bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating voluntary and involuntary attention in bistable visual perception: A MEG study
Authors: Chholak Parth , Maksimenko Vladimir A. , Hramov Alexander E. , Pisarchik Alexander N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe introduce a method for measuring human attention when performing a visual task consisting in different interpretations of a bistable image. The Necker cube with flickering faces was presented to nine conditionally healthy volunteers. The pixels intensity in the front and rear cube faces were modulated by a sinusoidal signal with 6.67-Hz (60/9) and 8.57-Hz (60/7) frequencies, respectively. The tags of these frequencies and their second harmonics were clearly identified in the average Fourier spectra of the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data recorded from the occipital cortex. In the first part of the experiment, the subjects were asked to voluntary control their attention by interpreting the cube orientation as either left- or right-orientated. Accordingly, we observed the dominance of the corresponding spectral component and voluntary attention performance was measured. In the second part of the experiment, the subjects were just asked to observe the cube image without any effort in its interpretation. The alternation of the dominant spectral energies at the second harmonic tag frequencies was treated as changes in the cube orientation. Based on the results of the first experimental stage and using wavelet analysis, we developed a novel method which allowed us to identify currently perceived cube orientations. Finally, we characterized involuntary attention using the dominance time distribution and related it to voluntary attention performance and brain noise. In particular, we have shown that higher attention performance is associated with stronger brain noise.
Genetic diversity of the spinach downy mildew pathogen based on hierarchical sampling
Authors: Feng Chunda , Lamour Kurt , Dhillon Braham Deep Singh , Villarroel-Zeballos Maria Isabel , Castroagudin Vanina Lilian , Bluhm Burt H. , Shi Ainong , Rojas Alejandro , Correll James C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDowny mildew, caused by the obligate oomycete pathogenPeronospora effusa, is the most economically important disease of spinach. In the past 30 years, 14 new races and 13 strains with novel virulence have been identified. However, the mechanism(s) driving the rapid evolution of virulence remains unknown. To understand reproductive strategies potentially driving the emergence of new races inP. effusa, 67 composite isolates (a collection of symptomatic leaves from a single cultivar grown in a defined area) ofP. effusaobtained from 13 states between 2010 and 2018 were used to analyze the population genetic diversity hierarchically. Genotypes at 33 SNP loci of 719 lesions from these 67 isolates were determined by targeted sequencing. Diversity was then evaluated among individual lesions within the composite isolates, between isolates, host cultivars, geographic locations, and years of isolates collected. A total of 380 genotypes were identified from 719 individual lesions. Of the 380 genotypes, 350 (92%) were unique while the most common genotype was identified in 110 lesions of 16 isolates collected from 13 cultivars from CA and AZ in 2016. Variation within composite isolates ranged from none (a single genotype among lesions from a composite isolate) to 38 unique genotypes recovered from 39 lesions of a composite isolate. An index of association analysis suggested asexual (clonal) and sexual reproduction play important roles in population structure. Based on discriminant analysis of principal components, four distinct subpopulations were identified. Host cultivar, origin, and time of collection had an effect on population differentiation, and genotypes specific to a certain location or collection period were identified. Some subpopulations were unique to certain areas, and were only detected after 2014-2016. The co-existence of sexual and asexual reproduction strategies may partially explain the rapid emergence and spread of new races and novel strains ofP. effusa.
Impact of gestational low-protein intake on embryonic kidney microRNA expression and in the nephron progenitor cells of the male offspring fetus
Authors: de Barros Sene Letícia , Lopes-Cendes Íscia , Scarano Wellerson Rodrigo , Zapparoli Adriana , Gontijo José Antônio Rocha , Boer Patrícia Aline 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAuthors have demonstrated that gestational low-protein (LP) intake offspring showed a lower birth weight, reduced nephrons numbers and renal salt excretion, chronic renal failure, and arterial hypertension development when compared to normal (NP) protein intake group in adult life. The current study was aimed to evaluate the miRNAs and predicted gene expression patterns in the fetal kidney at 17 days of gestational (17-DG) protein-restricted male offspring (LP) in an attempt to elucidate the possible molecular pathways and disorders involved in renal cell proliferation and differentiation during kidney development. By NGS and RT-qPCR were identified, 44 differentially expressed miRNAs, which 19 miRNA were up- and 25 downregulated in LP compared to NP offspring metanephros. Among the top 10 deregulated miRNAs, the study selected 7 miRNAs which its biological targets were related to proliferation, differentiation, and cellular apoptosis processes. As could be seen below, both miRNA-Seq and TaqMan data analysis have shown a consistent change of miRNA expression in LP animals relative to control NP age-matched animals. By immunofluorescence, the LP fetus showed a significant 28% reduction of Six-2 labeled cells when compared to NP offspring associated with a reduced percentage of cell number and c-Myc metanephogenic cap and ureter bud immunostained cells in LP relative to NP offspring.Additionally, the Ki-67 labeled area in CM was 48% lesser in LP compared to NP age-matched fetus. On the other hand, in LP, the CM and UB β-catenin marked area were 154 and 85% raised, respectively. Mtor immunoreactivity was also significantly higher in LP CM (139%) and UB (104%) compared to the NP fetus. In the LP offspring, the TGFβ-1 in UBs cells staining increased (about 30%). In contrast, Zeb1 metanephros-stained, located in the CM nuclei cells, enhanced 30% in LP and Zeb2 immunofluorescence, although present in whole metanephros structures, was similar in both experimental groups. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins are modified in LP animals with 17 DGs leading to the reduction of the reciprocal induction between CM and UB, and hence the number of nephrons. These findings will facilitate new functional approaches and further studies to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms involved in the processes of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that occurs during renal development.
A Legionella effector kinase is activated by host inositol hexakisphosphate
Authors: Sreelatha Anju , Nolan Christine , Park Brenden C. , Pawłowski Krzysztof , Tomchick Diana R. , Tagliabracci Vincent S. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe transfer of a phosphate from ATP to a protein substrate, a modification known as phosphorylation, is catalyzed by protein kinases. Protein kinases play a crucial role in virtually every cellular activity. Recent studies of atypical protein kinases have highlighted the structural similarity of the kinase superfamily despite notable differences in primary amino acid sequence. We searched for putative protein kinases in the intracellular bacterial pathogen,Legionella pneumophilaand identified the Type-4 secretion system (T4SS) effector, Lpg2603 as a remote member of the protein kinase superfamily. We show that Lpg2603 is an active protein kinase with several atypical structural features. Importantly, we find that the eukaryotic-specific host signaling molecule, inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is required for Lpg2603 kinase activity. Crystal structures of Lpg2603 in the apo-form and bound to IP6 reveal active site rearrangement that allows for ATP binding and catalysis. Our results on the structure and activity of Lpg2603 reveal a unique mode of regulation of protein kinases and will aid future work into the function of this effector duringLegionellapathogenesis.
An investigation of research gaps in reported skills required for Industry 4.0 readiness of Brazilian undergraduate students
Authors: Rampasso Izabela Simon , Mello Sidney L.M. , Walker Rubens , Simão Victor G. , Araújo Robson , Chagas Juliana , Quelhas Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves , Anholon Rosley 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe objective of this study is to identify research gaps related to skills required for Industry 4.0, considering research in the context of Brazilian undergraduate courses. In this sense, the question of this study was established: What are the educational gaps related to skills required in Industry 4.0 context, considering considering research in the previously mentioned?Design/methodology/approachTo answer this question, the ten top work-related skills required for professionals in Industry 4.0 published by the World Economic Forum were used to perform a systematic literature review. From this review, 100 articles were found in the searched databases. From them, 18 were within the research scope.FindingsThrough an analysis of their content, it was possible to verify that, from the 10 skills analyzed, only six were identified in the articles. That is, no research was found for: people management, service orientation, negotiation, and cognitive flexibility. Additionally, there are undergraduate courses that are not considered in current researches and should be analyzed.Originality/valueThe gaps pointed out in this study are relevant to guide future analyzes of the Brazilian educational model and may provide insights for research in other countries.
Second law analysis of magneto-natural convection in a nanofluid filled wavy-hexagonal porous enclosure
Authors: Seyyedi Seyyed Masoud , Dogonchi A.S. , Hashemi-Tilehnoee M. , Ganji D.D. , Chamkha Ali J. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Natural convection heat transfer analysis can be completed using entropy generation analysis. This study aims to accomplish both the natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation analyses for a hexagonal cavity loaded with Cu-H2O nanoliquid subjected to an oriented magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach
Control volume-based finite element method is applied to solve the non-dimensional forms of governing equations and then, the entropy generation number is computed.

Findings
The results portray that both the average Nusselt and entropy generation numbers boost with increasing aspect ratio for each value of the undulation number, while both of them decrease with increasing the undulation number for each amplitude parameter. There is a maximum value for the entropy generation number at a specified value of Hartmann number. Also, there is a minimum value for the entropy generation number at a specified value of angle of the magnetic field. When the volume fraction of nanoparticles grows, the average Nusselt number increases and the entropy generation number declines. The entropy generation number attains to a maximum value at Ha = 14 for each value of aspect ratio. The average Nusselt number ascends 2.9 per cent and entropy generation number decreases 1.3 per cent for Ha = 0 when ϕ increases from 0 to 4 per cent.

Originality/value
A hexagonal enclosure (complex geometry), which has many industrial applications, is chosen in this study. Not only the characteristics of heat transfer are investigated but also entropy generation analysis is performed in this study. The ecological coefficient of performance for enclosures is calculated, too.
The potential for collaboration between AI and archival science in processing data from the French great national debate
Authors: Chabin Marie-Anne 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show how archival expertise and diplomatic analysis can enrich the documentary corpuses analyzed by artificial intelligence tools. Here, the demonstration is based on a freely accessible material: the data from the great national debate launched in early 2019 by the French President Macron in response to the large-scale social movement known as the “yellow vests”.

Design/methodology/approach
Step 1 consisted of understanding the methods and conclusions of the providers responsible for processing the data of the great debate (1.5 million contributors). Step 2 was to analyze the formal elements of a random set of online contributions. Then, to compare the results.

Findings
This research shows that the processing of the data is based almost exclusively on texts, to the detriment of data on the source, date and arrangement of contributions, which could nevertheless be exploited as metadata.

Research limitations/implications
The mass of data and the lack of online accessibility of part of the corpus did not make it possible to complete the experiment.

Practical implications
This research lays the foundation for other projects for collaboration between archival science and artificial intelligence tools.

Social implications
There is a social challenge involving researchers in information sciences in public debate and governmental consultations. There is also an issue for a records manager to become more involved in the production of public records by promoting their specific skills in information management.

Originality/value
The originality of this paper is to show how archival science can help to improve the quality of the documentary corpuses used by artificial intelligence tools, and therefore, to improve the performance of these tools.
Exendin‐4 exhibits a tumour suppressor effect in SKOVR‐3 and OVACR‐3 ovarian cancer cells lines by the activation of SIRT1 and inhibition of NF‐κB
Authors: Khaleel Eman F. , Badi Rehab M. , Satti Huda H. , Mostafa Dalia G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigated if EX‐527 has an anti‐tumour effect in SKOV‐3 and OVCAR‐3 ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines and if this effect involves the SIRT1/NF‐κB axis. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of EX‐527, a selective SIRT‐1 inhibitor. Exendin‐4 significantly induced cell death in both cell lines and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Also, it decreased protein levels of Bcl‐2, MMP‐9, and ICAM‐1 and increased those of Bax, cyclin D1 and cleaved caspase‐3. Mechanistically, Exendin‐4 increased the activity and nuclear accumulation of SIRT1 and decreased nuclear levels of NF‐κB p65; acetylated levels of NF‐κB p65, and cytoplasmic levels of p‐IKKα and p‐IκBα. EX‐527 partially ameliorated the effect of Exendin‐4 on cell death, migration, and invasion, as well as on the expression of Bcl‐2, MMP‐9, Bax, cleaved caspase‐3 and ICAM‐1. In addition, EX‐527 did not affect the levels of nuclear p65 and p‐p65 (Ser536); p‐IκBα (Ser32) and p‐IKKαβ. In conclusion, Exendin‐4 can suppress OC by inhibiting NF‐kB through SIRT1 dependent and independent mechanisms.
Utilisation of an online forum to engage adolescents with autism in direct participation in qualitative research
Authors: Vine Foggo Rebecca S. , Webster Amanda A. , Dixon Roselyn 
Published: February 2020

Difficulties with social communication may present challenges in gathering data from individuals with autism in research. To encourage individuals with autism to participate directly in research, methods that allow for autistic symptomology should be considered. An online forum was developed to enable adolescents with autism to share their social experiences. Ten female adolescents with autism, aged 12 to 19, engaged with the forum over 12 weeks. Questions were posted weekly and data were collected on the frequency of participant responses, quality of responses, and participants' engagement with each other. Data indicated that the frequency and quality of participants' responses were high, and participants' engagement with each other facilitated the introduction of new topics. The online forum was an effective tool for adolescents with autism to have direct participation in research. It offers promise in future studies as a practical research tool that accommodates the social communication challenges of individuals with autism.
Response rate of patients with baseline brain metastases from recently diagnosed non‐small cell lung cancer receiving radiotherapy according to EGFR, ALK and KRAS mutation status
Authors: Arrieta Oscar , Ramírez‐Tirado Laura‐Alejandra , Caballé‐Perez Enrique , Mejia‐Perez Alberto , Zatarain‐Barrón Zyanya Lucia , Cardona Andrés F. , Lozano‐Ruíz Francisco , Segura‐González Manuel , Cruz‐Rico Graciela , Maldonado Federico , Rosell Rafael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have identified that patients with EGFR mutations tend to have better responses to targeted therapy, as well as chemotherapy; however, the effect of genetic alterations in terms of radiotherapy (RT)‐related outcomes has not been fully assessed. We studied the impact of common non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) genetic alterations (EGFR, ALK and KRAS) in relation to objective response rate (ORR) to RT in patients with brain metastases.MethodsFrom 2009–2015, 153 patients with an available genotyping status were treated with whole‐brain irradiation (WBI) before receiving systemic therapy. Primary outcome was ORR; secondary outcomes included intracranial progression‐free survival (IPFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsOverall, ORR was 47.1%. ORR to RT varied significantly according to molecular status: EGFR (64.5%) ALK (54.5%) KRAS (20%) and WT (35.4%) (P = 0.001). EGFR mutation was the only independently associated factor for response to WBI (RR 3.52 [95% CI 1.6–7.7]; P = 0.002). Median IPFS was 10.8 months [95% CI 8.2–13.5] overall; however, IPFS also varied significantly according to molecular status: EGFR (18.2 months), ALK (18.4 months), KRAS (6.0 months) and WT (8.7 months) (P < 0.0001). OS for EGFR, ALK, KRAS and WT patients was 36.6, 32.2, 15.5 and 22.4 months, respectively (P = 0.014). Intracranial‐ORR (HR 0.4 [95% CI 0.2–0.6], P < 0.001) and mutation status (HR 0.7 [95% CI 0.6–0.9], P < 0.042) were independently associated with a higher OS.ConclusionsRT response varies as per tumor molecular status. The presence of EGFR mutations favors the organ‐specific response to RT, and is associated with longer OS in patients with NSCLC and BM.Key points
This study addressed for the first time the difference in radiotherapy‐related outcomes in patients with different genotypes of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before they received systemic therapy.
Results show that response to radiotherapy varies as per tumor molecular status, particularly EGFR‐mutated tumors, have a favorable response to radiotherapy, contrary to KRAS‐mutated tumors.
LSD1 contributes to programmed oocyte death by regulating the transcription of autophagy adaptor SQSTM1/p62
Authors: He Meina , Zhang Tuo , Zhu Zijian , Qin Shaogang , Wang Huarong , Zhao Lihua , Zhang Xinran , Hu Jiayi , Wen Jia , Cai Han , Xin Qiliang , Guo Qirui , Lin Lin , Zhou Bo , Zhang Hua , Xia Guoliang , Wang Chao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn female mammals, the size of the initially established primordial follicle (PF) pool within the ovaries determines the reproductive lifespan of females. Interestingly, the establishment of the PF pool is accompanied by a remarkable programmed oocyte loss for unclear reasons. Although apoptosis and autophagy are involved in the process of oocyte loss, the underlying mechanisms require substantial study. Here, we identify a new role of lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) in controlling the fate of oocytes in perinatal mice through regulating the level of autophagy. Our results show that the relatively higher level of LSD1 in fetal ovaries sharply reduces from 18.5 postcoitus (dpc). Meanwhile, the level of autophagy increases while oocytes are initiating programmed death. Specific disruption of LSD1 resulted in significantly increased autophagy and obviously decreased oocyte number compared with the control. Conversely, the oocyte number is remarkably increased by the overexpression of Lsd1 in ovaries. We further demonstrated that LSD1 exerts its role by regulating the transcription of p62 and affecting autophagy level through its H3K4me2 demethylase activity. Finally, in physiological conditions, a decrease in LSD1 level leads to an increased level of autophagy in the oocyte when a large number of oocytes are being lost. Collectively, LSD1 may be one of indispensible epigenetic molecules who protects oocytes against preterm death through repressing the autophagy level in a time‐specific manner. And epigenetic modulation contributes to programmed oocyte death by regulating autophagy in mice.
Unplanned inter‐hospital transfers following elective paediatric surgery in a private hospital
Authors: Sacks Brett , Toomey Brigid , de Winter Ashleigh , Berkowitz Robert G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundA significant number of surgeries in children are being performed in the private setting. Our aim was to determine the rate of unplanned inter‐hospital transfers (IHTs) for paediatric patients undergoing elective surgical procedures in a private hospital without a paediatric intensive care unit to a tertiary hospital, and to investigate the reasons for these transfers.MethodsA retrospective clinical audit was performed searching hospital coded data of all patients aged 18 years or less at the date of admission, who underwent elective surgery between 1 January 2013 and 31 October 2018 at St Vincent's East Melbourne Private Hospital.ResultsA total of 17 366 patients were identified, of whom 23 required IHT, with an overall transfer rate of 0.13%. Adenotonsillectomy had the highest IHT rate of 0.26%; however, operative specialty had no statistical correlation with IHT (P = 0.24) with a comparable transfer rate across all specialties. Hypoxia was the most frequent reason for IHT and was the cause in 16 out of 23 transfers (69%). Nine cases (39%) were transferred due to hypoxia while awake and seven (30%) due to hypoxia only while asleep. Three patients requiring IHT were identified as having preoperative acute respiratory illness.ConclusionElective paediatric surgery undertaken at St Vincent's East Melbourne Private Hospital is safe and has a low IHT rate, with surgery involving the upper airway having a higher risk. In the paediatric population, hypoxia while awake is the most frequent cause for IHT.