bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional manufacturing tolerant topology optimization with hundreds of millions of local stress constraints
Authors: da Silva Gustavo Assis , Aage Niels , Beck André Teófilo , Sigmund Ole 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn topology optimization, the treatment of stress constraints for very large scale problems (more than 100 million elements and more than 600 million stress constraints) has so far not been tractable due to the failure of robust agglomeration methods, that is, their inability to accurately handle the locality of the stress constraints. This article presents a three‐dimensional design methodology that alleviates this shortcoming using both deterministic and robust problem formulations. The robust formulation, based on the three‐field density projection approach, is extended and proved necessary to handle manufacturing uncertainty in three‐dimensional stress‐constrained problems. Several numerical examples are solved and further postprocessed with body‐fitted meshes using commercial software. The numerical investigations demonstrate that: (1) the employed solution approach based on the augmented Lagrangian method is able to handle very large problems, with hundreds of millions of stress constraints; (2) three‐dimensional stress‐based results are extremely sensitive to slight manufacturing variations; (3) if appropriate interpolation parameters are adopted, voxel‐based (fixed grid) models can be used to compute von Mises stresses with excellent accuracy; and (4) in order to ensure manufacturing tolerance in three‐dimensional stress‐constrained topology optimization, a combination of double filtering and more than three density field realizations may be required.
Specialized wool production economy of prehistoric farmstead of Chap I in the highlands of Central Tian Shan (Kyrgyzstan)
Authors: Ananyevskaya Elina , Buckley Michael , Pal Chowdhury Manasij , Tabaldiev Kubatbek , Motuzaite Matuzeviciute Giedre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAgro‐pastoral economies of prehistoric populations of Central Tian Shan highlands (2,000 masl and higher) have been poorly studied to date. Currently, we lack a general understanding of mobility and seasonality patterns of livestock herding and also lack knowledge about management strategies for particular productive goals in these high mountain valleys. In this paper, we report the results of the first systematic zooarchaeological analysis from the Final Bronze Age–Early Iron Age settlement Chap I located in Central Tian Shan highlands and discuss the data in relation to zooarchaeological evidence from contemporaneous sites in Central Asia. Our research has shown that Chap I was dominated by four domesticated herbivores: cattle, horses, sheep and goats. Data from Chap I demonstrate a strong focus on the exploitation of sheep and goats for meat and secondary products. Analysis of collagen peptides (ZooMS) from sheep/goats indicated that sheep were kept in greater numbers than goats. Sheep/goat mortality profiles and material evidence point to wool as an important product of highland pastoralism in the Central Tian Shan.
Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric behaviour of flavonoid 5‐O‐glucosides and their positional isomers detected in the extracts from the bark of Prunus cerasus L. and Prunus avium L.
Authors: Beszterda Monika , Frański Rafał 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionLiterature data concerning the electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) behaviour of flavonoid 5‐O‐glycosides are poor and sometimes disputable. Therefore, we decided to analyse the compounds of this kind present in the bark of Prunus cerasus and Prunus avium by using high‐performance liquid chromatography HPLC/ESI‐MS.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to obtain the comprehensive information about the ESI‐MS(+/−) behaviour of flavonoid 5‐O‐glucosides, to compare their behaviour with that of their positional isomers, to confirm that the known susceptibility of flavonoid 5‐O‐glucosides to hydrolysis may be successfully used for their identification.MethodThe bark from Prunus trees was extracted with pure methanol or, in order to perform hydrolysis and extraction simultaneously, with 5% methanolic solution of hydrochloric acid. The HPLC‐ESI‐MS analyses were performed using a Waters model 2690 HPLC pump and Waters/Micromass ZQ2000 mass spectrometer.ResultsFlavonoid 5‐O‐glycosides were completely hydrolysed under the acid conditions used, in contrast to their positional isomers. In positive ion mode, at low cone voltage, flavonoid 5‐O‐glycosides yield abundant Y0+ aglycone ions, in contrast to their positional isomers. In the negative ion mode, flavonoid 5‐O‐glycosides do not yield [Y0 − H]−· fragment ions, in contrast to their positional isomers. When aglycone contains only two hydroxyl groups, the flavonoid 5‐O‐glycosides can be detected in negative ion mode, whereas their positional isomers do not yield [M − H]− ions.ConclusionIt has been demonstrated that the susceptibility to hydrolysis of the analysed compounds, the abundances of respective fragment ions formed, and their ESI(−) response allow unambiguous identification of flavonoid 5‐O‐glycosides and their differentiation from their positional isomers.
An assessment of the relational orientation framework for Chinese societies: Scale development and Chinese relationalism
Authors: Bedford Olwen , Huang Yi‐Hui Christine , Ito Kenichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHow to capture the role of culture in individual behavior is a difficult question, in part because it is often embedded in the research approach. Many researchers have stressed the entrenched ethnocentrism of mainstream psychology approaches. In response, some Chinese scholars have turned to sociology theories to create a relation‐centered approach for investigating the psychology of Confucian societies. Scholars in Asia recently have proposed a theoretical model of psychological functioning in Chinese societies that encompasses the individual's sociocultural environment, which they labeled the relational orientation framework (ROF). The ROF is comprised of a structural‐relational factor grounded in sociological structuration theory with five dimensions that shape the individual's position in the social network, and a relational agency factor based on social exchange theory with four dimensions that capture the individual's orientation to exchange aspects of relationships. This study assesses the proposed theoretical structure of the model with empirical data. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with two independent samples from universities in mainland China (N = 601, M age = 20.8 years) supported the structural‐relational factor with the expected five dimensions and the relational agency factor with a modified version of the four dimensions with acceptable reliability and validity scores and good levels of model‐data fit. We provide recommendations for refining conceptualization of the two factors for future development of an assessment tool.
Not all aspirin products have equivalent antiplatelet efficacy—Aspirin formulated with magnesium stearate is less effective in preventing ischemic stroke
Authors: Huang Kelly , Cheng Ching‐Lan , Yang Yea‐Huei Kao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeMagnesium stearate (MgSt) is a widely used excipient in pharmaceutical formulations but should be avoided in aspirin preparations as it hydrolyzes aspirin. We hypothesized that preparations of aspirin‐containing MgSt (MgSt‐ASA) are less effective in preventing thrombosis in clinical settings. The risk of composite cardiovascular events in patients treated with MgSt‐ASA preparations for preventing secondary stroke was evaluated.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used Taiwan's claims data from 1997 to 2013. Patients who were discharged after ischemic stroke (IS) and administered with only MgSt‐ASA or non‐MgSt‐ASA preparations were enrolled. Composite events including all‐cause mortality, IS hospitalization, and myocardial infarction‐related hospitalization in the follow‐up period under therapy with MgSt‐ASA or non‐MgSt‐ASA preparations were considered primary outcomes. Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted with the baseline comorbidities and medications using the Cox model.ResultsA total of 19 500 patients with IS (60% males, average age 67 years) were identified, which included 2064 patients receiving MgSt‐ASA treatment initially and 17 436 patients receiving non‐MgSt‐ASA preparation initially. The crude incidence of composite events was 11.65 per 100 person‐years, whereas it was 11.45 and 13.90 per 100 person‐years for patients receiving non‐MgSt‐ASA and MgSt‐ASA treatments, respectively. The risk of composite events was higher in patients receiving MgSt‐ASA preparations than in those receiving non‐MgSt‐ASA formulations, with the adjusted HR being 1.23 at 95% confidence interval of 1.02 to 1.47.ConclusionsMgSt‐ASA preparation use was associated with a higher risk of composite events than non‐MgSt‐ASA preparations. Review of aspirin formulations under regulatory intervention is warranted.
Polymer grafting from a metallo‐centered enzyme improves activity in non‐native environments
Authors: Kovaliov Marina , Zhang Borui , Konkolewicz Dominik , Szcześniak Katarzyna , Jurga Stefa , Averick Saadyah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetallo‐centered enzymes have found applications in environmental remediation, green synthesis and sensors. These enzymes destabilize at extreme pH, elevated temperature or high‐organic‐content conditions. For these enzymes to find more widespread adoption and use, stabilization in non‐native conditions is critical. We report the impact of grafting polymers from the surface of laccase, a metalloenzyme with a Cu active site, modified with a polymerization‐initiating species ligated to the protein's lysine residues. Initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization was used to graft a small library of polymers from the protein. The impact of polymer grafting on enzyme activity as a function of pH, temperature or organic solvent was determined. While polymer grafting from laccases was found to increase enzymatic activity, we found that grafting high‐molecular‐weight dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate displayed the greatest enhancement to catalytic activity. The results demonstrate that polymer grafting can improve laccase activity in native and non‐native conditions. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Investigating Byssogenesis with Proteomic Analysis of Byssus, Foot, and Mantle in Mytilus Mussels by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Sansoucy Maxime , Tremblay Réjean , Carrington Emily , Marcotte Isabelle , Sleno Lekha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMussel byssus represents a fascinating class of biological materials with a unique capacity to adhere onto virtually any solid surface. Proteins expressed in byssus, the byssal‐producing organ (foot) as well as mantle tissue from Mytilus edulis or Mytilus californianus are analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The mantle is used as a control tissue to pinpoint unique proteins from the foot samples potentially involved in byssogenesis. This work represents an important step towards identifying biologically important proteins expressed in foot, as well as extending knowledge on the byssus proteome. Considering the minimal proteomics data of the studied species, this data also contributes to a more complete description of M. edulis and M. californianus proteomes.
Exploring reasons for variations in anxiety after testing positive for human papillomavirus with normal cytology: a comparative qualitative study
Authors: McBride Emily , Marlow Laura A. V. , Bennett Kirsty F. , Stearns Selma , Waller Jo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore reasons for variations in anxiety in women testing positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) with normal cytology at routine HPV primary cervical cancer screening.MethodsIn‐depth interviews were conducted with 30 women who had tested HPV‐positive with normal cytology, including 15 with low‐to‐normal anxiety and 15 with high anxiety. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis to compare themes between low and high anxiety groups.ResultsSeveral HPV‐related themes were shared across anxiety groups, but only highly anxious women expressed fear and worry, fatalistic cognitions about cancer, fertility‐related cognitions, adverse physiological responses and changes in health behaviour(s). In comparison to those with low anxiety, women with high anxiety more strongly voiced cognitions about the 12‐month wait for follow‐up screening, relationship infidelity, a lower internal locus of control and HPV‐related symptom attributions.ConclusionsReceiving an HPV‐positive with normal cytology result related to various emotional, cognitive, behavioural and physiological responses; some of which were specific to, or more pronounced in, women with high anxiety. If our observations are confirmed in hypothesis‐driven quantitative studies, the identification of distinct themes relevant to women experiencing high anxiety can inform targeted patient communications and HPV primary screening implementation policy.
Quantum Dots Microstructural Metrology: From Time‐Resolved Spectroscopy to Spatially Resolved Electron Microscopy
Authors: Kudilatt Hasna , Hou Bo , Welland Mark E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (QDs) have unique optical and electrical properties with promising applications in next‐generation semiconductor technologies, including displays, lighting, solar cells, photodetectors, and image sensors. Advanced analytical tools to probe the optical, morphological, structural, compositional, and electrical properties of QDs and their ensemble solid films are of paramount importance for the understanding of their device performance. In this review, comprehensive studies on the state‐of‐the‐art metrology approaches used in QD research are introduced, with particular focus on time‐resolved (TR) and spatially resolved (SR) spectroscopy and microscopy. Through discussing these analysis techniques in different QD system, such as various compositions, sizes, and shell structures, the critical roles of these TR‐spectroscopic and SR‐microscopic techniques are highlighted, which provide the structural, morphological, compositional, optical, and electrical information to precisely design QDs and QD solid films. The employment of TR and SR analysis in integrated QD device systems is also discussed, which can offer detailed microstructural information for achieving high performance in specific applications. In the end, the current limitations of these analytical tools are discussed, and the future development of the possibility of interdisciplinary research in both QD fundamental and applied fields is prospected.
High levels of inherent variability in microbiological assessment of bronchoalveolar lavage samples from children with persistent bacterial bronchitis and healthy controls
Authors: Craven Vanessa , Hausdorff William P. , Everard Mark L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is widely regarded as providing “gold standard” samples for infective lower respiratory tract disease. Current approaches have been adopted empirically without robust assessment and hence carry many assumptions that have not been tested. Many of these uncertainties were highlighted in the ATS pediatric bronchoscopy guidelines. This study was designed to explore some of these issues. BAL was undertaken via an endotracheal tube in 13 subjects aged less than 6 years with persistent bacterial bronchitis and five healthy controls. Aliquots of the same pooled BAL sample were sent to two accredited laboratories. one producing semiquantitative results and the other quantitative results. For five patients potentially pathogenic bacteria were grown by one laboratory but not the other, while in three more there were discrepancies in the organisms reported. Despite being symptomatic and off antibiotics, only 3 of 13 patients were reported to have a pathogen at a density of more than 1 × 104 colony forming unit. There was at best a poor correlation between semiquantitative and quantitative data. Potential pathogens were cultured in two of five control samples. The results suggest that the results from conventional microbiological assessment of BAL samples can be highly variable and that the proposal that a discrete cut‐off is of value in patients with chronic endobronchial infection is probably invalid.
Status and outlook for acaricide and insecticide discovery
Authors: Jeschke Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo guarantee sustainability and progress, the agrochemical industry is faced with several major challenges. Currently, loss of active ingredients due to consumer perception, changing grower needs and ever‐changing regulatory requirements is far higher than the number being introduced into the market. Therefore, there is a need to develop new products that can provide improved efficacy, selectivity and favorable environmental profiles. Strategies to achieve these goals are the search for acaricides and insecticides with new modes of action, or the discovery of novel molecules with activity on the most attractive target sites having resistance breaking properties against pest species. In this context, the introduction of halogen atoms or asymmetric centers into an active ingredient remains an important tool to modulate their properties, but so too is the pro‐pesticide concept. This review gives an overview of agrochemicals launched over the past 8 years, reflects new insights into known mechanisms of action, and describes the status and outlook for acaricide and insecticide discovery.
Molecular cloning and pharmacology of Min‐UNC‐49B, a GABA receptor from the southern root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Nomura Kazuki , Yoshizumi Satoru , Ozoe Fumiyo , Ozoe Yoshihisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundRoot‐knot nematodes are plant‐parasitic nematodes that cause immense damage to a broad range of cultivated crops by forming root galls, resulting in yield losses in crops. To facilitate the development of faster‐acting selective nematicides, we cloned three cDNAs encoding UNC‐49B proteins from the southern root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and examined their functional and pharmacological properties by two‐electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology using a Xenopus oocyte expression system.ResultsThe three cloned cDNAs encoded Min‐UNC‐49B, Min‐UNC‐49B‐L and Min‐UNC‐49B‐XL; the last two proteins have longer N‑terminal regions than the first protein. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, these proteins responded to γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) to activate currents with high‐micromolar or low‐millimolar half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) values, indicating the formation of functional homo‐pentameric GABA receptors. Fipronil and picrotoxinin inhibited GABA‐induced currents with high‐nanomolar and low‐micromolar half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, respectively, in oocytes expressing Min‐UNC‐49B. The G2′A and T6′M mutations in the second transmembrane domain of Min‐UNC‐49B enhanced and reduced the sensitivity of Min‐UNC‐49B to these two antagonists, respectively. Samaderine B and SF‐14 inhibited GABA responses in oocytes expressing Min‐UNC‐49B with low‐micromolar and high‐nanomolar IC50 values, respectively. Ivermectin, α‐terpineol, thymol and methyl eugenol exerted dual effects on Min‐UNC‐49B by potentiating currents induced by low concentrations of GABA and inhibiting currents induced by high concentrations of GABA.ConclusionWe have shown that structurally diverse compounds act at Min‐UNC‐49B GABA receptors. Our results may serve as a starting point to decipher the molecular function of native GABA receptors of plant‐parasitic nematodes, which could aid in the structure‐based design of novel nematicides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessing the quality of studies in meta‐research: Review/guidelines on the most important quality assessment tools
Authors: Luchini Claudio , Veronese Nicola , Nottegar Alessia , Shin Jae Il , Gentile Giovanni , Granziol Umberto , Soysal Pinar , Alexinschi Ovidiu , Smith Lee , Solmi Marco 
Published: September 2020

SummarySystematic reviews and meta‐analyses pool data from individual studies to generate a higher level of evidence to be evaluated by guidelines. These reviews ultimately guide clinicians and stakeholders in health‐related decisions. However, the informativeness and quality of evidence synthesis inherently depend on the quality of what has been pooled into meta‐research projects. Moreover, beyond the quality of included individual studies, only a methodologically correct process, in relation to systematic reviews and meta‐analyses themselves, can produce a reliable and valid evidence synthesis. Hence, quality of meta‐research projects also affects evidence synthesis reliability. In this overview, the authors provide a synthesis of advantages and disadvantages and main characteristics of some of the most frequently used tools to assess quality of individual studies, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses. Specifically, the tools considered in this work are the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale (NOS) and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) for observational studies, the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT), the Jadad scale, the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2 (RoB2) for randomized controlled trials, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) and the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2), and AMSTAR‐PLUS for meta‐analyses.What is already known?The informativeness and quality of evidence synthesis inherently depend on the quality of what has been pooled into meta‐research projects. Beyond the quality of included individual studies, only a methodologically correct process, in relation to systematic reviews and meta‐analyses themselves, can produce a reliable and valid evidence synthesis.What is new?In this overview, the authors provide a synthesis of advantages and disadvantages and main characteristics of some of the most frequently used tools to assess quality of individual studies, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses.Potential impactThis overview serves as a starting point and a brief guide to identify and understand the main and most frequently used tools for assessing the quality of studies included in meta‐research. The authors here share their experience in publishing several meta‐research‐related articles covering different areas of medical sciences.