bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bald Ibis From Eagle Understanding A Historical City From The Traditional Craftmanship Language
Authors: Kasapoglu Aytul 
Published: January 2020

The name and purpose of this work was inspired by the fact C.Wright Mills (1959) described sociology as an “Intellectual Craftsmanship” . The main aim is to examine traditional craft figurations (Elias, 1939; 2000) in a historical city (Mugla), which I find appropriate to explain with workshop metaphor. Paul Thompson (1978), when he says to hear the voice of the past, underlines the importance of the bottom up historical approach, ordinary people and everyday events in the construction of a more democratic and egalitarian future. In this study, it was paid attention to the changes in both time and space to be treated in a process and holistic manner by rejecting “essentialism ” and “dualities”. In this study, it has been tried to make appropriate analyses by using the biographical narratives formed by the oral history technique. The originality of this research, based on the theoretical approach of Relational Sociology, is also here.
Eyeing Innocent Souls: The trajectory of Domestic violence and children's education in Botswana
Authors: Mhlauli Mavis Bashingie 
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this paper is to interrogate the effects of domestic violence among children in Botswana. Domestic violence is a global problem as it affects people from both poor and stable economies. Research has shown that there is a link between domestic violence and child abuse. This link has been shown in and confirmed by various studies conducted in a number of countries including China, South Africa, Colombia, India, Egypt, Philippines and Mexico (Unicef, 2005). Botswana like many countries of the world has a challenge of protecting children from being victims of domestic violence. Most violence in Botswana is reported to occur within intimate relationships which takes the form of emotional, physical and psychological abuse and mostly occurs among women. It has also been observed that domestic violence is common mostly in male dominated cultures which are either patriarchal or patrilineal and often justified by their customs and traditions, and condoned by law (Kanchipuntu and Mwale, 2016). This violence is said to affect children’s lives as it may result in emotional trauma, physical and psychological barriers in schooling and educational experience in general (Lloyd, 2018). Paradoxically, children find themselves entangled in domestic violence with very little knowledge of what steps to take to end the form of abuse they experience. Governments, education systems and schools in particular have a role to play to mitigate the situation that children find themselves in hence the suggested strategies. More research needs to be undertaken to develop ways of dealing with domestic violence in schools which are culturally sensitive..
The Eternal Return: The Heaviest of the Burdens
Authors: Pakdamanshahri Fatemeh (Sara) 
Published: January 2020

“Putting it negatively, the myth of eternal return states that a life which disappears once and for all, which does not return, is like a shadow, without weight, dead in advance, and whether it was horrible, beautiful, or sublime, its horror, sublimity, and beauty mean nothing.”1 As Kundera, himself, puts it, the idea of living once and never returning to it suggests the utmost lightness under which one’s existence hinders rather than strengthen.
The Unbearable Lightness of Being calls on us in the hope of a rediscovery of the experience of homecoming, not only in a geographical sense as we see in Oedipus the King, but more importantly in the psychological, spiritual, and epistemological sense of the term. The struggle between fate and freedom of choice, feeling of guilt and the resolution to its confrontation are among the mutual themes in these two literary masterpieces. Although there are a number of one to one connections between certain characters in the two literary works mentioned, the noteworthy is the individual journey they take to return home (in its metaphorical sense), which at the same time speaks of a collective journey of the homecoming of the human being.
Employee Choice and the Demand for Health Insurance Coverage: Evidence from Random Coefficients Models
Authors: Kattih Nour , Mixon Franklin G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study examines the effects of deductibles, employee premium contributions, and the availability of tax-sheltered health savings accounts on employee selection into health insurance plans after passage of the Affordable Care Act, and particularly after implementation of the individual mandate. In doing so, a utility-based structural demand model is applied to market-level macro data from the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Health Research Educational Trust. Results from random coefficients models indicate that for an average consumer, price sensitivity for employer-sponsored health insurance plans varies by age, wage, health condition and gender. Employees who are older, obese, or female are less sensitive to deductibles and premiums than younger and healthier employees, or male employees. These findings suggest that high deductible health plans that combine a tax-sheltered account with higher deductibles will negatively impact the utility of older employees and females as compared to younger employees and males.
Direct comparison study between droplet digital PCR and a combination of allele-specific PCR, asymmetric rapid PCR and melting curve analysis for the detection of BRAF V600E mutation in plasma from melanoma patients
Authors: Tzanikou Eleni , Haselmann Verena , Markou Athina , Duda Angelika , Utikal Jochen , Neumaier Michael , Lianidou Evi S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
In metastatic melanoma, 40%–50% of patients harbor a BRAF V600E mutation and are thereby eligible to receive a combined BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy. Compared to standard-of-care tissue-based genetic testing, analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from blood enables a comprehensive assessment of tumor mutational status in real-time and can be used for monitoring response to therapy. The aim of our study was to directly compare the performance of two highly sensitive methodologies, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and a combination of ARMS/asymmetric-rapid PCR/melting curve analysis, for the detection of BRAF V600E in plasma from melanoma patients.

Methods
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was isolated from 120 plasma samples of stage I to IV melanoma patients. Identical plasma-cfDNA samples were subjected to BRAF V600E mutational analysis using in parallel, ddPCR and the combination of ARMS/asymmetric-rapid PCR/melting curve analysis.

Results

BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 9/117 (7.7%) ctDNA samples by ddPCR and in 22/117 (18.8%) ctDNA samples by the combination of ARMS/asymmetric- rapid PCR/melting curve analysis. The concordance between these two methodologies was 85.5% (100/117). The comparison of plasma-ctDNA analysis using ddPCR and tissue testing revealed an overall agreement of 79.4% (27/34), while the corresponding agreement using the combination of ARMS/asymmetric-rapid PCR/melting curve analysis was 73.5% (25/34). Moreover, comparing the detection of BRAF-mutant ctDNA with the clinics, overall agreement of 87.2% (48/55) for ddPCR and 79.2% (42/53) was demonstrated. Remarkably, the duration of sample storage was negatively correlated with correctness of genotyping results highlighting the importance of pre-analytical factors.

Conclusions
Our direct comparison study has shown a high level of concordance between ddPCR and the combination of ARMS/asymmetric-rapid PCR/melting curve analysis for the detection of BRAF V600E mutations in plasma.
Greener synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanol using a tunable ionic liquid catalyst
Authors: Pawar Atul A. , Chaugule Avinash A. , Kim Hern 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeveral types of ionic liquids (ILs) performance towards dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis using cheap reactant (methanol) and waste CO2 which is abundantly available in the environment are discussed. We synthesized ILs with cheap raw materials such as ethylene glycol. The main aim of this study is to synthesize efficient catalysts for the production of profitable fuel additives. ILs show high thermal stability, less viscosity, and low vapor pressure. In addition, some ILs have high CO2 absorption capacity due to moderate acid-base properties. These ILs reversibly capture more CO2 which is more efficient towards mass transport of methanol at optimum reaction conditions which enhance the DMC yield. This catalytic system is easily reusable for several reactions without decreased performance under the same reaction conditions. These reaction conditions had an effect on the synthesis of DMC. Temperature, pressure, IL loading, and IL/DMAP ratio were fine tuned. We propose a mechanism which the reaction may follow. The synthesized ILs required moderate reaction conditions and reduce waste gases (CO2) from the environments as they have high CO2 absorption capacity compared to the metal oxide catalyst. Therefore, this catalytic system helps and gives new direction to synthesize new catalyst for other application.
Implicit and explicit attitudes toward Germany as news-choice predictors among Muslims with migration backgrounds living in Germany
Authors: Arendt Florian , Karadas Narin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated whether implicit and explicit attitudes predict news choice among Muslims with migration backgrounds living in Germany. We used both attitude constructs to predict a selection bias for news about the same event stemming from the host country (Germany) vs. from other countries. Using a survey (N = 1,107), we found that favorable implicit and explicit attitudes toward Germany increased a participant’s tendency to select German news. Each attitudinal construct predicted a unique variance in news choice. Using a subsample of Turkish citizens living in Germany who participated in the Turkish constitutional referendum 2017 (N = 241), we found that the attitude-based selection bias predicted their voting. We discuss implications for selective-exposure research and processes of integration.
Microwave-induced heating behavior of Y-TZP ceramics under multiphysics system
Authors: Cui Kaihui , Liao Tianqi , Qiu Chen , Chen Hua , Zhou Junwen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the heating behaviors of Y-TZP arrays under microwave irradiation. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model of the microwave heating system was developed by COMSOL Multiphysics software. The numerical model was verified by microwave heating experiment, and the average root means square errors (RMSE) between the simulation and experimental data also confirmed the reliability of the model. The varying position and arrays of materials were applied to predict and visualize the three-dimensional distribution of the electromagnetic field and temperature during the microwave heating process. The results show that the temperature field distribution in microwave cavity was highly sensitive to the dielectric materials, the arrangement of the Y-TZP array interfered with the distribution of standing waves. The results can serve as references for the study to design and optimize the ceramic’s application in terms of microwave heating.
Prevalence of hypertension among school going adolescent boys in Najafgarh, Delhi, India
Authors: Singh Sunil Kumar , Verma Anita 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Hypertension is a global epidemic. Hypertension has become an increasingly important medical problem in children and adolescents. Evidence shows that hypertension begins in childhood and its associated risk factors like obesity, unhealthy eating habits also emerge in children of school going age.

Objectives
To study the prevalence of hypertension among school going adolescent boys in Najafgarh, Delhi and to find out the factors associated with hypertension among them.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was planned in which a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from the study participants. A total of 600 adolescent boys of 9th to 12th classes from four different schools in Delhi, were included in the study over a period of 12 months. Blood pressure, height, weight and waist circumference were measured for all children. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0 and for qualitative data analysis a chi-square (χ2) test was used.

Results
The mean age of study subjects was 15.1 years. The majority of the study subjects, 372 (62%), were in the age group of 14–16 years. Among the study subjects, 44 (7.3%) had pre-hypertension and 26 (4.3%) had hypertension. Hypertension was significantly higher in those with a family history of hypertension and who were overweight/obese.

Conclusion
The prevalence of hypertension was significantly high among adolescents of Delhi. Obesity and family history of hypertension were identified as important risk factors prevalent in the study population.
Adherence behavior assessment of oral antidiabetic medication use: a study of patient decisions in long-term disease management in primary health care centers in Surabaya
Authors: Aditama Lisa , Athiyah Umi , Utami Wahyu , Rahem Abdul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Adherence to medication has an important role in the long-term management of diabetes. The Indonesian Endocrinologist Association found that of the 50% of the entire population who have been diagnosed with diabetes, two-thirds are undergoing therapy and only one-third have been achieving the intended outcomes of the drug therapy. This study aimed to identify patients’ adherence behavior and the root causes of non-adherence.

Methods
This study used a non-experimental mixed-methods approach. A total of 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), who were part of the referral program of the National Health Care Security System (BPJS Kesehatan) were recruited by purposive sampling from 17 primary health care centers in Surabaya, Indonesia.

Results
The adherence behavior assessment revealed non-adherence among 80% of the patients. The highest instances of non-adherence based on the percentage scores involved the following: patients forgot to take the medications (38.23%), patients preferred not to take the medications (20.59%) and the drug products were not available for the patient (14.71%). The factors influencing non-adherence included the complex instructions for taking medication, the absence of a reminder, the unwanted side effects of the drug, the feeling of repetition, the feeling that drugs were ineffective and the concern for the drug’s effects on the kidney.

Conclusions
The high rates of non-adherence identified in this study encourage pharmacists to implement better medication therapy management for chronic diseases. The patients’ understanding of drug therapy indications and regimens is very important in increasing the expectations of achieving effective treatment, awareness and concern for medication safety and treatment compliance.
The (De)legitimising power of narrative reports: A case study of covert sayers
Authors: Wieczorek Anna Ewa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One of two primary aims of this article is to advance a pragma-cognitive approach to the analysis of narrative reports used as parts of short narratives which draws on two salient theories: the Cognitive Approach proposed by Chilton (2004, 2005, 2010, 2014) and Cap's (2006, 2010, 2013, 2017) Proximisation Theory. The other equally important objective is to propose a taxonomy of covert sayers, i.e. actors whose words are reported by the current speaker (cf. Vandelanotte 2006, 2008, 2009), whose identity is concealed and may be retrieved via inferences drawn on the basis of shared values and common ground. This paper essentially concentrates on sayer's utterances rendered via reported speech frames and explains their role in maintaining the aura of belonging and inclusion, as well as of dissociation and exclusion. My research assumes that reported speech frames are selected strategically as rhetorical devices to foster (de)legitimisation and image construction. The research data comprises a corpus of texts of presidential public addresses written to be delivered rather than transcripts of spoken discourse, as its purpose is to investigate the process of speech construction.
Different ways to express personal attitudes in Spanish and English engineering papers: An analysis of metadiscourse devices, affective evaluation and sentiment analysis
Authors: Carrió-Pastor Maria Luisa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe hypothesis of this paper is that writers with similar academic backgrounds express personal attitudes in English and in Spanish differently in research papers. Thus, the main objectives are, first, to study the differences in the use of attitude devices in Spanish and English academic discourse; second, to compare the results in the different sections of articles; and finally to study the positive or negative semantic implications of the lexical items by carrying out a sentiment analysis. To this end, fifteen Spanish industrial engineering papers were compared with fifteen English industrial engineering papers. The results showed that there are in fact differences in the way academic writers communicate attitude, but the sentiment analysis revealed that neutral lexical items were the most commonly used in engineering research papers. Even though engineering researchers share the knowledge of the specialist content and the academic style of expressing their thoughts, personal attitudes were expressed in different ways in Spanish and in English.
Defeating Fake News: On Journalism, Knowledge, and Democracy
Authors: Ball Brian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The central thesis of this paper is that fake news and related phenomena serve as defeaters for knowledge transmission via journalistic channels. This explains how they pose a threat to democracy; and it points the way to determining how to address this threat. Democracy is both intrinsically and instrumentally good provided the electorate has knowledge (however partial and distributed) of the common good and the means of achieving it. Since journalism provides such knowledge, those who value democracy have a reason to protect it. Hostile agents, however, can undermine both the effectiveness of democratic decision-making and faith in democracy itself, by deliberately promulgating fake news and hyper-partisan views; moreover, these effects can come about unintentionally on social media. I conclude that we may need to change, not just the way we process information online, but also the informational environment in which we operate.
Critical Information Literacy as a Path to Resist “Fake News”: Understanding Disinformation as the Root Problem
Authors: Brisola Anna Cristina , Doyle Andréa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes to discuss the problem of Fake News, its root problem disinformation and the path to resist it, critical information literacy. It initially distinguishes the concepts of fake news and disinformation through the views of authors as Allcott & Gentzkow (2017), Chomsky (2014), Serrano (2010) and Volkoff (1999). Our perspective considers that none of these phenomena are new or recent, and we do not consider the “combat” of fake news to be a simple task, considering that it involves issues related to the limits of freedom of speech and media censorship. Fake News are understood as intentionally and verifiably false articles created to manipulate people and disinformation as a bigger ensemble of techniques to manipulate public opinion for political gain with perverted (but not only false) information. One way to deal with these matters goes through a more complex process: the development of critical information literacy in the society as a whole. This concept is studied from the work of Downey (2016), Elmborg (2012), Freire (1967;1970) and others. Freire’s critical pedagogy helps the self-construction of subjects aware of their position and their social role, and it is a basic key for the formation of autonomous, critical and responsible individuals. Based on that, critical information literacy is a state of vigilance towards information that enables people to understand that information is socially constructed and to use it to produce new information in a creative and contextualized way. It concludes that critical information literacy is a consistent tool of resistance to Fake News as it allows people not only survive the informational flood but mainly to build a more ethical society in the use of information.
Objects, Relations, Potential and Change
Authors: Nooteboom Bart 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article attempts to develop further the conception of dynamics in Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO): its model of how objects develop and change. Objects are affected by relations between them, and have the potential both to produce and undergo effects, as realised in interaction with other objects. To elaborate on the change of objects in OOO, an idea is adopted from transcendental ontology. A key Hegelian question in this article is how the realisation of existing potential can produce new potential (Schelling: potentialisation, going from the actual to the possible). Stated differently: how can objects change to the point of breaking their identity and generating a new object? One needs to consider that objects are nested at different levels, and that the degree of how radical change may be depends on the perspective of any given level. To address this issue, the article employs the notion of ascript: a structure of nodes, each with its own subscripts. The analysis is applied and developed further through a comparative analysis of change in evolution, economics, a theory of discovery, and linguistics. The dual intention of this is to see if OOO can help us understand those phenomena, and to see in turn if those phenomena can inform the further development of OOO.
Modeling and optimization of urban rail transit scheduling with adaptive fruit fly optimization algorithm
Authors: Li Jin , Xu Guangyin , Wang Zhengfeng , Wang Zhanwu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Despite the rapid development of urban rail transit in China, there are still some problems in train operation, such as low efficiency and poor punctuality. To realize a proper allocation of passenger flows and increase train frequency, this paper has proposed an improved urban rail transit scheduling model and solved the model with an adaptive fruit fly optimization algorithm (AFOA). For the benefits of both passengers and operators, the shortest average waiting time of passengers and the least train frequency are chosen as the optimization objective, and train headway is taken as the decision variable in the proposed model. To obtain higher computational efficiency and accuracy, an adaptive dynamic step size is built in the conventional FOA. Moreover, the data of urban rail transit in Zhengzhou was simulated for case study. The comparison results reveal that the proposed AFOA exhibits faster convergence speed and preferable accuracy than the conventional FOA, particle swarm optimization, and bacterial foraging optimization algorithms. Due to these superiorities, the proposed AFOA is feasible and effective for optimizing the scheduling of urban rail transit.