bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preemptive percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery disease: identification of the appropriate high-risk lesion
Authors: Pu Zhongyue , Hakim Diaa , Croce Kevin , Stone Peter H. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Management of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has been based on identification of a coronary obstruction causing ischemia and performing a revascularization procedure to reduce that ischemia, with the goal of thereby preventing subsequent major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in that vascular territory. Recent investigations demonstrate that preemptive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of nonculprit coronary lesions (NCLs) that may not cause ischemia in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) reduces MACE. In this review, we focus on preemptive PCI, discuss its mechanistic benefits and speculate on its potential value for other coronary syndromes.

Recent findings
The COMPLETE trial in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI demonstrated that preemptive PCI of NCL obstructions, which may not cause ischemia, but often exhibit high-risk OCT plaque characteristics, reduced cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Reduction in MACE from preemptive PCI of NCL was similar for lesions confirmed to cause ischemia (fractional flow reserve <0.80) and for lesions that were only visually assessed to have luminal obstruction at least 70%.
The ISCHEMIA trial in patients with stable CAD and moderate/severe ischemia demonstrated that MACE risk increased progressively with more extensive atherosclerosis, but that performing PCI of ischemia-producing lesions did not reduce MACE. Adverse cardiac events likely originated in high-risk plaque areas not treated with PCI.

Summary
In STEMI patients, preemptive PCI of high-risk NCL that may not cause ischemia improves long-term MACE. In stable CAD patients, MACE increases as the atherosclerotic burden increases, but PCI of the ischemia-producing lesion itself does not improve outcomes compared with optimal medical therapy. Adverse events likely originate in high-risk plaque areas that are distinct from ischemia-producing obstructions. Identification of highest-risk atherosclerotic lesions responsible for future MACE may provide an opportunity for preemptive PCI in patients with a variety of coronary syndromes.
Micropulse Cyclophotocoagulation: A Multicenter Study of Efficacy, Safety, and Factors Associated With Increased Risk of Complications
Authors: Radhakrishnan Sunita , Wan Juan , Tran Brendan , Thai Andy , Hernandez-Siman Jonathan , Chen Kaddie , Nguyen Ngoc , Pickering Terri-Diann , Tanaka H. George , Lieberman Marc , Wong Patricia , Iwach Andrew G. 
Published: August 2020

Précis:
Micropulse cyclophotocoagulation (MPCP) lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) in the short-term but nearly half required additional intervention. Mydriasis was the most common complication (11%); 15% lost ≥3 Snellen lines of acuity; 11% had persistent complications at last follow-up.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and complications of MPCP in a large series of patients with all stages of glaucoma.

Design:
Multicenter, retrospective chart review of patients from 3 clinical sites.

Participants:
One hundred sixty-seven eyes of 143 patients.

Methods:
MPCP was performed with 2000 mW energy, 31.3% duty cycle and 2 to 4 180-degree applications of 80 seconds duration each per treatment. The procedure was considered a failure if any of the following occurred: additional IOP lowering intervention, <20% IOP reduction from baseline at the last follow-up (with or without medication), or severe complications.

Results:
Mean age was 71 years, 53% were female, and 53% were Asian. 60% of eyes had POAG, 63% were pseudophakic, 38% had prior glaucoma surgery, and 51% had Snellen visual acuity (VA) of 20/40 or better. Mean follow-up time was 11.9±7.8 months. Mean IOP was 21.9±8.4 mm Hg before intervention, and 17.4±7.2 mm Hg at last follow-up (P<0.0001). There was no change in mean logMAR VA (P=0.0565) but 15% lost ≥3 Snellen lines of VA. The success rate was 36.5% (61/167 eyes) at last follow-up. The probability of survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis was 82%, 71%, and 57% at 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure, respectively. The reasons for failure were additional intervention in 47%, inadequate IOP reduction in 14%, and severe complication in 1.8%. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model, female sex was associated with a 56% decrease in failure rate compared with males (P<0.0001), while a unit increase in baseline IOP corresponded with a 5.7% increase in failure rate (P<0.0001). If repeat MPCP was allowed then success rate increased to 58%. There were no complications in 73% (122/167) but 11% (18/167) had persistent complications at the last follow-up and half of these 18 eyes had decrease in VA of 1 to 6 Snellen lines. Asian race (odds ratio 13.5, P=0.0131) and phakic status (odds ratio 3.1, P=0.0386) were associated with higher odds of developing mydriasis, which was the most common complication.

Conclusions:
MPCP lowered IOP in the short-term but nearly half required additional IOP lowering intervention. Potential complications should be discussed in detail especially when the procedure is being considered for those with good VA and early stage disease.
Revascularization After H-plasty Reconstructive Surgery in the Periorbital Region Monitored With Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging
Authors: Berggren Johanna , Castelo Nazia , Tenland Kajsa , Engelsberg Karl , Dahlstand Ulf , Albinsson John , Sheikh Rafi , Lindstedt Sandra , Malmsjö Malin 
Published: August 2020

Background:
H-plasty reconstructive surgery is commonly used to close defects after tumor excision in the periorbital region. Revascularization of the bipedicle skin flaps is essential for healing. However, it has not previously been possible to study this revascularization in humans due to the lack of noninvasive perfusion monitoring techniques. The aim was to monitor perfusion in H-plasty flaps during surgery and during postoperative follow-up, using laser speckle contrast imaging.

Method:
H-plasty, i.e., bipedicle random advancement skin flaps, was used for reconstruction of the eyelids after tumor removal in 7 patients. The median length and width of the skin flaps were 13 mm (range, 8–20 mm) and 10 mm (range, 5–11 mm), respectively. Blood perfusion was measured using laser speckle contrast imaging during surgery and at follow up 1, 3, and 6 weeks postoperatively, to monitor revascularization.

Results:
Immediately postoperatively, the perfusion in the distal end of the flaps had fallen to 54% (95% CI, 38%–67%). The perfusion then quickly increased during the healing process, being 104% (86%–124%) after 1 week, 115% (94%–129%) after 3 weeks, and 112% (96%–137%) after 6 weeks. There was no clinically observable ischemia or tissue necrosis.

Conclusions:
Revascularization of the H-plasty procedure flaps occurs quickly, within a week postoperatively, presumably due to the existing vascular network of the flap pedicle, and was not dependent on significant angiogenesis. This perfusion study confirms the general opinion that H-plasty is a good reconstructive technique, especially in the periorbital region with its rich vascular supply.
Dietary vitamin A, C, and E intake and subsequent fracture risk at various sites
Authors: Zhou Penghe , Shao Ruiyi , Wang Hua , Miao Jiaqing , Wang Xianhui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to provide reliable estimates for dietary antioxidant vitamin (vitamins A, C, and E) intake and their effect on fracture risk at various sites.

Methods:
The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify prospective cohort studies published throughout October 2019. The pooled relative risk (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a random-effects model.

Results:
In total, 13 prospective cohort studies involving 384,464 individuals were selected for this meta-analysis. The summary RR indicated that increased antioxidant vitamin intake was associated with a reduced fracture risk (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86–0.98; P = .015). When stratified by the vitamin types, increased vitamin E intake was found to be associated with a reduced fracture risk (RR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46–0.95; P = .025), whereas increased vitamin A and C intake did not affect this risk. Increased antioxidant vitamin intake was associated with a reduced fracture risk, irrespective of fracture sites (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86–0.94; P < .001); however, it did not affect hip fracture risk. Furthermore, increased antioxidant vitamin intake was associated with a reduced fracture risk in men (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.68–0.96; P = .017) and combined men and women (RR: 0.83; 95%CI: 0.73–0.93; P = .002); however, it did not affect fracture risk in women.

Conclusion:
Fracture risk at any site is significantly reduced with increased antioxidant vitamin intake, especially vitamin E intake and in men.
Study on the levels of 25(OH)D, inflammation markers and glucose and fat metabolism indexes in pregnant women of Han nationality in Jiangsu province with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yaqiong Liu , Guohua Wang , Fuyan Yang , Wei Lu , Dan Shi , Yi Zhang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the levels of 25(OH)D, inflammation markers and glucose and fat metabolism indexes in pregnant women with Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
One hundred and ten cases GDM and 100 cases healthy pregnant women in the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City from October 2016 to December 2018 were recruited for this observational cross-sectional study. Each participant's anthropometric and demographic data was recorded. Blood samples were collected and analyzed to determine the levels of 25(OH)D, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), fasting blood glucose, fasting blood insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cholesterol and triglycerides.
Inflammatory markers and glucose and fat metabolism indexes were all significantly higher in the GDM group than that in the control group, while Serum 25(OH)D level in the GDM group was significantly lower. Serum 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with hs-CRP, while not with TNF-α. Furthermore, Serum 25(OH)D, hs-CRP and TNF-α levels were all associated with increased risk of developing GDM.
Nowadays, the reports on the association between 25(OH)D level and GDM were controversial. Our results are consistent with the view that there was association between 25(OH)D level and GDM, and expand the literature by showing the roles of 25(OH)D, inflammation markers as well as glucose and fat metabolism indexes in the risk of developing GDM in the pregnant women with the low overall levels of 25(OH)D before delivery. This broadens our knowledge on the pathophysiology of GDM, which may be helpful in prevention and treatment of GDM.
Chinese medicine treatment of mastitis in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Wen Dengpeng , Shi Yu , Zhang Xiaoxia , Lv Gang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background:
Assessing the effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicine for the mastitis in COVID-19 patients is the main purpose of this systematic review protocol.

Methods:
The following electronic databases will be searched from inception to April 2020: MEDLINE, Ovid, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), VIP Database and Wanfang Database. In addition, Clinical trial registries, like the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), the Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR) and ClinicalTrials.gov, will be searched for ongoing trials with unpublished data. No language restrictions will be applied. The primary outcome will be the time of disappearance of main symptoms (including fever, asthenia, cough disappearance rate, and temperature recovery time), and serum cytokine levels. The secondary outcome will be the accompanying symptoms (such as myalgia, expectoration, stuffiness, runny nose, pharyngalgia, anhelation, chest distress, dyspnea, crackles, headache, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea) disappear rate, negative COVID-19 results rate on 2 consecutive occasions (not on the same day), CT image improvement, average hospitalization time, occurrence rate of common type to severe form, clinical cure rate, and mortality. Two independent reviewers will conduct the study selection, data extraction and assessment. RevMan V.5.3 will be used for the assessment of risk of bias and data synthesis.

Results:
The results will provide a high-quality synthesis of current evidence for researchers in this subject area.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of the study will provide an evidence to judge whether Chinese medicine is effective and safe for mastitis in COVID-19 patients.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42020189924.
Collagenous colitis in a child induced by chronic respiratory allergy
Authors: Wan Xue-Meng , Wang Zhi-Ling , Wang Li-Yuan , Cai Xiao-Tang , Wan Chao-Min , Xie Yong-Mei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Collagen colitis (CC) is a microscopic colitis diagnosed by mucosal biopsy and is extremely rare in children.

Patient concerns:
We reported a child with severe persistent diarrhea that could not be relieved with traditional diarrheal treatment. No abnormalities were found after multiple colonoscopies.

Diagnoses:
A significant increase in total IgE levels was found in the patient's blood. He had a history of mild chronic allergic rhinitis and slightly intermittent wheezing. However, we found that the child had a hyperallergic reaction to multiple respiratory antigens and had mild pulmonary dysfunction. Finally, colonoscopy with biopsy identified the diagnosis of CC.

Intervention:
Considering that a respiratory allergic reaction was one of the causes of diarrhea, anti-allergic treatment was given to the child, and his severe diarrhea was soon relieved. Corticosteroid treatment was suggested to the patient, but his parents firmly refused steroid therapy. According to the patient's specific allergic reaction to mites, desensitization treatment was finally chosen for him.

Outcomes:
After 1 year of desensitization for dust mites, the patient's respiratory symptoms improved, total IgE levels decreased, autoantibodies declined, and diarrhea did not reoccur. Colonoscopy with biopsy showed a significant improvement in pathology.

Conclusion:
CC in children is rare, and childhood CC induced by a respiratory allergic reaction has not been previously reported. Therefore, this is a special case of CC in a patient who was cured with anti-allergy treatments and desensitization instead of steroid therapy.
Relationship of pulmonary function with myocardial microdamage and oxidative stress in the Japanese population without a history of cardiopulmonary disease
Authors: Sugiura Tomonori , Dohi Yasuaki , Takase Hiroyuki , Fujii Satoshi , Seo Yoshihiro , Ohte Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An association between pulmonary and cardiovascular impairment has been reported, but studies are lacking that focus on individuals without advanced impairment in the pulmonary or cardiovascular system. We aimed to investigate the relationship between myocardial microdamage and reduced pulmonary function in the Japanese population without a history of cardiopulmonary disease and to assess whether oxidative stress links the 2 features.
We enrolled patients undergoing an annual health check-up and measured serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROM) to evaluate myocardial microdamage and oxidative stress. To assess pulmonary function, we calculated forced vital capacity as a percentage of predicted value, forced expiratory volume in 1 second as a percentage of predicted value, and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity. Possible associations between each parameter of pulmonary function, hs-cTnI, and d-ROM were cross-sectionally investigated.
The study included 1265 participants (57 ± 12 years). In multivariate regression analysis, the forced vital capacity as a percentage of predicted value was inversely associated with hs-cTnI levels after adjustment for possible confounders. In another multivariate model, all indices of pulmonary function were inversely correlated with d-ROM levels. We observed similar relationships in a multivariate regression model that included hs-cTnI and d-ROM simultaneously as independent variables. Levels of d-ROM and hs-cTnI also were significantly associated.
These results highlight an inverse association of pulmonary function with hs-cTnI and d-ROM in the Japanese population without a history of cardiopulmonary disease. The findings suggest that in individuals without obvious cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, reduced pulmonary function could reflect myocardial microdamage, at least in part through increased oxidative stress.
Does Accreditation Symbolize Quality in Public Healthcare Delivery? An Investigation of Hospitals in Kerala
Authors: Joseph Sindhu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccreditation has become an important benchmark for healthcare organisations, and accordingly, many government hospitals in Kerala got accredited with national level (NABH) and state level (KASH) accreditation programmes. This study examined the quality of public healthcare delivery in these accredited hospitals while having a comparison with the non-accredited hospitals. It also compared the impact of national and state-level accreditation programmes in Kerala public healthcare settings. This cross-sectional study conducted between July 2017 and July 2018, employing a positivist approach using stratified random sampling. In total, 621 samples were collected from in-patients of both accredited (NABH and KASH) (312) and nonaccredited (309) public healthcare institutions in Kerala. Nine constructs overarching the quality of healthcare delivery and patient satisfaction construct are used in the study. The study found that patient satisfaction is identical in both accredited and nonaccredited hospitals (M=4.28). Patient satisfaction in NABH accredited hospital (M=4.27±0.67874) is lower than that of KASH accredited hospital (M=4.30±1.25417). The mean score of six constructs of quality healthcare delivery of KASH accredited hospitals is higher than NABH accredited. Thus, the study concluded that accreditation, regardless of its type, has no impact on patient satisfaction even though the accreditation process slightly improved different dimensions of quality healthcare delivery.
COVID-19 and heart medications: What’s the connection?
Authors: Saleknezhad Nafiseh , Khosravi Bardia , Anushiravani Amir , Eslahi Masoud , Radmard Amir Reza , Sirusbakht Azin , Pourabbas Seyed Mohammad , Abdollahi Mohammad , Kasaeian Amir , Sorouri Majid , Sima Ali Reza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo determine association between clinical outcome of COVID-19 and prior usage of cardiovascular and metabolic drugs, including, Aspirin, ACEIs, ARBs, Clopidogrel, metformin, and Statins.MethodsStatistical examination of the demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging features of 353 patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease admitted from February to April 2020.ResultMinor discrepancies were observed in the clinical presentations, radiologic involvement and laboratory results across groups of patients under treatment with specific drugs. Aspirin-users had better clinical outcome with lower need of ventilation support, whereas, metformin- users had increased chance of intubation and of mortality.ConclusionAlthough not being conclusive, our findings suggest the possibility of the effect of previous drug usages on the various presentations and clinical course of COVID-19 infection.
Ethnic differences in SERPINA1 allele frequencies may partially explain national differences in COVID-19 fatality rates
Authors: Shapira Guy , Shomron Noam , Gurwitz David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 infection and fatality rates vary considerably between countries. We present preliminary evidence that these variations may in part reflect ethnic differences in the frequencies of polymorphic alleles of SERPINA1, coding for alpha-1 antitrypsin, the major blood serine protease inhibitor.
Monitoring COVID-19 related public Interest and population Health Literacy in South Asia: An Internet Search-Interest Based Model
Authors: Symum Hasan , Sagor Kh Mohammed Ali 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundInformation epidemiology based on internet search data can be used to model COVID-19 pandemic progressions and monitor population health literacy. However, the applicability of internet searches to monitor COVID-19 infections and public health awareness in South Asian countries are unclear.ObjectivesTo assess the association of public interest and health literacy in COVID-19 with the actual number of infected cases for countries in South Asia.MethodsGoogle Trends data from January to March 2020 were used to correlate public interest and health literacy with official data on COVID-19 cases using the relative search volume (RSV) index. Public interest in COVID-19 was retrieved in RSV indices with the search term “Coronavirus (Virus)”. Similarly, an OR combination of search terms “hand wash”, “face mask”, “hand sanitizer”, “face shield” and “gloves” were used to retrieve RSV indices as a surrogate of population health literacy in COVID-19. Daily confirmed COVID-19 cases were obtained from the COVID-19 data repository managed by the Johns Hopkins University. Country-level time-lag correlation analyses were performed for a time lag between 30 and +30 days.ResultsCOVID-19-related worldwide public interest reached a peak on March 16, 2020, right after the WHO announcement of coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 related public interest reached the highest peak in South Asian countries a few days after each county reported 100th confirmed cases. There were significant positive correlations between COVID-19 related public interest and daily laboratory confirmed cases in countries expect Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. The highest public interest in South Asian Countries was on average 12 days before the local maximum of new confirmed cases. Similarly, web searches related to personal hygiene and COVID-19 preventive measures in south Asia correlated to the number of confirmed cases as well as national restriction measures.ConclusionPublic interest indicated by RSV indices can help to monitor the progression of an outbreak such as the current COVID-19 pandemic particularly in countries with a lack of diagnostic and surveillance capacity, and thereby distribute appropriate health information to the general public.