bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonality and photoperiod influence in vitro production of buffalo embryos
Authors: Shahzad Qaisar , Waqas Muhammad , Pu Liping , Wadood Armughan Ahmed , Xie Long , Husna Asma Ul , Yang Kailin , Wang Jingyuan , Xu Huiyan , Lu Kehuan , Lu Yangqing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBuffalo is considered short‐day breeder in tropical and subtropical part of the world and seasonality and photoperiodism impart major influence on its fertility. However, its impact on in vitro embryo production (IVEP) remains elusive. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of seasonal variations and photoperiodism on morphological and molecular parameters of IVEP in buffalo. For this purpose, we conducted two different experiments on the oocytes obtained by aspirating follicles from abattoir derived ovaries. In Exp. I, retrospective analysis was performed for oocyte recovery, blastocyst and hatching rate, during four consecutive seasonal periods (i.e. January–March, April–June, July–September and October–December). In Exp. II, oocytes from peak breeding and non‐breeding seasons were subjected to 24 hr in vitro maturation and evaluated for polar body extrusion to assess maturation rate. Results showed that embryo development was markedly low during second quarter (April–June) and maximum during fourth quarter (October–December) of the year; referred as non‐breeding and breeding seasons, respectively. Comparative data analysis demonstrated that poor oocyte quality is major reason for lesser efficiency of embryo production during non‐breeding season than peak breeding season as suggested by poor oocyte recovery (2.31 ± 0.10 vs. 3.65 ± 0.27) and maturation rate (33.32 ± 2.1 vs. 63.15 ± 7.31). Subsequently, comparative gene expression analysis of blastocysts during peak breeding season significantly upregulated pluripotency gene (OCT‐4) and downregulated heat shock protein 90, as compared to non‐breeding season. Therefore, it could be divulged from the present study that seasonal variations and photoperiodism have profound effect on oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development. It is recommended to find suitable additives for in vitro maturation that could mitigate seasonal effects.
Measuring inclusive growth experiences: Five criteria for productive employment
Authors: Kjøller‐Hansen Anders Oskar , Lindbjerg Sperling Lena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe focus of this study is twofold. First, inclusive growth is measure by setting up five distinct criteria for inclusive growth in relation to productive employment. Second, the growth experience of five countries is evaluated against these criteria using standardized household data assembled by the World Bank. The results support the notion that the experience of each country is highly unique, as all the five countries exhibit different results. The multidimensional method allows the identification of the most critical aspects of the growth process of a specific country.
Family Unity or Money? The Roles of Parent–Child Cohesion and Socioeconomic Status in the Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury Among Chinese Left‐Behind Children
Authors: Wang Quanquan , Xiong Yuke , Liu Xia 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveChinese left‐behind children have faced a high level of stress and tend to engage in nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) behavior. However, the impacts of parental migration on NSSI are complex. The improved family’s socioeconomic status (SES) could have positive impacts on these children’s mental health, yet the parental absence could have negative influences. To explore the complex dynamics of parental migration on NSSI, this study examined the roles of parent–child cohesion and SES in the relationship between stressful life events and NSSI.MethodA total of 509 left‐behind children completed self‐report surveys that addressed stressful life events, NSSI, parent–child cohesion, and SES.ResultsStressful life events were positively related to NSSI in both the migrant father and two migrant parents’ groups. Furthermore, for children with migrant fathers, father–child cohesion and SES significantly moderated the relation between stressful life events and NSSI. The interaction of stressful life events, mother–child cohesion, and SES also was significant. For children with two migrant parents, mother–child cohesion was negatively related to NSSI. No significant interactions were found in this group.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that, although parent–child cohesion and SES were both important for the prevention of NSSI among left‐behind children, parent–child cohesion should remain a priority.
Dynamic relationships between children’s higher‐order regulation and lower‐order reactivity predict development of attention problems
Authors: Liu Pan , Kryski Katie R. , Smith Heather J. , Kotelnikova Yuliya , Singh Shiva , Hayden Elizabeth P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDual‐process theories contend that interplay between higher‐order (i.e., regulatory) and lower‐order (i.e., reactive) systems influences the development of attention in early childhood. We therefore investigated interactions between an aspect of children's top‐down self‐regulation (i.e., effortful control; EC) and positive reactivity (indexed by observed positive affectivity; PA) and negative reactivity (indicated by cortisol stress reactivity and observed fear) in predicting children's early attention problems. We found that observed EC at the age of three predicted lower attention problems 2 years later, controlling for attention problems at baseline. Importantly, the predictive effect of EC was more pronounced for children higher in cortisol stress reactivity at the age of three; this pattern was not found for observed PA or fear. Findings align with dual‐process developmental theories that emphasize the dynamics between regulatory and reactive processes in shaping child development. Our study provides the first evidence supporting dual‐process interactions in the domain of attention problems and has implications for identifying early risk markers and informing early prevention programs for children at greater risk for attention problems.
Optimal Linearization: Word‐Order Typology with Violable Constraints
Authors: Kusmer Leland Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInsofar as linearization is a postsyntactic phenomenon pertaining to phonological forms, it is desirable that it be modeled in a violable‐constraint framework, like other PF‐branch phenomena. This paper presents such a model, with the goal of capturing the Final‐over‐Final Condition, a typological generalization that says that head‐final phrases embed only other head‐final phrases, while head‐initial phrases may embed phrases of either headedness. The specific model proposed here, termed Optimal Linearization, is couched in Optimality Theory and comprises three interacting violable constraints on the mapping of syntactic structure to linear order. One constraint, Antisymmetry, closely mimics the action of Kayne's familiar Linear‐Correspondence Axiom. An opposing constraint HeadFinalitypenalizes deviations from an idealized head‐final order. Lastly, a domain‐specific constraint HeadFinality‐α enforces head‐final ordering only within one constituent, allowing for disharmonic orders that respect the Final‐over‐Final Condition. Optimal Linearization has several advantages beyond typology, including offering insight into the left positioning of specifiers, which can be seen as the emergence of an unmarked preference for head finality. Linearizing at PF also allows us to model cases where phonological or prosodic properties of words affect their order; this is illustrated with the case of Irish pronoun postposing.
Detecting a master thrust system by magnetotelluric sounding along the western Andean Piedmont of Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Reyes Pedro S. B. , Ramírez Milton R. , Cajas Marcelo I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Quito Basin, a narrow NE‐trending tectonic depression, contains a perched Quaternary volcaniclastic sequence juxtaposed against the Interandean Depression through the Quito fault system (QFS). Syntectonic infilling, which occurs during a piggy‐back phase, consists of alluvial fan sets grading eastward into lacustrine facies. The western piedmont margin overlies the foothills of Quaternary volcanoes. Classic thrust tectonic models predict basinward propagation of low‐angle thrusts ahead of master faults. A magnetotelluric survey was used to investigate the western Quito piedmont. Three resistivity sections show similar geoelectrical assemblages. From west to east, a wedge‐shaped high‐resistivity structural high abuts a low‐resistivity domain, representing a fold‐thrust belt overriding a foreland basin. This set continues to the east with a new high‐resistivity structural high sliced by low‐angle imbricated thrusts that culminate in local thrust‐top troughs before grading into a deeper low‐resistivity trough against the younger QFS anticlines. Thus, the Quito master thrust system results in a prominent basin‐facing monocline affecting the foothills of Quaternary volcanoes.
Delimiting the eastern extent of the Altyn Tagh Fault: Insights from structural analyses of seismic reflection profiles
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Fengqi , Cheng Xiaogan , Lin Xiubin , Chen Hanlin , Wyrwoll Karl‐Heinz , Wu Lei , Chen Jie , Krapež Bryan , Lu Yanchou , Ding Weiwei , An Kaixuan , Chen Yaguang , Li Chunyang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) serves as a key continental‐scale controlling structural element of the Tibetan Plateau. However, its eastward extent remains controversial. Here we use high‐resolution seismic reflection profiles to investigate the subsurface structures of the easternmost ATF and use these to delimit the easternmost extent of the fault. The structural analyses show an eastward geometric change from transpressional positive flower structures to compressional thrusts, with transpression‐induced shortening magnitudes decreasing eastwards from a maximum of ~5.3 km to being absent. Stratigraphic controls indicate that the deformation took place over the last ~<1.2 Ma. Our wider findings lead us to: (a) reject the suggestion that the ATF previously extended beyond the Kuantan Shan‐Hei Shan to link with the Alxa‐East Mongolia Fault; and (b) propose that the rigid block model used to describe the Tibetan Plateau crust is not consistent with the extent and structural details of the easternmost ATF.
Parotitis due to Burkholderia cepacia infection after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Xu Hao , Yang Yuqiong , Yan Jiawei , Huang Dongping , Liu Xiaocen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBurkholderia cepacia predominantly causes opportunistic infections in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients such as patients with cystic fibrosis, cancer, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nonetheless, Burkholderia cepacia is infrequently reported to cause infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. Herein, we report a rare case of suppurative parotitis in a 31‐year‐old patient with T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL) who underwent auto‐HSCT. The secretion from the Stensen duct was collected, and Burkholderia cepacia was detected using the VITEK‐2 identification system. Additionally, sensitive antibiotic therapy against this bacterium was also effective. This is the first case of parotitis triggered by Burkholderia cepacia after auto‐HSCT, and it is also the first reported domestic case. This case emphasizes the importance of considering bacterial infections in general and Burkholderia cepacia specifically in HSCT patients with post‐transplant parotitis.
ERF4 affects fruit firmness through TPL4 by reducing ethylene production
Authors: Hu Yanan , Han Zhenyun , Sun Yaqiang , Wang Shuai , Wang Ting , Wang Yi , Xu Kenong , Zhang Xinzhong , Xu Xuefeng , Han Zhenhai , Wu Ting 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe firmness of fleshy fruit crops has a significant effect on their quality, consumer preference, shelf life and transportability. In a combined quantitative trait locus and genome‐wide association studies study of apple fruit texture, we identified a mutation (C‐G) in the ethylene response factor‐associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif in the coding region of the apple ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR4 (ERF4) gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing showed that ERF4 binds to the promoter of ERF3, which is involved in regulation of ethylene biosynthesis. The EAR mutation in ERF4 results in reduced repression of ERF3 expression, which is turn promotes ethylene production and loss of fruit firmness. ERF4 acts as a transcriptional repressor whose activity is modulated by a TOPLESS co‐repressor 4 (TPL4)‐binding EAR repression motif. Biolayer interferometry analysis showed that the mutation in the EAR motif causes a reduction in the interaction with TPL4. Suppression of ERF4 or TPL4 promoted fruit ripening and ethylene production. Taken together, our results provide insights into how ERF4 allelic variation underlies an important fruit quality trait.
A national survey of hospital‐based transfusion services on their approaches to platelet bacterial risk mitigation in response to the FDA final guidance for industry
Authors: Lu Wen , Delaney Meghan , Dunbar Nancy M. , Rossmann Susan N. , Fung Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacterial contamination of platelets is the leading infectious risk to the United States (US) blood supply. On 30 September 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a Final Guidance for Industry to reduce the risk of transfusing platelets contaminated by bacteria. A national survey was undertaken to assess readiness, attitudes, and the potential impact on hospital‐based transfusion services.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA survey was distributed to transfusion services in all 50 US states. Summary statistics were performed along with review and categorization of email feedback and free text comments.RESULTSEighty‐three transfusion services from 48 states participated in this survey study. Currently, the most common approach is primary culture performed at manufacturing (n = 49/83, 59%). Of the bacterial risk mitigation strategies provided by the FDA, the most frequently preferred are (a) pathogen reduced platelets (PRP) for up to 5‐day storage (n = 36/77, 47%), (b) large volume delayed sampling (LVDS) ≥48 hours for up to 7‐day storage (n = 16/77, 21%), and (c) primary culture ≥24 hours + secondary rapid testing for up to 7‐day storage (n = 7/77, 9%). The main motivating factors for the survey participantsʼ selected strategies to comply with FDA final guidance were product availability from supplier, reducing the risk of septic transfusion reactions (STR), and complexity of implementing and performing a new or additional test.CONCLUSIONWhile having platelets to transfuse and preventing STR are of the utmost importance, nationwide, the majority of transfusion services do not want to take on performing new or additional testing in their laboratories.
Inner ear fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery MRI signal intensity in dogs with vestibular disease
Authors: Castillo Gibrann , Parmentier Thomas , Monteith Gabrielle , Gaitero Luis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe inner ear contains endolymph and perilymph. The second is comparable and in continuity with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) so it is expected to suppress in fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if normal. Even though inner ear FLAIR abnormalities have been extensively described in humans with inner ear disease, its diagnostic value in dogs is yet to be proven. The goal of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the diagnostic utility of FLAIR MRI in dogs with vestibular disease. A review of medical records identified 101 dogs that had brain MRI performed because of vestibular signs. Based on the final diagnosis, patients were allocated to three groups: otitis media/interna, idiopathic vestibular disease, and central vestibular disease. Additionally, a control group (n = 73) included dogs with normal MRI and without vestibular signs. Inner ears were delineated using a region of interest, and signal intensity was measured in FLAIR and T2‐weighted images. The percentages of suppression in FLAIR were calculated and compared between affected and unaffected sides of each individual and between groups using a general linear mixed model. Correlation between suppression and CSF cell count and protein concentration was assessed. Affected inner ears in dogs with otitis media/interna had decreased suppression in FLAIR compared to the unaffected side (P < .001), and all other groups (P < .01). No significant correlation was detected between CSF results and suppression. These results show the diagnostic value of FLAIR in otitis media/interna due to lack of suppression in the affected inner ear.
An outbreak of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 linked to a mud‐based obstacle course, England, August 2018
Authors: Sharp Alexander , Smout Elizabeth , Byrne Lisa , Greenwood Rebecca , Abdoollah Richard , Hutchinson Charlotte , Jenkins Claire , Arunachalam Nachi , Padfield Simon , Hughes Gareth , Gent Mike 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn August 2018, Public Health England (PHE) was made aware of five probable cases of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 among individuals reporting participation in a mud‐based obstacle race. An additional four cases, identified via routine whole‐genome sequencing, were subsequently linked to the same event. Two of the nine cases were due to secondary household transmission. Despite an agreement between the event organizers and the local authority, to ensure that all livestock were removed from the site 28 days before the event, sheep were observed grazing on some of the routes taken by the runners 2 days prior to the race taking place. A retrospective review of incidents reported to PHE between 2015 and 2018 identified 41 cases of gastroenteritis associated with muddy assault course events. Of these, 25 cases were due to infection with STEC O157:H7, of which all but one were associated with outbreaks. Due to the environment in which such events take place, it is impossible to entirely remove the risk of exposure to potentially pathogenic zoonoses. However, race organizers should ensure that livestock are removed from the course 28 days before the event. They should also ensure that participants are made aware of the risk of contracting gastrointestinal disease from the environment, and to stress the importance of hand hygiene post‐event and the risk of secondary transmission, particularly to children who are at risk of developing haemolytic uraemic syndrome.
The influence of habitual endurance exercise on carotid artery strain and strain rate in young and middle‐aged men
Authors: Talbot Jack S. , Lord Rachel N. , Wakeham Denis J. , Dawkins Tony G. , Curry Bryony A. , Brown Megan , Lodge Freya M. , Pugh Christopher J. A. 
Published: June 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Carotid artery peak circumferential strain (PCS) and strain rate attenuate with age, but appear to be modulated by cardiorespiratory fitness status in young males. However, the relationship between habitual endurance exercise (running) and these parameters has not been studied in young and middle‐aged men.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Young and middle‐aged runners exhibited elevated PCS and systolic strain rate (S‐SR) compared with non‐runners, but habitual running did not influence diastolic strain rate (D‐SR). Habitual exercise is associated with comparable improvements in carotid strain parameters in young and middle‐aged men, but the age‐related decline in PCS and S‐SR might be more amenable to habitual endurance exercise than D‐SR.

AbstractCentral arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk that can be modified by exercise training. However, conventional local measures of carotid artery stiffness display conflicting responses to habitual endurance exercise in young and older adults. Two‐dimensional (2D)‐Strain imaging of the common carotid artery (CCA) quantifies circumferential deformation (strain) of the arterial wall across the cardiac cycle, which is more sensitive at detecting age‐related alterations in CCA stiffness than conventional methods. Therefore, the study was designed to examine the relationship between habitual endurance exercise (running) and CCA 2D‐Strain parameters in young and middle‐aged men. Short‐axis ultrasound images of the CCA were obtained from 13 young non‐runners [23 years of age (95% confidence interval: 21, 26 years of age)], 19 young runners [24 (22, 26) years of age], 13 middle‐aged non‐runners [54 (52, 56) years of age] and 19 middle‐aged runners [56 (54, 58) years of age]. Images were analysed for peak circumferential strain (PCS; magnitude of deformation) and systolic and diastolic strain rates (S‐SR and D‐SR; deformation velocity), and group differences were examined via two‐way ANOVA. PCS, S‐SR and D‐SR were attenuated in middle‐aged men compared with young men (all P ≤ 0.001). PCS and S‐SR were elevated in young and middle‐aged runners when compared with non‐runners (P = 0.002 and P = 0.009, respectively), but no age × training status interaction was observed. In contrast, there was no influence of habitual running on D‐SR. Habitual exercise is associated with comparable improvements in CCA 2D‐Strain parameters in young and middle‐aged men, but the age‐related decline in PCS and S‐SR might be more amenable to habitual endurance exercise than D‐SR.
Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Synovial Fluids Exhibit New and Distinct Tribological Endotypes
Authors: Feeney Elizabeth , Galesso Devis , Secchieri Cynthia , Oliviero Francesca , Ramonda Roberta , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInferior synovial lubrication is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA), and synovial fluid (SF) lubrication and composition are variable among OA patients. Hyaluronic acid (HA) viscosupplementation is a widely used therapy for improving SF viscoelasticity and lubrication, but it is unclear how the effectiveness of HA viscosupplements varies with arthritic endotype. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the HA viscosupplement, Hymovis®, on the lubricating properties of diseased SF from patients with noninflammatory OA and inflammatory arthritis (IA). The composition (cytokine, HA, and lubricin concentrations) of the SF was measured as well as the mechanical properties (rheology, tribology) of the SF alone and in a 1:1 mixture with the HA viscosupplement. Using rotational rheometry, no difference in SF viscosity was detected between disease types, and the addition of HA significantly increased all fluids' viscosities. In noninflammatory OA SF, friction coefficients followed a typical Stribeck pattern, and their magnitude was decreased by the addition of HA. While some of the IA SF also showed typical Stribeck behavior, a subset showed more erratic behavior with highly variable and larger friction coefficients. Interestingly, this aberrant behavior was not eliminated by the addition of HA, and it was associated with low concentrations of lubricin. Aberrant SF exhibited significantly lower effective viscosities compared to noninflammatory OA and IA SF with typical tribological behavior. Collectively, these results suggest that different endotypes of arthritis exist with respect to lubrication, which may impact the effectiveness of HA viscosupplements in reducing friction.