bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Dissolution Characteristics of Meloxicam by Complexation with Cyclodextrins
Authors: Nandi Saurav , Debnath Subal , S Y Manjunath , V Malla Reddy , Babre Nilesh P , Rao M. Gopal 
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present study was an attempt to prepare tablets containing inclusion complexes of meloxicam with β-cyclodextrins and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to improve the aqueous solubility of the drug, thus enhances its dissolution rate to show a faster onset of action. Complexation with cyclodextrins has been used as novel approach for designing drug delivery system because of ability for the non-covalent inclusion complexes formation and it has the ability to molecular encapsulate meloxicam into their hydrophobic cavity without the formation of any covalent bonds. Meloxicam complexation with cyclodextrin enhance the drug solubility and dissolution rate. Also cyclodextrins enhance the bioavailability of insoluble drugs by increasing the drug solubility, dissolution and permeability. The carriers used in this study are β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Solid complexes of meloxicam with β-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin were prepared by two different methods namely, Kneading and Co-evaporation techniques. For kneading method, water-methanol-dichloromethane at 2 : 5 : 3 ratio was used as a solvent blend and for co-evaporation techniques, methanol-dichloromethane was used as solvent blend at 2 : 3 ratio. In each case different proportions of drug and carriers at 90 : 10, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, 10 : 90 were used in the preparation of solid complexes to evaluate the effect of carrier concentrations on the dissolution characteristics. A total of 20 meloxicam solid complexes with different carriers were prepared, found to be fine and free flowing powders. The estimated drug content of the prepared complexes were in the range of 100 ± 5%. The dissolution parameters of T50 and dissolution rate indicated rapid dissolution of meloxicam from the solid complexes when compared with the pure drug and physical mixture. Meloxicam-β-CD (10 : 90) complex gave the highest dissolution rate.
The In-vitro Phytochemicals Investigation on Five Medicinal Plants in Anyigba and its Environs, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman M.N 
Published: August 2020

(Short Communication)
The In-vitro Phytochemicals Investigation on Five Medicinal Plants in
Anyigba and its Environs, Kogi State, Nigeria
M.N. Suleiman
Kogi State University, Anyigba.
Evaluation of “In-Use” Stability Period of Lacidipine Tablets in Multi-dose Plastic Container-Closure
Authors: Mukharya Amit , Patel Paresh U , Chaudhary Shivang 
Published: August 2020

Lacidipine (LCDP) is chemically a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative and pharmacologically a “calcium channel blocker” used as an anti-hypertensive agent. Lacidipine is most sensitive to light and moisture, which is in line with the well-known sensitivity of the dihydropyridine class of compounds. In general, moisture protection can be obtained by packaging into moisture impermeable material, while light protection can be obtained by covering tablets with an opaque film coating. But, when film-coated tablets are packed in High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) multi-dose plastic containers and closures, repeated opening and closing may pose a risk to their contents with regard to microbiological contamination and physicochemical degradation once the closure system has been breached. The continued integrity of the product in multi-dose containers after the first opening is an important quality issue. Thus, the main objective of the present in-use stability study was to establish a period of time during which a multi-dose Lacidipine tablet product can be used whilst retaining quality within an accepted specification once the container is opened. The extent of drug product testing was established by assessing whether or not there was acceptable change, mainly in terms of impurities generated by different factors and microbial loads mainly in terms of bacteria/yeast/mould occurrence over the in-use stability or at the end of the in-use stability study period. Our results from drug assay, dissolution and impurity profile studies assessed as per the regulatory specifications suggest that the lacidipine product should be used within 4 weeks after opening of the container. The container should be closed tightly after each use to limit drug product degradation.
Recent Advances in Pharmacotherapy of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Pareek Ajay Kumar , Garg S K , P Saini , Pitliya P , Choudhary S L , Puri D , Bhambu S 
Published: August 2020

Ulcerative colitis is a form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that produces inflammation and ulcers along the inside of the colon, which can interfere with the normal function of the colon. The disease typically starts to manifest in patients as young adults. Ulcerative colitis is an intermittent disease with periods of exacerbated symptoms, or flares, and periods that are relatively symptom-free. According to the Cohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America, several millions people suffer from ulcerative colitis worldwide. Current therapeutic approaches for ulcerative colitis are partially successful despites advances in GIT research. A significant proportion of patients with ulcerative colitis undergo colectomy. Nearly 50% patients do not achieve sustained remission, leading to impairment of physical and mental health, social life, employment issues and sexual activity. Budesonide is an oral, extended release synthetic corticosteroid that is recently approved for UC. Enteric-coated budesonide formulations resist gastric-acid degradation, delivering active drug to the small intestine and proximal colon. Budesonide is specifically indicated for the induction of remission in patients with active, mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. Budesonide has a high first-pass metabolism with minimal systemic absorption. This review describes recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of ulcerative colitis and outlines why future studies targeting sustained suppression of inflammation could have an enormous impact on the natural course of the disease. Ulcerative colitis needs intense therapy and it should be maintained until sustained remission and mucosal healing has been reached.
Surface Modified Nanoparticulate Carriers for the Targeted Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: Mishra Neeraj , Singh Tejinder , Nidhi  , Hallan Supandeep Singh , Kaur Veerpal 
Published: August 2020

Breast cancer left overs one of the greatest common metastasis disease in females. Advanced diagnostic devices and better understanding of tumour biology can extend the better therapeutic outcomes. Nanotechnology is a tool that helps in cancer diagnosis and treatment therapy. Many nanocarriers such as solid lipid nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nanogels, nano-lipid nanocarriers, biodegradable nanoparticles, liposomes, and dendrimers are introduced to improve the therapeutic efficacy of antineoplastic agents. Surface modified target drug delivery system has the potential to increase the therapeutic effects and also reduce the cytotoxicity of breast cancer. Different approaches have been explored for treatment of breast cancer. This review describes the recent advances in the development of nanocarriers used for the targeted treatment of breast cancer. It also focuses on etiology, risk factor and conventional therapy of breast cancer.
KEYWORDS: Breast Cancer; Nano-carriers; Tumor Targeting; Ligands; Receptor.
Preparation and In Vivo Characterization of Niosomal Carriers of the Antidiabetic Drug Repaglinide
Authors: Namdev Shrishti , Gujar Kishore , Mandlik Satish , Jamkar Preeti 
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study is to prepare and characterise repaglinide niosomes using the Factorial Design strategy.Repaglinide is a potent second-generation oral hypoglycemic agent and has short half-life of 1 hour and oral bioavailability of 50%. Preparing Niosomal drugdelivery of repaglinide may increase its bioavailability which would lead to better therapeutic effects, reduce the frequency of dosing from twice a day to once a day and decrease side effects. The preliminary study was carried out for selection of surfactant and method of preparation based on least particle size and highest entrapment efficiency. For niosome preparation, organic solvent injection method was selected and span 60, cholesterol were selected as variable. A32 factorial design was used to optimize the effect of amounts of span 60(X1) and cholesterol (X2) which were the independent variables. Particle size (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2) were the dependent variables. Relation between the dependent and independent variables were drawn out from the mathematical equations and response surface plots.Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA which was found to be significant and quadratic equation was obtained by MLRA. The particle size was found to be in range of 144-497 nm and entrapment efficiency between 54-88%. Scanning electron microscopy indicated the spherical shape of the niosomes and formation of vesicle. Zeta potential analysis showed negatively charged surface with value of-36.7 mV. In vitro drug release profile showed that drug released fast initially followed by a slow release. In vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed that the niosomal preparation showed significant decrease in blood glucose level when compared to free repaglinide. The developed niosomal system also has potential of maintaining therapeutic level of RPG for longer period of time.Thus,the niosomes could be promising carriers for delivery ofrepaglinide with increased
Simple RP-UFLC Method for Analysis of Asenapine Maleate
Authors: Panda Sagar Suman , B V V Ravi Kumar , Dash Rabisankar , Patro Chandra Sekhar 
Published: August 2020

A stability-indicating reversed phase ultra-fast liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine asenapine maleate (ASN) in pharmaceutical dosage form. A two level factorial design was adopted to improve intermediate precision considering analysts, instruments and number of days as the variables. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Enable-C18G (250× 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) column using acetonitrile: 0.01M TBAHS (40:60 v/v) as mobile phase at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and with PDA detection at 229 nm. Calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.0-200 μg/ml. Values of accuracy were within the acceptance limit with mean percent recoveries between 101.2-101.5%. The percent RSD values were within the acceptance limit for repeatability and intermediate precision. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 0.25 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. Besides, applicability of analytical method showed high specificity for ASN and its degradation products formed during forced degradation studies. The developed UFLC method was found to be specific, selective, accurate, precise and robust for determination of ASN in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
GROUND of COMPOSITION AND TAKTIKO-TEKHNICHNIKH DESCRIPTIONS of PERSPECTIVE MOBILE OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC COMPLEX of TRAJECTORY MEASURINGS
Authors: Lyashenko V. , Zozulia V. , Yula O. , Mazur V. , Strelbitskyi V. 
Published: August 2020

For some time past the careful attention of researches requires the issues of analyzing qualities of test objects and compliance actually received tactical and technical characteristics with specified operational requirements, it is necessary to get the parameters of high-precision trajectory measurements that will enable comparison (deviation) of the real trajectory from the reference trajectory (pattern trajectory); evaluate the operating benefit of the test objects; identify the causes of nonconformities of tactical and technical characteristics to requirements, which can be detected. Today for measuring the trajectory parameters of the test objects using equipment, which operates on different physical principles. It refers also to the electro-optics equipment, in which implemented process of target tracking for the purpose of obtaining on a real time basis initial information, further processing which will allow to calculate highly precise trajectory parameters of test objects.
Therefore, the purpose of the article was a justification for composition and tactical and technical characteristics of prospective mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements.
On the basis of the modern analysis of the objects of ground tests, their main characteristics, as well as the tactical and technical characteristics of modern mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements of domestic and foreign production and taking into account the “General requirements for mobile optoelectronic station of externally - trajectory measurements” from 01 October 2017, the project of composition and the tactical and technical characteristics prospective mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements was justified.
Research design - the theory of probability, system analysis and synthesis of organizational-technical systems, theory efficiency and optimization, simulation of complex technical systems.
The main results, obtained in the work:
- composition and the tactical and technical characteristics prospective mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements were justified;
- general requirements to the mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements were developed;
The practical importance lies in the possibility of creating mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements of domestic production to conduct testing of new and modernized specimens of weapons and military equipment.
The study is novel in that it: general requirements to the mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements were developed; the project of terms of reference for the creation of a mobile optoelectronic complex of trajectory measurements of domestic production was worked out to provide testing of specimens of weapons and military equipment.
METHOD OF DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A MISSILE’S BLAST-FRAGMENTATION WARHEAD BY USE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHOD AND EXPERIMENT
Authors: Moskalets S. , Zhyrnyi V. , Rudyk A. , Artikula A. 
Published: August 2020

Armaments are characterized by groups of technical and operational characteristics, each of which is divided into separate indicators. These include effectiveness, ranges of use; combat capability, reliability, operational safety. Under the effectiveness of the missile’s warhead it shall be understood the amount of damage that can cause an explosion in combat environment.
The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the blast-fragmentation warhead by modeling and analyzing the damaging of injurious effects.
Primary blast-fragmentation warhead effects are a shock wave, which is characterized by a specific air pressure on its front and a specific impulse, as well as fragments that move at high speed.
Determining the effectiveness of target neutralization by the fragmentation effect of the warhead is described by a set of positions of the j units, each of which is characterized by the fractional volume, the angle of inclination, the type of losses.
Due to the independent impact on the target of several effects, their whole impact can be estimated by the total probability of individual injurious effects.
The effectiveness of warhead is assessed by the probability of hitting the target. It is most rational to achieve the goal by reducing the distance to the explosion while increasing accuracy. This is a global development trend.
Other ways are either to increase its explosive power or structurally - the number of fragments.
It is necessary to indicate experimental data on the number of holes per unit area for a given distance and characteristics of the warhead of the missile.
Assessing the probability of the debris impact requires clarification of the characteristics of the warhead, the characteristics of the vulnerable spots of the target and the angle of the missile approach.
It is advisable to make the trajectory of the missile approach guided, taking into account the modularity of the configuration. This reduces ammunition consumption and increases the efficiency of the warhead.
TECHNICAL APPROACH IN EVALUATING OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTI-CORE BALANCED NONQUADDED CABLES FOR DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Rudenko O. , Domanov I. , Kravchenko V. 
Published: August 2020

The article proposes a variant of the technical approach in evaluating of the characteristics of multi-core balanced nonquadded cables for digital communication systems.
The list of modern standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission, and also the National standards of Ukraine and the international standards which are created on their basis is presented. The proposed standards define the general requirements for communication cables, offer verifying methods for the design, structural dimensions, and materials of elements, marking and packaging. In addition, the provisions of these standards define the methods of testing the electrical characteristics, survivability and resistance of the cable to climatic and mechanical factors.
A list of proposed cable characteristics, i.e. electrical, survivability and resistance to environmental influences, is sufficient to assess the cable for compliance with the stated requirements. The list of considered characteristics is not exhaustive and can be supplemented or changed depending on requirements of the customer.
On the example of using the automatic measuring system AESA 9500 made in Sweden to measure electrical characteristics, the possibilities of optimizing the process of evaluating the characteristics of the cable through the use of modern automatically controlled measuring systems, which will significantly reduce the time and cost of evaluation are considered.
The approach presented in the article to the evaluation of the characteristics of multi-core balanced nonquadded cables for digital communication systems can be used during the testing of the cable planned for delivery to the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
Caso fortuito ou de força maior
Authors: Peteffi da Silva Rafael 
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho visa analisar os principais delineamentos dogmáticos do caso fortuito ou de força maior. Assim, em um primeiro capítulo o artigo analisará algumas características básicas do instituto, como a necessariedade e a inevitabilidade dos efeitos, expressamente previstos na legislação brasileira. A exterioridade, cuja importância é ressaltada em hipóteses de responsabilidade civil objetiva e na distinção da categoria do fortuito interno, completará a análise dos requisitos de aplicação. Em um segundo capítulo, será realizado o estudo dos limites do caso fortuito ou de força maior em relação a outros institutos, como a concausalidade, o estado de necessidade e a teoria das impossibilidades contratuais.
The Effectiveness of Teachers’ Corrective Feedback in Enhancing Students’ Ability to Recount Text Writing
Authors: Wahidiyati Irra 
Published: August 2020

Most junior high school students get some difficulties in recount text writing. The purpose of this research is to explain the kind of corrective feedback that is more effective for high achievers’, for low achievers, and for mixed groups of high and low achievers in enhancing their ability in recount text writing and explain the interaction between corrective feedback, students’ prior achievement, and ability in recount text writing. The samples are eighth-graders of SMP Agus Salim. The experiment group receives direct corrective feedback while the control group receives indirect corrective feedback. And from both groups, the researcher divides again into two groups of high and low achievers. Finally, direct feedback is more effective for mixed groups of high and low achievers. The sum of means score of the experimental group is 63.75. While the total means score of the control group is 63.50. The mean score of the high achievers that received direct corrective feedback is 62.00, while the low achievers were 65.5. And from the control group, the high achiever group mean is 66.00 while the low achiever group means is 61.00. So direct corrective feedback is better used for low achievers.
Nonlinear Turbulent Dynamo during Gravitational Collapse
Authors: Xu Siyao , Lazarian Alex 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Via amplification by turbulent dynamo, magnetic fields can be potentially important for the formation of the first stars. To examine the dynamo behavior during the gravitational collapse of primordial gas, we extend the theory of the nonlinear turbulent dynamo to include the effect of gravitational compression. The relative importance between dynamo and compression varies during contraction, with the transition from dynamo- to compression-dominated amplification of magnetic fields with the increase of density. In the nonlinear stage of magnetic field amplification with the scale-by-scale energy equipartition between turbulence and magnetic fields, reconnection diffusion of magnetic fields in ideal magnetohydrodynamic turbulence becomes important. It causes the violation of the flux-freezing condition and accounts for (a) the small growth rate of the nonlinear dynamo, (b) the weak dependence of magnetic energy on density during contraction, (c) the saturated magnetic energy, and (d) the large correlation length of magnetic fields. The resulting magnetic field structure and the scaling of magnetic field strength with density are radically different from the expectations of flux freezing.
Effects of Solar Activity on Taylor Scale and Correlation Scale in Solar Wind Magnetic Fluctuations
Authors: Zhou G. , He H.-Q. , Wan W. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The correlation scale and the Taylor scale are evaluated for interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations from two-point, single time correlation function using the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), Wind, and Cluster spacecraft data during the time period from 2001 to 2017, which covers over an entire solar cycle. The correlation scale and the Taylor scale are respectively compared with the sunspot number to investigate the effects of solar activity on the structure of the plasma turbulence. Our studies show that the Taylor scale increases with the increasing sunspot number, which indicates that the Taylor scale is positively correlated with the energy cascade rate, and the correlation coefficient between the sunspot number and the Taylor scale is 0.92. However, these results are not consistent with the traditional knowledge in hydrodynamic dissipation theories. One possible explanation is that in the solar wind, the fluid approximation fails at the spatial scales near the dissipation ranges. Therefore, the traditional hydrodynamic turbulence theory is incomplete for describing the physical nature of the solar wind turbulence, especially at the spatial scales near the kinetic dissipation scales.
Electron Energization and Energy Dissipation in Microscale Electromagnetic Environments
Authors: Liu J. , Yao S. T. , Shi Q. Q. , Wang X. G. , Zong Q. G. , Feng Y. Y. , Liu H. , Guo R. L. , Yao Z. H. , Rae I. J. , Degeling A. W. , Tian A. M. , Russell C. T. , Zhang Y. T. , Wang Y. X. , Woodham L. D. , Pu Z. Y. , Xiao C. J. , Fu S. Y. , Giles B. L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Particle energization and energy dissipation in electromagnetic environments are longstanding topics of intensive research in space, laboratory, and astrophysical plasmas. One challenge is to understand these conversion processes at smaller and smaller spatial/temporal scales. In this Letter, with very high cadence measurements of particle distributions from the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, we report evidence of evolution of an identified microscale (i.e., electron gyro-scale) magnetic cavity structure and reveal within it a unique energization process that does not adhere to prevailing adiabatic invariance theory. Our finding indicates that this process is largely energy dependent, and can accelerate/decelerate charged particles inside the trapping region during their gyromotion, clearly altering the particle distribution.