bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baltica and the Cadomian orogen in the Ediacaran–Cambrian: a perspective from SE Poland
Authors: Żelaźniewicz Andrzej , Oberc-Dziedzic Teresa , Slama Jiri 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the supercontinent of Rodinia, Baltica occurred next to Amazonia, then the two drifted away when Rodinia broke up. By the end of the Neoproterozoic, Baltica became an independent continent. At that time, Timanide orogen developed at its modern northeastern margin. In most paleogeographical reconstructions, the opposite (SW, Tornquist) edge faced the Tornquist Ocean and remained just a passive margin till the arrival of the Gondwana-born East Avalonia in the late Ordovician. However, preliminary isotopic studies of detrital zircons from the Tornquist passive margin succession hinted that rock components of Gondwana derivation reached Baltica already in the early Cambrian. In this paper, we examine 18 drill-cores of Ediacaran-Cambrian and Ordovician siliciclastic rocks from the tectonostratigraphic units along the SW–NE transect from Upper Silesia (USB) via Małopolska (MB) and the Holy Cross Mts (HCM) to the East European Platform (EEP), SE Poland, in terms of the provenance data gained from the LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP analyses of 32 zircon samples. Rocks from all the units revealed abundant Cadomian 0.7–0.55 Ga detrital zircons (15–50% of the total analyzed grains) and other grains that yielded peaks at 0.9–1.2, 1.4–1.6, 1.8–2.2, 2.7–3.0 Ga assignable to Baltica rather than Amazonia. Such age spectra in the USB, HCM and EEP prove the proximity of peripheral (peri-Gondwanan) fragments of the Cadomian orogen to Baltica. These fragments formed the Teissyere-Tornquist Terrane Assemblage (TTA) that obliquely docked and overrode the thinned southwestern edge of Baltica which earlier accumulated Neoproterozoic rift and passive margin deposits. Our data show that in the late Ediacaran-early Cambrian, parts of the Cadomian orogenic belt became accreted to Baltica.
Capacity challenges in water quality monitoring: understanding the role of human development
Authors: Kirschke Sabrina , Avellán Tamara , Bärlund Ilona , Bogardi Janos J. , Carvalho Laurence , Chapman Deborah , Dickens Chris W. S. , Irvine Kenneth , Lee SungBong , Mehner Thomas , Warner Stuart 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMonitoring the qualitative status of freshwaters is an important goal of the international community, as stated in the Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) indicator 6.3.2 on good ambient water quality. Monitoring data are, however, lacking in many countries, allegedly because of capacity challenges of less-developed countries. So far, however, the relationship between human development and capacity challenges for water quality monitoring have not been analysed systematically. This hinders the implementation of fine-tuned capacity development programmes for water quality monitoring. Against this background, this study takes a global perspective in analysing the link between human development and the capacity challenges countries face in their national water quality monitoring programmes. The analysis is based on the latest data on the human development index and an international online survey amongst experts from science and practice. Results provide evidence of a negative relationship between human development and the capacity challenges to meet SDG 6.3.2 monitoring requirements. This negative relationship increases along the course of the monitoring process, from defining the enabling environment, choosing parameters for the collection of field data, to the analytics and analysis of five commonly used parameters (DO, EC, pH, TP and TN). Our assessment can be used to help practitioners improve technical capacity development activities and to identify and target investment in capacity development for monitoring.
The Object(s) of Phenomenology
Authors: Arnold Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObject-hood is central to Husserl’s work, yet he employs several different notions of object-hood without clarifying the differences; his work thus offers rich and nuanced reflections on object-hood, but in a theoretically underdeveloped, at times even paradoxical, form. This paper aims to develop Husserl’s theory of objects systematically. In order to achieve this I distinguish five object-concepts operative in Husserl’s phenomenology and prove that they are not co-extensional. I also argue that they form a layer in terms of transcendental constitution, one implying the other. I conclude the paper by exploring Husserl’s paradoxical claim that the absolute is not an object. From these considerations, two meta-phenomenological lessons emerge: (a) object-hood is not total (there are not only objects); yet (b) we cannot escape objectification while engaged in phenomenological reflection.
Assessment of the attitude, awareness and practice of periprocedural warfarin management among health care professional in Qatar. A cross sectional survey
Authors: Eljilany Islam , El-Bardissy Ahmed , Nemir Arwa , Elzouki Abdel-Naser , El Madhoun Ihab , Al-Badriyeh Daoud , Elewa Hazem 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is estimated that 10–15% of oral anticoagulant (OAC) patients, would need to hold their OAC for scheduled surgery. Especially for warfarin, this process is complex and requires multi-layer risk assessment and decisions across different specialties. Clinical guidelines deliver broad recommendations in the area of warfarin management before surgery which can lead to different trends and practices among practitioners. To evaluate the current attitude, awareness, and practice among health care providers (HCPs) on warfarin periprocedural management. A multiple-choice questionnaire was developed, containing questions on demographics and professional information and was completed by187 HCPs involved in warfarin periprocedural management. The awareness median (IQR) score was moderate [64.28% (21.43)]. The level of awareness was associated with the practitioner’s specialty and degree of education (P = 0.009, 0.011 respectively). Practice leans to overestimate the need for warfarin discontinuation as well as the need for bridging. Participants expressed interest in using genetic tests to guide periprocedural warfarin management [median (IQR) score (out of 10) = 7 (5)]. In conclusion, the survey presented a wide variation in the clinical practice of warfarin periprocedural management. This study highlights that HCPs in Qatar have moderate awareness. We suggest tailoring an educational campaign or courses towards the identified gaps.
Deciphering the performance of satellite-based daily rainfall products over Zambia
Authors: Libanda Brigadier , Mie Zheng , Nyasa Linda , Chilekana Ngonga 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe amount and distribution of precipitation plays a vital role in the management of water resources, agriculture and flood-risk preparedness. Unfortunately, Zambia like many other developing countries is a highly data-scarce country with few and unevenly distributed meteorological stations. The objective of this study was to run a comparative analysis of satellite-based rainfall products (SRPs) and gauge data to ascertain the reliability of using SRPs for daily rainfall measurements in Zambia. The four daily SRPs examined in this study include the following: The Tropical Applications of Meteorology using Satellite and ground-based observations version 3 (TAMSATv3), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), the Climate Hazards group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data version 2 (CHIRPSv2.0), and the African Rainfall Climatology Version 2 (ARCv2). SRPs were compared to rain gauge data from 35 meteorological, agrometeorological, and climatological stations in Zambia for the period 1998–2015. Statistical analyses were extensively carried out at temporal scales inter alia daily, monthly, seasonal and annual. Comparisons were also done for three stations lying at the highest, middle and lowest elevations to examine the ability of SRPs to capture precipitation occurrences on complex topography. Strong coefficient of determination (> 0.9) of all the SRPs and gauge data were found at the monthly scale even over multifaceted topography. However, the ability of these products to capture rain gauge data at daily, seasonal and annual scales differs markedly. Specifically, PERSIANN outperforms all the other SRPs at all scales, CHIRPSv2.0 is rated second, followed by TAMSATv3 and ARCv2, respectively. These results suggest that PERSIANN can reliably be used in studies that seek to estimate rainfall in data-sparse regions of Zambia at any temporal scale and arrive at similar results to rain gauge data.
Effects of Vertical and Pinch Rolling on Residual Stress Distributions in Wire and Arc Additively Manufactured Components
Authors: Tangestani Reza , Farrahi Gholam Hossein , Shishegar Mehdi , Aghchehkandi Bahareh Pourbagher , Ganguly Supriyo , Mehmanparast Ali 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResidual stresses are inherent in parts manufactured using the wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique, resulting in unpredictable mechanical response and structural integrity (Colegrove et al.: J Mater Process Technol 213:1782-1791, 2013). An effective post-processing technique, which enhances the mechanical properties of WAAM parts, is rolling. This study investigates the vertical and pinch rolling effects on residual stress distribution in WAAM components. Initially, a WAAM model was created using a thermo-mechanical finite element modelling approach and validated against the experimental results. Subsequent to the validation of the model, the effect of the main parameters involved in vertical and pinch rolling processes, namely the rolling depth, the curvature depth of the roller, the roller shape, transversal displacement, rolling direction and roller thickness, was investigated. The results from this study show that the residual stress profile in the vertical rolling process applied on a WAAM wall can be enhanced by increasing the rolling depth and curvature depth of the roller. Moreover, it is shown that in the pinch rolling process, the residual stress profile is sensitive to the rolling direction and more compressive residual stresses can be induced into the wall by applying fewer passes of rolling using thicker rollers.
One anastomosis gastric bypass vs. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, remedy for insufficient weight loss and weight regain after failed restrictive bariatric surgery
Authors: Poublon Nathan , Chidi Ibtissam , Bethlehem Martijn , Kuipers Ellen , Gadiot Ralph , Emous Marloes , van Det Marc , Dunkelgrun Martin , Biter Ulas , Apers Jan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Failure occurs in up to 60% of the patients that were treated with primary restrictive bariatric operations such as Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB), or restrictive/metabolic operations like Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG). Insufficient weight loss and weight regain are the most commonly reported reasons of failure. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to compare One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) as a revisional procedure in terms of weight loss, procedure time, complication rate and morbidity.

Methods
491 patients operated on between 2012 and 2017 for failed restrictive surgery were included in this study (OAGB (n=185) or RYGB (n=306)). Failure was defined as total weight loss (TWL) less than 25%, excess weight loss (EWL) less than 50% and/or a remaining body mass index (BMI) larger than 40 kg/m2 at two years of follow up. Primary outcome measures were %TWL and % excess BMI loss (EBMIL) at 12, 24 and 36 months of follow-up. Secondary outcomes were procedure time, reduction of comorbidity, early and late complication rate, and mortality.

Results
%TWL was significantly larger in the OAGB group at 12 months (mean 24.1±9.8 vs. 21.9±9.7, p = 0.023) and 24 months (mean 23.9±11.7 vs. 20.5±11.2, p = 0.023) of follow-up. %EBMIL was significantly larger in the OAGB group at 12 months (mean 69.0±44.6 vs. 60.0±30.1, p = 0.014) and 24 months (mean 68.6±51.6 vs. 56.4±35.4, p = 0.025) of follow-up. Intra-abdominal complications (leakage, bleeding, intra-abdominal abscess and perforation) occurred less frequently after revisional OAGB (1.1% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.025). Surgical intervention for biliary reflux (5.4% vs. 0.3%, p < 0.001) was more prevalent in the OAGB group. Surgical intervention for internal herniation (0.0% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.002) was more prevalent in the RYGB group.

Conclusions
This study suggests that OAGB is superior to RYGB as a remedy for insufficient weight loss and weight regain after failed restrictive surgery with more weight loss and a lower early complication rate. To substantiate these findings, further research from prospective randomized controlled trials is needed.
Out-of-Home Mobility and Social Participation of Older People: a Photo-Based Ambulatory Assessment Study
Authors: Kahlert Daniela , Ehrhardt Niklas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch has shown that social participation contributes to older people’s healthy ageing. Out-of-home mobility may promote higher levels of social participation among older people. However, mobility and social participation are sophisticated constructs. Social participation can be distinguished among different levels, such as being alone, being alone surrounded by others, interacting with others or engaging in activities together. Social participation and time spent in out-of-home-mobility can be difficult to remember and therefore difficult to assess. Picture-based ambulatory assessment provides valid and reliable information about people’s mobility as well as their level of participation with high ecological validity. The aim of the study was to investigate older people’s level of social participation and its association with high or low out-of-home mobility. In sum, 23072 pictures (mean per person = 2307; SD = 686.7) involving ten older people (mean age = 75.4 years; SD = 7.5 years) living in southwestern Germany were analysed. They were asked to wear a wearable camera for two consecutive days. Images were automatically captured every 15 seconds. Image analysis shows that study participants spent most of their time alone (at approximately 35% of analysed time). Out-of-home mobility was associated with higher levels of social participation, such as helping others (chi2 = 200,664, df = 5,p < .001). Picture-based ambulatory assessment can assist in the gathering of necessary sophisticated information that is difficult to assess via questionnaires or other similar methods.
Apolipoproteins, as the carrier proteins for lipids, are involved in the development of breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Y. , Luo G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractApolipoproteins, the key components of lipoproteins, play vital roles in the combination and transportation of lipids. Numerous research articles have accumulated solid evidence that lipoproteins are closely related to various types of tumorigenesis. In this review, we focused on the associations between several apolipoproteins and breast carcinoma and distinguished the effects and significance of apolipoproteins in different locations to validate their roles in breast carcinoma development. For example, apoD and apoE in serum are viewed as risk factors for breast carcinoma. ApoD, apoE and apoA-I in mammary tissues inhibit tumor growth. Moreover, apoB, apoJ and apoA-I have the potential to function as diagnostic or prognostic markers in the clinic. ApoEdp and apoJ treatment on breast carcinoma could significantly restrict tumor growth. In general, the aim of this review was to further analyze the associations between some members of the apolipoprotein family and breast cancer.
Scenario analysis on abating industrial process greenhouse gas emissions from adipic acid production in China
Authors: Tong Qing , Lin Han-Yi , Qin Xu-Ying , Yan Run-Sheng , Guo Yue-Feng , Wei Xin-Yang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdipic acid is an important petrochemical product, and its production process emits a high concentration of greenhouse gas N2O. This paper aims to provide quantitative references for relevant authorities to formulate greenhouse gas control roadmaps. The forecasting method of this paper is consistent with the published national inventory in terms of caliber. Based on the N2O abatement technical parameters of adipic acid and the production trend, this paper combines the scenario analysis and provides a measurement of comprehensive N2O abatement effect of the entire industry in China. Four future scenarios are assumed. The baseline scenario (BAUS) is a frozen scenario. Three emission abatement scenarios (ANAS, SNAS, and ENAS) are assumed under different strength of abatement driving parameters. The results show that China’s adipic acid production process can achieve increasingly significant N2O emission abatement effects. Compared to the baseline scenario, by 2030, the N2O emission abatements of the three emission abatement scenarios can reach 207–399 kt and the emission abatement ratios can reach 32.5%–62.6%. By 2050, the N2O emission abatements for the three emission abatement scenarios can reach 387–540 kt and the emission abatement ratios can reach 71.4%–99.6%.
Multiple Environmental Variables Affect Germination and Mortality of an Annual Salt Marsh Pioneer: Salicornia procumbens
Authors: van Regteren M. , Meesters E. H. , Baptist M. J. , de Groot A. V. , Bouma T. J. , Elschot K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSalt marshes, providing numerous ecosystem services, are degrading worldwide. To effectively aid conservation and restoration efforts, increased knowledge on marsh expansion processes and the initial establishment of pioneer vegetation is essential. In this study, we disentangle environmental drivers that affect the lifecycle of the annual pioneer Salicornia procumbens at the salt marsh edge. We studied the effect of various environmental variables on the start of germination, germination success and mortality before seed-set in a field experiment in the Dutch Wadden Sea at Westhoek. Our results indicate that temperature and sedimentation inhibited the initiation of germination. Once germination occurred, higher precipitation rates increased germination success. In contrast, sedimentation rates above 0.5 mm day−1 halved germination success through burial of freshly sprouted seedlings. Unexpectedly, natural germination was low, indicating that seed availability may have been limited, despite a seed source nearby. Frequent inundation, extended periods without inundation (through desiccation of the soil) and a highly dynamic bed level increased mortality before seed-set. Consequently, bed-level dynamics (erosion, sedimentation and bed-level variation) impact seed production dually (decrease germination and increase mortality) and thus potentially reproduction success. A high seed reproduction is crucial for annuals, such as S. procumbens, to re-establish the following year. Next to advancing our general knowledge of natural salt marsh expansion, results in this study can also be used to assess the potential of a given site for salt marsh stimulation or restoration. Seed availability and local bed-level dynamics are key in the successful establishment of a salt marsh pioneer: Salicornia procumbens.
Lab-scale degradation of leather industry effluent and its reduction by Chlorella sp. SRD3 and Oscillatoria sp. SRD2: a bioremediation approach
Authors: Santhosh S. , Rajalakshmi A. M. , Navaneethakrishnan M. , Jenny Angel S. , Dhandapani R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study focuses on treatment of tannery effluent samples using microalgae and isolated cyanobacteria. Different concentrations of both the effluent samples were treated with the algal isolates and a highest biomass of 0.295 g/l was attained in 50% of concentration on the 12th day in BHEL site. The biomass production in Walajapet site was found to be 0.387 g/l in the effluent treated with 50% of algae. The treated effluent was tested for growth and chlorophyll content was estimated, Chlorella sp. SRD3 showed higher chlorophyll content. The 50% treatment was processed at large-scale treatment in lab and biomass yield of 0.65 ± 0.04 g/l was achieved in BHEL site and 0.49 ± 0.028 g/l in Walajapet site. The treatment led to higher reduction rates in BOD and COD levels in treated effluents. The BOD in effluent from BHEL site was reduced to 83.41% and that from Walajapet site showed 87.46% reduction, whereas the COD values also showed 78% reduction. Based on the results, effluent sample serves as a medium for growth and bioremediation of tannery effluents by microalga, Chlorella sp. SRD3 revealed promising results which may prove efficient in the near future.
Evaluation of risk factors for secondary phimosis in children
Authors: Al-Mayoof Ali F. , Almushhadany Osama Esmaeel , Joda Ali E. , Mohammed Mohammed Kamil 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Phimosis refers to inability to retract the prepuce, which is an indication of circumcision. Secondary phimosis is a late complication of circumcision that results from adhesion of redundant inner skin.

Aim:
This article evaluates the risk factors for secondary phimosis in children focusing on the age at circumcision, method used, and the person who performed the procedure, in addition to any post circumcision infections.

Setting:
Central Teaching Hospital of Pediatrics – Baghdad/Iraq.

Patients and method:
From May 2015 to June 2019, a total of 134 boys with secondary phimosis attended the outpatient pediatric surgery clinic. This group of patients was compared with a control group consisting of 154 boys. The two groups were compared regarding the age at circumcision, the circumciser, the method of circumcision, and any postoperative infection. In addition, patients with secondary phimosis were classified according to the grade of phimosis and evaluated with respect to risk factors.

Results:
The mean age at circumcision for the secondary phimosis and control groups were 9.0 ± 8.3 and 13.4 ± 11.2 months, respectively, with a significant P value (P = 0.001). A member of the nursing staff performed the circumcision in 89.5% of the secondary phimosis group, whereas a physician performed the circumcision in 67.5% of the control group, which was statistically significant. The circumcision in the secondary phimosis group was primarily performed using a bone cutter with thermal cautery (75%), whereas in the control group, the circumcision was primarily performed using a bone cutter with scalpel blade (65.5%) (P = 0.001). The grade of phimosis is significantly related to the method of circumcision and the age at circumcision.

Conclusion:
The incidence of secondary phimosis can be decreased if the circumcision is performed after the infancy period by an expert person and with the avoidance of thermal cautery.

Highlights: