bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of self‐repairing layer formed by oleic acid modified magnesium silicate hydroxide
Authors: Qin Yuan , Wang Libo , Yang Gang , Yang Yi , Wu Mingxia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSerpentine, whose main component is magnesium silicate hydroxide (MSH), has excellent friction properties. To explore the self‐repair mechanism of pure MSH under natural working conditions, MSH was synthesised by hydrothermal method and modified with oleic acid (OA). The optimal concentration of OA‐MSH was added to the air‐conditioning compressor simulator. The self‐repairing layers were studied by scanning electron microscope, Raman, and transmission electron microscope. The results show that OA‐MSH is well uniformly dispersed in lubricating oil and has significant anti‐friction performance. When the concentration is 1.0 wt%, the friction performance is best. The surface self‐repairing layer is composed of a 1.5 μm thick transition layer and a 20 nm amorphous carbon‐based film under the conditions of air‐conditioning compressors. There are dislocation cells, nanocrystals, and Mn2(Fe2+, Mg)5Si8O22(OH)2 in the transition layer. The formation mechanism of the self‐repairing layer on piston surface can be divided into three stages: nano‐crystallisation, mechanical alloying and lubricating oil crack deposition.
Adenosine Diphosphate and the P2Y13 Receptor Are Involved in the Autophagic Protection of Ex Vivo Perfused Livers From Fasted Rats: Potential Benefit for Liver Graft Preservation
Authors: Papegay Bérengère , Nuyens Vincent , Albert Adelin , Cherkaoui‐Malki Mustapha , Andreoletti Pierre , Leo Oberdan , Kruys Véronique , Boogaerts Jean G. , Vamecq Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Studies on how to protect livers perfused ex vivo can help design strategies for hepatoprotection and liver graft preservation. The protection of livers isolated from 24‐hour versus 18‐hour starved rats has been previously attributed to autophagy, which contributes to the energy‐mobilizing capacity ex vivo. Here, we explored the signaling pathways responsible for this protection. In our experimental models, 3 major signaling candidates were considered in view of their abilities to trigger autophagy: high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK), and purinergic receptor P2Y13. To this end, ex vivo livers isolated from starved rats were perfused for 135 minutes, after which perfusate samples were studied for protein release and biopsies were performed for evaluating signaling protein contents. For HMGB1, no significant difference was observed between livers isolated from rats starved for 18 and 24 hours at perfusion times of both 0 and 135 minutes. The phosphorylated and total forms of AMPK, but not their ratios, were significantly higher in 24‐hour fasted than in 18‐hour fasted livers. However, although the level of phosphorylated AMPK increased, perfusing ex vivo 18‐hour fasted livers with 1 mM 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide, an AMPK activator, did not protect the livers. In addition, the adenosine diphosphate (ADP; and not adenosine monophosphate [AMP]) to AMP + ADP + adenosine triphosphate ratio increased in the 24‐hour starved livers compared with that in the 18‐hour starved livers. Moreover, perfusing 24‐hour starved livers with 0.1 mM 2‐[(2‐chloro‐5‐nitrophenyl)azo]‐5‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐3‐[(phosphonooxy)methyl]‐4‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde (MRS2211), a specific antagonist of the P2Y13 receptor, induced an increase in cytolysis marker levels in the perfusate samples and a decrease in the levels of autophagic marker microtubule‐associated proteins 1 light chain 3 II (LC3II)/actin (and a loss of p62/actin decrease), indicating autophagy inhibition and a loss of protection. The P2Y13 receptor and ADP (a physiological activator of this receptor) are involved in the protection of ex vivo livers. Therapeutic opportunities for improving liver graft preservation through the stimulation of the ADP/P2Y13 receptor axis are further discussed.
Estimating Recreational Fishing Effort Using Autonomous Cameras at Boat Ramps versus Creel Surveys
Authors: Dutterer Andrew C. , Dotson Jason R. , Thompson Brandon C. , Paxton Christopher J. , Pouder William F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Measuring fishing effort is a common practice in fisheries management. Traditional access-point or roving creel surveys rely on in-person interaction between management agency personnel and anglers, the cost of which can restrict where and when the surveys can be performed. Increasing the efficiency of the techniques that are used to estimate recreational fishing effort would benefit management agencies by reducing costs or allowing for sampling at more waterbodies. We investigated using motion-triggered game cameras installed at boat ramps to capture the number of fishing trips, number of anglers, and trip durations to be used in estimating fishing effort. We tested boat ramp cameras at five lakes in the Florida Panhandle and peninsular Florida having diversity in their fisheries and user-group characteristics and ranging from small (&lt;300 ha) to large (&gt;12,000 ha). On three of the lakes, we concurrently conducted roving creel surveys, allowing us to compare the methods’ estimates of fishing effort, costs, and personnel time. The camera-based estimates of fishing effort were similar to those from the roving creel survey but tended to exceed them, including up to a factor of 2.22 in one case. These differences in effort estimates may have been due to several things such as erroneously designating some nonfishing trips as fishing trips during photo analysis, overestimating time spent fishing by ascribing all of the time between launch and retrieval to fishing, or underestimating fishing effort via roving creel surveys, as creel clerks might have occasionally missed anglers during the angler counts. Roving creel surveys were 1.25–2.50 times as expensive as camera counts because the cameras required less personnel effort. The detection probabilities that were calculated from the camera results ranged from 0.57 to 1.00, but the value was ≥ 0.86 at four of the five lakes. Despite some challenges, boat ramp cameras provided an effective, cost-beneficial tool for estimating fishing effort.
One dimensional SbO2/Sb2O3@NC microrod as anode for lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries
Authors: Han Zhengsi , Zheng Jihui , Kong Fanjun , Tao Shi , Qian Bin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSb‐based oxides electrodes have received tremendous attention owing to their high theoretical capacities and electrochemical activities. However, the huge volume change during ion insertion/extraction process and poor electronic conductivity limit their wide applications in the electrochemical energy storage. In this study, SbO2/Sb2O3 nanoparticles embedded in N‐doped carbon fibers are successfully synthesized. The composite can display a high reversible specific capacity of 622 mAh g−1 for lithium‐ion batteries and a desirable reversible capacity 307 mAh g−1 for sodium‐ion batteries at current density of 100 mA g−1. Such superior lithium and sodium storage performance can be ascribed to that carbon fibers can effectively restrict the large volume change and enhance the electrochemical stability.
How to select effective electrocatalysts: Nano or single atom?
Authors: Ou Honghui , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractElectrocatalysis is viewed as one of the most effective ways to mitigate the energy problems and produce fuels or value‐added chemicals in a gentle manner. However, duo to the limited electrochemical properties of various systems, there is an intensive search for highly efficient electrocatalysts by more rational control over the topographic structure, chemical structure, and electronic structure. At present, the development of electrocatalysts mainly includes two directions: (1) nanoparticle electrocatalysts, and (2) single atom site electrocatalysts (SACs). Nanoparticle and SACs display their own advantages, and have been widely studied in the field of electrocatalysis. Considering the state‐of‐the‐art progress for nanoparticles or SACs, the selection of effective electrocatalysts has been a topic of great research value. Therefore, this paper summarizes the advantages, commonalities, and problems of nanoparticle and SACs, as well as their developing methods and experiences. In addition, the selection of nanoparticle and SACs in electrocatalytic reactions was discussed from the aspects of their respective influencing factors, active sites and synergistic effect. Finally, the research of nanoparticle and single atom sites electrocatalysts were prospected, providing a general guidance for the selection of efficient electrocatalysts.
Chronic pain and weight regain in a lifestyle modification trial
Authors: Goessl Cody L. , Befort Christie A. , Pathak Ram D. , Ellerbeck Edward F. , VanWormer Jeffrey J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveObesity and chronic pain often co‐occur and exert bidirectional influences on one another. How patients with obesity and chronic pain respond to weight loss treatments, however, remains unclear. This study evaluated body weight, physical activity, and diet outcomes in participants with and without chronic pain in a 2‐year behavioral weight loss trial.MethodsAn analytical cohort of 397 adults was assembled from a Midwestern healthcare system that participated in the larger trial. Participants with chronic pain 1 year prior to, or during, the trial were identified using a validated medical records algorithm. Mixed models were used to estimate changes in outcomes over 24 months.ResultsOne‐third of participants (n = 130) had chronic pain. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and trial arm, weight loss was similar in both groups at 6‐months (−7.0 ± 0.8 kg with chronic pain vs. −7.7 ± 0.6 kg without). Participants with chronic pain had significantly less weight loss at 24‐months relative to those without (−3.6 ± 0.5 vs. −5.2 ± 0.4 kg; p = 0.007). Physical activity, screen time, dietary fat, fruit/vegetable consumption, and sugar‐sweetened beverage intake improved similarly in both groups over time.ConclusionsParticipants with chronic pain lost ∼33% less weight over 2 years, which was driven by greater weight regain after the first 6 months. Future research should test tailored weight loss maintenance strategies for individuals with chronic pain.
SHELTER‐IN‐PLACE ORDERS AND PUBLIC HEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM CALIFORNIA DURING THE COVID‐19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Friedson Andrew I. , McNichols Drew , Sabia Joseph J. , Dave Dhaval 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA shelter‐in‐place order (SIPO) is one of the most restrictive non‐pharmaceutical interventions designed to curb the spread of COVID‐19. On March 19, 2020, California Governor Gavin Newsom issued the first statewide SIPO in the United States. The order closed non‐essential businesses and required residents to shelter in place for all but essential activities such as grocery shopping, retrieving prescriptions from a pharmacy, or caring for relatives. This study is the first in the economics literature to estimate the effect of a statewide SIPO on public health. Using daily state‐level coronavirus data and a synthetic control research design, we find that California's statewide SIPO reduced COVID‐19 cases by 160.9 to 194.7 per 100,000 population by April 20, one month following the order. We further find that California's SIPO led to as many as 1,566 fewer COVID‐19 deaths during this period. Back‐of‐the‐envelope calculations suggest that there were about 649 to 703 job losses per life saved, and about 14 to16 job losses per case averted during this post‐treatment period.
Pathology of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: A consensus opinion document from the Children's Oncology Group, European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group, and the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe
Authors: Rudzinski Erin R. , Kelsey Anna , Vokuhl Christian , Linardic Corinne M. , Shipley Janet , Hettmer Simone , Koscielniak Ewa , Hawkins Douglas S. , Bisogno Gianni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe diagnosis and classification of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has undergone several shifts over the last 30 years. While the main diagnostic categories remained the same, changes in the histologic criteria necessary for diagnosis, as well as varied reliance on immunohistochemical and molecular data over time, have created confusion, particularly regarding how these shifts impacted risk stratification and enrollment onto clinical trials. The goal of this report is to review the evolution and current status of RMS diagnosis, focusing on diagnostic criteria in the Children's Oncology Group (COG), the European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Group (EpSSG), and the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS). In addition, we emphasize research tools used to classify RMS and address biological questions within current clinical trials run by each group. The INternational Soft Tissue SaRcoma ConsorTium (INSTRuCT) initiative will maximize potential to optimize risk stratification by recognizing and accounting for differences in historical data and current practices.
Patterns of medication use at end of life by pediatric inpatients with cancer
Authors: Prozora Stephanie , Shabanova Veronika , Ananth Prasanna , Pashankar Farzana , Kupfer Gary M. , Massaro Stephanie A. , Davidoff Amy J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe medication utilization patterns by pediatric inpatients with cancer during their last week of life.MethodsThis retrospective study used data from the Vizient Clinical Database/Resource Manager, a national compilation of clinical and resource use data from over 100 academic medical centers and affiliates. Patients (0‐21 years) with malignancy who died during hospitalization (2010‐2017) were included (N = 1659). Medications were categorized as opioid, benzodiazepine, gastrointestinal related, chemotherapy, anti‐infectives, or vasopressors. Exposure to each group was ascertained for all patients at 1 week and 1 day prior to death. Factors associated with exposure were examined using generalized estimating equations, and summarized using adjusted odds ratios (aORs).ResultsOver the last week of life, there was increased use of opioids (76% to 82%, aOR = 1.55, P < .001) and benzodiazepines (53% to 66%, aOR = 1.36, P = .02), while gastrointestinal‐related medication use decreased (92% to 89%, aOR = 0.69, P = .001). Patients had decreased exposure to chemotherapy (10% to 5%, aOR = 0.46, P < .001) and anti‐infectives (82% to 73%, aOR = 0.41, P = .002). Vasopressor use increased as death approached (15% to 28%, aOR = 1.67, P = .04). Factors significantly associated with exposure varied with medication category, and included age, race, length of stay, malignancy type, death in the intensive care unit, history of hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and do‐not‐resuscitate status.ConclusionDuring the week preceding death, administration of symptom management medications increased for children with cancer, but use was not universal. Potentially life‐sustaining medications were often continued. Variability in utilization suggests differences in provider/family decision making that warrant further study to develop an evidence‐based approach to end‐of‐life care.
Assessing Diagnostic and Severity Grading Accuracy of Ultrasound Measurements for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Compared to Electrodiagnostics
Authors: Chen Yin‐Ting , Miller Olson Emily K. , Lee Sung‐hoon , Sainani Kristin , Fredericson Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe combined sensory index (CSI) is the most sensitive electrodiagnostic criteria for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and the CSI and Bland criteria have been shown to predict surgical treatment outcomes. The proposed ultrasound measurements have not been assessed against the CSI for diagnostic accuracy and grading of CTS severity.ObjectiveTo investigate the use of ultrasound evaluations for both diagnosis and assessment of severity grading of CTS in comparison to electrodiagnostic assessment.DesignAll patients underwent an electrodiagnostic evaluation using the CSI and Bland severity grading. Each patient underwent an ultrasound evaluation including cross‐sectional area (CSA), the change in CSA from the forearm to the tunnel (∆CSA), and the wrist‐forearm ratio (WFR). These measurements were assessed for diagnostic and severity grading accuracy using the CSI as the gold standard.SettingTertiary academic center.ParticipantsAll patients referred for electrodiagnostic evaluation for CTS were eligible for the study. Only those with idiopathic CTS were included and those with prior CTS treatment were also excluded. Ninety‐five patients were included in the study.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary study outcome measure was concordance between CSI diagnosis and severity categories and the ultrasound measurements. Both outcomes were also assessed using Bland criteria.ResultsOptimal cut‐points for diagnosis of CTS were found to be CSA ≥12 mm2, ∆CSA ≥4 mm2, WFR ≥1.4. Using these cut‐points, C‐statistics comparing diagnosis of CTS using ultrasound measurements versus using the CSI ranged from 0.893‐0.966. When looking at CSI severity grading compared to ∆CSA, however, the C‐statistics were 0.640‐0.661 with substantial overlap between severity groups.ConclusionsAlthough ultrasound measurements had high diagnostic accuracy for CTS based on the CSI criteria, ultrasound measurements were unable to adequately distinguish between CSI severity groups among patients with CTS.
Ecological thresholds and regime shifts within hydrologically modified rivers: A 75+ year retrospective analysis
Authors: Delong Michael D. , Thorp James H. , Anderson Jeffrey R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTheoretical models have spurred empirical testing to understand how anthropogenic disturbances cause sudden shifts between alternative functional states. Most studies are done over short periods of time, making it difficult to determine the occurrence of ecological thresholds or regime shifts. This study used carbon stable isotope ratios (δ13C) from museum specimens of fish, mussels, and snails over a timeline of 75+ years to ascertain if trophic structure of two hydrologically modified rivers changed between premodification and postmodification periods. An alternative state model following Scheffer's shallow lake model was developed. As long‐lived species, mussels and snails are time integrators with long tissue turnover time and serve as a surrogate for the balance of benthic and pelagic basal food resource contributions to fish biomass. Hydrological datasets over the period of record for the Upper Mississippi (UMR) and lower Ohio (LOR) rivers were placed in 5‐year intervals, as were δ13C data for invertivorous and piscivorous fish. The model indicated changes in δ13C of fish relative to changes in mean stage height (UMR) and mean minimum stage height (LOR) over time. Evidence based on the model and empirical data of δ13C‐stage height relationship suggests a regime shift occurred during the postdam period in the LOR. Postdam, fish from the UMR revealed little change in δ13C of invertivores, whereas postdam decreases in variability of δ13C for piscivores shifted from a threshold to an unstable equilibrium. Decreases in hydrological variability led to a loss of resilience, with both rivers becoming metastable due to hydrological modification.
Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and caffeine in aqueous samples by ultrasound‐assisted emulsification microextraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Rahimi Marzieh , Khorshidi Neda , Heydari Rouhollah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractToday, due to the growth of the pharmaceutical industry and the high consumption of drugs, monitoring of drug residues in environmental samples because of their destructive effects on the environment and humans is essential. In the present work, ultrasound‐assisted emulsification‐microextraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography as a simple and fast method was applied for simultaneous determination of paracetamol and caffeine in the aqueous samples. Effective parameters on the extraction efficiencies of these analytes such as type and volume of extraction solvent, pH of sample solution, salt concentration, sonication, and centrifuging times were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 30.0–1100.0 ng/mL for paracetamol and 50.0–400.0 ng/mL for caffeine. The limits of detection were 9.7 and 15.2 ng/mL for paracetamol and caffeine, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of these drugs in different aqueous samples.
Retracing Economic Impact of Climate Change Disasters in Africa: Case Study of Drought Episodes and Adaptation in Kenya
Authors: Nthambi Mary , Ijioma Uche Dickson 
Published: December 2020

AbstractValuation studies have shown that drought occurrences have more severe economic impact compared to other natural disasters such as floods. In Kenya, drought has presented complex negative effects on farming communities. The main objective of this chapter is to analyze the economic impacts of drought and identify appropriate climate change adaptation measures in Kenya. To achieve this objective, an empirical approach, combined with secondary data mined from World Bank Climate Knowledge Portal and FAOSTAT databases, has been used in three main steps. First, historical links between population size and land degradation, temperature and rainfall changes with drought events were established. Second, economic impacts of drought on selected economic indicators such as quantities of staple food crop, average food value production, number of undernourished people, gross domestic product, agriculture value added growth, and renewable water resources per annum in Kenya were evaluated. Third, different climate change adaptation measures among farmers in Makueni county were identified using focused group discussions and in-depth interviews, for which the use of bottom-up approach was used to elicit responses. Findings from the binary logistic regression model show a statistical relationship between drought events and a selected set of economic indicators. More specifically, drought events have led to increased use of pesticides, reduced access to credit for agriculture and the annual growth of gross domestic product. One of the main recommendations of this chapter is to involve farmers in designing and implementing community-based climate change adaptation measures, with support from other relevant stakeholders.
Surprised by Values: An Introduction to Values-Based Practice and the Use of Personal Narratives in This Book
Authors: Fulford Bill 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to the book. Section
2
explains some of the features of values that have shaped values-based practice. Section
3
outlines the key framework elements of values-based practice and describes how this book extends its scope from individual to cultural values. Section
4
, explains the organisation of the book around the framework elements of values-based practice. Section
5
justifies the prominent role given to personal narratives in the book: just as randomised controlled trials are among the best ways to learn about evidence, so, we argue, are personal narratives among the best ways to learn about values. A linking theme of the chapter is the many surprises presented by values in the context of contemporary person-centred clinical care.