bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing exotic charged Higgs decays in the Type-II 2HDM through top rich signal at a future 100 TeV pp collider
Authors: Li Shuailong , Song Huayang , Su Shufang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The exotic decay modes of non-Standard Model Higgs bosons are efficient in probing the hierarchical Two Higgs Doublet Models (2HDM). In particular, the decay mode H±→HW± serves as a powerful channel in searching for charged Higgses. In this paper, we analyze the reach for H±→HW±→$$ t\overline{t}W $$
t

t
¯

W
at a 100 TeV pp collider, and show that it extends the reach of the previously studied ττW final states once above the top threshold. Top tagging technique is used, in combination with a boosted decision tree classifier. At the low tan β region, almost the entire hierarchical Type-II 2HDM parameter space can be probed via the combination of all exotic decay channels.
NLO QCD and EW corrections to vector-boson scattering into ZZ at the LHC
Authors: Denner Ansgar , Franken Robert , Pellen Mathieu , Schmidt Timo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present the first calculation of the full next-to-leading-order electroweak and QCD corrections for vector-boson scattering (VBS) into a pair of Z bosons at the LHC. We consider specifically the process pp → e+e−μ+μ−jj + X at orders $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(α7) and $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αsα6) and take all off-shell and interference contributions into account. Owing to the presence of enhanced Sudakov logarithms, the electroweak corrections amount to −16% of the leading-order electroweak fiducial cross section and induce significant shape distortions of differential distributions. The QCD corrections on the other hand are larger (+24%) than typical QCD corrections in VBS. This originates from considering the full computation including tri-boson contributions in a rather inclusive phase space. We also provide a leading-order analysis of all contributions to the cross section for pp → e+e−μ+μ−jj + X in a realistic setup.
Soft displaced leptons at the LHC
Authors: Blekman Freya , Desai Nishita , Filimonova Anastasiia , Sahasransu Abanti Ranadhir , Westhoff Susanne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Soft displaced leptons are representative collider signatures of compressed dark sectors with feeble couplings to the standard model. Prime targets are dark matter scenarios where co-scattering or co-annihilation sets the relic abundance upon freeze-out. At the LHC, searches for soft displaced leptons are challenged by a large background from hadron or tau lepton decays. In this article, we present an analysis tailored for displaced leptons with a low transverse momentum threshold at 20 GeV. Using a neural network, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the event kinematics, including a study of the expected detection efficiencies and backgrounds at small momenta. Our results show that weak-scale particles decaying into soft leptons with decay lengths between 1 mm and 1 m can be probed with LHC Run 2 data. This motivates the need for dedicated triggers that maximize the sensitivity to displaced soft leptons.
Systematics of type IIA moduli stabilisation
Authors: Marchesano Fernando , Prieto David , Quirant Joan , Shukla Pramod 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe analyse the flux-induced scalar potential for type IIA orientifolds in the presence ofp-form, geometric and non-geometric fluxes. Just like in the Calabi-Yau case, the potential presents a bilinear structure, with a factorised dependence on axions and saxions. This feature allows one to perform a systematic search for vacua, which we implement for the case of geometric backgrounds. Guided by stability criteria, we consider configurations with a particular on-shell F-term pattern, and show that no de Sitter extrema are allowed for them. We classify branches of supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric vacua, and argue that the latter are perturbatively stable for a large subset of them. Our solutions reproduce and generalise previous results in the literature, obtained either from the 4d or 10d viewpoint.
Trigonometric Real Form of the Spin RS Model of Krichever and Zabrodin
Authors: Fairon M. , Fehér L. , Marshall I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate the trigonometric real form of the spin Ruijsenaars–Schneider system introduced, at the level of equations of motion, by Krichever and Zabrodin in 1995. This pioneering work and all earlier studies of the Hamiltonian interpretation of the system were performed in complex holomorphic settings; understanding the real forms is a non-trivial problem. We explain that the trigonometric real form emerges from Hamiltonian reduction of an obviously integrable ‘free’ system carried by a spin extension of the Heisenberg double of the$${\mathrm{U}}(n)$$U(n)Poisson–Lie group. The Poisson structure on the unreduced real phase space$${\mathrm{GL}}(n,{\mathbb {C}})\times {\mathbb {C}}^{nd}$$GL(n,C)×Cndis the direct product of that of the Heisenberg double and$$d\ge 2$$d≥2copies of a$${\mathrm{U}}(n)$$U(n)covariant Poisson structure on$${\mathbb {C}}^n \simeq {\mathbb {R}}^{2n}$$Cn≃R2nfound by Zakrzewski, also in 1995. We reduce by fixing a group valued moment map to a multiple of the identity and analyze the resulting reduced system in detail. In particular, we derive on the reduced phase space the Hamiltonian structure of the trigonometric spin Ruijsenaars–Schneider system and we prove its degenerate integrability.
Response optimization of underactuated vibration generators through dynamic structural modification and shaping of the excitation forces
Authors: Belotti Roberto , Richiedei Dario , Tamellin Iacopo , Trevisani Alberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResonant vibration generators, such as vibratory feeders or ultrasonic sonotrodes, are often employed in manufacturing to generate harmonic vibrations with suitable amplitude, spatial shape, and frequency, in order to meet the process requirements. These underactuated systems are usually excited in open loop by few actuators, and therefore, it is not ensured that the desired response is correctly achieved, since the feasible motions should belong to the subset of the allowable motions. To achieve the closest approximation of the desired vibrations, some new solutions are here proposed. The first strategy is the optimal shaping of the harmonic forces exerted by the actuators, by solving an inverse dynamic problem through a coordinate transformation and the projection of the desired response onto the subspace of the allowable motion. By exploiting the formulation of such a subspace, a second approach that involves concurrently both the force shaping and the modification of the inertial and elastic system parameters is proposed. The idea of this approach is to exploit the modification of the elastic and inertial parameters to properly shape the allowable subspace in such a way that it spans the desired response. A solution method is developed, and analytical sensitivity analysis is proposed to choose the design variables. Validation is proposed through a linear vibratory feeder with a long flexible tray, taken from the literature. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed strategies that lead to a very precise approximation of the desired response.
On a sharp lemma of Cassels and Montgomery on manifolds
Authors: Brandolini Luca , Gariboldi Bianca , Gigante Giacomo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLet$$( \mathcal {M},g ) $$(M,g)be ad-dimensional compact connected Riemannian manifold and let$$\{ \varphi _{m}\} _{m=0}^{+\infty }$${φm}m=0+∞be a complete sequence of orthonormal eigenfunctions of the Laplace–Beltrami operator on$$\mathcal {M}$$M. We show that there exists a positive constantCsuch that for all integersNandXand for all finite sequences ofNpoints in$$\mathcal {M}$$M,$$\{x( j)\} _{j=1}^{N}$${x(j)}j=1N, and positive weights$$\{ a_{j}\} _{j=1}^{N}$${aj}j=1Nwe have$$\begin{aligned} \sum _{m=0}^{X}\left| \sum _{j=1}^{N}a_{j}\varphi _{m}( x( j)) \right| ^{2}\ge \max \left\{ CX\sum _{j=1}^{N}a_{j} ^{2},\left( \sum _{j=1}^{N}a_{j}\right) ^{2}\right\} . \end{aligned}$$∑m=0X∑j=1Najφm(x(j))2≥maxCX∑j=1Naj2,∑j=1Naj2.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Discontinuation of medications classified as reuptake inhibitors affects treatment response of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy
Authors: Feduccia Allison A. , Jerome Lisa , Mithoefer Michael C. , Holland Julie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rationale
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy is under investigation as a novel treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The primary mechanism of action of MDMA involves the same reuptake transporters targeted by antidepressant medications commonly prescribed for PTSD.

Objectives
Data were pooled from four phase 2 trials of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. To explore the effect of tapering antidepressant medications, participants who had been randomized to receive active doses of MDMA (75–125 mg) were divided into two groups (taper group (n = 16) or non-taper group (n = 34)).

Methods
Between-group comparisons were made for PTSD and depression symptom severity at the baseline and the primary endpoint, and for peak vital signs across two MDMA sessions.

Results
Demographics, baseline PTSD, and depression severity were similar between the taper and non-taper groups. At the primary endpoint, the non-taper group (mean = 45.7, SD = 27.17) had a significantly (p = 0.009) lower CAPS-IV total scores compared to the taper group (mean = 70.3, SD = 33.60). More participants in the non-taper group (63.6%) no longer met PTSD criteria at the primary endpoint than those in the taper group (25.0%). The non-taper group (mean = 12.7, SD = 10.17) had lower depression symptom severity scores (p = 0.010) compared to the taper group (mean = 22.6, SD = 16.69). There were significant differences between groups in peak systolic blood pressure (p = 0.043) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.032).

Conclusions
Recent exposure to antidepressant drugs that target reuptake transporters may reduce treatment response to MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.
Improvement of late gadolinium enhancement image quality using a deep learning–based reconstruction algorithm and its influence on myocardial scar quantification
Authors: van der Velde Nikki , Hassing H. Carlijne , Bakker Brendan J. , Wielopolski Piotr A. , Lebel R. Marc , Janich Martin A. , Kardys Isabella , Budde Ricardo P. J. , Hirsch Alexander 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a deep learning (DL)–based reconstruction algorithm on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) image quality and to evaluate its influence on scar quantification.

Methods
Sixty patients (46 ± 17 years, 50% male) with suspected or known cardiomyopathy underwent CMR. Short-axis LGE images were reconstructed using the conventional reconstruction and a DL network (DLRecon) with tunable noise reduction (NR) levels from 0 to 100%. Image quality of standard LGE images and DLRecon images with 75% NR was scored using a 5-point scale (poor to excellent). In 30 patients with LGE, scar size was quantified using thresholding techniques with different standard deviations (SD) above remote myocardium, and using full width at half maximum (FWHM) technique in images with varying NR levels.

Results
DLRecon images were of higher quality than standard LGE images (subjective quality score 3.3 ± 0.5 vs. 3.6 ± 0.7, p < 0.001). Scar size increased with increasing NR levels using the SD methods. With 100% NR level, scar size increased 36%, 87%, and 138% using 2SD, 4SD, and 6SD quantification method, respectively, compared to standard LGE images (all p values < 0.001). However, with the FWHM method, no differences in scar size were found (p = 0.06).

Conclusions
LGE image quality improved significantly using a DL-based reconstruction algorithm. However, this algorithm has an important impact on scar quantification depending on which quantification technique is used. The FWHM method is preferred because of its independency of NR. Clinicians should be aware of this impact on scar quantification, as DL-based reconstruction algorithms are being used.

Key Points
• The image quality based on (subjective) visual assessment and image sharpness of late gadolinium enhancement images improved significantly using a deep learning–based reconstruction algorithm that aims to reconstruct high signal-to-noise images using a denoising technique.
• Special care should be taken when scar size is quantified using thresholding techniques with different standard deviations above remote myocardium because of the large impact of these advanced image enhancement algorithms.
• The full width at half maximum method is recommended to quantify scar size when deep learning algorithms based on noise reduction are used, as this method is the least sensitive to the level of noise and showed the best agreement with visual late gadolinium enhancement assessment.
Retrospective evaluation of attempted vaginal deliveries in dichorionic twin pregnancies
Authors: Enengl Sabine , Oppelt Peter , Enzelsberger Simon-Hermann , Trautner Philip Sebastian , Shebl Omar , Brandl Birgit , Mayer Richard Bernhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeNumbers of planned cesarean deliveries are increasing in twin pregnancies, despite the lack of evidence for this approach, and the second twin is thought to be at risk for a poorer outcome. The aim of this study was to examine whether twins have a poorer outcome if an attempted vaginal delivery is changed to a cesarean section or combined delivery.MethodsThis retrospective data analysis included all women with dichorionic twin pregnancies attempting vaginal delivery over a 10-year period. Outcome parameters for the first and second twins relative to their mode of birth were compared. A correlation model between the interdelivery time interval and Apgar scores was calculated. Subgroup analyses assessing the birth mode of the first and second twins were conducted.ResultsA total of 248 women were enrolled in the study. The second twins had significantly lower values for outcome parameters, such as umbilical artery cord pH and Apgar scores in comparison with the first twins (P < 0.01). The subgroup analysis of birth modes in first and second twins showed a significantly poorer outcome in the cesarean section and combined delivery group (P < 0.05). The interdelivery time interval was significantly longer in the second twin cesarean section group (P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between the interdelivery time intervals and Apgar scores (P > 0.05).ConclusionAlthough outcome parameters were significantly lower in second twins and twins born via secondary cesarean section, the clinical relevance of this appears to be negligible.
Acute and sub-acute toxicity profile of ultra-hypofractionated low-dose total skin electron beam with two 4 Gy fractions for cutaneous T cell lymphoma
Authors: Rolf Daniel , Elsayad Khaled , Eich Hans Theodor 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Low-dose total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) over 3 weeks has proved to be a safe and effective treatment for cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL). In this prospective trial, we examined the feasibility of ultra-hypofractionated low-dose TSEBT regimen in two fractions with 4 Gy combined with systemic therapy to minimize the number of visits to radiation centers.

Patients and methods
Six patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) or Sézary syndrome (SS) received TSEBT with a total radiation dose of 8 Gy in two fractions between April 2020 and June 2020. Patient and treatment characteristics, tumor burden, the impact on the quality of life using Skindex-29 questionnaires, and acute toxicities were analyzed.

Results
During TSEBT, all patients developed grade 1 toxicities while two patients developed grade 2 toxicities. One patient experienced sepsis. The most common adverse effects were erythema and edema. All grade 2 toxicities regressed after 4 weeks following TSEBT. Based on the reported symptoms measured by Skindex-29, we detected a significant reduction in total Skindex-29 score after 8 weeks of radiation (P = 0.03), particularly in the symptoms (P = 0.01) and emotional domains (P = 0.04).

Conclusion
Ultra-hypofractionated low-dose TSEBT followed by systemic therapy seems to be a safe and feasible alternative to conventional fractionated TSEBT for patients with MF/SS. The skin tumor burden and the health-related quality of life have been significantly improved within 8 weeks following radiotherapy.
Intraspecific drought tolerance of Betula pendula genotypes: an evaluation using leaf turgor loss in a botanical collection
Authors: Hannus Simon , Hirons Andrew , Baxter Timothy , McAllister Hugh A. , Wiström Björn , Sjöman Henrik 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Key message
The results showed a significant relationship between the potential evapotranspiration of the provenance collection site and the leaf turgor loss point and significant positive differences in drought tolerance between provenances and subspecies of B. pendula.

Abstract
The ecosystem services provided by urban trees make substantial contributions to the quality of urban living and securing resilience towards the challenges posed by a changing climate. Water deficits are a major abiotic stress for trees in urban environments and, in many regions, this stress is likely to be amplified under future climate scenarios. Although wide variation in drought tolerance exists at the species level, many species also show substantial intraspecific variation in drought tolerance. The aim of this study is to evaluate how drought tolerance, inferred from the water potential at leaf turgor loss point (ΨP0), varies in Betula pendula from different geographical origins and determine if the observed drought tolerance can be related to the local climate and seasonal water balance from the provenance of origin, despite the trees now being established in similar soil and climatic conditions within a single botanical collection. Six subsp. betula, five subsp. mandshurica and two subsp. szechuanica were evaluated, giving a total of 12 different provenances. The results showed a significant relationship between the potential evapotranspiration of the provenance collection site and the leaf turgor loss point and significant positive differences in drought tolerance between provenances and subspecies of B. pendula. By directing efforts towards identifying more drought-tolerant genotypes, it will be possible to diversify the palette of trees that could confidently be integrated by urban tree planners and landscape architects into the urban landscape. The results of this study on different ecotypes of B. pendula clearly show that it is possible to find more drought-tolerant plant material.
Epidemiological trends, predictive factors, and projection of tooth loss in Germany 1997–2030: part I. missing teeth in adults and seniors
Authors: Jordan A. Rainer , Stark H. , Nitschke I. , Micheelis W. , Schwendicke F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
This is the first part of a report on tooth loss in Germany 1997–2030. Here, we describe trends in the prevalence of tooth loss in adults and seniors 1997–2014, assess predictive factors for tooth loss and projected it into 2030.

Material and methods
Data of the cross-sectional, multi-center, nationally representative German Oral Health Studies of 1997, 2005, and 2014 were used. Age, sex, educational level, smoking status, and the cohort were used for ordinary least square regression to assess the association of predictors with tooth loss (missing teeth, MT). The yielded regression coefficients were used to predict tooth loss in 2030.

Results
Compared with 1997, the mean MT in adults (35–44 years old) in 2030 was predicted to decrease by two-thirds to 1.3. The prevalence of tooth loss (MT > 0) will decrease by 72% from 1997 to 2030. In 2030, half of the population of adults will not exhibit any tooth loss. Compared with 1997, the mean MT among seniors (65–74 years old) will decline to 5.6 teeth (i. e. two-thirds reduction) until 2030. Prevalence of tooth loss will be halved by 2030, and approximately one-third of this age group will not exhibit any tooth loss.

Conclusions
Based on the model used, the trend of a robust decline in tooth loss will become more dynamic by the year 2030. As a result, every second adult will have experienced no tooth loss at all in 2030, and seniors will possess more teeth than they have previously lost.

Clinical relevance
This study presents the trends of tooth loss in Germany for a period of three decades. It provides clinically relevant data for health care planning by 2030.
The role of mechanics in the growth and homeostasis of the intestinal crypt
Authors: Almet A. A. , Byrne H. M. , Maini P. K. , Moulton D. E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a mechanical model of tissue homeostasis that is specialised to the intestinal crypt. Growth and deformation of the crypt, idealised as a line of cells on a substrate, are modelled using morphoelastic rod theory. Alternating between Lagrangian and Eulerian mechanical descriptions enables us to precisely characterise the dynamic nature of tissue homeostasis, whereby the proliferative structure and morphology are static in the Eulerian frame, but there is active migration of Lagrangian material points out of the crypt. Assuming mechanochemical growth, we identify the necessary conditions for homeostasis, reducing the full, time-dependent system to a static boundary value problem characterising a spatially heterogeneous “treadmilling” state. We extract essential features of crypt homeostasis, such as the morphology, the proliferative structure, the migration velocity, and the sloughing rate. We also derive closed-form solutions for growth and sloughing dynamics in homeostasis, and show that mechanochemical growth is sufficient to generate the observed proliferative structure of the crypt. Key to this is the concept ofthreshold-dependentmechanical feedback, that regulates an established Wnt signal for biochemical growth. Numerical solutions demonstrate the importance of crypt morphology on homeostatic growth, migration, and sloughing, and highlight the value of this framework as a foundation for studying the role of mechanics in homeostasis.
Optimization of n-butanol synthesis in Lactobacillus brevis via the functional expression of thl, hbd, crt and ter
Authors: Li Qi , Wu Meixian , Wen Zhiqiang , Jiang Yuan , Wang Xin , Zhao Yawei , Liu Jinle , Yang Junjie , Jiang Yu , Yang Sheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
N-butanol is an important chemical and can be naturally synthesized by Clostridium species; however, the poor n-butanol tolerance of Clostridium impedes the further improvement in titer. In this study, Lactobacillus brevis, which possesses a higher butanol tolerance, was selected as host for heterologous butanol production. The Clostridium acetobutylicum genes thl, hbd, and crt which encode thiolase, β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase, and crotonase, and the Treponema denticola gene ter, which encodes trans-enoyl-CoA reductase were cloned into a single plasmid to express the butanol synthesis pathway in L. brevis. A titer of 40 mg/L n-butanol was initially achieved with plasmid pLY15-opt, in which all pathway genes are codon-optimized. A titer of 450 mg/L of n-butanol was then synthesized when ter was further overexpressed in this pathway. The role of metabolic flux was reinforced with pLY15, in which only the ter gene was codon-optimized, which greatly increased the n-butanol titer to 817 mg/L. Our strategy significantly improved n-butanol synthesis in L. brevis and the final titer is the highest achieved amongst butanol-tolerant lactic acid bacteria.

Graphic abstract