bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐extraction dimensional changes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Couso‐Queiruga Emilio , Stuhr Sandra , Tattan Mustafa , Chambrone Leandro , Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo analyse the evidence pertaining to post‐extraction dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge after unassisted socket healing.Materials and MethodsThe protocol of this PRISMA‐compliant systematic review (SRs) was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020178857). A literature search to identify studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria was conducted. Data of interest were extracted. Qualitative and random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed if at least two studies with comparable features and variables reported the same outcome of interest.ResultsTwenty‐eight articles were selected, of which 20 could be utilized for the conduction of quantitative analyses by method of assessment (i.e. clinical vs radiographic measurements) and location (i.e. non‐molar vs molar sites). Pooled estimates revealed that mean horizontal, vertical mid‐facial and mid‐lingual ridge reduction assessed clinically in non‐molar sites was 2.73 mm (95% CI: 2.36–3.11), 1.71 mm (95% CI: 1.30–2.12) and 1.44 mm (95% CI: 0.78–2.10), respectively. Mean horizontal, vertical mid‐facial and mid‐lingual ridge reduction assessed radiographically in non‐molar sites was 2.54 mm (95% CI: 1.97–3.11), 1.65 mm (95% CI: 0.42–2.88) and 0.87 mm (95% CI: 0.36–1.38), respectively. Mean horizontal, vertical mid‐facial and mid‐lingual ridge reduction assessed radiographically in molar sites was 3.61 mm (95% CI: 3.24–3.98), 1.46 mm (95% CI: 0.73–2.20) and 1.20 mm (95% CI: 0.56–1.83), respectively.ConclusionA variable amount of alveolar bone resorption occurs after unassisted socket healing depending on tooth type.
Potential biomarker in serum for predicting susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus: Free fatty acid 22:6
Authors: Ma Yinghua , Xiong Jianyu , Zhang Xueting , Qiu Tongtong , Pang Huai , Li Xue , Zhu Jiaojiao , Wang Jingzhou , Pan Chongge , Yang Xin , Chu Xiaolong , Yang Bingqi , Wang Cuizhe , Zhang Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus is closely linked to increased levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) in obese individuals, although which FFA is most associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus is unclear. This study aimed to identify the specific FFAs that best predict the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese individuals, and assess their potential application value.Materials and MethodsParticipants were divided into three groups: a normal weight group (n = 20), an obese group (n = 10) and a type 2 diabetes mellitus group (n = 10). FFAs in serum samples were determined by ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis models were used to study the FFA profile among the three groups.ResultsCompared with the normal weight group, 14 FFAs (C8:0/10:0/14:0/16:1/18:1/20:2/ 20:3 /20:4/ 20:5/ 22:6/7:0/9:0/11:0 and C13:0) were significantly increased in the obese group, and nine FFAs (C14:0, C18:1, C20:1, C 18:2, C20:2, C20:3, C18:3, C20:5 and C22:6) were significantly increased in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group. Subsequently, the Venn diagram results showed that six FFAs (C14:0, C18:1, C20:2, C20:3, C20:5 and C22:6) were significantly increased in both the obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus groups. Among these six, C22:6 was finally identified as an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and had a great potential to predict the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (area under the curve 0.803).ConclusionsC22:6 can be an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and it has a great potential to predict the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Rapid and sustained control of itch and reduction in Th2 bias by dupilumab in a patient with Sézary syndrome
Authors: Steck O. , Bertschi N.L. , Luther F. , van den Berg J. , Winkel D.J. , Holbro A. , Schlapbach C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSézary syndrome is a leukaemic variant of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma with poor prognosis. With the exception of stem cell transplantation, current treatments for SS are not curative. Rather, they aim at reducing disease burden and improving quality of life. Yet, pruritus – the major cause for impaired quality of life in these patients – is notoriously difficult to treat. Thus, supportive treatments addressing agonizing pruritus are urgently needed.ObjectivesTo explore the clinical and immunological effects of type 2 cytokine blockade with dupilumab as supportive treatment in Sézary syndrome.MethodsA Sézary syndrome patient with stable disease but intractable pruritus was treated with dupilumab in combination with continued extracorporeal photopheresis. Close clinical and immunological monitoring on blood and skin samples from the patient was performed over 44 weeks. In vitro assays with patient's lymphoma cells were performed to address effects of dupilumab on Sézary cell's response to Th2 cytokines.ResultsClinically, dupilumab treatment induced rapid and sustained reduction in itch and improvement of skin and lymph node involvement. In both blood and skin, a reduction in Th2 bias was observed. Intriguingly, lymphocyte counts and Sézary cells in blood increased and later stabilized under dupilumab treatment. In vitro, dupilumab abrogated the anti‐apoptotic and activating effects of Th2 cytokines on Sézary cells.ConclusionsIn this Sézary patient, inhibition of IL‐4 and IL‐13 signalling was associated with striking clinical benefit in terms of quality of life, pruritus and use of topical corticosteroids. While safety remains an important concern, our data support the future exploration of Th2 modulation for supportive care in Sézary Syndrome.
Development of a Piscirickettsia salmonis immersion challenge model to investigate the comparative susceptibility of three salmon species
Authors: Long Amy , Goodall Aidan , Jones Simon R.M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPiscirickettsia salmonis, the aetiological agent of salmonid rickettsial septicaemia (SRS), is a global pathogen of wild and cultured marine salmonids. Here, we describe the development and application of a reproducible, standardized immersion challenge model to induce clinical SRS in juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), Atlantic (Salmo salar) and sockeye salmon (O. nerka). Following a 1‐hr immersion in 105 colony‐forming units/ml, cumulative mortality in Atlantic salmon was 63.2% while mortality in sockeye salmon was 10%. Prevalence and levels of the bacterium in kidney prior to onset of mortality were lower in sockeye compared with Atlantic or pink salmon. The timing and magnitude of bacterial shedding were estimated from water samples collected during the exposure trials. Shedding was estimated to be 82‐fold higher in Atlantic salmon as compared to sockeye salmon and peaked in the Atlantic salmon trial at 36 d post‐immersion. These data suggest sockeye salmon are less susceptible to P. salmonis than Atlantic or pink salmon. Finally, skin lesions were observed on infected fish during all trials, often in the absence of detectable infection in kidney. As a result, we hypothesize that skin is the primary point of entry for P. salmonis during the immersion challenge.
Preliminary Validation of a Patient‐Reported Measure of the Age‐Friendliness of Health Care
Authors: Wright Melanie C. , Fulmer Terry , Boult Chad 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVETo evaluate the validity and reliability of a patient‐reported measure of the “age‐friendliness” of health care.DESIGNBased on four essential domains of high‐quality health care for older outpatients (Medications, Mobility, Mentation and “what Matters,” i.e., the 4 M's), we drafted a five‐item questionnaire for older outpatients to rate the age‐friendliness of their health care. One question addressed each of the 4 M's; the fifth addressed the overall age‐friendliness of their care. After feedback from healthcare professionals, quality improvement experts, and a patient‐caregiver focus group, we revised the items to create the Age‐Friendliness Questionnaire (AFQ).SETTINGWe tested the AFQ by appending it to two surveys.PARTICIPANTSOlder outpatients in Idaho during July to October 2019: Survey 1, with 23 other items, was sent to 1,257 older patients who were medically complex; Survey 2, with 35 other items, was sent to 2,873 older patients who visited outpatient primary care providers (PCPs) during the specified time period.MEASUREMENTSRespondents rated their providers’ performance using a 1 to 5 (“never” to “always”) scale for each of the five items (possible AFQ scores = 5–25).RESULTSThe response rates were 41.4% and 33.3%, respectively. In Survey 1, the mean AFQ score from patients who had received care from a geriatrics consult clinic was higher than that from patients who had received their care from PCPs (19.3 vs 15.6; P < .001), and AFQ scores correlated with other quality‐of‐care scores. In Survey 2, AFQ scores predicted respondents’ likelihood of recommending their providers to others (P < .001). The AFQ exhibited high internal reliability (interitem correlations = .49–.77; Cronbach's α = .89).CONCLUSIONThe AFQ appears to be a valid and reliable measure of the age‐friendliness of outpatient care for older patients, and it predicts the likelihood that they will recommend their providers to others.
Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Vlastra Wieneke , van Nieuwkerk Astrid C. , Bronzwaer Anne‐Sophie G.T. , Versteeg Adriaan , Bron Esther E. , Niessen Wiro J. , Mutsaerts Henk J.M.M. , van der Ster Björn J.P. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Biessels Geert J. , Nederveen Aart J. , Daemen Mat J.A.P. , van Osch Matthias J.P. , Baan Jan , Piek Jan J. , Van Lieshout Johannes J. , Delewi Ronak 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUNDTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive, life‐saving treatment for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis that improves quality of life. We examined cardiac output and cerebral blood flow in patients undergoing TAVI to test the hypothesis that improved cardiac output after TAVI is associated with an increase in cerebral blood flow.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGEuropean high‐volume tertiary multidisciplinary cardiac care.PARTICIPANTSThirty‐one patients (78.3 ± 4.6 years; 61% female) with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis.MEASUREMENTSNoninvasive prospective assessment of cardiac output (L/min) by inert gas rebreathing and cerebral blood flow of the total gray matter (mL/100 g per min) using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging in resting state less than 24 hours before TAVI and at 3‐month follow‐up. Cerebral blood flow change was defined as the difference relative to baseline.RESULTSOn average, cardiac output in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis increased from 4.0 ± 1.1 to 5.4 ± 2.4 L/min after TAVI (P = .003). The increase in cerebral blood flow after TAVI strongly varied between patients (7% ± 24%; P = .41) and related to the increase in cardiac output, with an 8.2% (standard error = 2.3%; P = .003) increase in cerebral blood flow per every additional liter of cardiac output following the TAVI procedure.CONCLUSIONFollowing TAVI, there was an association of increase in cardiac output with increase in cerebral blood flow. These findings encourage future larger studies to determine the influence of TAVI on cerebral blood flow and cognitive function.
Involvement of the C‐terminal domain in cell surface localization and G‐protein coupling of mGluR6
Authors: Rai Dilip , Akagi Takumi , Shimohata Atsushi , Ishii Toshiyuki , Gangi Mie , Maruyama Takuma , Wada‐Kiyama Yuko , Ogiwara Ikuo , Kaneda Makoto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetabotropic glutamate receptor 6, mGluR6, interacts with scaffold proteins and Gβγ subunits via its intracellular C‐terminal domain (CTD). The mGluR6 pathway is critically involved in the retinal processing of visual signals. We herein investigated whether the CTD (residues 840–871) was necessary for mGluR6 cell surface localization and G‐protein coupling using mGluR6‐CTD mutants with immunocytochemistry, surface biotinylation assays, and electrophysiological approaches. We used 293T cells and primary hippocampal neurons as model systems. We examined C‐terminally truncated mGluR6 and showed that the removal of up to residue 858 did not affect surface localization or glutamate‐induced G‐protein‐mediated responses, whereas a 15‐amino acid deletion (Δ857‐871) impaired these functions. However, a 21‐amino acid deletion (Δ851‐871) restored surface localization and glutamate‐dependent responses, which were again attenuated when the entire CTD was removed. The sequence alignment of group III mGluRs showed conserved amino acids resembling an ER retention motif in the CTD. These results suggest that the intracellular CTD is required for the cell surface transportation and receptor function of mGluR6, whereas it may contain regulatory elements for intracellular trafficking and signaling.
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Functional properties of single motor units in the human medial pterygoid muscle: Thresholds
Authors: Chen Hui , Whittle Terry , Gal John , Klineberg Iven J. , Murray Greg M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known regarding the functional properties of single motor units (SMUs) in the medial pterygoid muscle (MPt) during jaw movements.ObjectivesThe aims are (a) to report the thresholds of onset of MPt SMUs during 4 goal‐directed jaw movement tasks, and (b) to determine whether the threshold of onset of SMU activation varies with the velocity of jaw movement and the location within the muscle.MethodsIntra‐muscular electrodes were inserted in the right MPt of 18 participants performing ipsilateral (right), contralateral, protrusive and opening‐closing jaw movements recorded at 2 velocities. Task phases were as follows: BEFORE, OUT, HOLDING, RETURN and AFTER. SMU onset thresholds were determined from the displacement (mm) of the lower mid‐incisor point. Electrode location within 4 arbitrary muscle divisions was determined with computer tomography. Statistical tests: Spearman's correlations, Kruskal‐Wallis tests; significance accepted at P < .05.ResultsA significant inverse relation occurred between velocity and threshold for the RETURN of the ipsilateral movement (n = 62 SMU thresholds), while a significant positive relation occurred for the OUT of the contralateral movement (n = 208); there were no significant associations for the protrusive (n = 131) and opening‐closing (n = 58) tasks. Significant threshold differences occurred across the 4 muscle divisions only during the OUT of the contralateral and protrusive movements. Some evidence was provided for gender differences in MPt SMU properties.ConclusionsThe absence of a significant inverse relation between velocity and SMU threshold for most recorded movements suggests the MPt acts as a stabilizer of the jaw in horizontal and opening‐closing jaw movements.
Effects of land‐use changes on Brazilian bats: a review of current knowledge
Authors: Mendes Poliana , Srbek‐Araujo Ana Carolina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

One third of Brazil has been converted to human‐modified lands, emphasising the need to understand biodiversity’s responses to land‐use changes. To address this issue, we reviewed 53 studies on the effects of land‐use changes on bats in the country from 1990 to 2018. Bats were chosen because they contribute towards numerous ecosystem services, including seed dispersal and insect control.

For each study, we obtained data on the biome where fieldwork was conducted, participating institutes, sampling method, sampling effort, main results and academic impact. Spatial scales of studies were divided into ‘local’, ‘fragment’, ‘landscape’ or ‘metapopulation’.

Our results indicate an increasing interest in bats and land‐use changes in Brazil over time; however, no trend in academic impact factor was found. Studies carried out in the Atlantic Forest were the most common, appearing earlier in the literature, but studies in Amazonia, often from long‐term research, had larger sampling efforts, were published in higher impact factor journals and received more citations.

We identified several gaps in the literature: 1) lack of acoustic surveys complementing mist‐netting, 2) telemetry studies were rare, 3) underrepresentation of the Caatinga biome, along with Pantanal and Grasslands (= Pampa), and 4) fewer studies using the landscape and fragment scale than local studies. We suggest that future research should focus on filling those gaps.

Bat diversity is often found to be positively related to forest cover, fragment size and natural vegetation. Logging and agroforestry seem to have the lesser impact on bats compared to agriculture and urbanisation. Only haematophagous bats are benefited by pastures.

We found guild‐specific responses to land‐use changes. Haematophagous batsseem to be the least impacted by them compared to other guilds, while animalivorous bats are particularly impacted by habitat fragmentation. Facing continuous deforestation, we can expect that bat diversity in Brazil will possibly reduce. Conservation efforts should focus on species shown to be sensitive to land‐use changes, especially where higher deforestation rates are expected.
Molecular insights into effector binding by DgoR, a GntR/FadR family transcriptional repressor of D‐galactonate metabolism in Escherichia coli
Authors: Arya Garima , Pal Mohinder , Sharma Monika , Singh Bhupinder , Singh Swati , Agrawal Vishal , Chaba Rachna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral GntR/FadR transcriptional regulators govern sugar acid metabolism in bacteria. Although effectors have been identified for a few sugar acid regulators, the mode of effector binding is unknown. Even in the overall FadR subfamily, there are limited details on effector‐regulator interactions. Here, we identified the effector‐binding cavity in Escherichia coli DgoR, a FadR subfamily transcriptional repressor of D‐galactonate metabolism that employs D‐galactonate as its effector. Using a genetic screen, we isolated several dgoR superrepressor alleles. Blind docking suggested eight amino acids corresponding to these alleles to form a part of the effector‐binding cavity. In vivo and in vitro assays showed that these mutations compromise the inducibility of DgoR without affecting its oligomeric status or affinity for target DNA. Taking Bacillus subtilis GntR as a representative, we demonstrated that the effector‐binding cavity is similar among FadR subfamily sugar acid regulators. Finally, a comparison of sugar acid regulators with other FadR members suggested conserved features of effector‐regulator recognition within the FadR subfamily. Sugar acid metabolism is widely implicated in bacterial colonization and virulence. The present study sets the basis to investigate the influence of natural genetic variations in FadR subfamily regulators on their sensitivity to sugar acids and ultimately on host‐bacterial interactions.
Characterisation of Medicago truncatula CLE34 and CLE35 in nitrate and rhizobia regulation of nodulation
Authors: Mens Celine , Hastwell April H. , Su Huanan , Gresshoff Peter M. , Mathesius Ulrike , Ferguson Brett J. 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Legumes form a symbiosis with atmospheric nitrogen (N2)‐fixing soil rhizobia, resulting in new root organs called nodules that enable N2‐fixation. Nodulation is a costly process that is tightly regulated by the host through autoregulation of nodulation (AON) and nitrate‐dependent regulation of nodulation. Both pathways require legume‐specific CLAVATA/ESR‐related (CLE) peptides.

Nitrogen‐induced nodulation‐suppressing CLE peptides have not previously been investigated in Medicago truncatula, for which only rhizobia‐induced MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 have been characterised. Here, we report on novel peptides MtCLE34 and MtCLE35 in nodulation control.

The nodulation‐suppressing CLE peptides of five legume species were classified into three clades based on sequence homology and phylogeny. This approached identified MtCLE34 and MtCLE35 and four new CLE peptide orthologues of Pisum sativum. Whereas MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 are induced by rhizobia, MtCLE34 and MtCLE35 respond to both rhizobia and nitrate. MtCLE34 was identified as a pseudogene lacking a functional CLE‐domain. MtCLE35 was found to inhibit nodulation in a SUNN‐ and RDN1‐dependent manner via overexpression analysis.

Together, our findings indicate that MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 have a specific role in AON, while MtCLE35 regulates nodule numbers in response to both rhizobia and nitrate. MtCLE34 likely had a similar role to MtCLE35, but its function was lost due to a premature nonsense mutation.
Optimal preoperative neoadjuvant therapy for resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Leng Xue‐Feng , Daiko Hiroyuki , Han Yong‐Tao , Mao You‐Sheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, especially in East Asia. ESCC accounts for more than 90% of esophageal cancer. Currently, neoadjuvant therapy in combination with surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment. However, the overall survival rate of patients with locally advanced ESCC is not satisfactory even when treated following the standard treatment guidelines. With neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy, or emerging immunotherapy, continuous exploration of efficacy in relation to ESCC is expected to improve overall survival further. Here, we review and summarize current evidence for efficacy of preoperative therapy for locally advanced ESCC.
Effects of perioperative oral care on postoperative inflammation following heart valve surgery
Authors: Nishi Hiromi , Takahashi Shinya , Ohta Kouji , Takamoto Megumi , Shigeishi Hideo , Go Seimei , Obayashi Taiji , Yoshioka Yukio , Konishi Masaru , Shimizu Yoshitaka , Yano Kanako , Miyagawa Tsuyoshi , Kakimoto Naoya , Ohge Hiroki , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki , Kurihara Hidemi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveWhether oral health care during the perioperative period can lead to a better outcome after heart valve surgery has not been adequately elucidated. We examined the effects of perioperative oral care on postoperative inflammation response in patients who underwent heart valve surgery.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 223 patients scheduled for single valve heart surgery were divided into the oral care, who underwent professional teeth cleaning or scaling within 3 days prior to surgery, and also following surgery at least twice a week (n = 111), and non‐oral care (n = 112) groups. After propensity score matching, records of both groups (80:80) were examined after surgery to evaluate inflammation markers (white blood cell count [WBC], neutrophil/white blood cell ratio [NWR], C‐reactive protein [CRP] level, body temperature [BT]).ResultsWBC, NWR, CRP level, and BT were increased in both groups the day following surgery. Thereafter, CRP level, WBC, NWR, and BT on various days after surgery in the oral care group showed greater decreases as compared to the non‐oral care group.ConclusionsPerioperative oral health care can decrease postoperative inflammation in patients undergoing heart valve surgery and may be important to ensure a better outcome in those patients.