bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid model for fault detection and diagnosis in an industrial distillation column
Authors: Picabea Julia , Maestri Mauricio , Cassanello Miryan , Horowitz Gabriel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present work describes a method of automatic fault detection and identification based on a hybrid model (HM): First Principles – Neural Network. The FPM can simulate a wide range of situations while the NN corrects the model output using information from the historical data of the process. Operating conditions corresponding to different types of faults were simulated with the HM and saved with their description in a process state library. To detect a fault, the online measured data was compared with that corresponding to the operation under normal conditions. If a significant deviation was detected, the current state was compared with all the states stored in the process state library and it was identified as the one at the shortest distance. The method was tested with real data from a methanol-water industrial distillation column. During the studied period of operation of the plant, two faults were identified and reported. The proposed method was able to identify such failures more effectively than an equivalent model of first principles. The results obtained show that the proposed method has a great potential to be used in the automatic diagnosis of faults in refining and petrochemical processes.
On the regular-convexity of Ricci shrinker limit spaces
Authors: Huang Shaosai , Li Yu , Wang Bing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper we study the structure of the pointed-Gromov–Hausdorff limits of
sequences of Ricci shrinkers. We define a regular-singular decomposition
following the work of Cheeger–Colding for manifolds with a uniform Ricci
curvature lower bound, and prove that the regular part of any non-collapsing
Ricci shrinker limit space is strongly convex, inspired by Colding–Naber’s
original idea of parabolic smoothing of the distance functions.
A machine learning-based approach for estimating and testing associations with multivariate outcomes
Authors: Benkeser David , Mertens Andrew , Colford John M. , Hubbard Alan , Arnold Benjamin F. , Stein Aryeh , van der Laan Mark J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe propose a method for summarizing the strength of association between a set of variables and a multivariate outcome. Classical summary measures are appropriate when linear relationships exist between covariates and outcomes, while our approach provides an alternative that is useful in situations where complex relationships may be present. We utilize machine learning to detect nonlinear relationships and covariate interactions and propose a measure of association that captures these relationships. A hypothesis test about the proposed associative measure can be used to test the strong null hypothesis of no association between a set of variables and a multivariate outcome. Simulations demonstrate that this hypothesis test has greater power than existing methods against alternatives where covariates have nonlinear relationships with outcomes. We additionally propose measures of variable importance for groups of variables, which summarize each groups’ association with the outcome. We demonstrate our methodology using data from a birth cohort study on childhood health and nutrition in the Philippines.
Aircraft Gearbox Fault Diagnosis System: An Approach based on Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Mallikarjuna P B , Sreenatha M , Manjunath S , Kundur Niranjan C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Gearbox is one of the vital components in aircraft engines. If any small damage to gearbox, it can cause the breakdown of aircraft engine. Thus it is significant to study fault diagnosis in gearbox system. In this paper, two deep learning models (Long short term memory (LSTM) and Bi-directional long short term memory (BLSTM)) are proposed to classify the condition of gearbox into good or bad. These models are applied on aircraft gearbox vibration data in both time and frequency domain. A publicly available aircraft gearbox vibration dataset is used to evaluate the performance of proposed models. The results proved that accuracy achieved by LSTM and BLSTM are highly reliable and applicable in health monitoring of aircraft gearbox system in time domain as compared to frequency domain. Also, to show the superiority of proposed models for aircraft gearbox fault diagnosis, performance is compared with classical machine learning models.
Demonstration of biaxially tensile-strained Ge/SiGe multiple quantum well (MQW) electroabsorption modulators with low polarization dependence
Authors: Gao Jianfeng , Sun Junqiang , Jiang Jialin , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate a novel biaxially tensile-strained Ge/SiGe multiple quantum well (MQW) electroabsorption modulator with low polarization dependence. The device is waveguide integrated and has a length of 900 μm. Suspended microbridge structure is utilized to introduce biaxial tensile strain to the Ge/Si0.19Ge0.81 MQWs. Light is coupled into and out of the waveguide through deeply etched facets at the ends of the waveguide. Both TE and TM polarized electroabsorption contrast ratios are tested by the use of polarization maintaining focusing lensed fiber and a linear polarizer. A polarization irrelevant contrast ratio of 4.3 dB is achieved under 0 V/2 V operation. Both simulations and experiments indicate that the demonstrated device has potential in waveguide integrated utilizations that have high requirements on polarization uniformity.
On-chip arbitrary-mode spot size conversion
Authors: Qi Wei , Yu Yu , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Manipulating on-chip optical modes via components in analogy with free-space devices provides intuitional light control, and this concept has been adopted to implement single-lens–assisted spot size conversion using integrated device. However, the reported schemes have been demonstrated only for fundamental mode, while high-order or irregular modes are preferred in specific applications. The 4-f system is widely used in Fourier optics for optical information processing. Under the inspiration of the 4-f system and the beam expander in bulk optics, a spot size converter (SSC) with two metamaterial-based graded-index waveguides is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed device is capable of widening an arbitrary mode while preserving its profile shape. Compared with conventional SSC using adiabatic taper, the footprint can be reduced by 91.5% under a same intermode crosstalk. Experimentally, an expansion ratio of five is demonstrated for regular modes. Furthermore, for an irregular mode, the functionality is numerically verified without structure modification. This work offers a universal solution to on-chip spot size conversion and may broaden the on-chip application prospects of Fourier optics.
Arbitrary polarization conversion for pure vortex generation with a single metasurface
Authors: Piccardo Marco , Ambrosio Antonio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purity of an optical vortex beam depends on the spread of its energy among different azimuthal and radial modes, also known as $\ell $- and p-modes. The smaller the spread, the higher the vortex purity and more efficient its creation and detection. There are several methods to generate vortex beams with well-defined orbital angular momentum, but only few exist allowing selection of a pure radial mode. These typically consist of many optical elements with rather complex arrangements, including active cavity resonators. Here, we show that it is possible to generate pure vortex beams using a single metasurface plate—called p-plate as it controls radial modes—in combination with a polarizer. We generalize an existing theory of independent phase and amplitude control with birefringent nanopillars considering arbitrary input polarization states. The high purity, sizeable creation efficiency, and impassable compactness make the presented approach a powerful complex amplitude modulation tool for pure vortex generation, even in the case of large topological charges.
Social Security and robotization: Possible ways to finance human reskilling and promote employment
Authors: Díaz Alfredo , Grau Ruiz María Amparo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis contribution aims to open the discussion on how to balance the opportunities and the risks posed by the increased robotization of the economy. It particularly addresses the concerns related to the sustainability of the current Social Security systems. Having in mind the quick process of skill depreciation, it is urgent to incentivize workers’ training and human employment. Some ways already used in the past to finance similar goals are reviewed here in order to show possible solutions to be adapted in the near future within the European Union in line with the guidelines given by several international institutions.
First case of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism due to SLC5A5/NIS mutations
Authors: Stoupa Athanasia , Al Hage Chehade Ghada , Kariyawasam Dulanjalee , Tohier Celine , Bole-Feysot Christine , Nitschke Patrick , Thibault Helene , Jullie Marie-Laure , Polak Michel , Carré Aurore 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Among patients with congenital hypothyroidism, 35% have dyshormonogenesis (DH) with thyroid gland in situ with or without goiter. The majority of DH cases are due to mutations in genes involved in thyroid hormone production as TG, TPO, SLC5A5/NIS, SLC26A4/PDS, IYD/DEHAL1, DUOX2, and DUOXA2, and are usually inherited on an autosomal recessive basis. Most previously reported cases of fetal hypothyroidism and goiter were related to TG or TPO mutations and recently DUOXA2.

Patient:
In a male patient with antenatal goiter treated with intraamniotic levothyroxine injections, whose long-term follow-up is described in detail, two novel NIS mutations were detected. Mutations of NIS were located in exon 1 (c.52G>A, p.G18R) and exon 13 (c.1546C>T, p.R516X), each mutation was inherited from parents, who are healthy carriers. The p.G18R mutation affecting the first transmembrane domain of the protein can be responsible for deficient iodide uptake. However, the second is a nonsense mutation leading probably to mRNA degradation. In addition, the patient has undergone a thyroidectomy and we have studied the thyroid tissue. The thyroid histology showed heterogeneity with large follicles, epithelial hyperplasia and many areas of fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry with NIS specific antibody showed NIS staining at the basolateral plasma membrane of the thyrocytes.

Conclusions:
We report the first case of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism due to two novel NIS mutations with access to thyroid tissue of the patient, specific histology studies and long-term follow-up. This case expands our knowledge and provides further insights on molecular causes of fetal goiter in humans.
Trends in Mortality and Costs of Pediatric Extracorporeal Life Support
Authors: Sanaiha Yas , Khoubian Jonathan J. , Williamson Catherine G. , Aguayo Esteban , Dobaria Vishal , Srivastava Neeraj , Benharash Peyman 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) has been used for &gt;30 years as a life-sustaining therapy in critically ill patients for a variety of indications. In the current study, we aimed to examine trends in use, mortality, length of stay (LOS), and costs for pediatric ECLS hospitalizations.METHODS:We performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients (between the ages of 28 days and &lt;21 years) on ECLS using the 2008–2015 National Inpatient Sample, the largest all-payer inpatient hospitalization database generated from hospital discharges. Nonparametric and Cochran-Armitage tests for trend were used to study in-hospital mortality, LOS, and hospitalization costs.RESULTS:Of the estimated 5847 patients identified and included for analysis, ECLS was required for respiratory failure (36.4%), postcardiotomy syndrome (25.9%), mixed cardiopulmonary failure (21.7%), cardiogenic shock (13.1%), and transplanted graft dysfunction (2.9%). The rate of ECLS hospitalizations increased 329%, from 11 to 46 cases per 100 000 pediatric hospitalizations, from 2008 to 2015 (P &lt; .001). Overall mortality decreased from 50.3% to 34.6% (P &lt; .001). Adjusted hospital costs increased significantly ($214 046 ± 11 822 to 324 841 ± 25 621; P = .002) during the study period despite a stable overall hospital LOS (46 ± 6 to 44 ± 4 days; P = .94).CONCLUSIONS:Use of ECLS in pediatric patients has increased with substantially improved ECLS survival rates. Hospital costs have increased significantly despite a stable LOS in this group. Dissemination of this costly yet life-saving technology warrants ongoing analysis of use trends to identify areas for quality improvement.
Editorial
Authors: Castañeda Rodríguez Victor Mauricio 
Published: August 2020

Este número de Innovar llega a nuestros lectores en un escenario que hace unos meses atrás parecería propio de una historia de ciencia ficción. Se trata de un aislamiento físico prolongado que ha pasado factura en muchos ámbitos de la vida humana, por ejemplo, la economía, el trabajo, la salud mental y la educación. En particular, el covid-19 y las medidas tomadas por la mayor parte de los gobiernos en el mundo para frenar su expansión han llevado a jardines, colegios y universidades por igual a utilizar los espacios virtuales para continuar con el desarrollo de sus planes de estudio, lo que ha obligado a profesores, estudiantes y padres de familia a adaptarse al cambio, aunque cada uno de ellos en diferentes circunstancias y en desigualdad de oportunidades.
A book review on Organizational Culture and Leadership: A Dynamic View
Authors: Alsaqqa Hatem 
Published: August 2020

Leadership is one of the most reflected arguments in management books. This concept is always under training and development in various organizations around the world. The debate about achieving the desired leadership styles is also controversially adopted. Thus, the author of this work thought more broadly to put this concept on some rational basis. Schein, who obtained a Master’s Degree in Psychology and a Ph.D. in Social Psychology, and has worked as a Professor of organizational studies management, used his broad experience on the topic to write this book.
The Transformation of an Education Institute in Modern Lithuania
Authors: Trakšelys Kęstutis 
Published: August 2020

The modernity theories of western-type societies are understood as a process, when a developing society approaches developed societies, reaching a certain level of economic growth, a certain level of public participation or a certain phase of democratic development, giving access for more individuals to the physical, social and economic mobility. In modern societies, the educational institution has become one of the key factors to ensure the stimulating and securing mobility of individuals. The modern world gives the education prominence in modern societies. Education has become a major means to climb up the ladder of social classes. Therefore, education has to be compulsory so that it prevents people from creating social groups that could turn into ones non - integral, excluded from society. The aim of modern society is to provide equal opportunities to everyone to learn and meet the needs of the times. According to the modernity theory the Institution of Education should become the basis of social security protecting the individual from various social risks in the future. According to functionalists, each social element of a society as a whole, including the educational institution, contributes to the stability of society.
Summarizing various descriptions of the concepts of a social institution in the literature one can conclude that social institution is organized associations of people, who perform certain socially important functions through their social roles, or have common goals, values, norms and behavior patterns. Social institutions can be strong or weak, regardless of people‘s trust in them, nor the requirements of social life.
It has been noted that in the scientific literature usually four major social institutions are identified: family, education, religion and politics. The importance of the institutions in society depends upon the times, the country’s political and economic context. The process of Institution-building in social life, acquisition of the well-established values is known as institutionalization. It takes place at all levels of social life, in small groups and large organizations. A greater part of ordinary societal life occurs in specialized institutional situations. Today’s social institutions are quite independent, though they are connected by people, who link themselves to a number of social institutions. Social institutions often compete among each other, for each of them aims at managing the main social functions of society. Family, education, church, and government often compete amid each other openly attempting to influence various groups of society.
Individualization and Communality in the Context of Vocational Training
Authors: Kanapickaitė Jolanta 
Published: August 2020

This article discloses individualization / communality in the studies process of designers, photographers-technologists, engineers, marketing, communications and health care specialists. The research was done in 2009–2012 years of studies in Vilnius college, Kaunas college, International school of law and business, Vilnius Gediminas technical university, Vilnius Art academy, Vilnius college of technologies and design studies programs: marketing, advertisement, marketing and management, creative industries, visual communication, general practice nursing, biomedical diagnostics, hygienic and decorative cosmetics, physical therapy, graphic design, interior design, interactive design and photography technologies, building services, construction, geodesy and cadaster, heating energetic. The aim of this article is to disclose individualization / communality in the vocational studies process of designers-photographers technologists, engineers, marketing, and communication and health care specialists. Research data showed what communality the general direction of engineers’ and health care specialist vocational is training. And the statistical data analysis revealed the following: artist and manager named individualization as a general direction of vocational training.
Impact of the Assessment of Tenth-Formers’ Achievements in Mathematics on Learning Motivation
Authors: Pečiuliauskienė Palmira , Damauskienė Loreta 
Published: August 2020

The enhancement of the attractiveness of the subject of mathematics has currently become a topical problem of education policy. The conducted secondary analysis of the data of national survey (2008) has shown that learners take interest in mathematics, are motivated to learn mathematics and believe that mathematics contributes to learning other subjects, as it is related to their everyday life and prospective professional career.
The secondary comparative analysis of the data of national survey (2006 and 2008) reveals that the assessment of tenth-formers’ achievements (the teacher’s attitude towards learners’ achievements and success) affect learning motivation. Statistically significant correlation coefficient shows that learners appreciate receiving fair assessment, and they understand how to accomplish tasks in order to receive good evaluation from the teacher; the teacher praises learners for their achievements and helps when they experience some difficulties. Hence, the willingness of learners to study mathematics is determined by both the assessment of achievements and mutual understanding of teachers and learners.
Having conducted secondary data analysis of 2008 survey on the learners’ inclination to learn mathematics and the teacher’s influence in enhancing learning motivation, it appears that the strongest statistical correlation is between the activities related to teachers’ professional readiness – the teacher should be able to raise learners’ interest in the taught subject; is able to explain difficult things; encourages to participate in mathematical competitions and Olympiads. The strongest correlation defines the teacher’s professional competency (excellent knowledge of the subject and ability to explain difficult things).
Las angiospermas epífitas de Puebla, México: riqueza y distribución
Authors: Miguel-Vázquez Mónica Isabel , Espejo-Serna Mario Adolfo , Ceja-Romero Jacqueline , Cerros-Tlatilpa Rosa 
Published: August 2020

Antecedentes: El estado de Puebla tiene gran biodiversidad, resultado de su compleja historia biogeográfica y de su heterogeneidad topográfica y climática. Sin embargo, la exploración botánica en la entidad ha sido escasa y sesgada a ciertas regiones, quedando aún buena parte del territorio sin documentar.
Preguntas: ¿Cuántas especies de angiospermas epífitas hay en Puebla? ¿Cómo se distribuyen en el rango altitudinal y por tipo de vegetación?
Especies estudiadas: Las angiospermas epífitas.
Sitio de estudio y fechas: Se recopilaron datos y se revisaron especímenes de angiospermas epífitas de Puebla, de 2011 a 2019. Se realizó trabajo de campo en el estado de 2012 a 2013.
Métodos: Se revisó literatura, se consultaron bases de datos, se revisaron las colecciones AMO, ENCB, FCME, HUAP, MEXU, UAMIZ, XAL y se hicieron viajes de recolección.
Resultados: Se reportan 18 familias, 92 géneros y 265 especies de angiospermas epífitas para Puebla, 72 de las cuales son endémicas de México. Se registran siete especies por primera vez para el estado. El mayor porcentaje de epífitas se registró en el bosque mesófilo de montaña (50 %), seguido por el bosque de Quercus (32 %); el mayor número de especies se reporta en el rango altitudinal de 1,090 a 1,700 m.
Conclusiones: Puebla tiene alta diversidad de angiospermas epífitas; a pesar de la velocidad a la que su vegetación está siendo fragmentada, aún hay zonas favorables para el desarrollo de epífitas; es importante explorar y preservar dichas áreas, antes de que su biodiversidad se pierda sin haber sido documentada.
Factor de riesgo psicosocial de carga mental en el docente universitario
Authors: Escudero-Sabogal Irina del Rosario , Pérez-Cervantes Luis Eduardo 
Published: August 2020

Introducción: El estudio de los aspectos organizacionales y psicosociales y su relación con la salud laboral no es algo nuevo, aunque su importancia y reconocimiento se ha adquirido en los últimos años, como consecuencia de los importantes cambios en las organizaciones y de los procesos de globalización actual. Objetivos: Analizar la producción bibliográfica de los riesgos psicosociales, principalmente la carga mental en los docentes universitarios. Metodología: Mediante revisión bibliográfica, con bases científicas y estudios relacionados en el área, se analizarán cómo influyen los factores de riesgos psicosociales de carga mental en el personal docente universitario. Resultados: La búsqueda bibliográfica evidenció que los factores de riesgos psicosociales pueden desencadenar en el personal docente una alta carga mental y emocional que pueden afectar su salud y el desarrollo de sus actividades y condiciones laborales, conllevando a incapacidades y ausentismo, impactando negativamente el sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo de las Instituciones de Educación Superior del país.