bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of children born to human immunodeficiency virus positive mothers - A retrospective study
Authors: Malpani Preeti , Biswas Manju , Kale Vishal 
Published: June 2020

Background: Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major route of new infections in children. The use of anti-retroviral therapy and nevirapine to mother-baby pairs has shown to be quite effective in preventing the transmission of virus from mother-to-child. Objectives: To analyze the incidence of HIV transmission in children born to HIV-infected pregnant women and to analyze the outcome of these children. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care referral hospital of central India for a period of 3 years. Data analysis of the mothers with HIV-positive serology up to their delivery andfollow-up of their babies for 18 months was performed. Perinatal mortality rate (PMR) and neonatal mortality rates (NMRs), mother-to-child transmission rate, and the outcome of their children on the basis of various factors - such as maternal CD4 count, treatment taken, and feeding practices - were analyzed. Results: 161 HIV-positive mothers gave birth to 164 babies (including 1 triplet and 1 twin) during the study period. An incidence of mother-to-child transmission was 8.06% and it was influenced by maternal CD4 count, maternal comorbidities, mode of delivery, and feeding practices. In our study, PMR was 48.78/1000 live births; NMR was 54.87/1000 live births as compared to 25/1000 live births in children born to seronegative mothers. Conclusion: The risk of vertical transmission of HIV from mother-to-baby was 8%. Maternal HIV transmission is the primary means by which infants become infected. Hence, the prevention of maternal HIV transmission is of paramount importance.
Prevalence, clinical, and hematological profile of sickle cell disease in South Rajasthan
Authors: Mandot Sanjay , Ameta Gaurav 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: To know the prevalence of sickle cell disease in 0-15 years old children of tribal area and to study its clinical and hematological profile. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted between May 2014 and December 2015 in children below 15 years of age from tribal area of Sirohi and Udaipur district in South Rajasthan. Results: A total of 1090 children in tribal area were screened for sickle cell disease. Prevalence of sickle cell disease was found to be 8.53% of which 0.77% children were suffering from sickle cell anemia (HbSS), whereas 7.7% were having sickle cell traits (HbAS). Common morbidities were anemia, pain, infection, and splenomegaly. Conclusion: Sickle cell disease is prevalent in this area. Screening for sickling in this area is suggested for early diagnosis and to promote preventive measures so as to decrease morbidity and mortality.
Acute kidney injury in asphyxiated neonates and its correlation to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy staging
Authors: Agrawal Sumit , Chaudhuri Partha Kumar , Chaudhary Anil Kumar , Kumar Deepak 
Published: June 2020

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common consequence of perinatal asphyxia, occurring in up to 56% of these neonates. It is important to recognize AKI in asphyxiated neonates to facilitate administration of appropriate fluids and electrolytes to improve their outcome. Objectives: To determine the incidence of AKI in asphyxiated neonates and its correlation with severity of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods: 135 term neonates were enrolled - 90 asphyxiated and 45 healthy neonates. AKI was diagnosed when serum creatinine was >1.5 mg/dl regardless of the rate of urine output (UOP). Neonates with AKI were managed as per standard protocol. Results: Of the 90 asphyxiated neonates, 68 (75.6%) had AKI including 58 (85.3%) neonates with pre-renal AKI and 10 (14.7%) with intrinsic AKI. Out of the 68 AKI, 22 (32.36%) had oliguric AKI and 46 (67.64%) had non-oliguric AKI. Levels of blood urea and serum creatinine were significantly higher in asphyxiated neonates as compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in UOP in control and study groups. Sonographic abnormalities were seen mostly in oliguric babies and indicated bad prognosis. Mortality was higher in babies with oliguric AKI. Conclusions: Perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of neonatal AKI. The majority had non-oliguric AKI and responded well to fluid challenge. Abnormalities in the renal function correlate well with the severity of HIE. Intrinsic AKI, oliguria, hyponatremia, reduced creatinine clearance, and abnormal sonographic scan suggest bad prognosis in neonatal AKI secondary to perinatal asphyxia.
Congenital dislocation of knee: A correctable deformity
Authors: Rahiman M Hisham Abdu , Nair P M C , James Jemila 
Published: June 2020

We report the case of a late preterm small for gestational age baby girl presenting with deformities of both knees at birth. Diagnosis by radiologic investigation revealed bilateral knee joint dislocation and ultrasonography revealed developmental dysplasia of the hip. Concomitant treatment of the congenital dislocation of the knee with serial casting and the hip with Pavlik harness provided satisfactory results. Cases with delayed presentation or which do not respond to conservative treatment need surgery. Delay in treatment may lead to long-term instability and stiffness. Emphasis should be laid on the immediate recognition and treatment of the condition.
Glucose levels in first 3 days and neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year in low birth weight infants: A cohort study
Authors: Chandrasekaran Ashok , Rao P N Suman , Raman Vijaya , Nesargi Saudamini , Shekharappa Chandrakala Bada , Sahoo Jagdish Prasad , Ranjit Thomas , Chico Marie Shalini , Bhat Swarnarekha 
Published: June 2020

Background: Definition of neonatal hypoglycemia is still controversial. Objective: To find the effect of blood glucose (BG) levels in the first 3 days of life, on developmental outcome at 1 year in low birth weight neonates <2000 g. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit and follow-up clinic in south India. Intramural neonates admitted from September 2009 to August 2010 were enrolled. Perinatal and neonatal variables were recorded. Respiratory support, fluids, and feeding management were based on the standard protocols. BG was measured within 2 h, then 6 hourly for 72 h by glucometerand BG <50 mg% was analyzed by hexokinase method. Infants were followed until 1 year corrected age and development age (DA) assessed by Developmental Assessment Scales for Indian Infants (DASII). Motor and mental DA at various BG levels were compared. Composite outcome of motor or mental developmental delay; or cerebral palsy or hearing impairment or visual impairment was analyzed, and logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: The mean birth weight and gestation of the study group (n=129) was 1493 g and 32.5 weeks. The 10th centile of BG in the first 72 h was 51 mg%. BG below 10th centile was seen in 60 infants. The mean motor and mental DA of the infants by DASII assessment at 1 year was 11.3 and 11.5 months, respectively. The motor DA and mental DA were significantly higher until 50 mg% lowest BG level, and positive correlation was seen (r=0.26 motor, 0.2 mental DA). Mean BG level, the presence of symptoms; number of episodes or small for gestation did not influence the DA. The adjusted odds for poor composite outcome when BG was below 51 mg% is 2.83 (0.65-12.3). Conclusion: Even though high-risk neonates with BG <51 mg% have a lower motor DA and mental DA at 1 year, than neonates with BG >50 mg%; other morbidities do determine their composite outcome.
Microbiological profile of early-onset neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Philip Prijo , Madhava Kamath K 
Published: June 2020

Aims: To identify the microbiological profile of neonatal sepsis and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of various isolates in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karnataka. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, the laboratory data of primary blood culture reports of 240 neonates admitted with clinical suspicion of early-onset sepsis, from April 2014 to March 2016, were analyzed. Results: Total 240 samples were received during the study period, of which 40, (16%) were found to be positive. Out of these, 18 (7.5%), 18 (7.5%), and 4 (1%) had Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and Candida infection, respectively. The most common organism noted among Gram-positive isolates was Staphylococcus aureus (22.5%), followed bycoagulase-negative staphylococci (12.5%) and Enterococcus (10%). Among Gram-negative isolates, Acinetobacter was the most commonly implicated organism (20%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%), Escherichia coli (7.5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5%). Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for close observation to be carried out at regular intervals to describe the various pathogens causing early-onset neonatal sepsis and their ever changing antibiotic sensitivity pattern which will provide useful data to guide practice and policies on rational use of antibiotics.
Clinico-hematological profile of paediatric patient admitted with acute leukemia in tertiary care centre of central India
Authors: Kumar Saurabh , Anand Shweta , Sahu T P 
Published: June 2020

Background: Leukemia is the most prevalent childhood cancer. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) constitutes 75% of all cases. Objective: To find out the most common clinical and hematological findings of pediatric patients with acute leukemia at a tertiary care center of central India. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was done on 30 pediatric patients diagnosed with acute leukemia in the Department of Pediatrics and Oncology at Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal. This study included children aged from 6 months to 15 years, who were admitted from June 2014 to June 2015. Data were retrospectivelycollected by reviewing medical records of these patients. Clinical history, physical examination, hematological, and radiological data were analyzed. Results: ALL was the most common hematological malignancy observed at our hospital. In addition, it was found to be more prevalent in males and fever was the most common presenting symptoms followed by fatigue and anorexia. Hepatosplenomegaly and pallor were the most common findings on clinical examination. Among patients with ALL, subtype L1 was the most common type. Among patients with acute myeloid leukemia, M2 and M3 subtypes were most commonly documented.
Postnatal predictors for outcome in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A singlecenter retrospective cohort study from India
Authors: Chandrasekaran Ashok , Rathnavelu Ezhilarasan , Mulage Lingaraja , Ninan Binu , Balakrishnan Umamaheswari , Amboiram Prakash , Shaik Shafi Jan Mohammad , Ramaswamy Sarvanan 
Published: June 2020

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has high morbidity and mortality. Many outcome predictors have been tried. Objective: To assess the short-term outcomes of neonates with isolated CDH and find the predictors of outcome. Methods: Neonates with isolated CDH managed over 12-year period from June 2004 were analyzed. Antenatal counseling, delayed surgery after stabilization, primary conventional ventilation and rescue high frequency ventilation if needed is the unit protocol. Details on baseline characteristics, delivery room management, clinical details, ventilation details, management of pulmonary hypertension, inhaled nitric oxide usage, operative details, and post-operative period were noted. Oxygenation index (OI) was calculated, and echocardiography findings on pulmonary hypertension were noted. Outcome predictors were assessed. Results: 40 neonates with isolated CDH were managed during the study period. The mean birth weight and gestation were 37.7±1.55 weeks and 2830±480 g, respectively. The majority of them were intramural and had an antenatal diagnosis. Definitive sepsis, pneumothorax, and severe pulmonary hypertension were seen in 10, 9, and 17 neonates, respectively. In 32 neonates, surgical repair was done and 31 (78%) survived at discharge. Median (range) of maximum OI on day 1 was 6 (2.2-39) and 59.9 (7.65-96) for survivors and non-survivors,respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) for OI prediction of survival was 0.94 (confidence interval 0.86-0.99). The adjusted odds ratio for survival, when maximum OI was below 15, was 36.2 (4.6-142). Receiver operating curve showed AUC for OI in predicting survival was 0.95 (0.86-0.99). Conclusion: We found 78% survival for isolated CDH neonates using standard protocol and OI is a good predictor for survival.
Comparison of clinical outcomes in patients with congenital anorectal malformation treated with posterior sagittal anorectoplasty and laparoscopically assisted anorectal pull through
Authors: Kunnur Vijaymahantesh S , Singh Chandra Shekhar , Kunnur Shanthala V , Kunnur Anil Kumar S 
Published: June 2020

Aim: To compare the complications and outcomes of laparoscopic-assisted anorectoplasty (LAARP) for anorectal malformation (ARM) with that of posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) using Kelly’s score. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center study conducted over a period of 4-year. A total of 95 male ARM patients were included in the study, of which 25 patients underwent LAARP, whereas 70 patients underwent PSARP. Result: Superficial wound infection was seen in 2 (2.85%) cases of the PSARP group while in 1 (4%) case in LAARP group. 12 (17.14%) cases of PSARP group had wound dehiscence at the neo-anal site, of which 6 (8.57%) had complete wound dehiscence and the remaining 6 (8.57%) had partial dehiscence, whereas 4 (16%) cases had wounddehiscence in LAARP group of which 3 (12%) had partial and 1 (4%) had complete dehiscence. Retraction of the neo-anus was seen in 6 (8.57%) cases of PSARP group while in 2 (8%) cases of LAARP group. Ectopically placed neo-anus was seen in 3 (4.28%) patients of PSARP group while in none of the cases in LAARP group. None of the patients in LAARP group had anal stenosis, whereas 2 (2.85%) patients underwent redoanoplasty in PSARP group for anal stenosis. Mucosal prolapse was seen in 8 (11.42%) cases of PSARP group, as compared to 3 (12%) patients of LAARP group. The net average Kelly’s score in LAARP group was 4.56, whereas, in PSARP group, it was 4.10. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the emerging laparoscopic technique for the managementof ARMs. Using this approach, it is possible to achieve better continence rates as the extent of perineal dissection is minimal.
Transient hyperphosphatasemia: A case report
Authors: Sahu Vinay Kumar 
Published: June 2020

Transient hyperphosphatasemia (THP) is characterized by temporary elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (AP). We report a case of a 26-month-old girl referred for slow growth and found to have THP as AP levels returned to normal without active treatment. THP is a benign condition in healthy children, which resolves spontaneously without any intervention. In the absence of signs and symptoms of any underlying liver, bone or gastrointestinal disease, isolated elevation of AP levels should alert the clinician to a diagnosis of THP to avoid expensive, extensive, and unnecessary investigations.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease with multisystem involvement: A case report
Authors: Sahu Vinay Kumar 
Published: June 2020

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a self-limited, usually benign condition of unknown etiology characterized by fever and cervical lymphadenitis. Multisystem involvement is not very common. We report a case of a 14-year-old Chinese boy who presented with prolonged fever, rashes, cervical lymphadenitis, oral ulcers, and weight loss eventually diagnosed with Kikuchi’s disease. This case is interesting as the child subsequently developed multisystem involvement secondary to Kikuchi disease. The child recovered and remains well on follow-up clinic visits. KFD may have to be differentiated from many other infective, inflammatory, and malignant disorders. Diagnosis is confirmed by characteristic histopathological findings on excision lymph node biopsy. Long-term careful monitoring of these patients for signs and symptoms of evolving systemic lupus erythematosus or other autoimmune disorders is required.
Generalized erythroderma in a neonate: Rare presentation of nosocomial candidemia with Candida tropicalis
Authors: Dipak Niraj Kumar , Sheikh Samir Sultanbhai , Madhusudhan D S , Kikani Kishore Kanajibhai , Gandhi Prachi , Shetty Deepa 
Published: June 2020

Candida species are currently one of the most common causes of nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care units with Candida tropicalis emerging as a frequent offending agent. Colonization precedes systemic invasive fungal infections in neonates. It generally manifests with lethargy, increased apneic episodes, feeding intolerance, late-onset thrombocytopenia, hypoglycemia, unexplained hyperglycemia, poor perfusion, and need for increased ventilator requirement. We report a 10-day-old neonate, with late-onset sepsis by C. tropicalis, presenting as generalized erythroderma. We present this case to highlight that nosocomial candidemia with C. tropicalis can present as generalized erythroderma in neonates. Maintaining adequate oral or parenteral fluidintake with monitoring of serum electrolytes is mandatory.
Contribution to the systematic knowledge of endemic Aubrieta pinardii Boiss. (Brassicaceae) from Turkey
Authors: Şirin Emrah , Karaismailoğlu Mehmet Cengiz 
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to document the taxonomical, morphological, anatomical, palynological and cytological characters, and geographical distribution of endemic Aubrieta pinardii Boiss. (Brassicaceae) from Turkey. The description of the taxon was revised as a consequence of comprehensive assessments of many specimens. The surface pictures belonging to seed and pollen of the taxon were obtained by Scanning Electron Microscope. The seed surface ornamentation was rugose. The pollen was radially and isopolar and prolate in forms, with polar axes of 19.52 ± 0.29 μm and equatorial axes of 13.04 ± 0.22 μm, with oval outlines in the equatorial axes, and elliptical in the polar axes. They were three–colpate and colpus sizes varied between 12.98 μm and 13.29 μm in length, and between 1.33 and 2.09 μm in width. Also, the anatomical structures of the root, stem and leaf of species were studied. In cytological studies, the chromosome number of species was found as 2n = 16 (x =8). This was the first work including taxonomical, morphological (macro and micro), anatomical and cytological data of endemic Aubrieta pinardii.
Bangladesh J.Plant Taxon. 27(1): 27-35, 2020 (June)
Preliminary taxonomic study on homestead flora of four districts of Bangladesh: Magnoliopsida
Authors: Roy Goutam Kumer , Khan Saleh Ahammad 
Published: June 2020

This study has documented the contemporary taxonomic information on the species of the class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) extant in the homestead areas of Dhaka, Gazipur, Manikganj and Tangail districts of Bangladesh. In these areas, the Dicotyledons are comprised of total 455 species under 302 genera belonging to 78 families. Fabaceae with 41 species is the largest family and Solanum and Lindernia are the largest genera. Total 238 species are herbs followed by 129 species of trees and 88 species of shrubs. Total 332 species are economically useful. The composition and distribution of the species of this plant group are remarkably variable in the homestead areas of the four districts. The current status of seven threatened species viz., Abroma augusta, Andrographis paniculata, Aniseia martinicensis, Mucuna bracteata, Pterocarpus santalinus, Rauvolfia serpentina and Tournefortia roxburghii, included in the Red Data Book of Bangladesh and extant in the study area, has been evaluated and described. This study has identified some threats to the homestead flora and formulated some recommendations for the conservation of threatened and declining native plant species of the study area. The data provided by this study will serve as an important baseline to track the trend of changes in the floristic composition and diversity and sustainable development of plant genetic resources in the homesteads of the study area.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 37-65, 2020 (June)
Plectological and molecular identification of economically important wild Russulales mushrooms from Pakistan and their antifungal potential against food pathogenic fungus Aspergillus niger
Authors: Sarwar Samina , Aziz Tanzeela , Muhammad Hanif - , Ilyas Sobia , Saba Malka , Khalid Sana , Muhammad Fiaz - 
Published: June 2020

Present study deals with the plectological and molecular analysis as well as use of economically important wild Russuloid mushrooms against food pathogenic fungus Aspergillus niger. Three different species of mushrooms viz., Russla laeta, R. nobilis, and R. nigricans were collected and identified from Himalayan range of Pakistan and are found as new records for this country. Major objective of this study was to highlight the importance of these wild creatures as antifungal agents against A. niger. For this purpose methanolic extract of selected mushrooms of different concentration levels viz., 1, 1.5, 2 and 3% were used. This activity is also first time reported from Pakistan by using this group of mushrooms. Results showed that all tested mushrooms exhibit growth inhibition of A. niger and can be used as biocontrol agents. R. nigricans showed maximum inhibition of fungus growth that is 62% at 3% concentrations while minimum inhibition was observed in R. nobilis at same concentration that is 43.6%.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 67-77, 2020 (June)
An annotated checklist of weed flora in Odisha, India
Authors: Panda Taranisen , Mishra Nirlipta , Rahimuddin Shaikh , Pradhan Bikram K , Mohanty Raj B 
Published: June 2020

This study consolidated our understanding on the weeds of Bhadrak district, Odisha, India based on both bibliographic sources and field studies. A total of 277species of weed taxa belonging to 198 genera and 65 families are reported from the study area. About 95.7% of these weed taxa are distributed across six major superorders; the Lamids and Malvids constitute 43.3% with 60 species each, followed by Commenilids (56 species), Fabids (48 species), Companulids (23 species) and Monocots (18 species). Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae are best represented. Forbs are the most represented (50.5%), followed by shrubs (15.2%), climber (11.2%), grasses (10.8%), sedges (6.5%) and legumes (5.8%). Annuals comprised about 57.5% and the remaining are perennials. As per Raunkiaer classification, the therophytes is the most dominant class with 135 plant species (48.7%).The use of weed for different purposes as indicated by local people is also discussed. This study provides a comprehensive and updated checklist of the weed speciesof Bhadrak district which will serve as a tool for conservation of the local biodiversity.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 85-101, 2020 (June)
Mycoflora associated with symptomatic leaves of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. in Bangladesh
Authors: Yasmin Zuhra , Shamsi Shamim 
Published: June 2020

Fifteen fungal species representing 12 genera were found to be associated with leaf spot and anthracnose diseases of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. which were collected from different habitats of Bangladesh. Fungi were isolated following ‘tissue planting’ and ‘blotter’ method. The isolated fungi were Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fr., A. niger van Tieghm, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Fusarium sp.1. Fusarium sp. 2, Macrophoma sp., Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc.) Mason, Penicillium digitatum Saccardo, Penicillium italicum Whemer, Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay, Pseudocercospora libenbergii (Syd.) Deighton, Rhizopus stolonifera Vuillemin. Toney, Trichoderma viride Pers. During the present investigation, Pseudocercospora libenbergii is a new record for Bangladesh.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 129-136, 2020 (June)