bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appetitive and aversive social learning with living and dead conspecifics in crickets
Authors: Ebina Hiroki , Mizunami Makoto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany animals acquire biologically important information from conspecifics. Social learning has been demonstrated in many animals, but there are few experimental paradigms that are suitable for detailed analysis of its associative processes. We established procedures for appetitive and aversive social learning with living and dead conspecifics in well-controlled stimulus arrangements in crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus. A thirsty demonstrator cricket was released in a demonstrator room and allowed to visit two drinking apparatuses that contained water or saltwater and emitted apple or banana odour, and a thirsty learner was allowed to observe the demonstrator room through a net. In the post-training test, the learner preferred the odour of the water-containing apparatus at which the demonstrator stayed. When a dead cricket was placed on one of the two apparatuses, the learner avoided the odour of that apparatus. Further experiments suggested that a living conspecific can be recognized by either visual or olfactory cues for appetitive social learning, whereas olfactory cues are needed to recognize a dead conspecific for aversive social learning, and that different associative processes underlie social learning with living and dead conspecifics. The experimental paradigms described here will pave the way for detailed research on the neural basis of social learning.
A community approach to the Neotropical ticks-hosts interactions
Authors: Estrada-Peña Agustín , Nava Santiago , Tarragona Evelina , de la Fuente José , Guglielmone Alberto A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe relationships between ticks and hosts are relevant to capture the ecological background driving the evolution of these parasites. We used a set of 4,764 records of ticks of the genera Amblyomma, Ixodes, and Haemaphysalis and their hosts in the Neotropics to approach the tick-host relationships using a network-based construct. The network identified 9 clusters of interacting hosts and ticks partially connected by 22 tick species that switch their host range according to their life cycle stage. These links among clusters do not confer an extra resilience to the network following removal of hosts and subsequent cascade extinctions of ticks: the robustness of the network slightly changed when these inter-clusters links are considered. Phylogenetic clustering of ticks to hosts at cluster level was not significant (p > 0.15) but if examined individually 63 tick species/stages (59%) displayed such clustering, suggesting that their hosts have a related phylogenetic background. We interpreted these results under an ecological perspective in which ticks could track its environmental niche associating to vertebrates that would maximize tick survival under the range of abiotic traits. We encourage these integrated analyses to capture the patterns of circulation of tick-transmitted pathogens, a topic still unaddressed in the Neotropical region.
Sofosbuvir as a potential alternative to treat the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic
Authors: Jácome Rodrigo , Campillo-Balderas José Alberto , Ponce de León Samuel , Becerra Arturo , Lazcano Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs of today, there is no antiviral for the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the development of a vaccine might take several months or even years. The structural superposition of the hepatitis C virus polymerase bound to sofosbuvir, a nucleoside analog antiviral approved for hepatitis C virus infections, with the SARS-CoV polymerase shows that the residues that bind to the drug are present in the latter. Moreover, a multiple alignment of several SARS-CoV-2, SARS and MERS-related coronaviruses polymerases shows that these residues are conserved in all these viruses, opening the possibility to use sofosbuvir against these highly infectious pathogens.
STEAP1 facilitates metastasis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of lung adenocarcinoma via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Huo Shu-fen , Shang Wen-li , Yu Min , Ren Xiao-ping , Wen Hong-xia , Chai Chun-yan , Sun Li , Hui Ke , Liu Ling-hua , Wei Sheng-hong , Wang Xiao-xiao , Wang Yi , Tian Ying-xuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-1 (STEAP1) is a relatively newly identified gene target from prostate cancer, breast cancer, and gastric cancer. However, functions of STEAP1 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are still unknown. In the present study, we explored the molecular and cellular mechanisms of STEAP1 in LUAD. Western blot and Q-PCR were conducted to detect the protein and mRNA expressions respectively. The cell proliferation was tested by CCK8 assay. The effects of STEAP1 on the metastasis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of LUAD were evaluated by EdU assay, wound healing assay, and transwell migratory assay. H1650, H358, HCC827, H1299, H23, A549, H1693 were selected as human LUAD cell lines in the study. Results have shown that STEAP1 expression was up-regulated in LUAD cells compared with normal lung epithelial cells. Knockdowning of STEAP1 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD epithelial cells. Importantly, after comparing the proliferation, migration, and invasion of LUAD to the corresponding control groups treated in STAT3 inhibitor ADZ1480, we found that STEAP1 regulates EMT via Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway. In conclusion, STEAP1 can serve as a therapeutic target, and it may have important clinical implications for LUAD treatment.
NuSTAR view of Swift/BAT AGN: The R−Γ correlation
Authors: Panagiotou C. , Walter R. 
Published: June 2020

Context. The reflection hump is a prominent feature in the hard X-ray spectrum of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Its exact shape and its correlation to other quantities provide valuable information about the inner and outer regions of an AGN.
Aims. Our main goal is to study the reflection hump in a large sample of nearby AGN. We aim to investigate the evolution of reflection with absorption and its correlation with the spectral index.
Methods. We analysed archived NuSTAR observations of the 70-month BAT catalogue AGN. By performing a detailed spectral analysis, we were able to constrain the spectral parameters and to investigate the reflection emission in a large sample of individual sources.
Results. The reflection strength was found to be strongly correlated with the power-law slope in unabsorbed sources, pointing towards disc reflection for these sources. Different possible explanations were tested and the most likely one is that the corona is moving either towards or away from the disc with a moderately relativistic velocity. An R − Γ correlation was not detected for absorbed sources. In addition, these AGN feature harder spectra, suggesting intrinsic differences between the two classes or a slab geometry for the X-ray source.
Calibrating the surface brightness – color relation for late-type red giants stars in the visible domain using VEGA/CHARA interferometric observations
Authors: Nardetto N. , Salsi A. , Mourard D. , Hocdé V. , Perraut K. , Gallenne A. , Mérand A. , Graczyk D. , Pietrzynski G. , Gieren W. , Kervella P. , Ligi R. , Meilland A. , Morand F. , Stee P. , Tallon-Bosc I. , ten Brummelaar T. 
Published: June 2020

Context. The surface brightness – color relationship (SBCR) is a poweful tool for determining the angular diameter of stars from photometry. It was for instance used to derive the distance of eclipsing binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which led to its distance determination with an accuracy of 1%.
Aims. We calibrate the SBCR for red giant stars in the 2.1 ≤ V − K ≤ 2.5 color range using homogeneous VEGA/CHARA interferometric data secured in the visible domain, and compare it to the relation based on infrared interferometric observations, which were used to derive the distance to the LMC.
Methods. Observations of eight G–K giants were obtained with the VEGA/CHARA instrument. The derived limb-darkened angular diameters were combined with a homogeneous set of infrared magnitudes in order to constrain the SBCR.
Results. The average precision we obtain on the limb-darkened angular diameters of the eight stars in our sample is 2.4%. For the four stars in common observed by both VEGA/CHARA and PIONIER/VLTI, we find a 1σ agreement for the angular diameters. The SBCR we obtain in the visible has a dispersion of 0.04 magnitude and is consistent with the one derived in the infrared (0.018 magnitude).
Conclusions. The consistency of the infrared and visible angular diameters and SBCR reinforces the result of 1% precision and accuracy recently achieved on the distance of the LMC using the eclipsing-binary technique. It also indicates that it is possible to combine interferometric observations at different wavelengths when the SBCR is calibrated.
First detection of ozone in the mid-infrared at Mars: implications for methane detection
Authors: Olsen K. S. , Lefèvre F. , Montmessin F. , Trokhimovskiy A. , Baggio L. , Fedorova A. , Alday J. , Lomakin A. , Belyaev D. A. , Patrakeev A. , Shakun A. , Korablev O. 
Published: June 2020

Aims. The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter was sent to Mars in March 2016 to search for trace gases diagnostic of active geological or biogenic processes.
Methods. We report the first observation of the spectral features of Martian ozone (O3) in the mid-infrared range using the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite Mid-InfaRed (MIR) channel, a cross-dispersion spectrometer operating in solar occultation mode with the finest spectral resolution of any remote sensing mission to Mars.
Results. Observations of ozone were made at high northern latitudes (>65°N) prior to the onset of the 2018 global dust storm (Ls = 163–193°). During this fast transition phase between summer and winter ozone distribution, the O3 volume mixing ratio observed is 100–200 ppbv near 20 km. These amounts are consistent with past observations made at the edge of the southern polar vortex in the ultraviolet range. The observed spectral signature of ozone at 3000–3060 cm−1 directly overlaps with the spectral range of the methane (CH4) ν3 vibration-rotation band, and it, along with a newly discovered CO2 band in the same region, may interfere with measurements of methane abundance.
Nicht-invasive Hirnstimulation als Behandlungsverfahren bei
Essstörungen – ein narrativer Überblick
Authors: Schag Kathrin , İnce Başak , Zipfel Stephan , Max Sebastian , Plewnia Christian , Giel Katrin 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Therapieerfolge in der Essstörungsbehandlung sind oft
eingeschränkt und nicht nachhaltig. Daher besteht weiterhin
großer Bedarf an der Weiterentwicklung von vorliegenden
Behandlungsangeboten und innovativen Therapieansätzen.
Nicht-invasive Hirnstimulation (NIHS) ist ein innovativer Ansatz, der bei
Patientinnen mit Essstörungen (ES) seit kurzem eingesetzt wird. Der
vorliegende Artikel gibt einen narrativen Überblick über die
am häufigsten eingesetzten Stimulationsverfahren sowie die aktuelle
Studienlage bezüglich ihrer Wirksamkeit in der Behandlung.
Methodik Wir haben eine Literaturrecherche in der PubMed-Datenbank zu
dem Thema NIHS bei ES durchgeführt und dabei 32 relevante Artikel
identifiziert. Nur 9 dieser Artikel beschreiben empirische Studien an
Patientinnen mit ES.
Ergebnisse Die Studien wurden an Patientinnen mit verschiedenen
ES-Diagnosen, mit unterschiedlichen Behandlungszielen, unterschiedlichen
Stimulationstechniken und Unterschieden in Häufigkeit, Dauer und
Intensität der Stimulation durchgeführt. Einige, aber nicht
alle Studien weisen auf Verbesserungen in den jeweils untersuchten
ES-Symptomen, z. B. der Reduktion des Verlangens nach Nahrung, des
restriktiven Essverhaltens und ES-bezogener Kognitionen hin.
Diskussion Es liegen nur wenige Studien vor, die den Einsatz von NIHS
bei ES beschreiben. Die Studienlage ist sehr heterogen. Insgesamt sprechen
die Befunde dafür, dass NIHS einen vielversprechenden
Behandlungsansatz für ES darstellt.
Aspectos genéticos nas afecções do ombro
Authors: Cohen Carina , Figueiredo Eduardo A. , Belangero Paulo S. , Andreoli Carlos Vicente , Leal Mariana Ferreira , Ejnisman Benno 
Published: June 2020

ResumoA influência da herança genética tem sido cada vez mais investigada nas afecções do ombro, como a lesão do manguito rotador, instabilidade e ombro congelado. Ainda que os achados iniciais sejam pouco esclarecedores, é necessário construir progressivamente um banco de marcadores genéticos para catalogar perfis genômicos que, mais adiante, poderão contribuir para a previsão do risco da doença, desenvolvimento de melhores ferramentas de diagnóstico e tratamento. O presente artigo busca atualizar o que há de evidências de estudos genéticos na literatura para essas doenças, desde análises de polimorfismos, expressão de genes candidatos em tecidos e estudos de associação genômica ampla (GWAS, na sigla em inglês). Porém, é necessário apontar que existe grande dificuldade na replicação e utilização dos achados, principalmente em razão da falta de poder estatístico, da alta taxa de resultados falso-positivos e da grande quantidade de variáveis envolvidas.
Parafusos pediculares e violação facetária – A importância do ângulo entre a faceta e o parafuso
Authors: Amaral Rodrigo , Pimenta Luiz , Netto Angelo Guarçoni , Pokorny Gabriel Henrique , Fernandes Raquel 
Published: June 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Verificar se, independente da técnica de colocação do parafuso, há uma distância ou angulação segura em relação as facetas para que os parafusos sejam colocados de modo a evitar a violação da articulação facetária.
Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, comparativo, não randomizado, em centro único. Foram avaliados em tomografia computadorizada axial: o ângulo do parafuso/barra em relação a linha média, o ângulo do centro das facetas em relação a linha média, a distância entre a cabeça do parafuso/barra até a linha média, e a distância do centro das facetas até a linha média; a violação da articulação facetária será avaliada em uma gradação de 0 a 2. Serão também calculados a diferença entre o ângulo do parafuso e ângulo da faceta (Δ Ångulo) e também a diferença entre a distância da faceta e a distância do parafuso (Δ Distância).
Resultados Um total de 212 pacientes e 397 facetas foram analisados (196 do lado esquerdo e 201 do lado direito). Destes, 303 foram não violados (grau 0), correspondendo a 76,32%, e 94 sofreram algum tipo de violação (grau 1 e 2), correspondendo a 23,68%. A média do Δ ângulo foi de 9,87° +/−  4,66° (grau 0) e de 3,77° +/−  4,93° em facetas (grau 1 e 2) (p < 0.001), e o Δ distância médio nos casos em que não houve violação foi de 0,94 unidades aleatórias (u.a.) +/− 0,39 u.a., enquanto o Δ distância de casos G1 e G2 foi de 0,56 u.a. +/−  0,25 u.a. (p < 0.001).
Conclusão As medidas de ângulo e distância entre faceta e parafuso, podem auxiliar na colocação de parafusos. Esses parâmetros podem ser utilizados como medidas de segurança com o uso mais frequentes das técnicas de navegação cirúrgica.
Cotranslational folding cooperativity of contiguous domains of α-spectrin
Authors: Kemp Grant , Nilsson Ola B. , Tian Pengfei , Best Robert B. , von Heijne Gunnar 
Published: June 2020

Significance
In living cells, proteins are produced in a sequential way by ribosomes. This vectorial process allows the growing protein chain to start to fold before translation has been completed. Thereby, cotranslational protein folding can be significantly different than the folding of a full-length protein in isolation. Here, we show how structurally similar repeat domains, normally produced as parts of a single long polypeptide, affect the cotranslational folding of their neighbors. This provides insight into how the cell may efficiently produce multidomain proteins, paving the way for future studies in vivo or with chaperones. We also provide an estimated magnitude of the mechanical force on the nascent chain generated by cotranslational folding, calculated from biochemical measurements and molecular dynamics simulations.
Stabilization of extensive fine-scale diversity by ecologically driven spatiotemporal chaos
Authors: Pearce Michael T. , Agarwala Atish , Fisher Daniel S. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The diversity of living organisms is a fundamental feature of biology, yet still challenging to understand. Genomic data reveal that many closely related strains of bacteria can coexist for far longer than expected from “survival of the fittest.” To explain this, is it necessary to assume a multitude of specialist niches, or are other mechanisms possible? We investigate, from simple but general models, an alternate scenario: coexistence of a large number of closely related strains in a chaotic state driven by ecological interactions. The chaos is characterized by local blooms and busts that are out of sync at different spatial locations. A natural example is multiple nonspecialist strains of a pathogen species infecting multiple strains of a host species.
Topoisomerase I-driven repair of UV-induced damage in NER-deficient cells
Authors: Saha Liton Kumar , Wakasugi Mitsuo , Akter Salma , Prasad Rajendra , Wilson Samuel H. , Shimizu Naoto , Sasanuma Hiroyuki , Huang Shar-yin Naomi , Agama Keli , Pommier Yves , Matsunaga Tsukasa , Hirota Kouji , Iwai Shigenori , Nakazawa Yuka , Ogi Tomoo , Takeda Shunichi 
Published: June 2020

Significance
NER removes helix-destabilizing bulky adducts including UV lesions and crosslinks generated by formaldehyde. NER protects skin cells from carcinogenesis. XP patients deficient in NER develop progressive neurological dysfunction. We discovered that collaboration between TOP1 and the BER pathway can substitute for the lack of NER. This previously unappreciated repair pathway is initiated by TOP1-dependent sensing topological alterations near UV lesions and subsequent SSB formation followed by BER. Considering that the SSB formation by TOP1 is the rate-limiting step, and TOP1 expression is very low in the skin and neuronal tissues, our finding may help understand the molecular mechanisms and genetic determinants underlying the neurological dysfunction of XP patients, although TOP1-relevant endogenous lesions are currently unknown.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-linked β-amyloid mutations promote cerebral fibrin deposits via increased binding affinity for fibrinogen
Authors: Cajamarca Steven A. , Norris Erin H. , van der Weerd Louise , Strickland Sidney , Ahn Hyung Jin 
Published: June 2020

Significance
We found an increased interaction between CAA-linked mutant Aβ and fibrin(ogen) that may not only result in severely altered fibrin structure and function but may also lead to vast amounts of fibrin(ogen)/Aβ codeposition, as well as fibrin deposits in HCAA patients. This finding provides a molecular mechanism for how CAA-linked mutations may lead to severe cerebrovascular pathology in HCAA patients by enhancing the protein–protein interaction.
PEBP1 acts as a rheostat between prosurvival autophagy and ferroptotic death in asthmatic epithelial cells
Authors: Zhao Jinming , Dar Haider H. , Deng Yanhan , St. Croix Claudette M. , Li Zhipeng , Minami Yoshinori , Shrivastava Indira H. , Tyurina Yulia Y. , Etling Emily , Rosenbaum Joel C. , Nagasaki Tadao , Trudeau John B. , Watkins Simon C. , Bahar Ivet , Bayır Hülya , VanDemark Andy P. , Kagan Valerian E. , Wenzel Sally E. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Our work identifies regulatory mechanisms between ferroptosis and autophagy. We discovered that PE-binding protein-1 (PEBP1) is pivotal for dynamic interactions between the ferroptotic cell death program and prosurvival autophagy in asthmatic/Type 2 stimulated airway epithelial cells and that concurrent activation of autophagy protects cells from ferroptotic death and mitochondrial DNA release. Similar findings are observed in Type 2 Hi asthmatic epithelial cells where high 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15LO1)–PEBP1 and light chain-3 II (LC3-II) levels associate with low bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mitochondrial DNA and severe disease. Our findings of concomitant activation of ferroptosis and autophagy by 15LO1–PEBP1 complexes and their hydroperoxy-phospholipids reveal a pathobiologic pathway relevant to asthma and amenable to therapeutic targeting.
Direct imaging of rapid tethering of synaptic vesicles accompanying exocytosis at a fast central synapse
Authors: Miki Takafumi , Midorikawa Mitsuharu , Sakaba Takeshi 
Published: June 2020

Significance
At mammalian synapses, synaptic vesicles need to be rapidly reloaded to the limited membrane of transmitter release sites during repetitive firing, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we directly visualized individual synaptic vesicle dynamics near presynaptic membrane of the cerebellar mossy fiber terminal using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Synaptic vesicles became tethered to the presynaptic membrane with unexpectedly rapid time course, almost as fast as synaptic vesicle release. Such newcomers cannot be fusion competent immediately, and additional priming time of 300 ms to 400 ms was required. We propose a mechanistic model which explains how efficient coupling of tethering, vesicle priming, and exocytosis within the limited space of presynaptic active zone can maintain kilohertz synaptic transmission.
Repurposing erectile dysfunction drugs tadalafil and vardenafil to increase bone mass
Authors: Kim Se-Min , Taneja Charit , Perez-Pena Helena , Ryu Vitaly , Gumerova Anisa , Li Wenliang , Ahmad Naseer , Zhu Ling-Ling , Liu Peng , Mathew Mehr , Korkmaz Funda , Gera Sakshi , Sant Damini , Hadelia Elina , Ievleva Kseniia , Kuo Tan-Chun , Miyashita Hirotaka , Liu Li , Tourkova Irina , Stanley Sarah , Lizneva Daria , Iqbal Jameel , Sun Li , Tamler Ronald , Blair Harry C. , New Maria I. , Haider Shozeb , Yuen Tony , Zaidi Mone 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Tadalafil and vardenafil are among the most widely used drugs for erectile dysfunction, which affects nearly 19% of men over 20 y of age. Older men also suffer from age-related bone loss resulting in crippling fractures. We show that in mice, both agents act on bone cells, resulting in the formation of new bone and reduced removal of old bone. Because of this net gain in bone mass, we posit that tadalafil and vardenafil could be used for cotreating erectile dysfunction and osteoporosis in men of advancing age, as well as for treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. We recommend future clinical studies to establish the capability of these drugs to increase bone density and reduce fracture risk in humans.