bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The variability of stemflow generation in a natural beech stand (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in relation to rainfall and tree traits
Authors: Dezhban Atefeh , Attarod Pedram , Zahedi Amiri Ghavamudin , Pypker Thomas G. , Nanko Kazuki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStemflow (SF) has been recognised as an important process that can exert considerable effects on the hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology of wooded ecosystems. The aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between SF (yields and funnelling ratios, FRs) of beech (Fagus orientalis) trees and rainfall characteristics, to evaluate the effects of tree traits on SF yield and the magnitudes of FRs in differing rainfall classes. Event‐based measurements were carried out from April 2016 to November 2017 during the leafed‐out periods in a natural uneven‐aged beech stand located in the Hyrcanian forest of Iran. Tree density in the studied plot was 188 trees ha−1 with a basal area of 51 m2 ha−1. SF volume was measured in three diameter classes (10–40, 40–70, and >70 cm; n = 3 per class). During the 25 rainfall events SF, SF%, and FR were 3.22 mm, 0.41%, and 1.11 on average, respectively. The linear regression analysis revealed that gross rainfall had the strongest correlation with SF yield and FR (P value <.01). The linear regression with the trees structural traits indicated that canopy projected area, diameter at breast height (DBH), and mosses cover percentage, respectively, strongly influence SF yield for rainfall <15 to >50 mm. FR significantly decreased with increasing tree height, DBH, and mosses cover percentage (all P values <.05). Smaller trees concentrated more SF than tall and large DBH trees. Pearson correlation analysis indicated tree height, canopy projected area, and MCP were positively and significantly correlated to DBH (P value <.01; r ≥ .87). Therefore, SF generation in the present study is more associated with DBH. Our findings could assist managers to optimise the management strategies of deciduous forest via promotion of some large DBH trees along with small DBH trees to optimise water inputs via SF in water‐limited forest ecosystems.
Rhizosphere priming effects in soil aggregates with different size classes
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Dijkstra Feike A. , Yin Liming , Sun Di , Cheng Weixin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe change in native soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition caused by plant roots or the rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) is a common phenomenon. Although most of the SOC is stored in aggregates with different size classes, the RPE in aggregates and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In a 35‐d pot experiment, we grew Agropyron cristatum (C3 plant) in pots containing large macroaggregates (LMA), small macroaggregates (SMA), and microaggregates (MA) separated from a C4 soil. We quantified the RPE and measured microbial biomass C (MBC), oxidase activity, soil net nitrogen (N) mineralization, and aggregate dynamics at the end of the experiment. The positive RPEs ranged from 47% to 106% and were significantly lower in the SMA treatment than in the LMA and MA treatments. Planting significantly increased microbial N immobilization in all treatments, particularly in the SMA treatment. Furthermore, the positive relationship between RPE and plant‐induced changes in net N mineralization suggests that increasing microbial N immobilization could reduce RPE. Planting significantly increased MBC and oxidase activity, and the positive relationships between SOC decomposition and MBC and oxidase activity suggest that microbial activation may play an important role in the positive RPEs. Planting significantly reduced aggregate destruction in the SMA treatment but increased aggregate destruction in the MA treatment, supporting the aggregate destruction hypothesis. Overall, our results showed for the first time that the RPEs varied among aggregate size classes, with potentially important consequences for SOC dynamics in soils that have a high capacity for aggregation.
Nanostructured Modified Carbon Paste Electrode as Voltrammetric Sensor for Isoproturon Trace Analysis in Water
Authors: Amra Siham , Bataille Thierry , Bourouina Bacha Saliha , Bourouina Mustapha , Hauchard Didier 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new electrochemical sensor based on nanostructured carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) is developed for the sensitive detection of Isoproturon in water. The CPEs were nanostructured by incorporation of carbon nanotubes (NTCs) and synthetized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO). They were characterized using the X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and voltammetric methods. Electrochemical experiments showed that the adsorption of Isoproturon on to (GC‐NTC‐CuO)‐CPE, associated with nanomaterials (NTCs and CuO), provided remarkable analytical performances of the sensor such as a large quantification range from 1 to 200 μg L−1 with a detection limit of 0.1 μg L−1 of Isoproturon and no interferences of some another pesticides tested (specificity of ISO adsorption in acidified water). The tests carried out on real samples of water are conclusive. The analytical performances of the sensor showed that it is suitable for the specific determination of pesticide traces in water.
Trace Analysis of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) Using Native and Modified 3D Printed Graphene/Poly(Lactic Acid) Composite Electrodes
Authors: Walters John G. , Ahmed Shakir , Terrero Rodríguez Irina M. , O'Neil Glen D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHere we investigate the use of 3D printed graphene/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) electrodes for quantifying trace amounts of Hg, Pb, and Cd. We prepared cylindrical electrodes by sealing a 600 μm diameter graphene/PLA filament in a pipette tip filled with epoxy. We characterized the electrodes using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry in ferrocene methanol. The physical characterization showed a significant amount of disorder in the carbon structure and the electrochemical characterization showed quasi‐reversible behavior without any electrode pretreatment. We then used unmodified graphene/PLA electrode to quantify Hg, and Pb and Cd in 0.01 M HCl and 0.1 M acetate buffer using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. We were able to quantify Hg with a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.1 nM (1.2 ppb), but Pb and Cd did not present measurable peaks at concentrations below ∼400 nM. We improved the LODs for Pb and Cd by depositing Bi microparticles on the graphene/PLA and, after optimization, achieved clear stripping peaks at the 20 nM level for both ions (4.1 and 2.2 ppb for Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively). The results obtained for all three metals allowed quantification below the US Environmental Protection Agency action limits in drinking water.
Efficacy and acceptability of self‐monitoring via a smartphone application versus traditional paper records in an intensive outpatient eating disorder treatment setting
Authors: Keshen Aaron , Helson Thomas , Ali Sarrah , Dixon Laura , Tregarthen Jenna , Town Joel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveAlthough self‐monitoring is an important part of eating disorder treatment, non‐adherence is commonly observed among patients asked to maintain paper food records. This study aims to compare the efficacy and acceptability of electronic self‐monitoring via Recovery Record to self‐monitoring via traditional paper records, in an intensive outpatient (IOP) eating disorder treatment for adults.MethodNinety patients were recruited from an IOP eating disorder clinic and randomly assigned to the experimental or control condition. Those in the control condition received the standard treatment delivered by the IOP programme, including the use of paper records for self‐monitoring. Those in the experimental condition received the same treatment but used Recovery Record for self‐monitoring.ResultsThe results did not demonstrate statistically significant group differences over time on eating disorder symptomatology, and there were no statistically significant group differences on acceptability or adherence.ConclusionsOur pilot efficacy data do not support superiority of the app over paper records in an IOP setting, so proceeding to a larger efficacy trial is not warranted. Future studies should aim to determine whether the app is efficacious as an adjunct to less intensive treatment or to further explore adherence and acceptability outcomes in studies with larger sample sizes.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02484794.
Identification of potential CO2 leakage pathways and mechanisms in oil reservoirs using fault tree analysis
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Zhang Liang , Ren Shaoran , Ren Bo , Chen Bailian , Lu Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGeological storage of CO2 technologies has become an important and effective way to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions, especially when it is combined with CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR), which can not only trap CO2 but also enhance oil recovery. However, the risk of CO2 leakage has always been a prominent issue. In this paper, the mechanisms and pathways of CO2 leakage during geological storage in oil reservoirs were analyzed using fault tree analysis (FTR). Besides, monitoring technologies were discussed and deployed in a CO2 EOR demonstration project. The analysis results showed that the sealing failures of oil producer and CO2 injector wells, like well cement failure and casing failure, are the main reasons for the CO2 leakage, which has been observed in the oil field monitoring project. The monitoring results indicated that there is no large‐scale CO2 leakage, while relatively high and abnormal CO2 concentration in soil gas near some wellbores are observed, which indicates there is some leakage of CO2 through incomplete cement ring and well casing string. FTR results provide guidelines for monitoring and preventing of CO2 leakage during geological storage in oil reservoirs. The near‐surface monitoring methods, especially the soil gas monitoring technologies, can effectively detect the leakage of CO2, and are a proper method for CO2 leakage monitoring. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Transdisciplinary Methodology for Introducing Solar Water Disinfection to Rural Communities in Malawi—Formative Research Findings
Authors: Morse Tracy , Luwe Kondwani , Lungu Kingsley , Chiwaula Levison , Mulwafu Wapulumuka , Buck Lyndon , Harlow Richard , Fagan G Honor , McGuigan Kevin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Despite the increasing volume of evidence demonstrating the efficacy of solar water disinfection (SODIS) as a household water treatment technology, there still appear to be significant barriers to uptake in developing countries. The potential of SODIS is often treated with skepticism in terms of effective treatment, volume, and safety, and is dismissed in preference for more accepted technologies such as ceramic filters and dose chlorination. As part of WATERSPOUTT (EU H2020 688928), our study used a transdisciplinary methodology to cocreate an innovative SODIS system in rural Malawi. The formative work focused on the design of 1) an appropriate and acceptable system and 2) a context-specific intervention delivery program using a behavior-centered design. Initial research identified specific water needs and challenges, which were discussed along with a cocreation process with potential end users, through a series of shared dialogue workshops (SDWs). Specifications from end users outlined a desire for higher volume systems (20 L) that were “familiar” and could be manufactured locally. Development of the “SODIS bucket” was then undertaken by design experts and local manufacturers, with input from end users and subject to controlled testing to ensure efficacy and safety. Concurrent data were collated using questionnaires (n = 777 households), water point mapping (n = 121), water quality testing (n = 46), and behavior change modeling (n = 100 households). These identified specific contextual issues (hydrogeology, water access, gender roles, social capital, and socioeconomic status), and behavioral determinants (normative, ability, and self-regulation factors) that informed the development and delivery mechanism for the implementation toolkit. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:871–884. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
En‐face optical coherence tomography for the detection of cancer in prostatectomy specimens: Quantitative analysis in 20 patients
Authors: Swaan Abel , Muller Berrend G. , Wilk Leah S. , Almasian Mitra , Zwartkruis Evita C. H. , Rozendaal L. Rence , de Bruin Daniel M. , Faber Dirk J. , van Leeuwen Ton G. , van Herk Marcel B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe increase histopathological evaluation of prostatectomy specimens rises the workload on pathologists. Automated histopathology systems, preferably directly on unstained specimens, would accelerate the pathology workflow. In this study, we investigate the potential of quantitative analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to separate benign from malignant prostate tissue automatically. Twenty fixated prostates were cut, from which 54 slices were scanned by OCT. Quantitative OCT metrics (attenuation coefficient, residue, goodness‐of‐fit) were compared for different tissue types, annotated on the histology slides. To avoid misclassification, the poor‐quality slides, and edges of annotations were excluded. Accurate registration of OCT data with histology was achieved in 31 slices. After removing outliers, 56% of the OCT data was compared with histopathology. The quantitative data could not separate malignant from benign tissue. Logistic regression resulted in malignant detection with a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.34. Quantitative OCT analysis should be improved before clinical use.
Label‐free stimulated Raman scattering imaging reveals silicone breast implant material in tissue
Authors: van Haasterecht Ludo , Zada Liron , Schmidt Robert W. , de Bakker Erik , Barbé Ellis , Leslie Heather A. , Vethaak A. Dick , Gibbs Susan , de Boer Johannes F. , Niessen Frank B. , van Zuijlen Paul P. M. , Groot Marie Louise , Ariese Freek 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMillions of women worldwide have silicone breast implants. It has been reported that implant failure occurs in approximately a tenth of patients within 10 years, and the consequences of dissemination of silicone debris are poorly understood. Currently, silicone detection in histopathological slides is based on morphological features as no specific immunohistochemical technique is available. Here, we show the feasibility and sensitivity of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging to specifically detect silicone material in stained histopathological slides, without additional sample treatment. Histology slides of four periprosthetic capsules from different implant types were obtained after explantation, as well as an enlarged axillary lymph node from a patient with a ruptured implant. SRS images coregistered with bright‐field images revealed the distribution and quantity of silicone material in the tissue. Fast and high‐resolution imaging of histology slides with molecular specificity using SRS provides an opportunity to investigate the role of silicone debris in the pathophysiology of implant‐linked diseases.
Optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy with ultrafast dual‐wavelength excitation
Authors: Zhou Yingying , Liang Siyi , Li Mingsheng , Liu Chengbo , Lai Puxiang , Wang Lidai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFast functional and molecular photoacoustic microscopy requires pulsed laser excitations at multiple wavelengths with enough pulse energy and short wavelength‐switching time. Recent development of stimulated Raman scattering in optical fiber offers a low‐cost laser source for multiwavelength photoacoustic imaging. In this approach, long fibers temporally separate different wavelengths via optical delay. The time delay between adjacent wavelengths may eventually limits the highest A‐line rate. In addition, a long‐time delay in fiber may limit the highest pulse energy, leading to poor image quality. In order to achieve high pulse energy and ultrafast dual‐wavelength excitation, we present optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy with ultrafast dual‐wavelength excitation and a signal separation method. The signal separation method is validated in numerical simulation and phantom experiments. We show that when two photoacoustic signals are partially overlapped with a 50‐ns delay, they can be recovered with 98% accuracy. We apply this ultrafast dual‐wavelength excitation technique to in vivo OR‐PAM. Results demonstrate that A‐lines at two wavelengths can be successfully separated, and sO2 values can be reliably computed from the separated data. The ultrafast dual‐wavelength excitation enables fast functional photoacoustic microscopy with negligible misalignment among different wavelengths and high pulse energy, which is important for in vivo imaging of microvascular dynamics.
Synergy in a detergent combination results in superior decellularized bovine pericardial extracellular matrix scaffolds
Authors: Laker Leana , Dohmen Pascal M. , Smit Francis E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDecellularization involves removal of cellular material from tissue which results in a scaffold material consisting of only the extra cellular matrix (ECM). The effect of each individual decellularizing detergent on the final ECM scaffold and how that may differ from the combined use of these detergents is currently a gap in decellularization methodologies. This study evaluates the hypothesis that a synergistic effect exists when commonly used decellularization detergents are combined. This was evaluated with regard to decellularization efficiency, tissue strength, and collagen structure. Bovine pericardium was decellularized using a combination of 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 1% sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and 1% TritonX‐100, and compared to the use of each detergent individually. The combined detergent decellularization protocol showed effective decellularization (p = .004), with minimal effects on tissue strength (p = .21) and structure (p = .21). Use of detergents individually, resulted in detrimental effects on tissue structure and integrity or ineffective decellularization. This study shows a synergistic relationship between SDS, SDC and TritonX‐100 when combined at specific concentrations. The use of detergents in combination instead of individually appears to be superior, as it results in less ECM damage and improved decellularization effectivity.
Apigenin alleviated acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity in low protein‐fed rats: Targeting oxidative stress, STAT3, and apoptosis signals
Authors: Mohamed Wafaa R. , Kotb Amr S. , Abd El‐Raouf Ola M. , Mohammad Fikry Ebtehal 
Published: February 2020

AbstractApigenin (API) is a natural flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of protein malnutrition (PMN) on acetaminophen (APAP)‐induced hepatotoxicity, together with the protective effects of API, in male Wistar albino rats. In total, 64 male rats were divided into eight groups. Silymarin (SIL) (100 mg/kg, PO) as a reference standard and API (50 mg/kg, PO) were given to normal and APAP‐induced hepatic injury in low protein‐fed rats. The present results revealed that PMN significantly potentiated APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity. Interestingly, the administration of SIL and API alleviated the induced damage, as revealed by reduced serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities along with a significant improvement of the histopathological damage. API suppressed inflammatory response by reducing the interleukin‐1β level and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expressions along with attenuating oxidative stress as shown by a significant reduction in liver contents of malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate as well as restoration of hepatic content of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity. API also counteracted apoptosis through downregulation of caspase‐3 expression level. In conclusion, PMN greatly potentiated the hepatotoxic effects of APAP, and API produced a multimechanistic hepatoprotective activity that can be attributed to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
Rapid identification of the Candida glabrata species complex by high‐resolution melting curve analysis
Authors: Cai Shuqian , Xu Juan , Shao Yakun , Gong Jie , Zhao Fei , He Lihua , Shan Xiaoyun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCandida glabrata is a common pathogen that causes invasive candidiasis. Among non‐albicans Candida infections, C glabrata infections are associated with the highest fatality rates. Candida glabrata sensu stricto, Candida nivariensis, and Candida bracarensis have been identified and together form the C glabrata species complex. It is difficult to detect the two rare species by traditional laboratory methods. This study established a method for the rapid identification of members of the C glabrata species complex based on high‐resolution melting curve (HRM) analysis and evaluated its practical application.MethodsThe internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was used as target gene region to design specific primers. HRM analysis was performed with three subspecies of the C glabrata species complex and negative controls to test its specificity and sensitivity. To evaluate its practical application, the HRM technique was tested with clinical isolates, and the results were compared with the DNA sequencing results.ResultsDifferences were detected among the melting profiles of the members of the C glabrata species complex. The negative controls were not amplified, indicating the high specificity of the method. The minimum detection limits of C glabrata sensu stricto, C nivariensis, and C bracarensis were approximately 1 × 101 copies/µL or less. The results of the HRM analysis of the clinical isolates were consistent with the DNA sequencing results.ConclusionsThe HRM method is sensitive and can be used to rapidly identify the members of the C glabrata species complex. The method can allow early and targeted treatment of patients with invasive candidiasis.
Stressors and protective factors among regional and metropolitan Australian medical doctors: A mixed methods investigation
Authors: Clough Bonnie A. , Ireland Michael J. , Leane Sheena , March Sonja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare stress, burnout, stressors, and protective factors among regional‐ and metropolitan‐based Australian medical doctors.MethodA mixed methods design was utilized with 252 Australian medical doctors completing an online questionnaire package. A subsample also completed qualitative interviews.ResultsStress was significantly higher among doctors compared with population norms. Over half of doctors reported burnout on one or more dimensions. The strongest unique predictors were being female, working late, and work–family conflict. Qualitatively, 12 stressors (e.g., training and competition, workload, and time management) and 9 protective subthemes (e.g., being well resourced, clinical interest) emerged across system‐level, clinical environment‐level, and individual factor and personal response themes.ConclusionsStress and burnout among doctors are alarmingly high and both system/organization‐level (e.g., communication systems, workload, flexible work arrangements) and individual‐level (e.g., fostering resilience/coping strategies) predictors are implicated by our results. These may be useful targets for future interventions.