bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety, influence on the endometrium, sonographic changes and bleeding profile after 13 cycles with the new drospirenone only pill (DOP) for contraception
Authors: Regidor Pedro-Antonio , Colli Enrico , Georgiev Dimitar , Koytchev Rossen , Richter Wolfram 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The primary objective of the present trial was to assess the endometrial safety of a new oral contraceptive containing 4 mg drospirenone for a total duration of 13 cycles of 28 days each: 24 days of active treatment followed by 4 days placebo treatment per treatment cycle.

Materials and methods
This was a single-center, open-label, multiple-dose study on healthy female subjects at risk of pregnancy. Twenty one (= safety population set) pre-menopausal female Caucasian subjects started treatment with the study medication. The mean age was 29.0 years (range 19.0–36.0 years). Four subjects terminated the trial prematurely for the following reasons: on the subject’s request (n=2), due to an adverse event (n=1) and due to loss of contact (n=1). Seventeen subjects completed the planned duration of 13 cycles of open treatment with the test product (each cycle of 28 days).

Results
At visit 1 (pre-treatment), the biopsy result in the safety population set was proliferative in 14 cases and secretory in seven cases. At visit 7, four cases showed an inadequate result (insufficient tissue for diagnosis), 12 as proliferative and three as secretory. The number of biopsies with proliferative and secretory results reduced under treatment (safety population). The pre-post treatment changes in the endometrial biopsy results in the treatment completers set (n=17) showed almost no differences. At visit 1 (pre-treatment), the biopsy result was proliferative in 12 cases and secretory in five cases. At visit 7 (after 13 cycles of 28 days), four cases showed an inadequate result (insufficient tissue for diagnosis), 11 as proliferative, and two as secretory. The mean endometrial thickness in the safety population was reduced from 8.3 mm at visit 1 to 6.0 mm at visit 7. When comparing the endometrial thickness in the 21 subjects (safety population), the endometrial thickness showed a pre-post difference of 2.1 mm, whereas the endometrial thickness in the 17 study completers showed a pre-post difference of 2.5 mm (8.2 mm at visit 1–5.6 mm at visit 7).

Conclusions
Drospirenone 4 mg film-coated tablet in a dosage regime of 24/4 days is, regarding endometrial histology, a safe drug. Trial registration: EudraCT Register number: 2013-002300-13.
Numerical Study of the Movement of Water Surface of Dam Break Flow by VOF Methods for Various Obstacles
Authors: Issakhov Alibek , Imanberdiyeva Medina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the movement of the water surface is numerically simulated when a dam is broken by the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The mathematical model is based on the Navier–Stokes equations and uses the large eddy simulation turbulent model, describing the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid and the equation for the phase. These equations are discretized by the finite-volume method. Numerical PISO (Pressure-Implicit with Splitting of Operators) algorithm was chosen for numerical solution of this equation system. The movement of the water surface is captured by using the VOF method, which leads to a strict mass conservation law. The accuracy of the three-dimensional model and the chosen numerical algorithm were tested using several laboratory experiments on dam break problem. In each of the problems, the obtained results were compared with the experimental data and several calculations by other authors and in each of the test problems, the developed model showed results close to the experimental data. Comparison of simulation results with experimental data for various turbulent models was also performed. And also two combined problems were performed which are more close to real conditions; with the help of these problems, flooding zones and flooding time were identified that would help in evacuating people from dangerous zones.
Rational Type Inequality with Applications to Voltera–Hammerstein Nonlinear Integral Equations
Authors: Sarwar Muhammad , Bahadur Zada Mian , Radenović Stojan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work is to establish fixed point theorems under rational type contractions in the framework of complex-valued metric spaces. These theorems extend and generalize some prominent results in the present literature. Furthermore, as an application the existence result is given for the system of Volterra–Hammerstein non-linear integral equations.
Measure-Valued Solutions to a Non-Strictly Hyperbolic System with Delta-Type Riemann Initial Data
Authors: Li Shuangrong , Shen Chun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the construction of global measure-valued solutions to the extended Riemann problem for a non-strictly hyperbolic system of two conservation laws with delta-type initial data. The wave interaction problems have been extensively studied for all kinds of situations by using the initial condition consisting of constant states in three pieces instead of delta-type initial data under the perturbation method. The measure-valued solutions of the extended Riemann problem are achieved constructively when the perturbed parameter tends to zero. During the process of constructing solutions, a new and interesting nonlinear phenomenon is discovered, in which the initial Dirac delta function travels along the trajectory of either delta shock wave or contact discontinuity (or delta contact discontinuity). Moreover, a delta shock wave is separated into a delta contact discontinuity and a shock wave during the process of delta shock wave penetrating a composite wave composed of a rarefaction wave and a contact discontinuity. In addition, we further consider the constructions of global measure-valued solutions when the initial condition contains Dirac delta functions at two different initial points.
Optimization frameworks for machine learning: Examples and case study
Authors: Giesen Joachim , Laue Sören , Mitterreiter Matthias 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Mathematical optimization is at the algorithmic core of machine learning. Almost any known algorithm for solving mathematical optimization problems has been applied in machine learning and the machine learning community itself is actively designing and implementing new algorithms for specific problems. These implementations have to be made available to machine learning practitioners which is mostly accomplished by distributing them as standalone software. Successful well-engineered implementations are collected in machine learning toolboxes that provide a more uniform access to the different solvers. A disadvantage of the toolbox approach is a lack of flexibility as toolboxes only provide access to a fixed set of machine learning models that cannot be modified. This can be a problem for the typical machine learning workflow that iterates the process of modeling, solving and validating. If a model does not perform well on validation data, it needs to be modified. In most cases these modifications require a new solver for the entailed optimization problems. Optimization frameworks that combine a modeling language for specifying optimization problems with a solver are better suited to the iterative workflow since they allow to address large problem classes. Here, we provide examples of the use of optimization frameworks in machine learning. We also illustrate the use of one such framework in a case study that follows the typical machine learning workflow.
Effects of selenium, zinc, insulin and metallothionein on cadmium-induced oxidative stress and metallothionein gene expression levels in diabetic rats
Authors: Gungor Huseyin , Kara Haki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selenium, zinc, insulin, and metallothionein on oxidative damage and metallothionein (MT) gene expression levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats exposed to Cd.

Methods
Rats were categorized under eight groups (control, STZ, Cd, STZ + Cd, Group 5, Group 6, Group 7, and STZ + Cd + MT [n:8/group]) were used. After diabetes was induced by STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.), Cd was administered (1 mg/kg CdCl, orally) for 4 weeks. In cadmium-treated groups selenium (Na2SeO3 1.5 mg/kg, i.p.), zinc (ZnSO4 10 mg/kg via oral gavage), insulin (insulin glargine, 2U/day, s.c.), and MT (1mg/kg, every other 10 days, s.c.) were administered. MT gene expression levels, MDA levels, GPx, SOD, and CAT activity levels were determined in liver and kidney tissues.

Results
MT gene expression and MDA levels increased (p < 0.05) while GPx and SOD activity levels decreased (p < 0.05) in STZ, Cd, and STZ + Cd groups. In Group 5, Group 6, Group 7, and Group 8 groups MT gene expression and MDA levels were decreased while GPx and SOD activity levels were increased (p < 0.05). CAT activity significantly increased (p < 0.05) in STZ + Cd group while there were no significance in other groups (p > 0.05). Compared to the control, Group 5, Group 6, Group 7, and Group 8 groups provided no difference for alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that Se, insulin, Zn and MT may have protective effects against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by Cd exposure in diabetic rats by reducing oxidative stress and MT gene expression levels.
Negation in Berber: Variation, evolution, and typology
Authors: Lafkioui Mena B. , Brugnatelli Vermondo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDouble and triple negation marking is an ancient and deep-rooted feature that is attested in almost the entire Berber-speaking area (North Africa and diaspora), regardless of the type of negators in use; i. e., discontinuous markers (preverbal and postverbal negators) and dedicated negative verb stem alternations. In this article, we deal with the main stages that have led to the present Berber negation patterns and we argue, from a typological viewpoint, that certain morphophonetic mechanisms are to be regarded as a hitherto overlooked source for new negators. Moreover, we present a number of motivations that account for the hypothesis that, in Berber, those languages with both a preverbal and a postverbal negator belong to a diachronic stage prior to the attested languages with a preverbal negator only. Consequently, the study demonstrates that the Jespersen Cycle is back to the beginning in certain Berber languages. In doing so, we also show that Berber is to be regarded as a substrate in the development of double negation in North African Arabic. In addition, the study accounts for the asymmetric nature of Berber negation, although some new developments towards more symmetrical negation configurations are also attested.
Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for ultrafast fiber lasers (invited)
Authors: Fu Bo , Sun Jingxuan , Wang Gang , Shang Ce , Ma Yuxuan , Ma Jianguo , Xu Lijun , Scardaci Vittorio 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Since graphene was first reported as a saturable absorber to achieve ultrafast pulses in fiber lasers, many other two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXenes, have been widely investigated in fiber lasers due to their broadband operation, ultrafast recovery time, and controllable modulation depth. Recently, solution-processing methods for the fabrication of 2D materials have attracted considerable interest due to their advantages of low cost, easy fabrication, and scalability. Here, we review the various solution-processed methods for the preparation of different 2D materials. Then, the applications and performance of solution-processing-based 2D materials in fiber lasers are discussed. Finally, a perspective of the solution-processed methods and 2D material-based saturable absorbers are presented.
Instrumental Philanthropy, Nonprofit Theory, and Information Costs
Authors: Mitchell George E. , Calabrese Thad D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInstrumental philanthropy has gained attention and popularity in recent decades as an approach to maximizing the impact of giving. This article evaluates the suitability of the nonprofit institutional form, specifically the US public charity, as a vehicle for instrumental philanthropy. The analysis identifies an incongruity between the informational requirements of instrumental philanthropy and the form and theory of the nonprofit. An alternative theory of licensure is proposed to illustrate the difficulty of the information problem. Analysis suggests that the viability of instrumental philanthropy hinges upon information costs. Several public policy options are considered as means of better supporting instrumental philanthropy, presuming that allocative efficiency in the production of public benefits is a desirable public policy objective.
US State Tort Liability Reform and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Dove John A. , Dove Laura R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTort and civil liability reform has been a hotly debated issue across US states. This has spawned a large theoretical and empirical academic literature that evaluates the implications of such reform and the impact that it can have on various aspects of an economy. This study adds to that literature by considering how various tort reforms affect entrepreneurial activity across states. The study employs the Database of State Tort Law Reforms (6th Edition) and utilizes the Kauffman Index – an index of entrepreneurial startup activity – between 1996 and 2016, finding that liability reform is generally positively associated with increased entrepreneurial activity. These results are largely driven by joint and several liability, caps on noneconomic damages, limits on contingency fees, and collateral source rules though this latter result is somewhat less robust, while the effects of joint and several liability do not persist through time.
Elrespetocomo valor social. Un estudio de Pragmática sociocultural en encuentros comunicativos de consultas médicas
Authors: Hernández Flores Nieves 
Published: March 2020

ResumenElrespeto interpersonales un valor social reconocido por todo tipo de culturas, pero cuyas características pueden diferir, no solo entre lenguas, sino también entre comunidades culturales dentro de una lengua. El presente trabajo se propone estudiar este valor social en situaciones comunicativas de consulta médica dentro de la comunidad cultural de Galicia (España), con el objetivo de profundizar en sus características, funciones sociales y manifestaciones comunicativas. La finalidad es obtener una caracterización ajustada al contexto sociocultural que pueda utilizarse en el análisis de las actividades de imagen producidas durante la interacción hablada. Para ello, se ha recurrido a un cuestionario de hábitos sociales a los pacientes, entrevistas a los médicos y al análisis de una consulta médica. Los resultados muestran que, como en otras comunidades de habla y de práctica, el respeto se asocia con la amabilidad, pero también presenta características propias, como es, por parte del paciente, la consideración y aceptación a la autoridad científica del médico, y, por parte del médico, la consideración por el paciente al escucharle, hablarle con sinceridad, preocuparse por él/ella y ayudarle.
Solitary Wave with Quantisation of Electron’s Orbit in a Magnetised Plasma in the Presence of Heavy Negative Ions
Authors: Deka Manoj Kr. , Dev Apul N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The propagation characteristics of solitary wave in a degenerate plasma in the presence of Landau-quantised magnetic field and heavy negative ion are studied. The nature of solitary wave in such plasma under the influence of magnetic quantisation and the concentration of both electrons and negative ions, as well as in the presence of degenerate temperature, are studied with the help of a time-independent analytical scheme of the solution of Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation. The electron density, as well as the magnetic quantisation parameter, has an outstanding effect on the features of solitary wave proliferation in such plasma. Interestingly, for any fixed electron density, the magnetic quantisation parameter has an equal control on the maximum height and dispersive properties of the solitary wave. Toward higher temperatures and higher magnetic fields, the width of the solitary wave decreases. For a lower magnetic field, the maximum amplitude of the solitary wave decreases rapidly at higher values of degenerate temperature and negative ion concentration; however, at a lower value of degenerate temperature, the maximum amplitude increases with increasing negative ion concentration.
Automatic Vehicle Tracking with LiDAR-Enhanced Roadside Infrastructure
Authors: Wu Jianqing , Zhang Yongsheng , Tian Yuan , Yue Rui , Zhang Hongbo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Vehicle tracking technology is a prerequisite for the connected-vehicle (CV) system. However, a mixture of CV and unconnected vehicles will be under normal conditions on roads in the near future. How to obtain the real-time traffic status of unconnected vehicles remains a challenge for traffic engineers. The roadside Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor provides a solution for collecting real-time high-resolution micro traffic data of all road users (CV and unconnected vehicles). This article developed a systematic procedure for vehicle tracking using the roadside LiDAR sensors. The procedure can be divided into five major parts: point registration, background filtering, point clustering, object classification, and vehicle tracking. For each step, the corresponding data processing algorithms were provided. A field test was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Compared to the state-of-the-art method, the proposed methods can track vehicles with higher accuracy and lower computation loads.
Blood Glucose Level, Blood Pressure, and Medication Behavior are related to Cardiovascular Complication in Hypertension Patient at Sikumana Public Health Center
Authors: Israfil Israfil , Making Maria Agustina 
Published: March 2020

Hypertension tends to be incurable and can only be controlled, including to prevent cardiovascular complications. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship of age, gender, blood glucose level, blood cholesterol level, blood pressure, and medication behavior (consumption of drugs and health control) with the incidence of cardiovascular complications in patients with hypertension at the Public Health Center in Sikumana-Kupang City. This study used a cross sectional design with a sample of 87 hypertension patients. Data analysis used Rank Spearman's Test (α = 0.01).
There were 50 respondents who had cardiovascular complications in the form of non- hemorrhagic stroke complications (NHS), complications of coronary artery deseases (CAD), NHS and CAD complications, and complications of anggina pectoris. Analysis of Rank Spearman indicated age had p = 0.404 and r = 0.091, gender had p = 0.161 and r = -0,152, blood glucose level had p = 0.000 and r = -0.390, blood cholesterol level had p = 0.272 and r = -0.119, blood pressure had p = 0.000 and r = +0.417, drug consumption had p = 0.000 and r = +0.439, and health control had p = 0.000 and r = +0.490. It was concluded that there were significant relationships between blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and medication behavior (which consists of the consumption of hypertension drugs and health control) with the incidence of cardiovascular complications in patients with hypertension at the Sikumana Public Health Center in Kupang City.
Expression and characterization of a new serine protease inhibitory protein in Escherichia coli
Authors: Hong Tran Thi , Dat Ton That Huu , Hoa Nguyen Phuong , Dung Tran Thi Kim , Huyen Vu Thi Thu , Bui Le Minh , Cuc Nguyen Thi Kim , Cuong Pham Viet 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Proteases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds and play an important role in almost all biological processes. However, excessive protein proteolysis can be implicated in several diseases, such as cancer, as well as cardiovascular, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases. In these cases, protease inhibitors can be used as one of versatile tools for regulating proteolytic activity of target proteases as well as therapeutic applications. In this study, we expressed and characterized a new serine protease inhibitory protein (PI-QT) from the metagenome of sponge-associated microorganisms in Escherichia coli.
Methods: The gene PI-QT encoding for a new serine protease inhibitory protein was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). In addition, the expressed protein was purified and characterized.
Results: Optimization of expression of the recombinant protein PI-QT in E. coli showed that suitable conditions for expression of the protein were pre-induction cell density (OD600) of 0.6 - 0.7, IPTG concentration of 1 mM and temperature of 25oC. The protease inhibitory protein was also purified and identified by mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS. The recombinant protein showed inhibitory activity against trypsin anda-chymotrypsin with activity values of 97526 U/mg and 41714 U/mg, respectively. Maximum activity of the protease inhibitory protein was obtained at pH 7 and temperature 20-35oC. The inhibitor was stable over pH 4-9 and up to temperature 50oC. Addition of Zn2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ enhanced inhibitory activity, whereas other metal ions, surfactants and oxidants reduced inhibitory activity of the protease inhibitor.
Conclusion: The recombinant protein PI-QT is a potential protease inhibitor for therapeutic applications.
ГРОМАДСЬКЕ ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ У НІМЕЧЧИНІ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Mikheichenko Mariia 
Published: March 2020

Вивчаються технології та форми громадського залучення на прикладі сучасної Німеччини. Розкриваються особливості громадського залучення, зокрема участь у волонтерській діяльності. Наголошується на наявності диференціації різноманітних форм громадської взаємодії, що охоплюють всі сфери суспільного буття. Підкреслюється значення добровільної громадської участі та її впливу на внутрішню та зовнішню політику країни, на міжнародні відносини загалом. Окреслено історичні віхи розвитку громадської участі у сучасній Німеччині. Доводиться, що громадянське залучення - це процес, в якому громадяни здійснюють колективні дії для вирішення питань, що становлять суспільний інтерес і сприяють демократії. Наголошується, що громадське залучення вирішує низку суспільних проблем, серед яких, зокрема, недостатнє представлення різноманітних груп інтересів, тим самим знижуючи рівень суспільної напруги у суспільстві. Підкреслюється, що розуміння всіх варіантів громадянської участі розвиває «демократію різноманітності», що визначається як спосіб впливати на рішення влади у міжвиборчий період. Наголошується на необхідності проведення заходів із інформування громадян про події та явища суспільно-політичного життя. З’ясовано, що інтенсифікацію демократизації посттоталітарних суспільств спричиняє ступінь розвитку громадського залучення у вирішення суспільно-політичних проблем. Нові агенти впливу – громадяни, що є залученими до різних форм взаємодії виступають носіями нової партисипаторної демократії, що веде до стабілізації політичної, економічної систем та міжнародної системи загалом. Визначається, що чинниками до лобіювання громадської участі, що призведе до подолання ірраціональності і пасивності людей в політичній сфері — є освіта і надання рівних можливостей для участі в політиці. Тому кожному суспільству належить створити всі умови для активної політичної соціалізації кожного індивіда.З’ясовано, що у політичному діалозі та прийнятті рішень громадське залучення допомагає стримувати конфлікти, що виникають через непорозуміння у сторін, сприяючи встановленню конструктивного діалогу міжнародних акторів у сучасній системі міжнародних відносин.