bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einfluss der Abkühlrate auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von additiv gefertigten Zugproben aus 316L
Authors: Diller Johannes , Auer Ulrich , Radlbeck Christina , Mensinger Martin , Krafft Frank 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDas pulverbettbasierte Laserstrahlschmelzen (LPBF) ist ein additiver Fertigungsprozess, mit dem steifigkeitsoptimierte Bauteile gewichtsreduziert gefertigt werden können. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften sind vergleichbar mit denen von gegossenen Bauteilen, im Idealfall sogar mit geschmiedeten. In der Luft‐ und Raumfahrtbranche sowie im Automotive‐Bereich und Medizinsektor wird die additive Fertigung bereits eingesetzt. Für sicherheitsrelevante Bauteile wird jedoch die additive Fertigung bisher nur selten verwendet. Dies ist auf die unzuverlässige Reproduzierbarkeit der mechanischen Eigenschaften zurückzuführen. Großer Forschungsbedarf besteht bspw. bei der Verknüpfung von LPBF‐Produktionsparametern mit zuverlässigen Produktionsparametern. In diesem Bericht wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Abkühlraten im LPBF‐Prozess und den resultierenden mechanischen Eigenschaften von 316L (1.4404) untersucht. Zu diesem Zweck wurden unterschiedliche Probengeometrien additiv gefertigt und die jeweiligen Abkühlraten in situ mittels Thermografie erfasst. Anschließend wurden Zugversuche und metallografische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Je nach Geometrie der Zugproben konnten verschiedene Abkühlraten nachgewiesen werden, die schlussendlich zu unterschiedlichen Zugfestigkeiten führten.
Three mild cases of coronavirus disease 2019 treated with saikatsugekito, a Japanese herbal medicine
Authors: Irie Yasuhito , Nakae Hajime , Fukui Shin 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTCasesWe report cases of three patients infected with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) treated only with Kampo medicine and discharged from the hospital without symptom exacerbation.Case 1A 41‐year‐old healthy female suffering from headache, sore throat, and fever. Case 2: A 16‐year‐old healthy female sufferking from nasal congestion and taste disorder. Case 3: A 12‐year‐old healthy male suffering from nasal congestion and taste disorder.OutcomeThe three patients were prescribed saikatsugekito. Cases 1 and 3 initially presented with white and yellow tongue coating, which disappeared several days after the prescription of saikatsugekito. All three patients were discharged from the hospital without symptom exacerbation.ConclusionWe believe that treatment with Kampo medicine, which is relatively safe clinically and has few side effects, should be taken at an early stage of COVID‐19 along with coping therapy. And we think that saikatsugekito may contribute to prevent the worsening of COVID‐19.
Zoo animals as “proxy species” for threatened sister taxa: Defining a novel form of species surrogacy
Authors: Kerr Kevin C. R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe vast number of species threatened with extinction, coupled with the limited resources to support them, results in the need to prioritize species for conservation action. Similarly, zoo collection managers must prioritize species for inclusion at their institutions, which are also limited by space and resources. While conservation status is one factor considered by zoos, weight is also given to qualitative features and practical considerations when evaluating the fit of different species. Resultantly, the species prioritized by zoos have limited overlap with those prioritized for conservation. Several recent studies have highlighted that the majority of species maintained in zoos are ranked globally as least concern. Given the centrality of conservation to the modern mission of zoos, there is value in identifying clear connections between non‐threatened species in zoos and the roles they can play in conservation. Surrogate species approaches have been used in many instances to facilitate indirect conservation, and several distinctive types of surrogacy have been formally described. The aim of this study is to define a novel form of species surrogacy (i.e., “proxy species”) that draws utility from non‐threatened species maintained in zoos. A proxy species is here defined as a non‐threatened species managed ex situ that can be used as a flagship for a related threatened species that is morphologically similar but not otherwise represented in zoos. The benefits of this approach and opportunities for its application are here reviewed. This concept will provide opportunities to enhance the value of pre‐existing zoo collections, and ultimately, support conservation objectives.
Increasing browse and social complexity can improve zoo elephant welfare
Authors: Lasky Monica , Campbell Jennifer , Osborne Jason A. , Ivory Erin L. , Lasky Jacob , Kendall Corinne J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile recent work has assessed how environmental and managerial changes influence elephant welfare across multiple zoos, few studies have addressed the effects of management changes within a single institution. In this paper, we examine how management changes related to social structure and diet affect the behavior of a group of zoo elephants over a 23‐month period while also considering underlying factors, such as time of day, hormonal cycle, and individual differences. We recorded individual behaviors using 2‐min scan samples during 60‐min sessions. We analyzed behavioral changes across several study variables using generalized linear mixed models. We found that increasing browse can improve opportunities for foraging throughout the day but may not be sufficient to reduce repetitive behaviors. We observed that increasing group size and integration of bulls with cows can lead to increased social interaction in African elephants. Our results highlight the importance of using multiple management alterations to address elephant welfare, and considering environmental factors, when making management decisions.
TAB1 regulates glycolysis and activation of macrophages in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zeng Hanxu , Qi Xiangming , Xu Xingxin , Wu Yonggui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective and design
Macrophages exhibit strong phenotypic plasticity and can mediate renal inflammation by polarizing into an M1 phenotype. They play a pivotal role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here, we have investigated the regulatory role of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1-binding protein 1 (TAB1) in glycolysis and activation of macrophages during DN.

Methods
TAB1 was inhibited using siRNA in high glucose (HG)-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and lentiviral vector-mediated TAB1 knockdown was used in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Western blotting, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, ELISA, PAS staining and immunohistochemical staining were used for assessment of TAB1/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), iNOS, glycolysis, inflammation and the clinical and pathological manifestations of diabetic nephropathy.

Results
We found that TAB1/NF-κB/HIF-1α, iNOS and glycolysis were up-regulated in BMMs under HG conditions, leading to release of further inflammatory factors, Downregulation of TAB1 could inhibit glycolysis/polarization of macrophages and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, albuminuria, the tubulointerstitial damage index and glomerular mesangial expansion index of STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy mice were decreased by TAB1 knockdown.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the TAB1/NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling pathway regulates glycolysis and activation of macrophages in DN.
Hämatoonkologie und Intensivmedizin
Authors: Wohlfarth P. , Schellongowski P. ,   Arbeitsgruppe für Hämato-Onkologische Intensivmedizin der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Internistische Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin (ÖGIAIN); Initiative „Intensive Care in Hematologic and Oncologic Patients“ (iCHOP)
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIntensivmediziner werden im Kontext der Versorgung von kritisch kranken Krebspatienten vor eine zunehmende Bandbreite spezifischer Herausforderungen gestellt. Neben einer adäquaten Therapiezielfindung umfasst diese die Versorgung des akuten respiratorischen Versagens (ARV) mit speziellen differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegungen, das Management immunologischer Nebenwirkungen innovativer Krebstherapien sowie eine Vielzahl an Krankheitsbildern, die ausschließlich bei Krebspatienten auftreten. Um diesen Herausforderungen gerecht werden zu können, widmet sich die Initiative „Intensive Care in Hematologic and Oncologic Patients (iCHOP)“ seit einigen Jahren diesen Themen. Unterstützt durch mehrere österreichische und deutsche Fachgesellschaften für Intensivmedizin, Hämatologie und Onkologie wurde kürzlich der „1. Konsens zur Versorgung kritisch kranker Krebspatienten“ mit Empfehlungen zum klinischen Management sowie infrastrukturellen und ausbildungsassoziierten Themen verfasst. Das Auftreten eines ARV steht bei kritisch kranken Krebspatienten seit jeher im Fokus der Forschung. Während die nichtinvasive Beatmung lange als Goldstandard der Therapie galt, zeigen hochqualitative Studien jedoch keine relevanten klinischen Vorteile dieser Techniken inklusive der High-flow-nasal-oxygen-Therapie im Vergleich zur konventionellen Sauerstofftherapie. Hingegen rückt eine nichtgeklärte Ätiologie des ARV als einziger potenziell modifizierbarer Risikofaktor in den Fokus. Dementsprechend sind evidenzbasierte und rigoros angewendete Diagnosealgorithmen bei diesen Patienten von eminenter Bedeutung. Des Weiteren stellen das Erkennen und das Management der immer häufiger vorkommenden vielgestaltigen immuntherapieassoziierten Toxizität Intensivmediziner vor zunehmende Herausforderungen.
Effect of antenna snow intrusion on vertical GPS position time series in Antarctica
Authors: Koulali A. , Clarke P. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVertical surface displacements from continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) stations often show strong seasonal signals, which in some cases may be associated with surface mass loading, including hydrological, and non-tidal oceanic and atmospheric loading. In Antarctica, many GPS stations show vertical motions in phase with seasonal snow accumulation changes, but these variations cannot be fully explained with snow load variations between seasons. Instead we show, for many sites in Antarctica, that a significant component of the annual cycle in vertical GPS coordinates time series may be related to snow/ice inside antennas causing as an artefact apparent seasonal variation, with amplitudes of up to 4 mm. We present a method based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm to remove this artefact signal. The corrected GPS time series show an improvement in the agreement with displacements predicted by elastic modelling using GRACE-derived surface mass loads.
Integriertes Versorgungsmanagement für chronisch erkrankte ältere Menschen in der eigenen Häuslichkeit: Evidenz aus Cochrane-Reviews
Authors: Göhner Anne , Bitzer Eva Maria , Dreher Elena , Farin-Glattacker Erik , Heimbach Bernhard , Kohler Katharina , Maun Andy , Metzner Gloria , Voigt-Radloff Sebastian 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Anzahl multipel chronisch erkrankter Älterer steigt, und Multimorbidität geht mit hoher Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen einher. Um Selbstständigkeit und Verbleib in der Häuslichkeit zu erhalten, wird zunehmend ein integriertes Versorgungsmanagement eingesetzt. Zur Wirksamkeit in der Zielgruppe der multipel chronisch erkrankten Älteren liegen aber kaum belastbare Daten vor.

Ziel der Arbeit
Bewertung der Wirksamkeit von integriertem Versorgungsmanagement bei Erwachsenen und Abschätzung der Übertragbarkeit auf ältere, multimorbide Personen in Deutschland.

Methoden
Systematische Literaturrecherche in der Cochrane Library mit Einschluss von Cochrane-Reviews (CR) zu (a) den 13 häufigsten Gesundheitsproblemen im Alter, mit (b) Komponenten des integrierten Versorgungsmanagements bei (c) Erwachsenen jeden Alters. Experten schätzten die Übertragbarkeit der eingeschlossenen CR auf multipel chronisch erkrankte Ältere in Deutschland ein.

Ergebnisse
Aus 1412 Treffern wurden 126 CR eingeschlossen. Zur Endpunktkategorie Selbstständigkeit und funktionale Gesundheit zeigten 25 CR klinisch relevante Ergebnisse mit moderater Evidenzqualität. Folgende Interventionskomponenten wurden – unter Berücksichtigung identifizierter Barrieren – als übertragbar eingeschätzt und könnten für ein effektives, indikationsspezifisch integriertes Versorgungsmanagement multipel chronisch erkrankter Älterer herangezogen werden: (1) körperliche Aktivierung, (2) multidisziplinäre Interventionen, (3) das Selbstmanagement verstärkende Interventionen, (4) kognitive Therapieverfahren, (5) telemedizinische Interventionen und (6) Disease-Management-Programme.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die identifizierten Komponenten sollten in versorgungs- und patientennahen randomisierten kontrollierten Studien auf Wirksamkeit bei gebrechlichen Älteren geprüft werden.
Biomechanical comparison of screw osteosyntheses and anatomical plating for coronoid shear fractures of the ulna
Authors: Rausch Valentin , Jettkant Birger , Lotzien Sebastian , Rosteius Thomas , Mempel Eileen , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Seybold Dominik , Geßmann Jan , Königshausen Matthias 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Among the few techniques described for the treatment of coronoid fractures, osteosynthesis techniques include screw osteosynthesis from anterior to posterior (AP) or from posterior to anterior (PA) and plate osteosynthesis. The aim of this study was to test the biomechanical stability of screw osteosynthesis and plate osteosynthesis using anatomical plates in coronoid process fractures.

Materials and methods
On a total of 25 biomechanical synthetical ulnae, a coronoid shear fracture including 70% of the coronoid height was simulated. Osteosynthesis was then performed using two 2.7 mm screws from anterior, posterior and with use of three different anatomical plates of the coronoid process. For the biomechanical testing, axial load was applied to the fragment with 1000 cycles from 5 to 250 N, load to failure and load at 100 µm displacement. Displacements were measured using a point-based three-dimensional motion analysis system.

Results
Osteosynthesis using the PA-screw showed significant more displacement during cyclic loading compared with all other osteosyntheses (0.99 mm), whereas AP-screw showed the smallest displacement (0.10 mm) during cyclic loading. The PA-screw technique showed a significant lower load to failure compared to all other osteosynthesis with the highest load in AP-screw osteosynthesis. The load for 100 µm displacement was the smallest in PA-screw with a significant difference to the AP-screw and one plate osteosynthesis.

Conclusion
Osteosynthesis of large coronoid shear fractures with two small-fragment screws from anterior allows stable fixation that is not inferior to anterior plate osteosynthesis and might be an alternative in specific fracture types. Posterior screw fixation was found as the weakest fixation method.

Level of evidence
Basic science study
The dehydration- and ABA-inducible germin-like protein CpGLP1 from Craterostigma plantagineum has SOD activity and may contribute to cell wall integrity during desiccation
Authors: Giarola Valentino , Chen Peilei , Dulitz Sarah Jane , König Maurice , Manduzio Stefano , Bartels Dorothea 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Main conclusion
CpGLP1 belongs to the large group of germin-like proteins and comprises a cell wall-localized protein which has superoxide dismutase activity and may contribute towards ROS metabolism and cell wall folding during desiccation.

Abstract
The plant cell wall is a dynamic matrix and its plasticity is essential for cell growth and processing of environmental signals to cope with stresses. A few so-called resurrection plants like Craterostigma plantagineum survive desiccation by implementing protection mechanisms. In C. plantagineum, the cell wall shrinks and folds upon desiccation to avoid mechanical and oxidative damage which contributes to cell integrity. Despite the high toxic potential, ROS are important molecules for cell wall remodeling processes as they participate in enzymatic reactions and act as signaling molecules. Here we analyzed the C. plantagineum germin-like protein 1 (CpGLP1) to understand its contribution to cell wall folding and desiccation tolerance. The analysis of the CpGLP1 sequence showed that this protein does not fit into the current GLP classification and forms a new group within the Linderniaceae. CpGLP1 transcripts accumulate in leaves in response to dehydration and ABA, and mannitol treatments transiently induce CpGLP1 transcript accumulation supporting the participation of CpGLP1 in desiccation-related processes. CpGLP1 protein from cell wall protein extracts followed transcript accumulation and protein preparations from bacteria overexpressing CpGLP1 showed SOD activity. In agreement with cell wall localization, CpGLP1 interacts with pectins which have not been reported for GLP proteins. Our data support a role for CpGLP1 in the ROS metabolism related to the control of cell wall plasticity during desiccation in C. plantagineum.
Helminth diversity in Pimelodus blochii Valenciennes, 1840 (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae) in two Amazon Rivers
Authors: Cavalcante Pedro Hercílio de Oliveira , da Silva Maralina Torres , Pereira Aldenice de Nazaré Silva , Gentile Rosana , Santos Cláudia Portes 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStructure of the helminth community and analyses of helminth population parameters ofPimelodus blochiicollected in the Xapuri River in comparison with those in the Acre River were evaluated. Eight adult helminth species were found parasitizingP. blochiiin the Acre River: the nematodesOrientatractis moraveci,Rondonia rondoni,Philometroides acreanensis,Cucullanus(Cucculanus)pinai pinai,Procamallanus(Spirocamallanus)pimelodus,Rhadochona acuminata, andBrasilnemasp., and the trematodeDadaytrema oxycephala.For Xapuri’s fishes, nine helminth species were found: the nematodesO. moraveci,R. rondoni,C.(C.)pinai pinai,Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) rarus,P.(S.)pimelodus,R. acuminata,Brasilnemasp., and Cystidicolidae gen. sp., and the trematodeD. oxycephala.Nematode and Acanthocephala larvae were also reported. Helminth abundance, prevalence, and diversity were influenced by seasonality and locality (river). The helminth parasites from Acre’s fishes formed a subset of the helminth community of the Xapuri’s. The results indicate an influence of the environmental characteristics of the rivers on the helminth community structure and diversity. This is the first study of the parasite community ofP. blochiiin the Xapuri River. The paretheses of (Spirocamallanus) and (S.) should not be in italics all along the text and tables.
Risk of chemotherapy-related amenorrhoea (CRA) in premenopausal women undergoing chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer
Authors: Turnbull Arran K. , Patel Samir , Martinez-Perez Carlos , Rigg Anne , Oikonomidou Olga 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
While chemotherapy has improved survival among younger women with breast cancer, it can induce temporary or permanent chemotherapy-related amenorrhoea (CRA), impacting survival benefit, quality of life and, importantly for younger patients, fertility.

Methods
This single institution retrospective study of 107 premenopausal women with early stage breast cancer who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant combined chemotherapy treatment investigates the association of clinicopathological factors (including age-related, gynaecological and tumour-related variables) with CRA and resumption of menses using generalised linear models for univariable and multivariate analyses.

Results
76% of women developed CRA, of which only 40% resumed menses after treatment. Age at time of treatment and at menarche were significantly associated with CRA incidence, with higher rates linked to older age (≥ 40 years) and later menarche (at ≥ 13 years), in both univariable (P = 0.043 and P = 0.009, respectively) and multivariate (P = 0.010 and P = 0.012, respectively) analyses. Age at time of treatment, age at menarche and use of tamoxifen were significantly associated with resumption of menses (with greater resumption rates linked to younger age (< 40 years old), later menarche (≥ 13 years old) or no tamoxifen use status), in both univariable (P < 0.0001, P = 0.002 and P = 0.039, respectively) and multivariate (P = 0.001, P = 0.011 and P = 0.008, respectively) analyses. Menses resumption rates were also significantly higher (P = 0.015) in women with later cessation of menses (after 3–6 chemotherapy cycles rather than sooner).

Conclusions
Age at menarche and, specially, at time of treatment are important risk factors for CRA. These variables could aid decision-making for treatment selection and fertility preservation among premenopausal women with early breast cancer.
Quantitative perfusion-CMR is significantly influenced by the placement of the arterial input function
Authors: Mia Ibnul , Le Melanie , Arendt Christophe , Brand Diana , Bremekamp Sina , D’Angelo Tommaso , Puntmann Valentina O. , Nagel Eike 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to provide a systematic assessment of the influence of the position on the arterial input function (AIF) for perfusion quantification. In 39 patients with a wide range of left ventricular function the AIF was determined using a diluted contrast bolus of a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in three left ventricular levels (basal, mid, apex) as well as aortic sinus (AoS). Time to peak signal intensities, baseline corrected peak signal intensity and upslopes were determined and compared to those obtained in the AoS. The error induced by sampling the AIF in a position different to the AoS was determined by Fermi deconvolution. The time to peak signal intensity was strongly correlated (r2 > 0.9) for all positions with a systematic earlier arrival in the basal (− 2153 ± 818 ms), the mid (− 1429 ± 928 ms) and the apical slice (− 450 ± 739 ms) relative to the AoS (all p < 0.001). Peak signal intensity as well as upslopes were strongly correlated (r2 > 0.9 for both) for all positions with a systematic overestimation in all positions relative to the AoS (all p < 0.001 and all p < 0.05). Differences between the positions were more pronounced for patients with reduced ejection fraction. The error of averaged MBF quantification was 8%, 13% and 27% for the base, mid and apex. The location of the AIF significantly influences core parameters for perfusion quantification with a systematic and ejection fraction dependent error. Full quantification should be based on obtaining the AIF as close as possible to the myocardium to minimize these errors.
Religion and Faith Perception in a Pandemic of COVID-19
Authors: Kowalczyk Oliwia , Roszkowski Krzysztof , Montane Xavier , Pawliszak Wojciech , Tylkowski Bartosz , Bajek Anna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted religion and faith in different ways. Numerous restrictions have been implemented worldwide. Believers are in conflict with authorities’ warnings that gatherings must be limited to combat the spread of the virus. Religion has always played a role of the balm for the soul, and the regular religious participation is associated with better emotional health outcomes. In our study, we examined whether the exposure to COVID-19 enhances the faith. The instrument used was a survey verifying the power of spirituality in the face of the coronavirus pandemic.