bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation improves the long-term functional status of geriatric hip-fracture patients
Authors: Pfeufer Daniel , Kammerlander Christian , Stadler Christian , Roth Tobias , Blauth Michael , Neuerburg Carl , Böcker Wolfgang , Zeckey Christian , Lechleitner Monika , Gosch Markus 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
As the world population ages, the number of hip-related fractures in the elderly is steadily increasing. These fractures generate a major worldwide healthcare problem and frequently lead to deterioration of life quality, mobility and independence in activity of daily life of geriatric patients. At present, many studies have investigated and proved benefits of multidisciplinary orthogeriatric care for elderly hip-fracture patients. Only few studies however, have analyzed treatment concepts for those patients directly following discharge from hospital in specialized rehabilitation centers. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of a multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation on the short- and long-term functional status of geriatric patients who suffered from hip fracture.

Methods
A total of 161 hip-fracture patients aged 80 years and above, or additionally 70 years and above suffering from age-typical multimorbidity were included in this study. Patients who had an initial Barthel Index lower than 30 points were excluded from this study, as most of these patients were not able to attend a therapy at the rehabilitation center due to a poor functional status. The patients were separated into two subgroups dependent on the availability of treatment spots at the rehabilitation center. No other item was used to discriminate between the groups. Group A (n = 95) stayed an average of 21 days at an inpatient rehabilitation center that specialized in geriatric patients. Group B (n = 66) underwent the standard postoperative treatment and were sent home with further treatment by their general practitioner, nursing staff and physiotherapists. To evaluate the patients’ functional status over the course of time we used the Barthel Index, which was evaluated for every patient on the day of discharge, as well as during checkups after 3, 6 and 12 months.

Results
The average Barthel Index at the day of discharge was 57.79 ± 14.92 points for Group A and 56.82 ± 18.76 points for Group B (p = 0.431). After 3 months, the average Barthel Index was 82.43 points for Group A and 73.11 points for group B (p = 0.005). In the 6-month checkup Group A’s average Barthel Index was 83.95 points and Group B’s was 74.02 points (p = 0.002). After 12 months, patients from Group A had an average Barthel Index of 81.21 while patients from Group B had an average Barthel Index of 69.85 (p = 0.005).

Conclusion
The results of this study reveal a significantly better outcome concerning both, short-term and long-term functional status after 3, 6 and 12 months for geriatric hip-fracture patients, who underwent an inpatient treatment in a rehabilitation center following the initial therapy.
Fatal case of newborn Lassa fever virus infection mimicking late onset neonatal sepsis: a case report from northern Nigeria
Authors: Ogunkunle Taofik Oluwaseun , Bello Surajudeen Oyeleke , Anderson Chinwe Immaculata , Musa Rashida , Olaosebikan Rasaq , Imam Abdulazeez 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Lassa fever is a zoonotic viral infection endemic to the West Africa countries. It is highly fatal during pregnancy and as such reports of neonatal onset Lassa fever infections are rare in scientific literature. We report a fatal case of Lassa fever in a 26-day-old neonate mimicking the diagnosis of late-onset neonatal sepsis.

Case presentation
The patient is a 26-day-old neonate who was admitted with a day history of fever, poor feeding, pre-auricular lymphadenopathy and sudden parental death. He was initially evaluated for late onset neonatal sepsis. He later developed abnormal bleeding and multiple convulsions while on admission, prompting the need to evaluate for Lassa fever using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). He died 31 h into admission and RT-PCR result was positive for Lassa fever.

Conclusions
Neonatal Lassa fever infection is highly fatal and can mimic neonatal sepsis. High index of suspicion is needed particularly for atypical presentations of neonatal sepsis in Lassa fever endemic areas.
Temporal trends in areas at risk for concomitant tuberculosis in a hyperendemic municipality in the Amazon region of Brazil
Authors: Bruce Alexandre Tadashi Inomata , Berra Thais Zamboni , dos Santos Felipe Lima , Alves Yan Mathias , Souza Ludmilla Leidianne Limirio , Ramos Antônio Carlos Vieira , Arroyo Luiz Henrique , de Almeida Crispim Juliane , Pinto Ione Carvalho , Palha Pedro Fredemir , Monroe Aline Aparecida , Yamamura Mellina , Fiorati Regina Célia , Moncaio Ana Carolina Scarpel , de Oliveira Gomes Dulce Maria , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Although preventable and curable, tuberculosis (TB) still occurs in poor or developing countries, mainly in metropolitan regions of larger cities. The disease is a serious public health problem, and is directly linked to social issues. We analyzed temporal trend variations in areas at risk for concomitant TB, and characterized the clinical and epidemiological profiles of cases in a hyperendemic municipality in the Amazon region of Brazil.

Methods
This ecological study was performed in the municipality of Manaus, in northern Brazil. The population comprised cases with concomitant pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB, registered on the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018. For risk cluster detection, spatial and spatiotemporal scanning statistical techniques were used. The Spatial Variation in Temporal Trends (SVTT) approach was used to detect and infer clusters for significantly different time trends.

Results
Between 2009 and 2018, 873 concomitant TB cases were registered in Manaus. By using purely spatial scanning statistics, we identified two risk clusters. The relative risk (RR) of the clusters was 2.21 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.57–2.88; P = 0.0031) and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.58–2.58; P = 0.0029). Using space-time scanning, we identified a risk cluster with an RR of 3.57 (95% CI: 2.84–4.41; P = 0.014), between 2017 and 2018. For SVTT analyses, three clusters with spatial variations were detected in the significant temporal trends: SVTT 1 (P = 0.042), SVTT 2 (P = 0.046) and SVTT 3 (P = 0.036).

Conclusions
In Brazil, several TB-determining factors such as race/color, gender, low educational level and low income overlap in needy urban areas and communities, demonstrating that it is unlikely to reach the goals, agreed and launched with the END TB Strategy within the deadlines of international agreements, if there is no reduction in existing inequities determinants and risk of illness in the country.
The BONEBRIDGE active transcutaneous bone conduction implant: Effects of location, lifts and screws on sound transmission
Authors: Rohani Seyed Alireza , Bartling Mandolin Li , Ladak Hanif M. , Agrawal Sumit K. 
Published: August 2020

Background The BONEBRIDGE (MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria) is a bone-conduction implant used in the treatment of conductive and mixed hearing loss. The BONEBRIDGE consists of an external audio processor and a bone-conduction floating mass transducer that is surgically implanted into the skull in either the transmastoid, retrosigmoid or middle fossa regions. The manufacturer includes self-tapping screws to secure the transducer; however, self-drilling screws have also been used with success. In cases where the skull is not thick enough to house the transducer, lifts are available in a variety of sizes to elevate the transducer away from the skull. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of screw type, lift thickness, and implant location on the sound transmission of the BONEBRIDGE. Method Six cadaveric temporal bones were embalmed and dried for use in this study. In each sample, a hole was drilled in each of the three implant locations to house the implant transducer. At the middle fossa, six pairs of screw holes were pre-drilled; four pairs to be used with self-tapping screws and lifts (1, 2, 3, and 4 mm thick lifts, respectively), one pair with self-tapping screws and no lifts, and one pair with self-drilling screws and no lifts. At the transmastoid and retrosigmoid locations, one pair of screw holes were pre-drilled in each for the use of the self-tapping screws. The vibration of transmitted sound to the cochlea was measured using a laser Doppler vibrometry technique. The measurements were performed on the cochlear promontory at eight discrete frequencies (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz). Vibration velocity of the cochlear wall was measured in all samples. Measurements were analyzed using a single-factor ANOVA to investigate the effect of each modification. Results No significant differences were found related to either screw type, lift thickness, or implant location. Conclusions This is the first known study to evaluate the effect of screw type, lift thickness, and implant location on the sound transmission produced by the BONEBRIDGE bone-conduction implant. Further studies may benefit from analysis using fresh cadaveric samples or in-vivo measurements.
P53 aggregation, interactions with tau, and impaired DNA damage response in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Farmer Kathleen M. , Ghag Gaurav , Puangmalai Nicha , Montalbano Mauro , Bhatt Nemil , Kayed Rakez 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe transcription factor, p53, is critical for many important cellular functions involved in genome integrity, including cell cycle control, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. Disruption of p53 results in a wide range of disorders including cancer, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by protein aggregates that contribute to disease pathology. Although p53 is known to aggregate, its propensity to aggregate in AD has never been assessed. Moreover, AD neuropathology includes lethal cell cycle re-entry, excessive DNA damage, and abnormal cell death which are all controlled by p53. Here, we show p53 forms oligomers and fibrils in human AD brain, but not control brain. p53 oligomers can also be detected in htau and P301L mouse models. Additionally, we demonstrate that p53 interacts with tau, specifically tau oligomers, in AD brain and can be recapitulated by in vitro exogenous tau oligomer treatment in C57BL/6 primary neurons. p53 oligomers also colocalize, potentially seeding, endogenous p53 in primary neurons. Lastly, we demonstrate that in the presence of DNA damage, phosphorylated p53 is mislocalized outside the nucleus and p53-mediated DNA damage responders are significantly decreased in AD brain. Control brain shows a healthy DNA damage response, indicating a loss of nuclear p53 function in AD may be due to p53 aggregation and/or interactions with tau oligomers. Given the critical role of p53 in cellular physiology, the disruption of this crucial transcription factor may set an irreversible course towards neurodegeneration in AD and potentially other tauopathies, warranting further investigation.
Antimicrobial activity of some plant essential oils and an antimicrobial-peptide against some clinically isolated pathogens
Authors: Tanhaeian Abbas , Sekhavati Mohammad Hadi , Moghaddam Mohammad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Essential oils and antimicrobial peptides are two well-known safe and natural products that have been considered as alternatives to antibiotics. In the present study, the antibacterial activity of four plant essential oils and one lactoferrin-derived peptide was investigated.

Results
The chemical profile of each essential oil was determined by GC and GC–MS. Antimicrobial activity was shown against seven clinically isolated veterinary pathogens. MIC and MBC assessment of the essential oils and cLFchimera exhibited different antibacterial properties (MIC from a range of 62.5 to 500 µg/mL and 3.5 to 39.0 µg/mL for essential oils and cLFchimera, respectively). Compared to the essential oils, cLFchimera showed more significant antibacterial activity. Among the essential oils, Vitex agnus-castus and Salvia officinalis showed relatively better antibacterial activity.

Conclusions
The in vitro results reported here suggested that, for animals suffering from these pathogens, cLFchimera and the essential oils particularly Vitex agnus-castus could be considered as potential antimicrobial agents.
The association between family cohesion and disability following blunt trauma: findings from a level-I trauma center in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almarwani Sarah Mohammed , Hijazi Leen Omar , Alamer Modhi Abdullah , Alnwaiser Jury Muhanad , Aldakheel Reem Abdullah , Alsheikh Khalid , Albabtain Ibrahim , Alghnam Suliman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Injuries pose a significant burden on population health of Saudi Arabia. Even in nonfatal injuries, the burden varies from temporary to permanent disabilities. Health outcomes following injuries can vary, and predictors of recovery from disability are not well understood. In the Kingdom, family values and cohesion can differ from other countries due to several factors, including religious beliefs and cultural traditions. Learning about predictors of injury recovery can improve prevention as well as planning for rehabilitation programs. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate the association between family cohesion and recovery following blunt injuries.

Methods
This prospective study included 249 patients who were hospitalized for at least 1 day following blunt trauma in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh. Adult patients were interviewed twice: initially during admission, and a second interview via the phone 3 months after discharge. Baseline information included: demographics, injury characteristics, the five dimensions EQ-5D and family support scale. The follow-up interview captured only EQ-5D. Suboptimal family cohesion was defined as any issue with the relationship with parents, spouse, or siblings. Any disability was defined as a reported limitation in one or more domains of the EQ-5D scale. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between family cohesion and recovery at 3 months.

Results
Of the overall sample, 169 (67.8%) responded to the second interview, and three patients passed away. About 95.2% of patients reported disabilities at baseline, while 88.1% continued to report disabilities after 3 months. Forty patients (16.1%) reported suboptimal family cohesion. Of these patients, 37(94.87%) were in pain, 33(82.5%) reported problems with usual activities, 32(80%) faced problems with self-care, 32 (80%) patients had difficulty in mobility, and 23(57.5%) were depressed. Multivariable regression suggested that patients with suboptimal family cohesion were less likely to recover from disabilities.

Conclusion
The prevalence of any disability 3 months after discharge is striking. This study suggests that health outcomes after blunt trauma are affected by the strength of the patient’s family cohesion. More research is needed to identify effective ways through which the provision of social support can reduce short term disability after trauma.
ELT teachers’ epistemological beliefs and dominant teaching style: a mixed method research
Authors: Soleimani Neda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite voluminous studies into teachers’ cognition and the role of teachers’ beliefs in their practices, not many studies have addressed the impact of teachers’ epistemological beliefs (EB, beliefs about the source of knowledge) on their teaching styles. In this study, a mixed design research method was adopted to show English language teachers’ epistemological beliefs, teaching styles and possible relationships between EB and teaching styles. To do this, a sample of 200 EFL teachers participated in the quantitative phase of the study to fill out the teaching style inventory (Grasha, Teaching with style, 2002) and epistemological beliefs scale (Chan and Elliott, Teaching and Teacher Education 20:817–831, 2004). In qualitative phase, 20 participants of this sample volunteered to attend the semi-structured interviews. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses indicated that facilitator style is the dominant style of teaching and learners should not assume teachers as mere source of knowledge and should use different resources to learn the language. Regression analyses and interview results showed that EFL teachers teaching style is informed by their EB. Implication and limitation of the research were discussed in detail in the paper.
First record of the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas (Thunberg, 1793) in the Baltic Sea proper
Authors: Ewers-Saucedo Christine , Heuer Nele , Moesges Zoe , Ovenbeck Kira , Schröter Nicole , Brandis Dirk 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince its introduction in the 1960’s for aquaculture, the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas (Thunberg, 1793) has successfully spread along almost all European coasts with far-reaching consequences for marine ecosystems. Up to now, it has not been recorded from the Baltic Sea proper. This was considered a consequence of the low salinity conditions, which are not suitable for larval development. Here we report our first records of Pacific oysters in the German Baltic Sea, specifically in the Kiel Bight. We confirmed their species identification by genetic barcoding. We suggest that Pacific oysters were able to settle in the Baltic Sea proper due to unusually high salinities that prevailed since the summer of 2018. Should these conditions occur more frequently in the future, or M. gigas be able to adapt to lower salinities, oysters may become established in the Baltic Sea proper.
Using deep learning to solve computer security challenges: a survey
Authors: Choi Yoon-Ho , Liu Peng , Shang Zitong , Wang Haizhou , Wang Zhilong , Zhang Lan , Zhou Junwei , Zou Qingtian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough using machine learning techniques to solve computer security challenges is not a new idea, the rapidly emerging Deep Learning technology has recently triggered a substantial amount of interests in the computer security community. This paper seeks to provide a dedicated review of the very recent research works on using Deep Learning techniques to solve computer security challenges. In particular, the review covers eight computer security problems being solved by applications of Deep Learning: security-oriented program analysis, defending return-oriented programming (ROP) attacks, achieving control-flow integrity (CFI), defending network attacks, malware classification, system-event-based anomaly detection, memory forensics, and fuzzing for software security.
Assessment of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene polymorphisms and their correlation with multiple sclerosis: a case-control study in a sample of the Syrian population
Authors: Alhomsi Bushra , Aboualchamat Ghalia , Alkadi Imad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D deficiency is a major health concern as it increases the risk of developing many serious diseases. Recently, the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and multiple sclerosis (MS) is a matter of serious debate. In this case-control study, we aimed to assess the correlation between genetic changes in the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene and their consequence on MS patients. Our sample study consisted of 110 individuals; 40 patients with MS as cases and 70 healthy controls. Vitamin D levels were determined by immunofluorescence assay, and polymorphisms at rs7041 (c.1296 T > G p.Asp416Glu) and rs4588 (c.1307C > A p.Thr420Lys) of the DBP gene were genotyped using PCR/RFLP method for all cases and controls.

Results
Our results showed that genotype frequencies were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A significant association was found in rs7041 (c.1296TT) homozygous wild-type, and the odds ratio was < 1 suggesting a protective role against developing MS (OR; 0.03, p = 0.0002) whereas the c.1296GG genotype was significantly correlated with an increased risk for MS by 6 folds (OR: 6.0000, p < 0.0001). No significant association was noted at rs4588 and MS occurrence. In addition, our compound genotyping results revealed that haplotypes 1S-1S are 6 times more likely to develop MS, whereas haplotypes 1F-1F had a more protective role in MS patients (OR: 0.063, p = 0.06.), respectively. The risk of vitamin D insufficiency in patients was greater by 14 folds compared to controls (OR: 14.05, p = 0.0128). Furthermore, the c.1296GG genotype was associated significantly by more than 4 times with insufficient levels of vitamin D and by 7 folds with vitamin deficiency.

Conclusions
We conclude that polymorphisms in the DBP gene could have independent effects on the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. The homozygous recessive genotype at rs7041 was associated with insufficient levels of vitamin D and with the risk of MS emergence.
Quality of life in a sample of Egyptian renal transplant recipients
Authors: El Rasheed Amany Haroun , Khedr Essam , Naguib Rehab , Eid Maissa , Elkholy Hussien , Rabie Samah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPoor quality of life has been reported after renal transplantation.So, we aimed to identify the quality of life and its demographic and clinical correlates among Egyptian renal transplant recipients.A cross-sectional observational study of 230 post-renal transplantation recipients (PRTRs) who were recruited from Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital and Nasser Institute nephrology clinics. All cases were subjected to a designed questionnaire for PRTRs, the semi-structured questionnaire for renal transplant recipients and the Arabic version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-100).ResultsAll the PRTRs had unsatisfactory social quality of life (QoL) while 97.8% had unsatisfactory overall QoL; moreover, 92.6% were not satisfied as regards environmental and independence QoL. Psychological dissatisfaction was met in 75.7% of all subjects, whereas the least dissatisfaction rate was the spiritual QoL (15.2%). Younger age groups were the most who complained of unsatisfactory quality of life in all domains except the spiritual QoL. All domains of QoL were found not statistically associated with gender, marital status, or social class. Subjects who received higher education had better psychological and independence QoL. The overall QoL and physical QoL were found to be correlated only with age. The psychological and independence QoL were positively correlated with age, sex, educational level, and occupation while the environmental QL was found to be positively correlated with occupation.ConclusionThe prevalence of unsatisfactory quality of life is quite high among PRTRs. Our findings pointed to the need of recognizing quality of life among renal transplant recipients, and we suggest that mental health professionals should be included in the multidisciplinary team.