bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmet needs of women with GDM: a health needs assessment in Sandwell, West Midlands
Authors: Plant Nicola , Šumilo Dana , Chapman Rachel , Webber Jonathan , Saravanan Ponnusamy , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects over 4% of pregnancies in England. We investigated GDM epidemiology within ethnically diverse population and the current offer of services to women with previous GDM to reduce their type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk.Methods(i) Analysis of routinely collected maternity data examining GDM incidence and risk factors; (ii) local authority self-assessment questionnaire on public health interventions targeting women with previous GDM and (iii) service development discussions regarding the current pathway and areas for improvement.ResultsOf 9390 births between 2014 and 2018, 6.8% had a record of GDM. High body mass index (BMI), maternal age, and ethnicity (South Asian and some mixed ethnic backgrounds) were independent predictors of GDM. There were no public health commissioned services specifically targeting women with previous GDM. Weaknesses in transition from secondary to primary care and areas for improvement when screening for GDM were identified.ConclusionsGDM burden in this population was high. Awareness should be raised on the importance of regular glucose testing and lifestyle modification to delay or prevent progression to T2DM, particularly within high risk groups. The potential for health visitors to contribute to this should be explored. Commissioners should review evidence to develop a flexible lifestyle services model to meet the specific needs of these women.
Work productivity loss among rheumatoid arthritis patients in India: a qualitative study
Authors: Jain Avinash , Aggarwal Amita , Adams Jo , Jordan Rachel E , Sadhra Steven , Dubey Shirish , Allen Kerry , Kumar Kanta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
The aim was to explore the extent to which RA impacts work productivity in patients living with RA in India.

Methods
Face-to-face semi-structured interviews took place with 13 male and seven female patients attending outpatient clinics at Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, India, living with RA. Patients who were currently working were recruited. Data were audio recorded, transcribed by an independent translation company and analysed using the framework method of thematic analysis.

Results
Four themes that explained patients’ experiences of coping with work whilst having RA were identified. These were as follows: balancing act of work and RA, in which participants expressed their day-to-day struggle of living with RA and coping at work; workplace adaptation after RA, in which participants shared insights into communicating with employers and their efforts to adapt at the workplace; support from others and information to manage RA and work, in which participants considered seeking support from different sources that would help them cope at work and understand RA; and wanting a better support mechanism, in which participants made recommendations that could help them to cope at work.

Conclusion
This is the first study to explore the impact of RA on patients’ work productivity in India. Patients might have different support needs compared with previous studies in other countries. Patients seem to be adopting additional coping strategies not addressed by current interventions or country systems, which might not be sufficient to support patients in remaining employed. Patients made future recommendations.
How to protect the taxpayer against abuse in the use of exchanges of information by the French tax authorities?
Authors: Naudin Maryse 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The contemporary global financial environment legitimates transparency of information worldwide. The question of this legitimacy is no longer a matter for debate, and it is now necessary to focus on finding ways to protect taxpayers against the misuse of information collected. The tax aspects are far from being the most important, as information can also be used against fundamental principles. In order to face the risks of the inappropriate use of exchange of information, the taxpayer’s advisors in all States should cooperate and unify their force and determination to improve the protection of the right of a defense.
Family-based treatment for children and adolescents with eating disorders: a mixed-methods evaluation of a blended evidence-based implementation approach
Authors: Couturier Jennifer , Kimber Melissa , Barwick Melanie , Woodford Tracy , Mcvey Gail , Findlay Sheri , Webb Cheryl , Niccols Alison , Lock James 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated a blended implementation approach with teams learning to provide family-based treatment (FBT) to adolescents with eating disorders.Four sites participated in a sequential mixed method pre–post study to evaluate the implementation of FBT in their clinical settings. The implementation approach included: (a) preparatory site visits; (b) the establishment of implementation teams; (c) a training workshop; (d) monthly clinical consultation; (e) monthly implementation consultation; and (f) fidelity assessment. Quantitative measures examining attitudes toward evidence-based practice, organizational learning environment and organizational readiness for change, as well as, individual readiness for change were delivered pre- and postimplementation. Correlational analyses were used to examine associations between baseline variables and therapist fidelity to FBT. Fundamental qualitative description guided the sampling and data collection for the qualitative interviews performed at the conclusion of the study. Seventeen individuals participated in this study (nine therapists, four medical practitioners, and four administrators). The predetermined threshold of implementation success of 80% fidelity in every FBT session was achieved by only one therapist. However, mean fidelity scores were similar to those reported in other studies. Participant attitudes, readiness, and self-efficacy were not associated with fidelity and did not change significantly from pre- to postimplementation. In qualitative interviews, all participants reported that the implementation intervention was helpful in adopting FBT. Our blended implementation approach was well received by participants. A larger trial is needed to determine which implementation factors predict FBT fidelity and impact patient outcomes.
Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome activation through inhibition of its assembly
Authors: Shi Yuhua , Wang Huanan , Zheng Mengjie , Xu Wei , Yang Yang , Shi Fushan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGinsenoside Rg3 is one of the main constituents of Panax ginseng. Compelling evidence has demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 is capable of inhibiting inflammation. However, the mechanism mediating its anti‐inflammatory effects remain unclear. Here we show that ginsenoside Rg3 blocks IL‐1β secretion and caspase‐1 activation through inhibiting LPS priming and the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human and mouse macrophages. Rg3 specifically inhibits activation of NLRP3 but not the NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasomes. In addition, Rg3 has no effect on upstream regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, such as K+ efflux, ROS production, or mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, Rg3 abrogates NEK7‐NLRP3 interaction, and subsequently inhibits NLRP3‐ASC interaction, ASC oligomerization, and speckle formation. More importantly, Rg3 can reduce IL‐1β secretion induced by LPS in mice and protect mice from lethal endotoxic shock. Thus, our findings reveal an anti‐inflammatory mechanism for Rg3 and suggest its potential use in NLRP3‐driven diseases.
Sexual conflict mediated by ecological sex differences can generate diverse patterns of transgenerational plasticity
Authors: Burke Nathan William , Nakagawa Shinichi , Bonduriansky Russell 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTTransgenerational plasticity (TGP) occurs when the environment experienced by parents induces changes in traits of offspring and/or subsequent generations. Such effects can be adaptive or non-adaptive and are increasingly recognised as key determinants of health, cognition, development and performance across a wide range of taxa, including humans. While the conditions that favour maternal TGP are well understood, rapidly accumulating evidence indicates that TGP can be maternal or paternal, and offspring responses can be sex-specific. However, the evolutionary mechanisms that drive this diversity are unknown. We used an individual-based model to investigate the evolution of TGP when the sexes experience different ecologies. We find that adaptive TGP rarely evolves when alleles at loci that determine offspring responses to environmental information originating from the mother and father are subject to sexually antagonistic selection. By contrast, duplication and sex-limitation of such loci can allow for the evolution of a variety of sex-specific responses, including non-adaptive sex-specific TGP when sexual selection is strong. Sexual conflict could therefore help to explain why adaptive TGP evolves in some species but not others, why sons and daughters respond to parental signals in different ways, and why complex patterns of sex-specific TGP may often be non-adaptive.
Novel methodology for assessing total recovery time in response to unexpected perturbations while walking
Authors: Rosenblum Uri , Kribus-Shmiel Lotem , Zeilig Gabi , Bahat Yotam , Kimel-Naor Shani , Melzer Itshak , Plotnik Meir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWalking stability is achieved by adjusting the medio-lateral and anterior-posterior dimensions of the base of support (step length and step width, respectively) to contain an extrapolated center of mass. We aimed to calculate total recovery time after different types of perturbations during walking, and use it to compare young and older adults following different types of perturbations. Walking trials were performed in 12 young (age 26.92 ± 3.40 years) and 12 older (age 66.83 ± 1.60 years) adults. Perturbations were introduced at different phases of the gait cycle, on both legs and in anterior-posterior or medio-lateral directions, in random order. A novel algorithm was developed to determine total recovery time values for regaining stable step length and step width parameters following the different perturbations and compared between the two participant groups under low and high cognitive load conditions, using principal component analysis (PCA). We analyzed 829 perturbations each for step length and step width. The algorithm successfully estimated total recovery time in 91.07% of the runs. PCA and statistical comparisons showed significant differences in step length and step width recovery times between anterior-posterior and medio-lateral perturbations, but no age-related differences. Initial analyses demonstrated the feasibility of comparisons based on total recovery time calculated using our algorithm.
The neuroanatomical ultrastructure and function of a biological ring attractor
Authors: Turner-Evans Daniel B. , Jensen Kristopher T. , Ali Saba , Paterson Tyler , Sheridan Arlo , Ray Robert P. , Wolff Tanya , Lauritzen Scott , Rubin Gerald M. , Bock Davi , Jayaraman Vivek 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTNeural representations of head direction have been discovered in many species. A large body of theoretical work has proposed that the dynamics associated with these representations is generated, maintained, and updated by recurrent network structures called ring attractors. We performed electron microscopy-based circuit reconstruction and RNA profiling of identified cell types in the heading direction system ofDrosophila melanogasterto directly determine the underlying neural network. We identified network motifs that have been hypothesized to maintain the heading representation in darkness, update it when the animal turns, and tether it to visual cues. Functional studies provided additional support for the proposed roles of individual circuit elements. We also discovered recurrent connections between neuronal arbors with mixed pre- and post-synaptic specializations. Overall, our results confirm that theDrosophilaheading direction network contains the core components of a ring attractor while also revealing unpredicted structural features that might enhance the network’s computational power.
Cortico-thalamic dysconnectivity links with aberrant striatal dopamine in schizophreniaA simultaneous18F-DOPA-PET/resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Avram Mihai , Brandl Felix , Knolle Franziska , Cabello Jorge , Leucht Claudia , Scherr Martin , Mustafa Mona , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Leucht Stefan , Ziegler Sibylle , Sorg Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn schizophrenia, among the most consistent brain changes are both aberrant dopamine function in the dorsal striatum and aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) between distinct cortical networks and thalamic nuclei; however, it is unknown whether these changes are pathophysiologically related. Such a relationship is expected because cortico-thalamic-connectivity is modulated by striatal dopamine within topographically distinct, parallel but interacting cortico-basal-ganglia-thalamic circuits. We hypothesized: (1) Within-circuits, aberrant striatal dopamine contributes to aberrant cortico-thalamic-iFC, specifically, associative-striatum dopamine contributes to salience-network-thalamic-iFC, and sensorimotor-striatum dopamine to auditory-sensorimotor-network-thalamic-iFC. (2) Due to between-circuits interactions following an anterior-to-posterior gradient, salience-network-centered-system changes contribute to auditory-sensorimotor-network-centered-system changes. To test these hypotheses, 19 patients with schizophrenia during symptomatic remission of positive symptoms and 19 age- and sex-comparable controls underwent simultaneous fluorodihydroxyphenyl-L-alanine positron emission tomography (18F-DOPA-PET) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The influx constant kicerbased on18F-DOPA-PET was used to measure dopamine synthesis capacity (DSC), indicating striatal dopamine function; correlation coefficients between rs-fMRI time-series of cortical networks and thalamic regions-of-interest were used to measure iFC. In the salience-network(SAL)-centered-system, patients had reduced associative-striatum-DSC, which correlated positively with SAL-mediodorsal-thalamus-iFC and mediated the reduction of SAL-thalamic-iFC in patients. In the auditory-sensorimotor-network(ASM)-centered-system, patients had reduced sensorimotor-striatum-DSC, which correlated positively with ASM-ventrolateral-thalamus-iFC, but did not mediate increased ASM-thalamic-iFC in patients. Finally, aberrant DSC and iFC of the SAL-centered-system mediated corresponding changes in the ASM-centered-system. Results demonstrate that cortico-thalamic-dysconnectivity links with aberrant striatal dopamine in schizophrenia - in a topographically distinct way, with an anterior-to-posterior gradient, and primary changes in the SAL-centered system.
Co-designed land-use scenarios and their implications for storm runoff and streamflow in New England
Authors: Guswa Andrew J. , Hall Brian , Cheng Chingwen , Thompson Jonathan R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFuture changes in both landscape and climate have the potential to create or exacerbate problems with stormwater management, high flows, and flooding. In New England, four plausible land-use scenarios were co-developed with stakeholders to give insight to the effects on ecosystem services of different trajectories of socio-economic connectedness and natural resource innovation. To assess the effects of these land-use scenarios on water-related ecosystem services, we applied the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to two watersheds under two climates. Differences in land use had minimal effects on the overall water balance but did affect high flows and the relative contribution of storm runoff to streamflow. For most of the scenarios, the effect was small and less than the effect due to climate change. For one scenario – envisioned to have global socio-economic connectedness and low levels of natural-resource innovation – the effects of land-use changes were comparable to the effects due to climate. For that scenario, changes to the landscape increased the annual maximum daily flow by 10%, similar to the 5-15% increase attributable to climate change. These results, which were consistent across both watersheds, can help inform planning and policies regarding land use, development, and maintenance of hydrologic ecosystem services.Research highlightsStakeholder-engaged scenarios provide meaningful and plausible futures for the New England landscape and assessment of effects of land-use change on storm runoff and streamflowEffects of land use on the overall water balance are small across the landscape scenariosFuture land-use change has the potential to affect storm runoff and high flows to a degree that is comparable to the effects due to changes in climate in 2060The degree of natural resource innovation affects storm runoff and high flows when population growth is large and has a negligible effect when population growth is low
BET inhibition disrupts transcription but retains enhancer-promoter contact
Authors: Crump Nicholas T. , Ballabio Erica , Godfrey Laura , Thorne Ross , Repapi Emmanouela , Kerry Jon , Tapia Marta , Hua Peng , Filippakopoulos Panagis , Davies James O. J. , Milne Thomas A. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn higher eukaryotes, enhancers are DNA sequences that enable complex temporal and tissue-specific regulation of genes. Although it is not entirely clear how enhancer-promoter interactions can increase gene expression, this proximity has been observed in multiple systems at multiple loci and is thought to be essential for the maintenance of gene expression. The formation of phase condensates is thought to be an essential component of enhancer function. Here, we show that pharmacological targeting of cells with inhibitors of BET (Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal domain) proteins can have a strong impact on transcription but very little impact on enhancer-promoter interactions. Treatment with 1,6-hexanediol, which dissolves phase condensate structures and reduces BET and Mediator protein binding at enhancers, can also have a strong effect on gene transcription, without disrupting enhancer-promoter interactions. These results suggest that activation of transcription and maintenance of enhancer-promoter interactions are separable events. Our findings further suggest that enhancer-promoter interactions are not dependent on high levels of BRD4 (Bromodomain-containing protein 4) and Mediator, and are likely maintained by a complex set of factors including additional activator complexes and loop extrusion by CTCF/cohesin.
Effect of antenatal tetramethylpyrazine on lung development and YAP expression in a rat model of experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Liao Junzuo , Liu Wenying , Zhang Libin , Li Qin , Hou Fang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is a chemical compound found in extracts derived from the Chinese medicinal plant. Due to its remarkable therapeutic effects, availability, and low cost and toxicity, TMP has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases and pulmonary hypertension in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism of TMP on lung development using a rat model of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control, CDH, and CDH+TMP. Nitrofen was used to induce CDH. In the CDH and CDH+TMP, Fetuses only with left diaphragmatic hernias were chosen for analysis. Lung and body weight were recorded and lung histologic evaluations, image analysis, and western blot analysis of YAP, p-YAP and LATS1 were performed after lung processing. A marked abnormal structure was observed, as evidenced by pulmonary hypoplasia and vascular remodeling, in the CDH. These abnormalities were improved in the CDH+TMP. There were significant differences between the CDH and CDH+TMP in percentage of medial wall thickness, arteriole muscularization, radial alveolar counts, AA%, and alveolar septal thickness. YAP expression was markedly increased in the CDH compared to the control, which was not affected by antenatal TMP administration. However, prenatal TMP intervention significantly increased expression of LATS1 and phosphorylation of YAP in the CDH fetuses. Our results demonstrate thatantenatal TMP administration improved vascular remodeling and promoted lung development in a rat model of CDH, potentially through increasing expression of LATS1 and phosphorylation of YAP.
Gliotoxin, identified from a screen of fungal metabolites, disrupts 7SK snRNP, releases P-TEFb and reverses HIV-1 latency
Authors: Stoszko Mateusz , Al-Hatmi Abdullah M.S. , Skriba Anton , Roling Michael , Ne Enrico , Mueller Yvonne M. , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad , Crespo Raquel , Kang Joyce , Ptackova Renata , Biswas Pritha , Bertoldi Alessia , Kan Tsung Wai , de Crignis Elisa , Palstra Robert-Jan , Sulc Miroslav , Lebbink Joyce H.G. , Rokx Casper , Verbon Annelies , van Ijcken Wilfred , Katsikis Peter D. , Havlicek Vladimir , de Hoog Sybren , Mahmoudi Tokameh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA leading pharmacological strategy towards HIV cure requires “shock” or activation of HIV gene expression in latently infected cells with Latency Reversal Agents (LRAs) followed by their subsequent clearance. In a screen for novel LRAs we used fungal secondary metabolites (extrolites) as a source of bio-active molecules. Using orthogonal mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to latency reversal bioassays, we identified gliotoxin (GTX) as a novel LRA. GTX significantly induced HIV-1 gene expression in latent ex vivo infected primary cells and in CD4+ T cells from all aviremic HIV-1+ participants. RNA sequencing identified 7SK RNA, the scaffold of the P-TEFb inhibitory 7SK snRNP complex to be significantly reduced upon GTX treatment of independent donor CD4+T cells. GTX disrupted 7SK snRNP, releasing active P-TEFb, which then phosphorylated RNA Pol II CTD, inducing HIV transcription. Our data highlight the power of combining a medium throughput bioassay, mycology and orthogonal mass spectrometry to identify novel potentially therapeutic compounds.
Spatial organization of cortical actin alignments for the ooplasmic segregation of ascidianCionaeggs
Authors: Ishii Hirokazu , Tani Tomomi 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTSpatial reorganization of cytoplasm in zygotic cells is critically important for establishing the body plans of many animal species. In ascidian zygotes, maternal determinants (mRNAs) are first transported to the vegetal pole a few minutes after the fertilization, and then to the future posterior side of the zygotes in later phase of the cytoplasmic reorganization, before the first cell division. Here, by using a novel fluorescence polarization microscope that reports the position and the orientation of fluorescently labeled proteins in living cells, we mapped the local alignments and the time-dependent changes of cortical actin networks inCionaeggs. The initial cytoplasmic reorganization started with the contraction of vegetal hemisphere ∼20s after the fertilization induced [Ca2+] increase. Timing of the vegetal contraction was consistent with the emergence of highly aligned actin filaments at the cell cortex of vegetal hemisphere which ran perpendicular to the animal-vegetal axis. We propose that the first ooplasmic segregation is initiated by the local contraction of laterally aligned cortical actomyosin in the vegetal hemisphere, which in turn generates the convectional flow of cytoplasm within whole eggs.SUMMARY STATEMENTLocally distinct, transient emergence of cortical F-actin alignments were observed in live ascidianCionaeggs during the first ooplasmic segregation by using fluorescence polarization microscopy.