bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Prediction of Landfalling Tropical Cyclone in China Based on Assimilation of Radar Radial Winds with New Super-Observation Processing
Authors: Feng Jianing , Duan Yihong , Wan Qilin , Hu Hao , Pu Zhaoxia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work explores the impact of assimilating radial winds from the Chinese coastal Doppler radar on track, intensity, and quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPF) of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) in a numerical weather prediction model, focusing mainly on two aspects: 1) developing a new coastal radar super-observation (SO) processing method, namely, an evenly spaced thinning method (ESTM) that is fit for landfalling TCs, and 2) evaluating the performance of the radar radial wind data assimilation in QPFs of landfalling TCs with multiple TC cases. Compared to a previous method of generating SOs (i.e., the radially spaced thinning method), in which the density of SOs is equal within the radial space of a radar scanning volume, the SOs created by ESTM are almost evenly distributed in the horizontal grids of the model background, resulting in more observations located in the TC inner-core region being involved in SOs. The use of SOs from ESTM leads to more cyclonic wind innovation, and larger analysis increments of height and horizontal wind in the lower level in an ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation experiment with TC Mujigae (2015). Overall, forecasts of a TC’s landfalling position, intensity, and QPF are improved by radar data assimilation for all cases, including Mujigae and the other eight TCs that made landfall on the Chinese mainland in 2017. Specifically, through assimilation, TC landing position error and intensity error are reduced by 33% and 25%, respectively. The mean equitable threat score of extreme rainfall [>80 mm (3 h)−1] forecasts is doubled on average over all cases.
Substance use disorders and violent behaviour in patients with severe mental disorders: A prospective, multicentre study
Authors: Cavalera Cesare , Ferrari Clarissa , Bianconi Giorgio , Bulgari Viola , Candini Valentina , Carrà Giuseppe , Clerici Massimo , Conte Giovanni , Cricelli Marta , Ferla Maria Teresa , Iozzino Laura , Macis Ambra , Stefana Alberto , Ornaghi Alessandra , de Girolamo Giovanni ,   for the VIORMED-2 Group
Published: October 2020

Objective: The relationship between alcohol and substance use and the risk of violence exhibited by patients with mental disorders is under-researched. This prospective cohort study aims to compare patients with severe mental disorders and with different substance use behaviors in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, hostility, impulsivity and aggressive behaviors. Furthermore, this study aims to assess differences in violent behaviors during a 1-year monitoring follow-up. Methods: A total of 378 participants with severe mental disorders from Italian residential facilities and from four Departments of Mental Health (244 outpatients and 134 residential patients) were enrolled. Participants were categorized as Persons with Current Substance Use, Persons with Former Substance Use and Persons with Non-Substance Use. All these patients underwent a complex multidimensional assessment, including the lifetime and current substance use; a subsample of outpatients was also assessed with a laboratory substance assay including the testing for specific substances. We assessed the differences among these three groups in hostility, impulsivity and aggressive behaviors. Results: The results of the close 1-year monitoring show a significantly higher risk of violence for patients with severe mental disorders Persons with Current Substance Use compared to Persons with Former Substance Use and Persons with Non-Substance Use. Persons with Current Substance Use showed significantly higher scores for irritability, negativism and verbal assault compared to Persons with Non-Substance Use. Persons with Former Substance Use showed significantly higher scores for lifetime history of aggressive behaviors compared with patients with Persons with Non-Substance Use. Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients with comorbid mental illness and substance use disorders should be referred for specific interventions to reduce aggressive behavior and ensure patient well-being and community safety.
Logistics Performance Index: Methodological Issues
Authors: Chakrabartty Satyendra Nath 
Published: October 2020

This article addresses limitations of Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and suggests remedies. Reliability of the instrument used in LPI may be better found by Angular Association method or Bhattacharyya’s measure, using only the frequencies or probabilities of item–response categories without involving assumptions of continuous nature or linearity or normality for the observed variables or the underlying variable being measured. The suggested methods also avoid test of uni-dimensionality, assumption of normality, bivariate normality. The problems of outlying observations and linear assumptions in principal component analysis for finding reliability theta are also avoided in each proposed method. Geometric mean approach provides a better alternative to compute LPI scores avoiding scaling and calculation of weights satisfies many desired properties and reduces level of substitutability between components, facilitates statistical test of equality of two geometric means and identifies critical areas for corrective measures. Such identifications are important from a policy point of view. The graph of LPI for a country over a long period of time reflects pattern of growth of LPI for the country. The method helps to rank and benchmark the countries, if the target vector is taken as LPI score of the best performing country. JEL Codes: C43, C54
Orally Inhaled Drug Particle Transport in Computerized Models of Laryngotracheal Stenosis
Authors: Frank‐Ito Dennis Onyeka , Cohen Seth Morris 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveAdjuvant management for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) may involve inhaled corticosteroids, but metered dose inhalers are designed for pulmonary drug delivery. Comprehensive analyses of drug particle deposition efficiency for orally inhaled corticosteroids in the stenosis of LTS subjects are lacking.Study DesignDescriptive research.SettingAcademic medical center.MethodsAnatomically realistic 3‐dimensional reconstructions of the upper airway were created from computed tomography images of 4 LTS subjects—2 subglottic stenosis and 2 tracheal stenosis subjects. Computational fluid dynamics modeling was used to simulate airflow and drug particle transport in each airway. Three inhalation pressures were simulated, 10 Pa, 25 Pa, and 40 Pa. Drug particle transport was simulated for 100 to 950 nanoparticles and 1 to 50 micron‐particles. Particles were released into the airway to mimic varying inhaler conditions with and without a spacer chamber.ResultsBased on smallest to largest cross‐sectional area ratio, the laryngotracheal stenotic segment shrunk by 57% and 47%, respectively, for subglottic stenosis models and by 53% for both tracheal stenosis models. Airflow resistance at the stenotic segment was lower in subglottic stenosis models than in tracheal stenosis models: 0.001 to 0.011 Pa.s/mL vs 0.024 to 0.082 Pa.s/mL. Drug depositions for micron‐particles and nanoparticles at stenosis were 0.06% to 2.48% and 0.10% to 2.60% for subglottic stenosis and tracheal stenosis models, respectively. Particle sizes with highest stenotic deposition were 6 to 20 µm for subglottic stenosis models and 1 to 10 µm for tracheal stenosis models.ConclusionThis study suggests that at most, 2.60% of inhaled drug particles deposit at the stenosis. Particle size ranges with highest stenotic deposition may not represent typical sizes emitted by inhalers.
Velcro Ties in Early Postoperative Pediatric Tracheostomy Care: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Chang Brent A. , Gurberg Joshua , Ware Erin , Luu Kimberly 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature to determine the difference in complications between standard twill and Velcro ties following pediatric tracheostomy.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and CINAHL Plus were searched up to August 2020.Review MethodsTwo authors independently screened articles for eligibility. Retrospective and prospective studies were included as long as there was a direct comparison between twill and Velcro ties. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed. The main outcomes were skin‐related complications and accidental decannulation.ResultsThree studies were included in the final analysis: 1 randomized prospective trial and 2 retrospective studies. There were 238 patients total (137 twill, 101 Velcro). Combined analysis showed skin‐related complications in 23% of the Velcro group and 44% of the twill group. Meta‐analysis for skin‐related complications showed no significant difference when comparing Velcro with standard twill ties (risk ratio, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.24‐1.17]; P =. 12, n = 238 participants from 3 studies, I2 = 66%). Accidental decannulation rates were overall low and comparable between groups (1.0% of twill, 1.4% of Velcro).ConclusionBased on limited data, skin‐related complications were not statistically different between Velcro and twill ties. Accidental decannulation is rare with Velcro and standard twill ties, and both are viable options following pediatric tracheostomy.
Can Computed Tomography Findings Predict the Recurrence of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma?
Authors: Glikson Eran , Dragonetti Alberto , Soudry Ethan , Rozendoren Noa , Landsberg Roee , Bedrin Lev , Mozzanica Francesco , Schneider Shay , Yakirevitch Arkadi 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the correlation between the ability to predict the attachment site of sinonasal inverted papilloma by computed tomography and the long‐term surgical outcome.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingFive tertiary medical centers.MethodsStudy patients underwent attachment‐oriented resection of inverted papilloma. The primary outcome was tumor recurrence.ResultsAmong 195 patients eligible for the study, focal hyperostosis was recognized on computed tomography in 65% (n = 127), in 71% of primary cases (n = 101), and in 50% of revision procedures (n = 26). There was a trend for a higher incidence of squamous cell carcinoma among the patients without detectable hyperostosis (P =. 051). Location of hyperostosis coincided with the actual tumor attachment site in 114 patients (90%). Discordance between these parameters did not differ significantly (P =. 463) between 11 primary and 2 revision cases. The overall rate of recurrence was 9.7% (n = 19), with a mean time to recurrence of 20 months (range, 7‐96 months). The rate of recurrence did not correlate with any of the following: tumor stage, surgical approach, presence of squamous cell carcinoma, whether the surgery was primary or revision, and the presence or location of focal hyperostosis on computed tomography. Inverted papilloma recurred significantly more often (38.5%) when the intraoperative findings of the tumor attachment site did not match the location of hyperostosis observed on computed tomography (odds ratio, 6.5; 95% CI, 1.78‐23.66).ConclusionDetectability of focal hyperostosis on preoperative computed tomography does not affect the long‐term outcome of inverted papilloma resection.
Olfactory Cleft Measurements and COVID‐19–Related Anosmia
Authors: Altundag Aytug , Yıldırım Duzgun , Tekcan Sanli Deniz Esin , Cayonu Melih , Kandemirli Sedat Giray , Sanli Ahmet Necati , Arici Duz Ozge , Saatci Ozlem 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the differences in olfactory cleft (OC) morphology in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) anosmia compared to control subjects and postviral anosmia related to infection other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2).Study DesignProspective.SettingThis study comprises 91 cases, including 24 cases with anosmia due to SARS‐CoV‐2, 38 patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD) due to viral infection other than SARS‐CoV‐2, and a control group of 29 normosmic cases.MethodsAll cases had paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT), and cases with OD had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dedicated to the olfactory nerve. The OC width and volumes were measured on CT, and T2‐weighted signal intensity (SI), olfactory bulb volumes, and olfactory sulcus depths were assessed on MRI.ResultsThis study showed 3 major findings: the right and left OC widths were significantly wider in anosmic patients due to SARS‐CoV‐2 (group 1) or OD due to non–SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection (group 2) when compared to healthy controls. OC volumes were significantly higher in group 1 or 2 than in healthy controls, and T2 SI of OC area was higher in groups 1 and 2 than in healthy controls. There was no significant difference in olfactory bulb volumes and olfactory sulcus depths on MRI among groups 1 and 2.ConclusionIn this study, patients with COVID‐19 anosmia had higher OC widths and volumes compared to control subjects. In addition, there was higher T2 SI of the olfactory bulb in COVID‐19 anosmia compared to control subjects, suggesting underlying inflammatory changes. There was a significant negative correlation between these morphological findings and threshold discrimination identification scores.Level of EvidenceLevel 4.
Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis: An Institutional Review of Outcomes With a Multimodality Surgical Approach
Authors: Dwyer Christopher D. , Qiabi Mehdi , Fortin Dalilah , Inculet Richard I. , Nichols Anthony C. , MacNeil S. Danielle , Malthaner Richard , Yoo John , Fung Kevin 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThis article reports on a unique cohort of patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis spilt fairly equally between endoscopic and open surgical approaches. Patients’ sequence of operations and reinterventions over time are outlined, offering insight to improve surgical counseling and allow for informative, autonomous patient decision making.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care academic center.MethodsCases of consecutive adults with idiopathic subglottic stenosis managed surgically over a 12‐year period (January 2006–December 2017) were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical workflow, complications, and outcomes, including reinterventions and tracheotomy dependence, are reported.ResultsSeventy‐two patients (71 women; mean age, 50.4 years) with idiopathic subglottic stenosis requiring surgical airway intervention were identified. Six patients underwent tracheotomy prior to attempt at airway stenosis surgery. Initial surgical approach thereafter included endoscopic (73.5%, n = 53) and open (26.4%, n = 19) procedures. Thirty‐one patients underwent cricotracheal resection; the reintervention rate was 22.5%. Sixty patients underwent 147 endoscopic procedures; the reintervention rate was 75.5%, and the mean time between dilations was 83 weeks (range, 5‐402). Two (2.8%) patients remain tracheotomy dependent. Adverse events were significantly higher in the cricotracheal group, especially with respect to dysphonia and temporary gastrostomy tube placement (P <. 01).ConclusionsEndoscopic and open surgical airway intervention can be employed successfully to avoid tracheotomy dependence and maintain airway patency; however, multiple procedures are usually required, regardless of surgical approach. Cricotracheal reintervention rates are lower than endoscopic dilation but with increased morbidity. Quality‐of‐life outcomes should be clearly discussed with patients before deciding on a surgical management strategy.
Weight status, dietary habits, physical activity, screen time and sleep duration among university students
Authors: Benaich Souad , Mehdad Slimane , Andaloussi Zineb , Boutayeb Saber , Alamy Meryem , Aguenaou Hassan , Taghzouti Khalid 
Published: October 2020

Background: University life is a crucial period when dietary habits and lifestyle behaviours are formed and may have long-lasting effects on the development of obesity and related chronic diseases. Aim: To investigate the association of overweight/obesity with dietary habits, physical activity, screen time and sleep duration among university students. Methods: A total of 438 students aged 18–26 years were recruited from Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco. Anthropometric measurements were assessed using standardized equipment. Data regarding dietary habits, physical and sedentary activities were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 14.8% and 1.6%, respectively. Students who reported frequent consumption (>3 times/week) of fast food, fried potatoes and sugary drinks were more likely to be overweight/obese than peers who did not. Similarly, odds of being overweight/obese were slightly higher among females who reported non-daily intake of fruits and milk or dairy products and among males who ate vegetables less frequently (<7 times/week). Approximately 26% of students were physically inactive, with a higher proportion of females (35.8%) than males (10.7%). Both short and long sleep durations were associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity in males. In contrast, physical inactivity and increased screen time were associated with a slightly reduced risk of overweight/obesity, particularly in females. Conclusions: Overall, unhealthy dietary habits were associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity. A similar trend was also observed between abnormal sleep duration and overweight/obesity in males. Interventions to promote healthy dietary and lifestyle habits and prevent overweight/obesity in this population are needed.
Weight discordant siblings’ ability to reduce energy intake at a meal as compensation for prior energy intake from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)
Authors: Ufholz Kelsey , Salvy Sarah-Jeanne , Feda Denise M , Epstein Leonard H , Roemmich James N 
Published: October 2020

Background: Insufficient compensation for energy from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumed prior to meals may promote greater overall energy intake. If so, ability to compensate for prior energy intake may account for difference in adiposity between adolescents with and without overweight. Studies of fraternal siblings discordant for weight status control for some genetic and shared within-family factors, which allows for testing how putative non-shared factors, such as parental control of feeding, predicts sibling weight differences. Aim: To determine whether same-sex weight-discordant (one with, one without overweight) adolescent siblings differ in ability to compensate for prior energy intake. Methods: Same-sex biological sibling pairs (mean age = 15.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.1, 15.7) ( n = 38 pairs; 21 male pairs) consumed a sugar-sweetened (450 kcal) or a non-nutritive-sweetened (10 kcal) liquid preload of equal volumes on separate days, followed by an ad libitum lunch. Multilevel models examined ability to compensate, dietary restraint, and parental control of child’s feeding. Results: Siblings showed insufficient compensation and overate (with overweight = 44 kcal; without overweight = 32 kcal). Siblings shared little within-family similarity in compensation (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.20). Compensation was predicted by parental restriction and general restriction ( p = 0.02) Differences in siblings’ BMI z-scores were associated with differences in dietary restraint ( p = 0.04) not with differences in compensation. Conclusion: Sibling differences in compensation for energy from sweetened beverages were not associated with differences in their adiposity. Compensation may be determined by a constellation of factors, including age, parental feeding practices, and food characteristics.
The presence of the double burden of malnutrition in children and their mothers in Grand-Popo, Benin
Authors: Lokossou Yrence Urielle Amoussou , Azandjèmè Colette , Ayuk Betrand Tambe , Mbhenyane Xikombiso 
Published: October 2020

Background: Malnutrition is a public health problem, with 45% of child deaths attributed to undernutrition. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of the double burden of malnutrition in children-mother pairs in Benin. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional approach was used to collect data from 408 randomly selected children aged 0–59 months and their mothers. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic and socioeconomic status, and anthropometric measurements were used to estimate the nutritional status of children and body mass indexes of the mothers. The World Health Organization Anthro software was used to estimate Z-scores whereas SPSS version 25 was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive and regression analysis were carried out on the data. Results: The mean age of children was 24.45 ± 14.9 months and 53.2% were girls. The mean age of mothers was 27.99 ± 6.99, 93.1% were married and approximately 91.7% of households had a monthly income of US$60. Prevalence of wasting in children was 9.8% and stunting was 29.7%. The mean waist circumference of mothers was 79.95 ± 10.35 cm and 19.3% were classified as high metabolic risk. Body mass index measurements showed that 16.9% of mothers were overweight and 7.4% obese. Conclusions: Stunting and wasting were highly prevalent. There is a coexistence of underweight and overweight in Grand-Popo, Benin. The results drew attention to the need for coordination of preventive interventions to focus on the household food distribution.
Venous leg ulcer healing time is increased with each subsequent bacterial strain identified in the ulcer. A retrospective study
Authors: Kruszewska Karolina , Wesolowska-Gorniak Katarzyna , Czarkowska-Paczek Bozena 
Published: October 2020

Objective The aim of the study was to analyze bacterial flora in venous leg ulcers, empiric and targeted antibiotic therapy, and factors influencing healing time. Materials and methods Data from 30 patients with venous leg ulcers were retrospectively analyzed. Collected data included: sociodemographic data, wounds information, number of comorbidities, results of the microbiological examination, and empiric and targeted antibiotic therapy. To compare the empiric and targeted treatment in terms of their compatibility, the group of patients was divided into the four subgroups: NEA (no empiric antibiotics), NA (no antibiotics), ETA+ (compatibility of empiric and targeted antibiotic), ETA− (no compatibility of empiric and targeted antibiotic). Results The average ulcer healing time was 163.4 ± 97.1 (range 51.0 to 426.0) days and increased by 28 days with each additional bacterial strain in the ulcer (p = 0.041). Healing time did not differ between the four groups. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most frequent bacteria. Amoxicillinium/acidum clavulanicum was the most common empirical antibiotic and amoxicillinium/acidum clavulanicum, and levofloxacinum was the most common targeted antibiotic. Conclusions Venous leg ulcer healing time was prolonged with each subsequent bacterial strain in the ulcer, and it was independent from systemic antibiotic therapy.