bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of monoterpenes on ex vivo transungual delivery of itraconazole for the management of onychomycosis
Authors: Abdollahi Diba , Jafariazar Zahra , Afshar Minoo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis, a fungal nail infection, is an important problem as it may cause local pain, paresthesia, difficulties in performing activities of daily life, and impair social interactions. Systemic treatment of onychomycosis presents safety issues due to possible drug‐drug interactions and severe side effects. Although topical therapy of onychomycosis is advantageous due to its localized effect, the efficacy of such therapy depends on achieving effective concentrations of antifungal agents at the infection site. An approach to reach to this end would be driving benefit from synergic activity of antifungal agents for example itraconazole and monoterpenes. However, because of low transungual penetration of itraconazole, a molecule with high molecular weight and very low water‐solubility, the effect of the latter compounds on itraconazole nail delivery should be investigated, which was the aim of this study.MethodsEx vivo permeation experiments were carried out through soaking the nail clippings of ten healthy volunteers in control and working solutions containing itraconazole (1 mg mL−1) and itraconazole (1 mg mL−1) plus 6% of each monoterpene including camphor, eucalyptol, menthol, and thymol, respectively, for 36 hours. The amount of itraconazole in nail clippings was quantified hereafter using a validated HPLC method.ResultsStatistical analysis showed that itraconazole transungual permeation was not influenced by the studied monoterpenes (P value > .05).ConclusionThese results provided a new perspective for designing topical dosage forms for the treatment of onychomycosis.
Newly graduated nurses' clinical competencies and need for further training in acute care hospitals
Authors: Willman Anna , Bjuresäter Kaisa , Nilsson Jan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo assess self‐reported clinical competence and the need for further training among newly graduated registered nurses (NGRNs) working in Swedish acute care hospital settings.BackgroundNGRNs are expected to take full responsibility for patients' nursing care in an increasingly complex clinical context, and professional nurses' clinical competence is critical in providing high‐quality and safe nursing care.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsData were collected using the 50‐item ProffNurse SAS II. A total of 85 NGRNs who had recently commenced working with direct patient care at three hospitals in central Sweden participated in the study. The response rate was 69%. The STROBE cross‐sectional reporting guidelines were used.ResultsThe NGRNs assessed their clinical competence as being highest in areas relating to team collaboration and ethics and lowest in areas relating to professional development and direct clinical practice. The need for further training was greatest in areas such as direct clinical practice and patient safety and lowest in areas such as team collaborating and ethics.ConclusionThe use of instruments to identify NGRNs' self‐assessed clinical competence is of value when designing and evaluating introductory programmes for NGRNs taking on positions in acute care hospital settings. The availability of experienced nurses from whom NGRNs can gain clinical competence and learn from is of importance, both from the perspective of the NGRNs themselves and patient safety.Relevance to clinical practiceAn understanding of NGRNs' clinical competence and their need for further training may assist in both planning and organising nursing programmes and in making clinical policy decisions when designing introduction programmes in acute care settings.
Enteral hydration in high‐flow therapy for infants with bronchiolitis: Secondary analysis of a randomised trial
Authors: Babl Franz E , Franklin Donna , Schlapbach Luregn J , Oakley Ed , Dalziel Stuart , Whitty Jennifer A , Neutze Jocelyn , Furyk Jeremy , Craig Simon , Fraser John F , Jones Mark , Schibler Andreas ,   Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative and Pediatric Critical Care Research Group
Published: February 2020

AimNasal high‐flow oxygen therapy is increasingly used in infants for supportive respiratory therapy in bronchiolitis. It is unclear whether enteral hydration is safe in children receiving high‐flow.MethodsWe performed a planned secondary analysis of a multi‐centre, randomised controlled trial of infants aged <12 months with bronchiolitis and an oxygen requirement. Children were assigned to treatment with either high‐flow or standard‐oxygen therapy with optional rescue high‐flow. We assessed adverse events based on how children on high‐flow were hydrated: intravenously (IV), via bolus or continuous nasogastric tube (NGT) or orally.ResultsA total of 505 patients on high‐flow via primary study assignment (n = 408), primary treatment (n = 10) or as rescue therapy (n = 87) were assessed. While on high flow, 15 of 505 (3.0%) received only IV fluids, 360 (71.3%) received only enteral fluids and 93 (18.4%) received both IV and enteral fluids. The route was unknown in 37 (7.3%). Of the 453 high‐flow infants hydrated enterally patients could receive one or more methods of hydration; 80 (15.8%) received NGT bolus, 217 (43.0%) NGT continuous, 118 (23.4%) both bolus and continuous, 32 (6.3%) received only oral hydration and 171 (33.9%) a mix of NGT and oral hydration.None of the patients receiving oral or NGT hydration on high‐flow sustained pulmonary aspiration (0%; 95% confidence interval N/A); one patient had a pneumothorax (0.2%; 95% confidence interval 0.0–0.7%).ConclusionsThe vast majority of children with hypoxic respiratory failure in bronchiolitis can be safely hydrated enterally during the period when they receive high‐flow.
Complete surgical excision versus Penrose drainage for the treatment of elbow hygroma in 19 dogs (1997 to 2014)
Authors: Angelou V. , Papazoglou L. G. , Tsioli V. , Psalla D. , Anagnostou T. , Chatzimisios K. , Pavlidis L. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo report results of surgical excision and Penrose drainage for the treatment of elbow hygromas in dogs.Materials and MethodsRetrospective review of the clinical records of 19 dogs with elbow hygromas treated with Penrose drainage or surgical excision between 1997 and 2014. The data retrieved from the records included breed, gender, age, duration of clinical signs, weight, historical data, complete blood count and serum biochemistry, physical examination findings, diameter of the hygroma, cytology of needle aspirates, method of treatment, histological findings, postsurgical complications and their management and outcome.ResultsTwenty‐one hygromas were treated in 19 dogs. Eleven were right‐sided, six were left‐sided and four were bilateral. First‐line treatment was Penrose drain placement in 12 and complete surgical excision in nine. Bilateral hygromas were addressed simultaneously. Four of the 12 hygromas managed with Penrose drain recurred and one developed ulceration over the olecranon. Recurrent hygromas were treated by surgical excision. The ulceration was surgically excised and reconstructed with a thoracodorsal axial pattern flap. No further complications developed. All the dogs were clinically healthy after a median follow‐up of 16 months.Clinical SignificanceSurgical excision of canine elbow hygroma is an effective technique that appears to have fewer postoperative complications than Penrose drain placement.
Metabolic regulation of hepatic PNPLA3 expression and severity of liver fibrosis in patients with NASH
Authors: Bruschi Francesca V. , Tardelli Matteo , Herac Merima , Claudel Thierry , Trauner Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe genetic PNPLA3 polymorphism I148M has been extensively associated with higher risk for development and progression of NAFLD towards NASH.MethodsPNPLA3 and α‐SMA expression were quantified in liver biopsies collected from NASH patients (n = 26) with different fibrosis stages and PNPLA3 genotypes. To study the potential mechanisms driving PNPLA3 expression during NASH progression towards fibrosis, hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were cultivated in low and high glucose medium. Moreover, hepatocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of palmitic acid alone or in combination with glucose. Conditioned media were collected from challenged hepatocytes to stimulate HSCs.ResultsTissue expression of PNPLA3 was significantly enhanced in biopsies of patients carrying the I148M polymorphism compared to wild type (WT). In NASH biopsies, PNPLA3 significantly correlated with fibrosis stage and α‐SMA levels independently of PNPLA3 genotype. In line, PNPLA3 expression was higher in α‐SMA positive cells. Low glucose increased PNPLA3 in HSCs, whereas high glucose induced PNPLA3 and de‐novo lipogenesis‐related genes expression in hepatocytes. Palmitic acid induced fat accumulation and cell stress markers in hepatocytes, which could be counteracted by oleic acid. Conditioned media collected from lipotoxic challenged hepatocytes markedly induced PNPLA3 mRNA and protein levels, fibrogenic and autophagic markers and promoted migration in HSCs. Notably, conditioned media collected from hepatocytes cultivated with both glucose and palmitic acid exacerbated HSCs migration, PNPLA3 and fibrogenic gene expression, promoting release of cytokines from HSCs.ConclusionsCollectively, our observations uncover the diverse metabolic regulation of PNPLA3 among different hepatic cell populations and support its relation to fibrosis progression.
Galactic cosmic ray effects on iron and nickel isotopes in iron meteorites
Authors: Cook David L. , Leya Ingo , Schönbächler Maria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present model calculations for cosmogenic production rates in order to quantify the potential effects of spallation and neutron capture reactions on Fe and Ni isotopes in iron meteorites. We aim to determine whether the magnitude of any cosmogenic effects on the isotopic ratios of Fe and/or Ni may hinder the search for nucleosynthetic variations in these elements or in the application of the 60Fe‐60Ni chronometer. The model shows that neutron capture reactions are the dominant source of shifts in Fe and Ni isotopic ratios and that spallation reactions are mostly negligible. The effects on 60Ni are sensitive to the Co/Ni ratio in the metal. The total galactic cosmic ray (GCR) effects on 60Ni and 64Ni can be minimized through the choice of normalizing isotopes (61Ni/58Ni versus 62Ni/58Ni). In nearly all cases, the GCR effects (neutron capture and/or spallation) on Fe and Ni isotopic ratios are smaller than the current analytical resolution of the isotopic measurements. The model predictions are compared to the Fe and Ni isotopic compositions measured in a suite of six group IAB irons with a range of cosmic ray exposure histories. The experimental data are in good agreement with the model results. The minimal effects of GCRs on Fe and Ni isotopes should not hamper the search for nucleosynthetic variations in these two elements or the application of the 60Fe‐60Ni chronometer in iron meteorites or chondrites.
Can Skeptics Earn Their Keep?
Authors: Kvanvig Jonathan L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the prospects for skepticism once we distinguish between bare skeptical theses and arguments and mature philosophical theory. If all skeptics have to offer is bare theses and arguments, skepticism presents only a challenge of reflective equilibrium. But if skeptics can move toward developed theory, then skeptics have, as I will put it, earned their keep. Just as foundationalism should be taken seriously in part because theory development goes well beyond a mere regress argument for the view, just so skepticism needs theory development to be taken seriously as well. The problem is that it is not clear that theory development is possible for skeptics. Here I articulate this concern and give some grounds for thinking that it can be overcome.
Recombinant elongation factor 1 alpha of Haemonchus contortus affects the functions of goat PBMCs
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad , Gadahi Javaid Ali , Lu MingMin , Yan RuoFeng , Xu LiXin , Song XiaoKai , Zhu Xing‐Quan , Du AiFang , Hu Min , Li XiangRui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExcretory/secretory proteins of Haemonchus contortus (HcESPs) intermingle comprehensively with host immune cells and modulate host immune responses. In this study, H contortus ES antigen named as elongation factor 1 alpha (HcEF‐1α) was cloned and expressed. The influences of recombinant HcEF‐1α on multiple functions of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were observed in vitro. Immunoblot analysis revealed that rHcEF‐1α was recognized by the serum of goat infected with H contortus. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that rHcEF‐1α was bound on surface of PBMCs. Moreover, the productions of IL‐4, TGF‐β1, IFN‐γ and IL‐17 of cells were significantly modulated by the incubation with rHcEF‐1α. The production of interleukin IL‐10 was decreased. Cell migration, cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were significantly increased; however, nitric oxide production (NO) was significantly decreased. The MHC II molecule expression of cells incubated with rHcEF‐1α was increased significantly, whereas MHC‐I was not changed as compared to the control groups (PBS control and pET32a). These findings indicated that rHcEF‐1α protein might play essential roles in functional regulations of HcESPs on goat PBMC and mediate the immune responses of the host during host‐parasite relationship.
Granuloma in the explanted lungs: Infectious causes and impact on post‐lung transplant mycobacterial infection
Authors: Kabbani Dima , Kozlowski Hannah N. , Cervera Carlos , Chaparro Cecilia , Singer Lianne , Rotstein Coleman , Keshavjee Shaf , Husain Shahid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe significance of granuloma in explanted lungs of lung transplant recipients (LTR) on the development of post‐transplant mycobacterial infection is unclear.MethodsA retrospective review comparing LTRs and heart‐lung transplant (H‐LTR) recipients with granuloma in the explanted lungs between 2000 and 2012 (excluding those LTRs with granuloma due to sarcoidosis) and LTRs or H‐LTRs without granuloma. Patients were followed for 2 years post‐transplant.ResultsA total of 144 LTRs and 4 H‐LTRs with granulomas (75 necrotizing and 73 non‐necrotizing) and a comparator cohort of 144 LTRs and 4 H‐LTRs without granuloma were analyzed. In LTRs with granulomas, identification of infectious organisms was more common by histopathology (35 AFB and 22 fungal) compared to cultures (six NTM and seven fungal) taken around time of the transplant. LTRs with granulomas were more likely to have pre‐transplant non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection compared to LTRs without granuloma; P < .01. In the multivariate analysis, having granuloma or positive mycobacterial cultures at time of transplant were associated with increased risk of post‐transplant mycobacterial infection (HR = 1.8 95% CI [1.024‐3.154]; P = .041 and HR = 2.083 95% CI [1.011‐4.292]; P = .047). Although there was a trend toward increase mycobacterial disease in those with granulomas P = .056, there was no difference in survival post‐transplantation between those with or without granuloma in the explanted lung; P = .886.ConclusionThe presence of granuloma in the explanted lungs of LTRs or positive mycobacterial cultures at time of transplant is associated with an increased risk of mycobacterial infection post‐transplant.
The Organizational Culture and Local Culture in the Internationalization Process: An Analysis Through Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Baptista Renato Dias , Putti Fernando Ferrari , Santini Pigatto Giuliana Aparecida , Cremasco Gabriel Camila Pires , Gabriel Filho Luís Roberto Almeida 
Published: February 2020

The internationalization process of production has marked the world scenarios since the last decades and has influenced the complex interrelationships between the local culture and organizational culture. The culture shock was a recurring phenomenon and made the internationalization started to absorb elements of local culture as determining factors in expansion strategies. The aim of this paper is to analyze the favorable conditions of the organizational culture to manage the local culture. This is a preliminary study that aimed to integrate qualitative and quantitative factors with a fuzzy logic system. To achieve this goal, three elements were analyzed and interrelated: values, organizational structure, and management practices of human resources. A fuzzy mathematical model that considers the different weights to the elements analyzed leading to the identification of the favorability of the organizational culture in managing the local culture was developed. Petrobras, a transnational corporation with unity in Bolivia, whose major shareholder is the Brazilian government, was studied to empirically identify how the elements interact and are incorporated into internationalization strategies.
Dropwise Condensation 2019 Max Jakob Memorial Award Paper
Authors: Rose John W. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
It was an honor to receive the Max Jakob Memorial Award for 2018. This invited paper is based on the award lecture and is written in an informal style expanding on the lecture and focusing on work in which I have been involved over the past 60 years. Early experimental and theoretical work was published only in conference proceedings when this was regarded an alternative to a journal and not, as seems to be the case nowadays, prior to journal publication or for incomplete work. I welcome this opportunity to clarify and make some of this earlier work more readily accessible. My comments on more recent work of others are also included.
An Investigation of Tooth Tip Leakages in Gerotor Pumps: Modeling and Experimental Validation
Authors: Rituraj Fnu , Vacca Andrea 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Gerotors are inexpensive positive displacement pumps commonly used in hydrostatic transmissions, fuel injection, and automotive lubrication systems. In these pumps, leakages at the tooth tips of the gears are the major source of volumetric losses that prevents their usage in high pressure applications. However, due to the curvature of typical gear profiles, the flow relations available in the literature do not accurately model this leakage flow. In this paper, a novel tooth tip leakage flow model is developed based on dimensional analysis. Key geometric and flow parameters are identified and a set of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are conducted on the tooth tip geometry to establish the flow relationship. This relationship is first verified with the analytical formulation derived from Reynolds equation. Then, an experimental setup is designed to reproduce the flow conditions at the tooth tip of gerotors. Experiments are conducted for a range of geometric and flow parameters, and results from the experiments are used to validate the proposed leakage flow model. The tooth tip leakage flow model developed and validated in this work is valuable for pump designers in determining the impact of gear geometry and clearances on volumetric performance of the pump. Moreover, the model can be readily used in any lumped parameter based simulation tool permitting a fast and accurate prediction of the tooth tip leakage flow and hence the volumetric efficiency of the unit.
Kendo Protective Equipment Prevents Quick Access for Resuscitation During Sudden Cardiac Arrest: A Cross-Over Manikin Study
Authors: Tanaka Shota , Ueta Hiroki , Sagisaka Ryo , Sakanashi Shuji , Hara Takahiro , Tanaka Hideharu 
Published: February 2020

Protective equipment in sports can be a barrier to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) treatment, but no Kendo-related data are available. In order to enhance the SCA survival rate, we aimed to determine whether Kendo protective equipment should be removed before or after an automated external defibrillator (AED) has arrived by measuring the quality and timeframe of cardiopulmonary resuscitation administration. Eighteen collegiate female Kendo players were instructed to treat the patient with SCA under two conditions: (a) equipment removal [ER] condition; (b) no equipment removal [NER] condition. Chest compression initiation was delayed during simulated cardiac arrest situations in Kendo, but the SCA quality was much better without protective equipment. When a layperson is only a nonhealthcare professional female, Kendo protective equipment becomes a barrier for quick access during SCA treatment of Kendo players.
Does a web-based decision aid improve informed choice for fertility preservation in women with breast cancer (DECISIF)? Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Benoit Alexandra , Grynberg Michael , Morello Rémy , Sermondade Nathalie , Grandazzi Guillaume , Moutel Grégoire 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionChemotherapy may cause infertility in young survivors of breast cancer. Various fertility preservation techniques increase the likelihood of survivors becoming genetic mothers. Disclosure of cancer diagnosis may impact decision making about fertility preservation. This protocol will develop and test the effectiveness of a web-based decision aid for helping women with breast cancer to make well-informed choices about fertility preservation.Methods and analysisThis study will be conducted in three phases using mixed methods. In phase I, the aim is to develop a web-based patient decision aid (PDA) in French with a steering committee and using a focus group of five women already treated for breast cancer. In phase II, the face validity of the decision aid will be assessed using questionnaires. In phase III, the PDA will be assessed by a two-arm randomised controlled trial. This will involve a quantitative evaluation of the PDA in clinical practice comparing the quality of the decision-making process between usual care and the PDA. The primary outcome will be informed choice and its components. The secondary outcomes will be decisional conflict and anxiety. Data will be collected during and after an oncofertility consultation. Phase III is underway. Since September 2018, 52 participants have been enrolled in the study and have completed the survey. We expect to have results by February 2020 for a total of 186 patients.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol was approved by the Ouest V Research Ethics Board. Results will be spread through peer-reviewed publications, and reported at suitable meetings.Trial registration numberThe ClinicalTrials.gov registry .(NCT03591848).