bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bogotá's Left Turn: Counter‐Neoliberalization in Colombia
Authors: Eaton Kent 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor the political left, decentralization has increased both the appeal and the importance of governing the city, and yet sharp constraints limit the left's transformative potential when it controls that level of government alone. Bogotá is an important case in point under the recent mayoral administration of Gustavo Petro (2012–15), a demobilized guerrilla leader who sought to implement a series of urban policy reforms that together represent one of the most substantively radical and intellectually coherent attempts to challenge neoliberalism in all of Latin America. Focusing on the four policy arenas through which Petro hoped to transform the city (environment, housing, transport, and trash collection), the article documents the veto power of the firms whose privileges he threatened, as well as the tools through which they derailed reform. In contrast to the failure of his political economy agenda, Petro was indeed able to enact a number of progressive social policy reforms precisely because they did not threaten the profitability of the city's entrenched growth machine.
Waiting like a girl? The temporal constitution of femininity as a factor in gender inequality
Authors: Pickard Susan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper explores temporal constituents of the female self in terms of their role in underpinning ongoing gender inequality. Drawing on the work of Simone de Beauvoir and Iris Marion Young, together with sociological approaches to ambivalence, I suggest that these temporal subjectivities are embodied, arise from the split subjectivity associated with woman as simultaneously subject and object, and counterpose the neoliberal emphasis on “choice” and agency with a more traditional gendered “expectation,” or “waiting” style. The dialectic between both temporalities, in which neither is hegemonic, results in a chronic state of ambivalence which impedes women's ability to fully project themselves into the future, a skill significant to planning and career ambition and the absence of which suspends women instead in an extended present. The paper aims to do two things in particular. In conceptual terms it aims to explore aspects of the configuration of the gendered self that underlie the stalling and slowing down of the gender revolution and which can be seen to provide a “missing link” between structures, institutions, and micro‐cultures. In empirical terms, it suggests a future research agenda, of which this paper constitutes a beginning, through which such gendered temporalities can be explored in greater detail via ethnographies of women's lived experience of time throughout the life course.
Intimate partner violence and perinatal health: a systematic review
Authors: Pastor‐Moreno G , Ruiz‐Pérez I , Henares‐Montiel J , Escribà‐Agüir V , Higueras‐Callejón C , Ricci‐Cabello I 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundPhysical, psychological and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) has been described in the literature as different types of IPV experienced by women during pregnancy all over the world.ObjectivesTo review and summarise systematically the empirical evidence on the links between IPV during pregnancy and the perinatal health of mothers and fetuses/neonates.Search strategyMEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, Embase, Nursing@ovid (Ovid) and LILACS were searched (2008–2018).Selection criteriaObservational studies that examined perinatal health outcomes (i.e. pre‐term birth, low birthweight, miscarriage, perinatal death and premature rupture of membranes) in pregnant women exposed to IPV.Data collection and analysisInformation on study characteristics, type of IPV measured, study design, methodological quality and outcome variable extracted.ResultsFifty studies were included. Twenty‐nine analysed undifferentiated IPV (n = 25 489), 34 included physical IPV (n = 7333), 22 analysed psychological IPV (n = 7833) and 18 examined sexual IPV (n = 2388). Fifteen studies were from Asia, 12 from North America and Oceania, and 12 from Central and South America. The studies examined the association between IPV and 39 different perinatal health outcomes. The most frequent outcomes reported were pre‐term birth (50%), low birthweight (46%), miscarriage (30%), perinatal death (20%) and premature rupture of membranes (20%). A significant association with perinatal health outcomes was reported by 12 of the studies analysing undifferentiated IPV, 18 physical IPV, six psychological IPV and two sexual IPV.ConclusionsThe relation between IPV and perinatal health outcomes can be seen in different epidemiological designs and countries. In all, 39 different outcomes were identified and 29 were associated with IPV.Tweetable abstractA variety of poor perinatal health outcomes are associated with psychological, physical and sexual IPV.
Early childhood anaemia more than doubles the risk of developmental vulnerability at school‐age among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children of remote Far North Queensland: Findings of a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Leonard Dympna , Buettner Petra , Thompson Fintan , Makrides Maria , McDermott Robyn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsEarly childhood anaemia, usually attributed to iron deficiency, is associated with persistent detrimental effects on child development. This study investigates the association of anaemia between age six and 23 months with indicators of childhood development at school‐age among children of remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of Far North Queensland.MethodsThe triennial Australian Early Development Census (AEDC) encompasses five domains of early childhood development—physical health and wellbeing, social competence, emotional maturity, language and cognitive skills (school‐based), communication skills and general knowledge. AEDC 2012 and 2015 assessments were linked with health information for children and their mothers from remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities of Far North Queensland.ResultsAEDC assessments were available for 250 children who had measurements of haemoglobin recorded at age 6 to 23 months. More children who had had early childhood anaemia (n = 66/143, 46.2%, [37.9%, 54.4%]) were developmentally vulnerable on two or more domains compared to those who had not been anaemic (n = 25/107, 23.4% [15.2%, 31.5%],P < .001). Multivariable analysis confirmed that early childhood anaemia more than doubled the risk of developmental vulnerability (OR 2.2 [1.1, 4.3]P= .020) at school age.ConclusionsEarly childhood anaemia is a risk factor for developmental vulnerability at school‐age in this setting. Interventions combining nutrition promotion and multi‐micronutrient food fortification, are effective in prevention of early childhood anaemia. Such interventions could also improve early childhood development and subsequent educational achievement.
How do small birds evolve in response to climate change? Data from the long‐term record at La Brea tar pits
Authors: LONG Katherine L. , PROTHERO Donald R. , SYVERSON Valerie J. P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiology textbooks describe the small changes in the beaks of the Galápagos finches as exemplars of how birds evolve in response to environmental changes. However, recent studies of the abundant fossil birds at Rancho La Brea find no evidence of evolutionary responses to the dramatic climate changes of the glacial–interglacial cycle over the past 35 000 years: none of the large birds exhibit any change in body size or limb proportions, even during the last glacial maximum approximately 18 000–20 000 years ago, when the southern California chaparral was replaced by snowy coniferous forests. However, these are all large birds with large ranges and broad habitat preferences, capable of living in many different environments. Perhaps the smaller birds at La Brea, which have smaller home ranges and narrower habitats, might respond to climate more like Galápagos finches. The only 3 common small birds at La Brea are the western meadowlark, the yellow‐billed magpie and the raven. In this study, we demonstrate that these birds also show complete stasis over the last glacial–interglacial cycle, with no statistically significant changes between dated pits. Recent research suggests that the small‐scale changes over short timescales seen in the Galápagos finches are merely fluctuations around a stable morphology, and rarely lead to long‐term accumulation of changes or speciation. Instead, the prevalence of stasis supports the view that long‐term directional changes in morphology are quite rare. While directional changes in morphology occur frequently over short (<1 ka) timescales, in the long term such changes only rarely remain stable for long enough to appear in the fossil record.
Complex spatial patterns delay the discovery and location of food by rodents
Authors: ZHANG Shiqiang , ZHU Meilin , ZHANG Huixia , YAO Nannan , WANG Yingying , ZHANG Yifeng , WANG Zhenlong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpatial patterns in heterogeneity are generally deemed a central causal factor influencing the physiology and behavior of animals in ecological systems. However, knowledge remains limited about how such patterns influence food discovery by animals. We inferred that spatial heterogeneity plays a key role in animal food discovery and location. To prove this inference, we tested food locating parameters by 2 rodent species, Apodemus agrarius and Lasiopodomys brandtii, in different heterogeneous environments. Our results showed that spatial heterogeneity significantly influenced the food locating time of rodents, with food locating time increasing with increasing spatial heterogeneity. Furthermore, spatial heterogeneity significantly influenced invalid excavations (digging in the wrong place). Finally, spatial heterogeneity significantly influenced the frequency that heterogeneous objects were explored. Supporting our inference, our results indicate that spatial heterogeneity significantly influences the foraging behavior of animals. Consequently, increased spatial heterogeneity will impair the food locating success of rodents. We believe that this work will broaden our understanding of plant–animal interactions.
Role of phenotypic plasticity in morphological differentiation between watersnake populations
Authors: CLIFTON Ian T. , CHAMBERLAIN Jeremy D. , GIFFORD Matthew E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn individual's morphology is shaped by the environmental pressures it experiences, and the resulting morphological response is the culmination of both genetic factors and environmental (non‐genetic) conditions experienced early in its life (i.e. phenotypic plasticity). The role that phenotypic plasticity plays in shaping phenotypes is important, but evidence for its influence is often mixed. We exposed female neonate diamond‐backed watersnakes (Nerodia rhombifer) from populations experiencing different prey‐size regimes to different feeding treatments to test the influence of phenotypic plasticity in shaping trophic morphology. We found that snakes in a large‐prey treatment from a population frequently encountering large prey exhibited a higher growth rate in body size than individuals in a small‐prey treatment from the same population. This pattern was not observed in snakes from a population that regularly encounters small prey. We also found that regardless of treatment, snakes from the small‐prey population were smaller at birth than snakes from the large‐prey population and remained so throughout the study. These results suggest that the ability to plastically respond to environmental pressures may be population‐specific. These results also indicate a genetic predisposition towards larger body sizes in a population where large prey items are more common.
Lake Water Levels and Associated Hydrologic Characteristics in the Conterminous U.S.
Authors: Fergus C. Emi , Brooks J. Renée , Kaufmann Philip R. , Herlihy Alan T. , Pollard Amina I. , Weber Marc H. , Paulsen Steven G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEstablishing baseline hydrologic characteristics for lakes in the United States (U.S.) is critical to evaluate changes to lake hydrology. We used the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Lakes Assessment 2007 and 2012 surveys to assess hydrologic characteristics of a population of ~45,000 lakes in the conterminous U.S. based on probability samples of ~1,000 lakes/yr distributed across nine ecoregions. Lake hydrologic study variables include water‐level drawdown (i.e., vertical decline and horizontal littoral exposure) and two water stable isotope‐derived parameters: evaporation‐to‐inflow (E:I) and water residence time. We present (1) national and regional distributions of the study variables for both natural and man‐made lakes and (2) differences in these characteristics between 2007 and 2012. In 2007, 59% of the population of U.S. lakes had Greater than normal or Excessive drawdown relative to water levels in ecoregional reference lakes with minimal human disturbances; whereas in 2012, only 20% of lakes were significantly drawn down beyond normal ranges. Water isotope‐derived variables did not differ significantly between survey years in contrast to drawdown. Median E:I was 20% indicating that flow‐through processes dominated lake water regimes. For 75% of U.S. lakes, water residence time was less than one year and was longer in natural vs. man‐made lakes. Our study provides baseline ranges to assess local and regional lake hydrologic status and inform management decisions in changing environmental conditions.
Mitigating Impact of Devils Lake Flooding on the Sheyenne River Sulfate Concentration
Authors: Shabani Afshin , Zhang Xiaodong , Chu Xuefeng , Dodd Timothy P. , Zheng Haochi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDevils Lake is a terminal lake located in northeast North Dakota. Because of its glacial origin and accumulated salts from evaporation, the lake has a high concentration of sulfate compared to the surrounding water bodies. From 1993 to 2011, Devils Lake water levels rose by ~10 m, which flooded surrounding communities and increased the chance of an overspill to the Sheyenne River. To control the flooding, the State of North Dakota constructed two outlets to pump the lake water to the river. However, the pumped water has raised concerns about of water quality degradation and potential flooding risk of the Sheyenne River. To investigate these perceived impacts, a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was developed for the Sheyenne River and it was linked to a coupled SWAT and CE‐QUAL‐W2 model that was developed for Devils Lake in a previous study. While the current outlet schedule has attempted to maintain the total river discharge within the confines of a two‐year flood (36 m3/s), our simulation from 2012 to 2018 revealed that the diversion increased the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration from an average of 125 to >750 mg/L. Furthermore, a conceptual optimization model was developed with a goal of better preserving the water quality of the Sheyenne River while effectively mitigating the flooding of Devils Lake. The optimal solution provides a “win–win” outlet management that maintains the efficiency of the outlets while reducing the Sheyenne River sulfate concentration to ≤600 mg/L.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Modeled Watershed Scale Surface‐Depression Storage and Runoff for the Conterminous United States
Authors: Driscoll Jessica M. , Hay Lauren E. , Vanderhoof Melanie K. , Viger Roland J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study explores the viability of using simulated monthly runoff as a proxy for landscape‐scale surface‐depression storage processes simulated by the United States Geological Survey’s National Hydrologic Model (NHM) infrastructure across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Two different temporal resolution model codes (daily and monthly) were run in the NHM with the same spatial discretization. Simulated values of daily surface‐depression storage (treated as a decimal fraction of maximum volume) as computed by the daily Precipitation‐Runoff Modeling System (NHM‐PRMS) and normalized runoff (0 to 1) as computed by the Monthly Water Balance Model (NHM‐MWBM) were aggregated to monthly and annual values for each hydrologic response unit (HRU) in the CONUS geospatial fabric (HRU; n = 109,951) and analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test. Correlations between simulated runoff and surface‐depression storage aggregated to monthly and annual values were compared to identify where which time scale had relatively higher correlation values across the CONUS. Results show Spearman’s rank values >0.75 (highly correlated) for the monthly time scale in 28,279 HRUs (53.35%) compared to the annual time scale in 41,655 HRUs (78.58%). The geographic distribution of HRUs with highly correlated monthly values show areas where surface‐depression storage features are known to be common (e.g., Prairie Pothole Region, Florida).
Using Death Certificates to Explore Changes in Alcohol‐Related Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2017
Authors: White Aaron M. , Castle I‐Jen P. , Hingson Ralph W. , Powell Patricia A. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundAlcohol consumption, alcohol‐related emergency department visits, and hospitalizations have all increased in the last 2 decades, particularly among women and people middle‐aged and older. The purpose of this study was to explore data from death certificates to assess whether parallel changes in alcohol‐related mortality occurred in the United States in recent years.MethodsU.S. mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics were analyzed to estimate the annual number and rate of alcohol‐related deaths by age, sex, race, and ethnicity between 1999 and 2017 among people aged 16+. Mortality data contained details from all death certificates filed nationally. For each death, an underlying cause and up to 20 multiple or contributing causes were indicated. Deaths were identified as alcohol‐related if an alcohol‐induced cause was listed as either an underlying or multiple cause. Joinpoint analyses were performed to assess temporal trends.ResultsThe number of alcohol‐related deaths per year among people aged 16+ doubled from 35,914 to 72,558, and the rate increased 50.9% from 16.9 to 25.5 per 100,000. Nearly 1 million alcohol‐related deaths (944,880) were recorded between 1999 and 2017. In 2017, 2.6% of roughly 2.8 million deaths in the United States involved alcohol. Nearly half of alcohol‐related deaths resulted from liver disease (30.7%; 22,245) or overdoses on alcohol alone or with other drugs (17.9%; 12,954). Rates of alcohol‐related deaths were highest among males, people in age‐groups spanning 45 to 74 years, and among non‐Hispanic (NH) American Indians or Alaska Natives. Rates increased for all age‐groups except 16 to 20 and 75+ and for all racial and ethnic groups except for initial decreases among Hispanic males and NH Blacks followed by increases. The largest annual increase occurred among NH White females. Rates of acute alcohol‐related deaths increased more for people aged 55 to 64, but rates of chronic alcohol‐related deaths, which accounted for the majority of alcohol‐related deaths, increased more for younger adults aged 25 to 34.ConclusionsDeath certificates suggest that alcohol‐related mortality increased in the United States between 1999 and 2017. Given previous reports that death certificates often fail to indicate the contribution of alcohol, the scope of alcohol‐related mortality in the United States is likely higher than suggested from death certificates alone. Findings confirm an increasing burden of alcohol on public health and support the need for improving surveillance of alcohol‐involved mortality.
Industry regulation, fund characteristics, and the efficiency of Australian private health insurers
Authors: Nguyen Lan , Worthington Andrew C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe examine the technical and scale efficiency of 30 Australian private health insurers during the period 2010–2017 using data envelopment analysis (DEA). We calculate industry pure technical efficiency of 91.6 percent and scale efficiency of 95.1 percent. We also employ a two‐stage DEA truncated bootstrapped regression to model efficiency on fund and policy factors. The results show that premium restrictions and risk equalisation policies, and fund characteristics like size, but not for‐profit/not‐for‐profit status, market share and leverage, exert significant effects. The findings suggest substantial scope for regulatory reform and structural change in the Australian private health insurance industry as a means of improving its efficiency.
Capital regulation and bank risk‐taking – new global evidence
Authors: Dias Roshanthi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the link between capital regulation and bank risk‐taking. Using a sample of over 1,800 banks in 135 countries, I find that the relationship between capital regulation and bank risk‐taking (measured by z‐score) is an inverse ‘U’ shape. That is, as capital ratios increase, a bank will take less risk initially, then more risk. These results are robust to numerous additional tests, including estimation methods. I also find that more stringent regulations mitigate the effect of higher capital on lowering bank risk‐taking. Increased capital requirements, even when risk‐based, induce risk‐taking at higher levels, irrespective of whether banks are well‐ or under‐capitalised.
Changes in smoker characteristics in England between 2008 and 2017
Authors: Garnett Claire , Tombor Ildiko , Beard Emma , Jackson Sarah E. , West Robert , Brown Jamie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsAt a time of declining smoking prevalence in England, it is useful to document any changes in the characteristics of smokers. This has implications for targeting tobacco control policies and interventions. This study compared the characteristics of smokers from 2008 to 2017 to assess changes in smoking and quitting patterns and socio‐demographic profile.Design and settingAnalysis of annual trends in results from repeated cross‐sectional surveys of representative samples of the population in England from 2008 to 2017.ParticipantsThe study included 208 813 adults aged 16+.MeasurementsInformation was gathered on age, sex, social grade and region, cigarette consumption, cigarette dependence as measured by time to first cigarette of the day, daily smoking, smoking roll‐your‐own cigarettes, attempts to cut down, use of an e‐cigarette or nicotine replacement therapy, attempts to cut down or quit, use of support in quit attempts and whether the quit attempt was abrupt.FindingsDuring the period, mean daily cigarette consumption [B = –0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = –0.33 to −0.27] and the time to first cigarette score decreased (B = –0.03, 95% CI = –0.03 to −0.02). The proportion of smokers attempting to cut down or quit decreased (odds ratio (OR) range = 0.96–0.97, 95% CI range = 0.95–0.97). Use of behavioural support [odds ratio (OR) = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.86–0.92] or no support decreased (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96–0.99), while use of pharmacological support, including e‐cigarettes, increased (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02–1.05). There was no significant change in the difference in social grade between smokers and non‐smokers comparing 2008 with 2017. Changes in smoking and quitting behaviour were independent of changes in socio‐demographic characteristics.ConclusionsBetween 2008 and 2017 in England, smokers appear to have become less dependent on cigarettes but less likely to try to quit or cut down. Of those who tried to quit, fewer used behavioural support and more used pharmacological support. The proportion from more disadvantaged backgrounds did not change significantly.