bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global model for uneven illumination enhancement of document images
Authors: Hakim Moad , Bella Fatim Zahra Ait , Mourabit Idriss El , Raghay Said 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Exponential growth of low-cost digital imagery is latterly observed. Images acquired under uneven lighting are prone to experience poor visibility, which may severely limit the performance of most computational photography and automatic visual recognition applications. Different from current optimization techniques, we design a novel partial differential equation based model to rectify the variable illumination artifacts. In this study, a large number of document samples capturing uneven illumination and low contrast conditions are tested to compare the effectiveness of the proposed local and nonlocal approaches. The suggested algorithm can be applied in Arabic, Latin and Chinese document images with any type of shade.
Two ancient genome duplication events shape diversity in Hibiscus L. (Malvaceae)
Authors: Eriksson Jonna Sofia , Bacon Christine D. , Bennett Dominic J. , Pfeil Bernard E. , Oxelman Bengt , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The great diversity in plant genome size and chromosome number is partly due to polyploidization (i.e., genome doubling events). The differences in genome size and chromosome number among diploid plant species can be a window into the intriguing phenomenon of past genome doubling that may be obscured through time by the process of diploidization. The genus Hibiscus L. (Malvaceae) has a wide diversity of chromosome numbers and an allegedly complex genomic history. Hibiscus is ideal for exploring past genomic events because although two ancient genome duplication events have been identified, as more are still likely to be found, considering its diverse background. To reappraise the group’s genomic history, we tested a series of scenarios describing different polyploidization events using previously identified duplications in Hibiscus syriacus.Results: The data showed that >54% of the single-copy genes where in fact paralogues. When testing for different genome duplication scenarios using gene count data; species of Hibiscus was shown to have shared one genome duplication with H. syriacus, -- while one whole genome duplication was contained within H. syriacus, -- to be the preferred model given the observed distribution of paralogous gene copies in Hibiscus.Conclusions: Here, we corroborated the independent genome doubling previously found in the lineage leading to H. syriacus and a shared genome doubling of this lineage and the remainder of Hibiscus. Additionally, we found a previously undiscovered genome duplication shared by the /Pavonia and /Malvaviscus clades (both nested within Hibiscus) with the occurrences of two copies in what were otherwise single-copy genes. Our results highlight the complexity of genomic diversity in some plant groups, which makes orthology assessment and accurate phylogenomic inference difficult.
Mesenchymal stem cells regulated liver DX5- natural killer cells in acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Xiong Jing , Weng Weizhen , Lin Dengna , Cao Huijuan , Chen Junfeng , Zhang Shaoquan , Zhang Jing , Gao Juan , Gyory Ildiko , Gao Zhiliang , Xiong Shiqiu , Lin Bingliang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background :Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe, life-threatening syndrome with high mortality. Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been shown their efficacy in reducing mortality of ACLF patients in our clinical trials. Unveiling the underlying mechanism of action will improve clinical regime of ACLF. Methods: Flow cytometry was applied to assess frequency and phenotype of peripheral blood natural killer cell (NK) from HBV-ACLF patients during MSCs treatment. An acute-on-chronic liver failure mouse model was established by injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) intraperitoneally. We used flow cytometry to characterize frequency, phenotype, proliferation, cytokine secretion and cell conjugation of NK cells from different sources before and after MSCs treatment. Microscopy was applied to investigate cell-cell contact. Results: Frequency of peripheral blood NK cells from HBV-ACLF patients was upregulated by MSCs infusion, which correlated with hepatitis remission. MSCs infusion rescued ACLF mice efficiently, coinciding with hepatitis remission, liver regeneration and NK cells frequency increase both in blood and liver. Strikingly, NKP46+ DX5-, instead of NKP46+ DX5+ liver NK cells responded well to MSCs. In vitro, MSCs were proved to promote the proliferation and GM-CSF secretion of NKP46+ DX5- liver NK cells specifically, which may be owing to their high cell-cell adhesion. Conclusions: Promoting NKP46+ DX5- liver NK cells proliferation and secreting GM-CSF maybe the new machinery of MSCs’ efficacy in ACLF.
Decitabine induces change of biological traits in myelodysplastic syndromes via FOXO1 activation
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Jia Yan , Xv Feng , Song Lu-xi , Shi Lei , Guo Juan , Chang Chunkang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Little is known about the function of tumor suppressor gene Forkhead box 1 (FOXO1) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of FOXO1 through decitabine (DAC) treatment. Methods: Microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 2 MDS cell lines by DAC treatment. WebGestalt was used to perform gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins) for constructing protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Cell apoptosis, cycle arrest, differentiation, and immunoregulation were performed to validate the function of FOXO1 by silencing its expression prior to DAC treatment in MDS. Results: The results showed that the FOXO signaling pathway was one of the most promising. FOXO1 exists in a hyperphosphorylated, inactive form in MDS-L cells. DAC treatment both induces FOXO1 expression and reactivates the protein through reducing its phosphorylation level. Furthermore, we showed that this FOXO1 activation is responsible for the DAC-induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, antigen differentiation, and immunoregulation in MDS-L cells. The results also demonstrated that DAC-induced FOXO1 activation upregulated anti-tumor immune response in higher risk MDS specimens.Conclusions: These results suggest that DAC induces FOXO1 activation, which plays an important role in anti-MDS tumors.
Patient and Family Experience With Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) and Polyneuropathy (ATTR-PN) Amyloidosis: Results of Two Focus Groups
Authors: Rintell David , Heath Dena , Menendez Florencia Braga , Cross Elizabeth , Cross Theodore , Knobell Vincent , Gagnon Bruno , Turtle Cameron , Cohen Alan , Fox Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients with transthyretin amyloidosis manage a chronic, life-threatening condition that severely affects their quality of life. Although the primary symptoms and diagnostic criteria for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) and transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy (ATTR-PN) are well established in the medical literature, very little has been published on patient and family experience of these conditions. Two focus groups, one for ATTR-CM and one for ATTR-PN, were asked to describe the diagnostic process, symptoms, and impact on quality of life that they experienced from these illnesses. Results: Patients in both ATTR groups often experienced a long and difficult diagnostic odyssey characterized by misdiagnoses, inadequate interventions and delay in establishing the correct diagnosis leading to the specialized treatment they needed. Collectively, patients with ATTR-CM reported 26 different symptoms and patients with ATTR-PN reported 24 different symptoms. The ATTR-CM group identified intolerance to activity, inability to exercise, insomnia and fatigue as the most challenging symptoms. The ATTR-PN group identified fatigue, diarrhea/constipation, sensory symptoms as the most difficult symptoms. In general, ATTR was reported to be highly stressful for both patients and their families. Spouses of patients with ATTR-CM were often in a caregiver role and experienced considerable anxiety. Patients with ATTR-PN were stressed not only by the physical consequences of their illness, but also by its effects on their parents and other relatives, and their worry about children and grandchildren inheriting their disease-causing mutations associated with ATTR. Despite these challenges, family members were also appreciated as a source of coping, motivation, inspiration and support.Conclusions: Several steps can be taken to reduce the challenges and burdens of living with ATTR, including more education for primary care physicians and specialists who encounter ATTR, ready access to mental health services and support, patient advisory groups to help guide clinical trials and additional studies of patients’ experience.
Redox signaling and antioxidant therapies in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Bo Liyan , Jin Faguang , Ma Zhuang , Li Congcong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Despite extensive research conducted to explore the mechanism of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), no pharmacologic treatment that targets the pathophysiologic alterations has proven effective. Previous studies have revealed overactive oxidative stress as a potential therapeutic target. However, there are still some discrepancies, and thus we conducted this systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of antioxidant therapy on the clinical outcomes of ARDS patients. Methods: We retrieved potentially relevant clinical trials from the electronic databases. Articles and conference abstracts about antioxidant therapies for patients with ARDS were identified in which the overall effect of each antioxidant therapy on the mortality of ARDS patients was summarized. Results: We identified 18 relevant studies, including 899 patients in the experimental group and 870 patients in the control group, and these were included in the meta-analysis. The antioxidant strategies including albumin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), selenium, vitamin C, Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, and lisofylline. The pooled results indicated that most of the antioxidant therapies could not improve the all-cause mortality and might have been even harmful in ARDS patients at low risk of death. Conclusions: Unclassified patients could not benefit from the antioxidant therapies, and thus discretion must be exercised when using these therapies. However, some treatments had a positive effect on ARDS patients at a high risk of death and early antioxidant treatment might be associated with reduced mortality when compared with delayed treatment.
Geometric Correction for Thermal Imaging of Asteroid Ryugu Observed by TIR onboard Hayabusa2
Authors: Arai Takehiko , Okada Tatsuaki , Tanaka Satoshi , Fukuhara Tetsuya , Demura Hirohide , Kouyama Toru , Sakatani Naoya , Shimaki Yuri , Senshu Hiroki , Sekiguchi Tomohiko , Takita Jun , Hirata Naru , Yamamoto Yukio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The thermal infrared imager (TIR) onboard the Hayabusa2 spacecraft performed thermographic observations of the asteroid 162173 Ryugu (1999 JU3) from June 2018 to November 2019. In this study, we performed a geometric correction for TIR images by making a one-to-one correspondence between the observed areas and the surface coordinates derived from a shape model of Ryugu. The pointing direction, which is an alignment direction of TIR, was adjusted by rotating the TIR frame relative to the base of the Hayabusa2 frame using a least-squares fit. This geometric correction allows us to identify observed local areas within one pixel, which corresponds to 5 m error in a 5 km altitude observation. The corrected temperature images projected onto the shape model were constructed. Hot temperature regions were found at the base of Ejima Saxum and Otohime Saxum, for instance. A simulation result indicates that multiple radiations from the surrounding terrains generate hot regions. The estimated thermal inertia of the base of Ejima Saxum as characteristic shape area is approximately 300 Jm -2 s -0.5 K -1 within the error bars of the observed temperature profile. This estimation is succeeded by performing the geometric correction in case that the surface topographic features are greater than the spatial resolution of the pixel. However, thermal inertia estimations of smooth terrains, such as the floor of Urashima crater, were difficult probably because of surface roughness effects. Our results suggest the necessity to develop a hybrid thermophysical model that implements large- and small-scale surface roughness.
A tied Fermi liquid to Luttinger liquid model for the explanation of nonlinear transport in conducting polymers
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Niu Jiebin , Shao Bin , YANG Guanhua , Lu Congyan , Li Mengmeng , Zhou Zheng , Chuai Xichen , Lu Nianduan , Huang Bing , Wang Ye-Liang , Li Ling , Liu Ming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Organic conjugated polymers demonstrate great potential in the transistor, solar cell and light-emitting diodes. The performances of those devices are fundamentally governed by charge transport within the active materials. However, the morphology-property relationships and the underpinning charge transport mechanism in polymers remain unclear. Particularly, whether the nonlinear charge transport in doped conducting polymers, i.e., anomalous non-Ohmic behaviors at low temperature, is appropriately formulated within non-Fermi liquid picture is not clear. In this work, via varying crystalline degrees of samples, we carried out systematic investigations on the charge transport nonlinearity in conducting polymers. Possible charge carriers’ dimensionality was discussed with experiments when varying the molecular chain’s crystalline orders. A heterogeneous-resistive-network (HRN) model was proposed based on the tied link between Fermi liquids (FL) and Luttinger liquids (LL), related to the high-ordered crystalline zones and weak-coupled amorphous regions, respectively. This mesoscopic HRN model is experimentally supported by precise electrical and microstructural characterizations, together with theoretic evaluations. Significantly, such model well describes the nonlinear transport behaviors in conducting polymers universally and provides new insights into the microstructure-correlated charge transport in organic conducting/semiconducting systems.
First Trimester Genetic Sonogram for Screening Fetal Down Syndrome: a Population-based Study
Authors: Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Sirichotiyakul Supatra , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Srisupun Kasemsri , Luewan Suchaya , Jatavan Phudit , Sirilert Sirinart , Tongsong Theera 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the performance of first trimester sonomarkers in the detection of fetal Down syndrome among Thai pregnant womenMethods: Pregnant women at 11-13+6 weeks’ gestation underwent ultrasound examination for assessment of nuchal translucency (NT), nasal bone (NB), tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and abnormal ductus venosus (aDV) Doppler waveforms. The women were followed up for final outcomes. Fetal abnormalities other than trisomy 21 were excluded. The performances of each sonomarker and their combinations in predicting fetal Down syndrome were calculated.Results: A total of 7,820 pregnant women meeting the inclusion criteria were available for analysis, including 20 cases with fetal Down syndrome and 7,800 unaffected cases. Of the four sonomarkers, NT, as a single sonomarker, had the highest detection rate (55.0% at a false positive rate of about 5%), whereas the remaining single sonomarkers had low detection rate (15-20%). The combination of all sonomarkers had the highest detection rate of 70% but the false positive rate was as high as 10.8%. The combination of NT and NB had a detection rate of 60% with an acceptable false positive rate of 6.9%, whereas the other combinations yielded relatively high false positive rates. Conclusion: The first trimester genetic sonogram in screening for Down syndrome among Asian women is acceptably effective and may be offered to some selected groups of the population. NT is the best sonomarker with a detection rate of 55% at 5% false positive rate and its combination with NB can improve performance with minimal increase in false positive rate.
Network analysis of core and associated symptoms in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Shi Lijuan , Ou Jianjun , Shen Yidong , Wang Ying , Lin Jingjing , Cui Xilong , Liu Ruiting , Wu Renrong , Xia Kun , Zhao Jingping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Complex relationships may exist in the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may interfere with each other. Previous studies investigate the relationships between core and associated symptoms. However, there is still a lack of holistic view, especially in the relationships between core and associated symptoms.Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 474 children with ASD. The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) was used to evaluate the existence and severity of autistic core symptoms of social impairment, Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) to sleep status, and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1.5-5) to behavior performance of subjects. A network analysis approach was performed to assess the partial relationships of these symptoms.Results: The social communication problem was the most central symptom of ASD. There were broad relationships between the core and associated symptoms, such as the relationships between autistic core symptoms and characteristic symptoms of ADHD and within associated symptoms. All these correlations were positive, except for a negative relationship between anxious/depressed problems and social awareness. The associations between some of these symptoms were stronger than the other associations, and the relationship between emotional problems and aggressive behavior was relatively stronger than the other relationships. The strength centrality and network edges were highly stable.Limitations: Two main limitations exist in current study. First, the network analyses was conducted by using cross-sectional data, so it remains unknown that whether the network structure will change with the progress of the course of the disease or the change of the severity of symptoms. Second, some nodes may actually be measuring overlapping constructs, which could artificially inflate edge weights and centrality.Conclusions: An overall perspective of connections of symptoms of ASD using network analysis indicated that controlling these associated symptoms may improve core symptoms, such as ADHD-related symptoms. It may help identify new ways to improve symptoms in ASD.
Impact of Gold Nanoparticles on the Functions of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
Authors: Dey Arindam K , Gonon Alexis , Pécheur Eve Isabelle , Pezet Mylène , Villiers Christian , MARCHE Patrice N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in various biomedical applications, but their effects on the immune system remain ill-defined. We studied the impact of AuNPs on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) because of their phagocytic capacity that allows the accumulation of exogenous materials. As models, we used primary macrophages (M) and dendritic cells (DCs) originating from the bone marrow and tested the modulation of their functions, including phagocytosis, cell activation, production of cytokines and mediators and metabolic activity.Results: The AuNPs by themselves displayed no significant effect on M and DCs functions. However, when exposed to AuNPs, M and DCs responded differently to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Interleukin- 4(IL-4) stimulations. We showed AuNPs altered cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions differently in M and DCs, whereas nitric oxide (NO) production by both cells remained unaffected. The metabolic profile underpins all functions of the immune cells and their polarisation. The analysis of the metabolic activity revealed that AuNPs significantly altered mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of M, while only little effect was seen on DCs. Furthermore, we showed that T cell responses increased when antigen was presented by AuNPs-exposed DCs, leading to stronger Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses. Conclusions: Our data provide new insights into the complexity of the effects of AuNPs on the immune system. Although AuNPs may be considered on the whole to be devoid of direct significant effect, they may induce discrete modifications on some functions that can differ among the immune cells.
Comparison of MMC and BW fracture models for constructing 3D ductile fracture envelope of AA6063 during cold forming
Authors: Gao Jianye , He Tao , Huo Yuanming , Song Miao , Yao Tingting , Yang Wanbo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The 3D ductile fracture envelopes of AA6063-T6 was developed to predict and prevent its fracture. Smooth round bar (SRB) tension tests were carried out to characterize the flow stress, and a series of experiments were conducted to characterize the ductile fracture firstly, such as notched round bar (NR) tension tests, compression tests and torsion tests. These tests cover a wide range of stress triaxiality (ST) and Lode parameter (LP) to calibrate the ductile fracture criterion. Plasticity modeling was performed, and the predicted results were compared with corresponding experimental data to verify the plasticity model after these experiments. Then the relationship between ductile fracture strain and ST with LP was constructed using the modified Mohr–Coulomb (MMC) model and Bai and Wierzbicki (BW) model to develop the 3D ductile fracture envelope. Finally, a new ductile damage model was proposed based on the 3D fracture envelope of AA6063. The final results show that the predicted results from the proposed ductile fracture model showed good agreement with experimental results.