bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine-scale tracking of wild waterfowl and their impact on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, 2014–2015
Authors: Lee Kyuyoung , Yu Daesung , Martínez-López Beatriz , Yoon Hachung , Kang Sung-Il , Hong Seong-Keun , Lee Ilseob , Kang Yongmyung , Jeong Wooseg , Lee Eunesub 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWild migratory waterfowl are considered one of the most important reservoirs and long-distance carriers of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Our study aimed to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of wild migratory waterfowl’s wintering habitat in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and to evaluate the impact of these habitats on the risk of HPAI outbreaks in commercial poultry farms. The habitat use of 344 wild migratory waterfowl over four migration cycles was estimated based on tracking records. The association of habitat use with HPAI H5N8 outbreaks in poultry farms was evaluated using a multilevel logistic regression model. We found that a poultry farm within a wild waterfowl habitat had a 3–8 times higher risk of HPAI outbreak than poultry farms located outside of the habitat. The range of wild waterfowl habitats increased during autumn migration, and was associated with the epidemic peak of HPAI outbreaks on domestic poultry farms in the ROK. Our findings provide a better understanding of the dynamics of HPAI infection in the wildlife–domestic poultry interface and may help to establish early detection, and cost-effective preventive measures.
Broadband high-resolution molecular spectroscopy with interleaved mid-infrared frequency combs
Authors: Muraviev A. V. , Konnov D. , Vodopyanov K. L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTraditionally, there has been a trade-off in spectroscopic measurements between high resolution, broadband coverage, and acquisition time. Originally envisioned for precision spectroscopy of the hydrogen atom in the ultraviolet, optical frequency combs are now commonly used for probing molecular ro-vibrational transitions throughout broad spectral bands in the mid-infrared providing superior resolution, speed, and the capability of referencing to the primary frequency standards. Here we demonstrate the acquisition of 2.5 million spectral data points over the continuous wavelength range of 3.17–5.13 µm (frequency span 1200 cm−1, sampling point spacing 13–21 MHz), via interleaving comb-tooth-resolved spectra acquired with a highly-coherent broadband dual-frequency-comb system based on optical subharmonic generation. With the original comb-line spacing of 115 MHz, overlaying eight spectra with gradually shifted comb lines we fully resolve the amplitude and phase spectra of molecules with narrow Doppler lines, such as carbon disulfide (CS2) and its three isotopologues.
Genetical control of 2D pattern and depth of the primordial furrow that prefigures 3D shape of the rhinoceros beetle horn
Authors: Adachi Haruhiko , Matsuda Keisuke , Niimi Teruyuki , Kondo Shigeru , Gotoh Hiroki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe head horn of the Asian rhinoceros beetle develops as an extensively folded primordium before unfurling into its final 3D shape at the pupal molt. The information of the final 3D structure of the beetle horn is prefigured in the folding pattern of the developing primordium. However, the developmental mechanism underlying epithelial folding of the primordium is unknown. In this study, we addressed this gap in our understanding of the developmental patterning of the 3D horn shape of beetles by focusing on the formation of furrows at the surface of the primordium that become the bifurcated 3D shape of the horn. By gene knockdown analysis via RNAi, we found that knockdown of the gene Notch disturbed overall horn primordial furrow depth without affecting the 2D furrow pattern. In contrast, knockdown of CyclinE altered 2D horn primordial furrow pattern without affecting furrow depth. Our results show how the depth and 2D pattern of primordial surface furrows are regulated at least partially independently during beetle horn development, and how both can alter the final 3D shape of the horn.
Positive attitudes and negative expectations in lonely individuals
Authors: Bellucci Gabriele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLoneliness is a central predictor of depression and major factor of all-cause mortality. Loneliness is supposed to be a warning signal prompting individuals to seek out social connections. However, lonely individuals seem to be less likely to engage in prosocial activities and are overall more socially withdrawn. Hence, it is yet unclear whether and how loneliness affects an individual’s social motivations. Prosocial attitudes and expectations about social interactions of lonely individuals might shed light on whether lonely individuals are more prone to connect or withdraw from social activities. Here, results from a large dataset (~ 15,500 individuals) provide evidence for both. In particular, lonely individuals indicate stronger altruistic attitudes, suggesting a positive tendency to build and maintain social bonds. However, they also report more negative expectations about others, as they believe their social partners be less fair and trustworthy, suggesting less favorable evaluations of social interactions. By highlighting an important link between loneliness, prosocial attitudes and social expectations, this work stresses the role of loneliness in social motivations, points to potential consequences for social behaviors, and proposes a mechanism for the paradoxical effects of loneliness on an individual’s social attitudes and expectations, with important implications for future basic and clinical research, as well as education, economics and public policy.
Contralateral spreading of substances following intratympanic nanoparticle-conjugated gentamicin injection in a rat model
Authors: Lee Sang-Yeon , Kim Jeonghyo , Oh Sangjin , Jung Gaon , Jeong Ki-Jae , Tan Tran Van , Hwang Dajeong , Kim SungIl , Song Jae-Jin , Suh Myung-Whan , Lee Jaebeom , Koo Ja-Won 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study was performed to investigate the Eustachian tube as a potential route for contralateral spreading following intratympanic nanoparticle (NP)-conjugated gentamicin injection in a rat model. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups and substances were injected in the right ear: group 1 (fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles [F-MNPs], n = 4), group 2 (F-MNP-conjugated gentamicin [F-MNP@GM], n = 2), and control group (no injections, n = 2). T2-weighted sequences corresponding to the regions of interest at 1, 2, and 3 h after intratympanic injection were evaluated, along with immunostaining fluorescence of both side cochlea. The heterogeneous signal intensity of F-MNPs and F-MNP@GM on T2-weighted images, observed in the ipsilateral tympanum, was also detected in the contralateral tympanum in 4 out of 6 rats, recapitulating fluorescent nanoparticles in the contralateral cochlear hair cells. Computational simulations demonstrate the contralateral spreading of particles by gravity force following intratympanic injection in a rat model. The diffusion rate of the contralateral spreading relies on the sizes and surface charges of particles. Collectively, the Eustachian tube could be a route for contralateral spreading following intratympanic injection. Caution should be taken when using the contralateral ear as a control study investigating inner-ear drug delivery through the transtympanic approach.
Computational modelling of patient specific spring assisted lambdoid craniosynostosis correction
Authors: Bozkurt Selim , Borghi Alessandro , van de Lande Lara S. , Jeelani N. U. Owase , Dunaway David J. , Schievano Silvia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLambdoid craniosynostosis (LC) is a rare non-syndromic craniosynostosis characterised by fusion of the lambdoid sutures at the back of the head. Surgical correction including the spring assisted cranioplasty is the only option to correct the asymmetry at the skull in LC. However, the aesthetic outcome from spring assisted cranioplasty may remain suboptimal. The aim of this study is to develop a parametric finite element (FE) model of the LC skulls that could be used in the future to optimise spring surgery. The skull geometries from three different LC patients who underwent spring correction were reconstructed from the pre-operative computed tomography (CT) in Simpleware ScanIP. Initially, the skull growth between the pre-operative CT imaging and surgical intervention was simulated using MSC Marc. The osteotomies and spring implantation were performed to simulate the skull expansion due to the spring forces and skull growth between surgery and post-operative CT imaging in MSC Marc. Surface deviation between the FE models and post-operative skull models reconstructed from CT images changed between ± 5 mm over the skull geometries. Replicating spring assisted cranioplasty in LC patients allow to tune the parameters for surgical planning, which may help to improve outcomes in LC surgeries in the future.
Delineating colorectal cancer distribution, interaction, and risk prediction by environmental risk factors and serum trace elements
Authors: Nawi Azmawati Mohammed , Chin Siok Fong , Mazlan Luqman , Jamal Rahman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing worldwide especially in developing countries. This phenomenon may be attributable to lifestyle, dietary and environmental risk factors. We aimed to determine the level of 25 trace elements, their interaction with environmental risk factors, and subsequently develop a risk prediction model for CRC (RPM CRC). For the discovery phase, we used a hospital-based case–control study (CRC and non-CRC patients) and in the validation phase we analysed pre-symptomatic samples of CRC patients from The Malaysian Cohort Biobank. Information on the environmental risk factors were obtained and level of 25 trace elements measured using the ICP-MS method. CRC patients had lower Zn and Se levels but higher Li, Be, Al, Co, Cu, As, Cd, Rb, Ba, Hg, Tl, and Pb levels compared to non-CRC patients. The positive interaction between red meat intake ≥ 50 g/day and Co ≥ 4.77 µg/L (AP 0.97; 95% CI 0.91, 1.03) doubled the risk of CRC. A panel of 24 trace elements can predict simultaneously and accurate of high, moderate, and low risk of CRC (accuracy 100%, AUC 1.00). This study provides a new input on possible roles for various trace elements in CRC as well as using a panel of trace elements as a screening approach to CRC.
Variation in the susceptibility of urban Aedes mosquitoes infected with a densovirus
Authors: Perrin Aurélie , Gosselin-Grenet Anne-Sophie , Rossignol Marie , Ginibre Carole , Scheid Bethsabée , Lagneau Christophe , Chandre Fabrice , Baldet Thierry , Ogliastro Mylène , Bouyer Jérémy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUrbanAedesmosquitoes are vectors of many viruses affecting human health such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. Insecticide resistance and environmental toxicity risks hamper the effectiveness of chemical control against these mosquito vectors. Alternative control methods, such as the use of mosquito-specific entomopathogenic viruses should be explored. Numerous studies have focused on evaluating the potential of different densoviruses species as biological control agents. However, knowledge on the extent of inter- and intra-specific variations in the susceptibility ofAedesmosquitoes to infection by different densoviruses remains insufficient. In this study, we compared infection and mortality rates induced by theAedes albopictusdensovirus 2 in different strains ofAedes albopictusandAedes aegyptimosquitoes. The twoAedesspecies were different in terms of susceptibility to viral infection. Under laboratory conditions, Aedes albopictus densovirus 2 appeared more virulent for the different strains ofAedes aegyptitested than for those ofAedes albopictus. In addition, we also found significant intra-specific variation in infection and mortality rates. Thus, although even if Aedes albopictus densoviruses could be powerful biocontrol agents used in the management of urbanAedespopulations, our results also call into question the use of single viral isolate as biocontrol agents.
Surveillance of early stage COVID-19 clusters using search query logs and mobile device-based location information
Authors: Hisada Shohei , Murayama Taichi , Tsubouchi Kota , Fujita Sumio , Yada Shuntaro , Wakamiya Shoko , Aramaki Eiji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo clusters of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were confirmed in Hokkaido, Japan, in February 2020. To identify these clusters, this study employed web search query logs of multiple devices and user location information from location-aware mobile devices. We anonymously identified users who used a web search engine (i.e., Yahoo! JAPAN) to search for COVID-19 or its symptoms. We regarded them as web searchers who were suspicious of their own COVID-19 infection (WSSCI). We extracted the location of WSSCI via a mobile operating system application and compared the spatio-temporal distribution of WSSCI with the actual location of the two known clusters. In the early stage of cluster development, we confirmed several WSSCI. Our approach was accurate in this stage and became biased after a public announcement of the cluster development. When other cluster-related resources, such as detailed population statistics, are not available, the proposed metric can capture hints of emerging clusters.
Knifefish’s suction makes water boil
Authors: Ortega-Jimenez Victor M. , Sanford Christopher P. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe discovered that knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons) during suction feeding can produce millimeter-sized cavitation bubbles and flow accelerations up to ~ 450 times the acceleration of gravity. Knifefish may use this powerful suction-induced cavitation to cause physical damage on prey hiding in narrow refuges, therefore facilitating capture.
Diastereoselective construction of cage-like and bridged azaheterocycles through dearomative maximization of the reactive sites of azaarenes
Authors: Miao Hongjie , Bai Xuguan , Wang Lele , Yu Junhui , Bu Zhanwei , Wang Qilin 
Published: October 2020

A highly diastereoselective multicomponent dearomative multifunctionalization of N-alkyl activated azaarenes with 1,5-diazapentadienium salts has been developed to access structurally rigid and synthetically challenging cage-like and bridged azaheterocycles.
Effect of remineralisation on the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of human tooth dentine
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Lei Lei , Xiao Heng , Zheng Jing 
Published: October 2020

With ageing and pathological factors, dentine exposure becomes more and more commonplace in the clinic. The mechanical properties of dentine are far less than those of enamel. Once exposed, dentine exhibits a weak wear‐resistance and then results in many oral diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to study effective measures to improve the wear‐resistance of dentine. In this study, the effect of remineralisation on the mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of human dentine was studied in vitro using nano‐indentation/scratch technique. Remineralisation treatment was conducted by immersing dentine specimens in casein phosphopeptides–amorphous calcium phosphate–asparagine‐serine‐serine solution for 7 days after 24 h pre‐treatment in polydopamine solution. Results show that after the remineralisation treatment, dentine surface is covered with a layer of dense hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals with high crystallinity and preferential orientation, and dentinal tubules are occluded. Surface hardness and elastic modulus of dentine increase by 35 and 78%, respectively, and the wear volume decreases by 86%. The crystals that occlude the dentine tubules do not fall off on the worn surface. In sum, remineralisation enhances the mechanical properties and anti‐wear performance of dentine surface by forming a hard covering consisting of dense HA crystals, which is a potential measure to prevent excessive tooth wear by dentine exposure.
Erosion protection of low‐concentration fluoride on human tooth enamel: results from surface morphology and nanomechanical and anti‐wear properties
Authors: Zheng Liang , Shi Maoyu 
Published: October 2020

Dental erosion results in excessive tooth wear. The contribution of low‐concentration fluoride used daily in the prevention and treatment of erosion has not been fully understood. In this study, the effects of fluoride (225 ppm F−) on the surface morphology and nano‐mechanical and anti‐wear properties of human tooth enamel were investigated to explore whether low‐concentration NaF solution could help protect tooth enamel from erosion. In total, 40 enamel samples were divided into 5 groups, viz. group O: original surface with no treatment, group F: fluoride treatment (NaF, 225 ppm F−, pH 6.3), group E: erosion treatment (0.001 M citric acid, pH 3.2, 3 min), group EF: erosion treatment and then fluorination and group FE: fluoride treatment and then erosion. The mechanical and anti‐wear properties of enamel samples were examined using a nano‐indentation/scratch technique. Both surface morphology and scratch morphology of enamel samples were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that, from the perspectives of surface morphology and anti‐wear properties, fluorination with low‐concentration fluoride (225 ppm F−) before erosion has a certain potential for protection against dental erosion. Fluoride treatment after erosion has no obvious impact on the remineralisation of eroded enamel.
Farming, Gender and Aspirations Across Young People’s Life Course: Attempting to Keep Things Open While Becoming a Farmer
Authors: Huijsmans Roy , Ambarwati Aprilia , Chazali Charina , Vijayabaskar M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrawing on life history interviews conducted in Indian and Indonesian study sites, we tease out the social production of aspirations in the process of becoming a farmer. We show the power of a doxic logic in which schooling is regarded asthepathway out of farming, towards a future of non-manual, salaried employment. Among rural youth this doxic logic produces broadly defined aspiration such as ‘completing education’, and ‘getting a job’. In the absence of clear pathways to realise such aspirations, young people seek to keep options open. Yet, the scope for doing so changes in relation to key life events such as ending school, migration and marriage and does so in distinctly gendered ways. We conclude proposing that young people’s delayed entrance into farming, among other things, must be understood as an attempt to keep open those futures that are considered closed by an early entry into full-time farming.
Insect pectinate antennae maximize odor capture efficiency at intermediate flight speeds
Authors: Jaffar-Bandjee Mourad , Steinmann Thomas , Krijnen Gijs , Casas Jérôme 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Some insects, especially moths, bear pectinate antennae, elaborate organs generally used to detect low concentrations of pheromone released by potential sexual partners. The shape of these antennae is crucial for efficient pheromone detection, as it influences airflow and, thus, pheromone capture. Pectinate antennae are highly complex. We therefore focused our study on a subunit of the antenna: a single branch of the antenna and the sensory hairs it carries. We found that the geometry of this subunit was most efficient at moth flight velocities, allowing enough air to flow through it and enough time for diffusion to ensure the capture of pheromone molecules. Our findings have implications for porous microarray sensors, such as those based on microcantilevers.
Anisotropic thermal conductivity of AlGaN/GaN superlattices
Authors: Filatova-Zalewska A , Litwicki Z , Moszak K , Olszewski W , Opołczyńska K , Pucicki D , Serafińczuk J , Hommel D , Jeżowski A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
High thermal conductivity is an important parameter for nitride-based power electronic and deep-UV light emitters. Especially in the latter case short period superlattices and multicomponent alloys are used and the knowledge of the thermal properties of the binary compounds is sufficient. In-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivity of AlGaN/GaN superlattices were measured by differential two-wire 3ω method in the temperature range from 147 to 325 K. Samples were grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; the structure quality and accuracy of superlattice structures preparation were verified by means of HRXRD and transmission electron microscopy. It was observed, that value of thermal conductivities decrease with decreasing period thickness, while temperature dependencies differ from each other—in-plane thermal conductivity decreases, and cross-plane—increases with increasing temperature. Callaway method was used for thermal conductivity calculation; dependence of boundary scattering rate on the phonon wavelength was taken into account. Minimum thermal conductivity was added to calculated values to include the influence of high frequency acoustic phonons and optical phonons on the heat transport. Calculations are in good agreement with experimental results.
Biosynthesis of innovative calcium phosphate/hydrogel composites: physicochemical and biological characterisation
Authors: Chronopoulou Laura , Cacciotti Ilaria , Amalfitano Adriana , Di Nitto Antonio , D’Arienzo Veronica , Nocca Giuseppina , Palocci Cleofe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The goal of supporting and directing tissue regeneration requires the design of new, advanced materials, with features like biocompatibility, biodegradability and adequate mechanical properties. Our work was focused on developing a new injectable biomimetic composite material, based on a peptidic hydrogel and calcium phosphates with the aim of mimicking the chemical composition of natural bone tissue. Arg-Gly-Asp-grafted chitosan was used to promote cell adhesion. The obtained composite hydrogel was characterized with differential scanning calorimetry measurements, rheological analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. The biological responsiveness was assessed using the MG-63 human osteoblast cell line.
A novel approach with dual-sampling convolutional neural network for ultrasound image classification of breast tumors
Authors: Xie Jiang , Song Xiangshuai , Zhang Wu , Dong Qi , Wang Yan , Li Fenghua , Wan Caifeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of female cancer deaths. Early diagnosis with prophylactic may improve the patients’ prognosis. So far ultrasound (US) imaging has been a popular method in breast cancer diagnosis. However, its accuracy is bounded to traditional handcrafted feature methods and expertise. A novel method, named dual-sampling convolutional neural networks (DSCNNs), was proposed in this paper for the differential diagnosis of breast tumors based on US images. Combining traditional convolutional and residual networks, DSCNN prevented gradient disappearance and degradation. The prediction accuracy was increased by the parallel dual-sampling structure, which can effectively extract potential features from US images. Compared with other advanced deep learning methods and traditional handcrafted feature methods, DSCNN reached the best performance with an accuracy of 91.67% and an area under curve of 0.939. The robustness of the proposed method was also verified by using a public dataset. Moreover, DSCNN was compared with evaluation from three radiologists utilizing US-BI-RADS lexicon categories for overall breast tumors assessment. The result demonstrated that the prediction sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the DSCNN were higher than those of the radiologist with 10 year experience, suggesting that the DSCNN has the potential to help doctors make judgements in clinic.