bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysubstance use and association with opioid use disorder treatment in the US Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Lin Lewei A. , Bohnert Amy S. B. , Blow Frederic C. , Gordon Adam J. , Ignacio Rosalinda V. , Kim H. Myra , Ilgen Mark A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo understand the role of comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs), or polysubstance use, in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), this study compared patients with OUD only to those with additional SUDs and examined association with OUD treatment receipt.Design, setting and participantsRetrospective national cohort study of Veterans diagnosed with OUD (n = 65 741) receiving care from the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA) in fiscal year (FY) 2017.MeasurementsPatient characteristics were compared among those diagnosed with OUD only versus those with one other SUD (OUD + 1 SUD) and with multiple SUDs (OUD + ≥ 2 SUDs). The study examined the relationship between comorbid SUDs and receipt of buprenorphine, methadone and SUD outpatient treatment during 1‐year follow‐up, adjusting for patient demographic characteristics and clinical conditions.FindingsAmong the 65 741 Veterans with OUD in FY 2017, 41.2% had OUD only, 22.9% had OUD + 1 SUD and 35.9% had OUD + ≥ 2 SUDs. Common comorbid SUDs included alcohol use disorder (41.3%), cocaine/stimulant use disorder (30.0%) and cannabis use disorder (22.4%). Adjusting for patient characteristics, patients with OUD + 1 SUD [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.82–0.93] and patients with OUD +≥ 2 SUDs (aOR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.61–0.69) had lower odds of receiving buprenorphine compared with OUD only patients. There were also lower odds of receiving methadone for patients with OUD + 1 SUD (aOR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.86–0.97)and for those with OUD + ≥2 SUDs (aOR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.74–0.84). Patients with OUD + 1 SUD (aOR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.77–1.93) and patients with OUD + ≥2 SUDs (aOR = 3.25, 95% CI = 3.103.41) were much more likely to have a SUD clinic visit.ConclusionsThe majority of Veterans in the US Veterans Health Administration diagnosed with opioid use disorder appeared to have at least one comorbid substance use disorder and many have multiple substance use disorders. Despite the higher likelihood of a substance use disorder clinic visit, having a non‐opioid substance use disorder is associated with lower likelihood of buprenorphine treatment, suggesting the importance of addressing polysubstance use within efforts to expand treatment for opioid use disorder.
Expanding the phenotype spectrum associated with pathogenic variants in the COL2A1 and COL11A1 genes
Authors: Čopíková Jana , Paděrová Jana , Románková Věra , Havlovicová Markéta , Balaščáková Miroslava , Zelinová Michaela , Vejvalková Šárka , Simandlová Martina , Štěpánková Jana , Hořínová Věra , Kantorová Eva , Křečková Gabriela , Pospíšilová Jana , Boday Arpád , Meszarosová Anna Uhrová , Turnovec Marek , Votýpka Pavel , Lišková Petra , Kremlíková Pourová Radka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report the clinical findings of 26 individuals from 16 unrelated families carrying variants in the COL2A1 or COL11A1 genes. Using Sanger and next‐generation sequencing, 11 different COL2A1 variants (seven novel), were identified in 13 families (19 affected individuals), all diagnosed with Stickler syndrome (STL) type 1. In nine families, the COL2A1 disease‐causing variant arose de novo. Phenotypically, we observed myopia (95%) and retinal detachment (47%), joint hyperflexibility (92%), midface retrusion (84%), cleft palate (53%), and various degrees of hearing impairment (50%). One patient had a splenic artery aneurysm. One affected individual carrying pathogenic variant in COL2A1 showed no ocular signs including no evidence of membranous vitreous anomaly. In three families (seven affected individuals), three novel COL11A1 variants were found. The propositus with a de novo variant showed an ultrarare Marshall/STL overlap. In the second family, the only common clinical sign was postlingual progressive sensorineural hearing impairment (DFNA37). Affected individuals from the third family had typical STL2 signs. The spectrum of disease phenotypes associated with COL2A1 or COL11A1 variants continues to expand and includes typical STL and various bone dysplasias, but also nonsyndromic hearing impairment, isolated myopia with or without retinal detachment, and STL phenotype without clinically detectable ocular pathology.
Assessment of 5‐Aminolaevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy (ALA‐PDT) in Chinese patients with actinic keratosis: Correlation of dermoscopic features with histopathology
Authors: Jin Qiuzi , Li Weiwei , Wu Wenting , Zhang Hua , Zhao Fang , Zhang Qian , Zhang Chunlei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe study examines the changes in dermoscopic features of actinic keratosis (AK) after photodynamic therapy, and delineates the association between AK dermoscopic and histopathological findings.MethodsA total of 21 patients (23 lesions) with pathologically confirmed actinic keratosis who received 5‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) were enrolled. The numbers of PDT treatments were: 1, n = 1; 2, n = 2; 3, n = 10; 4, n = 6; 5, n = 2; 6, n = 2). The dermoscopic features before and after the PDT were compared.ResultsThere were statistically significant decreases in the positive rates of dermoscopic features including scales (P < 0.001), follicular plugs with whitish halo (P = 0.013), and red pseudonetwork (P = 0.022) among patients treated with ALA‐PDT. Dermoscopic feature was significantly associated with pathological grade (P < 0.001). Histopathological hyperkeratosis was significantly associated with dermoscopic red pseudonetwork (P = 0.034) and wavy vessel (P = 0.005). Parakeratosis was associated with wavy vessels (P = 0.001). For vascular hyperplasia in dermal papillae, the significant correlates included scales (P = 0.011), follicular plugs with whitish halo (P = 0.011), red pseudonetwork (P < 0.001); coiled vessels (P = 0.003) and rosette sign (P = 0.004). Wavy vessels was the only feature correlating keratosis pilaris (P = 0.003).ConclusionsThe findings of the present study support dermoscopy as having potential to be useful for diagnosing and monitoring of actinic keratosis.
Having a baby in your 40s with assisted reproductive technology: The reproductive dilemma of autologous versus donor oocytes
Authors: Hogan Rosemarie G. , Wang Alex Y. , Li Zhuoyang , Hammarberg Karin , Johnson Louise , Mol Ben W. , Sullivan Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIncreasing numbers of women ≥40 years old are accessing assisted reproductive technology (ART) due to age‐related infertility. There is limited population‐based evidence about the impact on the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) of women aged ≥40 years using their own oocytes, compared to women of a similar age, using donor oocytes.AimsTo compare the CLBR for women ≥40 years undergoing ART using autologous oocytes and women of similar age using donor oocytes.Materials and MethodsThis population‐based retrospective cohort study used data from all women aged ≥40 years undergoing ART with donated (n = 987) or autologous oocytes (n = 19 170) in Victoria, Australia between 2009 and 2016. A discrete‐time survival model was used to evaluate the CLBR following ART with donor or autologous oocytes. The odds ratio, adjusted for woman’s age; male age; parity; cause of infertility; and the associated 95% confidence intervals (CI), were calculated. The numbers needed to be exposed (NNEs) were calculated from the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and the CLBR in the autologous group.ResultsThe CLBR ranged from 28.6 to 42.5% in the donor group and from 12.5% to 1.4% in the autologous group. The discrete‐time survival analysis with 95% CI demonstrated significant aOR on CLBR across all ages (range aOR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.62–4.01 to aOR: 15.40, 95% CI: 9.10–26.04).ConclusionsWomen aged ≥40 years, using donor oocytes had a significantly higher CLBR than women using autologous oocytes. The findings can be used when counselling women ≥40 years about their ART treatment options and to inform public policy.
Letter: thromboembolic and cardiovascular events with tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis—two cases in real world clinical practice. Authors’ reply
Authors: Sandborn William J. , Panés Julian , Sands Bruce E. , Reinisch Walter , Su Chinyu , Lawendy Nervin , Koram Nana , Fan Haiyun , Jones Thomas V. , Modesto Irene , Quirk Daniel , Danese Silvio 
Published: May 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Sandborn et al and Kotze papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15514 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15652.
Navigating conflicts of justice in the use of race and ethnicity in precision medicine
Authors: Schaefer G. Owen , Tai E. Shyong , Sun Shirley Hsiao‐Li 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGiven the sordid history of injustices linking genetics to race and ethnicity, considerations of justice are central to ensuring the responsible development of precision medicine programmes around the world. While considerations of justice may be in tension with other areas of concern, such as scientific value or privacy, there are also tensions between different aspects of justice. This paper focuses on three particular aspects of justice relevant to this precision medicine: social justice, distributive justice and human rights. We describe the implications of each for the use of race and ethnicity in precision medicine, and also how they intersect and potentially conflict with each another. By attending to these intersections, we aim to enrich and add nuance to debates over how best to proceed with precision medicine initiatives.
Longitudinal follow‐up of patients with thalassaemia intermedia who started transfusion therapy in adulthood: a cohort study
Authors: Ricchi Paolo , Meloni Antonella , Pistoia Laura , Spasiano Anna , Rita Gamberini Maria , Maggio Aurelio , Gerardi Calogera , Messina Giuseppe , Campisi Saveria , Allò Massimo , Renne Stefania , Righi Riccardo , Midiri Massimo , Positano Vincenzo , Filosa Aldo , Pepe Alessia 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWe longitudinally evaluated the effects of regular blood transfusions (BTs), in the real‐life context of the Myocardial Iron Overload in Thalassaemia network, in patients with thalassaemia intermedia (TI). We considered 88 patients with TI (52 females) who started regular BTs after the age of 18 years. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify iron overload and biventricular function. For 56·8% of the patients there were more than two indications for the transition to regular BTs, with anaemia present in 94·0% of the cases. A significant decrease in nucleated red blood cells, platelets, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, and uric acid levels was detected 6 months after starting regular BTs. After the transition to the regular BT regimen there was a significant increase only in the frequency of hypothyroidism and osteopenia, and a significant decrease in liver iron and cardiac index. The percentage of chelated patients increased significantly after starting regular BTs. The decision to regularly transfuse patients with TI may represent a way to prevent or slow down the natural progression of the disease, despite the more complex initial management.
Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists: from caffeine to selective non‐xanthines
Authors: Jacobson Kenneth A. , Gao Zhan‐Guo , Matricon Pierre , Eddy Matthew T. , Carlsson Jens 
Published: May 2020

A long evolution of knowledge of the psychostimulant caffeine led in the 1960s to another purine natural product, adenosine and its A2A receptor. Adenosine is a short‐lived autocrine/paracrine mediator that acts pharmacologically at four different adenosine receptors in a manner opposite to the pan‐antagonist caffeine and serves as an endogenous allostatic regulator. Although detrimental in the developing brain, caffeine appears to be cerebroprotective in aging. Moderate caffeine consumption in adults, except in pregnancy, may also provide benefit in pain, diabetes, and kidney and liver disorders. Inhibition of A2A receptors is one of caffeine's principal effects and we now understand this interaction at the atomic level. The A2A receptor has become a prototypical example of utilizing high‐resolution structures of GPCRs for the rational design of chemically diverse drug molecules. The previous focus on discovery of selective A2A receptor antagonists for neurodegenerative diseases has expanded to include immunotherapy for cancer, and clinical trials have ensued.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Structure Guided Pharmacology of Membrane Proteins (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.14/issuetoc
Atraumatic restorative treatments improve child oral health‐related quality of life: A noninferiority randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arrow Peter , Forrest Helen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesManagement of dental caries under dental general anaesthesia (DGA) in young children improves their quality of life. A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to test the changes in oral health‐related quality of life among children treated under a DGA or managed using the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment and Hall crown approaches (ARTs).MethodsChildren scheduled for a DGA for the management of dental caries after assessment at the Oral Health Centre of Western Australia were invited to participate. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Child oral health‐related quality of life (COHRQoL) was evaluated through the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and the child‐specific Caries Impacts and Experiences Questionnaire for Children (CARIES‐QC) at baseline and 12 months after consent. The changes in child oral health‐related quality of life were analysed on an intention‐to‐treat basis. Paired t‐test and Wilcoxon's matched‐pairs rank test were used for within‐group comparison and t‐test, Mann‐Whitney test, and test of proportions for between‐group comparisons. Linear regression was used for multivariable analyses of the follow‐up scores.ResultsSixty‐five parents/carers agreed to participate and were randomized (Test = 32; Control = 33). Mean age = 4.7 years, SD 1.1; 51% male. At baseline, there were no statistically significant differences in age and sex between the groups; however, the ARTs group reported higher ECOHIS scores. At follow‐up, both the ARTs and DGA groups had lower ECOHIS scores (20.7 vs 12.9 and 14.4 vs 13.3, respectively) and CARIES‐QC scores (12.6 vs 7.1 and 9.9 vs 8.4, respectively). The within‐group differences in the ARTs group were statistically significant while the differences in the DGA group were not, P < .01 and P > .05, respectively. In a linear regression of the follow‐up scores, being in the DGA group increased the follow‐up scores, but it was no longer statistically significant while baseline impact scores were significantly associated with greater follow‐up scores for both the ECOHIS and the CARIES‐QC, P < .01.ConclusionThe child oral health‐related quality life among children scheduled for dental general anaesthesia improved after receiving minimally invasive, atraumatic restorative treatments of dental caries.
Realistic Buoyancy Model for Real‐Time Applications
Authors: Bajo J. M. , Patow G. , Delrieux C. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFollowing Archimedes' Principle, any object immersed in a fluid is subject to an upward buoyancy force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. This simple description is the origin of a set of effects that are ubiquitous in nature, and are becoming commonplace in games, simulators and interactive animations. Although there are solutions to the fluid‐to‐solid coupling problem in some particular cases, to the best of our knowledge, comprehensive and accurate computational buoyancy models adequate in general contexts are still lacking. We propose a real‐time Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) based algorithm for realistic computation of the fluid‐to‐solid coupling problem, which is adequate for a wide generality of cases (solid or hollow objects, with permeable or leak‐proof surfaces, and with variable masses). The method incorporates the behaviour of the fluid into which the object is immersed, and decouples the computation of the physical parameters involved in the buoyancy force of the empty object from the mass of contained liquid. The dynamics of this mass of liquid are also computed, in a way such that the relation between the centre of mass of the object and the buoyancy force may vary, leading to complex, realistic beha viours such as the ones arising for instance with a sinking boat.
Effects of sublethal application of Deepwater Horizon oil to bird eggs on embryonic heart and metabolic rate
Authors: Goodchild Christopher G. , Grisham Kevin , Belden Jason B. , DuRant Sarah E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFollowing large crude oil spills, oil from feathers of brooding birds and oiled nesting material can transfer to eggs, resulting in reduced embryonic viability for heavily oiled eggs. Eggs may also be subjected to trace or light oiling, but functional teratogenic effects from sublethal crude oil exposure have not been examined. We assessed whether sublethal application of weathered Deepwater Horizon crude oil to the eggshell surface alters heart rate and metabolic rate in Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) embryos. We first determined sublethal applications with a dosing experiment. Embryo viability for eggs exposed to 5 μL or more of crude oil decreased significantly. We conducted a second experiment to measure heart rate and metabolic rate (CO2 production) 5 and 9 d after 1 sublethal application of crude oil to eggshells on day 3 of incubation. One application of 1.0 or 2.5 µL of crude oil reduced embryonic heart rate and metabolic rate on day 12 of incubation. Using unfertilized eggs, we measured the transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the eggshell surface to egg contents 9 d after a single application of sublethal crude oil. Our results suggest avian eggs externally exposed to small amounts of crude oil may exhibit protracted embryonic development and impaired postnatal cardiac performance.
Meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of home foot temperature monitoring, patient education or offloading footwear on the incidence of diabetes‐related foot ulcers
Authors: Alahakoon C. , Fernando M. , Galappaththy C. , Matthews E. O. , Lazzarini P. , Moxon J. V. , Golledge J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to perform an up‐to‐date systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of home foot temperature monitoring, patient education and offloading footwear in reducing the incidence of diabetes‐related foot ulcers.MethodsA literature search was performed using MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane databases to identify relevant original studies. Meta‐analyses were performed using intention‐to‐treat principals for worst (main analysis) and best (sub‐analysis) case scenarios. Leave‐one‐out sensitivity analyses were used to assess the consistency of findings.ResultsOf 7575 unique records, 17 RCTs involving 2729 participants were included. Four tested home foot temperature monitoring (n = 468), six examined patient education (n = 823) and seven assessed offloading footwear (n = 1438). Participants’ who performed home foot temperature monitoring [odds ratio (OR) 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31 to 0.84;n = 468] and those provided offloading footwear (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.80;n = 1438) were less likely to develop a diabetes‐related foot ulcer. Patient education programmes did not significantly reduce diabetes‐related foot ulcer incidence (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.20;n = 823). Sensitivity analyses suggested that offloading footwear findings were consistent, but home foot temperature findings were dependent on the individual inclusion of one trial. All RCTs had either high or unclear risk of bias.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis suggests that offloading footwear is effective in reducing the incidence of diabetes‐related foot ulcers. Home foot temperature monitoring also appears beneficial but larger trials are needed (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019135226).
Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 as therapeutic agents for individuals with type 2 diabetes: a 25‐year journey
Authors: Carr R. D. , Solomon A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the 25 years since the hypothesis was first described, therapeutic use of inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4i) as a novel approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes has become established widely, with several compounds now available to exemplify the class. Although the clinical profiles of members of the DPP‐4i class have been reviewed extensively, the underlying pragmatic small molecular design and pharmaceutical properties of these agents have seldom been addressed in the context of establishment of the class as treatments for type 2 diabetes. Among the reasons contributing to the wide acceptance of DPP‐4i as oral anti‐hyperglycaemic therapy are: (i) the endocrine basis of their pharmacology; (ii) their chemical ‘simplicity’ and low molecular mass; (iii) their pharmacological selectivity for their target mechanism of action; (iv) the nature of physiologically relevant substrates for the enzyme; (v) their relative ease of formulation into tablets; (vi) their efficacy as glucose‐lowering agents; (vii) their absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination profiles; and (viii) their limited tolerability issues.
Race in relation to bank depositors and mortgage applications
Authors: Kashian Russell , Drago Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractData associated with the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) are often studied for evidence of discrimination in terms of minority applicants or for home location in minority neighborhoods, with mixed results. The present analysis utilizes a data set covering 2014–2016, combining characteristics of home location and applicants from the HMDA data with information on depositor characteristics from the Federal Insurance Deposit Corporation's Summary of Deposits data and the Census Bureau's American Community Survey. Consistent with predictions from the red‐lining literature, loan acceptance rates are adversely influenced by high minority locations, although the effect is larger for minority applicants. The relationship banking literature predicts that community banks will yield higher rates of loan acceptance, and the results support that hypothesis. That same literature suggests that familiarity in terms of similar race/ethnicity characteristics for depositors and home location or loan applicants will yield a loan acceptance advantage; and that hypothesis is not supported. Subsidiary analyses suggest that market competition improves loan acceptance rates for minority applicants, consistent with models of discrimination. Additionally, minority depositors are associated positively with loan acceptance rates, which may reflect higher levels of bank risk, and a risk premium, in those markets.