Abstract 5638: Liver preclinical models - acute, chronic and cancer models
Authors: Duchamp Olivier , Krysa Gael , Artus Robin , Quillery Hugo , Ramelet Maxime , Boullay Valerie , Levenez Laure , Ferment Adelaide , Odillard Jeremy , Boullay Anne-Benedict , Provent Peggy , Nicodeme Edwige , Benhamouche-Trouillet Samira , Lazzari Anne , Morgand Loic 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death and accounts for &gt;80% of primary liver cancer worldwide. Early stage HCC can be treated by local ablation, surgical resection or liver transplantation. Systemic pharmacological options are limited and only a few available (kinase and immune-checkpoint inhibitors). Most cases of liver cancer occur in the setting of chronic liver diseases. Risk factors include chronic Hepatitis B and C, alcohol addiction and metabolic diseases. HCC is a multistep process comprising chronic liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis/cirrhosis and cancer formation. Therefore, providing palliative and curative options remains a high medical need.
In order to better evaluate new preventive and curative treatments of liver cancers we developed complementary and integrated strategies to mimic the liver cancer initiation and progression steps in mouse models. These models involve chemotoxic agents, diet-induced disorders and implantation strategies.
We first established an orthotopic syngeneic model using Hepa1.6 mouse liver hepatoma cells. Hepa1.6-derived tumor growth was characterized through liver index, alpha-fetoprotein measurement in serum and liver, and MRI. The response to chemotherapy (Sorafenib) and immunotherapy (anti PD-1) was also assessed. Moreover, a panel of Patient-Derived Xenograft models (PDXs) are available to assess new treatment options in human HCC with regards of the genetic mutations and the variety of etiologies seen in human.
During the course of HCC formation, the liver undergoes cycles of inflammation, necrosis with regeneration, fibrosis, cell dysplasia and ultimately HCC. Thus, we developed two models of non- alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH); The first model involves chronic administration of hepatotoxic CCL4 associated with a high-fat and high-fructose diet. Mice develop steatohepatitis and fibrosis within 4 to 8 weeks as assessed with biochemistry parameters (AST, ALT…), gene expression levels of inflammatory and fibrotic genes as well as histological scores and MRI. The effect of obeticholic acid was successfully evaluated in this model. The second model is the STAM model induced by a low dose of Streptozotocin and high fat diet regimen. In this model, mice develop metabolic syndrome (increased body weight gain, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia), NASH (steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis) within 12 weeks and HCC within 16 weeks. The responses to standard of care and to immunotherapy together with the characterization of the immune cell populations are currently under investigation.
Altogether, these results demonstrate the usefulness of this liver diseases development program to discover and identify new treatments that could circumvent the progression of liver cancer.
Citation Format: Olivier Duchamp, Gael Krysa, Robin Artus, Hugo Quillery, Maxime Ramelet, Valerie Boullay, Laure Levenez, Adelaide Ferment, Jeremy Odillard, Anne-Benedict Boullay, Peggy Provent, Edwige Nicodeme, Samira Benhamouche-Trouillet, Anne Lazzari, Loic Morgand. Liver preclinical models - acute, chronic and cancer models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5638.