bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial dynamics and activity patterns of the fosa Cryptoprocta ferox in Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar: carnivores navigating a human-influenced landscape
Authors: Wyza Eileen , Dollar Luke , Rahajanirina Leon Pierrot , Popescu Viorel , Stevens Nancy J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Vulnerable fosa Cryptoprocta ferox is the largest native carnivore in Madagascar, fulfilling a unique ecological niche in the island's remaining forests. Negative interactions with humans threaten the long-term viability of most remaining fosa populations across Madagascar. Threats to the fosa include habitat loss and persecution by humans resulting from perceived predation on domestic animals. We used GPS collars to record space use and activity patterns of five fosas in Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar, during the dry seasons of 2016 and 2017. The results, with up to 2,110 recorded locations per individual, indicated fosas’ home ranges and movements were not limited to the forest, and all collared individuals used networks of habitat patches and corridors to navigate deforested areas. The fosas studied in Ankarafantsika National Park had significantly larger home ranges than those reported in previous studies in other protected areas. They were rarely found within village boundaries and appeared to avoid areas of human habitation, suggesting that during the study period livestock was not a significant component of the fosas’ diet in this Park. Our results suggest that fosas have some flexibility that enables them to adapt to living near deforested and human-dominated areas by altering their space-use patterns, but they are compensating by increasing their home range size.
Schistosomiasis then and now: what has changed in the last 100 years?
Authors: Wilson R. Alan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOnly with the completion of the life cycles of Fasciola hepatica in 1883 and 30 years later those of Schistosoma japonicum (1913), Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni (1915) did research on schistosomiasis really get underway. One of the first papers by Cawston in 1918, describing attempts to establish the means of transmission of S. haematobium in Natal, South Africa, forms the historical perspective against which to judge where we are now. Molecular biology techniques have produced a much better definition of the complexity of the schistosome species and their snail hosts, but also revealed the extent of hybridization between human and animal schistosomes that may impact on parasite adaptability. While diagnostics have greatly improved, the ability to detect single worm pair infections routinely, still falls short of its goal. The introduction of praziquantel ~1982 has revolutionized the treatment of infected individuals and led directly to the mass drug administration programmes. In turn, the severe pathological consequences of high worm burdens have been minimized, and for S. haematobium infections the incidence of associated squamous cell carcinoma has been reduced. In comparison, the development of effective vaccines has yet to come to fruition. The elimination of schistosomiasis japonica from Japan shows what is possible, using multiple lines of approach, but the clear and present danger is that the whole edifice of schistosome control is balanced on the monotherapy of praziquantel, and the development of drug resistance could topple that.
Introduction: special issue on the economics of climate change and sustainability (Part B)
Authors: Agliardi Elettra , Casari Marco , Xepapadeas Anastasios 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClimate change is considered to be one of the most significant and complex challenges facing the world in the twenty-first century. As such, it is essential to increase the knowledge base regarding climate change and how best to address its impacts through efficient policies. This special issue, which is divided into two parts – published in the previous and current issues of Environment and Development Economics – is a selection of papers related to ‘The Economics of Climate Change and Sustainability’, the topic of an international workshop organized by the Economics Department of the University of Bologna in April 2018. The papers in this special issue cover a wide range of climate-change-related topics, including endogenous growth and overlapping generation models; climate-related financing and green bonds; demography; location decisions and technology diffusion; quantitative relationships and experimental approaches. They aim at providing new insights into the economics of climate change and help to identify new directions for future research.
Trainee self-assessment of cognitive behaviour therapy competence during and after training
Authors: Beale Sarah , Liness Sheena , Hirsch Colette R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Large-scale cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) training and implementation programmes, such as the pioneering Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) initiative in the UK, aim to develop a workforce of competent therapists who can deliver evidence-based interventions skilfully. Self-awareness of competence enables CBT therapists to accurately evaluate their clinical practice and determine professional development needs. The accuracy of self-assessed competence, however, remains unclear when compared with assessments conducted by markers with expertise in CBT practice and evaluation. This study investigated the relationship between self- and expert-rated competence – assessed via therapy recordings rated on the Cognitive Therapy Scale Revised (CTS-R) scale – for a large sample of IAPT CBT trainees during training and, for the first time, at post-training follow-up. CBT trainees (n = 150) submitted therapy recordings at baseline, mid-training and end-of-training. At 12+ month follow-up, a subset of former trainees (n = 30) submitted recordings from clinical practice. There were positive relationships (r = .27 to .56) between self and expert CTS-R scores at all time points. The proportion of tapes demonstrating significant agreement between self and expert ratings (CTS-R difference <5 points) increased significantly across training and remained stable at follow-up. Findings indicate that accurate self-awareness of competence can be developed during structured CBT training and retained in the workplace. These outcomes are encouraging given the importance of self-awareness to CBT practice and accreditation. Future investigation into the development and maintenance of accurate self-awareness of competence is warranted.

Key learning aims

(1)
What is the relationship between self-ratings and expert ratings of CBT competence during training and at post-training follow-up?

(2)
Does agreement between self and expert competence ratings improve with CBT training?

(3)
How does agreement between self and expert ratings change across training for more- and less-competent trainees?

(4)
Can accurate self-awareness of competence be retained post-training in the workplace?
Cluster Observations on Time‐of‐Flight Effect of Oxygen Ions in Magnetotail Reconnection Exhaust Region
Authors: Wu T. , Fu S. Y. , Xie L. , Zong Q.‐G. , Zhou X. Z. , Yue C. , Sun W. J. , Pu Z. Y. , Xiong Y. , Zhao S. J. , Zhang H. , Yu F. B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe D‐shaped ion velocity distribution generated by the time‐of‐flight (ToF) effect can be considered as an important characteristic of reconnection exhausts in the magnetopause and magnetotail reconnection processes. In this study, we reported the D‐shaped velocity distribution of O+ ions produced by the ToF effect in the magnetotail reconnection exhaust based on the observations from the Cluster spacecraft. The observed cutoff velocity of O+ ions is smaller than that of H+ ions at the same time, which is different from the previous theoretical prediction. We suggested that the difference between the two cutoff velocities is probably due to O+ ions having a larger reconnection diffusion region than H+ ions. We also demonstrated a remote‐sensing method to estimate the spatial scale ratio between the O+ and H+ diffusion regions and the distance from the observation site to the center of the magnetotail reconnection region.
Deformation of the Baige Landslide, Tibet, China, Revealed Through the Integration of Cross‐Platform ALOS/PALSAR‐1 and ALOS/PALSAR‐2 SAR Observations
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Zhao Chaoying , Zhang Qin , Lu Zhong , Li Zhenhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwenty‐eight ALOS/PALSAR‐1 and ALOS/PALSAR‐2 images acquired from January 2007 to August 2018 were exploited to characterize the deformation history and temporal evolution of the Baige landslide, China, which successively occurred on 11 October and 3 November 2018. To mitigate the errors caused by the topographic relief and to conduct offset estimates between the SAR images from different platforms, a novel offset‐tracking method is proposed. The SAR images were ortho‐rectified firstly. Then two‐dimensional deformations were retrieved successfully from SAR images acquired at an identical platform and different platforms. Our results indicate that the maximum cumulative deformation in the line‐of‐sight direction of the Baige landslide reached about −60 m between January 2007 and August 2018. Furthermore, correlation between time series deformation and monthly precipitation and soil moisture derived from SAR intensity images suggests that the failure of the Baige landslide was closely related to the heavy rainfall in the summer of 2018.
Mycelial network-mediated rhizobial dispersal enhances legume nodulation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Xiao-Gang , Sun Kai , Tang Meng-Jun , Xu Fang-Ji , Zhang Ming , Dai Chuan-Chao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The access of rhizobia to legume host is a prerequisite for nodulation. Rhizobia are poorly motile in soil, while filamentous fungi are known to grow extensively across soil pores. Since root exudates-driven bacterial chemotaxis cannot explain rhizobial long-distance dispersal, mycelia could constitute ideal dispersal networks to help rhizobial enrichment in the legume rhizosphere from bulk soil. Thus, we hypothesized that mycelia networks act as vectors that enable contact between rhizobia and legume and influence subsequent nodulation. By developing a soil microcosm system, we found that a facultatively biotrophic fungus, Phomopsis liquidambaris, helps rhizobial migration from bulk soil to the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) rhizosphere and, hence, triggers peanut–rhizobium nodulation but not seen in the absence of mycelia. Assays of dispersal modes suggested that cell proliferation and motility mediated rhizobial dispersal along mycelia, and fungal exudates might contribute to this process. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis indicated that genes associated with the cell division, chemosensory system, flagellum biosynthesis, and motility were regulated by Ph. liquidambaris, thus accounting for the detected rhizobial dispersal along hyphae. Our results indicate that rhizobia use mycelia as dispersal networks that migrate to legume rhizosphere and trigger nodulation. This work highlights the importance of mycelial network-based bacterial dispersal in legume–rhizobium symbiosis.
Rabbit ATG/ATLG in preventing graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: consensus-based recommendations by an international expert panel
Authors: Bonifazi Francesca , Rubio Marie-Thérèse , Bacigalupo Andrea , Boelens Jaap Jan , Finke Jürgen , Greinix Hildegard , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon , Passweg Jakob , Rambaldi Alessandro , Socie Gérard , Solano Carlos , Walker Irwin , Barosi Giovanni , Kröger Nicolaus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis collaborative initiative aimed to provide recommendations on the use of polyclonal antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or anti-T lymphocyte globulin (ATLG) for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A comprehensive review of articles released up to October, 2018 was performed as a source of scientific evidence. Fourteen clinically relevant key questions to the domains indication, administration, and post-transplant management were developed and recommendations were produced using the Delphi technique involving a Panel of 14 experts. ATG/ATLG was strongly recommended as part of myeloablative conditioning regimen prior to matched or mismatched unrelated bone marrow or peripheral blood allogeneic HSCT in malignant diseases to prevent severe acute and chronic GvHD. ATG/ATLG was also recommended prior to HLA-identical sibling peripheral HSCT with good but lesser bulk of evidence. In reduced intensity or nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens, ATG/ATLG was deemed appropriate to reduce the incidence of acute and chronic GvHD, but a higher risk of relapse should be taken into account. Recommendations regarding dose, application, and premedication were also provided as well as post-transplant infectious prophylaxis and vaccination. Overall, these recommendations can be used for a proper and safe application of polyclonal ATG/ATLG to prevent GvHD after allogeneic HSCT.
Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) regulate TGFβ-mediated transcriptional and apoptotic responses
Authors: Hutchinson Luke D. , Darling Nicola J. , Nicolaou Stephanos , Gori Ilaria , Squair Daniel R. , Cohen Philip , Hill Caroline S. , Sapkota Gopal P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe signalling pathways initiated by members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family of cytokines control many metazoan cellular processes, including proliferation and differentiation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. TGFβ signalling is therefore strictly regulated to ensure appropriate context-dependent physiological responses. In an attempt to identify novel regulatory components of the TGFβ signalling pathway, we performed a pharmacological screen by using a cell line engineered to report the endogenous transcription of the TGFβ-responsive target gene PAI-1. The screen revealed that small molecule inhibitors of salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) attenuate TGFβ-mediated transcription of PAI-1 without affecting receptor-mediated SMAD phosphorylation, SMAD complex formation or nuclear translocation. We provide evidence that genetic inactivation of SIK isoforms also attenuates TGFβ-dependent transcriptional responses. Pharmacological inhibition of SIKs by using multiple small-molecule inhibitors potentiated apoptotic cell death induced by TGFβ stimulation. Our data therefore provide evidence for a novel function of SIKs in modulating TGFβ-mediated transcriptional and cellular responses.
Endothelial ZEB1 promotes angiogenesis-dependent bone formation and reverses osteoporosis
Authors: Fu Rong , Lv Wen-Cong , Xu Ying , Gong Mu-Yun , Chen Xiao-Jie , Jiang Nan , Xu Yan , Yao Qing-Qiang , Di Lei , Lu Tao , Wang Li-Ming , Mo Ran , Wu Zhao-Qiu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent interest in the control of bone metabolism has focused on a specialized subset of CD31hiendomucinhi vessels, which are reported to couple angiogenesis with osteogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms that link these processes together remain largely undefined. Here we show that the zinc-finger transcription factor ZEB1 is predominantly expressed in CD31hiendomucinhi endothelium in human and mouse bone. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of ZEB1 in mice impairs CD31hiendomucinhi vessel formation in the bone, resulting in reduced osteogenesis. Mechanistically, ZEB1 deletion reduces histone acetylation on Dll4 and Notch1 promoters, thereby epigenetically suppressing Notch signaling, a critical pathway that controls bone angiogenesis and osteogenesis. ZEB1 expression in skeletal endothelium declines in osteoporotic mice and humans. Administration of Zeb1-packaged liposomes in osteoporotic mice restores impaired Notch activity in skeletal endothelium, thereby promoting angiogenesis-dependent osteogenesis and ameliorating bone loss. Pharmacological reversal of the low ZEB1/Notch signaling may exert therapeutic benefit in osteoporotic patients by promoting angiogenesis-dependent bone formation.
Prenatal dietary supplements influence the infant airway microbiota in a randomized factorial clinical trial
Authors: Hjelmsø Mathis H. , Shah Shiraz A. , Thorsen Jonathan , Rasmussen Morten , Vestergaard Gisle , Mortensen Martin S. , Brejnrod Asker , Brix Susanne , Chawes Bo , Bønnelykke Klaus , Sørensen Søren J. , Stokholm Jakob , Bisgaard Hans 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaternal dietary interventions during pregnancy with fish oil and high dose vitamin D have been shown to reduce the incidence of asthma and wheeze in offspring, potentially through microbial effects in pregnancy or early childhood. Here we analyze the bacterial compositions in longitudinal samples from 695 pregnant women and their children according to intervention group in a nested, factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of n-3 long-chain fatty acids and vitamin D supplementation. The dietary interventions affect the infant airways, but not the infant fecal or maternal vaginal microbiota. Changes in overall beta diversity are observed, which in turn associates with a change in immune mediator profile. In addition, airway microbial maturation and the relative abundance of specific bacterial genera are altered. Furthermore, mediation analysis reveals the changed airway microbiota to be a minor and non-significant mediator of the protective effect of the dietary interventions on risk of asthma. Our results demonstrate the potential of prenatal dietary supplements as manipulators of the early airway bacterial colonization.
Persistent activation of central amygdala CRF neurons helps drive the immediate fear extinction deficit
Authors: Jo Yong S. , Namboodiri Vijay Mohan K. , Stuber Garret D. , Zweifel Larry S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFear extinction is an active learning process whereby previously established conditioned responses to a conditioned stimulus are suppressed. Paradoxically, when extinction training is performed immediately following fear acquisition, the extinction memory is weakened. Here, we demonstrate that corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)-expressing neurons in the central amygdala (CeA) antagonize the extinction memory following immediate extinction training. CeA-CRF neurons transition from responding to the unconditioned stimulus to the conditioned stimulus during the acquisition of a fear memory that persists during immediate extinction training, but diminishes during delayed extinction training. Inhibition of CeA-CRF neurons during immediate extinction training is sufficient to promote enhanced extinction memories, and activation of these neurons following delay extinction training is sufficient to reinstate a previously extinguished fear memory. These results demonstrate CeA-CRF neurons are an important substrate for the persistence of fear and have broad implications for the neural basis of persistent negative affective behavioral states.
Giant virus diversity and host interactions through global metagenomics
Authors: Schulz Frederik , Roux Simon , Paez-Espino David , Jungbluth Sean , Walsh David A. , Denef Vincent J. , McMahon Katherine D. , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley A. , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Woyke Tanja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOur current knowledge about nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) is largely derived from viral isolates that are co-cultivated with protists and algae. Here we reconstructed 2,074 NCLDV genomes from sampling sites across the globe by building on the rapidly increasing amount of publicly available metagenome data. This led to an 11-fold increase in phylogenetic diversity and a parallel 10-fold expansion in functional diversity. Analysis of 58,023 major capsid proteins from large and giant viruses using metagenomic data revealed the global distribution patterns and cosmopolitan nature of these viruses. The discovered viral genomes encoded a wide range of proteins with putative roles in photosynthesis and diverse substrate transport processes, indicating that host reprogramming is probably a common strategy in the NCLDVs. Furthermore, inferences of horizontal gene transfer connected viral lineages to diverse eukaryotic hosts. We anticipate that the global diversity of NCLDVs that we describe here will establish giant viruses—which are associated with most major eukaryotic lineages—as important players in ecosystems across Earth’s biomes.
The Effect of a Substrate Material on Composition Gradients of Fe-Ni Films obtained by Electrodeposition
Authors: Białostocka Anna Maria , Klekotka Urszula , Kalska-Szostko Beata 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe electrodeposition of FeNi alloy films was performed galvanostatically in the sulfate solution (Fe2+/Ni2+ mass ratio 1:2) in order investigate their co-deposition mechanism. The FeNi layers were deposited at variable substrates (copper, brass, silver) under the same chemical (electrolyte composition) and electric plating (current density value) conditions. After applying various time, substrates and external magnetic field orientation, the quality of the obtained film was examined. The surface morphology and crystallographic texture variation were investigated by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) and Laser Confocal Scanning Microscope (LCSM). The anomalous co-deposition of iron group metals is evidently dependent on the substrate.
Experimental Realization of Zenneck Type Wave-based Non-Radiative, Non-Coupled Wireless Power Transmission
Authors: Oruganti Sai Kiran , Liu Feifei , Paul Dipra , Liu Jun , Malik Jagannath , Feng Ke , Kim Haksun , Liang Yuming , Thundat Thomas , Bien Franklin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA decade ago, non-radiative wireless power transmission re-emerged as a promising alternative to deliver electrical power to devices where a physical wiring proved impracticable. However, conventional “coupling-based” approaches face performance issues when multiple devices are involved, as they are restricted by factors like coupling and external environments. Zenneck waves are excited at interfaces, like surface plasmons and have the potential to deliver electrical power to devices placed on a conducting surface. Here, we demonstrate, efficient and long range delivery of electrical power by exciting non-radiative waves over metal surfaces to multiple loads. Our modeling and simulation using Maxwell’s equation with proper boundary conditions shows Zenneck type behavior for the excited waves and are in excellent agreement with experimental results. In conclusion, we physically realize a radically different class of power transfer system, based on a wave, whose existence has been fiercely debated for over a century.