bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and acceptance of interventions aimed at reducing sugar intake in Portugal
Authors: Prada Marília , Rodrigues David L , Godinho Cristina A , Lopes Diniz , Garrido Margarida V 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:Governments worldwide have been implementing interventions aimed at improving citizens’ dietary habits. Examining how individuals perceive these interventions is relevant for promoting future policies in this area, as well as informing the way they are designed and implemented. In the current study, we focused on interventions aimed at reducing sugar intake in Portugal, given the current high sugar consumption patterns in the population.Design:Online survey to assess which interventions are the most salient and receive greater public support.Setting:Portugal.Participants:1010 (76·7 % female, MAge 36·33, sd 13·22).Results:Data from a free-recall task showed that only about one-third of participants reported knowing about these interventions, namely those related to taxation, weight restrictions in individual sugar packets and limited availability of products with high sugar content. We also found evidence of high support for the eight interventions presented (except for replacing sugar by artificial sweeteners), positive attitudes towards the need of reducing sugar intake in the Portuguese population and high agreement with the importance of reducing sugar intake across all age groups, particularly among children. Participants also indicated paying attention to the amount of sugar in their diets and a low self-reported frequency of consumption of high sugary foods and beverages. A hierarchical regression analysis suggested that these variables were significantly associated with the overall acceptance of interventions, independently of social-demographic variables (i.e., age, education and sex).Conclusion:By examining how people perceive and accept different interventions targeting the reduction of sugar intake, the current work aims to support policymaking in this domain.
Do Elites Discriminate against Female Political Aspirants? Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Dhima Kostanca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDo elites exhibit gender bias when responding to political aspirants? Drawing on theories of gender bias, group attachment, and partisan identity, I conduct the first audit experiment outside the United States to examine the presence of gender bias in the earliest phases of the political recruitment process. Based on responses from 1,774 Canadian legislators, I find evidence of an overall gender bias in favor of female political aspirants. Specifically, legislators are more responsive to female political aspirants and more likely to provide them with helpful advice when they ask how to get involved in politics. This pro-women bias, which exists at all levels of government, is stronger among female legislators and those associated with left-leaning parties. These results suggest that political elites in Canada are open to increasing female political representation and thus should serve as welcome encouragement for women to pursue their political ambitions.
Herbicidal control of deathcamas (Zigadenus paniculatus)
Authors: Stonecipher Clinton A. , Ransom Corey , Thacker Eric , Welch Kevin , Gardner Dale R. , Palmer Matt 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFoothill deathcamas is a bulbous, perennial, native forb found throughout the western United States. Deathcamas begins growth early in the spring. The lack of alternative forages at this time can result in livestock becoming poisoned from the consumption of deathcamas. Research on herbicides for deathcamas control is limited to work from the 1950s and 1960s that identified 2,4-D as a control agent. The objective of this study was to evaluate alternative herbicide options for deathcamas control that include 2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr, quinclorac, aminopyralid, imazapic, and chlorsulfuron. We also investigated the impact of plant growth stage on deathcamas control by making herbicide applications at two growth stages. One set of plots was treated with herbicides when deathcamas was in the early vegetative stage and the second set was treated at flowering. There is some evidence that stress might affect alkaloid content; therefore, we monitored alkaloid content of treated and nontreated deathcamas. Plots were established at Mt. Sterling, UT, and Mt. Pleasant, UT. Deathcamas density was reduced in 2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr, and imazapic treatments 1 and 2 yr after herbicide application (P < 0.0001). Compared with the pretreatment densities, deathcamas densities(± standard error of the mean) 2 yr after herbicide application were reduced 96% ± 1.4%, 100% ± 0%, and 98% ± 0.9% for 2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr, and imazapic, respectively, at the Mt. Sterling site. At the Mt. Pleasant site, deathcamas density was reduced by 84% ± 2.8% with 2,4-D alone, whereas 2,4-D + triclopyr and imazapic provided similar density reductions as observed at the Mt. Sterling site. Steroidal alkaloid concentrations did not change in herbicide-treated deathcamas at either stage of plant growth. These data indicate that 2,4-D, 2,4-D + triclopyr, and imazapic can effectively control deathcamas in the vegetative and flowering growth stages.
Effects of fall-planted cereal cover-crop termination time on glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) suppression
Authors: Schramski John A. , Sprague Christy L. , Renner Karen A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntegrated strategies for management of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed are needed to reduce reliance on herbicides. Planting a cover crop after corn or soybean harvest in the Upper Midwest may reduce horseweed establishment and growth. Experiments were conducted in Michigan to determine if cereal rye and winter wheat, seeded at 67 or 135 kg ha−1, and terminated with glyphosate at 1.27 kg ae ha−11 wk before planting (early termination) or 1 wk after soybean planting (planting green) would suppress establishment and growth of GR horseweed. Cover-crop biomass was 212% to 272% higher when termination was delayed by planting green compared with early termination. At the time of termination, cover crops reduced GR horseweed biomass 41% to 89% compared with no cover. Planting green increased the C:N ratio of cover-crop residue, which improved residue persistence and GR horseweed suppression at the time of POST herbicide application, approximately 5 wk after planting. Planting green reduced GR horseweed biomass 46% to 93% compared with no cover at the time of POST herbicide application; early termination provided less consistent suppression. Cover crops alone did not suppress GR horseweed through soybean harvest. Soybean yield was 30% to 108% greater when planting green compared with early termination at 2 site-years. Cereal rye and winter wheat, seeded at 67 or 135 kg ha−1, provided early-season GR horseweed suppression. Results from this research indicate that the practice of planting green may improve GR horseweed suppression through the time of POST herbicide application.
A review of soft wearable robots that provide active assistance: Trends, common actuation methods, fabrication, and applications
Authors: Thalman Carly , Artemiadis Panagiotis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis review meta-analysis combines and compares the findings of previously published works in the field of soft wearable robots (SWRs) that provide active methods of actuation for assistive and augmentative purposes. A thorough investigation of major contributions in the field of an SWR is made to analyze trends in the field focused on fluidic and cable-driven systems, prevalent and successful approaches, and identify the future direction of SWRs and active actuation strategies. Types of soft actuators used in wearables are outlined, as well as general practices for fabrication methods of soft actuators and considerations for human–robot interface designs of garment-like exosuits. An overview of well-known and emerging upper body (UB)- and lower body (LB)-assistive technologies is categorized by the specific joints and degree of freedom (DoF) assisted and which actuator methodology is provided. Different use cases for SWRs are addressed, as well as implementation strategies and design applications.
Deficiency of peroxiredoxin 2 exacerbates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Jeong Se-Jin , Cho Min Ji , Ko Na Young , Kim Sinai , Jung In-Hyuk , Min Jeong-Ki , Lee Sang Hak , Park Jong-Gil , Oh Goo Taeg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an inflammatory vascular disease characterized by structural deterioration of the aorta caused by inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to aortic dilatation and rupture. Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), an antioxidant enzyme, has been reported as a potential negative regulator of inflammatory vascular diseases, and it has been identified as a protein that is increased in patients with ruptured AAA compared to patients with nonruptured AAA. In this study, we demonstrated that PRDX2 was a pivotal factor involved in the inhibition of AAA progression. PRDX2 levels were increased in AAA compared with those in normal aortas in both humans and mice. Ultrasound imaging revealed that the loss of PRDX2 accelerated the development of AAA in the early stages and increased AAA incidence in mice infused with angiotensin II (Ang II). Prdx2−/− mice infused with Ang II exhibited increased aortic dilatation and maximal aortic diameter without a change in blood pressure. Structural deterioration of the aortas from Prdx2−/− mice infused with Ang II was associated with increases in the degradation of elastin, oxidative stress, and intramural thrombi caused by microhemorrhages, immature neovessels, and the activation of matrix metalloproteinases compared to that observed in controls. Moreover, an increase in inflammatory responses, including the production of cell adhesion molecules and the accumulation of inflammatory cells and proinflammatory cytokines due to PRDX2 deficiency, accelerated Ang II-induced AAA progression. Our data confirm that PRDX2 plays a role as a negative regulator of the pathological process of AAA and suggest that increasing PRDX2 activity may be a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of AAA.
The perceptions of preclinical and clinical dental students to altered smile aesthetics
Authors: Aljefri Maha , Williams Julie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction
This prospective cohort study was designed to identify which components of a smile make it more or less aesthetically acceptable to dental students.

Aim
To investigate whether students at different stages of their undergraduate dental education held similar views on smile aesthetics. Additionally, to see whether students from the same ethnicity were more likely to have similar perceptions of smile aesthetics than students from different backgrounds.

Methodology
Dental students in either Year 1 (preclinical) or Year 5 (clinical) of their studies at the University of Bristol were asked to complete a questionnaire. Students were asked to rank 12 photographic images in order from most aesthetically pleasing (1) to least pleasing (12). The 12 images included one ‘ideal’ smile and 11 digitally altered images of the same “ideal” smile.

Results
A total of 123 questionnaires were completed. Clinical students were more likely to rank the ‘ideal smile’ as more aesthetically pleasing and identify it as the “best” smile from the set of images. Preclinical students considered retroclined incisors to be significantly less pleasing than clinical year students, whilst clinical year students found a midline diastema significantly less pleasing than preclinical students.

Conclusions
Dental students at different stages of their undergraduate dental education have different perceptions of smile aesthetics. There was no evidence that the perception of dental attractiveness was affected by students’ ethnicities or location of upbringing.
TRESK is a key regulator of nocturnal suprachiasmatic nucleus dynamics and light adaptive responses
Authors: Lalic Tatjana , Steponenaite Aiste , Wei Liting , Vasudevan Sridhar R. , Mathie Alistair , Peirson Stuart N. , Lall Gurprit S. , Cader M. Zameel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a complex structure dependent upon multiple mechanisms to ensure rhythmic electrical activity that varies between day and night, to determine circadian adaptation and behaviours. SCN neurons are exposed to glutamate from multiple sources including from the retino-hypothalamic tract and from astrocytes. However, the mechanism preventing inappropriate post-synaptic glutamatergic effects is unexplored and unknown. Unexpectedly we discovered that TRESK, a calcium regulated two-pore potassium channel, plays a crucial role in this system. We propose that glutamate activates TRESK through NMDA and AMPA mediated calcium influx and calcineurin activation to then oppose further membrane depolarisation and rising intracellular calcium. Hence, in the absence of TRESK, glutamatergic activity is unregulated leading to membrane depolarisation, increased nocturnal SCN firing, inverted basal calcium levels and impaired sensitivity in light induced phase delays. Our data reveals TRESK plays an essential part in SCN regulatory mechanisms and light induced adaptive behaviours.
The quantum-optical nature of high harmonic generation
Authors: Gorlach Alexey , Neufeld Ofer , Rivera Nicholas , Cohen Oren , Kaminer Ido 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh harmonic generation (HHG) is an extremely nonlinear effect generating coherent broadband radiation and pulse durations reaching attosecond timescales. Conventional models of HHG that treat the driving and emitted fields classically are usually very successful but inherently cannot capture the quantum-optical nature of the process. Although prior work considered quantum HHG, it remains unknown in what conditions the spectral and statistical properties of the radiation depart considerably from the known phenomenology of HHG. The discovery of such conditions could lead to novel sources of attosecond light having squeezing and entanglement. Here, we present a fully-quantum theory of extreme nonlinear optics, predicting quantum effects that alter both the spectrum and photon statistics of HHG, thus departing from all previous approaches. We predict the emission of shifted frequency combs and identify spectral features arising from the breakdown of the dipole approximation for the emission. Our results show that each frequency component of HHG can be bunched and squeezed and that each emitted photon is a superposition of all frequencies in the spectrum, i.e., each photon is a comb. Our general approach is applicable to a wide range of nonlinear optical processes, paving the way towards novel quantum phenomena in extreme nonlinear optics.
Low elevation of Svalbard glaciers drives high mass loss variability
Authors: Noël Brice , Jakobs C. L. , van Pelt W. J. J. , Lhermitte S. , Wouters B. , Kohler J. , Hagen J. O. , Luks B. , Reijmer C. H. , van de Berg W. J. , van den Broeke M. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCompared to other Arctic ice masses, Svalbard glaciers are low-elevated with flat interior accumulation areas, resulting in a marked peak in their current hypsometry (area-elevation distribution) at ~450 m above sea level. Since summer melt consistently exceeds winter snowfall, these low-lying glaciers can only survive by refreezing a considerable fraction of surface melt and rain in the porous firn layer covering their accumulation zones. We use a high-resolution climate model to show that modest atmospheric warming in the mid-1980s forced the firn zone to retreat upward by ~100 m to coincide with the hypsometry peak. This led to a rapid areal reduction of firn cover available for refreezing, and strongly increased runoff from dark, bare ice areas, amplifying mass loss from all elevations. As the firn line fluctuates around the hypsometry peak in the current climate, Svalbard glaciers will continue to lose mass and show high sensitivity to temperature perturbations.
Transition metal dichalcogenide metamaterials with atomic precision
Authors: Munkhbat Battulga , Yankovich Andrew B. , Baranov Denis G. , Verre Ruggero , Olsson Eva , Shegai Timur O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ability to extract materials just a few atoms thick has led to the discoveries of graphene, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and other important two-dimensional materials. The next step in promoting the understanding and utility of flatland physics is to study the one-dimensional edges of these two-dimensional materials as well as to control the edge-plane ratio. Edges typically exhibit properties that are unique and distinctly different from those of planes and bulk. Thus, controlling the edges would allow the design of materials with combined edge-plane-bulk characteristics and tailored properties, that is, TMD metamaterials. However, the enabling technology to explore such metamaterials with high precision has not yet been developed. Here we report a facile and controllable anisotropic wet etching method that allows scalable fabrication of TMD metamaterials with atomic precision. We show that TMDs can be etched along certain crystallographic axes, such that the obtained edges are nearly atomically sharp and exclusively zigzag-terminated. This results in hexagonal nanostructures of predefined order and complexity, including few-nanometer-thin nanoribbons and nanojunctions. Thus, this method enables future studies of a broad range of TMD metamaterials through atomically precise control of the structure.
Transient IGF-1R inhibition combined with osimertinib eradicates AXL-low expressing EGFR mutated lung cancer
Authors: Wang Rong , Yamada Tadaaki , Kita Kenji , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Arai Sachiko , Fukuda Koji , Terashima Minoru , Ishimura Akihiko , Nishiyama Akihiro , Tanimoto Azusa , Takeuchi Shinji , Ohtsubo Koshiro , Yamashita Kaname , Yamano Tomoyoshi , Yoshimura Akihiro , Takayama Koichi , Kaira Kyoichi , Taniguchi Yoshihiko , Atagi Shinji , Uehara Hisanori , Hanayama Rikinari , Matsumoto Isao , Han Xujun , Matsumoto Kunio , Wang Wei , Suzuki Takeshi , Yano Seiji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrug tolerance is the basis for acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) including osimertinib, through mechanisms that still remain unclear. Here, we show that while AXL-low expressing EGFR mutated lung cancer (EGFRmut-LC) cells are more sensitive to osimertinib than AXL-high expressing EGFRmut-LC cells, a small population emerge osimertinib tolerance. The tolerance is mediated by the increased expression and phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), caused by the induction of its transcription factor FOXA1. IGF-1R maintains association with EGFR and adaptor proteins, including Gab1 and IRS1, in the presence of osimertinib and restores the survival signal. In AXL-low-expressing EGFRmut-LC cell-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models, transient IGF-1R inhibition combined with continuous osimertinib treatment could eradicate tumors and prevent regrowth even after the cessation of osimertinib. These results indicate that optimal inhibition of tolerant signals combined with osimertinib may dramatically improve the outcome of EGFRmut-LC.
Deep learning enabled smart mats as a scalable floor monitoring system
Authors: Shi Qiongfeng , Zhang Zixuan , He Tianyiyi , Sun Zhongda , Wang Bingjie , Feng Yuqin , Shan Xuechuan , Salam Budiman , Lee Chengkuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractToward smart building and smart home, floor as one of our most frequently interactive interfaces can be implemented with embedded sensors to extract abundant sensory information without the video-taken concerns. Yet the previously developed floor sensors are normally of small scale, high implementation cost, large power consumption, and complicated device configuration. Here we show a smart floor monitoring system through the integration of self-powered triboelectric floor mats and deep learning-based data analytics. The floor mats are fabricated with unique “identity” electrode patterns using a low-cost and highly scalable screen printing technique, enabling a parallel connection to reduce the system complexity and the deep-learning computational cost. The stepping position, activity status, and identity information can be determined according to the instant sensory data analytics. This developed smart floor technology can establish the foundation using floor as the functional interface for diverse applications in smart building/home, e.g., intelligent automation, healthcare, and security.
Dual-crosslinked hyaluronan hydrogels with rapid gelation and high injectability for stem cell protection
Authors: Han Chenggang , Zhang Hua , Wu Yidong , He Xiuchao , Chen Xianwu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInjectable dynamic hydrogels play a key role in cell transplantation to protect the cells from shear stress during injection. However, it still remains challenging to design dynamic hydrogels with fast gelation and high stability for protecting cells under flow due to the slow formation and exchange of most dynamic bonds. Here, a novel dual-crosslinked hydrogel system with fast dynamic crosslinks is developed by using methacrylate chitosan (CHMA) and aldehyde functionalized hyaluronate (oxidized HA, OHA). Based on the cooperation of electrostatic interaction between cationic amino of chitosan and anionic carboxyl of HA and Schiff-based crosslinking through amino and aldehyde groups, the dynamic CHMA-OHA hydrogel shows rapid gelation and high injectability. Further, the CHMA-OHA hydrogel is photopolymerized for achieving a high modulus and stability. Importantly, such hydrogels loaded with stem cells remains a cell viability (~ 92%) after extrusion. These results indicate that the CHMA-OHA hydrogel is a promising tissue engineering biomaterial for therapeutic cell delivery and 3D printing of encapsulated cell scaffolds.
A customized scaffolds approach for the detection and phasing of complex variants by next-generation sequencing
Authors: Zeng Qiandong , Leach Natalia T. , Zhou Zhaoqing , Zhu Hui , Smith Jean A. , Rosenblum Lynne S. , Kenyon Angela , Heim Ruth A. , Eisenberg Marcia , Letovsky Stanley , Okamoto Patricia M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNext-generation sequencing (NGS) is widely used in genetic testing for the highly sensitive detection of single nucleotide changes and small insertions or deletions. However, detection and phasing of structural variants, especially in repetitive or homologous regions, can be problematic due to uneven read coverage or genome reference bias, resulting in false calls. To circumvent this challenge, a computational approach utilizing customized scaffolds as supplementary reference sequences for read alignment was developed, and its effectiveness demonstrated with two CBS gene variants: NM_000071.2:c.833T>C and NM_000071.2:c.[833T>C; 844_845ins68]. Variant c.833T>C is a known causative mutation for homocystinuria, but is not pathogenic when in cis with the insertion, c.844_845ins68, because of alternative splicing. Using simulated reads, the custom scaffolds method resolved all possible combinations with 100% accuracy and, based on > 60,000 clinical specimens, exceeded the performance of current approaches that only align reads to GRCh37/hg19 for the detection of c.833T>C alone or in cis with c.844_845ins68. Furthermore, analysis of two 1000 Genomes Project trios revealed that the c.[833T>C; 844_845ins68] complex variant had previously been undetected in these datasets, likely due to the alignment method used. This approach can be configured for existing workflows to detect other challenging and potentially underrepresented variants, thereby augmenting accurate variant calling in clinical NGS testing.