bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Physical Activity in Cancer Patients During Oncological Treatments: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Avancini Alice , Tregnago Daniela , Rigatti Laura , Sartori Giulia , Yang Lin , Trestini Ilaria , Bonaiuto Clelia , Milella Michele , Pilotto Sara , Lanza Massimo 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Although the literature supports the importance of physical activity in the oncological context, in Italy a large number of patients are not sufficiently active. Methods: The present study aimed to explore factors influencing an active lifestyle in cancer patients during oncological treatments. Semi-structured focus groups, including 18 patients with different cancer types, were conducted at the Oncology Unit in the University Hospital Trust of Verona (Italy). The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed with content analysis. Results: According to the Health Belief Model, transcripts were categorized into the following themes: benefits, barriers, and cues to action. Patients reported a series of physical, physiological, and psychological benefits deriving from an active lifestyle. The main barriers hampering the physical activity participation were represented by treatment-related side effects, advanced disease, and some medical procedures, for example, ileostomy. Several strategies that can trigger patients to exercise were identified. Medical advice, social support from family and friends, features such as enjoyment, setting goals, and owning an animal can motivate patients to perform physical activity. At the same time, an individualized program based on patients’ characteristics, an available physical activity specialist to consult, more detailed information regarding physical activity in the oncological setting, and having accessible structures were found important facilitators to implementing active behavior. Conclusions: Overall, patients have a positive view regarding physical activity, and a variety of obstacles and cues to action were recognized. Considering this information may help to improve adherence to a physical activity program over time, consequently increasing the expected benefits.
Clinical and Biological Markers Predict the Efficacy of Glucocorticoid- and Macrolide-Based Postoperative Therapy in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zeng Ming , Wang Heng , Liao Bo , Wang Hai , Long Xiao-Bo , Ma Jin , Liu Jin-Xin , Liu Zheng 
Published: December 2020

Background Although subsequent anti-inflammatory treatments are indispensable for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) undergoing sinus surgery, few studies have explored the factors influencing the efficacy of postoperative anti-inflammatory treatment. Objective We aimed to develop prediction models for the response to glucocorticoid- and macrolide-based postoperative therapy in CRS patients. Methods We performed a post-hoc analysis of our previous study comparing the efficacy of fluticasone propionate and clarithromycin in the postoperative treatment of CRS patients. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcome information were collected. In addition, diseased sinonasal mucosal tissues obtained during surgery were processed for Bio-Plex analysis of protein levels of 34 biomarkers. Classification trees were built to predict refractory CRS based on clinical characteristics and biological markers for patients treated with fluticasone propionate or clarithromycin. A random forest algorithm was used to confirm the discriminating factors that formed the classification trees. Results One year after surgery, 22.7% of the patients (17/75) treated with fluticasone propionate, and 24.3% of those (18/74) treated with clarithromycin were diagnosed with refractory CRS. Nasal tissue IL-8 and IgG3 levels and headache VAS scores in the fluticasone propionate group, and nasal tissue IgG4 levels and overall burden of symptoms VAS scores in the clarithromycin group, were identified as discriminating factors forming the classification tree to predict refractory CRS. The overall predictive accuracy of the model was 89.3% and 87.8% for fluticasone propionate- and clarithromycin-based postsurgical treatment, respectively. Conclusions Classification trees built using clinical and biological parameters could be helpful in identifying patients with poor response to fluticasone propionate- and clarithromycin-based postoperative treatment.
Neutrophil extracellular traps promote fibrous vascular occlusions in chronic thrombosis
Authors: Sharma Smriti , Hofbauer Thomas M. , Ondracek Anna S. , Chausheva Stella , Alimohammadi Arman , Artner Tyler , Panzenboeck Adelheid , Rinderer Johanna , Shafran Inbal , Mangold Andreas , Winker Robert , Wohlschläger-Krenn Evelyne , Moser Bernhard , Taghavi Shahrokh , Klepetko Walter , Preissner Klaus T. , Lang Irene M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Acute pulmonary embolism generally resolves within 6 months. However, if the thrombus is infected, venous thrombi transform into fibrotic vascular obstructions leading to chronic deep vein thrombosis and/or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), but precise mechanisms remain unclear. Neutrophils are crucial in sequestering pathogens; therefore, we investigated the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in chronic thrombosis. Because chronic pulmonary thrombotic obstructions are biologically identical to chronic deep venous thrombi, the murine inferior vena cava ligation model was used to study the transformation of acute to chronic thrombus. Mice with staphylococcal infection presented with larger thrombi containing more neutrophils and NETs but less resolution. Targeting NETs with DNase1 diminished fibrosis and promoted thrombus resolution. For translational studies in humans, we focused on patients with CTEPH, a severe type of deep venous and pulmonary artery fibrotic obstruction after thrombosis. Neutrophils, markers of neutrophil activation, and NET formation were increased in CTEPH patients. NETs promoted the differentiation of monocytes to activated fibroblasts with the same cellular phenotype as fibroblasts from CTEPH vascular occlusions. RNA sequencing of fibroblasts isolated from thrombo-endarterectomy specimens and pulmonary artery biopsies revealed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as the central regulator, a phenotype which was replicated in mice with fibroblast-specific TGF-β overactivity. Our findings uncover a role of neutrophil-mediated inflammation to enhance TGF-β signaling, which leads to fibrotic thrombus remodeling. Targeting thrombus NETs with DNases may serve as a new therapeutic concept to treat thrombosis and prevent its sequelae.
Mammalian VPS45 orchestrates trafficking through the endosomal system
Authors: Frey Laura , Ziętara Natalia , Łyszkiewicz Marcin , Marquardt Benjamin , Mizoguchi Yoko , Linder Monika I. , Liu Yanshan , Giesert Florian , Wurst Wolfgang , Dahlhoff Maik , Schneider Marlon R. , Wolf Eckhard , Somech Raz , Klein Christoph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVacuolar protein sorting 45 homolog (VPS45), a member of the Sec1/Munc18 (SM) family, has been implicated in the regulation of endosomal trafficking. VPS45 deficiency in human patients results in congenital neutropenia, bone marrow fibrosis, and extramedullary renal hematopoiesis. Detailed mechanisms of the VPS45 function are unknown. Here, we show an essential role of mammalian VPS45 in maintaining the intracellular organization of endolysosomal vesicles and promoting recycling of cell-surface receptors. Loss of VPS45 causes defective Rab5-to-Rab7 conversion resulting in trapping of cargos in early endosomes and impaired delivery to lysosomes. In this context, we demonstrate aberrant trafficking of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor in the absence of VPS45. Furthermore, we find that lack of VPS45 in mice is not compatible with embryonic development. Thus, we identify mammalian VPS45 as a critical regulator of trafficking through the endosomal system and early embryogenesis of mice.
Association between ABO haplotypes and the risk of venous thrombosis: impact on disease risk estimation
Authors: Goumidi Louisa , Thibord Florian , Wiggins Kerri L. , Li-Gao Ruifang , Brown Mickael R. , van Hylckama Vlieg Astrid , Souto Joan-Carles , Soria José-Manuel , Ibrahim-Kosta Manal , Saut Noémie , Daian Delphine , Olaso Robert , Amouyel Philippe , Debette Stéphanie , Boland Anne , Bailly Pascal , Morrison Alanna C. , Mook-Kanamori Denis O. , Deleuze Jean-François , Johnson Andrew , de Vries Paul S. , Sabater-Lleal Maria , Chiaroni Jacques , Smith Nicholas L. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Chasman Daniel I. , Trégouët David-Alexandre , Morange Pierre-Emmanuel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Genetic risk score (GRS) analysis is a popular approach to derive individual risk prediction models for complex diseases. In venous thrombosis (VT), such type of analysis shall integrate information at the ABO blood group locus, which is one of the major susceptibility loci. However, there is no consensus about which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) must be investigated when properly assessing association between ABO locus and VT risk. Using comprehensive haplotype analyses of ABO blood group tagging SNPs in 5425 cases and 8445 controls from 6 studies, we demonstrate that using only rs8176719 (tagging O1) to correctly assess the impact of ABO locus on VT risk is suboptimal, because 5% of rs8176719-delG carriers do not have an increased risk of developing VT. Instead, we recommend the use of 4 SNPs, rs2519093 (tagging A1), rs1053878 (A2), rs8176743 (B), and rs41302905 (O2), when assessing the impact of ABO locus on VT risk to avoid any risk misestimation. Compared with the O1 haplotype, the A2 haplotype is associated with a modest increase in VT risk (odds ratio, ∼1.2), the A1 and B haplotypes are associated with an ∼1.8-fold increased risk, whereas the O2 haplotype tends to be slightly protective (odds ratio, ∼0.80). In addition, although the A1 and B blood groups are associated with increased von Willebrand factor and factor VIII plasma levels, only the A1 blood group is associated with ICAM levels, but in an opposite direction, leaving additional avenues to be explored to fully understand the spectrum of biological effects mediated by ABO locus on cardiovascular traits.
Effects of Tocilizumab in COVID-19 patients: a cohort study
Authors: Vu Christine A. , DeRonde Kailynn J. , Vega Ana D. , Maxam Meshell , Holt Gregory , Natori Yoichiro , Zamora Jose Gonzales , Salazar Veronica , Boatwright Renata , Morris Stephen R. , de Lima Corvino Daniela , Betances Anmary Fernandez , Colucci Leah , Keegan James , Lopez Andy , Rezk Andrew Hany , Rodriguez Yvette , Moraru Gabriela M. , Doblecki Susanne , De La Zerda David J. , Abbo Lilian M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDue to the lack of proven therapies, we evaluated the effects of early administration of tocilizumab for COVID-19. By inhibition of the IL-6 receptor, tocilizumab may help to mitigate the hyperinflammatory response associated with progressive respiratory failure from SARS-CoV-2.MethodsA retrospective, observational study was conducted on hospitalized adults who received intravenous tocilizumab for COVID-19 between March 23, 2020 and April 10, 2020.ResultsMost patients were male (66.7%), Hispanic (63.3%) or Black (23.3%), with a median age of 54 years. Tocilizumab was administered at a median of 8 days (range 1–21) after initial symptoms and 2 days (range 0–12) after hospital admission. Within 30 days from receiving tocilizumab, 36 patients (60.0%) demonstrated clinical improvement, 9 (15.0%) died, 33 (55.0%) were discharged alive, and 18 (30.0%) remained hospitalized. Successful extubation occurred in 13 out of 29 patients (44.8%). Infectious complications occurred in 16 patients (26.7%) at a median of 10.5 days. After tocilizumab was administered, there was a slight increase in PaO2/FiO2and an initial reduction in CRP, but this effect was not sustained beyond day 10.ConclusionsMajority of patients demonstrated clinical improvement and were successfully discharged alive from the hospital after receiving tocilizumab. We observed a rebound effect with CRP, which may suggest the need for higher or subsequent doses to adequately manage cytokine storm. Based on our findings, we believe that tocilizumab may have a role in the early treatment of COVID-19, however larger randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm this.
CAFs affect the proliferation and treatment response of head and neck cancer spheroids during co-culturing in a unique in vitro model
Authors: Magan Mustafa , Wiechec Emilia , Roberg Karin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors for which the overall survival rate worldwide is around 60%. The tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), is believed to affect the treatment response and migration of HNSCC. The aim of this study was to create a biologically relevant HNSCC in vitro model consisting of both tumor cells and CAFs cultured in 3D to establish predictive biomarkers for treatment response, as well as to investigate the impact of CAFs on phenotype, proliferation and treatment response in HNSCC cells.MethodsThree different HNSCC patient-derived tumor cell lines were cultured with and without CAFs in a 3D model. Immunohistochemistry of the proliferation marker Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibronectin and a TUNEL-assay were performed to analyze the effect of CAFs on both tumor cell proliferation and response to cisplatin and cetuximab treatment in tumor spheroids (3D). mRNA expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells markers were analyzed using qRT-PCR.ResultsThe results demonstrated increased cell proliferation within the tumor spheroids in the presence of CAFs, correlating with increased expression of EGFR. In spheroids with increased expression of EGFR, a potentiated response to cetuximab treatment was observed. Surprisingly, an increase in Ki67 expressing tumor cells were observed in spheroids treated with cisplatin for 3 days, correlating with increased expression of EGFR. Furthermore, tumor cells co-cultured with CAFs presented an increased EMT phenotype compared to tumor cells cultured alone in 3D.ConclusionTaken together, our results reveal increased cell proliferation and elevated expression of EGFR in HNSCC tumor spheroids in the presence of CAFs. These results, together with the altered EMT phenotype, may influence the response to cetuximab or cisplatin treatment.
Strategy for the Formation of an Organizational and Technological Model of the Regional Olympiad Environment in the General Education System
Authors: Tsvetkova Marina , Abaturova Valentina 
Published: December 2020

The article describes the problem of the current state of the all-Russian school Olympiad: the formation of the available Olympiad environment to support gifted children with maximum coverage of students the school stage of the national Olympiad in all subjects in all schools in the country.
The authors present an infrastructure of organizational and technological model Olympiad environment in the region as a network of the Olympics municipal center in each municipality of the region not only to stage the events of the Olympics, but systematic training of students and teachers to the all-Russian school Olympiad.
Bitesized Teaching: educational futures for mental health training
Authors: Thompson Sam , Bartram Robert , Sweeney Tom , Dias Ryan , Scaife Clair , Nicholls Thomas , Reid-Roberts Joanne , Reeve Claire 
Published: December 2020

Background/Aims Bitesized Teaching is an initiative that has worked successfully in Yorkshire and Derbyshire Mental Health Services for the last 5 years. It traditionally involves the delivery of high-impact, 10-minute tutorials on physical health topics, which take place once a week in the ward lunchtime handover period. This study evaluates an extension to the Bitesized Teaching scheme that incorporates delivering mental health-focused teaching topics to clinical staff on medical wards. Methods Bitesized Teaching was delivered by a mental health liaison team to medical ward staff with three rolling sessions in an hour. To monitor the improvement in knowledge, a pre and post 1–5 Likert scale questionnaire was used. Results The data showed that the knowledge from nursing staff improved on every topic. The topics ‘psychosis’ and ‘talking to people with psychosis’ had the greatest level of improvement in knowledge. Although the data reported a trend of increased knowledge, further analysis would need to explore the relevance the teaching topics had on clinical practice. Conclusions The results outline the need for general and paediatric nursing staff to receive specific mental health training with the intention to improve treatment outcome and wellbeing to patients admitted to hospital for acute medical care.
Should concurrent viral (including COVID-19) or bacterial infections be treated before performing surgery for hip fracture?
Authors: Guerado Enrique , Cano Juan Ramon , Pons-Palliser Joana 
Published: December 2020

Aims A systematic literature review focusing on how long before surgery concurrent viral or bacterial infections (respiratory and urinary infections) should be treated in hip fracture patients, and if there is evidence for delaying this surgery. Methods A total of 11 databases were examined using the COre, Standard, Ideal (COSI) protocol. Bibliographic searches (no chronological or linguistic restriction) were conducted using, among other methods, the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) template. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for flow diagram and checklist. Final reading of the complete texts was conducted in English, French, and Spanish. Classification of papers was completed within five levels of evidence (LE). Results There were a total of 621 hits (526 COre; 95 Standard, Ideal) for screening identification, and 107 records were screened. Overall 67 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 21 articles were included for the study question. A total of 46 full-text articles were excluded with reasons. No studies could be included in quantitative synthesis (meta-analyses), and there were many confounding variables including surgeons’ experience, prosthesis models used, and surgical technique. Conclusion Patients with hip fracture and with a viral infection in the upper respiratory tract or without major clinical symptoms should be operated on as soon as possible (LE: I-III). There is no evidence that patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should be treated differently. In relation to pneumonia, its prevention is a major issue. Antibiotics should be administered if surgery is delayed by > 72 hours or if bacterial infection is present in the lower respiratory tract (LE: III-V). In patients with hip fracture and urinary tract infection (UTI), delaying surgery may provoke further complications (LE: I). However, diabetic or immunocompromised patients may benefit from immediate antibiotic treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(12):884–893.
A scabies outbreak in the North East Region of Ghana: The necessity for prompt intervention
Authors: Amoako Yaw Ampem , Phillips Richard Odame , Arthur Joshua , Abugri Mark Ayaaba , Akowuah Emmanuel , Amoako Kwabena Oppong , Marfo Benjamin Aboagye , Frimpong Michael , van der Werf Tjip , Ravensbergen Sofanne Jacobine , Stienstra Ymkje 
Published: December 2020

Background
There is a dearth of data on scabies from Ghana. In September 2019, local health authorities in the East Mamprusi district of northern Ghana received reports of scabies from many parts of the district. Due to on-going reports of more cases, an assessment team visited the communities to assess the effect of the earlier individual treatment on the outbreak. The assessment team furthermore aimed to contribute to the data on scabies burden in Ghana and to demonstrate the use of the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) diagnostic tool in a field survey in a resource limited setting.

Methodology/Principal findings
This was a cross sectional study. Demographic information and medical history was collected on all participants using a REDCap questionnaire. A standardised skin examination of exposed regions of the body was performed on all participants. Scabies was diagnosed based on the criteria of the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS). Participants were mostly female (61.5%) and had a median age of 18.8 years (IQR 13–25). Two hundred out of 283 (71%) of participants had scabies with most (47%) presenting with moderate disease. Impetigo was found in 22% of participants with scabies and 10.8% of those without scabies [RR 2.27 (95% CI 1.21–4.27)]. 119 participants who received scabies treatment in the past months still had clinical evidence of the disease. 97% of participants reported a recent scabies contact. Scabies was commoner in participants ≤16 years compared to those >16 years [RR 3.06 (95% CI 1.73–5.45)].

Conclusion/Significance
The prevalence of scabies was extremely high. The lack of a systematic approach to scabies treatment led to recurrence and ongoing community spread. The IACS criteria was useful in this outbreak assessment in Ghana. Alternative strategies such as Mass drug administration may be required to contain outbreaks early in such settings.
Limites a democratização do acesso ao ensino no século XXI
Authors: Esteves Lacerda Augusto Flávio , Duran Gil Aldo 
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de democratização do acesso a Universidade Pública no período pós-2012. Com base no perfil socioeconômico dos estudantes das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior de 2018 e do curso de Medicina das universidades federais de 2016, analisamos o processo de democratização com a intenção de contribuir para o debate sobre os limites, contradições e possibilidades desse processo do acesso à universidade pública. Buscamos descobrir as causas sociais que explicam as contradições inerentes a este processo, entre elas o papel da Universidade na reprodução da estrutura social de classes. Ademais, questiona a ideologia meritocrática, que legitima a hierarquia social de classes com base na justificativa do mérito pessoal e buscamos demonstrar que existem obstáculos e limites para que o processo de democratização se complete no contexto de desenvolvimento do capitalismo periférico no Brasil.

Palavras-chave: Políticas educacionais. Democratização do acesso à universidade. Meritocracia. Estado burguês. Marxismo estruturalista.
Perspektiven einer innovativen, kulturellen Filmarbeit
Authors: Koll Horst Peter 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Immer mehr Stadtbibliotheken bieten ihren Nutzer*innen das Video-on-Demand-Portal filmfriend als eigenes Streaming-Angebot für Filme und Serien an. Damit schaffen sie ein filmkulturelles Gegengewicht zu kommerziellen Streaming-Diensten und erreichen erstmals auch Menschen, die traditionelle Wege der Filmrezeption (Kino, Fernsehen, DVD etc.) bislang nicht oder nur bedingt nutzen. Mit ihrem digitalen Filmangebot ermöglichen Büchereien einen erleichterten Zugang zur Filmkultur und beteiligen sich konstruktiv am sozialen Wandel in der Filmrezeption.