bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of BMI on complications rate, reoperation and functional outcome after Total Knee Arthroplasty, A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Abdelmegied W S , Sallam A M , Ahmed M M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose The body mass index (BMI) is widely recognized as a prognostic factor in multiple operations; however, the relationship between the BMI and outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is extensively debated. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the BMI at different cutoff values on the outcomes following primary TKA.
Methods Electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase and Web of Science) were systematically searched for studies investigating the association between the BMI and outcomes following primary TKA. Two investigators independently reviewed studies for eligibility. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.2 software from the Cochrane Collaboration.
Results Thirteen articles were identified. The postoperative Knee Society Score appeared to trend lower in obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/ m2) patients than in non-obese (BMI &lt; 30 kg/m2) patients. The meta-analysis showed that revision with follow-up ≥2 years, any infection, superficial infection and deep vein thrombosis occurred statistically more frequently in obese patients.
Conclusion Patients with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 are at a higher risk of lower functional scores and developing complications following primary TKA. It appears reasonable to encourage obese patients to lose weight before selective TKA.
Transgenic snail approach for the control of schistosomiasis
Authors: Tawfeek G M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains the most important tropical snail-borne trematodiasis that threatens many millions of human lives. In achieving schistosomiasis elimination targets, sustainable control of the snail vectors represents a logical approach. Nonetheless, the ineffectiveness of the present snail control interventions emphasizes the need to develop new complementary strategies to ensure more effective control outcomes. Accordingly, the use of genetic techniques aimed at driving resistance traits into natural vector populations has been put forward as a promising tool for integrated snail control. The use of CRISPR/Cas9 based snail modification strategy appears fascinating and potentially effective. However, this approach is currently still underdeveloped in snail molecular research. This review provides knowledge related to this genetic technique without neglecting the current existing gaps and trying to identify ways to bypass potential future challenges, all are requisites for achieving this promising snail control strategy.
Nanotechnology and Its Applications to Medicine: an over view
Authors: Ibrahim H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Nowadays there are more interesting with nanotechnology and its applications in several sectors specially in medicine for diagnoses, therapeutic and research biomedical tools. It can be defined as any process or technique used to produce material in nano-scale structure with particle size ranged from 1-100 nm. The utilization of nanotechnology in human health benefits known as nano medicine. So that nanotechnology has firmly entered the drug delivery realm to maximize drug therapeutic activity and minimize its undesirable side effects. Herein we deal with both nanoparticles and nano-fibers and their applications in medical field. Nano-particles have unique properties from its small size with high surface area therefore it provides larger than particle numbers from that prepared with convention methods. In addition, nanoparticles can be used to improve various drug bio-availability from its biodegradability and bio-compatibility. Nano-fibers have huge surface area to volume ratio which increase its performance in several applications. Nano-fiber produced via electrospinning process (simple and have high production rate). It can be used in many applications such as water filtration, tissue engineering scaffold, wounds, fiber composites, drug release and protective clothes.
Is there a benefit of vitamin D supplementation in deficient children and adolescents suffering from obesity? A meta-analysis
Authors: Nassar M F , Emam E K , Allam M F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background and objectives
Both childhood obesity and vitamin D deficiency are common in the Middle East. This systematic review/meta-analysis aims to highlight the effect of vitamin D supplementation in deficient children suffering from obesity.

Methods
Published clinical studies on vitamin D supplementation in obese children and adolescents with vitamin D deficiency were identified through a comprehensive MEDLINE/PubMed search (from July 1966 to November 2017). Outcomes intended after vitamin D supplementation were improvements in vitamin D status, BMI alterations and appetite changes. The inclusion criteria were children aged 2 to 18 years of both sexes in clinical trials that specified the oral and/or intramuscular dose of vitamin D supplementation.

Results
Ten studies were retrieved, but only six were relevant. First, supplemented obese children and adolescents were compared to non-obese controls; thereafter, supplemented obese children and adolescents were compared to matching obese peers given placebo. Pooled risks from the two studies that evaluated the number of obese and non-obese children and adolescents who improved upon vitamin D supplementation revealed that obesity poses a risk for not benefiting from the vitamin D supplementation regardless of the dose and the duration of supplementation. Pooled results from the six retrieved studies that compared supplemented obese children and adolescents to matching non-obese or obese peers given placebo revealed significantly lower vitamin D levels in obese participants than in non-obese peers.

Conclusion
Vitamin D levels are significantly lower in obese children and adolescents with obesity, posing a risk for not benefiting from vitamin D supplementation regardless of the dose and duration of supplementation. Our results suggest that only with simultaneous weight adjustment strategies, vitamin D sufficiency would be achieved more effectively.
Vitamin D supplementation in deficient children suffering from obesity.
A Typical Features of Fibroadenoma, Correlation between Ultrasound and Pathology
Authors: Hanafy H M , Naser H M , Ahmed N A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Fibroadenomas (FAD) are benign tumors composed of stromal and epithelial elements. These tumors are commonly seen in young women. Multiple or complex fibroadenomas may indicate a slightly increased risk for breast cancer.

Aim of the Work
To assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in atypical fibroadenoma.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective study was approved by Ain Shams radiology department. On the basis of results of core needle or excisional surgical biopsy, we retrospectively identified 40 consecutive patients between October 2017 and October 2018 with the diagnosis of fibroadenoma.

Results
In our study, we found that The mean age in the simple fibroadenoma group was 29 years (range 18-49), and in the complex fibroadenoma group, it was 38 years (range 17-62) which represents statistically significant difference between the two groups (P =.021).

Conclusion
Complex fibroadenomas showed some characteristics that could help in differentiating them from their simple counterparts, namely, an irregular shape, noncircumscribed contours, a complex echo structure. The awareness of these distinguishing features could help radiologists decide which fibroadenomas should be sampled.
Survey of females at school age group between 10-15 years old to study the prevalence of ovarian cysts among them using pelvic ultrasound
Authors: Abdelhameed A M , Khater N H , Ahmed S A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Ovarian cyst is a common gynecological problem.The great majority of ovarian cysts are asymptomatic functional (physiological) cysts with simple appearance and small size. Ultrasonography (US) is the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of cystic ovarian lesions in adolescent females.

Aim of the Work
To document ovarian cyst frequency and characteristics in females at school age group between 10-15 years old to study the prevalence and characteristics of ovarian cysts among them.

Patient and Methods
Our study was done on 52 girls aged between 10-15 years old presented and referred to our Radio-diagnosis department at Mataria teaching hospital from different outpatient clinics for pelvic US examination in a period of six months from May 2018 to November 2018.

Results
In our study the mean age 12.87±1.79, while age of start of menstruation (menarche) ranged from 10-14 with mean value 11.94±0.88. Regarding their menstrual pattern, girls with regular menstruation were (65.6 %) while those with irregular menstruation were (34.4%). Ovarian cystic lesions were founded in 9 girls (17.3%) while 43girls (82.7%) have normal ovaries. Simple ovarian cyst was the most frequent lesion which was seen in 8 girls(15.4%) followed by hemorrhagic cyst in one girl (1.9%).

Conclusion
Cystic lesions of the ovary are a common gynecological finding. They are very common and mostly benign during adolescence. Many ovarian cysts are asymptomatic and found incidentally on routine pelvic examination.
The validity of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells (TREM-1) in diagnosis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Abdelmonsef W , Abdelkader N A , Ismail G A , Elgaafary M M , Abdelrazek Y A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Without early antibiotic treatment, this complication is associated with a 30-50% mortality rate. Recently we have evaluated the validity and utility of ascitic fluid triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) levels for the diagnosis of SBP.

Patients and Methods
This was a Prospective case control study conducted on 60 patients with chronic liver disease and ascites divided into two group, group 1 (control) 30 patients without SBP and group 2 (SBP) 30 patients, admitted to the Tropical Medicine Department with ascites due to chronic liver disease. All patients were subjected to full history taking and clinical examination full laboratory investigations including complete blood picture liver and renal profiles, C reactive protein, viral markers, abdominal ultrasound, UGI endoscopy and ascitic fluid sampling for biochemical testing, total and differential cell count, microbiological culture and TREM-1 level.

Results
There was high statistical significant difference between the two groups in the base level of TREM-1 in which the mean was 1280 pg/ml (1136.9) with level range between (580---4500pg/ml) in SBP versus mean 129.9 pg/ml (51.9) with level range between (60-250pg/ml) in the control group. Also there was a statistical significant difference in the level of TREM-1 before and after treatment in the SBP patients in which the mean of TREM-1 before treatment was 1280.6 pg/ml (1136.9) with level range between (580-4500pg/ml) versus mean 376.2 pg/ml (78.4) and level range between (260-560 pg/ml) after the treatment.

Conclusion
our data indicate that the measurement of ascitic fluid TREM-1 is rapid, easy and valid test in the diagnosis and follow up of chronic liver disease patients with SBP.
Evaluation of Intra-Detrusor Injection of Botulinum A Toxin in Neurogenic Bladder in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mourad M S , Kamal K M , Nada M A , Fahmy A G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Early diagnosis and amelioration of lower urinary tract symptoms is a key focus in the management of multiple sclerosis. Untreated LUTS can lead to increased morbidity and mortality, for instance as a result of irreversible changes in the lower urinary tract itself, recurrent UTIs, renal stones, renal function impairment, and lowered HR-QoL.

Aim of the Work
to assess the effects of intradetrusor muscle injection of botulinum A toxin on urgency & urgency urinary incontinence, urodynamic variables, and quality of life in patients with MS and voiding dysfunction.

Patients and Methods
This prospective randomized control study was conducted on 40 patients recruited after signing a formal consent. The patients had been subjected to cystoscopy and intradetrusor injection of 200 U of botulinum A toxin, sparing the trigon, with consent to do CIC if needed. We had compared between the results of urodynamics and patients’ satisfaction before and after botulinum A toxin injection.

Results
The study showed highly statistically significant difference over the periods through UI episodes per week in the study group; In addition to significant reductions in UI, IDCs were absent at week 12 in approximately 65% of patients; and in those patients with an IDC, PdetmaxIDC decreased to levels traditionally considered safe for the upper urinary tract. Improved QOL scores were observed following onabotulinumtoxin A, and the mean change (26.07) was substantially higher than the reported minimally important difference.

Conclusion
in patients with UI in association with MS, the use of intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA after failure with antimuscarinics is efficacious and generally well tolerated and represents a valuable development in the management of UI in these patients. Intradetrusor onabotulinumtoxinA produces sustained improvement in symptoms and HR-QoL. Further studies of repeat injections over a longer time frame will be of considerable interest.
The classification of public research organizations: Taxonomical explorations
Authors: Cruz-Castro Laura , Martínez Catalina , Peñasco Cristina , Sanz-Menéndez Luis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article addresses, conceptually and empirically, the classification of public research organizations (PROs) understood as non-university and non-enterprise research-focused organizations that are public by nature or in which the government has an influence. The construction of archetypes of research performing organizations has been a standard method of analysis, as reflected in the Frascati Manual that guides national statistical offices to delineate the perimeter of the institutional sector of PROs. However, this practice has often overlooked the emergence of new types because traditional approaches to classification tend to characterize previously defined mutually exclusive categories, rather than allow evidence to reveal categories ex-post. This gives rise to a number of concerns related to the scientific validity of the classification of entities in the organizational field of research. The present article discusses conceptual and methodological issues associated with different classificatory strategies. It also presents the empirical results of a taxonomical exploration that allows the identification of categories not determined ex-ante. Our empirical strategy consists in applying clustering techniques on a number of organizational dimensions, chosen based on theoretical grounds and proxied by variables determined by data availability. We implement it on a pilot dataset of 197 research-focused organizations from eight different European countries.
Mapping heterogeneity in a research system: The emergence of a ‘hybrid’ organizational field between science and industry
Authors: Giachi Sandro , Fernández-Esquinas Manuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article analyses the diversification of research systems by focusing on the role of the new population of centres created by universities, public research organizations, and firms for the purpose of knowledge transfer and exchange. It departs from the mix of policies and the structural conditions in Spain which resulted in an organizational field frequently unnoticed in research evaluation exercises. An original methodology combining a map of centres and a survey has been used to observe their profiles, activities, and internal organization. This study highlights the role of hybrid research organizations in the system and the importance of institutionalization processes to shape their portfolio of activities and outcomes. In the conclusions, methodological and practical implications are provided for an understanding of the heterogeneity of research systems as a result of collaboration between academic science and industry.
Mergers and acquisitions in the public research sector. Toward a comprehensive typology
Authors: Heller-Schuh Barbara , Lepori Benedetto , Neuländtner Martina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
While the literature on firm mergers and acquisitions (M&A) is quite extensive, systematic approaches to analyze mergers in the public research sector are still scarce and focus only on the higher education sector. This article provides, for the first time, systematic empirical evidence on the extent and characteristics of M&A in public-sector research in Europe, by building on a novel dataset comprising demographic events since the year 2000. The goal of this study is to characterize such events in terms of organizations involved, types of events, and regional distribution. We find that M&A constituted a major change process within European public research. Nearly 400 events occurred in Europe between 2000 and 2016 with an increasing trend over time; M&A involved nearly one-fifth of public-sector research organizations and were geographically distributed across two-fifths of all European regions. Demographic events concerned primarily specialist institutions and to a larger extent public research entities and colleges. While the strong involvement of colleges was expected from the literature, for the first time we can show the extensive restructuring which took place in the public research entity sector. On the contrary, well known and prestigious university mergers, largely driven by the quest for international visibility, constituted only 10% of the events. Finally, we identified six broad groups of events characterized in terms of two dimensions, i.e. whether the involved organizations are active on the same or different markets and the extent of overlap between subject offerings.
Cortical Volume Differences in Subjects at Risk for Psychosis Are Driven by Surface Area
Authors: Buechler Roman , Wotruba Diana , Michels Lars , Theodoridou Anastasia , Metzler Sibylle , Walitza Susanne , Hänggi Jürgen , Kollias Spyros , Rössler Wulf , Heekeren Karsten 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In subjects at risk for psychosis, the studies on gray matter volume (GMV) predominantly reported volume loss compared with healthy controls (CON). However, other important morphological measurements such as cortical surface area (CSA) and cortical thickness (CT) were not systematically compared. So far, samples mostly comprised subjects at genetic risk or at clinical risk fulfilling an ultra-high risk (UHR) criterion. No studies comparing UHR subjects with at-risk subjects showing only basic symptoms (BS) investigated the differences in CSA or CT. Therefore, we aimed to unravel the contribution of the 2 morphometrical measures constituting the cortical volume (CV) and to test whether these groups inhere different morphometric features. We conducted a surface-based morphometric analysis in 34 CON, 46 BS, and 39 UHR to examine between-group differences in CV, CSA, and CT vertex-wise across the whole cortex. Compared with BS and CON, UHR individuals presented increased CV in frontal and parietal regions, which was driven by larger CSA. These groups did not differ in CT. Yet, at-risk subjects who later developed schizophrenia showed thinning in the occipital cortex. Furthermore, BS presented increased CSA compared with CON. Our results suggest that volumetric differences in UHR subjects are driven by CSA while CV loss in converters seems to be based on cortical thinning. We attribute the larger CSA in UHR to aberrant pruning representing a vulnerability to develop psychotic symptoms reflected in different levels of vulnerability for BS and UHR, and cortical thinning to a presumably stress-related cortical decomposition.
The role of 11C-methionine PET in patients with negative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: correlation with histology and molecular biomarkers in operated gliomas
Authors: Castello Angelo , Riva Marco , Fernandes Bethania , Bello Lorenzo , Lopci Egesta 
Published: May 2020

Objective
To compare 11C-methionine (11C-METH) PET with diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value in patients with glioma candidate to neurosurgery.

Methods
We collected and analyzed data from 124 consecutive patients (n = 124) investigated during preoperative work-up. Both visual and semiquantitative parameters were utilized for image analysis. The reference standard was based on histopathology. The median follow-up was 14.3 months.

Results
Overall, 47 high-grade gliomas (HGG) and 77 low-grade gliomas (LGG) were diagnosed. On visual assessment, sensitivity and specificity for differentiating HGG from LGG were 80.8 and 59.7% for DWI-MRI, versus 95.7 and 41.5% for 11C-METH PET, respectively. On semiquantitative analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 78.7, 71.4, and 80.4% for SUVmax, 78.7, 70.1, and 81.1% for SUVratio, and 74.5, 61, and 76.7% for MTB (metabolic tumor burden), respectively. In patients with negative DWI-MRI and IDH-wild type, SUVmax and SUVratio were higher compared to IDH-mutated (P = 0.025 and P = 0.01, respectively). In LGG, patients with 1p/19q codeletion showed higher SUVmax (P = 0.044). In all patients with negative DWI-MRI, median PFS was longer for SUVmax <3.9 (median not reached vs 34.2 months, P = 0.004), SUVratio <2.3 (median not reached vs 21.5 months, P < 0.001), and MTB <3.1 (median not reached vs 45.7 months, P = 0.05). In LGG patients with negative DWI-MRI, only SUVratio <2.3 and MTB <3.1 were associated with longer PFS (P = 0.016 and P = 0.024, respectively).

Conclusion:
C-METH PET was found highly sensitive for glioma differentiation and molecular characterization. In DWI-negative patients, PET parameters correlated with molecular profile were associated with clinical outcome.
Oleiliquidispirillum nitrogeniifigens gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Rhodospirillaceae isolated from oil reservoir water
Authors: Li Fang-Ling , Wang Xiao-Tong , Shan Jian-Jie , Li Shuai , Zhang Ya-Xi , Li Xi-Zhe , Li Dong-An , Li Wen-Jun , Wang Lei 
Published: May 2020

A novel Gram-staining-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium, designated strain 64-1T, was isolated from oil reservoir water collected from Liaohe oilfield, north-eastern China. Growth occurred at 15–55 °C and pH 6.0–10.0. The sole respiratory quinone was Q-10. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c /C18 : 1
ω6c), C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), an unidentified aminophospholipid (UAPL), an unidentified aminolipid (UAL) and two unidentified polar lipids (UPL). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain 64-1T was 64.5 mol%. Strain 64-1T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with

Phaeospirillum chandramohanii

JA145T (92.0 %) and

Telmatospirillum siberiense

26-4b1T (91.8 %). In the phylogenetic trees, the strain constituted a sub-cluster within the family

Rhodospirillaceae

. Based on the results of morphological, physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic analysis, strain 64-1T represents a new species of a novel genus within the family

Rhodospirillaceae

, for which the name Oleiliquidispirillum nitrogeniifigens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 64-1T (=CGMCC 1.16798T=LMG 31399T).