bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of physical function as a clinical outcome: Assessment and enhancement
Authors: O'Neill Deirdre , Forman Daniel E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe burgeoning population of older adults is intrinsically prone to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a context of multimorbidity and geriatric syndromes. Risks include high susceptibility to functional decline, with many older adults tipping towards patterns of sedentary behavior and to downstream effects of frailty, falls, disability, poor quality of life, as well as increased morbidity and mortality even if the incident CVD was treated perfectly. While physical activity has been shown to moderate these patterns both as primary or secondary preventive medical care, the majority of older adults fail to meet physical activity recommendations. Clinicians of all specialities, including CVD medicine, can benefit from greater proficiency in functional assessments for their older adults, as well as from insights how to initiate effective functional enhancing approaches even in older adults who may be frail, deconditioned, and medically complex. Pertinent functional assessments include traditional cardiovascular metrics of cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as strength and balance. This review summarizes the components of a wide‐ranging functional assessment that can be used to enhance care for older adults with CVD, as well as interventions to improve physical function.
Revisiting paternal absence: Female alloparental replacement of fathers recovers partner preference formation in female, but not male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: Rogers Forrest Dylan , Bales Karen Lisa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), biparental care of offspring is typical, and paternal absence in the pre‐weaning development of offspring alters biobehavioral development. We sought to determine whether this altered development is due to the absence of specific paternal qualities or a general reduction in pup‐directed care. We compared the biobehavioral development of pups reared under conditions of biparental (BPC), maternal‐plus‐alloparental (MPA; i.e., mother and older sister), and maternal only (MON) care. Older sisters provided a quantity of care equal to or greater than that of fathers. Growth rate and developmental milestones were unaffected by family composition, with the exception of earlier fur growth in MON conditions. In adulthood, we tested behaviors on an elevated plus maze, spontaneous alloparental care, and partner preference formation. We found no significant differences on the elevated plus maze and only marginal differences in alloparental care. While both female and male MON individuals showed deficits in partner preference formation, MPA females showed typical partner preference formation. However, the alloparental substitution of fathers was not sufficient for the typical development of partner preference formation in males. We conclude that paternal care plays a differentially important role in the social development of female and male prairie vole offspring.
A preliminary study of the gas hydrate stability zone in a gas hydrate potential region of China
Authors: Xiao Kun , Zou Changchun , Yang Yaxin , Zhang Hua , Li Hongxing , Qin Zhen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to its significance for gas hydrate accumulation, the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) is an essential condition for successful gas hydrate exploration and is usually controlled by three main factors: gas components, geothermal gradient, and permafrost thickness. Based on the core and conventional log data of gas hydrate potential region, the CSMHYD program was adopted to simulate the influences of above three factors on the thickness of the GHSZ. When the gas components of the gas hydrate were CH4, C2H6, and C3H8, with the CH4 percentage ranging from 50% to 100%, the average GHSZ thickness can reach 1000 m according to the forward simulation results. When the gas hydrate was composed of CH4 and one of C2H6, C3H8, H2S, and CO2, the influence order of the above four gases on the thickness of GHSZ is as follows: H2S ＞ C2H6 ＞ C3H8 ＞ CO2. Under the gas components of 90% CH4, 5% C2H6, and 5% C3H8, the thickness of GHSZ decreased rapidly as the geothermal gradient increased following an exponential relation with a correlation of 99.92% and increased slowly as permafrost thickness increased following a linear relation with a correlation of 99.9%. In addition, the thickness of a gas hydrate favorable reservoir was determined by comprehensive log methods as 500 m. We conclude that a reservoir within 500 m below the permafrost layer is favorable for gas hydrate reservoir formation.
Glucose‐lowering effect of Gryllus bimaculatus powder on streptozotocin‐induced diabetes through the AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Park Seon‐Ah , Lee Geum‐Hwa , Lee Hwa‐Young , Hoang The‐Hiep , Chae Han‐Jung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study was carried out to elucidate the antidiabetic effects of Gryllus bimaculatus powder using a streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced rat model of type I diabetes. Administration of the insect powder significantly rescued representative diabetes markers (i.e., insulin and C‐peptide) in STZ‐treated rats. Improved glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) results were also observed, indicating that Gryllus bimaculatus powder exerts antidiabetic effects. Gryllus bimaculatus powder administration rescued STZ‐induced alterations in both islet morphology and insulin staining patterns. The extract increased antiapoptotic Bcl2 expression and decreased proapoptotic Bax and active caspase 3 expressions. In addition, the Gryllus bimaculatus powder supplementation enhanced AKT/mTOR pathway, a key marker of the state of anabolic metabolism, and its downstream effector, mTOR. Collectively, our results suggest that Gryllus bimaculatus contributes to the maintenance of pancreatic β‐cell function and morphology against a diabetic state through the regulations against apoptosis and anabolic metabolism.
Effects of Newtonian heating and thermal radiation on micropolar ferrofluid flow past a stretching surface: Spectral quasi‐linearization method
Authors: Gangadhar Kotha , Vijayakumar Damerla , Chamkha Ali J. , Kannan Thangavelu , Sakthivel Gnanasekaran 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study article addressesthe flow and heat transfer characteristics of a magnetite Fe3O4 micropolar ferrofluid flow past a stretching sheet. For practical interest, thermal radiation, Newtonian heating, and a heat source or sink are considered in this investigation. A useful Tiwari‐Das nanofluid model is considered to analyze the microstructure and inertial characteristics of the water‐based nanofluids containing iron oxide. The dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved by employing suitable similarity variables. The resulting nonlinear system is solved by the spectral quasi‐linearization method. The effects of different nondimensional parameters on various profiles are shown graphically and explored in detail. It is found that the micropolar ferrofluid exhibits a higher energy distribution than that of a classical micropolar fluid. Compared to the classical micropolar liquid, local skin‐friction is more significant for the micropolar magnetite ferrofluid. In the presence of Newtonian heating, the thermal behavior of the micropolar nanofluid is remarkably better than that of the classical micropolar fluid.
The origins and development of the office of registrar in bankruptcy of the High Court
Authors: Baister Stephen , Tribe John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article examines the history of the office of Bankruptcy Registrar of the High Court of England and Wales. It is argued that the power of the registrars to act judicially grew from their authorisation to act pursuant to delegated powers introduced in 1869 and that this began a major shift in their role from being largely administrative to their current status as fully fledged (and renamed) insolvency and companies court judges. The fluidity of bankruptcy offices in the nineteenth century is also examined, demonstrating that certain bankruptcy officer‐holders moved freely between functions in the course of the development in the office of registrar from what might be called its administrative phase to the judicial phase with the eventual creation of a Bankruptcy Court and more recently the creation of a specialist insolvency and companies list in the new Business and Property Courts. Finally, it is argued that a factor in the foregoing developments and the increasing reputation of the bankruptcy registrars was the extension of their jurisdiction from pure bankruptcy work to include company insolvency, directors' disqualification cases and non‐insolvency company work, a significant increase in their trial work and their acquisition of an appellate jurisdiction.
Functional neural interactions during adaptive reward learning: An functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Wang Ting , Wu Xi , Jiang Jiefeng , Liu Chang , Zhu Ming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA key feature of learning in humans is flexibility in adjusting the weight of new information to update predictions. This flexibility can be computationally captured by changing the learning rate in a reinforcement‐learning model. Key components of reinforcement learning—such as prediction error (δ), learning rate (α), and reward feedback (r)—have been mapped to various brain areas. However, questions regarding the functional integration patterns in the human brain under the modulation of learning factors, and their interactions, remain unanswered. To investigate these phenomena, we first applied a reinforcement‐learning model with an adaptive learning rate and functional magnetic resonance imaging to simulate the individual's reward‐learning behavior. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis was then used to examine the functional interactions of the whole brain under the experimental condition of reward (r), the integration between reward and learning rate (α × r), and the integration between the prediction error and learning rate (α × δ) in a reward‐learning task. The behavior statistical analyses indicated that the model estimates of α and δ captured the participants' learning behavioral patterns of getting high reward, by changing α and δ for different difficulties and after getting different reward feedback. The PPI analysis results showed that motor‐related regions (including the supplement motor area, precentral gyrus, and thalamus) contributed to cognitive control processing regions (including the middle temporal gyrus, anterior and middle cingulate gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus) by α × r. Finally, α × δ modulated the interaction between subregions of the striatum.
Characterization of water‐vapour retrievals from TOVS/HIRS and SSM/T‐2 measurements
Authors: Engelen Richard J. , Stephens Graeme L. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis paper studies the retrieval characteristics of water‐vapour retrievals from infrared TOVS (TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder) radiances and microwave SSM/T‐2 (Special Sensor Microwave/Water‐vapour Sounder) radiances. An optimal‐estimation retrieval scheme is built around a radiative‐transfer model that uses a spectral‐band model based on the Malkmus line distribution for the infrared and the MPM92 transmission model for the microwave. Characteristics from synthetic retrievals show that the sensitivity to water vapour in the lower troposphere is low for TOVS and SSM/T‐2 over land, but high for SSM/T‐2 over ocean. The sensitivity to water vapour in the middle and upper troposphere is high for TOVS, but low for SSM/T‐2. The vertical resolution of the retrievals is restricted to a few kilometers for both instruments. The dependence on a priori information is therefore substantial, especially in the lower troposphere. A global retrieval with real data from the TOVS instrument and a priori data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction re‐analysis constrained by an extra total‐column constraint from SSM/I (Imager) data shows that the retrieval scheme is able to produce monthly‐mean fields similar to other data on monthly‐mean precipitable‐water fields and layered information about column water vapour. The approach presented allows for a useful error characterization that quantifies the dependence on the a priori information. In general, the best performance of the retrieval scheme is achieved in the tropical upper troposphere.
Heterogeneous Spatial and Strength Adaptation of the Proximal Femur to Physical Activity: A Within-Subject Controlled Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Warden Stuart J , Carballido-Gamio Julio , Weatherholt Alyssa M , Keyak Joyce H , Yan Chenxi , Kersh Mariana E , Lang Thomas F , Fuchs Robyn K 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Physical activity (PA) enhances proximal femur bone mass, as assessed using projectional imaging techniques. However, these techniques average data over large volumes, obscuring spatially heterogeneous adaptations. The current study used quantitative computed tomography, statistical parameter mapping, and subject-specific finite element (FE) modeling to explore spatial adaptation of the proximal femur to PA. In particular, we were interested in adaptation occurring at the superior femoral neck and improving strength under loading from a fall onto the greater trochanter. High/long jump athletes (n = 16) and baseball pitchers (n = 16) were utilized as within-subject controlled models as they preferentially load their take-off leg and leg contralateral to their throwing arm, respectively. Controls (n = 15) were included but did not show any dominant-to-nondominant (D-to-ND) leg differences. Jumping athletes showed some D-to-ND leg differences but less than pitchers. Pitchers had 5.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.9%–7.6%) D-to-ND leg differences in total hip volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), with increased vBMD in the cortical compartment of the femoral neck and trochanteric cortical and trabecular compartments. Voxel-based morphometry analyses and cortical bone mapping showed pitchers had D-to-ND leg differences within the regions of the primary compressive trabeculae, inferior femoral neck, and greater trochanter but not the superior femoral neck. FE modeling revealed pitchers had 4.1% (95% CI 1.4%–6.7%) D-to-ND leg differences in ultimate strength under single-leg stance loading but no differences in ultimate strength to a fall onto the greater trochanter. These data indicate the asymmetrical loading associated with baseball pitching induces proximal femur adaptation in regions associated with weight bearing and muscle contractile forces and increases strength under single-leg stance loading. However, there were no benefits evident at the superior femoral neck and no measurable improvement in ultimate strength to common injurious loading during aging (ie, fall onto the greater trochanter), raising questions as to how to better target these variables with PA. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Nutrient removal from swine wastewater using a thermotolerant strain of Chlorella sp. grown under outdoor conditions
Authors: Gracida‐Valdepeña Miriam L , Navarro‐Aguirre Fernanda , Herrera‐Acosta Karla , Ulloa‐Mercado Gabriela , Meza‐Escalante Edna , Plascencia‐Jatomea Rigoberto , González‐Meza Georgia , Serrano‐Palacios Denisse 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, wastewater effluents from animal farms have been treated using microalgae for the removal of organic and inorganic compounds. Swine wastewater (SW) and wastewater treated by anaerobic digestion (TW) were used as culture media for a wild strain of microalga, Chlorella sp. (Chlorophyta), previously isolated for our research group. This was cultivated under laboratory conditions in a batch culture, and then inoculated in a cascade thin‐layer reactor under outdoor conditions. The kinetic behavior, nutrient removal (COD, NH4+‐N, NO3−‐N and PO34−‐P) efficiency and biochemical composition of the microalga biomass were evaluated.RESULTSSW supported the highest growth (339 × 106 cells mL−1 and μ = 0.42 d−1) and the maximal removal of COD (91%), nitrates (87%), ammonium (45%) and phosphate (70%) in a batch culture. Whereas, in continuous cultivation, an adequate operation was achieved at temperatures up to 42 °C, with removals greater than 80% of COD, 70% of nitrates, 90% of ammonium and 60% of phosphates. Also, the produced biomass achieved the highest content of proteins (386 mg g−1 dry weight), carbohydrates (291.49 mg g−1 dry weight) and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, reaching 74.76% of total fatty acids.CONCLUSIONSThe SW medium showed greater growth of Chlorella than TW using the outdoor thin‐layer cascade reactor. This is an opportunity to use wastewater as nutrient to obtain biomass enriched in compounds with various possibilities for application. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Catalytic reduction of 1,4‐benzoquinone to hydroquinone via [FeFe]‐hydrogenase model complexes under mild conditions
Authors: Wang Jingchao , Zhang Tianyong , Jiang Shuang , Ma Xiaoyuan , Shao Xiao , Wang Di , Li Xianggao , Li Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDHydroquinone (HQ) is an important fine chemical raw material and intermediate, which is widely used in chemistry industry. It is great significance to develop a new environmentally‐friendly synthesis method to produce HQ.RESULTSThree [FeFe]‐hydrogenase model complexes (μ‐budt)[Fe(CO)3]2[1; budt = SCH(CH3)CH2CH2)S], (μ‐budt)[Fe(CO)3][Fe(CO)2PPh3](2), and (μ‐bust)[Fe(CO)3]2 [3; bust = SCH(CH3)CH2CH2)S(O)] were synthesized by direct CO/L substitution or sulfur based oxygenation. The synthesized new complexes were fully characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and X‐ray crystallography. The electrochemical properties of these model complexes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry in CH2CI2 to evaluate the redox properties of the iron atoms. It was indicated that these new complexes are not only electrochemical catalysts for proton reduction of hydrogen, but also efficient catalysts for catalytic the transfer hydrogenation of BQ (1, 4‐benzoquinone) to prepare HQ under mild conditions. Especially,complex 2 exhibited the highest catalytic activity for reduction of BQ with methanol as the proton source, which gave a BQ conversion of 91 % and 72 % selectivity for HQ.CONCLUSIONSThe complex 2 can be a new type catalyst for catalytic reduction of BQ to HQ under mild reaction conditions. In addition, the Kinetics and mechanism were also investigated for a proposed transfer hydrogenation process. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Association of CD14 gene −260C>T and −561C>T polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Guan Yin , Huang Xiao‐Feng , Li Pei‐Jie , Cao Wen , Gao Xue‐Hua , Guan Xia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTwo polymorphisms, −260C>T (rs2569190) and −561C>T (rs5744455), in the CD14 gene have been implicated in susceptibility to cancer. However, the results remain inconclusive. The current meta‐analysis was carried out aiming to confirm the function of these two polymorphisms on the susceptibility of cancer.MethodsWe collected eligible studies from databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP (Weipu). We used logistic regression calculation to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAfter strict selection, 24 studies with 5854 cases and 10339 controls for −260C>T and seven studies with 1809 cases and 7289 controls for −561C>T were finally enlisted into our analysis reference material. Pool results revealed that neither −260C>T, nor −561C>T was found to have any association with overall cancer susceptibility. Nevertheless, when stratified by cancer type, we detected a decreased risk associated with other cancers in a heterozygous model (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.93, p = 0.014) and a dominant model (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.53–0.93, p = 0.012) for −561C>T. An increased risk was found in other cancers under an allele model (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.03–1.62, p = 0.026), in laryngeal cancer under a dominant model (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.11–1.71, p = 0.003) and for a score ≤ 9 under a recessive model (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.09–1.91, p = 0.009) for −561C>T.ConclusionsIn the present study, we conclude that the CD14 –260C>T and −561C>T polymorphisms might not be associated with overall cancer risk. Further studies are encouraged to confirm this conclusion.
Postharvest melatonin treatment reduces chilling injury in sapota fruit
Authors: Mirshekari Amin , Madani Babak , Yahia Elhadi M , Golding John B , Vand Shokrollah Haji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSapota is a popular tropical fruit characterized by a very short postharvest life. Low‐temperature storage prolongs postharvest life of sapota fruit, but chilling injury symptoms can develop if the storage temperature is less than 14 °C. There have been no reports on the effects of postharvest melatonin application on the development of chilling injury in sapota fruit during cold storage. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of postharvest melatonin application (0, 30, 60 and 90 μmol L−1) during cold storage (8 °C) for up to 30 days with an additional 1‐day shelf life at ambient temperature.RESULTSAll melatonin treatments reduced chilling injury symptoms, reduced electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, H2O2 and superoxide anion (O2−), and increased proline content and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), and reduced the activities of phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) compared to the control.CONCLUSIONPostharvest melatonin treatment could be a useful strategy for reducing chilling injury during cold storage and transport of sapota fruit. The results indicate that melatonin reduces chilling injury of sapota fruit through maintaining membrane integrity, SOD and CAT activities, and reducing PLD and LOX activities. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry