bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arenibacterium halophilum gen. nov., sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium in the family Rhodobacteraceae isolated from a coastal sand dune
Authors: Baek Jihye , Kim Jong-Hwa , Yoon Jung-Hoon , Lee Jung-Sook , Sukhoom Ampaitip , Kim Wonyong 
Published: October 2020

A Gram-stain-negative, non-pigmented, non-spore-forming, motile, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated CAU 1492T, was isolated from a coastal sand dune and its taxonomic position was examined using a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain CAU 1492T grew optimally at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and in 3 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of CAU 1492T showed that it formed a distinct lineage within the family

Rhodobacteraceae

as a separate deep branch, with 96.8 % or lower sequence similarity values to representatives of the genera

Marivita

,

Donghicola

,

Sulfitobacter

,

Marinovum

,

Phaeobacter

,

Primorskyibacter

,

Roseovarius

and

Aestuariihabitans

. Strain CAU 1492T was closely related to

Marivita geojedonensis

DPG-138T (96.8 %),

Donghicola eburneus

SW-277T (96.7 %),

Sulfitobacter porphyrae

SCM-1T (96.7 %),

Marinovum algicola

FF3T (96.6 %) and

Aestuariihabitans beolgyonensis

BB-MW15T (96.4 %) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The major cellular fatty acids of strain CAU 1492T were cyclo-C19 : 0
ω8c and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c/C18 : 1
ω6c). The polar lipid pattern was composed of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified aminolipid. The strain contained Q-10 as the sole respiratory quinone. The draft genome of strain CAU 1492T was 4.63 Mb with a DNA G+C content of 63.1 mol%. The genome includes 4292 protein-coding genes and a five rRNA operons. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic data, strain CAU 1492T represents a novel genus in the family

Rhodobacteraceae

for which the name Arenibacterium halophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Arenibacterium halophilum is CAU 1492T (=KCTC 62998T=NBRC 113696T).
The Impact of the “Muslim Ban” Executive Order on Healthcare Utilization in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota
Authors: Samuels Elizabeth A. , Orr Lilla , White Elizabeth B. , Saadi Altaf , Padela Aasim I. , Westerhaus Michael , Bhatt Aarti D. , Agrawal Pooja , Wang Dennis , Gonsalves Gregg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveDetermine whether the 2017 “Muslim Ban” Executive Order impacted healthcare utilization by people born in Order-targeted nations living in the United States.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of people living in Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN in 2016-2017 who were: 1) born in Order-targeted nations, 2) born in Muslim-majority nations not listed in the Order, and 3) born in the United States and non-Latinx. Primary outcomes were: 1) primary care visits, 2) missed primary care appointments, 3) primary care diagnoses for stress-responsive conditions, 4) emergency department visits, and 5) emergency department visits for stress-responsive diagnoses. We evaluated visit trends before and after Order issuance using linear regression and differences between study groups using a difference-in-difference analyses.ResultsIn early 2016, primary care visits and stress-responsive diagnoses increased among individuals from Muslim majority nations. Following the Order, there was an immediate increase in emergency department visits among individuals from Order-targeted nations.ConclusionsIncreases in healthcare utilization among people born in Muslim majority countries before and after the “Muslim Ban” likely reflect elevated cumulative stress including the impact of the Order.
Re-analysis of genetic risks for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome from 23andMe data finds few remain
Authors: Bedford Felice L. , Tzovaras Bastian Greshake 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is tempting to mine the abundance of DNA data that is now available from direct-to-consumer genetic tests but this approach also has its pitfalls A recent study put forth a list of 50 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that predispose to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), a potentially major advance in understanding this still mysterious condition. However, only the patient cohort data came from a commercial company (23andMe) while the control was from a genetic database. The extent to which 23andMe data agree with genetic reference databases is unknown. We reanalyzed the 50 purported CFS SNPs by comparing to control data specifically from 23andMe which are available through public platform OpenSNP. In addition, large high-quality database ALFA was used as an additional control. The analysis lead to dramatic change with the top of the leaderboard for CFS risk reduced and reversed from an astronomical 129,000 times to 0.8. Errors were found both within 23andMe data and the original study-reported Kaviar database control. Only 3 of 50 SNPs survived initial study criterion of at least twice as prevalent in patients, EFCAB4B, involved in calcium ion channel activation, LINC01171, and MORN2 genes. We conclude that the reported top-50 deleterious polymorphisms for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome were more likely the top-50 errors in the 23andMe and Kaviar databases. In general, however, correlation of 23andMe control with ALFA was a respectable 0.93, suggesting an overall usefulness of 23andMe results for research purposes but only if caution is taken with chips and SNPs.
Aglycone polyether ionophores as broad-spectrum agents inhibit multiple enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and successfully cure JEV infected mice
Authors: Li Jia-Qi , Huang Minjian , Zhang Ya-Nan , Liu Ran , Zhang Zhe-Rui , Zhang Qiu-Yan , Wang Yong , Liu Jing , Deng Zixin , Zhang Bo , Ye Han-Qing , Liu Tiangang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInfections with zoonotic viruses, such as flaviviruses, influenza virus, and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic coronavirus constitute an increasing global risk. Hence, an urgent need exists for the development of broad-spectrum antivirals to prevent such outbreaks. Here, we show that the maduramycin and CP-80,219 aglycone polyether ionophores exhibit effective broad-spectrum antiviral activity, against various viruses, including Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), while also exhibiting promising activity against PR8 influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, liposome-encapsulated maduramycin and CP-80,219 provide full protection for mice from infection with JEVin vivo. Mechanistic studies suggest that aglycone polyether ionophores primarily inhibit the viral replication step without blocking endosome acidification to promote the fusion between viral and cellular membranes. The successful application of liposomes containing aglycone polyether ionophores in JEV-infected mice offers hope to the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs like penicillin back to 1940s.
Atlas of genetic effects in human microglia transcriptome across brain regions, aging and disease pathologies
Authors: de Paiva Lopes Katia , Snijders Gijsje J. L. , Humphrey Jack , Allan Amanda , Sneeboer Marjolein , Navarro Elisa , Schilder Brian M. , Vialle Ricardo A. , Parks Madison , Missall Roy , van Zuiden Welmoed , Gigase Frederieke , Kübler Raphael , van Berlekom Amber Berdenis , Böttcher Chotima , Priller Josef , Kahn René S. , de Witte Lot D. , Raj Towfique 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicroglial cells have emerged as potential key players in brain aging and pathology. To capture the heterogeneity of microglia across ages and regions, and to understand how genetic risk for neurological and psychiatric brain disorders is related to microglial function, large transcriptome studies are essential. Here, we describe the transcriptome analysis of 255 primary human microglia samples isolated at autopsy from multiple brain regions of 100 human subjects. We performed systematic analyses to investigate various aspects of microglial heterogeneities, including brain region, age and sex. We mapped expression and splicing quantitative trait loci and showed that many neurological disease susceptibility loci are mediated through gene expression or splicing in microglia. Fine-mapping of these loci nominated candidate causal variants that are within microglia-specific enhancers, including novel associations with microglia expression ofUSP6NLfor Alzheimer’s disease, andP2RY12for Parkinson’s disease. In summary, we have built the most comprehensive catalog to date of genetic effects on the microglia transcriptome and propose molecular mechanisms of action of candidate functional variants in several neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Neural substrates of verbal repetition deficits in primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Miller Hilary E. , Cordella Claire , Collins Jessica A. , Ezzo Rania , Quimby Megan , Hochberg Daisy , Tourville Jason A. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Guenther Frank H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between cortical thickness and performance on several verbal repetition tasks in a cohort of patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) in order to test predictions generated by theoretical accounts of phonological working memory (PWM) that predict phonological content buffers in left posterior inferior frontal sulcus (pIFS) and supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Cortical surfaces were reconstructed from magnetic resonance imaging scans from 42 participants diagnosed with PPA. Cortical thickness was measured in a set of anatomical regions spanning the entire cerebral cortex. Correlation analyses were performed between cortical thickness and average score across three PWM related tasks: the Repetition subtest from the Western Aphasia Battery, a forward digit span task, and a backward digit span task. Significant correlations were found between average PWM score across tasks and cortical thickness in left SMG and left pIFS, in support of prior theoretical accounts of PWM. Exploratory whole-brain correlation analyses performed for each of the three behavioral tasks individually revealed a distinct set of positively-correlated regions for each task. Comparison of cortical thickness measures from different PPA subtypes to cortical thickness in age-matched controls further revealed unique patterns of atrophy in the different PPA subtypes.
A Microglial Subset at the Tumor-Stroma Interface of Glioma
Authors: Caponegro Michael D. , Oh Ki , Madeira Miguel , Radin Daniel , Sterge Nicholas , Moffitt Richard A. , Tsirka Stella E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMyeloid involvement in High Grade Gliomas, such as Glioblastoma, has become apparent and detrimental to disease outcomes. There is great interest in characterizing the HGG tumor microenvironment to understand how neoplastic lesions are supported, and to devise novel therapeutic targets. The tumor microenvironment of the central nervous system is unique as it contains neural and specialized glial cells, including the resident myeloid cells, microglia. Glioma-associated microglia and peripherally infiltrating monocytes/macrophages (GAM) accumulate within the neoplastic lesion where they facilitate tumor growth and drive immunosuppression. A longstanding limitation has been the ability to accurately differentiate microglia and macrophage roles in pathology, and identify the consequences of the spatial organization of these cells.ResultsHere we characterize the tumor-stroma border and identify peripheral glioma-associated microglia (PGAM) at the tumor leading edge as a unique subpopulation of GAM. Using data mining and analyses of samples derived from both murine and human sources, we show that PGAM exhibit a pro-inflammatory and chemotactic phenotype that is associated with peripheral monocyte recruitment, poorly enhancing radiomic features, and decreased overall survival.ConclusionsPGAM act as a unique subset of GAM, at the tumor-stroma interface, corresponding to disease outcomes. We propose the application of a novel gene signature to identify these cells, and suggest that PGAM constitute a cellular target of the TME.Graphical abstract
Characterisation of the biosurfactants from phyllosphere colonisingPseudomonadsand their effect on plant colonisation and diesel degradation
Authors: Oso S , Fuchs F , Übermuth C , Zander L , Daunaraviciute S , Remus DM , Stötzel I , Wüst M , Schreiber L , Remus-Emsermann MNP 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiosurfactant production is a common trait in leaf surface colonising bacteria that has been associated with increased survival and movement on leaves. At the same time the ability to degrade aliphatics is common in biosurfactant-producing leaf colonisers. Pseudomonads are common leaf colonisers and have been recognised for their ability to produce biosurfactants and degrade aliphatic compounds. In this study, we have investigated the role of biosurfactants in four non-plant plant pathogenicPseudomonasstrains by performing a series of experiments to characterise the surfactant properties, and their role during leaf colonisation and diesel degradation. The produced biosurfactants were identified using mass-spectrometry. Two strains produced viscosin-like biosurfactants and the other two produced Massetolide A-like biosurfactants which aligned with the phylogenetic relatedness between the strains. To further investigate the role of surfactant production, random Tn5transposon mutagenesis was performed to generate knockout mutants. The knockout mutants were compared to their respective wildtypes in their ability to colonise gnotobioticArabidopsis thalianaand to degrade diesel. It was not possible to detect negative effects during plant colonisation in direct competition or individual colonisation experiments. When grown on diesel, knockout mutants grew significantly slower compared to their respective wildtypes. By adding isolated wildtype biosurfactants it was possible to complement the growth of the knockout mutants.ImportanceMany leaf colonising bacteria produce surfactants and are able to degrade aliphatic compounds, however, if surfactant production provides a competitive advantage during leaf colonisation is unclear. Furthermore, it is unclear if leaf colonisers take advantage of the aliphatic compounds that constitute the leaf cuticle and cuticular waxes. Here we test the effect of surfactant production on leaf colonisation and demonstrate that the lack of surfactant production decreases the ability to degrade aliphatic compounds. This indicates that leaf surface dwelling, surfactant producing bacteria contribute to degradation of environmental hydrocarbons and may be able to utilise leaf surface waxes. This has implications for plant-microbe interactions and future studies.
The autumn COVID-19 surge dates in Europe are linked to latitudes and not to temperature, nor to humidity, pointing vitamin D as a contributing factor
Authors: Walrand Stephan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeDetermining the triggering factor of the sudden surge of the daily new COVID-19 cases arising in most European countries during 2020 Autumn.MethodsThe dates of the surge were determined using a fitting of the two last months reported daily new cases in 18 European countries of latitude ranging from 39° to 62°.ResultsThe study proves no correlation between the country surge date and its 2 weeks preceding temperature or humidity, but shows an impressive linear correlation with its latitude. The country surge date corresponds to the time when its sun UV daily dose drops below ≈ 34% of that of 0° latitude. Introducing reported seasonal blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration variation into reported link between acute respiratory track infection risk with 25(OH)D concentration quantitatively explains the surge dynamics.ConclusionsSeveral studies already substantiated a 25(OH)D concentration impact on COVID-19 severity. However by comparing different patients populations, discriminate whether low 25(OH)D concentration is a real factor of covid-19 severity or only a marker of another weakness being the primary severity factor can be challenging. The date of the surge is an intrapopulation observation and has the benefit to be only triggered by a parameter globally affecting the population, i.e. the sun UV daily dose decreases. The results support that low 25(OH)D concentration is thus well a contributing factor of COVID-19 severity, which joined with the previous studies makes a convincing bundle of evidence
Direct access physiotherapy to help manage patients with musculoskeletal disorders in an emergency department: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gagnon Rose , Perreault Kadija , Berthelot Simon , Matifat Eveline , Desmeules François , Achou Bertrand , Laroche Marie-Christine , Van Neste Catherine , Tremblay Stéphane , Leblond Jean , Hébert Luc J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractContextIn several countries, physiotherapists (PT) have been integrated within emergency departments (EDs) to help manage patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs). Still, research on the effects of such initiatives is scarce.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of direct access PT on MSKD patients consulting the ED in terms of clinical outcomes and use of health care resources.Design, Setting, ParticipantsRandomized controlled trial, academic ED in Quebec City (Canada), participants 18-80 years presenting with a minor MSKD.InterventionDirect access PT at the EDControlEmergency Physicians lead management (EP).Main Outcome MeasureClinical outcomes (pain, interference of pain on function) and use of resources (ED return visit, interventions, diagnostic tests, consultations) were compared between groups at ED discharge and after 1 and 3 months using two-way ANOVAs, log-linear analysis and χ2 tests.ResultsSeventy-eight patients suffering from MSKDs were included (40.2 ± 17.6 years old; 44% women). Participants in the PT group (n=40) had statistically lower levels of pain and pain interference at 1- and 3-months. They were recommended fewer imaging tests (38% vs. 78%; p<.0001) and prescription medication (43% vs. 67%; p=.030) at ED discharge, had used less prescription medication (32% vs. 72%; p=.002) and had revisited significantly less often the ED (0% vs. 21%; p=.007) at 1-month than those in the EP group (n=38). At 3 months, the PT group had used less over-the-counter medication (19% vs. 43%; p=.034).ConclusionPatients presenting with a MSKD to the ED with direct access to a PT had better clinical outcomes and used less services and resources than those in the usual care group after ED discharge and up to 3 months after discharge. The results of this study support the implementation of such models of care for the management of this population.Trial RegistrationThis trial is registered at the US National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov) #NCT04009369Ethical approvalThis trial was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the CHU de Québec - Université Laval #MP-20-2019-4307
Gamma-irradiated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, OZG-38.61.3, confers protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in human ACEII-transgenic mice
Authors: Turan Raife Dilek , Tastan Cihan , Kancagi Derya Dilek , Yurtsever Bulut , Karakus Gozde Sir , Ozer Samed , Abanuz Selen , Cakirsoy Didem , Tumentemur Gamze , Demir Sevda , Seyis Utku , Kuzay Recai , Elek Muhammer , Kocaoglu Miyase Ezgi , Ertop Gurcan , Arbak Serap , Elmas Merve Acikel , Hemsinlioglu Cansu , Ng Ozden Hatirnaz , Akyoney Sezer , Sahin Ilayda , Kayhan Cavit Kerem , Tokat Fatma , Akpinar Gurler , Kasap Murat , Kocagoz Ayse Sesin , Ozbek Ugur , Telci Dilek , Sahin Fikrettin , Yalcin Koray , Ratip Siret , Ince Umit , Ovali Ercument 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 virus caused the most severe pandemic around the world, and vaccine development for urgent use became a crucial issue. Inactivated virus formulated vaccines such as Hepatitis A, oral polio vaccine, and smallpox proved to be reliable approaches for immunization for prolonged periods. During the pandemic, we produced an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, having the advantages of being manufactured rapidly and tested easily in comparison with recombinant vaccines. In this study, an inactivated virus vaccine that includes a gamma irradiation process for the inactivation as an alternative to classical chemical inactivation methods so that there is no extra purification required has been optimized. The vaccine candidate (OZG-38.61.3) was then applied in mice by employing the intradermal route, which decreased the requirement of a higher concentration of inactivated virus for proper immunization, unlike most of the classical inactivated vaccine treatments. Hence, the novelty of our vaccine candidate (OZG-38.61.3) is that it is a non-adjuvant added, gamma-irradiated, and intradermally applied inactive viral vaccine. Efficiency and safety dose (either 1013 or 1014 viral copy per dose) of OZG-38.61.3 was initially determined in Balb/c mice. This was followed by testing the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of OZG-38.61.3. Human ACE2-encoding transgenic mice were immunized and then infected with a dose of infective SARS-CoV-2 virus for the challenge test. Findings of this study show that vaccinated mice have lower SARS-CoV-2 viral copy number in oropharyngeal specimens along with humoral and cellular immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2, including the neutralizing antibodies similar to those shown in Balb/c mice without substantial toxicity. Subsequently, plans are being made for the commencement of Phase 1 clinical trial of the OZG-38.61.3 vaccine for the COVID-19 pandemic.
Extracellular vesicle-based vaccine platform displaying native viral envelope proteins elicits a robust anti-SARS-CoV-2 response in mice
Authors: Polak K. , Greze N. , Lachat M. , Merle D. , Chiumento S. , Bertrand-Gaday C. , Trentin B. , Mamoun R. Z. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) emerge as essential mediators of intercellular communication. DNA vaccines encoding antigens presented on EVs efficiently induce T-cell responses and EV-based vaccines containing the Spike (S) proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) are highly immunogenic in mice. Thus, EVs may serve as vaccine platforms against emerging diseases, going beyond traditional strategies, with the antigen displayed identically to the original protein embedded in the viral membrane and presented as such to the immune system. Compared to their viral and pseudotyped counterparts, EV-based vaccines overcome many safety issues including pre-existing immunity against these vectors. Here, we applied our technology in natural EV’s engineering, to express the S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 embedded in the EVs, which mimic the virus with its fully native spikes. Immunizations with a two component CoVEVax vaccine, comprising DNA vector (DNAS-EV) primes, allowingin situproduction of Spike harbouring EVs, and a boost using S-EVs produced in mammalian cells, trigger potent neutralizing and cellular responses in mice, in the absence of any adjuvants. CoVEVax would be the prototype of vaccines, where the sole exchange of the envelope proteins on EVs leads to the generation of new vaccine candidates against emerging viruses.