bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of substrate geometry and flow condition on the turbulence generation after a monolith
Authors: Cornejo Ivan , Nikrityuk Petr , Hayes Robert E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper reports a study of turbulence generation after a monolith honeycomb. Large eddy simulation is used to analyze the turbulence generated when steady, turbulent, or pulsating flow leaves a monolith channel. Substrates with different cell densities, wall thicknesses, and channel cross‐sectional shapes are investigated. The results show that the magnitude of the turbulence generated depends on the wall thickness and monolith void fraction, though not much on the cell density. For pulsating flow, different frequency of the pulsations produced only slightly different results, however, the amplitude of the pulsations is proportional to the magnitude of the turbulence generated. The outflow of the channels can act as a jet and trigger turbulence along a distance from 10 to 30 channel diameters, significantly affecting the total pressure drop and the inlet conditions for elements in series downstream, such as particulate filters or other substrates.
Highly Porous Hybrid Metal–Organic Nanoparticles Loaded with Gemcitabine Monophosphate: a Multimodal Approach to Improve Chemo‐ and Radiotherapy
Authors: Li Xue , Porcel Erika , Menendez‐Miranda Mario , Qiu Jingwen , Yang Xiaomin , Serre Christian , Pastor Alexandra , Desmaële Didier , Lacombe Sandrine , Gref Ruxandra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNanomedicine recently emerged as a novel strategy to improve the performance of radiotherapy. Herein we report the first application of radioenhancers made of nanoscale metal‐organic frameworks (nanoMOFs), loaded with gemcitabine monophosphate (Gem‐MP), a radiosensitizing anticancer drug. Iron trimesate nanoMOFs possess a regular porous structure with oxocentered Fe trimers separated by around 5 Å (trimesate linkers). This porosity is favorable to diffuse the electrons emitted from nanoMOFs due to activation by γ radiation, leading to water radiolysis and generation of hydroxyl radicals which create nanoscale damages in cancer cells. Moreover, nanoMOFs act as “Trojan horses”, carrying their Gem‐MP cargo inside cancer cells to interfere with DNA repair. By displaying different mechanisms of action, both nanoMOFs and incorporated Gem‐MP contribute to improve radiation efficacy. The radiation enhancement factor of Gem‐MP loaded nanoMOFs reaches 1.8, one of the highest values ever reported. These results pave the way toward the design of engineered nanoparticles in which each component plays a role in cancer treatment by radiotherapy.
Self‐Assembly and Neurotoxicity of β‐Amyloid (21–40) Peptide Fragment: The Regulatory Role of GxxxG Motifs
Authors: Sarkar Dibakar , Chakraborty Ipsita , Condorelli Marcello , Ghosh Baijayanti , Mass Thorben , Weingarth Markus , Mandal Atin K , La Rosa Carmelo , Subramanian Vivekanandan , Bhunia Anirban 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe three GxxxG repeating motifs from the C‐terminal region of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptide play a significant role in regulating the aggregation kinetics of the peptide. Mutation of these glycine residues to leucine greatly accelerates the fibrillation process but generates a varied toxicity profile. Using an array of biophysical techniques, we demonstrated the uniqueness of the composite glycine residues in these structural repeats. We used solvent relaxation NMR spectroscopy to investigate the role played by the surrounding water molecules in determining the corresponding aggregation pathway. Notably, the conformational changes induced by Gly33 and Gly37 mutations result in significantly decreased toxicity in a neuronal cell line. Our results indicate that G33xxxG37 is the primary motif responsible for Aβ neurotoxicity, hence providing a direct structure–function correlation. Targeting this motif, therefore, can be a promising strategy to prevent neuronal cell death associated with Alzheimer's and other related diseases, such as type II diabetes and Parkinson's.
Cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture of the entorhinal cortex of the common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: de Góis Morais Paulo L. A. , de Lima Ruthnaldo R. M. , Ríos‐Flórez Jorge A. , Melo Túlio F. V. , Clascá Francisco , de Souza Cavalcante Jeferson , Guzen Fausto P. , Cavalcanti José R. L. P. , Nascimento Junior Expedito S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe entorhinal cortex (EC) is associated with impaired cognitive function such as in the case of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. The present study provides a detailed analysis of the cytoarchitectural and myeloarchitectural organization of the EC in the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus. Data were collected using Nissl and fiber stained preparations, supplemented with acetylcholinesterase and parvalbumin immunohistochemistry. The EC layers and subfields in the marmoset seem to be architectonically similar to those that have been proposed in nonhuman primates and humans to date; however, slight differences could be revealed using the present techniques. Throughout its rostrocaudal length, the entorhinal cortex presents a clear six‐layered pattern. The entorhinal cortex is divided into six fields, named mainly in accordance to their rostrocaudal and mediolateral positions. At rostral levels, the neurons tend to be organized in patches that are surrounded by large, thick, radially oriented bundles of fibers, and the deep layers are poorly developed. At caudal levels, the divisions are more laminated in appearance. AChE staining at the borders of adjacent fields are consistent with the changes in layering revealed in Nissl‐stained sections, of which the lateral regions of the EC display denser AChE staining than that of the medial banks. PV immunoreactivity was found in the labeled somata, dendrites, and axons in all layers and subdivisions. Additionally, we distinguished three subtypes of PV‐immunoreactive neurons: multipolar, bipolar and spherical‐shaped neurons, based on the shape of the somata and the disposition of the dendrites.
Genetic Risk Scores
Authors: Igo Robert P. , Kinzy Tyler G. , Cooke Bailey Jessica N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenome‐wide variation data with millions of genetic markers have become commonplace. However, the potential for interpretation and application of these data for clinical assessment of outcomes of interest, and prediction of disease risk, is currently not fully realized. Many common complex diseases now have numerous, well‐established risk loci and likely harbor many genetic determinants with effects too small to be detected at genome‐wide levels of statistical significance. A simple and intuitive approach for converting genetic data to a predictive measure of disease susceptibility is to aggregate the effects of these loci into a single measure, the genetic risk score. Here, we describe some common methods and software packages for calculating genetic risk scores and polygenic risk scores, with focus on studies of common complex diseases. We review the basic information needed, as well as important considerations for constructing genetic risk scores, including specific requirements for phenotypic and genetic data, and limitations in their application. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Long‐term effects of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibition with ORM‐11035 improves cardiac function and remodelling without lowering blood pressure in a model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Primessnig Uwe , Bracic Taja , Levijoki Jouko , Otsomaa Leena , Pollesello Piero , Falcke Martin , Pieske Burkert , Heinzel Frank R. 
Published: November 2019

AimsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly common but there is currently no established pharmacological therapy. We hypothesized that ORM‐11035, a novel specific Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) inhibitor, improves cardiac function and remodelling independent of effects on arterial blood pressure in a model of cardiorenal HFpEF.Methods and resultsRats were subjected to subtotal nephrectomy (NXT) or sham operation. Eight weeks after intervention, treatment for 16 weeks with ORM‐11035 (1 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle was initiated. At 24 weeks, blood pressure measurements, echocardiography and pressure–volume loops were performed. Contractile function, Ca2+ transients and NCX‐mediated Ca2+ extrusion were measured in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. NXT rats (untreated) showed a HFpEF phenotype with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, LV end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) elevation, increased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, preserved ejection fraction and pulmonary congestion. In cardiomyocytes from untreated NXT rats, early relaxation was prolonged and NCX‐mediated Ca2+ extrusion was decreased. Chronic treatment with ORM‐11035 significantly reduced LV hypertrophy and cardiac remodelling without lowering systolic blood pressure. LVEDP [14 ± 3 vs. 9 ± 2 mmHg; NXT (n = 12) vs. NXT + ORM (n = 12); P = 0.0002] and BNP levels [71 ± 12 vs. 49 ± 11 pg/mL; NXT (n = 12) vs. NXT + ORM (n = 12); P < 0.0001] were reduced after ORM treatment. LV cardiomyocytes from ORM‐treated rats showed improved active relaxation and diastolic cytosolic Ca2+ decay as well as restored NCX‐mediated Ca2+ removal, indicating NCX modulation with ORM‐11035 as a promising target in the treatment of HFpEF.ConclusionChronic inhibition of NCX with ORM‐11035 significantly attenuated cardiac remodelling and diastolic dysfunction without lowering systemic blood pressure in this model of HFpEF. Therefore, long‐term treatment with selective NCX inhibitors such as ORM‐11035 should be evaluated further in the treatment of heart failure.
The IL‐12‐STAT4 axis in the pathogenesis of human systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ueno Hideki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGeneration of autoantibodies is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As demonstrated in a number of lupus mouse models, recent evidence suggests that both GC and extrafollicular pathways contribute to the generation of autoantibodies also in human SLE, and that CD11c+ IgD−CD27−(double negative:DN) B cells play a central role in the latter pathway. In this mini‐review, the author will first briefly summarize the features of CD11c+ DN B cells in human SLE, and discuss how the IL‐12‐STAT4 axis might contribute to the generation of autoantibodies in SLE. In addition, various types of CD4+ helper T cell subsets promoting the generation of autoantibodies in SLE will be described, and finally it will be discussed how these recent discoveries contribute to understanding of SLE pathogenesis and treatment of SLE patients.
A verifiable hidden policy CP‐ABE with decryption testing scheme and its application in VANET
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhang Xing , Xie Xin , Ding Yi , Kumar Sachin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a new kind of cryptographic primitive, attribute‐based encryption (ABE) is widely used in various complex scenarios because it has the characteristic of access control while encrypting messages. However, the existing ciphertext policy ABE (CP‐ABE) encryption schemes have some inherent defects, such as the lack of privacy‐preserving and inefficient decryption. These weak points make them difficult to play a role in scenarios with high real‐time and high data confidentiality requirements, for example, vehicle ad hoc network (VANET). Therefore, we proposed a verifiable hidden policy CP‐ABE with decryption testing scheme (or VHPDT, for short). It has the following features: hidden policy to privacy‐preserving and outsourced decryption testing can verify the correctness of the decrypted result. Furthermore, we apply it into VANET.
Medicaid expansion and opioid deaths
Authors: Averett Susan L. , Smith Julie K. , Wang Yang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic, and drug overdose deaths are becoming a leading cause of death. Meanwhile, in 2010, the United States passed comprehensive health care reform providing access to care for millions of individuals who previously lacked care. Part of the new access came from expanding Medicaid, the insurance program for low‐income individuals. Expanding Medicaid was optional for states. Those individuals living in expansion states gained prescription drug coverage and hence more access to opioid pain‐relievers that are known to be addictive. However, they also gained access to medication‐assisted treatment for addiction. This paper uses a difference‐in‐differences approach and state‐level data from 2010 to 2017 to compare opioid death rates in expansion and non‐expansion states to determine if Medicaid expansion was a potential cause of rising opioid deaths. We find no evidence that Medicaid expansion is related to opioid deaths.
The influence of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide on the initial adhesion of Streptococcus mitis and mutans
Authors: Taxis Juergen , von Wilmowsky Cornelius , Pedimonte Birgit J. , Beuscher Horst‐Ulrich , Ries Jutta , Kesting Marco , Moest Tobias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use of nanoscale surface modifications offers a possibility to regulate the bacterial adherence behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide of different pore diameters on the bacterial species Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans. Nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) surfaces with an average pore diameter of 15 and 40 nm, polished pure titanium and compact aluminum oxide (alumina) samples as reference material were investigated. S. mitis and mutans were evaluated for initial adhesion and viability after an incubation period of 30 and 120 min. After 30 min a significantly reduced growth of S. mitis and mutans on 15 nm samples compared to specimens with 40 nm pore diameter, alumina and titanium surfaces could be observed (p < .001). Even after 120 min incubation there was a significant difference between the surfaces with 15 nm pore diameter and the remaining samples (p < .001). AAO surfaces with a small pore diameter have an inhibitory effect on the initial adhesion of S. mitis and mutans. The use of such pore dimensions in the area of the implant shoulder represents a possibility to reduce the adhesion behavior of these bacterial species.
Isolation and Identification of Current Biosurfactant‐Producing Microbacterium maritypicum ABR5 as a Candidate for Oily Sludge Recovery
Authors: Akbari Elham , Beheshti‐Maal Keivan , Rasekh Behnam , Emami‐Karvani Zarrindokht , Omidi Meisam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBiosurfactants have a wide range of applications in different areas, including petroleum microbiology and environmental biotechnology. In this study, removing and recovering oil from oily sludge using microbactan‐producing bacteria have been investigated. The best biosurfactant‐producing isolate was obtained from a petroleum reservoir and was identified by 16S rDNA analysis as Microbacterium maritypicum ABR5. Its 16S rDNA sequence was deposited in GenBank, NCBI under the accession number MK100468. Chemical analysis using thin‐layer chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared confirmed that the produced biosurfactant was glycolipoprotein. The strain reduced surface tension from 72 to 34.6 mN m−1. The addition of 5 mg L ZnO nanoparticles to the biosurfactant‐producing medium showed no bacterial toxicity effect and raised the emulsification index to 25.7%. Higher concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles, such as 10 and 100 mg L, decreased the bacterial growth rate and biosurfactant production. The mixing of M. maritypicum ABR5 culture medium and oily sludge increased the oil recovery from oily sludge by up to 70% after 5 days of incubation. This is the first report of biosurfactant production by a newly identified strain, M. maritypicum ABR5, isolated from a petroleum reservoir. We proposed that the isolated biosurfactant‐producing strain could be considered an economical asset for oil recovery from oily sludge in the petroleum industry and environmental biotechnology.
Cost‐efficient numerical algorithm for solving the linear inverse problem of finding a variable magnetization
Authors: Akimova Elena N. , Martyshko Petr S. , Misilov Vladimir E. , Miftakhov Valeriy O. 
Published: November 2019

The paper is devoted to developing an original cost‐efficient algorithm for solving the inverse problem of finding a variable magnetization in a rectangular parallelepiped. The problem is ill‐posed and is described by the integral Fredholm equation.It is shown that after discretization of the area and approximation of the integral operator, this problem is reduced to solving a system of linear algebraic equations with the Toeplitz‐block‐Toeplitz matrix. We have constructed the memory efficient variant of the stabilized biconjugate gradient method BiCGSTABmem. This optimized algorithm exploits the special structure of the matrix to reduce the memory requirements and computing time.The efficient implementation is developed for multicore CPU and GPU. A series of the model problems with synthetic and real magnetic data are solved. Investigation of efficiency and speedup of parallel algorithm is performed.
A phase 1, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in Japanese and Caucasian healthy adult subjects
Authors: Ermer James , Martin Patrick , Corcoran Mary , Matsuo Yumiko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo assess safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in Japanese and Caucasian healthy adults.MethodsA phase 1, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐ and multiple‐dose study in Japanese and Caucasian subjects. Subjects received lisdexamfetamine 20 mg or placebo on Day 1, then lisdexamfetamine 20 mg/d (Days 4‐8), 50 mg/d (Days 9‐13), 70 mg/d (Days 14‐18), or matching placebo. Pharmacokinetic parameters for lisdexamfetamine and d‐amphetamine were estimated by noncompartmental analysis.ResultsFifteen Japanese and 19 Caucasian subjects were enrolled and randomized. The lisdexamfetamine and d‐amphetamine plasma concentration‐time curves were similar for both ethnic groups following single and multiple doses. Mean area under the concentration‐time curves for d‐amphetamine were higher (by 11%‐15%) in Japanese than Caucasian subjects following multiple dosing of lisdexamfetamine. Mean bodyweight was 17% lower in Japanese than Caucasian subjects. Weight‐corrected means for oral clearance were similar in both ethnic groups, with no unexpected accumulation of d‐amphetamine. Lisdexamfetamine was generally well tolerated by both ethnic groups, with no serious adverse events reported. The 10/12 Japanese and 11/16 Caucasian subjects who received lisdexamfetamine completed the study; two Japanese and three Caucasian subjects discontinued due to adverse events. Most adverse events were of mild severity.ConclusionPharmacokinetics were generally similar for Japanese and Caucasian subjects; the minor differences observed were likely due to bodyweight differences in the two ethnic groups. Lisdexamfetamine was generally well tolerated. Adverse events were consistent with the established safety profile of lisdexamfetamine and were similar in both ethnic groups.
Effects of the ACTIVity And TEchnology (ACTIVATE) intervention on health‐related quality of life and fatigue outcomes in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Vallance Jeff K. , Nguyen Nga H. , Moore Melissa M. , Reeves Marina M. , Rosenberg Dori E. , Boyle Terry , Milton Shakira , Friedenreich Christine M. , English Dallas R. , Lynch Brigid M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ACTIVATE Trial examined the efficacy of a wearable‐based intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in breast cancer survivors. This paper examines the effects of the intervention on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and fatigue at 12 weeks (T2; end of intervention) and 24 weeks (T3; follow‐up).MethodsInactive and postmenopausal women who had completed primary treatment for stage I‐III breast cancer were randomized to intervention or waitlist control. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured by Actigraph and activPAL accelerometers at baseline (T1), end of the intervention (T2), and 12 weeks follow‐up (T3). HRQoL and fatigue were measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast (FACT‐B) and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue (FACIT‐Fatigue). Primary intervention effects were evaluated comparing intervention and waitlist group at T2 using repeated measures mixed effects models.ResultsOverall, 83 women were randomized and trial retention was high (94%). A 4.6‐point difference in fatigue score was observed between groups at T2 (95% CI: 1.3, 7.8) indicating improvement in fatigue profiles in the intervention group. In within groups analyses, the intervention group reported a 5.1‐point increase in fatigue from baseline to T2 (95% CI: 2.0, 8.2) and a 3.3‐point increase from baseline to T3 (95% CI: 0.1, 6.41).ConclusionsDespite small improvements in fatigue profiles, no effects on HRQoL were observed. While the ACTIVATE Trial was associated with improvements in physical activity and sedentary behavior, more intensive or longer duration interventions may be needed to facilitate changes in HRQoL.
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging for group stratification and treatment monitoring in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model
Authors: Fagerland Stein‐Martin T. , Hill Deborah K. , van Wamel Annemieke , de Lange Davies Catharina , Kim Jana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) is a widely used genetically engineered spontaneous prostate cancer model. However, both the degree of malignancy and time of cancer onset vary. While most mice display slowly progressing cancer, a subgroup develops fast‐growing poorly differentiated (PD) tumors, making the model challenging to use. We investigated the feasibility of using ultrasound (US) imaging to screen for PD tumors and compared the performances of US and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in providing reliable measurements of disease burden.MethodsTRAMP mice (n = 74) were screened for PD tumors with US imaging and findings verified with MRI, or in two cases with gross pathology. PD tumor volume was estimated with US and MR imaging and the methods compared (n = 11). For non‐PD mice, prostate volume was used as a marker for disease burden and estimated with US imaging, MRI, and histology (n = 11). The agreement between the measurements obtained by the various methods and the intraobserver variability (IOV) was assessed using Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsUS screening showed 81% sensitivity, 91% specificity, 72% positive predictive value, and 91% negative predictive value. The smallest tumor detected by US screening was 14 mm3 and had a maximum diameter of 2.6 mm. MRI had the lowest IOV for both PD tumor and prostate volume estimation. US IOV was almost as low as MRI for PD tumor volumes but was considerably higher for prostate volumes.ConclusionsUS imaging was found to be a good screening method for detecting PD tumors and estimating tumor volume in the TRAMP model. MRI had better repeatability than US, especially when estimating prostate volumes.