bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXIV-29 Influence of prerequisite courses on performance of students in an animal nutrition course: A one-year summary
Authors: Smith William B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Anecdotes abound in departmental curriculum committees surrounding the purpose and necessity of prerequisite courses for major subjects. Some believe that a student should have as much exposure as possible to subject matter prior to attempting to gain a full understanding of the material. Others believe that prerequisite courses put an undue burden on students to take excessive coursework and that most of the students’ needs can be provided in a single course. The objective of this study was to ascertain the influence of prerequisite courses in animal science, biology, and chemistry on performance of students in an undergraduate animal science course. In the spring semester of 2019, students taking the animal nutrition course at Tarleton State University were enrolled in the experiment. On the second day of class, students were given a comprehensive exam resembling a final examination to assess knowledge on entry to the course. Subsequently, students completed an online survey to record demographics and educational background in relevant courses. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED and PROC CORR of SAS v. 9.4. Females had an average score of 39 and males had an average score of 35 on the pre-test, but these numbers were statistically similar (P = 0.16). Student scores on the pre-tests were positively correlated the number of biology (r = 0.52; P &lt; 0.01) and chemistry (r = 0.46; P &lt; 0.01) courses taken, but showed no association (r = 0.14; P = 0.37) with the number of previous animal science courses. Similarly, the number of previously taken biology and chemistry courses were positively correlated (r = 0.70; P &lt; 0.01). Results are interpreted to mean that prior experience in biology and chemistry, but not animal science, are major factors for student performance in animal nutrition and should be considered for prerequisite courses.
Size and sex bias in air-exposure behavior during low tide of the intertidal hermit crab Clibanarius virescens (Krauss, 1843) (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae)
Authors: Yoshikawa Akihiro , Goto Ryutaro , Yasuda Chiaki I , Asakura Akira 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Many species of the hermit crab Clibanarius (Diogenidae) live on rocky shores of tropical and warm temperate regions. Some of these species are known to climb out from tidal pools onto rock surfaces exposed to air during low tide. The ecological significance of this behavior, however, remains unclear. We investigated the differences between air-exposed and non-air-exposed Clibanarius virescens (Krauss, 1843) in relation to their body size, sex, and infestation by three species of parasitic bopyrid isopods. Our generalized additive model (GAM) analyses showed a significant effect of the “smoothing factor” of the interaction between body size and sex for the occurrences of the “air-exposure behavior.” The presence of the ectoparasitic isopods did not affect the air-exposure behavior. Females of C. virescens showed a more distinct trend than in males, whereas air-exposure in both sexes had a peak in approximately 3.0–4.0 mm shield size (comparatively larger size in females, and middle-size in males) and decreased after this size range. Intraspecific and/or interspecific competition for shells may be intense in hermit crabs of this size range because of size overlap, and the individuals that carry suitable shells may avoid such competition by actively escaping from tide pools at low tide.
Awake Craniotomy and Memory Induction Through Electrical Stimulation: Why Are Penfield's Findings Not Replicated in the Modern Era?
Authors: Curot Jonathan , Roux Franck-Emmanuel , Sol Jean-Christophe , Valton Luc , Pariente Jéremie , Barbeau Emmanuel J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
From the 1930s through the early 1960s, Wilder Penfield
12
collected a large number of memories induced by electrical brain stimulation (EBS) during awake craniotomy. As a result, he was a major contributor to several neuroscientific and neuropsychological concepts of long-term memory. His 1963 paper, which recorded all the cases of memories he induced in his operating room, remains a substantial point of reference in neuroscience in 2019, although some of his interpretations are now debatable.
However, it is highly surprising that, since Penfield's
12
reports, there has been no other surgical publication on memories induced during awake surgery. In this review, we explore this phenomenon and analyze some of the reasons that might explain it. We hypothesize that the main reasons for lack of subsequent reports are related to changes in operative procedures (ie, use of anesthetics, time constraints, and insufficient debriefings) and changes in EBS parameters, rather than to the sites that are stimulated, the pathology treated, or the tasks used. If reminiscences are still induced, they should be reported in detail to add valuable contributions to the understanding of long-term memory networks, especially memories that are difficult to reproduce in the laboratory, such as autobiographical memories.
Transesophageal Echocardiography-Guided Ventriculoatrial Shunt Insertion
Authors: Isaacs Albert McAnsah , Krahn Danae , Walker Andrew M , Hurdle Heather , Hamilton Mark G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Determining an optimal location within the right atrium (RA) for placement of the distal ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt catheter offer several operative challenges that place patients at risk for perioperative complications and downstream VA shunt failure. Utilizing transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance to place distal VA shunt catheters may help to circumvent these risks.

OBJECTIVE
To review our current practice of VA shunt insertion using TEE guidance.

METHODS
A retrospective review of all consecutive patients who underwent VA shunt procedures between December 19, 2016 and January 22, 2019, during which time intraoperative TEE was used for shunt placement was performed. Data on the time required for shunt placement and total procedure time, baseline echocardiography findings, and short- and long-term complications of shunt placement were assessed.

RESULTS
A total of 33 patients underwent VA shunt procedures, with a median follow-up time of 250 (88-412) d. The only immediate complication related to shunt placement or TEE use was transient ectopy in 1 patient. The mean time for atrial catheter insertion was 12.6 ± 4.8 min. Right-heart catheters were inserted between the RA-superior vena cava junction and 22 mm within the RA in all but 3 procedures. A total of 7/33 patients (21%) underwent shunt revision. Indications for revisions included distal clots, proximal obstruction, positive blood culture, and shunt valve revision. No other complications of VA shunt insertion were reported.

CONCLUSION
VA shunt insertion using TEE allows for precise distal catheter placement. Early patient experience confirms this technique has a low complication rate.
Microsurgical Resection of the IV Ventricle Subependymoma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Pojskić Mirza , Nguyen Vincent N , Boop Frederick A , Arnautović Kenan I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this video, we demonstrate microsurgical resection of IV ventricle subependymoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first video case report of a microsurgical resection of subependymoma of the IV ventricle in the peer-reviewed English literature.
Subependymomas are benign central nervous system tumors, typically arising in ventricular spaces, mostly in the IV and lateral ventricles.
1-3
They are isointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with minimal or no enhancement.
4
Microsurgery remains the mainstay treatment. Complete tumor resection is possible and curative with excellent prognosis.
1,5-7
Although the clinical course appears benign, the inability to diagnose them radiographically with certainty and the possibility of an alternative malignant lesion support a low threshold for early and safe resection.
8

A 39-yr-old man presented with severe headache and balance problems. Pre- and postcontrast neuroaxis MRI revealed a centrally located IV ventricle lesion without hydrocephalus. The aim of the surgery was complete tumor resection. Surgery was performed in the prone position by the senior author (KIA) with intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring. A small suboccipital craniotomy and C1 posterior arch removal was done. After opening the dura and arachnoid membrane, the tumor was identified and meticulously dissected from the adjacent posterior inferior cerebellar artery and the floor of the fourth ventricle and from brain stem white matter at the tumor-neural tissue interface to avoid brainstem interference. Histological analysis revealed subependymoma (World Health Organization Grade I). Postoperative pre- and postcontrast MRI revealed complete resection. Headache and balance problems completely resolved; the patient was neurologically intact.
The patient provided written consent and permission to publish his image.
BOGOMOLOV MULTIPLIERS OF P-GROUPS OF MAXIMAL CLASS
Authors: FernÁndez-Alcober Gustavo A , Jezernik Urban 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLet $G$ be a $p$-group of maximal class and order $p^n$. We determine whether or not the Bogomolov multiplier ${\operatorname{B}}_0(G)$ is trivial in terms of the lower central series of $G$ and $P_1 = C_G(\gamma _2(G) / \gamma _4(G))$. If in addition $G$ has positive degree of commutativity and $P_1$ is metabelian, we show how understanding ${\operatorname{B}}_0(G)$ reduces to the simpler commutator structure of $P_1$. This result covers all $p$-groups of maximal class of large-enough order, and, furthermore, it allows us to give the first natural family of $p$-groups containing an abundance of groups with non-trivial Bogomolov multipliers. We also provide more general results on Bogomolov multipliers of $p$-groups of arbitrary coclass $r$.
Community-based prevention of epidemic Rocky Mountain spotted fever among minority populations in Sonora, Mexico, using a One Health approach
Authors: Alvarez-Hernandez Gerardo , Drexler Naomi , Paddock Christopher D , Licona-Enriquez Jesus D , la Mora Jesus Delgado-de , Straily Anne , del Carmen Candia-Plata Maria , Cruz-Loustaunau Denica I , Arteaga-Cardenas Vanessa A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a significant public health problem in Sonora, Mexico, resulting in thousands of cases and hundreds of deaths. Outbreaks of RMSF are perpetuated by heavy brown dog tick infestations in and around homes. During 2009–2015, there were 61 RMSF cases and 23 deaths in a single community of Sonora (Community A).

Methods
An integrated intervention was carried out from March–November 2016 aimed at reducing tick populations with long-acting acaricidal collars on dogs, environmental acaricides applied to peri-domestic areas and RMSF education. Tick levels were measured by inspection of community dogs to monitor efficacy of the intervention. A similar neighborhood (Community B) was selected for comparison and received standard care (acaricide treatment and education).

Results
The prevalence of tick-infested dogs in Community A declined from 32.5% to 8.8% (p&lt;0.01). No new cases of RMSF were identified in this area during the subsequent 18 mo. By comparison, the percentage of tick-infested dogs in Community B decreased from 19% to 13.4% (p=0.36) and two cases were reported, including one death.

Conclusions
Community-based interventions using an integrated approach to control brown dog ticks can diminish the morbidity and mortality attributable to RMSF.
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxocariasis among nomads in Boyer-Ahmad County, southwest Iran
Authors: Arefkhah Nasir , Shadzi Mohammad Reza , Mikaeili Fattaneh , Sarkari Bahador , Esfandiari Farideh , Goudarzi Fatemeh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Human toxocariasis is caused by the larval stage of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence and the risk factors associated with Toxocara infection in nomads of Boyer-Ahmad County in the southwest of Iran.

Methods
A total of 968 blood samples were collected from nomads. A structured questionnaire, containing sociodemographic data, was completed for each participant. Sera were evaluated for anti-Toxocara antibodies, using the T. canis excretory-secretory antigens prepared from the second stage larvae, in an ELISA system.

Results
Among the 968 participants, 220 (22.7%) were males and 748 (77.3%) were females; the mean age was 40.71 y. Anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies were detected in 14 (1.4%) of the 968 nomads. The association between Toxocara infection and gender, age, contact with dogs, residential area and level of education were not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05).

Conclusions
The findings of the study revealed a low prevalence rate of toxocariasis in nomadic communities in southwest Iran. Geographic location and climatic conditions as well as the lifestyle and sociodemographic features of the participants may contribute to the low prevalence rate of Toxocara infection.
Serological assays for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Kalantari Narges , Chehrazi Mohammad , Ghaffari Salman , Gorgani-Firouzjaee Tahmineh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The standard method for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis, stool examinations, is inconvenient and, therefore, serological methods have been proposed. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of serological assays for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis using a systematic review and meta-analysis model.
Four electronic databases were reviewed. We used a random effects model and 95% CIs to determine the overall sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Heterogeneity was intended with Cochran Q χ2 test and I2 statistic.
The accuracy of serological assays resulted in a sensitivity of 71.7% (95% CI: 56.07 to 83.4%), a specificity of 89.9% (95% CI: 80.8 to 94.9%) and a DOR of 22.5 (95% CI: 10.8 to 46.9). The forest plot showed high heterogeneity regarding sensitivity (I2=90.4%, 95% CI: 87.4 to 93.3%; Q=228.1, p=0.000) and specificity (I2=98.9%, 95% CI: 98.8 to 99.1%; Q=2066.4, p=0.000). Fagan's nomogram showed that the probability of someone having the infection and with a positive test result was 49%. Deeks' funnel plots showed no evidence of potential publication bias for the studies (p=0.26).
The current review suggests that serological techniques have acceptable sensitivity and specificity and therefore can be recommended for the screening of S. stercoralis infection.
IL‐18R‐dependent and independent pathways account for IL‐18‐enhanced antitumor ability of CAR‐T cells
Authors: Huang Yong , Li Dan , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Liu Mei , Liang Xiao , Yang Xiao , Jiang Lin , Zhang Li‐Feng , Zhou Wei‐Lin , Su Jin‐Hua , Gong You‐Ling , Gou Hong‐Feng , Wei Yu‐Quan , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInterleukin‐18 (IL‐18) has been demonstrated to augment the antitumor capacity of chimeric antigen receptor‐T cells (CAR‐T) but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we explored the effects and mechanisms of exogenous IL‐18 on the antitumor response of CAR‐T cells. IL‐18 boosted the cytotoxicity of human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2)‐specific CAR‐T cells ex vivo and enhanced the antitumor efficacy of the CAR‐T cells in immunodeficient mice, moreover, IL‐18 improved the antitumor capacity of OVA‐specific T cells in immunocompetent mice, indicating the universal enhancing function of IL‐18 for adoptive cell therapy. To address the roles of IL‐18 receptor (IL‐18R) in the enhancing function, we evaluated the effects of IL‐18R knockout (IL‐18R−/−) condition in immunocompetent host and CAR‐T cells on the IL‐18‐enhanced antitumor activities. Interestingly, IL‐18 persisted to improve the antitumor ability of IL‐18R intact CAR‐T cells in IL‐18R−/− mice. For IL‐18R−/− CAR‐T cells, however, IL‐18 still holds the enhancing ability to boost the antitumor efficacy in IL‐18R−/− mice, albeit the ex vivo tumor‐killing ability was lower than that of IL‐18R intact CAR‐T cells, indicating that IL‐18R‐independent pathway is involved in the enhancement. Furthermore, tagged IL‐18 binded to the membrane of IL‐18R−/− splenic and lymph node cells and IL‐18R intact and IL‐18R−/− CAR‐T cells showed distinct transcriptomic profiles when stimulated by IL-18. These data demonstrate that IL‐18R‐independent pathways contribute to functions of IL‐18.
Icariin and its phosphorylated derivatives alleviate intestinal epithelial barrier disruption caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli through modulate p38 MAPK in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Xiong Wen , Huang Jing , Li Xueying , Zhang Zhu , Jin Meilan , Wang Jian , Xu Yuwei , Wang Zili 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe natural product icariin (ICA) and its phosphorylated derivatives (pICA) have been shown to have outstanding anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was to explore the protective effects of ICA and pICA on the intestinal epithelium of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)‐induced piglet diarrhea and its underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. ETEC K88 increased pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, activated oxidative stress and inhibited antioxidant enzyme activity, induced phosphorylated p38 MAPK gene and protein expression, disrupted intestinal barrier function, and led to diarrhea in piglets. Pretreatment with ICA and pICA effectively alleviated ETEC‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Pretreatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) significantly rescued the IPEC‐J2 cells barrier function damaged by ETEC challenge. However, pretreatment with p38 MAPK activator (anisomycin) did not alleviated the IPEC‐J2 cells barrier function damaged by ETEC challenge. Our data demonstrated that ICA and pICA regulate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress of intestinal epithelial cells by inhibiting the expression of p38 MAPK, thereby alleviating ETEC K88‐induced disruption of intestinal barrier function and intestinal permeability. These findings provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by ETEC K88.
Local nucleosome dynamics and eviction following a double-strand break are reversible by NHEJ-mediated repair in the absence of DNA replication
Authors: Tripuraneni Vinay , Memisoglu Gonen , Zhu Wei , Tran Trung , Hartemink Alexander J , Haber James E , MacAlpine David M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough the molecular events required for the repair of double-strand breaks (DSB) have been well characterized, the role of epigenetic processes in the recognition and repair of DSBs has only been investigated at low resolution. We rapidly and synchronously induced a site-specific DSB inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeupstream of thePHO5locus, which has well-positioned nucleosomes. Utilizing MNase-seq epigenome mapping we interrogated the order of chromatin changes that occur immediately following a DSB by generating a base-pair resolution map of the chromatin landscape. In wild type cells, the first nucleosome left of the break was rapidly evicted. The eviction of this flanking nucleosome was dynamic and proceeded through an early intermediate chromatin structure where the nucleosome was repositioned in the adjacent linker DNA. Other nucleosomes bordering both sides of the break were also shifted away from the break; however, their loss was more gradual. These local changes preceded a broader loss of chromatin organization and nucleosome eviction that was marked by increased MNase sensitivity in the regions ∼8 kb on each side of the break. While the broad loss of chromatin organization was dependent on the end-processing complex, Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 (MRX), the early remodeling and repositioning of the nucleosome adjacent to the break was independent of the MRX and YKU70/80 complexes. We also examined the temporal dynamics of NHEJ-mediated repair in a G1-arrested population, where 5’ to 3’ end-resection of DSB ends is blocked. Concomitant with DSB repair, we observed the re-deposition and precise re-positioning of nucleosomes at the originally-occupied positions. This re-establishment of the pre-lesion chromatin landscape suggests that a DNA replication-independent mechanism exists in G1 cells to preserve epigenome organization following DSB repair.
HIV-DRLink: A tool for detecting linked HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in next generation sequencing data
Authors: Shao Wei , Boltz Valerie F. , Hattori Junko , Bale Michael J. , Maldarelli Frank , Coffin John M. , Kearney Mary F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance is increasing worldwide and monitoring its emergence is important for the successful management of populations receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Using Ultrasensitive Single-Genome Sequencing (uSGS), a next-generation method that avoids PCR bias and PCR recombination, a recent report showed that pre-existing dual-class drug resistance mutations linked on the same viral genomes were predictive of treatment failure while unlinked mutations were not. Because of the large numbers of sequences generated by uSGS and other next-generation sequencing methods, it is difficult to assess each sequence individually for linked resistance mutations. Several software/programs exist to report the frequencies of individual mutations in large datasets but they provide no information on their linkage. Here, we report the HIV-DRLink program, a research tool that provides mutation frequencies in the total dataset as well as their linkage to other mutations conferring resistance to the same or different drug classes. The HIV-DRLink program should only be used on datasets generated by methods that eliminate artifacts due to PCR recombination, for example, standard Single-Genome Sequencing (SGS) or Ultrasensitive Single-Genome Sequencing (uSGS). HIV-DRLink is exclusively a research tool and is not intended to inform clinical decisions.