bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrons in the supernova-driven interstellar medium
Authors: de Avillez Miguel A. , Anela Gervásio J. , Asgekar Ashish , Breitschwerdt Dieter , Schnitzeler Dominic H. F. M. 
Published: November 2020

Context.Interstellar gas is in a highly turbulent dynamic state driven by successive supernova explosions and stellar winds, while its electron distribution is determined by microscopic processes such as ionization and recombination. In order to understand the properties of the electrons in the interstellar medium (ISM) it is necessary to follow numerically the nonlinear spatial and temporal evolution of the gas, its ionization structure, and its emission properties.Aims.We study the time evolution of the electrons in the ISM and how line of sight observations compare to volume analysis of the simulated medium populated with atoms and ions of the ten most abundant species. In particular, we make quantitative predictions about the occupation fractions and averaged densities of electrons, the dispersion measures, and their vantage point dependence.Methods.We carried out state-of-the-art adaptive mesh refinement simulations of the supernova-driven interstellar gas tracing the evolution of 112 ions and atoms of H, He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe and their emissivities in a time-dependent fashion. The gas is followed with the magnetohydrodynamical adaptive mesh refinement parallel code coupled with the Collisional + Photo Ionization Plasma Emission Software to trace the ionic structure and radiative emission of the plasma.Results.We show that more than 60% of the electrons are in thermally unstable regimes: about 50% at 200 <T≤ 103.9K and 14% at 104.2<T≤ 105.5K. The probability density functions for the electron distribution in different temperature regimes is rather broad, also a result of turbulence in the ISM. Comparing the calculated dispersion measures along different lines of sight to observation, we find a very good agreement. They increase linearly for distances greater than 300 pc from the observer at an average rate of 27 cm−3pc per kpc. The dispersion regarding the average dispersion measures does not decrease with distance along the line of sight, pointing to a high clumpiness of the electrons and of the turbulent ISM. The mean electron density in the Galactic midplane derived from the volume analysis varies between 0.029 and 0.031 cm−3, while that derived from the dispersion measures, varies between 0.0264 and 0.03 cm−3depending on the vantage point and on the time averaged period. These variations can be as high as 8.3% between vantage points.
Gesundheitskompetenz von Menschen mit chronischer Erkrankung in Deutschland
Authors: Schaeffer Doris , Griese Lennert , Berens Eva-Maria 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Menschen mit chronischen Erkrankungen (MmcE) sind mit vielfältigen Anforderungen der Krankheitsbewältigung und der Versorgungsnutzung konfrontiert. Entsprechend hoch ist ihr Bedarf an Information und auch an Gesundheitskompetenz (GK). Während das Thema international seit längerem die Aufmerksamkeit der Forschung findet, fehlen für Deutschland bislang Untersuchungen zur GK von MmcE.Ziel und Methode Ziel der vorliegenden Analyse ist es, die GK von MmcE in Deutschland vertiefend zu analysieren. Dazu wurden Querschnittsdaten von insgesamt 499 MmcE des deutschen Gesundheitskompetenzsurveys (HLS-GER) genutzt. Die GK wurde mit dem European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q 47) erfasst. Potenzielle Unterschiede bei der Verteilung von GK wurden nach Geschlecht, Alter, Sozialstatus, finanzielle Ressourcen, Bildungsniveau und literale Fähigkeiten (gemessen mit dem Newest Vital Sign (NVS)) und krankheitsbezogenen Merkmalen (Krankheitsanzahl und -dauer) mittels Chi-Quadrat Test geprüft. Ebenso wurde der Einfluss dieser Faktoren auf GK bei MmcE mittels multipler logistischer Regression untersucht.Ergebnisse 72,7% der MmcE weisen eine geringe GK auf. Dabei variiert die GK stark nach den untersuchten Bereichen Krankheitsbewältigung/-versorgung, Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. Ein niedriger Sozialstatus (Odds Ratio (OR): 4,4 [1, 8; 10, 7]), geringe finanzielle Ressourcen (OR: 2,0 [1,2; 3,1]), limitierte literale Fähigkeiten (OR: 2,7 [1,4; 5,0]) sowie ein mittleres Bildungsniveau (OR: 0,5 [0,3; 0,9]) sind in der multiplen logistischen Regression mit geringer Gesundheitskompetenz assoziiert. Krankheitsanzahl und -dauer zeigen keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang mit geringer GK.Schlussfolgerung Die Analyse liefert erste Erkenntnisse für Deutschland, die künftig der Vertiefung bedürfen. Sie liefern aber schon jetzt wichtige Hinweise für die Interventionsentwicklung. Erforderlich ist es, zielgruppenspezifische Interventionen zur Stärkung der persönlichen GK von MmcE zu entwickeln, die sich speziell an chronisch Erkrankte mit niedrigem Sozialstatus, geringen finanziellen Ressourcen und eingeschränkter Literalität richten. Um Stigmatisierungen zu vermeiden, ist es wichtig, dass Interventionen zugleich auf die Reduktion bestehender Anforderungen in der Lebensumwelt zielen und die Suche, Aneignung und Verarbeitung von Information erleichtern und damit zur Verringerung von Ungleichheiten beitragen.
Die Relevanz des Dolmetschens im Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Führer Amand , Brzoska Patrick 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Viele Menschen im deutschsprachigen Raum haben Probleme
mit der deutschen Sprache. Im Gesundheitssystem ergeben sich hieraus
Barrieren für den Zugang zu und die Nutzung von Angeboten. Ziel der
vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit ist es, den aktuellen Forschungsstand
zur Relevanz von Sprachbarrieren in der medizinischen Versorgung
darzustellen sowie eingesetzte Strategien zum Umgang mit sprachbedingten
Kommunikationsproblemen zu erläutern.
Methoden Die Übersichtsarbeit basiert auf einer Synthese
englischsprachiger systematischer Reviews zum Thema ‚Dolmetschen im
Gesundheitssystem‘, erweitert um alle seit 2015
veröffentlichten Originalarbeiten aus Deutschland.
Ergebnisse Am häufigsten wird in Krankenhäusern bei
Sprachproblemen auf das Dolmetschen durch
Angehörige/Bekannte von Patient/-innen oder durch
bilinguales Personal des Krankenhauses zurückgegriffen. Die
Qualität dieser durch nicht ausgebildete Laien
durchgeführten Sprachmittlung ist dabei häufig
eingeschränkt, was sich negativ auf Versorgungsoutcomes auswirken
kann. Der Einsatz professioneller Dolmetscher/-innen geht mit
deutlich besseren Versorgungsergebnissen einher und stellt v. a. in Form des
Telefon- oder Videodolmetschens einen flexibel und kostengünstig zu
implementierenden Ansatz dar.
Schlussfolgerung Sprachliche Verständigung ist eine wichtige
Voraussetzung patientenorientierter Versorgung und muss aus ethischen,
sozialen und rechtlichen Gründen durch das Gesundheitssystems
sichergestellt werden. Hierbei sollten v. a. professionelle
Dolmetschlösungen zum Einsatz kommen, für die auch die
entsprechenden finanziellen und infrastrukturellen Ressourcen zur
Verfügung gestellt werden müssen.
Enantioselective Halocyclization of Indole Derivatives: Using 1,3-Dihalohydantoins with Anionic Chiral Co(III) Complexes
Authors: Sun Ting-Ting , Liu Kun , Zhang Shun-Xin , Yu Jie , Wang Chun-Ru , Yao Chuan-Zhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHighly enantioselective halocyclization reactions of indole derivatives, including tryptophols and tryptamines, have been accomplished by means of anionic chiral Co(III) complexes and 1,3-dihalohydantoins (as little as 0.50 equiv). 3-Halo-fused indolines were obtained in excellent yields (up to 98%) and enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee), employing the chiral anion phase-transfer-catalysis strategy.
Palladium-Catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Aromatic and Aliphatic Alkenes to Terminal Acetals and Aldehydes
Authors: Ura Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCatalytic anti-Markovnikov (AM) oxidation of terminal alkenes can provide terminally oxyfunctionalized organic compounds. This short review mainly summarizes our recent progress on the Pd-catalyzed AM oxidations of aromatic and aliphatic terminal alkenes to give terminal acetals (oxidative acetalization) and aldehydes (Wacker-type oxidation), along with related reports. These reactions demonstrate the efficacy of the PdCl2(MeCN)2/CuCl/electron-deficient cyclic alkenes/O2 catalytic system. Notably, electron-deficient cyclic alkenes such as p-benzoquinones (BQs) and maleimides are key additives that facilitate nucleophilic attack of oxygen nucleophiles on coordinated terminal alkenes and enhance the AM selectivity. BQs also function to oxidize Pd(0) depending on the reaction conditions. Several other factors that improve the AM selectivity, such as the steric demand of the nucleo­philes, slow substrate addition, and halogen-directing groups, are also discussed.1	Introduction2	Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Aromatic Alkenes to Terminal Acetals­3	Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Aromatic Alkenes to Aldehydes4	Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Aliphatic Alkenes to Terminal Acetals­5	Anti-Markovnikov Oxidation of Aliphatic Alkenes to Aldehydes6	Conclusion
Seizure Outcome in Adult Patients with Supratentorial Cavernomas
Authors: Kemerdere Rahsan , Alizada Orkhan , Ayman Tugce , Baran Oguz , Yeni Seher Naz , Tanriverdi Taner 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background Cavernomas are usually found in the supratentorial area, and epileptic seizures are one of the presenting symptoms.

Objective This study aims to provide the seizure outcome in adult patients who underwent surgical excision of single supratentorial cavernomas.

Materials and Methods A total of 23 patients with single supratentorial cavernomas were operated between May 2011 and January 2019. Pre- and postoperative seizure semiology, clinical, and radiological findings were collected from medical records. At the last follow-up, each patient was seen during regular visits and clinical variables were noted.

Results The mean age was 37.08 ± 10.5 years, and 11 (57.8%) and 12 (52.2%) were females and males, respectively. Headache (43.5%) and seizure (43.5%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Cavernomas were located on the right side in 13 and on the left side in 10 patients. The most common locations were the frontal (43.5%) and temporal (43.5%) lobes. The mean follow-up in this series was 41.4 ± 30.8 months. Our results showed that surgery was effective in seizure outcome, as almost 70% of patients who had seizure before surgery was seizure free after surgery, and the difference between those who had seizure pre- and postoperative periods was statistically significant (p = 0.0001).

Conclusion Surgery is safe and effective for supratentorial cavernomas. The excision of cavernoma together with the surrounding hemosiderin should be performed to obtain a satisfactory seizure outcome.
Effects of bi-dopants Ni and Fe on tin antimonide alloy anodes: physico and electrochemical studies
Authors: Lakshmi D , Nalini B , Jayapandi S , Selvin P Christopher 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The high theoretical capacity of tin antimony (SnSb) alloys in lithium storage has gained a great deal of attention with respect to its application inbattery anodes. , The unstable structure of this alloy in terms of cycling is a huge limitation for this material; however, this can be effectively exterminated by doping with intermetallics. This work reports the improved electrochemical charcteristics of tin antimonide nanoparticles when nickel and iron are incorporated into the matrix. The as-prepared pristine and the Ni and Fe doped SnSb nanoparticles are analyzed in terms of their physiochemical properties via x-ray diffraction (with Rietveld refinement), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis. The absence of any metal oxides in the SnSb: Fe, Ni system is confirmed by the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The prepared alloy is subjected as an anode to cyclic voltammetry analysis for both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes, and their performance is satisfactory, exhibiting reversibility and improved specific capacity. Furthermore, the SnSb: Ni, Fe matrix exhibits a high electrical conductivity of 9.27 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature, indicating improved anodic properties.
A practical methodology for enhancement and detection of transient faults in a gearbox without prior fault feature information
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqin , He Xiuzhi , Peng Dikang , Hou Yixuan , Liu Qiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Gear fault diagnosis has been the focus of research in both academia and industry in the past. Due to the complicated structures of gearboxes, the vibration signals collected from the gearbox casings are comprised of multiple sources, in which the fault-related components may be easily masked by the Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises (e.g. random external shocks and gear meshing harmonics). Moreover, fault feature frequencies of interest cannot always be obtained in advance in practical applications. Therefore, it is necessary to choose an appropriate signal processing method for gear fault diagnosis. In this study, a new practical methodology is proposed to extract the transient fault features from a gearbox vibration signal corrupted by complicated interference without prior fault feature information. In the proposed method, a modified self-adaptive noise cancellation (MSANC) algorithm is first developed for removing the interferences of gear meshing harmonics adaptively, which can overcome the shortcomings of the traditional SANC in parameter selection and convergence performance. Based on the de-noised signal, a cyclic spectral analysis tool called the fast spectral correlation and assisted by the multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted algorithm is then applied to enhance and detect the certain and potential gear faults. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical simulation and two experimental scenarios that are compared to an advanced blind optimal demodulation band selection technique. The results reveal that the proposed methodology has good capability to detect mono- and multiple gear faults under complicated interferences, and can be regarded as an efficient method for practical gear fault diagnosis, especially for applications where the fault feature frequencies are unknown in advance.
Hybrid electrostatic and gecko-inspired gripping pads for manipulating bulky, non-smooth items
Authors: Han Amy Kyungwon , Hajj-Ahmad Amar , Cutkosky Mark R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present hybrid electrostatic and gecko-inspired gripping pads that help robots to lift and carry bulky objects. The directional, gecko-inspired adhesive provides a controllable shear force with low normal force, providing a very high effective coefficient of friction so that items like bags full of groceries and heavy cardboard boxes can be lifted using only 1–2 N of squeezing force. The addition of electrostatics helps the pads to conform to non-smooth surfaces, providing substantially higher shear forces than with gecko-inspired adhesives alone. The electrostatic effect is enhanced by doping the silicone rubber adhesive material with calcium copper titanate (CCTO), except at the contacting faces of the adhesive microstructures, where a smooth surface finish is important for adhesion. We describe the multimaterial fabrication process used to create the new hybrid adhesive and present the results of robotic lifting experiments with non-smooth bulky items.
Organic fluorescent nanoparticles with NIR-II emission for bioimaging and therapy
Authors: Dang Huiping , Yan Lifeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fluorescence imaging technology in the second near-infrared bio-channel (NIR-II) has the advantages of low light scattering and weak autofluorescence. It can obtain high spatial resolution imaging in deeper biological tissues and realize accurate diagnosis in the lesion. As a new cancer treatment method, photothermal therapy has the characteristics of obvious curative effect and small side effects. However, the hydrophobicity and non-selectivity of many fluorescent materials, aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching, and other problems lead to undesirable imaging results. Here, we reviewed the structure of the NIR-II fluorescent molecules and these dyes whose fluorescence tail emission is in the NIR-II bio-channel, discussed in detail how to realize the redshift of the dye wavelength, including modifying the push–pull electron system, extending the conjugated chain, and forming J-aggregates and other methods. We also summarize some strategies to improve brightness, including responsiveness, targeting, adjustment of aggregation mode, and aggregation-induced emission effect, thereby improving the imaging performance and therapeutic effect of NIR-II fluorescent dyes.
Technology for developing expert modules and DSS comprehensive platform for reliability and risks monitoring in the Oil and Gas Engeneering
Authors: Zemenkova M Yu , Zemenkov Yu D , Golik V V , Belsky S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the proposed technology for the development of expert modules and DSS for integrated reliability and risk control systems for oil and gas industry, as part of a complex of intelligent technological management of reliability and efficiency of oil and gas systems developed at TIU. All stages of the development of system modules for controlling technical risks, the features of the structure of the decision-making model for DSS, and the components of a static and dynamic expert system for transport and storage of hydrocarbons are considered. The features of creating decision support systems are described, their main functions and decision criteria and their main provisions. As an example, one of the modules of intelligent neural network engineering control for predicting halos of thawing soil in the vicinity of the pipeline and passing communications, and buildings is shown, a model for visualizing processing results is proposed.
Justification of the choice of pump drive for pumping stations of main pipelines, taking into account the principles of energy and economic efficiency
Authors: Zakirzakov A G , Zemenkov Yu D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the key conditions for the dynamic development of oil trunk transportation is to reduce the cost of pumping whose important component is energy costs. Energy transportation costs can be reduced by choosing an optimal type of the drive for pumping stations during construction and reconstruction of existing oil pipelines. An alternative to the electric drive can be a gas turbine. In foreign countries, oil is transported through the gas turbine pump drive. In the conditions of changes in energy prices, it is necessary to develop a method for comparing types of drives of the pump unit, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, in order to compare factors such as technical characteristics of the drive, distance from power sources, and the availability of a gas supply system, etc. Development of the pump drive selection methodology that takes into account international and Russian experience is relevant and will allow us to justify the choice of aggregate drives when designing pump stations.
Directions for improving the motivational mechanics of modern oil and gas production companies
Authors: Chizhevskaya E L , Zemenkov J D , Zemenkova M J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the modern difficult financial situation when the need for highly qualified staff is increasing, the development of effective staff motivation systems is a crucial task. For any enterprise, regardless of its size and scope, it is necessary to update the payment and labor incentive systems as part of formation of a flexible motivational mechanism that allows it to gain maximum profit at minimum costs. For oil and gas production companies, the solution to this problem is complicated by the large number of personnel and a wide range of personnel qualifications, which increases the relevance of the task
Calculation of the speed descrioptions of the upward swirling gas flow in conditions of lateral wind action
Authors: Obukhov A G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of lateral wind impact on three-dimensional non-stationary air flows in ascending vortex flow of artificially created tornado in the stationary operating mode. The mathematical model represents a complete system of Navier-Stokes equations taking into account the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the moving gas, as well as the effects of gravity and Coriolis. Using the explicit difference scheme and the corresponding choice of initial and boundary conditions, the solutions of the complete system of Navier-Stokes equations in the computational domain representing a rectangular parallelepiped are numerically obtained. All components of gas flow speed are calculated at fixed time points and instantaneous current lines are built taking into account the constant horizontal wind speed. The calculations showed that the result of the wind action on the ascending vortex flow is an unsymmetrical change in the circumferential velocity, its uneven deformation at opposite sections, and the total displacement of the vortex in the wind direction. Besides, the displacement and the curvature of the vertical vortex part in wind direction are established, the “separation” of some instantaneous current lines from vertical rotating part and the area in the vortex center increasing in diameter, free from current lines is fixed. In the studied time change range, the wind resistance of the air vortex and stable operation of the used computational scheme are observed.
Use of methods for water suppression in the Severo-Orekhovskoe field
Authors: Dyagilev V F , Dyagileva T V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The subject of the study is the use of methods for water suppression in the productive stratum of the Severo-Orekhovskoe field. Based on the results’ analysis of the use of water suppression methods in the Western Siberia fields, recommendations were developed for the application of these methods in the Severo-Orekhovskoe field. It is shown that only technologies based on gel-and sediment-forming compositions having selective operation in layer-by-layer inhomogeneous stratum meet the conditions of productive strata of the Severo-Orekhovskoe field for all boundary parameters of application. During the study of the specifics of the field-geologic conditions of the Severo-Orekhovskoe field, effective water-shutoff compounds and technologies based on them were proposed: for strata A2-1, A1-3 - gel-forming compounds ACC-1, TSS-1, and “Geopan”. The reagents proposed for use for water suppression operations have a selective effect in layer-by-layer inhomogeneous permeability stratum and have a good filtration in low-permeability reservoirs. The efficiency of using the water suppression technology based on the thermotropic reagent “RV-3P-1” for high-temperature strata BV, JV. It is established that relatively low temperature conditions expand, on the one hand, the range of water suppression technologies. For technologies based on acrylamide polymers (injection of cross-linked polymer compounds, visco-elastic compounds, concentrated polymer compounds, Temposkrin polymer-gel system, etc.), the only limitation is the low permeability of productive strata AB1-2, AB1-3.