bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Frailty and Its Associated Factors Among Elderly Nursing Home Residents in China
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Puts Martine , Jiang Fen , Zhou Chuyi , Tang Siyuan , Chen Sanmei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Evidence is scarce on the trend in prevalence of physical frailty in China; the primary purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and correlates of physical frailty among older nursing home residents in China.Methods: Cross-sectional study in 20 nursing homes in Changsha, China. Physical frailty was defined based on the frailty phenotype including weight loss, low grip strength, exhaustion, slow gait speed, and low physical activity. Participants with at least three affected criteria were defined as being frail. Participants with one or two affected criteria were considered as pre-frail, and those with no affected criteria were considered as robust. A total of 1004 nursing home residents aged 60 and over were included in this study. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations of physical frailty with its potential risk factors, including age, sex, education levels, marital status, type of institution, living status, current drinking, current smoking, regular exercise, and self-reported health.Results: The overall prevalence of physical frailty and prefrailty was 55.6%, and 38.5%, respectively. The rate of physical frailty substantially increased with age, and was higher in women than in men (69.5% vs. 30.5%). The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that older age, being women, living in a private institution, living alone or with unknown person, having no regular exercise (≤ 2 times/week), and poor self-reported health were significantly associated with increased odds of being physically frail. Conclusion: We demonstrated physical frailty is highly prevalent among older residents in nursing homes in China, especially in women. The potential role of those associated factors of physical frailty warrant further investigations to explore their clinical application among elderly nursing home residents.
Distribution and Microstructure Analysis of Ceramic Particles in the Lead-Free Solder Matrix
Authors: Pal Manoj Kumar , Gergely Gréta , Koncz-Horváth Dániel , Gácsi Zoltán 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder alloy is a prominent candidate for the Pb-free solder, and SAC305 solder is generally employed in today’s electronic enterprise. In this study, the formation of intermetallic compounds (Cu6Sn5 and Ag3Sn) at the interface, average neighbour’s particle distance, and the morphological mosaic are examined by the addition of SiC and nickel-coated silicon carbide reinforcements within Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder. Results revealed that the addition of SiC and SiC(Ni) particles are associated with a small change to the average neighbor’s particle distance and a decrease of clustering rate to a certain limit of the Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder composites. Moreover, the development of the Cu6Sn5 and the structure of the Ag3Sn are improved with the addition of SiC and Ni coated SiC.
Adipokines and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Jiahao , Zheng Haiyan , Li Yasong , Wang Tianle , Zhong Yaohong , Fan Chunhong , Li Yingjun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Circulating adipokines levels have been reported to be associated with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it is still unclear whether these associations are causal or biased by reverse causation or residual confounding. This study aimed to assess potential causal roles of five adipokines (namely, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin, and retinol-blinding protein 4 [RBP4]) in the occurrence of RA.Methods: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate these associations. We used summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for adipokines in individuals of European ancestry as the exposure, and a separate large-scale meta-analysis of a GWAS which included 14,361 RA cases and 43,923 controls of European ancestry as the outcome. Genetic variants were selected as instrumental variables if robustly genome-wide significant in their associations with adipokines. The causal effects were estimated using the inverse-variance weighted method in the primary analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed to warrant that bias due to genetic pleiotropy was unlikely.Results: The circulating resistin was found to be the only adipokinetic factor having statistical significance, with higher levels causally associated with the risk of RA (odds ratio: 1.28; 95% confidence interval: [1.07, 1.53] per unit increase in the natural log-transformed resistin). In contrast, associations of adiponectin, leptin, chemerin, and RBP4 with risk of RA were not statistically significant. The MR assumptions did not seem to be violated. Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent findings.Conclusions: Genetically predicted circulating resistin levels were positively associated with RA risk. Our analysis suggested that resistin may play a notable causal role in RA pathogenesis. It would be beneficial for the development of clinical as well as public health strategies that target appropriate levels of resistin for future RA intervention.
Impact of wound irrigation during laparoscopic appendectomy on surgical site infection in acute appendicitis: a multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Nam Soomin , Park Youn Young , Jung Yun Tae , Cheong Chinock 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the major complications after appendectomy. Among the many efforts to reduce variable risk factors, subcutaneous wound irrigation has been reported in some abdominal surgeries. However, there are no relevant literatures regarding patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy. This study aimed to determine the effect of wound irrigation before skin closure when performing laparoscopic appendectomy.
Methods

We included patients who had undergone laparoscopic appendectomy due to acute appendicitis from March 2017 to October 2019 from three hospitals. Clinical data of 333 patients were retrospectively collected, and we divided 333 patients into three groups according to the method of wound irrigation: no irrigation (n = 93), saline irrigation (n = 144), and povidone-iodine (PI) (n = 96) groups.
Results

A total of 15 patients (4.5%) were diagnosed with SSI within postoperative 30 days. There was no difference in the SSI rates (4.3% vs. 5.1% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.953). None of the factors were associated with SSI among the variables (sex, age, ASA, perforated appendicitis, preoperative WBC and hemoglobin levels, operation time, wound irrigation, type of wound closure material, and preoperative and postoperative fever).
Conclusions

Wound irrigation did not affect the SSI rate in patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy.
Longitudinal comparison of anxiety and depression between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung diseases: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Bae Won , Cho Jaeyoung , Lee Jinwoo , Park Young Sik , Lee Chang-Hoon , Lee Sang-Min , Yoo Chul-Gyu , Kim Young Whan , Choi Sun Mi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and objective:

Few studies have investigated the differences in the incidence of anxiety and depression among the interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). We evaluated the differences in the incidence of anxiety and depression between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-IPF ILD, and the changes after a 1-year follow-up period.
Methods

The study participants were patients included in a prospective ILD cohort of Seoul National University Hospital between March 2013 and August 2018. Clinical variables were recorded at baseline and at 1 year. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess patient anxiety and depression at baseline and at 1-year follow-up.
Results

A total of 224 patients in the cohort participated in the study (154 [68.8%] with IPF and 70 [31.2%] with non-IPF ILD). Among them, 111 patients completed a follow-up Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire 1 year later (77 in the IPF group, 34 in the non-IPF group). In the IPF group, 20.8% and 27.3% of patients suffered from anxiety and 29.9% and 31.2% suffered from depression at baseline and 1-year follow-up, respectively. In the non-IPF group, 14.3% and 23.5% of patients suffered from anxiety and 24.3% and 17.6% suffered from depression at baseline and 1-year follow-up, respectively. Total score on the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire at baseline was associated with depression both at baseline (odds ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.08) and at 1-year follow-up (odds ratio 1.03; 95% confidence interval 1.00-1.05), even after adjusting other factors. The interaction of prevalence change of anxiety and depression at baseline and 1-year follow-up between the IPF group and the non-IPF ILD group were not statistically significant (p-value 0.878 for anxiety and 0.376 for depression, respectively).
Conclusion

The prevalence of anxiety and depression at baseline and at 1-year follow-up were not significantly different between patients with IPF and non-IPF ILD. St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire total score at baseline was associated with depression at baseline and at 1-year follow-up.
Hepatoprotective Role of Berberine on Doxorubicin Induced Hepatotoxicity - Involvement of Cyp
Authors: Sun Bao , Yang Yue , He Mengzi , Jin Yanan , Cao Xiaoyu , Du Xiwei , Yang Ruixia 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The liver is one of the major organ involved in drug metabolism. Cytochrome P450s are
predominantly involved in drug metabolism. A wide range of CYPs have been reported in the liver which have been
involved in its normal as well as in diseased conditions. Doxorubicin, one of the most potent chemotherapeutic drugs,
although highly efficacious, also has adverse side effects, with its targets being liver and cardiac tissue.

Objective:
The study aims to evaluate the reversal potentials of berberine on Doxorubicin induced cyp conversion.

Methodology:
In the present study, the interplay between anti-oxidants, cytochrome and inflammatory markers in
DOX induced liver toxicity and its possible reversal by berberine was ascertained.

Results:
DOX administration significantly elevated serum as well as tissue stress, which was reverted by berberine
treatment. A similar response was observed in tissue inflammatory mediators as well as in serum cytokine levels.
Most profound reduction in the cytochrome expression was found in Cyp 2B1, 2B2, and 2E1. However, 2C1, 2C6,
and 3A1 although showed a decline, but it did not revert the expression back to control levels.

Conclusion:
It could be concluded that berberine may be an efficient anti-oxidant and immune modulator. It
possesses low to moderate cytochrome modulatory potentials.
Harnessing Drug Repurposing for Exploration of New Diseases: An Insight to Strategies and Case Studies
Authors: Jain Priti , Jain Shreyans K. , Jain Munendra 
Published: June 2020

Background:Traditional drug discovery is time consuming, costly, and risky process. Owing to the large investment, excessive attrition, and declined output, drug repurposing has become a blooming approach for the identification and development of new therapeutics. The method has gained momentum in the past few years and has resulted in many excellent discoveries. Industries are resurrecting the failed and shelved drugs to save time and cost. The process accounts for approximately 30% of the new US Food and Drug Administration approved drugs and vaccines in recent years.Methods:A systematic literature search using appropriate keywords were made to identify articles discussing the different strategies being adopted for repurposing and various drugs that have been/are being repurposed.Results:This review aims to describe the comprehensive data about the various strategies (Blinded search, computational approaches, and experimental approaches) used for the repurposing along with success case studies (treatment for orphan diseases, neglected tropical disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and drugs for pediatric population). It also inculcates an elaborated list of more than 100 drugs that have been repositioned, approaches adopted, and their present clinical status. We have also attempted to incorporate the different databases used for computational repurposing.Conclusion:The data presented is proof that drug repurposing is a prolific approach circumventing the issues poised by conventional drug discovery approaches. It is a highly promising approach and when combined with sophisticated computational tools, it also carries high precision. The review would help researches in prioritizing the drugrepositioning method much needed to flourish the drug discovery research.
Xanthone: A Promising Antimycobacterial Scaffold
Authors: Elsaman Tilal , Mohamed Malik Suliman , Eltayib Eyman Mohamed , Abdalla Abualgasim Elgaili , Mohamed Magdi Awadalla 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious diseases associated with high rate of
morbidity and mortality and still remains one of the top-ten leading causes of human death in the world.
The development of new anti-TB drugs is mandatory due to the existence of latent infection as well as
the expansion of the resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) strains. Xanthones encompass a wide
range of structurally diverse bioactive compounds, obtained either naturally or through chemical synthesis.
There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the antitubercular activity of xanthone derivatives.

Objective:
The objective of this review is to highlight the main natural sources along with the critical
design elements, structure-activity relationships (SARs), modes of action and pharmacokinetic profiles
of xanthone-based anti-TB compounds.

Methods:
In the present review, the anti-TB activity of xanthones reported in the literature from 1972 to
date is presented and discussed.

Results:
Exploration of xanthone scaffold led to the identification of several members of this class having
superior activity against both sensitive and resistant MBT strains with distinctive mycobacterial
membrane disrupting properties. However, studies regarding their modes of action, pharmacokinetic
properties and safety are limited.

Conclusion:
Comprehendible data and information are afforded by this review and it would certainly
provide scientists with new thoughts and means which will be conducive to design and develop new
drugs with excellent anti-TB activity through exploration of xanthone scaffold.
Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm for De Novo Drug Design (MoGADdrug)
Authors: Devi R. Vasundhara , Sathya S. Siva , Coumar Mohane S. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
A multi-objective genetic algorithm for De novo drug design
(MoGADdrug) has been proposed in this paper for the design of novel drug-like molecules similar
to some reference molecules. The algorithm developed accepts a set of fragments extracted from
approved drugs and available in fragment libraries and combines them according to specified rules
to discover new drugs through the in-silico method.

Method:
For this process, a genetic algorithm has been used, which encodes the fragments as
genes of variable length chromosomes and applies various genetic operators throughout the generations.
A weighted sum approach is used to simultaneously optimize the structural similarity of the
new drug to a reference molecule as well as its drug-likeness property.

Results:
Five reference molecules namely Lidocaine, Furano-pyrimidine derivative, Imatinib,
Atorvastatin and Glipizide have been chosen for the performance evaluation of the algorithm.

Conclusion:
Also, the newly designed molecules were analyzed using ZINC, PubChem databases
and docking investigations.
Characterization of Flavonoid Constituents in Stems of Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS
Authors: Liu Liang-Hong , Peng Jie , Shi Si-lin , Li Kai-Lin , Xiong Pei , Cai Wei 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun (L. litseifolius) has been used for
treating diabetes, allergic and inflammatory diseases, and hyperlipidemia in folk medicine. Previous
studies have shown that the main active ingredients of its leaves are flavonoids. However, to the best
of our knowledge, the stem of L. litseifolius has not been investigated for its constituents yet. The
stems of the decaying plants fall every year. It is considered as a waste due to limited knowledge of
the benefits of these stems, which is a sheer waste of the plant resource. Therefore, it is necessary to
investigate the chemical constituents of the stem, which will be beneficial for the treatment of many
diseases and help utilize the stem in a better way instead of wasting the plant resource.

Methods:
In this study, the dry twigs of L. litseifolius were collected, powdered, and extracted. Then,
the extracted sample was subjected to UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS in negative mode combined
with Parallel reaction monitoring scanning to gain the high-resolution mass spectrum, which was
processed by the Compound Discover version 3.0 using high resolution extracted ion chromatography
to predict the constituent compounds.

Results:
A total of 35 flavonoids including flavone, flavonol, dihydroflavone, isoflavone, and dihydrochalcone
were putatively identified based on their accurate mass measurement, chromatographic
retention, MSn spectra, and bibliography data.

Conclusion:
In this study, a total of 35 flavonoids were identified in the stem of L. litseifolius,
among which 5 flavonoids were the first to be reported from this plant, which will be very helpful for
the development of medicines for the treatment of many diseases and utilization of the stem of L.
litseifolius.
Herbal Based Polymeric Nanoparticles as a Therapeutic Remedy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Mughees Mohd , Wajid Saima 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The currently available anti breast cancer agents as well as conventional drug delivery
methods have some limitations.

Objective:
In view of these limitations, researchers used phytochemicals/herbal extracts as anti-breast cancer
agents together with the polymeric nanoparticles to provide an effective way of targeted drug delivery with
lesser /no side effects.

Methods:
The literature for this review was searched during the year 2015 to 2019, using the keywords, ‘ ‘breast
cancer’, ‘breast cancer and its current treatments’, ‘plants against the breast cancer’, ‘polymeric nanoparticles’,
‘herbal based polymeric nanoparticles’. The databases i.e., PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, were
used for collecting the information.

Results:
In the present review, an attempt was made to summarize the potential of herbal-based nanoformulation
as a specific and high efficacy therapeutic strategy in order to pave the way for future research involving screening
and use of herbal nanoparticles for the treatment of breast cancer.

Conclusion:
The encapsulation of the herbal extract in the polymeric nanoparticles is the prominent, effective,
and emerging way of targeted drug delivery for cancer. It may serve as a safer way of targeted drug delivery and
maybe the answer to the complications related to the currently available anti-breast cancer agents as well as
limitations of the conventional method of drug delivery.
Encapsulation of Imatinib in Targeted KIT-5 Nanoparticles for Reducing its Cardiotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Varshosaz Jaleh , Fardshouraki Saeedeh , Mirian Mina , Safaeian Leila , Jandaghian Setareh , Taymouri Somayeh 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Using imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor drug used in lymphoblastic leukemia, has
always had limitations due to its cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity side effects. The objective of this study is to
develop a target-oriented drug carrier to minimize these adverse effects by the controlled release of the drug.

Methods:
KIT-5 nanoparticles were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and conjugated to rituximab
as the targeting agent for the CD20 positive receptors of the B-cells. Then they were loaded with imatinib
and their physical properties were characterized. The cell cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was studied by MTT
assay in Ramos (CD20 positive) and Jurkat cell lines (CD20 negative) and their cellular uptake was shown by
fluorescence microscope. Wistar rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of the free drug or targeted
nanoparticles for 21 days. Then the level of aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), alanine Aminotransferase
(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in serum of animals. The
cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of the drug were also studied by hematoxylin and eosin staining of the tissues.

Results:
The targeted nanoparticles of imatinib showed to be more cytotoxic to Ramos cells rather than Jurkat
cells. The results of the biochemical analysis displayed a significant reduction in AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH
levels in animals treated with targeted nanoparticles, compared to the free drug group. By comparison with the
free imatinib, histopathological results represented less cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in the animals, which
received the drug through the current designed delivery system.

Conclusion:
The obtained results confirmed that the rituximab targeted KIT-5 nanoparticles are promising in
the controlled release of imatinib and could decrease its cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity side effects.
New Insight into Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy: The Potential Roles of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy Mechanisms
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Mohammadinejad Reza , Tavakol Shima , Ahmadi Zahra , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Breast cancer is accounted as the fifth leading cause of mortality among the other cancers.
Notwithstanding, Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is responsible for 15-20% of breast cancer mortality.
Despite many investigations, it remains incurable in part due to insufficient understanding of its exact
mechanisms.

Methods:
A literature search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases using the
keywords autophagy, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, TNBC and the combinations of these
keywords.

Results:
It was found that autophagy plays a dual role in cancer, so that it may decrease the viability of tumor
cells or act as a cytoprotective mechanism. It then appears that using compounds having modulatory effects on
autophagy is of importance in terms of induction of autophagic cell death and diminishing the proliferation and
metastasis of tumor cells. Also, ER stress can be modulated in order to stimulate apoptotic and autophagic cell
death in tumor cells.

Conclusion:
Perturbation in the signaling pathways related to cell survival leads to the initiation and progression
of cancer. Regarding the advancement in the cancer pathology, it seems that modulation of autophagy and ER
stress are promising.