bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geomorphological Characteristic of Landslide Hazard Zones in Sukarame Village, Cisolok Subdistric, Sukabumi Regency
Authors: Damayanti Astrid , Angin Fadhil , Adib Andhia , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Geomorphology is the study of landforms, the processes of its formation, and the relations between forms and processes in their spatial order. Landslide is the movement of a mass of rock or earth from a higher place to a lower level due to the interaction of the geology structures, hydrology, and geomorphology. In a geomorphological unit, various aspects actively control the occurrence of ground movements. Knowing the geomorphological characteristics is crucial to identify a large estimation of the potential for landslides in the region. The Village of Sukarame is one of the villages in the Sukabumi Regency located on the slopes of Mount Halimun, whose territory is divided into west and east, separated by the Cisukarame River. Mapping the required geomorphological units Digital Data Elevation Model Indonesia (DEMNas) from the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG) is processed for altitude and slope data, as well as geological data and river data collected from BIG. Verification of landslide events through interviews and field surveys geomorphological unit analysis is done by overlaying and comparing the results of field observations. Also, a descriptive analysis is conducted by observing the map of landslide hazards zone from INARisk. The results show that the Village of Sukarame materialized from volcanic and fluvial origins. It has nine geomorphological units, which are the Hill Intrusion, Floodplain, Tapos Breccia Volcanic Plain, Citorek Tuff Volcanic Plain, Halimun Lava Slope, Tapos Breccia Slope, Citorek Tuff Slope, Fumaroles Plain, and Halimun Lava Field. Landslide-prone areas in Sukarame are in the geomorphological unit of Hill Intrusion, east of Halimun Lava Slope, Citorek Tuff Volcanic Plain, and along the river cliffs of the Cisukarame River and Cimaja River. The landslides occur naturally on the river cliffs of Floodplain and the cliffs of Citorek Tuff Volcanic Plain, which are dominated by sediments that cause the soil surface to become unstable. Moreover, anthropogenic activities, such as mining in the Hill Intrusion, also affect landslide occurrence in Sukarame.
Karst Groundwater Vulnerability and Risk to Pollution Hazard in the Eastern Part of Gunungsewu Karst Area
Authors: Budiyanto Eko , Muzayanah  , Prasetyo Ketut 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Karst landscape generally has a high vulnerability to pollution. Karst landscape is a landscape that forms from soluble rock. The solution processes results many holes which connecting the surface to underground river networks. Soil and vegetation are generally thin and sparse. The increasing of the population and they various activities can add pressures to the landscapes such as in the eastern parst of Gunungsewu. The karst groundwater management and protection effort need its intrinsic vulnerability and risks to the groundwater pollution hazard characteristics information. The aim of the study are to assess the level of vulnerability and risk of groundwater in the eastern part of Gunungsewu karst area against pollution hazards, as well as making maps of land use directives in the area. Vulnerability and risk to pollution was based on budiyanto’s model. The model was based on remote sensing data of Landsat 8 OLI and GDEM ASTER. The result of this study indicate that most of the study area has a high level of vulnerability to pollution hazard. However, this area mostly has a low level risk to pollution hazard. It is in line to the lack of sources of groundwater pollutants hazard, the presence of soils on karst rocks, and the presence of vegetation cover. Land use direction maps produced based on the level of vulnerability and risk to pollution. It shows that most of these areas are designated as protected areas. However, there are areas for the maintenance of land functions that vulnerable and high risk to pollution.
Utilization of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Mapping Landslide Prone Areas in Kendari City
Authors: Amaluddin La Ode , Musyawarah Rahma , Ili La , Tanjung Akbar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Landslides that occurred in Kendari City from the past few years have caused casualties, precisely in 2017 in Kampung Salo, Kendari District. The occurrence of landslides is influenced by several factors, namely from the type of soil, rainfall, slope and land use. This research aims (1) To map landslide prone zones using geographic information systems; and (2) To produce information to find out landslide-prone zones so that they can be avoided. The research method used was overlay method of analysis techniques, which was through scoring and weighting. The results of the landslide-prone map study were made using GIS with ArcSIG 10.1 software application through the overlay process in the form of shp format. Furthermore, adding up all parameter scores so that the minimum and maximum values of the city of Kendari are obtained for areas not prone to landslides of 3405.09 ha or 12.69% covering the sub-districts of Kambu, Baruga, Poasia, Mandonga and some regions, the area is prone to landslides of 5574.34 ha or 20.78% covering the Abeli sub-district, Baruga, Puwatu area which is quite prone to landslides of 12041.48 ha or 45% covering the Abeli sub-district, Baruga, a small portion of Kaida, Kambu, Mandonga, Puwatu, and Wua-Wua in areas that dominate potential prone to landslides of 40.78 ha or 1.27% or 15.05% covering parts of Abeli, Kendari and Kendari Barat sub-districts, while areas that are very prone are 4038.34 ha or 15.05%, which include Kendari, Kendari Barat, Mandonga, Abeli and part small sub-districts of Poasia, Puwatu, and Baruga.
Development of Population Activities In Sukarame Village In The Strict Regulations of The Mount Halimun Salak National Park: Case Study of Sukarame Village, Cisolok Sub-District, Sukabumi Regency
Authors: Damayanti Astrid , Putra Tommy Yulianto , Prakusya Yudya Alif Ridhoni 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Based on UU No. 5 Tahun 1990 (the law), national parks are natural conservation areas that have native ecosystems, managed by zoning systems that are used for research, science, education, cultural, tourism, and recreational purposes. Behind this most popular concept of nature in the world, there are many problems of land use in it. Sukarame Village is one example of a village where most of the village area is in the Halimun Salak National Park area. There are various reasons people can live and carry out economic and socio-cultural activities in the Halimun Salak National Park area. One of the economic activities was PETI (unlicensed gold mining), which can show there is an economic activity to the tertiary level. For indigenous people, this modernization can continue without removing various native cultures and values. This study aims to analyze the indigenous people activities and land-use in the national park rules. Data collection in this study used field surveys and in-depth interviews with village officials and local communities. The analyze are used qualitative descriptive. The results of the study show that people’s activities and development can continue, although the people of Sukarame Village are living in the national park area with limited access to several villages. Historical and natural resources are the reason factor for people to survive and settle. Then, there are some agreements with local government, so the indigenous people can continue their activities and accept the modernization.
Environment Condition of Indonesian Migrant Worker in The Destination Countries and The Amount of Remittance Delivery to Origin Region
Authors: Budijanto  , Achmad Wan Brahim Wan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The research area about two decades ago is an area that most of the poor people were working in agriculture, the cultivation of dry land, with an area of arable land holdings averaging less than 0.2 ha. Their remittances, in just one decade the area has been turned into an area at the center of economic activity diverse community, neighborhood conditions are arranged, and luxurious impression, the growing flow of transport and communications make the economic wheels spin it appears in the bustle of economic activity community. Hence the importance of exposing working conditions migrant workers in destination countries that affect the delivery of remittances from destination countries to their home area. Therefore, the aim of this research is to discover and reveal the influences of the determinants behind lartar working environment TKI environmental conditions in destination countries against the remittance delivery to their home area. The research approach used is a quantitative approach. It also uses survey methods, data collection by interview. The research location is Tulungagung. The results showed that determinant background working environment in the destination country of TKI provides great influences on the remittance delivery to their home area. The results of the study include 1) Region destination country labor migrants working in the Far East of remittances sent to the place of origin are greater than the migrant workers working in the Middle East and Southeast Asia, 2) The status of migrant workers who of the legality of remittances sent to the region origin is greater than the illegal status, 3) Long working migrant workers in the destination country the larger the number of years, remittances sent to their home area larger than workers who work shorter.
Peak Document and the Future of History
Authors: McNeill J. R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Among the ongoing revolutions in historical research is the flood of new information about the past that comes not from written documents but from the natural sciences and archaeology. What might this mean for the profession of history, and for our training and institutional practices? How might it affect our research and interpretations of the past? Which fields of history will be most and least affected? I argue for a cautious embrace of the new data about the past coming from the paleosciences, offering a few examples of the promise and perils presented by the work of our natural science and archaeology colleagues. With each passing year, the proportion of our knowledge of the past that derives from the kinds of documents we have learned to read and interpret will shrink, and the proportion that derives from what to most of us are unfamiliar sciences will mount. This has implications. First, the deeper past might make a comeback. The last century or two are the best documented and will likely be least affected by the flood. The intellectual excitement may tip toward the study of earlier centuries where relative significance of information in other formats is greater. Second, the ways in which we train historians may need to change. A possible partial guide to our future as historians is the experience of precolonial Africanists, who are accustomed to research without written documents.
Histologic and Laboratory Characteristics of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Castleman Disease in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Chisholm Karen M , Fleming Mark D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Compare the morphologic, laboratory, and clinical features of asymptomatic and symptomatic Castleman disease in the pediatric population.

Methods
We reviewed clinical records and histopathology of patients with Castleman disease from 2 pediatric institutions.

Results
Of 39 patients with pediatric Castleman disease, 37 had unicentric disease, all classified with the hyaline vascular variant of Castleman disease, 8 of which were clinically symptomatic. These 8 patients demonstrated abnormal laboratory findings, including microcytic anemia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, and hypoalbuminemia. In addition, histopathologic evaluation showed that the 8 symptomatic cases had more hyperplastic germinal centers, fewer atrophic or regressed germinal centers, fewer mantle zones containing multiple germinal centers, reduced “onion skinning” of mantle zones, and fewer “lollipop” formations compared with the asymptomatic cases.

Conclusions
This series of pediatric Castleman disease showed that lymph nodes from asymptomatic patients generally demonstrated the more classic hyaline vascular histology, whereas those with symptoms could lack or have only focal classic findings. As such, reactive lymph nodes with subtle Castleman-like features should prompt clinical correlation to ensure proper diagnosis.
An Innovative, Prospective, Hybrid Cohort-Cluster Study Design to Characterize Dengue Virus Transmission in Multigenerational Households in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand
Authors: Anderson Kathryn B , Buddhari Darunee , Srikiatkhachorn Anon , Gromowski Gregory D , Iamsirithaworn Sopon , Weg Alden L , Ellison Damon W , Macareo Louis , Cummings Derek A T , Yoon In-Kyu , Nisalak Ananda , Ponlawat Alongkot , Thomas Stephen J , Fernandez Stefan , Jarman Richard G , Rothman Alan L , Endy Timothy P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Difficulties inherent in the identification of immune correlates of protection or severe disease have challenged the development and evaluation of dengue vaccines. There persist substantial gaps in knowledge about the complex effects of age and sequential dengue virus (DENV) exposures on these correlations. To address these gaps, we were conducting a novel family-based cohort-cluster study for DENV transmission in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. The study began in 2015 and is funded until at least 2023. As of May 2019, 2,870 individuals in 485 families were actively enrolled. The families comprise at least 1 child born into the study as a newborn, 1 other child, a parent, and a grandparent. The median age of enrolled participants is 21 years (range 0–93 years). Active surveillance is performed to detect acute dengue illnesses, and annual blood testing identifies subclinical seroconversions. Extended follow-up of this cohort will detect sequential infections and correlate antibody kinetics and sequence of infections with disease outcomes. The central goal of this prospective study is to characterize how different DENV exposure histories within multigenerational family units, from DENV-naive infants to grandparents with multiple prior DENV exposures, affect transmission, disease, and protection at the level of the individual, household, and community.
Characteristics of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Caused by Emerging Serotypes After the Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in England: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study, 2014–2018
Authors: Amin-Chowdhury Zahin , Collins Sarah , Sheppard Carmen , Litt David , Fry Norman K , Andrews Nick , Ladhani Shamez N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
England is experiencing a rapid increase in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by serotypes 8, 12F, and 9N; their clinical characteristics and outcomes have not been described.

Methods
Public Health England conducts national IPD surveillance. Cases due to emerging serotypes were compared with those included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and the remaining non-PCV13 serotypes.

Results
There were 21 592 IPD cases during 2014–15 to 2017–18, including 20 108 (93.1%) with serotyped isolates and 17 450 (86.8%) with completed questionnaires. PCV13 serotypes were responsible for 20.1% (n = 4033), while serotype 8 (3881/20 108 [19.3%]), 12F (2365/20 108 [11.8%]), and 9N (1 296/20 108 [6.4%]) were together responsible for 37.5% of cases. Invasive pneumonia was the most common presentation (11 424/16 346 [69.9%]) and, overall, 67.0% (n = 11 033) had an underlying comorbidity. The median age (interquartile range) at IPD due to serotypes 8 (59 [45–72] years) and 12F (56 [41–70] years) was lower than serotype 9N (67 [53–80] years), PCV13 serotypes (68 [52–81] years), and remaining non-PCV13 serotypes (70 [53–82] years). Serotype 9N IPD cases also had higher comorbidity prevalence (748/1087 [68.8%]) compared to serotype 8 (1901/3228 [58.9%]) or 12F (1042/1994 [52.3%]), and higher case fatality (212/1128 [18.8%]) compared to 8.6% (291/3365) or 10.0% (209/2086), respectively.

Conclusions
Serotypes 8 and 12F were more likely to cause IPD in younger, healthier individuals and less likely to be fatal, while serotype 9N affected older adults with comorbidities and had higher case fatality.
Naturally Acquired Protection Against Upper Respiratory Symptoms Involving Group A Streptococcus in a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Lewnard Joseph A , Whittles Lilith K , Rick Anne-Marie , Martin Judith M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPharyngitis due to group A Streptococcus (GAS) represents a major cause of outpatient visits and antibiotic use in the United States. A leading vaccine candidate targets 30 of the &gt; 200 emm types of GAS. We aimed to assess natural protection conferred by GAS against respiratory symptoms.MethodsIn a 5-year study among school-aged children in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, pharyngeal cultures were obtained from children at 2-week intervals, and active surveillance was conducted for respiratory illnesses. We assessed protection via the relative odds of previous detection of homologous strains (defined by field-inversion gel electrophoresis banding pattern), emm types, and emm clusters at visits where GAS was detected with symptoms, vs visits where GAS was detected without symptoms. We used a cluster bootstrap of children to adjust estimates for repeated sampling.ResultsAt visits where previously detected GAS emm types were identified, we estimated 81.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.1%–91.7%) protection against typical pharyngitis symptoms among children reacquiring the same strain, and 94.5% (95% CI, 83.5%–98.6%) protection among children acquiring a distinct strain. We estimated 77.1% (95% CI, 33.7%–96.3%) protection against typical symptoms among children acquiring partially heterologous emm types belonging to a previously detected emm cluster. Protection was evident after both symptomatic and asymptomatic detections of GAS. We did not identify strong evidence of protection against atypical respiratory symptoms.ConclusionsWithin a 5-year longitudinal study, previous detection of GAS emm types was associated with protection against typical symptoms when homologous strains were subsequently detected. Naturally acquired protection against partially heterologous types suggests that emm type–based vaccines may have broader strain coverage than what has been previously assumed.
Simultaneous determination of uric acid and creatinine in plasma by reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
Authors: Zhiri A , Houot O , Wellman-Bednawska M , Siest G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Because numerous substances, endogenous compounds as well as xenobiotics, interfere with determination of uric acid and creatinine, we have devised a more nearly specific method by which we can simultaneously determine uric acid and creatinine in plasma by "high-performance" liquid chromatography. We used a mobile phase of ammonium acetate (30 mmol/L) and methanol (156 mmol/L) at pH 7.0 and a flow rate of 1 mL/min. We used a C18 reversed-phase column, and measured absorbance at 235 nm, the wavelength corresponding to the absorption maximum of uric acid and creatinine. Uric acid and creatinine could be determined in less than 5 min by directly injecting plasma diluted fivefold; use of a precolumn eliminated the need for deproteinization. We evaluated the precision, recovery, linearity, specificity, and limit of detection of the method and we checked for analytical interference by 37 currently used drugs. We compared results with those obtained by routine and reference methods.
Enzyme-antigen immunoassay for human placental alkaline phosphatase in serum and tissue extracts, and its application as a tumor marker.
Authors: Pollet D E , Nouwen E J , Schelstraete J B , Renard J , Van de Voorde A , De Broe M E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this enzyme-antigen immunoassay for human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP; EC 3.1.3.1.) in serum and tissue extracts, polyclonal rabbit antiserum to mouse IgG2b is adsorbed to the wells of a microtiter plate, its excess binding sites are blocked, then it is incubated with murine monoclonal anti-hPLAP and mixed with serially diluted standard or sample antigen. The amount of antigen bound is determined by measuring its enzymic activity. The standard curve is linear for hPLAP concentrations of 0.2 to 1 U/L. The mean within-assay CV was 3.8% (SD 0.9%) for a serum sample and 6.1% (SD 3.0%) for a tissue extract. The respective mean between-assay CVs were: 6.7% (SD 2.0%), and 7.0% (SD 2.0%). Serum hPLAP concentrations, determined in four different dilutions, had a CV of 5.5%. We evaluated the method by standard additions and by comparing dilution curves for purified hPLAP, hPLAP in serum, and hPLAP in tissue extracts. The upper limit of activity in normal subjects was 0.1 U/L for serum samples, and 1.0 mU/g wet weight of tissue for tissue extracts. hPLAP activity was increased in 9.8% of all cancer patients, and in 40% of ovarian cancer patients. Almost half of the tumor biopsies were positive for hPLAP activity, and 94% of the biopsies from ovarian neoplasia had an increased activity of this isoenzyme. Of the nonmalignant tissues examined, normal lung tissue had the highest hPLAP activity.
Highly sensitive solid-phase immunoenzymometric assay for placental and placental-like alkaline phosphatases with a monoclonal antibody and monodisperse polymer particles.
Authors: Millán J L , Nustad K , Nørgaard-Pedersen B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We have used a mouse monoclonal antibody (H7) to placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP, EC 3.1.3.1) in developing an immunoenzymometric assay for PLAP and PLAP-like enzymes. The antibody is bound to sheep anti-mouse IgG (Ab2) covalently coupled to tosylated shell-and-core light (1.07 g/cm3) monodisperse polymer particles. Adding the H7-Ab2-polymer particle suspension to a PLAP-containing sample gives maximal binding of the antigen within 10 min. PLAP and PLAP-like enzymes remain active and bound to the solid-phase throughout all assay manipulations, and can thus be saved for future testing. In testing the enzymes for inhibition by L-Phe, L-Phe-Gly-Gly, L-Leu, and L-homoarginine, the effect of all the inhibitors is fully reversible. The assay is highly versatile, and its sensitivity (routinely 0.05 micrograms/L) can be increased 1000-fold by adjusting the sample volume and incubation time (sample volume is irrelevant between 50 microL and 5 mL). We have measured the basal activities of PLAP in men and women and, by using enzyme inhibitors, have characterized it as corresponding to the PLAP-like phenotypes described in normal human testis.
Zinc content of cellular components of blood: methods for cell separation and analysis evaluated.
Authors: Milne D B , Ralston N V , Wallwork J C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Platelets, mononucleated cells, polymorphonucleated cells, and erythrocytes were separated from whole blood by use of discontinuous gradients of colloidal polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silica ("Percoll"). We measured the zinc content of these cells by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, using a modified technique for micro-samples that obviated matrix interferences. Thus, results obtained by conventional flame atomic absorption and by the micro-method were identical. Inter-comparisons of separation methods indicated that separation of platelets and mononucleated cells by a two-gradient system of "Ficoll-Hypaque" (a synthetic polymer of sucrose) or Percoll was relatively poor, whereas there was a good separation when a tertiary gradient system of Percoll was used. The apparent zinc content of mononucleated cells depended on the degree of separation from the platelets, with contamination by platelets resulting in artificially high values for mononucleated cells.