bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer since 1965
Authors: Matsubara Hisahiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Japan, the treatment of esophageal cancer has undergone significant development since the Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases was established in 1965 by Doctors Komei Nakayama, Shigetsugu Katsura, and Ichiro Akakura. When the Society was established, surgery was the first‐line treatment for esophageal cancer. Since then, the Society has been led by three successive chairpersons—Doctors Katsura, Nakayama, and Satoh. Over this time, surgery‐related mortalities declined to 5%‐6% because of the rapid improvements in surgical technique. Beginning in 1980, the bilateral cervical lymph node dissection technique gained attention, and favorable long‐term outcomes were gradually reported. A nationwide questionnaire survey, conducted by the Society in 1990, showed that more favorable long‐term outcomes were achieved by following the three‐field lymph node dissection technique than by following the two‐field lymph node dissection technique. Since then, the three‐field lymph node dissection technique has been recognized and widely used as the standard surgical procedure for treating esophageal cancer. After clinical studies examined the utility of various pre‐ and postoperative adjunctive therapies in outcome improvements, preoperative chemotherapy was recognized as the standard treatment in the therapy guidelines. Additionally, less invasive surgical methods have been developed, including endoscopic and robot‐assisted surgeries, which are applied in general practice now. However, unresectable and recurrent esophageal cancers remain difficult to treat, and additional treatments should be developed.
Effort‐reward imbalance at work and weight changes in a nationwide cohort of workers in Denmark
Authors: Nordentoft Mads , Rod Naja Hulvej , Bonde Jens Peter , Bjorner Jakob Bue , Cleal Bryan , Larsen Ann Dyreborg , Madsen Ida E.H. , Magnusson Hanson Linda L. , Nexo Mette Andersen , Pedersen Line Rosendahl Meldgaard , Sterud Tom , Xu Tianwei , Rugulies Reiner 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relation between effort‐reward imbalance (ERI) at work and subsequent weight changes.MethodsWe included participants from a population‐based cohort of workers in Denmark (mean age = 47 years, 54% women) with two (n = 9005) or three repeated measurements (n = 5710). We investigated the association between (a) ERI (ie, the mismatch between high efforts spent and low rewards received at work) at baseline and weight changes after a 2‐year follow‐up (defined as ≥5% increase or decrease in body mass index (BMI) vs stable), and (b) onset and remission of ERI and subsequent changes in BMI. Using multinomial logistic regression we calculated risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for sex, age, education, cohabitation, migration background, and follow‐up time.ResultsAfter 2 years, 15% had an increase and 13% a decrease in BMI. Exposure to ERI at baseline yielded RRs of 1.09 (95% CI: 0.95‐1.25) and 1.04 (95% CI: 0.90‐1.20) for the increase and decrease in BMI, respectively. There were no differences between sex and baseline BMI in stratified analyses. The onset of ERI yielded RRs of 1.04 (95% CI: 0.82‐1.31) and 1.15 (95% CI: 0.84‐1.57) for subsequent increase and decrease in BMI. The RRs for the remission of ERI and subsequent increase and decrease in BMI were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.71‐1.20) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.53‐1.13), respectively. Of the ERI components, high rewards were associated with a lower risk of BMI increase.ConclusionERI was not a risk factor for weight changes. Future studies may investigate whether this result is generalizable to other occupational cohorts and settings.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Mechanisms of Thalamic Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mahajan Kedar R. , Nakamura Kunio , Cohen Jeffrey A. , Trapp Bruce D. , Ontaneda Daniel 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThalamic atrophy is among the earliest brain changes detected in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the degree of thalamic atrophy is a strong predictor of disability progression. The causes of thalamic atrophy are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the contributions of thalamic demyelinated lesions, thalamic neuronal loss, and cerebral white matter (WM) lesions to thalamic volume.MethodsWe used postmortem in situ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 95 subjects with MS to correlate thalamic lesion volumes with global MRI metrics. We histologically characterized thalamic demyelination patterns and compared neuronal loss and neuritic pathology in the thalami with the extremes of volume.ResultsGrossly apparent thalamic discolorations in cm‐thick brain slices were T2/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense, T1‐hypointense, and appeared as perivascular demyelinated lesions with dystrophic neurons/axons. Subependymal demyelinated lesions with axonal loss and microglial/macrophage activation were also observed. The 12 subjects with the least thalamic volume had a 17.6% reduction of median neuronal density in the dorsomedial/ventrolateral and pulvinar nuclei compared with the 14 subjects with the greatest thalamic volume (p = 0.03). After correcting for age, disease duration, sex, and T2 lesion volume, the total (p = 0.20), ovoid (p = 0.31), or subependymal (p = 0.44) MRI thalamic lesion volumes correlated with thalamic volume. Thalamic volume correlated with cerebral T2 lesion volume (Spearman’s rho = −0.65, p < 0.001; p < 0.0001 after correcting for age, disease duration, and sex).InterpretationOur findings suggest the degeneration of efferent/afferent thalamic projections and/or a neurodegenerative process as greater contributors to thalamic atrophy than thalamic demyelinating lesions. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:81–92
All‐Angle Self‐Collimation‐Based Invisibility Cloaking in 2D Square Lattice Photonic Crystals
Authors: Karimpour Saied , Noori Mina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHere, a two‐dimensional (2D) hole‐type square lattice photonic crystal is shown to achieve invisibility cloaking based on all‐angle self‐collimation. The proposed structure, which is composed of the high‐refraction‐index dielectric material PbTe (nPbTe ≈ 6), is applicable in the mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) frequency range. The cloaking region is capable of hiding any object of any shape and size since the incoming wave does not interact with the cloaked object. The optimization process and the functionality of the proposed structure are investigated by equal frequency contour analysis and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.
Conformational Design Principles in Total Synthesis
Authors: Chen Renzhi , Shen Yang , Yang Sihan , Zhang Yandong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConformation is one of the most fundamental concepts in organic chemistry for chemists to visualize a molecule as a three‐dimensional object in addition to its constitution and configuration. Conformational factors significantly affect the physical properties, chemical reactivities, and biological activities of a molecule. The significance of conformational design has been generally recognized since its successful application in the total synthesis of complex natural products, such as vitamin B12 and erythronolide. Conformational analysis, especially intentional control of conformational preferences by conformational design, could play a critical role in the synthesis of complex organic molecules by guiding the formation of bonds, stereocenters, or rings. This Minireview highlights selected examples of conformational design in natural‐product synthesis, with particular emphasis on the applications and new insights advanced in the last 20 years. The examples discussed herein are divided into three categories by structural features of the substrates: open‐chain type, cyclohexane type, and medium‐ and large‐ring type.
Influence of oxygen enrichment on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a stationary diesel engine fuelled with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel blend
Authors: S. Padmanaba Sundar , P. Vijayabalan , M. Balachandar , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar , Chamkha Ali J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiodiesel‐fuelled diesel engine with oxygen enrichment technique is one of the promising attempts for improving the performance and combustion characteristics of an engine without compromising emissions. The present study emphasizes the utilization of Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel with three different percentages of oxygen rates, namely, 1%, 2%, and 3%, were inducted in the intake manifold of stationary diesel engine; and the results were compared with B20 (without oxygen enrichment) and conventional diesel. Results indicated that biodiesel blend B20 with 2% oxygen enrichment substantially improved the BTE to about 28.1%, which is higher than B20 and diesel fuel. The BTE is improved by 43.5 and 15% as compared with B20 and diesel fuel, respectively. Results also revealed that the cylinder pressure using B20 with 2% oxygen enrichment is improved to about 9.6% with B20 and diesel. The precombustion phase was reduced along with ignition delay, producing longer diffusion phase for all oxygen‐enriched fuels. Also, significant reduction in stringent emissions of CO (67% with B20 and 50% with diesel) and smoke (85% with B20 and 63% with diesel) but NOx emissions were increased. The experimental study reveals that the impact of oxygen enrichment on biodiesel blended fuel offered superior engine characteristics than diesel fuel.
Effect of squid fin bionic surface and magnetic nanofluids on CPU cooling performance under magnetic field
Authors: Qi Cong , Wang Yuxing , Tang Jinghua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn order to improve the low cooling efficiency of electronic component, a squid fin bionic surface and composite magnetic nanofluids were developed and applied in CPU cooling. Effects of squid fin bionic surface and composite nanofluids Fe3O4‐CNTs (FCNT)/water nanofluids on CPU cooling performance under magnetic field were systematically studied. The impacts of nanofluids mass fraction, wave frequency of squid fin bionic surface, magnetic induction intensity, and Reynolds number on the flow and heat exchange characteristics of magnetic nanofluids were considered. The experimental results demonstrated that the cooling capacity of magnetic nanofluids increases with the increasing wave frequency, magnetic induction intensity, and nanofluids mass fraction. Lastly, the whole experimental system was evaluated by a comprehensive performance index, and it was found that the comprehensive performance is better with higher wave frequency and stronger magnetic field.
Water loss due to evaporation from open reservoirs under weather conditions in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Bang Tuyen , Nguyen Thi Hong Nhung , Pham Quoc Thai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWater reservoirs play a significant role in agricultural irrigation systems in Vietnam. It is necessary to quantify and monitor the water storage levels in reservoirs on a timely basis in order to properly forecast the water supply for the local agriculture. For this reason, the amount of water loss due to evaporation at the open surface should be properly quantified. This study evaluated different evaporation models in the literature using published experimental data to select an appropriate model for calculating the evaporation rate at the free water surface under the local weather conditions in Da Nang city and Quang Nam province of Vietnam. Water loss calculations were made for a number of major reservoirs in these two regions, which are located in a tropical monsoon climate region of Vietnam. The results show that water loss for a typical dry day is 11.31 mm/day, whereas it is 6.82 mm/day for a typical rainy day. Estimations of the water loss per day calculated for different reservoirs that may be useful for the agricultural irrigation system management board. The results reported in this study may also benefit the future designs of the irrigation reservoirs.
Generation and characterization of inner photoreceptor‐specific enhancer‐trap lines using a novel piggyBac‐Gal4 element in Drosophila
Authors: Terzioğlu Kara Ece , Kiral Ferdi Rıdvan , Öztürk Çolak Arzu , Çelik Arzu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Drosophila inner photoreceptors R7 and R8 are responsible for color vision and their differentiation starts at the third instar larval stage. Only a handful of genes with R7 or R8‐cell‐specific expression are known. We performed an enhancer‐trap screen using a novel piggyBac transposable element, pBGay, carrying a Gal4 sequence under the control of the P promoter to identify novel genes expressed specifically in R7 or R8 cells. From this screen, three lines were analyzed in detail: piggyBacAC109 and piggyBacAC783 are expressed in R8 cells and piggyBacAC887 is expressed in R7 cells at the third instar larval stage and pupal stages. Molecular analysis showed that the piggyBac elements were inserted into the first intron of CG14160 and CG7985 genes and the second intron of unzipped. We show the expression pattern in the developing eye imaginal disc, pupal retina as well as the adult retina. The photoreceptor‐specific expression of these genes is reported for the first time and we propose that these lines are useful tools for studying the development of the visual system.
Systematic response of staurosporine scaffold‐based inhibitors to drug‐resistant cancer kinase mutations
Authors: He Yongkang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHuman protein kinases have been established as promising druggable targets in cancer therapy. However, a large number of acquired drug‐resistant kinase mutations are observed after first‐ and second‐line kinase inhibitor treatments, largely limiting the application of small‐molecule inhibitors in the targeted cancer therapy. Previously, the pan‐kinase inhibitor staurosporine and its derivatives have been reported to selectively inhibit gatekeeper mutants over wild‐type kinases, suggesting that the staurosporine scaffold is potentially helpful in developing wild‐type‐sparing inhibitors of drug‐resistant kinase mutants. Here, a systematic response profile of 32 staurosporine scaffold‐based inhibitors (SSBIs) for 61 ontology‐enriched drug‐resistant cancer kinase mutations is created using a combination of in silico analysis and in vitro assay, from which it is possible to identify those mutations that have the potential to cause resistance or confer sensitivity to SSBIs. The profile reveals that SSBIs exhibit distinct responses to kinase gatekeeper and nongatekeeper mutations, and SSBIs bearing p7 substituents can considerably influence their response to kinase gatekeeper mutations, particularly for the mutations of the Ile residue, which possesses a Cβ methyl group that tends to cause steric clash with bound SSBIs. Nongatekeeper mutations generally have a moderate and unfavorable effect on SSBI activity, as most of them are outside the kinase active site and do not directly contact inhibitor ligands. In addition, it is found that resistance is commonly caused by mutation‐induced hindrance effects, whereas sensitivity is primarily conferred by mutation‐established additional interactions.
Recent Developments in Alloying‐type Anode Materials for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Yanan , Zhang Jianmin , Li Dan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs an energy‐storage system, rechargeable potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have aroused widespread attention in recent years due to their earth abundance, low standard redox potential, and high ionic conductivity. The development of high‐performance electrode materials is key to optimize the battery performance and useful to improve the feasibility of PIB technology. In this sense, a minireview on alloying‐type anode materials for advanced PIBs is provided, covering the potassium storage properties, reaction mechanisms, theoretical analysis, electrochemical performance, and suitable binders and electrolytes.
Effekt der Boden‐Bauwerksinteraktion auf die Dynamik rahmenartiger Eisenbahnbrücken
Authors: Salcher Patrick , Onay Abdurrahman , Adam Christoph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKritische Resonanzerscheinungen an Eisenbahnbrücken verursacht durch Hochgeschwindigkeitszüge führen zu großen Verformungen, Beschleunigungen und Spannungen am Tragwerk und werden maßgeblich von den Eigenfrequenzen beeinflusst und nur durch die Dämpfung begrenzt. Gerade bei Rahmentragwerken mit kurzen Spannweiten ist durch ihre Einbindung in den Untergrund eine starke Boden‐Bauwerksinteraktion zu erwarten, die zu einer hohen geometrischen Dämpfung durch Wellenausbreitung im Boden führt. In der vorliegenden Studie wird mittels numerischer Simulationen der Einfluss der Boden‐Bauwerksinteraktion auf die Dynamik von rahmenartigen Eisenbahnbrücken anhand von Eigenfrequenzen, Eigenschwingungsformen und äquivalenten Dämpfungskoeffizienten bewertet. Grundlage sind einfache ebene Finite‐Elemente(FE)‐Modelle, bestehend aus Rahmenstruktur und umliegendem Boden. Aus der nach einem Kraftstoß in der Mitte des Riegels bzw. Stiels folgenden freien Schwingungsantwort wird die Grundfrequenz der Eigenschwingungen in vertikaler bzw. horizontaler Richtung ermittelt. Das Abklingverhalten dieser Antwort dient der Identifikation der effektiven Dämpfung. Um einen umfassenderen Einblick zur Dynamik dieser Tragwerke zu erhalten, werden in einer Parameterstudie die Geometrie des Rahmentragwerks und die Bodenparameter variiert.
A novel biallelic splice‐site variant in the LRP4 gene causes sclerosteosis 2
Authors: Bukowska‐Olech Ewelina , Sowińska‐Seidler Anna , Szczałuba Krzysztof , Jamsheer Aleksander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe LRP4 gene encodes the highly conserved low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 4 (LRP4), which acts as a co‐receptor for sclerostin. Sclerostin and LRP4 negatively regulate WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway and lack of their inhibitory activity leads to constant osteoblastic differentiation. Consequently, increased bone formation occurs, which in the case of LRP4 mutations results in sclerosteosis type 2 (SOST2). Alterations within the LRP4 may also cause Cenani‐Lenz syndactyly syndrome (CLSS), congenital myasthenia or isolated syndactyly. Here, we have reported a patient, in whom we found a novel homozygous splice‐site variant c.1048+6T>C in LRP4 using whole exome sequencing. The patient was initially misdiagnosed with isolated CLSS‐like or Malik‐Percin‐like syndactyly. However, we have finally refined the diagnosis after comprehensive radiological examination and molecularly confirmed SOST2. Additionally, we have pointed here to the splicing variants as important causative alterations that may be overlooked in the molecular analysis due to the lack of advanced, reliable algorithms, built‐into the standard diagnostic pipelines. Using advanced in silico prediction tools of splice‐site alterations, including Alamut Visual software, we have demonstrated that the c.1048+6T>C LRP4 variant affects the native donor site and impairs an SC35 enhancer activity. Based on our experience, we recommend comprehensive radiological imaging, including X‐ray of the skull in each case of isolated syndactyly resulting from pathogenic variants of LRP4. We suggest that all previously reported patients carrying biallelic LRP4 mutations, who were diagnosed with isolated syndactyly, could actually present with SOST2 that had been unrecognized due to the incomplete clinical and radiological assessment.
Spatial auto‐correlation and auto‐regressive models estimation from sample survey data
Authors: Benedetti Roberto , Suesse Thomas , Piersimoni Federica 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMaximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters for a spatial population based on data collected from a survey sample is usually straightforward when sampling and non‐response are both non‐informative, since the model can then usually be fitted using the available sample data, and no allowance is necessary for the fact that only a part of the population has been observed. Although for many regression models this naive strategy yields consistent estimates, this is not the case for some models, such as spatial auto‐regressive models. In this paper, we show that for a broad class of such models, a maximum marginal likelihood approach that uses both sample and population data leads to more efficient estimates since it uses spatial information from sampled as well as non‐sampled units. Extensive simulation experiments based on two well‐known data sets are used to assess the impact of the spatial sampling design, the auto‐correlation parameter and the sample size on the performance of this approach. When compared to some widely used methods that use only sample data, the results from these experiments show that the maximum marginal likelihood approach is much more precise.
A Bayesian decision‐theoretic approach to incorporate preclinical information into phase I oncology trials
Authors: Zheng Haiyan , Hampson Lisa V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLeveraging preclinical animal data for a phase I oncology trial is appealing yet challenging. In this paper, we use animal data to improve decision‐making in a model‐based dose‐escalation procedure. We make a proposal for how to measure and address a prior‐data conflict in a sequential study with a small sample size. Animal data are incorporated via a robust two‐component mixture prior for the parameters of the human dose–toxicity relationship. The weights placed on each component of the prior are chosen empirically and updated dynamically as the trial progresses and more data accrue. After completion of each cohort, we use a Bayesian decision‐theoretic approach to evaluate the predictive utility of the animal data for the observed human toxicity outcomes, reflecting the degree of agreement between dose–toxicity relationships in animals and humans. The proposed methodology is illustrated through several data examples and an extensive simulation study.
Antipsychotic agents deteriorate brain and retinal function in schizophrenia patients with combined auditory and visual hallucinations: A pilot study and secondary follow‐up study
Authors: Zhuo Chuanjun , Xiao Bo , Chen Ce , Jiang Deguo , Li Gongying , Ma Xiaoyan , Li Ranli , Wang Lina , Xu Yong , Zhou Chunhua , Lin Xiaodong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionSchizophrenia patients often experience auditory hallucinations (AHs) and visual hallucinations (VHs). However, the degree and type of brain and retinal alterations associated with combined AHs and VHs in schizophrenia patients remain unknown. There is an urgent need for a study that investigates the trajectory of brain and retinal alterations in patients with first‐episode untreated schizophrenia accompanied by combined AHs and VHs (FUSCHAV).MethodsFUSCHAV patients (n = 120), divided into four groups according to AH and VH symptom severity (severe AHs combined with severe VHs [FUSCHSASV, 20 patients]; middle‐to‐moderate AHs combined with severe VHs [FUSCHMASV, 23 patients]; severe AHs combined with middle‐to‐moderate VHs [FUSCHSAMV, 28 patients]; and middle‐to‐moderate AHs combined with middle‐to‐moderate VHs [FUSCHMAMV, 26 patients]), were compared to healthy controls (n = 30). Gray matter volume (GMV) was adopted for brain structural alteration assessment. Total retinal thickness was adopted as a measure of retinal thickness impairment.ResultsIn the pilot study, the rate of GMV reduction showed an inverted U‐shaped pattern across the different FUSCHAV patient groups according to AH and VH severity. The degree of retinal impairment remained stable across the groups. More notably, in the secondary follow‐up study, we observed that, after 6 months of treatment with antipsychotic agents, all the GMV reduction‐related differences across the different patient groups disappeared, and both GMV and retinal thickness demonstrated a tendency to deteriorate.ConclusionsThese findings indicate the need for heightened alertness on brain and retinal impairments in patients with FUSCHAV. Further deteriorations induced by antipsychotic agent treatment should be monitored in clinical practice.