bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water shortage risks for China’s coal power plants under climate change
Authors: Liao X W , Hall J W , Hanasaki N , Lim W H , Paltan H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
China is the largest electricity producer in the world and more than 70% of its electricity is from coal-fired power plants where water is an indispensable input, primarily for cooling purposes. Water shortages could hamper coal-fired power plants productions and result in economic losses. In this study, we simulate monthly river flows in China on a 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution using a calibrated physically based hydrological model, H08, that incorporates human interventions during the current (1981–2014) and future period 2050s (2035–2065) under two carbon emission scenarios Representative Concentration Pathway 2.6 and 8.5. Water demands by individual power plants are calculated based on plant-level data. We define power plants as facing low-flow water risks when the monthly 10 year return low flow is projected to be below the plant’s water withdrawal requirement. We find that around 10% of China’s coal-fired power capacities face low-flow water risks from July to October (the monsoon peak in the eastern Asia), and 20% the rest of the year. Particularly in the North Grid, around 35% to 60% of its regional coal-fired power capacity is at such risks from December to June. Under climate change, low-flow amounts are expected to increase in the current dry northern China except decreasing in the northwest, which is expected to alleviate the low flow water risks facing coal power plants in China except in the Northwest Inland River Basin. In the East and South Grids, if their growing electricity demands continue depending on coal, increasing utilization rate of coal power facilities can lead to heightened demand-driven water risks.
Measurement and analysis of atmospheric optical turbulence in a near-maritime environment
Authors: Jellen Christopher , Nelson Charles , Brownell Cody , Burkhardt John , Oakley Miles 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The index of refraction structure constant,

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characterizing the intensity of optical turbulence, describes the disruption of a propagating electromagnetic beam passing through an inhomogeneously heated turbulent environment. In order to improve predictive models, it is critical to develop a deeper understanding of the relationships between environmental parameters and optical turbulence. To that end, an overwater, 890 m scintillometer link was established along the Chesapeake Bay adjacent to the Severn River in Annapolis, Maryland. Specifically,

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data from the scintillometer, as well, as numerous meteorological parameters were collected over the period of approximately 15 months to characterize a scintillometer link in the near-maritime environment. The characteristics of this near-maritime link were distinct from those observed in prior over-land and open ocean links. Further, existing macro-meteorological models for predicting

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from environmental parameters developed for open-ocean links were shown to perform poorly in the near-maritime environment. While the offshore adapted macro-meteorological model demonstrated lower prediction error, this study suggests that new models could be developed to reduce

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prediction error in the near-maritime environment. The complete data set, including

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measurements, and to our knowledge, one of the first to extend beyond one year, is available.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Transmission Dynamics Should Inform Policy
Authors: Cevik Muge , Marcus Julia L , Buckee Caroline , Smith Tara C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It is generally agreed that striking a balance between resuming economic and social activities and keeping the effective reproductive number (R0) below 1 using nonpharmaceutical interventions is an important goal until and even after effective vaccines become available. Therefore, the need remains to understand how the virus is transmitted in order to identify high-risk environments and activities that disproportionately contribute to its spread so that effective preventative measures could be put in place. Contact tracing and household studies, in particular, provide robust evidence about the parameters of transmission. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the available evidence from large-scale, well-conducted contact-tracing studies from across the world and argue that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission dynamics should inform policy decisions about mitigation strategies for targeted interventions according to the needs of the society by directing attention to the settings, activities, and socioeconomic factors associated with the highest risks of transmission.
Mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to candidacy in adults with transposition of the great arteries and a systemic right ventricle
Authors: Gyoten Takayuki , Rojas Sebastian V , Fox Henrik , Schramm René , Hakim-Meibodi Kavous , Ruiz-Cano Maria , Gummert Jan F , Morshuis Michiel , Sandica Eugen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Clinical experience with continuous flow ventricular assist devices (VADs) in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) including dextro-TGA and congenitally corrected TGA is rare, and indications as well as potential benefits or specific hurdles remain unclear. Therefore, our goal was to report on our experience regarding VAD therapy in adult patients with TGA as a bridge to candidacy.

METHODS
We performed a single-centre retrospective study of all adult patients with TGA with systemic right ventricular failure who had continuous flow VAD implants between 2010 and 2018. Study end points were all causes of death, major cardiac and cerebrovascular adverse events or pump thrombosis. Follow-up continued until the time of the heart transplant.

RESULTS
A total of 6 patients (4 men) had a continuous flow VAD implanted in the context of a failing systemic right ventricle (dextro-TGA after the Mustard procedure: n = 3; congenitally corrected TGA: n = 3). Demographics: mean age 32 ± 5.7 years; median Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support: level II (range 1–4), mean pulmonary artery 48 ± 13 mmHg, mean pulmonary vascular resistance 5.6 ± 3.5 Wood units. Postoperative data: intensive care unit stay: 16 ± 9.7 days; in-hospital survival: 100%; no early VAD-related complications occurred. Mean follow-up: 33 ± 18 months; persistent left-side paresis: n = 1; minor (non-disabling) stroke: n = 2. Post-VAD pulmonary artery: 19 ± 3.4 mmHg; P &lt; 0.005; post-VAD pulmonary resistance: 2.2 ± 0.55 Wood units; P = 0.066. Four patients had heart transplants after a mean waiting time of 30 months after the VAD was implanted; 2 patients are still on the waiting list (waiting time: 52 and 24 months).

CONCLUSIONS
Continuous flow VAD therapy is a feasible therapeutic option in adult patients with TGA and a failing systemic right ventricle as a bridge to candidacy and a bridge to a heart transplant.
Utilization and perception of same-day discharge in electrophysiological procedures and device implantations: an EHRA survey
Authors: König Sebastian , Svetlosak Martin , Grabowski Marcin , Duncker David , Nagy Vivien K , Bogdan Stefan , Vanduynhoven Philippe , Sohaib Syed Mohammad Afzal , Malaczynska-Raipold Katarzyna , Lane Deirdre A , Lenarczyk Radoslaw , Bollmann Andreas , Hindricks Gerhard , Potpara Tatjana S , Kosiuk Jedrzej 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The aim of this European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) survey was to assess the utilization of same-day discharge (SDD) in electrophysiology (EP). An online-based questionnaire was shared with the EHRA community between 12 and 30 June 2020 and recorded institutional information, complication assessment, recent experiences, and opinions regarding possible advantages or concerns with SDD. In total, 218 responses from 49 countries provided information on current SDD management. Overall, SDD was implemented in 77.5%, whereas this proportion was significantly higher in tertiary and high-volume centres (83.8% and 85.3%, both P &lt; 0.01). The concept of SDD was most commonly used following implantations of cardiac event recorders (97%), diagnostic EP procedures (72.2%), and implantations of pacemakers with one or two intracardiac leads (50%), while the lowest SDD utilization was observed after catheter ablations of left atrial or ventricular arrhythmias. Within SDD-experienced centres, ∼90% respondents stated that this discharge concept is recommendable or highly recommendable and reported that rates of increased rehospitalization and complication rates were low. Most respondents assumed a better utilization of hospital resources (78.2%), better cost effectiveness (77.3%), and an improved patients’ comfort but were concerned about possible impairment of detection (72.5%) and management (78.7%) of late complications. In conclusion, &gt;75% of respondents already implement SDD following EP interventions with a large heterogeneity with regard to specific procedures. Further research is needed to confirm or disprove existing and expected benefits and obstacles.
Impact of contact force sensing technology on outcome of catheter ablation of idiopathic pre-mature ventricular contractions originating from the outflow tracts
Authors: Reichlin Tobias , Baldinger Samuel H , Pruvot Etienne , Bisch Laurence , Ammann Peter , Altmann David , Berte Benjamin , Kobza Richard , Haegeli Laurent , Schlatzer Christian , Mueller Andreas , Namdar Mehdi , Shah Dipen , Burri Haran , Conte Giulio , Auricchio Angelo , Knecht Sven , Osswald Stefan , Asatryan Babken , Seiler Jens , Roten Laurent , Kühne Michael , Sticherling Christian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
Catheter ablation of frequent idiopathic pre-mature ventricular contractions (PVC) is increasingly performed. While potential benefits of contact force (CF)-sensing technology for atrial fibrillation ablation have been assessed in several studies, the impact of CF-sensing on ventricular arrhythmia ablation remains unknown. This study aimed to compare outcomes of idiopathic outflow tract PVC ablation when using standard ablation catheters as opposed to CF-sensing catheters.

Methods and results
In a retrospective multi-centre study, unselected patients undergoing catheter ablation of idiopathic outflow tract PVCs between 2013 and 2016 were enrolled. All procedures were performed using irrigated-tip ablation catheters and a 3D electro-anatomical mapping system. Sustained ablation success was defined as a  ≥80% reduction of pre-procedural PVC burden determined by 24 h Holter ECG during follow-up. Overall, 218 patients were enrolled (median age 52 years, 51% males). Baseline and procedural data were similar in the standard ablation (24%) and the CF-sensing group (76%). Overall, the median PVC burden decreased from 21% (IQR 10–30%) before ablation to 0.2% (IQR 0–3.0%) after a median follow-up of 2.3 months (IQR 1.4–3.9 months). The rates of both acute (91% vs. 91%, P = 0.94) and sustained success (79% vs. 74%, P = 0.44) were similar in the standard ablation and the CF-sensing groups. No differences were observed in subgroups according to arrhythmia origin from the RVOT (65%) or LVOT (35%). Complications were rare (1.8%) and evenly distributed between the two groups.

Conclusion
The use of CF-sensing technology is not associated with increased success rate nor decreased complication rate in idiopathic outflow tract PVC ablation.
Fault’s hydraulic diffusivity enhancement during injection induced fault reactivation: application of pore pressure diffusion inversions to laboratory injection experiments
Authors: Almakari M , Chauris H , Passelègue F , Dublanchet P , Gesret A 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYIn situ observations of fluid induced fault slip reactivation, as well as the analysis of induced seismicity have demonstrated the complexity of fluid–fault interactions under geological conditions. If fluid flow commonly reactivates faults in the form of aseismic slip or earthquakes, the resulting shear deformation causes strong modifications of the hydraulic properties. In this context, the relationship between slip front and fluid front on deep faults remains not fully understood. In this study, we investigate shear induced fluid flow and hydraulic diffusivity enhancement during fracture shearing in the laboratory. We use a series of injection reactivation tests, conducted under triaxial conditions, at different confining pressures (30, 60 and 95 MPa). The evolution of the fluid pressure along the saw-cut Andesite rock sample was monitored by two pressure sensors, at two opposite locations of the experimental fault. We estimate the history of the effective hydraulic diffusivity (and its associated uncertainties) governing the experimental fault, using the pressure history at two points on the fault. For this, we develop a deterministic and a probabilistic inversion procedure, which is able to reproduce the experimental data for a wide time range of the different experiments. In this study, the hydraulic diffusivity increases by one order of magnitude through the injection experiment. Hydraulic diffusivity changes are mainly governed by the reduction of the effective normal stress acting on the fault plane, with a second-order effect of the shear slip.
Local and regional P-wave spectral attenuation model for Iran
Authors: Moradian Bajestani Ehsan , Ansari Anooshiravan , Karkooti Ehsan 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYA robust frequency-dependent local and regional P-wave attenuation model is estimated for continental paths in the Iranian Plateau. In order to calculate the average attenuation parameters, 46 337 vertical-component waveforms related to 9267 earthquakes, which are recorded at the Iranian Seismological Center (IRSC) stations, have been selected in the distance range 10–1000 km. The majority of the event's magnitudes are less than 4.5. This collection of records provides high spatial ray path coverage. Results indicate that the shape of attenuation P-wave curve versus distance is not uniform and has three distinct sections with hinges at 90 and 175 km. A trilinear model for attenuation of P-wave amplitude in the frequency range 1–10 Hz is proposed in this study. Fourier spectral amplitudes are found to decay as R−1.2 (where R is hypocentral distance), corresponding to geometric spreading within 90 km from the source. There is a section from 90 to 175 km, where the attenuation is described as R0.8, and the attenuation is described well beyond 175 km by R−1.3. Moreover, the average quality factor for Pg and Pn waves (QPg and QPn), related to anelastic attenuation is obtained as Qpg= (54.2 ± 2.6)f(1.0096±0.07) and Qpn= (306.8 ± 7.4)f (0.51±0.05). There is a good agreement between the results of the model and observations. Also, the attenuation model shows compatibility with the recent regional studies. From the results it turns out that the amplitude of P waves attenuates more rapidly in comparison with the global models in local distances.
Subcell-resolution finite-difference modelling of seismic waves in Biot and JKD poroelastic media
Authors: Gregor David , Moczo Peter , Kristek Jozef , Mesgouez Arnaud , Lefeuve-Mesgouez Gaëlle , Kristekova Miriam 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY
We present a discrete representation of strongly heterogeneous poroelastic medium with the JKD-model of the frequency-dependent permeability and resistive friction, and the corresponding finite-difference (FD) scheme for numerical modelling of seismic wave propagation and earthquake ground motion in structurally complex media. The scheme is capable of subcell resolution, that is, allows for an arbitrary shape and position of an interface in the spatial grid. The medium can have either a zero resistive friction or non-zero constant resistive friction or JKD frequency-dependent resistive friction. The scheme has the same computational efficiency as the scheme for a smoothly and weakly heterogeneous medium (medium without material interfaces) because the number of operations for updating wavefield is the same. Several comparisons with a semi-analytical approach proves the efficiency and reliability of the subcell-resolution FD scheme. An illustrative example demonstrates differences between earthquake ground motion in the Biot's and JKD variants of the model of the surface sedimentary basin. The example indicates that it is desirable to perform an extensive parametric study in order to find out when it is necessary to apply relatively complicated and computationally more demanding JKD model and when much simpler Biot's model is sufficient.
Jazz Fiction and the Holocaust: Reading History for Clues in the Novels of John A. Williams and Esi Edugyan
Authors: Casteel Sarah Phillips 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article draws attention to a body of fiction that expands our understanding of the Holocaust by imaginatively reconstructing the neglected experiences of Black victims of Nazi persecution. Two key examples are John A. Williams’ Clifford’s Blues (1999) and Esi Edugyan’s Half-Blood Blues (2011), both of which recall the Black jazz musicians in wartime Europe caught up in the Nazis’ genocidal campaign. Seeking to integrate their stories into the collective memory of World War II, Williams and Edugyan combine Holocaust fiction’s documentary effect with characteristic thematic and formal strategies of jazz fiction. Williams adopts the solitary voice of the troubled bluesman, while Edugyan embraces jazz’s polyvocality. Notwithstanding the risks of Holocaust analogies that Clifford’s Blues in particular exposes, both novels illustrate the capacity of jazz fiction to produce revisionary historical narratives and intervene in memory culture.
Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in Fish Oil and Fish Oil Capsules by LC-ICP-MS
Authors: Matsumoto Eri , Sugimoto Toshiaki , Kawaguchi Toshiyuki , Sakakibara Naoki , Yamashita Michiaki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
As inorganic arsenic is a highly toxic compound, its concentration in foods should be determined.

Objective
Develop an analytical method for determining inorganic arsenic in fish oil and fish oil capsules.

Method
Inorganic arsenic was extracted from fish oil by heating at 80°C in 1.6% tetramethylammonium hydroxide-ethanol. The concentration of inorganic arsenic in fish oil was determined by liquid chromatography (LC) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) MS using an octadecylsilane (ODS) column with a mobile phase containing an ion-pair reagent.

Results
The LOD (0.005, 0.004 mg/kg), LOQ (0.016, 0.011 mg/kg), repeatability (4.2, 3.5%), intermediate precision (5.4, 3.5%), and trueness (recoveries 94–109% based on spiked samples) of the proposed method were satisfactory for inorganic arsenic in fish oil and fish oil capsules. A low level of inorganic arsenic was detected only in anchovy oil among all fish oil samples that were used in this study. Inorganic arsenic levels were below the quantitation limit in all fish oil capsules.

Conclusions
Inorganic arsenic was determined after extraction from fish oil by heating at 80°C in 1.6% tetramethylammonium hydroxide–ethanol. The level of inorganic arsenic in all fish oil samples examined in this study was lower than 0.1 mg/kg of the maximum level defined in the Codex.

Highlights
Arsenic speciation in fish oil and fish oil capsules was analyzed by LC-ICP-MS using an ODS column with a mobile phase containing an ion-pair reagent. A low level of inorganic arsenic was detected only in anchovy oil. No inorganic arsenic was detected in fish oil capsules.
Dietary osteopontin-enriched algal protein as nutritional support in weaned pigs infected with F18-fimbriated enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli
Authors: Smith Brooke N , Hannas Melissa , Orso Catiane , Martins Simone M M K , Wang Mei , Donovan Sharon M , Dilger Ryan N 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of dietary osteopontin (OPN)-enriched algal protein on growth, immune status, and fecal fermentation profiles of weaned pigs challenged with a live infection of F18-fimbriated enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). At 21 d of age, 54 pigs (5.95 ± 0.28 kg BW; blocked by BW) were allotted to 1 of 3 experimental groups combining dietary and health statuses. A control diet, containing 1% wild-type algal protein, was fed to both sham-inoculated (NC) and ETEC-inoculated (PC) pigs, while the test diet contained 1% OPN-enriched algal protein as fed only to ETEC-inoculated pigs (OA). All pigs received their assigned dietary treatment starting at study initiation to permit a 10-d acclimation period prior to inoculation. Growth performance, fecal dry matter, as well as hematological, histopathological, immune, and microbiota outcomes were analyzed by ANOVA, where treatment and time were considered as fixed effects and pig as a random effect; significance was accepted at P &lt; 0.05. Overall, ETEC-inoculated pigs (PC and OA) exhibited decreased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and G:F, as well as increased (P &lt; 0.05) peripheral blood helper T-cells and total leukocyte counts, compared with NC pigs during the postinoculation period. The OA treatment also elicited the highest (P &lt; 0.05) concentrations of circulating tumor necrosis factor-α and volatile fatty acid concentrations in luminal contents at various postinoculation time-points, compared with other treatments. A principal coordinate analysis based on Unifrac weighted distances indicated that NC and OA groups had similar overall bacterial community structures, while PC pigs exhibited greater diversity, but infection status had no impact on α-diversity. Osteopontin-specific effects on microbial community structure included enrichment within Streptococcus and Blautia genera and decreased abundance of 12 other genera as compared with PC pigs. Overall, ETEC-infected pigs receiving 1% OPN-enriched algal protein exhibited changes immunity, inflammatory status, and colonic microbial community structure that may benefit weanling pigs experiencing F18 ETEC infection.