bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrared thermography and ulcer prevention in the high‐risk diabetic foot: data from a single‐blind multicentre controlled clinical trial
Authors: Petrova N. L. , Donaldson N. K. , Tang W. , MacDonald A. , Allen J. , Lomas C. , Leech N. , Ainarkar S. , Bevans J. , Plassmann P. , Kluwe B. , Ring F. , Whittam A. , Rogers L. , McMillan J. , Simpson R. , Donaldson A. N. A. , Machin G. , Edmonds M. E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the usefulness of monthly thermography and standard foot care to reduce diabetic foot ulcer recurrence.MethodsPeople with diabetes (n = 110), neuropathy and history of ≥ 1 foot ulcer participated in a single‐blind multicentre clinical trial. Feet were imaged with a novel thermal imaging device (Diabetic Foot Ulcer Prevention System). Participants were randomized to intervention (active thermography + standard foot care) or control (blinded thermography + standard foot care) and were followed up monthly until ulcer recurrence or for 12 months. Foot thermograms of participants from the intervention group were assessed for hot spots (areas with temperature ≥ 2.2°C higher than the corresponding contralateral site) and acted upon as per local standards.ResultsAfter 12 months, 62% of participants were ulcer‐free in the intervention group and 56% in the control group. The odds ratios of ulcer recurrence (intervention vs control) were 0.82 (95% CI 0.38, 1.8; P = 0.62) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.21, 1.4; P = 0.22) in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, respectively. The hazard ratios for the time to ulcer recurrence (intervention vs control) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.45, 1.6; P = 0.58) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.34, 1.3; P = 0.24) in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, respectively.ConclusionsMonthly intervention with thermal imaging did not result in a significant reduction in ulcer recurrence rate or increased ulcer‐free survival in this cohort at high risk of foot ulcers. This trial has, however, informed the design of a refined study with longer follow‐up and group stratification, further aiming to assess the efficacy of thermography to reduce ulcer recurrence.
An image fusion tool for echo‐guided left ventricular lead placement in cardiac resynchronization therapy: Performance and workflow integration analysis
Authors: Babić Aleksandar , Odland Hans Henrik , Lyseggen Erik , Holm Torbjørn , Ross Stian , Hopp Einar , Haugaa Kristina H. , Kongsgård Erik , Edvardsen Thor , Gérard Olivier , Samset Eigil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe response rate to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be improved if echocardiographic‐derived parameters are used to guide the left ventricular (LV) lead deployment. Tools to visually integrate deformation imaging and fluoroscopy to take advantage of the combined information are lacking.MethodsAn image fusion tool for echo‐guided LV lead placement in CRT was developed. A personalized average 3D cardiac model aided visualization of patient‐specific LV function in fluoroscopy. A set of coronary venography‐derived landmarks facilitated registration of the 3D model with fluoroscopy into a single multimodality image. The fusion was both performed and analyzed retrospectively in 30 cases. Baseline time‐to‐peak values from echocardiography speckle‐tracking radial strain traces were color‐coded onto the fused LV. LV segments with suspected scar tissue were excluded by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The postoperative augmented image was used to investigate: (a) registration accuracy and (b) agreement between LV pacing lead location, echo‐defined target segments, and CRT response.ResultsRegistration time (264 ± 25 seconds) and accuracy (4.3 ± 2.3 mm) were found clinically acceptable. A good agreement between pacing location and echo‐suggested segments was found in 20 (out of 21) CRT responders. Perioperative integration of the proposed workflow was successfully tested in 2 patients. No additional radiation, compared with the existing workflow, was required.ConclusionsThe fusion tool facilitates understanding of the spatial relationship between the coronary veins and the LV function and may help targeted LV lead delivery.
“Echo pause” for postoperative transthoracic echocardiographic surveillance
Authors: Cox Kelly , Arunamata Alisa , Krawczeski Catherine D. , Reddy Charitha , Kipps Alaina K. , Long Jin , Roth Stephen J. , Axelrod David M. , Hanley Frank , Shin Andrew , Selamet Tierney Elif Seda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundNo guidelines exist for inpatient postoperative transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) surveillance in congenital heart disease. We prospectively evaluated indications for postoperative TTEs in patients with congenital heart disease to identify areas to improve upon (Phase 1) and then assessed the impact of a simple pilot intervention (Phase 2).MethodsWe included patients with RACHS‐1 (Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery) scores of 2 and 3 to keep the cohort homogenous. During Phase 1, we collected data prospectively to identify postoperative TTEs for which there were no new findings and no associated clinical management decisions (“potentially redundant” TTEs). During Phase 2, prior to placement of a TTE order, an “Echo Pause” was performed during rounds to prompt review of prior TTE results and indication for the current order. The number of “potentially redundant” TTEs during Phase 1 vs. Phase 2 was compared.ResultsDuring Phase 1, 98 postoperative TTEs were performed on 51 patients. Potentially “redundant” TTEs were identified in two main areas: (a) TTEs ordered to evaluate pericardial effusion and (b) TTEs ordered with the indication of “postoperative,” “follow‐up,” or “discharge” in the setting of a prior complete postoperative TTE and no apparent change in clinical status. During Phase 2, 101 TTEs were performed on 63 patients. The number of “potentially redundant” TTEs decreased from 14/98 (14%) to 5/101 (5%) (P = .026).ConclusionOur results suggest that the number of “potentially redundant” TTEs during inpatient postoperative surveillance of patients with congenital heart disease can be decreased by a simple intervention during rounds such as an “Echo Pause.”
Tricuspid regurgitation due to blood cyst
Authors: Aydın Cihan , Engin Mesut , Kul Selim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCardiac blood cysts are confirmed by autopsies in stillbirths but rarely detected in adults. Although cardiac blood cysts are common in newborns, they disappear within a few months after birth. These cysts are blood‐filled diverticula surrounded by endothelium. Their possible etiology is invaginations of atrial endothelium into the stroma of atrioventricular valves. Most blood cysts originate from the left side of the heart and are located on the atrioventricular valves. Complication is followed in very little cases, such as embolic stroke, valvular dysfunction, and ventricular outflow system obstruction. The blood cysts leading to complications should be removed surgically.
Temperature, deltamethrin‐resistance status and performance measures of Plutella xylostella: complex responses of insects to environmental variables
Authors: Wang Leyun , Walter Gimme H. , Furlong Michael J. 
Published: October 2019

1. Worldwide, the excessive use of insecticides has resulted in field‐evolved insecticide‐resistant populations of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella. A deltamethrin‐resistant DBM population from the field was divided into two subpopulations in the laboratory. One population (S‐strain) was maintained with no further exposure to insecticides, whereas the other population (R‐strain) was maintained under a regime of intermittent selection with deltamethrin.2. Individuals from both strains were reared at constant temperatures in the range 10–35 °C in the absence of deltamethrin, and the effects of rearing temperature on various traits were investigated. At the time of experimentation, the R‐strain was 20‐fold more resistant to deltamethrin than the S‐strain.3. Temperature differentially affected developmental time, adult life span, pupal weight, and fecundity of both strains. Although both strains laid eggs after being reared at 10 °C, few of these eggs were fertile. The R‐strain developed significantly faster than the S‐strain. The integrated performance of the S‐strain and R‐strain was greatest at 25 and 15 °C, respectively.4. The present study provides important information on the complexities of the outcomes of the interactions between ectotherms and temperature. Specifically, temperature‐trait relationships may not be unimodal, and ectotherm genotypes (in this case insecticide‐resistance status) and abiotic stresses can interact with unpredictable outcomes.5. Current models predicting DBM population dynamics and relative abundance in different locations do not consider different thermal biologies of different genotypes. The present study shows the dramatic effects of environment on many parameters used in these models and will help to enhance their accuracy, and thus their utility.
Exposure to potentially cannibalistic conspecifics induces an increased immune response
Authors: Murray Rosalind L. , Tah Sunanda , Koprivnikar Janet , Rowe Locke , McCauley Shannon J. 
Published: October 2019

1. Within‐population infectious disease dynamics depend on multiple factors, including the ability of hosts to mount an effective immune response. These immune responses can be highly plastic, responding to pathogen risk, as well as the ecological context in which pathogens are encountered.2. High conspecific density can stimulate immune activity, and recent research suggests that predators can cause indirect protective effects in their prey through the induction of increased immune responses. Comparatively little work, however, has investigated whether exposure to potentially cannibalistic conspecifics, representing both increased density and predatory pressures, will have similar effects on immune expression.3. Using dragonfly larvae, the present study investigated whether exposure to potentially cannibalistic conspecifics altered the melanisation of simulated parasites.4. Increased levels of melanisation were found in larvae regardless of whether that conspecific had recently engaged in cannibalism or not. Melanisation also increased as conspecific density increased, even if the conspecifics present were small, and therefore unlikely to pose a cannibalism threat.5. The findings obtained in the present study indicate that conspecific presence is sufficient to affect immune responses in these insects even though they are relatively solitary compared with the phase‐polyphenic taxa typically associated with density‐dependent prophylaxis. Because melanisation is also important for wound healing, we suggest that the increased melanin response observed with increased conspecific density might act to induce heightened immunity when faced with potentially increased risk of infection, and also facilitate wound healing under threat of predation/cannibalism.
Prey size and predator density modify impacts by natural enemies towards mosquitoes
Authors: Dalal Arpita , Cuthbert Ross N. , Dick Jaimie T.A. , Sentis Arnaud , Laverty Ciaran , Barrios‐O'Neill Daniel , Perea Natali O. , Callaghan Amanda , Gupta Susmita 
Published: October 2019

1. Interactions between multiple predators can modify prey risk and profoundly alter ecological community dynamics. Further, ontogenic prey size changes are known to mediate prey risk through refuge effects. Understandings of these biotic factors is important for robust quantifications of natural enemy effects on target species, yet their combined influence lacks investigation.2. Functional responses were used to quantify the predatory impacts ofNotonecta glauca(water boatman;Ng) andGammarus pulex(river shrimp;Gp) towards four different larval instars ofCulex pipiensin container‐style habitats. Using conspecific pairs of predators, multiple predator effects (MPEs) of both predator species were examined across larval prey sizes, and prey preference tests were applied to examine prey selectivity across predator–prey body size ratios.3. Both predators were able to feed onC. pipiensacross their larval ontogeny; however,Ngconsumed significantly more larvae thanGp. Functional responses ofNgwere typically Type IIs, whereasGptrended towards sigmoidal Type IIIs. Predation by pairs ofNgandGpshowed independent MPEs towards first‐, third‐, and fourth‐instar stages (except predation byGpat higher densities of fourth‐instar) stages, whereas, for second‐instar stages,Ngshowed synergistic MPEs andGpshowed antagonistic MPEs. Both predators preferred late instar mosquitoes (Ng: fourth instar;Gp: third instar). These preferences reflected predator:prey weight–length ratios, showing that relative sizes of predators and prey are important factors in prey selectivity.4. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that MPEs, combined with intraspecific prey preferences, may modulate trophic interactions within ecosystems. Therefore, such effects should be increasingly considered to further the understanding of agent efficacies.
Accurate forest projections require long‐term wood decay experiments because plant trait effects change through time
Authors: Oberle Brad , Lee Marissa R. , Myers Jonathan A. , Osazuwa‐Peters Oyomoare L. , Spasojevic Marko J. , Walton Maranda L. , Young Darcy F. , Zanne Amy E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhether global change will drive changing forests from net carbon (C) sinks to sources relates to how quickly deadwood decomposes. Because complete wood mineralization takes years, most experiments focus on how traits, environments and decomposer communities interact as wood decay begins. Few experiments last long enough to test whether drivers change with decay rates through time, with unknown consequences for scaling short‐term results up to long‐term forest ecosystem projections. Using a 7 year experiment that captured complete mineralization among 21 temperate tree species, we demonstrate that trait effects fade with advancing decay. However, wood density and vessel diameter, which may influence permeability, control how decay rates change through time. Denser wood loses mass more slowly at first but more quickly with advancing decay, which resolves ambiguity about the after‐life consequences of this key plant functional trait by demonstrating that its effect on decay depends on experiment duration and sampling frequency. Only long‐term data and a time‐varying model yielded accurate predictions of both mass loss in a concurrent experiment and naturally recruited deadwood structure in a 32‐year‐old forest plot. Given the importance of forests in the carbon cycle, and the pivotal role for wood decay, accurate ecosystem projections are critical and they require experiments that go beyond enumerating potential mechanisms by identifying the temporal scale for their effects.
Exploring the research culture in the health information management profession in Australia
Authors: Kemp Trixie , Finlayson Lara , Chan Jaclyn , Lackey Gavin , Richards Dwayne , Rupnik Cassandra , White Heather , Butler‐Henderson Kerryn , Low Sarah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundResearch is an important activity that informs knowledge and practice. The research culture within the Australian Health Information Management (HIM) profession has not been previously reported.ObjectiveThis study explored the perceptions of HIM practitioners about research in their role to establish if there is a research culture in the Australian HIM profession.MethodAn online survey was distributed to the HIM community using a snowball recruitment strategy.ResultsOf the 149 respondents, more than half (54%) identified they possessed research skills from prior education, whilst 40% considered they had a strong knowledgebase in conducting research. However, only a quarter of respondents indicated that they should undertake research in their role. Barriers to undertaking research included recognition, organisational support and time.DiscussionThe findings from this study reflected other studies within clinical workforces. The lack of recognition and support to incorporate research into practitioner roles has implications for the profession and its body of knowledge.ConclusionAdvocating for research to be incorporated into practitioner roles is required to inform knowledge and practice. Increased professional development opportunities may create a stronger research culture within the HIM profession in Australia and strengthen the position of the profession within health.
Validation for Brazilian Portuguese language of the Hong Kong Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Paediatric Dentistry (BOHLAT‐P)
Authors: Firmino Ramon Targino , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia , McGrath Colman P. , Bendo Cristiane Baccin , Ferreira Fernanda Morais , Paiva Saul Martins 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral health literacy (OHL) is associated with oral health outcomes.AimTo validate the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Hong Kong OHL Assessment Task for Paediatric Dentistry (HKOHLAT‐P).DesignWe performed cross‐cultural adaptation of the HKOHLAT‐P. A sample of 200 pre‐schoolers and caregivers from Campina Grande, Brazil completed the Brazilian HKOHLAT‐P (BOHLAT‐P), sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B‐ECOHIS), and the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD‐30). Child dental caries was assessed. Instrument reliability was measured by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test‐retest (ICC). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) evaluated dimensionality. Regression models tested associations between BOHLAT‐P and exploratory variables (P < .05).ResultsBOHLAT‐P demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92; ICC = 0.95). BOHLAT‐P and BREALD‐30 scores (r = .71), number of schooling years (r = .60), and reading hours (r = .34) were positively correlated. BOHLAT‐P and B‐ECOHIS scores (r = −.22), and BOHLAT‐P scores and number of cavitated teeth (r = −.15) were negatively correlated. After controlling for confounding variables, BOHLAT‐P scores were not associated with caries or number of teeth with cavitated caries.ConclusionBOHLAT‐P is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the OHL of Brazilian parents.
A novel single‐chain enzyme complex with chain reaction properties rapidly producing thromboxane A2 and exhibiting powerful anti‐bleeding functions
Authors: Li Yan , Li Qun‐Ying , Ling Qing‐Lan , So Shui‐Ping , Ruan Ke‐He 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUncontrollable bleeding is still a worldwide killer. In this study, we aimed to investigate a novel approach to exhibit effective haemostatic properties, which could possibly save lives in various bleeding emergencies. According to the structure‐based enzymatic design, we have engineered a novel single‐chain hybrid enzyme complex (SCHEC), COX‐1‐10aa‐TXAS. We linked the C‐terminus of cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1) to the N‐terminus of the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthase (TXAS), through a 10‐amino acid residue linker. This recombinant COX‐1‐10aa‐TXAS can effectively pass COX‐1–derived intermediate prostaglandin (PG) H2 (PGH2) to the active site of TXAS, resulting in an effective chain reaction property to produce the haemostatic prostanoid, TXA2, rapidly. Advantageously, COX‐1‐10aa‐TXAS constrains the production of other pro‐bleeding prostanoids, such as prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), through reducing the common substrate, PGH2 being passed to synthases which produce aforementioned prostanoids. Therefore, based on these multiple properties, this novel COX‐1‐10aa‐TXAS indicated a powerful anti‐bleeding ability, which could be used to treat a variety of bleeding situations and could even be useful for bleeding prone situations, including nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)‐resulted TXA2‐deficient and PGI2‐mediated bleeding disorders. This novel SCHEC has a great potential to be developed into a biological haemostatic agent to treat severe haemorrhage emergencies, which will prevent the complications of blood loss and save lives.
Dental status of the Iranian elderly: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rabiei Maryam , Masoudi Rad Hossein , Homaie Rad Enayatollah , Ashourizadeh Shooka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTooth loss is an important health dilemma. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of dental status and edentulism in the elderly residing in Iran. An electronic search of the literature was carried out on Farsi and English databases using the following keywords: edentulism, dental caries, elderly, oral and dental health, edentulous, geriatric, caries, dentate, Iran, and prevalence. Articles that met the eligibility criteria according to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies In Epidemiology) checklist were selected and entered into the meta‐analysis. Data were analyzed using Stata 13.1 software, and the metan and metareg packages for used for the meta‐regression and meta‐analysis. Of the 172 articles retrieved, 154 were used after eliminating the duplicates, and their full texts were read. Of the 4574 participants evaluated in 13 studies, 2227 (48.7%) were completely edentulous (95% confidence interval [CI]: .49‐.49). Of the 4423 participants evaluated in 12 studies, 2286 (51.7%) were dentate (95% CI: .52‐.52). The mean number of remaining teeth was 5.73 (95% CI: 5.73‐5.73) in six studies conducted on 2782 participants. Approximately 50% of the elderly in Iran are completely edentulous. Efforts should be made to improve dental care instruction, provision of dental care services in the public sector, and dental insurance coverage to promote the dental status of elderly Iranians.
ZEITLUPE is required for shade avoidance in the wild tobaccoNicotiana attenuata
Authors: Zou Yong , Li Ran , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBeing shaded is a common environmental stress for plants, especially for densely planted crops. Shade decreases red: far‐red (R:FR) ratios that inactivate phytochrome B (PHYB) and subsequently release p̱hytochrome i̱nteraction f̱actors (PIFs). Shaded plants display elongated hypocotyls, internodes, and petioles, hyponastic leaves, early flowering and are inhibited in branching: traits collectively called the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). ZEITLUPE (ZTL) is a circadian clock component and blue light photoreceptor, which is also involved in floral rhythms and plant defense inNicotiana attenuata.ztlmutants are hypersensitive to red light and ZTL physically interacts with PHYB, suggesting the involvement of ZTL in R:FR light signaling. Here, we show thatN. attenuataZTL‐silenced plants display a phenotype opposite to that of the SAS under normal light. After simulated shade, the normally induced transcript levels of the SAS marker gene,ATHB2are attenuated in ZTL‐silenced plants. The auxin signaling pathway, known to be involved in SAS, was also significantly attenuated. Furthermore, NaZTL directly interacts with NaPHYBs, and regulates the transcript levels ofPHYBs, PIF3a, PIF7 and PIF8under shade. Our results suggest that ZTL may regulate PHYB‐ and the auxin‐mediated signaling pathway, which functions in the SAS ofN. attenuata.