bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Externalized Migration Governance and the Limits of Sovereignty: The Case of Partnership Agreements between EU and Libya
Authors: Palm Elin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCan state sovereignty justify privileged receiving countries exercising authority over non‐members in a third country to safeguard their own interests? Under the current migration governance of the EU, state sovereignty is manifested in migrant interdiction, interception and detention policies employed to prevent unauthorized migrants from reaching the EU, and even from attempting to embark on cross‐Mediterranean journeys. While reinforcement of the Schengen region's external borders is a key aim of the EU's internal migration politics, collaboration with third countries regarding migration control has, in the last decade, become a key feature of its external migration policy. In close collaboration with third countries, the EU has managed to curb the outflux of migrants from transit and sending countries. In effect, irregular migrants are prevented from exiting as well as from entering. This article explores the justifiability of such practices, by questioning commonly invoked models of justification such as the sovereignty “model”, with a special focus on partnership agreements regarding migration control between the EU and Libya.
Terapi Pemakanan Menurut Pandangan Sheikh Abbas Kuta Karang: Kajian Awal Terhadap Kitab Al-Rahmah Fi Al-Tib Wa Al-Hikmah (Nutritional Therapy According To Sheikh Abbas Kuta Karang: Early Research Based On Kitab Al-Rahmah Fi Al-Tib Wa Al-Hikmah)
Authors: Hasan Ommu Khanif , P Othman Noraishah , Muhamad Siti Norlina , Abdullah Akmaliza 
Published: February 2020

Nutrition is one of the methods of health care as it gives strength to the physical body. Malay community had a highly concerned about nutriotion as they know the type and nature of the food such as hot and cold to suit their body condition. Their main purpose in nutrition is to maintain health and diseases treatment. Among the most prominent scholars in the debate on healthy nutriotion is Sheikh Abbas Kuta Karang who is known as a scholar of various disciplines. He wrote his views on nutriotion based on the Qur'an and the Hadith and some of the scholars' views. Among the books he wrote was the Book of Al-Rahmah Fi Al-Tib Wa Al Hikmah in 1853 which contained health care guidelines and treatment of diseases. The book of Al-Rahmah Fi Al-Tib Wa Al Hikmah is one of guideline for malay medicine practitionar until this day. Method of data collection that be used from this study are library studies, bibliographic data analysis from this book, previous studies and journals to determine the effectiveness of current practice. Therefore, this study will describe some of his views on nutrition based on the Book of Al-Rahmah Fi Al-Tib Wa Al Hikmah. Although this book does not have detail explaination on healthy nutrition, its foundations can be studied and proven scientifically.
Dasar Kerajaan Negeri Sabah Menangani Perkembangan Ajaran Sesat Dalam Islam (Sabah State Policy in Dealing with the Development of Deviant Teachings in Islam)
Authors: Idris Asmady , Yusof Shahril , Sintang Suraya , Ramli Issraq 
Published: February 2020

The State of Sabah, through the State Religious Council, has legally ratified the fatwa (religious edict) upon 22 religious teachings which being classified as deviant and misrepresentative of Islam. The deviant teachings are considered to be incongruent with the central belief of Ahlus Sunnah wal-Jamaah as the fundamental basis of Islamic faith in Malaysia. Their religious dogmas are not only destabilising the solidarity of Muslim society, but also the security and the political stability of this country. In conjunction with this, the State Religious Fatwa Council, has taken firm action by gazetting the fatwa on all the 22 teaching groups as deviant and contradicting with the true principle of Islam. In order to analyse further the Sabah State policy in dealing with the development of deviant teachings, this study will divide the main focus of discussion into three focal issues. The first issue will discuss the conceptual deviant teachings phenomenon in a religious-faith community. The second issue will examine the scenario and the character of deviant teachings in Malaysia, particularly in Sabah. The third issue is to analyse State government policies based on the State Fatwa Enactment to curb the spread of deviant teachings among local Muslim community in Sabah. This is a qualitative study employs literature reviews and interviews with relevant respondents. The study findings have notified that Sabah has already a solid system which enable it to evaluate and classify one particular religious teaching whether it contradicts or not in accordance with Al-Quran, As-Sunnah and Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah doctrines. In curing and controlling the deviant teachings syndrome, the State Government has used different mechanisms including constant monitoring, conveying da’wah, and also setting up a rehabilitation centre in Sabah. The employment of this thorough approach is vital to ensure the spread of deviant teachings in Sabah is well taken care of.
Mass media campaigns to reduce unnecessary caesarean sections: a systematic review
Authors: Torloni Maria Regina , Brizuela Vanessa , Betran Ana Pilar 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionThe worldwide increase in unnecessary caesarean sections (CSs) is a major global health issue. Mass media campaigns have been used in several countries to reduce this trend. The objectives of this systematic review were to identify, critically appraise and synthesise the findings, including the barriers and enablers, of mass media campaigns directed at lay people to reduce unnecessary CS.MethodsWe included any study design that reported health communication mass media campaigns directed at lay people with the specific objective of reducing unnecessary CS, created by any agent, in any format. We searched seven electronic databases without language restrictions, from inception to February 2019. Experts in the field were contacted.ResultsThe search yielded 14 320 citations; 50 were selected for full-text reading; and one was included. Six other reports were included. The seven campaigns were conducted in 2009–2017, mostly in Latin America. Most campaigns were independent efforts by non-governmental or activist organisations. Only one campaign conducted formative research and pretested the intervention. All campaigns used indirect communication, mostly through internet channels; two campaigns also used direct communication with the public. None assessed their effects on CS rates. Only two campaigns measured their impacts on participants’ knowledge, attitudes and birth preferences but only in the short term. The main barriers were lack of financial and human resources. The main enablers were the enthusiasm of volunteers, the participation of famous persons/celebrities and the involvement of communication professionals.ConclusionsThere are few mass media campaigns directed at lay people to reduce CS. Most campaigns did not use key principles recommended for the creation and implementation of health communication interventions, and none assessed their effects in reducing CS rates. If media campaigns can play a role in modifying population views towards CS, there is a need for more rigorous studies including impact assessment.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019120314.
Concussion and long-term cognitive impairment among professional or elite sport-persons: a systematic review
Authors: Gallo Valentina , Motley Kim , Kemp Simon P T , Mian Saba , Patel Tara , James Laura , Pearce Neil , McElvenny Damien 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionUnderstanding whether concussion in sport is associated with worsening cognitive function in later life will likely have immediate repercussion on sports concussion prevention and management policy and sporting rules and regulations. This systematic review aims to summarise the evidence on the association between concussion sustained by professional/elite athletes and long-term cognitive impairment.MethodsEmbase, PubMed and Web of Science were used to search for eligible studies. Studies including professional/elite athletes from any sport were considered. Three comparison groups were considered: internal comparison (concussed vs non-concussed athletes within the same sample); between-sport comparison (contact sport athletes vs non-contact sports ones); external comparison (athletes vs samples of the general population or population norms).Results14 studies were included (rugby, American football, ice hockey players, boxers and marital art fighters). The general quality of the evidence was poor. The overall evidence, weighted for type of comparison and study quality, points towards an association between sustaining a sport-related concussion and poorer cognitive function later in life in rugby, American football and boxing, although it is unclear to what extent this is clinically relevant. Data on ice hockey and martial arts were too sparse to allow conclusions to be drawn.ConclusionHigh-quality, appropriately designed and powered epidemiological studies are urgently needed to assess the association between sustaining a sport-related concussion and cognitive impairment later in life. Particular emphasis should be put on the clinical translational value of findings.
Firefighter occupation is associated with increased risk for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma among men from the Greater Boston area
Authors: Langevin Scott M , Eliot Melissa , Butler Rondi A , McClean Michael , Kelsey Karl T 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveFirefighters are exposed to a wide variety of carcinogens during the line of duty, including several associated with head and neck cancer. Existing studies assessing head and neck cancer risk with firefighting have predominately included occupational cohorts or registry data, which are limited by inability to adjust for smoking and alcohol consumption—major risk factors for head and neck cancer. Our objective was to assess the risk of head and neck cancer among men with an occupational history as a firefighter.MethodsThis work was conducted using male subjects from a large population-based case–control study of head and neck cancer from the greater Boston area using self-reported occupational history (718 cases and 905 controls).ResultsAn occupational history as a firefighter was reported for 11 cases and 14 controls. Although no significant association was observed overall, we observed substantial increased risk for hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma among professional municipal firefighters who had a light or no smoking history (OR=8.06, 95% CI 1.74 to 37.41), with significantly increasing risk per decade as a firefighter (OR=2.10, 95% CI 1.06 to 4.14).ConclusionProfessional municipal firefighters may be at increased risk for hypopharyngeal and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma due to carcinogenic exposures encountered during the line of duty.
EFT triangles in the same-sign WW scattering process at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC
Authors: Chaudhary Geetanjali , Kalinowski Jan , Kaur Manjit , Kozów Paweł , Sandeep Kaur , Szleper Michał , Tkaczyk Sławomir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigate the Beyond Standard Model discovery potential in the framework of the effective field theory (EFT) for the same-sign WW scattering process in purely leptonic W decay modes at the High-Luminosity and High-Energy phases of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The goal of this paper is to examine the applicability of the EFT approach, with one dimension-8 operator varied at a time, to describe a hypothetical new physics signal in the WWWW quartic coupling. In the considered process there is no experimental handle on the WW invariant mass, and it has previously been shown that the discovery potential at 14 TeV is rather slim. In this paper we report the results calculated for a 27 TeV machine and compare them with the discovery potential obtained at 14 TeV. We find that while the respective discovery regions shift to lower values of the Wilson coefficients, the overall discovery potential of this procedure does not get significantly larger with a higher beam energy.
Forward physics results on jet production and energy flow at the LHC
Authors: Bansal Sunil , Van Haevermaet Hans 
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we present a review of forward physics measurements performed with LHC Runs 1 and 2 data. In particular, measurements based on proton–proton collisions with different center-of-mass energies (0.9–13 TeV) are reviewed. We focus on measurements exploring the forward phase space using the available instrumentation at the different LHC experiments, and report on forward jet and forward energy flow measurements.
In Situ Electrochemical Reactions of Zn4Sb3 Nanowires with Li and Na: Fast Sodiation Rate and Excellent De/Sodiation Cyclablility
Authors: Nie Anmin , Klie Robert F , Vaddiraju Sreeram , Shahbzian-Yassar Reza 
Published: February 2020

Besides its abundance and low cost, Na-ion is also in procession of weak Lewis acidity and large polarizability, which allow fast charge transfer reaction at electrode/electrolyte interface and in bulk diffusion.1,2 These advantages make Na-ion battery an attractive and potential alternative to the well established Li-ion battery. However, the development of Na-ion battery is currently a challenge due to lack of suitable active materials for both cathodes and anodes.
Here, an in-depth comparative study between the electrochemical de/lithiation and de/sodiation of Zn4Sb3 nanowires has been conducted by using in situ transmission electron microscopy. Surprisingly, we found that the sodiation rate of Zn4Sb3 nanowires is almost 10 times higher than their lithiation rate under similar testing conditions. In addition, the cracks were often observed in the first few cycles during de/lithiation of the Zn4Sb3 nanowire. However, there was no crack formed even after 20 cycles during their de/sodiation. Our in situ study indicates that the Zn4Sb3 nanowires exhibit better rate capability and cyclablility in Na-ion battery compared to Li-ion systems. The underlying reason has also been deeply investigated from the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of ions transport in Zn-Sb intermetallics.
1. M. Okoshi, Y. Yamada, A. Yamada, H. Nakai, J. Electrochem. Soc.
160 A2160 (2013)
2. S. P. Ong, V. L. Chevrier, G. Hautier, A. Jain, C. Moore, S. Kim, X. Ma, G. Ceder, Energy Environ. Sci. 4 3680 (2011)
Redox Flow Lithium Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhu Yunguang , Wang Qing 
Published: February 2020

Lithium-oxygen battery, because of its extremely high theoretical specific energy, has been intensively pursued as a potential solution for next generation energy storage. Despite numerous studies to date, it suffers from unbearable overpotential loss and poor cycling stability. To address the issues, research has been focused on the development of new cathode and catalysts, while limited success was made so far. The inevitable surface passivation and pore clogging of the cathode by insoluble Li2O2 precipitation severely aggravate the cell performance especially upon relatively deep discharge. Inspired by the development of redox flow lithium-ion batteries1,2, here we introduce a catalyst-free redox flow lithium-oxygen battery (RFLOB) for large-scale energy storage. The new device enables the formation of Li2O2
via redox targeting reactions3 in a gas diffusion tank (GDT), spatially separated from the electrode. With ethyl viologen and iodide as the redox mediators, an integrated RFLOB was demonstrated which presented excellent performance even in the absence of catalysts on the cathode.
Upon discharging, O2 is reduced by dissolved viologen in the electrolyte, with which Li2O2 is formed in the GDT tank in the presence of Li+. Upon charging, Li2O2 in the GDT tank is oxidized by I3
-, which releases O2. As such, the discharging product Li2O2 could be remotely formed in the GDT tank and reversibly oxidized in the charging process without depositing onto the cathode inside the cell. Such decoupled reactions of Li2O2 provide great flexibility to circumvent the issues confronted by the conventional Li-O2 batteries. The surface passivation and pore clogging of the cathode resulted from Li2O2 precipitations, which is inevitable in conventional cells, are essentially avoided under the new operation mode. In addition, the capacity of the cathode could be expanded by simply enlarging the size of GDT tank, which is however constrained by the pore volume of cathode and catalysts deposited on it in the conventional Li-O2 batteries. Moreover, as the reaction of O2 in GDT is far apart from the electrodes, the tolerance of the cell towards air would be enhanced as well.

References:

Q. Huang, et al., Reversible Chemical Delithiation/ Lithiation of LiFePO4: Towards A Redox Flow Lithium-ion Battery.  Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15 (2013), 1793-1797.

F. Pan, et al., Redox Targeting of Anatase TiO₂ for Redox Flow Lithium-ion Battery, Adv. Energy Mater., 4 (2014), 1400567.

Q. Wang, et al., Redox Targeting of Insulating Electrode Materials: A New Approach to High Energy Density Batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 45 (2006), 8197-8200.

Figure 1
Flexible Lithium Ion Rechargeable Battery with Large Scale Interdigitated Electrodes
Authors: Kim Kee-Bum , Da Costa Avelino Dos Santos , Kang Tae-Hyung , Yu Woong-Ryeol , Kim Nam-In , Oh Kyu Hwan , Choi In-Suk 
Published: February 2020

On the advent of flexible devices, developing thin and flexible lithium-ion batteries (FLB) becomes a requisite for full flexible electronic application. Here, we contrived a co-planar type thin and flexible Lithium ion battery by using the design concept of interdigitated electrodes. Whereas a conventional LIB has its components in layer by layer structures, the co-planar type lithium ion battery has the interdigitated structure of positive and negative electrodes on the same plane without a separator, which possibly leads to a thinner battery thickness and stress relieved electrode structure. Unlike previous co-planar type microbatteries, we fabricated pouch cell type batteries with large scale interdigitated electrode structures (~ mm dimension scale) using conventional electrode materials. Our electrochemical tests showed the energy density per cathode area of ~ 1.4 mAh/cm2 and the specific capacity of cathode of 93.61 mAh/g after the cycle test up to 300, which successfully demonstrated the feasibility of a co-planar design pouch cell LIB with the interdigitated electrodes. Furthermore, our mechanical bending test results showed that the co-planar-type battery is mechanically stable during 4000 bending cycles with a bending radius of 1/8 inch.
Colloidal Synthesis of Alkali Transition Metal Fluorides and Their Applications in Alkali Metal-Ion Batteries
Authors: Plews Michael Rhys , Yi Tanghong , Cabana Jordi 
Published: February 2020

The field of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cathodes is currently being dominated by transition metal oxides and transition metal polyanionics. While these oxides provide some of the highest energy storage capacities to date, they are unable to meet the needs of the increasing reliance on Li-ion technology for electric vehicles and grid storage. Candidates for the replacement of oxides would have to maintain or surpass current specific capacities while delivering higher voltages. One such family of compounds are alkali-transition metal fluorides, some of which have theoretical specific capacities more than double the current standard commercial cathodes.1 The highly ionic nature of fluorides (form Lix
MFy, where M = V-Ni) gives rise to higher voltages while being able to stabilize higher oxidation state metals.
Lithium transition metal fluoride compounds are highly ionic, impeding electronic and ionic conduction throughout the bulk of the material. However, methods previously used for colloidal synthesis of Kx
REFy (RE = rare earth)2 and Nax
MFy
3 have been adapted for the synthesis of A
x
MFy (A = alkali) (Fig. 1). Upon shrinking the size of the crystal to the nanoscale, the crystals provide short diffusion lengths for both electrons and Li-ions. These compounds have been investigated and found to be electrochemically active. With the ability of fluorides to stabilize higher oxidation states, it would be expected that compounds such as Li2
MF4, for example, could deintercalate more than one mole of Li+ per mole of material, vastly increasing the current standard of specific capacity. Further investigation into morphologies is currently underway to fine-tune carrier transport.
This research could open up a new avenue of discovery for anion replacement in cathode materials. Changes in the anion causes changes in bonding and atomic ordering, leading to exciting new properties and cathode materials that currently exceed those considered state of the art.

References:

1. N. Twu, X. Li, C. Moore, and G. Ceder, J. Electrochem. Soc., 160, A1944–A1951 (2013).
2. Y.-P. Du, Y.-W. Zhang, L.-D. Sun, and C.-H. Yan, Dalton Trans., 8574–81 (2009).
3. Y. Yamada, T. Doi, I. Tanaka, S. Okada, and J. Yamaki, J. Power Sources, 196, 4837–4841 (2011).

Figure 1
Understanding How Libob Improves the Thermal Stability of Electrolytes in Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Pena Hueso Adrian , Usrey Monica Lee , Hamers Robert J , West Robert 
Published: February 2020

Lithium bis(oxalate) borate (LiBOB) is a commonly used salt in lithium ion batteries due to its capability to improve the thermal stability and high temperature cycling. In addition, LiBOB is capable of forming a protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on both graphitic anode and cathode surfaces and has been shown to passivate the aluminum current collector. While LiBOB has been pursued as a primary salt for lithium ion battery electrolytes1, it is most commonly utilized in commercial cells on the additive level with LiPF6as the primary salt because of its lower bulk conductivity and disadvantageous interfacial properties (i.e., higher impedance, lower charge transfer).
Despite multiple reports regarding the enhanced thermal stability of electrolytes using LiBOB as an additive, there is not enough understanding of the mechanism by which this improvement is achieved.2 In this work, the reaction between LiBOB and LiPF6 at 100°C in both carbonate and organosilicon-based electrolytes is described. Specifically, the reaction products formed when LiBOB reacts with LiPF6have been identified using nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) and tracked as a function of time.
The thermal stability of LiBOB-containing electrolytes was evaluated at 100°C using a custom analysis method where neat electrolyte samples were sealed in Teflon-lined glass NMR tubes. The LiBOB/LiPF6 reaction was tracked and quantified using 1H, 19F and 31P NMR. This work shows that the initial LiBOB degradation products are tetrafluorooxalatophosphate (TFOP) and difluorooxalato borate (DFOB). Over time, all of the boron from the LiBOB becomes tetrafluoroborate (BF4
-) and the tetrafluorooxalatophosphate (TFOP) becomes difluorophosphate (O2PF2
-). Once the TFOP and DFOB are consumed, the thermal protection of LiBOB disappears and degradation of the solvent with LiPF6begins. Therefore, the TFOP concentration can be used as a benchmark for predicting the onset of thermal decomposition.
This reaction pathway has been analyzed and quantified for several carbonate electrolytes (EC/DEC or EC/EMC, 3/7 by volume).

References:

1. L. Zhang, Z. Zhang, S. Harring, M. Straughan, R. Butorac, Z. Chen, L. Lyons, K. Amine, R. West. J. Mater. Chem., 2008, 18, 3713
2. A. Xiao, L. Yang, B. L. Lucht. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 2007 10, 11, A241

Figure 1