bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the Incidence of Activities of Daily Living Disability Among Chinese Older Adults From 2002 to 2014
Authors: Li Zhi-Hao , Lv Yue-Bin , Kraus Virginia Byers , Yin Zhao-Xue , Liu Si-Min , Zhang Xiao-Chang , Gao Xiang , Zhong Wen-Fang , Huang Qing-Mei , Luo Jie-Si , Zeng Yi , Ni Jin-Dong , Mao Chen , Shi Xiao-Ming 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Evidence of the trend of the incidence of activities of daily living (ADL) disability among Chinese older people is limited. We aimed to investigate the time trends and potential risk factors for the incidence of ADL disability among Chinese older people (≥65 years).

Methods
We established two consecutive and nonoverlapping cohorts (6,857 participants in the 2002 cohort and 5,589 participants in the 2008 cohort) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. ADL disability was defined as the need for assistance with at least one essential activity (dressing, bathing, toileting, eating, indoor activities, and continence). Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with the trend in the incidence of ADL disability from 2002 to 2014.

Results
The incidence (per 1,000 person-years) of ADL disability decreased significantly from 64.2 in the 2002 cohort to 46.6 in the 2008 cohort (p &lt; .001), and decreasing trends in the incidence of ADL disability were observed for all sex, age, and residence subgroups (all p &lt; .001), even after adjusting for multiple potential confounding factors. Moreover, we found that adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle information, and cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke) explained less of the decline in ADL disability during the period from 2002 to 2014.

Conclusion
The incidence of ADL disability among the older adults in China appears to have decreased during the study period, and this finding cannot be explained by existing sociodemographic and lifestyle information and cardiovascular risk factors.
The everyday practices of global finance: gender and regulatory politics of ‘diversity’
Authors: Griffin Penny 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article argues that practices of global finance provide a rich opportunity to consider gender's embodiment in everyday, but highly regulatory, financial life. Tracing a pathway through the rise of the ‘diversity agenda’ in global finance in the wake of the global financial crisis, the article asks how ‘diversity’ has shaped the global financial services industry, and whether it has challenged the reproduction of gendered power in global finance. Recent, innovative feminist political economy work has laid out a clear challenge to researchers of the global political economy to explore how everyday practices have become significant sites of gendered, regulatory power, and this article takes up this challenge, analysing how the rise of ‘diversity’ in financial services reveals the crucial intersections of gendered power and everyday economic practices. Using a conceptual framework drawn explicitly from Marysia Zalewski's work, this article advances critical inquiry into how gender has become an often unacknowledged way of writing the world of global finance, in ongoing, and problematic, ways. It proposes that the practices and futures of the diversity agenda in global finance provide a window into the persistent failure of global finance to reconfigure its foundational masculinism, and asks that financial actors begin to take seriously the foundational, gendered myths on which global finance has been built.
Economic containment as a strategy of Great Power competition
Authors: Kim Dong Jung 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Economic containment has garnered repeated attention in the discourse about the United States' response to China. Yet, the attributes of economic containment as a distinct strategy of Great Power competition remain unclear. Moreover, the conditions under which a leading power can employ economic containment against a challenging power remain theoretically unelaborated. This article first suggests that economic containment refers to the use of economic policies to weaken the targeted state's material capacity to start military aggression, rather than to influence the competitor's behaviour over a specific issue. Then, this article suggests that economic containment becomes a viable option when the leading power has the ability to inflict more losses on the challenging power through economic restrictions, and this ability is largely determined by the availability of alternative economic partners. When the leading power cannot effectively inflict more losses on the challenging power due to the presence of alternative economic partners, it is better off avoiding economic containment. The author substantiates these arguments through case-studies of the United States' responses to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The article concludes by examining the nature of the United States' recent economic restrictions against China.
Continuous rise in cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone consumption in Pakistan: a 5 year analysis (2014–18)
Authors: Malik Farrukh , Figueras Albert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPakistan was third on the list of the highest antibiotic-consuming countries among low- and middle-income countries in 2015. Studies have suggested that areas with higher consumption of antibiotics are likely to have higher antibiotic resistance rates.ObjectivesWith limited surveillance data on consumption and resistance in Pakistan, this study investigated the 5 year trends (April 2014 to March 2019) in consumption of the two highest-sold antibiotic classes, cephalosporins [Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) group J01D] and fluoroquinolones (ATC group J01MA).MethodsIQVIA Pakistan data (retail) on antibiotic sales presented in units were used. These data were standardized and a DDD was assigned to all formulations, based on WHO’s ATC/DDD index, and the data expressed as DIDs (DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day). WHO’s AWaRe classification of antimicrobials was used for the analyses, especially of those categorized as ‘Watch’.ResultsThe findings showed a significant increase in consumption trends for ‘Watch’ cephalosporins (61.5%) while the use of ‘Reserve’ cephalosporins doubled during the studied period. In 2018, combined consumption of second- and third-generation cephalosporins (both in the ‘Watch’ group) was nearly five times higher than that of the first-generation cephalosporins. For fluoroquinolones, the total consumption only showed a major increase for ciprofloxacin, with 127 820 more persons per day. The consumption of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in Pakistan increased by 1.86 DIDs in just 5 years.ConclusionsIt is urgent to establish a National Antimicrobial Commission in Pakistan, to critically analyse the pharmaceutical market offerings and implement surveillance systems and antimicrobial stewardship.
Group A Streptococcal Paronychia and Blistering Distal Dactylitis in Children: Diagnostic Accuracy of a Rapid Diagnostic Test and Efficacy of Antibiotic Treatment
Authors: Jung Camille , Amhis Jamil , Levy Corinne , Salabi Vincent , Nacera Berkani , Samia Rahmani , Bidet Philippe , Aberrane Said , Bonacorsi Stéphane , Cohen Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmong 174 children with blistering distal dactylitis or paronychia, 36.2% had a positive group A Streptococcus (GAS) rapid detection antigen. For GAS, the outcome for patients who received amoxicillin was favorable in all cases without any surgical procedures; 44.6% of cases due to Staphylococcus aureus infection (38.7%) required surgery.
Esophageal stricture as a complication of stent placement for leak after sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Arif Sardar Hassan , Mohammed Ayad Ahmad 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI) greater than 30. Weight loss improves the quality of life and alleviates or even treats some obesity-related comorbidities with general improvement in the quality of life. Sleeve gastrectomy results in major reduction of the size of the stomach and decreases the sense of hunger due to various hormonal and neuronal pathways. A 31-year-old lady had BMI of 49 underwent sleeve gastrectomy. Three weeks after surgery, she presented with epigastric pain and vomiting with radiological signs of leak. Endoscopic esophageal stent placed with resultant improvement of the condition; after stent removal, she developed esophageal stricture diagnosed with barium study. The patient underwent repeated successful endoscopic dilatation. Leak and bleeding are the most serious complications after sleeve gastrectomy. Subclinical leak is treated with antibiotics, drainage of the collection and stent, critical patients need stenting with operative repair of the site of leak.
Probing Massive Black Hole Binary Populations with LISA
Authors: Katz Michael L , Kelley Luke Zoltan , Dosopoulou Fani , Berry Samantha , Blecha Laura , Larson Shane L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
ESA and NASA are moving forward with plans to launch LISA around 2034. With data from the Illustris cosmological simulation, we provide analysis of LISA detection rates accompanied by characterization of the merging massive black hole population. Massive black holes of total mass ∼105 − 1010M⊙ are the focus of this study. We evolve Illustris massive black hole mergers, which form at separations on the order of the simulation resolution (∼kpc scales), through coalescence with two different treatments for the binary massive black hole evolutionary process. The coalescence times of the population, as well as physical properties of the black holes, form a statistical basis for each evolutionary treatment. From these bases, we Monte Carlo synthesize many realizations of the merging massive black hole population to build mock LISA detection catalogs. We analyze how our massive black hole binary evolutionary models affect detection rates and the associated parameter distributions measured by LISA. With our models, we find massive black hole binary detection rates with LISA of ∼0.5 − 1 yr−1 for massive black holes with masses greater than 105M⊙. This should be treated as a lower limit primarily because our massive black hole sample does not include masses below 105M⊙, which may significantly add to the observed rate. We suggest reasons why we predict lower detection rates compared to much of the literature.
Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen abundance gradients in M101 and M31
Authors: Esteban C , Bresolin F , García-Rojas J , San Cipriano L Toribio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present deep spectrophotometry of 18 H ii regions in the nearby massive spiral galaxies M 101 and M 31. We have obtained direct determinations of electron temperature in all the nebulae. We detect the C ii 4267 Å line in several H ii regions, permitting to derive the radial gradient of C/H in both galaxies. We also determine the radial gradients of O/H, N/O, Ne/O, S/O, Cl/O and Ar/O ratios. As in other spiral galaxies, the C/H gradients are steeper than those of O/H producing negative slopes of the C/O gradient. The scatter of the abundances of O with respect to the gradient fittings do not support the presence of significant chemical inhomogeneities across the discs of the galaxies, especially in the case of M101. We find trends in the S/O, Cl/O and Ar/O ratios as a function of O/H in M101 that can be reduced using Te indicators different from the standard ones for calculating some ionic abundances. The distribution of the N/O ratio with respect to O/H is rather flat in M31, similarly to previous findings for the Milky Way. Using the disc effective radius – Re – as a normalization parameter for comparing gradients, we find that the latest estimates of Re for the Milky Way provide an excess of metallicity in apparent contradiction with the mass-metallicity relation; a value about two times larger might solve the problem. Finally, using different abundance ratios diagrams we find that the enrichment timescales of C and N result to be fairly similar despite their different nucleosynthetic origin.
Systematic regularity of solar coronal rotation during the time interval 1939–2019
Authors: Deng L H , Zhang X J , Deng H , Mei Y , Wang F 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The temporal variation of solar coronal rotation appears to be very complex and its relevance to the 11-year solar activity cycle is still unclear. Using the modified coronal index for the time interval from 1939 January 1–2019 May 31, the systematic regularities of solar coronal rotation are investigated. Our main findings are as follows. (1) From a global point of view, the synodic coronal rotation period with a value of 27.5 days is the only significant period at periodic scales shorter than 64 days. (2) The coronal rotation period exhibits an obvious decreasing trend during the time interval considered, implying that the solar corona accelerates its global rotation rate in the long run. (3) Significant periods of 3.25, 6.13, 9.53 and 11.13 years exist in coronal rotation, providing evidence that coronal rotation should be connected with the quasi-biennial oscillation, the 11-year solar cycle and the 22-year Hale cycle (or magnetic activity reversal). (4) The phase relationship between the coronal rotation period and solar magnetic activity is not only time-dependent but also frequency-dependent. For a small range around the 11-year cycle band, there is a systematic trend in phase and a small mismatch in this band causes the phase to drift. The possible mechanism for the above analysis results is discussed.
The distribution of relative proper motions of wide binaries in Gaia DR2: MOND or multiplicity?
Authors: Clarke C J 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We examine the distribution of on-sky relative velocities for wide binaries previously assembled from theGaia DR2 data and focus on the origin of the high-velocity tail of apparently unbound systems, which may be interpreted as evidence for non-Newtonian gravity in the weak field limit. We argue that this tail is instead explicable in terms of a population of hidden triples, i.e. cases where one of the components of the wide binary is itself a close binary unresolved in the Gaia data. In this case, the motion of the photocentre of the inner pair relative to its barycentre affects the apparent relative proper motion of the wide pair and can make pairs that are in fact bound appear to be unbound. We show that the general shape of the observed distributions can be reproduced using simple observationally motivated assumptions about the population of hidden triples.
The European Bioinformatics Institute in 2020: building a global infrastructure of interconnected data resources for the life sciences
Authors: Cook Charles E , Stroe Oana , Cochrane Guy , Birney Ewan , Apweiler Rolf 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Data resources at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/) archive, organize and provide added-value analysis of research data produced around the world. This year's update for EMBL-EBI focuses on data exchanges among resources, both within the institute and with a wider global infrastructure. Within EMBL-EBI, data resources exchange data through a rich network of data flows mediated by automated systems. This network ensures that users are served with as much information as possible from any search and any starting point within EMBL-EBI’s websites. EMBL-EBI data resources also exchange data with hundreds of other data resources worldwide and collectively are a key component of a global infrastructure of interconnected life sciences data resources. We also describe the BioImage Archive, a deposition database for raw images derived from primary research that will supply data for future knowledgebases that will add value through curation of primary image data. We also report a new release of the PRIDE database with an improved technical infrastructure, a new API, a new webpage, and improved data exchange with UniProt and Expression Atlas. Training is a core mission of EMBL-EBI and in 2018 our training team served more users, both in-person and through web-based programmes, than ever before.
Urinary chloride concentration and progression of chronic kidney disease: results from the KoreaN cohort study for Outcomes in patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Joo Young Su , Kim Jinseok , Park Cheol Ho , Yun Hae-Ryong , Park Jung Tak , Chang Tae Ik , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Sung Su-Ah , Lee Joongyub , Oh Kook-Hwan , Kim Soo Wan , Kang Shin-Wook , Choi Kyu Hun , Ahn Curie , Han Seung Hyeok 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundUrinary chloride is regulated by kidney transport channels, and high urinary chloride concentration in the distal tubules can trigger tubuloglomerular feedback. However, little attention has been paid to urinary chloride as a biomarker of clinical outcomes. Here, we studied the relationship between urinary chloride concentration and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.MethodsWe included 2086 participants with CKD from the KoreaN cohort study for Outcomes in patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Patients were categorized into three groups, according to baseline urinary chloride concentration tertiles. The study endpoint was a composite of ≥50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline values, or end-stage kidney disease.ResultsDuring a median follow-up period of 3.4 years (7452 person-years), 565 participants reached the primary endpoint. There was a higher rate of CKD progression events in the lowest and middle tertiles than in the highest tertile. Compared with the lowest tertile, the highest tertile was associated with 33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49–0.90] lower risk for the primary outcome in a cause-specific hazard model after adjustment for confounding variables. In addition, for every 25 mEq/L increase in urinary chloride concentration, there was 11% (95% CI 0.83–0.96) lower risk for CKD progression. This association was consistent in a time-varying model. Urinary chloride concentration correlated well with tubule function and kidney injury markers, and its predictive performance for CKD progression was comparable to that of these markers.ConclusionsIn this hypothesis-generating study, low urinary chloride concentration was associated with a higher risk for CKD progression.
Global LGBT Politics at Scale
Authors: Perez Justin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter illuminates one dynamic of the global emergence and successes of LGBT politics in the early twenty-first century: how LGBT communities remember and narrate the emergence of LGBT politics and the historical antecedents they use to contextualize contemporary LGBT rights claims. In juxtaposing a nationally circulating narrative with a regional one, the chapter suggests that how narratives about the emergence of LGBT politics circulate is a function of scale. For example, both national and regional LGBT rights efforts take note of events in the city of Tarapoto, located in Peru’s Amazonian region. At the national level, the violence that occurred in Tarapoto during Peru’s internal armed conflict helped link LGBT rights claims to the country’s broader human rights movement. Yet in Tarapoto interlocutors emphasized a municipal anniversary parade as a starting point for recounting the successes of LGBT rights in the region. Whereas analyses at the national scale may indicate a less successful record of LGBT rights in Peru in comparison to other Latin American countries, shifting analysis to the regional scale reveals an alternative account.
Ethics of the Psychotherapeutic Alliance, Shared Decision Making and Consensus on Therapy Goals
Authors: Reiter-Theil Stella , Wetterauer Charlotte 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The ethics of the psychotherapeutic alliance (a), shared decision making (b), and consensus on therapy goals (c) is discussed in the context of a legal overview in three German-speaking countries. Particular ethical challenges are identified in different settings. Clinical Ethics Support (CES) has gained importance beyond acute medical patient care, but is still new in psychotherapy. Three examples present ethical issues underlying the basic concepts of psychotherapy (a, b, and c) that often go unnoticed or remain implicit. Addressing ethical questions in a practical psychotherapy context may lead to acknowledging more complexity than expected. At the same time, meta-level ethical reflection can help to coordinate previously diverging interests and efforts and remove obstacles towards problem-solving. Complexity as well as problem solving will be illustrated by referring to problems with confidentiality concerning sexual abuse, coercion in treating dependency disorders, and responding to wishes of assisted suicide.
Ethical Aspects of Online Psychotherapy
Authors: Stoll Julia , Trachsel Manuel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Online psychotherapy is a fast-growing, low-threshold option to deliver mental healthcare services. In the present chapter, the different terminologies and definitions of online psychotherapy are discussed and a broad overview of the used information technologies is given. Furthermore, the most important ethical arguments debated in the literature are discussed by reviewing, on the one hand, the arguments in favor of online psychotherapy like increased access to care, improvement of treatment, anonymity, and cost effectiveness and, on the other hand, arguments against online psychotherapy like impairment of treatment, confidentiality issues, issues with informed consent, patient identification and emergency situations, legal issues and additionally required skills.
Banking in Japan
Authors: Uchida Hirofumi , Udell Gregory F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the structure, performance, and some of the defining characteristics of the Japanese banking industry. An analysis of the banking industry in Japan may be of particular interest because of its important role in one of world’s largest economies, its historical orientation to banks in its financial system, its idiosyncratic features related to the nature of the Japanese corporate environment such as its “main bank system,” and its significant transition, which is sometimes idiosyncratic to this country, such as the banking crisis of the 1990s. After providing an overview of the Japanese banking system, we focus on some specific topics on banking in Japan, including the Japanese main bank system, lending technologies in Japan, the Japanese banking crisis, and banking in post-crisis Japan.