bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Top-down characterization of resource use in LCA: from problem definition of resource use to operational characterization factors for dissipation of elements to the environment
Authors: van Oers Lauran , Guinée Jeroen B. , Heijungs Reinout , Schulze Rita , Alvarenga Rodrigo A. F. , Dewulf Jo , Drielsma Johannes , Sanjuan-Delmás David , Kampmann Tobias C. , Bark Glenn , Uriarte Ainara Garcia , Menger Pierre , Lindblom Mats , Alcon Lucas , Ramos Manuel Sevilla , Torres Juan Manuel Escobar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The methods for assessing the impact of using abiotic resources in life cycle assessment (LCA) have always been heavily debated. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of a common understanding of the problem related to resource use. This article reports the results of an effort to reach such common understanding between different stakeholder groups and the LCA community. For this, a top-down approach was applied.

Methods
To guide the process, a four-level top-down framework was used to (1) demarcate the problem that needs to be assessed, (2) translate this into a modeling concept, (3) derive mathematical equations and fill these with data necessary to calculate the characterization factors, and (4) align the system boundaries and assumptions that are made in the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) model and the life cycle inventory (LCI) model.

Results
We started from the following definition of the problem of using resources: the decrease of accessibility on a global level of primary and/or secondary elements over the very long term or short term due to the net result of compromising actions. The system model distinguishes accessible and inaccessible stocks in both the environment and the technosphere. Human actions can compromise the accessible stock through environmental dissipation, technosphere hibernation, and occupation in use or through exploration. As a basis for impact assessment, we propose two parameters: the global change in accessible stock as a net result of the compromising actions and the global amount of the accessible stock. We propose three impact categories for the use of elements: environmental dissipation, technosphere hibernation, and occupation in use, with associated characterization equations for two different time horizons. Finally, preliminary characterization factors are derived and applied in a simple illustrative case study for environmental dissipation.

Conclusions
Due to data constraints, at this moment, only characterization factors for “dissipation to the environment” over a very-long-term time horizon could be elaborated. The case study shows that the calculation of impact scores might be hampered by insufficient LCI data. Most presently available LCI databases are far from complete in registering the flows necessary to assess the impacts on the accessibility of elements. While applying the framework, various choices are made that could plausibly be made differently. We invite our peers to also use this top-down framework when challenging our choices and elaborate that into a consistent set of choices and assumptions when developing LCIA methods.
Long-term causes of populism
Authors: Bischi Gian Italo , Favaretto Federico , Carrera Edgar J. Sanchez 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhy is populism emerging now in Europe? Why is it present in USA and Latin America? What model of political choice may explain these facts? Our paper addresses these questions by building an evolutionary game with two groups of players that decide whether to support a populist party by weighting demand for redistribution and demand for tough policy against immigration. Fundamentally, it is assumed that agents care about immigration the more they fear it and the higher number of other people care about it. Overall, positive shifts in the fear of immigration and increases in inequality drive citizens to converge toward supporting populists. The stability of the equilibria depends on the crucial parameters of the model, namely: fear of immigrants, the effect that the population type (the number of citizens supporting populism) have on individual preferences, economic inequality. Different equilibria represent different cases of populism: South-American left-wing populism and European right-wing populism. We propose that an economic society with a low inequality of wealth and with a low fear of immigrants is needed to avoid populism.
If phenolic compounds in the soil with buckwheat residues affect the emergence and growth of weed seedlings?
Authors: Szwed Magdalena , Mitrus Joanna , Wiczkowski Wiesław , Dębski Henryk , Horbowicz Marcin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine if common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) residues affect a phenolics composition in soil, and are effective for limiting emergence, growth and metabolic changes in barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), wild oat (Avena fatua L.), yellow foxtail (Setaria pumila Schult.), silky windgrass (Apera spica-venti L.), catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine L.), scentless mayweed (Matricaria inodora L.), and tiny vetch (Vicia hirsuta L.). In the study, the residues of 14-day-old buckwheat plants were used (cv. Hruszowska). After removal of the above-ground parts, the buckwheat root residues (BRR) remained in the soil for an additional 7 days before the weeds were sown. For comparison, under the same cultivation conditions, the effect of entire buckwheat plant residues (BPR) in soil was assessed. BPR and BRR in the soil caused a decrease in the emergence of all weed species except the tiny vetch. The growth of barnyard grass, wild oat, yellow foxtail, catchweed bedstraw, and scentless mayweed was inhibited by BRR, but not BPR. BRR had a particularly strong inhibitory effect on the growth of scentless mayweed (SM) and catchweed bedstraw (CB). Thirty-day-old SM and CB control plants were about 4 and 3.5 times higher, respectively, than plants growing in the presence of BRR. Furthermore, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in the barnyard grass and catchweed bedstraw were more prominently reduced by BRR than BPR. Stressful conditions caused by buckwheat residues in the soil increased the level of phenolic compounds in the tissues of weeds examined. Soil with buckwheat residues contained a low level of phenolic compounds, which may indicate their slow release from the residue or rapid utilisation by microorganisms. These phenolic compounds probably cannot be directly responsible for allelopathic inhibition of weed emergence and growth.
Self-Adjoint Extensions with Friedrichs Lower Bound
Authors: Gallone Matteo , Michelangeli Alessandro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe produce a simple criterion and a constructive recipe to identify those self-adjoint extensions of a lower semi-bounded symmetric operator on Hilbert space which have the same lower bound as the Friedrichs extension. Applications of this abstract result to a few instructive examples are then discussed.
Comparison of differences in bone microarchitecture in adult- versus juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes Asian males versus non-diabetes males: an observational cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Xu Lingling , Yu Jie , Wang Ou , Hou Yanfang , Li Wei , Zhang Huabing , Ping Fan , Xu Qun , Li Yuxiu , Xia Weibo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Evidence about bone microarchitecture in Asian type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients is lacking. We assessed the bone microarchitecture in T1D patients versus controls and compare the differences between juvenile-onset and adult-onset T1D patients.

Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 32 Asian males with T1D and 32 age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) for ultradistal nondominant radius and tibia were performed. The data were analyzed using Student’s t test and analysis of covariance.

Results
Among the patients, 15 had juvenile-onset T1D, with a median disease duration of 11 years, and 17 had adult-onset T1D, with a median disease duration of 7 years. At the radius, adult-onset and juvenile-onset T1D patients had lower total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), trabecular vBMD, trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (p < 0.05) than the control subjects. After adjusting for BMI, disease duration, and insulin dose, juvenile-onset patients tended to have lower trabecular vBMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, and intracortical porosity (Ct.Po) than adult-onset patients. At the tibia, adult-onset patients displayed lower total vBMD, lower Ct. vBMD, and higher Ct.Po (p < 0.05), while juvenile-onset patients had lower Tb.Th and standard deviation of trabecular number (1/Tb.N.SD) (p < 0.05) than control subjects. After adjustment for covariates, adult-onset patients tended to have higher cortical pore diameter (Ct.Po.Dm) than juvenile-onset patients.

Conclusions
T1D patients were associated with compromised bone microarchitecture, adult-onset and juvenile-onset T1D patients demonstrated some differences in cortical and trabecular microarchitecture.
Kisspeptin and LH pulsatility in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
Authors: Podfigurna Agnieszka , Maciejewska-Jeske Marzena , Meczekalski Blazej , Genazzani Alessandro D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) occurs in response to exaggerated stressors with or without body weight loss. Various hormones, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators are involved in the control of GnRH and kisspeptin is one of them. Our study aimed to evaluate the putative temporal coupling between kisspeptin and GnRH-induced LH pulsatile secretion.

Methods
In total, 71 patients with FHA were selected for this study. All patients undergo to a pulsatility study for LH and kisspeptin evaluation (120 min, sampling every 10 min), and to an endocrine evaluation for prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), androstenedione (A), 17-hydroxy-progesterone (17OHP), TSH, fT3, fT4, insulin, cortisol and testosterone (T), glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides.

Results
Our data demonstrated kisspeptin and LH pulsatile secretions and that both hormones are co-secreted and temporally coupled at time 0 (p < 0.05). When patients were subdivided in hypo-LH (≤3 mIU/ml, n = 58) and normo-LH (>3 mIU/ml, n = 13), more insights were observed on the specific correlations of metabolic and hormone profiles with pulsatility indexes of LH and kisspeptin.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated the presence of a distinct kisspeptin episodic secretion in patients with FHA, and showed the temporally coupling of kisspeptin with LH secretory episodes thus supporting that though in amenorrhea, the reproductive axis is still relying on kisspeptin to drive GnRH discharge. In addition, correlations among hormonal data sustain the hypothesis that stress-induced compensatory events are the main direct and indirect promoters of the reproductive blockade in patients affected by FHA.
Karrierewege FH-Professur
Authors: Rademaker Anna Lena , Stricker Michael 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag setzt sich aus Teilnehmendensicht mit dem Modellprogramm „Karrierewege FH-Professur“ auseinander, das 2016 bis 2020 in NRW durchgeführt wurde und gibt Anregungen zu dessen Fort- und Weiterentwicklung.
Benefits and Limitations of Eliciting the Well-Being Views of Two-Four Year Olds Living in a Low-Income Area in England
Authors: Street Martina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper reports findings from a small-scale qualitative study exploring the views of two - four year olds about their well-being. While interest in children’s views about their well-being has been increasing over the past couple of decades, the views of young children are under-researched, particularly those living in low-income areas. Deficit social constructions of young children and their capacities to ‘express’ (usually understood as ‘verbalise’) ‘reasoned’ (usually understood as ‘cognitive’) views have largely fuelled their exclusion. The study involved 18 young children living in one of England’s most economically disadvantaged areas. Data were generated with children by using the Mosaic Approach, comprising multiple creative methods. The findings suggest that young children conceptualise their well-being in the here-and-now; they enjoy opportunities to be social and to participate in activities and decisions that affect them. However, while it may be beneficial to young children’s sense of well-being to acknowledge their agency, and to treat their views with respect, it may be more beneficial to them to do so by also recognising their ‘mutuality of being’. In this sense, eliciting the views of young children about their well-being is not only under-researched, but under-socialised and de-historicised. The paper concludes by proposing an integrative approach to well-being, which neither privileges nor abstracts children from their social and material contexts.
Effects of α-mangostin on embryonic development and liver development in zebrafish
Authors: Pimtong Wittaya , Kitipaspallop Wannakarn , Chun Hang-Suk , Kim Woo-Keun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Alpha-mangostin has potential as a chemopreventive agent but there is little information on its toxicological profile and developmental toxicity.

Objective
We evaluated the effects of α-mangostin on embryonic development and hepatogenesis in zebrafish.

Result
Exposure of embryos to 0.25–4 μM α-mangostin from 4–120 h post-fertilization (hpf) caused mortality of embryos with LC50 1.48 ± 0.29 μM. The compound also caused deformities, including head malformation, pericardial oedema, absence of swim bladder, yolk oedema, and bent tail. Exposure of zebrafish embryos to α-mangostin during early hepatogenesis (16–72 hpf) decreased the transcript expression levels of liver fatty acid-binding protein 10a (Fabp10a), but increased gene markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. In Fabp10a:DsRed transgenic zebrafish, the intensity and the area of fluorescence in the liver of the treated group were decreased (non-significantly) relative to controls.

Conclusion
These effects were more marked during early hepatogenesis (16–72 hpf) than during post-hepatogenesis (72–120 hpf).
Assessing the potential of bioeconomy in Slovakia based on public perception of renewable materials in contrast to non-renewable materials
Authors: Navrátilová Lenka , Výbošťok Jozef , Dobšinská Zuzana , Šálka Jaroslav , Pichlerová Magdaléna , Pichler Viliam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a need for societal transformation towards bioeconomy, which promotes the replacement of non-renewable natural resources with renewable ones. Slovakia has considerable potential for bioeconomy development, yet this potential remains untapped. This article evaluates the public perception regarding the individual properties of renewable and non-renewable materials and their relation to the potential for bioeconomy development in Slovakia. It is found that Slovak consumers prefer natural renewable materials, regardless of other influencing factors, and realise the need for transformation towards a more sustainable economy.
Assumptions in ecosystem service assessments: Increasing transparency for conservation
Authors: Schröter Matthias , Crouzat Emilie , Hölting Lisanne , Massenberg Julian , Rode Julian , Hanisch Mario , Kabisch Nadja , Palliwoda Julia , Priess Jörg A. , Seppelt Ralf , Beckmann Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConservation efforts are increasingly supported by ecosystem service assessments. These assessments depend on complex multi-disciplinary methods, and rely on a number of assumptions which reduce complexity. If assumptions are ambiguous or inadequate, misconceptions and misinterpretations may arise when interpreting results of assessments. An interdisciplinary understanding of assumptions in ecosystem service science is needed to provide consistent conservation recommendations. Here, we synthesise and elaborate on 12 prevalent types of assumptions in ecosystem service assessments. These comprise conceptual and ethical foundations of the ecosystem service concept, assumptions on data collection, indication, mapping, and modelling, on socio-economic valuation and value aggregation, as well as about using assessment results for decision-making. We recommend future assessments to increase transparency about assumptions, and to test and validate them and their potential consequences on assessment reliability. This will support the taking up of assessment results in conservation science, policy and practice.
A conceptual model of the social–ecological system of nature-based solutions in urban environments
Authors: Tzoulas Konstantinos , Galan Juanjo , Venn Stephen , Dennis Matthew , Pedroli Bas , Mishra Himansu , Haase Dagmar , Pauleit Stephan , Niemelä Jari , James Philip 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article provides a perspective on nature-based solutions. First, the argument is developed that nature-based solutions integrate social and ecological systems. Then, theoretical considerations relating to relational values, multifunctionality, transdisciplinarity, and polycentric governance are briefly outlined. Finally, a conceptual model of the social–ecological system of nature-based solutions is synthesised and presented. This conceptual model comprehensively defines the social and ecological external and internal systems that make up nature-based solutions, and identifies theoretical considerations that need to be addressed at different stages of their planning and implementation The model bridges the normative gaps of existing nature-based solution frameworks and could be used for consistent, comprehensive, and transferable comparisons internationally. The theoretical considerations addressed in this article inform practitioners, policymakers, and researchers about the essential components of nature-based solutions. The conceptual model can facilitate the identification of social and ecological interconnections within nature-based solutions and the range of stakeholders and disciplines involved.
Study of Temporal Thermal Response of Microfiber Bragg Grating
Authors: Liao Changrui , Yang Tianhang , Han Jinli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFiber Bragg grating has been successfully fabricated in the silica microfiber by the use of femtosecond laser point-by-point inscription. Temporal thermal response of the fabricated silica microfiber Bragg grating has been measured by the use of the CO2 laser thermal excitation method, and the result shows that the time constant of the microfiber Bragg grating is reduced by an order of magnitude compared with the traditional single-mode fiber Bragg grating and the measured time constant is ~ 21ms.
Age effect on tree structure and biomass allocation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)
Authors: Hu Man , Lehtonen Aleksi , Minunno Francesco , Mäkelä Annikki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Key message
Tree structure equations derived from pipe model theory (PMT) are well-suited to estimate biomass allocation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies[L.] Karst.). However, age dependence of parameters should be accounted for when applying the equations.

Context
Pipe model theory-based (PMT-based) structure equations have been incorporated in many process-based models. However, more data concerning old-growth trees is needed to test the reliability and generality of the structure equations.

Aims
This study (1) tested the age independence of the PMT-based structure equations and (2) provided general information about the stability of tree structure with age.

Methods
A total of 162 Scots pine and 163 Norway spruce trees in four age groups were analysed to test the age effect on the parameters of structure equations using a linear mixed model. Biomass of stem, branch and foliage was estimated from destructive measurements, and with other tree dimensions, they were used to present the tree growth patterns.

Results
(1) Stem biomass proportion increased with age, while branch and foliage biomass proportion decreased; biomass allocation and most tree variables became steady after maturing. (2) PMT-based structure equations were well-suited to Scots pine and Norway spruce in all age groups; however, age dependence was detected in the parameters of these equations, except for the branch-related equations in Scots pine and stem form coefficient below the crown base in both species.

Conclusion
Our study (1) provides information applicable to predictions of growth and biomass allocation in old boreal stands and (2) suggests taking age effect into account when structure equations are implemented in forest growth models.
Asthma in Competitive Cross-Country Skiers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mäki-Heikkilä Rikhard , Karjalainen Jussi , Parkkari Jari , Valtonen Maarit , Lehtimäki Lauri 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction
In cross-country skiing, the repetitive ventilation of large amounts of cold and dry air strains the airways. The aim of this systematic review was to establish an overview of the current literature on asthma in cross-country skiers, biathletes and ski-orienteers.

Methods
Six databases were searched on August 29, 2019. The search yielded 2161 articles. Thirty articles fulfilled the search criteria and were pooled together for a qualitative synthesis. Eight articles were included in the meta-analysis on the prevalence of asthma and the use of asthma medication.

Results
According to the meta-analysis, the prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma in skiers was 21% (95% CI 14–28%). The onset age of asthma was higher in skiers than in non-skiers with asthma. The prevalence of asthma medication use was on average 23% (CI 95% 19–26%). Several studies reported that asthma was underdiagnosed in skiers, as previously healthy skiers without a prior asthma diagnosis or medication use were frequently found to fulfill diagnostic criteria for asthma according to lung function tests. Studies using bronchial biopsy demonstrated that eosinophilic asthma is not detected in skiers with asthma as often as it is in non-skiers with asthma and that there are signs of airway inflammation even in non-asthmatic skiers.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the accuracy and coverage of diagnosing asthma in skiers has improved over the recent decades. However, the optimal treatment and natural course of asthma in this population remain unclear. Future research should investigate how the intensity of training, airway infections and their treatment affect the development of asthma among skiers.

PRD registration number
CRD42017070940.