bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of trauma‐related mental health problems among refugees: A mixed‐methods evaluation of the MindSpring group programme in Denmark
Authors: Husby Simon Ruben , Carlsson Jessica , Mathilde Scotte Jensen Anna , Glahder Lindberg Laura , Sonne Charlotte 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMindSpring (MS) is a community group intervention for refugees with the purpose of strengthening the participants' ability to cope with psychosocial problems, thereby preventing that premigration trauma and postmigratory stressors evolve into psychiatric disorders. The aim of the present project was to study the acceptability and impacts of MS. The study was a mixed‐methods observational study including 92 Arabic speaking refugees. Participants completed a baseline demographic questionnaire, an outcome questionnaire and the World Health Organization (WHO)‐5 well‐being questionnaire (which is also validated as a depression screening tool) before and after the intervention. The paired t test showed a highly significant prepost difference on 12.84 points on the WHO‐5. Participants' satisfaction was very high with a 98% overall satisfaction rate. The focus groups results supported these findings. The MS programme is an acceptable intervention for refugees. The significant improvement on WHO‐5 suggests a positive impact on depressive symptoms and well‐being.
Distinct cachexia profiles in response to human pancreatic tumours in mouse limb and respiratory muscle
Authors: Nosacka Rachel L. , Delitto Andrea E. , Delitto Dan , Patel Rohan , Judge Sarah M. , Trevino Jose G. , Judge Andrew R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer cachexia is a life‐threatening metabolic syndrome that causes significant loss of skeletal muscle mass and significantly increases mortality in cancer patients. Currently, there is an urgent need for better understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of this disease so that effective therapies can be developed. The majority of pre‐clinical studies evaluating skeletal muscle's response to cancer have focused on one or two pre‐clinical models, and almost all have focused specifically on limb muscles. In the current study, we reveal key differences in the histology and transcriptomic signatures of a limb muscle and a respiratory muscle in orthotopic pancreatic cancer patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) mice.MethodsTo create four cohorts of PDX mice evaluated in this study, tumours resected from four pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients were portioned and attached to the pancreas of immunodeficient NSG mice.ResultsBody weight, muscle mass, and fat mass were significantly decreased in each PDX line. Histological assessment of cryosections taken from the tibialis anterior (TA) and diaphragm (DIA) revealed differential effects of tumour burden on their morphology. Subsequent genome‐wide microarray analysis on TA and DIA also revealed key differences between their transcriptomes in response to cancer. Genes up‐regulated in the DIA were enriched for extracellular matrix protein‐encoding genes and genes related to the inflammatory response, while down‐regulated genes were enriched for mitochondria related protein‐encoding genes. Conversely, the TA showed up‐regulation of canonical atrophy‐associated pathways such as ubiquitin‐mediated protein degradation and apoptosis, and down‐regulation of genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins.ConclusionsThese data suggest that distinct biological processes may account for wasting in different skeletal muscles in response to the same tumour burden. Further investigation into these differences will be critical for the future development of effective clinical strategies to counter cancer cachexia.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis and heterocyclic functionalization of chromenopyridines on calixarene scaffold
Authors: Ali Korany A. , Abdel Hafez Naglaa A. , Elsayed Mohamed A. , Ibrahim Alhuessin A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA three‐component one‐pot condensation reaction of chroman‐4‐one with ethyl 2‐cyanoacetate and various aldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate afforded a series of 2‐oxo‐4‐phenyl‐1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐chromeno[4,3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carbonitrile. These heterocycles have been converted to chloropyridine derivatives and appended to macrocyclic calix[4]arene scaffold through aromatic nucleophilic substitution under microwave irradiation. In this study, the microwave‐assisted functionalization of the lower rim of calix[4]arene has been considered the only appropriate tool because the conventional heating did not lead to any new product after 72 hours of heating under thermal condition.
Development of a newborn screening tool for mucopolysaccharidosis type I based on bivariate normal limits: Using glycosaminoglycan and alpha‐L‐iduronidase determinations on dried blood spots to predict symptoms
Authors: Langan Thomas J. , Jalal Kabir , Barczykowski Amy L. , Carter Randy L. , Stapleton Molly , Orii Kenji , Fukao Toshiyuki , Kobayashi Hironori , Yamaguchi Seiji , Tomatsu Shunji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeCurrent newborn screening (NBS) for mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPSI) has very high false positive rates and low positive predictive values (PPVs). To improve the accuracy of presymptomatic prediction for MPSI, we propose an NBS tool based on known biomarkers, alpha‐L‐iduronidase enzyme activity (IDUA) and level of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) heparan sulfate (HS).MethodsWe developed the NBS tool using measures from dried blood spots (DBS) of 5000 normal newborns from Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The tool's predictive accuracy was tested on the newborn DBS from these infants and from seven patients who were known to have early‐onset MPSI (Hurler's syndrome). Bivariate analyses of the standardized natural logarithms of IDUA and HS levels were employed to develop the tool.ResultsEvery case of early‐onset MPSI was predicted correctly by the tool. No normal newborn was incorrectly identified as having early‐onset MPSI, whereas 12 normal newborns were so incorrectly identified by the Gifu NBS protocol. The PPV was estimated to be 99.9%.ConclusionsBivariate analysis of IDUA with HS in newborn DBS can accurately predict early MPSI symptoms, control false positive rates, and enhance presymptomatic treatment. This bivariate analysis‐based approach, which was developed for Krabbe disease, can be extended to additional screened disorders.
Diagnosis and Grading of Prostate Cancer by Relaxation Maps From Synthetic MRI
Authors: Cui Yadong , Han Siyuan , Liu Ming , Wu Pu‐yeh , Zhang Wei , Zhang Jintao , Li Chunmei , Chen Min 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe interpretation system for prostate MRI is largely based on qualitative image contrast of different tissue types. Therefore, a fast, standardized, and robust quantitative technique is necessary. Synthetic MRI is capable of quantifying multiple relaxation parameters, which might have potential applications in prostate cancer (PCa).PurposeTo investigate the use of quantitative relaxation maps derived from synthetic MRI for the diagnosis and grading of PCa.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsIn all, 94 men with pathologically confirmed PCa or benign pathological changes.Field Strength/SequenceT1‐weighted imaging, T2‐weighted imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging, and synthetic MRI at 3.0T.AssessmentFour kinds of tissue types were identified on pathology, including PCa, stromal hyperplasia (SH), glandular hyperplasia (GH), and noncancerous peripheral zone (PZ). PCa foci were grouped as low‐grade (LG, Gleason score ≤6) and intermediate/high‐grade (HG, Gleason score ≥7). Regions of interest were manually drawn by two radiologists in consensus on parametric maps according to the pathological results.Statistical TestsIndependent sample t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsT1 and T2 values of PCa were significantly lower than SH (P = 0.015 and 0.002). The differences of T1 and T2 values between PCa and noncancerous PZ were also significant (P ≤ 0.006). The area under the curve (AUC) of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value was significantly higher than T1, T2, and proton density (PD) values in discriminating PCa from SH and noncancerous PZ (P ≤ 0.025). T2, PD, and ADC values demonstrated similar diagnostic performance in discriminating LG from HG PCa (AUC = 0.806 [0.640–0.918], 0.717 [0.542–0.854], and 0.817 [0.652–0.925], respectively; P ≥ 0.535).Data ConclusionRelaxation maps derived from synthetic MRI were helpful for discriminating PCa from other benign pathologies. But the overall diagnostic performance was inferior to the ADC values. T2, PD, and ADC values performed similarly in discriminating LG from HG PCa lesions.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:552–564.
Transmission dynamics and evolutionary history of 2019‐nCoV
Authors: Li Xingguang , Wang Wei , Zhao Xiaofang , Zai Junjie , Zhao Qiang , Li Yi , Chaillon Antoine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo investigate the time origin, genetic diversity, and transmission dynamics of the recent 2019‐nCoV outbreak in China and beyond, a total of 32 genomes of virus strains sampled from China, Thailand, and the USA with sampling dates between 24 December 2019 and 23 January 2020 were analyzed. Phylogenetic, transmission network, and likelihood‐mapping analyses of the genome sequences were performed. On the basis of the likelihood‐mapping analysis, the increasing tree‐like signals (from 0% to 8.2%, 18.2%, and 25.4%) over time may be indicative of increasing genetic diversity of 2019‐nCoV in human hosts. We identified three phylogenetic clusters using the Bayesian inference framework and three transmission clusters using transmission network analysis, with only one cluster identified by both methods using the above genome sequences of 2019‐nCoV strains. The estimated mean evolutionary rate for 2019‐nCoV ranged from 1.7926 × 10−3 to 1.8266 × 10−3 substitutions per site per year. On the basis of our study, undertaking epidemiological investigations and genomic data surveillance could positively impact public health in terms of guiding prevention efforts to reduce 2019‐nCOV transmission in real‐time.
Neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders‐related axonal degeneration in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Andica Christina , Kamagata Koji , Hatano Taku , Saito Yuya , Uchida Wataru , Ogawa Takashi , Takeshige‐Amano Haruka , Hagiwara Akifumi , Murata Syo , Oyama Genko , Shimo Yashushi , Umemura Atsushi , Akashi Toshiaki , Wada Akihiko , Kumamaru Kanako K. , Hori Masaaki , Hattori Nobutaka , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeurocognitive and psychiatric disorders have significant consequences for quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In the current study, we evaluated microstructural white matter (WM) alterations associated with neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders in PD using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and linked independent component analysis (LICA). The indices of NODDI were compared between 20 and 19 patients with PD with and without neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders, respectively, and 25 healthy controls using tract‐based spatial statistics and tract‐of‐interest analyses. LICA was applied to model inter‐subject variability across measures. A widespread reduction in axonal density (indexed by intracellular volume fraction [ICVF]) was demonstrated in PD patients with and without neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders, as compared with healthy controls. Compared with patients without neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders, patients with neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders exhibited more extensive (posterior predominant) decreases in axonal density. Using LICA, ICVF demonstrated the highest contribution (59% weight) to the main effects of diagnosis that reflected widespread decreases in axonal density. These findings suggest that axonal loss is a major factor underlying WM pathology related to neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders in PD, whereas patients with neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders had broader axonal pathology, as compared with those without. LICA suggested that the ICVF can be used as a useful biomarker of microstructural changes in the WM related to neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders in PD.
Successful cryoablation of ventricular extrasystoles originating from the vicinity of the left anterior fascicle
Authors: Kajiyama Takatsugu , Kondo Yusuke , Nakano Masahiro , Miyazawa Kazuo , Nakano Miyo , Hayashi Tomohiko , Ito Ryo , Takahira Haruhiro , Kobayashi Yoshio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA 32‐year‐old male received catheter ablation of frequent ventricular extrasystoles (VEs). His electrocardiogram showed monomorphic VEs with an inferior axis and early precordial transitional zone. During electrophysiological testing, a 10‐pole catheter positioned in the left ventricular outflow tract recorded sharp pre‐potentials just before the ventricular activation during VEs as well as sinus beats. Three‐dimensional mapping was performed by annotating the sharp pre‐potentials to reveal that the earliest activation site was deemed to be close to the left anterior fascicle. A cryoablation catheter was introduced into the left ventricle and freezing for 240 seconds successfully eliminated the clinical VEs without any complications.
Clinical outcomes associated with kidney function changes in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients: An ancillary analysis from the BOREALIS trial
Authors: Bai Ying , Shantsila Alena , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease represent a high‐risk group for thromboembolism and bleeding.AimsTo explore the relationship between kidney function changes and outcomes of stroke/systemic embolism (SE), major bleeding and all‐cause death in anticoagulated AF patients participating in the BOREALIS trial comparing efficacy and safety of once‐weekly s.c. idrabiotaparinux to that of warfarin.MethodsChanges in kidney function by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation in 2765 AF patients. Trial adjudicated outcomes were determined.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up of 394 days, in 94.4% of the included patients kidney function changed ranging from −30 mL/min to 30 mL/min. The incidence of stroke/SE and major bleeding was similar between patients with deteriorated (reduction in eGFR from baseline over follow‐up) and preserved kidney function change (increase or no change in eGFR from baseline over follow‐up) [stroke/SE: incidence rate (IR): 1.33%/year vs 1.80%/year; hazard ratio (HR) 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41‐1.32, P = .30; major bleeding: IR 1.63%/year vs 1.49%/year, HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.61‐1.97, P = .76]. On Cox regression analysis, patients with deteriorated kidney function were at higher risk for all‐cause death, compared to patients with preserved kidney function (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.02‐2.63, P = .04).ConclusionIn the BOREALIS trial, the risk of adjudicated stroke/SE, major bleedings, and all‐cause death was not related to mild‐moderate follow‐up changes in kidney function (±30 mL/min). The risk of all‐cause death was significantly increased in AF patients with abruptly deteriorating kidney function.
The Reflux Symptom Index and Symptom Overlap in Dysphonic Patients
Authors: Kavookjian Hannah , Irwin Thomas , Garnett James D. , Kraft Shannon 
Published: February 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) is a validated quality‐of‐life instrument that quantifies symptoms associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Many dysphonic patients are managed empirically for reflux. In this study, we examine responses to the RSI in patients with dysphonia attributable to a variety of pathologies.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThis is an institutional review board–approved study. All patients presented to a tertiary care voice center January 2011 to June 2016 with the chief complaint of dysphonia. Patients were analyzed by 1) diagnosis and 2) treatment modality: surgery, medicine, or voice therapy (VT). Data collected included pre‐ and postintervention RSI and Voice Handicap Index, demographic, and clinical information. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.ResultsFive hundred forty‐six dysphonic patients were included. One hundred forty required surgery, 155 were treated with VT alone, and 251 were medically managed (MM). Prior to therapy, 63.4% of surgery patients, 62.5% of VT patients, and 74.6% of MM patients had an abnormal RSI with a score greater than 13. The most common diagnosis for each group was vocal cord paresis/paralysis (surgery), vocal fold atrophy (VT), and LPR (MM). There was a statistically significant improvement in RSI after treatment for each group.ConclusionsIn patients with dysphonia, pretreatment RSI scores were elevated for a variety of laryngeal pathologies. Scores often improved with directed treatment, regardless of etiology. This highlights the symptom overlap between reflux and nonreflux causes of dysphonia, and the importance of a comprehensive workup for patients with voice complaints.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2631–2636, 2020
Ultrafast Frequency Shift of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Terahertz Metaphotonic Devices
Authors: Hu Yuze , Jiang Tian , Sun Hao , Tong Mingyu , You Jie , Zheng Xin , Xu Zhongjie , Cheng Xiangai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecently, the actively controlled meta‐atoms have been employed to manipulate terahertz (THz) waves allowing for the implementation of many functionalities operating. A salient example of such systems is the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) metaphotonic device, which opens up a new avenue for THz manipulations. However, these devices are currently limited to be tuned at a given frequency, which severely impedes their practical applications. Here, novel photo‐active THz meta‐atoms are proposed, whose EIT resonance is equipped with a frequency tuning functionality up to 36%. At different levels of optical pumping power, a substantial modulation of EIT resonance is realized at the fundamental and shifted frequency, respectively. Moreover, the ultrafast dynamics manifest the switching time scale of ≈1 ns. This configuration is easily extensible by other types of stimuli, which may contribute to the development of multifunctional active tuning meta‐photonic systems.
Development, implementation and evaluation of a bespoke, advanced practice musculoskeletal training programme within a clinical assessment and treatment service
Authors: Stevenson Kay , Bicker Greg , Cliffe Stephanie , Kemp John , Menon Ajit , Hall Emma , Ryan Sarah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMusculoskeletal disease is burdensome, costly and reported to be the 4th biggest reason for years lived with disability. Lower back and neck pain were the leading causes of disability in England from 1990 to 2016. Clinical Assessment and Treatment Services (CATs) have been established to provide expert assessment and management for this group of patients, with the aim of providing the majority of care within primary care, reducing referrals going through to secondary care. Such services require professionals with the appropriate skills and autonomy to fulfil this aim. This paper describes the development, implementation and evaluation of a bespoke Musculoskeletal Trainee programme within a large Clinical Assessment and Treatment Service. A 12‐month training schedule was designed to assist the transition of a Physiotherapist (Band 7) to Advanced Practitioner level (Band 8a). Trainees worked through a series of competencies, captured their experiences and collected evidence of achievement during the 12‐month period. Their experiences were explored using content analysis and common themes were identified. Three Physiotherapists were employed on the basis of undertaking this programme and successfully completed the programme. They highlighted the benefits of the programme being its bespoke nature and its flexibility to reflect their learning needs. Mentorship was a key component as they all identified that progressing to an autonomous role can be challenging. Learning new skills and working differently at a pace that suited them were seen as positives aspects. This programme describes the competencies and experiences of three individuals progressing to Advanced Practice Physiotherapists. This paper may assist those who manage and commission such services.
Multi‐contrast volumetric imaging with isotropic resolution for assessing infarct heterogeneity: Initial clinical experience
Authors: Zhang Li , Lai Peng , Roifman Idan , Pop Mihaela , Wright Graham A. 
Published: February 2020

Background. To evaluate accelerated multi‐contrast volumetric imaging with isotropic resolution reconstructed using low‐rank and spatially varying edge‐preserving constrained compressed sensing parallel imaging reconstruction (CP‐LASER), for assessing infarct heterogeneity on post‐infarction patients as a precursor to studies of utility for predicting ventricular arrhythmias.Methods. Eleven patients with prior myocardial infarction were included in the study. All subjects underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scans including conventional two‐dimensional late gadolinium enhancement (2D LGE) and three‐dimensional multi‐contrast late enhancement (3D MCLE) post‐contrast. The extent of the infarct core and peri‐infarct gray zone of a limited mid‐ventricular slab were derived respectively by analyzing MCLE images with an isotropic resolution of 2.2 mm and an anisotropic resolution of
mm
, and LGE images with a resolution of
mm
; the respective measures across all subjects were statistically compared.Results. Using 3D MCLE, the infarct core size measured with isotropic resolution was similar to that measured with anisotropic resolution, while the peri‐infarct gray zone size measured with isotropic resolution was smaller than that measured with anisotropic resolution (
, Cohen's
). Isotropic 3D MCLE yielded a significantly smaller measure of the peri‐infarct gray zone size than conventional 2D LGE (
, Cohen's
). Overall, we have successfully shown the utility of isotropic 3D MCLE in a pilot patient study. Our results suggest that smaller voxels lead to more accurate differentiation between isotropic 3D MCLE‐derived gray zone and core infarct because of diminished partial volume effect.Conclusion. The CP‐LASER accelerated 3D MCLE with isotropic resolution can be used in patients and yields excellent delineation of infarct and peri‐infarct gray zone characteristics.
Minimum shared‐power edge cut
Authors: Cabello Sergio , Jain Kshitij , Lubiw Anna , Mondal Debajyoti 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe introduce a problem called minimum shared‐power edge cut (MSPEC). The input to the problem is an undirected edge‐weighted graph with distinguished vertices s and t, and the goal is to find an s‐t cut by assigning “powers” at the vertices and removing an edge if the sum of the powers at its endpoints is at least its weight. The objective is to minimize the sum of the assigned powers. MSPEC is a graph generalization of a barrier coverage problem in a wireless sensor network: given a set of unit disks with centers in a rectangle, what is the minimum total amount by which we must shrink the disks to permit an intruder to cross the rectangle undetected, that is, without entering any disk. This is a more sophisticated measure of barrier coverage than the minimum number of disks whose removal breaks the barrier. We develop a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for MSPEC. We give polynomial time algorithms for the special cases where the edge weights are uniform, or the power values are restricted to a bounded set. Although MSPEC is related to network flow and matching problems, its computational complexity (in P or NP‐hard) remains open.