bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short bowel syndrome and the impact on patients and their families: a qualitative study
Authors: Sowerbutts A. M. , Panter C. , Dickie G. , Bennett B. , Ablett J. , Burden S. , Lal S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundShort bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorptive condition that can result in intestinal failure (SBS‐IF). Many patients with SBS‐IF require home parenteral nutrition (PN) for survival. However, PN has profound effects on patients and their family members. The present study aimed to understand the lived experience of SBS‐IF for patients and their families.MethodsIn‐depth semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 patients with SBS‐IF and five adult family members living with someone with SBS‐IF. A patient‐centric approach was taken, with a patient steering group providing input and guidance to develop the interview guide. Key concepts were identified using thematic analysis of interview transcripts.ResultsPatients’ lives were dominated by having SBS‐IF. They described physical impacts that included patient‐reported signs and symptoms and physical restrictions comprising of restrictions on daily life, actives of daily living and physical functioning. In addition, they encountered emotional impacts with a plethora of negative feelings and social impacts, such as difficulties socialising and maintaining relationships. Patients coped by adapting their life around SBS‐IF, having support and adopting an attitude of gratitude and acceptance. Family members were also affected and, along with patients, appreciated the respite of a night off from infusions.ConclusionsPatients and families face many difficulties with SBS‐IF. Healthcare professionals can support patients by facilitating them explore what others have found beneficial; adapting their life around PN, viewing PN with acceptance and trying to cultivate gratitude. Further research into the support required for families may be beneficial.
Psychometric properties of long‐term care needs questionnaire for older Chinese adults with dementia
Authors: Sun Ning , Jia Rangcheng , Guo Chunyan , Sun Tongda , Dong Xiaoxin , Li Long 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimLong‐term care needs are important for older adults with dementia in the West, but they have not received enough attention from China. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a long‐term care needs instrument for older Chinese adults with dementia.MethodsA total of 1,212 older adults with dementia were recruited from five Chinese cities to complete a 30‐item long‐term care needs questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was evaluated using multiple assessments, including a content validity assessment, Cronbach's alpha, an item‐to‐total correlation test, and exploratory factor analysis.ResultsThe questionnaire was divided into four sub‐sections: life care services (eight items), basic and specialist care services (12 items), mental comfort psychological services (four items), and homecare support services (six items). Cronbach's alpha was .93 for the whole questionnaire and ranged from .83 to .92 for the four sub‐questionnaires. The item‐to‐total correlation coefficients for the four sub‐questionnaires were between .68 and .88, and the test–retest correlation coefficient was .88.ConclusionOur results validated the reliability and validity of a questionnaire designed to measure the quality of long‐term care services for older Chinese adults with dementia.
Co‐expression gene modules involved in cisplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy according to sensitivity, status, and severity
Authors: Zhou Rui‐Hao , Chen Chan , Jin Su‐Han , Li Jun , Xu Zi‐Hao , Ye Ling , Zhou Jian‐Guo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is among the most disabling and frustrating problems for cancer survivors. The neurotoxicity caused by cisplatin varies greatly among patients, and few predictors of appearance, duration of symptoms, susceptibility, or severity are available. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying individual differences in status, severity, or sensitivity in response to cisplatin treatment is therefore required. By analyzing the GSE64174 gene expression profile and constructing a weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) network, we screened gene modules and hub genes related to CIPN status, severity and sensitivity. We first identified the transcriptome profile of mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) samples and transformed their genes to human DRG counterparts. We then constructed WGCNA gene modules via optimal soft‐threshold power‐identification and module‐preservation analysis. Comprehensive analysis and identification of module hub genes were performed via functional‐enrichment analysis and significant common hub genes were identified, including “Cytoscape_cytoHubba,” “Cytoscape_MCODE,” and “Metascape_MCODE.” Brown, green, and blue modules were selected to represent CIPN sensitivity, status, and severity, respectively, via trait‐module correlational analysis. Additionally, functional enrichment analysis results indicated that these three modules were associated with some crucial biological functions, such as neutrophil migration, chemokine‐mediated signaling pathway, and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway. We then identified seven common hub genes via three methods, including CXCL10, CCL21, CCR2, CXCR4, TLR4, NPY1R, and GALR2, related to CIPN status, severity and sensitivity. Our results provide possible targets and mechanism insights into the development and progress of CIPN, which can guide further transformation and pre‐clinical research.
Impact of tocolysis‐intent magnesium sulfate and beta‐adrenergic agonists on perinatal brain damage in infants born between 28–36 weeks' gestation
Authors: Kino Emi , Ohhashi Masanao , Kawagoe Yasuyuki , Sameshima Hiroshi , Kamitomo Masato , Suga Sachie , Yasuhi Ichiro , Funakoshi Toru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsMagnesium sulfate has neuroprotective effects in preterm infants. Whether other antepartum treatments interfere with the neuroprotective actions is not well known. This study aims to explore the impacts of antenatal administration of Magnesium sulfate or beta‐2 adrenergic agonists as tocolytic agents on the developing brain in premature infants.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study in four tertiary perinatal centers in Japan. We collected data of pregnant women and infants born between 28 and 36 weeks for tocolytic agents, gestational age, sex, antenatal corticosteroid, fetal growth restriction, pathological chorioamnionitis, low umbilical arterial pH values (<7.1), multiple pregnancy, mode of delivery and institutions after excluding clinical chorioamnionitis, non‐reassuring fetal status or major anomalies. Tocolytic agents were categorized into four groups: no‐tocolysis, magnesium sulfate, beta‐2 adrenergic agonists and the combination of them. We conducted multiple comparisons with multivariate analyses using generalized linear regression models to compare the prevalence of a poor perinatal outcome defined as infant's death, brain damage, particularly cerebral palsy and developmental delay.ResultsAmong 1083 infants, 39% were no‐tocolysis, 47% were magnesium sulfate, 41% were beta‐2 adrenergic agonists and 27% were combination group, including the duplication. The incidence of poor perinatal outcome was decreased by magnesium sulfate (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10–0.72), but not changed significantly by beta‐2 adrenergic agonists (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.63–2.59) or the combination group (OR 2.24, 95% CI 0.67–7.54), compared with the no‐tocolysis.ConclusionThe combination therapy for tocolysis with beta‐2 adrenergic agonists diminished the magnesium sulfate neuroprotective action after adjusting for covariables.
Survey on the use of personal protective equipment and COVID‐19 testing of pregnant women in Japan
Authors: Umazume Takeshi , Miyagi Etsuko , Haruyama Yasuo , Kobashi Gen , Saito Shigeru , Hayakawa Satoshi , Kawana Kei , Ikenoue Satoru , Morioka Ichiro , Yamada Hideto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo clarify the status of personal protective equipment (PPE) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) tests for pregnant women, we conducted an urgent survey.MethodsThe survey was conducted online from April 27 to May 1, 2020. Questionnaires were sent to core facilities and affiliated hospitals of the obstetrics and gynecology training program and to hospitals of the national perinatal medical liaison council.ResultsA total of 296 institutions participated in our survey; however, 2 institutions were excluded. Full PPE was used by doctors in 7.1% of facilities and by midwives in 6.8%. Our study also determined that around 65.0% of facilities for doctors and 73.5% of facilities for midwives used PPE beyond the “standard gown or apron, surgical mask, goggles or face shield” during labor of asymptomatic women. N95 masks were running out of stock at 6.5% of the facilities and goggles and face shields at 2.7%. Disposable N95 masks and goggles or face shields were re‐used after re‐sterilization in 12% and 14% of facilities, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of asymptomatic patients was performed for 9% of vaginal deliveries, 14% of planned cesarean sections and 17% of emergency cesarean sections. The number of PCR tests for obstetrics and gynecology per a week ranged from zero to five in 92% of facilities.ConclusionThe shortage of PPE in Japan is alarming. Sufficient stockpiling of PPE is necessary to prevent unnecessary disruptions in medical care. Appropriate guidelines for PPE usage and COVID‐19 testing of pregnant women at delivery are needed in Japan.
Successful treatment of severe intra‐amniotic inflammation and cervical insufficiency with continuous transabdominal amnioinfusion and cerclage: A case report
Authors: Ikeda Masazumi , Ono Takeshi , Tsumura Keisuke , Yamasaki Fumio , Nomiyama Makoto , Yokoyama Masatoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSevere intra‐amniotic inflammation, even with a negative bacterial culture, can lead to premature labor. We report a 43‐year‐old multiparous woman with severe intra‐amniotic inflammation and cervical insufficiency at 23 weeks and 5 days of gestation. Continuous transabdominal amnioinfusion was started 2 days after the diagnosis. The amniotic fluid interleukin‐6 level normalized after 2 days of treatment. She underwent Shirodkar cervical cerclage on day 7. Despite termination of amnioinfusion and catheter removal on day 16, the pregnancy was maintained without any subsequent treatment. At 33 weeks and 5 days of gestation, an intrauterine Ureaplasma parvum infection and the onset of contractions led to repeat cesarean delivery. The birth weight was 2292 g, and the Apgar scores were 8/8. Both mother and infant had good outcomes. Continuous transabdominal amnioinfusion may have eliminated factors causing intra‐amniotic inflammation, thereby prolonging the pregnancy and improving the infant's prognosis.
Antepartum eclampsia with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndromes
Authors: Ueno Shuntaro , Takeda Jun , Maruyama Yojiro , Makino Shintaro , Miyamoto Nobukazu , Itakura Atsuo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 39‐year‐old pregnant woman was experienced thunderclap headache due to reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) as a prodromal symptom. Two days after, she was brought to our hospital after an eclamptic seizure at 35 weeks of gestation. After management with magnesium sulphate, a cesarean delivery was performed, and passed without eclamptic seizure recurrence with calcium channel blocker (CCB) administration for hypertension and prophylaxis of another seizure. Antepartum eclampsia is sometimes complicated by headache as a prodromal symptom. Cerebrovascular diseases in the perinatal period include eclampsia, RCVS and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, which have potentially overlapping pathologies. Here, we first report a case of overlapping those three diseases in the antepartum period. Our best literature review showed that antepartum RCVS is severe and has complications besides thunderclap headache, and there is a case report which CCB administration was shown to be effective in the treatment of antepartum RCVS. If thunderclap headache is recognized, prediction of eclampsia and getting better course of RCVS with CCB administration may be possible.
Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis by nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling of cefquinome in nonpregnant, pregnant, and lactating goats after intravenous and intramuscular administration
Authors: Litterio Nicolás Javier , Lorenzutti Augusto Matías , Zarazaga María del Pilar , Himelfarb Martín Alejandro , San Andrés‐Larrea Manuel Ignacio , Serrano‐Rodríguez Juan Manuel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCefquinome is a fourth‐generation cephalosporin that is used empirically in goats. Different physiologic factors like pregnancy or lactation could determine the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in the organism. The objectives of this study are to (a) compare the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome after intravenous and intramuscular administration in adult nonpregnant (n = 6), pregnant (n = 6), and lactating goats (n = 6), at a dose of 2 mg/kg, with rich sampling by nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling, (b) conduct a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the recommended posology in goats with different physiological states, and (c) determine the optimal posology that achieve a PTA value ≥ 90%, taking into account a T > MIC ≥ 60% of a MIC value ≤ 0.25 µg/ml, in the different subpopulations of goats for both routes. Gestation significantly increased Ka and V1, while reduced F0, Cl, and Q. On the other hand, lactation significantly increased V1 and reduced Tk0. Cefquinome concentrations achieved in placental cotyledon, amniotic fluid, and fetal serum indicate a minimal penetration across the placental barrier. Moreover, milk penetration of cefquinome was minimal. The total body clearance of cefquinome for goats was 0.29 L kg−1 hr−1, that is apparently higher than the reported for cows (0.13 L kg−1 hr−1) and pigs (0.16 L kg−1 hr−1). So, the optimal dose regimen for cefquinome after intravenous and intramuscular administration required higher dose and frequency of administration compared with recommendations for cows or pigs. Therefore, 2 mg kg−1 8 hr−1 and 5 mg kg−1 12 hr−1 could be used for IV and IM routes, respectively, for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by P. multocida and M. haemolytica, but only 5 mg kg−1 12 hr−1 by both routes should be recommended for Escherichia coli infections.
Pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) after single intravenous and oral administrations
Authors: Aboubakr Mohamed , Soliman Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThiamphenicol (TP) pharmacokinetics were studied in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) following a single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration at 30 mg/kg BW. Concentrations of TP were determined with HPLC and were analyzed by a noncompartmental method. After IV injection, elimination half‐life (t1/2λz), total body clearance (Cltot) volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss), and mean residence time (MRT) of TP were 3.83 hr, 0.19 L/hr/kg, 0.84 L/kg, and 4.37 hr, respectively. After oral administration of TP, the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 19.81 μg/ml and was obtained at 2.00 hr (tmax) postadministration. Elimination half‐life (t1/2λz) and mean absorption time (MAT) were 4.01 hr and 1.56 hr, respectively. The systemic bioavailability following oral administration of TP was 78.10%. TP therapy with an oral dosage of 30 mg/kg BW is suggested for a beneficial clinical effect in quails.
How emotions affect judgement and decision making in an interrogation scenario
Authors: Sambrano Deshawn , Masip Jaume , Blandón‐Gitlin Iris 
Published: August 2020

PurposeLittle research exists on the influence of emotion in forensic settings. To start filling this gap, we used a hypothetical interrogation scenario to examine the effects of emotional state on judgement, decision making, and information‐processing style across two separate experiments.MethodsThe participants were induced a specific emotion. Then, they read a scenario where a suspect was arrested and rated (1) the suspect's guilt, and (2) the extent to which they would use a number of tactics to interview the suspect. Based on the feelings‐as‐information theory and cognitive‐appraisal theories of emotion, we predicted that relative to angry or happy participants, sad participants would be less inclined to judge the suspect as guilty (judgement), would show a stronger tendency to select benevolent interrogation tactics and a weaker tendency to select hostile interrogation tactics (decision making), and would be more likely to use an analytic (rather than a heuristic) processing style.ResultsIn Experiment 1 (conducted with college students), the judgement hypothesis was supported. In Experiment 2 (with mTurkers), the decision‐making hypothesis was supported. A meta‐analysis of the two experiments revealed that participants were more willing to select benevolent than hostile interrogation tactics and that, as predicted, sad participants were more willing than angry or happy participants to select benevolent tactics. However, emotion did not affect the participants’ tendency to select hostile tactics.ConclusionWe tested emotion theories in an interrogation scenario. The significant results were consistent with the feelings‐as‐information and cognitive‐appraisal theories of emotion and have practical relevance.
The Vascularity of Ayurvedic Leech Therapy: Sensory Translations and Emergent Agencies in Interspecies Medicine
Authors: Brooks Lisa Allette 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article offers vascularity as a multi‐dimensional imaginary for the interspecies entanglements constituting Ayurvedic leech therapy. Whether, when, where, and how a leech decides to bite, suck, and release comprise pivotal junctures in leech therapy as practiced in southern Kerala, India. In the course of leech–human intra‐actions, leeches translate matter, providing sensory mediation, relief, and amusement. Enmeshed in social and ecological relations inflected by gender, religion, class, and caste, this analysis of Ayurvedic leech therapy reframes questions of agencies starting with and from the viewpoint of the vascular capacities of leeches in their interactions with humans. This image of vascularity provides an analytic for the emergent agencies of humans and leeches constituted by sensory intra‐actions at branching points in this multispecies clinical practice.
Biases in bulk: DNA metabarcoding of marine communities and the methodology involved
Authors: van der Loos Luna M. , Nijland Reindert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the growing anthropogenic pressure on marine ecosystems, the need for efficient monitoring of biodiversity grows stronger. DNA metabarcoding of bulk samples is increasingly being implemented in ecosystem assessments and is more cost‐efficient and less time‐consuming than monitoring based on morphology. However, before raw sequences are obtained from bulk samples, a profound number of methodological choices must be made. Here, we critically review the recent methods used for metabarcoding of marine bulk samples (including benthic, plankton and diet samples) and indicate how potential biases can be introduced throughout sampling, preprocessing, DNA extraction, marker and primer selection, PCR amplification and sequencing. From a total of 64 studies evaluated, our recommendations for best practices include to (a) consider DESS as a fixative instead of ethanol, (b) use the DNeasy PowerSoil kit for any samples containing traces of sediment, (c) not limit the marker selection to COI only, but preferably include multiple markers for higher taxonomic resolution, (d) avoid touchdown PCR profiles, (e) use a fixed annealing temperature for each primer pair when comparing across studies or institutes, (f) use a minimum of three PCR replicates, and (g) include both negative and positive controls. Although the implementation of DNA metabarcoding still faces several technical complexities, we foresee wide‐ranging advances in the near future, including improved bioinformatics for taxonomic assignment, sequencing of longer fragments and the use of whole‐genome information. Despite the bulk of biases involved in metabarcoding of bulk samples, if appropriate controls are included along the data generation process, it is clear that DNA metabarcoding provides a valuable tool in ecosystem assessments.
Plasma endocannabinoids and cannabimimetic fatty acid derivatives are altered in gastroparesis: A sex‐ and subtype‐dependent observation
Authors: Bashashati Mohammad , Leishman Emma , Bradshaw Heather , Sigaroodi Solmaz , Tatro Eric , Bright Tamis , McCallum Richard , Sarosiek Irene 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastroparesis (GP) is a motility disorder of the stomach presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms in the setting of delayed gastric emptying. Endocannabinoids are involved in the regulation of GI function including motility. However, their role in the pathophysiology of GP has not been sufficiently investigated. Our goal was to compare the circulating levels of endocannabinoids and cannabimimetic fatty acid derivatives in GP versus control subjects.MethodsThe study compared plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids and their lipoamine and 2‐acyl glycerol congeners, measured by high‐pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS‐MS), in adult patients with diabetic gastroparesis (DM‐GP; n = 24; n = 16 female), idiopathic gastroparesis (ID‐GP; n = 19; n = 11 female), diabetic patients without GP (DM; n = 19; n = 10 female), and healthy controls (HC; n = 18; n = 10 female). Data, presented as mean ± SEM, were analyzed with ANOVA (Sidak post hoc).Key ResultsEndocannabinoids anandamide (AEA: 0.5 ± 0.1 nMol/L) and 2‐arachidonoyl glycerol (2‐AG: 2.6 ± 0.7 nMol/L) were significantly lower in female DM‐GP patients vs. DM females (AEA: 2.5 ± 0.7 nMol/L and 2‐AG: 9.4 ± 3.3 nMol/L). Other monoacylglycerols including 2‐palmitoyl glycerol and 2‐oleoyl glycerol were also lower in female DM‐GP patients compared to DM females. No changes were observed in men.Conclusions & InferencesEndocannabinoids and other fatty acid derivatives with cannabimimetic properties are reduced in female DM‐GP patients. Since GP, particularly with diabetic etiology, is more prevalent among women and since cannabinoids are antiemetic, this decrease in levels may contribute to symptom development in these subjects. Targeting the endocannabinoid system may be a future therapeutic option in DM‐GP patients.