bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photo‐Stimulated Polychromatic Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Carbon Dots
Authors: Jiang Kai , Hu Sizhe , Wang Yuci , Li Zhongjun , Lin Hengwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSingle‐component multicolor luminescence, particularly phosphorescence materials are highly attractive both in numerous applications and in‐depth understanding the light‐emission processes, but formidable challenges still exist for preparing such materials. Herein, a very facile approach is reported to synthesize carbon dots (CDs) (named MP‐CDs) that exhibit multicolor fluorescence (FL), and more remarkably, multicolor long‐lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) under ambient conditions. The FL and RTP colors of the CDs powder are observed to change from blue to green and cyan to yellow, respectively, with the excitation wavelength shifting from 254 to 420 nm. Further studies demonstrate that the multicolor emissions can be attributed to the existence of multiple emitting centers in the CDs and the relatively higher reaction temperature plays a critical role for achieving RTP. Given the unique optical properties, a preliminary application of MP‐CDs in advanced anti‐counterfeiting is presented. This study not only proposes a strategy to prepare photo‐stimulated multicolor RTP materials, but also reveals great potentials of CDs in exploiting novel optical materials with unique properties.
Ethylen‐Tetrafluorethylen‐Folien unter Dauerlast
Authors: Beck Patrick T. J. , Tichelmann Karsten Ulrich 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFolien des Fluorpolymers Ethylen/Tetrafluorethylen, kurz ETFE, weisen ein nichtlinear viskoelastisches Werkstoffverhalten auf. Zur Beschreibung dieses Verhaltens wird im vorliegenden Beitrag ein rheologisches Modell vorgestellt. Das zugrunde gelegte Burgers‐Modell wurde zur Berücksichtigung des Niveaus der Beanspruchung und der Temperatur um neue Modellparameter erweitert. Der Vergleich der experimentell ermittelten und der prognostizierten Dehnungs‐Zeitverläufe zeigt die Qualität des Modells für die Beschreibung von isothermen Dauerlastversuchen auf. Alle Parameter des Modells können aus isothermen Kurzzeit‐ und Dauerlastversuchen direkt an ETFE‐Folien bestimmt werden, wodurch die Anwendbarkeit des Modells in der Praxis gegeben ist. Des Weiteren können durch das vorgestellte Modell unter Anwendung eines modifizierten Superpositionsprinzips auch lang andauernde, nicht konstante Beanspruchungsverläufe unter gleichbleibender Temperatur beschrieben werden. Die Modellierung von in isothermen Lastwiederholungsversuchen gemessenen Dehnungen gelingt sowohl qualitativ als auch für die praktische Anwendung ausreichend quantitativ. Die Fragestellung des Einflusses des anisothermen, natürlichen Klimas auf das zeitabhängige Werkstoffverhalten wurde in mehrjährigen Dauerlastversuchen untersucht. Die aus diesen Versuchen abgeleitete äquivalente Temperatur bietet einen Ansatzpunkt für die in der Bemessungsaufgabe zu berücksichtigenden Bauteiltemperaturen.
Structural member stability verification in the new Part 1‐1 of the second generation of Eurocode 3
Authors: Knobloch Markus , Bureau Alain , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Simões da Silva Luís , Snijder Hubertus. H. , Taras Andreas , Bours Anna‐Lena , Jörg Fabian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis two‐part article gives an overview of the developments of the structural member verification in prEN 1993‐1‐1:2020 ”Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – part 1‐1: General rules and rules for buildings“, one of the second generation of Eurocodes. These developments were undertaken by Working Group 1 (WG1) of Subcommittee CEN/TC250/SC3 and by Project Team 1 (SC3.PT1) responsible for drafting the new version of EN 1993‐1‐1. In the past, WG1 collected many topics needing improvement, and the systematic review conducted every five years also yielded topics needing further development. Based on this, the current version of EN 1993‐1‐1 has been developed into a new draft version prEN 1993‐1‐1:2020 enhancing ”ease of use“. The technical content of this new draft was laid down at the end of 2019. Many improvements to design rules have been established with respect to structural analysis, resistance of cross‐sections and stability of members. This two‐part article focuses on member stability design rules and deals with the basis for the calibration of partial factors, the introduction of more economic design rules for semi‐compact sections, methods for structural analysis in relation to the appropriate member stability design rules, new design rules for lateral torsional buckling plus other developments and innovations. This second part of the article is dedicated to illustrating the most relevant changes to member buckling design rules.
The epitranscriptome landscape of small noncoding RNAs in stem cells
Authors: McElhinney James M.W.R. , Hasan Ayesha , Sajini Abdulrahim A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) are unique cells that have an inherent ability to self-renew or differentiate. Both fate decisions are strongly regulated at the molecular level via intricate signaling pathways. The regulation of signaling networks promoting self-renewal or differentiation was thought to be largely governed by the action of transcription factors. However, small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as vault RNAs, and their post-transcriptional modifications (the epitranscriptome) have emerged as additional regulatory layers with essential roles in SC fate decisions. RNA post-transcriptional modifications often modulate RNA stability, splicing, processing, recognition, and translation. Furthermore, modifications on small ncRNAs allow for dual regulation of RNA activity, at both the level of biogenesis and RNA-mediated actions. RNA post-transcriptional modifications act through structural alterations and specialized RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) called writers, readers, and erasers. It is through SC-context RBPs that the epitranscriptome coordinates specific functional roles. Small ncRNA post-transcriptional modifications are today exploited by different mechanisms to facilitate SC translational studies. One mechanism readily being studied is identifying how SC-specific RBPs of small ncRNAs regulate fate decisions. Another common practice of using the epitranscriptome for regenerative applications is using naturally occurring post-transcriptional modifications on synthetic RNA to generate induced pluripotent SCs. Here, we review exciting insights into how small ncRNA post-transcriptional modifications control SC fate decisions in development and disease. We hope, by illustrating how essential the epitranscriptome and their associated proteome are in SCs, they would be considered as novel tools to propagate SCs for regenerative medicine.
A review of Bayesian group selection approaches for linear regression models
Authors: Lai Wei‐Ting , Chen Ray‐Bing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGrouping selection arises naturally in many statistical modeling problems. Several group selection methods have been proposed in the last two decades. In this paper, we review the Bayesian group selection approaches for linear regression models. We start from the Bayesian indicator approach and then move to the Bayesian group LASSO methods. In addition, we also consider the Bayesian methods for the sparse group selection that can be treated as an extension of the group selection. Finally, we mention some extensions of Bayesian group selection for the generalized linear models and the multiple response models.This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Dimension ReductionStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and TheoryStatistical Models > Model Selection
The Babel of Drugs: On the Consequences of Evidential Pluralism in Pharmaceutical Regulation and Regulatory Data Journeys
Authors: Tempini Niccolò , Teira David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThroughout the last century, pharmaceutical regulators all over the world have used various methods to test medical treatments. From 1962 until 2016, the Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) was the reference test for most regulatory agencies. Today, the standards are about to change, and in this chapter we draw on the idea of the data journey to illuminate the trade-offs involved. The 21st Century Cures Act (21CCA) allows for the use of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) for the assessment of different treatment indications for already approved drugs. This might arguably shorten the testing period, bringing treatments to patients faster. Yet, EHR are not generated for testing purposes and no amount of standardization and curation can fully make up for their potential flaws as evidence of safety and efficacy. The more noise in the data, the more mistakes regulators are likely to make in granting market access to new drugs. In this paper we will discuss the different dimensions of this journey: the different sources and levels of curation involved, the speed at which they can travel, and the level of risk of regulatory error involved as compared with the RCT standard. We are going to defend that what counts as evidence, at the end of the journey, depends on the risk definition and threshold regulators work with.
From Dirty Data to Tidy Facts: Clustering Practices in Plant Phenomics and Business Cycle Analysis
Authors: Boumans Marcel , Leonelli Sabina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter considers and compares the ways in which two types of data, economic observations and phenotypic data in plant science, are prepared for use as evidence for claims about phenomena such as business cycles and gene-environment interactions. We focus on what we call “cleaning by clustering” procedures, and investigate the principles underpinning this kind of cleaning. These cases illustrate the epistemic significance of preparing data for use as evidence in both the social and natural sciences. At the same time, the comparison points to differences and similarities between data cleaning practices, which are grounded in the characteristics of the objects of interests as well as the conceptual commitments, community standards and research tools used by economics and plant science towards producing and validating claims.
Introduction
Authors: Bulaitis Zoe Hope 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis introductory chapter provides an overview of styles of argument concerning the value of the humanities in England. These include critical university studies, the public value of the humanities, and social impact work. This chapter defines the contemporary period discussed in the book (2008–18) as being predominantly economically minded in terms of educational policymaking. This chapter presents the overarching methodology of this book, in drawing out the most relevant correspondences between nineteenth century and the present day thought concerning the value of higher education. This introduces a central argument of this book that understanding the relationship between liberalism and neoliberalism can be understood in terms of inheritances, echoes, and missed opportunities.
Defining a Centiloid scale threshold predicting long-term progression to dementia in patients attending the memory clinic: an [18F] flutemetamol amyloid PET study
Authors: Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Malotaux Vincent , Dricot Laurence , Quenon Lisa , Sznajer Yves , Cerman Jiri , Woodard John L. , Buckley Christopher , Farrar Gill , Ivanoiu Adrian , Lhommel Renaud 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate cerebral amyloid-β(Aβ) pathology in older adults with cognitive complaints, visual assessment of PET images is approved as the routine method for image interpretation. In research studies however, Aβ-PET semi-quantitative measures are associated with greater risk of progression to dementia; but until recently, these measures lacked standardization. Therefore, the Centiloid scale, providing standardized Aβ-PET semi-quantitation, was recently validated. We aimed to determine the predictive values of visual assessments and Centiloids in non-demented patients, using long-term progression to dementia as our standard of truth.

Methods
One hundred sixty non-demented participants (age, 54–86) were enrolled in a monocentric [18F] flutemetamol Aβ-PET study. Flutemetamol images were interpreted visually following the manufacturers recommendations. SUVr values were converted to the Centiloid scale using the GAAIN guidelines. Ninety-eight persons were followed until dementia diagnosis or were clinically stable for a median of 6 years (min = 4.0; max = 8.0). Twenty-five patients with short follow-up (median = 2.0 years; min = 0.8; max = 3.9) and 37 patients with no follow-up were excluded. We computed ROC curves predicting subsequent dementia using baseline PET data and calculated negative (NPV) and positive (PPV) predictive values.

Results
In the 98 participants with long follow-up, Centiloid = 26 provided the highest overall predictive value = 87% (NPV = 85%, PPV = 88%). Visual assessment corresponded to Centiloid = 40, which predicted dementia with an overall predictive value = 86% (NPV = 81%, PPV = 92%). Inclusion of the 25 patients who only had a 2-year follow-up decreased the PPV = 67% (NPV = 88%), reflecting the many positive cases that did not progress to dementia after short follow-ups.

Conclusion
A Centiloid threshold = 26 optimally predicts progression to dementia 6 years after PET. Visual assessment provides similar predictive value, with higher specificity and lower sensitivity.

Trial registration
Eudra-CT number: 2011-001756-12
Role of galectin-glycan circuits in reproduction: from healthy pregnancy to preterm birth (PTB)
Authors: Blois Sandra M. , Verlohren Stefan , Wu Gang , Clark Gary , Dell Anne , Haslam Stuart M. , Barrientos Gabriela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that galectins, an evolutionarily conserved family of glycan-binding proteins, fulfill key roles in pregnancy including blastocyst implantation, maternal-fetal immune tolerance, placental development, and maternal vascular expansion, thereby establishing a healthy environment for the growing fetus. In this review, we comprehensively present the function of galectins in shaping cellular circuits that characterize a healthy pregnancy. We describe the current understanding of galectins in term and preterm labor and discuss how the galectin-glycan circuits contribute to key immunological pathways sustaining maternal tolerance and preventing microbial infections. A deeper understanding of the glycoimmune pathways regulating early events in preterm birth could offer the broader translational potential for the treatment of this devastating syndrome.
Impact of previous transurethral prostate surgery on health-related quality of life after radical prostatectomy: Does the interval between surgeries matter?
Authors: Chaloupka Michael , Figura Franka , Weinhold Philipp , Jokisch Friedrich , Westhofen Thilo , Pfitzinger Paulo , Bischoff Robert , Magistro Giuseppe , Strittmatter Frank , Becker Armin , Ormanns Steffen , Schlenker Boris , Buchner Alexander , Stief Christian G. , Kretschmer Alexander 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the impact of previous transurethral surgery for benign prostate enlargement (BPE) and time interval between procedures on functional outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods
A propensity score-matched patient cohort [n = 685, (513 without previous BPE surgery, 172 with BPE surgery)] was created and HRQOL was pre- and postoperatively assessed using validated questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30). Urinary continence was measured via ICIQ-SF questionnaire and pad usage. Multivariable analysis included binary logistic and Cox regression models (p < 0.05).

Results
Median follow-up was 18 months. There was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival in multivariate analysis (HR 0.66, 95%CI 0.40–1.07, p = 0.093). We observe higher mean ICIQ-SF scores (5.7 vs. 8.2, p < 0.001) and daily pad usage (1.3 vs. 2.5, p < 0.001), and decreased continence recovery (OR 0.46, 95%CI 0.30–0.71, p < 0.001) for patients with BPE surgery. Postoperative general HRQOL scores were significantly lower for patients with previous BPE surgery (70.6 vs. 63.4, p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, continence recovery (OR 5.19, 95%CI 3.10–8.68, p < 0.001) but not previous BPE surgery (0.94, 0.57–1.54, p = 0.806) could be identified as independent predictors of good general HRQOL. There was no significant correlation between time interval between both surgeries and continence (p = 0.408), and HRQOL (p = 0.386) outcomes.

Conclusions
We observe favourable continence outcomes for patients without previous BPE surgery. Our results indicate that RP can be safely performed after transurethral BPE surgery, regardless of the time interval between both interventions.
ETMR: a tumor entity in its infancy
Authors: Lambo Sander , von Hoff Katja , Korshunov Andrey , Pfister Stefan M. , Kool Marcel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmbryonal tumor with Multilayered Rosettes (ETMR) is a relatively rare but typically deadly type of brain tumor that occurs mostly in infants. Since the discovery of the characteristic chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) amplification a decade ago, the methods for diagnosing this entity have improved and many new insights in the molecular landscape of ETMRs have been acquired. All ETMRs, despite their highly heterogeneous histology, are characterized by specific high expression of the RNA-binding protein LIN28A, which is, therefore, often used as a diagnostic marker for these tumors. ETMRs have few recurrent genetic aberrations, mainly affecting the miRNA pathway and including amplification of C19MC (embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, C19MC-altered) and mutually exclusive biallelic DICER1 mutations of which the first hit is typically inherited through the germline (embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, DICER1-altered). Identification of downstream pathways affected by the deregulated miRNA machinery has led to several proposed potential therapeutical vulnerabilities including targeting the WNT, SHH, or mTOR pathways, MYCN or chromosomal instability. However, despite those findings, treatment outcomes have only marginally improved, since the initial description of this tumor entity. Many patients do not survive longer than a year after diagnosis and the 5-year overall survival rate is still lower than 30%. Thus, there is an urgent need to translate the new insights in ETMR biology into more effective treatments. Here, we present an overview of clinical and molecular characteristics of ETMRs and the current progress on potential targeted therapies.
Poroelastic model parameter identification using artificial neural networks: on the effects of heterogeneous porosity and solid matrix Poisson ratio
Authors: Dehghani Hamidreza , Zilian Andreas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPredictive analysis of poroelastic materials typically require expensive and time-consuming multiscale and multiphysics approaches, which demand either several simplifications or costly experimental tests for model parameter identification.This problem motivates us to develop a more efficient approach to address complex problems with an acceptable computational cost. In particular, we employ artificial neural network (ANN) for reliable and fast computation of poroelastic model parameters. Based on the strong-form governing equations for the poroelastic problem derived from asymptotic homogenisation, the weighted residuals formulation of the cell problem is obtained. Approximate solution of the resulting linear variational boundary value problem is achieved by means of the finite element method. The advantages and downsides of macroscale properties identification via asymptotic homogenisation and the application of ANN to overcome parameter characterisation challenges caused by the costly solution of cell problems are presented. Numerical examples, in this study, include spatially dependent porosity and solid matrix Poisson ratio for a generic model problem, application in tumour modelling, and utilisation in soil mechanics context which demonstrate the feasibility of the presented framework.
Early surgery for superficial supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a Finnish Intensive Care Consortium study
Authors: Luostarinen Teemu , Satopää Jarno , Skrifvars Markus B , Reinikainen Matti , Bendel Stepani , Curtze Sami , Sibolt Gerli , Martinez-Majander Nicolas , Raj Rahul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The benefits of early surgery in cases of superficial supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between early ICH surgery and outcome, as well as the cost-effectiveness of early ICH surgery.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, register-based multicenter study that included all patients who had been treated for supratentorial spontaneous ICH in four tertiary intensive care units in Finland between 2003 and 2013. To be included, patients needed to have experienced supratentorial ICHs that were 10–100 cm3 and located within 10 mm of the cortex. We used a multivariable analysis, adjusting for the severity of the illness and the probability of surgical treatment, to assess the independent association between early ICH surgery (≤ 1 day), 12-month mortality rates, and the probability of survival without permanent disability. In addition, we assessed the cost-effectiveness of ICH surgery by examining the effective cost per 1-year survivor (ECPS) and per independent survivor (ECPIS).

Results
Of 254 patients, 27% were in the early surgery group. Overall 12-month mortality was 39%, while 29% survived without a permanent disability. According to our multivariable analysis, early ICH surgery was associated with lower 12-month mortality rates (odds ratio [OR] 0.22, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.10–0.51), but not with a higher probability of survival without permanent disability (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.59–2.56). For the early surgical group, the ECPS and ECPIS were €111,409 and €334,227, respectively. For the non-surgical cohort, the ECPS and ECPIS were €76,074 and €141,471, respectively.

Conclusions
Early surgery for superficial ICH is associated with a lower 12-month mortality risk but not with a higher probability of survival without a permanent disability. Further, costs were higher and cost-effectiveness was, thus, worse for the early surgical cohort.