bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Use of Hair Dyes, Chemical Straighteners and Perms in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk in the Sister Study
Authors: White AJ , Taylor KW , Eberle CE , Gaston SA , O'Brien KM , Jackson CL , Sandler DP 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Hair products may contain hormonally active and carcinogenic compounds. We evaluated the risk of breast cancer associated with adolescent use of hair dyes, chemical straighteners and perms in a large prospective U.S. cohort. Methods: Sister Study participants (n = 47,833) were ages 35–74 years and had a sister who had been diagnosed with breast cancer at the time of enrollment (2003–2009). Enrollment questionnaires obtained information on demographics and lifestyle factors as well as frequency of use of hair dyes, chemical straighteners, and perms at ages 10–13 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between adolescent hair product use and breast cancer risk (invasive cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ). We considered whether associations varied by invasiveness, estrogen receptor (ER) status of the tumor, menopause status and race. Results: Over an average of 8.3 years of follow-up, 2,829 cases were diagnosed. Hair dye use at ages 10–13 years was uncommon and not associated with breast cancer risk (e.g. permanent hair dye, &lt;3%; HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.76–1.22). Use of perms (34% non-Hispanic white vs. 8% black women) and straighteners (10% non-Hispanic white vs 75% black women) at ages 10–13 years varied by race. An elevated HR for breast cancer was observed for frequent use of chemical straighteners (HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.98–1.65). Though based on small numbers, this association was most pronounced for ER- invasive (HR = 2.04, 95% CI: 0.98–4.24) and premenopausal breast cancer (HR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.27–3.74). Frequent use of perms was also associated with a higher risk of invasive breast cancer and ER- tumors (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.00–1.57 and HR = 1.69, 95%CI: 0.96–2.98, respectively). Although product use varied by race, associations with breast cancer did not. Conclusions: Frequent use of chemical straighteners or perms during the ages of 10–13 years was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer. These results suggest that exposure to the chemicals in these hair products, especially during adolescence which may be an important biological window of susceptibility, may play a role in breast carcinogenesis.
Weighted Rank Query Search over Cloud Data Storage
Authors: Gopi K.Naga , Rao K. Thirupathi , Chaitanya K. , Venkatesh R. 
Published: March 2020

This paper describes and fixes the problem of multi-keyword rated look for over secured reasoning information (MRSE) while preserving strict system sensible comfort in the reasoning processing model. Information proprietors are roused to delegate their convoluted data administration frameworks from neighborhood destinations to the business open thinking for extraordinary flexibility and monetary advantages. Anyway, for safeguarding data solace, delicate data must be secured before outsourcing, which obsoletes traditional data use in light of plaintext essential word and key expression search for. To better bolster clients in their long haul data missions on the Web, Google stay informed concerning their worries and mouse snaps while seeking on the web. In this paper, we think about the issue of arranging a client's conventional concerns into gatherings in an intense and electronic style. In a flash deciding inquiry gatherings is useful for various distinctive online search for motor parts and projects, for example, question recommendations, result position, question alteration, sessionization, and community explore for. In our method, we depart past strategies to depend on literary resemblance or moment points of confinement, and we suggest a more compelling technique that controls search for question logs.
Simplified Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Based on Switching Schemes with Reduced Switching Frequency and Harmonics for Five Level Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter
Authors: Sirisha B. , Satishkumar Dr. P. 
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a simplified control strategy of SVPWM with a three segment switching sequence and 7 segment switch frequency for high power multilevel inverter. In the proposed method, the inverter switching sequences are optimized for minimization of device switching sequence frequency and improvement of harmonic spectrum by using the three most derived switching states and one suitable redundant state for each space vector. The proposed 3-segment sequence is compared with conventional 7-segment sequence similar for five level Cascaded H-Bridge inverter with various values of switching frequencies including very low frequency. The output spectrum of the proposed sequence design shows the reduction of device switching frequency and states current and line voltage. THD this minimizing the filter size requirement of the inverter, employed in industrial applications. Where sinusoidal output voltage is required<em>.</em>
High impedance fault detection in distribution system
Authors: Sekar Kavaskar , Mohanty Nalin Kant 
Published: March 2020

<p>High impedance faults (HIFs) present a huge complexity of identification in an electric power distribution network (EPDN) due to their characteristics. Further, the growth of non-linear load adds complexity in HIF detection. One primary challenge of power system engineers is to reliably detect and discriminate HIFs from normal distribution system load and other switching transient disturbances. In this study, a novel HIF detection method is proposed based on the simulation of an accurate model of an actual EPDN study with real data. The proposed method uses current signal alone and does not require voltage signal. Wavelet transform (WT) is used for signal decomposition to extract statistical features and classification of HIF into Non-HIF (NHIF) by Neural Networks (NNs). The simulation study of the proposed method provides good, consistent and powerful protection for HIF.</p>
Knowledge and Barriers Among Physicians Toward Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Abdulkarim Dalal Abdulrazaq , Aljadhey Hisham S. , Mahmoud Mansour A. , Poff Gregory A. , Hassali Mohamed Azmi , Ali Sheraz 
Published: March 2020

Background: Spontaneous reporting systems are essential as they help detect serious unknown adverse drug reaction (ADR). However, underreporting of ADR is a commonly associated problem. This research work aims to assess knowledge, barriers, and factors that encourage the reporting of ADR among physicians. Methods: A total of 600 physicians working at a tertiary referral hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were included in this cross-sectional study. A pretested questionnaire was used. Results: Out of the 600 physicians, 240 (40%) completed the questionnaire. Most of the participants (85.4%) could correctly define ADR; nearly 75% physicians were unaware of the spontaneous reporting of ADR in Saudi Arabia. A total of 175 (72.9%) physicians had not reported any ADR among their patients in the last year; 40% of the physicians said that they did not report ADR because they were unaware of the online reporting of ADR. Providing guidelines and regular bulletins on the reporting of ADR is a critical aspect that encourages physicians to report ADR (51%). Education and training are the most recognized measures for improving the reporting of ADR. Conclusion: Physicians were adequately aware of ADR but inadequately aware of the reporting system and reporting authorities. Continuing medical education, training, and integration of the reporting of ADR into physicians’ various clinical activities may improve ADR reporting.
Users’ choice and change of allocated primary mental health professional in community-based mental health services: A scoping review
Authors: Rioli Giulia , Ferrari Silvia , Henderson Claire , Vandelli Riccardo , Galli Giacomo , Minarini Alessandro , Galeazzi Gian Maria 
Published: March 2020

Background: The recovery model in mental health care emphasizes users’ right to be involved in key decisions of their care, including choice of one’s primary mental health professional (PMHP). Aims: The aim of this article was to provide a scoping review of the literature on the topic of users’ choice, request of change and preferences for the PMHP in community mental health services. Method: A search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PsycINFO for papers in English was performed. Additional relevant research articles were identified through the authors’ personal bibliography. Results: A total of 2,774 articles were screened and 38 papers were finally included. Four main aspects emerged: (1) the importance, for users, to be involved in the choice of their PMHP; (2) the importance, for users, of the continuity of care in the relationship with their PMHP; (3) factors of the user/PMHP dyad influencing users’ preferences; and (4) the effect of choice on the treatment outcomes. Conclusion: While it is generally agreed that it is important to consider users’ preferences in choosing or requesting to change their PMHP, little research on this topic is available. PMHPs’ and other stakeholders’ views should also be explored in order to discuss ethical and practical issues.
Rate of Motion and Object Perception in the Blind
Authors: Mccarty Bruce , Worchel Philip 
Published: March 2020

The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between rate of motion of a blind observer and his ability to perceive obstacles. The subject was a totally blind boy of 11 years who was instructed to ride his bicycle over a course in which two movable obstacles had been placed. After 40 trials without a collision, the subject was instructed to ride as swiftly as he could. Forty additional trials were given. The results showed only four collisions, and one of those was during the higher speed trials. Thus, the results indicate that for this boy, higher speeds do not impair object perception.
Economic Security in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Robinson M. C. 
Published: March 2020

To clarify thinking on the subject, the 1955 convention of the American Association of Workers for the Blind will devote time and discussion to various considerations in government provision of financial assistance to blind citizens. In anticipation, it seems appropriate to present here at least parts of the contents of two papers on the general subject that were presented last summer at the General Assembly of the World Council for the Welfare of the Blind in Paris, by Capt. M. C. Robinson and H. A. Wood, respectively. Incorporated herein also are pertinent resolutions adopted by the World Council and the Board of Directors of the American Association of Workers for the Blind. The World Council resolution (No. 8) consists of two paragraphs, each of which was originally adopted separately and which were subsequently combined as they appear here. The first paragraph is substantially the same as Resolution V of the International Conference of Workers for the Blind, held at Merton College, Oxford, in 1949; it is quoted in part also in the introductory sentences of Mr. Wood's paper below. At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the AAWB subsequent to the 1954 Paris meeting of the World Council, the Board's attitude toward that resolution (No. 8) is reported to have been discussed. After consideration, the Board is reported to have determined that any formal statement of policy could only be made by mandate of the Association membership except that reaffirmation of previously adopted policy could be made. This is what was done in the action quoted herein. The papers prepared for the Paris meeting were, of course, directed toward the international audience comprising the World Council and should be read with that fact in mind. Capt. Robinson is national director of the Canadian National Institute for the Blind, for Western Canada, and president of the AAWB (1953–55); Mr. Wood is executive secretary of the North Carolina State Commission for the Blind.—Editor.
Medical Social Work with Eye Patients
Authors: Henrich Laura Jane 
Published: March 2020

It should be obvious that none of what has been proposed can be accomplished quickly. Actual visual loss is a shock to the individual experiencing it, productive of much fear and depression which are not relieved at once, no matter how adequate the ability to adjust. Therefore the medical social worker must be prepared to give service on a long-time basis. Her role with eye patients is one of multiple functions. It has been shown that medical interpretation and follow-up comprise part of the service to be offered. This is as it should be, since it is the medical condition that has brought the patient to the hospital and is generally his major concern, especially in the beginning. Explaining the patient's social and emotional needs to the ophthalmologist is also an important responsibility stemming from the social worker's special area of competence. Practical aspects include referral to other agencies for financial assistance, transportation, appliances, employment or rehabilitation. These services are performed as casework functions recognizing the individual's unique needs and reactions in relation to the eye problem, his right to make decisions and participate actively in the treatment recommendations. The primary discipline is medical and the social worker in this setting. must collaborate with the doctor and other hospital staff members toward the best service to the patient. Because the majority of eye difficulties are related to degenerative changes, the number of persons with visual problems will increase as the span of life lengthens. New knowledge about the aging processes will enhance the worker's skills in any eye program. Since half of blindness can now be prevented if full use is made of our current knowledge it is readily apparent that medical and social work efforts in this field must be directed toward early and continuous treatment in order to reduce the appalling amount of unnecessary blindness in this country.
Effective Use of Volunteers in Group Work and Recreation Programs
Authors: Shapiro Robert , Saul Shura 
Published: March 2020

We believe that the volunteer is a living link between our members and the total community. To our members, the volunteers are continuous proof that there is some acceptance of them by the sighted community. Their voluntary presence, their devoted, sensitive and intelligent assistance, their regular attendance, attest to this much more than would any verbalization. Using the volunteer's services in the group work program has created a splendid and natural way in which blind and sighted people may exchange viewpoints. Rehabilitation of our members may be speeded through such continued contact; each relationship may be considered as another step in the long process of this rehabilitation. An adequately trained volunteer is a better-informed citizen, more aware of people's needs and of the community's responsibilities toward them. We feel that an informed volunteer adds a new dimension to his community as well as to the agency. Certainly, then, a better-informed group of volunteers makes for a more knowledgeable public.
Child Rearing by Blind Parents
Authors: Ware Mary A. , Schwab Lois O. 
Published: March 2020

One somewhat neglected area in the literature dealing with the daily life of blind persons is the responsibilities and problems faced by blind parents. The editors of the New Outlook, therefore, have gathered the following three articles in an effort to present the experiences—the satisfactions, the fears, the problems and solutions—of blind parents in rearing their children. The first article, by Miss Mary A. Ware and Dr. Lois O. Schwab, is based on interviews with 10 blind mothers and presents in detail how they coped with the myriad problems involved in caring for infants and young children. The Second article, by Mrs. Joanna Cargill, is the story of a family in which both parents are visually handicapped. Dr. Nicholas S. DiCaprio, in the final article, combines his experiences as a blind parent and as a professor of psychology to discuss the psychological problems that can arise in rearing a child when only one of the parents is blind. Because these articles may be of practical use to workers for the blind and to blind parents, reprints will be available after July 1. The prices will be: 1-5 copies, free; 6-50 copies, 15c each; 51-100 copies, 10c each. All payments totaling $6 or less must accompany orders.
Transthoracic echocardiography as bedside technique to verify tip location of central venous catheters in patients with atrial arrhythmia
Authors: Iacobone Emanuele , Elisei Daniele , Gattari Diego , Carbone Luigi , Capozzoli Giuseppe 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Transthoracic echocardiography with bubble test is an accurate, reproducible, and safe technique to verify the location of the tip of the central venous catheter. The aim of this study is to confirm the effectiveness of this method for tip location in patients with atrial arrhythmia. Methods: Transthoracic echocardiography with bubble test was adopted as a method of tip location in patients with atrial arrhythmia requiring central venous catheter. If bubbles were evident in the right atrium in less than 2 s after simple saline injection, tip placement was assumed as correct. In cases of uncertain visualization of the bubble effect, the test was repeated injecting a saline–air mixture. Tip location was also assessed by post-procedural chest X-ray. Results: In 42 patients with no evident P-wave at the electrocardiography, we placed 34 centrally inserted central catheters and 8 peripherally inserted central catheters. Transthoracic echocardiography with bubble test detected two centrally inserted central catheter malpositions. In four patients with peripherally inserted central catheter, transthoracic echocardiography with bubble test was positive only when repeated with the saline–air mixture. When the transthoracic echocardiography was positive, the mean (±standard deviation) time for onset of the bubble effect was 0.89 ± 0.33 s in patients with centrally inserted central catheter and 1.1 ± 0.20 s in those with peripherally inserted central catheter; such time difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Tip location of central venous catheter by transthoracic echocardiography with bubble test is feasible, safe, and accurate in patients with atrial arrhythmia. This method can also be applied in peripherally inserted central catheters; however, further studies may be needed to confirm its use in this type of catheters.
Changing the syringe pump: A challenging procedure in critically ill patients
Authors: Elli Stefano , Mattiussi Elisa , Bambi Stefano , Tupputi Serena , San Fratello Salvatore , De Nunzio Angela , D’Auria Salvatore , Rona Roberto , Fumagalli Roberto , Lucchini Alberto 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: In the literature, the change of a syringe pump is described as a dangerous situation, especially in the case of vasoactive drug administration. Methods: Different variables have been studied (central venous pressure, pump displacement in relation to the patient position, utilization of a stopcock, or a neutral displacement needle-free connector between the syringe and the infusion tubing) to understand their influence on medication administration in terms of backflow or bolus creation when changing the syringe. Results: We performed 576 measurements with different combinations. With respect to all the observations, in comparison with “time zero,” we found the following differences expressed in microliters: 0 (±1) at the plunger opening; 0 (±3) at the syringe extraction from the pump; 0 (±7) at the syringe disconnection from the infusion tubing; 0 (±11) at the syringe reconnection to the infusion tubing; 1 (±7) at the syringe insertion in the pump; 3 (±23) at the plunger closing; 8 (±33) at the stabilization at the maneuver end. Conclusion: The syringe change can be a very critical moment given different influencing variables. Syringe pump position, displaced higher than the patient level, always generates a medication bolus that is higher at the lowering of the central venous pressure value. The presence of a neutral displacement needle-free connector reduces the incidence of boluses. When the pump is placed at the patient level, the presence of neutral displacement needle-free connector reduces the establishment of boluses, even in a central venous pressure of −5 mmHg simulations.
Overall survival and factors predicting long-term outcome after thoracic aortic endovascular repair
Authors: Coster Bruno De , Houthoofd Sabrina , Laenen Annouschka , Fourneau Inge , Maleux Geert 
Published: March 2020

Purposes: To assess overall survival and to determine factors predicting outcome after thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Materials and methods: A Retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 212 consecutive patients (165 men and 47 women; mean age 64 years) who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair in a tertiary referral center for aortic disease. Main indications were true thoracic aortic aneurysm (n = 58; 27.6%), traumatic aortic rupture (n = 33; 15.7%), anastomotic pseudoaneurysms (n = 23; 10.9%), chronic type B aortic dissection (n = 22; 10.5%), and symptomatic, acute type B dissection (n = 21; 10.0%). In 79 patients (37.3%), a hybrid procedure, including supra-aortic rerouting, was performed. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used for overall survival and Cox regression models were used for univariable analysis of the association between risk factors and survival. Results: Proximal landing zones were predominantly zone 3 (n = 66; 31.3%), zone 2 (n = 63; 29.9%), and zone 1 (n = 38; 18%). In-hospital mortality was n = 18 (8.5%). Overall survival was 79.6%, 65.9%, and 51.1% at 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively; better overall survival was shown for traumatic aortic rupture, anastomotic pseudoaneurysms, and chronic posttraumatic pseudoaneurysms (p < 0.05). Clinical risk factors influencing overall survival include prior coronary bypass surgery, atrial flutter, arterial hypertension, renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and associated abdominal aortic aneurysm (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair is an effective treatment option for various thoracic aortic diseases with highest survival rates for traumatic aortic rupture and anastomotic pseudoaneurysms. Several clinical parameters are identified as risk factors for overall survival.