bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grundtvig til undervisningsbrug
Authors: Michelsen William 
Published: September 2020

Grundtvig for teaching purposes.N. F. S. Grundtvig: Tre Danne-Virke-artikler. Aarhus 1972. Studieserien, published by the Danish Teachers’ Association: Grundtvig og det folkelige (by Marianne Ju h l Christiansen and Lise Ettrup), Organisme tanken (by Aage Henriksen) and Tværsnit 1870 (by Peter Søby Kristensen). Copenhagen 1972 and 1973. Reviewed by W illiam Michelsen. These booklets show that it is not only Grundtvig’s best-known hymns and poems which are used for teaching purposes, but also the prose he wrote as a critic and a speaker. In the booklet about Grundtvig and the people, there is furthermore a definition of the idea of »det folkelige« (what pertains to the people), which accords with Grundtvig’s own ideas and which is supported by the texts that follow, which also include his imitators and critics.There is no doubt at all that Grundtvig regarded the people - the individual nation - as a living organism developing in a comparable manner to the individual human being. In this respect he was a romantic and can - in a way – be counted among the thinkers who suscribed to the »organism idea«, as Aage Henriksen expresses it. But when this idea is traced back to Spinoza and carried forward to Hegel, Marx and Freud, one must nevertheless protest against Grundtvig - along with Henrich Steffens and Paul Diderichsen - being the only Danish representative, from whose works a passage is quoted (from October 1810 – see Grundtvig-Studier 1956). He was in reality (from December 1810) an opponent of the whole of this school of thought, apart from in his acceptance of the idea of the people as an organism.
Grundtvigs vej til de Norrøne skrifter
Authors: Albeck Gustav 
Published: September 2020

How Grundtvig Found His Way to the leelandie Manuseripts .By Gustav Albeek.In his hook "Grundtvig som filolog" Helge Toldberg has suggested that Grundtvig found his way indepently to the old Nothern (Icelandic) language, and it was he who led the friend of his youth, P. N. Skovgaard, to the old Northem litterature, these important sources of the history and mythology of the Ancient North.This is, however, in conflict with what Grundtvig him self says of his re­lations with Skovgaard, as he depicts them at different periods in his life. An analysis of the contemporary source material, and chiefly of Grundt­ vig's diaries and !etters, also shows that Toldherg's thesis is incorrect. In his youth Grundtvig was not interested in the study of sources. He was simply seeking material for his poetry and his mythological speculations, and was getting advice all the time from Skovgaard, who knew much more about the subject. Only gradually did Grundtvig find himself forced into taking up a real study of the sources and learning Old lcelandic. During his last year on Langeland - 1807-8 - he became aware -thanks again to Skovgaard - of the necessity of studying the Mss. In conseqvence of the war with England, these could not be sent to Langeland. Grundtvig's departure from the island in April, 1808, was therefore also hastened by his growing desire to get to work on the study of the ancient Mss. in Copenhagen. Skovgaard, however , having come under the ban of the litterary Censorship, had to give up his studies and leave Cophenhagen, while his pupil, Grundtvig, was able to con­ tinue his studies and win himself international fame for his studies of manu­ script sources (especially his work on Beawulf).
Reindeer fidelity to high quality winter pastures outcompete power line barrier effects
Authors: Reimers Eigil , Eftestøl Sindre , Tsegaye Diress , Granum Knut 
Published: September 2020

We investigated barrier effects of a 66 kV power line established in 1966 before and after the line was upgraded to 132 kV in 2004 over a period of 44 years (1974-2017) in the North Ottadalen wild reindeer area (3245 km2) of which 1038 km2 are in use as winter pastures. The power line transects a peninsula (135 km2) with high quality winter pastures in the southeast periphery. The reindeer population originated from a nucleus herd of 402 animals of domestic origin released in the area in 1964-1965 and 100 resident wild animals. Yearly winter survey started in 1974 and reindeer were first surveyed south of the 66 kV power line in 1982. Comparing the number of animals recorded in the peninsula vs. the number of individuals expected relative to available grazing area during the three periods (1974-2004, 1982-2004 and 2005-2017), the number of animals recorded in the peninsula was 3.6–4.9 times higher than expected. Since the upgrade of the power line, a substantial part of the reindeer population grazed in the peninsula every year. We therefore conclude that there was no long-term barrier effect from the original power line and no barrier effects at all from the upgrade. However, during the first 5 surveys of this study, there were no animals in the peninsula. Therefore, even if there are several possible reasons for this, we cannot exclude the possibility of short-term barrier effects resulting from the construction of the original power line. Our results support recent studies that report no effects from existing power lines and contrast some previous findings that have reported strong long-term barrier and avoidance effects of such infrastructure for Rangifer migration and grazing behaviour.
Layered and Heterostructured Pd/PdWCr Sheet‐Assembled Nanoflowers as Highly Active and Stable Electrocatalysts for Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Lian Ying , Wang Fengqian , Wang Shuo , Huang Haowei , Meng Xiaomin , Ouyang Yirui , Yuan Weiyong , Guo Chun Xian , Li Chang Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnique layered and heterostructured Pd/PdWCr nanosheet‐assembled flowers (L‐Pd/PdWCr) are successfully synthesized, resulting in the most negative onset potential (up to −0.174 V vs SCE) for formic acid oxidation among all reported Pd‐based electrocatalysts. It has 4.3‐times higher catalytic peak current density and better stability than that of the commercial Pd/C. The catalytic enhancement mechanism is mainly due to the synergetic effect of the layered and heterostructures of the Pd/PdWCr nanosheet. The W‐ and Cr‐tailored Pd/PdWCr heterostructures optimize the electronic structure of Pd with suitable binding energy to reduce the charge‐transfer resistance. Moreover, the layered nanosheet‐assembled flowers provide easily accessible large surface area and rapid mass transport path. The great stability can be attributed to the reduced total free energy resulting from the layered structure and the highly stable structure formed by the cross‐linked flower skeleton and suppressed Pd dissolution with W and Cr. This work provides an inexpensive, highly active, and stable anode electrocatalyst for direct formic acid fuel cells while demonstrating a method to synthesize layer‐structured metal alloy catalysts.
Highly Efficient Organic Photovoltaics Enhanced Using Organic Passivation Layer Vacuum Deposition
Authors: Lee Byongkyu , Jeong Seonghun , Cho Yongjoon , Jeong Mingyu , Lee Sang Myeon , Oh Jiyeon , Yang Changduk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite the tremendous development of various high‐performing photoactive layers in organic photovoltaic (OPVs) cells, improving their performance remains the most important challenge in the field. Here, an effective and compatible strategy (i.e., the concept of vacuum deposition of an organic passivation layer (OPL) on the photoactive layer) is presented to enhance the efficiency of the state‐of‐the‐art photoactive systems, where easy‐deposition processable T2‐ORH and T2‐CNORH OPLs are used. After the deposition process, T2‐ORH forms 2D‐like edge‐on crystalline structure, and the 3D‐like face‐on crystalline growth is induced in T2‐CNORH. Resulting from its relatively higher crystalline features and increased wettability with the cathode interfacial material, the performance of T2‐CNORH‐deposited OPVs with both small and the scaled‐up areas surpass devices without OPL and with T2‐ORH. Experimental studies are conducted linking conductivity, electroluminescence quantum efficiency, carrier transport, and recombination dynamics to find the reasons for the performance difference. Furthermore, by applying the T2‐CNORH to other photoactive platforms, the efficiencies are enhanced by 4.4–9.0% relative to those of the corresponding control devices; an optimal 16.4% efficiency is achieved, which validates its great applicability for photoactive layers that will be developed in the near future.
Harvest management and genotype effects on sunn hemp forage characteristics
Authors: Garzon Jaime , Vendramini Joao M. B. , Silveira Maria L. , Moriel Philipe , da Silva Hiran M. S. , Dubeux Jose Carlos B. , Kaneko Makoto , Carnelos Caio C. , Mamede Pedro A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is an annual legume widely used as cover crop; however, there is potential to use it as forage. The objective of this study was to evaluate forage characteristics of five sunn hemp genotypes (herbage accumulation, nutritive value, N fixation, and nematode control), and beef heifer responses (intake and digestibility) to sunn hemp dietary inclusion. Two experiments were conducted at Ona, FL in 2016 and 2017. In Experiment 1, treatments were the factorial arrangement of five sunn hemp genotypes (AU Golden, Crescent Sunn, Ubon, Blue Leaf and Red Mini) and two harvesting time (60 d after seeding or flowering) in a randomized complete block design. In Experiment 2, treatments were 100% sun hemp hay, 50% sunn hemp–50% bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] hay, or 100% bermudagrass hay diets distributed in a completely randomized design. In Experiment 1, Crescent Sunn had the greatest herbage accumulation [15.2 Mg dry matter (DM) ha−1], N fixation (81 kg N ha−1), and nematode control (80% reduction). AU Golden had the greatest crude protein concentration at 60 d after seeding and flowering (155 and 162 g kg−1, respectively). In Experiment 2, increasing the proportion of sunn hemp in the diet decreased total forage DM intake (1.6, 1.4, and 1.2 as a % bodyweight with 0, 50, and 100% sunn hemp inclusion). Sunn hemp harvested 60 d after seeding is adequate to meet the nutritional requirements of most beef cattle categories but the genotype choice affects herbage accumulation and nutritive value.
Pathogenic variant in NFIX gene affecting three sisters due to paternal mosaicism
Authors: Sihombing Nydia Rena Benita , Winarni Tri Indah , van Bokhoven Hans , van der Burgt Ineke , de Leeuw Nicole , Faradz Sultana M. H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a family with three girls presenting similar dysmorphic features, including overgrowth, intellectual disability, macrocephaly, prominent forehead, midface retrusion, strabismus, and scoliosis. Both parents were unaffected, suggesting the presence of an autosomal recessive syndrome. Following exome sequencing, a heterozygous nonsense variant was identified in the NFIX gene in all three siblings. The father appeared to have a low‐grade (7%) mosaicism for this variant in his blood. Previously, de novo pathogenic variants in NFIX have been identified in Marshall–Smith syndrome and Malan syndrome, which share distinctive phenotypic features shared with the patients of the present family. This case emphasizes the importance of further molecular analysis especially in familial cases, to exclude the possibility of parental mosaicism.
Primate and wildlife law outreach campaigns in the Republic of Congo: Assessing knowledge gain of school children in urban centers compared to rural villages
Authors: Breuer Thomas , Londza Yves , Mavinga Franck B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrimate populations are declining throughout tropical Africa. Great apes are threatened from extinction despite the existence of wildlife laws that fully protect them in their range states. But, due to a lack of knowledge and understanding of these laws, they remain largely ineffective. There is, therefore, a crucial need to improve awareness of wildlife laws in Congo. We conducted an education campaign and tested the effectiveness of two communication tools (wildlife law flyer and gorilla/pet‐trade comic book) in increasing school children's knowledge in rural and urban settings using evaluation questionnaires. We found extremely low precampaign knowledge of wildlife laws but detected a moderate increase of knowledge attributed to our communication tools. We discuss the usefulness of different communication tools and their relevance for knowledge increase with different audiences. Our study provides insights into the design of education campaigns, most notably the use of flyers and booklets, which can help to increase knowledge. Evaluations can help to improve the design of education campaigns, particularly message wording and identification of appropriate communication tools with the goal of improving compliance with wildlife laws.
Restoring wetland biodiversity using research: Whole‐community facilitation by beaver as framework
Authors: Nummi Petri , Holopainen Sari 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Wetlands are declining worldwide, and there is a great need for their restoration and creation. One natural agent of wetland engineering is beavers, Castor spp., which have returned or are returning to many parts of their former range.

We initially studied the facilitative effect of the beaver Castor canadensis on a waterbird community consisting of three waders and four ducks in boreal wetlands in southern Finland. Both waterbird species diversity and abundance increased when beavers impounded a pond. Common teal Anas crecca and green sandpiper Tringa ochropus were the species showing the most positive numerical response, but the other five species also increased upon flooding.

This article evaluates how the results of the study have been used in management, both in theory and practice. The whole‐community facilitation concept has been taken up in numerous articles considering the restorative effects of beavers. It has also been used as ecological background when planning and executing man‐made wetland projects in Finland within both the public and the private sectors.

Our study and its publication in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems have set a foundation for further evidence‐based management of waterbird communities. As the results show, having beavers as wetland managers is a feasible tool for creating and restoring wetlands for waterbirds and other biota. Moreover, wetland restoration projects are becoming more popular endeavours, owing to an understanding of the diverse benefits of wetlands. Flooding by beavers is used as a model for managers when creating man‐made wetlands; for example, in urban areas where it is difficult to maintain beavers.
Short‐Term Memory Span and Cross‐Modality Integration in Younger and Older Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ring Melanie , Guillery‐Girard Bérengère , Quinette Peggy , Gaigg Sebastian B. , Bowler Dermot M. 
Published: September 2020

This study tested whether adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show the same pattern of difficulties and absence of age‐related differences in short‐term memory (STM) as those that have been reported in episodic long‐term memory (LTM). Fifty‐three adults with ASD (age range: 25–65 years) were compared to 52 age‐, biological sex‐, and intelligence‐matched typically developing (TD; age range: 21–67 years) adults on three STM span tasks, which tested STM performance for letters (Verbal), grid locations (Visuospatial), or letters in grid locations (Multimodal). A subsample of 34 TD and 33 ASD participants ranging in age from 25 to 64 years completed a fourth Multimodal Integration task. We also administered theColor Trails Testas a measure of executive function. ASD participants' accuracy was lower than that of the TD participants on the three span tasks (Cohen'sd: 0.26–0.50). The Integration task difference was marginally significant (p= .07) but had a moderate effect size (Cohen'sd= 0.50). Regression analyses confirmed reduced STM performance only for older TD participants. Analyses also indicated that executive processes played a greater role in the ASD group's performance. The demonstration of similar difficulties and age‐related patterning of STM in ASD to those documented for LTM and the greater recruitment of executive processes by older ASD participants on the Integration task suggest a compensatory role of frontal processes both as a means of achieving undiminished task performance and as a possible protection against older age cognitive decline in ASD. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm this.Autism Res2020, 13: 1970‐1984. © 2020 The Authors.Autism Researchpublished by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.Lay SummaryLittle is known about short‐term memory (STM) in younger and older adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study tested different kinds of STM and showed that ASD adults remembered shorter sequences of letters, crosses, or letters in grid cells less well than matched participants with typical development. However, older ASD individuals performed similarly to younger ASD individuals, nor showing the reduction in performance usually seen with older age. The data suggest that ASD individuals use different underlying mechanisms when performing the tasks and that this might help protect their memory as they grow older.
The clinical value and potential molecular mechanism of the downregulation of MAOA in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues
Authors: Pang Yu‐Yan , Li Jian‐Di , Gao Li , Yang Xia , Dang Yi‐Wu , Lai Ze‐Feng , Liu Li‐Min , Yang Jie , Wu Hua‐Yu , He Rong‐Quan , Huang Zhi‐Guang , Xiong Dan‐Dan , Yang Li‐Hua , Shi Lin , Mo Wei‐Jia , Tang Deng , Lu Hui‐Ping , Chen Gang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most common cancers worldwide and tends to be detected at an advanced stage. More effective biomarkers for HCC screening and prognosis assessment are needed and the mechanisms of HCC require further exploration. The role of MAOA in HCC has not been intensively investigated.MethodsIn‐house tissue microarrays, genechips, and RNAsequencing datasets were integrated to explore the expression status and the clinical value of MAOA in HCC. Immunohistochemical staining was utilized to determine MAOA protein expression. Intersection genes of MAOA related co‐expressed genes and differentially expressed genes were obtained to perform functional enrichment analyses. In vivo experiment was conducted to study the impact of traditional Chinese medicine nitidine chloride (NC) on MAOA in HCC.ResultsMAOA was downregulated and possessed an excellent discriminatory capability in HCC patients. Decreased MAOA correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Downregulated MAOA protein was relevant to an advanced TNM stage in HCC patients. Co‐expressed genes that positively related to MAOA were clustered in chemical carcinogenesis, where CYP2E1 was identified as the hub gene. In vivo experiment showed that nitidine chloride significantly upregulated MAOA in a nude mouse HCC model.ConclusionsA decreased MAOA level is not only correlated with aggressive behaviors in males but also serves as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC patients. Moreover, MAOA may play a role in AFB1 toxic transformation through its synergistic action with co‐expressed genes, especially CYP3A4. MAOA also serves as a potential therapy target of NC in HCC patients.
Identification through education: Exploring the effects of adult education on national and ethnic identification of people with migration background in Germany
Authors: Granderath Julia S. , Martin Andreas , Froehlich Laura , Stürmer Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEducation is often targeted as a key resource for integration of people with migration background. A silent assumption in many discussions is that beyond formal education, adult learning and education (ALE) also fosters integration, especially higher psychological identification with the receiving society. Still, empirical evidence testing this assumption is rare. To address this issue, the present study investigates the effect of ALE participation on national and ethnic identification of people with migration background in a longitudinal design. The study uses data from the adult starting cohort of the German National Educational Panel Study with a sample size of N = 799 individuals. Structural equation model consisting of true intra‐individual change models and a general propensity score are applied. We find no significant effect of ALE participation on neither national identification nor ethnic identification. However, we find a significant positive association between a change in national identification and a change in ethnic identification over time: An increase in national identification over time is associated with an increase in ethnic identification over time, supporting the idea of the integration strategy being pursued in Germany.
Biological Evaluation of Essential Oils from Selected Medicinal Plants and Their Main Components against Phytomonas davidi (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatidae)
Authors: Guzmán María , González‐Coloma Azucena , Fe Andrés María , Navarro‐Rocha Juliana , Martínez‐Díaz Rafael A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEight essential oils (EOs) from selected medicinal plants have been tested for their activity against Phytomonas davidi, a plant trypanosomal parasite. In the present research, the EOs have been tested on promastigote forms of P. davidi ATCC® 30287™ strain, along with their major components, both separately and in binary combinations, using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. The EOs with the highest antipromastigote activity were from Origanum virens and Salvia lavandulifolia. Thymol and β‐pinene were the most active pure compounds. The study of the activity of the pure compounds in combination indicated the existence of antagonistic and synergistic effects depending on the concentration tested. In general, the combinations at low concentrations favored the activity.
Neonatal small bowel perforation in ileal atresia in a low resource setting: A case report
Authors: Ronald Okidi , Erick Odwar , Diana Aber Lucy , Violah Nahurira , David Komakech 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJejunoileal atresia is a common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction with high mortality and morbidity in a low resource setting where surgical care is lacking. Herein, a 4‐day‐old presented with features of acute abdomen and septicemia, managed with ileostomy diversion, and recovered uneventfully.
Adrenal crisis precipitated by influenza A led to the diagnosis of Sheehan's syndrome 18 years after postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Taniguchi Jumpei , Sugawara Hitoshi , Yamada Hodaka , Yoshida Katsuyuki , Kurihara Ibuki , Yoshida Masashi , Ishii Akira , Fukuchi Takahiko , Fujimoto Wilfred Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhysicians must recognize and treat adrenal crisis that may occur with acute viral illnesses such as influenza in women with Sheehan’s syndrome that has been undiagnosed and hence untreated, sometimes for many years, after postpartum hemorrhage.