bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Queueing Model and Analysis for Autonomous Vehicles on Highways
Authors: Mirzaeian Neda , Cho Soo-Haeng , Scheller-Wolf Alan 
Published: October 2020

We investigate the effects of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on highway congestion. AVs have the potential to significantly reduce highway congestion because they can maintain smaller intervehicle gaps and travel together in larger platoons than human-driven vehicles (HVs). Various policies have been proposed to regulate AV travel on highways, yet no in-depth comparison of these policies exists. To address this shortcoming, we develop a queueing model for a multilane highway and analyze two policies: the designated-lane policy (“D policy”), under which one lane is designated to AVs, and the integrated policy (“I policy”), under which AVs travel together with HVs in all lanes. We connect the service rate to intervehicle gaps (governed by a Markovian arrival process) and congestion, and measure the performance using mean travel time and throughput. Our analysis shows that although the I policy performs at least as well as a benchmark case with no AVs, the D policy outperforms the benchmark only when the highway is heavily congested and AVs constitute the majority of vehicles; in such a case, this policy may outperform the I policy only in terms of throughput. These findings caution against recent industry and government proposals that the D policy should be employed at the beginning of the mass appearance of AVs. Finally, we calibrate our model to data and show that for highly congested highways, a moderate number of AVs can make a substantial improvement (e.g., 22% AVs can improve throughput by 30%), and when all vehicles are AVs, throughput can be increased by over 400%. This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management.
Analysis of Corn Dust Particle Properties and How Surface Roughness Influences Adhesion
Authors: Plumier Benjamin M. , Zhao Yumeng , Casada Mark E. , Maghirang Ronaldo G. , Ambrose R. P. Kingsly 
Published: October 2020

HighlightsFreshly harvested, higher quality corn samples have a higher proportion of small dust particles with a lower circularity and aspect ratio compared to older, lower quality samples.For freshly harvested grain, dust particles removed at low centrifuge speed were significantly rougher than particles removed at high speed.Lower quality corn did not show a significant decrease in particle roughness for strongly attached dust.The surface area decreased while the surface energy increased with the attachment strength of dust particles.Abstract. High dust concentrations associated with grain handling can cause serious problems, including health and safety risks from dust inhalation and increased risk of explosions due to contained suspended dust in the presence of an ignition source. The amount of dust generated during grain handling is influenced by several factors, including the adhesion strength of dust to the grain. One factor that could influence the adhesion strength of grain dusts is how the dust particles are shaped and how their shape relates to the surface texture of corn. To better understand the properties of dust particles separated from corn samples, dust samples were analyzed for morphology and particle size. In addition, dust samples were separated with different centrifugation speeds to compare the properties of dusts that were strongly or weakly attached to the grain. These samples were observed with a light profilometer to measure their surface roughness characteristics. Results showed that freshly harvested corn samples contained a higher presence of small particles with low circularity than older, lower quality samples. The large particles observed were determined to be starch, as opposed to the smaller particles that were more likely soil or other non-plant-based material. The dust particles that were more strongly attached to corn kernels tended to have lower surface roughness than those that were weakly attached for the freshly harvested grain. Keywords: Dust adhesion, Particle shape, Surface adhesion, Surface roughness.
Surgical site infection after digestive surgery in a single tertiary hospital in Indonesia: six years of data
Authors: Syaiful Ridho Ardhi , Mazni Yarman , Prasetyo Muhamad Luthfi , Lalisang Toar Jean Maurice 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND Surgical site infection (SSI) is responsible for increasing cost, morbidity, and mortality related to surgical operations, and has continued to be a significant problem even in hospitals with advanced facilities. This study aimed to describe the SSI among patients after digestive surgery.
METHODS From 2012 to 2017, all abdominal surgeries with SSI in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, except obstetrics and gynecology cases, were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, nutritional status, preoperative and intraoperative conditions, wound contamination/SSI type, and mortality data were reported.
RESULTS From 4,893 abdominal surgeries during the period, 135 subjects (2.8%) developed SSI with 42.2% of cases were the clean-contaminated type. Most of the cases were males (66.7%), aged between 2565 years old (80.0%), subjective goal assessment B (46.7%), had normal weight (57.8%), had longer duration of surgery (70.4%), and had preoperative stay between 215 days (65.2%). Most of the SSI patients survived (77.8%).
CONCLUSIONS Even though the SSI in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital was low, it still needs improvement in preoperative care, intraoperative care, and SSI awareness. Therefore, further studies are required to understand how to reduce the incidence, risk, and SSI-related mortality.
A randomized, controlled, cross-over study of the safety and efficacy of superabsorbent diaper for babies with mild-to-moderate diaper rash
Authors: Diana Inne Arline , Gondokaryono Srie Prihianti , Sugito Titi Lestari , Lokanata Maya Devita , Agustin Triana , Rahmayunita Githa , Maharani Indah , Shoraya Nanny , Toyoshima Haruko , Yunaidi Danang Agung 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND Super-absorbent diaper is a disposable diaper with new technology which has a soft-airy structure, breathable sheet, and rich absorbent core. This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of super-absorbent diaper with standard absorbent diaper.
METHODS A single-blinded, randomized, controlled, cross-over study was performed in 324 months babies. A safety study was performed in 113 babies without diaper rash (group A: super-absorbent to standard and B: standard to super-absorbent) and efficacy study in 59 babies with mild-to-moderate diaper rash (group C: super-absorbent to standard and D: standard to super-absorbent). Each group used super-absorbent or standard diaper for 2 weeks. Skin assessment scores (SAS) were recorded at baseline, week-2, and week-4. Non-parametric tests were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS In the safety study, there was no significant increase of SAS in group A at week-2 and -4, but in group B there was a significant increase of SAS (1.9 to 4.1, p = 0.001) at week-2 with a significant reduction at week-4 (4.1 to 2.2, p<0.001). In the efficacy study, there was a reduction of SAS at week-2 in group C (p = 0.07) and D (p = 0.05). However, SAS increased in group C (6.4 to 8.3, p = 0.2) and decreased in group D (8.6 to 6.1, p = 0.13) at week-4. Super-absorbent diaper showed a significant reduction of SAS in the pubic areas (1.43 to 0.73, p<0.011).
CONCLUSIONS The new super-absorbent diaper is safe to use and may have efficacy in the improvement of skin conditions and diaper rash, especially in the pubic areas.
Suppression of decoherence tied to electron–phonon coupling in telecom-compatible quantum dots: low-threshold reappearance regime for quantum state inversion
Authors: Ramachandran A. , Wilbur G. R. , O’Neal S. , Deppe D. G. , Hall K. C. 
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate suppression of dephasing tied to deformation potential
coupling of confined electrons to longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons
in optical control experiments on large semiconductor quantum dots
(QDs) with emission compatible with the low-dispersion
telecommunications band at 1.3 µm. By exploiting the sensitivity of
the electron–phonon spectral density to the size and shape of the QD,
we demonstrate a fourfold reduction in the threshold pulse area
required to enter the decoupled regime for exciton inversion using
adiabatic rapid passage (ARP). Our calculations of the quantum state
dynamics indicate that the symmetry of the QD wave function provides
an additional means to engineer the electron–phonon interaction. Our
findings will support the development of solid-state quantum emitters
in future distributed quantum networks using semiconductor QDs.
Strain measurement range enhanced chirped pulse φ-OTDR for distributed static and dynamic strain measurement based on random fiber grating array
Authors: Wang Yuan , Lu Ping , Mihailov Stephen , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi 
Published: October 2020

A high-performance distributed sensing system based on a random fiber grating array (RFGA) and multi-frequency database demodulation (MFDD) method for strain induced delay time measurement is demonstrated. It enables a wide measurement range for both static and dynamic strain sensing. The proposed MFDD method can enlarge the strain measurement range, since the large strain variation induced time domain trace distortion could be compensated for by laser initial frequency changes. Furthermore, a random fiber grating made with embedded large random refractive index changes along the single-mode fiber could provide a stable reflection with a wide reflection spectrum range. Such a structure successfully improves the time delay measurement precision and achieves a large tuning range, as demonstrated by the database in which a set of pre-recorded undisturbed reflected Rayleigh traces form RFGA at various laser frequencies. Ultimately, a dynamic strain with a peak-to-peak value of

12.5

µ
ε

at a vibration frequency of 50 Hz is accurately reconstructed when the pulse repetition rate is 1 kHz, which was not detected using a conventional chirped pulse phase-sensitive optical frequency domain reflectometers. The maximum measurable strain variation of about

12.5

µ
ε

represents a factor of 3 improvement. This number is limited by a pre-recorded frequency scanning range of RFGA response in the database.
Quantum random number generation based on spontaneous Raman scattering in standard single-mode fiber
Authors: Hu Ying-Ying , Lin Xing , Wang Shuang , Geng Jia-Qi , Yin Zhen-Qiang , Chen Wei , He De-Yong , Huang Wei , Xu Bing-Jie , Guo Guang-Can , Han Zheng-Fu 
Published: October 2020

We investigate quantum random number generation based on backward spontaneous Raman scattering in standard single-mode fiber, where the randomness of photon wavelength superposition and arrival time is simultaneously utilized. The experiment uses four avalanche photodiodes working in gated Geiger mode to detect backward Raman scattering photons from four different wavelength channels and a time-to-digital converter placed behind the detectors to record their arrival time. Both information of the wavelength and arrival time interval of photons from different channels are applied to generate random bits. Due to the independence of these two entropy sources, the random number resource of the present system is fully utilized. Five-bit raw data can be obtained for every effective click, which contains 2.87-bit min-entropy. To obtain the optimal generation rate of random bits, appropriate pump power and fiber length are adopted. The post-processing method by the SHA-256 hashing algorithm is used to remove the bias of the raw data, after which the final random bit sequences pass the NIST statistical test.
Ground fused silica processed by combined chemical etching and CO2 laser polishing with super-smooth surface and high damage resistance
Authors: Cao Zhen , Wei Chaoyang , Cheng Xin , Zhao Yuanan , Peng Xiaocong , Jiang Zhigang , Shao Jianda 
Published: October 2020

Laser damage in fused silica, particularly ultraviolet laser damage, is still a key problem limiting the development of high-power laser systems. In this Letter, a combined process of chemical etching and

C
O

2

laser polishing was applied to ground fused silica. A super-smooth surface with a root-mean-square roughness of 0.25 nm was achieved through this combined process. Furthermore, the combined process can reduce the introduction of photoactive metal impurity elements, destructive defects, and chemical-structure defects, resulting in a 0% probability damage threshold nearly 33% higher than a conventional chemical mechanical polished sample for a 7.6 ns pulse at a wavelength of 355 nm.
Soft x-ray microscopy with 7 nm resolution
Authors: Rösner Benedikt , Finizio Simone , Koch Frieder , Döring Florian , Guzenko Vitaliy A. , Langer Manuel , Kirk Eugenie , Watts Benjamin , Meyer Markus , Loroña Ornelas Joshua , Späth Andreas , Stanescu Stefan , Swaraj Sufal , Belkhou Rachid , Ishikawa Takashi , Keller Thomas F. , Gross Boris , Poggio Martino , Fink Rainer H. , Raabe Jörg , Kleibert Armin , David Christian 
Published: October 2020

The availability of intense soft x-ray beams with tunable energy and polarization has pushed the development of highly sensitive, element-specific, and noninvasive microscopy techniques to investigate condensed matter with high spatial and temporal resolution. The short wavelengths of soft x-rays promise to reach spatial resolutions in the deep single-digit nanometer regime, providing unprecedented access to magnetic phenomena at fundamental length scales. Despite considerable efforts in soft x-ray microscopy techniques, a two-dimensional resolution of 10 nm has not yet been surpassed in direct imaging. Here, we report on a significant step beyond this long-standing limit by combining newly developed soft x-ray Fresnel zone plate lenses with advanced precision in scanning control and careful optical design. With this approach, we achieve an image resolution of 7 nm. By combining this highly precise microscopy technique with the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism effect, we reveal dimensionality effects in an ensemble of interacting magnetic nanoparticles. Such effects are topical in current nanomagnetism research and highlight the opportunities of high-resolution soft x-ray microscopy in magnetism research and beyond.
Speculative Bibliography
Authors: Cordell Ryan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article proposes speculative bibliography as an experimental approach to the digitised archive, in which textual associations are constituted propositionally, iteratively, and (sometimes) temporarily, as the result of probabilistic computational models. Speculative bibliography is offered as a complement to digital scholarly editing, and as a direct response to the challenges of scale and labour that will make comprehensive editing of digital archives impossible. Rather than acting on specific, individual texts, a speculative bibliography enacts a scholarly theory of the text through a computational model, reorganising the archive to evidence a particular idea of textual relation or interaction. Such models, in which textual relationships are determined by formal, internal textual structures, constitute bibliographic arguments that can be verified, amended, extended, or contested on either humanistic or computational grounds.
Influence of the perceived size of a light source on non-visual effects in humans
Authors: Niemeyer Arvid , Rottmair Lucia , Neumann Cornelius , Möckel Cornelius 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Light not only enables humans to perceive their surroundings, but also influences their sleep–wake cycle, mood, concentration and performance. Targeted use of these so called nonvisual effects could also have a positive contribution in automobiles by keeping passengers alert, minimizing error rates or bootsting attention in general. Since construction space in vehicle interios is scarce, this study compared the influence of differently-sized light panels and thus solid angles on nonvisual effects. In a counterbalanced order, 32 volunteers were exposed to three lighting conditions in the morning: baseline (12 lx, 2200 K), small (200 lx, 6500 K, 0.05 sr) and large (200 lx, 6500 K, 0.44 sr). During each session of 60 min, alertness, concentration and working memory were assessed before and during light exposure. After data analysis no significant main effects of light, measurement point or interaction between light and measurement point could be seen.
Development of a certified reference material for anti-β2-glycoprotein I IgG – commutability studies
Authors: Monogioudi Evanthia , Martos Gustavo , Sheldon Joanna , Meroni Pier Luigi , Trapmann Stefanie , Zegers Ingrid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
In this paper, we describe the steps followed for the development of a certified reference material for immunoglobulin G antibodies against β2-glycoprotein I (also known as apolipoprotein H). These steps include processing of the material, commutability, the impact of dilution, the appropriate reconstitution conditions, homogeneity and stability during transport and storage.

Methods
We analysed 69 clinical samples from patients suffering from antiphospholipid syndrome with several commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) purchased from in vitro diagnostic manufacturers.

Results
Analysis of the results indicated that the candidate reference material can be safely freeze-dried, and that the user should carefully follow the reconstitution instructions as small changes in e.g. temperature may have unwanted effects. The statistical analysis of the commutability studies indicated that the analytical response of the reference material upon dilution is similar to that of clinical samples, and that correlation between results may differ from assay to assay. Finally yet importantly, the presented and developed candidate reference material is commutable for most assays tested, homogeneous and stable.

Conclusions
Immunoglobulin G antibodies against β2-glycoprotein I are associated with a higher risk of thrombosis and pregnancy complications. Their measurement is essential for the diagnosis and monitoring of antiphospholipid syndrome. These antibodies are detected by specific immunoassays, routinely used in clinical diagnostics, but various of these methods show enormous variability, in part due to the lack of a reference material.
Being safe and productive in this modern world
Authors: Hartshorn Richard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
I think it is fair to say that 2020 is a year when personal safety is something of a preoccupation. The Covid-19 pandemic is currently ravaging the world, and it seems inescapable that by the time this article goes to press there will be many thousands more deaths, and countless more infected and sick. As individuals, communities, and countries, we will rightly be focused on staying safe and reducing the chances of exposure and infection.
Optimal tuning of PID controller in time delay system: a review on various optimization techniques
Authors: George Thomas , Ganesan V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The processes which contain at least one pole at the origin are known as integrating systems. The process output varies continuously with time at certain speed when they are disturbed from the equilibrium operating point by any environment disturbance/change in input conditions and thus they are considered as non-self-regulating. In most occasions this phenomenon is very disadvantageous and dangerous. Therefore it is always a challenging task to efficient control such kind of processes. Depending upon the number of poles present at the origin and also on the location of other poles in transfer function different types of integrating systems exist. Stable first order plus time delay systems with an integrator (FOPTDI), unstable first order plus time delay systems with an integrator (UFOPTDI), pure integrating plus time delay (PIPTD) systems and double integrating plus time delay (DIPTD) systems are the classifications of integrating systems. By using a well-controlled positioning stage the advances in micro and nano metrology are inevitable in order satisfy the need to maintain the product quality of miniaturized components. As proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are very simple to tune, easy to understand and robust in control they are widely implemented in many of the chemical process industries. In industries this PID control is the most common control algorithm used and also this has been universally accepted in industrial control. In a wide range of operating conditions the popularity of PID controllers can be attributed partly to their robust performance and partly to their functional simplicity which allows engineers to operate them in a simple, straight forward manner. One of the accepted control algorithms by the process industries is the PID control. However, in order to accomplish high precision positioning performance and to build a robust controller tuning of the key parameters in a PID controller is most inevitable. Therefore, for PID controllers many tuning methods are proposed. the main factors that lead to lifetime reduction in gain loss of PID parameters are described in This paper and also the main methods used for gain tuning based on optimization approach analysis is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each one are outlined and some future directions for research are analyzed.
Differentiating solid breast masses: comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of shear wave elastography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Farghadani Maryam , Barikbin Rozbeh , Rezaei Mostafa Haji , Hekmatnia Ali , Aalinezhad Marzieh , Zare Hosein 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Shear wave elastography (SWE) quantitatively determines the nature of the breast lesions. Few previous studies have compared the diagnostic value of this modality with other imaging techniques. The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of SWE with that of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting the nature of the breast masses.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 80 patients with breast lumps who had Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) score of three or higher based on mammography and/or screening ultrasonography, underwent 3D SWE and MRI. The lesions were classified according to MRI BI-RADS scoring; Mean elasticity (Emean) and elasticity ratio (Eratio) for each lesion were also determined by SWE. The results of these two modalities were compared with histopathologic diagnosis as the gold standard method; diagnostic value and diagnostic agreement were then calculated.

Results
Of the masses, 46.2% were histopathologically proven to be malignant. The Emean for benign and malignant masses was 34.04 ± 19.51 kPa and 161.92 ± 58.14 kPa, respectively. Both modalities had diagnostic agreement with histopathologic results (p<0.001). Kappa coefficient was 0.87 for SWE and 0.42 for MRI. The sensitivity of both methods was 94.59% (95% CI: 81.81–99.34), while the specificity and accuracy were 48.84% [95% CI: 33.31–64.54] and 70.0% [95% CI: 58.72–79.74] for MRI, and 93.02% [95% CI: 80.94–98.54] and 93.75% [95% CI: 86.01–97.94] for SWE.

Conclusions
SWE has better diagnostic value in terms of determining the nature of the breast masses. SWE can increase the diagnostic function of differentiating benign masses from malignant ones.