bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Migraine as a Function of Headache Activity
Authors: Rogers Daniel G. , Bond Dale S. , Bentley John P. , Smitherman Todd A. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThis study sought to compare ambulatory physical activity (PA) between young adults with migraine, tension‐type headache (TTH), and non‐headache controls and determine if differences in PA were attributable to headache activity or other relevant covariates.BackgroundPA has been implicated in the development, manifestation, and treatment of various headache disorders. However, objective quantification of PA across headache types is lacking, and no study has quantified both prospective PA and the influence of headache occurrence on PA.MethodsA prospective cohort study followed university participants with migraine, with TTH, or without headache for 7 days using an Omron HJ‐112 pedometer and daily headache diaries. Daily free‐living PA was compared between groups, and differences in PA as a function of headache day vs non‐headache day were compared among those with migraine and TTH.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 516 observations from 100 young adults (81/100 female, mean age = 19.0 ± 1.7) comprised of 28 individuals with migraine, 37 individuals with TTH, and 35 non‐headache controls. On average, individuals with migraine engaged in less total PA than non‐headache controls (6847 vs 8573 steps/day; mean difference = −1726 [95% CI: −3135 to −318],P = .017) across the 7‐day monitoring period. After adjusting for relevant covariates (psychological symptoms, body mass index, weekend vs weekday), this difference was evident on both non‐headache days (adjusted mean = 5987 vs 8610,P = .002) and headache days (adjusted mean = 6986 vs 9958,P = .017). In contrast, PA of individuals with TTH (mean = 7691 steps/day) did not significantly differ from those with migraine. PA within groups as a function of headache day (vs non‐headache day) did not significantly differ for individuals with migraine (mean = 7357 vs 6191,P = .061) or individuals with TTH (mean = 7814 vs 7641,P = .736).ConclusionsConsistent with other studies, individuals with migraine reported lower levels of PA compared to non‐headache controls. Notably, relative reductions in PA occurred even on days in which headache was not experienced and were not attributable to the examined covariates, instead supporting a more global pattern of reduced PA. Further research is needed to isolate the mechanisms underlying interictal reductions in PA among those with migraine.
PIN‐like ductal carcinoma of the prostate has frequent activating RAS/RAF mutations
Authors: Kaur Harsimar B , Salles Daniela C , Paulk Adina , Epstein Jonathan I , Eshleman James R , Lotan Tamara L 
Published: August 2020

AimsProstatic intraepithelial neoplasia‐like (PIN‐like) ductal carcinoma is a rare tumour characterised by often cystically dilated glands architecturally resembling high‐grade PIN, but lacking basal cells. These tumours are frequently accompanied by grade group 1 acinar cancer and behave relatively indolently. In contrast, conventional ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate is an aggressive variant comparable to grade group 4 acinar cancer. Here, we used targeted next‐generation sequencing to molecularly profile PIN‐like ductal carcinoma cases at radical prostatectomy.Methods and resultsFive PIN‐like ductal carcinoma samples at radical prostatectomy with sufficient tumour tissue available were analysed for genomic alterations by targeted next‐generation sequencing using the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) solid tumour panel. DNA was captured using SureSelect for 640 genes and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform. Three of five (60%) of the PIN‐like ductal carcinomas showed activating mutations in the RAS/RAF pathways, which are extraordinarily rare in conventional primary prostate carcinoma (<3% of cases), including an activating hot‐spot BRAF mutation (p.K601E), an activating hot‐spot mutation in HRAS (p.Q61K) and an in‐frame activating deletion in BRAF (p.T488_Q493delinsK). An additional two cases lacked BRAF or HRAS mutations, but harboured in‐frame insertions of uncertain significance in MAP2K4 and MAP3K6. One case had sufficient acinar tumour for sequencing, and showed a similar molecular profile as the concurrent PIN‐like ductal carcinoma, suggesting a clonal relationship between the two components.ConclusionsPIN‐like ductal carcinoma represents a molecularly unique tumour, enriched for potentially targetable oncogenic driver mutations in the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway. This molecular profile contrasts with that of conventional ductal adenocarcinoma, which is typically enriched for pathogenic mutations in the mismatch repair (MMR) and homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathways.
Methamphetamine and cardiac disease among people with HIV infection
Authors: Martin TCS , Gianella S , Franklin D , Hsue P , Smith DM 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesPeople living with HIV (PWH) are at elevated risk of cardiac disease compared to the general population. Methamphetamine use has been associated with structural heart disease and increased mortality from cardiovascular disease but has not been explored as a cause of cardiac disease among PWH. We sought to evaluate the association of methamphetamine use and cardiac disease among PWH.MethodsWe performed a case–control study of participant data in the HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program. Cases were defined as PWH with a history of myocardial infarction or a history of heart failure (systolic or diastolic). Covariates, including methamphetamine abuse/dependence, were assessed using multiple logistic regression.ResultsAmong 3747 PWH, there was a history of myocardial infarction in 115 subjects (3.1%), and a history of heart failure in 41 (1.1%). Current or prior methamphetamine abuse/dependence was reported in 1036 (27.9%) and was not associated with myocardial infarction (P = 0.27) or heart failure (P = 0.84). In addition to traditional risk factors, variables associated with myocardial infarction included the presence of HIV infection (P = 0.01) and duration of HIV infection (P = 0.05). Variables associated with heart failure among PWH included older age, hypertension and myocardial infarction.ConclusionsNo association between methamphetamine abuse/dependence and a diagnosis of myocardial infarction or heart failure was found among PWH. Significant covariates for myocardial infarction and heart failure included traditional risk factors, the presence of HIV infection and the duration of HIV infection, emphasizing the need for optimal traditional cardiovascular risk factor management among PWH.
Compressive evaluation of mansory bricks produced with industrial byproduct aggregates
Authors: Martinez‐Amariz Alejandro , Muñoz Leda P. , Posso Fausto , Bellon Daniela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the effect upon the compressive strength of ceramic masonry bricks when industrial byproducts known as soot are added. The research includes an analysis of the granulometric properties of the constituent components, performed manually with ASTM C136‐01 screens to determine particle size using apertures sized from large to small; an analysis by XRD of the mineralogical phases present; a compressive strength analysis performed using standard compression testing machinery; and a water absorption measurement calculated according to Colombian Technical Standard: 4017:2015—Methods for the Sampling and Testing of Masonry Elements and other Clay Products. Five trials were performed using different mixtures of clay and soot, at substitution rates of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%. These mixtures were prepared under identical conditions in order to ensure validity of the resulting comparisons. The results showed that bricks with 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% added soot demonstrated superior structural strength compared to conventional units. Bricks incorporating 60% soot, however, were found to have lower strength and high porosity.
Unveiling mosquito cryptic species and their reproductive isolation
Authors: Zheng XL. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMosquitoes are major vectors of many infectious pathogens or parasites. Understanding cryptic species and the speciation of disease vectors has important implications for vector management, evolution and host‐pathogen and/or host–parasite interactions. Currently, mosquito cryptic species have been reported in many studies, most of which focus on the reproductive isolation of cryptic species and mainly on Anopheles gambiae sensu lato complex. Emerging species within the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae show different ecological preferences and significant prezygotic reproductive isolation, while Aedes mariae and Aedes zammitii show postmating reproductive isolation. However, data reporting the reproductive isolation in Culex and Aedes albopictus mosquito cryptic species is absent. The lack of systematic studies leaves many questions open, such as whether cryptic species are more common in particular habitats, latitudes or taxonomic groups; what mosquito cryptic species evolutionary processes bring about reproductive isolation in the absence of morphological differentiation? How does Wolbachia infection affect in mosquitoes' reproductive isolation? In this review, we provide a summary of recent advances in the discovery and identification of sibling or cryptic species within mosquito genera.
Immune profiling of influenza‐specific B‐ and T‐cell responses in macaques using flow cytometry‐based assays
Authors: Koutsakos Marios , Sekiya Toshiki , Chua Brendon Y , Nguyen Thi Hoang Oanh , Wheatley Adam K , Juno Jennifer A , Ohno Marumi , Nomura Naoki , Ohara Yuki , Nishimura Tomohiro , Endo Masafumi , Suzuki Saori , Ishigaki Hirohito , Nakayama Misako , Nguyen Cong T , Itoh Yasushi , Shingai Masashi , Ogasawara Kazumasa , Kino Yoichiro , Kent Stephen J , Jackson David C , Brown Lorena E , Kida Hiroshi , Kedzierska Katherine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInfluenza remains a significant global public health burden, despite substantial annual vaccination efforts against circulating virus strains. As a result, novel vaccine approaches are needed to generate long‐lasting and universal broadly cross‐reactive immunity against distinct influenza virus strains and subtypes. Several new vaccine candidates are currently under development and/or in clinical trials. The successful development of new vaccines requires testing in animal models, other than mice, which capture the complexity of the human immune system. Importantly, following vaccination or challenge, the assessment of adaptive immunity at the antigen‐specific level is particularly informative. In this study, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cynomolgus macaques, we describe detection methods and in‐depth analyses of influenza virus‐specific B cells by recombinant hemagglutinin probes and flow cytometry, as well as the detection of influenza virus‐specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells by stimulation with live influenza A virus and intracellular cytokine staining. We highlight the potential of these assays to be used with PBMCs from other macaque species, including rhesus macaques, pigtail macaques and African green monkeys. We also demonstrate the use of a human cytometric bead array kit in detecting inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from cynomolgus macaques to assess cytokine/chemokine milieu. Overall, the detection of influenza virus‐specific B and T cells, together with inflammatory responses, as described in our study, provides useful insights for evaluating novel influenza vaccines. Our data deciphering immune responses toward influenza viruses can be also adapted to understanding immunity to other infections or vaccination approaches in macaque models.
The role of O‐GlcNAcylation in immunity against infections
Authors: Quik Marjolein , Hokke Cornelis H. , Everts Bart 
Published: August 2020

SummaryMounting an effective immune response is crucial for the host to protect itself against invading pathogens. It is now well appreciated that reprogramming of core metabolic pathways in immune cells is a key requirement for their activation and function during infections. The role of several ancillary metabolic pathways in shaping immune cell function is less well understood. One such pathway, for which interest has recently been growing, is the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) that generates uridine diphosphate N‐acetylglucosamine (UDP‐GlcNAc), the donor substrate for a specific form of glycosylation termed O‐GlcNAcylation. O‐GlcNAc is an intracellular post‐translational modification that alters the functional properties of the modified proteins, in particular transcription factors and epigenetic regulators. An increasing number of studies suggest a central role for the HBP and O‐GlcNAcylation in dictating immune cell function, including the response to different pathogens. We here discuss the most recent insights regarding O‐GlcNAcylation and immunity, and explore whether targeting of O‐GlcNAcylation could hold promise as a therapeutic approach to modulate immune responses to infections.
High‐temperature electromagnetic wave absorption properties of Cf/SiCNFs/Si3N4 composites
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Yang , Long Lan , Luo Heng , Wang Yichen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarbon fibers reinforced Si3N4 composites with SiC nanofiber interphase (Cf/SiCNFs/Si3N4) were prepared by combining catalysis chemical vapor deposition and gel‐casting process. Microstructures, mechanical properties, and electromagnetic wave absorption properties within X‐band at 25°C‐800°C of Cf/SiCNFs/Si3N4 composites were investigated. Results show that SiC nanofibers are combined well with Si3N4 matrix and carbon fibers, the fracture toughness is thus increased more than double from 3.51 MPa·m1/2 of the Si3N4 ceramic to 7.23 MPa·m1/2 of the as‐prepared composites. As the temperature increases from 25°C to 800°C, Cf/SiCNFs/Si3N4 composites show a temperature‐dependent complex permittivity, attenuation constant, and impedance. The relatively high attenuation capability of Cf/SiCNFs/Si3N4 composites at elevated temperature results in a great minimum reflection loss of −20.3 dB at 800°C with a thin thickness of 2.0 mm. The superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance mainly originates from conductive loss, multi‐reflection, and strong polarization formed by the combined effects of carbon fibers and SiC nanofibers.
Visible emission and energy transfer in Tb3+/Dy3+ co‐doped phosphate glasses
Authors: Sun Yan , Yu Fei , Liao Meisong , Ma Juping , Wang Xin , He Dongbing , Gao Weiqing , Knight Jonathan , Hu Lili 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, we systematically study the spectroscopic properties of Tb3+/Dy3+ co‐doped phosphate glasses in the visible spectral region and explore the sensitization role of Dy3+ in the enhancement of visible fluorescence of Tb3+ ions. Judd‐Ofelt parameters Ω2 and Ω4/Ω6 of the phosphate glass as host for Tb3+ are calculated as 21.60 × 10‐20 cm2 and 0.73, respectively, based on the measured spectral absorption. Multiple energy transfer (ET) routes from Dy3+ to Tb3+ and their efficiencies are characterized, and the enhanced fluorescence properties of Tb3+ are investigated, including the emission spectral strength and the spontaneous emission lifetime as functions of Dy3+ doping concentration. The efficient nonradiative ET processes between Dy3+ and Tb3+ allow a moderate concentration level of Tb3+ to achieve favorably stronger spectral absorption at blue and ultraviolet wavelengths. Tb3+/Dy3+ co‐doped phosphate glass shows promising potential for phosphors and lasing operation at visible wavelengths.
Novel phenomenon of quasi‐volcanic corrosion on the alumina refractory‐slag‐air interface
Authors: Zou Yongshun , Huang Ao , Gu Huazhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA novel phenomenon of quasi‐volcanic corrosion at refractory–slag–air interface under simulated normal smelting conditions was discovered when alumina refractory came in contact with CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 slags and soaked at 1600°C. Based on thermodynamic and microstructure analysis, the mechanism of quasi‐volcanic corrosion was revealed and the effect of CaO/SiO2 mass ratio (C/S ratio) on corrosion was discussed. The results indicate that a two‐stage intensified convection led to the severe upwelling corrosion of the refractory at the triple‐phase interface. Furthermore, the critical intensity of the corrosive convection at the first stage on the formation of “slag volcano” was determined. This can serve as guidance for prolonging the service life of alumina refractory.
CEOs’ experience of the Great Chinese Famine and accounting conservatism
Authors: Hu Jun , Long Wenbin , Tian Gary Gang , Yao Daifei (Troy) 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates how a CEO's early‐life experience of the Great Chinese Famine affects corporate accounting conservatism. We find that companies whose CEOs had experienced famines in early life adopted more conservative accounting policies. This famine experience effect is more pronounced in high uncertainty environments proxied by non‐SOEs, politician turnovers and the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Additional tests indicate that CEOs with famine experience tend to support conservative accounting practices for contingencies and accelerate the recognition of asset impairments in negative events. Overall, consistent with imprinting theory, our results highlight the role of early‐life traumatic experiences in shaping CEOs’ risk preferences and financial reporting policies.
Effects of parent‐of‐origin models with different pedigree information on beef carcass traits and fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Inoue Keiichi , Nishio Motohide , Shoji Noriaki , Hirooka Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenomic imprinting should be considered in animal breeding systems to avoid lead in bias in genetic parameter estimation. The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of pedigree information on imprinting variances for carcass traits and fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle. Carcass records [carcass weight, rib eye area, rib thickness (RT), subcutaneous fat thickness and beef marbling score (BMS)] and fatty acid composition were obtained for 11,855 Japanese Black feedlot cattle. To estimate and compare the imprinting variances for the traits, two imprinting models with different pedigree information [the sire–dam gametic relationship matrix (Model 1) and the sire–maternal grandsire (MGS) numerator relationship matrix (Model 2)] were fitted. The ratio of the imprinting variance to the total additive genetic variance for RT (6.33%) and BMS (19.00%) was significant in Model 1, but only that for BMS (21.09%) was significant in Model 2. This study revealed that fitting the sire–MGS model could be useful in estimating imprinting variance under certain conditions, such as when restricted pedigree information is available. Furthermore, the present result suggested that the maternal gametic effects on BMS should be included in breeding programmes for Japanese Black cattle to avoid selection bias caused by imprinting effects.
Recognition of maturity‐onset diabetes of the young in China
Authors: Liang Hua , Zhang Yanan , Li Maixinyue , Yan Jinhua , Yang Daizhi , Luo Sihui , Zheng Xueying , Yang Guoqing , Li Zhuo , Xu Wen , Groop Leif , Weng Jianping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionGiven that mutations related to maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY) are rarely found in Chinese populations, we aim to characterize the mutation spectrum of MODY pedigrees.Materials and MethodsMaturity‐onset diabetes of the young candidate gene‐ or exome‐targeted capture sequencing was carried out in 76 probands from unrelated families fulfilling the clinical diagnostic criteria for MODY. MAF <0.01 in the GnomAD or ExAC database was used to filter significant variants. Sanger sequencing was then carried out to validate findings. Function prediction by SIFT, PolyPhen‐2 and PROVEAN or CADD was carried out in missense mutations.ResultsA total of 32 mutations in six genes were identified in 31 families, accounting for 40.79% of the potential MODY families. The MODY subtype detection rate was 18.42% for GCK, 15.79% for HNF1A, 2.63% for HNF4A, and 1.32% for KLF11, PAX4 and NEUROG3. Seven nonsense/frameshift mutations and four missense mutations with damaging prediction were newly identified novel mutations. The clinical features of MODY2, MODY3/1 and MODYX are similar to previous reports. Clinical phenotype of NEUROG3 p.Arg55Glufs*23 is characterized by hyperglycemia and mild intermittent abdominal pain.ConclusionsThis study adds to the emerging pattern of MODY epidemiology that the proportion of MODY explained by known pathogenic genes is higher than that previously reported, and found NEUROG3 as a new causative gene for MODY.
Burrowing behaviour of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla): Effects of life stage
Authors: Steendam Charlotte , Verhelst Pieterjan , Van Wassenbergh Sam , De Meyer Jens 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a fascinating species, exhibiting a complex life cycle. The species is, however, listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List due to an amalgam of factors, including habitat loss. This study investigated the burrowing behaviour and substrate preference of glass, elver and yellow stages of A. anguilla. Preference was determined by introducing eels in aquaria with different substrates and evaluating the chosen substrate for burrowing. In addition, burrowing was recorded using a camera in all substrate types and analysed for kinematics. The experiments showed that all of these life stages sought refuge in the sediments with particle sizes ranging from sand to coarse gravel. Starting from a resting position, they shook their head horizontally in combination with rapid body undulations until half of their body was within the substrate. High‐speed X‐ray videography revealed that once partly in the sediment, eels used only horizontal head sweeps to penetrate further, without the use of their tail. Of the substrates tested, burrowing performance was highest in fine gravel (diameter 1–2 mm; lower burrowing duration, less body movements and/or lower frequency of movements), and all eels readily selected this substrate for burrowing. However, glass eels and elvers were able to use coarse gravel (diameter >8 mm) because their smaller size allowed manoeuvring through the spaces between the grains. Further, burrowing performance increased with body size: glass eels required more body undulations compared to yellow eels. Interestingly, the urge to hide within the sediment was highest for glass eels and elvers. Documentation of substrate preference and burrowing behaviour of A. anguilla provides new information about their potential habitat use. Considering that habitat alterations and deteriorations are partly responsible for the decline of the eel, this information can contribute to the development of more effective conservation measures.