bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Fronto-orbital Contouring and Orthognathic Surgery in Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia
Authors: Prado Bruno Nifossi , Cavalieri-Pereira Lucas 
Published: December 2024

Summary:
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia is a rare congenital sclerosing skeletal dysplasia that presents with facial dimorphism and is clinically described by prominent supraorbital bridges, severe retrognathia, and respiratory problems. Fronto-orbital cranioplasty is necessary to achieve satisfactory aesthetic outcomes. The supraorbital arches were exposed to the nasal bone through coronal access, with the help of a saw and a wear drill, and osteotomy of the frontal and orbital regions with hyperostosis was performed. Our case report describes a rare and difficult to diagnose case with a few publications of a 24-year-old female patient, who presented with metaphyseal dysplasia associated with mandibular retrognathia. As a treatment, fronto-orbital cranioplasty was performed in association with orthognathic surgery. The resolution of the case resulted in excellent functional and aesthetic results, indicating that frontal cranioplasty associated with orthognathic surgery is a plausible treatment for facial dimorphism through craniometaphyseal dysplasia.
Accuracy of type IV collagen 7S versus Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score for diagnosing fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Ishiba Hiroshi , Fujii Hideki , Kamada Yoshihiro , Sumida Yoshio , Takahashi Hirokazu , Seko Yuya , Toyoda Hidenori , Hayashi Hideki , Yamaguchi Kanji , Iwaki Michihiro , Yoneda Masato , Arai Taeang , Shima Toshihide , Morishita Asahiro , Kawata Kazuhito , Tomita Kengo , Kawanaka Miwa , Yoshida Yuichi , Ikegami Tadashi , Notsumata Kazuo , Oeda Satoshi , Fukushima Hideaki , Miyoshi Eiji , Aishima Shinichi , Itoh Yoshito , Okanoue Takeshi , Nakajima Atsushi ,   Japan Study Group of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (JSG-NAFLD)
Published: December 2024

Background:
Various noninvasive tests can be used to identify high-risk groups of patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease/steatohepatitis (MASLD). In this study, we compared the diagnostic performance of serum type 4 collagen 7S (COL4-7S) and the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score for detecting fibrosis in patients with MASLD.

Methods:
Among 1368 patients with MASLD who underwent liver biopsy, 794 with values for both serum COL4-7S and the ELF score were enrolled in this multicenter study. The diagnostic performance of COL4-7S and ELF for detecting fibrosis stage ≥2, fibrosis stage ≥3, and at-risk metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis were evaluated using ROC curve, continuous net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement analyses.

Results:
Both COL4-7S and ELF scores increased significantly with increasing fibrosis. The AUROC for each outcome was higher for COL4-7S than ELF, but not significantly. The diagnostic performance for detecting fibrosis stage ≥2 was significantly better for COL4-7S than for the ELF score (s net reclassification improvement=16.7%, p=0.018; integrated discrimination improvement=3.9%, p<0.01). In patients without diabetes, the diagnostic performance for each outcome did not differ significantly between COL4-7S and ELF score, but in patients with diabetes, the diagnostic performance for fibrosis stage ≥2 was higher for COL4-7S than for the ELF score (AUROC=0.817 vs. 0.773, p=0.04; s net reclassification improvement=32.7%, p<0.01; integrated discrimination improvement=5.6%, p<0.01).

Conclusions:
The diagnostic performance of serum COL4-7S (a single marker) for identifying more advanced disease in patients with MASLD was at least equivalent to that of the ELF score (a combined marker).
High-fat/high-sucrose diet results in a high rate of MASH with HCC in a mouse model of human-like bile acid composition
Authors: Ueda Hajime , Honda Akira , Miyazaki Teruo , Morishita Yukio , Hirayama Takeshi , Iwamoto Junichi , Ikegami Tadashi 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Wild-type (WT) mice fed a conventional high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) rarely develop metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with HCC. Because mouse bile acid (BA) is highly hydrophilic, we hypothesized that making it hydrophobic would lead to MASH with HCC.

Methods:
Eleven-week-old WT and Cyp2a12/Cyp2c70 double knockout (DKO) mice were divided into two groups, including one which was fed a normal chow diet, and one which was fed an HFHSD. Samples were collected after 15, 30, 47, and 58 weeks for histological, biochemical, and immunological analyses.

Results:
In the HFHSD group, body weight gain did not differ in WT versus DKO mice, although HFHSD-fed DKO mice exhibited markedly accelerated liver inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. HFHSD upregulated lipogenesis and downregulated fatty acid oxidation in both WT and DKO mice, which increased liver lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity. However, the increase in reactive oxygen species production and carcinogenesis observed in DKO mice could not be explained by abnormal lipid metabolism alone. Regarding BA metabolism, DKO mice had a higher hydrophobicity index. They exhibited an age-associated increase in chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) levels because of CYP8B1 activity inhibition due to the farnesoid X receptor activation. HFHSD further downregulated CYP8B1, presumably by activating the Liver X receptor. Liver CDCA accumulation was associated with increased inflammation, reactive oxygen species production, and hepatocyte FGF15 induction. Moreover, in noncancerous liver tissues, HFHSD appeared to activate STAT3, an oncogenic transcription factor, which was enhanced by a CDCA-rich environment.

Conclusions:
Here, we developed a new model of MASH with HCC using mice with human-like BA composition and found that HFHSD and elevated hepatic CDCA synergistically increased the risk of MASH with HCC.
Clinical utility of two-step hepatitis E virus IgM antibody testing in a low-prevalence setting: A 10-year retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Chiu Chia-Yu , Razonable Raymund R. , Yao Joseph D. , Watt Kymberly D. , Chesdachai Supavit 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Diagnostic uncertainty caused by the low positive predictive value of HEV-specific IgM antibody (Ab) testing in a low-prevalence setting. We investigated the utility of a two-step HEV IgM Ab testing approach for diagnosing HEV infection.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed all adults who underwent HEV IgM Ab and/or HEV RNA testing from July 2013 through June 2023 at Mayo Clinic. Two-step HEV IgM testing involved initial testing using recomWell HEV IgM ELISA (Mikrogen, Neuried, Germany), with reflex to recomLine HEV IgM Strip (Mikrogen, Neuried, Germany) on all recomWell HEV IgM-reactive or IgM-equivocal specimens, as recomLine HEV IgM has higher specificity than recomWell HEV IgM but is more labor-intensive.

Results:
A total of 1640 patients had HEV IgM Ab or HEV RNA testing, including 1293 (79%) with only HEV IgM Ab testing, 213 (13%) with only HEV RNA testing, and 134 (8%) with both HEV IgM Ab and HEV RNA testing. Eighteen HEV infections were diagnosed with acute (N=16) and chronic (N=2) infections. Two-step IgM Ab testing did not identify 2 solid organ transplant recipients with chronic HEV infection. In acute HEV infection with HEV viremia, 3 out of 4 patients (2 solid organ transplant recipients and 1 patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome) were treated with ribavirin.

Conclusions:
A two-step HEV IgM Ab test may accurately diagnose acute HEV infection in immunocompetent persons. However, this approach fails to identify chronic HEV infection in immunocompromised individuals who need HEV RNA testing to establish the diagnosis.
Topical Losartan for Corneal Fibrosis: A Case Series With Densitometry Analysis
Authors: Burgos-Blasco Barbara , Moloney Gregory 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To present the clinical, topographic, and densitometry outcomes of patients with corneal fibrosis treated with topical losartan.

Methods:
In this case series, patients with corneal scars treated with topical losartan 0.8 mg/mL 4 times a day for 6 months were included. Age, sex, cause of corneal opacity, months with corneal opacity, and previous topical treatment were recorded. Patients were examined at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after starting treatment. At each visit, uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, subjective refraction, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp examination, corneal tomography, and densitometry were performed. Patients were asked about drop comfort and possible side effects on a 0 to 10 self-reported scale.

Results:
Eight eyes of 7 patients (4 males, 3 females, mean age 45.1 ± 12.0 years) were included. Best-corrected visual acuity logMAR was 0.28 ± 0.17 pretreatment and 0.17 ± 0.11 after 6 months of topical losartan (P = 0.358). The visual acuity of 5 eyes improved, 1 eye remained unchanged, and the vision of 2 eyes declined. No changes in topographic and densitometry parameters were noted within the cohort analyzed as a group (all P > 0.05). No systemic side effects were reported, and tolerance was from very good to excellent (all 2/10 or better).

Conclusions:
No significant improvements in visual acuity and densitometry values were noted with topical losartan in this series analyzed as a group. Further research to assess the full scope of clinical applications in corneal fibrosis is needed, particularly randomized clinical trials to address the effect of time and unequivocally prove its beneficial effects.
Effectiveness and Safety of Resident-Performed Same-Day Bilateral 360-Degree Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Xiao Jason , Si Zhuangjun , Qiu Mary 
Published: December 2024

Précis
Resident-performed same-day bilateral selective laser trabeculoplasty are safe and effective for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Purpose:
To assess the efficacy and safety of resident-performed same-day bilateral 360-degree selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT).

Patients and Methods:
Retrospective chart review was performed for patients who received bilateral, resident-performed SLT at the University of Chicago from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022 under the supervision of one glaucoma surgeon (MQ). Patients were included in this analysis if they underwent same-day bilateral 360-degree SLT and had at least 6 months follow-up available. Data were collected on visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of IOP-lowering medications, and complications for up to 2 years after the procedure.

Results:
There were 48 patients included in this analysis, and the diagnosis was either primary open-angle glaucoma (85.4%) or ocular hypertension (14.6%). For patients whose SLT goal was to lower IOP (n=38), the mean baseline IOP in right eyes (OD) was 19.2 mmHg on 2.1 medications, and in left eyes (OS) was 19.5 mmHg on 2.1 medications. At final follow-up (mean 519 days), the mean IOP in right eyes was 15.8 mmHg on 2.0 medications, and in left eyes was 15.8 mmHg OS on 2.2 medications, resulting in an IOP reduction of 17.6% OD and of 18.8% OS. For patients whose SLT goal was to lower medication number (n=10), the mean baseline IOP in right eyes was 16.7 mmHg on 2.3 medications, and in left eyes was 16.4 mmHg OS on 2.3 medications. At final follow-up (mean 528 days), the mean IOP in right eyes was 17.6 mmHg on 1.1 medications, and in left eyes was 16.3 mmHg OS on 1.1 medications, resulting in a medication reduction of 1.1 fewer medications OD and 1.1 fewer medications OS. One patient experienced a 6 mmHg IOP rise above baseline 4 weeks after SLT, and another developed 2 small, focal areas of peripheral anterior synechiae. Six (12.5%) patients underwent additional IOP-lowering surgery during the chart review period.

Conclusions:
Resident-performed same-day bilateral 360-degree SLT is effective and associated with minimal complications, with rates comparable to those of attending-performed SLT in the literature. SLT can be individualized to patients’ goals of IOP-lowering or medication reduction. Teaching institutions can consider incorporating this method of education for appropriate patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Gunsight suture with subcutaneous vacuum drainage during enterostomy decreased the surgical site infection rate in obese rectal cancer patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xiao Zhi-Qiang , San Chang-Ling , Miao Tong-Lin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common complication after stoma closure and is particularly common in obese patients. To reduce the incidence of SSI, various skin closure techniques have been proposed; however, the best technique is still under debate. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of subcutaneous vacuum drains (SVDs) after two surgical suture techniques following stoma reversal in obese patients.

Methods
Data from 190 obese patients with rectal cancer who underwent stoma reversal for enterostomy between February 2012 and April 2023 at Jinxiang Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into two groups: gunsight suture (GS) with SVD and primary linear suture (PLS) with SVD. The GS group and PLS group included 90 and 100 patients, respectively. The clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes were compared between the two groups. Postoperative pain scores were analyzed using a generalized estimation equation.

Results
Surgery was successfully performed in both groups. The rate of SSI in the GS group was significantly lower than that in the PLS group (2.2% vs 9.0%, P = 0.046). Patients in the GS group had a significantly shorter wound healing time than did patients in the PLS group, as well as a significantly shorter postoperative fasting time (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of the postoperative hospital stay, operative time, and estimated blood loss (P > 0.05). The results of the generalized estimation equation analysis showed that the GS group had significantly lower pain scores at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery than the PLS group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the GS group showed significantly better alleviation of wound pain between 12 and 72 h after surgery (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The GS technique with SVD may be recommended for wound closure of a nonfunctioning stoma in obese patients.
Preliminary validation of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in cancer patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Huang Zhe-Yu , Zhang Rui , Yin Rui-Kang , Wang Shi-Jie , Han Jiang-Long , Wang Qi-Lan , Fu Zhen-Ming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has been used in China since 2019. This study aimed to test the use of the GLIM criteria in Chinese cancer patients and to compare the diagnostic performance of the GLIM criteria with the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and modified PG-SGA (mPG-SGA).

Methods
A total of 2,000 cancer patients were consecutively screened using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 instrument on admission. Patients at nutritional risk (Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 score ≥ 3) were enrolled to obtain the complete GLIM, PG-SGA, and mPG-SGA criteria. To evaluate the convergent validity, Spearman correlation analysis was used to compare the test-retest reliability of the GLIM criteria and its results with the scores of various nutritional tools and objective parameters. Kruskal-Wallis tests and χ
2 tests were used to test the discriminant validity among groups with different nutritional status. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the various tools.

Results
There were 562 patients found to be at nutritional risk, accounting for 28.1% of all patients. One hundred seventy-four patients (8.7%) were diagnosed as moderately malnourished, and 333 patients (16.6%) were severely malnourished based on the PG-SGA. When assessed using the GLIM criteria, 185 patients (9.3%) were diagnosed as moderately malnourished and 311 patients (15.5%) were severely malnourished. The content validity of the GLIM criteria was 95%, evaluated by 60 medical staff members. The test-retest reliability was good. For the diagnosis of malnutrition versus the PG-SGA, the sensitivity of the GLIM was “good” (90.5%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 88.0%–93.1%), with a positive predictive value of 92.5% (95% CI = 90.2%–94.9%), but the specificity and negative predictive value were “poor.” Similar results were obtained when the mPG-SGA was used as the criterion.

Conclusions
Overall, this cross-sectional study suggests that the GLIM criteria comprise a valid and reliable tool to assess the nutritional status of Chinese cancer patients.
Comparison of outcomes of community-acquired sepsis and hospital-acquired sepsis in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lamichhane Pratik , Kalansuriya Imesha , Manhalattummal Muhammed Faris , Khanal Kapil , Agrawal Anushka , Pasam Tejaswi , Pandit Pukar 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Subgrouping sepsis by the location of onset, such as hospital-acquired sepsis or community-acquired sepsis, aids in clinical management, planning future interventional studies, and the formulation of healthcare policies. The aim of our study is to describe differences in clinical outcomes between hospital and community-acquired sepsis admitted to critical care units.

Patients and methods:
PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were systematically searched from inception to February 2024. Any observational studies comparing the outcomes of adult patients (≥18 years) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with community-acquired sepsis and hospital-acquired sepsis were included in the analysis. The primary outcome assessed by our study was the risk of mortality in the patients, calculated as a pooled odd’s ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Other secondary outcomes, like length of stay in the ICU, and length of overall hospital stay, were also extracted and studied.

Results:
The risk of death in patients with hospital-acquired sepsis was significantly higher than that in patients with community-acquired sepsis (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.82-2.63, P < 0.001) (Fig. 1). Likewise, patients admitted due to hospital-acquired sepsis were likely to have a longer length of stay in the ICU than patients with community-acquired sepsis (Hedge’s g = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.67-1.87, P < 0.001). The length of total hospital stay was also significantly higher in patients with hospital-acquired sepsis (Hedge’s g = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.20–1.13, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The risk of mortality, the length of ICU stay and overall hospital stay was significantly higher in hospital-acquired sepsis compared to community-acquired sepsis.
Tele-Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Hybrid Form Compared With Conventional Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Authors: Racodon Michaël , Sergeant David , Mucci Patrick , Fabre Claudine 
Published: December 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to study the noninferiority of functional capacity and quality of life between hybrid tele-pulmonary rehabilitation and pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Design
Sixty-four participants underwent a 5-wk pulmonary rehabilitation program and were divided into two groups: a pulmonary rehabilitation group and a hybrid tele-pulmonary rehabilitation group.
The 6-Minute Walk Test, a time limit test, the Single-Leg Stance Test, and the Sit-to-Stand Test were used to evaluate functional capacity, whereas quality of life was self-evaluated using the VQ11 questionnaire.

Results
Both groups had improved their performances in the 6-Minute Walk Test and time limit test, their strength capacity in the Sit-to-Stand Test, and their balance in the Single-Leg Stance Test to a similar extent (P < 0.001) after the 5-wk program. For the quality of life, a more pronounced improvement for the hybrid tele-pulmonary rehabilitation group was observed (P < 0.001) 7 wks and 1 yr after the end of the program.

Conclusions
The effectiveness hybrid tele-pulmonary rehabilitation protocol seems to be comparable to that of the conventional model. Hybrid tele-pulmonary rehabilitation is not inferior with improvements in functional capacity and quality of life.
Prospective Intervention Study Using Immediate-Fit, Adjustable Prostheses for Persons With Lower Limb Loss in Botswana—A Feasibility and Patient Acceptance Trial
Authors: Kebaetse Maikutlo , Mogorosi Ntsatsi , Kenia Jessica , Shofer Frances , Dillingham Timothy 
Published: December 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to test the feasibility of an immediate-fit, adjustable prosthesis (iFIT Prosthesis) for persons with limb loss in Botswana.

Design
As part of the University of Pennsylvania and University of Botswana’s long-term partnership, 18 persons with limb loss were fit at four different locations in Botswana. Patients were followed for 4–9 mos after fitting with an interview and Prosthetic Comfort and Utility questionnaire.

Results
Out of 18 participants, 13 were located and provided follow-up feedback. Seven of the original 13 were still wearing the adjustable socket, while three reverted to their old socket and three did not use any socket. The highest positive rated question was the ability of the socket to accommodate changes in volume. Twelve (92%) of the participants said that they would recommend the system, yet cited that bulk and lack of cosmetic cover as major issues. For participants who had a conventional prosthesis, it took over a year to get their device through prosthetists using conventional fabrication techniques.

Conclusions
This socket system seems to be a feasible option for persons with lower limb loss in Botswana. To address the issues raised by participants and enhance user acceptance, the immediate-fit, adjustable system should become less bulky and include a cosmetic cover.
Prevalence of visual impairment and its causes in adults aged 50 years and older: Estimates from the National Eye Surveys in Malaysia
Authors: Salowi Mohamad Aziz , Naing Nyi Nyi , Mustafa Norasyikin , Wan Nawang Wan Radziah , Sharudin Siti Nurhuda , Ngah Nor Fariza 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPopulation surveys are necessary to measure a community’s eye care needs. We conducted simultaneous surveys in two regions in Malaysia in 2023 to estimate the prevalence of visual impairment (VI), identify its main causes, and compare the results with the survey in 2014.MethodsThe surveys were simultaneously done in Eastern and Sarawak administrative regions using the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) technique. It involved a multistage cluster sampling method, each cluster comprising 50 residents aged 50 years and older. The prevalence of VI (blindness, severeness, moderate, and early) and its primary cause were determined through a visual acuity check and eye examination with a hand-held ophthalmoscope. Results were compared with the previous survey in 2014.ResultsA total of 10,184 subjects were enumerated, and 9,709 were examined (94.5% and 96.2% responses for Eastern and Sarawak, respectively). The prevalence of blindness and severe VI appeared to decrease. For blindness: Eastern 1.4%, 95%CI (0.9, 1.9) to 0.8%, 95%CI (0.5, 1.1) and Sarawak: 1.6% 95%CI (1.0, 2.1) to 0.6%, 95%CI (0.3, 0.9). For severe VI: Eastern 1.2%, 95%CI (0.8, 1.7) to 0.9%, 95%CI (0.6, 1.1) and Sarawak 1.1% 95%CI (0.6, 1.6) to 0.9%, 95% CI(0.6, 1.2). The main cause of blindness was untreated cataracts: 77.3% (Eastern) and 75.0% (Sarawak). Diabetic retinopathy was the 2ndmain cause of blindness for Eastern at 9.1%, but it only caused early to severe VI in Sarawak.ConclusionThe prevalence of blindness and severe VI were reduced. The reduction could have been attributed to a community cataract program implemented soon after the survey in 2014. However, more efforts are needed to address the high percentage of avoidable blindness within both regions.