bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PELANGGARAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA (HAM) TERHADAP PENGANUT KEYAKINAN DAN KEAGAMAAN
Authors: Rismawati Serlitha Desy , Amanah Rizky , Wahyuningsih Yuliana yuli 
Published: December 2024

HAM adalah hak alamiah dimiliki manusia sejak ia dilahirkan wajib dihormati dan dihargai sesama manusia. Hak ini harus dilindungi oleh negara. Dalam hal ini, secara demokratis negara memiliki kewajiban untuk mengeluarkan dan menetapkan segala bentuk peraturan perundang-undangan ataupun aturan hukum lainnya supaya pelaksanaan hak asasi manusia mampu berjalan tegak sesuai norma-norma dan aturan yang berlaku. Namun sejak dulu bahkan sampai saat ini, masih ada bahkan banyak kasus-kasus pelanggaran yang tidak sesuai dengan berjalannya hak tersebut. Fokus penelitian ini adalah mengetahui contoh bentuk kesalahan HAM yang dilakukan dalam melanggar peraturan UU. Data penelitian ini didapat melalui metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data dari studi pustaka yang kemudian di deskripsikan lalu disimpulkan. Sehingga peneliti dan pembaca mengetahui apa penyebab masalah tersebut. Dari penelitian ini, peneliti menemukan fakta bahwa terdapat beberapa peraturan yang justru malah menyebabkan masalah daripada mengatasi masalah. Kata kunci : Hak Asasi Manusia, Keyakinan dan keagamaan, Pelanggaran HAM
PENEGAKAN HUKUMAN MATI TERHADAP PELAKU PEMBUNUHAN BERENCANA DENGAN MUTILASI DALAM PERSFEKTIF HAM
Authors: WIdhy Andrian Pratama  , Nevi Yuliani Adis , . Murdiono 
Published: December 2024

penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara singkat dan sederhana mengenai penegakan hukuman mati terhadap pelaku pembunuhan dengan mutilasi. Penelitian yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: penelitian hukum normatif. Yang pada hakikatnya dapat diartikan bahwa telah terjadinya kesenjangan antara das sollen dan das sein pada tataran norma atau kaidah hukum yang berlaku di masyarakat. Sehingga hukum yang kita cita-citakan tidak dapat fungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Dari penelitian ini dapat kita simpulkan bahwa Penegakan hukuman mati wajib dan harus diberlakukan serta diberikan kepada Pelaku Pembunhan dengan Mutilasi dikarenakan perbuatan yang dilakukannya dengan sengaja membunuh dan melakukan mutilasi, memotong-motong bagian demi bagian dari tubuh korbannya
Potensi Inovasi Indonesia di Tengah Bonus Demografi: Menjawab Tantangan Global
Authors: NIAM SYAKIRUL , Betty Silfia Ayu Utami  
Published: December 2024

Bonus demografi Indonesia yang ditandai dengan jumlah penduduk usia produktif yang besar, menawarkan potensi besar untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan inovasi. Namun, meskipun Indonesia memiliki keunggulan demografi, tantangan utama yang dihadapi adalah rendahnya kualitas tenaga kerja, investasi dalam penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D), serta infrastruktur teknologi. Berdasarkan Indeks Inovasi Global 2023, Indonesia tertinggal dalam hal inovasi, menempati peringkat ke-62 dari 132 negara. Rendahnya proporsi pekerja terampil dan minimalnya perusahaan yang menawarkan pelatihan formal memperparah kesenjangan inovasi. Untuk memaksimalkan potensi demografi, Indonesia perlu melakukan reformasi kebijakan di bidang pendidikan dan penelitian dan pengembangan, meningkatkan investasi modal manusia, serta memperkuat infrastruktur teknologi. Tanpa peningkatan tersebut, bonus demografi dapat berubah menjadi beban jangka panjang yang kemudian menjadi katalis bagi inovasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi.
Kata kunci: Demografi, Produktifitas, Inovasi
To Assess Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Pain Management Among Nursing Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Nazim Shahzad  , Ashfaq Ur Rahman  , Barkat Ali  , Naila Zeb  , Wase Ullah  , Tufail Ahmad  , Maryam  , Sufyan Khan  
Published: December 2024

Background: Pain management is highly essential since the unmanaged pain has severe side effects on patients such as hopelessness, impeding their response to treatment, and reducing their quality of life. Among the major barriers reported towards implementing effective pain management for nursing students was the knowledge and attitude toward pain management. Objective: This study aims to assess knowledge and attitude of nursing student regarding pain management. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study design was utilized at a private nursing institute from July to November 2024 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Simple random sampling technique was utilized to recruit 44 nursing students. Result: Knowledge and attitude regarding pain management of (n=44) participants was assessed, where 93.1% (n=41) was male and 6.9% (n=3) was female students. Most of the students 56.8% (n=25) show good knowledge, 36.3% (n=16) show fair knowledge and 6.8% (n=3) show poor level of knowledge. Approximately, 63.6% (n=28) students show good attitude toward pain management, some students 27.2% (n=12) had fair attitude toward pain management and only 9.09% (n=4) students had poor attitude regarding pain management. Conclusion: Most nursing students have good knowledge and a positive attitude towards pain management. While 56.8% of participants demonstrated good knowledge, 63.6% showed a positive attitude. A smaller portion of students had only fair or poor levels in both knowledge and attitude, which presents areas for improvement.
A Single‐Step Dual Stabilization of Smart Window by the Formation of Liquid Crystal Physical Gels and the Construction of Liquid Crystal Chambers
Authors: Yoon Won‐Jin , Choi Yu‐Jin , Lim Seok‐In , Koo Jahyeon , Yang Seungchul , Jung Dayoung , Kang Shin‐Woong , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSmart windows are very attractive because they not only provide comfortable indoor conditions for cars and buildings, but also protect privacy. However, current smart windows have problems such as high energy consumption, slow response time, and poor stability. To solve these problems, a single‐step dual stabilization (SSDS) is newly proposed for the fabrication of robust liquid crystal (LC) smart windows switching fast at low voltage. Upon irradiating ultraviolet light on the selected area of the nematic (N) LC optical cell with photoisomerizable macrogelators (B3AZ) and photopolymerizable monomers, NLC physical gels (LCPGs) and partition walls are simultaneously constructed. LCPGs play a role of light shutter under a low electric field (9.6 Vpp) which is ten times lower than that of the conventional polymer‐stabilized LC‐based smart windows. Partition walls constructed by the selected area photopolymerization significantly enhance the mechanical stabilities. Based on the experimental results, it is realized that the NLC layer generated near the partition walls makes the LCPGs respond to a low voltage. Robust SSDS smart windows could open new doors for the development of high‐performance smart windows.
Nature‐Inspired Nacre‐Like Composites Combining Human Tooth‐Matching Elasticity and Hardness with Exceptional Damage Tolerance
Authors: Tan Guoqi , Zhang Jian , Zheng Long , Jiao Da , Liu Zengqian , Zhang Zhefeng , Ritchie Robert O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMaking replacements for the human body similar to natural tissue offers significant advantages but remains a key challenge. This is pertinent for synthetic dental materials, which rarely reproduce the actual properties of human teeth and generally demonstrate relatively poor damage tolerance. Here new bioinspired ceramic–polymer composites with nacre‐mimetic lamellar and brick‐and‐mortar architectures are reported, which resemble, respectively, human dentin and enamel in hardness, stiffness, and strength and exhibit exceptional fracture toughness. These composites are additionally distinguished by outstanding machinability, energy‐dissipating capability under cyclic loading, and diminished abrasion to antagonist teeth. The underlying design principles and toughening mechanisms of these materials are elucidated in terms of their distinct architectures. It is demonstrated that these composites are promising candidates for dental applications, such as new‐generation tooth replacements. Finally, it is believed that this notion of bioinspired design of new materials with unprecedented biologically comparable properties can be extended to a wide range of material systems for improved mechanical performance.
A High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Organic Photodetector for Near‐Infrared Sensing
Authors: Huang Jianfei , Lee Jaewon , Vollbrecht Joachim , Brus Viktor V. , Dixon Alana L. , Cao David Xi , Zhu Ziyue , Du Zhifang , Wang Hengbin , Cho Kilwon , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSensitive detection of near‐infrared (NIR) light enables many important applications in both research and industry. Current organic photodetectors suffer from low NIR sensitivity typically due to early absorption cutoff, low responsivity, and/or large dark/noise current under bias. Herein, organic photodetectors based on a novel ultranarrow‐bandgap nonfullerene acceptor, CO1‐4Cl, are presented, showcasing a remarkable responsivity over 0.5 A W−1 in the NIR spectral region (920–960 nm), which is the highest among organic photodiodes. By effectively delaying the onset of the space charge limited current and suppressing the shunt leakage current, the optimized devices show a large specific detectivity around 1012 Jones for NIR spectral region up to 1010 nm, close to that of a commercial Si photodiode. The presented photodetectors can also be integrated in photoplethysmography for real‐time heart‐rate monitoring, suggesting its potential for practical applications.
Base‐Promoted Michael Addition/Smiles Rearrangement/ N‐Arylation Cascade: One‐Step Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Trisubstituted 4‐Quinolones from Ynones and Sulfonamides
Authors: Liu Jing , Ba Dan , Lv Weiwei , Chen Yanhui , Zhao Zemin , Cheng Guolin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA general, practical, and environmentally friendly protocol to synthesize 1,2,3‐trisubstituted 4‐quinolones from readily available ynones and sulfonamides was developed. The construction of one C−C bond and two C−N bonds via cleavage of one N−S, one C−S, and one C−X (X=F, Cl, Br, O) bond is achieved under transition‐metal‐free conditions in one step. This transformation generates 1 equiv. of sulfur dioxide and 1 equiv. of hydrogen halide as the byproducts. The broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance are demonstrated by 52 examples of 1,2,3‐trisubstituted 4‐quinolones. A preliminary mechanistic study supports a sequential Michael addition/Smiles rearrangement/N‐arylation reaction pathway.magnified image
Trimethoxyphenyl (TMP) as a Useful Auxiliary for in situ Formation and Reaction of Aryl(TMP)iodonium Salts: Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers
Authors: Gallagher Rory T. , Basu Souradeep , Stuart David R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerein, we describe a synthetic approach for arylation that exploits the in situ formation and reaction of an unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salt. In this way, aryl iodides are used as reagents in a metal‐free reaction with phenols, and a trimethoxyphenyl (TMP) group is used as a “dummy” group to facilitate transfer of a wide range of aryl moieties. The scope of aryl electrophiles and phenol nucleophiles is broad (>30 examples) and the yields are high (52–95%, 80% avg.). One‐pot coupling reactions avoid the synthesis of diaryliodonium salts and provide opportunities for sequential reactions and novel chemoselectivity.magnified image
Directed Self‐Assembly of MOF‐Derived Nanoparticles toward Hierarchical Structures for Enhanced Catalytic Activity in CO Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Suoying , Li Hang , Liu Pengfei , Ma Lu , Li Licheng , Zhang Weina , Meng Fanchen , Li Long , Yang Zhuhong , Wu Tianpin , Huo Fengwei , Lu Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe controllable self‐assembly of nanomaterials remains a great challenge in nanotechnological applications, especially for the hierarchical structure with high complexity. Herein, by taking the advantage of highly dispersed metal nodes and mild thermal stability of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), the self‐assembly of nanoparticles is directed from MOFs to construct CuO hierarchical structures, which have an inherited octahedral framework consisting of the microspheres, nanowires, and polyhedrons, respectively. Unlike the conventional self‐assembly in a solution media (such as solvent and molten solid), the assembly in this work is the first demonstration through a solution‐free approach. Moreover, compared to the general MOF‐derived CuO octahedron, the assembled hierarchical CuO structure exhibits much enhanced catalytic activity in CO oxidation thanks to the exposure of more active sites during the assembly.
Null variants and deletions in BRWD3 cause an X‐linked syndrome of mild–moderate intellectual disability, macrocephaly, and obesity: A series of 17 patients
Authors: Ostrowski Philip J. , Zachariou Anna , Loveday Chey , Baralle Diana , Blair Edward , Douzgou Sofia , Field Michael , Foster Alison , Kyle Claire , Lachlan Katherine , Mansour Sahar , Naik Swati , Rea Gillian , Smithson Sarah , Sznajer Yves , Thompson Elizabeth , Cole Trevor , Tatton‐Brown Katrina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBRWD3 has been described as a cause of X‐linked intellectual disability, but relatively little is known about the specific phenotype. We report the largest BRWD3 patient series to date, comprising 17 males with 12 distinct null variants and 2 partial gene deletions. All patients presented with intellectual disability, which was classified as moderate (65%) or mild (35%). Behavioral issues were present in 75% of patients, including aggressive behavior, attention deficit/hyperactivity and/or autistic spectrum disorders. Mean head circumference was +2.8 SD (2.8 standard deviations above the mean), and mean BMI was +2.0 SD (in the context of a mean height of +1.3 SD), indicating a predominant macrocephaly/obesity phenotype. Shared facial features included a tall chin, prognathism, broad forehead, and prominent supraorbital ridge. Additional features, reported in a minority (<30%) of patients included cryptorchidism, neonatal hypotonia, and small joint hypermobility. This study delineates the clinical features associated with BRWD3 null variants and partial gene deletions, and suggests that BRWD3 should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with an overgrowth‐intellectual disability (OGID) phenotype, particularly in male patients with a mild or moderate intellectual disability associated with macrocephaly and/or obesity.
Structural manipulation of PES constituents to prepare advanced alternative polymer for ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Rezania Hamidreza , Vatanpour Vahid , Arabpour Atefeh , Shockravi Abbas , Ehsani Morteza 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTPolyethersulfone (PES) is the most well‐known polymer for the preparation of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, but its membrane suffers from fouling. In this study, two engineered polymers were synthesized to provide optimal antifouling properties for UF membranes that simultaneously benefit from good properties of polyamide and PES. The choice of polyamide is due to its prominent characteristics and the convenience of its synthesis with various functional groups in a cost‐effective way. Two hydroxyl containing polyamide bearing sulfone groups (PAS) and ether group (PAE) were synthesized by polycondensation method. The UF membranes were fabricated using the phase inversion method via immersion precipitation of PAS, PAE, and PES in dimethylacetamide, as a solvent and water, as a nonsolvent. The obtained membranes were compared and characterized by means of atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode. The performance of membranes illustrated that the PAS and PAE membranes in comparison with the PES membrane had better porosity, water permeability, lesser protein fouling, more vertically finger‐like pores, and more hydrophilic surface. The water permeability of PES, PAE, and PAS was 7.3, 64.0, and 78.0 L m−2 h−1 while their flux recovery ratio was 59.4, 83.3, and 86.7%, respectively. The promising permeability and antifouling properties of the PAS are potentially applicable in the efficient industrial separation and wastewater treatment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48690.
2D Materials as Ionic Sieves for Inhibiting the Shuttle Effect in Batteries
Authors: Jiang Cheng , Wang Chengliang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlternatives of commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have drawn huge attention due to the large demand of energy storage systems and the lack of resources for traditional LIBs. Promising candidates include but are not limited to Li‐S batteries, organic batteries and flow batteries. However, the dissolution of active materials and the consequent shuttle effect, as one of the main challenges in these candidates, always leads to significant capacity loss and poor cycling life. The rising two‐dimensional (2D) materials, with well‐defined structures and attractive physical and chemical properties, provide a new vision to solve these problems via suppressing the shuttle of the dissolved active materials. Herein, we present a minireview on the advances and perspectives of 2D materials as ionic sieves for inhibiting the shuttle effect in batteries.
Enzyme‐triggered fluorescence turn‐off/turn‐on of carbon dots for monitoring β‐glucosidase and its inhibitor in living cells
Authors: Kong Bo , Yang Tong , Hou Peng , Li Chun Hong , Zou Hong Yan , Huang Cheng Zhi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEnergy transfer engineering based on fluorescent probes for directly sensing enzyme activities are in great demand as enzyme‐mediated transformations, which are central to all biological processes. Here, a fluorescence carbon dot (CD)‐based assay exhibiting selective responses to the quantitation of β‐glucosidase and the effect of its inhibitor was developed. The most common substrate, para‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (pNPG) was hydrolyzed by β‐glucosidase to release p‐nitrophenol (pNP), which can efficiently quench fluorescence of CDs via an inner filter effect and electron transfer. However, in the presence of inhibitors of β‐glucosidase, the fluorescence intensity gradually recovered as the concentration of inhibitors increased. Therefore, the enzyme‐triggered fluorescence turn‐off/turn‐on of specific CDs successfully achieved sensitive detection of β‐glucosidase and monitored the effect of its inhibitors. This new strategy was applied to detect β‐glucosidase and monitor β‐glucosidase inhibitor in hepatoma cells using cell imaging. All results suggest that the new method is sensitive and promising for use in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Role of anti‐inflammatory interventions in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Ghazala Rasha Abdelmawla , El Medney Azza , Meleis Anisa , Mohie El dien Passant , Samir Hend 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLipotoxicity is defined as deposition of excess fat associated with an inflammatory response. Metabolomic analysis of fatty acids (FAs) can be a marker of silent inflammation. ω3‐Enriched diet, celecoxib, and safranal may have a protective anti‐inflammatory role. In this work, total FAs extracted from red blood cells and arachidonic acid‐to‐eicosapentaenoic acid (AA‐to‐EPA) ratios were assessed using GC–MS assay in single‐ion monitoring mode. The study was conducted on 64 male rats divided into eight groups: I, controls; II, rats received high‐fat diet (HFD), III, rats received ω‐6‐enriched HFD; IV, rats received ω‐3‐enriched HFD; V, rats received celecoxib with HFD; VI, rats received safranal with HFD; VII and VIII, rats received celecoxib and safranal with ω‐3 HFD, respectively. GC–MS Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry was performed for analysis of fatty acid methyl ester. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to analyze serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) concentrations. A statistically significant decrease of AA‐to‐EPA ratio was observed in group VII when compared with the groups receiving HFDs. This group also showed the lowest serum IL‐6 level and highest TGF‐β1 level. In conclusion, ω3‐enriched diet along with drugs (e.g. celecoxib) and herbal medications (e.g. safranal) may have an anti‐inflammatory effect in lipotoxicity. GC–MS with single‐ion monitoring is valid for the analysis of FAs.
Cancer burden attributable to human papillomavirus infection by sex, cancer site, age, and geographical area in China
Authors: Duan Rufei , Qiao Youlin , Clifford Gary , Zhao Fanghui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) attributable cancer burden is currently unknown in China, which is essential to evaluate the potential benefit of existing HPV vaccines and to inform cancer control policy.MethodsWe extracted data of cancer incidence and mortality in 2014 from Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report, and data of national population from National Bureau of Statistics. HPV‐attributable cancer burden was estimated by incorporating cancer rates and population forecasts by sex, cancer site, age and geographical area, and then combined to corresponding population attributable fractions.ResultsWe estimated that there were 110 894 HPV‐attributable new cancer cases in China in 2014, including 99 253 cervical cancers, 4449 noncervical cancers in females and 7192 cancers in males. The age‐standardized incidence of HPV‐attributable cancers in China was 5.69 per 100 000 persons, being slightly higher in rural than urban areas. Specifically, 51.1% of HPV‐attributable cervical cancers were diagnosed in women aged 40‐54 years, while 75.8% of noncervical cancers were diagnosed at 45‐79 years of age. Among males, 53.4% of cancers were diagnosed at 55‐74 years of age. Thirty five thousand six hundred and eighty three HPV‐attributable cancer deaths were estimated, including 29 683 due to cervical cancer, and 2307 and 3693 due to noncervical cancer in females and males, respectively.ConclusionsThe cancer burden attributable to HPV in China is substantial. HPV vaccination and cervical screening should be prioritized.
Outcome of patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting and severe calcific aortic stenosis receiving transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Höllriegel Robert , Spindler Aileen , Kiefer Philipp , Woitek Felix J. , Leontyev Sergey , Haussig Stephan , Crusius Lisa , Stachel Georg , Schlotter Florian , Hommel Jennifer , Borger Michael A. , Thiele Holger , Holzhey David , Linke Axel , Mangner Norman 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on early safety at 30 days and 1‐year mortality in patients receiving transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundThe use of TAVR in patients with previous CABG suffering from severe aortic stenosis has increased in the last years.MethodsConsecutive TAVR patients were stratified according to previous CABG versus no previous cardiac surgery (control). All‐cause 1‐year mortality and early safety at 30 days were evaluated.ResultsIn the unmatched cohort and compared to control (n = 2,364), CABG (n = 260) were younger, more often male and suffered more often from comorbidities leading to an increased STS‐score (p < .001). The rate of early safety events at 30 days was comparable between CABG and control (21.2% vs. 24.6%, p = .22) with a higher mortality in CABG (9.6% vs. 5.3%, p = .005). All‐cause 1‐year mortality was higher in CABG compared to controls (HR 1.51 [95%‐CI 1.15–1.97], p = .003). Applying Cox regression analysis, both 30‐day (HR 1.57 [95%‐CI 0.97–2.53], p = .067) and all‐cause 1‐year mortality (HR 1.24 [95%‐CI 0.91–1.70], p = .174) were not significantly different between groups.After propensity‐score matching, the rate of early safety events at 30 days was lower in CABG compared to controls (21.6% vs. 31.7%, p = .02). Thirty‐day (9.1% vs. 7.7%, p = .596) and all‐cause 1‐year mortality (24.0% vs. 23.1%, p = .520, HR 1.14 [95%‐CI 0.77–1.69], p = .520) were not different between groups.ConclusionIn patients receiving TAVR, previous CABG was not associated with an increase in periprocedural complications and all‐cause 1‐year mortality when adjusted for other comorbidities.