bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptations to thermal stress in social insects: recent advances and future directions
Authors: Perez Rémy , Aron Serge 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThermal stress is a major driver of population declines and extinctions. Shifts in thermal regimes create new environmental conditions, leading to trait adaptation, population migration, and/or species extinction. Extensive research has examined thermal adaptations in terrestrial arthropods. However, little is known about social insects, despite their major role in ecosystems. It is only within the last few years that the adaptations of social insects to thermal stress have received attention. Herein, we discuss what is currently known about thermal tolerance and thermal adaptation in social insects – namely ants, termites, social bees, and social wasps. We describe the behavioural, morphological, physiological, and molecular adaptations that social insects have evolved to cope with thermal stress. We examine individual and collective responses to both temporary and persistent changes in thermal conditions and explore the extent to which individuals can exploit genetic variability to acclimatise. Finally, we consider the costs and benefits of sociality in the face of thermal stress, and we propose some future research directions that should advance our knowledge of individual and collective thermal adaptations in social insects.
Corrigendum: Shear adhesive performance of leaf‐cutting ant workers (Atta cephalotes)
Authors: Stark Alyssa Y. , Davis Hayden R. , Harrison William K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn our previous article, Shear adhesive performance of leaf‐cutting ant workers (Atta cephalotes), a technical error occurred when calculating shear adhesive performance divided by tarsal pad area of worker ants carrying leaves (Stark, A. Y., Davis, H. R., & Harrison, W. K. (2019). Biotropica, 51(4), 572–580). Shear adhesive performance of worker ants carrying leaves was mistakenly divided by the tarsal pad area of workers riding on leaves. This has slightly changed our results. After correcting for this error, there is now no statistically significant difference in shear adhesive performance divided by tarsal pad area of worker ants riding on leaves and those carrying leaves. Shear adhesive performance of these groups remains statistically different than soldiers, and our original results (shear adhesive performance of all three groups differ from one another) are consistent with the reported trend in the original article using true pad area for each individual (rather than estimated). We list below the pages and figures in the original article that this correction applies to. All authors agree with this change, apologize for their error, and appreciate the opportunity granted by the editors and publisher to make this correction. Our original conclusion, that there is variation in shear adhesive performance per unit area among worker roles of Atta cephalotes, is still supported by these corrected results.
Dental sealants and restorative treatment for first molars among Medicaid enrollees
Authors: Okunseri Christopher E. , Hodgson Brian , Okunseri Elaye , Garcia Raul , Visotcky Alex , Szabo Aniko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the association between dental sealant placement and subsequent restorative treatment of permanent first molars over time.MethodsWe analysed Wisconsin Medicaid claims data from 2001 to 2009 for children aged 6‐16 years. Children entered the study cohort at age 6 and were censored if Medicaid eligibility was lost for >31 days. A fixed effects analysis via a Cox proportional hazards model, stratified by individual, was used to estimate the time‐averaged and time‐dependent effects of sealant placement on dental treatment defined as any restorative, endodontic or surgical procedure.ResultsA total of 185,262 children with permanent first molars who turned 6 years enrolled in Medicaid were examined. Sealant placement was higher for teeth #16 and 26 (5.42 and 5.46 per 100 person‐years (100PY), versus 5.29 and 5.31/100PY for #36 and 46, respectively. The average rate for restorative treatments had the opposite pattern, with lower rate for teeth #16 and 26 (1.78 and 1.72/100PY) versus teeth #36 and 46 (2.14 and 2.12/100PY), respectively. In the fixed effects regression model, the hazard of dental treatment was substantially lower after sealant placement on a tooth, with time‐averaged hazard ratio HR = 0.23 (95% CI 0.21‐0.25, P < .001) versus before sealant. The largest effect was in the first year after sealant placement (HR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.11‐0.14), which decreased over time (HR = 0.50, 0.59 and 0.74 in years 2, 3 and 4, respectively), and was not statistically significant in later years.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that permanent first molar sealant placement delayed subsequent dental treatments in children enrolled in Medicaid.
Longitudinal changes in plasma sex hormone concentrations correlate with changes in CT‐measured regional adiposity among Japanese American men over 10 years
Authors: Dinh Kathryn T. , Amory John K. , Matsumoto Alvin M. , Marck Brett T. , Fujimoto Wilfred Y. , Leonetti Donna L. , Boyko Edward J. , Page Stephanie T. , Rubinow Katya B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveAgeing in male adults is typically accompanied by adiposity accumulation and changes in circulating sex hormone concentrations. We hypothesized that an ageing‐associated increase in oestrogens and decrease in androgens would correlate with an increase in adiposity.Design10‐year prospective, observational study.Study subjectsA total of 190, community‐dwelling men in the Japanese American Community Diabetes Study.MeasurementsAt 0 and 10 years, CT scanning quantified intra‐abdominal fat (IAF) and subcutaneous fat (SCF) areas while plasma concentrations of oestradiol, oestrone, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem‐mass spectrometry at each time point. Multivariate linear regression analyses assessed correlations between 10‐year changes in hormone concentrations and IAF or SCF, adjusting for age and baseline fat depot area.ResultsParticipants were middle‐aged [median 54.8 years, interquartile range (IQR) 39.9‐62.8] men and mostly overweight by Asian criterion (median BMI 24.9, IQR 23.3‐27.1) and with few exceptions had normal sex‐steroid concentrations. Median oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone did not change significantly between 0 and 10 years (P = .084 and P = .596, respectively) while median oestrone increased (P < .001) and testosterone decreased (P < .001). Median IAF and SCF increased from 0 to 10 years (both P < .001). In multivariate analyses, change in oestrone positively correlated (P = .019) while change in testosterone (P = .003) and dihydrotestosterone (P = .014) negatively correlated with change in IAF. Plasma oestradiol and oestrone positively correlated with change in SCF (P = .041 and P = .030, respectively) while testosterone (P = .031) negatively correlated in multivariate analysis.ConclusionAmong 190 community‐dwelling, Japanese American men, increases in IAF were associated with decreases in plasma androgens and increases in plasma oestrone, but not oestradiol, at 10 years. Further research is necessary to understand whether changing hormone concentrations are causally related to changes in regional adiposity or whether the reverse is true.
Heart transplantation in the era of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: Is it safe and feasible?
Authors: Esmailian Gabriel , Kobashigawa Jon A. , Nishihara Keith , Patel Jignesh K. , Czer Lawrence , Megna Dominick , Emerson Dominic , Ramzy Danny , Trento Alfredo , Chikwe Joanna , Esmailian Fardad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs the SARS‐CoV‐2–pandemic continues to unfold, the number of heart transplants completed in the United States has been declining steadily. The current case series examines the immediate short‐term outcomes of seven heart transplant recipients transplanted during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. We hope to illustrate that with proper preparation, planning, and testing, heart transplantation can be continued during a pandemic. We assessed 7 patients transplanted from March 4, 2020, to April 15, 2020. The following endpoints were noted: in‐hospital survival, in‐hospital freedom from rejection, in‐hospital nonfatal major cardiac adverse events (NF‐MACE), severe primary graft dysfunction, hospital length of stay, and ICU length of stay. There were no expirations throughout the hospital admission. In addition, there were no patients with NF‐MACE or treated rejection, and 1 patient developed severe primary graft dysfunction. Average length of stay was 17.2 days with a standard deviation of 5.9 days. ICU length of stay was 7.7 days with a standard deviation of 2.3 days. Despite the decreasing trend in completed heart transplants due to SARS‐CoV‐2, heart transplantation appears to be feasible in the immediate short term. Further follow‐up is needed, however, to assess the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 on post–heart transplant outcomes months after transplantation.
Evaluation of cytopathological screening results and risk factors of women who underwent Papanicolaou test in a maternity school in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Tavares Maria do Carmo , Nicol Alcina F. , Yokobatake Elizabeth Ribeiro , Melo Mayara Magna Lima , Vitoriano Bruna Ferreira , Carvalho‐Costa Filipe Anibal , Martinelli Katrini Guidolini , de Paula Vanessa Salete 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionPapanicolaou test (Pap smear) is the standard screening test of pre‐neoplastic lesions and cervical cancer. This study aimed to investigate cervical cancer screening results and risk factors such as age, reason for the examination, the epithelia detected in the sample, microbiota and signs of sexually transmitted infection (STIs) of women in a maternity school in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, data were retrieved of 353 women who underwent Pap smear between April 2016 and January 2017 at the Federal University of Ceará.ResultsOf all Pap smear samples retrieved, 54.1% (191/353) had glandular epithelium and 40.2% (142/353) had metaplastic epithelium. After statistical analyses adjusted for the final model, age ≥51 years (odds ratio = 3.47) and signs of STIs (odds ratio = 4.95) remained as risk factors.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of high‐grade lesions and carcinomas in patients older than 50 years indicates a deficiency in cervical screening. Women with signs and symptoms of STIs and candidiasis sought medical services more frequently than asymptomatic women, and presence of these signs and symptoms contributes to the diagnosis of cervical cancer. We highlight the importance of obtaining a correct smear sampling to allow prompt detection of all preneoplastic lesions; moreover, the implementation of human papillomavirus vaccination and an efficient routine Pap screening are necessary in low‐resource settings.
‘Extreme personal stress’ and ‘a lot of pain’: Exploring the physical, mental and social contexts of extramedical pharmaceutical opioid use in Australian paramedic case descriptions
Authors: Wilson James , Lam Tina , Scott Debbie , Crossin Rose , Matthews Sharon , Smith Karen , Lubman Dan I. , Nielsen Suzanne 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsDespite growing concerns over the extramedical use of pharmaceutical opioids, few studies have focused on the contexts that shape this use or how it might lead to harm. There is also limited research examining how contexts might vary across different opioids, such as those with well‐established abuse liabilities (e.g. oxycodone) and newer ‘atypical’ opioids (e.g. tapentadol). We aimed to address these gaps.Design and MethodsWe analysed Australian paramedic case descriptions for tapentadol cases (n = 82) and a representative sample of oxycodone cases (n = 82) from a 6‐year period (2013–2018). We used framework analysis to identify ‘contexts’ shaping extramedical use from cases where use of tapentadol or oxycodone was assessed to have significantly contributed to the attendances.ResultsDemographically, case descriptions from both drug types were broadly similar (approximately 55% female, 44% were 35–54 years old), as were the contextual factors. The most prevalent contexts common to both oxycodone and tapentadol cases were psychological distress, physical pain and social stressors. Suicidal intent was present across multiple contexts.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study is one of the first to explore the contexts of extramedical pharmaceutical opioid use leading to acute harm. Our analysis found patients in complex, emergency situations, seeking rapid relief from physical pain, psychological distress, social issues and/or suicidal thoughts. These data highlight the complex needs of those experiencing harm from extramedical pharmaceutical opioid use, regardless of opioid type, and the importance of contextual factors shaping both use and subsequent harm.
Characteristics of diabetes medication‐taking in people with mild to moderate intellectual disability compared to those without: a mixed‐methods study
Authors: Paterson R. E. , Taggart L. , Hoyle L. , Brown M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the frequency and factors associated with diabetes medication‐taking (depression, perceived side effects, self‐efficacy and social support) in people with mild to moderate intellectual disability and those without intellectual disability.MethodsIn stage 1 of this study, we collated information on diabetes medication‐taking and associated factors in 111 people with diabetes: 33 adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability and 78 adults without intellectual disability. Validated instruments measuring medicine‐taking, self efficacy, depressive symptoms, perceived level of social support and perceived side effects were administered in both groups. In stage 2, we used an abductive qualitative approach to triangulate stage 1 findings with carers responses (n = 12).ResultsThe instruments showed good internal reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.7–0.9). Comparisons between people with intellectual disabilities and those without revealed similar frequency of medication‐taking (70% vs 62%; P = 0.41). People with intellectual disabilities and diabetes had significantly higher depressive symptoms, as measured by the Glasgow Depression Scale for people with a Learning Disability (P = 0.04), higher levels of perceived side effects (P = 0.01), and lower confidence levels, as measured by the Perceived Confidence Scale (P = 0.01). The results of stage 2 showed how carers of people with intellectual disabilities and diabetes optimized medication‐taking yet infrequently discussed the side effects of medicines.ConclusionsFurther investigation of medication‐taking and side effects may result in the development of an evidence‐informed intervention to improve medicines safety in people with intellectual disabilities.
Can melatonin and its metabolites boost the efficacy of targeted therapy in patients with advanced melanoma?
Authors: Kleszczyński Konrad , Böhm Markus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite groundbreaking new treatments such as checkpoint inhibition and targeted therapy, the overall response and survival rates are limited in patients with metastatic melanoma. Here, we hypothesize that melatonin and its metabolites could be promising boosters of the efficacy of BRAF/MEK inhibitors in patients with advanced melanoma. Melatonin, a well‐known endogenous synchronizer of the circadian biorhythm has a variety of promising effects for melanoma biology. It regulates proliferation, apoptosis and oxidative phosphorylation via melatonin receptors, and receptor‐independent pathways due to its lipophilicity. By means of interfering with the above cellular pathways, melatonin and related compounds may alter the cAMP‐PKA‐MITF axis, modulate tumor cell metabolism, affect MAPK signalling pathway thereby enhancing the suppressive effect of BRAF/MEK inhibitors on melanoma cell growth, and survival. Such findings could fuel preclinical studies and clinical studies where melatonin or its metabolites are combined with targeted therapy to better treat patients with metastatic melanoma.
Study of crack arrest mechanism and dynamic behaviour using arc‐bottom specimen under impacts
Authors: Lang Lin , Zhu Zheming , Deng Shuai , Niu Caoyuan , Wan Duanying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a large size trapezoidal open crack with arc‐bottom (TOCAB) configuration specimen was proposed. Experiments were carried out using 0°, 60°, 90° and 120° TOCAB specimens under drop weight impacts with loading rate from 150 to 350 GPa/s. The crack length and crack speed were calculated by using fractal method. It shows that the crack speed corrected by fractal method is more than 12% the original speed calculated using the straight length. The AUTODYN code was employed to simulate crack propagation path and crack speed. The dynamic stress intensity factors (DSIFs) were calculated using ABAQUS code. The experimental and numerical results show that all the three TOCAB specimens have arresting function on running cracks; crack propagation velocity increases with loading rates; the critical DSIFs at initiation are higher than those at propagation. The study presents how to arrest a running crack and how to protect significant structures from being completely damaged.
Seagrass losses since mid‐20th century fuelled CO2 emissions from soil carbon stocks
Authors: Salinas Cristian , Duarte Carlos M. , Lavery Paul S. , Masque Pere , Arias‐Ortiz Ariane , Leon Javier X. , Callaghan David , Kendrick Gary A. , Serrano Oscar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeagrass meadows store globally significant organic carbon (Corg) stocks which, if disturbed, can lead to CO2 emissions, contributing to climate change. Eutrophication and thermal stress continue to be a major cause of seagrass decline worldwide, but the associated CO2 emissions remain poorly understood. This study presents comprehensive estimates of seagrass soil Corg erosion following eutrophication‐driven seagrass loss in Cockburn Sound (23 km2 between 1960s and 1990s) and identifies the main drivers. We estimate that shallow seagrass meadows (<5 m depth) had significantly higher Corg stocks in 50 cm thick soils (4.5 ± 0.7 kg Corg/m2) than previously vegetated counterparts (0.5 ± 0.1 kg Corg/m2). In deeper areas (>5 m), however, soil Corg stocks in seagrass and bare but previously vegetated areas were not significantly different (2.6 ± 0.3 and 3.0 ± 0.6 kg Corg/m2, respectively). The soil Corg sequestration capacity prevailed in shallow and deep vegetated areas (55 ± 11 and 21 ± 7 g Corg m−2 year−1, respectively), but was lost in bare areas. We identified that seagrass canopy loss alone does not necessarily drive changes in soil Corg but, when combined with high hydrodynamic energy, significant erosion occurred. Our estimates point at ~0.20 m/s as the critical shear velocity threshold causing soil Corg erosion. We estimate, from field studies and satellite imagery, that soil Corg erosion (within the top 50 cm) following seagrass loss likely resulted in cumulative emissions of 0.06–0.14 Tg CO2‐eq over the last 40 years in Cockburn Sound. We estimated that indirect impacts (i.e. eutrophication, thermal stress and light stress) causing the loss of ~161,150 ha of seagrasses in Australia, likely resulted in the release of 11–21 Tg CO2‐eq since the 1950s, increasing cumulative CO2 emissions from land‐use change in Australia by 1.1%–2.3% per annum. The patterns described serve as a baseline to estimate potential CO2 emissions following disturbance of seagrass meadows.
Immunohistological expression of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, mammaglobin, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and GATA‐binding protein 3 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Kriegsmann Katharina , Zgorzelski Christiane , Muley Thomas , Christopoulos Petros , von Winterfeld Moritz , Herpel Esther , Goeppert Benjamin , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Sinn Peter , Stenzinger Albrecht , Schirmacher Peter , Winter Hauke , Eichinger Monika , Warth Arne , Kriegsmann Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsNon‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and breast cancer are common entities. Staining for oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), mammaglobin (MAMG) and GATA‐binding protein 3 (GATA3) is frequently performed to confirm a mammary origin in the appropriate diagnostic setting. However, comprehensive data on the immunohistological expression of these markers in NSCLC are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse a large cohort of NSCLCs and correlate the staining results with clinicopathological variables.Methods and resultsA tissue microarray was stained for ER, PgR, MAMG, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and GATA3, and included 636 adenocarcinomas (ADCs), 536 squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs), 65 large‐cell‐carcinomas, 34 pleomorphic carcinomas, and 20 large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. HER2 status was determined for immunohistochemically positive cases with chromogenic in‐situ hybridisation. Markers with a proportion of ≥5% positive cases in ADC and SqCC were considered for survival analysis. Among ADCs, 62 (10%), 17 (3%), one (<1%), seven (1%), and 49 (8%) cases were positive for ER, PgR, MAMG, HER2, and GATA3, respectively. Among SqCCs, 10 (2%), 14 (3%), two (<1%) and 109 (20%) cases were positive for ER, PgR, HER2, and GATA3, but none of the samples showed positivity for MAMG. ER positivity was associated with ADC, female sex, smaller tumour size, and lower clinical stage. None of the markers had an impact on survival.ConclusionWe report on ER, PgR, MAMG, HER2 and GATA3 expression in a large cohort of NSCLCs. Interpretation of these markers in the differential diagnostic setting should be based on a multimarker panel.
Beyond plug and play: The acquisition and meaning of vibrators in heterosexual relationships
Authors: Mayr Cornelia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article presents an exploration into women's purchasing of vibrators and how they negotiate the meaning of these sex toys with their partners' preferences and attitudes. Drawing on semi‐structured interviews with 32 female consumers, the study identifies ways in which emotional, transformative and contextual aspects of meaning revolve around choosing, buying and using vibrators in heterosexual relationships. In analysing such experiences, the article points to the potential of vibrators to become imbued with notions of desire, maintenance, privacy and preference. Overall, this research draws attention to salient and nonsalient meanings attached to vibrators that constitute the sex toys' significance beyond simply functional elements. The paper enriches research on consumer behaviour and vibrator use in sexual relationships and proposes an understanding of object relations grounded in the intimate spheres of consumer studies.
Influences of chitosan on freeze–thaw stability of Arenga pinnata starch
Authors: Mei Jiang‐Yang , Huang Ting , Bai Cong‐Hao , Fu Zhen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate chitosan (CS) with five different molecular weight (Mw) on freeze–thaw stability of Arenga pinnata starch (APS) gel subjected to five freeze–thaw cycles (FTC). The syneresis of APS gels was reduced by adding CS and the APS gel with high Mw CS had lower syneresis duo to a higher water holding capacity (P < 0.05). The addition of CS significantly decreased the hardness and molecular ordered structure of APS gel. In addition, CS could improve the microstructural stability. The results suggested that CS could effectively improve the freeze–thaw stability of APS gel, and CS with higher Mw might have more practical utility to improve stability of APS gel.