bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimuli Responsive Hydrogels: NIPAM/AAm/Carboxylic Acid Polymers
Authors: Işikver Yasemin , Saraydin Dursun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels (SRH) were prepared by using monomers (i.e. N-isopropyl acrylamide; NIPAM and acrylamide; AAm), co-monomers (i.e. methacrylic acid; MPA or mesaconic acid; MFA) and a crosslinker (N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide; N-Bis). SRH have been prepared by thermal free radical polymerization reaction in aqueous solution. Spectroscopic and thermal analyses such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis were performed for SRH characterization. The equilibrium swelling studies by gravimetrically were carried out in different solvents, at the solutions, temperature, pH, and ionic strengths to determine their effect on swelling characteristic of the hydrogels. In addition, cycles equilibrium swelling studies were made with the solutions at different temperatures and at different pH. NIPAM/AAm hydrogel exhibits a lover critical solution temperature (LCST) at 28 oC, whereas NIPAM/AAm-MPA and NIPAM/AAm-MFA hydrogels exhibit a LCST at 31 C and 35 oC, respectively, and the LCST of NIPAM/AAm-MFA hydrogel is close to the body temperature.
Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Zinc Sulfide Thin Films Synthesized by Co-Precipitation Method
Authors: Choudapur V.H. , Kapatkar S.B. , Raju A.B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Wide bandgap Zinc Sulfide nanocrystals are prepared by a simple co-precipitation method at different precursor concentrations. The influence of sulphur concentration in Zinc sulfide on morphological, optical and electric properties is found to be significant. The Zinc Sulfide nanomaterial was prepared using low-cost starting materials and deionised water as the solvent. As synthesized Zinc Sulfide nanocrystals were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, UV-Visible Spectrophotometry, Photoluminescence (PL), Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM), Ellipsometry techniques and electric conductivity measurements. XRD patterns revealed that ZnS nanocrystals are polycrystalline, cubic phase with (111) preferred orientation. The obtained crystallites have sizes in the range of 5 to 11 nm. EDS pattern confirms the purity of the films. From optical absorption measurements, it is clear that the direct energy gap decreases from 5.2 to 4.4eV with the increase in sulphur concentration in ZnS and exhibit large quantum confinement effect. Ellipsometry was used to determine the optical constants and film thickness. The films deposited on ITO – coated glass was used to record the IV Characteristics of the films by two probe method. The wide-bandgap, conducting materials have applications in optoelectronic devices such as high-frequency UV detectors and thin-film solar cells.
Treatment of Real Textile Wastewater Using Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Duy Nguyen Ngoc , Van Phu Dang , Lan Nguyen Thi Kim , Duoc Nguyen Thanh , Hien Nguyen Quoc , Hiep Bui Nghia , Han Bui Ngoc , Ha Bui Manh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Textile wastewater is known to have a large number of hazardous pollutants, intense color and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration. The electron beam method is considered useful in treatment textile wastewater through chemical oxidation process. In this study, three real textile wastewaters (Sample 1: Reactive Black 5, Reactive Red 10, and Reactive Orange 13; Sample 2: Reactive Red 10 and Yellow GR; Sample 3: Reactive Black 5 and Turquoise Blue HF–G) from textile dyeing company in Ho Chi Minh city were treated by electron beam method. The effect of absorbed doses and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at different concentrations on the change of pH, removal capacity, COD and five day’s biological oxygen demand (BOD5) were investigated. The results indicated that color, COD, BOD5 and pH decreased with increasing absorbed dose. A sufficient amount of H2O2 in the radiation process could accelerate the color removal process. In the same condition, a color removal efficiency of ~90% was obtained with EB/H2O2, in contrast with color loss by using EB alone (~71%). These results highlighted the potential of EB radiation technology for treatment of textile dyeing wastewater.
Diversity of Diatoms in Phytobenthos Communities of the Shchugor River in the Urals (The Komi Republic, Russia)
Authors: Stenina Angelina , Steryagova Irina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe composition of diatom assemblages of epilithon, epiphython and epipelon in the Shchugor River was presented. Biofoulings of rocky substrates, macrophytes, filamentous algae and samples from the surface of bottom sediments were studied. The diatom assemblages had a diverse composition and included 218 species with varieties and forms from 60 genera, 27 families and 12 orders. The order Naviculales (56 taxa) and the family Fragilariaceae (39 taxa) played a major role. The genera Gomphonema (17 taxa), Nitzschia (16), Navicula (14), Eunotia (14) were dominant by the species abundance. The identified diatoms were mostly epiphytes, indifferent to salinity and alkaliphilous species, clean water indicators. The most common community in the river was epilithon, whereas epiphyton distinguished by the most diverse composition. The epipelon was poorly developed, having the lowest number of diatom taxa.Dominant, subdominant, accompanying species of the diatoms were very similar in different phytobenthos groups, the Sørensen-Czekanowski coefficients varied from 0.70 to 0.81. The dominant species were Achnanthidium minutissimum, Encyonema minutum, Fragilaria gracilis, Gomphonema exilissimum, G. ventricosum, Hannaea arcus, Meridion circulare. The sub-dominant species were Cocconeis placentula, Nitzschia fonticola, Ulnaria ulna and Staurosirella pinnata. Based on the Berger-Parker and Simpson variety indices, the occurrence of taxa in the genera and families in the epiphyton was more uniform. The assessment of benthic diatoms demonstrated that the Shchugor River is a typical mid-mountain river. Diatom communities of epilithon, epiphython and epipelon can be used for the monitoring of ecological status of the river.
The Impact of the Suramadu Bridge on Rural Poverty in Kabupaten Bangkalan, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Karyadinata Henry Kusumas , Pudjihardjo Muhammad , Manzilati Asfi , Syafitri Wildan 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Subject and purpose of work: This research was conducted to measure the influence of the Suramadu Bridge on the reduction of rural poverty and to determine the impact of production factors such as physical capital, natural capital, human capital and financial capital on poverty before and after the Suramadu Bridge began operating in Kabupaten Bangkalan.

Materials and methods: This study adapted the model used by Nashwari et al (2017) which was analysed applying Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The data from Village Potential 2007 and 2017 was used in the research.

Results: Many production factors in the village did not have a significant effect on the poverty reduction before the Suramadu Bridge began operating. After the Suramadu Bridge opened, it has had a significant negative impact on poverty. The number of farmers, rice fields, non-agricultural activities, superior products, skills facilities and credit facilities has a significant positive effect on the reduction of the poverty level.

Conclusions: The existence of the Suramadu Bridge has increased the influence of production factors in the villages on the poverty reduction in Kabupaten Bangkalan.
Taxonomic Analysis of Differentiation of Situations on Local Labor Markets in the Pressure Area of Chopin Airport in Warsaw as a Method for Regional Development Management
Authors: Surówka Agata 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Subject and purpose of work: Recently, research into the impact of air transport on the situation on local labor markets has been of great practical importance. These issues have become a source of interest in the study. The purpose of the article is an attempt to use taxonomic methods to analyze the spatial diversity of counties located in the catchment area (100 km) of Warsaw Chopin Airport due to the situation on local labor markets.

Materials and methods: Taxonomic methods were used as the research tool. The text also presents the methodology for identifying statistical units located in these areas, indicated by the Geostatistics Portal.

Results: The conducted process allowed to assess the impact of air transport on the economic situation on the local labor market due to the indicators selected for the study. The proposed method is a new, effective, useful and modern approach to obtaining and analyzing statistical data for the areas of influence of Polish airports. It should also be emphasized that it constitutes a certain contribution of the author to the development of research on the impact of air transport on the socio-economic development of regions.

Conclusions: The analysis allowed us to generally illustrate the spatial inequalities of the units selected for testing due to the adopted measures.
Commune Government as a Creator of Local Relations – The Local Innovation Context
Authors: Zwolińska-Ligaj Magdalena Anna 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Subject and purpose of work: The objective of the study is to characterise the status and nature of local authorities’ relations with local communities and to assess the importance of local relations in the process of strengthening local innovation.

Materials and methods: The survey method was employed in the research and a questionnaire was sent to heads of communes /mayors via electronic means. The research material consisted of 105 questionnaire forms.

Results: There is a perceived imbalance in the development of interactions with social and economic actors to the disadvantage of interactions with economic sector representatives. Increasing local innovation rooted in the economic dimension of the development processes of the analysed local systems has been revealed to be of a relatively lesser importance. Local Action Groups are a major contributor to the development and innovation process, mainly in the social dimension. Local relations are not perceived by the representatives of local authorities as particularly important factors of regional innovation.

Conclusions: The analysis of the local systems revealed a need to increase the scale of activity of local government representatives as part of developing relations with the economic sector. Opportunities should be sought arising from building local partnerships aimed at the implementation of pro-innovative, multi-stakeholder projects, which will have a greater capacity to influence local development processes.
Protoeconomics in the European Middle Ages and Modern Times
Authors: Wójcicki Włodzimierz 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Subject and purpose of work: The thesis presents an overview of the economic issues which existed in the European Middle Ages and modern times, prior to establishing classical economics.

Materials and methods: The thesis was prepared based on the literature review which included scientific publications and websites devoted to the economy, as well as to social and cultural changes. During the Middle Ages, the mere survival was no longer satisfactory for humans; the times saw the accumulation of wealth, which turned out to be a prerequisite for participation in social life.

Results: The initial intellectual narrative was dominated by canonists who studied the laws emerging from religious doctrines, gradually shifting their focus to philosophy, emphasizing the importance of research methods based on reason. Many universal ideas were introduced at the time.

Conclusions: a) The focus on the method used as a research tool accelerated the emergence of particular areas of scientific studies; b) Christianity constituted the cultural core in the medieval period;c) Theology, in conjunction with philosophy, constituted the source allowing for the emergence of social sciences.
“She Isn’t Going to Give Up”: Women’s Resilience in Monica Ali’s Brick Lane – A Feminist Reading
Authors: Ciocoi-Pop Ana-Blanca 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
While Monica Ali’s novel Brick Lane is most often analyzed from the vantage points of postcolonialism as a text dealing primarily with the plight of the Bangladeshi immigrant community in London, it is difficult, if not downright impossible, to overlook the crucial role women and feminine resilience (in the face of not only patriarchy, but also racism, religion and social unrest) play in the novel. In actual fact, the story can much easier be read as the plight of women in their quest for self-determination and identity than as a novel about cultural clashes in the multicultural metropolis. The present essay sets out to prove that feminism is actually at the forefront of Ali’s novel, and that the feminine characters in Brick Lane stand for a post-feminist reflection on the (still) gasping abyss between theoretical gender equality and real-life sexism.
“See the Child”: Representations of Childhood in Blood Meridian and The Road by Cormac McCarthy
Authors: Kimak Mădălina Larisa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This essay aims to illustrate the way in which the American writer Cormac McCarthy constructs the role of the children in his novels Blood Meridian, or the Evening Redness in the West and The Road to challenge the discursive reality elaborated by the two adult protagonists. The premise of this endeavor is that both Judge Holden and the man offer a logocentric vision of the world, which the young characters resist by questioning its validity and exposing its limits. The Post-Structuralist criticism of Jacques Derrida and Friedrich Nietzsche represents the theoretical foundation of the text analysis proposed below.
Cultural Encounters: Glimpses of the United States in Late Twentieth-Century Romanian Travel Narratives
Authors: Iancu Anca-Luminiţa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTravel narratives are complex accounts that include a significant layer of factual information – related to the geography, history, and/or the culture of a particular place or country – and a more personal layer, comprising the author’s unique perceptions and rendering of the travel experience. In the last thirty years of transition from a communist to a democratic society, the Romanians have been free to travel to any country they choose; however, during the communist period, especially during the 1980s, travelling to Western, capitalist countries, such as France, Great Britain, Canada, or the United States, was rather limited and fraught with complex issues. Still, Romanian travelers during that time managed to visit the United States, on diplomatic- or business-related exchanges, and published interesting travel stories of their experiences there. Therefore, this essay sets out to capture, from a comparative perspective, the impressions and encounters depicted by Radu Enescu inBetween Two Oceans(1986), Ion Dinu inTraveler through America(1991) and Viorel Sălăgean inHello America!(1992), with a view to analyzing how their descriptions and perceptions of two major urban spaces, New York City and San Francisco, reflect the complexity of the American social and cultural landscape in the late 1970s and mid-1980s.
Anxiety and Enjoyment in the Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Mierzwa Ewelina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To balance the research that has been carried out on negative emotions, the researchers in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) have recently focused on the role of positive academic emotions and their role in the process of acquiring a foreign language (FL). The aim of the present article is to examine the relationships between foreign language enjoyment (FLE), foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) and students’ academic achievement in English in order to prove that these two emotions do not constitute opposite dimensions but may converge and diverge from time to time during the learning process. This article calls for a more dynamic approach to studying emotions and investigating whether and to what extent these two emotions may mutually shape one another and thus affect learners’ achievement in the foreign language classroom.
Communication and didactics, the difficult but needful symbiosis in higher education systems
Authors: Mustica Stefano 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The first purpose of the university system is to deliver qualitative education through solid didactics/educational, but not many university structures seem really interested in the subject.
Sets of laws, measures, rules, and prescriptions of all kinds are in fact relegating it to a corner, making it less and less central and effective while also increasing the difficult to decipher, update and innovate it.
As a matter of fact, the issue of modernization of teaching methods has been tackled decisively by the European Commission, which has placed it among the priorities of its agenda. By acting in this way, EU is manifesting the conviction that a better quality for higher education will determine a growth in development and competitiveness not only for the Union itself but also for the individual universities that will define a strategy to improve the level of their teaching and learning and to give equal importance to research and teaching.
In its report on the theme of modernization and quality of teaching and learning, the European Commission summarizes its conclusions in 16 recommendations, including:
- the need for adequate teaching training for teachers;
- the need for the merits of teachers who make a significant contribution to improving teaching and learning methods to be recognized and rewarded.
But in order to achieve such quality prospects, it is necessary for university teachers to combine the knowledge of their discipline with specific communicative, cognitive and, more generally, relational skills. All this must become a principle of the university teaching of the future.
However, on a practical level, it is not uncommon to meet teachers who are not sufficiently attentive to these dimensions of the teaching-learning dynamic, failing to identify the “language” capable of transferring their theoretical/practical knowledge in the function of real learning of the student.
The Iranian nuclear issue between the West and East.
Authors: Figus Alessandro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, Iranian foreign policy is developing following a defensive line along three axes: nuclear energy, respect of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Peace in the Middle East. This paper analyzes the strategical role of Iran in reaction to the new Trump policies. There is international apprehension about the issue of nuclear weapons, a matter that reflects an alarming situation that could lead to the opening of a new war front.
Internationalization of universities of the Republic of Moldova in the context of globalization
Authors: Railean Valentin , Railean Corina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Higher education in the Republic of Moldova faces many challenges: the reduction of the student body, low levels of financing, as well as the requirement of alignment to the European standards of higher education. The internationalization of the education process can lead to the settlement of these issues and it is also an important tool in academic development, fulfilling the needs of the medium and allowing the adjustment to the existing quality standards on an institutional and national level. This paper aims at analyzing the current stage reached by institutions in the internationalization process, describing the actualities and outlining the prospects
Actual tendencies in the evolution of financial sciences
Authors: Fetiniuc Valentina , Luchian Ivan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Present article places in the center of attention finance as a science, which examines all relations of distributive and redistributive nature between different economic actors related to the formation and use of monetary resources and funds. Finance has a relatively long history of development, with ongoing substantial transformation. The results of generalization of related studies show that there are three periods in the genesis of finance as a science. First is the scientific status. Second - is related to the transition to the scientific process. The third is the scientific or rational. The fourth period is related to the formation of the neoclassical theory of finance. This transformation takes place so far under the influence of a new factor related to the establishment of the post industrial type economy. Equally important was the process of internationalization and then - of globalization. Last has a double impact. On one side, there is the consolidation of the financial system scientifically accepted as the single global vision on different areas of financial sciences. From the other hand, there is the process of adaptation and development of scientific concepts under the influence of new financial and economic conditions imposed by the superlative form related to globalization. The development of the financial sciences is also related to the need to solve a large complex of important problems of a financial nature, which will ultimately lead to the change of the global financial picture.
Broad Geographic and Host Distribution of Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus in South American Native Bees
Authors: Quintana Silvina , de Landa Gregorio Fernandez , Revainera Pablo , Meroi Facundo , Porrini Leonardo , Di Geronimo Vanesa , Brasesco Constanza , Plischuk Santiago , Eguaras Martín J. , Maggi Matias 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Apis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) is a large double stranded DNA virus of honey bees and its prevalence and relationship with other parasites is poorly known. Samples consisted of fifty-one adult bees belonging to eight native species collected using entomological nets in six provinces of Argentina, from 2009 to 2018. Total genomic DNA was extracted from individual bees and a 551 bp fragment of the Bro-N gene of AmFV was amplified by qPCR. In the present work we have reported for the first time both the presence and the wide geographic distribution of AmFV in Argentinian species of native bees. This is the first report of the presence of this virus associated with Xylocopa atamisquensis, X. augusti, X. frontalis, X. spendidula, Bombus pauloensis and Peponapis fervens. Detecting pathogens that could threaten native bee health is of outmost importance to generate both conservation and management strategies.
Depression and Metabolic Syndrome: Two Sides of the Same Coin
Authors: John George , Asghari Mona , VP Vipin , Eapen Valsamma 
Published: December 2019

Summary
This aim of this review was to examine the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and depression, which is complex and multifaceted with many inter-related factors includinggenetics, lifestylefactors, environmentalfactorsand other psychological factors at play. There is some evidence to suggest that depression may lead to the development of cardiovascular disease through its association with MetS. It has also been suggested that depressive symptoms may be a consequence rather than the cause of the MetS, as obesity and dyslipidemia have been shown as predictive of depressive symptoms. Thus, the relationship between MetS and depression seems to be a two-way street and bi-directional just as the two sides of the same coin.