bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary fibre intake and its associations with depressive symptoms in a prospective adolescent cohort
Authors: Swann Olivia G. , Breslin Monique , Kilpatrick Michelle , O’Sullivan Therese A. , Mori Trevor A. , Beilin Lawrence J. , Lin Ashleigh , Oddy Wendy H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDepression is a major cause of disability in adolescents. Higher dietary fibre intake has been associated with lower depressive symptoms in adults, but there is a lack of research in adolescents. We examined the association between dietary fibre intake (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) FFQ) and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory for Youth) in adolescents with prospective data from the Raine Study Gen2 14- and 17-year follow-ups (n 1260 and 653). Odds of moderate/extreme (clinically relevant) depressive symptoms by quartile of fibre intake were calculated using mixed-effects logistic regression for all participants, in a paired sample without moderate/extreme depressive symptoms at 14 years and in a sub-sample of participants with available inflammatory data at the ages of 14 and 17 years (n 718 and 547). Odds of moderate/extreme depressive symptoms were lower in the fourth (highest) quartile of overall fibre intake (OR 0·273, 95 % CI 0·09, 0·81) compared with the first (lowest) quartile, adjusting for sex, age, energy intake, adiposity, and family and lifestyle factors. However, further adjustment for dietary patterns attenuated the results. Associations of depressive symptoms with cereal or fruit and vegetable fibre intake were not significant in the final model. Adjustment for inflammation had no effect on OR. The association between a higher dietary fibre intake and lower odds of clinically relevant depressive symptoms may be more reflective of a high-fibre diet with all its accompanying nutrients than of an independent effect of fibre.
Dairy expansion: a case study of spring-calving pasture-based dairy production systems in Ireland
Authors: Ramsbottom G. , Horan B. , Pierce K. M. , Roche J. R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince 1 April 2015, European dairy milk quotas have been removed resulting in the intensification of dairy production within EU countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and economic impacts of the initial intensification undertaken within Irish grazing dairy systems. Physical and financial data for 868 seasonal calving dairy farmers with records for each of the years 2013–2017 inclusive were used in this analysis. All analyses were undertaken using a mixed-model framework in PROC MIXED. The overall level of fat plus protein productivity of studied farms increased by 51% during the 5-year period through a combination of increased production per cow, increased operational scale and system intensification. Overall farm net profit was highly variable between years and was greatest in 2017 (€133 836) and least in 2016 (€65 176). When farms were characterized into milk production expansion quartiles, farms in Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 increased output by +7, +25, +44 and +86%, respectively. Whereas total farm profit (€/farm) declined for Q1 farms between 2013/2014 and 2016/2017 (€−5257; −7%), the greater expansion undertaken in Q2, Q3 and Q4 resulted in increases of €3046 (+4%), €20 810 (+25%) and €51 604 (+62%), respectively. In all strategies studied, farm profit increased due to a combination of increased revenues, increased pasture utilization and a dilution of per unit production costs. Further investigation of the longer term impacts of expansion is merited, not just in terms of economic indicators, but also in terms of environmental and socio-cultural change.
Machiavelli's Principio: Political Renewal and Innovation in the Discourses on Livy
Authors: Arum Eero 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough Machiavelli argues that “return to first principles” is a necessary and perhaps even sufficient condition for counteracting political corruption, few scholars have engaged in a sustained textual analysis of Discourses III.1, the chapter in which he outlines the meaning of this enigmatic concept. Reassessing Machiavelli's exempla in this chapter will reveal that return to first principles consists in the revival of the ethos of innovation and public-spiritedness that accompanies every successful political founding. This process of renewal entails reviving the psychological forces that initially guide human beings to establish new political orders, including fear of violent death and longing for glory. Existing interpretations of D III.1 have tended to emphasize renewal through fear-invoking punishment, neglecting Machiavelli's examples of renewal through exemplary acts of civic virtue. A careful analysis of instruments and agents of return to first principles will illustrate how both spectacular punishment and virtuous acts of self-sacrifice converge to counteract corruption and foster political innovation.
Sensitivity to syntactic violation and semantic ambiguity in English modal verbs: A self-paced reading study
Authors: Mifka-Profozic Nadia , O’Reilly David , Guo Juan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study is, to our knowledge, the first self-paced reading experiment to investigate the effects of syntactic violation and semantic ambiguity on processing English modal auxiliaries. Forty undergraduate students, native speakers of English, took part in the study and read 36 target sentences, each containing a modal verb in context. Two of the most frequent English modals,canandmay, were used in three distinct categories of modal expression: agent-oriented/ability, epistemic possibility, and speaker-oriented/permission. The two modal auxiliaries were manipulated such that they were either congruent or incongruent with the context, or in the case of permission felicitous or infelicitous relative to the context. We found that incongruent modal use in an agent-oriented context resulted in a reading penalty that was observed in a spillover on the segments following the modal and the lexical verb. Incongruent modal use to express epistemic possibility significantly affected reading times immediately after the modal auxiliary, and also spilt over to the following segments. Reading times in sentences expressing speaker-oriented modality were not affected by inconsistency in the use of the modal verb unmarked for formality in a formal context. The substantive and methodological implications of findings are discussed.
Three phases of Gene × Environment interaction research: Theoretical assumptions underlying gene selection
Authors: Zhang Xiaoya , Belsky Jay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSome Gene × Environment interaction (G×E) research has focused upon single candidate genes, whereas other related work has targeted multiple genes (e.g., polygenic scores). Each approach has informed efforts to identify individuals who are either especially vulnerable to the negative effects of contextual adversity (diathesis stress) or especially susceptible to both positive and negative contextual conditions (differential susceptibility). A critical step in all such molecular G×E research is the selection of genetic variants thought to moderate environmental influences, a subject that has not received a great deal of attention in critiques of G×E research (beyond the observation of small effects of individual genes). Here we conceptually distinguish three phases of G×E work based on the selection of genes presumed to moderate environmental effects and the theoretical basis of such decisions: (a) single candidate genes, (b) composited (multiple) candidate genes, and (c) GWAS-derived polygenic scores. This illustrative, not exhaustive, review makes it clear that implicit or explicit theoretical assumptions inform gene selection in ways that have not been clearly articulated or fully appreciated.
Live birth following a single oocyte fertilized with ICSI and embryo transfer on day 2: a case report
Authors: Sciorio Romualdo , Angelaki Elisavet , Al-Azemi Naser 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this report, we present a case of a couple who obtained a live birth with a single oocyte fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The oocyte was collected at 36 h post trigger and was found to be at metaphase II when sperm injection was performed. At 18 h post injection, the oocyte was found to be fertilized with two clear pronuclei. The embryo divided and generated a four-cell embryo on day 2, which was replaced to the uterine cavity. Pregnancy test gave a positive β-human chorionic gonadotropin result, the scan performed at 7 weeks, revealed the presence of one amniotic sac with fetal heartbeat. Healthy live birth was obtained after 39 weeks of gestation.
A Partial Coupling Method to Isolate the Roles of the Atmosphere and Ocean in Coupled Climate Simulations
Authors: Garuba Oluwayemi A. , Rasch Philip J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study describes the formulation and application of a partial coupling method that disentangles the coupling between the atmosphere and ocean and isolates the atmosphere‐ and ocean‐driven components of the coupled climate interactions. In contrast to strategies using stand‐alone simulations with prescribed atmosphere or ocean states, the climate components in the partially coupled method remain coupled, but the impact of ocean circulation changes is removed from the air‐sea interaction using temperature‐like tracers. The partially coupled simulation thereby suppresses the ocean‐driven interaction and isolates an atmosphere‐driven interaction only. The ocean‐driven component can be inferred by comparing climate response in the partially coupled simulation with that of a standard fully coupled one. The partial coupling approach is applied to decompose the fully coupled climate response to CO2 quadrupling into atmosphere‐ and ocean‐driven components. The linearity of the decomposition is validated by simulating the ocean‐driven response using another complimentary partially coupled simulation forced only with the atmosphere‐driven anomalous surface fluxes. A comparison of the two partially coupled simulations with the fully coupled simulation indicates that the sum of the atmosphere‐ and ocean‐driven components accurately describes the fully coupled response. The decomposition identifies several robust atmosphere‐ and ocean‐driven features of the global warming and provides new insights into the impacts of atmospheric feedbacks on the Atlantic overturning circulation and sea ice response to CO2 increase.
Ocean Ammonia Outgassing: Modulation by CO2 and Anthropogenic Nitrogen Deposition
Authors: Paulot Fabien , Stock Charles , John Jasmin G. , Zadeh Niki , Horowitz Larry W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe imprint of anthropogenic activities on the marine nitrogen (N) cycle remains challenging to represent in global models, in part because of uncertainties regarding the source of marine N to the atmosphere. While N inputs of terrestrial origin present a truly external perturbation, a significant fraction of N deposition over the ocean arises from oceanic ammonia (NH3) outgassing that is subsequently deposited in other ocean regions. Here, we describe advances in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's (GFDL) Earth System Model 4 (ESM4.1) aimed at improving the representation of the exchange of N between atmosphere and ocean and its response to changes in ocean acidity and N deposition. We find that the simulated present‐day NH3 outgassing (3.1 TgN yr−1) is 7% lower than under preindustrial conditions, which reflects the compensating effects of increasing CO2 (−16%) and N enrichment of ocean waters (+9%). This change is spatially heterogeneous, with decreases in the open ocean (−13%) and increases in coastal regions (+15%) dominated by coastal N enrichment. The ocean outgassing of ammonia is shown to increase the transport of N from N‐rich to N‐poor ocean regions, where carbon export at 100 m increases by 0.5%. The implications of the strong response of NH3 ocean outgassing to CO2 for the budget of NH3 in the remote marine atmosphere and its imprint in ice cores are discussed.
Permeability Hysteresis From Microchannels Opening During Dissolution/Reprecipitation Cycle
Authors: Lesueur Martin , Poulet Thomas , Veveakis Manolis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPermeability is a critical parameter for geological resources characterization. Its evolution with respect to porosity is particularly interesting and many research initiatives focus on deriving such relationships, to understand some hydraulic impacts of microstructure alteration. Permeability evolution from chemical reactions, for instance, can become complex as flow channels may open during rock dissolution. In this contribution, we show that this phenomenon can lead to irregular porosity‐permeability curves and permeability hysteresis after reprecipitation. Current approaches describing permeability as a simple function of porosity can therefore not capture this behavior, and we advocate instead the use of dynamic modeling for such scenarios. We demonstrate our approach by modeling a dissolution/precipitation cycle for a unit cell pore channel and quantify the process at larger scale on three different rock samples, whose microstructures are reconstructed from segmented micro‐Computerised Tomography scans.
Solar Tides in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere of Mars
Authors: Forbes Jeffrey M. , Zhang Xiaoli , Forget Francois , Millour Ehouarn , Kleinböhl Armin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolar tides are responsible for much of the spatial‐temporal variability of Mars' upper atmosphere (100–∼200 km). However, the tidal spectrum, its latitude versus Ls variability, and its vertical evolution remain uncertain. In this paper, Mars Climate Sounder temperature measurements at 76 km above Mars' areoid are used to construct a multiyear latitude versus Ls climatology of the tidal spectrum. The most important spectral components include the solar‐synchronous (“migrating”) components DW1, SW2, and the solar‐asynchronous (“nonmigrating”) tides DE3, DE2, DE1, SE1, S0, and SW1. The Mars Climate Database (MCD), which provides predictions from the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Global Climate Model, captures particularly well the amplitudes and key structural features of the solar‐asynchronous tides at 76 km that furthermore underly the large longitudinal structures in density that are observed between 100 and 200 km. Height‐latitude and latitude‐Ls structures of MCD density perturbations are therefore examined between 76 and 172 km and interpreted in terms of mean wind and dissipation effects. In particular, due to the smaller radius and more intense zonal‐mean zonal winds at Mars compared to Earth, Doppler‐shift effects are significantly exaggerated compared to Earth. Evidence is also provided for nonnegligible contributions to density variability from stationary planetary waves which arise from tide‐tide nonlinear interactions. It is moreover shown that MCD captures the salient amplitude and phase characteristics of the ∼±30–60% longitudinal density perturbations measured by the Mars Global Surveyor accelerometer. This, and the excellent MCD‐MCS agreement at 76 km, lends credibility to the ability of MCD to provide new insights into thermosphere density variability at Mars due to vertical coupling by solar tides.
PLCɛ maintains the functionality of AR signaling in prostate cancer via an autophagy-dependent mechanism
Authors: Quan Zhen , Li Ting , Xia Yang , Liu Jiayu , Du Zhongbo , Luo Chunli , He Yunfeng , Wu Xiaohou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) signaling is a major driver of prostate cancer (CaP). Although most therapies targeting AR are initially effective in CaP patients, drug resistance is inevitable, mainly because of the inappropriate re-activation of AR pathway. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that phospholipase C epsilon (PLCɛ) was highly expressed in CaP samples, and was closely associated with AR signaling activities. PLCɛ depletion triggered enhanced autophagic activities via AMPK/ULK1 pathway, causing autophagy-mediated AR degradation and inhibition of AR nuclear translocation. This subsequently reduced AR signals in CaP and inhibited AR-driven cell migration/invasion. Furthermore, a positive correlation between PLCɛ and AR signaling activity was also observed in bicalutamide-resistant CaP samples and in AR-antagonist-resistant CaP cell models. PLCɛ depletion resulted in the failure to establish AR-antagonist-resistant CaP cell lines, and hindered the metastatic prowess of already established ones. These findings suggest that PLCɛ-mediated autophagic activity alteration is indispensible for the functionality of AR signaling and for CaP development.
MicroRNA-107 enhances radiosensitivity by suppressing granulin in PC-3 prostate cancer cells
Authors: Lo Hua-Cheng , Hsu Jia-Hao , Lai Liang-Chuan , Tsai Mong-Hsun , Chuang Eric Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProstate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Radiotherapy is often applied for the treatment, but radioresistance is a challenge in some patients. MicroRNAs have been reported to be involved in the DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation and recent studies have reported microRNA-mediated radiosensitivity. In the present study, we found microRNA-107 (miR-107) enhanced radiosensitivity by regulating granulin (GRN) in prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. MiR-107 was downregulated and GRN was upregulated in response to ionizing radiation in PC-3 cells. Overexpression of miR-107 and knockdown of GRN promoted the sensitivity of PC3 cells to ionizing radiation. By rescue experiments of GRN, we revealed that radiosensitivity enhanced by miR-107 can be attenuated by GRN overexpression in PC-3 cells. Furthermore, we showed miR-107 enhanced radiation-induced G1/S phase arrest and G2/M phase transit, and identify delayed apoptosis by suppressing p21 and phosphorylation of CHK2. Collectively, these results highlight an unrecognized mechanism of miR-107-mediated GRN regulation in response to ionizing radiation and may advance therapeutic strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Comparison of small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering for studying cortical bone nanostructure
Authors: Törnquist Elin , Gentile Luigi , Prévost Sylvain , Diaz Ana , Olsson Ulf , Isaksson Hanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we present a combined small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS) study of the nanoscale structure of cortical bone specimens from three different species. The variation of the scattering cross section of elements across the periodic table is very different for neutrons and X-rays. For X-rays, it is proportional to the electron density while for neutrons it varies irregularly with the atomic number. Hence, combining the two techniques on the same specimens allows for a more detailed interpretation of the scattering patterns as compared to a single-contrast experiment. The current study was performed on bovine, porcine and ovine specimens, obtained in two perpendicular directions with respect to the main axis of the bone (longitudinal and radial) in order to maximise the understanding of the nanostructural organisation. The specimens were also imaged with high resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), yielding tissue mineral density and microstructural orientation as reference. We show that the SANS and SAXS patterns from the same specimen are effectively identical, suggesting that these bone specimens can be approximated as a two-component composite material. Hence, the observed small-angle scattering results mainly from the mineral-collagen contrast, apart from minor features associated with the internal collagen structure.
A Body Shape Index (ABSI) achieves better mortality risk stratification than alternative indices of abdominal obesity: results from a large European cohort
Authors: Christakoudi Sofia , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Muller David C. , Freisling Heinz , Weiderpass Elisabete , Overvad Kim , Söderberg Stefan , Häggström Christel , Pischon Tobias , Dahm Christina C. , Zhang Jie , Tjønneland Anne , Halkjær Jytte , MacDonald Conor , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Mancini Francesca Romana , Kühn Tilman , Kaaks Rudolf , Schulze Matthias B. , Trichopoulou Antonia , Karakatsani Anna , Peppa Eleni , Masala Giovanna , Pala Valeria , Panico Salvatore , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Quirós J. Ramón , Agudo Antonio , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Cirera Lluís , Barricarte-Gurrea Aurelio , Amiano Pilar , Memarian Ensieh , Sonestedt Emily , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas , May Anne M. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nicholas J. , Tong Tammy Y. N. , Huybrechts Inge , Noh Hwayoung , Aglago Elom K. , Ellingjord-Dale Merete , Ward Heather A. , Aune Dagfinn , Riboli Elio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAbdominal and general adiposity are independently associated with mortality, but there is no consensus on how best to assess abdominal adiposity. We compared the ability of alternative waist indices to complement body mass index (BMI) when assessing all-cause mortality. We used data from 352,985 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for other risk factors. During a mean follow-up of 16.1 years, 38,178 participants died. Combining in one model BMI and a strongly correlated waist index altered the association patterns with mortality, to a predominantly negative association for BMI and a stronger positive association for the waist index, while combining BMI with the uncorrelated A Body Shape Index (ABSI) preserved the association patterns. Sex-specific cohort-wide quartiles of waist indices correlated with BMI could not separate high-risk from low-risk individuals within underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) categories, while the highest quartile of ABSI separated 18–39% of the individuals within each BMI category, which had 22–55% higher risk of death. In conclusion, only a waist index independent of BMI by design, such as ABSI, complements BMI and enables efficient risk stratification, which could facilitate personalisation of screening, treatment and monitoring.
An approach for the measurement of the bulk temperature of single crystal diamond using an X-ray free electron laser
Authors: Descamps A. , Ofori-Okai B. K. , Appel K. , Cerantola V. , Comley A. , Eggert J. H. , Fletcher L. B. , Gericke D. O. , Göde S. , Humphries O. , Karnbach O. , Lazicki A. , Loetzsch R. , McGonegle D. , Palmer C. A. J. , Plueckthun C. , Preston T. R. , Redmer R. , Senesky D. G. , Strohm C. , Uschmann I. , White T. G. , Wollenweber L. , Monaco G. , Wark J. S. , Hastings J. B. , Zastrau U. , Gregori G. , Glenzer S. H. , McBride E. E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a method to determine the bulk temperature of a single crystal diamond sample at an X-Ray free electron laser using inelastic X-ray scattering. The experiment was performed at the high energy density instrument at the European XFEL GmbH, Germany. The technique, based on inelastic X-ray scattering and the principle of detailed balance, was demonstrated to give accurate temperature measurements, within $$8\%$$

8
%

for both room temperature diamond and heated diamond to 500 K. Here, the temperature was increased in a controlled way using a resistive heater to test theoretical predictions of the scaling of the signal with temperature. The method was tested by validating the energy of the phonon modes with previous measurements made at room temperature using inelastic X-ray scattering and neutron scattering techniques. This technique could be used to determine the bulk temperature in transient systems with a temporal resolution of 50 fs and for which accurate measurements of thermodynamic properties are vital to build accurate equation of state and transport models.