bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adults with Possible Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome with Crustacean Ingestion
Authors: Li Daniel Hanzhang , Wong-Pack Andrew , Macikunas Andrea Leilani , Kim Harold 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Food protein-induced enterocolitis (FPIES), an entity previously thought to only affect children, has been increasingly described in adults. In this study, we report a Canadian cohort of 19 adolescents and adults with recurrent non-immunoglobulin E (IgE) -mediated gastrointestinal symptoms after crustacean ingestion, consistent with FPIES.Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients in an outpatient allergy clinic from January 2005 to May 2020. Electronic records were searched using keywords for crustaceans and for symptoms consistent with FPIES. We included patients with gastrointestinal symptoms specifically to crustaceans on more than one occasion, who were 14 years or older at the time of index reaction. Exclusion criteria included symptoms suggestive of an IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction or a likely alternative diagnosis. We identified 19 patients for our cohort who met the criteria.Results: Our cohort was 68.4% female (13) and 32.6% (6) male. The average age at first reaction to crustaceans was 34 years old with a range of 14 years to 68 years (median = 28 years; IQR = 32 years). Time from ingestion to beginning of symptoms ranged from 3 minutes to 6.5 hours, with an average of 2.8 hours (median = 2 hours; IQR = 3.25 hours). Duration of reaction ranged from less than a minute to over 48 hours, with a mean of 9.4 hours (median = 4 hours; IQR= 7.75 hours). Patients had 4.8 reactions on average; however, number of reactions ranged from 2 to 12.5 (median = 3, IQR = 3). All patients identified a “trigger” food in the crustacean group, and 12 subjects identified additional reactions to other seafood. Conclusions: We hope our case series will better characterize and advance our understanding of this disease entity in adults. There are key differences in the presentation of FPIES in adults compared to children, namely female predominance, difference in solid food trigger, and unpredictable time course. Future studies are needed to examine the pathophysiology and natural history of adult FPIES. Specific guidelines should be developed for the diagnosis and management in adults.Trial Registration: retrospectively registered
Preliminary Outcomes of the Cementless UNITED Hip System for primary Total Hip Arthroplasty at a Minimum Two-year Follow-up
Authors: Dilernia Fernando Diaz , Garcia-Mansilla Agustin , Albani-Forneris Agustin , Slullitel Pablo , Zanotti Gerardo , Comba Fernando , Piccaluga Francisco , Buttaro Martin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction:

This study aimed to report the initial results of the cementless UNITED hip system in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a minimum follow-up of 2 years.
Methods

We retrospectively studied a consecutive series of 203 cementless THAs in 180 patients operated between 2015–2017. We included 89 female and 91 male patients with a mean age of 67 (28 to 89) years. The mean follow-up was 40 (29 to 62) months. Clinical outcome scores and radiographs were measured. Survival was calculated defining failure as the need for any further femoral or acetabular revision, irrespective of the reason.
Results

No femoral component loosening was detected. One patient had a Vancouver-B1 intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture treated with implant retention and cerclage wires. Two acetabular components were revised for aseptic loosening. Three patients suffered an acute infection treated with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention. The mean Merle d'Aubigné et Postel scores improved from 13 (4 to 16) points preoperatively to 17 (12 to 18) points at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). At a mean time of 40 months of follow-up, the survival was 99% and 100% for the acetabular and the femoral components, respectively.
Conclusion

This cementless design showed excellent preliminary outcomes in terms of fixation and patient satisfaction, comparable to that of other well-known similar systems.
Hemopneumothorax Detection Through the Process of Artificial Evolution
Authors: Sommer Adir , Mark Noy , Gerasi Rafi , Avraham Linn Wagnert , Fan-Marko Ruth , Eisenkraft Arik , Nachman Dean 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Tension pneumothorax is a leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield. Current prehospital diagnosis relies on a subjective clinical impression complemented by a manual thoracic and respiratory examination. These techniques are not fully applicable in field conditions and on the battlefield, where situational and environmental factors may impair clinical capabilities. We aimed to assemble a device able to sample, analyze, and classify the unique acoustic signatures of pneumothorax and hemothorax. Methods: Tested on an ex-vivo porcine model, we have assembled a device consisting of two sensitive digital stethoscopes and sampled 12 seconds of mechanical ventilation breathing sounds over the animals’ thorax. The thoracic cavity was injected with increasing volumes of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ml of air and saline to simulate pneumothorax and hemothorax, respectively. The data was analyzed using a multi-objective genetic algorithm that was used to develop an optimal mathematical detector through the process of artificial evolution, a cutting-edge approach in the artificial intelligence discipline. Results: The algorithm was able to classify the signals according to their distinctive characteristics and to accurately predict, in up to 80% of cases, the presence of pneumothorax and hemothorax, starting from 400 ml, and regardless of background noise.Conclusions: We present a potential objective and rapid diagnosis modality that can overcome independent and subjective factors that may delay diagnosis and treatment of potentially lethal thoracic injuries, with emphasis on field conditions. A future diagnostic device could be embedded with the algorithm and provide real-time detection and monitoring of pneumothorax and hemothorax.
The effects of different doses of caffeine on maximal strength and strength-endurance in women habituated to caffeine
Authors: Wilk Michal , Filip Aleksandra , Krzysztofik Michal , Tufano James J. , Zajac Adam , Coso Juan Del 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
PurposeThe main goal of this study was to assess the acute effects of 3 and 6 mg of caffeine intake per kg of body mass (b.m.) on maximal strength and strength-endurance in women habituated to caffeine. MethodsTwenty-one healthy resistance-trained female university students (23.0±0.9 years, body mass: 59.0±6.6 kg), with a daily caffeine intake of 5.8±2.6 mg/kg/b.m. participated in a randomized, crossover, double-blind design. Each participant performed three experimental sessions after ingesting either a placebo (PLAC) or 3 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-3) and 6 mg/kg/b.m. (CAF-6) of caffeine. In each experimental session, the participants underwent a 1RM test and a strength-endurance test at 50%1RM in the bench press exercise. Maximal load was measured in the 1RM test and the time under tension, number of preformed repetitions, power output and bar velocity were registered in the strength-endurance test. ResultsThe one-way ANOVA showed a main effect of caffeine on 1RM bench press performance (F=14.74; p<0.01). In comparison to the PLAC (40.48±9.21 kg), CAF-3 (41.68±8.98 kg; p=0.01) and CAF-6 (42.98±8.79 kg; p<0.01) increased 1RM bench press test results. There was also a main effect of caffeine on time under tension during the strength-endurance test (F=13.09; p<0.01). In comparison to the PLAC (53.52±11.44 s), CAF-6 (61.76±15.39 s; p<0.01) significantly increased the time under tension during the maximal strength-endurance test. ConclusionAn acute dose of 3-to-6 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine improves maximum muscle strength. However, the effect of these doses had minimal ergogenic effect on strength-endurance performance.
Large-scale in vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum under atmospheric air
Authors: Crispim M. , Verdaguer Ignasi Bofill , Silva Sofia F , Katzin Alejandro Miguel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The most important tool for the study of the malaria parasite is probably the in vitro culture that was established in 1976 by Trager and Jensen. However, the methodology is technically complex, expensive, and unsuitable for use in laboratories and regions with limited resources. Human factors such as hormones and the immune system are frequently ignored, and the similarity between the in vitro culture conditions and physiologic-like environment has been questioned. One of the most controversial factors about Plasmodium culture is the gaseous composition employed in vitro, which consists of a mixture poor in O2 (1%–5%) and rich in CO2 (approximately 5%).Results: The requirement of employing commercial gaseous mixtures and their suitability for use in reusable glass bottles under agitation for culturing were assessed. The methodology presented here is suitable for small- and large-scale culturing in cell culture flasks or hermetic and sterile glass bottles in agitation and provides an easier and cheaper Plasmodium culture alternative, which dispenses several sophisticated technical requirements of the classical methodology. The parasite viability, free oxygen, and drug-screening assays under these conditions were compared with those in the classic conditions. The cultivation under atmospheric air did not substantially affect the free oxygen levels and parasitic proliferation for periods longer than two years. However, it changed atovaquone, artesunate, and chloroquine efficacy in a different ways across the different isolates. Oxygraphic experiments demonstrated that the free oxygen concentration contained in the media was slightly superior compared to both the human blood and the media employed the classical methodology.Conclusions: The results indicate that the described culture conditions are suitable for parasite maintenance and can be used to obtain high yields of parasite. Although parasites proliferate under various culture conditions, it is clear that it is necessary to evaluate the different gaseous conditions to validate an antimalarial candidate. With this, it will be possible to detect an oxygen level that encompasses the physiological oxygen levels of human blood. Since oxygen decreases through media layers, future studies should further explore the use of oxygen-rich mixtures as a strategy to expose static cultures to more physiologic-like conditions.
The Neurotrophic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of β-asarone on the DA-Induced the Pathology of Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: wang Jian , Wang Xuebao , Liu Leping , Yu He , You Ruimin , Lu Xiaoai , Ding Saidan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The mechanism underlying the impaired cognitive function and memory loss in Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) remains unclear. Dopamine (DA) is reported to be associated with dementia. Methods: In this study, we investigated mechanism underlying DA-induced MHE pathology by immunoblotting, ELISA, FM4-64 and fluorescence staining. Results: We observed that MHE brains showed the increased content of DA, after administration of anti-DA antibody, and cognitive loss in MHE rats was recovered to the normal level, indicating the involvement of DA in the pathogenesis of MHE. Moreover, DA (10 μM) treatment obviously induced the decrease in the production of GDNF/NGF and the increase in TNFα levels in primary cultured neurons, which were blocked by addition of β-asarone (βASA). We also demonstrated that DA stimulated the activation of ASK1/JNK1 pathway. and the addition of anti-TNFα antibody reversed the inactivation of Notch signaling, the downregulation of neurotrophins and synaptic loss.Conclusions: Overall, we suggested that DA stimulated abundant production and secretion of neuronal TNFα, which elicited progressive loss of neurotrophic factors, leading to cognitive disorder of MHE.
Global expression of noncoding RNome reveals dysregulation of small RNAs in patients with HTLV-1–associated adult T-cell leukemia: a pilot study
Authors: Nacimento Andrezza , de Souza Daniela Raguer Valadão , Pessôa Rodrigo , Pietrobon Anna Julia , Nukui Youko , Pereira Juliana , Casseb Jorge , de Oliveira Augusto César Penalva , Loureiro Paula , Duarte Alberto José da Silva , Clissa Patricia Bianca , Sanabani Sabri Saeed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATLL) is a peripheral T-cell neoplasm caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1). Small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), play a pivotal role in the initiation and development of hematological malignancies and may represent potential therapeutic target molecules. However, little is known about how these molecules impact on the pathogenesis of ATLL. In this study, we aimed to identify sRNA expression signatures associated with ATLL and to investigate their potential implication in the pathophysiology of the disease.
Methods
Small-RNAseq analysis was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HTLV-1- associated ATLL (n = 10) in comparison to asymptomatic carriers (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 5). Sequencing was carried out using the Illumina MiSeq platform, and the deregulation of selected miRNAs was validated by real-time PCR. Pathway analyses of most deregulated miRNA were performed and their global profiling was combined with transcriptome data in ATLL.
Results
The sequencing identified specific sRNAs signatures associated with ATLL patients that target pathways relevant in ATLL, such as TGF-β, Wnt, p53, apoptosis, and MAPK signaling cascades. Network analysis revealed several miRNAs regulating highly connected genes within the ATLL transcriptome. miR-451-3p was the most downregulated miRNA in active patients.
Conclusions
Our findings shed light on the expression of specific sRNAs in HTLV-1 associated ATLL, which may represent promising candidates as biomarkers that help monitor the disease activity.
Clinical Outcome of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers in Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with COVID-19: &nbsp;A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Laurentius Andrea , Mendel Brian , Prakoso Radityo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 has been stated as global disease pandemic due to its rapid spread worldwide. Up to 30% of Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients with hypertension are more susceptible to death. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers has been used as primary line of medication for hypertension; nonetheless, conflicting data arises as numerous studies showed contradictory results. Methods: Aiming to show clinical outcome of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers in hospital treatment of hypertensive patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019, systematically searched literatures through eight databases were intensively appraised using Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklists for cohort studies. Results: Six encompassed studies in this meta-review showed in-hospital hypertensive Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients receiving antihypertensive drugs were associated to overall risk reduction of all-cause mortalities (hazard ratio = 0.54, confidence interval 95% = 0.33 – 0.86). Conclusion: Therefore, the results support recommendation by American Heart Association not to discontinue antihypertension regimens in Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients with hypertension. Further researches are required as that majority of the studies are originated from Asian countries along with comprehensive standardization of baseline characteristics.
Radiological findings in low dose CT for COVID-19 pneumonia in 182 patients: correlation of signs and severity with patient outcome
Authors: Bieb Charlotte M. , Desmet Jeroen N. , Dubbeldam Adriana , Cockmartin MSc Lesley , Coudyzer MSc Walter M , Coolen M.D. Johan , Verschakelen M.D. Johny A , De Wever M.D. Walter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
OBJECTIVESTo characterize CT-findings of COVID-19 pneumonia and their value in diagnosis and outcome prediction.METHODSChest CTs of 182 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 infection by RT-PCR were evaluated for the presence of CT-abnormalities and their frequency. Regarding the patient outcome each patient was categorized in 5 progressive stages and the duration of hospitalization was determined. Regression analysis was performed to find which CT findings are predictive for patient outcome and to assess prognostic factors for the hospitalization duration.RESULTSMultivariate statistical analysis confirmed a higher age (OR= 1.023, p= 0.025), a higher total visual severity score (OR= 1.038, p= 0.002) and the presence of crazy paving (OR= 2.160, p= 0.034) as predictive parameters for patient outcome. A higher total visual severity score (+ 0.134 days; p= 0.012) and the presence of pleural effusion (+ 13.985 days, p= 0.005) were predictive parameters for a longer hospitalization duration.CONCLUSIONSAn increasing percentage of lung opacity as well as the presence of crazy paving and a higher age are associated with a worse patient outcome. The presence of a higher total visual severity score and pleural effusion are significant predictors for a longer hospitalization duration.
Immune checkpoint proteins CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 in melanoma as predictive biomarkers to guide clinical decisions
Authors: Tiemann Markus , Samoilova Vera , Atiakshin Dmitri , Buchwalow Igor 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 are potential targets in cancer immunotherapy. However, to predict patients who are likely to respond to treatment with PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 blockers still remains a challenge. Unfortunately, it is often ignored that CTLA-4 exists also in cells other than lymphocytes. This study aimed to assess the expression and diagnostic significance of predictive biomarkers for melanoma.
Methods

To address this issue, we performed an immunophenotyping of CTLA4/PD1/PD-L1-positive cells in melanoma employing multiple immunofluorescent immunolabeling. For immunolabeling, we used primary antibodies to PD-1 and PD-L1, a panel of anti–CTLA-4 antibodies of different clones and a panel of CD antibodies against diverse cell types (CD1a, CD3, CD8 and CD68).
Results

In contrast to the currently accepted view, immunolabeling with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies of different clones permitted to reveal CTLA-4 in cells other than lymphocytes. CTLA-4 and PD-L1 are both expressed in the tumor microenvironment cells including antigen-presenting cells ÷ macrophages and dendritic cells. PD-1 is expressed solely in T-lymphocytes. CTLA-4 and PD-L1 in melanoma are not expressed in malignant cells.
Conclusion

Accordingly, PD-L1 expression by tumor cells cannot serve as a biomarker of clinical response to checkpoint blockade in melanoma immunotherapy, but PD-L1 and CTLA-4 expressed in the tumor microenvironment cells are valuable biomarkers to guide clinical decisions. The expression of CTLA-4 also in cells other than T-lymphocytes suggests the involvement of this molecule in alternative CTLA-4 signaling pathways together with the well-known classical scheme for the regulation of T-lymphocyte activity.
Comparative Analysis of Genetic Variations in the Nav1.5 Sodium Channel Subunits that Underlie Brugada Syndrome Using Patient-Specific iPSC-CMs
Authors: Zhu Yue , Wang Linlin , Cui Chang , Chen Shaojie , Chen Hongwu , Qin Huiyuan , Lin Yongping , Cheng Hongyi , Jiang Xiaohong , Chen Minglong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that causes a high predisposition to sudden cardiac death. Several genes have been reported to be associated with BrS. Considering that the heterogeneity in clinical manifestations may result from genetic variations, the application of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) may help to reveal cell phenotype characteristics resulting from different genetic backgrounds. The present study was to compare the structural and electrophysiological characteristics of sodium channel subunits with different genetic variations and evaluate the safety of quinidine for use with BrS patient-specific iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.Methods: Two BrS patient-specific iPS cell lines were constructed that carried missense mutations in SCN5A and SCN1B. One iPS cell line from a healthy volunteer was used as a control. The differentiated cardiomyocytes from the three groups were evaluated by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, electron microscopy, as well as calcium transient and patch clamp analyses to assess different pathological phenotypes. Finally, we evaluated the drug responses to varying concentrations of quinidine by measuring the action potential.Results: Compared to the control group, BrS-CMs showed a significant reduction in sodium current, prolonged action potential duration and varying degrees of decreased Vmax, but no structural difference was observed. After applying different concentrations of quinidine, the disease-specific groups and the control group had a downward trend in maximal upstroke velocity, resting membrane potential and action potential amplitude, and exhibited prolonged action potential duration without increasing incidence of arrhythmic events.Conclusion: Both patient-specific iPSC-CMs recapitulated the BrS phenotype at the cellular level. Although the SCN5A variation led to a markedly lower sodium current than what was observed with the SCN1B variation, their responses to quinidine were quite similar. The present study provides an advantageous platform for exploring disease mechanisms and evaluating drug safety in vitro.
Hypoxia-Preconditioned Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Combined with Scaffold Promote Urethral Reconstruction by Up-Regulation of Angiogenesis and Glycolysis
Authors: Wan Xiang , Xie Min-kai , Xu Huan , Wei Zi-wei , Yao Hai-jun , Wang Zhong , Zheng Da-chao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rationale: Tissue engineering is a promising alternative for urethral reconstruction, and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are widely used as seeding cells. Hypoxia preconditioning can significantly enhance the therapeutic effects of ADSCs. The low oxygen tension of postoperative wound healing is inevitable and may facilitate the nutritional function of ADSCs. This study aimed to investigate if hypoxia preconditioned ADSCs, compared to normxia preconditioned ADSCs, combined with scaffold could better promote urethral reconstruction and exploring the underlying mechanism.Methods: In vitro, paracrine cytokines and secretomes that were secreted by hypoxia- or normoxia-preconditioned ADSCs were added to cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to measure their functions. In vivo, hypoxia- or normoxia-preconditioned ADSCs were seeded on a porous nanofibrous scaffold for urethral repair on a defect model in rabbits.Results: The in vitro results showed that hypoxia could enhance the secretion of VEGFA by ADSCs, and hypoxia-preconditioned ADSCs could enhance the viability, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and glycolysis of HUVECs (p < 0.05). After silencing VEGFA, angiogenesis and glycolysis were significantly inhibited (p < 0.05). The in vivo results showed that compared to normoxia-preconditioned ADSCs, hypoxia-preconditioned ADSCs combined with scaffolds led to a larger urethral lumen diameter, preserved urethral morphology and enhanced angiogenesis (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Hypoxia preconditioning of ADSCs combined with scaffold could better promote urethral reconstruction by upregulating angiogenesis and glycolysis. Hypoxia-preconditioned ADSCs combined with novel scaffold may provide a promising alternative treatment for urethral reconstruction.