bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reported impact of public involvement in biobanks: A scoping review
Authors: Luna Puerta Lidia , Kendall Will , Davies Bethan , Day Sophie , Ward Helen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiobanks increasingly employ public involvement and engagement strategies, though few studies have explored their impact. This review aims to (a) investigate how the impact of public involvement in biobanks is reported and conceptualized by study authors; in order to (b) suggest how the research community might re‐conceptualize the impact of public involvement in biobanks.MethodsA systematic literature search of three electronic databases and the INVOLVE Evidence Library in January 2019. Studies commenting on the impact of public involvement in a biobank were included, and a narrative review was conducted.Results and discussionForty‐one studies covering thirty‐one biobanks were included, with varying degrees of public involvement. Impact was categorized according to where it was seen: ‘the biobank’, ‘people involved’ and ‘the wider research community’. Most studies reported involvement in a ‘functional’ way, in relation to improved rates of participation in the biobank. Broader forms of impact were reported but were vaguely defined and measured. This review highlights a lack of clarity of purpose and varied researcher conceptualizations of involvement. We pose three areas for further research and consideration by biobank researchers and public involvement practitioners.ConclusionsFunctional approaches to public involvement in biobanking limit impact. This conceptualization of involvement emerges from an entrenched technical understanding that ignores its political nature, complicated by long‐standing disagreement about the values of public involvement. This study urges a re‐imagination of impact, re‐conceptualized as a two‐way learning process. More support will help researchers and members of the public to undergo such reflective exercises.
Non‐necrotizing granulomatous pneumonitis and chronic pleuritis in soldiers deployed to Southwest Asia
Authors: Gordetsky Jennifer , Kim Christine , Miller Robert F , Mehrad Mitra 
Published: May 2020

AimsReports of respiratory illnesses among soldiers returning from Southwest Asia have been described. During deployment to Southwest Asia, soldiers are exposed to various respiratory hazards, including dust storms, smoke from burn pits and industrial air pollutants. A few studies have reported increased rates of constrictive bronchiolitis and asthma in these patients. We sought to expand upon the pathological findings in this cohort.Methods and resultsLung biopsies from veterans of Southwest Asia were identified and re‐reviewed. All patients had undergone pulmonary function tests and chest high‐resolution CT imaging with no significant findings. Overall, 59 patients with a history of inhalational exposure to at least one of the following were identified: smoke from burn pit, dust storm and sulphur plant fire. Samples included video‐assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsies (57 of 59, 96.6%) and cryobiopsies (two of 59, 3.4%). Patients were predominantly male (54 of 59, 91.5%) with an age range of 24–55 years (mean and median = 35). Non‐necrotising, poorly formed granulomas were identified in 22 cases (22 of 59, 37.2%). The granulomas were mainly bronchiolocentric and were associated with chronic lymphoplasmacytic bronchiolitis, similar to hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Pleural reaction in the form of focal chronic lymphocytic pleuritis and/or focal pleural adhesions were seen in 43 of 57 (75.4%) biopsies.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first study to report pleural reaction as well as features of HP in this population, suggesting that pleural reaction and HP may be part of the spectrum of Southwest Asia deployment‐related lung diseases.
Stability to thermal treatment of dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitory activity of a boarfish (Capros aper) protein hydrolysate when incorporated into tomato‐based products
Authors: Harnedy‐Rothwell Pádraigín A. , McLaughlin Chris M. , Crowe William , Allsopp Philip J. , McSorley Emeir M. , Devaney Martin , Whooley Jason , McGovern Brian , Parthsarathy Vadivel , O'Harte Finbarr P.M. , FitzGerald Richard J. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBiofunctional peptide ingredients should retain their stability following standard processing operations in food‐based delivery vehicles. A boarfish protein hydrolysate, exhibiting anti‐diabetic activity, was subjected to a range of thermal treatments following incorporation into tomato‐based soup and juice products. The dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitory activity and peptide profile of the hydrolysate within the products were assessed before and after thermal treatment. The treatments applied had no effect on the DPP‐IV inhibitory activity or peptide profile of the protein hydrolysate. The heat‐treated (90 °C × 1 min and 121 °C × 42 s) juice‐fortified beverage had microbial counts within the acceptable limits for consumption when stored at 4 °C for 30 days. Furthermore, the hydrolysate within the beverage products was resistant to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) regardless of whether it was heat‐ or non‐heat‐treated, or stored for 30 days at 4 °C. Therefore, tomato‐based beverages are suitable delivery vehicles for biofunctional peptide ingredients.
Femtosecond laser direct writing in SiO2‐Al2O3 binary glasses and thermal stability of Type II permanent modifications
Authors: Wang Yitao , Wei Shuen , Cicconi Miss R. , Tsuji Yuta , Shimizu Masahiro , Shimotsuma Yasuhiko , Miura Kiyotaka , Peng Gang‐Ding , Neuville Daniel R. , Poumellec Bertrand , Lancry Matthieu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate the potential of fabricating thermally stable refractive index contrasts using femtosecond (fs) near‐infrared (IR) radiation in aluminosilicate glasses. A set of pure SiO2‐Al2O3 glasses are manufactured, characterized (density and Raman), and investigated after being irradiated by fs laser within the Type II regime. The formation of nanogratings is identified and studied using quantitative birefringence measurements. Their thermal stability is then investigated through 30 minutes step isochronal annealing (up to 1250°C). For both SiO2 and 50SiO2‐50Al2O3 compositions, the normalized birefringence does not decrease when tested up to 1100°C, while for the 4,6 mol% GeO2‐SiO2 erased for 20% at 1000°C.
A gene co‐expression network analysis of the candidate genes and molecular pathways associated with feather follicle traits of chicken skin
Authors: Ji Gai‐ge , Zhang Ming , Liu Yi‐fan , Shan Yan‐ju , Tu Yun‐jie , Ju Xiao‐jun , Zou Jian‐min , Shu Jing‐ting , Wu Jun‐feng , Xie Jin‐fang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBack and thigh skin of chickens showed significant differences in the thickness and the feather follicle density and size, which are important traits for slaughtered chickens' appearance. In the present study, global gene expression profiling was conducted in the back and thigh skin of chickens using Microarray technology. The results showed that 676 genes were differentially expressed between back and thigh skin. The expression of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including PPP1R3C, IGF1, PTCHD1, HOXB6, FGF9, CAMK4, SHH, BMP8B, FOXN1 and PTGER2, was validated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), and the results were consistent with microarray results. Functional analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion and transport process, and the pathways were significantly mapped into the ECM‐receptor interaction, peroxisome, focal adhesion, Hedgehog and PPAR signalling pathways. Protein–protein interaction network analysis suggested that signalling pathways related to feathers morphogenesis and development, such as Wnt, FGF, MAPK, SHH and BMP signalling pathways, occupied important positions in the network. Genes involved in these signalling pathways and adhesion molecules might play a vital role in skin and feather follicle development. Further single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association analysis of Wnt3A showed that the AC genotype of SNP g.255361 C>A significantly increased the feather follicle density of thigh skin. Our findings may provide new insights on candidate genes and pathways related to skin and feather follicle formation of chickens.
Offering welcome in the kingdom of the sick: A physician guide to hospitality
Authors: Schrewe Brett , Ruitenberg Claudia W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe onset of acute illness may be accompanied by a profound sense of disorientation for patients. Addressing this vulnerability is a key part of a physician's purview, yet well‐intended efforts to do so may be impeded by myriad competing tasks in clinical practice. Resolving this dilemma goes beyond appealing to altruism, as its limitless demands may lead to physician burnout, disillusionment, and a narrowed focus on the biomedical aspects of care in the interest of self‐preservation. The authors propose an ethic of hospitality that may better guide physicians in attending to the comprehensive needs of patients that have entered “the kingdom of the sick.”MethodsUsing philosophical methods, the authors explore what compels people to present to emergent medical attention and why altruism may not offer physicians a sustainable way to address the vulnerabilities that occur in such situations. They then present the concept of hospitality from a Derridean perspective and use it to interpret a narrative case of an on‐call paediatrician caring for an infant with bronchiolitis to demonstrate how this approach may be practically implemented in the acute care hospital context.ResultsHospitality allows physicians to acknowledge that clinical presentations that are routine in their world may be disorienting and frightening to patients experiencing them acutely. Further, it recognizes that the vulnerability that accompanies acute illness may be compounded by the unfamiliarity of the hospital environment in which patients have sought support.Conclusion(s)While it is unlikely that anything physicians do will make the hospital a place where patients and caregivers will desire to be, hospitality may focus their efforts upon making it less unwelcoming. Specifically, it offers an orientation that supports patients in navigating the disorienting and unfamiliar terrains of acute illness, the hospital setting in which help is sought, and engagement with the health care system writ large.
Trends and predictions for survival and mortality in individuals with Down syndrome in Brazil: A 21‐year analysis
Authors: de Campos Gomes F. , de Melo‐Neto J. S. , Goloni‐Bertollo E. M. , Pavarino É. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRegional heterogeneities and sociodemographic characteristics affect mortality and population survival in Brazil. However, for individuals with Down syndrome (DS) this information remains unknown. In this study, we analysed survival and mortality rates among DS individuals in the five Brazilian geographic regions. In addition, we investigated whether there is an association between mortality and sociodemographic factors across administrative regions.MethodsData between 1996 and 2016, comprising 10 028 records of deaths of individuals with DS, were collected from database records of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. Data on race/ethnicity, sex, age and years of schooling were defined for the association analyses. Survival data were analysed according to the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model.ResultsThe number of deaths among people with DS has increased in recent years. Children are more susceptible to death, especially in the first years of life. Individuals living in the northern region, Indigenous women and people with no years of schooling have higher mortality. In the Southeast and South region, for White and Yellow, survival is related to a higher level of education. Ethnic factors and years of schooling influence risk for mortality across the administrative regions.ConclusionsThese findings show that sociodemographic characteristics affect survival and are associated with the risk of mortality for people with DS. In addition, this suggests that differences in access to health services among Brazilian regions, especially in the first years of life, may affect the survival of individuals with DS.
Docosahexaenoic acid protection against palmitic acid‐induced lipotoxicity in NGF‐differentiated PC12 cells involves enhancement of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis and necroptosis
Authors: Montero Manuel L. , Liu Jo‐Wen , Orozco José , Casiano Carlos A. , De Leon Marino 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLipotoxicity (LTx) leads to cellular dysfunction and cell death and has been proposed to be an underlying process during traumatic and hypoxic injuries and neurodegenerative conditions in the nervous system. This study examines cellular mechanisms responsible for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6 n‐3) protection in nerve growth factor‐differentiated pheochromocytoma (NGFDPC12) cells from palmitic acid (PAM)‐mediated lipotoxicity (PAM‐LTx). NGFDPC12 cells exposed to PAM show a significant lipotoxicity demonstrated by a robust loss of cell viability, apoptosis, and increased HIF‐1α and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein‐interacting protein 3 gene expression. Treatment of NGFDPC12 cells undergoing PAM‐LTx with the pan‐caspase inhibitor ZVAD did not protect, but shifted the process from apoptosis to necroptosis. This shift in cell death mechanism was evident by the appearance of the signature necroptotic Topo I protein cleavage fragments, phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain‐like, and inhibition with necrostatin‐1. Cultures exposed to PAM and co‐treated with necrostatin‐1 (necroptosis inhibitor) and rapamycin (autophagy promoter), showed a significant protection against PAM‐LTx compared to necrostatin‐1 alone. In addition, co‐treatment with DHA, as well as 20:5 n‐3, 20:4 n‐6, and 22:5 n‐3, in the presence of PAM protected NGFDPC12 cells against LTx. DHA‐induced neuroprotection includes restoring normal levels of HIF‐1α and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein‐interacting protein 3 transcripts and caspase 8 and caspase 3 activity, phosphorylation of beclin‐1, de‐phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain‐like, increase in LC3‐II, and up‐regulation of Atg7 and Atg12 genes, suggesting activation of autophagy and inhibition of necroptosis. Furthermore, DHA‐induced protection was suppressed by the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy. We conclude that DHA elicits neuroprotection by regulating multiple cell death pathways including enhancement of autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis and necroptosis.
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How industrial bacterial cultures can be kept stable over time
Authors: Wassenaar T.M. , Zimmermann K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The tremendous variation that exists between bacterial species illustrates the power of evolution, which is the continuous process of mutation and selection over time. Even within a bacterial species, individual members can harbour an impressive degree of genetic variation, depending on the species. The question then arises how similar the offspring of a given bacterial cell over time is, and how long it takes before differences are noticeable? Here we show that on the one hand one can expect random mutations to arise, as a result of various mechanisms. On the other hand, there are forces at play that keep the offspring of a cell genetically relatively constant, unless there is selection for a particular characteristic. The most common mechanisms behind mutations that can appear in a bacterial population are briefly introduced. Next, it is explained why nevertheless such mutations are rarely observed, as long as single colonies are randomly selected, unless selective pressures apply. Since quality control of industrial bacterial cultures is likely to depend heavily on genome sequencing in the near future, the accuracy of whole-genomic sequencing technologies is also discussed. It can be concluded that the bacteriologists who started picking single colonies from agar plates more than hundred years ago were unknowingly ingeneous, as their practice maintains a bacterial culture stable over time.

Significance and Impact of Study
The questions addressed here are relevant for industries that depend on live bacteria for (manufacturing of) their products, as they have to guard their bacterial cultures that remain unchanged over time. The explanation why randomly selection of single colonies keeps a population stable can be of use in bacteriology courses. The limitations of whole-genome sequencing are relevant to legislators to avoid overinterpretation of those data.
Proteostasis disturbances and endoplasmic reticulum stress contribute to polycystic liver disease: New therapeutic targets
Authors: Santos‐Laso Alvaro , Izquierdo‐Sanchez Laura , Rodrigues Pedro M. , Huang Bing Q. , Azkargorta Mikel , Lapitz Ainhoa , Munoz‐Garrido Patricia , Arbelaiz Ander , Caballero-Camino Francisco J. , Fernández‐Barrena Maite G. , Jimenez‐Agüero Raul , Argemi Josepmaria , Aragon Tomas , Elortza Felix , Marzioni Marco , Drenth Joost P. H. , LaRusso Nicholas F. , Bujanda Luis , Perugorria Maria J. , Banales Jesus M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsPolycystic liver diseases (PLDs) are genetic disorders characterized by progressive development of multiple biliary cysts. Recently, novel PLD‐causative genes, encoding for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐resident proteins involved in protein biogenesis and transport, were identified. We hypothesized that aberrant proteostasis contributes to PLD pathogenesis, representing a potential therapeutic target.MethodsER stress was analysed at transcriptional (qPCR), proteomic (mass spectrometry), morphological (transmission electron microscopy, TEM) and functional (proteasome activity) levels in different PLD models. The effect of ER stress inhibitors [4‐phenylbutyric acid (4‐PBA)] and/or activators [tunicamycin (TM)] was tested in polycystic (PCK) rats and cystic cholangiocytes in vitro.ResultsThe expression levels of unfolded protein response (UPR) components were upregulated in liver tissue from PLD patients and PCK rats, as well as in primary cultures of human and rat cystic cholangiocytes, compared to normal controls. Cystic cholangiocytes showed altered proteomic profiles, mainly related to proteostasis (ie synthesis, folding, trafficking and degradation of proteins), marked enlargement of the ER lumen (by TEM) and hyperactivation of the proteasome. Notably, chronic treatment of PCK rats with 4‐PBA decreased liver weight, as well as both liver and cystic volumes, of animals under baseline conditions or after TM administration compared to controls. In vitro, 4‐PBA downregulated the expression (mRNA) of UPR effectors, normalized proteomic profiles related to protein synthesis, folding, trafficking and degradation and reduced the proteasome hyperactivity in cystic cholangiocytes, reducing their hyperproliferation and apoptosis.ConclusionsRestoration of proteostasis in cystic cholangiocytes with 4‐PBA halts hepatic cystogenesis, emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy.
China’s market economy, shadow banking and the frequency of growth slowdown
Authors: Le Vo Phuong Mai , Matthews Kent , Meenagh David , Minford Patrick , Xiao Zhiguo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe activity of the Shadow Banks in China has been the subject of considerable interest in recent years. Total shadow banking lending has reached over 60% of GDP and has grown faster than regular bank lending. It has been argued that unregulated shadow banking has fuelled a credit boom that poses a risk to the stability of the financial system. This paper estimates a model of the Chinese economy using a DSGE framework that accommodates a banking sector that isolates the effects of lending to the private sector including shadow bank lending. A refinement of the model allows for bank lending including lending by the shadow banks to affect the credit premium on private investment. The main finding is that while financial shocks are significant, it is real shocks that dominate. The model is used to simulate the frequency of growth slowdowns in China and concludes that these are more likely to be driven by real sector shocks rather than financial sector, including shadow bank shocks. This paper differs from other applications in its use of indirect inference to test the fitted model against a three‐equation VAR of inflation, output gap and interest rate.
Long‐distance early endosome motility in Aspergillus fumigatus promotes normal hyphal growth behaviors in controlled microenvironments but is dispensable for virulence
Authors: Bieger Baronger Dowell , Rogers Audra Mae , Bates Steven , Egan Martin John 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn filamentous fungi, early endosomes are continuously trafficked to, and from, the growing hyphal tip by microtubule‐based motor proteins, serving as platforms for the long‐distance transport of diverse cargos including mRNA, signaling molecules, and other organelles which hitchhike on them. While the cellular machinery for early endosome motility in filamentous fungi is fairly well characterized, the broader physiological significance of this process remains less well understood. We set out to determine the importance of long‐distance early endosome trafficking in Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic human pathogenic fungus that can cause devastating pulmonary infections in immunocompromised individuals. We first characterized normal early endosome motile behavior in A. fumigatus, then generated a mutant in which early endosome motility is severely perturbed through targeted deletion of the gene encoding for FtsA, one of a complex of proteins that links early endosomes to their motor proteins. Using a microfluidics‐based approach we show that contact‐induced hyphal branching behaviors are impaired in ΔftsA mutants, but that FtsA‐mediated early endosome motility is dispensable for virulence in an invertebrate infection model. Overall, our study provides new insight into early endosome motility in an important human pathogenic fungus.
Does corruption boost or harm firms’ performance in developing and emerging economies? A firm‐level study
Authors: Martins Lurdes , Cerdeira Jorge , A.C. Teixeira Aurora 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the last decade, a growing number of studies have addressed the ongoing debate about whether corruption “sands” or “greases” the wheels of business at the firm level. This study revisits this debate and proposes a comprehensive theoretical framework to test whether corruption harms or boosts firm performance, as well as the extent to which this relationship is mediated by the countries’ institutional settings, the size and strategic behaviour of the firms, and market competition. Based on a sample of 21,250 firms located in 117 emerging and developing countries, and resorting to instrumental variable (IV) estimations, three main results were found: (a) regardless of the proxy used for corruption and firm performance, the former clearly harms the latter; (b) corruption “greases the wheels” of business for African firms but it “sands the wheels” for firms in Latin America, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Southern Asia; and (c) the negative impact of corruption on performance is mitigated for larger and exporting firms.