bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
​Is suicide mortality associated with neighbourhood social fragmentation and deprivation? A Dutch register-based case-control study using individualised neighbourhoods
Authors: Hagedoorn Paulien , Groenewegen Peter P , Roberts Hannah , Helbich Marco 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundNeighbourhood social fragmentation and socioeconomic deprivation seem to be associated with suicide mortality. However, results are inconclusive, which might be because dynamics in the social context are not well-represented by administratively bounded neighbourhoods at baseline. We used individualised neighbourhoods to examine associations between suicide mortality, social fragmentation, and deprivation for the total population as well as by sex and age group.MethodsUsing a nested case-control design, all suicides aged 18–64 years between 2007 and 2016 were selected from longitudinal Dutch register data and matched with 10 random controls. Indices for social fragmentation and deprivation were calculated annually for 300, 600 and 1000 metre circular buffers around each subject’s residential address.ResultsSuicide mortality was significantly higher in neighbourhoods with high deprivation and social fragmentation. Accounting for individual characteristics largely attenuated these associations. Suicide mortality remained significantly higher for women living in highly fragmented neighbourhoods in the fully adjusted model. Age-stratified analyses indicate associations with neighbourhood fragmentation among women in older age groups (40–64 years) only. Among men, suicide risk was lower in fragmented neighbourhoods for those aged 18–39 years and for short-term residents. In deprived neighbourhoods, suicide risk was lower for men aged 40–64 years and long-term residents. Associations between neighbourhood characteristics and suicide mortality were comparable across buffer sizes.ConclusionOur findings suggest that next to individual characteristics, the social and economic context within which people live may both enhance and buffer the risk of suicide.
Differential expression of antibodies to NMDA receptor in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hirohata Shunsei , Tanaka Keiko 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveAnti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is the most prevalent autoimmune encephalitis having characteristic clinical features with autoantibodies against tetrameric transmembrane channels composed of combinations of NR1 subunits of NMDA receptors with NR2 subunits, which are detected by cell-based assay (anti-NR1/NR2). On the other hand, antibodies against the linear epitope in NR2 subunit (anti-NR2) have been shown to be expressed in patients with diffuse psychiatric/neuropsychological syndromes of neuropsychiatric SLE (diffuse NPSLE). However, it has not been explored whether anti-NR1/NR2 might be detected in NPSLE, nor has it been clear whether anti-NR2 might have cross-reactivity with anti-NR1/NR2. The current study was therefore performed to explore the prevalence of anti-NR1/NR2 in NPSLE.MethodsSerum specimens were obtained from 31 patients with NPSLE (22 with diffuse NPSLE and 9 with neurological syndromes or polyneuropathy) and from 18 normal healthy subjects. Anti-NR2 and anti-NR1/NR2 were measured by ELISA and cell-based assay, respectively. The positivity for anti-NR2 was defined by a value exceeding mean+2 SD of normal healthy subjects.ResultsAnti-NR2 was positive in the sera of 19 of 31 patients with NPSLE (in 15 of 22 patients with diffuse NPSLE). By contrast, anti-NR1/NR2 was positive only in 2 of 31 patients with NPSLE (in 2 of 22 patients with diffuse SLE). The positivity for anti-NR1/NR2 was not correlated with anti-NR2 values.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that the prevalence of anti-NR1/NR2 is extremely low in NPSLE. Moreover, the data also confirm that anti-NR2 antibodies do not have cross-reactivity with anti-NR1/NR2.
Cardiac conduction disturbances in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: results from a 5-year follow-up cohort study
Authors: Bengtsson Karin , Klingberg Eva , Deminger Anna , Wallberg Hanna , Jacobsson Lennart T H , Bergfeldt Lennart , Forsblad-d’Elia Helena 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo describe electrocardiographic (ECG) development in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and identify associations between baseline characteristics and cardiac conduction disturbances (CCD) at 5-year follow-up.MethodsIn a longitudinal cohort study, 172 patients (54% men, mean age (SD) of 50 (13) years at baseline) with AS underwent ECG, physical examination, questionnaires and laboratory testing at baseline and at 5-year follow-up. Descriptive statistics and univariate and age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analyses were used. CCD included both atrioventricular and intraventricular blocks.ResultsTwenty-three of the 172 patients (13.4%) had a CCD at follow-up. Eight patients had developed a new CCD and eight had normalised their ECG. In the age- and sex-adjusted analyses, CCD at baseline (OR 24.8, 95% CI 7.3 to 84.5), male sex (OR 6.4, 95% CI 2.0 to 20.8), history of anterior uveitis (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 14.5), higher ASDAS-CRP (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.0), greater waist circumference (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6, per 5 cm), and medication with antiplatelets (OR 7.0, 95% CI 1.5 to 31.8) and beta-blockers (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 11.5) were associated with a CCD at follow-up. Higher age and longer symptom duration were highly correlated and were both associated with a CCD at follow-up.ConclusionsThe presence of CCD in AS is in part dynamic and associated with both AS and non-AS characteristics. Our results suggest that patients especially prone to present with CCDs are older men with a previous CCD, longer symptom duration, higher AS disease activity, a history of anterior uveitis and medication reflecting cardiovascular disease.
Feasibility and safety of a novel electromagnetic device for small-bore feeding tube placement
Authors: Jacobson Lewis E , Olayan May , Williams Jamie M , Schultz Jacqueline F , Wise Hannah M , Singh Amandeep , Saxe Jonathan M , Benjamin Richard , Emery Marie , Vilem Hilary , Kirby Donald F 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundMisplacement of enteral feeding tubes (EFT) in the lungs is a serious and potentially fatal event. A recent Food and Drug Administration Patient Safety Alert emphasized the need for improved technology for the safe and effective delivery of EFTs.ObjectiveWe investigated the feasibility and safety of ENvue, a novel electromagnetic tracking system (EMTS) to aid qualified operators in the placement of EFT.MethodsThis is a prospective, single-arm study of patients in intensive care units at two US hospitals who required EFTs. The primary outcome was appropriate placement of EFTs without occurrence of guidance-related adverse events (AEs), as confirmed by both EMTS and radiography. Secondary outcomes were reconfirmation of the EFT tip location at a follow-up visit using the EMTS compared with radiography, tube retrograde migration from initial location and AEs.ResultsSixty-five patients were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. EFTs were successfully placed in 57 patients. In eight patients, placement was unsuccessful due to anatomic abnormalities. According to both the EMTS and radiography, no lung placements occurred. No pneumothoraces were reported, nor any guidance-related AEs. Precise agreement of tube tip location was achieved between the EMTS evaluations and radiographs for 56 of the 58 (96.5%) successful placements (one patient had two placements). Tube tip location was re-confirmed 12–49 hours after EFT insertion by the EMTS and radiographs in 48 patients (84%). For 43/48 patients (89.5%), full agreement between the EMTS and radiography evaluations was observed. For the five remaining patients, the misalignment between the evaluations was within the gastrointestinal tract. Retrograde migration from the initial location was observed in 4/49 patients (8%).ConclusionA novel electromagnetic system demonstrated feasibility and safety of real-time and follow-up tracking of EFT placement into the stomach and small intestine, as confirmed by radiographs. No inadvertent placements into the lungs were documented.Level of evidenceLevel V (large case series).
Impact of high sodium intake on blood pressure and functional sympatholysis during rhythmic handgrip exercise
Authors: Caldwell Jacob T. , Sutterfield Shelbi L. , Post Hunter K. , Lovoy Garrett M. , Banister Heather R. , Turpin Vanessa-Rose G. , Colburn Trenton D. , Hammond Stephen S. , Copp Steven W. , Ade Carl J. 
Published: November 2019

High dietary sodium intake is a risk factor for arterial hypertension; given that the ability to overcome sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction (functional sympatholysis) is attenuated in individuals with hypertension, we investigated the cardiovascular responses to high salt (HS) intake in healthy humans. We hypothesized that a HS intake of 15 g/day for 7 days would attenuate functional sympatholysis and augment the blood pressure response to handgrip exercise (HGE). Thirteen participants (6 males, 7 females) underwent 2 individual days of testing. Beat-by-beat blood pressure and heart rate were recorded throughout the trial on the non-exercising limb. Forearm blood flow was derived from ultrasonography on the brachial artery of the exercising limb. Participants then underwent a flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test. Next, a submaximal HGE was performed for 7 min with lower body negative pressure initiated during minutes 5–7. A single spot urine sample revealed a significant increase in sodium excretion during the HS conditions (p < 0.01). FMD was reduced during the HS condition. Mean arterial pressure was significantly higher during HS intake. No alteration to functional sympatholysis was found between conditions (p > 0.05). In summary, HS intake increases blood pressure without impacting functional sympatholysis or blood pressure responsiveness during HGE. These findings indicate that brachial artery dysfunction precedes an inefficient functional sympatholysis. Novelty Functional sympatholysis was not impacted by 1 week of high sodium intake. High sodium intake augmented the rate pressure product during handgrip exercise in healthy humans.
Cubic and tetragonal liquid crystal phases composed of non-chiral molecules: Chirality and macroscopic properties
Authors: Brand Helmut R. , Pleiner Harald 
Published: November 2019

Abstract.
We discuss the symmetry properties as well as the macroscopic behavior of the cubic liquid crystal phases showing large chiral domains of either hand in some non-chiral compounds reported recently in the group of Tschierske. These phases are tricontinuous. While they have O or I432 symmetry in each chiral domain, the overall symmetry is $ I m \bar{3} m$Im3¯m as there is no net chirality for compounds composed of non-chiral molecules. It turns out that a rather similar type of phase has also been reported for triblock copolymers. Here we analyze in detail the macroscopic static and dynamic behavior of such phases and we predict, among other results, that they show the analog of static and dissipative Lehmann-type effects in their chiral domains. A description of a cubic liquid crystalline phase of Th symmetry, which has not yet been found experimentally, is also included. Suggestions for experiments are outlined to identify such a phase. In addition, we discuss tetragonal liquid crystalline phases of D4h and D4 (I422) symmetry as they have been reported last year experimentally in connection to the Q phase.

Graphical abstract
A Phase II, Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Open-Label Study of GX-188E, an HPV DNA Vaccine, in Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 3
Authors: Choi Youn Jin , Hur Soo Young , Kim Tae-Jin , Hong Sung Ran , Lee Jae Kwan , Cho Chi-Heum , Park Ki Seok , Woo Jung Won , Sung Young Chul , Suh You Suk , Park Jong Sup 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
To determine the efficacy of the therapeutic DNA vaccine GX-188E for inducing regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted a prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase II clinical trial of GX-188E in CIN3 patients positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16/18. The primary endpoint was to determine the histopathologic regression to ≤CIN1 at visit seven (V7; 20 weeks after the first GX-188E injection), and an extension study was pursued until visit 8 (V8; 36 weeks after the first GX-188E injection). HPV-sequencing analysis and an ex vivo IFNγ ELISpot assay were performed using the collected cervical biopsy and blood samples from patients.

Results:
In total, 72 patients were enrolled and underwent randomization. Of them, 64 patients were included in per-protocol analysis (V7) and 52 in extension analysis (V8). Our data showed 52% (33/64) of patients at V7 and 67% (35/52) of patients at V8 presented histopathologic regression after receiving the GX-188E injection. We found that 73% (V7) and 77% (V8) of the patients with histologic regression showed HPV clearance. HPV clearance and histopathologic regression were significantly associated at V7 and at V8. Compared with the measurements at V1 (baseline), the patients at V8 with HPV clearance showed significantly higher fold changes in their IFNγ ELISpot responses compared with those without HPV clearance. The HPV sequence analysis revealed that the HPV type 16 E6/E7 variants D25E, V83L, and N29S were inversely associated with histopathologic regression at V8.

Conclusions:
GX-188E is an effective therapeutic vaccine against a cohort containing only CIN3 patients.
Theory of Mind, Religiosity, and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: a Review of Empirical Evidence Bearing on Three Hypotheses
Authors: McCauley Robert N. , Graham George , Reid A. C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe cognitive science of religions’ By-Product Theory contends that much religious thought and behavior can be explained in terms of the cultural activation of maturationally natural cognitive systems. Those systems address fundamental problems of human survival, encompassing such capacities as hazard precautions, agency detection, language processing, and theory of mind. Across cultures they typically arise effortlessly and unconsciously during early childhood. They are not taught and appear independent of general intelligence. Theory of mind (mentalizing) undergirds an instantaneous and automatic intuitive understanding of minds, mental representations, and their implications for agents’ actions. By-Product theorists hypothesize about a social cognition content bias, holding that mentalizing capacities inform participants’ implicit understanding of religious representations of agents with counter-intuitive properties. That hypothesis, in combination with Baron-Cohen’s account of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in terms of diminished theory of mind capacities (what he calls “mind-blindness”), suggests an impaired religious understanding hypothesis. It proposes that people with ASD have substantial limitations in intuitive understanding of and creative inferences from such representations. Norenzayan argues for a mind-blind atheism hypothesis, which asserts that the truth of these first two hypotheses suggests that people with ASD have an increased probability, compared to the general population, of being atheists. Numerous empirical studies have explored these three hypotheses’ merits. After carefully pondering distinctions between intuitive versus reflective mentalizing and between explicit versus implicit measures and affective versus cognitive measures of mentalizing, the available empirical evidence provides substantial support for the first two hypotheses and non-trivial support for the third.
A Climatology of the Extratropical Flow Response to Recurving Atlantic Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Brannan Allison Lynn , Chagnon Jeffrey M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious case studies have noted a significant extratropical flow response to recurving Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs), which is often linked to extreme weather events downstream. This study examines the modification of Rossby waves on the extratropical jet in response to recurving Atlantic TCs from a climatological perspective. Changes in amplitude and location of Rossby waves are identified using a wavelet decomposition technique on isentropic potential vorticity. The climatology demonstrates that recurving Atlantic TC events are capable of modifying the amplitude of the extratropical flow. Though the majority of TCs did not produce a significant, systematic modification of the extratropical flow amplitude, a subset of events were associated with a period of significant Rossby wave deamplification occurring from the time of recurvature to 48 h after recurvature, followed by a return of the Rossby wave power beginning around 96 h after recurvature. The characteristics of the TCs were not significantly associated with the resulting extratropical flow modification—a result consistent with previous western North Pacific climatologies. The nature of the extratropical flow response is most strongly tied to the average translation speed of the TC relative to the Rossby wave over the 72 h following recurvature. This study highlights the importance of investigating the extratropical flow response to recurving Atlantic TCs with regards to predictability.
The Pediatrician as Prophet
Authors: McTavish James 
Published: November 2019

In the gospels, Jesus got angry with his disciples because they were hindering the children from coming to him. When the disciples tried to turn them away, Jesus said “Let the children come to me” (Matt 19:14). Our Lord spoke out on behalf of the little ones at a time when they were generally despised and ignored by society. The gospels also record specific instances of Jesus healing very sick children (see Mk 5: 22-44, 35-42). In continuing the healing ministry of Jesus today, pediatricians continue to work for the welfare of many neglected children and continue to be the voice of the voiceless. Collectively as a profession, pediatric doctors have a voice that people will listen to, and they can have an important say in some problematic issues regarding children in our world of today. Summary: Our Lord healed sick children, and pediatricians carry on his same mission today. From their very baptism, Catholic pediatricians are asked to share in the prophetic mission of the Church. Pope Francis stated that all the baptized are “agents of evangelization.” There are various areas where pediatricians can advocate on behalf of suffering children. The individual and collective voices of pediatricians can be a powerful force for change in society.
Three-dimensional analysis of displacement characteristics of dorsally angulated intra-articular distal radial fractures
Authors: Shigi Atsuo , Oka Kunihiro , Kuriyama Kohji , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Yoshikawa Hideki , Murase Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2019

Understanding the complex fragmentation of intra-articular distal radial fractures contributes to achieving anatomical reduction during surgery. This study aimed to clarify three-dimensional displacement patterns of intra-articular fragmentation in dorsally angulated, intra-articular distal radial fractures. We identified five characteristic intra-articular fragments: a key fragment, dorsal ulnar corner, dorsal wall, radial column and anterior radial column. The key fragment was displaced with radial deviation, pronation and extension and with dorsal, proximal and radial translations. The dorsal ulnar corner displacement resulted in a gap, a step-off and a deepened concavity for the lunate facet and sigmoid notch. The dorsal wall displacement resulted in a deepened concavity, a gap and a step-off of the dorsal scaphoid facet. The displacements of the radial column and anterior radial column caused a step-off between the scaphoid and lunate facets. The five characteristic intra-articular fragments each created a characteristic gap and step-off in the articular surface. Level of evidence: IV
Repository corticotropin injection in patients with advanced symptomatic sarcoidosis: retrospective analysis of medical records
Authors: Chopra Ishveen , Qin Yimin , Kranyak John , Gallagher Jack R. , Heap Kylee , Carroll Susan , Wan George J. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Repository corticotropin injection (RCI) has regulatory approval for many indications, including symptomatic sarcoidosis. This large case series of patients with advanced symptomatic sarcoidosis treated with RCI describes patient characteristics, RCI utilization patterns, concomitant therapies, and physicians’ assessments of treatment response. Methods: Patients ⩾18 years with symptomatic sarcoidosis, treated with RCI in the previous 36 months, who had completed a course of RCI or received RCI for ⩾6 months at the time of data collection were included. Results: The study included 302 patients (mean age, 51 years; 52%, women) with a mean 4.8 years since initial diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Most patients (76%) had extrapulmonary involvement, primarily in the skin (28%), joints (25%), heart (22%), and eyes (22%); 34% had multiple (⩾2) organ involvement. The mean duration of RCI treatment was 32.5 weeks, with 61.6% of patients continuing RCI therapy for ⩾6 months. The RCI utilization pattern indicated an individualized approach to therapy, with a higher starting dose associated with a shorter duration of therapy compared with a lower starting dose. The percentage of patients who used corticosteroids decreased from 61.3% during the 3 months before initiation of RCI to 12.9% 3 months after RCI therapy; the mean daily dose of corticosteroid decreased from 18.2 mg to 9.9 mg. The proportion of patients given <10 mg/day of prednisone increased from 21% before RCI use to 47% 3 months after RCI use. According to physicians’ assessments of change in patients’ health status after RCI therapy, overall status improved in 95% of patients, overall symptoms in 73%, lung function in 38%, and inflammation in 33%. Conclusions: The findings suggest that RCI is a viable treatment option for patients with advanced symptomatic sarcoidosis and provide insights on patient characteristics and practice patterns to help clinicians determine appropriate use. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.