bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematological cancer patient‐caregiver dyadic communication: A longitudinal examination of cancer communication concordance
Authors: Siminoff Laura A. , Wilson‐Genderson Maureen , Barta Stefan , Thomson Maria D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveInformal caregivers play a fundamental role in care and decision making with hematological cancer patients. Concordant patient‐caregiver communication is a critical antecedent to high quality decision making. Little is known about patterns of dyadic communication throughout the cancer treatment continuum. The objective of this study was to assess patterns of cancer communication concordance regarding treatment and care among hematological cancer patients undergoing active treatment and their informal caregivers and test whether patterns were associated with participant characteristics.MethodsA case series of hematological cancer patient‐caregiver dyads (n = 171) were recruited from oncology clinics in Virginia and Pennsylvania and followed for 2 years. Latent Class Growth Models (LCGM) were used to analyze longitudinal data captured using Cancer Communication Assessment Tool for Patients and Families (CCAT‐PF) and the association with participant characteristics.ResultsWhite patient‐caregiver dyads demonstrated decreased communication concordance and African American dyads demonstrated increased communication concordance over time. Lower communication concordance was found among dyads with lower levels of education and income, and cancers diagnosed at more advanced stages; these relationships were stable over time. Modeling identified the presence of three distinct communication groups (Stable Concordant (57.4%), Fluctuating Medium Concordant (37.8%), High Discordant (5.4%)) that differed by baseline level of communication concordance, patterns of concordance over time, race, income and the dyad relationship.ConclusionsPatient‐caregiver cancer communication concordance was not static overtime. Results suggest the presence of a new dyadic cancer communication typology that could help preemptively identify dyads at risk for communication difficulties that impede treatment decision making.
Factors associated with social functioning among long‐term cancer survivors treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as adolescents or young adults
Authors: Walsh Casey A. , Yi Jean C. , Rosenberg Abby R. , Crouch Marie‐Laure V. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Syrjala Karen L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can compromise long‐term health and social functioning. We examined the impact of physical and social‐emotional factors on the social functioning of long‐term adolescent and young adult (AYA) HSCT survivors.MethodsThis cross‐sectional analysis included HSCT recipients from the INSPIRE trial [NCT00799461] who received their first transplant between ages 15‐39. Patient‐reported outcome measures included the Short Form‐36v2, Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Cancer and Treatment Distress, and the ENRICHD Social Support Inventory. We used hierarchical multiple linear regression to identify physical and social‐emotional factors associated with social functioning at the baseline assessment, with the first block including sociodemographic and clinical factors significant at P = <0.10 in univariate testing, the second block including fatigue and physical function, and the third block including social support and distress.ResultsParticipants (N = 279) were 52% male and 93.5% white, non‐Hispanic, with a mean age of 30.3 (SD 6.6) at first transplant. Social Functioning mean was 48.5 (SD 10.5), below age‐adjusted norms (t = −13.6, P = <0.001). In the first block, current chronic graft‐vs‐host disease accounted for 5.5% of the variance (P = <0.001). Adding fatigue and physical function explained an additional 46.6% of the variance (P = <0.001). Adding distress and social support explained an additional 7.7% of the variance (P = <0.001). The final model explained 59.8% of the variance; distress, fatigue, and physical function were significantly associated with social functioning.ConclusionsDistress, fatigue, and physical function are associated with social functioning and interventions targeting these symptoms may help to improve SF among long‐term cancer survivors treated with HSCT as AYAs.
Reliability and validity of the Norwegian‐language version of the elderly mobility scale in older hospitalised patients
Authors: Dokken Inger , Brovold Therese , Hesseberg Karin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeReliable and valid assessment tools are needed to evaluate and predict physical function in older hospitalised patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Norwegian‐language version of the Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS‐N) for use with geriatric patients.MethodsFifty patients admitted to a medical ward in a hospital in Norway were included. The inclusion criteria were acute hospital admission because of medical issues, age ≥65 years and referred to a physiotherapist for a physical function review. The original version of the Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) was translated from English to Norwegian before initiating this study. EMS‐N was tested for internal consistency, test–retest reliability and criterion validity by using the short physical performance battery (SPPB) as the gold standard. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha. Test–retest reliability was estimated by linear weighted kappa and the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe mean age of participants was 82 (range 65–95). The main admission diagnoses were acute functional decline (64%, n = 32) or acute infection (26%, n = 13). Internal consistency was estimated at 0.88. Test–retest reliability: six of the seven EMS‐N items showed very good consistency, and the last item showed good consistency, ICC was estimated at 0.99. The standard error of measurement (SEM) reflected the absolute reliability, calculated at 0.52. The minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated with 95 and 90% confidence intervals at 1.44 and 1.21, respectively. Criterion validity was calculated by a correlation analysis of the EMS‐N and the SPPB. The rho value was estimated as 0.75, which corresponds to a high correlation and indicated good criterion validity.DiscussionEMS‐N exhibited good internal consistency and good to very good test–retest reliability and criterion validity. EMS can safely be used as an assessment tool for hospitalised geriatric patients.
miR‐196a‐mediated downregulation of p27kip1 protein promotes prostate cancer proliferation and relates to biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Zhan Bin , Huang Linjin , Chen Yachun , Ye Wen , Li Jingkun , Chen Jianhui , Yang Sheng , Jiang Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDysregulation of microRNAs has performed vital gene regulatory functions in the genesis, progression, and prognosis of multiple malignant tumors. This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of miR‐196a in prostate cancer (PCa) and explore its clinical significance.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was implemented to examine miR‐196a and p27kip1 messenger RNA expression in PCa. Cell proliferation was evaluated via Cell Counting Kit‐8, colony formation, and nude mouse tumorigenicity assays. Luciferase reporter assay was applied to identify target genes. p27kip1 protein expression in PCa was investigated using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry.ResultsThere was a dramatic upregulation of miR‐196a in PCa. Upregulated miR‐196a was related to worse Gleason score (GS), later pathological stage, and poor biochemical recurrence (BCR)‐free survival. In vivo and in vitro experiments exhibited that miR‐196a promoted PCa proliferation and expedited G1/S‐phase progression through the downregulation of p27kip1 protein. Additionally, p27kip1 protein was distinctly downregulated in PCa. Low p27kip1 protein expression had a strong correlation with increased GS and was an independent predictor of BCR after radical prostatectomy (RP).ConclusionsExcessive expression of miR‐196a and subsequent downregulation of p27kip1 protein play essential roles in promoting PCa proliferation and leading to BCR after RP. miR‐196a and its target p27kip1 may become novel molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PCa.
Patterns of stemness‐associated markers in the development of castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Federer‐Gsponer Joël R. , Müller David C. , Zellweger Tobias , Eggimann Maurice , Marston Katharina , Ruiz Christian , Seifert Hans‐Helge , Rentsch Cyrill A. , Bubendorf Lukas , Le Magnen Clémentine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPutative castration‐resistant (CR) stem‐like cells (CRSC) have been identified based on their ability to initiate and drive prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence following castration in vivo. Yet the relevance of these CRSC in the course of the human disease and particularly for the transition from hormone‐naive (HN) to castration‐resistance is unclear. In this study, we aimed at deciphering the significance of CRSC markers in PCa progression.MethodsWe constructed a tissue microarray comprising 112 matched HN and CR tissue specimens derived from 55 PCa patients. Expression of eight stemness‐associated markers (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A3, ALDH3A1, BMI1, NANOG, NKX3.1, OCT4, SOX2) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and scored as a percentage of positive tumor cells. For each marker, the resulting scores were statistically analyzed and compared to pathological and clinical data associated with the samples. Unsupervised clustering analysis was performed to stratify patients according to the expression of the eight CRSC markers. Publicly‐available transcriptional datasets comprising HN and CR PCa samples were interrogated to assess the expression of the factors in silico.ResultsImmunohistochemical assessment of paired samples revealed atypical patterns of expression and intra‐ and intertumor heterogeneity for a subset of CRSC markers. While the expression of particular CRSC markers was dynamic over time in some patients, none of the markers showed significant changes in expression upon the development of castration resistance (CR vs HN). Using unsupervised clustering approaches, we identified phenotypic subtypes based on the expression of specific stem‐associated markers. In particular, we found (a) patterns of mutual exclusivity for ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 expression, which was also observed at the transcriptomic level in publicly‐available PCa datasets, and (b) a phenotypic cluster associated with more aggressive features. Finally, by comparing HN and CR matched samples, we identified phenotypic cluster switches (ie, change of phenotypic cluster between the HN and CR state), that may be associated with clinical and predictive relevance.ConclusionsOur findings indicate stemness‐associated patterns that are associated with the development of castration‐resistance. These results pave the way toward a deeper understanding of the relevance of CRSC markers in PCa progression and resistance to androgen‐deprivation therapy.
Cancer‐driven IgG promotes the development of prostate cancer though the SOX2‐CIgG pathway
Authors: Qin Caipeng , Sheng Zhengzuo , Huang Xinmei , Tang Jingshu , Liu Yang , Xu Tao , Qiu Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the initial treatment strategy for prostate cancer (PCa), recurrent castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) eventually ensues. In this study, cancer‐derived immunoglobulin G (CIgG) is found to be induced after ADT, identifying CIgG as a potential CRPC driver gene.MethodsThe expression of CIgG and its clinical significance in PCa tissue was analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas database and immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, the sequence features of prostate cell line VHDJH rearrangements were analyzed. We also assessed the effect of CIgG on the migratory, invasive and proliferative abilities of PCa cells in vitro and vivo. Suspended microsphere, colony formation and drug‐resistant assays were performed using PC3 cells with high CIgG expression (CIgGhigh) and low CIgG expression (CIgG‐/low), and A nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse tumor xenograft model was developed for the study of the tumorigenic effects of the different cell populations. The SOX2‐CIgG signaling pathway was validated by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, luciferase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and bioinformatics analyses. Finally, we investigated the effect of RP215 inhibition on the progression of PCa in vivo using a Babl/c nude mouse xenograft model.ResultsCIgG is frequently expressed in PCa and associated with clinicopathological characteristics, moreover, CIgG transcripts with unique patterns of VHDJH rearrangements are found in PCa cells. Functional analyses identified that CIgG was induced by ADT and upregulated by SOX2 (SRY (sex determining region Y)‐box 2) in PCa, promoting the development of PCa. In addition, our findings underscore a novel role of CIgG signaling in the maintenance of stemness and the progression of cancer through mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase and AKT in PCa. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that depleting CIgG significantly suppressed the growth of PCa cell xenografts. Furthermore, a CIgG monoclonal antibody named RP215 exhibits tumor inhibitory effect as well.ConclusionOur data suggests that CIgG could be a driver of PCa development, and that targeting the SOX2‐CIgG axis may therefore inhibit PCa development after ADT.
Wavelength‐decomposition‐based embedded cluster density approximation for systems with nonlocal electron correlation
Authors: Huang Chen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLocal correlation methods rely on the assumption that electron correlation is nearsighted. In this work, we develop a method to alleviate this assumption. This new method is demonstrated by calculating the random phase approximation (RPA) correlation energies in several one‐dimensional model systems. In this new method, the first step is to approximately decompose the RPA correlation energy to the nearsighted and farsighted components based on the wavelength decomposition of electron correlation developed by Langreth and Perdew. The short‐wavelength (SW) component of the RPA correlation energy is then considered to be nearsighted, and the long‐wavelength (LW) component of the RPA correlation energy is considered to be farsighted. The SW RPA correlation energy is calculated using a recently developed local correlation method: the embedded cluster density approximation (ECDA). The LW RPA correlation energy is calculated globally based on the system's Kohn‐Sham orbitals. This new method is termed λ‐ECDA, where λ indicates the wavelength decomposition. The performance of λ‐ECDA is examined on a one‐dimensional model system: a H24 chain, in which the RPA correlation energy is highly nonlocal. In this model system, a softened Coulomb interaction is used to describe the electron‐electron and electron‐ion interactions, and slightly stronger nuclear charges (1.2e) are assigned to the pseudo‐H atoms. Bond stretching energies, RPA correlation potentials, and Kohn‐Sham eigenvalues predicted by λ‐ECDA are in good agreement with the benchmarks when the clusters are made reasonably large. We find that the LW RPA correlation energy is critical for obtaining accurate prediction of the RPA correlation potential, even though the LW RPA correlation energy contributes to only a few percent of the total RPA correlation energy.
The Nanomechanical Bit
Authors: Kim Chulki , Marsland Robert , Blick Robert H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe applicability of nanomechanical devices for computational approaches is reviewed. The focus is on the representation and processing of information based on nanomechanical bits. Several device concepts are discussed ranging from nano‐electromechanical systems in silicon to circuits based on carbon nano‐tube switches, combinations of nanomechanical resonators and traditional transistors, and integration into a computing architecture. The strengths of mechanical systems include their scalability, robustness to external electrical shocks, and their low‐energy consumption. Hence, they may lead the way to new forms of ultradense memory and alternative routes of computing. In conjunction with quantum mechanical single electron circuits, nano‐electromechanical systems may also have potential for quantum computational circuits.
Suppression of Persistent Photoconductivity of Rubrene Crystals using Gate‐Tunable Rubrene/Bi2Se3 Diodes with Photoinduced Negative Differential Resistance
Authors: Pei Ke , Wang Fakun , Han Wei , Yang Sanjun , Liu Kailang , Liu Kewei , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrganic single‐crystalline semiconductors show great potential in high‐performance photodetectors. However, they suffer from persistent photoconductivity (PPC) due to the charge trapping, which has severely hindered high‐speed imaging applications. Here, a universal strategy of solving the PPC by integrating with topological insulator Bi2Se3 is provided. The rubrene/Bi2Se3 heterojunctions are selected as an example for general demonstration due to the reproducibly high mobility and broad optoelectronic applications of rubrene crystals. By virtue of high carrier concentration on Bi2Se3 surface and the strong built‐in electrical field, the photoresponse of the heterotransistor is significantly reduced for more than two orders (from over 10 s to 54 ms), meanwhile the photoresponsivity can reach 124 A W−1. To the best of knowledge, this operating speed is among the fastest responses in organic–inorganic heterojunctions. The heterotransistor also shows unique negative differential resistance under positive gate bias, which can be explained by photoinduced de‐trapping of electron trap states in the bulk rubrene crystals. Besides, the rubrene/Bi2Se3 heterojunction behaves as a gate‐tunable backward‐like diode due to the inhomogenous carrier distribution in the thick rubrene crystal and inversion of relative Fermi level positions. The findings demonstrate versatile functionalities of the rubrene/Bi2Se3 heterojunctions for various emerging optoelectronic applications.
Hierarchical Nanorods of MoS2/MoP Heterojunction for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Qian , Xue Ziqian , Jia Baoming , Liu Qinglin , Liu Kang , Lin Yiyang , Liu Min , Li Yinle , Li Guangqin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHierarchical nanostructures with tailored component and architectures are attractive for energy‐related applications. Here, the delicate design and construction of hierarchical MoS2/MoP (H‐MoS2/MoP) nanorods for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are demonstrated. This multiscale design rationally combines the compositional and structural advantages of MoS2/MoP heterojunction into a hierarchical architecture, which can modulate electronic structure of S, remarkably facilitating the electrocatalytic HER. Benefitting from their unique architecture and electronic structure, the H‐MoS2/MoP nanorods exhibit excellent performance for HER with ultralow overpotential of 92 mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH and high stability. This work not only provides an efficient approach to constructing hierarchical heterojunctions, but also a multiscale strategy for all‐round regulation of the electronic structure and hierarchical morphology of nanomaterials for energy‐related applications.
Do shocks to animal spirits cause output fluctuations?
Authors: Biolsi Christopher , Du Bocong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe evaluate whether shocks to “animal spirits” affect real outcomes at business cycle frequencies, using data on consumer confidence and region‐ and state‐level coincident activity indexes in a vector autoregression (VAR) with long run restrictions. We assume that animal spirits shocks do not affect the long run level of activity. Innovations in fundamentals explain most variation in the level of activity, but animal spirits have economically significant effects at business cycle frequencies. A positive innovation in animal spirits causes real activity to rise by between 0.2 and 0.6% in the medium term, and animal spirits may explain up to about half of real fluctuations in the medium run.
Amygdala stimulation ameliorates memory impairments and promotes c‐Fos activity in fimbria‐fornix‐lesioned rats
Authors: Mercerón‐Martínez Daymara , Almaguer‐Melian William , Alberti‐Amador Esteban , Calderón‐Peña Rául , Bergado Jorge A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecently we provided data showing that amygdala stimulation can ameliorate spatial memory impairments in rats with lesion in the fimbria‐fornix (FF). The mechanisms for this improvement involve early gene expression and synthesis of BDNF, MAP‐2, and GAP43 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Now we have studied which brain structures are activated by the amygdala using c‐Fos as a marker of neural activation. First, we studied neuronal activation after tetanic stimulation to the amygdala in intact rats. We then carried out a second study in FF‐lesioned rats in which the amygdala was stimulated 15 min after daily spatial memory training in the water maze. Our results showed that amygdala stimulation produces widespread brain activation, that includes cortical, thalamic, and brain stem structures. Activation was particularly intense in the dentate gyrus and the prefrontal cortex. Training in the water maze increased c‐Fos positive nuclei in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in medial prefrontal cortex. Amygdala stimulation to trained FF‐lesioned rats induced an increase of neural activity in the dentate gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex relative to the FF‐lesioned, but not stimulated group, like the c‐Fos activity seen in trained control rats. Based on these and previous results we explain the mechanisms of amygdala reinforcement of neural plasticity and the partial recovery of spatial memory deficits.
The destruction of Escherichia coli adhered to pipe surfaces in a model drinking water distribution system via various antibiofilm agents
Authors: A. Hemdan Bahaa , Azab El‐Liethy Mohamed , El‐Taweel Gamila E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study is to estimate the effectiveness of three antibiofilm agents against Escherichia coli biofilm that formed in six different types of pipelines. A laboratory‐scale water system was built for this work to allow for the creation of biofilm in the pipelines studied. The level of the growth rate of E. coli biofilm cells was monitored over 90 days on those tested pipe materials. The results of bacterial cell densities displayed that the highest biofilm growth was observed in the biofilm formed on the iron (Fe) pipe. In contrast, the biofilm formation rate was significantly lower on copper (Cu) pipe compared to other materials. Three antibiofilm agents, including chlorine, silver ions (Ag+), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), were employed to eradicate the biofilm cells. E. coli counts indicated that AgNPs are more efficient in destructing any formed biofilm cells on all tested materials. At the same time, the chlorine was only useful in the case of biofilm developed on plastic and Cu. However, the antibiofilm efficiency of Ag+ performs similarly to chlorine against E. coli biofilm cells. Ultimately, AgNPs are considred the most powerful antibiofilm agent among the other agents toward the biofilm cells in their maturation stage, which offers an encouraging way for the long‐term functioning of water systems.Practitioner points

The growth rate of E. coli biofilm cells was investigated on different materials.

The count of biofilm cells developed on iron pipes was higher than other materials.

The E. coli biofilm on iron pipe could resist chlorine and AgNPs to a large extent.

The developed biofilm on copper pipe was more sensitive to chlorine, Ag+. and AgNPs.

The biofilm cells could be easily eradicated from plastic‐based materials with all tested disinfectants.