bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locoregional Management of Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Baker Jennifer L. , Hegde John , Thompson Carlie K. , Lee Minna K. , DiNome Maggie L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a biologically aggressive subtype with a high risk for rapid local progression and early distant metastasis. We review the updated data for optimal locoregional management of IBC, including areas of active controversy.Recent FindingsAdvancements in tri-modality therapies have improved survival among IBC patients in recent years; however, the risk of locoregional and distant recurrence remains high, particularly in triple-negative IBC. Data to support de-escalation of surgery or radiotherapy is limited, and the recommended treatment approach for non-metastatic IBC remains preoperative systemic therapy (PST), modified radical mastectomy (MRM), and adjuvant radiotherapy in all patients. For patients with de novo metastatic disease, locoregional intervention may be appropriate.SummaryOptimal locoregional management of IBC remains PST followed by MRM and adjuvant radiotherapy. With increasingly effective systemic therapies, research to identify a subset of patients who may benefit from de-escalation of locoregional therapies is warranted.
Molecular Correlates of Hemorrhage and Edema Volumes Following Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage Implicate Inflammation, Autophagy, mRNA Splicing, and T Cell Receptor Signaling
Authors: Durocher Marc , Knepp Bodie , Yee Alan , Jickling Glen , Rodriguez Fernando , Ng Kwan , Zhan Xinhua , Hamade Farah , Ferino Eva , Amini Hajar , Carmona-Mora Paulina , Hull Heather , Ander Bradley P. , Sharp Frank R. , Stamova Boryana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and perihematomal edema (PHE) volumes are major determinants of ICH outcomes as is the immune system which plays a significant role in damage and repair. Thus, we performed whole-transcriptome analyses of 18 ICH patients to delineate peripheral blood genes and networks associated with ICH volume, absolute perihematomal edema (aPHE) volume, and relative PHE (aPHE/ICH; rPHE). We found 440, 266, and 391 genes correlated with ICH and aPHE volumes and rPHE, respectively (p < 0.005, partial-correlation > |0.6|). These mainly represented inflammatory pathways including NF-κB, TREM1, and Neuroinflammation Signaling—most activated with larger volumes. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis identified seven modules significantly correlated with these measures (p < 0.05). Most modules were enriched in neutrophil, monocyte, erythroblast, and/or T cell-specific genes. Autophagy, apoptosis, HIF-1α, inflammatory and neuroinflammatory response (including Toll-like receptors), cell adhesion (including MMP9), platelet activation, T cell receptor signaling, and mRNA splicing were represented in these modules (FDR p < 0.05). Module hub genes, potential master regulators, were enriched in neutrophil-specific genes in three modules. Hub genes included NCF2, NCF4, STX3, and CSF3R, and involved immune response, autophagy, and neutrophil chemotaxis. One module that correlated negatively with ICH volume correlated positively with rPHE. Its genes and hubs were enriched in T cell-specific genes including hubs LCK and ITK, Src family tyrosine kinases whose modulation improved outcomes and reduced BBB dysfunction following experimental ICH. This study uncovers molecular underpinnings associated with ICH and PHE volumes and pathophysiology in human ICH, where knowledge is scarce. The identified pathways and hub genes may represent novel therapeutic targets.
Seeing beyond COVID-19: understanding the impact of the pandemic on oncology, and the importance of preparedness
Authors: Carrieri Daniele , Peccatori Fedro Alessandro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe impact of this pandemic is not only through COVID-19 itself: the care for non-COVID-19 related conditions has been dramatically curtailed, shaking entire healthcare services around the world. Amongst the non-COVID-19 related conditions, oncology has been disproportionally affected. We discuss how oncology has changed since the acute phase of the pandemic; its impact on clinicians, trainees, and patients; and offer some medical and historical perspectives to reflect on how this impact could be reduced.
Synthesis and Characterization of Montmorillonite-Supported Tio2 Composites for Enhanced UV Absorption
Authors: Kim Daeyoung , Kim Daniel , Kim Jaehwan , Park Changyun , Roh Ki-Min , Kang Il-Mo , Seo Sung Man 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2, rutile) nanoparticles, inorganic ultraviolet absorbers, are used extensively in sunscreen cosmetics as an inorganic ultraviolet (UV) absorber to prevent skin damage; because of their nanotoxicity, use in combination with a support, such as montmorillonite (Mnt), rather than alone, is suggested. Mnt-supported TiO2 composites (Mnt-TiO2) for sunscreens are most suitable when the particles are spherical and of relatively uniform size, which are normally accomplished by spray drying, but this is difficult to achieve because of the naturally layered structure of Mnt. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to find the ideal characteristics of spray-drying nozzles to produce the desired spherical shape and size distribution of the Mnt-TiO2 composite particles. The starting Mnt was extracted from natural bentonite by particle-size separation. An ultrasonic nozzle in the spray dryer was selected for use in the synthesis of Mnt-TiO2 composites based on the particle-size distribution (PSD) of Mnt prepared using a two-fluid nozzle and an ultrasonic nozzle at 453 K. The incorporation of TiO2 in the final Mnt-TiO2 composites was examined by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and elemental analysis. With increasing TiO2 concentration, the TiO2 content and average particle size of the Mnt-TiO2 composites increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that all samples prepared had uniform and nearly spherical shapes. Absorbance of UV by Mnt-TiO2 (5:1) composites was greater than that by either purified Mnts or pure TiO2. The present study demonstrated a simple method, using a spray dryer with an ultrasonic nozzle, to synthesize Mnt-TiO2 composites of uniform size and shape suitable for cosmetic application.
Recent advances in facilitated transport membranes for olefin/paraffin separation
Authors: Cheng Long , Liu Gongping , Jin Wanqin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the development of the petrochemical industry, the demand for light olefins is rapidly increasing. The separation of olefin/paraffin by membrane technology can save energy consumption and improve separation efficiency. This article reviews the latest progress in facilitated transport membranes for olefin/paraffin separation. The separation mechanism and common types of facilitated transport membranes are briefly introduced. Meanwhile, the mechanism of carrier deactivation and the corresponding strategies to improve the stability of the membranes are summarized. In concluding, current developments regarding facilitated transport membranes are summarized and directions for future development are proposed.
Adherence of the General Public to Self-Protection Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jabbari Parnian , Taraghikhah Nazanin , Jabbari Forouq , Ebrahimi Saied , Rezaei Nima 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly growing due to a high level of contagiousness. Different measures have been taken to slow the spread of the virus. Appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of these key measures. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated adherence of the general public to use of PPE and their knowledge regarding the rationale behind their use.Methods:Two samples were chosen from public places (a subway station and a city store) in Tehran, Iran, one of the countries affected by COVID-19. Individuals were observed for appropriate use of PPE and interviewed regarding their knowledge on some basic self-protection information.Results:Approximately half of the 431 participants did not take any measures to ensure hand hygiene, whereas those who did not use respiratory protection were far fewer. A considerable number of individuals, however, did not use these PPE correctly. On the other hand, there was a gap in the knowledge of the general public regarding different aspects of protective measures. The majority of the participants were receptive toward education on preventive measurements through public media.Conclusion:Education is an important aspect in containing the COVID-19 pandemic, as it directly increases adherence of the general public to protective measures.
A Machine Learning‐Based Detection of Earthquake Precursors Using Ionospheric Data
Authors: Akyol A. A. , Arikan O. , Arikan F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDetection of precursors of strong earthquakes is a challenging research area. Recently, it has been shown that strong earthquakes affect electron distribution in the regional ionosphere with indirectly observable changes in the ionospheric delays of GPS signals. Especially, the total electron content (TEC) estimated from GPS data can be used in the seismic precursor detection for strong earthquakes. Although physical mechanisms are not well understood yet, GPS‐based seismic precursors can be observed days prior to the occurrence of the earthquake. In this study, a novel machine learning‐based technique, EQ‐PD, is proposed for detection of earthquake precursors in near real time based on GPS‐TEC data along with daily geomagnetic indices. The proposed EQ‐PD technique utilizes support vector machine (SVM) classifier to decide whether an observed spatiotemporal anomaly is related to an earthquake precursor or not. The data fed to the classifier are composed of spatiotemporal variability map of a region. Performance of the EQ‐PD technique is demonstrated in a case study over a region covering Italy in between the dates of 1 January 2014 and 30 September 2016. The data are partitioned into three nonoverlapping time periods, that are used for training, validation, and test of detecting precursors of earthquakes with magnitudes above 4 in Richter scale. The EQ‐PD technique is able to detect precursors in 17 out of 21 earthquakes while generating 7 false alarms during the validation period of 266 days and 22 out of 24 earthquakes while generating 13 false alarms during the test period of 282 days.
On the Formation of Wedge‐Like Ion Spectral Structures in the Nightside Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Ren Jie , Yang Fan , Yue Chao , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Fu Sui‐Yan , Wang Yongfu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent observations in the nightside inner magnetosphere have identified a series of wedge‐like spectral structures in the energy‐time spectrograms of oxygen, helium, and hydrogen ion fluxes. Although the shapes and distributions of these structures have been characterized by case and statistical studies, their formation mechanism remains unclear. Here we utilize a particle tracing model to reproduce the wedge‐like structures successively observed by the twin Van Allen Probes. The model suggests that these structures originate from intermittent substorm injection, and it is the accessibility region of these injected ions that determines their shapes. This mechanism is similar to the formation of another kind of structures, the inner magnetospheric nose‐like structures, except that the wedge‐like structures are separated from the tail population by the discontinuation of ion injections. This scenario is also supported by the distribution statistics of wedge‐like structures, which provides new insights into the dynamics of the magnetotail‐inner magnetosphere coupled system.
Baseflow Age Distributions and Depth of Active Groundwater Flow in a Snow‐Dominated Mountain Headwater Basin
Authors: Carroll Rosemary W. H. , Manning Andrew H. , Niswonger Richard , Marchetti David , Williams Kenneth H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeeper flows through bedrock in mountain watersheds could be important, but lack of data to characterize bedrock properties limits understanding. To address data scarcity, we combine a previously published integrated hydrologic model of a snow‐dominated, headwater basin of the Colorado River with a new method for dating baseflow age using dissolved gas tracers SF6, CFC‐113, N2, and Ar. The original flow model predicts the majority of groundwater flow through shallow alluvium (<8 m) sitting on top of less permeable bedrock. The water moves too quickly and is unable to reproduce observed SF6 concentrations. To match gas data, bedrock permeability is increased to allow a larger fraction of deeper and older groundwater flow (median 112 m). The updated hydrologic model indicates interannual variability in baseflow age (3–12 years) is controlled by the volume of seasonal interflow and tightly coupled to snow accumulation and monsoon rain. Deeper groundwater flow remains stable (11.7 ± 0.7 years) as a function mean historical recharge to bedrock hydraulic conductivity (R/K). A sensitivity analysis suggests that increasing bedrock K effectively moves this alpine basin away from its original conceptualization of hyperlocalized groundwater flow (high R/K) with groundwater age insensitive to changes in water inputs. Instead, this basin is situated close to the precipitation threshold defining recharge controlled groundwater flow conditions (low R/K) in which groundwater age increases with small reductions in precipitation. Work stresses the need to explore alternative methods characterizing bedrock properties in mountain basins to better quantify deeper groundwater flow and predict their hydrologic response to change.
Metastasis-directed therapy for oligometastasis and beyond
Authors: Beckham Thomas H. , Yang T. Jonathan , Gomez Daniel , Tsai C. Jillian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetastasis-directed therapy (MDT)—local therapy that is intended to eradicate specific metastatic lesions—has hitherto been used with varying degrees of clinical efficacy and acceptance as a meaningful therapy for metastatic disease. Over the past 25 years, however, the momentum for using MDT to manage patients with metastatic solid tumours has increased, driven by several factors. Among these factors is the recognition that patients with limited metastatic burden could potentially derive survival benefits from MDT. Furthermore, although current systemic therapies are increasingly effective, they are infrequently curative. In addition, technological advances have broadened the spectrum of metastatic lesions that can be treated with ablative intent. Here we aim to briefly review the status of evidence for the clinical benefit of MDT based on current data mainly from trials in patients with oligometastatic disease, discuss the myriad of clinical states that might fall under and beyond the definition of oligometastasis, review technological advances in MDT and their applications beyond oligometastasis, and discuss the need for the continued co-evolution of MDT and systemic therapy as we seek to understand which patients with metastatic cancer can achieve durable remission and how to optimally manage those who cannot.
Molecularly-porous ultrathin membranes for highly selective organic solvent nanofiltration
Authors: Huang Tiefan , Moosa Basem A. , Hoang Phuong , Liu Jiangtao , Chisca Stefan , Zhang Gengwu , AlYami Mram , Khashab Niveen M. , Nunes Suzana P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEngineering membranes for molecular separation in organic solvents is still a big challenge. When the selectivity increases, the permeability tends to drastically decrease, increasing the energy demands for the separation process. Ideally, organic solvent nanofiltration membranes should be thin to enhance the permeant transport, have a well-tailored nanoporosity and high stability in harsh solvents. Here, we introduce a trianglamine macrocycle as a molecular building block for cross-linked membranes, prepared by facile interfacial polymerization, for high-performance selective separations. The membranes were prepared via a two-in-one strategy, enabled by the amine macrocycle, by simultaneously reducing the thickness of the thin-film layers (<10 nm) and introducing permanent intrinsic porosity within the membrane (6.3 Å). This translates into a superior separation performance for nanofiltration operation, both in polar and apolar solvents. The hyper-cross-linked network significantly improved the stability in various organic solvents, while the amine host macrocycle provided specific size and charge molecular recognition for selective guest molecules separation. By employing easily customized molecular hosts in ultrathin membranes, we can significantly tailor the selectivity on-demand without compromising the overall permeability of the system.
Evidences for a role of two Y-specific genes in sex determination in Populus deltoides
Authors: Xue Liangjiao , Wu Huaitong , Chen Yingnan , Li Xiaoping , Hou Jing , Lu Jing , Wei Suyun , Dai Xiaogang , Olson Matthew S. , Liu Jianquan , Wang Mingxiu , Charlesworth Deborah , Yin Tongming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlmost all plants in the genus Populus are dioecious (i.e. trees are either male or female), but it is unknown whether dioecy evolved in a common ancestor or independently in different subgenera. Here, we sequence the small peritelomeric X- and Y-linked regions of P. deltoides chromosome XIX. Two genes are present only in the Y-linked region. One is a duplication of a non-Y-linked, female-specifically expressed response regulator, which produces siRNAs that block this gene’s expression, repressing femaleness. The other is an LTR/Gypsy transposable element family member, which generates long non-coding RNAs. Overexpression of this gene in A. thaliana promotes androecium development. We also find both genes in the sex-determining region of P. simonii, a different poplar subgenus, which suggests that they are both stable components of poplar sex-determining systems. By contrast, only the duplicated response regulator gene is present in the sex-linked regions of P. davidiana and P. tremula. Therefore, findings in our study suggest dioecy may have evolved independently in different poplar subgenera.
EZH2-mediated PP2A inactivation confers resistance to HER2-targeted breast cancer therapy
Authors: Bao Yi , Oguz Gokce , Lee Wee Chyan , Lee Puay Leng , Ghosh Kakaly , Li Jiayao , Wang Panpan , Lobie Peter E. , Ehmsen Sidse , Ditzel Henrik J. , Wong Andrea , Tan Ern Yu , Lee Soo Chin , Yu Qiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHER2-targeted therapy has yielded a significant clinical benefit in patients with HER2+ breast cancer, yet disease relapse due to intrinsic or acquired resistance remains a significant challenge in the clinic. Here, we show that the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit PPP2R2B is a crucial determinant of anti-HER2 response. PPP2R2B is downregulated in a substantial subset of HER2+ breast cancers, which correlates with poor clinical outcome and resistance to HER2-targeted therapies. EZH2-mediated histone modification accounts for the PPP2R2B downregulation, resulting in sustained phosphorylation of PP2A targets p70S6K and 4EBP1 which leads to resistance to inhibition by anti-HER2 treatments. Genetic depletion or inhibition of EZH2 by a clinically-available EZH2 inhibitor restores PPP2R2B expression, abolishes the residual phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4EBP1, and resensitizes HER2+ breast cancer cells to anti-HER2 treatments both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the same epigenetic mechanism also contributes to the development of acquired resistance through clonal selection. These findings identify EZH2-dependent PPP2R2B suppression as an epigenetic control of anti-HER2 resistance, potentially providing an opportunity to mitigate anti-HER2 resistance with EZH2 inhibitors.
Architecture of a SARS-CoV-2 mini replication and transcription complex
Authors: Yan Liming , Zhang Ying , Ge Ji , Zheng Litao , Gao Yan , Wang Tao , Jia Zhihui , Wang Haofeng , Huang Yucen , Li Mingyu , Wang Quan , Rao Zihe , Lou Zhiyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNon-structural proteins (nsp) constitute the SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription complex (RTC) to play a pivotal role in the virus life cycle. Here we determine the atomic structure of a SARS-CoV-2 mini RTC, assembled by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, nsp12) with a template-primer RNA, nsp7 and nsp8, and two helicase molecules (nsp13-1 and nsp13-2), by cryo-electron microscopy. Two groups of mini RTCs with different conformations of nsp13-1 are identified. In both of them, nsp13-1 stabilizes overall architecture of the mini RTC by contacting with nsp13-2, which anchors the 5′-extension of RNA template, as well as interacting with nsp7-nsp8-nsp12-RNA. Orientation shifts of nsp13-1 results in its variable interactions with other components in two forms of mini RTC. The mutations on nsp13-1:nsp12 and nsp13-1:nsp13-2 interfaces prohibit the enhancement of helicase activity achieved by mini RTCs. These results provide an insight into how helicase couples with polymerase to facilitate its function in virus replication and transcription.
Transcriptomic analysis of micropapillary high grade T1 urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Bowden Michaela , Nadal Rosa , Zhou Chensheng W. , Werner Lillian , Barletta Justine , Juanpere Nuria , Lloreta Josep , Hernandez-Llodrà Silvia , Morote Juan , de Torres Ines , Orsola Anna , Cejas Paloma , Long Henry , Bellmunt Joaquim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNo consensus currently exist on the optimal treatment of patients with high-risk nonmuscle invasive (HGT1) micropapillary variant of bladder cancer (MPBC). Transcripsome analysis may allow stratification of MPBC-HGT1 enabling prediction of recurrence and guide therapeutic management for individual patients. Whole transcriptome RNA-Sequencing of tumors from 23 patients with MPBC-HGT1 and 64 conventional urothelial carcinomas (cUC) (reference set) was performed. Differentially expressed genes between MPBC-HGT1 and cUC-HGT1 were explored. Cox proportional hazard models and Kapplan–Meier methods were used to assess the relation between time to progression (TTP) and individual gene expression adjusting for clinical covariates. Over 3000 genes were differentially expressed in MPBC-HGT1 as compared with cUC-HGT1 and a 26-gene signature is characteristic of MPBC within HGT1. A set of three genes; CD36, FAPB3 and RAETE1; were significantly associated with TTP. High expression of FABP3 and CD36 were associated with shorter TTP (p = 0.045 and p = 0.08) as was low expression of RAET1E (p = 0.01). Our study suggest that a 26-gene signature can define MPBC-HGT1 within conventional urothelial carcinomas. A prognostic risk index of three genes (FABP3, CD36 and RAET1E) was found to be associated with shorter TTP and may help classify a group of patients with MPBC-HGT1 with high-risk of early progression. These observations might have implications in terms of radical cystectomy recommendation in MPBC patients.