bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicological alterations induced by subacute exposure of silver nanoparticles in Wistar rats
Authors: Nayek Subhayu , De Silva Imesha W. , Aguilar Roberto , Lund Amie K. , Verbeck Guido F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become crucial players in the field of medicine and various other industries. AgNPs have a wide array of applications, which includes production of electronic goods, cosmetics, synthesis of dyes, and printing inks, as well as targeted delivery of drugs to specialized cells inside the body. Even though humans readily come in contact with these particles, the organ‐specific accumulation and resulting mechanisms of toxicity induced by inhaled AgNPs are still under investigation. The goal of this study was to determine the organ distribution of inhaled AgNPs and investigate the resulting systemic toxicity. To do this, male Wistar rats were exposed by inhalation to AgNPs for 4 hr/day (200 parts per billion/day) for five consecutive days. The nanoparticles were generated using a laser ablation technique using a soft‐landing ion mobility (SLIM) instrument. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP‐MS) analysis showed organ‐specific accumulation of the nanoparticles, with the highest concentration present in the lungs, followed by the liver and kidneys. Nanoparticle distribution was characterized in the organs using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric (MALDI‐MS) imaging. Bone marrow cytotoxicity assay of the cells from the femur of rats showed micronuclei formation and signs of cellular cytotoxicity. Moreover, rats displayed increased levels of circulating lactate and glutathione disulphide (GSSG), as determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analysis. Collectively, our observations suggest that inhaled subacute exposure to AgNP results in accumulation of AgNPs in the lungs, liver, and kidneys, preferentially, as well as mediates induced systemic toxicity.
Indigenous and non‐Indigenous parents separated from their children and experiencing homelessness and mental illness in Canada
Authors: Caplan Rachel , Nelson Geoffrey , Distasio Jino , Isaak Corinne , Edel Betty , Piat Myra , Macnaughton Eric , Kirst Maritt , Patterson Michelle , Aubry Tim , Mulligan Susan , Goering Paula 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the parent–child experiences of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous mothers and fathers experiencing homelessness, mental illness, and separation from their children. A qualitative thematic analysis of baseline and 18‐month follow‐up narrative interviews was used to compare 12 mothers (n = 8 Indigenous and n = 4 nonindigenous) with 24 fathers (n = 13 Indigenous and n = 11 non‐Indigenous). First, it was found that children are more central in the lives of mothers than fathers. Second, Indigenous parents' narratives were characterized by interpersonal and systemic violence, racism and trauma, and cultural disconnection, but also more cultural healing resources. Third, an intersectional analysis showed that children were peripheral in the lives of non‐Indigenous fathers, and most central to the identities of Indigenous mothers. Gender identity, Indigenous, and intersectional theories are used to interpret the findings. Implications for future theory, research, and culturally relevant intervention are discussed.
Impact of variant reclassification in the clinical setting of cardiovascular genetics
Authors: VanDyke Rebecca E. , Hashimoto Sayaka , Morales Ana , Pyatt Robert E. , Sturm Amy C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenetic testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) has advanced over the past ten years, but these advancements have posed new challenges in variant classification. To address these challenges, ACMG/AMP published guidelines for variant interpretation in 2015. This study aimed to determine what impact these guidelines have on variant classification in clinical cardiovascular genetics. A retrospective chart review identified patients who underwent clinical genetic testing and had a variant identified in a gene associated with CVD. For each variant, systematic evidence review was performed and ACMG guidelines were applied for classification. These classifications were compared to those provided on patients’ genetic test reports. This study identified 223 unique variants in 237 patients. Seventy‐nine (35%) of the variants had classifications that differed from their clinical reports. Twenty‐eight (35%) of these reclassifications would have changed medical management recommendations for 38 patients. Application of these guidelines resulted in reclassification for approximately one‐third of the variants in this study. Clinicians can have a more active role in the process of variant classification. Variant classifications should be updated over time in the clinical CVD setting due to the impact reclassifications can have on clinical screening recommendations.
The impact of prior malignancies on the development of second malignancies and survival in follicular lymphoma: A population‐based study
Authors: Dinnessen Manette A.W. , Visser Otto , Tonino Sanne H. , van der Poel Marjolein W.M. , Blijlevens Nicole M.A. , Kersten Marie José , Lugtenburg Pieternella J. , Dinmohamed Avinash G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe assessed the impact of a prior malignancy diagnosis (PMD) – as a potential proxy for genetic cancer susceptibility – on the development of a second primary malignancy (SPM) and mortality in follicular lymphoma (FL) patients. From the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry, we selected all adult FL patients diagnosed in 1994‐2012 (n = 8028) and PMDs and SPMs relative to FL, with follow‐up until 2017. We constructed two Fine and Gray models – with death as a competing risk – to assess the association between a PMD and SPM incidence. A PMD was associated with an increased incidence of SPMs (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03‐1.64) – especially carcinomas of the respiratory tract (SHR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.10‐3.05) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SHR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.01‐2.45) – and a higher risk of mortality in a multivariable model (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.71). However, when additionally adjusted for the receipt of systemic therapy and/or radiotherapy before FL diagnosis, only patients who received such therapies had an increased incidence of SPMs (SHR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.93). In conclusion, patients with a PMD had a higher rate of SPMs and mortality than those without a PMD, which might have resulted from therapy‐related carcinogenesis.
The application of analytic hierarchy process to implement collaborative governance process: The allocation of the urban structural funds in the city of Madrid
Authors: Losada Maestre Roberto , Sánchez Medero Rubén , Berlanga de Jesús Antonio , Molina López José Manuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLocal governments dispose of powerful tools like development funds that can be distributed among its different constituents to compensate economic disequilibrium originated by a complex array of factors. But it is always one of the hardest decisions to assign handouts to people who could think its own expectations are not being taken properly into account. Each stakeholder has different criteria to evaluate his needs, and to demand a particular investment effort. Since resources are very limited in local levels, city hall governments are pulled apart by those conflicting demands. The challenge of addressing them at the same time can be modelled as a multi‐criteria decision‐making. The aim of this paper is to show that the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) could work out the most acceptable distribution of the funds among the different city districts and neighbourhoods. The application of the model in Madrid shows that AHP: (a) allows to incorporate opposing demands; (b) increases the transparency of the decision‐making process; (c) eases the decentralization of governmental decisions; (d) enhances the legitimation of the final outcome; and (e) it is a scientific approach with great potential to be applied in similar domains where hard political decisions are needed.
Compound heterozygous loss of function variants in MYL9 in a child with megacystis–microcolon–intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome
Authors: Kandler Justin L. , Sklirou Evgenia , Woerner Audrey , Walsh Leslie , Cox Eleina , Xue Yuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMegacystis–microcolon–intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS), or “visceral myopathy,” is a severe early onset disorder characterized by impaired muscle contractility in the bladder and intestines. Five genes are linked to MMIHS: primarily ACTG2, but also LMOD1, MYH11, MYLK, and MYL9. Here we describe a three‐year‐old girl with bilateral hydronephrosis diagnosed at 20 weeks gestation and congenital mydriasis (both of which have been previously observed among individuals with MMIHS). A clinical diagnosis of MMIHS was made based upon the presence of megacystis, lack of urinary bladder peristalsis, and intestinal pseudo‐obstruction. After initial testing of ACTG2 was negative, further sequencing and deletion/duplication testing was performed on the LMOD1, MYH11,MYLK, and MYL9 genes. We identified two heterozygous loss of function variants in MYL9: an exon 4 deletion and a nine base pair deletion that removes the canonical splicing donor site at exon 2 (NM_006097.5:c.184+2_184+10del). Parental testing confirmed these variants to be in trans in our proband. To our knowledge, only one other individual with MMIHS has biallelic mutations in MYL9 (a homozygous deletion encompassing exon 4). We suggest MYL9 be targeted on genetic testing panels for MMIHS, smooth muscle myopathies, and cardiovascular phenotypes.
Voxel carving‐based 3D reconstruction of sorghum identifies genetic determinants of light interception efficiency
Authors: Gaillard Mathieu , Miao Chenyong , Schnable James C. , Benes Bedrich 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChanges in canopy architecture traits have been shown to contribute to yield increases. Optimizing both light interception and light interception efficiency of agricultural crop canopies will be essential to meeting the growing food needs. Canopy architecture is inherently three‐dimensional (3D), but many approaches to measuring canopy architecture component traits treat the canopy as a two‐dimensional (2D) structure to make large scale measurement, selective breeding, and gene identification logistically feasible. We develop a high throughput voxel carving strategy to reconstruct 3D representations of sorghum from a small number of RGB photos. Our approach builds on the voxel carving algorithm to allow for fully automatic reconstruction of hundreds of plants. It was employed to generate 3D reconstructions of individual plants within a sorghum association population at the late vegetative stage of development. Light interception parameters estimated from these reconstructions enabled the identification of known and previously unreported loci controlling light interception efficiency in sorghum. The approach is generalizable and scalable, and it enables 3D reconstructions from existing plant high throughput phenotyping datasets. We also propose a set of best practices to increase 3D reconstructions’ accuracy.
Tetraamminecopper Perchlorate (TACP): Explosive Properties
Authors: Vodochodský Ondřej , Künzel Martin , Matyáš Robert , Kučera Jinřich , Pachman Jiri 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTetraamminecopper perchlorate (TACP) is one of the most interesting explosive copper perchlorate‐ammonia complexes. Despite the fact that this complex has been known for more than 100 years there is very little information in the literature about its detonation parameters. Impact sensitivity of TACP is slightly higher than that for PETN while friction sensitivity is between those for PETN and RDX. Detonation velocity for infinite diameter is 3230 m s−1 (density 0.9 g cm−3). Critical diameter of TACP is low – less than 2 mm. Based on the heat of combustion measurement the previously published erroneous enthalpy of formation was corrected to −496 kJ mol−1. Detonation heat of TACP is 4322 kJ kg−1 and Gurney velocity is 1536 m s−1. Experimentally measured detonation parameters of TACP were also compared with theoretically calculated values by the EXPLO5 code.
Enhancing island tourism's local benefits: A proposed community‐based tourism‐oriented general model
Authors: Dłużewska Anna , Giampiccoli Andrea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a general community‐based tourism (CBT)‐oriented framework that could be used as a guideline by policymakers dealing with tourism development in small islands. It investigates fundamental issues related to tourism and advances possible solutions utilizing a specific form of alternative tourism within a sustainable tourism context that considers the well‐being of the local population, especially the disadvantaged sector of society. As such, the article captures recurrent critical issues relating to tourism and proposes a model that represents various elements to consider when drafting policies. It emphasizes ecotourism that has long been considered the most sustainable form of tourism. Some of the findings and characteristics of the model could be useful for remote destinations in general.
A closed form procedure for the design of longitudinal bars in RC sections subjected to axial load and biaxial bending
Authors: Papia Maurizio , Minafò Giovanni 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical procedure for the design of the longitudinal reinforcement in reinforced concrete rectangular sections subjected to axial load and biaxial bending moment. The integration of the equilibrium equations is performed in analytical form for the case of uniaxial moment, including the effect of the reinforcement placed on the sides of the section and adopting code‐based constitutive laws for steel and concrete. The strength domain of the section is calculated in closed form for the case of only main steel and in simplified form when including the reinforcement disposed on the side. Additionally, a formulation is proposed for the interaction domain of the two components of the bending moment for constant axial load, in which the uniaxial moment capacities are calculated including all the rebars within the section. The proposed method is adopted for setting a design procedure of the steel bars of rectangular sections subjected to biaxial bending. Comparisons with numerical results and code provisions show the reliability of the approach, which reduces computational costs and give useful indications for practitioners and designers.
Sequence analysis of wheat subtelomeres reveals a high polymorphism among homoeologous chromosomes
Authors: Aguilar Miguel , Prieto Pilar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBread wheat,Triticum aestivumL., is one of the most important crops in the world. Understanding its genome organization (allohexaploid; AABBDD; 2n = 6x = 42) is essential for geneticists and plant breeders. Particularly, the knowledge of how homologous chromosomes (equivalent chromosomes from the same genome) specifically recognize each other to pair at the beginning of meiosis, the cellular process to generate gametes in sexually reproducing organisms, is fundamental for plant breeding and has a big influence on the fertility of wheat plants. Initial homologous chromosome interactions contribute to specific recognition and pairing between homologues at the onset of meiosis. Understanding the molecular basis of these critical processes can help to develop genetic tools in a breeding context to promote interspecific chromosome associations in hybrids or interspecific genetic crosses to facilitate the transfer of desirable agronomic traits from related species into a crop like wheat. The terminal regions of chromosomes, which include telomeres and subtelomeres, participate in chromosome recognition and pairing. We present a detailed molecular analysis of subtelomeres of wheat chromosome arms 1AS, 4AS, 7AS, 7BS and 7DS. Results showed a high polymorphism in the subtelomeric region among homoeologues (equivalent chromosomes from related genomes) for all the features analyzed, including genes, transposable elements, repeats, GC content, predicted CpG islands, recombination hotspots and targeted sequence motifs for relevant DNA‐binding proteins. These polymorphisms might be the molecular basis for the specificity of homologous recognition and pairing in initial chromosome interactions at the beginning of meiosis in wheat.
Spectral X‐ray computed micro tomography: 3‐dimensional chemical imaging
Authors: Sittner Jonathan , Godinho Jose R. A. , Renno Axel D. , Cnudde Veerle , Boone Marijn , De Schryver Thomas , Van Loo Denis , Merkulova Margarita , Roine Antti , Liipo Jussi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present a new approach to 3‐dimensional chemical imaging based on X‐ray computed micro tomography (CT), which enables the analysis of the internal elemental chemistry. The method uses a conventional laboratory‐based CT scanner equipped with a semiconductor detector (CdTe). Based on the X‐ray absorption spectra, elements in a sample can be distinguished by their specific K‐edge energy. The capabilities and performance of this new approach are illustrated with different experiments, i.e. single pure element particle measurements, element differentiation in mixtures, and mineral differentiation in a natural rock sample. The results show that the method can distinguish elements with K‐edges in the range of 20 to 160 keV, this corresponds to an element range from Ag to U. Furthermore, the spectral information allows a distinction between materials, which show little variation in contrast in the reconstructed CT image.
Large neutrino magnetic moments in the light of recent experiments
Authors: Babu K. S. , Jana Sudip , Lindner Manfred 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The excess in electron recoil events reported recently by the XENON1T experiment may be interpreted as evidence for a sizable transition magnetic moment $$ {\mu}_{v_e{v}_{\mu }} $$

μ

v
e

v
μ

of Majorana neutrinos. We show the consistency of this scenario when a single component transition magnetic moment takes values $$ {\mu}_{v_e{v}_{\mu }}\in \left(1.65-3.42\right)\times {10}^{-11}{\mu}_B $$

μ

v
e

v
μ

∈

1.65
−
3.42

×

10

−
11

μ
B

. Such a large value typically leads to unacceptably large neutrino masses. In this paper we show that new leptonic symmetries can solve this problem and demonstrate this with several examples. We first revive and then propose a simplified model based on SU(2)H horizontal symmetry. Owing to the difference in their Lorentz structures, in the SU(2)H symmetric limit, mν vanishes while $$ {\mu}_{v_e{v}_{\mu }} $$

μ

v
e

v
μ

is nonzero. Our simplified model is based on an approximate SU(2)H, which we also generalize to a three family SU(3)H-symmetry. Collider and low energy tests of these models are analyzed. We have also analyzed implications of the XENON1T data for the Zee model and its extensions which naturally generate a large $$ {\mu}_{v_e{v}_{\mu }} $$

μ

v
e

v
μ

with suppressed mν via a spin symmetry mechanism, but found that the induced $$ {\mu}_{v_e{v}_{\mu }} $$

μ

v
e

v
μ

is not large enough to explain recent data. Finally, we suggest a mechanism to evade stringent astrophysical limits on neutrino magnetic moments arising from stellar evolution by inducing a medium-dependent mass for the neutrino.
On TCS G2 manifolds and 4D emergent strings
Authors: Xu Fengjun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this note, we study the Swampland Distance Conjecture in TCS G2 manifold compactifications of M-theory. In particular, we are interested in testing a refined version — the Emergent String Conjecture, in settings with 4d N = 1 supersymmetry. We find that a weakly coupled, tensionless fundamental heterotic string does emerge at the infinite distance limit characterized by shrinking the K3-fiber in a TCS G2 manifold. Such a fundamental tensionless string leads to the parametrically leading infinite tower of asymptotically massless states, which is in line with the Emergent String Conjecture. The tensionless string, however, receives quantum corrections. We check that these quantum corrections do modify the volume of the shrinking K3-fiber via string duality and hence make the string regain a non-vanishing tension at the quantum level, leading to a decompactification. Geometrically, the quantum corrections modify the metric of the classical moduli space and are expected to obstruct the infinite distance limit. We also comment on another possible type of infinite distance limit in TCS G2 compactifications, which might lead to a weakly coupled fundamental type II string theory.
Evaluation of the effects of the metal foams geometrical features on thermal and fluid-dynamical behavior in forced convection
Authors: Almonti D. , Baiocco G. , Mingione Emanuele , Ucciardello N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetal foams are a material, featuring interesting characteristics for the aeronautical and automotive fields because of their low specific weight, high thermal properties, and mechanical performances. In particular, this paper deals with thermal and fluid dynamic study of 24 open-cell aluminum EN43500 (AlSi10MnMg) metal foams produced by indirect additive manufacturing (I-AM), combining 3D printing and metal casting to obtain a controllable morphology. A study of foam behavior function of the morphological features (pores per inch (PPI), branch thickness (r), and edges morphology (smooth-regular)) was performed. The samples produced were heated by radiation and tested in an open wind circuit gallery to measure the fluid dynamic properties such as pressure drop (Δp), inertial coefficient (f), and permeability (k), in an air forced convection flow. The thermal characterization was performed evaluating both the theoretical (kth) and effective (keff) thermal conductivity of the foams. Also, the global heat transfer coefficient (HTCglobal) was evaluated with different airflow rates. Analysis of variance (ANoVA) was performed to figure out which geometrical parameters are significant during both thermal and fluid dynamic processes. The results obtained show how the controllable foam morphology can affect the involved parameters, leading to an ad hoc design for industrial applications that require high thermo-fluid-dynamical performances.
Student evaluation of teaching, social influence dynamics, and teachers’ choices: An evolutionary model
Authors: Antoci Angelo , Brunetti Irene , Sacco Pierluigi , Sodini Mauro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe issue of Student Evaluation of Teaching has been explored by a large literature across many decades. However, the role of social influence factors in determining teachers’ responses to a given incentive and evaluation framework has been left basically unexplored. This paper makes a first attempt in this vein by considering an evolutionary game-theoretic context where teachers face a two-stage process in which their rating depends on both students’ evaluation of their course and on retrospective students’ evaluation of their teaching output in view of students’ performance in a related follow-up course. We find that both high effort (difficult course offered) and low effort (easy course offered) outcomes may emerge, leading either to a socially optimal outcome for teachers or not, according to cases. Moreover, there may be a potential conflict between the optimal outcome for students and for teachers. We also consider possible ways to generalize our model in future research.