bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption therapy in critically ill with septic shock and acute kidney injury: a retrospective and prospective cohort study
Authors: Schittek Gregor A. , Zoidl Philipp , Eichinger Michael , Orlob Simon , Simonis Holger , Rief Martin , Metnitz Philipp , Fellinger Tobias , Soukup Jens 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Haemoadsorption has been described as an effective way to control increased pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (“cytokine storm”) in septic shock patients. No prospective or randomised clinical study has yet confirmed these results. However, no study has yet prospectively specifically investigated patients in severe septic shock with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). Therefore, we aimed to examine whether haemoadsorption could influence intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality in these patients. Furthermore, we examined the influence of haemoadsorption on length of stay in the ICU and therapeutic support.

Methods
Retrospective control group and prospective intervention group design in a tertiary hospital in central Europe (Germany). Intervention was the implementation of haemoadsorption for patients in septic shock with SA-AKI. 76 patients were included in this analysis.

Results
Severity of illness as depicted by APACHE II was higher in patients treated with haemoadsorption. Risk-adjusted ICU mortality rates (O/E ratios) did not differ significantly between the groups (0.80 vs. 0.83). We observed in patients treated with haemoadsorption a shorter LOS and shorter therapeutic support such as catecholamine dependency and duration of RRT. However, in multivariate analysis (logistic regression for mortality, competing risk for LOS), we found no significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusions
The implementation of haemoadsorption for patients in septic shock with acute renal failure did not lead to a reduction in ICU or hospital mortality rates. Despite univariate analysis delivering some evidence for a shorter duration of ICU-related treatments in the haemoadsorption group, these results did not remain significant in multivariate analysis.
Trial registration CytoSorb® registry https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02312024. December 9, 2014. Database: https://www.cytosorb-registry.org/ (registration for content acquisition is necessary)
Effectiveness of corticosteroids for post-extubation stridor and extubation failure in pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kimura Satoshi , Ahn JiYoon B. , Takahashi Mai , Kwon Sohee , Papatheodorou Stefania 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
While the results of previous meta-analyses have shown beneficial effects of corticosteroid therapy on post-extubation stridor and extubation failure in adults, these results might not be generalizable to children because of the differences in anatomy and structure. We aimed to determine the benefits of corticosteroids on those outcomes in pediatric populations.

Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and reference lists of articles from inception until February 2019. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies on the efficacy of systemic corticosteroid administration given prior to elective extubation in mechanically ventilated pediatrics were eligible. Outcomes included post-extubation stridor indicating laryngeal edema and extubation failures.

Results
A total of ten randomized controlled trials with 591 pediatric patients were included: seven of the ten studies for post-extubation stridor/suspected upper airway obstruction and nine of the ten studies for extubation failure. The estimate of pooled odds ratios (ORs) for post-extubation stridor/suspected upper airway obstruction was 0.40 (95% CI: 0.21–0.79). When analysis was restricted to trials that had explicit data for infants and explicit data for pediatric patients under 5 years old excluding infants, the estimates of pooled ORs were 0.53 (95% CI: 0.20–1.40) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.38–1.22), respectively. For pediatric patients who received corticosteroids, there was a 0.37-fold lower odds of extubation failure than that in pediatric patients who did not receive corticosteroids (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22–0.61). While three observational studies were included in this review, their estimates have a potential for bias and we did not perform a meta-analysis.

Conclusions
Despite a relatively small sample size in each randomized controlled trial and wide ranges of ages and steroid administration regimens, our results suggest that the use of corticosteroids for prevention of post-extubation stridor and extubation failure could be considered to be acceptable in pediatric patients.
On integral inequalities related to the weighted and the extended Chebyshev functionals involving different fractional operators
Authors: Çelik Barış , Gürbüz Mustafa Ç. , Özdemir M. Emin , Set Erhan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe role of fractional integral operators can be found as one of the best ways to generalize classical inequalities. In this paper, we use different fractional integral operators to produce some inequalities for the weighted and the extended Chebyshev functionals. The results are more general than the available classical results in the literature.
On the existence of solutions for a multi-singular pointwise defined fractional system
Authors: Mansouri Ali , Rezapour Shahram , Shabibi Mehdi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne of best ways for increasing our abilities in exact modeling of natural phenomena is working with a singular version of different fractional differential equations. As is well known, multi-singular equations are a modern version of singular equations. In this paper, we investigate the existence of solutions for a multi-singular fractional differential system. We consider some particular boundary value conditions on the system. By using the α-ψ-contractions and locating some control conditions, we prove that the system via infinite singular points has solutions. Finally, we provide an example to illustrate our main result.
Integral inequalities via Raina’s fractional integrals operator with respect to a monotone function
Authors: Chen Shu-Bo , Rashid Saima , Hammouch Zakia , Noor Muhammad Aslam , Ashraf Rehana , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe establish certain new fractional integral inequalities involving the Raina function for monotonicity of functions that are used with some traditional and forthright inequalities. Taking into consideration the generalized fractional integral with respect to a monotone function, we derive the Grüss and certain other associated variants by using well-known integral inequalities such as Young, Lah–Ribarič, and Jensen integral inequalities. In the concluding section, we present several special cases of fractional integral inequalities involving generalized Riemann–Liouville,k-fractional, Hadamard fractional, Katugampola fractional,$(k,s)$(k,s)-fractional, and Riemann–Liouville-type fractional integral operators. Moreover, we also propose their pertinence with other related known outcomes.
Rapid establishment of a national surveillance of COVID-19 hospitalizations in Belgium
Authors: Van Goethem Nina , Vilain Aline , Wyndham-Thomas Chloé , Deblonde Jessika , Bossuyt Nathalie , Lernout Tinne , Rebolledo Gonzalez Javiera , Quoilin Sophie , Melis Vincent , Van Beckhoven Dominique 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
In response to the COVID-19 epidemic, caused by a novel coronavirus, it was of great importance to rapidly collect as much accurate information as possible in order to characterize the public health threat and support the health authorities in its management. Hospital-based surveillance is paramount to monitor the severity of a disease in the population.

Methods
Two separate surveillance systems, a Surge Capacity survey and a Clinical survey, were set up to collect complementary data on COVID-19 from Belgium’s hospitals. The Surge Capacity survey collects aggregated data to monitor the hospital capacity through occupancy rates of beds and medical devices, and to follow a set of key epidemiological indicators over time. Participation is mandatory and the daily data collection includes prevalence and incidence figures on the number of COVID-19 patients in the hospital. The Clinical survey is strongly recommended by health authorities, focusses on specific patient characteristics and relies on individual patient data provided by the hospitals at admission and discharge.

Conclusions
This national double-level hospital surveillance was implemented very rapidly after the first COVID-19 patients were hospitalized and revealed to be crucial to monitor hospital capacity over time and to better understand the disease in terms of risk groups and outcomes. The two approaches are complementary and serve different needs.
Effects of maternal dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and methionine during late gestation on fetal growth, DNA methylation, and mRNA relative expression of genes associated with the inflammatory response, lipid metabolism and DNA methylation in placenta and offspring’s liver in sheep
Authors: Rosa Velazquez Milca , Batistel Fernanda , Pinos Rodriguez Juan Manuel , Relling Alejandro Enrique 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundOmega-3 PUFA or methionine (Met) supply during gestation alters offspring physiology. However, the effect of both nutrients on fetal development has not been explored. Our objective was to determine the effects of supplementation of these two nutrients during late gestation on fetal growth, DNA methylation, and mRNA expression of genes associated with the inflammatory response, and DNA methylation. Ewes (n = 5/treatment) were fed from day 100 to 145 of gestation one of the following treatments: 1) basal diet (NS) without fatty acids (FS) or methionine (MS) supplementation; 2) FS (10 g/kg Ca salts, source omega-3 PUFA); 3) MS (1 g/kg rumen protected methionine); and 4) FS and MS (FS-MS). On day 145, ewes were euthanized, and data from dams and fetus was recorded. Placenta (cotyledon), fetal liver, and blood samples were collected.ResultsA treatments interaction on fetal liver weight, ewe body weight and body condition score (BCS) was observed; FS-MS were heavier (P <  0.01) than FS and MS, and FS-MS ewes had a better (P = 0.02) BCS than NS. Methionine increased (P = 0.03) ewe plasma glucose concentration. Fetal liver global DNA methylation increased (P <  0.01) in FS and MS. Dietary treatments modify the mRNA relative expression on some of the genes evaluated. In the fetal liver, FS increased (P = 0.04) the mRNA relative expression of arachidonate-5-lipoxygenase-activating-protein and tended to decrease (P = 0.06) methionine-adenosyltransferase-1A. Moreover, MS decreased (P = 0.04) DNA-methyltransferase-1 and tended to decrease (P = 0.08) free-fatty-acid-receptor-1 mRNA relative expression. Furthermore, FS-MS decreased mRNA relative expression of tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (P = 0.05), peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-delta (P = 0.03) and gamma (P = 0.04), tended to decrease (P ≤ 0.09) interleukin-6, fatty-acid-transport-protein-1, and delta-5-desaturase, and increased adenosylhomocysteinase (P = 0.04) mRNA relative expression. In cotyledon, FS tended to decrease fatty acid binding protein 4 (P = 0.09) mRNA relative expression.ConclusionOmega-3 PUFA and Met supplementation improves dam’s performance in late gestation, which was positively correlated with an increase in offspring’s liver development. Moreover, FS-MS decreased mRNA relative expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and lipogenic genes, and increased the expression on an enzyme that has an important role in methylation.
Spatial heterogeneity of bacterial colonization across different gut segments following inter-species microbiota transplantation
Authors: Li Na , Zuo Bin , Huang Shimeng , Zeng Benhua , Han Dandan , Li Tiantian , Liu Ting , Wu Zhenhua , Wei Hong , Zhao Jiangchao , Wang Junjun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe microbiota presents a compartmentalized distribution across different gut segments. Hence, the exogenous microbiota from a particular gut segment might only invade its homologous gut location during microbiota transplantation. Feces as the excreted residue contain most of the large-intestinal microbes but lack small-intestinal microbes. We speculated that whole-intestinal microbiota transplantation (WIMT), comprising jejunal, ileal, cecal, and colonic microbiota, would be more effective for reshaping the entire intestinal microbiota than conventional fecal microbiota transplantation fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).ResultsWe modeled the compartmentalized colonization of the gut microbiota via transplanting the microbiota from jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon, respectively, into the germ-free mice. Transplanting jejunal or ileal microbiota induced more exogenous microbes’ colonization in the small intestine (SI) of germ-free mice rather than the large intestine (LI), primarily containing Proteobacteria, Lactobacillaceae, and Cyanobacteria. Conversely, more saccharolytic anaerobes from exogenous cecal or colonic microbiota, such as Bacteroidetes, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae, established in the LI of germ-free mice that received corresponding intestinal segmented microbiota transplantation. Consistent compartmentalized colonization patterns of microbial functions in the intestine of germ-free mice were also observed. Genes related to nucleotide metabolism, genetic information processing, and replication and repair were primarily enriched in small-intestinal communities, whereas genes associated with the metabolism of essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, amino acids, cofactors, and vitamins were mainly enriched in large-intestinal communities of germ-free mice. Subsequently, we compared the difference in reshaping the community structure of germ-free mice between FMT and WIMT. FMT mainly transferred LI-derived microorganisms and gene functions into the recipient intestine with sparse SI-derived microbes successfully transplanted. However, WIMT introduced more SI-derived microbes and associated microbial functions to the recipient intestine than FMT. Besides, WIMT also improved intestinal morphological development as well as reduced systematic inflammation responses of recipients compared with FMT.ConclusionsSegmented exogenous microbiota transplantation proved the spatial heterogeneity of bacterial colonization along the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., the microbiota from one specific location selectively colonizes its homologous gut region. Given the lack of exogenous small-intestinal microbes during FMT, WIMT may be a promising alternative for conventional FMT to reconstitute the microbiota across the entire intestinal tract.
Severe bronchiectasis and inflammatory lung disease in a patient with anorexia nervosa and severe and enduring malnutrition - a case report
Authors: Saran Anna , Oliver Firszt , Łosień Tomasz , Kulig-Kulesza Monika , Myga-Porosiło Jolanta , Kluczewska Ewa , Ziora Dariusz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Persistent structural changes of the lungs in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients are rarely described in contemporary medical literature. The objective of our paper is to report a rare case of severe bronchiectasis and inflammatory changes to the lungs resulting from chronic malnutrition in a AN patient.

Case presentation
We describe a patient with severe inflammatory lung disease caused by malnutrition, resulting in persistent bronchiectasis accompanying AN. We performed an analysis of the patient’s medical records including radiological findings and laboratory results. A review of available literature shows very little data available on this topic.

Conclusion
Bronchiectasis and other structural changes of the lungs are rare, but severe complications of severe, chronic malnutrition. As exemplified by our case report, they may require extensive differential diagnosis and pose a significant clinical challenge due to their non-reversible character. A successful treatment relies heavily on the patient’s compliance and may be hard to achieve. Clinicians managing patients with anorexia nervosa should be wary of early respiratory tract dysfunction-related symptoms and always consider malnutrition bronchiectasis as a differential diagnosis option.
Effect of salicylic acid foliar application on growth, glandular hairs and essential oil yield in Salvia officinalis L. grown under zinc stress
Authors: Es-sbihi Fatima Zohra , Hazzoumi Zakaria , Amrani Joutei Khalid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Generally, zinc (Zn) is an essential element and acts as a plant nutrient, but at higher concentrations, it is toxic. Higher uptake and translocation of Zn into plant tissues can cause serious physiological and biochemical alterations. However, salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenous regulator of growth and signaling molecule responsible for inducing environmental stress tolerance in plants. Therefore, spray application of SA could provide protection against several types of stresses such as Zn toxicity. In this context, the ameliorative effect of SA (0.5 and 1 mM) on Salvia officinalis L. under Zn stress (40 mM) was studied.

Results
Zn stress decreased growth, chlorophyll content, essential oil yield and peltate glandular trichome density. This toxicity can be linked to a strong accumulation of Zn in the various parts of the plant. In addition, Zn stress disturbed nutrients assimilation (K, P and Ca). However, spray of SA, particularly at 0.5 mM improved all parameters studied under both Zn and normal conditions. The positive effects of SA under Zn stress condition may be due to the decrease of Zn accumulation in different parts of the plant. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in K, P and Ca content. In addition, the histological study of S. officinalis leaves showed the presence of two types of glandular hairs, the peltate and capitate glands. In the leaves of stressed plants, we noticed the presence of glands with deformations in the form of pockets in the number of one or more as well as the glands with an oval form. On the other hand, all these abnormalities glands were not detected in stressed plants that were sprayed with SA. Therefore, the absence of these anomalies under the effect of SA showed the remedial effect of this growth regulator.

Conclusion
The findings of the present work suggest that spraying SA maybe useful for improving the plant growth in Zn-contaminated areas.
The puzzling pathophysiology of frozen shoulders – a scoping review
Authors: Kraal T. , Lübbers J. , van den Bekerom M. P. J. , Alessie J. , van Kooyk Y. , Eygendaal D. , Koorevaar R. C. T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThe pathophysiology of frozen shoulders is a complex and multifactorial process. The purpose of this review is to scope the currently available knowledge of the pathophysiology of frozen shoulders.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library. Original articles published between 1994 and October 2020 with a substantial focus on the pathophysiology of frozen shoulders were included.ResultsOut of 827 records, 48 original articles were included for the qualitative synthesis of this review. Glenohumeral capsular biopsies were reported in 30 studies. Fifteen studies investigated were classified as association studies. Three studies investigated the pathophysiology in an animal studies. A state of low grade inflammation, as is associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and thyroid disorders, predisposes for the development of frozen shoulder. An early immune response with elevated levels of alarmins and binding to the receptor of advance glycation end products is present at the start of the cascade. Inflammatory cytokines, of which transforming growth factor-β1 has a prominent role, together with mechanical stress stimulates Fibroblast proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts. This leads to an imbalance of extracellular matrix turnover resulting in a stiff and thickened glenohumeral capsule with abundance of type III collagen.ConclusionThis scoping review outlines the complexity of the pathophysiology of frozen shoulder. A comprehensive overview with background information on pathophysiologic mechanisms is given. Leads are provided to progress with research for clinically important prognostic markers and in search for future interventions.Level of evidenceLevel V.
Hydrocortisone decreases lethality and inflammatory cytokine and nitric oxide production in rats challenged with B. anthracis cell wall peptidoglycan
Authors: Li Yan , Cui Xizhong , Shiloach Joseph , Wang Jeffrey , Suffredini Dante A. , Xu Wanying , Liu Wancang , Fitz Yvonne , Sun Junfeng , Eichacker Peter Q. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Lethal B. anthracis infection produces high proinflammatory peptidoglycan (PGN) burdens in hosts. We investigated whether the lethality and inflammation anthrax PGN can produce are related.

Methods
At 6 h before and the start of 24 h anthrax PGN infusions, rats (n = 198) were treated with diluent (controls) or one of three IV-doses of either hydrocortisone (125, 12.5 or 1.25 mg/kg) or TNF-soluble receptor (TNFsr; 2000, 1000 or 333 μg/kg), non-selective and selective anti-inflammatory agents, respectively.

Results
Compared to controls, hydrocortisone 125 and 12.5 mg/kg each decreased 7-day lethality (p ≤ 0.004). Hydrocortisone 125 mg/kg decreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, MCP, MIP-1α, MIP-2, RANTES and nitric oxide (NO) blood levels at 4 and 24 h after starting PGN (except MCP at 24 h). Each decrease was significant at 4 h (except MIP-1α that was significant at 24 h) (p ≤ 0.05). Similarly, hydrocortisone 12.5 mg/kg decreased each measure at 4, 24 and 48 h (except TNFα at 24 h and MIP-1α at 24 and 48 h and NO at 48 h). Decreases were significant for IL-6 and NO at 4 h and RANTES at 48 h (p ≤ 0.05). Hydrocortisone 1.25 mg/kg had non-significant effects. Each TNFsr dose decreased lethality but non-significantly. However, when doses were analyzed together, TNFsr decreased lethality in a potential trend (p = 0.16) and IL-6 and NO significantly at 4 h (p = 0.05).

Conclusions
Peptidoglycan-stimulated host inflammation may contribute to B. anthracis lethality.
Laparoscopic and left thoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for Siewert type II esophagogastric junction cancer with right aortic arch: a case report
Authors: Murakami Motoki , Nakanishi Yasutaka , Hojo Yudai , Nakamura Tatsuro , Kumamoto Tsutomu , Kurahashi Yasunori , Ishida Yoshinori , Shinohara Hisashi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Right aortic arch (RAA) is a congenital malformation detected in 0.04% of the population without heterotaxia and makes esophagectomy and mediastinal lymphadenectomy difficult. A left thoracic approach is recommended in patients with RAA, but a minimally invasive procedure has not yet been established.

Case presentation
The case was a 40-year-old man with RAA and Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction with metastases to the adrenal glands and paraaortic lymph nodes. Conversion surgery was performed when radiologic disappearance of metastatic disease was confirmed after first-line treatment consisting of 12 cycles of S-1 plus platinum-based systemic chemotherapy. Minimally invasive laparoscopic and left thoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy was performed in the right semi-lateral decubitus position. The esophagus was easy to see on left thoracoscopy because of the RAA. Esophagectomy with lower mediastinal lymphadenectomy and an intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis was performed successfully with laparoscopy and thoracoscopy without a position change. There were no surgical complications, and no residual cancer was detected in the resected specimen on pathological examination. There has been no recurrence during 21 months of follow-up.

Conclusions
Laparoscopic and left thoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy in the right semi-lateral decubitus position is a minimally invasive, anatomically novel procedure for Siewert type II esophagogastric junction cancer in patients with RAA.