bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Dysfunctions” induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery are concomitant with metabolic improvement independent of weight loss
Authors: Li Meiyi , Liu Zhiyuan , Qian Bangguo , Liu Weixin , Horimoto Katsuhisa , Xia Jie , Shi Meilong , Wang Bing , Zhou Huarong , Chen Luonan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetabolic surgery has been increasingly recommended for obese diabetic patients, but questions remain as to its molecular mechanism that leads to improved metabolic parameters independently of weight loss from a network viewpoint. We evaluated the role of the Roux limb (RL) in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in nonobese diabetic rat models. Improvements in metabolic parameters were greater in the long-RL RYGB group. Transcriptome profiles reveal that amelioration of diabetes state following RYGB differs remarkably from both normal and diabetic states. According to functional analysis, RYGB surgery significantly affected a major gene group, i.e., the newly changed group, which represented diabetes-irrelevant genes abnormally expressed after RYGB. We hypothesize that novel “dysfunctions” carried by this newly changed gene group induced by RYGB rebalance diabetic states and contribute to amelioration of metabolic parameters. An unusual increase in cholesterol (CHOL) biosynthesis in RL enriched by the newly changed group was concomitant with ameliorated metabolic parameters, as demonstrated by measurements of physiological parameters and biodistribution analysis using [14C]-labeled glucose. Our findings demonstrate RYGB-induced “dysfunctions” in the newly changed group as a compensatory role contributes to amelioration of diabetes. Rather than attempting to normalize “abnormal” molecules, we suggest a new disease treatment strategy of turning “normal” molecules “abnormal” in order to achieve a new “normal” physiological balance. It further implies a novel strategy for drug discovery, i.e. targeting also on “normal” molecules, which are traditionally ignored in pharmaceutical development.
Highly durable crack sensor integrated with silicone rubber cantilever for measuring cardiac contractility
Authors: Kim Dong-Su , Choi Yong Whan , Shanmugasundaram Arunkumar , Jeong Yun-Jin , Park Jongsung , Oyunbaatar Nomin-Erdene , Kim Eung-Sam , Choi Mansoo , Lee Dong-Weon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo date, numerous biosensing platforms have been developed for assessing drug-induced cardiac toxicity by measuring the change in contractile force of cardiomyocytes. However, these low sensitivity, low-throughput, and time-consuming processes are severely limited in their real-time applications. Here, we propose a cantilever device integrated with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-encapsulated crack sensor to measure cardiac contractility. The crack sensor is chemically bonded to a PDMS thin layer that allows it to be operated very stably in culture media. The reliability of the proposed crack sensor has been improved dramatically compared to no encapsulation layer. The highly sensitive crack sensor continuously measures the cardiac contractility without changing its gauge factor for up to 26 days (>5 million heartbeats), while changes in contractile force induced by drugs are monitored using the crack sensor-integrated cantilever. Finally, experimental results are compared with those obtained via conventional optical methods to verify the feasibility of building a contraction-based drug-toxicity testing system.
Geometric cues stabilise long-axis polarisation of PAR protein patterns in C. elegans
Authors: Geßele Raphaela , Halatek Jacob , Würthner Laeschkir , Frey Erwin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote, PAR protein patterns, driven by mutual anatagonism, determine the anterior-posterior axis and facilitate the redistribution of proteins for the first cell division. Yet, the factors that determine the selection of the polarity axis remain unclear. We present a reaction-diffusion model in realistic cell geometry, based on biomolecular reactions and accounting for the coupling between membrane and cytosolic dynamics. We find that the kinetics of the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle of PARs and the diffusive protein fluxes from the cytosol towards the membrane are crucial for the robust selection of the anterior-posterior axis for polarisation. The local ratio of membrane surface to cytosolic volume is the main geometric cue that initiates pattern formation, while the choice of the long-axis for polarisation is largely determined by the length of the aPAR-pPAR interface, and mediated by processes that minimise the diffusive fluxes of PAR proteins between cytosol and membrane.
Topological ultranodal pair states in iron-based superconductors
Authors: Setty Chandan , Bhattacharyya Shinibali , Cao Yifu , Kreisel Andreas , Hirschfeld P. J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBogoliubov Fermi surfaces are contours of zero-energy excitations that are protected in the superconducting state. Here we show that multiband superconductors with dominant spin singlet, intraband pairing of spin-1/2 electrons can undergo a transition to a state with Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces if spin-orbit coupling, interband pairing and time reversal symmetry breaking are also present. These latter effects may be small, but drive the transition to the topological state for appropriate nodal structure of the intra-band pair. Such a state should display nonzero zero-bias density of states and corresponding residual Sommerfeld coefficient as for a disordered nodal superconductor, but occurring even in the pure case. We present a model appropriate for iron-based superconductors where the topological transition associated with creation of a Bogoliubov Fermi surface can be studied. The model gives results that strongly resemble experiments on FeSe1−xSx across the nematic transition, where this ultranodal behavior may already have been observed.
Highly efficient three-dimensional solar evaporator for high salinity desalination by localized crystallization
Authors: Wu Lei , Dong Zhichao , Cai Zheren , Ganapathy Turga , Fang Niocholas X. , Li Chuxin , Yu Cunlong , Zhang Yu , Song Yanlin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSolar-driven water evaporation represents an environmentally benign method of water purification/desalination. However, the efficiency is limited by increased salt concentration and accumulation. Here, we propose an energy reutilizing strategy based on a bio-mimetic 3D structure. The spontaneously formed water film, with thickness inhomogeneity and temperature gradient, fully utilizes the input energy through Marangoni effect and results in localized salt crystallization. Solar-driven water evaporation rate of 2.63 kg m−2 h−1, with energy efficiency of >96% under one sun illumination and under high salinity (25 wt% NaCl), and water collecting rate of 1.72 kg m−2 h−1 are achieved in purifying natural seawater in a closed system. The crystalized salt freely stands on the 3D evaporator and can be easily removed. Additionally, energy efficiency and water evaporation are not influenced by salt accumulation thanks to an expanded water film inside the salt, indicating the potential for sustainable and practical applications.
Soil structure is an important omission in Earth System Models
Authors: Fatichi Simone , Or Dani , Walko Robert , Vereecken Harry , Young Michael H. , Ghezzehei Teamrat A. , Hengl Tomislav , Kollet Stefan , Agam Nurit , Avissar Roni 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost soil hydraulic information used in Earth System Models (ESMs) is derived from pedo-transfer functions that use easy-to-measure soil attributes to estimate hydraulic parameters. This parameterization relies heavily on soil texture, but overlooks the critical role of soil structure originated by soil biophysical activity. Soil structure omission is pervasive also in sampling and measurement methods used to train pedotransfer functions. Here we show how systematic inclusion of salient soil structural features of biophysical origin affect local and global hydrologic and climatic responses. Locally, including soil structure in models significantly alters infiltration-runoff partitioning and recharge in wet and vegetated regions. Globally, the coarse spatial resolution of ESMs and their inability to simulate intense and short rainfall events mask effects of soil structure on surface fluxes and climate. Results suggest that although soil structure affects local hydrologic response, its implications on global-scale climate remains elusive in current ESMs.
Photosynthesis-inspired H2 generation using a chlorophyll-loaded liposomal nanoplatform to detect and scavenge excess ROS
Authors: Wan Wei-Lin , Tian Bo , Lin Yu-Jung , Korupalli Chiranjeevi , Lu Ming-Yen , Cui Qinghua , Wan Dehui , Chang Yen , Sung Hsing-Wen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA disturbance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis may cause the pathogenesis of many diseases. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, this work proposes a photo-driven H2-evolving liposomal nanoplatform (Lip NP) that comprises an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) that is conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via a ROS-responsive linker, which is encapsulated inside the liposomal system in which the lipid bilayer embeds chlorophyll a (Chla). The UCNP functions as a transducer, converting NIR light into upconversion luminescence for simultaneous imaging and therapy in situ. Functioning as light-harvesting antennas, AuNPs are used to detect the local concentration of ROS for FRET biosensing, while the Chla activates the photosynthesis of H2 gas to scavenge local excess ROS. The results thus obtained indicate the potential of using the Lip NPs in the analysis of biological tissues, restoring their ROS homeostasis, possibly preventing the initiation and progression of diseases.
Earthquake slip surfaces identified by biomarker thermal maturity within the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake fault zone
Authors: Rabinowitz Hannah S. , Savage Heather M. , Polissar Pratigya J. , Rowe Christie D. , Kirkpatrick James D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExtreme slip at shallow depths on subduction zone faults is a primary contributor to tsunami generation by earthquakes. Improving earthquake and tsunami risk assessment requires understanding the material and structural conditions that favor earthquake propagation to the trench. We use new biomarker thermal maturity indicators to identify seismic faults in drill core recovered from the Japan Trench subduction zone, which hosted 50 m of shallow slip during theMw9.1 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Our results show that multiple faults have hosted earthquakes with displacement ≥ 10 m, and each could have hosted many great earthquakes, illustrating an extensive history of great earthquake seismicity that caused large shallow slip. We find that lithologic contrasts in frictional properties do not necessarily determine the likelihood of large shallow slip or seismic hazard.
Emergence of pseudogap from short-range spin-correlations in electron-doped cuprates
Authors: Boschini Fabio , Zonno Marta , Razzoli Elia , Day Ryan P. , Michiardi Matteo , Zwartsenberg Berend , Nigge Pascal , Schneider Michael , da Silva Neto Eduardo H. , Erb Andreas , Zhdanovich Sergey , Mills Arthur K. , Levy Giorgio , Giannetti Claudio , Jones David J. , Damascelli Andrea 
Published: January 2020

AbstractComplex electron interactions underlie the electronic structure of several families of quantum materials. In particular, the strong electron Coulomb repulsion is considered the key ingredient to describing the emergence of exotic and/or ordered phases of quantum matter, from high-temperature superconductivity to charge- and magnetic-order. However, a comprehensive understanding of fundamental electronic properties of quantum materials is often complicated by the appearance of an enigmatic partial suppression of low-energy electronic states, known as the pseudogap. Here we take advantage of ultrafast angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to unveil the temperature evolution of the low-energy density of states in the electron-doped cuprate Nd2-xCexCuO4, an emblematic system where the pseudogap intertwines with magnetic degrees of freedom. Using an optical excitation we drive the electronic system across the pseudogap onset temperature T*, and we report the direct relation between the momentum-resolved pseudogap spectral features and the spin-correlation length with a remarkable sensitivity. This transient approach, corroborated by mean-field model calculations, allows us to establish the pseudogap in electron-doped cuprates as a precursor to the incipient antiferromagnetic order even when long-range antiferromagnetic correlations are not established, as in the case of optimal doping.
B4GALNT1 induces angiogenesis, anchorage independence growth and motility, and promotes tumorigenesis in melanoma by induction of ganglioside GM2/GD2
Authors: Yoshida Hideki , Koodie Lisa , Jacobsen Kari , Hanzawa Ken , Miyamoto Yasuhide , Yamamoto Masato 
Published: January 2020

Abstractβ-1,4-N-Acetyl-Galactosaminyltransferase 1 (B4GALNT1)encodes the key enzyme B4GALNT1 to generate gangliosides GM2/GD2. GM2/GD2 gangliosides are surface glycolipids mainly found on brain neurons as well as peripheral nerves and skin melanocytes and are reported to exacerbate the malignant potential of melanomas. In order to elucidate the mechanism, we performed functional analyses of B4GALNT1-overexpressing cells. We analyzed ganglioside pattern on four melanoma and two neuroblastoma cell lines by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We overexpressed B4GALNT1 in GM2/GD2-negative human melanoma cell line (SH4) and confirmed production of GM2/GD2 by HPLC. They showed higher anchorage independence growth (AIG) in colony formation assay, and exhibited augmented motility.In vitro, cell proliferation was not affected by GM2/GD2 expression.In vivo, GM2/GD2-positive SH4 clones showed significantly higher tumorigenesis in NOD/Scid/IL2Rγ-null mice, and immunostaining of mouse CD31 revealed that GM2/GD2 induced remarkable angiogenesis. No differences were seen in melanoma stem cell and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition markers between GM2/GD2-positive and -negative SH4 cells. We therefore concluded that B4GALNT1, and consequently GM2/GD2, enhanced tumorigenesis via induction of angiogenesis, AIG, and cell motility. RNA-Seq suggested periostin as a potential key factor for angiogenesis and AIG. These findings may lead to development of novel therapy for refractory melanoma.
Person-Specific Methods for Characterizing the Course and Temporal Dynamics of Concussion Symptomatology: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rabinowitz Amanda R. , Fisher Aaron J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBetter characterization of acute concussion symptomatology is needed in order to advance clinical and scientific understanding of persistent concussion symptoms. This paper aims to illustrate a novel framework for conceptualizing, collecting, and analyzing concussion symptom data. To that end, we describe the temporal and structural dynamics of acute concussion symptoms at the individual-patient level. Ten recently concussion adolescents and young adults completed 20 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of post-concussion symptoms. Follow-up assessments were completed at 3 months post-injury. Network modeling revealed marked heterogeneity across participants. In the overall sample, temporal patterns explained the most variance in light sensitivity (48%) and the least variance in vomiting (5%). About half of the participants had symptom networks that were sparse after controlling for temporal variation. The other individualized symptom networks were densely interconnected clusters of symptoms. Networks were highly idiosyncratic in nature, yet emotional symptoms (nervousness, emotional, sadness), cognitive symptoms (mental fogginess, slowness), and symptoms of hyperacusis (sensitivity to light, sensitivity to noise) tended to cluster together across participants. Person-specific analytic techniques revealed a number of idiosyncratic features of post-concussion symptomatology. We propose applying this framework to future research to better understand individual differences in concussion recovery.
Association of Irregular Pigment Epithelial Detachment in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy with Genetic Variants Implicated in Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Cho Soo Chang , Ryoo Na-Kyung , Ahn Jeeyun , Woo Se Joon , Park Kyu Hyung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe evaluated phenotype and genotype correlation of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients with or without irregular pigment epithelial detachment (PED) on optical coherence tomography (OCT). For CSC, a flat, irregular protrusion of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with hyper-reflective sub-RPE fluid on OCT was defined as an irregular PED. Participants were classified into 5 subgroups; (1) total CSC (n = 280) (2) CSC with irregular PED (n = 126) (3) CSC without irregular PED (n = 154) (4) typical choroidal neovascularization (CNV) (n = 203) and (5) polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) (n = 135). Ten known major AMD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed. Age, sex adjusted logistic regression was performed for the association between subgroups. Association analysis between CSC without irregular PED and CNV revealed that significant difference for rs10490924 in ARMS2, rs10737680 in CFH, and marginally significant difference for rs800292 in CFH. Between CSC without irregular PED and PCV, rs10490924, rs10737680, and rs800292 were significantly different. In contrast, CSC with irregular PED and CNV revealed no SNP showing significant difference. Between CSC with irregular PED and PCV, only rs10490924 was significantly different. CSC with irregular PED and CSC without irregular PED revealed significant difference for rs800292, and marginal difference for rs10737680. These findings suggest CSC patients with irregular PED are genetically different from those without irregular PED and may have genetic and pathophysiologic overlap with AMD patients.
Second law analysis with effects of Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reaction on nanofluid flow
Authors: Khan Noor Saeed , Kumam Poom , Thounthong Phatiphat 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reaction are taken into account to consider the magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection second grade nanofluid flow through a porous medium in the presence of thermal radiation, heat absorption/generation, buoyancy effects and entropy generation. The items composing of the governing systems are degenerated to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by adopting the appropriate similarity transformations which are computed through Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) numerical technique along with Shooting method. The solution is manifested through graphs which provides a detailed explanations of each profile in terms of involved parameters effects. The compared results maintain outstanding approach to the previous papers.
Biosynaptic devices based on chicken egg albumen:graphene quantum dot nanocomposites
Authors: Sung Sihyun , Park Jae Hyeon , Wu Chaoxing , Kim Tae Whan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiosynaptic devices based on chicken egg albumen (CEA):graphene quantum dot (GQD) hybrid nanocomposites were fabricated to achieve stable synaptic behaviors. Current-voltage (I-V) curves for the biosynaptic devices under consecutive negative and positive voltage sweeps showed clockwise pinched hysteresis, which is a critical feature of a biological synapse. The effect of the GQD concentration in the CEA layer on the device performance was studied. The retention time of the biosynaptic devices was relatively constant, maintaining a value above 104 s under ambient conditions. The carrier transport mechanisms of the biosynaptic devices were described and analyzed on the basis of the slopes of the I-V curves and their fittings.
A general covalent binding model between cytotoxic selenocompounds and albumin revealed by mass spectrometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Zheng Wenyi , He Rui , Boada Roberto , Subirana Maria Angels , Ginman Tobias , Ottosson Håkan , Valiente Manuel , Zhao Ying , Hassan Moustapha 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSelenocompounds (SeCs) are promising therapeutic agents for a wide range of diseases including cancer. The treatment results are heterogeneous and dependent on both the chemical species and the concentration of SeCs. Moreover, the mechanisms of action are poorly revealed, which most probably is due to the detection methods where the quantification is based on the total selenium as an element. To understand the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous cytotoxicity of SeCs and to determine their pharmacokinetics, we investigated selenium speciation of six SeCs representing different categories using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and the cytotoxicity using leukemic cells. SeCs cytotoxicity was correlated with albumin binding degree as revealed by LC-MS and XAS. Further analysis corroborated the covalent binding between selenol intermediates of SeCs and albumin thiols. On basis of the Se-S model, pharmacokinetic properties of four SeCs were for the first time profiled. In summary, we have shown that cytotoxic SeCs could spontaneously transform into selenol intermediates that immediately react with albumin thiols through Se-S bond. The heterogeneous albumin binding degree may predict the variability in cytotoxicity. The present knowledge will also guide further kinetic and mechanistic investigations in both experimental and clinical settings.
Multivalley Free Energy Landscape and the Origin of Stripe and Quasi-Stripe CDW Structures in Monolayer MX2 Compounds
Authors: Nakatsugawa Keiji , Tanda Satoshi , Ikeda Tatsuhiko N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUltrathin sheets of transition metal dichalcogenides (MX2) with charge density waves (CDWs) is increasingly gaining interest as a promising candidate for graphene-like devices. Although experimental data including stripe/quasi-stripe structure and hidden states have been reported, the ground state of ultrathin MX2 compounds and, in particular, the origin of anisotropic (stripe and quasi-stripe) CDW phases is a long-standing problem. Anisotropic CDW phases have been explained by Coulomb interaction between domain walls and inter-layer interaction. However, these models assume that anisotropic domain walls can exist in the first place. Here, we report that anisotropic CDW domain walls can appear naturally without assuming anisotropic interactions: We explain the origin of these phases by topological defect theory (line defects in a two-dimensional plane) and interference between harmonics of macroscopic CDW wave functions. We revisit the McMillan-Nakanishi-Shiba model for monolayer 1T-TaS2 and 2H-TaSe2 and show that CDWs with wave vectors that are separated by 120° (i.e. the three-fold rotation symmetry of the underlying lattice) contain a free-energy landscape with many local minima. Then, we remove this 120° constraint and show that free energy local minima corresponding to the stripe and quasi-stripe phases appear. Our results imply that Coulomb interaction between domain walls and inter-layer interaction may be secondary factors for the appearance of stripe and quasi-stripe CDW phases. Furthermore, this model explains our recent experimental result (appearance of the quasi-stripe structure in monolayer 1T-TaS2) and can predict new CDW phases, hence it may become the basis to study CDW further. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for further study in two-dimensional physics, such as explanation of “Hidden CDW states”, study the interplay between supersolid symmetry and lattice symmetry, and application to other van der Waals structures.