bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological and psychological mechanisms of the specific and nonspecific effects of acupuncture on knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized, controlled, crossover trial
Authors: Li Jin-Ling , Liu Cun-Zhi , Zhang Na , Yan Chao-Qun , Tu Jian-Feng , Wang Li-Qiong , Qi You-Sheng , Liu Jun-Hong , Wang Xu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Acupuncture, as one of the promising non-pharmacological interventions, has been proved to be beneficial for patients. However, the magnitude of acupuncture’s specific and nonspecific effects, as well as their neurological and psychological determinants, remains unclear. Therefore, this study is designed to examine the acupuncture efficacy, investigate whether the brain mechanisms between the specific and nonspecific effects of acupuncture are different, and to evaluate how psychological factors affect the acupuncture effects.

Methods
This is a randomized, controlled, crossover clinical trial. A total of 60 patients with knee osteoarthritis will receive 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment and 4 weeks of sham acupuncture treatment in a random order separated by a washout period of 2 weeks. The changes in clinical characteristics based on pain-related scales will be assessed to investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans will be used to identify the brain activity changes related to the specific and nonspecific effects of acupuncture. The questionnaires of psychological factors will be used to evaluate patients’ psychological properties. Correlation and mediation analyses will be conducted among psychological factors, brain activity changes, and symptoms improvement to explore the neurological and psychological correlates of the acupuncture effects.

Discussion
This study will concentrate on distinguishing and clarifying the specific and nonspecific effects of acupuncture. The results of this study may contribute to rationally optimize the acupuncture therapies by flexible application of the specific and nonspecific effects of acupuncture.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900025807. Registered on 9 September 2019
Water-soluble chlorophyll-binding proteins from Brassica oleracea allow for stable photobiocatalytic oxidation of cellulose by a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase
Authors: Dodge N. , Russo D. A. , Blossom B. M. , Singh R. K. , van Oort B. , Croce R. , Bjerrum M. J. , Jensen P. E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are indispensable redox enzymes used in industry for the saccharification of plant biomass. LPMO-driven cellulose oxidation can be enhanced considerably through photobiocatalysis using chlorophyll derivatives and light. Water soluble chlorophyll binding proteins (WSCPs) make it is possible to stabilize and solubilize chlorophyll in aqueous solution, allowing for in vitro studies on photostability and ROS production. Here we aim to apply WSCP–Chl a as a photosensitizing complex for photobiocatalysis with the LPMO, TtAA9.

Results
We have in this study demonstrated how WSCP reconstituted with chlorophyll a (WSCP–Chl a) can create a stable photosensitizing complex which produces controlled amounts of H2O2 in the presence of ascorbic acid and light. WSCP–Chl a is highly reactive and allows for tightly controlled formation of H2O2 by regulating light intensity. TtAA9 together with WSCP–Chl a shows increased cellulose oxidation under low light conditions, and the WSCP–Chl a complex remains stable after 24 h of light exposure. Additionally, the WSCP–Chl a complex demonstrates stability over a range of temperatures and pH conditions relevant for enzyme activity in industrial settings.

Conclusion
With WSCP–Chl a as the photosensitizer, the need to replenish Chl is greatly reduced, enhancing the catalytic lifetime of light-driven LPMOs and increasing the efficiency of cellulose depolymerization. WSCP–Chl a allows for stable photobiocatalysis providing a sustainable solution for biomass processing.
Refinement and validation of infrared thermal imaging (IRT): a non-invasive technique to measure disease activity in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nosrati Zeynab , Bergamo Marta , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Cristina , Saatchi Katayoun , Häfeli Urs O. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The discovery and development of new medicines requires high-throughput screening of possible therapeutics in a specific model of the disease. Infrared thermal imaging (IRT) is a modern assessment method with extensive clinical and preclinical applications. Employing IRT in longitudinal preclinical setting to monitor arthritis onset, disease activity and therapeutic efficacies requires a standardized framework to provide reproducible quantitative data as a precondition for clinical studies.

Methods
Here, we established the accuracy and reliability of an inexpensive smartphone connected infrared (IR) camera against known temperature objects as well as certified blackbody calibration equipment. An easy to use protocol incorporating contactless image acquisition and computer-assisted data analysis was developed to detect disease-related temperature changes in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model and validated by comparison with two conventional methods, clinical arthritis scoring and paw thickness measurement. We implemented IRT to demonstrate the beneficial therapeutic effect of nanoparticle drug delivery versus free methotrexate (MTX) in vivo.

Results
The calibrations revealed high accuracy and reliability of the IR camera for detecting temperature changes in the rheumatoid arthritis animal model. Significant positive correlation was found between temperature changes and paw thickness measurements as the disease progressed. IRT was found to be superior over the conventional techniques specially at early arthritis onset, when it is difficult to observe subclinical signs and measure structural changes.

Conclusion
IRT proved to be a valid and unbiased method to detect temperature changes and quantify the degree of inflammation in a rapid and reproducible manner in longitudinal preclinical drug efficacy studies.
Glycopenia - induced sympathoadrenal activation in diabetes mellitus and uncontrolled arterial hypertension: an observational study
Authors: Abobarin-Adeagbo Abimbola , Wienke Andreas , Girndt Matthias , Pliquett Rainer U. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Aim of this study is to investigate a possible association of hypoglycemic episodes and arterial hypertension. We hypothesize that hospitalized insulin-treated diabetes patients with hypertensive crisis have more hypoglycemic episodes than their counterparts without hypertensive crisis on admission.

Methods
In a prospective, observational cohort study, 65 insulin-treated diabetes patients (type 1, type 2, type 3c) were included in Group 1, when a hypertensive crisis was present, as control patients in Group 2 without hypertensive crisis or hypoglycemia, in Group 3, when a symptomatic hypoglycemia was present on admission. All patients were subjected to open-label continuous glucose monitoring, 24-h blood-pressure- and Holter electrocardiogram recordings, and to laboratory tests including plasma catecholamines.

Results
53 patients, thereof 19 Group-1, 19 Group-2, 15 Group-3 patients, completed this study. Group-1 patients had the highest maximum systolic blood pressure, a higher daily cumulative insulin dose at admission, a higher body-mass index, and a higher plasma norepinephrine than control patients of Group 2. Group-3 patients had more documented hypoglycemic episodes (0.8 ± 0.5 per 24 h) than Group-2 patients (0.2 ± 0.3 per 24 h), however, they were not different to the ones in Group-1 patients (0.4 ± 0.4 per 24 h). Plasma norepinephrine and mean arterial blood pressure were higher Group-1 and Group-3 patients than in control patients of Group 2. At discharge, the daily cumulative insulin dose was reduced in Group-1 (− 18.4 ± 24.9 units) and in Group-3 patients (− 18.6 ± 22.7 units), but remained unchanged in Group-2 control patients (− 2.9 ± 15.6 units).

Conclusions
An association between hypoglycemic events and uncontrolled hypertension was found in this study.
Linear behavior in Covid19 epidemic as an effect of lockdown
Authors: Bambusi Dario , Ponno Antonio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe propose a mechanism explaining the approximately linear growth of Covid19 world total cases as well as the slow linear decrease of the daily new cases (and daily deaths) observed (in average) in USA and Italy. In our explanation, we regard a given population (the whole world or a single nation) as composed by many sub-clusters which, after lockdown, evolve essentially independently. The interaction is modeled by the fact that the outbreak time of the epidemic in a sub-cluster is a random variable with probability density slowly varying in time. The explanation is independent of the law according to which the epidemic evolves in the single sub cluster.
Promoting patients’ rights through hospital accreditation
Authors: Engel Carsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLegislation and accreditation standards both address patients’ rights. The two approaches differ in important ways; they should not be seen as competing but as complementing efforts. Laws define minimum standards, whereas accreditation standards describe optimal performance; laws focus on the rights, whereas accreditation standards also point out ways in which hospitals may act to deliver these rights, which both serves to help hospitals implementing the rights and to standardize the measures taken across hospitals. A recent Israeli study underpins this view, but also highlights that international accreditation standards and national legislation may differ, when it comes to the definition of the actual rights.
Relationship between patient ethnicity and prevalence of anemia during pregnancy and the puerperium period and compliance with healthcare recommendations - implications for targeted health policy
Authors: Yefet Enav , Yossef Avishag , Massalha Manal , Suleiman Abeer , Hatokay Aliza , Kamhine-Yefet Moria , Nachum Zohar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnemia is common during pregnancy and the puerperium. The association of ethnicity as well as other characteristics with anemia and compliance with healthcare recommendations has not been studied sufficiently and needs to be explored in order to implement a targeted health policy. We examined the association between ethnicity and the risk for prenatal and puerperium anemia and the compliance with healthcare recommendations. This effort aims to guide reforms in policies and practices that will assist in decreasing anemia prevalence in Israel.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study database including 1558 women who delivered vaginally at Emek Medical Center. Anemia was assessed before delivery by obtaining a complete blood count (CBC). After delivery, CBCs were taken in cases of postpartum hemorrhage, symptoms consistent with anemia, prenatal anemia or other clinical indications. The study population was divided according to their ethnicity (Jews and Arabs).The primary outcomes were anemia before delivery, anemia in the immediate postpartum and 6 weeks postpartum, and compliance with healthcare recommendations, which was defined as the rate of women who performed a routine CBC test 6-weeks-postpartum.ResultsThe rates of anemia before delivery and in the puerperium period were similar between Jews and Arabs (before delivery: 88 (11%) versus 98 (14%); 6 weeks postpartum: 55 (21%) vs 68 (28%), respectively;p > 0.05). Iron supplementation was high in both groups during pregnancy (~ 90%) and lower during the postpartum for Jews compared to Arabs (72% vs 83%,respectively;P < .0001). Only one third of the patients performed a CBC 6-weeks-postpartum regardless of ethnicity.ConclusionOverall compliance with health recommendation was high during pregnancy but low postpartum and was reflected in anemia persistence regardless of ethnicity.Because of the adverse long term impact of anemia on patient’s health, new policies need to be developed to improve patient’s compliance postpartum. A possible strategy is to combine the follow-up of the mother with the one of the newborn in the family health stations (Tipat Halav) and the community clinics similarly to the close follow-up during pregnancy. Additional methods may include active summoning for CBC test and assuring iron supplement consumption.
Stochastic and deterministic mathematical model of cholera disease dynamics with direct transmission
Authors: Tilahun Getachew Teshome , Woldegerima Woldegebriel Assefa , Wondifraw Aychew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper we develop a stochastic mathematical model of cholera disease dynamics by considering direct contact transmission pathway. The model considers four compartments, namely susceptible humans, infectious humans, treated humans, and recovered humans. Firstly, we develop a deterministic mathematical model of cholera. Since the deterministic model does not consider the randomness process or environmental factors, we converted it to a stochastic model. Then, for both types of models, the qualitative behaviors, such as the invariant region, the existence of a positive invariant solution, the two equilibrium points (disease-free and endemic equilibrium), and their stabilities (local as well as global stability) of the model are studied. Moreover, the basic reproduction numbers are obtained for both models and compared. From the comparison, we obtained that the basic reproduction number of the stochastic model is much smaller than that of the deterministic one, which means that the stochastic approach is more realistic. Finally, we performed sensitivity analysis and numerical simulations. The numerical simulation results show that reducing contact rate, improving treatment rate, and environmental sanitation are the most crucial activities to eradicate cholera disease from the community.
Coupled fixed point analysis in fuzzy cone metric spaces with an application to nonlinear integral equations
Authors: Chen Gui-Xiu , Jabeen Shamoona , Rehman Saif Ur , Khalil Ahmed Mostafa , Abbas Fatima , Kanwal Arzoo , Ullah Hayat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the concept of coupled type and cyclic coupled type fuzzy cone contraction mappings in fuzzy cone metric spaces. We establish some coupled fixed point results without the mixed monotone property, and also present some coupled fixed results using the partial order metric in the said space. We present some strong coupled fixed point theorems using cyclic coupled type fuzzy cone contraction mappings in fuzzy cone metric spaces. Moreover, we present an application of nonlinear integral equations for the existence of a unique solution to support our work.
Efficacy of universal preoperative decolonization with Polyhexanide in primary joint arthroplasty on surgical site infections. A multicenter before-and after-study
Authors: Wandhoff Björn , Schröder Christin , Nöth Ulrich , Krause Robert , Schmidt Burkhard , David Stephan , Scheller Eike-Eric , Jahn Friedrich , Behnke Michael , Gastmeier Petra , Kramer Tobias Siegfried 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Surgical site infections (SSI) are rare but severe complications after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Decolonization measures prior to elective orthopedic surgeries have shown to reduce the risk of SSI with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).

Objective
To determine the efficacy of universal decolonization with Polyhexanide on SSI rates with a focus on Staphylococcus aureus in patients with TJA.

Methods
Patients scheduled for elective hip or knee TJA in 5 participating certified orthopedic centers were included between 2015 and 2018 into this before and after study. Data on patients, surgeries and infections were prospectively collected. CDC-criteria were used to define and categorize Infections within 90 days after surgery. From January 2017 on, patients received decolonization sets containing Polyhexanide. Patients performed a 5 day decolonization regimen starting 4 days prior to surgery which included wipes, nasal decontamination and oral solution.

Results
Thirteen thousand, three hundred fifteen patients received TJA. During intervention 4437 decolonization sets were distributed among 7175 patients.
Overall SSI rates increased from 0.68 /100 surgeries to 0.91/ 100 surgeries after implementation of the intervention (IRR 1.32; 95% CI 0.90–1.96). Time series analysis identified an increasing trend of SSI prior to the intervention. After implementation overall SSI rates plateaued. Regression analysis revealed surgery during intervention period to be an independent risk factor for developing a SSI (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.18–1.53).
Initial SSI rates due to S. aureus were 0.24/100 surgeries and decreased to 0.14/100 surgeries (IRR 0.57; 95% CI 0.25–1.22) after introduction of decolonization. Regression analysis revealed surgery during intervention period to be an independent protective factor for developing a SSI with S. aureus (OR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.33–0.99).
Overall deep S. aureus SSI decreased significantly from 0.22/100 surgeries to 0.00/100 surgeries in patients adherent to protocol (IRR 0.00, 95% CI 0.00–.85).

Conclusion
Universal decolonization with Polyhexanide did not reduce overall surgical site infections, but was effective in reducing Staphylococcus aureus - surgical site infections following elective joint arthroplasty. Polyhexanide could extend the list of alternatives to already established decolonization strategies.

Trial registration

The trial was registered at the German Registry for clinical studies www.drks.de (DRKS00011505).
Eating disorders amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: a scoping review
Authors: Burt Adam , Mitchison Deborah , Doyle Kerrie , Hay Phillipa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians (Indigenous Australians) have poorer mental health compared to other Australians. Yet, there is a lack of research into mental disorders among this population, especially for eating disorders (ED), which are amongst the most lethal and debilitating mental disorders.

Aim
We aimed to answer 2 questions: 1. What is the volume and content of literature on ED among Indigenous Australians? 2. Has a screening or diagnostic tool/instrument been developed for the assessment of ED amongst Indigenous Australians?

Method
We conducted a scoping review of electronic databases (Pubmeb, Embase, PsychInfo, Proquest, Cochrane Library, Indigenous HealtInfoNet and Scopus), for studies addressing ED, body image, muscle dysmorphia, weight and shape concern among Indigenous Australians, as well as diagnostic and screening tools. All relevant studies were reviewed in full by 2 researchers. Narrative synthesis of the data was performed.

Results
There is limited evidence for ED among Indigenous Australians, however, the evidence available strongly suggests that ED are more common among Indigenous Australians compared to other Australians. Eating disorders among Indigenous Australians are also associated with high levels of overvaluation of weight and shape. The increased risk of ED among Indigenous Australians was largely explained by factors such as poorer psychosocial wellbeing. No evidence was found for the existence of validated diagnostic or screening tools for ED in Indigenous Australians.

Conclusion
The evidence suggests ED are common among Indigenous Australians, and there are no diagnostic or screening tools available to assist clinicians in assessing them. More research is required in this field, especially towards the development of a validated and culturally specific screening or diagnostic tool for ED among Indigenous Australians.
Presentations of tetramethylammonium hydroxide dermal exposure and the valuable potential of diphoterine solution in decontamination: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Huang Chih-Kang , Hall Alan H. , Wu Ming-Ling , Yang Chen-Chang , Hung Dong-Zong , Mao Yan-Chiao , Deng Jou-Fang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is a quaternary ammonium compound that is both a base corrosive and a cholinergic agonist, and it is widely used in the photoelectric and semiconductor industries. It causes corrosive skin injuries and systemic cholinergic toxicity with death primarily resulting from respiratory failure without efficacious early decontamination.

Methods
A retrospective observational study was performed of all cases of TMAH exposure reported to the Taiwan Poison Control Center between July 2010 and October 2017. Retrieved medical records were independently reviewed by two trained clinical toxicologists.

Results
Despite immediate (< 5 min) skin decontamination with copious amounts of tap water, one patient exposed to 25% TMAH involving ≥5% of total body surface area (TBSA) developed significant systemic toxicity. Patients exposed to 25% TMAH involving ≤1% TBSA developed first-degree chemical skin injuries but no systemic toxicity. Among patients exposed to lower concentrations (≤2.38%) of TMAH, the majority only experienced first-degree chemical skin injuries without systemic signs. Patients exposed to 0.5% TMAH involving nearly their entire TBSA developed no chemical skin injuries or systemic toxicity. All patients who had only first-degree chemical skin injuries did not develop systemic toxicity after exposure to either 2.38% or 25% TMAH.

Conclusions
TMAH acts as an alkaline corrosive and cholinergic agonist. Systemic signs attributable to TMA+ can rapidly lead to respiratory failure and death after dermal exposure. We have demonstrated that an amphoteric solution may be efficacious for skin decontamination on-site immediately to prevent or ameliorate such toxicity. This practice especially carries a valuable potential in managing victims (patients) who have been exposed to those chemicals with immediate life-threatening toxicity (e.g. TMAH), suggesting that its early utilization deserves further study.