bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2020 roadmap on solid-state batteries
Authors: Pasta Mauro , Armstrong David , Brown Zachary L. , Bu Junfu , Castell Martin R , Chen Peiyu , Cocks Alan , Corr Serena A , Cussen Edmund J , Darnbrough Ed , Deshpande Vikram , Doerrer Christopher , Dyer Matthew S , El-Shinawi Hany , Fleck Norman , Grant Patrick , Gregory Georgina L. , Grovenor Chris , Hardwick Laurence J , Irvine John T S , Lee Hyeon Jeong , Li Guanchen , Liberti Emanuela , McClelland Innes , Monroe Charles , Nellist Peter D , Shearing Paul R , Shoko Elvis , Song Weixin , Jolly Dominic Spencer , Thomas Christopher I , Turrell Stephen J , Vestli Mihkel , Williams Charlotte K. , Zhou Yundong , Bruce Peter G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Li-ion batteries have revolutionized the portable electronics industry and empowered the electric vehicle (EV) revolution. Unfortunately, traditional Li-ion chemistry is approaching its physicochemical limit. The demand for higher density (longer range), high power (fast charging), and safer EVs has recently created a resurgence of interest in solid state batteries (SSB). Historically, research has focused on improving the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes, yet ceramic solids now deliver sufficient ionic conductivity. The barriers lie within the interfaces between the electrolyte and the two electrodes, in the mechanical properties throughout the device, and in processing scalability. In 2017 the Faraday Institution, the UK’s independent institute for electrochemical energy storage research, launched the SOLBAT (solid-state lithium metal anode battery) project, aimed at understanding the fundamental science underpinning the problems of SSBs, and recognising that the paucity of such understanding is the major barrier to progress. The purpose of this Roadmap is to present an overview of the fundamental challenges impeding the development of SSBs, the advances in science and technology necessary to understand the underlying science, and the multidisciplinary approach being taken by SOLBAT researchers in facing these challenges. It is our hope that this Roadmap will guide academia, industry, and funding agencies towards the further development of these batteries in the future.
Community, suffering and entitlement: food and morality in the French front-line towns, 1914–1918
Authors: Dowdall Alex 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Between 1914 and 1918, deteriorating living standards and inequalities in food supply generated powerful subjective meanings in France. A moral vocabulary arose that castigated hoarders and profiteers and exalted front-line soldiers who made the ultimate sacrifice in the trenches. This moral language helped to regulate social tensions by defining acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. As this article demonstrates, however, this moral economy did not function in a uniform manner across the country but developed highly localized inflections. This is evident from the case of civilians living in towns under fire and under military occupation at the Western Front, who suffered greater hardships than civilians in the interior. At the front, local wartime experiences shaped attitudes towards other social groups, the state and the national community. Social class was not the only category that defined the moral economy of wartime; so too did a sense of community generated by local war experiences.
Is “Busy” Always Better? Time-Use Activities and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Mexican Adults
Authors: Gutierrez Sirena , Milani Sadaf Arefi , Wong Rebeca 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Depression among older Mexican adults is underrecognized and of increasing concern due to its association with comorbidities including cognitive and functional impairments. Prior studies have found an association between low involvement levels in social activities and depression. We aimed to examine the association of time-use activities and depressive symptomatology by sex.

Research Design and Methods
We used data from the 2012 and 2015 waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Participants aged 60 and older who had low or no depressive symptoms in 2012 were included in these analyses (N = 4,309). Factor analysis was used to group activities and logistic regression models were used to assess the association of baseline time use with depressive symptomatology in 2015.

Results
Among those with low or no depressive symptomatology in 2012, 21.0% reported elevated symptoms (5+) in 2015. Those with elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to be women, older, lower educated, and with at least one activity of daily living limitation. Four time-use domains emerged from the factor analysis including hobbies and indoor activities, volunteering, caregiving, and working. The hobbies and indoor activities domain was associated with lower odds of elevated symptoms for men and women (odds ratio [OR]: 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.96; and OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61–0.91, respectively). Additionally, the volunteer and community activities domain was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms for women (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58–0.89) and men (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60–0.99).

Discussion and Implications
Understanding how older Mexicans distribute their time among different activities and its associations with depressive symptoms can help guide policy and sex-specific interventions for psychological well-being. Certain domains had lower odds for elevated depressive symptomatology; future work should examine this association in other countries as well as the context of the built environment.
Lefschetz Operators, Hodge–Riemann Forms, and Representations
Authors: Fiebig Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
For a field of characteristic $\ne 2$, we study vector spaces that are graded by the weight lattice of a root system and are endowed with linear operators in each simple root direction. We show that these data extend to a weight lattice graded semisimple representation of the corresponding Lie algebra, if and only if there exists a bilinear form that satisfies properties (roughly) analogous to those of the Hodge–Riemann forms in complex geometry. In the 2nd part of the article, we replace the field by the $p$-adic integers (with $p\ne 2$) and show that in this case the existence of a certain bilinear form is equivalent to the existence of a structure of a tilting module for the associated simply connected $p$-adic Chevalley group.
Experiences of research ethics committee members and scientists of the research protocol review process in Uganda: a case study
Authors: Ssali Agnes , Poland Fiona , Seeley Janet 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
We investigated how relevant and responsive scientists and research ethics committee (REC) members considered the research protocol review processes for health research practice in Uganda.

Methods
Interviews were conducted with five scientists and five REC members. Data were analysed thematically.

Results
How much to compensate for time, the amount of study information shared with volunteers and sample storage for future unknown research were areas of concern for REC members. Delays in getting feedback concerned scientists.

Conclusions
Researchers and REC members need to hold regular discussions to ensure the review process is relevant and responsive.
Developments on PlagZap, the Fast and Free Textual Plagiarism Detection Solution for Universities
Authors: Băutu Elena , Băutu Andrei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Plagiarism among university students is an important issue that affects their preparation and undermines the universities’ efforts to prepare skilled graduates. Universities try to fight this problem back with strict ethics policies, but they require the proper plagiarism detection tools, at affordable costs, to implement these policies. In this paper, we present PlagZap, a cost-efficient, high-volume and high-speed plagiarism detection system built using open-source software and designed to be used on textual student assignments. We discuss the advantages of this design, plagiarism obfuscation methods and empirical results from using PlagZap.
Machine learning techniques for computer-based decision systems in the operating theatre: application to analgesia delivery
Authors: Gonzalez-Cava Jose M , Arnay Rafael , Mendez-Perez Juan Albino , León Ana , Martín María , Reboso Jose A , Jove-Perez Esteban , Calvo-Rolle Jose Luis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This work focuses on the application of machine learning techniques to assist the clinicians in the administration of analgesic drug during general anaesthesia. Specifically, the main objective is to propose the basis of an intelligent system capable of making decisions to guide the opioid dose changes based on a new nociception monitor, the analgesia nociception index (ANI). Clinical data were obtained from 15 patients undergoing cholecystectomy surgery. By means of an off-line study, machine learning techniques were applied to analyse the possible relationship between the analgesic dose changes performed by the physician due to the hemodynamic activity of the patients and the evolution of the ANI. After training different classifiers and testing the results under cross validation, a preliminary relationship between the evolution of ANI and the dosage of remifentanil was found. These results evidence the potential of the ANI as a promising index to guide the infusion of analgesia.
Dynamic Global Currency Hedging
Authors: Christensen Bent Jesper , Varneskov Rasmus Tangsgaard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article proposes a model for discrete-time currency hedging based on continuous-time movements in portfolio and foreign exchange rate returns. The vector of optimal currency exposures is given by the negative realized regression coefficients from a one-period conditional expectation of the intraperiod quadratic covariation matrix for portfolio and exchange rate returns. Empirical results from an extensive hedging exercise for equity investments illustrate that currency exposures exhibit important time variation, leading to substantial volatility reductions when hedging, without sacrificing returns. A risk-averse investor is willing to pay several hundred annual basis points to switch from existing hedging methods to the proposed dynamic strategies.
Histone deacetylase 4 inhibits NF-κB activation by facilitating IκBα sumoylation
Authors: Yang Qi , Tang Jielin , Xu Chonghui , Zhao He , Zhou Yuan , Wang Yanyi , Yang Min , Chen Xinwen , Chen Jizheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Protein modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is an important regulatory mechanism for multiple cellular processes. Although the canonical pathway involving the ubiquitylation or phosphorylation of IκBα has been well characterized, little is known about the sumoylation of IκBα in the control of NF-κB activity. Here, we find that histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) negatively regulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha- or lipopolysaccharide-triggered NF-κB activation. HDAC4 belongs to the SUMO E3 ligase family and can directly sumoylate IκBα. The cytoplasm location of HDAC4 is essential for IκBα sumoylation. The Cys292 of HDAC4 is a key site for its SUMO E3 ligase activity. The sumoylation of IκBα prevents its polyubiquitination and degradation because these two modifications occur both at the Lys21. Our findings reveal a previously undiscovered role for HDAC4 in the inflammatory response as a SUMO E3 ligase for IκBα sumoylation. Our work provides insight into mechanisms ensuring optimal mediation of the NF-κB pathway.
The Islamic State's Pattern of Sexual Violence: Ideology and Institutions, Policies and Practices
Authors: Revkin Mara Redlich , Wood Elisabeth Jean 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Islamic State (IS), which controlled significant territory in Iraq and Syria between 2014 and 2017, engaged in a wide repertoire of violence against civilians living in these areas. Despite extensive media coverage and scholarly attention, the determinants of this pattern of violence remain poorly understood. We argue that, contrary to a widespread assumption that the IS wielded violence indiscriminately, it systematically targeted different social groups with distinct forms of violence, including sexual violence. Our theory focuses on ideology, suggesting it is a necessary element of explanations of patterns of violence on the part of many armed actors. Ideologies, to varying extent, prescribe organizational policies that order or authorize particular forms of violence against specific social groups and institutions that regulate the conditions under which they occur. We find support for our theory in the case of sexual violence by IS by triangulating between several types of qualitative data: official documents; social media data generated by individuals in or near IS-controlled areas; interviews with Syrians and Iraqis who have knowledge of the organization's policies including victims of violence and former IS combatants; and secondary sources including local Arabic-language newspapers. Consistent with our theory, we find that the organization adopted ideologically motivated policies that authorized certain forms of sexual violence, including sexual slavery and child marriage. Forms of violence that violated organizational policies but were nonetheless tolerated by many commanders also occurred and we find evidence of two such practices: gang rape of Yazidi women and forced marriage of Sunni Muslim women.
Massive bleeding of a jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a rare case of a life-threatening presentation
Authors: Mahmoud Schauki , Salman Hosam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is a rare neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Massive bleeding due to a jejunal GIST is a diagnostic challenge and could present as a life-threatening situation needing urgent intervention. A 54-year-old woman presented with episodes of melaena and haematochezia for the previous 3 days. An oesophagoduodenoscopy was inconclusive. A contrast computed tomography (CT) scan showed a well-defined extraluminal mass in the proximal jejunum suggestive of a bleeding GIST. Her haemodynamic state deteriorated despite initial supportive therapy including a blood transfusion. An urgent laparotomy to excise the jejunal mass was performed. Histopathology and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis. She subsequently received adjuvant imatinib therapy. She has remained symptom free at 5 months post-op. We therefore present a rare case of obscure massive gastrointestinal bleeding due to a jejunal GIST. The CT scan was the most effective investigation to detect the source of bleeding in this case.
Regulation of mRNA Translation in Axons
Authors: Patel Priyanka , Sahoo Pabitra K. , Kar Amar N. , Twiss Jeffery L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Axons can extend long distances from the neuronal cell body, and mRNA translation in axons is used to locally generate new proteins in these distal reaches of the neuron’s cytoplasm. Work over the past two decades has shown that axonal mRNA translation occurs in many different organisms and different neuronal systems. The field has progressed substantially over this time, moving from documenting mRNA translation in axons to understanding how axonal mRNA translation is regulated and what the protein products do for the neuron. Translational regulation in axons extends beyond merely controlling activity of the protein synthesis machinery. Transport of mRNAs into axons, stability of the mRNAs within the axons, and sequestration of mRNAs away from the translational machinery each contribute to determining what proteins are generated in axons, as well as when and where those proteins are generated within the axon. It is now known that thousands of different mRNAs can localize into axons. Based on unique responses to different axonal translation regulating stimuli and events, there clearly is specificity for when different mRNA populations are translated. How that specificity is driven is just now beginning to be understood, and studies emerging over the last five years point to multiple mechanisms for imparting specificity for regulation of axonal protein synthesis responses.
Leadership Styles of Political Executives
Authors: Keller Jonathan W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the leadership styles of political executives—that is, the ways in which executives relate to constituents, advisers, and other leaders in the political domain. The scholarship on this topic, spanning the fields of political science, psychology, management science, and public administration, provides answers to fundamental questions about when leaders matter and which aspects of leadership style generate specific policy-making processes and outcomes. General conclusions include the dual importance of contextual factors and political skill in shaping leaders’ effectiveness, and the central roles played by leaders’ task versus relations orientations and sensitivity to the political context. Significant progress in this field will require more research on non-Western leaders, rigorous comparative analysis of political executives, methodological refinement in measuring leadership styles, ‘bridge-building’ among balkanized academic subfields, and more systematic efforts to identify areas of consensus and gaps within the existing scholarship.
One-year results after transitioning from etanercept originator to biosimilar in a setting promoting shared decision-making in rheumatology
Authors: Müskens Wieland D , Rongen-van Dartel Sanne A A , Teerenstra Steven , Adang Eddy M M , van Riel Piet L C M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim was to study the effect of non-mandatory transitioning from etanercept originator to etanercept biosimilar on retention rates in a setting promoting shared decision-making.

Methods
In 2016, all patients treated with etanercept originator and stable disease at the Rheumatology department in Bernhoven were offered transitioning to etanercept biosimilar by an opt-in approach. A historical cohort of patients treated with etanercept originator in 2015 was identified as the control group. Etanercept discontinuation was compared between the cohorts using Cox regression. To study the nocebo effect, reasons for discontinuation were categorized into objective reasons (e.g. laboratory abnormalities, increase in swollen joint count, allergic reaction) and subjective health complaints (symptoms perceptible only to the patient, e.g. tiredness, arthralgia). An adjusted Kaplan–Meier curve for retention of the etanercept biosimilar was made, censoring subjective health complaints as the reason for discontinuation.

Results
Seventy of the 79 patients eligible for transitioning agreed to transition (89%). The 1-year crude retention rate of etanercept in the transition cohort was 73% (95% CI: 0.62, 0.83), compared with a retention rate of 89% (95% CI: 0.81, 0.95) in the historical cohort (P = 0.013). This resulted in a higher risk of treatment discontinuation in the transition cohort (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.23, 6.05, P = 0.01). After adjusting for the nocebo effect, the cohorts had comparable retention rates (86 vs 89%, P = 0.51).

Conclusion
Non-mandatory transition from etanercept originator to its biosimilar using an opt-in approach in a setting promoting shared decision-making resulted in a higher discontinuation of etanercept compared with the historical cohort. This could be attributed largely to the nocebo effect.
Botulinum Toxin A as a Treatment for Provoked Vestibulodynia
Authors: Haraldson Philip , Mühlrad Hanna , Heddini Ulrika , Nilsson Kent , Bohm-Starke Nina 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate pain reduction after two injections of 50 units botulinum toxin A compared with placebo for provoked vestibulodynia.

METHODS:
We conducted a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial of 50 units botulinum toxin A or placebo injected in the bulbocavernosus muscles twice, 3 months apart, in women with provoked vestibulodynia. Primary outcome was self-reported dyspareunia or pain at tampon use on a visual analog scale (VAS, 0–100). Secondary outcomes were pain at weekly tampon insertion (VAS score), reduction of pelvic floor hypertonicity (measured with a vaginal manometer), adverse events, and sexual function and distress. A sample size of 38 participants for each group was calculated to achieve a statistical power of 80% based on an effect size of 20 VAS units (0–100) (mean score range 56–76±31 SD).

RESULTS:
Between May 2016 and June 2018, 124 women with provoked vestibulodynia were assessed, and 88 were randomized to botulinum toxin A (BTA group, n=44) or placebo (placebo group, n=44). Primary outcome showed a lower but statistically nonsignificant pain rating by 7 VAS units (95% CI −15.0 to 0.4) in the BTA group compared with the placebo group. Secondary results showed a significant decrease in pain at weekly tampon insertion by 11 VAS units (95% CI −16.6 to 6.0) with botulinum toxin A injection. The vaginal manometer measured lower maximum contraction strength by 7 mm Hg (95% CI −12.7 to −2.4) and lower 10-second endurance strength by 4 mm Hg (95% CI −7.72 to −1.16) in the BTA group compared with the placebo group. No changes were observed for sexual function and distress, but there was a significant increase in women attempting vaginal intercourse in the BTA group (0.27, 95% CI 0.06–0.48). No severe adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSION:
Twice-repeated injections of 50 units of botulinum toxin A in women with provoked vestibulodynia did not reduce dyspareunia or pain at tampon use, but secondary outcomes suggested positive effects of the treatment.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02773641.
Neurophysiological and Behavioral Responses ofIxodes scapularisto host odors
Authors: Josek Tanya , Sperrazza Jared , Alleyne Marianne , Syed Zainulabeuddin 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe black-legged tick,Ixodes scapularis(Ixodida, Ixodidae), is one of the major disease vectors in the United States and due to multiple human impact factors, such as decreasing forest size for land development and climate change, it has expanded its range and established across the United States. Throughout the life cycle, ticks locate hosts for their blood-meal and although the ecologies of this tick and their hosts have been studied in depth, the sensory physiology behind host location largely remains unexplored. Here we report establishing a robust paradigm to isolate and identify odors from the natural milieu forI. scapularis. We performed single sensillum recordings (SSR) from the olfactory sensilla on the tick tarsi, and used the SSR system as biological detector to isolate natural compounds that elicited biological activity. The SSR setup was further tested in tandem with gas chromatography (GC) wherein the ticks’ olfactory sensillum activity served as a biological detector. The GC-SSR recordings from the wall pore sensilla in the Haller’s organ, and further identification of the biologically active deer glad constituents by GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed methyl substituted phenols as strong chemostimuli, as compared to ethyl or propyl substitutions. Strongest electrophysiological activity was elicited bymeta-cresolfollowed bypara-cresol. Ethyl- and propylphenols with any of the three,ortho, metaorparasubstitutions, did not induce any neurophysiological activity. Finally, a behavioral analysis in a dual-choice olfactometer of all these phenols at three different doses revealed no significant behavioral response, except forp-cresol at −3 dilution Overall, this study contributes to our understanding ofI. scapularistick’s neurophysiology and provides a robust platform to isolate and identify natural attractants and repellents.