bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Liver
Authors: Van Treeck Benjamin J , Lotfalla Mira , Czeczok Thomas W , Mounajjed Taofic , Moreira Roger K , Allende Daniela S , Reid Michelle D , Naini Bita V , Westerhoff Maria , Adsay N Volkan , Kerr Sarah E , IIyas Sumera I , Smoot Rory L , Liu Yuanhang , Davila Jaime , Graham Rondell P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver is characterized by neoplastic mucinous and/or biliary epithelium surrounded by ovarian-type stroma. Immunohistochemical studies have shown that the ovarian-type stroma expresses estrogen receptor, suggesting potential hormonal responsiveness. The molecular biology of mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver remains poorly studied.

Methods
Transcriptome sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed on a series of mucinous cystic neoplasms.

Results
Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver exhibited significantly increased RNA expression of ovarian stromal markers WT1, PR, and ER2 and sex cord stromal markers SF-1, inhibin-α, and calretinin compared with nonneoplastic liver. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the RNA-level data. Evidence for sex hormone biosynthesis was identified by significant overexpression of multiple estrogen biosynthetic enzymes. Expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 was confirmed immunohistochemically. Pathway analysis also identified significant upregulation of the hedgehog and Wnt pathways and significant downregulation of T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 pathways.

Conclusions
Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver recapitulates ovarian stroma at the morphologic, DNA, RNA, and protein levels. These data support the concept that this tumor likely arises from ectopic primitive gonadal tissue and/or stromal cells with capacity to transdifferentiate to ovarian cortical cells.
Evaluation of Sub-micrometer-Sized Particles Generated from a Diesel Locomotive and Jackleg Drilling in an Underground Metal Mine
Authors: Tsai Candace Su-Jung , Shin Nara , Brune Jürgen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Concerns have been raised regarding small respirable particles, i.e. sub-micrometer-sized particles, associated with mining activities. This evaluation was designed to investigate the emissions from jackleg drilling and diesel engines and to characterize the nature of emitted particles using gravimetric analysis and number metrics. The mass concentration to which workers are potentially exposed was determined from a 4-h sampling in the vicinity of drilling activities in an underground metal mine; this concentration was found to be lower than 0.6 mg m−3 of total respirable dust. This mass concentration is low; however, the number concentrations of emitted particles from drilling exceeded 1 × 106 particles cm−3 in areas 7–9 m downwind from the drilling operation. Sub-micrometer-sized particles were also observed in aerosol samples collected using a specialized sampler, and various elements associated with drilling were found among these emitted particles. Finally, the particles in the diesel exhaust were collected, and the exhaust was found to contain nanometer-sized particles.
Application of Bayesian phylogenetic inference modelling for evolutionary genetic analysis and dynamic changes in 2019-nCoV
Authors: Shao Tong , Wang Wenfang , Duan Meiyu , Pan Jiahui , Xin Zhuoyuan , Liu Baoyue , Zhou Fengfeng , Wang Guoqing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has recently caused a large-scale outbreak of viral pneumonia both in China and worldwide. In this study, we obtained the entire genome sequence of 777 new coronavirus strains as of 29 February 2020 from a public gene bank. Bioinformatics analysis of these strains indicated that the mutation rate of these new coronaviruses is not high at present, similar to the mutation rate of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus. The similarities of 2019-nCoV and SARS virus suggested that the S and ORF6 proteins shared a low similarity, while the E protein shared the higher similarity. The 2019-nCoV sequence has similar potential phosphorylation sites and glycosylation sites on the surface protein and the ORF1ab polyprotein as the SARS virus; however, there are differences in potential modification sites between the Chinese strain and some American strains. At the same time, we proposed two possible recombination sites for 2019-nCoV. Based on the results of the skyline, we speculate that the activity of the gene population of 2019-nCoV may be before the end of 2019. As the scope of the 2019-nCoV infection further expands, it may produce different adaptive evolutions due to different environments. Finally, evolutionary genetic analysis can be a useful resource for studying the spread and virulence of 2019-nCoV, which are essential aspects of preventive and precise medicine.
Reproductive context of extremely short sperm in the parasitic waspCotesia congregata(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Bredlau Justin P , El-Sabrout Ahmed M , Bressac Christophe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong adaptive traits under sexual selection, the length of spermatozoa shows high interspecific variation. In insects, extremes exist for both short and long sperm. The spermatozoa of the endoparasitic wasp Cotesia congregata (Say) are the shortest flagellated sperm described in animals, 6.6 µm in length. By comparison, the sperm of Drosophila bifurca are almost 6000 times longer. Thus, C. congregata has the potential to shed light on the selection pressures that drive variation in sperm length in relation to their production and use. The reproductive organs, sperm counts, controlled oviposition and sex ratios were investigated. The testes showed stratified differentiation stages of spermatogenesis, and sperm counts revealed continuous spermatogenesis in the late pupal stage. The small female spermatheca stored ~1000 sperm, resulting in an extremely high sperm concentration. The number of progeny per brood decreased over time until depletion of eggs. Females produced up to 370 daughters, corresponding to the effective use of 34% of the average sperm stock. Haploid males made up a greater proportion of broods in later parasitisms. Sperm miniaturization may be an adaptation to transfer increased quantities for the entire reproductive life of females in the absence of sperm competition but in the reduced space offered by the spermatheca.
Interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 is a target of progesterone receptor and steroid receptor coactivator-1 in the mouse uterus†
Authors: Marquardt Ryan M , Lee Kevin , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Brandon , DeMayo Francesco J , Jeong Jae-Wook 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe endometrium, composed of epithelial and stromal cell compartments, is tightly regulated by the ovarian steroid hormones estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) during early pregnancy. Through the progesterone receptor (PGR), steroid receptor coactivators, and other transcriptional coregulators, progesterone inhibits E2-induced cell proliferation and induces the differentiation of stromal cells in a process called decidualization to promote endometrial receptivity. Although interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2 (Il13ra2) is expressed in the human and mouse endometrium, its potential role in the steroid hormone regulation of the endometrium has not been thoroughly examined. In this study, we employed PGR knockout mice and steroid receptor coactivator-1 knockout mice (SRC-1−/−) to profile the expression of Il13ra2 in the murine endometrium and determine the role of these transcriptional regulators in the hormone-responsiveness of Il13ra2 expression. Furthermore, we utilized a well-established decidualization-inducing steroidogenic cocktail and a siRNA-based knockdown of IL13RA2 to determine the importance of IL13RA2 in the decidualization of primary human endometrial stromal cells. Our findings demonstrate that Il13ra2 is expressed in the subepithelial stroma of the murine endometrium in response to ovarian steroid hormones and during early pregnancy in a PGR- and SRC-1-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of IL13RA2 before in vitro decidualization of primary human endometrial stromal cells partially compromises the full decidualization response. We conclude that Il13ra2 is a downstream target of progesterone through PGR and SRC-1 and plays a role in mediating the stromal action of ovarian steroid hormones.
C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin, and White Blood Count to Rule Out Neonatal Early-onset Sepsis Within 36 Hours: A Secondary Analysis of the Neonatal Procalcitonin Intervention Study
Authors: Stocker Martin , van Herk Wendy , el Helou Salhab , Dutta Sourabh , Schuerman Frank A B A , van den Tooren-de Groot Rita K , Wieringa Jantien W , Janota Jan , van der Meer-Kappelle Laura H , Moonen Rob , Sie Sintha D , de Vries Esther , Donker Albertine E , Zimmerman Urs , Schlapbach Luregn J , de Mol Amerik C , Hoffman-Haringsma Angelique , Roy Madan , Tomaske Maren , F. Kornelisse René , van Gijsel Juliette , Visser Eline G , Plötz Frans B , Heath Paul , Achten Niek B , Lehnick Dirk , van Rossum Annemarie M C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) is one of the main causes of global neonatal mortality and morbidity, and initiation of early antibiotic treatment is key. However, antibiotics may be harmful.

Methods
We performed a secondary analysis of results from the Neonatal Procalcitonin Intervention Study, a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled intervention study. The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of serial measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and white blood count (WBC) within different time windows to rule out culture-positive EOS (proven sepsis).

Results
We analyzed 1678 neonates with 10 899 biomarker measurements (4654 CRP, 2047 PCT, and 4198 WBC) obtained within the first 48 hours after the start of antibiotic therapy due to suspected EOS. The areas under the curve (AUC) comparing no sepsis vs proven sepsis for maximum values of CRP, PCT, and WBC within 36 hours were 0.986, 0.921, and 0.360, respectively. The AUCs for CRP and PCT increased with extended time frames up to 36 hours, but there was no further difference between start to 36 hours vs start to 48 hours. Cutoff values at 16 mg/L for CRP and 2.8 ng/L for PCT provided a sensitivity of 100% for discriminating no sepsis vs proven sepsis.

Conclusions
Normal serial CRP and PCT measurements within 36 hours after the start of empiric antibiotic therapy can exclude the presence of neonatal EOS with a high probability. The negative predictive values of CRP and PCT do not increase after 36 hours.
Remote ischaemic preconditioning ameliorates anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and preserves mitochondrial integrity
Authors: Galán-Arriola Carlos , Villena-Gutiérrez Rocio , Higuero-Verdejo María I , Díaz-Rengifo Iván A , Pizarro Gonzalo , López Gonzalo J , Molina-Iracheta Antonio de , Pérez-Martínez Claudia , García Rodrigo D , González-Calle David , Lobo Manuel , Sánchez Pedro L , Oliver Eduardo , Córdoba Raúl , Fuster Valentin , Sánchez-González Javier , Ibanez Borja 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) is a serious adverse effect among cancer patients. A central mechanism of AIC is irreversible mitochondrial damage. Despite major efforts, there are currently no effective therapies able to prevent AIC.

Methods and results
Forty Large-White pigs were included. In Study 1, 20 pigs were randomized 1:1 to remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC, 3 cycles of 5 min leg ischaemia followed by 5 min reperfusion) or no pretreatment. RIPC was performed immediately before each intracoronary doxorubicin injections (0.45 mg/kg) given at Weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. A group of 10 pigs with no exposure to doxorubicin served as healthy controls. Pigs underwent serial cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) exams at baseline and at Weeks 6, 8, 12, and 16, being sacrifice after that. In Study 2, 10 new pigs received 3 doxorubicin injections (with/out preceding RIPC) and were sacrificed at week 6. In Study 1, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) depression was blunted animals receiving RIPC before doxorubicin (RIPC-Doxo), which had a significantly higher LVEF at Week 16 than doxorubicin treated pigs that received no pretreatment (Untreated-Doxo) (41.5 ± 9.1% vs. 32.5 ± 8.7%, P = 0.04). It was mainly due to conserved regional contractile function. In Study 2, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at Week 6 showed fragmented mitochondria with severe morphological abnormalities in Untreated-Doxo pigs, together with upregulation of fission and autophagy proteins. At the end of the 16-week Study 1 protocol, TEM revealed overt mitochondrial fragmentation with structural fragmentation in Untreated-Doxo pigs, whereas interstitial fibrosis was less severe in RIPC+Doxo pigs.

Conclusion
In a translatable large-animal model of AIC, RIPC applied immediately before each doxorubicin injection resulted in preserved cardiac contractility with significantly higher long-term LVEF and less cardiac fibrosis. RIPC prevented mitochondrial fragmentation and dysregulated autophagy from AIC early stages. RIPC is a promising intervention for testing in clinical trials in AIC.
Pyloroplasty and the risk of Barrett’s esophagus in patients with gastroparesis
Authors: Alkhayyat Motasem , Sanghi Vedha , Qapaja Thabet , Butler Robert , Rouphael Carol , McMichael John , Goldblum John , Sanaka Madhusudhan R , Thota Prashanthi N 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Barrett’s esophagus (BE), a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a premalignant condition for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Impaired gastric emptying leads to increased gastric volume and therefore more severe reflux. We seek to investigate the association between gastroparesis and BE and the predictors of BE among patients with gastroparesis. This is a retrospective review of patients seen at Cleveland Clinic between 2011 and 2016 who had an upper endoscopy and a gastric emptying study. Demographics, symptoms, medications, endoscopic and histological findings, and therapeutic interventions were abstracted. Risk of BE among gastroparesis group and control group was assessed, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of BE among gastroparesis patients. Of the 4,154 patients, 864 (20.8%) had gastroparesis and 3, 290 (79.2%) had normal gastric emptying. The mean age was 51.4 ± 16.4 years, 72% were women and 80% were Caucasians. Among the gastroparesis group, 18 (2.1%) patients had BE compared to 71 (2.2%) cases of BE in the control group, P = 0.89. There were no differences in gender, race, reflux symptoms, or esophageal findings between the two groups. Among gastroparesis group, predictors of developing BE were a history of alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] 6.76; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.65–27.67, P = 0.008), history of pyloroplasty (OR: 8.228; CI: 2.114–32.016, P = 0.002), and hiatal hernia (OR: 8.014; CI: 2.053–31.277, P = 0.003). Though gastroparesis is a known contributing factor for GERD, there was no increased prevalence of BE in gastroparesis. Among patients with gastroparesis, predictors of BE are history of alcohol use, hiatal hernia, and pyloroplasty.
The importance of considering both primary and secondary diagnostic codes when using administrative health data to study acute coronary syndrome epidemiology (ANZACS-QI 47)
Authors: Kerr Andrew J , Wang Tom Kai Ming , Jiang Yannan , Grey Corina , Wells Sue , Poppe Katrina K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
Routinely collected health administrative data have become an important data source for investigators assessing disease epidemiology. Our aim was to investigate the implications of identifying acute coronary syndrome (ACS) events in New Zealand (NZ) national hospitalization data using either the first (primary) or subsequent (secondary) codes.

Methods and results
Using national health datasets, we identified all NZ hospitalizations (2014–16) for patients ≥20 years with a primary or secondary International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision, Australian Modification (ICD10-AM) ACS code. Outcomes included 1-year all-cause and cause-specific mortality, hospitalized non-fatal myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, or major bleeding, and a composite comprising these outcomes. Of 35 646 ACS hospitalizations, 78.5% were primary and 21.5% secondary diagnoses. Compared to primary coding, patients with a secondary diagnosis were older (mean 77 vs. 69 years), more likely to be females (48% vs. 36%), had more comorbidity, and were less likely to receive coronary angiography or revascularization. Higher adverse event rates were observed for the secondary diagnosis group including a three-fold higher 1-year mortality (40% vs. 13%) and two-fold higher composite adverse outcome (54% vs. 26%). The use of primary codes alone, rather than combined primary and secondary codes, resulted in overestimation of coronary angiography and revascularization rates, and underestimation of the 1-year case fatality (13.1% vs. 19.0%) and composite adverse event rate (26% vs. 32%).

Conclusion
Patient characteristics and outcomes of ACS events recorded as primary vs. secondary codes are very different. These findings have important implications for designing studies utilizing ICD10-AM codes.
Occupational asbestos exposure after the ban: a job exposure matrix developed in Italy
Authors: Scarselli Alberto , Marinaccio Alessandro , Corfiati Marisa , Di Marzio Davide , Iavicoli Sergio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Asbestos is a well-known carcinogen for humans. The aim of this study is to develop a tool to estimate occupational asbestos exposure in Italy after the ban using information collected in a national dataset.

Methods
Data were collected from firm registries of workers exposed to asbestos in the period 1996–2016. Descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, geometric mean and geometric standard deviation) were calculated for the main exposure-related variables (activity sector, occupational group and exposure period). An estimate of workers potentially exposed to asbestos was also performed.

Results
A total of 19 704 airborne measurements of asbestos exposure was selected from the national database of occupational exposures in the sectors of asbestos abatement. Overall, a geometric mean of 7.93 f l−1 was found, and chrysotile was the asbestos type that had more exposures (41%). A total of 46 422 workers was estimated to be potentially at asbestos exposure risk. Exposure data were summarized by calendar period, activity sector and occupational group.

Conclusions
The construction of a job exposure matrix for different occupation/industry combinations may allow the assessment of occupational exposure to asbestos in several removal and disposal activities, and the estimate of the risks associated with asbestos-related diseases in epidemiological studies.
A prebiotic-enhanced lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNSp) increases Bifidobacterium relative abundance and enhances short-chain fatty acid production in simulated colonic microbiota from undernourished infants
Authors: Toe Laeticia Celine , Kerckhof Frederiek-Maarten , De Bodt Jana , Morel Fanny B , Ouedraogo Jean-Bosco , Kolsteren Patrick , Van de Wiele Tom 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTUndernutrition remains a public health problem in the developing world with an attributable under-five death proportion of 45%. Lower gut microbiota diversity and poor metabolic output are associated with undernutrition and new therapeutic paths may come from steering gut microbiota composition and functionality. Using a dynamic gut model, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®), we investigated the effect of a lipid-based nutrient supplement enriched with prebiotics (LNSp), compared to LNS alone and control treatment, on the composition and metabolic functionality of fecal microbiota from three infants suffering from undernutrition. LNS elicited a significant increase in acetate and branched-chain fatty acid production, and a higher relative abundance of the genera Prevotella, Megasphaera, Acinetobacter, Acidaminococcus and Pseudomonas. In contrast, LNSp treatment resulted in a significant 9-fold increase in Bifidobacterium relative abundance and a decrease in that of potential pathogens and detrimental bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae spp. and Bilophila sp. Moreover, the LNSp treatment resulted in a significantly higher production of acetate, butyrate and propionate, as compared to control and LNS. Our results suggest that provision of prebiotic-enhanced LNS to undernourished children could be a possible strategy to steer the microbiota toward a more beneficial composition and metabolic activity. Further in vivo investigations are needed to assess these effects and their repercussion on nutritional status.
The events that may contribute to subgingival dysbiosis: a focus on the interplay between iron, sulfide and oxygen
Authors: Chathoth Kanchana , Martin Bénédicte , Cornelis Pierre , Yvenou Stéven , Bonnaure-Mallet Martine , Baysse Christine 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
This minireview considers the disruption of the host–microbiota harmless symbiosis in the subgingival niche. The establishment of a chronic infection by subversion of a commensal microbiota results from a complex and multiparametric sequence of events. This review narrows down to the interplay between oxygen, iron and sulfide that can result in a vicious cycle that would favor peroxygenic and glutathione producing streptococci as well as sulfidogenic anaerobic pathogens in the subgingival niche. We propose hypothesis and discuss strategies for the therapeutic modulation of the microbiota to prevent periodontitis and promote oral health.
A physically based model for the electrical conductivity of partially saturated porous media
Authors: Thanh Luong Duy , Jougnot Damien , Van Do Phan , A Nguyen Van Nghia , Tuyen Vu Phi , Ca Nguyen Xuan , Hien Nguyen Thi 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARY
In reservoir and environmental studies, the geological material characterization is often done by measuring its electrical conductivity. Its main interest is due to its sensitivity to physical properties of porous media (i.e. structure, water content, or fluid composition). Its quantitative use therefore depends on the efficiency of the theoretical models to link them. In this study, we develop a new physically based model that takes into account the surface conductivity for estimating electrical conductivity of porous media under partially saturated conditions. The proposed model is expressed in terms of electrical conductivity of the pore fluid, water saturation, critical water saturation and microstructural parameters such as the minimum and maximum pore/capillary radii, the pore fractal dimension, the tortuosity fractal dimension and the porosity. Factors influencing the electrical conductivity in porous media are also analysed. From the proposed model, we obtain an expression for the relative electrical conductivity that is consistent with other models in literature. The model predictions are successfully compared with published experimental data for different types of porous media. The new physically based model for electrical conductivity opens up new possibilities to characterize porous media under partially saturated conditions with geoelectrical and electromagnetic techniques.