bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The capacity of water hyacinth as biofilter and bioaccumulator based on its size
Authors: Elizabeth J , Yuniati R , Wardhana W 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNowadays, aquatic environmental contamination caused by human activities is increasing. One of several types of contaminants is heavy metal. Water hyacinth,Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.) Solms. is an aquatic plant that has been known to have a capacity to absorb heavy metals through its roots. Previous study reported that water hyacinth can reduce the amount of the suspended solid in the water. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of three sizes of water hyacinth in filtering the suspended solid from turbid water. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse over a period of seven days on August 2019. The plant material was obtained from water body in Sawangan, Depok area. We used fifteen plants which categorized into three sizes of water hyacinth, i.e. small, medium and large. Those plants were first acclimatized for a period of seven days in tap water without addition of nutrients. For the next seven days, the water hyacinths were transferred to a fiberglass rectangular fish tank filled with 50 L water from Situ (Lake) Agathis, Depok. From the results, it was found that the accumulation capacity of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) by water hyacinth decreased by the increase of plant size. Another result showed that compared to leaves and stems, roots accumulate more heavy metals. Under seven days of growing period, all the fifteen water hyacinth plants can reduce the total dissolved solids (TDS) from 261 ppm to 204 ppm, and total suspended solids (TSS) from 0.0449 ppm to 0.0151 ppm.
Systematic investigation into mechanical strength, pore structure and microstructure of high performance concrete incorporating nano-hybrids
Authors: Morsy M. , Shoukry H. , Mokhtar M.M. , Taha N. A. , Morsy M. S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, high performance concrete (HPC) containing two types of nanoparticles: carbon nano tubes (CNTs) and nano silica (NS) and hybrid nanoparticles (CNTs + NS) were prepared. The compressive strength, phase composition, pore size distribution, surface area, surface morphology and microstructural characteristics were investigated at 7 and 28 days of hydration. In addition, the combined effect of CNTs and silica fume (SF) on the properties of concrete has been investigated in this study for comparison reasons. The results indicated that, all kinds of the utilized nanoparticles provided an enhancement in the compressive strength of the hardened concrete at early and later ages of hydration. Furthermore, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) patterns revealed no great difference in the hydration degree of cement with the addition of CNTs. However, Due to its large specific surface area and the pozzolanic activity, CNTs+NS nanohybrid showed the best acceleration efficiency. The concrete containing CNTs+NS nanohybrid exhibited the highest improvement in compressive strength. The pozzolanic reaction induced by NS and silica fume (SF) led to remarkable increase in the surface area and the nanoporosity/gel pores assigned to calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) phase. The SEM analysis showed that, CNTs resulting in bridging nano-size and micro-size pores or gaps within cement hydrates; however, SF and NS are more efficient in filling the pores and gaps between the hydration products and providing more compact microstructure.
Attenuation Effectiveness of Double Phase Stainless Steel Alloys for Fusion Reactor System
Authors: Ali Noha M. , Saeed Aly , El Shazly R. M. , Al-Fiki S. A. , Eissa M. M. , El-kameesy S. U. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aluminium, tungsten and aluminium - tungsten ferritic stainless-steel alloys were developed and produced using 30 kg pilot plant induction furnace of medium frequency at the same conditions to be applied in nuclear reactor shielding material. Higher hardness, ultimate strength, and ultimate tensile strength are appeared in the developed alloys. Aluminium stainless-steel elongation had lower values. Total slow neutrons, neutrons > 10 keV, and slow neutrons of aluminium-tungsten based ferritic stainless steel alloys which carried out using 241Am-Be neutron source as well as a wide range up to 1400 keV energies of gamma rays, which emitted from Co-60, Cs-137 and Eu-152, were used by means of sodium iodide (Tl) detector and studied using the XCOM program. Results showed that all studied stainless-steel alloys own a converge values of neutron macroscopic cross sections (Σ, cm“1). Moreover, there is no significant variation of the value of mass attenuation coefficients (σ, cm2/g) for the studied alloys. Good agreement between both experimental and calculated results of mass attenuation coefficients was achieved. A new composition for several nuclear applications such as, nuclear shielding applications were achieved.
Tuning the Co/Sr stoichiometry of SrCoO2.5 thin films by RHEED assisted MBEgrowth
Authors: Schöffmann P , Pütter S , Schubert J , Zander W , Barthel J , Zakalek P , Waschk M , Heller R , Brückel T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Strontium cobaltite (SrCoO2.5+δ
, SCO) is a fascinating material because of its topotactic structural phase transition caused by a change in oxygen stoichiometry. In the brownmillerite phase (δ = 0) it is an insulating antiferromagnet whereas in the perovskite phase (δ = 0.5) it is a conducting ferromagnet. In contrast, the impact of the varying Co/Sr stoichiometry on the structure has not yet been studied in SCO thin films. Using molecular beam epitaxy we have fabricated SCO thin films of varying Co/Sr stoichiometry. Films with Co excess exhibit a brownmillerite crystal structure with CoO precipitates within the thin film and on the surface. Co deficient films are amorphous. Only for 1:1 stoichiometry a pure brownmillerite structure is present. We find a clear dependence of the Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) pattern of these thin films on the stoichiometry. Interestingly, RHEED is very sensitive to a Co excess of less than 12% while x-ray diffraction fails to reveal that difference. Hence, using RHEED, the stoichiometry of SCO can be evaluated and tuned in-situ to a high degree of precision, which allows for a quick adjustment of the growth parameters during a sample series.
Stability study of iodinated reduced graphene oxide and its application in self-assembled Al/Bi2O3 nanothermite composites
Authors: Wang Anqi , Bok Sangho , Mathai Cherian Joseph , Gangopadhyay Keshab , McFarland Jacob , Maschmann Matthew R , Gangopadhyay Shubhra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The direct reduction of graphene oxide (GO) by hydroiodic acid is an established method to produce iodine functionalized reduced GO (I-rGO). However, the stability of the iodine species within I-rGO upon heating and dispersing into different solvents, as required for many applications, has not been examined. Herein we examined the stability of I-rGO and utilized it to promote self-assembled nanoenergetic composites. I-rGO intercalated with polyiodide was found to be unstable at elevated temperature and when dispersed in organic solvents. The I-rGO exhibited excellent dispersion in dimethylformamide but resulted in a loss of iodine content as exfoliation released weakly-bound intercalated iodine species. The dispersed I-rGO was utilized as a scaffold to self-assemble I-rGO/Al and I-rGO/Al/Bi2O3 nanoenergetic composites. The I-rGO both prevented the phase separation of Al and Bi2O3 particles and provided a source for reactive iodine to etch the alumina shell surrounding Al fuel nanoparticles. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the use of the I-rGO assembly template reduced the temperature of initiation and peak reaction and produced 70% greater energy release than randomly mixed Al/Bi2O3 nanoenergetic powder. In fact, 95% of the exothermal energy released by the reaction occurred while Al was in the solid state, suggesting that the reaction between free iodine and alumina was significant enough to greatly reduce the diffusion barrier between solid Al fuel and surrounding oxidizer. Further, the underlying conductive I-rGO scaffold reduces electrostatic discharge sensitivity of the nanoenergetic composite by almost four orders of magnitude.
TRUU-Lab: Methods for Optimization of Test Names for Understanding and Utilization
Authors: Wang Julia , Garnett Emily , Bierl Charlene , Jackson Brian , Singh Ila 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Poor understandability of laboratory test names increases risk for inappropriate test utilization and medical errors. Yet, human understandability has not been a major consideration in existing laboratory test names or naming guidelines. TRUU-Lab (Test Renaming for Understanding and Utilization for Laboratory Test Names) is a national initiative that now has more than 45 members representing more than 20 academic and industry organizations, the CDC, the FDA, and organizations outside of the US. The goals of the initiative include: 1) Identify root causes and challenges in understanding and using laboratory test names; 2) Share resources related to potential solutions; 3) Develop consensus guidelines for laboratory test naming; 4) Establish consensus names for existing laboratory tests; and 5) Promote the adoption and implementation of consensus laboratory test names. Previous studies have addressed the first two goals of this initiative by identifying problematic test names and features of test names that contribute to misutilization. We also identified advantages and limitations of current test naming guidelines and previous standardization efforts. This study addresses goals 3 and 4 of the TRUU-Lab initiative. We have adopted an iterative process of guideline development, to make use of feedback from establishing consensus names to improve guidelines and vice versa. Preliminary work in this area has focused on definition of optimal laboratory test names from a human understandability perspective. By analysis of test characteristics through the process of test name redefinition, we found that the requirements for optimal understandability vary with respect to clinical scenario and provider background. This highlights the need for naming guidelines to permit flexibility in the components and presentation format for laboratory test display names. We are using results from this work to construct idealized candidate test names given an appropriate clinical scenario. Candidate names will be evaluated by survey studies through the Brand Institute, which offers expertise in pharmaceutical name and brand identity development. We are assessing different laboratory test names under controlled conditions, with studies conducted in two phases. The first phase, conducted through pilot surveys sent to primary care providers, assesses intuitive name preferences given a short and specific prompt. The second phase will use a simulated electronic medical record environment to present mock clinical scenarios, which surveyed physicians will use to select an appropriate test. We expect that results from survey studies will directly inform the development of TRUU-Lab naming guidelines, in turn permitting development of better optimized laboratory test names. This process represents a new strategy for intentional design of laboratory test names that are understandable and promote correct provider utilization.
Coagulation Testing Gone Awry; Effect of Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) Removal on Lupus Anticoagulant Assays
Authors: Casa Daniel , Gil Morayma Reyes 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as apixaban and rivaroxaban are widely used to treat those with or at risk for thromboembolic disease. However, DOACs have been shown to interfere with coagulation assays making their interpretations challenging. Importantly, lupus anticoagulant (LA) assays using the dilute Russell Viper Venom Time (dRVVT) to screen for patients at increased risk of thrombosis are particularly affected by DOACs leading to inaccurate results. DOAC removal agents are available to improve dRVVT specificity for LA and eliminate assay interferences.

Aims
To evaluate the performance of DOAC-Remove to accurately measure LA in patient plasma.

Methods
10 LA positive and 10 LA negative samples without DOAC as well as normal pool plasma (NPP) were used as controls. We assessed 64 patient plasma samples including 39 patients on apixaban and 25 patients on rivaroxaban (anticoagulation was confirmed by chart review). LA testing by dRVVT was performed using Staclot® DRVV Screen and Staclot® DRVV Confirm reagents on STA R Max analyzer. DRVVT testing was performed before and after DOAC removal (DOAC-Remove, Aniara). DOAC plasma concentrations were measured using STA Liquid Anti-Xa assay. Acceptable DOAC removal was defined as an anti Xa level &lt;0.03 IU/mL. Positive LA was defined as a screen ratio and mix ratio greater than 1.15.

Results
Positive and negative samples without DOAC remained the same after DOAC removal treatment. Factor levels in NPP were not affected by DOAC removal treatment. DOAC removal resulted in shortening of the dRVVT in 91% of the samples. Surprisingly, 6 cases showed prolongation in the dRVVT after DOAC removal. Before DOAC removal, 47 cases (24 apixaban and 23 rivaroxaban) tested positive and 17 tested negative (15 apixaban and 2 rivaroxaban). Following DOAC removal, 28 cases tested positive and 36 tested negative. As expected, many samples of patients on DOAC were found to be falsely positive (27/64; 15 on apixaban and 12 on rivaroxaban). Interestingly, 8 of 64 tests were found to be falsely negative. Of the 8 samples that were falsely negative, 7 were on apixaban and 1 on rivaroxaban. 9 samples that were negative before DOAC removal remained negative after DOAC removal, and 20 tests that were positive before DOAC removal remained positive after DOAC removal for a total of 29 results (45%) that remained unchanged. It was found that DOACs caused inaccurate results in 55% of cases.

Conclusions
Our study was able to demonstrate the effectiveness of DOAC-Remove to eliminate DOACs from patient plasma and provide accurate LA results. DOAC interference on LA assays predictably creates many false positive results, however, presence of DOACs can produce false negative results as well, underlying the importance of pretest screening for presence of anticoagulants in plasma samples.
Donor Engraftment of a HSC-Transplanted CLL Patient Experiencing Richter’ Transformation to DLBCL
Authors: Li Ping , Li Tian , McKirenan Sara , Mapara Markus , Vlad George 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A patient diagnosed with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) received HSC transplantation, and displayed stable donor engraftment. Three years after transplantation, the patient experienced a relapse in the form of Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). Total blood, bone marrow, lymph node (LN) and lineage specific Chimerism measurements were performed using AmpFlSTR+ (Applied Biosystems) kit.
The patient showed full myeloid engraftment and mixed T and B Chimerism immediately after transplant. Within 6–12 weeks all lineages studied (T, B, NK, myeloid and erythroid) were fully donor (99–100%), which remained stable for over 3 years. A miniscule drop in the B cell lineage Chimerism was noted (97.3%) 42 months after transplantation. Concurrent clinical status (lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain) suggested relapse. Histopathology and flow cytometry studies showed that the patient was experiencing Richter’s transformation (RT) to DLBCL. Molecular oncology testing demonstrated that the DLBCL IgH rearrangement was identical to the original CLL disease. Leftover LN tissue which had been submitted for flow cytometry studies and demonstrated the presence of immunophenotypically aberrant monotypic B cells (&gt;50% of cellularity) was processed for Chimerism and showed 21% donor cells.
RT is defined as transformation from CLL into a more aggressive lymphoma, typically DLBCL, with a reported incidence ranging from 1 to 9%. The median time to RT is 1.9 years after diagnosis. Importantly, RT changes the nature of the hematological neoplasm from leukemia, residing mostly in the blood and bone marrow, to lymphoma, a disease which mainly affects secondary lymphoid organs. Therefore, this patient displayed complete or near complete donor engraftment in the peripheral blood (including in lymphoid lineages) by routine Chimerism testing. The reemergence of neoplastic cells of recipient origin was clearly evident when the test was applied to an affected lymph node. In conclusion RT from leukemia to lymphoma may represent a significant challenge to monitoring disease relapse by Chimerism.
An Unusual Presentation of Pleomorphic Lipoma
Authors: Smith F , Martinez Duarte E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Pleomorphic lipomas are benign tumors that typically occur in the shoulder, posterior neck, and back. Here, we present a case of a pleomorphic lipoma arising in an unusual location.

Methods
A 63-year-old male presented with a 1.3 x 1.3 x 0.9 cm enhancing slightly heterogeneous mass in the subcutaneous tissue superficial to the right parotid tail. The mass was biopsied and then excised.

Results
Histopathologic examination of the biopsy and resection specimens revealed an adipocytic neoplasm composed of mature adipose tissue with admixed spindle cells within a myxoid stroma. Lipoblasts, cellular atypia or increased mitotic figures were absent. Numerous floret-like cells were identified. These floret cells are characteristic of pleomorphic lipoma. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for CD34 and negative for desmin, smooth muscle actin, MyoD1, keratin, SOX10, and Melan-A by immunohistochemistry, consistent with pleomorphic lipoma.

Conclusion
Pleomorphic lipomas arising from the periparotid adipose tissue are rare. They tend to have a favorable prognosis with low incidence of recurrence if excised with clear margins. Following complete excision, the patient is doing well.
Cribriform Adenocarcinoma of the Minor Salivary Gland (CAMSG); A Separate and Malignant Entity
Authors: Laharwani H , Woods T , Jackson J , Manucha V , Velasco I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Cribriform adenocarcinoma of the minor salivary gland (CAMSG) is a recently described salivary gland neoplasm (SGN) that WHO includes under the polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) subheading. CAMSG is reported to occur mostly in the base of the tongue and lingual tonsils.

Methods
We present a case of CAMSG of buccal mucosa in a 48-year old woman who presented with pain and swelling on the left side of the face that started after tooth extraction. Imaging revealed a large expansile mass (5.8 x 4.3 x 6.1 cm) originating in the left mandibular angle extending into masticator space, maxillary sinus, pterygopalatine fossa, sphenoid, middle cranial fossa, orbit and skull base. Ameloblastoma, primary intraosseous carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma were considered. Incisional biopsy revealed a tumor comprised of round to ovoid cells with clear to vesicular nuclei (ground-glass appearance) and occasional mitosis present in irregular solid, cribriform, and microcystic patterns in a hyalinized stroma with the presence of abundant mucin within lobules and stroma.

Results
Differential diagnosis of secretory carcinoma, hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma, and less likely PAC and mucoepidermoid carcinoma were considered, all inconsistent with the imaging findings. The tumor cells were positive for S100 and negative for CD117, ki67, p63, CD117, and TTF-1. Based on a prominent cribriform pattern, vesicular nuclei, and S-100 expression, a diagnosis of cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland origin was rendered. The patient subsequently underwent left partial maxillectomy, left partial mandibulectomy, and resection of the skull base and left neck dissection and was staged as pT4bN0, with negative margins and vascular invasion. The patient underwent radiation therapy and at 6- month follow up was alive and healthy. Clinically and histologically CAMSG overlaps with tumors of both salivary and non-salivary gland origin.

Conclusion
Recognition of CAMSG as a distinct entity will help in accurate diagnosis and categorization in the WHO classification of SGNs.
Pulmonary Capillaritis: The Breakdown of the Histologic Features
Authors: Gupta A , Fatemi A , Ducatman B , Khayyata S , Iftikhar H , Nair G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Capillary inflammation (capillaritis) is rarely the primary pathologic cause of pulmonary hemorrhage. It may coexist with vasculitis. The aim of this study is to investigate the specificity of five histologic features of pulmonary capillaritis previously described by Mark and Ramirez (discussed below). They are usually treated with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide or azathioprine.

Methods
A retrospective review of patients with a pathologic diagnosis of capillaritis in open lung biopsies was done. The diagnosis was confirmed by two expert pulmonary pathologists. The slides were reviewed and compared to a control group, who also underwent open lung biopsies for clinical suggestion of pulmonary hemorrhage and no pathologic diagnosis of capillaritis. Cases with malignant neoplasms, large and medium size vasculitis syndromes, and diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) were excluded. The five pathologic features of capillaritis were evaluated and scored as negative (0), focal (1+) and moderate to diffuse (2+) in both groups.

Results
Five cases of pulmonary capillaritis and five cases in control group were identified. The etiology of pulmonary capillaritis in the five identified cases included autoimmune diseases, pulmonary hypertension, non-specific interstitial pneumonia, and idiopathic capillaritis. The average score for the morphologic features of capillaritis versus the control group were as follows: Interstitial erythrocytes and/or hemosiderin (2+ vs 2+), fibrinoid necrosis of capillary walls (2+vs 0), intraalveolar septal capillary occlusion by fibrin thrombi (1+ vs 0), neutrophils and nuclear dust in the interstitium, in the fibrin, and in the adjacent alveolar spaces (2+ vs 1+), and fibrin clots attached to interalveolar septa in a sessile manner (2+ vs 1+).

Conclusion
In this small study, we can conclude that fibrinous necrosis is the most specific finding for pulmonary capillaritis while interstitial erythrocytes and/or hemosiderin is least specific. Therefore, in the presence of fibrinous necrosis; in addition to other supporting features; a pathologist is more inclined to communicate a diagnosis of pulmonary capillaritis to the clinicians.