bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimensionality Reduction of SDSS Spectra with Variational Autoencoders
Authors: Portillo Stephen K. N. , Parejko John K. , Vergara Jorge R. , Connolly Andrew J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
High-resolution galaxy spectra contain much information about galactic physics, but the high dimensionality of these spectra makes it difficult to fully utilize the information they contain. We apply variational autoencoders (VAEs), a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique, to a sample of spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In contrast to principal component analysis (PCA), a widely used technique, VAEs can capture nonlinear relationships between latent parameters and the data. We find that a VAE can reconstruct the SDSS spectra well with only six latent parameters, outperforming PCA with the same number of components. Different galaxy classes are naturally separated in this latent space, without class labels having been given to the VAE. The VAE latent space is interpretable because the VAE can be used to make synthetic spectra at any point in latent space. For example, making synthetic spectra along tracks in latent space yields sequences of realistic spectra that interpolate between two different types of galaxies. Using the latent space to find outliers may yield interesting spectra: in our small sample, we immediately find unusual data artifacts and stars misclassified as galaxies. In this exploratory work, we show that VAEs create compact, interpretable latent spaces that capture nonlinear features of the data. While a VAE takes substantial time to train (≈1 day for 48,000 spectra), once trained, VAEs can enable the fast exploration of large astronomical data sets.
On the Shape of SEP Electron Spectra: The Role of Interplanetary Transport
Authors: Strauss R. D. , Dresing N. , Kollhoff A. , Brüdern M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We address the effect of particle scattering on the energy spectra of solar energetic electron events using (i) an observational and (ii) a modeling approach. (i) We statistically study observations of the STEREO spacecraft, using directional electron measurements made with the Solar Electron and Proton Telescope in the range of 45–425 keV. We compare the energy spectra of the anti-Sunward propagating beam with that of the backward-scattered population and find that, on average, the backward-scattered population shows a harder spectrum with the effect being stronger at higher energies. (ii) We use a numerical solar energetic particle (SEP) transport model to simulate the effect of particle scattering (both in terms of pitch angle and perpendicular to the mean field) on the spectrum. We find that pitch-angle scattering can lead to spectral changes at higher energies (E > 100 keV) and further away from the Sun (r > 1 au), which are also often observed. At lower energies, and closer to the Sun, the effect of pitch-angle scattering is much more reduced, so that the simulated energy spectra still resemble the injected power-law functions. When examining pitch-angle-dependent spectra, we find, in agreement with the observational results, that the spectra of the backward-propagating electrons are harder than that of the forward (from the Sun) propagating population. We conclude that Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe will be able to observe the unmodulated omnidirectional SEP electron spectrum close to the Sun at higher energies, giving a direct indication of the accelerated spectrum.
RedMaPPer: Evolution and Mass Dependence of the Conditional Luminosity Functions of Red Galaxies in Galaxy Clusters
Authors: To Chun-Hao , Reddick Rachel M. , Rozo Eduardo , Rykoff Eli , Wechsler Risa H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We characterize the luminosity distribution, halo-mass dependence, and redshift evolution of red galaxies in galaxy clusters using the SDSS Data Release 8 redMaPPer cluster sample. We propose a simple prescription for the relationship between the luminosity of both red central and red satellite galaxies and the mass of their host halos, and show that this model is well fit by the data. Using a larger galaxy cluster sample than previously employed in the literature, we find that the luminosities of red central galaxies scale as

, with A

L
= 0.39 ± 0.04, and that the scatter of the red central galaxy luminosity at fixed M
200b
(

) is

dex, with the error bar including systematics due to mis-centering of the cluster finder, photometry, and photometric redshift estimation. Our data prefers a positive correlation between the luminosity of red central galaxies and the observed richness of clusters at a fixed halo mass, with an effective correlation coefficient

. The characteristic luminosity of red satellites becomes dimmer from z = 0.3 to z = 0.1 by ∼20% after accounting for passive evolution. We estimate the fraction of galaxy clusters where the brightest red galaxy is not the central to be P
BNC ∼ 20%. We discuss implications of these findings in the context of galaxy evolution and the galaxy–halo connection.
Weak-lensing Peak Statistics in Mocks by the Inverse-Gaussianization Method
Authors: Chen Zhao , Yu Yu , Liu Xiangkun , Fan Zuhui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recent studies have shown the great power of peak counts in weak-lensing maps. In this work, we apply the inverse-Gaussianization method proposed in Yu et al. to produce weak-lensing convergence maps quickly and investigate the peak statistics, including the peak height counts and peak steepness counts in these mocks. The distributions of peak height and steepness are in good agreement with the simulation results. The difference is ≲20% for these peak statistics in the maps at source redshift z

s
= 1. Also, the loss of off-diagonal elements in the peak covariance motivates us to consider the super-sample variance in weak-lensing peak statistics. We propose four correction methods to effectively recover the (anti)correlation among different bins by adding different scatters in the mean value of these mocks. Finally, as an example of the application, we adopt the improved inverse-Gaussianization method to quickly generate 40,000 mocks to calculate precision matrices for the power spectrum and peak-statistics joint analysis.
Spin–Orbit Alignment of the β Pictoris Planetary System
Authors: Kraus Stefan , Le Bouquin Jean-Baptiste , Kreplin Alexander , Davies Claire L. , Hone Edward , Monnier John D. , Gardner Tyler , Kennedy Grant , Hinkley Sasha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A crucial diagnostic that can tell us about processes involved in the formation and dynamical evolution of planetary systems is the angle between the rotation axis of a star and a planet's orbital angular momentum vector (“spin–orbit” alignment or “obliquity”). Here we present the first spin–orbit alignment measurement for a wide-separation exoplanetary system, namely on the directly imaged planet β Pictoris b. We use VLTI/GRAVITY spectro-interferometry with an astrometric accuracy of 1 μas (microarcsecond) in the Brγ photospheric absorption line to measure the photocenter displacement associated with the stellar rotation. Taking inclination constraints from astroseismology into account, we constrain the three-dimensional orientation of the stellar spin axis and find that β Pic b orbits its host star on a prograde orbit. The angular momentum vectors of the stellar photosphere, the planet, and the outer debris disk are well aligned with mutual inclinations ≤3° ± 5°, which indicates that β Pic b formed in a system without significant primordial misalignments. Our results demonstrate the potential of infrared interferometry to measure the spin–orbit alignment for wide-separation planetary systems, probing a highly complementary regime to the parameter space accessible with the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect. If the low obliquity is confirmed by measurements on a larger sample of wide-separation planets, it would lend support to theories that explain the obliquity in Hot Jupiter systems with dynamical scattering and the Kozai–Lidov mechanism.
Looking for NTDs in the skin; an entry door for offering patient centered holistic care
Authors: Abdela Seid Getahun , Diro Ermias , Zewdu Feleke Tilahun , Berhe Fentaw Tadese , Yeshaneh Wendimagegn Enbiale , Tamirat Koku Sisay , Tweya Hannock , Timire Collins , Van Griensven Johan 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The majority of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have established primary skin manifestations or associated clinical feature. Skin NTDs often result in physical impairment and disfigurement, which can lead to disability. Skin diseases have been proposed as an entry point for integrated NTDs control. However, the magnitude and overlap of skin NTDs is poorly understood.
Methodology: An institution-based cross-sectional study was done using medical records of dermatology patients between July 2017 and June 2018 in a dermatology service in Northeast Ethiopia. A total of 661 patient records were selected using simple random sampling.
Results: A total of 656 complete records were included in analysis. Skin NTDs constituted 17.2% (n = 113) of the overall of skin diseases. Of skin NTDS, cutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 40; 35.4%), leprosy (n = 38; 33.6%), and scabies (n = 31; 27.4%) were the most common. Additionally, there were four cases of mycetoma. Of the non NTDs, poverty-related infections such as superficial fungal (n = 118; 21.1%) and bacterial (n = 33; 5.2%) infections were also frequent. Tinea capitis was the most common superficial fungal infections. Impetigo and cellulitis were the predominant bacterial infections.
Conclusions: Skin NTDsand other poverty related skin infections were common at the dermatology service. Dermatological services could act as a good entry point for integrated management of skin NTDs. Future studies should assess how different preventive strategies like contact tracing, early diagnosis and mass drug administration can be integrated.
High levels of scabies and malnutrition amongst orphans referred to a hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Arega Balew , Diro Ermias , Zewude Taye , Getahun Tadesse , Agunie Asnake , Owiti Philip , Senkoro Mbazi , Van Henten Saskia 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Orphans are at high risk for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and other comorbidities such as malnutrition. We investigated how many orphans suffered from scabies, other NTDs and malnutrition.
Methodology: A descriptive study using medical records of orphans referred to a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from December 2014 to December 2018 was done. Files documenting NTDs were reviewed in detail for age, referral diagnosis, and nutritional status. Nutritional assessment was done using the WHO Standard growth curve, classifying children as stunted (height for age Z score < -2SD or wasted (weight for length Z score < -2SD).
Results: Of the 852 orphans referred, 23.1% (196/852) was diagnosed with scabies, amongst which 28.1% (55/196) had multiple episodes. The median age (interquartile range) of the children with scabies was 3 (2-5) months. 85.2% (169/196) of the orphans with scabies were stunted and /or wasted. No other NTDs were reported. All of the scabies cases identified were not documented in the referral letter of the orphanage.
Conclusions: There is ongoing transmission of scabies among children in the orphanage. Amongst orphans with scabies, an alarmingly high percentage was malnourished. Referrals from orphanages may provide an opportunity to detect NTDs and this is being missed.
La justice à l’épreuve des violences au sein du couple
Authors: Rome Isabelle 
Published: June 2020

Les violences conjugales sont au cœur des combats féministes, faisant désormais l’objet d’une mobilisation sans précédent au sein de la société française. À travers des manifestations et des écrits, ou par le biais des réseaux sociaux, cette dernière met en cause les pouvoirs publics, qu’elle accuse souvent d’inaction dans ce domaine. La justice ne peut rester sourde à cette interpellation. Par une politique volontariste initiée en 2019, le ministère de la Justice s’est notamment engagé dans une démarche de concertation avec la société civile. Quelles en sont les ressorts, les limites, et les espoirs ?
La mythologie de l’égalité : entre valeur républicaine et féminisme de l’altérité
Authors: Sénac Réjane 
Published: June 2020

L’égalité femmes-hommes est désormais un sujet politique incontournable. Sa proclamation, le 25 novembre 2017, comme grande cause du quinquennat par le président Macron participe d’un récit politique l’érigeant en valeur de la République française. Cela signifie-t-il que, dans la France du début du xxi e siècle, le féminisme est devenu un consensus, ou n’est-il pas plutôt une novlangue ? Nous répondrons à cette interrogation en questionnant l’actualité et l’actualisation de la cohabitation paradoxale de deux mythes entremêlés, l’égalité et la complémentarité femmes-hommes.
Une cassure de l’accès symbolique à la maternité dans le nouage de l’alcoolisme féminin
Authors: Favennec Mathieu , Planche Pascale , Sculo Chaiban Tiphaine 
Published: June 2020

La période actuelle, dite « moderne », nous convoque à une restructuration du rapport aux objets. Nos contemporains réinventent le discours théorique, teinté de néologismes, afin de saisir ce qui est induit par cette modernité. De l’individu à l’hyper-consommateur, le capitalisme du xx e siècle nous a transportés vers un monde de plus-de-jouir, véhiculant lui-même l’hyper-consommation. De cette dernière, certains sujets peuvent trouver une fonction dans l’addiction. L’énigme de cette clinique est de pouvoir entendre, dans cet innommable que constitue une conduite addictive, si la fonction est dépendante d’une catégorisation. La question qui sera ici posée est la suivante : se peut-il qu’il existe une fonction propre au genre féminin quand on parle d’addiction ? À travers trois cas cliniques, venant d’horizons nationaux différents, nous étudierons cette fonction sous le prisme du rapport à la projection maternelle.
Development of a Clinical Judgment Measurement Model-Based Simulation Module for Ileus: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Jang Aeri , Kim Suhyun , Song Mi Ok 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Despite the increasing prevalence of simulation education, a specific clinical judgment measurement model-based simulation module for ileus has yet to be developed.

Method:
Using a mixed-methods research design, quantitative data were collected through a survey, and qualitative data were collected through reflective journals. Collected data were used to develop a simulation module, which subsequently was implemented with 88 nursing students from Korea.

Results:
Quantitative analyses confirmed the module effectively improved participants' knowledge of ileus, clinical skill, and performance ability. Qualitative analysis of the journals identified five themes and 11 subthemes in three domains.

Conclusion:

The developed scenario effectively enhanced nursing students' learning, implying that similar modules for various diseases may help students to acquire necessary nursing skills. However, current results cannot be generalized; a more accurate analysis of its effects requires further and repeated studies to compare clinical decision-based simulation modules with modules that apply different learning methods.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(7):382–387.]
Spatial diversity of planktonic protists in the Lagoon of Venice (LTER-Italy) based on 18S rDNA
Authors: Armeli Minicante Simona , Piredda Roberta , Finotto Stefania , Bernardi Aubry Fabrizio , Acri Francesco , Pugnetti Alessandra , Zingone Adriana 
Published: June 2020

Transitional waters are subject to a high degree of variability in space and time. In this study, protist plankton communities of the Lagoon of Venice were compared among four sites characterised by different environmental conditions with a metabarcoding approach. High throughput sequencing (HTS) of the V4-18S rDNA fragment in 32 samples collected on four dates, from April 2016 to February 2017, produced 1,137,113 reads, which were grouped into 4,058 OTUs at 97% similarity. Bacillariophyta and Ciliophora were the most abundant groups in the entire dataset in terms of read number (27.6% and 16.6%, respectively), followed by Dinophyta (10.9%), Cryptophyceae (9.7%), and Syndiniales (6.1%). The contribution of protist groups markedly varied across the seasons, but spatial differences were also recorded in the lagoon. In April, a higher contribution of Bacillariophyta characterized St1 and 5 (68.0% and 61.1%), whereas Sts2 and 3 showed a higher percentage of Ciliophora (18.6 and 23.4%, respectively) and dinoflagellates (10.3 and 7.7%). In July, diatom blooms occurred at Sts1, 2 and 3, with some differences in the dominant species. At St2 Dinophyta reached the highest contribution of the whole sampling period in the area (30.6%), while St5 was quite distinct, with a low contribution of diatoms and a dominance of Ciliophora (34.0%) and Trebouxiophyceae (36.4%). All the stations in November were characterized by relatively high abundance of Ciliophora (21.4-51.9%). In February, diatom contribution was relevant only at St5 (29.3%), Teleaulax acuta peaked at St3 (ca. 36%), Syndiniales at St2 (38.8%) and Dictyochophyceae at St1 (24.2%). The α-diversity indexes (observed OTUs, Shannon and Pielou evenness) showed a high variability over space and time. Overall, diversity and community composition were rather similar between the intermediate and deeper Sts2 and 3 on all sampling dates whereas they at time differed between the landward and shallow Sts1 and 5. While the most marked differences occurred over the temporal scale, the depth of the station and the relatedness with the external marine coastal environment appear to play a major role in the spatial distribution of protist communities within the lagoon.
Cancer and COVID-19: Currently in Race for the Title of “The Emperor of All Maladies!”
Authors: Wadhwa Jyoti , Saigal Aniket 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCancer has been the undisputed “Emperor of All Maladies” till now. The current COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc and seems to have displaced cancer from this notorious title. This narrative examines the facts and figures that have led to this succession.
Management of “Ultra-High Risk” Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia at a Tertiary Center in India
Authors: Patel Shilpa M , Arora Ruchi , Tiwari Rajnish , Poddar Pabashi , Desai Ava , Mankad Meeta H , Panchal Harsha P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study is to identify clinicopathological features associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cases of “ultra-high risk” gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) and to compare initial low-dose etoposide-cisplatin (EP) induction chemotherapy with respect to etoposide methotrexate adriamycin cyclophosphamide vincristine (EMACO) regimen. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective study of patients of high-risk GTN from January 2012 to December 2016 with criteria mentioned as “ultra-high-risk group;” pathological or suspected diagnosis of choriocarcinoma, multiple (>20) pulmonary metastases or associated with hemoptysis, brain metastases, large-volume liver metastases, profuse vaginal bleeding, human chorionic gonadotropin >1000,000 IU/L, interval since the last antecedent pregnancy of >2.8 years. Subjects and Methods: Comparison between the two groups of chemotherapy regimens and the median number of chemotherapy courses required to achieve complete remission was done Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 18 and Fisher's exact test with P value statistically significant at the level of 0.05. Results: Thirty-seven cases were high-risk GTN and 24 were “ultra-high risk.” The higher percentage of patients underwent remission of disease following low-dose induction chemotherapy as compared to primary EMACO therapy, 71.4% versus 58.8%. No resistance to second-line chemotherapy was noted, and no surgical intervention was required in the patients receiving low-dose induction chemotherapy before EMACO. Conclusions: We noted a decrease in the proportion of patients developing resistance to primary chemotherapy and lesser adverse effects in those receiving initial low-dose induction EP chemotherapy.
Endobronchial Lesion and Pericardial Extension of Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Rare Concomitant Presentation
Authors: Srikanta J T , Kumar K M Chandan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConcomitant endobronchial lesion and pericardial effusion/extension in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are extremely rare and can be clinically confused with disseminated tuberculosis or aggressive non-HL changing both management and prognosis. We present a 15-year-old adolescent with complaints of fever, weight loss, and acute onset of cough, chest pain, and breathing difficulty. Computed tomography of the thorax showed moderate-to-significant pericardial effusion/extension with significant mediastinal adenopathy. A bronchoscopy demonstrated a well-defined polypoidal mass lesion in the right upper lobe bronchus. Endobronchial biopsy of the lesion with endobronchial ultrasound/transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lymphadenopathy categorically diagnosed with classic HL.
The Role of Leukoaraiosis on Outcomes and Recombinant Tissue-Plasminogen Activator-Related Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhages in Acute Stroke
Authors: Eryildiz Ezgi Sezer , Özdemir Atilla Özcan , Yılmaz Dilek , Baş Demet Funda 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
We aimed to assess whether severe leukoaraiosis (LA) is associated with outcomes and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages (sICH) in patients who were treated with recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for acute stroke.

Methods:
We analyzed the data of anterior circulation stroke patients who were treated with rt-PA at our stroke center during 2009–2016. LA was scored according to the van Swieten scale (VSS) on computed tomography (CT) and dichotomized into groups as absent or moderate versus severe LA. We used the safe implementation of thrombolysis in stroke definition for sICH and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 3 months after rt-PA were recorded.

Results:
Of 302 patients, 47 (15.6%) showed severe LA (VSS >4) on CT. The overall sICH rate was 3.6%. Moreover, sICH was significantly more frequent in patients with severe LA (n = 5 of 47; 10.6%) than in patients with absent/moderate LA (n = 6 of 255; 2.4%; P = 0.017). In addition, patients with severe LA had higher baseline glucose level (P = 0.006) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.005) compared to patients with absent/moderate LA. Patients with severe LA were more likely to have a poor outcome (mRS: 3–6) compared to those without severe LA (P = 0.009).

Conclusion:
The presence of severe LA on CT increases the risk of sICH and poor outcome in patients treated with rt-PA for acute stroke.