bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EBV and CMV viral load in rheumatoid arthritis and their role in associated Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Sorgato Camila Carvalho , Lins‐e‐Silva Marília , Leão Jair Carneiro , Vasconcelos Luydson Richardson , Romão Tatiany Patrícia , Duarte Angela Luzia , Gueiros Luiz Alcino 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe role of viral infections in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has long been suggested, but little evidence is available.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate an association between EBV and CMV and the presence of rheumatoid arthritis and its association with Sjögren's Syndrome.Patients and MethodA case‐control study was performed with 227 patients divided in RA (n = 99), RA/SS (n = 20), and C (n = 128). Resting salivary flow rate and Schirmer's test were performed; minor salivary gland biopsy was indicated in the case of suspected Sjögren's syndrome. CMV and EBV viral loads were quantified in peripheral blood, and their presence in glandular tissue samples was evaluated by in situ hybridization (EBV) and immunohistochemistry (CMV).ResultsEBV was more frequent in RA and RA/SS than in C (P < .000007). No correlation with clinical markers (P > .05) or between RA and RA/SS was found (P > .05). A higher number of EBV/DNA copies were found in RA (158.52 copies/μL) and RA/SS (99.24 copies/μL) (P = .739). EBV/DNA was associated with the Schirmer test (P = .0231). CMV was detected in one patient of the RA group. None of the viruses were detected in biopsies of minor salivary glands.ConclusionsDetection of EBV/DNA in peripheral blood was associated with RA regardless of the presence of SS.
The Temporomandibular Joint: A Critical Review of Life‐Support Functions, Development, Articular Surfaces, Biomechanics and Degeneration
Authors: Roberts W. Eugene , Goodacre Charles J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe temporomandibular joint is a highly conserved articulation because it promotes survival and propagation via the essential functions of mastication, communication, and routine mating success (dentofacial esthetics). The temporomandibular joint is a unique secondary joint formed between the endochondral temporal bone and the mandibular secondary condylar cartilage via Indian hedgehog and bone morphogenetic protein signaling that is closely related to ear development. A dynamic epigenetic environment is provided by Spry1 and Spry2 genetic induction of the lateral pterygoid and temporalis muscles. Mechanical loading of the condylar periosteum during fetal development produces a superficial layer of fibrocartilage that separates from the condyle to form the interposed temporomandibular joint disc. The articular surfaces of the condyle and fossa are dynamically modified periosteum that has healing and regenerative capability. This unique tissue is composed of a superficial fibrous layer (synovial surface) with an underlying proliferative (cambium) layer that produces a cushioning layer of fibrocartilage which subsequently forms bone. Prior to occlusion of the first primary (deciduous) molars at about 16 months, facial development is dominated by primary genetic mechanisms. After achieving posterior functional occlusion, biomechanics enhances temporomandibular joint maturation, and assumes control of facial growth, development and adaptation. Concurrently, hypothalamus control of musculoskeletal physiology shifts from insulin‐like growth factor IGF2 to IGF1, which affects bone via muscular loading (biomechanics). Three layers of temporomandibular joint fibrocartilage are resistant to heavy functional loading, but parafunctional clenching may result in degeneration that is first manifest as trabecular sclerosis of the mandibular condyle.
Registering Maxillomandibular Relation to Create a Virtual Patient Integrated with a Virtual Articulator for Complex Implant Rehabilitation: A Clinical Report
Authors: Li Junying , Chen Zhaozhao , Dong Bo , Wang Hom‐Lay , Joda Tim , Yu Haiyang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe virtual patient, a unique computer simulation of the patient's face, teeth, oral mucosa, and bone, provides an extraordinary mechanism for digital dental implant surgery planning and prosthetic design. However, the seamless registration of digital scans with functional information in the context of a virtual articulator remains a challenge. This report describes the treatment of a 47‐year‐old male with full‐mouth guided immediate implant placement and immediate loading of CAD/CAM interim prostheses. Utilizing a novel digital workflow, a multifactorial registration of the vertical dimension of occlusion, centric occlusion, and facebow record were completed digitally and paired within a digital articulator. Utilizing this innovative approach, a complex treatment plan and procedure was executed smoothly with a successful prosthetic outcome demonstrating good fit, occlusion, esthetics, and patient reported satisfaction.
Characterization of Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae) associated microbial communities1
Authors: Haberkorn Iris , Walser Jean‐Claude , Helisch Harald , Böcker Lukas , Belz Stefan , Schuppler Markus , Fasoulas Stefanos , Mathys Alexander 
Published: May 2020

Microalgae exhibit extensive potential for counteracting imminent challenges in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and biomaterial sectors, but lack economic viability. Biotechnological systems for contamination control could advance the economic viability of microalgal feedstock, but the selection of suitable strains that sustainably promote microalgal productivity remains challenging. In this study, total diversity in phototrophic Chlorella vulgaris cultures was assessed by amplicon sequencing comparing cultures subjected to five different cultivation conditions. Overall, 12 eukaryotic and 53 prokaryotic taxa were identified; Alphaproteobacteria (36.7%) dominated the prokaryotic and C. vulgaris (97.2%) the eukaryotic community. Despite altering cultivation conditions, 2 eukaryotic and 40 prokaryotic taxa remained stably associated with C. vulgaris; diversity between systems did not significantly differ (P > 0.05). Among those, 20 cultivable taxa were isolated and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Subsequently, controlled co‐cultures were investigated showing stable associations of C. vulgaris with Sphingopyxis sp. and Pseudomonas sp.. Out‐competition of C. vulgaris due to ammonium or phosphate limitation was not observed, despite significantly elevated growth of Sphingopyxis sp. and Tistrella sp.. (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, C. vulgaris growth was impaired by Tistrella sp.. Hence, the study provides a selection of stable indigenous prokaryotes and eukaryotes for artificially tailoring microbial biocenoses. Following a bottom‐up approach, it provides a base for controlled co‐cultures and thus the establishment of even more complex biocenoses using interkingdom assemblages. Such assemblages can benefit from functional richness for improved nutrient utilization, as well as bacterial load control, which can enhance microalgal feedstock production through improved culture stability and productivity.
Serum creatinine levels in cases of posterior urethral valve: 29 years experience of a pediatric urology reference center
Authors: Demirkan Hasan , Yeşildal Cumhur 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective study is to describe the importance of serum creatinine levels for the long‐term renal outcome in cases of posterior urethral valve.MethodsRecords of 94 patients who underwent cystoscopic valve ablation were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic variables, radiologic findings, and serum creatinine levels were recorded. Patients were grouped according to the serum creatinine levels in the first month of life. Twenty‐four patients' serum creatinine levels were found to be above 1 mg/dL in group 1 and ≤1 mg/dL in 70 patients in group 2.ResultsThe initial findings of 74 patients were as follows: pyelonephritis in 24 (32.43%) patients, hydronephrosis in 20 (27.02%), and inability to urinate in 18 (24.32%). Prenatal hydronephrosis was present in 36 cases (38.29%). Of the 92 voiding cystograms, 53.26% had findings that included vesicoureteral reflux. The mean serum creatinine levels of the patients in group 1 increased above 1 mg/dL in the 2nd year, the significant difference between the two groups lasted up to 7 years of age, and no significant difference was observed at the age of 7. The mean serum creatinine levels of the patients in group 2 were observed to increase above 1 mg/dL by the 10th year.ConclusionsIn patients with posterior urethral valves, nadir creatinine, especially higher than 1 mg/dL, should be considered as high risk for end‐stage renal disease. Therefore, clinicians should improve awareness about early detection and treatment of posterior urethral valves, and these patients should be monitored as early as possible for the risk of chronic kidney disease.
The initial detection of Toscana virus in phlebotomine sandflies from Turkey
Authors: Özbel Y. , Oğuz G. , Arserim S. K. , Erişöz Kasap Ö. , Karaoglu B. , Yilmaz A. , Emanet N. , Günay F. , Hacioğlu S. , Demirok M. C. , Töz S. , Alten B. , Nalçaci M. , Özkul A. , Ergünay K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractToscana virus (TOSV) is a prominent arthropod‐borne viral agent of human central nervous system infections occurring in the Mediterranean region. The main transmission route to susceptible individuals involves sandflies as vectors. Despite several reports revealing widespread TOSV activity in Turkey, vectors remained unidentified. A sandfly field survey was carried out in five provinces in Central, Southeast and Mediterranean Anatolia in 2017 to identify TOSV and related sandfly‐borne phleboviruses and Leishmania parasites, with evidence for circulation in the region. A total of 7136 sandfly specimens, collected via standard methods, were evaluated in 163 pools. TOSV was detected in 11 pools (6.7%), comprising Phlebotomus major sensu lato, Sergentomyia dentata and Phlebotomus papatasi species. TOSV partial L and S segment sequences were characterized, that phylogenetically clustered with local and global genotype A strains. An amino acid substitution outside the conserved motifs of the viral polymerase, also present in previous TOSV sequences in endemic regions, was observed. Leishmania tropica was detected in a single pool of Ph. sergentii (0.6%). This is the first report of TOSV in sandflies from Turkey, and this study further provides evidence for additional sandfly species with the potential to transmit
TOSV.
Self‐management recommendations for sickle cell disease: A content analysis of websites
Authors: Druye Andrews A. , Nelson Katherine , Robinson Brian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis authors report on the findings of a study designed to establish website‐based self‐management recommendations for sickle cell disease. Google and Yahoo search engines were used to search the World Wide Web. Purposive sampling was used to select 28 websites that met the inclusion criteria. Data were manually collected from health education materials and subjected to qualitative content analysis. Self‐management was conceptualized as actions involving preventive health, self‐monitoring, self‐diagnosing, and self‐treatment. The results show that the websites recommend more self‐management actions for preventive health and self‐treatment than for self‐monitoring and self‐diagnosis. Frequent oral fluid intake, limitation of overactivity, eating a healthy diet, avoiding extreme temperatures, and infections were the most common preventive health recommendations. Daily pain monitoring and general bodily inspections were the most frequent self‐monitoring recommendations. Commonly cited self‐diagnostic indicators were fever, persistent pain, enlarged spleen, and leg ulcers. The use of analgesics and nonpharmacological measures were regularly cited for self‐treatment. Most recommendations were assessed as clinically safe as they align with standards for sickle cell management. Nurses and other professionals should teach clients how to assess the credibility of websites.
Application of metabolomics to the study of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Bennet Sean M. , Keshteli Ammar H. , Bercik Premysl , Madsen Karen L. , Reed David , Vanner Stephen J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome and the detection of biomarkers of specific mechanisms and/or predictors of therapeutic response remain elusive. This roadblock reflects, in large part, the complexity and heterogeneity of the disorder. Recently, there has been growing evidence of a dietary and/or microbiome interaction with the host that may trigger symptoms in a subset of patients. While a number of techniques are available to examine these potential interactions, “omic” approaches such as metabolomics are becoming more widely used. Metabolomics measures hundreds and potentially thousands of known and unknown small molecule chemicals (metabolites) to provide a unique look into mechanisms that underlie symptom generation and potential predictors of therapeutic response. In this issue of the journal, Lee et al use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to demonstrate the value of this approach to study IBS. This review examines the use of metabolomics to better understand IBS, focusing on what has been learned to date, practical and technical considerations, its potential for future research and how the study by Lee et al have contributed to these concepts.
Pediatric donor heart allocation in the United States, 2006‐2017: Current patterns and potential for improvement
Authors: Giafaglione Jaclyn , Morrison Adam , Gowda Charitha , Gajarski Robert , Nandi Deipanjan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo understand current donor heart allocation practices for pediatric transplantation.BackgroundDespite high waitlist mortality rates among pediatric patients awaiting transplant, a substantial proportion of donor hearts go unused. Analysis of UNOS match run data may identify opportunities to optimize organ utilization.MethodsUsing UNOS/OPTN data, we evaluated all match runs for pediatric (<18 years) donor hearts from 1/1/2006 to 3/31/2017. We assessed final disposition of donor hearts, reasons for donor refusal, and other match run characteristics. Variation in total offers made per organ, and refusal rates by OPOs were also evaluated.ResultsOf 7585 pediatric potential donor hearts, 2226 (29.3%) were refused. Hearts accepted underwent a median of 2 offers (IQR: 1‐5), compared to 11 (IQR: 5‐24) for refused donor hearts. Organ refusal rates decreased from 36.9% in 2006‐2009 to 22.3% in 2014‐2017 (P < .001). Reasons for refusal included quality (80.9%), size mismatch (57.5%), and known/suspected crossmatch positivity (39.1%). Among 1800 hearts deemed “poor quality” by ≥1 transplant program, less than half (46.6%) were coded “poor quality” by multiple refusing programs. Organ refusal rates ranged from 13.5% to 83.3% across OPOs, and there was no correlation between refusal rates and median number of offers made by the OPO.ConclusionAlthough more organs are being used over time, 1 in 5 available pediatric donor hearts are still discarded. The lack of donor evaluation consensus and wide variability in donor refusal rates indicates a need for standardization of donor assessment and match run processes across OPOs.
Managing Mass Fatalities during COVID‐19: Lessons for Promoting Community Resilience during Global Pandemics
Authors: Entress Rebecca M. , Tyler Jenna , Sadiq Abdul‐Akeem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the United States and around the world, COVID‐19 represents a mass fatality incident, as there are more bodies than can be handled using existing resources. Although the management and disposition of bodies is distressing and heartrending, it is a task that local, state, and federal governments must plan for and respond to collaboratively with the private sector and faith‐based community. When mass fatalities are mismanaged, there are grave emotional and mental health consequences that can delay recovery and undermine community resilience. Using insights from one author's mass fatality management research during the 2010 Haiti earthquake, this Viewpoint essay explores how mass fatalities are being managed in response to COVID‐19. Based on the researcher's findings a decade ago, it is apparent that many lessons have not been learned. The essay concludes by providing governments with practical lessons on how to manage mass fatalities to facilitate and promote community resilience.
The Effects of Governmental and Individual Predictors on COVID‐19 Protective Behaviors in China: A Path Analysis Model
Authors: Dai Bibing , Fu Di , Meng Guangteng , Liu Bingsheng , Li Qi , Liu Xun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has plunged the world into a crisis. To contain this crisis, it is essential to build full cooperation between the government and the public. However, it is unclear which governmental and individual factors are determinants and how they interact with protective behaviors against COVID‐19. To resolve this issue, this study builds a multiple mediation model. Findings show that government emergency public information such as detailed pandemic information and positive risk communication had greater impact on protective behaviors than rumor refutation and supplies. Moreover, governmental factors may indirectly affect protective behaviors through individual factors such as perceived efficacy, positive emotions, and risk perception. These findings suggest that systematic intervention programs for governmental factors need to be integrated with individual factors to achieve effective prevention and control of COVID‐19 among the public.
Association of bovine KISS1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with reproductive traits in Indian Cattle
Authors: Singh Umesh , Alex Rani , Kumar Sushil , Deb Rajib , Venkatesan Raja Thiruvothur , Singhal Shaily , Sengar Gyanendra Singh , Singh Rathod Bharat , Srirama Murthy Kotikalapudi , Vasant Rao Patil Nitin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKisspeptins, a family of neuropeptide encoded by the Kiss1 gene, have emerged as crucial regulator of fertility and reproduction by regulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. The present study was aimed to identify and associate SNPs in the KISS1 gene with reproductive traits in cattle of Indian origin. DNA samples collected from 300 individual cows of three Indian dairy breeds (Gir, Kankrej and Frieswal) of cattle were used in the study. The SNPs of KISS1 gene were identified with PCR‐RFLP and sequence analysis using two sets of primer pairs. A total of 5 SNPs were identified in the targeted region of which, two were selected for screening the population and association studies. The analysis revealed that genotypes of rs442633552G>A and rs42022871C>T had a significant association with dry period. The SNP rs42022871C>T also established significant role in milk production traits, and selection of TT‐genotyped animals will improve the reproduction and production potential of the animals.
Artificial Intelligence for Natural Hazards Risk Analysis: Potential, Challenges, and Research Needs
Authors: Guikema Seth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) methods have seen increasingly widespread use in everything from consumer products and driverless cars to fraud detection and weather forecasting. The use of AI has transformed many of these application domains. There are ongoing efforts at leveraging AI for disaster risk analysis. This article takes a critical look at the use of AI for disaster risk analysis. What is the potential? How is the use of AI in this field different from its use in nondisaster fields? What challenges need to be overcome for this potential to be realized? And, what are the potential pitfalls of an AI‐based approach for disaster risk analysis that we as a society must be cautious of?
“Opt out” or kept out? The effect of stigma, structure, selection, and sector on the labor force participation of married women in India
Authors: Datta Gupta Nabanita , Nandy Debasish , Siddhanta Suddhasil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing the 61st and 68th rounds of National Sample Survey data, we investigate the role of stigma, the economy’s structure, potential selection bias, and sectoral differences in explaining the low labor force participation (LFP) of middle and secondary educated women in India relative to low‐ and high‐educated women (the “U‐shape”). Estimating LFP regressions on a sample of prime‐aged married women, we show that, controlling for background characteristics, if a woman’s husband works in a white‐collar job in a region with a high share of blue‐collar jobs, she is less likely to participate in the labor market (stigma). We also find a positive effect of an increase in an index of white‐collar job growth (structure) on married women’s LFP. These effects are present in both rural and urban sectors but are strongest in the rural sector. However, middle and secondary educated women are still found to have substantially lower LFP than low‐ and graduate‐educated women in both sectors. Indeed, over time, the U‐shape persists in the rural sector and deepens in the urban sector. Because unobservables are quite large in the urban sector, we use the method of instrumental variables and find an increasing return at middle levels but stagnation at higher levels.
Liposome‐encapsulated statins reduce hypertrophic scarring through topical application
Authors: Xie Ping , Dolivo David M. , Jia Shengxian , Cheng XingGuo , Salcido John , Galiano Robert D. , Hong Seok Jong , Mustoe Thomas A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHypertrophic scar is an important clinical problem with limited therapeutic options. Aside from their roles as 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, statins have also been demonstrated to decrease scarring by reducing connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression. However, poor penetrative ability limits their utility as topical treatments for hypertrophic scar. Here, we aim to develop novel statin formulations using liposomes to enhance dermal penetrative ability and to evaluate their efficacy against formation of hypertrophic scar utilizing our validated rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model. Liposomal simvastatin or pravastatin were compounded using a novel, flexible liposomal formulation and applied topically to rabbit ear hypertrophic scars daily from postoperation day (POD) 14 until POD 25. Scar color, including erythema and melanin, was measured using reflectance spectrophotometry on POD 28, and scar tissue was harvested for evaluation of scar elevation index as well as gene and protein expression. Human foreskin fibroblasts were also treated with statin formulations and CCN2 expression was determined by quantitative PCR. Both simvastatin and pravastatin were efficiently encapsulated in liposomes, forming nanometer‐scale particles possessing highly negative charges. Topical treatment with liposomal simvastatin and pravastatin at 6.5% concentration significantly reduced scar elevation index and decreased type I/III collagen content and myofibroblast persistence in the wound. The erythema/vascularity of scars was reduced by liposomal statin treatment, with concomitant decrease of CD31 expression as measured histologically. Expression levels of transcripts encoding CTGF, collagen I, and collagen III collagen in scar tissue were also decreased by liposomal pravastatin treatment, as were myofibroblast persistence and the type I/III collagen ratio as assessed by immunofluorescence and picrosirus red staining, respectively. Treatment of human foreskin fibroblasts with simvastatin or with liposome‐encapsulated pravastatin resulted in decreased expression of transcript encoding CTGF. Overall, our novel statin formulations encapsulated in liposomes were successfully delivered through topical application, significantly reducing hypertrophic scarring in a rabbit ear model.