bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using loss- and gain-of-function approaches to target amygdala-projecting serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus that enhance anxiety-related and conditioned fear behaviors
Authors: Bernabe Cristian S , Caliman Izabela F , Truitt William A , Molosh Andrei I , Lowry Christopher A , Hay-Schmidt Anders , Shekhar Anantha , Johnson Philip L 
Published: March 2020

Background: The central serotonergic system originating from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) plays a critical role in anxiety and trauma-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder. Although many studies have investigated the role of serotonin (5-HT) within pro-fear brain regions such as the amygdala, the majority of these studies have utilized non-selective pharmacological approaches or poorly understood lesioning techniques which limit their interpretation. Aim: Here we investigated the role of amygdala-projecting 5-HT neurons in the DR in innate anxiety and conditioned fear behaviors. Methods: To achieve this goal, we utilized (1) selective lesion of 5-HT neurons projecting to the amygdala with saporin toxin conjugated to anti-serotonin transporter (SERT) injected into the amygdala, and (2) optogenetic excitation of amygdala-projecting DR cell bodies with a combination of a retrogradely transported canine adenovirus-expressing Cre-recombinase injected into the amygdala and a Cre-dependent-channelrhodopsin injected into the DR. Results: While saporin treatment lesioned both local amygdalar 5-HT fibers and neurons in the DR as well as reduced conditioned fear behavior, optical activation of amygdala-projecting DR neurons enhanced anxious behavior and conditioned fear response. Conclusion: Collectively, these studies support the hypothesis that amygdala-projecting 5-HT neurons in the DR represent an anxiety and fear-on network.
Development of a total hip replacement phantom for the assessment of CT-image quality
Authors: Muellensiefen Mara , Tins Bernhard , Kuiper Jan-Herman , Weber Marc-André , Krakowski-Roosen Holger 
Published: March 2020

Background The quality of computed tomography (CT) imaging is important when used to judge the success of joint replacement surgery. Metal artefacts are a known source of error, typically compensated by noise reduction software. Purpose To develop a transportable and stable system for the assessment of image quality of bone lesions around orthopedic implants. Material and Methods The design and manufacture of a bone-implant-phantom is described, which is based on a calf acetabulum with surrounding pelvic bone structures. Bone lesions of several sizes were created in the acetabulum before implanting the cup of an uncemented hip prosthesis, which was fixed with a stainless-steel bone screw. Plastic strips were placed on a cobalt–chromium stemmed femoral component, simulating typical bone lesions around loosening or infected prostheses, before embedding the stem in material similar to bone and shaped like a femur. The head of the femoral component was then placed in the acetabular cup and CT scans were produced. Results It was possible to construct a durable CT hip phantom for quality assurance work. The usability of different materials and the choices made for the phantom are discussed. Conclusion It is possible to construct a durable joint implant phantom for quality assurance and scanner hardware and software assessment with limited resources. The phantom was successfully used in the assessment of the hardware and software performance of different CT scanners.
The prevalence of hypnic headache in Iceland
Authors: Eliasson Jon H , Scher Ann I , Buse Dawn C , Tietjen Gretchen , Lipton Richard B , Launer Lenore J , Valdimarsdottir Unnur A , Gudmundsson Larus S 
Published: March 2020

Objective To determine the prevalence of hypnic headache. Background The exact prevalence of hypnic headache is unknown since there are no published population-based prevalence studies. Methods This study was a pilot for the SAGA cohort study, a population-based study on life stressors and various indices of health. Of 1398 invited adults, 921 (66%) participated; 402 men (average age 45.6 years, SD 13.2) and 519 women (52.6 years, SD 11.1). Subjects answered a headache questionnaire including a screening question for hypnic headache. “Do you have a headache that occurs only during sleep and causes wakening?”. Diagnosis of hypnic headache was made by clinical interview using ICHD-3 criteria. Results Among 921 participants, six screened positive for hypnic headache, of those two 0.22% (95% CI 0.06–0.79%) had probable hypnic headache and none had definite hypnic headache. Conclusion Confirming that hypnic headache is rare, these data suggest a 0.22% prevalence of probable hypnic headache.
Medication overuse headache in 787 patients admitted for inpatient treatment over a period of 32 years
Authors: Salhofer-Polanyi Sabine , Zebenholzer Karin , Berndl Thomas , Kastrati Kastriot , Raab Sandra , Schweitzer Patricia , Stria Tim , Topic Pavao , Wöber Christian 
Published: March 2020

Background Definitions of medication overuse headache have changed over time. Objective To evaluate the clinical characteristics of medication overuse headache patients admitted for inpatient withdrawal therapy over a period of 32 years. Methods We included all patients with medication overuse headache treated from 1 January 1984 to 31 December 2015. We obtained all data from the medical reports and defined three periods, P1 (1984–1993), P2 (1994–2003), and P3 (2004–2015). The p-value adjusted for multiple comparisons was set to 0.005. Results Within 32 years, a total of 787 patients accounted for 904 admissions for MOH. From P1 to P3, the proportion of patients with preexisting migraine increased from 44.3% to 53.3% (chi2 = 9.0, p = 0.01) and that with preexisting tension-type headache decreased from 47.9% to 34.6% (chi2 = 9.3, p < 0.01). The median time since onset of headache and medication overuse headache decreased from 20 to 15 years ( p < 0.001) and from 3 to 2 years ( p < 0.001). The median cumulative number of single doses decreased from 120 to 90 per month ( p = 0.002). Overuse of triptans, non-opioid analgesics, and opioids increased, whereas overuse of ergotamines decreased over time ( p < 0.001 for all tests). The use of prophylactic medication before admission increased from 8.3% to 29.9% (chi2 = 89.5, p < 0.001). Conclusion This retrospective study in a large number of patients with medication overuse headache admitted for inpatient withdrawal therapy over a period of 32 years shows a trend towards changes in the preexisting headache type, a decrease in the time since onset of headache and medication overuse headache, a decrease in the number of drug doses used per month, changes in the type of drugs overused, and an increase in, but still low rate, of prophylactic medication prior to admission.
Exploring Self-Leadership Development of Malaysian Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Rasdi Roziah Mohd , Hamzah Siti Raba’ah , Yean Tan Fee 
Published: March 2020

The Problem In Malaysia, women entrepreneurs are underrepresented, and little is known about their development of self-leadership. Official statistics indicate that approximately half of the businesses run by women remain underperforming. This shows that women entrepreneurs’ self-leadership is an issue that should be addressed. The Solution This study aims to explore self-leadership development of Malaysian women entrepreneurs. Qualitative interviews with seven women entrepreneurs were conducted. The study findings indicated that self-leadership is a process that can be developed and mastered by women entrepreneurs so that they have better chances of success in their business start-ups. This study provides a model of the self-leadership process that illustrates a range of influences that are likely to contribute to women entrepreneurs’ self-leadership development. The Stakeholders The model developed would be beneficial to human resource development (HRD) practitioners and Malaysian government agencies (e.g., SME Corporation Malaysia) that design and deliver interventions (e.g., incubator programs and training workshops) focusing on women entrepreneurs’ self-leadership development.
Comparative study between open and arthroscopic techniques for scaphoid excision and four-corner arthrodesis
Authors: Shim Jae Woo , Kim Joo Whan , Park Min Jong 
Published: March 2020

This study presents our technique of arthroscopic scaphoid excision and four-corner arthrodesis and compares the clinical and radiological outcomes with those achieved with the open method. Twenty-seven patients (14 in arthroscopy group and 13 in open group) were included. Bone union was achieved in 13 of 14 patients in the arthroscopy group and in all 13 patients in the open group. In the open group, severe stiffness (flexion–extension arc was 10°) occurred in one patient after surgery. The mean postoperative flexion–extension arc was 75° and 51° in the arthroscopy group and open group, respectively. The pain, clinical scores, and radiological indices were improved in both arthroscopy and open groups. Arthroscopic and open scaphoid excision and four-corner arthrodesis did not show significant differences in clinical outcomes and bone union rates. The arthroscopic method provided a superior range of motion. Level of evidence: III
The effectiveness of a specialist Hypertension Clinic in reducing blood pressure: Factors determining blood pressure response
Authors: O’Callaghan Georgina , Butt Mariam , Ferro Albert 
Published: March 2020

Objectives We retrospectively assessed both blood pressure response to management in a specialist Hypertension Clinic and the predictors of response. Design Retrospective data audit. Setting Hypertension Clinic at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK. Participants One hundred and twenty-two sequential patients attending the clinic between January 2017 and October 2018. Patients were excluded if they had previously been seen in the clinic, failed to attend their initial appointment or did not return after their initial appointment. Outcome measure Change in blood pressure readings between first and last recorded appointments. Results Systolic blood pressure decreased from 149 ± 20 mmHg to 140 ± 17 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure from 92 ± 13 to 86 ± 1 mmHg, between the first and last recorded appointments (P < 0.05 for each). Those patients who reached target blood pressure were significantly younger than those who did not (age 45 ± 14 versus 52 ± 17 years, P = 0.0171); however, the degree of blood pressure reduction was independent of age, and younger subjects had a baseline blood pressure significantly lower than older subjects. Sex, body mass index and lifestyle interventions had an important effect on blood pressure reduction; however, these were not associated with attainment of target blood pressure. Conclusion Specialist hypertension input is effective in helping patients to achieve target blood pressure, especially so in younger as compared to older hypertensive patients, but this appears to be related to the fact that blood pressure in younger patients is already closer to target at baseline. Blood pressure reduction is greater in women, those with higher body mass index and those who receive lifestyle interventions.
The development of a cryptoglandular Anal Fistula Core Outcome Set (AFCOS): an international Delphi study protocol
Authors: Machielsen A.J.H.M. , Iqbal N. , Kimman M.L. , Sahnan K. , Adegbola S.O. , Kleijnen J. , Vaizey C.J. , Grossi U. , Tozer P.J. , Breukink S.O. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeCryptoglandular anal fistula is a disorder with an incidence of around 1 per 5,000 people per year in European countries. Many studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for anal fistula. However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the outcomes assessed and reported in these studies. This limits research quality and complicates evidence synthesis. A solution for heterogeneity in outcome reporting is the development of a Core Outcome Set (COS). This paper describes the protocol for the development of a European COS for Anal Fistula (AFCOS).MethodsThe first step will be a systematic review of the literature to identify potential outcomes that may be included in the COS. Patient interviews will be conducted in The United Kingdom and The Netherlands to ensure that both clinician‐important and patient‐important outcomes are captured. The outcomes will be categorized using the COMET taxonomy and taken forward to a Delphi consensus exercise. In up to three web‐based Delphi surveys the outcomes will be prioritized by patients, clinicians (surgeons, gastroenterologists, and radiologists), and (clinical) researchers. The responses will be summarized and reported anonymously in subsequent round(s) facilitating convergence to a consensus opinion. The final COS will be decided during a face‐to‐face consensus meeting with patients, clinicians, and (clinical) researchers.DiscussionThis study protocol describes the development of a European COS for anal fistula to improve research quality, evidence synthesis, and patient care.
CATS: Cas9-assisted tag switching. A high-throughput method for exchanging genomic peptide tags in yeast
Authors: Berry Lisa K. , Thomas Grace Heredge , Thorpe Peter H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The creation of arrays of yeast strains each encoding a different protein with constant tags is a powerful method for understanding how genes and their proteins control cell function. As genetic tools become more sophisticated there is a need to create custom libraries encoding proteins fused with specialised tags to query gene function. These include protein tags that enable a multitude of added functionality, such as conditional degradation, fluorescent labelling, relocalization or activation and also DNA and RNA tags that enable barcoding of genes or their mRNA products. Tools for making new libraries or modifying existing ones are becoming available, but are often limited by the number of strains they can be realistically applied to or by the need for a particular starting library.

Results
We present a new recombination-based method, CATS – Cas9-Assisted Tag Switching, that switches tags in any existing library of yeast strains. This method employs the reprogrammable RNA guided nuclease, Cas9, to both introduce endogenous double strand breaks into the genome as well as liberating a linear DNA template molecule from a plasmid. It exploits the relatively high efficiency of homologous recombination in budding yeast compared with non-homologous end joining.

Conclusions
The method takes less than 2 weeks, is cost effective and can simultaneously introduce multiple genetic changes, thus providing a rapid, genome-wide approach to genetic modification.
Trend analysis of the role of circular RNA in goat skeletal muscle development
Authors: Ling Yinghui , Zheng Qi , Zhu Lu , Xu Lina , Sui Menghua , Zhang Yunhai , Liu Ya , Fang Fugui , Chu Mingxing , Ma Yuehui , Zhang Xiaorong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Circular RNA (circRNA) is produced during the splicing of mRNA (in addition to linear splicing) and is part of the gene regulatory network. The temporal expression patterns the different developmental stages were inseparable from these molecules’ function.

Results
Skeletal muscles of Anhui white goat (AWG) across seven fetal to postnatal development stages were sequenced and 21 RNA sequencing libraries were constructed. We thereby identified 9090 circRNAs and analyzed their molecular properties, temporal expression patterns, and potential functions at the different stages. CircRNAs showed complexities and diversity of formation as the same host gene produces multiple isoforms of these nucleic acids with different expression profiles. The differential expression of 2881 circRNAs (DECs, P < 0.05) was identified and four were randomly selected and validated by qPCR. Moreover, 1118 DECs under strict selected (SDECs, |log2FC| > 2 and P-adj value < 0.01) showed 4 expression trends (Clusters 0, 19, 16 and 18). Cluster 0 molecules had increasing expression at all stages with effects on muscle through metabolism, regulation of enzyme activity, and biosynthesis. Cluster 16 circRNAs had high expression in the early and late stages and are involved in “Wnt signaling pathway”, “AMPK signaling pathway” and others. Cluster 18 molecules were mainly expressed at F120 and participate in “cytoskeletal protein binding”, “Notch signaling pathway” and so on. Cluster 19 circRNAs were down-regulated at all stages and related to muscle structure and development. Lastly, the SDECs divided the period of skeletal muscle development into three transitional stages: stage 1 (F45 to F90), which related to muscle satellite cell proliferation and muscle fiber structure; stage 2 (F90 to B1), in which the attachment of the cytoplasmic surface to the actin cytoskeleton initiates; and stage 3, which involved the “cGMP-PKG signaling pathway”. Moreover, the paraffin sections messages also validated that there are three transitional stages of skeletal muscle development.

Conclusion
Our current study provides a catalog of goat muscle-related circRNAs that can stratify skeletal muscle development fetus 45 days to newborn 90 days into three developmental stages. These findings better our understanding of functional transitions during mammalian muscle development.
Features of serum fatty acids in acute ischaemic stroke patients aged 50 years or older
Authors: Mori Takahisa , Yoshioka Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Serum fatty acid (s-FA) compositions and their correlation with serum lipids (s-LPs) such as total cholesterol (T-CHO) and triglycerides (TG) have been reported in healthy young subjects. However, little is known about such features in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). The aim of our study was to investigate s-FA characteristics and their correlation with AIS in elderly patients.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients aged 50 years or older who were admitted between September 2015 and March 2017 within 24 h of the first AIS onset. We evaluated concentrations and compositions of s-FAs and their association with s-LPs, age, and ischaemic stroke subtypes, including large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), small-vessel occlusion (SVO), and cardioembolism (CE) or others.

Results
One hundred ninety-one patients met our inclusion criteria. Their average age was 74.4 years, mean T-CHO and median TG were 203.4 and 94.5 mg/dl, respectively, and median or mean concentrations of palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OlA), linoleic acid (LiA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were 680.7, 602.5, 795.2, and 136.9 μg/ml, respectively, with mean compositions of 23.7, 21.3, 27.1, and 4.4%, respectively. PA, OlA, and LiA concentrations were weakly negatively associated with age and positively correlated with TG. In LAA or SVO (LAA_SVO) and CE or others (CE_O), mean age was 71.9 and 77.4 years (p < 0.001), mean T-CHO was 213.9 and 191.2 mg/dl (p < 0.0001), median TG was 106.5 and 88.5 mg/dl (p < 0.01), median PA was 717.2 and 648.4 μg/ml (p < 0.01), median OlA was 638.2 and 567.5 μg/ml (p < 0.01), and median LiA was 844.7 and 728.5 μg/ml (p < 0.01), respectively. DHA composition was weakly positively correlated with age. There were no differences in PA, OlA, LiA, and DHA compositions between LAA_SVO and CE_O.

Conclusions
In AIS elderly patients, concentrations, rather than compositions of PA, OlA, and LiA, correlated with age, TG, and ischaemic stroke subtypes. Patients with LAA_SVO were younger and had higher concentrations of PA, OlA, and LiA than those with CE_O. There were no differences in such compositions between LAA_SVO and CE_O.
Comparison of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients’ dietary behaviors
Authors: Kim Seon-Mi , Kang Byung Chin , Kim Hyun-Jung , Kyung Min-Sook , Oh Hyung Jung , Kim Jung-Hyun , Kwon Oran , Ryu Dong-Ryeol 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundNutritional factors are associated with high mortality and morbidity in dialysis patients, and protein-energy wasting is regarded as an important one. The modality of dialysis may affect patients’ dietary behavior and nutritional status, but no study has compared the dietary behavior, nutrient intake, and nutritional adequacy of hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.MethodsFrom December 2016 to May 2017, a dietary behavior survey and Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (Semi-FFQ) were conducted on 30 HD patients and 30 PD patients in Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, and laboratory parameters were obtained. The results of prevalent HD and PD patients were then compared.ResultsThe mean age of HD patients was higher than that of PD patients; HD: 58.5 ± 9.1 years, PD: 49.3 ± 9.7 years (p = 0.001). In the dietary behavior survey, HD patients showed more appropriate dietary behavior patterns overall than PD patients. In the dietary intake analysis with the Semi-FFQ, energy intake was significantly lower in the PD group than in the HD group due to the lower intake of carbohydrates, fat, and protein. A comparison of nutrient intake-to-recommended allowance ratio between the HD and PD groups revealed that the HD group showed higher nutrient intake than the PD group. Serum albumin and potassium levels were significantly higher in HD than in PD patients.ConclusionAccording to this study, the dietary behavior and nutritional intake of prevalent PD patients were worse than those of HD patients.
Pseudo-inflammatory manifestations of choroidal lymphoma resembling Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: case report based on multimodal imaging
Authors: Fukutsu Kanae , Namba Kenichi , Iwata Daiju , Mizuuchi Kazuomi , Kase Satoru , Suzuki Kayo , Shimizu Hiroshi , Shibata Yukiko , Yamawaki Fumihiko , Onozawa Masahiro , Ishida Susumu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Hematologic malignancies occasionally cause serous retinal detachment (SRD); however, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Here we present the imaging characteristics of metastatic choroidal lymphoma masquerading as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease.

Case presentation
A 45-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our clinic because of bilateral SRD with blurred vision. Fluorescein angiography revealed multiple pinpoint leakage followed by pooling OU. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography showed marked choroidal thickening OU. Laser speckle flowgraphy detected choroidal circulation impairment OU. Although these results totally agreed with the inflammatory manifestations of acute VKH disease, indocyanine green angiography demonstrated various sizes of sharply marginated hypofluorescent lesions that seemed atypical for the finding of VKH disease, i.e., vaguely marginated hypofluorescent small dots. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was not detected. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis together with elevation of lactate dehydrogenase and soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels. Corticosteroid pulse therapy did not improve any ocular findings. Bone marrow biopsy was then performed, leading to a definite diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After starting systemic chemotherapy, both SRD and choroidal thickening resolved rapidly with visual recovery. However, choroidal hypoperfusion persisted, which contrasted distinctly with the inflammatory pattern of VKH disease, i.e., the restoration of choroidal blood flow in parallel with normalization of choroidal thickness.

Conclusions
Our detailed multimodal observations highlighted the differential imaging features of choroidal lymphoma despite close resemblance to VKH disease especially at the initial stage. Impaired circulation in the thickened choroid marked the pseudo-inflammatory pathogenesis of SRD due to choroidal involvement with neoplastic, but not inflammatory cells.