bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State and determinants of inter-regional market entry practices in the Chinese construction industry: evidence from national quality award projects
Authors: Wang Guangbin , Xia Chen , Cao Dongping 
Published: April 2020

PurposeDue to the lack of industrywide data, now there is only perceptual knowledge, through survey data, that construction firms may face great challenges in geographical diversification. The article aims to provide an objective description on the state of interregional market entry practices in the Chinese construction industry. How these practices are influenced by related set of regional and industry-related factors is further studied.Design/methodology/approachDescription analysis of the practices is first performed based on a first-hand industrial data set including 1,020 projects and 404 construction firms. Combining provincial panel data in the National Bureau of Statistics of China, related regional and industry-related factors on these practices are further analyzed through hierarchical regression models.Findings(1) Interregional market entry practices are not quite prevalent during the past two decades, only involving 271 projects and 111 firms which accounts for 26.57% and 27.47% of the analyzed subjects respectively; (2) Large, state-owned and experienced firms are more frequently involved in the practices; (3) A number of regional factors such as local market protection and industry scale also significantly impact the practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical analysis of this study was conducted using the specific dataset from the National Quality Award Projects where firms tend to be national, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to the whole industry contexts.Originality/valueWhile most of the research on market entry practices in the project-based construction industry is undertaken at project or firm level based on survey data, this research represents an exploratory effort of using objective data to provide a macro overview of the practices at the industry level. The findings could contribute to a deepened understanding of how these practices are impacted by related regional- and industry-level factors.
Sexual and reproductive health in schools in Fiji: a qualitative study of teachers' perceptions
Authors: Ram Sharan , Mohammadenzhad Masoud 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTeachers are a key to success for school-based sex health education programmes; however, they may not be able to consistently implement it due to a myriad of reasons. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of teachers regarding the delivery of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) education in secondary schools in Fiji.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative study design was used to collect the data from SRH education teachers in Suva, Fiji between July and August 2018. This study included teachers who taught sex education for at least two years. Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were run using a semi-structure questionnaire among groups stratified by gender. Data collected were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed.FindingsThe study findings reveal that implementation of SRH education is vague, not mandatory and not comprehensive. Teachers acknowledged that SRH was not adequately covered in homes and underscored its importance for young people. Teachers viewed schools as ideal place for delivering sex education, however, could not consistently implement due to a lack of adequate information and skills, feared negative parental reaction, felt uncomfortable delivering sensitive topics and in most cases felt apprehensive to discuss sexuality issues in light of lack of training and resources.Originality/valueTo improve SRH education delivery, there need to be a focus on strengthening capacity building of teachers through pre-service and in-service health education, improved monitoring, evaluation and context–specific resource development and allocation.
The effectiveness of employee retention through an uplift modeling approach
Authors: Rombaut Evy , Guerry Marie-Anne 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe main goal of employee retention is to prevent competent employees from leaving the company. When analysing the main reasons why employees leave and determining their turnover probability, the question arises: Which retention strategies have an actual effect on turnover and for which profile of employees do these strategies work?Design/methodology/approachTo determine the effectiveness of different retention strategies, an overview is given of retention strategies that can be found in the literature. Next, the paper presents a procedure to build an uplift model for testing the effectiveness of the different strategies on HR data. The uplift model is based on random forest estimation and applies personal treatment learning estimation.FindingsThrough a data-driven approach, the actual effect of retention strategies on employee turnover is investigated. The retention strategies compensation and recognition are found to have a positive average treatment effect on the entire population, while training and flexibility do not. However, with personalised treatment learning, the treatment effect on the individual level can be estimated. This results in an ability to profile employees with the highest estimated treatment effect.Practical implicationsThe results yield useful information for human resources practitioners. The personalised treatment analysis results in detailed retention information for these practitioners, which allows them to target the right employees with the right strategies.Originality/valueEven though the uplift modelling approach is becoming increasingly popular within marketing, this approach has not been taken within human resources analytics. This research opens the door for further research and for practical implementation.
Science to inform policy: Linking population dynamics to habitat for a threatened species in Canada
Authors: Johnson Cheryl A. , Sutherland Glenn D. , Neave Erin , Leblond Mathieu , Kirby Patrick , Superbie Clara , McLoughlin Philip D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Boreal forests provide numerous ecological services, including the ability to store large amounts of carbon, and are of significance to global biodiversity. Increases in industrial activities in boreal landscapes since the mid‐20th century have added to concerns over biodiversity loss and climate change. Boreal forests are home to dwindling populations of boreal caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou in Canada, a species at risk that requires large, undisturbed landscapes for persistence. In 2012, the Canadian government defined critical habitat for boreal caribou by relating calf recruitment to disturbances. Some have questioned whether the recruitment relationship can be extrapolated beyond the environmental conditions represented in the analysis.

We examined the effects of human disturbances and fire (alone and in combination) on variation in recruitment and adult female survival using data from 58 study areas in Canada. Top models were used in aspatial scenarios of landscape change to evaluate the efficacy of the critical habitat definition in achieving the recovery objectives for boreal caribou in two contrasting landscapes: Little Smoky, dominated by high levels of human disturbances, and the northern boreal shield of Saskatchewan (SK1), dominated by fire.

The top recruitment model suggested the negative effect of fire was three to four times smaller than human disturbances. The top adult female survival model included human disturbances only. These results re‐affirm that human disturbances are the primary factor contributing to boreal caribou declines.

Our aspatial scenarios suggested that undisturbed habitat would have to increase to ≥68% for Little Smoky to maintain a self‐sustaining population of boreal caribou with some degree of certainty. In contrast, the SK1 population was self‐sustaining with 40% undisturbed habitat when fire disturbance predominates, but could become vulnerable with increases in human disturbances (8%–9%).

Policy implications. Boreal caribou are listed as threatened under Canada's Species at Risk Act. Our results suggest that the 65% undisturbed critical habitat designation in Canada's boreal caribou Recovery Strategy may serve as a reasonable proxy for achieving self‐sustaining populations of boreal caribou in landscapes dominated by human disturbances. However, some populations may be less or more vulnerable, as illustrated by the scenarios in a landscape dominated by fire (SK1). Continued population monitoring will be essential to assessing the effectiveness of land management strategies developed for boreal caribou recovery, especially with climate change.
Spillover of terrestrial arthropod species and beta diversity in perennial crops relative to spatial scale of land‐use intensity
Authors: van Schalkwyk Julia , Pryke James S. , Samways Michael J. , Gaigher René 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Arthropod diversity in agricultural areas is influenced by land‐use intensity (LUI) at both local and landscape scales. In agricultural systems, non‐crop habitats are important for promoting in‐field arthropod diversity, although in perennial orchard systems, boundary contrast (i.e. structural differences between crop and non‐crop habitats) may impede spillover of arthropods from non‐crop areas.

We focus on ground‐dwelling arthropods sampled within orchards in the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve, South Africa, that do not show a strong association with this habitat type (i.e. ‘non‐cultural’ species), and assess the influence of local (in‐field scale; FLUI) and landscape scale LUI (LLUI), boundary contrast, cover‐crop management, and population effects on species richness, assemblage variation within orchards, and the dissimilarity between assemblages in crop and non‐crop habitats (i.e. ‘cross‐edge dissimilarity’).

Higher LLUI (lower amounts of non‐crop habitat) was associated with higher in‐field species richness but also higher cross‐edge dissimilarity (i.e. these habitats were more distinct in certain landscapes). FLUI was important for non‐cultural species, especially non‐cultural predators and detritivores, for which higher levels of fertilization reduced in‐field species richness. Reduced contrast enhanced in‐field species richness, but there was limited evidence that this enhanced spillover from non‐crop habitats.

Synthesis and applications. In production systems with high border contrast and highly productive crop habitats, higher landscape scale land‐use intensity can enhance in‐field diversity. By supporting a subset of the assemblage able to thrive in both crop and non‐crop habitats, this is contributing to community divergence. To promote farmland diversity, we advocate the reduction of agrochemical inputs, production diversification at the landscapes scale, and the incorporation of a network of non‐crop corridors and stepping‐stone habitats to maintain connectivity and resilience across the landscape.
Occupational therapy entry‐level education scholarship in Australia from 2000 to 2019: A systematic mapping review
Authors: Roberts Melanie , Hooper Barbara , Molineux Matthew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe number of occupational therapy degree programs in Australia has increased substantially over the last decade. During this time, Australian academics have produced a significant amount of scholarship focussed on entry‐level education; however, the landscape of this scholarship has not been examined. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the scholarship of entry‐level Australian occupational therapy education programs, specifically the topics explored and methods employed.MethodsAn extensive search of nine databases produced 1,002 papers related to occupational therapy education. Two researchers screened each paper using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seventy‐six articles, published between 2000 and September 2019, were included. Data were extracted using a coding tool, and entered into NVivo, where data were analysed using queries and tallies of the characteristics of the articles.ResultsSixty‐eight articles were research and eight were other peer reviewed literature. Articles primarily focussed on student characteristics and perceptions. Quantitative research designs were predominant with surveys the most frequently used method. There were few articles that addressed the topic of teaching methods and approaches, and of these none addressed occupation‐centred teaching. No articles addressed the learning environment. Four articles reported on an educational intervention that targeted participation, and attitudes/perceptions or knowledge/skills of students and/or academics. These findings inform understanding about what has been completed so far in the scholarship; and what topic focus and research designs could address gaps in existing knowledge.ConclusionsThis review elucidated topics that have been well researched (student focus), as well as gaps in the scholarship (teaching methods and approaches including occupation‐centred teaching, and the learning environment). It showed that quantitative designs were predominant, with qualitative approaches less frequently adopted. The results of this review could assist academics and researchers to focus their scholarship on topics that require further investigation and diversify research methods.
An empirical analysis of municipal efficiency and local resident satisfaction by council type in Victorian local government
Authors: Tran Carolyn‐Dung Thi Thanh , Dollery Brian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough a voluminous empirical literature has examined local government efficiency, much less attention has focused on municipal effectiveness and almost no effort has been directed at the relationship between efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper, we seek to add to the latter nascent literature by investigating the relationship between operational efficiency and local resident satisfaction for three different municipal categories (metropolitan, regional, and rural councils) in the Victorian local government system over the period 2014–2015 to 2017–2018 using data envelopment analysis and an advanced regression model. We find that although a strong relationship exists between efficiency and satisfaction for metropolitan and regional councils, the same is not true of rural councils.
Value‐added exports and the skill premium: Evidence from China’s international and regional production networks
Authors: Cui Chuantao , Li Leona Shao‐Zhi , Peng Daoju 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study examines the impact of value‐added exports on the skill premium in a large developing country. We distinguish two margins of value‐added trade: direct exporting measures the economic activities of de jure exporters, while indirect exporting reflects the induced demand for suppliers for exporters. We integrate China’1s internal and external production networks and draw empirical evidence from both population and economic censuses. Our findings show that aggregate value‐added export intensity is associated with a higher skill premium, but it encompasses two contrasting effects: the direct exporting channel increases the skill premium, whereas the indirect channel decreases it. The latter channel has been neglected in existing published studies, which can lead to an overestimation of the positive relationship between exports and inequality in the South. We discuss the possible mechanisms and important implications.
Planned induction versus spontaneous delivery among women using prophylactic anticoagulation therapy: a retrospective study
Authors: Rottenstreich A , Zacks N , Kleinstern G , Levin G , Sompolinsky Y , Mankuta D , Ezra Y , Rottenstreich M , Yagel S , Kalish Y 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the outcomes of planned induction of labour versus spontaneous onset of labour among women using prophylactic‐dose low‐molecular weight heparin (LMWH) therapy.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUniversity hospital.PopulationWomen receiving antepartum prophylactic LMWH therapy undergoing a trial of vaginal delivery.MethodsCharts from 2018–2019 were reviewed.Main outcome measuresDuration of anticoagulation interruption and eligibility to receive neuraxial anaesthesia.ResultsData from 199 women were analysed; 78 (39.2%) were admitted following spontaneous onset of labour and 121 (60.8%) underwent planned induction of labour. Compared to women who underwent planned induction of labour, women who presented with spontaneous onset of labour had a shorter median admission‐to‐delivery interval (4.7 versus 29.3 hours, P < 0.001). Similarly, intervals from the last LMWH injection to delivery (25.8 versus 48.2 hours, P < 0.001) and to the first postpartum LMWH injection (41.2 versus 63.7 hours, P < 0.001) were shorter. Among those with spontaneous onset of labour, 69 (88.5%) were eligible to receive neuraxial anaesthesia. Rates of postpartum haemorrhage and blood transfusion were similar between the groups. No thrombotic events were encountered in those with spontaneous onset of labour, but four (3.3%) women who delivered following induction of labour developed a postpartum thrombotic event.ConclusionPlanned induction of labour was associated with a higher risk of postpartum thrombotic events than was spontaneous onset of labour (4 of 121 [3.3%] versus 0 of 78 [0%]), presumably due to prolonged duration of anticoagulation interruption, although the difference was not statistically significant. Allowing spontaneous onset of labour was associated with comparable rates of bleeding complications, and only a low proportion (9 of 78, 11.5%) were not eligible to receive neuraxial anaesthesia.Tweetable abstractPlanned induction among women using prophylactic LMWH therapy might increase the risk of thromboembolic complications.
The impact of age and high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) status on the prevalence of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) in women with persistent hrHPV‐positive, cytology‐negative screening samples: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tidy JA , Lyon R , Ellis K , Macdonald M , Palmer JE 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo establish the prevalence of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) in women referred to colposcopy with persistent high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) cytology‐negative screening sample according to hrHPV genotype, age at referral and colposcopic performance.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSingle colposcopy clinic linked to a population‐based screening programme.PopulationWomen referred with persistent hrHPV cytology‐negative routine screening samples.MethodsProspective study with descriptive statistics from a single colposcopy unit between June 2014 and July 2019.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of hrHPV genotypes and CIN2+, positive predictive value for colposcopic impression, and inadequate colposcopic examinations.ResultsA total of 3107 women were referred. Prevalence of CIN2+ was highest for persistent HPV16 infections (10.7%) compared with HPV18 (3.6%) or HPVO (4.7%). Prevalence of CIN2+ declined with age (25–34 years 14.2% to 55–64 years 1.1%) whereas the percentage of women with an inadequate colposcopic examination increased (25–34 years 0.9% to 55–64 years 29.5%). High‐grade colposcopic impression fell over time during the study from 16.1 to 5.1%. The positive predictive value for colposcopic impression of CIN2+ was affected by hrHPV genotype (57.3% for HPV16 versus 32.1% for nonHPV16). The adjunctive use of electrical impedance spectroscopy detected an extra 42 cases of CIN2+, which was irrespective of hrHPV genotype.ConclusionsPrimary hrHPV cervical screening increases detection of CIN2+; however, low specificity results in more women being referred to colposcopy with a low prevalence of CIN2+. Colposcopy performs poorly in some groups, particularly with HPVO infections and women over 50 years of age. An appropriate threshold for referral to colposcopy in primary hrHPV screening has not been established.Tweetable abstractLow prevalence of CIN2+ in HPV‐positive negative cytology samples. HPV genotype, age and prevalence of CIN2+ affect colposcopic performance.
The efficacy and safety of balloon dilation for unresectable malignant biliary obstruction before placement of self‐expanding metal stents
Authors: Shen Zhen Yang , Wang Jun Jun , Lu Lun Gen , Wan Rong , Wan Xin Jian , Cai Xiao Bo 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether patients with malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) benefit from balloon dilation before the placement of a self‐expanding metal stent (SEMS) for palliative biliary drainage.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with SEMS placement for palliative management of MBO were retrospectively included. Comparative analyses of serum bilirubin levels, post‐procedural adverse events, stent patency time, stent dysfunction, and patient survival were performed between the dilation and non‐dilation groups.ResultsA total of 221 patients underwent palliative endoscopic SEMS implantation for MBO from January 2014 to June 2018. Dilation significantly improved the percentage of serum bilirubin improvement (37.0% vs 14.3%, P = 0.001), with a decreasing trend in the incidence of post‐procedural cholangitis (2.5% vs 7.8%, P = 0.075), while the rates of other complications such as pancreatitis and bleeding were not increased. The patency time of SEMS and patient survival did not significantly differ between patients with and without dilation. Patients had endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) but not dilation showed similar short‐term outcomes as patients underwent dilation but without ENBD.ConclusionsDilation with a small‐caliber balloon catheter before the placement of SEMS is a safe and effective approach for MBO. Balloon dilation may improve the short‐term efficacy of SEMS placement, while long‐term outcomes are not obviously affected. The short‐term effect of stricture dilation may be achieved by ENBD. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.