bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digitale Transformation im stationären Altersbereich
Authors: Seifert Alexander , Thilo Friederike J. S. 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Stationäre Altersinstitutionen durchlaufen derzeit einen digitalen Transformationsprozess, der durch die Orientierung an einer zunehmenden Digitalisierung von Arbeitsprozessen und der institutionellen Infrastruktur gekennzeichnet ist. Doch wie sieht die Vielfalt der eingesetzten technischen Lösungen in den Altersinstitutionen überhaupt aus, und wie wird der digitale Transformationsprozess von den Leitungspersonen der Institutionen bewertet?

Material und Methoden
Die Befragung erfolgte als standardisierte Onlinebefragung bei stationären Alterseinrichtungen in der gesamten Schweiz. Befragt wurden die jeweiligen Leitungspersonen. Die Stichprobe bildeten 466 Institutionen.

Ergebnisse
Etablierte Technologien, wie z. B. Fernseher, Kontakt- und Sturzmatten sowie Softwarelösungen im Verwaltungsbereich, werden fast flächendeckend eingesetzt, während Roboter zur Aktivierung der Klientel, Spielkonsolen oder telemedizinische Technologien nur sehr selten verwendet werden. Die befragten Personen sehen in der Anwendung technischer Hilfsmittel eher Vor- als Nachteile. Die größten Hindernisse, die bei der Einführung neuer Technik wahrgenommen werden, sind die damit verbundenen Kosten, fehlende Mitarbeiterkompetenzen und eine nichtvorhandene Infrastruktur. Die multivariate Analyse zeigt, dass der Digitalisierungsgrad in einer Einrichtung nicht nur von deren Größe abhängt, sondern auch von der Technikaffinität der leitenden Mitarbeitenden.

Diskussion
Der Technologisierungsgrad in Altersinstitutionen ist unterschiedlich hoch, insgesamt aber eher ernüchternd niedrig, hinsichtlich der Verwendung neuer Technologien wie der Robotik oder Telemedizin. Barrieren für die digitale Transformation wurden aus der Befragung herausgearbeitet und diskutiert.
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI): definitions, pathophysiology and imaging—a narrative review
Authors: Bruggeman Gavin F. , Haitsma Iain K. , Dirven Clemens M. F. , Volovici Victor 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionTraumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a condition defined as multiple, scattered, small hemorrhagic, and/or non-hemorrhagic lesions, alongside brain swelling, in a more confined white matter distribution on imaging studies, together with impaired axoplasmic transport, axonal swelling, and disconnection after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Ever since its description in the 1980s and the grading system by Adams et al., our understanding of the processes behind this entity has increased.MethodsWe performed a scoping systematic, narrative review by interrogating Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar on the pathophysiology, biomarkers, and diagnostic tools of TAI patients until July 2020.ResultsWe underline the misuse of the Adams classification on MRI without proper validation studies, and highlight the hiatus in the scientific literature and areas needing more research. In the past, the theory behind the pathophysiology relied on the inertial force exerted on the brain matter after severe TBI inducing a primary axotomy. This theory has now been partially abandoned in favor of a more refined theory involving biochemical processes such as protein cleavage and DNA breakdown, ultimately leading to an inflammation cascade and cell apoptosis, a process now described as secondary axotomy.ConclusionThe difference in TAI definitions makes the comparison of studies that report outcomes, treatments, and prognostic factors a daunting task. An even more difficult task is isolating the outcomes of isolated TAI from the outcomes of severe TBI in general. Targeted bench-to-bedside studies are required in order to uncover further pathways involved in the pathophysiology of TAI and, ideally, new treatments.
Biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in subsoils of temperate forest ecosystems
Authors: Rodionov Andrei , Bauke Sara L. , von Sperber Christian , Hoeschen Carmen , Kandeler Ellen , Kruse Jens , Lewandowski Hans , Marhan Sven , Mueller Carsten W. , Simon Margaux , Tamburini Federica , Uhlig David , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm , Lang Friederike , Amelung Wulf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTree roots penetrate the soil to several meters depth, but the role of subsoils for the supply of nutrient elements such as phosphorus (P) to the trees is poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that increased P deficiency in the topsoil results in an increased microbial recycling of P from the forest subsoil. We sampled soils from four German temperate forest sites representing a gradient in total P stocks. We analyzed the oxygen isotopic composition of HCl-extractable phosphate (δ18OP) and identified differences in P speciation with increasing soil depth using X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. We further determined microbial oxygen demand with and without nutrient supply at different soil depths to analyse nutrient limitation of microbial growth and used nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to visualize spatial P gradients in the rhizosphere. We found that δ18OP values in the topsoil of all sites were close to the isotopic signal imparted by biological cycling when oxygen isotopes in phosphate are exchanged by enzymatic activity. However, with increasing soil depth and increasing HCl-P concentrations, δ18Ο values continuously decreased towards values expected for primary minerals in parent material at depths below 60 cm at sites with high subsoil P stocks and below more than 2 m at sites with low subsoil P stocks, respectively. For these depths, XANES spectra also indicated the presence of apatite. NanoSIMS images showed an enrichment of P in the rhizosphere in the topsoil of a site with high P stocks, while this P enrichment was absent at a site with low P stocks and in both subsoils. Addition of C, N and P alone or in combination revealed that microbial activity in subsoils of sites with low P stocks was mostly P limited, whereas sites with high P stocks indicated N limitation or N and P co-limitation. We conclude that subsoil P resources are recycled by trees and soil microorganisms. With continued weathering of the bedrock and mobilisation of P from the weathered rocks, P cycling will proceed to greater depths, especially at sites characterised by P limitation.
Achieving Accuracy through Ambiguity: the Interactivity of Risk Communication in Severe Weather Events
Authors: Bica Melissa , Weinberg Joy , Palen Leysia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRisks associated with natural hazards such as hurricanes are increasingly communicated on social media. For hurricane risk communication, visual information products—graphics—generated by meteorologists and scientists at weather agencies portray forecasts and atmospheric conditions and are offered to parsimoniously convey predictions of severe storms. This research considers risk interactivity by examining a particular hurricane graphic which has shown in previous research to have a distinctive diffusion signature: the ‘spaghetti plot’, which contains multiple discrete lines depicting a storm’s possible path. We first analyzed a large dataset of microblog interactions around spaghetti plots between members of the public and authoritative weather sources within the US during the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season. We then conducted interviews with a sample of the weather authorities after preliminary findings sketched the role that experts have in such communications. Findings describe how people make sense of risk dialogically over graphics, and show the presence of a fundamental tension in risk communication between accuracy and ambiguity. The interactive effort combats the unintended declarative quality of the graphical risk representation through communicative acts that maintain a hazard’s inherent ambiguity until risk can be foreclosed. We consider theoretical and practice-based implications of the limits and potentials of graphical risk representations and of widely diffused scientific communication, and offer reasons we need CSCW attention paid to the larger enterprise of risk communication.
Self-Reported Cognitive Functions Predict the Trajectory of Paranoid Ideation Over a 15-Year Prospective Follow-Up
Authors: Saarinen Aino I. L. , Granö Niklas , Lehtimäki Terho 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
This study investigated whether self-reported cognitive functions (i.e. task orientation, distractibility, persistence, flexibility, and perseverance) predict the trajectory of paranoid ideation over a 15-year prospective follow-up in adulthood.

Methods
The participants came from the population-based Young Finns study (N = 1210‒1213). Paranoid ideation was assessed with the Paranoid Ideation Scale of the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90R) in 1997, 2001, 2007, and 2012. Self-reported cognitive functions were evaluated in 1997 with the Task orientation, Distractibility, Persistence, and Flexibility scales of the DOTS-R (the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey) and the Perseverance scale of the FCB-TI (the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory). The data was analyzed using growth curve models that were adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic factors in childhood and adulthood.

Results
Low self-reported task orientation, low persistence, high distractibility, low flexibility, and high perseverance predicted higher level of paranoid ideation over the 15-year follow-up.

Conclusions
Self-reported cognitive functions seem to predict paranoid ideation over a long-term follow-up. Promoting cognitive functions in early interventions may have long-term protective influences against the development of paranoid ideation in non-clinical populations.
Transatlantic Connections in Colonial and Post-colonial Haiti: Archaeometric Evidence for Taches Noires Glazed Tableware Imported from Albissola, Italy to Fort Liberté, Haiti
Authors: Casale Simone , Jean Joseph S. , Capelli Claudio , Braekmans Dennis , Degryse Patrick , Hofman Corinne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the first archaeometrical data on colonial glazed wares (taches noires)imported in Haiti (Fort Liberté). The analysis evidenced the exclusive presence of Italiantaches noiresproducts, dated before 1820 and related to the colonial era. The presence of English wares next to colonial materials demonstrated continuity in the use of landscape after the Independence and the establishment of international trade relationships between the state of Haiti and the British Empire. Results are an important step forward in the understanding of production and movement of theTaches noiresware, which were exported globally between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Personal Life Satisfaction as a Measure of Societal Happiness is an Individualistic Presumption: Evidence from Fifty Countries
Authors: Krys Kuba , Park Joonha , Kocimska-Zych Agata , Kosiarczyk Aleksandra , Selim Heyla A. , Wojtczuk-Turek Agnieszka , Haas Brian W. , Uchida Yukiko , Torres Claudio , Capaldi Colin A. , Bond Michael Harris , Zelenski John M. , Lun Vivian Miu-Chi , Maricchiolo Fridanna , Vauclair Christin-Melanie , Poláčková Šolcová Iva , Sirlopú David , Xing Cai , Vignoles Vivian L. , van Tilburg Wijnand A. P. , Teyssier Julien , Sun Chien-Ru , Stoyanova Stanislava , Serdarevich Ursula , Schwarz Beate , Sargautyte Ruta , Røysamb Espen , Romashov Vladyslav , Rizwan Muhammad , Pavlović Zoran , Pavlopoulos Vassilis , van Osch Yvette , Okvitawanli Ayu , Nadi Azar , Nader Martin , Nur Fariza Mustaffa , Mosca Oriana , Mohorić Tamara , Barrientos Pablo Eduardo , Malyonova Arina , Liu Xinhui , Lee J. Hannah , Kwiatkowska Anna , Kronberger Nicole , Klůzová Kračmárová Lucie , Kascakova Natalia , Işık İdil , Igou Eric R. , Igbokwe David O. , Hanke-Boer Diana , Gavreliuc Alin , Garðarsdóttir Ragna B. , Fülöp Márta , Gamsakhurdia Vladimer , Esteves Carla Sofia , Domínguez-Espinosa Alejandra , Denoux Patrick , Charkviani Salome , Baltin Arno , Mira Arévalo D. M. , Appoh Lily , Albert Isabelle , Akotia Charity S. , Adamovic Mladen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNumerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the nature of this phenomenon remains understudied. In the current paper, we address this gap and test the reasoning that individualism correlates with societal happiness because the most common measure of societal happiness (i.e., country-level aggregates of personal life satisfaction) is individualism-themed. With the data collected from 13,009 participants across fifty countries, we compare associations of four types of happiness (out of which three are more collectivism-themed than personal life satisfaction) with two different measures of individualism. We replicated previous findings by demonstrating that societal happiness measured as country-level aggregate of personal life satisfaction is correlated with individualism. Importantly though, we also found that the country-level aggregates of the collectivism-themed measures of happiness do not tend to be significantly correlated with individualism. Implications for happiness studies and for policy makers are signaled.
Prognostic value of the baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and further stratification in low-intermediate (L-I) and high-intermediate (H-I) risk NCCNIPI subgroup by MTV in DLBCL MTV predict prognosis in DLBCL
Authors: Zhao Peng , Yu Tao , Pan Zheng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
In the era of rituximab, the NCCNIPI is widely used in clinical practice as a tool for the prognosis and risk stratification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In recent years, FDG PET/CT has also shown unique prognostic value. We try to further confirm the prognostic role of metabolic parameters in the overall and subgroups patients.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed 87 DLBCL patients who underwent baseline FDG PET/CT and followed the R-CHOP or R-CHOP-like strategy. The clinical parameters and PET-related metabolic parameters were evaluated.

Results
For all patients, the 2-year PFS rate was 65.5% and the 2-year OS rate was 66.7%. According to Cox multivariate analysis, a high NCCNIPI score (4–8 points) and an MTV greater than 64.1 cm3 (defined by ROC) were independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS. The patients were divided into low, low-intermediate, high-intermediate and high-risk groups by NCCNIPI score. The 2-year PFS rates in each group were 90.9%, 71.3%, 33.2% and 16.7%, and the 2-year OS rates were 100%, 81.6%, 48.4% and 16.7%. In the subsequent subgroup analysis by MTV, it could further stratified low-intermediate and high-intermediate NCCNIPI groups, the P value was 0.068 and 0.069 for PFS, 0.078 and 0.036 for OS.

Conclusions
MTV, as a tumor metabolic volume parameter, and the NCCNIPI score were independent predictors of prognosis in general DLBCL patients. In the low-intermediate and high-intermediate NCCNIPI subgroup, we further confirm the risk stratification abilities of MTV, which could add the prognostic value of NCCNIPI.
Strategien von Frieden und Erneuerung in Belfast
Authors: Schiedlowski Felix 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungMehr als zwanzig Jahre nach dem Abschluss des Karfreitagsabkommens steckt der nordirische Friedensprozess in einer Sackgasse. Während der Einfluss paramilitärischer Gruppen massiv schrumpfte, stagniert die politische und gesellschaftliche Annäherung zwischen den britisch-protestantischen Unionisten und den irisch-katholischen Nationalisten. Dieser Artikel identifiziert daher einen Friedensprozess der zwei Geschwindigkeiten, welcher nirgendwo so offen zu Tage tritt wie in Belfast. In der Hauptstadt hat sich die Form der politischen Auseinandersetzung partiell verschoben, Faktoren wie Geschichte, Identität oder Kultur sind unlängst zur Ware geworden. Insbesondere der Unionismus hat Schwierigkeiten, mit dieser Entwicklung Schritt zu halten. Während der Unionismus landläufig mit der konfliktträchtigen Vergangenheit des Landes assoziiert wird, inszeniert sich insbesondere das Stadtzentrum von Belfast als aufstrebend und befriedet. Für die unionistische Gemeinschaft der Stadt stellt sich jedoch die Frage, wie sie an diesem Wandel Anteil nehmen kann und muss. Dieser Prozess ist zugleich eine Suche nach einem Platz im nordirischen Friedensprozess an sich.
Synthesis of Zeolite Nay From Dealuminated Metakaolin as Ni Support for Co2 Hydrogenation to Methane
Authors: Sholeha Novia Amalia , Jannah Lailatul , Rohma Hannis Nur , Widiastuti Nurul , Prasetyoko Didik , Jalil Aishah Abdul , Bahruji Hasliza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe conversion of CO2 into carbon feedstock via CO2 hydrogenation to methane requires a stable catalyst for reaction at high temperatures. Zeolite NaY (abbreviated hereafter as NaY) synthesized from naturally occurring kaolin provides a stable support for Ni nanoparticles. Kaolin can be further dealuminated using sulfuric acid to reduce the Si/Al ratio, but the presence of the remaining sulfur is detrimental to the formation of NaY. The objective of the present study was to synthesize NaY from dealuminated metakaolin, using a method that minimizes the detrimental effects of sulfur, and to investigate the effect of its activity on CO2 methanation. Kaolin from Bangka Belitung, Indonesia, was calcined at 720°C for 4 h to form metakaolin (M) and subsequently treated with sulfuric acid to form dealuminated metakaolin (DM). Excess sulfur was removed by washing with deionized water at 80°C. Zeolite NaY was then synthesized from the M and DM via a hydrothermal method; the relationship between morphology, structural properties, and the catalytic activity of NaY was determined for CO2 methanation at 200–500°C. The presence of excess sulfur following dealumination of metakaolin produced NaY with small surface area and porosity. After Ni impregnation, the synthesized NaY exhibited significant catalytic activity and stability for the reaction at 250–500°C. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed the formation of well-defined octahedral structures and large surface areas of ~500 m2/g when NaY was synthesized using DM. Catalytic activity indicated significant conversion of CO2 (67%) and CH4 selectivity (94%) of Ni/NaY from DM in contrast to only 47% of CO2 conversion with 77% of CH4 selectivity for Ni/NaY synthesized from M. Dealuminated metakaolin also produced robust NaY, which indicated no deactivation at 500°C. The combination of well-defined crystallite structures, large surface area, and small Al contents in NaY synthesized from DM helped in CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity for the reaction at 200–500°C.
‘An attempt to trace illusions to their physical causes’: atmospheric mirages and the performance of their demystification in the 1820s and 1830s
Authors: AMERY FIONA 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article suggests that, during the 1820s and 1830s, Britain experienced a mirage moment. A greater volume of material was published on the mirage in scientific journals, treatises, travel literature and novels during these two decades than had occurred before in British history. The phenomenon was examined at the confluence of discussions about the cultural importance of illusions, the nature of the eye and the imperial project to investigate the extra-European natural world. Explanations of the mirage were put forward by such scientists and explorers as Sir David Brewster, William Wollaston and General Sir James Abbott. Their demystification paralleled the performance of unmasking scientific and magical secrets in the gallery shows of London during the period. The practice of seeing involved in viewing unfathomable phenomena whilst simultaneously considering their rational basis underwrote these different circumstances. I use this unusual mode of visuality to explore the ways the mirage and other illusions were viewed and understood in the 1820s and 1830s. Ultimately, this paper argues that the mirage exhibited the fallibility of the eyes as a tool for veridical perception in a marvellous and striking way, with consequences for the perceived trustworthiness of ocular knowledge in the period.
Modelling and inference of maize pollen emission rate with a Lagrangian dispersal model using Monte Carlo method
Authors: Souhar Otmane , Marceau Alexis , Loubet Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work explores the uncertainty of the inferred maize pollen emission rate using measurements and simulations of pollen dispersion at Grignon in France. Measurements were obtained via deposition of pollen on the ground in a canopy gap; simulations were conducted using the two-dimensional Lagrangian Stochastic Mechanistic mOdel for Pollen dispersion and deposition (SMOP). First, a quantitative evaluation of the model's performance was conducted using a global sensitivity analysis to analyse the convergence behaviour of the results and scatter diagrams. Then, a qualitative study was conducted to infer the pollen emission rate and calibrate the methodology against experimental data for several sets of variable values. The analysis showed that predicted and observed values were in good agreement and the calculated statistical indices were mostly within the range of acceptable model performance. Furthermore, it was revealed that the mean settling velocity and vertical leaf area index are the main variables affecting pollen deposition in the canopy gap. Finally, an estimated pollen emission rate was obtained according to a restricted setting, where the model studied includes no deposition on leaves, no resuspension and with horizontal pollen fluctuations either taken into account or not. The estimated pollen emission rate obtained was nearly identical to the measured quantity. In conclusion, the findings of the current study show that the described methodology could be an interesting approach for accurate prediction of maize pollen deposition and emission rates and may be appropriate for other pollen types.
Taxonomical considerations and molecular phylogeny of the closely related generaBitylenchus,SauertylenchusandTylenchorhynchus(Nematoda: Telotylenchinae), with one new and four known species from Iran
Authors: Hosseinvand M. , Eskandari A. , Ganjkhanloo S. , Ghaderi R. , Castillo P. , Palomares-Rius J.E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring several nematological surveys in cultivated and natural habitats in Khuzestan and Zanjan provinces of Iran, a new species,Bitylenchus parvulusn. sp., two new records for Iran – namely,Tylenchorhynchus agriandTylenchorhynchus graciliformis– and a population ofBitylenchus parvusand one ofSauertylenchus maximuswere recovered and characterized based upon morphological and molecular approaches. The new species is characterized by lip region with five to seven annuli, stylet 17.7 (17.0–18.5) μm long, sub-cylindrical tail narrowing abruptly near terminus giving a bluntly digitate shape to the tail tip, cuticle near anterior part of vulva wrinkled and post-rectal sac occupies whole of tail cavity. The phylogenetic analyses were carried out using molecular data from D2–D3 expansion segments of large ribosomal subunit (28S rRNA) for all studied species and the partial small ribosomal subunit (18S rRNA) for the new species. The representatives ofBitylenchusandSauertylenchusformed distinct clades fromTylenchorhynchusmembers, supporting the hypothesis in whichBitylenchusandSauertylenchuscould be considered as valid genera, but rejecting the ‘large-genus’ concept forTylenchorhynchus. Also,Sauertylenchus ibericuswas proposed as a junior synonym ofS. maximusbased on the results from morphological and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, an identification key for all known species included in the three generaBitylenchus,TylenchorhynchusandSauertylenchusis presented herein. The number of transverse annuli on the lip region and presence/absence of post-rectal sac were considered as the main diagnostic characters for classifying the species into seven groups, and other morphological and morphometric characters were subsequently used for distinguishing species in each group.