bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies to Prevent or Remediate Cancer and Treatment-Related Aging
Authors: Guida Jennifer L , Agurs-Collins Tanya , Ahles Tim A , Campisi Judith , Dale William , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy , Dietrich Jorg , Fuldner Rebecca , Gallicchio Lisa , Green Paige A , Hurria Arti , Janelsins Michelle C , Jhappan Chamelli , Kirkland James L , Kohanski Ronald , Longo Valter , Meydani Simin , Mohile Supriya , Niedernhofer Laura J , Nelson Christian , Perna Frank , Schadler Keri , Scott Jessica M , Schrack Jennifer A , Tracy Russell P , van Deursen Jan , Ness Kirsten K 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUp to 85% of adult cancer survivors and 99% of adult survivors of childhood cancer live with an accumulation of chronic conditions, frailty, and/or cognitive impairments resulting from cancer and its treatment. Thus, survivors often show an accelerated development of multiple geriatric syndromes and need therapeutic interventions. To advance progress in this area, the National Cancer Institute convened the second of 2 think tanks under the auspices of the Cancer and Accelerated Aging: Advancing Research for Healthy Survivors initiative. Experts assembled to share evidence of promising strategies to prevent, slow, or reverse the aging consequences of cancer and its treatment. The meeting identified research and resource needs, including geroscience-guided clinical trials; comprehensive assessments of functional, cognitive, and psychosocial vulnerabilities to assess and predict age-related outcomes; preclinical and clinical research to determine the optimal dosing for behavioral (eg, diet, exercise) and pharmacologic (eg, senolytic) therapies; health-care delivery research to evaluate the efficacy of integrated cancer care delivery models; optimization of intervention implementation, delivery, and uptake; and patient and provider education on cancer and treatment-related late and long-term adverse effects. Addressing these needs will expand knowledge of aging-related consequences of cancer and cancer treatment and inform strategies to promote healthy aging of cancer survivors.
Video Game Violence and Interactivity: Effect or Equivalence?
Authors: Weber René , Behr Katharina M , Fisher Jacob T , Lonergan Chelsea , Quebral Christian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The effect of exposure to violent video game content on aggression is intensely debated. Meta-analyses have produced widely varying estimates as to the effect (or non-effect) of violent video games on subsequent aggressive thoughts and behaviors. Recent work suggests that interactivity and player skill may play key roles in moderating the effects of violent content in video games on aggression. This study investigates the effects of violence, interactivity, and player skill on mild aggressive behavior using a custom-developed first-person shooter game allowing for high levels of experimental control. We conduct effect and equivalence tests with effect size assumptions drawn from prominent meta-analyses in the video game violence literature, finding that aggressive behavior following violent video game play is statistically equivalent to that observed following non-violent game play. We also observe an interaction between violent game content, player skill, and interactivity. When player skill matched the interactivity of the game, violent content led to an increase in aggressive behavior, whereas when player skill did not match the interactivity of the game, violent content decreased aggressive behavior. This interaction is probed using a multiverse analysis incorporating both classical significance testing and Bayesian analyses.
Posterior retroperitoneoscopic resection of recurrent nonseminomatous tumor mass: a case report of the surgical procedure
Authors: Öztürk Çiğdem , Hoekstra Harald J , Hemmer Patrick H J , Gietema Jourik A , Kruijff Schelto 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Treatment of stage II–IV nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (NSTGCTs) consists of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy and, when present, resection of residual retroperitoneal tumor mass (RRTM) by conventional laparotomy or laparoscopy. In case of a retroperitoneal recurrence, a second conventional or laparoscopic procedure may be challenging.
A case of late relapse after prior conventional resection of a RRTM and tailor-made surgical management with a posterior retroperitoneoscopic resection (PRR) is reported. A posterior retroperitoneoscopic RRTM resection was performed in a 26-year-old male with a history of stage IIC NSTGCT, presenting with a late left-sided retroperitoneal relapse, 6 years after initial treatment. Postoperative course was uneventful and at 1-year follow-up the patient had no evidence of disease. Reoperative surgery by a minimal invasive retroperitoneoscopic approach should be considered as an alternative for patients with a recurrent retroperitoneal tumor mass of a NSTGCT.
Prophylaxis and treatment of acute and chronic postoperative inguinal pain (CPIP)—association of pain with compression neuropathy†
Authors: Holzheimer René Gordon , Gaschütz Nikolai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Can open inguinal hernia repair (OIHR) and tailored neurectomy (TN) be effective for prophylaxis of chronic postoperative inguinal hernia repair (CPIP) (I) and treatment of CPIP (II)? Patients with symptomatic primary inguinal hernia (I group 1) and secondary hernia with CPIP (II, groups 2–5) were investigated for postoperative complications and nerve damage. About, 98% of patients with OIHR with TN reported preoperative pain (I group 1, n = 388, recurrence rate 1%). There were 73 cases (II) of CPIP after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) (group 2, n = 22), OIHR (group 3, n = 37), LIHR followed by OIHR/LIHR (group 4, n = 5) and OIHR followed by LIHR/OIHR (group 5, n = 9). The results were as follows: preoperative pain: 33–100%, recurrence rate 0–11% (II, groups 2–5), nerve damage 92–100% and persistent CPIP: n = 1 after trocar perforation of inguinal nerve elsewhere. OIHR is effective to avoid CPIP with compression neuropathy. This is the largest series of histological nerve damage in CPIP.
The impact of the rhizobia–legume symbiosis on host root system architecture
Authors: Concha Cristobal , Doerner Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLegumes form symbioses with rhizobia to fix N2 in root nodules to supplement their nitrogen (N) requirements. Many studies have shown how symbioses affect the shoot, but far less is understood about how they modify root development and root system architecture (RSA). RSA is the distribution of roots in space and over time. RSA reflects host resource allocation into below-ground organs and patterns of host resource foraging underpinning its resource acquisition capacity. Recent studies have revealed a more comprehensive relationship between hosts and symbionts: the latter can affect host resource acquisition for phosphate and iron, and the symbiont’s production of plant growth regulators can enhance host resource flux and abundance. We review the current understanding of the effects of rhizobia–legume symbioses on legume root systems. We focus on resource acquisition and allocation within the host to conceptualize the effect of symbioses on RSA, and highlight opportunities for new directions of research.
Searches for pulsar-like candidates from unidentified objects in the Third Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources with machine learning techniques
Authors: Hui C Y , Lee Jongsu , Li K L , Kim Sangin , Oh Kwangmin , Luo Shengda , Leung Alex P , Kong A K H , Takata J , Cheng K S 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the results of searching pulsar-like candidates from the unidentified objects in the Third Catalog of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources (3FHL). Using a machine-learning-based classification scheme with a nominal accuracy of $\sim \!98{{\, \rm per\, cent}}$, we have selected 27 pulsar-like objects from 200 unidentified 3FHL sources for an identification campaign. Using archival data, X-ray sources are found within the γ-ray error ellipses of 10 3FHL pulsar-like candidates. Within the error circles of the much better constrained X-ray positions, we have also searched for the optical/infrared counterparts and examined their spectral energy distributions. Among our shortlisted candidates, the most secure identification is the association of 3FHL J1823.3–1339 and its X-ray counterpart with the globular cluster Mercer 5. The γ-rays from the source can be contributed by a population of millisecond pulsars residing in the cluster. This makes Mercer 5 as one of the slowly growing hard γ-ray population of globular clusters with emission &gt;10 GeV. Very recently, another candidate picked by our classification scheme, 3FHL J1405.1–6118, has been identified as a new γ-ray binary with an orbital period of 13.7 d. Our X-ray analysis with a short Chandra observation has found a possible periodic signal candidate of ∼1.4 h and a putative extended X-ray tail of ∼20 arcsec long. Spectral energy distribution of its optical/infrared counterpart conforms with a blackbody of Tbb ∼ 40 000 K and Rbb ∼ 12 R⊙ at a distance of 7.7 kpc. This is consistent with its identification as an early O star as found by infrared spectroscopy.
The formation of young massive clusters by colliding flows
Authors: Dobbs C L , Liow K Y , Rieder S 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Young massive clusters (YMCs) are the most intense regions of star formation in galaxies. Formulating a model for YMC formation while at the same time meeting the constraints from observations is, however, highly challenging. We show that forming YMCs requires clouds with densities ≳ 100 cm−3 to collide with high velocities (≳ 20 km s−1). We present the first simulations which, starting from moderate cloud densities of ∼100 cm−3, are able to convert a large amount of mass into stars over a time period of around 1 Myr, to produce dense massive clusters similar to those observed. Such conditions are commonplace in more extreme environments, where YMCs are common, but atypical for our Galaxy, where YMCs are rare.
Structural and functional insights into CWC27/CWC22 heterodimer linking the exon junction complex to spliceosomes
Authors: Busetto Virginia , Barbosa Isabelle , Basquin Jérôme , Marquenet Émelie , Hocq Rémi , Hennion Magali , Paternina Janio Antonio , Namane Abdelkader , Conti Elena , Bensaude Olivier , Le Hir Hervé 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Human CWC27 is an uncharacterized splicing factor and mutations in its gene are linked to retinal degeneration and other developmental defects. We identify the splicing factor CWC22 as the major CWC27 partner. Both CWC27 and CWC22 are present in published Bact spliceosome structures, but no interacting domains are visible. Here, the structure of a CWC27/CWC22 heterodimer bound to the exon junction complex (EJC) core component eIF4A3 is solved at 3Å-resolution. According to spliceosomal structures, the EJC is recruited in the C complex, once CWC27 has left. Our 3D structure of the eIF4A3/CWC22/CWC27 complex is compatible with the Bact spliceosome structure but not with that of the C complex, where a CWC27 loop would clash with the EJC core subunit Y14. A CWC27/CWC22 building block might thus form an intermediate landing platform for eIF4A3 onto the Bact complex prior to its conversion into C complex. Knock-down of either CWC27 or CWC22 in immortalized retinal pigment epithelial cells affects numerous common genes, indicating that these proteins cooperate, targeting the same pathways. As the most up-regulated genes encode factors involved in inflammation, our findings suggest a possible link to the retinal degeneration associated with CWC27 deficiencies.
Synthetic promoter design in Escherichia coli based on a deep generative network
Authors: Wang Ye , Wang Haochen , Wei Lei , Li Shuailin , Liu Liyang , Wang Xiaowo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Promoter design remains one of the most important considerations in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology applications. Theoretically, there are 450 possible sequences for a 50-nt promoter, of which naturally occurring promoters make up only a small subset. To explore the vast number of potential sequences, we report a novel AI-based framework for de novo promoter design in Escherichia coli. The model, which was guided by sequence features learned from natural promoters, could capture interactions between nucleotides at different positions and design novel synthetic promoters in silico. We combined a deep generative model that guides the search for artificial sequences with a predictive model to preselect the most promising promoters. The AI-designed promoters were optimized based on the promoter activity in E. coli and the predictive model. After two rounds of optimization, up to 70.8% of the AI-designed promoters were experimentally demonstrated to be functional, and few of them shared significant sequence similarity with the E. coli genome. Our work provided an end-to-end approach to the de novo design of novel promoter elements, indicating the potential to apply deep learning methods to de novo genetic element design.
Effect of increased potassium intake on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and subcutaneous resistance arteries: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Dreier Rasmus , Abdolalizadeh Bahareh , Asferg Camilla L , Hölmich Lisbet R , Buus Niels H , Forman Julie L , Andersen Ulrik B , Egfjord Martin , Sheykhzade Majid , Jeppesen Jørgen L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Increased potassium intake lowers blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. The underlying mechanism is not fully understood but must be complex because increased potassium intake elevates circulating concentrations of the BP-raising hormone aldosterone.

Methods
In a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study in 25 normotensive men, we investigated the effect of 4 weeks of potassium supplement (90 mmol/day) compared with 4 weeks of placebo on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), urine composition and 24-h ambulatory BP. Vascular function was also assessed through wire myograph experiments on subcutaneous resistance arteries from gluteal fat biopsies.

Results
Higher potassium intake increased urinary potassium excretion (144.7 ± 28.7 versus 67.5 ± 25.5 mmol/24-h; P &lt; 0.0001) and plasma concentrations of potassium (4.3 ± 0.2 versus 4.0 ± 0.2 mmol/L; P = 0.0002), renin [16 (12–23) versus 11 (5–16) mIU/L; P = 0.0047], angiotensin II [10.0 (6.2–13.0) versus 6.1 (4.0–10.0) pmol/L, P = 0.0025] and aldosterone [440 (336–521) versus 237 (173–386) pmol/L; P &lt; 0.0001]. Despite RAAS activation, systolic BP (117.6 ± 5.8 versus 118.2 ± 5.2 mmHg; P = 0.48) and diastolic BP (70.8 ± 6.2 versus 70.8 ± 6.3 mmHg; P = 0.97) were unchanged. In the wire myograph experiments, higher potassium intake did not affect endothelial function as assessed by acetylcholine [logarithmically transformed half maximal effective concentration (pEC50): 7.66 ± 0.95 versus 7.59 ± 0.85; P = 0.86] and substance P (pEC50: 8.42 ± 0.77 versus 8.41 ± 0.89; P = 0.97) or vascular smooth muscle cell reactivity as assessed by angiotensin II (pEC50: 9.01 ± 0.86 versus 9.02 ± 0.59; P = 0.93) and sodium nitroprusside (pEC50: 7.85 ± 1.07 versus 8.25 ± 1.32; P = 0.25) but attenuated the vasodilatory response of retigabine (pEC50: 7.47 ± 1.16 versus 8.14 ± 0.90; P = 0.0084), an activator of Kv7 channels.

Conclusions
Four weeks of increased potassium intake activates the RAAS in normotensive men without changing BP and this is not explained by improved vasodilatory responses ex vivo.
Decoupling gene functions from knockout effects by evolutionary analyses
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Mengdi , Zhang Di , Deng Shanjun , Chen Piaopiao , Yang Jing , Xie Yunhan , He Xionglei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Genic functions have long been confounded by pleiotropic mutational effects. To understand such genetic effects, we examine HAP4, a well-studied transcription factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that functions by forming a tetramer with HAP2, HAP3 and HAP5. Deletion of HAP4 results in highly pleiotropic gene expression responses, some of which are clustered in related cellular processes (clustered effects) while most are distributed randomly across diverse cellular processes (distributed effects). Strikingly, the distributed effects that account for much of HAP4 pleiotropy tend to be non-heritable in a population, suggesting they have few evolutionary consequences. Indeed, these effects are poorly conserved in closely related yeasts. We further show substantial overlaps of clustered effects, but not distributed effects, among the four genes encoding the HAP2/3/4/5 tetramer. This pattern holds for other biochemically characterized yeast protein complexes or metabolic pathways. Examination of a set of cell morphological traits of the deletion lines yields consistent results. Hence, only some deletion effects of a gene support related biochemical understandings with the rest being often pleiotropic and evolutionarily decoupled from the gene's normal functions. This study suggests a new framework for reverse genetic analysis.
Luchino Visconti
Authors: Hennessey Brendan 
Published: April 2020

Luchino Visconti (b. 1906–d. 1976) was one of Italy’s foremost directors of cinema, theater, and opera. A cultural figurehead of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), Visconti was seen as a major cinematic interpreter of the Italian Hegelian-Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci. To this political affiliation, one can also attach his upbringing as a Milanese nobleman and background as a gay man that would also influence interpretations of his films. Following a tutelage under French director Jean Renoir on films Une partie de campagne (1936) and Tosca (1940), Visconti inaugurated his own career in cinema with Ossessione (1942), the presumptive first film of Italian neorealism when directors in Italy turned their attention to the plight of the commoner, struggling in the wake of the Fascist dictatorship and the Second World War. Ossessione was followed by neorealist landmarks La terra trema (1948) and Bellissima (1951) and, a few years later, the neorealist-inspired Rocco e i suoi fratelli (1960). These films introduced the conflux of realism, formalism, and melodrama for which Visconti’s cinema would be subsequently associated. Such characteristics were also evident in his parallel career on the Italian stage, where Visconti established himself as one of the nation’s preeminent directors of prose theater and opera. This activity on stage would contribute to Visconti’s reputation for working across media. In his cinema, structures from and allusions to theater, painting, and literature abound. Twelve of his eighteen films were based on one or more literary works, with Morte a Venezia (1971) celebrated as a groundbreaking chapter in European literary adaptation. His 1967 film, Lo straniero (1967), on the other hand, was panned for its slavish illustration of Camus’s book. To these and other literary-inspired works, Visconti added a few documentaries and numerous films set in contemporary Italy (episodes of Anna Magnani [1953] and Il lavoro [1961]; Le notti bianche [1957]; Vaghe stelle dell’Orsa [1965]) together with some of the largest-scale historical films in postwar European cinema. Senso (1954) and Il Gattopardo (1963) instantiate historiographically rich analyses of Italian independence in the late nineteenth century. The biopic Ludwig (1974) is set in Bavaria during the same period, while La caduta degli dei (1969) pictures the rise of Nazism in Germany of the 1930s. During the filming of Ludwig, Visconti suffered a stroke that would cast a pall over Gruppo di famiglia in un interno (1974) and the posthumous L’Innocente (1976), an ornate tragedy based on a novel by Gabriele D’Annunzio.
The Burden of Bloodstream Infections due to Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia in the United States: A Large, Retrospective Database Study
Authors: Cai Bin , Tillotson Glenn , Benjumea Darrin , Callahan Patrick , Echols Roger 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen observed in both nosocomial and community-onset infections. S. maltophilia is intrinsically resistant to many currently available broad-spectrum antibiotics and is often not included in antimicrobial resistance surveillance studies or stewardship programs’ guidelines.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of patients with S. maltophilia bloodstream infection (BSI) in the United States was conducted using the 2010–2015 US Premier Healthcare Database. This study described patient characteristics, infection characteristics, antibiotic treatment, and discharge status.

Results
S. maltophilia was the most common carbapenem-resistant, gram-negative pathogen causing BSIs in this database. Of 486 unique patients with S. maltophilia BSI, 44.6% were assessed as community-onset, 95% of cultures were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and 84% were susceptible to fluoroquinolones; 39.1% of patients received a potentially effective antibiotic (fluoroquinolone, doxycycline, ceftazidime, minocycline, or TMP-SMX) during the empiric treatment period (≤3 days post–index culture date), whereas 85.8% received a potential effective antibiotics during the definitive treatment period. The most common antibiotic received as definitive treatment was levofloxacin (48.9%). TMP-SMX was used infrequently empirically (10.5%) and in 38.3% during the definitive period. Compared with BSIs caused by other carbapenem-resistant gram-negative pathogens, S. maltophilia BSIs were more likely to be community-onset, and were more likely to be discharged to home and to have a lower mortality rate.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that patients at risk for S. maltophilia BSI are highly variable and that standard of care is not clearly defined, leading to questions regarding the appropriateness of antibiotic treatment among patients. Further efforts are needed to better recognize and treat S. maltophilia BSI.
Managerial Attributes, Incentives, and Performance
Authors: Coles Jeffrey L , Li Zhichuan (Frank) 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We examine the relative importance of observed and unobserved firm- and manager-specific heterogeneities in determining executive compensation incentives and firm policy, risk, and performance. First, we decompose executive incentives into time-variant and time-invariant firm and manager components. Manager fixed effects supply 73% (60%) of explained variation in delta (vega). Second, controlling for manager fixed effects alters parameter estimates and corresponding inference on observed firm and manager characteristics. Third, larger CEO delta (vega) fixed effects predict better firm performance (riskier corporate policies and higher firm risk). These results suggest that the delta (vega) fixed effect captures managerial ability (risk aversion). (JEL G3, G32, G34, J24, J31, J33)
Received September 7, 2018; editorial decision February 21, 2020 by Editor Andrew Ellul.