bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tobacco Use and Associated Risk Factors in Burkina Faso: Results from a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.
Authors: Bonnechère Bruno , Kadari Cissé , Tiéba Millogo , Gautier Ouédraogo H. , Franck Garanet , Mariam Ouedraogo A. , Gabriela Boyle , Sékou Samadoulougou , Seni Kouanda , Fati Kirakoya-Samadoulougou 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Studies characterizing the prevalence of tobacco use in low-income countries are lacking. This study describes the prevalence of tobacco use in Burkina Faso and its associated factors.
Methods : Data from the 2013 Burkina Faso World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) were analyzed. The prevalence of any tobacco product use, cigarette smoking, and other tobacco use was calculated. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with tobacco use. Overall, 4,691 people were included in this analysis.
Results: The prevalence of any tobacco use was 19.8% (95% CI: 18.4–21.2). Tobacco use was higher for men (29.2% [27.0–31.5]) than women (11.8% [10.3–13.4]). The prevalence of smoked tobacco was 11.3% (10.3–12.4), with a significantly higher prevalence among men (24.5% [22.1–27.0]) than women (0.1% [0.01–0.3]). The overall prevalence of other tobacco use was 8.9% (7.4–10.7), with lower values for men (5.6% [4.1–7.2]) compared to women (11.7% [9.4–14.1]). Tobacco smoking among men was significantly associated with an increased age and alcohol consumption. The analysis of risk factors for other tobacco use stratified by gender showed that age, education, residence, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with consumption for women, and age and alcohol consumption for men.
Conclusion: Tobacco use is common in Burkina Faso. To effectively reduce tobacco use in Burkina Faso, a comprehensive tobacco control program should consider associated factors, such as gender, age, and alcohol consumption.
Evaluation of efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of white spot lesions in vitro and clinical research: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Xueling , Lin Xuandong , Zhong Tengfei , Xie Fangfang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: This systematic review with meta-analyses sought to answer whether casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) provided a remineralizing benefit superior to that of nonintervention or placebo.
Methods: The Cochrane databases, PubMed, EmBase, and Ovid up to May 20th, 2019, were scanned, only published in English. Study information extraction and methodological quality assessments were accomplished independently by two reviewers. The “Criteria for judging risk of bias in the ‘Risk of bias’ assessment tool” was used for methodological quality assessment. The continuous data was analyzed by mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Review Manager 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. Outcome variables include quantitative light-induced fluorescence in clinical research, average surface roughness and surface microhardness in vitro.
Results: There were significant differences in the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI: [−0.79, −0.07], P = 0.02), average surface roughness (SMD = −8.21, 95% CI: [−10.37, −6.04], P < 0.01), Vickers microhardness (SMD = 1.19, 95% CI: [0.72, 1.66], P < 0.01), and Knoop microhardness (SMD = 3.52, 95% CI: [2.68, 4.36], P < 0.01) between the CPP-ACP and control groups or baseline.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this meta-analysis, CPP-ACP exhibited excellent remineralization effects evaluated in clinical research and in vitro, indicating outstanding restoration of form, aesthetics, and function in treating white spot lesions.
Major obstetric haemorrhage in Metro East, Cape Town, South Africa: a population-based cohort study using the Maternal Near Miss approach
Authors: heitkamp anke , Aronson Simcha Lot , Akker Thomas van den , Vollmer Linda , Gebhardt Stefan , Roosmalen Jos van , de Vries Johanna I , Theron Gerhard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Major obstetric haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality and accounts for one-third of maternal deaths in of Africa. This study aimed to assess the population-based incidence, causes, management and outcomes of major obstetric haemorrhage and risk factors associated with poor maternal outcome.Methods

Women with major obstetric haemorrhage who met the WHO Maternal Near-Miss criteria or died in the Metro East region, Cape Town, South Africa, were evaluated from November 2014-November 2015. Major obstetric haemorrhage was defined as haemorrhage in pregnancies of at least 20 weeks’ gestation or occurring up to 42 days after birth, and leading to hysterectomy, hypovolaemic shock or blood transfusion of ≥5 units of Packed Red Blood Cells. A logistic regression model was used to analyse associations with poor outcome, defined as major obstetric haemorrhage leading to massive transfusion of ≥8 units of packed red blood cells, hysterectomy or death.Results

The incidence of major obstetric haemorrhage was 3/1000 births, and the incidence of massive transfusion was 4/10.000 births in the Metro East region (32.862 births occurred during the studied time period). Leading causes of haemorrhage were placental abruption 45/119 (37.8%), complications of caesarean section 29/119 (24.4%) and uterine atony 13/119 (10.9%). Therapeutic oxytocin was administered in 98/119 (82.4%) women and hysterectomy performed in 33/119 (27.7%). The median numbers of packed red blood cells and units of Fresh Frozen Plasma transfused were 6 (interquartile range 4-7) and 3 (interquartile range 2-4), ratio 1.7:1. Caesarean section was independently associated with poor maternal outcome: adjusted OR 4.01 [95% CI 1.58, 10.14]Conclusions

Assessment of major obstetric haemorrhage using the Maternal Near Miss approach revealed that placental abruption and complications of caesarean section were the major causes of major obstetric haemorrhage. Caesarean section was associated with poor outcome.
Does Phone Messaging improves Tuberculosis Treatment Success? A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gashu Kassahun Dessie , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Mekonnen Zeleke Abebaw , Lester Richard , Tilahun Binyam 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Compliance to anti-TB treatment is crucial in achieving cure and avoiding the emer­gence of drug resistance. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions are included in the strategy to end the global Tuberculosis (TB) epidemic by 2035. Evidences showed that mobile messaging systems could improve patient adherence to clinic appointment for diagnosis and treatment. This review aimed to assess the effect of mobile-phone messaging on anti-TB treatment success.
Methods: All randomized controlled trial (RCT) and quasi-experimental studies done prior to August 26, 2019 were included in the review. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and ScienceDirect databases including, grey and non-indexed literatures from Google and Google scholar. Quality of studies were independently assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. A qualitative synthesis and quantitative pooled estimation were used to measure the effect of phone messaging on TB treatment success rate. PRISMA flow diagrams were used to summarize article selection process, see Additional file 1.
Results: A total of 1237 articles were identified, with 14 meeting the eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis. Eight studies with a total of 5680 TB patients (2733 in intervention and 2947 in control groups) were included in meta-analysis. The pooled effect of mobile-phone messaging revealed a small increase in treatment success compared to standard of care (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.06), with low heterogeneity (I 2 =7%, p<0.0002). In the review, performance, detection and attrition biases were reported as major risk of biases.
Conclusions: Mobile-phone messaging showed a modest effect in improving anti-TB treatment success; however, the quality of evidence was low. Further controlled studies are needed to increase the evidence-base on the role of mHealth interventions to improve TB care.
Protocol registration number: CRD420170744339
http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017074439
Key Words: Mobile phone, Treatment success, Text messaging, Tuberculosis
A pilot trial on lithium disilicate partial crowns using a novel prosthodontic Functional Index for Teeth (FIT)
Authors: Cagidiaco Edoardo Ferrari , Grandini Simone , Goracci Cecilia , Joda Tim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Lithium disilicate is now a well accepted material for indirect restorations. The aim of this trial was to evaluate two lithium disilicate systems using a novel prosthodontic Functional Index for Teeth (FIT).Methods

Partial adhesive crowns on natural abutment posterior teeth were made on sixty patients (clinicaltrial.gov # NCT 01835821). Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 e.max press (Ivoclar), Group 2 LiSi press (GC Co.). The restorations were followed-up for 3 years. The FIT is composed of seven variables (Interproximal, Occlusion, Design, Mucosa, Bone, Biology and Margins), each of them to be evaluated using a 0-1-2 scoring scheme. The Mann-Whitney ‘U’ test was applied. The level of significance was set at p<0,05.Results

Survival rate was 100%, without any biological or technical complication. No statistically significant difference emerged between the two groups in any of the assessed variables (p>0.05).Conclusions

The results showed that it is possible to evaluate the clinical performance of partial crowns using FIT. The FIT proved to be an effective tool to foresee the possible risk of failures and to monitor the performance of the restorations at each recall. The two lithium dislocate materials showed same results after 3 years of clinical service.
An artificially simulated outbreak of a respiratory infectious disease
Authors: Guo Zuiyuan , Xu Shuang , Tong Libo , Dai Botao , Liu Yuandong , Dan Xiao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases often take place in crowded places. To understand the spreading pattern of an outbreak of a respiratory infectious disease and provide a theoretical basis for the targeted implementation of scientific prevention and control, we attempted to establish a stochastic model to simulate an outbreak of a respiratory infectious disease at a military camp. This model fits the general pattern of disease transmission and further enriches theories on the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases.Methods We established an enclosed system of 500 people exposed to adenovirus type 7 (ADV 7) in a military camp. During the infection period, the patients transmitted the virus randomly to susceptible people. The spread of the epidemic under militarized management mode was simulated using a computer model named “the random collision model”, and the effects of factors such as the basic reproductive number (R0), time of isolation of the patients (TOI), interval between the onset and isolation (IOI), and immunization rates (IR) on the developmental trend of the epidemic were quantitatively analysed.
Results Once the R0 exceeds 1.5, the median attack rate increases sharply; when R0=3, with a delay in the TOI, the attack rate increases gradually and eventually remains stable. If the IOI exceeds 2.3 days, the median attack rate will also increase dramatically. If the IR exceeds 0.5, the median of the attack rate nears zero. The median generation time was 8.26 days (95% CI: 7.84-8.69 days). The partial rank correlation coefficients between the attack rate of the epidemic and the R0, TOI, IOI, and IR were 0.61, 0.17, 0.45, and -0.27, respectively.
Conclusion The random collision model not only simulates how an epidemic spreads with superior precision but also allows more flexibility in the settings of the exposure population’s activities and different types of infectious diseases, which is conducive to furthering the exploration of the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic outbreaks.
Bacillus velezensis LG37: Transcriptome profiling and functional verification of GlnK and NmtA in ammonia (NH4+) assimilation
Authors: Liu Guangxin , V Sarath Babu , Dong Yanjun , Li Xinfeng , A Binda Tembeng , Zhao Lijuan , Tu Jiagang , He Jin , lin li 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

In recent years, interest in Bacillus velezensis has increased considerably due to its role in many industrial water bioremediation processes that include - probiotics. In this study, we isolated and assessed the transcriptome of Bacillus velezensis LG37 (a new strain isolated from aquaculture pond) under different nitrogen sources. Since Bacillus species exhibit heterogeneity, the underlying molecular mechanisms in ammonia nitrogen assimilation are poorly understood; and ammonia’s nitrogen is considered toxic to aquatics.Results

Here, a total of 812 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the transcriptomic sequencing of LG37 grown with ammonia or glutamine were obtained, from which 56 had Fold Change ≥ 2. BLAST NCBI and UniProt databases revealed 27 out of the 56 DEGs were potentially involved in NH4+ assimilation. Among them, the relative expression level of the two-component regulatory system glnK/glnL were significantly upregulated in the transcriptomic profile, and the same was authenticated by RT-qPCR along with six other genes. In addition, the transcriptome and relative expression analysis showed that the transporter (amtB) gene of LG37 was not involved in ammonia transport even in the highest ammonia concentrations. Besides, CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (Δ) and overexpression (OE) LG37 mutants of glnK further evidenced the exclusion of amtB regulation, suggesting an involvement of alternative transporter. Moreover, in the transcriptomic data, a novel ammonium transporter nmtA was expressed significantly in increased ammonia concentrations. Subsequently, OEnmtA and ΔnmtA LG37 strains showed a unique expression pattern compared to that of wild-LG37 strain.Conclusion

Based on the transcriptome data, regulation of nitrogen related genes were promptly screened from the newly isolated LG37 strain to analyse the key regulating factors during ammonia assimilation. The novel NmtA transporter of LG37 became apparent in ammonia transport instead of AmtB, which transport ammonium nitrogen in other Bacillus strains, with the aid of the genomic editing tools. The validated NmtA and other transcriptome predicted data would shed a new light on the assimilation mechanism of ammonia, and the isolate can be broadly used to facilitate the removal of ammonium nitrogen.
Reliability and validity of miniscrews as references in cone-beam computed tomography and intraoral scanner digital models: study on goat heads
Authors: JIANG YIRAN , CHEN GUI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Miniscrews have been used to superimpose craniofacial three-dimensional (3D) images or explore stable structures in jaws, in spite of their artifact. Our purpose was to evaluate the reliability and validity of linear and angular measurements on a 3D model of miniscrews from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) at two voxel sizes and an intraoral scanner (IOS).
Methods: Altogether, 64 miniscrews were placed in 12 jaws of goat. Jaws with miniscrews were scanned by CBCT machine at different voxels and IOS. Linear and angular measurements between miniscrews on CBCT at 0.12-mm and 0.3-mm voxels and the IOS were compared with actual measurements and with each other.
Results: An intra-and inter-class correlation of 0.961–1.000 was obtained by each method. Significant overestimations of linear measurements of 0 .2 7 ± 0.24, 0.14 ± 0.22 and 0.15±0.26 mm, and non-significant differences of 0.11±1.97 °, 0.15±2.79° and 0.41±2.34°, were observed on CBCT at 0.12-mm and 0.3-mm voxels and the IOS, respectively. Equal magnification of linear measurements was on homolateral and contralateral sides using CBCT, whereas significantly greater magnification on the homolateral side than on the opposite was observed using the IOS. There was no significant difference on results of angular measurements between digital models of CBCT at two voxels and IOS and of them in comparison with actual measurement results respectively.
Conclusions: Miniscrews in CBCT and IOS are reliable and clinical valid as reference measuring tooth movement. However, when miniscrews are involved in high precision measurement in CBCT or IOS image, the systematic error should be taken into consideration. Same voxels of CBCT images are recommended for miniscrew related measurements to reduce the type of error source.
Osteoprotegerin gene polymorphisms and otosclerosis: an additional genetic association study, multilocus interaction and meta-analysis
Authors: Bouzid Amal , Tekari Adel , Jbeli Fida , Chakroun Amine , Hansdah Kirtal , Souissi Amal , Singh Neha , Mosrati Mohamed Ali , Achour Imen , Ghorbel Abdelmonem , Charfeddine Ilhem , Ramchander Puppala Venkat , Masmoudi Saber 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Otosclerosis (OTSC) is among the most common causes of a late-onset hearing loss and alteration in the osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression was suggested in the implication of OTSC pathogenesis. A case-control association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the OPG gene was performed in a Tunisian-North African population composed of 183 unrelated OTSC patients and 177 healthy subjects.Results Rs3102734 and rs2073618 were significantly associated with OTSC which were predominantly detected in females after multiple corrections. The haplotypes A-A-C-G (p = 0.0.001) and A-A-C-C (p = 0.0004) were significantly associated with OTSC suggesting a reduced risk in females. Multilocus association revealed that: rs2073618 in OPG, rs39335, rs39350 and rs39374 in RELN, rs494252 in chromosome 11 and rs1800472 in TGFβ1 showed significant OTSC-associated alleles in the Tunisian samples. In addition, meta-analysis for rs2073618 SNP in Tunisian, Indian and Italian populations revealed evidence of association of the rs2073618 polymorphism with OTSC (Odds ratios of 0.826 (95% CI [0.691–0.987], p = 0.0035)).Conclusions Our findings suggest that rs3102734 and rs2073618 variants are associated with OTSC in an additional North African ethnic Tunisian population. Meta-analysis for rs2073618 based on three ethnic population revealed evidence of association with OTSC.
Automated External Defibrillator Issues and Challenges in Saudi Arabia: Knowledge Assessment among Laypersons; Public Safety Perspective
Authors: Haliq Samer A. Al , Khraisat Omar M. , Kandil Mohamed A. , Jumaan Mohammed A. Al , Alotaibi Faris M. , Alsaqabi Fahad S. , Alajmi Hussain M. , Ellouly Hany A. , Al-Haliq Mahmoud A. , Alkhawaldeh Abdullah , ALBashtawy Mohammed , Abuhammad Sawsan H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: A layperson is the first one who attends the scene in the case of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is not enough for those patients; they need Automated External Defibrillator (AED) to bring the heart to function normally. This study aimed to assess the current status of CPR & AED knowledge among laypersons. Methods: Using a descriptive design, study was conducted at seven malls located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Two hundred fifty participants were surveyed using American Heart Association (AHA) 2015 guidelines to assess CPR & AED knowledge. Results: The sample mean age was 32.60 years (SD = 10.02), and (87%) of participants working as security personnel. The mainstream of the participants did not receive training about CPR & AED (75.8%, 95.2% respectively). Common misconceptions are fall into all categories of CPR & AED knowledge. Correctly answered statements ranged from (7.2%) in compression rate to (24.2%) in hand placement). Conclusions: The study results indicated a poor training of CPR & AED in public settings. Integrating high quality CPR & AED knowledge within the school and college curricula is a vital need. National policy adopted by stakeholders’ and decision maker to improve public awareness of CPR & AED and maximize the survival rate. AED public access needs to empower health care system and support community safety regarding Emergency Cardiovascular Care in public settings. Keywords: Automated External Defibrillator; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Layperson; Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Saudi Arabia.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Genes Involved in the Regulation of Nicotine Biosynthesis at Early Time Points after Topping in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Sun Guiling , Qin Yan , Bai Shenglong , Li Wenzheng , Sun Ting , Galbraith David W. , Yang Zefeng , Zhou Yun , Wang Bingwu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background： Nicotiana tabacum is an important economic crop. Topping, a common agricultural practice employed with flue-cured tobacco, is designed to increase leaf nicotine contents. Many genes are found to be differentially expressed in response to topping, particularly genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis, but comprehensive analyses of early transcriptional responses induced by topping are not yet available. To develop a detailed understanding of the mechanisms regulating nicotine biosynthesis after topping, we have sequenced the transcriptomes of N. tabacum roots at seven time points following topping.

Results： Differential expression analysis revealed that 4,830 genes respond to topping across all time points. Amongst these, nine gene families involved in nicotine biosynthesis and two gene families involved in nicotine transport showed significant changes during the immediate 24 hour period following topping. No obvious preference to the parental species was detected in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Significant changes in transcript levels of nine genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis and phytohormone signal transduction were validated by qRT-PCR assays. 549 genes encoding transcription factors (TFs), found to exhibit significant changes in gene expression after topping, formed 15 clusters based on similarities of their transcript level time-course profiles. 336 DEGs involved in phytohormone signal transduction, including genes functionally related to the phytohormones jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, auxin, ethylene, and gibberellin, were identified at the earliest time point after topping.

Conclusions： Our research provides the first detailed analysis of the early transcriptional responses to topping in N. tabacum , and identifies excellent candidates for further detailed studies concerning the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco roots.