bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circadian clock and cancer: From a viewpoint of cellular differentiation
Authors: Tsuchiya Yoshiki , Umemura Yasuhiro , Yagita Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe circadian clock controls and adapts diverse physiological and behavioral processes according to Earth’s 24‐h cycle of environmental changes. The master pacemaker of the mammalian circadian clock resides in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, but almost all cells throughout the body show circadian oscillations in gene expression patterns and associated functions. Recent studies have shown that the circadian clock gradually develops during embryogenesis. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells do not show circadian oscillations of gene expression, but gradually develop circadian clock oscillation during differentiation; thus, the developmental program of circadian clock emergence appears closely associated with cellular differentiation. Like embryonic stem cells, certain cancer cell types also lack the circadian clock. Given this similarity between embryonic stem cells and cancer cells, interest is growing in the contributions of circadian clock dysfunction to dedifferentiation and cancer development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of circadian clock emergence during ontogenesis, and discuss possible associations with cellular differentiation and carcinogenesis. Considering the multiple physiological functions of circadian rhythms, circadian abnormalities might contribute to a host of diseases, including cancer. Insights on circadian function could lead to the identification of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as well as novel targets for treatment.
The tasks ahead of the ILO at its centenary
Authors: SUPIOT Alain 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe principles that define the normative missions of the ILO – as set out in its Constitution and in the Declaration of Philadelphia – have lost none of their value or relevance. The circumstances in which those missions are carried out have, however, changed profoundly. The global organization of labour is currently witnessing major technical, environmental and institutional upheavals which, in turn, pose legal challenges for the ILO in each of these areas. The ILO's answer to these challenges should be based on three principles whose implementation is encompassed by its constitutional mandate: the principles of solidarity, economic democracy and social and environmental responsibility.
Assessing the quality of mobile applications targeting postpartum depression in China
Authors: Li Ying , Zhao Qian , Cross Wendy M. , Chen Jiarui , Qin Chunxiang , Sun Mei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPostpartum depression is a serious mental illnessdisorder that occurs after delivery and is one of the most common post‐partum complications. With the increasing popularity and extensive use of smartphones worldwide and the fact that China has become the country with the largest number of smartphone users, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the use and influence of smartphones and discuss the role of smartphone applications in postpartum depression. This study evaluated and analysed the contents of all postpartum depression applications available in China, applying the US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression) and expert consensus on the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of postpartum depression. We used the keywords ‘postpartum depression; and ‘PPD’ to search Android, iOS, and WeChat in the Chinese application market. Two reviewers agreed on the coding guidelines and coded the content and functionality of the application through content analysis to determine its intervention and adherence to the guidelines. In addition, we used the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) to evaluate the application for engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information domains and recorded the features of the postpartum depression application. The current findings suggest that despite the recent expansion of smartphone platforms and increased availability of applications, existing Chinese apps for postpartum depression have low levels of adherence to clinical practice‐based guidelines. New apps need to be developed, and existing apps need to be revised following evidence‐based principles.
A bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles on early childhood caries
Authors: Patil Sneha S. , Sarode Sachin C. , Sarode Gargi S. , Gadbail Amol R. , Gondivkar Shailesh , Kontham Ujwal R. , Alqahtani Khaled M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBibliometric analysis aids to quantify the research prolificacy. The citation count acquired by a scientific article is one of the measures of its influence within a field.AimTo employ bibliometrics to offer a quantitative‐qualitative analysis of publications on early childhood caries (ECC) published between 1950 and 2019.DesignTwo researchers independently read all the titles and abstracts of articles retrieved from Scopus database on 16 October 2019. The articles were categorized according to citation and study characteristics. Collaboration network amongst authors, countries, and keywords were generated using VOSviewer software.ResultsAmongst a total of 10 578 articles published on ECC, 100 most cited articles were sorted. The top‐cited articles appeared in 34 journals, with Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology journal (n = 18) contributing maximum number of articles. The papers originated from 25 countries, with the United States (n = 54) accounting for largest number. Amid the papers with high levels of evidence, 11 were systematic reviews and 8 were randomized clinical trials. The topic most commonly addressed was aetiology/associated factors (63%). Amongst a total of 990 keywords, ‘dental caries' appeared 89 times.ConclusionThe findings of this paper will help researchers, academicians, and students for appropriate article referrals for evidence‐based clinical decision‐making.
Sixty‐eight consecutive patients assessed for COVID‐19 infection: Experience from a UK Regional infectious diseases Unit
Authors: Easom Nicholas , Moss Peter , Barlow Gavin , Samson Anda , Taynton Thomas , Adams Kate , Ivan Monica , Burns Phillipa , Gajee Kavitha , Eastick Kirstine , Lillie Patrick J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of possible infection with SARS‐CoV‐2, the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID‐19 illness, has been a major activity of infection services since the first reports of cases in December 2019.ObjectivesWe report a series of 68 patients assessed at a Regional Infection Unit in the UK.MethodsBetween 29 January 2020 and 24 February 2020, demographic, clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data were collected. We compared clinical features between patients not requiring admission for clinical reasons or antimicrobials with those assessed as needing either admission or antimicrobial treatment.ResultsPatients assessed were aged from 0 to 76 years; 36/68 were female. Peaks of clinical assessments coincided with updates to the case definition for suspected COVID‐19. Microbiological diagnoses included SARS‐CoV‐2, mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza A, non‐SARS/MERS coronaviruses and rhinovirus/enterovirus. Nine of sixty‐eight received antimicrobials, 15/68 were admitted, 5 due to inability to self‐isolate. Patients requiring admission on clinical grounds or antimicrobials (14/68) were more likely to have fever or raised respiratory rate compared to those not requiring admission or antimicrobials.ConclusionsThe majority of patients had mild illness, which did not require clinical intervention. This finding supports a community testing approach, supported by clinicians able to review more unwell patients. Extensions of the epidemiological criteria for the case definition of suspected COVID‐19 lead to increased screening intensity; strategies must be in place to accommodate this in time for forthcoming changes as the epidemic develops.
Characterization and risk assessment of the invasive papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus, in Kenya under changing climate
Authors: Heya Helen Msigo , Khamis Fathiya Mbarak , Onyambu Gladys Kemunto , Akutse Komivi Senyo , Mohamed Samira Abuelgasim , Kimathi Emily Kajuju , Ombura Fidelis Levi Odhiambo , Ekesi Sunday , Dubois Thomas , Subramanian Sevgan , Tanga Chrysantus Mbi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study was conducted to characterize the newly invasive papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink in Kenya using molecular techniques and to establish the potential risk of spread of the pest. Although abundant literature of P. marginatus outbreaks exists in other parts of the world, studies from Africa are rare. Our results revealed significant similarity between Kenyan samples with GenBank accession number KP692333.1 of P. marginatus. Phylogenetic analyses generated a tree that was paraphyletic with two clusters showing low genetic distance values for the P. marginatus sequences, which diverged from that of Planococcus citri. Our models displayed an optimal performance with mean area under the curve value of 0.82 and 0.98 for Genetic Algorithm for Rule‐Set Production (GARP) and maximum entropy modelling (MaxEnt), respectively. Isothermality was the most influential variable in determining the potential distribution of P. marginatus with a 69% contribution to the models. Other variables included temperature mean diurnal range temperature seasonality, temperature annual range and annual precipitation in decreasing order of contribution. Current prediction by both models exceeded the existing range of P. marginatus, exacerbating the potential threat of the pest. GARP was more conservative in predicting suitable areas for P. marginatus, while MaxEnt showed further expansion by the year 2050. Our findings provide important information to guide biosecurity agencies in decision‐making to prevent the spread and enhance control efforts of P. marginatus.
First record of albinism in the lanternshark family, Etmopteridae
Authors: Finucci Brittany 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA single albino specimen of the lanternshark, Lucifer's dogfish (Etmopterus lucifer), is reported here. The specimen was found among museum collections, having been captured near Cape Palliser, off the North Island of New Zealand in 1984. Morphometrics are reported, and with no retainment of pigmentation, the specimen is considered a complete albino. This is the first record of albinism for the family Etmopteridae and one of a handful of records for any deep‐sea chondrichthyans.
Modifying effects of a cobble substrate on thermal environments and implications for embryonic development in lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)
Authors: Thome Christopher , Laframboise Taylor , Mitz Charles , Clancy Eric , Bates Jacob , Somers Christopher M. , Manzon Richard G. , Wilson Joanna Y. , Gunn John M. , Boreham Douglas R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA laboratory flume was constructed to examine substrate effects on aquatic development. The flume was designed as a once‐through system with a submerged cobble‐filled corebox. Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) embryos and temperature probes were deployed at multiple sites within the cobble and in the open water channel. Embryos were incubated in the flume for two different experimental periods: one to examine substrate impacts during natural lake cooling (37 days: 5 December 2016 to 10 January 2017) and the second to investigate substrate effects while administering a twice weekly 1 h heat shock (51 days: 11 January to 2 March 2017). During incubation, no significant difference was found in the average temperature between locations; however, temperatures were more stable within the cobble. Following both incubation periods, embryos retrieved from the cobble were significantly smaller in both dry mass and body length by up to 20%. These results demonstrate differences between embryos submerged in a cobble substrate and in the open water column, highlighting the need to consider the physical influences from the incubation environment when assessing development effects as part of any scientific study or environmental assessment.
Local‐Migrant Gaps in Healthcare Utilization Between Older Migrants and Local Residents in China
Authors: Xi Sida , Song Yang , Li Xinghui , Li Mengying , Lu Zhongnan , Yang Yinghua , Wang Ying 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUNDOlder migrants in China without local resident registration (hukou) are a vulnerable population and face barriers to receiving local healthcare.OBJECTIVESWe aimed to quantify the disparities in healthcare utilization between older migrants and local residents in Shanghai, China.DESIGNThis was a cross‐sectional study.SETTINGThe study was conducted in Shanghai, China, in 2016.PARTICIPANTSOlder adults (aged ≥60 years) were recruited based on a three‐stage stratified cluster sampling method (2571 older locals and 1920 older migrants).MEASUREMENTSWe compared utilization of outpatient care, inpatient care, preventive care, emergency room (ER) admission, and dental care, as well as medication use between older migrants and local residents. The local‐migrant gap was parsed into observed and unobserved components using the Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition method.RESULTSOlder migrants were less likely to utilize outpatient (odds ratio [OR] = 0.757; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.617‐0.928), inpatient (OR = 0.642; 95% CI = 0.443‐0.931), and preventive care (OR = 0.743; 95% CI = 0.643‐0.858) and were more likely to use medication (OR = 1.254; 95% CI = 1.089‐1.445) than local residents. Differences in ER admissions and dental care utilization were not significant in the regression analysis. The decomposition results indicated that 55% and 71% of the local‐migrant gap in outpatient and preventive care utilization were attributable to individual characteristics, like health insurance. Unobserved components, including hukou‐related factors and personal heterogeneous preferences, contributed 59% and 63% to utilization of inpatient care and medication use, respectively.CONCLUSIONWe identified local‐migrant gaps in healthcare utilization among older adults in China. Further research is needed into integration of the health insurance system, accessibility of public health welfare benefits, and reconstruction of social networks among older migrants. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1560‐1567, 2020.
Mediolateral Episiotomy: Technique, Practice, and Training
Authors: Hersh Sally Rollow , Emeis Cathy L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEpisiotomy is one of the most common obstetric procedures. However, restrictive use of episiotomy has led to a decrease in its use in the United States. Historically, mediolateral episiotomy has been performed less often than median episiotomy in the United States, but both have purported advantages and disadvantages. Emerging research on episiotomy and obstetric anal sphincter injuries has led to an examination of the effects of mediolateral episiotomy. This article describes performance of a mediolateral episiotomy in a situation of fetal bradycardia. Technical aspects of the incision and repair are described, and outcome data and knowledge gaps are summarized. Implications for practice, clinical competency, and education are reviewed.
Neurocognitive functioning in patients with conversion disorder/functional neurological disorder
Authors: de Vroege Lars , Koppenol Iris , Kop Willem Johan , Riem Madelon M.E. , van der Feltz‐Cornelis Christina Maria 
Published: March 2020

Neurocognitive symptoms are common in individuals with somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRD), but little is known about the specific impairments in neurocognitive domains in patients with conversion disorder (CD)/functional neurological disorder (FND). This study examines neurocognitive functioning in patients with CD/FND compared to patients with other SSRD. The sample consisted of 318 patients. Twenty‐nine patients were diagnosed with CD/FND, mean age 42.4, standard deviation (SD) = 13.8 years, 79.3% women, and 289 patients had other SSRD (mean age 42.1, SD = 13.3, 60.2% women). Patients completed a neuropsychological test battery that addressed a broad range of neurocognitive domains, including information processing speed, attention and executive functioning. Patients with CD/FND had clinically significant neurocognitive deficits in all neurocognitive domains based on normative data comparison. Patients with CD/FND also performed significantly worse than patients with other SSRD on information processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test (V = .115, p = .035), Stroop Color–Word Test (SCWT) card 1 (V = .190, p = .006), and SCWT card 2 (V = .244, p < .001). No CD/FND vs. other SSRD differences were observed in other neurocognitive domains. These findings indicate the patients with CD/FND perform worse on information processing speed tests compared to patients with other SSRD.
Relationship between symptom burden, medication adherence and spiritual well‐being in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Helvaci Aylin , Izgu Nur , Ozdemir Leyla 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate the relationship between symptom burden, medication adherence and spiritual well‐being in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).BackgroundThe relationship between spirituality and medication adherence has been investigated in different chronic conditions. However, the relationship between symptom burden, medication adherence and spiritual well‐being in patients with COPD has not been explored.DesignA descriptive correlational study design was adopted.MethodsA total of 112 patients with COPD were included in the study. Data were collected using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT), the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale‐7 (ARMS‐7) and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐Being Scale (FACIT‐Sp). The data were analysed using descriptive and correlational statistics. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Checklist was used.ResultsThe CAT score was significantly higher in patients on long‐term oxygen therapy and those who had more than three comorbid conditions (p < .05). The mean score of ARMS‐7 was significantly associated with age (p < .05). Current smokers had higher ARMS‐7 and lower FACIT‐Sp scores (p < .001). The FACIT‐Sp score was negatively and moderately associated with the CAT and ARMS‐7 scores (p < .001).ConclusionThis study concluded that individuals with higher spiritual well‐being had lower symptom burden and higher medication adherence. The need for long‐term oxygen therapy and a high number of comorbid conditions were associated with increased symptom burden. Current smokers had lower spiritual well‐being and medication adherence.Relevance to clinical practiceSpiritual well‐being should be evaluated when assessing symptom burden and medication adherence in clinical practice. In addition, further studies examining the causal relationship between symptom burden, spiritual well‐being and medication adherence in different populations are warranted.
You can't flight, you need to fight—A qualitative study of mothers' experiences of feeding extremely preterm infants
Authors: Mӧrelius Evalotte , Kling Kajsa , Haraldsson Eva , Alehagen Siw 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo describe mother's experiences of feeding their extremely preterm infant.BackgroundWhen an infant is born extremely preterm, there is a long rocky road for the mother if she wants to breastfeed. Some manage to reach their goals, others do not. Studies of feeding extremely preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are scarce.DesignA qualitative method with an inductive approach.MethodsNine mothers giving birth to extremely preterm infants were interviewed by telephone after discharge from the NICU. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed with qualitative content analysis. The COREQ checklist was followed.ResultsThe overall theme was “you can't flight, you need to fight.” The theme reflects the mothers’ will to do the best for their infants even if the struggle with milk expression and breastfeeding practice evoked feelings of helplessness, exposure, worry and disappointment. The categories forming the theme were as follows: The wish to provide own breastmilk; For the infant's best; Loss of control; and Help to reach the goals.ConclusionThe mothers had a strong will to provide breastmilk to their infants but requested more support in order to be successful.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a need for evidence‐based support programmes for mothers of extremely preterm infants to encourage them to persevere with milk expression and breastfeeding over time.
What is the nature of Mental Capacity Act training and how do health and social care practitioners change their practice post‐training? A narrative review
Authors: Jenkins Catharine , Webster Natalie , Smythe Analisa , Cowdell Fiona 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAim and objectiveTo identify training strategies and determine how registered health and social care practitioners change their practice after Mental Capacity Act training.DesignNarrative literature review.Data sourcesSeventeen databases were searched up to December 2019: CINAHL, Social Care Online, PubMed, Social Policy and Practice, Discover, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Ovid, 0of Science, British Nursing Index, DH‐Data and King's Fund Library Catalogue.Review MethodsEmpirical studies of any design investigating Mental Capacity Act training were searched and screened. Data were extracted to a bespoke spreadsheet and quality assessed. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA).ResultsOf 162 papers identified, 16 were included comprising qualitative, quantitative and mixed‐methods studies. Trainees valued interactive training with close alignment to practice. Training did not lead to demonstrable practice change. Barriers in the context and cultures of care environments were identified.ConclusionTo facilitate application of Mental Capacity Act legislation, identified barriers should be addressed. Future training should be interactive, scenario‐based and relevant to trainees’ practice.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe Mental Capacity Act is widely misunderstood and implemented poor. Training is proposed as a solution, but the nature of training that will positively affect practice remains unknown. This review aims to address this gap in the evidence base. Interactive training, using scenarios that reflect practice complexities, has the most positive impact. Cultural norms in care environments may impede application of this legislation.The review has international relevance as there is a global imperative to adhere to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The review will inform training design and delivery to ensure that people with impaired capacity to make decisions are given the best opportunity to act autonomously.