bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global, regional, and national prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Minmin , Chen Tao , Hua Zhongqiu , Yan Hong , Wang Duolao , Li Zhaoqing , Kang Yijun , Zhu Ni , Li Chao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background：Both TB and DM are major global public health problem. We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of diabetes mellitus in population with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods：We assessed observational studies of diabetes mellitus in people with pulmonary tuberculosis, using PubMed and Embase electronic bibliographic databases in English language, to identify articles published until August 31, 2018. We included original research that reported the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in pulmonary tuberculosis or had enough data to compute these estimates. Studies were excluded if they did not provide primary data or were case studies and reviews. 2 authors independent extraction of articles and collected detailed information using predefined questionnaire. The country-specific random-effects meta-analyses for countries with two or more available studies and a fractional response regression model to predict individual studies prevalence of diabetes mellitus in pulmonary tuberculosis for countries with one or no study. The study is registered with PROSPERO, registration number CRD42018101989.Results. We identified 18042 studies, and 127 were retained for data extraction across 46 countries. The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were estimated to be 12.07% (95%CI: 10.43-14.85). The prevalence was 13.38% (95%CI: 11.16-16.05) in region of Americas, 13.34% (95%CI: 12.82-14.61) in European region, 12.68% (95%CI: 9.15-16.37) in South-East Asia, 12.56% (95%CI: 11.79-22.70) in Western Pacific region, 10.95% (95%CI: 9.04-17.83) in Eastern Mediterranean region and 7.54% (95%CI: 6.51-8.77) in African region. The country with the highest estimated prevalence was Mauritius (39.65%, 95%CI: 4.22-90.74).Conclusion: Pulmonary tuberculosis combined diabetes mellitus is still prevalent.
The Common European Mosquitoes Culex Pipiens and Aedes Albopictus Are Unable to Transmit SARS-CoV-2, After a Natural-mimicking Challenge With Infected Blood
Authors: Fortuna Claudia , Montarsi Fabrizio , Severini Francesco , Marsili Giulia , Toma Luciano , Amendola Antonello , Bertola Michela , Michelutti Alice , Ravagnan Silvia , Capelli Gioia , Rezza Giovanni , Luca Marco Di 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundOn March 11 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. As the mosquito season progressed, the understandable concern that such insects could transmit the virus began to spread. In response to this request, the vector competence for SARS-CoV-2 of Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus, the two most common species of vector mosquitoes in Europe, was investigated. Due to the peculiar feeding behaviour, the role of Aedes albopictus in a potential mechanical transmission of the virus was also evaluated. MethodsFor the vector competence study, mosquitoes were allowed to take up an infectious blood meal. Mosquitoes were collected and analysed at 0, 3, 7 and 10 days post-feeding. For the mechanical transmission test Ae. albopictus females were allowed to feed for a short time on a feeder containing infectious blood and then on a feeder containing virus-free blood. Mosquitoes and blood were tested for viral presence.ResultsCx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus tested resulted not competent for SARS-CoV-2 and Ae. albopictus was unable to mechanically transmit the virus. Conclusions﻿This study shows that the most common species of vector mosquitoes in Europe don’t transmit SARS-CoV-2 and, for the first time, that Ae. albopictus is unable to mechanically transmit the virus by feeding from a positive host to a healthy host.
Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Collected From Hainan Island, China
Authors: Lu Miao , Tang Guangpeng , Bai Xiaosong , Qin Xincheng , Guo Wenping , Li Kun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundKinds of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and protozoa are transmitted by ticks as vectors, and they have deeply impact on human and animal health worldwide. MethodsTo better understand the genetic diversity of bacteria and protozoans carried by ticks in Chengmai county of Hainan province, China, 285 adult hard ticks belonging to two species (Rhipicephalus sanguineus: 183, 64.21% and R. microplus: 102, 35.79%) from dogs, cattle, and goats were colleted. Rickettsiales bacteria, Coxiellaceae bacteria, Babesiidae, and Hepatozoidae were identified in these ticks by amplifying the 18S rRNA, 16S rRNA (rrs), citrate synthase (gltA), and heat shock protein (groEL) genes. ResultsOur data revealed the presence of four recognized species and two Candidatus spp. of Anaplasmataceae and Coxiellaceae in locality. ConclusionsIn sum, these data reveal an extensive diversity of Anaplasmataceae bacteria, Coxiellaceae bacteria, Babesiidae, and Hepatozoidae in ticks from Chengmai county, highlighting the need to understand the tick-borne pathogen infection in local animals and humans.
Surgery in Congenital Lung Malformations: The Evolution From Thoracotomy to Minimally Invasive Surgery, 10-year Experience in a Single Center
Authors: Ceylan Kenan Can , Batıhan Güntuğ , ÜÇVET Ahmet , Gürsoy Soner 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCongenital lung malformation is an umbrella term and consist of various kind of parenchymal and mediastinal pathologies. Surgical intervention is often necessary for diagnosis and treatment for these pathologies. We aimed to review our experience in surgical treatment for congenital lung disease and present the role of minimally invasive surgery. Methods From January 2009 to May 2019, a total of 94 patients fitted the criteria for inclusion in this retrospective study. We investigated the clinical results obtained retrospectively.Results There were no significant differences between pathological subtypes in the postoperative length of hospital stay and drainage duration. There wasn't a significant difference between VATS and thoracotomy group in perioperative complicationsConclusions Congenital lung malformations consist of a heterogeneous group of diseases and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery should be considered as the first choice in the surgical treatment of these patients.
Radical treatment of severe open fractures of extremities by orthoplastic surgery: a 10-year retrospective study
Authors: Yang Zhao , Xu Chao , Zhu Yong-Gang , Li Jun , Wu Zi-Xiang , Zou Ji-Wei , Xue Bao-Bao , Miao Dan-Min , Shang Lei , Zhao Guang-Yue 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Orthoplastic treatment based on the collaboration of orthopedic and plastic surgeons in an “orthoplastic” central unit has been recommended by the British Association of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. However, this approach is not used worldwide especially in most developing countries. Based on the aggressive orthoplastic management, orthoplastic experience with Chinese characteristics has been carried out in last 10 years. The clinical data of 41 consecutive patients with severe open fracture (Gustilo IIIb or IIIc) of the limb, who underwent successful surgical debridement, fixation, and soft tissue reconstruction in one stage between January 2008 and April 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative indicators, including infection rate and union time, were acquired by a regular follow-up and analyzed. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 38±16 years. The soft tissue cover was achieved within 72 h. The overall rate of infection was 14.6% (6/41). Sex and the Mangled Extremity Severity Score were associated with infection. The median union time of 40 patients (one amputation) was 32 weeks. The overall rate of infection exhibited a lower tendency in this study. These results indicated that the single-stage radical orthoplastic treatment was an effective and reliable option for reconstructing severe open fractures.
Hydrochemistry of sediment pore water in the Bratsk reservoir (Baikal region, Russia)
Authors: Poletaeva Vera , Tirskikh Elvira , Pastukhov Mikhail 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study was aimed at identifying the processes responsible for the major ion composition of pore water from the bottom sediments of the Bratsk water reservoir, which is a part of the largest freshwater Baikal-Angara water system. The pore water ionic composition varies both along the sediment depth profile and across the water area. In pore water, the difference between the highest and lowest values is remarkably large: 5.1 times for K+, 13 times for Mg2+, 16 times for HCO3-, 20 times for Ca2+, 23 times for Na+, 80 times for SO42-, 105 times for Cl-. Such a variability suggests that the dominant factors, influencing pore water chemistry, depend on the location. At the first stages of the sedimentation process, the chemistry of the pore water in the Bratsk reservoir is dependent on HCO3-Ca of the overlying water. Later on, due to the interaction with the sedimentary terrigenous material, they changed to SO4, SO4-HCO3, HCO3-SO4, HCO3-Cl-SO4-water types with exchangeable cations, mainly Ca. Some of pore waters may have a complex genesis associated with subaqueous groundwater discharge. The change in the redox potential observed in the pore water is the indicator of early-diagenetic transformations taking place in bottom sediments.
Association of Sex with the Global Burden of Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhou Jiayue , Tang Xiajing , Yu Xiaoning , Shentu Xingchao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the third leading cause of blindness and affects approximately 196 million people. This study aims to explore the association of sex with the global burden of AMD by year, age, and socioeconomic status using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).Methods: Global, national sex-specific DALY numbers, crude DALY rates, and age-standardized DALY rates caused by AMD, by year and age, were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The human development index (HDI) in 2017 was extracted as an indicator of national socioeconomic status from the Human Development Report 2018 (HDR 2018). Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the association between socioeconomic status and sex inequality of AMD.Results: Differences in the sex-specific global burden of AMD have persisted since 1990 to 2017. Female individuals had higher burden than male individuals of the same age in 2017, and the differences gradually increased after 55 years and maximized at 80 years or older with 105.41 DALYs rates in female vs 81.00 DALYs rates in male. The paired Wilcoxon signed rank test indicated that female had higher age-standardized DALY rates than male had (Z = -6.520, P < 0.001) and countries with lower HDI values had higher age-standardized DALY rates among both sexes. DALY rate ratio and sex differences in age-standardized DALY rates were positively associated with HDI in both Pearson correlation analyses and linear regression analyses of AMD. (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Although global blindness and vision impairment health care is progressing, sex inequality in AMD burden remained persistent since the past few decades. These findings might raise more public attention to the gender differences in global AMD burden and the association between the sex-related global burden and socioeconomic status.
A Case Report of Isolated Pigmentosus Atrophic Lichen Planus on the Supramaxillary Area: A New Variant ？
Authors: Liu Ningyuan , Zhao Ruiheng , Su Danni , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) and atrophic lichen planus (ALP) are two rare subtypes of Lichen Planus（LP）, the former is characterized by epidermal atrophy and the latter by over pigmentation. LP with both of the above manifestations has few reports and there is a lack of treatment experience. Case presentation: We herein reported a 22-year old girl with a complaint of a sharply edged brown plaque on the supramaxillary area with pain and itchy for 6 months. The skin biopsy sample from the forehead revealed thinning of epidermal ridges, liquefaction degeneration of basal cells, loss of cuticular process, lichenoid lymphocytic infiltration and incontinence of pigment as well as numerous melanophages. It was diagnosed as atrophic Lichen planus pigmentosus (ALPP), and the plaque was completely cleared after 10 months of Alternating topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors. Discussion and Conclusions: ALPP might be an independent variant of LP or LPP that causes significant epidermal atrophy in the degenerative phase. This case revealed the special type of LP and provided a clinical reference for the treatment.
Effect of Add-on Hydroxychloroquine Therapy on Serum Proinflammatory Factor Levels in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With or Without Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Wakiya Risa , Ueeda Kiyo , Nakashima Shusaku , Shimada Hiromi , Kameda Tomohiro , Mansour Mai Mahmoud Fahmy , Kato Mikiya , Sugihara Koichi , Ushio Yusuke , Kadowaki Norimitsu , Dobashi Hiroaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: We investigated the effects of add-on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) therapy on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and other factors in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with low disease activity.Methods: Patients who had low disease activity of at least 3 months duration were included. Patients with a history of lupus nephritis (LN+) must have been in remission for at least 3 months prior to enrollment. Serum levels of interferon interferon-α, S100A8, S100A9, tumor necrosis factor(TNF) -α, interleukin(IL)-2, IL-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, IL-1β, Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist(IL-1ra), and Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor were measured immediately before and 3 months after treatment with oral HCQ treatment.Results: Of the 42 patients enrolled in the study (4 males, 38 females, mean age ± standard deviation age 41.4±13.3 years), 19 patients had a history of lupus nephritis but were currently in remission (LN+), and the remaining 23 patients had no history of LN (LN−). Serum levels of IL-1ra, S100A8, and S100A9 at baseline were significantly higher in the LN+ group compared with the LN− group (p=0.0092, p=0.012, and p=0.0043, respectively). In the full cohort, HCQ treatment led to significantly reduced serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, VEGF-A, IL-1ra, IL-2, S100A8, and S100A9, and to decreased, albeit not significantly, levels of IL-8 and MIP-1α. The HCQ-induced changes in serum IL-8, IL-1ra, S100A8, and S100A9 levels were greater for patients in the LN+ group than those in the LN−group (p=0.0039, p=0.0011, p=0.0201, and p=0.0092, respectively). Conclusion: Add-on HCQ treatment decreased several proinflammatory cytokines levels in SLE patients with low disease activity, especially those with LN. The ability of HCQ to reduce IL-8 levels in patients with a history of LN suggests that HCQ treatment may improve the prognosis of LN.
Tactile Cortical Responses and Association with Tactile Sensitivity in Young Children on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Espenhahn Svenja , Godfrey Kate J. , Kaur Sakshi , Ross Maia , McMorris Carly , Cortese Filomeno , Wright Charlene , Murias Kara , Dewey Deborah , Protzner Andrea B. , McCrimmon Adam , Bray Signe , Harris Ashley D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Unusual responses to sensory stimuli are frequently reported in individuals on the autism spectrum (AS). Despite the early emergence of sensory features (<age 3) and their potential impact on development and quality of life, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying sensory sensitivities in early childhood autism. Methods: Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate tactile cortical processing in young children aged 3-6 years with autism and in neurotypical (NT) children. Scalp EEG was recorded from 33 children with autism, including those with low cognitive and/or verbal abilities, and 45 age- and sex-matched NT children during passive tactile fingertip stimulation. We compared properties of early and later somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) and their adaptation with repetitive stimulation between autistic and NT children and assessed whether these neural measures are linked to “real-world” parent-reported behavioral tactile sensitivity.Results: As expected, we found elevated behavioral tactile sensitivity in children on the autism spectrum. Our findings indicated no differences in amplitude or latency of early and mid-latency somatosensory-evoked potentials (P50, N80, P100), nor adaptation between autistic and NT children. However, latency of later processing of tactile information (N140) differed between young children with and without autism, suggesting faster processing speed in young autistic children. Further, correlational analyses and exploratory analyses using tactile phenotype as a grouping variable found that enhanced early neural responses were associated with greater behavioral tactile sensitivity in autism. Limitations: The relatively small sample size and the inclusion of a broad range of autistic children (e.g., with low cognitive and/or verbal abilities) may have limited our power to detect subtle group differences and associations. Hence, replications are needed to verify these results.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that electrophysiological somatosensory cortex processing measures may be indices of “real-world” tactile sensitivity in early childhood autism. Together, these findings advance our understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying tactile sensitivity in early childhood autism and, in the clinical context, may have therapeutic implications.
Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cell, thermodynamic and
kinetic aspects
Authors: Dan Dan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The field of electrochemistry can be defined as the set of physical and chemical phenomena involved by the passage of an electric current in an ionic conductor. These phenomena involve the use of electrodes characterized by at least one interface common to two conductors of different nature. They manifest themselves in various ways in electrochemical reactors made up of two electronic conductors or electrodes separated by an ionic conductive medium. After having defined the main phenomena involved in the flow of current, the article presents the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of electrochemistry (electrochemical cell). The main industrial applications of electrochemistry are briefly presented.
The Importance of Choosing the Right Strategy to Treat Small Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix: A Comparative Analysis of Treatments
Authors: Kawamura Mariko , Koide Yutaro , Murai Taro , Ishihara Shunichi , Takase Yuuki , Murao Takayuki , Okazaki Dai , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Uchiyama Kaoru , Itoh Yoshiyuki , Kodaira Takeshi , Shibamoto Yuta , Mizuno Mika , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Naganawa Shinji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Standard treatments for small cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC) is unclear. We aimed to estimate the optimal treatment strategy for SCCC. Methods: This was a multicentre retrospective study. Medical records of patients with pathologically proven SCCC treated between 2003 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Overall survival (OS) was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test and cox regression model were used to assess the differences in survival due to the stage, treatment strategy, and chemotherapy regimen. Results: Seventy-seven patients were evaluated. Their median age was 47 (range: 24-83) years. The number of patients with stage I, II, III, and IV, as defined according to the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), was 28, 9, 24, and 16, respectively. Of 64 patients who had undergone chemotherapy, 43 received a small cell carcinoma regimen and 21 received a non-small cell carcinoma regimen as their first-line chemotherapy regimen. The 5-year OS for all patients was 51%. The 5-year OS rates for the patients with UICC stage I, II, III, and IV were 61%, 76%, 54%, and 18%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates for patients who underwent treatments with a small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma regimen were 62% and 15% (p<0.001), respectively. This trend was observed in all UICC stages, except in stage I. Multivariate analysis showed that presence of metastasis was a significant prognostic factor in all the patients. Application of surgery was not a significant prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. The 5-year OS was similar in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and surgery group if CCRT with small cell carcinoma regimen was selected. Conclusion: The role of chemotherapy in stage I SCCC is unclear; however, if chemotherapy is applicable, SCCC patients should be treated with a chemotherapy regimen used for localized small cell carcinoma.
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Recent Trend Toward Improved Survival
Authors: Huang Chi , Ji Jiuying , Qian Tao , Fei Zongqi , Ma Binge , Zeng Xiangtai , wang Jianhua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the thyroid. In this study, we summarize the survival changes of Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in recent years. Methods: Patients with Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma were selected from The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1973-2015). Survival rates were calculated and survival trends were compared among different stage, different years, under surgery and under radiotherapy or not.Results: A total of 1293 patients were enrolled in the study. The 5-year overall survival (OS) for Stage IVA, B and C were 26.6%, 11.7% and 2.5%, respectively. The 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) for the same respective stage were 43.5%, 22.3% and 4.9%. After year 1995, the CSS was further improvement (χ2=13.608, P=0.003 for log-rank test) and there was obvious improvement in survival for patients at stage IVB and stage IVC (stage IVB: χ2=12.987, P=0.005, stage IVC: χ2=21.992, P<0.001 for log-rank test). The surgery survival benefit was only observed in Stage IVB (OS: χ2=43.887, P<0.001, CSS: χ2=27.301, P<0.001 for log-rank test) and C (OS: χ2=16.399, P<0.001, CSS: χ2=12.521, P<0.001 for log-rank test). The radiotherapy OS benefit was observed in all different stage(stage IVA: χ2=7.346, P=0.007 for log-rank test, stage IVB: χ2=37.491, P<0.001 for log-rank test，stage IVC: χ2=23.208, P<0.001 for log-rank test) and the CSS benefit was observed in Stage IVB (χ2=18.717, P<0.001 for log-rank test) and C (χ2=12.615, P<0.001 for log-rank test). The median OS of patients with stage IV A receiving surgery, radiotherapy alone and the combination of the two is 4, 5 and 33 months (95% CI: 0.411-7.589, 0.000-10.500, 16.290-49.710, respectively). For Stage IVA patients, compared with the patients received surgery alone, the survival benefit was observed in patients who received surgery and radiotherapy combined (OS: χ2=6.454, P=0.011 for log-rank test). Conclusion: The 5-year cancer-specific survival for Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was improved in recent years since 1990s. Patients with local metastasis or distant metastasis could benefit from surgery and radiotherapy. For Stage IVA patients, surgery or radiotherapy alone did not improve the cancer-specific survival. Combination of surgery and radiotherapy should get survival benefit.