bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrending Exoplanetary Transit Light Curves with Long Short-term Memory Networks
Authors: Morvan Mario , Nikolaou Nikolaos , Tsiaras Angelos , Waldmann Ingo P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The precise derivation of transit depths from transit light curves is a key component for measuring exoplanet transit spectra, and henceforth for the study of exoplanet atmospheres. However, it is still deeply affected by various kinds of systematic errors and noise. In this paper we propose a new detrending method by reconstructing the stellar flux baseline during transit time. We train a probabilistic long short-term memory (LSTM) network to predict the next data point of the light curve during the out-of-transit, and use this model to reconstruct a transit-free light curve—i.e., including only the systematics—during the in-transit. By making no assumption about the instrument, and using only the transit ephemeris, this provides a general way to correct the systematics and perform a subsequent transit fit. The name of the proposed model is TLCD-LSTM, standing for transit light-curve detrending-LSTM. Here we present the first results on data from six transit observations of HD 189733b with the IRAC camera on board the Spitzer Space Telescope, and discuss some of its possible further applications.
Standing MHD Waves in a Magnetic Slab Embedded in an Asymmetric Plasma Environment: Slow Surface Waves
Authors: Oxley William , Zsámberger Noémi Kinga , Erdélyi Róbert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The field of solar magnetoseismology (SMS) is heavily reliant upon our understanding of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves that occur in many solar features. Building on previous studies of propagating MHD waves in a magnetic slab embedded in a nonmagnetic asymmetric environment, in this study we assume a line-tying boundary condition and use analytical techniques to derive the dispersion relation for linear standing MHD oscillations. The slab is first assumed thin, with arbitrary asymmetry, in order to derive the frequencies of the standing harmonic modes for both slow quasi-sausage and slow quasi-kink waves. Besides this, the asymmetry is assumed to be weak in order to determine the frequency dependence on the width of the slab and the asymmetry of the system, to leading order. For both the quasi-sausage and quasi-kink modes, the derived eigenfrequencies show that the dependence on the asymmetry in the system is much weaker than the dependence on the width of the slab. Using the eigenfrequencies, other observable quantities are derived (such as, e.g., the frequency ratio) providing an opportunity to use SMS to infer background diagnostics of the system.
The PIPER Survey. I. An Initial Look at the Intergalactic Globular Cluster Population in the Perseus Cluster
Authors: Harris William E. , Brown Rachel A. , Durrell Patrick R. , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Blakeslee John , Brodie Jean , Janssens Steven , Lisker Thorsten , Okamoto Sakurako , Wittmann Carolin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We describe the goals and first results of the Program for Imaging of the PERseus cluster of galaxies (PIPER). The first phase of the program builds on imaging of fields obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS)/WFC and WFC3/UVIS cameras. Our PIPER target fields with HST include major early-type galaxies including the active central giant NGC 1275, known ultra-diffuse galaxies, and the intracluster medium. The resulting two-color photometry in F475W and F814W reaches deep enough to resolve and measure the globular cluster (GC) populations in the Perseus member galaxies. Here we present initial results for eight pairs of outer fields that confirm the presence of intergalactic GCs (IGCs) in fields as distant as 740 kpc from the Perseus center (40% of the virial radius of the cluster). Roughly 90% of these IGCs are identifiably blue (metal-poor) but there is a clear trace of a red (metal-rich) component as well, even at these very remote distances.
A Nucleosynthetic Origin for the Southwestern Fe-rich Structure in Kepler’s Supernova Remnant
Authors: Sato Toshiki , Bravo Eduardo , Badenes Carles , P. Hughes John , Williams Brian J. , Yamaguchi Hiroya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Chandra X-ray observations of Kepler’s supernova remnant indicate the existence of a high-speed Fe-rich ejecta structure in the southwestern region. We report strong K-shell emission from Fe-peak elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni), as well as Ca, in this Fe-rich structure, implying that those elements could be produced in the inner area of the exploding white dwarf. We found Ca/Fe, Cr/Fe, Mn/Fe, and Ni/Fe mass ratios of 1.0%–4.1%, 1.0%–4.6%, 1%–11%, and 2%–30%, respectively. In order to constrain the burning regime that could produce this structure, we compared these observed mass ratios with those in 18 one-dimensional Type Ia nucleosynthesis models (including both near-M
Ch and sub-M
Ch explosion models). The observed mass ratios agree well with those around the middle layer of incomplete Si burning in Type Ia nucleosynthesis models with a peak temperature of ∼(5.0–5.3) × 109 K and a high metallicity, Z > 0.0225. Based on our results, we infer the necessity for some mechanism to produce protruding Fe-rich clumps dominated by incomplete Si-burning products during the explosion. We also discuss the future perspectives of X-ray observations of Fe-rich structures in other Type Ia supernova remnants.
Electron Beams Cannot Directly Produce Coronal Rain
Authors: Reep Jeffrey W. , Antolin Patrick , Bradshaw Stephen J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Coronal rain is ubiquitous in flare loops, forming shortly after the onset of the solar flare. Rain is thought to be caused by a thermal instability, a localized runaway cooling of material in the corona. The models that demonstrate this require extremely long duration heating on the order of the radiative cooling time, localized near the footpoints of the loops. In flares, electron beams are thought to be the primary energy transport mechanism, driving strong footpoint heating during the impulsive phase that causes evaporation, filling and heating flare loops. Electron beams, however, do not act for a long period of time, and even supposing that they did, their heating would not remain localized at the footpoints. With a series of numerical experiments, we show directly that these two issues mean that electron beams are incapable of causing the formation of rain in flare loops. This result suggests that either there is another mechanism acting in flare loops responsible for rain, or that the modeling of the cooling of flare loops is somehow deficient. To adequately describe flares, the standard model must address this issue to account for the presence of coronal rain.
Constraining the Nuclear Equation of State via Gravitational-wave Radiation of Short Gamma-Ray Burst Remnants
Authors: Lan Lin , Lü Hou-Jun , Rice Jared , Liang En-Wei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The observed internal plateau of X-ray emission in some short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) suggests the formation of a remnant supramassive magnetar following a double neutron star (NS) merger. In this paper, we assume that the rotational energy is lost mainly via gravitational-wave radiation instead of magnetic dipole (MD) radiation, and present further constraints on the NS nuclear equation of state (EoS) via mass quadrupole deformation and r-mode fluid oscillations of the magnetar. We present two short GRBs with measured redshifts, 101219A and 160821B, whose X-ray light curves exhibit an internal plateau. This suggests that a supramassive NS may survive as the central engine. By considering 12 NS EoSs, within the mass quadrupole deformation scenario we find that the GM1, DD2, and DDME2 models give an M
p band falling within the 2σ region of the proto-magnetar mass distribution for ε = 0.01. This is consistent with the constraints from the MD radiation dominated model of rotational energy loss. However, for an r-mode fluid oscillation model with α = 0.1 the data suggest that the NS EOS is close to the Shen and APR models, which is obviously different from the MD radiation dominated and mass quadrupole deformation cases.
Characterization of Synthesized Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose with Variation of Solvent Mixture and Alkali Concentration
Authors: Wahyuni Henny Sri , Yuliasmi Sri , Aisyah Hanifah Siti , Riati Devi 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: CMC is one of the water-soluble polysaccharide derivatives obtained from cellulose. Alkalization and carboxymethylation process will influence the quality of the CMC. The use of a combination of mixed solvents and varying alkali concentrations in the synthesis process of CMC needs to be studied so that CMC can be synthesized with the proper characteristics.
AIM: This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of carboxymethyl cellulose synthesized using various solvents and NaOH concentrations.
METHODS: Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was synthesized using solvent mixture, namely isopropanol: isobutanol (30: 70) and isopropanol:ethanol (50: 50) with varied concentration of NaOH of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, respectively. Synthesized CMC was characterized by an organoleptic test, pH, infrared analysis, and degree of substitution (DS).
RESULTS: The result showed that characteristics of synthesized CMC were different from one another. The organoleptic test showed that synthesized CMC uses isopropanol: isobutanol (30: 70) was coarse powder, odourless and tasteless, ivory until burlywood along with increasing NaOH concentration; while the synthesized CMC with isopropanol: ethanol (50: 50) was a colourless, odourless, tasteless and fine powder. The pH of synthesized CMC was neutral. Infrared profile of synthesized CMC indicated the existence of carboxyl functional groups in 1600-1640 cm-1 region. The degree of substitution value of formula II-5, II-10, II-15, II-20, II-25, IE-5, IE-10, IE-15, IE-20, and IE-25 were 0.885;0.757; 0.685; 0.592; 0.575; 0.611; 0.906; 0.603; 0.671; 0.751, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Characteristics of CMC vary depending on the type of solvent mixture and NaOH concentrations used in synthesis. The more polarity of a solvent mixture the more colourless and higher DS value of synthesized CMC. On the other hand, the more alkali concentration in synthesis CMC the more colour and higher DS value was acquired.
Editors should allow only significant digits
Authors: Polderman Arjan 
Published: February 2020

&ldquo;Out of 80 experiments, 45 (56.3%) had a favourable outcome.&rdquo; If you read this sentence in a manuscript, would you want to edit the figures?I certainly would. There are too many digits in &lsquo;56.3%&rsquo;. The decimal 3 is meaningless; 56% is precise enough. If the number of favourable outcomes is 44, the percentage score is 55%; with 46 successes it is 58%. There is no uncertainty here.
But what should we do when we are dealing with 237 out of 623? Both 237 and 238 result in a score of 38%. Wouldn&rsquo;t it be wise to distinguish these outcomes by writing 38.0% and 38.2% respectively? Well, if such precision is important, we can simply present the absolute values. Absolute values are always accurate; percentages and fractions are only approximations.
What might be the purpose of accurate percentages? I appreciate that percentage scores and fractions are better for comparisons than absolute values. With percentages I can see at a glance that 237/623 is more than 165/465 (38% and 35% respectively). Percentages are&nbsp;quick &ndash; and inaccurate, even with additional decimals.
Student performance and perception regarding descriptive and case based anatomy questions
Authors: Amaratunga H. A. , Peiris S. P. M. , Gunasena H. R. 
Published: February 2020

Objective: It was the objective of this study to quantify the performance and ascertain the first year students’ perception of descriptive and clinical anatomy questions. Methods: Students in the 1st year 2nd semester at the Faculty of Medicine Peradeniya were recruited. They were given 2 questions similar to exam questions from a familiar area. One question was descriptive, and the other a clinical case scenario. Students were given 30 minutes to answer. Scripts were marked according to a marking scheme and scored out of hundred. At the end of the assessment students were given a questionnaire to gather information regarding their perception regarding the two types of questions. Results: There were 192 students and all had answered both questions. Average scores were 73.2% for the descriptive question and 65.7% for the clinical case scenario. Of the students 65.3% thought that the clinical case scenario type of question should be given for assessments while 58% said that they preferred to answer this type of question. Eighty two percent said descriptive type of question was easy. Conclusion: It is evident from these findings that even though students score better in descriptive type of questions a majority think that clinical case based questions should be included in assessment and they prefer to answer such questions.
Occupational eye injuries; are they preventable?
Authors: Dissanayake M. M. , Silva C. J. , Dissanayake P. H. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Ocular trauma at workplace is a worldwide cause of visual morbidity. It could be prevented by compliance to proper protective eyewear and increasing awareness. Preventive strategies can be best developed by analyzing the patterns and epidemiology of injuries. This study was designed to evaluate patterns and epidemiology of occupational eye injuries with a view to developing preventive strategies. Material and Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, 152 ocular trauma patients presenting to Accident and Emergency service of National Eye Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka were enrolled. Data was obtained via an interviewer administered questionnaire and was analyzed by SPSS version 17. Results: Majority of the participants were aged 18-28years (50.7%). Males (96.1%) had the highest incidence of ocular injuries. Most of the patients were the sole breadwinner (84.2%) without life insurance (85.5%) or savings (62.5%) and are from low socioeconomic grounds (61.8%). The cornea (79.6%) was mostly affected; by superficial foreign bodies (62.5%) and by closed globe injury (99.3%).Greater number of ocular trauma was caused by physical means (75.7%) by sharp objects (67.8%). Majority of the participants 84.9% had not been using any eye protection at the time of injury. Protective eyewear was only provided at 44.7% of work places. Most of the patients attended the hospital 12-24 hours after (42.8%) ocular trauma. Out of the patients who presented to the hospital 77% were not given any first aid. Conclusion: Our results are comparable with those found in the literature. Promoting use of effective eye protection equipment and revision of the laws on occupational safety are some of the recommendations proposed to prevent occupational eye injuries.
Comparison of temperature variations during laparoscopic and open anterior resections and abdomino-perineal resections
Authors: Galketiya K. B. , Pinto V. , Anurada R. , Jayasinghearachchi T. M. K. 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To compare the incidence of hypothermia during open and laparoscopic colorectal surgeries. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of temperature variations of laparoscopic anterior resection and abdomino-perineal resections performed from January 2014 to April 2016 in the Professorial surgical unit at Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Sri Lanka was evaluated. This was compared with that of open resections. Results: Thirty four patients were operated, twenty four patients being performed laparoscopically. The main temperature drop occurred soon after induction of anaesthesia, measured 15minutes after induction. The mean drop in laparoscopic group is 1.39 and 1.6 in open group. The drop in open group is higher which was statistically significant with a p value of 0.001. The fluctuations each hour subsequently were less and temperature gains were noted in some hours in both groups which. The total drop at end of procedure was 1.04 in laparoscopy group and 2.19 in open group. The difference was statistically significant with a p value of 0.05. Conclusions: The temperature drop in open surgery group is higher than laparoscopic surgery group performed for carcinoma of rectum.
Questors, Jesters and Renegades
Authors: Coveney Michael 
Published: February 2020

Shortlisted for the Theatre Book Prize 2021
This is the vital story of the amateur theatre as it developed from the medieval guilds to the modern theatre of Ayckbourn and Pinter, with a few mishaps and missed cues along the way. Michael Coveney – a former member of Ilford’s Renegades - tells this tale with a charm and wit that will have you shouting out for an encore.
Between the two world wars, amateur theatre thrived across the UK, from Newcastle to Norwich, from Bolton to Birmingham and Bangor, championed by the likes of George Bernard Shaw, Sybil Thorndike, and J B Priestley. Often born out of a particular political cause or predicament, many of these theatres and companies continue to evolve, survive and even prosper today.
This is the first account of its kind, packed with anecdote and previously unheard stories, and it shows how amateur theatre is more than a popular pastime: it has been endemic to the birth of the National Theatre, as well as a seedbed of talent and a fascinating barometer and product of the times in which we live.
Some of the companies Coveney delves into – all taking centre stage in this entertaining and lively book - include the Questors and Tower Theatre in London; Birmingham’s Crescent Theatre; The Little Theatre in Bolton, where Ian McKellen was a schoolboy participant; the Halifax Thespians; Lincolnshire’s Broadbent Theatre, co-founded by Jim Broadbent’s father and other conscientious objectors at the end of World War II; Crayford’s Geoffrey Whitworth Theatre, where the careers of Michael Gambon and Diana Quick were launched; Anglesey’s Theatr Fach, a crucible of Welsh language theatre; and Cornwall’s stunning cliff-top Minack.
Gender, Orientalism and the Jewish Nation
Authors: Swarts Lynne M. 
Published: February 2020

Ephraim Moses Lilien (1874-1925) was one of the most important Jewish artists of modern times. As a successful illustrator, photographer, painter and printer, he became the first major Zionist artist. Surprisingly there has been little in-depth scholarly research and analysis of Lilien’s work available in English, making this book an important contribution to historical and art-historical scholarship.
Concentrating mainly on his illustrations for journals and books, Lynne Swarts acknowledges the importance of Lilien’s groundbreaking male iconography in Zionist art, but is the first to examine Lilien’s complex and nuanced depiction of women, which comprised a major dimension of his work. Lilien’s female images offer a compelling glimpse of an alternate, independent and often sexually liberated modern Jewish woman, a portrayal that often eluded the Zionist imagination. Using an interdisciplinary approach to integrate intellectual and cultural history with issues of gender, Jewish history and visual culture, Swarts also explores the important fin de siècle tensions between European and Oriental expressions of Jewish femininity. The work demonstrates that Lilien was not a minor figure in the European art scene, but a major figure whose work needs re-reading in light of his cosmopolitan and national artistic genius.
Babette's Feast
Authors: Baggini Julian 
Published: February 2020

On the face of it, Gabriel Axel's Babette's Feast (1989) is a film in which the eyes – and mouths – of religious zealots are opened to the glories of the sensual world. It is a critique of what Nietzsche called life-denying religion in favour of life-affirming sensuality. But to view the film in that way is to get it profoundly wrong. In his study of the film, Julian Baggini argues that Babette's Feast is not about the battle between religiosity and secularity but a deep examination of how the two can come together.
Babette's Feast merits reading as an example of what philosopher Stephen Mulhall calls film as philosophy. Films are often taken to illustrate or dramatise philosophical issues, or to include passages of dialogue which are explicit philosophical expositions. To see a film as philosophy, however, is to see it as actually doing philosophy, not by presenting a prose argument but by getting us to attend to what is philosophically important. This is philosophy by showing, not telling. In Babette's Feast, what we are being shown is that the traditional distinctions between the spiritual; and the secular, the transcendent and the immanent, are a lot less clear than is assumed, and in many cases non existent. Baggini's analysis focuses on themes of love, pleasure, artisty and grace, to provide a rich philosophical reading of this most sensual of films.
Characterizing uncertainty in the hydraulic parameters of oil sands mine reclamation covers and its influence on water balance predictions
Authors: Alam M. Shahabul , Barbour S. Lee , Huang Mingbin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. One technique to evaluate the performance of oil sands reclamation covers is through the simulation of long-term water balance using calibrated soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer models. Conventional practice has been to derive a single set of optimized hydraulic parameters through inverse modelling (IM) based on short-term (<5–10 years) monitoring datasets. This approach is unable to characterize the impact of variability in the cover properties. This study utilizes IM to optimize the hydraulic properties for 12 soil cover designs, replicated in triplicate, at
Syncrude's Aurora North mine site. The hydraulic parameters for three soil
types (peat cover soil, coarse-textured subsoil, and lean oil sand substrate) were optimized at each monitoring site from 2013 to 2016. The resulting 155 optimized parameter values were used to define distributions for each parameter/soil type, while the progressive Latin hypercube sampling (PLHS) method was used to sample parameter values randomly from the optimized
parameter distributions. Water balance models with the sampled parameter
sets were used to evaluate variations in the maximum sustainable leaf area
index (LAI) for five illustrative covers and quantify uncertainty associated
with long-term water balance components and LAI values. Overall, the PLHS
method was able to better capture broader variability in the water balance
components than a discrete interval sampling method. The results also
highlight that climate variability dominates the simulated variability in
actual evapotranspiration and that climate and parameter uncertainty have a similar influence on the variability in net percolation.