bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Effect of Andrographolide in 3-Nitropropionic Acid Induced Huntington Disease and Associated Neurodegenerative Changes in Rats
Authors: Bhatia Guneet , Kumar Abhitinder , Kaur Narinder , Khan Wasi Uzzaman , Khan Masih Uzzaman , Dhawan Ravi Kumar , Bhatia Nitish 
Published: March 2020

Aims: Oxidative stress and activation of pro-apoptotic mediators have been associated with the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease. Andrographolide (ANDRO) is a well-known antioxidant and inhibitor of pro-apoptotic mediator, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB).
Study Design: The present study was hence designed to evaluate the effect of ANDRO in Huntington’s disease.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, India between March 2018 and July 2018.
Methodology: Five groups (n=6) of Sprague dawley rats were used. Normal group animals were kept untreated. The control group was administered 3-Nitro propionic acid (3-NP) for seven days. The three treament groups received 3-NP followed by ANDRO intraperitoneally for seven days. On 8th day, behavioral and coordination parameters were evaluated using multiple tests. Oxidative stress and anti-oxidant enzyme levels in brain tissue were also evaluated. Brain tissues were also evaluated using Haematoxylin-eosin staining.
Results: Administration of 3-NP resulted in motor incoordination and muscle weakness as indicated by behavioral tests. Biochemically, there was an increase in the oxidative stress and depletion of free radical scavenging. Histopathologically, there was severe neuronal degeneration and neural tissue apoptotic changes in the rat striatum. ANDRO administration resulted in significant decrease in the muscle incoordination in the behavioral tests and also decreased prooxidative biochemical changes. Brain tissues of the ANDRO treated animals showed protection against neuronal damage and neurodegeneration.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the use of ANDRO may afford protection against Huntington’s disease associated muscle incoordination and subsequent neurodegeneration. Present study provides a lead for further investigation of role of NF-kB inhibitors in Huntington’s disease and possible development of low-cost natural medication.
Causes of Hospitalization and Predictors of Mortality among Adult HIV Positive Patients at the Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi
Authors: Echekwube Patrick Ojojarumi , Iwuozo Emmanuel Uzodimma , Sagay Helen 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Africa, opportunistic infections are the leading causes of morbidity among HIV patients and there is need to establish the causes of morbidity and/or mortality among the patients in our environment.
Methods: This was a retrospective study in which the case files of adult HIV positive patients admitted from January 2018 to December 2018 were retrieved. Their socio-demographic profile, HIV stage at admission, outcomes and other relevant information were extracted. The Center for Disease Control staging for HIV was used for the study.
Results: A total of 94 patients were enrolled into the study. At admission, most of the patients, 57(61%) were in CDC Stage B while the remaining patients were in stage C. Pulmonary tuberculosis was responsible for most of the admissions.
The total number of deaths were 27 giving a mortality ratio of 28.7%; 9 (33%) of them were in stage B and the remaining 18 (67%) were in stage C. The predictors of mortality were male sex, short duration of admission, substance use and referral from non-specialist centres.
Conclusion: The major disease cause of morbidity among PLHIV in Makurdi is Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Male sex, substance use, referral from non-specialist centres and short duration of admission were significant predictors of mortality. All stakeholders involved in HIV care should intensify efforts at early HIV diagnosis, scale up HAART where necessary and implement task shifting at non-specialist centres to improve treatment outcomes.
Intermolecular Electrophilic Bromoesterification and Bromoetherification of Unactivated Cyclopropanes
Authors: Leung Vincent Ming‐Yau , Gieuw Matthew H. , Ke Zhihai , Yeung Ying‐Yeung 
Published: March 2020

Abstract1,3‐difunctionalization of cyclopropane is an useful organic transformation. The corresponding 1,3‐difunctionalized products are synthetic synthons and building blocks in many organic syntheses. Many existing ring‐opening difunctionalization methodologies rely primarily on the use of donor−acceptor cyclopropanes, while the difunctionalization of unactivated cyclopropanes is less exploited. In this research, 1,3‐bromoesterification and 1,3‐bromoetherification of unactivated cyclopropanes were successfully achieved using N‐bromosuccinimide as the brominating agent with high yields and regioselectivity.magnified image
Synthesis of [3.4]‐Spirooxindoles through Cascade Carbopalladation of Skipped Dienes
Authors: Azizollahi Hamid , Pérez‐Gómez Marta , Mehta Vaibhav P. , García‐López José‐Antonio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA synthetic route to [3.4]‐spirooxindoles based on cascade carbopalladation reactions of 1,4‐dienes is described. While carbopalladation of alkenes have been used to access mainly [4.4]‐ or [4.5]‐spirocycles, 4‐exo‐trigcarbopalladation has not been yet applied to the synthesis of relevant [3.4]‐spirooxindole scaffolds bearing a cyclobutyl ring. In addition, the cascade reaction generates an exocyclic double bond that can serve as a platform to further diversify the substitution pattern of the spirooxindole nuclei.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanoalkylative Aziridination of N‐Sulfonyl Allylamines
Authors: Ha Tu M. , Guo Weisi , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReaction of N‐arylsulfonyl allylamines with alkyl nitriles in the presence of di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) and a catalytic amount of copper salt afforded homologated aziridines in 43–86% yield. A sequence involving addition of the in situ generated cyanomethyl radical to the double bond followed by a copper‐mediated intramolecular C−N bond formation accounted for the reaction outcome. 2,3‐Disubstituted allylamines were converted to trisubstituted aziridines in a stereoselective manner. Starting from enantioenriched allylamines, chiral aziridines were obtained diastereoselectively.magnified image
Transfer hydrogenation via generation of hydride intermediate and base‐free alcohol oxidation activity studies on designed ruthenium complexes derived from NNN pincer type ligands
Authors: Singh Prasoon Raj , Maji Ankur , Singh Ovender , Singh Udai P. , Ghosh Kaushik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRuthenium complexes(1–3) have been synthesized using pincer‐type ligands L1 = (E)‐2‐((2‐phenyl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)hydrazono)methyl)pyridine, L2 = (E)‐2‐(1‐phenyl‐2‐(1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)pyridine, L3 = (E)‐2‐(phenyl(2‐phenyl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)hydrazono) methyl)pyridine. The molecular structures of all the complexes 1, 2 and 3 were determined by using single crystal X‐ray diffraction. These complexes showed excellent catalytic activities such as transfer hydrogenation and alcohol oxidation. Theoretical calculations have been performed to understand the electronic properties of all the complexes using B3LYP as a function and LANL2DZ as a basis set.
Gas–liquid two‐phase flow characteristics of the jet vortex drainage gas production tool based on computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Liang Huizhen , Miao Wei , Huang Changcheng , Zhao Binjie , Song Hao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study is aimed at the problems of traditional vortex tools in gas wells, including notable pressure losses and short effective distances. An organic combination of jet vortex drainage and gas production tools was designed and installed without additional power equipment. Based on the liquid film force balance model, gas–liquid two‐phase flow and turbulence models of the jet vortex tool were established with UG and Fluent flow simulation software. The gas–liquid mixture was analyzed before and after the jet vortex tool, and the flow trajectory, pressure loss, liquid volume fraction change, and change rate were examined. According to the simulation results, the comprehensive influence of each structural parameter on the effective working distance was optimized, and optimal structural parameters of the jet vortex tool were obtained. The results indicate that the jet vortex tool reduces the critical liquid‐carrying flow rate and pressure loss and increases the axial and initial velocities of the gas and liquid phases, combined with swirl tool distance model, the effective flow distance is increased correspondingly, and the liquid‐carrying capacity of the gas well is improved.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Selenylative Spirocyclization of Indolyl‐ynones toward the Formation of 3‐Selenospiroindolenine Anticancer Agents
Authors: Zhou Xiu‐Jie , Liu Hao‐Yang , Mo Zu‐Yu , Ma Xian‐Li , Chen Yan‐Yan , Tang Hai‐Tao , Pan Ying‐Ming , Xu Yan‐Li 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA metal‐free and efficient visible‐light‐induced spirocyclization of indolyl‐ynones with diselenides at room temperature under air atmosphere to prepare 3‐selenospiroindolenines in moderate to good yields has been developed. The resulting products were tested for in vitro anticancer activity by MTT assay, and compounds 3 c and 3 e showed potent cancer cell‐growth inhibition activities.
Declarative Memory and Structural Language Impairment in Autistic Children and Adolescents
Authors: Anns Sophie , Gaigg Sebastian B. , Hampton James A. , Bowler Dermot M. , Boucher Jill 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo experiments tested the hypothesis that a plausible contributory factor of structural language impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is impaired declarative memory. We hypothesized that familiarity and recollection (subserving semantic and episodic memory, respectively) are both impaired in autistic individuals with clinically significant language impairment and learning disability (ASDLI/LD); whereas recollection is selectively impaired in autistic individuals with typical language (ASDTL). Teenagers with ASDLI/LD (n = 19) and primary school age children with ASDTL (n = 26) were compared with teenagers with learning disability (LD) (n = 26) without autism, and primary school aged typically developing (TD) children (n = 32). Both experiments provided strong support for the hypothesized links between declarative memory processes and lexical‐semantic facets of language in the two autistic groups, but not in the TD group. Additional findings of interest were that declarative memory processes and lexical‐semantic knowledge were also linked in the LD group and that the ASD groups—and to a lesser extent the LD group—may have compensated for declarative memory impairments using spared visual‐perceptual abilities, a finding with potential educational implications. Relative difficulties with familiarity and recollection in ASDLI/LD and LD may help explain structural language impairment, as investigated here, but also the broader learning disabilities found in these populations. Autism Res 2020. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1947‐1958. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryLanguage impairment and learning disability affect 45% of the autistic population yet the factors that may be contributing to them is remarkably under‐researched. To date there are no explanations of the lexical semantic (word meaning) abnormalities observed in ASD. We found that declarative memory is associated with lexical semantic knowledge in autism and learning disability but not in typical development. Difficulties with declarative memory may also be compensated for using visual‐perceptual abilities by autistic and learning‐disabled adolescents, which has positive implications for educationalists.
Effect of mindfulness meditation protocol in subjects with various psychometric characteristics at high altitude
Authors: Bhanushali Disha , Tyagi Rahul , Limaye (Rishi Nityapragya) Nitin , Anand Akshay 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionIncidence of high altitude‐related sickness is increasing due to more number of people visiting the areas of high altitude which may result in life‐threatening conditions including acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), high altitude cerebral edema (HACE), and High‐altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH). We hypothesized that an advanced yoga regimen may be beneficial in dealing with the physiology of acclimatization.MethodsAnthropometric, Biochemical, and Psychological assessments were carried out in 48 participants before and after the advance meditation program (AMP) in the experimental group. Individuals with an age range of 20–65 years with no comorbidities were included in the study. Participants were exposed to AMP for 4 days. All assessments were carried out at the baseline and after the course. Prakriti was constituted for all participants using a standard questionnaire. The study was carried out after obtaining the written informed consent as per the guidelines outlined by the Institute Ethics Committee.ResultsPo2 and glucose levels were found significantly reduced along with changes in the Happiness index, anxiety, and mental well‐being. However, participants with lowered Po2, after 4 days of mindfulness intervention, showed a positive outcome measured by the established scales of anxiety, happiness, and information processing. Psychometric or Prakriti wise analysis revealed that subject with “Pitta” constitution exposed to high altitude and advance meditation showed changes in more parameters than “Vatta” or “Kapha” Constitution.ConclusionsAdvance meditation in the high altitude zone confers biochemical and neuro‐cognitive benefits. Molecular studies may require to understand the role of hypoxic condition in improving the disease state.
Functional informed genome‐wide interaction analysis of body mass index, diabetes and colorectal cancer risk
Authors: Xia Zhiyu , Su Yu‐Ru , Petersen Paneen , Qi Lihong , Kim Andre E. , Figueiredo Jane C. , Lin Yi , Nan Hongmei , Sakoda Lori C. , Albanes Demetrius , Berndt Sonja I. , Bézieau Stéphane , Bien Stephanie , Buchanan Daniel D. , Casey Graham , Chan Andrew T. , Conti David V. , Drew David A. , Gallinger Steven J. , Gauderman W. James , Giles Graham G. , Gruber Stephen B. , Gunter Marc J. , Hoffmeister Michael , Jenkins Mark A. , Joshi Amit D. , Le Marchand Loic , Lewinger Juan P. , Li Li , Lindor Noralane M. , Moreno Victor , Murphy Neil , Nassir Rami , Newcomb Polly A. , Ogino Shuji , Rennert Gad , Song Mingyang , Wang Xiaoliang , Wolk Alicja , Woods Michael O. , Brenner Hermann , White Emily , Slattery Martha L. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Chang‐Claude Jenny , Pharoah Paul D. P. , Hsu Li , Campbell Peter T. , Peters Ulrike 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBody mass index (BMI) and diabetes are established risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC), likely through perturbations in metabolic traits (e.g. insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis). Identification of interactions between variation in genes and these metabolic risk factors may identify novel biologic insights into CRC etiology.MethodsTo improve statistical power and interpretation for gene‐environment interaction (G × E) testing, we tested genetic variants that regulate expression of a gene together for interaction with BMI (kg/m2) and diabetes on CRC risk among 26 017 cases and 20 692 controls. Each variant was weighted based on PrediXcan analysis of gene expression data from colon tissue generated in the Genotype‐Tissue Expression Project for all genes with heritability ≥1%. We used a mixed‐effects model to jointly measure the G × E interaction in a gene by partitioning the interactions into the predicted gene expression levels (fixed effects), and residual G × E effects (random effects). G × BMI analyses were stratified by sex as BMI‐CRC associations differ by sex. We used false discovery rates to account for multiple comparisons and reported all results with FDR <0.2.ResultsAmong 4839 genes tested, genetically predicted expressions of FOXA1 (P = 3.15 × 10−5), PSMC5 (P = 4.51 × 10−4) and CD33 (P = 2.71 × 10−4) modified the association of BMI on CRC risk for men; KIAA0753 (P = 2.29 × 10−5) and SCN1B (P = 2.76 × 10−4) modified the association of BMI on CRC risk for women; and PTPN2 modified the association between diabetes and CRC risk in both sexes (P = 2.31 × 10−5).ConclusionsAggregating G × E interactions and incorporating functional information, we discovered novel genes that may interact with BMI and diabetes on CRC risk.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene amplification and protein expression in human lung cancer
Authors: Elakad Omar , Lois Anna‐Maria , Schmitz Katja , Yao Sha , Hugo Sara , Lukat Laura , Hinterthaner Marc , Danner Bernhard C. , von Hammerstein‐Equord Alexander , Reuter‐Jessen Kirsten , Schildhaus Hans‐Ulrich , Ströbel Philipp , Bohnenberger Hanibal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTargeting fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a potential treatment for squamous cell lung cancer (SQCLC). So far, treatment decision in clinical studies is based on gene amplification. However, only a minority of patients have shown durable response. Furthermore, former studies have revealed contrasting results regarding the impact of FGFR1 amplification and expression on patient's prognosis.AimsHere, we analyzed prevalence and correlation of FGFR1 gene amplification and protein expression in human lung cancer and their impact on overall survival.Materials & MethodsFGFR1 gene amplification and protein expression were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 208 SQCLC and 45 small cell lung cancers (SCLC). Furthermore, FGFR1 protein expression was analyzed in 121 pulmonary adenocarcinomas (ACs). Amplification and expression were correlated to each other, clinicopathological characteristics, and overall survival.ResultsFGFR1 was amplified in 23% of SQCLC and 8% of SCLC. Amplification was correlated to males (P = .027) but not to overall survival. Specificity of immunostaining was verified by cellular CRISPR/Cas9 FGFR1 knockout. FGFR1 was strongly expressed in 9% of SQCLC, 35% of AC, and 4% of SCLC. Expression was correlated to females (P = .0187) and to the absence of lymph node metastasis in SQCLC (P = .018) with no significant correlation to overall survival. Interestingly, no significant correlation between amplification and expression was detected.DiscussionFGFR1 gene amplification does not seem to correlate to protein expression.ConclusionWe believe that patient selection for FGFR1 inhibitors in clinical studies should be reconsidered. Neither FGFR1 amplification nor expression influences patient's prognosis.
Mitochondrial apoptosis and curtailment of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α/fatty acid synthase: A dual edge perspective of gamma linolenic acid in ER+ mammary gland cancer
Authors: Roy Subhadeep , Singh Manjari , Rawat Atul , Kumar Dinesh , Kaithwas Gaurav 
Published: March 2020

Gamma linolenic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid having selective anti‐tumour properties with negligible systemic toxicity. In the present study, the anti‐cancer potential of gamma linolenic acid and its effects on mitochondrial as well as hypoxia‐associated marker was evaluated. The effect of gamma linolenic acid was scrutinised against ER + MCF‐7 cells by using fluorescence microscopy, JC‐1 staining, dot plot assay and cell cycle analysis. The in vitro results were also confirmed using carcinogen (n‐methyl‐n‐nitrosourea) induced in vivo model. The early and late apoptotic signals in the conjugation with mitochondrial depolarisation were found once scrutinised through mitochondrial membrane potential and life death staining after gamma linolenic acid treatment. Gamma linolenic acid arrested the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase with the majority of cell populations in the early apoptotic stage. The translocation of phosphatidylserine was studied through annexin‐V FITC dot plot assay. The markers of cellular proliferation (decreased alveolar bud count, histopathological architecture restoration and loss of tumour micro‐vessels) were diminished after gamma linolenic acid treatment. Gamma linolenic acid ameliorates the biological effects of n‐methyl‐n‐nitrosourea persuading the mitochondrial mediated death pathway and impeding the hypoxic microenvironment to make a halt in palmitic acid synthesis.SignificanceThe present study elaborates the effect of gamma linolenic acid on mammary gland cancer by following mitochondrial‐mediated death apoptosis pathway. Gamma linolenic acid also inhibits cell‐wall synthesis by the curtailment of HIF‐1α and FASN level in mammary gland cancer.
In silico analysis of DYNLL1 expression in ovarian cancer chemoresistance
Authors: Berkel Caglar , Cacan Ercan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer and chemoresistance is responsible for the treatment failure and unfavorable clinical outcome in this disease. The deletion of DYNLL1 was reported to result in increased chemoresistance in BRCA1‐mutant high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma cells. Considering its role in chemoresistance, a better understanding of DYNLL1 expression is needed to develop novel strategies in the treatment of OC. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the differential expression of DYNLL1 in OC with respect to cell types, chemosensitivity profiles, certain drug treatments, and cancer progression. DYNLL1 levels were analyzed using expression profiling data sets from Gene Expression Omnibus and quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction in R. We found that the level of DYNLL1 was higher in OC histotypes compared with normal ovarian cells. DYNLL1 expression is decreased in OC cells of epithelial type; but, it is increased in OC cells of stromal type, compared with matched control cells. Chemoresistant OC cells were shown to have lower DYNLL1 expression than chemosensitive OC cells. Carboplatin and NSC319726 treatments resulted in slightly decreased DYNLL1 expression and DYNLL1 levels were decreased in the course of cancer progression in OC epithelial cells. The results suggest that changes in DYNLL1 expression in OC might be cell‐type dependent and lower DYNLL1 levels may be associated with increased chemoresistance in OC. Although further studies are needed, certain drugs and cancer progression may lead to lower DYNLL1 levels, possibly resulting in increased chemoresistance. Therefore, it can be stated that DYNLL1 might be an important player in OC progression and chemoresistance.