bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nephrotoxicity Assessment of Dr Iguedo Goko Cleanser® in Exposed Wistar Rats
Authors: Udom Godswill J. , Okokon Jude E. , Udobang John A. , Obot Daniel N. , Asuquo Ikanna E. 
Published: July 2020

Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the toxicity concern of Dr Iguedo Goko Cleanser® on kidney function parameters and histoarchitecture of the kidneys of exposed Wistar rats.
Study Design: A 60-day subchronic toxicological assessment using animal model.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria, between March 2019 and July 2019.
Methodology: Acute toxicity study was conducted using the modified Lorke’s method. Thirty Wistar rats of both genders were randomly allotted to six groups (5/group) and orally-treated daily thus: Groups 1 and 4-Controls (distilled water, 10 mL/kg), Groups 2-3; 5-6 received the Polyherbal mixture (476.24; 158.75) mg/kg, respectively. On 62nd day, animals were euthanized under diethyl ether anaesthesia and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Eviscerated kidneys were weighed and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological examination.
Results: Polyherbal mixture presented acute toxicity with an estimated LD50 of 1587.45 mg/kg (mouse, i.p). Results presented significant (P=.05) decreased blood urea nitrogen at all doses tested; elevated Na+ for high dose male (124.58±1.82) and female (122.77±0.00) rats compared to their respective controls (110.49±3.17/97.33±1.78) as well as increased creatinine levels for low dose male rats (145.83±7.45) compared to control (36.46±1.24). Histopathology of the kidneys revealed degrees of pathologies such as hyperplasic glomerular cells, occluding Bowman’s space, hyperaemia within the cortical tissue, widened proximal and distal convoluted tubules, hyperplasia of cortical tissue cells as well as hyperplasia of tubular and connective tissue cells.
Conclusion: Despite the popular claim that herbal remedies are completely natural, safe and devoid of toxicities whatsoever, the present day study suggest otherwise. Therefore, utmost caution and/or avoidance of the polyherbal mixture whenever possible, is strongly advised especially as its nephrotoxic potentials are not negligible.
Commissioning a four‐dimensional Computed Tomography Simulator for minimum target size due to motion in the Anterior–Posterior direction: a procedure and treatment planning recommendations
Authors: Sonier Marcus , Vangenderen Brandon , Visagie Dallas , Appeldoorn Cameron , Chiang Te‐Chih (Archie) , Mathew Lindsay , Reinsberg Stefan , Rose Jim , Ramaseshan Ramani 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to develop a procedure for commissioning four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) algorithms for minimum target reconstruction size, to quantify the effect of anterior–posterior (AP) motion artifacts on known object reconstruction for periodic and irregular breathing patterns, and to provide treatment planning recommendations for target sizes below a minimum threshold. A mechanical platform enabled AP motion of a rod and lung phantom during 4DCT acquisition. Static, artifact‐free scans of the phantoms were first acquired. AP sinusoidal and patient breathing motion was applied to obtain 4DCT images. 4DCT reconstruction artifacts were assessed by measuring the apparent width and angle of the rod. Comparison of known tumor diameters and volumes between the static image parameters with the 4DCT image sets was used to quantify the extent of AP reconstruction artifact and contour deformation. Examination of the rod width, under sinusoidal motion, found it was best represented during the inhale and exhale phases for all periods and ranges of motion. From the gradient phases, the apparent width of the rod decreased with increasing amplitude and decreasing period. The rod angle appeared larger on the reconstructed images due to the presence of motion artifact. The apparent diameters of the spherical tumors on the gradient phases were larger/equivalent than the true values in the AP/LR direction, respectively, while the exhale phase consistently displayed the spheres at the approximately correct diameter. The Eclipse calculated diameter matched closely with the true diameter on the exhale phase and was found to be larger on the inhale, MIP, and Avg scans. The procedure detailed here may be used during the acceptance and commissioning period of a computed tomography simulator or retroactively when implementing a SBRT program to determine the minimum target size that can be reliably reconstructed.
Catalytic Strategies for the Asymmetric Construction of Cyclic Frameworks with a Halogenated Tetrasubstituted Stereocenter
Authors: Liu Yue , Leng Hai‐Jun , Li Qing‐Zhu , Li Jun‐Long 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe efficient and enantioselective construction of cyclic compounds with a halogenated tetrasubstituted carbon through various catalytic strategies remains challenging. Thus, research on modern asymmetric catalysis is important. In this review, recent achievements that streamlined the synthesis of halogenated cyclic molecules through organocatalysis or transition‐metal catalysis were introduced.magnified image
Nitrile Synthesis by Aerobic Oxidation of Primary Amines and in situ Generated Imines from Aldehydes and Ammonium Salt with Grubbs Catalyst
Authors: Utsumi Tatsuki , Noda Kenta , Kawauchi Daichi , Ueda Hirofumi , Tokuyama Hidetoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, a Grubbs‐catalyzed route for the synthesis of nitriles via the aerobic oxidation of primary amines is reported. This reaction accommodates a variety of substrates, including simple primary amines, sterically hindered β,β‐disubstituted amines, allylamine, benzylamines, and α‐amino esters. Reaction compatibility with various functionalities is also noted, particularly with alkenes, alkynes, halogens, esters, silyl ethers, and free hydroxyl groups. The nitriles were also synthesized via the oxidation of imines generated from aldehydes and NH4OAc in situ.magnified image
High Capacity Functionalized Protein Superabsorbents from an Agricultural Co‐Product: A Cradle‐to‐Cradle Approach
Authors: Capezza Antonio Jose , Cui Yuxiao , Numata Keiji , Lundman Malin , Newson William Roy , Olsson Richard Tobias , Johansson Eva , Hedenqvist Mikael Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSynthesis of superabsorbent particles from nontoxic wheat gluten (WG) protein, as an industrial co‐product, is presented. A natural molecular cross‐linker named genipin (a hydrogenated glycoside) is used together with a dianhydride (ethylenediaminetetraacetic EDTAD), to enable the preparation of a material with a network structure capable of swelling up to ≈4000% in water and ≈600% in saline solution. This represents an increase in swelling by over 10 times compared to the already highly absorbing gluten reference material. The carboxylation (using EDTAD) and the cross‐linking of the protein result in a hydrogel with liquid retention capacity as high as 80% of the absorbed water remaining in the WG network on extensive centrifugation, which is higher than that of commercial fossil‐based superabsorbents. The results also show that more polar forms of the reacted genipin are more effectively grafted onto the protein, contributing to the swelling and liquid retention. Microscopy of the materials reveals extensive nanoporosity (300 nm), contributing to rapid capillarity‐driven absorption. The use of proteins from agricultural industries for the fabrication of sustainable protein superabsorbents is herein described as an emerging avenue for the development of the next generation daily‐care products with a minimal environmental impact.
Rubbing and Drawing: Generic Ways to Improve the Thermoelectric Power Factor of Organic Semiconductors?
Authors: Scheunemann Dorothea , Vijayakumar Vishnu , Zeng Huiyan , Durand Pablo , Leclerc Nicolas , Brinkmann Martin , Kemerink Martijn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHighly oriented polymer films can show considerable anisotropy in the thermoelectric properties leading to power factors beyond those predicted by the widely obeyed power law linking the thermopower S and the electrical conductivity σ as S ∝ σ−1/4. This has led to encouraging practical results with respect to the electrical conductivity, notwithstanding that the conditions necessary to enhance σ and S simultaneously are less clear. Here, kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the impact of structural anisotropy on the thermoelectric properties of disordered organic semiconductors. It is found that stretching is a suitable strategy to improve the conductivity along the direction of strain, whereas the effect on the power factor depends on the morphology the polymer crystallizes. In general, crystalline polymers show a simultaneous increase in σ and S which is not the case for amorphous polymers. Moreover, it is shown that the trends resulting from simulations based on variable‐range hopping are in good agreement with experiments and can describe the different functional dependencies in the S versus σ behavior of different directions.
Voltage Control of Skyrmion Bubbles for Topological Flexible Spintronic Devices
Authors: Yang Qu , Cheng Yuxin , Li Yaojin , Zhou Ziyao , Liang Jinghua , Zhao Xinger , Hu Zhongqiang , Peng Renci , Yang Hongxin , Liu Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe electric field is an energy‐efficient tool that can be leveraged to control spin–orbit coupling. Although Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions (DMI) in magnetic skyrmion systems can be regulated in flat state using an electric field, the control of their flexible behavior has remained elusive so far. Here, the double modulation of strain and voltage effects in a flexible ultrathin heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnetic (FM)/insulator (I) system, demonstrating that the interfacial DMI can be dual controlled via a mechanical stress and a circuit gating voltage at room temperature, is reported. An intensive tuning efficiency (26.7 mJ m−2 V−1) is obtained while maintaining an excellent mechanical strength, which is a result of Rashba‐DMI tuning at the FM/I interface. The result is promising in achieving novel flexible topological devices where low operation voltage and excellent flexibility are required.
Operable adaptive sparse identification of systems: Application to chemical processes
Authors: Bhadriraju Bhavana , Bangi Mohammed Saad Faizan , Narasingam Abhinav , Kwon Joseph Sang‐Il 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver the past few decades, several data‐driven methods have been developed for identifying a model that accurately describes the process dynamics. Lately, sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy) has delivered promising results for various nonlinear processes. However, at any instance of plant‐model mismatch or process upset, retraining the model using SINDy is computationally expensive and cannot guarantee to catch up with rapidly changing dynamics. Hence, we propose operable adaptive sparse identification of systems (OASIS) framework that extends the capabilities of SINDy for accurate, automatic, and adaptive approximation of process models. First, we use SINDy to obtain multiple models from historical data for varying input settings. Next, using these models and their training data, we build a deep neural network that is incorporated in a model predictive control framework for closed‐loop operation. We demonstrate the OASIS methodology on the identification and control of a continuous stirred tank reactor.
Adjusting acidity and porosity of Al‐SBA‐15 catalyst for methanol to dimethyl ether reaction
Authors: Gharibi Kharaji Abolfazl , Beheshti Masoud , Tangestani‐nejad Shahram , Görke Oliver , Godini Hamid Reza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study aims to conduct a systematic assessment of Al‐SBA‐15 as the aluminum‐substituted mesoporous catalyst for raw methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether (MTD). The catalysts are synthesized by varying the pretreatment variables (pH of the preparation and Si/Al ratio), the posttreatment variable (steaming time), and by the addition of aluminophosphate as the binder. The experimental design and the analysis of the results, especially the relation of characterization results and reactor performance, are performed by the optimal response surface method in Design‐Expert software. The prepared micro‐mesoporous catalyst exhibits an excellent activity, stability, and DME selectivity; therefore, it can be introduced as an efficient catalyst for raw methanol dehydration.
Evaluation and design methods for high‐efficiency charring composite under complex coupling mechanisms in both material and boundary layer
Authors: Li Weijie , Huang Jie , Zhang Zhongwei , Huang Haiming , Liang Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the development of hypersonic vehicles, reentry vehicles are facing a more severe aerothermodynamic heating environment. It is necessary to design high‐efficiency charring composite used as the heat shield in the thermal protection system (TPS) of reentry vehicles. By taking the material responses (volume‐surface coupled ablation), exothermic gas‐phase reactions of pyrolysis gases in the boundary layer and the flow behavior of chemical nonequilibrium inflow coupling ablative mechanism into consideration, a developed thermal/fluid/chemical/ablation coupling model with the key influencing factor on thermal protection performance of charring composites is built to evaluate the material responses and the chemical responses in boundary layer near its surface. Based on this model, the key factor (fiber volume fraction) influencing on the thermal protection performance is analyzed by using a coupling numerical calculation strategy. By designing the distribution of this parameter along the thickness of the material, a gradient design for charring composite is given. The numerical results indicate that the gradient charring composite can control the temperature distribution and the amount of surface ablation recession. This study will be a guidance for the design of charring composites for thermal protection application in reentry vehicles in a quantitative and efficient manner.
Porphyrin‐Ryleneimide Hybrids: Low‐Bandgap Acceptors in Energy‐Transfer Cassettes
Authors: Janiga Ewelina , Kim Gakhyun , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Lis Tadeusz , Kim Dongho , Stępień Marcin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnergy‐transfer cassettes consisting of naphthaleneimide‐fused metalloporphyrin acceptors (M=Zn and Pd) and BODIPY donors have been designed and synthesized. These systems have rigid pseudo‐tetrahedral structures with a donor‐acceptor separation of ca. 17.5 Å. Spectroscopic investigations, including femtosecond transient absorption measurements, showed efficient excitation energy transfer (EET) occurring according to the Förster mechanism. Strong fluorescence of the donor units and significant spectral overlap of the donor and acceptor subunits are prerequisites for the efficient EET in these systems.
Resolvin D1 protects against sepsis‐induced cardiac injury in mice
Authors: Wang Menglong , Liu Menglin , Zhang Jishou , Liu Jianfang , Ye Jing , Xu Yao , Wang Zhen , Ye Di , Zhao Mengmeng , Wan Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIncreased inflammation is the key mechanism that mediates sepsis induced cardiac injury. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a bioactive lipid mediator synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid, can attenuate the severity of many inflammation‐related diseases through anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving properties. However, the protective role of RvD1 in sepsis induced cardiac injury remains unclear. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, LPS group and RvD1 + LPS group. LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was used to establish a sepsis‐induced cardiac injury model. RvD1 (5 ug/kg, i.p.) was injected 30 min before LPS injection. RvD1 treatment significantly attenuated the deteriorated cardiac function and cardiac injury induced by LPS, as evidenced by the improved left ventricular ejection fraction, serum levels of cardiac injury markers and severity of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In addition, RvD1 treatment significantly attenuated the infiltration of pro‐inflammatory M1 macrophages and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the heart. Mechanistically, the attenuated activation of NK‐κB and MAPK signaling mediated the anti‐inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of RvD1. In addition, LPS‐induced infiltration of neutrophils and M1 macrophages in the spleen was significantly attenuated by the RvD1 treatment. Results of the present study suggest that RvD1 protects the heart against LPS‐induced injuries by attenuating the local and systemic inflammatory response, highlighting the therapeutic effects of RvD1 in sepsis‐induced cardiac injury.
A review on nutritional properties, shelf life, health aspects, and consumption of brown rice in comparison with white rice
Authors: Mir Shabir Ahmad , Shah Manzoor Ahmad , Bosco S. John Don , Sunooj Kappat Valiyapeediyekkal , Farooq Saqib 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn recent years, brown rice (BR) has become popular among the consumers due its nutritional excellence and health benefits as compared to polished or white rice. The objective of this review paper is to compare composition, health benefits, hurdles, shelf life, and potential ways to enhance the consumption of BR as compared to white rice.FindingsBrown rice is the whole grain rice which includes the endosperm, embryo, and bran layers. Nutritionally, BR is superior to white rice and an improved source of vitamins, minerals, fiber, γ‐oryzanol, and phytochemical components which can support the human health. However, the polishing process removes most of the health promoting components from the BR. Considerable difference has been reported in the nutritional composition of brown and polished rice. Brown rice is gaining popularity among health conscious consumers as compared to white rice but there are also certain hurdles such as a shorter shelf life, sensory perception, and lack of awareness about its benefits and availability which limits market potential. However, innovative and optimization process technologies will help in the promotion and improved consumption of BR instead of white rice.ConclusionBR is a valuable source of nutritional components which are lost once it is subjected to a polishing process as many nutrients are concentrated in the bran layer. The limitations associated with the consumption of BR have previously effected consumption but the demand for BR has increased which has been attributed to promotion of potential health benefits.Significance and noveltyBR consumption has potential to contribute to improve the health as part of a healthy diet and reduce the burden of various noncommunicable diseases.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the oral cavity as first sign of disease: A case report
Authors: Patel Shalizeh , Barros Juliana , Nwizu Ngozi N. , Ogbureke Kalu U. E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma metastasis to the oral cavity is rare. Significantly, the oral lesion in this case was the first indication of a malignant disease in the patient. This case underscores the importance of detailed history taking, interpretation of clinical finding, and high index of suspicion for metastatic disease to the oral cavity.
A Japanese case of amoebic meningoencephalitis initially diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid cytology
Authors: Aoki Ryogo , Sakakima Toshimasa , Ohashi Asuka , Niwa Riyoko , Matsuyama Masashi , Etori Fumimasa , Watanabe Naoki , Yagita Kenji , Tanaka Takuji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicroscopy can detect the presence of amoebic trophozoites in cerebrospinal fluid and tissue. The infection was confirmed in the present case by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, but we were unable to achieve a cure. Our case rapidly progressed without any skin lesions.
Emergence of overt myeloma in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia on ibrutinib therapy
Authors: Al‐Katib Ayad M. , Gaith Hussein , Sano Dahlia , Al‐Katib Sayf , Bonnett Michelle , Kafri Zyad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIbrutinib is approved for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, its role in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) is not clear and is under investigation. We report a case of CLL that developed MM while on therapy with ibrutinib indicating that this drug may not be active against MM.
Behcet's disease presenting with primary hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and celiac disease: A case report
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Awad Rama 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe are reporting a case report of Behcet's disease with autoimmune dysfunction that affected the thyroid and adrenal glands and the patient also had sub‐clinical celiac disease. However, the correlation between Bechet's disease and autoimmune disease is still controversial.
Massive pheochromocytoma
Authors: Anai Terumitsu , Oka Kosuke , Yokota Yuya , Nishimura Yoshito , Hagiya Hideharu , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractComplications of pheochromocytoma, such as hypertensive emergency, can be critical. Clinicians should recognize that pheochromocytoma is not uncommon in patients with large adrenal tumors, and screening should be undertaken prior to any intervention.
A “groovy” diagnosis: Eosinophilic fasciitis
Authors: Korsten Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClinical examination can be the key to pursuing a diagnosis, even in rare diseases. The “groove sign” is a typical finding in eosinophilic fasciitis and can be elicited by elevation of the arm to allow for venous return with visible “grooving” of the veins due to skin thickening.
A series of typical and atypical cases of Bazex syndrome: Identifying the red herring to avoid delaying cancer treatment
Authors: Eckstein Jacob , Healy Erin , Jain Angita , Hawkins Daniel , Ho Quoc‐Anh , Agrawal Amit , Ozer Enver , Rupert Robert , Diavolitsis Virginia M. , Bhatt Aashish D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBazex syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic dermatosis that precedes diagnosis of cancer. Awareness of this syndrome is important, as it allows early detection of underlying malignancy and may prevent misdiagnosis and delays in cancer treatment.
Xylophagia (paper eating): A rare form of pica
Authors: Kurtz Daniel , Azar Ibrahim , Khan Hajra , Lilley Kirthi , Woldie Indryas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractXylophagia is a form of pica where patients have the unusual craving for ingestion of paper. After treating the underlying cause of pica, in this case treating iron deficiency anemia with iron replacement therapy, these unusual cravings resolve.
Solid‐Phase Protein Modifications: Towards Precision Protein Hybrids for Biological Applications
Authors: Kuan Seah Ling , Raabe Marco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProteins have attracted increasing attention as biopharmaceutics and diagnostics due to their high specificity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The biopharmaceutical sector in particular is experiencing rapid growth, which has led to an increase in the production and sale of protein drugs and diagnostics over the last two decades. Since the first‐generation biopharmaceutics dominated by native proteins, both recombinant and chemical technologies have evolved and transformed the outlook of this rapidly developing field. This review article presents updates on the fabrication of covalent and supramolecular fusion hybrids, as well as protein‐polymer hybrids using solid‐phase approaches that hold great promise for preparing protein hybrids with precise control at the macromolecular level to incorporate additional features. In addition, the applications of the resultant protein hybrids in medicine and diagnostics are highlighted where possible.