bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symmetries of the gravitational scattering in the absence of peeling
Authors: Geiller Marc , Laddha Alok , Zwikel Céline 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The symmetries of the gravitational scattering are intimately tied to the symmetries which preserve asymptotic flatness at null infinity. In Penrose’s definition of asymptotic flatness, a central role is played by the notion of asymptotic simplicity and the ensuing peeling behavior which dictates the decay rate of the Weyl tensor. However, there is now accumulating evidence that in a generic gravitational scattering the peeling property is broken, so that the spacetime is not asymptotically-flat in the usual sense. These obstructions to peeling can be traced back to the existence of universal radiative low frequency observables called “tails to the displacement memory”. As shown by Saha, Sahoo and Sen, these observables are uniquely fixed by the initial and final momenta of the scattering objects, and are independent of the details of the scattering. The universality of these tail modes is the statement of the classical logarithmic soft graviton theorem. Four-dimensional gravitation scattering therefore exhibits a rich infrared interplay between tail to the memory, loss of peeling, and universal logarithmic soft theorems.In this paper we study the solution space and the asymptotic symmetries for logarithmically-asymptotically-flat spacetimes. These are defined by a polyhomogeneous expansion of the Bondi metric which gives rise to a loss of peeling, and represent the classical arena which can accommodate a generic gravitational scattering containing tails to the memory. We show that while the codimension-two generalized BMS charges are sensitive to the loss of peeling at $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
+, the flux is insensitive to the fate of peeling. Due to the tail to the memory, the soft superrotation flux contains a logarithmic divergence whose coefficient is the quantity which is conserved in the scattering by virtue of the logarithmic soft theorem. In our analysis we also exhibit new logarithmic evolution equations and flux-balance laws, whose presence suggests the existence of an infinite tower of subleading logarithmic soft graviton theorems.
Multiscalar critical models with localised cubic interactions
Authors: Harribey Sabine , Pannell William H. , Stergiou Andreas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Interface localised interactions are studied for multiscalar universality classes accessible with the perturbative ε expansion in 4 – ε dimensions. The associated beta functions at one loop and partially at two loops are derived, and a wide variety of interface conformal field theories (CFTs) is found, even in cases where the bulk universality class is free or as simple as the Wilson-Fisher description of the O(N) model. For up to three scalar fields in the bulk, interface fixed points are classified for all bulk universality classes encountered in this case. Numerical results are obtained for interface CFTs that exist for larger numbers of multiscalar fields. Our analytic and numerical results indicate the existence of a vast space of interface CFTs, much larger than the space of defect CFTs found for line and surface defect deformations of multiscalar models in 4 − ε dimensions. In this vast space, stable interfaces found for free and O(N) bulks belong to the F4 family, with global symmetries SO(3), SU(3), Sp(6) and F4, realised with N = 5, 8, 16, 24 scalar fields, respectively.
Placeboeffekte bei der Therapie mit Antidepressiva
Authors: Rief Winfried , Kube Tobias 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Verblindete Placebobehandlungen in klinischen Studien erreichen oft bis zu 80 % der klinischen Verbesserungen der Verumgruppen. Offensichtlich ist der größte Teil der Wirkung, die in klinischen Studien in den Antidepressivagruppen gefunden wird, auf Faktoren zurückführen, die nicht spezifisch für die Antidepressivatherapie sind. Im Artikel wird dargelegt, welche Faktoren zu dieser hohen Effektivität von Placebointerventionen bei Antidepressiva beitragen.

Methodik
Es wird ein narrativer Literaturüberblick mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Placeboeffekte in Studien zu Antidepressiva vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse
Bei Depressionen findet sich auch im Vergleich zu anderen psychischen Störungen ein besonders starker Placeboeffekt. Die Stärke dieses Effekts lässt sich modulieren durch hilfreiche vs. nichthilfreiche Instruktionen, durch Beteiligung der Patienten am Entscheidungsprozess, aber auch durch persönliche Zuwendung, insbesondere wenn die Behandler als kompetent und warmherzig wahrgenommen werden. Auch das Auftreten dezenter Nebenwirkungen kann Placeboeffekte verstärken. Placeboeffekte zeigen sich dabei nicht nur in subjektiven Patientenberichten, sondern auch durch nachweisbare neurochemische Veränderungen im Körper.

Schlussfolgerung
Behandler tragen durch ihr eigenes Verhalten wesentlich zur Effektivität antidepressiver Behandlungen bei. Gleichzeitig muss der insgesamt doch eher geringe Abstand zwischen Verum- und Placebobehandlungen bei Depressionen eine kritische Beleuchtung der Bewertung des Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnisses am Einzelfall nach sich ziehen. Studiendesigns zur Evaluation von Antidepressiva sind gefordert, die die komplexen Wechselwirkungen zwischen der eigentlichen Medikamentenwirkung und Placeboeffekten besser darstellen.
Adaptive foraging strategies of Adélie penguins in the Ross Sea Region: balancing chick feeding and body condition in changing marine environments
Authors: Kim Youmin , Kim Jong-U , Oh Younggeun , Park Jinku , Lee Kyungho , Kim Hyun-Cheol , Kim Jeong-Hoon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBreeding seabirds are required to balance between feeding their chicks and maintaining their body condition. Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), a keystone species of the Antarctic ecosystem, have foraging behavioral flexibility that depends on the marine environment and own body condition. This study collected tracking data and weight measurements from 47 brooding penguins during two breeding seasons at Cape Hallett (72°19´S, 170°12´E), Ross Sea. In 2021, the breeding season with a high sea ice concentration, penguins had lower body weights during the early guarding period compared to the body weights of the penguins in 2022. Penguins performed three types of foraging trips - ice hole trips, ice edge trips, and pack ice trips—during the 2021 breeding season. However, in the season characterized by a low sea ice concentration (2022), most of the foraging trips were pack ice trips. Furthermore, penguins performed relatively shorter pack ice trips and had lower foraging efforts than they did in 2021. On the other hand, we found that penguins with higher initial weights lost more weight, where for every additional 1 kg of weight, individuals lost 360 g more during the tracking period. We suggest that penguins use selective foraging strategies to adapt to their situation. Additionally, they regulate their food intake for raising chicks based on their body condition. In summary, our findings suggest how Adélie penguins determine foraging strategies and allocating food according to the marine environment and their body condition.
Radiomics-driven spectral profiling of six kidney stone types with monoenergetic CT reconstructions in photon-counting CT
Authors: Hertel Alexander , Froelich Matthias F. , Overhoff Daniel , Nestler Tim , Faby Sebastian , Jürgens Markus , Schmidt Bernhard , Vellala Abhinay , Hesse Albrecht , Nörenberg Dominik , Stoll Rico , Schmelz Hans , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Waldeck Stephan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Urolithiasis, a common and painful urological condition, is influenced by factors such as lifestyle, genetics, and medication. Differentiating between different types of kidney stones is crucial for personalized therapy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) in combination with radiomics and machine learning to develop a method for automated and detailed characterization of kidney stones. This approach aims to enhance the accuracy and detail of stone classification beyond what is achievable with conventional computed tomography (CT) and dual-energy CT (DECT).

Materials and methods
In this ex vivo study, 135 kidney stones were first classified using infrared spectroscopy. All stones were then scanned in a PCCT embedded in a phantom. Various monoenergetic reconstructions were generated, and radiomics features were extracted. Statistical analysis was performed using Random Forest (RF) classifiers for both individual reconstructions and a combined model.

Results
The combined model, using radiomics features from all monoenergetic reconstructions, significantly outperformed individual reconstructions and SPP parameters, with an AUC of 0.95 and test accuracy of 0.81 for differentiating all six stone types. Feature importance analysis identified key parameters, including NGTDM_Strength and wavelet-LLH_firstorder_Variance.

Conclusion
This ex vivo study demonstrates that radiomics-driven PCCT analysis can improve differentiation between kidney stone subtypes. The combined model outperformed individual monoenergetic levels, highlighting the potential of spectral profiling in PCCT to optimize treatment through image-based strategies.

Key Points
QuestionHow can photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) combined with radiomics improve the differentiation of kidney stone types beyond conventional CT and dual-energy CT, enhancing personalized therapy?
FindingsOur ex vivo study demonstrates that a combined spectral-driven radiomics model achieved 95% AUC and 81% test accuracy in differentiating six kidney stone types.
Clinical relevanceImplementing PCCT-based spectral-driven radiomics allows for precise non-invasive differentiation of kidney stone types, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy and more personalized, effective treatment strategies, potentially reducing the need for invasive procedures and recurrence.

Graphical Abstract
Kriterien für die Weiterbildungsbefugnis zur Facharztkompetenz Innere Medizin und Rheumatologie – ein Positionspapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie
Authors: Pfeil Alexander , Fleck Martin , Aringer Martin , Baraliakos Xenofon , Ernst Diana , Haase Isabell , Hillebrecht Christiana , Hoyer Bimba Franziska , Keyßer Gernot , Kötter Ina , Krause Andreas , Krusche Martin , Lorenz Hanns-Martin , Proft Fabian , Schuch Florian , Vossen Diana , Voormann Anna , Wagner Ulf , Wollenhaupt Jürgen , Specker Christof ,   Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie,   Kommission Fort- und Weiterbildung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Musterweiterbildungsordnung definiert die Weiterbildungsinhalte zur Erlangung der Facharztbezeichnung Innere Medizin und Rheumatologie. Kriterien zur Erteilung der Weiterbildungsbefugnis liegen nicht vor. Das Positionspapier beschreibt die von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGRh) vorgeschlagenen Kriterien, die bei der Erteilung einer Weiterbildungsbefugnis im Gebiet Innere Medizin und Rheumatologie und für die Bemessung ihres zeitlichen Umfangs zugrunde gelegt werden sollten. Dabei fungieren die Musterweiterbildungsordnung 2018 und der fachlich empfohlene Weiterbildungsplan als Basis. Anhand der Kriterien kann die Weiterbildungsbefugnis zur Facharztweiterbildung Innere Medizin und Rheumatologie standardisiert, abgestuft und transparent im gesamten Bundesgebiet vergeben werden. So wird eine qualitätsoptimierte Weiterbildung in der Rheumatologie ermöglicht, die an zukünftige Entwicklungen des Faches angepasst werden kann.
Articular impactions in acetabular fractures
Authors: Gänsslen Axel , Freude Thomas , Lindahl Jan , Krappinger Dietmar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImpactions of the articular surface are relevant prognostic parameters in the treatment of acetabular fractures. Posterior marginal impactions and acetabular dome impactions may occur depending on the direction of the force vectors during trauma. Posterior marginal impactions are mainly observed in posterior fracture dislocations, while acetabular dome impactions are frequently seen in the elderly with the hip joint in extension during trauma. Femoral head impactions are also frequently associated with acetabular fractures, mainly in fracture dislocations and transverse acetabular fractures. CT scans using thin slices are mandatory in order to preoperatively identify acetabular and femoral head impactions. Intraoperatively, the reduction techniques depend on the type of marginal impaction. Posterior impactions are usually addressed via a posterior approach by applying femoral traction under direct visualization or even by performing surgical hip dislocation. Acetabular dome impactions may be reduced using the fracture lines or by creating a cortical window. Reduction is followed by filling the void with bone or bone substitutes supported by raft screws. No clear treatment recommendations for femoral head impactions are given in the literature.
Mid-term outcomes of compaction autologous bone grafting in uncemented primary total hip replacement stems
Authors: Abe Satomi , Inoue Masahiro , Mikami Takashi , Honke Hidefumi , Suzuki Masahiro , Kanno Taiki , Masuda Takeshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Fixation and long-term stability of collared, uncemented stems, such as the CORAIL® collared stem, in total hip arthroplasty (THA), depend on a strong cancellous bone sleeve and subsequent osseointegration. This study aimed to investigate bone reaction and mid-term outcomes following compaction autologous bone grafting in uncemented stems in primary THA.

Materials and methods
This study retrospectively reviewed patients with primary THA using CORAIL® collared stem and having ≥ 5 years follow-up. Patients were divided into the bone graft and control groups based on the use of compaction autologous bone grafting. Demographic characteristics, fracture risk, operation time, complications, revisions, and radiologic measures, such as stress shielding and reactive lines were compared between the groups.

Results
A total of 140 cases (85% women, mean age: 63 years, mean follow-up: 72 months) were included. Autologous bone graft was used in 32 (23%) cases. No significant differences in terms of age, sex, diagnoses, follow-up duration, or operation time were observed between the groups. Stress shielding frequency remained stable at 9.4% between 1y and 5y in the bone graft group, but increased from 13.9 to 28.7% in the control group, resulting in the latter having a higher 5-y frequency than the bone graft group (p = 0.0004). Reactive lines increased from 1y to 5y in both groups (bone graft: 6.3–37.5%, p = 0.0015; control: 4.6–26.9%, p < 0.001) with no significant differences between groups. There were no instances of stem subsidence/loosening or stem revision in either group.

Conclusions
Autologous compaction bone grafting achieved satisfactory fixation of the uncemented CORAIL® collared stem without requiring distal fixation and mitigated stress shielding. Larger, prospective studies with longer follow-ups are needed to confirm the clinical implications of these mid-term results in primary THA.
Clinical features and treatment of stroke-like episodes in mitochondrial disease: a cohort-based study
Authors: Mickelsson Nora , Hirvonen Jussi , Martikainen Mika H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Stroke-like episode (SLE) is a subacute evolving brain syndrome in patients with primary mitochondrial diseases. Despite previous research, the understanding of the clinical spectrum, treatment, and outcomes of mitochondrial SLEs is far from complete. In this single centre study, we report the clinical symptoms and radiological findings as well as the medical treatment and outcomes of SLEs in patients with mitochondrial disease.

Methods
This retrospective, observational study during years 2000–2023 was based on a cohort of patients diagnosed with mitochondrial disease at Turku University Hospital (TUH; Turku, Finland) in the region of Southwest Finland. Data were obtained from the hospital electronic medical record system.

Results
The investigated cohort consisted of 76 patients (37 men, 39 women) with a diagnosis of mitochondrial disease. Among these, 12 patients had a history of at least one SLE; the total number of SLEs was 20. The most common genetic aetiology among patients with SLEs was m.3243A > G (N = 7). The mean age at first SLE was 40 years (range: 5–66 years), and the mean interval between episodes was 4.8 years (range: 4 months—10 years). The duration of episodes varied between 1 and 193 days (median 14 days, mean 37 days); 10 patients needed intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. The mean survival time between the first SLE and death was 3.6 years (range: 0–16 years).

Conclusion
Our study highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt management of SLE symptoms, especially epileptic seizures, in this life-threatening entity.
Single-step 3D printing aided cranio-orbital reconstruction with patient specific polyetheretherketone implants after resection of benign spheno-orbital tumors
Authors: Rezai Arwin , Pöppe Johannes P. , Gaggl Alexander , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Schwartz Christoph , Krainz Herbert , Ueberschaer Moritz , Mercea Petra A. , Enzinger Simon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques have paved the way for single-step resections and cranio-orbital reconstructions with patient specific implants in spheno-orbital tumors. Here, we present our interdisciplinary maxillofacial and neurosurgical workflow and a case series of patients treated with this integrated approach.

Methods
Patients, who underwent single-step resection of benign spheno-orbital tumors and cranio-orbital reconstruction with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) patient specific implants (PSI) from 2019 to 2024 in our institution were included. Three dimensional models of the tumor, the skull, the implants and the cutting guides were integrated into intraoperative neuronavigation and 3D printed at the point of care (POC) for surgical planning. Clinical data was retrospectively analyzed, pre- and postoperative Exophthalmic index (EI) was radiologically determined.

Results
Eleven patients met inclusion criteria. Meningioma WHO grade 1 was the most common tumor entity (81.8%). In a majority of patients, exophthalmos was the presenting sign (63.6%). Postoperative cranial imaging revealed an optimal position of the PEEK implants with regredient EI in 88.9%. Four (36.4%) patients, of whom two (50%) had undergone prior tumor resections, suffered from surgical complications. The most commonly recorded complication was impaired wound healing (n = 2). Tumor recurrence was observed in one (9.1%) patient at six months follow-up.

Conclusions
Single-step resection and reconstruction in spheno-orbital tumors with PEEK PSIs is feasible and combines surgical expertise, virtual implant design and 3D printing techniques. Favorable aesthetical, visual and oncological outcomes were achieved in this cohort, despite a significant risk for postoperative complications.
Direct TaqMan assay for the detection and genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2
Authors: Ullah Shakir , Notsu Kosuke , Saito Akatsuki , Okabayashi Tamaki , Mekata Hirohisa , Isoda Norikazu , Sekiguchi Satoshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), has a significant economic impact on affected farms worldwide. For effective disease control, it is crucial to select an appropriate vaccine based on the specific genotype of BVDV. Therefore, developing a rapid and reliable assay to detect and genotype BVDV is imperative for controlling the spread of disease. In this study, we developed a TaqMan assay to detect and genotype BVDV types 1 and 2 directly in bovine serum without extraction of RNA. The direct BVDV TaqMan assay effectively detected both BVDV1 and BVDV2 with confirmed specificity and showed no cross-reactivity with any of the other viruses tested, including bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine coronavirus, Akabane virus, bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine parainfluenza virus 3, bovine immunodeficiency virus, and bovine leukemia virus. The assay could detect the virus in serum samples with a titer as low as 102 TCID50/mL in two out of three trials for BVDV1 and all three trials for BVDV2, indicating that its sensitivity is equivalent to that of virus isolation. Our findings represent a significant advancement in BVDV detection and typing directly from bovine serum.
Nephrotic syndrome induces the upregulation of cell proliferation-related genes in tubular cells in mice
Authors: Suzuki Yuya , Kaseda Ryohei , Nakagawa Yusuke , Watanabe Hirofumi , Otsuka Tadashi , Yamamoto Suguru , Kaneko Yoshikatsu , Goto Shin , Matsusaka Taiji , Narita Ichiei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Massive proteinuria, dyslipidemia, and hypoalbuminemia induced by nephrotic syndrome (NS) secondarily affect tubular cells. We conducted an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis using a mouse model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis to clarify the impact of NS on tubular cells.

Methods
We used transgenic mice expressing hCD25 in podocytes (Nep25) to induce NS by injecting human CD25-specific immunotoxin (LMB2) at a dose of 0.625 ng/g body weight. Seven days after LMB2 injection, we extracted RNA from the whole kidney and conducted an RNA-seq analysis. Subsequently, we conducted multiple immunostaining and in situ hybridization (ISH) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to identify their locations and associated cell types. We also investigated the expression levels of DEGs in an additional mouse model of NS induced by adriamycin.

Results
After NS induction, 562 upregulated and 430 downregulated DEGs were identified using RNA-seq. An enrichment analysis revealed the upregulation of cell proliferation-related genes. We observed significant upregulation of Foxm1, a transcription factor linked to cell proliferation. Immunostaining and ISH showed that various tubular cells expressed Mki67 and Foxm1 during NS development. The adriamycin-induced NS model also demonstrated the upregulation of Mki67 and Foxm1 in tubular cells.

Conclusions
NS induced the upregulation of cell proliferation-related genes in tubular cells without detectable renal dysfunction. Our findings may contribute to understanding the pathological effects of nephrotic syndrome on tubular cells.
Modeling nonlinear dynamics from videos
Authors: Yang Antony , Axås Joar , Kádár Fanni , Stépán Gábor , Haller George 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe introduce a method for constructing reduced-order models directly from videos of dynamical systems. The method uses non-intrusive tracking to isolate the motion of a user-selected part in the video of an autonomous dynamical system. In the space of delayed observations of this motion, we reconstruct a low-dimensional attracting spectral submanifold (SSM) whose internal dynamics serves as a mathematically justified reduced-order model for nearby motions of the full system. We obtain this model in a simple polynomial form that allows explicit identification of important physical system parameters, such as natural frequencies, linear and nonlinear damping and nonlinear stiffness. Beyond faithfully reproducing attracting steady states and limit cycles, our SSM-reduced models can also uncover hidden motion not seen in the video, such as unstable fixed points and unstable limit cycles forming basin boundaries. We demonstrate all these features on experimental videos of five physical systems: a double pendulum, an inverted flag in counter-flow, water sloshing in tank, a wing exhibiting aeroelastic flutter and a shimmying wheel.