bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio‐biodiversity supply chain: Sustainable practices of a Brazilian cosmetic company
Authors: Cassol Maurício , Sellitto Miguel Afonso 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze and describe sustainable practices based on biodiversity assets adopted by one of the largest global cosmetics company, located in Brazil. The company occupies the 19th position of the Global Ranking 100 Sustainability. The research method is bibliographic research that employed open, non‐classified documents publicized by the company. The main findings of the study underscore the relevance of the rural communities in developing a supply chain based on biodiversity as well as the importance of the relationships among the tiers to implement a sustainable business model. The company relies on high‐quality products associated with environmental development. Currently, biodiversity suppliers account for 80% circa of natural raw materials, the so‐called biodiversity asset, which represents the core of the sustainable business model of the company. The findings can be generalized by helping other supply chains to develop and implement sustainable business models supported by biodiversity. Such type of a model can help companies achieve expressive business performance and, at the same time, social relevance to peripheral or vulnerable rural communities.
Effects of supplementing hen diet withLavandula angustifoliaand/orMentha spicataessential oils on production performance, egg quality and blood variables of laying hens
Authors: Torki Mehran , Mohebbifar Ahmad , Mohammadi Hamed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundOrganic products of animals are getting more accepted by consumers. Using herbal additives may lead to more health animal products. In this research it is hypothesized thatLavandula angustifoliaand/orMentha spicataessential oils would be helpful to enhance production performance in laying hens.ObjectivesThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects ofLavandula angustifoliaandMentha spicataessential oils on performance, egg traits and blood variables in laying hens.Methods144 Lohmann LSL‐Lite laying hens from 42 until 56 weeks of age were used in a completely randomized design in four treatments and six replicates (six birds per replicate). The treatments consisted of: (a) control group (basal diet), (b) basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg diet lavender essential oil (LEO), (c) basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg diet mint essential oil (MEO), and (d) basal diet supplemented with both LEO and MEO.ResultsUsing LEO and/or MEO did not affect body weight changes, feed intake, egg weight, egg index, yolk index, Haugh unit, egg shell weight and egg shell thickness. Feeding LEO, individually or in combination with MEO, did not affect FCR compared with the control group (p < .05), however, feeding MEO individually increased feed conversation ratio (FCR) compared to LEO and the control group during 42–56 weeks (p < .05), as well as decreasing egg mass compared to LEO (p < .05). Feeding LEO increased egg production compared to MEO and combination of MEO and LEO (p < .05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, dietary supplemental MEO (250 mg/kg) may increase FCR, and LEO (250 mg/kg) is more effective than MEO (250 mg/kg) for egg production and egg mass purposes; besides MEO (250 mg/kg) negatively affected FCR compared with the control group. In addition, no specific beneficial effect of dietary supplemental MEO and/or LEO on the other measured variables was detected.
Gravitational production of vector dark matter
Authors: Ahmed Aqeel , Grzadkowski Bohdan , Socha Anna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA model of vector dark matter that communicates with the Standard Model only through gravitational interactions has been investigated. It has been shown in detail how does the canonical quantization of the vector field in varying FLRW geometry implies a tachyonic enhancement of some of its momentum modes. Approximate solutions of the mode equation have been found and verified against exact numerical ones. De Sitter geometry has been assumed during inflation while after inflation a non-standard cosmological era of reheating with a generic equation of state has been adopted which is followed by the radiation-dominated universe. It has been shown that the spectrum of dark vectors produced gravitationally is centered around a characteristic comoving momentumk⋆that is determined in terms of the mass of the vectormX, the Hubble parameter during in- flationHI, the equation of state parameterwand the efficiency of reheatingγ. Regions in the parameter space consistent with the observed dark matter relic abundance have been determined, justifying the gravitational production as a viable mechanism for vector dark matter. The results obtained in this paper are applicable within various possible models of inflation/reheating with non-standard cosmology parametrized effectively by the corresponding equation of state and efficiency of reheating.
Holographic scattering requires a connected entanglement wedge
Authors: May Alex , Penington Geoff , Sorce Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In AdS/CFT, there can exist local 2-to-2 bulk scattering processes even when local scattering is not possible on the boundary; these have previously been studied in con- nection with boundary correlation functions. We show that boundary regions associated with these scattering configurations must have O(1/GN) mutual information, and hence a connected entanglement wedge. One of us previously argued for this statement from the boundary theory using operational tools in quantum information theory. We improve that argument to make it robust to small errors and provide a proof in the bulk using focusing arguments in general relativity. We also provide a direct link to entanglement wedge reconstruction by showing that the bulk scattering region must lie inside the con- nected entanglement wedge. Our construction implies the existence of nonlocal quantum computation protocols that are exponentially more efficient than the optimal protocols currently known.
Nonperturbative effects on radiative energy loss of heavy quarks
Authors: Liu Shuai Y.F. , Rapp Ralf 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The radiative energy loss of fast partons traveling through the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is commonly studied within perturbative QCD (pQCD). Nonperturbative (NP) effects, which are expected to become important near the critical temperature, have been much less investigated. Here, we utilize a recently developed T -matrix approach to incorporate NP effects for gluon emission off heavy quarks propagating through the QGP. We set up four cases that contain, starting from a Born diagram calculation with color- Coulomb interaction, an increasing level of NP components, by subsequently including (remnants of ) confining interactions, resummation in the heavy-light scattering amplitude, and off-shell spectral functions for both heavy and light partons. For each case we compute the power spectra of the emitted gluons, heavy-quark transport coefficients (drag and transverse-momentum broadening, $$ \hat{q} $$

q
̂

), and the path-length dependent energy loss within a “QGP brick” at fixed temperature. Investigating the differences in these quantities between the four cases illustrates how NP mechanisms affect gluon radiation processes. While the baseline perturbative processes experience a strong suppression of soft radiation due to thermal masses of the emitted gluons, confining interactions, ladder resummations and broad spectral functions (re-)generate a large enhancement toward low momenta and low temperatures. For example, for a 10 GeV charm quark at 200 MeV temperature, they enhance the transport coefficients by up to a factor of 10, while the results smoothly converge to perturbative results at sufficiently hard scales.
Flavor-changing decay h → τ μ at super hadron colliders
Authors: Arroyo-Ureña M.A. , Valencia-Pérez T.A. , Gaitán R. , de Oca Y J.H. Montes , Fernández-Téllez A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study the flavor-changing decay h → τ μ with τ = τ− +τ+ and μ = μ− +μ+ of a Higgs boson at future hadron colliders, namely: a) High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, b) High Energy Large Hadron Collider and c) Future hadron-hadron Circular Collider. The theoretical framework adopted is the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model type III. The free model parameters involved in the calculation are constrained through Higgs boson data, Lepton Flavor Violating processes and the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment; later they are used to analyze the branching ratio of the decay h → τ μ and to evaluate the gg → h production cross section. We find that at the Large Hadron Collider is not possible to claim for evidence of the decay h → τ μ achieving a signal significance about of 1.46σ by considering its final integrated luminosity, 300 fb−1. More promising results arise at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider in which a prediction of 4.6σ when an integrated luminosity of 3 ab−1 and tan β = 8 are achieved. Meanwhile, at the High Energy Large Hadron Collider (Future hadron-hadron Circular Collider) a potential discovery could be claimed with a signal significance around 5.04σ (5.43σ) for an integrated luminosity of 3 ab−1 and tan β = 8 (5 ab−1 and tan β = 4).
Cardinal Functions of Purely Atomic Measures
Authors: Gła̧b Szymon , Marchwicki Jacek 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLet$$\mu $$μbe a purely atomic finite measure. Without loss of generality we may assume that$$\mu $$μis defined on$${\mathbb {N}}$$N, and the atoms with smaller indexes have larger masses, that is$$\mu (\{k\})\ge \mu (\{k+1\})$$μ({k})≥μ({k+1})for$$k\in {\mathbb {N}}$$k∈N. By$$f_\mu :[0,\infty )\rightarrow \{0,1,2,\dots ,\omega ,{\mathfrak {c}}\}$$fμ:[0,∞)→{0,1,2,⋯,ω,c}we denote its cardinal function$$f_{\mu }(t)=\vert \{A\subset {\mathbb {N}}:\mu (A)=t\}\vert $$fμ(t)=|{A⊂N:μ(A)=t}|. We study the problem for which sets$$R\subset \{0,1,2,\dots ,\omega ,{\mathfrak {c}}\}$$R⊂{0,1,2,⋯,ω,c}there is a measure$$\mu $$μsuch that$$R=\text {rng}(f_\mu )$$R=rng(fμ). We are also interested in the set-theoretic and topological properties of the set of$$\mu $$μ-values which are obtained uniquely.
Understanding the hermeneutics of digital materiality in contemporary architectural modelling: a material engagement perspective
Authors: Poulsgaard Kåre Stokholm , Malafouris Lambros 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article develops a framework for analysing how digital software and models become mediums for creative imagination in architectural design. To understand the hermeneutics of these relationships, we develop key concepts from Material Engagement Theory (MET) and Postphenomenology (PP). To push these frameworks into the realm of digital design, we develop the concept of Digital Materiality. Digital Materiality describes the way successive layers of mathematics, code, and software come to mediate enactive perception, and the possibilities of creative material engagement actualised in work with software. Just as molecular materials come to transform action with material objects, so digital materiality comes to enable and transform creative practices with computers. Digital architectural design form a new space for ongoing enactive discovery and creativity through manipulation of digital models and their underlying software environments. By shifting relationships within their digital models, architects can direct their attention, intention, and imagination towards widely different aspects of the model. Here, creative imagination becomes a fundamentally situated activity where mind emerges through dynamic interaction between a variety of embodied, material, and cultural domains.
An analytical cost estimation model for the design of axisymmetric components with open-die forging technology
Authors: Campi Federico , Mandolini Marco , Favi Claudio , Checcacci Emanuele , Germani Michele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOpen-die forging is a manufacturing process commonly used for realising simple shaped components with high mechanical performances and limited capability in terms of production volume. To date, an analytical model for estimating the costs of components manufactured with this technology is still an open issue. The paper aims to define an analytical model for cost estimation of axisymmetric components manufactured by open-die forging technology. The model is grounded on the analysis of geometrical features available at the design stage providing a detailed cost breakdown in relation to all the process phases and the raw material. The model allows predicting product cost, linking geometrical features and cost items, to carry out design-to-cost actions oriented to the reduction of manufacturing cost. The model is mainly conceived for design engineers, cost engineers and buyers, respectively, for improving the product design, the manufacturing process and the supply chain. Cost model and related schemas for collecting equations and data are presented, including the approach for sizing the raw material and a set of rules for modelling the related cost. Finally, analytic equations for modelling the cost of the whole forging process (i.e. billet cutting, heating, pre-smoothing, smoothing, upsetting, max-shoulder cogging, necking and shoulders cogging) are reported. The cost model has been tested on eight cylindrical parts such as discs and shafts with different shapes, dimensions and materials. Two forge masters have been involved in the testing phase. The absolute average deviation between the actual and estimated costs is approximately 4% for raw material and 21% for the process. The absolute average deviation on the total cost (raw material and manufacturing process) is approximately 5%.
The Role of Virtual Consultations in Plastic Surgery During COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Sinha Vikram , Malik Mohsan , Nugent Nora , Drake Paul , Cavale Naveen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 has led to government enforced ‘lockdown’ in the UK severely limiting face-to-face patient interaction. Virtual consultations present a means for continued patient access to health care. Our aim was to evaluate the use of virtual consultations (VCons) during lockdown and their possible role in the future.

Methods
An anonymous survey was disseminated to UK and European plastic surgeons via social media, email sharing and via the European Association of Societies of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery newsletter. Uptake of VCons, modality, effectiveness, safety and future utility were assessed.

Results
Forty-three senior plastic surgeons responded to the survey. The majority of the respondents (97.7%) reported using VCons during COVID-19 lockdown, of which 74.4% had no prior experience. Two-thirds of surgeons utilised commercial platforms such as Zoom, FaceTime and Skype, 38.1% of respondents did not know about or were unsure about adequate encryption for health care use, and just under a half (47.6%) reported they were unaware of or lacking GDPR compliance. Most (97.6%) say they are likely to use virtual consultations after lockdown.

Conclusion
Virtual consultations have had a crucial role in patient care during UK lockdown. It is clear that they will serve as an adjunct to face-to-face consultation in the future. Further regulation is required to ensure platforms offer adequate safety and security measures and are compliant with relevant data protection laws.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Cerebral blood flow decrease as an early pathological mechanism in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Korte Nils , Nortley Ross , Attwell David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTherapies targeting late events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), including aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, have largely failed, probably because they are given after significant neuronal damage has occurred. Biomarkers suggest that the earliest event in AD is a decrease of cerebral blood flow (CBF). This is caused by constriction of capillaries by contractile pericytes, probably evoked by oligomeric Aβ. CBF is also reduced by neutrophil trapping in capillaries and clot formation, perhaps secondary to the capillary constriction. The fall in CBF potentiates neurodegeneration by upregulating the BACE1 enzyme that makes Aβ and by promoting tau hyperphosphorylation. Surprisingly, therefore, CBF reduction may play a crucial role in driving cognitive decline by initiating the amyloid cascade itself, or being caused by and amplifying Aβ production. Here, we review developments in this area that are neglected in current approaches to AD, with the aim of promoting novel mechanism-based therapeutic approaches.
Rotational range of motion of elliptical and spherical heads in shoulder arthroplasty: a dynamic biomechanical evaluation
Authors: Muench Lukas N. , Otto Alexander , Kia Cameron , Obopilwe Elifho , Cote Mark P. , Imhoff Andreas B. , Beitzel Knut , Mazzocca Augustus D. , Mehl Julian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionElliptical shape humeral head prostheses have been proposed to reflect a more anatomic shoulder replacement. Its effect on the rotational range of motion (ROM) compared to a standard spherical head is still not understood. The purpose was to investigate if there would be a difference in rotational ROM when comparing elliptical and spherical prosthetic heads in a dynamic shoulder model. The authors hypothesized that the use of elliptical heads would result in significantly more rotational ROM compared to the spherical head design.Materials and methodsSix fresh-frozen, cadaveric shoulders were evaluated using a dynamic shoulder model. After being tested in the native condition, each specimen underwent 6 conditions in the hemiarthroplasty state: (1) matched-fit spherical head, (2) oversized spherical head, (3) undersized spherical head, (4) matched-fit elliptical head, (5) oversized elliptical head, and (6) undersized elliptical head. Following conversion to total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), the 6 prior conditions were rerun. Each condition was tested at 0°, 30° and 60° of glenohumeral abduction. Rotational ROM was quantified using 3-dimensional tracking, while dynamically applying alternating forces for internal and external rotation via the rotator cuff tendons.ResultsElliptical and spherical prosthetic heads showed no significant difference in the degree of the total, internal, and external rotational ROM for both the hemiarthroplasty and TSA state. Conversion from hemiarthroplasty to TSA resulted in less degree of total rotational ROM for both head designs in all abduction positions, without reaching statistical significance. There was a significant decrease in total, internal, and external rotational ROM for both elliptical and spherical heads in every replacement condition, when comparing 0° to 30° and 60° of abduction (P < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionIn a dynamic shoulder model, elliptical and spherical prosthetic head designs showed no significant difference in the degree of the total, internal, and external rotational ROM in both the hemiarthroplasty and TSA state.Level of evidenceControlled laboratory study
Squamous cell cancer of the temporal bone: a review of the literature
Authors: Lechner Matt , Sutton Liam , Murkin Charlotte , Masterson Liam , O’Flynn Paul , Wareing Michael J. , Tatla Taranjit , Saeed Shakeel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the temporal bone is a rare malignancy accounting for only 0.2% of head and neck cancers. There is currently no clear consensus on staging or common approach to management. It is the aim of this work to provide the readers with a review of the current literature on this malignancy.MethodsA literature review was performed identifying 16 case series with patient numbers ranging from 12 to 124. A total of 708 patients were included in this review, 67% presented with advanced disease. 578 cases were managed operatively with lateral temporal bone resection, some underwent local resection alone in early stage disease. In all studies radiation therapy was used as an adjunct to some degree.ResultsMore than half of studies reported 100% either 2-, 3- or 5-year survival for T1 and T2 disease with no nodal involvement. Survival correlated with disease stage and in five studies SCC differentiation was found to be a significant prognostic factor. Post-operative radiotherapy was found to improve survival in only one study.ConclusionsTemporal bone SCC is a readily treatable malignancy in early stage disease, however late stage disease has a poor prognosis. Differentiation of the SCC and stage of disease at presentation appear to have the greatest influence on 5-year survival rates. Further work is required in both the identification of early stage disease and in the treatment of later T3 and T4 lesions.
Gamma-delta T cells stimulate IL-6 production by pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Seifert Adrian M. , List Julian , Heiduk Max , Decker Rahel , von Renesse Janusz , Meinecke Ann-Christin , Aust Daniela E. , Welsch Thilo , Weitz Jürgen , Seifert Lena 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment promotes progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). γδ T cells infiltrate the pancreatic tumor stroma and support tumorigenesis through αβ T cell inhibition. Pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation contributes to pancreatic fibrosis in PDAC, limiting the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic agents. Whether γδ T cells have direct effects on PSC activation is unknown.

Methods
In this study, we analyzed tumor tissue from 68 patients with PDAC and determined the frequency and location of γδ T cells using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. PDAC samples from the TCGA database with low and high TRGC2 expression were correlated with the expression of extracellular matrix genes. Further, PSCs were isolated from pancreatic tumor tissue and co-cultured with γδ T cells for 48 hours and cytokine production was measured using a cytometric bead array.

Results
γδ T cells infiltrated the pancreatic tumor stroma and were located in proximity to PSCs. A high infiltration of γδ T cells was associated with increased expression of several extracellular matrix genes in human PDAC. In vitro, γδ T cells stimulated IL-6 production by PDAC-derived PSCs.

Conclusion
γδ T cells activated PSCs and modulation of this interaction may enhance the efficacy of combinational therapies in human PDAC.