bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data Collection Tools for Maternal and Child Health in Humanitarian Emergencies: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Constantino Juliana Lima , Romeiro Fernanda Dias , Diaz Theresa , Moran Allisyn C , Boschi-Pinto Cynthia 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe worst rates of preventable mortality and morbidity among women and children occur in humanitarian settings. Reliable, easy-to-use, standardized, and efficient tools for data collection are needed to enable different organizations to plan and act in the most effective way. In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned a review of tools for data collection on the health of women and children in humanitarian emergencies. An update of this review was conducted to investigate whether the recommendations made were taken forward and to identify newly developed tools. Fifty-three studies and 5 new tools were identified. Only 1 study used 1 of the tools identified in our search. Little has been done in terms of the previous recommendations. Authors may not be aware of the availability of such tools and of the importance of documenting their data using the same methods as other researchers. Currently used tools may not be suitable for use in humanitarian settings or may not include the domains of the authors’ interests. The development of standardized instruments should be done with all key workers in the area and could be coordinated by the WHO.
Telescope and Microscope. A micro-historical approach to global China in the eighteenth century
Authors: MENEGON EUGENIO 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne of the challenges of global history is to bridge the particularities of individual lives and trajectories with the macro-historical patterns that develop over space and time. Italian micro-history, particularly popular in the 1980s–1990s, has excavated the lives of small communities or individuals to test the findings of serial history and macro-historical approaches. Micro-history in the Anglophone world has instead focused more on narrative itself, and has shown, with some exceptions, less interest for ampler historiographical conclusions.Sino-Western interactions in the early modern period offer a particularly fruitful field of investigation, ripe for a synthesis of the global and the micro-historical. Cultural, social, and economic phenomena can be traced in economic and statistical series, unpublished correspondence, and other non-institutional sources, in part thanks to the survival of detailed records of the activities of East India companies and missionary agencies in China. Recent scholarship has started to offer new conclusions, based on such Western records and matching records in the Chinese historical archive.In this article, I offer a methodological reflection on ‘global micro-history’, followed by four micro-historical ‘vignettes’ that focus on the economic and socio-religious activities of the Roman Catholic mission in Beijing in the long eighteenth century. These fragments uncover unexplored facets of Chinese life in global contexts from the point of view of European missionaries and Chinese Christians in the Qing capital—‘end users’ of the local and global networks of commerce and religion bridging Europe, Asia, Africa, and South and Central America.
Effects of acute transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on emotion recognition in adolescent depression
Authors: Koenig Julian , Parzer Peter , Haigis Niklas , Liebemann Jasmin , Jung Tamara , Resch Franz , Kaess Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTranscutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a promising therapeutic option for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. Alternative third-line treatments for MDD in adolescents are scarce. Here we aimed to assess the effects of acute tVNS on emotion recognition in adolescents with MDD.MethodsAdolescents (14–17 years) with MDD (n = 33) and non-depressed controls (n = 30) received tVNS or sham-stimulation in a cross-sectional, case–control, within-subject cross-randomized controlled trial, while performing different tasks assessing emotion recognition. Correct responses, response times, and errors of omission and commission on three different computerized emotion recognition tasks were assessed as main outcomes. Simultaneous recordings of electrocardiography and electro dermal activity, as well as sampling of saliva for the determination of α-amylase, were used to quantify the effects on autonomic nervous system function.ResultstVNS had no effect on the recognition of gradually or static expressed emotions but altered response inhibition on the emotional Go/NoGo-task. Specifically, tVNS increased the likelihood of omitting a response toward sad target-stimuli in adolescents with MDD, while decreasing errors (independent of the target emotion) in controls. Effects of acute tVNS on autonomic nervous system function were found in non-depressed controls only.ConclusionsAcute tVNS alters the recognition of briefly presented facial expressions of negative valence in adolescents with MDD while generally increasing emotion recognition in controls. tVNS seems to specifically alter early visual processing of stimuli of negative emotional valence in MDD. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic benefit of tVNS in adolescent MDD that requires further evaluation within clinical trials.
Rethinking silence, gender, and power in insecure sites: Implications for feminist security studies in a postcolonial world
Authors: Parpart Jane 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMy current interest in silence, gender, and power owes much to discussions with Marysia Zalewski over the years. Much of my work has focused on masculinity, gender relations, and gender hierarchies with a focus on security and development in conflict zones. More recently, I have begun to explore silence not as a sign of disempowerment, but as a powerful force that can be used in many ways. This approach enables a more multi-levelled understanding of silence and voice and their many interactions. It has much to tell the Global North, where we prize voice and often underestimate the power of silence.
Uneven use of biodiversity indicators in 5th National Reports to the Convention on Biological Diversity
Authors: Bhatt Rashi , Gill Michael J. , Hamilton Healy , Han Xuemei , Linden Ellie , Young Bruce E. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIndicators are necessary to monitor national progress toward commitments made to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), but countries often struggle to mobilize quantitative indicators for many biodiversity targets. Assessing the extent to which countries are using measurable indicators from global and national sources by surveying 5th National Reports to the CBD, we found that nationally generated indicators were used 11 times more frequently than global indicators and only one-fifth of indicators matched those recommended by the CBD, suggesting that countries and indicator experts should work more closely to agree upon measurable, scalable, fit-for-purpose indicators for the next generation of CBD targets.
Assessing the sustainability of harvest of the European Turtle-dove along the European western flyway
Authors: LORMÉE HERVÉ , BARBRAUD CHRISTOPHE , PEACH WILL , CARBONERAS CARLES , LEBRETON JEAN DOMINIQUE , MORENO-ZARATE LARA , BACON LEO , ERAUD CYRIL 
Published: December 2019

SummaryWith a decline exceeding 30% over three generations, the once-common European Turtle-dove is now considered globally threatened by IUCN. As a legal game species in 10 European countries, the recent International Single Species Action Plan for this species highlighted the need to carry out an assessment of the sustainability of current levels of hunting. In 2013–2014, the Western European population was estimated at 1.3–2.1 million pairs, and the hunting bag in the same region to be 1.1 million birds. Using the Demographic Invariant Method, we assessed whether current levels of hunting harvest within Europe constitute overexploitation of the western flyway European Turtle-dove population. We calculated the maximum growth rate λmax that a population might achieve in the absence of any additive mortality. Then we estimated the potential maximum harvestable population fraction (P) allowed by excess population growth. We explored a wide range of plausible scenarios relating to assumed demographic rates, geographic scope of the flyway and management objectives. λmax was estimated to lie between 1.551 and 1.869. Current levels of hunting along the western flyway are more than double the sustainable fraction (P) under all suitably conservative scenarios, and only fall below this threshold under the most restrictive assumptions. We conclude that current levels of legal hunting along the western flyway are unlikely to be sustainable. Reducing uncertainty associated with assessments of the sustainability of turtle dove hunting will require improved information on (in order of decreasing importance) current levels of hunting, adult survival, age structure and population size.
Antenatal Dads and First Year Families program: a qualitative study of fathers’ and program facilitators’ experiences of a community-based program in Australia
Authors: Parry Yvonne Karen , Ankers Matthew David , Abbott Shelly , Willis Lyall , Thorpe Lynne , O’Brien Teresa , Richards Curtis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aim:
Currently, there is limited knowledge on the impact of father-only sessions or parenting programs supporting impending fatherhood. This research explored an antenatal dads program aimed at fathers to assess the benefits of such interventions.

Background:
Literature regarding parenting programs and early childhood education initiatives, especially those aimed at children and families in disadvantaged circumstance, have been demonstrated to act as a buffer to poorer health and lifestyle outcomes in later life.

Methods:
A qualitative research approach was used to explore the experiences of 16 fathers and 6 staff of a community-based parenting program with sessions focusing on fatherhood.

Findings:
Four main themes were identified from the data regarding the experiences of groups engaged with the Antenatal Dads and First Year Families program. The first theme ‘Knowledge and Capacity Building’ stated that the information provided in the program helped fathers to be better informed and prepared for their impending fatherhood. The second theme was ‘Mental Health Awareness’ and identified the importance of raising awareness of depression and suicide in fathers, including where and how to get help. The third theme was ‘Soft-Entry’ and highlighted how the attendance at one service helped participants to learn about additional services through word of mouth and targeted promotion. The final theme was ‘Feeling Connected’, which helped fathers to feel more connected with the process of childbirth and development including playing and engaging with their children. Overall, the fathers found that the male-only sessions assisted them by supporting frank discussions on fatherhood. Additionally, the study helped identify the advantages of fathers meeting other fathers through attendance in the program, or even other couples in similar situations that helped fathers to feel less lonely regarding their situation.
Wisconsin Twin Project Overview: Temperament and Affective Neuroscience
Authors: Schmidt Nicole L. , Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn , Goldsmith H. Hill 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Wisconsin Twin Project encompasses nearly 30 years of longitudinal research that spans infancy to early adulthood. The twin sample was recruited from statewide birth records for birth cohorts 1989–2004. We summarize early recruitment, assessment, retention and recently completed twin neuroimaging studies. In addition to the focal twins, longitudinal data were also collected from two parents and nontwin siblings. Our adolescent and young adult neuroimaging sample (N = 600) completed several previous behavioral and environmental assessments, beginning shortly after birth. The extensive phenotyping is meant to support a range of empirical investigations with potentially differing theoretical perspectives.
Shallow Seafloor Gas emissions Near Heard and McDonald Islands on the Kerguelen Plateau, Southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Spain E. A. , Johnson S. C. , Hutton B. , Whittaker J. M. , Lucieer V. , Watson S. J. , Fox J. M. , Lupton J. , Arculus R. , Bradney A. , Coffin M. F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBubble emission mechanisms from submerged large igneous provinces remains enigmatic. The Kerguelen Plateau, a large igneous province in the southern Indian Ocean, has a long sustained history of active volcanism and glacial/interglacial cycles of sedimentation, both of which may cause seafloor bubble production. We present the results of hydroacoustic flare observations around the underexplored volcanically active Heard Island and McDonald Islands on the Central Kerguelen Plateau. Flares were observed with a split‐beam echosounder and characterized using multifrequency decibel differencing. Deep‐tow camera footage, water properties, water column δ3He, subbottom profile, and sediment δ13C and δ34S data were analyzed to consider flare mechanisms. Excess δ3He near McDonald Islands seeps, indicating mantle‐derived input, suggests proximal hydrothermal activity; McDonald Islands flares may thus indicate CO2, methane, and other minor gas bubbles associated with shallow diffuse hydrothermal venting. The Heard Island seep environment, with subbottom acoustic blanking in thick sediment, muted 3He signal, and δ13C and δ34S fractionation factors, suggest that Heard Island seeps may either be methane gas (possibly both shallow biogenic methane and deeper‐sourced thermogenic methane related to geothermal heat from onshore volcanism) or a combination of methane and CO2, such as seen in sediment‐hosted geothermal systems. These data provide the first evidence of submarine gas escape on the Central Kerguelen Plateau and expand our understanding of seafloor processes and carbon cycling in the data‐poor southern Indian Ocean. Extensive sedimentation of the Kerguelen Plateau and additional zones of submarine volcanic activity mean additional seeps or vents may lie outside the small survey area proximal to the islands.
Santa Ana Winds of Southern California Impact PM2.5With and Without Smoke From Wildfires
Authors: Aguilera Rosana , Gershunov Alexander , Ilango Sindana D. , Guzman‐Morales Janin , Benmarhnia Tarik 
Published: December 2019

Key PointsSanta Ana winds have a predominant ventilation effect as background PM2.5is transported offshore from highly polluted areasA polluting effect occurs when SAWs spread smoke PM2.5from wildfires inland toward the coastal regionStatistical approaches that relate surface wind and PM2.5over space and time can help in identifying wildfire PM2.5
Ozone Transport‐Radiation Feedbacks in the Tropical Tropopause Layer
Authors: Charlesworth Edward J. , Birner Thomas , Albers John R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe tropical tropopause layer (TTL) temperature balance is of considerable interest for its control over the amount of water entering the stratosphere. The upwelling branch of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC) directly affects these temperatures through adiabatic cooling. BDC upwelling also indirectly affects TTL temperatures through the influence of ozone transport on radiative heating. We investigate this latter feedback using a single‐column radiative‐convective equilibrium model coupled with a model of simplified stratospheric ozone chemistry and vertical transport. We find that BDC ozone transport is of first‐order importance for TTL temperatures. Additionally, we estimate the effect of ozone transport on cold point tropopause temperature responses to changes in upwelling. We find that the feedback is responsible for approximately 20% of the response to perturbations on time scales longer than about half a year but that this contribution can be neglected for time scales shorter than about a week.
Generation and Characteristics of Unusual High Frequency EMIC Waves
Authors: Teng S. , Li W. , Tao X. , Ma Q. , Wu Y. , Capannolo L. , Shen X.‐C. , Gan L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report unusual Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) waves with a very narrow frequency bandwidth, closely following and approaching the proton gyrofrequency. One interesting case analysis shows that magnetosonic waves, anisotropic suprathermal proton distributions, and high frequency EMIC waves are closely related. Magnetosonic waves potentially cause the resonant heating of suprathermal protons and the temperature anisotropy of suprathermal protons (10–100 eV) likely provides free energy for the excitation of high frequency EMIC waves. The statistical analysis shows that this type of EMIC waves has a typical wave amplitude of ~100 pT, left‐handed polarization, and small wave normal angles. Moreover, these low frequency EMIC waves typically occur near the equator in the low‐density regions from dawn to dusk. These newly observed high frequency EMIC waves provide new insights into understanding the generation of EMIC waves and the energy transfer between magnetosonic waves and EMIC waves.
The Preseismic and Postseismic Phases of the 700‐km Deep M7.9 Bonin Islands Earthquake, Japan
Authors: Gardonio B. , Schubnel A. , Das S. , Lyon‐Caen H. , Marsan D. , Bouchon M. , Kato A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe 30 May 2015 M
7.9 Bonin Islands earthquake, Japan, is one of the largest deep‐focus earthquakes ever recorded. Its occurrence, close to 700‐km depth, in an area without any known historical seismicity, along with its magnitude, was a surprise to scientists. Deep earthquakes are generally believed to have few aftershocks and no foreshocks. Here, we explore the earthquake productivity in the hypocentral surroundings and detect 49 not previously identified earthquakes, 28 of which occurred during an accelerating preseismic phase that started 3 months prior to the main shock. This is the first time that such foreshock activity has been observed for a deep earthquake. The preseismic and postseismic activity suggests transformational faulting within a metastable olivine wedge (MOW) inside the slab at depth as the triggering principal mechanism for this deep earthquake sequence, the seismicity starting where the backward bending of the subducting Pacific plate is maximum.
Quantifying Asynchronicity of Precipitation and Potential Evapotranspiration in Mediterranean Climates
Authors: Feng Xue , Thompson Sally E. , Woods Ross , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent climate change has contributed to shifts in the seasonal interplay between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, which have in turn increased droughts and reduced freshwater availability in Mediterranean climate regions. To overcome limitations in existing indices for comparing these seasonal hydroclimatic drivers at the global scale, we introduce an information theory‐based, nonparametric asynchronicity index that captures both the temporal alignment and relative magnitudes of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. We use this asynchronicity index to first identify Mediterranean climates around the world. We then apply the asynchronicity index over two Mediterranean climate regions and show that their boundaries have shifted between 1960 and 2018, resulting in a regional expansion in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and a contraction in southwestern Australia. These results highlight the need for globally consistent measures of seasonal climatic water supply and demand for diagnosing potential changes in water resources and ecosystem responses within Mediterranean climate regions.
Multiphysics Modeling of a Brittle‐Ductile Lithosphere: 2. Semi‐brittle, Semi‐ductile Deformation and Damage Rheology
Authors: Jacquey Antoine B. , Cacace Mauro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe brittle‐ductile transition is a domain of finite extent characterized by high differential stress where both brittle and ductile deformation are likely to occur. Understanding its depth location, extent, and stability through time is of relevance for diverse applications including subduction dynamics, mantle‐surface interactions, and, more recently, proper targeting of high‐enthalpy unconventional geothermal resources, where local thermal conditions may activate ductile creep at shallower depths than expected. In this contribution, we describe a thermodynamically consistent physical framework and its numerical implementation, therefore extending the formulation of the companion paper Jacquey and Cacace (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018474) to model thermo‐hydro‐mechanical coupled processes responsible for the occurrence of transitional semi‐brittle, semi‐ductile behavior in porous rocks. We make use of a damage rheology to account for the macroscopic effects of microstructural processes leading to brittle‐like material weakening and of a rate‐dependent plastic model to account for ductile material behavior. Our formulation additionally considers the role of porosity and its evolution during loading in controlling the volumetric mechanical response of a stressed rock. By means of dedicated applications, we discuss how our damage poro‐visco‐elasto‐viscoplastic rheology can effectively reconcile the style of localized deformation under different confining pressure conditions as well as the bulk macroscopic material response as recorded by laboratory experiments under full triaxial conditions.
The Generation of Nonlinear Internal Waves in the South China Sea: A Three‐Dimensional, Nonhydrostatic Numerical Study
Authors: Lai Zhigang , Jin Guangzhen , Huang Yongmao , Chen Haiyun , Shang Xiaodong , Xiong Xuejun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe generation of nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) by stratified tidal flow over an isolated topography has been a subject of research for many years. However, the enhanced complexity of the dynamics as a consequence of flow over two topographical features has been less studied and understood. Here, we report results of the generation of type‐A and type‐B NLIWs in the South China Sea that originate from a double‐ridge system. Based on a realistic three‐dimensional nonhydrostatic simulation, it is found that type‐A NLIWs are generated at the western ridge through the mechanism of internal tide release, while the generation of type‐B NLIWs occurs at the eastern ridge as a consequence of internal wave interaction. Associated with the ridge height, separation distance, and modulated tidal forcing, the generation of type‐B NLIWs is strongly modified by the resonant process between the two ridges. As a result, type‐A and type‐B NLIWs appear in the observations with alternating large and small amplitudes. In addition, with a detailed knowledge of the generation, it is also found that the different arrival time of these waves could be due to their different generation times. Finally, the reflection/transmission of type‐B NLIWs at the subcritical western ridge is suggested as a key feature of resonance. However, it is governed by hydraulically controlled flow instead of the ratio of the local topographic slope to the internal wave beam angle.