bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Cascade Carrier Extraction via Dual Interfacial Positioning of Ambipolar Black Phosphorene for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Meng , Ye Meidan , Wang Wenlong , Ma Chunyuan , Wang Shun , Liu Qiliang , Lian Tianquan , Huang Jinsong , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract2D black phosphorene (BP) carries a stellar set of physical properties such as conveniently tunable bandgap and extremely high ambipolar carrier mobility for optoelectronic devices. Herein, the judicious design and positioning of BP with tailored thickness as dual‐functional nanomaterials to concurrently enhance carrier extraction at both electron transport layer/perovskite and perovskite/hole transport layer interfaces for high‐efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells is reported. The synergy of favorable band energy alignment and concerted cascade interfacial carrier extraction, rendered by concurrent positioning of BP, delivered a progressively enhanced power conversion efficiency of 19.83% from 16.95% (BP‐free). Investigation into interfacial engineering further reveals enhanced light absorption and reduced trap density for improved photovoltaic performance with BP incorporation. This work demonstrates the appealing characteristic of rational implementation of BP as dual‐functional transport material for a diversity of optoelectronic devices, including photodetectors, sensors, light‐emitting diodes, etc.
CMOS Compatible High‐Performance Nanolasing Based on Perovskite–SiN Hybrid Integration
Authors: He Zhe , Chen Bo , Hua Yan , Liu Zhuojun , Wei Yuming , Liu Shunfa , Hu An , Shen Xinyu , Zhang Yu , Gao Yunan , Liu Jin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoherent light sources in silicon photonics are the long‐sought Holy Grail because silicon‐based materials have indirect bandgap. Traditional strategies for realizing such sources, e.g., heterogeneous photonic integration, strain engineering, and nonlinear process, are technologically demanding. Here, a hybrid lasing device composed of perovskite nanocrystals and silicon nitride nanobeam cavity is demonstrated. SiN photonic crystal naonobeam cavities are fabricated on a solid substrate with significantly improved thermal and mechanical stabilities compared to conventional suspended ones. In addition, adding a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)‐encapsulation layer on top of the SiN can significantly boost the Q‐factor of the cavity mode. By dispersing perovskite nanocrystals as emitters in the PMMA layer, high‐performance coherent emissions are obtained in terms of lasing threshold, linewidth, and mode volumes. The work offers a compelling way of creating solution‐processed active integrated photonic devices based on the mature platform of silicon photonics for applications in optical information science and photonic quantum technology.
External Self‐Closing Tube to Occlude a Vessel Gradually as a Therapeutic Means of Portosystemic Shunt
Authors: Kim Tae Young , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Yoon Jeong‐Kee , Kim Surim , Yi Se Won , Oh Won Taek , Park Ju Young , Kim Hye‐Seon , Kang Mi‐Lan , Lee Jung Bok , Sung Hak‐Joon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe vascular network to the liver can be connected abnormally during fetal development (e.g., portosystemic shunt), thus requiring a device to close the flow connection completely. Gradual vascular occlusion is particularly important, because a sudden stop in blood flow can result in portal hypertension and cause consequential damage to the small intestine. Significant progress has been made in the development of such devices (e.g., the ameroid ring constrictor and cellophane banding) as a standard treatment for this disorder. However, incomplete occlusion is a common problem. In this study, a new vascular occlusion device is developed, enabling two major functions. First, user‐friendly deployment onto the external vascular wall is achieved by programming a recovery in the shape of the tube from open to closed in response to treatment with a warm saline solution (37 °C). Second, proinflammatory palmitic acid is released over time from the tube surface through the adventitial wall to induce gradual occlusive vascular remodeling. These unprecedented functions are demonstrated in a series of experiments on cells and rabbit veins, addressing this major issue through gradual but complete vascular occlusion over time. The external self‐closing tube represents a breakthrough proof‐of‐concept for treatment of this rare but critical developmental disorder.
Nuclear phylogenomic analyses of asterids conflict with plastome trees and support novel relationships among major lineages
Authors: Stull Gregory W. , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E. , Gitzendanner Matthew A. , Smith Stephen A. 
Published: May 2020

PremiseDiscordance between nuclear and organellar phylogenies (cytonuclear discordance) is a well‐documented phenomenon at shallow evolutionary levels but has been poorly investigated at deep levels of plant phylogeny. Determining the extent of cytonuclear discordance across major plant lineages is essential not only for elucidating evolutionary processes, but also for evaluating the currently used framework of plant phylogeny, which is largely based on the plastid genome.MethodsWe present a phylogenomic examination of a major angiosperm clade (Asteridae) based on sequence data from the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes as a means of evaluating currently accepted relationships inferred from the plastome and exploring potential sources of genomic conflict in this group.ResultsWe recovered at least five instances of well‐supported cytonuclear discordance concerning the placements of major asterid lineages (i.e., Ericales, Oncothecaceae, Aquifoliales, Cassinopsis, and Icacinaceae). We attribute this conflict to a combination of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization, the latter supported in part by previously inferred whole‐genome duplications.ConclusionsOur results challenge several long‐standing hypotheses of asterid relationships and have implications for morphological character evolution and for the importance of ancient whole‐genome duplications in early asterid evolution. These findings also highlight the value of reevaluating broad‐scale angiosperm and green‐plant phylogeny with nuclear genomic data.
DNA‐Based Adaptive Plasmonic Logic Gates
Authors: Dong Jinyi , Wang Meng , Zhou Yihao , Zhou Chao , Wang Qiangbin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSelf‐assembled plasmonic logic gates that read DNA molecules as input and return plasmonic chiroptical signals as outputs are reported. Such logic gates are achieved on a DNA‐based platform that logically regulate the conformation of a chiral plasmonic nanostructure, upon specific input DNA strands and internal computing units. With systematical designs, a complete set of Boolean logical gates are realized. Intriguingly, the logic gates could be endowed with adaptiveness, so they can autonomously alter their logics when the environment changes. As a demonstration, a logic gate that performs AND function at body temperature while OR function at cold storage temperature is constructed. In addition, the plasmonic chiroptical output has three distinctive states, which makes a three‐state molecular logic gate readily achievable on this platform. Such DNA‐based plasmonic logic gates are envisioned to execute more complex tasks giving these unique characteristics.
Organocatalytic trans Phosphinoboration of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Fritzemeier Russell G. , Nekvinda Jan , Vogels Christopher M. , Rosenblum Carol Ann , Slebodnick Carla , Westcott Stephen A. , Santos Webster L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report the first trans phosphinoboration of internal alkynes. With an organophosphine catalyst, alkynoate esters and the phosphinoboronate Ph2P‐Bpin are efficiently converted into the corresponding trans‐α‐phosphino‐β‐boryl acrylate products in moderate to good yield with high regio‐ and Z‐selectivity. This reaction operates under mild conditions and demonstrates good atom economy, requiring only a modest excess of the phosphinoboronate. X‐ray crystallography experiments allowed structural assignment of the unprecedented and densely functionalized (Z)‐α‐phosphino‐β‐boryl acrylate products.
Equilibrium Formation of Stable All‐Silicon Versions of 1,3‐Cyclobutanediyl
Authors: Yildiz Cem B. , Leszczyńska Kinga I. , González‐Gallardo Sandra , Zimmer Michael , Azizoglu Akin , Biskup Till , Kay Christopher W. M. , Huch Volker , Rzepa Henry S. , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMain group analogues of cyclobutane‐1,3‐diyls are fascinating due to their unique reactivity and electronic properties. So far only heteronuclear examples have been isolated. Here we report the isolation and characterization of all‐silicon 1,3‐cyclobutanediyls as stable closed‐shell singlet species from the reversible reactions of cyclotrisilene c‐Si3Tip4 (Tip=2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl) with the N‐heterocyclic silylenes c‐[(CR2CH2)(NtBu)2]Si: (R=H or methyl) with saturated backbones. At elevated temperatures, tetrasilacyclobutenes are obtained from these equilibrium mixtures. The corresponding reaction with the unsaturated N‐heterocyclic silylene c‐(CH)2(NtBu)2Si: proceeds directly to the corresponding tetrasilacyclobutene without detection of the assumed 1,3‐cyclobutanediyl intermediate.
Maternal risk factors for gastroschisis: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Raitio Arimatias , Tauriainen Asta , Leinonen Maarit K , Syvänen Johanna , Kemppainen Teemu , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Sankilampi Ulla , Gissler Mika , Hyvärinen Anna , Helenius Ilkka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastroschisis is an open abdominal wall defect with low mortality but significant morbidity. The prevalence has been increasing worldwide for the past decades. Several risk factors for gastroschisis have been identified, but no clear reason for increasing prevalence has been found. In our study, we aimed to assess and identify maternal risk factors for gastroschisis.MethodsIn our nationwide register‐based case–control study, we identified all gastroschisis cases in the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations from 2004 to 2014. Information on drug prescriptions and purchases was received from Drugs and Pregnancy database. Five healthy age‐matched controls from the same geographical region were randomly selected for each case. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate different risk factors.ResultsOne‐hundred‐eighty‐eight cases of gastroschisis were identified and compared with 910 matched controls. Nulliparity was a significant risk factor for gastroschisis, aOR 2.00 (95% CI 1.29–3.11) whereas obesity was protective, aOR 0.35 (95% CI 0.15–0.83). Smoking appeared to increase the risk for gastroschisis, aOR 1.32 (95% CI 0.88–1.97). The mean maternal age of newborns with gastroschisis was significantly lower than average (p <.001).ConclusionAs in previous studies, nulliparity and young maternal age were significant risk factors for gastroschisis. Maternal obesity significantly reduced the risk of gastroschisis regardless of maternal age and gestational diabetes.
Treating refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder with transcranial direct current stimulation: An open label study
Authors: Harika‐Germaneau Ghina , Heit Damien , Chatard Armand , Thirioux Berangere , Langbour Nicolas , Jaafari Nemat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex disorder with 40%–60% of patients' refractory to treatment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to induce potent and long‐lasting effects on cortical excitability. The aim of the present clinical trial was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of cathodal tDCS over the supplementary motor area (SMA) in treatment‐resistant OCD patients.MethodsTwenty‐one treatment‐resistant OCD outpatients received 10 sessions of tDCS. Each treatment session consisted of 2 mA stimuli for 30 min. The cathode was positioned over the bilateral SMA and the anode over the right supraorbital area. Patients were evaluated at baseline, end of treatment, one‐month follow‐up, and three‐month follow‐up. Response to treatment was defined as at least a decrease of 35% on the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and a score of 2 or less on the Clinical Global Impressions‐Improvement (CGI‐I) between baseline and 1‐month follow‐up.ResultsThere was a significant decrease of YBOCS scores between baseline and one‐month assessment. At one month, five patients (24%) were considered as responders and 3 (15%) at 3 months. We also observed concomitant changes in depressive symptoms, and insight. The treatment was well tolerated. Short‐lasting side effects were reported as localized tingling sensation and skin redness.ConclusionOur results suggest that the use of cathodal tDCS over the SMA and anodal tDCS over the right supraorbital area in OCD treatment‐refractory patients is safe and promising to improve obsessive and compulsive symptoms. Large randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm this positive result.
Higher methylation subtype of malignant melanoma and its correlation with thicker progression and worse prognosis
Authors: Yamamoto Yosuke , Matsusaka Keisuke , Fukuyo Masaki , Rahmutulla Bahityar , Matsue Hiroyuki , Kaneda Atsushi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMalignant melanoma (MM) is the most life‐threatening disease among all skin malignancies, and recent genome‐wide studies reported BRAF, RAS, and NF1 as the most frequently mutated driver genes. While epigenetic aberrations are known to contribute to the oncogenic activity seen in various cancers, their role in MM has not been fully investigated. To investigate the role of epigenetic aberrations in MM, we performed genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis of 51 clinical MM samples using Infinium 450k beadarray. Hierarchical clustering analysis stratified MM into two DNA methylation epigenotypes: high‐ and low‐methylation subgroups. Tumor thickness was significantly greater in case of high‐methylation tumors than low‐methylation tumors (8.3 ± 5.3 mm vs 4.5 ± 2.9 mm, P = .003). Moreover, prognosis was significantly worse in high‐methylation cases (P = .03). Twenty‐seven genes were found to undergo significant and frequent hypermethylation in high‐methylation subgroup, where TFPI2 was identified as the most frequently hypermethylated gene. MM cases with lower expression levels of TFPI2 showed significantly worse prognosis (P = .001). Knockdown of TFPI2 in two MM cell lines, CHL‐1 and G361, resulted in significant increases of cell proliferation and invasion. These indicate that MM can be stratified into at least two different epigenetic subgroups, that the MM subgroup with higher DNA methylation shows a more progressive phenotype, and that methylation of TFPI2 may contribute to the tumor progression of MM.
Structure Elucidation of Two New Norlignans from Anemone vitifolia and Their Anti‐Inflammatory Activities
Authors: Mou Lin‐Yun , Wei Min , Wu Hai‐Yan , Hu Li‐Jiao , Li Jian‐Long , Li Gan‐Peng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo new norlignans together with two known phenylpropanoids were isolated from the whole herb of Anemone vitifolia. All compounds were reported from this plant for the first time. The structures of these compounds were identified by comprehensive HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with literature data. Additionally, bioactivity study results showed that two new compounds have potential anti‐inflammatory activity. The plausible biosynthetic pathway for these compounds were also speculated in this article.
O‐GlcNAc Transferase: Structural Characteristics, Catalytic Mechanism and Small‐Molecule Inhibitors
Authors: Ju Kim Eun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractModifications of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins with a single sugar, N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), play roles in a wide variety of fundamental cellular processes, and aberrant O‐GlcNAc profiles are associated with pathological progression of several chronic diseases. O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is the only enzyme to catalyze the attachment of GlcNAc to intracellular protein substrates. Considering its biological significance, selective and potent OGT inhibitors are invaluable tools for enhancing our understanding of the precise biological functions of the enzyme, for revealing its unknown functions, and for validating OGT as a therapeutic target. In this minireview, human OGT (hOGT) inhibitors and their catalytic mechanisms will be explored. In addition, a brief overview of recent findings on the 3D structural characteristics of hOGT that have contributed greatly to the development of novel inhibitors of hOGT is provided.
Stapled Peptide Inhibitors of Autophagy Adapter LC3B
Authors: Cerulli Robert A. , Shehaj Livia , Brown Hawley , Pace Jennifer , Mei Yang , Kritzer Joshua A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy inhibition enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapy, especially in difficult‐to‐treat cancers. Existing autophagy inhibitors are primarily lysosomotropic agents. More specific autophagy inhibitors are highly sought‐after. The microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B protein, LC3B, is an adapter protein that mediates key protein‐protein interactions at several points in autophagy pathways. In this work, we used a known peptide ligand as a starting point to develop improved LC3B inhibitors. We obtained structure‐activity relationships that quantify the binding contributions of peptide termini, individual charged residues, and hydrophobic interactions. Based on these data, we used artificial amino acids and diversity‐oriented stapling to improve affinity and resistance to biological degradation, while maintaining or improving LC3B affinity and selectivity. These peptides represent the highest‐affinity LC3B‐selective ligands reported to date, and they will be useful tools for further elucidation of LC3B's role in autophagy and in cancer.
Safety and efficacy of the bioabsorbable polymer everolimus‐eluting stent versus durable polymer drug‐eluting stents in high‐risk patients undergoing PCI: TWILIGHT‐SYNERGY
Authors: Baber Usman , Chandiramani Rishi , Mehta Shamir R. , Sartori Samantha , Zhang Zhongjie , Claessen Bimmer E. , Briguori Carlo , Sharma Samin , Dangas George , Mehran Roxana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundData examining the safety and efficacy of the bioabsorbable polymer (BP) drug‐eluting stent (DES) as compared with durable polymer (DP) DES in high‐risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain limited.MethodsWe conducted a pre‐specified analysis among patients enrolled in the TWILIGHT trial treated with the SYNERGY BP‐DES or a DP‐DES. Following successful PCI and 3 months of ticagrelor plus aspirin, patients were randomized to aspirin or placebo for 1 year; DES choice was at physician discretion. The primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF) [composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (MI), clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) or definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST)].ResultsAmong enrolled participants (N = 9,006), 653 were treated exclusively with the SYNERGY BP‐DES and 6,404 with a comparator DP‐DES. Over 15 months, TLF rates were 6.4 and 6.1% among those receiving a SYNERGY BP‐DES and a DP‐DES, respectively (adjusted HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.64–1.35; p = .72). The effect of ticagrelor monotherapy on Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding and the composite of all‐cause death, MI or stroke was uniform across DES groups (both pint > .10).ConclusionsThe safety and efficacy profile of the SYNERGY BP‐DES is comparable to that of contemporary DP‐DES in high‐risk patients undergoing PCI. Compared to ticagrelor plus aspirin, the effect of ticagrelor monotherapy is consistent among patients receiving SYNERGY BP‐DES or DP‐DES.
Lab‐Scale Microreactor Plant for the Study of Methylations with Liquid Chloromethane
Authors: Benzin Clarissa V. , Kockmann Norbert , Röder Thorsten 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChloromethane is an important reagent for methylations in the process industry. However, as a gas suspected of causing cancer, it is rarely used at laboratory scale. Therefore, a setup is presented here for studies in a laboratory under safe and reproducible conditions. The use of a microreactor guarantees high heat transfer rates and a low holdup of the reagent. As a proof‐of‐concept, the reaction of chloromethane with the secondary amine morpholine in aqueous solution is investigated. By applying elevated pressures, a liquid‐liquid system with enhanced solubility of chloromethane in the aqueous phase is accessible.
Synergy of Cobalt Iron Tetrathiomolybdate Coated on Cobalt Iron Carbonate Hydroxide Hydrate Nanowire Arrays for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhao Jinxiu , Ren Xiang , Sun Xu , Zhang Yong , Yan Tao , Wei Qin , Wu Dan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is regarded as an ideal strategy for producing hydrogen energy. However, the ability to design efficient and durable noble‐metal‐free catalysts for decreasing the overpotential in the electrolysis process is in high demand. Here, it is demonstrated that cobalt iron carbonate hydroxide hydrate nanowire arrays on Ti mesh (CFOC/TM) obtained through a surface anion interchange method can lead to amorphous cobalt iron tetrathiomolybdate coated on crystalline cobalt iron carbonate hydroxide hydrate nanowire arrays on Ti mesh (CFMS@CFOC/TM), which can act as an efficient and durable water splitting electrocatalyst in alkaline media. CFMS@CFOC/TM shows good performance for the oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reactions, with the need for low overpotentials of 237 mV and 93 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH, respectively. As a 3D bifunctional electrode catalyst, it enables alkaline water splitting with excellent performance, achieving 10 mA cm−2 at a voltage of 1.63 V with a satisfying stability performance.
Fluid Simulation‐Supported Extraction Process Design: An Approach Towards Improving Current Models
Authors: Zimmermann Patrick , Zeiner Tim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a valuable tool for the design of extraction processes. CFD simulations have been combined with population balances to account for coalescence and breakage. In this work, another approach to account for drop interactions is shown, namely, the incompressible Cahn‐Hilliard/Navier‐Stokes equations. To apply the Cahn‐Hilliard equations, they have to be combined with a thermodynamic model. Here, a Koningsveld‐Kleintjens approach is used to account for the mixing gap of the binary mixture. The suggested method was applied to analyze drops in a shear field and to investigate drop coalescence.