bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
30 Jahre transjugulärer intrahepatischer portosystemischer Shunt (TIPS) – Rückblick und Perspektive
Authors: Schultheiß Michael , Bettinger Dominik , Thimme Robert , Rössle Martin 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDer transjuguläre intrahepatische portosystemische Shunt (TIPS) wird seit 30 Jahren in der Therapie der portalen Hypertonie erfolgreich eingesetzt. In nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien ist die Indikation zur TIPS-Anlage bei Varizenblutung und refraktärem Aszites wissenschaftlich gut belegt und klar definiert. Bei seltenen Indikationen wie dem hepatorenalen Syndrom, der Pfortaderthrombose oder dem neoadjuvanten Einsatz fehlt derzeit noch eine eindeutige Studienlage. Eine wichtige Kontraindikation und klinisch bedeutendste Komplikation nach TIPS ist die hepatische Enzephalopathie (HE). Es wird versucht, die Post-TIPS HE mit technischen Weiterentwicklungen der Stents zu reduzieren.
Lebenszeitkosten der Hörgeräteversorgung in Deutschland
Authors: Thum Christin , Langenfeld Ronja , Flessa Steffen 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Hörgeräteversorgung stellt die Standardtherapie zur Behandlung von Schwerhörigkeit dar, die von der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) getragen wird. Bei chronischem Verlauf entstehen dabei Kosten bis zum Lebensende des Patienten. Die vorliegende Analyse untersucht die durchschnittlichen Lebenszeitkosten der Hörgeräteversorgung erwachsener Patienten in Abhängigkeit des Erstversorgungsalters und stellt diese sowohl aus Perspektive der GKV als auch aus Sicht des Versicherten dar.
Methoden Als Basisfall wird die Versorgung mit aufzahlungsfreien Hörgeräten betrachtet. Zunächst werden anhand eines Behandlungspfades die über die Lebenszeit anfallenden Kostenkomponenten identifiziert. Anschließend werden die barwertigen Lebenszeitkosten der monauralen sowie binauralen Hörgeräteversorgung berechnet.
Ergebnisse Die binaurale (monaurale) Hörgeräteversorgung eines Erwachsenen (Erstversorgung zwischen 18 und 88 Jahren) verursacht durchschnittliche, barwertige Lebenszeitkosten von 4518 € (2536 €) aus Perspektive der GKV. Für den Versicherten fallen durchschnittlich 4610 € (3672 €) Gesamtkosten an. Für jedes einzelne Erstversorgungsalter ergeben sich spezifische Lebenszeitkosten. Grundsätzlich sinken die Lebenszeitkosten mit steigendem Erstversorgungsalter des Patienten.
Schlussfolgerungen Patienten tragen einen wesentlichen Anteil der Versorgungskosten. Werden statt kassenfinanzierten Hörgeräten High-End-Geräte gewählt, steigen die patientenseitigen Gesamtkosten und betragen bei binauraler Versorgung durchschnittlich 7953 €. Aufgrund stetig fortschreitender technischer Entwicklung von Hörsystemen ist von steigenden Kosten der Hörgeräteversorgung auszugehen.
Causal inference in genetic trio studies
Authors: Bates Stephen , Sesia Matteo , Sabatti Chiara , Candès Emmanuel 
Published: September 2020

Significance
The goal of genome-wide association studies is to identify meaningful relationships between genotypes and outcomes of interest. One challenge in the analysis of genetic data is that not all true statistical associations represent relevant biological activity; irrelevant but true associations can arise from the confounding effect of environmental conditions or other factors. We propose a method to analyze such data that is immune to this problem because it uses the variation in inheritance as a randomized experiment. The method can leverage any machine-learning algorithm as well as findings from other studies.
Transcription factor expression defines subclasses of developing projection neurons highly similar to single-cell RNA-seq subtypes
Authors: Heavner Whitney E. , Ji Shaoyi , Notwell James H. , Dyer Ethan S. , Tseng Alex M. , Birgmeier Johannes , Yoo Boyoung , Bejerano Gill , McConnell Susan K. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Neurons of the cerebral cortex arise from a common progenitor pool that progressively generates different cell subtypes with distinct features, including deep layer (DL) and upper layer (UL) projection neurons. Several transcription factors (TFs) are known to specify whether a progenitor cell will become UL or DL; however, it is still unknown which upstream and downstream factors contribute to this fate decision. Here, we deeply characterize differential gene expression and chromatin accessibility of UL and DL neurons. We identify TFs that are highly differentially expressed and densely regulated and find that UL neurons retain the transcriptomic signature of their mother cells. We also discover a previously unknown role for the TF Myt1l in cell fate specification.
Systemic complement activation is associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19 hospitalized patients
Authors: Holter Jan C. , Pischke Soeren E. , de Boer Eline , Lind Andreas , Jenum Synne , Holten Aleksander R. , Tonby Kristian , Barratt-Due Andreas , Sokolova Marina , Schjalm Camilla , Chaban Viktoriia , Kolderup Anette , Tran Trung , Tollefsrud Gjølberg Torleif , Skeie Linda G. , Hesstvedt Liv , Ormåsen Vidar , Fevang Børre , Austad Cathrine , Müller Karl Erik , Fladeby Cathrine , Holberg-Petersen Mona , Halvorsen Bente , Müller Fredrik , Aukrust Pål , Dudman Susanne , Ueland Thor , Andersen Jan Terje , Lund-Johansen Fridtjof , Heggelund Lars , Dyrhol-Riise Anne M. , Mollnes Tom E. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
The new SARS-CoV-2 pandemic leads to COVID-19 with respiratory failure, substantial morbidity, and significant mortality. Overactivation of the innate immune response is postulated to trigger this detrimental process. The complement system is a key player in innate immunity. Despite a few reports of local complement activation, there is a lack of evidence that the degree of systemic complement activation occurs early in COVID-19 patients, and whether this is associated with respiratory failure. This study shows that a number of complement activation products are systemically, consistently, and long-lastingly increased from admission and during the hospital stay. Notably, the terminal sC5b-9 complement complex was associated with respiratory failure. Thus, complement inhibition is an attractive therapeutic approach for treatment of COVD-19.
Future markers in Western Romance
Authors: Detges Ulrich 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, which examines the cyclic evolution of future markers in Western Romance (mainly French and Spanish), I make use of the “satellite model” in the version proposed byKoch and Oesterreicher (1996)to capture the complex interplay between functional change, synchronic variation and sociolinguistic evolution. This model conceives of linguistic cycles as push-chains. Thus, I will argue, young future markers originally arise from argumentative patterns that are aimed at validating announcements concerning the speaker’s projected actions. The rationale behind these mechanisms is pragmatic efficiency rather than the functioning of the language system itself. Thus, linguistic systems usually contain more items than are technically needed to keep the language system operative. In the categories of the satellite model, a certain number of younger constructions (“satellites”) exist side-by-side with a canonical construction (i.e., a functionally and sociolinguistically unmarked item), which one of the former may eventually oust from its privileged position. As I will show by sketching the evolution of the numerous future markers of peninsular Spanish from the seventeenth to the twentieth century, this perspective allows a fresh look at the evolution of cycles. More often than not, the competition between the canonical form and its satellites does not cause the former’s replacement by the latter; rather, it normally ends with the obsolescence of one the satellites involved. The eventual replacement of the canonical form by a satellite – that is, the completion of a full cycle – represents a very special (and relatively rare) case.
An approach to study electron and positron scattering from NH3 and PH3 using the analytic static potential
Authors: Mahato Dibyendu , Sharma Lalita , Srivastava Rajesh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A detailed study of the elastic scattering of electrons and positrons from two C3v symmetrical molecules viz ammonia and phosphine molecules is presented. The partial wave phase shift analysis method with complex optical potential consisting of static, exchange, polarization and an imaginary absorption potentials has been used. In contrast to the previously used similar approaches, the present method is quite different in the sense that we have obtained the required static potential in an analytical form using correctly represented Gaussian molecular wave functions for NH3 and PH3 in our calculations. The differential, integrated, momentum transfer, absorption and total cross sections are calculated and reported in the incident electron and positron energy range of 10–500 eV. In order to test the applicability of our approach, the present results are compared with the available previous measurements and theoretical calculations and a good agreement is found.
High performance Li-ion capacitor fabricated with dual graphene-based materials
Authors: Sui Dong , Wu Manman , Liu Yiyang , Yang Yanliang , Zhang Hongtao , Ma Yanfeng , Zhang Long , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are now drawing increasing attention because of their potential to overcome the current energy limitations of supercapacitors and power limitations of lithium-ion batteries. In this work, we designed LICs by combining an electric double-layer capacitor cathode and a lithium-ion battery anode. Both the cathode and anode are derived from graphene-modified phenolic resin with tunable porosity and microstructure. They exhibit high specific capacity, superior rate capability and good cycling stability. Benefiting from the graphene-enhanced electrode materials, the all graphene-based LICs demonstrate a high working voltage (4.2 V), high energy density of 142.9 Wh kg−1, maximum power density of 12.1 kW kg−1 with energy density of 50 Wh kg−1, and long stable cycling performance (with ∼88% capacity retention after 5000 cycles). Considering the high performance of the device, the cost-effective and facile preparation process of the active materials, this all graphene-based lithium-ion capacitor could have many promising applications in energy storage systems.
An information theory model for optimizing quantitative magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions
Authors: Mitchell Drew P , Hwang Ken-Pin , Bankson James A , Jason Stafford R , Banerjee Suchandrima , Takei Naoyuki , Fuentes David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Acquisition parameter selection is currently performed empirically for many quantitative MRI (qMRI) acquisitions. Tuning parameters for different scan times, tissues, and resolutions requires some amount of trial and error. There is an opportunity to quantitatively optimize these acquisition parameters in order to minimize variability of quantitative maps and post-processing techniques such as synthetic image generation. The objective of this work is to introduce and evaluate a quantitative method for selecting parameters that minimize image variability. An information theory framework was developed for this purpose and applied to a 3D-quantification using an interleaved Look-Locker acquisition sequence with T2 preparation pulse (3D-QALAS) signal model for qMRI. In this framework, mutual information is used to measure the information gained by a measurement as a function of acquisition parameters, quantifying the information content of potential acquisitions and allowing informed parameter selection. The information theory framework was tested on artificial data generated from a representative mathematical phantom, measurements acquired on a qMRI multiparametric imaging standard phantom, and in vivo measurements in a human brain. The phantom measurements showed that higher mutual information calculated by the model correlated with smaller coefficient of variation in the reconstructed parametric maps, and in vivo measurements demonstrated that information-based calibration of acquisition parameters resulted in a decrease in parametric map variability consistent with model predictions.
Improved negative bias stability of sol–gel processed Ti-doped SnO2 thin-film transistors
Authors: Lee Won-Yong , Lee Hyunjae , Ha Seunghyun , Lee Changmin , Bae Jin-Hyuk , Kang In-Man , Jang Jaewon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sol–gel-processed Ti-doped SnO2 thin-film transistors (TFTs) were successfully fabricated for the first time, and the effects of the concentration of the Ti dopant on their structural, chemical, and optical properties were investigated. The introduced Ti dopant showed potential as a promising oxygen vacancy suppressor. Additionally, the results showed that the 0.1 wt% Ti-doped SnO2 TFT had a field-effect mobility of 10.21 cm2 V−1 s−1, a subthreshold swing of 0.87, and an I
on/I
off value of ∼1 × 108, as well as good negative bias stress characteristics. The success of the Ti doping could be attributed to its small ionic size, high Lewis acid strength, and strong bonding strength. Therefore, the introduced sol–gel-processed Ti-doped SnO2 TFTs stand as promising candidates with potential for application in transparent displays as well as larger area electronics applications.
Fire-catalyzed vegetation shifts in ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir forests of the western United States
Authors: Davis Kimberley T , Higuera Philip E , Dobrowski Solomon Z , Parks Sean A , Abatzoglou John T , Rother Monica T , Veblen Thomas T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Increased wildfire activity combined with warm and dry post-fire conditions may undermine the mechanisms maintaining forest resilience to wildfires, potentially causing ecosystem transitions, or fire-catalyzed vegetation shifts. Stand-replacing fire is especially likely to catalyze vegetation shifts expected from climate change, by killing mature trees that are less sensitive to climate than juveniles. To understand the vulnerability of forests to fire-catalyzed vegetation shifts it is critical to identify both where fires will burn with stand-replacing severity and where climate conditions limit seedling recruitment. We used an extensive dendrochronological dataset to model the influence of seasonal climate on post-fire recruitment probability for ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir. We applied this model to project annual recruitment probability in the US intermountain west under contemporary and future climate conditions, which we compared to modeled probability of stand-replacing fire. We categorized areas as ‘vulnerable to fire-catalyzed vegetation shifts,’ if they were likely to burn at stand-replacing severity, if a fire were to occur, and had post-fire climate conditions unsuitable for tree recruitment. Climate suitability for recruitment declined over time in all ecoregions: 21% and 15% of the range of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir, respectively, had climate conditions unsuitable for recruitment in the 1980s, whereas these values increased to 61% (ponderosa pine) and 34% (Douglas-fir) for the future climate scenario. Less area was vulnerable to fire-catalyzed vegetation shifts, but these values also increased over time, from 6% and 4% of the range of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir in the 1980s, to 16% (ponderosa pine) and 10% (Douglas-fir) under the future climate scenario. Southern ecoregions had considerably higher vulnerability to fire-catalyzed vegetation shifts than northern ecoregions. Overall, our results suggest that the combination of climate warming and an increase in wildfire activity may substantially impact species distributions through fire-catalyzed vegetation shifts.
Hidden singularities in 3D vector fields
Authors: Pang Xiaoyan , Feng Chen , Nyamdorj Bujinlkham , Zhao Xinying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article we show that in a three dimensional (3D) optical vector field there exist two types of hidden singularities, one is spin density (SD) phase singularity and the other is SD vector singularity, which are both unique to 3D fields. The nature of these SD singularities is discussed and their connection with traditional optical singularities is also examined. Especially it is shown that in a 3D field with purely transverse SD (‘photonic wheels’), these two types of singularities exhibit very interesting behaviors: they are exactly mapped to each other regardless of their different physical meanings and different topological structures. Our work supplies a fundamental theory for the SD singularities and will provide a new way for further exploration of 3D vector fields.
Investigations on probability of defect detection using differential filtering for pulse compression favourable frequency modulated thermal wave imaging for inspection of glass fibre reinforced polymers
Authors: Kher Vansha , Mulaveesala Ravibabu , Rani Anju , Arora Vanita 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Thermal Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation (TNDT&E) plays a crucial role in industrial quality control and structural health monitoring of a variety of materials. Among various TNDT&E modalities, active Infrared Thermography (IRT) has emerged as an extremely promising approach and has gained enormous significance due to its quick, whole field, non-contact and quantitative defect detection capabilities. Pulse Compression favourable Thermal Wave Imaging (PCTWI) especially Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging (FMTWI) has become popular among a number of active IRT techniques because of increment in defect detection sensitivity as well as test resolution. The present work attempts to explore the applicability of differential filtering post processing scheme for pulse compression favourable FMTWI for enhanced detection contrast, resolution and Probability of Detection (PoD). The proposed scheme has been applied on a Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) sample with sub-surface flat bottom hole (FBH) defects located inside the sample at different depths. The results presented clearly demonstrate that the differential contrast approach enhances the defect detection probabilities by considering maximum and minimum deviation dip values as a figure of merit. Hence, pulse compression favourable FMTWI employing differential filtering manifests higher Probability of Detection (PoD) for defects located at different depths as compared to taking into account the peak Correlation Coefficient (CC) as a statistical figure of merit. Further Probability of Detection (PoD) of the pulse compression favourable FMTWI technique has been improved by differential filtering post-processing based scheme that reduces the memory requirement, computational cost as well as complexity.
Predicting Neuropsychological Impairment in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Clinical Measures, Treatment, and Neuropsychiatry Symptoms
Authors: Lozano-Soto Elena , Cruz-Gómez Álvaro Javier , Gutiérrez Rafael , González Macarena , Sanmartino Florencia , Rashid-Lopez Raúl , Espinosa-Rosso Raúl , Forero Lucía , González-Rosa Javier J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
This retrospective observational study aimed to define neuropsychological impairment (NI) profiles and determine the influence of clinical, demographic, and neuropsychiatric measures in specific cognitive domains in a cohort of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients.

Methods
Ninety-one RRMS patients underwent a neurological examination and a brief neuropsychological assessment. Patients were classified according to the disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) received (platform or high-efficacy). Differences between groups and multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the predictive value of the assessed measures in cognitive performance.

Results
More than two-thirds of the patients showed NI. Specifically, mild to moderate NI was presented in approximately half of the participants. Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT-3) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were the most frequently impaired cognitive tests (45.3% and 41.3%, respectively) followed by phonemic verbal fluency (PVF) (27.8%). Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), age, depressive symptoms, and disease duration were the best predictors of SDMT (R2 = .34; p &lt; .01), whereas disease duration, EDSS, and anxiety-state levels predicted PASAT-3 (R2 = .33, p &lt; .01). Educational level, age, EDSS, and depressive symptoms demonstrated the strongest association with PVF (R2 = .31, p &lt; .01).

Conclusions
Our results indicated a significant prevalence of NI in RRMS patients that was not dependent on the DMT type. In addition to the meaningful working memory (PASAT-3) and information processing speed (SDMT) impairments found, PVF deficits may also be an important marker of cognitive impairment in RRMS patients. This study supports the relevance of standard clinical measures and reinforces the importance of quantifying clinical and neuropsychiatric symptoms to predict subsequent cognitive performance on a similar multiple sclerosis phenotype and disease stage.
Negative Binomial mixed models estimated with the maximum likelihood method can be used for longitudinal RNAseq data
Authors: Tsonaka Roula , Spitali Pietro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTime-course RNAseq experiments, where tissues are repeatedly collected from the same subjects, e.g. humans or animals over time or under several different experimental conditions, are becoming more popular due to the reducing sequencing costs. Such designs offer the great potential to identify genes that change over time or progress differently in time across experimental groups. Modelling of the longitudinal gene expression in such time-course RNAseq data is complicated by the serial correlations, missing values due to subject dropout or sequencing errors, long follow up with potentially non-linear progression in time and low number of subjects. Negative Binomial mixed models can address all these issues. However, such models under the maximum likelihood (ML) approach are less popular for RNAseq data due to convergence issues (see, e.g. [1]). We argue in this paper that it is the use of an inaccurate numerical integration method in combination with the typically small sample sizes which causes such mixed models to fail for a great portion of tested genes. We show that when we use the accurate adaptive Gaussian quadrature approach to approximate the integrals over the random-effects terms, we can successfully estimate the model parameters with the maximum likelihood method. Moreover, we show that the boostrap method can be used to preserve the type I error rate in small sample settings. We evaluate empirically the small sample properties of the test statistics and compare with state-of-the-art approaches. The method is applied on a longitudinal mice experiment to study the dynamics in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Contact:s.tsonaka@lumc.nlRoula Tsonaka is an assistant professor at the Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center. Her research focuses on statistical methods for longitudinal omics data. Pietro Spitali is an assistant professor at the Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center. His research focuses on the identification of biomarkers for neuromuscular disorders.