bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritage luxury brands: insight into consumer motivations across different age groups
Authors: Halwani Lama 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Despite growing attention to the heritage dimension of luxury brands, little research has been undertaken on how motivation may influence the consumption behavior of heritage luxury brand consumers. This study aims to provide insight into the complex interplay between consumers’ age and purchase motivations of heritage luxury brands.

Design/methodology/approach
Through the analysis of interview data with consumers of different age groups, this study takes a closer look at the consumer motivation underlying the consumption behavior of three different consumer age groups: late adolescents (16–25 years old), middle-aged adults (33–40 years) and older adults (67–74 years old).

Findings
This study delivered additional insights to the literature, especially in the areas of knowing how consumers are motivated when heritage is incorporated as a distinct dimension. The findings revealed that consumers themselves identify purchase drivers based on their perception of a brand’s investment values as “monetary appreciation,” “potential to become vintage” and “inheritance value.” Age differences also emerged in how participants discussed these themes and how they related to attitude functions, such as social-adjustive, utilitarian and hedonic.

Practical implications
Luxury brand managers should carefully consider age differences when planning their marketing initiatives. An awareness of consumers’ heritage luxury brand motivations of different ages will help practitioners better position their market offerings. The findings suggest that practitioners must recognize that there are likely to be differences in how different age group consumers respond to marketing initiatives and that consumer’s age is likely to play a key role in shaping the attitude of consumers. For older adult consumers, the optimal market offering would emphasize the inheritance value of heritage luxury brands. To that end, reinforcing attributes of nostalgia through the use of original logos, brand stories and classic designs is likely to be effective in targeting this age group. When targeting adolescents, heritage luxury brand managers need to take account of the changing consumption behavior of this age group, including their need to switch brands and adapt to their social surrounding. To provoke the purchase behavior of late-adolescent consumers, it seems that heritage luxury brand managers should draw on their image of social status enhancers.

Originality/value
In this study, a gap in the literature is addressed by focusing on an overlooked demographic variable as it relates to motivations toward heritage luxury. To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first study of its kind simultaneously considering heritage and luxury brand dimensions by exploring the motivations of consumers of different age groups.
Feeding and damage‐induced volatile cues make beetles disperse and produce a more even distribution of damage for sagebrush
Authors: Karban Richard , Yang Louie H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Induced plant responses to herbivory are common, and we have learned a lot about the mechanisms of induced resistance and their effects on herbivore performance. We know less about their effects on herbivore behaviour and especially on spatial patterns of damage.

Theoretical models predict that induced responses can cause patterns of damage to become aggregated, random or even. A recent model predicted that informed herbivore movement coupled with communication between plants would make damage more even within individual plants. We tested these predictions in the field using a specialist beetle Trirhabda pilosa that feeds on sagebrush Artemisia tridentata. Both the beetle and the plant are well‐documented to respond to damage‐induced volatile cues.

Beetle larvae were more likely to move from damaged leaves and leaves that had been exposed to volatiles from nearby damaged leaves compared to undamaged control leaves. Previous laboratory results indicated that beetles were more likely to choose undamaged leaves compared to damaged leaves or those exposed to volatile cues of damage.

A comparison of damage patterns early in the season and after completion of beetle feeding revealed that variance in damage among branches decreased as the season progressed; that is, damage became more evenly distributed among the branches within a plant. Larvae damaged many leaves on a plant but removed relatively little tissue from each leaf.

Herbivore movement and the spatial patterns of damage that it creates can be important in determining effects on plant fitness and other population processes. Dispersion of damage deserves more consideration in plant–herbivore studies.
The effect of root‐associated microbes on plant growth and chemical defence traits across two contrasted elevations
Authors: Formenti Ludovico , Caggìa Veronica , Puissant Jérémy , Goodall Tim , Glauser Gaétan , Griffiths Robert , Rasmann Sergio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Ecotypic differences in plant growth and anti‐herbivore defence phenotypes are determined by the complex interactions between the abiotic and the biotic environment.

Root‐associated microbes (RAMs) are pervasive in nature, vary over climatic gradients and have been shown to influence the expression of multiple plant functional traits related to biomass accumulation and biotic interactions. We addressed how variation in climatic conditions between lowland and subalpine habitats in the Alps and RAMs can independently or interactively affect plant growth and anti‐herbivore defence trait expression.

To address the contribution of climate and RAMs on growth and chemical defences of high‐ and low‐elevation Plantago major ecotypes, we performed a full‐factorial reciprocal transplant field experiment at two elevations. We coupled it with plant functional trait measurements and metabolomics analyses.

We found that local growing climatic conditions mostly influenced how the ecotypes grew, but we also found that the high‐ and low‐elevation ecotypes improved biomass accumulation if in the presence of their own‐elevation RAMs. We also found that while chemical defence expression was affected by climate, they were also more highly expressed when plants were inoculated with low‐elevation RAMs.

Synthesis. Our research demonstrated that root‐associated microbes (RAMs) from contrasted elevations impact how plants grow or synthesize toxic secondary metabolites. At low elevation, where biotic interactions are stronger, RAMs enhance plant biomass accumulation and the production of toxic secondary metabolites.
From quantified to qualculated age: the health pragmatics of biological age measurement
Authors: Moreira Tiago , Hansen Asger Aarup , Lassen Aske Juul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest, within the social sciences, in understanding self‐quantification and how it affects health practices in contemporary society. There is, however, less research on how ageing and health measurement relate, even though this relationship has become more pertinent with the growing availability of services and devices offering biological, personalised age measurements, from simple online questionnaires to telomere length quantification. Little is known about who uses these devices, why they use them and the socio‐technical implications of such uses. To explore these issues, we conducted semi‐structured interviews and focus groups with users of measurements of biological age (BA) in Denmark. We found that participants engage with the measurements with a degree of scepticism regarding their technical validity, reliability and sensitivity. Rather than seeking an exact biological quantification, participants use measurements as a pragmatic, rough indication of individual health. We develop a conceptual model to understand participants’ engagement with BA measurements, which suggests that, instead of a substitution of chronological age for BA, users gauge the difference between the two to qualify their present and future individual trajectory in a lay model of the relationship between functional capacity and age.
The organizational justice effect among criminal justice employees: A meta‐analysis*
Authors: Wolfe Scott E. , Lawson Spencer G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganizational justice has been shown to be an important predictor of criminal justice employees’ work‐related perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. In this study, we take stock of the organizational justice effect on criminal justice employees’ work outcomes by subjecting the literature to a meta‐analysis. Multilevel modeling based on 1,924 effect size estimates drawn from 143 studies (95 independent data sets) was used to establish the empirical status of the organizational justice effect. The results indicate a sizeable relationship between organizational justice and justice system employee work outcomes (Mz = .256, CI = [.230, .283]). The findings also demonstrate that the organizational justice effect size varies slightly across several methodological variations. Specifically, the organizational justice effect size is larger when the concept is measured with scales that contain survey items tapping into all four dimensions of justice. Also, we found that outcome type, presence of confounding mechanisms, research design, and sample characteristics moderate the justice effect. We conclude that organizational justice theory is a useful framework for developing a more theoretically informed understanding of justice system employees’ work outcomes. We discuss the theoretical implications of the meta‐analytic findings and avenues for future research based on the results.
Evaluating the effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom on the expression of insulin sensitivity and inflammation‐related genes in co‐culture of adipocytes and macrophages
Authors: Kim Hee‐Yeon , Jo Min Jeong , Nam So Yung , Kim Kwang Min , Choi Moon Bo , Lee Yong‐Ho 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObese adipose tissue is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy and a massive macrophage infiltration. The interaction between macrophages with mature adipocytes releases pro‐inflammatory cytokines. This chronic inflammatory state can contribute to obesity‐related complications, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we can attempt to prevent and treat obesity‐related diseases by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and blocking their interaction with adipocytes. Honey bee (Apis mellifera) venom (BV) has been reported to have anti‐inflammatory effects. Although BV is used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, few studies have addressed its use in obesity‐associated inflammation. This study examines the inhibitory effects of BV on lipid accumulation in differentiating preadipocytes, inflammation, and insulin resistance in macrophages and adipocyte‐macrophage co‐culture system. We treated 3 T3‐L1 preadipocytes with BV during differentiation. We later measured lipid accumulation and gene expression of master adipogenic transcription factors. After RAW264.7 and 3 T3‐L1 cells were pretreated with BV, RAW264.7 cells were activated with LPS or co‐cultured with pretreated 3 T3‐L1 cells. Gene expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and insulin sensitizing genes was measured in these cells. BV inhibited lipid accumulation and C/EBPα and PPARγ gene expression during intermediate and late 3 T3‐L1 cell differentiation. BV also suppressed gene expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (COX‐2, iNOS, MCP‐1, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6) in LPS‐stimulated macrophages, and in co‐culture of 3 T3‐L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages. However, adiponectin and GLUT‐4 expression were both significantly increased by BV in co‐culture. These findings demonstrate that BV attenuates adipocyte hypertrophy and improves obesity‐related inflammation and insulin resistance in obese adipose tissue.
Hospitalization Is Less Common in Ambulatory Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosed Before Emergency Department Referral Than After Arrival
Authors: Vinson David R. , Bath Harjot , Huang Jie , Reed Mary E. , Mark Dustin G. ,   CREST Network
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmergency department (ED) patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) may undergo diagnostic pulmonary imaging as an outpatient before referral to the ED for definitive management. This population has not been well characterized.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included ambulatory adults with acute objectively confirmed PE across 21 EDs in an integrated health care system from January 1, 2013, through April 30, 2015. We excluded patients arriving by ambulance. We compared outpatients with diagnostic pulmonary imaging in the 12 hours prior to ED arrival (the clinic‐based cohort) with those receiving imaging for PE only after ED arrival. We reported adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hospitalization, adjusted for race, presyncope or syncope, proximal clot location, and PE Severity Index class.ResultsAmong 2,352 eligible ED patients with acute PE, 344 (14.6%) had a clinic‐based diagnosis. This cohort had lower PE Severity Index classification and were less likely to be hospitalized than their counterparts with an ED‐based diagnosis: 80.8% vs. 92.0% (p < 0.0001). The inverse association with hospitalization persisted after adjusting for the above patient characteristics with aOR of 0.36 (95% CI = 0.26 to 0.50).ConclusionIn the study setting, ambulatory outpatients with acute PE are commonly diagnosed before ED arrival. A clinic‐based diagnosis of PE identifies ED patients less likely to be hospitalized. Research is needed to identify which patients with a clinic‐based PE diagnosis may not require transfer to the ED before home discharge.
Increased Responding for Alcohol and Resistance to Aversion in Female Mice
Authors: Sneddon Elizabeth A. , Ramsey Olivia R. , Thomas Annemarie , Radke Anna K. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundMore women are being diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD), are increasing the amount of alcohol they are drinking, and are partaking in risky drinking behaviors. Compulsive drinking which persists despite negative consequences is a hallmark of AUD. Preclinical aversion‐resistant models suggest that females may be more vulnerable to the rewarding effects of alcohol such that they show increased compulsivity when drinking is punished with quinine, a bitter tastant.MethodsMale and female C57BL/6J mice were trained in an operant response task on a first‐order fixed ratio schedule. Experiment 1 tested responding for escalating concentrations (10 to 25%) of ethanol (EtOH). Experiment 2 assessed the effects of increasing concentrations of quinine (100, 250, or 500 μM) on responding for 10% EtOH followed by a 48‐hour 2‐bottle choice quinine preference test. Experiment 3 investigated the effects of increasing concentrations of quinine (100, 250, or 500 μM) on responding for 2.5% sucrose.ResultsExperiment 1 revealed that females respond more than males for 15% EtOH. Experiment 2 showed that females tolerate higher concentrations of quinine in EtOH than males. Males reduced responding for 10% EtOH when adulterated with 250 or 500 µM of quinine, while females did not reduce responding at any concentration of quinine. Males and females also exhibited similar preference for quinine in a 2‐bottle drinking task. Experiment 3 demonstrated that both males and females reduced responding for 2.5% sucrose when quinine (100, 250, or 500 μM) was added.ConclusionsFemales respond more for EtOH at higher concentrations and continue to respond for 10% EtOH at all concentrations of quinine, suggesting that female mice are more motivated to respond for EtOH in an operant self‐administration paradigm than males. Understanding behavioral and mechanistic sex differences in responding for alcohol will allow for the advancement of treatments for women with AUD.
Difficulties in Daily Living Experienced by Adolescents, Transition‐Aged Youth, and Adults With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: McLachlan Kaitlyn , Flannigan Katherine , Temple Valerie , Unsworth Kathy , Cook Jocelynn L. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIndividuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) experience a range of problems in their cognitive, affective, and physical functioning following prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), in addition to multiple complex difficulties in daily living that impact well‐being. Using the Canadian National FASD Database, we sought to profile a range of difficulties in daily living, along with risk factors, in a large cross‐sectional cohort of adolescents, transition‐aged youth, and adults with PAE, of which a subset was ultimately diagnosed with FASD.MethodsWe summarized data for 9 current difficulties in daily living reported at the time of diagnostic assessment for 726 individuals with PAE assessed at 26 FASD diagnostic clinics across Canada, including 443 adolescents (12 to 17 years), 135 transition‐aged youth (18 to 24 years), and 148 adults (25 to 60 years). Difficulties included problems related to school disruption, employment, independent living needs, supportive or sheltered housing, legal problems with victimization, legal problems with offending, incarceration, alcohol misuse, and other substance misuse. Risk factors included age, gender, living placement, postnatal trauma, and neurodevelopmental impairment.ResultsAcross the full PAE sample, adolescents, transition‐aged youth, and adults presented with high rates of difficulties in daily living, including independent living support needs (63%), alcohol misuse (38%), other substance misuse (46%), employment problems (37%), legal problems with offending (30%), assisted or sheltered housing (21%), school disruption (18%), legal problems with victimization (4%), and incarceration (3%). Difficulty rates were similar for those with FASD irrespective of diagnosis (e.g., with or without sentinel facial features), but rates greater for adults, and those with low overall intellectual functioning (IQ < 70). Controlling for age and IQ, cumulative difficulty was independently associated with gender, living placement, and neurodevelopmental impairment.ConclusionsAdolescents, transition‐aged youth, and adults with FASD experienced a range of substantial and complex difficulties at the time of their diagnostic assessment, signaling a high level of service needs. These findings underscore the importance of developmentally informed assessment continued through childhood, as well as ongoing functional and needs‐based service provision as youth with FASD transition to adulthood and beyond.
How Settlement Locations and Local Networks Influence Immigrant Political Integration
Authors: Bratsberg Bernt , Ferwerda Jeremy , Finseraas Henning , Kotsadam Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo what extent do early experiences in the host country shape the political integration of immigrants? We argue that the initial neighborhoods immigrants settle in establish patterns of behavior that influence subsequent political participation. Using Norwegian administrative register data, we leverage quasi‐exogenous variation in the placement of refugees to assess the consequences of assignment to particular neighborhoods. We find that the difference in turnout between refugees initially placed in 20th and 80th percentile neighborhoods is 12.6 percentage points, which represents 47% of the participation gap between refugees and residents. To assess the mechanism, we draw on individual‐level data on all neighbors present at the time of each refugee's arrival and then evaluate the relative impact of neighborhood characteristics and available social networks. Our findings suggest that while neighborhood socioeconomic factors play a limited role, early exposure to politically engaged neighbors and peer cohorts increases immigrants' turnout over the long run.
The Boiling Cauldron (an extract from Ask for the Road: A Memoir)
Authors: Grillo Laura S. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe very nature of fieldwork constructs the conditions for “exceptional experience.” Learning to inhabit an unfamiliar world and operate outside one’s normal frame of reference makes one vulnerable. The “participant observer” is inevitably changed. This may be especially true when the effort to bridge perspectives involves experimentation of a kind that not only engages the researcher in intense and intimate inquiry but also entangles her as an inextricable part of it. My investigation of the cryptic practice of divination in West Africa was such an entanglement. My memoir, Ask for the Road, is about my fieldwork on divination in Côte d'Ivoire—an investigation that, through the seers’ uncannily accurate readings, quickly turned into an exploration of my haunting past in that country. The diviners’ readings forced me to revisit the demise of my former marriage to an Ivoirian man and its continued hold on me. “The Boiling Cauldron,” a chapter from the memoir, is about a meeting with one of those diviners and a disturbing encounter that helped me decide to take leave of the past once and for all, and claim a new direction.
A functional assessment of the impact of changing grazing management of upland grassland mosaics
Authors: Pakeman Robin J. , Fielding Debbie A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuestionsHow do changes in grazing impact functional traits in habitat mosaics? Which habitats are sensitive to management changes?LocationMosaic of open upland habitats, including Agrostis–Festucaand Nardus grasslands, Carex and Molinia mires, bracken and wet heath, southern Highlands of Scotland, UK.MethodsFour grazing treatments were started in 2002: (a) Continued grazing at 0.9 ewe/ha (control); (2) High — 2.7 ewe/ha; (c) Mixed — partial substitution of sheep by cattle; and (d) None. Vegetation was sampled at 25 permanently marked locations per plot every three years. Analysis assessed how grazing affected community‐weighted means of selected traits at the whole plot level and community level.ResultsWhole plot level changes in trait means were negligible apart from a small reduction in height in the High and Mixed treatments and a shift to earlier flowering in the High treatment. At the community level, increased grazing generally led to a reduction in canopy height and earlier flowering. Both increased and reduced grazing reduced leaf dry matter content (LDMC) in the most preferred community, Agrostis–Festucagrassland, but reduced grazing increased LDMC in the least preferred community, wet heath. Cattle grazing reduced LDMC in both Agrostis–Festucagrassland and wet heath and reduced height in bracken.ConclusionsDespite significant changes in grazing there were only small changes in trait means over 15 years. The most preferred communities were less sensitive to grazing removal than expected; few species present can take advantage of reduced grazing. The least preferred communities were more sensitive to grazing removal than expected; they still contain species capable of exploiting this. The presence of more preferred communities in each plot meant increased grazing has less impact on communities of moderate and low preference. Cattle impacts were highest in the communities most sensitive to trampling, bracken and wet heath.