bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic endoscopy: A progress review
Authors: Guo Heng , Li Ying , Qi Weizhi , Xi Lei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEndoscopy has been widely used in biomedical imaging and integrated with various optical and acoustic imaging modalities. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), one of the fastest growing biomedical imaging modalities, is a noninvasive and nonionizing method that owns rich optical contrast, deep acoustic penetration depth, multiscale and multiparametric imaging capability. Hence, it is preferred to miniaturize the volume of PAI and develop an emerged endoscopic imaging modality referred to as photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE). It has been developed for more than one decade since the first report of PAE. Unfortunately, until now, there is no mature photoacoustic endoscopic technique recognized in clinic due to various technical limitations. To address this concern, recent development of new scanning mechanisms, adoption of novel optical/acoustic devices, utilization of superior computation methods and exploration of multimodality strategies have significantly promoted the progress of PAE toward clinic. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed recent progresses in single‐ and multimodality PAE with new physics, mechanisms and strategies to achieve practical devices for potential applicable scenarios including esophageal, gastrointestinal, urogenital and intravascular imaging. We ended this review with challenges and prospects for future development of PAE.
Protecting the skin‐implant interface with transcutaneous silver‐coated skin‐and‐bone‐integrated pylon in pig and rabbit dorsum models
Authors: Shevtsov Maxim , Gavrilov Dmitriy , Yudintceva Natalia , Zemtsova Elena , Arbenin Andrei , Smirnov Vladimir , Voronkina Irina , Adamova Polina , Blinova Miralda , Mikhailova Nataliya , Galibin Oleg , Akkaoui Michael , Pitkin Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImplant‐associated soft tissue infections at the skin‐implant interface represent the most frequent complications in reconstructive surgery and lead to implant failures and revisions. Titanium implants with deep porosity, called skin‐and‐bone‐integrated‐pylons (SBIP), allow for skin ingrowth in the morphologically natural direction, thus restoring a reliable dermal barrier and reducing the risk of infection. Silver coating of the SBIP implant surface using physical vapor deposition technique offers the possibility of preventing biofilm formation and exerting a direct antimicrobial effect during the wound healing phase. In vivo studies employing pig and rabbit dorsum models for assessment of skin ingrowth into the pores of the pylon demonstrated the safety of transcutaneous implantation of the SBIP system. No postoperative complications were reported at the end of the follow‐up period of 6 months. Histological analysis proved skin ingrowth in the minipig model without signs of silver toxicity. Analysis of silver release (using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy)in the model of intramedullary‐inserted silver‐coated SBIP in New Zealand rabbits demonstrated trace amounts of silver after 3 months of in‐bone implantation. In conclusion, selected temporary silver coating of the SBIP implant surface is powerful at preventing the periprosthetic infections without imparing skin ingrowth and can be considered for clinical application.
Effects of lithium on the electronic properties of porous Ge as anode material for batteries
Authors: Sosa Akari Narayama , González Israel , Trejo Alejandro , Miranda Álvaro , Salazar Fernando , Cruz‐Irisson Miguel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, the need of improvement of energy storage has led to the development of Lithium batteries with porous materials as electrodes. Porous Germanium (pGe) has shown promise for the development of new generation Li‐ion batteries due to its excellent electronic, and chemical properties, however, the effect of lithium in its properties has not been studied extensively. In this contribution, the effect of surface and interstitial Li on the electronic properties of pGe was studied using a first‐principles density functional theory scheme. The porous structures were modeled by removing columns of atoms in the [001] direction and the surface dangling bonds were passivated with H atoms, and then replaced with Li atoms. Also, the effect of a single interstitial Li in the Ge was analyzed. The transition state and the diffusion barrier of the Li in the Ge structure were studied using a quadratic synchronous transit scheme.
Cholangiocyte derived carcinomas and local microbiota
Authors: Arteta Ariel A. , Milanes‐Yearsley Martha , Cardona‐Castro Nora 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTrillions of bacteria are present in the gastrointestinal tract as part of the local microbiota. Bacteria have been associated with a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases including malignant neoplasms. The association of bacteria in gastrointestinal and biliary tract carcinogenesis is supported in the paradigm of Helicobacter pylori and intestinal‐type gastric cancer. However, the association of bacterial species to a specific carcinoma, different from intestinal‐type gastric cancer is unresolved. The relationship of bacteria to a specific malignant neoplasm can drive clinical interventions. We review the classic bacteria risk factors identified using cultures and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with new research regarding a microbiota approach through 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene) or metagenomic analysis for selected carcinomas in the biliary tract.
Values Across Creative Domains
Authors: Taylor Christa L. , Kaufman James C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPast research has demonstrated that the hierarchical value structures of creative individuals differ systematically from their less creative counterparts. However, earlier studies used a global creativity score, which is inconsistent with both creativity’s movement toward a domain‐specific viewpoint, and Lebedeva et al.’s 2019 study suggests the relationship between values and the frequency of creative behaviors differs by domain. We conducted two studies to determine if different creative domains are associated with distinct value hierarchies in creative ability, self‐perception, and achievement. Study 1 (N = 156) examined whether Schwartz’s core values demonstrated a different pattern of correlations with verbal versus visual creative performance, assessed with story and drawing tasks. Study 2 (N = 492) examined the pattern of values across a broader set of domains (i.e., artistic, everyday/self, science, performance, and scholarly), assessed using measures of creative self‐concept and self‐reported creative achievement. The value hierarchies associated with each of the domains were not consistent with each other or with the findings of past studies. The implications of these results for creative domain specificity and motivation are discussed.
The identification of synthetic organic red pigments in historical plastics: Developing an in situ analytical protocol based on Raman microscopy
Authors: Angelin Eva Mariasole , França de Sá Susana , Picollo Marcello , Nevin Austin , Callapez Maria Elvira , Melo Maria João 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe identification of colorants in historic plastics is a methodological and analytical challenge. Although deformulation is performed by the plastics industry, in the case of historical objects, sampling is often impossible, and in situ protocols are needed. The accurate identification of colorants provides insights into historical plastic formulations, supports planning of conservation studies, and critical data for objects that already exhibit color change (e.g. fading). Indeed, colorants may degrade following exposure to light, and color changes have been reported for plastic objects. The analysis of colorants remains a challenge, and microsampling is usually required. Successful identification of red pigments from thirty historical plastics is reported following a new in situ analytical protocol based on Raman microscopy. Information about other pigments, fillers and plastic polymers are reported. Fading has been observed in the historical plastic objects containing Pigment Red 53.
Predicting malignancy in patients with adrenal tumors using 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT SUVmax
Authors: Vos Elvira L. , Grewal Ravinder K. , Russo Ashley E. , Reidy‐Lagunes Diane , Untch Brian R. , Gavane Somali C. , Boucai Laura , Geer Eliza , Gopalan Anuradha , Chou Joanne F. , Capanu Marinela , Strong Vivian E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and Objectives18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET/CT) parameters may help distinguish malignant from benign adrenal tumors, but few have been externally validated or determined based on definitive pathological confirmation. We determined and validated a threshold for 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) in patients who underwent adrenalectomy for a nonfunctional tumor.MethodsDatabase review identified patients with 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT images available (training cohort), or only SUVmax values (validation cohort). Discriminative accuracy was assessed by area under the curve (AUC), and the optimal cutoff value estimated by maximally selected Wilcoxon rank statistics.ResultsOf identified patients (n = 171), 86 had adrenal metastases, 20 adrenal cortical carcinoma, and 27 adrenal cortical adenoma. In the training cohort (n = 96), SUVmax was significantly higher in malignant versus benign tumors (median 8.3 vs. 3.0, p < .001), with an AUC of 0.857. Tumor size did not differ. The optimal cutoff SUVmax was 4.6 (p < .01). In the validation cohort (n = 75), this cutoff had a sensitivity of 75% and specificity 55%.Conclusions18F‐FDG‐PET/CT SUVmax was associated with malignancy. Validation indicated that SUVmax ≥ 4.6 was suggestive of malignancy, while lower values did not reliably predict benign tumor.
Studies on the reaction between reduced riboflavin and selenocystine
Authors: Dereven'kov Ilia A. , Makarov Sergei V. , Molodtsov Pavel A. , Makarova Anna S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelenocysteine (Sec) is a crucial component of mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) where it serves as a nucleophile for disulfide bond rupture in thioredoxin (Trx). Generation of the reduced state of Sec in TrxR requires consecutive two electron transfer steps, namely: (i) from NADPH to flavin adenine dinucleotide, (ii) from reduced flavin to the disulfide bond Cys59‐S‐S‐Cys64, and finally (iii) from Cys59 and Cys64 to the selenosulfide bond Cys497‐S‐Se‐Sec498. In this work, we studied the reaction between reduced riboflavin (RibH2) and selenocystine (Sec‐Sec), an oxidized form of Sec. The interaction between RibH2 and Sec‐Sec proceeded relatively slowly in comparison with its reverse reaction, that is, reduction of riboflavin (Rib) by Sec. The rate constant for the reaction between RibH2 and Sec‐Sec was (7.9 ± 0.1) × 10−2 M−1 s−1 (pH 7.0, 25.0°C). The reaction between Rib and Sec proceeded via two steps, namely, a rapid reversible binding of Rib to Sec having a protonated selenol group to form a Sec‐Rib complex, followed by nucleophilic attack of Sec‐Rib by a second Sec molecule harboring a deprotonated selenol group. The equilibrium constant for the overall reduction process of Rib by Sec is (1.2 ± 0.1) × 106 M−1 (25.0°C). The finding that the interaction of RibH2 with oxidized selenol is reversible with its equilibrium favored toward the reverse reaction provides an additional explanation for the exceptional mechanism of the mammalian Trx/TrxR system involving transient reduction of a disulfide bond.
Effect of Chain‐End Chemistries on the Efficiency of Coupling Antibodies to Polymers Using Unnatural Amino Acids
Authors: Sivaram Amal J. , Wardiana Andri , Preethi S. S. Hema , Fuchs Adrian V. , Howard Christopher B. , Fletcher Nicholas L. , Bell Craig A. , Thurecht Kristofer J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNovel conjugates that incorporate strategies for increasing the therapeutic payload, such as targeted polymeric delivery vehicles, have great potential in overcoming limitations of conventional antibody therapies that often exhibit immunogenicity and limited drug loading. Click chemistry has significantly expanded the toolbox of effective strategies for developing hybrid polymer‐biomolecule conjugates, however, effective systems require orthogonality between the polymer and biomolecule chemistries to achieve efficient coupling. Here, three cycloaddition‐based strategies for antibody conjugation to polymeric carriers are explored and show that a purely radical‐based method for polymer synthesis and subsequent biomolecule attachment has a trade‐off between coupling efficiency of the antibody and the ability to synthesize polymers with controlled chemical properties. It is shown that careful consideration of both coupling chemistries as well as the potential effect of how this modulates the chemical properties of the polymer nanocarrier should be considered during the development of such systems. The strategies described offer insight into improving conjugate development for therapeutic and theranostic applications. In this system, polymerization using conventional and established reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents, followed by multiple post‐modification steps, always leads to systems with more defined chemical architectures compared to strategies that utilize alkyne‐functional RAFT agents.
Silicone Surface Fundamentals
Authors: Owen Michael J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany of the applications of the most familiar silicone polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), are a consequence of its hydrophobic nature. The key quantities underlying this behavior are the water contact angle with water droplets, the surface tension of the polymer, and its interfacial tension with water. These quantities are reviewed for PDMS and the fluorsilicone polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane (PMTFPS) as well as some other less common, more highly fluorinated, fluorosilicones. As aliphatic fluorocarbons are usually introduced into polymers to lower surface tension, it is unexpected that the surface tension of PMTFPS is higher than PDMS. However, this observation is consistent with Zisman's early extensive studies. It is also somewhat surprising that there are no definitive values accepted for the water contact angle with PDMS and the interfacial tension at the PDMS/water interface. Some reasons for this are explored and relevant limitations considered. The variety of ways in which a PDMS surface can be presented must have a major effect on the range of water contact angles reported.
Fully Renewable Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethanes via the Lossen Rearrangement
Authors: Filippi Luca , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, a straightforward and efficient synthesis approach to renewable non‐isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) is described. For this purpose, suitable and renewable carbamate monomers, possessing two double bonds, are synthesized from hydroxamic fatty acid derivatives via the Lossen rearrangement in a one‐step synthesis, and sustainable dithiols are synthesized from dialkenes derived from renewable feedstock (i.e., limonene and 1,4‐cyclohexadiene). Subsequently, the comonomers are polymerized with the highly efficient thiol–ene reaction to produce NIPUs with Mn values up to 26 kg mol−1 bearing thioether linkages. The main side product of the Lossen rearrangement, a symmetric urea, can also be polymerized in the same fashion. Important in the view of sustainability, the monomer mixture can also be used directly, without separation. The obtained polymers are characterized by NMR, attenuated total reflection‐infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and size exclusion chromatography.
Using Acoustic Telemetry to Estimate Weakfish Survival Rates along the U.S. East Coast
Authors: Krause Jacob R. , Hightower Joseph E. , Buckel Jeffrey A. , Turnure Jason T. , Grothues Thomas M. , Manderson John P. , Rosendale John E. , Pessutti Jeffrey P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Weakfish Cynoscion regalis, an economically important species, has declined over the last 30 years, corresponding with an increase in total mortality according to the most recent stock assessment. We estimated estuarine-specific and coastwide apparent survival of Weakfish by using a Cormack–Jolly–Seber model to provide insights into the spatiotemporal component of mortality. Telemetered Weakfish (n =342) were released across five estuaries ranging from North Carolina to New Jersey between 2006 and 2016. In estuaries from Delaware Bay and northward, egress peaked around the third week of September; in North Carolina, egress peaked by the first week of November. For three estuaries with adequate sample sizes, apparent survival estimates were similar and a joint model including all telemetered Weakfish estimated an extremely low annual apparent survival rate of 0.001 (95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.002–0.0003) or annual apparent instantaneous total mortality of 7.25 (95% CrI = 6.28–8.05). At a minimum, 61% of telemetered Weakfish emigrated in the fall, but only 2 of 149 fish with long-lived transmitters were detected as returning to estuaries the following year. This is a small proportion for a fish that exhibits spawning site fidelity. We conclude that the disappearance of telemetered Weakfish represents mortality that occurs between emigration and the spring spawning period, potentially during overwinter periods on the continental shelf. Our study provides insights into the magnitude, timing, and location of Weakfish loss and facilitates an improved understanding of Weakfish population dynamics for use in stock rebuilding.
Q‐VENT—A novel device for emergency ventilation of the lungs in patients with respiratory failure due to diseases such as COVID‐19
Authors: Palacka Patrik , Furka Samuel , Furka Daniel , Huzevka Tibor , Gallik Dalibor , Janek Marian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) causing pneumonia, often progressing to rapid deterioration with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring advanced life support, has been spreading worldwide. The humanitarian crisis we are currently witnessing across the globe is threatening access to artificial ventilation of the lungs (AVL) for patients with respiratory failure. Q‐vent is a multi‐way air valve system with filters and heater/humidifier module produced by 3D printer from a new composite material based on Phloxine B, Saponite and Polylactic acid that prevents the formation of bacterial biofilms. This automated device, which can be fitted with commercially available Ambu® Breathing Bags or similar, provides a high degree of controllability along with one‐box complexity. A built‐in cough sensor warns of patient's awakening. In the case of power failure, Q‐vent switches to battery reserve. The developed device was tested on an intubated model (Gaumard® Scientific ‐ UNI®) corresponding to a patient (80 kg) with lung compliance 50 ml/cm H2O to simulate ARDS for 24 hours. The inspiration‐to‐expiration (I:E) ratio, tidal volume set to 8 ml/kg PBW (L‐type pneumonia) and 6 ml/kg PBW (H‐type Pneumonia), and frequency of inspiration were adjusted to test Q‐Vent operation at a range of different conditions. All functions performed reliably throughout the testing procedure. Q‐Vent successfully passed the Rapidly Manufactured Ventilator System (RMVS001) validation issued by MHRA and is awaiting clinical trials to determine its value in overcoming crises caused by the lack of conventional AVL.
Sjogren–Larsson Syndrome: A case series of five members from an extended family with a novel mutation
Authors: Abidi Kamel T. , Kamal Naglaa M. , Bakkar A. Ayman A. , Alotaibi Maram , Asseri Haifa , Bokari Kawthar A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgrounddSjogren–Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by a triad of spastic tetraplegia or diplegia, congenital ichthyosis, and intellectual disability.MethodsWe report a seven‐years‐old female born to consanguineous parents who presented with erythematous dry scaly skin all over the body sparing the face, without collodion membrane which started since birth. There were associated with global developmental delay and seizure disorder. SLS was suspected and hence sequence analysis of the ALDH3A2 gene by next‐generation sequencing was performed for the patient.ResultsA novel nucleotide exchange in homozygous state at position c.1320 in exon 9 of the ALDH3A2 gene (c.1320T>A), leading to a stop of the protein sequence (p.Tyr440) was detected in the patient. Genetic testing of the patient's extended family revealed another four affected family members with the same mutation.ConclusionsSLS should be suspected in any patient with a triad of ichthyosis, intellectual disability and spastic di/tetraplegia. Molecular genetic testing of the ALDH3A2 gene should be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Extended family screening is highly recommended.
4G/5G antenna with small clearance for metal frame smartphone applications
Authors: Jin Guiping , Wang Wei , Sun Yi , Lu Dujiao , Liao Shaowei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn 4G/5G antenna with small clearance for metal frame smartphone applications is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of metal frame, inverted‐T feeding lines, S‐shaped branch, and the system ground on which U‐shaped slot is etched. The metal frame is broken and there is a 2 mm open slit on the metal frame. There is a 2 mm gap between the metal frame and the substrate. The ground clearance of the proposed antenna is 34.5 × 5.5 mm. Inverted‐T feeding lines are connected to the metal rim. Using the multiple radiation patterns of S‐shaped branches and the coupling ring mode of S‐shaped branch and ground‐extending metal frames, the measured −6 dB impedance bandwidth are 1680 to 2820 MHz and 2870 to 5500 MHz bands, which can fully cover DCS1800, PCS1900, UMTS2100, LTE2400, 2600 (1710 to 2690 MHz), and 5G N77/N78/N79 (3300‐4200 MHz, 4400‐5000 MHz) bands. The measured efficiency is greater than 43% in desired bands. The proposed antenna has the advantages of small ground clearance, wide bandwidth, and no lumped elements.
AZTEK: Adaptive zero TE k‐space trajectories
Authors: Boucneau Tanguy , Fernandez Brice , Besson Florent L. , Menini Anne , Wiesinger Florian , Durand Emmanuel , Caramella Caroline , Darrasse Luc , Maître Xavier 
Published: September 2020

PurposeBecause of short signal lifetimes and respiratory motion, 3D lung MRI is still challenging today. Zero‐TE (ZTE) pulse sequences offer promising solutions as they overcome the issue of short . Nevertheless, as they rely on continuous readout gradients, the trajectories they follow in k‐space are not adapted to retrospective gating and inferred motion correction.Theory and methodsWe propose AZTEK (adaptive ZTE k‐space trajectories), a set of 3D radial trajectories featuring three tuning parameters, to adapt the acquisition to any moving organ while keeping seamless transitions between consecutive spokes. Standard ZTE and AZTEK trajectories were compared for static and moving phantom acquisitions as well as for human thoracic imaging performed on 3 volunteers (1 healthy and 2 patients with lung cancer).ResultsFor the static phantom, we observe comparable image qualities with standard and AZTEK trajectories. For the moving phantom, spatially coherent undersampling artifacts observed on gated images with the standard trajectory are alleviated with AZTEK. The same improvement in image quality is obtained in human, so details are more delineated in the lung with the use of the adaptive trajectory.ConclusionThe AZTEK technique opens the possibility for 3D dynamic ZTE lung imaging with retrospective gating. It enables us to uniformly sample the k‐space for any arbitrary respiratory motion gate, while preserving static image quality, improving dynamic image quality and guaranteeing continuous readout gradient transitions between spokes, which makes it appropriate to ZTE.