bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación del diseño de un programa de intervención gamificado para el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico en el alumnado de Educación Primaria
Authors: Martínez-Hita María , Miralles-Martínez Pedro 
Published: September 2020

En las últimas décadas, el desarrollo del pensamiento histórico en el alumnado ha adquirido una mayor importancia en la educación histórica, así como la necesidad de modificar y mejorar los métodos y estrategias de enseñanza. Debido a esto, se ha diseñado un programa educativo basado en la gamificación, teniendo en consideración la base teórica al respecto. El programa ha sido diseñado para aportar una alternativa a las usuales prácticas de enseñanza que se llevan a cabo en muchas clases de Educación Primaria, especialmente cuando se enseñan los contenidos históricos. El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar y validar el diseño del programa de intervención gamificado para desarrollar el pensamiento histórico en el alumnado de cuarto de Educación Primaria. La validación fue llevada a cabo por un panel de cuatro expertos con experiencia en el tema, Didáctica de la Historia y las Ciencias Sociales, que completaron un cuestionario ya validado, con una escala Likert de cinco puntos. Esta investigación es de carácter cuantitativo descriptivo y los resultados muestran que, aunque es necesario introducir algunas modificaciones para mejorar ciertas áreas del programa, el diseño es válido y altamente apropiado. Por tanto, el programa educativo gamificado puede ser implementado en el aula tras realizar los cambios necesarios.
Fashion and Textile Design with Photoshop and Illustrator
Authors: Hume Robert 
Published: September 2020

A step-by-step guide to two essential tools for textile and fashion designers.
Designer and educator Robert Hume guides you from novice to expert through 20 carefully crafted projects. You’ll start by mastering layers and custom brushes, and learning about stripes and weaves, scanning and manipulation before moving on to repeats, colourways and simple geometry. Next, transformations, filters and effects become tools for your personal creativity and you’ll explore varied approaches to drawing garments. Finally, you’ll learn about key layout and presentation techniques in both programs. There’s also advice on sharing, communication and output, and help with diagnosing and correcting common problems. Files for many of the projects are available from: http://www.bloomsbury.com/hume-textile-design.
Seven case studies showcase the work and creative thinking of innovative professional designers. These designers offer insight and inspiration to help you develop your own successful and inventive designs.
This new edition incorporates updates to Photoshop and Illustrator CC, and a new extended introduction outlines the layout of each program and good practice in working with their tools and windows. There are also two new projects: the first will help you draw a pair of jeans using closed pathways, incorporating distressing and treatments such as stone-washing and whiskering. The second shows how to create a paisley design using Illustrator brushes to add complexity in design work.
Exploring Water Management Practices and Sustainability Implications in the Bamenda Metropolis of Cameroon
Authors: Nyuydine Wirba Lucas , Sani Gur Amawa , Konfor Ntoban Victor , Lainjo Baye Bruno , Nkembo Ngang Emmanuel , Nchuone Ngonga Linda , Kimengsi Jude Ndzifon 
Published: September 2020

City governments, the world over, are grappling with the problem of sustaining water supply to their rapidly growing population. The need to meet up with this exigency has been emphasized in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 (Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all) and SDG 11 (Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable). While a series of demand and supply-side approaches to water management have been employed, the extent to which water management practices could guarantee (un)sustainability still require clarity, especially in the context of cities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Taking the case of the Bamenda Metropolis of Cameroon, we contribute to address this lacunae, by identifying household level water management practices in Bamenda, and discussing the implications it has for sustainable water supply (availability, affordability). To obtain relevant data for this study, a random sample of 120 households, within 8 neighborhoods of Bamenda, was conducted. Furthermore, we employed descriptive and inferential statistical methods to test the relationship between household socio-economic characteristics and water management (consumption, rationing, preservation). The results reveal the following: In terms of regularity, approximately 63% of the households have irregular water supply, and consume less than 50 litres of water per day. The key water source is pipe borne water (65%), supplied by CAMWATER and Community Water Systems. One of the main water management practice at household level is rainwater harvesting (41.7%), while sustainability is compromised by the weak management systems from supply side, and limited knowledge and resources at the demand side (household level). There is a need for policy (re)orientation to regulate household water distribution, consumption and affordability. Further studies are required to ground this assertion.
Inserción extraordinaria del clítico lo de objeto directo en el español hablado por guaymíes costarricenses: notas preliminares
Authors: Marín Esquivel Rebeca 
Published: September 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es explicar la inserción extraordinaria de clíticos del tipo 'lo voy a pensarlo', como posible resultado estructural del influjo de la lengua guaymí originaria de este grupo étnico, para lo cual, se recogió y se transcribió material oral de dieciocho hablantes bilingües de guaymí y español. Debido a que el análisis posee carácter exploratorio y revelador del fenómeno en cuestión, no se pretende llegar a conclusiones finales, sino únicamente proponer una explicación tentativa desde la perspectiva del contacto de lenguas.
Optimal Interpretation as an Alternative to Gricean Pragmatics
Authors: Zeevat Henk 
Published: September 2020

The paper introduces an optimality theoretic notion of optimal
interpretation based on presupposition theory and shows that it is a viable
alternative for Gricean pragmatics. It moreover is directly applicable to
presupposition and rhetorical structure and improves the insights in those
areas. The last sections are concerned with provisionally making this point.
Глагольный вид и дополнение со значением меры в английском и русском языках
Authors: Мелиг Ханс Роберт 
Published: September 2020

The paper is focused on predications with incremental arguments, for example, drinking tea, eating ice-cream, but also handing out books or throwing away letters, when these predications are understood in a temporal distributive
way, that is, when the entities denoted are consecutively involved in the situation. Predications with an incremental argument denote situations where there is a certain parallelism between the temporal duration of the situation on the one hand, and the increase or the decrease of the amount denoted by the incremental argument on the other. The more time one spends drinking one’s tea, the less tea remains in the cup. Predications denoting an incremental relation have been comprehensively discussed in formal semantics, and also from other perspectives. Here, it has been observed that neither in English nor in Russian the predications with an incremental argument can be coded as “ongoing”, as progressive, if the incremental argument is related to a bounded amount. Indeed, using the progressive form in an example such as Masha is drinking two cups of tea without further context can be understood only in such a way as to mean that Masha is drinking her tea alternately from both cups. The same is true for Russian if we use the imperfective aspect in its progressive reading. In Russian too, the equivalent example Maša p’et dve čaški čaja cannot be understood in such a way as to mean that Masha is drinking one cup after the other. So it may seem that a progressive coding of a situation and progressive coding of an incremental argument denoting a bounded amount are mutually exclusive. In this paper, I would like to describe in more detail when and why progressive coding of a situation and progressive coding of an incremental argument denoting a bounded quantity are mutually exclusive. In particular, I would like to show and explain why this restriction is not valid if the quantity of the amount denoted is known at the very beginning of the situation. For instance, if in our example Masha is drinking her two cups of tea/Maša p’et svoi dve čaški čaja the incremental argument is introduced with a possessive pronoun such as her/svoi and is thus related to an amount already specified in the context.
On the Functional Independence of Explicatures and Implicatures
Authors: Fretheim Thorstein 
Published: September 2020

Robyn Carston has proposed that, within Relevance Theory the proposition
expressed by an utterance U (its explicature) must play a
communicative role that is independent of the role played by any
implicature of U. Thus no implicature can entail the
explicature of U, and whenever it looks as if that sort of
situation obtains, the presumed implicature should be redefined as the
explicature. This paper shows that the assumption that an explicature
may not be entailed by an implicature cannot be maintained, but the
fact that explicatures and implicatures are not always functionally
independent of one another is argued not to be a problem for Relevance
Theory.
Place Names in Multicultural Societies
Authors: Eriksen Thomas Hylland 
Published: September 2020

It is not unthinkable that in a not too distant future, citizens of Oslo will have the opportunity to meet for appointments at Salimi Square, to shop for vegetables in Kharian Street, to enjoy their picnics in Rubina Rana Park and to drive to the nearby town of Drammen on Mogadishu Road.
Historical change may lead to politically motivated changes in place names, although often slow and uneven, and major upheavals such as revolutions tend to entail a total renovation of the names of streets, parks and other urban fixtures. The names of towns and villages tend to stick more stubbornly.
This short essay looks at these three modes, drawing on exam- ples from Tehran, Trinidad and Toronto, eventually relating them ten- tatively to the emergent multiethnic reality in Oslo and the future prospects for place names in the city.
Official Naming in Hå, Klepp and Time
Authors: Særheim Inge 
Published: September 2020

Toponyms localize, reflect and give information about historical traditions and various phenomena in an area. They form part of the local heritage and culture. The relationship between place names, heritage and identity is often underlined in guidelines regarding official naming of streets and roads. In what way is heritage and local identity reflected in the road names of the three municipalities Hå, Klepp and Time (Southwest-Norway), and how is the special character of this area expressed in the names?
More than half of the official road names in the three municipalities are either identical with a local toponym, or they consist of a word for ‘road’ and a local toponym (or an appellative describing the location). This shows that there is a strong commitment to base the official naming on local tradition and thus contribute to identity. Quite a few elements from the dialect, e.g. special pronunciation, grammatical forms or local words, appear in the names, especially in the road names from Hå, reflecting that the names are part of the local culture, and due to the fact that the dialect is unique. Consistency is a challenge, however; the same word is sometimes spelled in different ways in different names. It appears that, with some exceptions, cultural heritage and local tradition have been preferred principles and guidelines with regard to naming of roads in the three municipalities, due to a consciousness that heritage and tradition create identity.
Dal testo alle parole: studi contrastivi
Authors: Khachaturyan Elizaveta 
Published: September 2020

Negli ultimi decenni gli studi contrastivi continuano ad espandere il loro dominio segnando così l’inizio di una nuova fase: dall’analisi dei fenomeni grammaticali – prevalente negli studi del secolo scorso – l’interesse dei ricercatori si sta rivolgendo ora sempre di più verso le differenze comunicative che caratterizzano le lingue e riguardano diversi livelli linguistici, dalle strutture morfosintattiche fino alle proprietà di carattere sociolinguistico e pragmatico. Il punto di partenza di uno studio contrastivo diventano pertanto il testo visto come realizzazione generale di un qualsiasi atto comunicativo e i mezzi linguistici usati per costruirlo. Così (come vedremo nelle sezioni successive) l’analisi si concentra sulle forme usate in un contesto specifico o in una situazione comunicativa prestabilita.
Il presente articolo ha molteplici obiettivi. Oltre a introdurre i contributi del volume, esso si propone di descrivere il testo come oggetto di uno studio contrastivo individuando gli elementi importanti per la sua costruzione; e infine suggerisce possibili strade da seguire nei futuri studi italo-norvegesi, al momento ancora poco numerosi.
L’articolo è diviso in tre parti: la presentazione del testo come materiale per l’analisi contrastiva nella prima sezione sarà seguita, nella seconda sezione, dalla descrizione dei due tipi di analisi effettuata su due livelli (la struttura testuale e le parole usate), e si concluderà nella terza sezione con la presentazione dei contributi di questo volume.
Corrective Contrast in Russian, in Contrast
Authors: Jasinskaja Katja 
Published: September 2020

In many languages markers of contrast, such as the English 'but', are also used to express correction:
John didn't go to Paris, but to Berlin.

The present paper tries to explain this cross-linguistic pattern and represents correction as a special case of contrast. It focuses on the Russian contrastive conjunction 'a' and argues
that its corrective uses in combination with negation 'ne ... a' / 'a ne', which are traditionally viewed as a fixed collocation, are in fact co-occurrences of a general contrastive 'a' with constituent negation.
A superação do autoritarismo em José J. Veiga
Authors: Santos Gabriel Gustavo dos , Bellini Nerynei Meira Carneiro 
Published: September 2020

José J. Veiga (1915-1999) foi, conforme atesta grande parte da crítica literária brasileira, um dos maiores e mais importantes escritores do país, de modo que em seu universo ficcional o leitor depara-se com críticas tenazes às mazelas sociais, aliadas a circunstâncias absurdas e insólitas. Em Sombras de Reis Barbudos de José J. Veiga, subjacente ao singelo enredo, o autor realiza crítica e denúncia tenazes à ditadura militar brasileira, ocorrida entre os anos de 1964 e 1985, por meio do emprego de metáforas e hipérboles habilmente entretecidas em uma obra fantástica. Há articulações relevantes tanto quanto à estruturação do fantástico literário como dos significados alusivos aos abusos da ditadura, denunciados por meio da literatura fantástica.
Pollen load and distribution on the body of Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) within oil palm plantations
Authors: Tambunan Van Basten , Sahari Bandung , Buchori Damayanti , Hidayat Purnama 
Published: September 2020

The African oil palm weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus is an effective pollinator of oil palm. Each individual palm produces exclusively male or female inflorescence so that the success of pollination depends on the ability of the pollinator to transfer pollen from male to female flowers. The objective of this research was to study the amount of pollen carried by E. kamerunicus between male and female inflorescences (pollen load) and the amount of pollen carried on each part of the weevil’s body (pollen distribution). Fifty each of male and female E. kamerunicus individuals were collected from male and female flowers on trees in 3 locations: Siantar (North Sumatra), Dramaga (West Java), and Morowali (Central Sulawesi). Data on pollen load and pollen distribution on the weevil’s body were analyzed using ImageJ software. Results show that E. kamerunicus individuals collected more pollen from male flowers than from female flowers. In addition, male insects carried more pollen on their bodies than female insects. Pollen distribution on weevil body parts was highest on the elytra, followed by the thorax, abdomen, legs, and head respectively.
Reference Bioelectrical Impedance Values for Children of Normal Body Mass Index in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Mangia Cristina Malzoni Ferreira , Carneluti Alexandre , Andrade Maria Cristina 
Published: September 2020

Background: Bioelectrical analysis measures two bioelectrical vectors: Resistance (R) and reactance (Xc). Resistance is the pure opposition of a biological conductor to the flow of an alternating current through the intra and extra-cellular ionic solution and it is inversely related to the dynamics of body fluids and body composition.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the reference values of the indexes bioelectrical impedance (BI) for children of normal body mass index in southeastern Brazil of middle-income country.
Methods: Two hundred eighty-one children with normal body mass index were included in the study (135 female and 146 male), aged 4 to 129 months, selected from federal public urban school in São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, where bioelectrical impedance values resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) values were measured in order to establish reference values of these parameters.
Results: The anthropometric variables, body mass index, z-scores and bioelectrical impedance parameters were evaluated. For both genders, the mean and standard deviation of anthropometric variables were: age (months): 73.42 ± 34.65; weight (kg): 23.5 ± 9.46; height (m): 1.16±0.22; BMI (kg/m2): 16.65±1,75; Xc (ohms): 63.92±9.6; R (ohms): 749±75.26. For analysis, the children were stratified into three groups for each gender, being divided by ages: 4 to 23 months; 24 to 71 months and 72 to 129 months. Linear regression analysis showed R had a significant progressive decrease with age (p=0.0003) while Xc had a progressive increase (p=0.0065) with age increase. We analyzed by multiple regression the associations between R and Xc with anthropometric variables by age group to establish the reference values, confidence intervals and the tolerance limits for a new individual observation.
Conclusion: The BI reference values were established, in a field where there is a relative lack of publications, and we collected relevant information about resistance and reactance in a population of middle income setting that could be used in epidemiologic studies and could be used reference value in children with altered body composition.
Comparative Study of Nebulization with Salbutamol vs Saline Solution at the Acute Phase of Bronchiolitis of 100 Children Aged 1 to 23 Months
Authors: Mebrouk Nadia , Hafidi Naima El , Benbrahim Fadoua , Benchekroun Soumia , Mahraoui Chafiq 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Infant bronchiolitis is the most common acute viral infection infection of the lower respiratory tract in children. Many pharmacological interventions have been suggested, including bronchodilators, yet the efficacy of bronchodilators in the treatment of this infection is still controversial.
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of nebulization of salbutamol vs. saline solution in the acute phase of bronchiolitis.
Materials and Methods: Using a randomized selection process, 52 infant patients received salbutamol, and 48 received a saline solution. The patients included in the study were aged 1 to 23 months and presented with their first episode of wheezing. During patient selection, we excluded children who were asthmatic or had other pulmonary issues prior to their bronchiolitis episode. Three nebulizations were performed for each patient, at one-hour intervals, after admission to the hospital. Wang's score and oxygen saturation were recorded for each patient on arrival, then at 30 minutes after each nebulization.
Results and Conclusion: During the treatment period (which lasts three hours), the mean Wang score decreased from 7 to 3.5, and the mean oxygen saturation increased from 92.5% to 95.6%. Statistical analysis of the data, based on a parametric statistical test of the Student type (T-test), shows that there is no significant difference between nebulization with salbutamol and those given saline solution. The evolution of the clinical scores leads to the general conclusion that we cannot recommend using salbutamol nebulization over saline solution for the treatment of bronchiolitis.
Effect of Cropping System under Tillage and Mulching on Soil Physical Properties and Water Use Efficiency by Maize (Zea mays L.) in Southern Benin
Authors: Kouelo Alladassi Félix , Agonvinon Mahugnon Socrate , Avakoudjo Julien , Akplo Tobi Moriaque , Houngnandan Pascal , Azontonde Hessou Anastase 
Published: September 2020

In agriculture, water has become a limiting factor because of the effects of climate change felt by farmers. This situation seriously compromises agricultural production through pockets of drought, delayed and early cessation of rains and then an increase in the length of the dry season.
Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effect of tillage and vegetative mulch on soil physical properties and maize water use efficiency in ferralitic soil of southern Benin.
Study Design: The Factorial Complete Randomized Block Design with 4 repetitions was implemented.
Place and Duration of Study: The experimental site is located at Allada, in southern Benin, and conducted between May 2017 and July 2017.
Methodology: Tillage (No-tillage, flat tillage) and straw mulch rate (0%, 50%, 75% soil cover) and their interaction was been tested during this study. The physical properties of soil and maize water use efficiency were determined.
Results: Tillage significantly reduced soil temperature by 2.65% and improved soil permeability by 60%. Tillage also significantly improved water use efficiency for maize grain from 3.88 to 7.88 kg.mm-1.ha-1 and for maize biomass from 12.67to 23.31 kg.mm-1.ha-1. Mulching significantly improved soil moisture from 11.54% to 13.13%, water use efficiency for maize grain from 4.26 to 7.58kg.mm-1.ha-1 and for maize biomass from 14.50 to 22.05 kg.mm-1.ha-1. Mulching also significantly reduced soil temperature by 11%. The combination of tillage and mulching significantly improved water use efficiency for maize grain and biomass production. The highest water use efficiency (8.87 kg.mm-1.ha-1 for maize grain and 25.17 kg.mm-1.ha-1 for maize biomass) was achieved with tillage combined with mulching at 75% soil cover. The interaction between these two factors significantly reduced soil temperature by 11.30% (tillage combined with mulch at 75% soil cover) compared to control (no-tillage and no-mulch).
Conclusion: This study showed that tillage and mulching at 50% or 75% soil cover improves soil physical properties and water use efficiency for maize production in the context of climate change.