bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syngas Production via Methane Dry Reforming over La-Ni-Co and La-Ni-Cu Catalysts with Spinel and Perovskite Structures
Authors: Messaoudi Hassiba , Thomas Sébastien , Slyemi Samira , Djaidja Abdelhamid , Barama Akila 
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the catalytic properties of La-Ni-M (M = Co, Cu) based materials in dry reforming of methane (DRM) for syngas (CO + H2) production, were studied in the temperature range 773−1073 K. The LaNi0.9M0.1O3 and La2Ni0.9M0.1O4 (M = Co, Cu and Ni/M = 0.9/0.1) catalysts were prepared by partial substitution of Ni by Co or Cu using sol-gel method then characterized by XRD, H2-TPR and N2 physisorption. The XRD analysis of fresh catalysts showed, in the case of Co-substitution, the formation of La-Ni and La-Co perovskite and spinel structures, while only LaNiO3 and La2NiO4 phases were observed for the Cu-substituted samples. The substitution of these two structures by copper decreases the reduction temperature compared to cobalt. The reactivity results showed that the partial substitution of nickel by copper decreases the methane activation temperature, whereas a better stability of catalytic activity and syngas production was obtained via the cobalt-substituted catalysts, which is due to a synergistic effect between Ni and Co. The TPO analysis carried out on the spent catalysts indicated that the lowest carbon deposition was obtained for the cobalt substituted samples. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Multicomponent Nanoscale Patterning of Functional Light‐Harvesting Protein Complexes by Local Oxidation Lithography
Authors: Huang Xia , Hunter Christopher Neil , Vasilev Cvetelin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLocal oxidation lithography has the potential for patterning proteins on conductive substrates such as silicon with nanometer accuracy, guided by and extending the nanoscale architectures found in native bioenergetic membranes. Such membranes foster energy and electron transfers between two or more types of protein complex, so the potential of this lithographic technique is investigated for copatterning multiple types of protein complex. Composite patterns consisting of light‐harvesting 2 (LH2) and reaction center‐light‐harvesting 1‐PufX (RCLH1) complexes purified from Rhodobacter (Rba.) sphaeroides, and light‐harvesting complex II (LHCII) purified from spinach, are fabricated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images demonstrate the successful sequential deposition of single‐molecule layers of RCLH1 and LH2 molecules. In the case of LHCII, a mixture of single‐layer and multilayer patterns is found on the silicon substrate. Experimental conditions are established for the most efficient substrate surface modification and for protein immobilization. Spectral imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) show that the immobilized photosynthetic complexes retain their native light‐harvesting and energy transfer functions, and provide evidence for excitation energy transfer from LH2 to RCLH1. Local oxidation lithography has the capacity to pattern proteins singly, or in small domains, for fabricating bioinspired nanoscale architectures for biosensors and solar cells.
Nanoscale “Earthquake” Effect Induced by Thin Film Surface Acoustic Waves as a New Strategy for Ice Protection
Authors: Yang Deyu , Tao Ran , Hou Xianghui , Torun Hamdi , McHale Glen , Martin James , Fu YongQing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIce accretion often poses serious operational and safety challenges in a wide range of industries, such as aircraft, wind turbines, power transmission cables, oil field exploration and production, as well as marine transport. Great efforts have been expended to research and develop viable solutions for ice prevention. Effective ice protection techniques, however, have yet to be developed. Ice prevention measures that are currently available often consume significant amounts of de‐icing chemicals or energy, and these approaches are expensive to operate and have long‐term economic and environmental impacts. Here, a new ice protective strategy based on thin film surface acoustic waves (SAWs) is proposed that generates: nanoscale “earthquake”‐like vibrations, acoustic streaming, and acousto‐heating effects, directly at the ice–structure interface, which actively and effectively delays ice nucleation and weakens ice adhesion on the structure surface. Compared with the conventional electro‐thermal de‐icing method, the SAW approach demonstrates much‐improved energy efficiency for ice‐removal. The potential for the dual capability of autonomous ice monitoring and removing functions using the SAW generation elements as transducers is also explored.
Arsenic‐Induced Growth of Dodecagonal GaN Microrods with Stable a‐Plane Walls
Authors: Ciechanowicz Paulina , Gorantla Sandeep , Michałowski Paweł P. , Zdanowicz Ewelina , Rousset Jean‐Guy , Hlushchenko Daria , Adamczyk Krzysztof , Majchrzak Dominika , Kudrawiec Robert , Hommel Detlef 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNano‐ and micro‐rods of GaN offer many functionalities that are not present in regular flat nanostructures. Therefore, development of new growth methods of such structures is a hot topic. In this work the arsenic‐induced growth of GaN microrods under Ga‐rich conditions in the molecular beam epitaxy is presented. It is a self‐catalyst vapor–liquid–solid process with native Ga droplets. The formation of Ga droplets is induced by antisurfactant properties of arsenic. The presence of As during the epitaxial process promotes the growth of dodecagonal microrods with 12 walls: six m‐planes and six a‐planes. It is possible since As changes the growth rates for the different GaN planes comparing to arsenic‐free conditions, where hexagonal microrods are usually formed. The growth parameters and their influence on the sample morphology are carefully studied in this work. Microrods with an average height and diameter of 3 and 0.7 µm, respectively, and the density of 2.3 × 107 cm−2, are obtained under optimal growth conditions. The observed mechanism of growth of microrods can also be present in other material systems by introducing atoms with antisurfactant properties under metal‐rich conditions, where the surface is covered by a metal monolayer.
Incorporating Metal Organic Frameworks within Microstructured Optical Fibers toward Scalable Photoreactors
Authors: Potter Matthew E. , Stewart Daniel J. , Ignatyev Konstantin , Bradley Tom , Sazio Pier J. A. , Raja Robert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOptical fiber technology has revolutionized the telecommunications industry, though is still under‐utilized in chemistry. Optical fibers open many avenues for introducing, and containing, light in chemical reactions, as part of a photoreactor. This work shows, for the first time, a design strategy for incorporating a photocatalytic, nanoporous framework (Co ZIF‐67) within the internal capillaries of an optical fiber, in doing so creating an all‐in‐one, plug‐in‐and‐play photoreactor. This system improves the reactivity of the photocatalyst, relative to the powdered form, for CH activation leading to CC bond formation, a significant process in pharmaceutical and organic synthesis. Performing this reaction using solar energy, and low temperature demonstrates the clear potential for these systems for large scale industrial applications.
Soft Tunable Lenses Based on Zipping Electroactive Polymer Actuators
Authors: Hartmann Florian , Penkner Lukas , Danninger Doris , Arnold Nikita , Kaltenbrunner Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCompact and entirely soft optics with tunable and adaptive properties drive the development of life‐like soft robotic systems. Yet, existing approaches are either slow, require rigid components, or use high operating voltages of several kilovolts. Here, soft focus‐tunable lenses are introduced, which operate at practical voltages, cover a high range of adjustable focal lengths, and feature response times in the milliseconds range. The nature‐inspired design comprises a liquid‐filled elastomeric lens membrane, which is inflated by zipping electroactive polymers to tune the focal length. An analytic description of the tunable lens supports optimized designs and accurate prediction of the lens characteristics. Focal length changes between 22 and 550 mm (numerical aperture 0.14–0.005) within 260 ms, equal in performance to human eyes, are demonstrated for a lens with 3 mm aperture radius, while applying voltages below 500 V. The presented model, design rules, and fabrication methods address central challenges of soft electrostatic actuators and optical systems, and pave the way toward autonomous bio‐inspired robots and machines.
Climate change impacts on corn heat unit for the Canadian Prairie provinces
Authors: Major David. J. , McGinn Sean M. , Beauchemin Karen A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstractcorn heat unit (CHU) are used in Canada to rank corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids for maturity; however, maps showing expected CHU during the growing season have not been updated since 1976. The objective of this study was to: (a) examine historical weather data for the Canadian Prairie provinces and determine if there has been a change in the annual accumulation of CHU (ΣCHU), and (b) use updated technology and improved access to weather data to revise ΣCHU maps. Daily temperature data, recorded over the past century at 8,750 weather stations across Canada and consolidated into 1,413 sites were downloaded. There were 466 sites in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. The daily CHU were summed over the growing season for each site by year. The annual growing season for corn in the Prairies increased by 3–12 d over the past century, with greatest increases in southern and western locations. The change coincided with warmer springtime temperatures, allowing for earlier seeding, and warmer autumn temperatures, allowing for delayed harvest. During the past century, ΣCHU increased by 200–400 depending upon location, and the area with ΣCHU suitable for growing corn for silage has more than doubled to 915 thousand km2 (46% of the total area). These results provide tangible proof of climate change and its impacts on the potential for growing corn on the Prairies. The new ΣCHU maps can help farmers select regionally adapted corn hybrids. This study demonstrates the need for adaptive strategies for climate change in agriculture.
Selective Triazenation Reaction (STaR) of Secondary Amines for Tagging Monomethyl Lysine Post‐Translational Modifications
Authors: Nwajiobi Ogonna , Mahesh Sriram , Streety Xavier , Raj Monika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLysine monomethylation (Kme) is an impactful post‐translational modification (PTM) responsible for regulating biological processes and implicated in diseases, thus there is great interest in identifying these methylation marks globally. However, the progress in this area has been challenging because the addition of a small methyl group on lysine leads to negligible change in the bulk, charge, and hydrophobicity. Herein, we report an empowering chemical technology selective triazenation reaction, which we term “STaR”, of secondary amines using arene diazonium salts to achieve highly selective, rapid, and robust tagging of Kme peptides from a complex mixture under biocompatible conditions. Although the resulting triazene‐linkage with Kme is stable, we highlight the efficient decoupling of the triazene‐conjugate to afford unmodified starting components under mild conditions when desired. Our work establishes a unique chemoselective, traceless bioconjugation strategy for the selective enrichment of Kme PTMs.
Division and Regrowth of Phase‐Separated Giant Unilamellar Vesicles**
Authors: Dreher Yannik , Jahnke Kevin , Bobkova Elizaveta , Spatz Joachim P. , Göpfrich Kerstin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSuccess in the bottom‐up assembly of synthetic cells will depend on strategies for the division of protocellular compartments. Here, we describe the controlled division of phase‐separated giant unilamellar lipid vesicles (GUVs). We derive an analytical model based on the vesicle geometry, which makes four quantitative predictions that we verify experimentally. We find that the osmolarity ratio required for division is
, independent of the GUV size, while asymmetric division happens at lower osmolarity ratios. Remarkably, we show that a suitable osmolarity change can be triggered by water evaporation, enzymatic decomposition of sucrose or light‐triggered uncaging of CMNB‐fluorescein. The latter provides full spatiotemporal control, such that a target GUV undergoes division whereas the surrounding GUVs remain unaffected. Finally, we grow phase‐separated vesicles from single‐phased vesicles by targeted fusion of the opposite lipid type with programmable DNA tags to enable subsequent division cycles.
Guest Exchange by a Partial Energy Ratchet in Water
Authors: Yang Xue , Cheng Qian , Monnier Valerie , Charles Laurence , Karoui Hakim , Ouari Olivier , Gigmes Didier , Wang Ruibing , Kermagoret Anthony , Bardelang David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMolecular machines are ubiquitous in nature and function away from equilibrium by consuming fuels to produce appropriate work. Chemists have recently excelled at mimicking the fantastic job performed by natural molecular machines with synthetic systems soluble in organic solvents. In efforts toward analogous systems working in water, we show that guest molecules can be exchanged in the synthetic macrocycle cucurbit[7]uril by involving kinetic traps, and in such a way as modulating energy wells and kinetic barriers using pH, light, and redox stimuli. Ditolyl‐viologen can also be exchanged using the best kinetic trap and interfaced with alginate, thus affording pH‐responsive blue, fluorescent hydrogels. With tunable rate and binding constants toward relevant guests, cucurbiturils may become excellent ring molecules for the construction of advanced molecular machines working in water.
Surface Functionalized Sensors for Humidity‐Independent Gas Detection
Authors: Qu Fengdong , Zhang Shendan , Huang Chaozhu , Guo Xuyun , Zhu Ye , Thomas Tiju , Guo Haichuan , Attfield J. Paul , Yang Minghui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSemiconducting metal oxides (SMOXs) are used widely for gas sensors. However, the effect of ambient humidity on the baseline and sensitivity of the chemiresistors is still a largely unsolved problem, reducing sensor accuracy and causing complications for sensor calibrations. Presented here is a general strategy to overcome water‐sensitivity issues by coating SMOXs with a hydrophobic polymer separated by a metal–organic framework (MOF) layer that preserves the SMOX surface and serves a gas‐selective function. Sensor devices using these nanoparticles display near‐constant responses even when humidity is varied across a wide range [0–90 % relative humidity (RH)]. Furthermore, the sensor delivers notable performance below 20 % RH whereas other water‐resistance strategies typically fail. Selectivity enhancement and humidity‐independent sensitivity are concomitantly achieved using this approach. The reported tandem coating strategy is expected to be relevant for a wide range of SMOXs, leading to a new generation of gas sensors with excellent humidity‐resistant performance.
Tensor product model transformation‐based control for fractional‐order biological pest control systems
Authors: Boonyaprapasorn Arsit , Kuntanapreeda Suwat , Sa Ngiamsunthorn Parinya , Pengwang Eakkachai , Sangpet Teerawat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs environmental pollution and safety of human and creatures have been an issue of concern, pest management based on nonchemical use is preferable. Biological pest control can satisfy the regulation of pest population without causing environmental problems. Moreover, representation of dynamical systems in the form of fractional‐order dynamic models can explain several phenomena better than the integer‐order dynamic models can. The aim of this study is to determine the biological pest control policy for the fractional‐order pest control systems, which is a complex nonlinear multiple input and multiple output control problem. Here, the system is represented in the form of a fractional‐order Lotka–Volterra model. In order to avoid complexity in the nonlinear feedback controller design process, the tensor product (TP) model transformation was applied to automatically transform the biological pest control system to the TP polytopic model which allows the designer to synthesize the controller under linear framework. Moreover, the design process can be easily carried out by solving an linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem, which is very well applicable to high‐dimensional multiple input and multiple output control problems. Simulation studies were conducted to demonstrate the ease of the TP‐based design process. The simulation results showed that the designed control policy effectively manipulates the pest populations of the fractional‐order Lotka–Volterra model to the desired level which is economically viable.
Novel reversed‐phase HPLC method for simultaneous determination of ethynodiol diacetate (EDA)/ethinyl estradiol (EE) in pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Chinta Srinivasa Reddy , Ponnam Vijetha , Katari Naresh Kumar , Ediga Sasikiran Goud , Marisetti Vishnu Murthy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEthynodiol diacetate (EDA) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) tablets are indicated to prevent pregnancy in women who use oral contraceptives as a contraception method. EDA and EE were separated by reversed‐phase HPLC using Agilent ZORBAX SB‐Phenyl column, 4.6 mm × 15 cm, 5 μm, using a gradient mixture of acetonitrile and Milli‐Q water as mobile phase. The linearity and recovery were found in the range of 0.025–0.25 mg/mL and 0.05–0.18 mg/mL for EDA and 0.001–0.01 mg/mL and 0.002–0.007 mg/mL for EE, respectively. The method is validated according to the regulatory guidelines concerning system suitability, specificity, repeatability, recovery, linearity, robustness, and stability of the sample solution.
Phenoxy Radical Reactivity of Nucleic Acids: Practical Implications for Biotinylation
Authors: Wilbanks Brandon , Garcia Brian , Byrne Shane , Dedon Peter , Maher L. James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent advances in peroxidase‐mediated biotin tyramide (BT) signal amplification technology have resulted in high‐resolution and subcellular compartment‐specific mapping of protein and RNA localization. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of H2O2 is known to activate phenolic compounds for phenoxy radical reaction with nucleic acids, where biotinylation by BT is a practical example. BT reactivity with RNA and DNA is not understood in detail. We report that BT phenoxy radicals react in a sequence‐independent manner with guanosine bases in RNA. In contrast, DNA reactivity with BT cannot be detected by our methods under the same conditions. Remarkably, we show that fluorescein conjugates DNA rapidly and selectively reacts with BT phenoxy radicals, allowing convenient and practical biotinylation of DNA on fluorescein with retention of fluorescence.
High‐Capacity Iron‐Based Anodes for Aqueous Secondary Nickel–Iron Batteries: Recent Progress and Prospects
Authors: Yang Jiao , Chen Jingwei , Wang Zhixun , Wang Zhe , Zhang Qichong , He Bing , Zhang Ting , Gong Wenbin , Chen Mengxiao , Qi Miao , Coquet Philippe , Shum Ping , Wei Lei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture are the groups of Prof. Lei Wei at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. The Front Cover shows an aqueous rechargeable nickel‐iron (Ni‐Fe) battery that is realized by recent achievements in the design and preparation of nanostructured Fe‐based anodes. This safe, environmentally friendly and cost‐effective energy‐storage technology will enable next‐generation aqueous rechargeable Ni‐Fe batteries for wearable and large‐scale energy storage. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/celc.202001251.
Correlation between the structure and dielectric constant of Bi0.5(Na1‐xLix)0.5TiO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) solid solutions
Authors: Anjali Krishnankutty , Ajithkumar Thalasseril G. , Joy Pattayil A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBismuth sodium titanate Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) is a lead‐free piezoelectric ceramic material with high Curie temperature. The effect of substitution of the smaller ion Li+ for the larger ion Na+ in Bi0.5(Na1‐xLix)0.5TiO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) on the structure of BNT is studied using powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The Rietveld refinement analysis of the powder XRD patterns showed that all the compositions formed under the monoclinic Cc space group, with the lattice parameters showing minor changes above x > 0.08. Raman spectral parameters such as position and intensity of a peak also showed a similar trend in the same Li concentration range with increasing Li content. A corresponding change in the variation of the dielectric constant with increasing Li content is also observed, suggesting a close correlation between the crystal structure and dielectric properties of the different compositions in the Bi0.5(Na1‐xLix)0.5TiO3 solid solution series.
Enantiopure Calcium Iminophosphonamide Complexes: Synthesis, Photoluminescence, and Catalysis
Authors: Goswami Bhupendra , Feuerstein Thomas J. , Yadav Ravi , Köppe Ralf , Lebedkin Sergei , Kappes Manfred M. , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of calcium complexes ligated by three different chiral iminophosphonamide ligands, L‐H (L=[Ph2P{N(R)CH(CH3)Ph}2]), L′‐H (L′=[Ph2P{NDipp}{N(R)CH(CH3)Ph}]), (Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3), and L′′‐H (L′′=[Ph2P{N(R)CH(CH3)naph}2]), (naph=naphthyl) is presented. The resulting structures [L2Ca], [L′2Ca], and [L′′2Ca] represent the first examples of enantiopure homoleptic calcium complexes based on this type of ligands. The calcium complexes show blue–green photoluminescence (PL) in the solid state, which is especially bright at low temperatures. Whereas the emission of [L′′2Ca] is assigned to the fluorescence of naphthyl groups, the PL of [L2Ca] and [L′2Ca] is contributed by long‐lived phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), with a strong variation of the PL lifetimes over the temperature range of 5–295 K. Furthermore, an excellent catalytic activity was found for these complexes in hydroboration of ketones at room temperature, although no enantioselectivity was achieved.
Heteroaromatic Inhibitors of the Astacin Proteinases Meprin α, Meprin β and Ovastacin Discovered by a Scaffold‐Hopping Approach
Authors: Tan Kathrin , Jäger Christian , Körschgen Hagen , Geissler Stefanie , Schlenzig Dagmar , Buchholz Mirko , Stöcker Walter , Ramsbeck Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAstacin metalloproteinases, in particular meprins α and β, as well as ovastacin, are emerging drug targets. Drug‐discovery efforts have led to the development of the first potent and selective inhibitors in the last few years. However, the most recent compounds are based on a highly flexible tertiary amine scaffold that could cause metabolic liabilities or decreased potency due to the entropic penalty upon binding to the target. Thus, the aim of this study was to discover novel conformationally constrained scaffolds as starting points for further inhibitor optimization. Shifting from flexible tertiary amines to rigid heteroaromatic cores resulted in a boost in inhibitory activity. Moreover, some compounds already exhibited higher activity against individual astacin proteinases compared to recently reported inhibitors and also a favorable off‐target selectivity profile, thus qualifying them as very suitable chemical probes for target validation.