bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agri‐environment schemes enhance pollinator richness and abundance but bumblebee reproduction depends on field size
Authors: Geppert Costanza , Hass Annika , Földesi Rita , Donkó Bettina , Akter Asma , Tscharntke Teja , Batáry Péter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Pollinators have experienced a dramatic decrease world‐wide due to agricultural intensification. In many countries, agri‐environment schemes (AES) have been introduced to counteract this current trend. However, until now, the relative importance of each AES for biodiversity and ecosystem services is still little understood and might change depending on landscape context. Complex landscape‐experiments are required to fill this knowledge gap, enabling the implementation of sustainable intensification of food production.

In our study, we compared the effectiveness of the two most popular AES in Germany, organic farming and flower strips, in supporting pollinators and flower resources. We selected nine landscapes along a gradient of increasing field size, (configurational heterogeneity), each with a triplet of winter wheat fields: one organic, one conventional with flower strip and one conventional without flower strip as a control. We surveyed insect‐pollinated plants and pollinators (bumblebees, solitary bees and hoverflies). Additionally, we placed bumblebee colonies in the field edges to monitor their growth (colony weight gain) and reproduction (queen production).

Flower strips stood out with the highest abundance and richness of pollinators. In contrast, bumblebee colony growth and plant richness benefited equally from organic and flower strip schemes. At the landscape scale, smaller fields had a positive effect on plant richness and bumblebee reproduction in flower strips. By contrast, bumblebee colonies in organic agriculture benefited most from large fields, as large organic fields provided much more flower resources than the narrow flower strips.

Synthesis and applications. Our results showed that both local and landscape management shaped pollinator communities and their reproduction. Overall, organic farming and flower strips appeared to be effective tools to mitigate flower shortage in conventional cereal fields, with organic farming supporting the highest flowering plant cover per field. Flower strips enhanced local pollinator richness most, but increased bumblebee reproduction only when the surrounding landscapes had small fields with long field borders. Therefore, our results reveal that European Union policies need to take into account that the effectiveness of agri‐environment schemes depends on the structure of the surrounding landscape.
Spirituality – a forgotten dimension? Developing spiritual literacy in family therapy practice
Authors: Holmberg Åse , Jensen Per , Vetere Arlene 
Published: June 2020

Spirituality is hard to approach and define in family therapy practice, both as a concept and as a process. Spiritual perspectives are seen as important in an ecological understanding of family life, yet there is a research gap in the field of family therapy. The research reported here set out to explore the experience of spirituality from the perspective of family members and family therapists in therapeutic practice in Norway. Using a grounded theory methodology, we developed a middle range theory of spiritual literacy for family therapy practice. Although we offer no solutions to the dilemmas and hesitations experienced around the possible silencing of spiritual matters in family therapy, we make some recommendations for training and supervision practices.Practitioner points

Spiritual experiences can be difficult to approach and define in family therapy

Lack of recognition of spirituality in training and in practice seems to make therapists hesitant

Encourage training programmes to open discussions about spirituality

Be open to spiritual issues in supervisor training and practice
Adjudicating reasonable and necessary funded supports in the National Disability Insurance Scheme: A critical review of the values and priorities indicated in the decisions of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal
Authors: Venning Alyssa , Hummell Eloise , Foster Michele , Burns Kylie , Harris Rimmer Susan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBeyond the initial euphoria of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), tough choices will be needed for sustainability. Although the spirit of the NDIS is to deliver choice and control, the Australian government's objective is to ensure that rights and aspirations are proportionate to expectations of best practice, aptness of mainstream services and cost effectiveness. The position in this paper is that this test of ‘reasonable and necessary’ when determining funded supports, raises value dilemmas for government and citizens. The objective is to demonstrate this through a critical scrutiny of the reviews and decisions regarding reasonable and necessary funded supports of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT). In this paper, a synthesis and critique of 35 appeals to the AAT and one Federal Court Appeal are used to make explicit the decisional ambiguities and contestations in the scheme and the values and priorities that are currently dominant in the allocation of reasonable and necessary support. This in turn is used as a basis for a discussion about the operation of rights in the scheme and what counts as legitimate support. The benefit is for scheme transparency and fairness but also broader debate about core principles and values to inform decisions about scarce resources in society.
Lying on the Road Before Being Run Over: Vehicular Manslaughter, Suicide, or Accident? Two Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Doro Luca , Bonvicini Barbara , Beccegato Elena , Terranova Claudio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present two apparent hit‐and‐run cases where two women were run over. The vehicles involved were subsequently traced and their owners charged with manslaughter. Autopsy evidence, scientific investigation of the scene and circumstances of the deaths, technical inspection of the vehicles, and DNA analysis strongly suggested that both victims were lying on the road before the accident. Case 1 was a suicide. In Case 2, the victim had fallen to the ground following acute alcohol intoxication. Victimological analysis was pivotal in reconstructing the dynamics of the events. We suggest that a hit‐and‐run fatality should not be regarded as a manslaughter case until each piece of evidence has been carefully considered. We also propose an interdisciplinary method of reconstructing run over occurrences based on the following three steps: (i) identify whether there was a primary impact when the victim was in an upright position; (ii) identify victim drug/alcohol intoxication and/or presence of acute or chronic disease or injury, which may have contributed to the impact; and (iii) consider suicide intent.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly of the East Asian common octopus (Octopus sinensis) using PacBio sequencing and Hi‐C technology
Authors: Li Fenghui , Bian Li , Ge Jianlong , Han Fengming , Liu Zhihong , Li Xuming , Liu Yongsheng , Lin Zhishu , Shi Huilai , Liu Changlin , Chang Qing , Lu Bin , Zhang Shengnong , Hu Jiancheng , Xu Dafeng , Shao Changwei , Chen Siqing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Cephalopoda are a group of highly diverse marine species in the phylum Mollusca, which are distributed worldwide. They have evolved some vertebrate‐like biological traits and exhibit complicated behavioural repertoires. Thus, they are interesting species for studying the mechanisms of evolutionary convergence, innovational functional structures and evolutionary adaptation to a highly active, predatory lifestyle in diverse marine environments. Despite the evolutionary placement and biological significance of cephalopods, genomic data on these organisms remain limited. Here, we assembled a chromosome‐level genome of a female East Asian common octopus (Octopus sinensis) by combining Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) single‐molecule real‐time sequencing, Illumina paired‐end sequencing and Hi‐C technology. An O. sinensis genome of 2.72 Gb was assembled from a total of 245.01 Gb high‐quality PacBio sequences. The assembled genome represents 80.2% completeness (BUSCO) with a contig N50 of 490.36 Kb and a scaffold N50 of 105.89 Mb, showing a considerable improvement compared with other sequenced cephalopod genomes. Hi‐C scaffolding of the genome resulted in the construction of 30 pseudochromosomes in Cephalopoda, representing 96.41% of the assembled sequences. The genome contained 42.26% repeat sequences and 5,245 noncoding RNAs. A total of 31,676 protein‐coding genes were predicted, of which 82.73% were functionally annotated. The comparative genomic analysis identified 17,020 orthologous gene families, including 819 unique gene families and 629 expanded gene families. This genomic information will be an important molecular resource for further investigation of biological function and evolutionary adaptations in octopuses, and facilitate research into their population genetics and comparative evolution.
Ultra‐widefield autofluorescence imaging findings in retinoschisis, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and combined retinoschisis retinal detachment
Authors: Navaratnam Jesintha , Salvanos Panagiotis , Vavvas Demetrios G. , Bragadóttir Ragnheiður 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeRetinoschisis (RS), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and combined RS retinal detachment (RSRD) may resemble clinically and pose a diagnostic challenge. This study investigates the role of the fundus autofluorescence (AF) in differentiating RS, RRD and RSRD.MethodsFundus AF changes of 34 eyes diagnosed with RRD, 30 eyes with RS and 12 eyes with RSRD were retrospectively analysed. Ultra‐widefield AF (UW‐AF) image intensities obtained with the Optomap 200Tx were interpreted as hypo‐, hyper‐ and isoautofluorescent or a mixed pattern with hypo‐ and hyperautofluorescence over and at the posterior margin (PM) of RRD, RS and RSRD.ResultsAll RS eyes revealed isoautofluorescence over the area of RS, and nine eyes (30%) showed hypoautofluorescent PM. Among RRD, acute (≤2 weeks) and chronic (>2 weeks) RRD demonstrated distinct AF characteristics. Sixty‐two per cent of RRD eyes had acute RRD. From those, 16 eyes (76%) demonstrated hypoautofluorescence over the detached area and 19 (90%) eyes with hyperautofluorescent PM. Sixty‐two per cent of chronic RRD eyes demonstrated isoautofluorecence over the detached area. Eight RSRD eyes (67%) revealed hyperautofluorescence in the detached area. The positive predictive value (PPV) for hypoautofluorescence over the area of subretinal fluid (SRF) in RRD was 95%. The PPV for hyperautofluorescence over the area of SRF in RSRD was 100% and for isoautofluorescence for schitic area in RSRD and RS was 76%.ConclusionThe UW‐AF can be a useful non‐invasive adjuvant tool to distinguish between RRD, RS and RSRD. Hypo‐ or hyperautofluorescence over the area of interest and hyperautofluorescent PM indicates the presence of SRF.
Instrumental measurements of recovery‐oriented practice in psychiatric services
Authors: Chung‐Lung Kong , Chi‐Chiu Lee , Lai‐Ping Chiu , Ching‐Kwok Li , Chi‐Kwong Sin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionA team of community and rehabilitation staff from a regional mental hospital in Hong Kong has been adopting recovery‐oriented practices since 2010 to enhance its services through organizational transformation. The REFOCUS model of the Recovery College of Maudsley Hospital has adopted a tool called INSPIRE, which measures the level of support and relationship. In this study, service users were invited to rate the received support and their relationship with service providers to benchmark our current service before we fully implement the REFOCUS model of practice.MethodsINSPIRE was translated into traditional Chinese. Service users were invited to use C‐INSPIRE to score one service provider with whom they had the most frequent contact or had the closest relationship.ResultsA total of 147 subjects were recruited from different service units at different phases of organizational transformation in recovery‐oriented practice. Significantly higher scores in the Relationship Subscale (P = .028) were obtained by units that had introduced recovery‐oriented practice for a longer period. However, the overall INSPIRE scores in the Support and Relationship Subscales achieved by Kwai Chung Hospital were 60 and 70, respectively, which were lower than those recorded (72 and 78, respectively) in a study conducted in the United Kingdom. This indicates that there is considerable room for improvement in the delivery of recovery‐oriented practice at Kwai Chung Hospital.DiscussionWith further training and implementation of REFOCUS for all staff, service users' experience in their recovery can be more empowering and satisfying.
Making sense of changing ethical expectations: The role of moral imagination
Authors: Hargrave Timothy J. , Sud Mukesh , VanSandt Craig V. , Werhane Patricia M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe propose that firms that engage in morally imaginative sensemaking will manage society's changing ethical expectations more effectively than those engaging in habituated sensemaking. Specifically, we argue that managers engaging in habituated sensemaking will tend to view changes in expectations as threats and respond to them defensively. In contrast, morally imaginative managers will tend to see these same changes as opportunities and address them by proactively or interactively engaging stakeholders in learning processes. We contribute to the literature on moral imagination by highlighting the value of moral imagination relative to conventional sensemaking, and by positioning moral imagination as an ongoing mode of sensemaking. While we recognize that managers' capacity to continuously address changing ethical expectations using moral imagination is constrained by cognitive limitations, we posit that morally imaginative sensemaking may economize on cognitive resources over time by enabling managers to avoid managing ethical issues unproductively based on habit. We also contribute to the issues management literature by calling attention to two underlying factors, managerial sensemaking mode and firm enterprise strategy, that drive companies' approaches to issues management.
Machine learning and artificial intelligence in haematology
Authors: Shouval Roni , Fein Joshua A. , Savani Bipin , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon 
Published: June 2020

SummaryDigitalization of the medical record and integration of genomic methods into clinical practice have resulted in an unprecedented wealth of data. Machine learning is a subdomain of artificial intelligence that attempts to computationally extract meaningful insights from complex data structures. Applications of machine learning in haematological scenarios are steadily increasing. However, basic concepts are often unfamiliar to clinicians and investigators. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with tools to interpret and critically appraise machine learning literature. We begin with the elucidation of standard terminology and then review examples in haematology. Guidelines for designing and evaluating machine‐learning studies are provided. Finally, we discuss limitations of the machine‐learning approach.
The effects of bilingualism on attentional processes in the first year of life
Authors: Kalashnikova Marina , Pejovic Jovana , Carreiras Manuel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBilingualism is a powerful experiential factor, and its effects have been proposed to extend beyond the linguistic domain by boosting the development of executive functioning skills. Crucially, recent findings suggest that this effect can be detected in bilingual infants before their first birthday indicating that it emerges as a result of early bilingual exposure and the experience of negotiating two linguistic systems in infants' environment. However, these conclusions are based on only two research studies from the last decade (Comishen, Bialystok, & Adler, 2019; Kovács & Mehler, 2009), so to date, there is a lack of evidence regarding their replicability and generalizability. In addition, previous research does not shed light on the precise aspects of bilingual experience and the extent of bilingual exposure underlying the emergence of this early bilingual advantage. The present study addressed these two questions by assessing attentional control abilities in 7‐month‐old bilingual infants in comparison to same‐age monolinguals and in relation to their individual bilingual exposure patterns. Findings did not reveal significant differences between monolingual and bilingual infants in the measure of attentional control and no relation between individual performance and degree of bilingual exposure. Bilinguals showed different patterns of allocating attention to the visual rewards in this task compared to monolinguals. Thus, this study indicates that bilingualism modulates attentional processes early on, possibly as a result of bilinguals' experience of encoding dual‐language information from a complex linguistic input, but it does not lead to significant advantages in attentional control in the first year of life.
Potential drug–drug interactions associated with drugs currently proposed for COVID‐19 treatment in patients receiving other treatments
Authors: Lemaitre Florian , Solas Caroline , Grégoire Matthieu , Lagarce Laurence , Elens Laure , Polard Elisabeth , Saint‐Salvi Béatrice , Sommet Agnès , Tod Michel , Barin‐Le Guellec Chantal ,   the French Society of Pharmacology, Therapeutics (SFPT), the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Clinical Toxicology (IATDMCT)
Published: June 2020

AbstractPatients with COVID‐19 are sometimes already being treated for one or more other chronic conditions, especially if they are elderly. Introducing a treatment against COVID‐19, either on an outpatient basis or during hospitalization for more severe cases, raises the question of potential drug–drug interactions. Here, we analyzed the potential or proven risk of the co‐administration of drugs used for the most common chronic diseases and those currently offered as treatment or undergoing therapeutic trials for COVID‐19. Practical recommendations are offered, where possible.
Loss of HDAC11 accelerates skeletal muscle regeneration in mice
Authors: Núñez‐Álvarez Yaiza , Hurtado Erica , Muñoz Mar , García‐Tuñon Ignacio , Rech Gabriel E. , Pluvinet Raquel , Sumoy Lauro , Pendás Alberto M. , Peinado Miguel A. , Suelves Mònica 
Published: June 2020

Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) is the latest identified member of the histone deacetylase family of enzymes. It is highly expressed in brain, heart, testis, kidney, and skeletal muscle, although its role in these tissues is poorly understood. Here, we investigate for the first time the consequences of HDAC11 genetic impairment on skeletal muscle regeneration, a process principally dependent on its resident stem cells (satellite cells) in coordination with infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells. Our results show that HDAC11 is dispensable for adult muscle growth and establishment of the satellite cell population, while HDAC11 deficiency advances the regeneration process in response to muscle injury. This effect is not caused by differences in satellite cell activation or proliferation upon injury, but rather by an enhanced capacity of satellite cells to differentiate at early regeneration stages in the absence of HDAC11. Infiltrating HDAC11‐deficient macrophages could also contribute to this accelerated muscle regenerative process by prematurely producing high levels of IL‐10, a cytokine known to promote myoblast differentiation. Altogether, our results show that HDAC11 depletion advances skeletal muscle regeneration and this finding may have potential implications for designing new strategies for muscle pathologies coursing with chronic damage.DatabaseData were deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus accessible through GEO Series accession numberGSE147423.
Influence of material anisotropy on fatigue crack growth in C–Mn steels of existing structures
Authors: Slot Henk , Nicoreac Monica , Maljaars Johan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRolled steel plates and sections are often applied in structures in such a way that the principal load direction corresponds with the rolling direction. Examples are beams, arches, or pylons of bridges, supporting beams of ship decks, and the main elements of crane structures. However, some types of structure are subjected to a multiaxial stress state or are loaded with the main load direction perpendicular to rolling. The orientation may influence the mechanical properties. This paper studies the influence of anisotropy observed in the microstructure of rolled C–Mn steels on the tensile properties, Charpy impact values and particularly the fatigue crack growth rates. The influence of anisotropy is determined through tests performed at different orientations with respect to the rolling direction, namely, L‐T, T‐L and T‐S orientations. Samples were taken from structures that were constructed between 25 and 50 years ago from steel grades Fe510C or St52.3 (modern equivalences S355J2 or S355N). The orientation appears to have a statistically relevant influence on Charpy impact value and fatigue crack growth rate. The anisotropy ratio, defined as the ratio between the mechanical property in a certain orientation with that of the L‐T orientation, ranged between 0.30 and 0.53 for Charpy impact values. The anisotropy ratios appear correlated with the absolute Charpy value, with a correlation coefficient of ρ = −0.8. The anisotropy ratios of the crack growth in T‐L and T‐S orientations were 1.19 and 0.43, respectively. Anisotropy ratios for crack growth appear uncorrelated with anisotropy ratios for Charpy impact. The observed anisotropy may partially explain the difference between uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue crack growth as determined by others.