bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of poly‐d,l‐lactide based nanocomposites with polymer‐grafted silica by melt blending: Study of molecular, morphological, and mechanical properties
Authors: Régibeau Nicolas , Tilkin Rémi G. , Grandfils Christian , Heinrichs Benoît 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolylactide was first designed for the pharmaceutical and medical fields. Unfortunately, polylactide, especially poly‐d,l‐lactide (PDLLA), presents too low mechanical properties for a wide range of applications. The addition of silica nanoparticles should reinforce the mechanical strength of PDLLA. In order to improve silica/polymer interactions, this study focused on the preparation of polymer chain grafted silica using two grafting methods. The first strategy relied upon the ring opening polymerization ofd,l‐lactide on initiating silica surface (ie, “grafting from”). The second approach considered a sol‐gel synthesis process in presence of Si‐OR terminated polylactide chains to promote grafting of these chains on new silica particles (ie, “grafting to” method). Only “grafting from” silica successfully led to a nanoscale dispersion into the polyester matrix for silica content up to 5 wt%. A 3 wt% content of this silica allowed improving Young modulus of 106.0% and ultimate tensile stress of 63.7% compared to the PDLLA control.
Social cognition and cortisol in the general population: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ji Dongying , Flouri Eirini , Papachristou Efstathios 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis systematic review examines the evidence on the association between social cognition and cortisol in the general population. Literature was searched in six databases. Of the 401 studies identified, meta‐analyses were conducted on 46 effect sizes (Pearson's correlation coefficients) from 19 studies, supplemented by a narrative review. Pooled estimates suggest that better emotion control is associated with increased cortisol concentrations [r = 0.083, 95% CI (0.033, 0.132)]. Emotion recognition or empathy were not significantly associated with cortisol concentrations [r = 0.072, 95% CI (−0.020, 0.165) and r = 0.004, 95% CI (−0.061, 0.068) respectively]. Subgroup analyses showed that the association between emotion control and cortisol concentrations is significant in males, for morning cortisol, when the cortisol data are transformed to correct for skewed distributions, or when participants are instructed to avoid food and drink intake for at least one hour before sample collection. There was no evidence for an association between social cognition with diurnal cortisol slope or cortisol awakening response. More validation work with greater standardization of methodological procedures is required.
Association between symptoms of psychological distress and cognitive functioning among adults with coronary artery disease
Authors: Moazzami Kasra , Garcia Mariana , Young An , Almuwaqqat Zakaria , Lima Bruno B. , Martini Afif , Alkhalaf Mhmtjamil , Shah Amit J. , Goldstein Felicia C. , Hajjar Ihab , Levey Allan I. , Bremner J. Douglas , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Vaccarino Viola 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGreater psychological distress is associated with cognitive impairment in healthy adults. Whether such associations also exist in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is uncertain. We assessed cognitive function in 496 individuals with CAD using the verbal and visual memory subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale and executive functioning measured by the Trail Making Test Parts A and B. We used a composite score of psychological distress derived through summation of Z‐transformed psychological distress symptom scales (depression, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, anger, hostility and perceived stress) and scores for each individual psychological scale. Multivariable linear regression models were used to determine the association between memory scores (as outcomes) and the psychological distress scores (both composite score and individual scales). After adjusting for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, a higher psychological distress score was independently associated with worse memory and executive functioning. Each standard deviation increase in psychological distress score was associated with 3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1%–5%) to 5% (95% CI, 3–7%) worse cognitive performance (higher Trail A and Trail B, and lower verbal and visual memory scores). Among individuals with CAD, a higher level of psychological distress is independently associated with worse cognitive performance. These findings suggest that psychological risk factors play a role in cognitive trajectories of persons with CAD.
Infants' performance in the indirect false belief tasks: A second‐person interpretation
Authors: Barone Pamela , Gomila Antoni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch in the last 15 years has challenged the idea that false belief attribution develops at 4 years of age. Studies with indirect false belief tasks contend to provide evidence of false belief attribution in the second year of life. We review the literature on indirect false belief tasks carried out in infants using looking and active helping paradigms. Although the results are heterogeneous and not conclusive, such tasks appear to capture a real effect. However, it is misleading to call them “false belief” tasks, as it is possible to pass them without making any false belief attribution. Infants need to keep track of the object's and agent's positions, trajectories, and focus of attention, given an intentional understanding of the agent, to pass these new tasks. We, therefore, argue that the evidence can be better explained in terms of second‐person attributions, which are transparent, extensional, nonpropositional, reciprocally contingent, and implicit. Second‐person attributions can also account for primates' mentalizing abilities, as revealed by similar indirect tasks.This article is categorized under:Cognitive Biology > Cognitive DevelopmentPhilosophy > Foundations of Cognitive ScienceCognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Zero‐inflatedmodeling part I: Traditionalzero‐inflatedcount regression models, their applications, and computational tools
Authors: Young Derek S. , Roemmele Eric S. , Yeh Peng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCount regression models maintain a steadfast presence in modern applied statistics as highlighted by their usage in diverse areas like biometry, ecology, and insurance. However, a common practical problem with observed count data is the presence of excess zeros relative to the assumed count distribution. The seminal work of Lambert (1992) was one of the first articles to thoroughly treat the problem of zero‐inflated count data in the presence of covariates. Since then, a vast literature has emerged regarding zero‐inflated count regression models. In this first of two review articles, we survey some of the classic and contemporary literature on parametric zero‐inflated count regression models, with emphasis on the utility of different univariate discrete distributions. We highlight some of the primary computational tools available for estimating and assessing the adequacy of these models. We concurrently emphasize the diverse data problems to which these models have been applied.This article is categorized under:Statistical Models > Generalized Linear ModelsSoftware for Computational Statistics > Software/Statistical SoftwareAlgorithms and Computational Methods > Maximum Likelihood Methods
Hyperasymptotic approximation to the plaquette and determination of the gluon condensate
Authors: Ayala Cesar , Lobregat Xabier , Pineda Antonio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We give the hyperasymptotic expansion of the plaquette with a precision that includes the terminant associated to the leading renormalon. Subleading effects are also considered. The perturbative series is regulated using the principal value prescription for its Borel integral. We use this analysis to give a determination of the gluon condensate in SU(3) pure gluodynamics that is independent of the scale and renormalization scheme used for the coupling constant: $$ {\left\langle {G}^2\right\rangle}_{\mathrm{PV}}\left({n}_f=0\right)=3.15(18){r}_0^{-4} $$

G
2

PV

n
f

=
0

=
3.15

18

r
0

−
4

.
Revisiting the Melvin-Morton-Rozansky expansion, or there and back again
Authors: Banerjee Sibasish , Jankowski Jakub , Sułkowski Piotr 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alexander polynomial arises in the leading term of a semi-classical Melvin-Morton-Rozansky expansion of colored knot polynomials. In this work, following the opposite direction, we propose how to reconstruct colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials, superpolynomials, and newly introduced $$ \hat{Z} $$

Z
̂

invariants for some knot complements, from an appropriate rewriting, quantization and deformation of Alexander polynomial. Along this route we rederive conjectural expressions for the above mentioned invariants for various knots obtained recently, thereby proving their consistency with the Melvin-Morton-Rozansky theorem, and derive new formulae for colored superpolynomials unknown before. For a given knot, depending on certain choices, our reconstruction leads to equivalent expressions, which are either cyclotomic, or encode certain features of HOMFLY-PT homology and the knots-quivers correspondence.
Aktuelle Normwerte der Organgewichte und -indizes für die rechtsmedizinische Praxis, Teil 2
Authors: Holländer C. , Ackermann H. , Parzeller M. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungEinleitungDie Obduktion nimmt einen wichtigen Stellenwert in der Medizin ein, da sie nicht nur der Klärung der Todesart und -ursache eines Verstorbenen dient, sondern auch zum Verständnis der Pathophysiologie von Erkrankungen beiträgt. In diesem zweiten Teil der Studie wurden aktuelle Normwerte für das Gewicht für die folgenden adulten Organe entwickelt: Leber, Lunge, Milz, Nieren. Zudem wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen Organgewichten und der Todesart untersucht.Material und MethodenDie im Dreijahreszeitraum von 2011 bis 2013 im Institut für Rechtsmedizin in Frankfurt am Main durchgeführten Obduktionen wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Die statistischen Berechnungen erfolgten mithilfe des Programmes „BiAS. für Windows“ (epsilon-Verlag GbR, Hochheim-Darmstadt, Deutschland).ErgebnisseFolgende Normwerte bzw. -bereiche wurden an der Studienpopulation erhoben: Leber 1047,0–2740,0 g (♂,n = 191) bzw. 749,0–2182,0 g (♀,n = 115), linke Lunge 230,0–840,0 g (♂,n = 119) bzw. 186,8–891,3 g (♀,n = 97), rechte Lunge 249,3–1005,8 g (♂,n = 116) bzw. 215,3–907,5 g (♀,n = 100), Milz 55,0–373,2 g (♂,n = 306) bzw. 50,0–355,0 g (♀,n = 204), linke Niere 110,0–255,0 g (♂,n = 258) bzw. 71,8–215,0 g (♀,n = 137), rechte Niere 100,0–270,0 g (♂,n = 266) bzw. 75,0–212,1 g (♀,n = 140). Für die am stärksten mit Organgewichten korrelierenden Körpermaße, nämlich Body-Mass-Index (BMI), Körperoberfläche („body surface area“, BSA) und Körpergewicht, wurden nach Subgruppen getrennte Normwerte ermittelt. Ein signifikanter Unterschied des Organgewichtes je nach Todesart lag bei Männern bei der Milz und bei den Nieren vor. Bei Frauen war bei keinem der Organe ein von der Todesart abhängiger signifikanter Gewichtsunterschied feststellbar. Außerdem wurden Organindizes entwickelt, mittels derer der Anwender berechnen kann, ob ein Organgewicht, Körpermaßen bzw. Alter entsprechend, im Normbereich liegt.DiskussionOrgangewichte unterliegen wie Körpermaße einem säkularen Trend, welcher jedoch nicht linear und für jedes Organ individuell verläuft. Für die Auswertung von Organgewichten im Rahmen der Obduktion werden deshalb aktuelle, an einer vergleichbaren Population erhobene Normtabellen benötigt. Bei deren Erstellung können sowohl Fälle mit natürlichem als auch mit nichtnatürlichem Tod unter weitestgehendem Ausschluss pathologisch veränderter Organe herangezogen werden.
Questioning the radiation limits of life: Ignicoccus hospitalis between replication and VBNC
Authors: Koschnitzki Dagmar , Moeller Ralf , Leuko Stefan , Przybyla Bartos , Beblo-Vranesevic Kristina , Wirth Reinhard , Huber Harald , Rachel Reinhard , Rettberg Petra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRadiation of ionizing or non-ionizing nature has harmful effects on cellular components like DNA as radiation can compromise its proper integrity. To cope with damages caused by external stimuli including radiation, within living cells, several fast and efficient repair mechanisms have evolved. Previous studies addressing organismic radiation tolerance have shown that radiotolerance is a predominant property among extremophilic microorganisms including (hyper-) thermophilic archaea. The analysis of the ionizing radiation tolerance of the chemolithoautotrophic, obligate anaerobic, hyperthermophilic Crenarchaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis showed a D10-value of 4.7 kGy, fourfold exceeding the doses previously determined for other extremophilic archaea. The genome integrity of I. hospitalis after γ-ray exposure in relation to its survival was visualized by RAPD and qPCR. Furthermore, the discrimination between reproduction, and ongoing metabolic activity was possible for the first time indicating that a potential viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state may also account for I. hospitalis.
Epileptic seizures in multiple sclerosis: prevalence, competing causes and diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Neuß Friederike , von Podewils Felix , Wang Zhong Irene , Süße Marie , Zettl Uwe Klaus , Grothe Matthias 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is accompanied by an increased risk of epileptic seizures, but data with a detailed description of the competing causes are lacking.

Methods
We aimed to describe a cohort of patients with both MS and epileptic seizures in a retrospective, population-based study.

Results
We included 59 out of 2285 MS patients who had at least one epileptic seizure. Out of them, 22 had seizures before the diagnosis of MS, whereas epileptic seizures occurred after MS diagnosis in 37 patients, resulting in a total prevalence of epileptic seizures in MS of 2.6%. Competing causes could be found in 50.8% (30/59) of all patients, with 40.9% (9/22) compared to 56.8% (21/37) of the MS patients with seizures before vs after MS diagnosis. The main alternative causes were traumatic brain injury and cerebral ischemia accounting for more than 30% of the patients, with no difference between the subgroups. 33.3% and 55.6% of MS patients with seizures before/after MS diagnosis had documented pathological EEG alterations.

Conclusion
A remarkable percentage of MS patients with epileptic seizures do have alternative competing causes at the time of the first seizure. A detailed diagnostic setup including patient history, EEG and MRI is recommended in the evaluation and choice for the best treatment.
A Computational Treatment of Anaphora and Its Algorithmic Implementation
Authors: Bernardy Jean-Philippe , Chatzikyriakidis Stergios , Maskharashvili Aleksandre 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a framework capable of dealing with anaphora and ellipsis which is both general and algorithmic. This generality is ensured by the compination of two general ideas. First, we use a dynamic semantics which reperent effects using a monad structure. Second we treat scopes flexibly, extending them as needed. We additionally implement this framework as an algorithm which translates abstract syntax to logical formulas. We argue that this framework can provide a unified account of a large number of anaphoric phenomena. Specifically, we show its effectiveness in dealing with pronominal and VP-anaphora, strict and lazy pronouns, lazy identity, bound variable anaphora, e-type pronouns, and cataphora. This means that in particular we can handle complex cases like Bach–Peters sentences, which require an account dealing simultaneously with several phenomena. We use Haskell as a meta-language to present the theory, which also consitutes an implementation of all the phenomena discussed in the paper. To demonstrate coverage, we propose a test suite that can be used to evaluate computational approaches to anaphora.
Probability weighting for losses and for gains among smallholder farmers in Uganda
Authors: Verschoor Arjan , D’Exelle Ben 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProbability weighting is a marked feature of decision-making under risk. For poor people in rural areas of developing countries, how probabilities are evaluated matters for livelihoods decisions, especially the probabilities associated with losses. Previous studies of risky choice among poor people in developing countries seldom consider losses and do not offer a refined tracking of the probability-weighting function (PWF). We investigate probability weighting among smallholder farmers in Uganda, separately for losses and for gains, using a method (common consequence ladders) that allows refined tracking of the PWF for a population with low levels of literacy. For losses, we find marked probability weighting near zero, which is in line with evidence found in Western labs. For gains, the absence of probability weighting is remarkable, particularly its absence near 100%. We also find marked differences in probability weighting for traditional farmers which are in line with the observed livelihoods strategies in the study area.
Recognition of cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms in older patients with heart failure
Authors: Oud F. M. M. , Spies P. E. , Braam R. L. , van Munster B. C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Cognitive impairment and depression in patients with heart failure (HF) are common comorbidities and are associated with increased morbidity, readmissions and mortality. Timely recognition of cognitive impairment and depression is important for providing optimal care. The aim of our study was to determine if these disorders were recognised by clinicians and, secondly, if they were associated with hospital admissions and mortality within 6 months’ follow-up.

Methods
Patients (aged ≥65 years) diagnosed with HF were included from the cardiology outpatient clinic of Gelre Hospitals. Cognitive status was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (score ≤22). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (score >5). Patient characteristics were collected from electronic patient files. The clinician was blinded to the tests and asked to assess cognitive status and mood.

Results
We included 157 patients. Their median age was 79 years (65–92); 98 (62%) were male. The majority had New York Heart Association functional class II. Cognitive impairment was present in 56 (36%) patients. Depressive symptoms were present in 21 (13%) patients. In 27 of 56 patients (48%) cognitive impairment was not recognised by clinicians. Depressive symptoms were not recognised in 11 of 21 patients (52%). During 6 months’ follow-up 24 (15%) patients were readmitted for HF-related reasons and 18 (11%) patients died. There was no difference in readmission and mortality rate between patients with or without cognitive impairment and patients with or without depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
Cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms were infrequently recognised during outpatient clinic visits.
It’s Complicated: What Our Attitudes toward Pregnancy, Abortion, and Miscarriage Tell Us about the Moral Status of Early Fetuses
Authors: Chambers K. Lindsey 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany accounts of the morality of abortion assume that early fetuses must all have or lack moral status in virtue of developmental features that they share. Our actual attitudes toward early fetuses don’t reflect this all-or-nothing assumption. If we start with the assumption that our attitudes toward fetuses are accurately tracking their value, then we need an account of fetal moral status that can explain why it is appropriate to love some fetuses but not others. I argue that a fetus can come to have moral claims on persons who have taken up the activity of person-creation.
Property, the environment, and the Lockean Proviso
Authors: van der Vossen Bas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is common to posit a clear opposition between the values served by property systems and the value of the environment. To give the environment its due, this view holds, the role of private property needs to be limited. Support for this has been said to be found in Locke’s famous ‘enough and as good’ proviso. This article shows that this opposition is mistaken, and corrects the implied reading of Locke’s proviso. In reality, there is no opposition between property and the environment. This is shown using Locke’s theory of appropriation, as well as the real-life case of instream water appropriation.
Investigation of 18 physiologically dormant Australian native species: germination response, environmental correlations and the implications for conservation
Authors: Collette Justin C. , Ooi Mark K.J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor physiologically dormant (PD) species in fire-prone environments, dormancy can be both complex due to the interaction between fire and seasonal cues, and extremely deep due to long intervals between recruitment events. Due to this complexity, there are knowledge gaps particularly surrounding the dormancy depth and cues of long-lived perennial PD species. This can be problematic for both in situ and ex situ species management. We used germination experiments that tested seasonal temperature, smoke, dark and heat for 18 PD shrub species distributed across temperate fire-prone Australia and assessed how germination was correlated with environmental factors associated with their home environments. We found extremely high levels of dormancy, with only eight species germinating above 10% and three species producing no germination at all. Seven of these eight species had quite specific seasonal temperature requirements and/or very strong responses to smoke cues. The maximum germination for each species was positively correlated with the mean temperature of the source population but negatively correlated with rainfall seasonality and driest months. The strong dependence on a smoke cue for some of the study species, along with examples from other studies, provides evidence that an obligate smoke response could be a fire-adapted germination cue. Germination response correlated with rainfall season of the source populations is a pattern which has often been assumed but little comparative data across sites with different rainfall seasonality exists. Further investigation of a broader range of species from different rainfall season environments would help to elucidate this knowledge gap.