bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable by design: a systematic review of factors for health promotion program sustainability
Authors: Bodkin Andrea , Hakimi Shawn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Sustaining health promotion programs (HPP) is critical to maintain their intended health benefits, community capacity, and to optimize resources and investment. However, not all programs are sustained beyond their initial implementation period. This is partly due to uncertainty regarding sustainability: lack of a clear definition; infrequent use of a sustainability framework; and lack of understanding of the factors that influence sustainability. The aim of this systematic review is to identify barriers and facilitators that promote or inhibit the sustainability of HPP, particularly those that can be considered in program planning.

Methods
Two search strategies were used: 1) electronic database searching; and 2) grey literature searching. Inclusion criteria included papers published since 1998, in English, focusing on the sustainability of HPP that explicitly used a sustainability framework and specifically reported on facilitators and barriers to sustainability. Exclusion criteria included papers that addressed environmental, system or sector sustainability. Quality assessment was conducted on all included papers and a quality assessment tool was developed for grey literature. Data analysis included a thematic analysis, using an a priori framework to initially code barriers and facilitators, which were then grouped into factors for HPP sustainability. Factors were then analyzed for frequency, importance, and relevance, and categorized into one of three tiers.

Results
Sixteen papers were included in this review. Eleven definitions of sustainability and 13 sustainability frameworks were used. A total of 83 barriers and 191 facilitators were identified and categorized into 14 factors: nine from the a priori framework, and five additional ones based on the results of our analysis. Tier 1 factors were the most important for sustainability with organizational capacity scoring the highest; tier 3, the least important.

Conclusion
This review provides clarity regarding existing definitions of sustainability and sustainability frameworks. It identifies fourteen factors that influence program sustainability, which practitioners can consider when planning, developing and implementing HPP. In addition, it is important for practitioners to clearly articulate program elements that should be sustained, define sustainability as it relates to the context of their program, select a sustainability framework to guide their work, and consider these factors for sustainability.
Breast Cancer messaging in Vietnam: an online media content analysis
Authors: Jenkins Chris , Ha Dinh Thu , Lan Vu Tuyet , Van Minh Hoang , Lohfeld Lynne , Murphy Paul , Ha Le Thi Hai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer incidence is increasing in Vietnam with studies indicating low levels of knowledge and awareness and late presentation. While there is a growing body of literature on challenges faced by women in accessing breast cancer services, and for delivering care, no studies have sought to analyse breast cancer messaging in the Vietnamese popular media. The aim of this study was to investigate and understand the content of messages concerning breast cancer in online Vietnamese newspapers in order to inform future health promotional content.

Methods
This study describes a mixed-methods media content analysis that counted and ranked frequencies for media content (article text, themes and images) related to breast cancer in six Vietnamese online news publications over a twelve month period.

Results
Media content (n = 129 articles & n = 237 images) sampled showed that although information is largely accurate, there is a marked lack of stories about Vietnamese women’s personal experiences. Such stories could help bridge the gap between what information about breast cancer is presented in the Vietnamese media, and what women in Vietnam understand about breast cancer risk factors, symptoms, screening and treatment.

Conclusions
Given findings from other studies indicating low levels of knowledge and women with breast cancer experiencing stigma and prejudice, more nuanced and in-depth narrative-focused messaging may be required.
Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS) in Qatar: initial experience
Authors: Abutaka A. , Ahmed A. , Abunada M. , Kurer M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS) has revolutionized local excision of mid and high rectal lesions; benign or malignant. It is a technique that is developed as a hybrid between Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM) and laparoscopic surgery for resection of rectal lesions.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data on patients who underwent TAMIS for benign and early malignant rectal lesions between Jan 2015 and Sept 2019, at Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
We assessed the following outcomes: feasibility, fragmentation of specimen, operative time, length of stay (LOS) post-operative complications, and margin negativity.

Results
Seventeen consecutive patients underwent TAMIS for benign and malignant rectal lesions. The average length of stay (LOS) is 1.5 days (1–6 days). Seven patients had different types of benign adenomas, five patients had proven adenocarcinoma, three patients had well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, one patient with hyperplastic polyp, and one patient had inflammatory polyp. No fragmentation occurred or detected by histopathologic examination, except in a patient who had inflammatory polyp, where the lesion removed in two fragments.

Conclusion
TAMIS procedure is feasible and safe even in a relatively low-volume colorectal unit. Using this tool, many patients can avoid unnecessary radical surgery. Therefore, we believe that TAMIS should form part of every specialized colorectal service repertoire. To our knowledge, this is the largest series in the gulf region.
Women’s experiences of rectovaginal fistula: an ethno- religious experience
Authors: Touhidi Nezhad Fatemeh , Jalali Rostam , Karimi Fozieh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Obstetric fistulas are one of the most tragic injuries that occur after difficult, prolonged childbirth without timely intervention. These fistulas cause discomfort to patients and result in emotional, social, and even physical suffering. The present study aimed to explore the experiences of women with rectovaginal fistula in Kamyaran city, in Kurdestan province, west of Iran.

Methods
In a phenomenological study, 16 patients, healthcare personnel, and patients’ families were investigated. Purposive sampling was performed and Study participants were interviewed in-depth semi-structured interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim (word by word), and analyzed by Colaizzi’s method. For determining the validity of the study, Lincoln and Guba’s criteria, which include credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability, were considered.

Results
Five general themes and 10 sub-themes emerged after investigating interviews. Themes include religious harassment the sub-theme of being defiled), fail (sub-themes of loss and negative attitudes, disrupted sex (the sub-theme of sexual dissatisfaction), consequence (three sub-themes of sleep disturbance, mental crisis, and isolation), and ultimately panic (three sub-themes of humiliation, secrecy, and fear).

Conclusion
The rectovaginal fistula is a complex and multifaceted problem with social, individual, familial, religious, and ethnic-environmental dimensions, so there is no simple solution to interact with this problem and there is a need to find a solution, considering the dimensions of the problem and plan for help these patients cope with their disease, and take steps to fully treat it.
Registered nurses’ experiences of communication with patients when practising person–centred care over the phone: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Boström Eva , Ali Lilas , Fors Andreas , Ekman Inger , Andersson Annette Erichsen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
To explore registered nurses’ (RNs’) experiences of practising person-centred care (PCC) by telephone with people diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or chronic heart failure.

Methods
Qualitative interview study. Four RNs were individually interviewed before, during, and after participating in an intervention practising PCC by telephone. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
The results reflect three categories of their experience: realize the complexity of practising PCC by distance, gain insight into what PCC communication meant to RNs and their approach, and develop the professional role by practising PCC theory and ethics.

Conclusions
PCC over the telephone facilitate healthcare and support patients. Through careful listening, the RNs (1) created space for the individual patients to express their thoughts and feelings and (2) emphasized each patient’s capabilities and resources. The RNs also gained an understanding of PCC and what it means to patients and to themselves as practitioners. Potential implications are that it is important for RNs practising PCC by telephone to remould their role, to listen carefully, and to communicate as equals in conversations that respect both parties’ knowledge and expertise. Health professionals need supervision and support to fully understand the person-centred approach and provide communications that support it.
The rise of diversity in metabolic platforms across the Candidate Phyla Radiation
Authors: Jaffe Alexander L. , Castelle Cindy J. , Matheus Carnevali Paula B. , Gribaldo Simonetta , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
A unifying feature of the bacterial Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) is a limited and highly variable repertoire of biosynthetic capabilities. However, the distribution of metabolic traits across the CPR and the evolutionary processes underlying them are incompletely resolved.

Results
Here, we selected ~ 1000 genomes of CPR bacteria from diverse environments to construct a robust internal phylogeny that was consistent across two unlinked marker sets. Mapping of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and pyruvate metabolism onto the tree showed that some components of these pathways are sparsely distributed and that similarity between metabolic platforms is only partially predicted by phylogenetic relationships. To evaluate the extent to which gene loss and lateral gene transfer have shaped trait distribution, we analyzed the patchiness of gene presence in a phylogenetic context, examined the phylogenetic depth of clades with shared traits, and compared the reference tree topology with those of specific metabolic proteins. While the central glycolytic pathway in CPR is widely conserved and has likely been shaped primarily by vertical transmission, there is evidence for both gene loss and transfer especially in steps that convert glucose into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and glycerate 3P into pyruvate. Additionally, the distribution of Group 3 and Group 4-related NiFe hydrogenases is patchy and suggests multiple events of ancient gene transfer.

Conclusions
We infer that patterns of gene gain and loss in CPR, including acquisition of accessory traits in independent transfer events, could have been driven by shifts in host-derived resources and led to sparse but varied genetic inventories.
To screen or not to screen: an interactive framework for comparing costs of mass malaria treatment interventions
Authors: Millar Justin , Toh Kok Ben , Valle Denis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMass drug administration and mass-screen-and-treat interventions have been used to interrupt malaria transmission and reduce burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Determining which strategy will reduce costs is an important challenge for implementers; however, model-based simulations and field studies have yet to develop consensus guidelines. Moreover, there is often no way for decision-makers to directly interact with these data and/or models, incorporate local knowledge and expertise, and re-fit parameters to guide their specific goals.MethodsWe propose a general framework for comparing costs associated with mass drug administrations and mass screen and treat based on the possible outcomes of each intervention and the costs associated with each outcome. We then used publicly available data from six countries in western Africa to develop spatial-explicit probabilistic models to estimate intervention costs based on baseline malaria prevalence, diagnostic performance, and sociodemographic factors (age and urbanicity). In addition to comparing specific scenarios, we also develop interactive web applications which allow managers to select data sources and model parameters, and directly input their own cost values.ResultsThe regional-level models revealed substantial spatial heterogeneity in malaria prevalence and diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity, indicating that a “one-size-fits-all” approach is unlikely to maximize resource allocation. For instance, urban communities in Burkina Faso typically had lower prevalence rates compared to rural communities (0.151 versus 0.383, respectively) as well as lower diagnostic sensitivity (0.699 versus 0.862, respectively); however, there was still substantial regional variation. Adjusting the cost associated with false negative diagnostic results to included additional costs, such as delayed treated and potential lost wages, undermined the overall costs associated with MSAT.ConclusionsThe observed spatial variability and dependence on specified cost values support not only the need for location-specific intervention approaches but also the need to move beyond standard modeling approaches and towards interactive tools which allow implementers to engage directly with data and models. We believe that the framework demonstrated in this article will help connect modeling efforts and stakeholders in order to promote data-driven decision-making for the effective management of malaria, as well as other diseases.
Molecular identification and antibiotic resistance profiling of Salmonella species isolated from chickens in eastern Turkey
Authors: Arkali Aydogan , Çetinkaya Burhan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to obtain quantitative data about the frequency, genotypic characterization and antibiotic resistance profiling ofSalmonellaagents in chicken flocks located in eastern Turkey.ResultsFeces samples representing at least 20% of the flock area were collected via sock swabs from commercial poultry flocks in the study region in addition to internal organs (liver, spleen, intestine) collected at necropsy of suspected chickens belonging to small family enterprises. The samples were analyzed by conventional bacteriological methods (ISO 6579:2002/A1:2007) for isolation, and genus specific (invA) PCR for the identification ofSalmonellaspp. Then, two mPCR were set up to determineSalmonellaserotypes and genotypic resistance status of the field isolates against ampicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol antibiotics. In the PCR analysis of the suspected colonies, 98.5% were confirmed asSalmonellaspp., and, the most prevalent serotype was identified asS. Infantis with the proportion of 26.6% (17/64), followed byS.Enteritidis with 21.9% (14/64) andS.Typhimurium with 9.4% (6/64). The findings related to antibiotic resistance genes revealed that the most frequently determined gene wassul1with approximately 58%, while theblaTEMgene was detected at the lowest proportion with 20%, amongSalmonellaisolates.ConclusionsThe results indicated thatSalmonellainfections constitute a potential risk for chicken flocks in the country and that genotypic resistance rates against various antibiotics should draw particular attention in terms of both human and animal health.
Function of astrocyte MyD88 in high-fat-diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation
Authors: Jin Sungho , Kim Kwang Kon , Park Byong Seo , Kim Dong Hee , Jeong Bora , Kang Dasol , Lee Tae Hwan , Park Jeong Woo , Kim Jae Geun , Lee Byung Ju 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundA growing body of evidence shows that hypothalamic inflammation is an important factor in the initiation of obesity. In particular, reactive gliosis accompanied by inflammatory responses in the hypothalamus are pivotal cellular events that elicit metabolic abnormalities. In this study, we examined whether MyD88 signaling in hypothalamic astrocytes controls reactive gliosis and inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of obesity.MethodsTo analyze the role of astrocyte MyD88 in obesity pathogenesis, we used astrocyte-specificMyd88knockout (KO) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks or injected with saturated free fatty acids. Astrocyte-specific gene expression in the hypothalamus was determined using real-time PCR with mRNA purified by the Ribo-Tag system. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the hypothalamus. Animals’ energy expenditure was measured using an indirect calorimetry system.ResultsThe astrocyte-specificMyd88KO mice displayed ameliorated hypothalamic reactive gliosis and inflammation induced by injections of saturated free fatty acids and a long-term HFD. Accordingly, the KO mice were resistant to long-term HFD-induced obesity and showed an improvement in HFD-induced leptin resistance.ConclusionsThese results suggest that MyD88 in hypothalamic astrocytes is a critical molecular unit for obesity pathogenesis that acts by mediating HFD signals for reactive gliosis and inflammation.
Local knowledge about sustainable harvesting and availability of wild medicinal plant species in Lemnos island, Greece
Authors: Papageorgiou Dimitrios , Bebeli Penelope J. , Panitsa Maria , Schunko Christoph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Europe and the Mediterranean, over-exploitation and destructive harvesting techniques have been identified as two critical threats affecting the sustainable harvesting of wild medicinal plant (WMP) species. However, unsustainable harvesting is not an issue everywhere and localized assessments are needed. Local knowledge has been praised for its potential for local short-term assessments. In this study, we aimed to register the known, harvested, and locally utilized WMP species and understand local knowledge of harvesters about the ecological sustainability of WMP harvesting and the perceived changes of WMP availability.Materials and methodsThis study was conducted on Lemnos island, Greece, in July and August 2018. Sixteen harvesters knowledgeable about gathering and using WMP were chosen through purposeful and snowball sampling. Successive free-lists provided insights on the taxa known, harvested, and utilized by harvesters and subsequent semi-structured interviews served to understand harvesting practices and perceived changes of WMP availability. Participant observation during seven harvesting walks allowed for additional insights and facilitated the collection of voucher specimens.ResultsIn total, 144 different plant taxa were listed as useful and 81 had been harvested in the prior 4 years. Medicinal applications were mainly related to digestive and respiratory system issues. A number of favorable harvesting practices suggested a high potential towards an ecologically sustainable harvest. Although, a decreased availability for certain plant taxa and harvesting sites was reported and mainly attributed to external factors such as pollution, unusually dry weather, intentional pastureland burning or chemicals in agriculture, but also destructive harvesting by less knowledgeable harvesters.ConclusionsKnowledgeable harvesters of Lemnos gather and use a considerable number of WMP taxa and possess local knowledge that supports an ecologically sustainable harvest. However, certain plant taxa and areas of the island were indicated to be under pressure from harvesting, unusual climatic conditions, and agricultural practices. Our approach confirmed that local knowledge should be taken into account for assessing the sustainability of WMP harvesting.
“War to the knife” against thromboinflammation to protect endothelial function of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Guglielmetti Gabriele , Quaglia Marco , Sainaghi Pier Paolo , Castello Luigi Mario , Vaschetto Rosanna , Pirisi Mario , Corte Francesco Della , Avanzi Gian Carlo , Stratta Piero , Cantaluppi Vincenzo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this viewpoint, we summarize the relevance of thromboinflammation in COVID-19 and discuss potential mechanisms of endothelial injury as a key point for the development of lung and distant organ dysfunction, with a focus on direct viral infection and cytokine-mediated injury. Entanglement between inflammation and coagulation and resistance to heparin provide a rationale to consider other therapeutic approaches in order to preserve endothelial function and limit microthrombosis, especially in severe forms. These strategies include nebulized heparin, N-acetylcysteine, plasma exchange and/or fresh frozen plasma, plasma derivatives to increase the level of endogenous anticoagulants (tissue factor pathway inhibitor, activated protein C, thrombomodulin, antithrombin), dipyridamole, complement blockers, different types of stem cells, and extracellular vesicles. An integrated therapy including these drugs has the potential to improve outcomes in COVID-19.