bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
iNOS/NO is required for IRF1 activation in response to liver ischemia-reperfusion in mice
Authors: Du Qiang , Luo Jing , Yang Mu-Qing , Liu Quan , Heres Caroline , Yan Yi-He , Stolz Donna , Geller David A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) induces cytokines, and up-regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interferon regulatory factor-1(IRF1) and p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), which contribute to cell death and tissue injury. However, the mechanisms that I/R induces IRF1-PUMA through iNOS/NO is still unknown.

Methods
Ischemia was induced by occluding structures in the portal triad (hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct) to the left and median liver lobes for 60 min, and reperfusion was initiated by removal of the clamp. Induction of iNOS, IRF1 and PUMA in response to I/R were analyzed. I/R induced IRF1 and PUMA expression were compared between iNOS wild-type and iNOS knockout (KO) mice. Human iNOS gene transfected-cells were used to determine iNOS/NO signals targeting IRF1. To test whether HDAC2 was involved in the mediation of iNOS/NO-induced IRF1 transcriptional activities and its target gene (PUMA and p21) expression, NO donors were used in vitro and in vivo.

Results
IRF1 nuclear translocation and PUMA transcription elevation were markedly induced following I/R in the liver of iNOS wild-type mice compared with that in knock-out mice. Furthermore, I/R induced hepatic HDAC2 expression and activation, and decreased H3AcK9 expression in iNOS wild-type mice, but not in the knock-out mice. Mechanistically, over-expression of human iNOS gene increased IRF1 transcriptional activity and PUMA expression, while iNOS inhibitor L-NIL reversed these effects. Cytokine-induced PUMA through IRF1 was p53 dependent. IRF1 and p53 synergistically up-regulated PUMA expression. iNOS/NO-induced HDAC2 mediated histone H3 deacetylation and promoted IRF1 transcriptional activity. Moreover, treating the cells with romidepsin, an HDAC1/2 inhibitor decreased NO-induced IRF1 and PUMA expression.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates a novel mechanism that iNOS/NO is required for IRF1/PUMA signaling through a positive-feedback loop between iNOS and IRF1, in which HDAC2-mediated histone modification is involved to up-regulate IRF1 in response to I/R in mice.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium sseK3 induces apoptosis and enhances glycolysis in macrophages
Authors: Yu Chuan , Du Fuyu , Zhang Chunjie , Li Yinju , Liao Chengshui , He Lei , Cheng Xiangchao , Zhang Xiaojie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium (S.Typhimurium) is an important infectious disease pathogen that can survive and replicate in macrophages. Glycolysis is essential for immune responses againstS.Typhimurium infection in macrophages, and is also associated with apoptosis.S.Typhimurium secreted effector K3 (SseK3) was recently identified as a novel translated and secreted protein. However, there is no study about the role ofsseK3in the relationship between apoptosis and glycolysis in cells infected withS.Typhimurium. It is unclear whether this protein exerts a significant role in the progress of apoptosis and glycolysis inS.Typhimurium-infected macrophages.ResultsMacrophages were infected withS.Typhimurium SL1344 wild-type (WT), ΔsseK3mutant orsseK3-complemented strain, and the effects ofsseK3on apoptosis and glycolysis were determined. The adherence and invasion in the ΔsseK3mutant group were similar to that in the WT andsseK3-complemented groups, indicating that SseK3 was not essential for the adherence and invasion ofS.Typhimurium in macrophages. However, the percentage of apoptosis in the ΔsseK3mutant group was much lower than that in the WT andsseK3-complemented groups. Caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 enzyme activity in the ΔsseK3mutant group were significantly lower than in the WT group andsseK3-complemented groups, indicating thatsseK3could improve the caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 enzyme activity. We also found that there were no significant differences in pyruvic acid levels between the three groups, but the lactic acid level in the ΔsseK3mutant group was much lower than that in the WT andsseK3-complemented groups. The ATP levels in the ΔsseK3mutant group were remarkably higher than those in the WT andsseK3-complemented groups. These indicated that thesseK3enhanced the level of glycolysis in macrophages infected byS.Typhimurium.ConclusionsS.TyphimuriumsseK3is likely involved in promoting macrophage apoptosis and modulating glycolysis in macrophages. Our results could improve our understanding of the relationship between apoptosis and glycolysis in macrophages induced byS.TyphimuriumsseK3.
Evaluation of seed nitrate assimilation and stimulation of phenolic-linked antioxidant on pentose phosphate pathway and nitrate reduction in three feed-plant species
Authors: Lin Derong , Huang Yichen , Zhao Jingjing , Wu Zhijun , Liu Shuliang , Qin Wen , Wu Dingtao , Chen Hong , Zhang Qing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Soil and water pollution due to nitrate are becoming increasingly serious worldwide. The government also put forward relevant governance policies, and a large number of scholars studied chemical physics and other methods to remove nitrate in water, but the cost was substantial. Studies have found that planting systems including grasses have the potential to remove nitrates. However, there are few studies on nitrate linked pathway and nitrate assimilation during its early growth.

Results
We have evaluated three different feed-plant species with three levels of overnight seed nitrate treatments along with a control. The activity of different enzymes from 2 weeks old shoots was measured to get a comprehension of proline-associated pentose phosphate pathway coupled with nitrate assimilation and phenolic-linked antioxidant response system in these species under nitrate treatments. All three feed-plant species showed high nitrate tolerance during germination and early growth stages. It is perceived that the accumulation of total soluble phenolics and total antioxidant activity was high in all three feed-plant species under high nitrate treatments. In terms of high G6PDH activity along with low SDH activity in alfalfa, there may be a shift of carbon flux in this species under high nitrate treatments. Higher activity of these enzymes along with higher SOD and GPX activity was observed in alfalfa. The efficient mechanism of nitrate stress tolerance of alfalfa also correlated with higher photochemical efficiency. Perennial ryegrass also showed excellent potential under high nitrate treatments by adopting an efficient mechanism to counter nitrate-induced oxidative stress.

Conclusions
Under the condition of nitrate treatment, the germination rates of the three feed-plant species are still ideal, and they have good enzyme activity and have the potential to remove nitrate.
Metabolite profiling of rhizosphere soil of different allelopathic potential rice accessions
Authors: Li Yingzhe , Xu Lining , Letuma Puleng , Lin Wenxiong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of the allelopathy-interrelated metabolites from the allelopathic rice rhizosphere is crucial to understand the allelopathic mechanism of rice, which in turn can promote its applications to farming. In this study, the metabolites from the rhizosphere soil of five different rice lines, including allelopathic rice accession PI312777 (PI) and non-allelopathic rice accession Lemont (Le) as well as their genetic derivatives (e.g., phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene overexpression transgenic lines of PI and Le, namely, PO and LO respectively, andPALRNA interference line of PI, namely, PR) were identified and comparatively analyzed to explore the positive compounds that are involved in the process of rice allelopathy.ResultsThe results showed that 21 non-polar compounds and 21 polar compounds differed in content in the rhizosphere soil of PI and Le, which include several volatile fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids. The relative contents of fatty acids also differed betweenPALoverexpressing or RNA interference (RNAi)-silenced line and their wild-type respectively. Acetic acid content also differed among groups, i.e., it is higher in the high allelopathic potential rice. Further analysis showed that different metabolites from the ADS8 resin-extracted phase were more abundant than that those from the ADS21 resin-extracted phase, suggesting that the allelochemicals in root exudates of allelopathic rice are mainly non-polar substances. KEGG annotation of these differential metabolites revealed that these compounds were related to nutrient metabolism, secondary metabolite synthesis, signaling substance synthesis, and toxin degradation.ConclusionsRice allelochemicals deposited in the ADS8 resin-extracted phase were more abundant than those in the ADS21 resin-extracted phase. Allelochemicals in root exudates of allelopathic rice are mainly non-polar substances, and long-chain fatty acids are considered as allelopathy interrelated metabolites.
Value of routine test for identifying colorectal cancer from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yang Rong , Chen Yu , Chen Xianlai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a risk factor for colorectal neoplasms. Our goal is to explore the relationship between NAFLD and colorectal cancer (CRC) and to analyze potential indicators for screening CRC in NAFLD based on clinical big data.

Methods
Demographic information and routine clinical indicators were extracted from Xiangya Medical Big Data Platform. 35,610 NAFLD cases without CRC (as group NAFLD-CRC), 306 NAFLD cases with CRC (as group NAFLD-NonCRC) and 10,477 CRC cases without NAFLD were selected and evaluated. The CRC incidence was compared between NAFLD population and general population by Chi-square test. Independent sample t-test was used to find differences of age, gender and routine clinical indicators in pairwise comparisons of NAFLD-CRC, NAFLD-NonCRC and nonNAFLD-CRC.

Results
NAFLD population had a higher CRC incidence than general population (7.779‰ vs 3.763‰, P < 0.001). Average age of NAFLD-CRC (58.79 ± 12.353) or nonNAFLD-CRC (59.26 ± 13.156) was significantly higher than NAFLD-nonCRC (54.15 ± 14.167, p < 0.001). But age had no significant difference between NAFLD-CRC and nonNAFLD-CRC (P > 0.05). There was no different gender distribution for three groups (P > 0.05). NAFLD-CRC had lower anaemia-related routine clinical indicators such as decrease of red blood cell count, mean hemoglobin content and hemoglobin than NAFLD-nonCRC (P < 0.05 for all). Anemia of NAFLD-CRC was typical but it might be slighter than nonNAFLD-CRC. More interestingly, NAFLD-CRC had distinct characteristics of leukocyte system such as lower white blood cell count (WBC) and neutrophil count (NEU_C) and higher basophil percentage (BAS_Per) than nonNAFLD-CRC and NAFLD-nonCRC (P < 0.05 for all). Compared with NAFLD-nonCRC, the change of WBC, BAS_Per and NEU_C in NAFLD-CRC was different from that in nonNAFLD-CRC. In addition, NAFLD-CRC had a higher level of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), lower level of triglyceride (TG) and Albumin-to-globulin ratio (A/G) than NFLD-nonCRC (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions
NAFLD is associated with a high incidence of CRC. Age is an important factor for CRC and the CRC incidence increases with age. Anemia-related blood routine clinical indicators, leukocyte system and blood lipid indicators may be more important variables for identifying CRC in NAFLD. So blood routine test and liver function/blood lipid test are valuable for screening CRC in NAFLD.
Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality attributable to loneliness in older Swedish men and women
Authors: Novak Masuma , Waern Margda , Johansson Lena , Zettergren Anna , Ryden Lina , Wetterberg Hanna , Gudmundsson Pia , Skoog Ingmar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
This study examined whether loneliness predicts cardiovascular- and all-cause mortality in older men and women.

Methods
Baseline data from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies, collected during 2000 on 70-year-olds born 1930 and living in Gothenburg were used for analysis (n = 524). Mortality data were analyzed until 2012 through Swedish national registers.

Results
Perceived loneliness was reported by 17.1% of the men and 30.9% of the women in a face-to-face interview with mental health professional. A total of 142 participants died during the 12-year follow-up period, with 5334 person-years at risk, corresponding to 26.6 deaths/1000 person-years. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 59.2% of all deaths. The cumulative rates/1000 person-years for cardiovascular mortality were 20.8 (men) and 11.5 (women), and for all-cause mortality 33.8 (men) and 20.5 (women), respectively. In Cox regression models, no significant increased risk of mortality was seen for men with loneliness compared to men without loneliness (cardiovascular mortality HR 1.52, 95% CI 0.78–2.96; all-cause HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.77–2.28). Increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed in women with loneliness compared to those without (HR 2.25 95% CI 1.14–4.45), and the risk remained significant in a multivariable-adjusted model (HR 2.42 95% CI 1.04–5.65).

Conclusions
Loneliness was shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in women. We found no evidence to indicate that loneliness was associated with an increased risk of either cardiovascular- or all-cause mortality in men.
Ethnic minority disparities in progression and mortality of pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Hounkpatin Hilda O. , Fraser Simon D. S. , Honney Rory , Dreyer Gavin , Brettle Alison , Roderick Paul J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are a growing number of studies on ethnic differences in progression and mortality for pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), but this literature has yet to be synthesised, particularly for studies on mortality.MethodsThis scoping review synthesized existing literature on ethnic differences in progression and mortality for adults with pre-dialysis CKD, explored factors contributing to these differences, and identified gaps in the literature. A comprehensive search strategy using search terms for ethnicity and CKD was taken to identify potentially relevant studies. Nine databases were searched from 1992 to June 2017, with an updated search in February 2020.Results8059 articles were identified and screened. Fifty-five studies (2 systematic review, 7 non-systematic reviews, and 46 individual studies) were included in this review. Most were US studies and compared African-American/Afro-Caribbean and Caucasian populations, and fewer studies assessed outcomes for Hispanics and Asians. Most studies reported higher risk of CKD progression in Afro-Caribbean/African-Americans, Hispanics, and Asians, lower risk of mortality for Asians, and mixed findings on risk of mortality for Afro-Caribbean/African-Americans and Hispanics, compared to Caucasians. Biological factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease contributed to increased risk of progression for ethnic minorities but did not increase risk of mortality in these groups.ConclusionsHigher rates of renal replacement therapy among ethnic minorities may be partly due to increased risk of progression and reduced mortality in these groups. The review identifies gaps in the literature and highlights a need for a more structured approach by researchers that would allow higher confidence in single studies and better harmonization of data across studies to advance our understanding of CKD progression and mortality.
Hospitalization and mortality following non-attendance for hemodialysis according to dialysis day of the week: a European cohort study
Authors: Fotheringham James , Smith Michael T. , Froissart Marc , Kronenberg Florian , Stenvinkel Peter , Floege Jürgen , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Wheeler David C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The extension of the interdialytic interval due to due to dialysis session non-attendance varies according to which session of the week the patient misses. The impact of this on subsequent hospitalization and mortality is unknown.

Methods
The ARO cohort study prospectively collected data from hemodialysis patients across 15 European countries on demography, comorbidity, laboratory, hospitalisation, mortality and individual hemodialysis sessions from 2007 to 2014. Event rates for death and hospitalisation according to dialysis day of the week were calculated for patients who attended the three previous scheduled hemodialysis sessions, who then on the next scheduled dialysis day either attended or did not attend. The hazard ratio for these events following non-attendance for the first compared to the second dialysis session of the week was estimated using Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for patient demographics.

Results
3.8 million hemodialysis sessions in 9397 patients were analysed. The non-attendance rates for Monday/Wednesday/Friday sessions were 0.8, 0.9% & 1.4% respectively, and for Tuesday/Thursday/Saturday sessions were 0.6, 1.0% & 1.2% respectively. Compared to those who attended, for the 48–72 h between non-attendance and the next scheduled haemodialysis session, mortality significantly increased from 4.86 to 51.9/100 pt-yrs and hospitalisation increased from 0.58 to 2.1/yr. As time from the two-day break increased, the risk associated with non-attendance lessened: compared to missing the second hemodialysis session, missing the first session had a hazard ratio for mortality of 2.04 (95% CI 1.27–3.29), and for hospitalisation 1.78 (95% CI 1.29–2.47). In patients who attended their scheduled dialysis session and the three preceding, after the two-day break there were absolute increases in mortality (8.3 vs. 4.9/100 pt-yrs) and hospitalisation (1.0 vs. 0.6/yr for the rest of the week) comparable to previous studies.

Conclusions
In addition to hospitalisation and mortality increases seen after the two-day break, additional harm may be manifested in the greater increases in mortality and hospitalisation observed after non-attendance for the first hemodialysis session after the two-day break compared to missing other sessions.
Development and analytical validation of real-time PCR for the detection of Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women
Authors: Escobar Daniel F. , Diaz-Dinamarca Diego A. , Hernández Carlos F. , Soto Daniel A. , Manzo Ricardo A. , Alarcón Pedro I. , Pinto Camila H. , Bastias Diego N. , Oberg-Bravo Carolayn N. , Rojas Robert , Illanes Sebastián E. , Kalergis Alexis M. , Vasquez Abel E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of invasive neonatal infection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the analytical validation of qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a means to detect GBS.

Methods
Genomic DNA (gDNA) was purified from 12 ATCC bacterial strains, two belonging to GBS and the remainder acting as negative controls. Additionally, gDNA was isolated from 21 strains of GBS from various serotypes (Ia, Ib and II-VIII). All gDNA was used to evaluate the analytical validation of the qPCR method employing a specific Taqman probe. Inclusivity, exclusivity, anticipated reportable range, the limit of detection and robustness were evaluated. The methods used are described in international guidelines and other existing reports. The performance of this qPCR method for detecting GBS was compared to other microbiological methods used with vaginal-rectal samples from pregnant women.

Results
Our qPCR method for detecting GBS was analytically validated. It has a limit of detection of 0.7 GE/μL and 100% analytical specificity. It detects all strains of GBS with the same level of performance as microbiological methods.

Conclusion
Data suggest that this qPCR method performs adequately as a means to detect GBS in vaginal-rectal swabs from pregnant women.
Incidence and determinants of neonatal near miss in south Ethiopia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tekelab Tesfalidet , Chojenta Catherine , Smith Roger , Loxton Deborah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
For every neonate who dies, many others experience a near miss event that could have but did not result in death. Neonatal near miss is three to eight times more frequent than neonatal deaths and, therefore, is more useful for assessing the determinants of adverse neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and determinants of neonatal near miss in south Ethiopia.

Methods
A facility-based prospective study was conducted among 2704 neonates between 12 July to 26 November 2018. The neonates were followed from the time of admission to hospital discharge or seven postpartum days if the newborn stayed in the hospital. The data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaire and medical record review. Logistic regression was employed to identify the distant, intermediate and proximal factors associated with neonatal near miss. The independent variables were analysed in three hierarchical blocks. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine the strength of the associations.

Results
The incidences of neonatal near miss and neonatal death were 45.1 (95% CI = 37.7–53.8) and 17.4 (95% CI = 13.0–23.3) per 1000 live births, respectively. Of those newborns who experienced neonatal near miss, more than half (59.8%) of their mothers were referred from other health facilities. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of neonatal near miss were significantly higher among neonates with a low monthly income (< 79 USD monthly), a birth interval of less than 24 months and where severe maternal complications had occurred.

Conclusion
Strategies to improve neonatal survival need a multifaceted approach that includes socio-economic and health-related factors. The findings of this study highlight important implications for policymakers with regard to neonatal near miss. In particular, addressing inequalities by increasing women’s income, promoting an optimal birth interval of 24 months or above through postpartum family planning, and preventing maternal complications may improve newborn survival.