bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of cannabis oil extract on immune response gene expression in human small airway epithelial cells (HSAEpC): implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Mamber Stephen W. , Gurel Volkan , Lins Jeremy , Ferri Fred , Beseme Sarah , McMichael John 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly associated with both a pro-inflammatory and a T-helper 1 (Th1) immune response. It was hypothesized that cannabis oil extract can alleviate COPD symptoms by eliciting an anti-inflammatory Th2 immune response. Accordingly, the effects of cannabis oil extract on the expression of 84 Th2 and related immune response genes in human small airways epithelial cells (HSAEpC) were investigated.

Methods
HSAEpC from a single donor were treated with three dilutions of a standardized cannabis oil extract (1:400, 1:800 and 1:1600) along with a solvent control (0.25% [2.5 ul/ml] ethanol) for 24 h. There were four replicates per treatment dilution, and six for the control. RNA isolated from cells were employed in pathway-focused quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) microarray assays.

Results
The extract induced significant (P < 0.05) changes in expression of 37 tested genes. Six genes (CSF2, IL1RL1, IL4, IL13RA2, IL17A and PPARG) were up-regulated at all three dilutions. Another two (CCL22 and TSLP) were up-regulated while six (CLCA1, CMA1, EPX, LTB4R, MAF and PMCH) were down-regulated at the 1:400 and 1:800 dilutions. The relationship of differentially-expressed genes of interest to biologic pathways was explored using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID).

Conclusions
This exploratory investigation indicates that cannabis oil extract may affect expression of specific airway epithelial cell genes that could modulate pro-inflammatory or Th1 processes in COPD. These results provide a basis for further investigations and have prompted in vivo studies of the effects of cannabis oil extract on pulmonary function.

Trial registration
NONE (all in vitro experiments).
The influence of repeated prescribed fire on decomposition and nutrient release in uneven-aged loblolly–shortleaf pine stands
Authors: Liechty Hal O. , Reinke Michele 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRepeated use of prescribed fire in Southern US pine stands has the potential to alter litter quality as well as forest floor mineralization, which may reduce nutrient availability. There are few studies that have investigated the effects of prescribed fire on litter decomposition in stands with frequent, partial harvests. To better understand the effects of the long-term use of prescribed fire coupled with periodic harvesting, we monitored foliar litter mass loss and nutrient dynamics in three loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.)–shortleaf pine (Pinus echinataMill.) stands located in southeastern Arkansas, USA. A reciprocal transplant method and the litterbag technique were used to determine the effects of litter source (litter quality) and litter location (environmental conditions) on decomposition.ResultsLong-term use of prescribed fire in periodically harvested stands had minimal influence on mass loss and nutrient dynamics. The proportion of foliar litter remaining after approximately 16 months did not significantly differ by litter source or location. Decay constants associated with litter incubated during the first 30 days of the study differed significantly by litter source, but thereafter were similar. Initial concentrations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were 13 to 22% greater for litter originating from the burn than for litter originating from the control treatment, but differences in nutrient concentrations were not found to alter decomposition or nutrient dynamics. Thirteen percent more K was lost from litter originating from the burn compared to litter originating from the control treatment, but losses of other nutrients did not differ between litter sources. Soil and forest floor environmental conditions did not differ between treatment locations, which likely contributed to the similar decomposition rates in the two treatment locations. The rapid growth of understory and the maintenance of similar canopy conditions as a result of harvesting were likely responsible for the similarity in environmental conditions.ConclusionsRepeated dormant season prescribed fire in these loblolly–shortleaf pine stands did not appear to have a substantial influence on mass loss or nutrient release from litter. Land managers who utilize prescribed fire with periodic harvesting in relatively mesic upper Gulf Coastal Plain pine forests likely will not alter litter decomposition or nutrient dynamics.
Current status of solid-state single crystal growth
Authors: Milisavljevic Iva , Wu Yiquan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFabrication of single crystals has long been limited to melt- and solution-growth techniques. However, in recent years solid-state single crystal growth (SSCG) has appeared as a promising alternative to the conventional techniques due to its cost-effectiveness and simplicity in terms of processing. Moreover, the SSCG technique has enabled the fabrication of single crystals with complex chemical compositions and even incongruent melting behavior. A recently proposed mechanism of grain boundary migration known as the “mixed control mechanism” and the associated principles of microstructural evolution represent the basis of the SSCG technique. The mixed control mechanism has been successfully used to control the key aspects of the SSCG technique, which are the grain growth and the development of the microstructure during the conversion process of the single crystal from the polycrystalline matrix. This paper explains in brief basis of the mixed control mechanism and the underlying principles of microstructural evolution in polycrystalline materials and provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent research on single crystal materials fabricated via the solid-state single crystal growth technique and their properties.
Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ips subelongatus, including eight new species from northeastern China
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Ya , Wang Huimin , Meng Xianjing , Liu Xuewei , Decock Cony , Zhang Xingyao , Lu Quan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIps subelongatus is a major pest that infects larch plantations over large areas of northern and northeastern China. Ips species are closely associated with ophiostomatoid fungi that are morphologically well-adapted for dispersal by beetles. These associations result in important threat for coniferous forests worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize the ophiostomatoid communities associated with I. subelongatus infesting Larix species and sympatric Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in northeastern China forests. Morphological and multilocus phylogenetic approaches (based on six markers: ITS, LSU, 60S, β-tubulin, EF-1α, and CAL gene regions) allowed identifying 14 species of four genera (Ceratocystiopsis, Endoconidiophora, Leptographium and Ophiostoma). Eight species are showed to be new to science. Most strains resided in two Ophiostoma species complexes, viz. the O. clavatum and the O. ips complexes, all together accounting for 76.8% of all isolates. Ophiostoma hongxingense sp. nov., O. peniculi sp. nov., and O. subelongati sp. nov. (O. clavatum complex) and O. pseudobicolor sp. nov. (O. ips complex) were the four dominant species. The ophiostomatoid communities associated with larch bark beetles, I. cembrae and I. subelongatus, in Europe and Asia, China and Japan, also were compared. These comparisons showed distinct, specific assemblage patterns.
Influence of Ethnicity on Outcomes of Diabetes Inpatient Hypoglycemia: an Australian Perspective
Authors: Malabu Usman H , Adegboye Oyelola , Hayes Oliver G , Ryan Alexandra , Vangaveti Venkat N , Jhamb Shaurya , Robertson Kelvin , Sangla Kunwarjit S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate outcomes of diabetic inpatient hypoglycemia among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) compared with Australian Caucasian patients.

Methods
A retrospective audit of diabetic patients aged &gt; 18 years admitted at a regional hospital general ward between April 1, 2015, and March 31, 2016, was analyzed. The database contains clinical information at the time of admission and initial discharge and readmission within 4 weeks thereafter.

Results
A total of 1618 (of 6027) patients were admitted with diabetes representing 23.7% of the total ward admissions, of which 484 (29.9%) had inpatient hypoglycemia. Of the 91 patients with available data analyzed, ATSI origin with inpatient hypoglycemia was associated with longer length of stay (LOS) (hazard ratio [HR], 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-3.5), whereas severe hypoglycemia (≤ 2.2 mmol/L) in both ATSI and non-ATSI was significantly associated with longer LOS (HR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.2). No significant differences in LOS were found for gender, age, and Carlson comorbidity index (CCI). The adjusted model for likelihood of readmission, gender, indigenous status, and CCI were not significant risk factors for readmission to the hospital. Readmitted patients were older (50-59 years vs &lt; 50 years, P = 0.001; 60-69 years vs &lt; 50 years, P = 0.032; 70+ years vs &lt; 50 years, P = 0.031).

Conclusion
We reported high rate of inpatient hypoglycemia in our study population. Indigenous Australian diabetic patients with inpatient hypoglycemia had significantly longer LOS compared with non-Indigenous Caucasian counterparts. Further prospective studies on a larger population are needed to confirm our findings.
Adsorption Study of Malachite Green Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Cu/M3+ (M3+=Al, Cr) Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Palapa Neza Rahayu , Mohadi Risfidian , Rachmat Addy , Lesbani Aldes 
Published: January 2020

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) Cu/Al and Cu/Cr had been used as adsorbent of malachite green (MG) in aqueous solution. The properties of Cu/Al and Cu/Cr LDHs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, surface area analysis (BET) and FTIR spectroscopy. Adsorption study of MG was achieved at pH 9. Adsorption of MG follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Langmuir isotherm was suitable for adsorption of MG on both LDH with a maximum adsorption capacity of 59.52 mg/g. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption process is physisorption, spontaneous, and endothermic process. Adsorption of MG onto LDHs involve the acid-base interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate.
Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Anacyclus pyrethrum essential oil from the Bensliman area against Culex pipiens
Authors: El Mokhtari Kawtar , EL Kouali M'hammed , Talbi Mohammed , Hajji Latifa , El Brouzi Abdelhak 
Published: January 2020

Anacyclus pyrethrum is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The focus of the present study is to extract the essential oil from this plant, to determine its chemical composition and to evaluate its insecticidal activity against the larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens. The essential oil from A. pyrethrum collected from the region of Bensliman in Morocco was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were studied. Essential oil yield obtained by hydrodistillation was 0.09%. The major aroma constituents were Spathulenol (20.47%), Germacrene D (16.48%), Caryophyllene oxide (13.20%), 4(14)-Salviale-1-one (8.27%) and Caryophyllene 4(14),8(15)-dien-5α-ol (7.30%). The larvicidal test carried out according to a methodology based on the standard protocol of the World Health Organization was studied on 4th instar larvae of C. pipiens and showed that A. pyrethrum essential oil possesses remarkable insecticidal properties. After 24 hours of exposition, larvicidal assays revealed a 100% mortality of C. pipiens larvae. The dose of 40 μL/mL was toxic enough to cause 100% larval mortality of C. pipiens. The lethal concentrations LC50 and LC90 calculated for the essential oil studied were of the order of 14.79 μL/mL and 19.95 μL/mL, respectively. To control mosquitoes, this essential oil extracted from A. pyrethrum might be used as a natural insecticide and therefore could be an alternative to synthetic insecticides already present on the market.
Ultra-high-sensitivity refractive index sensor based on dual-microfiber coupler structure with the Vernier effect
Authors: Jiang Yuxuan , Yi Yating , Brambilla Gilberto , Wang Pengfei 
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, refractive index (RI) sensor based on the Vernier effect in dual-microfiber coupler (MFC) structures. The sensor sensitivity was studied both theoretically and experimentally. The numerical results show that by tracing the wavelength shifts of the envelope formed by the Vernier effect, the sensitivity can be improved by several times compared to that obtained for normal coupler-based sensors. In this Letter, two MFCs with a width and free spectral range (FSR) of

∼

3.5

µ
m

and 6 nm, respectively, were fabricated. Based on the sensitivity of 5820 nm/RIU for a single coupler, we experimentally achieved an ultra-high sensitivity of 126,540 nm/RIU using dual MFCs by the Vernier effect in the RI range of 1.3350 to 1.3455, which shows good agreement with numerical simulations. The proposed all-fiber RI sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity and low cost and can find applications in chemical and biological detection as well as electronic/magnetic field measurement.
Tangibly understanding intangible complexities: Designing for distributed autonomous organizations
Authors: Nissen Bettina , Tallyn Ella , Symons Kate 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
New digital technologies such as Blockchain and smart contracting are rapidly changing the face of value exchange, and present new opportunities and challenges for designers. Designers and data specialists are at the forefront of exploring new ways of exchanging value, using Blockchain, cryptocurrencies, smart contracting and the direct exchanges between things made possible by the Internet of Things (Tallyn et al. 2018; Pschetz et al. 2019). For researchers and designers in areas of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and Interaction Design to better understand and explore the implications of these emerging and future technologies as Distributed Autonomous Organisations (DAOs) we delivered a workshop at the ACM conference Designing Interactive Systems (DIS) in Edinburgh in 2017 (Nissen et al. 2017). The workshop aimed to use the lens of DAOs to introduce the principle that products and services may soon be owned and managed collectively and not by one person or authority, thus challenging traditional concepts of ownership and power. This workshop builds on established HCI research exploring the role of technology in financial interactions and designing for the rapidly changing world of technology and value exchange (Kaye et al. 2014; Malmborg et al. 2015; Millen et al. 2015; Vines et al. 2014). Beyond this, the HCI community has started to explore these technologies beyond issues of finance, money and collaborative practice, focusing on the implications of these emerging but rapidly ascending distributed systems in more applied contexts (Elsden et al. 2018a). By bringing together designers and researchers with different experiences and knowledge of distributed systems, the aim of this workshop was two-fold. First, to further understand, develop and critique these new forms of distributed power and ownership and second, to practically explore how to design interactive products and services that enable, challenge or disrupt existing and emerging models.
Assessing the quality of root canal filling and instrumentation time using kedo-s files, reciprocating files and k-files
Authors: Lakshmanan Lakshimi , Mani Geo , Jeevanandan Ganesh , Ravindran Vignesh , Erulappan Muthu Ganapathi Subramanian 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Pulpectomy is the conservative treatment approach that retains and preserves the primary tooth in the dental arch in its normal function and non-pathologic state until its exfoliation. Over the years, pulpectomy has been performed using various instrumentation techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of root filing and instrumentation time using Kedo-S files, Reciprocating files and K-files in primary teeth. Material And Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed on 45 primary molars equally distributed for instrumentation with Kedo-S files, reciprocating files and K-Files. Immediate post-operative digital radiographs were taken to evaluate the quality of root filing and root canal instrumentation time was also recorded. Results: Mean instrumentation time with Kedo-S was 75.6 seconds, reciprocating file was 190.6 seconds and K-file was 95.4 seconds. Highest optimal fill was obtained with Kedo-S file group, highest overfill was obtained with Kedo-S group and highest under fill was obtained with reciprocating file group. Conclusion: Kedo-S rotary system provides better quality of root canal filling in minimum instrumentation time.KEYWORDS Pulpectomy; Primary teeth; Root canal filling; Rotary files.
Transmissividade e coeficiente de armazenamento obtidos a partir da difusividade em aquíferos confinados não drenantes
Authors: Feitosa Edilton Carneiro 
Published: January 2020

Um conjunto de 18.000 valores teóricos de Difusividade (D) variando entre 0,012 m2/s e 8.914 m2/s, em aquífero confinado, foi gerado aleatoriamente por um programa de computador, desenvolvido no âmbito do estudo, que utiliza um código para a solução da equação de Theis. Esse mesmo programa calculou 200 tempos de reação t0 de poços de observação posicionados a 15 distâncias diferentes do poço produtor, para 6 vazões diferentes, o que resultou na obtenção de 18.000 pares (t0, D) obtidos aleatoriamente. A partir desses pares e de seus desdobramentos, e utilizando ajustes de leis potenciais e ajustes de leis logarítmicas, foi possível chegar à expressão analítica que fornece D em função da distância r do poço produtor a um poço de observação (m), e do tempo de reação t0 (min) observado neste último. Uma vez obtida a difusividade D, são apresentadas fórmulas que permitem desmembrá-la em seu dividendo (s’= rebaixamento num dado tempo t’ em min) e seu divisor , de forma unívoca. Os resultados obtidos para D, T e S são validados por comparação com 40 valores desses parâmetros obtidos em 15 testes de aquífero realizados durante a década de 1980 no Aquífero Cabeças no Vale do Gurguéia, Piauí/Brasil. Esta abordagem é válida para a obtenção de valores confiáveis de D, T e S, de modo a respaldar a elaboração adequada de projetos de poços e de baterias de poços.
Relação entre precipitação e recarga de águas subterrâneas na Amazônia Central
Authors: De Brito Alderlene Pimentel , Tomasella Javier , Wahnfried Ingo Daniel , Candido Luiz Antonio , Monteiro Maria Terezinha , Filgueiras Sávio José Ferreira 
Published: January 2020

A água subterrânea na Amazônia é de fundamental importância na manutenção dos serviços ecossistêmicos e para atender demandas humanas. Apesar da existência de grandes corpos de água doce na região, as demandas de abastecimento são atendidas a partir de fontes subterrâneas, majoritariamente freáticas. De forma geral, demandas crescentes do recurso subterrâneo associadas ao crescimento demográfico e padrões de uso do solo podem induzir a alterações nas relações de balanço hídrico e, presumidamente também, as relações entre precipitação-recarga. Somam-se, a esses fatores, efeitos dos eventos climáticos interanuais como o ENOS em suas distintas manifestações: El Niño e La Niña. O objetivo deste estudo é correlacionar as recargas anuais e episódicas nos aquíferos Alter do Chão e Trombetas com a precipitação entre 2011 a 2018, tendo como foco especial o evento de El Niño de 2015-2016. A análise consiste na estimativa das taxas de recarga a partir do método Variação do Nível de Água (VNA) e na comparação das variações do nível da água subterrânea ao déficit total no armazenamento de água para o período. Padrões de comportamento interanuais do nível freático correlacionam-se com a variabilidade observada para a precipitação. A recarga média anual para os aquíferos Alter do Chão e Trombetas foi de 35% (572 mm) para uma precipitação anual de 1647 mm, e 24%, ou seja, 473 mm de 1954 mm precipitados, respectivamente. Os níveis freáticos mínimos ocorreram em janeiro de 2016. Este efeito indica que o ENOS pode gerar diminuições no volume total de água armazenado em aquíferos na Amazônia durante e alguns meses após sua ocorrência.
Pharmacogenetic relevant polymorphisms of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A5 in Bhutanese population
Authors: Dorji Palden Wangyel , Wangchuk Sonam , Boonprasert Kanyarat , Tarasuk Mayuri , Na-Bangchang Kesara 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Marked differences among genotype frequencies (Caucasians, Asians, and Africans) have been observed in cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. Data on the frequency of pharmacogenetic relevant polymorphisms in Bhutanese population is absent. This study aimed to investigate the frequencies of pharmacogenetic relevant polymorphisms of CYP2C9 (*2 and *3), CYP2C19 (*2 and *3), CYP2D6 (*10), and CYP3A5 (*3) in Bhutanese population.

Methods
Genotyping was performed in 443 DNA samples using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results
For CYP2C9, allele frequencies of *2 and *3 variants were 0.339% and 0%, respectively. For CYP2C19, frequencies of *2 and *3 variants were 30.135% and 15.689%, respectively. Allele frequencies of CYP2D6*10 and CYP3A5*3 were 21.332% and 77.314%, respectively. Allele frequencies of CYP2C9*2 are similar to most Asians while CYP2C9*3 was absent. CYP2C19*2 showed a close resemblance to Japanese and Burmese, while CYP2C19*3 is near to Japanese and Korean. CYP2D6*10 is noticeably lower than other Asians. CYP3A5*3 is similar to East Asians (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean).

Conclusions
The Bhutanese population is polymorphic for these CYP genes, except for CYP2C9*3. Similar to other populations, genetic testing for these genes may, therefore, be helpful to obtain the benefit from pharmacological treatments and prevent adverse drug reactions.
Analysis of a Non-integer Order Model for the Coinfection of HIV and HSV-2
Authors: Pinto Carla M. A. , Carvalho Ana R. M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We propose a non-integer order model for the dynamics of the coinfection of HIV and HSV-2. We calculate the reproduction number of the model and study the local stability of the disease-free equilibrium. Simulations of the model for the variation of epidemiologically relevant parameters and the order of the non-integer order derivative, α, reveal interesting dynamics. These results are discussed from an epidemiologically point of view.