bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Cell Oil Production by Wild Type Strain Lipomyces starkeyi Y604
Authors: Agustriana E , Juanssilfero A B , Andriani A , Fahrurrozi  , Pangestu R , Yopi  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As one of the promising oleaginous yeast, Lipomyces starkeyi has emerged as a great candidate of a single cell oil (SCO) producer. This is due to its ability to accumulate high lipid content and its ability to consume a diverse carbon sources. However, lipid production of the wild type strain is limited and efforts to obtain high producing wild-type strain are demanded. For this purpose, we conducted fermentation of the local wild-type strain of L. starkeyi InaCC Y604, derived from the collections of Indonesian Culture Collection (InaCC). In this study, we employed glucose, xylose, and a combination of glucose and xylose as carbon sources and conducted the fermentation in the batch flask scale. Following the fermentation, parameters such as dry cell weight (DCW), carbon source consumption, SCO production, lipid content and lipid yield were determined. In this study, we obtained that L. starkeyi InaCC Y604 grown in medium contained a mixture of glucose (50 g/L) and xylose (50 g/L) accumulate highest SCO production with 57.04±0.94 g/L and its lipid content reached out 0.17±0.00 w/w. Despite the result is not the best among previous reported literatures, this shows that the Indonesian local strain L. starkeyi InaCC Y604 can be a promising candidate to be further optimized.
Utilization of Acid-Hydrolysed Microalgal Biomass Collected from Eutrophication-Affected Freshwater Pond as a Substrate for Biogas (Biohydrogen) Production by means of Dark- and Photo-Fermentation
Authors: Praharyawan S , Gazali F M , Susilaningsih D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Eutrophication-affected waters could be a potential source in providing abundant microalgal biomass which is rich in carbohydrates and can be utilized as a promising substrate for biogas (biohydrogen) production. In the present study, microalgal biomass were collected from the eutrophication-affected freshwater pond and then were treated by acid thermal process. Three dilute acid solution (2.25%) were used as hydrolytic agent, namely sulphuric-, hydrochloric- and nitric acid. Alternate biogas production first by anaerobic bacteria and second by Rhodobium marinum were conducted to convert microalgal biomass into clean energy in the form of biogas (biohydrogen). At first stage, dark-fermentation was carried out by anaerobic bacteria to decompose macromolecular organic matter contained in the microalgal slurry or hydrolysate into organic acids. At second stage, photo-fermentative bacteria, Rhodobium marinum, will utilize organic acids and monosaccharides in the fermented liquid from the first stage to produce (hydrogen) gas. The highest value of biogas evolution (426, 88±26, 88 mL/L) and biogas yield (839, 93±49, 41 mL/g COD) was achieved when sulphuric-acid hydrolysate was used as substrate
Methotrexate gene amplification for development of erythropoietin with 2 additional N-link producing cell lines
Authors: Santoso A , Wisnuwardhani P H , Kusumawati A , Herawati N , Rubiyana Y , Septisetyani E P , Nurainy N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As a workhorse for manufacturing recombinant proteins, ChineseHamster Ovary(CHO)cells are becoming an extremely valuable cell for producing recombinant proteins having glycosylation patterns like in human system. Development of cell line, basically, focused on achieving the maximum amount of active proteins by screening the cell line to select higher producing clone. Currently, one of mammalian cell line development technologies used by most biopharmaceutical companies is based on gene amplification technology with methotrexate (MTX) to increase protein expression. With that in mind, the aim of this study is part of an effort to develop cell line capable of producing erythropoietin with 2 additional N-links. Gene amplification was performed on CHO-DG44 cell pools expressing EPO through addition of different concentrations of MTX to medium. The cells were cultured using orbital shaker at the speed of 130 rpm at 37°C and 5% CO2 condition. Stepwise increasing MTX concentrations from 200 and 300nM to 4000 nM were carried out. To measure the EPO produced from the culture, ELISA analysis was performed. The whole process of this amplification took approximately 60 days. From this study it was found that the use of 4000 nM of MTX gave the highest titers of EPO which was approximately 170 mg/liter. This data shows that stepwise increasing MTX concentration is very powerful step for gene amplication and subsequently for cell line development as a whole.
Understanding the reestablishment of micro-ecosystem on the soil microbial community after Merapi Volcano eruption through 16S metagenomic analysis
Authors: Sumerta I N , Setiawan R , Sudiana I M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An eruption of Merapi Volcano affected the established soil ecosystem. Succession process will recover the disrupted soil ecosystem. Soil microbial community is known as the first agent for the succession. They play essential roles to construct the micro-habitat by contributing the ecosystem recovery in nutrient cycling and subsequently initiating the plants-microbes interaction. Since the soil microbial community and its functional profiles become a response to the reestablishment process, their structure community is essential to be understood. This study was addressed to describe the soil microbial community in particular of the presence of plant communities after the eruption and to find out the functional profiles through its community. Using the 16S metagenomic culture-independent analysis, we examined the soil samples of Merapi Volcano after an eruption in three types of soil samples including soil without plants (SC), soil covered with shrubs (LP), and soil covered with high plants (HP). As a result, we obtained that the establishment following the presence of plant community type delineating the pattern diversity value increasingly from SC to LP then HC with Proteobacteria as a prominent Phylum. The presence of the plant community suggested that plants-microbes interaction constructed the establishment of microbial community structure where the microbial community in SC led the nitrogen metabolism than other soil samples due to the annotated nifH gene abundance. Therefore, we assumed that the microbial community in soil without plants is the early recovery stage and the plant community for establishing the micro-habitat after the volcano eruption.
Profiling bioactive compounds in secondary metabolites from co-cultivation between actinomycetes and pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Sari M , Kusharyoto W , Brazia A C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Co-cultivation is one of the ways to induce the discovery of new compounds by activating the cryptic genes in a microorganism’s genome. Actinomycetes is an order of bacteria with many clusters of gene coding for bioactive compounds that has not yet been expressed in the genome. In this study, co-cultivation between Actinomycetes strain DHE5-1 with pathogenic bacteria are conducted. Activity assay was done with disk diffusion method and the bioactive compounds in secondary metabolites are identified using HPLC UV-Vis. The results showed the activity of secondary metabolites from co-cultivation as an antimicrobial agent against the pathogenic microorganisms tested. The bioactive metabolite compounds showed different profiles produced between the mono and co-culture based on the models of the chromatogram. Finally, co-cultivation has the potential to induce the expression of covert genes in the organisms’ genome. This finding can promote the discovery of novel compounds with enhanced antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria such as MDR-SA.
Isolation and Identification of Bacterium Resistant to Glyphosate and Paraquat Herbicide from Rice Fields
Authors: Widowati T , Ginting R C B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Herbicides are chemicals that commonly used to control weeds in rice fields. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria that were resistant to glyphosate and paraquat herbicide. The soil sample was collected from two locations in rice fields at Desa Mulyajaya and Kutalanggeng, Karawang. Thirteen bacterial isolates were isolated from rice fields and screened for their resistance to glyphosate and paraquat. One isolate was resistant to 3.500 ppm of glyphosate and 1.400 ppm of paraquat. Based on Biolog omniLog system, the isolate was identified as Ensifer meliloti.
Utilization of bio organic fertilizers for increasing upland rice production
Authors: Perdani A Y , Dewi T K , Widowati T , Zulfitri A , Praharyawan S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Productivity of upland rice plants is lower than lowland. Water availability and soil fertility are determined by plant growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of bio organic fertilizers (BOF) in upland rice production. The genetic material used was Inpago LIPI Go 1 upland rice. Seeds were planted in plots 16 m2 with plant spacing of 20 x 20 cm. Four treatments consisted of P1 (50% inorganic fertilizer), P2 (100% inorganic fertilizer), P3 (50% inorganic + BOF), P4 (100% BOF) were applied to a randomized block design with four replications. The results showed that the application of BOF single or combination did not significantly effect on yield component of upland rice. The application of BOF + 50% inorganic fertilizer increased fibrous root formation and the rate of mycorrhizal infection in the roots. The highest colonization of mycorrhiza in upland rice roots was shown by P3 treatment of 34%.
Immobile Rhodobium Marinum for Enhancing Hydrogen Excitation: Optimization of Environmental Factors [light intensity, pH and agitation]
Authors: Susilaningsih D , Azizah Y N , Andrianto D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Optimization of an environmental factor (pH, light intensity and agitation) for Hydrogen gas production using immobilized bacteria photosynthetic of Rhodobium marinum through facultative-photo-fermentation was studied. The experiment was conducted by using CRD (completely random design) to understand the effect of each selected parameter and their combination. The result shows that the combination of light intensity, pH and agitation were significantly affected the hydrogen production. Further data analyses gave information that light intensity and pH treatments were regulating the substrate consumption, i.e. accelerating the glucose digestion, which was, enhance the hydrogen gas production. The highest production of hydrogen gas from the experiment was in the range of 1055 - 1200 mL/L, at glucose, contain 10 g/L in the substrate. The optimizations of the photo-fermentation adaptive processes for bioproduction hydrogen gas are a necessary step to find the optimum condition of hydrogen rate and yield, in a certain period. Hydrogen gas is one of the powerful energy carriers that easy to be converting into energy form dailies such as electricity, fuel, heat or storage battery.
Study of the presence of Rhizobium bacteria which were inserted into the cell tissue of soybean seed using vacuum technology
Authors: Lekatompessy S , Murniati E , Kartika T , Sukiman H I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Rhizobium bacteria was known well as the bacteria which has potential on fixing nitrogen from the air and its widely used as biofertilizer. So far, the inoculants normally consist of Rhizobium bacteria which was packed in carrier material such as peat soil and applied to crop seed by mixing the seed with Rhizobium inoculant. This technique Rhizobium inoculant was not efficient anymore since much of bacteria cell was falling down, it did not completely sticked on the surface of seed. So this condition, resulted of un-effective function of the bacteria on running the nitrogen fixing process. To solve the problem, effort has been made to insert the bacteria inside the seed tissue using simple technology. This technology was developed for the target of symbiosis living between the bacteria and plants through optimal nitrogen fixing process. The purpose of this study is to confirm the presence of Rhizobium bacteria. That has been inserted into the soy bean seed using simple vacuum technology. The present of Rhizobium bacteria inside the seed tissue was observed from the preserved slices of seed tissue under amicroscope. The preserved slices of soybean seed tissue shown that the Rhizobium bacteria cell were able to reach the inside of seed tissue and fulfill the air space of palisade tissue.
Variation in transcriptional profiles of carotenoid biosynthetic genes in Indonesian yellow- and white-fleshed tuberous root cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions
Authors: Wahyuni Y , Anika M , Putri D H , Hartati N S , Harmoko R , Sudarmonowati E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Root-tubers of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accumulate high starchy carbohydrates, protein, and carotenoids. Carotenoids were associated with tuber colorus, i.e., yellow-fleshed tuber accumulates more carotenoids than white-fleshed root-tubers. Carotenoids serve nutrition for health, such as an antioxidant and provitamin A. This study aimed to analyze relative expressions (RE) of carotenoid genes in Indonesian yellow and white cassava (IYC and IWC, respectively). Nine-month-old fresh root-tubers of IYC (Adira-1, Mentega-2, and Ubi Kuning) and IWC (Adira-4 and Menti) were used for the analysis. RE of five genes: PSY (phytoene synthase), CRTISO (carotenoid isomerase), LYCa (α-lycopene cyclase), LYCb (β-lycopene cyclase), and BCH1 (beta carotene hydroxylase1), and a reference gene, i.e., EF1-A (elongation factor 1-alpha), were analyzed using a qRT-PCR. Results showed that RE of all genes were detected in IYC and IWC. In IWC, all genes were expressed high, suggesting biosynthetic fluxes through yellow α-carotenoids and xanthophylls. In YWC, variations on RE levels of all genes were observed. LYCa and LYCb were expressed high in Adira-1 and Mentega-2, indicating α- and β-carotenoids accumulate in root-tubers. However, BCH1 was expressed 2-3-folds lower in both accessions than all IWC, suggesting low zeaxanthin production and accumulation of β-carotene. In Ubi Kuning, α-carotenoids accumulation may not exist due to low LYCa RE. Also, higher BCH1 expression levels were observed in Ubi Kuning, suggesting a substantial zeaxanthin accumulation. Results are potential for improving carotenoid accumulation through breeding programs in cassava.
Selecting Pichia pastoris recombinant clones for higher secretion of human insulin precursor into the culture supernatant
Authors: Nurdiani D , Hariyatun  , Utami N , Wahyu Putro E , Kusharyoto W 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe methylotrophic yeast,Pichia pastoris, is one of the preferred yeast hosts for recombinant protein expression. It has been developed as a potential host to express a high level of recombinant proteins, and to achieve efficient secretion as well as growth to very high cell densities. Previously, we have obtained 19P. pastorisrecombinant clones harboring synthetic insulin precursor (IP) expression cassette integrated into their genomes through homologous recombination. To selectP. pastorisrecombinant clones which exhibit high levels of protein expression, we conducted secreted expressions of IP protein in shake flasks. The secretion of IP into the culture supernatants was verified by SDS-PAGE. IP protein concentrations were estimated using ImageJ by applying lysozyme as standard. All of the 19P. pastorisrecombinant clones were confirmed to secrete the IP protein into their culture supernatants, and a single protein band with a molecular size of approximately 7 kDa was found in the SDS-PAGE gel. The six highest IP-expressing clones were selected for second screening in shake flasks. We selected three recombinant clones (CL-3, CL-4, and CL-18), which secreted the highest levels of IP proteins compared to the other clones. The secreted IP concentrations estimated by ImageJ for clones CL-3, CL-4, and CL-18 were 1230, 1143, and 1010 mg/L, respectively.
Valorization of oil palm empty fruit bunch for bioethanol production through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) using immobilized cellulolytic enzymes
Authors: Triwahyuni E , Muryanto  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a lignocellulosic waste from oil palm industry. This biomass is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin which could be a good feedstock for second-generation bioethanol production. The cellulolytic enzyme is one of important biocatalyst for conversion cellulose into glucose that subsequently could be fermented to ethanol. However, instability of enzyme is considered as a barrier for large-scale production. Enzyme immobilization is believed can obtain the high stability of enzyme. Therefore, this study explores the immobilization of cellulolytic enzyme on mixed Ca-alginate-activated carbon beads for separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) process of EFB. The mixed of 3% w/v of sodium alginate and 3% w/v of activated carbon was used in immobilized enzymes. Variation of substrate concentration (50 g/L, 100 g/L, and 150 g/L) was conducted in this study. Hydrolysis process was carried out at 50°C, pH 4.8 and 150 rpm of agitation for 96 h. Furthermore, the hydrolyzate was fermented using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce ethanol. As results, immobilized of cellulolytic enzyme could convert cellulose into glucose in hydrolysis. The highest glucose yield of 75.48% was provided from 150 g/L of substrate loading concentration. Furthermore, ethanol yield of 78.95% could be provided in fermentation process of 150 g/L of EFB. These results indicate the use of immobilized enzymes could be applied in hydrolysis for bioethanol production.
The amylase production by Actinobacteria isolated from rumen fluid
Authors: Ratnakomala S , Perwitasari U , Yopi  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Amylolytic actinobacteria were isolated from the rumen fluid of ruminants. Eighteen isolates actinobacteria were obtained and the generation of actinobacteria mutants using chemical agent Sodium Azide. The actinobacteria wild type and mutants were then screened for amylase activity using starch agar plate assay. Ten isolates showed the ability to produce amylase enzymes. Submerged fermentation (SmF) was used for microbial production of amylase. It was found that maximum amylase activity (2.53 U/mL) was produced by actinobacteria isolate R-9 M, and 2.43 U/mL was produced by isolate R-2 WT using pollard as a substrate in Submerged fermentation. This preliminary study could provide base information for the discovery of novel actinobacteria from natural resources such as rumen fluid for the production of amylase, which will be used for multipurpose.
Aspergillus niger Str 3 and Neurospora sitophila for phytase production on coconut oil cake supplemented with rice brand in solid-state fermentation
Authors: Kanti A , Idris I , Sudiana I M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The use of phytase as a feed supplement is getting popular. However, the production system of this enzyme should be optimized to reduce production cost. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of 10 fungi isolates i.e., Aspergillus niger (5 isolates), and Neurospora crassa InaCC F226 to produce phytase, and select best phytase producer for phytase production on coconut oil cake supplemented with rice brand in solid-state fermentation. A. niger Str3 and N. sitophila produced phytase of 4.6 and 3.4 unit respectively were selected for phytase production owing to its ability to produce phytase in submerging fermentation with glucose as the primary carbon sources. These potential isolates were then used for phytase production on coconut oil cake supplemented with rice brand in solid-state fermentation. The effect of inoculants type, initial moisture content, and additional carbon sources were evaluated to obtain the optimum condition for phytase production. Media contained coconut oil cake supplemented with rice brand at a ratio of 20 to 50% could be used for phytase production. Initial moisture content and incubation time affect phytase production. Optimum initial moisture content was about 60-70%. This work concludes A. niger and N. sithophyla were good inoculant for phytase production using formulated media contained coconut oil cake and rice brand in solid-state fermentation.
In vitro gas production and digestibility of oil palm frond silage mixed with different levels of elephant grass
Authors: Astuti W D , Widyastuti Y , Fidriyanto R , Ridwan R , Rohmatussolihat  , Sari N F , Firsoni  , Sugoro I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Oil palm frond (OPF) is an agricultural by-product which abundantly available in Indonesia. Study to enhance its nutritive value and to preserve OPF is necessary. Ensiling is widely used for preserving biomass with addition of lactic acid bacteria as inoculant. Further, to improve nutritive value of OPF, it is ensiled mixed with grass. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of addition of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) in OPF mixed silages on in vitro gas production and digestibility. Treatments were proportion of elephant grass started from 0, 20, 40, 60, and 100%. Higher grass portion in OPF mix silage decreased pH, increased total acid and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Highest total gas and maximum gas production were 90.38 mL and 99.50 mL, both resulted from S4 (100% grass). Higher portion of grass increased methane production. Highest methane production was 6.38 %, resulted from S4 (100% grass), significantly higher (p<0.05) than other treatments. The lowest methane production, 1.50% was produced from 100% OPF silage (S0). Highest dry matter and organic matter digestibility were62.55% and 62.53%, resulted from 100% grass silage (S4). It was concluded that optimum composition of mixed silages for rumen fermentation was OPF 80%+elephant grass 20%.
Purification and Stability Expression of Open Reading Frames encoding Fusion and Non Fusion Human Interferon Alpha-2a produced in Methilotropic Yeast Pichia pastoris
Authors: Ningrum R A , Mustopa A Z , Agustiyanti D F , Fathurahman A T , Swasthikawati S 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecombinant human interferon alpha-2a (hIFNα-2a) is therapeutic protein that widely used in hepatitis B/C and several cancer treatments. We developed higher molecular weight of hIFNα-2a to improve protein pharmacokinetic profile. The protein was designed as a fusion protein with human serum albumin as protein tag. The protein was produced inPichia pastoriswith 85 kDa in size. This research was aimed to purify, characterize and determine the stability expression of open reading frame (ORF) encoding Fusion and Non fusion forms of hIFNα-2a. The proteins were purified using affinity chromatography and characterized using SDS PAGE and Western Blotting methods. Protein recovery yield was determined by ELISA. Stability expression was applied in generation time until 90thgeneration. The results showed that the Fusion and Non fusion proteins were successfully purified with 74-79% of protein recovery. The proteins can be recognized by specific monoclonal antibody and verified as hIFNα-2a Fusion and Non fusion with 85 kDa and 19 kDa in size respectively. The expression stability showed that the proteins were still produced inPichia pastorisuntil 90thgeneration time with no significant difference of expression level. To conclude, the expression level of ORFs encoding Fusion and Non fusion hIFNα-2a was stable until 90thgenerations.