bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASK1 inhibition: a therapeutic strategy with multi-system benefits
Authors: Ogier Jacqueline M. , Nayagam Bryony A. , Lockhart Paul J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstractp38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38α and β) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK1, 2, and 3) are key mediators of the cellular stress response. However, prolonged P38 and JNK signalling is associated with damaging inflammatory responses, reactive oxygen species–induced cell death, and fibrosis in multiple tissues, such as the kidney, liver, central nervous system, and cardiopulmonary systems. These responses are associated with many human diseases, including arthritis, dementia, and multiple organ dysfunctions. Attempts to prevent P38- and JNK-mediated disease using small molecule inhibitors of P38 or JNK have generally been unsuccessful. However, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), an upstream regulator of P38 and JNK, has emerged as an alternative drug target for limiting P38- and JNK-mediated disease. Within this review, we compile the evidence that ASK1 mediates damaging cellular responses via prolonged P38 or JNK activation. We discuss the potential benefits of ASK1 inhibition as a therapeutic and summarise the studies that have tested the effects of ASK1 inhibition in cell and animal disease models, in addition to human clinical trials for a variety of disorders.
Labordiagnostik bei chronisch‑entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
Authors: Hauer Almuthe Christine 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Labordiagnostik hat sowohl im empfohlenen initialen „work up“ bei Verdacht auf eine chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankung (CED) wie auch für das Monitoring des Krankheitsverlaufs und des Therapieansprechens einen klar umrissenen Stellenwert: Mithilfe der „Basislaborparameter“ wie z. B. Blutkörperchensenkungsgeschwindigkeit (BSG) können krankheitsspezifische Aktivitätsindizes erstellt werden, und neue serologische Marker (u. a. ANCA [„antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies“], ASCA [„anti-saccharomyces cerevisiaeantibodies“]) dienen der ergänzenden Differenzierung der CED-Entitäten. Derzeit dürfte das Stuhl-Calprotectin – als am weitreichendsten untersuchter fäkaler Inflammationsmarker – v. a. aufgrund der hohen Sensitivität initial und zur Einschätzung der Krankheitsaktivität der relativ beste Surrogatmarker sein. Nach wie vor ist aber die endoskopisch-histopathologische Evaluierung nicht nur für die Diagnose unabdingbar, sondern auch bezüglich des erklärten Therapieziels des „mucosal healing“, also im Rahmen der präzisen Verlaufsdokumentation. Der Entwicklung weniger invasiver „Biomarker“, die möglichst gut mit dem Schleimhautbefund korrelieren, kommt besondere Bedeutung zu, um die derzeit oft noch notwendige invasive Reevaluierung verringern zu helfen. Wie die Wertigkeit sowohl in der Routine etablierter, aber auch neuer, teils experimentell angewandter serologischer, fäkaler und funktioneller Laborparameter bzw. -tests einzuschätzen ist, und welche diagnostischen Methoden in Erprobung sind, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag erläutert.
Engineering vertically interrogated interferometric sensors for optical label-free biosensing
Authors: Casquel Rafael , Holgado Miguel , Laguna María F. , Hernández Ana L. , Santamaría Beatriz , Lavín Álvaro , Luca Tramarin  , Herreros Pedro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, we review the technology of vertically interrogated optical biosensors from the point of view of engineering. Vertical sensors present several advantages in the fabrication processes and in the light coupling systems, compared with other interferometric sensors. Four different interrelated aspects of the design are identified and described: sensing cell design, optical techniques used in the interrogation, fabrication processes, fluidics, and biofunctionalization of the sensing surface. The designer of a vertical sensor should decide carefully which solution to adopt on each aspect prior to finally integrating all the components in a single platform. Complexity, cost, and reliability of this platform will be determined by the decisions taken on each of the design process. We focus on the research and experience acquired by our group during last years in the field of optical biosensors.
The punched-out tissue complex (skin-bone ”imprimatum“) in shots from captive-bolt guns: does it act as a secondary projectile?
Authors: Geisenberger Dorothee , Giorgetti Arianna , Glardon Matthieu , Große Perdekamp Markus , Pollak Stefan , Pircher Rebecca 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFrom the first half of the twentieth century to the present day, injuries and fatalities from captive-bolt livestock stunners are a major topic in forensic medicine. The vast majority of cases account for suicides with the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions being the most common sites of entrance (in descending order of frequency). Due to the limited length of the bolt, the corresponding wound channel within the braincase is only several centimeters long. It has been a controversial subject for a long time, whether the skin-bone complex punched out by the conically grooved end of the steel rod may act as a “secondary projectile” being propelled beyond the actual path of the bolt. To answer this question, experimental shots from various types of captive bolt-guns were fired to simulants. Video-documentation employing a high-speed motion camera showed that the punched-out pieces of skin and bone did not move further than the bolt. Thus, a secondary extension of the total wound channel could not be observed. However, the suction effect caused by the bolt’s rearward movement may induce a slight retrograde displacement of the skin-bone complex.
“Genome Editing” vor dem EuGH und seine Folgen
Authors: Andersen Elisabeth , Schreiber Katharina 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht die Reaktionen, die auf das EuGH-Urteil C-528/16 vom 25.7.2018 zur Anwendbarkeit
der Europäischen Freisetzungsrichtlinie 2001/18/EG auf sogenannte Genomeditierungsverfahren im Rahmen
der Grünen Gentechnologie erfolgt sind. Seit der Verkündung des Urteils im Juli 2018 wurde es
umfassend und zum Teil auch höchst kritisch aus naturwissenschaftlicher, rechtswissenschaftlicher und
wirtschaftlicher Perspektive beleuchtet und bewertet. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, einen Überblick
über die unterschiedlichen Reaktionen zu geben und wesentliche Kritikpunkte aufzuzeigen. Damit soll
die Bedeutung des Urteils im Rahmen der Diskussion um die Regulierung der Grünen Gentechnik eingeschätzt
und bewertet werden.
Lethal and sublethal effects of toxicants on bumble bee populations: a modelling approach
Authors: Banks J. E. , Banks H. T. , Myers N. , Laubmeier A. N. , Bommarco R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPollinator decline worldwide is well-documented; globally, chemical pesticides (especially the class of pesticides known as neonicotinoids) have been implicated in hymenopteran decline, but the mechanics and drivers of population trends and dynamics of wild bees is poorly understood. Declines and shifts in community composition of bumble bees (Bombusspp.) have been documented in North America and Europe, with a suite of lethal and sub-lethal effects of pesticides on bumble bee populations documented. We employ a mathematical model parameterized with values taken from the literature that uses differential equations to track bumble bee populations through time in order to attain a better understanding of toxicant effects on a developing colony of bumble bees. We use a delay differential equation (DDE) model, which requires fewer parameter estimations than agent-based models while affording us the ability to explicitly describe the effect of larval incubation and colony history on population outcomes. We explore how both lethal and sublethal effects such as reduced foraging ability may combine to affect population outcomes, and discuss the implications for the protection and conservation of ecosystem services.
Naive Russellians and Schiffer’s Puzzle
Authors: Rinner Stefan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeo-Russellians like Salmon and Braun hold that: (A) the semantic contents of sentences are structured propositions whose basic components are objects and properties, (B) names are directly referential terms, and (C) a sentence of the form ‘n believes that S’ is true in a context c iff the referent of the name n in c believes the proposition expressed by S in c. This is sometimes referred to as ‘the Naive Russellian theory’. In this talk, I will discuss the Naive Russellian theory primarily in connection with a problem known as Schiffer’s puzzle. Schiffer first presented the puzzle as an argument against the Naive Russellian theory. Schiffer’s argument proceeds in two steps. In step one, Schiffer argues that the Naive Russellian theory is committed to two principles regarding de re belief; the special-case consequence and Frege’s constraint. Then, in step two, Schiffer argues that the special-case consequence is not consistent with Frege’s constraint. Salmon and Braun reply to Schiffer’s argument that although the Naive Russellian theory is committed to Frege’s constraint, it is not committed to the special-case consequence. However, in this paper, I will argue with a new Schiffer-case that even if the Naive Russellian theory is not committed to the special-case consequence, it is still not consistent with Frege’s constraint. Concluding, I will discuss the possibility to reject Frege’s constraint within the Naive Russellian theory.
Are meiofauna a standard meal for macroinvertebrates and juvenile fish?
Authors: Ptatscheck Christoph , Brüchner-Hüttemann Henrike , Kreuzinger-Janik Bianca , Weber Sebastian , Traunspurger Walter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDue to the lack of empirical data, meiofauna are often underestimated as prey for freshwater animals and are commonly regarded as trophic dead ends. Here we present a synthesis of recent evidence showing that meiofauna are significant as prey, not only for many benthic macroinvertebrates (chironomids, shrimps, and flatworms) but also for juveniles of widespread freshwater bottom-feeding fish species (e.g., carps, gudgeons, catfish). In this review, we focus on the following questions: (1) Which groups consume meiofauna? (2) In what amounts are meiofauna ingested? (3) Does predatory feeding behavior influence natural meiofaunal communities? (4) Are meiofauna organisms actively ingested or are they bycatch? To answer these questions, we focused on studies that included gut/feces analyses of potential predators and empirical investigations conducted in the laboratory (e.g., functional response experiments and microcosm studies) and in the field (enclosure/exclosure settings). We were able to demonstrate that meiofauna taxa are consumed in high numbers by a wide range of larger organisms. This predation can significantly shape meiofaunal communities, by reducing the abundance, biomass, and production of certain members of the investigated assemblages. However, in most cases, it remains unclear if there is an active predation of meiofauna or a passive ingestion by unselective feeding.
The Influence of Wood and Basalt Fibres on Mechanical, Thermal and Hydrothermal Properties of PLA Composites
Authors: Kuciel Stanisław , Mazur Karolina , Hebda Marek 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, biodegradable biocomposites based on polylactide with basalt fibres (BFs) or wood fibres (WFs) of 7.5 or 15 wt% were prepared by injection moulding. Various tests, including tensile test, bending test and impact test, were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of the composites. Additionally, the samples were tested at different temperatures. Depending on the type of fibre, differences were noted in their mechanical properties; the addition of WF caused a decrease in strength and the higher the fibre content, the higher the decrease was noted from 18% up 25% in the case of tensile strength. However, the Young modulus was improved by 45% for composites with 15 wt% of WF. The addition of BF improved all the properties, especially Young modulus was improved by over 45%. Despite the low strength observed in neat polylactide at high temperatures-394 MPa, the addition of WF or BF improved the flexural strength more than twofold up to 1684 MPa (PLA/15BF). Moreover, the addition of natural fibres caused an increase in dimensional stability as shown by the decrease of the coefficient of thermal expansion which dropped over 50% for composites with 15 wt% of BF, which significantly expands the areas of use of materials. After 4 weeks of biodegradation, only a slight decrease approximately 5% was observed in the mechanical properties together with an increase in crystallinity. Overall, the results confirm that the prepared composites can be successfully used in engineering applications with long-term operation.
Prevalence, Predictors, and Treatment of Impostor Syndrome: a Systematic Review
Authors: Bravata Dena M. , Watts Sharon A. , Keefer Autumn L. , Madhusudhan Divya K. , Taylor Katie T. , Clark Dani M. , Nelson Ross S. , Cokley Kevin O. , Hagg Heather K. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Background
Impostor syndrome is increasingly presented in the media and lay literature as a key behavioral health condition impairing professional performance and contributing to burnout. However, there is no published review of the evidence to guide the diagnosis or treatment of patients presenting with impostor syndrome.

Purpose
To evaluate the evidence on the prevalence, predictors, comorbidities, and treatment of impostor syndrome.

Data Sources
Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO (January 1966 to May 2018) and bibliographies of retrieved articles.

Study Selection
English-language reports of evaluations of the prevalence, predictors, comorbidities, or treatment of impostor syndrome.

Data Extraction
Two independent investigators extracted data on study variables (e.g., study methodology, treatments provided); participant variables (e.g., demographics, professional setting); diagnostic tools used, outcome variables (e.g., workplace performance, reductions in comorbid conditions); and pre-defined quality variables (e.g., human subjects approval, response rates reported).

Data Synthesis
In total, 62 studies of 14,161 participants met the inclusion criteria (half were published in the past 6 years). Prevalence rates of impostor syndrome varied widely from 9 to 82% largely depending on the screening tool and cutoff used to assess symptoms and were particularly high among ethnic minority groups. Impostor syndrome was common among both men and women and across a range of age groups (adolescents to late-stage professionals). Impostor syndrome is often comorbid with depression and anxiety and is associated with impaired job performance, job satisfaction, and burnout among various employee populations including clinicians. No published studies evaluated treatments for this condition.

Limitations
Studies were heterogeneous; publication bias may be present.

Conclusions
Clinicians and employers should be mindful of the prevalence of impostor syndrome among professional populations and take steps to assess for impostor feelings and common comorbidities. Future research should include evaluations of treatments to mitigate impostor symptoms and its common comorbidities.
Time and Organizational Cost for Facilitating Implementation of Primary Care Mental Health Integration
Authors: Ritchie Mona J. , Kirchner JoAnn E. , Townsend James C. , Pitcock Jeffery A. , Dollar Katherine M. , Liu Chuan-Fen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Integrating mental health services into primary care settings is complex and challenging. Although facilitation strategies have successfully supported implementation of primary care mental health integration and other complex innovations, we know little about the time required or its cost.

Objective
To examine the time and organizational cost of facilitating implementation of primary care mental health integration.

Design
Descriptive analysis.

Participants
One expert external facilitator and two internal regional facilitators who helped healthcare system stakeholders, e.g., leaders, managers, clinicians, and non-clinical staff, implement primary care mental health integration at eight clinics.

Intervention
Implementation facilitation tailored to the needs and resources of the setting and its stakeholders.

Main Measures
We documented facilitators’ and stakeholders’ time and types of activities using a structured spreadsheet collected from facilitators on a weekly basis. We obtained travel costs and salary information. We conducted descriptive analysis of time data and estimated organizational cost.

Key Results
The external facilitator devoted 263 h (0.09 FTE), including travel, across all 8 clinics over 28 months. Internal facilitator time varied across networks (1792 h versus 1169 h), as well as clinics. Stakeholder participation time was similar across networks (1280.6 versus 1363.4 person hours) but the number of stakeholders varied (133 versus 199 stakeholders). The organizational cost of providing implementation facilitation also varied across networks ($263,490 versus $258,127). Stakeholder participation accounted for 35% of the cost of facilitation activities in one network and 47% of the cost in the other.

Conclusions
Although facilitation can improve implementation of primary care mental health integration, it requires substantial organizational investments that may vary by site and implementation effort. Furthermore, the cost of using an external expert to transfer facilitation skills and build capacity for implementation efforts appears to be minimal.
DiscreteZOO: A Fingerprint Database of Discrete Objects
Authors: Berčič Katja , Vidali Janoš 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present DiscreteZOO, a project which illustrates some of the possibilities for computer-supported management of collections of finite combinatorial (discrete) objects, in particular graphs with a high degree of symmetry. DiscreteZOO encompasses a data repository, a website and a SageMath Package.
Good News from Africa
Authors: Spitzer Helmut 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der afrikanischen Region der Großen Seen kämpft Soziale Arbeit in Abgrenzung zu importierten Theorien und Konzepten um ein eigenständiges, indigenes Profil. Dazu lief über mehrere Jahre ein Projekt zur Erforschung und Stärkung der Profession. Zentrale Komponenten dieses Projekts waren Forschung, Lehrplanentwicklung, Berufspolitik und Lobbyarbeit.
Rechtsnationale, autoritäre Orientierungen und Soziale Arbeit
Authors: Scherr Albert , Thole Werner 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungIn dem Beitrag wird die Bedeutung einer Auseinandersetzung mit nationalen und xenophobischen Positionen und Handlungen in Wissenschaft und Praxis der Sozialen Arbeit betont. Angemahnt wir zudem eine Aufarbeitung der Erfahrungen mit Projekten gegen rechts motivierte Gewalt. Eine Sensibilisierung der Sozialen Arbeit für antihumanistische Selbst- und Weltdeutungen von Adressat_innen scheint zudem ebenso angebracht wie eine kontinuierliche Förderung von Projekten, die sich gegen rechtsnationale Haltungen engagieren.
From the apron into the pit: the deposition of the complete debris from the manufacture of a bifacial preform at the Middle Paleolithic site of Kabazi V, level III/4-2
Authors: Uthmeier Thorsten , Chabai Victor P. , Veselsky Andrey P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAt Kabazi V, level III/4-2, the entire debris from the manufacture of a bifacial preform was found deposited in a small anthropogenic pit. The bifacial preform itself was missing. The fact that it was possible to refit all larger blanks, as well as several chips, from the pit, whereas refits with artifacts discarded on the surface of the corresponding archeological level were not found, underlines the character of the pit’s contents as a closed find sensu stricto. The only explanation for the presence of chips of very small size from the same nodule, alongside the larger ones, in the pit fill is the use of an apron to collect all detached items during the process of flaking. Among the numerous anthropogenic pits from the Crimean Middle Paleolithic, the one found at Kabazi V, level III/4-2, and two other examples from Zaskalanya V and Zaskalnaya VI stand out for the intentional deposition of carefully selected artifacts in them. The sizes of the pits match the volumes of the artifacts deposited, which emphasizes the close relationship between the construction of the pits and the artifacts’ deposition. This article explores the significance of the three cases of artifact deposition referred to above to our understanding of segmented production processes and of why these depositions occurred. The most evident interpretation is that they were caches of equipment stored as insurance for unforeseen circumstances, which is indicative of substantial planning depth and a recurrent use of logistical territories.
A New Definition of Voltage Unbalance Using Supply Phase Shift
Authors: Adekitan Aderibigbe Israel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStudies on voltage unbalance have revealed its detrimental effects on the operation of three-phase induction motors (TPIM) due to the production of negative-sequence current and torque. Voltage unbalance has been defined in different ways over the years, and each of these definitions is limited in scope in one form or the order, e.g. the neglect or inadequate consideration of the phase angle of the supply in these definitions. The complex voltage unbalance factor captures the phase angle using the ratio of the sequence components, but there is a challenge on the interpretation of the random angle θv with respect to the supply. In this study, a novel definition of phase unbalance is proposed which considers the normal 120° displacement of the three phases of the supply. A comparative analysis of all the definitions is presented using four operational supply case studies for a TPIM, and the results may ultimately impact control strategies.
Präzisere ergonomische Risikobeurteilung durch die Kombination von Inertialsensoren mit observatorischen Methoden am Beispiel von RULA
Authors: Maltry L. , Holzgreve F. , Maurer C. , Wanke E. M. , Ohlendorf D. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungZur ergonomischen Beurteilung von Arbeitsplätzen werden „ergonomic risk assessment tools“ (ERAT) verwendet. Mithilfe dieser kann die körperliche Belastung evaluiert und hinsichtlich eines biomechanischen Überlastungsrisikos bewertet werden. Dazu gehören neben Eigenangaben auch observatorische Methoden, deren Ergebnisse in Punktwerten („Scores“) zusammengefasst werden, wie z. B. die RULA-Methode („rapid upper limb assessment“). Durch die technische Weiterentwicklung direkter Messmethoden können inertiale Motion-Capture-Systeme im 21. Jahrhundert präzise und kontinuierliche objektive Daten liefern. In einem neuen Ansatz wurde die observatorische Scoring-Methode RULA modifiziert und auf die digital erhobenen Daten angewendet, was differenzierte ergonomische Betrachtungen ganzer Arbeitsabläufe ermöglicht.