bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long Cycle Life, Highly Ordered SnO2/GeO2 Nanocomposite Inverse Opal Anode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: McNulty David , Geaney Hugh , Ramasse Quentin , O'Dwyer Colm 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNanocomposite SnO2/GeO2 inverse opals (IOs) provide long cycle life with excellent capacity retention when tested as anode materials for Li‐ion batteries. It is demonstrated that the electrochemical performance of SnO2 is significantly improved via the engineering of a nanocomposite of nanoparticles of tetragonal SnO2 and hexagonal GeO2 into a highly ordered, porous inverse opal architecture. By introducing a GeO2 component, the SnO2/GeO2 IOs demonstrate stepwise lithium storage processes to improve cycling stability by mitigating capacity fade from material volume variations in a material that already improves cycling repose by its architecture. This results in higher capacity and better capacity retention. SnO2/GeO2 IOs achieve a reversible capacity of ≈880 and 690 mAh g−1 after the 50th and 250th cycles, respectively, at a specific current of 150 mA g−1. SnO2/GeO2 IOs are capable of delivering high specific capacities (average value of ≈570 mAh g−1) with stable capacity retention over 750 cycles at a specific current of 450 mA g−1. Tailoring the composition of nanocomposite metal‐oxide anodes to exploit the combination of conversion and alloying mechanisms enables stable binder‐free Li‐ion anodes. Nanoscaling the walls of the ordered macroporous structure provides efficient reversible redox lithiation mechanisms involving the oxides of Sn and Ge, which are simpler to prepare.
Integration of Polymer Synthesis and Self‐Assembly for Controlled Periodicity and Photonic Properties
Authors: Zhang Ruimeng , Qiang Zhe , Wang Muzhou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMaterials chemistry and self‐assembly properties are usually treated separately, largely limiting the real‐time control of their nanostructures and resulting macroscopic properties in advanced self‐assembled materials. This study shows a model system that integrates synthesis and self‐assembly to achieve controlled periodicity and photonic properties in block copolymers (BCPs) at defined locations. First, the BCP thin films containing a pre‐dissolved photo‐initiator are swollen with monomer vapors. Upon exposure to UV light, the photoreaction synthesizes homopolymers within the film, which simultaneously blend with the BCPs and modify the periodicity in the exposed regions. This technique is successfully adapted to cylindrical polystyrene‐b‐polyisoprene‐b‐polystyrene and lamellar polystyrene‐b‐poly(2‐vinyl pyridine) BCP thin films. This capability is especially useful in the practical application of photonic crystals, where it is shown that the stop band position of polystyrene‐b‐quaternized‐poly(2‐vinyl pyridine) photonic gel films can be successfully modulated in situ. A large‐scale pattern is then fabricated by using a photomask. This study provides a model system for integrating materials synthesis and self‐assembly to achieve spatially defined control over structural periodicity and macroscopic properties in self‐assembled materials.
Three‐ and Four‐Coordinate, Boron‐Based, Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters
Authors: Kothavale Shantaram S. , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent developments in purely organic‐material‐based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters are helping to make them suitable for commercial applications in the near future. In spite of their high external quantum efficiencies, the broad emission spectra and short device lifetimes are the main barriers to using TADF emitters. Among the classes of materials, boron‐embedded polycyclic aromatic compounds have shown potential as TADF emitters that overcome the technical issues. In particular, highly efficient boron‐based TADF emitters with the advantage of a narrowband emission spectrum have been reported recently relying on the concept of a multi‐resonance effect. Hence, boron TADF emitters have the potential to become next‐generation emitters. Based on the future scope of the boron‐based TADF emitters (especially in development of blue TADF emitters), three‐ and four‐coordinate boron TADF emitters are reviewed. Additionally, future prospects of boron‐based TADF emitters are discussed to resolve the issues of low efficiency and short lifetimes of blue emitters.
Metal–Organic Framework‐Surface‐Enhanced Infrared Absorption Platform Enables Simultaneous On‐Chip Sensing of Greenhouse Gases
Authors: Zhou Hong , Hui Xindan , Li Dongxiao , Hu Donglin , Chen Xin , He Xianming , Gao Lingxiao , Huang He , Lee Chengkuo , Mu Xiaojing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSimultaneous on‐chip sensing of multiple greenhouse gases in a complex gas environment is highly desirable in industry, agriculture, and meteorology, but remains challenging due to their ultralow concentrations and mutual interference. Porous microstructure and extremely high surface areas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) provide both excellent adsorption selectivity and high gases affinity for multigas sensing. Herein, it is described that integrating MOFs into a multiresonant surface‐enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) platform can overcome the shortcomings of poor selectivity in multigas sensing and enable simultaneous on‐chip sensing of greenhouse gases with ultralow concentrations. The strategy leverages the near‐field intensity enhancement (over 1500‐fold) of multiresonant SEIRA technique and the outstanding gas selectivity and affinity of MOFs. It is experimentally demonstrated that the MOF–SEIRA platform achieves simultaneous on‐chip sensing of CO2 and CH4 with fast response time (<60 s), high accuracy (CO2: 1.1%, CH4: 0.4%), small footprint (100 × 100 µm2), and excellent linearity in wide concentration range (0–2.5 × 104 ppm). Additionally, the excellent scalability to detect more gases is explored. This work opens up exciting possibilities for the implementation of all‐in‐one, real‐time, and on‐chip multigas detection as well as provides a valuable toolkit for greenhouse gas sensing applications.
Soybean profitability and yield component response to nitrogen fertilizer in Iowa
Authors: Córdova S. Carolina , Archontoulis Sotirios V. , Licht Mark A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNitrogen fertilizer application to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Iowa, USA, has shown inconsistent results. We performed a study in central Iowa (2015 and 2016) to investigate the effect of N fertilizer rate (0, 45, 90, 135 kg N ha−1) and application timing (planting, flowering, pod setting) on soybean yield, yield components, and to calculate the economic net return to N fertilizer. Results showed a positive effect of N fertilizer on soybean yield and yield components both years. Seed and aboveground biomass dry weight were positively correlated to N fertilizer, and both were 17% greater than No‐N treatment. Nitrogen fertilizer rate that significantly increased seed and aboveground biomass was 135 kg N ha−1 regardless of application timing (2015), or at planting (2016). Moreover, the same N fertilizer addition applied at planting benefitted seed and aboveground biomass N accumulation only in 2016 (avg. 32.00 and 34.68 g N uptake m−2, respectively), both 1.5‐times higher than No‐N treatment. Favorable environmental conditions during 2016 lead to hand‐measured yield difference of 22% compared to 2015. Economic net return analysis showed that the additional revenue from increased yield attributed to supplemental N fertilization offset the application cost, resulting in net return gains between US$5.83 to $281.89 ha−1 (all treatments except 45 kg N ha−1 on 2015). This study highlights the importance to parse out soybean yield in its components, and the need to quantify yield gains from N fertilizer additions in economic terms which shed some light on any tradeoffs.
Evaluation of the plant landscape suitability in mountain parks based on principal component analysis: A case study of Guiyang City
Authors: Yang Ting , Wang Xiu‐Rong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study covered 72 plant landscape units in three mountain parks in Guiyang Guizhou Province, China (i.e., Huaxi Park, Qianlingshan Park, and Denggaoyunshan Forest Park). We established a plant landscape suitability evaluation system for mountain parks using ecological, landscape, and social suitability as the criterion layer. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the landscape suitability of the 72 units and the composite suitability scores were ranked. The results showed that 39 units had high suitability, accounting for 54.17% of the total, leaving 33 units with poor suitability. Specifically, the plant communities with an arbor/shrub ratio of no larger than 2 (for the number of species and quantity) had high landscape suitability scores, as did plant communities with an evergreen/deciduous ratio of no smaller than 1. By contrast, all of the evergreen or all‐deciduous plant communities had low landscape suitability scores. The waterfront wetland plant communities had high overall scores, and the mountain plant communities had high ecological suitability scores. Based on the evaluation results, we proposed three strategies to guide the proper development of the plant landscapes both theoretically and practically.
Congenital microgastria‐limb reduction association: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Shah Suraj S. , Rashid Asma , Bodamer Olaf A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report a patient with phenotypic semblance to the congenital microgastria‐limb reduction association (MLRD). Our patient presented with microgastria, bilateral upper limb anomalies, asplenia, solitary kidney, and mild micrognathia. In addition to the anomalies seen in our patient, MLRD has been associated with respiratory, cardiovascular, and central nervous system anomalies. MLRD is thought to arise from a developmental field defect during embryonic weeks five and six; however, no genetic cause has been elucidated. Along with our patient presentation, we review the literature to further our understanding of the MLRD phenotype spectrum.
Pathways to impact for aquatic conservation science via multi‐modal communication and stakeholder engagement
Authors: Noble Mae M. , Fulton Christopher J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Translating scientific evidence into practical actions is a primary goal of scientists working to inform evidence‐based policy and decision‐making, but how can authors best facilitate new conservation interventions following publication of their research?
This case study used two articles in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (AQC) to examine the mechanisms and barriers to translating published aquatic science into social, ecological and policy interventions for the conservation of threatened Murray crayfish (Euastacus armatus).
These articles revealed how steep declines in Murray crayfish abundance arose from the loss of in‐stream and riparian habitats preferred by crayfish, and demonstrated the social reasons for conserving Murray crayfish to protect the wellbeing of a diversity of people (e.g. Traditional Owners, landholders, ecotourism operators).
Following publication of these articles in AQC the authors used multi‐modal communication (e.g. written briefs, personal discussions, seminars, magazine articles, media broadcasts) to translate their findings to stakeholders and the general public.
Analysis of relevant documents (e.g. management plans, public information leaflets) and stakeholder interviews uncovered a range of interventions arising from the two AQC articles. Social interventions (e.g. new public signage, ecotourism briefings) were the quickest to occur after publication (1–2 years). Although some changes in management were apparent (e.g. revised Murray crayfish action plans, monitoring programmes), systemic barriers (e.g. policy/funding timeframes) have prevented some ecological and policy interventions from being realized.
Diverse communication strategies can help rapidly translate published science into new conservation actions by giving stakeholders the right evidence in the right way to inform their particular practice. Open‐access summaries that explain findings within readily shareable media (e.g. graphical/video abstracts) can be particularly effective in raising early awareness. Some types of intervention, however, may require a long‐term perspective and assistance from boundary‐spanning knowledge brokers with an aptitude for evidence‐based policy development.
Revisiting UK Marine Protected Areas governance: A case study of a collaborative approach to managing an English MPA
Authors: Solandt Jean‐Luc , Pikesley Stephen K. , Trundle Colin , Witt Matthew J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Case studies of Marine Protected Area (MPA) upscaling were solicited from participants of a workshop at the International Marine Protected Areas Conference held in Autumn 2013 in Marseille.
One such case study was Solandt, Jones, Duval‐Diop, Kleiven, and Frangoudes (2014; Governance challenges in scaling up from individual MPAs to MPA networks. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 24, 145–152) which illustrated the role of science, non‐governmental organizations, government and local regulators in applying systemic management measures for local MPAs based on risk, highlighting the importance of balancing top‐down and bottom‐up drivers.
Here we follow up on the UK example, illustrating the incentives and actors involved in developing centralized and subsequent fisheries management measures in UK waters. Forty local laws were created to protect features in 143 inshore MPAs between 2013 and 2019.
We illustrate best practice in delivering management, focusing on multiple practitioner involvement in a single MPA and the monitoring put in place after trawling and dredging were banned.
We reflect on how the governance mechanisms in place in English inshore waters can be used as a template to allow for progressive MPA management in other coastal states.
Bioluminescence goes portable: recent advances in whole‐cell and cell‐free bioluminescence biosensors
Authors: Lopreside Antonia , Calabretta Maria Maddalena , Montali Laura , Zangheri Martina , Guardigli Massimo , Mirasoli Mara , Michelini Elisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent advancements in synthetic biology, organic chemistry, and computational models have allowed the application of bioluminescence in several fields, ranging from well established methods for detecting microbial contamination to in vivo imaging to track cancer and stem cells, from cell‐based assays to optogenetics. Moreover, thanks to recent technological progress in miniaturized and sensitive light detectors, such as photodiodes and imaging sensors, it is possible to implement laboratory‐based assays, such as cell‐based and enzymatic assays, into portable analytical devices for point‐of‐care and on‐site applications. This review highlights some recent advances in the development of whole‐cell and cell‐free bioluminescence biosensors with a glance on current challenges and different strategies that have been used to turn bioassays into biosensors with the required analytical performance. Critical issues and unsolved technical problems are also highlighted, to give the reader a taste of this fascinating and challenging field.
Hydrofoam and oxygen headspace bioreactors improve cell‐free therapeutic protein production yields through enhanced oxygen transport
Authors: Nelson J. Andrew D. , Barnett R. Jordan , Hunt J. Porter , Foutz Isaac , Welton Meagan , Bundy Bradley C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProtein therapeutics are powerful tools in the fight against diabetes, cancers, growth disorders, and many other debilitating diseases. However, availability is limited due to cost and complications of production from living organisms. To make life‐saving protein therapeutics more available to the world, the possibility of magistral or point‐of‐care protein therapeutic production has gained focus. The recent invention and optimization of lyophilized “cell‐free” protein synthesis reagents and its demonstrated ability to produce highly active versions of FDA‐approved cancer therapeutics have increased its potential for low‐cost, single‐batch, magistral medicine. Here we present for the first time the concept of increased oxygen mass transfer in small‐batch, cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) reactions through air‐water foams. These “hydrofoam” reactions increased CFPS yields by up to 100%. Contrary to traditional protein synthesis using living organisms, where foam bubbles cause cell‐lysis and production losses, hydrofoam CFPS reactions are “cell‐free” and better tolerate foaming. Simulation and experimental results suggest that oxygen transfer is limiting in even small volume batch CFPS reactors and that the hydrofoam format improved oxygen transfer. This is further supported by CFPS reactions achieving higher yields when oxygen gas replaces air in the headspace of batch reactions. Improving CFPS yields with hydrofoam reduces the overall cost of biotherapeutic production, increasing availability to the developing world. Beyond protein therapeutic production, hydrofoam CFPS could also be used to enhance other CFPS applications including biosensing, biomanufacturing, and biocatalysis.
Boost morale, decrease stress by engaging in authentic conversations
Authors: McCarthy Claudine 
Published: September 2020

Remote work, Zoom meetings, emails, texts, and social media can help you stay connected to career and family while limiting your exposure to the COVID‐19 virus, but they won't protect you from catching the loneliness bug triggered by limiting your exposure to chit‐chat. Even before the shutdown brought on by the COVID‐19 pandemic, “the world was already experiencing a loneliness epidemic,” according to Celeste Headlee, an award‐winning journalist, professional speaker, and author of Heard Mentality and We Need to Talk: How to Have Conversations That Matter. She spoke during a webinar hosted by NASPA: Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education. “The human voice is healing,” she explained, and authentic interactions boost the immune systems of those involved.
Excimer laser coronary atherectomy during complex PCI: An analysis of 1,471 laser cases from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society database
Authors: Protty Majd B. , Hussain Hussain I. , Gallagher Sean , Al‐Raisi Sara , Aldalati Omar , Farooq Vasim , Sharp Andrew S. P. , Egred Mohaned , O'Kane Peter , Ludman Peter , Anderson Richard A. , Mamas Mamas A. , Kinnaird Tim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionExcimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) is a recognized adjunctive therapy utilized in the percutaneous management of complex coronary lesions. Studies examining its safety and utility have been limited by small sample sizes. Our study examines the determinants and outcomes of ELCA.MethodsUsing the British Cardiac Intervention Society database, data were analyzed on all PCI procedures in the UK between 2006–2016. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine baseline, procedural and outcome associations with ELCA.ResultsWe identified 1,471 (0.21%) ELCA cases out of 686,358 PCI procedures. Baseline covariates associated with ELCA use were age, BMI, number of lesions, CTO or restenosis attempted and history of prior MI, CABG or PCI. Procedural co‐variates associated with ELCA were the use of glycoprotein inhibitors, intravascular imaging, rotational atherectomy, cutting balloons, microcatheters and intra‐aortic balloon pumps. Adjusted rates of in‐hospital major adverse cardiac/cerebrovascular events (MACCE) or its individual components (death, peri‐procedural MI, stroke and major bleed) were not significantly altered by the use of ELCA. However, there were higher odds of dissection (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.17–1.98), perforation (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.44–3.30), slow flow (OR: 1.67, 95% CI 1.18–2.36), reintervention (OR: 2.12, 95% CI 1.14–3.93) and arterial complications (OR: 1.63, 95% CI 1.21–2.21).ConclusionsELCA use during complex PCI is associated with higher risk baseline and procedural characteristics. Although increased rates of acute procedural complications were observed, ELCA does not increase likelihood of in‐hospital MACCE or its individual components.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cytology practice: An international survey in the Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Wang Yeh‐Han , Bychkov Andrey , Chakrabarti Indranil , Jain Deepali , Liu Zhiyan , He Shurong , Hanum Sitti Fatimah , Bakrin Ikmal , Templo Felipe , Nguyen Truong , Kumarasinghe Priyanthi , Jung Chan Kwon , Kakudo Kennichi , Chen Chien‐Chin 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on various aspects of cytology practice in the Asia‐Pacific region.MethodsAn online questionnaire was distributed to cytopathology laboratories in 24 Asia‐Pacific countries to explore the impact of restrictive measures on access to health care, use of general and personal protective equipment (PPE), and changes in cytology workflow and workload from February to April 2020.ResultsA total of 167 cytopathology laboratories from 24 countries responded to the survey; the majority reported that restrictive measures that limited the accessibility of health care services had been implemented in their cities and/or countries (80.8%) and their hospitals (83.8%). The respondents noted that COVID‐19 had an impact on the cytologic workflow as well as the workload. Approximately one‐half of the participants reported the implementation of new biosafety protocols (54.5%) as well as improvements in laboratory facilities (47.3%). Rearrangement or redeployment of the workforce was reported in 53.3% and 34.1% of laboratories, respectively. The majority of the respondents reported a significant reduction (>10%) in caseload associated with both gynecological (82.0%) and nongynecological specimens (78.4%). Most laboratories reported no significant change in the malignancy rates of both gynecological (67.7%) and nongynecological specimens (58.7%) compared with the same period in 2019.ConclusionsThe results of the survey demonstrated that the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a significant reduction in the number of cytology specimens examined along with the need to implement new biosafety protocols. These findings underscore the need for the worldwide standardization of biosafety protocols and cytology practice.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Single‐ and Multiple‐Dose Once‐Daily Baricitinib in Healthy Chinese Subjects: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Zhao Xia , Sheng Xiao Yan , Payne Christopher D. , Zhang Xin , Wang Feng , Cui Yi Min 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this phase 1 study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of baricitinib after single and multiple doses in healthy Chinese adults. Eligible subjects received a once‐daily dose of baricitinib 2, 4, or 10 mg or placebo on day 1 (single dose) and days 4 through 10 for 7 consecutive days (multiple doses). Plasma pharmacokinetic samples were collected up to 48 hours after dosing on days 1 and 10, with predose samples collected before dosing on day 1 and days 4 through 10. Safety and tolerability were also assessed. Baricitinib was rapidly absorbed, reaching peak plasma concentrations within 0.5 to 1 hour (median). Plasma concentrations declined rapidly following the attainment of peak concentrations, with a mean terminal half‐life of 5.7 to 7.3 hours. Steady‐state plasma concentrations of baricitinib were achieved after the second day of once‐daily dosing, with minimal accumulation of baricitinib in plasma (up to 10% increase in area under the plasma concentration–time curve). Single‐ and multiple‐dose mean values for area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity and maximum plasma concentration appeared to increase in an approximately dose‐proportional manner across the dose range. Single and multiple oral doses of once‐daily baricitinib up to 10 mg were well tolerated by healthy Chinese subjects.