bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear kernels, dominance, and envirotyping data increase the accuracy of genome-based prediction in multi-environment trials
Authors: Costa-Neto Germano , Fritsche-Neto Roberto , Crossa José 
Published: August 2020

AbstractModern whole-genome prediction (WGP) frameworks that focus on multi-environment trials (MET) integrate large-scale genomics, phenomics, and envirotyping data. However, the more complex the statistical model, the longer the computational processing times, which do not always result in accuracy gains. We investigated the use of new kernel methods and modeling structures involving genomics and nongenomic sources of variation in two MET maize data sets. Five WGP models were considered, advancing in complexity from a main-effect additive model (A) to more complex structures, including dominance deviations (D), genotype × environment interaction (AE and DE), and the reaction-norm model using environmental covariables (W) and their interaction with A and D (AW + DW). A combination of those models built with three different kernel methods, Gaussian kernel (GK), Deep kernel (DK), and the benchmark genomic best linear-unbiased predictor (GBLUP/GB), was tested under three prediction scenarios: newly developed hybrids (CV1), sparse MET conditions (CV2), and new environments (CV0). GK and DK outperformed GB in prediction accuracy and reduction of computation time (~up to 20%) under all model–kernel scenarios. GK was more efficient in capturing the variation due to A + AE and D + DE effects and translated it into accuracy gains (~up to 85% compared with GB). DK provided more consistent predictions, even for more complex structures such as W + AW + DW. Our results suggest that DK and GK are more efficient in translating model complexity into accuracy, and more suitable for including dominance and reaction-norm effects in a biologically accurate and faster way.
Bidirectional Wnt signaling between endoderm and mesoderm confers tracheal identity in mouse and human cells
Authors: Kishimoto Keishi , Furukawa Kana T. , Luz-Madrigal Agustin , Yamaoka Akira , Matsuoka Chisa , Habu Masanobu , Alev Cantas , Zorn Aaron M. , Morimoto Mitsuru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe periodic cartilage and smooth muscle structures in mammalian trachea are derived from tracheal mesoderm, and tracheal malformations result in serious respiratory defects in neonates. Here we show that canonical Wnt signaling in mesoderm is critical to confer trachea mesenchymal identity in human and mouse. At the initiation of tracheal development, endoderm begins to expressNkx2.1, and then mesoderm expresses theTbx4gene. Loss ofβ-cateninin fetal mouse mesoderm causes loss of Tbx4+tracheal mesoderm and tracheal cartilage agenesis. The mesenchymalTbx4expression relies on endodermal Wnt activation and Wnt ligand secretion but is independent of knownNkx2.1-mediated respiratory development, suggesting that bidirectional Wnt signaling between endoderm and mesoderm promotes trachea development. Activating Wnt, Bmp signaling in mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) generates tracheal mesoderm containing chondrocytes and smooth muscle cells. For human ESC-derived LPM, SHH activation is required along with WNT to generate proper tracheal mesoderm. Together, these findings may contribute to developing applications for human tracheal tissue repair.
Lung-derived HMGB1 is detrimental for vascular remodeling of metabolically imbalanced arterial macrophages
Authors: Boytard Ludovic , Hadi Tarik , Silvestro Michele , Qu Hengdong , Kumpfbeck Andrew , Sleiman Rayan , Fils Kissinger Hyppolite , Alebrahim Dornazsadat , Boccalatte Francesco , Kugler Matthias , Corsica Annanina , Gelb Bruce E. , Jacobowitz Glenn , Miller George , Bellini Chiara , Oakes Jessica , Silvestre Jean-Sébastien , Zangi Lior , Ramkhelawon Bhama 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPulmonary disease increases the risk of developing abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). However, the mechanism underlying the pathological dialogue between the lungs and aorta is undefined. Here, we find that inflicting acute lung injury (ALI) to mice doubles their incidence of AAA and accelerates macrophage-driven proteolytic damage of the aortic wall. ALI-induced HMGB1 leaks and is captured by arterial macrophages thereby altering their mitochondrial metabolism through RIPK3. RIPK3 promotes mitochondrial fission leading to elevated oxidative stress via DRP1. This triggers MMP12 to lyse arterial matrix, thereby stimulating AAA. Administration of recombinant HMGB1 to WT, but not Ripk3−/− mice, recapitulates ALI-induced proteolytic collapse of arterial architecture. Deletion of RIPK3 in myeloid cells, DRP1 or MMP12 suppression in ALI-inflicted mice repress arterial stress and brake MMP12 release by transmural macrophages thereby maintaining a strengthened arterial framework refractory to AAA. Our results establish an inter-organ circuitry that alerts arterial macrophages to regulate vascular remodeling.
Charge and exciton dynamics of OLEDs under high voltage nanosecond pulse: towards injection lasing
Authors: Ahmad Viqar , Sobus Jan , Greenberg Mitchell , Shukla Atul , Philippa Bronson , Pivrikas Almantas , Vamvounis George , White Ronald , Lo Shih-Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrical pumping of organic semiconductor devices involves charge injection, transport, device on/off dynamics, exciton formation and annihilation processes. A comprehensive model analysing those entwined processes together is most helpful in determining the dominating loss pathways. In this paper, we report experimental and theoretical results of Super Yellow (Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) co-polymer) organic light emitting diodes operating at high current density under high voltage nanosecond pulses. We demonstrate complete exciton and charge carrier dynamics of devices, starting from charge injection to light emission, in a time scale spanning from the sub-ns to microsecond region, and compare results with optical pumping. The experimental data is accurately replicated by simulation, which provides a robust test platform for any organic materials. The universality of our model is successfully demonstrated by its application to three other laser active materials. The findings provide a tool to narrow the search for material and device designs for injection lasing.
Isobutanol production freed from biological limits using synthetic biochemistry
Authors: Sherkhanov Saken , Korman Tyler P. , Chan Sum , Faham Salem , Liu Hongjiang , Sawaya Michael R. , Hsu Wan-Ting , Vikram Ellee , Cheng Tiffany , Bowie James U. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCost competitive conversion of biomass-derived sugars into biofuel will require high yields, high volumetric productivities and high titers. Suitable production parameters are hard to achieve in cell-based systems because of the need to maintain life processes. As a result, next-generation biofuel production in engineered microbes has yet to match the stringent cost targets set by petroleum fuels. Removing the constraints imposed by having to maintain cell viability might facilitate improved production metrics. Here, we report a cell-free system in a bioreactor with continuous product removal that produces isobutanol from glucose at a maximum productivity of 4 g L−1 h−1, a titer of 275 g L−1 and 95% yield over the course of nearly 5 days. These production metrics exceed even the highly developed ethanol fermentation process. Our results suggest that moving beyond cells has the potential to expand what is possible for bio-based chemical production.
Glass alteration in atmospheric conditions: crossing perspectives from cultural heritage, glass industry, and nuclear waste management
Authors: Majérus Odile , Lehuédé Patrice , Biron Isabelle , Alloteau Fanny , Narayanasamy Sathya , Caurant Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile glass alteration in liquid water has been widely studied for decades, glass alteration in unsaturated atmosphere (relative humidity, RH < 100%) has been far less examined. However, the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the reactions between glass and water in vapor state is fundamental to several fields such as glass industry, conservation of glasses of the cultural heritage and long-term assessment of nuclear waste glasses. This paper outlines the issues raised by the atmospheric alteration of glass in these fields and attempts to summarize the scientific approaches and findings of the three communities. This short review reveals that atmospheric alteration should not be confused with liquid alteration at high S/V (S = exposed surface of glass and V = volume of solution), because the kinetics and the nature of the alteration products are distinct. Notably, alkalies and non-bridging oxygens may be significantly retained in glass hydrated in unsaturated atmosphere, depending on the glass composition. Future lines of research are drawn to progress in the understanding of the specificities of atmospheric glass alteration.
Accurate Lindblad-form master equation for weakly damped quantum systems across all regimes
Authors: McCauley Gavin , Cruikshank Benjamin , Bondar Denys I. , Jacobs Kurt 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRealistic models of quantum systems must include dissipative interactions with a thermal environment. For weakly-damped systems, while the Lindblad-form Markovian master equation is invaluable for this task, it applies only when the frequencies of any subset of the system’s transitions are degenerate, or their differences are much greater than the transitions’ linewidths. Outside of these regimes the only available efficient description has been the Bloch–Redfield master equation, the efficacy of which has long been controversial due to its failure to guarantee the positivity of the density matrix. The ability to efficiently simulate weakly-damped systems across all regimes is becoming increasingly important, especially in quantum technologies. Here we solve this long-standing problem by deriving a Lindblad-form master equation for weakly-damped systems that is accurate for all regimes. We further show that when this master equation breaks down, so do all time-independent Markovian equations, including the B-R equation. We thus obtain a replacement for the B-R equation for thermal damping that is no less accurate, simpler in structure, completely positive, allows simulation by efficient quantum trajectory methods, and unifies the previous Lindblad master equations. We also show via exact simulations that the new master equation can describe systems in which slowly-varying transition frequencies cross each other during the evolution. System identification tools, developed in systems engineering, play an important role in our analysis. We expect these tools to prove useful in other areas of physics involving complex systems.
Evidence of torpor in the tusks of Lystrosaurus from the Early Triassic of Antarctica
Authors: Whitney Megan R. , Sidor Christian A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAntarctica has hosted a wide range of ecosystems over the past 500-million years. Early in the Mesozoic, the Antarctic portion of southern Pangaea had a more habitable climate, but its position within the polar circle imposed extreme photoperiod seasonality on its resident flora and fauna. It remains unclear to what degree physiological adaptations underpinned the ability of tetrapods to establish the terrestrial communities captured in the fossil record. Here we use regular and stressful growth marks preserved in the dentine of ever-growing tusks of the Early Triassic mammalian predecessor, Lystrosaurus, to test for adaptations specific to this polar inhabitant. We find evidence of prolonged stress indicative of torpor when compared to tusk samples from non-polar populations of Lystrosaurus. These preliminary findings are to our knowledge the oldest instance of torpor yet reported in the fossil record and demonstrate unexpected physiological flexibility in Lystrosaurus that may have contributed its survivorship through the Permo-Triassic mass extinction.
Spondylodiszitis
Authors: Pingel Andreas 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Spondylodiszitis bezeichnet eine Infektion der Wirbelsäule, welche zuerst die Wirbelabschlussplatten betrifft („Spondylitis“) und sekundär auf die benachbarte Bandscheibe übergreift 1. Die Spondylodiszitis ist eine potenziell lebensbedrohliche systemische Erkrankung, die einer raschen und nicht selten chirurgischen Behandlung bedarf. Die große Mehrheit der Spondylodiszitiden heilt jedoch unter konservativer Therapie aus.
Reconstruction of the Coracoacromial Ligament during a Modified Latarjet Procedure for the Treatment of Shoulder Instability: Clinical Outcome at Minimum 5 Years Follow-Up
Authors: Aurich Matthias , Hofmann Gunther O. , Best Norman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective The function of the coracoacromial ligament (CAL) in superior shoulder stability has been well established, and the release of the CAL with the Latarjet procedure leads to increased superior humeral translation. A surgical technique was developed recently to reconstruct the CAL during a modified Latarjet procedure, and the clinical outcome of this technique at medium-term follow-up is yet to be determined.
Methods Twenty-six patients with chronic post-traumatic anterior shoulder instability were included in this retrospective case-control study. Patients in group 1 (n = 12) were surgically treated with the classic congruent-arc Latarjet, where the CAL is sacrificed. In group 2 (n = 14), the CAL was reconstructed using a pectoralis minor fascia flap (PMFF). Primary outcomes were the return to sports activity and functional assessment based on the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and the Constant Score (CS) at minimum 5 years follow-up. Patientʼs demographics, sport activities, duration of surgery, the rate of recurrent dislocations, and specific complications related to the surgical technique were recorded as secondary variables.
Results There was a decrease of the WOSI in both groups, indicating a decrease of symptoms at follow-up compared to the preoperative level. There was no statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 for the total WOSI as well as for all subscales. There was an increase of the CS in both groups in all four items at follow-up compared to preoperatively, indicating an increase in shoulder function at follow-up. There was a statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 for the total CS, as well as for the items power, mobility, and activity, but not for pain. Most patients (n = 20) returned to their preoperative sports activity, 13 at the same level. However, seven patients who used to perform their sports competitively chose to perform their activity at a noncompetitive level after the Latarjet procedure. All were younger than 35 years of age. Six patients did not return to their preoperative sports activity. All except one were over 35
years of age. The duration of surgery ranged from 75 to 125 minutes with a mean ± SD of 94.23 ± 15.06 minutes for both groups with no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.117). None of the patients had intra- or postoperative complications related to the surgical procedure. Especially, no patient had recurrent dislocations of the affected shoulder following the Latarjet procedure.
Conclusion The use of a PMFF is a safe technique for reconstruction of the CAL, which does not result in a longer surgery time or higher rate of complications. The reconstruction of the CAL during the modified Latarjet procedure may lead to better functional results in medium-term follow-up.
The Story of Post-exposure Rabies Prophylaxis at the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Celep Gökce 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to determine the epidemiological and medical features of suspected rabies exposures at a pediatric emergency department in a small city center in middle-northern Turkey.
Methods Data were abstracted from a standard “Rabies Suspected Animal Contact Cases Examination Form.” The following information was recorded: sociodemographic and clinical features of the victim, history of rabies vaccination, date of event, time to hospital administration, animal species and its vaccination history with owner records, type of suspected contact, wound care, tetanus prophylaxis, rabies vaccination, and forensic notifications. Immunoprophylaxis was determined as “appropriate” or “inappropriate” in accordance with the Rabies Field Guideline (2014).
Discussion A total of 306 cases were evaluated at the emergency department of the hospital. The age of the victims ranged between 1.5 and 17 years old, and 61.4% of them were males. Cat scratches were the most common source of suspected rabies exposure. Meanwhile, primary wound care and tetanus immunoprophylaxis were the frequent inappropriate medical applications. Rabies prophylaxis was completed in 76.5% of the cases. However, forensic notifications were missing. In addition, the rate of animal immunization was lower than it should be.
Conclusion Our city is rabies free; however, risky exposures are frequent among children. Lack of knowledge about first aid and animal vaccination is revealed to be a major public health problem. Health care workers should follow current guidelines to provide a holistic approach to the treatment of potential rabies exposures.
Long-Term Surveillance and Life-Time Care for Pediatric Patients Suffering from Hydrocephalus
Authors: Krause Matthias , Merkenschlager Andreas , Mahr Cynthia Vanessa , Bernhard Matthias K. , Kasper Ekkehard M. , Weißer Margit , Wachowiak Robin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEven though shunt surgery has been an established and widely accepted treatment for congenital hydrocephalus for five decades, long-term follow-up and functional outcome data are scarce. Based on our experience, we advocate a very rigid follow-up regimen throughout life for every hydrocephalus patient encountered with individual screening intervals not longer than 1 year in childhood and adolescence and surveillance intervals of 2 years in adulthood. A continuous treatment of the patients at the primary institution that performed hydrocephalus surgery provides an optimal setting to be prepared for the detection of adverse events of shunt malfunctioning. However, some patients may still encounter catastrophic events resulting in persistent deficits or death.
Focal Ballismus (Right Arm) in a Boy with Wilson's Disease
Authors: Koul Roshan , Vijay Priti , Khanna Rajeev , Alam Seema 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBallismus is defined as rapid, forceful, shaking or throwing involuntary movement of the extremities, mainly proximal parts. When it affects half of the body (upper and lower limbs on one side), it is called hemiballismus. If it affects one limb, it could be labeled as focal or one limb ballismus. Any lesion (vascular, trauma, tumor, deposition, and demyelination) in the subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia results in ballismus. A rare entity such as copper deposition in Wilson's disease can manifest as ballismus. In this case report, we described a boy with Wilson's disease with focal ballismus of the right arm.
A Truncating Variant of CHRNG as a Cause of Escobar Syndrome: A Multiple Pterygium Syndrome Subtype
Authors: Sandweiss Alexander J. , Patel Shalinkumar , Bader Mohammad Y. , Kylat Ranjit I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEscobar syndrome is a milder variant of multiple pterygium syndrome characterized by pterygia, scoliosis, and multiple congenital contractures. It is most frequently due to a genetic variant in CHRNG, which encodes the γ-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Though the subunit is considered a “fetal” form and transitions to the “adult” ε-subunit by 33 weeks' gestation, the pathogenic musculoskeletal effects during fetal development render children with this condition permanently affected. We report a neonate with homozygous CHRNG c.117dupC and discuss some of the downstream clinical effects we observed with this variant.
Dorsal Dislocation of the Trapezoid with Metacarpal Instability: A Boxing Injury
Authors: Feder Oren I. , Letzelter Joseph P. , Hacquebord Jacques H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The second and third metacarpals are firmly attached, immobile structures which for the stable pillar of the hand. The trapezoid has been described as the keystone of the wrist, allowing a wide range of functional motion as well as inherent anatomic and biomechanical stability to the carpus.
Case Description We describe a novel boxing injury with a 180-degree in situ dislocation of the right trapezoid with concomitant second and third carpometacarpal (CMC) joint dislocations. Open anatomic reduction of the trapezoid was obtained, and subsequent percutaneous pinning of the metacarpals allowed for a full functional recovery and return to sports at 6 months.
Literature Review Combined trapezoid and CMC dislocations are extremely rare and have only been previously described in high-energy mechanism injuries, involving a direct dorsal force such as from the steering wheel in a motor vehicle collision. There are no previous reports of this injury occurring in the setting of direct axial load along the metacarpals in a clenched fist such as in a punch or fighting injury.
Clinical Relevance The rare nature of this combined injury, its novel mechanism, and the difficulty in interpreting acute injury and postreduction radiographs require that the treating physician have a high degree of clinical suspicion for associated injuries when CMC dislocations are identified. Treatment strategies incorporating intraoperative fluoroscopy, open anatomic reduction of the trapezoid under direct visualization along with closed reduction, and pinning of the metacarpals reestablish carpal stability and provide excellent long-term results.
The Role of Visceral Transplantation for Neoplastic Disease
Authors: Fujiki Masato , Nair Amit , D'amico Giuseppe , Osman Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVisceral transplantation has been utilized as the most radical surgical treatment for neoplasms not amenable to conventional resection. The main indications for this procedure include mesenteric desmoid tumors threatening the root of mesentery and metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Published case-series of visceral transplantation for such indications are reviewed in this article. Patients with desmoid tumors associated with familial adenomatous polyposis are transplanted with intestinal or multivisceral allografts. With surgical modification of technique, the native spleen is preserved while duodenopancreatic complex is removed to obviate the risk of malignant transformation of duodenal polyposis after transplantation. Preservation of spleen decreased incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, conferring therapeutic advantage. Patient survival is comparable to that of other indications, and desmoid tumor recurrence has been observed in the recipient tissue but not in the donor allograft. For visceral transplantation of metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, the majority of these patients have diffuse liver involvement, thus requiring full multivisceral transplantation. Post-transplant patient survival is acceptable with limited data available on recurrence. Autotransplantation following ex vivo tumor resection using visceral allografts has been also performed in a limited, select cohort of patients with various pathologies. Adenocarcinomas are associated with a prohibitive recurrence rate following the procedure, and its use for this indication is therefore not recommended. A national database of visceral transplantation undertaken for neoplastic disease should be developed to better understand predictors of outcomes and to help produce and standardize selection criteria.