bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling population assignment from cancer genomes with SNP2pop
Authors: Huang Qingyao , Baudis Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn many cancers, incidence, treatment efficacy and overall prognosis vary between geographic populations. Studies disentangling the contributing factors may help in both understanding cancer biology and tailoring therapeutic interventions. Ancestry estimation in such studies should preferably be driven by genomic data, due to frequently missing or erroneous self-reported or inferred metadata. While respective algorithms have been demonstrated for baseline genomes, such a strategy has not been shown for cancer genomes carrying a substantial somatic mutation load. We have developed a bioinformatics tool for the assignment of population groups from genome profiling data for both unaltered and cancer genomes. Despite extensive somatic mutations in the cancer genomes, consistency between germline and cancer data reached of 97% and 92% for assignment into 5 and 26 ancestral groups, respectively. Comparison with self-reported meta-data estimated a matching rate between 88–92%, mostly limited by interpretation of self-reported ethnicity labels compared to the standardized mapping output. Our SNP2pop application allows to assess population information from SNP arrays as well as sequencing platforms and to estimate the population structure in cancer genomics projects, to facilitate research into the interplay between ethnicity-related genetic background, environmental factors and somatic mutation patterns in cancer biology.
Qualität in der chirurgischen Therapie chronisch
entzündlicher Erkrankungen der Nasennebenhöhlen
Authors: Hildenbrand Tanja , Ketterer Manuel Christoph 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie endonasale endoskopische Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie hat sich als
Standard der operativen Therapie bei chronisch entzündlichen
Erkrankungen der Nasennebenhöhlen etabliert. Eine Verbesserung der
subjektiven Beschwerden und objektiven Befunde konnte in zahlreichen Studien
nachgewiesen werden. Aufgrund der häufig beobachteten Diskrepanz
zwischen objektiven und subjektiven Ergebnissen nach
Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie kommt der Messung des sog. patient reported
outcome eine zunehmende Bedeutung zu.Qualität und Effizienz in der Medizin haben in den letzten Jahren
zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. In vielen Ländern und auch
länderübergreifend wurden bereits durch Zusammenschluss von
Experten, z.T unter Federführung verschiedener Fachgesellschaften,
Initiativen zur Verbesserung der Qualität in der chirurgischen
Versorgung gegründet.Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine Übersicht qualitätsrelevanter
Faktoren in der chirurgischen Therapie chronisch entzündlicher
Erkrankungen der Nasennebenhöhlen anhand der vorhandenen Literatur, v.a.
der Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität, dar. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt
auf der subjektiven Bewertung der Ergebnisqualität durch den
Patienten.
„Qualität kommt von Qual [1,2]“
Authors: Wilms Carolin 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungBei akuten Beschwerden, medizinischen Fragestellungen oder der Arztsuche informieren sich
Patienten vermehrt selbst und zunehmend im Internet. Diese Vorinformation und das
Patientenrechtegesetz bedingen ein deutlich verändertes Verhältnis zwischen
Patienten und Ärzten. Mit der steigenden Quantität an Informationen für
Patienten stellt sich die Frage nach der Qualität der Informationen und deren
Validierung. Es stehen bereits neutrale und gesicherte Informationen von unabhängigen
Einrichtungen zur Verfügung, deren Bekanntheit – auch in der
Ärzteschaft – aber gering ist und die zudem Defizite in Breite und Tiefe
ausweist. Gleichwohl bleibt der Austausch mit dem Arzt und dessen Einordnung
unerlässlich.
Qualität in der Allergologie
Authors: Wagenmann Martin , Stenin Igor , Scheckenbach Kathrin 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungEine qualitativ hochwertige Behandlung allergischer Patienten sollte für
Hals-Nasen-Ohrenärzte besondere Priorität genießen.
Allergische Erkrankungen spielen im klinischen Alltag der HNO eine große
Rolle und müssen kompetent diagnostiziert und therapiert werden. Zur
Auswahl der hierzu angemessenen Methoden bietet eine Vielzahl von Leitlinien
einen klaren Korridor. Die wichtigsten Sensibilisierungstest wie Hauttests und
die Bestimmung von spezifischem IgE im Serum sind ein zentrales Fundament der
allergologischen Diagnostik. Nasale Provokationstests mit Allergenen als
wichtigste und häufigste Allergenprovokationstests können
besonders von HNO-Ärzten hochqualifiziert durchgeführt werden
und erlauben die Bestimmung der klinischen Relevanz einzelner Allergene.Neben der medikamentösen Therapie und der Allergenkarenz hat die
allergenspezifische Immuntherapie eine zentrale Position in der Behandlung
allergischer Erkrankungen. Auch hier bieten sich durch die korrekte Indikation
und die gezielte Auswahl der Präparate Möglichkeiten zur
Steigerung der Behandlungsqualität.Besonders komplexe oder schwerwiegende allergische Erkrankungen erfordern eine
spezialisierte oder sogar hochspezialisierte Behandlung. Hierzu haben sich in
Deutschland strukturierte Vorgaben zur Etablierung allergologischer
Referenzzentren (Comprehensive Allergy Center) entwickelt. Die Beteiligung der
HNO am weiteren Ausbau solcher Zentren sollte verbessert werden.Eine fundierte allergologische Ausbildung bildet die Basis für die
Kompetenz und Qualität der Behandlung allergischer Patienten. Im
Medizinstudium ist die Allergologie derzeit unterrepräsentiert. In der
Facharztausbildung werden einige grundlegende Aspekte von Allergien
berücksichtigt. Die Weiterbildung zur Zusatzbezeichnung Allergologie
befindet sich aktuell im Wandel, sie soll vereinfacht und droht verflacht zu
werden. Ein spezieller Facharzt für Allergologie existiert in
Deutschland bislang nicht.Besonders in den Bereichen der allergologischen Ausbildung, der allergologischen
Forschung und in der Kooperation von HNO-Ärzten in hochspezialisierten
Allergiezentren ist ein erhebliches Verbesserungspotential für die
HNO-Heilkunde zu erkennen.
Effects of prosody awareness training on the intelligibility of Iranian interpreter trainees in English
Authors: Yenkimaleki Mahmood , van Heuven Vincent J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the effect of prosodic feature awareness training on the intelligibility of speech produced by Iranian interpreter trainees. Two groups of student interpreters were formed. All were native speakers of Farsi who studied English translation and interpreting at the BA level. Participants took a pretest of speaking skills before starting the program so that their speech intelligibility level was rated. The control group listened to authentic audio tracks in English and discussed their contents, watched authentic English movies, discussed issues in the movies in pairs in the classroom. The experimental group spent part of the time on theoretical explanation of, and practical exercises with, English prosody. Students then took a posttest in speaking skills so that the effect of treatment on the intelligibility of their speech could be assessed. The results show that the prosody awareness training significantly improved the students’ speech intelligibility.
Rhotics in Shipibo-Konibo Spanish
Authors: Elias-Ulloa Jose Alberto 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents a phonetic study of the trill /r/ and the tap /ɾ/ in Shipibo-Konibo Spanish, examines their characteristics, and compares them to those found in monolingual Peruvian Amazonian Spanish. The study shows that L2 Shipibo-Konibo Spanish is not a uniform phenomenon, but rather is comprised of different varieties defined by speakers’ levels of proficiency and type of Spanish with which they are in contact. It identifies speakers of Type-I, who do not have a high level of proficiency in Spanish; speakers of Type-II, who show an advanced level as a result of their contact with rural Amazonian Spanish; and speakers of Type-III, who also have a high level of proficiency in Spanish that results from contact with urban monolingual Spanish.
The interaction of social factors in the acoustically gradient realization of intervocalic /d/ in Border Uruguayan Spanish
Authors: Waltermire Mark , Gradoville Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Along the Uruguayan-Brazilian border, Spanish exhibits phonological influence from Portuguese, including the realization of intervocalic /d/ as a stop. Using conversational data from 40 bilinguals, we analyze tokens of intervocalic /d/ acoustically using a consonant-vowel intensity ratio according to multiple social factors and their interactions. The results suggest that, while interactions are present (with stops being favored by Portuguese-preferring professional females), the main effects of social factors predominate. Younger speakers are moving away from the use of stop-like productions and toward the pan-Hispanic norm of variation between approximants and deletion. Portuguese-preferring speakers make greater use of stop-like variants, as do females, which is explained by the linguistic behaviors of the four women who produced /d/ with the highest intensity ratios.
Exploring focus extension in Mapudungun and Chilean Spanish intonational plateaus
Authors: Rogers Brandon M.A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Notions that Mapudungun, a polysynthetic agglutinating isolate spoken in modern-day Chile, has had any linguistic influence on Chilean Spanish outside of lexical loanwords have met stiff resistance (e.g., Alonso, 1953); however, recent studies (e.g., Sadowsky, 2013) suggest that Mapudungun’s influence on Chilean Spanish may be more profound than previously asserted. The current study examines a unique intonational “plateau” pattern documented in Rogers (2013). Similar patterns occur in Mapudungun and the data demonstrate that Mapudungun intonational plateaus and Chilean Spanish intonational plateaus behave very similarly at different prosodic, syntactic, and pragmatic levels. This study proposes that the plateau patterns in both languages are a mechanism of focus extension, and that Mapudungun introduced this unique pragmatic device into Chilean Spanish intonational phonology.
The Spanish sound system and intonation in contact with Galician
Authors: Regueira Xosé Luís , Fernández Rei Elisa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This exploratory study presents an approach to the phonetic models of Galician Spanish (GS) by means of a small sample of six female speakers with different linguistic profiles. We analyze the production of stressed vowels, final unstressed vowels, and some intonation contours. Unlike earlier descriptions, we do not find direct transfer from Galician to the GS phonetic system. Our results show: (1) The disappearance of the Galician seven vowel system and some examples of hybridization in wh-question intonation, both of which could be seen as signs of change in GS; and (2) The reduction of the final vowels and direct transfer from Galician to GS in yes-no questions, both of which could suggest preservation of the covert prestige of Galician.
Semantics in generative grammar
Authors: Cipriani Enrico 
Published: March 2020

AbstractI provide a critical survey of the role that semantics took in the several models of generative grammar, since the 1950s until the Minimalist Program. I distinguish four different periods. In the first section, I focus on the role of formal semantics in generative grammar until the 1970s. In Section 2 I present the period of linguistic wars, when the role of semantics in linguistic theory became a crucial topic of debate. In Section 3 I focus on the formulation of conditions on transformations and Binding Theory in the 1970s and 1980s, while in the last Section I discuss the role of semantics in the minimalist approach. In this section, I also propose a semantically-based model of generative grammar, which fully endorses minimalism and Chomsky’s later position concerning the primary role of the semantic interface in the Universal Grammar modelization (Strong Minimalist Thesis). In the Discussion, I point out some theoretical problems deriving from Chomsky’s internalist interpretation of model-theoretic semantics.
La saillance en français et en chinois
Authors: Hou Jiaqi , Landragin Frédéric 
Published: March 2020

RésuméNous proposons dans cet article une analyse multifactorielle et contrastive de la notion de saillance, telle qu’elle s’applique aux entités du discours et détermine l’interprétation référentielle d’une anaphore. En observant les phénomènes de saillance en français et en chinois, notre but est de montrer que la saillance est influencée par une multitude de facteurs, de manière plus ou moins comparable dans les deux langues. Nous classons ces facteurs selon leur nature syntaxique, sémantique, textuelle ou pragmatique. Notre approche contrastive permet d’illustrer que, si plusieurs divergences – qui sont souvent corrélées avec les différences typologiques des deux langues – s’observent au niveau syntaxique, de nombreux facteurs de saillance dérivent plutôt de principes cognitifs généraux.
When the audience changes
Authors: Zlatnar Moe Marija , Žigon Tanja 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMuch is expected to change when a work of fiction is translated from one language and culture to another, but the intended reader is not. This paper deals with the issue of the change of the intended reader from adult to child/adolescent in translations of fiction from English into Slovene. The intended reader is most likely to change in translations of comics/cartoons, fantasy, and realistic fiction with child or animal protagonists. The reasons for the change can be both textual and extra-textual: on the one hand, books are categorized as children’s books by libraries, award boards and marketers, as well as by the publisher’s choice of translator, while, on the other hand, individual translation decisions on the microlevel can help move a book from one category to another.
Napping in high‐performance athletes: Sleepiness or sleepability?
Authors: Gupta Luke , Morgan Kevin , North Courtney , Gilchrist Sarah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDaytime napping is a common practice in high‐performance athletes, and is widely assumed to reflect sleepiness arising from sports‐related sleep debt. The possibility that athlete naps may also be indicative of ‘sleepability’, a capacity to nap on demand that is only weakly related to homeostatic sleep pressure, has not previously been tested. The present study compared daytime sleep latencies in high‐performance athletes and non‐athlete controls using a single nap opportunity model. Elite (n = 10), and sub‐elite (n = 10) athletes, and non‐athlete controls (n = 10) attended the laboratory for a first adaption trial, and a subsequent experimental trial. Subjective sleepiness was assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) at 14:00, 14:30 and immediately prior to a 20‐minute nap opportunity at 15:00. Sleep latencies were measured using polysomnography, and defined as the time from lights out to the first epoch of any stage of sleep (N1, N2, N3, REM). In unadjusted comparisons with non‐athlete controls, elite athletes showed significantly shorter sleep latencies in both the adaptation (p < 0.05) and experimental trials (p < 0.05). These significant differences were maintained in models controlling for pre‐trial KSS scores and pre‐trial total sleep time (all p < 0.05). Sleep latency scores for sub‐elite athletes showed similar trends, but were more labile. These results are consistent with a conclusion that, among elite athletes, napping behaviour can reflect sleepability and may not necessarily result from nocturnal sleep disruption and daytime sleepiness.
Distinguishing between chemical bonding and physical binding using electron localization function (ELF)
Authors: Koumpouras Konstantinos , Larsson J Andreas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To distinguish between chemical bonding and physical binding is usually simple. They differ, in the normal case, in both interaction strength (binding energy) and interaction length (structure). However, chemical bonding can be weak (e.g. in some metallic bonding) and physical binding can be strong (e.g. due to permanent electrostatic moments, hydrogen binding, etc) making differentiation non-trivial. But since these are shared-electron or unshared-electron interactions, respectively, it is in principle possible to distinguish the type of interaction by analyzing the electron density around the interaction point(s)/interface. After all, the former should be a contact while the latter should be a tunneling barrier. Here, we investigate within the framework of density functional theory typical molecules and crystals to show the behaviour of the electron localization function (ELF) in different shared-electron interactions, such as chemical (covalent) and metallic bonding and compare to unshared-electron interactions typical for physical binding, such as ionic, hydrogen and Keesom, dispersion (van der Waals) binding and attempt to categorise them only by the ELF and the electron population in the interaction region. It is found that the ELF method is not only useful for the characterization of covalent bonds but a lot of information can be extracted also for weaker types of binding. Furthermore, the charge integration over the interaction region(s) and tracing the ELF profile can reveal the strength of the bonding/binding ranging from the triple bonds to weak dispersion.
Concept design of a high power superconducting generator for future hybrid-electric aircraft
Authors: Filipenko Mykhaylo , Kühn Lars , Gleixner Thomas , Thummet Martin , Lessmann Marc , Möller Dirk , Böhm Matthias , Schröter Andreas , Häse Kerstin , Grundmann Jörn , Wilke Markus , Frank Michael , Hasselt Peter van , Richter Johannes , Herranz-Garcia Mercedes , Weidermann Christian , Spangolo Arestid , Klöpzig Markus , Gröppel Peter , Moldenhauer Stefan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The reduction of emission is a key goals for the aviation industry. One enabling technology to achieve this goal, could be the transition from conventional gas turbines to hybrid-electric drive trains. However, the requirements concerning weight and efficiency that come from applications like short range aircraft are significantly higher than what state-of-the-art technology can offer. A key technology that potentially allows to achieve the necessary power and volume densities for rotating electric machines is superconductivity. In this paper we present the concept of a high power density generator that matches the speed of typical airborne turbines in its power class. The design is based on studies that cover topology selection and further electromagnetic, HTS, thermal, structural and cryogenics aspects. All domains were analyzed by means of analytical sizing and 2D/3D FEA modeling. With the help of our digital twin that is a synthesis of these models, we can demonstrate for the first time that under realistic assumptions on material properties gravimetric power densities beyond 20 kW kg−1 can be achieved.
Phononic loss in superconducting resonators on piezoelectric substrates
Authors: Scigliuzzo Marco , Bruhat Laure E , Bengtsson Andreas , Burnett Jonathan J , Roudsari Anita Fadavi , Delsing Per 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We numerically and experimentally investigate the phononic loss for superconducting resonators fabricated on a piezoelectric substrate. With the help of finite element method simulations, we calculate the energy loss due to electromechanical conversion into bulk and surface acoustic waves. This sets an upper limit for the resonator internal quality factor Q
i. To validate the simulation, we fabricate quarter wavelength coplanar waveguide resonators on GaAs and measure Q
i as function of frequency, power and temperature. We observe a linear increase of Q
i with frequency, as predicted by the simulations for a constant electromechanical coupling. Additionally, Q
i shows a weak power dependence and a negligible temperature dependence around 10 mK, excluding two level systems and non-equilibrium quasiparticles as the main source of losses at that temperature.
Research on the preparation and properties of foamed PP/wood flour composites
Authors: Wang Suwei , Chen Ke , Xue Ping , Jia Mingyin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the toughness of the wood-polymer composites, the microcellular structure was introduced to the polypropylene (PP) based wood-polymer composites by the technology of continuous extrusion in this article. In order to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of the samples further, the content of both wood flour (WF) and the chemical blowing agent were investigated. Besides, the compound foaming agents were also applied in the process of extrusion. According to the experimental results, the addition of WF contributed to increase both the softening temperatures and the apparent densities of the samples, and the best mechanical properties and microcellular structure were obtained when the mass ratio of WF to PP increased to 3/7. In addition, compared with the granular blowing agent, the powdered foaming agent showed a great advantage in dispersion, which helped to improve the bubble morphology and the mechanical strengths of the samples. Furthermore, the minimum bubble size and the maximum bubble density were both achieved at the powder content of 1 phr.
Coexisting structural phases in the catalytically driven growth of rock salt GdN
Authors: Shaib Ali , Natali Franck , Chan Jay R , Ullstad Felicia , Holmes-Hewett William F , Miller Jackson D , Ruck Ben J , Trodahl Harry J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present a study of polycrystalline thin films of the rock salt rare earth nitride GdN grown on amorphous fused silica at ambient temperature with varying N2 pressure. X-ray diffraction measurements show a strong (111) preferential orientation for all N2 pressure and the signature of a secondary phase of GdN that develops as the N2 pressure decreases. The secondary phase is found to have a smaller lattice parameter than the near-stoichiometric GdN. Raman spectroscopy, electrical and magnetic results support the coexistence of such mixed-phase samples with the lattice distortion originating from nitrogen vacancies. Significantly the magnetic data show an increase of the ferromagnetic onset temperature as the secondary phase develops, without affecting the soft ferromagnetic character of GdN.
How I Diagnose Low-Grade Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: Siddon Alexa J , Hasserjian Robert P 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of myeloid neoplasms that are often difficult to diagnose due to their pathologic and clinical heterogeneity. The key features of MDS are peripheral blood cytopenias, ineffective hematopoiesis manifesting as morphologic dysplasia, and clonal genetic abnormalities. The most difficult diagnostic dilemmas often arise in low-grade MDS cases (lacking excess blasts), which can be difficult to distinguish from other causes of cytopenia. This distinction requires the integration of information from the peripheral blood (both CBC parameters and morphology), bone marrow morphology, genetic studies, and interrogation of the clinical record to exclude secondary causes.MethodsWe discuss the approach to the diagnosis of low-grade MDS (cases lacking increased blasts), including a diagnostic algorithm and two illustrative cases.ResultsThe appropriate use of ancillary studies is important to support or dispute the likelihood of low-grade MDS in conjunction with the findings of morphologic dysplasia. Interpreting the results of cytogenetics and next-generation sequencing can be challenging and must incorporate the emerging knowledge of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential.ConclusionsThe role of pathologists in integrating data from multiple sources in the diagnosis of low-grade MDS is evolving and becoming increasingly complex; in this challenging diagnostic setting, it is important to feel comfortable with uncertainty and maintain a conservative approach.