bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macroevolution and shifts in the feeding biology of the New World scarab beetle tribe Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Authors: Gillett Conrad P D T , Toussaint Emmanuel F A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The New World scarab beetle tribe Phanaeini contains coprophagous, necrophagous, mycetophagous and suspected myrmecophilous species. We analyse the largest tribal molecular dataset assembled, incorporating, for the first time, the enigmatic monobasic genus Megatharsis, the thalassinus group of the subgenus Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus), and the subgenus Dendropaemon (Eurypodea) (formerly Tetramereia), unveiling their macroevolutionary and biogeographical history in light of Cenozoic abiotic changes and inferring shifts in feeding biology through time. We recover the contentious genus Gromphas outside an otherwise monophyletic Phanaeini. We infer Megatharsis in a clade containing the apparent myrmecophilous genus Dendropaemon, within the Coprophanaeus clade, and demonstrate that the subgenus Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) is polyphyletic, whilst species groups within the subgenus Coprophanaeus (Coprophanaeus) are monophyletic. Our divergence time analyses and ancestral range estimation indicate an eastern South American origin for Phanaeini in the early Eocene, with subsequent colonization of Central America and the Nearctic during the Oligocene, long before a Panamanian land bridge. A shift to necrophagy in Coprophanaeus is possibly linked to increasing Neotropical small vertebrate diversity since the Eocene and, astonishingly, myrmecophily evolved from necrophagy 35 Mya. These drastic shifts in lifestyle are not concordant with variations in diversification rates and appear unlinked to Quaternary extinction of large mammals.
M2-branes and AdS/CFT: A review
Authors: Hosomichi Kazuo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We briefly review some of the important developments in the last decade in the theory of multiple M2-branes and $\text{AdS}_4/\text{CFT}_3$ correspondence. Taking the examples of the superconformal index, free energy on $S^3$, and entropy of charged black holes, we illustrate how the large-$N$ limit was studied and the correspondence was checked.
CoViD–19: Meta-heuristic optimization based forecast method on time dependent bootstrapped data
Authors: Fenga Livio , Del Castello Carlo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA compounded method – exploiting the searching capabilities of an operation research algorithm and the power of bootstrap techniques – is presented. The resulting algorithm has been successfully tested to predict the turning point reached by the epidemic curve followed by the CoViD–19 virus in Italy. Futures lines of research, which include the generalization of the method to a broad set of distribution, will be finally given.
The relationship of COVID-19 severity with cardiovascular disease and its traditional risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Matsushita Kunihiro , Ding Ning , Kou Minghao , Hu Xiao , Chen Mengkun , Gao Yumin , Honda Yasuyuki , Dowdy David , Mok Yejin , Ishigami Junichi , Appel Lawrence J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhether cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its traditional risk factors predict severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is uncertain, in part, because of potential confounding by age and sex.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of studies that explored pre-existing CVD and its traditional risk factors as risk factors of severe COVID-19 (defined as death, acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit admission). We searched PubMed and Embase for papers in English with original data (≥10 cases of severe COVID-19). Using random-effects models, we pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and conducted meta-regression analyses.ResultsOf the 661 publications identified in our search, 25 papers met our inclusion criteria, with 76,638 COVID-19 patients including 11,766 severe cases. Older age was consistently associated with severe COVID-19 in all eight eligible studies, with RR >∼5 in >60-65 vs. <50 years. Three studies showed no change in the RR of age after adjusting for covariate(s). In univariate analyses, factors robustly associated with severe COVID-19 were male sex (10 studies; pooled RR=1.73, [95%CI 1.50-2.01]), hypertension (8 studies; 2.87 [2.09-3.93]), diabetes (9 studies; 3.20 [2.26-4.53]), and CVD (10 studies; 4.97 [3.76-6.58]). RR for male sex was likely to be independent of age. For the other three factors, meta-regression analyses suggested confounding by age. Only four studies reported multivariable analysis, but most of them showed adjusted RR ∼2 for hypertension, diabetes, and CVD. No study explored renin-angiotensin system inhibitors as a risk factor for severe COVID-19.ConclusionsDespite the potential for confounding, these results suggest that hypertension, diabetes, and CVD are independently associated with severe COVID-19 and, together with age and male sex, can be used to inform objective decisions on COVID-19 testing, clinical management, and workforce planning.
Non-food cropRosa canina Lleaf and twig extracts as a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds
Authors: Kubczak Małgorzata , Khassenova Ainur B. , Skalski Bartosz , Michlewska Sylwia , Wielanek Marzena , Aralbayeva Araylim N. , Nabiyeva Zhanar S. , Murzakhmetova Maira K. , Zamaraeva Maria , Skłodowska Maria , Bryszewska Maria , Ionov Maksim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is important to search for new sources of bioactive, natural compounds because customers pay more attention to food quality. Fruits and berries from horticultural plants are known to be good sources of agents beneficial for human well-being and could serve as natural preservatives in the food industry. However, more recent research indicates that other plant organs can also be rich in nutrients. Our study focused on characterizing an unexplored source: leaf and twig extracts fromRosa canina. The chemical composition of these extracts was analyzed and theirin vitroactivity measured. HPLC analysis of the content of phenolics, vitamins and amino acids revealed that the leaf and twig extracts are rich in bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant properties. The greatest differences between bioactive phenolic compounds in leaf and twig extracts related mainly top-coumaric acid, myricetin, ellagic acid, cyanidin, procyanidin and quercetin, whereas salicylic acid levels were similar in both types of extract.Interactions with human serum albumin were investigated and some conformational changes in protein structure were observed. Further analysis (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, thiol group oxidation, DPPH inhibition and ROS inhibition) confirmed that both leaf and twig extracts exhibited antioxidant and antiradical scavenging activities. Cytotoxicity and hemotoxicity assays confirmed very low toxicity in the extracts over the range of concentrations tested. Our results indicate that both extracts could serve as non-toxic sources of bioactive compounds with antiradical properties.
ATM inhibition drives metabolic adaptation via induction of macropinocytosis
Authors: Chen Chi-Wei , Buj Raquel , Dahl Erika S. , Leon Kelly E. , Varner Erika L. , von Krusenstiern Eliana , Snyder Nathaniel W. , Aird Katherine M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryMacropinocytosis is a nonspecific endocytic process that enhances cancer cell survival under nutrient-poor conditions. Ataxia-Telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a tumor suppressor that plays a role in cellular metabolic reprogramming. We report that suppression of ATM increases macropinocytosis in an AMPK-dependent manner to promote cancer cell survival in nutrient-poor conditions. Combined inhibition of ATM and macropinocytosis suppressed proliferation and induced cell death bothin vitroandin vivo. Metabolite analysis of the ascites and interstitial fluid from tumors indicated decreased branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the microenvironment of ATM-inhibited tumors. Supplementation of ATM inhibitor-treated cells with BCAAs abrogated AMPK phosphorylation and macropinocytosis and rescued the cell death that occurs due to combined inhibition of ATM and macropinocytosis. These data reveal a novel molecular basis of ATM-mediated tumor suppression whereby loss of ATM promotes pro-tumorigenic uptake of nutrients to promote cancer cell survival and reveal a metabolic vulnerability of ATM-inhibited cells.
ClonArch: Visualizing the Spatial Clonal Architecture of Tumors
Authors: Wu Jiaqi , El-Kebir Mohammed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMotivationCancer is caused by the accumulation of somatic mutations that lead to the formation of distinct populations of cells, called clones. The resulting clonal architecture is the main cause of relapse and resistance to treatment. With decreasing costs in DNA sequencing technology, rich cancer genomics datasets with many spatial sequencing samples are becoming increasingly available, enabling the inference of high-resolution tumor clones and prevalences across different spatial coordinates. While temporal and phylogenetic aspects of tumor evolution, such as clonal evolution over time and clonal response to treatment, are commonly visualized in various clonal evolution diagrams, visual analytics methods that reveal the spatial clonal architecture are missing.ResultsThis paper introduces ClonArch, a web-based tool to interactively visualize the phylogenetic tree and spatial distribution of clones in a single tumor mass. ClonArch uses the marching squares algorithm to draw closed boundaries representing the presence of clones in a real or simulated tumor. ClonArch enables researchers to examine the spatial clonal architecture of a subset of relevant mutations at different prevalence thresholds and across multiple phylogenetic trees. In addition to simulated tumors with varying number of biopsies, we demonstrate the use of ClonArch on a hepatocellular carcinoma tumor with ~280 sequencing biopsies. ClonArch provides an automated way to interactively examine the spatial clonal architecture of a tumor, facilitating clinical and biological interpretations of the spatial aspects of intratumor heterogeneity.Availabilityhttps://github.com/elkebir-group/ClonArch
Formal Links between Feature Diversity and Phylogenetic Diversity
Authors: Wicke Kristina , Mooers Arne , Steel Mike 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe extent to which phylogenetic diversity (PD) captures feature diversity (FD) is a topical and controversial question in biodiversity conservation. In this short paper, we formalise this question and establish a precise mathematical condition for FD (based on discrete characters) to coincide with PD. In this way, we make explicit the two main reasons why the two diversity measures might disagree for given data; namely, the presence of certain patterns of feature evolution and loss, and using temporal branch lengths for PD in settings that may not be appropriate (e.g. due to rapid evolution of certain features over short periods of time). Our paper also explores the relationship between the ‘Fair Proportion’ index of PD and a simple index of FD (both of which correspond to Shapley values in cooperative game theory). In a second mathematical result, we show that the two indices can take identical values for any phylogenetic tree, provided the branch lengths in the tree are chosen appropriately.
An explorative optimization algorithm for sparse scheduling in-home energy management with smart grid
Authors: Gajula Viswanath , R. Rajathy 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Electricity utilization at electricity peak hour may differ from every single administration region, for example, mechanical region, business territory and residential zone. This paper introduces a demand-side load management (DSM) strategy, which is one of the utilization of smart grid (SG) that is fit for controlling loads inside the residential working so that the client fulfillment is augmented at least expense.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a heuristic algorithms-based energy management controller is intended for a residential region in a SG. Here, Antlion Optimization technique is used for DSM techniques such as load shifting, peak clipping, and valley filling in the residential sectors for 24 h with the help of stochastic function to determine the detection of random distribution of the load.

Findings
This proposed algorithm offered the greatest fulfillment and least expense caused by the consumers when compared to the traditional cost by taking the individual consumer preferences for the loads and the ideal time scheduling for the load, which is obtained from the rebuilding trap.

Originality/value
Simulation results demonstrate that the comparison of the cost incurred by the users obtained by the DSM techniques is satisfiable.
Implementing population health management: an international comparative study
Authors: Steenkamer Betty , de Weger Esther , Drewes Hanneke , Putters Kim , Van Oers Hans , Baan Caroline 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gain insight into how population health management (PHM) strategies can successfully integrate and reorganize public health, health care, social care and community services to improve population health and quality of care while reducing costs growth, this study compared four large-scale transformation programs: Greater Manchester Devolution, Vancouver Healthy City Strategy, Gen-H Cincinnati and Gesundes Kinzigtal.Design/methodology/approachFollowing the realist methodology, this explorative comparative case-study investigated PHM initiatives' key features and participants' experiences of developing such initiatives. A semi-structured interview guideline based on a theoretical framework for PHM guided the interviews with stakeholders (20) from different sectors.FindingsFive initial program theories important to the development of PHM were formulated: (1) create trust in a shared vision and understanding of the PHM rationale to establish stakeholders' commitment to the partnership; (2) create shared ownership for achieving the initiative's goals; (3) create shared financial interest that reduces perceived financial risks to provide financial sustainability; (4) create a learning environment to secure initiative's credibility and (5) create citizens' and professionals' awareness of the required attitudes and behaviours.Originality/valueThe study highlights initial program theories for the implementation of PHM including different strategies and structures underpinning the initiatives. These insights provide a deeper understanding of how large-scale transformation could be developed.
Consumer engagement behaviors: do service convenience and organizational characteristics matter?
Authors: Roy Sanjit Kumar , Shekhar Vaibhav , Quazi Ali , Quaddus Mohammed 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the role of service convenience in the relationship between organizational characteristics (such as brand equity, store ambiance, store layout, customer information and employee responsiveness) on customer engagement behaviors (CEBs), including service improvement, customer cooperation, positive word-of-mouth and customer helping customers. It examines two research models, with service convenience as a separate antecedent of CEBs (model A) and as a mediating variable between organizational characteristics and CEBs (model B).Design/methodology/approachUsing a positivist paradigm, data were collected from 384 respondents representing the existing customers of grocery retailers based in India via a survey instrument. Data were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) path modeling.FindingsResults demonstrate service convenience as a motivational driver of CEBs. Results also show that the organizational characteristics significantly influence service convenience which in turn impacts CEBs.Practical implicationsThe findings have important implications for store managers in effective management of customers' time and effort in terms of saving customers' time and effort as well as motivating customers to elicit their engagement behaviors.Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in identifying the impact of organizational characteristics in helping customers to save time and effort in their shopping activities and thereby elicit various types of CEBs. The paper also adds to knowledge by examining the role of service convenience in the nexus between organizational characteristics and CEB types.
Constructing an Axonal‐Specific Myelin Developmental Graph and its Application to Childhood Absence Epilepsy
Authors: Drenthen Gerhard S. , Fonseca Wald Eric L. A. , Backes Walter H. , Aldenkamp Albert P. , Vermeulen R. Jeroen , Debeij‐van Hall Mariette H. J. A. , Klinkenberg Sylvia , Jansen Jacobus F. A. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe process of myelination starts in utero around 20 weeks of gestation and continues through adulthood. We first set out to characterize the maturation of the tract‐specific myelin content in healthy subjects from childhood (7‐12 years) into adulthood (18‐32 years). Second, we apply the resulting development graph to children with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), a pediatric epilepsy that was previously characterized by changes in myelin content.METHODSIn a prospective cross‐sectional study, 15 healthy children (7‐12 years), 14 healthy adult participants (18‐32 years) and 17 children with a clinical diagnosis of CAE (6‐12 years) were included. For each participant, diffusion weighted images were acquired to reconstruct bundles of white matter tracts and multi‐echo multi‐slice GRASE images were acquired for myelin‐water estimation. Subsequently, a tract‐specific myelin development graph was constructed using the percentual difference in myelin‐water content from childhood (12 year) to adulthood (25 year).RESULTSThe graph revealed myelination patterns, where tracts in the central regions myelinate prior to peripheral tracts and intra‐hemispheric tracts as well as tracts in the left hemisphere myelinate prior to inter‐hemispheric tracts and tracts in the right hemisphere, respectively. No significant differences were found in myelin‐water content between children with CAE and healthy children for neither the early developing tracts, nor the tracts that develop in a later stage. However, the difference between the myelin‐water of late and early developing tracts is significantly smaller in the children with CAE.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that CAE is associated with widespread neurodevelopmental myelin differences.
Listeria monocytogenes SpxA1 is a global regulator required to activate genes encoding catalase and heme biosynthesis enzymes for aerobic growth
Authors: Cesinger Monica R. , Thomason Maureen K. , Edrozo Mauna B. , Halsey Cortney R. , Reniere Michelle L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn imbalance of cellular oxidants and reductants causes redox stress, which must be rapidly detected to restore homeostasis. In bacteria, the Firmicutes encode conserved Spx‐family transcriptional regulators that modulate transcription in response to redox stress. SpxA1 is an Spx‐family orthologue in the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes that is essential for aerobic growth and pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of SpxA1 in growth and virulence by identifying genes regulated by SpxA1 in broth and during macrophage infection. We found SpxA1‐activated genes encoding heme biosynthesis enzymes and catalase (kat) were required for L. monocytogenes aerobic growth in rich medium. An Spx‐recognition motif previously defined in Bacillus subtilis was identified in the promoters of SpxA1‐activated genes and proved necessary for the proper activation of two genes, indicating this regulation by SpxA1 is likely direct. Together, these findings elucidated the mechanism of spxA1 essentiality in vitro and demonstrated that SpxA1 is required for basal expression of scavenging enzymes to combat redox stress generated in the presence of oxygen.
Can we improve coaches’ injury prevention views and implementation practices in the community female Gaelic sport of camogie?
Authors: O'Connor Siobhán , Lacey Peter 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of a nationwide coach education workshop on the attitudes towards, willingness and perceived ability of camogie coaches to implement a Camogie Injury Prevention Programme (CIPP) and their implementation of this programme 4 weeks after the workshop.MethodsCoaches (n=98) from all four provinces in Ireland were recruited and completed a questionnaire prior to and immediately following a developed workshop on the CIPP. Four weeks later 40 of the 98 coaches completed a follow-up questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were completed and a mixed between–within analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences in willingness and perceived ability to conduct the CIPP over time and between genders. Non-parametric tests examined the differences in attitude scores. The implementation rate of the programme 4 weeks following the workshop was also assessed.ResultsJust 13.4% of coaches had previously heard of the CIPP. Significant improvements in attitudes towards, willingness and perceived ability to conduct the CIPP was noted (p<0.001) post-workshop. Ninety-one per cent of coaches reported that implementing the CIPP in a phased approach with their teams would be beneficial. The camogie coaches primarily viewed the CIPP content favourably, finding the exercises important, relevant and mostly enjoyable. However, some coaches reported that the Nordic hamstring curl is too challenging for players to complete (immediately following workshop: 28.7%; 4 weeks later: 53.3%). Four weeks after the workshop, 72.5% of coaches who responded were implementing the CIPP with their teams in the community.ConclusionsDue to the success of the education workshop, the Camogie Association should incorporate this injury prevention workshop into all mandatory camogie coaching education courses.
A pro-inflammatory diet increases the likelihood of obesity and overweight in adolescent boys: a case–control study
Authors: Vahid Farhad , Bourbour Fatemeh , Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Shivappa Nitin , Hébert James R. , Babakhani Khatereh , Mosavi Jarrahi Alireza , Mirzaei Dahka Samaneh , Doaei Saeid 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Obesity and Overweight at an early age can contribute with many chronic diseases such as cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Diet-related inflammation is one of the most important underlying mechanisms that may has a key role in obesity and overweight. This paper aimed to compare the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) in normal weight and overweight adolescent boys.

Methods
A total of 535 adolescent boys (214 cases were overweight and obese and 321 controls with normal weight) participated in this study from two schools in Tehran, Iran. The student’s weight and body composition were measured using a Bio-Impedance Analyzer (BIA) scale. A validated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary inflammatory index.

Results
Results obtained from modeling DII® as a continuous variable identified a positive association between DII® and obesity (OR = 1.08, CI 1.01–1.16). After multivariable adjustment, subjects with DII® > 0.02 had at 1.5 times higher odds of obesity and overweight compared to subjects with DII® ≤ 0.02 (OR = 1.52; CI 1.04–2.22).

Conclusion
Our study indicated the importance of dietary-induced inflammation in the obesity and overweight during adolescence. Therefore, advising adolescent to consume diet with lower DII® with more fruits and vegetables, rich sources of fiber, flavonoids, zinc, magnesium and selenium and avoiding the consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans-fatty acids, and cholesterol may support a healthy weight.