bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic hypothermia mitigates the sepsis-increased permeability in EA. hy926 cells by preserving Rap1 expression
Authors: Ding Wu , Yuehong Shen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background: To determine the effect and potential mechanisms of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on the permeability of septic cells.Main methods: Human EA. hy926 cells were transfected with, or without, control or Rap1-specific siRNA and treated with 2 µg/ml of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by cultured in normal temperature (NT) or a temporary therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for 10 h. The cellular permeability of each group of cells was determined by transwell permeability assay and the relative levels of ras-proximate-1 (Rap1), RhoA (a small GTP enzyme of the Rho family), Ve-cadherin expression and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation were quantified by western blot and immunofluorescent assays.Results: Compared with the control group, LPS stimulation increased cellular permeability, which was enhanced by Rap1 silencing in EA. hy926 cells under a NT condition, but significantly mitigated by TH. Furthermore, LPS up-regulated RhoA expression and MLC phosphorylation, but reduced Rap1 and Ve-cadherin expression, which were also enhanced by Rap1 silencing, but significantly mitigated by TH. Immunofluorescent analyses indicated that LPS significantly increased phosphorylated MLC, but decreased Ve-cadherin expression, which were deteriorated by Rap1 silencing, but significantly mitigated by TH in EA. hy926 cells.Conclusions: TH significantly mitigated the sepsis-increased permeability of EA. hy926 cells by enhancing the Rap1 expression to attenuate the RhoA/MLC signaling.
A Study on the Mechanism of Milkvetch Root in the treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Piao Chunli , Zhang Qi , Jin De , Wang Li , Tang Cheng , Zhang Naiwen , Lian Fengmei , Tong Xiaolin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. Milkvetch Root has been extensively used to treat DN in clinical practice in China for many years, but the active ingredients, drug targets, and its exact molecular mechanism are not known. The aim of this study was to decrypt the underlying mechanisms of Milkvetch Root in the treatment of DN by using a systems pharmacology approach. Methods: The components and targets of Milkvetch Root were analyzed using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. Then we found the common target of Milkvetch Root and disease, constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using String, and screened the key targets from these common targets through topological analysis. Analyses of enrichment of Gene Ontology (GO) pathways and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Subsequently, the major hubs were imported to the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery to perform a pathway enrichment analysis. Results: There were 20 active compounds of Milkvetch Root and 10 diabetic nephropathy -associated targets (AKT1, VEGFA, IL6, PPARG, CCL2, NOS3, SERPINE1, CRP, ICAM1, SLC2A4) that were obtained. Then, the results of GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses suggested that the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway in diabetic complications might serve as the key points and principal pathways for DN treatment. Conclusions: In brief, Milkvetch Root has multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pharmacological effects in the treatment of DN, which provides clues for further research on DN.
Effect of three therapeutic strategies for FIGO stage IB2/IIA2 cervical Cancer
Authors: zhang yong , Tang Xiaobi , Shen Meizhu , Ma Shanshan , Yuan Wenchao , Wang Rensheng , Wu Fang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and toxicities of three therapeutic strategies for patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer. Methods : 206 patients with stage IB2/IIA2 cervical cancer were selected in this retrospective study. The patients were classed into three groups according to the primary therapy: primary surgical treatment (PST), neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery (NAC+RS), and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). We observed the inter-group differences in patient characteristics, surgery approaches, postoperative rick factors, supplemental therapies and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and acute and late toxicities. Results: Less patients in NAC+RS group had deep cervical stromal invasion than those in PST group (p=0.024). No differences in lymph node metastasis, intravascular tumor embolus, vaginal margin and the need of postoperative supplement treatment were observed between PST and NAC+RS ( P =0.734, P =0.704, P =0.487 and P =0.714, respectively). With a median follow-up time of 57 months, the 3-year DFS and OS in PST, NAC+RS and CCRT were 85.6%, 79.2%, 85.7% and 87.5%, 84.9%, 85.7% ( P =0.424 and P =0.856, respectively). The most frequently observed acute toxicities were hematologic side effects. No significant inter-group differences in leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia were observed (all P >0.05). No patient experienced grade 3-4 hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxic. Late toxicity ≥grade 3 mainly consisted of lower extremity lymphedema (4/104, 3.8%), bowel obstruction (3/104, 2.9%) and thrombosis (1/104, 1.0%) in PST, lower extremity lymphedema (5/53, 9.4%) and bowel obstruction (1/53, 1.9%) in NAC+RS and radiation proctitis (4/49, 8.2%) and femoral head necrosis (1/49, 2.0%) in CCRT. No grade 5 toxicities were observed. There was no significant difference in cumulative late adverse effects rate in the three groups ( P =0.777). The patients in NAC+RS had increased hospitalization cost than that in PST ( P =0.000) and CCRT ( P =0.000) and prolonged hospitalization time than that in PST ( P =0.000) and same as that in CCRT ( P =0.07). Conclusion: Preoperative NAC decreased the incidence of deep cervical stromal invasion but had no effect on other high risk factors and the need of postoperative supplement treatment. No inter-group differences were demonstrated in 3-year DFS and OS and cumulative acute and late adverse effects. NAC+RS would need longer hospitalization time and cost more. Nevertheless, we believe it should be further explored in prospective trials.
Impact of Emigration on Health in Low Income Urban Zimbabwe
Authors: Chigariro Tafadzwa Carlington 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Emigration is a potential determinant of health at the place of origin. This study aimed to explore the impact of emigration on health by comparing access to health and healthcare among emigration exposed and non-exposed households in urban Zimbabwe.Methods: The study design was a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. A cross sectional survey was employed to collect concurrent and retrospective data from households in Hatcliff District in Harare, Zimbabwe. An Interviewer Administered Questionnaire (IAQ) was used for data collection. Standard questionnaires used in previous studies by IOM and WHO were used as reference points in the development of the study questionnaire.Results: The study respondents were de facto household heads. 268 (96%) household heads were successfully interviewed out of the computed target of 279. The study findings showed that emigration had a positive impact on household income (Pearson Chi-Square test of association [χ2 (4) = 12.3 (P < 0.05)]). Emigration was also associated with better access to health facilities ([χ2 (2) = 1.751 (P<0.05)]) and healthier nutrition. Emigration exposed household members were also more likely to maintain healthy lifestyle. Only 28% of households exposed to emigration reported a negative shift of healthy lifestyle compared to 72% of households not exposed to emigration.Conclusions: The study exposed emigration to be a significant determinant of health in urban places of origin. This effect seemed to be highly positive. Contrary to commonly reported negative consequences of emigration on health at the place of origin, mostly through brain drain, we conclude that there are significant positive effects for consideration when developing and implementing migration policies and programmes.
Effect of B4C addition on mechanical and electrical properties of Ca3Co4O9
Authors: Amaveda Hippolyte , Mora Mario , Dura Oscar J , Torres Miguel A , Madre Maria A , Marinel Sylvain , Sotelo A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
B4C added Ca3Co4O9 in different proportions (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 wt.%) have been fabricated using solid-state method. Powder XRD patterns have shown that only Ca3Co4O9 phase can be identified in all the samples. Microstructural observations have allowed determining that B4C compound has been superficially oxidized, producing liquid B2O3 phase during sintering, which has reacted with the Ca3Co4O9 grains to produce bridges between them. In spite of the increase of porosity, these bridges led to an important raise (more than two times) of mechanical properties. On the other hand, while B4C addition has not significantly influenced S values, it has decreased electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion. Consequently, ZT values have been also increased, reaching 0.24 in 0.25 wt.% B4C containing samples, which is very close to the best values reported in the literature for Ca3Co4O9 compounds, and two times higher than the obtained in pure materials in this work.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of health care workers towards Hepatitis B in Kabul, Afghanistan
Authors: Roien Rohullah , Mousavi Sayed Hamid , Delshad Mohammad Hossein , Pourhaji Fatemeh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Health care workers are at high risk of obtaining HBV infection due to direct interaction with HBV-infected blood and body fluids in their workplace.Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess KAP of Health care workers towards Hepatitis B infection in Kabul.Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted between November, 2018 and January; 2019 among 502 health care workers using simple random sampling method. The tool for data collection was a self-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 16.00.Results: The overall knowledge, attitude and practice score of HCWs were 86.58%, 34.73% and 61.22% respectively. Most of participants correctly identified HBV transmissions. Health care workers with higher education level, showed good knowledge than those with low educational level (p < 0.0001). The majority of the participants had a poor attitude towards HBV prevention (53.98%). only 77.45% of participants had been screened for HBV and 56.37% of participants had been vaccinated against HBV, only 5.17% had completed three doses of vaccine.Conclusion: The finding of our study shows that health care workers in Kabul, are at higher risk of acquiring HBV infection due to low vaccination coverage and poor preventive practice. We recommend that free and compulsory vaccination, awareness and encouraging programs should be provided for all health care workers in order to increase favorable attitude and effective preventive measures for HBV infections.
Binding site analysis of potential protease inhibitors of COVID-19 using AutoDock
Authors: MOTHAY DIPTI , RAMESH K.V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Recent outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 raised global health concerns. Re-purposing the available protease inhibitor drugs for immediate use in treatment in SARS‐CoV‐2 infections could improve the currently available clinical management. The current study, aims to predict theoretical structure for protease of COVID-19 and to explore further whether this protein can serve as a target for protease inhibitor drugs such as remdesivir, nelfinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir and α –ketoamide. While the 3D structure of protease was predicted using SWISS MODEL server, molecular interaction studies between protein and ligands were performed using AutoDock software. The predicted protease model was reasonably good based on reports generated by different validation servers. The study further revealed that all the protease inhibitor drugs got docked with negative dock energy onto the target protein. Molecular interaction studies showed that protease structure had multiple active site residues for remdesivir, while for remaining ligands the structure had only one active site residue each. From the output of multiple sequence alignment, it is evident that ligand binding sites were conserved. The current in-silico study thus, provides structural insights about the protease of COVID-19 and also its molecular interactions with some of the known protease inhibitors.
Risk Factors for In-hospital Progression of Ordinary COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Ying , Fan Xing , Zhao Yan , Zhou Fan , Zhao Linlin , Liu Jing , Liu Haichao , Zhou Chengrui , Tong Ling , Lv Zhenhua , Xiong Ying , Zhang Yong , Tan Yingjun , Yu Airong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of ordinary COVID-19 when admitted, to describe how these patients were treated and risk factors for in-hospital progression.Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 291 adult patients diagnosed as ordinary COVID-19 on admission who had been discharged or had died between Jan 20, 2020 and Mar 16, 2020 from General Hospital of Central Theatre Command (Wuhan, China).Results: Of the 291 patients diagnosed as ordinary COVID-19 when admitted, 65 (22.34%) had been recorded COVID-19 progressing at least once, and 226 (77.66%) had been recorded COVID-19 improving during hospitalization. The median time from admission to disease progressed was 5.0 days (2.0-7.0). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital progression associated with male (odds ratio 2.333, 95% CI 1.135-4.395; P=0.020), preexisting cardiovascular diseases (2.433, 1.044-5.671; P=0.039), and lymphopenia (3.482, 1.783-6.799; P<0.001), elevated IL-6 (2.669, 1.084-6.574; P=0.033), d-dimer (2.829, 1.420-5.636; P=0.003) and lactate dehydrogenase (2.855, 1.458-5.591; P= 0.002) on admission.Conclusions: The potential risk factors of male, preexisting cardiovascular disease, lymphopenia, elevated IL-6, and lactate dehydrogenase, d-dimer could help clinicians to identify in-hospital progression among ordinary COVID-19 at early stage to optimize medical treatment.
Algunas reflexiones y precisiones en torno a la temprana historiografía de la pintura rupestre en las Californias
Authors: Echenique March Felipe I. 
Published: April 2020

En los últimos años investigadores nacionales y extranjeros han enfocado su atenci6n bacía la llamada pintura rupestre. Con los resultados de sus trabajos han logrado despejar diversas inc6gnitas y mitos en torno a esta forma de expresión de los antiguos califomios.En este documento, sin pretender invadir el campo de la arqueología, se aportan algunas precisiones y reflexiones sobre las representaciones culturales pictóricas, pictográficas y petrográficas, desde un enfoque histórico. Para ello se recurre al análisis y critica de las fuentes escritas, en particular aquellas referentes a la temprana histografía de la pintura rupestre de los grupos indígenas californianos.
The question of prehistoric agriculture among the western Yumans
Authors: Laylander Don 
Published: April 2020

Agriculture fanned an important part of the subsistence system of the prehistoric: Yuman-speaking peoples who lived along or near the lower Colorado River. Some recent scholars have argued that the Yumans of nnorthwestern Baja California and southwestern California also practiced agriculture prehistorically. A critical review of the evidence fills to fails any substantial support for that conclusion.
Los Ñakipá: Grupo indígena extinto de Baja California
Authors: Magaña Mancillas Mario Alberto Gerardo 
Published: April 2020

Buscando ampliar el conocimiento sobre la historia de los grupos indígenas de Baja California, se presenta aquí un acercamiento a uno de ellos que ya no cuenta con representantes o sobrevivientes. En los lejanos años veinte de este siglo, las ultimas personas de los Ñakipá fueron reconocidas, y después el silencio llen6 su recuerdo. Los "que vivían donde se pone el sol" , son parte de la historia de este estado, y su rescat e es una forma de comprender mejor nuestro pasado. Con el propósito de reconstruir su recuerdo, en este breve ensayo se reúne la información básica sobre ellos y se esbozan algunas de sus características.
Niños trabajadores agrícolas en Baja California
Authors: Moreno Mena José A. 
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo bacer una descripci6n, a manera comparativa,de las caracteristicas generales de los niñios jomaleros agricolas que trabajan en los valles de Mexicali y San Quintin, Baja California. Para ello se toman como base los resultados de dos encuestas aplicadas en el periodo 1993-1994; La primera efectuada en el valle de Mexicali por ellnstituto de Investigaciones Sociales de Ia Universidad Autónoma de Baja California y el Programa Nacional de Solidaridad con Jornaleros Agricolas, y la segunda del mismo programa pero desarrollada en el valle de San Quintin. Se presentan algunos antecedentes sobre el trabajo infantil, su conceptuali­zaci6n, Ia magnitud y las explicaciones causales mas frecuentes.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Siracusano Martina , Riccioni Assia , Abate Roberta , Benvenuto Arianna , Curatolo Paolo , Mazzone Luigi 
Published: April 2020

:Vitamin D is a neurosteroid hormone crucially involved in neurodevelopment. Neural cell proliferation, neurotransmission, oxidative stress and immune function represent the main mechanisms mediated by vitamin D in the Central Nervous System. Therefore, its deficiency during pregnancy and early childhood may significantly impact on a developing brain, leading to possible adverse neuropsychological outcomes including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Significant vitamin D deficiency is described within children affected by ASD and in pregnant mothers whose offspring will later develop ASD, suggesting a possible role of the hormone as a contributing risk factor in the etiopathogenesis of ASD. We reviewed the actual literature on the potential contributing role of prenatal and early postnatal vitamin D deficiency in ASD etiopathogenesis, at both genetic and environmental levels, and the possible effect of vitamin D supplementation in autistic children. Conflicting but promising results emerged on the topic.:Further Randomized Controlled Trials studies carried out during pregnancy and early infancy are necessary for better understanding the possible contribution of vitamin D deficiency in the etiopathogenesis of autism and the potential efficacy of the hormone supplementation in the improvement of ASD core symptoms.
Impact of Liver Cancer Somatic Mutations on Protein Structures and Functions
Authors: Sethi Amna Amin , Shar Nisar Ahmed 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Cancers result due to dysregulation of gene expression. They can be identified on the basis of driver mutations and genetic signatures. Proteins are macromolecules that regulate the structure, and function of body organs. Missense somatic mutations play a critical role in the development of cancer by altering the underlying properties of corresponding proteins. The extent to which the chemical properties and composition of amino acid are changed in cancer is still under investigation.

Objective:
The main objective of this study is to identify amino acid changes that might be responsible for causing liver cancer. It also aims to identify frequently mutated genes associated with liver cancer.

Methods:
The mutation data of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in coding variants was retrieved from COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) databases. Different bioinformatics tools were used to study genetic alterations at the protein level. The identified amino acid replacements were compared with Grantham’s distance to determine similarity/ dissimilarity between substituted amino acids.

Results:
The results show that TP53, CTNNB1, MUC16, PCLO, and TTN genes were frequently
mutated in liver cancer. This study also reveals that the non-synonymous mutations, in analyzed dataset,
cause loss of Alanine.

Conclusion:
The amino acid replacements identified in this study may act as signatures for early diagnosis of liver cancer. They may also be helpful in understanding the development of liver cancer.
Simultaneous Analysis of Sexual Stimulants and Anabolic Steroids as Adulterants in Dietary Supplements by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection
Authors: Viana Carine , Marcon Gabriela Zanella , Dal Molin Thais Ramos , Bohrer Denise , do Nascimento Paulo Cícero , de Carvalho Leandro M. 
Published: April 2020

Background:The illegal virtual market for food supplements facilitates fraud and adulteration. Worldwide concern for consumer safety is growing on the part regulatory agencies, healthcare professionals and consumers.Objective:This work aimed to evaluate the presence of sexual stimulants and anabolic steroids commonly used in the adulteration of dietary supplements through the development of a high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method for the identification and quantification of these compounds.Method:The mobile phase composed of an ammonium acetate solution, acetonitrile and methanol leaded to the efficient separation of vardenafil, testosterone base, testosterone propionate, tadalafil, sildenafil and yohimbine.Results:The assay was linear (r2> 0.999), precise (RSD% <0.5), accurate (99.1 to 105.2%), and the limits of detection and quantification were less than 0.05 and 0.15 μg/mL, respectively. Four samples of dietary supplements contained testosterone (n=1), tadalafil (n=2) and yohimbine (n=1) as adulterants. The adulterants found were in subtherapeutic doses, probably to reduce possible adverse effects and the action expected to appear natural. Since about 80% of adverse drug reactions are dose dependent, unpredictable adverse drug reactions are dose independent and based on idiosyncratic or allergic mechanisms or intolerance.Conclusion:The developed method is convenient and easily applicable for adulteration detection of the analyzed drugs in the multicomponent supplements.