bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the factors for metastasis and determining treatment strategy in patients with 10–20 mm sized rectal neuroendocrine tumor
Authors: Park Byung-Soo , Cho Sung Hwan , Son Gyung Mo , Kim Hyun Sung , Kim Su Jin , Park Su Bum , Choi Cheol Woong , Kim Hyung Wook , Shin Dong Hoon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Rectal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) smaller than 10 mm is typically treated with endoscopic resection. Rectal NET larger than 20 mm should be treated with radical surgical resection. However, proper treatment for 10 - 20 mm sized rectal NET is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the appropriate treatment strategy for 10-20 mm sized rectal NET by verifying factors that can predict metastasis.Methods: A total of 23 patients with 10–20 mm sized NET who were treated at Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital from January 2009 to February 2020 were included. The patients were divided into metastasis group and non-metastasis group and their respective data were analyzed.Results: Six patients had metastasis (26.1%) while 17 patients had no metastasis (73.9%). Tumor size in endorectal ultrasound (EUS) was significantly larger in the metastatic group than in the non-metastatic group (p = 0.036), however pathological tumor size did not show significant difference (p = 0.087). The rate of involvement of muscularis propria was 50% in the metastatic group, which was significantly higher than that in the non-metastatic group (p = 0.040). Lymph node enlargement was observed in a single patient (16.7%) in the metastatic group for each of EUS and computed tomography (CT) imaging. Ki-67 index in the metastatic group was higher than in the non-metastatic group. The two groups also showed a significant difference in the proportion of patients with tumor grade 2 (66.7% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, tumor grade was the only independent metastasis-predicting factor (p = 0.010). Conclusions: EUS should be performed to evaluate tumor size, and muscularis propria involvement along with CT imaging to check lymph node enlargement before the treatment of 10–20 mm sized rectal NET. If endoscopic resection was performed, tumor grade should be the most important factor to determine whether additional radical resection is necessary.
Potential long-term consequences of school closures: Lessons from the 2013-2016 Ebola pandemic
Authors: Smith William C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has seen an unprecedented shutdown of society. Nearly 1.725 billion children across the globe have been affected as over 95% of countries closed schools as the virus spread in April 2020. Much attention has been given to school closures as non-pharmaceutical mitigation tools to stem the spread of the disease through ensuring social distancing. Within education, focus has been given to keep students connected through remote learning and the immediate needs of schools upon reopening. This study takes a longer-term view. Using Demographic Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from before and after the 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak in Guinea and Sierra Leone, this study examines changes in enrolment and dropout patterns, with targeted consideration given to traditionally marginalized groups. With schools closed for seven and nine months in the two countries, the length and intensity of the Ebola pandemic is the only health crises in the past century to come close to the school closures being experienced in 2020. Findings suggest that youth in the poorest households see the largest increase in dropout rates post-Ebola and that this impact can persist for years. Two years after being declared Ebola-free an additional 22,000 of the poorest secondary age youth remained out of school than would have been expected based on the pre-outbreak dropout rate. To halt the likely expansion in inequality post-pandemic, these results point to the need for longer term, sustainable planning that includes comprehensive financial support packages to groups most likely to be impacted.
Differential Diagnosis in Patients with HRCT Patterns Suspected for COVID-19 Pneumonia and RT-PCR Negative: A Multidisciplinary Approach for an Appropriate Management
Authors: Renato D'Onofrio , Michela D’Andreta , Cecilia Modolon , Rita Rimondi Maria , Cristina Poggi , Valerio Di Scioscio , Filippo Trapani , Luciano Attard , Stefano Nava , Francesco Monteduro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Since 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization has declared that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a pandemic and a global public health emergency. One of the main problems related to the rapid spread of the pandemic was the low sensitivity of the swabs that were used, resulting in high false negative rates, and the inability of HRCT to distinguish COVID-19 pneumonia from other types of pneumonia, resulting in diagnostic delays and increased infections in the hospital units. To deal with this problem, a multidisciplinary team has been created at the Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital in Bologna, with the aim of integrating the data of each patient framed as a "COVID suspect" and to get to a correct diagnosis. We analysed some exemplary cases of patients with negative swab but highly suggestive clinical and radiological characteristics for COVID-19 that, thanks to this multidisciplinary team, were then framed as other forms of pneumonia and successfully treated.
An Artificial Intelligence powered Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy and Characterization Scheme
Authors: Vaghashiya Rajkumar , Chauhan Varun , Kapadiya Kaushal , Sanghavi Smit , Nandwani Ishita , Basumatary Jeanie , Thakore Riya , Seo Dongmin , Seo Sungkyu , Roy Mohendra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Digital Inline Holography (DIH) based microscopy is a well-established technique for the characterization of nano and microparticles, such as biological cells, artificial microparticles, quantum dots, etc. Due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, various practical solutions such as auto characterization of complete blood count (CBC), cell viability test, and 3D cell tomography have been developed. In our previous work, we demonstrated the feasibility of this system to perform complete blood count along with the auto characterization of cell-lines as well as shape and size characterization of the microparticles. However, its performance suffered due to the weak signals from some of the cells owing to their poor signatures and the presence of background noise. The auto characterization technique therein was based on the parameters determined from our empirical findings, which limit the system in terms of its cellline recognition power. In this work, we try to address these issues by leveraging an artificial intelligence-powered auto signal enhancing scheme as well as adaptive cell characterization technique. The performance comparison of our proposed method with the existing analytical model shows an increase in accuracy to >98% along with the signal enhancement of >5 dB for most cell types like Red Blood Cell (RBC) and White Blood Cell (WBC), except the cancer cells (HepG2 and MCF-7) for which the accuracy is about 84%.
tspex: a tissue-specificity calculator for gene expression data
Authors: Camargo Antonio P. , Vasconcelos Adrielle A. , Fiamenghi Mateus B. , Pereira Gonçalo A. G. , Carazzolle Marcelo F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
When comparing gene expression data of different tissues it is often interesting to identify tissue-specific genes or transcripts. Even though there are several metrics to measure tissue-specificity, a user-friendly tool that facilitates this analysis is not available yet. We present tspex, a software that allows easy computation of a comprehensive set of different tissue-specificity metrics from gene expression data. tspex can be used through a web interface, command-line or the Python API. Its package version also provides visualization functions that facilitate inspection of results. The documentation and the source code of tspex are available at https://apcamargo.github.io/tspex/ and the web application can be accessed at https://tspex.lge.ibi.unicamp.br/
Conspiracy in the Time of Corona: Automatic detection of Emerging Covid-19 Conspiracy Theories in Social Media and the News
Authors: Shahsavari Shadi , Holur Pavan , Wang Tianyi , Tangherlini Timothy R. , Roychowdhury Vwani 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Rumors and conspiracy theories thrive in environments of low confi- dence and low trust. Consequently, it is not surprising that ones related to the Covid-19 pandemic are proliferating given the lack of scientific consensus on the virus’s spread and containment, or on the long term social and economic ramifications of the pandemic. Among the stories currently circulating are ones suggesting that the 5G telecommunication network activates the virus, that the pandemic is a hoax perpetrated by a global cabal, that the virus is a bio-weapon released deliberately by the Chinese, or that Bill Gates is using it as cover to launch a broad vaccination program to facilitate a global surveillance regime. While some may be quick to dismiss these stories as having little impact on real-world behavior, recent events including the destruction of cell phone towers, racially fueled attacks against Asian Americans, demonstrations espousing resistance to public health orders, and wide-scale defiance of scientifically sound public mandates such as those to wear masks and practice social distancing, countermand such conclusions. Inspired by narrative theory, we crawl social media sites and news reports and, through the application of automated machine-learning methods, discover the underlying narrative frame- works supporting the generation of rumors and conspiracy theories. We show how the various narrative frameworks fueling these stories rely on the alignment of otherwise disparate domains of knowledge, and consider how they attach to the broader reporting on the pandemic. These alignments and attachments, which can be monitored in near real-time, may be useful for identifying areas in the news that are particularly vulnerable to reinterpretation by conspiracy theorists. Understanding the dynamics of storytelling on social media and the narrative frameworks that provide the generative basis for these stories may also be helpful for devising methods to disrupt their spread.
The Effect of Angiotensin II Infusion on Markers of Organ Function in Invasively Ventilated COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Zangrillo Alberto , Colombo Sergio , Scandroglio Anna Mara , Fominskiy Evgeny , Pieri Marina , Calabrò Maria G , Beccaria Paolo F , Pasculli Nicola , Guzzo Francesca , Calvi Maria R , Cipriani Antonella , Sartini Chiara , Nardelli Pasquale , Ortalda Alessandro , Lombardi Gaetano , Sartorelli Mariana , Monti Giacomo , Assanelli Andrea , Tresoldi Moreno , Dagna Lorenzo , Franchini Stefano , Neto Ary Serpa , Bellomo Rinaldo , Landoni Giovanni 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of angiotensin II (ANGII) in invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients is controversial. Its effect on markers of organ function is unknown.Methods: We used ANGII either as rescue vasopressor agent or as low dose vasopressor support. Patients treated before ANGII availability or in an adjacent COVID-19 ICU served as controls. For data analysis, we applied Bayesian modelling as appropriate. We assessed the effects of ANG on markers of organ function.Results: We compared 46 ANGII patients with 53 controls. Compared with controls, ANGII increased MAP (median difference, 9.05 mmHg [95% confidence interval, 1.87 to 16.22]; p = 0.013) and PaO2/FiO2 ratio (median difference, 23.17 [95% confidence interval, 3.46 to 42.88]; p = 0.021). ANGII had no effect on lactate, urinary output, serum creatinine, C-Reactive protein, platelet count, or thromboembolic complications. However, it significantly decreased the odd ratio of liver dysfunction (odds ratio: 0.32; 0.09 to 0.94) and, on Bayesian modelling, in patients with abnormal baseline serum creatinine, ANGII carried a 95.7% probability of decreasing renal replacement therapy use. Conclusions: In ventilated COVID-19 patients, ANGII therapy was associated with increased blood pressure and PaO2/FiO2 ratios, decreased odds ratio of liver dysfunction, and a high probability of decreasing renal replacement therapy use in patients with abnormal baseline serum creatinine.
First detection and evaluation of ivermectin resistance in Haemonchus contortus from sheep in Zhaosu, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Tuersong Waresi , Yan Xingrun , Zhou Caixian , Wang Chunqun , Di Wenda , Chen Jian , Zhou Yanqin , Hu Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In 2017 in Zhaosu, Xinjiang, China, a series of sheep death suspected to have reduced the potency of ivermectin (IVM) have raised the vigilance of herdsmen. At the same time, veterinary practitioners warned of the potential risk of the lack of efficacy of IVM in the treatment of Haemonchus contortus. Methods: In this study, the efficacy of IVM against H. contortus was assessed under controlled experimental conditions by using larval developmental assay (LDA) and faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) to determine whether the reduced efficacy in sheep in Zhaosu was caused by IVM resistance. Results: In total, 1560 adult worms were isolated from the abomasum of post mortem examination of dead sheep which received recent IVM (0.2 mg/kg) treatment before death and eggs were collected from female worms for usage in LDA. The LDA result revealed that significant difference in resistance ratio (RR) was detected between the IVM-susceptible and -resistant isolates (6.09 for Zhaosu strain) of H. contortus. The Zhaosu strain was maintained in laboratory for FECRT, which showed that the efficacy of IVM was 0% at 1, 2 and 3 times dose, but at 4.8 times dose, it reached 87.5% at 14 days post-treatment. Conclusion: The findings suggested that controlling H. contortus of small ruminants in Zhaosu requires an integrated parasite management strategy that should include monitoring of infection and anthelmintic resistance, and increasing the awareness of herdsmen on the importance of using the appropriate drug usage to improve nematode control in sheep.
The clinicopathological features of epithelioid undifferentiated sarcoma with TFE3 amplification: one case report and literature review
Authors: Lang Yuejiao , Li Xiaojuan , Chen Shaoyu , Xiang Pei , Han Anjia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Strong nuclear expression of TFE3 protein resulting from gene fusion has been reported in some neoplasms. TFE3 amplification has been proven to be a novel mechanism leading to increased protein level only in several cases of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor and renal cell carcinoma. Such rare genetic alteration might be associated with poor prognosis or aggressive course. Herein, we first reported a case of undifferentiated sarcoma with epithelioid features harboring TFE3 amplification. Case presentation: A 66-year-old woman with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and chemotherapy presented with a 4 cm palpable nodule in the left lower leg. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an oval juxtacortical lesion to the anterolateral left tibia. Microscopically, the large epithelioid cells with marked pleomorphism and the small round cells intermingled with each other in a diffuse sheet or a hemangiopericytoma-like vascular growth pattern. Myxoid stromal change was evident focally, imparting a hypocellular appearance. Atypical mitotic figures and lymph node metastasis were identified while tumor necrosis was absent. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for vimentin, TFE3, CD68 and CD34. TFE3 gene amplification was identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Surgical resection was performed. The patient was alive without recurrence 8 month after surgery.Conclusions: The present case might represent a novel entity. Our report expands the scope of tumors carrying TFE3 amplification, and raises more attention to this rare genetic alteration and its association with potential aggressive behavior of the tumor.
Epidemiology and clinical significance of pLVPK-like virulence plasmid in KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in eastern China: a preliminary exploration
Authors: Xu Min , Yang Qing , Liu Yanchao , Chen Xiao , Kong Haishen , Fu Zhangrong , Chen Yu , Fu Yiqi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: By acquiring a pLVPK-like virulence plasmid (pVir), Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-kp) evolves to a hypervirulent variant, with increasing cases reported worldwide. However, little is known about the epidemiological trend of pVir in KPC-kp, as well as clinical characteristics of infections caused by this novel strain (pVir+-KPC-kp). Methods: From 2014-2018, 662 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) were consecutively collected from a tertiary hospital of eastern China. The confirmed KPC-kp were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, multilocus sequence typing and detection of pLVPK-related genetic loci (rmpA, rmpA2, iucA and iroN) to identify pVir+-KPC-kp strains. Then, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of KPC-kp infection patients with and without pVir were compared. Moreover, the risk factors for pVir+-KPC-kp infections also determined by a multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results: of the 662 CRKP, 86.6% (573/662) were KPC-kp including 285 (49.7%) pVir+-KPC-kp and 288 (50.3%) pVir--KPC-kp. Notably, the prevalence of pVir+-KPC-kp by year increased remarkably from 2014 (19.5%, 8/41) to 2018 (60.0%, 90/150). Sequence type (ST) 11 was the most predominant ST, accounting for 88.9% of all pVir+-KPC-kp. For the 352 KPC-kp infection cases (186 with pVir+-KPC-kp and 166 with pVir--KPC-kp), multivariable analysis indicated neurosurgery (Odds ratio [OR], 2.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48-5.75; P =0.002) was independently associated with pVir+-KPC-kp infections. Although patients with pVir+-KPC-kp infections had higher incidence of septic shock (31.2% vs. 21.1%, P =0.03), the two groups showed no significant differences in 7-day mortality (23.1% vs. 18.1%, P =0.24) or 28-day mortality (45.7% vs. 44.0%, P =0.75). Conclusions: Altogether, wide dissemination of pVir in ST11 KPC-kp has emerged in China. Neurosurgery is an independent risk factor for acquisition of pVir+-KPC-kp infections. The mortality rates were similar between patients infected with pVir+-KPC-kp or pVir--KPC-kp, suggesting uncertain impact of pVir in clinical outcome.
Anethum graveolens L‎.

Alleviates Sperm ‎Damage by Limiting Oxidative Stress ‎and Insulin ‎Resistance ‎in ‎Diabetic Rats ‎
Authors: Abbasi-Oshaghi Ebrahim , Khodadadi Iraj , Mirzaei Fatemeh , Ahmadi Mehrdad , Tayebinia Heidar , Goodarzi Mohammad Taghi 
Published: August 2020

Background:

It has been reported that diabetes is associated with sperm ‎damage and infertility.

Objective:
The purpose of this experiment was to survey the effect of Anethum graveolens L. (Dill) powder on sperm profiles, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and histological changes in male diabetic rats.

Methods:
Male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=7); group 1: normal rats, 2: normal rats + 100mg/kg Dill, 3: normal rats + 300mg/kg Dill, 4: diabetic rats, 5: diabetic rats + 100mg/kg Dill, and 6: diabetic rats + 300mg/kg Dill. After 2 months of treatments, the sperm profile, anti-oxidant activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde were measured. The histopathology of testis was evaluated. Hormonal changes and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were measured by ELISA.

Results:
Total anti-oxidant and SOD activity in diabetic rats significantly decreased, while MDA concentration was significantly increased in the testis and pancreas of diabetic rats compared with control. However, the use of Dill significantly normalized these profiles. The treatment of diabetic rats with Dill changed the sperm parameters. The levels of testosterone, FSH, and LH in diabetic rats were significantly reduced, but the treatment with Dill did not alter the level of these hormones. Dill also significantly normalized testis morphological changes, insulin resistance, and inflammation.

Conclusion:
The use of Dill normalized oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance in diabetic rats that correlated with sperm profile and testis histological changes. The treatment of diabetic rat models with Dill did not show harmful effects on sperm profiles.
Fibrin-Specific Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute CVA within 6 Hours of Onset, Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alreesi Abdullah , Al Mandhari Amal , Al Raisi Marwan , Al Ruqaishi Huda , Al Abri Fahad , Al Jufaili Mahmood 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) remains a major cause of disability and death and fibrinolytic agents might reduce long-term disability. We sought to determine whether patients receiving fibrin-specific thrombolytic agents acutely (within 6 h) following CVA had improved functional outcome, or decreased mortality or increased intracerebral bleeding at 6-months than patients receiving placebo.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials that assessed 6-months functional outcome, mortality and intracranial hemorrhage and compared thrombolytic therapy with placebo in patients randomized within the first 6 hours following CVA. We searched these databases: MEDLINE (1990-2018), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews. Two blinded reviewers reviewed the eligible articles and rated study quality using the Jadad score. We calculated pooled Odds Ratios (ORs) using a random effect model.

Results:
We included 9 studies with 6523 enrolled participants and had 673 deaths. Compared with placebo, thrombolytic therapy within 6 hours of CVA did not result in a statistically significant reduction in 6-month mortality (OR 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–1.55). More patients in the thrombolytic therapy group had favorable functional outcome (OR 1.20 confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.35). Thrombolytic therapy caused more fatal intracerebral bleeding than placebo (OR 5.61 confidence interval [CI] 3.40-9.24).

Conclusion:
Fibrin-Specific thrombolytic within 6 hours of CVA improves functional outcome
at the expense of increasing symptomatic and fatal intracerebral bleed. Future studies are required before extending the thrombolytic window to 6-hours.