bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective TiO2-Sulfonated Carbon-derived from Eichhornia crassipes in The Removal of Methylene Blue and Congo Red Dyes from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Widiyowati Iis Intan , Nurhadi Mukhamad , Hatami Muhammad , Yuan Lai Sin 
Published: July 2020

The study of TiO2-sulfonated carbon-derived from Eichhornia crassipes (TiO2/SCEC), as an effective adsorbent to remove Methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) dyes from aqueous solution, has been conducted. The preparation steps of TiO2/SCEC adsorbent involved the carbonisation of E. crassipes powder at 600 °C for 1 h, followed by sulfonation of carbon for 3 h and impregnation through titanium(IV) isopropoxide (500 µmol). The physical properties of the adsorbents were characterized by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption studies. The dye removal study using TiO2/SCEC adsorbent was carried out by varying of contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, pH, particles size of adsorbent and temperature. The kinetics models were determined by the effects of contact time and the thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG), which were calculated by the effects of temperature. The results showed that the maximum dye removal capacity of TiO2/SCEC were 18.8 mg.g-1 for MB and 36.5 mg.g-1 for CR. The removal of MB and CR dyes using TiO2/SCEC adsorbent performed a pseudo-second order kinetic models with spontaneity. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Synthesis of 1-butoxy-4-tert-butylbenzene under The Effect of Multi-site Phase Transfer Catalysis System – A Kinetic Study
Authors: Sathiyaraj Manickam , Venkatesh Perumal 
Published: July 2020

Phase transfer catalysis technique proved to be a useful method for synthesizing various organic compounds under heterogeneous reactions and recognized as a viable environmentally friendly. The influence of a new multi site phase transfer catalyst (MPTC) is the synthesis of 1-butoxy-4-tertbutylbenzene from 4-tert-butylphenol with 1-bromobutane (BB) under heterogeneous solid-liquid condition using potassium hydroxide as a base at 60 °C. The higher conversion of 1-bromobutane was achieved by using the synergistic condition of multi-site phase transfer catalyst in better efficacy. The reaction rate enhanced by decreases the volume of water. The apparent the reaction rate was found to be pseudo-first order kinetics. The apparent rate constant was increased linearly with the increase in the concentration of various parameters, such as: MPTC, temperature, potassium hydroxide, and stirring speed. The activation energy (Ea) was also calculated through the Arrhenius plot. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Sodium Periodate as a Selective Oxidant for Diclofenac Sodium in Alkaline Medium: A Quantum Chemical Approach
Authors: Gupta Madhu , Srivastava Amrita , Srivastava Sheila 
Published: July 2020

Diclofenac sodium is a well known anti-inflammatory drug. It has also been proclaimed to exhibit adverse effects on aquatic animals through sewage and waste water treatment plants. Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the novel oxidation of diclofenac sodium (DFS) by sodium periodate were discussed with an emphasis on structure and reactivity by using kinetic and computational approach. The proposed work had been studied in alkaline medium at 303 K and at a constant ionic strength of 0.60 mol.dm−3. Formation of [2-(2,6-dicloro-phynylamino)-phenyl]-methanol as the oxidation product of DFS is confirmed with the help of structure elucidation. The active species of catalyst, oxidant and oxidation products were recognized by UV and IR spectral studies. Proton inventory studies in H2O−D2O mixtures had been shown the involvement of a single exchangeable proton of OH− ion in the transition state. All quantum chemical calculations were executed at level of density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP function using 6-31G (d,p) basis atomic set for the validation of structure, reaction and mechanism. Molecular orbital energies, nonlinear optical properties, bond length, bond angles, reactivity, electrophilic and nucleophilic regions were delineated. Influence of various reactants on rate of chemical reaction were also ascertained and elucidated spectro-photometrically. Activation parameters have been assessed using Arrhenius-Eyring plots. A suitable mechanism consistent with observed kinetic results had been implicated and rate law deduced. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Preliminary Synthesis of Calcium Silicates using Oil Palm Leaves and Eggshells.
Authors: Yudha S Salprima , Falahudin Aswin , Kaus Noor Haida Mohd , Thongmee Sirikanjana , Ikram Saiqa , Asdim Asdim 
Published: July 2020

A new synthetic procedure is described for the synthesis of calcium silicate derivatives, using natural resources such as eggshell (ES) for calcium and oil palm leaves (OPL) for silica, which do not require prepurification. The reaction is performed by directly converting two weight ratio of the precursors, ES:3OPL and ES:6OPL, to dried-powder form by heat treatment at 900 °C for two hours. The results demonstrate that the concentration of the precursors has an effect on the morphology and crystallinity of the calcium silicate derivatives, mainly Ca2SiO4 and CaSiO3. X-ray diffraction results reveal that the reaction product obtained using a 1:3 ratio is quite pure, and mainly consisted of calcium silicate in the form of Ca2SiO4. The CaSiO3 was also identified in ES:6OPL, together with a small amount of excess non-reacted crystalline silica. Furthermore, a scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that both reaction products have a coarse surface. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Correction to: Studies on H2-Assisted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Reduction of NO over Ag/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Singh Pratichi , Yadav Deepak , Thakur Pooja , Pandey Jitendra , Prasad Ram 
Published: July 2020

Correction to: Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis (2018), 13 (2): 227-235 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1307.227-235)An error appeared in Corresponding Author in a paper entitled “Studies on H2-Assisted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Reduction of NO over Ag/Al2O3 Catalyst” published in Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis. The Corresponding Author is corrected to be:* Corresponding Authors. Tel: +919415268192. Email: rprasad.che@itbhu.ac.in (R. Prasad) Tel: +917505072607. Email: dyadav.rs.che13@iitbhu.ac.in (D. Yadav)——————The original article can be found online at: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.13.2.1307.227-235——————Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).How to Cite: Singh, P., Yadav, D., Thakur, P., Pandey, J., Prasad, R. (2020). Correction to: Studies on H2-Assisted Liquefied Petroleum Gas Reduction of NO over Ag/Al2O3 Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 15 (2): 603-603 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.15.2.7659.603-603)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.2.7659.603-603
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Eosin Y Dye as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Perchloric Acid Solution
Authors: Attar Tarik , Benchadli Abbes , Messaoudi Boulanouar , Benhadria Naceur , Choukchou-Braham Esma 
Published: July 2020

The adsorption behavior and the inhibition performance of Eosin Y Dye for carbon steel corrosion in 1 M perchloric acid solution have been carried using weight loss and scanning electron micrograph (SEM) techniques as well theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The studied inhibitor concentrations were between 5´10-5 M and 5´10-3 M. Results obtained revealed that Eosin Y is an effective inhibitor and its inhibition efficiency increases with increasing concentration to attain 96.91% at 5´10-3 M at 30 °C. Thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption heat, adsorption entropy and adsorption free energy were obtained from experimental data of the temperature studies of the inhibition process at five temperatures ranging from 20 to 60 °C. It was found that the adsorption of Eosin Y could prevent steel from weight loss and the adsorption accorded with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The free energy of adsorption showed that the corrosion inhibition takes place by spontaneous physicochemical adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the carbon steel surface. SEM and DFT studies confirm the adsorption of Eosin Y on carbon steel surface. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
CuAl LDH/Rice Husk Biochar Composite for Enhanced Adsorptive Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Palapa Neza Rahayu , Taher Tarmizi , Rahayu Bakri Rio , Mohadi Risfidian , Rachmat Addy , Lesbani Aldes 
Published: July 2020

The preparation of CuAl LDH and biochar (BC) composite derived from rice husk and its application as a low-cost adsorbent for enhanced adsorptive removal of malachite green has been studied. The composite was prepared by a one-step coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM−EDX). The result indicated that CuAl LDH was successfully incorporated with the biochar that evidenced by the broadening of XRD peak at 2θ = 24° and the appearance of a new peak at 1095 cm−1 on the FTIR spectra. The BET surface area analysis revealed that CuAl/BC composite exhibited a larger surface area (200.9 m2/g) that the original CuAl LDH (46.2 m2/g). Surface morphological changes also confirmed by SEM image, which showed more aggregated particles. The result of the adsorption study indicated the composite material was efficient in removing malachite green with Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of CuAl/BC reaching 470.96 mg/g, which is higher than the original CuAl LDH 59.523 mg/g. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption of malachite green occurs spontaneously (ΔG < 0 at all tested temperature) and endothermic nature. Moreover, the CuAl/BC composite showed strong potential as a low-cost adsorbent for cationic dye removal since it showed not only a high adsorption capacity but also good reusability. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) rate in the polygraphic investigation of classic and novel hypnotic drugs
Authors: Parrino L , Fioriti G , Terzano MG 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe difficulty to recruit homogeneous samples of insomniacs requires alternative approaches for sleep studies. Acoustic perturbation in healthy volunteers made it possible to determine an experimental model of acute situational insomnia in order to investigate the effects of classic and novel hypnotic compounds. Unfortunately, the traditional scoring parameters of sleep are inadequate to provide reliable information for defining the neurophysiological bases of insomnia and for evaluating the efficacy of hypnotic drugs. Recent studies on the microstructure of sleep have permitted to identify a specific EEG feature, the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP), correlated with the subjective appreciation of sleep quality. Comparing placebo, zolpidem, zopiclone, lorazepam and triazolam, given at equivalent therapeutic doses in middle-aged healthy volunteer subjects under basal conditions and under acute situational insomnia, provided non-significant information when using classical sleep parameters whereas CAP rate (the percentage ratio of CAP time to non-REM sleep time) permitted to discriminate the basal nights from the perturbed nights and the drug nights from the placebo nights. These data have been confirmed in clinical studies using zolpidem versus placebo in chronic insomniacs.
A community based study on the change of practice of female genital mutilation in a Sudanese village
Authors: Almroth L. , Almroth‐Berggren V. , Hassanein O.M. , El Hadi N. , Al‐Said S.S.E. , Hasan S.S.A. , Lithell U.‐B. , Bergström S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To investigate the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), among young and old parents. Methods: One hundred and twenty young parents and grandparents in a rural area in central Sudan were randomly selected for interviews carried out according to structured questionnaires with open answer possibilities. Results: All female respondents had undergone FGM. Of the young respondents, 44% had decided not to let their daughters undergo FGM. Young fathers were more involved in the decision process than previously known, especially when decisions were taken not to perform FGM. Tradition and social pressure were the main motives for performing FGM. Sexuality was an important aspect, mentioned both as motives for and against FGM. Religious belief and education level significantly affected to what extent FGM was practiced. Conclusion: This is the first community based study of FGM indicating a significant shift in practice between generations, young parents starting to question the value of FGM.
Oligodendrocyte development in the spinal cord and telencephalon: common themes and new perspectives
Authors: Woodruff Rachel H. , Tekki‐Kessaris Nicoletta , Stiles Charles D. , Rowitch David H. , Richardson William D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThere are clear parallels between oligodendrocyte development in the spinal cord and forebrain. However, there is new evidence that in both of these regions oligodendrocyte lineage development may be more complex than we earlier thought. This stems from the recent identification of three new transcription factor genes, Olig1, Olig2 and Sox10, that are expressed from the early stages of oligodendrocyte lineage development. In this article, we highlight the common themes underlying specification and early development of oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord and telencephalon. Then, we discuss recent studies of Sox10 and the Olig genes and their implications for oligodendrocyte specification. We conclude that although the mechanisms of oligodendrogenesis appear to be fundamentally similar at different rostro‐caudal levels of the neuraxis, there are still many unanswered questions about the details of oligodendrocyte specification.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling in oligodendrocytes: a comparison of primary cultures and CG‐4
Authors: Stariha Rochelle L. , Kim Seung U. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOligodendrocytes play a significant role in the central nervous system, as these cells are responsible for myelinating axons and allowing for the efficient conduction of nerve impulses. Therefore, any understanding we can gain about the functional biology of oligodendrocytes will give us important insights into demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, where oligodendrocytes and myelin are damaged or destroyed. Currently, much attention has focussed on the role of a family of mitogen‐activated protein kinases in OL. This kinase family includes the extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases (ERKs), the stress‐activated c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and the 38 kDa high osmolarity glycerol response kinase (p38). The actions of mitogen‐activated protein kinases in oligodendrocytes appear to range from proliferation and cell survival to differentiation and cell death. In the past, studies on oligodendrocytes have been hampered by the difficulties inherent in producing large enough quantities of these cells for experimentation. This problem arises in large part due to the post‐mitotic nature of mature oligodendrocytes. Over the years, a cell line known as Central Glia‐4 (CG‐4) has become a popular oligodendrocyte model due to its potentially unlimited capacity for self‐renewal. In this review, we will look at the suitability of the Central Glia‐4 cell line as an oligodendrocyte model, specifically in respect to studies on mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling in oligodendrocytes.
Implantation of cultured human leptomeningeal cells into rat brain
Authors: DeGiorgio Lorraine A. , Bernstein Jerald J. , Blass John P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSince previous studies have shown that cells cultured from human leptomeninges can express neuronal and glial antigens under appropriate culture conditions [DeGiorgio L. A. et al. (1994) J. Neurol. Sci.124, 141–148; Bernstein J. J. et al. (1996) Int. J. Devl Neurosci.14(5), 681–687], we have studied the developmental characteristics of these cells further by grafting them into young adult rat brains. Cells were labeled in culture with Fast Blue and were identified unequivocally by hybridization with nick‐translated human DNA. Intensely Fast Blue positive human leptomeningeal cells were concentrated in the implant pocket and adjacent rat leptomeninges at one and two weeks postimplant. Human and rat leptomeningeal cells were similar morphologically and were equally immunopositive for vimentin and fibronectin. Implanted human cells did not express the neuronal and glial proteins they had in vitro. Cells which hybridized with human DNA corresponded to the intensely Fast Blue positive cells. Small groups of human DNA hybridizing cells were also observed in the choroid plexus. Less intensely Fast Blue positive neurons and glia were found in the brain, but these hybridized with rat DNA. A minority of human leptomeningeal cells implanted into rat brain are subsequently found in host leptomeninges where they demonstrate properties characteristic of leptomeningeal fibroblasts. Small numbers of implanted cells can survive for two weeks.
Development of serotoninergic chick retinal neurons
Authors: Ríos H. , Brusco A. , Saavedra J.Pecci 
Published: July 2002

AbstractNumerous neurotransmitters have been studied in detail in the developing retina. Almost all known neurotransmitters and neuromodulators were demonstrated in vertebrate retinas using formaldehyde‐induced fluorescence, uptake autoradiography or immunohistochemistry procedures. Serotoninergic (5HT) amacrine neurons were described in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina with their dendrites spreading within the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The present work describes the morphological pattern of development of serotoninergic amacrine neurons with a stratified dendritic branching pattern in the chick retina from embryonic day 12 to postnatal day 7. Serotoninergic‐bipolar neurons are also described. 5HT‐amacrine neurons have round or pear‐shaped somata and primary dendritic trees oriented toward the IPL that runs through the INL, showing several varicosities. Secondary dendrites then go through the INL, without any collateral branch. At the outer and inner margin of the IPL the primary and secondary dendrites originate an outer and an inner serotoninergic network, respectively. When the primary dendritic tree reaches the IPL it deflects laterally in sublayer 1—the outer serotoninergic network. Tertiary branches then arise from the secondary dendrite and deflect in the innermost sublayer of the IPL— the inner serotoninergic network. The final pattern of branching of 5HT amacrine cells was present at embryonic day 14 and was completely developed at hatching. Serotoninergic (5HT) bipolar neurons were also present in the INL at hatching. They are weakly immunoreactive and are probably a subset of bipolar cells that accumulate serotonin from the intersynaptic cleft and are not “true” 5HT neurons.
Eradication of cerebellar granular cells alters thedevelopmental expression of TRK receptors in the ratinferior olive
Authors: Riva‐depaty Isabelle , Dubreuil Yolande Lemaigre , Mariani Jean , Delhaye‐bouchaud Nicole 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGranule cells which relay the mossy fibre afferent system to the cerebellar cortex aregenerated postnatally in mammals. In their absence, the climbing fibres, i.e. the second afferentsystem to the cerebellum originating in the inferior olivary nucleus, remain in an immature stage,and substantial elimination of redundant synapses they establish on the Purkinje cells does notoccur in the rat between day five (P5) and day fifteen (P15). It is generally assumed that synapseelimination is partly regulated by electrical activity which modulates the competition amongafferent fibres for the uptake of a limited amount of trophic factors released by the target. Theneurotrophins, whose expression is developmentally regulated in the cerebellum, especially ingranule cells, could be this retrograde signal. Using RT‐PCR, we studied the expression of theirtrk receptors in the inferior olivary nucleus of developing and adult rats, and its alteration aftereradication of the granule cell precursors by X‐irradiation on P5. From P0 to P90, the amount oftrkA mRNA is low and remains stable in control rats ; the high levels of trkB and C mRNAsdetected at P0 markedly decrease in parallel from P5 and reach their minimal values at P15,when the process of synapse elimination is completed in the cerebellum. X‐irradiation of thecerebellum decreases the level of expression of the three trks, but a transient upregulation of trkCoccurs at P10. The downregulation of trkB and C expression in the inferior olivary nucleus,contemporary with the altered expression of neurotrophins in the cerebellum, suggest that NT‐3and/or BDNF/NT‐4/5 could be involved in the remodelling of olivocerebellar relationshipsduring development. In addition, the transient overexpression of trkC after granule cellseradication is consistent with a paracrin effect exerted on the olivary cells by granule cells releaseof NT‐3, at the time when the climbing fibres invest the growing Purkinje cell dendrites in themolecular layer.
Falling behavior and control effect on temperature rise under heating condition concerning water film flow on steel shutter surface
Authors: Ohmiya Yoshifumi , Tange Manabu , Nakamura Kohji , Miyazawa Yuya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of experiments were carried out on water film flow formed by a water discharge system on the surface of steel shutters. The experiments used three types of steel shutters for fire protection. The rates for water Ws supplied to the steel shutter from the slit of the water discharge system was changed. First, the water film flow that formed on the convex surfaces of the main curved parts of connected shutter slats was observed under non‐heating conditions. Then, the velocity of water film flow on the surface of steel shutter was analyzed by direct cross‐correlation method using PIV system. Next, the temperature distribution and other parameters of the water film flow were investigated under heating conditions using a radiation panel. The heating condition was changed by adjusting the separation distance between the radiation panel and the test specimen. To measure the temperatures on the non‐heated side of the test specimen, K‐type thermocouples were used. Fundamental knowledge was obtained about the behavior of water film flow on steel shutter surfaces under non‐heating conditions as well as the thermal insulation and other effects of the water film under heating conditions.