bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The global and regional burden of genital ulcer disease due to herpes simplex virus: a natural history modelling study
Authors: Looker Katharine Jane , Johnston Christine , Welton Nicky J , James Charlotte , Vickerman Peter , Turner Katherine M E , Boily Marie-Claude , Gottlieb Sami L 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infection can cause painful, recurrent genital ulcer disease (GUD), which can have a substantial impact on sexual and reproductive health. HSV-related GUD is most often due to HSV type 2 (HSV-2), but may also be due to genital HSV type 1 (HSV-1), which has less frequent recurrent episodes than HSV-2. The global burden of GUD has never been quantified. Here we present the first global and regional estimates of GUD due to HSV-1 and HSV-2 among women and men aged 15–49 years old.MethodsWe developed a natural history model reflecting the clinical course of GUD following HSV-2 and genital HSV-1 infection, informed by a literature search for data on model parameters. We considered both diagnosed and undiagnosed symptomatic infection. This model was then applied to existing infection estimates and population sizes for 2016. A sensitivity analysis was carried out varying the assumptions made.ResultsWe estimated that 187 million people aged 15–49 years had at least one episode of HSV-related GUD globally in 2016: 5.0% of the world’s population. Of these, 178 million (95% of those with HSV-related GUD) had HSV-2 compared with 9 million (5%) with HSV-1. GUD burden was highest in Africa, and approximately double in women compared with men. Altogether there were an estimated 8 billion person-days spent with HSV-related GUD globally in 2016, with 99% of days due to HSV-2. Taking into account parameter uncertainty, the percentage with at least one episode of HSV-related GUD ranged from 3.2% to 7.9% (120–296 million). However, the estimates were sensitive to the model assumptions.ConclusionOur study represents a first attempt to quantify the global burden of HSV-related GUD, which is large. New interventions such as HSV vaccines, antivirals or microbicides have the potential to improve the quality of life of millions of people worldwide.
Returning to daily life: a qualitative interview study on parents of childhood cancer survivors in Germany
Authors: Peikert Mona L , Inhestern Laura , Krauth Konstantin A , Escherich Gabriele , Rutkowski Stefan , Kandels Daniela , Bergelt Corinna 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate experiences of parents of paediatric cancer survivors in cancer-related changes in the parents’ daily life (work life, family life, partner relationship and social life) during and after intensive cancer treatment and to examine the reintegration process with its impeding and facilitating factors.DesignThe design of this cross-sectional study involves a qualitative content analysis of semistructured interviews.SettingParticipants were consecutively recruited in clinical settings throughout Germany.ParticipantsForty-nine parents (59% female) of 31 cancer survivors (aged 0–17 at diagnosis of leukaemia or central nervous system tumour) were interviewed approximately 16–24 months after the end of intensive cancer treatment (eg, chemotherapy).ResultsDuring treatment, more than 70% of parents reported difficulties reconciling paid work, household and family responsibilities and caring for the ill child. Couples spent little time with each other and approximately 25% reported dispute and burden. Many parents did not have enough energy for pursuing any hobbies during treatment. However, over the long term, being faced with the child’s disease also led to strengthened relationships, new priorities, improved communication, increased mutual trust and greater appreciation for daily life. Supportive social networks (family/friends/employers), a strong partner relationship prior to the diagnosis and the use of psychosocial services (eg, family-oriented rehabilitation) had a positive impact. At the time of the interview, most families had adapted well. However, reintegration took time and some parents lacked the energy required to continue life as they did before the diagnosis.ConclusionsEven though most parents successfully readjusted to a new ‘normality’, reintegrating into daily life after paediatric cancer treatment remains difficult. Professional psychosocial support could help families with the reintegration process. Lastly, clinical staff (eg, physicians, psychologists, social workers) should bear in mind that the burden of parents does not automatically end with the end of intensive cancer treatment.
Estimating expected life-years and risk factor associations with mortality in Finland: cohort study
Authors: Härkänen Tommi , Kuulasmaa Kari , Sares-Jäske Laura , Jousilahti Pekka , Peltonen Markku , Borodulin Katja , Knekt Paul , Koskinen Seppo 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo develop a tool to inform individuals and general practitioners about benefits of lifestyle changes by providing estimates of the expected age of death (EAD) for different risk factor values, and for those who plan and decide on preventive activities and health services at population level, to calculate potential need for these.DesignProspective cohort study to estimate EAD using a model with 27 established risk factors, categorised into four groups: (1) sociodemographic background and medical history, (2) lifestyles, (3) life satisfaction, and (4) biological risk factors. We apply a Poisson regression model on the survival data split into 1-year intervals.ParticipantsTotal of 38 549 participants aged 25–74 years at baseline of the National FINRISK Study between 1987 and 2007.Primary outcome measuresRegister-based comprehensive mortality data from 1987 to 2014 with an average follow-up time of 16 years and 4310 deaths.ResultsAlmost all risk factors included in the model were statistically significantly associated with death. The largest influence on the EAD appeared to be a current heavy smoker versus a never smoker as the EAD for a 30-year-old man decreased from 86.8 years, which corresponds to the reference values of the risk factors, to 80.2 years. Diabetes decreased EAD by >6.6 years. Whole or full milk consumers had 3.4 years lower EAD compared with those consuming skimmed milk. Physically inactive men had 2.4 years lower EAD than those with high activity. Men who found their life almost unbearable due to stress had 2.8 years lower EAD.ConclusionsThe biological risk factors and lifestyles, and the factors connected with life satisfaction were clearly associated with EAD. Our model for estimating a person’s EAD can be used to motivate lifestyle changes.
Cross-sectional study of aggression against Spanish nursing personnel and effects on somatisation of physical symptoms
Authors: Pérez-Fuentes María del Carmen , Molero Jurado María del Mar , Martos Martínez África , Simón Márquez María del Mar , Oropesa Ruiz Nieves Fátima , Gázquez Linares José Jesús 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionViolence against nursing personnel in their place of work is a severe problem generating important consequences for these workers. Even though there is a large body of research on the subject, the emotional impact of aggression against healthcare workers continues to be debated.ObjectivesThe objective of this quantitative, observational cross-sectional study was to analyse the effects of aggression against nursing personnel and the mediating role of anxiety in somaticising physical symptoms.MethodThe sample was made up of 1357 nursing professionals who answered questionnaires evaluating their sensitivity to anxiety and the presence of somatic symptoms.ResultsOf the professionals who indicated that they had been the victims of aggression by family members or patients in the previous year, 52.8% said it had happened to them on one occasion, 25.2% had experienced two episodes, while 6.9% and 15.1% said they had undergone three or more aggressions, respectively. Although 89.3% of the professionals affected by acts of indicated that they had not undergone physical or psychological consequences, there was a higher prevalence of somatic alteration among workers who had been victims of violence in the workplace. Furthermore, aggression at work had a direct effect on physical somatisation, which in turn acted as a mediator in the level of anxiety of nursing professionals. Thus, aggression increased the level of anxiety of nurses through the appearance of somatic symptoms.ConclusionsThe results are discussed based on some of the consequences that appeared after episodes of aggression in the healthcare sector and their relationship.
Single group multisite safety trial of sibling cord blood cell infusion to children with cerebral palsy: study protocol and rationale
Authors: Crompton Kylie , Novak Iona , Fahey Michael , Badawi Nadia , Wallace Euan , Lee Katherine , Mechinaud-Heloury Francoise , Colditz Paul B , Elwood Ngaire , Edwards Priya , Reddihough Dinah 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability of childhood but has no cure. Stem cells have the potential to improve brain injury and are proposed as a therapy for CP. However, many questions remain unanswered about the most appropriate cell type, timing of infusions, dose required and associated risks. Therefore, human safety and efficacy trials are necessary to progress knowledge in the field.Methods and analysisThis is a single group study with sample size n=12 to investigate safety of single-dose intravenous 12/12 human leucocyte antigen-matched sibling cord blood cell infusion to children with CP aged 1–16 years without immune suppression. The study is similar to a 3+3 design, where the first two groups of participants have severe CP, and the final six participants include children with all motor severities. Children will be monitored for adverse events and the duration that donor cells are detected. Assessments at baseline, 3 and 12 months will investigate safety and preliminary evidence of change in gross motor, fine motor, cognitive and quality of life outcomes.Ethics and disseminationFull approval was obtained from The Royal Children’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee, and a clinical trial notification was accepted by Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration. Participant guardian informed consent will be obtained before any study procedures. The main results of this study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberACTRN12616000403437,NCT03087110.
Effects of priming intermittent theta burst stimulation on upper limb motor recovery after stroke: study protocol for a proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Jack Jiaqi , Fong Kenneth N K 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionIntermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), a form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), delivered to the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1), appears to enhance the brain’s response to rehabilitative training in patients with stroke. However, its clinical utility is highly subject to variability in different protocols. New evidence has reported that preceding iTBS, with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) may stabilise and even boost the facilitatory effect of iTBS on the stimulated M1, via metaplasticity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of iTBS primed with cTBS (ie, priming iTBS), in addition to robot-assisted training (RAT), on the improvement of the hemiparetic upper limb functions of stroke patients and to explore potential sensorimotor neuroplasticity using electroencephalography (EEG).Methods and analysisA three-arm, subjects and assessors-blinded, randomised controlled trial will be performed with patients with chronic stroke. An estimated sample of 36 patients will be needed based on the prior sample size calculation. All participants will be randomly allocated to receive 10 sessions of rTMS with different TBS protocols (cTBS+iTBS, sham cTBS+iTBS and sham cTBS+sham iTBS), three to five sessions per week, for 2–3 weeks. All participants will receive 60 min of RAT after each stimulation session. Primary outcomes will be assessed using Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity scores and Action Research Arm Test. Secondary outcomes will be assessed using kinematic outcomes generated during RAT and EEG.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from The Human Subjects Ethics Sub-committee, University Research Committee of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (reference number: HSEARS20190718003). The results yielded from this study will be presented at international conferences and sent to a peer-review journal to be considered for publication.Trial registration numberNCT04034069.
Exposure and attitudes to adolescent health amongst Paediatric trainees in Northern Ireland: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Mullen Stephen , Shields Michael D , O'Donoghue Dara 
Published: March 2020

AimsTo determine the exposure and attitudes of paediatric trainees towards adolescent medicine.MethodsAll paediatric trainees in the Northern Ireland deanery (n=107) were invited to participate in an online survey in March 2016. The questionnaire was based on the ‘Modified Perceptions of Adolescent Issues and Resources: Care of Adolescents’ questionnaire. The questions included a 5-point Likert scale (1-strongly disagree, 5-strongly agree) as well as open questions. All paediatric trainees were invited to attend focus groups to expand on themes generated from the questionnaire.ResultsThe response rate for the paediatric survey was 62% (n=66). Trainees identified adolescence as an area of importance similar to paediatrics and neonates; however, knowledge, confidence, skills and previous teaching in adolescent medicine were lower than for neonatal medicine and general paediatrics. Trainees who saw ≥6 adolescent patients per week were more likely to rate the importance of adolescent medicine higher. Trainees’ perceived confidence, knowledge, self-rated skills and prior teaching in adolescent medicine were strongly correlated. Most (70%) respondents stated that they had not attended an adolescent transition clinic during their postgraduate training. Undergraduate and postgraduate teaching for adolescent health was rated poorly.ConclusionsThis project identified a paediatric trainee population that are aware of the importance of adolescent health but with low perceived knowledge, skills and confidence to manage them. Education is required to enhance learning and improve outcomes for adolescent patients.
General surgical foundation doctor: optimisation of daily practice
Authors: Feldano Emmanuel , Clark Michael , Ramasubbu Benjamin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe role of a foundation year 1 (FY1) doctor has evolved over the years. Many doctors report significant anxiety and stress during this period. In this Quality Improvement Project, we looked at the difficulties FY1s face in their working day and if these issues could be resolved by implementing some structural changes.MethodsThe project was conducted in three cycles, each lasting 5 days (Monday to Friday), over three consecutive weeks. Week 1 consisted of shadowing of Surgical FY1s on wards observing daily routine (arrival, lunch and departure time), communication and handovers. Following this a number of interventions were made to the structure of their daily practice to improve productivity and performance. These improvements were measured in week 2 (as the new model was scaffolded into place) and week 3 (strictly observed).ResultsThere was no significant difference in number of tasks between week 1, 2 and 3. In week 1, there was no set times for lunch, all of the FY1s lunches were interrupted, there was no structure for handovers and 100% of FY1s stayed at work beyond there contracted hours. In week 2 and 3 there was significant improvement in the number of uninterrupted lunches, amount of time spent beyond contracted hours, number and quality of handovers. The qualitative results collected also suggested positive impact on the working lives of those involved.ConclusionThe implementation of structural changes improved the quality of FY1s working day and increased the efficiency of service delivered on the surgical ward.
Information geometry of scaling expansions of non-exponentially growing configuration spaces
Authors: Korbel Jan , Hanel Rudolf , Thurner Stefan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Many stochastic complex systems are characterized by the fact that their configuration space doesn’t grow exponentially as a function of the degrees of freedom. The use of scaling expansions is a natural way to measure the asymptotic growth of the configuration space volume in terms of the scaling exponents of the system. These scaling exponents can, in turn, be used to define universality classes that uniquely determine the statistics of a system. Every system belongs to one of these classes. Here we derive the information geometry of scaling expansions of sample spaces. In particular, we present the deformed logarithms and the metric in a systematic and coherent way. We observe a phase transition for the curvature. The phase transition can be well measured by the characteristic length r, corresponding to a ball with radius 2r having the same curvature as the statistical manifold. Increasing characteristic length with respect to size of the system is associated with sub-exponential sample space growth which is related to strongly constrained and correlated complex systems. Decreasing of the characteristic length corresponds to super-exponential sample space growth that occurs for example in systems that develop structure as they evolve. Constant curvature means exponential sample space growth that is associated with multinomial statistics, and traditional Boltzmann-Gibbs, or Shannon statistics applies. This allows us to characterize transitions between statistical manifolds corresponding to different families of probability distributions.
GPOP
Authors: Lakhotia Kartik , Kannan Rajgopal , Pati Sourav , Prasanna Viktor 
Published: March 2020

The past decade has seen the development of many shared-memory graph processing frameworks intended to reduce the effort of developing high-performance parallel applications. However, many of these frameworks, based on Vertex-centric or Edge-centric paradigms suffer from several issues, such as poor cache utilization, irregular memory accesses, heavy use of synchronization primitives, or theoretical inefficiency, that deteriorate over-all performance and scalability.
Recently, we proposed a cache and memory-efficient partition-centric paradigm for computing PageRank [26]. In this article, we generalize this approach to develop a novel Graph Processing Over Parts (GPOP) framework that is cache efficient, scalable, and work efficient. GPOP induces locality in memory accesses by increasing granularity of execution to vertex subsets called “parts,” thereby dramatically improving the cache performance of a variety of graph algorithms. It achieves high scalability by enabling completely lock and atomic free computation. GPOP’s built-in analytical performance model enables it to use a hybrid of source and part-centric communication modes in a way that ensures work efficiency each iteration, while simultaneously boosting high bandwidth sequential memory accesses. Finally, the GPOP framework is designed with programmability in mind. It completely abstracts away underlying parallelism and programming model details from the user and provides an easy to program set of APIs with the ability to selectively continue the active vertex set across iterations. Such functionality is useful for many graph algorithms but not intrinsically supported by the current frameworks.
We extensively evaluate the performance of GPOP for a variety of graph algorithms, using several large datasets. We observe that GPOP incurs up to 9×, 6.8×, and 5.5× less L2 cache misses compared to Ligra, GraphMat, and Galois, respectively. In terms of execution time, GPOP is up to 19×, 9.3×, and 3.6× faster than Ligra, GraphMat, and Galois, respectively.
Design analysis and performance evaluation of the WDM integration with CO-OFDM system for radio over fiber System
Authors: Hussein Ali Adnan , Jasim Alhamdane Hayder , Salih Hassen Begared 
Published: March 2020

<span>The optical communication and wireless networks can be integrated to increase the capacity and mobility with decrease the costs in the access networks. Optical communication is considered a Fiber optic communication that can be used for wired and wireless communication. The problems of Fiber optic communication have a solution represented by Radio over fiber (RoF) which can control many base stations (BSs) that connect to a central station (CS) with an optical fiber. The Coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) have concerned a great interest due to the high spectral efficiency and strength to the fiber dispersion, also it can be considered as a promising candidate when used in long haul optical fiber transmission systems. The integration of the wavelength division multiplexing system (WDM) with (CO-OFDM) system for increasing the system performance as well as achieving high data rates. The simulation of WDM-ROF and (WDM-CO-OFDM) with an optisystem simulator to analyze the RF spectrum, spectrum signal visualizers, and constellation diagrams. The proposed of integration of WDM and RoF-OFDM system is to achieve 100 km fiber length using 4QAM sequence bit, and the received power with electrical and optical amplifications by using 10 Gbps data signal.</span>
Examining the object-based and pixel-based image analyses for developing stand volume estimator model
Authors: Apriyanto Dwi Putra , Surati Jaya I Nengah , Puspaningsih Nining 
Published: March 2020

In the last two decades there has been significant leap on the spatial resolution of the satellite digital images which may be very useful for estimating stand parameter required for forest as well as environment management. This paper describes development of stand volume estimator models using SPOT 6 panchromatic and multispectral images with an object-based digital image analysis (OBIA) and conventional pixel-based approaches. The data used include panchromatic band with1.5m spatial resolution, and multispectral band with6m spatial resolution. The proposed OBIA technique with mean-shift algorithm was functioned to derive a canopy cover variable from the fusion of the panchromatic and multispectral, while the pixel-based vegetation index was used to develop model with an original pixel-size of 6 m. The estimator models were established based on 65 sample plots both measured in the field and images. The study found that the OBIA provides more accurate identification with Kappa Accuracy (KA) of 71% and Overall Accuracy (OA) of 86%. The study concluded that the best stand volume estimation model is the model that developed from the canopy cover (C) derived from OBIA i.e., v = 13.47e<sup>0.032C</sup> with mean deviation of only 0.92%, better than the model derived from conventional pixel-based approach, i.e., v = 0.0000067e<sup>16.48TNDVI</sup> with a mean deviation of 5.37%.