bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide alternative splicing profiling in the fungal plant pathogenSclerotinia sclerotiorumduring the colonization of diverse host families
Authors: Ibrahim Heba M. M. , Kusch Stefan , Didelon Marie , Raffaele Sylvain 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSclerotinia sclerotiorumis a notorious generalist plant pathogen that threatens more than 600 host plants including wild and cultivated species. The molecular bases underlying the broad compatibility ofS. sclerotiorumwith its hosts is not fully elucidated. In contrast to higher plants and animals, alternative splicing (AS) is not well studied in plant pathogenic fungi. AS is a common regulated cellular process that increases cell protein and RNA diversity. In this study, we annotated spliceosome genes in the genome ofS. sclerotiorumand characterized their expressionin vitroand during the colonization of six host species. Several spliceosome genes were differentially expressedin planta, suggesting that AS was altered during infection. Using stringent parameters, we identified 1,487S. sclerotiorumgenes differentially expressedin plantaand exhibiting alternative transcripts. The most common AS events during the colonization of all plants were retained introns and alternative 3′ receiver site. We identifiedS. sclerotiorumgenes expressedin plantafor which (i) the relative accumulation of alternative transcripts varies according to the host being colonized and (ii) alternative transcripts harbor distinct protein domains. This notably included 42 genes encoding predicted secreted proteins showing high confidence AS events. This study indicates that AS events are taking place in the plant pathogenic fungusS. sclerotiorumduring the colonization of host plants and could generate functional diversity in the repertoire of proteins secreted byS. sclerotiorumduring infection.
Prebiotically Plausible Activation Chemistry Compatible with Nonenzymatic RNA Copying
Authors: Zhang Stephanie J. , Duzdevich Daniel , Szostak Jack W. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe nonenzymatic replication of ribonucleic acid (RNA) oligonucleotides may have enabled the propagation of genetic information during the origin of life. RNA copying can be initiated in the laboratory with chemically activated nucleotides, but continued copying requires a source of chemical energy forin situnucleotide activation. Recent work has illuminated a potentially prebiotic cyanosulfidic chemistry that activates nucleotides, but its application to nonenzymatic RNA copying remains a challenge. Here we report a novel pathway that enables the activation of RNA nucleotides in a manner that is compatible with template-directed nonenzymatic polymerization. We show that this pathway selectively yields the reactive imidazolium-bridged dinucleotide intermediate required for nonenzymatic template-directed RNA copying. Our results will enable more realistic prebiotic chemical simulations of RNA copying based on continuous in situ nucleotide activation.
The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human CDK-activating kinase
Authors: Greber Basil J. , Perez-Bertoldi Juan M. , Lim Kif , Iavarone Anthony T. , Toso Daniel B. , Nogales Eva 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe human CDK-activating kinase (CAK), a complex composed of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 7, cyclin H, and MAT1, is a critical regulator of transcription initiation and the cell cycle. It acts by phosphorylating the C-terminal heptapeptide repeat domain of the RNA polymerase II subunit Rpb1, which is an important regulatory event in transcription initiation by Pol II, and it phosphorylates the regulatory T-loop of CDKs that control cell-cycle progression. Here, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of the catalytic module of human CAK, revealing the structural basis of its assembly and providing insight into CDK7 activation in this context. The unique third component of the complex, MAT1, substantially extends the interaction interface between CDK7 and cyclin H, explaining its role as a CAK assembly factor, and it forms interactions with the CDK7 T-loop, which may contribute to enhancing CAK activity. We have also determined the structure of the CAK in complex with the covalently bound inhibitor THZ1 in order to provide insight into the binding of inhibitors at the CDK7 active site and aid in the rational design of therapeutic compounds.SignificanceControl of gene expression and the cell cycle is critical for appropriate cell growth and timely cell division. Failure of the mechanisms regulating these processes can result in proliferative diseases. A molecular complex termed the CDK activating kinase (CAK) impinges on both of these regulatory networks in human cells and is thus a possible drug target for treatment of cancer. Here, we use cryo-electron microscopy to describe the detailed molecular structure of the human CAK, revealing its architecture and the interactions between its regulatory elements. Additionally, we have obtained the structure of the CAK in complex with a small-molecule inhibitor.
In situstructure and organisation of the type IX secretion system
Authors: Gorasia DG , Chreifi G , Seers CA , Butler CA , Heath JE , Glew MD , McBride MJ , Subramanian P , Kjær A , Jensen GJ , Veith PD , Reynolds EC 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTheBacteroidetestype IX secretion system (T9SS) consists of at least 19 components that translocate proteins with a type A or type B C-terminal domain (CTD) signal across the outer membrane. The overall organisation and architecture of this system including how the secretion pore (Sov) interacts with the other components is unknown. We used cryo-electron tomography to obtain the first images of the T9SS including PorK/N rings inside intactPorphyromonas gingivaliscells. Using proteomics, we identified a novel complex between Sov, PorV and PorA and showed that Sov interacts with the PorK/N rings via PorW and a new component PGN_1783. A separate complex comprising the outer membrane β-barrel protein PorP, PorE, and the type B CTD protein PG1035 was also identified. Similarly, theFlavobacterium johnsoniaePorP-like protein, SprF was found bound to the major gliding motility adhesin, SprB. Based on these data, we propose cell surface anchorage for type B CTD proteins to PorP-like proteins and a unique model where the PorK/N rings function as an outer membrane barrier to maintain the close proximity of the translocon to the shuttle and attachment complexes inside the rings, ensuring the harmonized secretion and cell surface attachment of the T9SS substrates.
S-phase independent silencing establishment inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Goodnight Davis , Rine Jasper 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe establishment of silent chromatin, a heterochromatin-like structure atHMLandHMRinSaccharomyces cerevisiae, depends on progression through S phase of the cell cycle, but the molecular nature of this requirement has remained elusive despite intensive study. Using high-resolution chromatin immunoprecipitation and single-molecule RNA analysis, we found that silencing establishment proceeded via gradual repression of transcription in individual cells over several cell cycles, and that the cell-cycle-regulated step was downstream of Sir protein recruitment. In contrast to prior results,HMLandHMRhad identical cell-cycle requirements for silencing establishment, with no apparent contribution from a tRNA gene adjacent toHMR. We identified the cause of the S-phase requirement for silencing establishment: removal of transcription-favoring histone modifications deposited by Dot1, Sas2, and Rtt109. These results revealed that silencing establishment was absolutely dependent on the cell-cycle-regulated interplay between euchromatic and heterochromatic histone modifications.
Rational Design of Minimal Synthetic Promoters for Plants
Authors: Cai Yaomin , Kallam Kalyani , Tidd Henry , Gendarini Giovanni , Salzman Amanda , Patron Nicola J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPromoters serve a critical role in establishing baseline transcriptional capacity through the recruitment of proteins, including transcription factors (TFs). Previously, a paucity of data forcis-regulatory elements in plants meant that it was challenging to determine which sequence elements in plant promoter sequences contributed to transcriptional function. In this study, we have identified functional elements in the promoters of plant genes and plant pathogens that utilise plant transcriptional machinery for gene expression. We have established a quantitative experimental system to investigate transcriptional function, investigating how identity, density and position contribute to regulatory function. We then identified permissive architectures for minimal synthetic plant promoters enabling computational design of a suite of synthetic promoters of different strengths. These have been used to regulate the relative expression of output genes in simple genetic devices.
A centrifuge-based method for identifying novel genetic traits that affect root-substrate adhesion inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Eldridge Bethany M , Larson Emily R , Weldon Laura , Smyth Kevin M , Sellin Annabelle N , Chenchiah Isaac V , Liverpool Tanniemola B , Grierson Claire S 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe physical presence of roots and the compounds they release affect the cohesion between roots and their environment. However, the plant traits that are important for these interactions are unknown and most methods that quantify the contributions of these traits are time-intensive and require specialist equipment and complex substrates. Our lab developed an inexpensive, high-throughput phenotyping assay that quantifies root-substrate adhesion inArabidopsis thaliana. We now report that this method has high sensitivity and versatility for identifying different types of traits affecting root-substrate adhesion including root hair morphology, vesicle trafficking pathways and root exudate composition. We describe a practical protocol for conducting this assay and introduce its use in a forward genetic screen to identify novel genes affecting root-substrate interactions. This assay is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying genetic contributions to cohesion between roots and their environment.
Gastronomic clusters in an Ecuadorian tourist destination: the case of the province of Manabí
Authors: Pérez Gálvez Jesús Claudio , Torres-Matovelle Pablo , Molina-Molina Gina , González Santa Cruz Francisco 
Published: May 2020

PurposeGastronomy is currently becoming a predominant factor for understanding and taking part in the cultural heritage of a destination. The enjoyment of culinary pleasures has become a primary motivating factor when choosing a travel destination. Gastronomy is, therefore, a fundamental part of the satisfaction that the traveller experiences when visiting a location.Design/methodology/approachData collection for the research was based on the completion of fieldwork with a sample of tourists who visited the Ecuadorian province of Manabí. Based on this understanding and completed fieldwork, the study analyses the gastronomic experiences of tourists visiting the province of Manabí (Ecuador).Findingsstudy shows the existence of three types of tourists, based on their higher or lower interest in the local gastronomy when travelling: survivors, enjoyers and experiencers. The results also reveal that there are different levels of satisfaction regarding local gastronomy in terms of interest and the previous cultural motivation of the tourist.Practical implicationsThe characterisation of the different tourist segments identified and the assessments that these dictate regarding the destination’s gastronomy allow tourist managers to develop and offer tourist products adapted to the wishes and needs of tourists.Originality/valueResearch involves the innovation in the use of segmentation models for culinary tourism widely considered in Europe but applied in this case to developing countries in Latin America.
Internet use and rural residents' income growth
Authors: Zhou Xiaoli , Cui Yiwen , Zhang Shaopeng 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the direct effects of Internet use on rural residents' income growth and the indirect effects of increasing their income by promoting rural residents' entrepreneurial and non-agricultural employment.Design/methodology/approachRegarding the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, based on the 2016CFPS data, multiple linear regression analysis and mediation effect analysis are used. To decrease the potential endogeneity of the model, we used the instrumental variable in the model.FindingsThe results show that: (1) Internet use has a direct effect on rural residents' income growth; (2) rural residents' entrepreneurial or non-agricultural employment affects the mechanism of Internet use and their income growth, so that can perform an indirect promotion effect; (3) the direct promotion effect of Internet use is stronger than the indirect promotion effect of entrepreneurship and non-agricultural employment.Originality/valueThe effect of using Internet for the income growth of Chinese farmers has been confirmed by some scholars, but the specific mechanism is still relatively vague. The originality is to consider the intermediary transmission effect of entrepreneurship and non-agricultural employment in the study of the impact of Internet use on Chinese farmers' income growth, and use the mediation effect model for empirical analysis. The empirical research results further reveal this mechanism.
Understanding entrepreneurial deviance through social learning and entrepreneurial action theory: an empirical study
Authors: Duarte Alonso Abel , Kiat Kok Seng , O'Brien Seamus , Geneste Louis 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this exploratory study is to examine entrepreneurial deviance from the perspective of New Zealand's commercial honey producers. The study adopts entrepreneurial action and social learning theories and proposes a theoretical framework in the context of entrepreneurial deviance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through online surveys from 52 professional beekeepers.FindingsOverstocking of beehives, encroachment, biosecurity threats and unfair competition were most common forms of deviance affecting participants. While these predominantly responded through investing in disease prevention, security equipment or by reporting deviant incidents, finding proper solutions remains elusive. The findings revealed robust alignments with both theories. Overall, offenders’ perceived incentives to act illustrate alignment with social learning theory’s four key constructs. Entrepreneurial action emerged through individual perpetrators’ evaluation and subsequent maximisation of potentially lucrative opportunities.Originality/valueThe study addresses an important and under-researched dimension, notably, the negative or “dark” side of entrepreneurs, in this case, illustrated through greed and disregard for fair and proper ways of conducting business. This knowledge gap is even more obvious among small and medium business, which is also the focus of the research.
Time lags, non-linearity and asymmetric effects in an extended service-profit chain
Authors: Strydom Gregory , Ewing Michael T. , Heggen Campbell 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This study aims to present an extended service-profit chain (SPC) framework for assessing service performance. This framework is then used to investigate non-linear and asymmetric links between service delivery investments and customer satisfaction, as well as time lags in organisational performance outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
The study draws on panel data with repeated measures from a sample of automotive after sales service departments. Data collected comprises both objective and survey-based data, including operational inputs, productivity, service quality, service experience, behavioural intentions, customer retention and organisational performance.

Findings
Non-linear and asymmetric effects are identified, suggesting that customers’ evaluations of service performance are more sensitive to negative performance (dissatisfaction) than positive performance (satisfaction). Accordingly, focusing on attributes for which customers are experiencing negative performance first, and then allocating resources to attributes for which customers are experiencing positive performance, can be far more consequential for improving customer satisfaction.

Practical implications
From a practical perspective, the findings deepen current understanding of the relationships between service performance metrics. They also provide guidance for managers seeking to better deploy service resources to enhance service quality, customer satisfaction and customer retention to improve profitability over time.

Originality/value
Drawing on a unique and rich data set, this study provides a significant improvement on previous SPC frameworks by adding new dimensions identified in recent meta-analyses and addresses calls for more research into non-linear, asymmetric and longitudinal effects within the SPC.
Forecasting Pakistan's electricity based on improved discrete grey polynomial model
Authors: Luo Dang , Ambreen Muffarah , Latif Assad , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: May 2020

PurposeElectricity plays an important role in the economic condition of any country. Nowadays, Pakistan is badly affected by shortage of electricity, which directly affected the economic growth of state. The purpose of this study is to propose an improved grey model DGPM(1,1,N) to forecast Pakistan's production of electricity, installed capacity and consumption.Design/methodology/approachTo significantly simulate and predict accuracy, the discrete grey polynomial model DGPM(1,1,N) is improved with new information priority accumulation. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used for parameter optimization. The value of parameter is adjusted into improved grey model. By adjusting the parameter value in the model, the accuracy of prediction is enhanced.FindingsThe installed capacity of electricity needs more attention to improvement through implementation of effective polices, resolving major issues and funding scheme to fulfill the electricity demand of country. And improved DGPM(1,1,N) has better accuracy than original DGPM(1,1,N), DGM(1,1), nongrey models, linear regression and Holt–Winters methods.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a practical and efficient improved grey method to predict the electricity production, consumption and installed capacity in Pakistan. This research and suggestion will help Pakistani government to formulate better policies to decrease the consumption of electricity and increase the installed capacity of electricity.Originality/valueThis paper not only improves the grey model with accumulation generation operator but also forecasts Pakistan's electricity production, installed capacity and consumption. It is a new idea to predict the installed capacity of electricity and the findings provide suggestions for the government to make policies.
High performance work systems in the tourism and hospitality industry: a critical review
Authors: Kloutsiniotis Panagiotis V. , Mihail Dimitrios M. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study aims to provide an up-to-date theoretically based qualitative review regarding the “high-performance work systems” (HPWS) approach in the area of the tourism and hospitality management. The aim is to classify the so-far studies between those that examine the general “black-box” issue and those that investigate the actual process of the “black-box.” Finally, this study identifies the “gaps” in the literature and provides avenues for further research.Design/methodology/approachThis review is based on a systematic critical analysis of the HPWS research that has been conducted explicitly on the tourism and hospitality industry during the years 2004-2019 (N= 28), published in core HRM and management journals.FindingsThis study identifies a significant gap in the progress of the HPWS research in the tourism and hospitality sector, contrary to the so-far research in the generic human resource management (HRM) literature. Hence, recommendations and suggestions are provided for advancing the HPWS research in the particular sector, including the need for more advanced conceptual and statistical models by focusing specifically on the process of the “black-box.”Practical implicationsThe present review contributes considerably to the HPWS research in the tourism and hospitality sector and recommends avenues for further research in enhancing the overall HPWS literature.Originality/valueThis is the first study that reviews the HPWS literature in the tourism and hospitality sector, in an effort to reconcile the differences between the present sector and the generic HRM literature.
Destination image restoration through local gastronomy: the rise of Baja Med cuisine in Tijuana
Authors: Castillo-Villar Fernando Rey 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Developing an effective destination branding strategy in places that have a negative image is still a difficult challenge to overcome for place marketers. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze how developing and promoting a new cuisine can transform a negative destination image into a positive one. The main premise is that food can be an effective way of rebranding a destination.

Design/methodology/approach
The research method used for this exploratory study was the qualitative content analysis of 50 articles from newspapers and magazines in English and websites from the Mexican tourism boards websites.

Findings
The results of the qualitative content analysis showed that local chefs (who are proud of their city and aim to promote their cuisine through the use of local products and the organization of food events) are fundamental for the development of a new and successful cuisine able to change the negative image of a destination.

Originality/value
The paper provides an innovative approach to destination image restoration by analyzing local gastronomy as an important means to offset the negative media projection of a damaged destination image.
Lesson study for students with intellectual disability
Authors: Klefbeck Kamilla 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study aim was to analyze how lesson study can enhance learning for students with intellectual disability, and how teachers' collaboration affects the design and analysis of the intervention.Design/methodology/approachLesson study was used as a methodological framework. Ten special educational needs teachers met the researcher for three collaborative meetings. Between meetings, teachers performed and adjusted a lesson on a particular mathematical issue: quantity and size judgment. To evaluate the lesson design, students completed pre- and post-lesson examinations and attitude tests with Likert-type scales.FindingsStudents' knowledge increased during the study. The mean scores for the first group (six students) were 4.3 in the pre-test and 6.5 in the post-test (effect size 0.9). For the second group (four students), the mean score was 3.8 in the pre-test and 4.3 in the post-test (effect size 0.2). Attitude measurement showed split opinions; seven students had a positive experience and three had a predominantly negative experience. Assessment of teacher certainty using transcribed audio recordings of teachers' statements during the collaborative meetings indicated a positive relation between teacher expressions of certainty and student learning. The teacher–researcher collaboration increased teachers' focus on student learning and deepened the researcher's analysis.Originality/valueThere is an urgent need to explore collaborative development in special educational needs teaching. Lesson study is an effective way of examining teachers' collaborative processes using data on teachers' reasoning about teaching and students' learning.