bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization and evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Properties of some Cinnamic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Jacob B.B , Baba H. , Oluwadiya J.O. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Cinnamic acid and derivatives are widely spread in plants. They are important intermediates in the synthesis of many aromatic compounds and are known to have diverse biological activities.Objectives: To synthesize, characterize and evaluate some cinnamic acid derivatives, for possible antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.Material and methods: Different cinnamic acid derivatives were synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation reaction between malonic acid and various derivatives of benzaldehydes in the presence of pyridine and hydrochloric acid. The cinnamic acid epoxide was formed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and KOH, while dihydro-cinnamic acid and paramethoxy-dihydro-cinnamic acids were formed by reducing cinnamic acid and paramthoxy-cinnamic acid respectively with raney nickel in the presence of 10% KOH. The final products were purified on column chromatography (CC), eluting with petroleum spirit/ethyl acetate. All the synthesized compounds were unequivocally characterized using the combination of UV-Vis Spectroscopy, infra-red (FTIR), 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In-vivo anti-inflammatory activities of the synthesized compounds was investigated using egg albumin-induced paw oedema in rat; while antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion method.Results: The compounds were obtained in high yield (30 – 97 %) and purity. 3,4-dioxomethylene cinnamic acid produced the highest (60.8%) and significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effect at the 2nd hour of the highest dose. Dihydro-cinnamic acid and cinnamic acid epoxide with 4mg/kg dose produced 55.5% and 54.9% inhibition of inflammation respectively at the second hour, while para-methoxy-cinnamic acid at the second hour with 2 mg/kg dose level produced 54.0% inhibition. The reference compound; diclofenac produced no significant inhibition of inflammation at 4mg/kg dose level. All the compounds showed mild antimicrobial activities against the tested organisms.Conclusion: The findings from the study indicate that the synthesized compounds possess mild anti-inflammatory, with weak antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Keywords: anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cinnamic acid derivatives, Knoevenagel
Characterization of microemulsions formulated from naturally and chemically extracted oils from <I>Cocos nucifera</I> Linne
Authors: Adetunji O.A. , Adesanwo B. , Odeniyi O.A. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Oil derived from Cocos nucifera Linne (CNL) has been used in formulating creams; however, its use in formulation of microemulsion is not well documented in literature.Objective: Oils obtained from CNL were characterized, used in the formulation of microemulsions and were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties in comparison with Castor oil BP (CO) and commercially available coconut oil (CACO).Methodology: Oil from CNL was extracted by maceration in hot – water and petroleum ether to yield naturally extracted oil (NEO) and chemically extracted oil (CEO) respectively. The NEO and CEO were used in formulating microemulsions containing pre-determined ratios (3:7, 1:1, 9:1) of oil to surfactant mix (Smix) [containing polyethylene glycol: Tween 80® at ratio 2:1] Characterization of NEO, CEO and microemulsions were carried out using elemental constituents, rheology, physico-and phyto-chemical analysis, thermal stability and antimicrobial profiles as parameters. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA at p<0.05Results: The NEO and CEO contained antraquinones and terpenoids, but were devoid of lead, copper, zinc, alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids. Viscosity profiles were in the order CO>CEO>CACO>NEO. The microemulsions were in the size range 54.24±0.26-89.08±0.07 μm. Microemulsions of oil:Smix (3:7) were the most stable. Inhibition ranking was Candida sp.D25 (CEO:Smix>CACO: Smix>NEO: Smix>NEO>CO>CEO), Candida sp.D33 (CEO = CO>CACO: Smix=NEO>CEO:Smix=NEO:Smix), Staphylococcus sp.DS2 (NEO>CO>CACO:Smix>NEO: Smix>CEO: Smix=CEO) and Pseudomonas sp.DP8 (NEO:Smix>CO>CACO:Smix>CEO:Smix=NEO > CEO).Conclusion: Oil derived from CNL has good potentials as an excipient in the formulation of microemulsions and the method of oil extraction had a significant effect on the antimicrobial activities and on the microemulsions formulated using the oils.
Keywords: Coconut oil, extraction method, castor oil, microemulsions, antimicrobial properties.
Application of Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract (Mose) in the Removal of Heavy Metals from Tannery Wastewater
Authors: Tanko M.A. , Sanda B.Y. , Bichi M.H. 
Published: August 2020

The main focus of this research work is to investigate the possibility of applying Moringa oleifera seed extract for the removal of heavy metals from tannery wastewater. Samples were collected from effluent discharge points of the GB tannery, Muhaza tannery and Z-tannery which are located in Challawa Industrial Area, Kano, Nigeria. The samples analyzed for physico-chemical parameters are pH, temperature, hardness, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, total suspended solid, total dissolved solid, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrates, sulphates and sulphide and heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, copper, cobbalt, iron, lead, manganese and zinc. The results show that the final levels of heavy metals after the application of Moringa Oliefera seed extracts were within NESREA acceptable limits. The heavy metal removal efficiencies were as follows; 99.29% for cadmium, chromium and iron while 96.03%, 95.56%, 96.84%, 87.41%, 91.35% for copper, cobalt, lead, manganese and zinc, respectively. The cheap, easy and environmentally friendly material called Moringa oleifera could be recommended to tannery companies for effective removal of heavy metals so as to have a safe, non-polluting environment and also prevent endangering the lives of aquatic organisms andHUMANS
Keywords: Moringa Oleifera, tannery, wastewater, heavy metal, wastewater
Effects of dietary <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i> supplementation on gustation, stomach histology and growth performance of African catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Gbadamosi Oluyemi K. , Bernadine W. Obe 
Published: August 2020

This study assessed the effects of microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum supplement on the gustation, stomach histology, growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. One hundred and fifty (150) C. gariepinus juveniles of mean weight 20.05±0.05g were distributed into 15 plastic tanks (40×30×35) cm3. Five graded levels (0.00 (control), 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00g/100g of P. tricornutum supplements were included in the diets of C. gariepinus denoted as Control, PT1, PT2, PT4 and PT5, respectively. Fish were fed for 56 days at 5% body weight. Results at the end of the experiments showed that the highest body weight was recorded in fish fed 1.5g/100g P. tricornutum diets. The best feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and percentage survival was found in PT3. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the feed intake of fish with PT4 having the highest feed intake. The stomach histology revealed increase in the gustation cells in the stomach of experimental fish with increasing levels of P. tricornutum supplementation. This study showed that the inclusion of P. tricornutum supplement at 1.5g/100g level in the diet of C. gariepinus juveniles improved the gustation, growth performance and nutrient utilization of C. gariepinus.
Keywords: Microalgae, Aqua feed, Nutrition, Gustation, African catfish
Effects of Sand Bed Anti-Vibration Mount on Transmitted Noise from Portable On-Site Electricity Generator
Authors: Aremu A.S. , Amao T.K. , Mokuolu O.A. 
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the effect of different particle sizes of sand bed anti-vibration mount on transmitted noise from a portable on-site electricity generator. Ten sand bed anti-vibration mounts, 650mm x 650mm in cross section and 75mm thickness were prepared with particle sizes ranging from 0.09 to 2.30mm. Noise measurements were taken in the four cardinal directions using Extech HD600 digital sound level meter. The results of the study showed that the ability of the sand particles to dampen vibration noise from the portable electricity generator reduces with increase in particle size. The sand bed anti-vibration mounts reduced noise levels by 0.11 to 2.78 dB(A). However, fine sand bed of particle size 0.09mm and 0.15mm exhibited superiority in noise reduction over all other sand beds. In order to achieve appreciable noise reduction, the use of ISO 14688-1:2002 fine sand category is recommended as anti-vibration mount in combination with other damping methods.
Keywords: Electricity generator, noise, sand, particle size and attenuation
Antibiotic potential of some synthesized derivatives of C-9154 antibiotic
Authors: Bello Isaac Asusheyi , Bello Isaac Asusheyi , Ndukwe George Iloegbulam , Amupitan Joseph Olorunju , Ayo Rachael Gbekele , Shode Francis Oluwole 
Published: August 2020

Structural modification of the C-9154 antibiotic in an attempt to simultaneously improve its activity and lower its toxicity led to the synthesis of an analogue of the C-9154 antibiotic and six derivatives of this analogue. The significant reduction of the polarity of the synthesized analogue in the derivatives to increase permeability across cell membranes was achieved by conversion of the highly polar carboxylic group to the nonpolar ester functional groups. The compounds were synthesized by condensation of 4-nitroaniline with maleic anhydride and then conversion of the terminal carboxylic acid functional group to an ester functional group using a thionyl chloride-mediated esterification. The in vitro biological activity using gram positive bacteria (MRSA, S. pyogenes, B. subtilis, and C. ulcerans), gram negative bacteria (E. coli, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, S. typhii, S. dysenteriae, and K. pneumonia and some fungi (C. albicans, A. nigre and T. rubrum), showed that the derivatives were more active than their respective analogue and significantly better than the standard antibiotics (Sparfloxacin and Fluconazole) used for comparison, establishing their potential or use as antibiotics. The derivatives exhibited activity at concentrations as low as 0.625μg/mL while the analogue was active at 2.5μg/mL. These values were higher than results obtained for the standard drugs which showed activity at concentrations of 5 μg/mL. The derivatives however did not show activity against A. nigre whereas the analogue was active against it.
Keywords: C-9154 Antibiotic, Bioactivity, Fumaramidmycin, antibacterial, antifungal
Digital Colonialism on Digital Natives: A WhatsApp Usage Perspective
Authors: Oji Ruth Karachi Benson , Nzeaka Emmanuel Ezimako 
Published: August 2020

In the new media debate, digital colonialism has become a topic of serious contention. This work looks into the allegation that the internet is exploitative of digital natives’ daily routine and regulates their lives. This study explores this argument in relation to the degree of consciousness of digital natives to seek out their perception of politics of Western domination in the WhatsApp usage. Therefore, the primary purpose of this paper is to find out whether digital slavery is real. Centre Periphery theory and Electronic Colonisation theory form the theoretical background of the study, which utilised questionnaires to determine areas of controversy. Using survey, we found that digital natives do not count the use of the WhatsApp as an element of colonialism. Consequently, 53.26% of the natives do not consider themselves enslaved to WhatsApp usage and thus its colonial powers; however, 28.26% view themselves as willing slaves consequent on the benefits from using the App, while an 18.48% are unsure of their position. Based on the results, it is argued that the concept of digital slavery in terms of absolute dependence on WhatsApp does not quite appeal to digital natives, except that the amount of time they spend on it could make them enslaved, whether or not they agree. To be surer of the level of influence of internet based apps on digital natives, it is recommended that further studies be conducted that will investigate the amount of time they spend on other apps, using a wider sample population.
Keywords: Digital Colonialism, Digital Natives, WhatsApp Usage, Western Domination, Electronic Colonisation
Diversity and distribution of phytophagous and predatory mites on rosehip (Rosa canina L.) (Rosaceae) in Ankara, Turkey
Authors: ERDOĞAN Tuğba , COBANOGLU Sultan 
Published: August 2020

The study was carried out to detect phytophagous and predatory mites on rosehip (Rosa canina L.) (Rosaceae) in Ankara, Turkey. The samples were collected monthly from Ayaş, Çubuk, Gölbaşı, Haymana, Kahramankazan and Kızılcahamam districts of Ankara province from March to November between 2012 and 2014. As a result, a total of 12 mite species were identified namely; Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher), Bryobia kissophila Eyndhoven, Eotetranychus populi (Koch), Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), Cenopalpus pulcher (Canestrini and Fanzago) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), Tarsonemus smithi Ewing (Acari: Tarsonemidae) as phytophagous mites, and Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans), Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans), Paraseiulus triporus (Chant and Yoshida-Shaul), Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bagdasarjani Wainstein and Arutunjan, T. (A.) psyllakisi (Swirski and Ragusa) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Zetzellia mali (Ewing) (Acari: Stigmaeidae) as predatory mites. Tetranychus urticae and K. aberrans are the most common phytophagous and predatory mites, respectively. Tarsonemus smithi is a new record for the Turkish fauna.
Análisis Histórico Crítico de la Proporción en Occidente desde el Período Griego hasta el Renacimiento
Authors: Idrobo Cárdenas Ximena 
Published: August 2020

El estudio de la proporción ha sido relevante en el diseño desde el periodo griego hasta el Renacimiento, Existen infinidad de tratados que abordan el tema, pero no de manera explícita. De la inexistencia de un cuerpo teórico específico de la proporción en los periodos de estudio, se establece como objetivo determinar los elementos constitutivos de la proporción desde el análisis histórico-crítico, a través del análisis de las definiciones desde el periodo griego hasta el Renacimiento, el procedimiento de diseño y la determinación o no de los componentes de un sistema proporcional. Metodológicamente se procedió a utilizar los métodos histórico-crítico para desentrañar los elementos que caracterizan las proporciones o sistemas, el método analógico proporcional para establecer los elementos comunes en las definiciones que emergen en los periodos de estudio, el método sistémico-estructural para la determinación de las directrices aplicativas y los componentes de un sistema proporcional. El análisis histórico crítico de la proporción desde el periodo griego hasta el Renacimiento permitió, establecer los elementos constitutivos de la proporción que por su complejidad trasciende el nivel de categoría compositiva y se convierte en sistema proporcional, así como también demostrar la relevancia del manejo de la proporción en el diseño y su vinculación con el pensamiento y las consideraciones estéticas.
Estudio de cobertura del programa espacial de monitoreo de desastres naturales “Copernicus” en países de Latinoamérica
Authors: Moreno Valarezo Gerlani Jalid , Achig Lizbeth , Ruilova Jomaira , Vinueza Rodrigo 
Published: August 2020

El avance de los satélites de observación de la tierra ha sido de gran utilidad para la realización de varios estudios importantes relacionados a áreas que relacionan el cambio global, ya que proporcionan información cartográfica del planeta y datos en tiempo real que ayuda a la visualización y monitoreo de desastres naturales. El Servicio de Gestión de Emergencias (EMS) del Satélite Copernicus es un claro ejemplo de Satélites de Observación de la Tierra ofertando servicios e información geoespacial oportuna y precisa derivada de la detección de desastres por satélites y completada por fuentes de datos disponibles, un claro ejemplo de ello es la misión Copernicus Sentinel-2, la cual comprende de dos satélites de órbita polar colocados en la órbita del sol con una fase de 180° entre sí, este proyecto tiene la finalidad de mantener un monitoreo constante de los cambios de la superficie de la Tierra, así también enfoques como la gestión de emergencias, seguridad y cambio climático. Con el objetivo de conocer su funcionamiento, se diseñó una simulación de un satélite de observación que proporcione una cobertura a países de América Latina tratando de acercarnos a la realidad en caso de implementarse alguna clase de estos satélites en un lugar específico de la zona sur del continente americano.
ENFERMEDAD RENAL CRÓNICA, HIPERPARATIROIDISMO Y VITAMINA D
Authors: Soutelo María Jimena 
Published: August 2020

El hiperparatiroidismo secundario (HTP2) es una complicación común de la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). La consecuencia más frecuente del HTP2 es la enfermedad ósea, pero cabe destacar que niveles elevados de PTH guardan relación directa con enfermedades extra óseas. En pacientes con diabetes y enfer- medad renal debe realizarse el seguimiento y control para evitar complicaciones del metabolismo fosfocálcico y disminuir el riesgo de anemia y enfermedad cardiovascular. Los movimientos iónicos pueden observarse en etapas tempranas de la ERC. Se recomienda la medición de calcio, fósforo, PTH, FAL y vitamina D a partir de un FG <60 ml/min y suplementar con vitamina D en valores <30 ng/dl.
ENFERMEDAD RENAL DIABÉTICA EN PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS
Authors: Hirschler Valeria 
Published: August 2020

La albuminuria es un marcador temprano de enfermedad renal; su diagnóstico se define cuando el rango de albumina/creatinina es mayor de 30 mg/g y persiste en al menos dos de tres determinaciones, igual que en la población adulta. Las conclusiones de varios estudios pediátricos son contradictorias; algunos hallan asociación entre obesidad, factores de riesgo cardiovascular y albuminuria y otros no. Se sugiere que la excreción urinaria de albúmina podría estar aumentada en los niños normopeso vs los obesos lo cual podría deberse al incremento de la actividad física en los niños normopeso respecto de los niños obesos. Un estudio en adolescentes con diabetes tipo 2 observó que aquellos que presentaban albuminuria desarrollaban insuficiencia renal en la adultez temprana. En la diabetes tipo 1 se recomienda el screening para microalbuminuria anualmente después de los 10 años de edad o a los 5 años del comienzo de la enfermedad y en diabetes tipo 2 al momento del diagnóstico.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KESELARASAN KELUARGA BAGI WANITA BEKERJA DI BEBERAPA UNIVERSITAS DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Nuryati Nuryati 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keselarasan keluarga bagi wanita yang bekerja di beberapa universitas di Yogyakarta.
Jenis penelitian ini termasuk penelitian survai. Populasi penelitian ini sejumlah 280 wanita yang bekerja di enam universitas di Yogyakarta, yakni: Universitas Ahmad Dahian, Universitas Cokroaminoto, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Universitas Prokiamasi, Universitas PGRI, dan Universitas Widya Mataram. Penentuan sampel sejumlah 120 responden yang ditentukan melalui formula Cohen, dengan pengambilan sampel responden dan enam universitas di Yogyakarta menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan model skala Likert dan analisisnya menggunakan analisis deskriptif, uji regresi, dan uji regresi ganda. Menentukan persyaratan analisis regresi dianalisis dengan uji normalitas, lineantas, multikolineantas, dan homosedatisitas.
Hasil analisis deskriptif mengungkapkan, bahwa: keselarasan keluarga bagi wanita yang bekerja masuk pada kategori cukup baik; latar belakang pendidikan wanita yang bekerja masuk pada kategon pendidikan yang tinggi; pendapatan wanita yang bekerja masuk pada kategori pengahasilan yang besar; dan manajemen waktu bagi wanita bekerja masuk pada kategori cukup disiplin. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Latar beiakang pendidikan wanita yang bekerja berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keselarasan keluarga (β= 0,227; p=0,027 < 0,05). (2) Pendapatan wanita bekerja berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keselarasan keluarga (β2= 0,212; p=0,040 < 0,05). (3) Manajemen waktu wanita yang bekerja berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keselarasan keluarga (β3= 0,419; p=0,000 < 0,05). Hasil analisis regresi ganda menunjukkan terdapat pengarah yang signifikan secara bersama-sama antara variabel latar belakang pendidikan, pendapat wanita bekerja, dan manajemen waktu terhadap keselarasan keluarga (Ry,123= 0,624; F= 24,693; p= 0,000 < 0,05) dengan besarnya kontribusi sebesar 39%. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa latar beiakang pendidikan, pendapat wanita bekerja, dan manajemen waktu dapat mempengaruhi terhadap keselarasan keluarga bagi wanita yang bekerja di universitas di Yogyakarta.
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBELAJARAN PKN BERBASIS INKLUSI DI HOMESCHOOLING
Authors: Bowo Ahmad Nasir Ari 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi pembelajaran PKn berbasis inklusi di homeschooling kota Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di homeschooling Anak Pelangi Yogyakarta, dalam merencanakan dan mengembangkan pembelajaran inklusi sesuai dengan karakteristik siswa. Di awal masuk atau pendaftaran, calon siswa terlebih dahulu melakukan test fingerprint dan psikotest. Hal tersebut dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan kesimpulan tentang bakat, minat, dan potensi anak, sehingga memudahkan pihak guru dalam mengembangkan potensi anak sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Bidang akademik dan psikologi akan memberikan hasil test kepada guru yang digunakan sebagai rekomendasi dan referensi untuk penanganan serta metode mengajar yang tepat bagi siswa, dengan demikian guru dapat mengembangkan kurikulum sesuai dengan karakteristik siswa.
Adapun Pelaksanaan pembelajaran di Homeschooling lebih singkat dibanding sekolah formal pada umumnya. Dengan jumlah tatap muka dan durasi lebih singkat, maka guru dapat menyampaikan materi-materi sesuai kemampuan masing-masing siswa. Dapat diketahui bahwa, penerapan pembelajaran PPKn Inklusi Homeschooling Yogyakarta antara lain: (a) ketika test masuk calon siswa baru, mereka melakukan test fingerprint, dan psikotest, (b) hasil test fingerprint dan psikotest digunakan untuk mengetahui karakteristik, potensi, latar belakang, dari siswa, (c) guru menerapkan kurikulum KTSP yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan keadaan siswa.