bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional Spillover in the Family across the Transition to Parenthood
Authors: Pu Doris F. , Rodriguez Christina M. 
Published: May 2020

Although family systems theory posits reciprocal causality between subsystems of the family, such as intimate partner violence exacerbating harsh parenting and vice versa, longitudinal studies with cross‐lagged models have been used infrequently to test these principles. As guided by the spillover model, this study examined bidirectional associations between couple dysfunction, parent–child aggression risk, and child functioning across the transition to parenthood to determine whether and how disruptions in one subsystem relate to problems in other family subsystems. Participants were 201 first‐time mothers and 151 fathers from a diverse community sample, evaluated during pregnancy, and reassessed two more times through their child's first 18 months of life. Individual and dyadic path model results indicate bidirectional spillover effects between parent–child aggression risk and child functioning for both mothers and fathers, and spillover from parent–child aggression risk to couple dysfunction for mothers but not fathers. However, limited spillover effects were identified between couple functioning and child adjustment, in contrast to previous work. Findings suggest that spillover can happen reciprocally and early in the family, supporting transactional models of behavior and highlighting the need for early family level intervention.
Effect of the plastic pollutant bisphenol A on the biology of aquatic organisms: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Nicholas C. , Seebacher Frank 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlastic pollution is a global environmental concern. In particular, the endocrine‐disrupting chemical bisphenol A (BPA) is nearly ubiquitous in aquatic environments globally, and it continues to be produced and released into the environment in large quantities. BPA disrupts hormone signalling and can thereby have far‐reaching physiological and ecological consequences. However, it is not clear whether BPA has consistent effects across biological traits and phylogenetic groups. Hence, the aim of this study was to establish the current state of knowledge of the effect of BPA in aquatic organisms. We show that overall BPA exposure affected aquatic organisms negatively. It increased abnormalities, altered behaviour and had negative effects on the cardiovascular system, development, growth and survival. Early life stages were the most sensitive to BPA exposure in invertebrates and vertebrates, and invertebrates and amphibians seem to be particularly affected. These data provide a context for management efforts in the face of increasing plastic pollution. However, data availability is highly biased with respect to taxonomic groups and traits studies, and in the geographical distribution of sample collection. The latter is the case for both measurements of the biological responses and assessing pollution levels in water ways. Future research effort should be directed towards biological systems, such as studying endocrine disruption directly, and geographical areas (particularly in Africa and Asia) which we identify to be currently undersampled.
Miscanthus sacchriflorus exhibits sustainable yields and ameliorates soil properties but potassium stocks without any input over a 12‐year period in China
Authors: Zhao Chunqiao , Fan Xifeng , Li Xiaona , Hou Xincun , Zhang Weiwei , Yue Yuesen , Zhu Yi , Wang Chao , Zuo Yiling , Wu Juying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe perennial C4 Miscanthus spp. is used in China for bio‐fuel production and its ecological functions. However, questions arise as to its economic and environmental sustainability in abandoned farmland where the costs should be very low. Little is known about its yield performance and effects on soil properties when it was harvested annually without any inputs in China. To address these questions, an experiment was implemented for 12 years on annually harvested Miscanthus sacchariflorus planted in 2006 and managed without fertilization, irrigation, or any other inputs. We determined biomass yields each year, biomass allocation, and soil properties before and after its cultivation. Biomass yields of M. sacchariflorus reached a peak value (29.67 t/ha) 3 years after cultivation and was maintained at a stable level (averaged 22.22 t/ha) during 2012–2017. Its root shoot ratio increased due to more biomass allocated below‐ground with time. Long‐term cultivation of M. sacchariflorus increased organic carbon contents, pH (for the absence of fertilization), microbial carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents, and soil carbon nitrogen ratios (0–100 cm). Soil bulk density was decreased significantly (p < .05) independent of soil depths. Annual harvest did not reduce total nitrogen and phosphorus, available nitrogen, and potassium, but total the potassium content of soil (0–100 cm). Cultivation of M. sacchariflorus increased available phosphorus contents in 40–100 cm soil and reduced that value in 20–40 cm soil. Biological nitrogen fixation provided ~218.74 kg ha−1 year−1 (1 m depth) nitrogen for the system offsetting nitrogen export by biomass harvest and stabilizing nitrogen levels of soil. In conclusion, M. sacchriflorus exhibited sustainable biomass yields and ameliorated soil properties but the decrease of total potassium contents after 12 years’ cultivation without any input. These conclusions could provide important information timely for the government and encourage farmers to promote large‐scale utilization of M. sacchriflorus on the abandoned farmland in China.
Use of Groundwater Level Fluctuations near an Operating Water Supply Well to Estimate Aquifer Transmissivity
Authors: Pozdniakov Sergey , Ivanov Pavel , Davis Paul , Sizov Nikolay 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe developed a method to estimate aquifer transmissivity from the hydraulic‐head data associated with the normal cyclic operation of a water supply well thus avoiding the need for interrupting the water supply associated with a traditional aquifer test. The method is based on an analytical solution that relates the aquifer's transmissivity to the standard deviation of the hydraulic‐head fluctuations in one or more observation wells that are due to the periodic pumping of the production well. We analyzed the resulting analytical solution and demonstrated that when the observation wells are located near the pumping well, the solution has a simple, Dupuit like form. Numerical analysis demonstrates that the analytical solution can also be used for a quasi‐periodic pumping of the supply well. Simulation of cyclic pumping in a statistically heterogeneous medium confirms that the method is suitable for analyzing the transmissivity of weakly or moderately heterogeneous aquifers. If only one observation well is available, and the shift in the phase of hydraulic‐head oscillations between the pumping well and the observation well is not identifiable. Prior knowledge of aquifer's hydraulic diffusivity is required to obtain the value of the aquifer transmissivity.
A conducive environment? The role of need support in the higher education workplace and its effect on academics' experiences of research assessment in the UK
Authors: Weinstein Netta , Chubb Jennifer A. , Haddock Geoffrey , Wilsdon James R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLittle is known about how researchers in higher education institutions (HEIs) experience and respond to support received from their departments. The present study investigated how support for researchers' autonomy (choice and self‐expression), relatedness (through connections with colleagues) and competence (feeling effective in one's work) influenced their attitudes towards an external assessment of research. To do so, we surveyed 598 academics from four HEIs in the UK about their attitudes towards one such external assessment: the Research Excellence Framework (REF), a nationwide assessment of research quality and the subject of debate about research evaluation. Our findings, drawing on self‐determination theory, show that departments can shape responses to the REF: individuals whose psychological needs were supported by their academic departments held more positive, and less negative, attitudes towards the REF. This occurred both directly and indirectly through researchers' recognition that the REF had a more positive influence on their research activities and outputs.
A comparative study of medical ebook and print book prices
Authors: Watson Erin M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough most medical libraries buy ebooks, there has been little discussion of the comparative costs of medical ebooks and print books.ObjectivesTo determine whether individually purchased medical ebooks cost more or less, on average, than the same titles in print format and, if so, to calculate the price differential.MethodsThe author searched the platform of monograph vendor YBP for the 1095 titles in the ‘Clinical Medicine’ category of Doody’s Core Titles 2018 edition. For each title, the print price and the lowest ebook price were noted; the ratio of ebook price to print book price for each title was then calculated.ResultsOn average, ebooks cost 2.20 times more than their print equivalents, though the size of the price differential varied greatly with the publisher. For some publishers, ebooks cost nearly the same amount as print books, while for others, ebooks cost three or even four times as much as the print.DiscussionThe greater price of some ebooks may make them unaffordable for libraries or mean that those titles cannot be purchased as ebooks even when that format would be preferred.ConclusionsBuying ebooks, at least on a title‐by‐title basis, can be very costly for medical libraries.
Reduced bone resorption and inflammation in apical periodontitis evoked by dietary supplementation with probiotics in rats
Authors: Cosme‐Silva L. , Dal‐Fabbro R. , Cintra L. T. A. , Ervolino E. , Plazza F. , Mogami Bomfim S. , Duarte P. C. T. , Junior V. E. D. S. , Gomes‐Filho J. E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the relationship between systemic administration of probiotics and inflammation/resorption processes associated with apical periodontitis (AP) in a rat model.MethodologyTwenty‐four male Wistar rats were used. AP was induced in the mandibular left/right first molars. The animals were arranged into three groups: Control, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. acidophilus. Probiotics were orally administered via gavage (109 colony‐forming units (CFU) diluted in 5 mL of water) for 30 days during the development of AP. On the 30th day, blood was collected to analyse the calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in plasma. Then, the animals were euthanized and the jaws removed for micro‐computed tomography and immune‐histopathological analysis for receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). After the Shapiro–Wilk test of normality, the Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn’s test was performed for nonparametric data, and analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test was performed for parametric data (P < 0.05).ResultsThere was no significant difference in the calcium and phosphorus levels in plasma amongst the groups (P > 0.05). The level of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the groups that consumed probiotics (P < 0.05). A significantly lower volume of bone resorption was observed in groups that consumed probiotics (P < 0.05). The inflammatory infiltrates and the immunolabelling for RANKL and TRAP were significantly lower in probiotic groups when compared to the control (P < 0.05). Also, the OPG was significantly more immunolabelled in the L. acidophilus group than in the L. rhamnosus and control groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionProbiotic supplementation through gavage (L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus) had a significant effect on the reduction of inflammation and bone resorption in apical periodontitis development in rats.
A PIK3CA transgenic mouse model with chemical carcinogen exposure mimics human oral tongue tumorigenesis
Authors: Tan Melody T. , Wu Jean G. , Callejas‐Valera Juan Luis , Schwarz Richard A. , Gillenwater Ann M. , Richards‐Kortum Rebecca R. , Vigneswaran Nadarajah 
Published: May 2020

SummaryOral cancer causes significant global mortality and has a five‐year survival rate of around 64%. Poor prognosis results from late‐stage diagnosis, highlighting an important need to develop better approaches to detect oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) and identify which OPLs are at highest risk of progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). An appropriate animal model that reflects the genetic, histologic, immunologic, molecular and gross visual features of human OSCC would aid in the development and evaluation of early detection and risk assessment strategies. Here, we present an experimentalPIK3CA + 4NQOtransgenic mouse model of oral carcinogenesis that combines the PIK3CA oncogene mutation with oral exposure to the chemical carcinogen 4NQO, an alternate experimental transgenic mouse model with PIK3CA as well as E6 and E7 mutations, and an existing wild‐type mouse model based on oral exposure to 4NQO alone. We compare changes in dorsal and ventral tongue gross visual appearance, histologic features and molecular biomarker expression over a time course of carcinogenesis. Both transgenic models exhibit cytological and architectural features of dysplasia that mimic human disease and exhibit slightly increased staining for Ki‐67, a cell proliferation marker. The PIK3CA + 4NQO model additionally exhibits consistent lymphocytic infiltration, presents with prominent dorsal and ventral tongue tumours, and develops cancer quickly relative to the other models. Thus, the PIK3CA + 4NQO model recapitulates the multistep genetic model of human oral carcinogenesis and host immune response in carcinogen‐induced tongue cancer, making it a useful resource for future OSCC studies.
Adversity exposure and obesogenic food consumption in young children: The transgenerational role of emotion dysregulation
Authors: Huffhines Lindsay , Gusler Stephanie , Jackson Yo 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundChildhood adversity is linked with unhealthy eating behaviours and obesity, but the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear, specifically the transgenerational behavioural precursors that develop in early childhood.ObjectiveTo determine whether adversity predicts change in obesogenic food consumption through child emotion dysregulation, and whether caregiver emotion dysregulation modifies this association.MethodsParticipants included 190 low‐income caregiver‐child dyads (mean child age = 4.31 years [SD = 0.85]). Cumulative lifetime adversity exposure was assessed via study‐created measure. The Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale and Emotion Regulation Checklist assessed caregiver and child emotion dysregulation, respectively. Children's obesogenic food consumption was assessed at two time points 6 months apart using a caregiver‐report measure: the Children's Eating Habits Questionnaire. Moderated mediation models were tested using autoregressive structural equation modelling.ResultsCumulative lifetime adversity was associated with child emotion dysregulation only when caregiver emotion dysregulation was high. Child emotion dysregulation in turn was associated with greater obesogenic food consumption 6 months later.ConclusionsAmong young children with caregivers high in emotion dysregulation, cumulative lifetime adversity was linked to an increase in obesogenic food consumption through child emotion dysregulation.
Biophysical defects of an SCN5A V1667I mutation associated with epinephrine‐induced marked QT prolongation
Authors: Nakajima Tadashi , Dharmawan Tommy , Kawabata‐Iwakawa Reika , Tamura Shuntaro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kobari Takashi , Kaneko Yoshiaki , Nishiyama Masahiko , Kurabayashi Masahiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe epinephrine infusion test (EIT) typically induces marked QT prolongation in LQT1, but not LQT3, while the efficacy of β‐blocker therapy is established in LQT1, but not LQT3. We encountered an LQT3 family, with an SCN5A V1667I mutation, that exhibited epinephrine‐induced marked QT prolongation.MethodsWild‐type (WT) or V1667I‐SCN5A was transiently expressed into tsA‐201 cells, and whole‐cell sodium currents (INa) were recorded using patch‐clamp techniques. To mimic the effects of epinephrine, INa was recorded after the application of protein kinase A (PKA) activator, 8‐CPT‐cAMP (200 μM), for 10 minutes.ResultsThe peak density of V1667I‐INa was significantly larger than WT‐INa (WT: 469 ± 48 pA/pF, n = 20; V1667I: 690 ± 62 pA/pF, n = 19, P < .01). The steady‐state activation (SSA) and fast inactivation rate of V1667I‐INa were comparable to WT‐INa. V1667I‐INa displayed a significant depolarizing shift in steady‐state inactivation (SSI) in comparison to WT‐INa (V1/2‐WT: −88.1 ± 0.8 mV, n = 17; V1667I: −82.5 ± 1.1 mV, n = 17, P < .01), which increases window currents. Tetrodotoxin (30 μM)‐sensitive persistent V1667I‐INa was comparable to WT‐INa. However, the ramp pulse protocol (RPP) displayed an increased hump in V1667I‐INa in comparison to WT‐INa. Although 8‐CPT‐cAMP shifted SSA to hyperpolarizing potentials in WT‐INa and V1667I‐INa to the same extent, it shifted SSI to hyperpolarizing potentials much less in V1667I‐INa than in WT‐INa (V1/2‐WT: −92.7 ± 1.3 mV, n = 6; V1667I: −85.3 ± 1.6 mV, n = 6, P < .01). Concordantly, the RPP displayed an increased hump in V1667I‐INa, but not in WT‐INa.ConclusionsWe demonstrated an increase of V1667I‐INa by PKA activation, which may provide a rationale for the efficacy of β‐blocker therapy in some cases of LQT3.
Substitution among milk and yogurt products and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in the EPIC‐NL cohort
Authors: Stuber J. M. , Vissers L. E. T. , Verschuren W. M. M. , Boer J. M. A. , van der Schouw Y. T. , Sluijs I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigher dairy consumption has been associated with lower type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, whereas dairy product subtypes appear to differ in their T2D risk association. We investigated whether replacing one type of milk or yogurt product with another is associated with T2D incidence.MethodsParticipants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition‐Netherlands (EPIC‐NL) cohort (n = 35 982) were included in the present study. Information on milk and yogurt consumption at baseline was obtained by a validated food frequency questionnaire. T2D cases were identified by self‐report or linkage to the hospital discharge registry, and validated by consulting the general practitioner. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate associations.ResultsDuring a mean of 15 years of follow‐up, 1467 indecent T2D cases were validated. Median total milk and yogurt intake was 1.5 servings (25th percentile to 75th percentile: 0.8–2.4). After adjustment for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, replacement of one serving (200 g) of whole‐fat milk [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.60–1.44], buttermilk (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.58‐1.34), skimmed milk (HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.57–1.32) or skimmed fermented milk (HR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.63–1.54) with whole‐fat yogurt was not associated with T2D risk. Substitutions among other milk and yogurt products were also not associated with T2D risk. Sensitivity analysis investigating T2D risk halfway follow‐up suggested a lower risk for substitutions with whole‐fat yogurt.ConclusionsNo evidence was found for the association between substitutions among milk and yogurt products and the risk of incident T2D, although we cannot exclude possible attenuation of results as a result of dietary changes over time. This analysis should be repeated in a population with a wider consumption range of whole‐fat yogurt.
Host range and susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii infection in captive neotropical and Old‐world primates
Authors: Paula Nayara Ferreira de , Dutra Kateanne Silva , Oliveira Ayisa Rodrigues de , Santos Daniel Oliveira dos , Rocha Cláudia Emanuela Viana , Vitor Ricardo Wagner de Almeida , Tinoco Herlandes Penha , Costa Maria Elvira Loyola Teixeira da , Paixão Tatiane Alves da , Santos Renato Lima 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundToxoplasmosis is an important disease affecting captive non‐human primates. The goal of this study was to assess the seroprevalence and pathological findings of toxoplasmosis in different species of captive primates.MethodsSix captive neotropical primates died naturally due to Toxoplasma gondii infection and were necropsied. Tissue samples were evaluated by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Serum samples from 57 captive neotropical and Old‐world primates housed at the Belo Horizonte zoological garden were analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA).ResultsNeotropical primates had lesions compatible with toxoplasmosis with immunolabeled intralesional T gondii. All Old‐World primates (10/10), but only three neotropical primates (3/47), all belonging to the Sapajus apella species (3/6), were serologically positive.ConclusionsOur results suggest a higher susceptibility of neotropical primates to toxoplasmosis. However, this study also supports the hypothesis that Sapajus apella may be naturally resistant.
Krapina atlases suggest a high prevalence of anatomical variations in the first cervical vertebra of Neanderthals
Authors: Palancar Carlos A. , García‐Martínez Daniel , Radovčić Davorka , Llidó Susanna , Mata‐Escolano Federico , Bastir Markus , Sanchis‐Gimeno Juan Alberto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe first cervical vertebra, atlas, and its anatomical variants have been widely studied in Homo sapiens. However, in Neanderthals, the presence of anatomical variants of the atlas has been very little studied until very recently. Only the Neanderthal group from the El Sidrón site (Spain) has been analysed with regard to the anatomical variants of the atlas. A high prevalence of anatomical variants has been described in this sample, which points to low genetic diversity in this Neanderthal group. Even so, the high prevalence of anatomical variations detected in El Sidrón Neanderthal atlases needs to be confirmed by analysing more Neanderthal remains. In this context, we analysed the possible presence of anatomical variants in the three Neanderthal atlases recovered from the Krapina site (Croatia) within the Neanderthal lineage. Two of the three Krapina atlases presented anatomical variations. One atlas (Krapina 98) had an unclosed transverse foramen and the other (Krapina 99) presented a non‐fused anterior atlas arch. Moreover, an extended review of the bibliography also showed these anatomical variations in other Middle and Upper Pleistocene hominins, leading us to hypothesise that anatomical variations of the atlas had a higher prevalence in extinct hominins than in modern humans.
Making the State Responsible: Intersex Embodiment, Medical Jurisdiction, and State Responsibility
Authors: Garland Fae , Travis Mitchell 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThrough consideration of new developments in the United Kingdom's intersex policy, this article traces the ways in which responsibility is produced, naturalized, and avoided by individuals, institutions, and the state. Jurisdiction is identified as a barrier to the attribution of responsibility that must be overcome to achieve progress in relation to the needs of intersex people. By bringing together jurisdictional analysis and vulnerability theory, this article demonstrates how the state has traditionally abrogated responsibility by compartmentalizing specific practices as governed by medical authority. It highlights that such accounts mask the role of the state in the creation of jurisdiction and the ways in which governance is conducted. Challenging these boundaries allows vulnerability theorists to move the state towards greater levels of responsibility. By combining these theoretical tools, the article enhances the practical utility of vulnerability theory and advances an important agenda for intersex people.