bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐decadal variation of autumn rain of west China and its relationship with atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies
Authors: Zhi Rong , Zhao Junhu , Zhou Jie , Chen Lijuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe inter‐decadal variation of autumn rain of west China (ARWC) and its relationship with atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) was analysed. The intensity of ARWC shows significant inter‐decadal variability. The year 1990 is one of the abrupt change points of ARWC in both the southern and northern zone, and the year 2000 is another one in the northern zone. The inter‐annual correlation between the intensity of ARWC in the northern (southern) zone and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation continuously weakens (strengthens) from 1961. The relationship between the intensity of ARWC in the northern zone and atmospheric circulation of September–October mean significantly weakens after 2000, so does the relationship with the SSTAs in the equatorial central Pacific. On the contrary, the relationship between the intensity of ARWC in the southern zone and atmospheric circulation of September–October mean significantly strengthens after 1990, so does the relationship with the east–west contrast pattern of SSTAs in the equatorial central–western Pacific. The positive phase of the east–west contrast pattern of SSTAs in the equatorial central–western Pacific (i.e., when the tropical central [western] Pacific is colder [warmer] than normal) gradually strengthening and maintaining from the preceding spring to September–October is favourable for a stronger western Pacific subtropical high, which further facilitates northwards transportation of water vapour and provides better dynamic conditions for ARWC in the southern zone by strengthening the local Hadley circulation.
Computer Modeling for Radiofrequency Bipolar Ablation Inside Ducts and Vessels: Relation Between Pullback Speed and Impedance Progress
Authors: Pérez Juan J. , Ewertowska Elżbieta , Berjano Enrique 
Published: March 2020

Background and ObjectivesRadiofrequency (RF)‐induced ablation can be carried out inside ducts and vessels by simultaneously dragging a bipolar catheter while applying RF power. Our objective was to characterize the relation between pullback speed, impedance progress, and temperature distribution.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe built a numerical model including a bipolar catheter, which is dragged inside a duct while RF power is applied between a pair of electrodes. The model solved a triple‐coupled electrical, thermal, and mechanical problem. Lesions were assessed by an Arrhenius model. The numerical model's thermal and electrical characteristics were chosen to obtain the same initial impedance value as in the experiments: 560 Ω at 16°C (sample temperature).ResultsThe catheter initially remained still, and the impedance was falling during the application of power. When pullback speed was too slow (<0.4 mm/s) impedance continued to drop when the catheter began to move, creating deep lesions, overheating and impedance roll‐off, while at the faster speed (0.4–1.0 mm/s) impedance first rose slightly and then reached a plateau. There was a strong inverse relation between pullback speed and lesion depth. The hottest point was always around the second electrode, creating a kind of hot wake.ConclusionsThese findings confirm the close relationship between pullback speed and impedance progress, and suggest that the latter factor could be used to guide the procedure and achieve effective and safe ablations along the inner path of a duct or vessel. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cohen forcing and inner models
Authors: Reitz Jonas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGiven an inner model and a regular cardinal κ, we consider two alternatives for adding a subset to κ by forcing: the Cohen poset Add(κ, 1), and the Cohen poset of the inner model . The forcing from W will be at least as strong as the forcing from V (in the sense that forcing with the former adds a generic for the latter) if and only if the two posets have the same cardinality. On the other hand, a sufficient condition is established for the poset from V to fail to be as strong as that from W. The results are generalized to , and to iterations of Cohen forcing where the poset at each stage comes from an arbitrary intermediate inner model.
Redox regulation by SOD2 modulates colorectal cancer tumorigenesis through AMPK‐mediated energy metabolism
Authors: Zhou Chen , Lyu Li‐hua , Miao Hui‐kai , Bahr Tyler , Zhang Qiong‐ying , Liang Ting , Zhou Huai‐bin , Chen Guo‐rong , Bai Yidong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy. Many reports have implicated aberrant mitochondrial activity in the progression of CRC, with particular emphasis on the dysregulation of redox signaling and oxidative stress. In this study, we focused on manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD/SOD2), a key antioxidant enzyme, which maintains intracellular redox homeostasis. Current literature presents conflicting mechanisms for how SOD2 influences tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Here, we explored the role of SOD2 in CRC specifically. We found high levels of SOD2 expression in CRC tissues. We carried out a series of experiments to determine whether knockdown of SOD2 expression in CRC cell lines would reverse features of tumorigenesis. We found that reduced SOD2 expression decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion activity in CRC cells. Results from an additional series of experiments on mitochondrial function implicated a dual role for SOD2 in promoting CRC progression. First, proper level of SOD2 helped CRC cells maintain mitochondrial function by disposal of superoxide (O2.−). Second, over‐expression of SOD2 induced H2O2‐mediated tumorigenesis by upregulating AMPK and glycolysis. Our results indicate that SOD2 may promote the occurrence and development of CRC by regulating the energy metabolism mediated by AMPK signaling pathways.
Evaluation of combined therapeutic effects of hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrogen sulfide and phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitor tadalafil on erectile dysfunction in a partially bladder outlet obstructed rat model
Authors: Yilmaz‐Oral Didem , Kaya‐Sezginer Ecem , Oztekin Cetin Volkan , Bayatli Nur , Lokman Utku , Gur Serap 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the impacts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor, sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), and phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitor (PDE5i), tadalafil per se and their combination treatment on partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO)‐induced erectile dysfunction (ED).MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats were equally divided into five groups: (a) sham‐operated control; (b) PBOO; (c) PBOO‐treated with NaHS (5.6 mg/kg/day, ip); (d) PBOO‐treated with tadalafil (2 mg/kg/day, oral); and (e) PBOO‐treated with combination of NaHS and tadalafil. The obstruction was created by urethral ligation for 6 weeks. In vivo erectile responses, in vitro relaxant and contractile responses in penile tissue as well as protein expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), H2S synthesis enzymes, oxidative stress, hypoxia, fibrosis markers, and the smooth muscle/collagen ratio and apoptosis were analyzed.ResultsCombined treatment entirely returned increased bladder mass, reduced erectile responses, relaxation responses to acetylcholine, and electrical field stimulation in obstructed rats, while partial amelioration was observed after mono‐treatment. Decreased neuronal NOS and 3‐mercaptopiruvate transferase enzyme expressions in penile tissue from obstructed rats were also entirely restored by the combined treatment. Mono‐treatment partially improved increased hypoxia, oxidative stress, fibrosis markers, decreased smooth muscle mass, and H2S levels, while combined therapy completely recovered.ConclusionsThe combination therapy with H2S donor and PDE5i had positive effects on erectile responses through the improvement of ischemia‐induced morphological and functional penile alterations in obstruction. H2S and NO may likely play a synergistic role in the regulation of erectile function and have constructive effects on clinical outcomes in male patients with ED and benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms.
Investigation of the inflow effect on weld lines morphology and strength in injection molding of short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene
Authors: Scantamburlo Andrea , Sorgato Marco , Lucchetta Giovanni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn parts manufactured by injection molding, the regions affected by the presence of a weld line show worse mechanical properties, especially in the case of fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics. This is mainly due to the unfavorable reinforcement orientation in the proximity of the weld line. The position and shape of a weld line, which develops where two different flows converge during the mold filling phase, can be modified by generating a pressure unbalance between flow fronts during the packing phase. This phenomenon is also known as “inflow” in the literature. In this work, the inflow phenomenon was obtained using side features located near the weld line. Its effect on weld line morphology and fibers orientation was investigated. The experimental results show that the inflow can modify the weld line position and shape. Furthermore, it can reorient the fibers in the weld line region, increasing the load at break and stiffness of the weld line by 19% and 15%, respectively. These effects were numerically modeled with a maximum error of 4%.
Local Probes of Graphene Lattice Dynamics
Authors: Kröger Jörg , Néel Nicolas , Wehling Tim Oliver , Brandbyge Mads 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy with a scanning tunneling microscope is a powerful method to excite and detect vibrational quanta with atomic resolution. The focus of this review article is on the local spectroscopy of graphene phonons. The experimental observation of their spectroscopic signatures together with theoretical modeling highlight the importance of the graphene–surface as well as the graphene–tip hybridization, the electron–phonon coupling strength, phonon‐mediated tunneling, local doping profiles, and the phonon density of state for the measured signal. Meanwhile, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms has been attained and justifies an overview on available findings.
Diagnostic accuracy of postmortem ultrasound vs postmortem 1.5‐T MRI for non‐invasive perinatal autopsy
Authors: Shelmerdine S. C. , Sebire N. J. , Arthurs O. J. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (PM‐MRI) and postmortem ultrasound (PM‐US) for perinatal autopsy in the same patient cohort, and to determine whether PM‐US can provide the same anatomical information as PM‐MRI.MethodsIn this prospective, 5‐year (July 2014–July 2019) single‐center study, we performed 1.5‐T PM‐MRI and PM‐US in an unselected cohort of perinatal deaths. The diagnostic accuracies of both modalities were calculated, using autopsy as the reference standard. As a secondary objective, the concordance rates between the two imaging modalities for the overall main diagnosis and for five anatomical regions (brain, spine, thorax, heart and abdomen) were calculated.ResultsDuring the study period, 136 cases underwent both PM‐US and PM‐MRI, of which 88 (64.7%) also underwent autopsy. There was no significant difference in the rates of concordance with autopsy between the two modalities for overall diagnosis (PM‐US, 86.4% (95% CI, 77.7–92.0%) vs PM‐MRI, 88.6% (95% CI, 80.3–93.7%)) or in the sensitivities and specificities for individual anatomical regions. There were more non‐diagnostic PM‐US than PM‐MRI examinations for the brain (22.8% vs 3.7%) and heart (14.7% vs 5.1%). If an ‘imaging‐only’ autopsy had been performed, PM‐US would have achieved the same diagnosis as 1.5‐T PM‐MRI in 86.8% (95% CI, 80.0–91.5%) of cases, with the highest rates of agreement being for spine (99.3% (95% CI, 95.9–99.9%)) and cardiac (97.3% (95% CI, 92.4–99.1%)) findings and the lowest being for brain diagnoses (85.2% (95% CI, 76.9–90.8%)).ConclusionAlthough there were fewer non‐diagnostic cases using PM‐MRI than for PM‐US, the high concordance rate for overall diagnosis suggests that PM‐US could be used for triaging cases when PM‐MRI access is limited or unavailable. © 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Heterogeneity of the peat profile and its role in unsaturated sodium chloride rise at field and laboratory scales
Authors: Balliston Nicole E. , Price Jonathan S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResource extraction in Canada's boreal ecozone increases the risk of contaminant release into the area's extensive bog and fen peatlands. Lateral spreading, then upwards transport of solutes into the vadose zone of these moss‐dominated ecosystems, could be toxic to vegetation. To evaluate the rate and character of contaminant rise in a subarctic bog, vadose zone‐specific conductance and water content were measured in four hummocks ∼5 m downslope of a 45‐d 300‐mg L−1 NaCl release. Four 30‐cm‐deep hummock peat mesocosms were extracted adjacent to the release site for an unsaturated evaporation‐driven NaCl breakthrough experiment and subsequent parameterization. The field rate of solute accumulation was slower in near‐surface (0–5 cm) peat, where low water contents limited pore connectivity. Solute accumulation was reduced by downward flushing by rain, though this was lesser in near surface moss where solute remained held in small disconnected pores. In the laboratory, Cl− rise reached the 15‐cm depth in all mesocosms by Day 65. Sodium rise was 2.2 times slower, likely due to adsorption to the peat matrix. Rates of upwards solute movement were highly variable; the highest rates occurred in the mesocosm with small but hydrologically conductive pores near the surface, and the lowest occurred where vascular roots disrupted the physical structure of the peat. This research demonstrates that solute spilled into a bog peatland is likely to rise and be retained in the vadose zone. However, hydraulic and solute transport behaviors are sensitive to the vertical structure of peat, underscoring the need for extensive sampling and parameter characterization.
Long‐Term Outcomes After Open Repair for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Reite Andreas , Søreide Kjetil , Kvaløy Jan Terje , Vetrhus Morten 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly mortality in ruptured abdominal aneurysm (rAAA) is high, but data on long‐term outcome are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the long‐term outcome in survivors after open surgery for rAAA in well‐defined population.MethodsThis is a population‐based, observational long‐term follow‐up (beyond 30‐day mortality) study of patients surgically treated for rAAA from 2000 through 2014. Long‐term survival was analysed using Kaplan–Meier estimates and compared to the general population by analyses of relative survival.ResultsOut of 178 patients operated for rAAA, 95 patients (55%) either died in the perioperative period, were referred from other hospitals or were lost to follow‐up (two patients). Altogether 83 patients were eligible for long‐term outcomes: 72 men and 11 women. Estimated median crude survival time was 6.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.8–8.2]. Men had a median survival of 7.3 years (95% CI 5.1–9.4) versus 5.4 years in females (95% CI 3.5–7.3) (P = 0.082). Reinterventions during follow‐up occurred in 31 (37%). Relative survival demonstrated a slightly higher risk of death in the rAAA population compared to the general age‐ and gender‐matched population. Age, but not comorbidities, had a significant influence on long‐term survival.ConclusionFor survivors beyond 30 days after surgery for rAAA, long‐term survival compares well to that of an age‐ and sex‐matched population. A high frequency of cardiovascular comorbidities did not seem to affect long‐term survival.
Stratospheric Ozone-induced Cloud Radiative Effects on Antarctic Sea Ice
Authors: Xia Yan , Hu Yongyun , Liu Jiping , Huang Yi , Xie Fei , Lin Jintai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecent studies demonstrate that the Antarctic Ozone Hole has important influences on Antarctic sea ice. While most of these works have focused on effects associated with atmospheric and oceanic dynamic processes caused by stratospheric ozone changes, here we show that stratospheric ozone-induced cloud radiative effects also play important roles in causing changes in Antarctic sea ice. Our simulations demonstrate that the recovery of the Antarctic Ozone Hole causes decreases in clouds over Southern Hemisphere (SH) high latitudes and increases in clouds over the SH extratropics. The decrease in clouds leads to a reduction in downward infrared radiation, especially in austral autumn. This results in cooling of the Southern Ocean surface and increasing Antarctic sea ice. Surface cooling also involves ice-albedo feedback. Increasing sea ice reflects solar radiation and causes further cooling and more increases in Antarctic sea ice.
A large population-based investigation into the genetics of susceptibility to gastrointestinal infections and the link between gastrointestinal infections and mental illness
Authors: Nudel Ron , Appadurai Vivek , Schork Andrew J. , Buil Alfonso , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Børglum Anders D. , Daly Mark J. , Mors Ole , Hougaard David M. , Mortensen Preben Bo , Werge Thomas , Nordentoft Merete , Thompson Wesley K. , Benros Michael E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal infections can be life threatening, but not much is known about the host’s genetic contribution to susceptibility to gastrointestinal infections or the latter’s association with psychiatric disorders. We utilized iPSYCH, a genotyped population-based sample of individuals born between 1981 and 2005 comprising 65,534 unrelated Danish individuals (45,889 diagnosed with mental disorders and 19,645 controls from a random population sample) in which all individuals were linked utilizing nationwide population-based registers to estimate the genetic contribution to susceptibility to gastrointestinal infections, identify genetic variants associated with gastrointestinal infections, and examine the link between gastrointestinal infections and psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. The SNP heritability of susceptibility to gastrointestinal infections ranged from 3.7% to 6.4% on the liability scale. Significant correlations were found between gastrointestinal infections and the combined group of mental disorders (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.82–2.4, P = 1.87 × 10–25). Correlations with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and depression were also significant. We identified a genome-wide significant locus associated with susceptibility to gastrointestinal infections (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08–1.18, P = 2.9 × 10–8), where the top SNP was an eQTL for the ABO gene. The risk allele was associated with reduced ABO expression, providing, for the first time, genetic evidence to support previous studies linking the O blood group to gastrointestinal infections. This study also highlights the importance of integrative work in genetics, psychiatry, infection, and epidemiology on the road to translational medicine.
Diagnosis of foreign body aspiration with ultralow-dose CT using a tin filter: a comparison study
Authors: Gordon Lena , Nowik Patrik , Mobini Kesheh Shahla , Lidegran Marika , Diaz Sandra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Suspected airway foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common event in paediatric emergency units, especially in children under 3 years of age. It can be a life-threatening event if not diagnosed promptly and accurately. The purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic performance of an ultralow-dose CT (DLP of around 1 mGycm) with that of conventional radiographic methods (fluoroscopy and chest radiography of the airways) in the diagnosis of FBA children’s airways.

Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional study. Data from 136 children were collected: 75 were examined with conventional radiographic methods and 61 with ultralow-dose CT. Effective doses were compared using independent t tests. The results of bronchoscopy, if performed, were used in creating contingency 2 × 2 tables to assess the diagnostic performance between modalities. An extra triple reading of all images was applied for this purpose.

Results
The effective doses used in the ultralow-dose CT examinations were lower compared with those in conventional methods (p < 0.001). The median dose for CT was 0.04 mSv compared with 0.1 mSv for conventional methods. Sensitivity and specificity were higher for ultralow-dose CT than those for conventional methods (100% and 98% versus 33% and 96%) as were the positive and negative predicted values (90% and 100% versus 60% and 91%).

Conclusion
Ultralow-dose CT can be used as the imaging of choice in the diagnosis of airway FBA in emergency settings, thereby avoiding concerns about radiation doses and negative bronchoscopy outcomes.
An adaptive finite element model for steerable needles
Authors: Terzano Michele , Dini Daniele , Rodriguez y Baena Ferdinando , Spagnoli Andrea , Oldfield Matthew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPenetration of a flexible and steerable needle into a soft target material is a complex problem to be modelled, involving several mechanical challenges. In the present paper, an adaptive finite element algorithm is developed to simulate the penetration of a steerable needle in brain-like gelatine material, where the penetration path is not predetermined. The geometry of the needle tip induces asymmetric tractions along the tool–substrate frictional interfaces, generating a bending action on the needle in addition to combined normal and shear loading in the region where fracture takes place during penetration. The fracture process is described by a cohesive zone model, and the direction of crack propagation is determined by the distribution of strain energy density in the tissue surrounding the tip. Simulation results of deep needle penetration for a programmable bevel-tip needle design, where steering can be controlled by changing the offset between interlocked needle segments, are mainly discussed in terms of penetration force versus displacement along with a detailed description of the needle tip trajectories. It is shown that such results are strongly dependent on the relative stiffness of needle and tissue and on the tip offset. The simulated relationship between programmable bevel offset and needle curvature is found to be approximately linear, confirming empirical results derived experimentally in a previous work. The proposed model enables a detailed analysis of the tool–tissue interactions during needle penetration, providing a reliable means to optimise the design of surgical catheters and aid pre-operative planning.