bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation Dynamics with Elevation in Southern European Russia
Authors: Boori M , Choudhary K , Kupriyanov A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this research work vegetation dynamics was examined for spring-summer (may–august) season based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroadiometer (MODIS) satellite data generated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with elevation from 2014 to 2018 in Southern part of European Russia. The resulting divergent groups with respect to decreasing, increasing or no trends presented significant differences in vegetation dynamics and correlation between elevation and NDVI values. Results indicate that in the year 2016, vegetation was highly degraded with low NDVI values from less than 0 to 0.20. In comparing of elevation maximum vegetation was present from 100 to 250 m elevation, below and above this range was very low vegetation. In high elevation from 100 to 250m, low NDVI values slightly shift in high NDVI values, which show healthy vegetation on high altitude. Field observation also conform high NDVI values to high elevation. The MODIS time series with 250m resolution is appropriate for vegetation dynamics study for a large, inaccessible area with low coast, within less time for long term changes in vegetation growth.
Possibilities of Using Fly Ash with Other Industrial Waste to Obtain Geosorbents and Composite Materials
Authors: Fuks S L , Devyaterikova S V , Khitrin S V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The authors have studied the conditions of using waste obtained after thermal and chemical processing of minerals (coal, apatite, etc.) and unused natural polymer lignin formed as a result of wood hydrolysis. It has been established that these wastes, individually and in various combinations, can be used as an effective geosorbent for lanthanum ions from wastewater, in the form of composite electrochemical coatings and in the manufacture of ceramic products. The degree of trapping of lanthanum ions from concentrated wastewater with a mixture of fly ash and hydrolytic lignin reaches 96%. Internal stresses and microhardness of composite electrochemical coatings (CEC) nickel – fly ash decrease with increasing thickness and content of fly ash in the nickel layer due to the presence of 4.23% iron fraction with increasing its strength. The use of fluorogips and fly ash in the manufacture of mixtures for the production of ceramic products, including red brick, gives positive results in reducing shrinkage during high-temperature processing of the composite.
Gearbox Development for an Emergency Brake System of the Wind Turbine
Authors: Sirotkin E , Yamazaki K , Miroshnichenko A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article justifies the need to use independent power supply sources in the Arctic regions. It gives arguments in favour of using wind-driven power plants as autonomous power sources. It describes the problems of operating wind energy equipment in the arctic climate. As a solution of the above operational problems, it is proposed to use an emergency brake system in wind power plants. We proposed a design of an emergency brake system exemplified by a 3 kW vertical-axial wind turbine. We calculated the gearbox parameters for the proposed design and created a computer model of the gearbox based on the obtained parameters. We also analysed the advantages of the developed gearbox and the design of the emergency brake system in general.
Channelization Turning Flows at Controlled Intersections. The Concept of the Local Roadway Widening
Authors: Morozov G N , Ertman S A , Ertman J A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Distinct recommendations on the use of the channelization method absent in the normative documentation of the Russian Federation and the specialized literature. Uniform terminology and the using methods of the channelization of traffic flow on the intersection is absent. In this article: analysis of normative documentation and previously works was performed; definition of the local roadway widening is formulated; the formula for calculating the local roadway widening length for left-turn traffic flows is developed. The optimal parameters calculating of local roadway widening is possible on the basis of the obtained mathematical model.
Methodology for Calculating Transport and Operational Parameters of Condition of Highways
Authors: Baurina S B , Khudyakov S V , Uchirova M Yu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article is devoted to methodology of calculation of transport and operational parameters of condition of highways. The technique of determination of parameters of geometrical elements of the road is presented. The technique of definition of strength of road clothes according to statistical and dynamic methods is described. The specifics of measurement of coupling properties and longitudinal flatness of road carpet are presented. The methodology of inspection of engineering arrangement and assessment of parameters of structural elements of highways is concretized.
Method for Pipeline Section Retrieval for Overhaul with Complete Replacement
Authors: Akhmedov A M , Abramyan S G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Earthworks required for overhaul or reconstruction of underground trunk pipelines with complete replacement of pipeline sections are one of the most labor-intensive. The paper suggests a new innovative method for retrieving a pipeline section to avoid using a single-bucket excavator along the entire section. The method reduces the duration of overhaul involving complete replacement of a worn-out pipeline section. The technology suggested is intended to improve the method of pipeline overhaul with complete pipeline section replacement. The study is focused on a set of devices used to retrieve a pipeline section. Based on a 3D model simulating the process flow of pipeline section retrieval, the related processes were observed and studied in depth, and the suggested innovative solutions were adapted as part of the repair and construction flow. The new method helps to, firstly, simplify the process of overhaul with complete replacement, secondly, improve the ecological situation in the construction area, and thirdly, upgrade the repair and construction flow outfitting. All pertinent equipment and devices can be used multiply, which is an indisputable advantage. The method is environmentally safe and suitable for all climate conditions, including complex ones. This innovative method allows retrieving underground pipeline sections regardless of their diameter. A broad use of this pipeline section retrieval method is ensured by a regular set of machinery and equipment available to nearly all repair and construction organizations and remotely controllable to reduce workforce needed for the above overhaul operations.
Specific Structure of the Vegetation Cover of the Starozavodskoe Solfataric Field (Baransky Volcano, Iturup Island) in Terms of the Development of Hydrothermal Resources
Authors: Romanyuk F A , Kordyukov A V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the vegetation cover of the Starozavodskoe solfataric field, assesses the role of technogenic intervention in the formation of its complex spatial-species structure. Using the gradient factor analysis, the influence of the degree of technogenic disturbance on the formation of plant field groupings is determined. The conclusion is drawn about the dynamically equilibrium state of the field vegetation
Control of Environmental Safety in the Construction of Subway in Megapolis
Authors: Gendler S , Ryzhova L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
It was noted that in the construction of subways, the achievement of planned indicators is possible with the use of innovative construction technologies, in particular of tunnel boring machine (TBM). The analysis of the factors that determine the negative impact on the environment when using the TBM is compared with civil construction. The scientific novelty and practical results is given. It was proposed to take into account the degree of attractiveness of the territory when deciding on the location of construction sites. An approach is proposed to determine the attractiveness of the territories for the construction of metro facilities. The task of managing environmental safety during the construction period has been formulated. The procedure for managing environmental safety in the construction of subway lines is given. It is shown that as criteria for making management decisions, indicators characterizing the degree of influence of the physicochemical nature on the state of the environment should be used. It is said that the most rational option for minimizing the negative impact on the OS should be considered as a complex implementation of measures, at which simultaneous reduction of several negative factors to achievable levels is achieved: noise and vibration effects, pollutants of various chemical nature entering the atmosphere, etc. The principles of environmental safety management during noise and vibration effects, as well as the disposal of soil and soils formed during the construction of metro facilities are substantiated
Methodology for Optimal Solution Search during the Freight Train Schedule Creation
Authors: Davydov B , Esaulov V , Gopkalo V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Punctuality and the energy efficiency are the most significant criteria of immediate activity of every transport system. The problem of improving these characteristics is unfolded in this paper. The task of optimization the punctuality and energy efficiency is solved by adjusting departure headways and running times. Methodology of schedule parameters search is based on the statistical analysis of historical data. The study reveals a number of regularities that are characterizing the freight train flow at the main railway line. First of all, we note the important dependences between the punctuality characteristics and the chain position of the train.
Modern Postvolcanic Activity of Berutarube Volcano, Iturup Isl., the Kuril Islands
Authors: Degterev A V , Kozlov D N , Zharkov R V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The data of 2017, characterizing the modern gas-hydrothermal activity of the Berutarube volcano (Iturup Island, the Southern Kuriles) are presented. It is shown that currently the volcano has intensive solfataric and hydrothermal activity, concentrated within the three main sites near summit part of the edifice. The maximum temperature of steam-gas outlets is 96.6 °C, thermal spring – 80 °C. According to the chemical composition, the hydrotherms of Berutarube volcano are ultra-acid (pH 1.5), mineralized, chloride-sulfate waters with a complex cationic composition.
Occupational Risk Assessment Method for Food Industry
Authors: Vishnyak M N , Mashenskaya E A , Melbert A A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper describes a method for assessing occupational risks at food processing facilities in Altai Krai; it defines a risk assessment procedure that takes into account the event probability and the severity of its consequences to be tracked and monitored; the paper also assesses the controls in place and outlines the additional controls that could be of use. The proposed method has been tested at a food processing facility in Altai Krai.
Environmental and Economic Rationale for the Use of Associated Petroleum Gas Using the Example of Fields in Eastern Siberia
Authors: Gorlenko N V , Murzin M A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The use of associated petroleum gas and the problem of its disposal and processing are being actively discussed, oil and gas companies are inventing new methods. The aim of our research is to consider the use of associated petroleum gas in fields in Eastern Siberia and to compare environmental and economic damage from the use of various methods for disposing of associated petroleum gas.
In this article, we reviewed some of the most promising in our opinion methods for processing and disposing of associated petroleum gas, such as deep conversion into gas, flaring, injection into the gas transmission system, reverse injection of associated petroleum gas, and the economic effect of their use. We estimated the environmental damage caused by enterprises and the economic effect of the application for several mining fields. The problem of rational utilization of APG remains acute in a number of regions and companies, especially among small independent producers.
The Track and Rolling Stock Interaction under the Heavy Haul Conditions
Authors: Lunin A A , Spirov A V , Ilyin I E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In order to study and assess the traffic safety there has been simulated a train movement along the track, having a plan and a profile, corresponding to the actual current track outline on which the diesel locomotives Vityaz 2TЭ25A are operated. The Kuznetsovskiy pass of the Far East Railroad has been chosen as the most difficult section. As a result of the calculations, values of main dynamic parameters of all sections of diesel locomotives have been determined when simulating a train moving along tangent track sections and curves of radius 200–600 m on descents and ascents with a slope of 25 ‰ in the traction and slowing-down mode, as well as longitudinal forces in automatic couplings of cars along the whole length of the train.
On Some Features of the Development of Infrastructures in the Polar Regions
Authors: Shabunevich V I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the possible fact of increased oscillations of the Earth crust in the polar region as compared with the equatorial zone, obtained in the course of numerical experiments, and it has been suggested to conduct a full-scale test experiment. Some basic results of the linear harmonic analysis of simplified finite-element models of the Earth of different scales, which may effect on the design standards of various infrastructures developed in the Arctic region, are given.
Dynamics of Rolling Stock Wheels and Track Interaction in Areas of Welded Rail Joints Crush
Authors: Kossov V S , Krasnov O G , Nikonova N M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Finite element models of a rail crushed in a welded joint area and fixed on an elastic damping foundation and a car wheel have been developed. An algorithm has been developed to calculate quasistatic and impact forces during a wheel rolling at different speeds. Experimental studies have been carried out to determine vertical forces in the crushed area of the welded joint at a depth of 1.8 mm using the strain measurement method on the rail web neutral axis.
Simulation of Dynamic Effects on Trunk Pipelines Laid in Difficult Engineering and Geological Conditions
Authors: Yalalov D V , Valeev A R , Khakimov T A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we conduct an experimental study of pipeline deformation together with soil to analyze the stress-strain state of the pipeline and compare it with the results of computer simulation. The experimental setup is a box of OSB panels, which is filled with soil. A polypropylene pipe is laid in the ground, onto which strain gauges are attached, which transmit strain measurements to the computer. At the bottom of the box is a board that drives the ground with a jack. The dependence of stresses in the pipe on soil displacements is constructed first for a polypropylene pipe, then the stresses are converted to a steel pipe and compared with the results of computer simulation in Ansys. The discrepancy between the results is small, due to inaccuracy in the selection of models of soil behavior. Further refinement of mathematical models is planned.
Development of Principle and Methodological Provisions for Installation Site and Design of Pressure Drop Sensors for Coarse and Fine Purification Filtering Cartridges Located in a Single Vessel of a Two-Stage Gas Filter
Authors: Usachev A P , Shurayts A L , Pikalov A A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article is dedicated to the development of principles and methodological provisions for pressure drop sensors layout for coarse and fine purification filtering cartridges located in a two-stage gas filter vessel. It has been found out that static gas pressure in the lower part of the coarse and fine purification filtering cartridges is always greater than in the upper part. This conditions proportionately higher amount of flowing gas, and hence greater amount of solid particles deposited in the lower part of cylindrical filtering cartridges and, as a consequence, greater degree of filtering material contamination. Measuring pressure drop in the lower part of filtering cartridge, which is more clogged with solid particles, makes early signal at the operator console possible, which provides time for technical staff to urgently remove accumulated blockages from the coarse purification cartridge and replace the cylindrical fine purification filtering cartridges.
These methodological provisions allow the possibility for reliable sensor design and precise determination of installation locations in filter parts designed for crude, coarsely purified and finely purified gas flow, which can be used within engineering practice.
The Study of Extractionmethod of Hard-to-Recover Hydrocarbonstocks Using Oilfield Core Material
Authors: Daminev R R , Kurbangaleeva M H , Islamutdinova A A , Mukanov A S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The displacement of hard-to-recover oil by water has become the most widespread method of crude oil extraction. However, in its implementation, the oil recovery factor is insignificant. Recently for this purpose the technology of water alternation gas injectionhas become widespread. In this work, the laboratory tests were carried out in conditions of artificial oil stratumusing the samples of live oil, water and gas. For the study were usedcore material samples selectedfrom the well ofoil fields. Experiments were conducted using different models of samples and fluids under conditions of maintaining the layer pressure and back pressure with a flow rate of 0.1 ml / min.
Hypsobathymetric Models of Ksudach Caldera Complex (Kamchatka)
Authors: Kharchenko S V , Kozlov D N , Lebedeva E V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Ksudach volcano is one of the most complicated and dynamic volcanic centre of the Russian Far East located on the south of Kamchatka peninsula. Modern cone of the volcano is composite construction with five different size and time calderas, two lakes and recent Shtubel’s cone. Studying of modern terrain dynamics on the volcano can be carried out with by comparison of two digital elevation (hypso- and bathy-) models for state of 80s in the 20 century (created on the data of aerial photographs and the bathymetric surveys) and for modern state (on the data of ArcticDEM and digital echosounding bathymetric survey with synchronized satellite fixation of the profiles). The elevation models like these (for Kamchatka’s volcanes and for different it’s conditions) were created at the first time. Its comparison allowed us to recognize new underwater extrusion dome with extensive underwater gas-hydrothermal outlets. Besides this we got the possibilities for clear bordering of different-time calderas using fractures on the automatic traceabled small river profiles. Comparison of high-resolution different-time DEMs for volcanic research is relatively new and perspective way for understanding volcanic life and development.
Influence of Effective Stress on Absolute Permeability of Ultralow-Permeability Rocks
Authors: Gorshkov A M , Khomyakov I S , Subbotina M V 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe great potential of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the world is realized in shale formations represented by fractured low-permeability and ultralow-permeability reservoirs. The development of shale formations in the energy depletion mode leads to an increase in effective pressure, which has a significant effect on the permeability of low-permeability and ultralow-permeability reservoirs. A laboratory estimation of the influence of effective pressure on the absolute permeability of different litological compositions rocks with permeability from 0.1 nD to 1 mD was carried out. Absolute gas permeability was determined by the pulse decay method and the modified steady-state method under pressure conditions. The results showed that an increase in the effective pressure from 7 to 45 MPa leads to a decrease in the absolute permeability of low-permeability and ultralow-permeability reservoirs by 1.8 – 100 times, depending on the initial permeability of core samples and their lithology. Reliable correlations of absolute permeability and effective pressure for reservoirs of different types have been identified. Correlations can be used to design well flow rates for the entire period of shale formations development.
Protected Areas as a Place for Biodiversity Conservation
Authors: Vasilyev M D , Vasilyeva N V , Trofimtsev Yu I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The technogenic impact is least felt in specially protected areas whose task is to preserve rare species of animals and plants. Population dynamics is investigated effectively using mathematical models to explore various scenarios of interaction and development of populations, as well as assess the impact of the environment on the spatial-temporal dynamics of biological communities. The paper considers a non-linear model of a protected population, a feature of which is the presence of a bilocal area and the exchange of individuals between its parts. It is a system of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations that describes the dependence of migration flows on the uneven distribution of individuals on a heterogeneous area with a generalized resource. The influence of the generalized resource on the distribution of the density of parts of a population is investigated using a computational experiment. A specific feature of the model is the presence of a variable cross-diffusion coefficient, which makes it possible to describe the process of excessive concentration of individuals in the most favorable places in terms of resource availability, as a result of which individuals of the population are dispersed in search of a new resource source. The simulation results can be used in the determination of volume of fishing of populations on the unprotected part of the area, the organization of feeding points in a protected part.
Geophysical Determinants of Wind Energy Development in the Far North of Russia
Authors: Gladkiy Yu N , Sukhorukov V D , Larchenko L V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The development of the Arctic territories of Russia requires reliable sources of electricity, the nature of which is due to the geographical features of the region. In this regard, new solutions are needed. In addition to small nuclear reactors, wind energy is promising. Geophysical determinants of its development are associated by the authors not only with climate-forming factors, but also with other natural properties of the territory - orographic features, cold, permafrost, etc. It is noted about half of the enormous technical potential of Russian wind energy is concentrated in the Arctic zone. Although almost all Arctic regions have a comparable powerful potential for wind energy, the strategy for the development of wind energy largely depends on the concentration within them of the population, economic objects, transport infrastructure, etc. The contradictory relationship between the geophysical and economic conditions for the development of wind energy is analyzed. It is emphasized that in a number of remote regions of the Far North and the Far East wind energy is not a source of profit, but is designed to perform socially and environmentally important functions