bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications in an adult population: A comparison of various shunt designs to prevent overdrainage
Authors: Desai Virendra Rajendrakumar , Sadrameli Saeed Sam , Jenson Amanda V. , Asante Samuel K. , Daniels Bradley , Trask Todd W. , Britz Gavin 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Overdrainage after cerebrospinal fluid diversion remains a significant morbidity. The hydrostatic, gravitational force in the upright position can aggravate this. Siphon control (SC) mechanisms, as well as programmable and flow regulating devices, were developed to counteract this. However, limited studies have evaluated their safety and efficacy. In this study, direct comparisons of the complication rates between siphon control (SC) and non-SC (NSC), fixed versus programmable, and flow- versus pressure regulating valves are undertaken.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed over all shunt implantations from January 2011 to December 2016 within the Houston Methodist Hospital system. Complication rates within 6 months of the operative date, including infection, subdural hematoma, malfunction, and any other shunt-related complication, were analyzed via Fisher’s exact test, with P < 0.05 regarded as significant. Subgroup analyses based on diagnoses – normal pressure hydrocephalus (HCP), pseudotumor cerebri, or other HCP – were also performed.

Results:
The overall shunt-related complication rate in this study was 19%. Overall rates of infection, shunt failure, and readmission within 180 days were 3%, 11%, and 34%, respectively. No difference was seen between SC and NSC groups in any complication rate overall or on subgroup analyses. When comparing fixed versus programmable and flow- versus pressure-regulating valves, the latter in each analysis had significantly lower malfunction and total complication rates.

Conclusions:
Programmable and pressure regulating devices may lead to lower shunt malfunction and total complication rates. Proper patient selection should guide valve choice. Future prospective studies may further elucidate the difference in complication rates between these various shunt designs.
Aneurysmal bone cyst of thoracic spine with neurological deficit and its recurrence treated with multimodal intervention – A case report
Authors: Kumar B. Yogesh , Thirumal R. , Chander S. G. 
Published: September 2020

Background:Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are rare, representing about 1% of primary bone tumors, and 15% of all primary spine/sacral tumors. Notably, when they are located in poorly accessible regions such as the spine and pelvis, their management may be challenging. Treatment options include selective arterial embolization (SAE), curettage,en blocexcision with reconstruction, and radiotherapy.Case Description:A 16-year-old male presented with 2 months of mid back pain, left-sided thoracic radiculopathy, and left lower limb weakness (MRC – 3/5). MR imaging revealed an expansile, lytic lesion involving the T9 vertebral body, and the left-sided posterior elements resulting in cord compression. He underwent SAE followed by intralesional excision, bone grafting, and a cage – instrumented fusion. ABC was diagnosed from the biopsy sample. Postoperatively, the pain was reduced, and he was neurologically intact. Five months later, he presented with a new lesion that was treated with repeated SAE and three doses of zoledronic acid. At the end of 2 years, the subsequent, MRI and CT studies documented new bone formation in the lytic areas, with healing of lesion; additionally, he clinically demonstrated sustained pain relief.Conclusion:Here, we emphasized the importance of surgery for patients with ABC who develop focal neurological deficits. Treatment options should include SAE with bisphosphonate therapy for lesions that recur without neurological involvement.
Intramedullary spinal cord cavernous malformations in the pediatric population
Authors: Fiani Brian , Reardon Taylor , Jenkins Ryne , Covarrubias Claudia , Sekhon Manraj , Soula Marisol , Kortz Michael 
Published: September 2020

Background:Intramedullary spinal cavernous malformations (ISCM) account for just 1% of all intramedullary pediatric spinal cord lesions. Pathologically, they are well-circumscribed vascular malformations that typically appear dark blue or reddish-brown, often coming to the spinal cord surface. With regard to the histopathology findings, ISCMs are comprised sinusoidal vascular spaces lined by a single layer of endothelial cells within a loose connective tissue stroma. As these lesions are often misdiagnosed in the pediatric population, appropriate treatment may be unduly delayed.Methods:The authors performed an extensive review of the published literature (PubMed) focusing on ISCM in the pediatric age group.Results:The search yielded 17 articles exclusively pertaining to ISCM affecting the pediatric population.Conclusion:Here, we reviewed the clinical, radiographic, surgical, and outcome data for the treatment of ISCM in the pediatric age groups. Notably, over 50% of pediatric patients with ISCM experienced an improvement in their neurological status after a mean postoperative follow-up duration of 4 years. Future meta-analyses are needed to highlight the potential presence of ISCM and, thereby, decrease the rate of misdiagnosis of these lesions in the pediatric population presenting with recurrent intramedullary spinal cord hemorrhages.
Unilateral blindness following superior laryngeal nerve block for awake tracheal intubation in a case of posterior cervical spine surgery
Authors: Akhaddar Ali , Baallal Hassan , Hammoune Nabil , Bouabbadi Salaheddine , Adraoui Amine , Belfquih Hatim 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Superior laryngeal nerve block (SUPLANEB) is a popular airway anesthesia technique utilized for successful awake endotracheal intubation in patients with significant cervical spine instability. If not performed by an expert, it carries the risk of general/neurologic complications that are typically minimal/transient. However, permanent blindness and/or upper cranial nerve neuropathies may occur. Here, we describe a case in which a young patient underwent an atlantoaxial fusion for a C2 nonunion (e.g., following a fracture) complicated by unilateral blindness due to a SUPLANEB.

Case Description:
A 25-year-old neurologically intact male underwent a C1-C2 posterior arthrodesis to address a nonunion of a C2 fracture. To perform the awake nasotracheal intubation, a SUPLANEB was performed using a video laryngoscope. Although the operation was uneventful, postoperatively, the patient reported left visual loss accompanied by left-sided facial numbness and hearing loss. On examination of the left eye, the anterior segment and fundus examinations were normal, but the OCT (optical coherence tomography) and retinal angiography demonstrated left-sided postischemic retinal edema with permeability of the intraocular vessels. Although the cranio-orbital computed tomography scan showed only mild pneumocephalus, the CT angiogram scan revealed abnormal air in the left carotid sheath accompanied by diffuse subcutaneous emphysema. Further, brain and orbital magnetic resonance imaging scans were normal. The patient was treated with pure oxygen, systemic steroid therapy, and nimodipine. The pneumocephalus and subcutaneous emphysema resolved on day 3. At 2 months follow-up, the patient remained blind on the left side, but had no further neurological deficits.

Conclusion:
Blindness and upper cranial nerves neuropathies should be considered as potential complications of SUPLANEB. Notably, these deficits were not directly related to the operative positioning or neurosurgical spinal procedure.
Does surgical decompression alleviate neglected cauda equina syndromes attributed to lumbar disc herniation and/or degenerative canal stenosis?
Authors: Sath Sulaiman 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Most studies recommend urgent decompression (e.g., within 48–72 h) of the symptomatic onset of a cauda equina syndrome. As patients in our area typically underwent >3 months delayed surgery for cauda equina syndromes due to disc disease/stenosis, we asked whether surgery was still worthwhile.

Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of 12 patients (2012–2018) who underwent delayed surgical decompression for cauda equina syndromes secondary to lumbar disc herniations and/or degenerative lumbar canal stenosis.

Results:
After a mean postoperative duration of 8.22 months, nine patients experienced the complete restoration of bladder status; two patients required intermittent self-catheterization, while one patient had some residual symptoms (e.g., urgency but able to void with some difficulty).

Conclusion:
For 12 patients who originally presented with cauda equina syndrome with complete incontinence, nine exhibited delayed full recovery of bladder function with average of 8.22 months postoperatively. We would, therefore, advise that delayed surgical decompression be offered to these patients, irrespective of the preoperative duration of cauda equina syndromes with complete incontinence.
Metastatic epidural spinal column compression due to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma causing subacute Cauda equina syndrome: A case report
Authors: Diaz-Aguilar Luis , Khan Usman , Sahyouni Ronald , Brown Nolan James , Olson Scott , Osorio Joseph Anthony 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic malignancy, which rarely metastasizes to the spine.

Case Description:
Here, we present a lytic lumbar metastatic PDAC resulting in severe epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) with instability. The lesion required preoperative particle embolization, surgical decompression, and fusion.

Conclusion:
This case report shows that PDAC may metastasize to the lumbar spine requiring routine decompression with fusion.
REPRESENTASI MASKULINITAS DALAM MUSEUM IBU (MASCULINITY REPRESENTATION ON MUSEUM IBU)
Authors: Nurfaidah Resti 
Published: September 2020

Museum Ibu was an antology of Gusti Trisno’s short stories. It consisted of few showcases of adult female representations on different spots from male gaze of I (male) or other male characters. This paper was written to explore adult female representations from male gaze. The purpose was to reveal the representation of adult female characters, both as mothers or alternative mothers, based on male gaze of I or other male characters. The exploration was based on culture studies that used many concept: Freud’s oedipal, Beynon masculinity, Lakoff and Johnson’s metaphoric. Method which was used: comparative descriptive analysis towards metaphorical data on Museum Ibu. The result revealed that I and other male characters found on the data were representation of oedipal men. They had highly dependence to the surroundings adult female charactershiding from their lack of parts of their own masculinity.Museum Ibu merupakan buku kumpulan cerpen karya Gusti Trisno yang terdiri atas beberapa etalase penggambaran sosok perempuan dewasa dalam kedudukan yang berbeda dari sudut pandang maskulin (male gaze). Penelusuran tentang sosok ibu tersebut dilakukan dengan cara pandang culture studies dengan menggunakan beberapa konsep gender, terutama maskulinitas dari Beynon dan beberapa pakar lain untuk menelaah bagaimana aspek gender berperanan penting dalam kehidupan tokoh maskulin yang membakukan pandangan bawah sadarnya pada sosok perempuan dewasa di sekitarnya. Analisis tentang konflik gender dilakukan pada data-data metaforis pada sumber data secara konseptual khas Lakoff dan Johnson. Metode penelitian yang digunakan di dalam makalah ini adalah analisis deskriptif melalui tahapan kepustakaan dan wawancara dengan penulis. Kesimpulan sementara dari penelitian ini adalah tokoh aku dan tokoh maskulin yang terdapat dalam sumber data tersebut merupakan representasi laki-laki oidipal yang sangat bergantung pada lindungan dan kehadiran perempuan-perempuan dewasa di sekitarnya untuk menutupi kelemahan maskulinitas yang ada dalam dirinya.
EKRANISASI NOVEL KE FILM SURGA YANG TAK DIRINDUKAN 2 DENGAN KAJIAN INTERTEKS
Authors: Fadilla Siti , Juned Sulaiman , Nursyirwan Nursyirwan 
Published: September 2020

This research to describe and discuss the changes and processes intertext fundamental ekranisasi of the novel to film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2. The adaptation of the novel to the film raises some significant changes. The results of the author's interpretation of the novel with Director resulted in a difference in the way the different point of view. The process of ekranisasi the novel to film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2 seen aspect of penciutan, additions, and changes. With plots, characters, and the setting in the novel to the film. The method of this research is qualitative deskriprif. The research in the form of the novel and film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2. The results of this study indicate that the change of character, plot, and background covering shrinkage, addition and change varies. The process of change is the result of the novel accranation to the movie Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan membahas perubahan interteks yang mendasar dari novel ke film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2. Adaptasi novel ke film menimbulkan beberapa perubahan yang signifikan. Hasil interpretasi penulis novel dengan sutradara mengakibatkan perbedaan cara pandang yang berbeda. Proses ekranisasi novel ke film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2 dilihat dari aspek penciutan, penambahan, serta perubahan bervariasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menganalisis melalui studi kepustakaan. Data Penelitian ini berupa novel dan film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan mengindentifikasi dan menemukan data yang meliputi unsur intrinsik pada novel dan film. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, bahwa adanya perubahan tokoh, alur, dan latar yang meliputi penciutan, penambahan serta perubahan bervariasi. Proses perubahan tersebut akibat dari ekranisasi novel ke film Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan 2.
KAUM SUBALTERN DALAM NOVEL-NOVEL KARYA SOERATMAN SASTRADIHARDJA: SEBUAH KAJIAN SASTRA POSKOLONIAL (SUBALTERN IN NOVELS BY SOERATMAN SASTRADIHARDJA: A POST-COLONIAL LITERATURE STUDY)
Authors: Lestari Winda Dwi , Suwandi Sarwiji , Rohmadi Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

The research is originally inspired by the problem occurring on colonial era in Indonesia, especially Java area, which remains social strata differences problem in society i.e. native and colonial. Colonial creates hegemony which makes the native and the exile or known as subaltern. Colonizer portrays an ideology as if it takes side of the native. In contrarily it is as a mean to gain profit for the colonial. The research is based on theory developed by GayatriSpivak who proposes that the subaltern victims are mostly women. The research aims to describe how subaltern effort, especially women, in striving against colonizer oppression and also their culture i.e. Javanese culture. The method used in the research is descriptive method and content analysis technique. The result indicates that female character becomes subaltern as a result of marginalization, labeling, social status discrimination and applied customary law bond. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh permasalahan yang terjadi pada zaman penjajahan kolonial di Indonesia khususnya di daerah Jawa, yang meninggakan permasalahan adanya pembedaan strata sosial dalam masyarakat yaitu kaum pribumi dan kaum penjajah. Kaum penjajah menciptakan hegemoni yang membuat kaum pribumi seolah-olah hanya sebagai pengikut dan kaum buangan yang lebih di kena dengan kaum subaltern. Penjajah menanamkan ideologi yang seolah-olah berpihak kepada pribumi namun sebaliknya hal itu hanya sebagai sarana agar lebih menguntungkan penjajah. Penelitian ini berdasar pada teori yang dikembangkan oleh Gayatri Spivak yang menyatakan bahwa kaum subaltern yang banyak menjadi korban adalah perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskribsikan bagaimana upaya kaum subaltern khususnya perempuan dalam melawan ketertindasan dari penjajah dan juga budayanya sendiri yaitu budaya Jawa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan teknik analisis isi (content analysis). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa tokoh perempuan menjadi subaltern karena temarginalisasi, mendapat pelabelan, dimiskinkan secara status sosial dan ikatan hukum adat yang berlaku.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM BUKU PANDANGAN ORANG MELAYU TERHADAP ANAK KARYA TENAS EFFENDY (CONCEPT OF CHARACTER BUILDING IN THE BOOK PANDANGAN ORANG MELAYU TERHADAP ANAK BY TENAS EFFENDY)
Authors: Sabakti Sri 
Published: September 2020

This study aims to reveal and describe concept of character building in Riau Malay community. The problem that will be studied is what character building contained in the book Pandangan Orang Melayu terhadap Anak (Malay View of Children) and how the character education is related to the sociocultural life of the Riau Malay community. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with descriptive approach. The qualitative method is carried out by interpreting the text and presenting it in the form of a description. The quality of interpretation in qualitative methods is associated with the nature of social facts. Therefore, this study also uses the sociology of literature theory. The source of the data in this study is the book of Pandangan Orang Melayu terhadap Anak (Malay Views on Children). The result shows that the concept of character building in Riau Malay culture does not only teach character to children but also to parents towards children. Based on the sociology of literature approach, it can also be seen that character building for children in Riau Malay culture is closely related to customs and culture characterized by Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap dan mendeskripsikan konsep pendidikan karakter pada masyarakat Melayu Riau. Masalah yang akan diteliti adalah pendidikan karakter apa saja yang terdapat dalam buku Pandangan Orang Melayu terhadap Anak dan bagaimana kaitan pendidikan karakter yang tergambarkan dalam buku tersebut dengan kehidupan sosiobudaya masyarakat Melayu Riau. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Metode kualitatif dilakukan dengan cara penafsirkan teks dan menyajikannya dalam bentuk deskripsi. Kualitas penafsiran dalam metode kualitatif dikaitkan dengan hakikat fakta-fakta sosial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan teori sosiologi sastra. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah buku Pandangan Orang Melayu terhadap Anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep pendidikan karakter dalam budaya Melayu Riau tidak hanya mengajarkan budi pekerti kepada anak, tetapi juga mengajarkan budi pekerti kepada orang tua terhadap anak. Berdasarkan pendekatan sosiologi sastra juga dapat diketahui bahwa pendidikan karakter kepada anak dalam budaya Melayu Riau berkaitan erat dengan adat dan budaya yang bercirikan Islam.
MEDAN MAKNA PEMBENTUK METAFORA DALAM SYAIR ARAB
Authors: Arianto Ahmad Khoironi 
Published: September 2020

This paper examines metaphorical figurative language in Arabic poetry books. The data used is taken from the Diwan Imam Syafi'iy book. The book contains one hundred and thirty poems. Most of them portray moral issues, advice and reflection on the community situation at that time. The poems also use a lot of figurative language, one of them is metaphor. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method that includes three stages, that are data collection, data analysis, and presentation of the results of data analysis. Data collection is conducted by recording the metaphors contained in the book of Diwan Imam Syafi’iy. Analyzing the data is conducted by classifying the type of metaphor, and presenting the data is conducted by writing metaphorical findings into the paper. The research technique is performed by describing three elements forming metaphor according to Taylor, as tenor, vehicle, and ground. The meaning field refers to a comparison as a figurative, while comparability is the object described. Comparators are classified into nine types of comparison by Haley. Based on a review of the book Diwan Imam Syafi`i, seven types of metaphor comparison are found, as being, cosmos, energy, terrestrial, object, living, and animate.Tulisan ini mengkaji gaya bahasa kiasan metafora dalam buku syair berbahasa Arab. Data yang digunakan diambil dari buku syair Diwan Imam Syafi`iy. Buku itu memuat seratus tiga puluh syair yang sebagian besar memotret soal moral dan nasihat serta refleksi dari keadaan masyarakat pada saat itu. Di dalam syair-syair tersebut banyak digunakan bahasa kiasan, metafora salah satunya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yang mencakup tiga tahapan, yaitu pengumpulan data, penganalisisan data, dan presentasi hasil analisis data. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mencatat metafora yang terkandung dalam buku syair Diwan Imam Syafi`iy. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengklasifikasikan jenis metafora dan mempresentasikan temuan-temuan metafora ke dalam makalah. Teknik penelitian dilakukan dengan menguraikan tiga elemen pembentuk metafora menurut Taylor, yaitu pebanding, pembanding, dan persamaan keduanya. Medan makna mengacu pada pembanding yang menjadi kiasan, sedangkan pebanding adalah objek yang dideskripsikan. Pembanding diklasifikasi berdasarkan sembilan jenis pembanding Haley. Berdasarkan tinjauan terhadap buku syair Diwan Imam Syafi`iy, ditemukan tujuh jenis pembanding metafora, yaitu being, cosmos, energy, terrestrial, object, living, dan animate.