bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemometric comparison of almond oxidation rates using kinetic parameters obtained by infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Román Falcó Iván P , Prats Moya María Soledad , Maestre Pérez Salvador E , Martín Carratalá Maria L , Grané Teruel Nuria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe study of almond fat stability is essential from a quality control perspective meanly because, in most of the cases, almonds are sold skinned and thermally treated. In this work an alternative method to Rancimat test based on attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectrometry was adapted for checking the induced degradation at 75 °C of seven almond oil cultivars, three of the top Californian producing varieties, and, four traditional cultivars harvested in Spain.RESULTSThe thermal oil degradation evolution was followed by measuring the changes in the absorbance of the selected FTIR spectra bands (3470, 3006, 1730, 1630, 988 and 970 cm−1). A first‐order kinetic behaviour was observed, after an induction time in all bands.CONCLUSIONSKinetic coefficients and induction times were easily obtained as the absorbance values (from difference spectra) fitted to pseudo‐first‐order kinetics after the induction time. Principal component analysis was applied to the kinetic parameters to visualize which variables could be useful to classify the almond cultivars based on their resistance to thermal oxidation processes. It was found that selecting only the induction times corresponding to the bands 3470, 3006, 1630 and 970 cm−1 a separate classification of the Californian cultivars from the Spanish ones was possible. Finally, a linear discriminant analysis was assayed using only the four induction times previously selected. Validated classification and correct in 100% of the cases was obtained for all the samples based on their Spanish or Californian origin. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Lipase catalysis of α‐linolenic acid‐rich medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols from perilla oil and medium‐chain triacylglycerols with reduced by‐products
Authors: Huang Zhaoxian , Cao Zhenyu , Guo Zengwang , Chen Liang , Wang Zhongjiang , Sui Xiaonan , Jiang Lianzhou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMedium‐ and long‐ chain triacylglycerols (MLCTs) are functional structural lipids that can provide the human body with essential fatty acids and a faster energy supply. This study aimed to prepare MLCTs rich in α‐linolenic by enzymatic interesterification of perilla oil and medium‐chain triacylglycerols (MCTs), catalyzed by Lipozyme RM IM, Lipozyme TL IM, Lipozyme 435, and Novozyme 435 respectively.RESULTSThe effects of lipase loading, concentration of MCTs, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the yield of MLCTs were investigated. It was found that the reaction achieved more than a 70% yield of MLCTs in triacylglycerols under the conditions of 400 g kg−1 MCTs and 60 g kg−1 lipase loading after equilibrium. A novel two‐stage deodorization was also applied to purify the interesterification products. The triacylglycerols reach over 97% purity in the products with significant removal (P < 0.05) of the free fatty acids, and the trans fatty acids were strictly controlled at below 1%. There was more than 40% α‐linolenic in the purified products, with long‐chain fatty acids mostly occupying the desired sn‐2 position in acylglycerols, which are more active in hydrolysis.CONCLUSIONA series of novel α‐linolenic acid‐rich medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols was prepared. Under appropriate reaction conditions, the yield of MLCTs in triacylglycerols was above 70%. A novel two‐stage deodorization can be used to promote the elimination of free fatty acids and limit the generation of trans fatty acids. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of low‐temperature vacuum heating on physicochemical properties of sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) fillets
Authors: Cai Wen‐qiang , Wei Jian‐ling , Chen Yue‐wen , Dong Xiu‐ping , Zhang Jing‐na , Bai Fan , Zheng Li‐li , Shi Yu‐gang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSturgeon is popular for its nutritious value and its taste. However, sturgeon fillets are traditionally heated in 100 °C boiling water, resulting in unfavorable taste and with a negative effect on the quality. This study considered the effect of combinations of vacuum and low‐temperature treatments (LTVH groups) on sturgeon fillets compared with the traditional heat treatment (TC groups).RESULTSThe results show that the LTVH groups had lower cooking‐loss rates. All LTVH fillets were changed to a white color, and appeared ‘done’, as did the TC fillets. The LTVH and TC methods gave rise to significant differences in texture: the springiness of the LTVH groups decreased with heating time, and decreased rapidly in the TC groups (P < 0.05); hardness and chewiness increased with time and temperature in the LTVH groups, but decreased in the TC groups. More compact and denser gaps were observed in LTVH70 groups and TC groups. Less protein and lipid oxidation was evident in LTVH groups, including more myofibril protein solubility; there was less protein aggregation, fewer thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and Schiff base.CONCLUSIONVacuum and low‐temperature treated sturgeon fillets can be served as a good alternative. This treatment caused slight tissue damage and less proteolysis and lipid oxidation, which is beneficial for the quality of aquatic products.
Image quality equivalence between peak luminance and chromaticity gamut
Authors: Park Yongmin , Murdoch Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces a psychophysical experiment to investigate the image quality trade‐off relationship between peak luminance and the chromaticity area of the color gamut of a display device and models to predict equivalent image quality based on the experimental results. Our experimental results confirmed the hypothesis that the peak luminance required to maintain equivalent image quality tends to decrease as the color gamut area expands. At the same time, the relationship between peak luminance and color gamut strongly depends on image content. Based on the experimental results, two models are suggested. These models show good performance in terms of predicting the required luminance levels for given color gamut areas. Notably, the model built using an observer‐chosen region of interest (ROI) in an image slightly outperforms the model generated without this information.
Switchable‐hydrophilicity solvent liquid‐liquid microextraction versus dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction prior to HPLC‐UV for the determination and isolation of piperine from Piper nigrum L
Authors: Al‐Nidawi Mais , Alshana Usama , Caleb Jude , Hassan Malek , Rahman Zia ur , Hanoğlu Duygu Yiğit , Çalış İhsan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSwitchable‐hydrophilicity solvent liquid‐liquid microextraction and dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction were compared for the extraction of piperine from Piper nigrum L. prior to its analysis by using high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Under optimum conditions, limits of detection and quantitation were found as 0.2–0.6 and 0.7–2.0 μg/mg with the two methods, respectively. Calibration graphs showed good linearity with coefficients of determination (R2) higher than 0.9962 and percentage relative standard deviations lower than 6.8%. Both methods were efficiently used for the extraction of piperine from black and white pepper samples from different origins and percentage relative recoveries ranged between 90.0 and 106.0%. The results showed that switchable‐hydrophilicity solvent liquid‐liquid microextraction is a better alternative to dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction for the routine analysis of piperine in food samples. A novel scaled‐up dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction method was also proposed for the isolation of piperine providing a yield of 102.9 ± 4.9% and purity higher than 98.0% as revealed by NMR spectroscopy.
Coupled changes in traits and biomasses cascading through a tritrophic plankton food web
Authors: Ehrlich Elias , Gaedke Ursula 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTrait‐based approaches have broadened our understanding of how the composition of ecological communities responds to environmental drivers. This research has mainly focussed on abiotic factors and competition determining the community trait distribution, while effects of trophic interactions on trait dynamics, if considered at all, have been studied for two trophic levels at maximum. However, natural food webs are typically at least tritrophic. This enables indirect interactions of traits and biomasses among multiple trophic levels leading to underexplored effects on food web dynamics. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence of mutual trait adjustment among three trophic levels in a natural plankton food web (Lake Constance) and in a corresponding mathematical model. We found highly recurrent seasonal biomass and trait dynamics, where herbivorous zooplankton increased its size, and thus its ability to counter phytoplankton defense, before phytoplankton defense actually increased. This is contrary to predictions from bitrophic systems where counter‐defense of the consumer is a reaction to prey defense. In contrast, counter‐defense of carnivores by size adjustment followed the defense of herbivores as expected. By combining observations and model simulations, we show how the reversed trait dynamics at the two lower trophic levels result from a “trophic biomass–trait cascade” driven by the carnivores. Trait adjustment between two trophic levels can therefore be altered by biomass or trait changes of adjacent trophic levels. Hence, analyses of only pairwise trait adjustment can be misleading in natural food webs, while multitrophic trait‐based approaches capture indirect biomass–trait interactions among multiple trophic levels.
Polymeric Nanoparticles that Combine Dexamethasone and Naproxen for the Synergistic Inhibition of Il12b Transcription in Macrophages
Authors: Espinosa‐Cano Eva , Aguilar Maria Rosa , Portilla Yadileiny , Barber Domingo F. , San Román Julio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated in vivo synergistic immunosuppressive and anti‐inflammatory capacity of dexamethasone (Dx) and naproxen (NAP) in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) rats. However, the molecular basis of this synergistic effect is barely understood. The low solubility of these drugs and their adverse effects hamper their efficacy on the treatment of inflammatory processes making nanoparticulated systems promising candidates to overcome these drawbacks. The aim of this work is the preparation of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) that combine NAP and Dx in different concentrations, and the evaluation of the expression of key genes related to autoimmune diseases like CIA. To do so, self‐assembled polymeric NPs that incorporate covalently‐linked NAP and physically entrapped Dx are designed to have hydrodynamic properties that, according to bibliography, may improve retention and colocalization of both drugs at inflammation sites. The rapid uptake of NPs by macrophages is demonstrated using coumarine‐6‐loaded NPs. Dx is efficiently encapsulated and in vitro biological studies demonstrate that the Dx‐loaded NAP‐bearing NPs are noncytotoxic and reduce lipopolysaccharide‐induced NO released levels at any of the tested concentrations. Moreover, at the molecular level, a significant synergistic reduction of Il12b transcript gene expression when combining Dx and NAP is demonstrated.
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Assisted Preparation of Polysiloxane Main‐Chain Liquid‐Crystalline Elastomers
Authors: Wang Xiuxiu , Zhao Nan , Qin Ban , Xu Jiaojiao , Yang Wenlong , Li Chensha , Sun Liguo , Zhang Jianqi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor the first time, an ultrasonics sonochemistry method is developed to promote the one‐pot hydrosilylation polyaddition polymerization and crosslinking reaction in the preparation of polysiloxane main‐chain liquid‐crystalline elastomers (MC‐LCEs). Due to the extraordinary effect of acoustic cavitation, the polyaddition polymerization and crosslinking reaction can be successfully carried out in an ordinary laboratory ultrasonic cleaner at room temperature, and generates the LCE matrix network in about 30 min. The prepared MC‐LCEs demonstrate good quality, good properties, and stimuli‐actuation performances. Compared to the traditional thermal processing methods for preparing polysiloxane MC‐LCEs, this method exhibits superior properties rapidly, with high convenience and efficiency, and can be a path for batch fabrication at low cost. The work also demonstrates that the ultrasonics sonochemistry method is effective in generating linear main‐chain liquid crystal polymers through hydrosilylation polyaddition and polysiloxane side‐chain LCE matrix through hydrosilylation crosslinking reaction, thus confirming the high availability of ultrasonics sonochemistry in the processes of hydrosilylation polymerization, crosslinking reactions, or synchronous polymerization and crosslinking reactions.
Penicillin‐binding protein PBP2a provides variable levels of protection toward different β‐lactams in Staphylococcus aureus RN4220
Authors: Fergestad Marte Ekeland , Stamsås Gro Anita , Morales Angeles Danae , Salehian Zhian , Wasteson Yngvild , Kjos Morten 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is resistant to most β‐lactams due to the expression of an extra penicillin‐binding protein, PBP2a, with low β‐lactam affinity. It has long been known that heterologous expression of the PBP2a‐encoding mecA gene in methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) provides protection towards β‐lactams, however, some reports suggest that the degree of protection can vary between different β‐lactams. To test this more systematically, we introduced an IPTG‐inducible mecA into the MSSA laboratory strain RN4220. We confirm, by growth assays as well as single‐cell microfluidics time‐lapse microscopy experiments, that PBP2a expression protects against β‐lactams in S. aureus RN4220. By testing a panel of ten different β‐lactams, we conclude that there is also a great variation in the level of protection conferred by PBP2a. Expression of PBP2a resulted in an only fourfold increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for imipenem, while a 32‐fold increase in MIC was observed for cefaclor and cephalexin. Interestingly, in our experimental setup, PBP2a confers the highest protection against cefaclor and cephalexin—two β‐lactams that are known to have a high specific affinity toward the transpeptidase PBP3 of S. aureus. Notably, using a single‐cell microfluidics setup we demonstrate a considerable phenotypic variation between cells upon β‐lactam exposure and show that mecA‐expressing S. aureus can survive β‐lactam concentrations much higher than the minimal inhibitory concentrations. We discuss possible explanations and implications of these results including important aspects regarding treatment of infection.
Convincing evidence for magic angle less‐sensitive quantitative T1ρ imaging of articular cartilage using the 3D ultrashort echo time cones adiabatic T1ρ (3D UTE cones‐AdiabT1ρ) sequence
Authors: Wu Mei , Ma Ya-jun , Kasibhatla Akhil , Chen Mingxin , Jang Hyungseok , Jerban Saeed , Chang Eric Y. , Du Jiang 
Published: May 2020

PurposeTo investigate the magic angle effect in three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time Cones Adiabatic T1ρ (3D UTE Cones‐AdiabT1ρ) imaging of articular cartilage at 3T.MethodsThe magic angle effect was investigated by repeated 3D UTE Cones‐AdiabT1ρ imaging of eight human patellar samples at five angular orientations ranging from 0° to 90° relative to the B0 field. Cones continuous wave T1ρ (Cones‐CW‐T1ρ) and Cones‐
sequences were also applied for comparison. Cones‐AdiabT1ρ, Cones‐CW‐T1ρ and Cones‐
values were measured for four regions of interest (ROIs) (10% superficial layer, 60% transitional layer, 30% radial layer, and a global ROI) for each sample at each orientation to evaluate their angular dependence.Results3D UTE Cones‐AdiabT1ρ values increased from the radial layer to the superficial layer for all angular orientations. The superficial layer showed the least angular dependence (around 4.4%), while the radial layer showed the strongest angular dependence (around 34.4%). Cones‐AdiabT1ρ values showed much reduced magic angle effect compared to Cones‐CW‐T1ρ and Cones‐
values for all four ROIs. On average over eight patellae, Cones‐AdiabT1ρ values increased by 27.2% (4.4% for superficial, 23.8% for transitional, and 34.4% for radial layers), Cones‐CW‐T1ρ values increased by 76.9% (11.3% for superficial, 59.1% for transitional, and 117.8% for radial layers), and Cones‐
values increased by 237.5% (87.9% for superficial, 262.9% for transitional, and 327.3% for radial layers) near the magic angle.ConclusionsThe 3D UTE Cones‐AdiabT1ρ sequence is less sensitive to the magic angle effect in the evaluation of articular cartilage compared to Cones‐
and Cones‐CW‐T1ρ.
Polyester composites filled with walnut shell powder: Preparation and thermal characterization
Authors: Pradhan Priyabrat , Nanda Bishnu Prasad , Satapathy Alok 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article reports on the fabrication and subsequently on the thermal properties of a biomaterial filled polymer composite consisting of polyester and walnut shell powder (WSP) in different proportions. The focus has been given to the evaluation of effective properties of the composites like thermal conductivity, glass transition temperature, and coefficient of thermal expansion. The experimental findings obtained for thermal conductivity are supported by the mathematical and numerical analysis made under suitable assumptions. A mathematical correlation is proposed to predict the effective thermal conductivity (Keff) of such particulate filled polymer composites. For the numerical study, a commercially available finite‐element package ANSYS19.2R2 is used to calculate the thermal conductivity of the composites. One dimensional heat conduction analysis is performed across composites with the periodic and randomly oriented arrangement of spherical fillers in different concentrations. Thermal conductivities of the composites are measured with Unitherm Model 2022 tester to validate the results. These values are then compared with effective thermal conductivities obtained from the proposed mathematical correlation and are found to be in close agreement with one another. It is concluded from this study that the addition of WSP improves the thermal insulation capability of neat polyester to a reasonable extent.
Deciphering the structure of itaconate‐based unsaturated polyester resins by high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Molina Julien , Mahmoud Ziad , Hubert‐Roux Marie , Azaroual Nathalie , Afonso Carlos , Schuller Anne‐Sophie , Rolando Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnsaturated polyester (UP) resins are widely used to manufacture composite materials and fulfil a wide panel of specification for industrial or domestic applications at low cost. These resins consist of a highly viscous polyester oligomer and a reactive diluent, which allow their processability and crosslinking. The oligomers are synthesized from diols and saturated or unsaturated diacids. Maleic anhydride is classically used as an unsaturated acid because of its reactivity for esterification and its competitive cost. However, maleic anhydride is petroleum based and classified as skin and respiratory sensitizing by the European Chemicals Agency. Itaconic acid which is recognized as one of the top 12 biobased molecules by the US Department of Energy is a biobased alternative with a reactive unsaturation. In this work, a UP based on propylene glycol, itaconic acid and dimethyl terephthalate was synthesized by polycondensation and characterized by high resolution mass spectroscopy, 1H, 13C 1D and 2D NMR as well as ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry. The main structures were linear but cyclic species and a few branched chains due to the intermolecular Ordelt reaction were also detected by NMR and high resolution mass spectroscopy. Molecular modelling has indeed demonstrated that itaconate‐based UPs are more prone to cyclization than fumarate‐based UPs. Moreover, NMR analysis showed a significant consumption of itaconate unsaturation by the Ordelt reaction. Ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry allowed an additional structure to be distinguished for the same m/z peaks first attributed to a linear structure only. These results suggest the existence of cyclic species based on an intramolecular Ordelt reaction. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Predictors of women's sexual outcomes after implant‐based breast reconstruction
Authors: van de Grift Tim C. , Mureau Marc A. M. , Negenborn Vera N. , Dikmans Rieky E. G. , Bouman Mark‐Bram , Mullender Margriet G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough breast reconstruction has become an important treatment modality following mastectomy, few studies assessed predictors of postoperative sexual outcomes after breast reconstruction. Therefore, we aimed to study three sexual outcomes following implant‐based breast reconstruction (IBBR), and associate multiple biopsychosocial factors with these outcomes.MethodsData collection was part of a multicenter prospective study on IBBR. A predictive model was tested including medical, background and psychological predictors, partner relationship factors and physical sexual function. Data collection included clinical and questionnaire data (preoperatively and 1 year following reconstruction) using the BREAST‐Q Sexual well‐being scale (BQ5), and questions regarding sexual dysfunction and sexual satisfaction questions (Female Sexual Function Index).ResultsThe study sample consisted of 88 women who underwent mastectomy and IBBR. Mean postoperative BQ5 scores were lower than before surgery (M = 58 [SD = 18] vs 65 [SD = 20]; P = .01, Wilks' Lamdba = .88). Sexual dysfunctions were related strongest to orgasm inability and vaginal lubrication issues. The tested models predicted 37%‐46% of the sexual outcomes: sexual outcomes were mostly predicted by psychosocial well‐being, physical sexual function and partner support. Preoperative sexual and psychosocial well‐being were positively associated with postoperative sexual well‐being (r = 0.45 and r = 0.47).ConclusionsAlthough moderately positive sexual outcomes were reported after IBBR, some women reported issues with vaginal lubrication, breast sensation and orgasm. Sexual dysfunctions were predicted by vaginal lubrication and medical treatments, while sexual well‐being and satisfaction were more predicted by psychosocial well‐being and partner support. We advocate supportive care that includes partners and psychosocial functioning to optimize sexual outcomes after IBBR.