bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactate Secreted by PKM2 Upregulation Promotes Galectin-9-Mediated Immunosuppression via Inhibiting NF-κB Pathway in HNSCC
Authors: Chang Hanyue , Xu Qiaoshi , Li Jiayi , Li Mingyu , Zhang Zhiyuan , Ma Hailong , Yang Xi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, and which plays a critical role in tumor progression in various malignancies. However, whether PKM2 can promote head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression and immunosuppression remains unknown. Methods: PKM2 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. The biological functions of PKM2 were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Lactate production and the expression of galectin-9, a critical immunosuppression molecule, were detected after PKM2 knockdown and overexpression in HNSCC cells. Results: Overexpression of PKM2 correlates with poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. Silencing PKM2 markedly inhibits proliferation and metastasis capacity in vivo and in vitro, and vice versa. Furthermore, lactate production induced by PKM2 significantly promotes migration and invasion. A positive correlation between PKM2 and galectin-9 expression is observed in HNSCC tissues. Finally, the induction of galectin-9 expression by PKM2 can be affected by a lactate transporter inhibitor.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that PKM2 promotes tumor progression and galectin-9-mediated immunosuppression via NF-κB signaling inhibition in HNSCC, which bridges metabolism and immunosuppression. The novel PKM2-lactate-galectin-9 axis might be a potential therapeutic target in HNSCC.
Comparing Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Obese and Nonobese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huang Xiaoxiong , Qin Wanjin , Yang Huilin , Shen Minjie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Our study aimed to compare the outcomes of obese and nonobese patients following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF).Methods: Relevant studies comparing the outcome of MIS-TLIF between obese and nonobese patients were involved to make a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. All of the comparative studies published in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases as recently as 10 July 2020, were included. Primary outcomes (complications) and secondary outcomes (Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, the length of hospital stay, the duration of surgery, and the estimated blood loss) were assessed between obese patients and nonobese patients. Statistical analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 and forest plots were made for each outcome.Results: Nine studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis. BMI correlated significantly with complications, and postoperative complications occurred more frequently in obese patients. Additionally, obese patients after MIS-TLIF were associated with similar Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, Visual Analog Scale score for back pain(BP-VAS), and Visual Analog Scale score for leg pain(LP-VAS) scores in early (≤6 months after MIS-TLIF) and late period (≥24 months after MIS-TLIF). There was no significant difference in intraoperative complications, duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, and estimated blood loss between the two groups.Conclusion: Obese patients should not be excluded from MIS-TLIF procedures due to worry about higher postoperative complication rates. Understanding common postoperative complications after MIS-TLIF will improve the treatment of obese patients with the degenerative lumbar disease.
Identification of Novel Survival Related lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Competing Endogenous RNA Network Associated with Immune Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Jianxin , Han Ting , Wang Xin , Wang Yinchun , Yang Qingqiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Increasing studies have reported that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in colorectal cancer (CRC) are not fully understood.Methods: Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in CRC samples were screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. After that, the key miRNAs were filtered out through a comprehensive assessment of their expression levels and prognostic values. Subsequently, the targeted downstream mRNAs and upstream lncRNAs of the key miRNAs were predicted by using multiple bioinformatic databases. A ceRNA network was constructed by using Cytoscape, and the Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed on this network using the DAVID database. Ultimately, expression levels and prognostic values of the lncRNAs and mRNAs were evaluated, and a survival related ceRNA network was constructed and visualized by using Cytoscape. In addition, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software package was employed to identify the pathways in which this survival related ceRNA network was enriched. Furthermore, correlations of ceRNA network with immune infiltration level were estimated by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases.Results: In total, 28 dysregulated miRNAs were obtained, and two of them were identified as key miRNAs based on expression levels and prognostic values analyses. Subsequently, a total of three upstream lncRNAs and 309 downstream mRNAs were predicted by using bioinformatic tools, and two key lncRNAs and eight key mRNAs were identified by expression and survival analysis. A ceRNA regulatory network associated with the prognosis of CRC patients was constructed. Furthermore, GSEA analysis indicated the possible association of key mRNAs with CRC onset and progression. Importantly, immune infiltration analysis revealed that the ceRNA network was remarkably associated with infiltration abundance of multiple immune cells and expression levels of immune checkpoints.Conclusions: We constructed a survival related ceRNA regulatory network in human CRC, NEAT1 and XIST are potential prognostic factors that affect CRC onset and progression by targeting miR-195-5p.
A COVID-19 model with a nonlinear incidence rate and intervention exit strategies for Kenya
Authors: Mbogo Rachel Waema , Nyabadza Farai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a novel infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, a corona virus type that has previously not been seen in humans. The speedy spread of COVID-19 globally has greatly affected the socio-economic environments and health systems. To effectively address this rapid spread, it is imperative to have a clear understanding of the COVID-19 transmission dynamics. In this study we evaluate a COVID-19 epidemic model with a nonlinear incidence function and a saturating treatment rate. We propose an SLIRD data driven COVID 19 model which incorporates individual self initiated behavior change of the susceptible individuals. The proposed model allows the evaluation of the impact of easing intervention measures at specific times. To estimate the model parameters, the model was fitted to the daily reported COVID-19 cases in Kenya. Self initiated behavioral responses by individuals and large scale persistent testing proved to be the most effective measures to flatten the epidemic infection curve. Evidence from the simulations points out that, return to normalcy from COVID -19 pandemic will require individual behavior change in adhering to intervention measures and especially proper wearing of face masks and personal hygiene, alongside effective contact-tracing and active testing. The results have significant impact on the management of COVID-19 and implementation of the intervention exit strategies.
Addressing Well-being, Burnout, and Professional Fulfillment in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Trainees during the COVID-19 Pandemic through Implementation of a Virtual Balint-like Group: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chochol Megan D. , Pease Eric , Swintak Cosima , Anand Uma 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: Physicians, including psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees, are at higher risk of burnout compared to the average working population. The COVID-19 pandemic heightens this risk. The purpose of this pilot was to enhance professional fulfillment and sense of professional support while decreasing risk of burnout in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) trainees’ through virtual delivery of a novel Balint-based well-being curriculum.Methods: The pilot included six CAP trainees. The 8 fortnightly 60 minute sessions were co-facilitated by a psychologist and psychiatrist. Sessions combined emotional awareness skills with a Balint-based approach to case review. The authors assessed trainee well-being, professional fulfillment, and sense of professional support pre- and post-intervention with the Well-being Index (WBI), Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI), and the authors’ own supplemental survey questions assessing sense of professional support.Results: Trainees found the curriculum feasible and useful. Pre- and post-intervention surveys showed a 23.3% reduction in burnout (p=0.027) as well as significant improvements in happiness at work, enthusiasm toward work, sensitivity to others, and connectedness with colleagues. The authors found positive trends in additional aspects of professional fulfillment and sense of professional support.Discussion: A novel well-being curriculum focused on combining emotional awareness skills with a Balint-like approach enhances professional fulfillment and a sense of professional support and decreases the risk of burnout, even when delivered virtually. Virtual delivery is especially important as such platforms play prominent roles during COVID-19. This pilot demonstrates feasibility and utility, and supports the planned expansion of this low-cost, high-value intervention for trainee well-being.
Intubation prognosis in COVID-19 patients and associated factors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohammadi Mostafa , Varpaei Hesam Aldin , Amini Majid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background: In December 2019, a new pathogen, HCoV, or New Corona Virus 2019 (2019-nCoV), was recognized in Wuhan, China, causing a pandemic. COVID-19 has a wide range of clinical severity. Approximately 3.2% of patients within some periods of the disease require intubation and invasive ventilation. Methods: This study was descriptive-analytical and was conducted in the Imam Khomeini Hospital. Patients with Covid-19 who required endotracheal intubation were identified and their clinical signs and laboratory parameters were recorded. SPSS23 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: 120 patients with coronavirus with different conditions were evaluated. The mean age was 55±14. 30 patients had cardiovascular disease (hypertension) and 20 endocrine disease(diabetes). Respiratory acidosis, decreased oxygen saturation, lymphopenia, and increased CRP were the most common finding before intubation. 31 patients had no comorbidity conditions. However, 27 patients had more than one comorbidity condition, and 23 experienced acute respiratory distress syndrome. The mortality rate was 49.2%. Discussion: Although all laboratory parameters and patients symptoms can affect the treatment outcome, it was found that WBC and absolute lymphocyte count, BUN, SOFA and APACHE scores, inflammatory index ratio CRP / LDH % CRP / ESR% and ESR / LDH%, arterial blood gas indices, pulse rate, and patient temperature before intubation are among the parameters that can affect the patient's 14-day prognosis. Conclusion: Except for the mentioned items, CRP / LDH% ratio seems to be a good indicator for checking the prognosis of discharge or death of patients within 14 days, However, CRP / ESR% and ESR / LDH% are appropriate criteria for determining the prognosis for discharge or stay in the ICU for more than 14 days.
FOUR score versus GCS in patients with traumatic brain injury in the prehospital setting
Authors: Furman Matej Rubelli , Gorenjak Mario , Ravnik Janez 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In the last few decades, different coma scoring scales have been proposed. The purpose of this study is to compare two coma scales, the GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) and the FOUR score (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness score), aiming to examine which scale is better for predicting outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the prehospital setting.Methods: We evaluated the GCS and FOUR scores in the prehospital setting at three different prehospital timepoints, and we reassessed the scores in surviving patients 24 hours, one month and three months after the injury. Then, we compared the outcomes.We used the χ² method, and based on the analysis with the best cut-off point for each model, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity and correct prediction of outcomes with four severity scores. The Youden index, Z score, McNemar's test and ROC curve were also assessed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Both scales were ranked with gain ratios.Results: We included 200 TBI patients who were treated in a prehospital setting by a prehospital specialized medical unit. In terms of the predictions of positive outcomes, our study showed the following:1. Twenty-four hours after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the FOUR 1 and GCS 1 models.2. One month after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the following models: FOUR 2 and GCS 3 as well as FOUR 3 and GCS 3.3. Three months after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the following models: FOUR 2 and GCS 1, FOUR 3 and GCS 1, and GCS 1 and GCS 2.Conclusions: In our study, the results of our research confirm that there are no practical or clinical differences between the GCS and FOUR scores in terms of predicting morality outcomes 24 hours, one month, and three months after injury. No statistically significant differences were found in the Youden index or the area under the ROC curve 24 hours, one month or three months after the injury.
Microvesicles-mediated Cell Communication in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Chen Lei , Gu Ying-Jian , Zhou Ming-Yuan , Cheng Lin , Wang Yun 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is one of the chronic diseases
that affect human health. Microvesicles participate in the communication between cells
by fusing with the recipient cells to transfer the bioactive molecules, such as lipids, proteins,
RNA, etc., to the target cells. Microvesicles are involved in various biological processes
and have the functions of regulating immunity, promoting angiogenesis, and so
on. Microvesicles derived from various cells may become the diagnostic biomarkers or
therapeutic targets for the diseases. Therefore, exploring the role of microvesicles-mediated
cell communication has become a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary arterial
hypertension.

Objective:
It is to clarify the classification, features, and mechanism of microvesicles in
cell communication and to discuss the potentially important roles of microvesicles-mediated
cell communication in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Results:
Inflammation is an important pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Many studies have shown that microvesicles from different cells can participate in the
pathological process of pulmonary arterial hypertension by transferring the inflammatory
factors contained in them.

Conclusion:
Microvesicles-mediated cell communication may become the therapeutic
target for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Native Chilean Plants
Authors: Salehi Bahare , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Herrera-Bravo Jesús , Salazar Luis A. , Delporte Carla , Barra Gabriela Valenzuela , Cazar Ramirez Maria-Elena , López Maria Dolores , Ramírez-Alarcón Karina , Cruz-Martins Natália , Martorell Miquel 
Published: November 2020

:
The native flora of Chile has unique characteristics due to the geographical situation of the country,
with the vast desert in the North, Patagonia in the South, the Andean Mountains on the east and the Pacific
Ocean on the west. This exclusivity is reflected in high concentrations of phytochemicals in the fruits and
leaves of its native plants. Some examples are Aristotelia chilensis (Molina), Stuntz (maqui), Berberis microphylla
G. Forst. (calafate), Peumus boldus Molina (boldo), Ribes magellanicum Poir. (Magellan currant), Ugni
molinae Turcz. (murtilla), Rubus geoides Sm. (miñe miñe), Drimys winteri J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (canelo),
Luma apiculata (DC.) Burret (arrayán) distributed throughout the entire Chilean territory. Some of these Chilean
plants have been used for centuries in the country's traditional medicine. The most recent studies of phytochemical
characterization of parts of Chilean plants show a wide spectrum of antioxidant compounds, phenolic
components, terpenoids and alkaloids, which have shown biological activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies.
This manuscript covers the entire Chilean territory characterizing the phytochemical profile and reporting some
of its biological properties, focusing mainly on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, chemopreventive
and cytotoxic activity, and potential against diabetes, metabolic syndrome and gastrointestinal disorders.
Identification of Proteases: Carboxypeptidase and Aminopeptidase as Putative Virulence Factors of Fusarium solani Species Complex
Authors: Madhu Swati N. , Sharma Savitri , Gajjar Devarshi U 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Fusarium keratitis accounts for around 50% of mycotic keratitis cases. Major virulence factors produced by keratopathogenic fungi are proteases.

Objective:
The aim of the current study was to identify proteases contributing to corneal pathogenicity of Fusarium species.

Methods:
Culture filtrates from fourteen Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) isolates and three F. delphinoides isolates were evaluated for protease activity and gelatine zymography. Mass spectroscopy was carried out using a partially purified enzyme and total extracellular extract. Protease gene expression in an in-vitro condition and an ex-vivo goat corneal infection model was measured using qRT-PCR. Specific activity was observed in a wide range and at a broad pH range; and isolates Cs1 (maximum) and Cc50 (minimum) were selected for the infection model.

Results:
Gene expression in in-vitro condition showed the highest fold change for proteases (C7YY94, C7Z7U2 and C7Z6W1) while in an ex-vivo infection highest fold change was seen for proteases (C7Z6W1, C7YQJ2 and C7Z7U2); in decreasing order, respectively. Expression of aminopeptidase (C7Z6W1) was 50-fold higher in the infected cornea in both isolates (Cs1 and Cc50); while expression of carboxypeptidase (C7YVF3) was 15-fold higher only in isolate Cs1. Corneal histology showed less penetration of Cc50 than Cs1 into the stroma. Mass spectrometry showed the presence of carboxypeptidase (C7YVF3) and tripeptidyl amino peptidase.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that clinical isolates of FSSC produce varying amounts of proteases and differ in specific activity and gene expression in both conditions (in vitro and ex vivo). Carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase contribute to the pathogenic potential of Fusarium solani species complex.
BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC (PHB) FROM BACTERIA COLLECTED FROM GOPALPUR BEACH, BHUBANESWAR
Authors: KUMARI DIPALI , JAIPURIAR DIPTI SONI , KANCHANA PARIJATHAM , VARMA SIBYALA MALATHI , GURJA SONY 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Environmental concerns have prompted research into the development of biodegradable polymer as an alternative to petroleum-based plastics. Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) are good alternatives to produce biodegradable plastics. Some bacteria are found to be producing PHB. The aim of this work was to isolate potential PHB producing bacteria and screen them for their ability to produce PHB.
Methods: Contaminated water sample from Gopalpur beach, Bhubaneswar was the source of bacteria. Three colonies were isolated from the water sample. The samples were named as C1, C2 and C3. The colonies were first identified by colony morphology. The sudan black screening test was done to screen for the production of (PHB) polyhydroxy butyrate by bacterial isolates.
Results: The bacterial isolates C1 and C2 showed a positive result for the production of polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB). Presence of PHB granules in Cocobacillus and Rod shaped bacillus was confirmed.
Conclusion: Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a kind of microbial polyester that accumulates as a carbon/energy reserve material in various microorganisms, was thus concluded to be a decent alternative for plastics. Because of their special characteristics and broad biological applications, biodegradable plastics are compounds with a promising future.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF DRY EYES IN DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS AND IT’S EFFECT ON VISUAL ACUITY
Authors: K. MIDHUNA , N. DIVYA , VEERAMANI V. PANIMALAR A. , BHASKARAN BINDU 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To find out the incidence and prevalence of Dry Eyes in Diabetic patients and find out its effect on visual acuity.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Schirmer’s test was done for 100 diabetic patients taking part in the research. Those with dry eyes were tested for their visual acuity and were asked to fill a questionnaire based on associated ocular symptoms. The collected data were analysed using Microsoft Excel.
Results: There is about an incidence of 82% of dry eyes in diabetic patients. It’s more prevalent among elderly women. There seems to be a significant effect of dry eys on visual acuity as 31% of those tested with dry eyes have a moderate visual impairment.
Conclusion: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing dry eye. So diabetic patients should undergo regular ocular examination and must be screened for dry eyes. Early diagnosis and treatment of dry eyes is the best choice to prevent ocular complications in the future.
The Role of Profitability in Mediating the Effect of Capital Structure and Liquidity on Firm Value in Food and Beverage Sub-Sector in Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Paramitha Putu Dyah Pradnya 
Published: November 2020

This study aims to analyze the significance of the capital structure and liquidity effect on the profitability value, to analyze the significance of the capital structure, liquidity and profitability effect on firm value, and to analyze the role of profitability in mediating the capital structure and liquidity effect on firm value. The population in this study is food and beverage companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample was conducted by purposive sampling method and then the number of samples is 12 companies. The research data is secondary data obtained from the website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the Indonesia Capital Market Directory from 2013 until 2016. Data analysis is by path analysis technique with IBM SPSS Statistic Version 22. The results of this study showed that: (1) the capital structure negative, not significant impact on profitability. (2) the liquidity had negative significant impact on profitability. (3) the capital structure had negative significant impact on firm value. (4) the liquidity had a negative not significant impact on firm value. (5) the profitability had a positive and significant impact on firm value. (6) profitability is able to mediate the effect of capital structure on firm value significantly. (7) profitability is able to mediate the effect of liquidity on firm value significantly.