bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RIGHT VENTRICULAR MONOPHASIC ACTION POTENTIALS DURING REGULAR RHYTHM
Authors: Olsson S. Bertil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRight ventricular monophasic action potential (MAP) has been recorded during spontaneous regular rhythm in 27 out of 28 patients investigated with MAP recording technique. In addition 14 recordings of right ventricular MAP were obtained in 12 of the patients during pacing‐induced tachycardia. There is a good agreement between duration of right ventricular MAP and QT time in the absence of conduction defects. A higher heart rate is associated with a shortening of the duration of the MAP, both in individual cases during pacing‐induced tachycardia and in a patient group. A decreased duration of MAP recorded during spontaneous rhythm is due to shortening of phases 1–2 and 3 as well as increased repolarization rates during these phases. The shortening of a MAP induced by atrial pacing is not accompanied by a general increase of repolarization rate of phase 3, possibly due to lack of increased sympathetic discharge. Acute digitalization is accompanied by a shortening of the duration of the MAP in spite of decreased heart rate.
LIVER CHANGES IN MEDICO‐LEGAL AUTOPSIES IN ADDIS/ABABA, ETHIOPIA
Authors: Hofvander Yngve , Olding Lars , Westermark Per 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLiver specimens obtained at autopsy from 161 Ethiopians in the Addis Ababa region have been examined. The subjects belonged to two consecutive series of medico‐legal autopsies at the Department of Pathology at the Menelik Hospital. They represented 94% of all traumatic deaths examined at the hospital during the two periods; 91% of the subjects were males, 55% of the total series were between 20 and 39 years of age. Road accidents and criminal assaults accounted for 70% of the deaths. Cirrhosis was found in 3.7% and portal fibrosis in another 6.2%. In only 3 out of 16 cases was the portal fibrosis or cirrhosis accompanied by fatty changes, Schistosoma infestation, and haemosiderosis, respectively. The over‐all rate of fatty changes was 4.3%. Haemosiderosis was found in 4 cases (2.5%), and considering the high intake of iron in the Ethiopian food an even higher frequency might have been anticipated. Haemosiderosis was combined with fatty changes in three cases and with cirrhosis in one case. Granulomata were found in 15 cases (9.3%). One of them was probably caused by tuberculosis and two by Schistosoma infestation, while the etiology of the other 12 was unexplained.
CALIBRATED HYPOXEMIA TEST IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND CORONARY PATIENTS
Authors: Broch Ole Jacob 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 13 patients with angina pectoris and 5 normal subjects hypoxemia tests have been carried out, with continual registration of the arterial O2 saturation and ECG. A gradual depression of the T wave was found during hypoxemia in most cases. There was no difference in the pattern found in normal subjects and coronary patients. The S‐T depression during hypoxemia was not found in the normal subjects. In 6 patients with angina pectoris the S‐T change occurred in the course of 3–4 min, at somewhat differing degrees of saturation, depending on the degree of angina pectoris. When the mask was removed, the arterial saturation rose rapidly in the course of approximately 30–40 sec. In most cases the ECG was normalized before saturation was complete. In a few cases the ECG changes persisted for some minutes before full saturation occurred. On repeated tests in the same patient the S‐T changes occurred within the same saturation range. The deviation was, on the average, 2.4%. On administration of nitroglycerine the tolerance of the myocardium to hypoxemia increased, the S‐T depression occurring only at considerably lower degrees of saturation and normalization occurring more rapidly. It therefore seems that a calibrated hypoxemia test with continuous O2 registration is capable of giving a standardized and reproducible registration of the degree of coronary insufficiency. This test will also permit the registration of the effect of medication on coronary insufficiency.
LACTIC ACIDOSIS IN PHENFORMIN‐TREATED DIABETICS
Authors: Bengtsson Kristina , Karlberg Bengt , Lindgren Sören 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrom a fairly large clinical material of diabetics treated with the antidiabetic drug phenformin 21 patients showed clinical and laboratory evidence of lactic acidosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by direct and specific determinations of lactate (L) and pyruvate (P) in 15 of the patients. All of them showed raised L and P levels with a raised L/P ratio. All remaining six patients had severe metabolic acidosis with low pH values and increased so called “anion gap”. Predisposing factors in patients developing lactic acidosis on phenformin treatment seem to be impaired renal and liver function, in some cases also alcohol consumption and interaction with other drugs. The mortality rate is high despite intensive treatment, in the present material 33%. It is concluded that phenformin therapy is contraindicated in diabetics with impaired renal or liver function. The treatment dose also seems to be of importance. The prognosis depends on early diagnosis and intensive treatment with bicarbonate intravenously, probably also in combination with administration of insulin and glucose. The exact role of phenformin in causing lactic acidosis is not known, but probable mechanisms are discussed.
C‐CELLS IN NON‐MALIGNANT HUMAN GOITERS STUDIED IN FINE‐NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY SPECIMENS
Authors: Nilsson Göran 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt was recently shown that in May–Grünwald–Giemsa stained smears obtained from thyroid medullary carcinomas by fine‐needle aspiration the malignant C‐cells have a very distinctive morphology with a bright red cytoplasmic granulation and rather characteristic nuclei as specific features. This enabled the author to detect corresponding cells in fine‐needle aspirates also from nonneoplastic goiters. These presumed C‐cells proved to be more common in toxic goiters than in cases of lymphoid thyroiditis and atoxic goiters without signs of malignancy or thyroiditis. In toxic goiters their occurrence showed a statistically significant positive correlation with the (125I) T3‐uptake. They also were found to be more scarce in older than younger age groups.
THE EFFECT OF METHYLDOPA ON RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Brodwall E. K. , Myhre E. , Stenbæk Ø. , Hansen T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRenal function studies have been performed before and during treatment with methyldopa in ten patients with different degree of renal functional impairment. Effective renal plasma flow increased during treatment in patients both with slight and advanced renal failure. However, ever, the glomerular filtration rate decreased slightly in several cases despite increased renal plasma flow. The renal hemodynamic effects of methyldopa could not be related to the serum concentrations of unconjugated methyldopa. The present study suggests that methyldopa is a useful drug for treatment of hypertension also in patients with impaired renal function. In patients with advanced renal failure the treatment should be given with caution because a further decrease of the glomerular filtration rate might occur.
PROTECTION OF PHAGOCYTIZED BACTERIA AGAINST ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Solberg Claus O. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAntibiotic‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus phagocytized by human neutrophil granulocytes were exposed to a mixture of penicillin G and streptomycin in concentrations from 25 U (25 μg/ml) to 1 000 U (1 000 μg/ml). Phagocytized bacteria were effectively protected from the antibacterial effect of the antibiotics. Considerable numbers of intracellular bacteria remained viable after 20 h exposure to concentrations of antibiotics that killed more than 99% of extracellular bacteria in less than 30 min. Killing of phagocytized bacteria by granulocyte enzymes was effectively inhibited by phenylbutazone. A new method is described for the evaluation of the number of viable intracellular bacteria, using phenylbutazone for the inhibition of intracellular killing of bacteria and high concentrations of antibiotics for the control of extracellular organisms. This method facilitates an in vitro evaluation of the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of neutrophil granulocytes.
IRON–TETRACYCLINE INTERACTION: EFFECT OF TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN THE DRUGS
Authors: Gothoni G. , Neuvonen P. J. , Mattila M. , Hackman R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIron is known to interfere with the absorption of simultaneously taken tetracycline derivatives. The possibility to avoid this interaction, by observing a suitable time interval between the drugs, has been studied on human volunteers using ferrous sulphate and tetracycline. Three consecutive experiments were performed with 25, 20 and 15 volunteers from a pool of 38 healthy medical students. It was found that if iron was given not less than three hours before or two hours after tetracycline no significant interference occurred.
VASCULAR RESISTANCE IN HYPOTHERMICALLY PERFUSED KIDNEYS FOLLOWING ONE HOUR OF WARM ISCHAEMIA
Authors: Løkkegaard Hans , Bilde Torben 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe vascular resistance in hypothermically perfused rabbit kidneys following one hour of warm ischaemia has been investigated in 45 experiments. As perfusate medium was used 5% low molecular weight dextran in balanced salt solution (TIS‐U‐SOL) to which 5 mg% papaverine was added. One hour of warm ischaemia following death (cardiac arrest) either by suffocation or bleeding, and with an agonal phase from 3 to 15 min, increased the vascular resistance about three times compared to a group with only a short period of warm ischaemia. Clamping of the renal artery for one hour revealed a similar increase in the vascular resistance, while simultaneous clamping of the renal artery and vein only increased the vascular resistance by about one‐third compared to the group with a short period of warm ischaemia. Heparinization of the animals before a one‐hour ischaemic period prevented a pronounced increase in the vascular resistance during the first 10 to 20 min of perfusion.
A STROKE REGISTER IN GÖTEBORG, SWEDEN
Authors: Harmsen Per , Tibblin Gösta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn January 1970 a Stroke Register was established in Göteborg, Sweden, covering all cases of acute cerebrovascular incidents occurring in inhabitants of the city born in 1904 and later. This was initiated by the success of the existing Myocardial Infarction Register and constitutes an autonomous but integral part of the Heart Control Programme of Göteborg that has been in progress since 1968 and is partly supported by the WHO. The method of registration and the results from the initial 6‐month period (Jan. 1st – June 30th, 1970) are presented. From all cases of stroke notified clinically through hospital contact (all acute disease manifestations are traditionally served centrally at the one major hospital of the city) and from cases additionally detected through autopsy recordings and death certificates, various information was collected. This consisted of a selection of personal data, previous medical history of cardiovascular diseases, clinical findings on admission, routine laboratory results, and findings at special neurological examinations. The results show a total number of 102 registered cases and a male/female ratio in these age groups of nearly 2 : 1. The rale of co‐existent cardiovascular diseases was found to be high when compared with prevalence data of two running population studies for men and women from Göteborg of similar ages. Other data obtained gave rise to several indications of association with various clinical factors, though the limited numbers of patients do not allow any conclusions so far. It is concluded that the establishment of a stroke register seems a prerequisite as a basic measurement tool in order further to describe the natural history of stroke in a community and to assess preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitation measures both for the present hospital‐oriented and for implementation of an eventual community stroke control programme.
PANCREATIC EXOCRINE FUNCTION AND D‐XYLOSE TEST IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM
Authors: Carlsson Carl , Dehlin Ove 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPancreatic exocrine function has been assessed from determinations of trypsin concentration in duodenal aspirate after a standardized test meal in 18 patients with long‐standing and well documented chronic alcoholism. The results did not differ significantly from those obtained in 22 controls. The d‐xylose test, as an index of the absorptive capacity of the small bowel, was performed in 60 patients with chronic alcoholism and showed a significantly increased urinary excretion of d‐xylose in comparison to 28 healthy controls. The d‐xylose test was also performed in 9 patients with chronic alcoholism on admission and at discharge about 10 days later. No statistical difference was found between the results obtained on the two occasions.
A PILOT CLINICAL STUDY ON YERSINIOSES IN SOUTH‐EASTERN FINLAND
Authors: Hällström Kalevi , Sairanen Eero , Ohela Kyllikki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractYersinia agglutinins and—when suitable samples were available—also cultural and histological evidence of Yersinia infections have been searched for from 400 hospital patients during the period 1965–70 at Lappeenranta, Finland. In 31 of them immune responses compatible with infections caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YP) serotypes I, II, III or V or Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) serotypes 3 or 9 were found. In seven patients the diagnosis was confirmed by cultural or histological findings. YE serotype 9 was involved in 20 cases. Of the 31 patients 19 had disease states commonly regarded as immunological late effects of bacterial infections. Such states included erythema nodosum, temporary arthritides or arthralgias and also pulmonary changes resembling sarcoidosis. The joint symptoms met in children were indistinguishable from so‐called benign aseptic arthritis. One patient had a typical Löfgren's syndrome.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN MALMÖ 1960–1968
Authors: Johansson Bengt W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMalmö is unusually well suited for studies on the frequency of a disease since the whole population of about a quarter of a million inhabitants is served by a single hospital. The case records from the Department of Medicine were perused and those with a definite diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were collected. The hospital material comprised 3 249 patients with a mean age at onset of 67 years (65 years for the 2 166 males and 72 for the 1 083 females). The incidence was found to increase with age, the rise being more pronounced in the higher than in the lower decades. There was an overrepresentation of patients with diabetes mellitus, and mortality was higher among these patients than in the whole hospital material. The hospital mortality for AMI was 33.1%, 30.4 for men and 38.5 for women, the latter higher figure being due to the higher mean age of the women. Rather pronounced yearly differences in mortality were observed, with a low of 27.9% in 1964 and a high of 38.9% in 1966. Thirty‐five per cent of the patients arrived at the hospital within 3 hours after onset of symptoms, but the mean delay was 31 hours. The mortality figure of 33.1% is misleadingly low because many patients die before they reach hospital. Including patients who died at home and were autopsied in the Department of Forensic Medicine, and those who were dead on arrival at the hospital, the mortality rose to 43%. The importance of preventive measures as a complement to the coronary care units is stressed.
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Authors: Böttiger L. E. , Westerholm B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn analysis has been made of 359 patients with thrombocytopenia—from a health service region in Sweden—in respect of sex, age, cause and course. The incidence of thrombocytopenia is 4.5 male and 7.4 female cases per 100 000 inhabitants and annum. In contradistinction to earlier reports, a large number of cases occur at high ages, probably due in particular to an increase in the number of drug‐induced cases. Drugs have caused 18% of all cases, but the main group (47%) must still, in the absence of an established cause, be denoted as idiopathic.
3D Nanotomography of calcium silicate hydrates by transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Viseshchitra Panod , Ercius Peter , Monteiro Paulo J. M. , Scott Mary , Ushizima Daniela , Li Jiaqi , Xu Ke , Wenk Hans‐Rudolf 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCalcium silicate hydrate (C‐S‐H), is the principal hydration product of Portland cement that mainly contributes to the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. This paper aims to investigate the three‐dimensional structure of C‐S‐H with Ca/Si ratios of 1.0 and 1.6 at the nanoscale using electron tomography. The 3D reconstructions and selected region of interest analysis confirm that the morphology of both C‐S‐H materials are foil‐like structures. The difference between the two materials is the density of elongated structures. C‐S‐H with Ca/Si ratio 1.6 is clearly composed of denser particles compared to the other C‐S‐H material due to overlapping of the foil‐like structure. Pore analysis shows that C‐S‐H 1.0 and C‐S‐H 1.6 have porosities 69.2% and 49.8% respectively. Pore size distribution also reveals that C‐S‐H 1.0 has pore size range between 0‐250 nm and C‐S‐H 1.6 between 0‐100 nm. The pore network's size of C‐S‐H 1.0 is significantly larger than 1.6. This study illustrates the capability of using electron tomography to determine the 3D nanoscale structure of cementitious products and to distinguish between C‐S‐H 1.0 and 1.6.
Community lifespan, niche expansion and the evolution of interspecific cooperation
Authors: Rodrigues António M. M. , Estrela Sylvie , Brown Sam P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrobes live in dense and diverse communities where they deploy many traits that promote the growth and survival of neighbouring species, all the while also competing for shared resources. Because microbial communities are highly dynamic, the costs and benefits of species interactions change over the growth cycle of a community. How mutualistic interactions evolve under such demographic and ecological conditions is still poorly understood. Here, we develop an eco‐evolutionary model to explore how different forms of helping with distinct fitness effects (rate‐enhancing and yield‐enhancing) affect the multiple phases of community growth, and its consequences for the evolution of mutualisms. We specifically focus on a form of yield‐enhancing trait in which cooperation augments the common pool of resources, termed niche expansion. We show that although mutualisms in which cooperation increases partners growth rate are generally favoured at early stages of community growth, niche expansion can evolve at later stages where densities are high. Further, we find that niche expansion can promote the evolution of reproductive restraint, in which a focal species adaptively reduces its own growth rate to increase the density of partner species. Our findings suggest that yield‐enhancing mutualisms are more prevalent in stable habitats with a constant supply of resources, and where populations typically live at high densities. In general, our findings highlight the need to integrate different components of population growth in the analysis of mutualisms to understand the composition and function of microbial communities.
FibroScan–aspartate aminotransferase score in an Asian cohort of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and its utility in predicting histological resolution with bariatric surgery
Authors: Anand Abhinav , Elhence Anshuman , Vaishnav Manas , Singh Amit Anurag , Rajput Mahendra Singh , Banyal Vikas , Jindal Vikas , Pathak Piyush , Kumar Peeyush , Nayak Baibaswata , Yadav Rajni , Das Prasenjit , Garg Harshit , Agarwal Lokesh , Aggarwal Sandeep , Kumar Ramesh , Shalimar  
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe FibroScan–aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score was developed for identifying patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, who also have an elevated non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS) ≥ 4 and significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2). We aimed to validate it in our NAFLD cohort and assess if it correlates with the histological changes after bariatric surgery.MethodsPatients with NAFLD, including those undergoing bariatric surgery, were included. The FAST score was calculated using liver stiffness measure, controlled attenuation parameter, and aspartate aminotransferase. Calibration and discrimination of the model were assessed by calibration plots and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed at the rule‐out and rule‐in cutoffs (≤0.35 and ≥0.67), respectively. Changes in the NAS and FAST scores were compared in the bariatric cohort 1 year after surgery.ResultsThe cohort composed of 309 patients, of which 48 patients underwent repeat liver biopsy at 1 year. The model showed good discrimination with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.79 (0.74–0.84); however, it was not satisfactorily calibrated (Hosmer–Lemeshow test, P = 0.008). The sensitivity and specificity at the rule‐out and rule‐in cutoffs were 0.90 and 0.84, respectively. A significant correlation was seen between the 1‐year reduction in the NAS and FAST scores (r = 0.38, P = 0.009). A significant reduction in the median FAST score was seen in patients who had ≥2‐point reduction in NAS after bariatric surgery.ConclusionFibroScan–aspartate aminotransferase score demonstrated good discrimination for fibrotic non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in our cohort. However, a miscalibration resulted in overprediction. The score correlated well with the histological response to interventions for NAFLD.
Fate of abstracts from American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery Annual Meetings
Authors: Beltrami Eric J. , Feng Hao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery (ASLMS) Annual Meeting provides a unique platform for the dissemination of research in laser and energy‐based technologies, which are regularly utilized in cosmetic dermatology. We sought to elucidate the fate of the abstracts presented at ASLMS meetings over 3 years.MethodsWe conducted a literature search for all abstracts presented at ASLMS meetings in 2013, 2014, and 2015 to determine publication rate, latency to publication, and journals of publication.ResultsThe publication rate of abstracts presented at the 2013, 2014, and 2015 ASLMS meetings was 50.3%, 49.1%, and 43.5%, respectively. Average latency to publication was 16.1 months across these three years. Publication outcomes differed across general discipline, abstract type, poster category, clinical focus, and study design.ConclusionOur findings provide insight into the likelihood of publication, as well as potential contributing factors, for abstracts presented at ASLMS. With about half of all abstracts reaching publication, our study highlights the significant volume of research presented at this unique meeting that does not reach a broader audience through publication and thus is limited in its potential clinical applications in cosmetic dermatology.