bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Choral Singing in Speaking Voice Preservation of Aging Adults
Authors: Stager Sheila V. , Sparks Andrew D. , Bielamowicz Steven A. , Edgar Julia D. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This descriptive cohort pilot study, using a convenience sample, examined whether evidence from vocal function measures, auditory–perceptual ratings, and/or endoscopic signs of aging supported singing in senior chorales as a possible intervention to preserve the speaking voice in aging adults.

Method
Thirteen singers and five nonsinging controls, all over 65 years of age, participated. They were assessed at two visits, 15–20 months apart. Vocal function measures and auditory–perceptual ratings of estimated age and the presence of voice disorders were compared across singing status and visit. Changes in the presence and degree of laryngeal signs of aging between visits were compared across singing status.

Results

Using an alpha of .2, deemed acceptable for pilot studies, vocal function measures supported choral singing as an intervention to preserve the speaking voice as less noise energy between 2 and 3 kHz (
p
= .01) and lower phonation threshold pressures (PTPs) were present (
p
= .09) for singers compared to nonsinging controls. Greater flows at comfortable pitch (
p
= .04) and high pitch (
p
= .06) as well as lower cepstral peak prominence smoothed (CPPS) for the vowel /a/ (
p
< .01) were found at Visit 2 for both groups, but singers demonstrated lower flows at Visit 2 than nonsinging controls at comfortable pitch (
p
= .06). Auditory–perceptual ratings did not support preservation of speaking voice, although a larger percentage of listeners rated nonsinging controls as voice disordered at Visit 2. Endoscopic ratings supported preservation, as singers were more likely than nonsinging controls to be rated as having laryngeal signs of aging absent at both visits (
p
= .02).

Conclusion
The findings from this pilot study provide evidence that regular singing in senior chorales may assist in preserving older adults' speaking voices.
High step‐up DC/DC converters based on coupled inductor and switched capacitors
Authors: Ding Jie , Zhao Shiwei , Yin Huajie , Qin Ping , Zeng Guanbao 
Published: June 2020

This study proposes a series of high step‐up DC/DC converters based on the coupled inductor and switched capacitors. The priority of the switched capacitor connection methods of the converters is presented by their contributions to the voltage gain so that the converters can be selected optimally according to the gain demand. For this converter, the voltage gain can be adjusted by both of the turns ratios of the coupled inductor and the number of switched‐capacitor units. It makes it possible to further improve the voltage gain when the turns ratio of the coupled inductor is rather high. Moreover, the introduction of switched capacitors can reduce the voltage stress of power components. In this study, the operating principle and performance characteristics of the converters are analysed. Also, a 300 W prototype is set up for verification. The experimental results demonstrate the effect of the theoretical analysis and superiority of the converter.
The development of export oriented agriculture: methods of region export potential assessment
Authors: Kundius Valentina , Kovaleva Irina 
Published: June 2020

The study uses a systematic approach to ensure the complexity and focus of scientific recommendations, analytical, abstract-logical, calculating-constructive, economic-statistical, economic-mathematical, monographic methods of research. The methodical approach to justifying the placement of organic agricultural products and food production, localizing it using method of mapping. The Based on the acceptance of mapping with allocation locally segments based on certain criteria or features based on the points-rating system.
This allows us to distinguish local segments of industry production and organic farming using signs of geographical and behavioral segmentation. At the same time, the criterion of segmentation by geographical basis may be the natural and economic zoning of the area in question; the criterion of segmentation by behavioral basis may be the degree of need of the residents of the area for a particular product. In the end, the allocation of segments is reduced to ranking local zones of production and processing of organic agricultural products and markets, forming in them
A stochastic prediction of minibus taxi driver behaviour in South Africa
Authors: Schlüter Jan , Frewer Manuel , Sörensen Leif , Coetzee Justin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor many emerging and developing countries, urbanization and demographic changes require a remodelling of transportation systems and networks. Paratransit, with its demand responsive characteristics of being fully flexible, often represents the backbone of the transport sector while being an informal and, therefore, fairly unorganised system with little knowledge about working routines of its workers. As an example, this paper analyses the minibus taxi industry in South Africa based on data from Rustenburg, a mid-sized city, to gain valuable insights into the working behaviour of minibus taxi drivers by taking an evidence-based and data-based approach. Therefore, the principle of reference-dependent preferences is applied to the data to investigate the labour supply choice of taxi drivers, since sheer profit maximization has proven inadequate for the analysis here. Results indicate, that working hours for South African minibus taxi drivers are likely to be in the 10–12 h bracket with a revenue-dependent additional hour accounting for the revenue performance of that day. As a main finding however, South African minibus taxi drivers cannot clearly be attributed to either reference dependence or profit-maximization behaviour.
Interatomic coulombic decay rate in endohedral complexes
Authors: Khokhlova Margarita , Bahmanpour Laila , Bachhawat Nikhil , Cooper Bridgette , Averbukh Vitali 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Interatomic coulombic decay (ICD) in van der Waals endohedral complexes was predicted to be anomalously fast. However, the available theoretical calculations of the ICD rates in endohedral complexes only consider the equilibrium geometry, in which the encapsulated atom is located at the centre of the fullerene cage. Here we show analytically that the dominant contribution of the dipole plasmon resonance to ICD does not deviate from its equilibrium geometry value, while contributions of higher multipole plasmons to the ICD can be neglected for most atomic displacements possible for an endohedral complex at room temperature. This is in contrast to the behaviour predicted for ionic endohedral compounds. Our results show that the conclusion of the earlier works on the ultrafast character of the ICD in endohedral complexes holds generally for a wide range of geometries possible under a thermal distribution, rather than only for the equilibrium geometry.
A flipped U(1)
R
extension of the Standard Model
Authors: Nam Cao H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, we study an extension of the standard model (SM) based on the gauge symmetry SU(3)
C
× SU(2)
L
× U(1)
Y′ × U(1)
R
where only the right-handed fermions have nonzero U(1)
R
charge and the weak hypercharge of the SM is identified as a combination of the U(1)
Y′ and U(1)
R
charges. The gauge charge assignment of the fields is constrained by the conditions of the anomaly cancellation and the gauge invariance of the Yukawa couplings. The light neutrino masses are generated via the type-I seesaw mechanism where the Majorana masses of the right-handed neutrinos are related to the U(1)
Y′ × U(1)
R
symmetry breaking scale. Then, we discuss the constraints on the free parameters of the model from various current experiments, such as the precision measurement of the total Z width, ρ parameter, atomic parity violation of cesium, LEP and LHC bounds. In addition, we investigate the potential of probing for the signal of the new neutral gauge boson based on the forward–backward asymmetry for the process e
+
e
− → μ
+
μ
− which is the most sensitive mode at the ILC.
A novel concept for adaptive friction damper based on electrostatic adhesion
Authors: Testoni Oleg , Bergamini Andrea , Bodkhe Sampada , Ermanni Paolo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This work presents a novel concept for an adaptive friction damper based on electrostatic adhesion for medium to small industrial applications and investigates the effects of electrostatic tuning on the energy dissipated by the damper under quasi-static as well as dynamic conditions. The novel damper has a low mechanical complexity. The amount of energy dissipated can be controlled through an electric voltage and be easily adapted to different working conditions. The concept is based on a stack of electrostatic clutches hinged around a common axis, which can dissipate energy through Coulomb friction. An electric field is used to vary the maximum shear stress transferred by the clutches and, consequently, to control the damping level. A prototype of the damper was manufactured and tested. The experimental results demonstrate the increase in the resistive moment of the clutches with increasing electric field and display the capability of the concept to adapt the damping level of a single-degree-of-freedom resonating system. The presented concept might replace linear dampers in rotating machines operating at different regimes, in road vehicles as well as in aircrafts.
Effect of Ce on phase formation and magnetic properties of (Nd–Pr)2.28Fe13.58B1.14 melt-spun ribbons
Authors: Rong M H , Ma J , Yao Q R , Wang J , Rao G H , Zhou H Y , Jin Z P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The phase formation of the (Nd0.70Pr0.30−xCex)2.28Fe13.58B1.14 (x = 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20; hereafter defined as Pr20Ce10, Pr15Ce15 and Pr10Ce20, respectively) and (Nd0.60Pr0.40−yCey)2.28Fe13.58B1.14 (y = 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30; hereafter defined as Pr30Ce10, Pr20Ce20 and Pr10Ce30, respectively) alloys that were prepared via the arc-melting method was investigated experimentally. The x-ray diffraction results revealed that all alloys annealed at 1173 K for 360 h consisted of a (NdPrCe)2Fe14B main phase with a tetragonal Nd2Fe14B-typed structure (space group P42/mnm) and an α-Fe minor phase, except for the Pr10Ce30 alloy, which contained an additional CeFe2 phase. The magnetic properties of the (Nd0.70Pr0.30−xCex)2.28Fe13.58B1.14 and (Nd0.60Pr0.40−yCey)2.28Fe13.58B1.14 ribbons that were prepared by melt spinning were examined. The remanence (Br) and maximum magnetic energy product ((BH)max) of the (Nd0.70Pr0.30−xCex)2.28Fe13.58B1.14 ribbons increased first and then decreased, whereas the coercivity (Hcj) of the ribbons increased with an increase in Ce content. The Br and (BH)max of the (Nd0.60Pr0.60−yCey)2.28Fe13.58B1.14 ribbons increased, whereas the Hcj of the ribbons decreased gradually with an increase in Ce content. This changed behavior of magnetic properties is attributed to the variation of volume fraction of the α-Fe phase and different phase formations in the melt-spun ribbons. The Curie temperatures (Tc) of all ribbons decreased slightly with Ce substitution, which results from the lower Curie temperatures of Pr2Fe14B and Ce2Fe14B. The Pr10Ce30 ribbon with a higher Ce content exhibited optimal magnetic properties (Br = 9.71 kGs, Hcj = 13.09 kOe, (BH)max = 18.78 MGOe), which indicates that suitable magnetic properties of the Nd–Pr–Ce–Fe–B melt-spun ribbons can be achieved by alloy-composition and phase-formation design.
Theoretical study on photoelectric properties of FAPbI3 doped with Ge
Authors: Gao Li-Ke , Tang Yan-Lin , Diao Xin-Feng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
FAPbI3(NH2CHNH2PbI3) is an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite containing Pb, which has good photoelectric characteristics and great potential in the application of low-cost and high energy efficiency photoelectric devices. In order to reduce the pollution of Pb to the environment, the first-principles based on density functional theory(DFT) is used to compare and study the photoelectric parameters such as the band structure, density of states(DOS), absorption coefficient, reflectivity, conductivity and dielectric function of FAPb1−xGexI3(x = 0.0,0.33,0.50,0.67,1.0). The results show that the 4p orbital electrons of Ge and the 6p orbital electrons of Pb and 5p orbital electrons of I are hybridized after doped with Ge, which change the band structure of FAPbI3. The result is that the optical band gap of the material is narrowed, the curvature of the band is increased, the effective mass of electrons and holes is reduced, the absorption peak of visible light increases and the absorption range increases. And the reflectivity and energy loss of the material also increase at the same time. The super SOC effect of the heavy metal Pb element leads to the splitting of the conduction band level of FAPbI3, the conduction band value drops sharply, and the band gap decreases sharply. We found that when the doping ratio of x in FAPb1−xGexI3 was between 0.55 and 0.65, the optimal band gap was between 1.3–1.4 eV. Therefore, reasonable regulation of Ge’s doping ratio can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of FAPbI3. This study can provide some theoretical guidance for experimental research and search for new efficient and environmentally friendly perovskite solar materials.
Co/Ni multilayers ordered according to a periodic, Fibonnacci and Thue Morse sequence obtained by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Saavedra E , Burr J P , Alburquenque D , Palma J L , García-Martín J M , Escrig J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Co/Ni multilayers ordered according to a periodic, Fibonnacci and Thue Morse sequence have been obtained by Atomic Layer Deposition and a subsequent process of thermal reduction. The morphology of the multilayers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, while longitudinal hysteresis curves were obtained by magneto-optical magnetometry of Kerr effect. The morphology of the films varies as a function of their sequence and thickness. Multilayers exhibit coercivities much higher than expected from samples synthesized with other methods. The control of the magnetic properties of multilayers, as a function of their sequence, may allow their use in spintronic devices.
Adaptation of and Protocol for the Validation of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in the Russian Federation for Use in Primary Healthcare
Authors: Rehm Jürgen , Neufeld Maria , Yurasova Elena , Bunova Anna , Gil Artyom , Gornyi Boris , Breda João , Bryun Evgeniy , Drapkina Oxana , Fadeeva Eugenia , Kalinina Anna , Khaltourina Daria , Klimenko Tatiana , Kontsevaya Anna , Koshkina Evgenia , Martynova Natalya , Nadezhdin Alexey , Soshkina Kristina , Tetenova Elena , Vujnovic Melita , Vyshinsky Konstantin , Ferreira-Borges Carina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo adapt and validate the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) for use in the Russian Federation and countries with Russian-speaking populations by:MethodsSystematic review of past use and validation of the Russian-language AUDIT. Interviews to be conducted with experts to identify problems encountered in the use of existing Russian-language AUDIT versions. A pilot study using a revised translation of the Russian-language AUDIT that incorporates country-specific drinking patterns in the Russian Federation.Results and ConclusionsThe systematic review identified over 60 different Russian-language AUDIT versions without systematic validation studies. The main difficulties encountered with the use of the AUDIT in the Russian Federation were related to the lack of:A revised version of the Russian-language AUDIT was created based on the pilot studies, and was validated in primary healthcare facilities in all regions in 2019/2020.
Affective Drinking Motives, Delinquency and Binge Drinking: A Comparison of Male and Female High School Seniors
Authors: Walters Glenn D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aim
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the association between affective drinking motives, delinquency and binge drinking varied as a function of sex and if so, whether delinquency moderated the relationship between affective drinking motives and binge drinking in late adolescent males and females.

Methods
Participants were 623 (257 males, 366 females) high school seniors from the 2018 Monitoring the Future study. A principal components analysis was initially performed to create component scores for the first factor of a 15-item drinking motives scale subsequently labeled affective drinking motives. These scores, along with sex and a measure of delinquency, were then entered into a three-way interaction. The interaction was found to correlate significantly with binge drinking. Because of the significant three-way interaction, analyses were performed on male and female participants separately.

Results
Analyses conducted on male participants revealed a moderate correlation between affective drinking motives and binge drinking but no evidence of an interaction between affective drinking motives and delinquency. Analyses performed on female participants, on the other hand, identified a significant main effect for affective drinking motives and a negative interaction between affective drinking motives and delinquency, indicating that the relationship between affective drinking motives and binge drinking was strongest when delinquency was low.

Conclusions
These results suggest that while delinquency had no apparent impact on the affective drinking motive–binge drinking correlation in boys, low delinquency clearly amplified the counter-binge drinking effects of low affective drinking motives in girls.
Estimates of Occupational Inhalation Exposures to Six Oil-Related Compounds on the Four Rig Vessels Responding to theDeepwater HorizonOil Spill
Authors: Huynh Tran B , Groth Caroline P , Ramachandran Gurumurthy , Banerjee Sudipto , Stenzel Mark , Quick Harrison , Blair Aaron , Engel Lawrence S , Kwok Richard K , Sandler Dale P , Stewart Patricia A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill involved thousands of workers and volunteers to mitigate the oil release and clean-up after the spill. Health concerns for these participants led to the initiation of a prospective epidemiological study (GuLF STUDY) to investigate potential adverse health outcomes associated with the oil spill response and clean-up (OSRC). Characterizing the chemical exposures of the OSRC workers was an essential component of the study. Workers on the four oil rig vessels mitigating the spill and located within a 1852 m (1 nautical mile) radius of the damaged wellhead [the Discoverer Enterprise (Enterprise), the Development Driller II (DDII), the Development Driller III (DDIII), and the HelixQ4000] had some of the greatest potential for chemical exposures.ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to characterize potential personal chemical exposures via the inhalation route for workers on those four rig vessels. Specifically, we presented our methodology and descriptive statistics of exposure estimates for total hydrocarbons (THCs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and n-hexane (BTEX-H) for various job groups to develop exposure groups for the GuLF STUDY cohort.MethodsUsing descriptive information associated with the measurements taken on various jobs on these rig vessels and with job titles from study participant responses to the study questionnaire, job groups [unique job/rig/time period (TP) combinations] were developed to describe groups of workers with the same or closely related job titles. A total of 500 job groups were considered for estimation using the available 8139 personal measurements. We used a univariate Bayesian model to analyze the THC measurements and a bivariate Bayesian regression framework to jointly model the measurements of THC and each of the BTEX-H chemicals separately, both models taking into account the many measurements that were below the analytic limit of detection.ResultsHighest THC exposures occurred in TP1a and TP1b, which was before the well was mechanically capped. The posterior medians of the arithmetic mean (AM) ranged from 0.11 ppm (‘Inside/Other’, TP1b, DDII; and ‘Driller’, TP3, DDII) to 14.67 ppm (‘Methanol Operations’, TP1b, Enterprise). There were statistical differences between the THC AMs by broad job groups, rigs, and time periods. The AMs for BTEX-H were generally about two to three orders of magnitude lower than the THC AMs, with benzene and ethylbenzene measurements being highly censored.ConclusionsOur results add new insights to the limited literature on exposures associated with oil spill responses and support the current epidemiologic investigation of potential adverse health effects of the oil spill.
Sexual dimorphism in floral scents of the neotropical orchid Catasetum arietinum and its possible ecological and evolutionary significance
Authors: Brandt Katharina , Machado Isabel Cristina , Navarro Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz , Dötterl Stefan , Ayasse Manfred , Milet-Pinheiro Paulo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Dioecy in angiosperms is often associated with sexual dimorphism in floral traits other than the sexual organs. Species of the neotropical orchid genus Catasetum produce unisexual flowers characterized by a remarkable morphological sexual dimorphism. Catasetum species emit strong floral perfumes that act as both signal and reward for male euglossine bee pollinators. Although the role of floral perfumes of Catasetum in attracting euglossine pollinators is well investigated, little is known about whether perfumes differ between floral sexes and, if they do, whether this chemical dimorphism influences the pollination ecology of the plants. Taking Catasetum arietinum as a model species, our aim was to observe the behaviour of pollinators on male and female flowers and to compare scent properties (i.e. chemical composition, total amount and temporal fluctuation) of male and female flowers. Floral scent samples were collected by using dynamic headspace methods and were analysed via gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Catasetum arietinum is pollinated by males of two Euglossa species (i.e. E. nanomelanotricha and E. securigera). Bees approached male and female inflorescences of C. arietinum in similar proportions but landed significantly more often and spent more time on female flowers, which emitted more scent than male flowers. Furthermore, the amount of scent emitted varied across the different times of sampling, corresponding to the pattern of the diel foraging activity of pollinating bees on male and female flowers. The chemical composition of scents differed significantly between sexes. The two major compounds (Z)-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate and (E)-geranyl geraniol contributed most to this difference. This is the first case of sexual dimorphism reported in orchid floral perfumes. We discuss the influence of sex-specific floral scents on the behaviour of euglossine pollinators and offer new insights into the ecological and evolutionary significance of divergence in floral scents among dioecious plants.