bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective multicentre randomised trial comparing the efficacy and safety of single-anastomosis duodeno–ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB): SADISLEEVE study protocol
Authors: Robert Maud , Poghosyan Tigran , Delaunay Dominique , Pelascini Elise , Iceta Sylvain , Sterkers Adrien , Barsamian Charles , Khamphommala Litavan , Bin Dorel Sylvie , Maucort-Boulch Delphine , Czernichow Sebastien , Disse Emmanuel 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionDespite the non-negligible weight loss failure rate at midterm, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remains the reference procedure in the treatment of morbid obesity with metabolic comorbidities. A recently emerged procedure, the single anastomosis duodeno–ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S), could be more effective on weight loss with similar morbidity and lower weight loss failure rate than RYGB. We propose the first randomised, open, multicentre superiority trial comparing the SADI-S to RYGB (SADISLEEVE).Methods and analysisThe main objective is to demonstrate the superiority at 2 years after surgery of the SADI-S compared with RYGB in term of excess weight loss percentage. The secondary objectives are the evaluation of nutritional status, metabolic outcomes, overall complication rates and quality of life, within 2 years after surgery. Key inclusion criteria are obese patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2 or ≥35 kg/m2 with at least one comorbid condition and candidate to a first bariatric procedure or after failure of sleeve gastrectomy. Patients randomised by minimisation in two arms, based on centre, surgery as a revisional procedure, presence of type 2 diabetes and BMI >50 kg/m2 will be included over 2 years.A sample size of 166 patients in each group will have a power of 90% to detect a probability of 0.603 that excess weight loss in the RYGB arm is less than excess weight loss in the SADI-S arm with a 5% two-sided significance level. With a drop-out rate of 10%, it will be necessary to include 183 patients per group.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by Institutional Review Board of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Morvan (CPP1089-HPS1). Study was also approved by the French national agency for drug safety (2018061500148). Results will be reported in peer-reviewed scientific journals.Trial registration numberNCT03610256.
Mesothelioma and Radical Surgery 2 (MARS 2): protocol for a multicentre randomised trial comparing (extended) pleurectomy decortication versus no (extended) pleurectomy decortication for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Lim Eric , Darlison Liz , Edwards John , Elliott Daisy , Fennell D A , Popat Sanjay , Rintoul Robert C , Waller David , Ali Clinton , Bille Andrea , Fuller Liz , Ionescu Andreea , Keni Manjusha , Kirk Alan , Koh Pek , Lau Kelvin , Mansy Talal , Maskell Nick A , Milton Richard , Muthukumar Dakshinamoorthy , Pope Tony , Roy Amy , Shah Riyaz , Shamash Jonathan , Tasigiannopoulos Zacharias , Taylor Paul , Treece Sarah , Ashton Kate , Harris Rosie , Joyce Katherine , Warnes Barbara , Mills Nicola , Stokes Elizabeth A , Rogers Chris 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionMesothelioma remains a lethal cancer. To date, systemic therapy with pemetrexed and a platinum drug remains the only licensed standard of care. As the median survival for patients with mesothelioma is 12.1 months, surgery is an important consideration to improve survival and/or quality of life. Currently, only two surgical trials have been performed which found that neither extensive (extra-pleural pneumonectomy) or limited (partial pleurectomy) surgery improved survival (although there was some evidence of improved quality of life). Therefore, clinicians are now looking to evaluate pleurectomy decortication, the only radical treatment option left.Methods and analysisThe MARS 2 study is a UK multicentre open parallel group randomised controlled trial comparing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of surgery—(extended) pleurectomy decortication—versus no surgery for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma. The study will test the hypothesis that surgery and chemotherapy is superior to chemotherapy alone with respect to overall survival. Secondary outcomes include health-related quality of life, progression-free survival, measures of safety (adverse events) and resource use to 2 years. The QuinteT Recruitment Intervention is integrated into the trial to optimise recruitment.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics approval was granted by London – Camberwell St. Giles Research Ethics Committee (reference 13/LO/1481) on 7 November 2013. We will submit the results for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numbersISRCTN—ISRCTN44351742 and ClinicalTrials.gov—NCT02040272.
Use of compression therapy to treat lower limb wounds across Europe: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Samuriwo Ray , Christiansen Natalia , Hopkins Alison 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionPoor lower wound care is an avoidable patient harm. Compression therapy is an effective way of treating non-ischaemic lower limbs wounds, but it is not always used appropriately. There are many guidelines which set out how compression therapy should be used, but there is dearth of evidence about how it is actually used at a population level across Europe.AimThe aim of this scoping review is to map the evidence published in English relating to the use of compression therapy to treat lower limb wounds across Europe.MethodsThis scoping review will be conducted in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols and Scoping Reviews guidance. A search for relevant publications will be conducted on variety of databases and key websites in order to identify a comprehensive range of relevant literature. Peer reviewed empirical papers, theoretical papers and other publications in English relating to the use of compression therapy across Europe will be considered for inclusion.Ethics and disseminationEthical and research governance for this scoping review is not required because we will only gather secondary data. Our results will be disseminated to the widest possible audience through an open access paper in a peer reviewed international journal, conference presentations and a plain English summary. The results of this scoping review will be used by a panel of Key Opinion Leaders from across Europe to develop a driver diagram to underpin subsequent lower limb wound care improvement efforts.
The burden of non-specific chronic low back pain among adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Kahere Morris , Ginindza Themba 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionLow back pain (LBP) is a major public health concern, affecting individuals of all age groups across the world. In about 90% of LBP cases, there is no specific cause identified and is, therefore, referred to as non-specific LBP. Due to the non-specific nature of LBP, investigations such as radiological and laboratory investigations are unnecessary and results to delayed diagnosis and improper treatment culminating in LBP progressing into chronic LBP (CLBP). LBP is now the leading cause of disability with a significant socioeconomic burden. Despite all these challenges, CLBP is regarded as a trivial condition in low-and-middle-income countries and remains poorly investigated. The distribution of CLBP in Africa is unclear.Methods and analysisThe research will be conducted in two phases. The initial phase will be an observational, cross-sectional hospital-based study that will be recruiting 650 participants, to determine the prevalence and risk factors of CLBP. A standardised questionnaire will be used to collect baseline data on the socio-demographic characteristics of participants and other variables of interest (exercise history, occupational posture, level of education and the income status). Disability will be assessed using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire and the psychological risk factors will be assessed using the Illness-Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ) and the Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ). The second phase will be a retrospective, top-down, prevalence-based cost-of-illness study of the 2018–2019 health records, to estimate the burden of CLBP from the healthcare system’s perspective. The SPSS V.25.0 statistical package will be used for data entry and analysis. Statistical analysis will include descriptive statistics by means of graphs and cross tabulations, inferential statistics by means of logistic regression and χ2 test. A p value of 0.05 will be deemed statistically significant.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (Ref. No.: BREC/00000205/2019) and the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health Research Ethics (Ref. No.: KZ_201909_002). This will be the first LBP cost-of-illness study in the sub-Saharan Africa, and, therefore, it will close these knowledge gaps and present important evidence on the estimated burden of CLBP in this context. The results of this study will be presented to the Department of Health and to the respective stakeholders and decision-makers to discuss the findings and draw their attention to the prioritisation of LBP research, its management, prevention programmes and implementation of educational programme and for the planning of cost-containment policies.
Impact of COVID-19 and other pandemics and epidemics on people with pre-existing mental disorders: a systematic review protocol and suggestions for clinical care
Authors: Sergeant Anjali , van Reekum Emma Alaine , Sanger Nitika , Dufort Alexander , Rosic Tea , Sanger Stephanie , Lubert Sandra , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Thabane Lehana , Samaan Zainab 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionThe current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in high rates of infection and death, as well as widespread social disruption and a reduction in access to healthcare services and support. There is growing concern over how the pandemic, as well as measures put in place to curb the pandemic, will impact people with mental disorders. We aim to study the effect of pandemics and epidemics on mental health outcomes for people with premorbid mental disorders.Methods and analysisWith our predefined search strategy, we will search five databases for studies reporting on mental health outcomes in people with pre-existing mental disorders during pandemic and epidemic settings. Search dates are planned as follows: 5 May 2020 and 23 July 2020. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MedRxiv and EMBASE. Data will be screened and extracted in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Studies involving non-clinical populations or patients diagnosed with a mental disorderduringa pandemic/epidemic will be excluded. We will include data collected from all pandemics and epidemics throughout history, including the present COVID-19 pandemic. If possible, study findings will be combined in meta-analyses, and subgroup analyses will be performed. We hope that this review will shed light on the impact of pandemics and epidemics on those with pre-existing mental disorders. Knowledge generated may inform future intervention studies as well as healthcare policies. Given the potential implications of the current pandemic measures (ie, disruption of healthcare services) on mental health, we will also compile a list of existing mental health resources.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for this protocol and proposed systematic review as we will only use data from previously published papers that have themselves received ethics clearance and used proper informed consent procedures.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO registration number: CRD42020179611.
Early impact of COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric surgical practice in Nigeria: a national survey of paediatric surgeons
Authors: Ogundele Ibukunolu Olufemi , Alakaloko Felix M , Nwokoro Collins C , Ameh Emmanuel A 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionThe novel coronavirus disease has had significant impact on healthcare globally. Knowledge of this virus is evolving, definitive care is not yet known and mortality is increasing. We assessed its initial impact on paediatric surgical practice in Nigeria, creating a benchmark for recommendations and future reference.MethodsSurvey of 120 paediatric surgeons from 50 centres to assess sociodemographics and specific domains of impact of COVID-19 on their services and training in Nigeria. Valid responses were represented as categorical data and presented in percentages. Duplicate submissions for centres were excluded by combining and taking the mean of responses from centres with multiple respondents.ResultsResponse rate was 74 (61%). Forty-six (92%) centres had suspended elective surgeries. All centres continued emergency surgeries but volume reduced in March by 31%. Eleven (22%) centres reported 13 suspended elective cases presenting as emergencies in March, accounting for 3% of total emergency surgeries. Twelve (24%) centres adopted new modalities for managing selected surgical conditions: non-operative reduction of intussusception in 1 (2%), antibiotic management of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in 5 (10%) and more conservative management of trauma and replacement of laparoscopic appendectomy with open surgery in 3 (6%), respectively. Low perception of adequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) was reported in 35 (70%) centres. Forty (80%) centres did not offer telemedicine for patients’ follow-up. Twenty-nine (58%) centres had suspended academic training. Perception of safety to operate was low in 37 (50%) respondents, indifferent in 24% and high in 26%.ConclusionMajority of paediatric surgical centres reported cessation of elective surgeries while continuing emergencies. There was, however, an acute decline in the volume of emergency surgeries. Adequate PPE needs to be provided and preparations towards handling backlog of elective surgeries once the pandemic recedes. Further study is planned to more conclusively understand the full impact of this pandemic on children’s surgery.
Oesophageal muscular hypertrophy and pulsion diverticulum in a Friesian horse
Authors: Beaulieu Alexandra , Stachewski Zakia Luiza , Ludwig Latasha , Kenney Daniel , Rätsep Emily , Nykamp Stephanie 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYA 13‐year‐old Friesian stallion was referred for evaluation of acute coughing and bilateral nasal discharge. Thoracic radiographs revealed dilation of the terminal portion of the oesophagus, forming a thin‐walled outpouching containing soft tissue opaque material and gas. A diagnosis of oesophageal obstruction with an impacted diverticulum was made. Caudal oesophageal muscularis hypertrophy and an impacted oesophageal diverticulum were found on postmortem examination. Histological abnormalities included a thick caudal oesophageal tunica muscularis and an oesophageal diverticulum composed of mucosa, submucosa and adventitia. Muscular hypertrophy of the oesophagus with diverticulum formation should be considered in Friesian horses presenting with clinical signs of oesophageal obstruction. In this case, thoracic radiographs contributed to a premortem diagnosis, guided medical management and provided information on prognosis. Thoracic radiography can be used as a complementary test in the diagnosis of oesophageal obstruction when endoscopy is available and is a useful diagnostic alternative when endoscopy is not an option.
Probing anomalous tqh couplings via single top production in associated with the Higgs boson at the HE-LHC and FCC-hh
Authors: Zhang Yan-Ju , Shen Jie-Fen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate the prospects for discovering the Flavour Changing Neutral Current (FCNC) tqh couplings via the process $$pp\rightarrow th$$

p
p
→
t
h

at the proposed High Energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC) and Future Circular Collider in hadron-hadron mode (FCC-hh) including the realistic detector effects. The relevant SM backgrounds are considered in the cut based analysis to obtain the limits on the the branching ratios of $$t\rightarrow qh~(q=u,c)$$

t
→
q
h

(
q
=
u
,
c
)

, followed by the leptonic decay channel of the top quark and diphoton decay channel of the Higgs boson. The upper limits on the FCNC branching ratios at 95% confidence level (CL) and the $$5\sigma $$

5
σ

discovery reach for the different integrated luminosities are obtained. It is shown that at the 27 TeV HE-LHC with an integrated luminosity of 15 ab$$^{-1}$$

-
1

and at the 100 TeV FCC-hh with an integrated luminosity of 30 ab$$^{-1}$$

-
1

, the BR($$t\rightarrow uh$$

t
→
u
h

) (BR($$t\rightarrow ch$$

t
→
c
h

)) can be probed, respectively, to $$4.4~(6.4)\times 10^{-5}$$

4.4

(
6.4
)

×

10

-
5

and $$1.3~(1.6) \times 10^{-5}$$

1.3

(
1.6
)

×

10

-
5

at the 95% CL.
Development of ultra-pure NaI(Tl) detectors for the COSINE-200 experiment
Authors: Park B. J. , Choi J. J. , Choe J. S. , Gileva O. , Ha C. , Iltis A. , Jeon E. J. , Kim D. Y. , Kim K. W. , Kim S. K. , Kim Y. D. , Ko Y. J. , Lee C. H. , Lee H. S. , Lee I. S. , Lee M. H. , Lee S. H. , Ra S. J. , Son J. K. , Shin K. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe annual modulation signal observed by the DAMA experiment is a long-standing question in the community of dark matter direct detection. This necessitates an independent verification of its existence using the same detection technique. The COSINE-100 experiment has been operating with 106 kg of low-background NaI(Tl) detectors providing interesting checks on the DAMA signal. However, due to higher backgrounds in the NaI(Tl) crystals used in COSINE-100 relative to those used for DAMA, it was difficult to reach final conclusions. Since the start of COSINE-100 data taking in 2016, we also have initiated a program to develop ultra-pure NaI(Tl) crystals for COSINE-200, the next phase of the experiment. The program includes efforts of raw powder purification, ultra-pure NaI(Tl) crystal growth, and detector assembly techniques. After extensive research and development of NaI(Tl) crystal growth, we have successfully grown a few small-size (0.61–0.78 kg) thallium-doped crystals with high radio-purity. A high light yield has been achieved by improvements of our detector assembly technique. Here we report the ultra-pure NaI(Tl) detector developments at the Institute for Basic Science, Korea. The technique developed here will be applied to the production of NaI(Tl) detectors for the COSINE-200 experiment.
The kinetic gas universe
Authors: Hohmann Manuel , Pfeifer Christian , Voicu Nicoleta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA description of many-particle systems, which is more fundamental than the fluid approach, is to consider them as a kinetic gas. In this approach the dynamical variable in which the properties of the system are encoded, is the distribution of the gas particles in position and velocity space, called 1-particle distribution function (1PDF). However, when the gravitational field of a kinetic gas is derived via the Einstein-Vlasov equations, the information about the velocity distribution of the gas particles is averaged out and therefore lost. We propose to derive the gravitational field of a kinetic gas directly from its 1PDF, taking the velocity distribution fully into account. We conjecture that this refined approach could possibly account for the observed dark energy phenomenology.
Possible formation of ring galaxies by torus-shaped magnetic wormholes
Authors: Kirillov A. A. , Savelova E. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present the hypothesis that some of ring galaxies were formed by relic magnetic torus-shaped wormholes. In the primordial plasma before the recombination magnetic fields of wormholes trap baryons whose energy is smaller than a threshold energy. They work as the Maxwell’s demons collecting baryons from the nearest (horizon size) region and thus forming clumps of baryonic matter which have the same torus-like shapes as wormhole throats. Such clumps may serve as seeds for the formation of ring galaxies and smaller objects having the ring form. Upon the recombination torus-like clumps may decay and merge. Unlike galaxies, such objects may contain less or even no dark matter in halos. However the most stringent feature of such objects is the presence of a large-scale toroidal magnetic field. We show that there are threshold values of magnetic fields which give the upper and lower boundary values for the baryon clumps in such protogalaxies.
First-principles study of the vacancy and layer defects in Ti3SiC2
Authors: Zhang Jian-Rong , Liu Wei-Ming , Ma Li-Dong , Yang Qion , Chen Yan-Wei , Yang Yang-Yang , Shu Ya-Feng , Tao Ke-Wei , Yang Lei , Duan Wen-Shan 
Published: September 2020

First-principles calculations are performed to study the effects of defect on the structure and electronic properties of Ti3SiC2. The calculations show that the formation energy of Si vacancy is minimal compared with the Ti or C vacancies in Ti3SiC2. The defects of Si layer also can be formed under high-temperature or irradiation environments. The C-layers or Ti-layers are almost impossible to form. If the Si vacancy or Si layers are formed, they prefer to be substituted by the O and H atoms to form the MXene structure, and the unit cell of Ti3SiC2 lattice constant decreases in c-direction. However, it has quite slight effect on electronic properties of Ti3SiC2. The He impurities are almost impossible to occupy the Si vacancies, because the formation energy are 50.860 eV for one layer of Si atoms substituted by the He atoms. This type of defect leads to the lattice constant of Ti3SiC2 in c-direction increasing considerably. Therefore, Ti3SiC2 is a suitable candidate for nuclear materials because of the high-formation energies of He impurities under irradiation environment.
Vascular Changes in Cancer Treatment—Seeing Is Believing
Authors: Tomaszewski Michal R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of novel cancer drugs on the tumor microenvironment will be crucial for their successful use in patients. In this issue of Cancer Research, Ghosh and colleagues discuss the effect of two promising heme-targeting agents on the vascular network in mouse models of lung cancer, utilizing emerging optoacoustic imaging approaches. The findings demonstrating significant, dynamic modulation of tumor hypoxia with the heme-targeting drug treatments create important opportunities for image-guided combination therapy.See related article by Ghosh et al., p. 3542
An RNA-Binding Protein, Hu-antigen R, in Pancreatic Cancer Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, Metastasis, and Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Dong Ruochen , Chen Ping , Polireddy Kishore , Wu Xiaoqing , Wang Tao , Ramesh Remya , Dixon Dan A. , Xu Liang , Aubé Jeffrey , Chen Qi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has poor prognosis and treatment outcomes due to its highly metastatic nature and resistance to current treatments. The RNA-binding protein (RBP) Hu-antigen R (HuR) is a central player in posttranscriptional regulation of cancer-related gene expression, and contributes to tumorigenesis, tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. HuR has been suggested to regulate pancreatic cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but the mechanism was not well understood. Here, we further elucidated the role HuR plays in pancreatic cancer cell EMT, and developed a novel inhibitor specifically interrupting HuR–RNA binding. The data showed that HuR binds to the 3′-UTR of the mRNA of the transcription factor Snail, resulting in stabilization of Snail mRNA and enhanced Snail protein expression, thus promoted EMT, metastasis, and formation of stem-like cancer cells (CSC) in pancreatic cancer cells. siRNA silencing or CRISPR/Cas9 gene deletion of HuR inhibited pancreatic cancer cell EMT, migration, invasion, and inhibited CSCs. HuR knockout cells had dampened tumorigenicity in immunocompromised mice. A novel compound KH-3 interrupted HuR–RNA binding, and KH-3 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell viability, EMT, migration/invasion in vitro. KH-3 showed HuR-dependent activity and inhibited HuR-positive tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.