bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of Nongyrotropic Electron Distribution Across the Electron Diffusion Region in the Magnetotail Reconnection
Authors: Li Xinmin , Wang Rongsheng , Lu Quanming , Hwang Kyoung‐Joo , Zong Qiugang , Russell Christopher T. , Wang Shui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing measurements by the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in the magnetotail, we studied electron distribution functions across an electron diffusion region. The dependence of the nongyrotropic distribution on the energy and vertical distance from the electron diffusion region midplane was revealed for the first time. The nongyrotropic distribution was observed everywhere except for an extremely narrow layer right at the electron diffusion region midplane. The energy of the nongyrotropic distribution increased with growth of the vertical distance from the midplane. For the electrons within certain energy range, they exhibited the nongyrotropic distribution at the distance further away from the midplane than that expected from the meandering motion. The correlation between the crescent‐shaped distribution with multiple stripes and the large Hall electric field was established. It appears that the measured nongyrotropic distribution and the crescent‐shaped distribution were caused by the meandering motion and the Hall electric field together.
Paleogene Marine and Terrestrial Development of the West Antarctic Rift System
Authors: Coenen J. J. , Scherer R. P. , Baudoin P. , Warny S. , Castañeda I. S. , Askin R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractModeling the early development of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) hinges on the configuration and evolution of Paleogene terrestrial landscapes associated with the West Antarctic Rift System. A widely applied but previously untested paleotopographic reconstruction for the Eocene/Oligocene boundary suggests that much of central West Antarctica was as much as 1,000 m above sea level at that time, constituting a key nucleating site for an early WAIS. Here we show that Paleogene age marine and terrestrial microfossil assemblages and biomarkers in sediments recovered from beneath the WAIS provide direct evidence contrary to this widely utilized “maximum” paleotopographic reconstruction. These new constraints call for significantly modified tectonic and ice sheet model parameterization and also provide insights into modern differential uplift across the West Antarctic Rift System.
Different Influences of Mesoscale Oceanic Eddies on the North Pacific Subsurface Low Potential Vorticity Water Mass Between Winter and Summer
Authors: Wen Zhibin , Hu Haibo , Song Zhenya , Bai Haokun , Wang Ziyi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe generation and dissipation of North Pacific subsurface low potential vorticity water mass (SLPVW) affect various ocean‐atmosphere dynamic and thermodynamic processes on a wide range of time scales. Mesoscale oceanic eddies are believed to play an important role in the variation of SLPVW. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/NCEP‐Climate Forecast System Reanalysis coupled data set during 1979–2010 has been analyzed to investigate the different influences of mesoscale oceanic eddies on the SLPVW between winter and summer. It is found that the correlation between the sea surface height and SLPVW volume in winter is positive on the north of 30°N but negative on the south of 30°N, which is mainly caused by the eddy vorticity strength. The negative correlation value region has more strong anticyclones than the positive correlation value region, so the mixed layer depth in the negative (positive) correlation value region tends to be deeper (shallower) caused by stronger (weaker) anticyclones, which leads to the decreasing (increasing) of the low PV water mass under mixed layer depth (namely, SLPVW). Eddies also have obvious impacts on the subduction rate. The climatological eddy subduction rate can reach to 1.88 Sv in the NCEP‐Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, which accounts for 36.4% of the total subduction rate. In summer, the correlation between the sea surface height and SLPVW volume is remarkably negative. It is found that water diverges (converges) in the composite anticyclone (cyclone), which leads to the increasing (decreasing) of PV value in the composite anticyclone (cyclone), finally accelerates (hinders) the dissipation of SLPVW.
Eddy‐Induced Chlorophyll Anomalies in the Western South China Sea
Authors: He Qingyou , Zhan Haigang , Xu Jie , Cai Shuqun , Zhan Weikang , Zhou Linbin , Zha Guozhen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe western South China Sea (WSCS) exhibits intense mesoscale eddy activity, especially in summer. However, the influence of the eddies on regional ecosystems is not well understood. By analyzing historical in situ observations, satellite‐derived near‐surface chlorophyll (CHL) data and eddy data, we investigated the composite response of CHL to eddies in the WSCS. The results show that eddies decrease CHL in the WSCS and that nearly half of this decrease is attributed to the activity of anticyclonic eddies during summer when they are much more energetic than cyclonic eddies. A comparison between local and nonlocal eddies suggests that the CHL response to the eddies is dominated by local dynamics rather than being trapped and transported from neighboring regions. In situ observations provide evidence that intense convergence and downwelling in anticyclonic eddies deepen the mixed layer depth and subsurface CHL maximum depth. The decreased nutrients in the euphotic layer inhibits the growth of phytoplankton, resulting in a weakened subsurface CHL maximum (by 54%) and decreased CHL in the entire euphotic layer (by 41% for the upper 100 m). Considering the greater number and area of anticyclonic eddies compared with cyclonic eddies, eddy activity might cause an upper ocean CHL decrease of ~7% in the WSCS in summer. This study demonstrated that the response of CHL to eddies in the WSCS differs in both spatial distribution and seasonal variation from those in other subregions of the SCS, emphasizing the importance of considering regional variability in eddies and large‐scale environments when evaluating the biogeochemical influences of eddies.
High‐Frequency Tide‐Surge‐River Interaction in Estuaries: Causes and Implications for Coastal Flooding
Authors: Spicer Preston , Huguenard Kimberly , Ross Lauren , Rickard Laura N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTide‐surge interaction creates perturbations to storm surge at tidal frequencies and can affect the timing and magnitude of surge in tidally energetic regions. To date, limited research has identified high‐frequency tide‐surge interaction (>4 cycles per day) in coastal areas, and its significance in fluvial estuaries (where we consider it tide‐surge‐river interaction) is not well documented. Water level and current velocity observations were used to analyze tide‐surge‐river interaction at multiple tidal and overtide frequencies inside of a shallow estuary. Near the head of the estuary, higher frequency harmonics dominate tide‐surge‐river interaction and produce amplitudes more than double that of wind and pressure‐driven surge. Bottom friction enhanced by storm‐induced currents is the primary mechanism behind the interaction, which is further amplified by within‐estuary resonance. High‐frequency tide‐surge‐river interactions in estuaries present a significant threat to human life, as the onset of flooding (in <1.5 hr) is more rapid than coastal storm surge flooding. Commonly used storm surge forecasting models neglect high‐frequency tide‐surge‐river interaction and thus can markedly underestimate the magnitude and timing of inland storm surge flooding.
Enhanced Light‐Absorption of Black Carbon in Rainwater Compared With Aerosols Over the Northern Indian Ocean
Authors: Budhavant Krishnakant , Andersson August , Holmstrand Henry , Bikkina Poonam , Bikkina Srinivas , Satheesh S. K. , Gustafsson Örjan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBlack carbon (BC) aerosols affect climate, especially in high aerosol loading regions such as South Asia. A key uncertainty for the climate effects of BC is the evolution of light‐absorbing properties in the atmosphere. Here, we present a year‐round comparison of the mass absorption cross section (MAC; 678 nm) of BC in air (PM10) and rain, for samples collected at the Maldives Climate Observatory at Hanimaadhoo. We develop a filter‐loading correction scheme for estimating BC absorption on filters used in high‐volume samplers. The year‐round average MAC678 of BC in the rain is almost twice (13.3 ± 4.2 m2/g) compared to the PM10 aerosol (7.2 ± 2.6 m2/g). A possible explanation is the elevated ratio of organic carbon (OC) to BC observed in rain particulate matter (9.4 ± 6.3) compared to in the aerosols (OC/BC 2.6 ± 1.4 and water‐insoluble organic carbon/BC 1.2 ± 0.8), indicating a coating‐enhancement effect. In addition to BC, we also investigated the MAC365 of water‐soluble brown carbon in PM10 (0.4 ± 0.4 m2/g, at 365 nm). In contrast to BC, MAC365brown carbon relates to air mass history, showing higher values for samples from air originating over the South Asian landmass. Furthermore, calculated washout ratios are much lower for BC compared to OC and inorganic ions such as sulfate, implying a longer atmospheric lifetime for BC. The wet deposition flux for BC during the high loading winter was 3 times higher than during the wet summer, despite much less precipitation in the winter.
Inertial Effects During the Process of Supercritical CO2 Displacing Brine in a Sandstone: Lattice Boltzmann Simulations Based on the Continuum‐Surface‐Force and Geometrical Wetting Models
Authors: Chen Yu , Valocchi Albert J. , Kang Qinjun , Viswanathan Hari S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInertial effects during the process of supercritical CO2 displacing brine in porous media may not be negligible according to recent studies. Capturing the inertial effects of the physical CO2‐brine system imposes a requirement on the grid resolution and viscosity to surface tension ratio for pore‐scale simulations, which some commonly used simulators may not be able to meet. To fulfill the parameter requirement, we combine the continuum‐surface‐force based color‐gradient lattice Boltzmann (LB) multiphase model and the geometrical wetting model and extend the model to 3D under the multiple‐relaxation‐time framework. We validate the model via simple benchmarks which show significant improvement over the traditional models. We then perform 3D drainage simulations in a heterogeneous micromodel where the simulation result agrees well with experimental data, while our previous work fails to reproduce certain displacement patterns in the experiment due to the use of a traditional LB model that cannot fulfill the parameter requirement. Finally, we perform high‐fidelity 3D drainage simulations to study the inertial effects in a Bentheimer sandstone sample. Our results show that stronger inertial effects generally help develop more CO2 flow pathways for the same capillary number which results in higher CO2 saturation, consistent with the micromodel results. The phenomena can be found in both low and high capillary number cases, indicating that the inertial effects are not dependent on the mean velocity. In addition, the change of the invasion patterns is not proportional to the change of inertial effects, thus exhibiting threshold behavior.
Syncope as a sign of occult cancers: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Lorenzen Mads Okkels Birk , Farkas Dóra Körmendiné , Adelborg Kasper , Sundbøll Jens , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
We examined if syncope was a marker of an occult cancer by comparing the risk in patients with a syncope episode with that of the general population.

Methods
Using Danish population-based medical registries, we identified all patients diagnosed with syncope during 1994–2013 and followed them until a cancer diagnosis, emigration, death or end of follow-up, whichever came first. We computed cumulative risks and standardised incidence ratios (SIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
Among 208,361 patients with syncope, 20,278 subsequent cancers were observed. The 6-month cumulative risk of any cancer was 1.2%, increasing to 17.9 % for 1–20 years of follow-up. The highest cumulative risks after 6 months of follow-up were lung cancer (0.2%), colorectal cancer (0.2%), prostate cancer (0.1%) and brain cancer (0.1%). The 6-month SIR were 2.7 (95% CI: 2.4–3.0) for lung cancer, 2.0 (95% CI: 1.8–2.2) for colorectal cancer, 1.7 (95% CI: 1.5–1.9) for prostate cancer and 10.0 (95% CI: 8.6–11.4) for brain cancer.

Conclusions
Syncope was a weak marker of an occult cancer. In short-term the highest cumulative risks were observed for lung, colorectal, prostate and brain cancers. An aggressive search for occult cancer in a patient with syncope is probably not warranted.
Development of PancRISK, a urine biomarker-based risk score for stratified screening of pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Blyuss Oleg , Zaikin Alexey , Cherepanova Valeriia , Munblit Daniel , Kiseleva Elena M. , Prytomanova Olga M. , Duffy Stephen W. , Crnogorac-Jurcevic Tatjana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
An accurate and simple risk prediction model that would facilitate earlier detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not available at present. In this study, we compare different algorithms of risk prediction in order to select the best one for constructing a biomarker-based risk score, PancRISK.

Methods
Three hundred and seventy-nine patients with available measurements of three urine biomarkers, (LYVE1, REG1B and TFF1) using retrospectively collected samples, as well as creatinine and age, were randomly split into training and validation sets, following stratification into cases (PDAC) and controls (healthy patients). Several machine learning algorithms were used, and their performance characteristics were compared. The latter included AUC (area under ROC curve) and sensitivity at clinically relevant specificity.

Results
None of the algorithms significantly outperformed all others. A logistic regression model, the easiest to interpret, was incorporated into a PancRISK score and subsequently evaluated on the whole data set. The PancRISK performance could be even further improved when CA19-9, commonly used PDAC biomarker, is added to the model.

Conclusion
PancRISK score enables easy interpretation of the biomarker panel data and is currently being tested to confirm that it can be used for stratification of patients at risk of developing pancreatic cancer completely non-invasively, using urine samples.
Drug responses are conserved across patient-derived xenograft models of melanoma leading to identification of novel drug combination therapies
Authors: Ice Ryan J. , Chen Michelle , Sidorov Max , Le Ho Tam , Woo Rinette W. L. , Rodriguez-Brotons Aida , Luu Tri , Jian Damon , Kim Kevin B. , Leong Stanley P. , Kim HanKyul , Kim Angela , Stone Des , Nazarian Ari , Oh Alyssia , Tranah Gregory J. , Nosrati Mehdi , de Semir David , Dar Altaf A. , Chang Stephen , Desprez Pierre-Yves , Kashani-Sabet Mohammed , Soroceanu Liliana , McAllister Sean D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse tumour models can predict response to therapy in patients. Predictions made from PDX cultures (PDXC) would allow for more rapid and comprehensive evaluation of potential treatment options for patients, including drug combinations.

Methods
We developed a PDX library of BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma, and a high-throughput drug-screening (HTDS) platform utilising clinically relevant drug exposures. We then evaluated 34 antitumor agents across eight melanoma PDXCs, compared drug response to BRAF and MEK inhibitors alone or in combination with PDXC and the corresponding PDX, and investigated novel drug combinations targeting BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma.

Results
The concordance of cancer-driving mutations across patient, matched PDX and subsequent PDX generations increases as variant allele frequency (VAF) increases. There was a high correlation in the magnitude of response to BRAF and MEK inhibitors between PDXCs and corresponding PDXs. PDXCs and corresponding PDXs from metastatic melanoma patients that progressed on standard-of-care therapy demonstrated similar resistance patterns to BRAF and MEK inhibitor therapy. Importantly, HTDS identified novel drug combinations to target BRAF-resistant melanoma.

Conclusions
The biological consistency observed between PDXCs and PDXs suggests that PDXCs may allow for a rapid and comprehensive identification of treatments for aggressive cancers, including combination therapies.
TIPRL potentiates survival of lung cancer by inducing autophagy through the eIF2α-ATF4 pathway
Authors: Jeon Su-Jin , Ahn Jun-Ho , Halder Debasish , Cho Hyun-Soo , Lim Jung-Hwa , Jun Soo Young , Lee Jeong-Ju , Yoon Ji-Yong , Choi Min-Hyuk , Jung Cho-Rok , Kim Jin-Man , Kim Nam-Soon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAutophagy, an intracellular system of degrading damaged organelles and misfolded proteins, is essential for cancer cell survival. Despite the progress made towards understanding the mechanism, identification of novel autophagy regulators presents a major obstacle in developing anticancer therapies. Here, we examine the association between the TOR signaling pathway regulator-like (TIPRL) protein and autophagy in malignant transformation of tumors. We show that TIPRL upregulation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) potentiated autophagy activity and enabled autophagic clearance of metabolic and cellular stress, conferring a survival advantage to cancer cells. Importantly, the interaction of TIPRL with eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) led to eIF2α phosphorylation and activation of the eIF2α-ATF4 pathway, thereby inducing autophagy. Conversely, TIPRL depletion increased apoptosis by reducing autophagic clearance, which was markedly enhanced in TIPRL-depleted A549 xenografts treated with 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Overall, the study indicated that TIPRL is a potential regulator of autophagy and an important drug target for lung cancer therapy.
Biosynthetic CircRNA_001160 induced by PTBP1 regulates the permeability of BTB via the CircRNA_001160/miR-195-5p/ETV1 axis
Authors: Li Hua , Shen Shuyuan , Ruan Xuelei , Liu Xiaobai , Zheng Jian , Liu Yunhui , Yang Chunqing , Wang Di , Liu Libo , Ma Jun , Ma Teng , Wang Ping , Cai Heng , Li Zhen , Zhao Lini , Xue Yixue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe presence of the blood-tumor barrier (BTB) severely impedes the transport of anti-neoplasm drugs to the central nervous system, affecting the therapeutic effects of glioma. Glioma endothelial cells (GECs) are the main structural basis of the BTB. Circular RNA is considered to be an important regulator of endothelial cell growth. In this study, we found that polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) and circRNA_001160 were remarkably upregulated in GECs. Knockdown of PTBP1 or circRNA_001160 significantly increased BTB permeability, respectively. As a molecular sponge of miR-195-5p, circRNA_001160 attenuated its negative regulation of the target gene ETV1 by adsorbing miR-195-5p. In addition, ETV1 was overexpression in GECs. ETV1 bounded to the promoter regions of tight junction-related proteins and increased the promoter activities, which significantly promoted the expression levels of tight junction-related proteins. The present study showed that the combined application of PTBP1, circRNA_001160, and miR-195-5p with the anti-tumor drug Dox effectively promoted Dox through BTB and extremely induced the apoptosis of glioma cells. Our results demonstrated that the PTBP1/circRNA_001160/miR-195-5p/ETV1 axis was critical in the regulation of BTB permeability and provided new targets for the treatment of glioma.
Inhibition of AIM2 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by Andrographolide contributes to amelioration of radiation-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis
Authors: Gao Jian , Peng Shuang , Shan Xinni , Deng Guoliang , Shen Lihong , Sun Jian , Jiang Chunhong , Yang Xiaoling , Chang Zhigang , Sun Xinchen , Feng Fude , Kong Lingdong , Gu Yanhong , Guo Wenjie , Xu Qiang , Sun Yang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRadiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is one of the most common and fatal complications of thoracic radiotherapy, whereas no effective interventions are available. Andrographolide, an active component extracted from Andrographis paniculate, is prescribed as a treatment for upper respiratory tract infection. Here we report the potential radioprotective effect and mechanism of Andrographolide on RILI. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 18 Gy of whole thorax irradiation, followed by intraperitoneal injection of Andrographolide every other day for 4 weeks. Andrographolide significantly ameliorated radiation-induced lung tissue damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the early phase and progressive fibrosis in the late phase. Moreover, Andrographolide markedly hampered radiation-induced activation of the AIM2 inflammasome and pyroptosis in vivo. Furthermore, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were exposed to 8 Gy of X-ray radiation in vitro and Andrographolide significantly inhibited AIM2 inflammasome mediated-pyroptosis in BMDMs. Mechanistically, Andrographolide effectively prevented AIM2 from translocating into the nucleus to sense DNA damage induced by radiation or chemotherapeutic agents in BMDMs. Taken together, Andrographolide ameliorates RILI by suppressing AIM2 inflammasome mediated-pyroptosis in macrophage, identifying Andrographolide as a novel potential protective agent for RILI.
Adhesive liposomes loaded onto an injectable, self-healing and antibacterial hydrogel for promoting bone reconstruction
Authors: Liu Lili , Xiang Yi , Wang Zhen , Yang Xiaonan , Yu Xiaohua , Lu Yong , Deng Lianfu , Cui Wenguo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLoading hydrogels with bioactive agents is an important method for expanding the functional application of hydrogels. However, how to improve the local administration and slow release of drugs from a hydrogel is a challenge when using hydrogels loaded with drugs. In this paper, we first developed adhesive liposomes (A-LIP) loaded with BMP-2. Then, we incorporated the A-LIP into PEG hydrogels based on the coordinated cross-linking principle of SH-PEG and Ag+, fabricating an injectable, antibacterial and self-healing multifunctional drug delivery system. The adhesive lipo-hydrogel (A-LIP-PEG) fabricated by mixing PEG hydrogels and adhesive liposomes can be locally injected into an osteoporotic fracture and bone marrow cavity, where A-LIP-PEG can release adhesive liposomes that adhere to the bone injury area and promote bone reconstruction. Based on the principle of electrostatic attraction, tissue nonspecific A-LIP were fabricated by grafting octadecylamine onto liposomes. Because of the coordination and cross-linking of thiolated polyethylene (SH-PEG) and Ag+, the A-LIP-PEG showed excellent injectability and self-healing properties; further, because of the presence of Ag+, the A-LIP-PEG showed effective inhibition of S. aureus and Escherichia coli. The liposomes released by the A-LIP-PEG were able to adhere to tissue. In vitro studies showed that A-LIP-PEG significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation and had no significant effect on cell proliferation. Compared with common lipo-hydrogel (LIP-PEG), the A-LIP-PEG had better tissue adhesion in vivo, which led to better osteogenic differentiation and faster local bone remodeling of osteoporotic fractures in rats. This research developed a novel hydrogel system with adhesive liposomes to expand the application of hydrogels.