bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of graphene oxide on chloride penetration resistance of recycled concrete
Authors: Guo Kai , Miao Hang , Liu Lin , Zhou Jinghai , Liu Ming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a nanomaterial with ultra-high strength, good hydrophilicity, and dispersibility. To study the effect of GO on chloride penetration resistance of recycled concrete, the mechanism of action is investigated. The electric flux method is used to test the chloride penetration in recycled concrete specimens with 0, 0.03%, 0.06%, and 0.09% of GO. The volume change, microscopic pore distribution, and micro-structure morphology are characterized using laser rangefinder, and techniques such as X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the "coagulation nodule" effect of GO provides a growth basis for cement hydration,which results in a more uniform distribution of the hydrate microcrystals. It fills the micro-cracks of the recycled concrete, reduces the most probable aperture, increases the number of harmless small apertures, and enhances the volume stability of recycled concrete, thereby improving the chloride penetration resistance, which is important for improving the durability of concrete.
Flow Development Through An S-Shaped Diffusing Duct
Authors: Teng Jinfang , Feng Junda , Wu Dongrun , He Pan , Zhu Mingmin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on the internal flow development of an S-shaped diffusing duct. Based on the experimental result of total pressure recovery coefficient, the Reynolds stress model (RSM) was selected as a suitable turbulence model for the present study. The numerical results show that 6.2 times the area ratio of the exit to inlet and the aggressive deflection at the first bend of the lower wall lead to strong adverse pressure gradient and very large flow separation, and create a pair of counter-rotating vortices along streamwise direction. The duct diffuser efficiency is 72.37 %. The area-averaged total pressure recovery coefficient at the exit of the duct is 0.9814, and the synthesis distortion index DC (60) is 0.7081.
Extending the knowledge on the quaternary rare earth nickel aluminum germanides of the RENiAl4Ge2 series (RE=Y, Sm, Gd–Tm, Lu) – structural, magnetic and NMR-spectroscopic investigations
Authors: Witt Melina , Bönnighausen Judith , Eustermann Fabian , Savourat Aline , Scheifers Jan P. , Fokwa Boniface P.T. , Doerenkamp Carsten , Eckert Hellmut , Janka Oliver 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The quaternary rare earth nickel aluminum germanide series RENiAl4Ge2 (RE = Y, Sm, Gd–Tm, Lu) has been extended by several members. The compounds were synthesized from the elements by arc-melting, and single crystals of YNiAl4Ge2, GdNiAl4Ge2, and LuNiAl4Ge2 were grown from an aluminum flux. All members crystallize isostructurally in the rhombohedral SmNiAl4Ge2-type structure (R3̅m, Z = 3). The compounds can be described as a stacking of RE
δ+ and [NiAl4Ge2]
δ−
slabs with an ABC stacking sequence, or alternatively as stacking of CsCl and CdI2 building blocks. The results of the magnetic measurements indicate that all rare earth atoms are in a trivalent oxidation state. Of the RENiAl4Ge2 series, the members with RE = Sm, Gd–Dy exhibit antiferromagnetic ordering with a maximum Néel temperature of T
N = 16.4(1) K observed for GdNiAl4Ge2. 27Al NMR spectroscopic investigations yielded spectra with two distinct signals, in line with the crystal structure, however, significantly different resonance frequencies of δ
iso
ms(YNiAl4Ge2) = 77(1) and 482(1) ppm as well as δ
iso
ms(LuNiAl4Ge2) = 90(1) and 467(1) ppm were observed. These indicate significantly different s-electron densities at the two crystallographically different Al atoms, in line with the results from DFT calculations. The Bader charge analysis confirms that the present compounds must be considered as germanides, as expected from the relative electronegativities of the constituent elements, while the low charges on Al and Y indicate significant covalent bonding.
Reproducibility of Pop-Ins in Fracture Test of Heterogeneous Welds and Numerical Assessment of Crack Arrest
Authors: Kanna Sohei , Yamashita Yoichi , Kawabata Tomoya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For the occurrence of a “pop-in,” which represents the initiation, propagation, and arrest of a brittle crack in a three-point bending test, the evaluated fracture toughness may be very small. To experimentally verify whether the pop-in occurring at the specimen level is even included in the actual structure, the purpose of this study was to first induce pop-ins in a three-point bending test. It was possible to reproduce a pop-in at a local brittle zone (LBZ) by preparing heterogeneous weld specimens and considering the temperature dependence of the toughness of each welding material. Furthermore, a crack propagation analysis by the nodal release method was conducted. The crack opening stress including dynamic effects was compared before and after the pop-in. Because of the initiation of brittle cracks in the LBZ, the high-stress area shifted from the center with low toughness to the edge with high toughness. Decrease in the crack opening stress was determined as a factor contributing to the crack arrest.
Klinefelter syndrome and testosterone treatment: a national cohort study on thrombosis risk
Authors: Chang Simon , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Bojesen Anders , Juul Svend , Münster Anna-Marie B , Gravholt Claus H 
Published: January 2020

Objectives
Klinefelter syndrome (KS), 47,XXY, can be viewed as a disease model for investigating the risk of thrombosis in male hypogonadism and the subsequent risk related to testosterone treatment. We describe rates of thrombotic risk factors, thrombosis and thrombosis mortality in KS and the association with testosterone treatment.

Methods
National registry-based matched cohort study with follow-up from 1995 to 2016 set in Denmark. For the study, 1155 men with KS were each matched by year and month of birth to 100 men from the background population. First thrombotic events and thrombosis mortality was evaluated by event rates and hazard ratios (HRs) and by applying testosterone treatment as a time-dependent covariate.

Results
The KS cohort had higher incidence of venous thromboembolism relative to the comparison cohort (HR, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.83–5.52). Total thrombotic deaths were increased in KS (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18–2.62), and all-cause mortality was increased in KS following arterial thrombosis (HR 1.73; 95% CI 1.22–2.47). Only 48.7% of men with KS redeemed prescriptions for testosterone. Untreated men with KS were on average born 12 years before those treated, and the majority of untreated men with KS with available biochemistry were hypogonadal. Testosterone treatment in KS was associated with a non-significant decrease in venous thromboembolism and thrombotic deaths.

Conclusion
Thrombosis and thrombotic deaths are increased in KS. Only half of the men with KS ever received testosterone treatment, despite overt hypogonadism in the non-treated. Testosterone treatment in Klinefelter syndrome was insignificantly associated with lower incidence rates of venous thrombosis and thrombotic deaths.
Sellar surprises: a single-centre experience of unusual sellar masses
Authors: Thakkar Kunal , Ramteke-Jadhav Swati , Kasaliwal Rajeev , Memon Saba Samad , Patil Virendra , Thadani Puja , Lomte Nilesh , Sankhe Shilpa , Goel Atul , Epari Sridhar , Goel Naina , Lila Anurag , Shah Nalini S , Bandgar Tushar 
Published: January 2020

Background
Most common incidentally detected sellar-suprasellar region (SSR) masses are pituitary adenomas, followed by craniopharyngioma, rathke’s cleft cyst, hypophysitis, and meningioma. Besides these, certain unusual SSR lesions can sometimes present as diagnostic challenges, where diagnosis is often made post-operatively on histopathology, the pre-operative suspicion of which might have influenced the management strategies. Series describing such masses are few.

Objective
To present clinical, biochemical, and radiological characteristics and management outcomes of rare SSR lesions other than pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngioma, rathke’s cleft cyst, hypophysitis, and meningioma.

Design, setting, patients
Retrospective case record analysis of patients with uncommon SSR masses (from January 2006 to December 2016).

Results
Our series consisted of ten patients, five with neoplastic and five with non-neoplastic lesions. Neoplastic masses included granular cell tumor (n = 2), astrocytoma (n = 1), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST, n = 1), and metastasis from occult papillary carcinoma of thyroid (n = 1), while non-neoplastic masses were aspergillus abscess (n = 1), sterile abscess (n = 1), and tubercular abscess (n = 1), aneurysm of left internal carotid artery (n = 1), and ruptured dermoid cyst (n = 1). All patients (except one) presented with headache and/or visual disturbance. Only one patient had acromegaly while most others had hypopituitarism. We describe detailed MRI characteristics of each of the lesion. Seven patients underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery. Post-operatively, five patients had permanent diabetes insipidus, while two patients died in early post-operative period.

Conclusion
Our series expand the differential diagnostic considerations of SSR lesions. Most of the rare SSR masses present with symptoms of mass effects and hypopituitarism. Except for some non-neoplastic lesions like sellar abscesses, aneurysms, and dermoid cysts which can have some specific imaging characteristics that can provide clue to pre-operative diagnosis, most of the other neoplastic masses have overlapping radiological features, and pre-operative suspicion remains difficult.
Lipid accumulation product independently correlate with hepatic steatosis quantified by controlled attenuation parameter in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Zheng Silan , Tong Meifeng , Dong Lianqin , Du Chunmin , Zheng Xin , Wang Liying , Huang Peiying , Liu Wei , Lin Mingzhu , Liu Changqin 
Published: January 2020

Objective
To explore the independent associations of the new adiposity indices lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and product of triglycerides and glucose (TyG) with the risks of hepatic steatosis (HS) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Design
This is a cross-sectional study with 101 women with PCOS undergoing controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurement who were recruited from November 2018 to August 2019. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associations of adiposity indices with HS.

Result(s)
Among the 101 PCOS patients, the prevalence rate of HS was 70.3%. The PCOS patients with HS have higher percentage of overweight/obesity status, higher level of aminotransferase (AST and ALT), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LAP, VAI, TyG, waist circumference (WC), and BMI (P < 0.05). Partial correlation analysis showed LAP, WC and BMI were significantly positively associated with CAP (P < 0.05) after controlling for confounding factors. Besides, BMI, WC, and CAP were gradually elevated with the increase of LAP level. Further, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed adjusted odd ratio (OR) with associated 95% CI (OR (95% CI)) were respectively 1.09 (1.03–1.16) for LAP, 1.14 (1.05–1.23) for WC, 1.28 (1.08–1.51) for BMI, respectively.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrates that in women with PCOS, except for the traditional adiposity indices (WC and BMI), LAP is independently correlated with the risk of HS.
Idiopathic Eosinophilic Myocarditis Presenting with Features of an Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Tran Nam , Kwok Chun Shing , Bennett Sadie , Ratib Karim , Heatlie Grant , Phan Thanh 
Published: January 2020

Summary
A 62-year-old female was admitted with severe left-sided chest pain, nausea and pre-syncope. She had widespread T wave inversion on ECG and elevated troponins and was suspected to have an acute coronary syndrome event. Invasive coronary angiogram revealed normal coronary anatomy with no flow-limiting lesions. Echocardiography and cardiac MRI revealed impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic impairment, a mobile LV apical thrombus and a moderate global pericardial effusion with no significant compromise. Full blood count analysis indicated the patient to have significant eosinophilia, and the patient was diagnosed with idiopathic eosinophilic myocarditis. She was commenced on Prednisolone and Apixaban, and eosinophil levels returned to normal after 10 days of steroids. Over the course of 3 months, the patient had a complete recovery of her LV function and resolution of the LV thrombus. This case highlights a rare, reversible case of idiopathic eosinophilic myocarditis which may present similar to acute coronary syndrome.
CITIES, FORTRESSES, GARRISONS. FORTIFICATION AND DEFENSE STRATEGIES IN THE COSSACK HETMANATE IN THE «MILITARIY REVOLUTION» PERIOD
Authors: Sokyrko Oleksii 
Published: January 2020

Changes in the Early Modern military technologies have fundamentally affected the transformation in urban space: fortifications, planning, lifestyle of the inhabitants. At the same time, the development of new defence fortresses and the modernization of the old ones, the providing it by garrisons and artillery have become important elements of state policy. All these innovations were part of the «military revolution» in Europe. Its features in this had the important place in Eastern European states among them and the Cossack Hetmanate.The theatre of military operations on which the main enemy for a long time were the Tatars had led to the fact that most fortifications were wood-earthen.However, the development of firearms gradually forced to abandon brick and wooden fortifications of the frontal type. They were supplemented with elements of Western European fortification (bastions and ravelins), which increased the firepower of the fortress and its defensive capacity.At the same time, the Hetmanate did not have sufficient resources for largescale reconstructions of fortresses and the maintenance of permanent garrisons in them. The combination of these factors led to the fact that in the XVIII century fortification building in the Cossack Hetmanate passed into the hands of Russia and began to be used in the interests of the Empire.
HYGIENIC PERIODICALS AND THE SHAPING OF DISCOURSE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN LVIV AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors: Trach Vira 
Published: January 2020

During the nineteenth century socio-political and economic transformations, as well as scientific discoveries, changed views on health and its value. Also,the concept of public health, which was no longer concentrated on the individual but on a group of people, was included in the sphere of interest of thebroader strata of society in the Central and Eastern Europe. The hygienic movement occupied an important modernizing segment in a wide range ofsocial movement and had an influence on changes in urban space during the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Cleanliness and health became signsof modern city and civilization.More noticeable public interest to hygienic ideas in Lviv emerged in the late nineteenth-early twentieth century. One of the manifestations of this was the emergence of hygienic periodicals that focused on issues of public health issues, and especially hygiene, covered almost all areas of everyday life – hygieneof clothing, nutrition, school an urban hygiene etc. At the first time, such journal was published in Lviv during 1872. Four periodicals dedicated to hygiene were published in the city in the period between 1902 and 1914. The publishing of all these periodicals was a non-profit enterprise, and editors were constantly looking for financial resources to ensure their existence.In the first place, the initiative of publishing belonged to Ukrainian and Polish doctors. Lviv hygienic periodicals were published in Polish and Ukrainian and were addressed to the respective national communities. They discussed the same issues, spread the same ideas, but focused mostly on Polish or Ukrainian readers, reflected the socio-political ideas of that time and integrated the concept of health into the competitive ideas of national development.
Pelayaran Angkutan Jamaah Haji di Hindia Belanda (Tahun 1911-1930)
Authors: Fauzan Ahmad 
Published: January 2020

Abstrak Tulisan membahas tentang transportasi ibadah haji di masa pemerintahan Hindia Belanda pada tahun 1911-1930 M. Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi transportasi haji, baik dalam arti ekonomis maupun sebagai sarana pendukung bagi perjalanan haji yang ada di pelabuhan Batavia. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian kualitatif, sementara data diperoleh melalui penelusuran literatur dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis ini didasarkan pada teknik heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ada sebuah ironi terkait dengan kebijakan pemerintah kolonial terkait dengan aturan transportasi yang termuat dalam Ordonansi Hajj tahun 1898 – 1922 yang menekankan pada aspek kesehatan fasilitas ibadah. Pembahasan terkait transportasi ibadah haji ini menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Hindia Belanda sebenarnya tidak memberikan pelayanan dalam perjalanan ibadah haji, kecuali hanya mementingkan aspek ekonomi saja. Kesimpulan ini diambil berdasarkan fakta bahwa banyak jamaah haji yang sakit dan meninggal dalam kapal angkutan milik pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Kapal ini tidak dilengkapi fasilitas yang memadai dan kabin yang tidak layak untuk perjalanan jauh. Kata kunci: kebijakan kolonial, Hindia Belanda, Transportasi, haji, Batavia ------- Abstract This paper discusses the transportation of pilgrims at Netherlands Indie in 1911-1930. The purpose of writing this research to determine the conditions transportation of pilgrims both in terms ofeconomic, as well as of supporting facilities above pilgrims hajjships available at the port of Batavia. The method used in this study is qualitative. While data collection is done through literature research and documentation. This data analysis technique based on heuristic techniques, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The findings of this study is an irony between the colonial government policy for transportation improvements embodied in Ordinance Hajj pilgrimage in 1898 to 1922 which it prioritizes health facilities worshipers. This discussion of the findings in the transportation of pilgrims produced that belonged to the Dutch East Indies in the dynamics can not serve pilgrims journey to the maximum and is only concerned with the economic aspects alone. Thus it can be concluded because often was found pilgrims are sick and even died in the course of the ships belonging to the Dutch East Indies Hajj, because Hajj ships is in the know of inadequate facilities and the rooms were not comfortable for long journeys pilgrims. Keywords: Colonial Policy, Dutch East Indies, Transportation of pilgrims, Pilgrimage, Batavia.
Dinamika Ekonomi Masyarakat Arab di Batavia Tahun 1900-1942
Authors: Yusuf Akhmad 
Published: January 2020

Abstrak Sejak awal abad ke-17 Batavia yang dahulu dikenal dengan nama Sunda Kelapa lalu menjadi Jayakarta kemudian menjadi Batavia sudah berkembang menjadi sebuah pelabuhan dagang yang menjalankan aktivitas perniagaan. Batavia merupakan pusat kota pemerintahan Hindia Belanda sejak tahun 1619–1942. Sepanjang sejarah kolonial, administrasi dan daftar statistik pemerintah kolonial membagi-bagi penduduk menurut bangsanya dan secara khusus memisahkan masyarakat Cina dan Arab dari golongan pribumi.Batavia memiliki lokasi geografis sangat strategis, Batavia sangat cocok untuk dijadikan pusat kegiatan ekonomi di Asia. Selain sebagai tempat berkumpulnya kapal-kapal, Batavia selanjutnya juga berfungsi sebagai salah satu kota pelabuhan utama dalam jaringan perdagangan Asia. Dalam beberapa catatan sejarah bahwa golongan Arab dan Cina masuk wilayah Nusantara dan berasimilasi dengan masyarakat pribumi hingga menjadi ‘peranakan’ atau orang-orang keturunan yang lahir di Nusantara, namun oleh pemerintah dipaksakan dengan alasan untuk ‘melindungi’ kaum pribumi. Khususnya pedagang; tetapi pasti juga dengan alasan politik dan ekonomi. Kebanyakan dari para pedagang ini membentuk sebuah mata rantai atau jaringan perdagangan yang terjalin antar sesama komunitas. Sudah sejak lama masyarakatArab meninggalkan tanah air mereka di Hadhramaut (Yaman Selatan) yang tandus,untuk memperbaiki hidup.Mereka berdiaspora ke berbagai belahan dunia, termasuk ke Nusantara. Untuk berdagang dan menyebarkan agama Islam kepada penduduk setempat. Kata Kunci : Arab, Hadhramaut, Jaringan Ekonomi, Perdagangan, Batavia, 1900-1942. ------- Abstract Since the beginning of 17th century, Batavia which was known as Sunda Kelapa then Jayakarta then Batavia, had been a trading city which manykinds of trading activities were there. Batavia was a centre of dutch east indies government since 1619-1942. Along the colonial history, administration and statistic data of colonial government categorized their people based on their nations and, specifically, separated the Chinese and Arabs from the natives.Batavia had a strategic geography, Batavia was the best site for economic activites in Asia. Not only as a site for ships to anchor, Batavia was also functioning as one of the main port towns in Asia trading network. Depend on historical records the Chinese and Arabs kept entering the Nusantara and assimilated theirselves with the natives as ‘offspring’ or descendants who were born in Nusantara, however the government forced them to be separated with reason to protect the natives.Especially the traders, which the other political and economic reasons were included as well. Majority of the traders created trader cycles or networks which were consolidated within the community. Since a long time ago the Arabs left their hometowns in the dry Hadhramaut (South Yemen), including to Nusantara to make livings. They went overseas diasporically. They did trading and teaching religions to natives. Keywords: Arabs, Hadhramaut, Networking Economy, Trade, Batavia, 1900-1942