bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking on endothelial function and clinical outcomes
Authors: Münzel Thomas , Hahad Omar , Kuntic Marin , Keaney John F , Deanfield John E , Daiber Andreas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of non-communicable disease globally and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lung disease. Importantly, recent data by the World Health Organizations (WHO) indicate that in the last two decades global tobacco use has significantly dropped, which was largely driven by decreased numbers of female smokers. Despite such advances, the use of e-cigarettes and waterpipes (shisha, hookah, narghile) is an emerging trend, especially among younger generations. There is growing body of evidence that e-cigarettes are not a harm-free alternative to tobacco cigarettes and there is considerable debate as to whether e-cigarettes are saving smokers or generating new addicts. Here, we provide an updated overview of the impact of tobacco/waterpipe (shisha) smoking and e-cigarette vaping on endothelial function, a biomarker for early, subclinical, atherosclerosis from human and animal studies. Also their emerging adverse effects on the proteome, transcriptome, epigenome, microbiome, and the circadian clock are summarized. We briefly discuss heat-not-burn tobacco products and their cardiovascular health effects. We discuss the impact of the toxic constituents of these products on endothelial function and subsequent CVD and we also provide an update on current recommendations, regulation and advertising with focus on the USA and Europe. As outlined by the WHO, tobacco cigarette, waterpipe, and e-cigarette smoking/vaping may contribute to an increased burden of symptoms due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to severe health consequences.
Ewastools: Infinium Human Methylation BeadChip pipeline for population epigenetics integrated into Galaxy
Authors: Murat Katarzyna , Grüning Björn , Poterlowicz Paulina Wiktoria , Westgate Gillian , Tobin Desmond J , Poterlowicz Krzysztof 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Infinium Human Methylation BeadChip is an array platform for complex evaluation of DNA methylation at an individual CpG locus in the human genome based on Illumina's bead technology and is one of the most common techniques used in epigenome-wide association studies. Finding associations between epigenetic variation and phenotype is a significant challenge in biomedical research. The newest version, HumanMethylationEPIC, quantifies the DNA methylation level of 850,000 CpG sites, while the previous versions, HumanMethylation450 and HumanMethylation27, measured &gt;450,000 and 27,000 loci, respectively. Although a number of bioinformatics tools have been developed to analyse this assay, they require some programming skills and experience in order to be usable.

Results
We have developed a pipeline for the Galaxy platform for those without experience aimed at DNA methylation analysis using the Infinium Human Methylation BeadChip. Our tool is integrated into Galaxy (http://galaxyproject.org), a web-based platform. This allows users to analyse data from the Infinium Human Methylation BeadChip in the easiest possible way.

Conclusions
The pipeline provides a group of integrated analytical methods wrapped into an easy-to-use interface. Our tool is available from the Galaxy ToolShed, GitHub repository, and also as a Docker image. The aim of this project is to make Infinium Human Methylation BeadChip analysis more flexible and accessible to everyone.
Left bundle branch block revealing a primary small bowel carcinoid metastasizing to the interventricular septum
Authors: Said Sameh M , Nijjar Prabhjot , Klein Molly , John Ranjit 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Carcinoid tumours of the heart occur most commonly as a result of metastatic disease and usually affect the right side of the heart. We report a case of a solitary carcinoid metastasis to the interventricular septum without hepatic involvement in a 74-year-old man.
Heat wave characteristics, mortality and effect modification by temperature zones: a time-series study in 130 counties of China
Authors: Sun Zhiying , Chen Chen , Yan Meilin , Shi Wanying , Wang Jiaonan , Ban Jie , Sun Qinghua , He Mike Z , Li Tiantian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The substantial disease burden attributed to heat waves, and their increasing frequency and intensity due to climate change, highlight the importance of understanding the health consequences of heat waves. We explore the mortality risk due to heat wave characteristics, including the timing in the seasons, the day of the heat wave, the intensity and the duration, and the modifying effect of temperature zones.

Methods
Heat waves were defined as ≥ 2 days with a temperature ≥99th percentile for the county from 1 May through 30 September. Heat waves were characterized by their intensity, duration, timing in the season, and day of the heat wave. Within each county, we estimated the total non-accidental death and cardiovascular disease mortality during each heat wave compared with non-heat wave days by controlling for potential confounders in summer. We combined individual heat wave effect estimates using a random-effects model to calculate overall effects at the temperature zone and national levels.

Results
The average daily total number of non-accidental deaths was nine in the warm season (across all the counties). Approximately half of the daily total number of non-accidental deaths were cardiovascular-related deaths (approximately four persons per day). The average and maximum temperatures across the study area were 23.1 °C (range: -1.2–35.9 °C) and 28.3 °C (range: 5.4–42.8 °C), respectively. The average relative humidity during the study was 68.9% (range: 8.0–100.0%). Heat waves increase the risk of total non-accidental death by 15.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.5, 18.9] compared with non-heat wave periods, and the risk of cardiovascular-related death increases by 22.0% (95% CI: 16.9, 27.4). The risk of non-accidental death during the first heat wave of the season increases by 16.3% (95% CI: 12.6, 20.2), the risk during the second heat wave increases by 6.3% (95% CI: 2.8, 9.9) and during subsequent heat waves increases by -2.1% (95% CI: -4.6, 0.4). The first day and the second to third days of heat waves increase the risk of total non-accidental death by 11.7% (95% CI: 7.6, 15.9) and 17.0% (95% CI: 13.1, 21.0), respectively. Effects of heat waves on mortality lasted more than 4 days (6.3%, 95% CI: 2.4, 10.5) and are non-significantly different from the first day of heat waves. We found non-significant differences of the heat wave-associated mortality risks across mid-, warm and subtropical temperature zones.

Conclusions
In China, the effect of heat waves on mortality is acute, and varies by certain characteristics of heat waves. Given these results, national heat wave early warning systems should be developed, as well as precautions and protection warranted according to characteristics of heat waves.
Development and validation of a dosing nomogram for amoxicillin in infective endocarditis
Authors: Rambaud Antoine , Gaborit Benjamin Jean , Deschanvres Colin , Le Turnier Paul , Lecomte Raphaël , Asseray-Madani Nathalie , Leroy Anne-Gaëlle , Deslandes Guillaume , Dailly Éric , Jolliet Pascale , Boutoille David , Bellouard Ronan , Gregoire Matthieu ,   the Nantes Anti-Microbial Agents PK/PD (NAMAP) study group, Raffi Francois , Boutoille David , Biron Charlotte , Lefebvre Maeva , Gaborit Benjamin Jean , Turnier Paul L E , Deschanvres Colin , Lecomte Raphael , Chauveau Marie , Asseray Nathalie , Gregoire Matthieu , Bellouard Ronan , Deslandes Guillaume , Dailly Eric , Leroy Anne-Gaëlle , Corvec Stéphane , Bemer Pascale , Caillon Jocelyne , Guillouzouic Aurélie , Huon Jean-François , Navas Dominique , Raffi Francois , Boutoille David , Biron Charlotte , Lefebvre Maeva , Gaborit Benjamin Jean , Turnier Paul L E , Deschanvres Colin , Lecomte Raphael , Chauveau Marie , Asseray Nathalie , Gregoire Matthieu , Bellouard Ronan , Deslandes Guillaume , Dailly Eric , Leroy Anne-Gaëlle , Corvec Stéphane , Bemer Pascale , Caillon Jocelyne , Guillouzouic Aurélie , Huon Jean-François , Navas Dominique 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmoxicillin is the first-line treatment for streptococcal or enterococcal infective endocarditis (IE) with a dose regimen adapted to weight.ObjectivesCovariates influencing pharmacokinetics (PK) of amoxicillin were identified in order to develop a dosing nomogram based on identified covariates for individual adaptation.Patients and methodsPatients treated with amoxicillin administered by continuous infusion for IE were included retrospectively. The population PK analysis was performed using the Pmetrics package for R (NPAG algorithm). Influence of weight, ideal weight, height, BMI, body surface area, glomerular filtration rate adapted to the body surface area and calculated by the CKD-EPI method (mL/min), additional ceftriaxone treatment and serum protein level on amoxicillin PK was tested. A nomogram was then developed to determine the daily dose needed to achieve a steady-state free plasma concentration above 4× MIC, 100% of the time, without exceeding a total plasma concentration of 80 mg/L.ResultsA total of 160 patients were included. Population PK analysis was performed on 540 amoxicillin plasma concentrations. A two-compartment model best described amoxicillin PK and the glomerular filtration rate covariate significantly improved the model when included in the calculation of the elimination constant Ke.ConclusionsThis work allowed the development of a dosing nomogram that can help to increase achievement of the PK/pharmacodynamic targets in IE treated with amoxicillin.
A review of auditing techniques for the Unified Medical Language System
Authors: Zheng Ling , He Zhe , Wei Duo , Keloth Vipina , Fan Jung-Wei , Lindemann Luke , Zhu Xinxin , Cimino James J , Perl Yehoshua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study sought to describe the literature related to the development of methods for auditing the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), with particular attention to identifying errors and inconsistencies of attributes of the concepts in the UMLS Metathesaurus.Materials and MethodsWe applied the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach by searching the MEDLINE database and Google Scholar for studies referencing the UMLS and any of several terms related to auditing, error detection, and quality assurance. A qualitative analysis and summarization of articles that met inclusion criteria were performed.ResultsEighty-three studies were reviewed in detail. We first categorized techniques based on various aspects including concepts, concept names, and synonymy (n = 37), semantic type assignments (n = 36), hierarchical relationships (n = 24), lateral relationships (n = 12), ontology enrichment (n = 8), and ontology alignment (n = 18). We also categorized the methods according to their level of automation (ie, automated systematic, automated heuristic, or manual) and the type of knowledge used (ie, intrinsic or extrinsic knowledge).ConclusionsThis study is a comprehensive review of the published methods for auditing the various conceptual aspects of the UMLS. Categorizing the auditing techniques according to the various aspects will enable the curators of the UMLS as well as researchers comprehensive easy access to this wealth of knowledge (eg, for auditing lateral relationships in the UMLS). We also reviewed ontology enrichment and alignment techniques due to their critical use of and impact on the UMLS.
AFI Corp. PixeeMo™ for Enumeration of Aerobic Bacteria in Drinking Water: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 012002
Authors: Wakizaka Yoshikazu , Itoi Takayuki , Takano Masayo , Kato Eiko , Sato Yusei , Morita Satoshi , Enjoji Takaharu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
PixeeMo™ is a compact instrument that enables bacterial cell counting using microfluidic chips instead of counting of colonies on culture media. Chips containing electrodes, based on fluid, electric filtering and sorting technology (FES), allow the selection of bacterial cells from other components in the sample. In the United States (US), surface water or ground water affected by surface water must be treated to reduce the total microbial load to less than 500 CFU/mL. In Japan, drinking water regulations limit the total bacterial load to 100 CFU/mL.

Objective
To validate the PixeeMoTM aerobic bacteria method based on the Japanese regulation in the range of 30–300 CFU/mL in drinking water.

Method
PixeeMoTM aerobic bacteria method was compared to the Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (SMEWW) 9215B (2017) using naturally contaminated drinking water.

Results
The maximum repeatability standard deviation of the PixeeMoTM method was 14.8%. The difference of mean log10 values between the PixeeMoTM and SMEWW 9215B methods ranged from −0.015 to 0.258. Similar results were obtained in the independent laboratory study.

Conclusions
The PixeeMoTM method is equivalent to that of the SMEWW 9215B methods. The product consistency and stability study demonstrated no significant difference within the expiration date. The robustness study confirmed that there was no effect within the expected range. The instrument variation study also demonstrated no significant difference among the data of three PixeeMoTM instruments.

Highlights
Total counts of bacteria in drinking water can be determined accurately within 1 h with PixeeMoTM.
Differences in enzymatic activity in wild long-arm river prawns, Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae), from different habitats
Authors: de los Santos-Romero Rodolfo , Peña Emyr , Álvarez-González Carlos Alfonso , Cruz-Ramírez Fernanda , López-Vásquez Joshua , García-Guerrero Marcelo U 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Studies on the nutrition of wild populations of freshwater prawns, valuable in the determination of feeding habits and requirements, are scarce or inadequate. We analyzed the digestive tract of individuals of Macrobrachium tenellum (Smith, 1871) (Palaemonidae) sampled from three different coastal habitats (an estuary, a lagoon, and a river) in the southeastern Mexico Pacific coast to determine if individuals show any variations in their enzymatic activities. Prawns of different size (adult or juvenile) showed the most significant differences among them in the kind and amount of enzyme activity, whereas location and sex differences resulted in less significant differences. Results suggest that feeding habits and not habitat, are the main cause of differences between age classes.
Disgusted and Afraid: Consumer Choices under the Threat of Contagious Disease
Authors: Galoni Chelsea , Carpenter Gregory S , Rao Hayagreeva 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Consumers regularly encounter cues of contagious disease in daily life—a commuter sneezes on the train, a colleague blows their nose in a meeting, or they read recent headlines about the dangerous spread of a disease. Research has overwhelmingly argued that the dominant response to these cues is disgust—an emotion that leads to a desire to reject and avoid potential contamination. We argue, however, that contagious disease cues can also elicit fear. Across four experiments and two large empirical data analyses of the presence of contagious disease on actual consumption behavior, we find that cues of contagious disease increase both fear and disgust, and these emotions together form a unique behavioral tendency with respect to consumer behavior. Relative to either emotion alone, disgust and fear increase preference for more-familiar products asymmetrically over less-familiar ones. These results contribute theoretically to research on complex emotional states and the behavioral tendencies of emotions, document a systematic and consequential impact of contagious disease cues on real consumption behavior, and have significant practical implications for marketers.
COVID-19 and reproductive justice in Great Britain and the United States: ensuring access to abortion care during a global pandemic
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe , Parsons Jordan A , Hodson Nathan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper we consider the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic is having on access to abortion care in Great Britain (GB) (England, Wales, and Scotland) and the United States (US). The pandemic has exacerbated problems in access to abortion services because social distancing or lockdown measures, increasing caring responsibilities, and the need to self-isolate are making clinics much more difficult to access, and this is when clinics are able to stay open which many are not. In response we argue there is a need to facilitate telemedical early medical abortion in order to ensure access to essential healthcare for people in need of terminations. There are substantial legal barriers to the establishment of telemedical abortion services in parts of GB and parts of the US. We argue that during a pandemic any restriction on telemedicine for basic healthcare is an unjustifiable human rights violation and, in the US, is unconstitutional.
Risk factors for severe gastrointestinal toxicity in patients receiving palliative radiotherapy for metastatic bone tumors: association with the use of molecular-targeted agents
Authors: Murakami Yuji , Kenjo Masahiro , Ishikawa Kazuki , Sakayauchi Toru , Itasaka Satoshi , Negoro Yoshiharu , Jingu Keiichi , Nishimura Yasumasa , Nagata Yasushi , Ogawa Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the use of molecular-targeted agents could affect gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity in palliative radiotherapy (RT) for metastatic bone tumors in the abdominopelvic region. We collected data of patients who received palliative RT for bone metastases in the abdominopelvic region between 2013 and 2014 from six institutions. Data of 395 patients were collected and184 patients received molecularly targeted therapy, of whom 80 received vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted agents. For 556 lesions, 410 sessions of irradiation were undergone. GI toxicity of ≥G3 was observed in 3.8% of patients. The incidence rates of ≥G3 GI toxicity in patients without targeted agents use, in those using VEGF-targeted agents and in those using non-VEGF-targeted agents were 3.8, 7.5 and 1.0%, respectively. Regarding risk factors of the occurrence of ≥G3 GI toxicity, univariate analysis in all patients showed that a history of abdominopelvic surgery was a significant risk factor (P = 0.01), and the use of VEGF-targeted agents showed a trend of high incidence (P = 0.06). In patients using VEGF-targeted agents, both univariate and multivariate analysis showed that combined anticoagulant use (P = 0.03 and 0.01) and agent use between 1 week before and after RT (P = 0.046 and 0.03) were significant risk factors. In conclusion, the history of abdominopelvic surgery was associated with ≥G3 GI toxicity and the use of VEGF-targeted agents showed a trend for high incidence. When using VEGF-targeted agents, caution should be exercised in the combined use of anticoagulants and in the agent use between 1 week before and after RT.
Laparoscopic repair of Morgagni’s hernia in an elderly female patient
Authors: Leite Cláudia , Aveiro Débora , Simão Rosa , Coelho Sandra , Casimiro Carlos 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Morgagni’s hernia is a very uncommon congenital diaphragmatic hernia. A few patients may remain asymptomatic until adulthood. Clinical presentation may include bowel obstruction, chest pain or dyspnoea. The authors report the case of a 71-year-old female patient, admitted to the emergency department due to respiratory symptoms, whose thoracic computed tomography revealed a large Morgagni’s hernia, containing colon. She underwent an elective laparoscopic repair with mesh. Thoracic computed tomography is the best imaging study for its diagnosis. Laparoscopic repair is safe and allows symptomatic relief and incarceration risk reduction.
The physiology of drought stress in grapevine: towards an integrative definition of drought tolerance
Authors: Gambetta Gregory A , Herrera Jose Carlos , Dayer Silvina , Feng Quishuo , Hochberg Uri , Castellarin Simone D 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWater availability is arguably the most important environmental factor limiting crop growth and productivity. Erratic precipitation patterns and increased temperatures resulting from climate change will likely make drought events more frequent in many regions, increasing the demand on freshwater resources and creating major challenges for agriculture. Addressing these challenges through increased irrigation is not always a sustainable solution so there is a growing need to identify and/or breed drought-tolerant crop varieties in order to maintain sustainability in the context of climate change. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera), a major fruit crop of economic importance, has emerged as a model perennial fruit crop for the study of drought tolerance. This review synthesizes the most recent results on grapevine drought responses, the impact of water deficit on fruit yield and composition, and the identification of drought-tolerant varieties. Given the existing gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying grapevine drought responses, we aim to answer the following question: how can we move towards a more integrative definition of grapevine drought tolerance?
Radial migration and vertical action in N-body simulations
Authors: Mikkola Daniel , McMillan Paul J , Hobbs David 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the radial migration of stars as a function of orbital action as well as the structural properties of a large suite of N-body simulations of isolated disc galaxies. Our goal is to establish a relationship between the radial migration efficiency of stars and their vertical action. We aim to describe how that relationship depends on the relative gravitational dominance between the disc and the dark matter halo. By changing the mass ratio of our disc and dark matter halo, we find a relationship between disc dominance, number, and strength of spiral arms, and the ensuing radial migration as a function of the vertical action. We conclude that the importance of migration at large vertical action depends on the strength of the spiral arms and therefore the dominance of the disc. Populations with more radial action undergo less radial migration, independently of disc dominance. Our results are important for the future of analytical modelling of radial migration in galaxies and further the understanding of radial migration that is a key component of the restructuring of galaxies, including the Milky Way.