bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Experimental Investigation on the Flow Characteristics of Nanofluids in Turbulent Flow
Authors: Lv Jizu , Zhang Zhenxian , Hu Chengzhi , Bai Minli 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In addition to the increase of thermal conductivity, heat transferring for nanofluids strengthening mechanism also includes the changes of the flow characteristics, therefore it is needed to take an in-depth research on nanofluids flow characteristics. However previous visualization experiment do not quantitatively analyze the change of flow characteristics after nano-particles is added, do not reveal the mechanism of nanofluids changing the characteristics of the fluid in intense turbulent flow condition. Therefore in this paper, by means of particle image velocimetry, quantitatively study SiO2-water nanofluids flow characteristics in intense turbulent flow condition and analyze the influence of SiO2-water nanofluids on turbulent flow energy by measuring the pressure drop caused by fluid flowing through the channel.
Fluid flow through rectangular convex channel (channel composed of continuous staggered rectangular convex platform) to obtain the steady intense turbulent flow. The rectangular convex channel makes the fluid flow through obstacles for several times, so that the flow direction changes for several times, and vortexes are generated in the local scope, which makes turbulence enhance and increases minor loss. In this way, flow can be in the intense turbulent state under a low flow rate, which meets the experiment requirement and is convenient to compare the influence of nano-particles on flow resistance and energy loss. The experiment takes the quantitative PIV experimental research on pure water and the volume fraction of 0.5% SiO2-water nanofluids respectively in the Reynolds number is 2300, 2500, 3000, 4000. Through the experiment, we can obtain nanofluids turbulent flow condition fluctuating velocity, turbulence kinetic, energy loss and so on, and the fluid flow velocity vector, streamline and vorticity graph. Through the quantitative comparison of the spiral numbers, the vorticity distribution, and energy loss, analyze strengthening effect and influence of flow resistance on basic fluid after adding nanoparticles.
PPV Effect on Smoke Movement Through a Shaft in High-Rise Fires: Experiments and CFD Simulation
Authors: Ye Xiaoman , Ezekoye Ofodike A. , He Qize 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
While Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) has proven to be effective in high-rise fire-fighting, its effect on smoke movement through a stairwell shafts in high-rise fires is still inconclusive. Towards better understanding of the effects of PPV for smoke transport in high-rise type structures, a 1/4 reduced-scale 7-floor building with dimensions of 1.0 m × 0.5 m × 4.2 m consisting of a vertical shaft and several rooms over a number of floors has been designed and tested. Both experiments and CFD simulations for this model were conducted. It was found that there are several potential PPV tactics that could be useful in high-rise smoke control in fires. In the cases examined, PPV was considered to be applied from outside the building through vents in external rooms of the building. When a PPV fan is applied above the floor containing the fire layer, the pressure induced by the PPV flow should be larger than the pressure difference caused by the stack effect induced by the hot fire product gases. Insufficient PPV flow rates is shown to lead to accumulation of smoke and further increase in the gas temperature within the shaft due to the blocking effect. A better option is applying PPV below the fire floor. With the same pressurization air flow rate, applying PPV from below the fire floor is more effective than applying it from the top of building. In this situation, PPV not only prevents accumulation of the smoke in the shaft, but also prevents smoke from entering the shaft. The results of this study can guide the development of firefighter ventilation tactics for smoke control in high-rise fires.
Liquid Transport During Evaporation of Water From a Small Simulated Soil Column
Authors: Chakraborty Partha Pratim , Ross Molly , Bindra Hitesh , Derby Melanie M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The food-energy-water nexus considers critical resource challenges which must be resolved in order to meet the needs of a growing population. Agriculture is the largest global water user, accounting for two-thirds of global water withdrawals, including water for crop irrigation. Understanding and therefore reducing evaporation of water from soil is an approach to conserve water resources globally. This work studies evaporation of water from a simulated soil column and employs x-ray imaging to determine the location of water in the porous media. A 30-mL beaker was filled with approximately 1700 2-mm hydrophilic glass beads. Water (i.e., 5.5 mL) was added to the simulated soil, comprised of glass beads and a heat flux (i.e., 1500 W/m2) was applied to the beaker using a solar simulator and the intensity was measured with a light meter. Real-time mass measurements were recorded during evaporation and X-ray imaging was utilized to capture liquid transport during evaporation. Images were post-processed using Matlab; the position of the liquid front was determined from this imaging. Across three replications, it took 47 hours on average to evaporate 5 mL of the total 5.5 mL of water. The transitions between evaporation Stage I, II, and III evaporation rates were determined using mass data and x-ray imaging; transition between Stages I and II occurred between approximately 4 and 9 hours, and the transition from Stage II to III evaporation occurred between approximately 18 and 24 hours. The result of this experiment will be useful to understand the liquid transport and formation of liquid bridges during evaporation from soil.
Pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors associated with survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fernando Shannon M , Tran Alexandre , Cheng Wei , Rochwerg Bram , Taljaard Monica , Vaillancourt Christian , Rowan Kathryn M , Harrison David A , Nolan Jerry P , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo , McIsaac Daniel I , Guyatt Gordon H , Perry Jeffrey J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine associations between important pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to 4 February 2019. Primary, unpublished data from the United Kingdom National Cardiac Arrest Audit database.Study selection criteriaEnglish language studies that investigated pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest.Data extractionPROGRESS (prognosis research strategy group) recommendations and the CHARMS (critical appraisal and data extraction for systematic reviews of prediction modelling studies) checklist were followed. Risk of bias was assessed by using the QUIPS tool (quality in prognosis studies). The primary analysis pooled associations only if they were adjusted for relevant confounders. The GRADE approach (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation) was used to rate certainty in the evidence.ResultsThe primary analysis included 23 cohort studies. Of the pre-arrest factors, male sex (odds ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.73 to 0.95, moderate certainty), age 60 or older (0.50, 0.40 to 0.62, low certainty), active malignancy (0.57, 0.45 to 0.71, high certainty), and history of chronic kidney disease (0.56, 0.40 to 0.78, high certainty) were associated with reduced odds of survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Of the intra-arrest factors, witnessed arrest (2.71, 2.17 to 3.38, high certainty), monitored arrest (2.23, 1.41 to 3.52, high certainty), arrest during daytime hours (1.41, 1.20 to 1.66, high certainty), and initial shockable rhythm (5.28, 3.78 to 7.39, high certainty) were associated with increased odds of survival. Intubation during arrest (0.54, 0.42 to 0.70, moderate certainty) and duration of resuscitation of at least 15 minutes (0.12, 0.07 to 0.19, high certainty) were associated with reduced odds of survival.ConclusionModerate to high certainty evidence was found for associations of pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors with survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42018104795
Influence of sleep problems and co-occurring musculoskeletal pain on long-term prognosis of chronic low back pain: the HUNT Study
Authors: Skarpsno Eivind Schjelderup , Mork Paul Jarle , Nilsen Tom Ivar Lund , Nordstoga Anne Lovise 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundWe investigated the influence of sleeplessness and number of insomnia symptoms on the probability of recovery from chronic low back pain (LBP), and the possible interplay between sleeplessness and co-occurring musculoskeletal pain on this association.MethodsThe study comprised data on 3712 women and 2488 men in the Norwegian HUNT study who reported chronic LBP at baseline in 1995–1997. A modified Poisson regression model was used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (RRs) for the probability of recovery from chronic LBP at follow-up in 2006–2008, associated with sleep problems and co-occurring musculoskeletal pain at baseline.ResultsCompared with persons without sleeplessness, persons who often/always experienced sleeplessness had a lower probability of recovery from chronic LBP (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.74 in women and RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.95 in men). Although there was no clear evidence of statistical interaction between sleeplessness and co-occurring musculoskeletal pain, women and men who often/always experienced sleeplessness and had ≥5 additional chronic pain sites had RRs of recovery of 0.40 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.48) and 0.59 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.78), respectively, compared with persons without sleeplessness and 1–2 chronic pain sites.ConclusionThese findings suggest that preventing or reducing sleep problems among people with chronic LBP may have the potential of improving the long-term prognosis of this condition, also among those with several additional pain sites.
Unmanned aerial vehicles can accurately, reliably, and economically compete with terrestrial mapping methods
Authors: Thomas Orrin , Stallings Christian , Wilkinson Benjamin 
Published: December 2019

Structure from motion (SfM) and imagery-derived point clouds (IDPC) are excellent tools for collecting spatial data. However, reported accuracies from unmanned aerial systems (UAS) commonly fall short of their theoretical potential. The research presented here, using a DJI Inspire 2 with post-processed kinematic direct geopositioning, demonstrates that UAS mapping can be consistently accurate enough for use in place of, or in concert with, terrestrial methods (2 cm vertical root mean squared error). We further demonstrate that features that are missing or distorted in IDPC (e.g., roof edges, break lines, and above-ground utilities) can be collected from UAS-imagery stereo models with similar accuracy. Accuracy in the experiments was verified by comparison to data from a total station and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). Use of the recommended hardware and stereo compilation reduced mapping costs by 40%–75% on three test projects.
The 2030 Agenda: A Survival Kit for Humanity
Authors: Friberg Peter , Causevic Sara , Dahlstrand Johan , Segersten Ulrica , Tomson Göran 
Published: December 2019

To deliver on the 2030 Agenda and the seventeen development goals, while facing complex health challenges, we need research and education that extend across multiple scientific fields. This will enable researchers from a variety of disciplines to meet, identify research issues, apply for funding, and conduct interdisciplinary research. In addition, student involvement is key in achieving the 2030 Agenda’s global goals – and beyond. Challenges include, climate change and child health, non-peaceful societies, gender inequalities and health. The Swedish Institute for Global Health Transformation (SIGHT) was founded in 2017 at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences with the support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. SIGHT’s mission is to promote an interdisciplinary approach in research and education in the field of global health. In order to deliver on the commitment to global health among researchers and students in various scientific fields and at universities and colleges across Sweden, SIGHT has established SIGHT Fellows, a mentoring programme for academic researchers. In collaboration with universities, established research institutions, and other stakeholders, SIGHT Student Network holds dynamic meetings for students from a variety of disciplines and universities to contribute to delivering the UN’s sustainability goals.
Microemboli After Successful Thrombectomy Do Not Affect Outcome but Predict New Embolic Events
Authors: Sheriff Faheem , Diz-Lopes Mariana , Khawaja Ayaz , Sorond Farzaneh , Tan Can Ozan , Azevedo Elsa , Franceschini Maria Angela , Vaitkevicius Henri , Li Karen , Monk Andrew Donald , Michaud Sarah LaRose , Feske Steven K. , Castro Pedro 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—
We aimed to determine if microemboli after endovascular thrombectomy correlate with unfavorable outcomes despite successful recanalization.

Methods—
This is a prospective multicenter study of consecutive patients with ischemic stroke and occlusion of anterior circulation vessels (terminal internal carotid or main trunk of the middle cerebral artery/first-order branch of the main trunk of the middle cerebral artery segments of middle cerebral artery) after successful thrombectomy (modified Treatment In Cerebral Ischemia grades 2b-3). Microembolic signals (MES) were assessed by 30 minutes of transcranial Doppler monitoring within 72 hours of the last-seen-well time. Major outcomes included modified Rankin Scale at 90 days and infarct volume on head computed tomography at 24 hours. We also assessed early outcomes based on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale variation and recurrence of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or systemic embolism within 90 days.

Results—

Among 111 patients, MES were detected in 43 (39%), with a median rate of 4 counts/h (interquartile range 2–12). The occurrence of MES was not associated with a significant difference in modified Rankin Scale (ordinal shift analysis, adjusted odds ratio, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.48–2.34]
P
=0.85) nor in functional independence (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2: adjusted odds ratio, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.19–1.39]
P
=0.19). Patients with and without MES had similar infarct volumes (adjusted beta, 11.2 [95% CI, −46.6 to +22.9]
P
=0.51) on 24-hour computed tomography. MES did predict new embolic events (adjusted Cox hazard ratio, 6.78 [95% CI, 1.63–27.8]
P
=0.01).

Conclusions—
MES detected by transcranial Doppler following endovascular treatment of anterior circulation occlusions do not predict clinical or radiological outcome. However, such emboli are an independent marker of recurrent embolic events within 90 days.
The Role of Hand Movement in Spatial Serial Order Memory
Authors: Zhao Yangke , Chen Chuansheng , Qian Xiuying 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Research on serial order memory has traditionally used tasks where participants passively view the items. A few studies that included hand movement showed that such movement interfered with serial order memory. In the present study of three experiments, we investigated whether and how hand movements improved spatial serial order memory. Experiment 1 showed that manual tracing (i.e., hand movements that traced the presentation of stimuli on the modified eCorsi block tapping task) improved the performance of backward recall as compared to no manual tracing (the control condition). Experiment 2 showed that the facilitation effect resulted from voluntary hand movements and could not be achieved via passive viewing of another person’s manual tracing. Experiment 3 showed that it was the temporal, not the spatial, signal within manual tracing that facilitated spatial serial memory.
<p><strong>A new species of<em> Bulbophyllum </em>(Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae) from Papua New Guinea</strong></p>
Authors: THOERLE LISA , PHILLIPS WILLIAM A. 
Published: December 2019

Bulbophyllum rinkei, a new species in Bulbophyllum sect. Monanthaparva from Papua New Guinea, is described and illustrated. Bulbophyllum rinkei is distinguished from the similar B. pterostele by its flowers with a trilobed lip with large, rounded, erect basal lateral lobes (vs. oblong with erect lateral margins) and a column with deltoid stelidia with an obtuse triangular tooth on the upper margin (vs. spatulate, truncate).
A Case Study of the Physical Processes Associated with the Atmospheric River Initial-Condition Sensitivity from an Adjoint Model
Authors: Demirdjian Reuben , Doyle James D. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Norris Joel R. , Michaelis Allison C. , Ralph F. Martin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Analysis of a strong landfalling atmospheric river is presented that compares the evolution of a control simulation with that of an adjoint-derived perturbed simulation using the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System. The initial-condition sensitivities are optimized for all state variables to maximize the accumulated precipitation within the majority of California. The water vapor transport is found to be substantially enhanced at the California coast in the perturbed simulation during the time of peak precipitation, demonstrating a strengthened role of the orographic precipitation forcing. Similarly, moisture convergence and vertical velocities derived from the transverse circulation are found to be substantially enhanced during the time of peak precipitation, also demonstrating a strengthened role of the dynamic component of the precipitation.
Importantly, both components of precipitation are associated with enhanced latent heating by which (i) a stronger diabatically driven low-level potential vorticity anomaly strengthens the low-level wind (and thereby the orographic precipitation forcing), and (ii) greater moist diabatic forcing enhances the Sawyer–Eliassen transverse circulation and thereby increases ascent and dynamic precipitation. A Lagrangian parcel trajectory analysis demonstrates that a positive moisture perturbation within the atmospheric river increases the moisture transport into the warm conveyor belt offshore, which enhances latent heating in the perturbed simulation. These results suggest that the precipitation forecast in this case is particularly sensitive to the initial moisture content within the atmospheric river due to its role in enhancing both the orographic precipitation forcing and the dynamic component of precipitation.
Estimating the Effective Radiative Forcing of Contrail Cirrus
Authors: Bickel Marius , Ponater Michael , Bock Lisa , Burkhardt Ulrike , Reineke Svenja 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEvidence from previous climate model simulations has suggested a potentially low efficacy of contrails to force global mean surface temperature changes. In this paper, a climate model with a state-of-the-art contrail cirrus representation is used for fixed sea surface temperature simulations in order to determine the effective radiative forcing (ERF) from contrail cirrus. ERF is expected to be a good metric for intercomparing the quantitative importance of different contributions to surface temperature and climate impact. Substantial upscaling of aviation density is necessary to ensure statistically significant results from our simulations. The contrail cirrus ERF is found to be less than 50% of the respective instantaneous or stratosphere adjusted radiative forcings, with a best estimate of roughly 35%. The reduction of ERF is much more substantial for contrail cirrus than it is for a CO2increase when both stratosphere adjusted forcings are of similar magnitude. Analysis of all rapid radiative adjustments contributing to the ERF indicates that the reduction is mainly induced by a compensating effect of natural clouds that provide a negative feedback. Compared to the CO2reference case, a less positive combined water vapor and lapse rate adjustment also contributes to a more distinct reduction of contrail cirrus ERF, but not as much as the natural cloud adjustment. Based on the experience gained in this paper, respective contrail cirrus simulations with interactive ocean will be performed as the next step toward establishing contrail cirrus efficacy. ERF results of contrail cirrus from other climate models equipped with suitable parameterizations are regarded as highly desirable.
Estimation of Aerosol-Corrected Surface Solar Irradiance at Local Incidence Angle over Different Physiographic Subdivisions of India and Adjoining Areas Using MODIS and SRTM Data
Authors: Lukose Libeesh , Dutta Dibyendu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSurface solar irradiance is considered as an important component of the surface radiation budget and constitutes one of the essential climate variables. In the present study, clear-sky instantaneous solar irradiance was estimated over 15 physiographic regions of India during January. Dewpoint temperature profiles were extracted from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument onboard the Aqua satellite to calculate actual vapor pressure following Clausius–Clapeyron equation, which was further used in the Zillman parameterization for solar irradiance. The effect of terrain slope and aspect on direct radiation was taken into account by modifying the parameterized incoming shortwave flux by introducing the local incidence angle. A significant positive correlation was found between terrain-corrected MODIS irradiance and measured radiation data but the RMSE was very high (187 W m−2). Further, the effect of aerosol extinction was introduced by multiplying the terrain-corrected flux by a transmission factor obtained from satellite-derived aerosol optical depth and Ångström exponent. Due to the inclusion of the aerosol transmittance, the correlation was significantly improved (R2 = 0.84) and RMSE was reduced (31 W m−2). Further the effect of surface orientation on surface irradiance was evaluated on six hilly subdivisions. A large variation in the flux (135 to 161 W m−2) was noticed among different aspect classes. The variability was highest in the Eastern Himalayas subdivision (>250 W m−2) and was a minimum in the Eastern Hills subdivision (<28 W m−2). In absence of ground radiation data in hills, Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), was used for validation of model output but it performed poorly and got saturated at higher surface irradiance values.