bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sirtuins in female meiosis and in reproductive longevity
Authors: Vazquez Berta N. , Vaquero Alejandro , Schindler Karen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTransmission of genetic material through high‐quality gametes to progeny requires accurate homologous chromosome recombination and segregation during meiosis. A failure to accomplish these processes can have major consequences in reproductive health, including infertility, and development disorders in offspring. Sirtuins, a family of NAD+‐dependent protein deacetylases and ADP‐ribosyltransferases, play key roles in genome maintenance, metabolism, and aging. In recent years, Sirtuins have emerged as regulators of several reproductive processes and interventions aiming to target Sirtuin activity are of great interest in the reproductive biology field. Sirtuins are pivotal to protect germ cells against oxidative stress, a major determinant influencing ovarian aging and the quality of gametes. Sirtuins also safeguard the integrity of the genome through epigenetic programs required for regulating gene repression, DNA repair, and chromosome segregation, among others. Although these functions are relatively well characterized in many somatic tissues, how they contribute to reproductive functions is not well understood. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of Sirtuins in female reproductive systems and discusses the underlying molecular pathways. In addition, we highlight the importance of Sirtuins as antiaging factors in the ovary and summarize current preclinical efforts to identify treatments to extend female reproductive longevity.
Dark Energy and the Time Dependence of Fundamental Particle Constants
Authors: Lampe Bodo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe cosmic time dependencies of G, α, ℏ and of Standard Model parameters like the Higgs vev and elementary particle masses are studied in the framework of a new dark energy interpretation. Due to the associated time variation of rulers, many effects turn out to be invisible. However, a rather large time dependence is claimed to arise in association with dark energy measurements, and smaller ones in connection with the Standard Model.
Robotic elective colectomy for diverticular disease: short‐term outcomes of 80 patients
Authors: Formisano Giampaolo , Giuliani Giuseppe , Salaj Adelona , Salvischiani Lucia , Ferraro Luca , Luca Martina De , Bianchi Paolo Pietro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of the robotic approach on the minimally invasive elective treatment of diverticular disease.MethodsData from patients who underwent elective robotic colectomy for diverticular disease from January 2015 to February 2020 were prospectively collected and retrospectively analysed. Intraoperative and 30‐day postoperative outcomes were the variables assessed.ResultsA total of 80 patients (71% with prior complicated diverticulitis) met the inclusion criteria. Mean operative time was 241 min, one intraoperative complication (1.2%) was observed, the conversion rate was 2.5%. Mean hospital stay was 6.4 days and overall 30‐day complication rate was 22.5%. Fourteen patients (17.5%) had minor complications, while major postoperative complications occurred in four patients (5%). Anastomotic leak rate was 3.9% and the 30‐day readmission rate was 3.7%.ConclusionsRobotic colectomy for diverticular disease has proven to be feasible and safe, with low intraoperative complications, conversion, and anastomotic leak rates.
Posttraumatic growth and burnout in pediatric nurses: The mediating role of secondary traumatization and the moderating role of meaning in work
Authors: Hamama‐Raz Yaira , Hamama Liat , Pat‐Horenczyk Ruth , Stokar Yaffa Naomi , Zilberstein Tal , Bron‐Harlev Efrat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe current study focused on pediatric nurses. It explored the direct link between posttraumatic growth as a coping resource and burnout and the indirect link between posttraumatic growth and burnout via secondary traumatic stress (mediating effect). Moreover, meaning in work was examined as a moderator variable in relation to the direct link and the indirect link. One hundred and thirty‐eight nurses working at a pediatric medical center filled out self‐report questionnaires regarding personal and professional data, burnout, posttraumatic growth, secondary traumatic stress, and meaning in work. Posttraumatic growth was found to be a coping resource that linked to pediatric nurses' burnout directly and indirectly. Directly, there was an inverse correlation between the two; indirectly, posttraumatic growth linked negatively to secondary traumatic stress, and secondary traumatic stress linked positively to burnout. Moreover, meaning in work played a dual moderating role. First, it moderated the relationship between posttraumatic growth and secondary traumatization. Second, it moderated the direct relationship between posttraumatic growth and burnout, namely, the negative link between posttraumatic growth and burnout became stronger as meaning in work increased. As such, we recommend enhancing personal and professional posttraumatic growth, as well as designing interventions that promote meaningful work among pediatric nurses.
Using big data analytics to synthesize research domains and identify emerging fields in urban climatology
Authors: Huo Fei , Xu Li , Li Yanping , Famiglietti James S. , Li Zhenhua , Kajikawa Yuya , Chen Fei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe growing concerns over urbanization and climate change have resulted in an exponential growth in publications on urban climatology in recent decades. However, an advanced synthesis that characterizes the existing studies is lacking. In this review, we used citation network analysis and a text mining approach to identify research trends and extract common research topics and the emerging domains in urban climatology. Based on the clustered networks, we found that aerosols and ozone, and urban heat island are the most popular topics. Together with other clusters, four emerging topical fields were identified: secondary organic aerosols, urban precipitation, flood risk and adaptation, and greenhouse gas emissions. The city case studies' geographical information was analyzed to explore the spatial–temporal patterns, especially in the emerging topical fields. Interdisciplinary research grew in recent years as the field of urban climatology expanded to interact with urban hydrology, health, energy issues, and social sciences. A few knowledge gaps were proposed: the lack of long‐term high‐temporal‐resolution observational data of organic aerosols for model validation and improvements, the need for predictions of urban effects on precipitation and extreme flooding events under climate change, and the lack of a framework for cooperation between physical sciences and social sciences under urban settings. To fill these gaps, we call for more observational data with high spatial and temporal resolution, using high‐resolution models that adequately represent urban processes to conduct scenario analyses for urban planning, and the development of intellectual frameworks for better integration of urban climatology and social‐economical systems in cities.This article is categorized under:
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
Theoretical-Methodological Elements for Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities in Life Courses
Authors: Muñiz Leticia , Verd Joan Miquel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSocial inequalities are one of the structural problem areas of Western capitalist societies, and are of particular relevance both in Europe and in Latin America. Sociological studies on the issue account for the complexity of the phenomenon by presenting their constitution and consolidation based on the analysis of institutional and subjective aspects, which include the particularities, on the one hand, of the socio-economic systems of countries and regions; and, on the other hand, the representations, dispositions and actions deployed by individuals in order to deal with and live in an unequal world.This chapter forms part of these discussions on social inequalities by developing a theoretical-methodological analysis that helps to generate critical views of the phenomenon in a context in which there is a need to design public policies that will foster equality. In particular, social inequalities are studied from the perspective of life courses, which involves multidimensional analyses over time; and a theoretical-methodological model that deepens our current knowledge of the Comparative Biographical Perspective is developed. In order to show how this approach can be used empirically, we then present an analysis of the career paths of workers with different levels of education in Argentina and Spain.
Pension Systems Compared: A Polarised Perspective, a Diverse Reality
Authors: Scarponetti Patricia , Sepúlveda Leandro , Martín-Artiles Antonio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlobalisation and international competition have a spillover effect on the reforms of pension systems that imposes a similar pattern of dismantling, hardening access to pensions, reducing expenditure and retrenchment in said reforms. The comparative analysis of four countries with different pension systems: two liberal (United Kingdom and Chile) and another two with contributory-proportional systems (Spain and Argentina) serves to determine the details of the reform processes, which discursively seem to have a shared pattern recommended by the international financial and economic institutions.But the reality of the four case studies shows considerable differences in the implementation of the pension reform policies. The reforms depend on the societal context, institutions, history, the role of unions, the government in power, demographic factors and economic perspectives, among other matters. Many countries need to sustain pension systems because they are associated with many pensioners’ political vote. Therefore, the spillover effect of globalisation and the convergence in certain uniform patterns of reforms is far from reality in the four countries, and as such, the measures adopted are specific for each country.
Education and Inequality in Finland, Spain and Brazil
Authors: Martínez García José Saturnino , Oinonen Eriikka , Merino Rafael , Perosa Graziela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFinland, Spain and Brazil are three very internally complex and heterogeneous realities, with contradictions and permanent reforms to their education systems. In a first quantitative approach each country can be placed in a continuum of the education system that goes from most successful in terms of reaching a high level of education all across the population, in conditions of equity and facilitating youths’ incorporation into the labour market, to least successful, with Finland and Brazil occupying either end of the spectrum respectively and Spain occupying an intermediate situation. Although there are differences, they share certain tensions in their respective education systems. On the one hand, about the conception of education, ranging from more utilitarian, human capital theories, to the more humanist and civic-minded perspective. On the other hand, the challenge of comprehensiveness between an academic and a vocational path. In addition, there is also the challenge of improving the education level of the population while also improving equality. The tensions differ from country to country, since their education traditions and cooperation and conflict strategies between the education agents, with varying levels of resources and different alliances with political actors vary, as does the social consensus.
AI-Enhanced Business Models for Digital Entrepreneurship
Authors: Pfau Wolfgang , Rimpp Philipp 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe world of AI offers new opportunities for companies and is therefore of particular interest to entrepreneurs at potentially every level impacting their business. The following article therefore tries to classify the roles of artificial intelligence (AI) applications on the strategic level and their influence on business models. By means of case studies, current business practice will be examined to give entrepreneurs and researchers an understanding of this technology, by providing practical examples so that they can pursue their own AI path. The analysis is based on case studies that examine the role of AI in a company’s business model, both for new market participants in the form of start-ups and incumbents such as the tech giants. By means of case studies, both sides of the extremes are covered in order to provide a picture of the scope of the applications. Insights from these case studies are processed to develop a classification scheme of the influence of AI on business models. Furthermore, the interaction of the different innovation possibilities of AI is compared and with that the importance for the innovative power of companies. Additionally, strategy types are developed on the basis of the presented classification scheme, but give entrepreneurs a suggestion for their own AI path in terms of AI applications to consider. Further, research could consider the influence of the presented AI roles in business models, especially the AI-driven business model is of interest here.
Wirtschaft neu lehren – eine Einleitung
Authors: Bäuerle Lukas , Hantke Harald , Schröder Lisa-Marie , Urban Janina 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Sammelband unternimmt in einer Zusammenführung von didaktisch reflektierten Erfahrungsberichten erste Schritte in Richtung einer pluralen, sozioökonomischen Hochschullehre. In der Einleitung führen die Herausgebenden die zentralen Begründungskontexte für dieses Vorhaben zusammen: die evidenzbasierte Problematisierung standardökonomischer Hochschullehre steht dabei studentischen Forderungen und konkreten Alternativen gegenüber, die von ökonomischen Fachwissenschaftler*innen und Fachdidaktiker*innen gleichermaßen entwickelt wurden. Die Vorstellung und Einordnung aller 18 im Band versammelten Beiträge beschließt die Einleitung.
In Wirklichkeit können wir neue sozioökonomische Realitäten imaginieren (lernen)
Authors: Göpel Maja 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungMenschen sind kreative und sinnsuchende Wesen. Wir lieben es, zu lernen, Rätsel zu lösen und Neues zu gestalten. Wir suchen nach Verständigung und Verständnis. Wir sind erzählende und reflektierende Wesen, die in einer Welt der Geschichten leben. Und diese Geschichten lernen wir natürlich durch unser soziales Umfeld und in unseren Bildungsinstitutionen. Sie wirken auf mindestens drei Ebenen: Als Individuum entwickelt jeder Mensch eine persönliche Sicht auf die Dinge, anhand derer wir Urteile und Entscheidungen treffen. Als soziale Wesen verwenden wir normative Kodizes und einen kanonisierten Alltagsverstand, um diese Entscheidungen gegenüber anderen zu vertreten und sich in Beziehung zu ihnen zu setzen. Im politischen Raum schließlich herrschen die großen gesellschaftlichen Erzählungen und Paradigmen, die als Referenzrahmen für angemessenes oder auch rationales Handeln gelten und damit auch das Gefühl einer Schicksalsgemeinschaft kreieren. Daher wirken die Geschichten auf den drei Ebenen auch immer aufeinander ein. Und der gigantische Entwicklungsfortschritt der Spezies Mensch liegt nicht zuletzt genau darin begründet, dass dadurch koordinierte Routinen, ausdifferenzierte Arbeitsteilung, komplexe Institutionen und bahnbrechende Innovationen über eine erzählerische Begründung ihrer Sinnhaftigkeit funktionieren. Allein deshalb kann die Bedeutung des Hinterfragens und Neuausrichtens der vielleicht zentralen Geschichte des 19. und vor allem 20. Jahrhunderts gar nicht überschätzt werden: die Gesellschaft des (grenzenlosen) monetären Wachstums.
Die globale Masernkrise – Ursachenvielfalt von bewaffneten Konflikten bis Impfskepsis
Authors: Denkel Luisa , Espelage Werner , Matysiak-Klose Dorothea , Morwinsky Thomas , Siedler Anette , Beermann Sandra 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel
Obwohl seit vielen Jahren ein sicherer und effektiver Impfstoff verfügbar ist, nehmen Fälle von Masern seit 2018 weltweit wieder zu. Ziel dieses Berichts ist die Identifizierung möglicher Gründe für diese Entwicklung.

Methode
Es erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche sowie die Auswertung aktueller Berichte und Daten der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO), des Kinderhilfswerkes der Vereinten Nationen (UNICEF) und der Weltbank.

Ergebnisse
Madagaskar, die Ukraine und Israel wiesen laut WHO im Zeitraum vom 01.07.2018 bis 30.06.2019 die weltweit höchsten Inzidenzen für Masern auf. Masernausbrüche sind ein Zeichen unzureichender Impfquoten, die durch vielfältige strukturelle und psychologische Barrieren verursacht werden. Strukturelle Barrieren für Masernimpfungen, wie mangelnde Routineimpfprogramme, bestehen vor allem in fragilen Ländern u. a. durch bewaffnete Konflikte. Sie wurden jedoch auch in Subpopulationen einkommensstärkerer Länder als Hauptursachen für geringe Masernimpfquoten u. a. durch fehlende Ressourcen für Impfdienste identifiziert. Psychologische Barrieren und nachfolgende Impfskepsis waren hauptsächlich in entwickelten Ländern mit gut funktionierenden Gesundheitssystemen und hohem Lebensstandard verbreitet.

Diskussion
Die Gründe für die globale Masernkrise sind vielfältig und existieren teilweise schon seit Jahrzehnten. Sie scheinen sich jedoch inzwischen zu akkumulieren und seit 2018 dramatisch auf die Fallzahlen auszuwirken. Das Ziel, die Masern zu eliminieren, und die Aufrechterhaltung der hierfür notwendigen Impfprogramme sind ständige Herausforderungen, welche die strikte und permanente Einhaltung der WHO-Empfehlungen erfordern. Auch in Deutschland liegt die Anzahl der übermittelten Masernfälle immer noch auf einem Niveau deutlich über dem im Nationalen Impfplan festgelegten Leitziel zur Eliminierung der Masern. Immer wieder kommt es zu zeitlich begrenzten regionalen bis bundesweiten Ausbrüchen. Da Infektionserreger grenzübergreifend übertragen werden können, ist die internationale Perspektive ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der nationalen Gesundheitspolitik in Deutschland.
Complete mesocolic excision in minimally invasive surgery of colonic cancer: do we need the robot?
Authors: Wilhelm Dirk , Vogel Thomas , Neumann Philipp-Alexander , Friess Helmut , Kranzfelder Michael 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Background
Robotic surgery offers favorable prerequisites for complex minimally invasive surgeries which are delivered by higher degrees of freedom, improved instrument stability, and a perfect visualization in 3D which is fully surgeon controlled. In this article we aim to assess its impact on complete mesocolic excision (CME) in colon cancer and to answer the question of whether the current evidence expresses a need for robotic surgery for this indication.

Methods
Retrospective analysis and review of the current literature on complete mesocolic excision for colon cancer comparing the outcome after open, laparoscopic, and robotic approaches.

Results
Complete mesocolic excision results in improved disease-free survival and reduced local recurrence, but turns out to be complex and prone to complications. Introduced in open surgery, the transfer to minimally invasive surgery resulted in comparable results, however, with high conversion rates. In comparison, robotic surgery shows a reduced conversion rate and a tendency toward higher lymph node yield. Data, however, are insufficient and no high-quality studies have been published to date. Almost no oncologic follow-up data are available in the literature.

Conclusion
The current data do not allow for a reliable conclusion on the need of robotic surgery for CME, but show results which hypothesize an equivalence if not superiority to laparoscopy. Due to recently published technical improvements for robotic CME and supplementary features of this method, we suppose that this approach will gain in importance in the future.
General error mitigation for quantum circuits
Authors: Jattana Manpreet Singh , Jin Fengping , De Raedt Hans , Michielsen Kristel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA general method to mitigate the effect of errors in quantum circuits is outlined. The method is developed in sight of characteristics that an ideal method should possess and to ameliorate an existing method which only mitigates state preparation and measurement errors. The method is tested on different IBM Q quantum devices, using randomly generated circuits with up to four qubits. A large majority of results show significant error mitigation.
A predictive approach to the antioxidant capacity assessment of green and black tea infusions
Authors: Muzolf-Panek Małgorzata , Kaczmarek Anna , Gliszczyńska-Świgło Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContemporary consumers drink significant amounts of tea because of its health–benefits mainly associated to the presence of polyphenols with high antioxidant activity. Therefore, the information how to obtain tea infusion of the highest quality, i.e. with high antioxidant capacity is needed. In this study, the various models for the prediction of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of green and black tea infusions were developed and compared. Three mathematical equations: Spiro’s, Peleg’s and logarithmic, and two data mining techniques: multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to build the predictive models. The results obtained show that Spiro’s model could be used for the prediction of green tea quality expressed as total phenolic content or the antioxidant activity (determination coefficients above 0.99), whereas Peleg’s model is more suitable for black tea quality prediction (determination coefficients above 0.99). Data mining techniques (MARS and ANNs) enable to create models fast and of simple application with very good acceptability (determination coefficients above 0.99).
Causation and Information: Where Is Biological Meaning to Be Found?
Authors: Pharoah Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe term ‘information’ is used extensively in biology, cognitive science and the philosophy of consciousness in relation to the concepts of ‘meaning’ and ‘causation’. While ‘information’ is a term that serves a useful purpose in specific disciplines, there is much to the concept that is problematic. Part 1 is a critique of the stance that information is an independently existing entity. On this view, and in biological contexts, systems transmit, acquire, assimilate, decode and manipulate it, and in so doing, generate meaning. I provide a detailed proposal in Part 2 that supports the claim that it is the dynamic form of a system that qualifies the informational nature of meaningful interactive engagement, that is, that information is dependent on dynamic form rather than that it exists independently. In Part 3, I reflect on the importance of the distinction between the independent and dependent stances by looking specifically at the implications for how we might better interpret causation and emergence.