bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating family and friend support, information technology, and diabetes education in community-centric diabetes self-management
Authors: Higa Christina , Davidson Elizabeth J , Loos Joanne R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveDiabetes self-management (DSM) education, social support, and information technology interventions can improve patient engagement and health. A major challenge is animating, integrating, and accessing resources in under-resourced, rural communities. Set in an island community in Hawai‘i, this study piloted a program that integrated friend-and-family support, community health services, telehealth-enabled DSM education, and mobile technologies by activating the community’s social capital to support the program.Materials and MethodsAn action research approach informed the design and implementation of a community-based DSM program that included: friends and family support, telehealth classes, personalized consultations, Bluetooth-enabled blood glucose monitors, and text messaging support. Outcomes were evaluated using biometric data, surveys, interviews, and participant observations.ResultsThe study spanned 9 months with 7 dyads, each with 1 individual with type 2 diabetes and a friend or family member. Six of the 7 participants with diabetes experienced reduced hemoglobin A1c percentages, with 3 reducing by more than 1%. The seventh participant maintained a hemoglobin A1c level within American Diabetes Association recommended ranges. DSM knowledge and self-care behaviors improved overall. Interviews and participant observations highlighted program strengths and social challenges associated with the interpersonal relationships between the members of the dyads.ConclusionsA community-centric diabetes program can enhance understanding of diabetes etiology, DSM activities, and communication skills for effective disease management support in under-resourced rural communities. Social capital among community members, leveraged with health information technology, can catalyze and integrate limited health system resources for DSM and social support as a cost-effective strategy to develop community-centric chronic healthcare management initiatives.
The relationship between the rumen microbiome and carcass merit in Angus steers
Authors: Krause Taylor R , Lourenco Jeferson M , Welch Christina B , Rothrock Michael J , Callaway Todd R , Pringle T Dean 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between ruminal microbial populations from Angus steers that were divergent in carcass traits related to adipose accumulation. Twenty-four feedlot-finished Angus steers (age: 538 ± 21 d; body weight following lairage: 593.9 ± 43.7 kg) were slaughtered, and ruminal contents and carcass data were collected. Ruminal microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing were performed to determine microbial relative abundances, to estimate microbial diversity, and to predict microbial metabolic pathways. A variety of correlation analyses and one-way ANOVA were performed to investigate the relationships between the rumen microbiome and carcass traits. Marbling score (P = 0.001) and longissimus lipid content (P = 0.009) were positively correlated to Chao1 Richness Index, suggesting that increased intramuscular fat was associated with increased numbers of ruminal microbial species. The phyla Tenericutes and TM7 were negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) to marbling score and longissimus lipid content, indicating that lower abundances of these phyla may be associated with improvements in intramuscular fat content. Greater abundance of the bacterial family S24-7 was positively correlated (P = 0.002) to marbling score. Analysis by marbling classification revealed further linkages to microbial richness (P ≤ 0.063), diversity (P = 0.044), and S24-7 (P &lt; 0.001) populations. Computational prediction of the microbial metabolic pathways revealed no differences (P ≥ 0.05) in metabolic pathway expression in rumen microbes between steers in the high- and low-marbling classes. Several phyla, families, and genera were positively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) to both rib fat thickness and yield grade. Collectively, our results suggest that microbial composition is associated to differing performance in carcass adipose traits. Overall, most of the bacterial taxa correlated to the intramuscular and subcutaneous fat depots did not overlap, suggesting the microbial population end products likely impacted adipose accumulation largely via separate adipogenic pathways of the host animal.
Bacillus subtilis: a potential growth promoter in weaned pigs in comparison to carbadox
Authors: He Yijie , Kim Kwangwook , Kovanda Lauren , Jinno Cynthia , Song Minho , Chase Jennifer , Li Xunde , Tan Bie , Liu Yanhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of a probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain on growth performance, diarrhea, systemic immunity, and intestinal health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and to compare the efficacy of B. subtilis with that of carbadox. Weaned pigs (n = 48, 6.17 ± 0.36 kg body weight [BW]) were individually housed in disease containment rooms and randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments: negative control (NC, control diet without E. coli challenge), positive control (PC, control diet with E. coli challenge), and supplementation of 50 mg/kg of carbadox (antibiotic growth promotor [AGP]) or 2.56 × 109 CFU/kg of B. subtilis probiotics (PRO). The experiment lasted for 28 d with 7 d before and 21 d after the first E. coli inoculation. Fecal and blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 post inoculation (PI) to analyze β-hemolytic coliforms and complete blood cell count, respectively. Diarrhea score was recorded daily for each pig to calculate the frequency of diarrhea. All pigs were euthanized at day 21 PI to collect jejunal and ileal mucosa for gene expression analysis. Pigs in AGP had greater (P &lt; 0.05) BW on days 7, 14, and 21 PI than pigs in PC and PRO groups. Supplementation of PRO enhanced pigs’ BW on day 21 PI compared with the PC. Escherichia coli F18 challenge reduced (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency from day 0 to 21 PI, while supplementation of carbadox or PRO enhanced ADG and feed efficiency in E. coli F18-challenged pigs from day 0 to 21 PI. Pigs in AGP and PRO groups had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment and fecal β-hemolytic coliforms on day 7 PI than pigs in the PC. Pigs in PRO had greater (P &lt; 0.05) gene expression of CLDN1 in jejunal mucosa than pigs in the PC. Supplementation of carbadox or PRO reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the gene expression of IL6 and PTGS2 in ileal mucosa of E. coli-infected pigs compared with pigs in the PC. Pigs in the PRO group had lower (P &lt; 0.05) white blood cell number and neutrophil count, and serum haptoglobin concentration on day 7 PI, and less (P &lt; 0.05) monocyte count on day 14 PI, compared with PC. In conclusion, supplementation of probiotic B. subtilis could enhance disease resistance and promote the growth performance of weaned pigs under disease challenge conditions. The potential mechanisms include but not limited to enhanced gut barrier integrity and local and systemic immune responses of weaned pigs.
The billion pound drop: the Blitz and agglomeration economies in London
Authors: Dericks Gerard H , Koster Hans R A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We exploit locally exogenous variation from the Blitz bombings to quantify the effect of redevelopment frictions and identify agglomeration economies at a micro-geographic scale. Employing rich location and office rental transaction data, we estimate reduced-form analyses and a spatial general equilibrium model. Our analyses demonstrate that more heavily bombed areas exhibit taller buildings today, and that agglomeration elasticities in London are large, approaching 0.2. Counterfactual simulations show that if the Blitz had not occurred, the concomitant reduction in agglomeration economies arising from the loss of higher-density redevelopment would cause London’s present-day gross domestic product to drop by some 10% (or £50 billion).
Efficacy and toxicity of re-irradiation spine stereotactic body radiotherapy with respect to irradiation dose history
Authors: Ito Kei , Ogawa Hiroaki , Nakajima Yujiro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to clarify the outcomes of re-irradiation stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases with a uniform dose fractionation schedule at our institution.

Methods
Data of patients treated with re-irradiation stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases (September 2013–March 2020) were retrospectively reviewed. The prescribed dose was 24 Gy in two fractions. The spinal cord dose constraint and dose for previously irradiated cases ≥50 Gy in 25 fractions were 12.2 Gy (maximum dose) and 11 Gy, respectively. The endpoints were pain control, local failure and adverse effects. Pain status was measured on a scale of 0–10 using the patients’ self-reports and pain response was defined using international consensus criteria. Local failure was defined as tumor progression on imaging evaluations.

Results
We assessed 133 lesions in 123 patients, where 70 (52.6%) had three or more spinal levels treated, 58 (43.6%) had previous irradiation doses of 40 Gy or more and 53 (39.8%) had the targets compressing the cord. The median follow-up was 12 months and the 3-, 6- and 12-month pain response rate was 75, 64 and 59%, respectively. The 1-year local failure rate was 25.8%. Previous irradiation dose was not correlated with local failure rate (P = 0.13). Radiation-induced myelopathy, radiculopathy and vertebral compression fractures were observed in 4 (3.0%), 2 (1.5%) and 17 (13.8%) lesions, respectively. A trend towards an association between any toxicity and previous irradiation dose was not observed.

Conclusions
Re-irradiation spine stereotactic body radiotherapy achieved good local control and pain control, with reduced risk of radiation myelopathy.
A multicenter non-randomized phase III study of sentinel node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer
Authors: Kamiya Satoshi , Takeuchi Hiroya , Fukuda Kazumasa , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Takahashi Naoto , Mitsumori Norio , Terashima Masanori , Tsujimoto Hironori , Kinami Shinichi , Natsugoe Shoji , Ohi Masaki , Kadoya Shinichi , Fushida Sachio , Hayashi Hideki , Nabeshima Kazuhito , Sakamoto Junichi , Matsuda Satoru , Mayanagi Shuhei , Irino Tomoyuki , Sato Yasunori , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This prospective multicenter non-randomized phase III study aims to evaluate the long-term outcome of sentinel node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer compared with conventional distal or total gastrectomy. Clinically diagnosed primary T1N0M0 gastric cancer patients with a single lesion (≤40 mm) and without previous endoscopic treatment will be enrolled in this study. Sentinel nodes are identified by dye and radioisotope tracers and are subjected to intraoperative rapid pathology. For patients with negative sentinel node metastasis, individualized surgery consisting of limited stomach resection and sentinel node basin dissection is performed, while standard gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection is employed for the positive sentinel node patients. A total of 225 patients will be accrued from 13 hospitals that have experience in sentinel node mapping. The primary endpoint is 5-year relapse-free survival. The secondary endpoints are overall survival, sentinel node detection rate, diagnostic accuracy for sentinel node, distribution of sentinel nodes and metastatic sentinel node/non-sentinel node, and postoperative quality of life.
Association ofGATA3Polymorphisms With Minimal Residual Disease and Relapse Risk in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liu Anthony Pak-Yin , Devidas Meenakshi , Lee Shawn HR , Cao Xueyuan , Pei Deqing , Borowitz Michael , Wood Brent , Gastier-Foster Julie M , Dai Yunfeng , Raetz Elizabeth , Larsen Eric , Winick Naomi , Bowman W Paul , Karol Seth , Yang Wenjian , Martin Paul L , Carroll William L , Pui Ching-Hon , Mullighan Charles G , Evans William E , Cheng Cheng , Hunger Stephen P , Relling Mary V , Loh Mignon L , Yang Jun J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMinimal residual disease (MRD) after induction therapy is one of the strongest prognostic factors in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and MRD-directed treatment intensification improves survival. Little is known about the effects of inherited genetic variants on interpatient variability in MRD.MethodsA genome-wide association study was performed on 2597 children on the Children’s Oncology Group AALL0232 trial for high-risk B-cell ALL. Association between genotype and end-of-induction MRD levels was evaluated for 863 370 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), adjusting for genetic ancestry and treatment strata. Top variants were further evaluated in a validation cohort of 491 patients from the Children’s Oncology Group P9905 and 6 ALL trials. The independent prognostic value of single nucleotide polymorphisms was determined in multivariable analyses. All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsIn the discovery genome-wide association study, we identified a genome-wide significant association at the GATA3 locus (rs3824662, odds ratio [OR] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.35 to 1.84; P = 1.15 × 10-8 as a dichotomous variable). This association was replicated in the validation cohort (P = .003, MRD as a dichotomous variable). The rs3824662 risk allele independently predicted ALL relapse after adjusting for age, white blood cell count, and leukemia DNA index (P = .04 and .007 in the discovery and validation cohort, respectively) and remained prognostic when the analyses were restricted to MRD-negative patients (P = .04 and .03 for the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively).ConclusionInherited GATA3 variant rs3824662 strongly influences ALL response to remission induction therapy and is associated with relapse. This work highlights the potential utility of germline variants in upfront risk stratification in ALL.
Public Health Response to Zika Virus Exposure of Air Force Members Deployed to Caribbean Islands, 2016
Authors: Voss Jameson , Dacey Danny , Ruiz Stefani , Burkhardt Amanda , Pujolar Alain , Swope Christina , Lehman Mark , Shaw Tammy , Leon Juan , Erich Roger , Cowan James , West Carol , Walters Carol , Macias Elizabeth , Lucas Pauline 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe emergence of Zika virus disease (ZVD) in areas of military operations provided a new opportunity for force health protection. ZVD infection had an estimated 4:1 asymptomatic-to-symptomatic ratio and can cause neurologic sequelae.Materials and MethodsWe provide a brief report of a field investigation utilizing laboratory-based surveillance and survey instruments to characterize ZVD risk among personnel deployed to the Dominican Republic in support of Operation NEW HORIZONS (NH). Additionally, we describe a cluster of 3 ZVD cases among 8 aircrew on a short mission to St. Croix (U.S. Virgin Islands).ResultsFollowing Operation NH, 6 of a total 189 deployed cohort members tested positive for ZVD by immunoglobulin M and confirmatory plaque reduction neutralization test (3.2%). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing in urine or serum was positive in 4 of those 6 cases. All 6 cases reported at least one symptom, with 5 reporting subjective fever and arthralgia and 4 reporting rash. Cases were less likely to have air-conditioned living quarters (odds ratio = 0.1; 95% confidence interval 0.02–0.77; P &lt; 0.03), but were otherwise similar to non-cases. Likewise, in St. Croix, 3/8 tested positive by immunoglobulin M and plaque reduction neutralization test for an attack rate of 38%. Similar to Operation NH, all three cases were symptomatic with subjective fever (67%), arthralgia (67%), and/or rash (100%).ConclusionsThis field investigation identified differing, mission location-dependent ZVD attack rates and a 0:9 asymptomatic-to-symptomatic case ratio. As this was unexpected based on a previous report of a 4:1 ratio, it emphasizes the need to be cautious before generalizing outbreak characteristics between populations while also offering additional practical experience for force health protection.
Ketogenic diet, seizure control, and cardiometabolic risk in adult patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy: a review
Authors: Neves Gabriela S , Lunardi Mariana S , Lin Katia , Rieger Débora Kurrle , Ribeiro Letícia C , Moreira Júlia D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pharmacoresistant epilepsy causes serious deleterious effects on the patient’s health and quality of life. For this condition, a ketogenic diet (KD) is a treatment option. The KD is a general term for a set of diets that contain high amounts of fat and low content of carbohydrates. The most prominent KD treatments are classical KD (4:1 ratio of fat to carbohydrate), modified Atkins diet (2:1 to 1:1 ratio), medium-chain triglycerides KD (with medium-chain triglyceride as a part of the fat content), and low glycemic index KD (using low glycemic carbohydrates). KD has been widely prescribed for children with epilepsy but not for adult patients. One of the main concerns about adult use of KD is its cardiovascular risk associated with high-fat and cholesterol intake. Therefore, this narrative review provides comprehensive information of the current literature on the effects of KD on lipid profile, glycemic-control biomarkers, and other cardiometabolic risk factors in adult patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Healthcare Supply Chains
Authors: Betcheva Lidia , Erhun Feryal , Jiang Houyuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Historically, healthcare supply chains have commonly been associated with the procurement and logistics of healthcare supplies and services. However, recent developments in healthcare render this understanding too narrow. This chapter broadens the definition of supply chains in healthcare ecosystems by using concepts from traditional supply chains and supply chain management. The chapter groups healthcare supply chains into four main categories: health services, pharmaceutical, special health services, and health humanitarian supply chains. Next, the chapter discusses the key strategies, challenges, and risks as well as the existing research for these categories. The chapter concludes with a short discussion on future research.
Logistics in Emerging Markets
Authors: Oke Adegoke , Maltz Arnie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The world has become flatter and supply chains have become globally interconnected; efficient cross-border and cross-national supply, production, and distribution of goods and services has become an imperative for global firms. Emerging markets play a major role in the global economy as sources of raw materials, producers of finished goods, and potential markets for goods and services. The efficacy of logistics and supply chain activities is crucial to facilitating global commerce. Yet, there is insufficient knowledge of the intricacies of logistics and supply chain operations in emerging markets in the mainstream supply chain literature. This chapter draws from various literature sources and case examples to discuss logistics challenges and success stories of logistics operations in emerging markets. We contextualize our investigation within the framework of economic, political, infrastructure, competency, and social–cultural factors as they relate to and influence logistics operations in emerging markets. We conclude the chapter by discussing imminent challenges that are yet to be overcome as well as potential opportunities to improve logistics and supply chain operations in emerging markets in the future.
Supply Chain Structure and Competitor Relationship
Authors: Wu Jing , Xu Yang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses recent relevant empirical research using the supply chain structure observed in the actual data, including shock propagation in the supply chain network, social capital, and supply chains, and cross-border supply chains. It also introduces some commonly used empirical methods and databases, and provides the corresponding financial theoretical basis for the conclusions of these studies. Finally, the chapter suggests a new angle to fully utilize the supply chain structure to identify the competitor relationship and the competition intensity. The chapter indicates that higher supply chain overlap increases the correlation of the competitors’ economic performance, suggesting that sharing supply chains reduce competition. This conclusion is helpful for entrepreneurs to better manage firm competitions.
Human Resource Management in an Industry 4.0 Era
Authors: Srinivasan Ravi , Kumar Maneesh , Narayanan Sriram 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With the advent of Industry 4.0, the role of a “typical” worker will change drastically. The new roles will require greater cognitive, problem-solving, and collaboration skills, to name a few. This shift requires that the current human resource management (HRM) practices change in accordance with the future role of the worker. To date, HRM has been focused on identifying workers who are well suited for performing tasks that improve efficiencies of the firm. Instead, new HRM practices need to focus on acquiring and managing the workforce that leverages Industry 4.0 technologies. This chapter identifies the changing landscape of work with respect to supply chain management. Specifically, it identifies the changes that will be ushered in for operations, procurement, logistics, and customer management as a result of Industry 4.0 technologies. Next, the chapter identifies the skills gap, reorganization of work, and changing role of blue- and white-collar workers involved in Industry 4.0 technology usage in daily work. Finally, it provides a framework that can be used by HRM professionals to acquire and reskill their workforce using the ability–motivation–opportunity framework.
Startup Suppliers on the Rise
Authors: Wagner Stephan M. , Kurpjuweit Stefan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Firms are keen to benefit strategically from startups by applying new technologies, products, or services that increase productivity of processes and competitiveness of products. Besides tapping into entrepreneurial innovations through traditional collaboration models such as corporate venture capital or R&D alliances, firms have increasingly begun engaging with startups upon supplier relationships. These buyer–supplier relationships, which are asymmetric by nature, create opportunities for both sides to access, leverage, and combine a partner’s complementary resources as well as to apply new and valuable capabilities, which may ultimately lead to a mutual competitive advantage. However, many attributes that make startups highly attractive partners for increasing the productivity of processes or the innovativeness of products create substantial challenges for buying firms when collaborating with these young firms. Recent empirical evidence suggests that startups are increasingly considered as a new supplier type, which requires the adaptation of conventional supplier management processes and practices by buying firms to achieve desired relationship outcomes. Against this background, this chapter’s purpose is to elaborate on how firms can use ‘procurement’ processes to benefit strategically from startups and how to manage startups as suppliers. The chapter identifies specific challenges that arise from these asymmetric partnerships and provides insights from an in-depth case study of the BMW Startup Garage, offering firms guidance on how to overcome these challenges. The chapter shows how the automaker establishes buyer–supplier relationships with startups and a fast track into BMW. Finally, the chapter also provides recommendations for future research endeavors.