bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Publicly verifiable and efficiency/security-adjustable outsourcing scheme for solving large-scale modular system of linear equations
Authors: Meng Panpan , Tian Chengliang , Cheng Xiangguo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSolving large-scale modular system of linear equations ($\mathcal {LMSLE}$ℒℳSℒE) is pervasive in modern computer and communication community, especially in the fields of coding theory and cryptography. However, it is computationally overloaded for lightweight devices arisen in quantity with the dawn of the things of internet (IoT) era. As an important form of cloud computing services, secure computation outsourcing has become a popular topic. In this paper, we design an efficient outsourcing scheme that enables the resource-constrained client to find a solution of the$\mathcal {LMSLE}$ℒℳSℒEwith the assistance of a public cloud server. By utilizing affine transformation based on sparse unimodular matrices, our scheme has three merits compared with previous work: 1) Our scheme is efficiency/security-adjustable. Our encryption method is dynamic, and it can balance the security and efficiency to match different application scenarios by skillfully control the number of unimodular matrices. 2) Our scheme is versatile. It is suit for genericm-by-ncoefficient matrixA, no matter it is square or not. 3) Our scheme satisfies public verifiability and achieves the optimal verification probability. It enables any verifier which is not necessarily the client to verify the correctness of the results returned from the cloud server with probability 1. Finally, theoretical analysis and comprehensive experimental results confirm our scheme’s security and high efficiency.
A systematic flux analysis approach to identify metabolic vulnerabilities in human breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Martin Sheree D. , McGee Sean L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreased flux through both glycolytic and oxidative metabolic pathways is a hallmark of breast cancer cells and is critical for their growth and survival. As such, targeting this metabolic reprograming has received much attention as a potential treatment approach. However, the heterogeneity of breast cancer cell metabolism, even within classifications, suggests a necessity for an individualised approach to treatment in breast cancer patients.MethodsThe metabolic phenotypes of a diverse panel of human breast cancer cell lines representing the major breast cancer classifications were assessed using real-time metabolic flux analysis. Flux linked to ATP production, pathway reserve capacities and specific macromolecule oxidation rates were quantified. Suspected metabolic vulnerabilities were targeted with specific pathway inhibitors, and relative cell viability was assessed using the crystal violet assay. Measures of AMPK and mTORC1 activity were analysed through immunoblotting.ResultsBreast cancer cells displayed heterogeneous energy requirements and utilisation of non-oxidative and oxidative energy-producing pathways. Quantification of basal glycolytic and oxidative reserve capacities identified cell lines that were highly dependent on individual pathways, while assessment of substrate oxidation relative to total oxidative capacity revealed cell lines that were highly dependent on individual macromolecules. Based on these findings, mild mitochondrial inhibition in ESH-172 cells, including with the anti-diabetic drug metformin, and mild glycolytic inhibition in Hs578T cells reduced relative viability, which did not occur in non-transformed MCF10a cells. The effects on viability were associated with AMPK activation and inhibition of mTORC1 signalling. Hs578T were also found to be highly dependent on glutamine oxidation and inhibition of this process also impacted viability.ConclusionsTogether, these data highlight that systematic flux analysis in breast cancer cells can identify targetable metabolic vulnerabilities, despite heterogeneity in metabolic profiles between individual cancer cell lines.
A survey of mathematical models of human performance using power and energy
Authors: Sreedhara Vijay Sarthy M. , Mocko Gregory M. , Hutchison Randolph E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ability to predict the systematic decrease of power during physical exertion gives valuable insights into health, performance, and injury. This review surveys the research of power-based models of fatigue and recovery within the area of human performance. Upon a thorough review of available literature, it is observed that the two-parameter critical power model is most popular due to its simplicity. This two-parameter model is a hyperbolic relationship between power and time with critical power as the power-asymptote and the curvature constant denoted by W′. Critical power (CP) is a theoretical power output that can be sustained indefinitely by an individual, and the curvature constant (W′) represents the amount of work that can be done above CP. Different methods and models have been validated to determine CP and W′, most of which are algebraic manipulations of the two-parameter model. The models yield different CP and W′ estimates for the same data depending on the regression fit and rounding off approximations. These estimates, at the subject level, have an inherent day-to-day variability called intra-individual variability (IIV) associated with them, which is not captured by any of the existing methods. This calls for a need for new methods to arrive at the IIV associated with CP and W′. Furthermore, existing models focus on the expenditure of W′ for efforts above CP and do not model its recovery in the sub-CP domain. Thus, there is a need for methods and models that account for (i) the IIV to measure the effectiveness of individual training prescriptions and (ii) the recovery of W′ to aid human performance optimization.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Justicia secunda Vahl leaf extract using in vitro and in vivo inflammation models
Authors: Anyasor Godswill Nduka , Okanlawon Azeezat Adenike , Ogunbiyi Babafemi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundJusticia secundaVahl. is a medicinal plant used in ethnomedical practice as therapy to manage inflammation. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract ofJ. secundaleaves (MEJSL) using in vitro and in vivo inflammation models.MethodsSeventy-percent MEJSL was prepared following standard procedure. In vitro anti-inflammatory assays were performed using heat-induced bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation and erythrocyte membrane stabilization assays. Carrageenan and formaldehyde induced inflammation in rat models were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of MEJSL in vivo.Diclofenac sodium was used as a reference drug. In addition, liver and kidney function assays and hematological analysis were carried out.ResultsData revealed that varying concentrations of MEJSL significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited heat-induced BSA denaturation and stabilized erythrocyte membrane against hypotonicity-induced hemolysis when compared with diclofenac sodium in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo study showed that 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) diclofenac sodium, 100 and 300 mg/kg b.w. MEJSL suppressed carrageenan-induced paw edema at the sixth hour by 71.14%, 83.08%, and 89.05%, respectively. Furthermore, 10 mg/kg b.w. diclofenac sodium, 100 and 300 mg/kg b.w. MEJSL inhibited formaldehyde-induced paw edema by 72.53%, 74.73%, and 76.48%, respectively. Animals treated with varying doses of MEJSL had reduced plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities; urea and creatinine concentrations; and modulated hematological parameters when compared with the untreated control group.ConclusionsFindings from this study showed that MEJSL exhibited substantial anti-inflammatory actions in the in vitro and in vivo models. It also indicated that MEJSL anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action could be through interference with phase 2 inflammatory stressors, upregulation of cytoprotective genes, stabilization of inflammatory cell membranes and immunomodulatory activity.
Comparative assessment of age, growth and food habit of the black-chinned tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron (Rüppell, 1852), from a closed and open lagoon, Ghana
Authors: Zuh Cephas Kwesi , Abobi Seth Mensah , Campion Benjamin Betey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe black-chinned tilapia,Sarotherodon melanotheron, is the most abundant fish species in the Nakwa (an open lagoon) and Brenu (a closed lagoon) in the Central Region of Ghana. Aspects of the life history characteristics and the ecology of the fish populations in both lagoons were studied to assess the bio-ecological status of this important resource.MethodsFish samples were obtained from fishermen that fish on the Nakwa and Brenu lagoons using cast, drag and gill nets. The age of the fish was assessed from otoliths analysis and its growth modelled following the von Bertalanffy growth function. Morphometric characteristics of the fish populations were analysed using power regression and ANOVA for parameters comparisons, and Student’sttest to determine whether species grew isometrically. The percentage occurrence method was used to analyse the stomach contents of the fish.ResultsA total of 382 fish samples from both lagoons were measured, comprising 209 from Nakwa lagoon and 176 from Brenu lagoon. The size and weight of fish samples ranged between 3.9–11.5 cm total length and 1.0–27.3 g for Nakwa Lagoon and 5.6–12.8 cm total length and 3.2–29.8 g for the Brenu Lagoon. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters wereL∞= 12.04 cm andK= 2.76/year for the Nakwa Lagoon samples andL∞= 13.44 cm andK= 3.27/year for Brenu Lagoon samples. Daily otolith incremental rate ranged from 0.01–0.03 mm per day to 0.01–0.02 mm per day for Nakwa and Brenu lagoons, respectively. Stomach content analysis of the fish samples revealed that the species are planktivorous and the range of food varied between the lagoons. Green algae were the most prevalent food item in the stomachs of the fish samples from Nakwa with the frequency of 69% whilst diatoms (80.5%) were most prevalent phytoplanktonic food item for the fish in Brenu lagoon.ConclusionsThe estimates of asymptotic length for the species in both lagoons are close to known values of the species length at first sexual maturity and points to intensive fishing pressure. As a consequence, a comprehensive sample-based survey is required in both lagoons to derive estimates of management reference points. The results of the stomach content analysis are beneficial to the construction of diet matrix for ecosystem models of the two systems.
Hidradenitis suppurativa and acne vulgaris and conglobata—systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Phan Kevin , Charlton Olivia , Smith Saxon D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder which involves painful nodules and draining abscesses in flexural areas. Acne vulgaris and its more severe variants including acne conglobata and acne fulminans are also disorders involving the follicular unit. Given that follicular obstruction, dilatation and inflammation feature in both HS and acne vulgaris/conglobata, it has been suggested that HS is associated with acne vulgaris/conglobata.MethodsThe present systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to recommended PRISMA guidelines. All eligible case-control studies comparing patients with HS vs non-HS were included in the present review. All studies must have included either the proportion of patients with acne vulgaris/conglobata in each group, or the summary effect size for association between HS and acne vulgaris/conglobata. The odds ratio (OR) was used as a summary statistic.ResultsFrom pooled unadjusted meta-analysis, we found a significantly higher proportion of patients with acne vulgaris/conglobata in HS cases compared to controls (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.95–6.07,P < 0.0001,I2 = 100%). Pooled meta-analysis was also performed with adjusted effect sizes. This demonstrated that HS was significantly associated with acne vulgaris/conglobata after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 3.44, 95% CI 2.43–4.87,P < 0.00001,I2 = 99%).ConclusionsIn summary, a significant association was found between HS and acne vulgaris/conglobata. This has implications in terms of understanding the burden of disease on patient quality of life as well as consideration of optimal management strategies to target both disorders. Physicians taking care of patients with HS should be aware of this association.
Awareness and knowledge of interventional radiology among medical students at an Indian institution
Authors: Agrawal Deepsha , Renfrew Michael Alan , Singhal Sulove , Bhansali Yash 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Interventional radiology (IR) is a novel and evolving sub-specialty that encompasses image guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. With the advent of new imaging techniques and an increasing demand of minimally invasive procedures, IR continues to grow as a core component in medical and surgical therapeutics. Radiology teaching is a part of medical undergraduate curriculum; however, the medical undergraduate cohort lacks exposure to IR principles, methods and techniques. The purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge and awareness of IR among medical students in a single university in India.

Materials and methods
Electronic anonymous surveys were sent to 350 medical students of Pt. JNM Medical College, Raipur, India. Each survey comprised of questions assessing knowledge and exposure to IR. A total of 70 students (20%) responded.

Results
85.7% of respondents positively reported that radiologists have a role in diagnostic as well as therapeutic interventions, however, 60% of students cited a very poor/poor knowledge of IR. A larger part, 91.5%, stated that they would be interested in IR based teaching delivered as a part of their undergraduate teaching program. Those who knew at least one interventional radiology technique were 1.51 (95% CI: 1.02–2.22; p < 0.05) times more likely to be considering it as a career.

Conclusion
Medical Students demonstrate a poor knowledge of IR. This corresponds to a limited and inconsistent exposure to IR in medical schools. The study suggests that there is a need to deliver an IR based curriculum in medical undergraduate teaching in India. Our proposition includes introducing a regulated IR teaching in undergraduate medical education using new module designs and presenting medical students an opportunity to attend IR education days, symposiums and conferences to incite early participation.
Multi-scale characterizations of colon polyps via computed tomographic colonography
Authors: Cao Weiguo , Pomeroy Marc J. , Gao Yongfeng , Barish Matthew A. , Abbasi Almas F. , Pickhardt Perry J. , Liang Zhengrong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTexture features have played an essential role in the field of medical imaging for computer-aided diagnosis. The gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)-based texture descriptor has emerged to become one of the most successful feature sets for these applications. This study aims to increase the potential of these features by introducing multi-scale analysis into the construction of GLCM texture descriptor. In this study, we first introduce a new parameter - stride, to explore the definition of GLCM. Then we propose three multi-scaling GLCM models according to its three parameters, (1) learning model by multiple displacements, (2) learning model by multiple strides (LMS), and (3) learning model by multiple angles. These models increase the texture information by introducing more texture patterns and mitigate direction sparsity and dense sampling problems presented in the traditional Haralick model. To further analyze the three parameters, we test the three models by performing classification on a dataset of 63 large polyp masses obtained from computed tomography colonoscopy consisting of 32 adenocarcinomas and 31 benign adenomas. Finally, the proposed methods are compared to several typical GLCM-texture descriptors and one deep learning model. LMS obtains the highest performance and enhances the prediction power to 0.9450 with standard deviation 0.0285 by area under the curve of receiver operating characteristics score which is a significant improvement.
Draft genome sequences of five Calonectria species from Eucalyptus plantations in China, Celoporthe dispersa, Sporothrix phasma and Alectoria sarmentosa
Authors: Liu Feifei , Chen Shuaifei , Ferreira Maria A. , Chang Runlei , Sayari Mohammad , Kanzi Aquillah M. , Wingfield Brenda D. , Wingfield Michael J. , Pizarro David , Crespo Ana , Divakar Pradeep K. , de Beer Z. Wilhelm , Duong Tuan A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDraft genome sequences of fiveCalonectriaspecies [includingCalonectria aciculata,C. crousiana,C. fujianensis,C. honghensisandC. pseudoturangicola],Celoporthe dispersa,Sporothrix phasmaandAlectoria sarmentosaare presented. Species ofCalonectriaare the causal agents of Eucalyptus leaf blight disease, threatening the growth and sustainability ofEucalyptusplantations in China.Celoporthe dispersais the causal agent of stem canker in nativeSyzygium cordatumand exoticTibouchina granulosain South Africa.Sporothrix phasmawas first discovered in the infructescences ofProtea laurifoliaandProtea neriifoliain South Africa.Alectoria sarmentosais fruticose lichen belongs to the alectorioid clade of the family Parmeliaceae. The availability of these genome sequences will facilitate future studies on the systematics, population genetics, and genomics of these fungi.
Efficacy of Ruxolitinib in Patients With Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia and Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Dao Kim-Hien T. , Gotlib Jason , Deininger Michael M.N. , Oh Stephen T. , Cortes Jorge E. , Collins Robert H. , Winton Elliot F. , Parker Dana R. , Lee Hyunjung , Reister Anna , Schultz  , Savage Samantha , Stevens  , Brockett Chase , Subbiah Nan , Press Richard D. , Raess Philipp W. , Cascio Michael , Dunlap Jennifer , Chen Yiyi , Degnin Catherine , Maxson Julia E. , Tognon Cristina E. , Macey Tara , Druker Brian J. , Tyner Jeffrey W. 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE Colony-stimulating factor-3 receptor ( CSF3R)-T618I is a recurrent activating mutation in chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) and to a lesser extent in atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) resulting in constitutive JAK-STAT signaling. We sought to evaluate safety and efficacy of the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in patients with CNL and aCML, irrespective of CSF3R mutation status. METHODS We conducted a phase II study of ruxolitinib in 44 patients (21 CNL and 23 aCML). The primary end point was overall hematologic response rate (ORR) by the end of 6 continuous 28-day cycles for the first 25 patients enrolled. We considered a response as either partial (PR) or complete response (CR). We expanded accrual to 44 patients to increase our ability to evaluate secondary end points, including grade ≥ 3 adverse events, spleen volume, symptom assessment, genetic correlates of response, and 2-year survival. RESULTS ORR was 32% for the first 25 enrolled patients (8 PR [7 CNL and 1 aCML]). In the larger cohort of 44 patients, 35% had a response (11 PR [9 CNL and 2 aCML] and 4 CR [CNL]), and 50% had oncogenic CSF3R mutations. The mean absolute allele burden reduction of CSF3R-T618I after 6 cycles was greatest in the CR group, compared with the PR and no response groups. The most common cause of death is due to disease progression. Grade ≥ 3 anemia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 34% and 14% of patients, respectively. No serious adverse events attributed to ruxolitinib were observed. CONCLUSION Ruxolitinib was well tolerated and demonstrated an estimated response rate of 32%. Patients with a diagnosis of CNL and/or harboring CSF3R-T618I were most likely to respond.
Timing and Risk Factors Associated With Postoperative Stroke in Vascular Surgery Patients Using Time-Varying Coefficients From a Cox Model
Authors: Moore Laurel E. , Sferra Joseph J. , Engoren Milo 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:
Mechanisms of postoperative stroke are poorly understood, particularly for strokes occurring after uneventful emergence from anesthesia. We sought to create a model to study retrospectively the timing and associations for stroke in a high-risk surgery population.

METHODS:
Using a large prospective database containing detailed information on the occurrence and timing of stroke, we identified patients undergoing procedures involving the distal vascular (DV) and the cerebral vascular (CV) to assess the association between perioperative factors and stroke. We used separate Cox regressions with time-varying coefficients, one for each cohort, to assess the association between baseline factors and the timing of postoperative stroke within the DV and CV cohorts. Using time-varying coefficients allows hazard ratios to vary over time rather than assuming that the hazard ratio remains constant with time. Propensity score matching was used to compare the timing of stroke between DV and CV groups.

RESULTS:
Among the 80,185 patients with qualifying procedures, there were 711 strokes (0.9%) in the first 30 days after surgery. Stroke incidence was lower for DV patients (0.5%, 306/57,553; P < .001) than CV (1.8%, 405/21,940) and the majority of strokes in the DV group were delayed, occurring between postoperative (POD) days 2 and 30 (236/306, 77%). Among the 711 patients who had a stroke, the proportion of strokes that occurred on day 0 was 8% (n = 24 of 306 strokes) in the DV group compared to 35% in the CV group (n = 140 of 405 strokes). Factors associated with stroke on POD 1 for both groups were preoperative mechanical ventilation and emergent procedures. Acute renal failure and female sex were highly associated with delayed stroke (POD 2–30). Perioperative blood transfusion was associated with an increased hazard of delayed stroke in the DV group and a hazard ratio that increased with time in the CV group.

CONCLUSIONS:
After adjusting for confounding, stroke was more common and occurred earlier in the CV group. Factors associated with delayed postoperative stroke include acute renal failure, emergent procedures, female sex, preoperative mechanical ventilation, and perioperative transfusion.