bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning to predict early TNF inhibitor users in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Lee Seulkee , Eun Yeonghee , Kim Hyungjin , Cha Hoon-Suk , Koh Eun-Mi , Lee Jaejoon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe aim to generate an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict early TNF inhibitor users in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The baseline demographic and laboratory data of patients who visited Samsung Medical Center rheumatology clinic from Dec. 2003 to Sep. 2018 were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: early-TNF and non-early-TNF users. Machine learning models were formulated to predict the early-TNF users using the baseline data. Feature importance analysis was performed to delineate significant baseline characteristics. The numbers of early-TNF and non-early-TNF users were 90 and 505, respectively. The performance of the ANN model, based on the area under curve (AUC) for a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of 0.783, was superior to logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, and XGBoost models (for an ROC curve of 0.719, 0.699, 0.761, and 0.713, respectively) in predicting early-TNF users. Feature importance analysis revealed CRP and ESR as the top significant baseline characteristics for predicting early-TNF users. Our model displayed superior performance in predicting early-TNF users compared with logistic regression and other machine learning models. Machine learning can be a vital tool in predicting treatment response in various rheumatologic diseases.
Optimized split nitrogen fertilizer increase photosynthesis, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency under water-saving irrigation
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhang Yongli , Shi Yu , Yu Zhenwen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate optimization of the basal-top-dressing nitrogen ratio for improving winter wheat grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, water use efficiency and physiological parameters under supplemental irrigation. A water-saving irrigation (SI) regime was established and sufficient irrigation (UI) was used as a control condition. The split-nitrogen regimes used were based on a identical total nitrogen application rate of 240 kg ha−1 but were split in four different proportions between sowing and the jointing stage; i.e. 10:0 (N1), 7:3 (N2), 5:5 (N3) and 3:7 (N4). Compared with the N1, N2 and N4 treatments, N3 treatment increased grain yield, nitrogen and water use efficiencies by 5.27–17.75%, 5.68–18.78% and 5.65–31.02%, respectively, in both years. The yield advantage obtained with the optimized split-nitrogen fertilizer application may be attributable to greater flag leaf photosynthetic capacity and grain-filling capacity. Furthermore, the N3 treatment maintained the highest nitrogen and water use efficiencies. Moreover, we observed that water use efficiency of SI compared with UI increased by 9.75% in 2016 and 10.79% in 2017, respectively. It can be concluded that SI along with a 5:5 basal-top-dressing nitrogen ratio should be considered as an optimal fertigation strategy for both high grain yield and efficiency in winter wheat.
Two-year outcomes of intravitreal aflibercept in a Swiss routine treat and extend regimen for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Ebneter Andreas , Michels Stephan , Pruente Christian , Imesch Pascal , Eilenberger Felix , Oesch Susanne , Thomet-Hunziker Isabelle P. , Hatz Katja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this observational study was to assess the use and outcome of intravitreal aflibercept in a treat and extend regimen in treatment-naïve neovascular AMD patients in routine practice. This both retrospective and prospective study was conducted in four larger Swiss retina clinics (ASTERIA study). The primary endpoint was the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in ETDRS letters from baseline to 12 months. Between December 2017 and August 2018, 160 patients were included. For patients with available data, the mean change in BCVA was + 8.4 (± 14.4) letters at month 12 (n = 139) and + 5.0 (± 11.4) letters at month 24 (n = 95). A mean number of 8.3 (± 2.4) injections were administered within the first year and 5.4 (± 2.9) injections during the second year. On average, the observed treatment interval at month 12 was 63.3 (± 22.0) days and increased to 69.1 (± 28.6) days at month 24. For 37% of the patients, a treatment interval ≥ 12 weeks was attained at month 24. In conclusion, intravitreal aflibercept in a Swiss real-life treat and extend regimen resulted in comparable anatomic and functional outcomes as were observed in the prospective registration trials of aflibercept for nAMD treatment.
Role of RPTPβ/ζ in neuroinflammation and microglia-neuron communication
Authors: Fernández-Calle Rosalía , Galán-Llario Milagros , Gramage Esther , Zapatería Begoña , Vicente-Rodríguez Marta , Zapico José M. , de Pascual-Teresa Beatriz , Ramos Ana , Ramos-Álvarez M. Pilar , Uribarri María , Ferrer-Alcón Marcel , Herradón Gonzalo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine that is upregulated in different neuroinflammatory disorders. Using mice with transgenic PTN overexpression in the brain (Ptn-Tg), we have found a positive correlation between iNos and Tnfα mRNA and Ptn mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of LPS-treated mice. PTN is an inhibitor of Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (RPTP) β/ζ, which is mainly expressed in the central nervous system. We aimed to test if RPTPβ/ζ is involved in the modulation of neuroinflammatory responses using specific inhibitors of RPTPβ/ζ (MY10 and MY33-3). Treatment with MY10 potentiated LPS-induced microglial responses in the mouse PFC. Surprisingly, MY10 caused a decrease in LPS-induced NF-κB p65 expression, suggesting that RPTPβ/ζ may be involved in a novel mechanism of potentiation of microglial activation independent of the NF-κB p65 pathway. MY33-3 and MY10 limited LPS-induced nitrites production and iNos increases in BV2 microglial cells. SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were treated with the conditioned media from MY10/LPS-treated BV2 cells. Conditioned media from non-stimulated and from LPS-stimulated BV2 cells increased the viability of SH-SY5Y cultures. RPTPβ/ζ inhibition in microglial cells disrupted this neurotrophic effect of microglia, suggesting that RPTPβ/ζ plays a role in the neurotrophic phenotype of microglia and in microglia-neuron communication.
Early prediction of macrocrack location in concrete, rocks and other granular composite materials
Authors: Tordesillas Antoinette , Kahagalage Sanath , Ras Charl , Nitka Michał , Tejchman Jacek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous quasibrittle composites like concrete, ceramics and rocks comprise grains held together by bonds. The question on whether or not the path of the crack that leads to failure can be predicted from known microstructural features, viz. bond connectivity, size, fracture surface energy and strength, remains open. Many fracture criteria exist. The most widely used are based on a postulated stress and/or energy extremal. Since force and energy share common transmission paths, their flow bottleneck may be the precursory failure mechanism to reconcile these optimality criteria in one unified framework. We explore this in the framework of network flow theory, using microstructural data from 3D discrete element models of concrete under uniaxial tension. We find the force and energy bottlenecks emerge in the same path and provide an early and accurate prediction of the ultimate macrocrack path $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
. Relative to all feasible crack paths, the Griffith’s fracture surface energy and the Francfort–Marigo energy functional are minimum in $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
; likewise for the critical strain energy density if bonds are uniformly sized. Redundancies in transmission paths govern prefailure dynamics, and predispose $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
to cascading failure during which the concomitant energy release rate and normal (Rankine) stress become maximum along $${\mathcal {C}}$$
C
.
Comprehensive genomic profile of Chinese lung cancer patients and mutation characteristics of individuals resistant to icotinib/gefitinib
Authors: Shang Yanhong , Li Xiaofang , Liu Weiwei , Shi Xiaoliang , Yuan Shaohua , Huo Ran , Fang Guotao , Han Xiao , Zhang Jingnan , Wang Kunjie , Dou Zhengyue , Zhang Yan , Zang Aimin , Zhang Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLung cancer is the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Precise treatment based on next-generation sequencing technology has shown advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. This cohort study included 371 lung cancer patients. The lung cancer subtype was related to the smoking status and sex of the patients. The most common mutated genes were TP53 (62%), EGFR (55%), and KRAS (11%). The mutation frequencies of EGFR, TP53, PIK3CA, NFE2L2, KMT2D, FGFR1, CCND1, and CDKN2A were significantly different between lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma. We identified the age-associated mutations in ALK, ERBB2, KMT2D, RBM10, NRAS, NF1, PIK3CA, MET, PBRM1, LRP2, and CDKN2B; smoking-associated mutations in CDKN2A, FAT1, FGFR1, NFE2L2, CCNE1, CCND1, SMARCA4, KEAP1, KMT2C, and STK11; tumor stage-associated mutations in ARFRP1, AURKA, and CBFB; and sex-associated mutations in EGFR. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is associated with tumor subtype, age, sex, and smoking status. TMB-associated mutations included CDKN2A, LRP1B, LRP2, TP53, and EGFR. EGFR amplification was commonly detected in patients with acquired lcotinib/gefitinib resistance. DNMT3A and NOTCH4 mutations may be associated with the benefit of icotinib/gefitinib treatment.
Analyzing long-term impacts of ungulate herbivory on forest-recruitment dynamics at community and species level contrasting tree densities versus maximum heights
Authors: Nopp-Mayr Ursula , Reimoser Susanne , Reimoser Friedrich , Sachser Frederik , Obermair Leopold , Gratzer Georg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHerbivores are constitutive elements of most terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding effects of herbivory on ecosystem dynamics is thus a major, albeit challenging task in community ecology. Effects of mammals on plant communities are typically explored by comparing plant densities or diversity in exclosure experiments. This might over-estimate long-term herbivore effects at community levels as early life stage mortality is driven by a multitude of factors. Addressing these challenges, we established a set of 100 pairs of ungulate exclosures and unfenced control plots (25 m2) in mixed montane forests in the Alps in 1989 covering a forest area of 90 km2. Investigations ran until 2013. Analogous to the gap-maker–gap-filler approach, dynamically recording the height of the largest trees per tree species in paired plots with and without exclosures might allow for assessing herbivore impacts on those individuals with a high probability of attaining reproductive stages. We thus tested if recording maximum heights of regenerating trees would better reflect effects of ungulate herbivory on long-term dynamics of tree regeneration than recording of stem density, and if species dominance patterns would shift over time. For quantifying the effects of ungulate herbivory simultaneously at community and species level we used principle response curves (PRC). PRCs yielded traceable results both at community and species level. Trajectories of maximum heights yielded significant results contrary to trajectories of total stem density. Response patterns of tree species were not uniform over time: e.g., both Norway spruce and European larch switched in their response to fencing. Fencing explained about 3% of the variance of maximum tree heights after nine years but increased to about 10% after 24 years thus confirming the importance of long-term surveys. Maximum height dynamics of tree species, addressed in our study, can thus reflect local dominance of tree species via asymmetric plant competition. Such effects, both within and among forest patches, can accrue over time shaping forest structure and composition.
Regional and network neural activity reflect men’s preference for greater socioeconomic status during impression formation
Authors: Barth Denise M. , Mattan Bradley D. , Dang Tzipporah P. , Cloutier Jasmin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEvidence from social psychology suggests that men compared to women more readily display and pursue control over human resources or capital. However, studying how status and gender shape deliberate impression formation is difficult due to social desirability concerns. Using univariate and multivariate fMRI analyses (n = 65), we examined how gender and socioeconomic status (SES) may influence brain responses during deliberate but private impression formation. Men more than women showed greater activity in the VMPFC and NAcc when forming impressions of high-SES (vs. low-SES) targets. Seed partial least squares (PLS) analysis showed that this SES-based increase in VMPFC activity was associated with greater co-activation across an evaluative network for the high-SES versus low-SES univariate comparison. A data-driven task PLS analysis also showed greater co-activation in an extended network consisting of regions involved in salience detection, attention, and task engagement as a function of increasing target SES. This co-activating network was most pronounced for men. These findings provide evidence that high-SES targets elicit neural responses indicative of positivity, reward, and salience during impression formation among men. Contributions to a network neuroscience understanding of status perception and implications for gender- and status-based impression formation are discussed.
Adverse impact of renin–angiotensin system blockade on the clinical course in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lim Jeong-Hoon , Cho Jang-Hee , Jeon Yena , Kim Ji Hye , Lee Ga Young , Jeon Soojee , Noh Hee Won , Lee Yong-Hoon , Lee Jaehee , Chang Hyun-Ha , Jung Hee-Yeon , Choi Ji-Young , Park Sun-Hee , Kim Chan-Duck , Kim Yong-Lim , Kim Shin-Woo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and the risk of mortality in hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was investigated. This retrospective cohort study was performed in all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in tertiary hospitals in Daegu, Korea. Patients were classified based on whether they received ACE-I or ARB before COVID-19 diagnosis. The analysis of the primary outcome, in-hospital mortality, was performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Of 130 patients with COVID-19, 30 (23.1%) who received ACE-I or ARB exhibited an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–4.38; P = 0.025). ACE-I or ARB was also associated with severe complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.58; 95% CI, 1.02–6.51; P = 0.045) and acute kidney injury (AKI) (aOR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.15–8.15; P = 0.026). Among the patients with ACE-I or ARB therapy, 8 patients (26.7%) used high equivalent doses of ACE-I or ARB and they had higher in-hospital mortality and an increased risk of ARDS and AKI (all, P < 0.05). ACE-I or ARB therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 was associated with the occurrence of severe complications and increased in-hospital mortality. The potentially harmful effect of ACE-I or ARB therapy may be higher in patients who received high doses.
Focal stimulation of the temporoparietal junction improves rationality in prosocial decision-making
Authors: Li Flora , Ball Sheryl , Zhang Xiaomeng , Smith Alec 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that modulation of neurocomputational inputs to value-based decision-making affects the rationality of economic choices. The brain’s right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) has been functionally associated with both social behavior and with domain-general information processing and attention. To identify the causal function of rTPJ in prosocial decisions, we administered focal high definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) while participants allocated money between themselves and a charity in a modified dictator game. Anodal stimulation led to improved rationality as well as increased charitable giving and egalitarianism, resulting in more consistent and efficient choices and increased sensitivity to the price of giving. These results are consistent with the theory that anodal stimulation of the rTPJ increases the precision of value computations in social decision-making. Our results demonstrate that theories of rTPJ function should account for the multifaceted role of the rTPJ in the representation of social inputs into value-based decisions.
Effectiveness of the European Natura 2000 network to sustain a specialist wintering waterbird population in the face of climate change
Authors: Marchowski Dominik , Ławicki Łukasz , Fox Anthony D. , Nielsen Rasmus D. , Petersen Ib K. , Hornman Menno , Nilsson Leif , Haas Fredrik , Wahl Johannes , Kieckbusch Jan , Nehls Hans W. , Calbrade Neil , Hearn Richard , Meissner Włodzimierz , Fitzgerald Niamh , Luigujoe Leho , Zenatello Marco , Gaudard Clemence , Koschinski Sven 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnalysis of coordinated Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) count data from the last 30 years showed a 38.1% decrease in wintering numbers in North-West Europe, from 309,000 during 1988–1991 to c.192,300 individuals during 2015–2018. Annual trends in wintering numbers differed throughout the range. Numbers decreased in the UK, Ireland, and in the Netherlands, while numbers were stable in Denmark. Germany, Poland, Sweden, and Estonia showed increasing numbers, suggesting a shift in the distribution of the species within its wintering grounds towards the east and north. Higher temperatures in northern and eastern areas were correlated with the range shift of the wintering distribution. Deaths from bycatch drowning of Scaup in fishing gear have significantly decreased in recent decades in the Netherlands, where currently the greatest threat is considered the deterioration of food resources. The increasing concentration of wintering Scaup in coastal Poland and Germany (where lack of effective implementation of conservation measures fail to protect the species from the impacts of bycatch and declining food quality) pose major threats to the entire population.
A primordial 15N-depleted organic component detected within the carbonaceous chondrite Maribo
Authors: Vollmer Christian , Leitner Jan , Kepaptsoglou Demie , Ramasse Quentin M. , King Ashley J. , Schofield Paul F. , Bischoff Addi , Araki Tohru , Hoppe Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report on the detection of primordial organic matter within the carbonaceous chondrite Maribo that is distinct from the majority of organics found in extraterrestrial samples. We have applied high-spatial resolution techniques to obtain C-N isotopic compositions, chemical, and structural information of this material. The organic matter is depleted in 15N relative to the terrestrial value at around δ15N ~ -200‰, close to compositions in the local interstellar medium. Morphological investigations by electron microscopy revealed that the material consists of µm- to sub-µm-sized diffuse particles dispersed within the meteorite matrix. Electron energy loss and synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopies show that the carbon functional chemistry is dominated by aromatic and C=O bonding environments similar to primordial organics from other carbonaceous chondrites. The nitrogen functional chemistry is characterized by C-N double and triple bonding environments distinct from what is usually found in 15N-enriched organics from aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrites. Our investigations demonstrate that Maribo represents one of the least altered CM chondrite breccias found to date and contains primordial organic matter, probably originating in the interstellar medium.
Effects of precipitation and temperature on precipitation use efficiency of alpine grassland in Northern Tibet, China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoke , Du Xindong , Zhu Zhangming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrecipitation use efficiency (PUE) is crucial in understanding the coupling between ecosystem carbon and water cycling. In this study, we used a time series (2000–2013) dataset of net primary productivity (NPP) based on the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) model together with precipitation to reveal the spatial and temporal patterns of alpine grassland PUE in Northern Tibet. The mean annual PUE values of alpine meadow, alpine meadow steppe, alpine steppe, alpine desert steppe, and alpine desert were 0.48, 0.39, 0.36, 0.29 and 0.23 gc m−2 mm−1, respectively. The spatial patterns of PUE of alpine grassland demonstrated an initial increase in the arid region and a subsequent decrease in the humid region along the precipitation gradient and peaked at approximately 500 mm. To evaluate the temporal patterns, the sensitivity $$Slope$$

Slope

and the Pearson correlation coefficient $${R}_{xy}$$

R

xy

between the PUE and climatic factors were calculated. The inter-annual variability of PUE exhibited a significant negative correlation with annual precipitation (P < 0.05), which implies that NPP had a lower sensitivity to precipitation in most regions. The relationship between PUE and the mean annual temperature is different for different regions. Our findings have an important role in understanding the impacts of precipitation availability on climate change and in the scientific management of the alpine grassland ecosystems.
Validation of deep learning natural language processing algorithm for keyword extraction from pathology reports in electronic health records
Authors: Kim Yoojoong , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Choi Sunho , Lee Jeong Moon , Kim Jong-Ho , Seok Junhee , Joo Hyung Joon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPathology reports contain the essential data for both clinical and research purposes. However, the extraction of meaningful, qualitative data from the original document is difficult due to the narrative and complex nature of such reports. Keyword extraction for pathology reports is necessary to summarize the informative text and reduce intensive time consumption. In this study, we employed a deep learning model for the natural language process to extract keywords from pathology reports and presented the supervised keyword extraction algorithm. We considered three types of pathological keywords, namely specimen, procedure, and pathology types. We compared the performance of the present algorithm with the conventional keyword extraction methods on the 3115 pathology reports that were manually labeled by professional pathologists. Additionally, we applied the present algorithm to 36,014 unlabeled pathology reports and analysed the extracted keywords with biomedical vocabulary sets. The results demonstrated the suitability of our model for practical application in extracting important data from pathology reports.