bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Mining—a Holistic Approach
Authors: Kretschmann Jürgen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe European climate and energy framework for 2030 is highlighting the reduction of man-made CO2 by increasing the use of renewable energy to mitigate climate change. In this spirit, Germany has decided to erase the coal use as an energy source by 2038 completely. Inevitably, this strategy promises a feasible, responsible, and sustainable post-mining management, because 200 years of coal mining have created numerous challenges necessary to tend to once the mining ends. Thus, the Research Institute for Post-Mining (FZN) at the TH Georg Agricola University in Bochum, Germany, has developed a holistic approach to meet these post-mining challenges including further expertise present at our university. Here, the four strategic research pillars are (1) technical geoecology and hydrogeology to avoid and mitigate risks underground, (2) geomonitoring to evaluate and protect the surface, (3) industrial heritage preservation and engineering to secure and reuse brownfields such as mine sites, and (4) economic transformation planning of mining regions to enable a prosper future for generations to come. In all efforts, we aim to achieve the fundamental goals of the UN to deal with the resources of our planet responsibly and sustainably. Furthermore, we are synergizing increasingly with national and international networks in the interest of social, economic, and environmental stakeholders.
La délibération démocratique à l’Assemblée athénienne: Procédures et stratégies de légitimation
Authors: Canevaro Mirko 
Published: July 2020

RésumésCet article étudie la nature proprement délibérative de la démocratie athénienne. De nombreux travaux se sont intéressés à la cité antique d’Athènes en tant qu’exemple plus ou moins réussi de démocratie participative, en soulignant l’importance de la délibération collective dans son système politique. Partant de cette hypothèse, l’article tente d’abord de déterminer si les Athéniens ont réellement recherché et mis en œuvre, à travers leurs institutions, l’idéal délibératif et la recherche du consensus ; il s’interroge également sur la compatibilité de ces derniers avec les idéaux modernes de démocratie délibérative prônés par les théoriciens politiques contemporains. Après avoir dressé un panorama des études sur la démocratie délibérative et participative, l’article examine les similitudes trompeuses qui peuvent exister entre le modèle plébiscitaire actuel et la démocratie directe athénienne à laquelle il est souvent comparé. Il s’attache ensuite au dispositif institutionnel délibératif dans lequel s’inscrit la prise de décision politique à Athènes, en se concentrant sur le fonctionnement concret de l’Assemblée et sur les idées que les orateurs et le public y défendaient explicitement, à travers leur comportement. Cette analyse se fonde en particulier sur la relecture attentive des récits d’Assemblée et sur les considérations normatives que l’on trouve chez les orateurs (en particulier dans lesProloguesde Démosthène). Enfin, l’article analyse un cas de débat prolongé au sein de l’Assemblée – celui sur l’expédition de Sicile – pour démontrer que la prise de décision s’est efforcée d’accomplir l’idéal délibératif afin de lui donner toute sa légitimité – que cette délibération démocratique ait abouti, ou non, à un choix politique judicieux.
Une autre histoire de la civilisation: Comment Rifāʿa al-Ṭahṭāwī repensa l’histoire de l’Égypte dans les années 1860
Authors: Soler Renaud 
Published: July 2020

RésumésL’historiographie en arabe duxixesiècle a souvent été abordée au prisme du rapport à la modernité et au nationalisme, c’est-à-dire selon la perspective téléologique induite par les procès de constructions étatiques auxxesiècle. Cet article propose de relire l’œuvre du grand historien Rifāʿa Rafīʿal-Ṭahṭāwī (1801-1873) en la situant dans son moment historique – un moment où l’Égypte est encore un État dynastique lié à l’Empire ottoman, où les historiens travaillent à l’intérieur de l’édifice des sciences religieuses et de l’historiographie islamiques, et où la modernité occidentale s’incarne dans le régime de la monarchie de Juillet et l’histoire de François Guizot et de Edward Gibbon. C’est dans ce complexe de discours et de pratiques qu’il faut comprendre l’œuvre historique d’al-Ṭahṭāwī. On peut alors retrouver la polyphonie des attachements nationaux du cheikh et historien, qui s’inscrivent plus largement dans une conception renouvelée de la tradition – et donc de son revers, la modernité –, mais qui participe aussi d’une mise en tension sensible de la conception de la temporalité historique propre à l’historiographie arabe moderne avec celle de l’histoire produite par l’historiographie de la fin duxviiiesiècle et par l’histoire romantique bourgeoise en Europe.
On Predicting Recidivism: Epistemic Risk, Tradeoffs, and Values in Machine Learning
Authors: Biddle Justin B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent scholarship in philosophy of science and technology has shown that scientific and technological decision making are laden with values, including values of a social, political, and/or ethical character. This paper examines the role of value judgments in the design of machine-learning (ML) systems generally and in recidivism-prediction algorithms specifically. Drawing on work on inductive and epistemic risk, the paper argues that ML systems are value laden in ways similar to human decision making, because the development and design of ML systems requires human decisions that involve tradeoffs that reflect values. In many cases, these decisions have significant—and, in some cases, disparate—downstream impacts on human lives. After examining an influential court decision regarding the use of proprietary recidivism-prediction algorithms in criminal sentencing,Wisconsin v. Loomis, the paper provides three recommendations for the use of ML in penal systems.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Best Papers, International Competition of Young Criminologists
Authors: Teixeira Marco , Kopp Bianca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn international competition for best papers authored by young criminologists for presentation at the XIX World Congress of Criminology was held in 2019 sponsored by the Education for Justice initiative of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the International Society of Criminology. This preface addresses the priorities and objectives of the Education for Justice initiative and places the competition within that framework.
Paleobiogeography, paleoecology, diversity, and speciation patterns in the Eublastoidea (Blastozoa: Echinodermata)
Authors: Bauer Jennifer E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the distribution of taxa in space and time is key to understanding diversity dynamics. The fossil record provides an avenue to assess these patterns on vast timescales and through major global changes. The Eublastoidea were a conservatively plated Paleozoic echinoderm clade that range from the middle Silurian to the end-Permian. The geographic distribution of the eublastoids, as a whole, has been qualitatively assessed but has historically lacked a quantitative analysis. This is the first examination of the Eublastoidea using probabilistic methods within the R package BioGeoBEARS to assess macroevolutionary trends. Results provide an updated understanding of eublastoid diversity with new peaks and troughs in diversity through their evolutionary history. Lithology is examined in an evolutionary framework and does not have clear evolutionary trends, and there is much work to be done regarding environmental preferences. Biogeographic patterns do not recover precise group origins but do support the previous work that outlines Eublastoidea as a Laurentian clade. Sympatric speciation events dominant the clade's history but are likely exaggerated due to the highly combined areas. Vicariance events are rare and restricted to the Silurian and Devonian, and dispersal events are more common throughout the evolutionary history. Pathways allowing for lineage migrations are noted between southern Laurussia and China in the Devonian and Carboniferous and southern Laurussia and eastern Gondwana in the Carboniferous. Future work will include the addition of more non-Laurentian species into the estimated phylogeny to better estimate these global patterns.
Sensitivity and reliability of zinc transporter and metallothionein gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells as indicators of zinc status: responses toex vivozinc exposure and habitual zinc intake in humans
Authors: Hennigar Stephen R. , Kelley Alyssa M. , Anderson Bradley J. , Armstrong Nicholes J. , McClung Holly L. , Berryman Claire E. , Karl J. Philip , McClung James P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractZn is an essential nutrient for humans; however, a sensitive biomarker to assess Zn status has not been identified. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability and sensitivity of Zn transporter and metallothionein (MT) genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to Zn exposureex vivoand to habitual Zn intake in human subjects. In study 1, human PBMCs were cultured for 24 h with 0–50 µmZnSO4with or without 5 µmN,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), and mRNA expression ofSLC30A1-10,SLC39A1-14,MT1subtypes (A,B,E,F,G,H,L,MandX),MT2A,MT3andMT4mRNA was determined. In study 2, fifty-four healthy male and female volunteers (31·9 (sd13·8) years, BMI 25·7 (sd2·9) kg/m2) completed a FFQ, blood was collected, PBMCs were isolated and mRNA expression of selected Zn transporters and MT isoforms was determined. Study 1:MT1E,MT1F,MT1G,MT1H,MT1L,MT1M,MT1X,MT2AandSLC30A1increased with increasing concentrations of Zn and declined with the addition of TPEN. Study 2: Average daily Zn intake was 16·0 (sd5·3) mg/d (range: 9–31 mg/d), and plasma Zn concentrations were 15·5 (SD2·8) μmol/l (range 11–23 μmol/l). PBMCMT2Awas positively correlated with dietary Zn intake (r0·306,P= 0·03) and total Zn intake (r0·382,P< 0·01), whereas plasma Zn was not (P> 0·05 for both). Findings suggest thatMT2AmRNA in PBMCs reflects dietary Zn intake in healthy adults and may be a component in determining Zn status.
Social capital, built environment and mental health: a comparison between the local elderly people and the ‘laopiao’ in urban China
Authors: Tang Shuangshuang , Lee Harry F. , Feng Jianxi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn rapidly urbanising China, a high number of elderly people, the so-called ‘laopiao’, float to cities where their sons or daughters live to look after their children and grandchildren.Laopiaoin urban China are thought to suffer poor mental health owing to their floating status. This study explores the inter-relationship among social capital, the built environment and mental health in urban China. Using a recent survey conducted in Nanjing (N = 591), structural equation modelling was performed to compare the local elderly people and thelaopiao. Results showed that mental health determinants are dissimilar between the two groups of elderly people. Bonding social capital promotes mental health in both groups, while bridging and linking social capital only contributes to the mental health of thelaopiao. Also, access to public transportation is positively correlated with mental health in both groups. Furthermore, lower street network density and better access to parks enhance the mental health of the local elderly people, while higher street network density and more open space within a community enhance the mental health of thelaopiao. Our findings suggest that different policy measures should be implemented for different groups of elderly people in urban China to improve their mental health.
Supportive care for older people with dementia: socio-organisational implications
Authors: Miele Francesco , Neresini Federico , Boniolo Giovanni , Paccagnella Omar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor many years, dementia care has been dominated by the standard medical approach, in which dementia is treated mainly with drugs, such as anti-anxiety, antidepressant and anti-psychotic medications. With the aim of seeking effective treatments for patients with dementia, over the last years, several contributions have criticised the pervasive use of drugs for the management of behavioural and physiological symptoms related to dementia, proposing personalised interventions aimed at supporting patients and their relatives from diagnosis until death. With particular reference to long-term settings, in this work, we aim at understanding the organisational implications of three types of interventions (labelled supportive care interventions – SCIs) that have characterised this shift in dementia care: person-centred, palliative and multi-disciplinary care. Conducted by following the integrative review method, our review underlines how SCIs have controversial consequences on the quality of care, the care-givers’ quality of life and cultural backgrounds. After an in-depth analysis of selected papers, we offer some considerations about the implications of SCIs for long-term care organisations and future research directions.
THE BODY OF HIERARCHY: HAND GESTURES ON CLASSIC MAYA CERAMICS AND THEIR SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Bishop Anna , Cartmill Erica A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClassic Maya (a.d.250–900) art is filled with expressive figures in a variety of highly stylized poses and postures. These poses are so specific that they appear to be intentionally communicative, yet their meanings remain elusive. A few studies have scratched the surface of this issue, suggesting that a correlation exists between body language and social roles in Maya art. The present study examines whether one type of body language (hand gestures) in Classic Maya art represents and reflects elements of social structure. This analysis uses a coding approach derived from studies of hand gesture in conversation to apply an interactional approach to a static medium, thereby broadening the methods used to analyze gesture in ancient art. Statistics are used to evaluate patterns of gesture use in palace scenes across 289 figures on 94 different vases, with results indicating that the form and angling of gestures are related to social hierarchy. Furthermore, this study considers not just the individual status of each figure, but the interaction between figures. The results not only shed light on how gesture was depicted in Maya art, but also demonstrate how figural representation reflects social structure.
Dynamic alterations in H4K12 acetylation during meiotic maturation and after parthenogenetic activation of mouse oocytes
Authors: Zhang Ze , Chen Baobao , Cui Haoliang , Gao Haixu , Gao Ming , Tao Chenyu 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe aim of the study was to investigate the continuous changing pattern of H4K12 acetylation, and the expression levels of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetyltransferases (HDACs) in mouse oocytes during meiosis and after parthenogenetic activation (PA). The immunofluorescence results showed hyperacetylation of lysine-12 on histone H4 (H4K12) in the germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes that then decreased during germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and disappeared in metaphase II (MII). However, it reappeared in the early 1-cell embryos derived after 4 h of PA. The expression levels of some selected HATs and HDACs also validated the changing pattern of H4K12 acetylation during meiosis and PA. In conclusion, H4K12 is deacetylated in GVBD and MII, and re-hyperacetylated after PA.
Levosimendan as a bridge to heart transplant in a 16-year-old patient with univentricular heart
Authors: Mazurak Magdalena , Cześniewicz Paweł , Kusa Jacek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report the successful use of levosimendan in the treatment of heart failure in a patient with the univentricular heart. The presented case was atypical because our patient had systemic right ventricle. To our knowledge, it is the first reported such case with intermittent levosimendan administration as an effective treatment and bridge to successful heart transplant in a patient with functionally univentricular heart.
In Situ Observations of Neutral Shear Instability in the Statically Stable High‐Latitude Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere During Quiet Geomagnetic Conditions
Authors: Mesquita Rafael L. A. , Larsen Miguel F. , Azeem Irfan , Stevens Michael H. , Williams Bifford P. , Collins Richard L. , Li Jintai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThough the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) has been extensively observed in the mesosphere, where breaking gravity waves produce the conditions required for instability, little has been done to describe quantitatively this phenomenon in detail in the mesopause and lower thermosphere, which are associated with the long‐lived shears at the base of this statically stable region. Using trimethylaluminum (TMA) released from two sounding rockets launched on 26 January 2018, from Poker Flat Research Range in Alaska, the KHI was observed in great detail above 100 km. Two sets of rocket measurements, made 30 min apart, show strong winds (predominantly meridional and up to 150 ms−1) and large total shears (90 ms−1 km−1). The geomagnetic activity was low in the hours before the launches, confirming that the enhanced shears that triggered the KHI are not a result of the E‐region auroral jets. The four‐dimensional (three‐dimensional plus time) estimation of KHI billow features resulted in a wavelength, eddy diameter, and vertical length scale of 9.8, 5.2, and 3.8 km, respectively, centered at 102‐km altitude. The vertical and horizontal root‐mean‐square velocities measured 29.2 and 42.5 ms−1, respectively. Although the wind structure persisted, the KHI structure changed significantly with time over the interval separating the two launches, being present only in the first launch. The rapid dispersal of the TMA cloud in the instability region was evidence of enhanced turbulent mixing. The analysis of the Reynolds and Froude numbers (Re = 7.2 × 103 and Fr = 0.29, respectively) illustrates the presence of turbulence and weak stratification of the flow.
The Initiation and Organization of a Severe Hail‐Producing Mesoscale Convective System in East China: A Numerical Study
Authors: Luo Liping , Xue Ming , Zhu Kefeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe initiation and organization of a long‐duration hail‐producing mesoscale convective system (MCS) in eastern China are investigated using convection‐allowing simulations at 3‐km grid spacing with the Advanced Regional Prediction System. The lifecycle of this MCS is characterized by two stages. In the first stage, a series of convective storms are initiated along the northwest border of Jiangsu Provinces. These storms organize into a northwest southeast line as they moved southeastward, eventually organizing into an eastward moving bow‐echo structure during the second stage. Our analyses show that the storms initiate along a northwest‐southeast oriented convergence boundary set up between two low‐level mesoscale vortices, one to the northwest of Jiangsu Province and one over the East China Sea. Comparisons between the fake‐dry and control simulations show that the rearward (westward) spreading of a cold pool from another MCS proceeding the hail‐producing MCS plays a key role in generating and enhancing the vortex over Eastern China Sea. The tilting of baroclinically generated horizontal vorticity along the edge of the cold outflow creates a cyclonic and anticyclonic vortex couplet. The cyclonic vortex becomes the dominant East China Sea vortex as it is superposed onto the background cyclonic circulation. This cold outflow‐induced vortex also has strong impacts on the later organization of the hail‐producing MCS, leading to the eventual establishment of a bow‐echo structure. Finally, a three‐stage conceptual model for the initiation and organization of the long‐lasting multicellular MCS is proposed, and the understanding on the complex interactions between two MCSs will be helpful to operational forecasters.
Tim-4 functions as a scavenger receptor for phagocytosis of exogenous particles
Authors: Min Chanhyuk , Park Jeongjun , Kim Gayoung , Moon Hyunji , Lee Sang-Ah , Kim Deokhwan , Moon Byeongjin , Yang Susumin , Lee Juyeon , Kim Kwanhyeong , Cho Hyeokjin , Park Jihwan , Lee Dae-Hee , Lee Gwangrog , Park Daeho 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe phosphatidylserine (PS) receptor Tim-4 mediates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by binding to PS exposed on the surface of these cells, and thus functions as a PS receptor for apoptotic cells. Some of PS receptors are capable of recognizing other molecules, such as LPS on bacteria, besides PS on apoptotic cells. However, it is unclear whether Tim-4 perceives other molecules like the PS receptors. Here, we report that Tim-4 facilitates the phagocytosis of exogenous particles as well as apoptotic cells. Similar to the process that occurs during Tim-4-mediated efferocytosis, the uptake of exogenous E. coli and S. aureus bioparticles was promoted by overexpression of Tim-4 on phagocytes, whereas phagocytosis of the bioparticles was reduced in Tim-4-deficient cells. A truncation mutant of Tim-4 lacking the cytoplasmic tail promoted phagocytosis of the particles, but a mutant lacking the IgV or the mucin domain failed to enhance phagocytosis. However, expression of Tim-4AAA (a mutant form of Tim-4 that does not bind phosphatidylserine and does not promote efferocytosis) still promoted phagocytosis. Tim-4-mediated phagocytosis was not blocked by expression of the phosphatidylserine-binding protein Anxa5. Furthermore, binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, was higher in Tim-4-overexpressing cells than in Tim-4-deficient cells. In summary, our study suggests that Tim-4 acts as a scavenger receptor and mediates phagocytosis of exogenous particles in a phosphatidylserine-independent manner.
p53 isoform Δ113p53 promotes zebrafish heart regeneration by maintaining redox homeostasis
Authors: Ye Shengfan , Zhao Ting , Zhang Wei , Tang Zimu , Gao Ce , Ma Zhipeng , Xiong Jing-Wei , Peng Jinrong , Tan Wei-Qiang , Chen Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeonatal mice and adult zebrafish can fully regenerate their hearts through proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Previous studies have revealed that p53 signalling is activated during cardiac regeneration in neonatal mice and that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated near the wound site acts as a novel signal to promote zebrafish heart regeneration. We recently demonstrated that the expression of the p53 isoform Δ133p53 is highly induced upon stimulation by low-level reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that Δ133p53 coordinates with full-length p53 to promote cell survival by enhancing the expression of antioxidant genes. However, the function of p53 signalling in heart regeneration remains uncharacterised. Here, we found that the expression of Δ113p53 is activated in cardiomyocytes at the resection site in the zebrafish heart in a full-length p53- and ROS signalling-dependent manner. Cell lineage tracing showed that Δ113p53-positive cardiomyocytes undergo cell proliferation and contribute to myocardial regeneration. More importantly, heart regeneration is impaired in Δ113p53M/M mutant zebrafish. Depletion of Δ113p53 significantly decreases the proliferation frequency of cardiomyocytes but has little effect on the activation of gata4-positive cells, their migration to the edge of the wound site, or apoptotic activity. Live imaging of intact hearts showed that induction of H2O2 at the resection site is significantly higher in Δ113p53M/M mutants than in wild-type zebrafish, which may be the result of reduced induction of antioxidant genes in Δ113p53M/M mutants. Our findings demonstrate that induction of Δ113p53 in cardiomyocytes at the resection site functions to promote heart regeneration by increasing the expression of antioxidant genes to maintain redox homeostasis.