bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversidad en las organizaciones. Condicionamientos de lo visible y lo invisible
Authors: Vinsennau Daniel José , Simonetta Carlos David 
Published: May 2020

Una sociedad que ha ido progresando hacia modos más abiertos que en el pasado, y con un discurso apoyado en nuevos valores, ha permitido visibilizar demandas sociales provenientes de grupos que históricamente han estado en un segundo plano, a la vez que sufriendo —en no pocas ocasiones— importantes niveles de discriminación. Esto ha hecho patente la existencia de ciertos grupos de personas «diversas» con necesidades específicas de acuerdo con cada una de sus particulares realidades. Lo que ha dado lugar a la idea de diversidad entendida, en principio, como la suma total del potencial que se encuentra en todo grupo de personas a causa de la singularidad de cada una de ellas; lo que supone un reconocimiento y apreciación de las diferencias. En el marco de una metodología que combina enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos de carácter fenomenológico, el presente trabajo pretende examinar los condicionamientos visibles e invisibles que afectan la noción de diversidad en la consideración ideológica de actores involucrados en la cotidianeidad de la complejidad organizacional pertenecientes al entorno de la UNICEN– Tandil. Los resultados obtenidos alientan a concluir que el tema presenta un campo de estudio a explorar en el que la diversidad visible despierta condicionamientos distintos de los de la diversidad no visible. La propensión a liderar grupos diversos y reclutar personas diversas depende de la categoría de diversidad de la que se trate, y existen algunos indicios de prejuicios para algunas categorías.
Costos asimétricos en empresas argentinas: análisis de modelos
Authors: Barbero Maciel 
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo sigue, en sus primeras tres secciones, el trabajo de Banker y Bysalov (2014). Si bien se respeta el orden cronológico en que son presentados los temas, la estructura interna de cada sección fue modificada y se agregaron algunas aclaraciones que facilitan la comprensión de los mismos. Las referencias corresponden a los autores citados en el trabajo original. Debido a que los costos son fundamentalmente los determinantes de las ganancias en las empresas, es necesario revisar como estos varían según sea el nivel de actividad. Además, los costos son determinantes/ condicionantes de la inversión y la competitividad de un país y tener conocimiento sobre cuáles son las causas de su comportamiento permitirá aportar información para que los tomadores de decisiones en las empresas tengan en consideración. El comportamiento asimétrico de los costos implica que no siempre presentarán un comportamiento idéntico en sus magnitudes de ajuste cuando haya aumentos o caídas en las ventas. Banker, Byzalov y Mashruwala (2014) sostienen que los administradores retienen recursos ociosos a pesar de que las ventas en los períodos anteriores fueron decrecientes. Se argumenta que los costos pegajosos o rígidos a la baja, uno de los posibles comportamientos asimétricos, surgen porque ya existe una holgura de recursos o capacidad instalada y existe además un costo presente o futuro si se quiere realizar un ajuste hacia la baja en esos recursos ociosos.
Banker, Byzalov y Chen (2013) argumentan que uno de los determinantes principales de los costos asimétricos es la magnitud de los costos de ajuste de los recursos. La investigación analiza si existe un comportamiento asimétrico de los costos en empresas argentinas listadas en el Mercado de Valores para el período de análisis 2002–2012. Para ello, se comparan distintos modelos con distintas hipótesis implícitas.
Treatment Of Tofu Industry Wastewater Using Bioreactor Anaerobic-Aerobic And Bioball As Media With Variation Of Hidraulic Retention Time
Authors: Astuti Ariani Dwi , Ayu Dewi Intania 
Published: May 2020

Tofu which is made by grinding soy bean, generates huge amount of wastewater and thus considered as one of the most polluted food-industrial effluent owing to its high values of organic contents. The small industries of tofu preparation process release the wastewater directly into the water body without being treated first. Prior to discharge this wastewater into the waterbody, the wastewater must be treated to reduce the possibility of negative impact and the contamination of the waterbody. For these small industries, the best alternative of wastewater treatment is one which has the following criteria: easy in operation, low cost operation, low volumes of sludge produced, and can be used in high concentration wastewater. In this research, bioreactor anaerobic-aerobic with media bioball is used. The highest removal efficiency of COD took place in anaerobic zones. Bioreactors were operated with the variations of retention time at 24 hours, 18 hours, and 12 hours. The COD removal efficiency for Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 24 hours, 18 hours and 12 hours were found 90.3% (organic loading rate is 15.1 kg COD/m3.day), 84.4% and 76.3% respectively. The experiment showed that the longer of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), the higher the removal efficiency could be achieved. These occurred because a longer HRT will extend the contact time between wastewater and microorganisms attached. Therefore, microorganisms have a longer time to degrade organic matter in wastewater. Although the removal efficiency in these three-HRT was found high, the effluent of the reactor was still above the effluent standard based on regulation of Ministry of Environmental Permen LH No. 5/2014. Kinetics using Eckenfelder Equation results R2 equal to 0.9991, n equal to 0.293 and K equivalent to 7.3577 mg/L. Keywords: tofu wastewater, anaerobe, aerobe, bioball, wastewater, treatment, attached growth
Outdoor Closed System of Algal Mass Culture : In Sight of Comparison on Vertical and Horizontal Photobioreactor for Cultivating the Spirulina sp.
Authors: Farida Hilda , Harahap Puspita Sari , Sobari Rifana , Gunawan Rudyanto , Rahman Delicia Yunita , Susilaningsih Dwi 
Published: May 2020

Spirulina are multiceluller and filamentous blue-green algae that has gained considerable popularity in the health food industry and increasingly as a protein and vitamin supplement to aquaculture diets. The challenge for economically and fulfill the requirement for food and medical purposes has create many ways for mass-growth production, that possibly cultivated in the open-system (such as a raceway pond) or closed-system photobioreactors (such as tubular, bubble-column, airlift, flat-panel, and vertical). the cultivation of teh Spirulina on the vertical and horizontal photobioreactor has been studied. The photobioreactor, namely BJVP and BJHP, has a design to be less energy consumption using the air bubbling or circular paddle. The observation was conducted in a whole year with parameters of rainfall, temperature, light intensity, pH, and salinity. Result showed that cultivation of Spirulina on the vertical photobioreactor growth faster than teh horizontal photobioreactor systems and the yield of biomass was about 0.94 gDW/L. Average of temperature ranges of BJHP were 31.0C-35.5C, salinities were 35 per mil level, pH were 8.55-10.86, and light intensity were 427-2001 umol photon s-1m-2. Whereas the BJVP has averages temperature range of 31.4C-33.9C, salinity 33-35 per mil level, pH 8.46-10.75, and light intensity 532-2062 umol photon s-1m-2. The proximate analyses of biomass from BJVP cultivation shows has tendency higher protein content compared to BJHP. The optimization of both reactors has continuing evaluated in order to get the optimum parameters required for economically Spirulina cultivation systems.Keywords: Spirulina, BJVP, BJHP, outdoor mass cultivating system, photobioreactor.
Second Generation Biobutanol: An Update
Authors: Burhani Dian , Triwahyuni Eka , Setiawan Ruby 
Published: May 2020

Butanol, a rising star in biofuel, can be produced by two approaches, petrochemically and biologically. Currently, the most promising route for butanol production is by fermentation using Clostridium species through an anaerobic condition. However, similar to other biofuels, feedstock has greatly influenced the production of biobutanol and the search for inexpensive and abundant raw material is an absolute requirement for a cost-effective process. Second-generation biobutanol which is produced from lignocellulosic biomass of agricultural and forestry waste not only meets the requirement but also alleviates competition with food crops and thereby solves the problems of food scarcity from the first generation biobutanol. This paper delivered the latest and update information regarding biobutanol production specifically second-generation biobutanol in terms of production method, recovery, purification, status, and technoeconomic. Keyword: biobutanol, lignocellulose, purification, recovery, technoeconomic
On a Singular Robin Problem with Convection Terms
Authors: Guarnotta Umberto , Marano Salvatore A. , Motreanu Dumitru 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the existence of smooth positive solutions to a Robin boundary-value problem with non-homogeneous differential operator and reaction given by a nonlinear convection term plus a singular one is established. Proofs chiefly exploit sub-super-solution and truncation techniques, set-valued analysis, recursive methods, nonlinear regularity theory, as well as fixed point arguments. A uniqueness result is also presented.
Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried extracts of Chlorella vulgaris and antibacterial activity studies
Authors: Torabfam Milad , Yüce Meral 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGreen synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) is acquiring considerable attention due to its environmental and economic superiorities over other methods. This study describes the practical synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through the reduction of silver nitrate solution using an algal source, Chlorella vulgaris, as the reducing as well as the stabilizing agent. The energy required for this synthesis was supplied by microwave radiation. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy exhibited a single peak related to the surface plasmon absorbance of AgNPs at 431 nm. The AgNPs with high stability (a zeta potential of −17 mV), hydrodynamic size distribution of 1–50 nm, and mostly spherical shape were obtained through a 10 min process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that several functional groups, including carbonyl groups of C. vulgaris, play a significant role in the formation of functional NPs. Antibacterial features of the produced AgNPs were verified against those of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating a considerable growth inhibition at increasing concentrations of the NPs. As a result, the formed AgNPs can be used as a promising agent against bacterial diseases.
Notes on the Sociological Study of Language
Authors: Useem John 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The SSRC’s Committee on Sociolinguistics (1963–1979) was formed to explore how the nascent interdisciplinary field of sociolinguistics could deepen scholarly understanding of the intersection of language with social, cultural, and political questions. In this 1963 piece, John Useem, a committee member, explains how “developing the sociological study of language” would advance social science. He emphasizes the potential contribution to social knowledge through research on how language is used across cultural contexts and social divides of class, geography, race, and ethnicity.
Pidginization and Creolization of Languages: Their Social Contexts
Authors: Hymes Dell 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sociolinguistic debates around the definitions and significance of “pidgin” and “creole” languages were increasing in the 1960s and the SSRC’s Committee on Sociolinguistics played a role in cultivating these discussions. This 1968 report by Dell Hymes summarizes issues raised at a conference convened by the Council at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica, to better understand the historical development, the grammatical and lexical evolutions, and the social uses of pidgin and creole languages. Though he highlights how social science can better inform research on pidginization and creolization, Hymes identifies knowledge gaps, among them the nature of the relationship between these languages and national identity, and more broadly the lack of historical and social scientific knowledge of this topic.
Circulating chemerin level may be associated with early vascular pathology in obese children without overt arterial hypertension – preliminary results
Authors: Wójcik Małgorzata , Kozioł-Kozakowska Agnieszka , Januś Dominika , Furtak Aleksandra , Małek Agnieszka , Sztefko Krystyna , Starzyk Jerzy B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Elevated chemerin level is observed in patients with arterial hypertension. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between chemerin level, and parameters of blood pressure and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents with obesity but without arterial hypertension.

Methods
In 23 children with obesity (13 girls, mean age 9.3, SD 1.9, mean BMI SDS 3.9, SD 1.7) 24 h ABPM (Spacelabs 90,217, USA), common carotids and abdominal aorta intima media thickness measurements (Voluson 730, GE Medical System 8.5 and 3.5 MHz probes), body composition analysis (Tanita BC 418 S MA, Tokyo, Japan) were performed. Glucose, triglycerides, total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, liver enzymes, uric acid, creatinine, sodium, insulin and chemerin levels were assessed in blood sample taken after a 12-h fasting period.

Results
There was a significant correlation of circulating chemerin level with systolic blood pressure load in ABPM (r=0.5, p<0.05).

Conclusion
Elevated chemerin level may be associated with increased systolic blood pressure in obese children.
Effect of concentration dependence of viscosity on squeeze film lubrication
Authors: Muthu Poosan , Pujitha Vanacharla 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The influence of concentration of solute particles on squeeze film lubrication between two poroelastic surfaces has been analyzed using a mathematical model. Newtonian viscous fluid is considered as a lubricant whose viscosity varies linearly with concentration of suspended solute particles. Convection-diffusion model is proposed to study the concentration of solute particles and is solved using finite difference method of Crank–Nicolson scheme. An iterative procedure is used to get the solution for concentration, pressure and velocity components in film region. It has been observed that load carrying capacity decreases as the concentration of solute particles in the fluid film decreases. Further, the concentration of suspended solute particles decreases as the permeability of the poroelastic plate increases and these results may be useful in understanding the mechanism of human joint.
diceCT: A Valuable Technique to Study the Nervous System of Fish
Authors: Camilieri-Asch Victoria , Shaw Jeremy A. , Mehnert Andrew , Yopak Kara E. , Partridge Julian C. , Collin Shaun P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContrast-enhanced X-ray imaging provides a non-destructive and flexible approach to optimizing contrast in soft tissues, especially when incorporated with Lugol’s solution (aqueous I2KI), a technique currently referred to as diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT). This stain exhibits high rates of penetration and results in excellent contrast between and within soft tissues, including the central nervous system. Here, we present a staining method for optimizing contrast in the brain of a cartilaginous fish, the brownbanded bamboo shark,Chiloscyllium punctatum, and a bony fish, the common goldfish,Carassius auratus, using diceCT. The aim of this optimization procedure is to provide suitable contrast between neural tissue and background tissue(s) of the head, thereby facilitating digital segmentation and volumetric analysis of the central nervous system. Both species were scanned before staining and were rescanned at time (T) intervals, either every 48 h (C. punctatum) or every 24 h (C. auratus), to assess stain penetration and contrast enhancement. To compare stain intensities, raw X-ray CT data were reconstructed using air and water calibration phantoms that were scanned under identical conditions to the samples. Optimal contrast across the brain was achieved at T = 240 h forC. punctatumand T = 96 h forC. auratus. Higher resolution scans of the whole brain were obtained at the two optimized staining times for all the corresponding specimens. The use of diceCT provides a new and valuable tool for visualizing differences in the anatomic organization of both the central and peripheral nervous systems of fish.
When echo gets in the way: physiological factors affecting Doppler data
Authors: Jose J. , Randall K. , Baron J. , Khoo J. 
Published: May 2020

Summary
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is widely used as a pre-operative screening tool. It can provide extensive information about cardiac function and underlying pathology, which could influence decisions regarding surgery. This patient was referred for TTE as part of pre-op screening, as he had a biological prosthetic aortic valve. This was a rare case where misleading TTE measurements inadvertently led to the patient being referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), which delayed non-cardiac surgery.
Ceftriaxone Degradation by Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles: Toxicity and Degradation Mechanism
Authors: Usman Mohammad Rofik , Prasasti Azmi , Islamiah Sovia , Firdaus Alfian Nur , Marita Ayu Wanda , Fajriyah Syamsiyatul , Yanti Eka Fitri 
Published: May 2020

Ceftriaxone is a third generation of cephalosporin antibiotics that commonly used in patients with ulcers. Ceftriaxone residues in the environment are degraded using Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Degradation of ceftriaxone using TiO2 nanoparticles was influenced by environmental conditions, such as light sources, pH of the solution, the mass of TiO2 nanoparticles, and the length of radiation. The remained ceftriaxone was analyzed by using a spectrophotometer UV-visible. The toxicity of the solution after the degradation process was tested on Escherichia coli and the type of products resulted was analyzed using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (LC-MS). The optimum conditions in degrading 50 mL 250 ppm ceftriaxone was radiation under a mercury UV lamp (white), pH 8, and 100 mg of TiO2 nanoparticles for 9 hours. The degradation degree of ceftriaxone obtained was 96.52%, producing simpler compounds that not toxic to E. Coli.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for CKD in the General Population of Southwestern Nicaragua
Authors: Ferguson Ryan , Leatherman Sarah , Fiore Madeline , Minnings Kailey , Mosco Martha , Kaufman James , Kerns Eric , Amador Juan Jose , Brooks Daniel R. , Fiore Melissa , Parekh Rulan S. , Fiore Louis 
Published: May 2020

Significance Statement
Most studies of Mesoamerican nephropathy have focused on regions in El Salvador and northwest Nicaragua and on agricultural workers, but information regarding prevalence and risk factors for CKD in Nicaragua’s general population is sparse. In a study of community-dwelling individuals in southwestern Nicaragua, the authors screened 1242 participants for CKD (defined as <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Risk factors for prevalent CKD included age, diabetes, and hypertension. Current or former workers in the sugarcane industry (but not other types of agriculture) had a twofold-increased odds of CKD. CKD prevalence in southwestern Nicaragua is about 5% among the general population but is not consistent across Nicaragua. Formal CKD surveillance programs in Nicaragua are needed to assess the overall burden of CKD nationally, with a focus on agricultural workers.

Background
Studies have described Mesoamerican nephropathy among agricultural workers of El Salvador and northwestern Nicaragua. Data on prevalence and risk factors for CKD beyond agricultural workers and in other regions in Nicaragua are sparse.

Methods
We recruited participants from 32 randomly selected communities in the Department of Rivas’s ten municipalities in two phases. In phase 1, we screened participants using a field-based capillary creatinine measuring system and collected self-reported information on lifestyle and occupational, exposure, and health histories. Two years later, in phase 2, we enrolled 222 new participants, performing serum creatinine testing in these participants and confirmatory serum creatinine testing in phase 1 participants.

Results
We enrolled 1242 of 1397 adults (89%) living in 533 households (median age 41 years; 43% male). We confirmed CKD (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) in 53 of 1227 (4.3%) evaluable participants. In multivariable testing, risk factors for prevalent CKD included age (odds ratio [OR], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.89 to 1.96) and self-reported history of hypertension (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.64), diabetes (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.40 to 5.93), or current or past work in the sugarcane industry (OR 2.92; 95% CI, 1.36 to 6.27).

Conclusions
Adjusted CKD prevalence was about 5% with repeat confirmatory testing in southwest Nicaragua, lower than in the northwest region. Risk factors included diabetes, hypertension, and current or prior work in the sugarcane industry but not in other forms of agricultural work. Formal CKD surveillance programs in Nicaragua are needed to assess the overall burden of CKD nationally, with a focus on agricultural workers.
ADAB ṬALAB AL-‘ILMI BERDASARKAN TERJEMAH MODEL INFERENSI PADA KAJIAN MAJᾹZ MURSAL SURAH NUH AYAT TUJUH
Authors: Azhari Fadilah Rifqi 
Published: May 2020

In studying the Qur’an, we can use a variety of scientific studies as a basis and learn from them. This research aims to show the aspects of bayān majāz mursal knowledge in Surah Nuh verse 7. Translated to the inference model which pays attention to cognitive relevance and communicative, the meaning contained easier to understand. This research is qualitative study with descriptive analysis method. The results of this study are 1) in Surah Nuh verse 7 contains majāz mursal with the type ‘alāqah kulliyyah 2) With the inference model of translation, the verse shows more communicative 3) The study manners can be taken are the student should avoid ignoring the truth, always accept critics and not being arrogant.
ANALISIS IQTIBĀS DALAM SYAIR IBNU JABIR AL ANDALUSIA
Authors: Sarifah Sarifah 
Published: May 2020

Al-Qur’an has the beautiful meaning and language style that can reach the soul of the listene From there Balāgah science appear that the suitability of fluent and proper sentence could be applied to the meaning of appropriate lafaz. In Balāgah science there are three own discussion namely: ilmu ma’āni, ilmu bayān, and ilmu badī’. Iqtibās is one of part ilmu badī’, which make many Arabic poets that cite Al-Qur’an, because of the sentences and the selection of lafaz which make the poets fascinated by the beauty of its language style. This research used a descriptive analsis of qualitative research on the poem of Ibnu Jabir Al Andalusia.