bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the relationship between the coronavirus crisis and air pollution in Tunisia?
Authors: Chekir Nihel , Ben Salem Yassine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has generated horror and panic around the world. Nevertheless, this terrible crisis is having a positive side effect: it is lowering pollution levels. The outbreak of the coronavirus has caused many governments to impose measures to slow the spread of the virus within populations, such as limiting population displacement, requesting social distancing and the isolation of individuals at home, and reducing industrial activity. In this work, we investigated the effects of governmental measures taken to limit the spread of COVID-19 on the concentrations of air pollutants over four Tunisian cities (Tunis, Sousse, Sfax, and Tataouine). Data on the average daily levels of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter during January, February, March, and April of 2020 were collected, treated, and analyzed for each city. Curves of average monthly pollutant concentrations from 1 January to 30 April for each city investigated showed that measures taken to reduce the spread of the virus had a substantial impact on emission levels: there were tremendous drops of 51% in NO2 and 52% in SO2 over Sfax City during March compared to those during January, while nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide levels dropped by about 38% and 42%, respectively, over Tunis City and by around 20% for Sousse. During the four months investigated, almost all of the pollutant concentrations showed a significant drop from mid-March. On 12 March, the Tunisian government imposed some individual and collective measures to protect the population from the virus, such as social distancing, limiting transportation, shutting down schools and universities, and reducing industrial activity. A general lockdown was brought in later. Thus, restricting human and industrial activities appeared to affect the air quality in Tunisia, leading to a marked improvement in the air quality index.

Graphic abstract
Effectiveness of meperidine versus tramadol on post spinal anesthesia shivering in elective cesarean section: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Tilahun Abere , Seifu Ashenafi , Aregawi Adugna , Abera Bacha , Demsie DesalegnGetnet 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Post Spinal Anesthesia Shivering (PSAS) is common side effect during spinal anesthesia. Shivering could be treated with tramadol or meperidine. However, comparative effectiveness of the two drugs has not been assessed in our institution.

Study objective:
To evaluate effectiveness of meperidine versus tramadol on post spinal anesthesia shivering in mothers under go cesarean section.

Methods:
This prospective observational cohort study was conducted on74 ASA II and III obstetric mothers from December 20-March 20, 2017/18. Patients with PSAS received IV tramadol (0.5 mg/kg) or meperidine 0.5 mg/kg as independent decision of responsible anesthetist. Then they were followed for time of cessation of shivering, reoccurrence of shivering, hemodynamic changes, and occurrence of side effects such as sedation, nausea and vomiting. The collected data were entered Epi Info version 7.0 and exported to SPSS version 22. The mean difference of categorical data was analyzed with the Chi-Square test. Independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate numerical data -value less than 0.05 were considered statistical significance.

Results:
The mean time to ceased shivering was 4.45 ± 3.18 min and 3.08 ± 1.30 min in meperidine and tramadol groups, respectively (p = 0.021). The hemodynamic changes like mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), arterial saturation (SpO2) and body temperature changes were all comparable between the two groups. Recurrence of shivering after treatment was less in tramadol group 6 (16.2%) than meperidine group 9 (24.3%). Sedation, nausea and vomiting were reported as a side effect in both groups with no statistical significant (p > 0.05). Sedation was higher in Meperidine group 9 (24.3%) than tramadol group 3 (8.1%). Nausea and vomiting were found to be higher in tramadol group 9 (24.3%) than meperidine group 3 (8.1%).

Conclusions:
Both tramadol and meperidine effectively controlled shivering in clients during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Tramadol offered rapid onset, less recurrence and less sedation as a side effect when compared to meperidine.

Highlights
Anti‐Phased Miocene Ice Volume and CO2 Changes by Transient Antarctic Ice Sheet Variability
Authors: Stap L. B. , Knorr G. , Lohmann G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGeological evidence indicates large continental‐scale Antarctic ice volume variations during the early and mid‐Miocene. On million‐year timescales, these variations can largely be explained by equilibrium Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) simulations. In contrast, on shorter orbital timescales, the AIS needs not be in equilibrium with the forcing and ice volume variations may be substantially different. Here, we introduce a conceptual model, based on ice dynamical model results, to investigate the difference between transient variability and equilibrium differences of the Miocene AIS. In our model, an ice sheet will grow (shrink) by a specific rate when it is smaller (larger) than its equilibrium size. We show that phases of concurrent ice volume increase and rising CO2 levels are possible, even though the equilibrium ice volume decreases monotonically with CO2. When the AIS volume is out of equilibrium with the forcing climate, the ice sheet can still be adapting to a relatively large equilibrium size, although CO2 is rising after a phase of decrease. A delayed response of Antarctic ice volume to (covarying) solar insolation and CO2 concentrations can cause discrepancies between Miocene solar insolation and benthic δ18O variability. Increasing forcing frequency leads to a larger disequilibrium and consequently larger CO2‐ice volume phase differences. Furthermore, an amplified forcing amplitude causes larger amplitude ice volume variability, because the growth and decay rates depend on the forcing. It also leads to a reduced average ice volume, resulting from the growth rates generally being smaller than the decay rates.
Membrane nanotubes facilitate the propagation of inflammatory injury in the heart upon overactivation of the β-adrenergic receptor
Authors: Shen Jing , Wu Ji-Min , Hu Guo-Min , Li Ming-Zhe , Cong Wen-Wen , Feng Ye-Nan , Wang Shuai-Xing , Li Zi-Jian , Xu Ming , Dong Er-Dan , Zhang You-Yi , Xiao Han 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcute sympathetic stress quickly induces cardiac inflammation and injury, suggesting that pathogenic signals rapidly spread among cardiac cells and that cell-to-cell communication may play an important role in the subsequent cardiac injury. However, the underlying mechanism of this response is unknown. Our previous study demonstrated that acute β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling activates inflammasomes in the heart, which triggers the inflammatory cascade. In the present study, β-AR overactivation induced inflammasome activation in both the cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) of mice hearts following a subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO, 5 mg/kg body weight), a selective agonist of β-AR. In isolated cardiac cells, ISO treatment only activated the inflammasomes in the cardiomyocytes but not the CFs. These results demonstrated that inflammasome activation was propagated from cardiomyocytes to CFs in the mice hearts. Further investigation revealed that the inflammasomes were activated in the cocultured CFs that connected with cardiomyocytes via membrane nanotubes (MNTs), a novel membrane structure that mediates distant intercellular connections and communication. Disruption of the MNTs with the microfilament polymerization inhibitor cytochalasin D (Cyto D) attenuated the inflammasome activation in the cocultured CFs. In addition, the MNT-mediated inflammasome activation in the CFs was blocked by deficiency of the inflammasome component NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in the cardiomyocytes, but not NLRP3 deficiency in the CFs. Moreover, ISO induced pyroptosis in the CFs cocultured with cardiomyocytes, and this process was inhibited by disruption of the MNTs with Cyto D or by the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and the caspase-1 inhibitor Z-YVAD-FMK (FMK). Our study revealed that MNTs facilitate the rapid propagation of inflammasome activation among cardiac cells to promote pyroptosis in the early phase of β-adrenergic insult. Therefore, preventing inflammasome transfer is a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate acute β-AR overactivation-induced cardiac injury.
Satisfaction of Patients with Nonvitamin K Anticoagulants Compared to Vitamin K Antagonists: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Katerenchuk Vasyl , Duarte Gonçalo S. , Martins e Pereira Gonçalo , Fernandes Ricardo M. , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Pinto Fausto J. , Costa João , Caldeira Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective To undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the satisfaction of patients receiving nonvitamin K anticoagulants (NOACs), compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs).
Methods We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Two reviewers screened, extracted, and appraised data independently. We pooled data using a random-effects model. Outcome included treatment satisfaction, which was assessed by scores of Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale (DASS), Anticlot Treatment Scale (ACTS), Perception of Anticoagulant Treatment Questionnaire 2 (PACT-Q2), or Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication version II (TSQM-VII) and their domains reported with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We followed MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines.
Results We included four RCTs and 16 observational studies, enrolling 18,684 participants overall. Compared with VKAs, treatment with NOACs improved the ACTS Burdens score by 4.21 points (95% CI: 2.99–5.43, I
2 = 95%, combined n = 6,180), and ACTS Benefits by 0.49 points (95% CI: 0.18–0.81, I
2 = 85%, combined n = 6,171). Switching from VKAs to NOACs improved the ACTS Burdens score by 5.33 points (95% CI: 3.53–7.14, combined n = 3,097). Compared with VKAs, treatment with NOACs improved the TSQM-VII Global Satisfaction score by 6.86 points (95% CI: 3.00–10.73, combined n = 5,535).
Conclusion In patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism, NOAC treatment is associated with greater satisfaction compared with VKAs. The switch from VKAs to NOACs was associated with improved patients' satisfaction. These effects were largely due to a lower degree of treatment burden with NOAC treatment.
Research on Surface Modeling of Turbo Vane of Vehicle Based on NURBS
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyun , Song Xuding , Zhao Yueling 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to verify the induced inverse matrix equation for the control vertices of quartic NURBS curve and to improve the construction accuracy and fairness of complex twisted surface, this work constructed the bi-quartic NURBS surface of turbo vane of vehicle with NURBS technology in MATLAB. The bi-quartic NURBS vane of turbo was reconstructed in CATIA. The results were compared with the bi-cubic NURBS surface of vane in the same data, and the bi-cubic NURBS surface were constructed with the current inverse matrix equation for the control vertices of cubic NURBS curve. It shows that the constructed surface of vane with the generalized method of modeling of quartic NURBS surface has better accuracy and fairness through analyzing the error and fairness. The work provides the reference for the accurate modeling and the high-accuracy, high-efficiency NC machining of turbo vane in the engineering application.
Programming of the Average Windward Area of Finite Element Fragments Based on MCSPS
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Zhan Renjun , Wang Jiaying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to obtain the average windward area of the natural fragments in finite element method, a simulation model of the average windward area is established based on the Monte Carlo Subdivision Projection Method. The projection boundary of the fragments is obtained. Based on the cross multiplication, the simulation program of the windward area of the FE natural fragment is compiled. According to the concave and convex polygon vertices of the different quadrants, the average windward area of the finite element fragments is solved. The results show that the average windward area simulation program based on cross multiplication is applicable to the area of concave and convex polygons; the results of different quadrants of the same polygon are exactly the same; the program is applicable to the average windward area of simulation fragments with arbitrary irregular shape.
MBSE-based Modeling Technology for Aircraft Assembly Tooling Design Demand
Authors: Li Xining , Jiang Bo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
According to the detailed process of the development of the aircraft assembly tooling, a multi-level analysis of the user needs of the tooling is carried out through the concept decomposition and classification of the requirements. Firstly the specification system of the tooling requirements is established, so a clear link is constructed between the user requirements of the tooling and the system requirements. Secondly the demand transformation method based on QFD is proposed in order to the mapping model of demand transformation is constructed. Finally the description method of requirement model is established based on SysML.
Modelling and Simulation for the Electro-optic Characteristics of BaTiO3 Crystal Film Waveguide with Complementary Push-pull Polarization Modulations
Authors: Sun Na , Sun Degui , Luo Mengxi , Han Yue , Chen Chen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BaTiO3 crystal films, possessing the advanced electro-optic (EO) properties, have been activating a broad interest in research and development of EO modulators for optic-fibre communications. However, the accurate measurements for the key physical parameter, the EO coefficient, is still at unoriented state. In this work, a BaTiO3 crystal film is grown on a magnesium oxide (MgO) crystal substrate and a device structure having an ultrahigh two-dimensional (2D) optic-electric field interaction is designed to conduct the synchronous measurements for the EO coefficient r
51 and the birefringence b

eo
of the BaTiO3 crystal film with an intra-guide push-pull modulation of linear polarization. As a result, the average values of 570±2pm/V and -0.0135±0.0007 of r
51 and b

eo
are obtained, respectively. Furthermore, a theoretical model for analysing the measurement accuracies of r
51 and b
eo, and the accuracy dependences on the drive voltage and optic-electric interaction efficiency are studied, leading to an efficient way to developing the high-speed BaTiO3 crystal film EO modulators.
Modeling and Simulation of the Effects of Steel Casing Confinements on Formation of Explosively Formed Projectile
Authors: Ding Li , Jiang Jianwei , Men Jianbing , Wang Shuyou 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
LS-DYNA software is used to model and simulate the effects of thickness and length of steel casing on the forming status of EFP specifically, and then a theoretical model is established to explain the forming mechanism and calculate the velocity of EFP. The following conclusion can be obtained. (1) The thicker steel cased charge can provide more impulse to the liner in EFP’s forming process. A formula of f(M/C) is fitted to estimate the steel casing effect on the velocity of EFP; (2)In order to get an EFP with higher solidity it is not necessary for the casing to fully cover the liner and charge, and when L
C/L
0 reaches to 35%, the obtained value of η can be as much as that when the casing fully cover the liner and charge with acceptable velocity range. And 65% of the casing mass can be lightened to reduce the weight of EFP charge structure; (3) A theoretical model to calculate the velocity of cased EFP based on the theory of instantaneous detonation is put forward to explain the mechanism of EFP’s forming process and calculate the velocity of EFP. The research results are significant in the design of light weight EFP warhead, and the theoretical model is easy and convenient of calculate the velocity of EFP with different steel cased charge structure, which can be used to provide reference for researchers in the design of EFP.
VQA Model Based on Image Descriptive Paragraph and Deep Integration of BERT
Authors: Wu Zhaochang , Zhang Jianing , Zhang Huajie , Chen Yunfang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a fast developing field involving multiple disciplines, and it is constantly challenging more complex tasks. The classic combination of CNN+LSTM can effectively extract images and language representation to complete the VQA task, but there are still many problems, such as excessively long sequence processing, etc. In recent years, BERT model has expanded rapidly from the field of natural language processing to a broader multi-modal field with its strong learning ability. In this paper, we propose a novel way to apply BERT model in the VQA field. We use the descriptive paragraph generation technology to transform the picture into a text paragraph description, and integrate question information and image information on BERT model. Our model achieves an excellent performance on the VQA2.0 dataset with an overall accuracy 5% higher than previous models.
Key Technique of Almost Exact Simulation for Non-affine Heston Model
Authors: Liang Xingyin , Sun Youfa , Yao Yuhang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to sample asset price more accurately under the non-affine Heston model in the situation where the Feller condition was unsatisfied, we proposed the key technique of almost exact simulation for non-affine Heston model, by fusing the approximate analytic solution of conditional variance characteristic function, the second-order Newton’s method and interpolation method. Numerical results on four representative benchmarks show that our newly proposed simulation scheme has both good convergence and accuracy, which are much better than those of the Itô-Taylor schemes. Especially, our scheme performs well in the case where the Feller condition is extremely unsatisfied, while the alternatives don’t work.
Seismic Hydrodynamic Pressure on Concrete Bridge Pier with Submerged Depth from a Set of Shaking Table Model Tests
Authors: Liu Haiming , Tao Xiaxin , Tao Zhengru , Qin Yifang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To study the variation of hydrodynamic pressure on concrete bridge pier with submerged depth in water, a series of shaking table model tests are completed recently. The result shows that the pressures increase with submerged depth obviously with a similar rate for all pier models, input direction combinations and total water depths. The hydrodynamic pressures and the rates increase with the total water depth and input intensity. The pressures on the three models with cross section, rectangular, elliptic and variable rectangular, are varied and different from the provision on the shape coefficient of pier in seismic design codes of highway bridges. The effect of the absorbing stuff adopted in the tests to reduce the potential reflection wave is not obvious. The result suggests to fix more sensors not only at central and but also along the edge lines, to examine the potential horizontal variation of pressures on upstream faces of the piers with different section shapes and the reflected wave must be eliminated with some new way in future test to close to the reality.
Role Workflow Model Applied to Multi Node Fog Computing System
Authors: Wu Chenhan , Wang Feng , Chen Xiong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A role task scheduling method for fog computing system based on behavior flow is proposed. As traditional computing has shift from face data to the edge of the distributed computing, task scheduling method by establishing the role behavior flow system, the role of the resource node cooperation behaviors definition and role of organization behavior, and set up from center to edge the role behavior of flow pattern, enables the compute nodes according to their respective role behavior line classification processing. Therefore, it can effectively solve the problems of slow service response, high power consumption and frequent task interruption caused by large data volume and redundant operation in the traditional cloud computing system.
Visual Question Answering Based on Question Attention Model
Authors: Zhang Jianing , Wu Zhaochang , Zhang Huajie , Chen Yunfang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Visual Question Answer (VQA), the natural language question of Visual images, has become popular in the field of artificial intelligence. At present, most of the VQA models extract the whole image features, which consume a large amount of computation and have a complex structure. In this paper, we propose a VQA method based on question attention model. Firstly, the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is used to extract image features from the input images, and the question text is processed by the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Then, we design a question attention module to let the learning algorithm focus on the most relevant features of the input text. According to question features, our method utilities the attention module to add the corresponding weights to the image features and extract the meaningful information for the generation of answer sequence words. Our method performed significantly better than the LSTMQ+I model on the MS COCO visual question answer (VQA) dataset with an accuracy improvement of 2%.
Coordination Model Research Based on Command Decision Joint Intension
Authors: Liu Jinguang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Command Decision Simulation (CDS) is not only an important and difficult issue in the field of simulation, but also a technique issue to be tackled in the course of collective Modeling and Simulation in Joint Operations Experiment Center. CDS can give support to all kinds of simulation. Using computer to realize the Blue side’s command decision automatic execution in the operation training simulation system can improve training effect. Using computer to realize the lower level command unit’s automatic command decision can help to reduce the number of controllers and liberate them from heavy work. It can also enlarge simulation scale and increase the freedom of the simulation entity especially the command entity, thus enhance the authenticity and credibility of the simulation. On the basis of the command decision structure and the Joint Intention Theory, the thesis puts forward the method of making use of Coordination Matrix (CM) to realize cooperation among the entities in CDS and constructs the calculation sketch of Task Execution, Task Monitoring and Task Replanning. At the same time, the thesis brings forward the CDS structure vision based on Partial Global Planning(PGP).As CM is an indispensable part of combat simulation, the theory and method of CDS will become an important part for the theory of Combat Simulation.