bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in nonnative plant invasion along mountain roads
Authors: Clavel Jan , Lembrechts Jonas , Alexander Jake , Haider Sylvia , Lenoir Jonathan , Milbau Ann , Nuñez Martin A. , Pauchard Anibal , Nijs Ivan , Verbruggen Erik 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Plant associated mutualists can mediate invasion success by affecting the ecological niche of nonnative plant species. Anthropogenic disturbance is also key in facilitating invasion success through changes in biotic and abiotic conditions, but the combined effect of these two factors in natural environments is understudied.

To better understand this interaction, we investigated how disturbance and its interaction with mycorrhizas could impact range dynamics of nonnative plant species in the mountains of Norway. Therefore, we studied the root colonisation and community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in disturbed vs undisturbed plots along mountain roads.

We found that roadside disturbance strongly increases fungal diversity and richness while also promoting AM fungal root colonisation in an otherwise ecto‐mycorrhiza and ericoid‐mycorrhiza dominated environment. Surprisingly, AM fungi associating with nonnative plant species were present across the whole elevation gradient, even above the highest elevational limit of nonnative plants, indicating that mycorrhizal fungi are not currently limiting the upward movement of nonnative plants.

We conclude that roadside disturbance has a positive effect on AM fungal colonisation and richness, possibly supporting the spread of nonnative plants, but that there is no absolute limitation of belowground mutualists, even at high elevation.
Infochemicals in terrestrial plants and seaweed holobionts: current and future trends
Authors: Schmidt Ruth , Saha Mahasweta 
Published: September 2020

SummarySince the holobiont concept came into the limelight ten years ago, we have become aware that responses of holobionts to climate change stressors may be driven by shifts in the microbiota. However, the complex interactions underlying holobiont responses across aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems remain largely unresolved. One of the key factors driving these responses is the infochemical‐mediated communication in the holobiont. In order to come up with a holistic picture, in this Viewpoint we compare mechanisms and infochemicals in the rhizosphere of plants and the eco‐chemosphere of seaweeds in response to climate change stressors and other environmental stressors, including drought, warming and nutrient stress. Furthermore, we discuss the inclusion of chemical ecology concepts that are of crucial importance in driving holobiont survival, adaptation and/or holobiont breakdown. Infochemicals can thus be regarded as a ‘missing link’ in our understanding of holobiont response to climate change and should be investigated while investigating the responses of plant and seaweed holobionts to climate change. This will set the basis for improving our understanding of holobiont responses to climate change stressors across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Nearly Unbiased Estimation of Autoregressive Models for Bounded Near‐Integrated Stochastic Processes*
Authors: Carrion‐i‐Silvestre Josep Lluís , Gadea María Dolores , Montañés Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper investigates the estimation bias of autoregressive models for bounded near‐integrated stochastic processes and the performance of the standard procedures in the literature that aim to correct the estimation bias. In some cases, the bounded nature of the stochastic processes worsens the estimation bias effect. The paper extends two popular autoregressive estimation bias correction procedures to cover bounded stochastic processes. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that accounting for the bounded nature of the stochastic processes leads to improvements in the estimation of autoregressive models. Finally, an illustration is given using the unemployment rate of the G7 countries.
Tooth extraction without discontinuation of oral antithrombotic treatment: A prospective study
Authors: Pippi Roberto , Scorsolini Maria Giulia , Luigetti Luca , Pietrantoni Alessandra , Cafolla Arturo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify which variable, among those related to surgeries, to patients, or to antithrombotic treatments, could be considered as a bleeding indicator, and to analyze effectiveness of the local hemostatic protocols used, incidence of bleeding and healing index, depending on the number of extracted teeth, and patient antithrombotic treatment.MethodsPatients who underwent tooth extractions without interruption or reduction of antithrombotic treatment were prospectively followed. The exact two‐tailed Fisher test was used to investigate the relationship between presence/absence of bleeding and type of hemostatic material. The effect of variables on the probability of bleeding and healing index was assessed by means of a multivariate logistic regression.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐four procedures were analyzed. The incidence of bleeding was 15.75%. Severe bleeding occurred in only 6 patients (2.34%). The number of involved dental quadrants and pre‐surgical antibiotic treatments were found to be positively related with bleeding. The use of vasoconstrictors during surgery resulted in a reduction of healing index scores.ConclusionsTooth extractions in patients on antithrombotic treatment were found to be free from significant bleeding although the involvement of more than 1 quadrant in the same procedure should be avoided.
Targeting dissociation using cognitive behavioural therapy in voice hearers with psychosis and a history of interpersonal trauma: A case series
Authors: Varese Filippo , Douglas Maggie , Dudley Robert , Bowe Samantha , Christodoulides Thomas , Common Stephanie , Grace Tim , Lumley Victoria , McCartney Laura , Pace Sonia , Reeves Thomas , Morrison Anthony P. , Turkington Douglas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have suggested that dissociation might represent an important mechanism in the maintenance of auditory verbal hallucinations (i.e., voices) in people who have a history of traumatic life experiences. This study investigated whether a cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention for psychosis augmented with techniques specifically targeting dissociative symptoms could improve both dissociation and auditory hallucination severity in a sample of voice hearers with psychosis and a history of interpersonal trauma (e.g., exposure to sexual, physical, and/or emotional abuse).DesignCase series.MethodsA total of 19 service users with psychosis were offered up to 24 therapy sessions over a 6‐month intervention window. Participants were assessed four times over a 12‐month period using measures of dissociation, psychotic symptoms severity, and additional secondary mental‐health and recovery measures.ResultsSixteen participants engaged in the intervention and were included in last‐observation‐carried‐forward analyses. Dropout rates were in line with those of other CBT for psychosis trials (26.3%). Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed large and significant improvements in dissociation (drm = 1.23) and hallucination severity (drm = 1.09) by the end of treatment; treatment gains were maintained 6 months following the end of therapy. Large and statistically significant gains were also observed on measures of post‐traumatic symptoms, delusion severity, emotional distress, and perceived recovery from psychosis.ConclusionsThe findings of this case series suggest that the reduction of dissociation represents a valuable and acceptable treatment target for clients with auditory verbal hallucinations and a trauma history. Future clinical trials might benefit from considering targeting dissociative experiences as part of psychological interventions for distressing voices.Practitioner points

Practitioners should consider the role of dissociation when assessing and formulating the difficulties of voice hearers with a history of trauma.

Techniques to reduce dissociation can be feasibly integrated within psychological interventions for voices.

Voice hearers with histories of trauma can benefit from psychological interventions aimed at reducing dissociation.
Genetics of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Huang Mei‐Feng , Lee Wei‐Ju , Yeh Yi‐Chun , Liao Yi‐Chu , Wang Shuu‐Jiun , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Chen Cheng‐Sheng , Fuh Jong‐Ling 
Published: September 2020

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations between candidate gene variants and domains of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and the changes in these associations over a 1‐year period.MethodsSeven hundred and ninety‐three Taiwanese participants (47.8% female) with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were enrolled. Genes associated with a risk of developing AD were selected as candidate genes. NPS were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q), and the NPI‐Q total score and sub‐scores for the Psychosis, Mood, and Frontal Syndrome domains were calculated.ResultsPatients with AD and the APOE ε4 allele exhibited more obvious symptoms of psychosis. Mood symptoms were associated with CD33 rs3865444 and EPHA1 rs11767557, and frontal symptoms were associated with SORL1 rs3824968. A 1‐year Time × Alleles interaction effect of CD33 rs3865444 on mood symptoms was discerned.ConclusionRisk genes of AD, which are also associated with NPS, are APOE ε4 for psychosis, CD33 and EPHA1 for mood symptoms, and SORL1 for frontal symptoms. The association between CD33 and mood symptoms is dynamic and could change over 1 year; however, the results should be interpreted with caution because corrections for multiple comparisons were not performed.
Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease after combined heart‐liver transplant in patients with congenital heart disease: A retrospective case series
Authors: Lee Angela , Concepcion Waldo , Gonzales Selena , Sutherland Scott M. , Hollander Seth A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough it is known that children undergoing heart transplantation are at increased risk for both AKI and CKD, renal function following CHLT remains understudied. All pediatric CHLT patients from 2006 to 2019 were included. The prevalence of AKI in the first 7 post‐operative days, renal recovery at 30 post‐operative days, and CKD were ascertained. AKI was defined as an increase in creatinine greater than 1.5 times baseline, and CKD, as an eCrCl less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. The need for RRT was also analyzed. 10 patients were included, with an average age of 20 years and an average listing time of 130 days. Preoperatively, the median eCrCl was 91.12 mL/min/m2 (IQR 70.51, 127.75 min/mL/m2). 5 (50%) patients had CKD, with 4 at stage 2 and 1 at stage 3. AKI occurred post‐operatively in 3 of 9 (33%) patients: 2 at stage 1 and 1 at stage 2. 2 (67%) resolved by 7 days. Of the 5 patients who reached their 1‐year follow‐up, 1 (20%) had stage 3 CKD. Among 2 patients, neither had CKD at 5 years. One patient required RRT 2 weeks after CHLT. Despite an increased prevalence of preoperative CKD, patients undergoing CHLT have a lower AKI prevalence than those receiving an isolated heart or liver transplant. Of those with AKI, early renal recovery is common, although at 1 year CKD remains present in 20%. Among long‐term survivors, normal renal function is achievable.
Unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Suo Pan , Wang Shasha , Xue Yujuan , Cheng Yifei , Kong Jun , Yan Chenhua , Zhao Xiangyu , Chen Yao , Han Wei , Xu Lanping , Zhang Xiaohui , Liu Kaiyan , Zhang Leping , Huang Xiaojun , Wang Yu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders and is rare in children. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is commonly used in children with MDS with excess blasts and in patients with refractory cytopenia of childhood (RCC) associated with monosomy 7, complex karyotype, severe neutropenia, or transfusion dependence. We recruited 27 children with MDS who received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT). At transplantation, 10 patients had RCC, 12 patients had advanced MDS (RAEB and RAEB‐T), and 5 patients had myelodysplasia‐related acute myeloid leukemia (MDR‐AML). All patients received granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)–mobilized bone marrow cells and peripheral blood stem cells. At a median follow‐up of 24.1 months (range: 2.0‐74.5 months) after HSCT, the estimated probabilities of 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were both 81.9% (95% CI, 66.8‐100.0%). The estimated 3‐year incidences of relapse (CIR) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM) were both 7.4% (95% CI, 1.2%‐21.4%). The 100‐day cumulative incidence of grade II–IV aGVHD was 52.6% (95% CI, 42.9‐62.3%), while that of grade III–IV aGVHD was 11.1% (95% CI, 5.1‐17.1%). The 3‐year cumulative incidences of overall and extensive cGVHD were 42.3% (95% CI, 19.8%‐57.5%) and 21.1% (95% CI, 2.5%‐63.2%), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that chronic GVHD significantly affected OS and DFS. Haploidentical HSCT may be an effective treatment option with easier donor availability for pediatric patients with MDS.
Histological evaluation of tumor differentiation score and prognosis of extrahepatic bile duct cancer: A proposal for a new histological grading system
Authors: Komatsubara Toshihide , Sakuma Yasunaru , Sata Naohiro , Fukushima Noriyoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExtrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) cancer is a devastating cancer, and more common in Asian countries than in Western countries. Histological grading continues to be a highly relevant factor in prognosis and management of many kinds of cancer, however no uniform histological grading system exists for EHBD cancer. Histological heterogeneity within tumors is a problem in the evaluation of EHBD cancer. We developed an EHBD histological grading scheme to evaluate tumor differentiation pattern, and statistically analyzed its relationship with prognosis. In the present study, 257 surgically resected EHBD cancers were reviewed and their histological glandular differentiation (HGD) pattern was scored, and then we summed up the most and second most predominant scores. These scores were statistically analyzed for their relationship with patient prognosis. Patients showed a trend of shortening recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in association with higher HGD scores. In multivariate analyses, HGD score was determined to be an influential factor in RFS (P = 0.00041) and OS (P < 0.0001). In addition, combining HGD score and lymph node status correctly stratified patient prognosis in RFS. In conclusion, this new HGD scoring system is highly practical and has powerful prognostic value for EHBD cancer.
The burden of immune‐mediated refractoriness to platelet transfusions in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Cheok Kathleen P. L. , Chhetri Rakchha , Wee Li Yan A. , Friel Oisin , Pham Anh , Salvi Arabelle , McRae Simon , Bardy Peter , Singhal Deepak , Roxby David J. , Wood Erica M. , Hiwase Devendra K. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundUp to 65% of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have thrombocytopenia and require platelet (PLT) transfusion. The current standard of practice is to provide random‐ or single‐donor PLT transfusion and manage PLT refractoriness (PLT‐R) if and when it develops. This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors for immune‐mediated PLT‐R in patients in the South Australian (SA) MDS Registry.Study Design and MethodsA retrospective analysis of MDS patients enrolled in the SA‐MDS registry was performed. HLA data was analyzed from January 2003 to 30 June 2017 to ensure minimum follow‐up of 2 years.ResultsDuring the study period, 341 of 681 (50%) MDS patients required at least one PLT transfusion, with 29 of 341 (9%) of all PLT transfusion patients requiring HLA‐matched PLT transfusion for PLT‐R. Of these 29 patients, 70% were females treated with disease‐modifying therapies suggesting that these patients are at high risk of HLA alloimmunization.ConclusionsImmune‐mediated PLT‐R is common in MDS and can be expensive and difficult to manage once it occurs. Therefore, PLT transfusion practices should be optimized, especially for female MDS patients planned for disease‐modifying therapies. This can help save time and streamline management, especially in the provision of PLT products for these patients, where the consequences of alloimmunization and PLT‐R can be severe.
Backchannels and the pragmatics of South Asian Englishes
Authors: Kraaz Michelle , Bernaisch Tobias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe pragmatics of postcolonial Englishes including backchannels have so far remained in the periphery of academic inquiry. As pragmatic principles may be regarded as culture‐sensitive and various cultural differences have been attested between Great Britain and South Asia, the present paper studies backchannels in British, Indian and Sri Lankan English. Drawn from the respective spoken parts of the International Corpus of English, 3,212 backchannels are multifactorially modelled via a conditional inference tree and random forests including recent methodological improvements. Indications of pragmatic nativisation with backchannels are evident in Indian and Sri Lankan English with their distributions and forms in the light of various sociobiographic factors such as age and gender, but also type‐token ratio and conversational topic resonate with cultural differences across the speech communities. Lexical echo backchannels only attestable in the South Asian varieties instantiate a creative pragmatic innovation adding to the existing repertoire of backchannels in world Englishes.
A Method to Determine the Geometry-Dependent Bending Stiffness of Multilayer Graphene Sheets
Authors: Ma Xiaojie , Liu Luqi , Zhang Zhong , Wei Yueguang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We consider how the bending stiffness of a multilayer graphene sheet relies on its bending geometry, including the in-plane length L and the curvature κ. We use an interlayer shear model to characterize the periodic interlayer tractions due to the lattice structure. The bending stiffness for the sheet bent along a cylindrical surface is extracted via an energetic consideration. Our discussion mainly focuses on trilayer sheets, particularly the complex geometry-dependency of their interlayer stress transfer behavior and the overall bending stiffness. We find that L and κ dominate the bending stiffness, respectively, in different stable regions. These results show good quantitative agreement with recent experiments where the stiffness was found to be a non-monotonic function of the bending angle (i.e., Lκ). Besides, for a given in-plane length, the trilayer graphene in the flat state (κ → 0) is found to have the maximum bending stiffness. According to our analytical solution to the flat state, the bending stiffness of trilayer graphene sheet can vary by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, once multilayer graphene sheets are bent along a cylindrical surface with small curvature, the sheets perform similar characteristics. Though the discussion mainly focuses on the trilayer graphene, the theoretical framework presented here can be readily extended for various van der Waals materials beyond graphene of arbitrary layer numbers.
Effects of Robust Convex Optimization on Early-Stage Design Space Exploratory Behavior
Authors: Pillai Priya P. , Burnell Edward , Wang Xiqing , Yang Maria C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Engineers design for an inherently uncertain world. In the early stages of design processes, they commonly account for such uncertainty either by manually choosing a specific worst-case and multiplying uncertain parameters with safety factors or by using Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the probabilistic boundaries in which their design is feasible. The safety factors of this first practice are determined by industry and organizational standards, providing a limited account of uncertainty; the second practice is time intensive, requiring the development of separate testing infrastructure. In theory, robust optimization provides an alternative, allowing set-based conceptualizations of uncertainty to be represented during model development as optimizable design parameters. How these theoretical benefits translate to design practice has not previously been studied. In this work, we analyzed the present use of geometric programs as design models in the aerospace industry to determine the current state-of-the-art, then conducted a human-subjects experiment to investigate how various mathematical representations of uncertainty affect design space exploration. We found that robust optimization led to far more efficient explorations of possible designs with only small differences in an experimental participant’s understanding of their model. Specifically, the Pareto frontier of a typical participant using robust optimization left less performance “on the table” across various levels of risk than the very best frontiers of participants using industry-standard practices.
Surface Curvature Effects on Film Cooling Performance for Shaped Holes on a Model Turbine Blade
Authors: Moore Jacob D. , Yoon Christopher , Bogard David G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Surface curvature has been shown to have significant effects on the film cooling performance of round holes, but the literature include few studies of its effects on shaped holes despite their prevalence in gas turbines. Experiments were performed using two rows of holes placed on the suction side of a scaled-up turbine blade in a low Mach number linear cascade wind tunnel with low freestream turbulence. The rows were placed in regions of high and low convex surface curvature. Geometries and flow conditions for the rows were matched to those from previous flat plate studies. Comparison of the adiabatic effectiveness results from the high curvature and flat plate rows revealed the same trends as those in the literature using round holes, with increased performance for the high curvature row at lower blowing ratios and the opposite at higher ones. The low curvature row had similar performance to the flat plate row at lower blowing ratios, suggesting the mild convex curvature had little beneficial effect. At higher blowing ratios, the low curvature row had inferior performance, which was attributed to the local freestream adverse pressure gradient that generated additional turbulence, promoting jet-to-mainstream mixing and decreasing performance.