bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of chronic neuropathic pain: purine receptor modulation
Authors: Jacobson Kenneth A. , Giancotti Luigino Antonio , Lauro Filomena , Mufti Fatma , Salvemini Daniela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExtracellular nucleosides and nucleotides have widespread functions in responding to physiological stress. The “purinome” encompasses 4 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for adenosine, 8 GPCRs activated by nucleotides, 7 adenosine 5′-triphosphate-gated P2X ion channels, as well as the associated enzymes and transporters that regulate native agonist levels. Purinergic signaling modulators, such as receptor agonists and antagonists, have potential for treating chronic pain. Adenosine and its analogues potently suppress nociception in preclinical models by activating A1and/or A3adenosine receptors (ARs), but safely harnessing this pathway to clinically treat pain has not been achieved. Both A2AAR agonists and antagonists are efficacious in pain models. Highly selective A3AR agonists offer a novel approach to treat chronic pain. We have explored the structure activity relationship of nucleoside derivatives at this subtype using a computational structure-based approach. Novel A3AR agonists for pain control containing a bicyclic ring system (bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane) in place of ribose were designed and screened using an in vivo phenotypic model, which reflected both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. High specificity (>10,000-fold selective for A3AR) was achieved with the aid of receptor homology models based on related GPCR structures. These A3AR agonists are well tolerated in vivo and highly efficacious in models of chronic neuropathic pain. Furthermore, signaling molecules acting at P2X3, P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y12Rs play critical roles in maladaptive pain neuroplasticity, and their antagonists reduce chronic or inflammatory pain, and, therefore, purine receptor modulation is a promising approach for future pain therapeutics. Structurally novel antagonists for these nucleotide receptors were discovered recently.
Influence of gut microbiota dysbiosis on brain function: a systematic review
Authors: Almeida Cátia , Oliveira Rita , Soares Raquel , Barata Pedro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
For almost a century it has been recognized that human possess a varied and dens microbial ecosystem called the human microbiota, yet we are still beginning to understand many of the roles that these microorganisms play in human health and development. It is thought that under certain circumstances such as dysbiosis, the microbiota can cause diseases, where the central nervous system (CNS) has an important relevance and where the “gut-brain axis” will play a major role.

Aims:
This review investigated the influence of the gut microbiota on brain function, trying to demonstrate whether dysbiosis influences CNS diseases or whether it is the disease that causes dysbiosis, highlighting the existing literature within this field.

Methods:
We performed a systematic literature search in EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane combining the terms “gut microbiota,” “dysbiosis,” and “CNS diseases” to identify those whom reported some influence or relation between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and CNS diseases. For the present systematic review, we only included systematic reviews or meta-analysis.

Results:
The EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane were systematically searched, considering only systematic reviews or meta-analysis. Nine studies comprising 705 articles were included in this review. Those 9 systematic reviews consist in 2 about autism spectrum disorder, 1 in dementia, 1 in depression, 2 in autoimmune diseases, 1 in schizophrenia, and 2 in some altered brain function. Available data characterizing several neural diseases demonstrate a significant correlation between dysbiosis and CNS diseases, strengthen the evidence that dysbiosis of gut microbiota may correlate with abnormalities in CNS patients.

Conclusions:
Although there is a clear need for more investigations to better understand the role of the gut microbiota in CNS diseases, the modulation of the nervous system by the microbiota is clear, continuing to be the subject of continuous research. We need to fully understand the mechanisms by which the microbiota interacts with the human brain, and therefore what's the connection between dysbiosis and pathologies such depression, dementia, autism, or schizophrenia.
Assessing mental health stigma: Nurse practitioners' attitudes regarding managing patients with mental health disorders
Authors: Young Cara C. , Calloway Susan J. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
A contributing factor in the provision of suboptimal mental health care is the presence of stigmatizing attitudes among health care providers. Although numerous studies have investigated stigmatizing attitudes among physicians, nurses in psychiatric settings, and various populations of students, mental health stigma among nurse practitioners (NPs) has not yet been addressed.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess NPs' attitudes and beliefs regarding working with individuals with a mental health disorder.

Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Nurse practitioners attending a national practice conference completed a survey for demographic and practice information and a standardized measure for assessing stigmatizing attitudes regarding three mental health conditions: (a) anxiety/depression, (b) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and (c) substance use disorders (SUDs).

Results:
A total of 141 NPs participated in this study. The most favorable attitudes were reported for working with individuals with anxiety/depression, and the least favorable attitudes were reported for working with those with an SUD.

Implications for practice:
Stigmatizing attitudes are present among practicing NPs. Effective bias-reducing interventions are indicated to improve the patient-centered care NPs provide to individuals with mental health disorders.
Altered Expression of the Epithelial Mucin MUC1 Accompanies Endoscopic Recurrence of Postoperative Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Hashash Jana G. , Beatty Pamela L. , Critelli Kristen , Hartman Douglas J. , Regueiro Matthew , Tamim Hani , Regueiro Miguel D. , Binion David G. , Finn Olivera J. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
MUC1-glycoprotein is expressed at low levels and in fully glycosylated form on epithelial cells. Inflammation causes MUC1 overexpression and hypoglycosylation. We hypothesized that overexpression of hypoglycosylated MUC1 would be found in postoperative Crohn’s disease (CD) recurrence and could be considered an additional biomarker of recurrence severity.

Methods:
We examined archived neo-terminal ileum biopsies from patients with prior ileocecal resection who had postoperative endoscopic assessment of CD recurrence and given a Rutgeerts ileal recurrence score. Consecutive tissue sections were stained using 2 different anti-MUC1 antibodies, HMPV that recognizes all forms of MUC1 and 4H5 that recognizes only inflammation-associated hypoglycosylated MUC1.

Results:
A total of 71 postoperative CD patients were evaluated. There was significant increase in MUC1 expression of both glycosylated/normal (P<0.0001) and hypoglycosylated/abnormal (P<0.0001) forms in patients with severe endoscopic CD recurrence (i3+i4), ileal score i2, compared with patients in endoscopic remission (i0+i1). Results were similar regardless of anti-TNF-α use. Although MUC1 expression and Rutgeerts scores were in agreement when characterizing the majority of cases, there were a few exceptions where MUC1 expression was characteristic of more severe recurrence than implied by Rutgeerts score.

Conclusions:
MUC1 is overexpressed and hypoglycosylated in neo-terminal ileum tissue of patients with postoperative CD recurrence. Increased levels are associated with more severe endoscopic recurrence scores, and this is not influenced by anti-TNF-α use. Discrepancies found between Rutgeerts scores and MUC1 expression suggest that addition of MUC1 as a biomarker of severity of postoperative CD recurrence may improve categorization of recurrence status and consequently treatment decisions.
Mild to moderate blepharoptosis correction
Authors: Pan Er , Chen Wen-li , Zhang Sheng-chang , Chen Yi , Yu Jian-gang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Conventional levator aponeurosis plication is a widely accepted technique for correction of mild to moderate ptosis. However, this method is associated with a high recurrence rate. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of levator aponeurosis posterior layer plication technique for correction of mild to moderate ptosis.
A convenience sampling approach was used to recruit 450 patients with mild to moderate blepharoptosis at the Guangzhou Eye-Nose-Face Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Hospital between August, 2015 and December, 2017. All participants were treated with levator aponeurosis posterior layer plication technique. The primary outcome was the postoperative change in marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1). The paired t test was used to determine the clinical efficacy. Outcomes were assessed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery.
The mean preoperative MRD1 was 1.7 ± 0.5 mm, and the mean postoperative MRD1 at 6-month follow-up was 3.7 ± 0.4 mm (P < .0001). According to the postoperative survey, 427 (94.9%) patients were satisfied with surgical outcomes.
This modified levator aponeurosis plication technique is a simple and effective procedure for correction of mild to moderate blepharoptosis. It results in good MRD1 and high patient satisfaction.
Fatal pediatric Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Shi Tingting , Chen Huan , Huang Li , Fan Huifeng , Yang Diyuan , Zhang Dongwei , Lu Gen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are extremely rare but potentially life-threatening disorders. We presented 3 fatal pediatric SJS/TEN cases.

Patient concerns:
Our patients had some severe complications such as septic shock, respiratory failure and obliterans bronchiolitis (BO) etc.

Diagnosis:
Three patients diagnosed SJS/TEN with clinical symptoms that were triggered by antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, previous infection, or neoplasms.

Interventions:
All of them accepted mechanical ventilation, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), blood transfusion, glucocorticoid, and multi-anti-infectious therapy.

Outcomes:
They all died because of out-of-control severe infections. In Patient 1, he died 6 days after being admitted to the PICU on the 28th day from onset. In Patient 2, he died on the 211th day from the onset of illness during the third time of PICU admission. In Patient 3, she died 12 days after PICU admission on the 87th day from onset.

Lessons:
We should be aware that mucosal damage occurs on the skin and within the mucosa of visceral organs, leading to the occurrence of bronchiectasia, BO, enterocolitis, acute renal failure, and severe secondary infections. Establish a clinically predictive score that includes severe infection for pediatric patients to evaluate the risk of mortality in children in order to improve poor outcomes.
Pharmacokinetic evaluation of MFF in combinations with tacrolimus and cyclosporine. Findings of C0 and AUC
Authors: Radzevičienė Aurelija , Stankevičius Edgaras , Saint-Marcoux Franck , Marquet Pierre , Maslauskienë Rima , Kaduševičius Edmundas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We hypothesized that area under the concentration time curve (AUC(0-12)) is more accurate pharmacokinetic predictor vs trough level of mycophenolic acid (C0).
Study was performed at the University Hospital of Limoges (France) and included 238 renal recipients aged 22 to 82 years. Risk of nephropathy was evaluated by analyzing data of protocol biopsies according to the Banff 97 classification.
Assessment of immunosuppressants’ exposures was based on the calculation of the mean of AUC(0-12). The AUC(0-12) was estimated using a Bayesian estimator and a 3-point limited sampling strategy. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus analyses were performed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method. The measurement of total mycophenolic acid was performed using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection. IBM SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis.
The most accurate dosing of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was observed in patients receiving MMF with tacrolimus, 70.6% of patients’ AUC(0-12) exposures were within the therapeutic range. The highest rates of low dosing were observed in patients receiving MMF with cyclosporine, 30.9% of patients had AUC(0-12) exposures below the therapeutic range. The assessment of AUC(0-12) revealed 38% of chronic nephropathy cases, while C0 enables to identify only 20% of chronic nephropathy cases.
Probability test results showed that more likely AUC(0-12) and C0 will be maintained within the therapeutic width if patients receive MMF with tacrolimus vs MMF with cyclosporine: 0.6320 vs 0.6410 for AUC(0-12) determination and 0.8415 vs 0.4827 for C0 determination.
Combination of MMF with tacrolimus is dosed more precisely vs dosing of MMF with cyclosporine. 72 (70.6%) patients AUC(0-12) and 79 (77.5%) patients C0 out of 102 patients were within the therapeutic range. The AUC(0-12) monitoring of mycophenolic acid in patients receiving MMF with tacrolimus or in patients receiving MMF with cyclosporine enabled to identify more overdosing and possible risky cases.
Study results show that standard MMF dosing without monitoring and with mycophenolic acid level within the therapeutic width is possible and demonstrates less risky cases in patients receiving MMF with tacrolimus, while patients receiving MMF with cyclosporine should be intensively monitored to achieve the highest safety. However, AUC(0-12) monitoring is advised showing better compliance vs C0 monitoring.
Primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Wang Qi , Zheng Dafang , Chai Damin , Wu Shiwu , Wang Xiaolin , Chen Shaonan , Wu Linhui , Cao Ruoxue , Tao Yisheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare type of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Although data of PTL in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are accumulating, there are still patients respond poorly to prognosis.

Patient concerns:
All patients had disease of the DLBCL subtype and those patients had primary involvement of the testis. In our studies, eleven patients had stage I/II disease, and 3 patients had advanced disease with B symptoms. Four patients exhibited a MYC+, BCL2+, and BCL6- expression pattern, 4 patients had a MYC+, BCL6+, and BCL2- expression pattern, and 3 patients had a MYC+, BCL2+, and BCL6+ expression pattern. Additionally, 43% (7/16) of PT-DLBCL patients had a germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) phenotype, while the others had a non-GCB phonotype.

Diagnoses:
In our case, most patients presented with unilateral painless scrotal swelling and the enlargement of the testicles in the first examination. After hospitalization, all patients underwent preoperative imageological examination of the testis and epididymis and postoperative revealed that all patients were the diffuse infiltration of a large number of anomalous lymphocytes. In addition, no invasion of other sites was observed within 3 months after diagnosis.

Interventions and outcomes:
Underwent orchiectomy on the affected side was performed by urologists after all patients were diagnosed with PTL. Meanwhile, some patients received at least one course of chemotherapy, or received postoperative combined RT and chemotherapy. Because of it particularity, nineteen instances of lymph node region involvement were discovered in 12 patients since the operation.

Lessons:
PT-DLBCL has unique biological characteristics, and its treatment modalities are becoming increasingly standardized. In the future, systematic interventions need to be actively considered in the early stages of PTL.
The association between HHEX single-nucleotide polymorphism rs5015480 and gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Xingjie , Ding Yuanlin , Zhang Xinshan , Rao Jiawei , Yu Haibin , Pan Haiyan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the association between the rs5015480 single-nucleotide polymorphism of hematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) via meta-analysis.

Methods:
A comprehensive electronic search was performed of the PubMed, Springer, Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and VIP databases for studies worldwide on the relationship between HHEX rs5015480 and GDM published up to July 2019. Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed, and the quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, followed by heterogeneity evaluation using the Q test and I
2 statistic and data pooling. A meta-analysis was then performed on the included studies using RevMan 5.3.

Results:
A total of 4 eligible case–control studies were included, involving a total of 1651 patients and 3513 controls. The meta-analysis showed the following odds ratios: C allele vs T allele, 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.38); CC genotype vs TT genotype, 1.65 (95% CI: 1.26–2.17); CC genotype vs CT genotype, 1.22 (95% CI: 1.00–1.50); and CC genotype vs CT + TT genotype, 1.32 (95% CI: 1.09–1.61).

Conclusions:

HHEX rs5015480 represents a risk factor for the development of GDM, and pregnant women carrying the CC genotype have an increased risk of GDM.
Evidence on factors influencing contraceptive use and sexual behavior among women in South Africa
Authors: Hlongwa Mbuzeleni , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani , Makhunga Sizwe , Hlongwana Khumbulani 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Contraceptive use and sexual health behavior remain a prominent public health concern in South Africa (SA). Despite many government interventions, unintended pregnancies and termination of pregnancies remain relatively high. This review aimed to map evidence on factors influencing contraceptive use and sexual behavior in SA.

Methods:
We conducted a scoping review guided by Arksey and O’Malley's framework. We searched for articles from the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, American Doctoral Dissertations via EBSCO host, Union Catalogue of Theses and Dissertations (UCTD) and SA ePublications via SABINET Online and World Cat Dissertations, Theses via OCLC and Google Scholar. Studies published from January 1990 to March 2018 were included. We used the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework and the PRISMA chart to report the screening of results. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 11 and ACCODS tools were used to determine the quality of the included studies.

Results:
A total of 2030 articles were identified by our search criteria for title screening. Only 21 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in quality assessment stage. We found that knowledge of a contraceptive method, length of a relationship, sexual debut, age difference between partners availability of a contraceptive method, long waiting hours, and nurse's attitudes toward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive or younger clients predict whether or not women use a contraceptive method or improve sexual behavior.

Conclusion:
There remains a necessity for improving educational programs aimed at transferring knowledge on contraceptives and sexual behavior to both women and their male counterparts, alongside the public health systems’ improvements.
Comparison of preoxygenation with a high-flow nasal cannula and a simple mask before intubation during induction of general anesthesia in patients undergoing head and neck surgery
Authors: Jo Jun-Young , Kim Wook-Jong , Ku Seungwoo , Choi Seong-Soo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
To assess the arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) at defined time points during preoxygenation and to compare high-flow heated humidified nasal oxygenation with standard preoxygenation using oxygen insufflation via a facemask for at least 5 minutes, before intubation during induction of general anesthesia.

Methods:
This randomized, single-blinded, prospective study will be conducted in patients undergoing head and neck surgery. After standard monitoring, the artery catheter at the radial artery or dorsalis pedis artery will be placed and arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) for baseline values will be performed simultaneously. Each group will be subjected to 1 of 2 preoxygenation methods (high-flow nasal cannula or simple facemask) for 5 minutes, and ABGA will be performed twice. After confirming intubation, we will start mechanical ventilation and check the vital signs and perform the final ABGA.

Discussion:
This trial aims to examine the trajectory of PaO2 levels during the whole preoxygenation procedure and after intubation. We hypothesize that preoxygenation with the high-flow nasal cannula will be superior to that with the face mask.

Study registration:
This trial was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry (NCT03896906; ClinicalTrials.gov).
The roles of first phase, second phase insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and glucose effectiveness of having prediabetes in nonobese old Chinese women
Authors: Lu Chieh-Hua , Teng Sen-Wen , Wu Chung-Ze , Hsieh Chang-Hsun , Chang Jin-Biou , Chen Yen-Lin , Liang Yao-Jen , Hsieh Po-Shiuan , Pei Dee , Lin Jiunn-Diann 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It has been established that prediabetes can causes significant comorbidities, particularly in the elderly. The deterioration of glucose metabolism are generally considered to be results of the impairment of the 4 factors: first, second insulin secretion (FPIS, SPIS, respectively), glucose effectiveness (GE), and insulin resistance. In this study, we enrolled older women to investigate their relationships with prediabetes.
Five thousand four hundred eighty-two nonobese, nondiabetic women were included. They were divided into normal glucose tolerance and prediabetes groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to investigate the effects on whether to have prediabetes for each factors. Two models were built: Model 1: FPIS + SPIS, and Model 2: model 1 + GE. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (aROC) curve was used to determine the predictive power of these models.
The aROC curve of GE was significantly higher than the diagonal line followed by SPIS and FPIS accordingly. The aROC curve of Model 1 (0.611) was not different from GE. However, Model 2 improved significantly up to 0.663. Based on this model, an equation was built (−0.003 × GE − 212.6 × SPIS − 17.9 × insulin resistance + 4.8). If the calculated value is equal or higher than 0 (≥0), then the subject has higher chance to have prediabetes (sensitivity = 0.607, specificity = 0.635).
Among the 4 factors, GE is the most important contributor for prediabetes in older women. By building a model composed of FPIS, SPIS, and GE, the aROC curve increased significantly. The equation built from this model could predict prediabetes precisely.