bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development and validation of the Privacy and Data Security Concerns Scale (PDSCS)
Authors: Brady Grant M. , Truxillo Donald M. , Bauer Talya N. , Jones Mark P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study describes the development and validation of the Privacy and Data Security Concerns Scale (PDSCS), designed to assess job applicants’ privacy and data security concerns. Validity evidence for the PDSCS was established with four steps including: item generation and content validation, item reduction, confirmatory factor analysis, and construct and criterion validity. Our findings supported the content and proposed factor structure of the nine‐item PDSCS. Specifically, the proposed three‐factor structure (with the subdimensions: Secure connection, inappropriate use of information, and mistrust in employer security practices) as well as a second‐order factor, (termed privacy and data security concerns) were confirmed. Additionally, evidence is presented for the criterion validity of the PDSCS and its subdimensions.
Re‐connecting capitalism: prospects for the regulatory reform of the employee interest in UK takeovers
Authors: Rees Chris , Gold Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article draws upon the disconnected capitalism thesis (DCT) to analyse UK takeovers and their implications for workers. The DCT refers to the disconnect between the source of value creation (the labour process) and the wider political economy. Specifically, we highlight a particular aspect of this disconnect whereby those who create value and have a long‐term stake in firms (employees and managers at the firm level) are disconnected from decisions regarding takeovers, as a consequence of wider economic and political trends (processes of financialisation/marketisation and associated state support for a neoliberal takeover regime). We outline these trends and argue the case for a re‐connect, which will require empowering employees and managers to have more influence in takeover decisions and, in turn, disempowering shareholders and financial intermediaries. The article thus highlights the regulatory space for takeovers and considers feasible policy options, a set of interlinked regulatory changes, which will in particular require a more assertive state.
Innovative postnatal risk assessment in preventive child health Care: A study protocol
Authors: van Minde Minke R. C. , Remmerswaal Marianne , Raat Hein , Steegers Eric A. P. , de Kroon Marlou L. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo introduce the rationale and design of a postnatal risk assessment study, which will be embedded in Preventive Child Health Care. This study will evaluate: (a) the predictive value of an innovative postnatal risk assessment, meant to assess the risk of growth and developmental problems in young children; and (b) its effectiveness in combination with tailored care pathways.DesignThis study concerns a historically controlled study design and is designed as part of the Healthy Pregnancy 4 All‐2 program. We hypothesize that child growth and developmental problems will be reduced in the intervention cohort due to the postnatal risk assessment and corresponding care pathways.MethodsThe study was approved in August 2016. Children and their parents, visiting well‐baby clinics during regular visits, will participate in the intervention (N = 2,650). Additional data of a historical control group (N = 2,650) in the same neighbourhoods will be collected. The intervention, consisting of the risk assessment and its corresponding care pathways, will be executed in the period between birth and 2 months of (corrected) age. The predictive value of the risk assessment and its effectiveness in combination with its corresponding care pathways will be assessed by Preventive Child Health Care nurses and physicians in four Preventive Child Health Care organisations in three municipalities with adverse perinatal outcomes. A total risk score above a predefined threshold, which is based on a weighted risk score, determines structured multidisciplinary consultation.DiscussionThe successful implementation of this innovative postnatal risk assessment including corresponding care pathways has potential for further integration of risk assessment and a family‐centred approach in the work process of Preventive Child Health Care nurses and physicians.ImpactThis study introduces a systematic approach in postnatal health care which may improve growth and developmental outcomes of children and even future generations.
Trade‐offs between ontogenetic changes and food consumption in Brazilian silverside Atherinella brasiliensis from two tropical estuaries
Authors: Júnior Alexandre da Gama Fernandes Vieira , de Lima Diele Emele Pontes Carvalho , dos Santos Sales Natalice , de Freitas Terra Bianca , Pessanha André 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSalinity variation in estuarine environments influences the distribution of fish species as well as the availability of food resources to be used by them. This study examines the effect of the range of salinity on the trade‐off between growth and feeding intensity of Atherinella brasiliensis from two tropical estuaries (positive and hypersaline). To investigate the effects of salinity, we hypothesized that hypersalinity negatively affects foraging intensity, consumption and prey selection by the Brazilian silverside, leading to differences in body condition. Sampling was carried out using the beach seine method in two areas of the estuaries (upper and lower zone) during rainy and dry periods. A total of 2549 stomachs (1124 for the positive estuary and 1425 for the hypersaline estuary) were examined, and the results indicated a dissimilarity of 92.7% of the diet between environments. In the positive estuary, there was more predation on Calanoida, Gastropoda, Hymenoptera, Ceratopogonidae larvae and Decapoda larvae, while Alga and plant‐material characterized the diet in the hypersaline estuary. Significant correlations between the volume of food and salinity were observed in both estuaries. The vacuity index indicated that hypersaline environments presented higher contributions of semifull stomachs, indicating an intense consumption of algae. On the other hand,in the positive estuary, these values were less intense, but the stomachs were always with animal items. The variation found for both environments reinforces the effect of salinity on the physiological mechanism of the populations once the higher proportions of filled stomachs in the hypersaline environment indicate the need for constant and high ingestion of prey to guarantee the pronounced energy expenditure with osmoregulation.
Deaths during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium: Exploring causes, context and evidence from Eastern India
Authors: Sk Md Illias Kanchan , Paswan Balram , Anand Ankit , Chowdhury Poulomi , Naskar Tapan Kumar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe study was aimed to identify the specific reasons and circumstances of maternal deaths in West Bengal.MethodsThe present study is a retrospective study of 317 maternal deaths, conducted between November 2013 and October 2015 at two major referral hospitals of eastern India, West Bengal. The frequencies, proportions, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used to describe the data. The data were analyzed using the statistical software spss version 20.0. ArcGIS 10.1 was also employed to show the distributional pattern of maternal deaths.ResultsThe overall maternal mortality ratio was estimated as 561 per 100 000 live births. Eclampsia or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy contributed to one‐third (33.1%, n = 105/317) of maternal deaths. The maternal deaths were more common (41%) among women belonging to the age group of 20–24 years and primiparous (36.9%) group. The average distance for traveling to reach the final hospital was 47.37 km. Approximately, three‐fourths (72.2%) of maternal deaths were in the post‐partum period. Half of the women (50.5%) sought medical care after 12 hrs of developing complications. The majority of the cases (80.1%) were referred and about 45% of patients had a cesarean section.ConclusionThe result suggests there was a shift in causes of maternal deaths from hemorrhage to eclampsia. Establishment of separate eclampsia units at lower‐level health facilities may be a more plausible pathway to prevent eclampsia‐related maternal deaths in West Bengal.
Maternal perceptions of sleep problems among children and mothers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Israel
Authors: Zreik Ghadir , Asraf Kfir , Haimov Iris , Tikotzky Liat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite the marked impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on the life of families and its possible negative implications for sleep, little is known about how sleep among parents and children has been impacted by this current crisis. In the present study, we addressed, for the first time, possible consequences of the COVID‐19 crisis and home confinement on maternal anxiety, maternal insomnia, and maternal reports of sleep problems among children aged 6–72 months in Israel (N = 264). Our results revealed a high frequency of maternal clinical insomnia during the COVID‐19 pandemic: 23% during the pandemic, compared to only 11% before the pandemic (retrospective reports about 1–2 months before the pandemic). About 80% of mothers reported mild‐to‐high levels of current COVID‐19 anxiety. The majority of mothers reported no change in their child’s sleep quality, duration, and sleeping arrangement. However, about 30% reported a negative change in child’s sleep quality and a decrease in sleep duration, and there were also mothers who reported a positive change. These findings suggest that the changes in sleep patterns during the COVID‐19 pandemic are varied and that no unified change for the worse should be expected. Further consideration of changes in sleep within the family context during this ongoing crisis is needed.
Long‐term follow‐up of diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis C successfully treated with direct‐acting antiviral agents
Authors: Ciancio Alessia , Ribaldone Davide G. , Dotta Anna , Giordanino Chiara , Sacco Marco , Fagoonee Sharmila , Pellicano Rinaldo , Saracco Giorgio M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsClearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with improved glycometabolic control in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) but whether this effect is maintained over the long term with a reduction in liver‐related events (LRE) is still debated. To address these issues, we conducted a long‐term prospective study on diabetic and non‐diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis C cured by direct antiviral agents (DAAs).MethodsAmong 893 recruited patients, 15.7% were diabetic (Group 1) and 84.3% non‐diabetic (Group 2); changes in fasting glucose (FG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were assessed in Group 1 while the incidence of LRE was established in the whole cohort. Differences between groups were evaluated and independent predictors of unfavourable clinical outcome were established.ResultsAfter a mean follow up of 44.5 months, a significant reduction in FG and HbA1c values was found in Group 1. Death was reported in 5.7% of patients in Group 1 vs 1.6% in Group 2 (P = .003), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)‐free survival was significantly lower in Group 2 (P = .015) as well as LRE‐free survival in Group 1 cirrhotic patients (P = .0006). After adjustment for baseline variables, cirrhosis and albumin levels emerged as independent predictors of LRE; low albumin levels, DM and central obesity were associated with HCC risk in cirrhotic patients while insulin therapy emerged as unfavourable predictor among diabetics.ConclusionsSVR achieved by DAAs is associated with long‐term improvement of glycometabolic control in diabetic patients, but among cirrhotics DM still exerts a detrimental effect on the liver.
The myth of ivory tower versus practice‐oriented research: A systematic review of randomised studies in medical education
Authors: Tolsgaard Martin G. , Mahan Kulasegaram Kulamakan , Woods Nicole N. , Brydges Ryan , Ringsted Charlotte , Dyre Liv 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContextA long‐standing myth in medical education research is a divide between two different poles: research aiming to advance theory with little focus on practical applications (‘ivory tower’ research) and practically oriented research aiming to serve educators and decision‐makers with little focus on advancing theory (‘in‐the‐trenches’ practice). We explored this myth in a sample of randomised medical education studies using Stokes’ four‐quadrant framework for the classification of research perspective.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, ERIC, Web of Science and Scopus for studies in medical education using a randomised design that were published between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018. We used Stokes’ four‐quadrant framework to categorise the studies according to their use of theory, concepts and their justification for practical use. We compared medical education research published in medical education journals and clinical journals.ResultsA total of 150 randomised studies were included in the analysis. The largest segment of studies (46.7%) was categorised as use‐inspired basic research (Pasteur's Quadrant), closely followed by pure applied research (40.7%, Edison's Quadrant). Only a few studies were categorised as aiming to advance knowledge with no thought for practical educational application (2.0%, Bohr's Quadrant).The proportion of studies that included educational concepts and theory differed according to publication in clinical journals or medical education journals: 40.5% vs 71.8%, respectively, P < .001. There were no differences between journals with regard to the proportion of studies that included a practical educational or clinical rationale (P = .99).ConclusionIn a large sample of studies using randomised designs, we found no evidence to support the myth that medical education research divides between two singular poles represented by ‘ivory tower research’ and ‘in‐the‐trenches practice’. We did confirm prevailing assumptions regarding an emphasis on non‐theoretical medical education research in clinical journals.
Nonredundant functions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis chaperones promote survival under stress
Authors: Harnagel Alexa , Lopez Quezada Landys , Park Sae Woong , Baranowski Catherine , Kieser Karen , Jiang Xiuju , Roberts Julia , Vaubourgeix Julien , Yang Amy , Nelson Brock , Fay Allison , Rubin Eric , Ehrt Sabine , Nathan Carl , Lupoli Tania J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBacterial chaperones ClpB and DnaK, homologs of the respective eukaryotic heat shock proteins Hsp104 and Hsp70, are essential in the reactivation of toxic protein aggregates that occur during translation or periods of stress. In the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the protective effect of chaperones extends to survival in the presence of host stresses, such as protein‐damaging oxidants. However, we lack a full understanding of the interplay of Hsps and other stress response genes in mycobacteria. Here, we employ genome‐wide transposon mutagenesis to identify the genes that support clpB function in Mtb. In addition to validating the role of ClpB in Mtb's response to oxidants, we show that HtpG, a homolog of Hsp90, plays a distinct role from ClpB in the proteotoxic stress response. While loss of neither clpB nor htpG is lethal to the cell, loss of both through genetic depletion or small molecule inhibition impairs recovery after exposure to host‐like stresses, especially reactive nitrogen species. Moreover, defects in cells lacking clpB can be complemented by overexpression of other chaperones, demonstrating that Mtb's stress response network depends upon finely tuned chaperone expression levels. These results suggest that inhibition of multiple chaperones could work in concert with host immunity to disable Mtb.
Rare/cryptic Aspergillus species infections and importance of antifungal susceptibility testing
Authors: Tsang Chi‐Ching , Tang James Y. M. , Ye Haiyan , Xing Fanfan , Lo Simon K. F. , Xiao Chenlu , Han Lizhong , Wu Alan K. L. , Ngan Antonio H. Y. , Law Kwok‐Cheung , To Ying‐Nam , Sze Dorothy T. T. , Chim Oscar H. Y. , Hui Teresa W. S. , Leung Carl W. H. , Zhu Tianrenzheng , Yao Chunyan , Tse Brian P. H. , Lau Susanna K. P. , Woo Patrick C. Y. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe number of patients infected with Aspergillus rose dramatically in recent years. However, studies on the clinical spectrum and antifungal susceptibilities of non‐classical (non‐fumigatus, non‐flavus, non‐niger and non‐terreus) pathogenic Aspergillus species are very limited.ObjectivesWe examined the clinical spectrum and antifungal susceptibilities of 34 non‐duplicated, non‐classical Aspergillus isolates collected from Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Shanghai.MethodsThe Aspergillus isolates were identified by internal transcribed spacer, partial BenA and partial CaM sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Susceptibility testing against eight antifungals was performed following the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing's methodology.ResultsThe 34 Aspergillus isolates were identified as 14 different rare/cryptic species of four sections (Flavi [n = 8], Nidulantes [n = 8], Nigri [n = 17] and Restricti [n = 1]). Except for one patient whose clinical history could not be retrieved, 72.7% of the remaining patients had underlying conditions predisposing them to Aspergillus infections. The most common diseases were pulmonary infections (n = 15), followed by skin/nail infections (n = 6), chronic otitis externa and/or media (n = 5), wound infections (n = 2) and mastoiditis/radionecrosis (n = 1), while three were colonisations. Five patients succumbed due to the infections during the admission, and another two died 5 years later because of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that they possessed different susceptibility profiles compared to the classical Aspergillus species. The majority of isolates characterised were sensitive or wild‐type to amphotericin B. The minimum effective concentrations for all the three echinocandins were also low.ConclusionSusceptibility testing should be performed for infections due to these rare/cryptic Aspergillus species to guide proper patient management.
The role of protein kinase D (PKD) in intracellular nutrient sensing and regulation of adaptive responses to the obese environment
Authors: Renton Mark C. , McGee Sean L. , Howlett Kirsten F. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryObesity is associated with ectopic accumulation of lipids, which is implicated in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. As the global prevalence of obesity continues to rise, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the underlying cellular mechanisms of this disease. Protein kinase D (PKD) is an intracellular signalling kinase with well characterized roles in intracellular vesicle transport and secretion, cancer cell proliferation and cardiac hypertrophy. However, emerging evidence also highlights PKD as a novel nutrient sensor. PKD activation is mediated by the accumulation of the lipid intermediate diacylglycerol, and PKD activity in the liver, heart and adipose tissue increases upon feeding. In obesity, PKD signalling is linked to reduced insulin signalling and dysfunction in adipose tissue, liver and heart, whilst in the pancreas, PKD is essential for the compensatory increase in glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion from β‐cells during obesity. Collectively, these studies reveal aspects of PKD signalling that are involved in the tissue‐specific responses to obesity. This review summarizes the emerging evidence suggesting that PKD plays an important role in regulating the adaptive response to the obese environment.
Metabolomic differences of exhaled breath condensate among children with and without asthma
Authors: Chang‐Chien Ju , Huang Hsin‐Yi , Tsai Hui‐Ju , Lo Chi‐Jen , Lin Wan‐Chen , Tseng Yu‐Lun , Wang Shih‐Ling , Ho Hung‐Yao , Cheng Mei‐Ling , Yao Tsung‐Chieh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere remains an unmet need in objective tests for diagnosing asthma in children. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of metabolomic profiles of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) to discriminate stable asthma in Asian children in the community.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐five Asian children (92 stable asthma and 73 non‐asthmatic controls) participating in a population‐based cohort were enrolled and divided into training and validation sets. Nuclear magnetic resonance‐based metabolomic profiles of EBC samples were analyzed by using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis.ResultsEBC metabolomic signature (lactate, formate, butyrate, and isobutyrate) had an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.826 in discriminating children with and without asthma in the training set, which significantly outperformed FeNO (AUC = 0.574; P < .001) and FEV1/FVC % predicted (AUC = 0.569; P < .001). The AUC for EBC metabolomic signature was 0.745 in the validation set, which was slightly but not significantly lower than in the testing set (P = .282). We further extrapolated two potentially involved metabolic pathways, including pyruvate (P = 1.67 × 10−3; impact: 0.14) and methane (P = 1.89 × 10−3; impact: 0.15), as the most likely divergent metabolisms between children with and without asthma.ConclusionThis study provided evidence supporting the role of EBC metabolomic signature to discriminate stable asthma in Asian children in the community, with a discriminative property outperforming conventional clinical tests such as FeNO or spirometry.
Assessment of different techniques for the administration of inhaled salbutamol in children breathing spontaneously via tracheal tubes, supraglottic airway devices, and tracheostomies
Authors: Anderson Natalie , Schultz André , Ditcham William , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative respiratory adverse events account for a third of all perioperative cardiac arrests, with bronchospasm and laryngospasm being most common. Standard treatment for bronchospasm is administration of inhaled salbutamol, via pressurized metered dose inhaler. There is little evidence on the best method of attaching the pressurized metered dose inhaler to the artificial airway during general anesthesia.AimThe aim of this study is to investigate the best method to deliver aerosolized salbutamol via pressurized metered dose inhaler to the lungs of an anesthetized child.MethodsWe measured salbutamol delivered by pressurized metered dose inhaler through different sized tracheal tubes, supraglottic airway devices, and tracheostomies in vitro for methods commonly employed for connecting the pressurized metered dose inhaler to the artificial airway. Breathing was simulated for patients weighing 3, 16, 50, and 75 kg. Pressurized metered dose inhaler actuation coincided with inspiration.ResultsA pressurized metered dose inhaler combined with an in‐line non‐valved or valved spacer, or the direct method, when delivered via tracheal tube, was linked with improved delivered dose of salbutamol, compared to all other methods for 3 or 50 kg simulated patients weights. The delivered dose when using a non‐valved spacer was greater than all methods for 16 and 75 kg patient weights. A spacer improved delivery for the flexible supraglottic airway device type, and there was no difference with or without a spacer for remaining types.ConclusionVia tracheal tube and non‐valved spacer, the following doses should be delivered after single actuation of a 100 µg labeled‐claim salbutamol dose: ~2 µg kg−1 per actuation to a 3 kg neonate, ~1 µg kg−1 per actuation to a 16 kg child, and ~ 0.5 µg kg−1 per actuation for a 50–75 kg child. The least effective methods were the syringe, and the uni‐ and bidirectional adaptor methods, which require replacement by the direct method if a spacer is unavailable.