bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vehicle speed estimation using two roadside passive infrared sensors
Authors: Vu Van Quang , Ngo Van Linh , Vu Toan Thang , Doan Van Phuc 
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a method for estimating vehicle speed using two roadside passive infrared (PIR) sensors whose optical axes are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the moving direction of vehicles. The vehicle speed was calculated based on the time lag between the two signals received by the PIR sensors, which was evaluated by using cross-correlation analysis. The experiments show that the method has an error of less than 5 km/h over a speed range of 20–60 km/h.
Oil pressure and viscosity influence on stiffness of the hydrostatic spindle bearing of a medium-sized circular grinding machine
Authors: Pham Van-Hung , Nguyen Manh-Toan , Bui Tuan-Anh 
Published: August 2020

In surface finishing of a grinding machine, the dimension accuracy of the workpiece is most affected by the stiffness of the spindle. For the hydrostatic spindle of a medium-sized circular grinding machine, the primary factors affecting the oil film stiffness are bearing structure parameters, lubrication characteristics, and working conditions. In this study, the effects of lubricant pressure and oil viscosity on the stiffness of the hydrostatic spindle based on the working conditions were investigated. The oil viscosity affects the spindle by increasing the stiffness that corresponds to the increase in viscosity in the range of 0.001–0.002 Pa[Formula: see text]S, while the stiffness proportionally increases with pump pressure changing in the range of 3–5 MPa. Experimental results also indicate that based on the stiffness of the bearing, a viscosity of 0.002 Pa[Formula: see text]S, pump pressure of 5 MPa, and load range of 500–1000 N are the most feasible working conditions for hydrostatic spindle associated with the fine-machining process on a medium-sized external grinding machine.
NUMERICAL MODEL ON METHANE EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Authors: SHUKLA J. B. , SUNDAR SHYAM , MISHRA ASHISH KUMAR , NARESH RAM 
Published: August 2020

Atmospheric methane, emitted from agriculture sector such as production of rice paddies and farming of livestock populations, is one of the important factors responsible for increasing the average atmospheric temperature leading to global warming. It is, therefore, crucial to comprehend the dynamics of methane emission and its effect on global warming. In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the increase of average atmospheric temperature (or average global warming temperature) caused by emission of methane due to various processes involved in the production of rice paddies and farming of livestock populations simultaneously. In the modeling process, six variables are considered, namely, the cumulative biomass density of rice paddies, the cumulative density of livestock populations, the cumulative density of methane formed by various processes involved in the production of rice paddies, the cumulative density of methane formed by various processes involved in the farming of livestock populations, the atmospheric concentration of methane and the average atmospheric temperature. It is assumed that both the cumulative biomass densities of rice paddies and livestock populations follow logistic models with their respective growth rates and carrying capacities. The growth rate of concentration of methane in the atmosphere is assumed to be directly proportional to the cumulative densities of various processes involved in the production of rice paddies as well as in the farming of livestock populations. This growth rate also increases with a constant rate from various natural sources such as wetlands, etc. The growth rate of average global warming temperature is assumed to be proportional to the increased level of methane concentration in the atmosphere from its equilibrium value. It is also assumed that this temperature decreases with a rate proportional to its enhanced level from its equilibrium level caused by various natural factors such as rain fall, snowfall, etc. The proposed model is analyzed using the stability theory of differential equations and numerical simulation. The analysis shows that as the emission of methane from various processes involved in the production of rice paddies and farming of livestock populations increase, the average global warming temperature increases considerably from its equilibrium level. The numerical simulation of the model confirms the analytical results.
BI-3406, a Potent and Selective SOS1–KRAS Interaction Inhibitor, Is Effective in KRAS-Driven Cancers through Combined MEK Inhibition
Authors: Hofmann Marco H. , Gmachl Michael , Ramharter Juergen , Savarese Fabio , Gerlach Daniel , Marszalek Joseph R. , Sanderson Michael P. , Kessler Dirk , Trapani Francesca , Arnhof Heribert , Rumpel Klaus , Botesteanu Dana-Adriana , Ettmayer Peter , Gerstberger Thomas , Kofink Christiane , Wunberg Tobias , Zoephel Andreas , Fu Szu-Chin , Teh Jessica L. , Böttcher Jark , Pototschnig Nikolai , Schachinger Franziska , Schipany Katharina , Lieb Simone , Vellano Christopher P. , O'Connell Jonathan C. , Mendes Rachel L. , Moll Jurgen , Petronczki Mark , Heffernan Timothy P. , Pearson Mark , McConnell Darryl B. , Kraut Norbert 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

KRAS is the most frequently mutated driver of pancreatic, colorectal, and non–small cell lung cancers. Direct KRAS blockade has proved challenging, and inhibition of a key downstream effector pathway, the RAF–MEK–ERK cascade, has shown limited success because of activation of feedback networks that keep the pathway in check. We hypothesized that inhibiting SOS1, a KRAS activator and important feedback node, represents an effective approach to treat KRAS-driven cancers. We report the discovery of a highly potent, selective, and orally bioavailable small-molecule SOS1 inhibitor, BI-3406, that binds to the catalytic domain of SOS1, thereby preventing the interaction with KRAS. BI-3406 reduces formation of GTP-loaded RAS and limits cellular proliferation of a broad range of KRAS-driven cancers. Importantly, BI-3406 attenuates feedback reactivation induced by MEK inhibitors and thereby enhances sensitivity of KRAS-dependent cancers to MEK inhibition. Combined SOS1 and MEK inhibition represents a novel and effective therapeutic concept to address KRAS-driven tumors.

Significance:
To date, there are no effective targeted pan-KRAS therapies. In-depth characterization of BI-3406 activity and identification of MEK inhibitors as effective combination partners provide an attractive therapeutic concept for the majority of KRAS-mutant cancers, including those fueled by the most prevalent mutant KRAS oncoproteins, G12D, G12V, G12C, and G13D.
See related commentary by Zhao et al., p. 17.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
White Matter Abnormalities in Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Jun Lee Sung , Son Kim Min , Jang Sung Ho 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
We investigated white matter abnormalities in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage following aneurysmal rupture, by using tract-based spatial statistics.

Methods:
Sixteen patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysmal rupture and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were recruited. Voxel-wise statistical analysis of fractional anisotropy data was performed by using tract-based spatial statistics as implemented in the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Software Library. We calculated mean fractional anisotropy values across the tract skeleton and within 48 regions of interest based on the intersections between the fractional anisotropy skeleton and the probabilistic Johns Hopkins University white matter atlases.

Results:

Comparing the patient and control groups, the fractional anisotropy values of 44 regions of interest among the 48 regions of interest showed significant differences (
P
<0.05). However, significant differences were not observed in the remaining 4 regions of interest (both retrolenticular parts of the internal capsule, the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, and the right superior corona radiata;
P
>0.05).

Conclusions:
By undertaking tract-based spatial statistics analysis, we detected wide-ranging white matter abnormalities in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Registration:

URL:
http://www.e-irb.com/index.jsp
. Unique identifier: 2019-06-032.
Early Brain Imaging Shows Increased Severity of Acute Ischemic Strokes With Large Vessel Occlusion in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Escalard Simon , Chalumeau Vanessa , Escalard Clément , Redjem Hocine , Delvoye François , Hébert Solène , Smajda Stanislas , Ciccio Gabriele , Desilles Jean-Philippe , Mazighi Mikael , Blanc Raphael , Maïer Benjamin , Piotin Michel 
Published: August 2020

Background and Purpose:
Reports are emerging regarding the association of acute ischemic strokes with large vessel occlusion and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While a higher severity of these patients could be expected from the addition of both respiratory and neurological injury, COVID-19 patients with strokes can present with mild or none respiratory symptoms. We aimed to compare anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes severity between patients with and without COVID-19.

Methods:
We performed a comparative cohort study between patients with COVID-19 who had anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and early brain imaging within 3 hours from onset, in our institution during the 6 first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak and a control group admitted during the same calendar period in 2019.

Results:

Twelve COVID-19 patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and early brain imaging were included during the study period and compared with 34 control patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion and early brain imaging in 2019. Patients in the COVID-19 group were younger (
P
=0.032) and had a history of diabetes mellitus more frequently (
P
=0.039). Patients did not significantly differ on initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale nor time from onset to imaging (
P
=0.18 and
P
=0.6, respectively). Patients with COVID-19 had more severe strokes than patients without COVID-19, with a significantly lower clot burden score (median: 6.5 versus 8,
P
=0.016), higher rate of multivessel occlusion (50% versus 8.8%,
P
=0.005), lower DWI-ASPECTS (Diffusion-Weighted Imaging–Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores; median: 5 versus 8,
P
=0.006), and higher infarct core volume (median: 58 versus 6 mL,
P
=0.004). Successful recanalization rate was similar in both groups (
P
=0.767). In-hospital mortality was higher in the COVID-19 patients’ group (41.7% versus 11.8%,
P
=0.025).

Conclusions:
Early brain imaging showed higher severity large vessel occlusion strokes in patients with COVID-19. Given the massive number of infected patients, concerns should be raised about the coming neurovascular impact of the pandemic worldwide.
Primary Closure With Posteriorly Based Lateral Tongue Flap Reconstruction After Transoral Videolaryngoscopic Surgery for Tonsil Cancer
Authors: Fujiwara Kazunori , Koyama Satoshi , Fukuhara Takahiro , Donishi Ryohei , Morisaki Tsuyoshi , Kataoka Hideyuki , Takauchi Hiromi 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Transoral surgery for head and neck cancer provides excellent oncologic outcomes while preserving speech and swallowing function. When neck dissection and resection of oropharynx are performed concomitantly, there is a risk of creating a communication defect or developing a pharyngocutaneous fistula. To prevent pharyngocutaneous fistula, we performed the reconstruction using a posteriorly based lateral tongue flap for communication defect. Patient: A 72-year-old male with oropharyngeal cancer (tonsil cancer) T2N1M0 underwent concomitant transoral videolaryngoscopic surgery and neck dissection. The lateral wall of the oropharynx was resected with the pharynx constrictor muscle and parapharyngeal fat due to infiltration of the parapharyngeal space by the tonsil cancer. The posteriorly based lateral tongue flap was used to close the perforation. There was no leakage to the neck postoperatively. The patient had no problem with phonation or oral intake and remained free of disease at 12 months after treatment. Conclusion: For a small defect confined to the oropharyngeal lateral wall, the posteriorly based lateral tongue flap should be considered as a useful option for reconstruction of the oropharynx without impairment of posterior function.
Assessment of native liver fibrosis using ultrasound elastography and serological fibrosis indices in children with biliary atresia after the Kasai procedure
Authors: Hwang Jisun , Yoon Hee Mang , Kim Kyung Mo , Oh Seak Hee , Namgoong Jung-Man , Kim Dae Yeon , Cho Young Ah 
Published: August 2020

Background Validated non-invasive examinations are necessary to monitor liver fibrosis in children with biliary atresia (BA) after the Kasai procedure. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), transient elastography (TE), and the serologic biomarkers of aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score for evaluating native liver fibrosis in children with BA. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed same-day 2D-SWE and TE liver stiffness (LS) measurements of 63 patients with BA who underwent the Kasai procedure. The APRI and FIB-4 score were computed. Hepatic fibrosis was categorized into three clinical categories based on the ultrasound (US) hepatic morphology and clinical manifestations of liver cirrhosis: I, pre-cirrhotic liver state (n = 15); II, US and/or clinical signs of liver cirrhosis with compensated liver function (n = 27); and III, liver cirrhosis with decompensated liver function (n = 21). We compared area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) data among 2D-SWE, TE, APRI, and FIB-4 score. Combined evaluation of serologic fibrosis indices and US elastography was conducted and AUCs of combinations were analyzed. Results 2D-SWE, TE, APRI, and FIB-4 score showed good to excellent diagnostic accuracy for differentiating clinical categories (AUCs 0.779–0.955). AUC values were significantly increased after adding TE to FIB-4 score for detecting liver cirrhosis ( P = 0.02). Conclusion 2D-SWE, TE, APRI, and FIB-4 score are accurate non-invasive markers for monitoring native liver fibrosis in patients with BA. Combined use of serologic markers and US elastography could yield more accurate diagnoses of liver fibrosis than serologic markers alone.
The Severity of Acute Pancreatitis According to Modified Balthazar Classification in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Konur Sevki , Ozkahraman Adnan , Surmeli Neslihan , Gunduz Ihsan , Iliklerden Umit Haluk , Dertli Ramazan , Kayar Yusuf 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Although acute pancreatitis (AP) is a self-limited disease under supportive and medical treatment, it can have life-threatening potential in some patients. Results of studies reporting outcomes of AP-associated pancreatic malignancy are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the severity and prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC)–related AP by modified Balthazar score. Methods: A total of 354 patients hospitalized and followed up in our clinic between 2013 and 2019 were included in the study. Demographic data of all patients were recorded. The etiology of all cases was determined. According to the etiology, the cases were divided into 2 groups: AP related to pancreatic malignancy and AP due to nonmalignant causes. The patients underwent computed tomography of the abdomen within the first 12 hours of admission and after 3 to 7 days. Patients were evaluated and classified by modified Balthazar classification. Results: Malignancy-related AP was detected in 18 (5.1%) patients. A total of 336 cases (94.9%) were related to nonmalignant causes. There was no statistically significant difference in the severity of AP in both groups at admission and after 3 days ( p > 0.05). The changes (regression, progression, or no change) in the disease severity at the first and the subsequent imaging were examined. There was no significant relationship between the 2 groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: AP may be the clinical manifestation of PC or PC may induce AP in various ways. It was shown that the underlying malignancy did not adversely affect the severity and course of AP.
Exploring preferred and actual lighting levels for reading for adults with visual impairment at a center for the blind
Authors: Nastasi Julie 
Published: August 2020

Introduction Light plays a crucial role in facilitating or hindering participation in reading. The purpose of this study is to examine the preferred lighting and actual lighting levels for reading for adults with visual impairment at a center for the blind. Method This mixed-methods study gathered reading acuity level and lighting preferences for reading for 18 adults with visual impairment. The researcher used the Warren Text Card to measure reading acuity, and participants identified the preferred lighting level for reading on the LuxIQ 2. A Lighting Inventory was used to record lighting at the site. Findings Preferred lighting levels varied for adults with visual impairment. Preferred lux ranged from 250–5000 and kelvin ranged from 3000–6500 degrees. Reading acuity significantly improved (<.01) with increased lighting ( t = 3.441). The actual lighting levels at the center did not meet preferred lighting levels for reading. Conclusion Adults with visual impairment preferred increased levels of lighting for reading. As desired levels varied across participants, recommending customized lighting for each individual is optimal. Occupational therapists ideally should evaluate lighting and educate clients on how to increase lighting levels to the preferred level of lighting for reading to optimize reading performance.
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging UTE-T2* Mapping of Tendon Healing After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Xie Yuxue , Liu Shaohua , Qu Jianxun , Wu Puye , Tao Hongyue , Chen Shuang 
Published: August 2020

Background: Quantitative ultrashort echo time–T2* (UTE-T2*) mapping shows promise for the detection of potential tendon biochemical conditions, while validation against established clinical studies in the shoulder is needed. Purpose: To evaluate and characterize the healing process of the repaired rotator cuff based on longitudinal changes in UTE-T2* values, clinical outcomes, and repair status in patients after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Patients with ARCR (n = 25) underwent quantitative MRI and clinical examinations at serial follow-up time points: 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Age-matched healthy controls (n = 15) were evaluated at 3 and 12 months after enrollment. Clinical scores included the Constant, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, and Fudan University Shoulder score, and visual analog scale for pain. The MRI examination included UTE-T2*mapping. UTE-T2* maps were generated for T2* values at the healing site. Sugaya classification was adopted to evaluate the repair status. Longitudinal analyses of clinical outcomes, UTE-T2* changes, and Sugaya classification were conducted. Results: The overall retear rate was 8% (2/25, all Sugaya type IV). All patients (including the ones with retear) achieved satisfactory outcomes at 12 months that lasted to 24 months on the basis of clinical scores. The mean UTE-T2* values at the healing site showed an increase from 3 to 6 months ( P = .03) and then decreased to a level similar to that observed in age-matched healthy tendons at 12 months ( P = .1). No significant differences were found between UTE-T2* values at 12 and 24 months ( P = .6). UTE-T2* values at the healing site significantly varied with the repair status according to Sugaya classification ( P < .05). Moreover, significant correlations were noted between clinical scores and UTE-T2* values at 6 months ( r = −0.6 to −0.3; all P < .05) and 12 months ( r = −0.6 to −0.2; all P < .05). Conclusion: This study indicated a healing-related relationship between clinical outcomes and quantitative UTE-T2* values, which highlights the potential of using UTE-T2* mapping to track the tendon-healing process noninvasively. Moreover, the repaired tendon was comparable to age-matched healthy controls at 12-month follow-up based on UTE-T2* values.
Acupressure for labor pain management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chen Yao , Xiang Xiang-Yin , Chin Kien Howe Robert , Gao Jing , Wu Junmei , Lao Lixing , Chen Haiyong 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy/effectiveness of acupressure as an adjunct to standard procedures during labor and delivery, compared with standard procedures with/without sham acupressure, in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Ten main databases were searched from their inception until 31 January 2018. Two reviewers independently extracted data concerning the effects of acupressure on pain intensity, labor duration, mode of delivery, use of medications and adverse events. A meta-analysis of these measures was performed using RevMan 5.3. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) or odds ratios (ORs) for the above outcomes were estimated with a fixed or random effects model, according to the heterogeneity. Results: A total of 13 RCTs including 1586 enrolled patients met the eligibility criteria. Acupressure plus standard procedures (ASP) for labor management significantly reduced pain sensation, compared with sham acupressure plus standard procedures (SASP) and standard procedures (SP) alone. The analgesic effect of acupressure was immediate and persisted for at least 60 min (all p < 0.01). Compared with the untreated control groups, the acupressure group had a shorter duration of labor, especially the first stage of labor (SMD = −0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.10 to −0.43; p < 0.001; I2 = 74%) and second stage of labor (SMD = −0.37, 95% CI = −0.59 to −0.18; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Data suggesting that acupressure reduced the Cesarean section rate was inconclusive. The use of pharmacologic agents (oxytocin and analgesics) did not differ between the ASP, SASP and SP groups. No adverse events were reported in this limited number of studies. Conclusion: Moderate evidence indicates that acupressure may have promising effects on labor pain and duration. However, high-quality trials to verify these findings are warranted.