bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations for Obesity, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity Amid the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Carter Stephen J. , Baranauskas Marissa N. , Fly Alyce D. 
Published: April 2020

As the biomedical community races to disentangle the unknowns associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for causing coronavirus disease, the link between diminished immune function and individuals with obesity raises important questions about the possibility for greater viral pathogenicity in this population. Increased adiposity may undermine the pulmonary microenvironment wherein viral pathogenesis and immune cell trafficking could contribute to a maladaptive cycle of local inflammation and secondary injury. A further challenge to those with obesity during the current pandemic may involve vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. In the interest of personal and public health, we caution decision‐ and policy makers alike not to pin all hope on a proverbial “silver bullet.” Until further breakthroughs emerge, we should remember that modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity should not be marginalized. Decades of empirical evidence support both as key factors promoting health and wellness.
Heme oxygenase‐1 alleviates eosinophilic inflammation by inhibiting STAT3‐SOCS3 signaling
Authors: Lin Xiaoliang , Lv Jiajia , Ge Dandan , Bai Haitao , Yang Yungang , Wu Jinzhun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAirway inflammation of eosinophilic asthma (EA) attributes to Th2 response, leaving the role of Th17 response unknown. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) induce both suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan nuclear receptor γ (RORγt) to initiate Th17 cell differentiation which is inhibited by SOCS3, a negative feedback regulator of STAT3. Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) is a stress‐responsive, cytoprotective, and immunoregulatory molecular. Two other isoforms of the enzyme includes HO‐2 and HO‐3. Because HO‐2 does not exhibit stress‐related upregulation and distributes mainly in nervous system and HO‐3 shows a low enzymatic activity, we tested a hypothesized anti‐inflammatory role for HO‐1 in EA by inhibiting STAT3‐SOCS3 signaling. Animal model was established with Ovalbumin in wild type Balb/C mice. Hemin or SNPP was intraperitoneally (IP) injected ahead of the animal model to induce or inhibit HO‐1 expression. Airway inflammation was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage, hematoxyline and eosin staining, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot analysis. In vivo results showed that HO‐1 induction inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3 and expression of SOCS3 and RORγt, decreased Th2 and Th17 immune responses, and alleviated airway inflammation. In vitro results revealed that HO‐1 inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3 and expression of SOCS3 in naive CD4+ T cells. These findings identify HO‐1 induction as a potential therapeutic strategy for EA treatment by reducing STAT3 phosphorylation, STAT3‐SOCS3‐mediated Th2/Th17 immune responses, and ultimate allergic airway inflammation.
Lung compartment analysis assessed from N2 multiple‐breath washout in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Skov Linnea , Green Kent , Stanojevic Sanja , Jensen Renee , Buchvald Frederik , Ratjen Felix , Nielsen Kim G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCompartment analysis (CA) based on nitrogen multiple‐breath washout (N2MBW) has been shown to allow the assessment of specific volume and ventilation of faster‐ and slower‐ventilating lung compartments of the lung in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this study was to extend previous findings into the pediatric age range.MethodsCross‐sectional multicenter observational study in children with CF and healthy controls (HC) was done with the assessment of N2MBW and spirometry. A two‐lung compartment model‐based analysis (CA) was used to estimate size and function of faster‐ and slower‐ventilating lung compartments from N2MBW.ResultsA total of 125 children with CF and 177 HC, median age 10.8 (range, 2.8‐18.9) years, were included in the analysis. CA could be calculated in 66 (53%) children with CF compared with 48 (27%) HC (P < .0001). The proportion of the slower‐ventilating lung compartment was significantly smaller in children with CF (53.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.9%‐55.7%) compared with HC (62.2%; 95% CI: 59.0%‐65.0%) The regional specific ventilation of the slower compartment (rVT,slow/rFRC,slow, %) was significantly lower in children with CF (4.9%; 95% CI: 4.5‐5.9) compared with HC (9.7%, 95% CI: 9.2‐10.9), and showed inverse correlation to lung clearance index (r2 = −.65; P < .0001), Sacin × VT (r2 = −.36; P = .003) and Scond × VT (r2 = −.51; P < .0001). There was no significant difference in pulmonary parameters between children with CF with and without feasible CA.ConclusionCA is less feasible in children than in adults and correlated to other MBW parameters. The clinical value of CA is still unclear and is yet to be established.
A comparison of Zayandehrood River water values for agriculture and the environment
Authors: Karami Omid , Yazdani Saeed , Saleh Iraj , Rafiee Hamed , Riahi Andisheh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRiver water management is challenging not only since they are open systems with changing physical structures, but also because the water values are mostly unknown over varied sectors. If policymakers grasp water values, water management will be more efficient. This research intends to examine the values of water in agriculture, which receives the most substantial portion of water resources, with the values of water in the environment in Isfahan located in the Zayandehrood River basin of Iran. The consequences of contingent valuation and production function methods revealed that per cubic metre value of water is 13 times higher in the environment than agriculture. The government should reconsider the higher value of the environment despite it is a non‐market value. The contingent valuation model additionally proved that women exhibited 21% more willingness to pay than men in order to protect the environment; however, they are paid less by 36%.
An Anionic‐MOF‐Based Bifunctional Separator for Regulating Lithium Deposition and Suppressing Polysulfides Shuttle in Li–S Batteries
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Huang Weiyuan , Hua Jiachuan , Wang Yidi , Yi Haocong , Zhao Wenguang , Zhao Qinghe , Jia Hao , Fei Bin , Pan Feng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been regarded as a promising energy‐storage system owing to their high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg−1 and low cost of raw materials. However, the dendrite issue of Li metal anodes and the shuttle effect of polysulfides severely plague the safety and cycling stability of Li–S batteries. To address these problems, a novel nanoporous battery separator (MMMS) is designed based on an anionic metal–organic framework (MOF) UiO‐66‐SO3Li and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) following a mixed‐matrix membrane approach. Benefitting from the well‐defined anionic Li+ transport tunnels across the MMMS, a homogeneous Li deposition is achieved to stabilize the plating/stripping cycling over 1000 h at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2. Moreover, these tunnels featuring anionic electrostatic repulsion and a proper aperture size also demonstrate strong suppression to polysulfide shuttle and promote the redox activity and utilization of sulfur cathode material. With the MMMS to simultaneously promote the performance of Li metal anode and sulfur cathode, the Li–S battery delivers an elevated charge/discharge rate up to 5 C (552 mAh g−1) as well as a low capacity fading (0.056% per cycle at its steady stage) over 500 cycles at 0.5 C.
Früherkennung der Alzheimer-Krankheit und Demenzprädiktion bei Patienten mit leichter kognitiver Störung
Authors: Rostamzadeh Ayda , Jessen Frank 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie leichte kognitive Störung („mild cognitive impairment“, MCI) zeichnet sich durch kognitive Einschränkungen bei im Wesentlichen erhaltener Alltagskompetenz aus. MCI ist ein Risikozustand für die Entwicklung einer Demenz und kann ein Prodromalstadium der Demenz bei Alzheimer-Krankheit („Alzheimer’s disease“, AD) sein. Die AD ist durch zerebrale Ablagerungen von Amyloid- und Tau-Aggregaten definiert und kann durch Biomarker für diese Veränderungen in vivo detektiert werden. Durch die Fortschritte in der biomarkerbasierten Früherkennung der AD, ist es möglich zwischen MCI-Patienten mit und ohne AD-Pathologie und somit zwischen Patienten mit einem geringen und einem hohen Risiko für die Entwicklung einer späteren Demenz zu unterscheiden. Für die biomarkerbasierte Früherkennung der AD im MCI-Stadium gibt es bisher in Deutschland keine differenzierten Leitlinienempfehlungen. In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden die Empfehlungen einer europäischen Expertenkonsensuspublikation sowie einer multidisziplinären Arbeitsgruppe der Alzheimer’s Association zum Einsatz von Liquorbiomarkern für die Diagnostik der Alzheimer-Krankheit bei MCI-Patienten zusammengefasst. Sind die klinischen Diagnosekriterien eines MCI anhand der klinischen Untersuchung und neuropsychologischen Testung erfüllt, wird empfohlen weiterführende Diagnostik (Blutuntersuchung, zerebrale Bildgebung) durchzuführen, um die differenzialdiagnostische Einordnung zu präzisieren. Vor der Liquorbiomarkeruntersuchung sollte eine umfassende Beratung zu den Möglichkeiten, Grenzen und Risiken der biomarkerbasierten Früherkennung der AD und der Demenzprädiktion durchgeführt werden. Die Informationen über das individuelle Risiko für eine Demenz können sich bei Patienten und ihren nahestehenden Personen auf das psychische Wohlbefinden und die weitere Lebensplanung auswirken, daher werden klinische Verlaufsuntersuchungen empfohlen.
Collaborative models for autonomous systems controller synthesis
Authors: Fraser Douglas , Giaquinta Ruben , Hoffmann Ruth , Ireland Murray , Miller Alice , Norman Gethin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe show how detailed simulation models and abstract Markov models can be developed collaboratively to generate and implement effective controllers for autonomous agent search and retrieve missions. We introduce a concrete simulation model of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). We then show how the probabilistic model checker PRISM is used for optimal strategy synthesis for a sequence of scenarios relevant to UAVs and potentially other autonomous agent systems. For each scenario we demonstrate how it can be modelled using PRISM, give model checking statistics and present the synthesised optimal strategies. We then show how our strategies can be returned to the controller for the simulation model and provide experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of one such strategy. Finally we explain how our models can be adapted, using symmetry, for use on larger search areas, and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
Be FAIR to your data
Authors: Solle Dörte 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWouldn’t it be great, if experimental data were findable wherever they were? If experimental data were accessible‚ regardless of the storage place and format? If experimental data were interoperable independent of the author or its origin? If experimental data were reusable for further analysis without experimental repetition? The current state of the art of data acquisition in the laboratory is very diverse. A lot of different devices are used, analogue as well as digital ones. Usually all experimental setups and observations are summarized in a handwritten lab notebook, independently from digital or analogue sources. To change the actual and common way of laboratory data acquisition into a digital and modern one, electronic lab notebooks can be used. A challenge of science is to facilitate knowledge discovery by assisting humans and machines in their discovery of scientific data and their associated algorithms and workflows. FAIR describes a set of guiding principles to make data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable.
Investigation of monoterpenoid resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas putida and their consequences for biotransformations
Authors: Schempp Florence Miramella , Hofmann Katharina Elisabeth , Mi Jia , Kirchner Ferdinand , Meffert Annika , Schewe Hendrik , Schrader Jens , Buchhaupt Markus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMonoterpenoids are widely used in industrial applications, e.g. as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals, in flavor and fragrance compositions, and in agriculture. Severe toxic effects are known for some monoterpenoids making them challenging compounds for biotechnological production processes. Some strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas putida show an inherent extraordinarily high tolerance towards solvents including monoterpenoids. An understanding of the underlying factors can help to create suitable strains for monoterpenoids de novo production or conversion. In addition, knowledge about tolerance mechanisms could allow a deeper insight into how bacteria can oppose monoterpenoid containing drugs, like tea tree oil. Within this work, the resistance mechanisms of P. putida GS1 were investigated using selected monoterpenoid-hypertolerant mutants. Most of the mutations were found in efflux pump promoter regions or associated transcription factors. Surprisingly, while for the tested monoterpenoid alcohols, ketone, and ether high efflux pump expression increased monoterpenoid tolerance, it reduced the tolerance against geranic acid. However, an increase of geranic acid tolerance could be gained by a mutation in an efflux pump component. It was also found that increased monoterpenoid tolerance can counteract efficient biotransformation ability, indicating the need for a fine-tuned and knowledge-based tolerance improvement for production strain development.Key points• Altered monoterpenoid tolerance mainly related to altered activity of efflux pumps.• Increased tolerance to geranic acid surprisingly caused by decreased export activity.• Reduction of export activity can be beneficial for biotechnological conversions.
Disentangling a shared trait: male control over mate guarding duration revealed by a mate exchange experiment
Authors: Haneke-Reinders Michael , Mazur Anna-Paulina , Zyma Oleksandr , Ramm Steven A. , Reinhold Klaus 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Shared behavioural traits result from the interaction of two or more individuals, making it difficult to discern which individual is in control of the behaviour of interest. Especially in the case of shared reproductive traits such as mating duration or mate guarding duration is this an important issue to resolve, because these are potentially closely connected to fitness and are likely to exhibit sexual conflict. Here, we sought to disentangle which sex controls mate guarding duration in the tropical house cricket Gryllodes sigillatus, a species in which mate guarding and nuptial feeding by the male have been proposed to prevent premature removal of the transferred spermatophore by the female. To do so, we performed a series of mating experiments in a paired design, in which the first mating dyad was allowed to start mating some time before the second dyad. Once both dyads were in the mate guarding phase, we then interrupted them and exchanged partners, enabling us to determine whether the remaining guarding duration depended more on the duration of guarding already performed by the male in the new dyad (implying male control) or on the guarding already received by the female (implying female control). We found that the time a female was guarded overall was significantly affected by how long the exchanged male had already engaged in mate guarding with the previous female, but conversely, the total time males guarded both females was unaffected by the duration of guarding that the exchanged female had previously received. Our data thus clearly demonstrate that males rather than females control mate guarding duration and adjust the duration according to females’ weight.

Significance statement
It is not easy to determine which individual is in control of a shared behavioural trait (SBT). This information could provide insight into selection pressure on one sex and could help us understand differences in SBTs between related species or between different dyads of one species. We used a relative novel but simple method to disentangle a SBT in a cricket. We performed mating experiments and exchanged the mating partners after copulation within the mate guarding phase and measured the total guarding duration. Our analyses showed males were not influenced by the exchange and guarded as long as expected regardless how long the female were guarded before by another male. Our data suggest males are likely in control of mate guarding duration, and they have no ability to recognize post-copulatory mate exchange.
A diagnostic model for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on radiological semantic and clinical features: a multi-center study
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Tang Yanyan , Mo Yongkang , Li Shengkai , Lin Daiying , Yang Zhijian , Yang Zhiqi , Sun Hongfu , Qiu Jinming , Liao Yuting , Xiao Jianning , Chen Xiangguang , Wu Xianheng , Wu Renhua , Dai Zhuozhi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Rapid and accurate diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical during the epidemic. We aim to identify differences in CT imaging and clinical manifestations between pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19, and to develop and validate a diagnostic model for COVID-19 based on radiological semantic and clinical features alone.

Methods
A consecutive cohort of 70 COVID-19 and 66 non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients were retrospectively recruited from five institutions. Patients were divided into primary (n = 98) and validation (n = 38) cohorts. The chi-square test, Student’s t test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were performed, comparing 1745 lesions and 67 features in the two groups. Three models were constructed using radiological semantic and clinical features through multivariate logistic regression. Diagnostic efficacies of developed models were quantified by receiver operating characteristic curve. Clinical usage was evaluated by decision curve analysis and nomogram.

Results
Eighteen radiological semantic features and seventeen clinical features were identified to be significantly different. Besides ground-glass opacities (p = 0.032) and consolidation (p = 0.001) in the lung periphery, the lesion size (1–3 cm) is also significant for the diagnosis of COVID-19 (p = 0.027). Lung score presents no significant difference (p = 0.417). Three diagnostic models achieved an area under the curve value as high as 0.986 (95% CI 0.966~1.000). The clinical and radiological semantic models provided a better diagnostic performance and more considerable net benefits.

Conclusions
Based on CT imaging and clinical manifestations alone, the pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19 can be distinguished. A model composed of radiological semantic and clinical features has an excellent performance for the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Key Points
• Based on CT imaging and clinical manifestations alone, the pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19 can be distinguished.
• A diagnostic model for COVID-19 was developed and validated using radiological semantic and clinical features, which had an area under the curve value of 0.986 (95% CI 0.966~1.000) and 0.936 (95% CI 0.866~1.000) in the primary and validation cohorts, respectively.
Tomographic PIV measurements and RANS simulations of secondary flows inside a horizontally positioned helically coiled tube
Authors: Kováts Péter , Martins Fabio J. W. A. , Mansour Michael , Thévenin Dominique , Zähringer Katharina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Helically coiled tubes are widely used in industry to enhance heat and mass transfer in the laminar flow regime, due to their secondary flow pattern. In this study, tomographic particle image velocimetry (tomo-PIV) is used in a horizontally coiled helical tube to systematically acquire 3C-3D velocity fields for Reynolds numbers ranging from 20 to 1400 and Dean numbers from 8 to 567. The velocity field evaluations are performed using two different approaches: time-averaged velocity field calculation from instantaneous velocity fields and velocity field determination by cross-correlation from an ensemble of instantaneous reconstructed volumes. Equivalent velocity field accuracy is achieved in both velocity approaches when the flow can be considered stationary. Moreover, numerical simulations were carried out in the same geometry at the same flow conditions and were validated against the experimental 3C-3D data sets. The simulation results show good agreement with the measured velocities, offering the possibility of parametric studies and design optimization. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first systematic experimental investigation of a helical coil flow by means of 3C-3D velocity measurements, which results can now be used for validation of numerical models in computational fluid dynamics.

Graphic abstract
Measured time-averaged velocity visualized by vector-magnitude colour at horizontal and vertical slices (left) and Dean vortices detected by 3D Q-criterion (right) from the time-averaged measurements (purple isosurfaces) and from the simulation (red isosurfaces) inside the helically-coiled tube at Re = 220 and De = 89.
Impact of ocean-atmosphere coupling on regional climate: the Iberian Peninsula case
Authors: Cabos William , de la Vara Alba , Álvarez-García Francisco J. , Sánchez Enrique , Sieck Kevin , Pérez-Sanz Juan-Ignacio , Limareva Natalia , Sein Dmitry V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRegional models used for downscaling the European climate usually include a relatively small area of the Atlantic Ocean and are uncoupled, with the SST used as lower boundary conditions much coarser than the mesh of the regional atmospheric model. Concerns thus arise about the proper representation of the oceanic influence and the role of air-sea coupling in such experiments. A complex orography and the exposure to different air and ocean masses make the Iberian Peninsula (IP) an ideal test case for exploring the impact of including explicitly the North Atlantic in the regional domain and the added value that coupling brings to regional climate modeling. To this end, the regionally-coupled model ROM and its atmospheric component, the regional atmospheric model REMO are used in a set of coupled and uncoupled experiments forced by the ERA-Interim reanalysis and by the global climate model MPI-ESM. The atmospheric domain is the same in all simulations and includes the North Atlantic and the ocean component is global and eddy permitting. Results show that the impact of air-sea coupling on the IP winter biases can be traced back to the features of the simulated North Atlantic Ocean circulation. In summer, it is the air-sea interactions in the Mediterranean that exert the largest influence on the regional biases. Despite improvements introduced by the eddy-permitting ocean, it is suggested that a higher resolution could be needed for a correct simulation of the features of the large-scale atmospheric circulation that impact the climate of the IP.
Unconditional Reflexive Polytopes
Authors: Kohl Florian , Olsen McCabe , Sanyal Raman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA convex body is unconditional if it is symmetric with respect to reflections in all coordinate hyperplanes. We investigate unconditional lattice polytopes with respect to geometric, combinatorial, and algebraic properties. In particular, we characterize unconditional reflexive polytopes in terms of perfect graphs. As a prime example, we study the signed Birkhoff polytope. Moreover, we derive constructions for Gale-dual pairs of polytopes and we explicitly describe Gröbner bases for unconditional reflexive polytopes coming from partially ordered sets.