bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multitargeted Approach: Organorhodium Anticancer Agent Based on Vorinostat as a Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor
Authors: Hanif Muhammad , Arshad Jahanzaib , Astin Jonathan W. , Rana Zohaib , Zafar Ayesha , Movassaghi Sanam , Leung Euphemia , Patel Kamal , Söhnel Tilo , Reynisson Jóhannes , Sarojini Vijayalekshmi , Rosengren Rhonda J. , Jamieson Stephen M. F. , Hartinger Christian G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe combination of more than one bioactive moiety in a multitargeted anticancer agent may result in synergistic activity of its components. Using this concept, bioorganometallic compounds were designed to feature a metal center, a 2‐pyridinecarbothioamide (PCA), and a hydroxamic acid, which is found in the anticancer drug vorinostat (SAHA). The organometallics showed inhibitory activity in the nanomolar range against histone deacetylases (HDACs) as the key target for SAHA. In particular, the Rh complex was a potent inhibitor of HDAC6 over HDAC1 and HDAC8. Whereas this complex was highly cytotoxic in human cancer cells, it showed low toxicity in hemolysis studies and zebrafish, demonstrating the role of the metal center. For this complex a slightly reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was established, which was upregulated by SAHA. This finding indicates that the new organometallics display different modes of action than their bioactive components.
Innovative Synthetic Procedures for Luminogens Showing Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Yan Dingyuan , Wu Qian , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs a consequence of their intrinsic advantageous properties, luminogens that show aggregation‐induced emission (AIEgens) have received increasing global interest for a wide range of applications. Whereas general synthetic methods towards AIEgens largely rely on tedious procedures and limited reaction types, various innovative synthetic methods have now emerged as complementary, and even alternative, strategies. In this Review, we systematically highlight advancements made in metal‐catalyzed functionalization and metal‐free‐promoted pathways for the construction of AIEgens over the past five years, and briefly illustrate new perspectives in this area. The development of innovative synthetic procedures will enable the facile synthesis of AIEgens with great structural diversity for multifunctional applications.
A kinetic energy budget on the severe wind production that causes a serious state grid failure in Southern Xinjiang China
Authors: Fu Shen‐Ming , Jin Shuang‐Long , Shen Wei , Li Dan‐Yu , Liu Bin , Sun Jian‐Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBased on the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 reanalysis data, in this study, formation mechanisms of a severe windstorm that caused successive trippings of the transmission lines in Southern Xinjiang were investigated. The strong windstorm occurred within a lower‐tropospheric warm region due to adiabatic heating of the descending motions ahead of a shortwave trough in the westerly wind (the blocking effects of high mountain was a key reason for the strong descending motions). The kinetic energy (KE) budget indicates two typically different stages appeared in the variation of the windstorm. The former stage showed a rapid wind KE enhancement in the lower troposphere. The KE increase was mainly governed by the downward stretching of high KE (i.e., downward momentum transportation) from the middle troposphere (rather than from the upper‐level jet) and the KE production due to the work on rotational wind by the pressure gradient force. The latter stage showed a rapid KE decrease mainly due to the transport of KE by the rotational wind and the pressure gradient force's negative work on the rotational wind. In contrast, the vertical advection of KE still acted as transporting high KE from middle troposphere to lower troposphere, which resisted the KE reduce at the lower levels.
The dominant invading paths of extreme cold surges and the invasion probabilities in China
Authors: Ding Ting , Gao Hui , Yuan Yuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBased on daily temperature observation dataset with high quality and spatial resolution, this paper revealed the dominant invading paths of the extreme cold surges (ECSs) within China by using the fifth percentile of temperature drops instead of the traditional unified threshold in the operation. The maximal probabilities of the ECSs from the upstream regions to the down‐stream regions along the invading paths are also provided. Results indicate the distribution of the fifth percentile is quite different in various regions, with the highest value centers of more than 8°C in northern China, and a secondary center of 6–7°C in southern China. While in the areas between the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin, the two longest rivers in China, the values are below 5°C. This result explains the unreasonable frequency gap between the two rivers in previous unified threshold. Based on the distribution, the whole country is roughly divided into 18 regions at an approximate box of 5°N × 10°E to acquire clear and objective invading paths by the lead–lag correlation analysis and an objective identification of the paths. Results show the ECS invading path in northern China has a dominant west or northwest track. But in southern China, the invading paths are more complex, generally from north to south. In China, about 30–40% ECS cases in the upstream regions can lead to the ECSs in the down‐stream regions along the dominant paths. By the identification and the lead–lag correlation, northwestern China could be regarded as the source of ECSs invading other regions.
Mesenchymal stem cells repair bone marrow damage of aging rats and regulate autophagy and aging genes
Authors: Wang Zhihong , Shi Yibin , Chen Weimin , Wei Hong , Shang Jin 
Published: May 2020

The current study investigated the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in repairing senile bone marrow injury and the underlying mechanism. Adenoviral vectors expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used to label MSCs. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and xanthine oxidation (XTO) methods. The proportions of CD34, CD3+ cells, cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry, Cell counting kit (CCK)‐8 and comet assay. Tissues were stained by haematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and their changes were observed under a transmission electron microscopy. Expression levels of age‐related and autophagy‐related genes were detected by RT‐qPCR and Western Blot. MSCs were successfully implanted into the bone marrow of aging rats. We found that the SOD activity was increased and MDA content was reduced in MSCs group. The proportions of CD34 cells were significantly more in the MSCs group than those in the Model group, and bone marrow cell colony formation and cell viability were both greatly increased in MSCs group. The proportions of CD3+ cells and level of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were increased significantly, while IL‐6 level was reduced greatly in MSCs group. Moreover, the bone marrow tissues of the model group were severely damaged, but those of the MSCs group were significantly improved. In addition, MSCs were involved in regulation of aging‐related genes and autophagy‐related genes. In conclusion, our findings showed that MSCs can repair bone marrow damage in aging rats, and regulate aging‐ and autophagy‐related genes and immune response.SignificanceThis study investigated the role of MSCs in the repair of senile bone marrow injury and the underlying mechanism. The effects of MSCs on physiological and biochemical indicators, cell function, tissue structure differences and pathological changes in aging rats were studied. It was found that MSCs can repair bone marrow damage in aging rats. MSCs regulate aging and autophagy‐related genes and its involvement in immune response. Our findings improve the understandings on the regulatory mechanism of MSCs and provide key evidence for the study of MSCs in bone marrow repair.
Severe kyphoscoliosis in a 17‐year‐old patient with T11‐T12 hemivertebra: X‐ray imaging of the abnormal anatomy of the thoracolumbar spine
Authors: Kapetanakis Stylianos , Gkasdaris Grigorios , Georgoudis Michalis , Dimitrakas Konstantinos , Gkantsinikoudis Nikolaos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractYoung patient exhibiting lumbar pain accompanied by severe kyphoscoliosis‐hemivertebra of the thoracolumbar spine; a rare etiology with difficult surgical treatment.
Transparent dentin region in the tooth root
Authors: Inoue Toshiko , Saito Makoto , Nishimura Fumio , Miyazaki Takashi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTransparent dentin in the tooth root forms during the aging process. The transparent dentin is weaker than normal opaque dentin, which may explain the occurrence of root dentin fractures in aged individuals. Tooth fractures are caused by the brittleness of the transparent dentin. Clinical procedures in aged persons require modification to accommodate the reduced strength of the dentin tissue.
Case of gastric anisakiasis with no symptoms
Authors: Yamada Takayuki , Ohwada Susumu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a unique image from a case of anisakiasis that was detected incidentally in an elderly man during surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Given the popularity of sushi and sashimi throughout the world, we believe that our observations will raise awareness about the risk of Anisakis contamination in seafood.
A case of endonasal balloon‐assisted dacryoplasty after failure of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Indelicato Pietro , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Giordano Resti Antonio , Trimarchi Matteo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEndonasal balloon‐assisted dacryoplasty is a minimally invasive technique that uses a high‐pressure balloon catheter introduced into the lacrimal pathway through the nasal fossa into the neorhinostomy to treat recurrent epiphora after primary dacryocystorhinostomy. This procedure can be considered to be a reliable technique in patients unfit for general anesthesia.
Effect of late‐fall wetting agent application on winter survival of ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens
Authors: DeBoer Eric J. , Karcher Douglas E. , McCalla John H. , Richardson Michael D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlant tissue desiccation and low‐temperature exposure are two common causes of winter injury to ultradwarf bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davy] putting greens. Unlike low‐temperature exposure, winter damage caused by tissue desiccation can occur regardless of temperature and may be worsened by soil hydrophobicity. Wetting agents are commonly applied to actively growing ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens to remedy the negative effects of soil hydrophobicity. Less is known about the effect of wetting agent applications to dormant ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens. This research aimed to quantify the effects of a late‐fall wetting agent application on winter injury and the soil volumetric water content of a sand‐based ultradwarf bermudagrass putting green. Single applications of three wetting agents at two rates were made in early December of 2015, 2016, and 2017 to a ‘TifEagle’ ultradwarf bermudagrass putting green and were compared with an untreated control. Spring green‐up and soil volumetric water content were monitored from March to May of each season. Water drop penetration time tests were conducted twice each season to quantify reductions in hydrophobicity compared with the untreated control. On multiple dates, wetting agent treatments had significantly more green turfgrass coverage than the untreated control. In general, wetting agents reduced water drop penetration times in the top 2 cm of the soil profile. This research suggests that late‐fall or winter applications of a wetting agent can reduce injury and enhance spring recovery of sand‐based ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens.
Atomic‐Scale Description of Interfaces between Antigen and Aluminum‐Based Adjuvants Used in Vaccines by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Viger‐Gravel Jasmine , Paruzzo Federico M. , Cazaux Corine , Jabbour Ribal , Leleu Amandine , Canini Françoise , Florian Pierre , Ronzon Frédéric , Gajan David , Lesage Anne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe addition of aluminum‐based adjuvants in vaccines enhances the immune response to antigens. The strength of antigen adsorption on adjuvant gels is known to modulate vaccine efficacy. However, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between aluminum gels and antigens is still missing. Herein, a new analytical approach based on dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced NMR spectroscopy under magic angle spinning (MAS) is implemented to provide a molecular description of the antigen–adjuvant interface. This approach is demonstrated on hepatitis B surface antigen particles in combination with three aluminum gels obtained from different suppliers. Both noncovalent and covalent interactions between the phospholipids of the antigen particles and the surface of the aluminum gels are identified by using MAS DNP NMR 27Al and 31P correlation experiments. Although covalent interactions were detected for only one of the formulations, dipolar recoupling rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance (REAPDOR) experiments reveal significant differences in the strength of weak interactions.
Physicochemical Properties of Zwitterionic Drugs in Therapy
Authors: Mazák Károly , Noszál Béla 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn solution, amphoteric compounds exist in anionic, uncharged, zwitterionic and cationic forms. The importance of zwitterionic drugs is currently under‐represented in the literature. Herein, the acid‐base parameters, lipophilicity and solubility of such compounds are discussed to deepen the molecular‐level understanding of their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour. Our recent studies show there are many drug molecules, including thyroid hormones and 5‐hydroxytryptophan, the precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin, for which the contribution of the zwitterionic microspecies to the overall lipophilicity exceeds that of the uncharged one, which is of higher individual lipophilicity, but occurs in much lower concentration. The second part of the minireview highlights the most important zwitterionic compounds in therapy, grouped into therapeutic classes. The importance of the charge of the molecules is emphasized in their binding to the target molecules.
A Glimpse into Green Chemistry Practices in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Sharma Sudripet , Das Jagattaran , Braje Wilfried M. , Dash Ashutosh K. , Handa Sachin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the research group of Sachin Handa at the University of Louisville and Wilfried Braje at AbbVie. The image shows how green chemistry in industry and micellar catalysis are contributing toward the environmental sustainability. The Minireview itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202000317.
Fine‐scale structure among mesophotic populations of the great star coral Montastraea cavernosa revealed by SNP genotyping
Authors: Drury Crawford , Pérez Portela Rocío , Serrano Xaymara M. , Oleksiak Marjorie , Baker Andrew C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMesophotic reefs (30‐150 m) have been proposed as potential refugia that facilitate the recovery of degraded shallow reefs following acute disturbances such as coral bleaching and disease. However, because of the technical difficulty of collecting samples, the connectivity of adjacent mesophotic reefs is relatively unknown compared with shallower counterparts. We used genotyping by sequencing to assess fine‐scale genetic structure of Montastraea cavernosa at two sites at Pulley Ridge, a mesophotic coral reef ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico, and downstream sites along the Florida Reef Tract. We found differentiation between reefs at Pulley Ridge (~68 m) and corals at downstream upper mesophotic depths in the Dry Tortugas (28–36 m) and shallow reefs in the northern Florida Keys (Key Biscayne, ~5 m). The spatial endpoints of our study were distinct, with the Dry Tortugas as a genetic intermediate. Most striking were differences in population structure among northern and southern sites at Pulley Ridge that were separated by just 12km. Unique patterns of clonality and outlier loci allele frequency support these sites as different populations and suggest that the long‐distance horizontal connectivity typical of shallow‐water corals may not be typical for mesophotic systems in Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. We hypothesize that this may be due to the spawning of buoyant gametes, which commits propagules to the surface, resulting in greater dispersal and lower connectivity than typically found between nearby shallow sites. Differences in population structure over small spatial scales suggest that demographic constraints and/or environmental disturbances may be more variable in space and time on mesophotic reefs compared with their shallow‐water counterparts.
Runaway brain‐culture coevolution as a reason for larger brains: Exploring the “cultural drive” hypothesis by computer modeling
Authors: Markov Alexander V. , Markov Mikhail A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractScale and tempo of brain expansion in the course of human evolution implies that this process was driven by a positive feedback. The “cultural drive” hypothesis suggests a possible mechanism for the runaway brain‐culture coevolution wherein high‐fidelity social learning results in accumulation of cultural traditions which, in turn, promote selection for still more efficient social learning. Here we explore this evolutionary mechanism by means of computer modeling. Simulations confirm its plausibility in a social species in a socio‐ecological situation that makes the sporadic invention of new beneficial and cognitively demanding behaviors possible. The chances for the runaway brain‐culture coevolution increase when some of the culturally transmitted behaviors are individually beneficial while the others are group‐beneficial. In this case, “cultural drive” is possible under varying levels of between‐group competition and migration. Modeling implies that brain expansion can receive additional boost if the evolving mechanisms of social learning are costly in terms of brain expansion (e.g., rely on complex neuronal circuits) and tolerant to the complexity of information transferred, that is, make it possible to transfer complex skills and concepts easily. Human language presumably fits this description. Modeling also confirms that the runaway brain‐culture coevolution can be accelerated by additional positive feedback loops via population growth and life span extension, and that between‐group competition and cultural group selection can facilitate the propagation of group‐beneficial behaviors and remove maladaptive cultural traditions from the population's culture, which individual selection is unable to do.
The association of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors with cancer: An overview of quantitative systematic reviews
Authors: Pelletier Ryan , Ng Kelvin , Alkabbani Wajd , Labib Youssef , Mourad Nicolas , Gamble John‐Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo summarize reported cancer events associated with SGLT‐2 inhibitors used in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as assess the quality of included reviews.Materials and methodsIn May 2019, we searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for quantitative systematic reviews assessing the safety of SGLT‐2 inhibitors. Data were abstracted using a standardized form, and methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR 2 tool. Main outcome measures included total cancer events and specific cancers such as breast cancer, bladder cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, prostate cancer, respiratory cancer, renal cancer and skin cancer. Pooled treatment effects from included reviews were summarized for SGLT‐2 inhibitors as a class and for individual SGLT‐2 inhibitors commonly used worldwide (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin).ResultsWe screened 1248 unique citations, of which eight quantitative systematic reviews meta‐analysed results from studies reporting the association between an SGLT‐2 inhibitor and any cancer. Only one review was rated as high quality according to AMSTAR 2 assessment. In total, data from 170 cancer‐related point estimates (PE) were reported. As a class, SGLT‐2 inhibitors were not associated with an increased risk of any cancer event versus placebo and active comparators. Most point estimates (7/143) were nonsignificant for individual cancers except for two associations. Empagliflozin was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer versus placebo and active comparators in two reviews, while canagliflozin appeared protective for gastrointestinal cancer versus placebo and active comparators in one review.ConclusionsIt appears that SGLT‐2 inhibitors are not associated with an increased risk of total cancer or specific cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, higher quality evidence is needed to derive confident conclusions.
Rumex abyssinicus (mekmeko): A newer alternative for leather manufacture
Authors: Mohammed Shegaw Ahmed , Naisini Ariram , Madhan Balaraman , Demessie Berhanu Assefa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development of a cleaner and sustainable tanning system is gaining more importance, which is driving the search to an alternative for conventional chrome tanning. In the present study, tanning systems based on Rumex abyssinicus (mekmeko) extract for the production of upper leathers were investigated as a cleaner alternative tanning system. The characteristics of mekmeko extract as a tanning agent for leather processing were also studied in comparison with commercial wattle extract, as a control. The average size of particles in mekmeko extract is observed to be slightly higher than wattle extract. The critical aggregation concentration of mekmeko is observed to be at 0.39%, which is slightly at a higher concentration than wattle extract. An increase in hydrothermal stability of leathers with the increasing offer of mekmeko for tanning was observed. The organoleptic and strength properties of the upper leathers from the mekmeko tanning system are found to be comparable to that of wattle tanning systems. Therefore, the results in this study indicate that the manufacture of upper leathers using the tanning mentioned above system found to be satisfactory and also leads to a greener tanning pathway.