bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fading confidence: A qualitative exploration of parents’ experiences caring for a febrile child
Authors: Thompson Alison P. , Le Anne , Hartling Lisa , Scott Shannon D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore parents’ experiences with paediatric fever to understand their needs for information and support.BackgroundPaediatric fever is a normal part of childhood, and multiple episodes of fever are a common occurrence between infancy and adulthood. Despite this expectation, paediatric fever often sparks fear and anxiety amongst parents. Existing research has primarily focused on measuring parental deficits, so a more in‐depth exploration is helpful to understand the complexities of caring for a febrile child.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsPurposive sampling of N = 15 parents from a paediatric emergency department presenting with a febrile child. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted in‐person or via telephone. Thematic analysis was used to understand the data in the light of our research question. Reporting follows the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research checklist.ResultsWe found themes of (a) parental confidence through caregiving tasks, (b) emergent feelings of inadequacy, (i) referrals and limitations of community practice, (c) information needs and (d) information sources. Whereas parents were initially confident accessing information, providing care, making decisions and managing symptoms, new signs/symptoms sparked a change in parents’ emotions, coping and behaviour. Parents routinely search for information about paediatric fever and value reliable, accessible resources.ConclusionsOur findings highlight parents’ strengths assessing fever and effectively managing symptoms. We are encouraged by the potential for these results to inform the development of empowering resources to help parents make child health decisions during paediatric fever.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings provide an evidence base for researchers, clinicians and policymakers to improve care for paediatric patients and families. Parents want clear, reliable and accessible information about decision points associated with paediatric fever. Resources with an empowerment focus may help parents maintain a sense of control when caring for a febrile child.
Effect of education and counselling on reducing pain and anxiety in women undergoing hysterosalpingography: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Guvenc Gulten , Bektas Pardes Burcin , Kinci Mehmet Ferdi , Karasahin Kazım Emre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate the effects of education and counselling on anxiety and pain in women undergoing hysterosalpingography (HSG) as part of infertility treatment.BackgroundThe hysterosalpingography has an important diagnostic role in finding the cause of infertility and making a decision on management of treatment. In addition, it is considered a feared procedure in the infertility process and the one about which very little is known. Women often experience anxiety and pain during the HSG procedure.DesignA randomised controlled trial.MethodsThe CONSORT guidelines have been used to describe the methods. Women who were diagnosed with infertility between February–October 2016 were included in the study. The participants were randomised and divided into intervention (52) and control (53) groups. The sociodemographic and obstetric data collection form, the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and a visual analogue scale were used before the procedure. After the questionnaires were applied to the intervention group, individual learning and counselling sessions were given about the hysterosalpingography process. Brochures were also distributed to the patients for their reference after the learning session. The control group received standard care.ResultsWhen the intervention and control groups were compared, it was found that the education and counselling given before the HSG procedure significantly decreased the level of pain and anxiety felt by women. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between pain and anxiety after the training in the intervention group.ConclusionsThis study indicates that the education and counselling given to women before the HSG procedure are effective interventions for reducing pain and anxiety in women undergoing HSG.Relevance to clinical practiceWith the application of HSG education and counselling, and the distribution of brochures to each patient, pain and anxiety can be reduced during the HSG procedure.
The effect of acupressure (GB30) on intramuscular injection pain and satisfaction: Single–blind, randomised controlled study
Authors: Inangil Demet , Inangil Gokhan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of acupressure on intramuscular injection pain, satisfaction and vital signs.BackgroundPain at the injection site may lead to discomfort and may affect patients' compliance to treatment.DesignThis was a prospective, single‐blind, crossover study. The study complied with the guidelines of Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Checklist.MethodsSeventy‐two healthy volunteer university students received an intramuscular injection of 2 ml sterile saline (%0.9 NaCl) to the ventrogluteal site with and without acupressure on separate days in a random order following a standard procedure by the same investigator. Pain and satisfaction were assessed immediately after the injection with the visual analog scale (VAS) by a researcher blinded to the study.ResultsA total of 134 injections were analysed. The result of the study reveals that acupressure alleviates the severity of pain and increases the patient satisfaction.ConclusionsThe findings of this research support that use of acupressure, which is easy and cost‐effective, could reduce injection pain when performed on a specific point.Relevance to Clinical PracticeSafe and accurate administration of medications is one of the crucial responsibilities of nurses. Acupressure is a nonpharmacologic approach, which can be effective in decreasing the injection pain and increasing patient satisfaction.
Carotid Atherosclerosis is Associated with Middle Cerebral Artery Pulsatility Index
Authors: Vigen Thea , Ihle‐Hansen Håkon , Lyngbakken Magnus N , Berge Trygve , Thommessen Bente , Ihle‐Hansen Hege , Orstad Eivind B , Enger Steve , Røsjø Helge , Tveit Arnljot , Rønning Ole Morten 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPulsatility index (PI) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is considered a measure of peripheral vascular resistance. Several established cardiovascular risk factors are common for both MCA PI and carotid atherosclerosis. Accordingly, in the present study we hypothesized an association between ultrasound‐derived indices of carotid atherosclerosis and MCA PI.METHODSAll residents in Akershus County, born in 1950, were invited to a cardiovascular examination, The Akershus Cardiac Examination (ACE) 1950 Study (2012‐2015). A thorough ultrasound examination was performed to assess indices of atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries, and PI in the MCAs. In all, 3154 (85.1%) had adequate transcranial and carotid data. Associations between indices of carotid atherosclerosis and MCA PI were assessed by regression analyses adjusted for established cardiovascular risk factors.RESULTSMean age was 64 (standard deviation [SD]: .6) years, and 1,357 (43%) were women. Mean MCA PI was .97 (SD: .17). Participants in the upper quartile of MCA PI had higher pulse pressure, more frequently hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and a history of coronary artery disease. Both carotid plaque score (B .007 [95% CI: .003‐.010]) and carotid intimamedia thickness (B .173 [95% CI: .120‐.226]) were significantly associated with MCA PI in adjusted analysis. The model R2 was .055.CONCLUSIONIn a population‐based sample of middle‐aged adults, ultrasound‐derived indices of carotid atherosclerosis were independently associated with MCA PI. However, the overall explained variance of MCA PI was low, suggesting other factors than atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors to play an important role for MCA PI.
Accuracy of the measurements from multiplanar and sagittal reconstructions of CBCT
Authors: Barreto Mônica Sena , da Silva Barbosa Inêssa , Miranda Leite‐Ribeiro Patrícia , de Araújo Telma Martins , Almeida Sarmento Viviane 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of linear measurements performed in multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) and sagittal reconstructions (SR) of the left hemiface obtained from cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) with 3D® Dolphin Imaging software by comparing them with the same measurements made on lateral cephalograms and on dry skulls.Setting and Sample PopulationLateral cephalograms and CBCT (with voxels of 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4 mm) were taken of 10 dry skulls.Materials and MethodsLinear distances were measured using the software's electronic rulers. Measurements performed on dry skulls using a digital caliper were considered the gold standard. The measurements were performed twice by two evaluators.ResultsNo significant difference was found in the measurements performed with the different imaging modalities and on the dry skulls. The highest mean error was observed in the lateral cephalograms, followed by MPR and SR.ConclusionsCephalometric measurements performed on multiplanar and sagittal reconstructions from CBCT, with different spatial resolutions, are accurate when compared with the measurements obtained in lateral cephalograms.
Targeted Sampling from Massive Block Model Graphs with Personalized PageRank
Authors: Chen Fan , Zhang Yini , Rohe Karl 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe paper provides statistical theory and intuition for personalized PageRank (called ‘PPR’): a popular technique that samples a small community from a massive network. We study a setting where the entire network is expensive to obtain thoroughly or to maintain, but we can start from a seed node of interest and ‘crawl’ the network to find other nodes through their connections. By crawling the graph in a designed way, the PPR vector can be approximated without querying the entire massive graph, making it an alternative to snowball sampling. Using the degree-corrected stochastic block model, we study whether the PPR vector can select nodes that belong to the same block as the seed node. We provide a simple and interpretable form for the PPR vector, highlighting its biases towards high degree nodes outside the target block. We examine a simple adjustment based on node degrees and establish consistency results for PPR clustering that allows for directed graphs. These results are enabled by recent technical advances showing the elementwise convergence of eigenvectors. We illustrate the method with the massive Twitter friendship graph, which we crawl by using the Twitter application programming interface. We find that the adjusted and unadjusted PPR techniques are complementary approaches, where the adjustment makes the results particularly localized around the seed node, and that the bias adjustment greatly benefits from degree regularization.
An Equivalent Creep Crack Growth Model for Probabilistic Life Prediction of Plastic Pipe Materials
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Peng Tishun , Lever Ernest , Liu Yongming 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Life prediction in energy infrastructure such as gas pipelines is important to maintain the integrity of such systems. This paper explores a life prediction model for polyethylene materials in natural gas distribution pipelines under creep damage. The model uses a power law equation to describe the crack growth rate and an asymptotic solution for the stress intensity factor (SIF) calculation considering local geometry variations. The SIF solution considers the effect of stress concentration introduced by common damages in pipes such as rock impingement and slit. An effective initial crack size model is proposed for the life prediction of plastic pipes considering the intrinsic initial defect. Large loading-induced plastic deformation is included by a correction factor in the crack growth model. The model is calibrated and validated using experimental data on Aldyl-A pipes with different types of damage. Due to the stochastic nature of the crack growth process, uncertainty quantification is performed, and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is used to estimate the failure probability. The predicted probabilistic life distributions under different loading conditions are compared with the experimental data. Some conclusions and future work are drawn based on the proposed study and experimental validation.
Total Cross Section Phenomenological Formulas for X-Ray and Gamma Radiation Interaction With Matter for Different Energies and Absorber Types
Authors: Fornalski Krzysztof Wojciech 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The in-function log-polynomial regression method for empirical approximations of physical relationships was presented and applied in practice. Thanks to that the single phenomenological equation for the total cross section for X-ray and gamma radiation interaction with matter was presented. The proposed equation depends on the photon energy (from 1 keV to 100 GeV) and absorber type (atomic number from Z = 1 to 100) and takes into considerations all important physical effects of photon interaction, namely, coherent (Rayleigh) and incoherent (Compton) scattering, photo-electric effect and pair/triplet production. Finally, the single formula for the total cross section of photon interaction with matter was presented in the simple form easy to apply in practice, e.g., in radiation protection or in radiation shields designing.
Power Absorbed by the Standing Human Body During Whole-Body Vibration Training
Authors: Nawayseh Naser , Hamdan Sadeque 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Absorbed power (AP) is a biodynamic response that is directly related to the magnitude and duration of vibration. No work has previously investigated the power absorbed by the standing human body during the exposure to vibration training conditions or otherwise. This article reports the power absorbed by the standing human body under whole-body vibration (WBV) training conditions. In this work, the force and acceleration used to calculate the apparent mass by Nawayseh and Hamdan (2019, “Apparent Mass of the Standing Human Body When Using a Whole-Body Vibration Training Machine: Effect of Knee Angle and Input Frequency,” J. Biomech., 82, pp. 291–298) were reanalyzed to obtain the AP. The reported acceleration was integrated to obtain the velocity needed to calculate the AP. The effects of bending the knees (knee angles of 180 deg, 165 deg, 150 deg, and 135 deg) and vibration frequency (17–42 Hz) on the power absorbed by 12 standing subjects were investigated. Due to the different vibration magnitudes at different frequencies, the AP was normalized by dividing it by the power spectral density (PSD) of the input acceleration to obtain the normalized AP (NAP). The results showed a dependency of the data on the input frequency as well as the knee angle. A peak in the data was observed between 20 and 24 Hz. Below and above the peak, the AP and NAP tend to increase with more bending of the knees indicating an increase in the damping of the system. This may indicate the need for an optimal knee angle during WBV training to prevent possible injuries especially with prolonged exposure to vibration at high vibration intensities.
Stress-Swelling Finite Element Modeling of Cervical Response With Homeostatic Collagen Fiber Distributions
Authors: Gou Kun , Topol Heiko , Demirkoparan Hasan , Pence Thomas J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
During pregnancy, the cervix experiences significant mechanical property change due to tissue swelling, and to ongoing changes in the collagen content. In this paper, we model how these two effects contribute to cervical deformation as the pressure load on top of the cervix increases. The cervix and its surrounding supporting ligaments are taken into consideration in the resulting mechanical analysis. The cervix itself is treated as a multilayered tube-like structure, with layer-specific collagen orientation. The cervical tissue in each layer is treated in terms of a collagen constituent that remodels with time within a ground substance matrix that experiences swelling. The load and swelling are taken to change sufficiently slowly so that the collagen properties at any instant can be regarded as being in a state of homeostasis. Among other things, the simulations show how the luminal cross-sectional area varies along its length as a function of pressure and swelling. In general, an increase in pressure causes an overall shortening of the lumen while an increase in swelling has the opposite effect.
Bond Graph Modeling of Mechanical Circulatory Support Device—Cardiovascular System Interactions
Authors: Li Mengtang , Slepian Marvin J. , Barth Eric J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Though mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, such as ventricular assist devices and total artificial hearts (TAH), provide heart failure patients with bridges to heart transplantation or are alternatives to transplantation, device performance, and corresponding control strategies are often difficult to evaluate. Difficulties arise due to the complex interaction of multiple domains—i.e., biological, hydraulic, hemodynamics, electromechanical, system dynamics, and controls. In an attempt to organize, integrate and clarify these interactions, a technique often used in hydraulic pump design and robotics, called “bond graph modeling,” is applied to describe the performance and functionality of MCS devices and the interaction between the cardiovascular (CV) system and the MCS device. This technical brief demonstrates the advantages of this tool in formulating a model for the systemic circulation interacting with the left side of a TAH, adopting the fundamental structure of either a hydraulic mechanism (i.e., AbioCor/Carmat) or a pneumatic mechanism (i.e., SynCardia), combined with a systemic circulation loop. The model captures the dynamics of the membrane, the hydraulic source or pneumatic source, and the systemic circulation. This multidisciplinary cross-pollination of an analytical tool from the field of dynamic systems may provide important insight to further aid and improve the design and control of future MCS systems.
Translation of Cryobiological Techniques to Socially Economically Deprived Populations—Part 2: Cryosurgery
Authors: Lugnani Franco , Zhao John Guojiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCold and cryogenic temperatures are used for treating cancer and other pathological conditions in various fields of medicine. Cryosurgery, which resides at the interface of medicine and engineering, has attracted the interest of engineers, scientists, and medical doctors. Recently, particularly since the end of the 1980s, technological developments in cryotherapy equipment and enormous advances in imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and ultrasonography, have allowed surgeons and interventional radiologists to precisely guide cryogenic probes into tumors while avoiding damage to surrounding tissues. Extensive studies have allowed us to conclude that the use of cryogenics facilitates the successful treatment of solid tumors in various organs such as lung, liver, bones, kidneys, prostate, etc. Its simplicity of use, effectiveness, low cost, and limited demand on hospital infrastructure and personnel have made cryosurgery particularly suitable for the treatment of patients of socio-economically deprived populations.
Immune Function in Healthy Adolescents
Authors: Bartlett Jacqueline A. , Schleifer Steven J. , Demetrikopoulos Melissa K. , Delaney Beverly R. , Shiflett Samuel C. , Keller Steven E. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we examine immunological functioning in normal healthy African-American and Latino/Latina adolescents recruited from an inner-city high school and an inner-city clinic. A battery of tests was performed with enumerative and functional measures which encompassed both innate and adaptive immunity. We found immune differences related to age, gender, and race on both the enumerative and the functional immune measures. This data expands the available body of information concerning normal immunity in healthy adolescents.
Evaluation of a Commercial Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Immunoglobulin M and G Antibodies Produced during Dengue Infection
Authors: Sang Chew Theng , Cuzzubbo Andrea J. , Devine Peter L. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

A commercially available capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies produced during dengue infection (PanBio Dengue Duo) was evaluated with paired serum specimens from 176 patients. Diagnosis was based on a hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, with patients having either primary dengue (
n
= 90), secondary dengue (
n
= 58), or no dengue (
n
= 28) infection. The combined use of IgM and IgG (sensitivity, 99%; specificity, 96%) was superior to the use of IgM alone (sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 96%) or IgG alone (sensitivity, 85%; specificity, 96%). Furthermore, with the first serum sample of the pair of serum samples, the ELISA was able to diagnose significantly more cases of dengue than the HAI assay (55% versus 14%). The results of the IgG capture ELISA gave a significant correlation with those of the HAI assay (
r
= 0.91;
P
< 0.0001), and the IgG capture ELISA could be used to distinguish between primary and secondary infection. The best distinction was observed when an IgG cutoff ratio of 3.0 was used, with 88% of primary infections and 98% of secondary infections being correctly classified. This ELISA should prove to be useful in the clinical diagnosis of dengue infection.
Detection of Antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Oral Fluids: A Large-Scale Evaluation of Immunoassay Performance
Authors: Granade Timothy C. , Phillips Susan K. , Parekh Bharat , Gomez Perry , Kitson-Piggott Wendy , Oleander Herbert , Mahabir Bisram , Charles Waveney , Lee-Thomas Stephanie 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Paired serum and oral-fluid (OF) specimens (
n
= 4,448) were collected from blood donors and patients attending local sexually transmitted disease clinics in Trinidad and Tobago and the Bahamas and were tested for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibodies. Sera were tested by Abbott AB HIV-1/HIV-2 (rDNA) enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and positive specimens were confirmed by Cambridge HIV-1 and HIV-2 Western blotting (WB). OF specimens were collected with the OraSure collection device and were tested by Murex GACELISA and by two EIAs from Organon Teknika (the Oral Fluid Vironostika HIV-1 Microelisa System [OTC-L] and the Vironostika HIV-1 Microelisa System [OTC-M]). EIA-reactive OF specimens were confirmed by miniaturized WB (OFWB). GACELISA detected all 474 HIV-1 seropositive specimens (sensitivity, 100%). OTC-L detected 470 positive specimens (sensitivity, 99.2%), while OTC-M detected 468 positive specimens (sensitivity, 98.8%). Specificities ranged from 99.2 to 100% for the three assays. Concordance of OFWB with serum WB was 99.4%, and banding patterns determined by the two methods were similar. The immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration of OF specimens ranged from 0.21 to 100 μg/ml, with a mean of 17.1 μg/ml. Significant differences in OF IgG concentrations were observed between HIV antibody-positive and HIV antibody-negative persons (31.94 versus 15.28 μg/ml, respectively [
P
< 0.0001]). These data further confirm the suitability of OF specimens for detection of HIV-1 antibodies. Currently available HIV-1 antibody assays provide sensitivities and specificities with OF specimens comparable to those achieved with serum specimens.