bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Happy Campaign: Assessing the Effects of a Community-Wide Intervention on Older Adults Living in Public Housing
Authors: Gourley Amy , Montpetit Mignon , James-Smith LaKeesha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the field of developmental psychology, the Stress-and-Coping model (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) posits that individual differences in biological, psychological, and social risk and protective factors serve to increase or buffer the impact of stressful experiences on psychological well-being later in life. Importantly, research suggests that residents of public housing generally experience more risk factors than elders at large (Rabins, et al. 1996). The present study examines the impact of a programmatic intervention, The Happy Campaign, on individuals living in public housing in a small Midwestern city (aged 51-90 years; Mage= 63.3 years; SDage= 8.6 years). Goals of the Happy Campaign were to improve residents’ coping skills and increase perceived support. Results demonstrated significant improvement in key aspects of well-being post-intervention; these included significant increases in exercise (p = .04), self-reported health (p = .01), as well as decreases in negative affect (p= .008). Data also show a moderate increase in residents’ hope post-intervention (p = .06). Although future research is needed to account for confounding variables that arose in conducting research in this community setting, these data provide preliminary evidence that a broad-based, environmental intervention may offset the myriad risks faced by particularly vulnerable elders, and even augment well-being.
A Moderating Model of Self-Efficacy in Caregivers of Latina Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Hebdon Megan Thomas , Crane Tracy , Reed Pamela , Badger Terry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In caregivers of Latina breast cancer survivors, contextual factors such as informational support, Anglo-orientation, and spiritual well-being may affect physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to test if caregiver self-efficacy moderated relationships between contextual factors and health outcomes. A model, derived from Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, included self-efficacy cancer knowledge (survivor) and self-efficacy symptom management (caregiver) as moderators of relationships between contextual factors and global health and depression. Secondary analysis of baseline caregiver data from an experimental study testing two psychoeducational interventions with Latina breast cancer survivors and their caregivers was conducted. Both self-efficacy measures were tested as moderators for relationships between contextual factors and health outcomes with fixed cutoffs (medium: mean, low/high: ±1 SD). Caregiver participants (N=233) were 43 years on average (SD=13), primarily women (70%), low-income (78%), and of Mexican-American ethnicity (55%). Anglo-orientation was significantly associated with global health (r(233)=.27, p&lt;.001) and depression (r(233)=-.13, p=.05). High levels of self-efficacy cancer knowledge strengthened the negative relationship between depression and Anglo-orientation, while a slightly positive relationship was noted at low self-efficacy levels. Informational support was significantly related to global health (r(233)=.39, p&lt;.001) and depression (r(233)=-.43, p&lt;.001). Self-efficacy symptom management strengthened the negative relationship between informational support and depression. Correlational and moderation relationships were not significant for spiritual well-being. Both caregiver- and survivor-focused self-efficacy affected relationships between contextual factors and depression in caregivers of Latina breast cancer survivors. Further research should address both types of self-efficacy in caregiver health.
Age Differences in Engagement in Hong Kong Anti-Extradition Bill Protest: The Role of Self-Relevance
Authors: Wong Tze Kiu , Tse Dwight C K , Fung Nicole Long Ki , Fung Helene 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older adults were found to be less involved in non-institutional political actions than younger people did, and our previous work found that self-relevance mediated this age difference. In this study, we attempted to replicate the finding in a real-life social movement. We recruited 1037 participants (aged 18-84) during the anti-extradition bill movement in Hong Kong in September 2019. They responded to questions of how relevant and important the movement was to them, and whether they had taken part in a list of 8 political actions (e.g. signing petitions, joining rallies). Older adults indeed participated less in the movement compared with younger adults, and the age difference could partly be attributed to a lower perceived relevance of the movement. The finding suggested emphasizing on self-relevance as a potential way to promote political participation in older adults.
Creativity and Dementia: New Directions From Embodiment, Relationality, and Citizenship Discourse
Authors: Kontos Pia , Grigorovich Alisa , Colobong Romeo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There have been important advances in research on creativity that have provided a more inclusive view of everyday and ordinary creativity, including that of persons living with dementia. However, these developments are limited by a lack of engagement with scholarship on embodiment, relationality, and citizenship. We address these limitations by drawing on a relational model of citizenship that offers a critical rethinking of the nature of creativity and the imperative that these be supported in long-term dementia care. We draw on transcribed video-recorded interactions between elder-clowns and residents living with dementia in one long-term care home in central Canada. These are analyzed with reference to key theoretical tenets of the relational model of citizenship. Embodied selfhood (i.e., the primordial and socio-cultural dispositions of the body that are fundamental sources of self-expression and relationality), are identified as key to the creativity of persons living with dementia. We argue that creativity is not an individual cognitive trait but rather emerges from the complex intersection of enabling environments and the embodied intentionality of all involved. We conclude that creativity must be supported in everyday life through organizational practices and socio-political institutions that more fully support the relational, interpersonal, and affective dimensions of care.
Understanding the Impact of Pain Among Latinx Older Adults
Authors: Morais Calia , Robinson Michael , Fillingim Roger , Bartley Emily 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pain is the number one reason for seeking medical attention, and a top contributor to healthcare costs in the United States. Considerable evidence highlights racial/ethnic disparities in pain with Latinx communities being disproportionally affected at higher rates. Compared to other ethnic minority groups, Latinx older adults are more socioeconomically disadvantaged and experience higher rates of disability and frailty (Garcia, Downer, Crowe, & Markides, 2017). Given the rapidly growing population of Latinx, it is anticipated that the incidence of pain and its associated impact will adversely affect the quality of life of many older adults. The public health focus on improving pain management with non-opioid treatment options also highlights the need to provide culturally responsive care for Latinx older adults. However, limited efforts have addressed this important target for intervention. Following the biopsychosocial model of pain, this presentation will provide an overview of biological, psychosocial and cultural factors influencing pain disparities among older adults. Findings from experimental and clinical settings will be discussed. The presenter will also review current evidence highlighting the preference for self-management strategies for pain management among Latinxs, as well as the need to increase accessibility to psychosocial treatments for chronic pain, such as cognitive behavioral therapy for pain (CBT-pain). Furthermore, preliminary findings from a qualitative study will be presented to illustrate the need to offer culturally adapted treatments for pain management (Torres, Thorn, Kapoor, & DeMonte, 2017). Future research is needed to study sociocultural factors influencing pain disparities to help identify modifiable targets for intervention.
Expansion of Thailand’s Social Pension Policy and Its Implications for Family Support for Older Persons
Authors: Teerawichitchainan Bussarawan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Thailand is among few developing countries that have provided universal social pension for its older adults since 2009. Analyzing nationally-representative data from the Surveys of Older Persons in Thailand, we address the extent to which older Thais have benefited from the policy and describe the socio-demographic correlates of older persons who primarily rely on OAA as their main income source. Importantly, we examine how reliance on OAA may have implications for intergenerational exchanges between older parents and adult children as well as the well-being of older Thais. Results show significant changes over the last decade in the patterns of old-age income sources and filial economic support for older parents, particularly after the universalization of the OAA policy. We find the declining importance of children and rising significance of OAA as the primary income source. Older persons whose main income source was OAA were considered socially and economically vulnerable, although it was men rather than women who were more likely to depend on OAA as the main income source. Results further indicate that reliance of OAA as the main income source is not associated with a reduction in non-monetary familial support (intergenerational coresidence and social support) for aged parents. Nevertheless, we find that older parents whose main income was OAA were consistently less likely to report income adequacy and psychological well-being compared to others. This evidence suggests that while the OAA scheme may have tackled old-age poverty issues, it has little impact in dampening economic and social inequality among older Thais.
Experiences and Implications on Family Relationships for Grandmothers Raising Their Grandchildren
Authors: Musil Carol , Tracy Elizabeth , Braxton Rashon , Wallace McKenzie , Jeanblanc Alexandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the U.S., over 2.7 million grandparents are primary caregivers to grandchildren. It is critical to understand the experiences of grandparent caregivers to design tailored, supportive programs. Our aim was to analyze written journals of 129 grandmothers with respect to the impact of raising grandchildren on relationships with family members. As part of a national RCT study of grandmother caregivers, participants completed daily journals for 4 weeks. Employing thematic data analysis, three members of the research team coded using NVIVO 12 Plus. The research team met regularly to compare and resolve discrepancies in coding. Percent agreement was &gt; 80%. Relationships with the grandchild’s mother were characterized by anger/tension, resentment, and the realization that the mother was incapable of parenting while at the same time expressing worry/concern for her. Relationships with the grandchild’s father mirrored these dynamics while also depicting the father as a distant figure, inconsistent, and financially absent. Spousal relationships were marked by challenges faced by the spouse, their shared role/influence as a grandparent, and the quality of their time spent together. The other relationships described were often focused on their other adult children, as well as their own adult siblings. Grandmother caregivers expressed stress or strain and frustration within these relationships. Caregivers also verbalized gratitude for support from family members within the context of familial and financial stress. Grandmother caregivers may need support in managing familial relationships and stress within these relationships, which may be a target for future interventions.
Evaluation Findings of a Community-Based Intervention for Older Adults With a History of Trauma
Authors: Rabin Carmel , Yoskowitz Karen Edell , Bedney Barbara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Between 70% and 90% of Americans aged 65 and older have experienced at least one traumatic event such as a sexual or physical assault, disaster, illness, or terrorism. Trauma exposure in older adult populations is linked to physical, mental, and cognitive decline. A new approach to improve outcomes of trauma-affected older adults is Person-Centered, Trauma-Informed (PCTI) Care, which promotes the dignity, strength, and empowerment of trauma-affected individuals by incorporating knowledge about trauma into agency programs, policies, and procedures. The Administration for Community Living/Administration on Aging has awarded The Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA) a grant to develop innovative PCTI interventions for Holocaust survivors. This includes a community-based intervention whereby local leadership councils are developed to identify Holocaust survivor needs, distribute grant funding, train caregivers in PCTI care, and forge partnerships to advance community-led Holocaust survivor care. This program has been implemented in eight major US cities where 168 community leaders dispersed 25 grants serving approximately 500 Holocaust survivors. JFNA conducted an evaluation of the first six of the eight cities to determine the impact of this community-based model on participants and Holocaust survivors and investigate the process by which a community-based model can be replicated. This evaluation used surveys and semi-structured interviews to collect data on variables including understanding of PCTI care, awareness of Holocaust survivor needs, strength of community partnerships, and leadership council sustainability. This session will review evaluation findings including best practices for community-based models of PCTI care, and applicability of findings to other older populations.
A Systematic Review of Interventions That Reduce Family and Friend Caregiving Time
Authors: Baker Zachary , Jutkowitz Eric , Gaugler Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The decreasing number of family/friend caregivers available to help the rising number of older adults is creating a critical family care gap. For this reason, there is a growing need for interventions that reduce family/friend caregiving time. We systematically reviewed five electronic databases to identify randomized trials, case control, quasi-experimental, and cross-sectional studies that evaluated a modifiable element that could be targeted for interventions with care recipients 65+ and/or their family/friend caregivers and reported on an outcome of time spent caregiving. We excluded studies without a comparison, broadly defined. The initial search included 1,812 unique records. Following abstract and title screening 311 full-texts were reviewed. Fifty-five studies published between the years of 1990 and 2019 met inclusion criteria. Studies predominantly focused on care recipients with dementia (58%) and were largely conducted in western countries (91%). The categories of interventions reviewed included pharmaceuticals (25%), public long-term care financing (7%), case management (7%), care setting (16%), technology (7%), multi-component interventions (9%), skills building (15%), additional formal expertise/care (9%), and other (5%), with one study falling into multiple categories. Pharmaceuticals, case management, care setting, and multi-component interventions demonstrated promising evidence to reduce family/friend caregiving time. Methodologically, studies were inconsistent in measurement and ascertainment of caregiving time. Given the public health concerns of reduced availability of family/friend caregivers for older persons in the upcoming decades, caregiving interventions should consider measurements of caregiving time as key outcomes.
Recruiting Racially and Ethnically Diverse Dementia Family Caregivers for Survey Research
Authors: Mendez Kyra , Han Hae-Ra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recruiting racially and ethnically diverse dementia family caregivers (FCGs) for research can be challenging. The purposes of this presentation are to describe methods of successfully recruiting racially and ethnically diverse dementia FCGs for survey research and to share lessons learned. This study aimed to recruit dementia FCGs who have a chronic health condition and access to a mobile device. FCGs were primarily recruited from the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan area to complete an online or phone survey about their technology use. A variety of recruitment methods were used including: posting ads in a local newspaper targeting older adults, partnering with a local Alzheimer’s research center and memory treatment center, attending community events, using online research registries, and posting online advertisements. The most successful method of recruiting minorities was by attending community events for caregivers and talking directly with community members about the research study. Online recruitment methods were less successful, but yielded the greatest diversity of participants, including Asian, Native American, mixed race, and African American FCGs. Some challenges associated with recruiting minority FCGs were working with primarily immigrant communities; recruiting FCGs who do not speak English; and building trust among communities that have been negatively impacted by research. Suggestions for future research include using recruitment strategies that enable researchers to build rapport with FCGs, engaging community stakeholders to understand your source population, and using a variety of recruitment methods. Also, online recruiting through credible sources appears to be a somewhat feasible method of recruiting diverse FCGs for survey research.
The Patterns of Caregiving Activities for Family Caregivers of Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Huang Jing , Chau Pui Hing , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Wu Bei , Lou Vivian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purposes of this study were to identify the patterns of caregiving activities among family caregivers in Hong Kong and to examine their associations with characteristic factors and caregiver burden. The data was from the cross-sectional survey on the profiles of family caregivers of older adults in Hong Kong. 932 family caregivers were classified into different classes by using the Latent class analysis (LCA) according to their engagements in the 17 daily caregiving activities: 6 activities of daily living (ADLs), 8 instrumental activities of daily living activities (IADLs), emotional support, decision-making, and financial support. Five classes were revealed and labeled “Total All-round Caregiving” (Class I: 19.5%), “Partial All-round Caregiving” (Class II: 8.2%), “ADLs Free Caregiving” (Class III: 23.8%), “ADLs & Partial IADLs Free Caregiving” (Class IV: 32.5%), “Financial Caregiving” (Class V: 16.0%), respectively. Results from multinomial logistic regression found that the following factors were associated with the class membership: care recipients’ age, medical diagnoses, and caregivers’ gender, job status, marital status, self-rated economic status, living with care recipients, and caring for ≥40 hours per week. Findings from multiple linear regression showed caregivers with different patterns of caregiving activities reported different levels of caregiver burden. Caregivers in Class I have been found with the highest caregiver burden. This is the first study that has applied LCA to capture the patterns of caregiving activities among family caregivers. Identification of caregiving activity patterns and examination of their characteristics and caregiver burden can help healthcare providers to shift to prioritized and targeted caregiver support.
Self-Efficacy Among Caregivers of People With Dementia and Its Impact on Caregivers’ Health
Authors: Cho Soyeon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Self-efficacy is construct which is associated with positive thinking. It has been examined in caregiving studies to alleviate caregivers’ negative health outcomes. However, little is known about Asian American caregivers’ self-efficacy on their psychological and physical outcomes, especially caregivers with people with dementia. Thus, the present study examined self-efficacy of caregivers as a potential mediator in the association between caregiving role captivity and depressive symptoms among older Korean Americans. Data were driven from a cross-sectional study of 175 community-dwelling Korean American older adults (aged 60 and older) in 2019. The direct significant relation between caregiving role captivity and depressive symptoms became insignificant after self-efficacy was introduced, which demonstrates a full mediation effect of self-efficacy. Results suggest that even in the presence of caregiving role captivity, mental well-being such as depression of caregivers can be maintained by having competence in self-management of their own health.
Comparing a Clinician Assisted and App-Supported Positive Psychiatry Behavioral Activation Intervention
Authors: Massie Ariane , Cassidy Keri-Leigh , Vallis Michael , Conn David , Parsons Daria , Mitchell Julie Spence , Checkland Claire , Rabheru Kiran 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Positive psychiatry offers a unique approach to promote brain health and well-being in aging populations. Health interventions are increasingly becoming available using self-guided apps, however, little is known about the effectiveness of app technology or the difference between in-person versus self-guided app methodology for behavioural activation. The objective of this study was to investigate the difference in users and outcomes between two formats of a positive psychiatry intervention to promote brain health and well-being in later-life: (1) clinician-assisted, and (2) independent app use for self-management. As part of a larger national knowledge translation intervention two methods of a behavioural activation intervention (Clinician-assisted vs. Independent app use) were retrospectively compared. Main outcomes were patient characteristics (age, sex, and completion rate), psychological outcomes (health and resilience, and well-being), and behavioural outcomes (goal attainment, and items of goal SMART-ness). Clinician-assisted patients (n=254) were more likely to be male, older, and had lower health and resilience scores at baseline than Independent app users (n=333). Clinician-assisted patients had notably higher completion rates (99.2% vs. 10.8%). Psychological outcomes were similar regardless of intervention method for those who completed the intervention. Clinician-assisted patients had higher rates of goal attainment and goal SMART-ness. A preliminary goal setting methodology for effective behavioural activation, to promote brain health and wellness, is given. Clinician-patient relationships were found to be an important factor for intervention completion, caution is given for app use referral. Results indicate a need for further exploration to determine best practices for health app use in clinical practice.