bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Russian and Global Experience of Developing the Regulatory Framework for the Technical Regulation of Architectural Design
Authors: Chechel I P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Results of construction, i.e. buildings and related structures, must conform to the public demand to the quality of newly-built objects, their physical, sanitary, and environmental safety. National technical regulation systems are intended to ensure these conditions. To be successful, a system must be legally supported, well-structured and time-tested. An adjusted system does not impose requirements onto construction players, but employs mechanisms to control compliance with such requirements and assess regulatory compliance of controlled objects and subjects. Furthermore, the system ensures favorable conditions for economic wellbeing of the territories where a controlled objects is constructed through the balance of public interests regarding safety of such objects and private interests regarding their cost-effectiveness. Studies of experience of technical regulation of the construction sector in economically developed countries clearly demonstrate that technical regulation objectives are the same regardless of forms of national technical regulation systems. The systems developed in different countries are mostly national phenomena and are differently structured. Each state has a unique regulation model reflecting peculiarities of establishment and development of the legal system, organization of the state structure and public administration, national traditions, level of technical development of the construction sector, and general level of qualification of human resources. National systems reflect the multitude of ways, methods and means of completing technical regulation objectives in the sphere of construction. The article describes regulatory frameworks of technical regulation systems of a range of Western and European countries and of the Russian Federation. This country covered a long way and continues to develop and improve as regards technical regulation. According to the author, new forms and principles of establishing, developing and structuring regulatory frameworks are needed, which is why there are indisputable interest and use in analyzing global experience. This will help to adapt the best global practices in the regulatory sphere to the general system of technical regulation of the Russian Federation and establish a modern regulatory platform on the new evolutionary level. Analysis and evaluation of how effectively current national technically regulation systems performs helps to present the author’s point of view on the further improvement of the regulatory framework of the system of technical regulation of construction in the Russian Federation by creating a new organizational model of this structure to be developed according to the performance-based principle and contain combined blocks of normative standards enforced by different agencies and applied both to the building in whole and its elements in particular.
Measures to Improve Working Conditions and Reduce Dust and Gas Emissions in the Quarries of the Mining and Processing Plant
Authors: Zvyagintseva A V , Sazonova S A , Kulneva V V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Research is crried out on the existing measures to suppress dust and gas emissions during mass explosions at the quarry of a mining and processing plant. Measures have been developed to reduce dust and gas emissions, taking into account the analysis of existing measures to suppress dust and gas emissions during mass explosions at the quarry of the mining plant of JSC «Lebedinsky MPP». Studies of surface active substances on the wettability of dust particles have been carried out. In order to improve working conditions, it was proposed to reduce dust and gas emissions by suppressing them in the source of formation using the method of wetting and sticking together of dust particles. The proposed engineering and technical solution can be used to reduce dust and gas emissions during mass explosions at the quarries of various mining and processing enterprises. The developed method is proposed to be used to ensure environmental safety and improve working conditions in industries with increased dust content by increasing the efficiency of dust collection.
Explosive Preparation of Rocks in Career with Well Retarders
Authors: Shevkun E B , Leshchinsky A V , Lysak Yu A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article deals with improving the quality of fragmentation of rocks by blast due to increase in intervals of delay. It shows the change in understanding of the mechanism of rock destruction under the influence of blast loads in recent decades. The mechanical effect of blast loads is manifested not only in crushing of rocks, but also in the weakening of their strength in remote distances from a charge. In the area of the blast wave compressive and tensile loads lead to the development of existing micro-defects and micro-cracks. The rock mass changes its strength properties, passes into a new state, called pre-destruction. The increase of delay time between blasts of charges increases the overall time of the blast, contributes to the merging of cracks and a gradual decrease in the sizes of the structural elements of the rocks. Impact on rocks alternating loads up to 20 or more times allows to increase the distance between the charges.
Error of Altimetric Determination of the Wind Speed over the Ocean, Caused by Dominant Waves
Authors: Zapevalov A S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The analysis of the error in the restoration of wind speed according to altimetry measurements is performed. For analysis, a spectral model of the field of surface waves was used. The model takes into account changes in the field of surface waves at different stages of its development. A factor that reduces the accuracy of measurements is the ambiguity of the relationship between wind speed and the variation of slopes created by long waves. It is shown that when sounding in the C band of radio waves, the error in measuring wind speed is about 2 times higher than when sounding in the Ku band. It is also shown that at a wind speed of less than 15 m/s, the influence of long waves on the accuracy of altimetry measurements of wind speed can be neglected. At a wind speed of 30 m/s, estimates of wind speed obtained from altimetry measurements may vary by 0.57 m/s when probing in the C range, and by 0.27 m/s when probing in the Ku range.
The Generation of Absorption Qualities of Lignite Absorbents under Conditions of Alkali Activation
Authors: Vorsina E V , Moskalenko T V , Mikheev V A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article presents the research of absorbent qualities of carbon materials generated by an alkali activation of lignite from the Kharanorsk deposit. The mass ratio of potassium hydroxide/lignite RKOH=1 g/g under thermal impact and further thermolysis for 60 min at 800 °C allowed to create samples with almost 100% iodine absorbent activity (1000 mg/g). In order to improve economic and environmental performance of absorbent production with lignite activation by potassium hydroxide, the research explored qualitative characteristics of absorbents generated with RPH< 1 g/g: 0.25; 0.5 and 0.75 g/g. It has been established that if the ratio of KOH/lignite is lowered to 1.0-0.25 g/g, the absorbent activity for iodine reduces without any significant impact on the output of the product. The iodine adsorption activity for generated carbon materials at RPH< 1 g/g meets the requirements for this indicator of industrially produced activated carbons that are in demand in the market. To generate absorbents from Kharanorsk lignite with iodine adsorption activity not less than 40%, the recommended ratio of KOH/lignite RKOH=0.25 g/g and the duration of isothermal exposure is t=30 min; NTL 80 % - RKOH=0.5 g/g and t=30 min; NLT 90 % - RKOH=1,0 g/g and t=30-60 min.
Assessment of Groundwater Contamination in Municipal Solid Waste Landfill nearby Small Settlements
Authors: Korshunov A A , Nevzorov A L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
European North with a low population density and poorly developed transport infrastructure, it is difficult to organize waste removal and storage at large landfills, therefore many settlements have small landfills of municipal solid waste (MSW), and the practice of placing them in marshes is very common, which leads to the migration of pollutants into adjacent water bodies. Systematic monitoring of the environmental in the vicinity of such landfills is hampered by high costs of periodic water sampling and chemical composition analyses. It is possible to decrease the number of substances under analysis and thus reduce costs by determining the marker substances, the concentration of which in groundwater near the landfill has stable correlations with the content of other pollutants. The article provides results of cluster analysis made it possible to identify marker substances. To assess the extent of groundwater contamination at landfills of the Arkhangelsk region monitoring of solid waste landfills was organized, which included sampling and studying the chemical composition of the samples. The results of the study have shown that the dependences obtained are applicable for a large landfill in the capital of the region – the City of Arkhangelsk, while for landfills in small settlements the dependences need to be adjusted.
Territorial Assessment of the Infrastructure in Rural Areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Sattarova G A , Zakirov I V , Khamadeeva Z A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper presents integral assessment of the territorial infrastructural conditions in rural areas, which is based on aggregating the performance metrics of sociocultural infrastructures and public utilities. Sociocultural infrastructure assessment took into account the availability of schooling for children, inpatient hospital beds, doctors and nurses, as well as seats in cultural venues per person. Public utilities were assessed in terms of housing conditions, while the state of local roads was assessed in terms of road-grid density, the length percentage of hard-paved roads, and the length percentage of standard-compliant local roads. The authors hereof group the municipalities in the Republic of Bashkortostan by their infrastructural conditions and outline the priorities of such development for different rural areas.
Spatiotemporal Trends in Changes in the River Water Contents in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Authors: Shpakova R N , Kusatov K I , Mustafin S K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Studies of long-term fluctuations of the river flow are of interest with regard to causal relationships and associations between the climate changes and water regimen of the rivers. It is important to minimize the negative effects associated with fluctuations in the river flow based on long-term predictions of the water contents. Long-term and very long-term predictions of the water contents require understanding of the nature of the long-term changes in the water contents of the rivers. Investigation of the spatial trends in changes in the river water contents is important. It was established that there was an increasing straight-line trend of change in water content for the majority of the rivers on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) during the period from 1964 till 2015. Mapping of the slope factor of the linear trends allowed to determine the main regularities of the spatial breakdown of the type of perennial change in river flows. Besides, smoothing of the time series of the river flow by the method of 20–year sliding linear trend in a span of twenty years allowed to establish the types of perennial change in water content for each water body with further zoning.
Microplastic in the Coastal Sea Waters of Russian Far East
Authors: Blinovskaya Ya , Zakharenko A , Golokhvast K , Chernysh O , Zubtsova I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Their availability, low cost, applicability in virtually any industrial sector and any household have not only resulted in plastics becoming an everywhere used material, but owing to its specific structure resulting in an issue pertaining to environmental pollution. There are 13 monitoring stations within research area to include recreational and industrial areas differing in hydrodynamic behaviour. The research geography bearing in mind the Russia’s scale is not vast so far, yet it is being expanded yearly. Research was done at seven Vladivostok beaches, two beaches at the head of the Amur Bay and three beaches of the Posyet Bay. All the samples taken at the western side of the bay at the depths of 2-6m contained microplastic particles. Quality analysis of all the samples collected was carried out using mass-spectrometric method and that of infrared microscopy. It has been found that the chemical constitution of the samples studied is represented mostly by polyethene, polypropylene, particles of polystyrene and polyvinylchloride. Coastal samples frequently contain cellulose. A certain amount of methylaniline, formaldehydes, and monocarbozides was detected. All the said gives ground for ascertaining harmful influence of microplastics not only on sea water quality but on the state of marine biota.
Methodological Approaches in Determining Damage from Environmental Risks Generated by Transport Impacts
Authors: Kosinova I I , Fonova S I , Mironenko N I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article discusses the emerging risks from road transport, the nature of the impact of vehicles on the environment. The ranking of the specified total pollution index is given, which determines the need for actions to restore the natural environment. The calculation of environmental risk and damage caused by the roadside area by a number of heavy metals is presented.
Research of Typical Schemes of Conversion of Stations for Speed Passenger Traffic in Comparison with the Variant of the Bypass Construction
Authors: Kukleva N V , Kuklev D N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The development of railway high-speed passenger traffic in Russia under conditions, when the construction of a high-speed line is still at the stage of justification, is an actual and rather difficult task, requiring a thorough feasibility study. This task is sometimes even more complicated than the construction of a new line for the implementation of high-speed traffic, as it requires taking into account a large number of factors, for example, procedure of construction work at a large number of separate points with track development, even small ones, of intermediate stations and divert stations. As a suggestion, the authors review, as an alternative to reconstructive measures, the principle possibility of using detours for the passage of high-speed passenger trains, which in practice are often used for transit traffic organization, more often freight traffic, less frequently – passenger traffic. Previously proposed typical schemes of the conversion of intermediate separate points with track development for high-speed passenger traffic are being analyzed; conclusions about the possibility of using bypass lines instead of reconstruction are being made. The article may be useful to specialists, who make researches in the sphere of high-speed passenger traffic organization from the point of view of preparation of existing highways in general, and railway stations in particular.
Interpretation of Integrated Aerial Geophysical Surveys by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Mining: a Case of Additional Flank Exploration
Authors: Parshin A V , Budyak A E , Babyak V N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Low-attitude remote Earth sensing (RES) performed by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) helps run geological surveys more efficiently; aeromagnetic surveys have been on rise recently. UAV surveying can be made significantly more informative and cost-effective by switching from monomethod surveying to integrated efforts that combine multiple complementary methods. However, how to run such surveys efficiently is a question barely covered in special literature. This paper uses evidence from a site in Bodaybinsky District (Eastern Siberia, Russia), a promising black-shale gold mineralization site, to analyze a typical geological exploration case, namely additional exploration of underexplored areas near a known deposit. It considers a method for integrated UAV geophysical surveying and its interpretation; this multi-method approach comprises aeromagnetic surveys, gamma radiometry, and multispectral photography. Emphasis is made on how important correct interpretation of geophysical data is for the latter. The paper shows that such photography is necessary for identifying man-affected segments in the area and for assessing the distribution of vegetation in it; this helps adjust the gamma background charts. Use of integrated low-altitude surveys taken from UAVs helps quickly and cheaply identify potential gold-bearing sites by a set of indirect features. Exploratory drilling has proven the approach effective.
Diagnostics of Sediment Occurrence in Interblade Channel of Injector Impeller of Gas Compressing Station by Changes of Gas Flow and Torque
Authors: Stepanov M S , Bunyakin A V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Today no gas purification method exists which can be considered absolutely efficient. Thus, when gas compilation in conducted a problem of sediment formation occurs in a flow passage of the gas compression station (GCS) injector. The paper considers the mathematical simulation of the force moment change at the injector impeller of GCS caused by sediment occurrence in the interblade channel of impellers. In addition, the authors study the change of force moment in relation to the thickness of a sediment layer. Also, the research concentrates on the change of circumferential force at the impeller due to the change of force moment.
Forecasting and Managing Professional Risks Using Information-Analytical Systems Based on Fuzzy Logic Methods
Authors: Semeykin A Yu , Klimova E V , Kochetkova I A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies aimed at improving the effectiveness of professional risk management in enterprises of various industries. For this purpose, an information-analytical system has been developed. It consist of modules for accumulating and processing statistical information about incidents, qualifications, competence of employees, a module for forecasting incidents and determining the degree of risk, and a module for determining options for management decisions. The proposed modules are components of a comprehensive integrated occupational safety management system. It has been designed to determine the level of professional risk of personnel of industrial enterprises and hazardous production facilities and ensure the safety of production activities. Using the product will allow enterprises to interactively monitor the dynamics of personnel competency indicators, the technical condition of production facilities, external factors and predict the risks of accidents and emergencies at enterprises and hazardous production facilities. The use of a fuzzy analysis of incidents by various factors makes it possible to compare data on the personnel of enterprises and evaluate the statistical probability of incidents and accidents. This allows us to identify categories of employees of enterprises for whom the value of occupational risk exceeds the allowable values, and make decisions to reduce it.
Functional Groups of Bacteria and Their Involvement in Geochemical Processes in Microbial Communities of Mineral Sources in Sakhalin Island (Far East, Russia)
Authors: Lebedeva E G , Kharitonova N A , Chelnokov G A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The chemical composition of mineral waters as well as the diversity, quantity and distribution peculiarities of different functional groups of bacteria in microbial mats in Sakhalin mineral springs was studied. The prevalence of sodium cations in the composition of bicarbonate anions and chloride ions was noticed. The studied waters were substantially enriched with silicone, iodine, boron, iron and strontium. It was established that the main morphogenic bacteria in the mats of cold springs were the colorless sulfur bacteria Thiotrix sp. The microbial mats formed at the outlets of Sakhalin mineral springs contain a high quantity of different functional bacteria groups that play an important role in the geochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, iron and manganese. Prevalence of bacteria of sulfur and carbon cycles is a peculiarity of microbial mats in Antonovsky and Nevelsky mineral waters. The important role of sulfur cycle bacteria is confirmed by high quantities of thionic, sulfate-reducing bacteria and colorless sulfur bacteria. The mat of Alexandrovsky thermal spring contains a high amount of bacteria of carbon and nitrogen geochemical cycles; an important role of these microorganisms in mat’s functioning is shown. Pure bacterial cultures were isolated; they mostly include gram-positive, spore-forming motile rods Bacillus sp.
Modeling Frequency Dependences of Surface Impedance on Geoelectrical Structure of Frozen Ground in Range 1-108 Hz
Authors: Efremov V N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The results of numerical modeling of frequency dependence of permafrost surface impedance in a band of 1 Hz to 100 MHz are shown for typical geoelectric sections (GESs) of Central Yakutia. Particular qualities of frequency dependence are represented by oscillation values in a wide frequency band. The role the displacement and conduction currents in permafrost for the given range of frequencies play is marked. Two main bilayer models of permafrost are discussed: weak-inductive and strong-inductive models. Additional three-six layer models are considered along with indication of their particular qualities and conformity with natural sections. The influence of effect of thin conductive layer in permafrost is shown by sites long half-period occurrence of oscillation of impedance’ module and argument values, caused by displacement currents predominance in the horizon of frozen mellow sediments and by conduction currents outweighing in the underlying horizonю One marks the significance the phase curves when used for determination of GES type under condition of approximate automatic interpretation of radio impedance and RMT methods data.