bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influenza Classification Suite: An automated Galaxy workflow for rapid influenza sequence analysis
Authors: Eisler Diane , Fornika Dan , Tindale Lauren C. , Chan Tracy , Sabaiduc Suzana , Hickman Rebecca , Chambers Catharine , Krajden Mel , Skowronski Danuta M. , Jassem Agatha , Hsiao William 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInfluenza viruses continually evolve to evade population immunity, and the different lineages are assigned into clades based on shared mutations. We have developed a publicly available computational workflow, the Influenza Classification Suite, for rapid clade mapping of sequenced influenza viruses. This suite provides a user‐friendly workflow implemented in Galaxy to automate clade calling and antigenic site extraction. Workflow input includes clade definition and amino acid index array files, which can be customized to identify any clades of interest. The Influenza Classification Suite provides rapid, high‐resolution understanding of circulating influenza strain evolution to inform influenza vaccine effectiveness and the need for potential vaccine reformulation.
Deep sternal wound infection following cardiac surgery: A comparison of the monolateral with the bilateral pectoralis major flaps
Authors: Lo Torto Federico , Turriziani Gianmarco , Donato Casella , Marcasciano Marco , Redi Ugo , Greco Manfredi , Miraldi Fabio , Ribuffo Diego 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeep sternal wound infections are a serious complication following sternotomy for cardiothoracic surgery. “Conventional” treatment provides debridement and secondary closure or closed catheter irrigation. The combination of the Negative Pressure Therapy with flap coverages is an accepted technique and one or both Pectoralis Major muscles could be chosen. A multistep protocol was adopted. One hundred and sixty seven patients were treated with the combination of Negative Pressure Therapy with the Pectoralis Major muscle flap: 86 monolateral flap and 81 bilateral flap reconstruction. The main complications (hematoma, seroma, dehiscence, and re‐infection), the need for re‐intervention, mortality rates, Intensive Care Unit, and hospitalisation time were assessed. The mono‐pectoralis group had fewer complications and need for revision, with a shorter hospital stay. A statistically significant difference emerged for the hematoma rate (P = .0079). Monolateral flap should to be preferred because with the same coverage effectiveness, it guarantees the saving of controlateral muscle with its functionality and the possibility of its use in case of failure. Furthermore, as the technique is less invasive, it can be reserved for more fragile patients.
Simulating functional diversity of European natural forests along climatic gradients
Authors: Thonicke Kirsten , Billing Maik , von Bloh Werner , Sakschewski Boris , Niinemets Ülo , Peñuelas Josep , Cornelissen J. Hans C. , Onoda Yusuke , van Bodegom Peter , Schaepman Michael E. , Schneider Fabian D. , Walz Ariane 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimWe analyse how functional diversity (FD) varies across European natural forests to understand the effects of environmental and competitive filtering on plant trait distribution.LocationForest ecosystems in Europe from 11°W to 36°E and 29.5°N to 62°N.TaxonPinaceae, Fagaceae and Betulaceae, Oleaceae, Tiliaceae, Aceraceae, Leguminosae (unspecific).MethodsWe adopted the existing Dynamic Global Vegetation Model Lund‐Potsdam‐Jena managed Land of flexible individual traits (LPJmL‐FIT) for Europe by eliminating both bioclimatic limits of plant functional types (PFTs) and replacing prescribed values of functional traits for PFTs with emergent values under influence of environmental filtering and competition. We quantified functional richness (FR), functional divergence (FDv) and functional evenness (FE) in representative selected sites and at Pan‐European scale resulting from simulated functional and structural trait combinations of individual trees. While FR quantifies the amount of occupied trait space, FDv and FE describe the distribution and abundance of trait combinations, respectively, in a multidimensional trait space.ResultsLund‐Potsdam‐Jena managed Land of flexible individual traits reproduces spatial PFTs and local trait distributions and agrees well with observed productivity, biomass and tree height of European natural forests. The observed site‐specific trait distributions and spatial gradients of traits of the leaf‐ and stem‐resource economics spectra coincide with environmental filtering and the competition for light and water in environments with strong abiotic stress. Where deciduous and needle‐leaved trees co‐occur, for example, in boreal and mountainous forests, the potential niche space is wide (high FR), and extreme ends in the niche space are occupied (high FDv). We find high FDv in Mediterranean forests where drought increasingly limits tree growth, thus niche differentiation becomes more important. FDv decreases in temperate forests where a cold climate increasingly limits growth efficiency of broad‐leaved summer green trees, thus reducing the importance of competitive exclusion. Highest FE was simulated in wet Atlantic and southern Europe which indicated relatively even niche occupation and thus high resource‐use efficiency.Main ConclusionsWe find FD resulting from both environmental and competitive filtering. Pan‐European FR, FDv and FE demonstrate the influence of climate gradients and intra‐ and inter‐PFT competition. The indices underline a generally high FD of natural forests in Europe. Co‐existence of functionally diverse trees across PFTs emerges from alternative (life‐history) strategies, disturbance and tree demography.
Activation of autophagy inhibits nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation and attenuates myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury in diabetic rats
Authors: Zhang Dengwen , He Yi , Ye Xiaodong , Cai Yin , Xu Jindong , Zhang Liangqing , Li Mingyi , Liu Hao , Wang Sheng , Xia Zhengyuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetic hearts are more vulnerable to ischemia‐reperfusion injury (I/RI). The activation of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome can mediate the inflammatory process, and hence might contribute to myocardial I/RI. Activation of autophagy can eliminate excess reactive oxygen species and alleviate myocardial I/RI in diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate whether the activation of autophagy can alleviate diabetic myocardial I/RI through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Materials and MethodsA dose of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin was given by tail vein injection to establish a type 1 diabetes model in the rats. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h to establish a myocardial I/RI model. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to high glucose (33 mmol/L) and subjected to hypoxia–reoxygenation (6 h hypoxia followed by 4 h reoxygenation).ResultsThe diabetic rats showed significant inhibition of cardiac autophagy (decreased LC3‐II/I and increased p62) that was concomitant with increased activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (increased NLRP3, apoptosis‐related spots protein cleaved caspase‐1, interleukin‐18, interleukin‐1β) and more severe myocardial I/RI (elevated creatine kinase myocardial band, lactate dehydrogenase and larger infarct size). However, administration of rapamycin, an inhibitor of the autophagy, to activate autophagy resulted in the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome, and finally alleviated myocardial I/RI. In vitro, high glucose inhibited autophagy, while activating NLRP3 inflammasome in H9C2 cardiomyocytes and aggravating hypoxia–reoxygenation injury, but rapamycin reversed these adverse effects of high glucose.ConclusionActivation of autophagy can suppress the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which in turn attenuates myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.
Apparently contradictory routes in the expansion of two fish species in the Eastern Atlantic
Authors: Bañón Rafael , de Carlos Alejandro , Alonso‐Fernández Alexandre , Ramos Fernando , Baldó Francisco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne specimen of the boreal Clupea harengus (Clupeidae) was caught southerly, in the Gulf of Cádiz (southern Spain), whereas a specimen of the subtropical Epinephelus aeneus (Serranidae) was caught northerly, in Galician waters (north‐west of Spain). These catches represent a new southernmost record in the eastern Atlantic for C. harengus and the second northernmost for E. aeneus. The co‐occurrence of warm and cold affinity fishes in temperate latitudes is unusual, but the existence of anomalies in the temperature of the Atlantic waters could be behind these findings.
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs alleviate severity of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis by inhibiting inflammation and reducing apoptosis
Authors: Geng Chong , Li Xiao , Li Yanni , Song Shuailing , Wang Chunhui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe prophylactic effect of nonselective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on post‐ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) pancreatitis has been observed for a long time. However, whether the selective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs possess similar abilities and the mechanisms by which nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs work remain unclear. The present study aimed to determine the protective effects of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on post‐ERCP pancreatitis in a rat model and examine underlying mechanisms.MethodsThirty‐two female rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups: the sham group, post‐ERCP pancreatitis model group, indomethacin‐pretreated group, and parecoxib‐pretreated group. Indomethacin or parecoxib was delivered 30 min prior to surgery; 24 h after post‐ERCP pancreatitis establishment, the rats were sacrificed. Serum amylase and lipase activities, inflammatory cytokine release, pancreatic histopathological scores, neutrophil infiltration, and the expression pattern cyclooxygenase at the protein level and pancreatic apoptosis were quantified and analyzed.ResultsBoth indomethacin and parecoxib inhibited the activities of serum amylase and lipase and reduced the severity of pancreatic histopathology. Mechanistically, both drugs decreased the expression level of cyclooxygenase 2; however, they had no influence on the cyclooxygenase 1 protein level. Moreover, they reduced inflammatory cytokine release, neutrophil infiltration into the pancreas, and NF‐κB p65 activation. Notably, we found that apoptotic cells in the pancreas were remarkably diminished after the administration of both nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.ConclusionsBoth selective and nonselective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs exert protective effects against post‐ERCP pancreatitis by restraining inflammation and reducing acinar cell apoptosis through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2.
Deintensification of Diabetes Medications among Veterans at the End of Life in VA Nursing Homes
Authors: Niznik Joshua D. , Hunnicutt Jacob N. , Zhao Xinhua , Mor Maria K. , Sileanu Florentina , Aspinall Sherrie L. , Springer Sydney P. , Ersek Mary J. , Gellad Walid F. , Schleiden Loren J. , Hanlon Joseph T. , Thorpe Joshua M. , Thorpe Carolyn T. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVESMany older adults with limited life expectancy and/or advanced dementia (LLE/AD) are potentially overtreated for diabetes and may benefit from deintensification. Our aim was to examine the incidence and predictors of diabetes medication deintensification in older Veterans with LLE/AD who were potentially overtreated at admission to Veterans Affairs (VA) nursing homes (community living centers [CLCs]).DESIGNRetrospective cohort study using linked VA and Medicare clinical/administrative data and Minimum Data Set assessments.SETTINGVA CLCs.PARTICIPANTSA total of 6960 Veterans with diabetes and LLE/AD admitted to VA CLCs in fiscal years 2009 to 2015 with hemoglobin (Hb)A1c measured within 90 days of admission.MEASUREMENTSWe evaluated treatment deintensification (discontinuation or dose reduction for a consecutive 7‐day period) among residents who were potentially overtreated (HbA1c ≤7.5% and receiving hypoglycemic medications). Competing risk models assessed 90‐day cumulative incidence of deintensification.RESULTSMore than 40% (n = 3056) of Veteran CLC residents with diabetes were potentially overtreated. The cumulative incidence of deintensification at 90 days was 45.5%. Higher baseline HbA1c values were associated with a lower likelihood of deintensification (e.g., HbA1c 7.0‐7.5% vs <6.0%; adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = .57; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .50‐.66). Compared with non‐sulfonylurea oral agents (e.g., metformin), other treatment regimens were more likely to be deintensified (aRR = 1.31‐1.88), except for basal insulin (aRR = .59; 95% CI = .52‐.66). The only resident factor associated with increased likelihood of deintensification was documented end‐of‐life status (aRR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.01‐1.25). Admission from home/assisted living (aRR = .85; 95% CI = .75‐.96), obesity (aRR = .88; 95% CI = .78‐.99), and peripheral vascular disease (aRR = .90; 95% CI = .81‐.99) were associated with decreased likelihood of deintensification.CONCLUSIONDeintensification of treatment regimens occurred in less than one‐half of potentially overtreated Veterans and was more strongly associated with low HbA1c values and use of medications with high risk for hypoglycemia, rather than other resident characteristics. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:736–745, 2020
Antropología política de las emociones: las movilizaciones de víctimas en América Latina
Authors: Zenobi Diego 
Published: February 2020

ResumenEn nuestras sociedades latinoamericanas contemporáneas existen numerosas causas públicas impulsadas por personas victimizadas. Con frecuencia, las emociones son tratadas como variables que explican el compromiso con esos movimientos. Por el contrario, en este trabajo propongo tomar por objeto los procesos conflictivos a través de los cuales ciertas conductas son clasificadas (o no) como emocionales y se ponen en juego en contextos contenciosos. Así, el análisis se orienta desde las “emociones que movilizan” a las “emociones que son movilizadas”. Apoyo mis argumentos con materiales aportados por diversas etnografías latinoamericanas y por mi propio trabajo de campo realizado entre las víctimas de un incendio ocurrido en Buenos Aires en 2004. Finalmente, planteo la discusión sobre el estatus analítico que podríamos dar al registro afectivo y sobre las consecuencias políticas que ello podría implicar para nuestras investigaciones. El artículo pretende realizar un aporte a la comprensión de los cruces entre política y emociones en las sociedades latinoamericanas actuales.
THE NATURE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FAILURE: PATTERNS OF BIASED TECHNICAL CHANGE IN SOCIALIST EUROPE
Authors: Kukić Leonard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe existing studies usually find that technical change was very important in causing the growth slowdown of socialist economies in Europe during the postwar period. While these studies have been reasonably successful in quantifying the extent of technical change, they have been less successful in quantifying its nature. This paper analyzes the patterns of biased technical change in socialist Europe – Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Yugoslavia. I find that socialist economies have achieved strong increases in labor efficiency, and strong decreases in capital efficiency. This suggests that the source of their technical malaise lies primarily in capital inefficiency. I argue that labor scarcity is a major factor that debilitated capital efficiency.
Induction of p53 in keratinocyte cultures treated with Behçet's patient sera
Authors: Houacine Sihem , Kang Angray , Parkinson Eric Kenneth , Wan Hong , Fortune Farida 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundBehçet's disease (BD) is a rare, multisystem vasculitis disease characterized by recurrent orogenital ulcerations with its etiology remained unclear. The transcription factor p53 has been reported to be upregulated in some autoimmune diseases, such as lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and psoriasis. However, little is known about its alteration in BD.MethodsKeratinocyte cultures of both skin and oral origins were treated sera of 18 Behcet patients for 24 hours and analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence for p53 expression. The specificity of p53 expression was confirmed by siRNA‐mediated p53 knockdown and the serum IgG removal studies. The expression of p53 levels was quantitatively analyzed with ImageJ.ResultsIt was shown that the expression of p53 is increased in skin and oral keratinocyte cell lines, in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells treated with patient sera compared to controls. Either p53 knockdown or IgG removal results in a reduction of p53 levels relative to cells treated with patient sera without p53 knockdown or IgG depletion.ConclusionsThis in vitro study provides the first evidence that BD sera can induce the p53 expression in keratinocytes that may have implications in Behcet pathogenesis.
Clinical characteristics of dogs with food‐responsive protein‐losing enteropathy
Authors: Nagata Noriyuki , Ohta Hiroshi , Yokoyama Nozomu , Teoh Yong Bin , Nisa Khoirun , Sasaki Noboru , Osuga Tatsuyuki , Morishita Keitaro , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn dogs with protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE), data on the clinical characteristics of food‐responsive PLE (FR‐PLE) remain scarce.ObjectiveTo determine the clinical characteristics of FR‐PLE in dogs responsive to ultralow‐fat diet (ULFD) management.AnimalsThirty‐three dogs diagnosed with PLE based on standard diagnostic criteria.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records. Clinical findings were compared between dogs with FR‐PLE (FR‐PLE group) and those with immunosuppressant‐responsive PLE (IR‐PLE) or nonresponsive PLE (NR‐PLE) (IR/NR‐PLE group). The area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the ability of factors to differentiate the FR‐PLE and IR/NR‐PLE groups. Survival time was compared between the FR‐PLE and IR/NR‐PLE groups.ResultsTwenty‐three dogs responded to ULFD management and were diagnosed with FR‐PLE. The canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) was significantly lower in the FR‐PLE group than in the IR/NR‐PLE group (P < .001). The AUC of CCECAI for differentiating the FR‐PLE group was 0.935 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.845‐1.000) with an optimal cutoff value of 8 (sensitivity, 0.826; specificity, 0.889). Survival times were significantly longer in the FR‐PLE group (median, not reached) than in the IR/NR‐PLE group (median, 432 days; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs that respond to ULFD management and are diagnosed with FR‐PLE are expected to have a favorable prognosis. Clinical scores, specifically the CCECAI, could be useful for differentiating FR‐PLE from IR‐PLE or NR‐PLE.
Early sexual dimorphism in the developing gut microbiome of northern elephant seals
Authors: Stoffel Martin A. , Acevedo‐Whitehouse Karina , Morales‐Durán Nami , Grosser Stefanie , Chakarov Nayden , Krüger Oliver , Nichols Hazel J. , Elorriaga‐Verplancken Fernando R. , Hoffman Joseph I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe gut microbiome is an integral part of a species' ecology, but we know little about how host characteristics impact its development in wild populations. Here, we explored the role of such intrinsic factors in shaping the gut microbiome of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) during a critical developmental window of 6 weeks after weaning, when the pups stay ashore without feeding. We found substantial sex differences in the early‐life gut microbiome, even though males and females could not yet be distinguished morphologically. Sex and age both explained around 15% of the variation in gut microbial beta diversity, while microbial communities sampled from the same individual showed high levels of similarity across time, explaining another 40% of the variation. Only a small proportion of the variation in beta diversity was explained by health status, assessed by full blood counts, but clinically healthy individuals had a greater microbial alpha diversity than their clinically abnormal peers. Across the post‐weaning period, the northern elephant seal gut microbiome was highly dynamic. We found evidence for several colonization and extinction events as well as a decline in Bacteroides and an increase in Prevotella, a pattern that has previously been associated with the transition from nursing to solid food. Lastly, we show that genetic relatedness was correlated with gut microbiome similarity in males but not females, again reflecting early sex differences. Our study represents a naturally diet‐controlled and longitudinal investigation of how intrinsic factors shape the early gut microbiome in a species with extreme sex differences in morphology and life history.
Doing statistics, enacting the nation: The performative powers of categories
Authors: Grommé Francisca , Scheel Stephan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt has been widely acknowledged in debates about nationalism and ethnicity that identity categories used for classifying people along the lines of culture, race, and ethnicity help to enact, that is, bring into being, the collective identities they name. However, we know little about how categories acquire their performative powers. The contribution of this paper is twofold: first, it proposes a conceptual framework based on concepts and insights from science and technology studies for investigating the performative powers of statistical identity categories and possibly also other domains. Second, it demonstrates, through an empirical study of two examples from Estonian and Dutch official population statistics, that statistical identity categories enact more than the groups to which they refer. We argue that they also enact national identities and notions of national belonging of majoritarian groups in the host countries. Therefore, statistical identity categories can be used as analytical lenses to study nationalism and processes of nation‐building.