bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caring babies: Concern for others in distress during infancy
Authors: Davidov Maayan , Paz Yael , Roth‐Hanania Ronit , Uzefovsky Florina , Orlitsky Tal , Mankuta David , Zahn‐Waxler Carolyn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConcern for distressed others is a highly valued human capacity, but little is known about its early ontogeny. Theoretical accounts of empathy development have emphasized stages, but this has been called into question. This study sheds new light on four key issues: onset, consistency, development, and predictive power of early manifestations of concern for others. Three‐month‐old Israei infants (N = 165) were followed longitudinally at ages 6, 12, and 18 months, and their observed responses to others’ distress were assessed. Concern for distressed others was seen early in the first year of life, long before previous theories assumed. Empathic concern was moderately consistent across both situation and age, from as early as 3 months. Concern for others grew only modestly with age, plateauing during the second year, whereas prosocial behavior increased rapidly during the second year. Early individual differences in concern for others predicted later prosocial behavior on behalf of distressed others. Findings underscore the early roots of caring, and appear to refute assumptions of prior stage theories of empathy development, by showing that concern for others develops much earlier and more gradually than previously assumed.
Development and validation of a novel 15‐CpG‐based signature for predicting prognosis in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Peng Yang , Shui Lin , Xie Jian , Liu Shengchun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDNA methylation is an important biological regulatory mechanism that changes gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Increasing studies have revealed that DNA methylation data play a vital role in the field of oncology. However, the methylation site signature in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unknown. In our research, we analysed 158 TNBC samples and 98 noncancerous samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) in three phases. In the discovery phase, 86 CpGs were identified by univariate Cox proportional hazards regression (CPHR) analyses to be significantly correlated with overall survival (P < 0.01). In the training phase, these candidate CpGs were further narrowed down to a 15‐CpG‐based signature by conducting least absolute shrinkage and selector operator (LASSO) Cox regression in the training set. In the validation phase, the 15‐CpG‐based signature was verified using two different internal sets and one external validation set. Furthermore, a nomogram comprising the CpG‐based signature and TNM stage was generated to predict the 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival in the primary set, and it showed excellent performance in the three validation sets (concordance indexes: 0.924, 0.974 and 0.637). This study showed that our nomogram has a precise predictive effect on the prognosis of TNBC and can potentially be implemented for clinical treatment and diagnosis.
Infestation of fruit by conspecific and heterospecific females deters oviposition in two Tephritidae fruit fly species
Authors: Liendo María Clara , Parreño María Alejandra , Pietrek Alejandro G. , Bouvet Juan Pedro , Milla Fabián H. , Vera M. Teresa , Cladera Jorge L. , Segura Diego F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTephritidae fruit fly larvae develop entirely in the host chosen by the females. To improve the fitness of their progeny, females would benefit from rejecting previously exploited hosts. Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata are two species of fruit flies having similar nutritional requirements and overlapping in their distribution. Previous studies found that competition between the larvae of these species might reach high levels, suggesting that cross‐recognition would be an adaptive trait. In this work, we tested the ability of A. fraterculus and C. capitata females to recognize and avoid fruits previously infested by both conspecific and heterospecific females. In laboratory behavioural arenas, females were presented with fruits that had been previously exposed to either conspecific or heterospecific females. Then, we conducted choice and non‐choice assays to compare the response of A. fraterculus and C. capitata females to infested and non‐infested fruits. In non‐choice tests, the females from both species rejected fruits previously infested by conspecific and heterospecific individuals. However, the rejection occurred at different steps of the sequence leading to oviposition: A. fraterculus showed a lower rate of visits to infested fruits, whereas C. capitata visited both infested and non‐infested fruits, but the latency to visit a fruit and the rejection frequency were higher and the duration of the visit to infested fruit was lower. In choice assays, the rejection of heterospecific infested fruit was higher than that of conspecific infested fruits, for both species. Our results suggest that, regardless of the sensory mechanism used by females, the recognition of previous infestation is bidirectional and females of both species, belonging to different genera, recognize fruit infested by heterospecifics. These responses indicate that cross‐recognition, supposedly a highly beneficial trait, could be occurring in nature, thus reducing interspecific competition and contributing to the coexistence of these species.
The “ART” of facial filler injections: Avoid, recognize, and treat hyaluronic acid‐induced complications
Authors: Zeltzer Assaf , Geeroms Maxim , Antoniazzi Elisa , Giunta Gabriele , De Baerdemaeker Randy , Hendrickx Benoit , Hamdi Moustapha 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are frequently used for cosmetic purposes as volumizers or as wrinkle fillers. One of the major advantages of hyaluronic acid use is the possibility to neutralize it by using hyaluronidase should complications occur.PatientA case of a 21‐year‐old female patient is presented, in whom a hyaluronic acid injection‐induced vascular occlusion was seen four days after the initial injection, with increasing pain and severe signs of ischemia.MethodTreatment consisted of an immediate hyaluronidase injection, supplemented with administration of acetylsalicylic acid, piracetam, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), corticosteroids, analgesics, prophylactic antibiotics, application of topical nitroglycerin and warmth, smoking cessation, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.ResultsThe initial progress and evolution of the deformity with possible therapeutic options are being discussed.ConclusionThe “ART” (avoid, recognize, and treat) in handling filler complications is presented, as a new universal guideline for clinical aesthetic practitioners and injectors.
Singularity in the wake of slavery: Adriana Cavarero's ontology of uniqueness and Alex Haley's Roots
Authors: Söderbäck Fanny 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis essay examines Italian philosopher Adriana Cavarero's ontology of uniqueness through a reading of Alex Haley's novel Roots, and the recent television adaptation of that book. If Cavarero has insisted throughout her work that we need to challenge the philosophical privileging of abstract universality and focus instead on the irreducibility of embodied singularity, and if such a move in her work has always relied on a feminist analysis of the role women play in such a drama, I argue that attention to issues of race and the institution of slavery both supports and complicates her analysis in meaningful ways.
Peter Winch: “Unity: Presupposition or Demand?”
Authors: Burns Steven 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis is a translation of a paper which the late Peter Winch wrote in German for a 1987 conference. He deals with fundamental issues in ethics, especially with the Wittgensteinian idea that “primitive reactions” play a crucial role in the formation of moral concepts. It also responds to an important objection, namely that primitive reactions can be as much immoral as moral. Ranging as it does over Winch’s interests in Wittgenstein, Simone Weil and Plato, the paper can serve as a concise introduction to Winch’s work.
TEACH and repeat: Deliberate practice for teaching
Authors: Marcus Carolyn H , Newman Lori R , Winn Ariel S , Antanovich Kate , Audi Zeena , Cohen Amy , Hirsch Alexander W , Harris Holly K , Miller Kelsey A , Michelson Catherine D 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYBackgroundDeliberate practice facilitates skill mastery. We aimed to create a novel resident‐as‐teacher rotation, leveraging a deliberate practice framework with repeated practice in real‐life teaching settings, with feedback from dedicated faculty member coaches.MethodsA resident‐as‐teacher rotation was designed for 35 Postgraduate Year‐2 (PGY2) paediatric residents. To facilitate deliberate practice, teaching experiences were observed by faculty member coaches and were repeated with different audiences. Participating residents received pre‐rotation, post‐rotation and follow‐up surveys on their confidence and comfort with teaching, supervision and feedback skills. All residents were also surveyed the year before and the year after implementation on their perceptions of their teaching, supervision and feedback skills, and whether the residency provided adequate training on these topics.ResultsSurvey response rates varied from 40 to 71%. The rotation was highly valued, and deliberate practice was a most valued aspect. Mean scores in comfort and confidence significantly increased from pre‐ to post‐rotation, with these increases sustained months later. Prior to implementation, residents’ perceptions of their teaching skills and the adequacy of their training increased incrementally with each postgraduate year. After the inaugural year of the rotation, the PGY2 class rated their teaching skills and training as higher than more experienced residents.DiscussionA novel resident‐as‐teacher rotation successfully incorporated deliberate practice in real‐life settings by repeating teaching activities with feedback from dedicated coaches. The rotation led to sustained increases in residents’ confidence in their teaching, supervising and feedback skills, and improved perceptions of their teaching training during residency.
Geochemical study of Cenozoic mafic volcanism in the west-central Great Basin, western Nevada, and the Ancestral Cascades Arc, California
Authors: Timmermans Ann C. , Cousens Brian L. , Henry Christopher D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProcesses linked to shallow subduction, slab rollback, and extension are recorded in the whole-rock major-, trace-element, and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions of mafic magmatic rocks in both time and space over southwestern United States. Eocene to Mio-Pliocene volcanic rocks were sampled along a transect across the west-central Great Basin (GB) in Nevada to the Ancestral Cascade Arc (ACA) in the northern Sierra Nevada, California (∼39°–40° latitude), which are interpreted to represent a critical segment of a magmatic sweep that occurred as a result of subduction from east-northeast convergence between the Farallon and North American plates and extension related to the change from a convergent to a transform margin along the western edge of North America.Mafic volcanic rocks from the study area can be spatially divided into three broad regions: GB (5–35 Ma), eastern ACA, and western ACA (2.5–16 Ma). The volcanic products are dominantly calc-alkalic but transition to alkalic toward the east. Great Basin lavas erupted far inland from the continental margin and have higher K, P, Ti, and La/Sm as well as lower (Sr/P)pmn, Th/Rb, and Ba/Nb compared to ACA lavas. Higher Pb isotopic values, combined with lower Ce/Ce* and high Th/Nb ratios in some ACA lavas, are interpreted to come from slab sediment. Mafic lavas from the GB and ACA have overlapping 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd values that are consistent with mantle wedge melts mixing with a subduction-modified lithospheric mantle source. Eastern and western ACA lavas largely overlap in age and elemental and isotopic composition, with the exception of a small subset of lavas from the westernmost ACA region; these lavas show lower 87Sr/86Sr at a given 143Nd/144Nd. Results show that although extension contributes to melting in some regions (e.g., selected lavas in the GB and Pyramid Lake), chemical signatures for most mafic melts are dominated by subduction-related mantle wedge and a lithospheric mantle component.
Genomic Profiling of Prostate Cancers from Men with African and European Ancestry
Authors: Koga Yusuke , Song Hanbing , Chalmers Zachary R. , Newberg Justin , Kim Eejung , Carrot-Zhang Jian , Piou Daphnee , Polak Paz , Abdulkadir Sarki A. , Ziv Elad , Meyerson Matthew , Frampton Garrett M. , Campbell Joshua D. , Huang Franklin W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
African American (AFR) men have the highest mortality rate from prostate cancer (PCa) compared with men of other racial/ancestral groups. Differences in the spectrum of somatic genome alterations in tumors between AFR men and other populations have not been well-characterized due to a lack of inclusion of significant numbers in genomic studies.

Experimental Design:
To identify genomic alterations associated with race, we compared the frequencies of somatic alterations in PCa obtained from four publicly available datasets comprising 250 AFR and 611 European American (EUR) men and a targeted sequencing dataset from a commercial platform of 436 AFR and 3018 EUR men.

Results:
Mutations in ZFHX3 as well as focal deletions in ETV3 were more frequent in tumors from AFR men. TP53 mutations were associated with increasing Gleason score. MYC amplifications were more frequent in tumors from AFR men with metastatic PCa, whereas deletions in PTEN and rearrangements in TMPRSS2-ERG were less frequent in tumors from AFR men. KMT2D truncations and CCND1 amplifications were more frequent in primary PCa from AFR men. Genomic features that could impact clinical decision making were not significantly different between the two groups including tumor mutation burden, MSI status, and genomic alterations in select DNA repair genes, CDK12, and in AR.

Conclusions:
Although we identified some novel differences in AFR men compared with other populations, the frequencies of genomic alterations in current therapeutic targets for PCa were similar between AFR and EUR men, suggesting that existing precision medicine approaches could be equally beneficial if applied equitably.
Changes in inflammatory biomarkers are related to the antidepressant effects of Ayahuasca
Authors: Galvão-Coelho Nicole Leite , de Menezes Galvão Ana Cecília , de Almeida Raíssa Nóbrega , Palhano-Fontes Fernanda , Campos Braga Isaac , Lobão Soares Bruno , Maia-de-Oliveira João Paulo , Perkins Daniel , Sarris Jerome , de Araujo Draulio Barros 
Published: July 2020

Background: Ayahuasca is a traditional Amazon brew and its potential antidepressant properties have recently been explored in scientific settings. We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of ayahuasca with treatment-resistant depression patients ( n = 28) and healthy controls ( n = 45). Aims: We are evaluating the blood inflammatory biomarkers: C-reactive protein and interleukin 6, as a potential consequence of ayahuasca intake and their correlation with serum cortisol and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Blood samples were collected at pre-treatment and 48 hours after substance ingestion to assess the concentration of inflammatory biomarkers, together with administration of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Results: At pre-treatment, patients showed higher C-reactive protein levels than healthy controls and a significant negative correlation between C-reactive protein and serum cortisol levels was revealed ( rho = –0.40, n = 14). C-reactive protein in those patients was not correlated with Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores. We observed a significant reduction of C-reactive protein levels across time in both patients and controls treated with ayahuasca, but not with placebo. Patients treated with ayahuasca showed a significant correlation ( rho = + 0.57) between larger reductions of C-reactive protein and lower depressive symptoms at 48 hours after substance ingestion (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale). No significant result with respect to interleukin 6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor was found. Furthermore, these biomarkers did not predict the antidepressant response or remission rates observed. Conclusions: These findings enhance the understanding of the biological mechanisms behind the observed antidepressant effects of ayahuasca and encourage further clinical trials in adults with depression.
A quantitative assessment of the parameters of the role of receptionists in modern primary care using the work design framework
Authors: Burrows Michael , Gale Nicola , Greenfield Sheila , Litchfield Ian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Amidst increased pressures on General Practice across England, the receptionist continues to fulfil key administrative and clinically related tasks. The need for more robust support for these key personnel to ensure they stay focussed and motivated is apparent, however, to be effective a more systematic understanding of the parameters of their work is required. Here we present a valuable insight into the tasks they fulfil, their relationship with colleagues and their organisation and their attitudes and behaviour at work collectively defined as their ‘work design’.

Methods
Our aim was to quantitatively assess the various characteristics of receptionists in primary care in England using the validated Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ) a 21 point validated questionnaire, divided into four categories: task, knowledge and social characteristics and work context with a series of sub-categories within each, disseminated online and as a postal questionnaire to 100 practices nationally.

Results
Seventy participants completed the WDQ, 54 online and 16 using the postal questionnaire with the response rate for the latter being 3.1%. The WDQ suggested receptionists experience high levels of task variety, task significance and of information processing and knowledge demands, confirming the high cognitive load placed on receptionists by performing numerous yet significant tasks. Perhaps in relation to these substantial responsibilities a reliance on colleagues for support and feedback to help negotiate this workload was reported.

Conclusion
The evidence of our survey suggests that the role of modern GP receptionists requires an array of skills to accommodate various administrative, communicative, problem solving, and decision-making duties. There are ways in which the role might be better supported for example devising ways to separate complex tasks to avoid the errors involved with high cognitive load, providing informal feedback, and perhaps most importantly developing training programmes.
The protective effect of 3% diquafosol on meibomian gland morphology in glaucoma patients treated with prostaglandin analogs: a 12-month follow-up study
Authors: Guo Yue , Ha Jun Young , Piao He Long , Sung Mi Sun , Park Sang Woo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
To determine if 3% diquafosol (DQS) can preserve the meibomian gland morphology in glaucoma patients treated with prostaglandin analogs (PGA) for a 12-month follow-up period.

Methods
This study included 84 eyes of 46 normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients who were treated with either preservative-containing PGA (PC-PGA; 16 patients, 28 eyes), preservative-free PGA (PF-PGA; 21 patients, 39 eyes), or a combination of PC-PGA and 3% DQS (PC-PGA + DQS; 9 patients, 17 eyes). The meibography of the upper eyelid was acquired using Keratograph® 5 M at baseline and at each follow-up (1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months). Meibomian gland loss (MGL) was quantitatively analyzed by using ImageJ software.

Results
In the PC-PGA group, MGL increased significantly from baseline to month 9 and month 12, whereas no significant changes were observed in the PF-PGA and PC-PGA + DQS groups during the entire 12 months. All groups showed similar MGL at each follow-up time from baseline to six months. However, MGL in the PC-PGA group was significantly higher than those in the PF-PGA and PC-PGA + DQS groups at the 9 and 12 months.

Conclusions
Combining 3% DQS with PC-PGA was as effective as PF-PGA in preserving the meibomian gland morphology for at least 12 months. Our results suggest that 3% DQS may be a promising strategy for managing glaucoma patients with a high risk of developing meibomian gland dysfunction due to preservative-containing topical medications.
Quality of life of patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma initiating first-line chemotherapy in routine practice
Authors: Laquente Berta , Macarulla Teresa , Bugés Cristina , Martín Marta , García Carlos , Pericay Carles , Merino Sandra , Visa Laura , Martín Teresa , Pedraza Manuela , Carnero Beatriz , Guardeño Raquel , Verdaguer Helena , Mut Alejandro , Vilanova David , García Adelaida 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, pancreatic adenocarcinoma often progresses rapidly and causes death. The physical decline of these patients is expected to impact their quality of life (QoL). Therefore, in addition to objective measures of effectiveness, the evaluation of health-related QoL should be considered a matter of major concern when assessing therapy outcomes.

Methods
Observational, prospective, multicenter study including patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma who started first-line chemotherapy in 12 Spanish centers. Treatment and clinical characteristics were recorded at baseline. Patients’ health-related quality of life, ECOG, and Karnofsky index were measured at baseline, at Days 15 and 30, and every four weeks up to 6 months of chemotherapy. Health-related quality of life was measured using the EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D questionnaires. Other endpoints included overall survival and progression-free survival.

Results
The study sample included 116 patients (median age of 65 years). Mean (SD) scores for the QLQ-C30 global health status scale showed a significant increasing trend throughout the treatment (p = 0.005). Patients with either a Karnofsky index of 70–80 or ECOG 2 showed greater improvement in the QLQ-C30 global health status score than the corresponding groups with better performance status (p ≤ 0.010). Pain, appetite, sleep disturbance, nausea, and constipation significantly improved throughout the treatment (p < 0.005). Patients with QLQ-C30 global health status scores ≥50 at baseline had significantly greater overall survival and progression-free survival (p = 0.005 and p = 0.021, respectively). No significant associations were observed regarding the EQ-5D score.

Conclusions
Most metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients receiving first-line chemotherapy showed an increase in health-related quality of life scores throughout the treatment. Patients with lower performance status and health-related quality of life at baseline tended to greater improvement. The EORTC QLQ-C30 scale allowed us to measure the health-related quality of life of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients receiving first-line chemotherapy.