bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type B coxsackieviruses and central nervous system disorders: critical review of reported associations
Authors: Jmii Habib , Fisson Sylvain , Aouni Mahjoub , Jaidane Hela 
Published: November 2020

SummaryType B coxsackieviruses (CV‐B) frequently infect the central nervous system (CNS) causing neurological diseases notably meningitis and encephalitis. These infections occur principally among newborns and children. Epidemiological studies of patients with nervous system disorders demonstrate the presence of infectious virus, its components, or anti‐CV‐B antibodies. Some experimental studies conducted in vitro and in vivo support the potential association between CV‐B and idiopathic neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and psychiatric illness such as schizophrenia. However, mechanisms explaining how CV‐B infections may contribute to the genesis of CNS disorders remain unclear. The proposed mechanisms focus on the immune response following the viral infection as a contributor to pathogenesis. This review describes these epidemiological and experimental studies, the modes of transmission of CV‐B with an emphasis on congenital transmission, the routes used by CV‐B to reach the brain parenchyma, and plausible mechanisms by which CV‐B may induce CNS diseases, with a focus on potential immunopathogenesis.
AutoToolVCC: Variable consistency check tool for automotive software projects
Authors: Xie Pingfu , Wang Yunlong , He Bo , Xie Guoqi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAutomotive software systems have become increasingly complex and huge, leading to long development cycle and increased development difficulty. When a complete automotive software project has reached a scale of several gigabytes, the complicated development process is prone to produce the following two irregular problems: (1) variable inconsistency problem and (2) code coexistence problem. These irregular problems may eventually lead to serious consequences, such as car crashes. In response to the above irregular problems, we develop a variable consistency check tool called AutoToolVCC for automotive software projects. AutoToolVCC divides the variable consistency check process into two stages: (1) extracting all variable information from the automotive software project and (2) checking the consistency of the variables through the variable preprocessing technique and the variable attribute check technique. After an actual check of multiple automotive software projects (approximately 500–1000 MB in size) provided by an automotive manufacturer, the accuracy of variable consistency check is as high as 100%, and the check time only takes about 10–30 s, whereas the pervious plain method needs 100–600 s.
Ten‐year experience of protocol‐based management of small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses: perinatal outcome in late‐pregnancy cases diagnosed after 32 weeks
Authors: Meler E. , Mazarico E. , Eixarch E. , Gonzalez A. , Peguero A. , Martinez J. , Boada D. , Vellvé K. , Gomez‐Roig M. D. , Gratacós E. , Figueras F. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo report our 10‐year experience of protocol‐based management of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses, based on standardized clinical and Doppler criteria, in late‐pregnancy cases.MethodsA retrospective cohort was constructed of consecutive singleton pregnancies referred for late‐onset (> 32 weeks) SGA (defined as estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 10th centile) that were classified as fetal growth restriction (FGR) or low‐risk SGA, based on the severity of smallness (EFW < 3rd centile) and the presence of Doppler abnormalities (uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) ≥ 95th centile or cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) < 5th centile). Low‐risk SGA pregnancies were followed at 2‐week intervals and delivered electively at 40 weeks. FGR pregnancies were followed at 1‐week intervals, or more frequently if there were signs of fetal deterioration, and were delivered electively after 37 + 0 weeks' gestation. The occurrence of stillbirth and composite adverse outcome (CAO; defined as neonatal death, metabolic acidosis, need for endotracheal intubation or need for admission to the neonatal intensive care unit) was analyzed in low‐risk SGA and FGR pregnancies.ResultsA total of 1197 pregnancies with EFW < 10th centile were identified and classified at diagnosis as low‐risk SGA (n = 619; 51.7%) or FGR (n = 578; 48.3%). Of these, 160 were delivered before 37 weeks' gestation; for obstetric reasons in 93 (58.1%) cases, severe pre‐eclampsia in 33 (20.6%), FGR with severe hypoxia in 47 (29.4%) and stillbirth in four (2.5%) (indications are non‐exclusive). During follow‐up, 52/574 (9.1%) low‐risk SGA pregnancies were reclassified as FGR, whereas 22/463 (4.8%) FGR pregnancies were reclassified as low‐risk SGA. Overall, there were no stillbirths in the low‐risk SGA group and four in the FGR group, all of which occurred before 37 weeks. There were no instances of neonatal death in pregnancies delivered ≥ 37 weeks. The risk of CAO was higher in those meeting antenatal criteria for FGR at 37 weeks than in those classified as low‐risk SGA (32/493 (6.5%) vs 15/544 (2.8%); odds ratio, 2.5 (95% CI, 1.3–4.6)). In FGR pregnancies, the adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for CAO was 6.3 (1.8–21.1) in those with EFW < 3rd centile, while it was 3.2 (1.5–6.8) and 4.2 (1.9–8.9) in those with UtA‐PI ≥ 95th centile and CPR < 5th centile, respectively, as compared to FGR pregnancies without each of these criteria.ConclusionProtocol‐based risk stratification with different management and monitoring schemes for late pregnancy with a suspected SGA baby, based on clinical and Doppler criteria, enables identification and tailored assessment of high‐risk FGR, while allowing expectant management with safe perinatal outcome for low‐risk SGA fetuses. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Global Evolution of the U(1) Higgs Boson: Nonlinear Stability and Uniform Energy Bounds
Authors: Dong Shijie , LeFloch Philippe G. , Wyatt Zoe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRelying on the hyperboloidal foliation method, we establish the nonlinear stability of the ground state of the U(1) standard model of electroweak interactions. This amounts to establishing a global-in-time theory for the initial value problem for a nonlinear wave–Klein–Gordon system that couples (Dirac, scalar, gauge) massive equations together. In particular, we investigate here the Dirac equation and study a new energy functional defined with respect to the hyperboloidal foliation of Minkowski spacetime. We provide a decay result for the Dirac equation which is uniform in the mass coefficient and thus allows for the Dirac mass coefficient to be arbitrarily small. Furthermore, we establish energy bounds for the Higgs fields and gauge bosons that are uniform with respect to the hyperboloidal time variable.
Chronic treatment with the (iso-)glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor PQ529 is a novel and effective approach for glomerulonephritis in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kanemitsu Naotoshi , Kiyonaga Fumiko , Mizukami Kazuhiko , Maeno Kyoichi , Nishikubo Takashi , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Ito Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlomeruli and renal tubule injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is reported to involve induction of macrophage activation through the CCL2/CCR2 axis. The effects of inhibitors of the CCL2/CCR2 axis, such as anti-CCL2 antibody and CCR2 antagonist, on kidney function in animal models or humans with kidney dysfunction have been demonstrated. The N-terminal glutamine on immature CCL2 is replaced with pyroglutamate (pE) by glutaminyl cyclase (QC) and isoQC. pE-CCL2 is stable and resistant to peptidases. We hypothesized that inhibiting QC/isoQC activity would lead to the degradation of CCL2, thereby ameliorating CKD and reducing kidney inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the renoprotective properties of the QC/isoQC inhibitor PQ529 in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody–induced glomerulonephritis Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Three-week repeated administration of PQ529 (30 and 100 mg/kg, twice daily) significantly reduced the serum and urine CCL2 and urinary protein excretion in a dose-dependent manner. Correlations between the urinary protein level and serum or urinary CCL2 levels were confirmed in tested animals. Repeated administration of PQ529 significantly reduced the expression of CD68, a macrophage marker, in the kidney cortex and mononuclear infiltration into the tubulointerstitium. In addition, decreased levels of urinary KIM-1, β2 microglobulin, and clusterin were detected, suggesting the inhibition of inflammation in both the proximal and distal tubules. These results suggest that PQ529 suppresses the progression of inflammation-induced renal dysfunction by inhibiting the CCL2/CCR2 axis. Inhibition of QC/isoQC may thus be a viable alternative therapeutic approach for treating glomerulonephritis and CKD patients.
COVID-19 in cancer patients: clinical characteristics and outcome—an analysis of the LEOSS registry
Authors:   on behalf of the LEOSS Study Group, Rüthrich Maria Madeleine , Giessen-Jung C. , Borgmann S. , Classen A. Y. , Dolff S. , Grüner B. , Hanses F. , Isberner N. , Köhler P. , Lanznaster J. , Merle U. , Nadalin S. , Piepel C. , Schneider J. , Schons M. , Strauss R. , Tometten L. , Vehreschild J. J. , von Lilienfeld-Toal M. , Beutel G. , Wille K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionSince the early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, cancer patients have been assumed to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19. Here, we present an analysis of cancer patients from the LEOSS (Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients) registry to determine whether cancer patients are at higher risk.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 435 cancer patients and 2636 non-cancer patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, enrolled between March 16 and August 31, 2020. Data on socio-demographics, comorbidities, cancer-related features and infection course were collected. Age-, sex- and comorbidity-adjusted analysis was performed. Primary endpoint was COVID-19-related mortality.ResultsIn total, 435 cancer patients were included in our analysis. Commonest age category was 76–85 years (36.5%), and 40.5% were female. Solid tumors were seen in 59% and lymphoma and leukemia in 17.5% and 11% of patients. Of these, 54% had an active malignancy, and 22% had recently received anti-cancer treatments. At detection of SARS-CoV-2, the majority (62.5%) presented with mild symptoms. Progression to severe COVID-19 was seen in 55% and ICU admission in 27.5%. COVID-19-related mortality rate was 22.5%. Male sex, advanced age, and active malignancy were associated with higher death rates. Comparing cancer and non-cancer patients, age distribution and comorbidity differed significantly, as did mortality (14% vs 22.5%,pvalue < 0.001). After adjustments for other risk factors, mortality was comparable.ConclusionComparing cancer and non-cancer patients, outcome of COVID-19 was comparable after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidity. However, our results emphasize that cancer patients as a group are at higher risk due to advanced age and pre-existing conditions.
Enhanced adsorption capacity of porous titanium dioxide nanoparticles synthetized in alkaline sol
Authors: Scrimieri Luigi , Velardi Luciano , Serra Antonio , Manno Daniela , Ferrari Francesca , Cantarella Maria , Calcagnile Lucio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the exploitation of natural resources and industrial development have led to the production of harmful pollutants. Much of these contaminants end up in water resources, reducing the availability of drinking water. Therefore, it is necessary to find remedies to this situation. Solutions could be the adsorption or the degradation through photocatalysis of these compounds. A good candidate for this task is titanium dioxide (TiO2), due to its non-toxicity, stability and low cost. In this work, we propose a novel synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), with high adsorption capacity, produced at low temperature in alkaline environment. Adsorption tests were conducted using methylene blue and diclofenac as model pollutants. Moreover, the obtained NPs have been characterized through Raman spectroscopy, Scanning and Transmission electron microscopies and with thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed a porous structure with a high surface area, able to efficiently adsorb large amounts of dye from the aqueous solution. These properties make the obtained TiO2 powders suitable for applications devoted to the adsorption and recovery of harmful compounds.

Graphic abstract
Metapopulation dynamics over 25 years of a beetle, Osmoderma eremita, inhabiting hollow oaks
Authors: Lindman Ly , Larsson Mattias C. , Mellbrand Kajsa , Svensson Glenn P. , Hedin Jonas , Tranberg Olov , Ranius Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOsmoderma eremitais a species of beetle that inhabits hollows in ancient trees, which is a habitat that has decreased significantly during the last century. In southeastern Sweden, we studied the metapopulation dynamics of this beetle over a 25 year period, using capture-mark-recapture. The metapopulation size had been rather stable over time, but in most of the individual trees there had been a positive or negative trend in population development. The probability of colonisation was higher in well-connected trees with characteristics reflecting earlier successional stages, and the probability of extinction higher in trees with larger diameter (i.e. in later successional stages), which is expected from a habitat-tracking metapopulation. The annual tree mortality and fall rates (1.1% and 0.4%, respectively) are lower than the colonisation and extinction rates (5–7%), indicating that some of the metapopulation dynamics are due to the habitat dynamics, but many colonisations and extinctions take place for other reasons, such as stochastic events in small populations. The studied metapopulation occurs in an area with a high density of hollow oaks and where the oak pastures are still managed by grazing. In stands with fewer than ten suitable trees, the long-term extinction risk may be considerable, since only a small proportion of all hollow trees harbours large populations, and the population size in trees may change considerably during a decade.
Skin disorder management in oral anticancer drugs by collaboration of hospital pharmacists and community pharmacists
Authors: Urakawa Ryuta , Hashimoto Sanae , Hirohata Hideki , Sakai Katsunori , Matsuura Kayo , Ito Yumiko , Tarutani Masahito , Kubota Kazumi , Ueda Mikiko , Uejima Etsuko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
In Japan, the multidisciplinary team approach in cancer chemotherapy has become quite widespread. However, patients treated with oral anticancer drugs in outpatient clinics usually receive short medical examinations from doctors without any intervention of pharmacists. To improve this medical circumstance, we made a skin disorder manual for community pharmacists and evaluated its feasibility.

Methods
Patients who underwent oral skin toxic chemotherapy from May 1, 2017, to October 31, 2017, were enrolled. The severity of skin toxicities was evaluated based on NCI-CTCAE ver4.0. Skin care and skin disorders were assessed by community pharmacists based on the assessment document arranged by the investigator. Numbers of patients who replied to the assessment, numbers of replies, numbers of assessments and instructions for skin care, and numbers of prescription proposals were evaluated to assess the value of intervention of community pharmacists.

Results
Sixty-two patients were enrolled in this study. Community pharmacy responded to 55 patients (88.7%), for a total of 335 replies. The data described in the replies were as follows: 317 assessments of skin disorders (94.6%), 307 assessments of skin care (91.6%), 248 instructions for skin care (74%), and 19 prescription proposals (5.7%).

Conclusions
Community pharmacists have high motivation for prevention and early detection of skin disorders. Although the number of prescription proposals is small, some proposals have contributed to improving side effects. Collaboration of hospital pharmacists and community pharmacists is important for prevention, early detection, and treatment of skin disorders caused by oral anticancer drugs.
Social justice-oriented narratives in European urban food strategies: Bringing forward redistribution, recognition and representation
Authors: Smaal Sara A. L. , Dessein Joost , Wind Barend J. , Rogge Elke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMore and more cities develop urban food strategies (UFSs) to guide their efforts and practices towards more sustainable food systems. An emerging theme shaping these food policy endeavours, especially prominent in North and South America, concerns the enhancement of social justice within food systems. To operationalise this theme in a European urban food governance context we adopt Nancy Fraser’s three-dimensional theory of justice: economic redistribution, cultural recognition and political representation. In this paper, we discuss the findings of an exploratory document analysis of the social justice-oriented ambitions, motivations, current practices and policy trajectories articulated in sixteen European UFSs. We reflect on the food-related resource allocations, value patterns and decision rules these cities propose to alter and the target groups they propose to support, empower or include. Overall, we find that UFSs make little explicit reference to social justice and justice-oriented food concepts, such as food security, food justice, food democracy and food sovereignty. Nevertheless, the identified resources, services and target groups indicate that the three dimensions of Fraser are at the heart of many of the measures described. We argue that implicit, fragmentary and unspecified adoption of social justice in European UFSs is problematic, as it may hold back public consciousness, debate and collective action regarding food system inequalities and may be easily disregarded in policy budgeting, implementation and evaluation trajectories. As a path forward, we present our plans for the RE-ADJUSTool that would enable UFS stakeholders to reflect on how their UFS can incorporate social justice and who to involve in this pursuit.
Stable mixed finite elements for linear elasticity with thin inclusions
Authors: Boon W. M. , Nordbotten J. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider mechanics of composite materials in which thin inclusions are modeled by lower-dimensional manifolds. By successively applying the dimensional reduction to junctions and intersections within the material, a geometry of hierarchically connected manifolds is formed which we refer to as mixed-dimensional. The governing equations with respect to linear elasticity are then defined on this mixed-dimensional geometry. The resulting system of partial differential equations is also referred to as mixed-dimensional, since functions defined on domains of multiple dimensionalities are considered in a fully coupled manner. With the use of a semi-discrete differential operator, we obtain the variational formulation of this system in terms of both displacements and stresses. The system is then analyzed and shown to be well-posed with respect to appropriately weighted norms. Numerical discretization schemes are proposed using well-known mixed finite elements in all dimensions. The schemes conserve linear momentum locally while relaxing the symmetry condition on the stress tensor. Stability and convergence are shown using a priori error estimates and confirmed numerically.
Autophagy modulating agents as chemosensitizers for cisplatin therapy in cancer
Authors: Gąsiorkiewicz Bartosz Mateusz , Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk Paulina , Piska Kamil , Pękala Elżbieta 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAlthough cisplatin is one of the most common antineoplastic drug, its successful utilisation in cancer treatment is limited by the drug resistance. Multiple attempts have been made to find potential cisplatin chemosensitisers which would overcome cancer cells resistance thus improving antineoplastic efficacy. Autophagy modulation has become an important area of interest regarding the aforementioned topic. Autophagy is a highly conservative cellular self-digestive process implicated in response to multiple environmental stressors. The high basal level of autophagy is a common phenomenon in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells which is thought to grant survival benefit. However current evidence supports the role of autophagy in either promoting or limiting carcinogenesis depending on the context. This encourages the search of substances modulating the process to alleviate cisplatin resistance. Such a strategy encompasses not only simple autophagy inhibition but also harnessing the process to induce autophagy-dependent cell death. In this paper, we briefly describe the mechanism of cisplatin resistance with a special emphasis on autophagy and we give an extensive literature review of potential substances with cisplatin chemosensitising properties related to autophagy modulation.
Forged in Conflict: Francis Buckley, the First World War, and British Prehistory
Authors: Griffiths Seren , Saunders Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrancis Buckley was extraordinary; an officer responsible for arming grenades, excavating trenches, surveying, sketch-mapping, and military intelligence, his actions were a roll-call of the First World War’s bloodiest battles. The psychological toll was significant. War remade the man and created the archaeologist. Under fire, Buckley recorded prehistoric lithics on the Somme, a rich archaeological landscape, and a deadly battlefield. After the war, “tramping” the Yorkshire moors, Buckley applied military skills to excavate and record a key, but still understudied lithic collection. This paper explores Francis Buckley’s war, its implications for the history of archaeological thought, and reasserts his under-acknowledged legacy.
New way of anionic ring-opening copolymerization of β-butyrolactone and ε-caprolactone: determination of the reaction course
Authors: Grobelny Zbigniew , Jurek-Suliga Justyna , Golba Sylwia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(β-butyrolactone) copolymers were prepared in two-step synthesis. Firstly, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) was obtained by anionic ring-opening polymerization of CL initiated with anhydrous KOH activated 12-crown-4 cation complexing agent. Reaction was carried out in tetrahydrofuran solution and argon atmosphere at room temperature. Then, β-butyrolactone (BL) and 18-crown-6 were added to the system, resulting in PCL-block-PBL copolymer, which contains after methylation hydroxyl starting group and methyl ester end group. The main product was contaminated with PCL and PBL homopolymers formed in a side reactions. 13C NMR technique was used for determination of chemical structure of polymers obtained. The course of the studied processes was proposed. MALDI-TOF technique was used to reveal the macromolecules’ architecture where several series were found. The identified series shown that mainly copolymeric macromolecules were formed with scare contribution of homopolymeric polybutyrolactone with trans-crotonate starting groups and polycaprolactone, which is congruent with the proposed reaction mechanism. Moreover, critical approach concerning previously reported PCL-block-PBL copolymer synthesis by use of NaH as initiator was also presented.