bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and benefits of applying fish behaviour to improve production and welfare in industrial aquaculture
Authors: Macaulay Georgia , Bui Samantha , Oppedal Frode , Dempster Tim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn understanding of behaviour is used in zoos, laboratories and agriculture to reduce stressful aspects of the captive environment for animals. While fish are one of the most cultivated of all vertebrate groups, incorporating their behaviour into production management has proved elusive. Here, we evaluate the current evidence base relating to use of (i) innate behaviours of fish and (ii) their ability to learn new behaviours via human‐mediated training or through social learning, in fish farms. Studies that tested habituation and conditioning (training) as a tool to improve welfare demonstrate positive effects for improving fish welfare and coping capacity. However, methods solely reliant on innate behavioural responses to stimuli will always be imperfect, due to variation in individual responses which are often context dependent. To date, there has been no successful demonstration of social learning as a tool for aquaculture. While many experimental scale studies report promising results, few have translated to commercial scale, highlighting a mismatch between theoretical and practical use and cautions against extrapolation of results from small‐scale studies to commercial situations. While some promising evidence exists that fish behaviour can be integrated into farm management, logistical and scale‐related hurdles must be overcome before this can occur. We conclude that fish behaviour is an additional and currently under‐researched resource that could be integrated into farm practices to improve production and welfare in industrial aquaculture.
Ultrasonographic cervical evaluation: A tool to select ewes for non‐surgical embryo recovery
Authors: Figueira Lucas Machado , Alves Nadja Gomes , Souza‐Fabjan Joanna Maria Gonçalves , Vergani Gabriel Brun , Oliveira Maria Emilia Franco , de Lima Renato Ribeiro , Fonseca Jeferson Ferreira 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study assessed the cervical ultrasonography mapping as a tool to select donor ewes for non‐surgical embryo recovery (NSER). Lacaune ewes had their cervix evaluated by ultrasonography 12 hr after induced oestrus onset (Trial 1, n = 24) or 30 min before NSER (Trial 2, n = 17). Cervical rings were longitudinally evaluated and classified by their degree of misalignment on ultrasonography (DMUS) into: DMUS‐1—cervix rectilinear, DMUS‐2—intermediate and DMUS‐3—highly asymmetrical. For predicting cervical transposing, only DMUS‐1 and DMUS‐2 were considered suitable. Similar ranking was attributed to degree of misalignment on the cervical map (DMCM 1–3), established immediately before NSER, which was performed at days 6 to 7 after oestrus. In Trial 1, cervical retraction for NSER was not possible only in three ewes classified as DMUS‐3 (3/14, 21.4%). No difference (p > .05) was observed in the cervical transposing rates between ewes with different DMUS (ranged from 80% to 100%). In Trial 2, DMUS‐1 and DMUS‐2 reached 100% of transposing, and the only DMUS‐3 ewe has not been transposed. In Trial 1, the prediction performance for successful cervical transposing showed low sensitivity (45%) and no specificity due to a high incidence of false negatives (52%). However, in Trial 2, sensitivity and specificity were both 100%. The DMCM and DMUS were uncorrelated, probably due to cervical stretching required to perform NSER. In conclusion, cervical ultrasound assessment immediately before NSER was more efficient to predict the cervical transposing than at induced oestrus, allowing the classification and selection of ewes eligible for NSER.
Time‐Inseparable Labor Productivity and the Workweek*
Authors: Eden Maya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA centuries‐old tradition, the week constitutes a coordination device that allows for temporal agglomeration in both production and leisure. But does it induce coordination on the optimal workweek? Central to this question is the nature of time‐inseparability in labor productivity. Productivity is increasing in restfulness, which diminishes with work time, and in skill, which improves with work time. I show that, because skill accumulates and depreciates slowly, there are productivity gains from coordinating on a workweek with fewer but more frequent vacation days.
Rifabutin for treating tuberculosis in solid organ transplant recipients: A retrospective observational study and literature review
Authors: Gomila‐Grange A. , Pérez‐Recio S. , Camprubí‐Ferrer D. , Lladó L. , Fava A. , García‐Romero E. , Grijota‐Camino M. D. , Sabé N. , Santin M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients is challenging owing to interactions between rifampin and immunosuppressive drugs. Rifabutin, a rifamycin with excellent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and that induces cytochrome p450 less, may facilitate treatment. We report our experience with rifabutin for treating TB in SOT recipients and review the available literature.MethodsA retrospective observational study of all SOT recipients with TB between January 2000 and December 2019. The clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients treated with and without rifabutin‐containing regimens were compared and a literature review was conducted.ResultsWe included 31 SOT recipients with TB, among whom 22 (71%) were men and the median age was 62 years (interquartile range 50‐20). There were no significant differences between patients treated with rifabutin (n = 12), rifampin (n = 14), and non‐rifamycins (n = 5) in clinical cure rates (83.3%, 64.3%, and 100%, respectively; P = .21), side effects (25%, 37.5%, and 20%, respectively; P = .74), or mortality (16.7%, 35.7%, and 0%, respectively; P = .21). Only one patient, treated with rifampin, suffered graft rejection. The literature review identified 59 SOT recipients with TB treated with rifabutin‐containing regimens from 8 publications. Overall, the clinical cure, graft rejection, and mortality rates were 93.2%, 5.1%, and 6.8%, respectively.ConclusionsRifabutin‐containing regimens offer a reliable alternative to rifampin when treating TB in SOT recipients.
Availability, price and affordability of essential medicines for managing cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a statewide survey in Kerala, India
Authors: Satheesh Gautam , Sharma Abhishek , Puthean Sandra , Ansil T.P. Muhammed , E. Jereena , Raj Mishra Shiva , Unnikrishnan M. K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveLimited access to essential medicines (EMs) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes is a major concern in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We aimed to generate data on availability, price and affordability of EMs for CVD and diabetes in India.MethodsUsing WHO/HAI survey methodology, we evaluated availability and prices of 23 EMs in 30 public sector facilities (government hospitals and semi‐public/government‐subsidised‐discount‐pharmacies (GSDPs)) and 60 private retail pharmacies across six districts in Kerala state, India (November 2018 ‐ May 2019). Median Price Ratios (MPRs) were calculated by comparing consumer prices with international reference prices. We also analysed data (collected in July 2020) on six anti‐hypertensive fixed‐dose‐combinations (FDCs) that were designated as ‘essential’ by the WHO in 2019.ResultsMean availability of surveyed generic EMs was 45.7% in government hospitals, 64.7% in GSDPs and 72.0% in private retail pharmacies. On average, the most‐sold and highest‐priced generics, respectively, were 6.6% and 8.9% costlier than the lowest‐priced generics (LPG). Median MPR for LPG was 2.71 in private retail and 2.25 in GSDPs. Monthly supply of LPG would cost the lowest‐paid worker 1.11 and 0.79 days’ wages in private retail and GSDPs, respectively. Mean availability of the surveyed FDCs was poor (private retail: 15–85%; GSDPs: 8.3–66.7%), and the private retail prices of FDCs were comparable to the sum of corresponding constituent monotherapies.ConclusionAvailability of CVD and diabetes EMs fall short of WHO’s 80% target in both sectors. Although availability in the private retail pharmacies was near‐optimal, prices appear unaffordable compared to GSDPs. Initiatives such as mandating generic prescribing, adding the WHO‐approved FDCs in local EM lists, improving price transparency, and streamlining medicine supply to ensure equitable access to EMs, especially in the public sector, are crucial in tackling Kerala’s ever‐increasing CVD burden.
Effect of platelet storage duration on clinical outcomes and incremental platelet change in critically ill children
Authors: Nellis Marianne E. , Spinella Philip C. , Tucci Marisa , Stanworth Simon J. , Steiner Marie E. , Cushing Melissa M. , Davis Peter J. , Karam Oliver ,   The Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) network, Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the P3T Investigators
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe safety of platelet (PLT) concentrates with longer storage duration has been questioned due to biochemical and functional changes that occur during blood collection and storage. Some studies have suggested that transfusion efficacy is decreased and immune system dysfunction is worsened with increased storage age. We sought to describe the effect of PLT storage age on laboratory and clinical outcomes in critically ill children receiving PLT transfusions.Study Design and MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of a prospective, observational point‐prevalence study. Children (3 days to 16 years of age) from 82 pediatric intensive care units in 16 countries were enrolled if they received a PLT transfusion during one of the predefined screening weeks. Outcomes (including PLT count increments, organ dysfunction, and transfusion reactions) were evaluated by PLT storage age.ResultsData from 497 patients were analyzed. The age of the PLT transfusions ranged from 1 to 7 days but the majority were 4 (24%) or 5 (36%) days of age. Nearly two‐thirds of PLT concentrates were transfused to prevent bleeding. The indication for transfusion did not differ between storage age groups (P = .610). After patient and product variables were adjusted for, there was no association between storage age and incremental change in total PLT count or organ dysfunction scoring. A significant association between fresher storage age and febrile transfusion reactions (P = .002) was observed.ConclusionThe results in a large, diverse cohort of critically ill children raise questions about the impact of storage age on transfusion and clinical outcomes which require further prospective evaluation.
Evaluation of the effects of hydroxyethyl starch (130/0.4) administration as a constant rate infusion on plasma colloid osmotic pressure in hypoabluminemic dogs
Authors: Borrelli Antonio , Maurella Cristiana , Lippi Ilaria , Ingravalle Francesco , Botto Angelica , Tarducci Alberto , Bruno Barbara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of 2 constant rate infusions of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 on plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in hypoalbuminemic dogs.DesignProspective, randomized clinical trial.AnimalsA total of 24 client‐owned dogs.InterventionsHypoalbuminemic euvolemic dogs (albumin < 20 g/L [<2 g/dL]) with normal perfusion parameters requiring IV fluid therapy were enrolled. In addition to crystalloid, HES 130/0.4 was administered as a constant rate infusion over 24 hours at 1 mL/kg/h (group 1, n = 15) or at 2 mL/kg/h (group 2, n = 9), in order to support plasma COP. Before infusion, a blood sample was collected to perform CBC, serum electrophoresis, and serologic tests for some infective diseases. Plasma COP, albumin concentration, PCV, and total plasma protein concentration were evaluated serially at baseline (T0) and then at 6, 12, and 24 hours after the start of infusion, and a multilevel model was performed for these parameters to detect statistically significant differences between the 2 groups.Measurement and Main ResultsTwenty‐four dogs were included. No statistically significant differences in COP were found between the 2 groups; however, a high level of variability has been identified within the single individual. Among the other laboratory analyses, PCV was significantly decreased in group 1 at T12 and T24 compared with T0 (P < 0.001) and total plasma protein concentration was significantly increased in group 2 at T12 and T24 compared with T0 (P < 0.008).ConclusionNo significant effect on plasma COP was found following infusion with HES 130/0.4 at doses of 1 mL/kg/h and 2 mL/kg/h for 24 hours to hypoalbuminemic dogs. The administered concomitant dose of crystalloids, underlying disease, and small sample size were all potential confounding factors.
DETERMINATION OF DEFLECTION BASIN USING PAVEMENT MODELLING COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: P. Rosyidi Sri Atmaja , Hamim Asmah , Mohd Taib Aizat , Jamaludin Nor Azliana Akmal , Ahmed Memon Zubair , Md. Yusoff Nur Izzi , Hainin Mohd Rosli 
Published: September 2020

Several methods can be used to model pavement structures, namely multi-layered elastic theory (MET), finite element method (FEM), or finite difference method (FDM). In this study, three computer programs, KENLAYER and EVERSTRESS 5.0 which are based on MET, and ANSYS, representing the FEM, are used in Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test on a pavement structure to determine deflection basin. The deflection basin was developed by using the results of vertical deflection from each sensor of an FWD test. In this study, a pavement structure was modelled for three locations of FWD tests, namely CH 200, CH 1450, and CH 2300. Based on the comparative study, all computer programs show good potential in determining deflection basin, with small percentage of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of between 1.00% to 4.31% for all models developed by the computer programs and field measurement. In order to obtain a higher accuracy of the FEM, the models considered the dynamic loading, increasing size of model geometry, as well as the reduction of the mesh element sizes. Moreover, changing from static to dynamic loading led to the reduction of percentage in RMSE for CH 200 from 2.41% to 0.94%. Decreasing size of closer elements of loading region also results in lower percentages of RMSE, calculated at 4.21% to 3.63% and 1.20% to 1.18% for CH 1450 and CH 2300, respectively. FEM, therefore, is found to be the best method for determining deflection basin of FWD in comparison to other MET computer programs.
ASSESSMENT OF MICRONUCLEUS FREQUENCY AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH SYMPTOMS AMONG TRAFFIC POLICEMEN EXPOSED TO BTEX AND PM2.5 IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA
Authors: Awang Mohd Fairus , Jalaludin Juliana , Abu Bakar Suhaili , Latif Mohd Talib , Mohamad Fandi Noor Fatihah , Abd Hamid Haris Hafizal 
Published: September 2020

Volatile organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), and particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) are often associated with traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and harm the health of the community. This study aimed to evaluate the personal air pollutant exposure, micronucleus (MN) frequency, and respiratory health symptoms among 160 traffic policemen and 149 office workers in Klang Valley. Personal exposure concentrations for BTEX and PM2.5 among traffic police were 390.12 μg/m3 and 140.00 μg/m3 respectively, whereas 97.64 μg/m3 (BTEX) and 23.00 µg/m3 (PM2.5) among office workers. Statistical analysis for MN frequency between traffic policemen (6.2±2.6) and office workers (3.0±2.0) shows a significant difference (p < 0.001). The Chi-Square test for respiratory health symptoms indicates that only cough shows the significant differences between traffic policemen and office workers (χ2 = 5.645, p = 0.018, PR = 1.800). In short, this study showed that TRAP exposure would increase the chromosomal damage that can cause high MN frequency among traffic policemen and would increase the prevalence of respiratory health symptoms among urban workers.
Involvement of the lncRNA AFAP1‐AS1/microRNA‐195/E2F3 axis in proliferation and migration of enteric neural crest stem cells of Hirschsprung's disease
Authors: Pan Weikang , Wu Ali , Yu Hui , Yu Qiang , Zheng Baijun , Yang Weili , Tian Donghao , Li Peng , Gao Ya 
Published: September 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely involved in the progression of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR), but the role of actin filament associated protein 1 antisense RNA1 (AFAP1‐AS1), an lncRNA, in HSCR has not been explored before.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Downregulation of AFAP1‐AS1 blocks enteric neural crest stem cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion and promotes the occurrence of HSCR via the miR‐195/E2F3 axis, indicating thatAFAP1‐AS might be a potential biomarker for HSCR patients.

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in several human disorders. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether they are implicated in the phenotypes of enteric neural crest stem cells (ENCSCs) in Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR). Therefore, we designed this study to explore the pathogenicity of AFAP1‐AS1 for HSCR. Microarray analysis and bioinformatic tools were used to screen out the differentially lncRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with HSCR. Small interference RNA transfection was applied to carry out functional experiments in ENCSCs. Cellular activities were detected by cell counting kit‐8, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, Transwell assays and flow cytometry. Finally, rescue experiments were performed to examine the cofunction of AFAP1‐AS1 and miR‐195 and of miR‐195 and E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3). AFAP1‐AS1 was reduced in HSCR patients. Meanwhile, knockdown of AFAP1‐AS1 reduced the cell migratory and proliferative capacities and facilitated cell apoptosis along with G0/G1 phase arrest. E2F3 was diminished when miR‐195 was upregulated, and AFAP1‐AS1 inhibition reduced its ability to bind to miR‐195. Altogether, AFAP1‐AS1 silencing acts as an endogenous RNA by interacting with miR‐195 to alter E2F3 expression, thus conferring repressive effects on ENCSC activity and promoting HSCR progression.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Heat Transfer and Turbulent Flow Characteristics in Three-Short-Pass Serpentine Cooling Channels With Miniature W-Ribs
Authors: Rao Yu , Guo Zhongqiu , Wang Deqiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Detailed experimental and numerical studies have been conducted on the heat transfer, pressure loss, and turbulent flow structure of a three-short-pass serpentine cooling channel with miniature W-shaped ribs on the wall under the Reynolds numbers from 8500 to 60,000. Steady-state heat transfer experiments were done to obtain the globally averaged and total heat transfer performance of each ribbed pass of the serpentine channel, and the streamwise pressure loss characteristics of the serpentine-channel flow were also obtained by multipoint pressure measurements. Additionally, the transient liquid crystal thermography technique was also used to obtain the local heat transfer distributions on the miniature W-ribbed surface of each pass. Furthermore, numerical simulations were done by using the AKN k–ε turbulence model to reveal the detailed turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics in the serpentine channel. The experiments indicate that the miniature W-ribbed short pass has significantly enhanced total heat transfer by a factor of up to 4.0. The total heat transfer enhancement shows appreciably different values in different passes of the serpentine channel, and the second pass shows about 15% higher heat transfer enhancement than the first pass, and the third pass shows the highest heat transfer enhancement, which is about 15% higher than the second pass. The pressure loss measurements indicate that the two flow turnings contribute more than 90% of the total pressure loss in the serpentine channel with one ribbed pass with the miniature W ribs. The numerical simulations indicate that the flow turnings significantly increase the turbulent mixing in the flow of the downstream pass, and the miniature W-ribs on the wall appreciably improve the near-wall vortex mixing, which contributes the heat transfer enhancement.
Computational Analysis of Rotating Effects on Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss of Turbulent Flow in Detached Pin Fin Arrays With Various Clearances
Authors: Liang Ce , Rao Yu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A detailed computational analysis is carried out on the heat transfer and pressure loss of a turbulent flow in detached pin fin arrays with various clearance values for the Reynolds number range of 20,000–80,000 and the rotation number range of 0–0.3. Clearances exist at the midheight of the detached pin fins, which account for 10%, 15%, and 20% of the full pin fin's height, respectively. The clearances release the fluid stagnation and reduce the bulk flow turbulent mixing level, which significantly reduces the pressure loss. Compared with the pin fin arrays, the pressure loss is decreased by up to 30.5% with the increase of the clearance value for the detached pin fin arrays. Also, the detached pin fin arrays show a maximum increase in the total Nusselt numbers by about 13.5%. Furthermore, the rotation effects can increase the friction factors as well as the Nusselt numbers simultaneously in both the pin fin arrays and the detached pin fin arrays. A higher rotation number can promote the heat transfer enhancement and uniformity in the detached pin fin channels.
Overview of Validation Experiments Focused on Silicon in LR-0
Authors: Czakoj Tomáš , Košťál Michal , Peltan Tomáš , Šimon Jan , Capote Roberto 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Silicon dioxide is a common material in nature and is also often used in the nuclear industry (concrete, radioactive waste repositories in bedrocks), therefore, properly characterizing neutronic properties is very important for nuclear energy and criticality safety applications. The criticality worth was measured for several core arrangements containing silica sand both inside the core and/or as a reflector by measuring the moderator level. The core arrangements used sand as both lateral and central reflectors in different combinations. The results showed that the new thermal scattering law matrix for silicon dioxide available in ENDF/B-VIII.0 may have a problem for backward neutron scattering.
Fuzzy Fault Tolerant Control of a Bacterial Growth Process Using a Multiple Lyapunov Function
Authors: Khallouq Abdelmounaim , Karama Asma , Abyad Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the problem of actuator fault estimation and fault-tolerant control (FTC) of a biological process using Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy formulation. The goal is to ensure the desired outputs tracking even if the time-varying actuator faults occur. We propose to use a proportional multi-integral (PMI) observer to estimate both the time-varying actuator faults and the state of system. The reconstructed faults are used to reconfigure the nominal controller. As a nominal control, we use a fuzzy linear quadratic integral (LQI) law. To ensure the global asymptotic convergence of the PMI observer and to improve the compensation speed of faults, we propose to use the multiple Lyapunov function by introducing a convergence rate. Sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are developed. The obtained results show that, the proposed approach is successfully applied to the problem of actuator fault-tolerant control of a bacterial growth process.