bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kawasaki disease seasonality in Venezuela supports an arbovirus infection trigger
Authors: Paniz‐Mondolfi Alberto E. , van den Akker Tayler , Márquez‐Colmenarez Marilianna C. , Delgado‐Noguera Lourdes A. , Valderrama Omar , Sordillo Emilia M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is an inflammatory disease primarily affecting infants and young children, whose etiology remains uncertain. Observational studies of the overlap between KD outbreaks and seasonal peaks of arboviral infections, suggest the possible role of these pathogens as triggers of KD. In Venezuela, regions with the highest reported arboviral infections simultaneously have the highest incidence of KD. One proposed explanation for this association involves the role of proinflammatory mediators, interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor as mediators of coronary endothelial damage. The promotion of inflammation and tissue destruction by these cytokines is thought to contribute to the coronary endothelial damage experienced in KD. The utilization of overlapping KD and arboviral infection trends contribute to the comprehension of KD etiology, with improvements in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
Outcome measures from experimental traumatic brain injury in male rats vary with the complete temporal biomechanical profile of the injury event
Authors: Abdul‐Wahab Radia , Long Mathew T. , Ordaz Rafael , Lyeth Bruce G. , Pfister Bryan J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMillions suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year wherein the outcomes associated with injury can vary greatly between individuals. This study postulates that variations in each biomechanical parameter of a head trauma lead to differences in histological and behavioral outcome measures that should be considered collectively in assessing injury. While trauma severity typically scales with the magnitude of injury, much less is known about the effects of rate and duration of the mechanical insult. In this study, a newly developed voice‐coil fluid percussion injury system was used to investigate the effects of injury rate and fluid percussion impulse on a collection of post‐injury outcomes in male rats. Collectively the data suggest a potential shift in the specificity and progression of neuronal injury and function rather than a general scaling of injury severity. While a faster, shorter fluid percussion first presents as a mild TBI, neuronal loss and some behavioral tasks were similar among the slower and faster fluid percussion injuries. This study concludes that the sequelae of neuronal degeneration and behavioral outcomes are related to the complete temporal profile of the fluid percussion and do not scale only with peak pressure.
Absorbing aerosols and high‐temperature extremes in India: A general circulation modelling study
Authors: Mondal Arpita , Sah Neeraj , Sharma Arushi , Venkataraman Chandra , Patil Nitin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHeat waves in India during the pre‐monsoon months have significant impacts on human health, productivity and mortality. While greenhouse gas‐induced global warming is believed to accentuate high temperature extremes, anthropogenic aerosols predominantly constituted by radiation‐scattering sulfate are believed to cause an overall cooling in most world regions. However, the Indian region is marked by an abundance of absorbing aerosols, such as black carbon (BC) and dust. The goal of this work was to understand the association between aerosols, particularly those that are absorbing in nature, and high‐temperature extremes in north‐central India during the pre‐monsoon season. We use 30‐year simulations from a chemistry‐coupled atmosphere‐only general circulation model (GCM), ECHAM6‐HAM2, forced with evolving aerosol emissions in an interactive aerosol module, along with observed evolving SSTs. A composite of high‐temperature extremes in the model simulations, compared to climatology, shows large‐scale conditions conducive to heat waves. Importantly, it reveals concurrent positive anomalies of BC and dust aerosol optical depths. Changes in near‐surface properties include a reduction in single scattering albedo (implying greater absorption) and enhancement in short‐wave heating rate, compared to climatological conditions. Alterations in surface energy balance include reduced latent heat flux, but increased sensible heat flux, consistent with enhanced temperatures. Thus, chemistry‐coupled GCM simulations capture an association of absorbing aerosols with high‐temperature extremes in north India, arising from radiative heating in the surface layer.
The Vital Few: Exploring the Role of Expertise in the Process of Team Creativity
Authors: Zhang Gang , Li Huihui , Yan Shimei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study provides insight into the role of expertise in the process of team creativity. Existing process models, that is, the random variation model and the creative synthesis model, either fail to treat team as an independent creative entity or neglect the differentiation in the voice of individual members in team creative process. In contrast, this study recognizes the role of expertise in shaping the process of team creativity and presents an alternative model, the vital few model (experts as “vital few”). An agent‐based simulation was designed to examine the validity of this model. Agent teams generated team creativity both more efficiently and effectively when expertise was employed to reorganize existing knowledge and integrate new knowledge. The results indicate that the vital few model is a more explanatory model compared to the existing models for the process of team creativity. Discussion focuses on contributions of the vital few model, limitations of this study, as well as directions for future research.
Evaluation of impaired growth plate development of long bones in skeletally immature mice by antirheumatic agents
Authors: Caron Marjolein M. J. , van Rietbergen Bert , Castermans Tessy M. R. , Haartmans Mirella J. J. , van Rhijn Lodewijk W. , Welting Tim J. M. , Witlox Adhiambo M. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRestriction of physical growth and development is a known problem in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, the effect of medical treatment for JIA on skeletal growth in affected children has not been properly investigated. We, therefore, hypothesize that naproxen and methotrexate (MTX) affect endochondral ossification and will lead to reduced skeletal development. Treatment of ATDC5 cells, an in vitro model for endochondral ossification, with naproxen or MTX resulted in increased chondrogenic but decreased hypertrophic differentiation. In vivo, healthy growing C57BL/6 mice were treated with naproxen, MTX, or placebo for 10 weeks. At 15 weeks postnatal, both the length of the tibia and the length of the femur were significantly reduced in the naproxen‐ and MTX‐treated mice compared to their controls. Growth plate analysis revealed a significantly thicker proliferative zone, while the hypertrophic zone was significantly thinner in both experimental groups compared to their controls, comparable to the in vitro results. Micro‐computed tomography analysis of the subchondral bone region directly below the growth disc showed significantly altered bone microarchitecture in naproxen and MTX groups. In addition, the involvement of the PTHrP‐Ihh loop in naproxen‐ and MTX‐treated cells was shown. Overall, these results demonstrate that naproxen and MTX have a profound effect on endochondral ossification during growth plate development, abnormal subchondral bone morphology, and reduced bone length. A better understanding of how medication influences the development of the growth plate will improve understanding of endochondral ossification and reveal possibilities to improve the treatment of pediatric patients.
Geriatric Nutrition Index Influences Survival Outcomes in Gastric Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Radical Surgery
Authors: Sugawara Kotaro , Yamashita Hiroharu , Urabe Masayuki , Okumura Yasuhiro , Yagi Koichi , Aikou Susumu , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe survival impact of the geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI) has yet to be investigated in patients undergoing gastric carcinoma (GC) surgery.MethodsIn total, 1166 GC patients who underwent radical gastrectomy were retrospectively reviewed. The predictive and discrimination abilities for overall survival (OS) were compared among GNRI, nutrition indices, and systemic inflammatory markers. Patients were dichotomized by GNRI (GNRI <98, low; GNRI ≥98, high), and the impacts of GNRI on OS and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were evaluated using Cox hazards analysis.ResultsGNRI showed superior discrimination and predictive ability for OS as compared with other indices. There were 447 (38.3%) and 719 (61.7%) patients in the low‐ and high‐GNRI groups, respectively. Patients with low GNRI were older and had a higher pStage III disease rate than those with high GNRI (P < .001). OS curves were significantly stratified by GNRI in all patients (P < .001) and those with pStage I (P < .001), II (P < .001), and III (P = .02) disease. Multivariate analysis showed low GNRI to be independently associated with poor OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.15; 95% CI, 1.612.87; P < .001). Furthermore, low GNRI was an independent predictor of poor CSS (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.072.44; P = .02), as were total gastrectomy (P < .001) and pStage III disease (P < .001). Patients who had low GNRI and underwent total gastrectomy showed quite poor 5‐year OS (54.8%).ConclusionGNRI is useful for predicting survival and oncological outcomes in GC patients.
Healthy Siblings of Children With Crohn's Disease Exhibit More Rapid Changes in Microbiota Composition as a Response to Exclusive Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Sila Sara , Jelić Marko , Trivić Ivana , Tambić Andrašević Arjana , Kolaček Sanja , Hojsak Iva 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) on the microbiota composition of the newly diagnosed Crohn's disease (CD) patients and to determine the effect of EEN received for 2 days in siblings of patients with CD.MethodsNewly diagnosed pediatric CD patients (n = 17) and unaffected healthy siblings (n = 10) participated in the study. In CD patients, stool samples were collected at 3 time points: prior to therapy introduction, the second day of EEN therapy, and the last day of EEN therapy. In healthy siblings, stool samples were collected before the introduction of EEN and the second day of EEN. Molecular approach targeting 16S ribosomal RNA was used for analyzing the gut microbiota of participants’ stool samples.ResultsThere was no significant difference in microbial diversity between children with CD and healthy siblings before EEN (P = .127 for HhaI digestion; P = .604 for MspI digestion) as opposed to the second day of EEN (P = .006 HhaI digestion; P = .023 MspI digestion). In healthy controls, significant changes in microbiota composition were apparent by the second day of EEN, contrary to children with CD, in whom similar changes in microbiota composition were apparent on the last day of EEN.ConclusionEEN leads to significant microbiota changes in both healthy children and children with CD. Changes in microbiota composition occur more rapidly in healthy children, whereas in children with CD, significant changes were detected at the end of EEN.
Postsurgical Intestinal Rehabilitation Using Semisynthetic Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐2 Analogue (sGLP‐2) at a Referral Center: Can Patients Achieve Parenteral Nutrition and sGLP‐2 Independency?
Authors: Solar Hector , Doeyo Mariana , Ortega Mariana , De Barrio Silvia , Olano Estela , Moreira Eduardo , Buncuga Martin , Manzur Alejandra , Crivelli Adriana , Gondolesi Gabriel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTeduglutide, a semisynthetic analogue of glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (sGLP‐2), increases intestinal absorption of fluids and nutrients, reducing the need for parenteral nutrition (PN). This report aims to describe our experience with sGLP‐2 in a cohort of adult patients with short‐bowel syndrome.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study on adult patients initially evaluated in our specialized intestinal rehabilitation program that received sGLP‐2 from June 2014 to March 2020.ResultsAutologous gastrointestinal reconstruction surgery (AGIRS) was performed in 108 patients; 68.5% (74 of 108) achieved intestinal sufficiency with standard medical therapy. Seventeen patients were treated with sGLP‐2; 66.5% (8 of 12) received treatment for a mean time of 25.8 weeks (3.4–54.0) and could suspend PN. One patient reinitiated treatment due to renal lithiasis and acute renal failure. Currently, 7 of 12 patients (53.8%) continue without PN for a mean time of 165.6 weeks. Volume, energy, and days of PN were reduced in all patients. No serious adverse events were registered. Four of 7 patients (57.1%) who discontinued PN could also discontinue sGLP‐2. Therefore, the use of sGLP‐2 increased the overall success rate of PN independency after AGIRS to 76% (82 of 108).ConclusionThis study confirmed that sGLP‐2 should be considered as part of the standard therapy for postsurgical medical rehabilitation treatment in patients with chronic intestinal failure. We add to the current knowledge that some patients can discontinue both PN and sGLP‐2 in the long term, achieving complete recovery of their quality of life.
Associations Between Nutrition Markers and Muscle Mass on Bioimpedance Analysis in Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Sunario Julian , Wibrow Bradley , Jacques Angela , Ho Kwok Ming , Anstey Matthew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundParenteral nutrition (PN) is used for malnourished patients and those intolerant of enteral nutrition. This pilot study assessed repeatability of bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in critically ill patients and association with nutrition markers and patients’ length of hospital stay.MethodsTwenty‐two patients receiving PN, after major surgery or during critical illness, were enrolled and underwent serial BIA and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) by a dietitian. Repeatability of BIA was assessed by repeating BIA measurements within 10 minutes in 18 of the 22 study patients (82%).ResultsAll BIA parameters were repeatable with strong intraclass correlation coefficients (>0.78). Phase angle (PhA), reflective of muscle mass, was significantly associated with serum albumin (R2 = 0.198, P < .001), total lymphocyte count (R2 = 0.083, P = .018), and body mass index (R2 = 0.084, P = .015). Of the 48 SGAs performed, 4 were considered severely malnourished, and all were associated with low PhA (<5°) compared with only 53% and 33% for those considered to be moderately malnourished and well nourished, respectively (χ2 test: P = .042). Low PhA was significantly associated with an increased length of hospital stay compared with those without low PhA (median 36 vs 16 days, respectively; P < .001).ConclusionBIA is repeatable in critically ill patients receiving PN. Low PhA was prevalent for those judged as severely malnourished and was associated with reduced total lymphocyte count and serum albumin and prolonged length of hospital stay compared with those with a higher PhA.
Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Supplementation on Diarrhea Frequency and Gut Microbiome Count Among Pelvic Radiation Patients
Authors: Rosli Dzairudzee , Shahar Suzana , Manaf Zahara Abdul , Lau Hui Jin , Yusof Nurul Yuziana Mohd , Haron Mohd Roslan , Majid Hazreen Abdul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadiation therapy is the treatment of pelvic cancers, with diarrhea often being the most frequent acute side effect. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) usage in reducing radiotherapy‐induced diarrhea and improving bacterial count, nutrition status, and quality of life (QoL) among cancer patients.MethodsAdult patients undergoing pelvic radiation were recruited and randomly assigned to receive supplementation of either 10 g of PHGG or placebo (maltodextrin) twice daily, 14 days prior and 14 days during pelvic radiation. Diarrhea frequency, fecal samples, nutrition status, and QoL were assessed at baseline and days 14, 28 (2 weeks after pelvic radiation), and 45 (at the completion of pelvic radiation, 2 weeks’ postsupplementation).ResultsA total of 30 patients (mean age 56.5 ± 10.8 years, 75% malnourished) participated. The mean of diarrhea frequency in the intervention group (IG) was higher compared with the control group (CG) from days 14 and 28 but reduced at day 45. There was a significant intervention effect after controlling for confounders (ie, baseline diarrhea, age, nutrition status) (P < .05). Bifidobacterium count increased by double among the IG at 14 days of PHGG supplementation, whereas such trend was not observed in the CG.ConclusionSupplementation of PHGG potentially increased the bifidobacterial count and seemed to have post‐supplementation effects by reducing the frequency of diarrhea upon the completion of pelvic radiation treatment.
“On time ‐ every time” A new strategy for dosing levodopa in hospital
Authors: Ortiz Michael S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients are hospitalised for reasons other than their PD. Their PD symptoms are usually under control before admission, however, too many seem to experience medication‐related problems in hospital. Hospitalised PD patients should receive their levodopa within 30 min of the scheduled time (“on time”) and not miss doses (“every time”). Hospital staff should avoid prescribing and administering contraindicated dopamine antagonists to PD patients in their care. Multiple studies have shown the failure to deliver levodopa “on time” to PD patients, with less than 50% of doses being “on time” and an average 0.7 of doses missed each day. The evidence points to hospital medication administration systems (HMAS) as the likely cause of late and missed levodopa doses. PD medication administration guidelines were reviewed to find strategies that reduced late and missed doses. An integrated “on time – every time” medication administration approach is proposed. PD patients should be encouraged to self‐administer their medication in hospital. More PD nurse navigators will be needed to facilitate PD patient care in Australian hospitals.
The carbohydrate content of medications prescribed to children treated with a ketogenic diet
Authors: Sawangrit Thanarat , Chomtho Sirinuch , Siritientong Tippawan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCarbohydrate excipients include starches, dextrin, maltodextrin, sugar and sugar alcohols. No studies have investigated the cumulative daily carbohydrate content of medications prescribed to children with epilepsy receiving a ketogenic diet.AimsTo calculate carbohydrate contents in medications and the ketogenic ratio of children with intractable epilepsy.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed the ketogenic diet order forms of children with intractable epilepsy aged <18 years who were admitted to King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, a tertiary referral teaching hospital in Thailand, from 2009 to 2017. All medications were obtained from cross‐sectional medical records. The carbohydrate contents in medications were compiled by a hospital’s database or requested from manufacturers. Overall carbohydrate contents in prescribed medications were calculated and included in grams of carbohydrate in ketogenic ratio.ResultsA total of 169 ketogenic diet order forms of 38 epileptic patients were examined. One hundred and forty‐five oral medications were prescribed, of which oral liquid medications had significantly higher carbohydrate content than solid oral dose forms (p < 0.001). Patients received a median of nine medications of which a median of four were anti‐epileptic medications. The median carbohydrate content in medications was 0.99 g/day (IQR: 0.63–1.77 g/day). The significant difference of ketogenic fat:non‐fat gram ratios was found when prescribed carbohydrate content in medications was higher than 2 g/day.ConclusionsLiquid medications had approximately eight times higher carbohydrate content than solid dosage forms. Comprehensive reviews of the carbohydrate content of medications and the possible association with seizure control should be performed to investigate the clinical significance of this finding.
Prediction of dry matter content of recently harvested ‘Hass’ avocado fruits using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Vega Díaz Jhon Jairo , Sandoval Aldana Angélica Piedad , Reina Zuluaga Deici Viviana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUND‘Hass’ avocado consumption is increasing due to its organoleptic properties, so it is necessary to develop new technologies to guarantee export quality. Avocado fruits do not ripen on the tree, and the visual classification of its maturity is not accurate. The most commonly used fruit maturity indicator is the percentage of dry matter (DM). The aim of this research was to investigate a non‐destructive method with hyperspectral images to predict the percentage of DM of fruits across the spectral range of 400–1000 nm.RESULTSNo correlation between fruit weight and color with the percentage of DM was found in the study area. Cross‐validation efficiency of different data sources, including the spectrum extraction zone (the center, a line from the peduncle to the base, and the whole fruit) and the average of one or two fruit faces, was compared. Four linear regression models were compared. Data of the whole fruit and average of both sides per fruit using a support vector machine regression were selected for the prediction test. Following the cross‐validation concept, five sets of calibration and test data were selected and optimized for calibration. The best test prediction set comprised an R2 = 0.9, a root‐mean‐square error of 2.6 g kg−1 DM, a Pearson correlation of 0.95, and a ratio of prediction to deviation of 3.2.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the study indicate that hyperspectral images allow classifying export fruits and making harvesting decisions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Telemedicine in Otolaryngology in the COVID‐19 Era: Initial Lessons Learned
Authors: Ohlstein Jason F. , Garner Jordan , Takashima Masayoshi 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe COVID‐19 pandemic has led to unprecedented global changes in the delivery of healthcare over a short period of time. With the implementation of shelter‐in‐place orders, otolaryngology clinic visits at our institution were transitioned to telemedicine. This change enabled the rapid characterization of the patients who accepted and declined telemedicine.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.MethodsA review was conducted of 525 otolaryngology patients at a tertiary‐care referral center with scheduled visits requiring rescheduling to a future date or a telemedicine visit. Visit, demographic information, and reason for deferring telemedicine were collected for analysis.ResultsSeventy‐two percent of patients declined a telemedicine visit, with the most common reason being the lack of a physical exam (97%). There was an even distribution of demographics between those who accepted and declined visits. There was an association between declining telemedicine with older age (P = .0004) and otology visits (P = .0003), whereas facial plastics patients were more likely to accept (P < .0001). Patients scheduled earlier during the pandemic were more likely to accept a visit with a median of 28 days from onset of shelter‐in‐place orders versus 35 for those who declined (P < .0001).ConclusionsWe describe our initial experience with a transition to telemedicine, where the majority of patients would decline a virtual visit due to the lack of a physical exam. Although the future remains uncertain, telemedicine will continue to play a vital role in healthcare delivery. We believe that understanding our patient base gives critical insights that will help guide and improve virtual care to meet patients' needs.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2568–2573, 2020