bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the Mechanism of Pinellia ternata in Asthma Treatment
Authors: Lyu Yanmin , Chen Xiangjing , Xia Qing , Zhang Shanshan , Yao Chengfang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Pinellia ternata (PT), a medicinal plant, has had an extensive application in the treatment of asthma in China, whereas its underlying pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear.Methods: Firstly, the therapeutic effect of PT was verified by an animal experiment. Secondly, a network pharmacology method was adopted to collect activated components of PT from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis (TCMSP); binding targets of PT were assessed by exploiting Pharmmapper website; asthma-related targets were collected, and Target-Target interaction networks were built. Subsequently, critical nodes exhibiting high-possibility were identified as the hub nodes in the network, which employed to conduct GeneOntology (GO) comment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, the tissue expression profiles and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data of candidate genes were identified by Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) and PanglaoDB databases.Results: In animal experiments, PT could alleviate the allergic response of mice by inhibiting the activation of T-helper type 2 (TH2) cells and the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5. Subsequently, 57 achievable targets of PT on asthma were confirmed as hub nodes, included candidate genes matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1(NR3C1). Moreover, according to transcriptome RNA sequencing data from lung tissues of allergic mice compared to normal mice, mRNA level of MMP2 was up-regulated (P<0.001), and mRNA level of NR3C1 was no significant difference (P=0.0749). Finally, we compared their levels of expression and distributions to those present in the single-cell level. Conclusions: With network pharmacology, our study provides candidate genes that may be either used for future studies related to diagnosis/prognosis or as targets for asthma management. Besides, more attention should be paid to methods of identifying the origin of these genes and determining their expression at the single-cell level.
The radiographic effects of ketorolac on patients with spondylolisthesis
Authors: Chou Shih-Hsiang , Lu Cheng-Chang , Lin Kun-Ling , Lin Sung-Yen , Tu Hung-Pin , Shih Chia-Lung , Huang Peng-Ju , Tien Yin-Chun , Huang Yi-Hung , Shen Po-Chih 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Low back pain may inhibit patients’ spinal range of motion during radiography. Little is known about the dynamic changes of measurement variables and diagnosis of unstable segments in flexion/extension radiographs before and after analgesic injections. We hypothesise that pain control with intramuscular (IM) ketorolac could reveal more radiographic instability segments currently masked by low back pain. Methods: One hundred patients with symptomatic spondylolisthesis from outpatient clinics were recruited. Standing flexion-extension radiographs before and after analgesic injections (IM ketorolac 30 mg) were examined. The visual analog scale (VAS) score and the parameters of segmental instability, including dynamic lumbar lordosis (º; DL), dynamic segmental angulation (º; DA), dynamic segmental translation (mm; DT), and slip percentage (dynamic translation divided with vertebral body width; SP) (%), before and after ketorolac injection were measured. In addition, newly diagnosed unstable segments by different instability criteria were recorded. Pre-post changes between the two groups were analysed using paired t-tests.Results: The VAS score decreased significantly after analgesic injections (66.9 ± 0.97 vs. 32.2 ± 13.1 mm, P < 0.001). DL, DA, DT, and SP were significantly increased (P < 0.001) after providing analgesia compared to pre-analgesia. More unstable segments were found from radiography after ketorolac injection.Conclusion: Ketorolac 30 mg injections provided effective analgesia. The radiographic change and diagnosis of instability segments, which might be masked by back pain, significantly changed after IM Ketorolac in patients with symptomatic spondylolisthesis.
Trying for a second chance: Iranian infertile couples’ experiences after failed ART
Authors: Zagami Samira Ebrahimzadeh , Roudsari Robab Latifnejad , Janghorban Roksana , Allan Helen T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite significant advances, only 35% infertile couples conceive after ART. If IVF is unsuccessful, couples will need to decide whether to proceed again with assisted conception. The aim of this study was to explore Iranian infertile couples’ experiences after failed ART to continue treatment.Methods: In this qualitative study participants were selected using purposeful sampling method. Data were collected using 36 semi-structured face-to-face in-depth interviews at a regional Infertility Center in Iran from April 2016 to June 2017. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed with conventional content analysis method using MAXQDA software.Results: Our findings suggest that couples’ decisions to continue treatment after unsuccessful ART is shaped by their social, emotional and financial circumstances. We have constructed two themes to describe their experiences: support to continue and trying for a second chance. Conclusions: Infertile couples rely on support from different sources in their lives to decide to have a further cycle after an unsuccessful ART. Our findings suggest that good marital and family support networks can support infertile couples during this period of decision making. Many of the couples found the financial burden of another cycle challenging. Considering the depression and anxiety caused by failed ARTs, which itself could affect the success rate of any further ARTs, the clinical team should effectively assess psychological readiness of couples who decide to continue with another ART after unsuccessful treatment.
Low vitamin D levels are associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective study
Authors: Tanaka Kenichi , Okada Yosuke , Hajime Maiko , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

The aim of this study was to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods

This retrospective study included 113 T2D patients who were admitted for in-hospital diabetes educational program and underwent measurements of serum 25(OH)D levels and reactive hyperemia index (RHI). The primary endpoint was the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and RHI in T2D patients.
Results

Serum 25(OH)D levels correlated significantly with RHI in T2D patients (r = 0.285, p = 0.002). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that serum 25(OH)D level of 16.5 ng/mL is the optimal cut-off level for predicting vascular endothelial dysfunction (RHI < 1.67), with a sensitivity of 68.5%, specificity of 67.9%, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.668 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.566–0.770, p = 0.002). The mean RHI was significantly lower (1.70 ± 0.54) in patients with low 25(OH)D levels (n = 56, 25(OH)D levels < 16.5 ng/mL) than that (1.99 ± 0.58 vs.; p < 0.001) of patients with high 25(OH)D levels (n = 57, 25(OH)D level > 16.5 ng/mL). The proportion of patients with RHI < 1.67 was also higher in the low 25(OH)D group than in the high 25(OH)D group (38% vs. 18%; p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified serum 25(OH)D levels < 16.5 ng/mL was associated with increased odds of RHI < 1.67 (odds ratio 4.598, 95% CI 1.961–10.783, p < 0.001).
Conclusions

The results demonstrated the association of serum 25(OH)D levels with endothelial function in T2D patients and identified serum 25(OH)D level of < 16.5 ng/mL as a predictor of vascular endothelial dysfunction. Serum 25(OH)D level is a potentially useful marker of vascular endothelial dysfunction in T2D patients.
Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) induces inflammatory mediator production via NF-κB signaling and impairs bovine mammary epithelial cells via mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Yang Danru , Wu Yinghuan , Zhao Yanying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Bovine mastitis is the inflammatory response of the mammary gland with an utmost threat to the dairy industry worldwide. Cytokine networks fuel inflammation. The sensitive and subtle changes of the inflammatory cytokine network in healthy and mastitic bovine mammary gland may encourage the use of cytokines in the diagnosis and prognosis of bovine mastitis. Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine mainly secreted by immune cells and it plays a central role in the complex signaling network of inflammation activation. Therefore, we explored the possible role of bovine AIF-1 related to bovine mastitis in the present study.
Results

The average concentration of AIF-1 in milks suffering from mastitis was 2.5 fold of that in the healthy cows, while its value decreased in cows recovered from mastitis. Furthermore, recombinant bovine AIF-1 up-regulated TNF-α, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 secretion from bovine mammary epithelial cells with NF-κB activating, then NF-κB signaling inhibitor BAY 11-7085 abolished the increase of these inflammatory cytokines secretion induced by AIF-1. Thereafter, AIF-1 impaired bovine mammary epithelial cell viability, induced cell membrane permeability and cell apoptosis with exacerbated nitric oxide and oxidative stress, activated caspase 3, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular ATP concentration.
Conclusion

These results indicated that AIF-1 prompted inflammation mediator production of bovine mammary epithelial cells via NF-κB signaling. Moreover, it damaged epithelial cells by depressing cell viability, inducing cell membrane permeability and cell apoptosis, which might be related to bovine mastitis.
Zuotai (β-HgS)-containing 70 Wei Zhen-Zhu-Wan (Rannasangpei) differs from mercury chloride and methylmercury on hepatic cytochrome P450
Authors: Nie Yu , Xu Shang-Fu , Lu Yan-Liu , Zhao Xiu-Rong , Li Cen , Wei Li-Xin , Liu Jie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Zuotai (mainly β-HgS)-containing 70 Wei-Zhen-Zhu-Wan (70W, Rannasangpei ) is a famous Tibetan medicine for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. We have shown that 70W protected against CCl 4 hepatotoxicity. CCl 4 is metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP450) to produce reactive metabolites. Whether 70W has any effect on CYP450 is unknown and such effects should be compared with mercury compounds for safety evaluation. Methods: Mice were given 70W (0.15-1.5 g/kg, po), Zuotai (30 mg/kg, po), HgCl 2 (33.6 mg/kg, po) and MeHg (3.1 mg/kg, po) for 7 days. Liver RNA and protein were isolated for qPCR and Western-blot analysis. Results: 70W and Zuotai had no effects on hepatic Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and CYP1A2, but HgCl 2 and MeHg increased Cyp1a2 mRNA and CYP1A2 protein levels;70W and Zuotai had no effects on constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) ,CYP2B andCYP2E1 expressions, but HgCl 2 increased CAR and Cyp2b10 mRNA, HgCl 2 and MeHg increased CYP2B and CYP2E1 protein expressions; 70W and mercury compounds had no apparent effects on the expression of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and Cyp3a11 mRNA, as well as CYP3A proteins. 70W and mercury compounds had no apparent effects on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and CYP4A; but HgCl 2 tended to increase Cyp4a10 mRNA and CYP4A protein expressions. 70W and Zuotai had no apparent effects on the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Cyp7a1 , while HgCl 2 and MeHg increased CYP7A1 expression. Conclusions: Zuotai and Zuotai-containing 70W at clinical doses had minimal influence on hepatic CYPs, and the effects of 70W and Zuotai on CYP and corresponding nuclear receptors are different from HgCl 2 and MeHg.
Research on Blood Oxygen Activity in Cerebral Cortical Motor Function Areas With Adjustment Intention During Gait
Authors: Li Chunguang , Zhu Yufei , Qu Wei , Sun Lining 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The study of the neural mechanism of human gait control can provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of walking disorders or the improvement of rehabilitation strategies, and further promote the functional rehabilitation of patients with movement disorders. However, the performance and changes of cerebral cortex activity corresponding to gait adjustment intentions arestill not clear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to detect the blood oxygen activation characterization of the cerebral cortex motor function area when people have intention to adjust gait during walking. METHODS: 30 young volunteers (21 ± 1 years old) perform normal walking (NW), speed increase (DI), speed reduction (DR), step increase (PI) and step reduction (PR), during which continuous monitoring of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) and total oxyhemoglobin (HbT) information in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA) using near infrared brain functional imaging.RESULTS: (1) With the intention to adjust gait, the HbO concentration in the SMA increased significantly (p=0.0029), while the HbT concentration in the Medial-PFC decreased significantly (p=0.0088). (2) In the HbO concentration, step reduction is more activated than the step increase in the Left-PMC (p=0.0130); step adjustment is more activated thanspeed adjustment in the Right-PMC (p=0.0067).In the HbR concentration, speed reduction is more activated than the speed increase in the Left-PFC(p=0.0103). In the HbT concentration, an increase in gait parameters is more activated than the decrease in gait parameters in the Left-PFC(p=0.0042).CONCLUSIONS: (1) When the intention of gait adjustment occurs, the increase of HbO concentration in the SMA indicates the initial stage of gait adjustment will increase the motion cognitive needs of the brain.(2) The right brain area, especially the Right-PMC, is responsible for step adjustment. While the left brain area, especially the Left-PFC, meets the additional nerve needs of speed adjustment. The increase in gait parameters promotes more blood oxygen metabolism in the Left-PFC to meet the needs of enhanced nerve activity. The preliminary findings of this study can lay an important theoretical foundation for the realization of gait control based on fNIRS-BCI technology.
Economic Condition Affects Breast Cancer Care - A Cross Sectional Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Akhtar Khursheda , Hossain Kazi Jahangir , Akhtar Khodeza , Nahar Shamsun , Elahi Md Qudrat E , Hossain Sharmin , Islam Md Ariful 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Socio- economic condition plays a role on taking decision for cancer treatment beside this out pocket expenditure is a headache for cancer patients. For that, pattern of financial assistance for breast cancer treatment and associated factors were explored.
Method:

A cross sectional study was carried out with 200 samples; those were selected randomly from the listed patients who attended in the day care centre of chemotherapy.
Results

Maximum respondents first visited to health care provider at II and III stage with first symptom as lump on breast or axilla, no patients came at stage I. Along with family and neighbor, social welfare also play a positive role to assist finance. Donation was the major means to collect money and two or three sources were needed at a time for collecting money. In chi square (χ 2) test, economic condition had a significant role on care seeking. Simultaneously by ANOVA it was found that mean difference was more at age 31–40 year of age. After 50 years, care seeking time was intersect, here Main effect of age was F (1, 192) = 1.92, p = 0.162; Main effect of economic condition was F (3, 192) = 0.27, p = 0.847; Inter effect was F (2, 192) = 1.77, p = 0.154.
Conclusion

After knowing cancer, she and her family member become puzzled to collect money. For that necessary measure should be taken to easy availability of expenditure cost. It is recommended to launch public health insurance as soon as possible.
On the theoretical prediction of microalgae growth for parallel flow
Authors: Ma Chunyang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The established microalgae growth models are semi-empirical or considerable fitting coefficients exist. Therefore, the ability of the model prediction is reduced by the numerous fitting coefficients. Furthermore, the predicted results of the established models are dependent on the size of the photobioreactor (PBR), light intensity, flow and concentration field. The growth mechanism of microalgae has not clearly understood in PBR cultivation. It is difficult to predict the microalgae growth by theoretical methods, owing to the aforementioned factors. We developed an exploratory bridging microalgae growth model to predict the microalgae growth rate in PBRs by using the nondimensional method which is effectively in fluid dynamics and heat transfer.Results: The analytical solution of the growth rate was obtained for the parallel flow. The nondimensional growth rate expressed as function of Reynolds number and Schmidt number, which can be used for arbitrary parallel flow due to the solution was expressed as nondimensional quantities. The theoretically predicted growth rate is compared with the experimentally measured microalgae growth rate on the order of magnitude.Conclusions: The nondimensional method successfully applied to the microalgae growth problem for the first time. The general nondimensional solution can unify the numerous experimental data for different laboratory conditions, and give a direction for the disorder of the microalgae growth problem. The nondimensional solution will be useful in the design and operation of PBRs for biofuel production.
The Influence of Experimental Pain on Primary Motor Cortex Function: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Chowdhury Nahian , Chang Wei-Ju , Millard Samantha K , Skippen Patrick , Bilska Katarzyna , Seminowicz David S , Schabrun Siobhan M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The primary motor cortex (M1) is a key brain region implicated in pain processing. Here, we present a protocol for a review that aims to synthesise and critically appraise the evidence for the effect of experimentalpain on M1 function. Methods/Analysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted. Electronic databases will be searched using a predetermined strategy. Studies published before April 2020 that investigate the effects of experimentally induced pain on corticomotor excitability (CME) in healthy individuals will be included if they meet eligibility criteria. Study identification, data extraction andrisk of bias assessment will be conducted by two independent reviewers, with a third reviewer consulted for any disagreements. The primary outcomes will include group level changes in CME and intracortical, transcortical and sensorimotor modulators of CME. A separate analysis using individual data will also be conducted to explore individual differences in CME in response to experimental pain. The meta-analysis will consider the following factors: pain model (transient, tonic, transitional pain), type of painful tissue (cutaneous, musculoskeletal), time points of outcome measures(during or after recovery from pain) and localisation of pain(target area, control area). Discussion: This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms within M1 that mediate experimentally induced pain, both on a group and individual level. Registration Number: The systematic review is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (#CRD42020173172)
Niche Partitioning in the Rimicaris Exoculata Holobiont: The Case of the First Symbiotic Zetaproteobacteria
Authors: Cambon-Bonavita Marie-Anne , Aubé Johanne , Cueff-Gauchard Valérie , Reveillaud Julie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMutualistic symbioses between invertebrate animals and chemosynthetic bacteria are at the basis of Life in hydrothermal vent ecosystems. The shrimp Rimicaris exoculata, which dominates animal fauna along the Mid Atlantic Ridge, houses in its cephalothorax a complex bacterial community including Campylobacteria, Gamma- Delta- and some recently discovered iron oxyhydroxides-coated Zetaproteobacteria. This epibiotic consortium uses iron, sulfide, methane and hydrogen as energy sources. Here, we used a DNA extraction procedure adapted to recalcitrant embedded bacteria and generated shotgun metagenomes from Rimicaris exoculata cephalothoracic epibiotic community. We aimed reconstructing symbiotic genomes from specimen collected in three geochemically contrasted vent fields, TAG, Rainbow and Snake Pit to unravel the specificity, variability and adaptation of host-microbes associations.ResultsUsing these data we were able to reconstruct 49 high quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from TAG and Rainbow vents fields. Most critically, two MAGs in our collection were affiliated to Zetaproteobacteria and had no close relatives (ANI < 77% from the closest relative Ghiorsea bivora isolated from TAG and <88% between each other), suggesting potential novel species. Genes for CBB carbon fixation, iron and sulfur oxidation, as well as nitrate reduction, occurred in both MAGs. However, genes for hydrogen oxidation and quorum sensing as well as multicopper oxidases occurred in one MAG only, suggesting shared and specific potential functions for these two novel Zetaproteobacteria symbiotic lineages. Overall, we observed highly similar symbionts that co-exist in a single shrimp at both basaltic TAG and ultramafic Rainbow vent sites. Nevertheless, further insights into the seemingly functional redundancy between those epibionts revealed important differences. ConclusionThese data highlight microniche partitioning in the Rimicaris holobiont and confirm recent works that show functional diversity enables multiple symbiont strains to coexist in animals from hydrothermal vents.
Perceived Stress Among Indian Children And Young Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Harikar Mandara M , Shukla Rishi , Bajpai Anurag 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background - Strict isolation measures and interrupted healthcare services during the COVID 19 pandemic are contemplated to instigate stress universally, particularly in those with chronic illnesses such as Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).Objective- To evaluate perceived stress towards COVID-19 among T1D individuals.Study Design - A cross-sectional, observational study. Participants - Adolescents and young adults (aged 10 - 25), living with T1D; and age, gender matched controls.Interventions - An online, semi-structured survey including Perceived Stress Scale. Outcomes - Determinants of stress and its impact on glycemic control.Results - A total of 97 cases (49 males; mean age 18.8 ± 4.5 years), diagnosed with T1D (mean diabetes duration 8.0 ± 5.0 years; mean HBA1C 8.1 ± 1.5%) completed the survey. Among cases, 53.6% reported moderate stress; 41.2% low stress and 5.2% severe stress. No significant difference was observed in the mean PSS score between the cases and controls. Cases with higher PSS scores tracked pandemic-related updates with significantly lesser frequency than those with lower scores (mean rank 78.75; p = 0.01). High PSS score was significantly associated with HbA1C over last 6 months (r 0.276; p = 0.015) and worsened glycemic control (mean rank 63.97 p = 0.012). Conclusion- An increased apprehension was seen regarding the acquisition of optimal diabetes management and care during the current infectious outbreak. Tele-medicine could emerge as an effective tool and a promising initiative to manage T1D patients during the pandemic.