bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lipid elongation enzyme ELOVL2 is a molecular regulator of aging in the retina
Authors: Chen Daniel , Chao Daniel L. , Rocha Lorena , Kolar Matthew , Nguyen Huu Viet Anh , Krawczyk Michal , Dasyani Manish , Wang Tina , Jafari Maryam , Jabari Mary , Ross Kevin D. , Saghatelian Alan , Hamilton Bruce A. , Zhang Kang , Skowronska‐Krawczyk Dorota 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMethylation of the regulatory region of the elongation of very‐long‐chain fatty acids‐like 2 (ELOVL2) gene, an enzyme involved in elongation of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, is one of the most robust biomarkers of human age, but the critical question of whether ELOVL2 plays a functional role in molecular aging has not been resolved. Here, we report that Elovl2 regulates age‐associated functional and anatomical aging in vivo, focusing on mouse retina, with direct relevance to age‐related eye diseases. We show that an age‐related decrease in Elovl2 expression is associated with increased DNA methylation of its promoter. Reversal of Elovl2 promoter hypermethylation in vivo through intravitreal injection of 5‐Aza‐2’‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza‐dc) leads to increased Elovl2 expression and rescue of age‐related decline in visual function. Mice carrying a point mutation C234W that disrupts Elovl2‐specific enzymatic activity show electrophysiological characteristics of premature visual decline, as well as early appearance of autofluorescent deposits, well‐established markers of aging in the mouse retina. Finally, we find deposits underneath the retinal pigment epithelium in Elovl2 mutant mice, containing components found in human drusen, a pathologic hallmark of age related macular degeneration. These findings indicate that ELOVL2 activity regulates aging in mouse retina, provide a molecular link between polyunsaturated fatty acids elongation and visual function, and suggest novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of age‐related eye diseases.
Associations between oral health and depressive symptoms: Findings from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project
Authors: Wright Fredrick A. Clive , Takehara Sachiko , Stanaway Fiona F. , Naganathan Vasi , Blyth Fiona M. , Hirani Vasant , Le Couteur David G. , Handelsman David J. , Waite Louise M. , Seibel Markus J , Cumming Robert G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether poorer oral health, tooth loss and lower usage of dental services are associated with depressive symptoms in older Australian men.MethodsCross‐sectional study of data collected from participants of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Geriatric Depression Scale. Chewing capacity was estimated by ability to chew 11 food items.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was 17.5%. Self‐evaluated oral health, chewing capacity and the number of natural and decayed teeth were associated with depressive symptoms. After adjusting for multiple confounders, chewing capacity (PR 1.93; 95% CI 1.34‐2.79) and decayed teeth (PR 1.68; 95% CI 1.03‐2.75) maintained a significant association with depressive symptoms.ConclusionThe direction of causality between oral health and depression is unclear; however, oral health may contribute to depression in older Australian men and depressive symptoms may limit chewing capacity and be aggravated by untreated dental decay.
Role of oxytocin in prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in unplanned out‐of‐hospital deliveries treated by emergency medical services
Authors: Klemettilä Emma , Rahkonen Leena , Nuutila Mika , Lääperi Mitja , Harve-Rytsälä Heini 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionIntramuscular or intravenous oxytocin is used in out‐of‐hospital emergency care in Finland to prevent postpartum hemorrhage after unplanned out‐of‐hospital deliveries. However, the use of oxytocin by emergency medical services is based on in‐hospital studies. The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of oxytocin is associated with diminished postpartum hemorrhage after unplanned out‐of‐hospital deliveries.Material and methodsWe studied patient records covering all unplanned out‐of‐hospital deliveries in the Helsinki University Hospital area between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017 inclusive. Oxytocin was available in ambulances responsible for half of the population of the study area and was not available in ambulances responsible for the other half. The study area corresponded to 25% of all deliveries in Finland. The primary outcome was the estimated total bleeding (mL). Secondary outcomes were (1) the first blood hemoglobin value measured in hospital (g/L), (2) whether blood hemoglobin was measured during the first 24 hours after delivery, (3) the need for red blood cell concentrate, (4) the need for uterotonic or prothrombotic medication in‐hospital during the first 24 hours, (5) the need for any postpartum operation during the first 24 hours and (6) composite outcome combining the secondary outcomes 2‐5.ResultsOf all ambulance responses in the study area, .04% concerned out‐of‐hospital deliveries. There were 216 analyzed out‐of‐hospital deliveries. Altogether, 111 of these occurred in the area with oxytocin available in ambulances and 105 in the area without. Oxytocin was administered in 57 of the 111 deliveries (51%) where it was available. No differences in the primary outcome (P = .548 for oxytocin available vs not available and P = .381 for oxytocin used vs not used) or secondary outcomes were detected between those deliveries where oxytocin was available vs not available or between those where it was used vs not used.ConclusionsOut‐of‐hospital oxytocin was not associated with diminished postpartum hemorrhage in this study setting. Oxytocin does not seem to be an essential drug for all ambulance units. The in‐hospital use of oxytocin was not evaluated and thus is not disputed by this study.
Intra‐placental arterial Doppler: A marker of fetoplacental vascularity in late‐onset placental disease?
Authors: Higgins Lucy E. , Heazell Alexander E. P. , Simcox Louise E. , Johnstone Edward D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionLate‐gestation adverse pregnancy outcome is associated with reduced placental villous vascularity but rarely with a frankly abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveform. The clinical utility of umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry in late gestation is limited by poor understanding of what aspect(s) of placental structure and function the impedance reflects. We hypothesized that placental arterial circulation impedance reflects placental vascularity and arterial function.Material and methodsThis was a secondary analysis of data from the FEMINA2 study, a study of pregnancy outcome after reduced fetal movement. Forty‐three pregnancies that delivered within 7 days of ultrasound assessment were examined. Impedance was quantified by pulsatility index (PI) from umbilical, chorionic plate arteries, and intra‐placental arteries. Site‐specific PI was compared with villous vascularity (CD31 immunostaining) and placental arterial function (wire myography) by regression analysis (P < .01) where factor analysis suggested potential co‐variance (Eigen value > 2).ResultsPulsatility index decreased with proximity to the placental microvasculature (P < .0001). Intra‐placental artery PI correlated significantly with vessel number (R2 = 0.40, P = .0007). No significant relations between umbilical or chorionic plate artery PI and villous vascularity were found (P ≥ .11 and P ≥ .042). No significant co‐variance was suggested between PI at any Doppler sampling site and ex vivo placental arterial function indices. Measurement reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) was highest in the umbilical artery (PI 0.75 and 0.50 for intra‐ and interoperator reliability, respectively) and lowest in the intra‐placental arteries (PI 0.55 and 0.41, respectively). Systematic bias in umbilical artery PI was observed between observers, but not at other Doppler sampling sites.ConclusionsMore vascular placentas ex vivo are associated with reduced intra‐placental artery Doppler impedance in utero. Although umbilical (but not intra‐placental) artery Doppler PI is associated with adverse outcome after reduced fetal movement, this predictive ability does not appear to be through assessment of placental vascularity or chorionic plate arterial function. The inferior reliability of intra‐placental artery Doppler, although similar to previously published reliability of umbilical artery Doppler, impairs its ability to detect subtle differences in placental vascularity, and must be significantly improved before it could be considered a clinically useful test.
When is gossiping wrong? The influence of valence and relationships on children’s moral evaluations of gossip
Authors: Caivano Oksana , Leduc Karissa , Talwar Victoria 
Published: January 2020

Gossip is a common social activity that children admit to engaging in. Although children disapprove of negative gossip (Kuttler, Parker, & La Greca, 2002,Merrill‐Palmer Quarterly, 48, 105), less is known about how it is perceived morally compared to positive gossip and how this changes developmentally as children enter adolescence. Interestingly, misbehaviours are evaluated differently depending on who commits the act and whom it targets (Slomkowski & Killen, 1992,International Journal of Behavioral Development, 15, 247), but this has not been examined in the context of gossip. This study examined children’s moral evaluations of negative and positive valence gossip and how this changed depending on the listener’s relationship to the sharer and target. Children (N = 134, ages 8–16) completed vignettes, evaluating the sharer’s action from the listener’s perspective, a 2 (valence: negative/positive) × 4 (relationship type: friend/unfamiliar classmate of the sharer and target) design. Additionally, the gossip topic was about the target’s behaviour with consequences for him/herself or another (target behaviour type: individual/relational vignettes). The main findings revealed that negative gossip in the sharer–classmate, target–friend condition was rated most negatively. Furthermore, in the individual vignettes condition, positive gossip in the sharer–friend, target–friend condition was rated more negatively than the sharer–classmate, target–friend condition. Girls rated negative gossip more negatively than boys, and adolescents rated gossip more positively than children. Overall, this research allows us to better understand when gossip is viewed as acceptable or unacceptable during an important developmental period.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?Children gossip about others negatively but disapprove of negative gossip.Children and adolescents evaluate negative and positive behaviour differently.Children evaluate transgressions differently depending on who commits them and whom the target is.What does this study add?Adolescents believe that positive gossip is more socially acceptable compared to children.Gossip shared by a classmate that targets a friend is rated negatively.Girls view negative gossip as less acceptable compared to boys.
Some pedagogical observations on using augmented reality in a vocational practicum
Authors: Lester Stan , Hofmann Jens 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of augmented reality (AR) in vocational education and training can still be considered as being in its infancy, although interest in it is growing in response both to its potential for teaching and its adoption as a practical tool in various industry sectors. One example of early‐stage AR use is illustrated from a practicum for training apprentices in the chemical industry; this involves the use of various AR objects for learning a simple production operation. Although this application had been conceived of purely in terms of substitution for existing instructional methods, it also gave learners greater control of the learning process and created opportunities for collaborative learning. Pedagogically, AR can be considered as a mildly disruptive technology that favours learner managed learning, a factor that is aligned with its ability to support localised decision‐making in industry.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Augmented reality (AR) tends to favour exploratory, learner managed and increasingly, collaborative learning.
Evaluations of AR for vocational learning are on balance positive, with improved understanding, fewer errors and faster task completion or improved learning performance all reported.
AR is still in the early stages of adoption in vocational education and training (VET), with trials and small‐scale applications dominating.
What this paper adds

Introducing AR even for simple learning tasks affects the pedagogical approaches that are used.
Effects include greater learner control of the learning process and encouragement of reflection‐in‐action.
Implications for practice and/or policy

AR is a mildly disruptive technology that needs to be considered in terms of its pedagogical implications as well as its effectiveness as a learning tool.
The directions favoured by AR in education and training appear consistent with changing skill and learning demands in industry.
Trajectories of Online Racial Discrimination and Psychological Functioning Among African American and Latino Adolescents
Authors: Tynes Brendesha M. , English Devin , Del Toro Juan , Smith Naila A. , Lozada Fantasy T. , Williams David R. 
Published: January 2020

This study investigated trajectories of individual and vicarious online racial discrimination (ORD) and their associations with psychological outcomes for African American and Latinx adolescents in 6th–12th grade (N = 522;Mgrade = 9th) across three waves. Data were analyzed using growth mixture modeling to estimate trajectories for ORD and to determine the effects of each trajectory on Wave 3 depressive symptoms, anxiety, and self‐esteem. Results showed four individual and three vicarious ORD trajectories, with the majority of participants starting out with low experiences and increasing over time. Older African American adolescents and people who spend more time online are at greatest risk for poor psychological functioning.
Nicotinamide riboside rescues angiotensin II–induced cerebral small vessel disease in mice
Authors: Li Cheng‐Cheng , Chen Wei‐Xiang , Wang Jie , Xia Min , Jia Zheng‐Cai , Guo Chao , Tang Xiao‐Qin , Li Ming‐Xi , Yin Yi , Liu Xin , Feng Hua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsHypertension is a leading cause of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Currently, treatments for CSVD are limited. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) can protect against vascular injury and cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the protective effects of NR against angiotensin ‐ (Ang ‐)–induced CSVD were evaluated.MethodsTo explore the effects of NR in CSVD, C57BL/6 mice were infused with Ang ‐, and NR was added to the food of the mice for 28 days. Then, short‐term memory, blood‐brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and endothelial function were detected. Arteriole injury and glial activation were also evaluated.ResultsOur data showed that mice infused with Ang ‐ exhibited decreased short‐term memory function and BBB leakage due to decreased claudin‐5 expression and increased caveolae‐mediated endocytosis after 28 days. Furthermore, Ang ‐ decreased the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and increased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in arterioles and decreased the expression of neurofilament 200 (NF200) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in the white matter. These CSVD‐related damages induced by Ang ‐ were inhibited by NR administration. Moreover, NR administration significantly reduced glial activation around the vessels.ConclusionOur results indicated that NR administration alleviated Ang ‐–induced CSVD by protecting BBB integrity, vascular remodeling, neuroinflammation, and white matter injury (WMI)–associated cognitive impairment.
Comparison of bowel dysfunction between colorectal cancer survivors and a non‐operative non‐cancer control group
Authors: Keane C. , O’Grady G. , Bissett I. , Woodfield J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimLow anterior resection syndrome (LARS) detrimentally affects quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors. This study assessed the prevalence for LARS in colorectal cancer survivors and the same symptoms in a matched control group.MethodValidated instruments, the LARS score and Short Form Survey 12, used to collect functional and quality of life outcomes from patients who had undergone distal colorectal resection at Auckland Hospital (2008–2015) or Dunedin Hospital (2008–2017). A matched non‐operative control group was drawn from patients undergoing surveillance colonoscopy.ResultsThe response rate was 79%. Cross‐sectional prevalence of major LARS in rectal cancer patients was 52% at a median follow‐up of 52 months. Major LARS prevalence in the sigmoid cancer resection and non‐cancer control groups was similar (25% vs 26%, P = 0.6). On univariate analysis anastomotic height [risk ratio (RR) for low anterior resection 4.6, P < 0.001; ultralow anterior resection RR = 15.5, P < 0.001], radiotherapy (RR = 2.6; P = 0.009), stoma (RR = 3.6; P = 0.001) and J pouch reconstruction (vs straight anastomosis, RR = 4.6; P = 0.008) were associated with major LARS for rectal cancer patients. These factors were not significant when the analysis was stratified for anastomotic height. Despite correlation between LARS and Short Form Survey 12 outcomes (physical ρ = −0.2; mental ρ = −0.2) there was no difference in quality of life outcomes between the groups.ConclusionBowel dysfunction after low anterior resection affects the majority of rectal cancer patients. The high background rate of bowel dysfunction must be considered when assessing the prevalence of LARS.
Co‐overexpression of VEGF and GDNF in adipose‐derived stem cells optimizes therapeutic effect in neurogenic erectile dysfunction model
Authors: Yang Wende , Chen Zehong , Ma Xiaolei , Ouyang Xi , Fang Jiafeng , Wei Hongbo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the rapid repair potential of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) co‐overexpressing VEGF and GDNF on bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) in rat models. Progressive fibrosis of the penis that occurs shortly after BCNI is a key cause of clinical treatment difficulty of erectile dysfunction (ED). Traditional medications are ineffective for ED caused by BCNI. ADSCs have shown therapeutic effects in animal models, but disappointing in clinical treatment suggests that we should explore optimal treatment of it.Materials and methodsWe extracted ADSCs from rat epididymis. Lentiviral transfection was verified by western blot and immunofluorescence. Thirty‐six SD rats (10 weeks old) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6 per group): sham surgery, and remaining five BCNI groups transplanted PBS or ADSCs which were genetically modified by vehicle, VEGF (ADSC‐V), GDNF (ADSC‐G), or VEGF&GDNF (ADSC‐G&V) around major pelvic ganglion (MPG). We investigated the therapeutic effects of BCNI rat model which is characterized by ED, penile tissue fibrosis and hypoxia, and lack of nitrogen nerves or vascular atrophy.ResultsErectile function was almost recovered after 2 weeks of transplantation of ADSC‐G&V, promoted cavernous nerve repair, prevented penile fibrosis and preserving the vascular endothelium, which was significant differences amongst ADSC‐V or ADSC‐G. Moreover, GM‐ADSCs were detected in MPG and penis, indicating that their participation in repair of target organs and transverse nerves.ConclusionsThese promising data indicate that ADSCs co‐overexpressed VEGF and GDNF‐induced synergistic effects, make it a potential tool for recovering of erectile function speedily after BCNI.
Effectiveness of a marine conservation education program in Okayama, Japan
Authors: Sakurai Ryo , Uehara Takuro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSustainable management of coastal areas including their natural resources cannot be effectively implemented without the continued involvement of residents who are knowledgeable about the value of conservation. Carrying out long‐term conservation education programs and monitoring the impacts of such program in terms of changing people's awareness and behaviors are critical for conservation to be meaningful and sustainable. This research focused on a marine conservation education program (MCEP) offered at a junior high school in Japan that included collaboration with local fishermen. We aimed to reveal how such continuous and collaborative education program including field experience may change students' awareness and behaviors after several years. We conducted interviews with student participants, comparing their perceptions of when they were first‐graders and third‐graders, and with recent program graduates to understand their perception of the program and knowledge about the local environment. We also conducted surveys with parents and teachers at the junior high school to understand the impacts of the program. A series of studies revealed that the MCEP not only changed students' awareness and behaviors but also affected their parents and teachers.
Domain‐specific contributions of biological sex and sex hormones to what, where and when components of episodic‐like memory in adult rats
Authors: Conner Meagan R. , Adeyemi Oluwadamilola M. , Anderson Brenda J. , Kritzer Mary F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEpisodic memory involves the integration and recall of discrete events that include information about what happened, where it happened and when it occurred. Episodic memory function is critical to daily life, and its dysfunction is both a first identifiable indicator and an enduring core feature of cognitive decline in ageing and in neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Available evidence from human studies suggests that biological sex and sex hormones modulate episodic memory function in health and disease. However, knowledge of how this occurs is constrained by the limited availability and underutilization of validated animal models in investigating hormone impacts on episodic‐like memory function. Here, adult female, adult male and gonadally manipulated adult male rats were tested on the what–where–when episodic‐like memory task to determine whether rats model human sex differences in episodic memory and how the hormonal milieu impacts episodic‐like memory processes in this species. These studies revealed salient ways in which rats model human sex differences in episodic memory, including a male advantage in spatial episodic memory performance. They also identified domain‐specific roles for oestrogens and androgens in modulating what, where and when discriminations in male rats that were unlike those engaged in corresponding novel object recognition and novel object location tasks. These studies thus identify rats and the what–where–when task as suitable for investigating the neuroendocrine bases of episodic‐like memory, and provide new information about the unique contributions that sex and sex hormones make to this complex mnemonic process.