bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by Ag nanoparticles on anodized TiO2−X nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Ting , Ye Junzhi , Arul Rakesh , Yang Tingxuan , Wang Yixuan , Yue Xiaoyu , Schaefer Marcel , Simpson Cather , Nieuwoudt Michél K. , Huang Saifang , Wei Shanghai , Gao Wei 
Published: November 2019

In this work, Ag nanoparticles were deposited in the TiO[Formula: see text] nanotube films through magnetron sputtering to form Ag-TiO[Formula: see text] nanocomposite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study microstructure and surface morphology. Rhodamine B (RhB) was deposited on the surface of Ag-TiO[Formula: see text] substrate for Raman spectroscopy test. The size of Ag nanoparticles can be controlled by changing the magnetron sputtering time. The result indicated that sputtering for 30 s obtained the highest Raman enhancement.
Market efficiency in the emerging and frontier markets of the MENA countries
Authors: Derbali Abdelkader 
Published: November 2019

Daily and weekly market index returns were analyzed to examine market efficiency in emerging and frontier markets in MENA region. Based on a set of tests, autocorrelation, runs, unit root and multiple variance report tests, over a period of 7 years, our results show mixed results for different indices. However, emerging and frontier market and yield series indicate the lack of market efficiency. We find that daily and weekly market index returns do not follow random markets. We can conclude that investors can obtain the flow of arbitrage profits due to the inefficiency of the market belonging to these countries.
Muscle2View, a CellProfiler pipeline for detection of the capillary-to-muscle fiber interface and high-content quantification of fiber type-specific histology
Authors: Sanz Gema , Martínez-Aranda Luis Manuel , Tesch Per A. , Fernandez-Gonzalo Rodrigo , Lundberg Tommy R. 
Published: November 2019

Because manual immunohistochemical analysis of features such as skeletal muscle fiber typing, capillaries, myonuclei, and fiber size-related parameters is time consuming and prone to user subjectivity, automatic computational methods could allow for faster and more objective evaluation. Here, we developed Muscle2View, a free CellProfiler-based pipeline that integrates all key fiber-morphological variables, including the novel quantification of the capillary-to-fiber interface, in one single tool. Provided that the images are of sufficient quality and the settings are configured for the specific study, the pipeline allows for automatic and unsupervised analysis of fiber borders, myonuclei, capillaries, and morphometric parameters in a fiber type-specific manner from large batches of images in <10 min/tissue sample. The novel identification of the capillary-to-fiber interface allowed for the calculation of microvascular factors such as capillary contacts (CC), individual capillary-to-fiber ratio (C/Fi), and capillary-to-fiber perimeter exchange (CFPE) index. When comparing the Muscle2View pipeline to manual or semiautomatic analysis, overall the results revealed strong correlations. For several variables, however, there were differences (5–15%) between values computed by manual counting and Muscle2View, suggesting that the methods should not necessarily be used interchangeably. Collectively, we demonstrate that the Muscle2View pipeline can provide unbiased and high-content analysis of muscle cross-sectional immunohistochemistry images. In addition to the classical morphological measurements, the Muscle2View can identify the complex capillary-to-fiber network and myonuclear density in a fiber type-specific manner. This robust analysis is done in one single run within a user-friendly and flexible environment based on the free and widely used image software CellProfiler. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we developed a freely available CellProfiler-based pipeline termed Muscle2View, which provides unbiased, high-content analysis of muscle cross-sectional immunohistochemistry images. In addition to fiber typing, myonuclei counting, and the quantification of fiber type-specific morphological measurements, the Muscle2View pipeline can identify the complex capillary-to-fiber network from a batch of images within minutes. Thus, the Muscle2View is a viable tool for researchers aiming to quantify immunohistochemical variables from skeletal muscle biopsies.
Targeting CD39 in Cancer Reveals an Extracellular ATP- and Inflammasome-Driven Tumor Immunity
Authors: Li Xian-Yang , Moesta Achim K. , Xiao Christos , Nakamura Kyohei , Casey Mika , Zhang Haiyan , Madore Jason , Lepletier Ailin , Aguilera Amelia Roman , Sundarrajan Ashmitha , Jacoberger-Foissac Celia , Wong Clifford , dela Cruz Tracy , Welch Megan , Lerner Alana G. , Spatola Bradley N. , Soros Vanessa B. , Corbin John , Anderson Ana C. , Effern Maike , Hölzel Michael , Robson Simon C. , Johnston Rebecca L. , Waddell Nicola , Smith Corey , Bald Tobias , Geetha Nishamol , Beers Courtney , Teng Michele W. L. , Smyth Mark J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe explored the mechanism of action of CD39 antibodies that inhibit ectoenzyme CD39 conversion of extracellular ATP (eATP) to AMP and thus potentially augment eATP–P2-mediated proinflammatory responses. Using syngeneic and humanized tumor models, we contrast the potency and mechanism of anti-CD39 mAbs with other agents targeting the adenosinergic pathway. We demonstrate the critical importance of an eATP–P2X7–ASC–NALP3-inflammasome–IL18 pathway in the antitumor activity mediated by CD39 enzyme blockade, rather than simply reducing adenosine as mechanism of action. Efficacy of anti-CD39 activity was underpinned by CD39 and P2X7 coexpression on intratumor myeloid subsets, an early signature of macrophage depletion, and active IL18 release that facilitated the significant expansion of intratumor effector T cells. More importantly, anti-CD39 facilitated infiltration into T cell–poor tumors and rescued anti–PD-1 resistance. Anti-human CD39 enhanced human T-cell proliferation and Th1 cytokine production and suppressed human B-cell lymphoma in the context of autologous Epstein–Barr virus–specific T-cell transfer.Significance:Overall, these data describe a potent and novel mechanism of action of antibodies that block mouse or human CD39, triggering an eATP–P2X7–inflammasome–IL18 axis that reduces intratumor macrophage number, enhances intratumor T-cell effector function, overcomes anti–PD-1 resistance, and potentially enhances the efficacy of adoptive T-cell transfer.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1631
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Stromal Evolution into LRRC15+ Myofibroblasts as a Determinant of Patient Response to Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Dominguez Claudia X. , Müller Sören , Keerthivasan Shilpa , Koeppen Hartmut , Hung Jeffrey , Gierke Sarah , Breart Beatrice , Foreman Oded , Bainbridge Travis W. , Castiglioni Alessandra , Senbabaoglu Yasin , Modrusan Zora , Liang Yuxin , Junttila Melissa R. , Klijn Christiaan , Bourgon Richard , Turley Shannon J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith only a fraction of patients responding to cancer immunotherapy, a better understanding of the entire tumor microenvironment is needed. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we chart the fibroblastic landscape during pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression in animal models. We identify a population of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) that are programmed by TGFβ and express the leucine-rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15) protein. These LRRC15+ CAFs surround tumor islets and are absent from normal pancreatic tissue. The presence of LRRC15+ CAFs in human patients was confirmed in &gt;80,000 single cells from 22 patients with PDAC as well as by using IHC on samples from 70 patients. Furthermore, immunotherapy clinical trials comprising more than 600 patients across six cancer types revealed elevated levels of the LRRC15+ CAF signature correlated with poor response to anti–PD-L1 therapy. This work has important implications for targeting nonimmune elements of the tumor microenvironment to boost responses of patients with cancer to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Significance:This study describes the single-cell landscape of CAFs in pancreatic cancer during in vivo tumor evolution. A TGFβ-driven, LRRC15+ CAF lineage is associated with poor outcome in immunotherapy trial data comprising multiple solid-tumor entities and represents a target for combinatorial therapy.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 161
S-Nitrosylation of Plastin-3 Exacerbates Thoracic Aortic Dissection Formation via Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction
Authors: Pan Lihong , Lin Zhe , Tang Xin , Tian Jiaxin , Zheng Qiao , Jing Jin , Xie Liping , Chen Hongshan , Lu Qiulun , Wang Hong , Li Qingguo , Han Yi , Ji Yong 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a fatal disease that leads to aortic rupture and sudden death. However, little is known about the effect and molecular mechanism of S-nitrosylation (SNO) modifications in TAD formation.

Approach and Results:
SNO levels were higher in aortic tissues from TAD patients than in those from healthy controls, and PLS3 (plastin-3) SNO was identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Furthermore, tail vein administration of endothelial-specific adeno-associated viruses of mutant PLS3-C566A (denitrosylated form) suppressed the development of TAD in mice, but the wild-type PLS3 (S-nitrosylated form) virus did not. Mechanistically, Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced PLS3 SNO enhanced the association of PLS3 with both plectin and cofilin via an iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase)-dependent pathway in endothelial cells. The formation of PLS3/plectin/cofilin complex promoted cell migration and tube formation but weakened adherens junction formation in Ang II–treated endothelial cells. Interestingly, denitrosylated form of PLS3 partially mitigated Ang II–induced PLS3/plectin/cofilin complex formation and cell junction disruption. Additionally, the inhibition of iNOS attenuated PLS3 SNO and the association of PLS3 with plectin and cofilin, thereby modulating endothelial barrier function.

Conclusions:
Our data indicate that protein SNO modification in endothelial cells modulates the progression of aortic aneurysm and dissection. The iNOS-mediated SNO of PLS3 at the Cys566 site promoted its interaction with cofilin and plectin, thus contributing to endothelial barrier disruption and pathological angiogenesis in TAD.
Comparison of Clinical Trials and Administrative Claims to Identify Stroke Among Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Strom Jordan B. , Zhao Yuansong , Faridi Kamil F. , Tamez Hector , Butala Neel M. , Valsdottir Linda R. , Curtis Jeptha , Brennan J. Matthew , Shen Changyu , Boulware Mike , Popma Jeffrey J. , Yeh Robert W. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Cerebrovascular events (CVEs) are devastating complications after aortic valve replacement. We assessed whether billing claims accurately identify CVEs in place of clinical event adjudication in structural heart disease trials.

Methods:

Adult participants in the US CoreValve High Risk and SURTAVI trials (Surgical or Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement in Intermediate-Risk Patients) were linked to Medicare inpatient claims from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016. Claims consistent with CVEs within 14 days of a similar trial-adjudicated CVE were considered a match. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of
International Classification of Diseases,
Ninth and
Tenth
Revisions, Clinical Modification
billing codes for cerebrovascular disease were determined against trial-defined CVEs as the criterion standard. Kaplan-Meier estimates of claims-defined versus trial-defined CVEs were compared.

Results:

Among 4230 linked trial participants (linkage rate 79.8%), 550 (13.0%) sustained 630 adjudicated CVEs over a 5-year follow-up period. Linked and nonlinked individuals were similar. An algorithm using 4
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
codes (434.91, 434.11, 433.11, and 997.02) had a sensitivity of 60.9%, specificity of 99.0%, positive predictive value of 86.5%, and negative predictive value of 95.8% for identifying a trial-adjudicated ischemic stroke. An algorithm using 3
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification
codes (I63.9, I63.40, I63.49) had a sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 99.4%, positive predictive value of 88.9%, and negative predictive value of 97.6%.

Conclusions:

In linked clinical trial and Medicare claims data, 4
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
and 3
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification
billing codes identified half of trial-adjudicated CVEs during follow-up with high specificity and predictive value, but imperfect sensitivity. Although low sensitivity may limit the use of claims to substitute for traditional trial outcomes to identify CVEs, high specificity suggests claims could be used to trigger evaluation of neurological events, potentially improving the efficiency of the evaluation of techniques and devices designed to reduce such events.
Discretionary Thrombophilia Test Acquisition and Outcomes in Patients With Venous Thromboembolism in a Real‐World Clinical Setting
Authors: Kozak Patrick M. , Xu Meng , Farber‐Eger Eric , Gailani David , Wells Quinn S. , Beckman Joshua A. 
Published: November 2019

Background

The value of thrombophilia test acquisition in improving risk prediction beyond clinical presentation remains unknown. We investigated the effect of thrombophilia test acquisition on venous thromboembolism (
VTE
) outcomes.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients over a 15‐year period (September 2001 and May 2016) with first diagnosis of
VTE
in a single academic medical center. Participants were identified by
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
(
ICD‐9
),
Current Procedural Terminology
(
CPT
) codes and medication history. Participants with thrombophilia testing were matched to control participants without thrombophilia testing using a propensity model. Primary outcomes included recurrent
VTE
, anticoagulant use 12 months after the index
VTE
event, bleeding‐related hospitalization, and death. From 3590 unique patients who met the inclusion criteria, 747 participants with
VTE
who underwent thrombophilia testing were matched to a control participant without testing. Tested participants were more likely to have a recurrent event (46.1% versus 28.5%;
P
<0.001) and an anticoagulant prescription 12 months from the index event (53.9% versus 37.1%;
P
<0.001) but had no significant difference in bleeding‐related hospitalization (11.4% versus 11.8%;
P
=0.81) compared with untested participants. An abnormal thrombophilia test result, per se, did not predict recurrent
VTE
(47.8% versus 44.1%;
P
=0.13), longer duration anticoagulation (53.2% versus 54.8%;
P
=0.51), bleeding (11.5% versus 11.3%;
P
=0.70), or mortality (12.2% versus 16.1%;
P
=0.18) compared with participants who had normal test results.

Conclusions

The decision to perform thrombophilia testing, but not the test result, is associated with a high risk of recurrent
VTE
despite a greater likelihood of long‐duration anticoagulation.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Adipose Tissue Do not Improve Functional Recovery After Ischemic Stroke in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Diekhorst Luke , Gómez-de Frutos Mari Carmen , Laso-García Fernando , Otero-Ortega Laura , Fuentes Blanca , Jolkkonen Jukka , Detante Olivier , Moisan Anaick , Leyva Laura , Martínez-Arroyo Arturo , Díez-Tejedor Exuperio , Gutiérrez-Fernández María ,   on behalf of RESSTORE Consortium
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose—
Hypertension is the most frequent comorbidity in stroke.The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether hypertension alters the response to treatment with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) after an ischemic stroke in rats.

Methods—

Ischemic stroke was induced in male normotensive or hypertensive rats. Either vehicle or 1×10
6
ADMSC was intravenously administered at 48 hours poststroke. Functional outcome, lesion size and volume, and markers of brain repair (GFAP [glial fibrillary acidic protein], doublecortin, CD-31, α-smooth muscle actin) were evaluated.

Results—
Hypertensive rats had larger lesions, higher apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) and worse functional outcomes than normotensive rats. Hypertension increased GFAP and vascular markers (CD-31 and α-smooth muscle actin). The hypertensive rats treated with ADMSC did not show any significant improvement in functional recovery, lesion size, ADC values, or histological markers compared with those which received the vehicle.

Conclusions—
ADMSC did not reverse the hypertension-induced increase in lesion severity or functional impairment. Gliosis, neurogenesis, or vascular markers were not affected by ADMSC in hypertensive rats. Hypertension has a negative impact on the therapeutic effect of ADMSC after an ischemic stroke.
Impact of Varying Wind Patterns on PM10 Concentrations in the Seoul Metropolitan Area in South Korea from 2012 to 2016
Authors: Jeon Wonbae , Lee Hwa Woon , Lee Tae-Jin , Yoo Jung-Woo , Mun Jeonghyeok , Lee Soon-Hwan , Choi Yunsoo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we classify wind patterns that impacted PM10 concentrations in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), South Korea, from 2012 to 2016 and analyze their contributions to annual variability in particulate matter smaller than 10 μm in diameter (PM10). Using a k-means clustering analysis, we identify major wind patterns affecting PM10 concentrations from 2002 to 2016. We confirm that the impact of wind pattern changes on PM10 variability in the SMA from 2012 to 2016 was relatively greater than the impact from 2002 to 2011. We find that PM10 from 2012 to 2016 was mainly affected by wind patterns that were 1) associated with the transport of foreign emissions (our clusters H2, H4, and H5) and 2) favorable for ventilation (our clusters L1 and L2). This finding shows that PM10 variability was determined by overall variations in the respective wind patterns particularly associated with high (over 80 μg m−3) and low (below 30 μg m−3) PM10 concentrations. The results from 2012 to 2016 CMAQ simulations indicate that the effects of meteorological conditions (e.g., wind, temperature, humidity, and so on) on PM10 vary from year to year. The calculated PM10 anomalies from 2012 to 2016 were −4.97, 3.55, 1.73, 0.15, and −0.46 μg m−3, suggesting that the wind patterns in 2012 produced the least PM10 and those in 2013 produced the most.
Equilibrium- and Transient-State Dependencies of Climate Sensitivity: Are They Important for Climate Projections?
Authors: Geoffroy Olivier , Saint-Martin David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effective equilibrium climate sensitivity is generally assumed to be constant in climate change studies, whereas it may vary due to different mechanisms. This study assesses the importance of the different types of state dependencies of the radiative feedbacks for constraining climate projections from the historical record. In transition, the radiative feedbacks may vary with the changes in the warming pattern due to inhomogeneous ocean heat uptake. They may also vary in equilibrium due to their dependence on both temperature and CO2 concentration. A two-layer energy balance model (EBM) that accounts for these effects is shown to improve the representation of any CO2 pathway for the CMIP5 ensemble. Neglecting the nonlinear effects in constraint studies of climate projections from the historical record may induce errors in the estimated future warming. The EBM framework is used to study these errors for three characteristic CO2 pathways. The results show that the pattern effect of ocean heat uptake is not of major importance by inducing a median error of roughly −2% for a high-emission scenario. In contrast, assuming a log-linear CO2–ERF relationship and neglecting the equilibrium-state dependencies induce a larger median error of roughly −10%. This median error is likely due to the non-log-linear dependency of the instantaneous (nonadjusted) forcing, suggesting that the equilibrium-state dependencies do not induce any systematic error. However, they contribute to increasing uncertainties in future warming estimation.
The Efficiency of the Hadley Cell Response to Wide Variations in Ocean Heat Transport
Authors: Rencurrel M. Cameron , Rose Brian E. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Hadley cell (HC) plays a key role in the climate response to variations in ocean heat transport (OHT). Increased OHT is characterized by both a robust slowdown of this overturning circulation, with consequent changes in cloudiness driving the climate response, and a compensating reduction in the atmospheric heat transport (AHT). Here a suite of slab-ocean aquaplanet GCM simulations is used to study the robustness of mechanisms driving changes in HC mass and energy transport across a wide range of idealized spatial patterns of OHT. The HC response is intrinsically related to both the spatial pattern of OHT and the dynamical mechanisms driving the slowdown of the cell. The reduced energy flux of the HC is associated with reductions in both the mass flux and the gross moist stability (GMS) of the cell in all cases. However, when OHT convergence patterns are confined to the subtropics and equatorward thereof (i.e., subtropical overturning cells), the circulation response is largely momentum-conserving in nature when compared to OHT convergence patterns that extend into the midlatitudes, resulting in a deformation of the anomalous streamfunction following angular momentum contours. The effects of this deformation are quantified through a simple, yet novel approach of splitting the streamfunction anomalies into their “speed” and “shape” components. The tilt of the outer branch of the streamfunction anomaly dampens the direct climate effects of the slowdown of the cell while enhancing the change in GMS, effectively decoupling the change in the energy flux from the slowdown.
A Note on Concavity Conditions of Cobb–Douglas and CES Production Function with at Least Two Inputs
Authors: Kojić Vedran 
Published: November 2019

In microeconomics, the strict concavity is a very important property of a production function. In 2010, Avvakumov et al. gave a necessary and sufficient condition for the strict concavity of the Cobb–Douglas and constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function with at least two inputs. To derive these conditions, the negative definiteness of the Hessian for both production functions was examined using certain recurrences for the principal corner minors. The purpose of this note is to complement the proof of Avvakumov, Kiselev, Orlov & Taras’ev ( 2010 , Computational Mathematics and Modeling, 21(3), 336–378) by showing that the use of recurrences and mathematical induction is not necessary, and that a necessary and sufficient condition for the strict concavity can be obtained by considering a particular square matrix, whose determinant can be calculated directly using the rule for the determinant of a lower or upper triangular matrix. JEL Classifications: C60, C65, D21, D24