bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a synthetic jet actuator for flow separation control
Authors: Weigel Perez , Schüller Martin , Gratias André , Lipowski Mathias , ter Meer Theo , Bardet Michiel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a piezo-electric synthetic jet actuator (SJA) of the AFLoNext project. Active flow—loads and noise control on next generation wing (AFLoNext) is a project within European Union’s 7th Framework Program. One of the main project goals is the application of active flow control (AFC) techniques, such as SJAs and pulsed jet actuators (PJAs) in two different application scenarios to evaluate the potential benefit for retrofit of current aircraft and also for future aircraft designs. This paper is focusing on the SJAs. For large-scale wind tunnel testing, an actuator panel with 84 SJAs including the drive electronics system was designed and pre-tested in a laboratory environment. The performance exceeds 100 m/s with outlet nozzles of 2.5 mm diameter and a span wise clearance of 10 mm. A second actuator design was prepared for the application on the outer wing region and was investigated in a harsh environmental test campaign. Two span wise rows of five actuators were integrated in a panel with 10 × 0.5 mm2 slotted outlet nozzles. With this design also velocities exceeding 100 m/s were measured. The actuators withstand different harsh environmental conditions including extreme temperature, rain, mechanical vibration and shock. With the results of the project, a technology readiness level (TRL) evaluation will conclude the maturity of the technology. Depending on the final test and evaluation results, achievement of TRL4 is expected.
Colletotrichum spp. causing anthracnose on ornamental plants in northern Italy
Authors: Guarnaccia Vladimiro , Martino Ilaria , Gilardi Giovanna , Garibaldi Angelo , Gullino M. Lodovica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpecies ofColletotrichumare considered among the most important plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on a wide range of ornamentals, fruits and vegetables. SeveralColletotrichumspecies have been reported in nurseries and public or private gardens in northern Italy. In this study, the occurrence, diversity and pathogenicity ofColletotrichumspp. associated with several ornamental hosts was explored. Survey were carried out during the 2013–2019 period in Piedmont, Italy. A total of 22Colletotrichumisolates were collected from symptomatic leaves and stems of twoCampanulaspp.,Ceanothus thyrsiflorus,Coreopsis lanceolata,Cyclamen persicum,Hydrangea paniculata,Liquidambar styraciflua,Mahonia aquifoliumandRhyncospermum jasminoides. A multi-locus phylogeny was established based on the basis of three genomic loci (gapdh,actandtub2). The pathogenicity of selected, representative isolates was tested.Colletotrichumisolates were identified as members of four important species complexes: Acutatum,Gloeosporioides,DematiumandDestructivum.Colletotrichum fioriniae,C. nymphaeaeandC. fuscumwere found in association with leaf lesions ofMahonia aquifolium,Campanula rapunculoidesandCoreopsis lanceolata, respectively.Colletotrichum lineola,C. grossumandC. cigarrowere isolated fromCampanula trachelium,Rhyncospermum jasminoidesandLiquidambar styraciflua, respectively.Colletotrichum fructicolawas found to be responsible of anthracnose ofCeanothus thyrsiflorus,Hydrangea paniculata,Cyclamen persicumandLiquidambar styraciflua. All the tested isolates were pathogenic and reproduced identical symptoms to those observed in private gardens and nurseries. The present study improves our understanding ofColletotrichumspp. associated with different ornamental hosts and provides useful information for an effective disease management programme.
Wining and Dining Government Officials: What Drives Political Networking in Chinese Private Ventures?
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Sun Pei , Qiao Kunyuan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTManagerial networking with political actors has long been recognized as a crucial co-option strategy to navigate the challenging institutional environment in emerging economies. However, we know much less about what drives thevariationof political networking investment by private ventures. Drawing on resource dependence theory, we unpack the dyadic business-government relations and identify the key organizational and environmental factors that shape the power dependence relationships between private ventures and the government. By examining power imbalance and mutual dependence in this dyadic relationship and considering both the necessity and the capability of political networking, we develop hypotheses regarding the ways in which size-, connection-, and location-based dependencies affect firms’ political networking intensity. These hypotheses are tested through a unique survey of Chinese private ventures. Our study finds that political networking intensity (1) has an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm size, (2) is negatively associated with the presence of embedded political ties while positively associated with that of achieved political connections, and (3) is smaller when the focal firm is located in business development zones. This research bears rich implications for our understanding of corporate political activity in emerging economies from a resource dependence lens.
Oral contraceptive use and risk of suicidal behavior among young women
Authors: Edwards Alexis C. , Lönn Sara Larsson , Crump Casey , Mościcki Eve K. , Sundquist Jan , Kendler Kenneth S. , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundOral contraceptive use has been previously associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior in some, but not all, samples. The use of large, representative, longitudinally-assessed samples may clarify the nature of this potential association.MethodsWe used Swedish national registries to identify women born between 1991 and 1995 (N = 216 702) and determine whether they retrieved prescriptions for oral contraceptives. We used Cox proportional hazards models to test the association between contraceptive use and first observed suicidal event (suicide attempt or death) from age 15 until the end of follow-up in 2014 (maximum age 22.4). We adjusted for covariates, including mental illness and parental history of suicide.ResultsIn a crude model, use of combination or progestin-only oral contraceptives was positively associated with suicidal behavior, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.73–2.78 after 1 month of use, and 1.25–1.82 after 1 year of use. Accounting for sociodemographic, parental, and psychiatric variables attenuated these associations, and risks declined with increasing duration of use: adjusted HRs ranged from 1.56 to 2.13 1 month beyond the initiation of use, and from 1.19 to 1.48 1 year after initiation of use. HRs were higher among women who ceased use during the observation period.ConclusionsYoung women using oral contraceptives may be at increased risk of suicidal behavior, but risk declines with increased duration of use. Analysis of former users suggests that women susceptible to depression/anxiety are more likely to cease hormonal contraceptive use. Additional studies are necessary to determine whether the observed association is attributable to a causal mechanism.
Nutrigenetics of antioxidant enzymes and micronutrient needs in the context of viral infections
Authors: Birk Ruth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSustaining adequate nutritional needs of a population is a challenging task in normal times and a priority in times of crisis. There is no ‘one-size-fits-all’ solution that addresses nutrition. In relevance to the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic crisis, viral infections in general and RNA viruses in particular are known to induce and promote oxidative stress, consequently increasing the body’s demand for micronutrients, especially those related to antioxidant enzymic systems, thus draining the body of micronutrients, and so hindering the human body’s ability to cope optimally with oxidative stress. Common polymorphisms in major antioxidant enzymes, with world population minor allele frequencies ranging from 0·5 to 50 %, are related to altered enzymic function, with substantial potential effects on the body’s ability to cope with viral infection-induced oxidative stress. In this review we highlight common SNP of the major antioxidant enzymes relevant to nutritional components in the context of viral infections, namely: superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidases and catalase. We delineate functional polymorphisms in several human antioxidant enzymes that require, especially during a viral crisis, adequate and potentially additional nutritional support to cope with the pathological consequences of disease. Thus, in face of the COVID-19 pandemic, nutrition should be tightly monitored and possibly supplemented, with special attention to those carrying common polymorphisms in antioxidant enzymes.
Mismatch between self-estimated and objectively assessed exercise capacity in patients with congenital heart disease varies in regard to complexity of cardiac defects
Authors: Woile Julius M. , Dirks Stefan , Danne Friederike , Berger Felix , Ovroutski Stanislav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAim:Regular evaluation of physical capacity takes a crucial part in long-term follow-up in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). This study aims to examine the accuracy of self-estimated exercise capacity compared to objective assessments by cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with CHD of various complexity.Methods:We conducted a single centre, cross-sectional study with retrospective analysis on 382 patients aged 8–68 years with various CHD who completed cardiopulmonary exercise tests. Peak oxygen uptake was measured. Additionally, questionnaires covering self-estimation of exercise capacity were completed. Peak oxygen uptake was compared to patient’s self-estimated exercise capacity with focus on differences between complex and non-complex defects.Results:Peak oxygen uptake was 25.5 ± 7.9 ml/minute/kg, corresponding to 75.1 ± 18.8% of age- and sex-specific reference values. Higher values of peak oxygen uptake were seen in patients with higher subjective rating of exercise capacity. However, oxygen uptake in patients rating their exercise capacity as good (mean oxygen uptake 78.5 ± 1.6%) or very good (mean oxygen uptake 84.8 ± 4.8%) was on average still reduced compared to normal. In patients with non-complex cardiac defects, we saw a significant correlation between peak oxygen uptake and self-estimated exercise capacity (spearman-rho −0.30, p < 0.001), whereas in patients with complex cardiac defects, no correlation was found (spearman-rho −0.11, p < 0.255).Conclusion:The mismatch between self-estimated and objectively assessed exercise capacity is most prominent in patients with complex CHD.Registration number at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Ethics Committee: EA2/106/14.
Use of In Situ Simulation to Improve Emergency Department Readiness for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aljahany Muna , Alassaf Wajdan , Alibrahim Ahmed A. , Kentab Osama , Alotaibi Abdullah , Alresseeni Abdulaziz , Algarni Abdulaziz , Algaeed Hamad A. , Aljaber Mohammed I. , Alruwaili Badriyah , Aljohani Khalid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroduction:During the world-wide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, there is an urgent need to rapidly increase the readiness of hospitals. Emergency departments (EDs) are at high risk of facing unusual situations and need to prepare extensively in order to minimize risks to health care providers (HCPs) and patients. In situ simulation is a well-known method used in training to detect system gaps that could threaten safety.Study Objectives:One objective is to identify gaps, test hospital systems, and inform necessary modifications to the standard processes required by patients with COVID-19 presenting at the hospital. The other objective is to improve ED staff confidence in managing such patients, and to increase their skills in basic and advanced airway management and proper personal protective equipment (PPE) techniques.Methods:This is a quasi-experimental study in which 20 unannounced mock codes were carried out in ED resuscitation and isolation rooms. A checklist was designed, validated, and used to evaluate team performances in three areas: donning, basic and advanced airway skills, and doffing. A pre- and post-intervention survey was used to evaluate staff members’ perceived knowledge of ED procedures related to COVID-19 and their airway management skills.Results:A total of 20 mock codes were conducted in the ED. Overall, 16 issues that posed potential harm to staff or patients were identified and prioritized for immediate resolution. Approximately 57.4% of HCPs felt comfortable dealing with suspected/confirmed, unstable COVID-19 cases after mock codes, compared with 33.3% beforehand (P = .033). Of ED HCPs, 44.4% felt comfortable performing airway procedures for suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases after mock codes compared with 29.6% beforehand. Performance of different skills was observed to be variable following the 20 mock codes. Skills with improved performance included: request of chest x-ray after intubation (88.0%), intubation done by the most experienced ED physician (84.5%), and correct sequence and procedure of PPE (79.0%).Conclusion:Mock codes identified significant defects, most of which were easily fixed. They included critical equipment availability, transporting beds that were too large to fit through doors, and location of biohazard bins. Repeated mock codes improved ED staff confidence in dealing with patients, in addition to performance of certain skills. In situ simulation proves to be an effective method for increasing the readiness of the ED to address the COVID-19 pandemic and other infection outbreaks.
KOLMOGOROV CONDITIONALIZERS CAN BE DUTCH BOOKED (IF AND ONLY IF THEY ARE EVIDENTIALLY UNCERTAIN)
Authors: MEEHAN ALEXANDER , ZHANG SNOW 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA vexing question in Bayesian epistemology is how an agent should update on evidence which she assigned zero prior credence. Some theorists have suggested that, in such cases, the agent should update by Kolmogorov conditionalization, a norm based on Kolmogorov’s theory of regular conditional distributions. However, it turns out that in some situations, a Kolmogorov conditionalizer will plan to always assign a posterior credence of zero to the evidence she learns. Intuitively, such a plan is irrational and easily Dutch bookable. In this paper, we propose a revised norm, Kolmogorov–Blackwell conditionalization, which avoids this problem. We prove a Dutch book theorem and converse Dutch book theorem for this revised norm, and relate our results to those of Rescorla (2018).
RIGOUR AND PROOF
Authors: TATTON-BROWN OLIVER 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper puts forward a new account of rigorous mathematical proof and its epistemology. One novel feature is a focus on how the skill of reading and writing valid proofs is learnt, as a way of understanding what validity itself amounts to. The account is used to address two current questions in the literature: that of how mathematicians are so good at resolving disputes about validity, and that of whether rigorous proofs are necessarily formalizable.
Reactive Flow and Homogenization in Anisotropic Media
Authors: Roded R. , Aharonov E. , Holtzman R. , Szymczak P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe evolution of heterogeneous and anisotropic media in the uniform dissolution regime (low Damköhler number) is studied here using a numerical network model. The uniform dissolution extensively homogenizes the medium and therefore the flow field. The homogenization is further enhanced when the surface reaction is transport controlled—when slow diffusion of dissolved ions away from the mineral surface leads to the reduction of the global dissolution rate. Under those conditions, diffusive transport is more effective in narrow channels, which selectively enlarge, leading to an initial steep rise of the permeability. However, as dissolution proceeds, the void space widens and the overall dissolution rate drops, and permeability enhancement slows down. Finally, we review the relevance of these results to various processes in geological systems ranging from diagenesis and karst evolution, to carbon geosequestration. These findings provide fundamental insights into reactive transport processes in fractured and porous media and evolution of permeability, tortuosity, anisotropy, and bulk reaction rates in geological systems.
Pathogenesis and multidisciplinary management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: He Lina , Sun Xiangyu , Liu Zhijie , Qiu Yanfen , Niu Yumei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMedication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious side effect of bone-modifying agents and inhibits angiogenesis agents. Although the pathogenesis of MRONJ is not entirely clear, multiple factors may be involved in specific microenvironments. The TGF-β1 signalling pathway may have a key role in the development of MRONJ. According to the clinical stage, multiple variables should be considered when selecting the most appropriate treatment. Therefore, the prevention and management of treatment of MRONJ should be conducted in patient-centred multidisciplinary team collaborative networks with oncologists, dentists and dental specialists. This would comprise a closed responsibility treatment loop with all benefits directed to the patient. Thus, in the present review, we aimed to summarise the pathogenesis, risk factors, imaging features, clinical staging, therapeutic methods, prevention and treatment strategies associated with MRONJ, which may provide a reference that can inform preventive strategies and improve the quality of life for patients in the future.
ADHD-like behaviors caused by inactivation of a transcription factor controlling the balance of inhibitory and excitatory neuron development in the mouse anterior brainstem
Authors: Morello Francesca , Voikar Vootele , Parkkinen Pihla , Panhelainen Anne , Rosenholm Marko , Makkonen Aki , Rantamäki Tomi , Piepponen Petteri , Aitta-aho Teemu , Partanen Juha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe neural circuits regulating motivation and movement include midbrain dopaminergic neurons and associated inhibitory GABAergic and excitatory glutamatergic neurons in the anterior brainstem. Differentiation of specific subtypes of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the mouse embryonic brainstem is controlled by a transcription factor Tal1. This study characterizes the behavioral and neurochemical changes caused by the absence of Tal1 function. The Tal1cko mutant mice are hyperactive, impulsive, hypersensitive to reward, have learning deficits and a habituation defect in a novel environment. Only minor changes in their dopaminergic system were detected. Amphetamine induced striatal dopamine release and amphetamine induced place preference were normal in Tal1cko mice. Increased dopamine signaling failed to stimulate the locomotor activity of the Tal1cko mice, but instead alleviated their hyperactivity. Altogether, the Tal1cko mice recapitulate many features of the attention and hyperactivity disorders, suggesting a role for Tal1 regulated developmental pathways and neural structures in the control of motivation and movement.
Microplastic regulation should be more precise to incentivize both innovation and environmental safety
Authors: Mitrano Denise M. , Wohlleben Wendel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe presence of plastic in the environment has sparked discussion amongst scientists, regulators and the general public as to how industrialization and consumerism is shaping our world. Here we discuss restrictions on the intentional use of primary microplastics: small solid polymer particles in applications ranging from agriculture to cosmetics. Microplastic hazards are uncertain, and actions are not similarly prioritized by all actors. In some instances, replacement is technically simple and easily justified, but in others substitutions may come with more uncertainty, performance questions and costs. Scientific impact assessment of primary microplastics compared to their alternatives relies on a number of factors, such as microplastic harm, existence of replacement materials and the quality, cost and hazards of alternative materials. Regulations need a precise focus and must be enforceable by these measurements. Policymakers must carefully evaluate under which contexts incentives to replace certain microplastics can stimulate innovation of new, more competitive and environmentally conscious materials.
Identification of key sequence features required for microRNA biogenesis in plants
Authors: Rojas Arantxa M. L. , Drusin Salvador I. , Chorostecki Uciel , Mateos Julieta L. , Moro Belén , Bologna Nicolas G. , Bresso Edgardo G. , Schapire Arnaldo , Rasia Rodolfo M. , Moreno Diego M. , Palatnik Javier F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs of ∼21 nt that regulate multiple biological pathways in multicellular organisms. They derive from longer transcripts that harbor an imperfect stem-loop structure. In plants, the ribonuclease type III DICER-LIKE1 assisted by accessory proteins cleaves the precursor to release the mature miRNA. Numerous studies highlight the role of the precursor secondary structure during plant miRNA biogenesis; however, little is known about the relevance of the precursor sequence. Here, we analyzed the sequence composition of plant miRNA primary transcripts and found specifically located sequence biases. We show that changes in the identity of specific nucleotides can increase or abolish miRNA biogenesis. Most conspicuously, our analysis revealed that the identity of the nucleotides at unpaired positions of the precursor plays a crucial role during miRNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis.
Electropolymerization of robust conjugated microporous polymer membranes for rapid solvent transport and narrow molecular sieving
Authors: Zhou Zongyao , Li Xiang , Guo Dong , Shinde Digambar B. , Lu Dongwei , Chen Long , Liu Xiaowei , Cao Li , Aboalsaud Ammar M. , Hu Yunxia , Lai Zhiping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPore size uniformity is one of the most critical parameters in determining membrane separation performance. Recently, a novel type of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) has shown uniform pore size and high porosity. However, their brittle nature has prevented them from preparing robust membranes. Inspired by the skin-core architecture of spider silk that offers both high strength and high ductility, herein we report an electropolymerization process to prepare a CMP membrane from a rigid carbazole monomer, 2,2’,7,7’-tetra(carbazol-9-yl)-9,9’-spirobifluorene, inside a robust carbon nanotube scaffold. The obtained membranes showed superior mechanical strength and ductility, high surface area, and uniform pore size of approximately 1 nm. The superfast solvent transport and excellent molecular sieving well surpass the performance of most reported polymer membranes. Our method makes it possible to use rigid CMPs membranes in pressure-driven membrane processes, providing potential applications for this important category of polymer materials.