bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient arm position during quantitative bone single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography acquisition can affect image quality and quantitative accuracy: a phantom study
Authors: Miyaji Noriaki , Miwa Kenta , Motegi Kazuki , Yamashita Kosuke , Terauchi Takashi , Onoguchi Masahisa 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The present study used a phantom to determine the effects of various arm positions on bone SPECT/computed tomography (CT) images and the optimal arm position to acquire good-quality and quantitatively accurate images.

Materials and methods
We designed a phantom study of five simulated arm positions that are assumed during SPECT image acquisition. All SPECT data were acquired during a total of 120 projections of 10 and 100 s/view over 360° in a non-circular mode and reconstructed using Flash 3D (Siemens Healthineers). We evaluated contrast (QH,17 mm), image noise (NB,17 mm), contrast-to-noise ratios (QNRs), and visual scores according to the guidelines for bone SPECT acquisition protocols published by the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine Technology. The SUVmean, SUVmax, and SUVpeak were calculated and quantitative errors were evaluated using the recovery coefficient (RC) and the root means square error (RMSE).

Results
The spatial resolution of SPECT images was better when the arms were down than raised with simulated shoulder disorders. Raised arms with shoulder disorders significantly increased the NB,17 mm and decreased the QH,17 mm, and the QNR in each image differed over a range from 2.2 to 5.2. The visual score was >1.5 with the arms down, raised normally, and raised with moderate shoulder disorders. The SUVmax and SUVpeak were overestimated compared with 100-min data for all images, whereas SUVmean was underestimated. Raised arms with a shoulder disorder decreased RCmax, and RCmean and RCpeak suppressed differences among arm positions. In addition, RMSE with the arms down and raised normally were close to that for 100-min data.

Conclusion
Bone SPECT images with good quality and quantitative accuracy can be acquired with patients holding their arms down by their sides. This will help patients with shoulder pain who have difficulties raising their arms.
Inclusion of Effect Size Measures and Clinical Relevance in Research Papers
Authors: Davis Sara L. , Johnson Ann H. , Lynch Thuy , Gray Laura , Pryor Erica R. , Azuero Andres , Soistmann Heather C. , Phillips Shameka R. , Rice Marti 
Published: December 2020

Background
There are multiple issues that arise when researchers focus on and only report “statistical significance” of study findings. An important element that is often not included in reports is a discussion of clinical relevance.

Objectives
The authors address issues related to significance, the use of effect sizes, confidence or credible intervals, and the inclusion of clinical relevance in reports of research findings.

Methods
Measures of magnitude, precision, and relevance such as effect sizes, confidence intervals (CIs), and clinically relevant effects are described in detail. In addition, recommendations for reporting and evaluating effect sizes and CIs are included. Example scenarios are presented to illustrate the interplay of statistical significance and clinical relevance.

Results
There are several issues that may arise when significance is the focus of clinical research reporting. One issue is the lack of attention to nonsignificant findings in published works although findings show clinical relevance. Another issue is that significance is interpreted as clinical relevance. As well, clinically relevant results from small-sample studies are often not considered for publication, and thus, findings might not be available for meta-analysis.

Discussion
Findings in research reports should address effect sizes and clinical relevance and significance. Failure to publish clinically relevant effects and CIs may preclude the inclusion of clinically relevant studies in systematic reviews and meta-analyses, thereby limiting the advancement of evidence-based practice. Several accessible resources for researchers to generate, report, and evaluate measures of magnitude, precision, and relevance are included in this article.
68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT in Sinonasal Glomangiopericytoma—Exploring Theranostic Avenues!
Authors: Sakthivel Pirabu , Kumar Arunav , Arunraj Sreedharan Thankarajan , Thakur Kuldeep , Jaiswal Avinash Shekhar , Singh Chirom Amit , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is expressed in the tumor-associated endothelial neovasculature of various nonprostatic benign and malignant neoplasms. A 25-year-old man with recurrent sinonasal glomangiopericytoma underwent whole-body 68Ga PSMA PET/CT to explore its theranostic role. There was intense PSMA uptake (SUVmax = 23.9) noted in the tumor. The uptake was more than that of the salivary glands, lacrimal glands, aorta, spleen, and the liver. Performance of PSMA PET/CT in sinonasal glomangiopericytoma opens up new frontiers concerning radiological imaging, early recurrence identification, and perhaps even radioligand therapy of residual/recurrent tumors.
Novel Experience in Hybrid Tracers
Authors: Manca Gianpiero , Garau Ludovico Maria , Mazzarri Sara , Mazzuca Laura , Muccioli Simona , Ghilli Matteo , Naccarato Giuseppe , Colletti Patrick M. , Rubello Domenico , Roncella Manuela , Volterrani Duccio , Desideri Ielizza 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The clinical introduction of a radioactive and fluorescent hybrid tracer allowed for preoperative lymphatic mapping and intraoperative real-time fluorescence tracing of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) by a single injection. The aim of this feasibility study is to evaluate the first-in-human use of the hybrid tracer by combining indocyanine green (ICG) and radiocolloid based on Nanotop compound (99mTc Nanotop) for SLN biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer patients.

Methods
The day before surgery, ICG-99mTc Nanotop was injected periareolarly in breast cancer patients scheduled for SLNB. Planar lymphoscintigraphic (PL) and SPECT/CT images were then acquired. An intraoperative optonuclear probe was used to detect SLN gamma and fluorescent signals. The harvested SLNs were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and patients were clinically evaluated 1 month after surgery.

Results
Twenty-one consecutive patients were enrolled. The PL and SPECT/CT techniques identified at least 1 SLN in all patients for a preoperative sentinel detection rate of 100%. SPECT/CT revealed 3 additional lymph nodes in the same nodal basin, which had not been visualized on conventional PL (κ = 0.747; P < 0.005). All 30 preoperative SLNs were localized and excised up to 16 hours after injection. The counts measured via gamma tracing showed a very strong correlation with those measured via near-infrared fluorescent tracing (P < 0.005, r = 0.964). No adverse reactions were observed.

Conclusions
The SLNB technique used with the ICG-99mTc Nanotop tracer resulted to be feasible, reliable, and safe. This hybrid compound allowed us to obtain excellent performance in terms of both preoperative lymphatic mapping and intraoperative SLN detection in breast cancer patients.
Technical Standards for Nursing Education Programs in the 21st Century
Authors: Ailey Sarah H. , Marks Beth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The Institute of Medicine (2000, 2002) exposed serious safety problems in the health system and called for total qualitative system change. The Institute of Medicine (2011, 2015) also calls for improving the education of nurses to provide leadership for a redesigned health system. Intertwined with improving education is the need to recruit and retain diverse highly qualified students. Disability is part of diversity inclusion, but current technical standards (nonacademic requirements) for admission to many nursing programs are a barrier to the entry of persons with disabilities. Rehabilitation nurse leaders are in a unique position to improve disability diversity in nursing. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of disability diversity in nursing.

Design
The history of existing technical standards used in many nursing programs is reviewed along with examples.

Methods
On the basis of the concept that disability inclusion is a part of diversity inclusion, we propose a new model of technical standards for nursing education.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance
Rehabilitation nurse leaders can lead in eliminating barriers to persons with disabilities entering nursing.
Polymorphism in the MAGI2 Gene Modifies the Effect of Amyloid β on Neurodegeneration
Authors: Kim Hang-Rai , Lee Taeyeop , Choi Jung K. , Jeong Yong 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
A weak association between amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and neurodegeneration biomarkers, such as brain atrophy, has been repeatedly reported in a subset of patients with Alzheimer disease, suggesting individual differences in response to Aβ deposition.

Methods:
Here, we performed a genome-wide interaction study to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that modify the effect of Aβ (measured by 18F-florbetapir positron emission tomography) on brain atrophy (measured by cortical thickness using magnetic resonance imaging). We used magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, cerebrospinal fluid, and genetic data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database [discovery cohort, ADNI-GO/2 (n=723) and replication cohort, ADNI-1 (n=129)].

Results:
We identified a genome-wide suggestive interaction of rs3807779 SNP (β=−0.14, SE=0.029, P=9.08×10−7) in the discovery cohort. The greater dosage of rs3807779 SNP increased the detrimental effect of Aβ deposition on cortical thickness. In replication analyses, the congruent results were replicated to confirm our findings. Furthermore, rs3807779 SNP augmented the detrimental effect of Aβ deposition on cognitive function. Genetic profiling showed that rs3807779 has chromatin interactions with the promoter region of MAGI2 gene, suggesting its association with MAGI2 expression.

Conclusions:
These findings demonstrate that subjects carrying the rs3807779 SNP are more susceptible to Aβ-related neurodegeneration.
Glutamate-induced modulation in energy metabolism contributes to protection of rat cortical slices against ischemia-induced damage
Authors: Gul Zulfiye , Buyukuysal R. Levent 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
Glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to neurodegeneration during cerebral ischemia. Recent studies in the protective effect of glutamate against ischemia and hypoxia have shown the need for questioning the role of glutamate in energy metabolism during ischemia. Current study investigates the effect of glutamate on energy substrate metabolites such as alpha-ketoglutarate, lactate, and pyruvate release during control, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and reoxygenation (REO) conditions.

Methods
The effects of 0.5 and 2 mM glutamate on spontaneous alpha-ketoglutarate, lactate, and pyruvate release were tested in vitro, on acute rat cortical slices. Alpha-ketoglutarate, lactate, and pyruvate levels were determined by HPLC with UV detector.

Results
We observed that glutamate added into medium significantly increased alpha-ketogluarate release under control conditions. Although OGD and REO also had a glutamate-like effect, only REO-induced rise further enhanced by glutamate. In contrast to alpha-ketoglutarate, both OGD and REO conditions caused significant declines in pyruvate and lactate outputs. While OGD and REO-induced declines in pyruvate outputs were further potentiated, lactate output was not altered by glutamate added into the medium. Glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate, moreover, also ameliorated OGD- and REO-induced losses in 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining with a similar degree.

Conclusion
These results indicate that glutamate probably increases alpha-ketoglutarate production as an alternative energy source for use in the TCA cycle under energy-depleted conditions. Thus, increasing the alpha-ketoglutarate production may represent a new therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative disorders, including cerebral ischemia.
Corporate social responsibility and job seekers' application intention: a mediated moderation model of calling and value congruence
Authors: Choi Jinsoo , Park Yonguk , Sohn Young Woo 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study investigated how and when corporate social responsibility (CSR) fosters job seekers' application intention using a mediated moderation model. Specifically, the study explored the positive effect of CSR on job seekers' intention to apply, the moderating role of applicants' calling and the mediating role of value congruence in the relationship between the person and organization.Design/methodology/approachThe study sample consisted of 259 college students in South Korea. A quasi-experimental design and survey were used. Data were analyzed using a regression-based path analysis to test a mediated moderation model.FindingsThe results showed that CSR significantly increased job seekers' application intention, which was moderated by their calling. Furthermore, the interaction between CSR and calling on application intention was fully mediated by the value congruence between person and organization.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that engaging in active CSR can effectively attract job applicants, especially those with a high calling, who are known as qualified workers needed for the organization. The findings can provide a competitive advantage to organizations in this highly competitive environment.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of the micro-effect of CSR by showing the positive influence of CSR on job seekers' application intention. Further, by evaluating a mediated moderation model, this study advances the field's understanding of the underlying mechanisms of CSR, especially in terms of calling and value congruence.
Single-sex versus coeducational schooling in 19th-century Victorian public schools
Authors: Carole Hooper 
Published: December 2020

PurposeSoon after its establishment in 1863, the Board of Education – “the body responsible for administering public education in Victoria – determined that a system of universal mixed (coeducational) schooling would be adopted in the colony. Existing single-sex departments were “encouraged”, or compelled, to amalgamate, and no new separate schools were established. Although administrators and officials endorsed coeducation, primarily on the grounds of efficiency and economy, opposition from some teachers and parents persisted for many decades. Those opposed to the mixing of children within the schools expressed particular concern about the moral well-being of female pupils, and wished to protect them from what they perceived as corrupting influences. Nevertheless, once decided upon, the policy of universal coeducation prevailed, and when Victoria's first state secondary schools were established in the early 20th century, they too were coeducational.Design/methodology/approachDocumentary evidence, primarily the records of the various boards responsible for the administration of the public schools, evidence provided to several royal commissions, and various contemporary sources, have been examined to discover how the policy of universal coeducation was developed and implemented, and to examine what arguments were offered in favour of and against such a system.FindingsThe colony of Victoria implemented a system of universal coeducation within the public education sector well in advance of its adoption by other Australian colonies, and before it was generally accepted by similar societies elsewhere. The purpose of this paper is to examine why, how and by whom the policy of coeducation was formulated and implemented, and what opposition it faced.Originality/valueAlthough reference is often made to coeducational schooling in histories of education in the 19th century, the information provided is usually of a general nature, without providing specific information about the process by which separate schooling was superseded by coeducation – how and when one type of educational provision came to be replaced by another.
Investigating parameters affecting maintenance of heritage buildings in Egypt
Authors: Abdelrazik Hoda , Marzouk Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

PurposeMaintenance of heritage buildings in Egypt is essential for extending their life and preserving them in a good condition for current use and future generations. The purpose of this paper aims to study the significant parameters to be taken into consideration in the decision-making process for maintenance of heritage buildings.Design/methodology/approachThis research identifies and analyzes the parameters affecting maintenance decision-making process using relative importance index method. Sixty-three parameters were collected from the literature and were categorized into six groups. The feedback of 15 experts who represent owners' representatives and consultants in the field of maintenance and preservation of heritage buildings was obtained through a questionnaire survey and analyses were conducted on the results.FindingsAccording to the highest values of the relative importance index method, the top 10 influencing parameters are determined. A comparison between feedback of the two groups of experts is conducted. Statistical analysis is carried out to test the parameters, revealing a strong correlation between structural and geotechnical groups of parameters.Originality/valueParameters affecting decision-making for maintenance of heritage buildings were identified, influencing parameters can be used to compare between heritage buildings in greater need of maintenance than others.
Glycemic control and its associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh
Authors: Reza Hasan Mahmud , Hasan Towhid , Sultana Marjia , Faruque Md. Omar 
Published: December 2020

PurposeDiabetes mellitus is becoming a growing concern worldwide. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess the magnitude of poor glycemic control and to identify the determinants of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 732 diabetes patients seeking care at the outpatient department of Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Information, including glycemic status, was collected from patients’ medical records using a structured questionnaire.FindingsAbout 87.6% of the patients were found to have poor glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin = 7%). Variables that were significant in bivariate analysis were put into a multivariate model where the factors associated with poor glycemic control were patients aged 41–60 years (odds ratio (OR)=2.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–4.32,p= 0.013), suffering from diabetes for > 7 years (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.12–2.99,p= 0.015), using insulin (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.23–4.47;p= 0.010) or diet alone (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05–0.80,p= 0.023) as a type of diabetes treatment and proper use of medicine (OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.17–0.82,p= 0.015).Originality/valueThe high prevalence of poor glycemic control among diabetic patients is evident; therefore, strategic management and proper attention focusing on the predictors of poor glycemic control are necessary to reduce the long-term complications of diabetes.
A triangulation process of street music in public spaces: a case study of Istanbul's Istiklal Avenue
Authors: Gemci Ayse Gul , Ferah Bahar 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the spatial interactions of street music in public spaces. It proposes to clarify why relationship between street music and people in public spaces is important and how street music evokes an external stimulus on people.

Design/methodology/approach
The conceptual framework of this paper is based on the triangulation process of Whyte and the qualities of public spaces, forming a relationship between space and people produced from the seminal literature of the paper. Accordingly, a case study based on the qualitative research method was conducted in Istiklal Avenue, where street music performances can be observed for long term. During the field work which spans a period of 12 months, 10 spots of street music performances have been observed and photo–video documentation was collected.

Findings
This paper provides empirical insights on how the triangulation process reflects social interactions in public spaces. This also suggests the triangulated position of street music as an external stimulus relating with the people as actors of daily urban flux.

Research limitations/implications
Regarding to the chosen research approach which is based on deeper understanding, this paper interrelates the interactions of street music and people in public space.

Social implications
This paper includes qualitative research steps of data collection and disaggregates findings with a “Cross Matrix Table” proposed at the end of the study.

Originality/value
The proposed disaggregating “Cross Matrix Table” and case study fulfil an architectural need to research how everyday street art activity can reflect the qualities of public space.