bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Potential Tool to Reduce Sexual Arousal: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Schecklmann Martin , Sakreida Katrin , Oblinger Britta , Langguth Berthold , Poeppl Timm B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Hypersexuality and hyposexuality occur frequently, often in a variety of psychiatric disorders, and are difficult to treat. While there is meta-analytic evidence for the significant effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on drug and food craving, no study has investigated the potential of this technique to modulate sexual behavior.

Aim
Here, we tested the hypothesis that a single session of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) would reduce sexual arousal.

Methods
We employed a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover study design. 19 healthy male participants received high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC, high-frequency rTMS over the right DLPFC, and sham rTMS (each 10 Hz; 110% resting motor threshold; 60 trains with 50 pulses) in randomized and counterbalanced order with a 1-week interval between stimulation sessions to avoid carryover effects. Participants were exposed to neutral and sexual cues before and after each intervention and rated their sexual arousal after each block of cue presentation.

Main Outcome Measure
Efficacy of the respective intervention was operationalized by the change of subjective sexual arousal according to a rating scale.

Results
rTMS of the right DLPFC significantly reduced subjective sexual arousal (t18 = 2.282, P = .035). In contrast, neither sham rTMS nor rTMS of the left DLPFC affected sexual arousal (P &gt; .389). Greater rTMS-induced reduction of subjective sexual arousal was observed in participants with higher trait-based dyadic sexual desire within the last 12 months (r = −0.417, P = .038).

Clinical Implication
Non-invasive brain stimulation might hold potential for influencing hypersexual behavior.

Strength & Limitation
This was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover study with subjective but no physiological measures of sexual arousal.

Conclusion
The results indicate that 1 session of high-frequency rTMS (10 Hz) of the right DLPFC could significantly reduce subjective sexual arousal induced by visual stimuli in healthy subjects. On this basis, future studies with larger sample sizes and more stimulation sessions are needed to explore the therapeutic potential of rTMS in hypersexual behavior.
Mental practice as a novel learning strategy for donning and doffing personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Riggs Jamie , McGowan Melissa , Petrosoniak Andrew , Hicks Christopher 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents challenges to the effective use of personal protective equipment, including equipment shortages, staff unfamiliarity, and physical distancing. Mental practice has been used as an alternative learning strategy in medicine for the development of technical skills. We developed educational materials with the aim of using mental practice to overcome these challenges and increase provider skill and confidence with the use of personal protective equipment. A mental practice script integrating cognitive, kinesthetic, and visual cues with a list of procedural steps was created and iteratively refined. To allow the use of this tool by providers unfamiliar with the principles of mental practice, accompanying explanatory materials were created and disseminated widely through the Free Open Access Medical education (FOAMed) community. By creating easily accessible resources to facilitate effective mental practice, providers may be able to increase their skill and comfort with the procedure while conserving personal protective equipment and respecting physical distancing guidelines.
Emergence of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: Anthropological and Social Science Perspectives
Authors: Sonekar Harshal B , Ponnaiah Manickam 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTWith the ongoing coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2), the entire community of health professionals is working to control disease and investing crores in vaccine development. The present discussion is to bring the focus on various social issues that emerge during outbreak and calls for equal attention as that of other health-care interventions. These issues are summarized in three categories: first, stigmatization due to lack of knowledge about the source of infection; second, speculations and their consequences around lack of knowledge about transmission; and finally, the concern regarding miscommunication during such a crisis. Most of these concerns emerge from press and social media coverage of the episode. The Ebola outbreak response is an example of how social scientists and anthropologists can work with other experts to solve questions of public health importance. Their approach toward the community with the objective to understand the sources, reasons, and circumstances of the infection will help to manage the current outbreak. In this context, we suggest collaboration of diverse scientific community to control and sensitize the people to tackle the misinformation in the affected and non-affected community during the outbreaks.
Use of Incident Command System for Disaster Preparedness: A Model for an Emergency Department COVID-19 Response
Authors: Farcas Andra , Ko Justine , Chan Jennifer , Malik Sanjeev , Nono Lisa , Chiampas George 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented demands on health systems, where hospitals have become overwhelmed with patients amidst limited resources. Disaster response and resource allocation during such crises present multiple challenges. A breakdown in communication and organization can lead to unnecessary disruptions and adverse events. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) promotes the use of an incident command system (ICS) model during large-scale disasters, and we hope that an institutional disaster plan and ICS will help to mitigate these lapses. In this article, we describe the alignment of an emergency department (ED) specific Forward Command structure with the hospital ICS and address the challenges specific to the ED. Key components of this ICS include a hospital-wide incident command or Joint Operations Center (JOC) and an ED Forward Command. This type of structure leads to a shared mental model with division of responsibilities that allows institutional adaptations to changing environments and maintenance of specific roles for optimal coordination and communication. We present this as a model that can be applied to other hospital EDs around the country to help structure the response to the COVID-19 pandemic while remaining generalizable to other disaster situations.
Biological drivers of individual-based anuran–parasite networks under contrasting environmental conditions
Authors: Campião K.M. , Dáttilo W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms driving host–parasite interactions has important ecological and epidemiological implications. Traditionally, most studies dealing with host–parasite interaction networks have focused on species relationship patterns, and intra-population variation in such networks has been widely overlooked. In this study, we tested whether the composition of parasite communities of five anuran species (Leptodactylus chaquensis,Leptodactylus fuscus,Leptodactylus podicipinus,Pseudis paradoxaandPithecopus azureus)vary across a pasture pond and a natural reserve site in south-eastern Pantanal, Brazil. We analysed the structure of individual-based networks of these five anuran species, assessed the species roles in the networks and the contribution of host species and body size to interaction strength in the networks, and tested if network ecological attributes varied between the two sites. We observed a total of 17 parasite morphospecies in 151 individual anurans and found that the abundance of parasite species tends to vary, with host species being the main filter driving parasite community structure. The composition of core parasite species remained similar between study sites, and network structure (i.e. parasite richness, interaction diversity, specialization, nestedness and modularity) did not change between pasture and natural reserve. Individual traits of hosts influenced network descriptors since larger hosts presented greater interaction strength independent of the study site. In short, we found that the occurrence of highly connected parasite taxa in both the pasture and the reserve sites may have promoted similarity in network structures, and host body size was the best predictor of associations with parasites in both study sites.
Techniques for the generation of multiple additional transmission zeros in H-plane waveguide filters
Authors: Miek Daniel , Boe Patrick , Kamrath Fynn , Höft Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, different techniques for the generation of additional transmission zeros (TZs) in planar waveguide filters are investigated. In the classical theory, TZs are generated only by destructive interference of non-adjacent cavities, limiting the available number of TZs to the filter order itself. However, more approaches for the generation of TZs are known, including bypass-coupling in oversized cavities, frequency-dependent coupling apertures as well as dispersive/resonant TZs which can be realized by the direct source to load cross-coupling. The aim of this paper is to combine several of the strategies in one physical filter set-up to increase the maximal number of TZs beyond the filter order. Different Ku-band fourth-order filter set-ups are presented, showing in total between six and eight real as well as complex TZs. Three filters are manufactured as a proof of concept and compared with the simulation, showing very good agreement.
Regional Versus Remote Atmosphere‐Ocean Drivers of the Rapid Projected Intensification of the East Australian Current
Authors: Bull Christopher Y. S. , Kiss Andrew E. , Gupta Alex Sen , Jourdain Nicolas C. , Argüeso Daniel , Di Luca Alejandro , Sérazin Guillaume 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLike many western boundary currents, the East Australian Current (EAC) extension is projected to get stronger and warmer in the future. The CMIP5 multimodel mean (MMM) projection suggests up to 5°C of warming under an RCP85 scenario by 2100. Previous studies employed Sverdrup balance to associate a trend in basin wide zonally integrated wind stress curl (resulting from the multidecadal poleward intensification in the westerly winds over the Southern Ocean) with enhanced transport in the EAC extension. Possible regional drivers are yet to be considered. Here we introduce the NEMO‐OASIS‐WRF coupled regional climate model as a framework to improve our understanding of CMIP5 projections. We analyze a hierarchy of simulations in which the regional atmosphere and ocean circulations are allowed to freely evolve subject to boundary conditions that represent present‐day and CMIP5 RCP8.5 climate change anomalies. Evaluation of the historical simulation shows an EAC extension that is stronger than similar ocean‐only models and observations. This bias is not explained by a linear response to differences in wind stress. The climate change simulations show that regional atmospheric CMIP5 MMM anomalies drive 73% of the projected 12 Sv increase in EAC extension transport whereas the remote ocean boundary conditions and regional radiative forcing (greenhouse gases within the domain) play a smaller role. The importance of regional changes in wind stress curl in driving the enhanced EAC extension is consistent with linear theory where the NEMO‐OASIS‐WRF response is closer to linear transport estimates compared to the CMIP5 MMM.
Amplification of the Ocean Carbon Sink During El Niños: Role of Poleward Ekman Transport and Influence on Atmospheric CO2
Authors: Liao Enhui , Resplandy Laure , Liu Junjie , Bowman Kevin W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmplification of the ocean carbon sink during El Niño events partially offset terrestrial biosphere carbon losses to the atmosphere, but uncertainties in the magnitude, timing, and spatial extent of the ocean response confound our understanding of the global carbon budget and its sensitivity to climate. Here, we examine the mechanisms controlling the anomalous tropical Pacific Ocean CO2 drawdown during El Niño events harnessing multidecadal ocean pCO2 observations in conjunction with a state‐of‐the‐art ocean biogeochemical model. We show that poleward Ekman transport dramatically amplifies the near‐equatorial pCO2 anomaly identified in prior work and that this amplification varies considerably between El Niño events. During central Pacific events, the CO2 flux anomaly can vary up to fourfold between events (2002/2003 vs. 2015/2016), but it always recedes during the boreal winter to spring transition and the poleward transport of the anomaly mostly extends into the Northern Hemisphere. During eastern Pacific events characterized by an equatorially centered intertropical convergence zone (e.g., 1997/1998), the intense CO2 flux anomaly persists into boreal summer and can extend further into the Southern Hemisphere. The hemispheric asymmetry (northward vs. southward extension) and the termination (boreal winter/spring for central Pacific events vs. boreal summer for eastern Pacific events) of the ocean CO2 response are tied to the El Niño dynamics in the near‐equatorial region and also how it is amplified by poleward Ekman transport. Finally, we evaluate how differences in the ocean response influence atmospheric CO2 and discuss the potential of atmospheric CO2 satellite data to provide observational constraints.
The Biogeochemical Structure of Southern Ocean Mesoscale Eddies
Authors: Patel Ramkrushnbhai S. , Llort Joan , Strutton Peter G. , Phillips Helen E. , Moreau Sebastien , Conde Pardo Paula , Lenton Andrew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMesoscale eddies play a key role in modulating physical and biogeochemical properties across the global ocean. They also play a central role in cross‐frontal transport of heat, freshwater, and carbon, especially in the Southern Ocean. However, the role that eddies play in the biogeochemical cycles is not yet well constrained, partly due to a lack of observations below the surface. Here, we use hydrographic data from two voyages, conducted in the austral summer and autumn, to document the vertical biogeochemical structure of two mesoscale cyclonic eddies and quantify the role of these eddies in the meridional transport of nutrients across the Subantarctic Front. Our study demonstrates that the nutrient distribution is largely driven by eddy dynamics, yielding identical eddy structure below the mixed layer in both seasons. This result allowed us to relate nutrient content to dynamic height and estimate the average transport by eddies across the Subantarctic Front. We found that relative to Subantarctic Zone waters, long‐lived cold‐core eddies carry nitrate anomalies of 1.6±0.2×1010 moles and silicate anomalies of −5.5±0.7×1010 moles across the fronts each year. This cross‐frontal transport of nutrients has negligible impact on Subantarctic Zone productivity; however, it has potential to modify the nutrient content of mode waters that are exported from the Southern Ocean to lower latitudes.
Nutrient‐Rich Gravity Current Formed by Upwelling in Barrow Canyon: High‐Resolution Observations
Authors: Beaird N. L. , Shroyer E. L. , Juranek L. W. , Hales B. , Goñi M. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe distribution of nutrients influences the Chukchi Sea's rich ecosystems and affectsthe biogeochemistry of the central Arctic. Nutrients that become limiting in the late summer can be replenished episodically by physical processes that are likely to change in concert with Arctic climate trends. Here we report on unique, simultaneous, physical, and biogeochemical measurements of one such process: upwelling in Barrow Canyon. High‐resolution transects of a towed vehicle, which was equipped with physical, turbulence, and biogeochemical sensors, captured the upwelling of dense, salty, and nitrate‐rich waters into the shallow regions of Barrow Canyon. Upwelling drastically modifies the nitrate distribution of Barrow Canyon through the vertical advection of Atlantic Water from the Canada Basin and through turbulent flux across the nutricline. Upwelled waters form a highly sheared gravity current that is susceptible to both baroclinic and symmetric instabilities. The current exhibits transverse circulation common to frictional gravity currents. Our observations suggest that rapid and dramatic nutrient changes in Barrow Canyon can be accomplished by upwelling; the subsequent formation of unstable jets and fronts enhances the irreversible flux of upwelled nutrients to less dense waters in the Chukchi sea.
Defining Radiation Belt Enhancement Events Based on Probability Distributions
Authors: Reeves Geoffrey D. , Vandegriff Elizabeth M. , Niehof Jonathan T. , Morley Steven K. , Cunningham Gregory S. , Henderson Michael G. , Larsen Brian A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a methodology to define moderate, strong, and intense space weather events based on probability distributions. We have illustrated this methodology using a long‐duration, uniform data set of 1.8–3.5 MeV electron fluxes from multiple LANL geosynchronous satellite instruments, but a strength of this methodology is that it can be applied uniformly to heterogeneous data sets. It allows quantitative comparison of data sets with different energies, units, orbits, and so forth. The methodology identifies a range of times, “events,” using variable flux thresholds to determine average event occurrence in arbitrary 11‐year intervals (“cycles”). We define moderate, strong, and intense events as those that occur 100, 10, and 1 time per cycle and identify the flux thresholds that produce those occurrence frequencies. The methodology does not depend on any ancillary data set (e.g., solar wind or geomagnetic conditions). We show event probabilities using GOES > 2 MeV fluxes and compare them against event probabilities using LANL 1.8–3.5 MeV fluxes. We present some examples of how the methodology picks out moderate, strong, and intense events and how those events are distributed in time: 1989 through 2018, which includes the declining phases of solar cycles 22, 23, and 24. We also provide an illustrative comparison of moderate and strong events identified in the geosynchronous data with Van Allen Probes observations across all L‐shells. We also provide a catalog of start and stop times of moderate, strong, and intense events that can be used for future studies.
Cytochrome P450 1B1 polymorphism drives cancer cell stemness and patient outcome in head-and-neck carcinoma
Authors: Morvan Valérie Le , Richard Élodie , Cadars Maud , Fessart Delphine , Broca-Brisson Léa , Auzanneau Céline , Pasquies Alban , Modesto Anouchka , Lusque Amélie , Mathoulin-Pélissier Simone , Lansiaux Amélie , Robert Jacques 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is mostly expressed in tumours and displays unusual properties. Its two polymorphic forms were differently associated with anticancer drug sensitivity. We decipher here the role of this polymorphism in anticancer drug efficacy in vitro, in vivo and in the clinical setting.

Methods
From head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines not expressing CYP1B1, we generated isogenic derivatives expressing the two forms. Proliferation, invasiveness, stem cell characteristics, sensitivity to anticancer agents and transcriptome were analysed. Tumour growth and chemosensitivity were studied in vivo. A prospective clinical trial on 121 patients with advanced head-and-neck cancers was conducted, and a validation-retrospective study was conducted.

Results
Cell lines expressing the variant form displayed high rates of in vitro proliferation and invasiveness, stemness features and resistance to DNA-damaging agents. In vivo, tumours expressing the variant CYP1B1 had higher growth rates and were markedly drug-resistant. In the clinical study, overall survival was significantly associated with the genotypes, wild-type patients presenting a longer median survival (13.5 months) than the variant patients (6.3 months) (p = 0.0166).

Conclusions
This frequent CYP1B1 polymorphism is crucial for cancer cell proliferation, migration, resistance to chemotherapy and stemness properties, and strongly influences head-and-neck cancer patients’ survival.
Machine learning-based lifetime breast cancer risk reclassification compared with the BOADICEA model: impact on screening recommendations
Authors: Ming Chang , Viassolo Valeria , Probst-Hensch Nicole , Dinov Ivo D. , Chappuis Pierre O. , Katapodi Maria C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The clinical utility of machine-learning (ML) algorithms for breast cancer risk prediction and screening practices is unknown. We compared classification of lifetime breast cancer risk based on ML and the BOADICEA model. We explored the differences in risk classification and their clinical impact on screening practices.

Methods
We used three different ML algorithms and the BOADICEA model to estimate lifetime breast cancer risk in a sample of 112,587 individuals from 2481 families from the Oncogenetic Unit, Geneva University Hospitals. Performance of algorithms was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AU-ROC) curve. Risk reclassification was compared for 36,146 breast cancer-free women of ages 20–80. The impact on recommendations for mammography surveillance was based on the Swiss Surveillance Protocol.

Results
The predictive accuracy of ML-based algorithms (0.843 ≤ AU-ROC ≤ 0.889) was superior to BOADICEA (AU-ROC = 0.639) and reclassified 35.3% of women in different risk categories. The largest reclassification (20.8%) was observed in women characterised as ‘near population’ risk by BOADICEA. Reclassification had the largest impact on screening practices of women younger than 50.

Conclusion
ML-based reclassification of lifetime breast cancer risk occurred in approximately one in three women. Reclassification is important for younger women because it impacts clinical decision- making for the initiation of screening.
Serial circulating tumour DNA analysis for locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative therapy: prediction of pathological response and postoperative recurrence
Authors: Murahashi Satoshi , Akiyoshi Takashi , Sano Takeshi , Fukunaga Yosuke , Noda Tetsuo , Ueno Masashi , Zembutsu Hitoshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The “watch-and-wait” approach is a common treatment option amongst patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, the diagnostic sensitivity of clinical modalities, such as colonoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging to determine pathological response, is not high. We analysed the clinical utility of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) of patients with LARC to predict response to preoperative therapy and postoperative recurrence.

Methods
A serial ctDNA analysis of 222 plasma samples from 85 patients with LARC was performed using amplicon-based deep sequencing on a cell-free DNA panel covering 14 genes with over 240 hotspots.

Results
ctDNA was detected in 57.6% and 22.3% of samples at baseline and after preoperative treatment, respectively, which was significantly different (P = 0.0003). Change in ctDNA was an independent predictor of complete response to preoperative therapy (P = 0.0276). In addition, postoperative ctDNA and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were independent prognostic markers for risk of recurrence after surgery (ctDNA, P = 0.0127 and CEA, P = 0.0105), with a combined analysis having cumulative effects on recurrence-free survival (P = 1.0 × 10–16).

Conclusions
Serial ctDNA analysis may offer clinically useful predictive and prognostic markers for response to preoperative therapy and postoperative recurrence in patients with LARC.