bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internalisasi Nilai-nilai Karakter Kebangsaan Melalui Literasi Budaya dan Kewarganegaraan di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Maimun Maimun , Sanusi Sanusi , Rusli Yusuf , Muthia Hema 
Published: April 2020

Fenomena generasi muda Indonesia acuh tak acuh pada budaya lokal dan cenderung mengidolakan budaya asing kian merebah. Hal ini terjadi kerana kurang pahamnya terhadap kebudayaan Indonesia serta hak dan tanggung jawab sebagai warga negara. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan proses pelaksanaan literasi budaya dan kewargaan di SMA se-Kota Banda Aceh, dan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai karakter kebangsaan apa saja yang terdapat dalam literasi budaya dan kewargaan di SMA se-Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dengan menggunakan instrumen wawancara sebagai alat pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses pelaksanaan literasi budaya dan kewargaan di SMA se-Kota Banda Aceh dapat dikategorikan dalam dua lingkup yaitu lingkup sekolah dan lingkup kelas. Di lingkup sekolah proses pelaksanaan literasi budaya dan kewargaan dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan-kegiatan yang memberi pemahaman tentang multikultural budaya serta pemahaman tentang hak dan kewajiban sebagai warga Negara. Sedangkan di lingkup kelas pelaksanaan literasi budaya dan kewargaan dilaksanakan melalui pembelajaran PPKn, di mana guru mengaitkan budaya dalam pembelajaran PPKn, membiasakan menyanyikan lagu nasional/daerah, mengunjungi pengadilan, DPR, dan LSM. 2) Nilai-nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam literasi budaya dan kewargaan adalah cinta tanah air, rasa ingin tahu, toleransi, semangat kebangsaan, tanggung jawab, dan disiplin.The phenomenon of Indonesian young generation is indifferent to local cultures and tends to be an idol of foreign cultures to spread. This is due to the lack of interest in Indonesian culture as well as the rights and responsibilities of citizens. The purpose of this research is to describe the process of implementing cultural literacy and citizenship in high school in Banda Aceh and to describe the values of any national character contained in cultural literacy and citizenship in high school in Banda Aceh. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, using an interview instrument as a data collection tool. The results of the study showed the implementation of cultural literacy and citizenship in high school in Banda Aceh can be categorized into two scopes, namely school scope, and class scope. In the scope of the school, the process of cultural literacy and citizenship is carried out through activities that give an understanding of cultural multicultural and understanding of rights and obligations as citizens of the state. While in the scope of the implementation of cultural literacy and citizenship conducted through the study of PPKn, where teachers associate the culture in the learning of PPKn, familiarize the singing of national/regional songs, visiting courts, DPR, and LSM. 2) Character values contained in cultural literacy and citizenship are a love of homeland, curiosity, tolerance, national spirit, responsibility, and discipline.
Raynaud Phenomenon: Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Fitriani  , Murti Citra Tresna , K Soenarto 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a chronic episodic attack of digital ischemia provoked by exposure to cold or emotional stres. This phenomenon affects 3-5% of the population, with female ratio more than men and is categorized into a primary and secondary form. Primary form of RP is idiopathic, meanwhile the secondary form is associated with underlying diseases and other condition such as connective tissue disease, obstructive arterial disease, neurologic disorders, drugs and toxin, hyperviscosity disorders, infections, endocrine disturbance, neoplasms, and occupation or environmental exposure. Until today, to classified and build the diagnosis of RP is still a clinical challenge. Therefore, a careful history and a physical examination, together with laboratory tests and nailfold capillaroscopy are mandatory. A combination of conservative measures and medications can help in the management of RP. The approach to the RP patients requires therefore a coordinated care of specialists including dermatology.
Separation Cum Pre-Concentration Technique for Determination of Uranium in Sea, Brine and Ground Water at Nano to Sub nanogram Levels
Authors: Gopal Leela , Hanuman V. V. , Chakrapani G. 
Published: April 2020

Investigations were carried out for separation/pre concentration of uranium from aqueous solutions of different TDS using Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC). Parameters like amount of PAC, contact time, pH, volume of solutions and reagents for desorption were optimized. The sorption of uranium is more than 95% at pH 4-5 using 0.5 gram PAC with a contact time of 10 minutes. The sorbed uranium on PAC is recovered using 0.8N HNO<sub>3</sub> and determined by LED Fluorimetry. Method was successfully applied to ground water, sea water and brine water. Methodology is simple, selective, cost effective with minimal skills. RSD of the method varies ± 6-14 %.
Kajian Dukungan Keahlian dan Staff Ahli di Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia
Authors: Alfath Tahegga Primananda 
Published: April 2020

Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 92/PUU-X/2012 dan dan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2014 tentang Majelis Pewmusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (UU MD3) menjadi babak baru dalam perkembangan Hukum Tata Negara di Indonesia, khususnya terhadap format kelembagaanya. Penguatan kewenangan DPD memiliki tantangan tersendiri dalam kondisi internalnya dalam hal ini adalah sumber daya manusianya (dukungan keahlian dan staff ahli). Jika kewenangan yang dimiliki DPD tidak dibarengi dengan kapabilitas DPD dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsi, maka sekuat apapun kewenangan yang dimiliki DPD akan menjadi hal yang percuma. Peningkatan kapabilitas DPD dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya menjadi sebuah wacana yang urgen untuk diteliti dan dikeluarkan solusi atas hal tersebut. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis-empiris, dengan maksud dan tujuan untuk menemukan fakta (fact-finding), kemudian diteruskan dengan menemukan masalah (problem-finding), kemudian mengidentifikasi masalah (problem-identification), dan kemudian mencari penyelesaian dari masalah (problem-solution). Maka pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan sosiologis. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-kualitatif, yaitu memberikan pemaparan peran dan fungsi DPD RI, kemudian kondisi kekinian anggota DPD RI dalam menjalankan peran dan fungsinya kemudian dianalisis dan dicari sebuah kesimpulan.
Kata Kunci: Kewenangan, Prinsip Check and Balances, Tugas dan Fungsi Dewan Perwakilan Daerah
СЛАВІК Ю. ШЛЯХ ДО АУШВІЦУ: ГОЛОКОСТ НА ЗАКАРПАТТІ. ДНІПРО: УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ІНСТИТУТ ВИВЧЕННЯ ГОЛОКОСТУ «ТКУМА», 2017. 156 с.
Authors: Barvinska Polina 
Published: April 2020

Останніми роками в серії «Українська бібліотека Голокосту» видано декілька праць про трагічну історію євреїв окремих регіонів та різних окупаційних зон України. Серед них і книжка молодого ужгородського дослідника Юрія Славіка про Голокост на Закарпатті. Праця Ю. Славіка є ще одним кроком в узагальненні історії Голокосту на Закарпатті й вивченні регіональних особливостей цієї трагедії на теренах України та засвідчує необхідність як подальшого дослідження низки питань, порушених у монографії, так і концептуального осмислення цієї теми на загальноукраїнському рівні з більш широкою європейською контекстуалізацією.
ОГЛЯД МІЖНАРОДНОГО ФОРУМУ «УКРАЇНА ПАМ’ЯТАЄ, СВІТ ВИЗНАЄ!»
Authors: Poberezny Gennadi 
Published: April 2020

Наприкінці листопада 2018 р. в київському Українському домі відбувся Міжнародний форум «Україна пам’ятає, світ визнає!» з нагоди 85-х роковин Голодомору. В його межах були проведені масштабні заходи: дводенний науковий симпозіум, акцію-реквієм у Національній опері України, меморіяльне засідання Верховної Ради та міжнародні збори в Мистецькому арсеналі за участю глав України та іноземних держав, а також жалобне вшанування жертв біля меморіяльного музею Голодомору. Учасники Форуму звертались до світової наукової спільноти та міжнародних правозахисних організацій із закликом визнати Голодомор злочином геноциду, який підпадає під визначення Конвенції ООН «Про запобігання злочину геноциду і покарання за нього» від 9 грудня 1948 р., як це вже було визнано Законом України у 2006 р. та цілою низкою держав світу.
GAMBARAN KEPATUHAN MINUM PADA PASIEN TB DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS KECAMATAN CIMAUNG
Authors: Herdiman Herdiman , Rahman Dian , Lindayani Linlin 
Published: April 2020

AbstrakLatarbelakang:Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit serius bukan hanya di Indonesia tetapi di Dunia.Kepatuhan minum obat adalah indikator keberhasilan yang sangat penting untuk kesembuhan pasien TB selama 6-9 bulan dimana pasien harus minum obat non stop, akan tetapi di Indonesia masih banyak kasusÂ drop outÂ dengan berbagai alasan seperti efek samping obat, kurang dukungan keluarga, sosial ekonomi dalam pengobatan pasien TB.Tujuan:ujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi prevalensi kepatuhan minum obat anti tuberculosis pada pasien TB di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Cimaung.Â Metode:Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penderita TB Paru dari April 2019 sebagai pasien di Puskesmas Cikalong dan di Puskesmas Cimaung. Untuk pemilihan sampel pada penelitian ini mengacu kepadaÂ Non Probability SamplingjenisÂ total Sampling.kepatuhan minum obat, diukur dengan menggunakan instrument yaituÂ Medication Morisky Adherence ScaleÂ (MMAS-8).Â Hasil:Â didapatkan prevalensi kepatuahan minum oabat anti tuberkulosis (OAT) dengan hasil responden dengan tingkat kepatuhan sebanyak 54% patuh, 40% kurang patuh, dan 6% responden tidak patuh.Â Kesimpulan:puskesmas mengadakan penyuluhan secara rutin tentang penyakit TB paru terutama tentang cara penularan dan pencegahannya kepada masyarakat. Perawat dan kader kesehatan diharapkan lebih rutin melakukan kunjungan terutama kepada pasien yang tidak patuh, sehingga pasien dapat terhindar dariÂ drop outpengobatan.Â Â
GAMBARAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT ARV PADA ANAK DENGAN HIV/AIDS
Authors: Srinatania Dewi , Sukarya Doni , Lindayani Linlin 
Published: April 2020

Latar belakang:Penyakit HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) merupakan suatu penyakit yang terus berkembang dan menjadi masalah global. Permasalahan dalam pengobatan HIV/AIDS adalah ARV, di mana obat ini hanya untuk menekan replikasi virus, Penelitian klinik menunjukkan bahwa penderita yang mengikuti aturan pengobatan dan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan dengan teratur, umumnya obat-obat akan bekerja dengan baik. Kenyataannya, beberapa dokter mengatakan bahwa hanya separuh pasiennya menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Salah satu faktor penting yang perlu diperhatikan adalalah kepatuhan pasien.Â Tujuan:Â Mengetahui gambaran kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien anak penderita HIV/AIDS.Â Metode:Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam. Data akan dianalisis menggunakan perspektif konstruksionis dengan asumsiÂ memahami kenyataan melalui cerita, menerima pengalaman terjadi secara naratif, dan cerita berasal dari konstruksi dan persepsi peristiwa. Hasil: Hasil wawancara mendalam gambaran kepatuhan minum obat ARV pada anak dengan HIV/AIDS,Â Â medapatÂ Â 3 tema. Tema tersebut adalah alasan mengkonsumsi obat terus-menerus dipertanyakan, percaya atau believ terhadap efektifitas ARV. Dukungan keluarga.Â Kesimpulan:Setelah dilakukan proses wawancara mendalam kepada 4 partisipan didapatkan 3 tema,yaitu alasan mengkonsumsi obat terus-menerus dipertanyakan, percaya atau believ terhadap efektifitas ARV danÂ Â Dukungan keluarga.
The Prevalence and Context of Alcohol Use, Problem Drinking and Alcohol-Related Harm among Youth Living in the Slums of Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Swahn Monica H. , Culbreth Rachel , Salazar Laura F. , Tumwesigye Nazarius Mbona , Jernigan David H. , Kasirye Rogers , Obot Isidore S. 
Published: April 2020

Background. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the prevalence and context of alcohol use, problem drinking and alcohol-related harm among boys and girls in the slums of Kampala, Uganda. Methods. The Kampala Youth Survey is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014 among youth (ages 12–18 years) living in the slums of Kampala (n = 1133) who were participating in Uganda Youth Development Link (UYDEL) centers. Chi-square tests were used to determine differences in alcohol use behaviors between 1) gender (boys vs. girls), and 2) alcohol use behaviors between problem drinkers and non-problem drinkers, stratified by gender. Results. Among all participants (n = 1133), the prevalence of any alcohol use in the past 12 months was 31% (n = 346). A higher percentage of girl drinkers reported having sex in the past month, without a condom (57.9%) due to alcohol consumption, compared to boy drinkers (41.9%) ( χ 2 = 8.09, df = 1, p = 0.005). For girl and boy drinkers, nearly half (49.5% and 44.1%, respectively) met the criteria for problem drinkers, measured using the Cut-Annoyed-Guilty-Eye-Opener (CAGE) questionnaire. Conclusions. The high prevalence of alcohol use and problem drinking among youth, as well as alcohol-related harm, warrant urgent alcohol prevention and intervention strategies, particularly among these underserved girls.
مفهوم الحق وإعادة تأسيس علم المقاصد في الإسلام
Authors: صالح محمد المجذوب محمد 
Published: April 2020

معنى "الحق" في معناه القرآني الشامل لم يكن في علم الأصول ومقاصد الشريعة شيئاً مذكوراً، إلّا كمعنى شارح لمعنى المصلحة عند علماء المقاصد في إطار تحقيق مقاصد الدين العليا، بل ظلت هذه المساحة حكراً وبامتياز لمعنى "المصلحة" مرسلة أو استقرائية؛ أي إن مقصد الحق كان حاضراً كمعنى إجرائي أوجدته الحاجة إلى تجسيد الأحكام الشرعية والعقائد الدينية، وتبتغيه الاجتهادات والاستنباطات للأحكام التفصيلية في نطاق ما حدده الأصوليون من حقوق وواجبات ومسؤوليات فردية وجماعية. باعتبار أن الفكر المقاصدي، لم ينشغل بمعنى "الحق" كمؤسس لفقه المقاصد العليا للقرآن الكريم، بوصفه القيمة العليا التي تحكم مقاصد الفعل الإرادي للمكلفين، باعتباره قيمة الأحكام الكلية، التي يجب أن تسايرها الحياة الإسلامية في جميع مناحي عمرانها المختلفة الأوجه، ومن ثم تضع لها السُّنن والآليات المناسبة لتفعيلها كمنظومة قيمية وتنميتها لتحقيق "الحق" على صفحة الواقع.
ولذلك فإن هذه الورقة تعرض للعناية الكبيرة التي توليها الرؤية القرآنية لمعنى "الحق"، إلى درجة تأسيسها لمنظومة المقاصد الإنسانية عليه، فمعنى "الحق" في السياقات القرآنية يغطي مناحي الحياة المختلفة، إلى درجة تمكننا من القول: بأن مقاصد "القرآن" هي مقاصد "الحق". وهو التوجه العلمي الذي نرجو أن يشق طريقاً آخر في فقه المقاصد في اللحظة التي نتتبع فيها مقاصد القرآن الكريم ودلالتها الأم.
مقصد إصلاح العقل في القرآن وتجليات العقلانية في العلوم الشرعية
Authors: خلفي وسيلة 
Published: April 2020

لقد كان حفظ العقل مقصداً ظاهراً في القرآن الكريم منذ نزوله مخاطباً بالعقيدة الإسلامية في الله والكون والحياة، وبأحكام الشَّريعة في كلّياتها وجزئياتها، مستثيراً في الإنسان التفكير السليم، وحاثاً على التدبّر والتّفكّر طريقاً للوصول إلى الحقائق التي أودعها الله في خلقه. وعلى أساس العقل السَّليم والتَّفكير السّديد تأسّست العلوم الشرعية خادمة للوحي، ثم ظلّت تتزايد وتتشعّب إلى أن استقرّت قضاياها ووُضعت فيها الدّواوين والكتب المختلفة عبر الزّمان والمكان.
وشكّلت تلك العلوم أهم تجلّيات العقل المسلم الذي تشرّب الوحي، على الرغم من إمكان ورود أنواع من النّقد لتلك العلوم، كما لا يخلو منه الجهد البشري.
تبرز الورقة جانب الحفظ الوجودي لمقصد إصلاح العقل في القرآن الكريم من خلال جهود الأصوليين في التأسيس لعلم أصول الفقه، كما تبرز تجليات مقصد إصلاح العقل في الفكر الأصولي قديماً وحديثاً من خلال دعوات التجديد لهذا العلم.
MANFAAT YANG DIDAPATKAN MAHASISWA DALAM MENGIKUTI INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION (IPE) DENGAN PENDEKATAN CASE STUDY
Authors: Fakhriatul Falah  
Published: April 2020

Background: To deal with problem sarising from miscommunication between health professions, good collaboration between health workers must beim proved through Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC). Improvementof IPC can bed one by introduc in go ther professions and collaboration systems since education period in campus through Interprofessional Education (IPE). In health polytechnic, IPE still a newthing in academicstage, andstill not implementedwell. IPE culture must beimproved in health institution so that collaboration ability of the student will formed before they entranced work climate. One formof IPE implementation can bed one through case study approach between students with different majors. Purpose: This study aims to explore benefits of students in participating in IPE with a case study approach. Methods: this study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological method approach. The sample used was 12 informantsobtained through purposive sampling method. The student who agreed to be informant in theresearch, was involved in IPE simulation through case study. Student divided into small group discussion consisted of different majors, i.enursing majors, nutrision ist majors and midwifery majors. After simulation finished, the studen tasked about their experienced during simulation activity. Result; Through the maticanalysis , wefound 4 the mesaccording to experience during IPE simulation; Cooperation and mutual understanding between professions, Imporved Problem Solving and Team Decision Making Ability, enlarge scientific knowledgeandeliminating professional selfishness or egoism. Conclusion; IPE with a case study approach can provide great benefits in increasing the ability of students to collaborate between different majors in solving patient health problems so that their implementation needs to be improved in thepre-clinical stage and during clinical practice.
Mobile or Web-Based Intervention for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Nofalia Ifa , Wibowo Suhendra Agung 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Smoking is the most preventable cause of illness and premature death worldwide. Because of the danger of smoking, smoker must try to quit smoking. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of mobile or web-based intervention on smoking cessation program.
Methods: This study was used systematic review with literature search using online reference databases such as ProQuest, ScienceDirect and SCOPUS. The keywords that used in this research was mobile intervention, phone intervention, apps intervention, web-based intervention, and smoking cessation. This study included randomized controlled trial studies with mobile or web-based intervention for smoking cessation program.
Results: Twenty-five RCTs showed intervention groups with mobile or web-based had better affect to stop smoking than control groups or comparison groups.
Conclusion: Smoking cessation is also influenced by the focusing of mobile or web-based intervention provided. Thus, providing information about the strengths and the effect of therapy is important.
High-resolution Spectroscopy of the GD-1 Stellar Stream Localizes the Perturber near the Orbital Plane of Sagittarius
Authors: Bonaca Ana , Conroy Charlie , Hogg David W. , Cargile Phillip A. , Caldwell Nelson , Naidu Rohan P. , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Speagle Joshua S. , Johnson Benjamin D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The 100° long thin stellar stream in the Milky Way halo, GD-1, has an ensemble of features that may be due to dynamical interactions. Using high-resolution MMT/Hectochelle spectroscopy we show that a spur of GD-1-like stars outside of the main stream are kinematically and chemically consistent with the main stream. In the spur, as in the main stream, GD-1 has a low intrinsic radial velocity dispersion,

, is metal-poor, [Fe/H] ≈ −2.3, and has little intrinsic spread in the [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] abundances, which point to a common globular cluster progenitor. At a fixed location along the stream, the median radial velocity offset between the spur and the main stream is smaller than 0.5

, comparable to the measurement uncertainty. A flyby of a massive, compact object can change orbits of stars in a stellar stream and produce features like the spur observed in GD-1. In this scenario, the radial velocity of the GD-1 spur relative to the stream constrains the orbit of the perturber and its current on-sky position to ≈5000 deg2. The family of acceptable perturber orbits overlaps the stellar and dark-matter debris of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy in present-day position and velocity. This suggests that GD-1 may have been perturbed by a globular cluster or an extremely compact dark-matter subhalo formerly associated with Sagittarius.
The Low Earth Orbit Satellite Population and Impacts of the SpaceX Starlink Constellation
Authors: McDowell Jonathan C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
I discuss the current low Earth orbit artificial satellite population and show that the proposed “megaconstellation” of circa 12,000 Starlink Internet satellites would dominate the lower part of the Earth orbit, below 600 km, with a latitude-dependent areal number density of between 0.005 and 0.01 objects per square degree at airmass <2. Such large, low-altitude satellites appear visually bright to ground observers, and the initial Starlinks are naked-eye objects. I model the expected number of illuminated satellites as a function of latitude, time of year, and time of night and summarize the range of possible consequences for ground-based astronomy. In winter at lower latitudes typical of major observatories, the satellites will not be illuminated for six hours in the middle of the night. However, at low elevations near twilight at intermediate latitudes (45°–55°, e.g., much of Europe) hundreds of satellites may be visible at once to naked-eye observers at dark sites.
Apolipoprotein E Triggers Complement Activation in Joint Synovial Fluid of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients by Binding C1q
Authors: Vogt Leonie M. , Kwasniewicz Ewa , Talens Simone , Scavenius Carsten , Bielecka Ewa , Ekdahl Kristina N. , Enghild Jan J. , Mörgelin Matthias , Saxne Tore , Potempa Jan , Blom Anna M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We identified apolipoprotein E (ApoE) as one of the proteins that are found in complex with complement component C4d in pooled synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Immobilized human ApoE activated both the classical and the alternative complement pathways. In contrast, ApoE in solution demonstrated an isoform-dependent inhibition of hemolysis and complement deposition at the level of sC5b-9. Using electron microscopy imaging, we confirmed that ApoE interacts differently with C1q depending on its context; surface-bound ApoE predominantly bound C1q globular heads, whereas ApoE in a solution favored the hinge/stalk region of C1q. As a model for the lipidated state of ApoE in lipoprotein particles, we incorporated ApoE into phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine liposomes and found that the presence of ApoE on liposomes increased deposition of C1q and C4b from serum when analyzed using flow cytometry. In addition, posttranslational modifications associated with RA, such as citrullination and oxidation, reduced C4b deposition, whereas carbamylation enhanced C4b deposition on immobilized ApoE. Posttranslational modification of ApoE did not alter C1q interaction but affected binding of complement inhibitors factor H and C4b-binding protein. This suggests that changed ability of C4b to deposit on modified ApoE may play an important role. Our data show that posttranslational modifications of ApoE alter its interactions with complement. Moreover, ApoE may play different roles in the body depending on its solubility, and in diseased states such as RA, deposited ApoE may induce local complement activation rather than exert its typical role of inhibition.