bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minor change in initial PEEP setting decreases rates of ventilator-associated events in mechanically ventilated trauma patients
Authors: Ferrel Ethan , Chapple Kristina M , Calugaru Liviu Gabriel , Maxwell Jennifer , Johnson Jessica A , Mezher Andrew W , Bogert James N , Soe-Lin Hahn , Weinberg Jordan A 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundSurveillance of ventilator-associated events (VAEs) as defined by the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is performed at many US trauma centers and considered a measure of healthcare quality. The surveillance algorithm relies in part on increases in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to identify VAEs. The purpose of this cohort study was to evaluate the effect of initiating mechanically ventilated trauma patients at marginally higher PEEP on incidence of VAEs.MethodsAnalysis of level-1 trauma center patients mechanically ventilated 2+ days from 2017 to 2018 was performed after an institutional ventilation protocol increased initial PEEP setting from 5 (2017) to 6 (2018)cm H2O. Incidence of VAEs per 1000 vent days was compared between PEEP groups. Logistic regression modelling was performed to evaluate the impact of the PEEP setting change adjusted to account for age, ventilator days, injury mechanism and injury severity.Results519 patients met study criteria (274 PEEP 5 and 245 PEEP 6). Rates of VAEs were significantly reduced among patients with initial PEEP 5 versus 6 (14.61 per 1000 vent days vs. 7.13 per 1000 vent days; p=0.039). Logistic regression demonstrated that initial PEEP 6 was associated with 62% reduction in VAEs.ConclusionsOur data suggest that an incrementally increased baseline PEEP setting was associated with a significantly decreased incidence of VAEs among trauma patients. This minor change in practice may have a major impact on a trauma center’s quality metrics.Level of evidenceIV.
Mild dehydration impaired intermittent sprint performance and thermoregulation in females
Authors: Driscoll Rachel L. , McCarthy Devin G. , Palmer Matthew S. , Spriet Lawrence L. 
Published: May 2020

The effects of mild dehydration during ice hockey are well-studied in males but not females. In a randomized, crossover design, 11 female varsity hockey players drank no fluid (1.7% ± 0.3% body mass loss) or water to maintain hydration during simulated-hockey exercise. Core temperature (P < 0.01) and perceived fatigue (P = 0.02) were higher and sprint power lower (P < 0.01) when mildly dehydrated. Thus, mild dehydration may impair hockey performance and thermoregulation while increasing perceived fatigue in females. Novelty Female stop-and-go sport athletes may benefit their in-game sprint performance and thermoregulation by following personalized in-game hydration to prevent becoming mildly dehydrated.
Thermodynamic extended phase space and $$P-V$$ criticality of black holes at Pure Lovelock gravity
Authors: Estrada Milko , Aros Rodrigo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work the chemistry of asymptotically AdS black hole, for the charged and uncharged solutions of Pure Lovelock gravity, is discussed. The charged case behaves as a Van der Waals fluid and whose first order phase transitions, between small stable/large stable black holes, are analogous to the liquid/gas phase transitions as in AdS black hole for Einstein Hilbert theory. However, the thermodynamics behavior differs from the generic Lovelock theory, because there is a unique critical point, unlike the generic case where there may be more than one critiackcal point. Also, it is shown that the thermodynamics behavior of the Pure Lovelock black holes (in the extended phase space) can be represented by variables that are analytic functions of n and d, where n corresponds to the highest power of the Riemann tensor in the Lagrangian and d corresponds to the number of dimensions. This allows to obtain several results. For instance, the critical compressibility factor Z is a function of n and d that satisfies $$Z<1$$Z<1 strictly, matching the behaviour of a real gas, but the new values computed differ from the 3/8 value of a Van der Waals gas except for $$d=4$$d=4 and $$n=1$$n=1. New versions of the Smarr formula and equation of state and its behavior near the critical points are computed, which are also functions of n, d and Z. For all the cases the critical exponent are similar to those of the Van der Waals fluid. The first law of thermodynamics, in the extended space, is deduced by the variation of parameters of the Pure Lovelock solution. The entropy, volume and electric potential are consistent with the previously known results in the literature.
Relativistic reflection spectra of super-spinning black holes
Authors: Zhou Biao , Tripathi Ashutosh , Abdikamalov Askar B. , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Bambi Cosimo , Nampalliwar Sourabh , Zhou Menglei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe construct a relativistic reflection model in a non-Kerr spacetime in which, depending on the value of the deformation parameter of the metric, there are black hole solutions with spin parameter $$|a_*| > 1$$|a∗|>1. We apply our model to fit Suzaku data of four Seyfert galaxies (Ton S180, Ark 120, 1H0419–577, and Swift J0501.9–3239). These galaxies host at the center supermassive black holes that were previously interpreted as near-extremal Kerr black holes. For Ton S180 and 1H0419–577, our measurements are still consistent with the Kerr hypothesis. For Ark 120 and Swift J0501.9–3239, the Kerr solution is not recovered at 3-$$\sigma $$σ. We discuss our results and possible systematic uncertainties in the model.
Paleozoic plate kinematics during the Pannotia–Pangaea supercontinent cycle
Authors: Kroner Uwe , Stephan Tobias , Romer Rolf L. , Roscher Marco 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Three supercontinents have been suggested to have existed in the last 1 Gyr. The supercontinent status of Pangaea and Rodinia is undisputed. In contrast, there is ongoing controversy on whether Pannotia existed at all. Here, we test the hypothesis of a Pannotian supercontinent. Using first-order tectonic constraints, we reconstruct the Paleozoic kinematics of major continents relative to the East European Craton. Back-rotation from Pangaea results in a supercontinent constellation in the early Paleozoic corroborating the existence of Pannotia. The presented model explains first-order constraints for both the break-up of Pannotia and the subsequent assembly of Pangaea. The break-up of Pannotia comprises (1) the early Paleozoic opening of Iapetus II and in turn the Rheic Ocean, concomitant with the subduction of the Neoproterozoic Iapetus I Ocean and (2) the coeval opening of the Palaeo-Arctic Ocean, which separated Siberia from the North American Craton. The subsequent convergence of the North American Craton, Avalonia, Gondwana and Siberia with the East European Craton resulted in Paleozoic collisional orogenies at different plate boundary zones. The existence of Rodinia, Pannotia and Pangaea as
pari passu
supercontinents implicates two complete supercontinent cycles from Rodinia to Pannotia and from Pannotia to Pangaea in the Neoproterozoic and the Paleozoic, respectively.
Blockade of Cell Volume Regulatory Protein NKCC1 Increases TMZ-Induced Glioma Apoptosis and Reduces Astrogliosis
Authors: Luo Lanxin , Guan Xiudong , Begum Gulnaz , Ding Dawei , Gayden Jenesis , Hasan Md Nabiul , Fiesler Victoria M. , Dodelson Jacob , Kohanbash Gary , Hu Baoli , Amankulor Nduka M. , Jia Wang , Castro Maria G. , Sun Baoshan , Sun Dandan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlioma is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system accounting for approximately 40% of all intracranial tumors. Temozolomide is a conventional chemotherapy drug for adjuvant treatment of patients with high-risk gliomas, including grade II to grade IV. Our bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas datasets and immunoblotting assay show that SLC12A2 gene and its encoded Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) protein are abundantly expressed in grade II–IV gliomas. NKCC1 regulates cell volume and intracellular Cl− concentration, which promotes glioma cell migration, resistance to temozolomide, and tumor-related epilepsy in experimental glioma models. Using mouse syngeneic glioma models with intracranial transplantation of two different glioma cell lines (GL26 and SB28), we show that NKCC1 protein in glioma tumor cells as well as in tumor-associated reactive astrocytes was significantly upregulated in response to temozolomide monotherapy. Combination therapy of temozolomide with the potent NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide reduced tumor proliferation, potentiated the cytotoxic effects of temozolomide, decreased tumor-associated reactive astrogliosis, and restored astrocytic GLT-1 and GLAST glutamate transporter expression. The combinatorial therapy also led to suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival of mice bearing GL26 glioma cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NKCC1 protein plays multifaceted roles in the pathogenesis of glioma tumors and presents as a therapeutic target for reducing temozolomide-mediated resistance and tumor-associated astrogliosis.
Illustrated field keys to the bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Taiwan
Authors: Huang Joe Chun-Chia , Ho Ying-Yi , Kuo Hao-Chih 
Published: May 2020

Bats of Taiwan, comprising 38 species in total, are biogeographically unique (11 endemic species and 16 endemic subspecies), taxonomically diverse (six families), and play crucial ecosystem roles as seed dispersers or insect suppressors. Many of these bat species were, nevertheless, scientifically described from or newly recorded in Taiwan during the last 20 years, rendering limited knowledge hitherto gained regarding their fundamental ecology and population statuses. To aid ecological research and thus benefit conservation of Taiwan’s bat diversity, we constructed illustrated field keys to all 38 species.
In What Scenarios Does a Mobile Stroke Unit Predict Better Patient Outcomes?
Authors: Holodinsky Jessalyn K. , Kamal Noreen , Zerna Charlotte , Ospel Johanna M. , Zhu Luke , Wilson Alexis T. , Hill Michael D. , Goyal Mayank 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose—
The mobile stroke unit (MSU) brings imaging and thrombolysis to patients in the field. The MSU has the potential to decrease time from onset to thrombolysis; however, this depends on the location of the patient, the MSU, and the hospital. The MSU will only be able to treat a small subset of patients it is dispatched to. Using conditional probability modeling, we evaluate in which scenarios the MSU exhibits clear benefit over the direct-to-mothership method.

Methods—
Previously published conditional probability models for drip-and-ship versus mothership transport were modified to reflect MSU workflow. It was assumed that the MSU was dispatched from the endovascular therapy center. Eight scenarios were generated, varying treatment efficiency on the MSU and at the endovascular therapy center and the threshold for dispatching the MSU (low threshold: low treatment rate but few missed patients; high threshold: higher treatment rate, potential for missed treatment opportunities).

Results—
The relative difference in outcomes between the MSU and mothership was small. Geographic areas where the MSU is superior to mothership increase in size as treatment time on the MSU decreases. When a high-threshold dispatch system is used, the area where the MSU is superior decreases, but the relative difference in predicted outcomes between the MSU and mothership increases. The largest relative difference favoring the MSU was found in areas where the patient would forgo access to alteplase, based upon a 4.5-hour treatment threshold, using mothership transport.

Conclusions—
There are few scenarios where MSU transport predicts substantially superior outcomes to the mothership method when the MSU is dispatched from the endovascular therapy center. Outcomes using the MSU are maximized when dispatch criteria that maximize patients eligible for thrombolysis treatment are used and treatment times on the MSU are short relative to those of the endovascular therapy center.
Time Matters
Authors: Requena Manuel , Olivé Marta , García-Tornel Álvaro , Rodríguez-Villatoro Noelia , Deck Matías , Juega Jesús , Boned Sandra , Muchada Marian , Piñana Carlos , Coscojuela Pilar , Pagola Jorge , Rodríguez-Luna David , Hernández David , Rubiera Marta , Molina Carlos A. , Tomasello Alejandro , Ribo Marc 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose—
Direct transfer to angiography-suite (DTAS) protocol is a promising measure to improve onset to recanalization time in patients who undergo endovascular treatment. The magnitude of the improvement of good outcome rates in function of time depends of several factors. We aim to analyze the benefit of DTAS according to time from symptom onset.

Methods—
Retrospective case-control study of 174 consecutive DTAS cases matched with 175 patients initially transferred to computed tomography (directly transferred to computed tomography) from February 2016 to June 2019. To obtain comparable groups on admission, cases and controls were matched by occlusion location, age (±2 years), baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (±2 points), and time from symptoms onset to hospital arrival (±30 minutes). We analyzed the rate of good functional outcome at 3 months (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) and safety variables stratified in less or more than 3 hours from onset to arrive.

Results—

There were no significant differences regarding age, sex, or baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Median door-to-groin time was shorter in the DTAS patients (16 [3–21] minutes versus 70 [41.5–98.5];
P
<0.01). DTAS patients presented lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at 24 hours (9 [3.5–17] versus 14 [5–19];
P
=0.01) and a lower rate of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (4.6% versus 10.9%,
P
<0.03). At 90 days, DTAS patients had a higher rate of good functional outcome (43% versus 29%; odds ratio, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.14–2.87];
P
=0.01). Better outcome in DTAS was observed in patients admitted in the 0 to 3 hours form onset window (n=156, odds ratio 2.63 [95% CI, 1.31–5.28];
P
<0.01), but not in patients admitted in the 3 to 6 hours window (n=193, odds ratio, 1.37 [95% CI, 0.72–2.60];
P
=0.2).

Conclusions—
DTAS seems a feasible and safe strategy to improve functional outcome in patients who undergo endovascular treatment mainly within 3 hours from symptoms onset.
Information processing costs and stock price informativeness: Evidence from the XBRL mandate
Authors: Huang Yuyun , Shan Yuan George , Yang Joey W 
Published: May 2020

Using the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) mandate as a pseudo-natural experiment, we provide empirical evidence that reduction in information processing costs (IPC) leads to more informative stock price through two channels, the firm-specific information incorporation, and increased disclosures. We also find that younger firms with relatively shorter public disclosure history benefit more than older firms, supporting the conjecture that XBRL accelerates the information incorporation process and expedites market’s learning about younger firms faster. Our results are robust to alternative measures of price informativeness, individual batch tests, placebo tests, and potential bias from financial industry. JEL Classification: G14, M41, M48
Urologic surgery and invasive procedures during coronavirus pandemic: Retrospective comparison of risk infection in a referral Covid hospital and in a free-Covid hospital
Authors: Antonio Maria Granata , Vasileios Petrainas , Giacomo Piero Incarbone , Ai Ling Loredana Romanò , Marco Rosso , Giulia Garelli , Stefania Ranzoni , Federica Marchesotti , Gregori Andrea 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: On 21 February 2020, ‘Luigi Sacco’ Hospital was identified as a Covid-19 referral Hospital in Lombardy. The Department of Urology of our Healthcare Institution consists of two Urology Units, one at ‘L.Sacco’ Hospital (hereinafter referred to as Covid-19 hospital) and one at ‘Fatebenefratelli’ Hospital (hereinafter referred to as Covid-19-free hospital). The Healthcare System’s Administration communicated to all personnel the implementation of a planned ‘biological risk protocol’ at the Covid-19 hospital, while the Covid-19-free hospital followed regular government recommendations. We evaluated the risk of Sars-Cov-2 infection in the patients treated for surgical or invasive urologic procedures during the epidemic in the two different hospitals. Materials and methods: At the Covid-19 hospital, 12 patients underwent surgery and 51 patients invasive diagnostic procedures between 22 February and 8 March 2020; in the same period, at the Covid-19-free hospital, 21 patients underwent surgery and 56 patients invasive diagnostic procedures. We compared the incidence of Sars-Cov-2 infection among the patients who were accessed in the two Urology Units in the period of different restrictive measures after the outbreak of the epidemic. Results: We registered no cases of Sars-Cov-2 infection in the patients hospitalized in that period in Covid-19 hospital, despite three cases of swab positivity in the Covid-19-free hospital. Conclusion: The early implementation of extraordinary measures to restrict the spread of the virus offers a good protection also in a Covid-19 referral Hospital. The adoption of safety measures may be considered even after the end of the pandemic in all the health systems.
Hydrogen Sulfide Therapy Suppresses Cofilin-2 and Attenuates Ischemic Heart Failure in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nguyen Khoa , Chau Vinh Q. , Mauro Adolfo G. , Durrant David , Toldo Stefano , Abbate Antonio , Das Anindita , Salloum Fadi N. 
Published: May 2020

Aims: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against ischemic and inflammatory injury following myocardial ischemia via induction of microRNA (miR)-21. We sought to determine whether H2S attenuates ischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and interrogate the role of cofilin-2, a target of miR-21, in this protective process. Methods and Results: Adult male mice underwent myocardial infarction (MI) by coronary artery ligation after baseline echocardiography. Following MI, mice were treated with Na2S (100 μg/kg/day; intraperitoneal [IP]) or saline up to 28 days. End-diastolic pressure, measured by Millar catheter, was significantly increased ( P < .05 vs sham) at 3 days post-MI in the saline group, which was attenuated with Na2S. Left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening decreased significantly at 28 days post-MI in the saline group but was preserved with Na2S and LV infarct scar size was smaller in Na2S group as compared to control. Apoptotic signaling, measured by Bcl-2/Bax ratio, was significantly increased in the saline group but was mitigated with Na2S. Survival rate was 2-fold higher in Na2S group compared to saline control ( P < .05). Proteomic analysis and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (TOF)/TOF tandem mass spectrometry identified significant changes in proapoptotic cofilin-2 expression, a specific target of miR-21, between saline- and sodium sulfide -treated mice at 28 days post-MI. Western blot analysis confirmed a significant increase in cofilin-2 after MI, which was suppressed with Na2S treatment. Chronic Na2S treatment also attenuated inflammasome formation and activation leading to reduction of maladaptive signaling. Conclusion: Na2S treatment after MI preserves LV function and improves survival through attenuation of inflammasome-mediated adverse remodeling. We propose H2S donors as promising therapeutic tools for ischemic HFrEF.
Lack of association between clinical and ultrasound measures of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis remission
Authors: Baker Kenneth F. , Thompson Ben , Lendrem Dennis W. , Scadeng Adam , Pratt Arthur G. , Isaacs John D. 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of ultrasound (US) abnormalities and association with clinical parameters in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinical remission. Methods: Patients with established RA in clinical remission (DAS28-CRP < 2.4) taking conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs were recruited as part of the Biomarkers of Remission in Rheumatoid Arthritis (BioRRA) Study. In addition, patients from the Newcastle Early Arthritis Clinic (NEAC) with early active RA (DAS28-CRP > 2.4) or seronegative non-inflammatory arthralgia (NIA) were studied as positive and negative controls, respectively. The association between individual dependent variables (synovial power Doppler and greyscale, tenosynovial greyscale, and erosions) and clinical parameters was assessed by multivariate ordinal logistic regression, with adjustment for multiple testing. Results: A total of 294 patients were included: 66 RA in remission, 146 active RA, and 82 NIA. Within the active RA group, significant associations were observed between swollen joint count and higher total synovial greyscale score (OR 1.17 95% CI 1.08–1.26, p < 0.001) and higher total synovial power Doppler score (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12–1.30, p < 0.001). No significant associations were observed for the NIA group. In the RA remission group, US abnormalities were frequently observed and comparable for both DAS28-CRP and 2011 ACR/EULAR Boolean remission, with no significant association with clinical parameters identified. Conclusion: We observed widespread subclinical US findings in RA patients in clinical remission, even when remission is defined using the stringent ACR/EULAR Boolean criteria. In contrast to active disease, synovial power Doppler failed to show significant association with any of the clinical parameters in RA remission. Our results suggest that clinical and US examinations are non-overlapping in evaluating RA remission, challenging the proposition of US-driven management strategies in this setting.
Phase 1 study of CWP232291 in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Lee Je-Hwan , Faderl Stefan , Pagel John M. , Jung Chul Won , Yoon Sung-Soo , Pardanani Animesh D. , Becker Pamela S. , Lee Howard , Choi Jeongeun , Lee Kyoungjune , Kim Minkyoung , Cortes Jorge E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCWP232291 (CWP291) is a small-molecule inhibitor of Wnt signaling that causes degradation of β-catenin via apoptosis induction through endoplasmic reticulum stress activation. This first-in-human, open-label, dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and preliminary efficacy of CWP291 enrolled 69 patients with hematologic malignancies (acute myeloid leukemia [AML], n = 64; myelodysplastic syndrome, n = 5) in 15 dose-escalation cohorts of 4 to 334 mg/m2 using a modified 3+3 design and 1 dose-expansion cohort. CWP291 was administered IV daily for 7 days every 21 days. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were nausea (n = 44, 64%), vomiting (n = 32, 46%), diarrhea (n = 25, 36%), and infusion-related reactions (n = 20, 29%). Grade ≥3 TEAEs in &gt;3 patients (5%) were pneumonia (n = 8, 12%); hypophosphatemia (n = 6, 8%); leukocytosis, nausea, cellulitis, sepsis, and hypokalemia (n = 5 each, 7% each); and hypertension (n = 4, 6%). Dose-limiting toxicities included nausea (n = 3) and abdominal pain, anaphylactic reaction, myalgia, and rash (n = 1, each); the MTD was defined at 257 mg/m2. CWP232204, the active metabolite of CWP291, showed pharmacokinetic linearity on both days 1 and 7, and a terminal half-life of ∼12 hours. Among 54 response-evaluable AML patients, there was one complete response at a dose of 153 mg/m2 and one partial response at 198 mg/m2; bone marrow blast percentage reduced from a median of 58.3% to 3.5% and 15.0% to 4.2%, respectively. Future studies will explore CWP291, with a mechanism of action aimed at eradication of earlier progenitors via Wnt pathway blockade, as combination therapy. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01398462.