bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fifty‐eight‐year‐old female with abdominal migraine: A rare cause of episodic gastrointestinal disturbance in adults
Authors: Karmali Rehan , Hall‐Wurst Gordon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAbdominal migraine (AM) is a predominantly pediatric condition characterized by erratic episodes of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting with spontaneous periodic relief. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis in symptomatic adults.
Micromolded Carbon Paste Microelectrodes for Electrogenerated Chemiluminescent Detection on Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Gross Erin M. , Porter Laura R. , Stark Nicholas R. , Lowry Emily R. , Schaffer Leah V. , Maddipati Sai Sujana , Hoyt Dylan J. , Stombaugh Sarah E. , Peila Sarah R. , Henry Charles S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicromolded carbon paste electrodes are easily fabricated, disposable, and can be integrated into microfluidic devices to fabricate inexpensive sensors and biosensors. In this work, carbon paste microelectrodes were fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) using micromolding techniques and were coupled to a microfluidic channel to fabricate electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensors. ECL was generated using both the tris(2,2’‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)/tripropylamine system and the hydrogen peroxide/luminol system. For each of these ECL systems, the sensor fabrication method was optimized, along with key experimental parameters (applied voltage, solution flow rate, buffer species and luminol concentration). The limit of detection (S/N=3) for TPrA was approximately 2.4 μM with a linear range of 10–100 μM. For hydrogen peroxide, the LOD was approximately 11 μM and the electrodes gave a linear response between 30 μM and 200 μM hydrogen peroxide. Electrodes containing glucose oxidase were fabricated using this new method, demonstrating that glucose could be indirectly detected via generation of hydrogen peroxide by the enzymatic reaction at the micromolded biosensor.
Appropriate Use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Water Splitting Electrocatalysis
Authors: Anantharaj Sengeni , Noda Suguru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an efficient tool that reveals the electrochemical characteristics of catalysts, surfaces, interfaces, coatings, and so forth. Use of EIS in different areas of energy research wherever current, potential, and charge determine the performance has become inevitable. Electrocatalytic water splitting is one of such fields focused on generating high purity hydrogen, where EIS is used to correlate the activity trends measuring charge transfer resistances (Rct). In doing so, different conventions are followed. A few perform EIS at the open circuit potential (OCP), a few perform at onset potential or at a potential before onset potential, a few perform at different potentials for different catalysts at which they deliver the same current density, and a large group of people choose a constant potential beyond onset, at which all the studied catalysts show appreciable catalytic activity. Existence of such different practices in using EIS to characterize water splitting electrocatalysts often lead to misinterpretation of the activity trends. Hence, to provide a clear view on the appropriate use of EIS in water splitting electrocatalysis, we have carried out a comparative EIS study on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity trend of stainless steel 304 (SS‐304), Co, Ni, and Cu foils in 1 M KOH at all the above‐stated conditions and the results showed that the EIS carried out at constant potentials in the catalytic turnover region is appropriate.
Vortex Layers of Small Thickness
Authors: Caflisch R. E. , Lombardo M. C. , Sammartino M. M. L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe consider a 2D vorticity configuration where vorticity is highly concentrated around a curve and exponentially decaying away from it: the intensity of the vorticity is O(1/ε) on the curve while it decays on an O(ε) distance from the curve itself. We prove that, if the initial datum is of vortex‐layer type, Euler solutions preserve this structure for a time that does not depend on ε. Moreover, the motion of the center of the layer is well approximated by the Birkhoff‐Rott equation. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing beliefs about the consequences of not just right experiences: Psychometric properties of the Not Just Right Experience‐Sensitivity Scale (NJRE‐SS)
Authors: Melli Gabriele , Moulding Richard , Puccetti Camilla , Pinto Antonio , Caccico Laura , Drabik Marta Joanna , Sica Claudio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough current cognitive conceptualizations of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) emphasize that rituals are performed in order to avoid overtly threatening outcomes, it has also been noted that there are individuals for whom the attempt to correct “not just right experiences” (NJREs) rather than dangerous outcomes per se appear important. This article examines the idea that individuals have differing tolerances for—or sensitivity to—NJREs, in a similar manner as occurs regarding for other experience such as the distinction between disgust propensity and disgust sensitivity. In Study 1, using a nonclinical Italian sample, the NJRE‐Sensitivity Scale (NJRE‐SS) was created and refined. Its final version consisted of eight items loading on two subscales—an intolerance of NJREs due to their perceived interference with cognitive tasks and due to their interference with enjoyment of life. In Study 2, the factor structured was confirmed in a separate sample. The measure was found to have convergent validity with related measures including a separate measure assessing the severity and frequency of NJREs themselves. However, the NJRE‐SS predicted OCD symptoms over‐and‐above the general NJRE measure, with particularly the interference with cognitive tasks subscale being of importance. Clinical implications are discussed.
The Implausibility of Neonatal Opioid Toxicity from Breastfeeding
Authors: Zipursky Jonathan , Juurlink David N. 
Published: May 2020

The belief that newborns can develop opioid toxicity from breastfeeding is widely held but supported by very little data. Based largely on a single, highly publicized case report (the “Toronto case”), major health agencies worldwide now caution against codeine use by nursing mothers. As a result, “stronger” opioids with greater abuse liability are increasingly prescribed in its place, potentially to the detriment of maternal health. We re‐examine aspects of this case report to demonstrate why such an occurrence is highly implausible. The Toronto case involved the death of a 13‐day‐old infant from opioid toxicity. The child’s mother, who took codeine while breastfeeding, was found to have a duplication of CYP2D6*2, consistent with ultrarapid metabolizer status. This led to the conclusion that the child died from opioid toxicity due to enhanced maternal conversion of codeine to morphine, with the subsequent passage of large amounts of morphine into breast milk. We argue that this explanation is implausible based upon several factors: (1) the exceedingly small amount of opioids passed into breastmilk irrespective of maternal CYP genotype, (2) the observation that significant neonatal opioid accumulation can only occur in the setting of severely impaired renal function, and (3) the previously unreported finding of a markedly elevated codeine concentration in postmortem blood. Finally, a review of the literature identifies a paucity of convincing reports of neonatal opioid toxicity during breastfeeding, with no other confirmed cases of neonatal death despite the use of these drugs by millions of nursing mothers over the past 2 decades.
Human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents and young women: Prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Ribeiro Andrea Alves , Saddi Vera Aparecida , Carneiro Megmar Aparecida , Figueiredo‐Alves Rosane Ribeiro , da Silva Barros Narriman Kênnia , de Almeida Carvalho Keila Patricia , do Nascimento Tavares Suelene Brito , de Araújo Teles Sheila , D'Alessandro Walmirton Bezerra , Rabelo‐Santos Silvia Helena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections among adolescents and young adult women and to identify the risk factors associated.MethodsThis study included 276 sexually active participants, classified as adolescents (15‐19 years) and young adult women (20‐24 years) that realized conventional cytology and were tested for 27 HPV genotypes and for CT. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with both infections.ResultsThe prevalence of HPV infection was 50.7% in adolescents and 43.0% in young adult women. The HPV‐16 was the most prevalent (27.7%), followed by HPV‐68 (6.9%), HPV‐52 (6.2%), HPV‐39 (4.6%), and HPV‐73 (4.6%). The prevalence of CT infection was 11.5% among adolescents and 6.2% among young adult women. Cytological abnormalities were found in 14.2% among adolescents, of which 80.9% were positive for HPV and 10% of young adult women of which 84.6% were positive for HPV infection. HPV16 and HPV 68 were detected in 35.7% and 32.1% of cases with cytological abnormalities. Factors independently associated with HPV infection obtained by multivariate analysis were unmarried or divorced marital status and the presence of cytological abnormalities. The same variables were analyzed for the association with CT infection, and the association with cytological abnormalities remained significant.ConclusionHPV and CT infections are very prevalent in adolescent and young adult women; these findings reinforce the need of early vaccination, prior to the onset of sexual activity, and justify implementation of molecular screening tests.
Simulated rhizosphere deposits induce microbial N‐mining that may accelerate shrubification in the subarctic
Authors: Hicks Lettice C. , Leizeaga Ainara , Rousk Kathrin , Michelsen Anders , Rousk Johannes 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClimate change is exposing high‐latitude systems to warming and a shift towards more shrub‐dominated plant communities, resulting in increased leaf‐litter inputs at the soil surface, and more labile root‐derived organic matter (OM) input in the soil profile. Labile OM can stimulate the mineralization of soil organic matter (SOM); a phenomenon termed “priming.” In N‐poor subarctic soils, it is hypothesized that microorganisms may “prime” SOM in order to acquire N (microbial N‐mining). Increased leaf‐litter inputs with a high C/N ratio might further exacerbate microbial N demand, and increase the susceptibility of N‐poor soils to N‐mining. We investigated the N‐control of SOM mineralization by amending soils from climate change–simulation treatments in the subarctic (+1.1°C warming, birch litter addition, willow litter addition, and fungal sporocarp addition) with labile OM either in the form of glucose (labile C; equivalent to 400 µg C/g fresh [fwt] soil) or alanine (labile C + N; equivalent to 400 µg C and 157 µg N/g fwt soil), to simulate rhizosphere inputs. Surprisingly, we found that despite 5 yr of simulated climate change treatments, there were no significant effects of the field‐treatments on microbial process rates, community structure or responses to labile OM. Glucose primed the mineralization of both C and N from SOM, but gross mineralization of N was stimulated more than that of C, suggesting that microbial SOM use increased in magnitude and shifted to components richer in N (i.e., selective microbial N‐mining). The addition of alanine also resulted in priming of both C and N mineralization, but the N mineralization stimulated by alanine was greater than that stimulated by glucose, indicating strong N‐mining even when a source of labile OM including N was supplied. Microbial carbon use efficiency was reduced in response to both labile OM inputs. Overall, these findings suggest that shrub expansion could fundamentally alter biogeochemical cycling in the subarctic, yielding more N available for plant uptake in these N‐limited soils, thus driving positive plant–soil feedbacks.
Masking effects on subjective annoyance to aircraft flyover noise: An fMRI study
Authors: Yu Nishuai , Cai Jun , Xu Xuanyue , Yang Yining , Sun Junfeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSound masking, a new noise control technology, has been applied to improve subjective perception of noise in recent years. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this technology are still unclear. In this study, 18 healthy subjects were recurited to take subjective annoyance assessments and fMRI scanning with the aircraft noise and the masked aircraft noise. The results showed that the noise annoyance was associated with deficient functional connectivity between anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal cortex and exceeded brain activation in ACC, which might be explained as compensation. The sound masking led to significantly strong activation in the left medial frontal cortex and right medial orbital frontal cortex, which were associated with happy emotion induced by sound masking. This study offered new insights on the underlying neural mechanisms of sound masking effects.
Synthesis of Ahod Moiety of Ralstonin A Using Amino Acid Schiff Base Ni(II)‐Complex Chemistry
Authors: Oyama Kie , Han Jianlin , Moriwaki Hiroki , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Konno Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReported here is the asymmetric synthesis of N‐Boc‐protected (2S,3S)‐3‐amino‐2‐hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, a component of ralstonin A and ralstoamide A. Key synthetic steps include alkylation of chiral Ni(II) complex of glycine Schiff base, conversion of COOH to keto acid (CO−COOH) and reduction of the carbonyl group to generate α‐hydroxy functionality. The structure and absolute configuration of (2S,3S)‐N‐Boc‐3‐amino‐2‐hydroxyoctadecanoic acid was shown to be identical to that of the naturally occurring compound.
The Post: A token woman leader's transformation
Authors: Cho Yonjoo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this precarious time of staying at home due to the Covid‐19 pandemic, people often ask around what movies are worth watching. I recommend the movie, The Post, directed by Steven Spielberg in 2017. In this review, I am going to provide a rationale for why I keep returning to the movie: it gave me opportunities to ponder what it means to be a token woman leader who began as a housewife and became a transformational leader in U.S. history. I present here select notable scenes that are memorable and inspiring. To that end, I capture the scenes first and then add my own reviews from the lens of women's leadership. My conclusion: we need to hear more transformational women leaders' voices that will help inspire women in the next generation.
Alteration of the morphology of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane by incorporatingMOF‐199 nanomaterials for improving water permeation with antifouling and antibacterial property
Authors: Wang Hai‐Tao , Ao De , Lu Mei‐Chan , Chang Na 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMOF‐199@PVDF composite membranes are prepared by blending with different amounts of ultrasonic synthesized MOF‐199 nanomaterials for improving the pure water flux (PWF) and achieving better antifouling and antibacterial performance. The membrane morphology, elemental composition, and surface properties are analyzed by various means of characterizations, including scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The performance of the modified membranes is also determined from the perspective of the PWF, bovine serum albumin rejection, as well as antifouling and antibacterial properties. Due to the variation in the viscosity of dope solution, the composite membranes possess remarkably different morphology, and the M5 membrane, which exhibited a sponge‐like structure, the largest surface pore size, and the highest porosity, shows the highest PWF, reaching up to 185.05 L/m2h. Moreover, with the incorporation of MOF‐199 nanocrystals, the antifouling property, together with the antibacterial property, toward both gram‐negative bacteria and gram‐positive bacteria, based on M5 and M7 membranes, increases dramatically compared with the pristine polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. In addition, the long‐term permeation performance and copper leakage of the membrane are investigated. As a result, the composite membrane, M5, shows great potential in real water treatment.
Sequential extraction of lutein and β‐carotene from wet microalgal biomass
Authors: Di Caprio Fabrizio , Altimari Pietro , Pagnanelli Francesca 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroalgae are a promising resource to produce carotenoids for food/feed applications. However, energy‐intensive pre‐treatments such as drying and cell destruction can hinder the sustainability of the process. Direct extraction from wet biomass may reduce energy consumption, but the residual water can reduce the effectiveness of the organic solvents used for the extraction. In this work, the extraction of lutein and β‐carotene from wet untreated microalgal biomass is investigated. The process includes a sequence of successive extraction stages with methanol.RESULTSWe show that the sequential extraction can effectively overcome the reduced extraction efficiency induced by the residual water in the biomass. The biomass was dehydrated during the first extraction stage, which increased the efficiency starting from the second stage. This allowed an extraction yield of >95% to be attained for both lutein and β‐carotene after five extraction stages. A mathematical model was developed by coupling mass balances with a linear equilibrium model, satisfactorily describing the partition of the two carotenoids between the solid and the solvent phase. By fitting the model to the data obtained by the first extraction stage, liquid–solid partition coefficients (Kd) equal to 2.0 × 10−3 and 1.1 × 10−4 were estimated for lutein and β‐carotene, respectively. The Kd of both carotenoids increased to ≈10−2 during the six subsequent extraction stages without water.CONCLUSIONSDirect solvent extraction from wet untreated microalgal biomass is a promising strategy to produce carotenoids. The described model can provide guidelines to design industrial processes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Microwave‐assisted synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazole‐4‐carbonitriles as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Sood Sumit , Kumari Poonam , Yadav Ajar Nath , Kumar Anil , Singh Karan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn efficient microwave‐assisted method of synthesis of pyrazole‐4‐carbonitriles has been developed. Condensation of pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehydes with hydroxylamine hydrochloride followed by reaction of the resulting oximes with the Vilsmeier‐Haack reagent pre‐formed from phthaloyl dichloride and dimethylformamide under microwave irradiation afforded the corresponding pyrazole‐4‐carbonitriles in 73% to 91% yield. The operational simplicity, avoidance of toxic reagents such as POCl3, shorter reaction time, higher yield compared to the classical version, easy work up, and the use of the by‐product in the regeneration of phthaloyl dichloride are the advantages of this methodology. All the target compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus; Gram‐negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Yersinia enterocolitica, and the fungal species Candida albicans.
Revisiting the trustworthiness–trust relationship: Exploring the differential predictors of cognition‐ and affect‐based trust
Authors: Tomlinson Edward C. , Schnackenberg Andrew K. , Dawley David , Ash Steven R. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWe seek to develop a better understanding of interpersonal trust by bridging the gap between two heretofore distinct paradigms of trust. One paradigm views trust in terms of two dimensions: cognition‐ and affect‐based. The other paradigm views trust as being distinct from trustworthiness, which has four dimensions: ability, behavioral integrity, benevolence, and values congruence. Currently, theoretical consensus is lacking about the antecedents of cognition‐ and affect‐based trust in the first paradigm that incorporates insights from research on trustworthiness in the second paradigm. We show that this lack of consensus is problematic for internal knowledge development and external knowledge expansion. Thus, we join both paradigms by theorizing that ability and behavioral integrity are the most important predictors of cognition‐based trust, whereas benevolence and values congruence are the most important predictors of affect‐based trust. Across two samples, we found that our predictions were largely supported. Based on relative weights analysis, ability and behavioral integrity were more important than values congruence in predicting cognition‐based trust, and benevolence was more important than ability in predicting affect‐based trust. Furthermore, we found evidence that these relationships were largely robust to changes in the referent of analysis.
Identification of a functional dddD‐Rh for dimethyl sulfide production in the Antarctic Rhodococcus sp. NJ‐530
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Qu Changfeng , Wang Xixi , Gao Xuxu , Zhang Honghai , Miao Jinlai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is widespread in the oceans, and its biological metabolite, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), plays an important role in the atmosphere. The Antarctic region has become a hotspot in DMS studies due to the high spatial and temporal variability in DMS(P) concentration, but the level of bacterial DMS production remains unclear. In this study, a bacterium isolated from Antarctic floating ice, Rhodococcus sp. NJ‐530, was found to metabolize DMSP into DMS, and the rate of DMS production was measured as 3.96 pmol·mg protein−1·h−1. Rhodococcus sp. NJ‐530 had a DddD‐Rh enzyme containing two CaiB domains, which belonged to the CoA‐transferase III superfamily. However, the DddD‐Rh had a molecular weight of 73.21 kDa, which was very different from previously characterized DddD enzymes in sequence and evolution. In vitro assays showed that DddD‐Rh was functional in the presence of acetyl‐CoA. This was the first functional DddD from Gram‐positive Actinobacteria. Moreover, a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction revealed that high temperature facilitated the expression of dddD‐Rh, and changes of salinity had little effect on it. This study adds new evidence to the bacterial DMS production in the Southern Ocean and provides a basis for investigating the metabolic mechanism of DMSP in extreme environments.
Study on the characteristics and mechanisms of nicosulfuron biodegradation by Bacillus velezensis CF57
Authors: Zhang Chenfang , Chen Lai , Si Helong , Gao Wei , Liu Peng , Zhang Jinlin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNicosulfuron is one of the main sulfonylurea herbicides that have been widely used to protect maize crops. A total of 10 nicosulfuron‐degrading strains were isolated from the intestine tract of earthworm Eisenia foetida. Among them, Bacillus velezensis CF57 with the highest degradation efficiency was selected and studied in detail. The degradation characteristics of CF57 showed that it was able to effectively degrade nicosulfuron in a wide range of temperature, pH, and a low inoculation amount, and the response surface analysis revealed that the optimum degradation conditions were 30.8 °C, pH 6.31, and inoculation amount 3.04%. Meanwhile, CF57 could degrade high‐concentration nicosulfuron efficiently and posed a broad degradation spectrum of other sulfonylurea herbicides. Furthermore, the localization of degradation enzyme indicated that the nicosulfuron‐degrading enzyme was an extracellular fraction. By analyzing the metabolites of nicosulfuron, it could be further determined that the degradation of nicosulfuron by strain CF57 was mainly through the extracellular enzyme, and its possible degradation pathway was mainly derived from the cleavage of the C–N bond of the sulfonylurea bridge. These results may provide new insights into bioremediation of nicosulfuron‐contaminated environments and enrich the resources of degrading bacteria of sulfonylurea herbicides.