bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular studies of NAD- and NADP-glutamate dehydrogenases decipher the conundrum of yeast–hypha dimorphism in zygomycete Benjaminiella poitrasii
Authors: Pathan Ejaj K , Ghormade Vandana , Panwar Sneh Lata , Prasad Rajendra , Deshpande Mukund V 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Benjaminiella poitrasii, a zygomycete, shows glucose- and temperature-dependent yeast (Y)–hypha (H) dimorphic transition. Earlier, we reported the biochemical correlation of relative proportion of NAD- and NADP-glutamate dehydrogenases (GDHs) with Y–H transition. Further, we observed the presence of one NAD-GDH and two form-specific NADP-GDH isoenzymes in B. poitrasii. However, molecular studies are necessary to elucidate the explicit role of GDHs in regulating Y–H reversible transition. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of one NAD (BpNADGDH, 2.643 kb) and two separate genes, BpNADPGDH I (Y-form specific, 1.365 kb) and BpNADPGDH II (H-form specific, 1.368 kb) coding for NADP-GDH isoenzymes in B. poitrasii. The transcriptional profiling during Y–H transition showed higher BpNADPGDH I expression in Y cells while expression of BpNADPGDH II was higher in H cells. Moreover, the yeast-form monomorphic mutant (Y-5) did not show BpNADPGDH II expression under normal dimorphism triggering conditions. Transformation with H-form specific BpNADPGDH II induced the germ tube formation in Y-5, which confirmed the cause–effect relationship between BpNADPGDH genes and morphological outcome in B. poitrasii. Interestingly, expression of H-form specific BpNADPGDH II also induced germ tube formation in human pathogenic, non-dimorphic yeast Candida glabrata, which further corroborated our findings.
Education as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Episodic Memory and Amyloid Load in Normal Aging
Authors: Joannette Maude , Bocti Christian , Dupont Pénélope Sévigny , Lavallée Marie Maxime , Nikelski Jim , Vallet Guillaume T , Chertkow Howard , Joubert Sven 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe current study explored whether education, a proxy of cognitive reserve, modifies the association between episodic memory (EM) performance and βeta-amyloid load (Aβ), a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease, in a cohort of cognitively normal older adults. One hundred and four participants (mean age 73.3 years) evenly spread out in three bands of education were recruited. Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment, structural MRI as well as PET imaging to quantify Aβ load. Moderation analyses and the Johnson–Neyman technique were carried out to examine the interaction of education with Aβ load to predict EM performance. Linear regressions were then performed within each group of education to better illustrate the interaction effect (all analyses were controlled for age and sex). The interaction between education and Aβ load was significant (p &lt; .05) for years of education, reaching a cutoff point of 13.5 years, above which the relationship between Aβ load and EM was no longer significant. Similarly, significant associations were found between Aβ and EM among participants with secondary (p &lt; .01) and pre-university education (p &lt; .01), but not with a university degree (p = .253). EM performance is associated with Aβ load in cognitively normal older individuals, and this relationship is moderated by educational attainment.
Factor Structures of Reasons for Immigration Among Older Asian and Latino Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Park Soohyun , Kim Giyeon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Backgrounds and Objectives
Although reasons for immigration are significant predictors of immigrants’ health, factor structures of reasons for immigration are still unclear among older immigrants. The present study examined the factor structure of reasons for immigration among older Asian and Latino immigrants in the United States.

Research Design and Methods
Drawn from the National Latino and Asian American Study, 396 Latino and 298 Asian immigrants over 55 years of age were selected for analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for nine items concerning reasons for immigration in each immigrant group.

Results
Three factors were extracted from both Asian and Latino immigrant elders: (a) “voluntary reasons” to pursue development, (b) “involuntary reasons” due to uncontrollable situations, and (c) “semivoluntary reasons” regarding family/medical duties. While immigration to join family members was located in the “semivoluntary reasons” factor among older Asian immigrants, it was located in the “voluntary reasons” factor among older Latino immigrants.

Discussion and Implications
These findings suggest that three underlying factors of reasons for immigration should be understood considering the different characteristics of two racial/ethnic groups of immigrants. In addition, a migratory reason to join the family should be considered differently for elderly Asian and Latino immigrants. This three-factor framework of reasons for immigration can help clinicians provide more culturally sensitive interventions for older minority immigrants.
SwiftOrtho: A fast, memory-efficient, multiple genome orthology classifier
Authors: Hu Xiao , Friedberg Iddo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Gene homology type classification is required for many types of genome analyses, including comparative genomics, phylogenetics, and protein function annotation. Consequently, a large variety of tools have been developed to perform homology classification across genomes of different species. However, when applied to large genomic data sets, these tools require high memory and CPU usage, typically available only in computational clusters.

Findings
Here we present a new graph-based orthology analysis tool, SwiftOrtho, which is optimized for speed and memory usage when applied to large-scale data. SwiftOrtho uses long k-mers to speed up homology search, while using a reduced amino acid alphabet and spaced seeds to compensate for the loss of sensitivity due to long k-mers. In addition, it uses an affinity propagation algorithm to reduce the memory usage when clustering large-scale orthology relationships into orthologous groups. In our tests, SwiftOrtho was the only tool that completed orthology analysis of proteins from 1,760 bacterial genomes on a computer with only 4 GB RAM. Using various standard orthology data sets, we also show that SwiftOrtho has a high accuracy.

Conclusions
SwiftOrtho enables the accurate comparative genomic analyses of thousands of genomes using low-memory computers. SwiftOrtho is available at https://github.com/Rinoahu/SwiftOrtho
Defective cell adhesion function of solute transporter, SLC4A11, in endothelial corneal dystrophies
Authors: Malhotra Darpan , Jung Martin , Fecher-Trost Claudia , Lovatt Matthew , Peh Gary S L , Noskov Sergei , Mehta Jodhbir S , Zimmermann Richard , Casey Joseph R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Corneal endothelial cell (CEnC) loss is often associated with blinding endothelial corneal dystrophies: dominantly inherited, common (5%) Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and recessive, rare congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED). Mutations of SLC4A11, an abundant corneal solute transporter, cause CHED and some cases of FECD. The link between defective SLC4A11 solute transport function and CEnC loss is, however, unclear. Cell adhesion assays using SLC4A11-transfected HEK293 cells and primary human CEnC revealed that SLC4A11 promotes adhesion to components of Descemet’s membrane (DM), the basement membrane layer to which CEnC bind. An antibody against SLC4A11 extracellular loop 3 (EL3) suppressed cell adhesion, identifying EL3 as the DM binding site. Earlier studies showed that some SLC4A11 mutations cause FECD and CHED by impairing solute transport activity or cell surface trafficking. Without affecting these functions, FECD-causing mutations in SLC4A11-EL3 compromised cell adhesion capacity. In an energy-minimized SLC4A11-EL3 three-dimensional model, these mutations cluster and are buried within EL3 structure. A GST fusion protein of SLC4A11-EL3 interacts with principal DM protein, COL8A2, as identified by mass spectrometry. Engineered SLC4A11-EL3-containing protein, STIC (SLC4A11-EL3 Transmembrane-GPA Integrated Chimera), promotes cell adhesion in transfected HEK293 cells and primary human CEnC, confirming the cell adhesion role of EL3. Taken together, the data suggest that SLC4A11 directly binds DM to serve as a cell adhesion molecule (CAM). These data further suggest that cell adhesion defects contribute to FECD and CHED pathology. Observations with STIC point toward a new therapeutic direction in these diseases: replacement of lost cell adhesion capacity.
Alterations in Blood Chemistry Levels Associated With Nipah Virus Disease in the Syrian Hamster Model
Authors: Genzer Sarah C , Welch Stephen R , Scholte Florine E M , Harmon Jessica R , Coleman-McCray JoAnn D , Lo Michael K , Montgomery Joel M , Nichol Stuart T , Spiropoulou Christina F , Spengler Jessica R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV; family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus) infection can cause severe respiratory and neurological disease in humans. The pathophysiology of disease is not fully understood, and it may vary by presentation and clinical course. In this study, we investigate changes in blood chemistry in NiV-infected Syrian hamsters that survived or succumbed to disease. Increased sodium and magnesium and decreased albumin and lactate levels were detected in animals euthanized with severe clinical disease compared with mock-infected controls. When subjects were grouped by clinical syndrome, additional trends were discernable, highlighting changes associated with either respiratory or neurological disease.
Europe Has Never Been Modern: Recasting Historical Narratives of Migration Control
Authors: Vigneswaran Darshan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOur understanding of contemporary international relations rests on flawed images of the past. One of the most problematic dimensions of this history is the idea that the core institutions and practices of modern territorial sovereignty originated in Europe before being gradually extended to other parts of the globe. A key dimension of this Euro-centric historiography is the story that the territorial sovereignty norm was invented in Europe in the seventeenth century, before Europeans honed it into a standard technique of state practice in the twentieth. This paper uses original archival research to critically interrogate the consensus position. The paper demonstrates that the dominant narrative significantly misconstrues the way rulers and governments sought to control migration across the longue durée. European rulers were more collectively seeking to transnationally promote migration at the same time as they individually acquired territorial sovereign control over it. Extra-European states were the first to deploy territorial immigration controls, and non-Europeans shaped the forms of mobility promotion Europeans would adopt. The paper uses these findings to make the case for a new chronology of European migration governance and for a critical institutionalist approach to the way we write the history of the global migration regime.
Appropriate empirical antibiotic use in the emergency department: full compliance matters!
Authors: Berrevoets Marvin A H , ten Oever Jaap , Hoogerwerf Jacobien , Kullberg Bart Jan , Atsma Femke , Hulscher Marlies E , Schouten Jeroen A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Little is known about determinants of appropriate antibiotic use in the emergency department (ED). We measured appropriateness of antibiotic use for seven quality indicators (QIs) and studied patient-related factors that determine their variation.

Patients and methods
A retrospective analysis of 948 patients presumptively diagnosed as having an infection needing empirical antibiotic treatment in the ED was performed. Outcomes of seven previously validated QIs were calculated using computerized algorithms. We used logistic regression analysis to identify patient-related factors of QI performance and evaluated whether more appropriate antibiotic use in the ED results in better patient outcomes (length-of-stay, in-hospital mortality, 30 day readmission).

Results
QI performance ranged from 57.3% for guideline-adherent empirical therapy to 97.3% for appropriate route of administration in patients with sepsis. QI performance was positively associated with patients’ disease severity on admission (presence of fever, tachycardia and hypotension). Overall, the clinical diagnosis and thus the guidelines followed influenced QI performance. The difference in complexity between the guidelines was a possible explanation for the variation in QI performance. A QI performance sum score of 100% was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality. QI performance was not associated with readmission rates.

Conclusions
We gained insights into factors that determine quality of antibiotic prescription in the ED. Adherence to the full bundle of QIs was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality. These findings suggest that future stewardship interventions in the ED should focus on the entire process of antibiotic prescribing in the ED and not on a single metric only.
The development and electronic delivery of case-based learning using a fast healthcare interoperability resource system
Authors: Braunstein Mark L , Oancea Iulia , Barry Benjamin K , Darlington Sharon , Steel Jim , Hansen David P , Battock James , Cheung Daniel , Gan Gregory , Hooper Ben , Lundin Reilly , Nicol Duncan , O’Brien Joshua , Whittington Scott , Wilkinson Chris , Wong Tse Tse 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
HL7 International’s Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard provides a common format for sharing health data (eg, FHIR resources) and a RESTful Application Programming Interface (eg, FHIR API) for accessing those resources via a FHIR server connected to an electronic health record system or any other system storing clinical data. Substitutable Medical Applications and Reusable Technologies (SMART) leverages FHIR to create an electronic health record (EHR) agnostic app platform. It utilizes the OAuth standard to provide for authorization and authentication. This paper describes the development and informal evaluation of Case Based Learning on FHIR (CBL on FHIR), a prototype EHR-connected FHIR/SMART platform to provide interactive digital cases for use in medical education. The project goals were to provide a more interactive form of CBL than is possible on paper to more realistically simulate clinical decision making and to expose medical students to modern informatics systems and tools for use in patient care.
Fluid prediction of a deep carbonate reservoir using walkaround 3D-3C vertical seismic profiling data
Authors: Zhang Haohao , Lu Jun , Chen Benchi , Ma Xuejun , Cai Zhidong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe considerable depth and complicated structure of the Tahe Oilfield in the Tuofutai area of China make it very difficult to delineate its Ordovician carbonate fracture-cavity reservoir. The resolution of conventional ground seismic data is inadequate to satisfy current exploitation requirements. To further improve the understanding of the carbonate fracture-cavity reservoir of the Tahe Oilfield and to provide predictions of reservoir properties that are more accurate, a walkaround 3D-3C vertical seismic profiling (VSP) survey was conducted. First, we preprocessed raw VSP data and developed a method of joint PP- and PSV-wave prestack time migration. In contrast to ground seismic imaging profiles, VSP imaging profiles have a higher resolution and wider spectrum range that provide more detailed strata information. Then, using the joint PP- and PSV-wave prestack inversion method, we obtained the PP- and PSV-wave impedance and Poisson's ratio parameters of the Ordovician carbonate reservoir. Compared with the P-wave impedance of the ground seismic inversion, we found the VSP inversion results had higher accuracy, which enabled clearer identification of the internal characteristics of the carbonate reservoir. Finally, coupled with the Poisson's ratio attribute, we predicted the distribution of favorable reservoirs and interwell connectivity. The prediction results were verified using both logging and production data. The findings of this study demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technical method for the exploration of deep carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs.
Long-term Health Outcomes of Patients Evaluated for Unexplained Fever in a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic
Authors: Weakley Kathryn E , Marshall Gary S , Statler Victoria A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A telephone interview was conducted with parents of 120 children seen in a pediatric infectious diseases clinic for unexplained fever who received no definitive diagnosis or were thought to have recurrent self-limited illnesses. Only 3 were diagnosed with a fever-related condition after 8 years of follow-up. The majority remained well.
Flowering time and the identification of floral marker genes in Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena
Authors: Seibert Tanja , Abel Christin , Wahl Vanessa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSolanaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes agricultural species such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), eggplant (S. melongena), pepper (Capsicum annuum), and potato (S. tuberosum). The transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage has been extensively investigated in tomato as it affects fruit yield. While potato has mainly been studied with regards to the formation of storage organs, control of flowering time is a subject of increasing interest as development of true seeds is becoming more important for future breeding strategies. Here, we describe a robust growth regime for synchronized development of S. tuberosum ssp. andigena. Using SEM to analyse the developmental stages of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) throughout the floral transition, we show that andigena is a facultative long-day plant with respect to flowering. In addition, we identify the flower meristem identity gene MACROCALYX (StMC) as a marker to distinguish between the vegetative and reproductive stages. We show that the expression of WUSCHEL HOMEOBOX 9 (StWOX9) and ANANTHA (StAN) are specific to the inflorescence meristem and flower meristems in the cyme, respectively. The expression patterns of homologs of Arabidopsis flowering-time regulators were studied, and indicated that SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (StSOC1) and StFD might regulate flowering similar to other plant species.
Searching for correlations in Gaia DR2 unbound star trajectories
Authors: Montanari F , Barrado D , García-Bellido J 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Scattering events with compact objects are expected in the primordial black hole (PBH) cold dark matter (CDM) scenario, due to close encounters between stars and PBHs in the dense environments of dwarf spheroidals. We develop a Bayesian framework to search for correlations among Milky Way stellar trajectories and those of globular clusters and dwarf galaxies in the halo and in other nearby galaxies. We apply the method to a selection of hypervelocity stars (HVS) and globular clusters from the Gaia DR2 catalogue and known nearby (mostly dwarf) galaxies with full phase-space and size measurements. We report positive evidence for trajectory intersection ∼20–40 Myr ago of up to two stars, depending on priors, with the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) when assuming the distance estimates of Marchetti, Rossi & Brown (2018). We verify that the result is compatible with their evolutionary status, setting a lower bound for their stellar age of ∼100 Myr. However, such scattering events are not confirmed when assuming Anders et al. (2019) distance estimates. We discuss shortcomings related to present data quality and future prospects for detection of HVS with the full Gaia catalogue and Sagittarius dSph.
Cosmology with stacked cluster weak lensing and cluster–galaxy cross-correlations
Authors: Salcedo Andrés N , Wibking Benjamin D , Weinberg David H , Wu Hao-Yi , Ferrer Douglas , Eisenstein Daniel , Pinto Philip 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Cluster weak lensing is a sensitive probe of cosmology, particularly the amplitude of matter clustering σ8 and matter density parameter Ωm. The main nuisance parameter in a cluster weak lensing cosmological analysis is the scatter between the true halo mass and the relevant cluster observable, denoted $\sigma _{\ln M_\mathrm{ c}}$. We show that combining the cluster weak lensing observable ΔΣ with the projected cluster–galaxy cross-correlation function wp,cg and galaxy autocorrelation function wp,gg can break the degeneracy between σ8 and $\sigma _{\ln M_\mathrm{ c}}$ to achieve tight, per cent-level constraints on σ8. Using a grid of cosmological N-body simulations, we compute derivatives of ΔΣ, wp,cg, and wp,gg with respect to σ8, Ωm, $\sigma _{\ln M_\mathrm{ c}}$, and halo occupation distribution (HOD) parameters describing the galaxy population. We also compute covariance matrices motivated by the properties of the Dark Energy Survey cluster and weak lensing survey and the BOSS CMASS galaxy redshift survey. For our fiducial scenario combining ΔΣ, wp,cg, and wp,gg measured over 0.3−30.0 h−1 Mpc, for clusters at z = 0.35−0.55 above a mass threshold Mc ≈ 2 × 1014 h−1 M⊙, we forecast a $1.4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ constraint on σ8 while marginalizing over $\sigma _{\ln M_\mathrm{ c}}$ and all HOD parameters. Reducing the mass threshold to 1 × 1014 h−1 M⊙ and adding a z = 0.15−0.35 redshift bin sharpens this constraint to $0.8{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. The small-scale (rp &lt; 3.0 h−1 Mpc) ‘mass function’ and large-scale (rp &gt; 3.0 h−1 Mpc) ‘halo-mass cross-correlation’ regimes of ΔΣ have comparable constraining power, allowing internal consistency tests from such an analysis.
External photoevaporation of circumstellar discs constrains the time-scale for planet formation
Authors: Concha-Ramírez Francisca , Wilhelm Martijn J C , Portegies Zwart Simon , Haworth Thomas J 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Planet-forming circumstellar discs are a fundamental part of the star formation process. Since stars form in a hierarchical fashion in groups of up to hundreds or thousands, the UV radiation environment that these discs are exposed to can vary in strength by at least six orders of magnitude. This radiation can limit the masses and sizes of the discs. Diversity in star forming environments can have long lasting effects in disc evolution and in the resulting planetary populations. We perform simulations to explore the evolution of circumstellar discs in young star clusters. We include viscous evolution, as well as the impact of dynamical encounters and external photoevaporation. We find that photoevaporation is an important process in destroying circumstellar discs: in regions of stellar density ρ ∼ 100 M⊙ pc−3 around $80{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of discs are destroyed before $2\, \hbox{Myr}$ of cluster evolution. In regions of ρ ∼ 50 M⊙ pc−3 around $50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of discs are destroyed in the same time-scale. Our findings are in agreement with observed disc fractions in young star-forming regions and support previous estimations that planet formation must start in time-scales &lt;0.1–1 Myr.
A geomagnetic filter for the Fermi-LAT background
Authors: Prokhorov D A , Moraghan A 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
One of the unsolved questions in γ-ray astronomy is whether the extragalactic γ-ray background is of the discrete-source origin. To respond to this question, one first needs to reduce the data by differentiating charged particles from γ-rays. This procedure is usually performed on the basis of the detector responses. In this paper, we showed that the geomagnetic shielding effect at GeV energies can, to some extent, be used for this purpose for γ-ray telescopes in a low Earth orbit. We illustrated this method by applying it to the Fermi Large Area Telescope data. To partially decompose the charge-filtered background, we examined the contribution from star-forming galaxies by implying a radio/γ-ray connection in consideration of next-generation radio surveys.