bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ESG–financial performance relationship: Does the type of employee board representation matter?
Authors: Nekhili Mehdi , Boukadhaba Amal , Nagati Haithem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch Question/IssueWe examine the impact of two differing types of employee board representation (i.e., labor board representation and employee shareholder board representations) on environmental, social, and corporate governance components of ESG performance and the moderating role of each type of employee board representation on the relationship between ESG performance and the firm's market value.Research Findings/InsightsUsing a propensity score matching approach on a sample of French firms listed in the SBF 120 index from 2007 to 2017, our findings reveal that labor board representatives act in the opposite direction to employee shareholder board representatives by focusing exclusively on improving social performance and reducing environmental and corporate governance performance. The way employees are represented on the board of directors also moderates the corporate ESG–financial performance relationship differently.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsEmployee directors are not a homogenous group. The differentiation between the two types of employee directors (i.e., labor board representatives and employee shareholder board representatives) brings a deeper understanding of the effect of stakeholders' representation on the board.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur results are of interest to governance policymakers because they provide them with a fresh understanding of the key role of employee board representation. A meaningful inference to be drawn from our findings is that employee ownership and the representation of employees on the board as employee shareholders may bring about fundamental changes in employees' attitudes and behavior on the board and may, in this regard, be considered as a credible way of generating social harmony and constructive relationships between employees and shareholders.Video Abstracthttps://youtu.be/GqB_6GxtH2A
Regulation of the limb shape during the development of the Chinese softshell turtles
Authors: Cordeiro Ingrid R. , Yu Reiko , Tanaka Mikiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInterdigital cell death is an important mechanism employed by amniotes to shape their limbs; inhibiting this process leads to the formation of webbed fingers, as seen in bats and ducks. The Chinese softshell turtle Pelodiscus sinensis (Reptilia: Testudines: Trionychidae) has a distinctive limb morphology: the anterior side of the limbs has partially webbed fingers with claw‐like protrusions, while the posterior fingers are completely enclosed in webbings. Here, P. sinensis embryos were investigated to gain insights on the evolution of limb‐shaping mechanisms in amniotes. We found cell death and cell senescence in their interdigital webbings. Spatial or temporal modulation of these processes were correlated with the appearance of indentations in the webbings, but not a complete regression of this tissue. No differences in interdigital cell proliferation were found. In subsequent stages, differential growth of the finger cartilages led to a major difference in limb shape. While no asymmetry in bone morphogenetic protein signaling was evident during interdigital cell death stages, some components of this pathway were expressed exclusively in the clawed digit tips, which also had earlier ossification. In addition, a delay and/or truncation in the chondrogenesis of the posterior digits was found in comparison with the anterior digits of P. sinensis, and also when compared with the previously published pattern of digit skeletogenesis of turtles without posterior webbings. In conclusion, modulation of cell death, as well as a heterochrony in digit chondrogenesis, may contribute to the formation of the unique limbs of the Chinese softshell turtles.
Determinants of echolocation click frequency characteristics in small toothed whales: recent advances from anatomical information
Authors: Kuroda Mika , Miki Nobuhiro , Matsuishi Takashi Fritz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The pulse‐like clicking sounds made by odontocetes for echolocation (biosonar) can be roughly classified by their frequency characteristics into narrow‐band high‐frequency (NBHF) clicks with a sharp peak at around 130 kHz and wide‐band (WB) clicks with a moderate peak at 30–100 kHz. Structural differences in the sound‐producing organs between NBHF species and WB species have not been comprehensively discussed, nor has the formation of NBHF and WB clicks.

A review of the sound‐producing organs, including the latest findings, could lead to a new hypothesis about the sound production mechanisms. In the current review, data on echolocation click characteristics and on the anatomical structure of the sound‐producing organs were compared in 33 species (14 NBHF species and 19 WB species).

We review interspecific information on the characteristics of click frequencies and data from computed tomography scans and morphology of the sound‐producing organs, accumulated in conventional studies. The morphology of several characteristic structures, such as the melon, the dense connective tissue over the melon (the ‘porpoise capsule’), and the vestibular sacs, was compared interspecifically.

Interspecific comparisons suggest that the presence or absence of the porpoise capsule is unlikely to affect echolocation frequency. Folded structures in the vestibular sacs, features that have been overlooked until now, are present in most species with NBHF sound production and not in WB species; the vestibular sacs are therefore likely to be important in determining echolocation click frequency characteristics. The acoustical properties of the shape of the melon and vestibular sacs are important topics for future investigations about the relationship between anatomical structure and sound‐producing mechanisms for echolocation clicks.
Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) during hospitalization and therapy intensification at discharge in patients with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes: results of the phase IV COBALTA trial
Authors: Perez Antonio , Carrasco-Sánchez Francisco Javier , González Carlos , Seguí-Ripoll José Miguel , Trescolí Carlos , Ena Javier , Borrell Mireia , Gomez Huelgas Ricardo 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionThis study assessed the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) during hospitalization and therapy intensification at discharge in insufficiently controlled people with type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsCOBALTA (for its acronym in Spanish, COntrol Basal durante la hospitalizacion y al ALTA) was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase IV trial including 112 evaluable inpatients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled (glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 8%–10%) with basal insulin and/or non-insulin antidiabetic drugs. Patients were treated with a basal–bolus–correction insulin regimen with Gla-300 during the hospitalization and with Gla-300 and/or non-insulin antidiabetics for 6 months after discharge. The primary endpoint was the HbA1c change from baseline to month 6 postdischarge.ResultsHbA1c levels decreased from 8.8%±0.6% at baseline to 7.2%±1.1% at month 6 postdischarge (p<0.001, mean change 1.6%±1.1%). All 7-point blood glucose levels decreased from baseline to 24 hours predischarge (p≤0.001, mean changes from 25.1±66.6 to 63.0±85.4 mg/dL). Fasting plasma glucose also decreased from baseline to 24 hours predischarge (p<0.001), month 3 (p<0.001) and month 6 (p<0.001) postdischarge (mean changes 51.5±90.9, 68.2±96.0 and 77.6±86.4 mg/dL, respectively). Satisfaction was high and hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia perception was low according to the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire at month 6 postdischarge. The incidence of confirmed (glucose<70 mg/dL)/severe hypoglycemia was 25.0% during hospitalization and 59.1% 6 months after discharge. No safety concerns were reported.ConclusionsInpatient and intensification therapy at discharge with Gla-300 improved significantly glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled with other basal insulin and/or non-insulin antidiabetic medication, with high treatment satisfaction. Gla-300 could therefore be a treatment choice for hospital and postdischarge diabetes management.
Wide-area transepithelial sampling in adjunct to forceps biopsy increases the absolute detection rates of Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal dysplasia: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Suresh Kumar Vishnu Charan , Harne Prateek , Patthipati Venkata Suresh , Subedi Abinash , Masood Umair , Sharma Anuj , Goyal Faith , Aggarwal Nancy , Sapkota Bishnu 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundWide-area transepithelial sampling (WATS) is a new technique that uses an abrasive brush to obtain samples from a larger surface area of the oesophagus. Studies have shown promising results that WATS in adjunct to forceps biopsy (FB) increases the detection rate of Barrett’s oesophagus (BE) as well as oesophageal dysplasia (ED). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the detection rates of BE and ED between FB and WATS in adjunct to FB.MethodsA Literature search was done using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane and CINAHL from inception to 26 April 2020. A meta-analysis comparing detection rates of WATS in adjunct to FB versus FB using the random-effects model was done using RevMan V.5.3.ResultsPooled data from 20 392 endoscopies across 11 studies showed an absolute increase in detection of 16% (95% CI 0.10% to 0.22%, p<0.00001). A relative increase of 1.62 was seen in detection rates of BE (95% CI 1.28 to 2.05, p<0.0001) when WATS was used with FB with the number needed to test (NNT) of 6.1 patients. For ED, a 2% absolute increase (95% CI 0.01 to 0.03, p=0.001) in additional diagnostic yield from WATS. A relative increase of 2.05 was seen in the detection rate of ED (95% CI 1.42 to 2.98, p=0.0001) yielding an NNT of 50 patients.ConclusionOur study shows that WATS, as an adjunct to FB, improves both the absolute detection rate and relative detection rate of both BE and ED as compared to FB alone.
Does adherence to evidence-based practices during childbirth prevent perinatal mortality? A post-hoc analysis of 3,274 births in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Semrau Katherine EA , Miller Kate A , Lipsitz Stuart , Fisher-Bowman Jennifer , Karlage Ami , Neville Bridget A , Krasne Margaret , Gass Jonathon , Jurczak Amanda , Pratap Singh Vinay , Singh Shambhavi , Marx Delaney Megan , Hirschhorn Lisa R , Kodkany Bhalachandra , Kumar Vishwajeet , Gawande Atul A 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundEvidence-based practices that reduce childbirth-related morbidity and mortality are core processes to quality of care. In the BetterBirth trial, a matched-pair, cluster-randomised controlled trial of a coaching-based implementation of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) in Uttar Pradesh, India, we observed a significant increase in adherence to practices, but no reduction in perinatal mortality.MethodsWithin the BetterBirth trial, we observed birth attendants in a subset of study sites providing care to labouring women to assess the adherence to individual and groups of practices. We observed care from admission to the facility until 1 hour post partum. We followed observed women/newborns for 7-day perinatal health outcomes. Using this observational data, we conducted a post-hoc, exploratory analysis to understand the relationship of birth attendants’ practice adherence to perinatal mortality.FindingsAcross 30 primary health facilities, we observed 3274 deliveries and obtained 7-day health outcomes. Adherence to individual practices, containing supply preparation and direct provider care, varied widely (0·51 to 99·78%). We recorded 166 perinatal deaths (50·71 per 1000 births), including 56 (17·1 per 1000) stillbirths. Each additional practice performed was significantly associated with reduced odds of perinatal (OR: 0·82, 95% CI: 0·72, 0·93) and early neonatal mortality (OR: 0·78, 95% CI: 0·71, 0·85). Each additional practice as part of direct provider care was associated strongly with reduced odds of perinatal (OR: 0·73, 95% CI: 0·62, 0·86) and early neonatal mortality (OR: 0·67, 95% CI: 0·56, 0·80). No individual practice or single supply preparation was associated with perinatal mortality.InterpretationAdherence to practices on the WHO SCC is associated with reduced mortality, indicating that adherence is a valid indicator of higher quality of care. However, the causal relationships between practices and outcomes are complex.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Trial registration detailsClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02148952; Universal Trial Number: U1111-1131-5647.
‘We are very individual’: anticipated effects on stroke survivors of using their person-generated health data
Authors: Dimaguila Gerardo Luis , Batchelor Frances , Merolli Mark , Gray Kathleen 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPerson-generated health data (PGHD) are produced by people when they use health information technologies. People who use PGHD may experience changes in their health and care process, such as engagement with their own healthcare, and their sense of social support and connectedness. Research into evaluating those reported effects has not kept up; thus, a method for measuring PGHD outcomes was previously designed and applied to the exemplar case of Kinect-based stroke rehabilitation systems. A key step of the method ensures that the patient’s voice is included. Allowing stroke survivors to participate in the development and evaluation of health services and treatment can inform healthcare providers on decisions about stroke care, and thereby improve health outcomes.ObjectiveThis paper presents the perspectives of stroke survivors and clinicians on the anticipated effects of stroke survivors’ use of PGHD from a poststroke simulated rehabilitation technology.MethodsThis study gathered the perspectives of stroke survivors and clinicians through three focus groups and three interviews, recruited for convenience. Participants were also asked questions intended to encourage them to comment on the initial items of the patient-reported outcome measure-PGHD. Deductive thematic analysis was performed.ResultsThis paper has further demonstrated that outcomes of using PGHD can be measured. For instance, stroke survivors described that using PGHD could result in positive, negative and nil effects on their health behaviours. Survivors and clinicians had varying perspectives in three of the six themes presented, and emphasise the importance of allowing stroke survivors to participate in the evaluation of digital health services.
Association between surgical volume and failure of primary total hip replacement in England and Wales: findings from a prospective national joint replacement register
Authors: Sayers Adrian , Steele Fiona , Whitehouse Michael R , Price Andrew , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Blom Ashley W 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of volume of total hip arthroplasty (THA) between consultants and within the same consultant in the previous year and the hazard of revision using multilevel survival models.DesignProspective cohort study using data from a national joint replacement register.SettingElective THA across all private and public centres in England and Wales between April 2003 and February 2017.ParticipantsPatients aged 50 years or more undergoing THA for osteoarthritis.InterventionThe volume of THA conducted in the preceding 365 days to the index procedure.Main outcome and measureRevision surgery (excision, addition or replacement) of a primary THA.ResultsOf the 579 858 patients undergoing primary THA (mean baseline age 69.8 years (SD 10.2)), 61.1% were women. Multilevel survival found differing results for between and within-consultant effects. There was a strong volume–revision association between consultants, with a near-linear 43.3% (95% CI 29.1% to 57.4%) reduction of the risk of revision comparing consultants with volumes between 1 and 200 procedures annually. Changes in individual surgeons (within-consultant) case volume showed no evidence of an association with revision.ConclusionSeparation of between-consultant and within-consultant effects of surgical volume reveals how volume contributes to the risk of revision after THA. The lack of association within-consultants suggests that individual changes to consultant volume alone will have little effect on outcomes following THA.These novel findings provide strong evidence supporting the practice of specialisation of hip arthroplasty. It does not support the practice of low-volume consultants increasing their personal volume as it is unlikely their results would improve if this is the only change. Limiting the exposure of patients to consultants with low volumes of THA and greater utilisation of centres with higher volume surgeons with better outcomes may be beneficial to patients.
Central nervous system (CNS) medications and polypharmacy in later life: cross-sectional analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
Authors: Slater Natasha , White Simon , Frisher Martin 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesMany central nervous system (CNS) medications are considered potentially inappropriate for prescribing in older people; however, these medications are common in polypharmacy (≥5 medicines) regimens. This paper aims to determine the prevalence of CNS drug classes commonly taken by older people. Furthermore, this paper aims to determine whether polypharmacy and other factors, previously found to be associated with overall polypharmacy, are associated with the most common CNS drug classes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingEnglish Longitudinal Study of Ageing (wave 6).Participants7730 participants (≥50 years).Main outcome measuresAdjusted Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for CNS drug classes.Results31% of the sample were currently taking ≥5 medications (polypharmacy), of whom 58% (n=1362/2356) were taking CNS medicines as part of their regimen. The most common CNS drug classes in polypharmacy regimens were non-opioid analgesics, opioid analgesics, tricyclic and related antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (34.6%, 13.2%, 10.9% and 10.4%, respectively). Compared with people currently taking 1–4 prescribed medicines, polypharmacy was associated with adjusted ORs of 5.71 (95% CI: 4.29 to 7.61, p<0.01) for opioid analgesics, 3.80 (95% CI: 3.25 to 4.44, p<0.01) for non-opioid analgesics, 3.11 (95% CI: 2.43 to 3.98, p<0.01) for TCAs and 2.30 (95% CI: 1.83 to 2.89, p<0.01) for SSRIs. Lower wealth was also associated with the aforementioned CNS drug classes.ConclusionOpioid and non-opioid analgesics were the most prevalent classes of CNS medicines in this study. Polypharmacy is strongly associated with the aforementioned classes of analgesics. Polypharmacy is also associated with TCAs and SSRIs, although to a lesser extent than for analgesics. For all CNS medicine classes, polypharmacy may need to be considered in relation to reducing the risk of potential adverse events. After adjustment, lower wealth is associated particularly with analgesics, highlighting that socioeconomic factors may play a role in the prescribing of CNS medicines. These findings provide a baseline for future research into this area.
Scientific, professional and experiential validation of the model of preventive behaviours at work: protocol of a modified Delphi Study
Authors: Lecours Alexandra 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionTo offer an in-depth understanding of preventive behaviours, those complex behaviours considered as levers to foster work prevention, recent theoretical and empirical studies permitted to develop the model of preventive behaviours at work. The next step is to validate the model with researchers, professionals and workers. This article aims to describe the study protocol that will be used to validate the model of preventive behaviours at work.Methods and analysisThis Delphi Study proposes seven systematic steps to conduct a scientifically rigorous validation study based on scientific and professional experts’ opinion. A focus group to collect workers’ opinion about the model has also been included in the protocol. Thirty experts (researchers and professionals) will be selected regarding their experience (eg, at least 5 years of experience) and expertise (eg, having published at least one article as the first author in the last 3 years) towards workers’ health or organisational behaviours. Workers will be recruited to have a diversity in terms of age, gender and working conditions. Quantitative data will be analysed to calculate the percentage of experts’ agreement on four content validity indicators (ie, comprehensiveness, representativeness, relevance and clarity). Qualitative data will be examined through a thematic analysis strategy.Ethics and disseminationApproval of the research ethics board of the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale Nationale has been obtained. Findings will be shared with various stakeholders inclusive of researchers, professionals and workers. Findings will be disseminated in workshops, peer-reviewed journals and conferences.
Work–health–personal life conflicts in naive patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving initial treatment in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Zheng Yingjing , Zhu Lin , Patrick Donald , Li Ying , Xu Fengjiao , Zhang Li , Song Mengna , Cheng Xiao , Chen Boyan , Chen Ying , Lu Xiaoyang , Wang Hongmei 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesPeople with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) perform sick roles, work roles and personal roles simultaneously. At times, role conflicts arise because of failure to meet the expectations of different roles. Role conflicts may increase dissatisfaction in work and family and impair their physical and mental health. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of role conflicts of treatment-naive patients with CHB in work, personal and sick roles, together with ameliorating factors in the Chinese cultural context.DesignA qualitative descriptive study. Semistructured interviews were used to collect the experience of work–health–personal life conflicts (WHPLCs), and a brief questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical information. SPSS V.21.0 was used for descriptive analysis and Dedoose (V.7.5.9) was used to code and analyse interview transcripts. This study selected six cities with different socioeconomic levels in Zhejiang Province, China. Then, researchers chose one tertiary hospital from each city as the study site, so a total of six tertiary hospitals were involved.ParticipantsWe recruited 32 patients with CHB (59.38% male) who had just started antiviral therapy for no more than three months. Participants were within the age range of 19-57 years, and the average age was 36.03 (SD=9.56) years.ResultsParticipants noted that having CHB influenced their daily life and intersected with work and personal roles, therefore causing role conflicts. Role conflicts focused on three types: time-based conflicts, strain-based conflicts and behaviour-based conflicts. The contextual factors contributing to role conflicts were identified, including personal characteristics, financial strain, traditional social roles and work environment.ConclusionsThese findings enhance our understanding of the WHPLCs experience of treatment-naive patients with CHB in China. Our findings suggest that multidimensional role conflicts should be taken into account in the intervention design and psychological counselling to improve role balance and well-being among patients with CHB.