bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Novel Chitosan-Grafted-Derivatives Nano Cationic Polymers as Antitumor Agents
Authors: Al-Lami H S. , Zaboon M H , Saleh A A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chitosan obtained from isolated chitin of shrimp shells by a modified chemical method with a high degree of deacetylation to improve its solubility. This was undergoing a graft copolymerization process to prepare acetyl chitosan (NACS), acetyl chitosan grafted polylactide (NACS-g-PLA), chitosan grafted polylactide (CS-PLA), and polylactide chitosan grafted poly(ethylene glycol) (CS- PLA-g-PEG) nanoparticles. They characterized by FT-IR and 1HNMR. Chitosan and its derivative nanoparticles morphology examined using SEM and average nanoparticle size counted by ImageJ program. After treatment with chitosan derivative nanoparticles (1 mg/mL) at various time intervals (24, 48 and 72 hour) for three different models of human breast cancer cell lines which are BT, MCF-7 and SKBR3 cell lines, the cell proliferation, cell viability percentage, and genotoxicity as a DNA fragmentation index (%DFI) were analysed by MTT assay, and flow cytometry techniques. The results displayed that CSNPs and its derivatives NACS-g-PLA, CS-g-PLA NPs, and CS- PLA-g-PEG, have strong antitumor activities by inducing in vitro treated BT, MCF-7, and SKBR3 cell lines as a highly significant effect, (p < 0.001) on cell proliferation growth as observed with untreated control cells in a different pattern. Furthermore, it can be said since genotoxicity results that prepared polymers NPs were considered as slight /or no effect on the nucleic material of the BT cell lines, as demonstrated as %DFI in compare with positive and negative control samples.
Study the Photo-degradation of poly styrene –co-butadiene in presence of Ni complex and TiO2
Authors: Kadhium Shrooq S. , Hussen Emad M. , Mageed Zainab N. , Abed Asia H. , Mohammed Hamid H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, the induced photo-degradation of poly styrene –co-butadiene films in the air has been studied (for 400 hr.) in the presence and absence of TiO2 dye and Ni complex, benzyl bis(benzoylhydrazone) Ni, as a photosensitizer by accelerated weathering tester, which are accomplished with the use of the Ultraviolet radiation at λ = 313nm, intensity of light of 3.490*10−5 Einstein/dm3.S at 45°Ctemperature. The rate of the photo-degradation has been followed with an increase in the polymers, hydroxyl and carbonyl absorbance of the use of the UV-visible and infrared (IR) spectra respectively and viscometer measurement. The addition of (0.1 wt %) of TiO2 dye and Ni complex to poly styrene –co-butadiene films (25μm thick) improved the photo-degradation of polymer films, and the photo-degradation with Ni complex higher than the photo-degradation of polymer with TiO2 dye where the degradation constant for Ni complex in polymer is higher than TiO2 dye.
Spectrophotometric evaluationof methyldopa in pure and pharmaceutical formulation using Ecological-friendly Method
Authors: Alaallah Nisreen jassam , Dhahir Saadiyah Ahmad , Ali Hameed Hussein 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAsimple, low cost, precise and fast spectrophotometric methods development for estimation of methyldopa are described. The primary method which includes conversion of methyldopa to colored complex with Fe (II) in the alkaline medium (PH=12). The colored product has a violet color with absorbance at λmax555 nm. Between the concentration range (5-50 μg⋅mL−1), the Beer s law is obeyed with correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9994), limit of detection as 0.1641 μg⋅mL−1, limit of quantification as 0.541 μg⋅mL−1and molar absorptivity as 1562.22 L⋅mol−1⋅cm−1. The other technique, cloud point extraction was utilized to determination of a trace amount of the colored product in the previous method followed by measuring with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The linearity of calibration curvewas above the range of (1-50 μg⋅mL−1), the correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9991) and molar absorptivity was 6080 L⋅mol−1⋅cm−1. The detection limit(LOD) and quantification limit(LOQ) were based to be 0.0486 and 0.160 μg⋅mL−1respectively. This technique was successfully employed for methyldopa detection within the pure and pharmaceuticalpreparations.
Evaluation Solvent Level Effect on Sugar Yield during Microwave-Assisted Pretreatment
Authors: Ethaib Saleem , Omar R. , Siti Mazlina M.K. , Dayang Radiah A.B. , Zuwaini M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn efficient pretreatment step is essential to ensure maximum and economical recovery of the fermentable sugar from enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Microwave-assisted pretreatment was found to be a good alternative of conventional heating pretreatment of acid or alkali due to its direct heating of sample which reduce the energy consumption. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of using very diluted solvent (acid and alkali) on monomeric sugar yield during microwave-assisted pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (sago palm bark wastes). The changes of the surface structure of untreated and pretreated lignocellulosic biomass were detected using SEM analysis. Three solvents were employed at three concentrations (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 N). The solvents that utilized in the microwave-assisted pretreatment were sulphuric acid (MA), sodium hydroxide (MH) and sodium bicarbonate (MB) and compared with distilled water (MW). Sago palm bark (SPB) was soaked in these solvents as a substrate at 5% w/v and subjected to microwave power at 800 W in a modified household microwave oven for 5 minutes. Immersing feedstock in distilled water and heating using microwave heating released 5.32 mg/g of monomeric sugar. Highest yield of monomeric sugar was found using 0.1N H2SO4which yielded 10.28 mg/g during. Applying the pretreatment using the similar concentrations of NaOH and NaHCO3released 9.35 and 4.31 mg/g of monomeric sugar, respectively. Decreasing chemical solvent level from 0.1 to 0.05 and 0.01 N shows a negative influence on sugar yield for MA and MH pretreatment while MB pretreatment displays a positive effect by extracting some useful components such as xylose.
Two New Classes of Integral Type Condition for a Set Valued Mapping in Complete Partial Metric Spaces
Authors: khaleel Liqaa J , Ahmed Buthainah A A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In our paper, we make two new extensions for the integral type condition for a set valued mapping in a complete partial metric space (Y, p):
1-

ψ
(

∫
0

H
(
G
x
,
G
y
)

φ
(
t
)
d
t

)
≤
ψ
(

∫
0

p
(
x
,
y
)

φ
(
t
)
d
t

)
−
ϕ
(

∫
0

p
(
x
.
y
)

φ
(
t
)
d
t

)

∀

x
,
y

∈
Y

2-

ψ

∫
0

H
(
G
u
,
G
v
)

h
(
t
)
d
t

≤
μ
(
p
(
u
,
v
)
)
ψ

∫
0

p
(
u
.
v
)

h
(
t
)
d
t

,

∀

u
,
v

∈
Y

.
And by using these two conditions we prove that a set valued mapping can have a fixed point in a complete partial metric space. Finally we illustrate each condition by an example as an application for these two theorems.
Duo and Projective Gamma Acts
Authors: Abbas Mehdi S , Saied Samir M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Let M be a Γ-monoid and A a unitary right MΓ-act, two concepts projective and duo on gamma acts have been introduced. Several characterizations of projective and duo are given. We prove projectivity in gamma acts has dual basis using to prove relationship between duo and Γ-multiplication.
Monomial Bases for Free Post-Lie Algebras
Authors: Al-Kaabi M. J. H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Many attempts have been made to describe bases for the post-Lie algebra, using many types of Lie bases. Here, we try to describe special kind of post-Lie bases using those bases described in the pre-Lie (respectively Lie) contexts, founded before in [8, 9]. In addition, we try to understand the effect of the second operation of the post-Lie structure on the form of these bases, using some cases of the generating set, and translate it in terms of rooted trees.
Direct Sum and Projectivity of SemiHollow-Lifting Modules
Authors: Dheyab Anfal Hasan , kadhim Zahraa jawad , Hussain Mukdad Qaess 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Let ℝ be a ring with identity and let T be a unitary left Module over ℝ. In this paper, we give some cases when a direct sum of hollow Modules is semihollow-lifting, Also; we give a condition under which a direct sum of two Modules is semihollow-lifting,
On Separation Axioms With Soft-J-Semi-g-Open Sets
Authors: Mohammad R J , Esmaeel R B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, the notions of soft closed sets were introduced by using soft ideal and soft semi-open sets, which are soft-J-semi-g-closed sets "sJsg-closed" where many of the properties of these sets were clarified. Some definitions of near open soft functions, near and near soft continuous functions were offered like; soft Jsg-open functions, soft J
*sg-open functions, soft J
**sg-open functions, soft Jsg-continuous functions, strongly soft Jsg-continuous functions and soft Jsg-irresolute-functions. Some kinds of separation axioms and convergence in sequences were studied by using soft-J-semi-g-open sets like; sJsg-T
0space, sJsg-T
1-space, sJsg-T
2-space.
Many figures and propositions have been studied the relationships among these kinds of near soft functions with some examples were explained.
Application between the characteristic-free resolution and Lascoux resolution in the skew- shape (8,6,3)/(u,1) where u = 1 and 2
Authors: Abd-Alridah Shaymaa N. , Hassan Haytham R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this work is survey an application of the characteristic-free resolution and Lascoux resolution of K(8,6,3)/(u,1) F where u = 1 and 2, also we survey the connection between the resolution of Weyl module in this case of each mode for the same skew-partition.
Video Images Enhanced by using Sigmoid-Logarithm Transform
Authors: kareem Hana H. , Habeeb Rabab. M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It is challenging to enhance contrast in video images, because of the irregularity of contrast and lightness in each frame, and the long processing time to improve. In this research, we suggested a new method relied on sigmoid logarithm transform (SLT). In the video image, the SLT used to enhance lighting component in the HSV color space. To know the ability of enhancement the proposed method was compared with other methods as histogram equalization (HE), Multi Scale Retenix with Color Restoration (MSRCR) and non-traditional as Fusion at Weakly Illuminated Images (FWII), Depending on the average Natural Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE), Mean Squared Error for Hue (MSEH), Mean Squared Error for Saturation (MSES) for each video. By analyzing the results, it was found that the proposed algorithm has good results in the contrast and lightness enhancement.
Improved WKB Approximation for Nuclear Fusion Reactions
Authors: Musa Hayder J. , Majeed Fouad A. , Mohi Ali Taher 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, we have developed a mathematical approach to enhance the calculation of the probability of the WKB approximation in the semiclassical approach. This enhanced method was applied to study the total cross section of fusion reaction σfus
, the barrier distribution of fusion Dfus
and the probability of fusion Pfus
for the light systems 6Li+64Zn, 13C+48Ti and 16O+46Ti. A quantum coupled-channel calculation is conducted using CC code with all order coupling to compare it with the calculations of the semiclassical method before and after improvement of the WKB probability. The improved approach used with WKB enhances the semiclassical calculations and more closer our theoretical results to the measured data to be in more agreement with the treatment of quantum mechanics which agrees with the measured data for the total reaction cross section σfus
, the distribution of fusion barrier Dfus
and the probability of fusion Pfus
.
Design and Evaluation of Refractive Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Implanted within the Human Eye
Authors: Hashim Hussein T. , Al-Hamdani Ail H. , Rashid Hayfa G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, optimum design of three classic model have been proposed, for refractive multifocal intraocular lenses (singlet, doublet, triplet-MIOLs) implanted within human eye (Liou & Brennan model). The analysis were carried out with ZEMAX-EE optical software through the polychromatic functions; MTF, PSF, spot diagram and (longitudinal-, Sphero-) chromatic aberration in addition to comparison with healthy eye. Due to good biocompatibility, AR40N Allergan and AcrySof SA60AT were used to design refractive MIOLs in unique and / or dual combination. Correction of the spherical aberration and longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) within 5° of visual field and 4 mm of pupil diameter were performed over the spectral region (455-655 nm). Result indicate that for all MIOLs proposed design (pseudophakic eye) sharp vision was achieved for a set of distances within range (25-108cm) but still much less than in healthy eye and pseudophakic eye with triplet-MIOLs implanted was the best model.
Investigation the Nonlinear Optical properties of Silver Nanoparticles Using Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Al-Isawi AL-Aboud Wahed , Mezher M. H. , Ghazi Zahid Ali. Z. , Alasady Heba Abdul-Jaleel , Yousif S. T. , Al-alyawy Maitham , Chong W. Y. , Zakaria R. , Shaari Sahbudin , Mezher Ali. H. , Musawy Hala. , Al-Isawi Saad H , Muzher Afyaa. H , Taher Jaber.k. , Jaber A. R. , Latef A. Q. , Saleh B. S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this research, the fabrication of silver nanoparticles and experimental nonlinear response (NLO). The fabrication of the silver nanoparticles has been done using E-Beam evaporation on a glass substrate (Ag-NPs) and investigation of their nonlinear optical response (NLO). The silver nanoparticles was evaluated by optical spectrum (UV-Vis) that shows localized surface Plasmon band at 375 nm. The experiment shows the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction effect of silver nanoparticles, the silver nanoparticles is analysed by Z-Scan technique using a femtoseconds laser with 800 nm wavelength. The result shows the nonlinear absorption (NLA) is at 4.87×10−4cmW−1, while (NLR) is at 7.94×10−9cm2W−1.
Design and simulation of localized surface plasmon resonance-based fiber optic chemical sensor
Authors: Al-Saady Murtadha Faaiz S. , Albarazanchi Abbas K. H. , Mohammed Firas S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, localized surface plasmon resonance based fiber optic (LSPR-FO) sensor utilizing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with different sizes is theoretically constructed and analyzed. Three layers (fiber core, Au NPs, and the Analyte) configuration designed by using the matrix method. Performance parameters such as sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, the figure of merit, and resolution of the sensor are evaluated for each size of Au NPs. As a result, sensitivity and resolution exhibit no change with Au NPs size change while the signal to noise ratio and figure of merit decrease as Au NPs size increase. This work shows that the optimized LSPR-FO sensor may have highly promising applications in chemical sensing.
Experimental Studies of the Effective Sintering Temperature on Electrical and Structural Properties of HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ Compound
Authors: Nsaif Firas Kadhim , Jasim Kareem Ali , Wadi Kassim Mahdi , Alshafaay B. , Khazaal Ahlam Rashid 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
: The HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ specimens are manufactured via solid status interaction process at various temperature of sintering at ( 1073, 1123 and 1173 ) K. All the specimens in the immediately studied were submited to common constructional description by X - radiation deviation. The X - radiation deviation data combined from different samples agree with ( Hg - 1223 ) stages, then the investigations indicated that tetragonal construct for all specimens with an increasing in the dimension c to 15.87 A and reducing the mass density (ρM ) to 1.481 g / cm3 at 1173 K. The four - sensor procedure was achieved to detection the transition temperature ( Ts ), then it raised from 116 K to 121 K with increasing sintering temperature from 1073 K to 1123 K and decreased to 109 K at 1173 K.
Study the partial substitution for Sr at the Ba on the properties of Tl1.6Hg0.4Ba2-ySryCa2Cu3O10δ5 superconductors
Authors: Ali Alyaa Hamid , Ali Abdul Kareem Dahash , Jasim Kareem Ali 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the present study we have reported realization simultaneous effect substitution of strontium at the barium layer of Tl1.6Hg0.4Ba2-ySryCa2Cu3O10+δ superconductor. Samples of bulk polycrystalline have been prepared by the reaction of solid state process. Four probe technique, is used to find the transition temperature Tc. It was found that the critical temperatures at zero resistivity Tc(Offset) are Tc(Offset) were 95, 115 and 125Kand Tc(on) were 45,40 and 45K for Tl1.6Hg0.4Ba2-ySryCa2Cu3O10+δ with y = 0, 0.1 and 0.2 respectively. The X-ray diffraction study showed that all prepared samples have tetragonal structure, with a clear change in the constants of lattice with strontium-substituted samples compared to this without strontium. It has also been found that a change in the concentrations of strontium leads to a change in, c / a. Tl1.6Hg0.4Ba2-ySryCa2Cu3O10+δ phase development was observed. The surface morphology studied for prepared specimens using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the average grain size and surface change with the change of the rate of dopant.
A Study of Plasma parameters in gold sputtering System by Means of Optical Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Mazhir S N , Taha S K , Harb N H , Khalaf M K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper aims at shedding light on investigating the effect of varying plasma parameters of the magnetron sputtering system, the optical emission spectroscopy was used to reach the aime of the paper ; i.e. intensity of spectral Ar-I and Ar-Π lines, electron temperature (Te), electron density (n) with applied (300-700) V, and working pressure (0.5 – 3.5) mbar. The glow discharge plasma was produced by using Ar gas and gold as a sputtering target. The obtained results showed that the relationship between the spectral lines intensity and electron temperature is positive: the increase of them lead to an increase in the applied voltage while density of electron decreases as the applied voltage is increase in the range (350 – 550) V. Moreover, the Ar-I and Ar-Π spectral lines and electron density increased while its electron temperature decreased following the rise of the gas pressure. The increscent in emission intensity and electron density started to enhance or reduce from low pressure to medium and then increased nearly exponentially, while for high pressure no significance change was observed.
Investigating the Effect of Doping and Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) on the Growth and Properties of a Triglycine Sulfate (TGS) Crystal
Authors: Ibrahim Maher J. , Al-Saadi Tagreed M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Triglycine Sulfate (TGS) single crystal were grown using a slow evaporation method utilizing deionized water as a solvent at room temperature in two groups. The first group of crystals was grown in a variable pH medium. The second group consisted of crystals doped by Al ions with a varying concentration ratio. It was found that all the TGS crystals grown belong to the monoclinic system, as confirmed through XRD patterns. The results from UV-Vis analysis showed that the crystals grown in the acidic medium were more transparent with increased transmittance to visible light. In addition, the spectral patterns for the as-grown crystals were studied using the FTIR technique, which showed a slight shift, indicating that all the crystals had a similar crystalline structure. The high transmission in the entire visible region for all crystals indicates potential for use of such crystals in (SHG) devices and applications based on UV tunable lasers.
Optical Investigation of TiO2/Graphene Oxide Thinfilm Prepared by Spin Coating Technique
Authors: Jalaukhan Ali H. A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Titanium dioxide/graphene oxide thin films with different concentrations of (0.0, 0.015, 0.030, 0.045 and 4.5 g/ml) graphene oxide were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature using spin coating method. Thin films were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. Presence of graphene oxide was confirmed with FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, too. The optical band gap of TiO2 with the addition of graphene oxide layer initially decreases, but by increasing the concentration of graphene oxide, the optical band gap increases to 2.9eV.
Flow Production Rate of Hard Photons Probes of Quark–Anti Quark Annihilation Processes at Plasma Phase
Authors: Ashwiekh Ahmed M. , Hussein Saba Mustafa , Al-Agealy Hadi J. M. , Hassooni Mohsin A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The flow emission rate of hard photons from lowest order the QCD processes for quark-anti quark annihilation processes in plasma media at high temperatures (175, 200, 225, 250 and 275 MeV) have been study. In these framework photons, the flow photons emission is calculate according to quark-antiquark annihilation using the quantum chromodynamic theory and solves the ultrarelativistic equation with MATLAP program. Due to the results, we show increases flow photons rate with increases strength coupling and increases with increases temperature of media, it indicate that logarithmically divergent thermal effect on photons product. The critical temperature (Tc=155 to 195 MeV) effect on the quarks confined in hadronic matter phase, it is important parameter effect on strength coupling with flavour number. The flow photons rate spectra show decreasing with increasing th photons energy, it indicate the processes at hadronic phase.
The effects of Core-polarization on the form factors of 17O,19F and 48Ca
Authors: Abbas Shaimaa A. , Mahdi Khalid H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Inelastic electron scattering for selected nuclei 17O,19F and 48Ca are investigated by considering the energies of higher configurations outside core 16O and 40Ca cores. Higher energy configurations, called core polarization effects. Bohr-Mottelson calculations were also conducted to study the form factors of the above-mentioned nuclei using Oxbash. The predicted form factors were compared to the experimental data available. The effect of higher excited configurations is found to be essential in the dynamic transfer dependence of the form factors and is remarkably well aligned with the measured data.