bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Simultaneous Analysis of Organic and Inorganic Gunshot Residues Within a Large Population Data Set Using Electrochemical Sensors*,†
Authors: Ott Colby E. , Dalzell Kourtney A. , Calderón‐Arce Pedro José , Alvarado‐Gámez Ana Lorena , Trejos Tatiana , Arroyo Luis E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe increasing demand for rapid methods to identify both inorganic and organic gunshot residues (IGSR and OGSR) makes electrochemical methods, an attractive screening tool to modernize current practice. Our research group has previously demonstrated that electrochemical screening of GSR samples delivers a simple, inexpensive, and sensitive analytical solution that is capable of detecting IGSR and OGSR in less than 10 min per sample. In this study, we expand our previous work by increasing the number of GSR markers and applying machine learning classifiers to the interpretation of a larger population data set. Utilizing bare screen‐printed carbon electrodes, the detection and resolution of seven markers (IGSR; lead, antimony, and copper, and OGSR; nitroglycerin, 2,4‐dinitrotoluene, diphenylamine, and ethyl centralite) was achieved with limits of detection (LODs) below 1 µg/mL. A large population data set was obtained from 395 authentic shooter samples and 350 background samples. Various statistical methods and machine learning algorithms, including critical thresholds (CT), naïve Bayes (NB), logistic regression (LR), and neural networks (NN), were utilized to calculate the performance and error rates. Neural networks proved to be the best predictor when assessing the dichotomous question of detection of GSR on the hands of shooter versus nonshooter groups. Accuracies for the studied population were 81.8 % (CT), 88.1% (NB), 94.7% (LR), and 95.4% (NN), respectively. The ability to detect both IGSR and OGSR simultaneously provides a selective testing platform for gunshot residues that can provide a powerful field‐testing technique and assist with decisions in case management.
Relationship between mustard pungency and allyl‐isothiocyanate content: A comparison of sensory and chemical evaluations
Authors: Eib Sabrina , Schneider Désirée Janet , Hensel Oliver , Seuß‐Baum Ingrid 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe correlation of sensory and chemically evaluated pungency of mustard products was investigated via a time‐intensity (TI) study and quantification of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) contents using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Sweet, medium hot, hot, and extra hot commercial mustard products from different brands were examined. Notably, we found significant differences (p < 0.05) between the maximum perceived pungency intensity of various mustard products. The maximum perceived intensity (Imax), the duration of the decreasing phase (DURDec), and the area under the curve (AUC) values increased proportionally to the increase in the sample AITC content and were also higher in products classified as hot than in sweet mustards. The AITC concentration varied greatly between products from different brands and also between different sensory evaluated pungency levels. Furthermore, sensory evaluations and analytical results were correlated using regression analysis. The best correlation (correlation coefficient 0.891) was observed between the AITC concentration andAUC, when compared to that between the AITC concentration andDURDec(correlation coefficient 0.856) or theImaxvalue (correlation coefficient 0.803). The calculated regression model indicates that a higher AITC content induces an intensified trigeminal pungency sensation and that the sensory and chemical evaluations of mustard products were positively correlated. Therefore, by using this regression model, the sensory rating of mustard products may be predicted by chemical analysis of the AITC contents.Practical ApplicationThis research paper provides a method to quantify the pungency inducing irritant allyl isothiocyanate in commercial mustard products and demonstrates a correlation between sensory and chemical data. Therefore, the amounts of sensory tests in product quality assurance can be reduced and replaced or at least supported by chemical quantification of pungent substances (especially AITC) in mustard products.
Association of Mps one binder kinase activator 1 (MOB1) expression with poor disease‐free survival in individuals with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ando Nobuhisa , Tanaka Kentaro , Otsubo Kohei , Toyokawa Gouji , Ikematsu Yuki , Ide Maako , Yoneshima Yasuto , Iwama Eiji , Inoue Hiroyuki , Ijichi Kayo , Tagawa Tetsuzo , Nakanishi Yoichi , Okamoto Isamu 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundMps one binder kinase activator 1 (MOB1) is a core component of the Hippo signaling pathway and has been implicated as a tumor suppressor. Here, we evaluated the possible relationship of MOB1 expression in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to prognosis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 205 lung adenocarcinoma patients treated at Kyushu University Hospital between November 2007 and October 2012. MOB1 expression in tumor cells of surgical specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Invasive activity of NSCLC cell lines in vitro was measured with a transwell assay.ResultsExpression of MOB1 was classified as high in 105 of the 205 (51.2%) tumor specimens, and such high expression was significantly associated with poor disease‐free survival (P = 0.0161). Among the various clinicopathologic parameters examined, high MOB1 expression was significantly associated only with intratumoral vascular invasion (P = 0.0005). Multivariate analysis also identified high MOB1 expression as a significant independent risk factor for disease‐free survival (P = 0.0319). The invasiveness of H1299 cells in vitro was increased or attenuated by overexpression or knockdown of MOB1, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that MOB1 might promote early recurrence of NSCLC by increasing vascular invasion by tumor cells.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyWe found that high MOB1 expression in surgical specimens of lung adenocarcinoma was associated with poor disease‐free survival and with intratumoral vascular invasion. MOB1 expression also promoted the invasiveness of NSCLC cells in vitro.What this study addsOur results thus suggest that high MOB1 expression is a risk factor for early postoperative recurrence in lung adenocarcinoma.
Identification of novel therapeutic targets for blocking acantholysis in pemphigus
Authors: Burmester Imke A.K. , Flaswinkel Sarah , Thies Clara‐Sophie , Kasprick Anika , Kamaguchi Mayumi , Bumiller‐Bini Valéria , Emtenani Shirin , Feldmann Nick , Kridin Khalaf , Schmidt Enno , van Beek Nina , Zillikens Detlef , Hammers Christoph M. , Hundt Jennifer E. , Ludwig Ralf J. 
Published: August 2020

Background and PurposePemphigus is caused by autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg) 1, Dsg3, and/or non‐Dsg antigens. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common manifestation of pemphigus, with painful erosions on mucous membranes. In most cases, blistering also occurs on the skin, leading to areas of extensive denudation. Despite improvements in pemphigus treatment, time to achieve remission is long, severe adverse events are frequent and 20% of patients do not respond adequately. Current clinical developments focus exclusively on modulating B cell function or autoantibody half‐life. However, topical modulation of PV autoantibody‐induced blistering is an attractive target because it could promptly relieve symptoms.Experimental ApproachTo address this issue, we performed an unbiased screening in a complex biological system using 141 low MW inhibitors from a chemical library. Specifically, we evaluated PV IgG‐induced Dsg3 internalization in HaCaT keratinocytes. Validation of the 20 identified compounds was performed using keratinocyte fragmentation assays, as well as a human skin organ culture (HSOC) model.key ResultsOverall, this approach led to the identification of four molecules involved in PV IgG‐induced skin pathology: MEK1, TrkA, PI3Kα, and VEGFR2.Conclusion and ImplicationsThis unbiased screening revealed novel mechanisms by which PV autoantibodies induce blistering in keratinocytes and identified new treatment targets for this severe and potentially life‐threatening skin disease.
Novel phenolic antimicrobials enhanced activity of iminodiacetate prodrugs against biofilm and planktonic bacteria
Authors: Walsh Danica J. , Livinghouse Tom , Durling Greg M. , Arnold Adrienne D. , Brasier Whitney , Berry Luke , Goeres Darla M. , Stewart Philip S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProdrugs are pharmacologically attenuated derivatives of drugs that undergo bioconversion into the active compound once reaching the targeted site, thereby maximizing their efficiency. This strategy has been implemented in pharmaceuticals to overcome obstacles related to absorption, distribution, and metabolism, as well as with intracellular dyes to ensure concentration within cells. In this study, we provide the first examples of a prodrug strategy that can be applied to simple phenolic antimicrobials to increase their potency against mature biofilms. The addition of (acetoxy)methyl iminodiacetate groups increases the otherwise modest potency of simple phenols. Biofilm‐forming bacteria exhibit a heightened tolerance toward antimicrobial agents, thereby accentuating the need for new antibiotics as well as those, which incorporate novel delivery strategies to enhance activity toward biofilms.
Communication tools used in childhood obesity discussions: A scoping review
Authors: MacTavish Katherine , Cistrone Alexandra , Kingsnorth Shauna , McPherson Amy C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric healthcare professionals (HCPs) play an essential role in the prevention and management of childhood obesity; however, many report considerable barriers to having weight‐related conversations, including a lack of confidence. One way to address this is to use communication tools, such as charts, pictures and handouts. This scoping review's objective was to identify the extent and nature of available tools in the published literature that aimed to support HCPs in having positive weight‐related conversations with children and families.MethodsCINAHL, Medline and PsycINFO were systematically searched from 2005 to 2019. Articles were selected based on (a) use of an identified communication tool; (b) tool designed for use with children between the ages of 2 and 18 and/or their parents; (c) tool designed to be used in weight‐related discussions; and (d) tool designed to be used by HCPs in a formal healthcare setting.ResultsOf the 3,596 articles yielded after deduplication, 13 unique communication tools were identified. Tools were grouped according to three themes: (a) help communicate child's weight status; (b) provide a communication framework for HCPs; and (c) actively engage children and/or parents in discussions. Many of the tools were recently developed and had not been evaluated in clinical practice. The clinical utility of each tool was evaluated.ConclusionThis study identified 13 communication tools HCPs could use when having weight‐related discussions. However, there was a lack of evaluation and clinical utility. Only one tool had high clinical utility, and not all tools would be recommended for use in practice.
Only Familiar Information is a “Curse”: Children’s Ability to Predict What Their Peers Know
Authors: Ghrear Siba , Fung Klint , Haddock Taeh , Birch Susan A.J. 
Published: August 2020

The ability to make inferences about what one’s peers know is critical for social interaction and communication. Three experiments (n = 309) examined the curse of knowledge, the tendency to be biased by one’s knowledge when reasoning about others’ knowledge, in children’s estimates of their peers’ knowledge. Four‐ to 7‐year‐olds were taught the answers to factual questions and estimated how many peers would know the answers. When children learned familiar answers, they showed a curse of knowledge in their peer estimates. But, when children learned unfamiliar answers to the same questions, they did not show a curse of knowledge. These data shed light on the mechanisms underlying perspective taking, supporting a fluency misattribution account of the curse of knowledge.
Let’s Cross the Next One: Parental Scaffolding of Prospective Control Over Movement
Authors: O’Neal Elizabeth E. , Zhou Shiwen , Jiang Yuanyuan , Kearney Joseph K. , Plumert Jodie M. 
Published: August 2020

This investigation examined parental scaffolding of children’s prospective control over decisions and actions during a joint perception‐action task. Parents and their 6‐, 8‐, 10‐, and 12‐year‐old children (N = 128) repeatedly crossed a virtual roadway together. Guidance and control shifted from the parent to the child with increases in child age. Parents more often chose the gap that was crossed and prospectively communicated the gap choice with younger than older children. Greater use of an anticipatory gap selection strategy by parents predicted more precise timing of entry into the gap by children. This work suggests that social interaction may serve as an important experiential mechanism for the development of prospective control over decisions and actions in the perception–action domain.
Clinical relevance of positive patch test reactions to lanolin: AROATstudy
Authors: Uldahl Ada , Engfeldt Malin , Svedman Cecilia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLanolin is often included when patch testing for common contact allergens. The clinical relevance of a positive patch test reaction to lanolin markers is, however, still a subject for debate.ObjectivesTo evaluate Amerchol L101 as a marker of lanolin allergy and investigate the clinical impact of lanolin‐containing moisturizers on healthy and damaged skin using the repeated open application test (ROAT).MethodsTwelve test subjects and 14 controls were patch tested with Amerchol L 101 and additional lanolin markers. Subsequently, a blinded ROAT was performed on the arms of the study participants for 4 weeks. Each participant applied a lanolin‐free cream base and two different lanolin‐containing test creams twice daily on one arm with intact skin and on the other arm with irritant dermatitis, induced by sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS).ResultsEleven test subjects (92%) had positive patch test reactions to Amerchol L 101 when retested and one test subject (8%) had a doubtful reaction. None of the study participants had any skin reactions to the ROAT on intact skin and all participants healed during the ROAT on damaged skin.ConclusionsLanolin‐containing emollients do not cause or worsen existing dermatitis when performing ROAT in volunteers patch test positive to Amerchol L101.
Developing a cosmetic series: Results from the ESSCA network, 2009‐2018
Authors: Horton Emma , Uter Wolfgang , Geier Johannes , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara , Bauer Andrea , Bircher Andreas , Dickel Heinrich , Giménez‐Arnau Ana , Gonçalo Margarida , John Swen Malte , Mahler Vera , Schuttelaar Marie L. A. , Simon Dagmar , Sanchez‐Perez Javier , Rustemeyer Thomas , Weisshaar Elke , Wilkinson Mark 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is considerable variability across European patch test centres as to which allergens are included in local and national cosmetics series.ObjectivesTo propose a standardized, evidence‐based cosmetic series for Europe based on up‐to‐date analysis of relevant contact allergens.MethodsWe collated data from the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA) from 2009 to 2018 to determine which cosmetic allergens produce a high yield of contact allergy. Contact allergens with a prevalence of >0.3% that were considered relevant were included. Rare contact allergens were excluded if deemed no longer relevant or added to a supplemental cosmetic series for further analysis.ResultsSensitization prevalences of 39 cosmetic contact allergens were tabulated. Thirty of these allergens yielded >0.3% positive reactions and are therefore included in our proposed European cosmetic series. Six were considered no longer relevant and therefore excluded. Three were included in a supplementary European cosmetic series. An additional nine allergens were included in either the core or supplemental European cosmetic series following literature review.ConclusionWe have derived a potential European cosmetic series based upon the above methods. This will require ongoing investigation based upon the changing exposure profiles of cosmetic allergens as well as new and evolving substances.
Conservation behavior and effects of economic and environmental message frames
Authors: Reddy Sheila M.W. , Wardropper Chloe , Weigel Collin , Masuda Yuta J. , Harden Seth , Ranjan Pranay , Getson Jackie M. , Esman Laura A. , Ferraro Paul , Prokopy Linda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEmphasizing the economic and environmental benefits of conservation is business‐as‐usual for environmental organizations seeking to influence conservation behavior, but these message frames are rarely tested. We embedded a large message framing experiment into the recruitment for a conservation agriculture program targeting farmland owners in the Mississippi River Basin. We found that framed messages do not increase enrollment in the agricultural program—the desired conservation behavior—compared to an informational message (control) and may decrease enrollment among farmland owners not already using conservation practices (i.e., cover crops).
Machine‐learning–based early prediction of end‐stage renal disease in patients with diabetic kidney disease using clinical trials data
Authors: Belur Nagaraj Sunil , Pena Michelle J. , Ju Wenjun , Heerspink Hiddo L. ,   The BEAt‐DKD Consortium
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo predict end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes by using machine‐learning models with multiple baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.Materials and methodsIn total, 11 789 patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy from three clinical trials, RENAAL (n = 1513), IDNT (n = 1715) and ALTITUDE (n = 8561), were used in this study. Eighteen baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were used as predictors to train machine‐learning models to predict ESRD (doubling of serum creatinine and/or ESRD). We used the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) to assess the prediction performance of models and compared this with traditional Cox proportional hazard regression and kidney failure risk equation models.ResultsThe feed forward neural network model predicted ESRD with an AUC of 0.82 (0.76‐0.87), 0.81 (0.75‐0.86) and 0.84 (0.79‐0.90) in the RENAAL, IDNT and ALTITUDE trials, respectively. The feed forward neural network model selected urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, serum albumin, uric acid and serum creatinine as important predictors and obtained a state‐of‐the‐art performance for predicting long‐term ESRD.ConclusionsDespite large inter‐patient variability, non‐linear machine‐learning models can be used to predict long‐term ESRD in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy using baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. The proposed method has the potential to create accurate and multiple outcome prediction automated models to identify high‐risk patients who could benefit from therapy in clinical practice.
A challenging case report of IgG4‐related systemic disease involving the heart and retroperitoneum with a literature review of similar heart lesions
Authors: Hajsadeghi Shokoufeh , Pakbaz Marziyeh , Hassanzadeh Morteza , Sadeghipour Alireza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe IgG4‐related disease is a distinct, steroid‐responsive fibro‐inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. This multiorgan disease is characterized by tumefactive lesions that contain rich infiltrations of IgG4‐positive plasma cells, with the pancreas, and the salivary and lacrimal glands being the main involved. The more common cardiovascular involvements include inflammatory peri‐aortitis, coronary arteritis, and pericarditis. Intra‐cardiac tumefactive lesions are rarely reported. Herein, we describe a challenging case of IgG4‐related disease with a long‐time lag between initiation of symptoms to proper diagnosis with biopsy‐proven cardiac and retroperitoneal and possible pituitary gland involvement. Concerning the rarity of the cardiac lesion in our case, we conducted a literature review of similar case reports.
Structural transformation in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia: Patterns, drivers and constraints
Authors: Ayed Mouelhi Rim Ben , Ghazali Monia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study analyses structural transformation in three Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries: Tunisia, Morocco and Egypt over a large time period (1960–2010). We examine labour productivity evolution and structural change contribution to productivity growth over different sub‐periods. We analyze the contribution of different economic sectors to aggregate structural change in the three countries. An econometric analysis is also performed to identify the main factors underlying the intensity and the pattern of structural change. Results suggest that the three countries initiated and achieved some progress in structural transformation over the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s. However, this process has stagnated at low‐income levels and has remained unfinished. Deindustrialization occurred at an early stage of development in the three countries, in contrast to that noticed in developed and emergent countries. The results of the econometric analysis suggest a significant and positive association between investment and structural change as capital accumulation increases the future productive capacity and triggers reallocative efficiency. The human capital quality and availability has a positive and significant impact on structural change. Trade openness is also expected to boost structural transformations. However, labour market rigidity hampers structural transformation.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of behavioural sex differences in executive control
Authors: Gaillard Alexandra , Fehring Daniel J. , Rossell Susan L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLiterature investigating whether an individuals' sex affects their executive control abilities and performance on cognitive tasks in a normative population has been contradictory and inconclusive. Using meta‐analytic procedures (abiding by PRISMA guidelines), this study attempts to identify the magnitude of behavioural sex differences in three prominent executive control domains of cognitive set‐shifting, performance monitoring, and response inhibition. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched. Across 46 included studies, a total of 1988 females and 1884 males were included in the analysis. Overall, males and females did not differ on performance in any of the three domains of performance monitoring, response inhibition, or cognitive set‐shifting. Task‐specific sex differences were observed in the domains of performance monitoring, in the CANTAB Spatial Working Memory task—males scored statistically higher than females (Hedges'g = −0.60), and response inhibition, in the Delay Discounting task—females scored statistically higher than males (Hedges'g = 0.64). While the meta‐analysis did not detect overall behavioural sex differences in executive control, significant heterogeneity and task‐specific sex differences were found. To further understand sex differences within these specific tasks and domains, future research must better control for age and sex hormone levels.