bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on RNA Regulating Iron Transport in Outer Membrane Vesicles of Hypervirulent Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Authors: Zhou Mao , Wang Siyi , Lan You , Li Xin , Liu Xuan , Wang Jiahui , Li Jun , Yan Qun , Liu Wenen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The iron acquisition ability of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) is an important part of its super virulence mechanism, increasing studies have proved that outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are involved in the iron acquisition process of bacteria. Thus, we compared the difference in RNA expression in OMVs of hvKP in iron-rich and iron-deficient medium, and explore the possible mechanism of RNA in OMVs involved in hvKP iron acquisition. Results: The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that in iron-deficient medium, there were 239 up-regulated and 89 down-regulated mRNAs in OMVs of hvKP, of which 20 mRNAs related to iron transport was up-regulated, mainly including siderophore synthesis and receptor genes, ATP binding cassette transporter family and iron sulfur cluster. Only two of the differential ncRNAs that regulate these mRNAs are up-regulated, which are lncRNAs.Conclusion: We demonstrated that mRNA and lncRNA in OMVs were directly or indirectly involved in the iron acquisition mechanism of hvKP under iron deficiency environment, which enhanced the adaptive survival ability of hvKP. It provided a basis for further exploring the iron acquisition mechanism of OMVs involved in hvKP.
Comparing different types of statins for secondary prevention of cardio-cerebrovascular disease from a national cohort study
Authors: Kim Joungyoun , Kim Hyeong-Seop , Bae Yun-Jong , Lee Hyeong-Chul , Lee Jae-woo , Kang Hee-Taik 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Statins have been recommended for use in atherosclerotic cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of five different types of statin in the secondary prevention of CCVD in patients.
Methods

This study has a retrospective design and utilised data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort. Participants aged 40 to 69 years at baseline were categorized into five statin groups (atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, pitavastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin). The primary composite outcome was defined as recurrence of CCVD or all causes of death. Cox proportional hazard regression models were adopted after stepwise adjustments for confounders to investigate the difference in efficacy among the different statins.
Results

Of the 755 final study participants (485: atorvastatin, 34: pitavastatin, 8: pravastatin, 96: rosuvastatin, and 132: simvastatin group), 48 patients experienced primary composite outcomes. The median follow-up duration was 12.4 years across all groups. After stepwise adjustments, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for primary composite outcomes of atorvastatin, pitavastatin, and rosuvastatin groups were 0.956 (0.456–2.005), 1.347 (0.354–5.116), and 0.943 (0.317–2.803), respectively, when compared with the simvastatin group.
Conclusions

There were no significant differences between the statins in their efficacy for preventing recurrence of CCVD events and/or death in CCVD patients. However, further large-scale clinical trials are required to confirm these results.
Migraine headaches triggered by palpation of chronic facial folliculitis: a peripheral and central interaction in migraine
Authors: Deng Zi-Ru , Li Han-Li , Zhang Juan , Sun Qi-Bing , Chen Xin , Wang Yu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective

To report a case of severe migraine without aura (MwoA) headaches triggered by palpation of the folliculitis around a unilateral nosewing and the folliculitis was chronic before effective treatment for migraine, and to discuss its underlying mechanisms.
Background

Multiple studies have shown that peripheral mechanisms may be involved in migraine generation and there are few case reports supporting this speculation. But a clinical case demonstrating a reciprocal action between migraine headache and peripheral pathology has never been reported.
Methods

A case of new onset migraine headache triggered by palpation of the regional facial folliculitis which was chronic but responsive to an effective treatment for migraine was reported. We briefly reviewed the peripheral mechanisms of migraine and the reciprocal action between migraine headache and peripheral pathology.
Results

A 45-year-old man with chronic folliculitis around the left nosewing of which palpation, each time, would trigger an episode of headache fulfilling the criteria for MwoA by the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (ICHD-3). And the episode of headache would be solely triggered by palpating the facial folliculitis. His chronic folliculitis around the left nosewing did not relieve after treatment with only antibiotics but resolved in the setting of no triggered migraine headache after treatment with sodium valproate.
Conclusions

In the setting of chronic facial folliculitis, palpating regional area can trigger migraine headache, and in particular, resolution of the chronic facial folliculitis was associated with effective therapy for migraine. This indicates that there is a peripheral and central interaction associated with neurogenic immunomodulation in migraine.
Impact of Educational Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program on Quality of Life, Pain Management, Self-Efficiency Behaviors, and Its Impact of Satisfaction among Adult Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Neuropathy Pain
Authors: Abu-Shennar Jawad AHMAD , Bayraktar Nurhan Bayraktar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
AimsThis study aims to investigate the impact of the educational self-efficacy enhancement program on quality of life, pain management, self-efficiency behaviors, and its impact satisfaction among adult diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy pain.Materials and methodsThis randomized controlled study was conducted at the Jordanian Ministry of Health. during the period from October - March 2020 with 72 adult diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy pain, after the ethical approval. Study group participants have implemented an educational self-efficacy enhancement program. Demographic data from, Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale, Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D), Pain Intensity Scale, and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire were used in data collection. ResultsThis study found that the self-efficacy enhancement program had a significantly positive impact on diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain patients’ QoL, pain levels, self-efficiency behaviors, and satisfaction. ConclusionIt is crucial to improve their self-efficacy behaviors and modification of lifestyle and behavioral changes such as appropriate diet, exercise, reduce weight and encouragement stop smoking, and regularly visit treating physicians.
RAF1 as Downstream Molecule Mediates the FSH Signaling Pathway to Stimulate E2 Synthesis and Secretion in Mouse Ovarian Granulosa Cells
Authors: Luo Xuan , Liu Hui , Guo Hongzhou , Sun Longjie , Gou Kemian , Cui Sheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: V-raf-leukemia viral oncogene 1 (RAF1) kinase is the key factor in extracellular signal regulated pathway, which transmits signals to the downstream extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK). Regulatory function of RAF1 has been proved to mediate steroid hormone synthesis, which played an essential physiological function in reproduction and development. Whether RAF1 takes part in the signaling events of gonadotropic hormones follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in ovarian is unknown.Results: We found that RAF1 as downstream molecule mediates the FSH signaling pathway to stimulate estradiol (E2) synthesis and secretion in mouse ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). The expression of RAF1 is induced by FSH and the production of E2 is increased in the serum and primary ovarian GCs supernatant, the process of which is blocked by treating with RAF1 inhibitor (N-(2-Methyl-5'-morpholino-6'-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)oxy)-[3,3'-bipyridin]-5-yl)-3(trifluoromethyl) benzamide, RAF709). Inhibition of RAF1 activity by RAF709 decreased ERK phosphorylation, and suppressed the expression of cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily a member 1 (CYP19A1) which is a major rate-limiting enzyme to participate in the last step of E2 biosynthesis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that RAF1 play a pivotal mediating roles toward E2 production in FSH signaling pathway by inducing the phosphorylation of ERK and promoting the process of estradiol synthesis. RAF1 may be a potential and effective factor to regulate the function of the female mouse reproductive system.
GC-MS Analysis of Major Compounds and Antihyperglycemic and Cytotoxicity Properties of Ficus racemosa L. fruit Extract: An in-vitro and in-silico Study
Authors: Swargiary Ananta , Verma Akalesh K. , Daimari Manita 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ethnobotanical relevance: Ficus racemosa L. is one of Assam's best-known plants with rich ethnomedicinal values. The Bodo population of Assam consumes the fruit extract from the plant as a preventative measure against diabetes.Aim of the study: The goal of this study was to investigate metal content, major phytocompounds, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity as well as cytotoxicity properties of Ficus racemosa fruit extracts.Materials and methods: The GC-MS technology was used to analyze the main phytochemical content of the plant and heavy metal detection was performed by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Enzyme inhibition was studied by UV/VIS spectrophotometric methods. Furthermore, the druglikeness and bioavailability properties of compounds were carried out using computer-aided tools, SwissADME and admetSAR. Docking and visualization were performed in AutoDock vina and Discovery studio. The latter research has been supported by the pharmacophore modeling and structure superimposition of studied compounds for lead molecules.Results: GC-MS analysis showed six major compounds from the plant. However, the study found that the fruits of Ficus racemosa contain negligible amounts of toxic elements. Biochemical studies found that the fruit of F. racemosa possesses strong α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. All the six compounds identified were predicted to have druglikeness property with high cell membrane permeability and bioavailability. The Docking study showed strong binding affinities between compounds and enzymes. At the same time in-vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis results on healthy PBMC and splenocytes showed negligible toxicity (5-12%) after 24 h of exposure. Pharmacophore features and structure superimposition revealed compound 3 as a pivot moleculeConclusion: Ficus racemosa fruit extract inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity indicating its antihyperglycemic properties. Interestingly, negligible cytotoxic effect was seen in healthy PBMC and splenocytes.
Prevalence and Distribution of Non – Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Among MDR-TB Suspected Patients in Northern Malawi
Authors: Mabaso Grace Chirwa , Ngwira Maono , Kamudumuli Pocha Samuel , Mughogho Thomas , Nkosi Michael Mzirekelenge , Kayira Alfred , Mbakaya Mbwalwani Chingatichifwe , Chisale Master 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNon-tuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly being recognized as human pathogens, causing substantial morbidity and mortality in progressive lung disease, immunosuppressed, the elderly and the youth. Similarity of clinical symptoms with MTB, coupled with limited diagnostic capacities in tuberculosis (TB) endemic developing countries has led to misdiagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease. The study aimed at establishing the prevalence and distribution of NTM among Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) suspected patients in Northern Region of Malawi based on laboratory culture records from 2015 to 2018 conducted at Mzuzu Central Hospital.MethodsThe study used a retrospective cross-sectional design. All culture positive underwent MTB confirmatory test using the SD-Bio line TB Ag MPT64 Kit to confirm MTB or to suspect for NTM. Data was analysed for descriptive statistics in SPSS version 20 and presented using frequency tables, charts and graphs.Results Out of 170 culture positive reports reviewed, 30 (18%) were NTM. Much as there were generally more males (69.4%) who were MDR-TB suspected patients, the proportion of NTM patients was female predominant 13/52 (25%) as compared to 17/118 (14%) for males while the age range of 30-49 was the most (22%) affected. Twenty-nine (97%) of the NTM cases were previously treated for MTB.ConclusionsThe high prevalence of NTM among MDR-TB suspected patients shows that the disease is a serious public health problem. This therefore calls for urgent attention from Ministry of Health and partners, health workers and all stakeholders involved in policy making so that NTM diagnosis should have a clear algorithm to avoid wastage a of resources as well as for good patient care.
The Potential Effect of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Receptor of 2019-nCoV in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients on Age
Authors: Huo Qin , Li Zhenwei , Shao Ling , Chen Siqi , Li Jiaying , Xie Ni 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe 2019-nCoV epidemic is the public health emergency that has had the greatest impact on the world. Our study aimed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and function of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of 2019-nCoV on lung adenocarcinoma patients (LUAD), and provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy of 2019-nCoV.MethodsThis study focuses on the expression level, functions, mutation rate, and copy number variations (CNVs) of ACE2 in LUAD using an extensive bioinformatics data mining process. The interaction between ACE2 expression and clinical-pathological parameters of patients with LUAD was investigated using UALCAN. Also, the essential biological features, single nucleotide variations (SNVs), CNVs, and pathway activities of genes interacting with ACE2 in these cancers were further analyzed.ResultsWe found that ACE2 expression in LUAD patients increased with age, but it was not related to cancer status, patient’s race, patient’s gender, or patient’s smoking habits. Moreover, our results showed that compared to that in normal tissues, ACE2 was highly expressed in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), rectum adenocarcinoma (READ), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). However, there is no significant difference in the expression of ACE2 in patients of different ages.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the importance of ACE2 in LUAD, and provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms and function of ACE2.
Augmented Renal Clearance in Chinese Intensive Care Unit Patients After Traumatic Brain Injury: Identifying Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate Cut-off Value as a Risk Factor
Authors: Dang Zilong , Guo Hong , Li Bin , Zhen Maohua , Liu Jian , Wei Yuhui , Qin Hongyan , Dou Zhimin , Zhang Lei , Zhu Lei , Cao Yongqiang , Li Fengjiao , Wu Xinan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAugmented renal clearance (ARC) is common in trauma patients and associated with subtherapeutic antimicrobial concentrations. China has more patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) than most other countries in the world. However, there were no studies that focus on the ARC in Chinese TBI patients. In this study, we report the incidence of ARC in patients with TBI as well as risk factors for ARC. Besides, we evaluated the ability of four commonly used estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) formulas and other covariates to predict the presence of ARC.MethodsThe prospective observational study was conducted in a 24-bed tertiary level, university-affiliated hospital, and 54 TBI patients with normal serum creatinine enrolled. We measured 24-h creatinine clearance after admission, and ARC defined as measured creatinine clearance ≥ 130 ml/min/1.73 m2. Demographic variables were then compared, and multivariate analysis was performed. Receiver operating curve, bias, and precision analyses were conducted to examine eGFR and ARCTIC score accuracy in predicting ARC. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risk factors contributing to ARC. ResultsThe incidence of ARC was 50%. A moderate correlation was shown between measured Crcl and four eGFR (rs/r was 0.590, 0.499, 0.404, and 0.518, respectively). All of the equations significantly underestimated the measured Crcl, especially in the ARC group. Neither had excellent precision for clinical application in this setting. ARCTIC score can't accurately distinguish ARC either. Multivariable analysis displayed that four factors independently correlated to ARC: male, larger BMI, lower serum creatinine, and without a history of hypertension. Further investigation found eGFR higher than the threshold, without a history of hypertension, and/or bigger BMI were independent risk factors for ARC, and they had good accuracy in predicting the occurrence of ARC.ConclusionsARC was frequently observed in Chinese TBI patients. The estimated methods of GFR and ARCTIC score inaccurate and couldn't be directly used as a screening tool to identify ARC in Chinese TBI patients. But if we take the cut-off values of different formulas into account, the estimated GFR could be used as a decisive risk factor in helping to screen the ARC.
Nomogram for Predicting Brain Metastases in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A SEER -Based Study
Authors: Zhang Jingya , Xu Jiali , Jin Shidai , Gao Wen , Guo Renhua , Chen Liang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe incidence of brain metastasis (BM) in patients suffering from lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is lower than that in those suffering from non squamous cell carcinoma (NSCC). The purpose of this investigation is to ascertain the risk factors of LUSC as well as to establish a nomogram prognostic model to predict the incidence of BM.MethodsData about the patients diagnosed with LUSC between 2010 and 2015 were collected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The patients diagnosed during 2010-2012 were divided into the training cohort, and the remaining diagnosed during 2013-2015 into the test cohort. Using factors screened out through logistic regression analyses, we established the nomogram in the training cohort and then evaluated the discrimination and calibration in the test cohort. The prediction performance of nomogram was quantified by AUC（area under ROC(receiver operating characteristic curve)）and evaluated by calibration curve.Results26154 LUSU patients were included: 16543 in the training cohort and 8611 in the test cohort. Age, marital status, insurance status, histological grade, tumor location, laterality, stage, number of metastatic organs, chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy were highly related to the incidence of BM. The AUC of nomogram was 0.810 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.796-0.823) and 0.805 (95%CI: 0.784-0.825) in the training cohort and the test cohort, respectively. The slope of calibration curve was closed to 1. ConclusionsThe nomogram can accurately predict the incidence of BM, which is helpful for the early identification of high-risk LUSU patients and the establishment of individualized treatment.
Network pharmacology study of vaccarin for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Bao Mengying , Dai Yan , Chen Xiaojun , Liao Shijie , Feng Wenyu , Lin Chengsen , Ye Yu , Mo Zengnan , Liu Yun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: As the main active ingredient of Semen Vaccariae, vaccarin is a flavonoid glycoside useful for the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases. Our previous study found that vaccarin can reduce osteolysis-induced titanium by inhibiting osteoclast formation. However, the issue of whether vaccarin can prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis remains unclear.Method: In this study, we explored the mechanism of action of vaccarin for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis via a network pharmacological approach. We identified the intersecting targets of osteoporosis-related genes retrieved from multiple disease target databases, as well as targets of potential action of vaccarin retrieved from drug-related databases. We then used the intersectional targets to establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, we performed bioinformatics analysis to enrich Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways.Results：A total of 28 cross targets of vaccarin and osteoporosis were identified. PPI network analysis identified six target proteins, namely, IL-6, TNF, VEGFA, HSP90AA1, CREB1, and IL-2, which may be the key targets of vaccarin against osteoporosis. The 28 intersectional targets were mainly involved in 23 biological processes, such as regulation of apoptosis, positive regulation of neovascularization, and angiogenesis, whereas KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that they were primarily related to 22 different signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt pathway, cancer pathway, hepatitis B pathway, and tuberculosis pathway.Conclusion: We used a network pharmacology approach to predict the key targets of vaccarin for the prevention of osteoporosis from a systems perspective. We determined that the signaling pathways were chiefly engaged in different pathological processes affecting differentiation and apoptosis of bone rebuilding cells, endocrine metabolic disorders, inflammatory responses, and other disease interactions. This study provides a theoretical basis and therapeutic ideas for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and offers promising directions for further research on the regulatory mechanism of vaccarin.
I’m not a diagnosis: Adolescents’ perspectives on user participation and shared decision-making in mental healthcare
Authors: Bjønness Stig , Grønnestad Trond , Storm Marianne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
Adolescents have the right to be involved in decisions affecting their healthcare. More knowledge is needed to provide quality healthcare services that is both suitable for adolescents and in line with policy. Shared decision-making has the potential to combine user participation and evidence-based treatment. Research and governmental policies emphasize shared decision-making as key for high quality mental healthcare services.

Objective:
To explore adolescents’ experiences with user participation and shared decision-making in mental healthcare inpatient units.

Method:
We carried out ten in-depth interviews with adolescents (16-18 years old) in this qualitative study. The participants were admitted to four mental healthcare inpatient clinics in Norway. Transcribed interviews were subjected to qualitative content analysis.

Results:
Five themes were identified, representing the adolescents’ view of gaining trust, getting help, being understood, being diagnosed and labeled, being pushed, and making a customized treatment plan. Psychoeducational information, mutual trust, and a therapeutic relationship between patients and therapists were considered prerequisites for shared decision-making. For adolescents to be labeled with a diagnosis or forced into a treatment regimen that they did not initiate or control tended to elicit strong resistance. User involvement at admission, participation in the treatment plan, individualized treatment, and collaboration among healthcare professionals were emphasized.

Conclusions:
Routines for participation and involvement of adolescents prior to inpatient admission is recommended. Shared decision-making has the potential to increase adolescents’ engagement and reduce the incidence of involuntary treatment and re-admission to inpatient clinics. In this study, shared decision-making is linked to empowerment and less to standardized decision tools. To be labeled and dominated by healthcare professionals can be a barrier to adolescents’ participation in treatment. We suggest placing less emphasis on diagnoses and more on individualized treatment.