bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forgotten Wishes: End-of-Life Documents for Trans People with Dementia at the Margins of Legal Change
Authors: Baril Alexandre , Silverman Marjorie , Gauthier Marie-Claire , Lévesque Maude 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLiterature on the topic of trans older adults has documented a few anecdotal cases in which some trans people living with dementia forgot they transitioned and reidentified with their sex assigned at birth (“detransition”). Trans communities and their allies have encouraged trans people to engage in end-of-life planning, including the preparation of legal documents that state their wishes regarding gender identity and expression in the event of “incapacity” caused by dementia. While useful, we contend that end-of-life planning is often implicitly based on cisnormative and cognonormative (normative system based on cognitive abilities) assumptions. Such planning is founded on a stable notion of gender identity throughout the life course (“post-transition”) and assumes that the pre-dementia self is better equipped to make decisions than the “demented” self. We conclude by encouraging, based on an intersectional, trans-affirmative, crip-positive, and age-positive approach, respect for the agency of trans people with dementia.
On branching models with alarm triggerings
Authors: Lefèvre Claude , Picard Philippe , Utev Sergey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe discuss a continuous-time Markov branching model in which each individual can trigger an alarm according to a Poisson process. The model is stopped when a given number of alarms is triggered or when there are no more individuals present. Our goal is to determine the distribution of the state of the population at this stopping time. In addition, the state distribution at any fixed time is also obtained. The model is then modified to take into account the possible influence of death cases. All distributions are derived using probability-generating functions, and the approach followed is based on the construction of families of martingales.
Oscillations for order statistics of some discrete processes
Authors: Ottolini Andrea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuppose k balls are dropped into n boxes independently with uniform probability, where n, k are large with ratio approximately equal to some positive real
$\lambda$
. The maximum box count has a counterintuitive behavior: first of all, with high probability it takes at most two values
$m_n$
or
$m_n+1$
, where
$m_n$
is roughly
$\frac{\ln n}{\ln \ln n}$
. Moreover, it oscillates between these two values with an unusual periodicity. In order to prove this statement and various generalizations, it is first shown that for
$X_1,\ldots,X_n$
independent and identically distributed discrete random variables with common distribution F, under mild conditions, the limiting distribution of their maximum oscillates in three possible families, depending on the tail of the distribution. The result stated at the beginning follows from the ensemble equivalence for the order statistics in various allocations problems, obtained via conditioning limit theory. Results about the number of ties for the maximum, as well as applications, are also provided.
Explicit results on conditional distributions of generalized exponential mixtures
Authors: Klüppelberg Claudia , Seifert Miriam Isabel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor independent exponentially distributed random variables
$X_i$
,
$i\in {\mathcal{N}}$
, with distinct rates
${\lambda}_i$
we consider sums
$\sum_{i\in\mathcal{A}} X_i$
for
$\mathcal{A}\subseteq {\mathcal{N}}$
which follow generalized exponential mixture distributions. We provide novel explicit results on the conditional distribution of the total sum
$\sum_{i\in {\mathcal{N}}}X_i$
given that a subset sum
$\sum_{j\in \mathcal{A}}X_j$
exceeds a certain threshold value
$t>0$
, and vice versa. Moreover, we investigate the characteristic tail behavior of these conditional distributions for
$t\to\infty$
. Finally, we illustrate how our probabilistic results can be applied in practice by providing examples from both reliability theory and risk management.
On the behavior of the failure rate and reversed failure rate in engineering systems
Authors: Tavangar Mahdi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper the behaviour of the failure rate and reversed failure rate of an n-component coherent system is studied, where it is assumed that the lifetimes of the components are independent and have a common cumulative distribution function F. Sufficient conditions are provided under which the system failure rate is increasing and the corresponding reversed failure rate is decreasing. We also study the stochastic and ageing properties of doubly truncated random variables for coherent systems.
Stochastic comparisons of largest-order statistics for proportional reversed hazard rate model and applications
Authors: Li Lu , Wu Qinyu , Mao Tiantian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate stochastic comparisons of parallel systems (corresponding to the largest-order statistics) with respect to the reversed hazard rate and likelihood ratio orders for the proportional reversed hazard rate (PRHR) model. As applications of the main results, we obtain the equivalent characterizations of stochastic comparisons with respect to the reversed hazard rate and likelihood rate orders for the exponentiated generalized gamma and exponentiated Pareto distributions. Our results recover and strengthen some recent results in the literature.
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF SKOLEM’S EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
Authors: BERARDUCCI ALESSANDRO , MAMINO MARCELLO 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSkolem (1956) studied the germs at infinity of the smallest class of real valued functions on the positive real line containing the constant
$1$
, the identity function
${\mathbf {x}}$
, and such that whenever f and g are in the set,
$f+g,fg$
and
$f^g$
are in the set. This set of germs is well ordered and Skolem conjectured that its order type is epsilon-zero. Van den Dries and Levitz (1984) computed the order type of the fragment below
$2^{2^{\mathbf {x}}}$
. Here we prove that the set of asymptotic classes within any Archimedean class of Skolem functions has order type
$\omega $
. As a consequence we obtain, for each positive integer n, an upper bound for the fragment below
$2^{n^{\mathbf {x}}}$
. We deduce an epsilon-zero upper bound for the fragment below
$2^{{\mathbf {x}}^{\mathbf {x}}}$
, improving the previous epsilon-omega bound by Levitz (1978). A novel feature of our approach is the use of Conway’s surreal number for asymptotic calculations.
INFINITARY GENERALIZATIONS OF DELIGNE’S COMPLETENESS THEOREM
Authors: ESPÍNDOLA CHRISTIAN 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGiven a regular cardinal
$\kappa $
such that
$\kappa ^{<\kappa }=\kappa $
(or any regular
$\kappa $
if the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis holds), we study a class of toposes with enough points, the
$\kappa $
-separable toposes. These are equivalent to sheaf toposes over a site with
$\kappa $
-small limits that has at most
$\kappa $
many objects and morphisms, the (basis for the) topology being generated by at most
$\kappa $
many covering families, and that satisfy a further exactness property T. We prove that these toposes have enough
$\kappa $
-points, that is, points whose inverse image preserve all
$\kappa $
-small limits. This generalizes the separable toposes of Makkai and Reyes, that are a particular case when
$\kappa =\omega $
, when property T is trivially satisfied. This result is essentially a completeness theorem for a certain infinitary logic that we call
$\kappa $
-geometric, where conjunctions of less than
$\kappa $
formulas and existential quantification on less than
$\kappa $
many variables is allowed. We prove that
$\kappa $
-geometric theories have a
$\kappa $
-classifying topos having property T, the universal property being that models of the theory in a Grothendieck topos with property T correspond to
$\kappa $
-geometric morphisms (geometric morphisms the inverse image of which preserves all
$\kappa $
-small limits) into that topos. Moreover, we prove that
$\kappa $
-separable toposes occur as the
$\kappa $
-classifying toposes of
$\kappa $
-geometric theories of at most
$\kappa $
many axioms in canonical form, and that every such
$\kappa $
-classifying topos is
$\kappa $
-separable. Finally, we consider the case when
$\kappa $
is weakly compact and study the
$\kappa $
-classifying topos of a
$\kappa $
-coherent theory (with at most
$\kappa $
many axioms), that is, a theory where only disjunction of less than
$\kappa $
formulas are allowed, obtaining a version of Deligne’s theorem for
$\kappa $
-coherent toposes from which we can derive, among other things, Karp’s completeness theorem for infinitary classical logic.
Metataxonomics contributes to unravel the microbiota of a Brazilian dairy
Authors: Frazilio Diego Araújo , Almeida Otávio Guilherme Gonçalves de , Oliveira Carlos Augusto Fernandes de , Lee Sarah Hwa In , Corassin Carlos Humberto , Alves Virgínia Farias , De Martinis Elaine Cristina Pereira 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor this research communication, 90 samples of a Brazilian dairy were combined into four groups (raw material, final product, food-contact and non-food contact surfaces) and analyzed by metataxonomics based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed high alpha-diversity indexes for final product and non-food contact surfaces but, overall, beta-diversity indexes were low. The samples were separated in two main clusters, and the core microbiota was composed by Macrococcus, Alkaliphilus, Vagococcus, Lactobacillus, Marinilactibacillus, Streptococcus, Lysinibacillus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Halomonas, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Bacillus and Psychrobacter. These results highlight that rare taxa occur in dairies, and this may aid the development of strategies for food protection.
Root nouns in Elfdalian: Categorisation and etymology
Authors: Hansen Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractElsewhere I have proposed a set of rules according to which we may categorise Germanic root nouns into three chronological layers. In this article, I present a synchronic classification of all of the Elfdalian actual and potential root-noun continuants as well as their etymologies and derivational histories in light of this proposal and in order to reveal (i) some interesting aspects of the general processes involved in shifts of inflectional class, and (ii) whether or not some of these processes in Elfdalian when compared to other Nordic varieties may shed light on the cladistical status of Elfdalian within North Germanic. The analysis shows that, while those Elfdalian root-noun continuants whose ancestral forms belong to layers I, IIa and IIb generally remain stable and keep their appurtenance to the root-noun inflectional class, some of the (non-)root-noun continuants actually and potentially belonging to layer III deserve additional attention with regard to this twofold aim.
Resilient managed competition during pandemics: lessons from the Italian experience during COVID-19
Authors: Costa Font Joan , Levaggi Rosella , Turati Gilberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the last decades, several European health systems have abandoned their vertically integrated health care in favour of some form of managed competition (MC), either in a centralised or decentralised format. However, during a pandemic, MC may put health systems under additional strain as they are designed to follow some form of ‘organisational self-interest’, and hence face reduced incentives for both provider coordination (e.g. temporary hospital close down, change in the case-mix), and information sharing. We illustrate our argument using evidence for the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak in Italy during March and April 2020, which calls for the development of ‘coordination mechanisms’ at times of a health emergency.
The notion of “protracted armed conflict” in the Rome Statute and the termination of armed conflicts under international law: An analysis of select issues
Authors: Lewis Dustin A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLegal controversies and disagreements have arisen about the timing and duration of numerous contemporary armed conflicts, not least regarding how to discern precisely when those conflicts began and when they ended (if indeed they have ended). The existence of several long-running conflicts – some stretching across decades – and the corresponding suffering that they entail accentuate the stakes of these debates. To help shed light on some select aspects of the duration of contemporary wars, this article analyzes two sets of legal issues: first, the notion of “protracted armed conflict” as formulated in a war-crimes-related provision of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and second, the rules, principles and standards laid down in international humanitarian law and international criminal law pertaining to when armed conflicts have come to an end. The upshot of the analysis is that under existing international law, there is no general category of “protracted armed conflict”; that the question of whether to pursue such a category raises numerous challenges; and that several dimensions of the law concerning the end of armed conflict are unsettled.
International humanitarian law in Colombia: Going a step beyond
Authors: Giraldo Muñoz Marcela , Serralvo Jose 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEver since the first quarter of the nineteenth century, Colombia has shifted from one war to the next, be it the War of Independence, the fierce confrontations between liberal and conservative parties or the countless conflicts among guerrillas, paramilitary groups and the State. These wars have brought along a unique contribution to the development of international humanitarian law (IHL). The purpose of this article is to explore the myriad of ways in which Colombia has implemented (and at times made progress on) IHL rules, and to analyze how different conflicts have led the country to explore issues such as the protection of minors, the meaning of the principle of precaution, the compensation of armed conflict victims and the creation of some rather sophisticated transitional justice mechanisms.
Genetic and Environmental Causes of Individual Differences in Borderline Personality Disorder Features and Loneliness are Partially Shared
Authors: Schermer Julie Aitken , Colodro-Conde Lucía , Grasby Katrina L. , Hickie Ian B. , Burns Jane , Ligthart Lannie , Willemsen Gonneke , Trull Timothy J. , Martin Nicholas G. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLoneliness is related to mental and somatic health outcomes, including borderline personality disorder. Here, we analyze the sources of variation that are responsible for the relationship between borderline personality features (including four dimensions, affective instability, identity disturbance, negative relationships, self-harm and a total score) and loneliness. Using genetically informative data from two large nonclinical samples of adult twin pairs from Australia and the Netherlands (N = 11,329), we estimate the phenotypic, genetic and environmental correlations between self-reported borderline personality features and loneliness. Individual differences in borderline personality and loneliness were best explained by additive genetic factors with heritability estimates h2 = 41% for the borderline personality total score and h2 = 36% for loneliness, with the remaining variation explained by environmental influences that were not shared by twins from the same pair. Genetic and environmental factors influencing borderline personality (total score and four subscales separately) were also partial causes of loneliness. The correlation between loneliness and the borderline personality total score was rph = .51. The genetic correlation was estimated at rg = .64 and the environmental correlation at re = .40. Our study suggests common etiological factors in loneliness and borderline personality features.
Properties of Solar Wind Structures at Mercury's Orbit
Authors: Diego P. , Piersanti M. , Laurenza M. , Villante U. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMercury's environment is characterized by a high variability and strength of the solar forcing. Its magnetosphere is completely reconfigured even for small changes in the interplanetary magnetic field and the solar wind (SW) dynamic pressure. Different configurations are due to occurrence of different structures in the SW. Among them, high speed streams from coronal holes, magnetic clouds, and noncompressive density enhancement have been analyzed to better characterize the Hermean conditions, which might be expected during the ongoing BepiColombo mission. Helios 1 and 2 mission data collected between 0.29 and 0.47 AU have been used to perform a statistical analysis of these SW structures. The numerical results reported in the paper, as well as the probability densities displayed in the maps, give more precise indications when associated to a rigorous SW structures selection. The occurrence rate along solar cycle together with the average features of each class of SW structures are useful information for Space Weather topics. Results from the same analysis performed at 1 AU have been used to further verification of the radial behavior of the SW parameters.
Detectability of Melt‐Rich Lenses in Magmatic Reservoirs From Teleseismic Waveform Modeling
Authors: Rasht‐Behesht Majid , Huber Christian , Mancinelli Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeismic imaging is the most commonly used technique to constrain the size, geometry, and current state of active magma reservoirs in the Earth's crust. However, unequivocal detection of eruptible magma bodies (>0.5 melt fraction) have not been reported yet. In this study, using teleseismic waveform modeling applied to synthetic data, we investigate the limitations of seismic inversions on resolving idealized melt‐rich layers with thicknesses smaller than the characteristic wavelength of the teleseismic waves. We show that inverting for melt‐rich layers with thicknesses of about 0.2 km, consistent with the average thickness of erupted layers associated with voluminous caldera eruptions, yields significant underestimation of the inferred melt fractions and overestimation of the thickness of that layer. We further extend our synthetic tests to study the effect of noise, variable thickness of the input melt‐rich layer, and different time windows from the seismograms on the quality of inverted parameters (thickness and melt fraction of the melt‐rich layer). We find that (1) thicker melt‐rich layers can be better resolved, (2) longer time windows (~4–6 s) from seismograms reduce the trade‐off between melt fraction and layer thickness observed in the inversion results, and (3) noise emphasizes the melt fraction‐thickness trade‐off and leads to a bias toward thicker lower melt fraction layers retrieved from the inversions. Our synthetic study therefore supports that the lack of detection of melt‐dominated horizons from seismic inversions does not preclude their existence and can be caused by a current limit in our ability to detect them.
Impact of glycan cloud on the B-cell epitope prediction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein
Authors: Wintjens René , Bifani Amanda Makha , Bifani Pablo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 outbreak originated in China in late 2019 and has since spread to pandemic proportions. Diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines are urgently needed. We model the trimeric Spike protein, including flexible loops and all N-glycosylation sites, in order to elucidate accessible epitopes for antibody-based diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccine development. Based on published experimental data, six homogeneous glycosylation patterns and two heterogeneous ones were used for the analysis. The glycan chains alter the accessible surface areas on the S-protein, impeding antibody-antigen recognition. In presence of glycan, epitopes on the S1 subunit, that notably contains the receptor binding domain, remain mostly accessible to antibodies while those present on the S2 subunit are predominantly inaccessible. We identify 28 B-cell epitopes in the Spike structure and group them as non-affected by the glycan cloud versus those which are strongly masked by the glycan cloud, resulting in a list of favourable epitopes as targets for vaccine development, antibody-based therapy and diagnostics.
Compétence paraphrastique et interprétation : Le verbe et ses entours en grande section de maternelle (5 ans)
Authors: Sardier Anne 
Published: September 2020

L’enseignement du lexique est un incontournable des acquisitions à l’école maternelle. Il fait l’objet d’ateliers dits ‘’de langage’’ auprès des jeunes élèves. C’est alors souvent un lexique nominal et concret qui leur est enseigné via des cartes-images. Le verbe, pivot de la phrase, est ainsi peu étudié (excepté certains verbes d’action). C’est la raison pour laquelle nous avons souhaité travailler sur ce matériau lexical. Par ailleurs, il s’avère que la dimension syntagmatique du lexique, si elle participe à la construction sémantique de l’unité lexicale, est également peu mobilisée dans l’enseignement. La compétence lexicale se construisant au vu de l’accroissement du lexique disponible, mais aussi au vu des habiletés des élèves et des stratégies qu’ils peuvent mettre en place, nous supposons que le fait d’enseigner des stratégies de précision du sens des verbes va les aider à s’approprier ce lexique. À partir de l’analyse de verbes sélectionnés avec deux enseignants de grande section (5 ans), le présent article présente un dispositif d’exploration des verbes et de leur entour via la paraphrase, habileté essentielle dans les acquisitions lexicales, afin de favoriser la compréhension et le réemploi des verbes étudiés. Trois tests émaillent la mise en oeuvre, les séances ont été enregistrées et retranscrites. Leurs analyses tendent à montrer que les élèves comprennent mieux les verbes étudiés et qu’ils se les sont appropriés au point de pouvoir les réemployer.
Mots clés : lexique, paraphrase, acquisition
Étude de l’auto-évaluation de la qualité de parole et du ressenti (SHI) après glossectomie partielle ou totale
Authors: Zaouali Hasna , Vaxelaire Béatrice , Debry Christian , Sock Rudolph 
Published: September 2020

Étude de l’auto-évaluation de la qualité de parole et du ressenti (SHI) après glossectomie partielle ou totale. Cette étude consiste en une analyse des réponses recueillies auprès de patients glossectomisés après la passation du questionnaire d’auto-évaluation de la parole et du ressenti (Speech Handicap Index ou SHI) de (Rinkel & coll,.2008), traduit en français par Degroote et al. (2012) et adapté du VHI (Voice Handicap Index de Jacobson et al., 1997). Le SHI est un outil d’évaluation du degré du handicap provoqué par les troubles de la parole. Il est constitué d’une échelle d’auto–évaluation cotée sur 120 points et comporte 30 items. Ce questionnaire est constitué de deux sous échelles dont une consacrée à l’aspect Psycho-sociale(Ps) et l’autre à l’aspect Parole (s). L’objectif d’évaluer le handicap d’un patient glossectomisé est de mieux comprendre les dysfonctionnements sur le plan linguistique pour une meilleure prise en charge thérapeutique.
Nous avons examiné, à travers des phases de passations pré et post-chirurgicales, les réponses collectées auprès de chaque patient. Une analyse statistique est présentée afin de rendre compte de la sévérité du handicap entre les phases de passations du questionnaire d’auto évaluation de la parole et du ressenti.