bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating portfolio risk for tail risk protection strategies
Authors: Happersberger David , Lohre Harald , Nolte Ingmar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe forecast portfolio risk for managing dynamic tail risk protection strategies, based on extreme value theory, expectile regression, copula‐GARCH and dynamic generalized autoregressive score models. Utilizing a loss function that overcomes the lack of elicitability for expected shortfall, we propose a novel expected shortfall (and value‐at‐risk) forecast combination approach, which dominates simple and sophisticated standalone models as well as a simple average combination approach in modeling the tail of the portfolio return distribution. While the associated dynamic risk targeting or portfolio insurance strategies provide effective downside protection, the latter strategies suffer less from inferior risk forecasts, given the defensive portfolio insurance mechanics.
Cervical articular process joint osteochondrosis in Warmblood foals
Authors: Bergmann Wilhelmina , de Mik‐van Mourik Marjolijn , Veraa Stefanie , van den Broek Jan , Wijnberg Inge D. , Back Willem , Gröne Andrea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Warmblood horses, degenerative joint disease is involved in cervical malformation and malarticulation (CVM). The degree of contribution of articular process joint (APJ) osteochondrosis (OC) is not clear.Objectives(a) To explore the presence of predilection sites for APJ OC in cervical and cranial thoracic vertebral columns of Warmblood foals and (b) to examine the correlation of such a site with the predilection site of CVM.Study designCase series.MethodsSeven hundred APJ facets of C2 to T2 of 29 foals (11 months gestation to 12 months [median age 7 days; range 365 days; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2‐47 days]) were examined for OC and prevalence between joints, and the predilection site for CVM and the cranial cervical vertebral column were evaluated.ResultsAbout 20.6% of facets revealed OC. There was no predilection site. Prevalence decreased with age up to 1 year (odds ratio [OR] 0.997; (95% CI 0.975‐0.998)) but not up to 5 months. Severity increased with age in all age ranges (up to 1 year OR 1.023; 95% CI 1.005‐1.049; >1‐5 months, OR 1.203; 95% CI 1.014e+00‐1.921; up to 1 month, OR 1.114; 95% CI 1.041‐1.228). Highest prevalence was in cranial facets of the cervical and cervical‐thoracic joints and in caudal facets of the thoracic joint up to 1 year and up to 1 month (OR 0.364; 95% CI 0.170‐0.745, OR 0.434; 95% CI: 0.235‐0.782, OR 7.665; 95% CI: 1.615‐66.553 and OR 0.400; 95% CI 0.170‐0.880, OR 0.351; 95% CI 0.172‐0.700, OR 5.317; 95% CI 1.098‐44.344 respectively).Main limitationsTwo‐thirds of the foals were less than 1 month of age.ConclusionsArticular process joint OC in Warmblood foals is common and is not more prevalent at CVM predilection sites, suggesting that abnormalities of enchondral ossification may not be major contributors to CVM.
Elucidation of the effect of plumbagin on the metastatic potential of B16F10 murine melanoma cells via MAPK signalling pathway
Authors: Alem Fatima‐Zahra , Bejaoui Meriem , Villareal Myra O. , Rhourri‐Frih Boutayna , Isoda Hiroko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMelanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer with a very poor prognosis. Melanoma develops when unrepaired DNA damage causes to skin cells to multiply and form malignant tumors. The current therapy is limited by the highly ability of this disease to metastasize rapidly. Plumbagin is a naphthoquinone (5‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1, 4‐naphthoquinone), isolated from the roots of medicinal plant Plumbago zeylanica, and it is widely present in Lawsonia inermis L. It has been shown that plumbagin has an anti‐proliferative and anti‐invasive activities in various cancer cell lines; however, the anti‐cancer and anti‐metastatic effects of plumbagin are largely unknown against melanoma cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of plumbagin on B16F10 murine melanoma cells . Plumbagin decreased B16F10 cell viability as well as the cell migration, adhesion, and invasion. The molecular mechanism was studied, and plumbagin downregulated genes relevant in MAPK pathway, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP's), and cell adhesion. Furthermore, plumbagin elevated the expression of apoptosis and tumors suppressor genes, and genes significant in reactive oxygen species (ROS) response. Taken together, our findings suggest that plumbagin has an anti‐invasion and anti‐metastasis effect on melanoma cancer cells by acting on MAPK pathway and its related genes.
Heterogeneity of correlation between the locational condition and industrial transformation of regenerative resource‐based cities in China
Authors: Zheng Ziyan , Qiu Fangdao , Zhang Xinlin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBased on the measurement of the locational condition from a spatiotemporal perspective, the entropy weight TOPSIS, a grey relational analysis model, and other methods are adopted to analyze the correlative heterogeneity characteristics of industrial restructuring, path locking, and path innovation of regenerative resource‐based cities in China from 2005 to 2016. In this paper, we conclude that locational conditions were closely related to industrial transformation. And specifically, the locational condition of study cities was the most closely related to path innovation, followed by the advanced index of industrial structuring, and the weakest correlation with the speed of industrial restructuring. For non‐remote cities, due to the proximity of provincial capitals and regional central cities, the path innovation was the fastest, and the correlation with the advanced index was the closest. For remote cities, the advanced index showed a downward trend. However, the correlation between the locational condition and the advanced index or path innovation were both high. For extremely remote cities, the speed and advanced index of industrial restructuring were most disadvantaged. Furthermore, the path locking was the strongest, and the path innovation was the weakest. It had the strongest correlation with path innovation. Overall, the heterogeneity of the correlation between geographic location and industrial transformation is significant.
Potential of bagasse obtained using hydrothermal liquefaction pre‐treatment as a natural emulsifier
Authors: Vodo Sekove , Taarji Noamane , Bouhoute Meryem , Felipe Lorena de Oliveira , Neves Marcos A. , Kobayashi Isao , Uemura Kunihiko , Nakajima Mitsutoshi 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBagasse, a by‐product from raw sugar factories, is conventionally burned for energy production. In this study, bagasse extracts from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) treatment (160 °C, 1 MPa and 30 min) with a carbohydrate content of 510.3 mg g−1 and 0.5 mg g−1 of total phenols were applied as emulsifiers in oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions. Bagasse extracts from HTL (0.5–4 wt%) lowered the interfacial tension between oil–water interphase from 19.8 to 14.0 mN m−1, owing possibly to the surface‐active hydrophilic carbohydrate‐hydrophobic lignin complexes in the extracts (lignin content: 7.1% w/w). Emulsions stabilised by bagasse extracts from HTL with average droplet size, dav of 0.79 μm were comparable with gum arabic (GA), dav of 2.24 μm after 11 days at 25 °C. Bagasse extracts containing biopolymers have the potential for industrial applications involving emulsion systems; therefore, HTL treatment of bagasse without any solvents can be regarded as an effective tool for producing natural emulsifiers.
Influences of different carbohydrates as wall material on powder characteristics, encapsulation efficiency, stability and degradation kinetics of microencapsulated lutein by spray drying
Authors: Ding Zhuang , Tao Tao , Wang Xiao , Prakash Sangeeta , Zhao Yanna , Han Jun , Wang Zhengping 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn the present study, seven carbohydrates were selected as encapsulant for preparing lutein microencapsulated powders (LMPs). The surface morphology, physical properties, encapsulation efficiency, and thermo‐ and storage stability of LMPs were studied to determine the protective effects of different carbohydrates on microencapsulated lutein during spray drying and storage. Results on powder characteristics indicated that the crystal inhibition of wall material in spray drying was necessary for decent encapsulation efficiency, and higher glass transition temperature of wall material could cause high product yield. In stability assessment, degradation kinetics of different LMPs at two different temperature conditions were analysed, revealing that inulin could provide more effective protection compared with the other carbohydrate. Our results suggested that the different carbohydrates had great influence on the quality of LMPs, and inulin could be considered as an alternative for the generation of LMPs to enhance storage stability and extend shelf life of this bioactive product.
Impact of moisture and grinding on yield, physical, chemical and thermal properties of wholegrain flour obtained from hydrothermally treated sorghum grains
Authors: Acquisgrana María del Rosario , Gomez Pamies Laura Cecilia , Martinez Amezaga Nancy María Jimena , Quiroga Fernanda Micaela , Ribotta Pablo Daniel , Benítez Elisa Inés 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe present work evaluates the potential of sorghum with high content of tannins for wholegrain flour production. Two types of mills were used: a roller mill (RM) and a blade (BM) mill. The impact of moisture and grinding on yield, physical, chemical and thermal properties were evaluated. Maximum yield was obtained using a BM with 25% moisture in the grain, resulting in 60.9% versus 28% (g flour g−1 of wholegrain sorghum) for the RM. Grain moisture and milling type affected flour colour and ashes. For both mills, the pasting and thermal properties of flour with grain moisture variation were significantly different from the untreated control sample. By studying the procedures for flour production and quality characteristics, it is possible to produce flour with good physical attributes, which can contribute to the development of gluten‐free foods based on sorghum for the coeliac population.
The remarkable (Disappearing Act of the) mental health nurse psychotherapist
Authors: Hurley John , Lakeman Richard , Cashin Andrew , Ryan Tom 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this Australian based qualitative study was to better understand key drivers for mental health nurses to undertake training in psychotherapy, and how these capabilities are integrated into their clinical practice. Open ended reposes from a national survey of 153 mental health nurses were supplemented with data from 12 semi‐structured interviews of nurses with rich experience of integrating psychotherapy and mental health nursing capabilities. Key findings emerging from the thematic analysis were that mental health nurses are providing uniquely holistic psychotherapeutic services to consumers with often complex conditions, despite overtly hostile clinical and policy contexts. These often very well qualified mental health nurse psychotherapists are different to the traditional identity of either a nurse or psychotherapist. Recommendations from the findings of this study are that where appropriately qualified, mental health nurses be granted eligible provider status for existing Medicare funding items. Finally, training and building foundational capabilities in psychotherapy is highly recommended for all mental health nurses.
Reduced bacterial adhesion with parylene coating: Potential implications for Micra transcatheter pacemakers
Authors: El‐Chami Mikhael F. , Mayotte Jane , Bonner Matt , Holbrook Reece , Stromberg Kurt , Sohail Muhammad Rizwan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionInfections of cardiac implantable electronic devices remain a prevalent health concern necessitating the advent of novel preventative strategies. Based on the observation that bacterial infections of the Micra transcatheter pacemaker device are extremely rare, we examine the effect of parylene coating on bacterial adhesion and growth.MethodsBacterial growth was compared on polyurethane coated, bare, or parylene coated titanium surfaces. Eight test samples per bacterial species and material combination were incubated with Staphylococcus Aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa for 24 hours and then assayed for bacterial growth. The surface contact angle was also characterized by measuring the angle between the tangent to the surface of a liquid droplet made with the surface of the solid sample.ResultsThe mean bacterial colony counts were significantly reduced for both parylene coated titanium versus bare samples (3.69 ± 0.27 and 4.80 ± 0.48 log[CFU/mL] respectively for S. aureus [P < .001] and 5.51 ± 0.27 and 6.08 ± 0.11 log[CFU/mL] respectively for P. aeruginosa [P < .001]), and for parylene coated titanium versus polyurethane samples (4.27 ± 0.42 and 5.40 ± 0.49 log[CFU/mL] respectively for S. aureus [P < .001] and 4.23 ± 0.42 and 4.84 ± 0.32 log[CFU/mL] respectively for P. aeruginosa [P = .006]).Parylene coated titanium samples had a higher contact angle compared with bare titanium, but lower compared with polyurethane (mean contact angle 87.5 ± 3.1 degrees parylene, 73.3 ± 3.7 degrees titanium [P < .001 vs parylene], and 94.8 ± 3.7 degrees polyurethane [P = .002 vs parylene]).ConclusionsParylene coating significantly reduced the ability of bacteria to grow in colony count assays suggesting that this could contribute to the reduction of bacterial infections of Micra transcatheter pacemakers.
Evaluation of zirconia and zirconia‐reinforced glass ceramic systems fabricated for minimal invasive preparations using a novel standardization method
Authors: Kasem Ammar T. , Sakrana Amal A. , Ellayeh Mohamed , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveCurrently, minimal invasive approaches combining less invasive finish line preparations and reduced ceramic thickness are required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of two ceramic systems fabricated with two preparation designs using CAD/CAM standardization technology.Materials and methodsForty intact human maxillary premolars were divided into two main groups according to the preparation technique. Group H (Horizontal): teeth with shoulder finish line and group V (Vertical): teeth with feather edge. Each main group was subdivided randomly into two subgroups according to the material used. Group CD (Celtra Duo) zirconia‐reinforced glass ceramics and group K (KATANA) monolithic zirconia. CAD/CAM was used for standardization of natural teeth preparation. After cementation using self‐adhesive resin cement, all specimens were subjected to 5000 thermal cycles and then were loaded until fracture. Failure types were evaluated using Stereomicroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).ResultsNonsignificant; the higher mean value was recorded with VCD group (482.5 ± 103.8 N) and VK group (1347.6 ± 177.4 N) vs HCD group (471 ± 107.6 N) and HK group (1255.6 ± 121.3 N). SEM findings showed that fractures occurred mainly at the occlusal side of the crowns.ConclusionsVertical preparation showed a promising alternative to horizontal preparation. Moreover, both Celtra Duo and KATANA crowns can be used in premolar area with 0.5 mm margin thickness.Clinical SignificanceZirconia‐reinforced glass ceramic and monolithic zirconia crowns may not necessitate the preparation of invasive finish lines as the type of finish line did not impair the strength after aging conditions.
Family history of colorectal cancer and survival: a Swedish population‐based study
Authors: Pesola F. , Eloranta S. , Martling A. , Saraste D. , Smedby K. E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesA family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) is an established risk factor for developing CRC, whilst the impact of family history on prognosis is unclear. The present study assessed the association between family history and prognosis and, based on current evidence, explored whether this association was modified by age at diagnosis.MethodsUsing data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry (SCRCR) linked with the Multigeneration Register and the National Cancer Register, we identified 31 801 patients with a CRC diagnosed between 2007 and 2016. The SCRCR is a clinically rich database which includes information on the cancer stage, grade, location, treatment, complications and postoperative follow‐up.ResultsWe estimated excess mortality rate ratios (EMRR) for relative survival and hazard ratios (HR) for disease‐free survival with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using flexible parametric models. We found no association between family history and relative survival (EMRR = 0.96, 95% CIs: 0.89–1.03, P = 0.21) or disease‐free survival (HR = 0.98, 95% CIs: 0.91–1.06, P = 0.64). However, age was found to modify the impact of family history on prognosis. Young patients (<50 at diagnosis) with a positive family history had less advanced (i.e. stages I and II) cancers than those with no family history (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56–0.89, P = 0.004) and lower excess mortality even after adjusting for cancer stage (EMMR = 0.63, 95% CIs: 0.47–0.84, P = 0.002).ConclusionsOur results suggest that young individuals with a family history of CRC may have greater health awareness, attend opportunistic screening and adopt lifestyle changes, leading to earlier diagnosis and better prognosis.
Current trends in pharmacological approaches for treatment and management of acute pancreatitis – a review
Authors: Sundar Vaishnavi , Senthil Kumar Keerthic Aswin , Manickam Venkatraman , Ramasamy Tamizhselvi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inimical disorder associated with overall mortality rates between 10-15%. It is a disorder of the exocrine pancreas which is characterized by local and systemic inflammatory responses primarily driven by oxidative stress and death of pancreatic acinar cells. The severity of AP ranges from mild pancreatic edema with complete recuperative possibilities to serious systemic inflammatory response resulting in peripancreatic/pancreatic necrosis, multiple organ failure, and death.

Key findings
We have retrieved the potential alternative approaches that are developed lately for efficacious treatment of AP from the currently available literature and recently reported experimental studies. This review summarizes the need for alternative approaches and combinatorial treatment strategies to deal with AP based on literature search using specific key words in PubMed and ScienceDirect databases.

Summary
Since AP results from perturbations of multiple signaling pathways, the so called “monotargeted smart drugs” of the past decade is highly unlikely to be effective. Also, the conventional treatment approaches were mainly involved in providing palliative care instead of curing the disease. Hence, many researchers are beginning to focus on developing alternate therapies to treat AP effectively. This review also summarizes the recent trends in the combinatorial approaches available for AP treatment.
Resting Stages of Skeletonema marinoi Assimilate Nitrogen From the Ambient Environment Under Dark, Anoxic Conditions
Authors: Stenow Rickard , Olofsson Malin , Robertson Elizabeth K. , Kourtchenko Olga , Whitehouse Martin J. , Ploug Helle , Godhe Anna 
Published: February 2020

The planktonic marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi forms resting stages, which can survive for decades buried in aphotic, anoxic sediments and resume growth when re‐exposed to light, oxygen, and nutrients. The mechanisms by which they maintain cell viability during dormancy are poorly known. Here, we investigated cell‐specific nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) assimilation and survival rate in resting stages of three S. marinoi strains. Resting stages were incubated with stable isotopes of dissolved inorganic N (DIN), in the form of 15N‐ammonium (NH4+) or ‐nitrate (NO3−) and dissolved inorganic C (DIC) as 13C‐bicarbonate (HCO3−) under dark and anoxic conditions for 2 months. Particulate C and N concentration remained close to the Redfield ratio (6.6) during the experiment, indicating viable diatoms. However, survival varied between <0.1% and 47.6% among the three different S. marinoi strains, and overall survival was higher when NO3− was available. One strain did not survive in the NH4+ treatment. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), we quantified assimilation of labeled DIC and DIN from the ambient environment within the resting stages. Dark fixation of DIC was insignificant across all strains. Significant assimilation of 15N‐NO3− and 15N‐NH4+ occurred in all S. marinoi strains at rates that would double the nitrogenous biomass over 77–380 years depending on strain and treatment. Hence, resting stages of S. marinoi assimilate N from the ambient environment at slow rates during darkness and anoxia. This activity may explain their well‐documented long survival and swift resumption of vegetative growth after dormancy in dark and anoxic sediments.
Contribution of neural crest and GLAST+ Wnt1+ bone marrow pericytes with liver fibrogenesis and/or regeneration
Authors: Sierra Romina , Gómez Bustillo Sofía , Kameneva Polina , Fiore Esteban J. , Mazzone Graciela L. , Borda Maximiliano , Blanco María V. , Usuardi Chiara , Furlan Alessandro , Ernfors Patrik , Alaniz Laura , Montaner Alejandro D. , Adameyko Igor , Aquino Jorge B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsLiver fibrosis results from cycles of liver damage and scar formation. We herein aimed at analysing neural crest cells and/or bone marrow stromal cells contribution to the liver.MethodsTwo liver fibrosis and one hepatectomy model were applied on double‐transgenic loxP‐Cre mouse lines.ResultsIncreased numbers of glia with more complex processes were found in fibrotic livers. During embryonic development, only few cells were traced in the liver and bone marrow, in a minor fraction of mice of different neural crest reporter strains analysed: therefore, a neural crest origin of such cells is doubtful. In the fibrotic liver, a significantly higher incidence of endothelial cells and hepatocyte‐like cells expressing the reporter gene Tomato were found in Wnt1‐Cre‐Tom and GLAST‐CreERT2‐Tom mice. Consistently, during early fibrogenesis stromal Wnt1‐traced cells, with progenitor (CFU‐F) properties, get likely mobilized to peripheral blood. Circulating adult Wnt1‐traced cells are stromal cells and lack from the expression of other bone marrow and endothelial progenitor cells markers. Furthermore, in a 70% hepatectomy model GLAST+ Wnt1‐traced pericytes were found to be mobilized from the bone marrow and the incidence of GLAST‐traced hepatocyte‐like cells was increased. Finally, GLAST‐traced hepatocyte like‐cells were found to maintain the expression of stromal markers.ConclusionsOur data suggest a gliosis process during liver fibrogenesis. While neural crest cells probably do not contribute with other liver cell types than glia, GLAST+ Wnt1‐traced bone marrow pericytes are likely a source of endothelial and hepatocyte‐like cells after liver injury and do not contribute to scarring.