bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain‐autonomic interaction: A surrogate marker of central sensitization
Authors: Scheuren Paulina S. , Rosner Jan , Curt Armin , Hubli Michèle 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCentral sensitization represents a key pathophysiological mechanism underlying the development of neuropathic pain, often manifested clinically as mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia. Adopting a mechanism‐based treatment approach relies highly on the ability to assess the presence of central sensitization. The aim of the study was to investigate potential pain‐autonomic readouts to operationalize experimentally induced central sensitization in the area of secondary hyperalgesia.MethodsPinprick evoked potentials (PEPs) and sympathetic skin responses (SSRs) were recorded in 20 healthy individuals. Three blocks of PEP and SSR recordings were performed before and after heat‐induced secondary hyperalgesia. All measurements were also performed before and after a control condition. Multivariate analyses were performed using linear mixed‐effect regression models to examine the effect of experimentally induced central sensitization on PEP and SSR parameters (i.e. amplitudes, latencies and habituation) and on pinprick pain ratings.ResultsThe noxious heat stimulation induced robust mechanical hyperalgesia with a significant increase in PEP and SSR amplitudes (p < 0.001) in the area of secondary hyperalgesia. Furthermore, PEP and SSR habituation were reduced (p < 0.001) after experimentally induced central sensitization.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that combined recordings of PEPs and SSRs are sensitive to objectify experimentally induced central sensitization and may have a great potential to reveal its presence in clinical pain conditions. Corroborating current pain phenotyping with pain‐autonomic markers has the potential to unravel central sensitization along the nociceptive neuraxis and might provide a framework for mechanistically founded therapies.SignificanceOur findings provide evidence that combined recordings of sympathetic skin responses (SSRs) and pinprick evoked potentials (PEPs) might be able to unmask central sensitization induced through a well‐established experimental pain model in healthy individuals. As such, these novel readouts of central sensitization might attain new insights towards complementing clinical pain phenotyping.
The interrelation between interpretation biases, threat expectancies and pain‐related attentional processing
Authors: Chan Frederick H. F. , Jackson Todd , Hsiao Janet H. , Chan Antoni B. , Barry Tom J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew studies examining the effect of pain‐related threat on eye movements have incorporated a measure of interpretation bias. However, theories suggest that interpretation biases also play an important role in the anticipation of harm in situations where pain could be imminent. The current study investigates the association between interpretation biases and pain‐related threat expectancies and their associations with eye movements to pain‐related imagery.MethodsHealthy adults’ (N = 91) fear of pain, emotional functioning and interpretation biases were assessed prior to a threat manipulation where they were given either threatening or reassuring information about an upcoming cold pressor task. Participants were then asked to freely view scene images that were either pain‐related or neutral.ResultsWe used a data‐driven machine learning method to analyse eye movements. We identified an explorative (i.e. greater dispersal of eye fixations) and a focused eye movement pattern subgroup (i.e. mainly focusing on foreground information) for scene viewing in the sample. Participants with more negative interpretation biases expected that the cold pressor task would be more harmful, and those with higher levels of anticipated harm used a more explorative strategy when viewing injury scene images. Subsequent analysis confirmed an indirect effect of interpretation biases on eye movements through expected bodily harm. No difference in eye movements was found between participants given threatening and reassuring information.ConclusionsInterpretation biases may play a prominent role in threat‐related attentional processing. By adopting a novel eye movement analysis approach, our results revealed interesting associations among interpretations, threat expectancies and eye movements.SignificanceNegative interpretation biases may be associated with greater threat expectancies for an upcoming experimental pain task. Anticipation of bodily harm may induce a stimulus non‐specific hypervigilant style of scanning of pain‐related scenes.
Sediment budgeting of short‐term backfilling processes: The erosional collapse of a Carolingian canal construction
Authors: Schmidt Johannes , Werther Lukas , Rabiger‐Völlmer Johannes , Herzig Franz , Schneider Birgit , Werban Ulrike , Dietrich Peter , Berg Stefanie , Linzen Sven , Ettel Peter , Zielhofer Christoph 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSediment budgeting concepts serve as quantification tools to decipher the erosion and accumulation processes within a catchment and help to understand these relocation processes through time. While sediment budgets are widely used in geomorphological catchment‐based studies, such quantification approaches are rarely applied in geoarchaeological studies. The case of Charlemagne's summit canal (also known as Fossa Carolina) and its erosional collapse provides an example for which we can use this geomorphological concept and understand the abandonment of the Carolingian construction site. The Fossa Carolina is one of the largest hydro‐engineering projects in Medieval Europe. It is situated in Southern Franconia (48.9876°N, 10.9267°E; Bavaria, southern Germany) between the Altmühl and Swabian Rezat rivers. It should have bridged the Central European watershed and connected the Rhine–Main and Danube river systems. According to our dendrochronological analyses and historical sources, the excavation and construction of the Carolingian canal took place in AD 792 and 793. Contemporary written sources describe an intense backfill of excavated sediment in autumn AD 793. This short‐term erosion event has been proposed as the principal reason for the collapse and abandonment of the hydro‐engineering project. We use subsurface data (drillings, archaeological excavations, and direct‐push sensing) and geospatial data (a LiDAR digital terrain model (DTM), a pre‐modern DTM, and a 3D model of the Fossa Carolina] for the identification and sediment budgeting of the backfills. Dendrochronological findings and radiocarbon ages of macro remains within the backfills give clear evidence for the erosional collapse of the canal project during or directly after the construction period. Moreover, our quantification approach allows the detection of the major sedimentary collapse zone. The exceedance of the manpower tipping point may have caused the abandonment of the entire construction site. The spatial distribution of the dendrochronological results indicates a north–south direction of the early medieval construction progress. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Evaluation of the modified Pittsburgh classification for predicting the disease‐free survival outcome of squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal
Authors: Nabuurs Cindy H. , Kievit Wietske , Labbé Nilou , Leemans C. René , Smit Conrad F. G. M. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Pauw Robert J. , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Jansen Jeroen C. , Lacko Martin , Braunius Weibel W. , Morita Shinya , Wierzbicka Małgorzata , Matoba Takuma , Hanai Nobuhiro , Takes Robert P. , Kunst Henricus P. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the external auditory canal (EAC) is a rare disease, which is commonly classified with the modified Pittsburgh classification. Our aim was to evaluate the predictive performance of this classification in relation to disease‐free survival (DFS).MethodsWe examined retrospective data from a nationwide Dutch cohort study including patients with primary EAC SCC. These data were combined with individual patient data from the literature. Using the combined data, the predictive performances were calculated using the c‐index.ResultsA total of 381 patients were included, 294 for clinical and 281 for the pathological classification analyses. The c‐indices of the clinical and the pathological modified Pittsburgh classification predicting DFS were 0.725 (0.668‐0.782) and 0.729 (0.672‐0.786), respectively.ConclusionThe predictive performance of the modified Pittsburgh classification system as such appears to be acceptable to predict the DFS of EAC SCC. Other factors need to be added to a future model to improve the predicted performance.
Do the Renminbi and Hong Kong dollar bubbles interact?
Authors: Su Xiaojian , Peng Cheng , Lv Zhike , Deng Chao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper applies the Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey–Fuller (GSADF) approach to highlight the multiple exchange rate bubbles, and detect the interaction between Renminbi (RMB) and Hong Kong dollar (HKD) by logistic regression. The results illustrate that (I) there exists multiple bubbles in the RMB and HKD, and both shows the short‐term period bubbles in the nominal exchange rates whereas performing the long‐term period bubbles in the real exchange rates; (II) the exchange rate bubbles mainly existed during the financial crisis. The RMB bubbles occurred more in domestic financial crisis, while the HKD bubbles occurred in both domestic and international financial crisis; (III) there are interactions between bubbles in the RMB and HKD. Specifically, the bubbles in the nominal exchange rates of the RMB and HKD are reinforcing each other while the bubbles in the real exchange rates markets are mutually hedging; the nominal and real exchange rate market are mutually reinforcing regardless of the RMB or HKD. Furthermore, the strength of interactions between the RMB and HKD shows that the price of the HKD is more stable than that of the RMB.
Green colonialism in the Nordic context: Exploring Southern Saami representations of wind energy development
Authors: Normann Susanne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper explores social representations of wind energy development within reindeer herding lands among the Indigenous Southern Saami living within Norwegian borders. For this matter, the paper combines Social Representations Theory (SRT) with the analytical framework of “circuits of dispossession and privilege” and decolonial approaches within community psychology. Data consisted of seven individual semi‐structured open‐ended interviews, three collective interviews, and observation in three lawsuits, public meetings, protest actions, and reindeer herding activities. The findings suggest that for the subjects in this study, the onset of wind power represents the renewal of historical processes of dispossession through accumulation and colonialism, enabled by harmful knowledge gaps in Norwegian society and institutions, contrasting Southern Saami's values of responsibility and ecological practices. The implication of these findings suggests an urgent need of rethinking renewable energy and including indigenous knowledge in climate change agendas.
Synthesis of benzo[h]quinolone and benzo[c]acridinone derivatives by Fe3O4@PS‐Arginine[HSO4] as an efficient magnetic nanocatalyst
Authors: Karkhah Maryam Kargar , Kefayati Hassan , Shariati Shahab 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and functionalized by propylsilan and after that arginine. The synthesized Fe3O4@PS‐Arginine magnetic nanoparticles were modified to obtain Fe3O4@PS‐Arg[HSO4]. These nanoparticles were used as environmental friendly solidacid magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐4‐arylbenzo[h]quinoline‐3‐carbonitrile and 10,10‐dimethyl‐7‐aryl‐9,10,11,12‐tetrahydrobenzo[c]acridin‐8(7H)‐one derivatives via the one‐pot reaction of α‐naphthilamine and aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile or dimedone. Simple operation, high reaction yields, reusability of catalyst for several times, short reaction time and easy separation from reaction mixture are the key advantages of using this catalyst.
Low Muscle Mass Is a Predictor of Malnutrition and Prolonged Hospital Stay in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Teixeira Paula Portal , Kowalski Veronnike Hossa , Valduga Kamila , de Araújo Bruna Espíndola , Silva Flávia Moraes 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is more prevalent during times of exacerbation. Fat‐free mass index (FFMI), calf circumference (CC), and adductor muscle pollicis thickness (AMPT) can be used to identify reduced muscle mass and have been found to be good predictors of clinical outcomes in other conditions, but they have not been investigated in COPD. Therefore, this study evaluated low muscle mass as predictor of malnutrition, prolonged length of stay (LOS), and in‐hospital death in COPD patients.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was carried out in hospitalized patients with COPD exacerbation. Malnutrition diagnosis was performed by Subjective Global Assessment, and muscle mass was assessed by FFMI, calculated using fat‐free mass from bioelectrical impedance, CC, and AMPT. Clinical outcomes (LOS and in‐hospital death) were collected from records.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐six patients were included (68.2 ± 10.4 years old, 56.2% women); 74.2% were classified as Global Initiative of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2 or 3 and 58.2% as malnourished. The median LOS was 11 (7–19) days, and the incidence of death was 9.1%. Low FFMI and CC predicted malnutrition (low CC: odds ratio [OR], 4.6; 95% CI, 2.2–9.7 and low FFMI: OR, 8.8; 95% CI, 3.7–20.8) and were associated with prolonged LOS (low CC: OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1–4.6 and low FFMI: OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3–4.8).ConclusionSimple, inexpensive, and noninvasive parameters of muscle mass—FFMI and CC—are good predictors of malnutrition and prolonged LOS in COPD patients experiencing exacerbation.
COVID‐19 Viral Load in the Severity of and Recovery From Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction
Authors: Cho Ryan H. W. , To Zion W. H. , Yeung Zenon W.C. , Tso Eugene Y. K. , Fung Kitty S. C. , Chau Sandy K. Y. , Leung Erica Y. L. , Hui Thomas S. C. , Tsang Steven W. C. , Kung K. N. , Chow Eudora Y. D. , Abdullah Victor , van Hasselt Andrew , Tong Michael C. F. , Ku Peter K. M. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThis study investigated olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in the 2020 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) patients, and their correlations with viral load evaluation.Study DesignProspective cross‐sectional cohort study.MethodsOne hundred forty‐three symptomatic patients being screened for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) were invited to participate. The clinical data of 83 confirmed COVID‐19 subjects were collected, with 60 patients who were symptomatic but negative for COVID‐19 recruited as controls. The prevalence and severity of and recovery time for olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, and cycle threshold (Ct) values from a SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction assay of nasopharyngeal and deep throat swabs were collected. Their correlations with Ct values were reported.ResultsThirty‐nine (47.0%) and 36 (43.4%) COVID‐19 patients reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, respectively. The results of one‐way analysis of variance did not show statistically significant relationships between the Ct values and severity of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (P = .780 and P = .121, respectively). Among the COVID‐19 patients who reported smell and taste loss, 28/39 (71.8%) and 30/36 (83.3%) experienced complete recovery, respectively. The mean recovery time was 10.3 ± 8.1 days for olfactory dysfunction and 9.5 ± 6.8 days for gustatory dysfunction. The recovery time was not correlated with the Ct values (Pearson correlation coefficient, smell: −0.008, P = .968; taste: −0.015, P = .940).ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID‐19. However, the severity of and recovery from these symptoms have no correlations with the viral load of SARS‐CoV‐2.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2680–2685, 2020
Effects of perennial aromatic grass species richness and microbial consortium on soil properties of marginal lands and on biomass production
Authors: Maddhesiya Pawan K. , Singh Kripal , Singh Rana P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of perennial grass species richness levels and consortium of three bacteria on properties of a slightly alkaline soil and on biomass production of grasses. Four species of perennial aromatic grasses namely: vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii), and citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) were planted in all possible combinations at one, two, three, and four species richness levels in a randomized block design with three replications and two treatments, these were PGPR+ (with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) and without (PGPR−). Species and richness level specific changes in soil physicochemical properties: electrical conductivity (EC); bulk density (BD); total soil organic carbon (TOC); available nitrogen (Nav), microbial colony forming unit (CFU); microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and enzymatic alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were observed. The highest reduction in soil pH and EC and increase in soil TOC, CFU, Nav, MBC, and enzymes activities were found at two species richness levels of vetiver and lemongrass in both PGPR+ and PGPR− plots followed by monoculture of vetiver. The highest annual total dry biomass 22.8 and 27.5 Mg ha−1 was produced by monoculture of vetiver in PGPR− and PGPR+ plots, respectively, with similar values at two species richness levels of vetiver and lemongrass in PGPR− and PGPR+ plots. The highest plant carbon was found in vetiver monoculture and two species richness levels of vetiver and lemongrass. The soil carbon sequestration potential was highest at two species mixtures of vetiver–lemongrass and lemongrass–palmarosa as well.
Polystyrene‐Based 2‐Oxoacetates for the Light‐Induced Release of Fragrances Under Realistic Application Conditions
Authors: Lamboley Serge , Trachsel Alain , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLight‐sensitive 2‐oxoacetate‐derived polystyrene copolymers are investigated for the controlled release of fragrances. The stimuli‐responsive delivery systems are efficiently prepared in a two‐step reaction sequence. Simultaneous Friedel–Crafts acylation and cationic polymerization of styrene give access to 2‐oxoacetate‐derived polystyrenes in one step; the fragrance to be released is then introduced by organotin‐catalyzed transesterification in a second step. The performance of the copolymer conjugates releasing either individual fragrance raw materials or a fragrance mixture is evaluated by dynamic headspace analysis in the presence of surfactants on different substrates and compared with their non‐polymeric analogues. Direct and indirect deposition of the delivery systems onto cotton in a fabric softening application show that differences in performance are correlated with the amount of surface deposition. In the present study, the copolymer that releases a fragrance mixture performs better than the copolymers that release the corresponding fragrances individually and better than the respective non‐polymeric profragrances.
Assessing the robustness of multidecadal variability in Northern Hemisphere wintertime seasonal forecast skill
Authors: O'Reilly Christopher H. , Weisheimer Antje , MacLeod David , Befort Daniel J. , Palmer Tim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent studies have found evidence of multidecadal variability in Northern Hemisphere wintertime seasonal forecast skill. Here we assess the robustness of this finding by extending the analysis to a diverse set of ensemble atmospheric model simulations. These simulations differ in either the numerical model or type of initialisation and include atmospheric model experiments initialised with reanalysis data and free‐running atmospheric model ensembles. All ensembles are forced with observed sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea‐ice boundary conditions. Analysis of large‐scale Northern Hemisphere circulation indices over the Northern Hemisphere (namely the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Pacific/North American pattern and the Arctic Oscillation) reveals that in all ensembles there is larger correlation skill in late‐century periods than in mid‐century periods. Similar multidecadal variability in skill is found in a measure of total skill integrated over the whole extratropical region. Most of the differences in large‐scale circulation skill between the skilful late period (as well as the early period) and the less skilful mid‐century period seem to be due to a reduction in skill over the North Pacific and a disappearance of skill over North America and the North Atlantic. The results are robust across different models and different types of initialisation, indicating that the multidecadal variability in Northern Hemisphere winter skill is a robust feature of twentieth‐century climate variability. Multidecadal variability in skill therefore arises from the evolution of the observed SSTs, likely related to a weakened influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the predictable extratropical circulation signal during the middle of the twentieth century, and is evident in the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the different ensembles, particularly the larger ensembles.
A highly intuitive and ergonomic redundant joint master device for four‐degrees of freedom flexible endoscopic surgery robot
Authors: Ahn Jeongdo , Kim Joonhwan , Lee Hyunyoung , Hwang Minho , Kwon Dong‐Soo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies have been conducted on slave‐specific master devices with a similar kinematic structure to the slave to enhance intuitiveness. However, for the four‐degrees of freedom (DOFs) slave of a flexible endoscopic surgery robot, only four DOFs in the master device causes low ergonomic performance.MethodsTo enhance ergonomic performance, a second yaw joint was added as a redundant joint after considering the range of wrist motion and the workspace shape. Three experiments were performed to compare the intuitiveness and ergonomic performance of the proposed device with four‐DOFs slave‐specific and six‐DOFs general‐purpose master devices.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in terms of intuitiveness performance between the slave‐specific and the general‐purposed master device. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in ergonomic performance between the master devices with redundant joint.ConclusionsCompared with a general‐purpose master device, the proposed one exhibited noticeably improved intuitiveness performance and comparable ergonomic performance.