bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Akademik Pavle Merkù – osemdesetletnik
Authors: Torkar Silvo 
Published: April 2020

Pričujočo številko glasila Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša posvečamo njeni snovalci skupaj z vsemi, ki so se čestitkam jubilantu pridružili s člankom ali podpisom, enemu od najbolj radovednih in pozornih slušateljev profesorja Frana Ramovša, jezikoslovcu, etnomuzikologu in skladatelju Pavletu Merkuju, enciklopedistu ljudske kulture Slovencev v Italiji. Njegove knjige, članke, skladbe, oddaje je seveda mogoče prešteti, in vse, kar je napisal na jezikoslovne teme, je tudi zajeto v priloženi bibliografiji, skoraj nemogoče pa je preceniti izreden pomen in vrednost
njegovega raziskovalnega opusa za Slovence na obeh straneh meje, za zamejce in unejce, a tudi za Italijane in Furlane.
Slovanski antroponimi v toponimiji Tolminske
Authors: Torkar Silvo 
Published: April 2020

V prispevku je obdelanih 17 zemljepisnih imen z ozemlja sedanje tolminske
občine, ki jih je mogoče utemeljeno razložiti iz slovanskih osebnih imen. Nekatera od njih doslej še niso bila predmet znanstvene obravnave ali pa so bile nezadovoljivo predstavljene besedotvorne in glasoslovne značilnosti njihovega nastanka.
Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion in the Intensive Care Unit: Limitations and Consequences
Authors: Gould Suzanne , Cimino Mary Jo , Gerber David R. 
Published: April 2020

• Objective To review the literature on the limitations and consequences of packed red blood cell transfusions, with particular attention to critically ill patients.• Methods The PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine was searched to find published articles on the indications, clinical utility, limitations, and consequences of red blood cell transfusion, especially in critically ill patients.• Results Several dozen papers were reviewed, including case series, meta-analyses, and retrospective and prospective studies evaluating the physiological effects, clinical efficacy, and consequences and complications of transfusion of packed red blood cells. Most available data indicate that packed red blood cells have a very limited ability to augment oxygen delivery to tissues. In addition, the overwhelming preponderance of data accumulated in the past decade indicate that patients receiving such transfusions have significantly poorer outcomes than do patients not receiving such transfusions, as measured by a variety of parameters including, but not limited to, death and infection.• Conclusions According to the available data, transfusion of packed red blood cells should be reserved only for situations in which clear physiological indicators for transfusion are present.
Additives Control the Stability of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate via Two Different Mechanisms: Surface Adsorption versus Bulk Incorporation
Authors: Zou Zhaoyong , Yang Xiaofei , Albéric Marie , Heil Tobias , Wang Qihang , Pokroy Boaz , Politi Yael , Bertinetti Luca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms by which organisms control the stability of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) are yet not fully understood. Previous studies have shown that the intrinsic properties of ACC and its environment are critical in determining ACC stability. Here, the question, what is the effect of bulk incorporation versus surface adsorption of additives on the stability of synthetic ACC, is addressed. Using a wide range of in situ characterization techniques, it is shown that surface adsorption of poly(Aspartic acid) (pAsp) has a much larger stabilization effect than bulk incorporation of pAsp and only 1.5% pAsp could dramatically increase the crystallization temperature from 141 to 350 °C. On the contrary, surface adsorption of PO43− ions and OH− ions does not effectively stabilize ACC. However, bulk incorporation of these ions could significantly improve the ACC stability. It is concluded that the stabilization mechanism of pAsp is entirely different from that of PO43− and OH− ions: while pAsp is effectively inhibiting calcite nucleation at the surface of ACC particle, the latter acts to modify the ion mobility and delay crystal propagation. Thus, new insights on controlling the stability and crystallization processes of metastable amorphous materials are provided.
Zwitterionic Polysulfamide Drug Nanogels with Microwave Augmented Tumor Accumulation and On‐Demand Drug Release for Enhanced Cancer Therapy
Authors: Peng Shaojun , Wang Hao , Zhao Wei , Xin Yongjie , Liu Yu , Yu Xiangrong , Zhan Meixiao , Shen Shun , Lu Ligong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractZwitterionic polymers demonstrate as a class of antifouling materials with long blood circulation in living subjects. Despite extensive research on their antifouling abilities, the responsive zwitterionic polymers that can change their properties by mild outside signals are poorly explored. Herein, a sulfamide‐based zwitterionic monomer is developed and used to synthesize a series of polysulfamide‐based (poly (2‐((2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl) dimethylammonio)acetyl) (phenylsulfonyl) amide (PMEDAPA)) nanogels as drug carriers for effective cancer therapy. PMEDAPA nanogels are proved to exhibit prolonged blood circulation without inducing the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon. Intriguingly, PMEDAPA nanogels can sensitively respond to hyperthermia by adjusting the crosslinker degree. After modified with transferrin (Tf), the nanogels (PMEDAPA‐Tf) achieve shielded tumor targeting at normothermia, while exhibiting recovered tumor targeting at hyperthermia, leading to enhanced tumor accumulation. Meanwhile, PMEDAPA‐Tf nanogels show superior penetration ability in 3D tumor spheroids and faster drug release at hyperthermia compared with that at normothermia. In combination with mild microwave heating (≈41 °C), the drug‐loaded PMEDAPA‐Tf nanogels show a pronounced tumor inhibition effect in a humanized orthotropic liver cancer model. Therefore, the study provides a novel hyperthermia‐responsive zwitterionic nanogel that can achieve augmented tumor accumulation and on‐demand drug release assisted with clinically used microwave heating for cancer therapy.
Exceptional Robustness and Self‐Reconfigurability of Liquid Marbles on Superhydrophobic Substrate
Authors: Tenjimbayashi Mizuki , Watanabe Yuko , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Naito Masanobu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNonstick transport of droplets on a solid surface is observed when they are covered with jammed hydrophobic particles. However, these “liquid marbles” (LMs) have low mechanical stability because, in controlling the jammed particles, exposure of the droplet surface often occurs with deformation that irreversibly causes the droplet to adhere to the solid surface in a funicular state. Here, it is shown that LMs on superhydrophobic surfaces are mechanically stable and self‐reconfigurable following mechanical impact or exposure of the droplet surface. Observation by a high‐speed bottom‐view camera revealed that this is because of reversible capillary‐partial Cassie transitions. Thus, superhydrophobic surfaces are scalable and low‐cost platforms for LM synthesis and manipulation, and enable reversible tuning of interfacial packing on LMs with mechanical stability.
Anomalous Conductivity Switch Observed in Treated Hafnium Diselenide Transistors
Authors: Albagami Malak , Alrasheed Abdullah , Alharbi Mervat , Alhazmi Abrar , Wong Kin , Qasem Hussam , Alodan Sarah , Alolaiyan Olaiyan , Wang Kang L. , Amer Moh. R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLayered hafnium diselenide (HfSe2) is an emerging Van der Waals semiconductor in which a hafnium layer is sandwiched between two selenium layers. Owning to its indirect band gap with magnitudes close to silicon's band gap and high predicted carrier mobility, hafnium diselenide material is a strong candidate for device applications. Here, the effect of laser treatment on 2H‐ HfSe2 devices is shown in ambient conditions using µ‐Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that an emerging Raman peak evolves with increasing laser exposure time. It is also shown that top‐down fabricated 2H‐HfSe2 devices exhibit an anomalous p‐type behavior post laser treatment, with Ion/Ioff ratio as high as 103. This anomalous conductivity change can be observed after thermal and electrical annealing. For bottom‐up devices, it is observed that p‐type conductivity with remarkable Ion/Ioff ratio reaching 104. This conductivity switch can also be shown on 1T‐HfSe2 devices post laser irradiation and high Vds bias treatments. Based on the circuit model, this conductivity switch is attributed to contact doping caused by an increase in the Schottky barrier height at each contact, which shifts the Fermi energy closer to the valance band. These results demonstrate a unique conductivity switching mechanism for HfSe2‐FET devices.
Tracing temporal trends in dementia incidence over 25 years in central Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Ding Mozhu , Qiu Chengxuan , Rizzuto Debora , Grande Giulia , Fratiglioni Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecent reports from high‐income countries have suggested a declining incidence of dementia.MethodsTrends in dementia incidence over 25 years among people ≥75 years of age were examined using two population‐based cohort studies: the Kungsholmen Project (KP, n = 1473, 1987‐1998) and the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC‐K, n = 1746, 2001‐2013).ResultsWe identified 440 (29.9%) and 388 (22.2%) incident dementia cases in the KP and SNAC‐K cohorts, respectively. The incidence of dementia declined by 30% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61‐0.80) during the second decade. Adjustment of education, psychosocial working conditions, lifestyle, and vascular diseases did not substantially change the results (HR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.65‐0.90). This decline was observed particularly in women and people with elementary education.DiscussionOur study provides direct evidence of a declining trend in dementia incidence. Improved cognitive reserve and cardiovascular health could partially explain the decline.
Ein auf Arylazopyrazol basierendes N‐heterocyclisches Carben als Photoschalter auf Goldoberflächen: Lichtschaltbare Benetzbarkeit, Austrittsarbeit und Leitwert
Authors: Nguyen D. Thao , Freitag Matthias , Gutheil Christian , Sotthewes Kai , Tyler Bonnie J. , Böckmann Marcus , Das Mowpriya , Schlüter Friederike , Doltsinis Nikos L. , Arlinghaus Heinrich F. , Ravoo Bart Jan , Glorius Frank 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEin neuartiges photoempfindliches und vollständig konjugiertes N‐heterocyclisches Carben (NHC) wurde synthetisiert, um die hervorragenden photophysikalischen Eigenschaften von Arylazopyrazolen (AAPs) mit einem NHC als robustem Oberflächenanker (AAP‐BIMe) zu kombinieren. Die Bildung von selbstorganisierten Monoschichten (SAMs) auf Gold wurde durch ToF‐SIMS und XPS nachgewiesen, und der organische Film zeigte eine sehr hohe Stabilität bei erhöhten Temperaturen. Diese Stabilität zeigte sich auch in einer hohen Desorptionsenergie, die durch temperaturprogrammierte SIMS‐Messungen bestimmt wurde. Die E‐/Z‐AAP‐BIMe@Au‐Photoisomerisierung führte zu reversiblen Änderungen der Oberflächenenergie (d. h. der Benetzbarkeit), des Oberflächenpotentials (d. h. der Austrittsarbeit) und des Leitwertes (d. h. des Widerstandes). Die Effekte konnten durch den Unterschied im Dipolmoment der Isomere erklärt werden. Darüber hinaus ermöglichte die sequentielle Applikation eines Platzhalter‐Liganden durch Mikrokontaktdruck und anschließende Verfüllung mit AAP‐BIMe seine Strukturierung auf Gold. Nach unserem besten Wissen ist dies das erste Beispiel für ein photoschaltbares NHC auf einer Gold‐Oberfläche. Diese Eigenschaften von AAP‐BIMe@Au veranschaulichen seine Eignung als molekularer Schalter für neuartige elektronische Geräte.
Temperature Down‐Shift Modifies Expression of UPR‐/ERAD‐Related Genes and Enhances Production of a Chimeric Fusion Protein in CHO Cells
Authors: Torres Mauro , Akhtar Samia , McKenzie Edward A. , Dickson Alan J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLow culture temperature enhances the cell‐specific productivity of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing varied recombinant (r‐) proteins, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Regulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway genes, such as transcriptional regulatory factors and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐resident proteins, appear to be involved in the improvements of r‐protein production under low temperature conditions. The transcriptional regulation of UPR‐specific targets is studied in response to decreased culture temperature in relation to production of a difficult‐to‐express protein. A clonally‐derived CHO cell line expressing a chimeric fusion protein (human erythropoietin [hEPO] linked to a murine Fc region, hEPO‐Fc) is evaluated in terms of growth, metabolism, r‐protein production and UPR‐/ER associated degradation (ERAD)‐specific gene expression at standard (37 °C) and low (32 °C) temperature in batch and fed‐batch systems. Low temperature decreased peak cell density, improved viability, generated cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and enhanced hEPO‐Fc expression in both batch and fed‐batch cultures. A low culture temperature significantly upregulated genes encoding UPR‐specific transcriptional activators (xbp1s, ddit3, and atf5) and ER‐resident proteins (grp78, grp94, trib3, and ero1α), that are associated with folding and processing of proteins within the ER. Further, low culture temperature decreased expression of genes involved in ERAD (edem3, sels, herpud1, and syvn1) indicating a decreased potential for protein degradation.
Truncation of CXCL8 to CXCL8(9-77) enhances actin polymerization and in vivo migration of neutrophils
Authors: Metzemaekers Mieke , Vandendriessche Sofie , Berghmans Nele , Gouwy Mieke , Proost Paul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
CXCL8 is the principal human neutrophil-attracting chemokine and a major mediator of inflammation. The chemokine exerts its neutrophil-chemotactic and neutrophil-activating activities via interaction with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and activation of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) CXCR1 and CXCR2. Natural CXCL8 displays an exceptional degree of amino (NH2)-terminal heterogeneity. Most CXCL8 forms result from proteolytic processing of authentic CXCL8(1-77). Here, we compared the potencies to activate and recruit neutrophils of the 3 most abundant natural CXCL8 forms: full-length 77 amino acid CXCL8 and the 2 major natural truncated forms lacking 5 or 8 NH2-terminal amino acids. NH2-terminal truncation hardly affected the capacity of CXCL8 to induce shedding of CD62L or to up-regulate the expression of the adhesion molecules CD11a, CD11b, or CD15 on human neutrophils. In addition, the potency of CXCL8 to induce neutrophil degranulation and its effect on phagocytosis remained unaltered upon removal of 5 or 8 NH2-terminal residues. However, NH2-terminal truncation strongly potentiated CXCL8-induced actin polymerization. CXCL8(6-77) and CXCL8(9-77) showed a comparable capacity to induce Ca2+ signaling in human neutrophils and to direct in vitro neutrophil migration. Strikingly, the ability of CXCL8(9-77) to recruit neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity of mice was significantly enhanced compared to CXCL8(6-77). These results suggest that NH2-terminal truncation influences specific biological activities of CXCL8 and indicate that CXCL8(9-77) may be the most potent neutrophil-attracting CXCL8 form in vivo.
The interplay between innate and adaptive immunity in cancer shapes the productivity of cancer immunosurveillance
Authors: Chang Renee B , Beatty Gregory L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The immune system is a vital determinant of cancer and shapes its trajectory. Notably, the immune reaction to cancer harbors dual potential for suppressing or promoting cancer development and progression. This polarity of the immune response is determined, in part, by the character of the interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. On the one hand, the innate immune compartment is a necessary proponent of cancer immunity by supporting an immunostimulatory state that enables T cell immunosurveillance. However, in the setting of cancer, innate immune cells are commonly polarized with immune-suppressive properties and as a result, orchestrate a tolerogenic niche that interferes with the cytotoxic potential of tumor antigen-specific T cells. Here, we discuss the role of innate immunity as a positive and negative regulator of adaptive immunosurveillance; moreover, we highlight how tumor cells may skew leukocytes toward an immunosuppressive state and, as such, subvert the phenotypic plasticity of the immune compartment to advance disease progression. These observations establish the precedent for novel therapeutic strategies that aim to restore the tumor microenvironment to an immunoreactive state and, in doing so, condition and maintain the immunogenicity of tumors to yield deep and durable responses to immunotherapy.
Integrin α4β7 in HIV-1 infection: A critical review
Authors: Liu Qingbo , Lusso Paolo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Over the past decade, a series of observations linking α4β7, the principal gut-homing integrin, with various aspects of HIV-1 infection have generated considerable interest in the field of HIV-1 research. After the initial report that the major HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp120, can bind to α4β7, intensive research efforts have been focused on the role of α4β7 as a key factor in HIV-1 pathogenesis and as a potential target for prevention and treatment. The interaction between α4β7 and its natural ligand, MAdCAM-1, directs infected CD4+ T cells and HIV-1 virions carrying incorporated α4β7 to the gut mucosa, which may facilitate HIV-1 seeding and replication in the intestinal compartment during the early stages of infection. In addition, cells that express high levels of α4β7, such as Th17 cells, represent preferential targets for infection, and their frequency in the circulation was shown to correlate with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease progression. A number of in vivo studies in nonhuman primates have investigated whether blockage of α4β7 may affect SIV transmission and pathogenesis. Administration of a primatized anti-α4β7 antibody that blocks MAdCAM-1 binding to α4β7 was reported to reduce SIV mucosal transmission in rhesus macaques. However, the mechanism responsible for such a protective effect is still undefined, and conflicting results have been reported on the effects of the same antibody, in combination with ART, during the early chronic phase of SIV infection. Thus, despite a series of tantalizing results accrued over the past decade, the jury is still out on the role of α4β7 in HIV-1 infection.
Insight into non‐enzymatic browning of shelf‐stable orange juice during storage: A fractionation and kinetic approach
Authors: Pham Huong Tran Thuy , Bista Archana , Kebede Biniam , Buvé Carolien , Hendrickx Marc , Van Loey Ann 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDNon‐enzymatic browning (NEB) is the main quality defect in shelf‐stable orange juice and other fruit juices during storage. Previous studies on NEB focused solely on the soluble fraction of orange juice, regardless of the fact that both soluble and insoluble fractions turn brown during extended storage. Clear evidence of the relative contribution of both fractions to NEB is currently lacking in the literature. This study investigated the contribution of the soluble and insoluble fractions of orange juice, which were obtained by centrifugation and ethanol precipitation, to NEB during storage. Changes in different NEB‐related attributes, such as ascorbic acid (AA) degradation, and the browning index (BI), were quantified and kinetically modeled.RESULTSEvaluation of color during storage showed that the orange juice and the soluble compound‐containing fractions turned brown whereas the insoluble fractions did not. The soluble compound‐containing fractions showed exactly the same browning behavior with storage as the plain orange juice. Based on the kinetic parameters obtained, the degradation of AA, the hydrolysis of sucrose, the increase in the glucose and fructose content, and the formation of furfural and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural during storage were similar for the plain orange juice and the soluble compound‐containing fractions.CONCLUSIONThis work provided evidence that the soluble fraction of orange juice plays the major role in NEB, unlike the insoluble fraction, which seems to make no contribution. Results from this work also demonstrate the potential use of the soluble fraction as an orange‐juice‐based model system of reduced complexity that can be used for the further investigation of NEB processes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Extreme MRI: Large‐scale volumetric dynamic imaging from continuous non‐gated acquisitions
Authors: Ong Frank , Zhu Xucheng , Cheng Joseph Y. , Johnson Kevin M. , Larson Peder E. Z. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. , Lustig Michael 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo develop a framework to reconstruct large‐scale volumetric dynamic MRI from rapid continuous and non‐gated acquisitions, with applications to pulmonary and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) imaging.Theory and MethodsThe problem considered here requires recovering 100 gigabytes of dynamic volumetric image data from a few gigabytes of k‐space data, acquired continuously over several minutes. This reconstruction is vastly under‐determined, heavily stressing computing resources as well as memory management and storage. To overcome these challenges, we leverage intrinsic three‐dimensional (3D) trajectories, such as 3D radial and 3D cones, with ordering that incoherently cover time and k‐space over the entire acquisition. We then propose two innovations: (a) A compressed representation using multiscale low‐rank matrix factorization that constrains the reconstruction problem, and reduces its memory footprint. (b) Stochastic optimization to reduce computation, improve memory locality, and minimize communications between threads and processors. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method on DCE imaging acquired with a golden‐angle ordered 3D cones trajectory and pulmonary imaging acquired with a bit‐reversed ordered 3D radial trajectory. We compare it with “soft‐gated" dynamic reconstruction for DCE and respiratory‐resolved reconstruction for pulmonary imaging.ResultsThe proposed technique shows transient dynamics that are not seen in gating‐based methods. When applied to datasets with irregular, or non‐repetitive motions, the proposed method displays sharper image features.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a method that can reconstruct massive 3D dynamic image series in the extreme undersampling and extreme computation setting.
Controlling thermal conductivities and electrical insulation properties of carbon nanofiber/polyimide composites using surface coating techniques
Authors: Haruki Masashi , Tanaka Keitaro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present work, sandwich‐structured composite sheets consisting of a core layer of carbon nanofiber (CNF)/polyimide (PI) and an outer layer of either pristine PI or hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/PI were proposed and characterized for the possibility that they could enhance the effective thermal conductivity (TC) of PI composite sheets while also retaining their electrical insulation properties. The sandwiched structures were prepared using a dip coating method. The electrical insulation properties were evaluated via the breakdown voltage (BDV) of direct current. By using hBN with an average size of 0.5 μm as filler for the outer layer, a composite sheet with a highly effective level of TC was prepared. The BDV achieved more than 2 kV, when the outer layer had a total thickness of approximately more than 60 μm even at 30 vol% of hBN_0.5 content. The tensile strengths of the sandwich‐structured sheets indicated the values between each single layer of the 10 vol%‐CNF/PI and hBN_0.5/PI composites.