bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal patterns of sedentary behavior and changes in physical function over time among older women: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Reuter Chase , Bellettiere John , Liles Sandy , Di Chongzhi , Sears Dorothy D. , LaMonte Michael J. , Stefanick Marcia L. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Natarajan Loki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Sedentary behavior (SB) is linked to negative health outcomes in older adults. Most studies use summary values, e.g., total sedentary minutes/day. Diurnal timing of SB accumulation may further elucidate SB-health associations.

Methods
Six thousand two hundred four US women (mean age = 79 ± 7; 50% White, 34% African-American) wore accelerometers for 7-days at baseline, yielding 41,356 person-days with > 600 min/day of data. Annual follow-up assessments of health, including physical functioning, were collected from participants for 6 years. A novel two-phase clustering procedure discriminated participants’ diurnal SB patterns: phase I grouped day-level SB trajectories using longitudinal k-means; phase II determined diurnal SB patterns based on proportion of phase I trajectories using hierarchical clustering. Mixed models tested associations between SB patterns and longitudinal physical functioning, adjusted for covariates including total sedentary time. Effect modification by moderate-vigorous-physical activity (MVPA) was tested.

Results
Four diurnal SB patterns were identified: p1 = high-SB-throughout-the-day; p2 = moderate-SB-with-lower-morning-SB; p3 = moderate-SB-with-higher-morning-SB; p4 = low-SB-throughout-the-day. High MVPA mitigated physical functioning decline and correlated with better baseline and 6-year trajectory of physical functioning across patterns. In low MVPA, p2 had worse 6-year physical functioning decline compared to p1 and p4. In high MVPA, p2 had similar 6-year physical functioning decline compared to p1, p3, and p4.

Conclusions
In a large cohort of older women, diurnal SB patterns were associated with rates of physical functioning decline, independent of total sedentary time. In particular, we identified a specific diurnal SB subtype defined by less SB earlier and more SB later in the day, which had the steepest decline in physical functioning among participants with low baseline MVPA. Thus, diurnal timing of SB, complementary to total sedentary time and MVPA, may offer additional insights into associations between SB and physical health, and provide physicians with early warning of patients at high-risk of physical function decline.
Psychological experiences of women with pregnancy termination due to fetal anomalies: a qualitative study from the perspective of women, their spouses, and healthcare providers in Iran
Authors: Kamranpour Bahareh , Noroozi Mahnaz , Bahrami Masoud 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy termination due to fetal anomalies has many psychological consequences for women. Providing appropriate and desirable care to this group of women and their families plays an important role in the process of coping with this crisis. The aim of the present study was to explore the psychological experiences of women with pregnancy termination due to fetal anomalies.

Methods
This was a qualitative content analysis study. 40 participants were selected through purposeful sampling with maximum variation and data were collected through in-depth individual interviews, field notes, and analyzed using the conventional qualitative content analysis method simultaneously.

Results
After analyzing the interview transcripts, the psychological experiences of women with pregnancy termination due to fetal anomalies were classified into two main categories: “emotional reactions coinciding with the diagnosis of fetal anomalies” (consisting of two sub-categories of “disbelief and denial of fetal anomalies” and “feelings of sadness and anger”) and “ psychological problems following pregnancy termination” (consisting of two sub-categories of “ feeling helpless, fearful, anxious, and depressed” and “feeling conscience-stricken, and guilty”).

Conclusion
According to findings of the present study, exploring and highlighting the experiences of women with pregnancy termination due to fetal anomalies in the psychological dimension can provide a deeper understanding of the needs of these women for providing optimal care at different times and ultimately promote their psychological health.
Genotyping of 30 kinds of cutaneous human papillomaviruses by a multiplex microfluidic loop-mediated isothermal amplification and visual detection method
Authors: Wang Yining , Ge Ge , Mao Rui , Wang Zhuo , Sun Yu-Zhe , Du Yu-Guang , Gao Xing-Hua , Qi Rui-Qun , Chen Hong-Duo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), a group of non-enveloped small viruses with double-stranded circular DNA which lead to multiple skin diseases such as benign warts, are commonly seen in clinics. The current HPV detection systems aim mainly at mucosal HPVs, however, an efficient clinical approach for cutaneous HPVs detection is lacking.

Objectives
To establish a rapid detection system for cutaneous HPVs using a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) dye in combination with microfluidic technology.

Methods
L1 DNA sequences of the 30 cutaneous HPVs were chemically synthesized, and LAMP primers against L1 DNA were designed with use of an online LAMP designing tool. Isothermal amplification was performed with use of a water bath and the amplification results were inspected with the naked eye. Using PCR sequencing as a control method, the specificity and sensitivity of the new detection system were obtained by detecting clinical samples.

Results
The lower detection limit of the LAMP assay was 107 viral DNA copies/μl when tested on synthesized L1 DNA sequences, which was better than the conventional PCR. Compared to PCR sequencing, the sensitivity of HPV27, HPV2, HPV1, HPV57, HPV3, HPV4, HPV7 and HPV75 genotypes detections were 100%, whereas the specificity was 34.55, 45.12, 95.83, 98.59 and 97.62% respectively, when tested on clinical samples.

Conclusions
The new cutaneous type HPV detection system is characterized by both a good sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional methods.
Genetic determinants of obesity heterogeneity in type II diabetes
Authors: Hosseini Khorami Somayeh Alsadat , Mutalib Mohd Sokhini Abd , Feili Shiraz Mohammad , Abdullah Joseph Anthony , Rejali Zulida , Ali Razana Mohd , Khaza’ai Huzwah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Although obesity is considered as the main cause of Type II diabetes (T2DM), non-obese individuals may still develop T2DM and obese individuals may not.

Method
The mRNA expression of PI3K/AKT axis from 100 non-obese and obese participants with insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance states were compared in this study toward the understanding of obesity heterogeneity molecular mechanism.

Result
In present study, there was no statistically significant difference in gene expression levels of IRS1 and PTEN between groups, whereas PI3K, AKT2 and GLUT4 genes were expressed at a lower level in obese diabetic group compared to other groups and were statistically significant. PDK1 gene was expressed at a higher level in non-obese diabetic group compared to obese diabetic and non-obese non-diabetics groups. No statistically significant difference was identified in gene expression pattern of PI3K/AKT pathway between obese non-diabetics and non-obese non-diabetics.

Conclusion
The components of PI3K/AKT pathway which is related to the fasting state, showed reduced expression in obese diabetic group due to the chronic over-nutrition which may induced insensitivity and reduced gene expression. The pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the absence of obesity in non-obese diabetic group could be due to disturbance in another pathway related to the non-fasting state like gluconeogenesis. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of insulin signalling in non-obese diabetic individuals is different from obese diabetics which more investigations are required to study insulin signalling pathways in greater depth, in order to assess nutritional factors, contribute to insulin resistance in obese diabetic and non-obese diabetic individuals.
‘It’s far too complicated’: why fragmentation persists in global health
Authors: Spicer Neil , Agyepong Irene , Ottersen Trygye , Jahn Albrecht , Ooms Gorik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite many efforts to achieve better coordination, fragmentation is an enduring feature of the global health landscape that undermines the effectiveness of health programmes and threatens the attainment of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals. In this paper we identify and describe the multiple causes of fragmentation in development assistant for health at the global level. The study is of particular relevance since the emergence of new global health problems such as COVID-19 heightens the need for global health actors to work in coordinated ways. Our study is part of theLancet Commission on Synergies between Universal Health Coverage, Health Security and Health Promotion.MethodsWe used a mixed methods approach. This consisted of a non-systematic literature review of published papers in scientific journals, reports, books and websites. We also carried out twenty semi-structured expert interviews with individuals from bilateral and multilateral organisations, governments and academic and research institutions between April 2019 and December 2019.ResultsWe identified five distinct yet interconnected sets of factors causing fragmentation: proliferation of global health actors; problems of global leadership; divergent interests; problems of accountability; problems of power relations. We explain why global health actors struggle to harmonise their approaches and priorities, fail to align their work with low- and middle-income countries’ needs and why they continue to embrace funding instruments that create fragmentation.ConclusionsMany global actors are genuinely committed to addressing the problems of fragmentation, despite their complexity and interconnected nature. This paper aims to raise awareness and understanding of the causes of fragmentation and to help guide actors’ efforts in addressing the problems and moving to more synergistic approaches.
Deadly combination of Vaping-lnduced lung injury and Influenza: case report
Authors: Akkanti Bindu H. , Hussain Rahat , Patel Manish K. , Patel Jayeshkumar A. , Dinh Kha , Zhao Bihong , Elzamly Shaimaa , Pelicon Kevin , Petek Klemen , Salas de Armas Ismael A. , Akay Mehmet , Kar Biswajit , Gregoric Igor D. , Buja L. Maximilian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
E-cigarette and vaping use-associated acute lung injury (EVALI) has been recently recognized as a complication in individuals who use vaping devices. Another consideration is that EVALI may have an adverse influence on the outcome of intercurrent respiratory infections. We document this deadly combination in the case of a young man who had EVALI and simultaneous Influenza-A infection leading to severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

Case presentation
A 27-year-old male with a history of tobacco and vaping use was admitted to hospital after two weeks of flu-like symptoms, diarrhea and vomiting. A chest x-ray was consistent with multifocal pneumonia, and microbiological tests were positive for Influenza-A and methicillin-sensitive Staphalacoccus aureus (MSSA). Bronchoscopy provided evidence of acute inhalational injury. After admission, he acutely decompensated with severe hypoxia and hypotension; he required intubation, sedation and vasopressors. He developed sepsis with acute kidney failure, liver failure, biventricular systolic dysfunction and severe rhabdomyolysis. He was placed on veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) initially and later changed to Veno-Arterial (VA) ECMO. Nevertheless, the patient continued to deteriorate, and he expired two weeks after admission.

Conclusion
This case documents that EVALI can act as a major factor leading a respiratory infection to progress into severe ARDS with a fatal outcome.
Metabolic engineering of phosphite metabolism in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 as an effective measure to control biological contaminants in outdoor raceway ponds
Authors: González-Morales Sandra Isabel , Pacheco-Gutiérrez Navid Berenice , Ramírez-Rodríguez Carlos A. , Brito-Bello Alethia A. , Estrella-Hernández Priscila , Herrera-Estrella Luis , López-Arredondo Damar L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The use of cyanobacteria and microalgae as cell factories to produce biofuels and added-value bioproducts has received great attention during the last two decades. Important investments have been made by public and private sectors to develop this field. However, it has been a challenge to develop a viable and cost-effective platform for cultivation of cyanobacteria and microalgae under outdoor conditions. Dealing with contamination caused by bacteria, weedy algae/cyanobacteria and other organisms is a major constraint to establish effective cultivation processes.

Results
Here, we describe the implementation in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 of a phosphorus selective nutrition system to control biological contamination during cultivation. The system is based on metabolic engineering of S. elongatus to metabolize phosphite, a phosphorus source not normally metabolized by most organisms, by expressing a bacterial phosphite oxidoreductase (PtxD). Engineered S. elongatus strains expressing PtxD grow at a similar rate on media supplemented with phosphite as the non-transformed control supplemented with phosphate. We show that when grown in media containing phosphite as the sole phosphorus source in glass flasks, the engineered strain was able to grow and outcompete biological contaminants even when the system was intentionally inoculated with natural competitors isolated from an irrigation canal. The PtxD/phosphite system was successfully used for outdoor cultivation of engineered S. elongatus in 100-L cylindrical reactors and 1000-L raceway ponds, under non-axenic conditions and without the need of sterilizing containers and media. Finally, we also show that the PtxD/phosphite system can be used as selectable marker for S. elongatus PCC 7942 transgenic strains selection, eliminating the need of antibiotic resistance genes.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the PtxD/phosphite system is a stable and sufficiently robust strategy to control biological contaminants without the need of sterilization or other complex aseptic procedures. Our data show that the PtxD/phosphite system can be used as selectable marker and allows production of the cyanobacterium S. elongatus PCC 7942 in non-axenic outdoor reactors at lower cost, which in principle should be applicable to other cyanobacteria and microalgae engineered to metabolize phosphite.
Development of risk factor-based scoring system for detection of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections
Authors: Togawa Atsushi , Yoshimura Michinobu , Tokushige Chiemi , Matsunaga Akira , Takata Tohru , Takamatsu Yasushi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (HVKp) infections have distinct clinical manifestations from classical K. pneumoniae infections. The hallmark of HVKp infections are liver abscess formation and metastatic infections. Due to the severe sequelae of these complications, method to identify patients at-risk of HVKp infections should be developed.

Results
A retrospective cohort study of 222 patients with K. pneumoniae bloodstream infections (BSIs) was performed. Patient demographics, clinical manifestations, and bacterial characteristics were investigated. Ten cases of liver abscesses were identified. Characteristics such as community-onset BSIs, hypermucoviscosity phenotype, and capsular serotype K1 were identified as risk factors for HVKp infections. A scoring system was developed based on the risk factors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the scoring system was 0.90. A score of ≥ 2 points provided sensitivity and specificity of 0.70 and 0.94, respectively.

Conclusions
Simple scoring system was developed for the diagnosis of HVKp infections. The system allows early identification of patients with K. pneumoniae BSIs in whom hypervirulent infections should be evaluated. Prospective evaluation is expected.
Fraud against businesses both online and offline: crime scripts, business characteristics, efforts, and benefits
Authors: Junger Marianne , Wang Victoria , Schlömer Marleen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study analyses 300 cases of fraudulent activities against Dutch businesses, 100 from each of the following three categories: CEO-fraud, fraudulent contract, and ghost invoice. We examine crime scripts, key characteristics of targeted businesses, and the relationship between input criminal effort and output financial benefit. Results indicate that whilst all CEO-frauds are conducted online, most of the fraudulent contracts and ghost invoices are undertaken via offline means. Both Routine Activity Theory and Rational Choice Model are evidenced-fraudsters clearly take the business size and seasonality into account, and the input criminal effort and output criminal benefit are positively correlated. Having vigilant employees is evidenced as the most effective way of fraud prevention, both online and offline.
Eating disorder diagnostics in the digital era: validation of the Norwegian version of the Eating Disorder Assessment for DSM-5 (EDA-5)
Authors: Dahlgren Camilla Lindvall , Walsh B. Timothy , Vrabel Karianne , Siegwarth Cecilie , Rø Øyvind 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
The Eating Disorder Assessment for DSM-5 (EDA-5) is an electronic, semi-structured interview developed to assess feeding and eating disorders following DSM-5 criteria. The original English version has strong psychometric properties, and previous research has shown high rates of agreement between diagnoses generated by the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview and the EDA-5. The current study aimed to validate the Norwegian version of the EDA-5, and is the first international validation of this diagnostic tool.

Method
A total of 91 (87 females and 4 males) adult in- and out-patients were recruited from two of the largest eating disorder clinics in Norway. Diagnoses assigned using the EDA-5 were compared to diagnoses from the EDE interview (v. 17.0D).

Results
Results showed that diagnoses assigned using EDE and EDA-5 were identical for 75 (82.4%) of the 91 cases. Among individual diagnostic categories, kappas ranged from moderate (.49) to perfect (1.00) agreement. The majority of discrepant cases occurred between full- and sub-threshold AN and BN. The EDA-5 was significantly quicker to administer compared to the EDE (22 vs. 54 min).

Conclusions
The Norwegian EDA-5 can quickly and efficiently generate DSM-5 diagnoses without compromising diagnostic accuracy. It is a promising alternative to existing diagnostic tools, and may help streamline the identification of feeding and eating disorders in clinical settings and in research.
A daily fever curve for the Swiss economy
Authors: Burri Marc , Kaufmann Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBecause macroeconomic data is published with a substantial delay, assessing the health of the economy during the rapidly evolving COVID-19 crisis is challenging. We develop a fever curve for the Swiss economy using publicly available daily financial market and news data. The indicator can be computed with a delay of 1 day. Moreover, it is highly correlated with macroeconomic data and survey indicators of Swiss economic activity. Therefore, it provides timely and reliable warning signals if the health of the economy takes a turn for the worse.
Co-occurring trajectories of anxiety and insistence on sameness behaviour in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Baribeau Danielle A. , Vigod Simone , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Kerns Connor M. , Mirenda Pat , Smith Isabel M. , Vaillancourt Tracy , Volden Joanne , Waddell Charlotte , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Bennett Teresa , Duku Eric , Elsabbagh Mayada , Georgiades Stelios , Ungar Wendy J. , Zaidman Zait Anat , Szatmari Peter 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have increased susceptibility to anxiety disorders. Variation in a common ASD symptom, insistence on sameness behaviour, may predict future anxiety symptoms.AimsTo describe the joint heterogeneous longitudinal trajectories of insistence on sameness and anxiety in children with ASD and to characterise subgroups at higher risk for anxiety.MethodIn a longitudinal ASD cohort (n = 421), insistence on sameness behaviour was measured using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised at approximately ages 3, 6 and 11 years. Anxiety was quantified at 8 time points between ages 3 and 11 years using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (parent report). Clusters of participants following similar trajectories were identified using group-based and joint trajectory modelling.ResultsThree insistence on sameness trajectories were identified: (a) ‘low-stable’ (41.7% of participants), (b) ‘moderate-increasing’ (52.0%) and (c) ‘high-peaking’ (i.e. increasing then stabilising/decreasing behaviour) (6.3%). Four anxiety trajectories were identified: (a) ‘low-increasing’ (51.0%), (b) ‘moderate-decreasing’ (16.2%), (c) ‘moderate-increasing’ (19.6%) and (d) ‘high-stable’ (13.1%). Of those assigned to the ‘high-peaking’ insistence on sameness trajectory, 95% jointly followed an anxiety trajectory that surpassed the threshold for clinical concern (T-score >65) by middle childhood (anxiety trajectories 3 or 4). Insistence on sameness and anxiety trajectories were similar in severity and direction for 64% of the sample; for 36%, incongruous patterns were seen (e.g. decreasing anxiety and increasing insistence on sameness).ConclusionsThe concurrent assessment of insistence on sameness behaviour and anxiety in ASD may help in understanding current symptom profiles and anticipating future trajectories. High preschool insistence on sameness in particular may be associated with elevated current or future anxiety symptoms.
Tailoring the gradient and scattering forces for longitudinal sorting of generic-size chiral particles
Authors: Zheng Hongxia , Li Xiao , Ng Jack , Chen Huajin , Lin Zhifang 
Published: July 2020

Based on the concepts of conservative and non-conservative optical forces (COF and NCOF), we analyze the physical mechanism of longitudinal chirality sorting along the direction of light propagation in some simple optical fields. It is demonstrated, both numerically and analytically for particle of arbitrary size, that the sorting relies solely on the NCOF, which switches its direction when particle chirality is reversed. For particles larger than half of the optical wavelengthλ, the NCOF far surpasses its counterpart COF, enabling the longitudinal chirality sorting. When the particle is much smaller thanλ, however, the COF outweighs the NCOF, destroying the sorting mechanism. A scenario is thus proposed that totally eliminates the COF while leaving the sorting NCOF unchanged, extending the applicability of longitudinal chirality sorting to small particles.
Молодежь: жизненные стратегии в новой реальности
Authors: Зубок Юлия Альбертовна 
Published: July 2020

В статье рассматривается формирование социальных и социокультурных условий, в которых конструируются жизненные стратегии современной молодежи. Среди наиболее значимых их характеристик выделяются: глобальная изменчивость реальности, нарастание неопределенности и эскалация риска, изменение баланса целенаправленного регулирования и саморегуляции, расширение реальности и изменение ее смыслового пространства; углубляющаяся социальная дифференциация. Ставятся ключевые вопросы, актуальные для всестороннего анализа жизненных стратегий молодежи и их саморегуляции в изменяющейся реальности.