bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Correlations of Olefin and Methane Mixtures to be Applied to Synthetic Drilling Fluid During Well Control Operations
Authors: Marques Daniela C. , Ribeiro Paulo R. , Santos Otto L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Lost circulation is one of the major concerns when drilling a well because it affects downhole well integrity, leads to monetary losses and is detrimental to the reservoir. In drilling operations, it generally occurs when the drilling fluid density exceed the formation fracture pressure. Another concern during drilling is the gas-formation influx to the wellbore, which occurs when the hydrostatic pressure becomes lower than the formation pore pressure. Therefore, the knowledge of drilling fluid density is a key factor to the operational safety and efficiency.
In view of it, a number of experiments were performed at isothermal conditions in a PVT (pressure/volume/ temperature) system with full sample visibility to study the influence of pressure, temperature and mixture composition on fluid thermodynamic properties.
Based on experimental data, mathematical correlations for density, solubility ratio and formation volume factor (FVF) for methane and linear olefin mixtures have been developed and presented in this article. In addition, an empiric correlation was presented for pure linear olefin density and was compared with results published in literature.
These analytical correlations are fundamental to well control simulations. They make possible the estimation of the pit gain (increase of drilling fluid volume on the surface after a kick has been taken) and are used in computational methodology of kick simulators as constitutive equations to improve the reliability of their predictions and consequently increasing the operational safety and efficiency.
The equations for the density, solubility ratio and oil-FVF shown in this paper are in excellent agreement with the experimental data showing a maximum absolute deviation of 3.2%. However, as the experimental data ranged from 25°C (77°F) to 80°C (176°F) and pressures up to 103 MPa (14940 psi), extrapolation of the equation may lead to larger errors.
The paper also presents a well control case study showing the practical application of these correlations.
Risk literacy assessment of general practitioners and medical students using the Berlin Numeracy Test
Authors: Friederichs Hendrik , Birkenstein Roman , Becker Jan C. , Marschall Bernhard , Weissenstein Anne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The responsibility for helping patients understand potential health benefits and risks, especially regarding screening tests, falls largely to general practitioners (GPs). The Berlin Numeracy Test (BNT) specifically measures risk literacy (i.e., the ability to understand different aspects of statistical numeracy associated with accurate interpretation of information about risks). This study explored the association between risk literacy levels and clinical experience in GPs vs. medical students. Additionally, the effect of GP risk literacy on evaluation of the predictive value of screening tests was examined.Methods: The participants were 84 GPs and 92 third-year medical students who completed the BNT (total score range 0–4 points). The GPs received an additional case scenario on mammography screening as a simple measure of performance in applying numeracy skills.Results: Despite having an average of 25.9 years of clinical experience, GPs scored no better than medical students on risk literacy (GPs: 2.33 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08–2.59; students: 2.34, 95% CI 2.07–2.61; P = .983). Of all GPs, 71.6% (n = 58) greatly overestimated the real predictive value.Conclusions: In this study, we found no difference in risk literacy between current students and current GPs. GPs lack risk literacy and consequently do not fully understand numeric estimates of probability in routine screening procedures.
Short-term Outcomes of Robotic- versus Laparoscopic-Assisted Total Gastrectomy for Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Yang Changdong , Shi Yan , Xie Shaohui , Chen Jun , Zhao Yongliang , Qian Feng , Hao Yingxue , Tang Bo , Yu Pei-Wu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Few studies have been designed to evaluate the short-term outcomes between robotic-assisted total gastrectomy (RATG) and laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term outcomes of RATG compared with LATG for AGC. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 126 and 257 patients who underwent RATG or LATG, respectively. In addition, we performed propensity score matching (PSM) analysis between RATG and LATG for clinicopathological characteristics to reduce bias and compared short-term surgical outcomes. Results: After PSM, the RATG group had a longer mean operation time (291.14±59.18 vs. 270.34±52.22 min, p=0.003), less intraoperative bleeding (154.37±89.68 vs. 183.77±95.39 ml, p=0.004) and more N2 tier RLNs (9.07±5.34 vs. 7.56±4.50, p=0.016) than the LATG group. Additionally, the total RLNs of the RATG group were almost significantly different compared to that of the LATG group (34.90±13.05 vs. 31.91±12.46, p=0.065).Moreover, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the length of incision, proximal resection margin, distal resection margin, residual disease and postoperative hospital stay. There was no significant difference in the overall complication rate between the RATG and LATG groups after PSM (23.8% vs. 28.6%, p=0.390). Grade II complications accounted for most of the complications in the two cohorts after PSM. The conversion rates were 4.55% and 8.54% in the RATG and LATG groups, respectively, with no significant difference (p=0.145), and the ratio of splenectomy were 1.59% and 0.39% (p=0.253). The mortality rates were 0.8% and 0.4% for the RATG and LATG groups, respectively (p=1.000).Conclusion: This study demonstrates that RATG is comparable to LATG in terms of short-term surgical outcomes.
Recognition of stroke among community residents and the improvement after intensive health education: A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Zhong Xuemin , Wang Jian , He Lanying , Xu Ronghua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The high morbidity, mortality, and disability rates associated with stroke cause heavy burden to the society. The level of understanding regarding stroke warning symptoms and first aid systems among community residents is generally low. This study aimed to investigate stroke-related knowledge in community residents of Jinjiang district of Chengdu and to raise public awareness regarding stroke through an intensive educational program.Methods: Nine communities in Jinjiang district were sampled, and a questionnaire about stroke-related knowledge was applied before and after stroke educational activities. We analyzed the impact of such activities on stroke recognition and management.Results: We collected 1685 valid questionnaires. The awareness about stroke risk before educational activities was 11.4%. The recognition of stroke warning signs among the community residents was 29.8-59.5%. Among these community residents, the recognition rate of major signs, such as limb weakness, language disorder, and imbalance was more than 50%. When faced with five stroke warning signs, the proportion of participants who chose to make an emergency call was 41.5%. Less than 10% of the participants chose to consult a doctor, take medicine, or wait. After strengthening the publicity and educational activities regarding stroke, there was a significant improvement in the identification of stroke risk factors and warning signs, and stroke management. The percentage of participants who chose to make an emergency call increased from 53.2% to 82.7% (p<0.001).Conclusions: The knowledge about stroke among community residents in Jinjiang District of Chengdu was low. Strengthening publicity and educational activities may raise awareness about prioritizing emergency calls after the onset of stroke signs.
Registered Nurses´ Views on Telephone Nursing for Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Healthcare – A qualitative interview Study
Authors: Kaminsky Elenor , Aurin Ingrid Edvardsson , Hedin Katarina , Andersson Lisbet , Andre Malin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Telephone nursing in primary healthcare has been suggested as a solution to the increased demand for easy access to healthcare, increased number of patients with complex problems, and lack of general practitioners. Registered nurses’ assessments may also be of great importance for antibiotic prescriptions according to guidelines. The aim of this study was to describe registered nurses’ views of telephone nursing work with callers contacting primary healthcare centres regarding respiratory tract infections.Methods: A descriptive, qualitative study was performed through interviews with twelve registered nurses in Swedish primary healthcare. Results: The overarching themes for registered nurses’ views on telephone nursing were captured in two themes: professional challenges and professional support. These included three and two categories respectively: Communicate for optimal patient information; Differentiate harmless from severe problems; Cope with caller expectations; Use working tools; and Use team collaboration. Optimal communication for sufficiently grasping caller symptoms and assess whether harmful or not, without visual input, was underlined. This generated fear of missing something serious. Professional support used in work, were for example guidelines and decision support tool. Colleagues and teamwork collaboration were requested, but not always offered, support for the interviewed registered nurses.Conclusions: The study deepens the understanding of telephone nursing as an important factor for decreasing respiratory tract infection consultations with general practitioners, thus contributing to decreased antibiotic usage in Sweden. To cope with the challenges of telephone nursing in primary healthcare centres, it seems important to systematically introduce the use of the available decision support tool, and set aside time for inter- and intraprofessional discussions and feedback. The collegial support and team collaboration asked for is likely to get synergy effects such as better work environment and job satisfaction for both registered nurses and general practitioners. Future studies are needed to explore telephone nursing in primary healthcare centres in a broader sense to better understand the function and the effects in the complexity of primary healthcare.
Long-term sickness absence among young and middle-aged workers in Norway: The impact of a population-level intervention
Authors: Hanvold Therese Nordberg , Kristensen Petter , Corbett Karina , Hasting Rachel Louise , Mehlum Ingrid Sivesind 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The study objective was to evaluate the impact of a population-level intervention (the IA Agreement) on the one-year risk for long-term sickness absence spells (LSAS) among young and middle aged workers in Norway. Methods Using an observational design, we conducted a quasi-experimental study to analyse registry data on individual LSAS for all employed individuals in 2000 (n=298 690) and 2005 (n=352 618), born in Norway between 1976 and 1967. The intervention of interest was the tripartite agreement for a more inclusive working life (the IA Agreement). We estimated difference in pre-post differences (DID) in LSAS between individuals working in IA companies with the intervention and companies without, in 2000 and 2005. We used logistic regression models and present odds ratios (DID OR) with accompanying 95% CI. We stratified analyses by sex, industry and company size. Results . We found no significant change in the overall risk of long-term sickness absence spells after implementing the intervention among young and middle aged workers. Stratified by sex, the intervention resulted in a slight decrease in LSAS risk among female workers (DID OR 0.93 (0.91-0.96)) while the intervention showed no impact among male workers (DID OR 1.01 (0.97-1.06)). We found that companies signing the IA Agreement were large (≥50­ employees) and often within the manufacturing and health and social sectors. In large manufacturing companies, we found a reduction in LSAS, among workers both in companies with and without the intervention, resulting in no statistically significant impact of the IA intervention. In large health and social companies, we found an increase in LSAS among workers both in companies with and without the intervention. The increase was smaller among the workers in companies offering the IA intervention compared with workers in companies without, resulting in a positive impact of the IA intervention in the health and social industry. This impact was statistically significant only among female workers. Conclusions The results indicate that the impact of the IA Agreement on the risk of long-term sickness absence spells varies considerably depending on sex and industry. These findings suggest that reducing LSAS may warrant industry-specific interventions.
“They have been neglected for a long time”: a qualitative study on the role and recognition of Rural Health Motivators in the Shiselweni region, Eswatini
Authors: Walker Caroline , Burtscher Doris , Myeni John , Kerschberger Bernhard , Schausberger Bernadette , Rusch Barbara , Dlamini Nosipho , Whitehouse Katherine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Community health workers (CHWs) are increasingly engaged to address human resource shortages and fill primary healthcare gaps. In Eswatini, a cadre of CHWs called Rural Health Motivators (RHM) was introduced in 1976 to respond to key public health challenges. However, the emergence of health needs, particularly HIV/TB, has been met with inadequate programme amendments; and the role of RHMs has become marginalised following the addition of other CHWs supported by non-governmental organisations. This study was implemented to understand the role of RHMs in decentralised HIV/TB activities. In this paper, we explore the findings in relation to the recognition of RHMs and the programme. Methods:This exploratory qualitative study utilised individual in-depth interviews, group and focus group discussions, participatory methods (utilising a game format) and observations. Participants were purposively selected and comprised RHM programme implementers, community stakeholders, and local and non-governmental personnel. Data collection took place between August and September 2019. Interviews were conducted in English or siSwati and transcribed. SiSwati interviews were translated directly into English. All interviews were audio recorded, manually coded and thematically analysed. Data was validated through methodical triangulation. Results: Suboptimal organisational structure and support, primarily insufficient training and supervision for activities were factors identified through interviews and observation activities. Significant confusion of the RHM role was observed, with community expectations beyond formally endorsed tasks. Community participants expressed dissatisfaction with receiving health information only, preferring physical assistance in the form of goods. Additionally, gender emerged as a significant influencing factor on the acceptability of health messages and the engagement of RHMs with community members. Expectations and structurally limiting factors shape the extent to which RHMs are recognised as integral to the health system, at all social and organisational levels. Conclusions: Findings highlight the lack of recognition of RHMs and the programme at both community and national level. This, along with historical neglect, has hindered the capacity of RHMs to successfully contribute to positive health outcomes for rural communities. Renewed attention and support mechanisms for this cadre are needed. Clarification of the RHM role in line with current health challenges and clearer role parameters is essential.
Incidence, risk factors and consequences of preterm birth – findings from a multi-centric observational study for 14 months in Nepal
Authors: Gurung Abhishek , Wrammert Johan , Sunny Avinash K , Gurung Rejina , Rana Netra , Basaula Yuba Nidhi , Paudel Prajwal , Pokhrel Amrit , Kc Ashish 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Preterm birth is a worldwide epidemic and a leading cause of neonatal mortality. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and consequences of preterm birth in Nepal.Methods: This was an observational study conducted in 12 public hospitals of Nepal. All the babies born during the study period were included in the study. Babies born <37 weeks of gestation were classified as preterm births. For the association and outcomes for preterm birth, univariate followed by multiple regression analysis was conducted. Results: The incidence of preterm was found to be 93 per 1000 live births. Mothers aged less than 20 years (aOR 1.26 ;1.15-1.39) had a high risk for preterm birth. Similarly, education of the mother was a significant predictor for preterm birth: illiterate mothers (aOR 1.41; 1.22-1.64), literate mothers (aOR 1.21; 1.08-1.35) and mothers having basic level of education (aOR 1.17; 1.07-1.27). Socio-demographic factors such as smoking (aOR 1.13; 1.01-1.26), use of polluted fuel (aOR 1.26; 1.17-1.35) and sex of baby (aOR 1.18; 1.11-1.26); obstetric factors such as nulliparity (aOR 1.33; 1.20-1.48), multiple delivery (aOR 6.63; 5.16-8.52), severe anemia during pregnancy (aOR 3.27; 2.21-4.84), antenatal visit during second trimester (aOR 1.13; 1.05-1.22) and third trimester (aOR 1.24; 1.12-1.38), <4 antenatal visits during pregnancy (aOR 1.49; 1.38-1.61) were found to be significant risk factors of preterm birth. Preterm has a risk for pre-discharge mortality (10.60; 9.28-12.10). Conclusion: In this study, we found high incidence of preterm birth. Various socio-demographic, obstetric and neonatal risk factors were associated with preterm birth. Risk factor modifications and timely interventions will help in the reduction of preterm births and associated mortalities. Trial registration: ISRCTN30829654
Efficacy of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the Management of Malignant Ascites
Authors: Jiao Jie , Li Chengzhen , Yu Guanying , Zhang Lei , Shi Xiaoyan , Yan Jingdu , Zhang Houjun , Guo Peiming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the difference of clinical efficacy between conventional intraperitoneal chemotherapy and HIPEC, so as to explore the clinical application value and advantages of HIPEC.Design: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 80 patients with malignant ascites admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to June 2019. The general clinical data and qualitative data of the treatment results of 80 patients with malignant ascites were processed by SPSS19.0 using χ2 test and quantitative data were processed by t test. P <0.05, statistical data can be considered statistically significant.Results: 1. There was no significant change in vital signs and temperature in the observation group during the treatment, and the difference was not statistically significant 2. The short-term total effective rate of patients in the observation group was 91.11%, and the short-term total effective rate of the patients in the control group was 40%.3. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups of patients.Conclusion: Intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy combined with intravenous chemotherapy can significantly control malignant ascites, and has small adverse reactions, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Integrins Alpha-2 and Beta-1 expression increases through Multiple Generations of the EDW01 Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Breast Cancer – Markers but not Drivers of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Wafai Razan , Williams Elizabeth D. , de Souza Emma , Simpson Peter T. , Reed Amy E. McCart , Kutasovic Jamie R. , Waltham Mark , Snell Cameron E. , Blick Tony , Thompson Erik W. , Hugo Honor 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancers acquire aggressive capabilities via epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which various integrins/integrin linked kinase signalling are upregulated. Methods: We investigated this in two patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) developed from breast-to-bone metastases, and it’s functional significance in a breast cancer cell line system. ED03 and EDW01 PDXs were grown subcutaneously in immunocompromised SCID mice through 11 passages and 7 passages, respectively. Tumour tissue was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, E-cadherin, vimentin, Twist1, beta-catenin, P120-RasGAP, CD44, CD24 and Ki67, and RT-qPCR of EMT-related factors (CDH1, VIM, CD44, CD24), integrins beta-1 (ITGB1), alpha-2 (ITGA2) and ILK. Integrin and ILK expression in epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced EMT of the PMC42-ET breast cancer cell line was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, as were the effects of their transient knockdown via small interfering RNA +/- EGF. Cell migration, changes in cell morphology and adhesion of siRNA-transfected PMC42-ET cells to various extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates was assessed.Results: The ED03 (ER+/PR-/HER2-/lobular) and EDW01 (ER+/PR-/HER2-/ductal) PDXs were both classified as molecular subtype luminal A. ED03 xenografts exhibited mutated E-cadherin with minimal expression, but remained vimentin-negative across all passages. In EDW01, the hypoxic indicator gene CAIX and Twist1 were co-ordinately upregulated at passage 4-5, corresponding with a decrease in E-cadherin. At passages 6-7, vimentin was upregulated along with ITGB1 and ITGA2, consistent with an increasing EMT. The ED03 PDX displayed minimal change over passages in mice, for all genes examined. ILK, ITGB1 and ITGA2 were also increased in the EGF-induced EMT of PMC42-ET cells (in which E-cadherin was downregulated) although siRNA against these targets revealed that this induction was not necessary for the observed EMT. However, their knockdown significantly reduced EMT-associated adhesion and Transwell migration.Conclusion: Our data suggest that despite an increase in integrins alpha-2 and beta-1 gene expression in the EMT exhibited by EDW01 PDX over multiple generations, this pathway may not necessarily drive the EMT process.