bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suggestions for a gender-sensitive and intersectional practice of health monitoring and reporting
Authors: Mena E , Jaehn P , Merz S , Pöge K , Strasser S , Saß A C , Rommel A , Holmberg C , Bolte G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Health reports summarize the evidence basis on disease burden and its causes and are intended to inform decisions of policy makers. By focusing on health needs of social groupings according to sex/gender or race/ethnicity, PHMR crucially contributes to achieving health equity. In order to realise its aims, PHMR relies on the availability of high-quality data, appropriate analysis methods and intuitive presentation of results.

Methods
The joint project AdvanceGender used mixed methods to translate principles of intersectionality into new methods for recruitment, data analysis and health reporting. A review of descriptions of representativeness in epidemiological studies was conducted to investigate how an intersectional perspective can inform recruitment. To evaluate intersectional and gender-sensitive data analysis, we reviewed and applied recently developed methods such as classification and regression tree analysis (CART) and multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA).

Findings
An intersectional perspective on representativeness unravelled that study participation of women and men might be differential according to further social categories such as civil status or educational level. CART analysis might help to identify intersectional groupings differing in health behaviours or outcomes by exploring a multitude of social dimensions without facing the risk of stereotyping with predefined categories. MAIHDA depicts an alternative method that is suited for descriptive analyses of health-related outcomes among intersectional strata. In contrast to analysing supposedly static features such as sex, a focus on solution-linked variables like social support might be a fertile ground to identify areas for public health action.

Discussion
Principles of intersectionality open up new perspectives for recruitment and data analysis that might be fruitful for population health research and ultimately for PHMR.

Greta Bauer
Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
Contact: gbauer@uwo.ca
Olena Hankivsky
University of Melbourne, Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne, Australia Institute for Intersectionality Research, School of Public Policy, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
Contact: o.hankivsky@unimelb.edu.au
Nicole Rosenkötter
NRW Centre for Health, Division of Health Reporting, Bielefeld, Germany
Contact: Nicole.Rosenkoetter@lzg.nrw.de
Health reception policies for asylum-seeking and refugee children in the Nordic countries
Authors: Michaëlis C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Health reception policies of asylum seekers have become an important part of welfare policy in the Nordic countries. The reception phase seems to have important consequences for the asylum seekers' future health, and addressing health needs early on is instrumental in facilitating individual rehabilitation, integration, educational achievement and labour market participation. Offering health assessment upon arrival may not only benefit the individual but also the society at large.

Methods
The material used in the study was obtained through desk research and combines national laws, acts, regulations, policy documents, national guidelines, research papers and evaluation reports to outline and compare Nordic reception polices and policy development from 1980-2018.

Results
Health reception of asylum seekers has changed considerably over time and varies according to national and local policies of the receiving country. There have been significant differences across the Nordic countries both with respect to coverage and type of health assessments. However, findings suggest a common overarching focus on infectious disease control and acute healthcare needs. Infectious disease control still seems to be a major component of today's health reception, whereas mental health has been a less frequent component in the reception.

Conclusions
The Nordic countries share similarities and differences in their development and implementation of health reception policies. Health reception policies and initiatives in the Nordic countries have changed considerably over time in relation to several factors, including perceived risk of infectious diseases, number of asylum seekers, as well as economic, political and societal factors. Further research is needed on whether and how these policies are carried out in practice, and to explore the effects and outcomes of these policies.
Solidarity and regulatory frameworks in (public health) Big Data
Authors: Puyol A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The question of governing medical data use has become very important. The traditional way of governing it is through data protection (e.g. General Data Protection Regulation in EU). However, Prainsack and Buyx (2016, 2017) rightly point out that the strictly regulation approach is insufficient for dealing with all abuses related to the use of big data: excessive control can curb the opportunities and benefits of digital technologies for users and society, and control and regulation may be insufficient in controlling all risks associated with the use of big data. In opposition to the strict regulation approach, they propose a new one, based on solidarity. The solidarity approach entails the acceptance of the impossibility of eliminating the risks of modern data usage, and it implies a formula for compensating those affected by possible abuses: harm mitigation funds. Such funds would help to ensure that people who accept those risks and are harmed as a result have appropriate support. I do not question the adequacy of harm mitigation funds, but rather the conception of solidarity that they choose to justify them. I argue that this conception of solidarity, based on psychology and moral sociology, has less normative force than exists in the strict regulation approach, which is based on the defence of fundamental rights. If we want the policy of harm mitigation funds to have a normative force similar to that of the strict regulation approach, then we must choose a conception of solidarity based on respect for fundamental rights.
13.D. Workshop: SDGs in the focus of environmental and health issues
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA Environment and health section,   Chair persons: Marija Jevtic – EUPHA-ENV, Peter Van Den Hazel – EUPHA-ENV
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This workshop is dedicated on SDGs in the focus of environmental and health issues, as very important and actual topic.
One of the characteristics of today's societies is the significant availability of modern technologies. Over 5 billion (about 67%) people have a cellphone today. More than 4.5 billion people worldwide use the Internet, close to 60% of the total population. At the same time, one third of the people in the world does not have access to safe drinking water and half of the population does not have access to safe sanitation. The WHO at UN warns of severe inequalities in access to water and hygiene.
Air, essential to life, is a leading risk due to ubiquitous pollution and contributes to the global disease burden (7 million deaths per year). Air pollution is a consequence of traffic and industry, but also of demographic trends and other human activities. Food availability reflects global inequality, famine eradication being one of the SDGs. The WHO warns of the urgency. As technology progresses, social inequality grows, the gap widens, and the environment continues to suffer. Furthermore, the social environment in societies is “ruffled” and does not appear to be beneficial toward well-being. New inequalities are emerging in the availability of technology, climate change, education.
The achievement reports on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also point out to the need of reviewing individual indicators. According to the Sustainable Development Agenda, one of the goals is to reduce inequalities, and environmental health is faced by several specific goals.
The Global Burden of Disease is the most comprehensive effort to date to measure epidemiological levels and trends worldwide. It is the product of a global research collaborative and quantifies the impact of hundreds of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in countries around the world.
This workshop will also discuss Urban Health as a Complex System in the light of SDGs. Climate Change, Public Health impacts and the role of the new digital technologies is also important topic which is contributing to SDG3, improving health, to SDG4, allowing to provide distance health education at relatively low cost and to SDG 13, by reducing the CO2 footprint. Community Engagement can both empower vulnerable populations (so reducing inequalities) and identify the prior environmental issues to be addressed. The aim was to search for public health programs using Community Engagement tools in healthy environment building towards achievement of SDGs.

Key messages
Health professionals are involved in the overall process of transformation necessary to achieve the SDGs. Health professionals should be proactive and contribute to the transformation leading to better health for the environment, and thus for the human population.
Sustainable Development Goals and Global burden of disease stakeholders
Authors: Van Den Hazel P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease is the most comprehensive effort to date to measure epidemiological levels and trends worldwide. It is the product of a global research collaborative and quantifies the impact of hundreds of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in countries around the world. The publication published in The Lancet on September 12, 2017, namely the study, “Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016,” is the starting point to discuss the health-related SDG indicators as develop by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and Global Burden of Disease collaborators.
The projected increases in mortality are steep for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic diseases. Non-communicable diseases are increasingly recognized as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The question is whether the targets in the SDGs are sufficiently addressing these increases. Or are demographic changes underlying the projected increases?
Health related SDGs have been addressed in a tool made by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME).
Results on air pollution, smoking, unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene are presented by current and projected data in an interactive tool.
Community Engagement: Reducing inequalities acting on environmental health. A Systematic Review
Authors: Sapienza M , Riccardi M T , Nurchis M C , Pascucci D , Damiani G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sustainability is one of the most important challenges for Healthcare Systems all over the world. According to the Sustainable Development Agenda, one of the goals is to reduce inequalities, and environmental health is faced by several specific goals. Community Engagement can both empower vulnerable populations (so reducing inequalities) and identify the prior environmental issues to address. The aim was to search for public health programs using Community Engagement tools in healthy environment building.
A systematic review was conducted searching on Scopus, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases. The search string was created according to the Population-Intervention-Context-Outcome model. The Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions tool was used to assess quality. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics and a Chi-Square test was performed to compare studies in which the community carried out engagement interventions with or without the direction of public health institutions (p &lt; 0.05).
Of 182 articles, 11 were eventually included. Risk of Bias was moderate in 70% of the articles.
7 studies were conducted in rural areas, while 4 in urban contexts. Target populations were children in 20%, adults in 50% and elderly in 30% of the articles. Concerning the intervention design, 9 studies included the research of local leaderships, and in 7 there were both context study (to identify the main barriers and facilitators) and the active planning of motivational meetings by public health professionals. We found that the level of engagement reached is highly correlated with the presence of public health professionals acting as engaging coaches (p = 0.007).
Community engagement allows Public Health to carry out promotion and prevention programs by leveraging community forces. This study shows that one of the most important ingredients to make it work is the active presence of the Public Health professionals acting as community coaches.
Dissemination strategies: experience and lessons learned
Authors: Arwidson P , Verry-Jolivet C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The French national public health agency is building a portal of evidence-based and promising interventions. The aim of this project is to improve the effectiveness and the efficiency of public health interventions. The portal currently contains around 80 descriptive files. But this portal is only part of a system. Each decision maker or project manager interested in an intervention must be able to have access to qualified trainers, to manual and have assistance in quality assessment.
It is also necessary to adapt the interventions to each local context without losing the effectiveness demonstrated in the evaluation or initial research. It is essential to document all the local adaptations in a centralized information system and to compare them with a fidelity measure or a monitoring tool. David Chambers has named this type of system an Adaptome (AJPM 2016; 51: S124-S131).
Several programs, adapted from international programs (Strengthening families' program, Good behavior game, nurse family partnership), or based on French research (Tabado, ICAPS), are being deployed. The challenges and difficulties of these deployments will be discussed.
Evaluation of hazardous alcohol consumption prevalence of university students in Turkey
Authors: Çam C , Kılınç A , Ahmet A , Önsüz M F , Metintaş S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption (HAC) according to gender among university students and associated factors.

Methods
The study is a cross-sectional study conducted on undergraduate students who were studying at Eskisehir Osmangazi University in 2019. To ensure a representative sample of 26036 students from all grade levels, we used a stratified sampling technique from 11 faculties at the university and the questionnaire was applied to 2349 undergraduate students. The prevalence of HAC was determined with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). HAC was defined as getting 8 points or more from the AUDIT. Multivariate logistic regression analyzes were performed to examine HAC related factors in males and females.

Results
1250 (53.2%) of the participants were male. The age of the study group ranged between 18 and 35, and the mean (SD) was 21.04 (2.07) years. The prevalence of HAC in the study group was 13.5% (18.8% male and 8.2% female), and lifetime prevalence of alcohol use was 65.3% (74.5% male and 54.8% female). In males; those whose fathers [OR = 1.74; 95% CI: (1.18-2.55)], mothers [1.52; (1.04-2.22)], best friends [2.57; (1.35-4.88)] use alcohol and those who smoke [3.11; (2.06-4.71)], use illicit drugs [2.42; (1.68-3.47)], have depressive disorders [1.68; (1.06-2.68)] were more likely to report HAC. Meanwhile in females, those whose fathers [OR = 1.93; 95%CI: (1.03-3.62)], best friends [6.21; (1.83-21.05)] use alcohol and those who smoke [4.82; (2.53-9.17)], use illicit drugs [4.79; (2.52-9.10)] have depressive disorders [2.96; (1.63-5.39)] were more likely to report HAC.

Conclusions
HAC prevalence is high among university students. The risk of HAC increases with the use of alcohol in family and circle of friends, smoking, illegal substance usage and depressive disorders. The factors associated with the risk of HAC in males and females are similar.

Key messages
The university students are at a higher risk for HAC than the general population. Strategies should be developed to identify and prevent university students who are more likely to use hazardous alcohol and the situations that trigger this consumption model.
Mental Health Comorbidity In HIV-positive Zambian Adults Who Consume Alcohol
Authors: Kanguya T , Vinkoor M , Sharma A , van Wyk S , Paul R , Mayeya J , Murray L K , Sikazwe I , Kane J C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Alcohol abuse is common in Zambia and a growing threat to achieving the 90 90 90 treatment target to ending the HIV epidemic. Brief counselling is offered but has limited effectiveness possibly because it does not address the mental health issues that underpin drinking behavior. We assessed the frequency and nature of comorbid mental health issues in HIV-positive drinkers in Zambia.

Methods
As part of an ongoing randomized control trial (NCT03966885), we recruited HIV positive adults on ART who reported at least 1 alcoholic drink in the previous 3 months from two clinics in Lusaka, Zambia. Using audio computer assisted self-interviewers, we captured demographic information and screened for unhealthy alcohol use (AUDIT), depression (CES-D), trauma (HTQ) and other substance abuse (ASSIST). These instruments have previously been validated in Zambia. Established cut-offs were used to define unhealthy alcohol use (AU), depression (DEP), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse (SU).

Results
Among 300 individuals reporting any alcohol use, 165 agreed to screening. 155 participants were recruited, including 93 men and 62 women. Nearly all screened 146 (94.2%) had unhealthy alcohol use and 9 (5.8%) had low to moderate alcohol scores. Comorbid mental health issues were present in 72 % of unhealthy drinkers, most commonly depression 46 (31.5 %) and trauma 35 (24 %). Non-alcohol substance use (7.6 %) comorbidities where less prevalent than mental health comorbidities among those with unhealthy alcohol use.

Conclusions
Among urban Zambian adults living with HIV who reported alcohol consumption at their ART clinic, unhealthy use was the norm; moderate alcohol use was rare. Comorbid mental health issues (particularly depression and trauma) are highly prevalent among unhealthy drinkers with HIV. These data suggest that all unhealthy drinkers should be screened for mental health issues.

Key messages
Alcohol Abuse In HIV Patients Is Common In Zambia. HIV Patients Abusing Alcohol Suffer From Depression and Trauma.
Can digital technology help reduce smoke exposure and protect health in extreme air quality events?
Authors: Campbell S L , Jones P J , Wheeler A J , Lucani C , Williamson G J , Bowman D M J S , Johnston F H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In the southern hemisphere summer of 2019-2020, Australia experienced its most severe bushfire season on record. Smoke from fires affected 80% of the population, with large exceedances of the Australian National Air Quality Standard for particulate air pollution recorded in all major population centres during this period. We examined if emerging and innovative digital technology can assist extreme smoke-affected populations to reduce their exposure and protect their health.

Methods
AirRater is a free smartphone app that tracks air quality and user symptoms in near real-time. We distributed an online survey to over 13,000 app users to assess how they used this information during the 2019-20 bushfire season, and if the app was helpful in decision-making around reducing personal smoke exposure.

Results
We received responses from 1732 users (13.3%). Respondents reported that the app was highly useful, supporting informed decisions regarding daily activities during the smoke-affected period. Commonly reported activities supported by information provided through the app were staying inside (76%), rescheduling or planning outdoor activities (64%), changing locations to less affected areas (29%) and informing decisions on medication use (15%).

Conclusions
Smartphone apps enable users to reduce smoke exposure and protect their health by providing individual-level and location-specific data. Furthermore, digital technology such as AirRater provides the potential to provide insight into the community impacts of environmental hazards such as bushfire smoke.

Key messages
Smartphone apps enable users to reduce their smoke exposure and protect their health. These emerging technologies can help public health authorities to understand the community impact of environmental hazards.
Ways of exposing the sexuality of university students in digital media
Authors: Sousa M A , Lima M D O , Oliveira P A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Due to social and technological developments, experiences related to relationships between people express changes, which can be observed in social media, especially in social networks and dating and sexual apps. The use of social networks is growing among people of all age groups, which facilitates the maintenance of interpersonal contact and allows some people to get to know each other digitally, in addition to assisting in the search for information about sexuality and making it possible to meet with women. loving or sexual purpose.

Objective
to understand the means that university students express their sexuality in digital media.

Methods
This is a research with a qualitative approach, based on the Theory of Social Representations. University students from Belo Horizonte participated in the study. Data collection took place through a structured questionnaire with open and closed questions made available via the internet. The data were interpreted based on the Structural Analysis of the Narration, proposed by Demazière; Dubar.

Results
Two theoretical categories were listed. Use of digital media for sexual and amorous encounters - university students reveal the use of apps for casual encounters, where they use photos considered sensual to get a date outside the digital medium. Use of digital media as a source of information - the research subjects say they use the internet as a source of information about sexuality, as they still consider this issue difficult to approach with parents. These students also share the acquired information and personal experiences with friends.

Conclusions
In the digital environment, social relations are based on a hypervisibility of personal life on social networks, where intimate, private and especially sexual and body issues are exposed.

Key messages
Understanding how university students express their sexuality in digital media is an important step towards promoting the health of this population group. Social media can be of great value, but it can also present risks. Thus, university students are susceptible to these two factors, especially when it comes to topics such as sexuality.