bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Heel Bone Mineral Density With Incident Disability and Mortality in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Ross Ryan D , Shah Raj C , Leurgans Sue E , Buchman Aron S , Bennett David A 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTAge‐related bone loss is common in older adults. However, the association of low bone mass with incident disability and mortality is not well established. A sample of 738 participants in the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) was evaluated at baseline for bone mineral density (BMD) using quantitative ultrasound at the calcaneus. An annual interview assessed basic activities of daily living (BADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), mobility disability, and history of hip fracture. The associations between baseline BMD and risk of death; incident BADL, IADL, and mobility disability; and hip fracture were investigated using Cox hazard models, adjusting for age, sex, education, race, and body mass index (BMI). The robustness of our findings was evaluated by adjusting for confounding factors and health conditions including joint pain, musculoskeletal medications, smoking status, motor function, global cognition, falls, cardiovascular events, and diabetes. Participants were on average (mean ± SD) 80.9 ± 7.0 years old, 72% female, and 3.8% black, with a baseline BMI of 27.3 ± 5.4 kg/m2, and a baseline of BMD of 0.44 ± 0.14 g/cm2. In models adjusted for age, sex, education, race, and BMI, lower BMD was associated with a higher rate of death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.33), incident BADL disability (HR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.05–1.37), and hip fracture (HR 2.57; 95% CI, 1.72–3.82), but not of IADL disability (HR 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85–1.17) or mobility disability (HR 1.13; 95% CI, 0.97–1.32). The association between BMD and mortality was not significant in fully adjusted models, but the BMD and BADL associations remained significant in models adjusting for both demographic variables and BMD‐modifying health conditions. BMD is associated with incident disability in older adults. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
has_circ_CCNB1 and has_circ_0009024 function as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chen Xiangfei , Yin Jingjing , Zhang Fang , Xiao Tiantian , Zhao Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to be associated with various diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of present study was to investigate the clinical value of has_circ_CCNB1 and has_circ_0009024 in T2DM. Serum samples from patients with T2DM (n = 166) and healthy volunteers (n = 166) were recruited. Then, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analysis and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays were conducted to detect the expression levels of circRNAs and inflammatory factors. Furthermore, the correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. From the results, circ_CCNB1 was significantly increased while circ_0009024 was decreased in serum samples from T2DM patients. Moreover, has_circ_CCNB1 was positively correlated with glucose (GLU), glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) while has_circ_0009024 was negatively correlated with them. Importantly, the AUC of has_circ_CCNB1 and has_and circ_0009024 was 0.9255 (95% CI = 0.8909‐0.9601) and 0.9592 (95% CI = 0.9381‐0.9803), while the AUC of combinative curve is 0.8875 (95% CI = 0.8204‐0.8547). In a word, has_circ_CCNB1 and has_circ_0009024 may exhibit as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of T2DM.
Comparison of different virtual chromoendoscopy classification systems for the characterization of colorectal lesions
Authors: Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Leonardo , Yamamura Takeshi , Nakamura Masanao , Koay Doreen S C , Ovenden Amanda , Edwards Suzanne , Burt Alastair D , Hirooka Yoshiki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Singh Rajvinder 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimCommonly used classifications for colorectal lesions (CLs) include the Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) and Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) classifications. However, both lack a sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) category. This has been addressed by the modified Sano's (MS) and Workgroup serrAted polypS and Polyposis (WASP) classifications. This study aims to compare the accuracy of wNICE and wJNET (WASP added to both) with the stand‐alone MS classification.MethodsPatients undergoing colonoscopy at an Australian tertiary hospital who had at least one CL detected were prospectively enrolled. In the exploratory phase, CLs were characterized in real time with NBI and magnification using all classifications. In the validation phase, CLs were assessed with both NBI and Blue Laser Imaging (BLI) by four external endoscopists in Japan. The primary outcome was the comparison of wJNET and MS. Secondary outcomes included comparisons among all classifications and the calculation of interrater reliability.ResultsA total of 483 CLs were evaluated in real time in the exploratory phase, and four sets of 30 CL images (80 on NBI and 40 on BLI) were scored in the validation phase. For high‐confidence diagnoses, MS accuracy was superior to wJNET in both the exploratory (86% vs 79%, P < 0.05) and validation (85% vs 69%, P < 0.05) phases. The interrater reliability was substantial for all classifications (κ = 0.74, 0.69, and 0.63 for wNICE, wJNET, and MS, respectively).ConclusionsMS classification achieved the highest accuracy in both the exploratory and validation phases. MS can differentiate serrated and adenomatous polyps as a stand‐alone classification.
Inaccurate pretreatment staging can impact survival in early stage esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Scholer Anthony J. , Uppal Abhineet , Chang Shu‐Ching , Ghosh Debopriya , Garland‐ Kledzik Mary , Santamaria‐Barria Juan , Khader Adam , Dehal Ahmed , Fischer Trevan , Goldfarb Melanie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundGiven the survival advantage of neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer, accurate clinical staging is necessary. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical (c) and pathologic (p) staging concordance rates for presumably early stage esophageal adenocarcinoma patients that had upfront esophagectomy (UFE) and evaluate if survival (OS) was negatively affected by inaccurate preoperative staging and subsequent treatment selection.MethodsAn NCDB retrospective review of nonmetastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma patients that had UFE. The rates of concordance between c and p staging system and OS were calculated.ResultsOf 2775 patients, most patients presented with cN0 (82.8%) and cT1 tumors (53.6%). The overall concordance between c and p staging was 78.8% for T‐classification (moderate agreement; weighted κ = 0.729; P < .001) and 78.8% for N‐classification (weak agreement; weighted κ = 0.448; P < .001). Patients that were upstaged due to a lack of concordance between T‐classification had decreased 5‐ and 10‐year OS (30% and 16%, P < .001) and those upstaged due to discordant N‐classification had decreased 5‐ and 10‐year OS (28% and 23%, P < .001).”ConclusionsPreoperative staging of esophageal adenocarcinoma has moderate reliability and accuracy for predicting pT and pN classification. Up to 25% of patients have discordant clinical and pathological staging, which impacts OS.
Axillary management for patients with breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Results of a survey among Brazilian breast surgeons
Authors: Frasson Antônio L. , Resende Heloísa M. , Lichtenfels Martina , Barbosa Fernanda , de Souza Alessadra B. A. , Miranda Isabela , Falcone Ana B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there are broadly differing patterns in the management of the axilla after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and no consensus with clinically strong evidence on the subject. A survey was performed to assess the current axillary management after NAC among Brazilian breast cancer surgeons.MethodsThe Brazilian Society of Mastology members were invited by email to complete an anonymous online survey and a total of 426 responses were collected.ResultsThe majority of responders (67%) indicated performing routine axillary staging by physical exam, ultrasound, and fine needle biopsy in case of a suspicious node before NAC. Among breast surgeons working in the Brazilian Public Unified Health System, 11.3% answered that sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is not reasonable after NAC in their services. Seventy‐seven responders (18.2%) reported performing SLNB instead of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) only in patients who are clinically node‐negative before NAC. Axillary complete pathologic response is necessary to omit ALND for 42.8% of responders. The molecular profile of a breast tumor is not considered when choosing axillary management after NAC for 73.7% of responders.ConclusionsOur survey highlighted the trend towards de‐escalation of axillary surgery and observed high heterogeneity in axillary management after chemotherapy in a group of brazilian breast surgeons.
Should Oral Corticosteroids be Used in Medical Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis? A Risk Analysis
Authors: Leung Randy M. , Smith Timothy L. , Kern Robert C. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Harvey Richard J. , Conley David B. , Lee John M. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesOral corticosteroid (OCS) as a part of appropriate medical therapy (AMT) (formerly maximal medical therapy) in chronic rhinosinusitis remains controversial. While the risks of OCS are well known, the benefit remains unclear due the absence of a standardized prescribing regimen. Consequently, it is difficult to characterize whether the risks of OCS and its ability to avert endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are helpful in AMT. When OCS is highly effective at averting surgery, the lesser risks of OCS would be justified because it can avoid the greater risks of ESS. When OCS is poorly effective at averting ESS, the risks of OCS would not be justified because many patients will be exposed to both risks. This study seeks to identify the threshold effectiveness of OCS at averting ESS that would minimize risk exposure to patients.MethodsA probabilistic risks‐based decision analysis was constructed from literature reported incidences and impacts of adverse events of OCS and ESS. Monte Carlo analysis was performed to identify the minimum effectiveness required to avoid further intervention (MERAFI) for chronic sinusitis without nasal polyp (CRSsNP) and chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP).ResultsThe analysis showed MERAFI results of 20.8% (95% CI 20.7–20.9%) for CRSsNP and 16.8% (95% CI 16.7–16.9%) for CRSwNP.ConclusionsGiven reported OCS effectiveness in the range of 34–71% in CRSsNP and 46–63% in CRSwNP, this analysis suggests that the inclusion of OCS in AMT may be the lower risk strategy.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 131:473–481, 2021
Hydrogen‐Bonded Films for Zero‐Order Release of Leuprolide
Authors: Fu Mian , Zhuang Xiaomei , Zhang Tianhong , Guan Ying , Meng Qingbin , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLeuprolide has been widely used in androgen deprivation therapy for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, but its use is still limited due to its short half‐life. Herein, hydrogen‐bonded layer‐by‐layer films are fabricated from PEGylated leuprolide (PEG‐LEU) and tannic acid (TA). Because of its dynamic nature, the film disintegrates gradually in water and releases PEG‐LEU and TA. The in vitro release profile indicated perfect zero‐order kinetics, which is explained by the unique release mechanism. When implanted subcutaneously in male rats, the films maintain a constant serum drug level. For a 60‐bilayer film, the serum drug level is maintained constant for ≈24 days. No initial burst release is observed, suggesting that the in vivo release also follows zero‐order kinetics. Initially, an increase in the level of serum testosterone is induced by the released drug, followed by testosterone suppression to a constant level below the castrate level, which could be maintained as long as a constant serum drug level is maintained. Since the new drug carriers avoid an initial burst release of the drug and maintain a constant serum drug level and hence a constant serum testosterone level below the castrate level, these carriers are highly promising for androgen deprivation therapy.
Depth and extremal Betti number of binomial edge ideals
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Sarkar Rajib 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLet G be a simple graph on the vertex set [n] and let be the corresponding binomial edge ideal. Let be the cone of v on H. In this article, we compute all the Betti numbers of in terms of the Betti numbers of and as a consequence, we get the Betti diagram of wheel graph. Also, we study Cohen–Macaulay defect of in terms of Cohen–Macaulay defect of and using this we construct a graph with Cohen–Macaulay defect q for any . We obtain the depth of binomial edge ideal of join of graphs. Also, we prove that for any pair of positive integers with , there exists a connected graph G such that and the number of extremal Betti numbers of is b.
Small noncoding RNA sRNA0426 is involved in regulating biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Yin Luoping , Zhu Wenhui , Chen Dongru , Zhou Yan , Lin Huancai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvidence suggests that small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are involved in the complex regulatory networks governing biofilm formation. Few studies have investigated the role of sRNAs in Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). In the present study, the association between sRNA and biofilm formation in S. mutans was explored. sRNAs that are differentially expressed in the biofilm and planktonic states of this bacterium were identified by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to investigate the characteristics of biofilm formation in a standard strain of S. mutans (UA159, ATCC 700610) and ten clinical strains. Bioinformatics analyses were employed to predict and examine potential sRNA regulatory pathways. The results showed that sRNA0426 has a strong positive relationship with dynamic biofilm formation. Moreover, sRNA0426 expression was positively correlated with exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. Bioinformatics analyses showed that sRNA0426 is involved in biofilm formation such as metabolic pathways, especially carbon metabolism. Five target mRNAs (GtfB, GtfC, GtfD, ComE, and CcpA) involved in the synthesis of EPS were selected for further evaluation; the expression levels of three of these mRNAs (GtfB, GtfC, and CcpA) were positively correlated with sRNA0426 expression levels, and the expression level of one (ComE) was negatively correlated. In conclusion, the results suggested that sRNA0426 may play an important and positive role in the biofilm formation of S. mutans and provide novel insight into the S. mutans biofilm regulatory network.
A gradient optimization toolbox for general purpose time‐optimal MRI gradient waveform design
Authors: Loecher Michael , Middione Matthew J. , Ennis Daniel B. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo introduce and demonstrate a software library for time‐optimal gradient waveform optimization with a wide range of applications. The software enables direct on‐the‐fly gradient waveform design on the scanner hardware for multiple vendors.MethodsThe open‐source gradient optimization (GrOpt) toolbox was implemented in C with both Matlab and Python wrappers. The toolbox enables gradient waveforms to be generated based on a set of constraints that define the features and encodings for a given acquisition. The GrOpt optimization routine is based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Additional constraints enable error corrections to be added, or patient comfort and safety to be adressed. A range of applications and compute speed metrics are analyzed. Finally, the method is implemented and tested on scanners from different vendors.ResultsTime‐optimal gradient waveforms for different pulse sequences and the constraints that define them are shown. Additionally, the ability to add, arbitrary motion (gradient moment) compensation or limit peripheral nerve stimulation is demonstrated. There exists a trade‐off between computation time and gradient raster time, but it was observed that acceptable gradient waveforms could be generated in 1‐40 ms. Gradient waveforms generated and run on the different scanners were functionally equivalent, and the images were comparable.ConclusionsGrOpt is an open source toolbox that enables on‐the‐fly optimization of gradient waveform design, subject to a set of defined constraints. GrOpt was presented for a range of imaging applications, analyzed in terms of computational complexity, and implemented to run on the scanner for a multi‐vendor demonstration.
Nanostructured electrocatalysts for electrochemical carboxylation with CO2
Authors: Lu Yuxuan , Zou Yuqin , Zhao Weixing , Wang Minxue , Li Chongyang , Liu Siming , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectrocarboxylation of organic compounds with CO2, using electrons as clean reductants under ambient conditions, is a readily available and efficient method to transform organic molecules to high‐value carboxylates with nearly 100% atom efficiency. However, the selectivity of the electrochemical reactions is still limited, the real reactive sites for electrocarboxylation; the relationship between the geometrical/electronic structure and the catalytic performance is unclear. Meanwhile, the development of nanomaterials brings new prospects and orientation for the electrocarboxylation due to the desired high surface area and abundant active sites. In this review, we focus on the summary of recent work on the design of nanostructured electrocatalysts and the reaction mechanisms of electrocarboxylation. Mainly, we highlight the influence of different electrocatalyst structures on a variety of organic molecule adsorption. Finally, some challenges were proposed to explore advanced electrocatalysts and the deeper reactive mechanism for electrocarboxylation.
Compact block boundary value methods for semi‐linear delay‐reaction–diffusion equations with algebraic constraints
Authors: Yan Xiaoqiang , Zhang Chengjian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, we study a class of linear approximation methods for solving semi‐linear delay‐reaction–diffusion equations with algebraic constraint (SDEACs). By combining a fourth‐order compact difference scheme with block boundary value methods (BBVMs), a class of compact block boundary value methods (CBBVMs) for SDEACs are suggested. It is proved under some suitable conditions that the CBBVMs are convergent of order 4 in space and order p in time, where p is the local order of the used BBVMs, and are globally stable. With several numerical experiments for Fisher equation with delay and algebraic constraint, the computational effectiveness and theoretical results of CBBVMs are further illustrated.
Adaptive fuzzy finite‐time optimal control for switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Fan Yanli , Li Yongming 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article addresses the adaptive fuzzy finite‐time control problem for a class of switched nonlinear systems whose powers are positive odd rational numbers and vary with the switching signal. The fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are used to approximate the unknown nonlinearities of the controlled systems, and then by combining backstepping control algorithm with adding a power integrator technique, an adaptive finite‐time controller is designed. By modifying and optimizing the relevant design parameters of the proposed adaptive finite‐time controller, a novel adaptive finite‐time optimal control approach is developed. The proposed two adaptive finite‐time optimal control schemes can guarantee semi‐globally practically finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system. Moreover, the adaptive finite‐time optimal controller can also achieve optimized performance in relation to the cost functional. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed two adaptive finite‐time control strategies.
Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis treated with multimodal therapy improves coagulopathy and reduces blood angiopoietin‐2 levels
Authors: Crane Janet , Manfredo Jackie , Boscolo Elisa , Coyan Mara , Takemoto Clifford , Itkin Maxim , Adams Denise M. , Le Cras Timothy D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) is a rare, life‐threatening congenital lymphatic malformation. Diagnosis is often delayed due to complex indistinct symptoms. Blood angiopoietin‐2 (ANG2) levels are elevated in KLA and may be useful as a biomarker to monitor disease status. We report a 7‐year‐old male child with easy bruising, inguinal swelling, and consumptive coagulopathy, diagnosed with KLA. A multimodal treatment regimen of prednisone, sirolimus, vincristine, and adjunctive zoledronate was used. Plasma ANG2 levels were highly elevated at diagnosis but decreased during treatment. The patient showed significant clinical improvement over a 38‐month period and normalization of ANG2 levels correlated with resolution of the coagulopathy.
Sex differences in the acceptability and short‐term outcomes of a web‐based personalized feedback alcohol intervention for high school seniors
Authors: Doumas Diana M. , Esp Susan , Turrisi Rob , Bond Laura , Porchia Sherise , Flay Brian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite the escalation of alcohol use through high school, the majority of research on school‐based alcohol interventions has been conducted with junior high students or first and second‐year high school students. Preliminary research indicates a brief, web‐based personalized feedback intervention developed for college students (eCHECKUP TO GO) may be a promising program for high school seniors. Although these studies demonstrate positive intervention effects, there is some evidence for greater program efficacy for females in this age group. The current study investigates sex differences in program acceptability of the eCHECKUP TO GO and its relationship to short‐term alcohol outcomes among high school seniors (N = 135). Overall, the majority of students reported they found the program to be acceptable (i.e., user‐friendly and useful). However, contrary to our hypothesis, results indicated that male students reported significantly higher perceptions of program acceptability than females. Although we did not find sex differences in alcohol outcomes, program user‐friendliness was related to reductions in alcohol use for males. The results of this study add to the literature supporting the eCHECKUP TO GO for high school seniors and highlight the importance of program user‐friendliness for males. Implications for implementing the program as a school‐based intervention are discussed.