bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of preliminary stresses in wooden constructions
Authors: Chernyh A G , Moskalev M B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Unlike reinforced concrete and metal, prestressing is used much less frequently in wood. Wood began to apply in 1860 and continued to be used in prestressed structures. But at the same time it faced some problems. To minimize the impact of these factors it is recommended to take the following measures: 1) To use special knots with the most increased contact surface for prevention of wood deformation in them. For such a node, the author of this article received a patent for a utility model; 2) carefully control the humidity and prevent it from changing during operation; 3) prestress is set with some margin due to the rheological properties of wood, or during operation to increase it.
Value of additional vertical deformations of foundations depending on injection grouting conditions
Authors: Osokin A I , Kalach F N , Diakonov I P , Remizova N V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The possibilities of new construction in the center of Saint Petersburg are quite limited by the requirements for preserving the historical center and by the height restrictions, so the construction of underground space is of great importance for the developing city. Investors are ready to deepen basements and to excavate foundation pits in the courtyards of existing buildings to increase usable space, but before starting such works, a number of compensatory measures are required, one of which is strengthening of foundation bed and foundation body of affected buildings.
Geodesy and modern technologies
Authors: Pozdysheva O N , Taldykina V V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Currently, a lot of geodetic instruments and new geodetic technologies have been created, which are fundamentally different from traditional ones. In previous years, each type of measurement had its own type of instrument: for the angular measurements, the theodolite, for high-altitude measurements - a level, for linear measurements - a tape measure and rangefinder. Each device, depending on the intended use, had its own accuracy characteristics. Over time, science is developing and technologies are moving forward, the devices used in the field of engineering and geodetic works are improving. A modern geodetic instrument is a product of new technologies that embodies the latest achievements in optics and modern satellite technologies. This article provides a classification of devices according to their purpose and describes their application.
Overall stability of steel web-tapered frame members
Authors: Belyy G I , Askinazi V U 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The solution to the problem of fully nonlinear stability analysis of web-tapered I-shaped members is presented in the paper. In order to accelerate the analysis, an analytical- numerical approach was applied in the solution. Nonlinear stability analysis in the elastic range is carried out by the use of the analytical procedure (so-called “Member” procedure) which is based on the combination of the results of buckling and linear analyses. The growth of the plastic deformations is taken into account by adding extra displacements in the “Member” procedure. These displacements are determined numerically in the process of incremental loading (so-called “Section” procedure). The proposed approach allows the calculation of all displacements at each load step and the estimating of the member’s overall stability capacity, rapidly (up to 20 times faster than using shell-FEM) and accurately enough. The overall stability calculation results, depending on the different variables (slenderness, load eccentricities and their ratios, rigidity variations) under different load cases, are given in the paper. The stability capacity comparison between tapered and prismatic members is presented. Also the comparison with existent experimental researches’ results is provided in the paper.
Classification and Treatment of Glabella-Radix Deficiency in Primary Augmentation Rhinoplasty
Authors: Chang Ray-Hon , Chang Yean-Lu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
A systematic approach to treating glabella-radix deficiency is lacking, and the management of brow-tip aesthetic lines remains technically challenging.

Objectives
The authors describe implantation of a customized Gore-Tex prosthesis combined with primary augmentation rhinoplasty to address the glabella-radix deficiency.

Methods
Fifty Asian patients with glabella-radix deficiency who received implantation and primary augmentation rhinoplasty were retrospectively evaluated in an 8-year period. Patients were assigned to categories based on brow-tip contour lines and symmetry patterns, and implant dimensions were ascertained from the contour type and from simulated postoperative results.

Results
Eleven men and 39 women were included in the study; the mean patient age was 27.22 years, and mean follow-up was 22.8 months. Seven of the patients were assigned to the type I/Ia category, 24 to type II/IIa, and 19 to type III/IIIa. Forty-five patients were considered to have satisfactory surgical results, with curved, symmetric, and normally spaced brow-tip lines on front view and a smooth frontonasal transition on profile view. Complications occurred in 5 patients and included infection (1 patient), inadequate augmentation (2), and palpable margin folding of the Gore-Tex device (2).

Conclusions
Deformities of brow-tip contour lines coincide with glabella-radix deficiencies in terms of severity. Knowledge of the patterns of brow-tip lines, combined with postoperative image simulation, can help the surgeon design an appropriate glabella-radix prosthesis. When placed in conjunction with other augmentation rhinoplasty procedures, the glabella-radix implant yields sufficient, predictable nasal projection and a harmonious facial aesthetic.

Level of Evidence: 4
Extensive cytonuclear discordance in a crested newt from the Balkan Peninsula glacial refugium
Authors: Wielstra Ben , Arntzen Jan W 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntegration of multilocus data and species distribution modelling into phylogeography allows mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-based scenarios to be fine-tuned. We address the question of whether extensive mtDNA substructuring in the crested newt Triturus macedonicus from the Balkan Peninsula is matched in the nuclear genome. We determine the intraspecific population structure based on 52 nuclear DNA markers and project a species distribution model on climate layers for the Last Glacial Maximum. We show that T. macedonicus accumulated nuclear DNA population structure in an area predicted to have been climatically stable during the Pleistocene, with four nuclear DNA groups in the western part of the species range. The distribution of these nuclear DNA groups shows little agreement with that of mtDNA structuring, which shows three highly distinct species-specific clades and a fourth one introgressed from another crested newt species. This cytonuclear discordance conveys that historical biogeographical scenarios based on mtDNA exclusively should be interpreted with caution. Our findings further highlight the important role the Balkan Peninsula has played in the evolution and preservation of European biodiversity.
Inflammatory Cutaneous Lesions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated With Vedolizumab or Ustekinumab: An ECCO CONFER Multicentre Case Series
Authors: Phillips Frank M , Verstockt Bram , Sebastian Shaji , Ribaldone Davide , Vavricka Stephan , Katsanos Konstantinos , Slattery Eoin , de Suray Nicholas , Flores Cristina , Fries Walter , Vincenzi Francesca , Capoferro Elvira , Bachmann Oliver , Kopylov Uri 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis was a multicentre case series supported by the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] and performed as part of the Collaborative Network of Exceptionally Rare case reports [CONFER] project. The aim was to report on whether cutaneous lesions associated with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and refractory to standard medical therapy including anti-tumour necrosis factors [anti-TNFs], would respond to the newer biologic agents ustekinumab [UST] or vedolizumab [VDZ]. This report includes 28 patients with cutaneous lesions from 14 centres, all of whom had failed immunomodulator and anti-TNF therapy. Metastatic Crohn’s disease [MCD] was diagnosed in 10 patients: UST led to remission in five cases and partial response in four cases, with a single report of VDZ inducing remission. All cases of MCD treated with UST responded after the first or second dose, and the median time for the five cases that attained remission was 5 months. Pyoderma gangrenosum [PG] was diagnosed in four cases: three of these attained remission with UST [median time to remission 4 months] and one case did not respond to VDZ. There were seven cases of erythema nodosum [EN]: UST led to remission in four cases and partial response in 1 case whilst VDZ had partial response in 2 cases and non-response in two cases. There were seven single cases of other inflammatory lesions. In summary, UST appears to be useful for different cutaneous lesions including MCD, PG, and EN, whereas VDZ does not appear to be useful for lesions that are independent of disease activity.
Local factors drive bacterial and microeukaryotic community composition in lake surface sediment collected across an altitudinal gradient
Authors: Pearman John K , Biessy Laura , Thomson-Laing Georgia , Waters Sean , Vandergoes Marcus J , Howarth Jamie D , Rees Andrew , Moy Chris , Pochon Xavier , Wood Susanna A 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTLake surface sediments are dominated by microorganisms that play significant roles in biogeochemical cycling within lakes. There is limited knowledge on the relative importance of local environmental factors and altitude on bacterial and microeukaryotic community richness and composition in lake sediments. In the present study, surface sediment samples were collected from 40 lakes along an altitude gradient (2–1215 m). Microbial communities were characterized using 16S (bacteria) and 18S (microeukaryotes) rRNA gene metabarcoding. Bacterial and microeukaryotic richness were not correlated with altitude but instead to environmental variables (e.g. area of water in the catchment (bacteria: R = −0.43). For both bacteria and microeukaryotes, dissimilarity in the community structure had a higher correlation to combined environmental variables (without altitude) (bacteria: R = 0.53; microeukaryotes: R = 0.55) than altitude alone (bacteria: R = 0.34; microeukaryotes: R = 0.47). Sediment sulfur and productive grassland were important variables in determining the relative abundance of sulfate reducing bacteria. Nitrospira, was positively related to altitude but negatively to water column total organic carbon and the proportion of productive grassland in the catchment. Little overlap in amplicon sequence variants was shown amongst lakes. This has important considerations for management decisions, suggesting that to protect biodiversity, conservation of numerous lakes and lake types is required.
Ideas on royal power in the French Wars of Religion: the influence of René Choppin’s De Domanio Franciae (1574)
Authors: Nicholls Sophie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
René Choppin (1537–1606) was one of the most cited French lawyers of the sixteenth century, and yet his contribution to intellectual history has gone curiously unexamined. This article considers the reception of his most important work, De Domanio Franciae (1574), in the political thought of the 1570s and early 1580s. It shows that Choppin was particularly influential in two key areas: the question of the inalienability of the French domain, and the role of the Paris parlement in guarding the laws of the country. It also assesses the question of his membership of the Holy League and thereby seeks to establish and clarify the complex nature of the position of Choppin’s works within the broader context of conceptions of royal power in this era.
Sprouty1 Prevents Cellular Senescence Maintaining Proliferation and Differentiation Capacity of Human Adipose Stem/Progenitor Cells
Authors: Mandl Markus , Wagner Sonja A , Hatzmann Florian M , Ejaz Asim , Ritthammer Heike , Baumgarten Saphira , Viertler Hans P , Springer Jochen , Zwierzina Marit E , Mattesich Monika , Brucker Camille , Waldegger Petra , Pierer Gerhard , Zwerschke Werner 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The role of Ras-Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in cellular aging is not precisely understood. Recently, we identified Sprouty1 (SPRY1) as a weight-loss target gene in human adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) and showed that Sprouty1 is important for proper regulation of adipogenesis. In the present study, we show that loss-of-function of Sprouty1 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in human ASCs leads to hyper-activation of MAPK signaling and a senescence phenotype. Sprouty1 knockout ASCs undergo an irreversible cell cycle arrest, become enlarged and stain positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase. Sprouty1 down-regulation leads to DNA double strand breaks, a considerably increased number of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci and induction of p53 and p21Cip1. In addition, we detect an increase of hypo-phosphorylated Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in SPRY1 knockout ASCs. p16Ink4A is not induced. Moreover, we show that Sprouty1 knockout leads to induction of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype as indicated by the activation of the transcription factors NFκB and C/EBPβ and a significant increase in mRNA expression and secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and CXCL1/GROα. Finally, we demonstrate that adipogenesis is abrogated in senescent SPRY1 knockout ASCs. In conclusion, this study reveals a novel mechanism showing the importance of Sprouty1 for the prevention of senescence and the maintenance of the proliferation and differentiation capacity of human ASCs.
Metabolic flux analysis of the neural cell glycocalyx reveals differential utilization of monosaccharides
Authors: Wong Maurice , Xu Gege , Barboza Mariana , Maezawa Izumi , Jin Lee-Way , Zivkovic Angela , Lebrilla Carlito B 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSaccharides in our diet are major sources of carbon for the formation of biomass such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and glycans. Among the dietary monosaccharides, glucose occupies a central role in metabolism, but human blood contains regulated levels of other monosaccharides as well. Their influence on metabolism and how they are utilized have not been explored thoroughly. Applying metabolic flux analysis on glycan synthesis can reveal the pathways that supply glycosylation precursors and provide a snapshot of the metabolic state of the cell. In this study, we traced the incorporation of six 13C uniformly labeled monosaccharides in the N-glycans, O-glycans and glycosphingolipids of both pluripotent and neural NTERA-2 cells. We gathered detailed isotopologue data for hundreds of glycoconjugates using mass spectrometry methods. The contributions of de novo synthesis and direct incorporation pathways for glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and fucose were determined based on their isotope incorporation. Co-feeding studies revealed that fructose incorporation is drastically decreased by the presence of glucose, while mannose and galactose were much less affected. Furthermore, increased sialylation slowed down the turnover of glycans, but fucosylation attenuated this effect. Our results demonstrated that exogenous monosaccharide utilization can vary markedly depending on the cell differentiation state and monosaccharide availability, and that the incorporation of carbons can also differ among different glycan structures. We contend that the analysis of metabolic isotope labeling of glycans can yield new insights about cell metabolism.
Social Determinants Associated with Pediatric Burn Injury: A Population-Based, Case–Control Study
Authors: Padalko Adam , Gawaziuk Justin , Chateau Dan , Sareen Jitender , Logsetty Sarvesh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Social determinants of health (SDoH) influence risk of injury. We conducted a population-based, case–control study to identify which social determinants influence burn injury in children. Children (≤16 years of age) admitted to a Canadian regional burn center between January 1, 1999 and March 30, 2017 were matched based on age, sex, and geographic location 1:5 with an uninjured control cohort from the general population. Population-level administrative data describing the SDoH at the Manitoba Center for Health Policy (MCHP) were compared between the cohorts. Specific SDoH were chosen based on a published systematic review conducted by the research team. In the final multivariable model, children from a low-income household odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) 1.97 (1.46, 2.65), in care 1.57 (1.11, 2.21), from a family that received income assistance 1.71 (1.33, 2.19) and born to a teen mother 1.43 (1.13, 1.81) were significantly associated with an increased risk of pediatric burn injury. This study identified SDoH that are associated with an increased risk of burn injury. This case–control study supports the finding that children from a low-income household, children in care, from a family that received income assistance, and children born to a teen mother are at an elevated risk of burn injury. Identifying children at increased potential risk allows targeting of burn risk reduction and home safety programs.
Efficacy of Topical Antimicrobial Agents Against Bacterial Isolates From Burn Wounds
Authors: Nethery William , Warner Petra , Durkee Paula , Dwyer Angela , Zembrodt Jacquelyn , Fowler Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTopically applied antimicrobials are key to the prevention of infection and mortality in the acute burn population. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro effectiveness of commercially available topical antimicrobials, as well as topical preparations that were compounded in our burn care institution. One-hundred twenty microorganisms were tested against these topical antimicrobials and in vitro effectiveness was observed. Results showed that compounded preparations of 1:1:1 + Double Antibiotic (1 part bacitracin: 1 part silver sulfadiazine: 100,000 units/g nystatin + 5 mg/g neomycin sulfate + 500 units/g polymyxin B) and 3:1 + Double Antibiotic (3 part bacitracin: 1 part silver sulfadiazine + 5mg/g neomycin sulfate + 500 units/g polymyxin B) were effective against 100% of the isolates tested. Other topical agents showed moderate effectiveness, thus demonstrating the need for multiple topical agents to reach a broad spectrum of microorganisms. However, the development of topical antimicrobial resistance needs further study.
Magnetic-field evolution with large-scale velocity circulation in a neutron-star crust
Authors: Kojima Yasufumi , Suzuki Kazuki 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine the effects of plastic flow that appear in a neutron-star crust when a magnetic stress exceeds the threshold. The dynamics involved are described using the Navier–Stokes equation comprising the viscous-flow term, and the velocity fields for the global circulation are determined using quasi-stationary approximation. We simulate the magnetic-field evolution by taking into consideration the Hall drift, Ohmic dissipation, and fluid motion induced by the Lorentz force. The decrease in the magnetic energy is enhanced, as the energy converts to the bulk motion energy and heat. It is found that the bulk velocity induced by the Lorentz force has a significant influence in the low-viscosity and strong-magnetic-field regimes. This effect is crucial near magnetar surfaces.
A census of young stellar population associated with the Herbig Be star HD 200775
Authors: Saha Piyali , Gopinathan Maheswar , Kamath Umanath , Lee Chang Won , Puravankara Manoj , Mathew Blesson , Sharma Ekta 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The region surrounding the well-known reflection nebula, NGC 7023, illuminated by a Herbig Be star, HD 200775, located in the dark cloud L1174 is studied in this work. Based on the distances and proper motion values from Gaia DR2 of 20 previously known young stellar object (YSO) candidates, we obtained a distance of 335 ± 11 pc to the cloud complex L1172/1174. Using polarization measurements of the stars projected on the cloud complex, we show additional evidence for the cloud to be at ∼335 pc distance. Using this distance and proper motion values of the YSO candidates, we searched for additional comoving sources in the vicinity of HD 200775 and found 20 new sources, which show low infrared excess emission and are of age ∼1 Myr. Among these, 10 YSO candidates and 4 newly identified comoving sources are found to show X-ray emission. Three of the four new sources for which we have obtained optical spectra show H α in emission. About 80 per cent of the total sources are found within ∼1 pc distance from HD 200775. Spatial correlation of some of the YSO candidates with the Herschel dust column density peaks suggests that star formation is still active in the region and may have been triggered by HD 200775.
MicroRNA-93 acts as an “anti-inflammatory tumor suppressor” in glioblastoma
Authors: Hübner Max , Moellhoff Nicholas , Effinger David , Hinske Christian Ludwig , Hirschberger Simon , Wu Tingting , Müller Martin Bernhard , Strauß Gabriele , Kreth Friedrich-Wilhelm , Kreth Simone 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Inflammation is an important driver of malignant glioma disease. Inflammatory mediators are not only produced by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, but also by glioblastoma (GBM) cells themselves creating a mutually reinforcing loop. We here aimed at identifying an “anti-inflammatory switch” that allows to dampen inflammation in GBM.

Methods
We used human GBM specimens, primary cultures, and cell lines. The response of GBM cells toward inflammatory stimuli was tested by incubation with supernatant of stimulated human immune cells. Expression levels were measured by whole transcriptome microarrays and qRT-PCR, and protein was quantified by LUMINEX and SDS-PAGE. MicroRNA binding to 3′UTRs was analyzed by luciferase assays. Proliferation rates were determined by flow cytometry, and invasion and angiogenesis were studied using migration and endothelial tube formation assays.

Results
We demonstrated GBM cells to secrete high amounts of proinflammatory mediators in an inflammatory microenvironment. We found miR-93 as a potential “anti-inflammatory tumor suppressor” dramatically downregulated in GBM. Concordantly, cytokine secretion dropped after miR-93 re-expression. Transfection of miR-93 in GBM cells led to down-regulation of hubs of the inflammatory networks, namely, HIF-1α and MAP3K2 as well as IL-6, G-CSF, IL-8, LIF, IL-1β, COX2, and CXCL5. We showed only COX2 and CXCL5 to be indirectly regulated by miR-93 while all other genes are true targets. Phenotypically, re-expression of miR-93 in GBM cells substantially suppressed proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis.

Conclusions
Alleviating GBM-derived inflammation by re-expression of miR-93 may be a powerful tool to mitigate these tumors’ aggressiveness and holds promise for new clinical approaches.