bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind and wave extremes associated with tropical‐like cyclones in the Mediterranean basin
Authors: Patlakas Platon , Stathopoulos Christos , Tsalis Christos , Kallos George 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Mediterranean Sea is a basin with intense cyclonic activity. The multidimensional impact of such weather events on human life enhances the need and highlights the importance for further research. In this framework, there is a great interest for the development, evolution and impacts of tropical‐like cyclones in the basin (medicanes). Besides their scientifically appealing features, their extremity and presence in a populated region with intense coastal activities can lead to social, natural and financial implications. The purpose of this work is the characterization of the risk exposed areas by this type of cyclones alongside their intensity and recurrence interval in terms of wind and wave parameters. In order to consider more than the strict and direct effects of the medicane vicinity, the extremes have been studied in radii greater than the typical cyclonic one and during all stages of the cyclone lifecycle. A high‐resolution, wind‐wave coupled modelling system is employed for the simulation of documented medicanes during a 25‐year period. Results from both the atmospheric and wave model are processed while different extreme indices and extreme value methodologies are utilized for the quantification of their likelihood of occurrence. It is found that risk exposed areas are mainly located in central and Western Mediterranean with wind and wave characteristics to have similar spatial distributions. Higher frequency and extreme values are present in the south of France (Gulf of Lion). In addition to the scientific interest regarding the results of the present study, useful information can be extracted in different sectors such as transportation routes, offshore economic activities, civil protection, early warning systems and reinsurance.
Porphyrin‐conjugated silver‐coated gold nanostars for ultrasensitive detection and multiplexing
Authors: Benavides Leandro N. , Moreno M. Sergio , Murgida Daniel H. , Castro María A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere, we propose the use of silver‐coated gold nanostars as the basis for a multiplex sensing system based on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)/surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) ultrasensitive detection of porphyrins using a 532 nm laser excitation. By modifying the synthetic parameters, we were able to shift the plasmon peak to an optimized position for SERS enhancement of 540 nm for silver‐coated gold nanostars, estimating a SERS enhancement factor around 4.6 × 105. Furthermore, we show high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) images and electron energy‐loss (EEL) spectra of silver‐coated gold nanostars, which provide solid experimental proof on the proposed silver coating mechanism. Finally, we compare the multiplex performance of common reporters such as cyanines and malachite green with the performance of covalently bound porphyrins and show the superiority of the latter. We studied the multiplex detection capabilities of the system with three different porphyrins. By deconvoluting a mixture spectrum into individual porphyrin spectra, we were able to determine the relative concentration of porphyrins with an average error of 3.1%.
Modeling the effect of simultaneous use of allyl isothiocyanate and cinnamaldehyde on high hydrostatic pressure inactivation of Uropathogenic and Shiga toxin‐producingEscherichia coli in ground chicken
Authors: Chuang Shihyu , Sheen Shiowshuh , Sommers Christopher H , Sheen Lee‐Yan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA combination of high‐pressure processing (HPP) and antimicrobials is a well‐known approach for enhancing the microbiological safety of foods. However, few studies have applied multiple antimicrobials simultaneously with HPP, which could be an additional hurdle for microbial inactivation. The present study applied a full factorial design to investigate the impact of HPP (225–325 MPa; 10–20 min), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) (0.3–0.9 g kg–1) and trans‐cinnamaldehyde (tCinn) (1.0–2.0 g kg–1) on the inactivation of Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) in ground chicken meat.RESULTSThe regulatory requirement of 5‐log reduction was achieved at 305 MPa, 18 min, 0.8 g kg–1 AITC and 1.7 g kg–1 tCinn for STEC O157:H7 and at 293 MPa, 16 min, 0.6 g kg–1 AITC and 1.6 g kg–1 tCinn for UPEC, as specified by response surface analysis and verified via experiments. The surviving population was eliminated by post‐treatment storage of 9 days at 10 °C. The developed linear regression models showed r2 > 0.9 for the E. coli inactivation. The developed dimensionless non‐linear regression models covered a factorial range slightly wider than the original experimental limit, with probability Pr > F (< 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSimultaneous use of AITC and tCinn reduced not only the necessary concentration of each compound, but also the intensity of high‐pressure treatments, at the same time achieving a similar level of microbial inactivation. STEC O157:H7 was found to be more resistant than UPEC to the HPP‐AITC‐tCinn stress. The developed models may be applied in commercial application to enhance the microbiological safety of ground chicken meat. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Long noncoding RNA HOTTIP promotes the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer through the regulation of the miR‐615‐3p/SMARCE1 pathway
Authors: Wu Hong , Wei Hong‐Yan , Chen Qian‐Qian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUpregulation of lncRNA HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP) plays important roles in cancer progression. Nevertheless, its functions in the growth and metastasis of ovarian carcinoma are unknown. In this study, we demonstrated overexpression of HOTTIP in ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical tissues. Further, we showed that higher level of HOTTIP was associated with poor survival of ovarian cancer patients. Notably, HOTTIP silencing restrained proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of ovarian carcinoma cells. On the other hand, upregulation of HOTTIP remarkably exacerbated the aggressive traits of ovarian carcinoma cells. In addition, HOTTIP served as a sponge of miR‐615‐3p to upregulate SMARCE1 level. Further, upregulation of miR‐615‐3p or downregulation of SMARCE1 reversed the carcinogenic impacts of HOTTIP in ovarian cancer. HOTTIP and miR‐615‐3p expression levels in ovarian cancer cells were negatively correlated, whereas HOTTIP and SMARCE1 expression levels were positively correlated. In nude mice, downregulation of HOTTIP reduced cell growth in vivo. In summary, lncRNA HOTTIP promotes the growth and metastatic phenotypes of ovarian cancer via regulating miR‐615‐3p/SMARCE1 pathway.
The deubiquitinase USP34 stabilizes SOX2 and induces cell survival and drug resistance in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dai Wei‐Li , Yuan Shu‐Xian , Cao Jing‐Peng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent studies showed that the deubiquitinase ubiquitin‐specific protease 34 (USP34) was involved in the tumorigenesis of several tumors, but its function and mechanism are still unclear in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In this study, we found that USP34 and SOX2 were elevated in LSCC tumor tissues, and we also found that USP34 expression was positively correlated with SOX2 expression. Our further studies showed that USP34 regulated the protein level of SOX2 in LSCC cells, but not the mRNA level, which suggested that USP34 stabilized SOX2. Moreover, USP34, as a deubiquitinase, could interact with SOX2, and reduce the polyubiquitination of SOX2. In addition, knockdown of USP34 could significantly inhibit LSCC cell growth, but overexpression of SOX2 could reverse this effect. Finally, we also found that USP34 and SOX2 were upregulated in cisplatin‐resistant LSCC cells, but knockdown of USP34 could enhance the drug sensitivity of cisplatin in the resistant cells. Collectively, targeting USP34/SOX2 axis may be a promising strategy for the treatment of LSCC.
Win–win path for ecological restoration
Authors: Cao Shixiong , Xia Chengqi , Li Weiming , Xian Junli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEcosystem degradation is a major cause of poverty, and poverty further aggravates ecosystem degradation through a feedback known as the 'poverty trap' that can prevent sustainable socioeconomic development in ecologically fragile areas. However, most ecological restoration programmes have failed to improve the lives of residents of the targeted areas because planners failed to understand the driving forces behind the poverty trap. Finding the threshold conditions for the poverty trap, which represent the conditions when the current state of a system changes to a new and inferior state, can help managers to avoid triggering the poverty trap in ecologically fragile areas. To avoid crossing the threshold, it's necessary to understand the driving mechanisms responsible for the poverty trap so that managers can break the vicious cycle that undermines the effectiveness of ecological restoration. China's ecological restoration has shown that integrating ecological restoration with measures that provide a sustainable livelihood for residents of programme areas can achieve the win–win goal of ecological restoration and poverty alleviation. We found preliminary evidence that there is an income threshold for the poverty trap, and that raising incomes above this level may help residents of restoration areas escape the trap. The examples described in this paper provide valuable guidance for other countries that must achieve similar goals.
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Impairs Triglyceride Clearance via Androgen Receptor in Male Mice
Authors: Palmisano Brian T. , Anozie Uche , Yu Sophia , Neuman Joshua C. , Zhu Lin , Edington Emery M. , Luu Thao , Stafford John M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElevated postprandial triacylglycerols (TAG) are an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Men have higher plasma TAG and impaired TAG clearance compared to women, which may contribute to sex differences in risk of cardiovascular disease. Understanding mechanisms of sex differences in TAG metabolism may yield novel therapeutic targets to prevent cardiovascular disease. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a lipid shuttling protein known for its effects on high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Although mice lack CETP, we previously demonstrated that transgenic CETP expression in female mice alters TAG metabolism. The impact of CETP on TAG metabolism in males, however, is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that CETP expression increases plasma TAG in males, especially in very‐low density lipoprotein (VLDL), by impairing postprandial plasma TAG clearance compared to wild‐type (WT) males. Gonadal hormones were required for CETP to impair TAG clearance, suggesting a role for sex hormones for this effect. Testosterone replacement in the setting of gonadectomy was sufficient to restore the effect of CETP on TAG. Lastly, liver androgen receptor (AR) was required for CETP to increase plasma TAG. Thus, expression of CETP in males raises plasma TAG by impairing TAG clearance via testosterone signaling to AR. Further understanding of how CETP and androgen signaling impair TAG clearance may lead to novel approaches to reduce TAG and mitigate risk of cardiovascular disease.
Self‐Assembly of Porous Microstructured Polydimethylsiloxane Films for Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Yang Yujue , Jing Titao , Xu Bingang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a green energy harvester, can harvest mechanical energy from human motion to electric energy to be applied in wearable electronics and sensor network. Porous materials played an important role in enhancing electric performance of TENG. In this paper, Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is used as a self‐reactive agent to modify Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to form a self‐assembled porous structure (PDMS‐N10 film) through the difference in temperature between PDMS pre‐curing and AIBN decomposition. The PDMS‐N10‐based TENG exhibits a 2.5‐fold and 2.7‐fold improvement in output voltage and current as compared with PDMS without modification respectively. In addition, 116 light‐emitting diodes could be lighted up and 22 µF capacitor is charged. The TENG is also used as a sensor or trigger device for sensing the movements of elbow, knee, wrist, or finger, which can be applied in wearable devices because of the flexibility and durability as well as low cost.
Mechanical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene/ Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposites
Authors: Gao Qingsen , Feng Mingjie , Li En , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu , Liu Xianhu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, a novel nanocomposite is prepared via a melt blending of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets pretreated with polyethylene glycol. It is found that the tensile strength and elongation at break increased by 41.2% and 15.4% at MXene loading values of 0.5 wt%. The addition of MXene slightly increases the crystalline speed of TPU, and effectively hinders the transfer of small gas molecules at high temperatures. The storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity of TPU nanocomposites increase with the increasing MXene content at low frequency. The results demonstrate that the mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of TPU nanocomposites can be effectively improved by MXene nanomaterials.
Nutritional Lipids and Mucosal Inflammation
Authors: Wawrzyniak Paulina , Noureddine Nazek , Wawrzyniak Marcin , Lucchinetti Eliana , Krämer Stefanie D. , Rogler Gerhard , Zaugg Michael , Hersberger Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation in the intestine. Given their role in regulation of inflammation, long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) represent a potential supplementary therapeutic approach to current drug regimens used for IBD. Mechanistically, there is ample evidence for an anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolution effect of long‐chain n‐3 PUFAs after they incorporate into cell membrane phospholipids. They disrupt membrane rafts and when released from the membrane suppress inflammatory signaling by activating PPAR‐γ and free fatty acid receptor 4; furthermore, they shift the lipid mediator profile from pro‐inflammatory eicosanoids to specialized pro‐resolving mediators. The allocation of long‐chain n‐3 PUFAs also leads to a higher microbiome diversity in the gut, increases short‐chain fatty acid‐producing bacteria, and improves intestinal barrier function by sealing epithelial tight junctions. In
line with these mechanistic studies, most epidemiological studies support a beneficial effect of long‐chain n‐3 PUFAs intake on reducing the incidence of IBD. However, the results from intervention trials on the prevention of relapse in IBD patients show no or only a marginal effect of long‐chain n‐3 PUFAs supplementation. In light of the current literature, international recommendations are supported that adequate diet‐derived n‐3 PUFAs might be beneficial in maintaining remission in IBD patients.
Estimating vertebral bone marrow fat unsaturation based on short‐TE STEAM MRS
Authors: Syväri Jan , Ruschke Stefan , Dieckmeyer Michael , Hauner Hans H. , Junker Daniela , Makowski Marcus R. , Baum Thomas , Karampinos Dimitrios C. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeTo define a metric for the separability between water and olefinic fat peaks that defines a threshold beyond which the extraction of the olefinic fat peak from vertebral bone marrow short‐echo time‐stimulated echo acquisition mode MRS at 3T is feasible when using a constrained peak fitting based on the triglyceride fat model.MethodsThe water and olefinic peak height difference was defined as a metric for quantifying the separability of water and olefinic fat peaks. Fat unsaturation was determined using an unconstrained olefinic peak fitting and a constrained fitting of all fat peaks to the triglyceride model. The agreement between the two peak‐fitting methods was used to define a threshold on water and olefinic peak height difference separating two groups (A and B), based on L5 short‐echo time‐stimulated echo acquisition mode (TE = 11 ms) spectra from 252 subjects measured at 3T.ResultsA threshold on water and olefinic peak height difference was defined. Group A with a good agreement of the olefinic fat peak between the two peak‐fitting methods showed a mean number of double bounds = 2.95 ± 0.21, a mean number of methylene‐interrupted double bounds = 0.94 ± 0.16 and also a significantly lower coefficient of variation for all fatty acid composition parameters compared to group B (p < .001). The water and olefinic peak height difference value showed an inverse association with fat fraction.ConclusionA threshold of a metric quantifying the separability of the water peak and the olefinic fat peaks was defined for the estimation of the vertebral bone marrow fat unsaturation from short‐echo time‐stimulated echo acquisition mode MRS. The proposed methodology shows that the assessment of vertebral bone marrow unsaturation is feasible with a short‐echo time‐stimulated echo acquisition mode MRS in subjects with a higher fat fraction.
Efficacy and safety of high infusion rate IVIG in CIDP
Authors: Jiang Yue , Mendoza Meg , Sarpong Evelyn , Mannan Shabber , Ng Eduardo , Katzberg Hans , Bril Vera , Barnett Carolina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to determine the safety and tolerance of higher rates of infusion of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).MethodsPatients began infusions with 10% IVIG at the standard rate of 0.08 mL/kg/min. If tolerated, infusion rates were incrementally increased to 0.14 mL/kg/min. We considered the frequency of infusions with adverse events (AEs) as the primary outcome.ResultsNineteen of 25 patients safely tolerated the maximum rate of 0.14 mL/kg/min. We observed 25 treatment‐related AEs (TAEs) over 13 infusions at standard or transitional rates, across seven patients. We observed no TAEs associated with the maximum infusion rate.ConclusionsWe found that 10% IVIG can be safely administered at a high infusion rate (0.14 ml/kg/min) in most CIDP patients, reducing the treatment time and burden on healthcare resources.
Modern Challenges to Gastrointestinal Nutrition Physicians and the Nutrition Support Team: Cautionary Tales and Call to Action
Authors: Palmer Lena B. , Limketkai Berkeley N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe current climate of healthcare economics in the United States has imposed unprecedented market stressors on health institutions traditionally providing tertiary care to those with the most challenging healthcare needs. In such a stressed financial atmosphere, administrators look to streamline costs and cut margins as tightly as possible. This often results in restructuring, consolidating, or closing service lines that are perceived as unprofitable or unsupportable. Nutrition support often falls into this category because of few sources of direct revenue‐generating activities and poor reimbursement from third‐party payers. This article discusses the challenges to modern nutrition support teams, particularly those with gastroenterologists as physician leaders, and delineates market forces that need shifting to continue to make this a viable part of the healthcare system.
No room for failure: Investigating board leadership in nonprofit executive transitions
Authors: Stewart Amanda J. , Adams Thomas H. , McMillian Dennis , Burns Julia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNonprofit boards are responsible for hiring executives, but may approach the task with limited guidance or experience. Evidence of a board's leadership during a transition is found in their recruitment job ad or the announcement they make about the new executive's appointment. Yet, we have limited empirical evidence of what happens behind closed doors as a transition is initiated and decisions are made. This study implemented a paired survey approach among a group of 94 organizational cases and their board members who recently were involved in a nonprofit executive transition. An initial survey was distributed when the board was in the midst or recently emerged from a transition, and a follow‐up was distributed a year later. Taken together, this descriptive, exploratory study offers insights about how boards face the daunting task of a leadership transition, including what boards prioritize for a transition's outcome and executive recruits, the reasons for the approach they take in fulfilling this governance responsibility, and the outcomes derived from the transition. The findings inform propositions to advance research on board governance at this critical juncture for nonprofits.
Saudi nursing students’ pain management knowledge and attitudes
Authors: Shdaifat Emad , Al‐Shdayfat Noha , Sudqi Abdallah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the level and identify predictors of nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes of pain management.DesignA cross‐sectional design was used to analyse nursing students’ knowledge and attitudes about pain management, with the Knowledge and Attitude Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP).MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a convenient sample of Saudi nursing students. A total of 193 nursing students from a nursing school at a Saudi university completed the questionnaires.ResultsThe student mean knowledge of pain management was 42.6 (SD 9.1) . The items answered correctly most frequently concerned pain medication and administration. On the other hand, the most commonly incorrect items were mainly related to assessment and pharmacological interventions. Logistic regression analysis found that gender was significantly associated with level of knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management.
How we approach Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and young adults
Authors: Slayton William B. , Schultz Kirk R. , Silverman Lewis B. , Hunger Stephen P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTreatment for children with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia has changed radically over the past 20 years. This type of leukemia used to have dismal prognosis, but today cure rates have improved with combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as imatinib or dasatinib, with hematopoietic stem cell transplant reserved for patients who are at high risk based on slow response to therapy or who relapse. Treating these patients can be challenging particularly if they are not enrolled on a clinical trial. Here, we describe our approach to these patients.