bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reduces itaconate levels and enhances TCA cycle anabolic bioenergetics in acutely inflamed monocytes
Authors: Zhu Xuewei , Long David , Zabalawi Manal , Ingram Brian , Yoza Barbara K. , Stacpoole Peter W. , McCall Charles E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)/pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) axis directs the universal survival principles of immune resistance and tolerance in monocytes by controlling anabolic and catabolic energetics. Immune resistance shifts to immune tolerance during inflammatory shock syndromes when inactivation of PDC by increased PDK activity disrupts the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle support of anabolic pathways. The transition from immune resistance to tolerance also diverts the TCA cycle from citrate-derived cis-aconitate to itaconate, a recently discovered catabolic mediator that separates the TCA cycle at isocitrate and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Itaconate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and its anabolic role in mitochondrial ATP generation. We previously reported that inhibiting PDK in septic mice with dichloroacetate (DCA) increased TCA cycle activity, reversed septic shock, restored innate and adaptive immune and organ function, and increased survival. Here, using unbiased metabolomics in a monocyte culture model of severe acute inflammation that simulates sepsis reprogramming, we show that DCA-induced activation of PDC restored anabolic energetics in inflammatory monocytes while increasing TCA cycle intermediates, decreasing itaconate, and increasing amino acid anaplerotic catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Our study provides new mechanistic insight that the DCA-stimulated PDC homeostat reconfigures the TCA cycle and promotes anabolic energetics in monocytes by reducing levels of the catabolic mediator itaconate. It further supports the theory that PDC is an energy sensing and signaling homeostat that restores metabolic and energy fitness during acute inflammation.
A meta‐analytic test of the differential pathways linking ethical leadership to normative conduct
Authors: Peng Ann C. , Kim Dongkyu 
Published: January 2020

SummaryWe test how ethical leadership influences normatively (in)appropriate work behavior through distinct mediating pathways, including one's exchange relationship with the leader, ethical culture, and identification with the organization. Our study also controls for transformational leadership as a predictor and trust in leader as a nonhypothesized alternative mechanism. We test our hypotheses using meta‐analytic structural equation modeling based on our meta‐analysis of 301 independent samples (N = 103,354) and relevant meta‐analytic correlations reported in previous research. Supporting our prediction, we found that leader–member exchange, which represents social exchange theory, was the most potent mechanism that accounts for the positive relationship between ethical leadership and task performance. In contrast, ethical culture, which assesses a social learning mechanism, is the strongest predictor of counterproductive behavior. In addition, all three hypothesized mediators each contribute to understanding the positive relationship between ethical leadership and organizational citizenship behavior, although the indirect effect via organizational identification was the weakest. The findings hold after controlling for job satisfaction as another mediator parallel to the theoretical ones. Our results contribute to a precise theory about ethical leadership by differentiating the processes through which it affects employee behavior.
Biochar's cost constraints are overcome in small‐scale farming on tropical soils in lower‐income countries
Authors: Robb Samuel , Joseph Stephen , Abdul Aziz Ammar , Dargusch Paul , Tisdell Clement 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiochar has been lauded for its potential to mitigate climate change, increase crop yields, and reverse land degradation in tropical agricultural systems. Despite its benefits, confusion persists about whether the use of biochar is financially feasible as a soil ameliorant. A comprehensive review of previous studies of biochar's financial feasibility was performed (33 relevant publications). Financial performance appraisal (US$ Mg−1 biochar) and greenhouse gas abatement cost estimates (US$ Mg−1 CO2e) were used to gauge the financial feasibility of the biochar scenarios within each publication. Ordinary least squares multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the predictive capacity of scenario financial feasibility as dependent on variables including national income levels, climatic conditions, pyrolysis technology scales, and pyrolysis capabilities. Analysis revealed that scenarios where biochar was applied targeting yield increases in high‐value crops in tropical locations with low incomes and biochar‐focused small‐scale production, were overall significant predictors of biochar scenario financial feasibility. We find that the average abatement cost of biochar applied in ‘lower‐income countries’ is −US$ 58 Mg−1 CO2e (financially feasible) compared with +US$ 93 Mg−1 CO2e in ‘higher‐income countries’ (not financially feasible). Climate policies of lower‐income countries in tropical climates should consider biochar as an input for small‐scale climate smart agriculture to address land degradation in tropical agricultural systems. Based on recent evidence it is suggested that biochar fertilizers, a value‐added biochar product, could present a commercially feasible pathway for biochar value‐chain development in higher‐income countries.
Precisely Synthesized Sequence‐Controlled Amino Acid–Derived Vinyl Polymers: New Insights into Thermo‐Responsive Polymer Design
Authors: Yamano Tsukasa , Higashi Nobuyuki , Koga Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThermo‐responsive block copolymers are of great interest in biomedical and nanotechnological fields. These polymers achieve a versatile and complex responsiveness through a sophisticated and intricate combination of different thermo‐responsive blocks. While their utility is clear, the fundamental design principles of such vinyl polymers are not yet thoroughly understood. Herein, a precise synthesis of sequence‐controlled amino‐acid‐derived vinyl polymers and their unique thermal response in water are reported. Seven distinct block (random) copolymers that contain two kinds of amino acid blocks (poly(N‐acryloyl alanine(A)‐ or glycine(G)‐methyl ester)) with the same total chain length (degree of polymerization [DP] ≈30) and chemical composition (A/G ≈1), but with systematic variations in the block sequence and length, with an accuracy target of DP ± 1, are prepared. By specifying the primary structure, the thermal responses including transition temperature, thermo‐sensitivity, and microenvironment in the dehydrated state can be finely tuned. These findings offer new directions in the design of structurally and functionally diverse thermo‐responsive vinyl polymers.
Radikale durch Licht – molekularer Baukasten für komplexe Moleküle
Authors: Huy Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMit sichtbarem Licht lassen sich in Gegenwart bestimmter Katalysatoren Radikale bei Raumtemperatur erzeugen. Bisher waren diese Methoden auf Radikale begrenzt, die durch elektronenziehende Substituenten stabilisiert sind. Neuerdings sind auch nicht stabilisierte Radikale aus Alkoholen und Aminen zugänglich.
Weniger Gummiabfälle
Authors: Gschwind Larissa , Jordan Carmen‐Simona 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDie Devulkanisierung – kombiniert mit der Aktivierung des Kautschuks in einem kontinuierlichen Verfahren – ist eine vielversprechende Methode, um ein Recyclingmaterial zu einem Rohstoffersatz zu verarbeiten. Ein neues Verfahren liefert chemisch aktive Gummimehlpartikel für Dämmstoffe.
Automatic Selection of Picosecond or Femtosecond Lasers
Authors: Pauli Anton , Frede Maik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe demand for components of high quality in large quantities and the shift of value chains to regions with low production costs are putting competitive pressure on many manufacturing operations. Often the only way to absorb this is through faster manufacturing methods. This however requires modern technologies with a high degree of automation, which seem oversized for small to midsize enterprises (SMEs) in particular. Frequently, the procurement costs, for instance for ultra‐short pulse laser systems, are simply too high. GFH and Neolase jointly developed a cost‐effective, cross‐industry solution under the Horizon 2020 EU subsidy program: the “Smart Modular All‐in‐One Robust Laser Machining Tool” – SMAART.
Reliability Allocation for Series‐Parallel Systems subject to Potential Propagated Failures
Authors: Cao Yingsai , Liu Sifeng , Fang Zhigeng , Dong Wenjie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo analyze the dependent failures in the early stage of system development, this paper considers the potential propagated failures in the reliability allocation process. Factors which can be used to not only measure the component importance but also to reflect the influence brought by propagated failures are proposed. Specifically, cooperative game theory is introduced to explore how the propagated failures affect the failure severity level. Failure rates are obtained by using the Alpha Factor Model with the consideration of dependence among components. Reliability improvement rate is also developed to proportionally assign the target improvement of system reliability to the corresponding components. Furthermore, reliability allocation frameworks for series, parallel and series‐parallel systems are designed respectively to make the proposed model meet a wide range of applications. An illustrative example of a hydraulic cooling system is presented to show how the proposed approach is applied. The allocation results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve a valid reliability improvement with the minimum error.
Comprehensive analysis of oat avenanthramides using hybrid quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry: Possible detection of new compounds
Authors: Jágr Michal , Dvořáček Václav , Čepková Petra Hlásná , Doležalová Jana 
Published: January 2020

RationaleAvenanthramides (AVNs) are constituents unique to oats and have many outstanding health benefits. AVNs are antioxidants and possess anti‐inflammatory, antifungal and antibacterial activity. The number of known AVNs increased recently because of the latest developments in high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) techniques.MethodsOat seed extract from 10 oat cultivars was analysed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) with positive heated electrospray ionization.ResultsThirty‐five AVNs were identified and characterized in seed extracts, and the structures of 10 novel AVNs were tentatively elucidated, among which were AVNs bearing a cinamoyl or sinapoyl moiety. These AVNs are reported in oats for the first time. The method was validated using AVN standards (AVNs 2c, 2f and 2p), with limits of detection and quantitation at low picomole levels. Recovery of AVN standards varied from 83% to 106%, and relative standard deviations ranged from 2% to 9%. The total AVNs in the selected oat varieties ranged from 36.0 to 302.5 μg/g (dry weight), with AVN 2c, AVN 2f and AVN 2p representing approximately 65%–70% of that total.ConclusionsOur comprehensive method for detecting the full avenanthramide spectrum can contribute to better understanding the chemical and biological properties of individual AVNs for utilization in developing new oat cultivars and novel functional foods.
A new method for performance analysis in nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Authors: Liang Jiaxi , Chenouri Shojaeddin , Small Christopher G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a local rank correlation (LRC) measure which quantifies the performance of dimension reduction methods. The LRC is easily interpretable, and robust against the extreme skewness of nearest neighbor distributions in high dimensions. Some benchmark datasets are studied. We find that the LRC closely corresponds to our visual interpretation of the quality of the output. In addition, we demonstrate that the LRC is useful in estimating the intrinsic dimensionality of the original data, and in selecting a suitable value of tuning parameters used in some algorithms.
Tree aggregation for random forest class probability estimation
Authors: Sage Andrew J. , Genschel Ulrike , Nettleton Dan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn random forest methodology, an overall prediction or estimate is made by aggregating predictions made by individual decision trees. Popular implementations of random forests rely on different methods for aggregating predictions. In this study, we provide an empirical analysis of the performance of aggregation approaches available for classification and regression problems. We show that while the choice of aggregation scheme usually has little impact in regression, it can have a profound effect on probability estimation in classification problems. Our study illustrates the causes of calibration issues that arise from two popular aggregation approaches and highlights the important role that terminal nodesize plays in the aggregation of tree predictions. We show that optimal choices for random forest tuning parameters depend heavily on the manner in which tree predictions are aggregated.
Creation of Active Sites in MOF‐808(Zr) by a Facile Route for Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Diesel Oil
Authors: Gu Yulong , Ye Gan , Xu Wei , Zhou Wei , Sun Yinyong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMOF‐808(Zr) as an important member of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) has attracted much attention due to its good stability, large surface area and rich zirconium metal centers. However, Zr sites in the structure of MOF‐808(Zr) are inactive in many catalytic reactions due to they are well coordinated with organic ligands like 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) and formate anions. Thus, removing formate anions have been attempted to create more active sites in the structure for many reactions while maintaining the structural stability. In this work, we report that the formate ligands in MOF‐808(Zr) can be facilely removed by the treatment in hot ethanol for 4 h. The obtained material as a heterogeneous catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) reaction of dibenzothiophene (DBT) compared with reported MOFs catalysts. The conversion of DBT in model diesel oil could reach >99 % within a reaction time of 20 min at 323 K, which is five times as that over parent MOF‐808(Zr). As a result, the sulfur content was decreased from 1000 ppm to less than 10 ppm. Such catalytic performance should be mainly attributed to the creation of more active sites in the structure of MOF‐808(Zr) after the removal of formate anions.
Structural Refinement and Optoelectronic Properties of (MoxTi1‐2xO2‐δ)1‐y(RGO)y Nanocomposites and Their Photovoltaic Studies with Natural Pigments as Sensitizers
Authors: Dhodamani Ananta G. , More Krantiveer V. , Mullani Sajid B. , Deshmukh Shamkumar P. , Koli Valmiki B. , Panda Dillip K. , Delekar Sagar D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the present investigation, the optoelectronic properties of the binary TiO2/RGO nanocomposites modified through the insertion Mo(VI) ions and thereafter these ternary nanocomposites (NCs) have been tested for I–V measurements using natural pigments as sensitizers. Initially, a series of (MoxTi1‐2xO2‐δ)1‐y(RGO)y [x=0.5 to 3.0 mol %; y=0.75 wt.%] NCs was prepared by using in‐situ chemical approach. XRD Rietveld refinement reveals the formation of single phase only with substitution of two Ti(IV) ions by single Mo(VI) ions in the ternary NCs. After the well characterizations, these NCs are deposited on the FTO substrate using binder‐free doctor blade technique and then these are sensitized with N719 dyes (model protocol) as well as natural pigments and measured under solar simulator for knowing the photovoltaic performances. Among the different photoelectrodes, I–V and IPCE measurements of (Mo0.100Ti0.980O1.990)0.925(RGO)0.075 NCs sensitized with N719 showing the highest power conversion efficiency of 7.58% which is higher to that of TiO2/RGO (η=5.81%) based photoelectrodes. For the optimized photoelectrode composition with N719, natural pigment Betalain based dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) show the highest efficiency of 2.23% which opposes to an efficiency of 0.38, 1.29, and 1.13% for Lawsone, Curcumin and Anthocyanin sensitized DSSCs, respectively.
Branched Ligand Ethyl 2‐Mercaptopropionate as a Stabilizer for CdTe Quantum Dots and its use as a Cu2+ Ions Probe in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Choudhary Yogesh S. , Gomathi N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the present work, we explored the possibility of using a novel stabilizing ligand namely ethyl 2‐mercaptopropionate for the synthesis of CdTe quantum dots (QDs). The QDs were synthesized and stabilized by the ligand and it was realized to be emitting at 560 nm. Extensive microscopic and photo physical characterization were carried out in order to unearth the nature of the QDs synthesized. Interestingly, it was observed that, the photoluminescence emission of as synthesized QDs were getting quenched linearly in the presence of Cu2+, which prompt us to make use of these QDs for the detection of Cu2+ ions in aqueous media. A detailed mechanism of quenching was also proposed. The linear range over which the QDs was selective to Cu2+ ions was from 0.5 nM to 129.5 nM with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.5 nM providing a pathway for the QDs based Cu2+ probe.
H2O‐Etchant‐Promoted Synthesis of High‐Quality Graphene on Glass and Its Application in See‐Through Thermochromic Displays
Authors: Xie Huanhuan , Cui Kejian , Cui Lingzhi , Liu Bingzhi , Yu Yue , Tan Congwei , Zhang Yingying , Zhang Yanfeng , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDirect growth of graphene on glass can bring an innovative revolution by coupling the complementary properties of traditional glass and modern graphene (such as transparency and conductivity), offering brand new daily‐life related applications. However, preparation of high‐quality graphene on nonmetallic glass is still challenging. Herein, the direct route of low sheet resistance graphene on glass is reported by using in situ‐introduced water as a mild etchant and methane as a carbon precursor via chemical vapor deposition. The derived graphene features with large domain sizes and few amorphous carbon impurities. Intriguingly, the sheet resistance of graphene on glass is dramatically lowered down to ≈1170 Ω sq−1 at the optical transmittance ≈93%, ≈20% of that derived without the water etchant. Based on the highly conductive and optical transparent graphene on glass, a see‐through thermochromic display is thus fabricated with transparent graphene glass as a heater. This work can motivate further investigations of the direct synthesis of high‐quality graphene on functional glass and its versatile applications in transparent electronic devices or displays.
Waste management from the perspective of circularity of materials
Authors: Lazzarotti Fábio , Roman Darlan , Sehnem Simone , Bencke Fernando Fantoni , Sommer Analisa Tiburski 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to analyze the social phenomenon of collecting animal carcasses from rural properties using the perspective of the ecological modernization theory. The results show that the success of the Recolhe pilot project is associated with users’ engagement in environmental awareness, environmental regulations, sanitary and environmental risk management, minimization of labor in rural properties, and municipal legal pressures.
Introduction to the multi-author review on macular degeneration
Authors: Kauppinen Anu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProlonged life expectancies contribute to the increasing prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that is already the leading cause of severe vision loss among the elderly in developed countries. In dry AMD, the disease culminates into vast retinal atrophy, whereas the wet form is characterized by retinal edema and sudden vision loss due to neovascularization originating from the choroid beneath the Bruch’s membrane. There is no treatment for dry AMD and despite intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that suppress the neovessel formation, also wet AMD needs new therapies to prevent the disease progression and to serve patients lacking of positive response to current medicines. Knowledge on disease mechanisms is a prerequisite for the drug development, which is hindered by the multifactorial nature of AMD. Numerous distinguished publications have revealed AMD mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level and in this multi-author review, we take a bit broader look at the topic with some novel aspects.
Seltene Gefahr eines Kompartmentsyndroms bei arthroskopischer Versorgung der Tibiaplateaufraktur
Authors: Schitz Florian , Schabus Rudolf 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungFrakturen des Tibiaplateaus gehen häufig mit Begleitverletzungen (z. B. vorderes Kreuzband, Seitenbänder, Meniskus) sowie einer komplexen Beteiligung der Gelenkflächen einher. Die Therapie erfolgt in der Regel durch eine operative Versorgung mittels winkelstabiler Platten. In diesem Beitrag wird der Fall einer 61-jährigen Patientin nach Sturz in der häuslichen Umgebung beschrieben, bei dem sie sich eine Fraktur des vorderen Tibiakopfes und der medialen Femurkondyle mit einer multiligamentären Ruptur sowie eine Lappenruptur des lateralen Meniskus zuzog, sodass die Indikation für eine arthroskopische Operation bestand. Aufgrund der Gefahr eines Kompartmentsyndroms musste der Eingriff jedoch vorzeitig abgebrochen werden. Im Anschluss wurde die Patientin erfolgreich mit einer Knietotalendoprothese versorgt. Das Kompartmentsyndrom stellt eine sehr seltene, aber ernsthafte Komplikation der Arthroskopie dar. Eine gute invasive Therapieoption ist die Fasziotomie, wobei deren Indikation u. a. vom Druck des Kompartiments abhängt. Genaue Richtlinien bezüglich der Behandlung des Kompartmentsyndroms liegen noch nicht vor. Die Therapie sollte in erster Linie patientenorientiert erfolgen.