bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debris‐flow‐dominated sediment transport through a channel network after wildfire
Authors: Nyman Petter , Box Walter A.C. , Stout Justin C. , Sheridan Gary J. , Keesstra Saskia D. , Lane Patrick N.J. , Langhans Christoph 
Published: December 2019

AbstractField studies that investigate sediment transport between debris‐flow‐producing headwaters and rivers are uncommon, particularly in forested settings, where debris flows are infrequent and opportunities for collecting data are limited. This study quantifies the volume and composition of sediment deposited in the arterial channel network of a 14‐km2 catchment (Washington Creek) that connects small, burned and debris‐flow‐producing headwaters (<1 km2) with the Ovens River in SE Australia. We construct a sediment budget by combining new data on deposition with a sediment delivery model for post‐fire debris flows. Data on deposits were plotted alongside the slope–area curve to examine links between processes, catchment morphometry and geomorphic process domains. The results show that large deposits are concentrated in the proximity of three major channel junctions, which correspond to breaks in channel slope. Hyperconcentrated flows are more prominent towards the catchment outlet, where the slope–area curve indicates a transition from debris flow to fluvial domains. This shift corresponds to a change in efficiency of the flow, determined from the ratio of median grain size to channel slope. Our sediment budget suggests a total sediment efflux from Washington Creek catchment of 61 × 103 m3. There are similar contributions from hillslopes (43 ± 14 × 103 m3), first to third stream order channel (35 ± 12 × 103 m3) and the arterial fourth to fifth stream order channel (31 ± 17 × 103 m3) to the total volume of erosion. Deposition (39 ± 17 × 103 m3) within the arterial channel was higher than erosion (31 ± 17 × 103 m3), which means a net sediment gain of about 8 × 103 m3 in the arterial channel. The ratio of total deposition to total erosion was 0.44. For fines <63 μm, this ratio was much smaller (0.11), which means that fines are preferentially exported. This has important implications for suspended sediment and water quality in downstream rivers. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resource allocation through logistic regression and multicriteria decision making method in IoT fog computing
Authors: Bashir Hayat , Lee Seonah , Kim Kyong Hoon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCloud computing has received a lot of attention from both researcher and developer in last decade due to its unique structure of providing services to the user. As the digitalization of world, heterogeneous devices, and with the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT), these IoT devices produce different type of data with distinct frequency, which require real‐time and latency sensitive services. This provides great challenge to cloud computing framework. Fog computing is a new framework to accompaniment cloud platform and is proposed to extend services to the edge of the network. In fog computing, the entire user's tasks are offloaded to distributed fog nodes to the edge of network to avoid delay sensitivity. We select fog computing network dwell different set of fog nodes to provide required services to the users. Allocation of defined resource to the users in order to achieve optimal result is a big challenge. Therefore, we propose dynamic resource allocation strategy for cloud, fog node, and users. In the framework, we first formulate the ranks of fog node using TOPSIS to identify most suitable fog node for the incoming request. Simultaneously logistic regression calculates the load of individual fog node and updates the result to send back to the broker for next decision. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme undoubtedly improves the performance and give accuracy of 98.25%.
The Paleolithic in the Nihewan Basin, China: Evolutionary history of an Early to Late Pleistocene record in Eastern Asia
Authors: Yang Shi‐Xia , Deng Cheng‐Long , Zhu Ri‐Xiang , Petraglia Michael D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Nihewan Basin of China preserves one of the most important successions of Paleolithic archeological sites in Eurasia. Stratified archeological sites and mammalian fossils, first reported in the 1920s, continue to be recovered in large‐scale excavation projects. Here, we review key findings from archeological excavations in the Nihewan Basin ranging from ~1.66 Ma to 11.7 ka. We place particular emphasis on changes in stone tool technology over the long term. Though Pleistocene lithic industries from East Asia are often described as simple in character, re‐evaluation of the stone tool evidence from the Nihewan Basin demonstrates significant, though periodic, innovations and variability in manufacturing techniques through time, indicating adaptive and technological flexibility on the part of hominins. Synthesis of paleoenvironmental and archeological data indicate changes in hominin occupation frequency in the Nihewan Basin, with chronological gaps suggesting that continuous presence in high, seasonal latitudes was not possible prior to the Late Pleistocene.
Field cricket genome reveals the footprint of recent, abrupt adaptation in the wild
Authors: Pascoal Sonia , Risse Judith E. , Zhang Xiao , Blaxter Mark , Cezard Timothee , Challis Richard J. , Gharbi Karim , Hunt John , Kumar Sujai , Langan Emma , Liu Xuan , Rayner Jack G. , Ritchie Michael G. , Snoek Basten L. , Trivedi Urmi , Bailey Nathan W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEvolutionary adaptation is generally thought to occur through incremental mutational steps, but large mutational leaps can occur during its early stages. These are challenging to study in nature due to the difficulty of observing new genetic variants as they arise and spread, but characterizing their genomic dynamics is important for understanding factors favoring rapid adaptation. Here, we report genomic consequences of recent, adaptive song loss in a Hawaiian population of field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus). A discrete genetic variant, flatwing, appeared and spread approximately 15 years ago. Flatwing erases sound-producing veins on male wings. These silent flatwing males are protected from a lethal, eavesdropping parasitoid fly. We sequenced, assembled and annotated the cricket genome, produced a linkage map, and identified a flatwing quantitative trait locus covering a large region of the X chromosome. Gene expression profiling showed that flatwing is associated with extensive genome-wide effects on embryonic gene expression. We found that flatwing male crickets express feminized chemical pheromones. This male feminizing effect, on a different sexual signaling modality, is genetically associated with the flatwing genotype. Our findings suggest that the early stages of evolutionary adaptation to extreme pressures can be accompanied by greater genomic and phenotypic disruption than previously appreciated, and highlight how abrupt adaptation might involve suites of traits that arise through pleiotropy or genomic hitchhiking.
Metabo groups in response to micronutrient intervention: Pilot study
Authors: Coelho‐Landell Carolina Almeida , Salomão Roberta Garcia , Almada Maria Olimpia Ribeiro do Vale , Mathias Mariana Giaretta , Toffano Roseli Borges Donega , Hillesheim Elaine , Barros Tamiris Trevisan , Camarneiro Joyce Moraes , Camelo‐Junior José Simon , Rosa José Cesar , Izumi Clarice , Czernisz Érika , Moco Sofia , Kaput Jim , Monteiro Jacqueline Pontes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicronutrients and their metabolites are cofactors in proteins involved in lipid metabolism. The present study was a subproject of the Harmonized Micronutrient Project (ClinTrials.gov # NCT01823744). Twenty participants were randomly selected from 136 children and adolescents that consumed a daily dose of 12 vitamins and 5 minerals supplementation for 6 weeks. The 20 individuals were divided into two pools of 10 individuals, according to their lipid profile at baseline (Pool 1 with lower triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL). The individuals were analyzed at baseline, after 6 weeks of daily supplementation, and after 6 weeks of a washout period in relation to anthropometric, body composition, food intake, lipid profile, micronutrient levels, and iTRAQ proteomic data. Genetic ancestry and its association with vitamin serum levels were also determined. After supplementation, LDL levels decreased while alpha‐tocopherol and pantothenic acid levels increased in pool 2; lipid profiles in pool 1 did not change but had higher plasma levels of pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, and pyridoxic acid. In pool 2, expression of some proteins increased, and expression of other ones decreased after intervention, while in pool 1, the same proteins responded inversely or did not change their levels. Plasma alpha‐tocopherol and Native American genetic ancestry explained a significant fraction of LDL plasma levels at baseline and in response to the intervention. After intervention, changes in expression of alpha‐1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, Ig alpha‐1 chain C region, plasma protease C1 inhibitor, alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein 1, fibrinogen alpha, beta, and gamma‐chain in individuals in pool 2 may be associated with levels of LDL and vitamin E. Vitamin E and Native American genetic ancestry may also be implicated in changes of vitamin E and LDL levels. The results of this pilot study must be validated in future studies with larger sample size or in in vitro studies.
Reflecting on siliceous rocks in central Australia: Using advanced remote sensing to map ancient “tool‐stone” resources
Authors: Law Wallace Boone , Lewis Megan M. , Ostendorf Bertram , Hiscock Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHyMap™ airborne hyperspectral imagery was used to discriminate and map hydrated silica mineralization in the Dalhousie Springs area of central Australia. A spectral feature fitting algorithm was used to match laboratory reference spectra with image pixel spectra, producing a scaled goodness‐of‐fit raster map of silicified “tool‐stone” sources in our study area. Subsequent fieldwork indicated that the algorithm mapped silcrete, a rock composed of hydrated silica, and incidentally, the most frequently utilized raw material for stone artifact manufacture in this area of the Australian arid zone. The soundness of our hydrated silica mineralization map is supported with field observations and spectroscopic analysis of collected silcrete samples. Independent siliceous rock mapping produced by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industry Research Organization offers additional corroboration of our results. Based on the success of our approach, we suggest that archaeologists working in Australia and in similar arid environments elsewhere have much to benefit in using advanced remote sensing products to map lithic resources, including time and cost‐saving advantages for field logistics, enriched assessments of land suitability for archaeological site types, and an improved understanding of resource distributions.
Schwann cells orchestrate peripheral nerve inflammation through the expression of CSF1, IL‐34, and SCF in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Trias Emiliano , Kovacs Mariángeles , King Peter H. , Si Ying , Kwon Yuri , Varela Valentina , Ibarburu Sofía , Moura Ivan C. , Hermine Olivier , Beckman Joseph S. , Barbeito Luis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDistal axonopathy is a recognized pathological feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the peripheral nerves of ALS patients, motor axon loss elicits a Wallerian‐like degeneration characterized by denervated Schwann cells (SCs) together with immune cell infiltration. However, the pathogenic significance of denervated SCs accumulating following impaired axonal growth in ALS remains unclear. Here, we analyze SC phenotypes in sciatic nerves of ALS patients and paralytic SOD1G93A rats, and identify remarkably similar and specific reactive SC phenotypes based on the pattern of S100β, GFAP, isolectin and/or p75NTR immunoreactivity. Different subsets of reactive SCs expressed colony‐stimulating factor‐1 (CSF1) and Interleukin‐34 (IL‐34) and closely interacted with numerous endoneurial CSF‐1R‐expressing monocyte/macrophages, suggesting a paracrine mechanism of myeloid cell expansion and activation. SCs bearing phagocytic phenotypes as well as endoneurial macrophages expressed stem cell factor (SCF), a trophic factor that attracts and activates mast cells through the c‐Kit receptor. Notably, a subpopulation of Ki67+ SCs expressed c‐Kit in the sciatic nerves of SOD1G93A rats, suggesting a signaling pathway that fuels SC proliferation in ALS. c‐Kit+ mast cells were also abundant in the sciatic nerve from ALS donors but not in controls. Pharmacological inhibition of CSF‐1R and c‐Kit with masitinib in SOD1G93A rats potently reduced SC reactivity and immune cell infiltration in the sciatic nerve and ventral roots, suggesting a mechanism by which the drug ameliorates peripheral nerve pathology. These findings provide strong evidence for a previously unknown inflammatory mechanism triggered by SCs in ALS peripheral nerves that has broad application in developing novel therapies.
Poststroke suicide risk among older adults in South Korea: A retrospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Choi Jae Woo , Lee Sang Gyu , Kim Tae Hyun , Han Euna 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThe present study evaluated suicide risk within 1 year after discharge among older adults with stroke as a function of depression onset.MethodWe used the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Senior cohort data and included first discharged patients with a stroke as the principal diagnosis. The comparison group was selected by a 1:2 case‐control propensity score matching for age, sex, Charlson comorbidity index, and diagnosis year between 2005 and 2012. Suicide deaths were measured by code for causes of death from Statistics Korea, and the main outcome was suicide death within 1 year following discharge. An adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) of suicidal risk was measured using a Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsIn the total sample of 128 286 older adults (aged 63‐114 years), the higher suicidal risk was examined for stroke patients vs the comparison group (AHR = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1‐1.8). Stroke patients with depression had an increased suicide risk (AHR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.8‐4.8) but only for poststroke depression (AHR = 4.1; 95% CI, 1.8‐9.5). Pre and poststroke depression suicidality (AHR = 4.8; 95% CI, 2.1‐11.1) was also higher when compared to stroke patients without depression.ConclusionsPoststroke patients are at increased suicidal risk during 1 year following discharge. Furthermore, patients who were diagnosed with depression after a stroke are more likely to commit suicide than stroke patients without depression. This suggests a necessity for early suicide preventive intervention for stroke patients while considering depressive symptomology.
Groundwater recharge sources in semiarid irrigated mountain fronts
Authors: Bouimouass Houssne , Fakir Younes , Tweed Sarah , Leblanc Marc 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHigh‐elevation mountains often constitute for basins important groundwater recharge sources through mountain‐front recharge processes. These processes include streamflow losses and subsurface inflow from the mountain block. However, another key recharge process is from irrigation practices, where mountain streamflow is distributed across the irrigated piedmont. In this study, coupled groundwater fluctuation measurements and environmental tracers (18O, 2H, and major ions) were used to identify and compare the natural mountain‐front recharge to the anthropogenically induced irrigation recharge. Within the High Atlas mountain front of the Ourika Basin, Central Morocco, the groundwater fluctuation mapping from the dry to wet season showed that recharge beneath the irrigated area was higher than the recharge along the streambed. Irrigation practices in the region divert more than 65% of the stream water, thereby reducing the potential for in‐stream groundwater recharge. In addition, the irrigation areas close to the mountain front had greater water table increases (up to 3.5 m) compared with the downstream irrigation areas (<1 m increase). Upstream crops have priority to irrigation with stream water over downstream areas. The latter are only irrigated via stream water during large flood events and are otherwise supplemented by groundwater resources. These changes in water resources used for irrigation practices between upstream and downstream areas are reflected in the spatiotemporal evolution of the stable isotopes of groundwater. In the upstream irrigation area, the groundwater stable isotope values (δ18O: −8.4‰ to −7.4‰) reflect recharge by the diverted stream water. In the downstream irrigation area, the groundwater isotope values are lower (δ18O: −8.1‰ to −8.4‰) due to recharge via the flood water. In the nonirrigation area, the groundwater has the highest stable isotope values (δ18O: −6.8‰ to −4.8‰). This might be due to recharge via subsurface inflow from the mountain block to the mountain front and/or recharge via local low altitude rainfall. These findings highlight that irrigation practices can result in the dominant mountain‐front recharge process for groundwater.
αII‐spectrin controls calcium‐regulated exocytosis in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells through neuronal Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome protein interaction
Authors: Houy Sébastien , Nicolas Gaël , Momboisse Fanny , Malacombe Magali , Bader Marie‐France , Vitale Nicolas , Lecomte Marie‐Christine , Ory Stéphane , Gasman Stéphane 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBesides a fundamental structural role at the plasma membrane, spectrin‐ and actin‐based skeletons have been proposed to participate in various processes including vesicular trafficking. Neuroendocrine cells release hormones and neuropeptides through calcium‐regulated exocytosis, a process that is coordinated by a fine remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. We describe here that calcium‐regulated exocytosis is impaired in chromaffin and PC12 cells with reduced αII‐spectrin expression levels. Using yeast two‐hybrid screening, we show that neuronal Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome protein (N‐WASP) is a partner of the αII‐spectrin SH3 domain and demonstrate that secretagogue‐evoked N‐WASP recruitment at cell periphery is blocked in the absence of αII‐spectrin. Additionally, experiments performed with ectopically expressed αII‐spectrin mutant unable to bind N‐WASP indicated that the interaction between SH3 domain and N‐WASP is pivotal for neuroendocrine secretion. Our results extend the list of spectrin interactors and strengthen the idea that αII‐spectrin is an important scaffold protein that gathers crucial actin‐related players of the exocytic machinery.
Phenylethyl isothiocyanate induces oxidative damage of porcine kidney cells mediated by reactive oxygen species
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Liu Shuiping , Yan Sisi , Wang Ji , Zhang Linyu , LI Xin , Wen Lixin , Wu Jing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to confirm the toxic effect of phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) on porcine kidney cells (PK‐15) and explore the effect of oxidative damage mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PEITC in PK‐15 cells. Porcine kidney cell line (PK‐15) was treated with PEITC (2, 5, and 10  µM) for 24 hours, and the oxidative damage mediated by PEITC through ROS was investigated. The survival rate of PK‐15 cells decreased in a dose‐dependent manner after the treatment of PEITC in a dose‐dependent manner. A high concentration of PEITC (10 µM) can change cell morphology, increase the content of malondialdehyde, ROS, and lactate dehydrogenase, and decrease the activity of SOD, CAT, GSH‐PX, and GSH. PEITC has a toxic effect on PK‐15 cells by inducing oxidative stress in PK‐15 cells through the generation of ROS.
Eriodictyol ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury by suppressing the inflammatory COX‐2/NLRP3/NF‐κB pathway in mice
Authors: Wang Xia , Deng Rong , Dong Junying , Huang Lu , Li Junxia , Zhang Bingqing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to observe the protective action and its effective mechanism of eriodictyol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute lung injury (ALI). In this study, our results indicated that eriodictyol could dramatically suppress the inflammatory mediators, including interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐1β, prostaglandin E2, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of LPS‐challenged mice. Eriodictyol also alleviated the wet/dry ratio and improved pathological changes of the lung. In addition, eriodictyol significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde content as well as increased superoxide dismutase activity. Moreover, eriodictyol inhibited the COX‐2/NLRP3/NF‐κB signaling pathway in the lung tissues of ALI mice. In conclusion, our observations validated that eriodictyol processed the protective effects on ALI mice, which was related to the regulation of the COX‐2/NLRP3/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Hematological effects of ultrafine carbon black on red blood cells and hemoglobin
Authors: Pan Jie , Li Chao , Zhang Xun , Liu Rutao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe harmful effects of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in the atmosphere have caused widespread concern. Ultrafine carbon black (UFCB) is an important component of UFPs. In this study, we explored the impact of UFCB on the structure, the antioxidant defense system, and the ATPase activity of human red blood cells (hRBCs). It was found that UFCB decreased the activity of SOD (73.58%), CAT (89.79%), and GSH‐Px (81.02%), leading to oxidative stress in hRBCs. UFCB had no destructive effect on the structure of hRBCs in 4 hours. ATPase activity increased (119.34%) and UFCB had weakly stimulated the cell membrane. On the molecular level, spectroscopic experiments showed that bovine hemoglobin (BHb) can bind to the UFCB by electrostatic force, leading to the shrinking of the BHb skeleton and increase in microenvironment polarity. This study demonstrates the negative hematological effect of UFCB on hemoglobin and hRBCs and reveals the potential risks in animals and humans.
Microbial community dynamics and functional responses that contribute to tolerance of high concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon
Authors: Cui Jiaqi , Liu Minghui , He Qingsheng , Chen Hong , Sun Mingbo , Wen Jianping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is a common problem that high‐concentration petroleum hydrocarbon (hc‐PH) is difficult to degrade and remove using biological methods.RESULTSIn this study, when the concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon (PH) were increased from 972.4 ± 40.3 to 6953.8 ± 294.3 mg L−1, all degradation rates of PH by activated sludge (AS) were beyond 79%. However, the degradation rate of hc‐PH (from 9958.3 ± 401.6 to 19 953.3 ± 896.5 mg L−1) by AS was significantly lower than that of low‐concentration petroleum hydrocarbon (lc‐PH) (from 972.4 ± 40.3 to 6953.8 ± 294.3 mg L−1). Meanwhile, the heterotrophic microorganism number and bacterial community diversity in the hc‐PH environment were lower than those in the lc‐PH environment. Sequencing results of the bacterial community showed that the dominant bacterial community of AS was stable and composed by the genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Burkholderia‐Paraburkholderia in the hc‐PH condition. Moreover, aimed to enhance the tolerance to hc‐PH stress, the relative abundances of microbial community functions of environmental adaptation, membrane transport, replication and repair were increased. However, the digestive system, circulatory system and endocrine system of the microbial community were significantly disturbed by hc‐PH, which eventually caused the degradation rate of PH by AS to decrease significantly.CONCLUSIONThus the decrease of microbial community diversity and tolerance ability can be regarded as the main limiting factors to enhance the degradation rate of hc‐PH by microorganisms. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry