bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A functional connection between translation elongation and protein folding at the ribosome exit tunnel in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rodríguez-Galán Olga , García-Gómez Juan J , Rosado Iván V , Wei Wu , Méndez-Godoy Alfonso , Pillet Benjamin , Alekseenko Alisa , Steinmetz Lars M , Pelechano Vicent , Kressler Dieter , de la Cruz Jesús 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Proteostasis needs to be tightly controlled to meet the cellular demand for correctly de novo folded proteins and to avoid protein aggregation. While a coupling between translation rate and co-translational folding, likely involving an interplay between the ribosome and its associated chaperones, clearly appears to exist, the underlying mechanisms and the contribution of ribosomal proteins remain to be explored. The ribosomal protein uL3 contains a long internal loop whose tip region is in close proximity to the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center. Intriguingly, the rpl3[W255C] allele, in which the residue making the closest contact to this catalytic site is mutated, affects diverse aspects of ribosome biogenesis and function. Here, we have uncovered, by performing a synthetic lethal screen with this allele, an unexpected link between translation and the folding of nascent proteins by the ribosome-associated Ssb-RAC chaperone system. Our results reveal that uL3 and Ssb-RAC cooperate to prevent 80S ribosomes from piling up within the 5′ region of mRNAs early on during translation elongation. Together, our study provides compelling in vivo evidence for a functional connection between peptide bond formation at the peptidyl transferase center and chaperone-assisted de novo folding of nascent polypeptides at the solvent-side of the peptide exit tunnel.
Molecular underpinnings of ssDNA specificity by Rep HUH-endonucleases and implications for HUH-tag multiplexing and engineering
Authors: Tompkins Kassidy J , Houtti Mo , Litzau Lauren A , Aird Eric J , Everett Blake A , Nelson Andrew T , Pornschloegl Leland , Limón-Swanson Lidia K , Evans Robert L , Evans Karen , Shi Ke , Aihara Hideki , Gordon Wendy R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Replication initiator proteins (Reps) from the HUH-endonuclease superfamily process specific single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) sequences to initiate rolling circle/hairpin replication in viruses, such as crop ravaging geminiviruses and human disease causing parvoviruses. In biotechnology contexts, Reps are the basis for HUH-tag bioconjugation and a critical adeno-associated virus genome integration tool. We solved the first co-crystal structures of Reps complexed to ssDNA, revealing a key motif for conferring sequence specificity and for anchoring a bent DNA architecture. In combination, we developed a deep sequencing cleavage assay, termed HUH-seq, to interrogate subtleties in Rep specificity and demonstrate how differences can be exploited for multiplexed HUH-tagging. Together, our insights allowed engineering of only four amino acids in a Rep chimera to predictably alter sequence specificity. These results have important implications for modulating viral infections, developing Rep-based genomic integration tools, and enabling massively parallel HUH-tag barcoding and bioconjugation applications.
Why Temperature Screening for Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Noncontact Infrared Thermometers Does Not Work
Authors: Wright William F , Mackowiak Philip A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 screening can evaluate large numbers of patients while reducing healthcare exposures and limiting further spread of the virus. Temperature screening has been a focal point of case detection during the pandemic because it is one of the earliest and most frequently reported manifestations of the illness. We describe important factors to consider of screened individuals as well as the measurement process and current outcomes. Optimal temperature-based screening involves both individual and environmental factors as well as reconsideration of the current fever threshold.
Impact of Rejection of Low-Quality Wound Swabs on Antimicrobial Prescribing: A Controlled Before–After Study
Authors: Marchand-Senécal Xavier , Brasg Ian A , Kozak Robert , Elligsen Marion , Vermeiren Christie , Corbeil Antoine J , Barker Kevin R , Katz Kevin , Powis Jeff E , Gold Wayne L , Leis Jerome A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this controlled before–after study, wound swabs were only processed for culture, identification, and susceptibility testing if a quality metric, determined by the Q score, was met. Rejection of low-quality wound swabs resulted in a modest decrease in reflexive antibiotic initiation while reducing laboratory workload and generating few clinician requests.
The Addition of Real-time Ultrasound Visual Feedback to Manual Facilitation Increases Serratus Anterior Activation in Adults With Painful Shoulders: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: McKenna Leanda J , Bonnett Luke , Panzich Kelly , Lim Jacinta , Hansen Snorre K , Graves Anna , Jacques Angela , Williams Sian A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
Serratus anterior (SA) muscle activation may be decreased with subacromial pain syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of real-time ultrasound (RTUS) visual feedback increased activation of SA in adults with painful shoulders in comparison to manual facilitation alone.

Methods
This assessor-blinded, 2-period, randomized cross-over trial was conducted in a university medical imaging laboratory. Adults with mild-moderate unilateral subacromial pain received both interventions in random order with at least 1-week washout between interventions. Fourteen participants were randomized to receive manual facilitation with RTUS first, and 13 were randomized to receive manual facilitation alone first. Fifteen repetitions of a supine ``serratus punch'' were facilitated by RTUS visual feedback with manual facilitation or by manual facilitation alone. Levels of SA activation via surface electromyography were normalized to a maximum voluntary isometric contraction.

Results
A total of 25 participants completed the full trial of both interventions. Data from 25 participant periods for RTUS with manual facilitation and data from 26 participant periods for manual facilitation only were analyzed. The predicted marginal mean difference between interventions was 55.5% (95% CI = 13.9% to 97.1%) in favor of the addition of RTUS feedback. No adverse effects occurred.

Conclusion
RTUS visual feedback increases SA activation in adults with painful shoulders compared with manual facilitation alone.

Impact
Determining if RTUS can improve SA muscle activation may help clinicians improve physical therapist interventions for subacromial pain syndrome.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the medical care and health-care behaviour of patients with lupus and other systemic autoimmune diseases: a mixed methods longitudinal study
Authors: Sloan Melanie , Gordon Caroline , Harwood Rupert , Lever Elliott , Wincup Chris , Bosley Michael , Brimicombe James , Pilling Mark , Sutton Stephen , Holloway Lynn , D’Cruz David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim was to explore the self-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes to care and behaviour in UK patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, to help ensure that patient experiences are considered in future pandemic planning.

Methods
This was a longitudinal mixed methods study, with a cohort completing baseline surveys in March 2020 and follow-up surveys in June 2020 (n = 111), combined with thematic analysis of the LUPUS UK forum and participant interviews (n = 28).

Results
Cancellations of routine care and difficulties in accessing medical support contributed to some participants deteriorating physically, including reports of hospitalizations. The majority of participants reported that fear of COVID-19 and disruptions to their medical care had also adversely impacted their mental health. Feeling medically supported during the pandemic was correlated with multiple measures of mental health and perceptions of care, including the Warwick–Edinburgh mental well-being score (r = 0.44, P = 0.01). Five themes were identified: detrimental reduction in care; disparities in contact and communication (medical security vs abandonment sub-theme); perceived and actual endangerment; the perfect storm of reduced clinician ability to help and increased patient reticence to seek help; and identifying the patients most vulnerable to reduced medical care.

Conclusion
The diversion of resources away from chronic disease care was perceived by many participants to have caused adverse outcomes. Fear about increased vulnerability to COVID-19 was high, contributing to health-care-avoidant behaviours. This study also highlights the influence of clinician accessibility and patients feeling medically supported on multiple measures of physical and mental health.
Transesophageal echocardiography for perioperative management in thoracic surgery
Authors: Kim Kevin K. , Krause Martin , Brandes Ivo F. , Khanna Ashish K. , Bartels Karsten 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is most often employed during cardiac surgery. This review will summarize some of the recent findings relevant to TEE utilization during thoracic surgical procedures.

Recent findings
Hemodynamic monitoring is a key component of goal-directed fluid therapy, which is also becoming more common for management of thoracic surgical procedures. Although usually not required for the anesthetic management of common thoracic surgeries, TEE is frequently used during lung transplantation and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Few clinical studies support current practice patterns, and most recommendations are based on expert opinion.

Summary
Currently, routine use of TEE in thoracic surgery is often limited to specific high-risk patients and/or procedures. As in other perioperative settings, TEE may be utilized to elucidate the reasons for acute hemodynamic instability without apparent cause. Contraindications to TEE apply and have to be taken into consideration before performing a TEE on a thoracic surgical patient.
Association of Leptin and Dried Fruit Mix and Nuts With Craving During Smoking Cessation
Authors: Silva Thayzis d.P. , Gomes Arthur d.S. , de Melo Marcela M. , de Oliveira Taillan M. , Galil Arise G.d.S. , Percegoni Nathércia , Fonseca Vilma A.d.S. , Bastos André N. , de Aguiar Aline S. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess dried fruit mix and nuts and their effect on craving associated with the serum leptin of tobacco smokers.

Materials and Methods:
This is a clinical intervention study with a nonprobabilistic sample (n=23). The intervention group (IG) received 30 g of dried fruit and mix, and the control group (CG) received standard interventions. Test craving was analyzed using the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU-Brief). Serum leptin was assessed at the beginning and after 3 weeks. The data was tested using the SPSS program through the Shapiro-Wilk, unpaired Student t, or Mann-Whitney tests and multivariate linear regression.

Results:
The study showed significant difference between initial and final weights and body mass indices. The IG showed a high degree of smoking dependence. The IG showed reduced craving. In the CG, median serum leptin levels showed increased craving in the second and third weeks.

Conclusions:
Our results establish that craving decreased among smokers only in the IG. In the CG, above-median serum leptin levels reported a greater sense of pleasure in the second week. And in the third week, they experienced difficulties maintaining abstinence.
Comparison of Two-level Cervical Disc Replacement Versus Two-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Doan Matthew K. , Chung Andrew S. , Makovicka Justin L. , Hassebrock Jeffrey D. , Polveroni Thomas M. , Patel Karan A. 
Published: December 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of two-level cervical disc replacement (CDR) in the outpatient setting.

Summary of Background Data.
Despite growing interest in CDR, limited data exist evaluating the safety of two-level CDR in the outpatient setting.

Methods.
The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried for all two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and CDR procedures between 2015 and 2018. Demographics, comorbidities, and 30-day postoperative complication rates of outpatient two-level CDR were compared to those of inpatient two-level CDR and outpatient two-level ACDF. Radiographic data are not available in the NSQIP.

Results.
A total of 403 outpatient CDRs were compared to 408 inpatient CDRs and 4134 outpatient ACDFs. Outpatient CDR patients were older and more likely to have pulmonary comorbidities compared to inpatient CDR (P < 0.03). Outpatient CDR patients were less likely to have an American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥2 and have hypertension compared to outpatient ACDF patients (P < 0.0001). Outpatient CDR had a lower 30-day readmission rate (0.5% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.02) and lower 30-day reoperation rate (0% vs. 1%, P = 0.047) compared to inpatient CDR. Outpatient CDR had a lower readmission rate (0.5% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.03) compared to outpatient ACDF, but there was no difference in reoperation rates between the two procedures (0% vs. 0.8%, P = 0.07). Outpatient CDR had an overall complication rate of 0.2%, inpatient CDR had a complication rate of 0.9%, and outpatient ACDF had a complication rate of 1.3%. These differences were not significant.

Conclusion.
To our knowledge, this is the largest multicenter study examining the safety of two-level outpatient CDR procedures. Outpatient two-level CDR was associated with similarly safe outcomes when compared to inpatient two-level CDR and outpatient two-level ACDF. This suggests that two-level CDR can be performed safely in the outpatient setting.

Level of Evidence: 3
Current and future landscape of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition resistance
Authors: Hinchcliff Emily , Chelariu-Raicu Anca , Westin Shannon N. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
To highlight relevant strategies to overcome poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor resistance and present key clinical trials.

Recent findings
The use of PARP inhibition (PARPi) for frontline maintenance offers substantial clinical benefit in patients with homologous recombination-deficient tumors. However, expanding PARPi from recurrent therapy to frontline maintenance may potentially result in more PARPi resistant tumors earlier in the treatment continuum and data for the use of PARPi after PARPi remain limited. Clinical evidence demonstrates tumors may develop resistance to PARPi through demethylation of the BRCA promoter or BRCA reversion mutations. Multiple clinical trials investigating therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance, such as combinations of PARPi with antiangiogenic drugs, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, or MEK inhibitors have already been reported and more are ongoing. Furthermore, increasing the amount of DNA damage in the tumor using chemotherapy or cell cycle inhibitors such as ATM, ATR/CHK1/WEE1 is also under exploration.

Summary
There is increasing clinical interest to identify options to enhance PARPi efficacy and overcome adaptive resistance. PARPi represent a class of drugs that have significantly impacted the treatment and maintenance of ovarian cancer; as the use of PARPi increases, better understanding of resistance mechanisms is essential.
Neck-to-height ratio and arterial stiffness in Chinese adults: cross-sectional associations in a community-based cohort
Authors: Yang Xulong , Chen Shuohua , Zhou Zhe , Qiu Yumin , Zhang Jianning , Wu Yuntao , Xing Aijun , Huang Zhe , Xu Shiyue , Wu Shouling , Tao Jun 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between neck-to-height ratio (NHR) and arterial stiffness in adults from a community-based Chinese cohort in a cross-sectional study.

Methods:
We conducted cross-sectional analysis using data from the Kailuan study, a population-based cohort research. Altogether, 18 972 individuals were included in the analysis. Brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), anthropometric indexes and cardiovascular risk factors were recorded. Data were analyzed by multiple lineal regression model.

Results:
NHR was positively associated with baPWV after adjusted for age, sex, blood pressure, heart rate, BMI, waist–hip ratio, current smoking, fasting blood glucose, serum cholesterol, uric acid, high-sensitivity C reactive protein and creatinine clearance (β = 5.76, P < 0.001), while the association of neck circumference and baPWV was NS after adjusting the variables mentioned above. In subgroups analysis, the association between NHR and baPWV did not reach statistical significance in female, while in males, the association was significant. Interaction effects were observed among BMI stratifications and the individuals with metabolic syndrome and history of cardiovascular events (P for intereaction = 0.002, 0.038 and 0.003, respectively).

Conclusion:
The current study demonstrated for the first time that NHR was positively associated with baPWV in community-based population, NHR might be a promising independent predictor for cardiovascular disease.
CHANGES IN SUBFOVEAL CHOROIDAL THICKNESS AFTER INTRAVITREAL DEXAMETHASONE IMPLANT THERAPY FOR DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Moon Ka Young , Choi Shin Young , Song Ji Hun 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To investigate changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and their relationship with best-corrected visual acuity and optical coherence tomography parameters after intravitreal dexamethasone implant injection for diabetic macular edema.

Methods:
Eighty-one eyes treated with dexamethasone implant injection for diabetic macular edema were evaluated for best-corrected visual acuity, central macular thickness, SFCT, and optical coherence tomography parameters at baseline and Weeks 7 and 14.

Results:
The mean baseline SFCT significantly decreased at Weeks 7 (P < 0.001) and 14 (P < 0.001). At Week 7, each 1-µm reduction in central macular thickness and five Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (−0.1 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) improvement were associated with SFCT reductions of 0.09 (P = 0.002) and 3.91 (P = 0.044) µm, respectively. At Week 14, each 1-µm reduction in central macular thickness was associated with a 0.14-µm reduction in SFCT (P < 0.001). Eyes with good functional and anatomical responses exhibited significantly greater SFCT reductions. Subretinal fluid resulted in greater SFCT changes (P = 0.039) and better best-corrected visual acuity (P = 0.033) at Week 7. A continuous ellipsoid zone/interdigitation zone layer was associated with a smaller mean SFCT at Week 7 (P = 0.002) and better best-corrected visual acuity at Weeks 7 and 14 (both, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Changes in SFCT after dexamethasone implant injection therapy for diabetic macular edema may predict anatomical and functional outcomes and correlate with optical coherence tomography features that are known as predictors of treatment response.
NEOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS FROM CYTOMEGALOVIRUS NECROTIZING RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS AFTER HAPLOIDENTICAL HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Long Ze , Hou Jing , Miao Heng 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To report the incidence and clinical features of neovascular complications from cytomegalovirus (CMV) necrotizing retinopathy in patients after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Methods:
Thirty-nine patients (58 eyes) of CMV necrotizing retinopathy after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in our institute between January 2018 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, and cases that developed neovascular complications during follow-up were identified and described.

Results:
Two (2 eyes) cases that developed neovascular glaucoma from CMV necrotizing retinopathy were identified. Both of them manifested as granular peripheral retinitis, panretinal occlusive vasculitis, and some degree of intraocular inflammation, which were consistent with chronic retinal necrosis. Insidious progression of isolated immune-mediated occlusive vasculitis that could only be observed on fundus fluorescein angiography without active retinitis or intraocular inflammation was recognized to be the cause in one of two cases.

Conclusion:
Neovascular glaucoma developed in 5.1%/cases and 3.4%/eyes complicated by CMV chronic retinal necrosis and vasculitis in patients after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which warrants the needs for long-term follow-up. Immune-mediated CMV vasculitis could be an isolated manifestation in patients with a minimal immune deviation and may only be found on fundus fluorescein angiography, which emphasizes the importance of fundus fluorescein angiography on a regular basis during follow-up.
A New Technique of Pars Plana Vitrectomy With Microinterventional Nucleus Disassembly to Reduce the Energy of Fragmatome Lensectomy for Posteriorly Dislocated Crystalline Lens Removal
Authors: Jimenez Jorge A. , Yanoga Fatoumata , Ohr Matthew P. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To describe a novel technique of lens disassembly in posteriorly dislocated crystalline lens removal.

Methods:
A microinterventional microfilament loop device was introduced through the sclerotomy created for the fragmatome to cleave the lens into smaller, manageable pieces.

Results:
Five cases were performed with this technique with improved visual acuity and no complications.

Conclusion:
The use of microinterventional nucleus disassembly during pars plana vitrectomy for retained lens material is a novel approach with potential advantages including decreased operating time and reduced complications secondary to excessive production of ultrasound energy.
Canaloplasty and trabeculotomy ab interno with the OMNI system combined with cataract surgery in open-angle glaucoma: 12-month outcomes from the ROMEO study
Authors: Hirsch Louis , Cotliar Jeremy , Vold Steven , Selvadurai Deepan , Campbell Anita , Ferreira Gabriel , Aminlari Ardalan , Cho Andrew , Heersink Sebastian , Hochman Michael , Gallardo Mark , Williamson Blake , Phan Ryan , Nelson Cade , Dickerson Jaime E. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To provide safety and effectiveness outcomes 12 months postsurgically for sequential canaloplasty and trabeculotomy with the OMNI system combined with cataract surgery in mild-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Setting:
Eleven ophthalmology practices and surgery centers located in 8 U.S. states.

Design:
Retrospective, multicenter, single arm.

Methods:
Twelve surgeons contributed 81 patients meeting eligibility criteria: OAG, 12-month follow-up, and medicated intraocular pressure (IOP) 36 mm Hg or less on 4 or less medications preoperatively. Analysis was stratified by baseline IOP: more than 18 mm Hg (Group 1) and 18 mm Hg (Group 2) or less. Success was defined as proportion with 20% reduction or greater in IOP or IOP between 6 and 18 mm Hg (inclusive) and on the same or fewer medications without secondary surgical intervention (SSI). Other endpoints included mean IOP and medications at 12 months. Safety included corrected distance visual acuity and adverse events (AEs).

Results:
Of the 81 patients included, primary success was met by 79% in Group 1 and 81% in Group 2. The mean IOP was reduced in Group 1 (21.9 to 15.1 mm Hg, P < .0001) and remained controlled in Group 2 (14.1 to 13.4 mm Hg, P = .3177). Medications went from 2.0 ± 1.3 to 1.1 ± 1.1 in Group 1 and from 1.6 ± 1.3 to 0.9 ± 1.2 in Group 2. AEs were typical for cataract or angle surgery: mild inflammation (11%), IOP spikes (5%), and hyphema (4%). Four patients (5%) required an SSI.

Conclusions:
The OMNI system provided effective IOP reduction, sustained IOP control, and meaningful medication reduction for up to 12 months postoperative.