bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mathematical theoretical study of a particular system of Caputo–Fabrizio fractional differential equations for the Rubella disease model
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Mohammadi Hakimeh , Rezapour Shahram 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the rubella disease model with the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative. The mathematical solution of the liver model is presented by a three-step Adams–Bashforth scheme. The existence and uniqueness of the solution are discussed by employing fixed point theory. Finally some numerical simulations are showed to underpin the effectiveness of the used derivative.
Relations between fractional models with three-parameter Mittag-Leffler kernels
Authors: Fernandez Arran , Abdeljawad Thabet , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe consider two models of fractional calculus which are defined using three-parameter Mittag-Leffler functions: the Prabhakar definition and a recently defined extension of the Atangana–Baleanu definition. By examining the relationships between the two, we are able to find some new properties of both, as well as of the original Atangana–Baleanu model and its iterated form.
An early intervention to promote maternal sensitivity in the perinatal period for women with psychosocial vulnerabilities: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aarestrup Anne Kristine , Skovgaard Væver Mette , Petersen Janne , Røhder Katrine , Schiøtz Michaela 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Maternal mental well-being and social circumstances during pregnancy and early childhood impact the child’s well-being and development. Supportive and sensitive parenting is one of the strongest predictors of positive emotional, social and behavioral outcomes for the child. Knowledge is needed about how to detect and support vulnerable families already during pregnancy and in the postnatal period. The aim of this study is to assemble and evaluate an interdisciplinary cross-sectoral intervention to promote maternal sensitivity among women with psychological or social vulnerabilities.

Methods/design
This randomized controlled trial tests the efficacy of an intervention program in the perinatal period compared to care as usual in enhancing maternal sensitivity in a group of psychologically or socially vulnerable women in the Capital Region of Denmark. The intervention consists of four components: 1) detecting symptoms of mental illness in vulnerable pregnant women and initiating treatment if indicated, 2) strengthening parenting skills using the Circle of Security Parenting program, 3) supporting breastfeeding, and 4) sharing knowledge and organizing treatment pathways for families across sectors. Seventy-six families will be randomly assigned to the intervention or care-as-usual. Data will be obtained at study inclusion at 3–5 months of pregnancy, eight weeks after childbirth, and nine months after childbirth. The primary outcome is maternal sensitivity. Secondary outcomes include infant’s socio-emotional development, parents’ mentalization, parental stress, depressive symptoms, and parental wellbeing. Qualitative data will provide insight into the implementation process.

Discussion
This paper presents the rational and background for developing the intervention. Furthermore, the design and protocol of the randomized controlled trial. It is hypothesized that the intervention will be associated with positive changes in primary and secondary outcomes. If effective, the intervention will provide insights into prenatal risk profiles among an identified group of psychosocial vulnerable women important for early screening and point to effective preventive interventions that can support women in the perinatal period, increase maternal sensitivity and promote positive child development -starting before the child is born.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: ID: NCT03190707. Registered June 16, 2017.
Urbanization has opposite effects on the territory size of two passerine birds
Authors: Juárez Roselvy , Chacón-Madrigal Eduardo , Sandoval Luis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundUrban expansion has been identified as one of the leading drivers of biodiversity change or loss. For birds, urbanization is specifically related to survival, breeding success, and territory size. Understanding how different birds adjust territory size in response to urbanization is essential for their conservation in urban environments and to better understand why some species are lost and others persist under this condition. We evaluated the effect of urbanization on the territory size of an urban avoider species, White-eared Ground-Sparrow (Melozone leucotis), and an urban adapter species, House Wren (Troglodytes aedon), at five Costa Rican sites.MethodsWe measured the size of 30 ground-sparrow and 28 wren territories using a total of 296 h of observation. We followed each individual for at least 1 h per day for at least 2 days of two consecutive years, and geo-referenced their locations. Territory size was estimated using the minimum convex polygon method. We measured the urban surfaces (roads, buildings, any other paved area, soccer fields, lawns, and gardens with short grass) within territories.ResultsGround-sparrow territories were larger at the highly urbanized site than at the non-urbanized site. Wren territories were larger at the low urbanized site than at the highly urbanized site. We found a positive relationship between urban surface and territory size for the ground-sparrow, but not for the wren.ConclusionsOur results showed that not all birds adjust territory size in the same way in response to urbanization. We showed that urban avoiders probably need to defend larger territories in urban environments to find all the resources required to survive because urban environments may provide insufficient resources such as food or shelter. Urban adapters on the other hand defend smaller territories in urban environments because even small territories may provide sufficient resources. These results suggest specific behavioral adaptations developed by Neotropical birds inhabiting urban environments.
Lack of association between three common genetic variations of XPC and susceptibility to age-related macular degeneration, a preliminary study
Authors: Kalteh Sharareh , Saadat Mostafa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Numerous association studies have indicated that genetic alterations in genes involved in DNA repair processes are associated with the risk of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). There is no published study on the relationship between common xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC, MIM 613208) polymorphisms and susceptibility to ARMD. The aim of this study is to determine whether three common (Ala499Val, Lys939Gln, and PAT) genetic variants of XPC are associated with the risk of developing ARMD. A total of 120 ARMD patients and 118 healthy controls were included in the study. Genotyping analyses were carried out by PCR-based methods.

Results
Our analysis revealed that there was no relationship between the XPC polymorphisms and susceptibility to ARMD. In both case and control groups, strong linkage disequilibrium existed between three common (Ala499Val, Lys939Gln, and PAT) genetic polymorphisms of XPC. Statistical analysis showed no association between the haplotypes and the risk of ARMD.

Conclusions
The present data indicated that the common polymorphisms of XPC are not susceptible genetic variations for ARMD.
Can the Adoption of Hypofractionation Guidelines Expand Global Radiotherapy Access? An Analysis for Breast and Prostate Radiotherapy
Authors: Irabor Omoruyi Credit , Swanson William , Shaukat Fiza , Wirtz Johanna , Mallum Abba Aji , Ngoma Twalib , Elzawawy Ahmed , Nguyen Paul , Incrocci Luca , Ngwa Wilfred 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE The limited radiotherapy resources for global cancer control have resulted in increased interest in developing time- and cost-saving innovations to expand access to those resources. Hypofractionated regimens could minimize cost and increase access for limited-resource countries. In this investigation, we estimated the percentage cost-savings per radiotherapy course and increased radiotherapy access in African countries after adopting hypofractionation for breast and prostate radiotherapy. For perspective, results were compared with high-income countries. METHODS The cost and course of breast and prostate radiotherapy for conventional and hypofractionated regimens in low-resource facilities were calculated using the Radiotherapy Cost Estimator tool developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and then compared with another activity-based costing model. The potential maximum cost savings in each country over 7 years for breast and prostate radiotherapy were then estimated using cancer incidence data from the Global Cancer Observatory database with use rates applied. The increase in radiotherapy access was estimated by current national capacities from the IAEA directory. RESULTS The estimated cost per course of conventional and hypofractionated regimens were US$2,232 and $1,339 for breast treatment, and $3,389 and $1,699 for prostate treatment, respectively. The projected potential maximum cost savings with full hypofractionation implementation were $1.1 billion and $606 million for breast and prostate treatment, respectively. The projected increase of radiotherapy access due to implementing hypofractionation varied between +0.3% to 25% and +0.4% to 36.0% for breast and prostate treatments, respectively. CONCLUSION This investigation demonstrates that adopting hypofractionated regimens as standard treatment of breast and prostate cancers can result in substantial savings and increase radiotherapy access in developing countries. Given reduced delivery cost and treatment times, we anticipate a substantial increase in radiotherapy access with additional innovations that will allow progressive hypofractionation without compromising quality.
Real-world Independent Testing of e-ASPECTS Software (RITeS): statistical analysis plan
Authors: Mair Grant , Chappell Francesca , Martin Chloe , Dye David , Bath Philip M. , Muir Keith W. , von Kummer Rüdiger , Al-Shahi  Salman Rustam , Sandercock Peter A. G. , Macleod Malcolm , Sprigg Nikola , White Philip , Wardlaw Joanna M. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Artificial intelligence-based software may automatically detect ischaemic stroke lesions and provide an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) on CT, and identify arterial occlusion and provide a collateral score on CTA. Large-scale independent testing will inform clinical use, but is lacking. We aim to test e-ASPECTS and e-CTA (Brainomix, Oxford UK) using CT scans obtained from a range of clinical studies. Methods: Using prospectively collected baseline CT and CTA scans from 10 national/international clinical stroke trials or registries (total >6600 patients), we will select a large clinically representative sample for testing e-ASPECTS and e-CTA compared to previously acquired independent expert human interpretation (reference standard). Our primary aims are to test agreement between software-derived and masked human expert ASPECTS, and the diagnostic accuracy of e-ASPECTS for identifying all causes of stroke symptoms using follow-up imaging and final clinical opinion as diagnostic ground truth. Our secondary aims are to test when and why e-ASPECTS is more or less accurate, or succeeds/fails to produce results, agreement between e-CTA and human expert CTA interpretation, and repeatability of e-ASPECTS/e-CTA results. All testing will be conducted on an intention-to-analyse basis. We will assess agreement between software and expert-human ratings and test the diagnostic accuracy of software. Conclusions: RITeS will provide comprehensive, robust and representative testing of e-ASPECTS and e-CTA against the current gold-standard, expert-human interpretation.
Characterisation of baseline microbiological and host factors in an inception cohort of people with surgical wounds healing by secondary intention reveals circulating IL-6 levels as a potential predictive biomarker of healing
Authors: Buckley Hannah , Dumville Jo , Hodgkinson Michael , Wearmouth Debbie , Barlow Gavin , van der Woude Marjan , Cullum Nicky , Chetter Ian , Lagos Dimitris 
Published: April 2020

Background: More than 2 million people per year are treated for surgical wounds in the UK. Over a quarter of these wounds are estimated to heal by secondary intention (from the “bottom up”) resulting in further complications and requiring increased healthcare resources. Identification of microbiological or host biomarkers that can predict healing outcomes may help to optimize the management of surgical wounds healing by secondary intention. However, the microbial and host factor heterogeneity amongst this diverse population is completely unexplored. Methods: We demonstrate feasibility of determining presence and levels of wound microbes and systemic host factors in an inception cohort of 54 people presenting with surgical wounds healing by secondary intention, who were subsequently followed-up for a period of 12-21 months. We present descriptive statistics for plasma levels of inflammatory, angiogenic cytokines and microRNAs, and we identify a range of wound colonizing microbes. We tentatively explore association with healing aiming to generate hypotheses for future research. Results: We report a potential correlation between poor healing outcomes and elevated interleukin (IL)-6 plasma levels at presentation (ρ=0.13) which requires confirmation. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the degree of biological heterogeneity amongst people with surgical wounds healing by secondary intention and proves the feasibility of embedding a biomarker discovery study in a cohort study in surgical wounds. Our results are essential for designing large biomarker discovery studies to further investigate the potential validity of circulating IL-6 or other factors as novel predictive biomarkers of healing for surgical wounds healing by secondary intention.
A systematic review of burnout and its relation to work-life balance and scheduling among United States physicians
Authors: McGrade Patrick , Reinhart Evan , Reely Kelsey , Dowdy Kristen , Seth Nikhil , Jones Clinton , Horan M. Jensen , Provenzano Noelle , Ramirez Patrick , Hammonds Kendall , Khan Shamyal 
Published: April 2020

Physician burnout has increasingly been recognized as a multifactorial issue leading to detrimental outcomes for both the physician and patients being treated. Burnout is defined as “a pathological syndrome in which emotional depletion and maladaptive detachment develop in response to prolonged occupational stress”. It has been proven that poor work-life balance (WBL), a state in which personal and professional life are in a state of imbalance, is connected to burnout. Upwards of 61% of all U.S. physicians are dissatisfied with their WBL. Burnout rates among physicians are correlated with frequency of work-home conflicts leading to greater dissatisfaction of their WLB. With the prevalence of burnout among US physicians ranging between 34-76%, addressing modifiable causes such as optimizing WLB should be a priority for administrators. In this systematic review, we explore the importance of creating schedules that prioritize protecting physicians’ WLB as a means to decrease burnout and the associated sequelae including medical errors, alcohol abuse, and depression. After identifying 202 studies through PubMed; data from 21 articles published between 2011-2017 were analyzed. We found that schedules that emphasize the following were protective of physician WBL: <70-hour work week goals, a maximum of one on-call night per five consecutive days, providing physicians with schedule information one month in advance, limiting the consecutive work days to five and providing vacation time. As the importance of mental health, and wellness within the health care setting are being regarded as a cause of concern, it is apparent that positive changes need to be made.
Tunable terahertz hyperbolic metamaterial slabs and super-resolving hyperlenses
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jiao Zhiyong , Mcleod Euan 
Published: April 2020

Terahertz (THz) optics offer the potential to image through objects that are opaque for visible wavelengths and provide unique spectroscopic signatures for a variety of materials and quantum processes. However, the resolution of THz images suffers from the long wavelength of THz light compared to visible. Hyperbolic metamaterials provide a possible solution through the creation of super-resolving lenses and offer greater flexibility in effective refractive index than can be provided by natural materials. Most hyperbolic metamaterials function in a narrow bandwidth due to their resonant nature. In search of a broadband material, we simulate a temperature-tunable hyperbolic metamaterial composed of a multilayer stack of alternating layers of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and indium antimonide (InSb). At a single temperature, negative effective medium permittivity is found over a small bandwidth of 0.09 THz, but by tuning over a 40°C temperature range the bandwidth is increased dramatically to 1.0 THz. Furthermore, we compute the transmission and negative refraction through the multilayer stack and simulate the imaging properties of curved hyperlens stacks using slits as test objects, achieving resolutions as small as 20 µm at 130 µm wavelength, far below the half-wavelength diffraction limit.
Design and fabrication of an off-axis four-mirror system for head-up displays
Authors: Gu Luo , Cheng Dewen , Liu Yue , Ni Junhao , Yang Tong , Wang Yongtian 
Published: April 2020

Head-up displays (HUDs), as one kind of the augmented reality (AR) applications, enable users to enhance the situational awareness. In this paper, we propose a design of a HUD employing the freeform off-axis four-mirror construction, in which the eyebox and eye relief as large as

120

m
m

×

80

m
m

and 400 mm, respectively, are derived. In the part of system design, the biocular parallax is evaluated and corrected. An optimization strategy in forward ray-tracing mode is presented to directly govern the biocular parallax, and the convergence, divergence, and dipvergence are finally constrained within 3.5 mrad, 1.5 mrad, and 2.0 mrad, respectively. An overall design procedure of a HUD, including initial configuration, structure constraints, optimization method, and parallax correction, is illustrated in detail. After analyzing the tolerance, a proof-of-concept prototype with the field of

24

∘

×

15

∘

is developed to demonstrate the image quality.
Nonlinear optical characteristics of ZrSe2 and its application for designing multi-wavelength mode-locked operations
Authors: Zhao Rui , Li Dengwang , Wang Mengxiao , Zheng Yue , Xu Nannan , Liu Danhua 
Published: April 2020

In our work, a

Z
r
S
e

2

–polyvinyl alcohol film-type saturable
absorber (SA) with a modulation depth of 4.99% and a saturable
intensity of

12.42

M
W

/

c
m

2

was successfully prepared and
employed in mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser. The fiber laser can
generate stable multi-wavelength mode-locked operations with a
threshold power of 224 mW and a maximum average output power of
3.272 mW at the repetition rate of 3.38 MHz for the first time, to the
best of our knowledge. Our experimental results fully prove that

Z
r
S
e

2

nanosheets were efficient SA
candidates for demonstrating multi-wavelength mode-locked operation
fiber lasers due to their tunable absorption peak and excellent
saturable absorption properties.
Quantitative objective-based ring TIRFM system calibration through back focal plane imaging
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Yuan Yifan , Zhang Chengfeng , Han Yubing , Zhang Zhimin , Xu Liang , Hao Xiang , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu 
Published: April 2020

Being the established imaging tool for cell membrane-associated studies, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) still has some limitations. The most important one is the inhomogeneous evanescent excitation field mainly caused by the large-angle and fixed-azimuth illumination scheme, which can be eliminated by using ring-shaped illumination (ring TIRFM). However, it is challenging in assembling a ring TIRFM system with precise parameter control that works well. Here we emphasize the quantification of the ring TIRFM system and introduce a robust calibration routine to simultaneously rectify the asymmetry of the spinning light beam and determine the crucial experimental parameter, i.e., the incident angle. The calibration routine requires no specific sample preparation and is entirely based on the automatic back focal plane manipulation, avoiding possible errors caused by the sample difference and manual measurement. Its effectiveness is experimentally demonstrated by both the qualitative and quantitative comparisons of the images acquired using different samples, illumination schemes, and calibration approaches. These characteristics should enable our approach to greatly improve the practicability of TIRFM in life sciences.
Two-dimensional MXene-based materials for photothermal therapy
Authors: Huang Zhongming , Cui Xiao , Li Shengliang , Wei Jinchao , Li Peng , Wang Yitao , Lee Chun-Sing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
MXenes, a new family of two-dimensional materials, are also known as transition metal carbides and nitride, with a general formula of M
n

+1X
n
T
x
(n = 1–3). Their inherent metallic conductivity and hydrophilic nature endow MXenes with fascinating physicochemical properties (optical, electronic, magnetic, light-to-heat conversion. etc.). The ultrathin layer structure and photothermal property attract many interests in biomedical applications, especially as phototherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of MXenes in the field of photothermal therapy and highlight the crucial biotic index for their preparation and evaluation. First, we introduce the main strategies for the preparation and surface modifications of biologically applied MXenes. Then, representative cases in the field of MXene-based photothermal application, such as photothermal therapy, synergistic therapy, and targeting treatments, are reviewed. Finally, the cytotoxicity and in vivo long-term biosafety are introduced. We also propose the underlying challenges and perspectives for MXene applications in terms of photothermal therapy.
Layered iron pyrite for ultrafast photonics application
Authors: Zhang Dan , Zhang Chenxi , Li Xiaohui , Qyyum Abdul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide materials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their excellent electro-optical properties. FeS2, the ideal composition of iron pyrite, is a 2D transition metal dichalcogenide which has been potentially used in the electronic, optical, and chemical fields. On the other hand, the narrow band gap of FeS2 (≈0.96 eV) makes it very suitable and promising for the ultrafast application in near-infrared regimes. However, the potential application of FeS2 in laser technology has not been explored till now. Ultrashort pulse lasers have great applications in industry and science because of its stability, ease of operation, and portability. Passively mode-locked fiber lasers using 2D materials (such as MoS2, CuS2, and WS2) as saturable absorber are intensively investigated. Here, layered FeS2 has been characterized systematically. It is successfully applied in ultrafast photonics and plays a key component in the passively mode-locked laser for the first time. The single pulse can be obtained with 1.7-ps pulse duration, 1.89-nm spectral width, and fundamental repetition of 6.4 MHz at 1563 nm central wavelength. Through controlling the pump power, the evolution of the pulse train can be observed, which can be transformed from single pulse to bound states. Also, the harmonic mode-locked fiber laser is observed with the pump power high enough.