bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer mortality and overdiagnosis after implementation of population-based screening in Denmark
Authors: Lynge Elsebeth , Beau Anna-Belle , von Euler-Chelpin My , Napolitano George , Njor Sisse , Olsen Anne Helene , Schwartz Walter , Vejborg Ilse 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Service breast cancer screening is difficult to evaluate because there is no unscreened control group. Due to a natural experiment, where 20% of women were offered screening in two regions up to 17 years before other women, Denmark is in a unique position. We utilized this opportunity to assess outcome of service screening.

Materials and methods
Screening was offered in Copenhagen from 1991 and Funen from 1993 to women aged 50–69 years. We used difference-in-differences methodology with a study group offered screening; a historical control group; a regional control group; and a regional–historical control group, comparing breast cancer mortality and incidence, including ductal carcinoma in situ, between study and historical control group adjusted for changes in other regions, and calculating ratios of rate ratios (RRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Data came from Central Population Register; mammography screening databases; Cause of Death Register; and Danish Cancer Register.

Results
For breast cancer mortality, the study group accumulated 1,551,465 person-years and 911 deaths. Long-term breast cancer mortality in Copenhagen was 20% below expected in absence of screening; RRR 0.80 (95% CI 0.71–0.90), and in Funen 22% below; RRR 0.78 (95% CI 0.68–0.89). Combined, cumulative breast cancer incidence in women followed 8+ years post-screening was 2.3% above expected in absence of screening; RRR 1.023 (95% CI 0.97–1.08).

Discussion
Benefit-to-harm ratio of the two Danish screening programs was 2.6 saved breast cancer deaths per overdiagnosed case. Screening can affect only breast cancers diagnosed in screening age. Due to high breast cancer incidence after age 70, only one-third of breast cancer deaths after age 50 could potentially be affected by screening. Increasing upper age limit could be considered, but might affect benefit-to-harm ratio negatively.
The value of climate-resilient seeds for smallholder adaptation in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Cacho Oscar J. , Moss Jonathan , Thornton Philip K. , Herrero Mario , Henderson Ben , Bodirsky Benjamin L. , Humpenöder Florian , Popp Alexander , Lipper Leslie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate change is threatening food security in many tropical countries, where a large proportion of food is produced by vulnerable smallholder farmers. Interventions are available to offset many of the negative impacts of climate change on agriculture, and they can be tailored to local conditions often through relative modest investments. However, little quantitative information is available to guide investment or policy choices at a time when countries and development agencies are under pressure to implement policies that can help achieve Sustainable Development Goals while coping with climate change. Among smallholder adaptation options, developing seeds resilient to current and future climate shocks expected locally is one of the most important actions available now. In this paper, we used national and local data to estimate the costs of climate change to smallholder farmers in Malawi and Tanzania. We found that the benefits from adopting resilient seeds ranged between 984 million and 2.1 billion USD during 2020–2050. Our analysis demonstrates the benefits of establishing and maintaining a flexible national seed sector with participation by communities in the breeding, delivery, and adoption cycle.
Divisia monetary aggregates for a heterogeneous euro area
Authors: Brill Maximilian C. , Nautz Dieter , Sieckmann Lea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince the run-up to the great recession, there has been a significant degree of heterogeneity across euro area countries both in terms of interest rates and in the composition of monetary assets. In order to account for the heterogeneity of monetary assets within and across member countries, we propose a Divisia monetary aggregate for the euro area. In line with earlier evidence obtained for the United States, our results from a panel probit analysis show that the divergence between the Divisia and the simple sum aggregate has a significant predictive content for recessions in euro area countries.
Review on the petroleum market in China: history, challenges and prospects
Authors: Chen Si-Yuan , Zhang Qi , Mclellan Benjamin , Zhang Tian-Tian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe petroleum industry plays an essential role in driving China’s economic development. In the past few decades, several reforms in the petroleum industry have been implemented; however, there are still some issues that have not been resolved. Moreover, with the new-normal economy, the transition to green energy and international trade disputes, the petroleum market is also facing emerging challenges. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to review the historical development of China’s petroleum market, identify the current challenges and propose corresponding countermeasures for future prospects. As a conclusion, five main challenges are highlighted totally, namely lack of marketization, excess oil refining capacity, high external dependency, environment pollution and unstable international trading relationship. To address these challenges, it is encouraged to deepen petroleum market reform, accelerate the elimination of inefficient refining capacity, diversify oil supply sources, as well as improve domestic petroleum enterprises’ ability to resist price risks.
Metrics to analyze and improve diets through food Systems in low and Middle Income Countries
Authors: Melesse Mequanint B. , van den Berg Marrit , Béné Christophe , de Brauw Alan , Brouwer Inge D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTaking a food systems approach is a promising strategy for improving diets. Implementing such an approach would require the use of a comprehensive set of metrics to characterize food systems, set meaningful goals, track food system performance, and evaluate the impacts of food system interventions. Food system metrics are also useful to structure debates and communicate to policy makers and the general public. This paper provides an updated analytical framework of food systems and uses this to identify systematically relevant metrics and indicators based on data availability in low and middle income countries. We conclude that public data are relatively well available for food system drivers and outcomes, but not for all of the food system activities. With only minor additional investments, existing surveys could be extended to cover a large part of the required additional data. For some indicators, however, targeted data collection efforts are needed. As the list of indicators partly overlaps with the indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs), part of the collected data could serve not only to describe and monitor food systems, but also to track progress towards attaining the SDGs.
Correction to: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Studies of Elacestrant, A Novel Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader, in Healthy Post-Menopausal Women
Authors: Conlan Maureen G. , de Vries Erik F. J. , Glaudemans AWJM , Wang Yamei , Troy Steven 
Published: August 2020

Authors would like to correct the errors in table 2.
Čech–Delaunay gradient flow and homology inference for self-maps
Authors: Bauer U. , Edelsbrunner H. , Jabłoński G. , Mrozek M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe call a continuous self-map that reveals itself through a discrete set of point-value pairs a sampled dynamical system. Capturing the available information with chain maps on Delaunay complexes, we use persistent homology to quantify the evidence of recurrent behavior. We establish a sampling theorem to recover the eigenspaces of the endomorphism on homology induced by the self-map. Using a combinatorial gradient flow arising from the discrete Morse theory for Čech and Delaunay complexes, we construct a chain map to transform the problem from the natural but expensive Čech complexes to the computationally efficient Delaunay triangulations. The fast chain map algorithm has applications beyond dynamical systems.
Life-Threatening Hemoptysis
Authors: Deshwal Himanshu , Sinha Ankur , Mehta Atul C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLife-threatening hemoptysis (LTH) is any amount of hemoptysis that causes significant hemodynamic decompensation or respiratory distress which may lead to death if left untreated. While the amount of hemoptysis that qualifies as massive hemoptysis has continued to be debated, any amount between 100 to 1,000 mL/day is considered significant. Up to 15% cases of hemoptysis are LTH and need urgent life-saving intervention. Understanding of pulmonary vascular anatomy is of paramount importance to manage LTH. The goal of treatment lies in airway protection, appropriate oxygenation, and prevention of exsanguination. Once the airway is stabilized, a quick diagnosis and control of bleeding site is targeted. This chapter highlights current practices and approach to LTH including medical management, bronchoscopic approach, and advanced therapies such as bronchial artery embolization and surgical resection. We review situations, such as bronchiectasis, vascular malformation, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and tracheostomy bleed and specific approach to management of these conditions in a systematic and evidence-based manner.
Implication of Image-Defined Risk Factors for the Extent of Surgical Resection and Clinical Outcome in Patients with Pelvic Neuroblastoma
Authors: Froeba-Pohl Alexandra , von Schweinitz Dietrich , Muehling Jakob , Paolini Marco , Hubertus Jochen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction Pelvic neuroblastoma (NB) is a rare entity and occurs in 2 to 5% of all NBs. Surgery in the pelvic area is—even for the experienced oncological surgeon—technically challenging, as injuries of bladder and/or rectal innervation may carry lifelong consequences for the patient. Several studies have proven the impact of image-defined risk factors (IDRFs) for outcome, complications and extent of resection in NB; however, the specific role of IDRF in pelvic NB has not been investigated yet.
Materials and Methods Patient charts were retrospectively evaluated for International Staging System stage, IDRF status, MYCN amplification, and outcome parameters.
Results Between 2003 and 2019, 277 NBs were surgically resected in the department of pediatric surgery of Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital. Out of these, 11 patients (3.9%) had pelvic NB. Evaluation of the preoperative imaging showed two patients without IDRF (stage L1) and eight patients in stage L2. One patient had stage M according to distant metastasis. Patients without IDRF underwent complete macroscopical resections, whereas complete tumor removal was not possible without mutilation in patients with IDRF. At time point of diagnosis, only patients with IDRF had functional neurological problems. Three patients developed perioperative complications; all of them had at least one IDRF. Three patients developed local recurrence during the course of the disease, all of them had at least one IDRF.
Conclusion Our results indicate on a preliminary level the importance of IDRF as a prognostic tool for surgical removal of pelvic NB.
Single versus Multiple Vessel Endovascular Tibial Artery Revascularization for Critical Limb Ischemia: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Anand Gautam M. , Conway Allan M. , Giangola Gary 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVascular interventionalists have long debated on whether one or multiple patent tibial arteries (run-off) are necessary to treat critical limb ischemia, including ischemic rest pain and tissue loss. This review article seeks to clarify data surrounding this topic by including literature from retrospective studies, prospective studies, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials. Our conclusion is that revascularizing a single tibial artery to the foot is adequate for wound healing.
Oral Administration of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Oligomers in Gastro-Resistant Microcapsules Exhibits a Safe Antithrombotic Activity
Authors: Yan Lufeng , Zhu Mengshan , Wang Danli , Tao Wenyang , Liu Donghong , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J. , Ye Xingqian , Chen Shiguo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS) polysaccharide isolated from sea cucumber has potent anticoagulant activity. Based on its resistance to the enzymes present in vertebrates, it may serve as an anticoagulant and shows antithrombotic effects when delivered through gastro-resistant (GR) tablets. However, due to the multiple plasma targets of FCS polysaccharide in the coagulation pathway, bleeding can occur after its oral administration. In the current study, we used FCS oligomers, in particular a mixture of oligosaccharides having 6 to 18 saccharide units, as the active ingredient in GR microcapsules for oral anticoagulation. In a Caco-2 model, the FCS oligomers showed higher absorption than native FCS polysaccharides. Oral administration of FCS oligomer-GR microcapsules provided a dose-dependent, prolonged anticoagulant effect with a selective inhibition of the intrinsic coagulation pathway when compared with subcutaneous administration of FCS oligomers or oral administration of unformulated FCS oligomers or native FCS-GR microspheres. Continued oral administration of FCS oligomer-GR microcapsules did not result in the accumulation of oligosaccharides in the plasma. Venous thrombosis animal models demonstrated that FCS oligomers delivered via GR microcapsules produced a potent antithrombotic effect dependent on their anticoagulant properties in the plasma, while oral administration of unformulated FCS oligomers at the same dose exhibited a weaker antithrombotic effect than the formulated version. Oral administration of FCS oligomer-GR microcapsules resulted in no bleeding, while oral administration of native FCS-GR microcapsules resulted in bleeding (p < 0.05). Our present results suggest that a FCS oligomer-GR microcapsule formulation represents an effective and safe oral anticoagulant for potential clinical applications.
Inflammatory Conditions in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Saphenous Vein Graft
Authors: Cankurt Tayyar , Celik İbrahim E. , Ozturk Selcuk , Maden Orhan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory blood parameters in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with a history of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein graft (SVG). A total of 347 patients who underwent urgent SVG PCI with the diagnosis of ACS were included in the study. After the application of exclusion criteria, 79 patients were allocated into two groups, namely, successful PCI (n = 59) and unsuccessful PCI (n = 20), and included in the statistical analysis. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) levels were significantly higher in patients with unsuccessful SVG PCI. In the logistic regression analysis, PLR, C-reactive protein, and diabetes mellitus emerged as independent factors associated with unsuccessful SVG PCI. The area under the curve for PLR was 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.85, p = 0.006). The cut-off value of PLR (128.99) was associated with 70.0% sensitivity and 69.5% specificity. Elevated inflammatory status is associated with unsuccessful PCI of SVG in ACS patients. Increased PLR levels on admission is an independent predictor of this situation. This cheap and simple marker can help us to predict unsuccessful SVG PCI in ACS patients.
Treatment of Common Calcaneal Tendon Rupture Using a Central Gastrocnemius Turnover Aponeurotic Flap Technique in a Dog
Authors: Minei Sergio , Cinti Filippo , Pompei Brunella , Abrescia Paolo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 9-year-old, intact male, German wirehaired pointer was referred for suspected Achilles tendon rupture 3 weeks after an injury. A three-loop pulley suture pattern combined with a locking loop suture reduced the gap between the tendon ends to 7 mm and a central gastrocnemius turnover aponeurotic flap was used to cover the remaining gap. A type II free-form methyl methacrylate transarticular external skeletal fixator was used to keep the tarsocrural joint in extension until 45 days postoperatively. Short- and long-term clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations showed gradual improvement in weight-bearing and progressive tendon healing. At 6 months after surgery, the dog had normal limb function and had returned to the previous activity level. To the authors' knowledge, this tendon repair technique has been described in humans and in one cat but has not yet been reported in dogs.
Force Distribution in the Canine Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint on Extension of the Carpal Joint: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Martin Stephen A. , Kirby Barbara M. , Kelly Gabrielle , Gilchrist Michael D. , Milgram Joshua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to measure the load on the lateral and medial aspects of the proximal radio-ulnar joint during extension of the carpus.Study Design This was an ex vivo biomechanical study.Sample Population Twenty-two cadaveric Greyhound thoracic limbs were used.Methods Twenty-two paired thoracic limbs were used. The olecranon was attached to a custom jig with the foot resting on a stationary anvil. Load sensors were inserted into the proximal radio-ulnar joint, between the radial head and the lateral coronoid process, and between the radial head and the medial coronoid process. Specimens were tested under compression with measurements taken at 0, 4, 9 and 13.5 mm of axial displacement. Data collected at each point included forces on the specimen and medial and lateral coronoid processes as well as the angle of carpal joint extension.Results A linear mixed effects model relating load on the specimen and carpal joint extension angle had an R-squared value of 0.66, and load at the level of the medial coronoid process and angle of carpal extension had an R-squared value of 0.61. There was a significant difference in the loads measured on the lateral and medial coronoid processes at all angles (p < 0.0001).Conclusion Extension of the carpus results in asymmetric loading of the proximal radio-ulnar joint.Clinical Significance The findings of this study show that loading of the medial coronoid process may be more complex than originally thought and supports the future investigation of novel management and therapeutic options for affected patients.
Anatomy, Exposure, and Preparation of Recipient Vessels in Microsurgical Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Xu Hope , Jazayeri Leila , Matros Evan , Henderson Peter W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSuccessful microvascular reconstruction of head and neck defects requires the ability to safely identify, isolate, and utilize recipient vessels. To date, however, a comprehensive review of the anatomy and techniques relevant to the available anatomic regions has not been undertaken. This review covers the relevant clinical anatomy of the anterior triangle, posterior triangle, submandibular region, intraoral region, preauricular region, chest, and arm, taking particular care to highlight the structures that are crucial to identify while performing each dissection. Finally, a step-by-step technique for safely dissecting the recipient vessels at each site is provided.
Lessons Learnt from Recent Trials in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Mandrola John M. , Kaul Sanjay , Foy Andrew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFour recently published randomized controlled trials have informed the care of patients with stable ischemic heart disease. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to offer a summary and critical appraisal of the recent evidence. We aim to aid clinicians in the translation of the trial evidence to patient care.
Direct Oral Anticoagulant Concentrations in Obese and High Body Weight Patients: A Cohort Study
Authors: Martin Anne Céline , Thomas William , Mahir Zahra , Crowley Maeve P. , Dowling Terry , Breen Karen , Collings Victoria , Moore Gary W. , MacDonald Stephen , Hunt Beverley J. , Cohen Alexander T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are prescribed for atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) and both occur more frequently in obese patients. Outcomes from DOAC trials included few individuals ≥ 120 kg leading to uncertainty whether high body weight (BW) reduces DOAC concentrations.
Objectives This article investigates the relationship between factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor concentrations, BW, and renal function, and compares them in high BW patients with unselected populations.
Methods Consecutive patients in two United Kingdom centers, weighing ≥ 120 kg receiving 5 mg twice daily apixaban or 20 mg once daily rivaroxaban for AF or VTE were prospectively included. Peak or trough concentrations were measured using specific chromogenic assays, expressed in mean or median (5th–95th percentiles). On-therapy range was the interval from the 5th percentile trough concentration to the 95th percentile peak concentration.
Results One hundred patients were included; age range: 23 to 78 years, 31% were women, 58% had AF, creatinine clearance range: 67 to 474 mL/min. Median BW was 139 kg, and 84% had body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m2. DOAC peak and trough concentrations varied from 44 to 727 and 14 to 299 ng/mL, respectively. There was no linear relationship between FXa inhibitor concentrations at peak or trough and BW or BMI, and creatinine clearance. Apixaban troughs in AF and rivaroxaban peaks in VTE were lower than in unselected populations. However, only two trough concentrations were below the expected range, and 109/116 were within the on-therapy range.
Conclusion These data indicated that obese or high BW patients generally achieve therapeutic FXa inhibitor concentrations. However, further investigations assessing clinical outcomes are required.
Staging Severity of COVID-19 according to Hemostatic Abnormalities (CAHA Score)
Authors: Marchandot Benjamin , Trimaille Antonin , Curtiaud Anaïs , Carmona Adrien , Matsushita Kensuke , Sato Chisato , Leonard-Lorant Ian , Sattler Laurent , Grunebaum Lelia , Ohana Mickaël , Ohlmann Patrick , Jesel Laurence , Morel Olivier 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis is the first study to show a stepwise increase in venous thrombotic events according to COVID-19 coagulopathy (COVID-19-associated hemostatic abnormalities [CAHA]) staging and lung injuries assessed by chest computed tomography. Excess mortality and/or transfer to intensive care unit according to CAHA staging.