bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN DALAM KOMUNIKASI KEJHUNG MADURA DAN RELEVANSINYA BAGI PENANAMAN KARAKTER BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL MADURA
Authors: Utami Sri , L.Tobing Victor Maruli T 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAKGaya nyanyian Madura atau dikenal dengan sebutan kèjhungan pengekspresian yang menggebu, terkesan spontan,dan menyukai permainan nada-nada tinggi yang kemudian membentuk polapola melodi yang disebut kellèghãn Karakteristik kèjhungan yang relatif berbeda dengan kultur nyanyian daerah lainnya Kèjhung (Kidung dalam bahasa Jawa) merupakan tradisi lisan Madura Sebagai sebuah tradisi lisan, kèjhung menjadi salah satu ikon “manusia” Madura dari sudut pandang relegi, sosial, ekonomi, dan politik yang diungkapkan dengan bahasa puitis. Hal inilah yang menjadikan kèjhung Madura tetap dilestarikan dalam berbagai bentuk tradisi lisan Madura. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Model analisis yang digunakan dalam kerangka penelitian tradisi lisan kèjhung Madura ini mencakup dua tahap yakni (1) etnopedagogi untuk mengeksplorasi nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter berbasis kearifan lokal. (2) hermeneutika untuk menemukan relevansi bagi penanaman karakter. Nilainilai pendidikan yang terkadung dalam kèjhung Madura tersebut meliputi (1) nilai religius, (2) nilai budaya, (3) nilai sosial, (4) nilai personal. Kejhung Madura memiliki relevansi untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai luhur untuk membentuk karakter masyarakat. Penanaman karakter dapat dilakukan dengan melalui pertunjukan atau dapat diadopsi dalam bentuk baru dengan media yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi perkembangan teknologi pada saat ini dan melalui pendidikan seni budaya, pendidikan muatan lokal, pendidikan sastra dengan memasukkan nilai-nilai karakter budaya lokal dan dapat disosialisasi dan ditanamkan kepada anak didik di sekolah. Key Word : Nilai Pendidikan, kèjhung Madura, Kearifan lokal
PERAN KOMUNITAS ONLINE ‘SUARA DISKO’ DALAM MEMBANGUN BRAND AWARENESS MUSIK TAHUN 80AN MELALUI INSTAGRAM THE ROLE OF ONLINE COMMUNITY ‘SUARA DISKO’ IN BUILD A BRAND AWARENESS THROUGH 80’S MUSIC INSTAGRAM
Authors: Pramitasari Annisa , Fithrah Ali Dini Salmiyah 
Published: February 2020

The development of the community is currently getting forward and more of young people who have an interest in a thing that is similar and they began to build a community. Suara Disko. is a community that has a purpose to popularize the 80s music. With the evolve of social media makes Suara Disko ha s a media as Instagram to introduce their communities online. The purpose of this research is to find out how the role of online communities ‘Suara Disko ‘ in built a Brand Awareness through 80s music Instagram. This research using the qualitative method with approach case studies with indicator consists of four levels of Brand Awareness by Durianto that are Brand Recognition, Brand Unaware, Brand Recall, and Top Of Mind. Results of the study mentioned that the role of the community Suara Disko in built a Brand Awareness is by establishing the identity, provide the education, interaction with the followers, and become catchy by followers when considering which popularized back 80s music. Then to achieve the purpose of Suara Disko to popularize 80s music, Suara Disko is using Instagram to deliver activities in the form of visual and message. Keywords – Brand Awareness, Community, Instagram, Role, Suara Disko
RELASI ANTARETNIS DI KAMPUNG ARAB (Studi Komunikasi Antarbudaya di Kelurahan Ampel Surabaya)
Authors: Suryandari Nikmah , Trilaksono Andika 
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan di kawasan Kampung Ampel Semampir Surabaya yang multikultur. Wilayah ini sejak lama sudah dikenal sebagai wilayah dengan keragaman etnisitas, budaya yang tinggi. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di wilayah ini terjadi relasi antaretnis yang intens antara tiga etnis disana, yaitu Arab, Jawa dan Madura. Masing-masing etnis memiliki persepsi yang berbeda terhadap etnis lainnya baik yang positif maupun negatif. Pesan verbal nonverbal juga terjadi dalam interaksi antaretnis dengan beragam pemaknaan sesuai dengan latar belakang budaya masing-masing. Hal ini tidak jarang menimbulkan friksi dan pertentangan antarwarga.
A Viscosity Correlation for Gas-Saturated Crude Oils
Authors: Chew Ju-Nam , Connally Carl A. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 23–25.

Abstract
A correlation is presented for predicting the viscosity of gas-saturated crude oils under reservoir conditions. It is based on the dead oil viscosity and the solution GOR. The correlation was developed from a study which showed that at a fixed solution GOR, the relation between the gas-saturated oil viscosities and the corresponding dead oil viscosities is a straight line on logarithmic coordinates.
Data from 457 crude oil samples from the major producing areas of the U.S., Canada and South America were used. The best straight lines through the data were fitted by the method of least squares with a digital computer. The correlation is presented in the form of an equation and also in a convenient graphical form.

Introduction
The viscosity of gas-saturated crude oils under reservoir conditions is an important physical property used in reservoir engineering calculations. Many difficulties are inherent in the sampling of gas-saturated oils and in the laboratory measurement of their viscosities. Therefore, it is frequently neither possible nor convenient to obtain measured values, so the viscosity must be estimated from other, more readily available data.
This paper presents a correlation for predicting the viscosity of gas-saturated crude oils. The correlation is based on the amount of gas in solution and the viscosity of the dead oil at the temperature of interest.
A previous correlation of these variables was presented by Bear. In comparison, the correlation presented here extends to a higher GOR and to a lower dead oil viscosity. Over the range of variables covered by both, this correlation is based on approximately 11 times as many oil samples.

Development of Correlation
A study was made of the variables or parameters which could be used to relate the viscosity of a gas-saturated oil to its dead oil viscosity. Preference was given to those variables which are easily and commonly measured in the field or in the laboratory. It was found that either the differential liquid formation volume factor or the solution GOR of the gas-saturated oil could be used as a correlating parameter. The solution GOR was selected for the correlation because of its simplicity and availability.
Field Evaluation of Cathodic Production of Casing
Authors: Greathouse W.D. , Lehman J.J. , Landers J.E. , Sudbury J.D. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 354–360.

Abstract
A full scale field experiment on cathodic protection of casing answers questions concerning (1) the proper criteria for determining current requirements, (2) the amount of protection provided by different currents, and (3) the transfer of current at the base of the surface pipe.
Three dry holes in the Trico pool in Rooks County, Kans., were selected for cathodic protection tests. The three holes were in an area where casing failures opposite the Dakota water sand often occur in less than a year. Examination of the electric logs showed the wells to be similar to other wells in the field where casing in four of seven producing wells has failed.
The three holes were cleaned out and cased with 75 joints of new 5l/:z-in. 14-lb I–55. Each joint was visually inspected and marked before it was run. The casing was bull plugged and floated in the hole so that the inside might remain dry and free of excessive attack. Also, if a leak occurred, a pressure increase could be observed on gauge at the surface.
Extensive testing was done, including potential profiles, log current-potential curves and electrode measurements from both surface and downhole connections. Based on these data, a current of 12 amps was applied to one well and 4 amps to another. The third well was left to corrode.
During the two-year period when the casing was in the ground, the applied current was checked weekly and reference electrode measurements were made about every two months. Three sets of casing potential profiles were run.
When the three strings were pulled, each joint was examined for type of scale formed, presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria, extent of corrosion attack and pit depth. Since the pipe was new when run, quantitative determination of the protection provided by current was possible.
This is the first concrete field evidence to help resolve the many arguments about the proper method for selecting adequate current for cathodic protection of oilwell casing.
The Instability of Slow, Immiscible, Viscous Liquid-Liquid Displacements in Permeable Media
Authors: Chuoke R.L. , van Meurs P. , van der Poel C. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 188–194.

Introduction
The purposes of this paper are to present theoretical and experimental evidence for occurrence of macroscopic instabilities in displacement of one viscous fluid by another immiscible with it through a uniform porous medium and to compare available experimental data with some predictions of a theory of instability developed by the first author.
The instabilities are referred to as macroscopic in the sense that spatially quasi-sinusoidal, growing fingers of the displacing liquid are formed, the width and peak-to-peak separation (wavelength) of which is large relative to a characteristic length of the particular permeable medium such as grain size.
Visual models of two kinds have been used to obtain observations: displacement of oil by water-glycerine solutions through the flow channel formed by closely spaced parallel plates and displacement of oil by water with and without initial interstitial water through unconsolidated glass powder packs, employing the technique of matching indices of refraction.
In all cases we have observed macroscopic instabilities or fingers under conditions predicted by the theory to be favorable for their occurrence.
The phenomenon discussed here is not the production of streamers due to gross inhomogeneities such as permeability stratification of the porous medium.It is our object to show, on the contrary, that a quantitative prediction of finger spacing is possible in a porous medium known to be macroscopically homogeneous and isotropic throughout.
The importance of the phenomenon in its influence on the configuration of oil and water with respect to oil production behavior was noted earlier by Engelberts and Klinkenberg who coined the term "viscous fingering".

Theory

Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Instability and Initial Kinematics
There are several levels of increasing complexity in the theoretical description of instability of fluid displacements in permeable media. Of these, the simplest description, adapted to low permeability systems, is selected for presentation. More inclusive descriptions are reserved for separate publication.
Laboratory Studies of Formation Damage in Sands Containing Clays
Authors: Monaghan P.H. , Salathiel R.A. , Morgan B.E. , Kaiser A.D. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 209–215.

Abstract
The productivities of many hydrocarbon-bearing formations appear to be reduced during drilling, completing and repairing operations. The reason for these otherwise unexplainable low productivities may be a drastic reduction of formation permeability immediately surrounding the borehole. A possible cause of the reduced permeability is swelling and dispersion of clays present in porous media when contacted by fresh water or mud filtrates. Hence, the invasion of fresh water or mud filtrate into hydrocarbon-bearing formations that contain clays may cause low productivities as a result of formation damage.
Present laboratory investigations have yielded results which supplement existing literature on formation damage. An expanded-type clay, montmorillonite, was found in hydrocarbon-bearing formations not previously analyzed. When sand columns and formation cores containing montmorillonite were contacted by fresh water, their oil permeabilities were reduced. This reduction in oil permeability was restored partially but not completely by a repair procedure, i.e., flooding with kerosene containing organic agents or flooding with water containing electrolytes. Hence, where montmorillonite is present in formations, prevention of formation damage was indicated to be the only complete solution to the problem. To prevent formation damage, results suggested use of an approximately 1 per cent solution of calcium chloride or stronger solutions of sodium or potassium chloride.

Introduction

General Nature of Problem
In conventional rotary drilling operations the wall of the hole is exposed to drilling mud for days, weeks, and in some instances for as long as several months. During this time, drilling mud filtrate seeps slowly into formations surrounding the hole. The permeability and stability of many formations, especially those containing clayey materials, are impaired by the mud filtrate. Often interaction between the mud filtrate and the formation causes drilling and production difficulties.
A Laboratory Study of Rock Breakage by Rotary Drilling
Authors: Somerton Wilbur H. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 92–97.

Abstract
The effects of drilling variable on rotary drilling rates and efficiencies have been studied by a series of laboratory drilling tests.
Two-cone 1.25-in. diameter bits were used to drill vertically upwards into rock samples at controlled weights and rates of rotation. Shale, sandstone and specially prepared concrete samples were used in this study. Power input to the drilling system was measured and drilling chips collected for energy-size reduction studies.
Reasonably good correlations between drilling variables and rates of penetration were found. Quantities that are difficult to evaluate include rock strength parameters and the effects of bit wear. Effects of bit size and geometry require further investigation.
Analysis of the drilling chips confirmed the premise that, for rocks containing two or more mineral constituents of different strengths, a greater amount of rock breakage occurs in the weaker constituent. Drilling conditions which required greater amounts of energy produced finer drilling chips. As bit tooth wear progressed, drilling chips became finer.
Efficiency of rotary drilling as a rock breakage mechanism was extremely low. Comparison was made with theoretical energy requirements and with energy requirements for size reduction by comminution methods.
The Use of the Method of Characteristics in Determining Boundary Conditions for Problems in Reservoir Analysis
Authors: Lee E.H. , Fayers F.J. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 284–289.

Abstract
Problems in analysis can usually be expressed in terms of a system of nonlinear partial differential equations. A method for setting physically reasonable boundary conditions for these systems by application of the theory of characteristics is discussed. A short description is given of the technique for finding characteristics of general first order and second order equations. Specific examples are quoted from equations occurring in theoretical studies. The principles associated with the use of characteristics to set physically realistic boundary conditions are developed, and the method is discussed in terms of boundary conditions for the noncapillary, incompressible, two-phase flow problem; for the capillary, incompressible, two-phase flow problem; for the detergent flooding problem; and for the compressible, noncapillary, two-phase flow problem.

Introduction
In most problems in reservoir analysis the physical situation is described by a system of nonlinear partial differential equations. The general solution to the set of equations usually comprises a wide range of functions and a particular solution is normally selected by applying suitable boundary conditions to the problem. In some cases it is clear from the physical situation what form the boundary conditions should take, but it is usually desirable to have an independent mathematical check of the suitability of the chosen conditions. From the mathematical standpoint, a system of partial differential equations with boundary conditions is said to be properly set if the combination determines a unique solution which is continuously dependent on the equation and the boundary conditions. Such a solution is sometimes termed "reasonable".
In investigating the properties of the mathematical representation, it is useful to determine the structure of the system by the application of the theory of characteristics. This theory determines in the space of the independent variables, lines or surfaces which play a special role in the system's behavior. The characteristics determine the possibility and nature of the propagation of discontinuities in the derivatives of the dependent variables.
Maximum Reservoir Worth - Proper Well Spacing
Authors: Miller C.C. , Dyes A.B. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 216, 1959, pages 334–340.

Abstract
The cost of finding and developing new reserves is continually rising. We must meet these rising costs with in ore economical operations. This can be accomplished if we revise our ideas of proper well spacing and well allowables to consider the concept of optimum well spacing. According to this concept, the optimum spacing is the one which leads to the maximum present worth for a reservoir when all factors affecting total cost and total revenue are considered and when the wells are produced in the most efficient manner. Application of this principle efficiently utilizes available well potential and properly considers the recovery efficiency in addition to fixing the spacing on the basis of the amount and value of the oil to be recovered.
This study presents an analysis of one producing zone containing low gravity crude to illustrate the effect of these factors on the present worth and on the optimum economic spacing under two production drives-evolved gas and water drive. The maximum present worth occurs when the optimum number of wells for open-flow operation is employed. Frequently, this optimum development calls for very wide spacing and the ideal field rates are not unreasonable. Under other circumstances where proration is necessary, an optimum combination of well spacing and well allowable exists which permits production at relatively high rates.
The optimum well density in a field depends on the recovery efficiency and the value of the oil. In solution gas-driven reservoirs this optimum spacing for operation at high producing rates can vary from extremely wide spacing to handle viscous low gravity oil in thin formations to relatively close spacing in thick sands where good recoveries are expected. Because of the better recovery from water-driven fields, the optimum spacing in these fields is closer than in solution gas-driven fields. Also, the water encroachment pattern is dependent upon the well spacing, and an adequate number of wells is needed to assure a good sweep efficiency. The economic optimum well density in a water-driven field is high enough for this purpose.
Effects of Crude Oil Components on Rock Wettability
Authors: Denekas M.O. , Mattax C.C. , Davis G.T. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 216, 1959, pages 330–333.Paper presented at the AIChE-SPE Joint Symposium in Kansas City, Mo., May 17–20, 1959.

Abstract
The effects of crude oil components on the wettabilities of sandstone and limestone were investigated. Fractions containing components differing in molecular weight and molecular structure were obtained from crude oils by distillation, extraction and chromatography. Individual fractions were then tested for their effects on rock wettability. Tests indicate that sandstone wettability may be changed by a complex variety of surfactants varying both in molecular structure and molecular weight. Limestone appears to be particularly sensitive to basic, nitrogenous surfactants.

Introduction
Investigations in recent years have shown that petroleum reservoir rock wettability can exert a significant influence on the efficiency with which oil can be produced by water flooding. While most reservoirs are presumably water-wet, they may range in their degree of water-wettability from near-neutral to strongly water-wet. Reservoir wettabilities other than strongly water-wet are likely to be induced by adsorption of surface-active components from the crude oil on the pore walls of reservoir rock. Little is known, however, about the nature of the surface-active materials which are likely to be adsorbed by the reservoir rock. Due to the complexity of crude oils, attempts made in the past to isolate these surface-active components have met with only limited success.
It is probable that many different types of surface-active materials are indigenous to crude oils and that many of these may be adsorbed to varying degrees by reservoir rock. This was explored in the studies discussed in this paper.
A Method for Calculating Multi-Dimensional Immiscible Displacement
Authors: Douglas Jim , Peaceman D.W. , Rachford H.H. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol 216, 1959, pages 297–308. Paper presented at 34th Annual Fall Meeting of Society of Petroleum Engineers at Dallas, Tex. Oct. 4–7, 1959.

ABSTRACT
A numerical solution of equations describing two-phase flow in porous media shows promise in providing a technique for predicting the displacement from sands of oil by water or gas. The description includes the influence of relative permeability, fluid viscosities and densities, gravity, and capillary pressure, and, though tested only for two-dimensional cases, should be equally applicable in three-dimensional geometry. Two numerical methods are presented: the first method is quite general in its applicability; the second method can be used only with certain types of boundary conditions but requires less computing.
Comparisons of computed results with data from laboratory models are presented. These data were taken on a water flood of a stratified model and on water floods of a five-spot model for favorable and unfavorable mobility ratios. On the stratified model, excellent agreement with recovery at breakthrough was obtained; agreement with recovery after breakthrough was poor. In the five-spot model, good agreement was obtained with recovery at and after breakthrough.

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this paper is twofold; first, to present a reservoir engineering method requiring knowledge only of rock geometry and the normally measured rock and fluid properties for calculating the multi-dimensional flow of water displacing oil from porous, water-wet rock containing connate water; and, second, to investigate the validity of the method by comparing results of calculations with previously observed displacements in laboratory models.
The availability of such a verified technique of reservoir analysis would afford major advantages. First, it would demonstrate that the fundamental macroscopic concepts of two-phase fluid mechanics, i.e., relative permeability and capillary pressure, yield an adequate description of the physical process.