bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
For-Profit Hospitals Have a Unique Opportunity to Serve as Anchor Institutions in the U.S.
Authors: Cronin Cory E. , Franz Berkeley , Choyke Kelly , Rodriguez Vanessa , Gran Brian K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Hospitals serve as anchor institutions in many U.S. communities and make contributions to bolster population health and reduce preventable death. Most studies to date have focused on nonprofit hospitals, but there may be significant opportunity for for-profits to fill this role in both urban and rural communities.
Methods

We calculated descriptive statistics and a multivariate regression model to assess economic and health characteristics for all U.S. counties that contain for-profit as compared to nonprofit or public hospitals.
Results

For-profit hospitals are more likely to be located in counties with higher uninsurance rates and lower self-rated health. After controlling for hospital and county characteristics, we found a significant and positive relationship between for-profit hospital presence and higher county unemployment, higher uninsured rates, and the number of residents reporting poor/fair health. For-profit hospitals were also less likely to be located in states that had expanded Medicaid or which had certificate-of-need laws.
Conclusions

There is substantial opportunity for for-profit hospitals to serve as anchor institutions in many U.S. communities, despite this label more traditionally being applied to nonprofit hospitals. Given that there is not currently a regular reporting mechanism for documenting the community health contributions of for-profit hospitals, policymakers and researchers should evaluate the current state of these contributions and develop incentives to encourage more anchor activities to benefit economically vulnerable communities in the U.S.
Exosomal miRNAs as novel potential biomarkers for endometriosis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Hao , Zhu Li-tong , Luo Huang-jin , Chen Xiao-Lin , Yu Gui-yuan , Li Qiu-xia , Jin Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Endometriosis (EMS) is a chronic gynaecological disease. Exosomal miRNAs appear to be associated with the progression of EMS, which suggest potential circulating biomarkers in EMS.Methods: Differential centrifugation, illumina small RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR are used to compare the pelvic fluid of patients with a clinical diagnosis of EMS and matched controls.Results: Six miRNAs (miR-135a-5p, miR-196a-5p, miR-449b-5p, miR-4454, miR-4286, and miR-5100) showed significant differences in the EMS group in initial screening (log2FC > 2). Receiver-operator curve (ROC) analysis further indicated miR-4454 (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.956, P < 0.05) and miR-5100(area under the curve (AUC) = 0.900, P < 0.05) were highly correlated with the pathogenesis of EMS. Validation on the samples from 10 patients and 10 healthy people.Conclusion: Our miRNA expression data provide altered expression and potential prospects for biomarkers in EMS.
Neferine Enhances Autophagy to Alleviate Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by CSE in AEC-II through AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Yu Haiyang , Sun Yuqing , Cheng Pengpeng , Wang Qian , Han Fengfeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
COPD is a clinical common chronic respiratory disease, its incidence case fatality rate is higher, there is currently no cure drugs and methods. In this study, in order to make clear its role in the development of autophagy in COPD, COPD cell model is established.To further explore whether regulating autophagy could have a protective effect to fight against CSE-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, we choose neferine as an autophagy inducer. Neferine activated cell autophagy in an vitro CSE-induced COPD cell model and gradually attenuated CSE-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, this process happens largely through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. As a autophagic flux inhibitor, chloroquine abolished the prosurvival autophagy effect, and AMPK inhibitor Compound C blocked neferine-mediated autophagy and then neferine failed to protect COPD cell model from CSE-induced apoptosis. Overall,our findings suggested that neferine possibly has a potentially protective effect in cell damage mechanisms caused by CSE. It hints that neferine has the prospect of turning into a potential therapeutics to cure CSE-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis and even COPD patients.
Cooperative regulation of PBI1 and MAPKs precisely controls the master transcription factor WRKY45 in rice immunity
Authors: Ichimaru Kota , Harada Kenichi , Shigeta Shusuke , Yamaguchi Koji , Shimada Keita , Ishikawa Kazuya , Inoue Kento , Nishio Yusaku , Yoshimura Satomi , Inoue Haruhiko , Yamashita Eiki , Fujiwara Toshimichi , Nakagawa Atsushi , Kojima Chojiro , Kawasaki Tsutomu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The U-box type ubiquitin ligase PUB44 is targeted by the Xanthomonas oryzae XopP effector and positively regulates pattern-triggered immunity in rice. Here we identified PBI1, a protein that interacts with PUB44. Crystal structure analysis indicated that PBI1 forms a four-helix bundle structure. PBI1 also interacts with WRKY45, a key transcriptional activator of rice immunity, and negatively regulates its activity. PBI1 is degraded during the chitin response, and this is suppressed by silencing of PUB44 or expression of XopP, indicating that PBI1 degradation depends on PUB44. These data suggest that PBI1 suppresses WRKY45 activity when cells are in the unelicited state, and during chitin signaling, PUB44-mediated degradation of PBI1 leads to activation of WRKY45. In addition, phosphorylation of WRKY45 by MAP kinases releases WRKY45 from the PBI1-mediated inhibitory effect. These results demonstrate that chitin-induced activation of WRKY45 is regulated by the cooperation between MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation and PUB44-mediated PBI1 degradation.
Heparin Binding Protein and Endothelial Glycocalyx Markers in Severe COVID-19 – A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Mellhammar Lisa , Thelaus Louise , Elén Sixten , Fisher Jane , Linder Adam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The pathophysiology of severe COVID-19 has been implicated to involve neutrophil activation in the blood and in the lungs and endothelial dysfunction. Heparin binding protein (HBP) is a neutrophil protein that plays an important role in bacterial sepsis and is a promising biomarker in severe infections. Syndecans and glypicans are potential markers of sheeding of the glycocalyx and endothelial dysfunction.The primary aims of this study were to assess whether HBP or syndecans and glypicans are involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and if so, whether they can be used to predict severe disease preferably using a point-of-care test (POC) that can substitute more time-consuming analysis with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Methods: A prospective convenience sample study of biomarkers. The main cohort consisted of patients admitted to hospital with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Samples and clinical data were collected at admission, during admission and at discharge and samples were analyzed with ELISA kit (Axis-Shield Diagnostics) for measuring HBP concentration and a novel dry immunofluorescence analyzer (Jet-iStar 800) (Joinstar) for point-of-care testing.Results: Thirty-five COVID-19 patients were prospectively enrolled in the study. HBP was significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients with organ dysfunction (n= 23) compared to those without organ dysfunction (n=6), 24.7 ng/mL (95% CI 17.3-48.4) vs 10.6 ng/mL (95% CI 6.2-17.1 ng/mL), p=0.03. Syndecan-1 and Glypican-4 were not significantly elevated in patients with organ dysfunction. Syndecan-1, 62.1 ng/mL (44.4-102.0) vs 57.5 ng/mL (95% CI 46.0- 63.7), p=0.44 and glypican-4, 3292.4 pg/mL (95% CI 1707.5- 6790.6) vs 3962.7 pg/mL (95% CI 2653.6- 5823.5), p=0.80. The point-of-care (POC) HBP test showed good correlation to the standard ELISA with an R-value of 0.83. HBP measured by the POC device predicted development of COVID-induced organ dysfunction within 72 hours with an AUC of 0.88.Conclusions: The neutrophil-derived HBP is elevated prior to onset of organ dysfunction in patients with severe COVID-19 using a newly developed point-of-care test and hence HBP could be used in a clinical setting as a prognostic marker in COVID-19.
A Method for Experimental Warming of Developing Tree Seeds With A Common Garden Demonstration of Seedling Responses
Authors: Von Moler Ehren Reid , Page Gerald , Flores-Renteria Lluvia , Garms Cory , Hull Julia , Cooper Hillary , Swenson Jared , Perks Sean , Waring Kristen Marie , Whipple Amy Vaughn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundForest dieback driven by rapid climate warming threatens ecosystems worldwide. The health of forested ecosystems depends on how tree species respond to warming during all life history stages. While it is known that seed development is temperature-sensitive, little is known about possible effects of climate warming on seed development and subsequent seedling performance. Exposure of seeds to high air temperatures may influence subsequent seedling performance negatively, though conversely, warming during seed development may aid acclimation of seedlings to subsequent thermal stress. Technical challenges associated with in-situ warming of developing tree seeds limit understanding of how tree species may respond to seed development in a warmer climate. ResultsWe developed and validated a simple method for passively warming seeds as they develop in tree canopies to enable controlled study of climate warming on seedling performance. We quantified thermal effects of the cone-warming method across individual pine trees and stands by measuring the air temperature surrounding seed cones using thermal loggers and the temperature of seed cone tissue using thermocouples. We then investigated seedling phenotypes in relation to the warming method through a common garden study. We assessed plant morphological, physiological, and mycorrhizal nodulation in response to cone-warming for 20 seed source trees on the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona, USA. The warming method increased air temperature surrounding developing seed cones by 2.1◦C, a plausible increase in mean air temperature by 2050 under current climate projections. Notable effect sizes of cone-warming were detected for seedling root length, shoot length, and diameter at root collar using Cohen’s Local f 2. Root length was most affected by cone-warming, however, effect sizes of cone-warming on root length and diameter at root collar became negligible after the first year of growth. Cone-warming had small but significant effects on mycorrhizal fungal richness and seedling multispectral near-infrared indices indicative of plant health. ConclusionsThe method was shown to reliably elevate the temperature surrounding seed cones and thereby facilitate experimental in-situ climate change research on forest trees. The method was furthermore shown to influence plant traits that may affect seedling performance under climate warming.
High Performance Temperature Difference Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Cheng Bolang , Xu Qi , Ding Yaqin , Bai Suo , Jia Xiaofeng , Yu Yangdianchen , Qin Yong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Usually, high temperature decreases the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) because of the dissipation of triboelectric charges through the thermionic emission. It would be highly valuable if the high temperature can be used to enhance the output performance of TENG. In this paper, through a simulation combining the electron-cloud-potential-well model for triboelectrification and the thermionic-emission model, we find that there exists an optimum temperature difference ∆T between friction layers under which the output of TENG is maximum. Based on this, a type of contact-separation temperature difference TENG with controllable friction layer temperature (TDNG) is designed and fabricated to enhance the electrical output performance in temperature difference environment. As the temperature difference ∆T increasing from 0 K to 145 K, the output voltage, current, the surface charge density and output power are increased 2.7, 2.2, 3.0 and 2.9 times, respectively (from 315 V, 9.1 μA, 47 nC/m2, 69 μW to 858 V, 20 μA, 0.14 μC/m2, 206.7 μW). Then with the continuous increase of ∆T to 219 K, the surface charge density and output performance gradually decrease. At the optimal temperature difference (145 K), the biggest output current density (396 μA/cm2) has been obtained, which is 13% larger than the reported record value (350 μA/cm2).
Why the energy transition is not enough
Authors: Leiva Benjamin , Schramski John 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Efforts to accommodate the growth in global energy consumption within a fragile biosphere are primarily focused on managing the transition towards a low-carbon energy mix. We show evidence that a more fundamental problem exists through a scaling relation, akin to Kleiber’s Law, between society’s energy consumption and material stocks. Humanity’s energy consumption scales at 0.78 of its material stocks, which implies predictable environmental pressure regardless of the energy mix. If true, future global energy scenarios imply vast amounts of materials and corresponding environmental degradation, which have not been previously acknowledged. Given this reality, we also show evidence that a worldwide lifestyle limit at 2.0 kW/capita enables a dignified life for all while stabilizing human intervention in the biosphere to current levels, yet the political viability of establishing such limit is very low.
Trends in the use of health services and their relationship with multimorbidity in Brazil, 1998–2013
Authors: de Souza Ana Sara Semeâo , Braga Jose Ueleres 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of multimorbidity. Access to effective and equitable health services that meet NCDs’ needs is still limited in many countries. This constitutes the main barrier to coping with NCDs, especially in minimising the suffering of those who are already sick. The present study aimed to identify the relationship between multimorbidity and the use of different health services in Brazil from 1998 to 2013.
Methods
This is a panel study using data from the health supplement of the National Household Sample Survey of 1998, 2003 and 2008 and data from the National Health Survey carried out in 2013. Three health service utilization outcomes were considered: 1. search for health services in the last 15 days (excluding dental services), 2. medical consultation in the previous 12 months and 3. hospitalisations over the last 12 months. Multimorbidity was assessed by counting the number of morbidities from a list of 10 morbidities. Poisson regression models stratified by sex were used to estimate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals for each outcome of health service use and multimorbidity, per year.
Results
There was an increase in the prevalence of demand for health services and medical consultations in the last 12 months between 1998 and 2013, regardless of the multimorbidity classification. The prevalence of hospitalisations has decreased over the study period and increased twofold in individuals with multimorbidity. Having multimorbidity increased the use of health services for the three outcomes under the study, being more expressive among men.
Conclusions
This study found that individuals with multimorbidity have higher levels of use of health services and better understand the multimorbidity epidemiology. The associated impacts on the use and costs of health services can increase the quality of care provided to these patients and reduce rising health care costs.
How mu-Opioid Receptor Recognizes Fentanyl
Authors: Vo Quynh , Mahinthichaichan Paween , Shen Jana , Ellis Christopher 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The opioid crisis has escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic. More than half of the overdose-related deaths are related to synthetic opioids represented by fentanyl which is a potent agonist of mu-opioid receptor (mOR). In recent years, crystal structures of mOR complexed with morphine derivatives have been determined; however, structural basis of mOR activation by fentanyl-like synthetic opioids remains lacking. Exploiting the X-ray structure of mOR bound to a morphinan ligand and several state-of-the-art simulation techniques, including weighted ensemble and continuous constant pH molecular dynamics, we elucidated the detailed binding mechanism of fentanyl with mOR. Surprisingly, in addition to the orthosteric site common to morphinan opiates, fentanyl can move deeper and bind mOR through hydrogen bonding with a conserved histidine H297, which has been shown to modulate mOR's ligand affinity and pH dependence in mutagenesis experiments, but its precise role remains unclear. Intriguingly, the secondary binding mode is only accessible when H297 adopts a neutral HID tautomer. Alternative binding modes and involvement of tautomer states may represent general mechanisms in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-ligand recognition. Our work provides a starting point for understanding mOR activation by fentanyl analogs that are emerging at a rapid pace and assisting the design of safer analgesics to combat the opioid crisis. Current protein simulation studies employ standard protonation and tautomer states; our work demonstrates the need to move beyond the practice to advance our understanding of protein-ligand recognition.
Effects of Brief Citrate Interruption on Regional Citrate Anticoagulation During Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Jiang Daishan , Zhou Zhongxia , Yuan Xiaoyu , Shen Yan , Wang Ting , Cai Qi , Li Shanfeng , Jiang Wei , Shen Yanbo , Huang Zhongwei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) has been widely used in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Having encountered some unexplained and unexpected situations in clinical practice, we speculated if a brief citrate infusion interruption during regular operation would affect anticoagulation. A review of the literature confirmed that no studies to date have explored the effect of short-term citrate interruption on RCA.Method: In ten patients who received continuous veno-venous hemofiltration treatment with RCA, we measured concentrations of ionized calcium (iCa) in the post-filtered and peripheral blood before and after the citrate interruption due to effluent dumping and at 5, 10, 20, and 60 minutes after the return to normal working conditions. Results: The citrate suspension time caused by dumping of the effluent liquid was 5.91 ± 0.89 minutes. The post-filter iCa concentration was significantly increased because of the interruption (0.42 ± 0.04 vs. 0.94 ± 0.06, p<0.001) and positively correlated with the interruption duration (r = 0.69, p = 0.002), whereas the peripheral blood calcium concentration was not significantly affected (1.09 ± 0.05 vs. 1.07 ± 0.04, p=0.47). Conclusion: A brief citrate interruption may affect anticoagulation efficiency, creating a potential hazard. A more reliable RCA protocol or equipment design requires further study.
The Effective Screening Tools for Detecting Hearing Loss in Elderly Population: HHIE-ST Versus TSQ
Authors: CHAYAOPAS NICHTIMA , Kasemsiri Pornthep , Thanawirattananit Panida , Piromchai Patorn , Yimtae Kwanchanok 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundGlobally increasing number of elders is concerned. Hearing loss process in elderly cannot be avoided. An effective screening tool for hearing loss is essential for proper diagnosis and rehabilitation, which can improve QOL in elderly individuals.MethodsThis prospective-diagnostic test study evaluates the diagnostic value of Thai version of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly Screening (HHIE-ST) and the Thai Single Question (TSQ) surveys in screening hearing disability in 1109 Thai elderly participants aged 60 years and older in communities in four provinces in Thailand. The HHIE-ST consisted of 10 selected questions from the validated HHIE-Thai version. A TSQ survey was developed to have the same meaning as an English Single Question survey. The participants answered both questionnaires, and a standard audiometry test assessed with air conduction from 250 to 8000 Hz was included as a gold standard.ResultsThe prevalence of hearing disability was 38.34%. The HHIE-ST achieved a sensitivity of 88.96% (95% CI 85.77–91.64) and specificity of 52.19% (95% CI 48.24–56.13) for diagnosis hearing disability in Thai elderly subjects, whereas the TSQ yielded a sensitivity of 88.73% and a specificity of 55.93%. A combined test including the HHIE-ST and TSQ achieved better performance with sensitivity of 85.29% and specificity of 60.13%.ConclusionsEither the HHIE-ST or the TSQ is a sensitive and useful tool for screening hearing disability in Thai elderly subjects. Using the HHIE-ST together with the TSQ resulted in a better screening tool for detecting moderate hearing loss elderly individuals who will be benefit and recommended for hearing rehabilitation.Trial RegistrationThe study is registered with the following number in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry: TCTR20151015003. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=regtrials&menu=trialsearch&smenu=fulltext&task=search&task2=view1&id=1562
Unilateral Lateral Rectus Recession is an Effective Surgery for Intermittent Exotropia in Young Children
Authors: Spierer Oriel , Spierer Abraham 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Different surgical methods have been suggested for the correction of intermittent exotropia. Unilateral lateral rectus recession has been described as a surgical alternative for small and moderate-angle exotropia. In general, previous studies did not focus on the outcomes of unilateral lateral rectus recession in young children with intermittent exotropia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of unilateral lateral rectus recession in the treatment of moderate-angle exotropia (≤25 PD (prism diopters)) in children.Methods: The charts of all patients younger than 12 years of age with moderate-angle exotropia (up to 25 PD) who were operated during the years 2006-2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty-eight patients underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession and had a minimum follow up of 6 months. The angle of exotropia (PD) before and after surgery and the success rate were documented.Results: Mean age at surgery was 6.4 ± 1.9 (range 3.5–11.0) years. Exotropia improved from a preoperative angle of 21.4 ± 4.0 PD to 3.5 ± 5.9 PD postoperatively (p < 0.001). Success rate, defined as deviation of ≤ 10 PD, was achieved in 86.2%. There were 2 (3.4%) cases of overcorrection (consecutive esotropia). There were no intra- or postoperative complications. The mean follow-up duration after surgery was 2.3 ± 1.7 years. Conclusion: In children with moderate angle exotropia, good postoperative success rate was achieved by performing unilateral lateral rectus recession.