bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Intravascular Hemolysis in Newborn Infants Using Urinary Carbonic Anhydrase I Immunoreactivity
Authors: Hulikova Alzbeta , Kramer Holger , Khan Hammad , Swietach Pawel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Mild hemolysis occurs physiologically in neonates, but more severe forms can lead to life-threatening anemia. Newborns in developing regions are particularly at-risk due to the higher incidence of triggers (protozoan infections, sepsis, certain genetic traits). In advanced healthcare facilities, hemolysis is monitored indirectly using resource-intensive methods that probe downstream ramifications. These approaches could potentially delay critical decisions in early-life care, and are not suitable for point-of-care testing. Rapid and cost-effective testing could be based on detecting red blood cell (RBC)-specific proteins, such as carbonic anhydrase I (CAI), in accessible fluids (e.g., urine).

Methods
Urine was collected from 26 full-term male neonates and analyzed for CAI using immunoassays (ELISA, western blot) and proteomics (mass spectrometry). The cohort included a range of hemolytic states, including admissions with infection, ABO incompatibility, and receiving phototherapy. Data were paired with hemoglobin, serum bilirubin (SBR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements.

Results
Urine from a control cohort (CRP &lt; 20 mg/L, SBR &lt; 125µmol/L) had no detectable CAI, in line with results from healthy adults. CAI excretion was elevated in neonates with raised SBR (&gt;125 µmol/L), including those qualifying for phototherapy. Newborns with low SBR (&lt;125 µmol/L) but elevated CRP (&gt;20 mg/L) produced urine with strong CAI immunoreactivity. Proteomics showed that CAI was the most abundant RBC-specific protein in CAI-immunopositive samples, and did not associate with other RBC-derived peptides, indicating an intravascular hemolytic source followed by CAI-selective excretion.

Conclusions
CAI is a direct biomarker of intravascular hemolysis that can be measured routinely in urine using non-invasive methods under minimal-laboratory conditions.
Apparent total tract digestibility, fecal characteristics, and blood parameters of healthy adult dogs fed high-fat diets
Authors: Kilburn Logan R , Allenspach Karin , Jergens Albert E , Bourgois-Mochel Agnes , Mochel Jonathan P , Serao Mariana C Rossoni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPet foods may be formulated with decreased starch to meet consumer demands for less processed diets. Fats and oils may be added to low-starch diets to meet energy requirements, but little is known about its effects on canine health. The study objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding healthy adult dogs low carbohydrate, high-fat diets on apparent total tract digestibility, fecal characteristics, and overall health status. Eight adult Beagles were enrolled in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design feeding trial. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of four dietary fat level treatments (T) within each period: 32% (T1), 37% (T2), 42% (T3), and 47% (T4) fat on a dry matter basis. Fat levels were adjusted with the inclusion of canola oil added to a commercial diet. Each dog was fed to exceed its energy requirement based on NRC (2006). Blood samples were analyzed for complete blood counts, chemistry profiles, and canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity levels. Apparent total tract digestibility improved (P &lt; 0.05) as the fat level increased for dry matter, organic matter, fat, and gross energy. Fecal output decreased as levels of fat increased in the diet (P = 0.002). There was no effect of fat level on stool quality or short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations in fecal samples (P ≥ 0.20). Blood urea nitrogen levels decreased with increased fat level (P = 0.035). No significant differences were seen in canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (P = 0.110). All blood parameters remained within normal reference intervals. In summary, increased dietary fat improved apparent total tract digestibility, did not alter fecal characteristics, and maintained the health status of all dogs.
PCR-based approach for site-specific conjugation of long double-stranded DNA to a single-domain VHH antibody
Authors: Akazawa-Ogawa Yoko , Komatsu Yasuo , Nakajima Yoshihiro , Kojima Naoshi , Hagihara Yoshihisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSite-specific conjugation of double-stranded DNA using antibodies enables the development of unique applications for antibody–drug conjugates utilizing recent advances in nucleic acid medicines. Here, we describe a novel method to conjugate a camelid-derived single-domain VHH (variable domain of a heavy chain antibody) antibody with arbitrarily sized double-stranded DNA by PCR. Cysteine in anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) VHH was replaced by alanine, and an unpaired cysteine was introduced at the carboxyl terminus. These modifications enabled site-specific labelling with a maleimide-modified DNA oligo via thioether bond formation; the ensuing product—single-stranded DNA conjugated at the carboxyl terminus of VHH—retained its affinity for EGFR. To investigate whether this VHH–single-stranded DNA conjugate might be used as a forward primer, we subjected it to PCR, producing 100–500 bp DNA. We confirmed the amplification of the VHH–double-stranded DNA conjugate by examining its mobility on acrylamide gel; retention of the binding affinity of the conjugate for EGFR was identified by immuno-PCR.
Embedding quasi-static time series within a genetic algorithm for stochastic optimization: the case of reactive power compensation on distribution systems
Authors: Lujano-Rojas Juan M , Zubi Ghassan , Dufo-López Rodolfo , Bernal-Agustín José L , Atencio-Guerra José L , Catalão João P S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for the optimal placement and sizing of reactive power compensation devices in a distribution system (DS) with distributed generation. Quasi-static time series is embedded in an optimization method based on a genetic algorithm to adequately represent the uncertainty introduced by solar photovoltaic generation and electricity demand and its effect on DS operation. From the analysis of a typical DS, the reactive power compensation rating power results in an increment of 24.9% when compared to the classical genetic algorithm model. However, the incorporation of quasi-static time series analysis entails an increase of 26.8% on the computational time required.
Probing Behavior of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) on Valencia Orange Influenced by Sex, Color, and Size
Authors: Ebert Timothy A , Rogers Michael E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Jagoueix, Bové, and Garnier (Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae) is transmitted by the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and putatively causes Huanglongbing disease in citrus. Huanglongbing has reduced yields by 68% relative to pre-disease yields in Florida. Disease management is partly through vector control. Understanding vector biology is essential in this endeavor. Our goal was to document differences in probing behavior linked to sex. Based on both a literature review and our results, we conclude that there is either no effect of sex or that identifying such an effect requires a sample size at least four times larger than standard methodologies. Including both color and sex in statistical models did not improve model performance. Both sex and color are correlated with body size, and body size has not been considered in previous studies on sex in D. citri in terms of probing behavior. An effect of body size was found wherein larger psyllids took longer to reach ingestion behaviors and larger individuals spent more time-ingesting phloem, but these relationships explained little of the variability in these data. We suggest that the effects of sex can be ignored when running EPG experiments on healthy psyllids.
Functional evaluation following deltoid muscle resection in patients with soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Hamada Shunsuke , Nishida Yoshihiro , Takanari Keisuke , Ota Takehiro , Urakawa Hiroshi , Ikuta Kunihiro , Sakai Tomohisa , Tsukushi Satoshi , Kamei Yuzuru , Ishiguro Naoki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to determine functional outcomes in patients undergoing deltoid muscle resection for soft tissue sarcoma.MethodsBetween 2002 and 2014, 18 patients with soft tissue sarcoma of the shoulder who underwent wide resection including the deltoid muscle, and were followed up for more than 12 months, were retrospectively included in the study. In all, 11 patients were male and 7 were female. The median age was 59 years, median follow-up duration was 37 months. The extent of resection of deltoid muscle, with or without rotator cuff damage, reconstruction methods, adjuvant therapy, oncological outcomes, and the International Society of Limb Salvage (ISOLS) score as functional outcomes were analyzed.ResultsSix patients underwent total resection, and twelve underwent partial resections of deltoid muscle. The rotator cuff was resected in four patients. Soft tissue reconstruction was performed in 17 patients using a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap. Two local recurrences and three distant metastases occurred during follow-up. Median overall survival was 72 months. The mean ISOLS score was 25.0 points (±4.6points). Univariate analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in ISOLS score regarding the extent of deltoid muscle resection. Multivariate analysis identified only combined resection of the rotator cuff as a significant prognostic factor for poor functional outcomes (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThe extent of resection of the deltoid muscle might not affect the functional outcomes determined by ISOLS score. If the rotator cuff is resected concurrently, satisfactory functional outcomes might not be obtained.
Lockean Copyright versus Lockean Property
Authors: Chatterjee Mala 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLocke’s labor theory, the most familiar of property theories, has faced centuries of philosophical criticism. Nonetheless, recent legal scholars have applied it to intellectual property while overlooking these philosophical critiques. Philosophers, on the other hand, are largely absent in IP theorizing, thus not asking whether Locke’s resilient intuition is salvageable in copyright’s domain. This Article argues that Lockean copyright is actually far more plausible than Lockean property, for it avoids the most devastating objections the latter faces. It then defends a surprising doctrinal implication of this theoretical conclusion: a workable Lockean copyright favors rights far more limited than present law.
Aggressive FUS-Mutant Motor Neuron Disease Without Profound Spinal Cord Pathology
Authors: Wongworawat Yan Chen , Liu Yin Allison , Raghavan Ravi , White Charles L , Dietz Robin , Zuppan Craig , Rosenfeld Jeffrey 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A 29-year-old man presented with rapidly progressive severe neck weakness, asymmetrical bilateral upper extremity weakness, bulbar dysfunction, profound muscle wasting, and weight loss. Within 1 year, his speech became unintelligible, he became gastrostomy- and tracheostomy/ventilator-dependent, and wheelchair bound. Electrophysiology suggested motor neuron disease. Whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the fused in sarcoma gene (FUS), c.1574C&gt;T,p. R525L, consistent with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Autopsy revealed extensive denervation atrophy of skeletal musculature. Surprisingly, there was only minimal patchy depletion of motor neurons within the cervico-thoracic spinal cord anterior horn cells, and the tracts were largely preserved. TDP-43 inclusions were absent. Abnormal expression of FUS mutation product (cytoplasmic inclusions) was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry within anterior horn motor neurons. The most prominent finding was a disparity between profound neck weakness and relatively low-grade anterior horn cell loss or tract degeneration in the cervico-thoracic cord.
The Promise and Perils of Voice
Authors: Moy Patricia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article, based on the author's presidential address at the International Communication Association's 69th annual conference, speaks to the dual-edged nature of voice. It positions voice and the public as two closely related concepts, and reviews how varying definitions of the public throughout the years have played a critical role in determining which voices get heard. The article then discusses the normative foregrounding of voice in deliberative democracy and how, facilitated by technology, voices also bring with them noise and clamor. Finally, this article highlights concerns that arise from an overabundance of voices, and calls for mindful, disciplinary exercising of voice.
Comparison of Diagnostic Yield of Tuberculosis Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay With Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test, Acid-Fast Bacilli Microscopy, and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube Culture in Children With Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Dayal Rajeshwar , Yadav Alok , Agarwal Dipti , Kumar Manoj , Kamal Raj , Singh Dharmendra , Bhatnagar Shailendra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CB-NAAT) has been recommended for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children, but its wide use is limited by high cost and the need for well-equipped laboratories. This study was conducted in children with pulmonary TB to compare the diagnostic yield of TB-LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification test) with CB-NAAT and other conventional methods.

Methods
Patients ≤ 14 years of age diagnosed with probable pulmonary TB were included in the study. Induced sputum/gastric aspirate was obtained and subjected to acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy, mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture, CB-NAAT, and TB-LAMP. The TB-LAMP assay was performed using 2 different primers, IS6110 and mpb64, for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). TB-LAMP assays were compared to other assays using appropriate statistical tests.

Results
One hundred fourteen subjects were recruited in the study. AFB microscopy, MGIT culture, CB-NAAT, TB-LAMP IS6110, and TB-LAMP mpb64 showed positivity of 32 (28.1%), 59 (51.7%), 66 (57.9%), 75 (65.8%), and 81 (71%), respectively. TB-LAMP IS6110 showed significantly higher MTB detection in comparison to AFB microscopy and MGIT culture (P = .0001 and P = .03, respectively), and showed no significant difference in MTB detection in comparison with CB-NAAT (P = .219). TB-LAMP mpb64 showed significantly higher MTB detection as compared to AFB microscopy, MGIT culture, and CB-NAAT (P = .0001, P = .003, and P = .037, respectively). TB-LAMP mpb64 and IS6110 showed sensitivity of 94.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.9%–98.9%) and 89.8% (95% CI, 79.7%–96.2%), respectively, in reference to MGIT culture. The degree of agreement between TB-LAMP (mpb64 and IS6110) with CB-NAAT showed κ values of 0.718 and 0.834, respectively.

Conclusions
TB-LAMP assay can be a useful alternative test in diagnosis of pulmonary TB in children.
The Dilemma of Ghana-Based Liberian Refugees and the Challenges of Repatriation and Integration
Authors: Antwi-Boateng Osman , Braimah Mohammed Kamarideen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the aftermath of the Liberian civil war and the signing of the final peace agreement among the warring factions, the international community and host countries of Liberian refugees in the West African sub-region disproportionately pursued the policy of refugee repatriation to Liberia at the expense of other options such as integration and resettlement as a solution for the refugee problem. Using the Liberian refugees in the Buduburam refugee camp in Ghana as a qualitative case study, this research argues that the policy of repatriation has largely failed. The research arrives at this conclusion via the use of focus-group interviews of a cross-section of remaining Liberian refugees in the Buduburam camp. The research discovered that while the refugees are discontent with their current circumstances in Ghana, they are hesitant to return home due to unfavourable homeland conditions. The combination of both unfavourable host and homeland conditions constitutes ‘intervening obstacles’ that mitigate against repatriation and thus put the Ghana-based Liberian refugees in a dilemma. The research recommends the option of integration as a viable option that should be legislated and institutionalized to attract the necessary buy-in from the remaining refugees.
The use of decompressive segmental sublaminoplasty to treat myelopathy caused by lumbar stenosis in tethered cord syndrome
Authors: Breton Jeffrey M , Yang Michael J , Riesenburger Ron I 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A 79-year-old woman presented with acute-onset right leg pain in the setting of 3 months of progressive gait deterioration and bilateral leg weakness. On exam she had right lower extremity hyperreflexia and weakness. Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated L3–L5 central canal stenosis with L4–L5 spondylolisthesis and a previously undiagnosed tethered cord. She underwent minimally invasive left segmental sublaminoplasty at L3–L4 and L4–L5 for spinal cord decompression with onlay arthrodesis resulting in resolution of her radicular pain and improved strength. This is a unique case of lumbar spinal stenosis presenting with myelopathy in the context of a previously asymptomatic and undiagnosed tethered cord.
Model-assisted analysis of the peach pedicel–fruit system suggests regulation of sugar uptake and a water-saving strategy
Authors: Constantinescu Dario , Vercambre Gilles , Génard Michel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We develop a model based on the biophysical representation of water and sugar flows between the pedicel, fruit xylem and phloem, and the fruit apoplast and symplast in order to identify diurnal patterns of transport in the pedicel–fruit system of peach. The model predicts that during the night water is mainly imported to the fruit through the xylem, and that fruit phloem–xylem transfer of water allows sugar concentrations in the phloem to be higher in the fruit than in the pedicel. This results in relatively high sugar transport to the fruit apoplast, leading to relatively high sugar uptake by the fruit symplast despite low sugar concentrations in the pedicel. At midday, the model predicts a xylem backflow of water driven by a lower pressure potential in the xylem than in the fruit apoplast. In addition, fruit xylem-to-phloem transfer of water decreases the fruit phloem sugar concentration, resulting in moderate sugar uptake by the fruit symplast, despite the high sugar concentration in the pedicel. Globally, the predicted fruit xylem–phloem water transfers buffer the sugar concentrations in the fruit phloem and apoplast, leading to a diurnally regulated uptake of sugar. A possible fruit xylem-to-apoplast recirculation of water through the fruit phloem reduces water lost by xylem backflow at midday.
Unravelling the effect of two herbicide resistance mutations on acetolactate synthase kinetics and growth traits
Authors: Zhao Ning , Yan Yanyan , Du Long , Zhang Xiaolin , Liu Weitang , Wang Jinxin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Gene mutations conferring herbicide resistance are hypothesized to have negative pleiotropic effects on plant growth and fitness, which may in turn determine the evolutionary dynamics of herbicide resistance alleles. We used the widespread, annual, diploid grass weed Alopecurus aequalis as a model species to investigate the effect of two resistance mutations—the rare Pro-197-Tyr mutation and the most common mutation, Trp-574-Leu—on acetolactate synthase (ALS) functionality and plant growth. We characterized the enzyme kinetics of ALS from two purified A. aequalis populations, each homozygous for the resistance mutation 197-Tyr or 574-Leu, and assessed the pleiotropic effects of these mutations on plant growth. Both mutations reduced sensitivity of ALS to ALS-inhibiting herbicides without significant changes in extractable ALS activity. The 197-Tyr mutation slightly decreased the substrate affinity (corresponding to an increased Km for pyruvate) and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) of ALS, whereas the 574-Leu mutation significantly increased these kinetics. Significant decrease or increase in plant growth associated, respectively, with the 197-Tyr and 574-Leu resistance mutations was highly correlated with their impact on ALS kinetics, suggesting more likely persistence of the 574-Leu mutation than the 197-Tyr mutation if herbicide application is discontinued.
Large X-Linked Palindromes Undergo Arm-to-Arm Gene Conversion across Mus Lineages
Authors: Swanepoel Callie M , Gerlinger Emma R , Mueller Jacob L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Large (&gt;10 kb), nearly identical (&gt;99% nucleotide identity), palindromic sequences are enriched on mammalian sex chromosomes. Primate Y-palindromes undergo high rates of arm-to-arm gene conversion, a proposed mechanism for maintaining their sequence integrity in the absence of X–Y recombination. It is unclear whether X-palindromes, which can freely recombine in females, undergo arm-to-arm gene conversion and, if so, at what rate. We generated high-quality sequence assemblies of Mus molossinus and M. spretus X-palindromic regions and compared them with orthologous M. musculus X-palindromes. Our evolutionary sequence comparisons find evidence of X-palindrome arm-to-arm gene conversion at rates comparable to autosomal allelic gene conversion rates in mice. Mus X-palindromes also carry more derived than ancestral variants between species, suggesting that their sequence is rapidly diverging. We speculate that in addition to maintaining genes’ sequence integrity via sequence homogenization, palindrome arm-to-arm gene conversion may also facilitate rapid sequence divergence.
A Uniquely Complex Mitochondrial Proteome from Euglena gracilis
Authors: Hammond Michael J , Nenarokova Anna , Butenko Anzhelika , Zoltner Martin , Dobáková Eva Lacová , Field Mark C , Lukeš Julius 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEuglena gracilis is a metabolically flexible, photosynthetic, and adaptable free-living protist of considerable environmental importance and biotechnological value. By label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, a total of 1,786 proteins were identified from the E. gracilis purified mitochondria, representing one of the largest mitochondrial proteomes so far described. Despite this apparent complexity, protein machinery responsible for the extensive RNA editing, splicing, and processing in the sister clades diplonemids and kinetoplastids is absent. This strongly suggests that the complex mechanisms of mitochondrial gene expression in diplonemids and kinetoplastids occurred late in euglenozoan evolution, arising independently. By contrast, the alternative oxidase pathway and numerous ribosomal subunits presumed to be specific for parasitic trypanosomes are present in E. gracilis. We investigated the evolution of unexplored protein families, including import complexes, cristae formation proteins, and translation termination factors, as well as canonical and unique metabolic pathways. We additionally compare this mitoproteome with the transcriptome of Eutreptiella gymnastica, illuminating conserved features of Euglenida mitochondria as well as those exclusive to E. gracilis. This is the first mitochondrial proteome of a free-living protist from the Excavata and one of few available for protists as a whole. This study alters our views of the evolution of the mitochondrion and indicates early emergence of complexity within euglenozoan mitochondria, independent of parasitism.