bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic balance of the polyp-algae mutualistic symbiosis in the hermatypic coral Porites panamensis in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Authors: Rico -Esenaro S. D. , Signoret -Poillon M. , Aldeco J. , Reyes -Bonilla H. 
Published: December 2020

Studies on metabolic balance in hermatypic corals have been unable to separate the analysis ofanimal’s respiration from that of plant. The objective of this research was to determine the metabolic balance in the mutualistic symbiosis polyp-algae through incubations in respirometric chambers of twelve fragments of coral. The species studied Porites panamensis (Scleractinia: Poritidae), Verrill, 1866 was collected near La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. Experiments were performed during fall 2009 and winter 2010. Water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, irradiance and photosynthetic pigments were measured every two hours during the incubation times. The concentration of pigments was determined through spectrophotometry. The maximum primary production was at 12:00 h, with 3.80 mg O2∙l-1∙h-1 for fall and 4.92 mg O2∙l-1∙h-1 for winter. According to the P : R (Production : Respiration) ratio of 1.90 for fall and 2.07 for winter, the mutualistic symbiosis in P. panamensis showed a predominantly autotrophic behavior. The relative quotients of chlorophyll concentrations (mg∙polyp-1), Chl a : Chl c2, were 1.0 : 0.69 for fall and 1.0 : 1.22 for winter; while ratio of concentrations chlorophyll a : carotenes , Chl a : carotenes (both in mg∙polyp-1), were 1.0 : 2.13 for fall and 1.0 : 1.88 for winter. The high relative concentrations of Chl c2 and carotenes with respect to Chl a is explained as an adaptive response to high irradiance.
ANALYTICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE OPTIMAL TIME FOR CHANGE OF GUARDS ON DUTY IN FIRE SERVICE DIVISIONS
Authors: Власов Константин Сергеевич 
Published: December 2020

В организации деятельности оперативных пожарных подразделений существуют исторически сложившиеся подходы к решению различных вопросов, в частности, к определению времени проведения смены дежурных караулов. Применение новых математических методов и информационных технологий позволяет всесторонне рассмотреть целесообразность выбора времени смены караулов, а также его влияние на другие аспекты деятельности пожарных подразделений. В статье описаны основные методические подходы к решению поставленной проблемы, в частности, с применением средств программной среды R.
There are historically established approaches for solving various issues, in particular, to determining the change of guard on duty time in the context of operative activities of fire service divisions. The use of new mathematical methods and information technologies allows considering in detail the advisability of choosing the time of changing of guard, as well as its impact on other aspects of activities of fire service divisions. The article describes the main methodological approaches for solving the problem, in particular, using the tools of the R software environment.
ABOUT THE TERMS IN THE NORMATIVE DOCUMENTS CONCERNING WITH FIRE SAFETY. THE PREMISES
Authors: Земский Геннадий Тимофеевич , Ильичев Александр Валерьевич , Зуйков Владимир Александрович , Кондратюк Наталья Валентиновна , Аверкина Наталья Борисовна 
Published: December 2020

Неточное определение термина порождает неоднозначное толкование и, как следствие, искажение (неправильный выбор) противопожарных мероприятий. Авторы данной статьи проанализировали несколько наиболее часто употребляемых терминов, используемых в нормативных правовых актах и нормативных документах, и пришли к выводу, что определения многих терминов нуждаются в корректировке, а также сформулировали предложения по изменению определений некоторых терминов и отдельных пунктов Технического регламента о требованиях пожарной безопасности и сводов правил.
An inaccurate definition of the term generates the polysemantic interpretation and, as a result, falsification (incorrect choice) of fire prevention measures. The authors of the article analyzed several of the most frequently used terms applied in regulatory legal acts and normative documents. The authors concluded that the definitions of many terms need to be adjusted. The authors also formulated proposals for changing the definitions of certain terms and particular paragraphs of the Technical Regulations on fire safety requirements as well as Codes of Rules.
Peri-tumoral Lymphovascular density by antipodoplanin antibody D2-40, as a predictor of nodal metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Parvez Kunwar , Arora Vipin , Wadhwa Neelam 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:
The involvement of regional lymph nodes by cancer is a major determinant of prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and is a significant predictor of patient survival. Peri-tumoral lymphangiogenesis is being studied as an important tool in predicting neck lymph node metastasis. Podoplanin, a transmembrane glycoprotein is expressed on lymphatic vessel endothelium and considered as a marker of lymphangiogenesis. The high podoplanin expression has been associated with invasion, progression, and metastasis of oral cancer. D2-40, an anti-podoplanin monoclonal antibody, is a specific marker of lymphatic endothelial cells. The present study was designed to investigate the peritumoral lymphovascular density (PT-LVD) by evaluating D2-40 expression and its potential utility in predicting lymph node metastasis in OSCC.
METHODS: Seventy-two patients with OSCC were enrolled (36 with early and 36 with advanced-stage tumors). Differential expression of peritumoral lymphovascular density (PT-LVD) was evaluated using D2-40 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Expression was categorized as low and high, derived from the mean of a number of vessels per 10 high power fields in hot-spots. Statistical methods were employed to correlate expression with age, gender, tumor site, stage, and neck lymph node involvement.
RESULTS: We observed a significant association between peritumoral lymphovascular density (PT-LVD) with clinical neck lymph node status (p=0.001) and tumor stage (p=0.033). There was no significant correlation of D2-40 expression with age, gender, tumor site, T stage, and tumor differentiation.
CONCLUSION: PT-LVD is a positive predictor of neck lymph node metastasis. It has translational potential, along with other clinical parameters for decision making in the treatment of the neck in oral cancer.
A Significant Increase in Detection of High-resolution Emission Spectra Using a Three-dimensional Atmospheric Model of a Hot Jupiter
Authors: Beltz Hayley , Rauscher Emily , Brogi Matteo , Kempton Eliza M.-R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High-resolution spectroscopy has opened the way for new, detailed study of exoplanet atmospheres. There is evidence that this technique can be sensitive to the complex, three-dimensional (3D) atmospheric structure of these planets. In this work, we perform cross-correlation analysis of high-resolution (R ∼ 100,000) CRIRES/VLT emission spectra of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b. We generate template emission spectra from a 3D atmospheric circulation model of the planet, accounting for temperature structure and atmospheric motions—winds and planetary rotation—missed by spectra calculated from one-dimensional models. In this first-of-its-kind analysis, we find that using template spectra generated from a 3D model produces a more significant detection (6.9σ) of the planet’s signal than any of the hundreds of one-dimensional models we tested (maximum of 5.1σ). We recover the planet’s thermal emission, its orbital motion, and the presence of CO in its atmosphere at high significance. Additionally, we analyzed the relative influences of 3D temperature and chemical structures in this improved detection, including the contributions from CO and H2O, as well as the role of atmospheric Doppler signatures from winds and rotation. This work shows that the hot Jupiter’s 3D atmospheric structure has a first-order influence on its emission spectra at high resolution and motivates the use of multidimensional atmospheric models in high-resolution spectral analysis.
Diagnosing Open Cluster Stock 2: Member Candidates and Mass Distribution with Gaia DR2 and LAMOST
Authors: Ye Xianhao , Zhao Jingkun , Liu Jiaming , Bird Sarah A. , Liu Chao , Liang Xilong , Zhang Jiajun , Zhao Gang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We identify 1325 member candidates of the open cluster (OC) Stock 2 using data from Gaia DR2. We use the algorithms Clusterix 2.0 and HDBSCAN to select cluster candidates and further refine the final cluster membership by defining neighbors in 5D phase space (X
cp, Y
cp,

/ϖ, κ · μ

δ
/ϖ). Among these candidates, less than half have G, G
BP, and G
RP extinctions from Gaia. When Gaia extinctions are unavailable, we compute extiction using empirical formulas and E(B − V) = 0.350. We analyze the spatial distribution and mass profile of Stock 2. Our results reveal Stock 2 is still a bound OC and we find evidence of mass segregation. By comparing initial mass functions, the present-day mass function indicates that Stock 2 is a massive stellar cluster with a mass of 4000 M
⊙. The core radius and tidal radius, calculated via the radial density profile and total mass, are 3.97 pc and 22.65 pc, respectively. Common stars between our selected member candidates and the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope DR7 medium-resolution catalog give a metalliclity of [Fe/H] = −0.040 ± 0.147.
Specific Effect of Peculiar Velocities on Dark-energy Constraints from Type Ia Supernovae
Authors: Huterer Dragan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Peculiar velocities of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) host galaxies affect the dark-energy parameter constraints in a small but very specific way: the parameters are biased in a single direction in parameter space that is a priori knowable for a given SN Ia data set. We demonstrate the latter fact with a combination of inference from a cosmological N-body simulation with overwhelming statistics applied to the Pantheon SN Ia data set, then confirm it by simple quantitative arguments. We quantify small modifications to the current analyses that would ensure that the effect of cosmological parameters is essentially guaranteed to be negligible.
The Role of Far-ultraviolet Pumping in Exciting the [O i] Lines in Protostellar Disks and Winds
Authors: Nemer Ahmad , Goodman Jeremy , Wang Lile 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We use Cloudy to re-examine excitation of [O i] 6300 Å and [O i] 5577 Å in the X-ray driven photoevaporative wind models of Owen and collaborators, and in more recent magnetothermal models by Wang et al. We find that, at the measured accretion luminosities, the far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation would populate the upper levels of the oxygen, which would eventually contribute to the [O i] lines. FUV pumping competes with collisions as an excitation mechanism of the [O i] lines, and they each originate from a distinct region in the protostellar disk environment. Consequently, the line strengths and shapes of [O i] 6300 Å and [O i] 5577 Å would be affected by the inclusion of FUV pumping in the radiation transport simulations.
Redéployer l’État par le marché : la politique des logements sociaux en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: N’goran Alex , Fofana Moussa , Akindès Francis 
Published: December 2020

La rhétorique de l’émergence est récurrente en Afrique, et la Côte d’Ivoire se veut un laboratoire de son expérimentation. Face aux critiques de sa politique de croissance jugée peu inclusive, le gouvernement Alassane Ouattara a voulu renvoyer les signaux d’une politique distributive à travers des programmes sociaux dont la politique des logements sociaux (PLS) est un maillon essentiel. La fabrique de cette politique est envisagée comme une lucarne à travers laquelle les ambigüités de l’État et les enjeux liés au discours de l’émergence sont ici analysés. Les données collectées de février 2016 à avril 2019 auprès d’acteurs impliqués dans les interactions autour du Programme présidentiel de logements sociaux et économiques permettent de procéder à une sociologie de la régulation de la PLS par l’État. Il en ressort que les asymétries de pouvoir entre les acteurs ont compromis l’atteinte des objectifs du Programme. Or ce qui apparaît comme un échec de la régulation cache en réalité l’opportunité qu’a offerte la PLS d’élargir la sphère du patronage politique au secteur privé. La production du social par le marché se révèle être une utopie car derrière le discours fantasmé de l’émergence, l’État ivoirien développe une ingénierie d’instrumentalisation des réformes néolibérales pour son redéploiement.
Le populisme écologique comme stratégie internationale : l’Équateur et la Bolivie face au multilatéralisme environnemental
Authors: Cadalen Pierre-Yves 
Published: December 2020

La notion de populisme est utilisée la plupart du temps pour décrire des scènes politiques nationales, et la pluralité de ses usages peut donner une impression d’indéfinition. Le populisme écologique, concept proposé ici, est décrit comme une stratégie dont les éléments peuvent être articulés au niveau national aussi bien qu’international. L’étude des politiques internationales bolivienne et équatorienne sous les gouvernements de Rafael Correa et d’Evo Morales permet de défendre la thèse selon laquelle cette stratégie politique se caractérise par un renouvellement de l’anti-impérialisme des années 1970 et l’usage d’un signifiant vide singulier, la Pachamama , ou Terre nourricière. Cette stratégie permet non seulement de réunir les milieux altermondialistes autour des diplomaties en question, mais aussi de renforcer la cohésion interne des blocs qui soutiennent les gouvernements Correa et Morales. Cependant, même s’il donne une visibilité inédite à ces pays au sein du multilatéralisme environnemental, le populisme écologique ne parvient pas, faute de puissance et d’intégration des propositions formulées, à transformer le cadre multilatéral contesté.
Les stratégies d’adaptation des pharmacies d’officine face à la concurrence des « supermarchés du médicament ». Le cas de la Belgique
Authors: Chabanet Didier , Coissard Steven , Weppe Xavier 
Published: December 2020

Après une longue période de stabilité, le secteur de la pharmacie d’officine connaît depuis plusieurs années en Europe une série de changements importants, qui déstabilisent le modèle économique traditionnel des pharmacies d’officine, essentiellement fondé sur la vente de médicaments. L’arrivée de nouveaux concurrents, de taille importante, autorisés à vendre des produits parapharmaceutiques à prix cassés, est l’un des principaux éléments qui fait craindre pour leur avenir. La Belgique, qui a ouvert le capital des pharmacies à des non-pharmaciens et qui a vu apparaître, à partir de 2014, des « supermarchés du médicament », est un excellent laboratoire d’analyse de ces bouleversements. À partir d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de 26 pharmaciens et de représentants de la profession, nous nous interrogeons dans cet article sur les stratégies d’adaptation des pharmacies d’officine en Belgique, dans un contexte de plus en plus concurrentiel. Nos résultats montrent que si la plupart d’entre elles procèdent à des ajustements de leurs pratiques qui n’impliquent pas une remise en cause de la logique économique traditionnelle consistant à vendre le plus de produits possible, d’autres développent des modèles alternatifs qui innovent dans la prise en compte des besoins spécifiques du patient et de son suivi.
Albert Thibaudet dans le bain de l’histoire littéraire
Authors: Baillaud Bernard 
Published: December 2020

L’ouverture de nouvelles archives, encore inexplorées, issues de la succession d’Albert Thibaudet, et qui se trouvaient, chez Jean Paulhan, rue des Arènes, dans une baignoire désaffectée, permet d’enrichir la genèse de l’ Histoire de la littérature française . Le plaisir de l’archive permet-il de renouveler en même temps la pratique de l’histoire littéraire et la lecture d’une Histoire de la littérature française ?
Identité, différence et droit au secret à l’ère numérique
Authors: Chardel Pierre-Antoine , Khatchatourov Armen 
Published: December 2020

L’enjeu de cet article est, tout d’abord, de proposer une réflexion sur l’identité telle qu’elle se voit amplement redéfinie à l’ère numérique, en l’abordant sous l’angle des questions qu’elle nous pose et qui concernent la part du secret qui vient nourrir les processus de subjectivation. Ceci dans une époque hypermoderne où les possibilités d’intervenir dans la gestion de nos données personnelles sont limitées : la multiplication des informations récoltées rend irréaliste l’exercice systématique du consentement et le contrôle par l’utilisateur, ne serait-ce qu’en raison de la surcharge cognitive que cet exercice effectif exige. D’autre part, le changement de nature des moyens techniques de collecte, illustré par l’avènement des objets connectés, conduit à la démultiplication des capteurs qui collectent les données sans même que l’utilisateur puisse s’en rendre compte, comme le montre l’exemple de la vidéo-surveillance couplée à la reconnaissance faciale. Dans ces agencements machiniques, le visible se réduit à ce qui peut être saisi en données, à ce qui relève de la mise à disposition immédiate des êtres, comme si on pouvait percer leurs secrets les plus intimes. Mais au-delà des contraintes générées par les architectures numériques, les possibilités d’entrevoir de nouveaux champs de réinvention permanente de soi demeurent pleinement ouvertes et permettent de créer les conditions d’émergence d’un rapport dynamique et plus inventif au secret.
Redistribution of Monocyte Subsets in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients Leads to an Imbalanced PD-1/PD-L1 Cross-Talk with CD4/CD8 T Cells
Authors: Polasky Christina , Steffen Armin , Loyal Kristin , Lange Christian , Bruchhage Karl-Ludwig , Pries Ralph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) represents a substantial disease of recurrent sleep fragmentation, leading to intermittent hypoxia and subsequent diseases such as cardiovascular, metabolic, or cognitive dysfunctions. In addition, OSAS is considered as low-grade systemic inflammation, which is associated with a higher incidence of cancer, severity of infections, and an overall immune dysregulation. This research project aims to comprehensively investigate the interplay of wholesome sleep and the immune functions of circulating monocytes and T cells in OSAS patients, which are known to be affected by oxidative stress. We studied the distribution of the CD14/CD16 characterized monocyte subsets in peripheral blood as well as their PD-L1 expression and complex formation with T cells. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of T cell subsets with regard to their PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was performed. Data revealed a decrease of classical monocytes accompanied by an increase of both CD16+ monocyte subsets in OSAS patients that was positively correlated with the body mass index. OSAS patients revealed an increased PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in T cells and monocytes, respectively, which was linked to the severity of monocyte subset alterations. The complex formation of monocytes and T cells was also elevated in OSAS patients, which indicates a deregulated PD-1/PD-L1 cross-talk between these cells. Our data show for the first time, to our knowledge, massive alterations of peripheral monocyte subsets in response to OSAS and its accompanying phenomena.
The Significance of Leadership for Advancing Clinical Practice and Improving Patient Outcomes in Athletic Training
Authors: Kutz Matthew R. 
Published: December 2020

Context
Leadership has become a recognized contributor to improved patient outcomes. As such, there is increasing pressure on leadership development to include content above and beyond what is needed for administrative or supervisory roles.

Objective
To provide key considerations for leadership development within athletic training and address why leadership is critical to the advancement of athletic training's reputation and improved patient outcomes.

Background
Changes in health care, including increased complexity and movement away from a disease-oriented approach to care toward a patient-oriented approach, is drastically changing how care is perceived and delivered. These changes require addressing the assumptions we hold about development of leadership required for administrative roles (ie, management) and leadership required for navigating complexity, effective clinical practice, and reputation management.

Synthesis
Leadership is something every athletic trainer can practice regardless of career ambition, and demonstrating leadership provides a meaningful contribution toward improved patient outcomes and clinical reputation.

Results
Patients, the profession, the association, peers, and individuals all benefit when leadership is demonstrated effectively. Leadership development that is accessible and relevant to the different needs of clinicians adds value that ultimately contributes toward an enhanced reputation and quality care.

Recommendation(s)
Educational programs, educators, and preceptors must consider ways to identify, recruit, and develop athletic training leaders. Leadership programming that addresses leadership beyond preparation for management or administration is imperative. Leadership development must include soft skills that enable clinicians to lead in different situations and with diverse people.

Conclusion(s)
Leadership behaviors must become an overt expectation of professional practice, and athletic trainers must begin to practice those behaviors in outside of job responsibilities.
Habitat Condition and Diversity of Macrozoobenthos and Nekton Species in The Laut Mati Tasi Ana Rote Ndao Regency, East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Sombo Imelda , Elvis Albertus Bin Toni  , Yohanis Nurak Siwa  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lake Laut MatiTasi Ana is located in Daeurendale Village, Landuleko Sub-District of Rote Ndao Regency East Nusa Tenggara Province. The conditions and characteristics of water habitat of this Lake greatly affect the diversity of existing biota. Insofar, data and information about the diversity of macrozoobenthos and nekton in this lake arestill are not available. This study aims to identify the diversity of macrozoobenthos and nekton that exist in the lake as well as their habitat condition parameters. The samples of data were collected from four predetermined stations of coordinate points (1.Oemasapoka, 2.Olokama, 3.Kaluoen, 4. Lolokaslain) by using cruise method. The study found that in this lake there exist eight species of macrozoobenthos which include Parathelphusaconvexa, Melanoidesturricula, M. tuberculata, M. maculata, Neritaundata, Mytilusedulis, Acar squamosa, Cerastodermaglaucum. Most of those macrozoobenthos belong to Gastropod class. In addition, there are four species of nekton namely Oreochormis niloticus, O. mossambicus, Paracheirodon simulans, Channa sp. All of these nektons are found only in station 1 (Oemasapoka). It is conceivable asthe watersalinity of this station is 30 0/00 and the pH level is 9.29. Such condition allows the existence of the nektons.