bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of Digital Equipment Based on General Information Model and Model Mapping to MTConnect
Authors: Zhang Zhaokun , Shao Zhufeng , Wang Liping , Luo Yong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Integration of various kinds of digital equipment in manufacturing systems is the foundation and premise of cyber-physical systems and intelligent manufacturing. However, interfaces and datatypes of digital equipment from different vendors often differ from each other, which leads to system heterogeneity and information island problems. Heterogeneity becomes an obstacle for information integration. The key to solving this problem is the information model and the communication protocol. To solve the information integration problems among heterogeneous digital equipment, an implementation scheme based on the information model and its mapping to MTConnect is proposed and verified in this paper. First, the architecture and functions of integration of digital equipment are analyzed. Then, a general information model structure of digital equipment and the corresponding modeling rules are established, which can be used to guide the information modeling of various types of equipment. Next, the mapping rules that transform the information model to the MTConnect information model are defined. Based on the information model and model mapping to MTConnect, the digital equipment is able to integrate with other equipment or system via the mapping interface with the aid of the MTConnect protocol. Finally, the implementation of vertical integration based on the information model and its mapping to MTConnect is verified experimentally.
Study of Heating and Cooling Rate of Cobalt Oxide-Based TCES System Using Experimental Redox Kinetics Analysis
Authors: Vahedi Nasser , Romero Carlos E. , Snyder Mark A. , Oztekin Alparslan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cost-effective solar power generation in CSP plants requires the challenging integration of high energy density and high-temperature thermal energy storage with the solar collection equipment and the power plant. Thermochemical energy storage (TCES) is currently a very good option for thermal energy storage, which can meet the industry requirement of large energy density and high storage temperature. TCES specifically exploits reversible chemical reactions wherein heat is absorbed during the forward endothermic reaction and released during the reverse exothermic reaction. The associated enthalpic storage of energy (i.e., the heat of reaction) offers higher density and enhanced stability compared to sensible and latent heat storage. Metal oxide redox reactions are particularly well-suited for TCES given their characteristically high enthalpy of reaction and high reaction temperature. In addition, the air is suitable as both a heat transfer fluid (HTF) and reactant; thus, simplifying process design and eliminating the need for indirect HTF storage and any intermediate heat exchanger. Among the palette of available metal oxides, cobalt oxide is one of the most promising candidates for TCES given its high enthalpy of reaction with high reaction temperature.
One of the critical design parameters for TCES reactors is the optimal heating and cooling rates during respective charging and discharging modes of operation. In order to study the effect of heating/cooling rate on cobalt oxide TCES performance, a constant 10°C/min rate was selected for both storage cycle heating and cooling. Considering the intrinsic redox kinetics of cobalt oxide at considered constant heating/cooling rate, we studied milligram scale quantities of cobalt oxide (99.9% purity, 40 μm average particle size) using a dual-mode thermogravimetric (TGA)/differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) system, which simultaneously measures weight change (TGA) and differential heat flow (DSC) as a function of TCES cycling under continuous air purge. In addition, we investigated the cyclic stability of cobalt oxide in the context of the redox kinetics and particle coarsening behavior, employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
TGA/DSC tests were conducted for 30 successive cycles using pure cobalt oxide. It was shown that pure cobalt oxide in powder form (38μ particle size) could complete both forward and reverse reaction at the selected heating rate with little degradation between cycles. In parallel, SEM was used to examine morphology and particle size changes before and after heating cycles. SEM results proved grain growth occurs even after only five initial cycles.
Experimental Setup of Combustion Visualization Inside a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Converted to Natural-Gas Spark-Ignition Operation
Authors: Padmanaban Vishnu , Liu Jinlong , Dumitrescu Cosmin E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The conversion of existing diesel engines to natural-gas (NG) spark-ignition (SI) operation would reduce U.S. dependence on oil imports and curtail greenhouse gas emissions. As the literature shows that the combustion process in such converted engines is different compared to that in conventional SI engines, understanding the effects of the diesel geometry and fuel effects on the in-cylinder flame propagation is important for optimizing engine operation. This paper describes the experimental setup that allowed the visualization of combustion phenomena inside a single-cylinder diesel engine converted to single-fuel NG spark-ignition operation through the addition of a spark plug and a low-pressure gas injector. The synchronization between the piston position and image acquisition was done using over-the-counter electronic components. While the setup could not visualize flame propagation inside the squish region, the combustion images, together with the pressure-based analysis, help understand the characteristics of lean NG flame propagation inside a diesel geometry, which is an important for designing a highly-efficient combustion process.
Parametric Study of Metal 3D Printing Process Using Finite Element Simulation
Authors: Khanna Kshitiz , Yee Raymond K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Metal additive manufacturing (AM), also known as metal 3D printing, is a challenging process to be controlled for desirable outcome due to its many process parameters. Residual stresses or deformations may occur in an AM manufactured part because of rapid heating and cooling cycles in the layers. The effect of process-controlled parameters in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) on deformations of a manufactured part has not been well examined and reported only sparely in literature. The objectives of this paper are: to study deformation behavior of a L-PBF printed part using finite element method, to perform parametric study of process input variables by changing few selected process parameters in the simulations, and to attempt identifying optimal values within the studied range of selected parameters to minimize part distortion. In this study, the material used for the heat sink finite element model was Inconel 718 which is commonly found in AM manufactured parts. ANSYS finite element program was employed to simulate a heat sink fabrication. The finished dimensions of the heat sink model were 12 mm in height, 26 mm in width, and 26 mm in depth. Thermal-mechanical sequential coupling approach was employed to simulate layer-by-layer built up process. The resulting deformations was evaluated by varying laser travel speed, base plate temperature, and initial layer angle. The maximum deformation (distortion) was observed at the corners of the heat sink model upon release from the base plate and found to be approximately 0.115 mm. Based on this study, the relative optimal simulation results for minimum distortion for selected parameters were 600 °K base plate temperature, 600 mm/sec speed of laser, and 0° initial layer angle. These results can be served as foundation for further study of varying other L-PBF process parameters.
Implementation of Multi-Scale Characterization and Visualization on Enhancement of Solid Mechanics Education
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Mason Nyree , Akasheh Firas , Kremer Gul , Siddique Zahed , Liu Yingtao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the implementation and preliminary analysis of a multi-scale material and mechanics education module for the improvement of undergraduate solid mechanics education. 3D printed and conventional wrought aluminum samples were experimentally characterized at both the micro- and macro-scales. At the micro-scale, we focus on the visualization of material’s grain structure. At the macro-scale, standard material characterization following ASTM standards is conducted to obtain the macroscopic behavior. Digital image correlation technology is employed to obtain the two-dimensional strain field during the macro-scale testing. An evaluation of students understanding of solid mechanics and materials behavior concepts is carried out in this study to obtain the student data and use it as baseline for further evaluation of study outcomes. We plan to use the established multi-scale mechanics and materials testing dataset in a broad range of undergraduate courses, such as Solid Mechanics, Design of Mechanical Components, and Manufacturing Processes. Our current effort is expected to demonstrate the real materials’ multi-scale nature and their mechanical performance to undergraduate engineering students. The successful implementation of this multi-scale approach for education enhances students’ understanding of abstract solid mechanics theories and establishing the concepts between mechanics and materials. In addition, this approach will assist advanced solid mechanics education, such as the concept of fracture, in undergraduate level education throughout the country.
Designing and Analyzing Savonius Wind Turbines
Authors: Manne Varun Kumar Reddy , Zhou Hong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Savonius wind turbines are drag-type vertical axis wind turbines. Their blades experience less drag while moving against the wind flow and more drag while moving in the wind direction. The drag difference rotates Savonius wind turbines and produces electrical power. Savonius wind turbines can catch wind from any direction. No yaw motion mechanism is needed for them to be pointed in the wind direction. Savonius wind turbines have simple structures and are convenient to install and maintain. They can operate on low wind speed and have good starting characteristics. Compared with horizontal axis wind turbines and lift-type vertical axis wind turbines such as Darrieus and Giromill wind turbines, Savonius wind turbines have relatively low power conversion efficiency. This is because of their drag-type nature which generates positive and negative torque on their advancing and returning blades, respectively. Savonius wind turbines are suitable for locations where power conversion efficiency can be compromised for the sake of low cost and high reliability. One major drawback from Savonius wind turbines is the negative static torque which lowers their self-starting ability. Although the negative static torque of Savonius wind turbines can be mitigated by adding additional components such as curtains, nozzles and ducts to them, these additional components make them complex and lose omnidirectional performance. In this paper, Savonius wind turbines are designed based on their geometric parameters to remove their negative static torque and improve their performance. Savonius wind turbines with different numbers of blades and other geometric parameters are designed, analyzed and simulated.
Aero-Engine Vibration Propagation Analysis Using Bond Graph Transfer Path Analysis and Transmissibility Theory
Authors: Mir-Haidari Seyed-Ehsan , Behdinan Kamran 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In recent times, due to the increase in global energy commodities prices, aero-engine manufacturers are investing in advanced aero-engine technologies to reduce the operating costs. These innovative technologies include overall weight reductions to develop efficient aero-engines. Due to these circumstances, the overall exposure of the aero-engine to vibration transfer due to various loading conditions such as the rotor loading forces has significantly increased. Due to advancement in technologies and demand for greater passenger comfort, vibration transfer reduction to the aircraft fuselage has received prominent attention. In this paper, an analytical transmissibility study called the bond graph Transfer Path Analysis (TPA) has been extensively studied and its applications are explored. Bond Graph TPA is a reliable and feasible theoretical methodology that can be implemented on various large mechanical systems in the design stages to tackle noise and vibration problems before prototyping to significantly reduce the development costs. Bond graph transfer path analysis (TPA) is an advantageous method compared to the existing empirical TPA methodologies such as the Operational Path Analysis due to its efficient analytical nature. In this paper, bond graph TPA has been implemented on a reduced aero-engine model to determine vibration contribution at various aero-engine locations to propose structural design guidelines to minimize the vibration transfer.
Dynamic Modeling and Analysis for a Planar Three Degrees-of-Freedom Manipulator Under Prescribed Mount Motion
Authors: Ono Takeyuki , Eto Ryosuke , Yamakawa Junya , Murakami Hidenori 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents dynamic modeling of a planar, three degrees-of-freedom manipulator consisting of two parallel plates, referred to as top and base plates, which are connected by three actuated legs. When a sensitive equipment is carried by a moving robot or vehicle, it becomes necessary to mount the equipment on a platform which achieves precise positioning for stabilization. The objectives of this paper are to derive analytical equations of motion and apply them to control simulations on the stabilizing planar manipulator.
In the derivation of analytical equations of motion, the moving frame method is utilized to describe the kinematics of the two-dimensional multibody system. For the manipulator system comprised of jointed bodies, a graph tree is utilized, which visually illustrates how the constituent bodies are connected to each other. For kinetics, the principle of virtual work is employed to derive the analytical equations of motion for the manipulator system.
The resulting equations of motion are used to numerically assess the performance of a sliding mode controller (SMC) to stabilize the top plate from the motion of the translating and rotating base plate. In the numerical simulation, the SMC is compared with a simple PID controller to evaluate both the tracking performance and robustness.
Electro-Mechanical Behavior of Smart Sandwich Plates With Porous Core and Graphene-Reinforced Nanocomposite Layers
Authors: Behdinan Kamran , Moradi-Dastjerdi Rasool 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The use of piezoelectric sensor and/or actuator layers in engineering structures provides smart sandwich structures with adaptive responses. Moreover, due to the brittle behavior of piezoceramic materials, inserting nanocomposite and porous layers between piezoelectric layers offers more flexible and lighter structures along with maintaining the advantages of nanocomposite materials. Therefore, in this paper, we have proposed smart sandwich plates consisting of a porous polymeric core and two graphene-reinforced composite (GRC) layers integrated with two piezoceramic layers. The distributions of porosities and randomly oriented graphene particles are assumed to be functionally graded (FG) along the thickness of core and nanocomposite layers, respectively. For the static behavior of the proposed sandwich plates, the coupled electro-mechanical governing equation has been extracted by minimizing potential energy equation with respect to displacement and electrical potential. The governing equation has been discretized by adopting a higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) of plates and a developed mesh-free method. Using the developed solution framework, the effects of porosity and graphene characteristics, electromechanical loads, and layer thicknesses on the deflection behavior of the proposed FG piezoelectric porous nanocomposite sandwich plates (FG-PPNSPs) have been studied.
An Adaptive Integral Sliding Mode Control for the Sleeve Angle of a Novel Rotary Valve and its Experimental Study
Authors: Zhu Muzhi , Zhao Shengdun , Bao Dafei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, an adptive integral sliding mode control (AISMC) based on extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for the valve sleeve angle posotion control of a novel rotary valve for the first time. The novel rotary valve is designed for the electro-hydraulic transmission system with high frequency and flow especially adopted in the fatigue testing machine, and the unique valve structure and working principle is presented firstly to achieve the sleeve angle control model for the design of tracking controller. In order to obtain continuous reference trajectory and ensure control performance for integrel sliding mode, a third-order differentiator is designed and verified by matlab/Simulink simulation shows accurately tracking performance. To validate the excellence of the AISMC based on ESO, The spool position tracking experiment is also carried out on the test bench and the results show higher position tracking effectiveness and disturbance robustness compared with the PID controller.
Theoretical Model for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Device Based on Composite Granular Chain of Spheres
Authors: Bin Wu , Shuo Yang , Xiucheng Liu , Heying Wang , Ting Xiao , Cunfu He 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, a simple and high-performance piezoelectric energy harvesting devices (PEHD) based on composite granular chain of spheres (CGCS) is investigated. The CGCS is constructed by inserting a light granular chain into the middle of a heavy granular chain. When an impact imposed to the CGCS, the energy of the impact will be carried by solitary wave propagating in the chain. The existence of the heavy-light interface and light-heavy interface makes the middle section of chain a container to trap the energy of the solitary wave. Therefore, the solitary wave will reflect back and forth in the container and experience slow energy attenuation. Piezoelectric wafer is embedded into one of the spheres of the container to act as a PEHD.
Theoretical model of the proposed PEHD is given to explain the energy conversion process from external impact to the output voltage of the piezoelectric wafer. The bridge between the solitary wave-induced stress and the electric field is highlighted. Experiments are performed in CGCS to observe the solitary wave-induced voltage of the piezoelectric wafer and the measured waveform agree the theoretically prediction results. Finally, the effects of the differences in material properties of between the light and heavy spheres and the segment number of composite chain on the collected energy are investigated for improving the efficiency of capture energy. It is suggested that increasing the numbers of composite segments and enlarging the differences between the light and heavy sphere is helpful to improve the performance of CGCS-based PEHD.
A Novel Design of a Large-Stroke Shape Memory Alloy Linear Actuator
Authors: Yang Fei , Wang Jian , Han Miaoling , Lu Yifan , Yue Honghao , Wu Miao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The traditional actuation systems such as combustion engines, electro motors, hydraulic and pneumatic machines, have several drawbacks: large volume and weight, huge energy consumption and high cost. To overcome these problems, this paper presents a novel large-stroke linear actuator actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. Multiple SMA wires are distributed in the space three-dimensionally and connected in series to achieve a larger stroke of the actuator. The tandem structure makes the SMA actuator easy to integrate into a narrow available space with dimension constraints. A theoretical model for bias element selection is developed through analysis of the driving paths. A prototype of the proposed SMA actuator is fabricated and corresponding experiments are conducted to verify the functions and performances. The critical working performances of the SMA actuator such as the output displacement, heating electric current, actuation time and reset time are obtained and investigated. The results prove that the proposed SMA actuator can output an ideal driving stroke and enough actuation force in confined space. This research provides design ideas for the large-stroke SMA actuator in more application fields.
Study on Surface Roughness of Milling In-Situ TiB2 Particle Reinforced Al Matrix Composites
Authors: Liu Xiao-fen , Wang Wen-hu , Jiang Rui-song , Xiong Yi-feng , Lin Kun-yang , Zhang Zhan-fei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The current state of surface roughness focuses on the 2D roughness. However, there are shortcomings in evaluating surface quality of particle reinforced metal matrix composites using 2D roughness due to the fact that the measuring direction has a vital impact on the 2D roughness value. It is therefore of great importance and significance to develop a proper criterion for measuring and evaluating the surface roughness of cutting particle reinforced metal matrix composites. In this paper, an experimental investigation was performed on the effect of cutting parameters on the surface roughness in cutting in-situ TiB2/7050Al MMCs. The 2D roughness Ra, 3D roughness Sa and Sq were comparatively studied for evaluating the machined surface quality of in-situ TiB2/7050Al MMCs. The influence of cutting parameters on the surface roughness was also analyzed. The big difference between roughness Ra measured along cutting and feed directions showed the great impact of measuring direction. Besides, surface defects such as pits, grooves, protuberances and voids were observed, which would influence 2D roughness value greatly, indicating that 3D roughness was more suitable for evaluating surface quality of cutting in-situ TiB2/7050Al MMCs. The cutting depth and feed rate were found to have the highest influence on 3D roughness while the effect of cutting speed was minimal. With increasing feed rate, cutting depth or width, the 3D roughness increased accordingly. But it decreased as cutting speed increased.