bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Works experience of chainsaw operators in peat swamp forest plantation in increasing timber productivity and efficiency
Authors: Suhartana S , Yuniawati  
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Felling is one of the logging activities that determines wood production. The appropriate and correct felling technique in plantation forests can increase the Efficiency of Timber Utilization (ETU). This research was conducted in one of the peat swamp forest plantation in Riau. The research objective is to determine the effect of work experience on the productivity and ETU in peat swamp forest plantations. The research method is by measuring the volume of wood harvested through local felling technique carried out by two chainsaw operators with different work experience. The results showed that: 1) The work experience of the chainsaw operator can effect felling productivity, production cost and ETU; 2) The average felling productivity produced by operator B is 10.151 m3/hour higher than operator A which is 8.888 m3/hour; 3) The average felling production cost for operator B is IDR 9,319.83/m3 lower than operator A which is IDR 10,812.79/m3; and 4) The lowest possible felling technique can increase ETU by 5% which is equivalent to an additional profit for the company of IDR 3,769,075,000/year.
A simple reducing water content technique for stingless bee honey (Heterotrigona itama) in South Kalimantan
Authors: Halwany W , Hakim S S , Rahmanto B , Wahyuningtyas R S , Siswadi  , Andriani S , Lestari F 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWater content is one of the parameters of the honey product quality. Unlike Apis honey product, honey from stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) have higher water content. To meet the required standard, reducing water content of stingless bee honey need to be done. Therefore, in this study we aim to find out the effect of using honey water content reducer device to water content and quality of stingless bee honey. We modified simple drying cupboard with heat pad to reduce honey water content. Moreover, nutrient analysis was carried out to know whether the drying process affect its nutrient quality. Six sample of stingless bee honey which was placed in a container (thickness=0.5 cm) and the temperature was set at 40°C. According to the study, to reach the recommended honey water content (21-22%) it takes approximately 3 hours with a value of R=0.848 in addition, drying treatment (40°C) did not affect the nutritional quality of stingless bee honey.
Color and dimensional stability of fast growing teakwood by mild pyrolysis and combination process
Authors: Kartikawati A , Wahyudi I , Pari G , Karlinasari L 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFast-growing teakwood had been subjected to Mild Pyrolysis (MP) and combination (MP + steam) processes. Performa of treated wood was evaluated by surface color change, mass loss, and dimensional stability. The CIELab. system was used to evaluate the color change, while anti-swelling efficiency was used to determine dimensional stability. The two processes were conducted within pyrolysis reactor under atmospheric pressure in the presence of limited oxygen. MP process was applied by heating the wood for 2 hours at 170 and 190°C without steam, while combination process was employed by flowing steam for 0.5 and 1 hour during the 2 hours heating period. The result showed total color change and dimensional stability increased along with the increase in temperature. Even though MP process could reduced water absorption and swelling, but combination process permits a better results. Treated wood by MP and steam has lower total color change and mass loss, but greater dimensional stability.
Potential uses of teak leaf litter for liquid smoke and of other utilizations: A review
Authors: Gusmailina  , Komarayati S , Wibisono H S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of the high-quality wood-producing trees. Large trees, straight trunk, large leafy, with the height reach 30-40 m. The nature and characteristics of teak trees usually drop their leaves every dry season, and this will cause problems for the surrounding community because the dry leaves fall into waste and have not been utilized properly. Waste of dried teak leaves will accumulate under the stands of teak trees, and in the dry season can be a trigger for forest fires. the teak leaves contain 48.51% bounded carbon, 6.61% moisture content, 31.72% ash content, 13.17% volatile content, and density 0.65 g/cm. In addition, teak leaves also contain flavonoid compounds, protein, nine phenolic acid or tannin compounds as well as crude fiber content covered in lignin of 22.9. Based on the content in the dry teak leaf litter waste, this paper presents an effort to use it into a number of useful products, one of which is the utilization of dry teak leaf litter waste for liquid smoke, and several other uses carried out by communities around the teak forest such as for charcoal briquettes, compost, medicine, and animal feed. Analysis of liquid smoke was carried out at the Integrated Laboratory of the Forest Products Research and Development Center using the Pyrolysis GCMS method. Meanwhile, other results are a review of several studies conducted by the community.
The consumer preferences for new styrax based perfume products using a conjoint analysis approach
Authors: Kholibrina C R , Aswandi A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Thousands of tons of raw styrax resin are exported, while various derivative products with millions of dollars in value are imported for centuries. Tobarium Styrax Perfume is the first domestic product that explores the styrax essential oil formula for signature perfumes. The objective of study is to determine consumer preferences for a new styrax based perfume product. A conjoint analysis approach was utilized to determine consumer preferences for these innovation products. Fifty consumers were asked to provide an assessment of the combination of perfume products. Data processing was assisted by computer with SPSS 14.0 program. The influence of five product profiles on consumer preference including scent variant, package, volume, grade of essential oil, and prices were examined. The results show that higher utility values indicate greater preference. The highest utility value is indicated by factor grade (essential oil concentration), this illustrates the respondents’ greatest preference for the quality of signature perfume. The scent variant (importance value 53.958) has the most influence on overall preference. This means that there is a large difference in preference between product profiles containing the most and the least desired scents. This is because the preference for a particular scent is personal and unique which might have affected the perception of respondents. The highest consumer’s preference is a perfume with scent Rizla, package spray, volume 25 mL, grade signature perfume and price IDR 120,000. The grade and price play a significant role but not as significant as scent variant. Two statistics, Pearson’s R and Kendall’s tau, provides high correlation between the observed and estimated preferences. This information is expected to encourage this domestic innovation product development.
Consumer acceptance on product diversification of Bengkirai (Shorea laevis): Attitudes, expectations and perception
Authors: Maharani R , Fernandes A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bengkirai/Irai (Shorea laevis) is one of the potential species of Dipterocarps that is widely known as an antioxidant source that it can be utilized as a traditional herbal medicine for forest communities in East Kalimantan. However, no product diversification of Irai was introduced in the industrial scale yet. This study is therefore intended to introduced some products diversification of Irai as featured NTFPs products to give better understanding that herbal medicine is not a herbal product that it has been bitter tastes or old-fashioned. Besides, this study is also aimed to compare the difference in consumers’ attitudes, expectations, and perceptions towards product diversification of Irai if they have or do not have experience with those products. In this study, some products diversification of Irai were introduced, and divide into beverages (Irai tea and Irai beer) and desserts (Irai Plain Pudding and Irai silky Pudding). Organoleptic or consumer sensory analysis of these products was tested on 50 adult panelists by using a Hedonic scale with 5 classifications (very dislike, dislike, neutral, like, and very like). Data analysis was performed descriptively by using Excel and presented in the graphic. If organoleptic assessment that significantly affected observational variables, then advanced test (T-test) followed by using SPSS 16. Sensory analysis for dessert products showed there was a statistically significant difference in taste (T-test = 0.005) and flavor (T-test = 0.01). While there was no significant difference in all sensory parameters in beverage products. A recent study was also indicated that these products provided 2-3 times the economic benefit. It means these products need to be developed into a new business by developing an entrepreneurial spirit for improved a local community’s income.
The activated carbon produced from mayan bamboo (Gigantochloa robusta Kurz) and its application as dye removal
Authors: Efiyanti L , Indrawan D A , Hastuti N , Darmawan S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bamboo pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 400°C for 4 hours to obtain a carbon as a pyrolysis product. The carbon soaked using potassium hydroxide (KOH) 5.35 M for 24 hours. The carbon obtained heated in a reactor at a temperature of 800°C for 5 hours then washed and neutralized until activated carbon obtained. The characterization of activated carbon conducted based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 06-3730-1995). The methylene blue adsorption process using a concentration of 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm for 120 minutes reaction with the contact time variation are 30, 60, 90, 120,150, and 180 minutes in optimum concentration. The result shows that activated carbon has good quality based on SNI 06-3730-1995. The optimum methylene blue removal by bamboo activated carbon reached 99.77% in 120 minutes reaction and the adsorption type follows Langmuir isotherm.
Assessing ultrastructure and density properties to predict wood hardness of young fast grown plantation teak
Authors: Damayanti R , Dewi L M , Ozarska B , Illic J , Pari G , Krisdianto  
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of plantation timber has been increasing to supply raw material for timber manufacturing. Super teak (Tectona grandisLinn. f), a fast grown teak planted in Indonesia was successfully harvested in very young age (5 years old). This frequently rises queries whether the young super teak could meet the minimum quality criteria for wood working. Investigation on wood properties should be undertaken to measure the required wood properties. However, physical and mechanical testings require a long time process and large size samples. Therefore, a non-destructive method to predict wood properties of standing trees need to be developed. This study aims to assess ultrastructure and density properties to predict wood hardness of young fast grown plantation teak. Samples were collected from super teak plantation in East and West Java. Crystallinity and its quantifiers were measured using X-Ray Diffraction. The hardness was determined using an Instron® universal strength testing machine. The result showed that wood density was significantly related to wood hardness for all structural directions; the power relationship explained 52-56% of the variation. Degree of crystallinity (DC) and crystallite width were found as parameters affecting wood hardness. DC was positively correlated to wood hardness for all structural directions (r=0.2; r2=0.04), whereas crystallite width was negatively correlated to radial and end-grain hardness (r=0.2; r2=0.04). The power of prediction increased only by 1-5% when crystallinity factors were included with density, thus the extra effort of using XRD is not warranted for non-destructive prediction of wood hardness.
Chemical components content of seven Indonesian bamboo species
Authors: Maulana M I , Marwanto M , Nawawi D S , Nikmatin S , Febrianto F , Kim N H 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChemical components content of seven Indonesian bamboo species were investigated. Bamboo species used in this study including Andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea), Tali bamboo (G.apus), Hitam bamboo (G. artoviolacea), Betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper), Sembilang bamboo (D. giganteus), Ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris), and Kuning bamboo (B. vulgaris var. striata). Holocellulose, alphacellulose, Klason lignin, acid-soluble lignin, extractives content, and pH value were determined. The highest holocellulose and alphacellulose content were found in Ampel and Hitam bamboo, respectively. Sembilang bamboo has the highest lignin content. Generally, Ampel bamboo has the highest extractives content. The pH value of the seven bamboo species showed that all bamboo species tend to be acidic.
Sound damping and sound absorption of Acacia mangium from various diameter
Authors: Rangga A , Salmia  , Yunianti A D , Putranto B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Previous studies recommend acacia wood to be used as an acoustic component of the panel (sound dampening). This study wanted to obtain optimal diameter information in the use of Acacia mangium as raw material for acoustic panels. Given the diameter of the wood related with the development of cells that occur in trees that affect the other basic properties of the wood. The research tree of the acacia wood with diameter of 17 cm, 25 cm and 35 cm. The basic properties of the wood being tested are vessel diameter, density and MOE. While the acoustic properties are sound damping and sound absorption. The results showed the acoustic properties of acacia wood were not influenced by diameter, but related to the basic properties of wood such as vessel diameter, density and MOE.
Effect of ethanol polarity on extraction yield, antioxidant, and sunscreen activities of phytochemicals from Gyrinops versteegii leaves
Authors: Sari R K , Wahyuningrum M , Rafi M , Wientarsih I 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGyrinops versteegiiis one of the agarwood-producing species that is popularly cultivated in Indonesia. This research aimed to determine the yield, in vitro antioxidant and sunscreen activities ofG. versteegiileaf phytochemicals (extracts) from the maceration with ethanol solvents at various polarities (E100%, E50%, E0%) and to analyze the total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts. The result shows that the polarity of ethanol affects the yield, antioxidant and sunscreen activities, and TPC of the extract. The E50% dissolved extract is the highest yield (19.14%), antioxidant activity (DPPH and CUPRAC test value are 35.82 and 389.52 μmol trolox/g sample), sunscreen activity (sun protection value is 14.9) and TPC (89.35 mg/g AGE) with TFC 0.485%.
Characterization of ball-milled sago pith waste-based activated carbon treated with KOH and KMnO4 as activating agent
Authors: Qanytah  , Syamsu K , Fahma F , Pari G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The potential use of sago pith waste to produce activated carbon were studied. This study examined the effect of KOH or KMnO4 as activating agent on producing ball milled sago pith waste-based activated carbon. Activation was done using KOH or KMnO4 at 2.5% and 5% concentration, heated in a reactor to reach 800°C for 1 hour, and then continue steamed for 1 hour. Sample size was reduced to <500 nm using high-energy ball-milling at 500 rpm for 150 min. Analysis included the yield, water content, ash content, volatile matter, burnt-off weight percentage, morphology analysis, functional groups analysis (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR), crystallinity analysis (X-ray diffraction, XRD), and surface area analysis (Brunauer, Emmelt, and Teller/BET). Ball-milling treatment produced sago pith waste activated carbon of 585.40 nm and a particle distribution index (PDI) score of 0.673. The activated carbon that met the criteria of SNI 06-3730-1995 for moisture content and volatile matter were sago pith waste with activating agent KMnO4 5%, and sago pith waste with activating agent KMnO4 5% & milling. The study showed the activated carbon that had the best Iodine number was sago pith waste with activating agent KOH 2.5% (619.40 mg/g). The activated carbon that met the criteria of SNI 06-3730-1995 for methylene blue adsorbtion capacity was sago pith waste with activating agent KOH 2.5% & milling and sago pith waste with activating agent KOH 5% & milling. The activated carbon with the highest surface area was sago pith waste with activating agent KOH 2.5% & milling. The best activated carbon based on all parameters was sago pith waste with activating agent KOH 2.5% & milling.
Fuel substitution by wood gasification for diesel electricity generator
Authors: Siregar U J , Lestari A , Rusniarsyah L , Siregar C A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gasification is a technology for converting biomass into energy in the form of gas. The gas produced can be used as fuel in a diesel generator with dual fuel system. The purposes of this study were to identify the gasification characteristics of sengon, pine, and caliandra woods, as well as wood pellet to produce burnable gas and to analyze the role of burnable gas produced in reducing diesel input in a dual system generator engine. In this study, a locally designed downdraft gasifier and a commercially available diesel engine generator with 12 kW maximum power output were used. The study investigated wood consumption rate, color of fire, and percentage of diesel savings from each wood type. Gasification process was running well, of which burned woods and wood pellet produced an orange-stable flame. The consumption rate of wood was 18 kg/hour for sengon, 15 kg/hour for calliandra, 8 kg/hour for Pine, while wood pellet was 6 kg/hour. Diesel savings with gas co-firing was 33%, 50% and 95% for sengon, calliandra and pine respectively. The low efficiency of diesel savings may due to heat radiation in the reactor and heat loss in the gas purification process or a decrease in efficiency of the diesel generator engine.
High translucent of polymeric membrane reinforced by nanocellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches
Authors: Hastuti N , Kanomata K , Kitaoka T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Polymeric membranes have gained high interest since they provide great potential to be used as functional products in energy, electronics and remediation applications. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs) extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) cross-linked with poly(methyl vinyl ether co-maleic acid)/PMVEMA and poly(ethylene glycol)/(PEG) by insitu polymerization to produce polymeric membranes. Characterization of resultant polymeric membranes was employed by microscopic observation to evaluate membrane morphology. UV-Vis analysis and mechanical testing were conducted to observe the effect of nanocellulose addition towards membrane translucent and mechanical properties. Results indicated that the presence of nanocellulose improved membrane translucent and mechanical properties by only 5 weight (wt)% of addition. CNCs addition has higher translucent improvement on polymeric membrane compared to TOCNs. However, TOCNs addition has higher improvement in mechanical properties than CNCs. Polymeric membrane reinforced by nanocellulose has potential utilization for thin film-based composite.
Shear strength and subterranean termite resistance of polystyrene impregnated sengon (Falcataria moluccana) glulam
Authors: Nurhanifah  , Hermawan D , Hadi Y S , Arsyad W O M , Abdillah I B 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate shear strength and improve the resistance of glulam from sengon(Falcataria moluccana)wood through the preliminary treatment of polystyrene impregnation. Sengon laminas were impregnated with polystyrene and made into two-layer glulam using isocyanate adhesives. The glulam was tested for shear strength according to American Standard for Testing Materials D-905-98, and exposed to subterranean termite attack in the laboratory scale according to Indonesian standard SNI 7207-2014. The untreated glulam and solid wood were used as a comparison purposes, and the tested samples were six replicas. The polymer loading of polystyrene glulam was 28.7%. The results showed that shear strength of solid wood was not significantly different from glulam, it means that impregnation process of the styrene on sengon wood does not affect the gluing process. The polystyrene impregnated glulam had better resistant to termite attack than solid wood, but it was not significantly different from the untreated glulam. To get better resistance it could be further study for higher polymer loading in glulam manufacturing.
Microfibrillated cellulose from sweet sorghum (Shorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) fiber by twin screw extruder and its charateristics on polylactic acid biocomposites
Authors: Suryanegara L , Kusumaningrum W B , Zalesti J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
High tensile strength and modulus could be obtained by microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) addition into PLA matric. MFC production from sweet sorghum fiber with twin screw extruder (TSE) could be an effective mechanical treatment. The objective of this research is to study the effectivity of twin screw extruders for MFC production from sweet sorghum fiber and to analyze its effect on PLA biocomposites properties. Sorghum fiber was firstly delignificated with alkaline treatments and bleached with sodium peroxide solution to produce high cellulose content of fiber. Bleached sorghum fiber was then passed through into TSE for 1, 3, and 5 passes. Afterward, PLA biocomposites with MFC from TSE process were produced by the solvent casting method. Twin screw extruder with co-rotating intermeshing flow is effective for defibrillation and size reduction of cellulose fibers which could achieve 1-10 μm in diameter and millimeters in length.. The tensile strength of PLAM_TSE5 increase 4.54% in 50.60 Mpa and modulus of elasticity increase 40.36% in 2.82 Gpa. Storage modulus of PLAM_TSE5 also increases 10.64% in 3.088 Mpa compare to pure PLA.
Properties of fibreboard (FBs) and recycle fibreboard (rFBs) and analysis of their wastage after recycling
Authors: Nuryawan A , Risnasari I , Pohan A P , Husna A U , Nasution T I , Banurea R , Hartini K S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Fibreboards (FBs) bonded by urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin derived from industry were intended to undergo cyclist test, a simulation of recycling activity. Objective of this study was to compare quality of FBs before and after recycling including analyse its wastage. Methods of this study were consisted of evaluation physical and mechanical properties of FBs before recycling, cyclist test, remanufacturing FBs, evaluation recycle FBs (rFBs), comparing the properties between FBs and rFBs and analysing the wastage of recycling activity both solid residue and liquid disposal. Results of this study showed physical and mechanical properties of FBs changed after recycling presumably because of the difference in reproduction method. Some physical properties showed better quality, while the mechanical properties performed decrease drastically. Cyclist test predicted that FBs were more resistant in 3 (three) cyclist compared to that of rFBs. There was wastage of recycling consisting of macro solid fibre with length dimension of 1000.51±339.21 μm and micro solid fibre with variation in distribution size. Liquid disposal (LD) contained nitrogen (N) with amount 0.05% presumably from sol fraction of UF resin. These findings suggested that remanufacturing of rFBs was feasible even though wastage of recycling activity was inevitable. Fortunately, LD can be utilized further for example for fertilizer because the N content exists.