bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Fibre Fraction of Palm Oil Frond Fermented with Different Microbes and Soluble Carbohydrates Addition as Ruminant Feeding
Authors: Astuti T. , Rofiq M. Nasir , Nurhaita  , Santoso U. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This research aimed to analyse the fibre content of palm oil fronds fermentation as a feeding of ruminant for substitution of native grass Fermentation of palm oil frond was done using local microorganisms resources rumen content and Lactobacillus sp. The experimental design used was factorial on complete randomized design 2×3 with 3 replication each treatment. Factor A was the source of inoculums fermentation, where A1=. Lactobacillus sp, A2= local microorganism resources of rumen content, whereas Factor B was the source of soluble carbohydrates where B1 = without a carbohydrates, B2 = rice bran, B3 = tapioca starch. The variables measured were the content of ADF, NDF, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and Silica. The results of this research showed that interaction affect between the source of microorganisms with carbohydrates just on cellulose, no for the other parameters. Factor A were significantly (P < 0.01) on the content of lignin, and fermentation by local microorganism resources of rumen content more lower than Lactobacillus sp. (15.41 Vs 20.71%). The effect (P < 0.05) factor B on ADF, NDF with addition by tapioca starch. This treatment could reduce the content of fibre fraction.
Utilization of local West Sumatra bamboo for laminated bamboo board with different adhesives
Authors: Ismanto Sahadi Didi , Neswati  
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to study the physical and mechanical properties of laminated bamboo boards by using several types of adhesives for different purposes of use. The research design is done explorative, ie reveal facts that may or may not be revealed. Where each observation is done 3 times repetition and the data obtained will be discussed descriptively. The research treatment was A = PVAc adhesives; B = Gambier Adhesives and C = Phenol Adhesives. The results of Laminated bamboo research with 3 types of PVAc adhesive, Gambier and Phenol Formaldehyde were found that the difference of adhesive type usage on bamboo laminated has significant effect on density, fracture (MOR) and internal stickiness (IB) and delamination, but no significant effect on water. All laminated bamboo test parameters obtained meet National Standard Indonesia for plywood. The best laminated bamboo is using Phenol Formaldehyde adhesive with the density value of 1.02g/cm3, water content 13.00%, brokenness 486.84 kg/cm2, internal stickiness 8.40 kg/cm2 and delamination 1.77%. Based on the research that has been done, it is advisable to do advanced research of bamboo laminated with bamboo arrangement with different angle.
Phytochemical content, extract standardization and antioxidant activity of Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn leaf, a potential phytoestrogen source
Authors: Setyawati I , Wijayanti Npad , Wiratmini NI 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Calliandra (
Calliandra calothyrsus
Meissn.) is a leguminous shrubs that almost spread throughout the area of Bali island, especially the area of Baturiti, Tabanan. The ethanol extract of 80% of C. calothyrsus leaves is a potential source of exogenous estrogen in terms of its phytoestrogen content. Potential extract of potassium which is very useful can be consumed in the form of phytopharmaca preparations. One of the requirements to prepare the formulation of phytopharmaceutical preparations should be done related to phytochemical screening and standardization of raw materials. This study aims to perform phytochemical screening and standardization of 80% ethanolic extract of C. calothyrsus leaves. Phytochemical screening can provide an overview of chemical compounds which are contained in C. calothyrsus leaf extracts to their activity. The standardization of extracts will ensure the quality of raw materials extract to be used. The leaf extraction of 80% ethanol yielded as much as 21.85%. Phytochemical screening showed that 80% positive ethanol extracts contained flavonoid group compounds. The powder standardization obtained 8.35% of water content. While the extracts standardization obtained 5.26% of extract water content. The total ash content of the extract was obtained 4.54% and the acid soluble ash content was 0.5%. The ethanol extract of 80% C. calothyrsus leaf has met the standardization of raw material extract.
Application of isolates of indigenous rhizobakteria: effect on the growth and yield of potato var. Cingkariang
Authors: Suwinda R , Warnita  , Chaniago I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Potato var. Cingkariang is originated from Municipality Agam the Province of West Sumatra. This variety has low water content that is good for specific food process such as potato chips and crackers. However, the productivity is low compared to other varieties in Indonesia. Attempts should be made to increase the productivity of potato var. Cingkariang including the introduction of indigenous rhizobacteria to induce better growth and yield. The application of indigenous rhizobacteria is proven to be an easy and environmentally-friendly way to support sustainable agricultural system. This experiment was aimed at determining isolate of rhizobacteria suitable for increasing the growth and yield of potato var. Cingkariang. The experiment was carried out at the experimental station of BPTP Sukarami, Solok from July to November 2018. A completely randomised block design was assigned with three blocks and five treatments as follows: without rhizobacteria, isolate RZ.3.L2.1, isolate RZ.3.L2.2, isolate RZ.3.L2.5, and isolate RZ.1.L2.3. Data were analysed with analysis of variance and mean separation was tested according to HSD 5% level. Results indicated that the isolates did not affect the growth and yield of potato though isolate RZ.3.L2.5 was the best to promote the growth and yield of potato var. Cingkariang.
Perceived Environment-Economic Benefits and Factors Influencing the Adoption of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil Production System by Smallholder Farmers
Authors: Adiprasetyo Teguh , Irnad Irnad , Nusril Nusril 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Palm oil industry plays a vital role in Indonesia economy. The palm oil industry can also support sustainable development since it is based on renewable natural resources. The contribution to sustainable development is hampered if oil palm production system, especially of smallholder farmers is not sustainable. Smallholder farmers consist of almost half of the total of oil palm plantations in Indonesia. The sustainability of oil palm farming of smallholder farmers may influence significantly to the overall sustainability. The adoption of Indonesia sustainable palm oil production system by smallholder farmers may improve the sustainability of oil palm farming. This study aimed to find out if perceived environment-economic benefit differed between conventional and sustainable oil palm farmers and to uncover factors affecting the adoption of Indonesia sustainable oil palm production system. The respondents were selected using a purposive sampling method, comprising of 313 conventional smallholder farmers and 167 smallholder farmers implementing Indonesian sustainable palm oil production system. A structured-questionnaire used to gather data. Descriptive statistics and logic regressions were utilized to analyse the data. The results show that the perceived environment and economic benefit is higher for farmers adopting sustainable palm oil production than conventional farmers. Several factors which were the age of farmer, formal and non-formal education, income, total land managed, the involvement of farmer in a cooperative, and environmental management did not motivate farmers to adopt Indonesian sustainable palm oil production system. While the experience of the farmers, family size, main job, involvement in farmer‘s association, doing good cultivation practice, and plantation management influenced the adoption of Indonesian sustainable palm oil production.
Agribusiness Strategy of Cocoa Farmer’s in Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: indah Pawana Nur , Nurhadi Eko , Hidayat Syarif Imam 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Research purpose are examine and formulating the internal factors, external resources and various folk cocoa agribusiness management’s in Jember Regency. The study was conducted in Rambipuji and Wuluhan Jember. The study population is farmer households (RTP) cocoa and sampling using random sampling. Analysis of the data used is SWOT. The results showed that many internal factors, external of the various aspects of the management of resources and determining the development of the folk cocoa plantation. As an alternative to folk cocoa plantation development strategy is strength which is owned through that take advantage of the opportunities and chances include resources, business management and infrastructure in folk cocoa.
The Creation of Perception and Collaboration in Decreasing The Effects of Climate Change through Stem Education
Authors: Phanphet Suwattanarwong , Jomjunyong Sermkiat , Wangmai Athiwat , Sukprasert Narong , Boonyaprapa Pattana , Suttipong Ratanaree 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of this research was to study environmental catastrophes caused by climate change in northern Thailand, which have had a direct impact on people’s health, their quality of life, and the economy. It was found that the smog caused by forest fires, open-air burning, and smog emissions from vehicles has been the problems in northern Thailand. Furthermore, the level of particulate matter smaller than 10 microns (PM10) could rise to 383 micrograms per cubic meter of air in some years. This level exceeded by three times the air quality standards of Thailand with a 24-hour average level of 120 micrograms per cubic meter of air. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study and develop the instruments, methods, and implementations in reducing the effects of climate change by constructing perception and collaboration in decreasing the effects of climate change through STEM Education with undergraduate students. The participants of this study were 67 students majoring in Industrial and Technological Education at Chiang Mai Rajabhat University who had the pre-service student teaching practicum experience in the academic year 2018. The participants of this study could be role models for knowledge management and publicize the knowledge of reducing catastrophic effects of smog among primary and secondary school students, school staff and communities and give aid when an emergency occurred. There were 40 schools in northern Thailand participating in this research project. With reference to the research findings, they revealed that before participating in this research project, the 67 students had knowledge of catastrophes caused by climate change in northern Thailand at a level of 45 percent on average, while their knowledge increased to 88 percent after taking part in this project. In other words, their knowledge increased by 43 percent or there was a significant increase in knowledge to 95 percent. It can be concluded that the students in this study could create a role model of knowledge management, distribute information on how to decrease catastrophe from the smog, and give help efficiently to the 40 schools participating in this research project when there was an emergency (without significant difference).
Pyrolysis of Polypropylene Plastic Waste into Liquid Fuel
Authors: Bow Yohandri , Rusdianasari  , Sutini Pujiastuti L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Plastic is overused in every life application resulting in the accumulation of plastic waste that takes a long time to decompose. An alternative way of handling plastic waste today is to convert plastic waste into fuel oil or called plastic pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a chemical decomposition of organic matter through a process of heating without or little oxygen in which the raw material will break the chemical structure into a gas phase. One of the factors affecting the pyrolysis process is the heating temperature in the reactor. In this research, the design of the plastic waste pyrolysis tool using the thermal cracking method with a capacity of 500 grams using infrared heating element. The raw materials used are Polypropylene type plastic. The independent variables are temperature variations in the reactor, i.e., 250°C, 300°C, and 350°C. The dependent variable is the mass of plastic waste, operating time, and operating pressure. From the research results, the higher the heating temperature in the reactor, the higher the % yield, density, specific gravity, and volume of liquid product produced. Conversely, the higher the temperature, the lower API Gravity, Heating Value, and Flash Point are.
The impact of the quality of diesel fuel on the efficiency of engines
Authors: Iovleva E L , Kirikova N V , Borisov A A , Stepanov P A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
High-quality diesel fuel is the guarantee of work of an internal combustion engine. Low ambient temperature has an influence on the physical and chemical properties of diesel fuel. It becomes a reason for failure of details of a high pressure fuel pump system. This issue is more acute in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) where the surrounding air temperature can reach up to -60C and where the essential goods are delivered to the regions of the Far North by winter roads. The article illustrates the results of experimental study of the quality of arctic diesel fuel taken from different filling stations of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It also suggests a way of increase of fuel efficiency for equipment operated in the North. The article also presents a mathematical model of fuel cost during winter time. The main operational properties of arctic diesel fuel are studied. The work was carried out in the laboratory of “General, analytical and physical chemistry” department. The samples of diesel fuel were divided into three categories according to their geographic locations: central, northern and riverside. Three samples of arctic diesel fuel from different filling stations were taken in each of the regions. The study revealed that the chosen main properties of diesel fuel, such as: density, viscosity, fractional structure and low-temperature properties differ from standard values.
Development of vehicles to be operated on rough roads and in off-road conditions
Authors: Tsvetkov V V , Rusopov V L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study on the demand for goods vehicles along rough roads. It analyzes the main existing approaches for driving on surfaces with non-hard coatings. The main problems are associated with either roads or existing vehicles to be operated in having no hard-surface roads territories of the Russian Federation. The main directions to develop universal vehicles to be used on rough roads are defined.
The potential capacity of tires to create cornering forces on the roads covered with chemical anti-icing materials
Authors: Fedotov A I , Gergenov S M , Yu Kuznetsov N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the study of the influence of chemical anti-icing materials on the capability of tires to create cornering forces that affect road holding and steerability of a vehicle. In this article bench and road methods of testing of tires rolling along the planes covered with chemical anti-icing materials have been applied. It demonstrates a research method used to determine the stationary and non-stationary characteristics of the elastic tires pull rolling along the planes covered with chemical anti-icing materials. The experiments are obtained in bench conditions on a special tire tester developed by scientists of the Department “Road transport” of Irkutsk National Research Technical University, as well as in road condition on a tire tester developed by scientists of the Department “Road transport” of Irkutsk National Research Technical University and the Department “Automobiles” of East Siberia State University of Technology and Management. The experimental results are presented in graphs. Obtained results allow concluding that on the roads covered with chemical anti-icing materials (CAIM) the capability of tires to create cornering forces is sharply reduced.
Formation of priority movement corridors of urban passenger transport
Authors: Gorev A E , Solodkii A I , Popova O V , Ospanov D T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Principles of the formation of priority movement corridors of urban passenger transport (UPT) are considered. The definition of the corridor of UPT priority traffic flow is given, the conditions and requirements for its formation on the road network are considered. A criteria analysis for the formation of such a corridor is given, recommendations on methods of organizing traffic and separating the flow of road transport and UPT are given.
The calculation method of the length of contact of car tires with the road surface
Authors: Balakina E V , Zadvornov V N , Sarbaev D S , Sergienko I V , Kozlov Yu N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the tasks of modeling the motion stability, controllability and braking dynamics of cars and buses, information is required on the car tires contact length with the road surface. The car tires contact length is usually calculated from geometrical considerations (using the Hedekel formula). In this case, the experimental data of this value turn out to be less than the calculated ones due to the deformation features of the car tires. To account for this reduction in the contact patch length, the authors developed a general method for determining the correction coefficient. Previously, they developed a similar method for low-profile radial passenger car tires. Now it is valid for all passenger and truck tires. This will allow calculating the car tires contact length more correctly.
System planning the motor transport enterprise functioning in freighting in interurban communication
Authors: Trofimova L S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Modern economic conditions, requiring directors to make management decisions aimed at fulfilling the contracts terms and to earn a profit, are underscored. The purpose of the study is to develop a schedule-planning system of a motor transport enterprise (MTE) in order to fulfil the contracts terms and to earn a profit at the expense of commercial and technical maintenance interrelation during the freighting in interurban communication. Records of Commercial and technical operation are submitted in a form of indicators, depending on length of the ride in interurban communication with the cargo and the shipment mass. A scheme, scoring the results of scheduling the upper and lower limits of the ride haul distance with the cargo and the shipments mass with a probability of 0.95, is proposed. The system has been developed under the current methodology concept of the freight MTE work, contemplating the commercial and technical operation correlation and allowing considering the MTE running in the freighting in interurban communication as a probability process. The economic efficiency of the current MTE work scheduling is estimated by the profit margin. For the practical implementation of the proposed system, the author-developed scientific software was used. The use of the developed scheduling system on practice has provided more profit than the profit calculated by the applied method by 10.8%. The presented system will allow determining the planned indicators of commercial and technical operation, costs, results and profits to fulfill the contracts terms by a certain technological scheme in accordance with the needs for freighting, which should be taken into account when managing the resources and capacity of motor transport enterprises on the efficiency criteria basis.
The modern concept of thermal preparation of automotive equipment and tools for its implementation
Authors: Gabitov I I , Negovora A V , Razyapov M M , Kozeev A A , Magafurov R J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The necessity of adjusting the regulatory documentation for the operation of automotive equipment at low temperatures and the development of an “Integrated thermal training system” for it are substantiated. The description of the main components of the heat treatment system and the methods of the heat treatment are given by the example of a hot gas generator. The methods of thermal preparation of ATT, as well as ways to reduce the temperature of the coolant of the generator of hot gases and increase its efficiency, are considered.
Upgrading seat suspension of tractor Belarus 1221
Authors: Polivaev O I , Loschenko A V , Belyansky R G , Kuznetsov A N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ways to reduce vibrations at the tractor operator’s workplace in the unit with a trailer by improving the design of the suspension cushioning system are considered. Analysis of existing types of suspension systems shows that the most effective, in terms of reducing vibration loading, are active and semi-active systems. To reduce the vibration level at the tractor operator’s workplace in an aggregate with a trailer, an active seat suspension design has been developed. It includes a system of sensors and actuators that allow the current stiffness and damping of structural elements to be highly efficient in controlling the tractor operator’s workplace. To assess the effective use of the developed design, and compare it with the efficiency of the serial seat suspension, road tests were carried out. The tractor-transport unit in the tractor Belarus-1221 and the trailer 2PTS-4.5 with the serial and experienced suspension design were chosen as the object of research. During the field tests, the acceleration values were determined for the operator’s seat, the cab floor, the front and rear axles of the tractor. The test results showed that the developed technical solution allows reducing the vibration acceleration levels by 12-18% in comparison with the serial design.
Method of calculating the adaptive damper of the pneumohydraulic spring for the suspension of a high-speed vehicle
Authors: Novikov V V , Pozdeev A V , Markov G V , Pokhlebin A V , Chumakov D A , Chernyshov K V , Leonard A V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This work contains a description and method of calculating the pneumohydraulic spring with the adaptive damper, which is self-regulating depending on the amplitude, frequency, and direction of oscillation of the suspension of a high-speed vehicle on a wheeled and tracked drive.
Methods for implementation results assessment of the contactless fare collection system
Authors: Budrin A , Budrina E , Lebedeva A , Rogavichene L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article presents the research results of the effects arising from the introduction of contactless fare collection system on public urban transport, including technical, technological, economic, organizational, managerial, environmental and synergistic effects. Based on the selected positive effects, economic benefits and possible risks associated with one or another type of effect, the results assessment method of innovative fare collection system implementation has been developed. The proposed indicators system allows making comprehensive assessment of the results of the contactless fare collection system implementation on transport by using available source data. The method application on practice will ensure a scientific and systematic approach to the innovative development of urban passenger transport.