bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Act transfers from prison to psychiatric hospital over a six-year period in a region of England
Authors: Woods Laura , Craster Laura , Forrester Andrew 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
There are high levels of psychiatric morbidity amongst people in prisons. In England and Wales, prisoners who present with the most acute mental health needs can be transferred to hospital urgently under part III of the Mental Health Act 1983. This project reviewed all such transfers within one region of England, with an emphasis on differences across levels of security.

Design/methodology/approach
Over a six-year period (2010–2016) within one region of England, 930 psychiatric referrals were received from seven male prisons. From these referrals, 173 (18.5%) secure hospital transfers were required. Diagnostic and basic demographic information were analysed, along with hospital security categorisation (high secure, medium secure, low secure, psychiatric intensive care unit and other) and total time to transfer in days.

Findings
There were substantial delays to urgent hospital transfer across all levels of hospital security. Prisoners were transferred to the following units: medium security (n = 98, 56.9%); psychiatric intensive care units (PICUs) (n = 34, 19.7%); low secure conditions (n = 20, 11.6%); high secure conditions (n = 12, 6.9%); other (n = 9, 5.2%). Mean transfer times were as follows: high secure = 159.6 days; other = 68.8 days; medium secure = 58.6 days; low secure = 54.8 days; and psychiatric intensive care = 16.1 days.

Research limitations/implications
In keeping with the wider literature in this area, transfers of prisoners to hospital were very delayed across all levels of secure psychiatric hospital care. Mean transfer times were in breach of the national 14-day timescale, although transfers to PICUs were quicker than to other units. National work, including research and service pilots, is required to understand whether and how these transfer times might be improved.

Originality/value
This paper extends the available literature on the topic of transferring prisoners with mental illness who require compulsory treatment. There is a small but developing literature in this area, and this paper largely confirms that delays to hospital transfer remain a serious problem in England and Wales. National work, including research and service pilots, is required to understand whether and how these transfer times might be improved. This could include different referral and transfer models as a component of service-based and pathways research or combining referral pathways across units to improve their efficacy.
Religious entrepreneurial communities as a solution for socioeconomic injustice
Authors: Javaid Omar , Shamsi Aamir Feroz , Hyder Irfan 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThere are many entrepreneurial communities in the Asian subcontinent, which are known for their economic resilience and religious orientation but have received limited attention in extant literature. These communities include Memon, Delhiwala, Chinioti, Ismaili and Bohri, which have been persistent in keeping their members economically stable, as many centuries, while also retaining their religio-sociocultural identity. This paper aims to add to the body of literature by documenting the possible factors, which contribute toward advancing socio-economic justice for the members of respective communities.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses Eisenhardth research strategy within a social constructivist paradigm to process data from in-depth interviews, memos and documentary sources to explore the internal dynamics of three most prominent of these communities (Memon, Delhiwala and Chinioti) in Pakistan.FindingsThe findings reveal that the secret to their resilience is, perhaps, rooted in their religio-sociocultural communal norms, which may not just ensure effective wealth redistribution among the deserving segments of the society but may also enable its deserving members to achieve self-reliance through community-supported–entrepreneurial–activity. This study proposes that a culture of community-based–family–entrepreneurship coupled with the spirit of cooperation, sacrifice and reciprocity may eliminate the possibility of socioeconomic injustice.Social implicationsThe religious entrepreneurial communities may be seen as an alternate to free-market or state-driven methods to impart socioeconomic justice where needed. The voluntary inclination of entrepreneurs in such communities to facilitate those in need may, perhaps, reduce or even eliminate the need to involve state intervention to redistribute wealth through taxation, which may also eliminate the cost of the state bureaucracy, which is used for the collection and redistribution of taxes.Originality/valueThe findings add to the body of literature which could help similar communities to improve their socioeconomic stability in a just manner for all its members. Policymakers can also take notice of the religio-sociocultural norms at the source of socioeconomic justice within the respective communities to formulate policies conducive to sustaining such norms where necessary.
A necessary reform of agriculture market access rules
Authors: Eba Nguema Ismaelline 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate by text and empirical facts, the need to reform the rules in force.

Design/methodology/approach
This study confronts current standards with empirical facts. To do this, it is postulated that even though current market access standards are better that the Gatt 1947 rules, they leave the possibility for some members to hijack them to eventually increase their protection effective tariff.

Findings
Market access standards for agricultural products should be reformed because of their asymmetry. To put an end to this asymmetry, these standards should be rebalanced. This is precisely the challenge of the current multilateral negotiations.

Originality/value
Unlike the studies conducted on this subject (to my knowledge), which are mainly based on economic or political science methods, this analysis is essentially based on legal reasoning law.
Creativity and working knowledge: what healthcare managers can learn from architects
Authors: Cranfield Steven 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a qualitative observational study of how middle managers in healthcare in the UK on a work-based masters programme in leadership were introduced to foundational aspects of creativity and delivering innovation through an assignment on contemporary architectural design.Design/methodology/approachThe assignment involved individual research of a recent architectural design followed by group poster presentations of findings and structured analysis. No prior knowledge of design was required. An activity theory approach was used to explore common principles of creativity and leading innovation, key features of design processes and tools for facilitating implementation.FindingsA total of 89 managers in seven cohorts completed the assignment. Data from process records and group work, artefacts and follow-up evaluation questionnaires were analysed within an interpretive approach. Analysis of data lent support for the view that exploring architectural design as an activity system helped participants to develop conceptual and applied links between management performance, creative collaboration and delivering innovation in their own, different field of practice. Where participants expressed limited self-efficacy regarding the capacity for fostering creativity, this was usually ascribed to systemic inhibitors.Practical implicationsExploring architectural design could provide a relatively low-cost, highly stimulating component of management development programmes seeking to harness the contribution of creative industries to foster work-based creativity and innovation.Originality/valueThis study explores a novel use of architectural design within the context of work-applied development programmes for healthcare managers.
Measuring project performance and dynamic risk management for engineering design alliance
Authors: Yan Min-Ren , Lee Yung-Heng 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to integrate modern decision sciences and develop a dynamic risk management model for international alliance engineering design projects.

Design/methodology/approach
To apply the model to real-world risk assessment and managerial decision-making, a mega project case study was conducted. System dynamics and computer simulations were used for improving quantitative analyses and scenario planning.

Findings
Based on the consideration and analyses of different cooperation risk factors, ripple effects of design error is found to be the key factor of subcontract management in international alliance projects in this study.

Research limitations/implications
This study provides a rationale for dynamic risk management decisions and enables international alliance companies to systematically control the cooperation risks in the execution of projects.

Practical implications
In the dynamic project management process, a significant increase in the design error rate does not unilaterally occur but is caused by subcontract and other management errors as a system problem. Integrative solutions with systems thinking would help the management.

Originality/value
This study proposed a framework of measuring project performance and dynamic risk management. The benchmarked case study demonstrates the capability of the proposed model for the feedback learning of business lessons and knowledge accumulations.
Relationship between MDA and juvenile crime and its impact on socioeconomic development – a theoretical framework for business and economics
Authors: Forhad Md. Abdur Rahman , Alam Gazi Mahabubul 
Published: June 2020

PurposeA minimum dropout age (MDA) requires potential dropouts to stay in school until graduation. Most countries have an MDA at least 16. An MDA greater than 16 requires potential dropouts to stay in school for at least one more year, which immediately reduces their available time and opportunities to commit a crime in the community. This study aims to examine how a higher MDA reduces crime in the community. The authors then show a higher MDA helps potential dropouts to become an entrepreneur.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop an economic model of crime that shows how an MDA greater than 16 affects contemporaneous juvenile crime in the community. Considering an MDA of 16 as a benchmark MDA, a hypothetical example with simulated data on the USA is used. The authors then show how a higher MDA offers a financial opportunity for the professional development programs.FindingsAn MDA greater than 16 reduces crime in the community. Reducing crime allows preventing social and monetary cost on juvenile delinquency. This economic efficiency offers a financial ability for adolescent training and other development programs and thereby reduces unemployment and other adverse consequences of the society.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies, the authors develop an economic model of crime that shows a hypothetical relationship between an MDA and contemporaneous juvenile crime in the community. A higher MDA allows more financial ability for juvenile development programs in high school to improve the entrepreneurial skills.
Railway wagon flow routing locus pattern intelligent recognition algorithm based on SST
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Li Ping , Ma Xiaoning , Liu Yanjun 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The operating wagon records were produced from distinct railway information systems, which resulted in the wagon routing record with the same oriental destination (OD) was different. This phenomenon has brought considerable difficulties to the railway wagon flow forecast. Some were because of poor data quality, which misled the actual prediction, while others were because of the existence of another actual wagon routings. This paper aims at finding all the wagon routing locus patterns from the history records, and thus puts forward an intelligent recognition method for the actual routing locus pattern of railway wagon flow based on SST algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the big data of railway wagon flow records, the routing metadata model is constructed, and the historical data and real-time data are fused to improve the reliability of the path forecast results in the work of railway wagon flow forecast. Based on the division of spatial characteristics and the reduction of dimension in the distributary station, the improved Simhash algorithm is used to calculate the routing fingerprint. Combined with Squared Error Adjacency Matrix Clustering algorithm and Tarjan algorithm, the fingerprint similarity is calculated, the spatial characteristics are clustering and identified, the routing locus mode is formed and then the intelligent recognition of the actual wagon flow routing locus is realized.

Findings
This paper puts forward a more realistic method of railway wagon routing pattern recognition algorithm. The problem of traditional railway wagon routing planning is converted into the routing locus pattern recognition problem, and the wagon routing pattern of all OD streams is excavated from the historical data results. The analysis is carried out from three aspects: routing metadata, routing locus fingerprint and routing locus pattern. Then, the intelligent recognition SST-based algorithm of railway wagon routing locus pattern is proposed, which combines the history data and instant data to improve the reliability of the wagon routing selection result. Finally, railway wagon routing locus could be found out accurately, and the case study tests the validity of the algorithm.

Practical implications
Before the forecasting work of railway wagon flow, it needs to know how many kinds of wagon routing locus exist in a certain OD. Mining all the OD routing locus patterns from the railway wagon operating records is helpful to forecast the future routing combined with the wagon characteristics. The work of this paper is the basis of the railway wagon routing forecast.

Originality/value
As the basis of the railway wagon routing forecast, this research not only improves the accuracy and efficiency for the railway wagon routing forecast but also provides the further support of decision-making for the railway freight transportation organization.
Epidermal growth factor receptor deficiency: Expanding the phenotype beyond infancy
Authors: Earl Brian R. , Szybowska Marta , Marwaha Ashish , Belostotsky Vladimir , Lara‐Corrales Irene , Pope Elena , Kannu Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTransmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors represent a fundamental mechanism for transducing extracellular signals into the activation of signaling cascades responsible for intercellular communication, embryogenesis and tissue integrity. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a canonical member of this family, regarded for its dysregulated function in various malignancies. Here, we describe a young female born prematurely with friable and immature skin who developed chronic diarrhea, recurrent gastrointestinal and respiratory infections, as well as an ichthyotic and inflammatory papulopustular rash accompanied by alopecia. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a constitutional homozygous variant in EGFR (NM_005228.3:c1283G>A; p.[G428D]), identified as a pathogenic loss‐of‐function variant in three patients with EGFR deficiency. These patients succumbed to early mortality; however, the proposita’s condition has stabilized, despite only supportive interventions, with dermatological improvements and reduced frequency of infections at 8 years. This report provides a clinical phenotyping of the longest surviving individual with EGFR deficiency and substantiates our understanding of the natural history of this multisystemic dermatological disorder.
iPhone charger‐induced chemical burn from overnight contact with sweat: Two cases
Authors: Nakagawa Yuki , Uchida Takafumi , Morizane Shin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSmartphones have become essential devices in modern society. The coverage rate of smartphones in 2017 in Japan was 75% according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. The iPhone is one of the most well‐known smartphone brands. According to the manufacturer of iPhones (Apple), more than 200 million iPhones had been sold worldwide by 2017. These devices are often charged at night‐time, especially while being used in bed. There are only three reports of smartphone charger‐induced skin damage. We present two new cases of skin ulcers induced by an iPhone charger. The iPhone’s “lightning cable” has electrodes outside, and we found that this can present a higher risk of causing a skin injury compared with other types of phone chargers. We also investigated the mechanism of the skin ulcers caused by the iPhone charger. The results indicated that these ulcers were chemical burns rather than an electrical injury or heat‐induced burn.
Idea paper: Elucidation of the long‐term properties of food webs based on the intraspecific genetic diversity of hub species populations
Authors: Nakadai Ryosuke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganisms interact across time and space; collectively, these interactions constitute webs that drive energy and material cycles. Classical ecological studies have tested the hypothesis that complex food webs are less stable in closed systems and have thus focused mainly on internal, local drivers of interspecific interactions in food webs. Recently, theories relating to food webs and ecosystems have been expanded to larger spatial scales through the concept of metacommunities (i.e., metawebs and metaecosystems), whose properties are driven by climatic conditions. However, these concepts have been limited to short‐term phenomena observable on ecological time scales, while long‐term historical processes have rarely been considered. In addition, the components of food webs have not been considered as determinants of food web persistence, even though species' persistence is determined by factors other than interspecific interactions within local food webs. Here, I emphasized the potential utility of intraspecific genetic diversity of hub species as a metric for evaluating the long‐term persistence of local food webs. I also proposed a method for calculating this new metric, expressed as the sum of all metaweb level centrality and intraspecific genetic diversity values for each species. Furthermore, I discussed hypothetical patterns in food web properties as determined from both food web structure and intraspecific genetic structure along geographical and climatic gradients; these patterns have yet to be verified empirically. Finally, I summarized recent developments in molecular methods for collecting genetic data, which may support the empirical study of the concepts presented here.
Ambulatory quality, special health care needs, and emergency department or hospital use for US children
Authors: Coller Ryan J. , Kelly Michelle M. , Sklansky Daniel J. , Shadman Kristin A. , Ehlenbach Mary L , Barreda Christina B. , Chung Paul J. , Zhao Qianqian , Edmonson Marshall Bruce 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined family‐reported ambulatory care quality and its association with emergency department and hospital utilization, and how these relationships differed across levels of medical complexity.Data sourcesThe 2006‐2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).Study DesignSecondary analysis of MEPS data. Variables fitting the National Quality Measures Clearinghouse clinical quality measures domain framework were selected. Exploratory factor analysis grouped ambulatory quality into 12 access, experience, or process measures. Weighted negative binomial regression stratified by health status identified associations between ambulatory quality and ED visits or hospitalizations.Data Collection41,497 children ≤18 years were included. The 5‐item special health care needs (SHCN) screener categorized health status as complex, less complex, or no SHCN.Principal FindingsWeighted SHCN proportions were 1.6 Percent complex, 18.2 Percent less complex, and 80.0 Percent no SHCN. Mean ED visits were 130 and 335 visits/1000 children/year for no/ complex SHCN, respectively. Mean hospitalizations were 20 and 175 hospitalizations/1000 children/year for no/complex SHCN, respectively. ED visits were associated with 8 of 12 quality measures for no/less complex SHCN. For example, usually/always receiving needed care right away was associated with 22 Percent lower ED visit rate (95% CI 0.64‐0.96). Hospitalizations were associated with 4 of 12 quality measures for less complex SHCN. In complex SHCN, associations between ambulatory quality and ED/hospital use were weak and inconsistent.ConclusionsAmbulatory quality may best predict ED and hospital use for children with no or less complex SHCN. Whether and how ambulatory care predicts emergency and hospital care in complex SHCN remains an important question.
The Death of Freddie Gray and Its Impact on Homicides in Baltimore and Maryland
Authors: Sweet Sarah , Alexander Gabriel , Alexander Russell 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the impact that Freddie Gray’s death on April, 19, 2015, had on homicides within Baltimore, Prince George’s County, and the rest of Maryland. The numbers of these deaths were compared in the 2 years prior and after his death. The average number of homicide per month in Baltimore and Prince George’s County, but not the rest of Maryland, showed a statistically significant increase in the 2 years after his death, with a sudden spike in homicides in Baltimore immediately following his death. Spatial density (“heat”) maps of homicides showed an increase in clustering of deaths after Freddie Gray’s demise in portions of Baltimore, particularly near his arrest site. Hot spot maps showed a massive expansion of statistically significant clusters of homicides in areas of West and East Baltimore after his death. An emerging hot spot analysis revealed consecutive hot spots in large areas of West Baltimore with new hot spots prominent along the southern edge of this area. A review of the history of Baltimore, as well as discussions with Baltimore homicide detectives, revealed that prior socioeconomic and political trends likely primed Baltimore for the protests and violence that occurred after Freddie Gray’s death. It is probable that a perceived “overcharging” of officers involved in his death by the State’s Attorney resulted in a “pullback” from policing that directly led to increased homicides in Baltimore.