bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal–Organic Framework Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sun Yujia , Zheng Liwei , Yang Yu , Qian Xu , Fu Ting , Li Xiaowei , Yang Zunyi , Yan He , Cui Cheng , Tan Weihong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInvestigation of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for biomedical applications has attracted much attention in recent years. MOFs are regarded as a promising class of nanocarriers for drug delivery owing to well-defined structure, ultrahigh surface area and porosity, tunable pore size, and easy chemical functionalization. In this review, the unique properties of MOFs and their advantages as nanocarriers for drug delivery in biomedical applications were discussed in the first section. Then, state-of-the-art strategies to functionalize MOFs with therapeutic agents were summarized, including surface adsorption, pore encapsulation, covalent binding, and functional molecules as building blocks. In the third section, the most recent biological applications of MOFs for intracellular delivery of drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids, especially aptamers, were presented. Finally, challenges and prospects were comprehensively discussed to provide context for future development of MOFs as efficient drug delivery systems.
Variants in HNRNPDL and SETX Not Necessarily Indicate Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 1G in Acute Muscular Respiratory Failure
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Stöllberger Claudia , Keller Hans , Laccone Franco 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Genetic work-up is useful for the identification of a primary myopathy. However, even sophisticated genetic methods may fail to detect the underlying cause of myopathy as in the following case. The patient is a 52-year-old female with a history of epilepsy, arterial hypertension, atrial flutter requiring cardioversion, ablation, and anticoagulation, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, and hyper-CKemia. At age 52 years, she was referred for heart failure due to ischemic cardiomyopathy requiring appropriate medication and implantation of an ICD. During hospitalization she developed acute muscular respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Genetic panels for myopathy, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy revealed variants of unknown significance in the HNRNPDL and SETX genes respectively. Clinical presentation and muscle biopsy, however, suggested metabolic myopathy. Acute muscular respiratory failure may require traditional diagnostic work-up for primary myopathy and long-term invasive and non-invasive ventilation. Panel investigations not necessarily lead to a conclusive diagnosis. The multisystem nature of the condition rather suggests a metabolic defect than LGMD-1G or fALS as genetic findings suggested.
A Comparative Evaluation of Different Chemical Agents and Herbal Products in Disinfecting Gutta-Percha Cones: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bansal Manu , Bansal Rajinder , Wazir Nikhil Dev , Matta Mandeep Singh , Chaudhary Shalini , Singla Priya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroduction The main aim of this study was to compare and evaluate different chemical agents and herbal products in disinfecting gutta-percha (GP) cones through an in vitro study.Materials and Methods For this study, 160 GP cones were taken in test tubes, which were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis inocula, prepared by dissolving it in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth. The GP cones were then taken from the test tubes and dried on Whatman filter paper no. 1 and were divided into four groups according to the decontaminant used for the study—group 1 (5% sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl]), group 2 (2% chlorhexidine), group 3 (propolis), and group 4 (Aloe vera)—which were further subdivided into subgroups on the basis immersion time periods of 1 and 10 minutes. The GP cones were then again dried and taken in the test tubes containing freshly prepared BHI broth to check the turbidity.Results It was found that 2% chlorhexidine was the most effective disinfectant against E. faecalis, 5% NaOCl was the second best disinfectant followed by propolis, while Aloe vera had not shown any effect as GP disinfectant.Conclusion Since 2% chlorhexidine showed better disinfection efficacy against E. faecalis than 5% NaOCl, it can be recommended for chairside disinfection of GP. One-minute immersion of GP in 2% chlorhexidine is sufficient for elimination of E. faecalis.
COVID-19 and Neonatal Respiratory Care: Current Evidence and Practical Approach
Authors: Shalish Wissam , Lakshminrusimha Satyanarayana , Manzoni Paolo , Keszler Martin , Sant'Anna Guilherme M. 
Published: May 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has urged the development and implementation of guidelines and protocols on diagnosis, management, infection control strategies, and discharge planning. However, very little is currently known about neonatal COVID-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Thus, many questions arise with regard to respiratory care after birth, necessary protection to health care workers (HCW) in the delivery room and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and safety of bag and mask ventilation, noninvasive respiratory support, deep suctioning, endotracheal intubation, and mechanical ventilation. Indeed, these questions have created tremendous confusion amongst neonatal HCW. In this manuscript, we comprehensively reviewed the current evidence regarding COVID-19 perinatal transmission, respiratory outcomes of neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 and infants with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the evidence for using different respiratory support modalities and aerosol-generating procedures in this specific population. The results demonstrated that to date, neonatal COVID-19 infection is uncommon, generally acquired postnatally, and associated with favorable respiratory outcomes. The reason why infants display a milder spectrum of disease remains unclear. Nonetheless, the risk of severe or critical illness in young patients exists. Currently, the recommended respiratory approach for infants with suspected or confirmed infection is not evidence based but should include all routinely used types of support, with the addition of viral filters, proper personal protective equipment, and placement of infants in isolation rooms, ideally with negative pressure. As information is changing rapidly, clinicians should frequently watch out for updates on the subject.
Key Points
Antiepileptic drugs induce subcritical dynamics in human cortical networks
Authors: Meisel Christian 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Activity propagation in cortex must be carefully balanced to prevent premature die-out and runaway excitation. In this study, large-scale human electrophysiology data and systematic pharmacological control of cortical network interactions are used to provide evidence that cortical network dynamics is controlled by network interactions according to a branching process. The results provide a missing link to the branching process theory of cortical network function with implications for understanding the foundations of cortical excitability, its monitoring in conditions like epilepsy, and how the balance of excitation and inhibition shapes the capacity of temporal information integration in cortical networks.
Features of the implementation of environmental policies by Russian fuel and energy enterprises
Authors: Tsopanova Zarina , Kharitonova Nataliya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The study discovers the problem of combating greenhouse gas emissions, which is most relevant for companies in the fuel and energy complex. The country and industry structure of carbon dioxide emissions was analyzed based on available statistical data. Scenario forecasts of changes in the level of emissions developed by the international energy agency are presented here, possible fiscal measures aimed at preventing further development of the “greenhouse effect are also considered. It was noted that Russian fuel and energy companies need to switch to regular accounting and reporting of actual greenhouse gas emissions, which can ensure that they maintain their achieved level of competitiveness in the world energy markets.
Sulfur-containing emulsions under alternative non-thermal initiation: a way to increase the energy efficiency of chemical processes
Authors: Zanin Alexey , Lopatkin Dmitry , Sobolev Pavel , Sadriddinov Manuchehr , Gibadullin Arthur , Morkovkin Dmitry 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Currently, there is a tendency to develop chemical and chemical-technological processes that consume as little energy as possible. Recently, ionizing and microwave radiation began to be used for these purposes in the chemical industry, since conventional heating can be slow and inefficient, which increases energy consumption. Polymer sulfur, which is one of the modifications of elemental sulfur, has a number of valuable properties, however, the existing methods for its synthesis are characterized by high energy consumption and therefore are disadvantageous. In order to develop a more efficient method for the synthesis of polymer sulfur, the processes that occur in sulfur-containing emulsions under the influence of ionizing and microwave radiation, and the products formed in these processes are investigated.
Assessment of the level of stability and reliability of the electric power complex
Authors: Gibadullin A A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study is aimed at assessing the level of reliability and uninterrupted power supply to consumers. The concept of the reliability of power supply to consumers, which should contain the properties of persistence, uninterrupted operation, durability and maintainability, was presented. In addition, the study analyzed reliability indicators, as a result of which it was revealed that the number of accidents is reduced, however, qualitative indicators, including the number of disconnected consumers, average power outages of consumers and the time of outages, are increasing. At the end of the study, the authors proposed a causal relationship model that affects the reliability and uninterrupted power supply to consumers.
Digital technologies as a tool for improving production and technological activities and information security in Fuel and energy complex
Authors: Dzhafarov E I , Kharitonova N A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article considers the features of using digital technologies in organizations of the fuel and energy complex (FEC). The characteristic features and main problems in the production and auxiliary processes of the oil and gas industry are identified. A study and analysis of the use of blockchain technology based on a variety of distributed registry in the fuel and energy sector, in particular for the oil and gas industry. The encryption algorithm used in blockchain technology is considered. The most relevant models for the application of projects based on distributed database subtechnology in production, trade in oil and natural gas, document management, logistics, with an assessment of the effect of digital technologies in the degree of influence on information security have been developed.
Deducing the N- and O-glycosylation profile of the spike protein of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Shajahan Asif , Supekar Nitin T , Gleinich Anne S , Azadi Parastoo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The current emergence of the novel coronavirus pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) demands the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent rapid progress of mortalities. The coronavirus spike (S) protein, which facilitates viral attachment, entry and membrane fusion is heavily glycosylated and plays a critical role in the elicitation of the host immune response. The spike protein is comprised of two protein subunits (S1 and S2), which together possess 22 potential N-glycosylation sites. Herein, we report the glycosylation mapping on spike protein subunits S1 and S2 expressed on human cells through high-resolution mass spectrometry. We have characterized the quantitative N-glycosylation profile on spike protein and interestingly, observed unexpected O-glycosylation modifications on the receptor-binding domain of spike protein subunit S1. Even though O-glycosylation has been predicted on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, this is the first report of experimental data for both the site of O-glycosylation and identity of the O-glycans attached on the subunit S1. Our data on the N- and O-glycosylation are strengthened by extensive manual interpretation of each glycopeptide spectra in addition to using bioinformatics tools to confirm the complexity of glycosylation in the spike protein. The elucidation of the glycan repertoire on the spike protein provides insights into the viral binding studies and more importantly, propels research toward the development of a suitable vaccine candidate.
The limits of strong government: attempts to control criminality in thirteenth-century England*
Authors: Duggan Kenneth F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article examines how far centrally-directed structures of peacekeeping influenced communal reactions to criminality in thirteenth-century England, and the extent to which developments in the systems and procedures of criminal justice manifested into tighter control over law and order. It challenges claims for the importance of the frankpledge system, offering an alternative means upon which the central government came to rely for the maintenance of law and order. Nevertheless, it also complicates the matter by demonstrating that the mechanisms designed to bring crime more firmly under the state’s control did not necessarily result in greater central control over criminality, let alone reduce local autonomy over criminal justice practices and procedures.
Relationship between iHOT12 and HOS scores in hip pain patients
Authors: Brand Jeff , Hardy Rich , Tori Aerika , Fuchs Hannah , Sungur Engin , Monroe Emily 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To determine if scores of the International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (iHOT12) and the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) correlate with one another in hip pain patients. Patients reporting to an orthopedic clinic for their scheduled appointment for hip pain were given a paper survey consisting of the iHOT12 and the HOS. Demographic information [age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI)] was obtained by chart review. Overall, 114 patients were invited to voluntarily complete the surveys of which 23 declined. Our sample consisted of 91 (57 female and 34 male) patients (80% response rate). The HOS (iHOT12) explained 62% of the variation in iHOT12 (HOS) by using a linear model (Pearson’s correlation(r) is 0.79, P &lt; 0.001). Age, weight, BMI, gender and arthritis did not show a statistically significant predictive power explaining HOS. However, only gender had a ‘statistically’ significant predictive power explaining iHOT12 (P = 0.007). The relationship between the two scores are stronger for males (r = 0.81, P &lt; 0.001) compared with females (r = 0.77, P &lt; 0.001). The proportion of variations explained on one of the scores by the other are 0.66 for males and 0.59 for females. HOS score together with gender explained 64% of the variation in iHOT12 by using a linear model. iHOT12 together with the non-statistically significant gender term explained 62% of the variation in HOS by using a linear model. It may not be necessary to collect both the iHOT12 and HOS, since the predictive power of one on the other is high. Collecting HOS together with information on gender is preferable compared with collecting iHOT12. Level of evidence: Level III.
Potential influence of COVID-19/ACE2 on the female reproductive system
Authors: Jing Yan , Run-Qian Li , Hao-Ran Wang , Hao-Ran Chen , Ya-Bin Liu , Yang Gao , Fei Chen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) appeared in December 2019 and then spread throughout the world rapidly. The virus invades the target cell by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 and modulates the expression of ACE2 in host cells. ACE2, a pivotal component of the renin-angiotensin system, exerts its physiological functions by modulating the levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) and Ang-(1-7). We reviewed the literature that reported the distribution and function of ACE2 in the female reproductive system, hoping to clarify the potential harm of 2019-nCoV to female fertility. The available evidence suggests that ACE2 is widely expressed in the ovary, uterus, vagina and placenta. Therefore, we believe that apart from droplets and contact transmission, the possibility of mother-to-child and sexual transmission also exists. Ang II, ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) regulate follicle development and ovulation, modulate luteal angiogenesis and degeneration, and also influence the regular changes in endometrial tissue and embryo development. Taking these functions into account, 2019-nCoV may disturb the female reproductive functions through regulating ACE2.
Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada: Implications and Considerations for Music Therapists Around the Globe
Authors: Clements-Cortes Amy , Yip Joyce 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhysician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia are two procedures of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) that are readily requested by patients internationally. In April 2016, the legalization of these procedures occurred in Canada after the pursuit of many jurisdictional cases. Known as Bill C-14, this legislation aims to balance patient autonomy at end-of-life with revised standardizations for medical and healthcare professionals. Music therapists may be included in the medical and healthcare team that can be recommended by patients considering MAiD. At present, there are no written guidelines that empirically outline the role of music therapists in this area. This paper explores the global history of MAiD as well as MAiD in the Canadian healthcare system and its implications. Information on the legislation Bill C-14 will be explained, along with a discussion on the current practices of music therapy at end-of-life and the potential scope of a music therapist during the MAiD procedure. Ethical issues and future research are also presented as recommendations to healthcare and music therapy professionals.
Fever and Fever of Unknown Origin: Review, Recent Advances, and Lingering Dogma
Authors: Wright William F , Auwaerter Paul G 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFever has preoccupied physicians since the earliest days of clinical medicine. It has been the subject of scrutiny in recent decades. Historical convention has mostly determined that 37.0°C (98.6°F) should be regarded as normal body temperature, and more modern evidence suggests that fever is a complex physiological response involving the innate immune system and should not be characterized merely as a temperature above this threshold. Fever of unknown origin (FUO) was first defined in 1961 by Petersdorf and Beeson and continues to be a clinical challenge for physicians. Although clinicians may have some understanding of the history of clinical thermometry, how average body temperatures were established, thermoregulation, and pathophysiology of fever, new concepts are emerging. While FUO subgroups and etiologic classifications have remained unchanged since 1991 revisions, the spectrum of diseases, clinical approach to diagnosis, and management are changing. This review considers how newer data should influence both definitions and lingering dogmatic principles. Despite recent advances and newer imaging techniques such as 18-fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography, clinical judgment remains an essential component of care.
Decoding Plant–Environment Interactions That Influence Crop Agronomic Traits
Authors: Mochida Keiichi , Nishii Ryuei , Hirayama Takashi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo ensure food security in the face of increasing global demand due to population growth and progressive urbanization, it will be crucial to integrate emerging technologies in multiple disciplines to accelerate overall throughput of gene discovery and crop breeding. Plant agronomic traits often appear during the plants’ later growth stages due to the cumulative effects of their lifetime interactions with the environment. Therefore, decoding plant–environment interactions by elucidating plants’ temporal physiological responses to environmental changes throughout their lifespans will facilitate the identification of genetic and environmental factors, timing and pathways that influence complex end-point agronomic traits, such as yield. Here, we discuss the expected role of the life-course approach to monitoring plant and crop health status in improving crop productivity by enhancing the understanding of plant–environment interactions. We review recent advances in analytical technologies for monitoring health status in plants based on multi-omics analyses and strategies for integrating heterogeneous datasets from multiple omics areas to identify informative factors associated with traits of interest. In addition, we showcase emerging phenomics techniques that enable the noninvasive and continuous monitoring of plant growth by various means, including three-dimensional phenotyping, plant root phenotyping, implantable/injectable sensors and affordable phenotyping devices. Finally, we present an integrated review of analytical technologies and applications for monitoring plant growth, developed across disciplines, such as plant science, data science and sensors and Internet-of-things technologies, to improve plant productivity.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Pudendal Neuralgia: A Technical Note
Authors: Gregory Nicholas S , Terkawi Abdullah S , Prabhakar Nitin K , Tran Johnathan V , Salmasi Vafi , Hah Jennifer M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPudendal neuropathy is a chronic, disabling form of perineal pain that involves the pudendal nerve, a mixed somatic and autonomic nerve that originates from sacral nerve roots. Peripheral nerve stimulation of the pudendal nerve can be useful to decrease symptom burden in patients who have failed initial conservative treatment modalities.MethodsIn this manuscript, we describe an approach to the placement of a peripheral nerve stimulator for the treatment of pudendal neuralgia. We present a case of complex pelvic neuropathy and review the factors that lead to successful placement. Technical aspects of stimulator placement and ultrasound landmarks are reviewed.ResultsA lateral to medial approach with ultrasound guidance at the level of the ischial spine is likely to facilitate proper lead placement along the course of the pudendal nerve. Aftercare and adherence to postimplant activity restrictions–particularly avoiding use of the extremes of hip flexion and extension for four weeks—lead to the absence of lead migration.ConclusionsPudendal nerve stimulation is an emerging technique for neuromodulation of refractory pudendal neuralgia. Ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve stimulation is a viable technique for neuromodulation of pudendal neuralgia. Optimization of patient selection, ultrasound guidance, and proper adherence to postimplant activity restrictions may be helpful for long-term therapeutic success.