprocal relationship between social network types and health in later life.
Digital Health Information as Friend or Foe: The Question of (Mis)Trust Among Older Internet Users
Authors: Seckin Gul , Campbell Patricia , Lawson Megan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Gathering health information is among the major motivations for getting online among older adults who want to be better prepared with knowledge to manage their health and personal care. Prior research also showed significant gender differences in health-related use of the Internet. This research examined the effect of Internet use for health information on (a) mistrust of physician, (b) empowerment, (c) self-care, and (d) worry and/or anxiety. The sample (N=710; Mean= 48.82, SD=16.43) was randomly drawn from a national probability-based online panel. We performed gender-stratified sub-sample analyses of older respondents (age ≥60, N= 194). Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that there is a negative association between older age and feeling empowered because of using the internet for health information (β = -.23, p &lt; .05) and a positive association between older age and mistrust of diagnosis and/or treatment of physician (β = .19, p &lt; .05). Study respondents did not report better self-care as a result of obtaining information from the Internet (β = -.15, p &gt; .05). Lastly, older adults reported less worry and/or anxiety because of information stumbled upon the Internet that may not be accurate (β = -.25, p &lt; .05). Sub-sample analyses showed that there are gender differences. Particularly, older men reported greater mistrust (β = .32, p &lt; .05), and less worry (β = -.44, p ≤ .01) while these associations were not significant among older women. Results call for examination of the synergy of age and gender in perceived benefits of health-related Internet use.
Give People What They Want, Feedback: Older Adult Perceptions on Cognitive Training Features to Increase Engagement
Authors: Roque Nelson , Harrell Erin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
According to Temporal Self-Regulation Theory (TST; Hall & Fong, 2007), adherence motivation can be driven by both positive and negative emotional reactions in which adherence is viewed in relation to gains versus losses. In a sample of 100 older adults (ages 64+), we explored participant-provided feedback related to intervention and game elements participants perceived would increase their adherence across five domains: (1) ability to adjust difficulty; (2) ability to change game design (from the preprogrammed American Western theme); (3) cognitive performance feedback; (4) ability to unlock extra game features (e.g., more levels); and (5) other elements. Ranked in order of frequency of endorsement, 53% endorsed: cognitive performance feedback; 47%: ability to adjust difficulty; 28%: ability to unlock new features; 27%: the ‘Other’ option; and 20% endorsed changing the game’s theme. This work has implications for models of adherence, specifically, the role that expectations of later cognitive feedback might play.
A Video Decision Aid for the West Virginia POLST: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Heard Cherish , Pino Emma , Gallegos Jarred V , Edelstein Barry , Moss Alvin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Patients with serious medical conditions are faced with making decisions about treatments related to end-of-life care. The Physician Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment (POLST) is a document that allows patients to express preferences for four medical decisions including cardiopulmonary resuscitation, level of medical intervention, and medically administered fluids and nutrition. The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate a video decision aid for the West Virginia POLST form. Sixty-four community-dwelling adults (50+) were recruited to participate. Participants were randomized to active control (exercise video) or intervention group (POLST video). Knowledge and decisional conflict were measured pre- and post-intervention. Participants were given a hypothetical vignette with medical information for the purpose of completing study measures. Separate MANCOVAs were conducted to explore the relation between treatment group and decisional outcomes at post-intervention for each medical decision, while controlling for numeracy and pre-intervention ratings of knowledge and decisional conflict. Results identified significant main effects of treatment group for each of the four medical decisions. Participants who viewed the video were more knowledgeable regarding CPR F(1,59) = 42.844, p&lt;.001, medical interventions F(1,59) = 20.475, p&lt;.001, and medically administered fluids F(1,59) = 31.004, p&lt;.001, compared to participants assigned to the control group. Additionally, participants who viewed the video had less decisional conflict related to CPR F(1,59) = 17.892, p&lt;.001, medical interventions F(1,59) = 31.017, p&lt;.001, medically administered fluids F(3,56) = 11.718, p=.001, and nutrition F(1,59) = 16.411, p&lt;.001, compared to participants in the control group. Conclusions and practical implications will be discussed.
Factors Predicting Short Length of Stay in Hospice Patients With a Primary Diagnosis of Stroke
Authors: Marino Victoria , Templeman Maureen , Schonwetter Ronald , Dobbs Debra , Haley William 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally among people aged 60+, yet only 9% of hospice decedents have a primary diagnosis of stroke and little research has examined their end-of-life care experiences. Late referral and admission to hospice is an indicator of poor end of-life-care quality. This project identified factors predicting short stays in hospice, defined as a length of stay (LOS) of 14 days or less, via chart review of 100 hospice patients with a primary diagnosis of stroke. Of the 98 patients with complete data, 89% died in hospice; 11% were live discharges. Most patients were female, married, and referred to hospice from a hospital. Only 21% of patients entered hospice with a completed advance directive. Approximately 75% (n=73) of patients had a short LOS. Binary logistic regression indicated that gender, race, marital status, and having an advance directive at hospice admission were unassociated with LOS. Controlling for demographics, patients referred from home were 74% less likely to have a short LOS (OR=.26, CI=.08-.83) compared to those referred from a hospital, with a mean LOS of 44 and 13 days, respectively. Including Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) score in the model attenuated the effect of referral location. For every ten percent increase in PPS, participants were 85% less likely to have a short LOS (OR=.15, CI=.07-.32). Advance care planning should be more widely promoted among patients at high risk for stroke. There are opportunities for earlier referral to hospice for patients with a diagnosis of stroke.
Who Prepares More for End of Life? The Factors Associated With End-of-Life Planning Among Older Adults
Authors: Park Hayoung , Jun Hey Jung , Joo Susanna , Lee Sun Ah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Being an “aged” society, only recently in Korea have there been growing interests in well-dying and end-of-life planning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the factors associated with the level of end-of-life planning among Korean older adults. For the analyses, 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans was utilized and the sample was 10,073 older adults aged 65 and above. The independent variables were age, gender, employment, education level, marital status, household income, religion, number of children, and life satisfaction. The dependent variable, the level of end-of-life planning, was measured as the sum of five items of the question asking whether they have prepared the following items in preparation for end-of-life: shroud (8.3% prepared), cemetery/charnel house (25.1% prepared), mutual aid society (13.7% subscribed), will (0.5% prepared), lectures in preparation for end-of-life (0.4% participated). The results from multiple regressions using STATA 15.0 indicated that the level of end-of-life planning was significantly associated with age (b=.02, p&lt;.001), gender (b=-.07, p&lt;.001), education level (b=.02, p&lt;.01), household income (b=2.56, p&lt;.001), religion (b=.06, p&lt;.001), number of children (b=.04, p&lt;.001), and life satisfaction (b=.17, p&lt;.001). That is, they have planned more for their end-of-life when older in age, female, more educated, wealthier, with religion, had more children, and more satisfied with life. The findings from this study suggest that political interventions are required to promote end-of-life planning education especially for less educated older adults with low income for their “well-dying”. Further researches are needed to explore other personal/interpersonal factors associated with end-of-life planning.
Generativity Among Japanese Elderly: Its Association With Demographic Characteristics and Health Indicators
Authors: Murayama Sachiko , Kobayashi Erika , Kuraoka Masataka , Nonaka Kumiko , Tanaka Motoki , Nemoto Yuta , Murayama Hiroshi , Fujiwara Yoshinori 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Generativity is defined as concern and activity dedicated to contributing to the welfare of others, especially younger generations. Although generativity is postulated to be an important developmental task in old age, there are few reports of its related factors in Asian countries. The purpose of our study is to examine the gender difference of generativity and to explore the defining factors among Japanese elderly. During August to September 2016, we conducted a questionnaire survey for randomly selected 1,187 people aged 65–84 years in the Tokyo area (527 males, 660 females, mean age 72.6 years±5.5), and measured the following variables: generativity, gender, age, length of residence, parental status (having children or grandchildren), working status, commitment to child-rearing activities, mental health (WHO-5 scores), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). As a result of Student’s t-test, we found that males scored significantly higher on generativity than females (t=2.678, df=1067.097, p&lt;.01). Moreover, we carried out multiple regression analysis, separated by gender. The results showed that, only among males, generativity was positively related to age (β=.096, p&lt;.05) and having children (β=.148, p&lt;.001). In addition, we found that generativity was positively associated with the following variables in both genders: having jobs, commitment to child-rearing activities, mental health, and IADLs (β=.081–.318, p=.000–.032). Among them, mental health and IADLs especially had strong effects on generativity (β=.188–.318, p&lt;.001). We have concluded that the related factors of generativity differ between males and females, but regardless of gender, health indicators are strongly associated with generativity in old age.
Self-Efficacy as a Mediator Between Lifestyle and Self-Perceptions of Aging
Authors: Steward Andrew , Hasche Leslie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A growing body of literature demonstrates the public health impacts of negative self-perceptions of aging (SPA). However, minimal research has explored mediating mechanisms as well as which lifestyle activities may influence SPA. Based on theory and prior research in successful aging, this study explored the impact of lifestyle activities on SPA and tested self-efficacy as a mediator between lifestyle activities and SPA. This study analyzed cross-sectional data from the psychosocial module in the 2018 wave of the Health and Retirement study (N = 2,675; mean age = 65.67/ SD = 9.95). Eight SPA items (e.g., “Things keep getting worse as I get older”) were derived from the Attitudes Toward Own Aging subscale of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale. 10 items measure self-efficacy on a 6-point Likert-type scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. 21 lifestyle activities covering physical, intellectual, social, and spiritual domains were dichotomized into whether respondents participate at least monthly. Multiple regression analyses were utilized. Results indicate that self-efficacy explained 23% of the variance in SPA while holding constant age, gender, and functional ability. Sobel’s test showed that self-efficacy mediated the relationship between lifestyle activities and SPA. Exercise explained the most variance in SPA, followed by computer use and volunteering. Building upon successful aging literature, this study demonstrates the impact of self-efficacy and helps distinguish which lifestyle activities may be most effective in improving SPA. In addition to individual-level lifestyle activities, the impact of structural interventions on SPA should be tested in future research.