bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DSS1 and ssDNA regulate oligomerization of BRCA2
Authors: Le Hang Phuong , Ma Xiaoyan , Vaquero Jorge , Brinkmeyer Megan , Guo Fei , Heyer Wolf-Dietrich , Liu Jie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The tumor suppressor BRCA2 plays a key role in initiating homologous recombination by facilitating RAD51 filament formation on single-stranded DNA. The small acidic protein DSS1 is a crucial partner to BRCA2 in this process. In vitro and in cells (1,2), BRCA2 associates into oligomeric complexes besides also existing as monomers. A dimeric structure was further characterized by electron microscopic analysis (3), but the functional significance of the different BRCA2 assemblies remains to be determined. Here, we used biochemistry and electron microscopic imaging to demonstrate that the multimerization of BRCA2 is counteracted by DSS1 and ssDNA. When validating the findings, we identified three self-interacting regions and two types of self-association, the N-to-C terminal and the N-to-N terminal interactions. The N-to-C terminal self-interaction of BRCA2 is sensitive to DSS1 and ssDNA. The N-to-N terminal self-interaction is modulated by ssDNA. Our results define a novel role of DSS1 to regulate BRCA2 in an RPA-independent fashion. Since DSS1 is required for BRCA2 function in recombination, we speculate that the monomeric and oligomeric forms of BRCA2 might be active for different cellular events in recombinational DNA repair and replication fork stabilization.
Effect of Anatomic Segment Involvement on Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Facial Nerve Schwannomas: An International Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Mehta Gautam U , Lekovic Gregory P , Slattery William H , Brackmann Derald E , Long Hao , Kano Hideyuki , Kondziolka Douglas , Mureb Monica , Bernstein Kenneth , Langlois Anne-Marie , Mathieu David , Nabeel Ahmed M , Reda Wael A , Tawadros Sameh R , Abdelkarim Khaled , El-Shehaby Amr M N , Emad Reem M , Mohammed Nasser , Urgosik Dusan , Liscak Roman , Lee Cheng-chia , Yang Huai-che , Montazeripouragha Amanallah , Kaufmann Anthony M , Joshi Krishna C , Barnett Gene H , Trifiletti Daniel M , Lunsford L Dade , Sheehan Jason P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Facial nerve schwannomas are rare, challenging tumors to manage due to their nerve of origin. Functional outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are incompletely defined.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the effect of facial nerve segment involvement on functional outcome for these tumors.

METHODS
Patients who underwent single-session SRS for facial nerve schwannomas with at least 3 mo follow-up at 11 participating centers were included. Preoperative and treatment variables were recorded. Outcome measures included radiological tumor response and neurological function.

RESULTS
A total of 63 patients (34 females) were included in the present study. In total, 75% had preoperative facial weakness. Mean tumor volume and margin dose were 2.0 ± 2.4 cm3 and 12.2 ± 0.54 Gy, respectively. Mean radiological follow-up was 45.5 ± 38.9 mo. Progression-free survival at 2, 5, and 10 yr was 98.1%, 87.2%, and 87.2%, respectively. The cumulative proportion of patients with regressing tumors at 2, 5, and 10 yr was 43.1%, 63.6%, and 63.6%, respectively. The number of involved facial nerve segments significantly predicted tumor progression (P = .04). Facial nerve function was stable or improved in 57 patients (90%). Patients with involvement of the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve were significantly more likely to have an improvement in facial nerve function after SRS (P = .03). Hearing worsened in at least 6% of patients. Otherwise, adverse radiation effects included facial twitching (3 patients), facial numbness (2 patients), and dizziness (2 patients).

CONCLUSION
SRS for facial nerve schwannomas is effective and spares facial nerve function in most patients. Some patients may have functional improvement after treatment, particularly if the labyrinthine segment is involved.
Translating COVID-19 Evidence to Maximize Physical Therapists’ Impact and Public Health Response
Authors: Dean Elizabeth , Jones Alice , Yu Homer Peng-Ming , Gosselink Rik , Skinner Margot 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has sounded alarm bells throughout global health systems. As of late May, 2020, over 100,000 COVID-19–related deaths were reported in the United States, which is the highest number of any country. This article describes COVID-19 as the next historical turning point in the physical therapy profession’s growth and development. The profession has had over a 100-year tradition of responding to epidemics, including poliomyelitis; 2 world wars and geographical regions experiencing conflicts and natural disasters; and, the epidemic of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The evidence-based role of noninvasive interventions (nonpharmacological/nonsurgical) that hallmark physical therapist practice has emerged as being highly relevant today in addressing COVID-19 in 2 primary ways. First, despite some unique features, COVID-19 presents as acute respiratory distress syndrome in its severe acute stage. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is very familiar to physical therapists in intensive care units. Body positioning and mobilization, prescribed based on comprehensive assessments/examinations, counter the negative sequelae of recumbency and bedrest; augment gas exchange and reduce airway closure, deconditioning, and critical illness complications; and maximize long-term functional outcomes. Physical therapists have an indisputable role across the contiuum of COVID-19 care. Second, over 90% of individuals who die from COVID-19 have comorbidities, most notably cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic lung disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Physical therapists need to redouble their efforts to address NCDs by assessing patients for risk factors and manifestations and institute evidence-based health education (smoking cessation, whole-food plant-based nutrition, weight control, physical activity/exercise), and/or support patients’ efforts when these are managed by other professionals. Effective health education is a core competency for addressing risk of death by COVID-19 as well as NCDs. COVID-19 is a wake-up call to the profession, an opportunity to assert its role throughout the COVID-19 care continuum, and augment public health initiatives by reducing the impact of the current pandemic.
Porous silicon carbide coated with tantalum as potential material for bone implants
Authors: Ma Zhijie , Li Jingyu , Cao Fang , Yang Jiahui , Liu Rong , Zhao Dewei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Porous silicon carbide (SiC) has a specific biomorphous microstructure similar to the trabecular microstructure of human bone. Compared with that of bioactive ceramics, such as calcium phosphate, SiC does not induce spontaneous interface bonding to living bone. In this study, bioactive tantalum (Ta) metal deposited on porous SiC scaffolds by chemical vapour deposition was investigated to accelerate osseointegration and improve the bonding to bones. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the Ta coating evenly covered the entire scaffold structure. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the coating consisted of Ta phases. The bonding strength between the Ta coating and the SiC substrate is 88.4 MPa. The yield strength of porous SiC with a Ta coating (pTa) was 45.8 ± 2.9 MPa, the compressive strength was 61.4 ± 3.2 MPa and the elastic modulus was ∼4.8 GPa. When MG-63 human osteoblasts were co-cultured with pTa, osteoblasts showed good adhesion and spreading on the surface of the pTa and its porous structure, which showed that it has excellent bioactivity and cyto-compatibility. To further study the osseointegration properties of pTa. PTa and porous titanium (pTi) were implanted into the femoral neck of goats for 12 weeks, respectively. The Van-Gieson staining of histological sections results that the pTa group had better osseointegration than the pTi group. These results indicate that coating bioactive Ta metal on porous SiC scaffolds could be a potential material for bone substitutes.
Adiposity covaries with signatures of asymmetric feedback learning during adaptive decisions
Authors: Verstynen Timothy , Dunovan Kyle , Walsh Catherine , Kuan Chieh-Hsin , Manuck Stephen B , Gianaros Peter J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Unhealthy weight gain relates, in part, to how people make decisions based on prior experience. Here we conducted post hoc analysis on an archival data set to evaluate whether individual differences in adiposity, an anthropometric construct encompassing a spectrum of body types, from lean to obese, associate with signatures of asymmetric feedback learning during value-based decision-making. In a sample of neurologically healthy adults (N = 433), ventral striatal responses to rewards, measured using fMRI, were not directly associated with adiposity, but rather moderated its relationship with feedback-driven learning in the Iowa gambling task, tested outside the scanner. Using a biologically inspired model of basal ganglia-dependent decision processes, we found this moderating effect of reward reactivity to be explained by an asymmetrical use of feedback to drive learning; that is, with more plasticity for gains than for losses, stronger reward reactivity leads to decisions that minimize exploration for maximizing long-term outcomes. Follow-up analysis confirmed that individual differences in adiposity correlated with signatures of asymmetric use of feedback cues during learning, suggesting that reward reactivity may especially relate to adiposity, and possibly obesity risk, when gains impact future decisions more than losses.
The COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Financially Fragile and Aging Societies
Authors: van Dalen Hendrik P , Henkens Kène 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The current COVID-19 crisis teaches organizations and households harsh lessons about the necessity of having buffers, to deal with the consequences of the COVID-19 virus. The financial fragility of households and the rising proportion of people becoming obese calls for intensified efforts, both by individuals and employers to create financial buffers and keep on investing in health. The financial fragility of organizations is a wake-up call that a short-term focus on efficiency can be counterproductive and may overturn the efforts to start working longer.
The osteology of the early-diverging dinosaurDaemonosaurus chauliodus(Archosauria: Dinosauria) from theCoelophysisQuarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early dinosaurs
Authors: Nesbitt Sterling J , Sues Hans-Dieter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe early evolution of dinosaurs is documented by abundant postcranial material, but cranial material is much rarer and comparisons of cranial features among early dinosaurs are limited to only a few specimens. Here, we fully detail the osteology of the unusual early-diverging dinosaur Daemonosaurus chauliodus from the latest Triassic Coelophysis Quarry in northern New Mexico, USA. The taxon possesses a unique and curious suite of character states present in a variety of early dinosaurs, and the morphology of D. chauliodus appears to link the morphology of Herrerasaurus with that of later diverging eusaurichians. Our phylogenetic analyses places D. chauliodus at the base of dinosaurs and our interpretation of the unusual mix of character states of D. chauliodus does not lead to a firm conclusion about its nearest relationships or its implications for the evolution of character state transitions at the base of Dinosauria. The combination of character states of D. chauliodus should not be ignored in future considerations of character evolution in early dinosaurs. As one of the last members of the earliest radiation of saurischians in the Carnian–early Norian, D. chauliodus demonstrates that members of the original diversification of dinosaurs survived until nearly the end of the Triassic Period.
Prognostic factors of pacing-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhou Yu-Jie , Zeng Yu-Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground:The detrimental outcomes of right ventricular pacing on left ventricular electromechanical function ultimately result in heart failure, a phenomenon termed pacing-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) in clinical research. This study aimed to validate prognostic factors that can be used to identify patients with higher susceptibility to progress to the stage of cardiomyopathy before pacemaker implantation.Methods:This observational analysis enrolled 256 patients between January 2013 and June 2016, 23 (8.98%) of whom progressed to PICM after 1 year of follow-up. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the prognostic factors associated with PICM. Dose-response analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between significant indicators in multifactor analysis and PICM.Results:The mean values of left ventricular ejection fraction before and after pacemaker implantation in 23 patients diagnosed with PICM were 62.3% and 42.7%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that sex, atrio-ventricular block, paced QRS duration, and ventricular pacing percentage were significantly associated with PICM. In the multivariate analysis, male sex (hazard ratio: 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.33,P < 0.005), paced QRS duration (hazard ratio: 1.95 per 1 ms increase, 95% CI: 1.80–2.12,P < 0.001), and ventricular pacing percentage (hazard ratio: 1.65 per 1% increase, 95% CI: 1.51–1.79,P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors associated with the development of PICM. The ventricular pacing percentage and paced QRS duration level defined by the dose-response analysis were positively associated with PICM (P < 0.05).Conclusions:Our findings indicated that paced QRS duration and ventricular pacing percentage were the most sensitive prognostic factors for PICM.
Risk factors for surgical-site infections after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a study in China
Authors: Qiao Yong-Qi , Zheng Li , Jia Bei , Wang Wei-Hua , Zheng Xiao-Hao , Fan Lin-Lin , Xie Yi-Bin , Tian Yan-Tao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
About 10% of patients get a surgical-site infection (SSI) after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, but SSI remains controversial among surgeons. The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for SSIs after radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer to guide clinical therapies and reduce the incidence of SSI.

Methods
The study was a retrospective cohort study in patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. SSI was defined in accordance with the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System. We evaluated patient-related and peri-operative variables that could be risk factors for SSIs. The Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between these risk factors and SSI.

Results
Among the 590 patients, 386 were men and 204 were women. The mean age was 56.6 (28–82) years and 14.2% (84/590) of these patients had an SSI. Among them, incisional SSI was observed in 23 patients (3.9%) and organ/space SSI in 61 patients (10.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified sex (odds ratios [ORs] = 2.548, and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.268–5.122, P = 0.009), total gastrectomy (OR = 2.327, 95% CI: 1.352–4.004, P = 0.002), albumin level (day 3 after surgery) <30 g/L (OR = 1.868, 95% CI: 1.066–3.274, P = 0.029), and post-operative total parenteral nutrition (OR = 2.318, 95% CI: 1.026–5.237, P = 0.043) as independent risk factors for SSI.

Conclusions
SSI was common among patients after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The method supporting post-operative nutrition and the duration of prophylactic antibiotics may be important modifiable influencing factors for SSI.
Long-term Results of Intraocular Pressure Elevation and Post-DMEK Glaucoma After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Maier Anna-Karina B. , Pilger Daniel , Gundlach Enken , Winterhalter Sibylle , Torun Necip 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
Intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation occurs regularly after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). This study evaluated the long-term incidence of IOP elevation and post-DMEK glaucoma after DMEK.

Methods:
A total of 463 consecutive DMEKs in 352 patients performed between September 2011 and September 2014 at the Universitätsmedizin-Charité Berlin were reviewed. Data of the second treated eye of each patient and of re-DMEKs during the follow-up were excluded. The 12- and 36-month incidence of IOP elevation and post-DMEK glaucoma was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. IOP elevation was defined as IOP ≥22 mm Hg or ≥10 mm Hg from preoperative baseline. COX regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for IOP elevation and the development of a post-DMEK glaucoma.

Results:
The 12-month incidence of IOP elevation was 15.9% [95 confidence interval (CI), 12.0%–19.8%] and that of post-DMEK glaucoma was 3.9% (95 CI, 1.7%–6.1%); the 36-month incidence was 18.8% (95 CI, 14.5%–23.1%) and that of post-DMEK glaucoma was 6.6% (95 CI, 3.7%–9.5%). The most frequent cause was steroid-induced IOP elevation with a 12-month incidence of 11.7% (95 CI, 8.2%–15.2%) and a 36-month incidence of 12.9% (95 CI, 9.2%–16.6%), respectively. The incidence of postoperative pupillary block IOP elevation was 7.5% (95 CI, 4.8%–10.2%). A preexisting glaucoma increased the risk of IOP elevation [P < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) 3.331; 95% CI, 1.919–5.782] and the development of a post-DMEK glaucoma (P < 0.001, HR 6.633; 95% CI, 2.556–17.215). The preoperative diagnosis also influenced the risk of IOP elevation [Fuchs corneal dystrophy (FED) vs. bullous keratopathy; P = 0.012, HR 2.354; 95% CI, 1.203–4.608] and post-DMEK glaucoma (FED vs. graft failure; P = 0.01, HR 4.412; 95% CI, 1.419–13.723, FED vs. bullous keratopathy; P = 0.09, HR 2.679; 95% CI, 0.858–8.358).

Conclusions:
Incidence of IOP elevation is high in the first 12 months after DMEK, especially steroid-induced IOP elevation. Steroid-induced IOP elevation could be treated effectively by tapering down the steroid medication or changing the steroid drug. A preexisting glaucoma and the preoperative diagnosis increase the risk for an IOP elevation and a post-DMEK glaucoma.
Ubiquinol Supplementation of Donor Tissue Enhances Corneal Endothelial Cell Mitochondrial Respiration
Authors: Skeie Jessica M. , Aldrich Benjamin T. , Nishimura Darryl Y. , Schmidt Gregory A. , Zimmerman M. Bridget , Ling Jennifer J. , Naguib Youssef W. , Salem Aliasger K. , Greiner Mark A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To determine whether ubiquinol improves mitochondrial function and cell viability in human donor corneal endothelial cells during hypothermic corneal tissue storage.

Methods:
Endothelial cell Descemet membrane tissues were treated with 10 μM ubiquinol, the reduced form of the antioxidant coenzyme Q10, for 5 days in Optisol-GS storage media before assaying for mitochondrial activity using extracellular flux analysis of oxygen consumption. In addition, endothelial cell Descemet membrane tissues were analyzed for cell viability using apoptosis and necrosis assays. Control tissues from mate corneas were treated with diluent only, and comparisons were analyzed for differences.

Results:
A total of 13 donor corneal tissues with a mean (SEM) preservation time of 11.8 days (0.4) were included for the analysis. Treatment with 10 μM ubiquinol increased spare respiratory capacity by 174% (P = 0.001), maximal respiration by 93% (P = 0.003), and proton leak by 80% (P = 0.047) compared with controls. Cells treated with ubiquinol had no significant change in cell necrosis or apoptosis.

Conclusions:
Preliminary testing in donor corneal tissue at specified doses indicates that ubiquinol may be a useful biocompatible additive to hypothermic corneal storage media that increases corneal endothelial cell mitochondrial function. Additional investigations are indicated to further study and optimize the dose and formulation of ubiquinol for use in preserving donor corneal tissue function during hypothermic storage.
Intrathecal delivery of hydromorphone vs morphine for refractory cancer pain: a multicenter, randomized, single-blind, controlled noninferiority trial
Authors: Ma Ke , Jin Yi , Wang Lin , Feng Zhi-Ying , Song Tao , Yang Xiao-Qiu , Chen Fu-Qiang , Duan Bao-Lin , Huang You-Qing , Xie Guang-Lun , Bao Hong-Guang , Wang Kun , Xu Jiang-Tao , Lu Yan , Liu Yan-Qing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hydromorphone is an alternative to morphine for intrathecal drug delivery system to treat refractory cancer pain; however, there is not enough clinical evidence to prove it. In our study, 233 patients from 12 different pain management centers across China were enrolled, 121 and 112 in the intrathecal hydromorphone (ITHM) and intrathecal morphine (ITMO) groups, respectively. The primary outcome was the clinical success rate, which was defined as ratio of patients achieving ≥50% pain relief. The noninferiority margin was defined as −0.15. Other outcomes included daily visual analogue scale score, breakthrough pain (BTP) incidence, intrathecal dose change, and patient-controlled analgesia bolus count change, GAD-7/PHQ-9. Clinical success was achieved in 85 and 79 of the 121 ITHM patients (70.2%) and 112 ITMO patients (70.5%), respectively. Compared to the corresponding baseline findings, significantly decreased visual analogue scale scores and BTP incidence were noted in both groups. The dose change rate decreased and increased with time in the ITHM and ITMO groups, respectively (ITHM −3.33% vs ITMO 35.4%, P < 0.01, t test) from the third week. The patient-controlled analgesia bolus change rate was lower in the ITHM group than in the ITMO group (ITHM −19.88% vs ITMO 7.79%, P < 0.01, t test) from first week. Our result shows that ITHM is noninferior to ITMO on pain relief to treat refractory cancer pain, however, at different doses and that the doses of morphine tended to increase, whereas those of hydromorphone decreased over time. Hydromorphone offers advantage over morphine in controlling BTP.
The Potential for Preserved Cochleovestibular Function in the Setting of Prolonged Pneumolabyrinth
Authors: Breen Joseph T. , Sweeney Alex D. , Vrabec Jeffrey T. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
To discuss the natural history and management of pneumolabyrinth, with particular attention to illustrative cases where hearing improved after a fluid-filled vestibule was restored.

Patients:
Adults at two academic medical centers with documented pneumolabyrinth on computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Intervention:
Middle ear surgery or observation.

Main Outcome Measures:
Cochlear and vestibular symptoms are reported. Inner ear function was documented with audiometry and vestibular testing. Resolution of pneumolabyrinth was documented on imaging for a subset of patients.

Results:
All patients presented with severe hearing loss following temporal bone fracture (three cases), penetrating trauma (one case), or stapedectomy (three cases). The radiographic finding was typically seen when imaging was obtained in the first few days after the injury. In two cases, vestibular symptoms resolved and partial recovery of hearing was seen despite a relatively long time interval between the inciting event and repair.

Conclusion:
Management of pneumolabyrinth is individualized based on the mechanism of injury, severity of symptoms, and timing of the imaging study. In most cases, the barrier between the middle ear and inner ear is expected to heal with rapid resolution of pneumolabyrinth. Late repair is demonstrated to result in favorable recovery in selected cases. The presence of air in the vestibule cannot be assumed to be indicative of irreversible inner ear damage.