bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical ultracentrifugation for measuring drug distribution of doxorubicin loaded liposomes in human serum
Authors: Mehn Dora , Capomaccio Robin , Gioria Sabrina , Gilliland Douglas , Calzolai Luigi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe potential of analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) in the analysis of the drug distribution of liposomal doxorubicin formulation (with nominal diameter of 85 nm) in the presence of human serum proteins is demonstrated using the absorbance detection function of the instrument. Based on the AUC measurement (and model fitting for molecular mass calculation), we show that in a single experiment, it is possible to measure the relative amounts of the free drug, of the liposome-encapsulated drug, and of the serum protein-bound drug. In addition, the same data provides both the accurate particle size distribution of the liposomal formulation in human serum and information on the protein that binds doxorubicin in the drug-protein fraction (in this case, human serum albumin). Thus, a single experiment (that requires only minimal sample preparation) provides several critical physical-chemical attributes of liposomal drug formulations. This innovative approach will greatly help in the development of improved methods for the challenging problem of characterizing nanomedicine in relevant biological matrices.
How scientific research reacts to international public health emergencies: a global analysis of response patterns
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhao Wenjing , Sun Beibei , Huang Ying , Glänzel Wolfgang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs of the middle of April 2020, the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has claimed more than 137,000 lives (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). Because of its extremely fast spreading, the attention of the global scientific community is now focusing on slowing down, containing and finally stopping the spread of this disease. This requires the concerted action of researchers and practitioners of many related fields, raising, as always in such situations the question, of what kind of research has to be conducted, what are the priorities, how has research to be coordinated and who needs to be involved. In other words, what are the characteristics of the response of the global research community on the challenge? In the present paper, we attempt to characterise, quantify and measure the response of academia to international public health emergencies in a comparative bibliometric study of multiple outbreaks. In addition, we provide a preliminary review of the global research effort regarding the defeat of the COVID-19 pandemic. From our analysis of six infectious disease outbreaks since 2000, including COVID-19, we find that academia always responded quickly to public health emergencies with a sharp increase in the number of publications immediately following the declaration of an outbreak by the WHO. In general, countries/regions place emphasis on epidemics in their own region, but Europe and North America are also concerned with outbreaks in other, developed and less developed areas through conducting intensive collaborative research with the core countries/regions of the outbreak, such as in the case of Ebola in Africa. Researches in the fields of virology, infectious diseases and immunology are the most active, and we identified two characteristic patterns in global science distinguishing research in Europe and America that is more focused on public health from that conducted in China and Japan with more emphasis on biomedical research and clinical pharmacy, respectively. Universities contribute slightly less than half to the global research output, and the vast majority of research funding originates from the public sector. Our findings on how academia responds to emergencies could be beneficial to decision-makers in research and health policy in creating and adjusting anti-epidemic/-pandemic strategies.
Perithyroidal Salivary Gland Acinic Cell Carcinoma: Morphological and Molecular Attributes of a Unique Lesion
Authors: Juhlin C. Christofer , Asa Sylvia L. , Jatta Kenbugul , Naserhojati Rodsari Homeyra , Shabo Ivan , Haglund Felix , Delahunt Brett , Samaratunga Hemamali , Egevad Lars , Höög Anders , Zedenius Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRarely, salivary gland tumors such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma arise as primary tumors from ectopic or metaplastic salivary gland tissue adjacent to or within the thyroid gland. We report for the first time a case of primary salivary acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC) adjacent to the thyroid gland in a 71-year-old female patient with Crohns disease and a previous history of malignant melanoma. Following the development of a nodule adjacent to the left thyroid lobe, a fine-needle aspiration biopsy was reported as consistent with a follicular lesion of undetermined significance (Bethesda III). A left-sided hemithyroidectomy was performed. A circumscribed lesion measuring 33 mm was noted adjacent to the thyroid and trapping parathyroid, it was composed of solid nests and glands with microcystic and follicular patterns. The tumor was negative for thyroid, parathyroid and paraganglioma markers, but positive for pan-cytokeratins, CK7, CD10, CD117, androgen receptor and HNF-beta. A metastasis of a thyroid-like renal cell carcinoma was suspected but ruled out, and the patient had no evident lesions on extensive radiology of the urogenital, pulmonary and GI tracts. Based on the morphology, a diagnosis of AcCC was suggested, and confirmed with DOG1 and PAS-diastase staining. Molecular analyses pinpointed a constitutional ASXL1 variant of uncertain significance, but no fusion events. The patient had no radiological or clinical evidence of parotid, submandibular or sublingual tumors postoperatively, and the excised lesion was therefore assumed to be a primary tumor. We here detail the morphological and immunophenotypic profile of this previously undescribed perithyroidal tumor.
Telling Stories from the Sea: Facilitating Professional Learning in Maritime Post-Simulation Debriefings
Authors: Sellberg Charlott , Wiig Astrid Camilla 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examines storytelling episodes in 13 video-recorded and fully transcribed post-simulation debriefings from a maritime navigation course. The aim is to scrutinize the facilitators’ practice of telling stories from the sea during debriefings, to explore the organization and inner function of storytelling in debriefing. A combination of dialogical-performative analysis and a structural narrative model was conducted to analyze and contextualize stories from working at sea in the debriefing practice. The analysis shows how storytelling in debriefing frequently occurred, and was mainly occasioned by critical discussions about students’ mistakes during the simulated scenario. In such a critical debriefing practice, the results show how telling stories about lived experiences of professional dilemmas and mistakes serves multiple functions. In line with research results from previous studies on storytelling in higher education, this study demonstrates how storytelling connects the simulated event to the professional responsibilities on board seagoing ships. In addition, storytelling might also serve face-saving purposes in this critical debriefing practice, which raises important questions regarding psychological safety and the debriefing climate.
Geriatric oncology: questions, answers and guidelines
Authors: Unseld Matthias , Marosi Christine 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Background
With the aging of populations, the number of elderly persons with cancer will increase. Due to the high individuality of elderly persons and their varying patterns of resources and disabilities, cancer treatment for elderly cancer patients needs to be individually adapted. To achieve this, geriatric medicine has established the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). This short review presents the evidence of feasibility and impact of CGA on cancer treatment in elderly patients, as recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) in 2018.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature and a Delphi Consensus with a panel of experts cooperated to compile the evidence for choosing the most adequate treatment for elderly cancer patients.

Results
There is evidence that CGA makes it possible to predict the occurrence of complications of chemotherapy and of health deterioration, as well as death within 1 year.

Conclusion
The ASCO has recognized the optimization of cancer therapy for elderly patients as a priority.
Militarization, factionalism and political transitions: an inquiry into the causes of state collapse
Authors: Lambach Daniel , Johais Eva , Bayer Markus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhy do some fragile states collapse while others do not? This article presents results from a comparative analysis of the causes of state collapse. Using a dataset of 15 cases of state collapse between 1960 and 2007, we conduct both synchronic and diachronic comparisons with two different control groups of fragile states using crisp-set QCA. The results support our hypothesis that state collapse has multiple causes. The militarization of political groups, when combined with other conditions, plays a major part in the process. Other causal factors are political transition, extreme poverty, declining government resources or external aid, factionalist politics, repression and pre-colonial polities. This challenges structuralist explanations focusing on regime types and the resource curse, among other things, and opens up avenues for further research.
Genotype by environment interaction for area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC) value in spring barley using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model
Authors: Bocianowski Jan , Tratwal Anna , Nowosad Kamila 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess genotype by environment interaction for area under disease progress curve values in spring barley grown in South-West Poland by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The study comprised of 25 spring barley genotypes (five cultivars: Basza, Blask, Antek, Skarb and Rubinek as well as all possible 10 two-way mixtures and 10 three-way mixtures combinations), evaluated at two locations in 4 years (eight environments) in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) value of the tested genotypes ranged from 75.3 to 614.3, with an average of 175.3. In the AMMI analyses, 13.43% of the AUDPC value variation was explained by environment, 37.85% by differences between genotypes, and 18.20% by genotype by environment interaction. The mixture Basza/Skarb is recommended for further inclusion in the breeding program due to its low average AUDPC value (98.8) and is stable (AMMI stability value = 6.65).
A Bayesian Reconstruction of a Historical Population in Finland, 1647–1850
Authors: Voutilainen Miikka , Helske Jouni , Högmander Harri 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article provides a novel method for estimating historical population development. We review the previous literature on historical population time-series estimates and propose a general outline to address the well-known methodological problems. We use a Bayesian hierarchical time-series model that allows us to integrate the parish-level data set and prior population information in a coherent manner. The procedure provides us with model-based posterior intervals for the final population estimates. We demonstrate its applicability by estimating the long-term development of Finland’s population from 1647 onward and simultaneously place the country among the very few to have an annual population series of such length available.
Seeing thought: a cultural cognitive tool
Authors: Morais José , Kolinsky Régine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present paper, which is the first of two twin opinion papers, offers a theoretical approach of literacy and critical literacy in relation to language, thought, and reasoning. Literacy acquisition and practice proceed through two stages, which partially overlap in terms of processing abilities: the first is achieved when the learner becomes a skilled reader and writer, characterized by automatic word processing; the second, when reading comprehension and written production become expert instruments in the communication of progressively more abstract and sophisticated, but always linguistically-mediated, knowledge and ideas. The destiny of literacy, depending on educational and social factors, is thus to be to fused with language, thought and reasoning. Oral language becomes literate language; and our cognitive activity becomes—as indicated in the title—“seeing thought”, which paves the way, we will argue, for reasoning skills. Making of literacy an epistemic and social tool of our own collective history requires a critical stance that raises itself and ourselves to a stage calledcritical literacy. In this paper we focus on some of the favorable and unfavorable factors influencing this achievement. The main challenge is to bring literate cognition up to the capacity of choosing between accept and verify, between belief and disbelief, by weighting evidence and reasoning, by arguing and debunking errors and falsities. Accordingly, our objective is essentially to narrate how literacy gives birth to critical literacy and explain why, at the end of this process, critical literacy becomes hard to distinguish from thinking and reasoning.
The effect of 12 weeks of euenergetic high-protein diet in regulating appetite and body composition of women with normal-weight obesity: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Haghighat Neda , Ashtary-Larky Damoon , Bagheri Reza , Mahmoodi Marzieh , Rajaei Majdadin , Alipour Meysam , Kooti Wesam , Aghamohammdi Vahideh , Wong Alexei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNormal-weight obesity (NWO) syndrome is associated with metabolic diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of a high-protein (HP) v. a standard protein (SP) diet on appetite, anthropometry and body composition in NWO women. In this clinical trial, fifty NWO women were randomly allocated to HP (n 25) or SP (n 25) diet groups. Women in the HP and SP groups consumed 25 and 15 % of their total energy intake from protein for 12 weeks. Weight, fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), waist circumference (WC) and appetite were evaluated at baseline and following their 3-month intervention. After 12 weeks, the LBM was higher in HP compared with no significant changes in the SP group (mean between-group difference = 1·5 kg; 95 % CI 3·1, 0·01; effect size (d) = 0·4). Furthermore, the HP group had lower FM (mean between-group difference –1·1 kg; 95 % CI 1, –3·3; d = –0·2), body fat percentage (BFP) (mean between-group difference –2 %; 95 % CI 0·7, –5·2; d = –0·3) and WC (mean between-group difference –1·4 cm; 95 % CI 0·6, –3·6; d = –0·2) at the end of the study in comparison with the SP group. In both groups, weight and appetite were unchanged over time without significant differences between groups. Twelve weeks of euenergetic diets with different dietary protein contents resulted in no significant weight loss in women with NWO. However, an HP diet significantly improved body composition (LBM, FM, BFP and WC) in this population.
Cracker shape modifiesad libitumsnack intake of crackers with cheese dip
Authors: van Eck Arianne , van Stratum Anouk , Achlada Dimitra , Goldschmidt Benoît , Scholten Elke , Fogliano Vincenzo , Stieger Markus , Bolhuis Dieuwerke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFood and energy intake can be effectively lowered by changing food properties, but little is known whether modifying food shape is sufficient to influence intake. This study investigated the influence of cracker shape and cheese viscosity onad libitumintake of cracker–cheese combinations. Forty-four participants (thirteen males, 23 (sd3) years, BMI 21 (sd2) kg/m2) participated in four late afternoon snack sessions (2 × 2 randomised crossover design). Iso-energetic crackers were baked into flat squares and finger-shape cylindrical sticks and combined with a cheese dip varying in viscosity. Approximately eighty crackers and 500 g cheese dip were served in separate large bowls. Participants consumed crackers with cheese dipad libitumwhile watching a movie of 30 min. Dipping behaviour and oral processing behaviour were measured simultaneously by hidden balances under the cheese bowls and video recordings. Cracker intake (28 (sem1) crackers) of cracker–cheese combinations was not influenced by cracker shape. Cheese intake of cracker–cheese combinations was 15 % higher for flat-squared than finger-shape crackers (131 kJ,P= 0·016), as a larger amount of cheese was scooped with flat-squared crackers (2·9 (sem0·2)v. 2·3 (sem0·1) g cheese per dip,P< 0·001) and showed higher eating rate and energy intake rate (P< 0·001). Eating rate over snacking time decreased by reducing bite frequency (P< 0·001) while cheese dip size remained fairly constant (P= 0·12). Larger energy intake from condiments was facilitated by increased cracker surface, and this did not trigger earlier satiation. Changing food carrier surface may be a promising approach to moderate energy intake of often high energy dense condiments, sauces and toppings.
Integrated conservation for Parakmeria omeiensis (Magnoliaceae), a Critically Endangered plant species endemic to south-west China
Authors: Yu Daoping , Wen Xiangying , Li Cehong , Xiong Tieyi , Peng Qixin , Li Xiaojie , Xie Kongping , Liu Hong , Ren Hai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParakmeria omeiensis is a Critically Endangered tree species in the family Magnoliaceae, endemic to south-west China. The tree is functionally dioecious, but little is known about the species’ status in the wild. We investigated the range, population size, age structure, habitat characteristics and threats to P. omeiensis. We located a total of 74 individuals in two populations on the steep slopes of Mount Emei, Sichuan province, growing under the canopy of evergreen broadleaved forest in well-drained gravel soil. A male-biased sex ratio, lack of effective pollinating insects, and habitat destruction result in low seed set and poor seedling survival in the wild. We have adopted an integrated conservation approach, including strengthening in situ conservation, cultivation of saplings, ex situ conservation and reintroduction, to protect this species. The successful conservation of P. omeiensis has important implications for the conservation of the genus Parakmeria and the family Magnoliaceae.
Roles of the Pumilio domain protein PUF3 inTrypanosoma bruceigrowth and differentiation
Authors: Marucha K. Kamanyi , Clayton C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTrypanosomes strongly rely on post-transcriptional mechanisms to control gene expression. Several Opisthokont Pumilio domain proteins are known to suppress expression when bound to mRNAs. TheTrypanosoma bruceiPumilio domain protein PUF3 is a cytosolic mRNA-binding protein that suppresses expression when tethered to a reporter mRNA. RNA-binding studies showed that PUF3 preferentially binds to mRNAs with a classical Pumilio-domain recognition motif, UGUA[U/C]AUU. RNA-interference-mediated reduction of PUF3 in bloodstream forms caused a minor growth defect, but the transcriptome was not affected. Depletion ofPUF3also slightly delayed differentiation to the procyclic form. However, bothPUF3genes could be deleted in cultured bloodstream- and procyclic-form trypanosomes. Procyclic forms without PUF3 also grew somewhat slower than wild-type, but ectopic expression of C-terminally tagged PUF3 impaired their viability. PUF3 was not required for RBP10-induced differentiation of procyclic forms to bloodstream forms. Mass spectrometry revealed no PUF3 binding partners that might explain its suppressive activity. We conclude that PUF3 may have a role in fine-tuning gene expression. Since PUF3 is conserved in all Kinetoplastids, including those that do not infect vertebrates, we suggest that it might confer advantages within the invertebrate host.
PANOPLY AND IDENTITY DURING THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
Authors: Taylor Michael J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper examines how the Romans in the early Republic adopted Celtic panoply, in the process abandoning Greek-style hoplite equipment. The first part details the Celtic aspects of the major pieces of Rome's new military equipment: La Tène sword, oval shield (scutum), javelin (pilum), mail armour and Montefortino helmet. The next section seeks possible military and cultural explanations for this transition, suggesting among other factors that the new kit may have been driven by increased recruitment from beyond the narrow hoplite class. The panoply eventually coalesced into a symbol of specifically Roman identity, especially as the Romans deployed distinctively equipped armies into Magna Graecia and the Hellenistic East.
Evaluation of modelling study shows limits of COVID-19 importing risk simulations in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Miyachi T. , Tanimoto T. , Kami M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mathematical modelling studies predicting the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been used worldwide, but precisions are limited. Thus, continuous evaluation of the modelling studies is crucial. We investigated situations of virus importation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to assess effectiveness of a modelling study by Haider N et al. titled ‘Passengers’ destinations from China: low risk of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) transmission into Africa and South America’. We obtained epidemiological data of 2417 COVID-19 cases reported by 40 countries in SSA within 30 days of the first case confirmed in Nigeria on 27 February. Out of 442 cases which had travel history available, only one (0.2%) had a travel history to China. These findings underline the result of the model. However, the fact that there were numbers of imported cases from other regions shows the limits of the model. The limits could be attributed to the characteristics of the COVID-19 which is infectious even when the patients do not express any symptoms. Therefore, there is a profound need for all modelling researchers to take asymptomatic cases into account when they establish modelling studies.
Concurrent verbal working memory load constrains cross-linguistic translation activation: A visual world eye-tracking study on Hindi–English bilinguals
Authors: Prasad Seema , Mishra Ramesh Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDoes a concurrent verbal working memory (WM) load constrain cross-linguistic activation? In a visual world study, participants listened to Hindi (L1) or English (L2) spoken words and viewed a display containing the phonological cohort of the translation equivalent (TE cohort) of the spoken word and 3 distractors. Experiment 1 was administered without a load. Participants then maintained two or four letters (Experiment 2) or two, six or eight letters (Experiment 3) in WM and were tested on backward sequence recognition after the visual world display. Greater looks towards TE cohorts were observed in both the language directions in Experiment 1. With a load, TE cohort activation was inhibited in the L2 – L1 direction and observed only in the early stages after word onset in the L1 – L2 direction suggesting a critical role of language direction. These results indicate that cross-linguistic activation as seen through eye movements depends on cognitive resources such as WM.