bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of low-temperature secondary energy resources using heat transformers in non-ferrous metallurgy
Authors: Prishchepova S. A. , Sultanguzin I. A. , Alimgazin A. Sh. , Evseenko I. V. , Fedyukhin A. V. , Bartenev A. I. , Yavorovsky Yu. V. 
Published: July 2020

The concepts of developing efficient and reliable schemes for the use of waste heat of low-potential energy resources in heat transformers (HT) are considered. Examples of using HT in several non-ferrous metallurgy plants in Russia and Kazakhstan are given: the production of nickel, zinc and ferroalloys. In the case of nickel production, two schemes are proposed for consideration: for summer and winter modes. The main object of study is a nickel production scheme using a lithium bromide absorption chiller (AbCh). Recycled water is the main source of utilized low-grade waste heat for AbCh. The cold obtained in AbCh is necessary for the technological process. The basic parameters were calculated under various extreme conditions, the energy effect of the modernization of the circuit was estimated, and equipment was selected. Studies have shown the feasibility of introducing AbCh into circuits with a large amount of waste heat. Low-grade heat utilization of nickel production using heat pump unit (HPU) in winter allows to obtain heat energy for heating water from the heating network and raw water for feeding the boiler house of a thermal power plant.Another example of HT use is a heat pump unit (HPU) in the production of zinc and ferroalloys. HPU is designed to heat feed water before chemical water purification and at the same time “cool down” the circulating water, which is then used on a series of electrolysis, replacing purchased artesian water. In winter, the heat produced at HPU is used for heating, ventilation and hot water supply, which allows to dispense with the services of a third-party thermal power plant.
Molecular Comparison of Free -Living Amoeba Isolated From Iraqi, Iranian and Turkish Waters
Authors: Karyagdi Turkan K. , Mohammed Shihab A. , Hassan Husain F. 
Published: July 2020

Amoebas live freely in different climates and parts of the world. Several species of Free Living Amoeba (FLA) are capable of causing serious as well as fatal infections in human beings. The aim of this study was to identify and compare genotypes of water-polluting FLA in major rivers and lakes of Iraq and compare them with FLA isolates from Iran and Turkey. For this purpose, the study included 20 water samples from the Tigris River, Euphrates River , Najaf Sea and Dukan lake in Iraq, 20 water samples from Marivan, Velasht, and Soleimanshah lakes and Caspian sea in Iran, and 20 water samples from Sabanca, Seyfi , Hazar and Yay lakes in Turkey. The samples were studied by culture methods, invert microscope, and molecular methods.
After inoculation and microscopic examination, cysts and trophozoites were detected in 18 cultured specimens. Overall, out of 60 water samples, 30 cases (30%) were found to be contiminated in the three countries. The highest pollution was in Turkish waters (40%), while the rate in the Iraqi and Iranian water samples was the same (25%). Because of the various species of FLA , it may be difficult to distinguish pathogenic from non-pathogenic species by culture on non-nutrient agar. Therefore, the molecular technology was applied in this study. Only a specific band of Acanthamoeba Rns genes which ranged from 423 to 551 nucleotides was observed. The isolates belonged to the T3 genotype . In addition, it was a new isolate that differs from what exists in other neighboring countries , registered in the GenBank under accession number MN462973 as the Acanthamoeba genotype T3 isolate T3 Iraq . This is the first study to detect pathogenic FLA in Iraq by PCR and Sequencing techniques. Given the high prevalence of Acanthamoeba potential pathogenic genotypes in various environmental sources and the evidence of T3 genotype in Iraqi specimens , more studies about Acanthamoeba and other pathogenic FLA for various environmental sources in Iraq are required.
Spectroscopic Analysis of CdO1-X: SnX Plasma Produced by Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Khalaf Madyan A. , Ahmed Baida M. , Aadim Kadhim A. 
Published: July 2020

In this work, the optical emission spectrum technique was used to analyze the spectrum resulting from the CdO:Sn plasma produced by laser Nd:YAG with a wavelength of (1064) nm, duration of (9) ns, and a focal length of (10) cm in the range of energy of 500-800 mJ. The electron temperature (Te) was calculated using the in ratio line intensities method, while the electron density (ne) was calculated using Saha-Boltzmann equation. Also, other plasma parameters were calculated, such as plasma (fp), Debye length (Î»D) and Debye number (ND). At mixing ratios of X=0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, the CdO1-X :SnX plasma spectrum was recorded for different energies. The changes in electron temperature and the densities were studied as a function of the laser energies. Outcome measure value of the electron temperature at the ratio of X = 0.1 was (1.079-1.054) eV, while at X=0.3 the Te range was (0.952- 0.921) eV and at X=0.5 it was (0.928-0.906) eV.
Seismotectonics and Seismic Source Parameters of the Mid-Eastern Iraq - Western Iran Using Moment Tensor Inversion Technique
Authors: Mohammed Hasanain Jasim , Al-Rahim Ali M. 
Published: July 2020

The study area is encompassed by the 33.59-34.93Â°N latitudes and 45.44-46.39Â°E longitudes and divided into four groups with respect to earthquake event locations. We determined fault plane solutions, moment magnitudes, focal depths, and trend of slip with the direction of the moment stress axes (P, N, and T) for 102 earthquakes. These earthquakes had a local magnitude in the range between 4.0 and 6.4 for the time period from January 2018 to the end of August 2019, with focal depths ranged between 6 and 17 km. Waveform moment tensor inversion technique was used to analyze the database constructed from seismic stations on local and neighboring country networks (Iraq, Iran, and Turkey). We separated the studied events into four regional subsets (circles). The types of the obtained fault plane solutions are predominantly thrust fault and strike-slip, with the focal depths ranging from 8 to 21 km.
A new scaling relation between local magnitude (Ml) and the estimated moment magnitude (Mw) has been developed utilizing a linear regression. Good match results obtained in the present research good match with both seismic trends concluded from earthquake locations and mapped faults. Generally, direction shows NWâ€“SE striking focal planes corresponding with the tectonic framework of the Arabianâ€“Eurasian continental collision zone. The anticlockwise rotation of the Arabian plate that appears accountable for strike-slip displacements on fault surfaces.
PENGARUH APLIKASI BIOCOCOTIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SAWI PADA TANAH PASIR PESISIR PANTAI
Authors: Anandyawati Anandyawati , Zikri Merlian , Sumartono Eko , Novanda Ridha Rizki , Amrullah Amir Husaini Karim , Anggoro Ari 
Published: July 2020

The great potential in coastal sandy lands is followed by various problems and limiting factors that cause the acceleration of land use for agricultural purpose run very slowly. To overcome these limiting factors, appropriate modification and implementation of innovation is needed, namely the providing of soil conditioning materials, such as organic matter. One source of organic material that is still very rarely used, affordable, easy and cheap and simple in its application is the waste of coconut powder and human waste which we call biococotin. Providing of biococotin in coastal sandy lands decreases basic pH near neutral, increasing levels of N, P, K, C-Organic and cation exchange capacity has decreased from 7.20 to 6.40%. N levels increased from 0.021% to 0.17%, P-available increased from 2.52 ppm to 20.13 ppm, K levels increased from 2.52 cmol (+) to 9.35 cmol (+) and CEC increased from 4, 04 cmol (+) / kg becomes 7.07 cmol (+) / kg. The best growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, longest leaf length and longest leaf width) are shown by treatment 2 which is half the dose of NPK and biococotin. The best average planting weight and yield per ha is shown by treatment 2, which is half the dose of NPK and biococotin, which is 44.03 grams / plant and 26.41 tons / ha bicocotin. Keywords : Biococotin, Coastal area, Cocopeat
ETNOBOTANI REMPAH TRADISIONAL MASYARAKAT DAYAK KENYAH UMAQ JALAM DI KECAMATAN SEGAH KABUPATEN BERAU
Authors: Hendra Medi , Oktaviani Martha 
Published: July 2020

The local wisdom of the community is closely related to existing natural resources around them, including plant resources, which are used as spices. The Kenyah Umaq Jalan tribe in The Berau district is one of the sub-tribes of the Kenyah that still maintains local wisdom in the use and processing of herbs and spices. This tribe has a unique process of spices that are inherited from their ancestors. The purpose of this study was to examine ethnobotany spices of the Dayak Kenyah Umaq Jalan community in the Sub-district Segah, Berau District. The study was conducted in the sub-district of Segah in three villages, namely Batu Rajang, Siduung Indah, and Tepian Buah. Participatory Ethnobotanical Appraisal (PEA) was used as an exploratory survey. Interviews were conducted using standardized interviews and participating in spice processing activities with the informants. Around 25 species of plants are used as spices and herbs, such as Albertisia papuana Becc., Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels., Pycnarrhena manillensis S. Vidal. used as a flavor enhancer. Some species Sesamum indicum L, Hodgsonia macrocarpa (Blume) Cogn., Ricinus communis L and Arachis hypogea L. for preparing their food with a certain method.AbstrakKearifan lokal masyarakat erat kaitannya dengan sumber daya alam yang adadi sekitarnya, termasuk sumber daya tumbuhan yang dijadikan sebagai bumbu dan bahan rempah. Suku Kenyah Umaq Jalan di Kabupaten Berau merupakan salah satu sub-suku Dayak Kenyah yang masih menjaga kearifan lokal dalam pemanfaatan dan pengolahan bumbu dan rempah. Suku ini memiliki kekhasan dalam mengolah bumbu masak yang merupakan warisan turun-temurun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membahas etnobotani rempah tradisional dalam masakan Dayak Kenyah Umaq Jalan di Kecamatan Segah Kabupaten Berau. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Segah pada tiga desa meliputi Batu Rajang, Siduung Indah dan Tepian Buah. Metode yang digunakan yaitu survei eksploratif dengan menggunakan pendekatan partisipatif (Participatory Ethnobotanical Appraisal). Wawancara dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara berencana (standardized interview) dan ikut dalam aktifitas pengolahan bumbu dan rempah bersama informan. Diperoleh 25 jenis tumbuhan yang dijadikan sebagai rempah-rempah dan bumbu, diantaranya adalah Albertisia papuana Becc., Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels., Pycnarrhena manillensis S. Vidal. yang digunakan sebagai penyedap rasa alami. Beberapa jenis seperti Sesamum indicum L, Hodgsonia macrocarpa (Blume) Cogn., Pangium edule Reinw., Ricinus communis L., dan Arachis hypogaea L. dimanfaatkan sebagai bumbu terasi (payang) dengan diolah secara tradisional.Kata kunci: Bumbu, Dayak Kenyah Umaq Jalan, Etnobotani.
Improved the Cans Waste Classification Rate of Naïve Bayes using Fuzzy Approach
Authors: Resti Yulia , Burlian Firmansyah , Yani Irsyadi , Zayanti Des Alwine , Sari Indah Meiliana 
Published: July 2020

Cans is one type of inorganic waste that can take up to hundreds of years to be decomposed on the ground so that recycling is the right solution for managing cans waste. In the recycling industry, can classification systems are needed for the sorting system automation. This paper discusses the cans classification system based on the digital images using the Naive Bayes method, where the input variables are the pixel values of red, green, and blue (RGB) color, and the image of the can is captured by placing it on a conveyor belt which runs at a certain speed. The average accuracy rate of the k-fold cross-validation which is less satisfactory from the classification system obtained using the original Naive Bayes model is corrected using the fuzzy approach. This approach succeeded in improving the average accuracy of the can classification system which was originally from 52.99% to 88.02% or an increase of 60.2%, where the standard deviation decreased from 15.72% to only 3%.
Cans is one type of inorganic waste that can take up to hundreds of years to be decomposed on the ground so that recycling is the right solution for managing cans waste. In the recycling industry, can classification systems are needed for the sorting system automation. This paper discusses the cans classification system based on the digital images using the Naive Bayes method, where the input variables are the pixel values of red, green, and blue (RGB) color, and the image of the can is captured by placing it on a conveyor belt which runs at a certain speed. The average accuracy rate of the k-fold cross-validation which is less satisfactory from the classification system obtained using the original Naive Bayes model is corrected using the fuzzy approach. This approach succeeded in improving the average accuracy of the can classification system which was originally from 52.99% to 88.02% or an increase of 60.2%, where the standard deviation decreased from 15.72% to only 3%.
The Chitosan-Sodium Alginate Submicro Particles Loading Herbal of Ethanolic Exract of Leaves Senna Alata. L for Curing of Bacterial Infection on Skin
Authors: Mardiyanto Mardiyanto , Sholihah Indah , Jaya Thio Gunawan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mardiyanto 1*, Indah Solihah 1, and Thio Gunawan Jaya 1
1Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Science Sriwijaya University
*Corresponding Author : mardiyantoUNSRI@gmail.com
This research was performed to detect the activity of the optimum formula of chitosan and sodium alginate submicro particles loading of the ethanol extract of leaves ketepeng cina (Senna alata L.) to P. acne growth. Submicro manufactured particles was used three variations of the formula from three of volume used of calcium chloride (CaCl2): 20, 40, and 100 mL based on ionic gelation method. The results obtained of %EE in formulas 1, 2 and 3 were 78.56%, 81.71%, and 77.48%. Formula 2 with a value of % EE of 81.71% was used as an optimum formula which indicates that the particles are well protected by chitosan and sodium alginate polymers so as to prevent particle damage during the homogenization process. The results of the diameter measurements showed that the optimal formula enters in the submicro particle range with the value obtained is 525,9455 nm. The submicro formula of chitosan alginate particles loading the ketepeng cina leaf ethanol extract was barely homogeneous which based on the results obtained by the PSA was 0.433 of PDI. The zeta potential value was +3.5 mV. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis or X ̶ Ray Diffraction produce a pattern shaped amorph with the resulting peak does not have a wide distance and pattern. In vivo testing using ketepeng cina leaf extract as submicro was decreased the P. acne lesion faster than using only ketepeng cina leaf extract because the submicro particle preparation has a small particle that is below to 600 nm making it easier to penetrate the skin pores to reach the target. The results of the analysis of the curing of many lesions on the skin of mice have a significance value of homogeneity. The one-way ANOVA test of < 0.05 was a significant effect of the test group on the decreasing in the number of lesions on the skin of the mouse.
Pemaknaan Hidup Nelayan (Analisis Makro dan Mikro pada Kemiskinan Nelayan)
Authors: Wijaya Ahmad Burhan , Fauzie Akhmad 
Published: July 2020

Kemiskinan nelayan merupakan isu besar karena kompleksitas faktor penyebabnya. Studi ini dilatarbelakangai studi sebelumnya tentang kemiskinan nelayan yang melalui meta analisis diketahui sebagai representasi sosial yang disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan eksternal yang kompleks. Studi ini merupakan studi lanjutan yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pemaknaan hidup nelayan miskin pada masyarakat nelayan di Desa Gisik Cemandi, Sedati, Sidoarjo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah 2 orang nelayan. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa penggalian pemaknaan hidup sebagai nelayan miskin nampak pada dimensi-dimensi: pemahaman diri (self-insight), makna hidup (the meaning of life), pengubahan sikap (changing attitude), keikatan diri (self commitment), kegiatan terarah (directed activities) dan dukungan sosial (social support). Penggalian makna hidup melalui dimensi-dimensi tersebut membuat mereka cenderung mempertahankan pekerjaannya sebagai nelayan. Analisis pada sudut pandang makro dan mikro tentang kemiskinan nelayan yang bertahan dengan pekerjaaanya ini memberi gambaran bahwa pengetahuan sosial yang terbentuk, menyebar dan dimiliki bersama, telah menjadi akar bagi kemiskinan nelayan, baik pada level makro-komunitas maupun mikro-individual. Kemiskinan nelayan muncul, berkembang dan cenderung bertahan disebabkan adanya pengetahuan sosial yang dimiliki bersama. Kemiskinan cenderung terus berulang sebagai sebuah siklus. Keseluruhan proses pada spiral kemiskinan masyarakat nelayan tersebut, terbentuk sebagai sebuah representasi sosial karena menyebarnya ilmu pengetahuan dalam dunia konsensual nelayan melalui interaksi dan komunikasi.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditur Dalam Perjanjian Pembiayaan Konsumen
Authors: Agustina I Made Hendra 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis “bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur Lembaga Pembiayaan Konsumen setelah berlakunya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 “. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif. Penelitian hukum normatif adalah penelitian hukum yang meletakkan hukum sebagai sebuah bangunan sistem norma. Dengan metode pendekatan: Pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), Pendekatan konspetual (conceptual approach), dan Pendekatan kasus (case approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan “bahwa bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi kreditur lembaga pembiayaan konsumen yang didalam perjanjian fidusianya tidak mencantumkan syarat materil dan syarat formil, maka kreditur dapat mengajukan gugatan wanprestasi kepada debitur sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Pasal 1238 KUHPerdata yang menyatakan bahwa “si berutang adalah lalai apabila ia dengan surat perintah atau dengan akta sejenis itu telah dianyatakan lalai, atau demi perikatannya sendiri ialah jika ia menetapkan bahwa si berutang harus dianggap lalai dengan lewatnya waktu yang ditentukan” yang salah satunya dapat menuntut denda dan ganti rugi.”
Die assyrische Deportationspolitik unter Sargon II und die Midianiternot im Richterbuch
Authors: Staszak Martin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article assumes that the so called misery that Midian brought to Israel (Jdg 6:1–6) refers to the activities of deported Arabs who were settled in Samaria by the Assyrian king Sargon II in 715 BCE, in order to pacify the Arabs. Assyrian texts show that the Assyrian empire had to struggle both with raids by Arabs against cities and their inhabitants and with difficulties caused by deported people. A probably multilayered pre-deuteronomistic redaction (ca. 700) that formed a cycle of narratives (Ehud, Deborah and Baraq, Gideon) transfered a local problem to the whole country of Israel and called the Arabs Midianites because of their common origin in Northern Arabia. It is possible that the Assyrians tolerated the raids by the Arabs in order to suppress the defeated Samarian population and to garner some profit from the Arabs.
„JHWH kennt den Weg von Gerechten“ (Ps 1,6)
Authors: Janowski Bernd 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Es gibt im alttestamentlichen Hebräisch kein Äquivalent für den Begriff „Anerkennung“, aber zahlreiche Verben und Nomina, die dem mit diesem Begriff gemeinten Sachverhalt nahekommen. Nach einer Analyse von Ps 1,6 (Anerkennung durch Gott) und Ps 41,2 (Anerkennung durch den anderen) wendet sich der Beitrag zum einen der alttestamentlichen Semantik der Anerkennung (kognitive, ethische, rechtliche Aspekte) und zum anderen den Formen der Missachtung (Entrechtung, Entehrung, Beschämung) zu. Exkurse zur „Aufmerksamkeit Gottes in ägyptischen Texten“ und zur „Missachtung in mesopotamischen Texten“ vervollständigen das Bild.
The Failed Jewish Reform at the Time of Antiochus IV. and Paul’s Missionary Strategy
Authors: Gaß Erasmus 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The reform at the time of Antiochus IV. Epiphanes was a serious intervention in the religious system of the Jews. Though being judged as anachronistic and archaic from the outside, the Jewish identity markers could not be given up at that time since they were theologically loaded. Paul and the emerging Christian communities took over the Seleucid-Maccabean challenge and sustainably reformed the Jewish identity markers. Circumcision was good for Jews, but irrelevant for Gentile believers. The abomination of swine was no longer useful since purity had to be understood in an ethical sense. Last but not least, the Sabbath commandment was accepted because this rule was explained by creation theology and, thus, had social implications. The requirements of the failed reform at the time of Antiochus worked about 200 years later, in a different context (Syria) and in an eschatological setting (imminent parousia).
Editors' Remarks Vol.10(1)
Authors: Adhikari H.C. 
Published: July 2020

It is a matter of great joy for the members of Department of English Mahendra Multiple Campus Dharan that is has been again successful in bringing out 12th issue (vol. 10, No. 1) of JODEM, Journal of Department of English MMC, Dharan. Ever since its first publication, it has come a long way and been successful in enhancing the quality and standard of the journal because of the incessant efforts made by its members. It is hoped that the Department will certainly continue the publication of the journal in the years ahead.
The present issue contains twelve peer reviewed articles. These articles have been contributed not only by the Department members of MMC but also by members who come from other campuses. The articles are based on feminism, gender study, cultural study, ecocriticism, study of language / linguistics and the study of diaspora. The genres these writers have made use of are fiction, non-fiction, poetry and linguistics.
Highsmith's The Price of Salt: A Harbinger of Homosexual's Happiness
Authors: Pokharel Bhawana 
Published: July 2020

Patricia Highsmith’s The Price of Salt embodies homosexual relationship between its female characters namely Therese and Carole. In doing so, it presents a resistance to the contemporary heterosexual society which accepts only heterosexuality as its sexual norm. The article argues that the character’s rejection of the traditional mode of heterosexual relationship is in order to search for their lesbian self though that is taken as a deviation in the society; and so it faces various challenges. However, the characters together overcome the obstacles laid down by the society and move forward to finding freedom as well as establishing a new path which is taken as an unconventional practice in the then society; in turn, it proves to be the harbinger of hope and happiness for their kind. To substantiate this claim, the article draws from Lillian Faderman, Adrienne Rich, Judith Butler and Helen Boyd for the different aspects of lesbianism and queer theory they present. Similarly, the article is a descriptive, interpretive and analytical reading of the novel on the basis of the ideas based on the above mentioned scholars.