bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal preferences for Personalised Trials among patients with chronic diseases: an empirical Bayesian analysis of a conjoint survey
Authors: Cheung Ying Kuen , Wood Dallas , Zhang Kangkang , Ridenour Ty A , Derby Lilly , St Onge Tara , Duan Naihua , Duer-Hefele Joan , Davidson Karina W , Kronish Ian , Moise Nathalie 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo describe individual patient preferences for Personalised Trials and to identify factors and conditions associated with patient preferences.DesignEach participant was presented with 18 conjoint questions via an online survey. Each question provided two choices of Personalised Trials that were defined by up to eight attributes, including treatment types, clinician involvement, study logistics and trial burden on a patient.SettingOnline survey of adults with at least two common chronic conditions in the USA.ParticipantsA nationally representative sample of 501 individuals were recruited from the Chronic Illness Panel by Harris Poll Online. Participants were recruited from several sources, including emails, social media and telephone recruitment of the target population.Main outcome measuresThe choice of Personalised Trial design that the participant preferred with each conjoint question.ResultsThere was large variability in participants’ preferences for the design of Personalised Trials. On average, they preferred certain attributes, such as a short time commitment and no cost. Notably, a population-level analysis correctly predicted 62% of the conjoint responses. An empirical Bayesian analysis of the conjoint data, which supported the estimation of individual-level preferences, improved the accuracy to 86%. Based on estimates of individual-level preferences, patients with chronic pain preferred a long study duration (p≤0.001). Asthma patients were less averse to participation burden in terms of data-collection frequency than patients with other conditions (p=0.002). Patients with hypertension were more cost-sensitive (p<0.001).ConclusionThese analyses provide a framework for elucidating individual-level preferences when implementing novel patient-centred interventions. The data showed that patient preference in Personalised Trials is highly variable, suggesting that individual differences must be accounted for when marketing Personalised Trials. These results have implications for advancing precise interventions in Personalised Trials by indicating when rigorous scientific principles, such as frequent monitoring, is feasible in a substantial subset of patients.
Does contemporary exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improve quality of life for people with coronary artery disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McGregor Gordon , Powell Richard , Kimani Peter , Underwood Martin 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of contemporary exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on generic and disease-specific health related quality of life for people with coronary artery disease.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Study eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials testing exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation versus no exercise control that recruited after 31 December 1999. On 30 July 2019, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO) databases.Study appraisal and synthesisStudies were screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were reported as pooled means (95% CI for between-group difference.ResultsWe identified 24 studies (n=4890). We performed meta-analyses for 15 short-term and 9 medium-term outcomes (36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36), EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) and MacNew, a cardiac-specific outcome). Six short-term and five medium-term SF-36 domains statistically favoured exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. Only for two short-term SF-36 outcomes, ‘physical function’ (mean difference 12.0, 95% CI 4.4 to 19.6) and ‘role physical’ (mean difference 16.9, 95% CI 2.4 to 31.3), did the benefit appear to be clinically important. Meta-analyses of the short-term SF-36 physical and mental component scores, EQ-5D and MacNew and the medium-term SF-36 physical component score, did not show statistically significant benefits. Only two studies had a low risk of bias (n=463 participants).Conclusions and implications of key findingsThere is some evidence of a short-term benefit of contemporary exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life for people with coronary artery disease. However, the contemporary data presented in this review are insufficient to support its routine use.
Investigating self-perceived health and quality of life: a longitudinal prospective study among beginner recreational exercisers in a fitness club setting
Authors: Heiestad Hege , Gjestvang Christina , Haakstad Lene A H 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesThis study investigated self-perception of overall health (SPH) and quality of life (QoL) at onset and after 3, 6 and 12 months of fitness club membership. Also, we compared SPH and QoL between those who reported regular use of the fitness club (≥2 exercise sessions/week the last month) with those who did not (one exercise session/week or no exercise the last month).DesignLongitudinal prospective study.Setting25 fitness clubs in Oslo, Norway.ParticipantsIn total, 250 newly registered fitness club members (equal numbers of men and women, mean age=36.4±11.3 years, mean body mass index=25.7±4.4) were recruited. At onset (n=250), after 3 (n=224), 6 (n=213) and 12 months (n=187), the participants answered an electronic questionnaire, covering background variables, exercise involvement, perceived SPH and QoL.Outcome measuresSPH was measured by a single-item question, rating health status from poor to excellent on a 5-point scale. High SPH was dichotomised as excellent or good, and low SPH as moderate, fair or poor. QoL was measured on a 7-item scale, rating five statements and dichotomised according to a total max sum score of 35, with low QoL ≤25 and high QoL >25.ResultsRepeated measurements did not show any changes in SPH. In QoL, we observed an improvement in QoL sum score and a significant increase in mean scores for two out of five statements at 12 months follow-up: ‘In most ways, my life is close to my ideal’ (p=0.036) and‘If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing’ (p<0.001). Regular use of the fitness club was associated with high SPH (OR 3.532 (95% CI 1.60–7.82), p=0.002) and high QoL (OR 1.914 (95% CI 0.95–3.86), p=0.069). The results were unchanged after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionRegular attendance at a fitness club was associated with high SPH and high QoL at 12 months follow-up.
Factors associated with anti-hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin G seropositivity among Korean workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mun Eunchan , Lee Yesung , Suh Byungseong , Kim Wonsul , Jeong Jinsook , Park Hwanjin , Lee Woncheol , Han Boksoon , Park Soyoung , Lee Changhwan 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesHepatitis A incidence in Korea has dramatically increased in recent years. Individuals in their twenties and thirties, who account for majority of the workforce in Korea, are particularly susceptible to infection owing to a low seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) immunoglobulin G (IgG). This study aimed to identify behavioural and occupational factors related to anti-HAV IgG seropositivity.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA large university hospital in Seoul, Korea.ParticipantsWorkers in formal employment having an annual routine health screening.Primary outcome measureAnti-HAV IgG seropositivity.ResultsOf 131 711 individuals who had an annual health screening at the study hospital in 2018, 68 612 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Study participants were predominantly men (64.3%) and in their thirties (55.3%). The overall seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG was 36.2%. In multivariate analyses, anti-HAV IgG seropositivity was independently associated with working in a workplace with ≥2 health managers (vs no health manager, adjusted OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.43); age 40–49 years (vs 20–29 years, OR 2.51, 95% CI 2.36 to 2.68); female sex (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.59); experience of any general disease (vs no general disease history, OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.25), obesity (vs normal weight, OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.97); and hepatitis B antibody seropositivity (OR 2.39, 95% CI 2.31 to 2.49).ConclusionsThe low prevalence of anti-HAV IgG seropositivity points to a need for implementation of workplace-based hepatitis A vaccine programmes. To promote workers’ health and prevent hepatitis A outbreaks, occupational health managers, healthcare providers and policy-makers should focus on individuals who are susceptible to HAV, such as young men.
Routine patient-reported experience measurement of shared decision-making in the USA: a qualitative study of the current state according to frontrunners
Authors: Forcino Rachel C , Meinders Marjan J , Engel Jaclyn A , O'Malley A. James , Elwyn Glyn 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo identify and describe instances of routine patient-reported shared decision-making (SDM) measurement in the USA, and to explore barriers and facilitators of routine patient-reported SDM measurement for quality improvement.SettingPayer and provider healthcare organisations in the USA.ParticipantsCurrent or former adult employees of healthcare organisations with prior SDM activity and that may be conducting routine SDM measurement (n=21).OutcomesQualitative interview and survey data collected through snowball sampling recruitment strategy to inform barriers and facilitators of routine patient-reported SDM measurement.ResultsThree participating sites routinely measured SDM from patients’ perspectives, including one payer organisation and two provider organisations—with the largest measurement effort taking place in the payer organisation. Facilitators of SDM measurement included SDM as a core organisational value or strategic priority, trialability of SDM measurement programmes, flexibility in how measures can be administered and existing momentum from payer-mandated measurement programmes. Barriers included competing organisational priorities with regard to patient-reported measurement and lack of perceived comparative advantage of patient-reported SDM measurement.ConclusionsPayers have a unique opportunity to encourage emphasis on SDM within healthcare organisations, including routine patient-reported measurement of SDM; however, provider organisations are currently best placed to make effective use of this type of data.
Advance care planning in the community: factors of influence
Authors: Gallagher Joshua , Bolt Timothy , Tamiya Nanako 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesThis study aims to identify factors among British community-based adults associated with advance care planning engagement. Factors are then compared among six domains of wishes: medical care, spiritual and religious needs, privacy and peace, dignified care, place of death and pain relief.MethodsCross-sectional data were analysed from a stratified random sample of adults across Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) who were interviewed on their attitudes towards death and dying. Weighted multivariable logistic regression tested for associations with expressing any end-of-life wishes and then for each separate domain.ResultsAnalysis of 2042 respondents (response rate: 53.5%) revealed those less likely to have discussed their wishes were: male, younger, born in the UK, owned their residence, had no experience working in health or social care, had no chronic conditions or disabilities, had not experienced the death of a close person in the last 5 years and feel neither comfortable nor uncomfortable or uncomfortable talking about death. Additional factors among the six domains associated with having not discussed wishes include: having less and more formal education, no religious beliefs, lower household income and living with at least one other person.ConclusionsThis study is the first to be conducted among a sample of community-dwelling British adults and the first of its kind to compare domains of end-of-life wishes. Our findings provide an understanding of social determinants which can inform a public health approach to end-of-life care that promotes advance care planning among compassionate communities.
Adaptations to the British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of acute severe UC in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a RAND appropriateness panel
Authors: Din Shahida , Kent Alexandra , Pollok Richard C , Meade Susanna , Kennedy Nicholas A , Arnott Ian , Beattie R Mark , Chua Felix , Cooney Rachel , Dart Robin J , Galloway James , Gaya Daniel R , Ghosh Subrata , Griffiths Mark , Hancock Laura , Hansen Richard , Hart Ailsa , Lamb Christopher Andrew , Lees Charlie W , Limdi Jimmy K , Lindsay James O , Patel Kamal , Powell Nick , Murray Charles D , Probert Chris , Raine Tim , Selinger Christian , Sebastian Shaji , Smith Philip J , Tozer Phil , Ustianowski Andrew , Younge Lisa , Samaan Mark A , Irving Peter M 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveManagement of acute severe UC (ASUC) during the novel COVID-19 pandemic presents significant dilemmas. We aimed to provide COVID-19-specific guidance using current British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines as a reference point.DesignWe convened a RAND appropriateness panel comprising 14 gastroenterologists and an IBD nurse consultant supplemented by surgical and COVID-19 experts. Panellists rated the appropriateness of interventions for ASUC in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Median scores and disagreement index (DI) were calculated. Results were discussed at a moderated meeting prior to a second survey.ResultsPanellists recommended that patients with ASUC should be isolated throughout their hospital stay and should have a SARS-CoV-2 swab performed on admission. Patients with a positive swab should be discussed with COVID-19 specialists. As per BSG guidance, intravenous hydrocortisone was considered appropriate as initial management; only in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was its use deemed uncertain. In patients requiring rescue therapy, infliximab with continuing steroids was recommended. Delaying colectomy because of COVID-19 was deemed inappropriate. Steroid tapering as per BSG guidance was deemed appropriate for all patients apart from those with COVID-19 pneumonia in whom a 4–6 week taper was preferred. Post-ASUC maintenance therapy was dependent on SARS-CoV-2 status but, in general, biologics were more likely to be deemed appropriate than azathioprine or tofacitinib. Panellists deemed prophylactic anticoagulation postdischarge to be appropriate in patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 swab.ConclusionWe have suggested COVID-19-specific adaptations to the BSG ASUC guideline using a RAND panel.
Mucoactive agents for acute respiratory failure in the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Anand Rohan , McAuley Daniel F , Blackwood Bronagh , Yap Chee , ONeill Brenda , Connolly Bronwen , Borthwick Mark , Shyamsundar Murali , Warburton John , Meenen David van , Paulus Frederique , Schultz Marcus J , Dark Paul , Bradley Judy M 
Published: June 2020

PurposeAcute respiratory failure (ARF) is a common cause of admission to intensive care units (ICUs). Mucoactive agents are medications that promote mucus clearance and are frequently administered in patients with ARF, despite a lack of evidence to underpin clinical decision making. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if the use of mucoactive agents in patients with ARF improves clinical outcomes.MethodsWe searched electronic and grey literature (January 2020). Two reviewers independently screened, selected, extracted data and quality assessed studies. We included trials of adults receiving ventilatory support for ARF and involving at least one mucoactive agent compared with placebo or standard care. Outcomes included duration of mechanical ventilation. Meta-analysis was undertaken using random-effects modelling and certainty of the evidence was assessed using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.ResultsThirteen randomised controlled trials were included (1712 patients), investigating four different mucoactive agents. Mucoactive agents showed no effect on duration of mechanical ventilation (seven trials, mean difference (MD) −1.34, 95% CI −2.97 to 0.29, I2=82%, very low certainty) or mortality, hospital stay and ventilator-free days. There was an effect on reducing ICU length of stay in the mucoactive agent groups (10 trials, MD −3.22, 95% CI −5.49 to −0.96, I2=89%, very low certainty).ConclusionOur findings do not support the use of mucoactive agents in critically ill patients with ARF. The existing evidence is of low quality. High-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to determine the role of specific mucoactive agents in critically ill patients with ARF.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018095408.
Searching for a $$D {\bar{D}}$$ bound state with the $$\psi (3770) \rightarrow \gamma D^0 {\bar{D}}^0$$ decay
Authors: Dai Lianrong , Toledo Genaro , Oset Eulogio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe perform a calculation of the mass distribution in the $$\psi (3770) \rightarrow \gamma D {\bar{D}}$$ψ(3770)→γDD¯ decay, studying both the $$D^+ D^- $$D+D- and $$D^0 {\bar{D}}^0 $$D0D¯0 decays. The electromagnetic interaction is such that the tree level amplitude is null for the neutral channel, which forces the $$\psi (3770) \rightarrow \gamma D^0 {\bar{D}}^0$$ψ(3770)→γD0D¯0 transition to go through a loop involving the $$D^+ D^- \rightarrow D^0 {\bar{D}}^0$$D+D-→D0D¯0 scattering amplitude. We take the results for this amplitude from a theoretical model that predicts a $$D {\bar{D}}$$DD¯ bound state and find a $$D^0 {\bar{D}}^0 $$D0D¯0 mass distribution in the decay drastically different than phase space. The rates obtained are relatively large and the experiment is easily feasible in the present BESIII facility. The performance of this experiment could provide an answer to the issue of this much searched for state, which is the analogue of the $$f_0(980)$$f0(980) resonance.
Singlet fermionic dark matter with dark Z
Authors: Jung Dong-Won , Nam Soo-hyeon , Yu Chaehyun , Kim Yeong Gyun , Lee Kang Young 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a fermionic dark matter model mediated by the hidden gauge boson. We assume the QED-like hidden sector which consists of a Dirac fermion and U(1)$$_X$$X gauge symmetry, and introduce an additional scalar electroweak doublet field with the U(1)$$_X$$X charge as a mediator. The hidden U(1)$$_X$$X symmetry is spontaneously broken by the electroweak symmetry breaking and there exists a massive extra neutral gauge boson in this model which is the mediator between the hidden and visible sectors. Due to the U(1)$$_X$$X charge, the additional scalar doublet does not couple to the Standard Model fermions, which leads to the Higgs sector of type I two Higgs doublet model. The new gauge boson couples to the Standard Model fermions with couplings proportional to those of the ordinary Z boson but very suppressed, thus we call it the dark Z boson. We study the phenomenology of the dark Z boson and the Higgs sector, and show the hidden fermion can be the dark matter candidate.
Null gravitational redshift by a Reissner–Nordström black hole in the strong field limit
Authors: He Guansheng , Pan Chaohong , Zhou Xia , Li Weijun , Li Lin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe gravitational shift of electromagnetic frequency in the strong field limit is usually investigated under the common scenario, where the light receiver is far away from the central body while the emitter is in the strong-field region of the lens. In this paper, the gravitational frequency shift of light caused by a Reissner–Nordström (RN) black hole is studied numerically in the traditional strong-field scenario, as well as in the scenario where both the light emission and reception events happen in the strong-field region of the black hole. In order to obtain the numerical results of the gravitational redshift, we first derive the exact null equations of motion in the RN geometry in harmonic coordinates. For a given light observer, a new numerical technique is proposed in the integration of the geodesic equations to determine the spatial position of the emitter, considering the fact that their spatial positions are not always known simultaneously. Our work might be helpful to the related observations for probing strong gravity.
Fourier transform, quantum mechanics and quantum field theory on the manifold of general relativity
Authors: Horwitz L. P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA proof is given for the Fourier transform for functions in a quantum mechanical Hilbert space on a non-compact manifold in general relativity. In the (configuration space) Newton–Wigner representation, we discuss the spectral decomposition of the canonical operators and give a proof of the Parseval–Plancherel relation and the Born rule for linear superposition. We then discuss the representations of pure quantum states and their dual vectors and construct the Fock space and the associated quantum field theory for Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac statistics.
The INPP4B Tumor Suppressor Modulates EGFR Trafficking and Promotes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Hui , Paddock Marcia N. , Wang Haibin , Murphy Charles J. , Geck Renee C. , Navarro Adrija J. , Wulf Gerburg M. , Elemento Olivier , Haucke Volker , Cantley Lewis C. , Toker Alex 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInactivation of the tumor suppressor lipid phosphatase INPP4B is common in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We generated a genetically engineered TNBC mouse model deficient in INPP4B. We found a dose-dependent increase in tumor incidence in INPP4B homozygous and heterozygous knockout mice compared with wild-type (WT), supporting a role for INPP4B as a tumor suppressor in TNBC. Tumors derived from INPP4B knockout mice are enriched for AKT and MEK gene signatures. Consequently, mice with INPP4B deficiency are more sensitive to PI3K or MEK inhibitors compared with WT mice. Mechanistically, we found that INPP4B deficiency increases PI(3,4)P2 levels in endocytic vesicles but not at the plasma membrane. Moreover, INPP4B loss delays degradation of EGFR and MET, while promoting recycling of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), thus enhancing the duration and amplitude of signaling output upon growth factor stimulation. Therefore, INPP4B inactivation in TNBC promotes tumorigenesis by modulating RTK recycling and signaling duration.Significance:Inactivation of the lipid phosphatase INPP4B is frequent in TNBC. Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we show that INPP4B functions as a tumor suppressor in TNBC. INPP4B regulates RTK trafficking and degradation, such that loss of INPP4B prolongs both PI3K and ERK activation.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1079