bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association mapping revealed syntenic loci QFhb-4AL and QFhb-5DL for Fusarium head blight resistance in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Hu Wenjing , Gao Derong , Wu Hongya , Liu Jian , Zhang Chunmei , Wang Junchan , Jiang Zhengning , Liu Yeyu , Li Dongsheng , Zhang Yong , Lu Chengbin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a major threat to wheat production and food security worldwide. Breeding stably and durably resistant cultivars is the most effective approach for managing and controlling the disease. The success of FHB resistance breeding relies on identification of an effective resistant germplasm. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using the high-density wheat 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assays to better understand the genetic basis of FHB resistance in natural population and identify associated molecular markers.
Results: The resistance to FHB fungal spread along the rachis (Type II resistance) was evaluated on 171 wheat cultivars in the 2016-2017 (abbr. as 2017) and 2017-2018 (abbr. as 2018) growing seasons. Using Illumina Infinum iSelect 90K SNP genotyping data, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 26 loci (88 marker-trait associations), which explained 6.65-14.18% of the phenotypic variances. The associated loci distributed across all chromosomes except 2D, 6A, 6D and 7D, with those on chromosomes 1B, 4A, 5D and 7A being detected in both years. New loci for Type II resistance were found on syntenic genomic regions of chromsome 4AL (QFhb-4AL, 621.85-622.24 Mb) and chromosome 5DL (QFhb-5DL, 546.09-547.27 Mb) which showed high collinearity in gene content and order. SNP markers wsnp_JD_c4438_5568170 and wsnp_CAP11_c209_198467 of 5D, reported previously linked to a soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) resistance gene, were also associated with FHB resistance in this study.
Conclusion: The syntenic FHB resistant loci and associated SNP markers identified in this study are valuable for FHB resistance breeding via marker-assisted selection.
INSTITUTIONAL STRATEGIES AS A MECHANISM TO RATIONALIZE THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF JUDICIALIZATION OF ACCESS TO MEDICINE IN BRAZIL
Authors: Chagas Virginia Oliveira , Provin Mércia Pandolfo , Mota Pedro Augusto Prado , Guimarães Rafael Alves , Amaral Rita Goreti 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Recently, the Executive Branch and Judiciary in Brazil increased spending due to larger numbers of lawsuits that forced the State to provide health goods and services. This phenomenon, known as health judicialization, has created challenges and required the Executive Branch and Judiciary to create institutional strategies such as technical chambers and departments to reduce the social, economic and political distortions caused by this phenomenon. This study aims to evaluate the effects of two institutional strategies deployed by a Brazilian municipality in order to cope with the economic, social and political distortions caused by the phenomenon of health judicialization regarding access to medicines. Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out in a capital in the Central-West Region of Brazil. A sample of 511 lawsuits was analyzed. The variables were placed into three groups: the sociodemographic characteristics and the plaintiffs’ disease, the characteristics of the claimed medical products and the institutional strategies. To analyze the effect of the interventions on the total cost of the medicines in the lawsuits, bivariate and multivariate linear regressions with variance were performed. For the categorical outcomes, Poisson regressions were performed with robust variance, using a significance level of 5%. Results: A reduction in the costs of medicines in the lawsuits and of the requests for medicines within the SUS formulary was verified after the deployment of the Department of Assessment of Non-Standardized Medicines (DAMNP) and the Technical Chamber of Health Assessment (CATS); an increase in processed prescriptions from the Brazilian Universal Health System was observed after the deployment of the CATS; and an increase in medicines outside the SUS formulary without a therapeutic alternative was verified after the CATS. Conclusion: The institutional strategies deployed were important tools to reduce the high costs of the medicines in the lawsuits. In addition, they represented a step forward for the State, provided a benefit to society and indicated a potential path for the health and justice systems of other countries that also face problems caused by the judicialization of health.
Genome-wide analysis of wheat DNA-binding with one finger (Dof) transcription factor genes: evolutionary characteristics and diverse abiotic stress responses
Authors: Liu Yue , Liu Nannan , Deng Xiong , Liu Dongmiao , Li Mengfei , Cui Dada , Hu Yingkao , Yan Yueming 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: DNA binding with one finger (Dof) transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and abiotic stress responses. Although genome-wide identification and analysis of the DOF transcription factor family has been reported in other species, no relevant studies have emerged in wheat. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolutionary and functional characteristics associated with plant growth and abiotic stress responses by genome-wide analysis of the wheat Dof transcription factor gene family.
Results: Using the recently released wheat genome database (IWGSC RefSeq v1.1), we identified 96 wheat Dof gene family members, which were phylogenetically clustered into five distinct subfamilies. Gene duplication analysis revealed a broad and heterogeneous distribution of TaDofs on the chromosome groups 1 to 7, possibly related to segmental duplication and tandem duplication. Members of the same gene subfamily had similar exon-intron structures, while members of different subfamilies had obvious differences. Functional divergence analysis indicated that type-II functional divergence played a major role in the differentiation of the TaDof gene family. Positive selection analysis revealed that the Dof gene family experienced different degrees of positive selection pressure during the process of evolution, and five significant positive selection sites (30A, 31T, 33A, 102G and 104S) were identified. Additionally, nine groups of coevolving amino acid sites, which may play a key role in maintaining the structural and functional stability of Dof proteins, were identified. The results from the RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that TaDof genes exhibited obvious expression preference or specificity in different organs and developmental stages, as well as in diverse abiotic stress responses. Most TaDof genes were significantly upregulated by heat, PEG and heavy metal stresses.
Conclusions: The genome-wide analysis and identification of wheat DOF transcription factor family and the discovery of important amino acid sites are expected to provide new insights into the structure, evolution and function of the plant Dof gene family.
Immune-related miRNA-mRNA regulation network in the livers of DHAV-3-infected ducklings
Authors: Wu Fengyao , Lu Fengying , Fan Xin , Chao Jin , Liu Chuanmin , Pan Qunxing , Sun Huawei , Zhang Xiaofei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Duck hepatitis A virus type 3 (DHAV-3) is one of the most harmful pathogens in the duck industry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying DHAV-3 infection in ducklings is remain poorly understood. To elucidate the genetic regulatory network for miRNA-mRNA and the signaling pathways involved in DHAV-3 infection in ducklings, we conducted global miRNA and mRNA expression profiling of duckling liver tissues infected with lethal DHAV-3 using high-throughput sequencing. Results: We found 156 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 7717 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEGs) between mock-infected and DHAV-3-infected duckling livers. A total of 19,606 miRNA-mRNA pairs with negatively correlated expression patterns were identified in miRNA-mRNA networks constructed on the basis of these DEMs and DEGs. Moreover, immune-related pathways including the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, apoptosis, Toll-like receptor, Jak-STAT, and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway were significantly enriched through analyzing functions of mRNAs in the network in response to DHAV-3 infection. Besides, apl-miR-32-5p, apl-miR-125-5p, apl-miR-128-3p, apl-miR-460-5p, and novel-m0012-3p were identified as potential regulators in the immune-related signaling pathways during the DHAV-3 infection. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report on integrated analysis of miRNA-seq and mRNA-seq in DHAV-3-infected ducklings. The results indicated the important roles of miRNAs in regulating immune response genes and revealed the immune related miRNA-mRNA regulation network in the DHAV-3-infected duckling liver. Our findings may provide valuable information to further investigate the roles of miRNAs and their target genes in DHAV-3 replication and pathogenesis; additionally, they may offer clues for further understanding host-virus interactions.
Are countries’ self-reported assessments of their capacity for infectious disease control reliable? Associations among countries’ self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes
Authors: Tsai feng-jen , Tipayamongkholgul Mathuros 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate associations among countries’ self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 (IHR 2005) capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes. Methods Countries’ self-reported assessments implemented by percentages as IHR Monitoring Tools (IHRMT) in 2016 and 2017 were used to represent national capacity regarding infectious disease control. WHO Disease Outbreak News and matched diseases reports on ProMED-mail were collected in 2016 to represent disease control outcomes of countries. Disease control outcomes were divided in good, normal and bad groups based on the development of outbreaks listed in the reports. The Human Development Index (HDI), density of physicians and nurses, health expenditure, number of arrivals of international tourists were also collected for control. Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied for analysis. Results A total of 907 cases occurred in 92 countries. For all diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries (OR = 2.19 for IHR 2016, OR =2.97 for IHR 2017). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 7.83 for IHR 2016 and OR = 2.23 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. For only human diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries for IHR 2017 (OR =2.79). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 11.16 for IHR 2016 and OR = 3.45 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. The HDI, health workforce density and total health expenditure were all positively associated with disease control outcomes. Conclusions Countries’ self-reported infectious disease control capacities positively correlated with their disease control outcomes. While the self-reported IHR scores were accountable to some degree, this approach was useful for understanding global capacity in infectious disease control and in allocating resources for future preparedness.
Implementing a community model of early pregnancy care
Authors: Cox Rebecca , Khalid Somia , Brierley Gemma , Forsyth Annie , McNamara Ruth , Heppell Victoria , Granne Ingrid 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
· Introduction
· In the UK Early Pregnancy Assessment Units (EPAUs) are usually situated alongside hospital maternity and gynaecology services. In June 2018, the Oxford EPAU relocated from the John Radcliffe Hospital to a community clinic. This is to our knowledge, the UK’s first community-based EPAU. This change was inspired by our patient feedback describing the co-location of the EPAU with maternity services as distressing.
· Methods
· Following the introduction of the community EPAU we developed a database to capture information on the patients seen in the clinic. This is a retrospective observational study of a single cohort of patients attending the clinic over an 8 month period. Data was collected from 1 st July 2018 to 28 th February 2019. This data included clinical, safety and patient experience outcomes.
· Results
· 2920 patient episodes were recorded, 1932 were new patients. 72.2% were diagnosed as viable pregnancies, 389 miscarriages were diagnosed, of which 84.1% were incomplete/missed and 15.9% were complete. Once miscarriage was confirmed 48.6% chose conservative management, 19.9% chose medical management, and 31.5% chose surgical management. 25 ambulance transfers occurred due to ruptured ectopic, suspected ectopic, heavy bleeding, collapse, or ectopic with no personal transport. 32 unplanned admissions from patients seen in EPAU accounted for 2.7% of all patients seen in EPAU. 58 patients had ultrasonographically confirmed or suspected ectopic pregnancies- 3% of patients seen in clinic. Patient feedback questionnaires have been consistently positive.
· Conclusion
· The development of a community EPAU has improved services to allow care closer to home in an environment separate from maternity care. Our data shows that a community EPAU is safe, can deliver good patient care and is a service valued by patients. Further research is indicated to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of community EPAUs and the long term safety and effectiveness of care.
Active Learning Through Discussion: ICAP Framework for Education in Health Professions
Authors: Lim Jaeseo , Ko Hyunwoong , Yang Jiwon , Kim Songeui , Lee Seunghee , Chun Myungsun , Ihm Jungjoon , Park Jooyong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The ICAP framework based on Cognitive Science posits four modes of cognitive engagement: Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive. Focusing on the wider applicability of discussion as interactive engagement in medical education, we investigated the effect of discussion when self-study preceded it and further investigated the effect of generating questions before discussions. Methods This study was conducted in the second semester of 2018, and 129 students majoring in health professions, including medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and nursing, participated. The students were assigned into four different trial groups, who were asked to fill out a Subjective Mental Effort Questionnaire after completing each session. Their performance in post-test scores and their mental efforts were analyzed. Results These results indicated that the self-study and question group had the highest performance and that the lecture and summary group had the lowest performance when comparing the total score. Using the analysis of mental effort, it was confirmed that the participants who showed higher levels of mental effort also showed higher levels of studying and discussion. Conclusions Our findings support the ICAP framework and provide practical implications for medical education, representing the fact that students learn more when they are involved in active learning activities, such as self-study and question generation, prior to discussions.
Transcriptome sequencing of Saccharina japonica sporophytes during whole developmental periods reveals regulatory networks underlying alginate and mannitol biosynthesis
Authors: Shao Zhanru , Zhang Pengyan , Lu Chang , Li Shaoxuan , Chen Zhihang , Wang Xiuliang , Duan Delin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Alginate is an important cell wall component and mannitol is a soluble storage carbon substance in the brown seaweed Saccharina japonica. Their contents vary with kelp developmental periods and harvesting time. Alginate and mannitol regulatory networks and molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Results: With WGCNA and trend analysis of 20,940 known genes and 4,264 new genes produced from transcriptome sequencing of 30 kelp samples from different stages and tissues, we deduced that ribosomal proteins, light harvesting complex proteins and "imm upregulated 3"gene family are closely associated with the meristematic growth and kelp maturity. Moreover, 134 and 6 genes directly involved in the alginate and mannitol metabolism were identified, respectively. Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (MPI2), phosphomannomutase (PMM1), GDP-mannose 6-dehydrogenase (GMD3) and mannuronate C5-epimerase (MC5E70 and MC5E122) are closely related with the high content of alginate in the distal blade. Mannitol accumulation in the basal blade might be ascribed to high expression of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (M1PDH1) and mannitol-1-phosphatase (M1Pase) (in biosynthesis direction) and low expression of mannitol-2-dehydrogenase (M2DH) and Fructokinase (FK) (in degradation direction). Oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis provide ATP and NADH for mannitol metabolism whereas glycosylated cycle and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle produce GTP for alginate biosynthesis. RNA/protein synthesis and transportation might affect alginate complex polymerization and secretion processes. Cryptochrome (CRY-DASH), xanthophyll cycle, photosynthesis and carbon fixation influence the production of intermediate metabolite of fructose-6-phosphate, contributing to high content of mannitol in the basal blade. Conclusions: The network of co-responsive DNA synthesis, repair and proteolysis are presumed to be involved in alginate polymerization and secretion, while upstream light-responsive reactions are important for mannitol accumulation in meristem of kelp. Our transcriptome analysis provides new insights into the transcriptional regulatory networks underlying the biosynthesis of alginate and mannitol during S. japonica developments. Keywords: Alginate, Mannitol, Transcriptome, Regulatory networks, Growth, Development, Saccharina japonica
Development &amp; Validation of Attitude Toward Nutrition Counselling Questionnaire for use among Kuwaiti healthcare professionals
Authors: ALMughamis Nouf S , Alayoub Abdullah A. , Meraj Hafsa , Waqas Ahmed 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aims to report the developmental processes and validation of Attitude Toward Nutrition Questionnaire in Arabic language. Results A total of 173 (response rate= 86.93%) participants responded to the survey. There was a total of 92 (53.2%) nutritionists and 81(46.8%) doctors/surgeons.The Attitude Toward Nutrition Counselling Questionnaire was found to have an acceptable validity and reliability. The first subscale named “Factual knowledge about nutrition” comprised of nine items. It yielded a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.78. The second subscale “knowledge about nutrition in morbidities” comprised of seven items and yielded a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.71. The third subscale “counselling of patients” comprised of 11 items and yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.68. The fourth subscale comprising nine items yielded a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.64 and was named, “Dietary programs and supplementation”.
Advanced Practice Nurses in Primary Care in Switzerland: An Analysis of Interprofessional Collaboration
Authors: Josi Renata , Bianchi Monica , Brandt Sophie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The increase in the number of chronically ill patients due to ageing is calling existing models of primary care (PC) into question. New care models have recently been implemented in Swiss PC and involve interprofessional teams. This paper aimed to analyse the practice of interprofessional collaboration between advanced practice nurses, registered nurses, and medical practice assistants within new models of PC in Switzerland using the National Interprofessional Competency Framework. Methods: An ethnographic design comprising semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations was conducted. Sixteen interviews were conducted with care providers at their PC practice. Interviewees included four advanced practice nurses, two registered nurses, six medical practice assistants, and four general practitioners. Nine other health professionals were subsequently observed in their practice. Interviews and observations were conducted by the first author from February to April 2019. Results: Our analysis of interview and observational data confirmed that role clarification, team functioning, collaborative leadership, interprofessional conflict resolution, patient-centered care, and interprofessional communication have a significant influence on the interprofessional collaboration among health professionals in Swiss PC. Among these domains, role clarification and team functioning were the most frequently raised issues. Both were found to have the potential to negatively influence and, therefore, hinder efficient interprofessional collaboration within PC. Conclusion: From the analysis, it emerged that role clarification is crucial for effective interprofessional collaboration within new care delivery models in the Swiss PC context. Our study results may inform international health policymakers and practitioners about six important domains of interprofessional care when implementing new care models. Practical experience with new models of care involving advanced practice nurses and medical practice assistants may also influence the regulation of the scope of practice of these health professionals in Switzerland.