bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation of electric conditions between a source of Ar plasma jet and a substrate with a configuration of a plasma sheet on a target
Authors: Akishev Yu S , Balakirev A A , Karalnik V B , Petryakov A V , Trushkin N I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the experimental results relevant to the external electrical influence on the structure of a thin plasma sheet formed atop a substrate surface by Ar plasma jet that is being generated by a coaxial sinusoidal barrier discharge (BD) in an argon flow. The electrical influence on the target is being created due to connecting of a high-voltage or grounded electrode of the BD to the metal plate on which the dielectric or metallic substrate to be treated is located. Such an approach ensures a synchronism of the interaction of the external auxiliary electric field with the own electric field of the ionization wave (plasma bullet) propagating along the argon plasma jet toward the substrate during each period of the BD alternating voltage. An image of the structure of the plasma sheet on the substrate surface averaged over many periods of sinusoidal voltage was recorded in the experiments.
Surface quality provision of laser welding using plasma cleaning
Authors: Rakhimov R R , Saubanov R R , Zvezdin V V , Hisamutdinov R M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The features of laser welding technology with the help of hard-nose powders on the cutting edge of the mill with plasma cleaning of the mill surface are described here. It is shown that the quality of weld deposition technological process depends on the processing modes, the energy characteristics of the laser technological system (LTS), as well as on the purity of the router bit.
Application of atmospheric pressure discharges with a liquid cathode for determination of alkaline-earth metal ions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Sirotkin N A , Titov V A , Ignat’yev O I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The concentrations alkaline-earth metal ions in water solutions were determined by the method of emission actinometry of atmospheric pressure discharge plasma with a liquid cathode. The rubidium atoms were the actinometer component in plasma, whose cations with a known concentration were added to the analyzed solution. The solutions of magnesium, calcium, barium with concentrations of 10−6-10−4 gl−1 were analyzed. It is established that the addition of electrolytes in the solution influence on the emission intensity of the metal atom lines. However, the use of the ratio of the intensities of the radiation of the analyzed components and the component-actinometer can improve the accuracy of the analysis. The water hardness factor of the tap water was determined using this method.
About the mechanism of electric discharge between the electrolyte flow and the metallic anode
Authors: Tazmeev G K , Timerkaev B A , Tazmeev K K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An electrical discharge between a flowing electrolyte and a metal electrode was experimentally investigated in modes in which an intense transfer of a liquid electrolyte substance into the plasma column occurs. The cathode area of the discharge was investigated by the method of high-speed visualisation. A mathematical model for describing the processes of transfer of matter and charges from a liquid electrolyte cathode into a plasma was proposed.
The chemical composition of the surface of the sand molds based on magnesium oxide used in titanium castings
Authors: Khatmullina A I , Lyakhovich A M , Kashapov N F , Lomaeva S F , Mistahov R I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The XPS method has been used to study the chemical composition of the surface of sand forms based on magnesium oxide. The original and modified forms were investigated. Modification of the form was carried out by plasma deposition of a titanium coating on the inner surface. The surface of the initial form consists of the initial oxides and intermetallic compounds based on the elements of the form. In the surface layers of the modified form, TiO2 is the main titanium-containing compound, silicon titanates and intermetallic compounds based on the elements of the form and titanium are present.
Climate and health benefits of increasing renewable energy deployment in the United States*
Authors: Buonocore Jonathan J , Hughes Ethan J , Michanowicz Drew R , Heo Jinhyok , Allen Joseph G , Williams Augusta 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The type, size, and location of renewable energy (RE) deployment dramatically affects benefits to climate and health. Here, we develop a ten-region model to assess the magnitude of health and climate benefits across the US We then use this model to assess the benefits of deploying varying capacities of wind, utility-scale solar photovoltaics (PV), and rooftop solar PV in different regions in the US—a total of 284 different scenarios. Total benefits ranged from $2.2 trillion for 3000 MW of wind in the Upper Midwest to $4.2 million for 100 MW of wind in California. Total benefits and highest cost effectiveness for CO2 reduction were generally highest for RE deployment in the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic US and lowest in California. Health was a substantial portion of total benefits in nearly all regions of the US Benefits were sensitive to methane leakage throughout the gas supply chain.
Limiting global warming to 1.5 °C will lower increases in inequalities of four hazard indicators of climate change
Authors: Shiogama Hideo , Hasegawa Tomoko , Fujimori Shinichiro , Murakami Daisuke , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Tanaka Katsumasa , Emori Seita , Kubota Izumi , Abe Manabu , Imada Yukiko , Watanabe Masahiro , Mitchell Daniel , Schaller Nathalie , Sillmann Jana , Fischer Erich M , Scinocca John F , Bethke Ingo , Lierhammer Ludwig , Takakura Jun’ya , Trautmann Tim , Döll Petra , Ostberg Sebastian , Müller Schmied Hannes , Saeed Fahad , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Clarifying characteristics of hazards and risks of climate change at 2 °C and 1.5 °C global warming is important for understanding the implications of the Paris Agreement. We perform and analyze large ensembles of 2 °C and 1.5 °C warming simulations. In the 2 °C runs, we find substantial increases in extreme hot days, heavy rainfalls, high streamflow and labor capacity reduction related to heat stress. For example, about half of the world’s population is projected to experience a present day 1-in-10 year hot day event every other year at 2 °C warming. The regions with relatively large increases of these four hazard indicators coincide with countries characterized by small CO2 emissions, low-income and high vulnerability. Limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, compared to 2 °C, is projected to lower increases in the four hazard indicators especially in those regions.
Maize yield and nitrate loss prediction with machine learning algorithms
Authors: Shahhosseini Mohsen , Martinez-Feria Rafael A , Hu Guiping , Archontoulis Sotirios V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pre-growing season prediction of crop production outcomes such as grain yields and nitrogen (N) losses can provide insights to farmers and agronomists to make decisions. Simulation crop models can assist in scenario planning, but their use is limited because of data requirements and long runtimes. Thus, there is a need for more computationally expedient approaches to scale up predictions. We evaluated the potential of four machine learning (ML) algorithms (LASSO Regression, Ridge Regression, random forests, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and their ensembles) as meta-models for a cropping systems simulator (APSIM) to inform future decision support tool development. We asked: (1) How well do ML meta-models predict maize yield and N losses using pre-season information? (2) How many data are needed to train ML algorithms to achieve acceptable predictions? (3) Which input data variables are most important for accurate prediction? And (4) do ensembles of ML meta-models improve prediction? The simulated dataset included more than three million data including genotype, environment and management scenarios. XGBoost was the most accurate ML model in predicting yields with a relative mean square error (RRMSE) of 13.5%, and Random forests most accurately predicted N loss at planting time, with a RRMSE of 54%. ML meta-models reasonably reproduced simulated maize yields using the information available at planting, but not N loss. They also differed in their sensitivities to the size of the training dataset. Across all ML models, yield prediction error decreased by 10%–40% as the training dataset increased from 0.5 to 1.8 million data points, whereas N loss prediction error showed no consistent pattern. ML models also differed in their sensitivities to input variables (weather, soil properties, management, initial conditions), thus depending on the data availability researchers may use a different ML model. Modest prediction improvements resulted from ML ensembles. These results can help accelerate progress in coupling simulation models and ML toward developing dynamic decision support tools for pre-season management.
Research on Analysis and Application of Power System Stabilizer for Safe Operation of Large Nuclear Power Units
Authors: Chao Huang , Weilong Chen , Weigang Feng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As more and more large-scale nuclear power units (NPU) are put into operation, power system stabilizers (PSS) are important control means for units and power grids, which play an important role in the safe operation of NPU. In this paper, by analyzing the mechanism of accelerating PSS and the power regulation characteristics of NPU, the paper proposes a type selection of PSS for NPU. By analyzing the key technical requirements of the frequency link of the accelerating PSS, it proposes some test verification measures. Combined with the nuclear power plant reactor technical specification requirements, it studies the influence of the PSS on the nuclear island during the tuning test, and then proposes the technical conditions for the PSS setting test in NPU. In view of the large-scale use of semi-speed generators in NPU, it analyzes the effects between the torsional vibration frequency and PSS of semi-speed generators, and proposes new parameter settings and logic designs for PSS to solve similar problems.
An Improved Droop Control Method for Energy Storage Module of DC Microgrid
Authors: Lin J W , Wang Z X , Bao L X , Qin H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes an improved droop control method with state of charge (SOC) balance function for energy storage module of DC microgrid. The average SOC of all energy storage modules is obtained by low bandwidth network. The SOC balance controller calculates the difference between each module’s SOC and average SOC and then adjust the droop coefficients according to the difference. As the coefficient changes, the output power of module is allocated according to its SOC and eventually achieve balance. Besides, secondary voltage controller is employed to compensate DC bus voltage drop. Also, the stability of the proposed method is studied by small-signal analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed method is finally verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation.
Study on doubly closed loop control strategy and simulation analyzing of pmsg wind turbine with back to back converter
Authors: Gong CY , Zou JL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The generation technology of wind turbine connected to grid is a hot research in renewable energy application field. Based on doubly closed loop control strategy for the converter, the paper designed the mathematical model and research the attributes of PMSG wind power generation system, adopted double-loop control strategy for generator and grid converter, which is the corresponding main basis to build the entire simulation modelling step by step with Simulink, to control the active and reactive power effectively. Moreover, current dynamic response is fast apparently and the system has capacity to recover from a disturbance. The feasibility and performance of this model had been verified by the Matlab/Simulink, showen the strength and robustness of PMSG system from a disturbance circumstance.
Fine Dust Removing by Using Li+ Batteries and High - performance Supercapacitor Parallel Connection
Authors: Bak Jin-Soo , Kim Hee-Je 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the most serious problem in the world, Fine dust issue is going to happen in whole world. ‘Fine dust’ is defined under these standard, if its diameter particle is less than 10um, it is called as ‘fine dust’, 2um, it is cal led as ‘super fine dust’. Actually, ‘Fine dust’ is assigned as 1st level hazardous substances by WHO (World Health Organization). In this paper, I suggested new way to solve this kinds of problem by using Li+ batteries and high-performance supercapacitor. A lot of kinds energy source such as fossil fuel, one of the reason of environment problem can be changed to eco-friendly energy such as solar power. We can solve two factors o(cause / result) of fine dust by using eco-friendly energy source.
Study of the short-circuit currents in branches of distribution networks with trilateral power supply
Authors: Matsankov M I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article presents the determination of the short-circuit currents in distribution networks with trilaterally power supplied branches – form a supplying substation and two decentralized energy sources. After connecting decentralized energy sources, branches with bilateral and trilateral power supply appear. This changes the network configuration and, respectively, its mode parameters, and also requires adjustments to the settings of the relay protection.
Study of a two-spring electromagnetic harvester
Authors: Georgiev N P , Raichev R P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper studies an electromagnetic harvester, consisting of a Π-shaped plate with 4 magnets, placed on two springs, rigidly fixed at their low end. A coil lies between the magnets. Modeling by means of ANSYS has been done and the horizontal deviation of the mechanical system has been obtained. The magnetic field of the electromagnetic harvester has been modeled by Femm and its electromotive force has been defined. Experimental studies have been conducted for validating the developed model.
Methodology for assessment of material fatigue in the area of welded joints of railway bogies by calculation
Authors: Slavchev S , Maznichki V , Stoilov V , Enev S , Purgich S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The current work presents the problem of assessment of the material fatigue in the welding area of the rail bogie frame type Y25LS-K. During the assessment process of the bogie frame dynamic strength, it was found that the results from the theoretical assessment differ from the experimental ones. An analysis of the reasons for these differences was made. A few approaches for the theoretical assessment are presented in order to match the conditions for application of the prescribed loads in calculations as close as possible to the test conditions. Proposed methodology allows the commissioning of bogies into service only based on a theoretical assessment of material fatigue in the welding areas of the bogie frames. The methodology is verified in real theoretical and experimental studies of the certified design of bogie Y25LS-K, produced by Transvagon AD, Burgas. The methodology can be used by researchers, performing a stress-strain analysis of the bogie frame as well as by the notified bodies responsible for the admission of those products into service.
CFD based design of a ventilated space
Authors: Mijorski S G , Markov D G , Pichurov G T , Stankov P , Ivanov N G , Simova I S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper presents Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based design of a densely populated classroom with mechanical ventilation. The aim is by means of numerical simulations to define the proper locations of four four-way ceiling fancoils in order to provide controlled conditions of the thermal environment in the classroom under summer conditions. CFD simulations are completed by Fluent 6.3 software package. Cooling loads through the enclosing surfaces of the room and the material properties of the modeled elements are evaluated by established and approved methods in the field of HVAC engineering.
Study of the influence of both a modifier P and a nanomodifier ND on the structure of a hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy AlSi18
Authors: Panov Iv , Dochev B , Manolov V , Velikov A , Diakova V , Kuzmanov P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The process of hardening a hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy AlSi18 in unmodified, modified and nano-modified state has been studied. Two types of modifiers have been used - a standard modifier P, introduced into the melt by means of the ligature CuP 0,4wt.%, and a nanomodifier (nanodiamonds - ND) 0,1wt.%. The influence of the various types of modifiers on the process of crystallization, as well as on the size of the primary Si crystals in the structure of the alloy and their distribution in it has also been discussed.
Shock-wave structures of prospective combined ramjet engine
Authors: Chernyshov M V , Murzina K E , Matveev S A , Yakovlev V V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A concept of the air jet engine of mixed type, which combines the operating principles of detonation engine and traditional ramjet, is proposed. A part of inflow that has the smallest losses of the stagnation pressure at forming shocks in the inlet is burned in the combustion chamber of that device. Another part of the inflow, that has the smaller stagnation pressure, has the significantly higher temperature at the same time. Due to this fact, it can be effectively used as in the detonation engine.
The control model of safety management systems
Authors: Burlov V G. , Lepeshkin O M , Lepeshkin M O , Gomazov F A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article presents a control model of security management systems from destructive software and hardware effects. Considered descriptive and analytical control model of security, presents the structural and logical scheme of a control model of security management systems from destructive software and hardware effects, carrying out the search and elimination of conflicts, associated with the logical inconsistency of the structure of the control system, and conflicts associated with ongoing processes, i.e. with the fulfillment of the tasks of the regulations, operating in the system. It is proposed to realization the model, using the language of radical schemes, based on the stand for providing integrated developments. The model integrates with mathematical means of searching, predicting and eliminating conflicting schemes in the system.
Implementation of certified intelligent building in Taiwan
Authors: Hsiao Jung Shu , Chen Julie Chia-Ping , Lucky Shin-Jyun Tsaih 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Government of Taiwan since 2002 has been promoting certified and pre-certified intelligent buildings. It was introduced to meet occupant’s safety, comfort, convenience, and efficiency concerns with powerful automation and integrating systems in building. Energy saving, ease to maintained and management are the by-product of it. Based on total numbers of intelligent building permit issued and its total floor area, the certified and pre-certified intelligent building seems to be growing fast. However, the proportion between government owned and private sector projects are unbalanced. How to encourage private sector to participate and implement the certification of intelligent building is the aim of this study. To find out the possible factors that contributed the deferring of implementation on intelligent building from private sectors, experts in building construction industry include developers, architects, MEP integrators, real estate agents, and property managers have been invited to share the concerns. Delphi method was first used to develop the possible and consensus factors from the experts. Analytic hierarchy process was then used to rank the important key factors based on experts’ responses. The results could be utilized as basis for government agencies to formulate relevant policies and incentives on promoting certified and pre-certified intelligent building in private sectors.
Preferred criteria in winning budget hotel interior design projects in China
Authors: Huang H T , Chen C P , Tsaih S J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the competitive Chinese market, to win an interior budget hotel design project, a sound proposal with attractive and preferred criteria is a must. In order to propose and win interior budget hotel design projects, it is necessary to understand client’s perspectives. Through literature reviews and interviews with practitioners and architecture professors; twenty criteria from value creation, economic advantage and tender quality aspects were derived. Three groups of a total 30 budget hotel operating and management personnel have participated the survey. Kano’s two-dimensional model along with Yang’s refined Kano model and Importance and Satisfaction model have been applied to come up with the ranking of the preferred criteria to be included in a design proposal. One-way ANOVA with Schefe’s post hoc test were used to see the insight of budget hotel CEOs’ views on the twenty criteria. The results show that construction phase scheduling & control, construction cost control, systemized corporate identification, design phase scheduling & control, customer segment identification, easy to maintain design, easy to operate design, cultural heritage connection, room storytelling, and amenity storytelling are the top ten preferred design criteria for an interior designer to win budget hotel projects in China.
Marks rating system – an approach in condition assessment and prioritization of sewer rehabilitation – a case study
Authors: Hewayde Esam 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Marks rating system is a simple system that can be used to evaluate the condition of sewer pipes and to determine the prioritization for rehabilitation purposes of sewer pipes and sewer infrastructures. The system provides a consistent approach for assessing the impact of pipe failure, coding defects and assigning priorities for rehabilitation of sewer pipes. Each sewer segment is separately evaluated based on several considerations such as inspection results, impact rating factors, frequency of defects, and engineering and administrative factors. The marks of defects were assigned in such a way that the worst condition has the highest mark. The factors considered by applying marks system were identified from questionnaires that were prepared and distributed by the author to technicians, engineers, heads of departments and managers of municipalities of several cities in Iraq. The case study includes seventeen concrete sewer pipes in the municipality of Al Diwaniyah city – Iraq. CCTV inspection was carried out to determine the marks of the structural and performance defects. Results of marking rating system applied on the seventeen sewer pipes showed that MP#12 has the worst condition with highest marks of 38. Sewer pipes MP#1 and MP#7 have the best condition with lowest marks of 18. The prioritization of rehabilitation should have descending ordered from the highest to lowest mark.