bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the noncovalent interactions of ginsenosides and amyloid‐β‐peptide by CSI‐MS and molecular docking
Authors: Zhou Yanan , Chen Su , Qiao Jinping , Cui Yanyun , Yuan Chang , He Lan , Ouyang Jin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNoncovalent interactions between drugs and proteins play significant roles for drug metabolisms and drug discoveries. Mass spectrometry has been a commonly used method for studying noncovalent interactions. However, the harsh ionization process in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) is not conducive to the preservation of noncovalent and unstable biomolecular complexes compared with the cold spray ionization mass spectrometry (CSI‐MS). A cold spray ionization providing a stable solvation‐ionization at low temperature is milder than ESI, which was more suitable for studying noncovalent drug‐protein complexes with exact stoichiometries. In this paper, we apply CSI‐MS to explore the interactions of ginsenosides toward amyloid‐β‐peptide (Aβ) and clarify the therapeutic effect of ginsenosides on Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the molecular level for the first time. The interactions of ginsenosides with Aβ were performed by CSI‐MS and ESI‐MS, respectively. The ginsenosides Rg1 bounded to Aβ at the stoichiometries of 1:1 to 5:1 could be characterized by CSI‐MS, while dehydration products are more readily available by ESI‐MS. The binding force depends on the number of glycosyls and the type of ginsenosides. The relative binding affinities were sorted in order as follows: Rg1 ≈ Re > Rd ≈ Rg2 > Rh2, protopanaxatriol by competition experiments, which were supported by molecular docking experiment. CSI‐MS is expected to be a more appropriate approach to determine the weak but specific interactions of proteins with other natural products especially polyhydroxy compounds.
Predictability of the rainy season onset date in Central Highlands of Vietnam
Authors: Pham‐Thanh Ha , van der Linden Roderick , Ngo‐Duc Thanh , Nguyen‐Dang Quang , Fink Andreas H. , Phan‐Van Tan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, different criteria to determine the rainy season onset date (RSOD) and its predictability in the Central Highlands (CH) of Vietnam are investigated. Using daily rainfall amounts from 10 meteorological stations for the period 1981–2015, four criteria to determine the RSOD were tested in order to select the one that most reasonably depicts the climatology of the RSOD over the CH. Results show that the RSOD varies strongly from year to year. In the long‐term mean, the onset starts first in southern parts of the CH and then progresses to the northern parts. The earliest onset date is around the beginning of April, and the latest in the second half of May. The average RSOD is on 28 April with a standard deviation of 14 days. Thus, the RSOD is distinct from the summer monsoon onset, namely, leading the mean summer monsoon onset by about 3 weeks in some years. In terms of remote influences, the RSOD in the CH has a high correlation with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation phenomenon, with most RSODs being later during El Niño years, while being earlier during La Niña years. The RSOD in the CH also shows high correlations with sea surface temperatures (SSTs), 850‐hPa zonal winds (U850) and mean sea level pressures (PMSL) over certain regions of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Building on these relationships, the RSOD can be successfully predicted using large‐scale fields of SST, U850 and PMSL as predictors in two different approaches, namely the field mean and principal component analysis. This suggests that the overall approach can also be applied in predicting the RSOD in the CH on sub‐seasonal to seasonal timescales.
The significance of surgically modifying soft tissue phenotype around fixed dental prostheses: An American Academy of Periodontology best evidence review
Authors: Lin Guo‐Hao , Curtis Donald A. , Kapila Yvonne , Velasquez Diego , Kan Joseph Y.K. , Tahir Peggy , Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo , Kao Richard T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review endeavored to investigate the effect of soft tissue phenotype modification therapy (PhMT‐s) at sites with a tooth or an implant supported fixed dental prosthesis.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted by two independent examiners to identify relevant studies reporting differences in clinical, esthetic, or radiographic outcomes of interest between sites underwent PhMT‐s and sites that remained untreated. Risk of bias assessment was calculated for all included studies. Meta‐analyses involving endpoints of interest were performed when feasible.ResultsNo controlled studies pertaining to tooth sites were identified. A total of six articles reporting on the outcomes of buccal soft tissue phenotype modification around implants were selected, of which, five were included in the meta‐analyses. Quantitative analyses showed a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 0.98 mm (95% CI = 0.25 to 1.72 mm, P = 0.009) for change of tissue thickness; a WMD of −4.87% (95% CI = −34.27 to 24.53%, P = 0.75) for bleeding on probing (BOP); a WMD of 0.36 mm (95% CI = 0.12 to 0.59 mm, P = 0.003) for mucosal recession (MR); a WMD of 0.13 mm (95% CI = −0.11 to 0.36 mm, P = 0.30 for probing depth (PD); a WMD of 1.08 (95% CI = −0.39 to 2.55, P = 0.15) for pink esthetic score (PES), and a WMD of 0.40 mm (95% CI = −0.34 to 1.14 mm, P = 0.28) for marginal bone loss (MBL).ConclusionsSurgical modification of peri‐implant soft tissue phenotype via PhMT‐s may decrease the amount of MR. Future clinical trials are needed to warrant the clinical benefits of modifying soft tissue phenotype around tooth‐supported restorations.
Chicken Tallow, a Renewable Source for the Production of Biosurfactant by Yarrowia lipolytica MTCC9520, and its Application in Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis
Authors: Radha Panjanathan , Suhazsini Priya , Prabhu Keerthana , Jayakumar Anjali , Kandasamy Ramani 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present study is focused on the production of a biosurfactant using Yarrowia lipolytica MTCC 9520 by employing inexpensive lipid waste, chicken tallow from slaughterhouses. Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken Design analyses were adopted for preliminary screening of medium variables and further optimization. The maximal yield of 4.4 g L−1 of the biosurfactant was obtained from the optimized medium. The highest emulsification activity was found to be 55%, and the surface tension decreased to 37 mN m−1 at the end of 96 h. The critical micelle concentration of the biosurfactant was calculated as 1.2%. The produced biosurfactant was characterized as cationic lipoprotein in type, and the proteins present in the biosurfactant were observed to have molecular weights between 75 and 100 kDa. The fatty acids composition of the biosurfactant was detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis confirmed the lipoprotein nature of the extracted biosurfactant. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed the thermostable nature of the extracted biosurfactant. Surface plasmon resonance vibration peak at 421 nm was observed for the surfactant‐stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) through UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The average particle size of the synthesized AgNP was calculated as 7.2 ± 0.4 nm from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Energy dispersive x‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy exhibited the presence of silver in the synthesized nanoparticles. The zeta potential value of the synthesized AgNP was measured as −22.2 mV, and the polydispersity index was found as 2.3 through dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis.
Effect of Fe:ligand ratios on hydroponic conditions and calcareous soil in Solanum lycopersicum L. and Glycine max L. fertilized with heptagluconate and gluconate
Authors: Islas‐Valdez Samira , López‐Rayo Sandra , Arcos Jessica , Menéndez Nieves , Lucena Juan J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe environmental risk from the application of synthetic chelates has led to the use of biodegradable complexes to correct Fe deficiency in plants. In this article, the Fe oxidation state, the Fe:ligand ratio, and the molecular weight distribution for heptagluconate (G7) and gluconate (G6) are considered as key factors for the efficacy of complexes as fertilizers. Complexes with different Fe:ligand ratios were prepared and analyzed by gel filtration chromatography (GFC). The ability of Fe:ligand ratios to provide Fe to tomato in hydroponics and soybean in calcareous soil was tested and compared with synthetic chelates (Fe3+:HBED and Fe3+:EDTA).RESULTSG7 presented greater capacity to complex both Fe(II) and Fe(III) than G6, but the Fe(II) complexes exhibited poor stability at pH 9 and oxidation in solution. Gel filtration chromatography demonstrated the polynuclear nature of the Fe3+:G7 at various ratios. The effectiveness of the Fe fertilizers depend on the Fe3+:ligand ratio and the ligand type, the Fe3+:G7 (1:1 and 1:2) being the most effective. Fe3+:G7 (1:1) also presented a better response for the uptake of other micronutrients.CONCLUSIONFe3+:G7 molar ratios have been shown to be critical for plant Fe uptake under hydroponic conditions and with calcareous soil. Thus, the Fe3+:G7 at equimolar ratio and 1:2 molar ratio can be an environmentally friendly alternative to less degradable synthetic chelates to correct Fe chlorosis in strategy I plants. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Overcoming latency with motion prediction in directional autostereoscopic displays
Authors: Zhang Hantao , Chen Mingjun , Li Xiaoke , Li Kunyang , Chen Xuehao , Wang Jiahui , Liang Haowen , Zhou Jianying , Liang Weitang , Fan Hang , Ding Ruijie , Wang Shuying , Deng Dongyan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImaging delivering to correct retina assisted with tracking technique is a common practice for autostereoscopic displays with stereo two‐view data format. Due to various latencies produced in camera buffering, computer processing, data transmission, and illumination refreshing, delayed image delivery will give rise to a substantial degradation of the 3D display experience. This is particularly obvious for directional backlight 3D displays where significant flickering is resulted as a result of the inherent latency. This work systematically analyzes the source of latency by quantitatively measuring the exact latency value in a typical directional backlight autostereoscopic display. Based on accurate measurement, a motion prediction solution is proposed to improve the synchronization between the backlight illumination and viewer's eye location. Motion prediction helps overcome the lag between the center of illumination and viewer's eye, providing a flicker‐free viewing experience for both a stationary and a moving viewer.
Chromatographic identification of “green capping agents” extracted from Nasturtium officinale (Brassicaceae) leaves for the synthesis of MoO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Shaheen Irum , Ahmad Khuram Shahzad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA low‐temperature, efficient and effective method was investigated for phytochemical hydroethanolic extraction of Nasturtium officinale (Brassicaceae). The phytocompounds of the selected plant leaves were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy. Acetic acid, d‐alanine, octodrine, decanoic acid, and cyclohexylethylamine were the major phytocompounds identified in N. officinale leaves with high similarity match and spectral purity. The reducing and stabilizing potential of the extracted phytochemicals was demonstrated by synthesizing the metal oxide nanoparticles (MoO3) by treating ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (H4MO7N6O24.4H2O) aqueous complex with bioactive compounds of the leaves. The bio‐synthesized MoO3 nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, and gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy. Gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy identified acetic acid, d‐alanine, and octodrine as stabilizing agents in the synthesis of MoO3 nanoparticles.
Distribution of sapogenins in morphological Medicago sativa L. parts: Comparison of various extraction techniques
Authors: Kiełbasa Anna , Krakowska‐Sieprawska Aneta , Kowalkowski Tomasz , Rafińska Katarzyna , Buszewski Bogusław 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSaponins in plant extracts were indirectly determined by estimation of the content of sapogenins. The first step of determination is extraction with high efficiency. One conventional extraction technique (maceration) and two modern ones (accelerated solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction) were compared. Methanol and ethanol were used as solvents or co‐solvents. The results were supported by statistical analysis. Saponins were extracted from leaves, roots, and sprouts of Medicago sativa. Acid hydrolysis, purification, and determination by high‐performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector were used. The content of sapogenins was the highest in the roots. Smaller amounts of sapogenins were found in sprouts and the smallest ones in leaves. The main ingredient was medicagenic acid with mean concentration of 621.8 µg/g in roots, 456.7 µg/g in sprouts, and 471.3 µg/g in leaf extract. The highest content of sapogenins in extract was obtained after maceration with methanol; however, this method is nonselective in relation to biologically active compounds. Due to the possibility of using the obtained extracts with sapogenins in the cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry, the selection of extraction techniques and solvents is a very important aspect. Additionally, the chosen technique should be considered eco‐friendly and consistent with the assumptions of “green chemistry.”
The membrane topology of immunity proteins for the two‐peptide bacteriocins carnobacteriocin XY, lactococcin G, and lactococcin MN shows structural diversity
Authors: Britton Angelle P. , van der Ende Sarah R. , van Belkum Marco J. , Martin‐Visscher Leah A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe two‐peptide bacteriocins produced by Gram‐positive bacteria require two different peptides, present in equimolar amounts, to elicit optimal antimicrobial activity. Producer organisms are protected from their bacteriocin by a dedicated immunity protein. The immunity proteins for two‐peptide bacteriocins contain putative transmembrane domains (TMDs) and might therefore be associated with the membrane. The immunity protein CbnZ for the two‐peptide bacteriocin carnobacteriocin XY (CbnXY) was identified by heterologously expressing the cbnZ gene in sensitive host strains. Using protein topology prediction methods and the dual pho‐lac reporter system, we mapped out the membrane topology of CbnZ, along with those of the immunity proteins LagC and LciM for the two‐peptide bacteriocins lactococcin G and lactococcin MN, respectively. Our results reveal wide structural variety between these immunity proteins that can contain as little as one TMD or as many as four TMDs.
Co‐dynamics of Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial populations during the first year of symbiosis with Acropora tenuis juveniles
Authors: Quigley Kate M. , Alvarez Roa Carlos , Torda Greg , Bourne David G. , Willis Bette L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInteractions between corals and their associated microbial communities (Symbiodiniaceae and prokaryotes) are key to understanding corals' potential for and rate of acclimatory and adaptive responses. However, the establishment of microalgal and bacterial communities is poorly understood during coral ontogeny in the wild. We examined the establishment and co‐occurrence between multiple microbial communities using 16S rRNA (bacterial) and ITS2 rDNA (Symbiodiniaceae) gene amplicon sequencing in juveniles of the common coral, Acropora tenuis, across the first year of development. Symbiodiniaceae communities in juveniles were dominated by Durusdinium trenchii and glynnii (D1 and D1a), with lower abundances of Cladocopium (C1, C1d, C50, and Cspc). Bacterial communities were more diverse and dominated by taxa within Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Planctomycetes. Both communities were characterized by significant changes in relative abundance and diversity of taxa throughout the year. D1, D1a, and C1 were significantly correlated with multiple bacterial taxa, including Alpha‐, Deltra‐, and Gammaproteobacteria, Planctomycetacia, Oxyphotobacteria, Phycisphaerae, and Rhizobiales. Specifically, D1a tended to associate with Oxyphotobacteria and D1 with Alphaproteobacteria, although these associations may represent correlational and not causal relationships. Bioenergetic modeling combined with physiological measurements of coral juveniles (surface area and Symbiodiniaceae cell densities) identified key periods of carbon limitation and nitrogen assimilation, potentially coinciding with shifts in microbial community composition. These results demonstrate that Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial communities are dynamic throughout the first year of ontology and may vary in tandem, with important fitness effects on host juveniles.
Duck Egg White–Derived Peptide VSEE (Val‐Ser‐Glu‐Glu) Regulates Bone and Lipid Metabolisms by Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Pathway and Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Guo Danjun , Liu Weiwei , Zhang Xing , Zhao Mengge , Zhu Biyang , Hou Tao , He Hui 
Published: October 2019

ScopeVal‐Ser‐Glu‐Glu (VSEE), identified from duck egg white peptides, has been proven to facilitate calcium absorption in a previous study. Since prevention of osteoporosis is important, it might act as a potential cofactor in osteoporosis prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the regulation of VSEE on osteoporosis and abnormal lipid metabolisms.Methods and resultsMC3T3‐E1 cell and ovariectomized (OVX) rat model are used to evaluate VSEE on regulation of bone and lipid metabolisms. Differentiation and matrix mineralization of preosteoblast are significantly increased by VSEE (p <0.05), which attributed to stimulating calcium influx, then to activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway and regulating runt‐related transcription factor 2 and osteoprotegerin. VSEE can cross Caco‐2/HT‐29 co‐cultured monolayer via paracellular pathway and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), and can be detected in blood and maximum concentration is 122.84 ± 3.68 mg L−1 at 60 min. Additionally, VSEE reverses bone loss and regulate dyslipidemia through Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in OVX rats. Firmicutes phylum, Veillonellaceae, Prevotellaceae and six genera in VSEE group are significantly different compared with the Model group (p < 0.05).ConclusionVSEE promotes bone growth and inhibit abnormal lipid metabolism in an OVX model through the regulation of intestinal microbiota compositions and Wnt/β‐catenin signal pathway.
Epigenetics Predicts Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Vitamin D3 Supplementation in African Americans
Authors: Chen Li , Dong Yanbin , Chen Jie , Huang Ying , Zhu Haidong 
Published: October 2019

ScopeThe effects of vitamin D3 supplementations on circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] are varied. The hypothesis that the baseline DNA methylation plays a role in the serum 25(OH)D response to vitamin D3 supplementation is tested.Methods and resultsA randomized clinical trial is first conducted among 64 African Americans, who are randomly assigned to a placebo or a 16‐week treatment of 600, 2000, and 4000 IU d–1 of vitamin D3 supplements. Expected serum 25(OH)D concentrations at posttest are estimated by intervention, age, gender, body mass index, baseline 25(OH)D concentrations, and seasonal variations. The 25(OH)D response is categorized into a high‐response group when the actual 25(OH)D concentrations at posttest are higher than expected, and a low‐response group otherwise. The 25(OH)D response is associated with baseline methylation levels of CYP family and VDR genes (raw p < 0.05). At a genome‐wide level, the baseline methylation level of cg07873128 (OSBPL5) that regulates cholesterol balance and calcium homeostasis is higher in the low‐response group (false discovery rate = 0.028).ConclusionsThe baseline methylation levels of CYP family and VDR modulate 25(OH)D response. In addition, the hypermethylation of cg07873128 at the baseline, which is located in the imprinted gene OSBPL5, may reduce the serum 25(OH)D response to vitamin D3 supplementation.
Rapid and motion‐robust volume coverage using cross‐sectional real‐time MRI
Authors: Voit Dirk , Kalentev Oleksandr , van Zalk Maaike , Joseph Arun A. , Frahm Jens 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo develop a rapid and motion‐robust technique for volumetric MRI, which is based on cross‐sectional real‐time MRI acquisitions with automatic advancement of the slice position.MethodsReal‐time MRI with a frame‐by‐frame moving cross‐section is performed with use of highly undersampled radial gradient‐echo sequences offering spin density, T1, or T2/T1 contrast. Joint reconstructions of serial images and coil sensitivity maps from spatially overlapping sections are accomplished by nonlinear inversion with regularization to the preceding section—formally identical to dynamic real‐time MRI. Shifting each frame by 20% to 25% of the section thickness ensures 75% to 80% overlap of successive sections. Acquisition times of 40 to 67 ms allow for rates of 15 to 25 sections per second, while volumes are defined by the number of cross‐sections times the section shift.ResultsPreliminary realizations at 3T comprise studies of the human brain, carotid arteries, liver, and prostate. Typically, coverage of a 90‐ to 180‐mm volume at 0.8‐ to 1.2‐mm in‐plane resolution, 4‐ to 6‐mm section thickness, and 0.8‐ to 1.5‐mm section shift is accomplished within total measuring times of 4 to 6 seconds and a section speed of 15 to 37.5 mm per second. However, spatiotemporal resolution, contrast including options such as fat saturation and total measuring time are highly variable and may be adjusted to clinical needs. Promising volumetric applications range from fetal MRI to dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI.ConclusionThe proposed method allows for rapid and motion‐robust volume coverage in a variety of imaging scenarios.
Artificial neural network for myelin water imaging
Authors: Lee Jieun , Lee Doohee , Choi Joon Yul , Shin Dongmyung , Shin Hyeong‐Geol , Lee Jongho 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo demonstrate the application of artificial neural network (ANN) for real‐time processing of myelin water imaging (MWI).MethodsThree neural networks, ANN‐IMWF, ANN‐IGMT2, and ANN‐II, were developed to generate MWI. ANN‐IMWF and ANN‐IGMT2 were designed to output myelin water fraction (MWF) and geometric mean T2 of intra‐ and extra‐cellular water signal (GMT2,IEW), respectively, whereas ANN‐II generates a T2 distribution. For the networks, gradient and spin echo data from 18 healthy controls (HC) and 26 multiple sclerosis patients (MS) were utilized. Among them, 10 HC and 12 MS had the same scan parameters and were used for training (6 HC and 6 MS), validation (1 HC and 1 MS), and test sets (3 HC and 5 MS). The remaining data had different scan parameters and were applied to exam effects of the scan parameters. The network results were compared with those of conventional MWI in the white matter mask and regions of interest.ResultsThe networks produced highly accurate results, showing averaged normalized root‐mean‐squared error under 3% for MWF and 0.4% for GMT2,IEW in the white matter mask of the test set. In the region of interest analysis, the differences between ANNs and conventional MWI were less than 0.1% in MWF and 0.1 ms in GMT2,IEW (no statistical difference and R2 > 0.97). Datasets with different scan parameters showed increased errors. The average processing time was 0.68 s in ANNs, gaining 11,702 times acceleration in the computational speed (conventional MWI: 7,958 s).ConclusionThe proposed neural networks demonstrate the feasibility of real‐time processing for MWI with high accuracy.