bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous compared to interval administration of mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion up to 10+0weeks' gestation: a systematic review with meta-analyses
Authors: Schmidt-Hansen Mia , Lord Jonathan , Hasler Elise , Cameron Sharon 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundMedical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol usually involves an interval of 36–48 hours between administering these drugs; however, it is possible that the clinical efficacy at early gestations may be maintained when the drugs are taken simultaneously. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the safety and effectiveness of simultaneous compared with interval administration of mifepristone and misoprostol for abortion up to 10+0weeks’ gestation.MethodsWe searched Embase Classic, Embase; Ovid MEDLINE(R) including Daily, and Epub Ahead-of-Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations; and Cochrane Library on 11 December 2019. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), published in English from 1985, comparing simultaneous to interval administration of mifepristone and misoprostol for early abortion. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration checklist for RCTs. Meta-analysis of risk ratios (RRs) using the Mantel-Haenszel method were performed. The quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE.ResultsMeta-analyses of three RCTs (n=1280) showed no differences in ‘ongoing pregnancy’ (RR 1.78, 95% CI 0.38 to 8.36), ‘haemorrhage requiring transfusion or ≥500 mL blood loss’ (RR 0.11, 95% CI 0.01 to 2.03) and ‘incomplete abortion with the need for surgical intervention’ (RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.25) between the interventions. Individual study results showed no difference in patient satisfaction, or ‘need for repeat misoprostol’, although ‘time to onset of bleeding or cramping’ was longer after simultaneous than interval administration. The quality of evidence was very low to moderate.ConclusionThe published data support the use of simultaneous mifepristone and misoprostol for medical abortion up to 9+0weeks in women who prefer this method of administration.
Trust and consent: a prospective study on parents’ perspective during a neonatal trial
Authors: Dahan Sonia , Jung Camille , Dassieu Gilles , Durrmeyer Xavier , Caeymaex Laurence 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe how parents and physicians experienced the informed consent interview and to investigate the aspects of the relationship that influenced parents’ decision during the consent process for a randomised clinical trial in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The secondary objective was to describe the perspectives of parents and physicians in the specific situation of prenatal informed consent.SettingSingle centre study in NICU of the Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, France, using a convenience period from February to May 2016.DesignAncillary study to a randomised clinical trial: Prettineo. Records of interviews for consent. Population: parents and physicians. Mixed study including qualitative and quantitative interview data about participants’ recall and feelings about the consent process. Interviews were reviewed using thematic discourse analysis.ResultsParents’ recall and understanding of the study’s main goal and design was good. Parents and physicians had a positive experience, and trust was one of the main reasons for parents to consent. Misunderstanding (bad comprehension) was the main reason for refusal.Before birth, three situations can compromise parents’ consent: the mother already consented to participate in other studies, the absence of the father during the interview and the feeling that the baby’s birth is not an imminent possibility.ConclusionsConfronting parents and physicians’ perspectives in research can help us reach answers to sensitive issues such as content and timing of information. Each different types of study raises different ethical dilemmas for consent that might be discussed in a more individual way.
Self-reported and objectively measured physical activity in people with and without chronic heart failure: UK Biobank analysis
Authors: O'Donnell Johanna , Smith-Byrne Karl , Velardo Carmelo , Conrad Nathalie , Salimi-Khorshidi Gholamreza , Doherty Aiden , Dwyer Terence , Tarassenko Lionel , Rahimi Kazem 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe impact of heart failure (HF) on perceived and objectively measured levels of physical activity (PA) can inform risk stratification and treatment recommendation. We aimed to compare self-reported and objectively measured PA levels in a large sample of participants with and without HF.MethodsA validated PA questionnaire was used to estimate self-reported weekly PA among 1600 participants with HF and 387 580 participants without HF. Accelerometer data were studied in 596 participants with HF and 96 105 participants without HF for a period of 7 days. Using multivariable linear regression models, we compared the PA levels between participants with HF and without HF, focusing on both the average daily PA levels and the intensity of PAs throughout the day.ResultsPA levels were significantly lower in participants with HF using both self-report (excess metabolic equivalent of task hours per week of 26.5 (95% CI 24.7 to 28.4) vs 34.7 (95% CI 34.5 to 34.9), respectively (p<0.001)) and accelerometer measures (mean accelerations of 23.7 milligravity (95% CI 23.1 to 24.4) vs 28.1 milligravity (95% CI 28.0 to 28.1), respectively (p<0.001)). Findings were consistent across different PA intensities. Hour-by-hour comparisons showed that accelerometer-derived PA levels of patients with HF were reduced throughout the day.ConclusionPerceived and objectively recorded PA levels of patients with chronic HF are significantly lower than those of individuals without HF. This difference is continuous throughout the different hours of the day, with individuals with HF being on average 16% less active than individuals without HF. In patients with HF, increases in everyday activity may be a potential alternative to structured exercise programmes.
Evaluation of ultrasound-guided rhomboid intercostal nerve block for postoperative analgesia in breast cancer surgery: a prospective, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Altıparmak Başak , Korkmaz Toker Melike , Uysal Ali Ihsan , Dere Özcan , Uğur Bakiye 
Published: February 2020

Background and objectivesMastectomy has many potential sources of pain. Rhomboid intercostal block (RIB) is a recently described plane block. The primary hypothesis of the study is that ultrasound-guided RIB combined with general anesthesia would accelerate global quality of recovery scores of patients following mastectomy surgery. Secondary hypothesis is that RIB would reduce postoperative opioid consumption, pain scores, and the need for rescue analgesia.MethodsPatients aged between 18 and 70 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II and scheduled for an elective unilateral modified radical mastectomy surgery with axillary lymph node dissection were enrolled to the study. Following endotracheal intubation, patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Patients in the first group (group R) received ultrasound-guided RIB with 30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine. In the control group (group C), no block intervention was applied. All patients received intravenous dexamethasone 8 mg, dexketoprofen trometamol 50 mg intraoperatively and tramadol 1 mg/kg 30 min before the end of surgery for postoperative analgesia. All patients received intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia device at the arrival to the recovery room.ResultsThe descriptive variables of the patients were comparable between group R and group C. Mean quality of recovery-40 score at 24 hours was 164.8±3.9 in group R and 153.5±5.2 in group C (mean difference 11.4 (95% CI 8.8 to 13.9; p<0.001). At 24th hour, median morphine consumption was 5 mg (IQR 4–7 mg) in group R and 10 mg (IQR 8–13 mg) in group C, p<0.001. Intraoperative fentanyl administration, pain scores and the need for rescue postoperative analgesia was similar between groups.ConclusionsIn the current study, ultrasound-guided RIB promoted enhanced recovery and decreased opioid consumption after mastectomy surgery.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000879167.
Antibiotic use in goats: role of experience and education of Missouri veterinarians
Authors: Landfried Lauren , Pithua Patrick , Lewis Roger D , Rigdon Steven , Jacoby Jonathan , King Christopher C , Barnidge Ellen K , Baskin Carole R 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundIn a previous study, we found that rates of antibiotic residues in goat carcasses in Missouri were three times the published national average, warranting further research in this area.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of goat veterinarians to determine attitudes and practices regarding antibiotics, recruiting 725 veterinarians listed on the American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners (AASRP) website and 64 Missouri Veterinary Medical Association (MVMA) veterinarians.ResultsWe collected 189 responses (26.1%) from AASRP members (170 valid) and 8 (12.5%) from MVMA veterinarians totalling 178 responses. While the vast majority of all veterinarians indicated that they prescribed antibiotics less than half of the time, Missouri veterinarians indicated that they spent more time treating goats for overt disease like intestinal parasites and less time on proactive practices such as reproductive herd health management comparatively. While veterinarians agreed that antibiotic resistance was a growing concern, veterinarians outside of Missouri seemed more confident that their own prescription practices was not a contributor. Although nationally most veterinarians felt that attending continuing education classes was beneficial, 73.4% in other states attended classes on antibiotic use compared to only four of the nine Missouri veterinarians.ConclusionMissouri veterinarians had less veterinary experience than veterinarians in other states, and this, in conjunction with low continuing education requirements in Missouri relative to most other states, may hinder development of more proactive and effective client–veterinary relationships.
First application of the Oslo method in inverse kinematics
Authors: Ingeberg V. W. , Siem S. , Wiedeking M. , Sieja K. , Bleuel D. L. , Brits C. P. , Bucher T. D. , Dinoko T. S. , Easton J. L. , Görgen A. , Guttormsen M. , Jones P. , Kheswa B. V. , Khumalo N. A. , Larsen A. C. , Lawrie E. A. , Lawrie J. J. , Majola S. N. T. , Malatji K. L. , Makhathini L. , Maqabuka B. , Negi D. , Noncolela S. P. , Papka P. , Sahin E. , Schwengner R. , Tveten G. M. , Zeiser F. , Zikhali B. R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe $$\gamma $$γ-ray strength function ($$\gamma $$γSF) and nuclear level density (NLD) have been extracted for the first time from inverse kinematic reactions with the Oslo method. This novel technique allows measurements of these properties across a wide range of previously inaccessible nuclei. Proton–$$\gamma $$γ coincidence events from the $$\mathrm {d}(^{86}\mathrm {Kr}, \mathrm {p}\gamma )^{87}\mathrm {Kr}$$d(86Kr,pγ)87Kr reaction were measured at iThemba LABS and the $$\gamma $$γSF and NLD in $$^{87}\mathrm {Kr}$$87Kr was obtained. The low-energy region of the $$\gamma $$γSF is compared to shell-model calculations, which suggest this region to be dominated by M1 strength. The $$\gamma $$γSF and NLD are used as input parameters to Hauser–Feshbach calculations to constrain $$(\mathrm {n},\gamma )$$(n,γ) cross sections of nuclei using the TALYS reaction code. These results are compared to $$^{86}\mathrm {Kr}(n,\gamma )$$86Kr(n,γ) data from direct measurements.
Evidence for octupole collectivity in $$^{172}{\mathrm {Pt}}$$
Authors: Ertoprak A. , Cederwall B. , Qi C. , Aktas Ö. , Doncel M. , Hadinia B. , Liotta R. , Sandzelius M. , Scholey C. , Andgren K. , Bäck T. , Badran H. , Braunroth T. , Calverley T. , Cox D. M. , Cullen D. M. , Fang Y. D. , Ganioğlu E. , Giles M. , Gomez Hornillos M. B. , Grahn T. , Greenlees P. T. , Hilton J. , Hodge D. , Ideguchi E. , Jakobsson U. , Johnson A. , Jones P. M. , Julin R. , Juutinen S. , Ketelhut S. , Khaplanov A. , Kumar Raju M. , Leino M. , Li H. , Liu H. , Matta S. , Modamio V. , Nara Singh B. S. , Niikura M. , Nyman M. , Özgür I. , Page R. D. , Pakarinen J. , Papadakis P. , Partanen J. , Paul E. S. , Petrache C. M. , Peura P. , Rahkila P. , Ruotsalainen P. , Sarén J. , Sorri J. , Stolze S. , Subramaniam P. , Taylor M. J. , Uusitalo J. , Valiente-Dobón J. J. , Wyss R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExcited states in the extremely neutron-deficient nucleus $$^{172}{\mathrm {Pt}}$$172Pt were populated via $$^{96}\mathrm {Ru}(^{78}\mathrm {Kr},2p)$$96Ru(78Kr,2p) and $$^{92}\mathrm {Mo}(^{83}\mathrm {Kr},3n)$$92Mo(83Kr,3n) reactions. The level scheme has been extended up to an excitation energy of $$\approx 5~\hbox {MeV}$$≈5MeV and tentative spin-parity assignments up to $$I^\pi = 18^+$$Iπ=18+. Linear polarization and angular distribution measurements were used to determine the electromagnetic E1 character of the dipole transitions connecting the positive-parity ground-state band with an excited side-band, firmly establishing it as a negative-parity band. The lowest member of this negative-parity structure was firmly assigned spin-parity $$3^-$$3-. In addition, we observed an E3 transition from this $$3^-$$3- state to the ground state, providing direct evidence for octupole collectivity in $$^{172}{\mathrm {Pt}}$$172Pt. Large-scale shell model (LSSM) and total Routhian surface (TRS) calculations have been performed, supporting the interpretation of the $$3^-$$3- state as a collective octupole-vibrational state.
The finite-distance gravitational deflection of massive particles in stationary spacetime: a Jacobi metric approach
Authors: Li Zonghai , Jia Junji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the weak gravitational deflection of relativistic massive particles for a receiver and source at finite distance from the lens in stationary, axisymmetric and asymptotically flat spacetimes. For this purpose, we extend the generalized optical metric method to the generalized Jacobi metric method by using the Jacobi–Maupertuis Randers–Finsler metric. More specifically, we apply the Gauss–Bonnet theorem to the generalized Jacobi metric space and then obtain an expression for calculating the deflection angle, which is related to Gaussian curvature of generalized optical metric and geodesic curvature of particles orbit. In particular, the finite-distance correction to the deflection angle of signal with general velocity in the the Kerr black hole and Teo wormhole spacetimes are considered. Our results cover the previous work of the deflection angle of light, as well as the deflection angle of massive particles in the limit for the receiver and source at infinite distance from the lens object. In Kerr black hole spacetime, we compared the effects due to the black hole spin, the finite-distance of source or receiver, and the relativistic velocity in microlensings and lensing by galaxies. It is found in these cases, the effect of black hole spin is usually a few orders larger than that of the finite-distance and relativistic velocity, while the relative size of the latter two could vary according to the particle velocity, source or observer distance and other lensing parameters.
Testing lepton flavour universality with (semi)-leptonic $$\varvec{D_{(s)}}$$ decays
Authors: Fleischer Robert , Jaarsma Ruben , Koole Gabriël 
Published: February 2020

AbstractData in B-meson decays indicate violations of lepton flavour universality, thereby raising the question about such phenomena in the charm sector. We perform a model-independent analysis of NP contributions in (semi)-leptonic decays of $$D_{(s)}$$D(s) mesons which originate from $$c \rightarrow d \bar{{\ell }} \nu _l$$c→dℓ¯νl and $$c \rightarrow s \bar{{\ell }} \nu _{\ell }$$c→sℓ¯νℓ charged-current interactions. Starting from the most general low-energy effective Hamiltonian containing four-fermion operators and the corresponding short-distance coefficients, we explore the impact of new (pseudo)-scalar, vector and tensor operators and constrain their effects through the interplay with current data. We pay special attention to the elements $$|V_{cd}|$$|Vcd| and $$|V_{cs}|$$|Vcs| of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix and extract them from the $$D_{(s)}$$D(s) decays in the presence of possible NP decay contributions, comparing them with determinations utilizing unitarity. We find a picture in agreement with the Standard Model within the current uncertainties. Using the results from our analysis, we make also predictions for leptonic $$D_{(s)}^+ \rightarrow e^+ \nu _e$$D(s)+→e+νe modes which could be hugely enhanced with respect to their tiny Standard Model branching ratios. It will be interesting to apply our strategy at the future high-precision frontier.
The smallest invariant factor of the multiplicative group
Authors: Chang Ben , Martin Greg 
Published: February 2020

Let [Formula: see text] denote the least invariant factor in the invariant factor decomposition of the multiplicative group [Formula: see text]. We give an asymptotic formula, with order of magnitude [Formula: see text], for the counting function of those integers [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text]. We also give an asymptotic formula, for any even [Formula: see text], for the counting function of those integers [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text]. These results require a version of the Selberg–Delange method whose dependence on certain parameters is made explicit, which we provide in Appendix A. As an application, we give an asymptotic formula for the counting function of those integers [Formula: see text] all of whose prime factors lie in an arbitrary fixed set of reduced residue classes, with implicit constants uniform over all moduli and sets of residue classes.
Menstrual cycle phase does not affect whole body peak fat oxidation rate during a graded exercise test
Authors: Frandsen Jacob , Pistoljevic Nina , Quesada Julia Prats , Amaro-Gahete Francisco José , Ritz Christian , Larsen Steen , Dela Flemming , Helge Jørn W. 
Published: February 2020

Female sex hormones fluctuate in a predictable manner throughout the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women. In studies conducted in both animal and humans, estrogen and progesterone have been found to exert individual metabolic effects during both rest and exercise, suggesting that estrogen may cause an increase in fat oxidation during exercise. However, not all studies find these metabolic changes with the natural physiological variation in the sex hormones. To date, no studies have investigated whether whole body peak fat oxidation rate (PFO) and maximal fat oxidation intensity (FATmax) are affected at different time points [mid-follicular (MF), late-follicular (LF), and mid-luteal (ML)] in the menstrual cycle, where plasma estrogen and progesterone are either at their minimum or maximum. We hypothesized that an increased plasma estrogen concentration together with low progesterone concentration in LF would result in a modest but significant increase in PFO. We found no differences in body weight, body composition, or peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak) between any of the menstrual phases in the 19 healthy, young eumenorrheic women included in this study. PFO [MF: 0.379 (0.324–0.433) g/min; LF: 0.375 (0.329–0.421) g/min; ML: 0.382 (0.337–0.442) g/min; mean ± (95% CI)] and resting plasma free fatty acid concentrations [MF: 392 (293–492) µmol/l; LF: 477 (324–631) µmol/l; ML: 396 (285–508) µmol/L] were also similar across the menstrual cycle phases. Contrary to our hypothesis, we conclude that the naturally occurring fluctuations in the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone do not affect the whole body PFO and FATmax in young eumenorrheic women measured during a graded exercise test. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Menstrual cycle phase does not affect the peak fat oxidation rate during a graded exercise test. Natural physiological fluctuations in estrogen do not increase peak fat oxidation rate. FATmax is not influenced by menstrual cycle phase in healthy, young eumenorrheic women.
What Drives the Intensification of Mesoscale Convective Systems over the West African Sahel under Climate Change?
Authors: Fitzpatrick Rory G. J. , Parker Douglas J. , Marsham John H. , Rowell David P. , Guichard Francoise M. , Taylor Chris M. , Cook Kerry H. , Vizy Edward K. , Jackson Lawrence S. , Finney Declan , Crook Julia , Stratton Rachel , Tucker Simon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtreme rainfall is expected to increase under climate change, carrying potential socioeconomic risks. However, the magnitude of increase is uncertain. Over recent decades, extreme storms over the West African Sahel have increased in frequency, with increased vertical wind shear shown to be a cause. Drier midlevels, stronger cold pools, and increased storm organization have also been observed. Global models do not capture the potential effects of lower- to midtropospheric wind shear or cold pools on storm organization since they parameterize convection. Here we use the first convection-permitting simulations of African climate change to understand how changes in thermodynamics and storm dynamics affect future extreme Sahelian rainfall. The model, which simulates warming associated with representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) until the end of the twenty-first century, projects a 28% increase of the extreme rain rate of MCSs. The Sahel moisture change on average follows Clausius–Clapeyron scaling, but has regional heterogeneity. Rain rates scale with the product of time-of-storm total column water (TCW) and in-storm vertical velocity. Additionally, prestorm wind shear and convective available potential energy both modulate in-storm vertical velocity. Although wind shear affects cloud-top temperatures within our model, it has no direct correlation with precipitation rates. In our model, projected future increase in TCW is the primary explanation for increased rain rates. Finally, although colder cold pools are modeled in the future climate, we see no significant change in near-surface winds, highlighting avenues for future research on convection-permitting modeling of storm dynamics.