bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal analysis of friction stir processing (FSP) using arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) meshing techniques
Authors: Meyghani B. , Awang M.B. , Wu C.S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFriction stir processing (FSP), a derivation of friction stir welding (FSW) is a material processing method which is used to locally modify the microstructure and texture of a given material. In friction stir processing (FSP), the heat produced by the frictional force and material deformation plays a significant role in producing a good surface quality. Therefore, the thermal modeling of friction stir processing (FSP) requires accurate boundary conditions and an appropriate mesh modelling technique. In this study, the thermal behavior of friction stir processing (FSP) using the aluminum alloy 6061‐T6 for different process parameters is investigated. To solve complicated governing equations, two finite element formulations have been utilized; i. e. an arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) and a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). For the arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE), a three‐dimensional (3D) fully coupled thermomechanical finite element model using a modified Coulomb friction and Johnson‐Cook material law has been used. The results show that, the temperature behavior is asymmetrical in the cross section and the peak temperature is approximately around 60 %–80 % of the melting temperature of the AA6061‐T6. Moreover, it is seen that as the rotating velocity increases, the peak temperature is also increased; and the peak temperature decreases as the transverse speed increases. Finally, a good correlation between the calculated values and the literature is found.
Reverse reconstruction of surface topography from residual stress after chip‐forming machining of the material
Authors: Valíček J. , Harničárová M. , Kušnerová M. , Šajgalík M. , Kmec J. , Kopal I. , Panda A. , Palková Z. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResidual stress is induced in the sample of a material stressed by external forces (tension, pressure, thermal stress, etc.) from the beginning of the stress. An instantaneous level is a function of the intensity of the external deformation work, the time and speed of the deformation, and the degree of immediate surface and volume deformation. It is proportional to the individual deformation limits, i. e., the elastic limit, yield point, flexural strength and breach limit; the maximum is reached at the level of the breach limit. Furthermore, it is dependent on the physical‐mechanical properties of the material and on the method, i. e., the technology of straining, or machining. The same applies to the roughness distribution and other topographical features on the machined surface. The tension that has not been exhausted is partly returned to the volume of the sample and partly acts in contact with space, within a certain distance and time. This paper aims to present a reverse reconstruction of the surface topography from residual stresses after chip‐forming machining of the material. Our original approach to the solution fully exploits the rules of roughness distribution and other topographic features of the surfaces of the given materials after machining, not only by chip‐forming machining.
Evaluation of electrochemical properties of antibacterial ZnO layers deposited to 316LVM steel using atomic layer deposition
Authors: Basiaga M. , Walke W. , Antonowicz M. , Szindler M. , Nakonieczny D. , Kajzer W. , Dubiel A. , Matus K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe presence of a biofilm can lead to the disappearance of the surrounding bone tissue and, as a result, disturb the osseointegration process. Unfortunately, both in the case of instability of the implant and long‐term bacterial infections, there is often a need for reoperation as well as replacement of the implant, which in turn is associated with huge costs, but most of all discomfort for the patient associated with long‐term hospitalization. In order to limit this unfavorable process, the physicochemical properties of the surface layer of implants are indicated. Therefore, the paper proposes applying a layer with antibacterial effect on the surface of 316LVM steel used in bone surgery. As part of the work, the ZnO layer was applied using the atomic layer deposition method with different parameters of the application process (different number of cycles at constant temperature). In the first stage, pitting corrosion resistance tests were carried out using the potentiodynamic method and studies using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The surface morphology tests using a scanning electron microscope were also complemented. Obtained results may form the basis for the development of more detailed criteria for the assessment of the final quality of medical devices used in the skeletal system.
Electrophysiological features: The next precise step for SCN2A developmental epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Miao Pu , Tang Siyang , Ye Jia , Wang Jianda , Lou Yuting , Zhang Bijun , Xu Xiaoxiao , Chen Xiaoquan , Li Yuezhou , Feng Jianhua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the relationships among phenotypes, genotypes, and funotypes of SCN2A‐related developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE).MethodsWe enrolled five DEE patients with five de novo variants of the SCN2A. Functional analysis and pharmacological features of Nav1.2 channel protein expressed in HEK293T cells were characterized by whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording.ResultsThe phenotypes of c.4712T>C(p. I1571T), c.2995G>A(p.E999K), and c.4015A>G(p. N1339D) variants showed similar characteristics, including early seizure onset with severe to profound intellectual disability. Electrophysiological recordings revealed a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of the activation curve and smaller recovery time constants of fast‐inactivation than in wild type, indicating a prominent gain of function (GOF). Moreover, pharmacological electrophysiology showed that phenytoin inhibited over a 70% peak current and was more effective than oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine. In contrast, c.4972C>T (p.P1658S) and c.5317G>A (p.A1773T) led to loss of function (LOF) changes, showing reduced current density and enhanced fast inactivation. Both showed seizure onset after 3 months of age with moderate development delay. Interestingly, we discovered that choreoathetosis was a specific phenotype feature.ConclusionThese findings provided the insights into the phenotype–genotype–funotype relationships of SCN2A‐related DEE. The preliminary evaluation using the distinct hints of GOF and LOF helped plan the treatment, and the next precise step should be electrophysiological study.
Coexistence of urogenital malformations in a female fetus with de novo 15q24 microdeletion and a literature review
Authors: Liu Yaobin , Mapow Beth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground15q24 microdeletion is a relatively new syndrome caused by nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between low‐copy repeats (LCRs) in the 15q24 chromosome region. This syndrome is characterized by a spectrum of clinical symptoms including global developmental delay, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphisms, and congenital malformations of the extremities, eye, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, and genitalia.MethodMolecular cytogenetic analysis was performed using whole genome single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis. Autopsy examination including gross and microscopic examination were performed. In addition, a thorough review of the literature on 15q24 microdeletion was completed and summarized in table format.ResultMolecular cytogenetic analysis revealed a 3.88 MB interstitial deletion within 15q24.1 to 15q24.3 (74,353,735–78,228,485 bp) in our case. Autopsy examination showed congenital malformations within the genitourinary system and genitalia, including left kidney agenesis and uterus didelphys. After thorough literature review, we found a series of midline defects associated with 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.ConclusionWe report the first case of coexistence of urogenital abnormalities, including left kidney agenesis and uterus didelphys, with 15q24 microdeletion syndrome, which is also associated with midline defects secondary to abnormal development. Since 15q24 microdeletion syndrome is a relatively new entity, fully characterizing its variation and severity requires additional examination of the genetics, molecular profile and structural and functional abnormalities in affected patients. Due to the limited data in the literature, statistical analysis of abnormalities in each organ system is not possible. However, we can predict that novel genetic pathways involving cell migration, adhesion, apoptosis, and embryo development might be discovered with the advanced study of 15q24 microdeletion syndrome.
A framework for data‐driven structural analysis in general elasticity based on nonlinear optimization: The dynamic case
Authors: Gebhardt Cristian Guillermo , Steinbach Marc Christian , Schillinger Dominik , Rolfes Raimund 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn this article, we present an extension of the formulation recently developed by the authors to the structural dynamics setting. Inspired by a structure‐preserving family of variational integrators, our new formulation relies on a discrete balance equation that establishes the dynamic equilibrium. From this point of departure, we first derive an “exact” discrete‐continuous nonlinear optimization problem that works directly with data sets. We then develop this formulation further into an “approximate” nonlinear optimization problem that relies on a general constitutive model. This underlying model can be identified from a data set in an offline phase. To showcase the advantages of our framework, we specialize our methodology to the case of a geometrically exact beam formulation that makes use of all elements of our approach. We investigate three numerical examples of increasing difficulty that demonstrate the excellent computational behavior of the proposed framework and motivate future research in this direction.
Nintedanib and ischemic colitis: Signal assessment with the integrated use of two types of real‐world evidence, spontaneous reports of suspected adverse drug reactions, and observational data from large health‐care databases
Authors: Chandler Rebecca E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeStatistical screening of Vigibase, the global database of individual case safety reports, highlighted an association between the MedDRA Preferred Term (PT) “colitis” and nintedanib. Nintedanib is a protein kinase inhibitor authorized in accelerated regulatory procedures for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The aim of this report is to describe the integration of two types of real‐world evidence, spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions (ADR), and observational health data (OHD) in the assessment of a post‐authorization safety signal of ischemic colitis.MethodsAssessment of the statistical signal of “nintedanib – colitis” was undertaken using data from VigiBase, OHD from the Observational Heath Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) collaborative, published literature, and openly available regulatory documents. Evidence synthesis was performed to support Bradford Hill criteria in causality assessment.ResultsEvidence for strength of association, specificity, consistency, and analogy was found upon review of the case series. OHD was used to calculate incidence rates of colitis in new users of nintedanib across multiple populations, supportive of consistency, and further evidence for strength of association. Literature review identified support for biological plausibility and analogy. Signal assessment was supplemented with characterization of real‐world users and exploration of potential risk factors using OHD.ConclusionsAn integrated approach using two forms of real‐world data, spontaneous reports of ADRs and data from observational databases allowed a comprehensive and efficient signal assessment of nintedanib and colitis. Further exploration of the complementary use of real‐time OHD in signal assessment could inform more efficient approaches to current signal management practices.
An overview of biological applications and fundamentals of newinletandvacuumionization technologies
Authors: Trimpin Sarah , Marshall Darrell D. , Karki Santosh , Madarshahian Sara , Hoang Khoa , Meher Anil K. , Pophristic Milan , Richards Alicia L. , Lietz Christopher B. , Fischer Joshua L. , Elia Efstathios A. , Wang Beixi , Pagnotti Vincent S. , Lutomski Corinne A. , El‐Baba Tarick J. , Lu I‐Chung , Wager‐Miller James , Mackie Ken , McEwen Charles N. , Inutan Ellen D. 
Published: May 2020

RationaleThe developments of new ionization technologies based on processes previously unknown to mass spectrometry (MS) have gained significant momentum. Herein we address the importance of understanding these unique ionization processes, demonstrate the new capabilities currently unmet by other methods, and outline their considerable analytical potential.MethodsTheinletandvacuumionization methods of solvent‐assisted ionization (SAI), matrix‐assisted ionization (MAI), and laserspray ionization can be used with commercial and dedicated ion sources producing ions from atmospheric or vacuum conditions for analyses of a variety of materials including drugs, lipids, and proteins introduced from well plates, pipet tips and plate surfaces with and without a laser using solid or solvent matrices. Mass spectrometers from various vendors are employed.ResultsResults are presented highlighting strengths relative to ionization methods of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization. We demonstrate the utility of multi‐ionization platforms encompassing MAI, SAI, and ESI and enabling detection of what otherwise is missed, especially when directly analyzing mixtures. Unmatched robustness is achieved with dedicated vacuum MAI sources with mechanical introduction of the sample to the sub‐atmospheric pressure (vacuumMAI). Simplicity and use of a wide array of matrices are attained using a conduit (inletionization), preferably heated, with sample introduction from atmospheric pressure. Tissue, whole blood, urine (including mouse, chicken, and human origin), bacteria strains and chemical on‐probe reactions are analyzed directly and, especially in the case ofvacuumionization, without concern of carryover or instrument contamination.ConclusionsExamples are provided highlighting the exceptional analytical capabilities associated with the novel ionization processes in MS that reduce operational complexity while increasing speed and robustness, achieving mass spectra with low background for improved sensitivity, suggesting the potential of this simple ionization technology to drive MS into areas currently underserved, such as clinical and medical applications.
Mass Transport Determined Silica Nanowires Growth on Spherical Photonic Crystals with Nanostructure‐Enabled Functionalities
Authors: Wang Juan , Westerbeek Eiko Y. , van den Berg Albert , Segerink Loes I. , Shui Lingling , Eijkel Jan C. T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA robust and facile method has been developed to obtain directional growth of silica nanowires (SiO2NWs) by regulating mass transport of silicon monoxide (SiO) vapor. SiO2NWs are grown by vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) process on a surface of gold‐covered spherical photonic crystals (SPCs) annealed at high temperature in an inert gas atmosphere in the vicinity of a SiO source. The SPCs are prepared from droplet confined colloidal self‐assembly. SiO2NW morphology is governed by diffusion‐reaction process of SiO vapor, whereby directional growth of SiO2NWs toward the low SiO concentration is obtained at locations with a high SiO concentration gradient, while random growth is observed at locations with a low SiO concentration gradient. Growth of NWs parallel to the supporting substrate surface is of great importance for various applications, and this is the first demonstration of surface‐parallel growth by controlling mass transport. This controllable NW morphology enables production of SPCs covered with a large number of NWs, showing multilevel micro‐nano feature and high specific surface area for potential applications in superwetting surfaces, oil/water separation, microreactors, and scaffolds. In addition, the controllable photonic stop band properties of this hybrid structure of SPCs enable the potential applications in photocatalysis, sensing, and light harvesting.
Advanced FE modeling supported by monitoring toward management of large civil infrastructures: The case study of Lezíria Bridge
Authors: Sousa Helder 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe knowledge on the effective long‐term behavior of large civil infrastructures, for example, bridges, is becoming highly desired by owners and concessionaires. Based on the case of the Lezíria Bridge in Portugal, one of the most comprehensive case studies available in the literature, a set of good practices to achieve reliable assessments on the long‐term behavior is outlined. Spanning the construction phase, the loading test (at the end of construction) and the operation phase, the behavior of the bridge is well predicted for several physical parameters. Nevertheless, the extrapolation of creep and shrinkage models, the influence of interior and exterior environments, and significant thickness variations along cross‐sections are key issues that deserve special attention. The role of advanced FE modeling supported by monitoring data is showed to be one of the most robust approaches for supporting the management of large civil infrastructures in this era of digitalization (Industry 4.0).
Analytical approach for the design of flexural elements made of reinforced ultra‐high performance concrete
Authors: Yao Yiming , Mobasher Barzin , Wang Jingquan , Xu Qizhi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe increasing demands of sustainable design and construction with economical sections, reduced cover, and more efficient time schedule require more flexibility in the design methodologies. The development of ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) have gained increasing interests as an attractive option for structural members with lightweight and superior performances. Concrete members reinforced with steel bars and fibers, generally known as hybrid reinforced concrete (HRC), offer a feasible solution in terms of reducing reinforcing materials and achieving desired structural performance. This paper proposes an analytical model to predict the flexural behavior of hybrid reinforced UHPC with steel reinforcements. Moment–curvature solutions are derived for reinforced sections based on parameterized tension‐compression constitutive models. The approach is applicable to customized cross section and derivation of T‐section is demonstrated. The moment–curvature response is further simplified as a tri‐linear model, which is used for the development of full‐range displacement solutions in analytical form. The proposed model is validated with the experimental data from literature covering a range of materials and member sizes. The full‐range solutions may provide insights into the serviceability design approach based on the criterion of maximum crack width or allowable deflection.
Performance evaluation of first full‐scale primary filtration using a fine pore cloth media disk filter
Authors: Caliskaner Onder , Tchobanoglous George , Imani Lilly , Davis Brian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver the past 20 years, various new filter technologies have been developed that can be used to (a) enhance the performance of or (b) replace conventional primary treatment facilities. To enhance the performance of a primary sedimentation facility, primary effluent is filtered to further reduce the constituent concentrations discharged to the secondary treatment facilities. This form of primary enhancement is known as primary effluent filtration (PEF). In the second case, where some type of filter technology is used to replace primary sedimentation, the process application is known as primary filtration (PF). The principal focus of this paper is on the performance of the first full‐scale PF project using a fine pore cloth media disk filter to maximize the diversion of carbon for the production of energy and to reduce energy usage. Performance data from related pilot‐scale cloth disk primary filter (CDPF) systems are included for process verification. The removal performance for total suspended solids (TSS) from the three CDPF installations varied from 83% to 85%, as compared to 55%–60% typically achieved with primary sedimentation. The total overall TSS removal performance achieved with PF is essentially the same as that achieved with PEF, without the need for a primary sedimentation tank. The removal performance for five‐day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) from the three CDPF installations varied from 46% to 58%, as compared to 32%–38% BOD removal typically achieved with primary sedimentation. The full‐scale CDPF results reported in this paper are from an on‐going research and demonstration project, conducted for the California Energy Commission (CEC), to demonstrate the potential energy savings that can be achieved through the implementation of PF.Practitioner points

The performance of the first full‐scale primary filtration system using a fine pore cloth disc filter is evaluated in this project.

Design and operational criteria of the primary filtration technology were established in this project to implement in full scale installations.

Primary filtration was demonstrated to increase the diversion of carbon for the production of energy and to reduce energy usage.

Significant decrease in aeration power requirement and increase in digester gas production are possible with primary filtration.

Footprint reduction (both for primary and secondary treatment) are other important attributes of primary filtration.
Comparison of sensor driven aeration control strategies for improved understanding of simultaneous nitrification/denitrification
Authors: Klaus Stephanie , Bott Charles B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA pilot scale process was operated with A‐stage effluent (ASE) and primary clarifier effluent (PCE) in MLE, all tanks aerated, A/O, and A2O configurations. Continuous DO control at high DO (2 mg/L), low DO (0.1–0.3 mg/L), ammonia‐based aeration control (ABAC), and ammonia versus NOx (AvN) control (both continuous and intermittent operation) were compared on the basis of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal, and simultaneous nitrification‐denitrification (SND). The highly loaded adsorption/bio‐oxidation (A/B) process configuration (4 hr HRT) with intermittent aeration was capable of achieving a maximum TIN removal of 80%, while the A2O process with PCE feed, an 11 hr HRT, and 0.2–0.3 mg/L DO continuous aeration achieved a maximum of 88% TIN removal. ABAC and AvN control did not always result in DO setpoints low enough to achieve SND, and even if setpoints were low enough to achieve SND that did not always result in increased overall TIN removal over continuous DO control of 2 mg/L. While there are other benefits to transitioning to sensor driven aeration control strategies such as ABAC and AvN, increased TIN removal during continuous aeration is not guaranteed. Results suggest that although low DO is a prerequisite for SND, carbon availability for denitrification in the aerobic zone is more likely to be the limiting factor once low DO conditions are met.Practitioner points

Intermittent aeration control results in higher TIN removal than continuous aeration at the same total SRT

Continuous aeration AvN control is not likely to result in more TIN removal than continuous aeration ABAC for a given COD and nitrogen load

Configurations that are designed to maximize predenitrification (e.g., MLE and A2O) are less likely to achieve increased SND in the aerobic zone from low DO operation than configurations that are not (e.g., A/O).