bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyes removal by use carbon nanotube and carbon nanotube functional group.
Authors: Abdulabbas Ahmed , Bhaa Zainab , Kamal Abdulkhaleq 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Batch experiments were accomplished to remove methylene blue as a cationic dye onto multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon Nano tube functional group (fMWCNTs). The results of predominant variables governing the efficiency of the manner which include, dye concentration, MWCNTs dosage, contact time, stirring speed and pH have been studied. Experimental effects have shown that, the quantity of dye adsorption elevated with elevating CNTs dosage and stirring velocity. in addition to its far lower with decreasing of the initial concentration of the dye. The dye elimination using 400 mg /L of MWCNTs changed into extra than 98%. The dosage (400 mg /L) is the optimum dosage of functionalized CNTs (fMWCNTs). to remove of methylene blue with removal more than 98%. The adsorption kinetic information was analysed the use of pseudo-2nd-order models. It has become determined that the pseudo-2d-order kinetic version became the most suitable version, describing the adsorption kinetics. Adsorption isotherm onto the (fMWCNTs) has become determined with 40 mg /L as methylene blue concentration. Equilibrium time turned into 80 min. Equilibrium statistics had been suited for the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and isotherm constants have been determined.
The prospect and challenges of renewable hydrogen production in Iraq
Authors: Alsaffar May Ali , Ayodele Bamidele Victor , Abdel Ghany Mohamed A. , Yousif Shnain Zainab , Mustapa Siti Indati 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe energy demand in Iraq has increased in the past decade as a result of growth in population and industrialization. Although, most of the energy demand is being met using energy derived from fossil fuels, which are fast depleting and have the problem of emission of greenhouse gases when combusted. Recently, there have been an increasing awareness in the quest for alternative source of cleaner and sustainable energy production. One of such alternatives is hydrogen energy, which has been tagged as the energy of the future with zero-emission when combusted with oxygen. Moreover, hydrogen has wide applications in electrochemical cells for electricity production or as fuel in internal combustion engines for powering vehicles. The present study gives an overview of the prospect and challenges of renewable hydrogen production in Iraq. Moreover, the availability of the different feedstocks for the production of renewable hydrogen as well as the state-of-the-art in Iraqi context were examined. The prospect and challenges in the production of renewable hydrogen in Iraq were also presented.
The theoretical and practical dimension of sustainability in architecture: Analytical study of a number of architectural projects
Authors: Abood Oday Abbas , Ahad Enas Salim Abdl , Khamis Nawal Abdul Amir 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the challenges facing the world, contemporary architecture is oriented towards sustainability as a radical and comprehensive solution that reorients architecture and its currents on both sides of thought and practice. On the other hand, in the context of the technological architectural practice, there are a number of failures that raise many questions about sustainability and what it means and how to achieve it. In this context, this study aims to: Analyze the specificity of sustainable practice in architecture in its applied side compared to the theoretical aspect.
According to the aim of this study, a number of procedural steps were outlined that identified general aspects of sustainability, theoretically & practically. First of them was analyzing a number of selected studies with sustainability in architecture and extracting the most important aspects related to achieving sustainability as a theoretical framework. Through which to measure the achievement of sustainability or not, and then apply it on a number of architectural projects with a global classification of sustainability. To drive indicators and aspects resulting from application and to draw general and specific conclusions of the identification of aspects of sustainability in architectural practice, which emphasized the separation between practice and application, and the lack of inclusiveness of sustainable practice as compared to the theoretical frameworks of sustainability.
Optimization of oxytetracycline sorption onto iron modified montmorillonite
Authors: Barbooti Mahmood M , AlShuwaiki Najah M. , Su Haiyan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aims: Iraqi montmorillonite was saturated with iron (III) to investigate the improvement in the adsorption efficiency towards the antibiotics represented by oxytetracycline
Methods
Design of Experiments was carried out to determine the effect of experimental conditions: initial oxytetracycline molarity concentration (0.1-1.0 mM), montmorillonite content (0.5 – 10 g/L) and the pH value of the solution (3-10) on the adsorption efficiency. Batch equilibration runs were also conducted to study the adsorption of OTC in aqueous solutions onto the modified clay mineral powder for 24 hours. The UV absorption of the residual material at 360 nm was employed to determine the remaining oxytetracycline after equilibration for 24 hours.
The iron introduction into montmorillonite resulted in enhancement of adsorption efficiency towards oxytetracycline which may be related to the possibility of stable complex with Fe(III) to make a 1:3 complex with it.
Results: On using the optimum conditions, a mathematical model simulating the operation for the treatment was obtained as follows:
Eff % =-0.467+0.160 m + 0.839Co +0.126 pH - 0.046 m.Co + 0.041 Co
2 - 0.071 Co.pH
Experimentally the OTC concentration could be decreased from 0.5 down to 0.03 mM in synthetic wastewater at a pH value of 5.5 by sorption onto 6.85g.L−1 clay (montmorillonite)/L.
Conclusion: The treatment with iron allows the use of lower clay material to perform the OTC removal.
Selection of Suitable Site for Solid Waste Landfill : a case study in Kirkuk City, Iraq
Authors: Omar Najat Q. , Shawkat Iman A. , Ali Sami H. , Abujayyab Sohaib K. M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Selection of a landfill site for solid wastes is considered one of the challenges for local governments and municipalities’ directorates in particular all over the world, simply because every single city produces huge amount of solid wastes (garbage’s) each day that come from homes, hospitals, schools, industry, offices and centers of markets. In this study, Kirkuk city has been selected as a case study to figure out the solutions for trash, bad odors in most of the neighbourhoods, groundwater pollution, harmful toxic wastes, etc. So, proper criteria selection is very important as a starting point of landfills to preclude unwanted long-standing effects. Otherwise the traditional process of site selection process is difficult because its time consuming and costly. An integration of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Expert Choices Process (ECP) method is best combined technique to solve complex decision making and to select based on the study area condition. Six criteria have been used to select potential suitable site landfill in Kirkuk city. It turned out that the highest criteria is the built up area and the lowest one is bearing capacity of soil (BCS). Moreover, the final produced map shows the suitable area for landfill siting The work purports to present methodology of this inquiry and objective can make impressive solve in global environmental change and its regularly supplies an efficacious operation to select the suitable site to landfill the solid wastes.
Comparison between Saaty’s approach and Alonso and Lamata’s approach in site selection process
Authors: AL-Hameedawi Amjed Naser M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper illustrates comparisons between Saaty’s Approach and Alonso and Lamata’s Approach to deploying a set of indicators/criteria for prioritizing and selecting practice to Irrigation Project with the application of remote sensing techniques. Inaccuracy in checking the consistency of the site process leads to poor selection of irrigation projects location. Where the loss of appropriate plan and mistake in the choice of the most reasonable site for the irrigation project is one of the deficiencies that resulted in shortcoming in the building of the irrigation projects and this may prompt the fall of the farming. Data are gathered through expert’s questionnaires, group discussions, interviews and literature review. Based on all pre-mentioned tools, indicators/criteria were derived for use in the selection process evaluation. This paper paved the way for further research on the topic of accuracy in adopting consistency approaches that give the best results.
Geotechnical maps for Salah Al-Deen-Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Sahib , Hasan Musaab Falih , Al-bayati Khaldoon Satea 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The objective of the study is to produce a digital geotechnical map of Salah Al-Deen Governorate in Iraq through employing the capabilities of GIS and remote sensing techniques. Those maps can represent the distribution of different geotechnical properties in an accurate easy to use manner. This study is performed in many phases that began with get a space map and government boundaries of the investigation area that point gather the information required for the study from public school building projects. These points position determines using a GPS then analysis the data into the program (ArcGIS10.4). The total number of the boreholes used in this research (24) points each point consists of three test boreholes with depth up to (10m). The results producing geotechnical maps for the B.C. and soil properties in the Salah Al-Deen Governorate, these geotechnical maps can provide a description clear and simple access to the properties such as bearing capacity, Gypsum Content, and Organic percent. As well as showing the quality of groundwater.
The Error in Calculated Distance due to the propagation of Positions Error
Authors: Jassim Mohammed Anwer 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It is known that distance can be measured directly using the instruments of distance measurement, or indirectly using the coordinates of two edge points using the popular Pythagorean formula. In most of the geomatics engineering studies, the error in distances is expressed by the uncertainty of the direct measured distances only, while there is not enough studies that highlight the error in a computed distance. This paper presents the error in distance in a novel formulated approach, which considers the planimetric position error in both edges of the computed distance, to determine the error in that distance. Furthermore, the research concludes that the size and direction of error ellipse at edge points and the azimuth of the distance, are the main factors that combine to define the value of error in those distances that are measured indirectly.
Revealing the potentials of 3D modelling techniques; a comparison study towards data fusion from hybrid sensors
Authors: Jaber Abbas S. , Abed Fanar M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The vast advantages of 3D modelling industry have urged competitors to improve capturing techniques and processing pipelines towards minimizing labour requirements, saving time and reducing project risk. When it comes to digital 3D documentary and conserving projects, laser scanning and photogrammetry are compared to choose between the two. Since both techniques have pros and cons, this paper approaches the potential issues of individual techniques in terms of time, budget, accuracy, density, methodology and ease to use. Terrestrial laser scanner and close-range photogrammetry are tested to document a unique invaluable artefact (Lady of Hatra) located in Iraq for future data fusion scenario. Insight investigations of the factors affecting data processing and modelling in individual comparing techniques are discussed and analysed. Qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis was applied based on multiple criteria, such as level of automation (LOA), accuracy and point cloud integrity towards the adaption of data fusion approaches and co-registering frameworks for optimal deliverables.
Analysis of Error in Geodetic Networks using Different Observation Methods
Authors: Abid Mohammed A. , Husein Haifaa Nasser , Hamed Noor Hashim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Now a day, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is used in engineering surveying application, civil engineering construction and for correct object positioning, as in other fields (soil mapping characterization, military applications, and so on). As a result of the multipath error that increases when GPS signal is reflected by smooth surfaces around the antenna, the accuracy of positioning is reduced. For GPS signals this effect mainly appears in the neighbourhood of large buildings. In this research the faculty of engineering at University of Tikrit was chosen as a study area and the points were established at nearby building whose surface was able to reflect the incoming signals. The reflected signal takes more time to reach the receiver than the direct signal. The multipath effect is caused by reflection of satellite signals (radio waves) on objects. This paper shows the result of error obtained by (RTK and static observations) in different situations based on the GPS signals with different differential GPS receiver’s system that was caused by multipath error reflected.
The Compact city and urban image of the traditional city center
Authors: Abid E. H. , Alkinani A. S. , Abudlmunim S. A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The traditional city suffers from the decline of the urban image due to urban development and homogeneity with the urban context of the city, and because of the lack of determinants governing the urban image, it is that the center of the city of traditional Kadhimiya suffers from a break in the urban image, Therefore, the research included how to build a distinctive urban image of the center of the traditional city of Kadhimiya and achieve the visual pleasure and comfort of the recipient and the urban image here means is an image not picture which are related to several aspects, including physical, social and psychological as well as the collective memory of individuals and their relationship with their environment and a sense of them and thus, interacting with it. The indicators of the research were drawn from the theoretical framework which is measured by the questionnaire to be applied to the study area. The research found that the compact city’s characteristics (high density, mixed-use, accessibility, proximity, public transportation directly influence the formation of the urban image through diversity, complexity, variability, and diversity of housing options and urban activities as a result of their impact on (identity, meaning, structure). The most important conclusions and recommendations were that the cognitive process of the urban image is linked to the collective memory, social and cultural values, customs, traditions, attention to the surrounding area of the shrine and its rehabilitation to fit the urban context and achieve visual enrichment and reinforce the sense of belonging to the city by building the urban image.
Architecture and urban of the Islamic Arabic city “Study in unlimited their properties”
Authors: Al-Ataabi Mahdi S.F. , Hameed Tuqa M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research relates to the concept of Arab Islamic cities’ characteristics as one of the most effective concepts in their planning, which are not limited in specific thoughts. The problem statement in this study is determined by crystallizing a comprehensive theoretical vision about the urban planning of Arab and Islamic cities. Moreover, the current research aims to clarifying the unlimited characteristics which are adopted in the planning of the Arab-Islamic cities. Accordingly, this study assumes that the indicators of these characteristics have a positive impact on the planning of Arab-Islamic cities. In order to address the issue and achieve the objectives, the work was to first build a knowledge framework. Furthermore, an integral theoretical framework of its characteristics which were extracted from the architectural proposals was studied. This is to be reflected in final form in four main indicators which include “engineering characteristics, environmental characteristics, aesthetic characteristics, and the social characteristics”. Subsequently, applying it to selected local Arab cities to clarify their impact in the planning the urban fabric of the Arab-Islamic city. Also, to reach conclusions which are clear and in control of the process of planning according to all indicators of extracted characteristics.
Spatial analysis of Private school sites in Al-Jihad neighborhood in Baghdad-Iraq by using geographic information systems
Authors: Abdul Jabbar S , Laffta S J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
High rates of population growth of Al-Jihad neighborhood in Baghdad-Iraq, and the urban expansion accompanying this increase, as well as internal migration due to the recent circumstances in Iraq led to a great pressure on educational services and their ability to meet the needs of the growing population, all that led to the establishment of private schools and as a result, the number of private schools has increased significantly in the past years, The selection of the locations of these private schools was random and with no consideration of planning criteria. This paper examines the issue of selecting the sites of private schools without relying on the special planning criteria and determinants. The research methodology is based on the analysis of spatial sites of private secondary schools in Al Jihad neighborhood in Baghdad-Iraq to determine spatial distribution patterns of private secondary schools in the study area as well as the distance between secondary school sites in neighborhoods. Evaluate the application of planning and design standards to locate school sites. Clarify the adequacy of the location of private secondary schools with the population’s needs for educational services, analyze spatial distribution of schools and finally identify appropriate locations for these schools. by use of geographic information systems (GIS) in analyzing spatial distribution of the schools and determining the suitable locations for these schools, the research found that the private secondary schools within the study area are distributed randomly and are not subject to any planning criteria in their spatial signature. The research suggest a number of proposals and planning solutions to solve the problem of not appropriate spatial signature of private secondary schools in Al-Jihad neighborhood.
Preface
Authors: Solovev D B 
Published: March 2020

International science and technology conference “FarEastСon-2019” (FarEastCon 2019) took place on October 1-4, 2019 in Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
The conference represents an informational platform for accumulation of expert opinion on projects and initiatives that are aimed at implementation of farsighted scientific research and development; it allows to present scientific and practical achievements to a wide circle of researchers.
Sections of the conference are of interest for the broad range of experts in the sphere of development of innovative solutions and organizing events that increase the efficiency of economic and innovative activities.
The international program committee has selected some papers for publishing in the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
FarEastCon 2019 is a high-quality conference with a competitive submission process. For example, in 2019, FarEastCon 2019 only accepted 42% of submitted papers. FarEastCon 2019 has a rigorous reviewing process that is similar to the processes used by IEEE. Every submitted paper and poster is subjected to this process.
The main criterion is a judgment of the degree to which the submitted paper contributes substantial new research.
Reviewers rate the paper using a 10-point ranking scale, and provide a written evaluation. The written evaluation needs to support the reasoning behind the numeric ranking.
After the review period, there is a discussion period, where all reviewers can see the other reviews.
Organizing committee would like to express our sincere appreciation to everybody who has contributed to the conference. Heartfelt thanks are due to authors, reviewers, participants and to all the team of organizers for their support and enthusiasm which granted success to the conference.
Conference Char, Denis B. Solovev.
Anode ink formulation for a fully printed flexible fuel cell stack
Authors: Hakola Liisa , Parra Puerto Andres , Vaari Anu , Maaninen Tiina , Kucernak Anthony , Viik Saara , Smolander Maria 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn fuel cells the underlying reactions take place at the catalyst layers composed of materials favoring the desired electrochemical reactions. This paper introduces a formulation process for a catalyst inkjet ink used as an anode for a fully printed flexible fuel cell stack. The optimal ink formulation was 2.5 wt% of carbon–platinum–ruthenium mixture with 0.5% Nafion concentration in a diacetone alcohol solvent vehicle. The best jetting performance was achieved when 1 wt% binder was included in the ink formulation. Anodes with resistivity of approximately 0.1 Ω cm were inkjet printed, which is close to the commercial anode resistivity of 0.05 Ω cm. The anodes were used in fuel cell stacks that were prepared by utilizing only printing methods. The best five-cell-air-breathing stack showed an open circuit potential under H2/air conditions of 3.4 V. The peak power of this stack was 120µW cm−2at 1.75 V, with a resistance obtained from potentiostatic impedance analysis of 295 Ohm cm2. The printed electrodes showed a performance suitable for low-performance solutions, such as powering single-use sensors.
Concomitance of superconducting spin–orbit scattering length and normal state spin diffusion length in W on (Bi,Sb)2Te3
Authors: Lau Yong-Chang , Akiyama Ryota , Hirose Hishiro T , Nakanishi Ryosuke , Terashima Taichi , Uji Shinya , Hasegawa Shuji , Hayashi Masamitsu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We report the observation of an anomalously large in-plane upper critical field, exceeding at least 2.5 times the Pauli paramagnetic limit, in a thin superconducting W film grown on a topological insulator (Bi,Sb)2Te3. This can be accounted for by setting the spin–orbit scattering length of superconducting W to a value ranging from 1 to 2 nm, which is comparable to the spin diffusion length of normal state W. The coupling between the topological surface states of (Bi,Sb)2Te3 and the wave functions of superconducting W may also contribute to the observed giant critical field. Our results suggest the universality of the spin–orbit scattering formalism for describing the transport involving the diffusive carriers as well as the Cooper pairs in systems with strong spin–orbit coupling.