bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The physiological demands of Singing for Lung Health compared to treadmill walking
Authors: Philip Keir , Lewis Adam , Buttery Sara , McCabe Colm , Manivannan Bishman , Fancourt Daisy , Orton Christopher , Polkey Michael , Hopkinson Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Participating in singing is considered to have a range of social and psychological benefits. However, the physiological demands of singing, whether it can be considered exercise, and its intensity as a physical activity are not well understood. We therefore compared cardiorespiratory parameters while completing components of Singing for Lung Health (SLH) sessions, with treadmill walking at differing speeds (2, 4, and 6km/hr). Eight healthy adults were included, none of whom reported regular participation in formal singing activities. Singing induced physiological responses that were consistent with moderate intensity activity (METS: median 4.12, IQR 2.72 - 4.78), with oxygen consumption, heart rate, and volume per breath above those seen walking at 4km/hr. Minute ventilation was higher during singing (median 22.42L/min, IQR 16.83 - 30.54) than at rest (11L/min, 9 - 13), lower than 6km/hr walking (30.35L/min, 26.94 - 41.11), but not statistically different from 2km/hr (18.77L/min, 16.89 - 21.35) or 4km/hr (23.27L/min, 20.09 - 26.37) walking. Our findings suggest the metabolic demands of singing may contribute to the health and wellbeing benefits attributed to participation. However, if physical training benefits result remains uncertain. Further research including different singing styles, singers, and physical performance impacts when used as a training modality is encouraged.
Stabilization of S3O4 at High Pressure-Implications for the Sulfur Excess Paradox
Authors: Liu Siyu , Lv Jian , Gao Pengyue , Hermann Andreas , Yang Guochun , Wang Yanchao , Ma Yanming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The geological conundrum of “sulfur excess” refers to the finding that predicted amounts of sulfur, in the form of SO2, discharged in volcanic eruptions much exceeds the sulfur available for degassing from the erupted magma. Exploring the source of the excess sulfur has been the subject of considerable interest. Here, from a systematic computational investigation of sulfur oxygen compounds under pressure, a hitherto unknown S3O4 compound containing a mixture of sulfur oxidation states +II and +IV emerges and is predicted to be stabilized above a pressure of 79 GPa. We predict that S3O4 can be produced via multiple redox reactions involving subducted S bearing minerals (e.g., sulfates and sulfides) at high pressure and temperature conditions relevant to the deep lower mantle, and conversely be decomposed into SO2 and S at shallow depths of Earth. Therefore, S3O4 can be considered as a key intermediate compound to promote the decomposition of sulfates to release SO2, which offers an alternative source of the excess sulfur released during explosive eruptions. These findings provide a possible resolution to the geological paradox of “excess sulfur degassing” and a viable mechanism for understanding of S exchange between Earth’s surface and the lower mantle for the deep sulfur cycle.
General Versus Regional Anaesthesia for Caesarean Section Indicated for Acute Foetal Distress: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Metogo Junette Arlette , Nana Theophile , Ngongheh Brian , Nyuydzefon Emelinda , Adjahoung Christoph , Tochie Joel , Minkande Jacqueline 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAcute foetal distress (AFD) is a life-threatening foetal condition complicating 2% of all pregnancies and accounting for 8.9% of caesarean sections (CS) especially in developing nations. Despite the severity of the problem, no evidence exists as to the safest anaesthetic technique for the mother and foetus couple undergoing CS for AFD. We aimed to compare general anaesthesia (GA) versus regional (spinal and epidural) anaesthesia in terms of their perioperative maternal and foetal outcomes.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective cohort study by reviewing the medical records of all women who underwent CS indicated for AFD between 2015 to 2018 at the Douala General Hospital, Cameroon. Medical records of neonates were also reviewed. We sought to investigate the association between GA, and regional anaesthesia administered during CS for AFD and foetal and maternal outcomes. The threshold of statistical significance was set at 0.05. ResultsWe enrolled the medical records of 117 pregnant women who underwent CS indicated for AFD. Their mean age and mean gestational age were 30.5 ± 4.8 years and 40 weeks respectively. Eighty-three (70.9%), 29 (24.8%) and 05 (4.3%) pregnant women underwent CS under SA, GA and EA respectively. Neonates delivered by CS under GA were more likely to have a significantly low APGAR score at both the 1st (RR = 1.93, p = 0.014) and third-minute (RR = 2.52, p = 0.012) and to be resuscitated at birth (RR = 2.15, p = 0.015).Past CS, FHR pattern on CTG didn’t affect these results in multivariate analysis. Adverse maternal outcomes are shown to be higher following SA when compared to GA ConclusionThe study infers an association between CS performed for AFD under GA and fetal morbidity. This, however, failed to translate into a difference in perinatal mortality when comparing GA vs RA. This finding does not discount the role of GA, but we emphasize the need for specific precautions like adequate anticipation for neonatal resuscitation in order to reduce neonatal complications associated with CS performed for AFD under GA.
Association between Severe Acute Malnutrition during Childhood and Variability in Blood Pressure during Adulthood in Low- and Middle-income Countries: The Lwiro Cohort Study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mwene-Batu Pacifique , Lemogoum Daniel , Hoye Laurène de le , Bisimwa Ghislain , Hermans Michel , Minani Jimmy , Amani Gaylord , Mateso Guy-Quesney , Cikomola Justin , Dramaix Michelle , Donnen Phillipe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Little is known about the long-term outcomes of Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) during childhood. As such, this study aims to explore the association between childhood SAM and blood pressure (BP) variability in adulthood in a context without nutrition transition. Methodology: We identified 524 adults (Median age: 22 years) who were treated for SAM during childhood in Eastern DRC between 1988 and 2007. They were compared with 407 community unexposed age-and-sex matched with no history of SAM. The variables examined for this study were the systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean (MBP) and pulse (PP) blood pressures, as well as high blood pressure (HBP) in adulthood. For comparison, linear and logistic regression models were used for analysing continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. Results: Of the 524 exposed located, 145 exposed were selected according to age. A total of 97 unexposed were recruited. Compared to unexposed, exposed had slightly higher SBP and PP after adjusting [SBP = 1.4 mm Hg (-2.2, 4.8) and PP = 2.6 mm Hg (-0.3, 6.0)]. However, their mean DBP was lower that of among the unexposed [ -1.6 mm Hg (-4.6, 1.5)]. MBP and creatinine levels were comparable between the two groups. The prevalence of HBP adjusted for age was higher among exposed than unexposed (9.7% vs 5.3%). In addition, the odds of having HBP was higher among exposed than unexposed, however the difference was not statistically significant [ORa 1.9 (0.7, 5.6)]. Finally, using multiple regression, although the effect was not significant, SAM was a major contributor to HBP [OR 3.1 (0.9,10.9), p = 0.064], while being male and higher BMI were the only independent predictors among the young population of this study. Conclusions: There was no significant impact from an episode of SAM during childhood on BP variability in young adults in a context without nutrition transition. However, people who experienced a period of SAM had a higher prevalence of HBP and a much higher risk of developing HBP than unexposed. Additional multicentre studies involving a larger cohort would provide greater understanding of the impact of SAM on the overall risk of BP disorders during adulthood.
Total, Gender- and Age-specific Incidence Rates of Upper Extremity Nerve Injuries in Finland
Authors: Wiman Kirsi , Hulkkonen Sina , Miettunen Jouko , Auvinen Juha , Karppinen Jaro , Ryhänen Jorma 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nerve injuries of the upper extremity can cause significant motor and sensory deficits that may lead to personal suffering and work disability with increased healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of nerve injuries of the upper extremity in the whole population of Finland (1998–2016). Data based on diagnosis codes were obtained from the Care Register for Health Care, including incident cases of median, radial, ulnar, musculocutaneous, axillary, and digital nerves. Age- and gender-specific incidence rates, both crude and standardised (for the European normal population in 2011), were calculated as well as the level of the nerve injuries in the upper extremity. Our study included 13,458 patients with upper extremity nerve injury. The mean standardised incidence rate of any upper extremity nerve injury was 1.18 among men and 0.05 among women per 100,000 person-years over the study period. The incidence peaked among men at working age. The most common nerve injury level was the fingers and thumb, with 5,533 cases and mean standardised incidence rates per 100,000 person-years of 0.51 among men and 0.19 among women.
TrancriptomeReconstructoR, A Data-Driven Annotation of Complex Transcriptomes
Authors: Ivanov Maxim , Sandelin Albin , Marquardt Sebastian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The quality of gene annotation determines the interpretation of results obtained in transcriptomic studies. The growing number of genome sequence information calls for experimental and computational pipelines for de novo transcriptome annotation. Ideally, gene and transcript models should be called from a limited set of key experimental data. Results: We developed TranscriptomeReconstructoR, an R package which implements a pipeline for automated transcriptome annotation. It relies on integrating features from independent and complementary datasets: i) full-length RNA-seq for detection of splicing patterns and ii) high-throughput 5' and 3' tag sequencing data for accurate definition of gene borders. The pipeline can also take a nascent RNA-seq dataset to supplement the called gene model with transient transcripts.We reconstructed de novo the transcriptional landscape of wild type Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings as a proof-of-principle. A comparison to the existing transcriptome annotations revealed that our gene model is more accurate and comprehensive than the two most commonly used community gene models, TAIR10 and Araport11. In particular, we identify thousands of transient transcripts missing from the existing annotations. Our new annotation promises to improve the quality of A.thaliana genome research.Conclusions: Our proof-of-concept data suggest a cost-efficient strategy for rapid and accurate annotation of complex eukaryotic transcriptomes. We combine the choice of library preparation methods and sequencing platforms with the dedicated computational pipeline implemented in the TranscriptomeReconstructoR package. The pipeline only requires prior knowledge on the reference genomic DNA sequence, but not the transcriptome. The package seamlessly integrates with Bioconductor packages for downstream analysis.
A Network Pharmacology Approach to Determine the Mechanisms of Action of Shuangshen Granules in Suppressing Pancreatic Cancer Precursor Lesions
Authors: Jiang Juling , Zhang Zhenhua , Yuan Yixin , Qi Runzhi , Chen Shuntai , Zhang Xiwen , Zhang Xing , Xi Yupeng , Guo Qiujun , Zheng Honggang , Hua Baojin , Liu Rui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and purpose: Pancreatic cancer is an insidious and highly lethal disease. Recognition and treatment of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions (PCPL) are important measures and can improve patient survival rate. Shuangshen Granules (SSG) have been prescribed for use in clinical practice for more than seven years and are widely used to treat the precursor lesions of various tumours. In this study, we used network pharmacology to explore the pharmacological mechanisms through which SSG suppress PCPL. We aimed to provide a basis for further research and the development of small, molecular, natural chemical drugs.Methods: We first searched databases and screened the bioactive components of SSG and the related targets acting on PCPL to construct a component-target network. Then, network topology analysis was used to analyse the hub target of SSG acting on PCPL. Enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were also performed to determine the potential pathways. Finally, molecular docking simulations were carried out to investigate the interactions between PCPL-target proteins and the active components of SSG.Results: Seven of the main components of SSG affected PCPL, with 100 key targets including 16 hub targets. In addition, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that SSG regulated 111 molecular functions, 46 cellular components, 2334 biological processes, and 144 related signalling pathways, of which 26 were closely related to PCPL. Results of molecular docking analysis showed that the PCPL-related targets had strong binding properties with the active components of SSG, quercetin, and ginsenoside rh2, mainly TNF, IL-6, AKT1, TP53, and EGFR.Conclusion: This study has revealed the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms through which SSG acts on PCPL. It also provides powerful evidence to support the exploration of the pharmacological mechanisms of action and clinical applications of traditional Chinese medicine.
General Anaesthesia Related Mortality in a Limited Resource Settings Region: A Retrospective Study in Two Teaching Hospitals of Butembo
Authors: Pascal Furaha Nzanzu Blaise , Malisawa Agnes , Barratt-Due Andreas , Namboya Felix , Pollach Gregor 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: General anaesthesia (GA) in developing countries is still a high-risk practice, especially in Africa, accompanied with high morbidity and mortality. No study has yet been conducted in Butembo to determine the mortality related to GA practice. The main objective of this study was to assess mortality related to GA in Butembo. Methods: This study was a retrospective analytic study of patients who underwent surgery under GA in the 2 main teaching hospitals of Butembo from January 2011 to December 2015. Data were collected from patients file, anaesthesia registries and were analysed with SPSS 26. Results: From a total of 921patients, male and female patients were 539 (58.5%) 382 (41.5%) respectively. A total of 83 (9.0%) patients died. The overall perioperative mortality rate was 90 per 1,000. From the 83 deaths, 38 occurred within 24h representing GA related mortality of 41 per 1,000. There was a global drop in mortality from 2011 to 2015. The risk factors of death were neonate and senior adult age, emergency operation, ASA physical status more than 2 and single deranged vital sign preoperatively. The occurrence of any complication during GA increased the risk of death. Anaesthesia duration more than 120 minutes increased mortality as well as visceral surgeries/laparotomies. Ketamine was the most employed agent. Conclusion: GA related mortality is very high in Butembo. Improved GA services and outcomes can be obtained by training more anaesthesia providers, proper patients monitoring, enhanced the infrastructure, better equipment and drugs procurement.
Plasma vanin-1 as a novel biomarker of sepsis for trauma patients: a prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Lu Hongxiang , Zhang Anqiang , Wen Dalin , Du Juan , Sun Jianhui , Qiao Liang , Du Dingyuan , Gu Wei , Jiang Jianxin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroudVanin-1 plays a pivotal role in oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. However, its relationship with traumatic sepsis remains unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether plasma vanin-1 expression can be used to predict traumatic sepsis in an early time.MethodsIn this three-stage prospective cohort study, severe trauma patients admitted to two hospitals from January 2015 to October 2018 were enrolled. Clinical data during hospitalization and APACHE II score were collected. Plasma vanin-1 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The associations among variables and traumatic sepsis were identified by logistic regression model. The receiver-operating characteristic curve was analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the selected factors.ResultsA total of 426 trauma patients (22 patients in the discovery cohort, 283 patients in the internal test cohort, and 121 patients in the external validation cohort) and 16 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The plasma vanin-1 level of trauma patients was significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers (P < 0.05), and sepsis patients had higher plasma vanin-1 than non-sepsis patients in the discovery trauma cohort (P < 0.05). In the internal test cohort, plasma vanin-1 levels at day 1 after trauma were significantly associated with the incidence of sepsis (OR = 3.92, 95% CI = 2.68–5.72, P = 1.62⊆10− 12). As a predictive biomarker, vanin-1 obtained a better area under the curve (AUC) (0.82, 95% CI = 0.77–0.87) than C-reaction protein (CRP) (0.62, 95% CI = 0.56–0.68, P < 0.0001), procalciton in (PCT) (0.66, 95% CI = 0.60–0.71, P < 0.0001), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) (0.71, 95% CI = 0.65–0.76, P = 6.70⊆10− 3). In addition, the clinical relevance between plasma vanin-1 and traumatic sepsis was validated in the external validation cohort (OR = 4.26, 95% CI = 2.22–8.17, P = 1.28⊆10− 5). The AUC of vanin-1 was 0.83 (95% CI = 0.75–0.89), which was better than that of CRP, PCT, and APACHE II.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that plasma vanin-1 increased among trauma patients and was independently associated with the risk of sepsis. Vanin-1 might be a potential biomarker for the early prediction of traumatic sepsis.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT01713205. Registered 24 October 2012.
Age Related Changes in the Circulating Leukocyte Transcriptome in Dairy Cows
Authors: Buggiotti Laura , Cheng Zhangrui , Salavati Mazdak , Wathes Claire D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies of ageing have identified many pathways which are consistently altered in humans and model organisms. Dairy cows are often culled at quite young ages due to an inability to cope adequately with metabolic and infectious diseases, resulting in reduced milk production and infertility. Improved longevity is therefore a desirable trait which would benefit both farmers and their cows. This study analysed the transcriptome derived from RNA-seq data of leukocytes obtained from Holstein cows in early lactation with respect to lactation number. Results: Samples were divided into three age groups for analysis: i) primiparous (PP, n = 53), ii) multiparous in lactations 2-3 (MP 2-3, n = 121), and iii) MP in lactations 4-7 (MP>3, n = 55). Leukocyte expression was compared between PP vs MP>3 cows with MP 2-3 as background using DESeq2 followed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Seven modules were significantly correlated (r ≥ 0.25) to the trait age. Genes from the modules which were more highly expressed in either the PP or MP>3 cows were pooled, and the gene lists subjected to David functional annotation cluster analysis. The top three clusters from modules more highly expressed in the PP cows all involved regulation of gene transcription, particularly zinc fingers. Another cluster included genes encoding enzymes in the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway. Top clusters up-regulated in MP>3 cows included the terms Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, C-type lectin, and Immunity. Differentially expressed candidate genes for ageing previously identified in the human blood transcriptome up-regulated in PP cows were mainly associated with T-cell function (CCR7, CD27, IL7R, CAMK4, CD28), mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPS27, MRPS9, MRPS31), and DNA replication and repair (WRN). Those up-regulated in MP>3 cows encoded immune defence proteins (LYZ, CTSZ, SREBF1, GRN, ANXA5, ADARB1). Conclusions: Genes and pathways associated with age in cows were identified for the first time to date, and we found that many were comparable to those known to be associated with ageing in humans and model organisms. We also detected changes in energy utilization and immune responses in leukocytes with age.
Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma After Postoperative Radiotherapy for a Keloid: a Case Report
Authors: Aramaki-Hattori Noriko , Watanabe Itsuo , Okabe Keisuke , Sakai Shigeki , Morioka Hideo , Kishi Kazuo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The current standard treatment for keloids is a combination of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy with 8–25 Gy. Case presentation: Our case was a 75-year-old patient who developed a swollen mass in her chest 20 years after excision of a chest keloid followed by 32 Gy postoperative radiotherapy. After resection of the swollen mass, pathology indicated extraskeletal osteosarcoma. Conclusions: Six putative cases of carcinogenesis after postsurgical radiotherapy for keloid have been reported over the last 70 years. To our knowledge, this is the first case of post-keloid radiotherapy carcinogenesis that meets the definition of a radiation-induced sarcoma. The risk of secondary carcinogenesis after postsurgical radiotherapy for keloid is small but must be explained to the patient.
Machine Learning-based in-hospital Mortality Prediction Models for Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Ke Jun , Chen Yiwei , Wang Xiaoping , Wu Zhiyong , Zhang qiongyao , Lian Yangpeng , Chen Feng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to evaluate the performance of traditional regression and machine learning prediction models.MethodsThe data of ACS patients who entered the emergency department of Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2020 for chest pain were retrospectively collected. The study used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality of ACS patients. The traditional regression and machine learning algorithms were used to develop predictive models, and the sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the performance of each model.ResultsA total of 7810 ACS patients were included in the study, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 1.75%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that age and levels of D-dimer, cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and calcium channel blockers were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. The study found that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the models developed by logistic regression, gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), random forest, and support vector machine (SVM) for predicting the risk of in-hospital mortality were 0.963, 0.960, 0.963, and 0.959, respectively. Feature importance evaluation found that NT-proBNP, LDH, and HDL cholesterol were top three variables that contribute the most to the prediction performance of the GBDT model and random forest model.ConclusionsThe predictive model developed using logistic regression, GBDT, random forest, and SVM algorithms can be used to predict the risk of in-hospital death of ACS patients. Based on our findings, we recommend that clinicians focus on monitoring the changes of NT-proBNP, LDH, and HDL cholesterol, as this may improve the clinical outcomes of ACS patients.