bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Kim Sae Woong , Zhu Guan Qun , Bae Woong Jin 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAging men with diabetes mellitus are more easily suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED), which was poor to respond to drugs. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment (MSCT) offers us an alternative approach that might reverse diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED).AimThe aim of this study was to review the current studies investigating mesenchymal stem cell approach in diabetic rat models of ED for future research.MethodsA medical literature search was performed in PubMed by using the keywords including erectile dysfunction, mesenchymal stem cells, diabetes mellitus, and rat model.Main Outcome MeasureRepresentative studies on DMED rats treated by MSCT were reviewed.ResultsStreptozocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus rats were used in most studies because of cost and convenience. With the development of stem cell treatment for DMED research, many kinds of stem cells were used in animal experiment, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells, muscle-derived stem cells, urine-derived stem cells, neural crest stem cells, and endothelial progenitor cells. Although diverse stem cells were applied for DMED treatment, the mechanism behind these approaches was identical, including improving vascular injury, recovering smooth muscle, restoring neuronal cells, inhibiting the generation of inflammatory cytokines, homing mesenchymal stem cells, and decreasing apoptosis in corpus cavernosum. Meanwhile, combination therapies, including MSCT with drug, herb, and low-energy extracorporeal shockwave treatment showed satisfactory results for ED.ConclusionIt has been proved that MSCT is an effective and safe treatment for the DMED rats. What’s more, MSCT might be a potential and promising approach for patients with DMED as a minimally invasive treatment. Combination of MSCT with various methods was proved to be a more efficient treatment and dependable option to make up for deficiencies of MSCT.
The Young Spinoza on Scepticism, Truth, and Method
Authors: Viljanen Valtteri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper offers a new interpretation of the young Spinoza’s method of distinguishing the true ideas from the false, which shows that his answer to the sceptic is not a failure. This method combines analysis and synthesis as follows: if we can say of the object of an idea (a) which simple things underlie it, (b) how it can be constructed out of simple elements, and (c) what properties it has after it has been produced, doubt concerning the object simply makes no sense. The paper also suggests a way in which this methodology connects to the ontology of theEthics.
Buried in the archives: cemeteries and mausolea in Tripolitania
Authors: Ray Nick , Nikolaus Julia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMuch extant research on monumental burial structures considers mausolea in isolation from one another, both spatially and temporally, separating them from the more extensive cemeteries that either pre-existed or were built up around them. This paper presents the preliminary results of an ongoing archive-based project studying Tripolitanian Roman-period funerary landscapes, specifically investigating the relations between mausolea and their adjacent cemeteries. These relations start to help us understand the patterns in the burial traditions of the region and demonstrate the importance of the ongoing interaction between the living and the monuments of the dead. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the importance of archival research, especially in areas that are inaccessible due to conflict.
The Society for Libyan Studies archive: history, organisation, recent and future developments
Authors: Leitch Victoria , Mattingly David J. , Mugnai Niccolò 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an update on the development of the Society for Libyan Studies archive. We begin with a brief reminder about the history of the archive and its current location, moving on to explain the challenging cataloguing process and future plans for digitisation, of both the catalogue and the physical contents of the archive. We also look at the potential of the archive for researchers and outline a few projects that recently benefited from its reorganisation.
Libyan landscapes in history and prehistory
Authors: Barker Graeme 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs a contribution to the Society for Libyan Studies’ 50th anniversary, the paper discusses three projects in which the author has been involved, with a focus on their different contributions to our understanding of Libya's landscape prehistory and history. The deep stratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave in three projects are described in chronological order, but they contribute in reverse order to our understanding of how Libyans have changed and been changed by their landscapes. The deep stratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave in Cyrenaica represents an intermittent history of landscape use, and the way people dealt with climate change impacts, from some 150,000 years ago to the Graeco-Roman period. The faunal assemblage from Sidi Khrebish, Benghazi, provides insights into how Graeco-Roman city-dwellers interacted with the people of the countryside. The UNESCO Libyan Valleys Survey changes the perspective, showing how tribal people in the pre-desert were drawn into the ambit of the coastal cities and the economy of imperial Rome, before returning to semi-mobile pastoral/arable lifeways not so dissimilar to the lives of many Libyans before the oil revolution. The principal linking finding is that there are no simple stories from the past in terms of people's relations to their landscape: the mix of structure and agency embodied in the archaeological record can be a record of failures, misguided decisions, bad luck etc. as much as of successful responses and adaptations to opportunities and challenges.
Chair's note: moving forwards amidst the British International Research Institutes (BIRI) of the British Academy
Authors: Atkinson David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis third Chair's note on the society's activities outlines the wider context of The Society for Libyan Studies within the British Academy's British International Research Institutes (BIRI), and recent developments within this collaboration. The BIRI comprises seven units that are part-funded by the British Academy and that are spread across Southern Europe, Africa and the Middle East. This note outlines the BIRI briefly, and also describes the recent developments that have seen the BIRI begin to explore how they might coordinate their work and their futures more coherently. The BIRI context is key to SLS's future and this note therefore outlines these recent developments.
Supporting cultural tourism in Libya – a brief history
Authors: Kenrick Philip 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTourists come to Libya for two reasons: to admire the antiquities and/or to experience the natural wonders of the desert. The flow of tourists in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries has been very variable, depending on political circumstances. As a result, the availability of authoritative guidebooks to the antiquities has also been variable. During the years immediately prior to the 2011 revolution, the Society for Libyan Studies has promoted the publication of new Libya Archaeological Guides, both in English for foreign visitors and (progressively) in Arabic for the benefit of the Libyan population.
Desert exploration in North Africa: some generalisations
Authors: Goudie Andrew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper considers some of the general issues relating to the history of exploration in the Libyan (Western) Desert. These issues are: why there have been remarkably few books on desert exploration; the despised role of the motor car which was so important in the exploration of the Libyan Desert; the longevity of some explorers, the prominent role of women in Islamic travels; the great deal of time – sometimes years – that some of the explorers spent in the field; the role of indigenous people; the parts played by professionals, and amateurs; the undertaking of scientific work of high quality, not least in the field of geomorphology; and the international nature of exploration.
A Lost World: Evgeniy Voyskunskiy’sMaiden Dreams, the Karabakh Crisis, and the End of Old Baku
Authors: Mamedov Mikail 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article examines the first novel about the Karabakh crisis and ethnic cleansing of the Armenian population in the city of Baku.Maiden Dreams(Devich’i Sny), published in 1995, was written by Evgeniy Voyskunskiy, an author born in Baku and generally known for science fiction novels. The novel explores the tragic fate of the city, and it includes stories of persecution and pogroms against the Armenian population in Azerbaijan in the late 1980s and early 1990s in light of the Karabakh conflict.Maiden Dreamsis the story of Baku from the beginning of the 20th century to the turbulent period late in the century when violence and ethnic cleansing had transformed the cosmopolitan, multi-ethnic capital into a homogeneous city with no space for “others.” This article examines the novel from both literary and historical perspectives.
A late Holocene record of human impacts on tropical environments from non-pollen palynomorphs, Albertine Rift, western Uganda
Authors: Kiage Lawrence M. , Howey Meghan , Hartter Joel , Palace Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNon-pollen palynomorphs and elemental geochemistry data from Lake Kifuruka in western Uganda provide evidence of environmental change in the tropical African region since the beginning of the Holocene. The multi-proxy record presented here shows that dry conditions dominated the end of the Pleistocene evidenced by calcium enriched sediments and suppressed fungal taxa activity. Moist conditions dominated the early Holocene and persisted until just after 1960 cal yr BP. Elevated frequencies of individual fungal spore taxa associated with herbivory and soil erosion, includingSordaria-type,Sporormiella-type,Chaetomium-type, andGlomus-type, about 4300 cal yr BP suggests a significant environmental change that could be linked to human activities. A convergence of multiple proxy data, including microscopic charcoal, elemental geochemistry, and fungal spores, strongly support the occurrence of anthropogenic forest disturbance in the Albertine Rift about 4300 cal yr BP.
‘A new and hopeful type of social organism’: Julian Huxley, J.G. Crowther and Lancelot Hogben on Roosevelt's New Deal
Authors: HILL-ANDREWS OLIVER 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe admiration of the Soviet Union amongst Britain's interwar scientific left is well known. This article reveals a parallel story. Focusing on the biologists Julian Huxley and Lancelot Hogben and the scientific journalist J.G. Crowther, I show that a number of scientific thinkers began to look west, to the US. In the mid- to late 1930s and into the 1940s, Huxley, Crowther and Hogben all visited the US and commented favourably on Roosevelt's New Deal, in particular its experimental approach to politics (in the form of planning). Huxley was first to appreciate the significance of the experiment; he looked to the Tennessee Valley Authority as a model of democratic planning by persuasion that could also be applied in Britain. Crowther, meanwhile, examined the US through the lens of history of science. InFamous American Men of Science(1937) and in lectures at Harvard University, he aimed to shed light on the flaws in the Constitution which were frustrating the New Deal. Finally, Hogben's interest in the US was related to his long-standing opposition to dialectical materialism, and when he finally saw the US at first hand, he regarded it as a model for how to bring about a planned socialist society through peaceful persuasion.
Revealing research preferences in conservation science
Authors: Montana Jasper , Sandbrook Chris , Robertson Ellen , Ryan Melanie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConservation researchers are increasingly drawing on a wide range of philosophies, methods and values to examine conservation problems. Here we adopt methods from social psychology to develop a questionnaire with the dual purpose of illuminating diversity within conservation research communities and providing a tool for use in cross-disciplinary dialogue workshops. The questionnaire probes the preferences that different researchers have with regards to conservation science. It elicits insight into their motivations for carrying out research, the scales at which they tackle problems, the subjects they focus on, their beliefs about the connections between nature and society, their sense of reality as absolute or socially constituted, and their propensity for collaboration. Testing the questionnaire with a group of 204 conservation scientists at a student conference on conservation science, we illustrate the latent and multidimensional diversity in the research preferences held by conservation scientists. We suggest that creating opportunities to further explore these differences and similarities using facilitated dialogue could enrich the mutual understanding of the diverse research community in the conservation field.
Amygdala functional connectivity in major depression – disentangling markers of pathology, risk and resilience
Authors: Wackerhagen Carolin , Veer Ilya M. , Erk Susanne , Mohnke Sebastian , Lett Tristram A. , Wüstenberg Torsten , Romanczuk-Seiferth Nina Y. , Schwarz Kristina , Schweiger Janina I. , Tost Heike , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Heinz Andreas , Walter Henrik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundLimbic-cortical imbalance is an established model for the neurobiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), but imaging genetics studies have been contradicting regarding potential risk and resilience mechanisms. Here, we re-assessed previously reported limbic-cortical alterations between MDD relatives and controls in combination with a newly acquired sample of MDD patients and controls, to disentangle pathology, risk, and resilience.MethodsWe analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging data and negative affectivity (NA) of MDD patients (n = 48), unaffected first-degree relatives of MDD patients (n = 49) and controls (n = 109) who performed a faces matching task. Brain response and task-dependent amygdala functional connectivity (FC) were compared between groups and assessed for associations with NA.ResultsGroups did not differ in task-related brain activation but activation in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) was inversely correlated with NA in patients and controls. Pathology was associated with task-independent decreases of amygdala FC with regions of the default mode network (DMN) and decreased amygdala FC with the medial frontal gyrus during faces matching, potentially reflecting a task-independent DMN predominance and a limbic-cortical disintegration during faces processing in MDD. Risk was associated with task-independent decreases of amygdala-FC with fronto-parietal regions and reduced faces-associated amygdala-fusiform gyrus FC. Resilience corresponded to task-independent increases in amygdala FC with the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and increased FC between amygdala, pgACC, and SFG during faces matching.ConclusionOur results encourage a refinement of the limbic-cortical imbalance model of depression. The validity of proposed risk and resilience markers needs to be tested in prospective studies. Further limitations are discussed.
Exploring underexposed stories: the experienced lifecourse of financially excluded older adults
Authors: Van Regenmortel Sofie , Smetcoren An-Sofie , Marsillas Sara , Lambotte Deborah , Fret Bram , De Donder Liesbeth 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo gain insights into vulnerable lifecourses and give a voice to those often underrepresented in quantitative research, this study examines the life stories (past, present and future) of 19 financially excluded older adults using an adapted version of McAdams’ life-story interview scheme. Although these life stories demonstrate an accumulation of many disadvantages and an uncertain future because of current financial situations, the stories also reflect the generativity, resilience, coping strategies and agency of financially excluded older adults. We demonstrate how the experienced lifecourse is built around both negative and positive turning points and transitions which go beyond the classical education–work–retirement triumvirate, and how socio-cultural life scripts are used as a framework to build one's own life story in order to achieve continuity. The discussion highlights the potential for deploying the life-story method as a qualitative resource for providing individualised care.
Marital status, close social network and loneliness of older adults in the Czech Republic
Authors: Štípková Martina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe wellbeing of older adults is closely related to their social relationships. There is a well-documented association of widowhood with social isolation and loneliness, but less is known about the consequences of divorce. This paper focuses on the effects of divorce and widowhood on the characteristics of social networks and loneliness in the Czech Republic. Data from the Czech component of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, 2015, are used. The results show that married older adults have the lowest levels of loneliness and, together with widowed men, the largest network of confidants. However, the size of the network is not associated with loneliness (net of socio-demographic variables). The only characteristic of the close social network that has an influence on loneliness is the presence of a partner in the network. This variable explains part of the advantage of spouses. Divorce is found to have a smaller impact on loneliness than widowhood, but the size of the difference depends on the gender and timing of the event. Widowed men seem to be most vulnerable while persons who divorce at age 50 or later experience the lowest level of loneliness among the unmarried groups. The favourable effect of late divorce can be interpreted in relation to the specific nature of partnership decisions in later life.
The Impact of Treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Caglar Bahadır , Serin Suha , Yilmaz Gokhan , Torun Alper , Parlak Ismet 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Approximately 50,000 patients per year present at emergency departments (EDs) because of carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. The hypothesis of this study was that the half-life of CO and the regression period of complaints could be reduced more rapidly by applying oxygen with the Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) modality using a non-invasive mechanical ventilator.Methods:The patients were divided into Group 1 and Group 2 in terms of the treatment method applied. Patients in Group 1 received FiO2 1.0 15 l/minute oxygen at room temperature for at least 30 minutes with a non-rebreather mask. Patients in Group 2 received FiO2 1.0 oxygen at 12 cmH2O pressure with non-invasive mechanical ventilation for at least 30 minutes with an oronasal mask in the CPAP modality.Results:The median values (interquartile range) of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels at zero and 30 minutes of patients were 19% (8) and 14% (6) in Group 1 and 22% (8) and nine percent (3) in Group 2; a median difference of six percent (2) was detected in Group 1 and of 13% (4) in Group 2 in the first 30 minutes (P <.001). When the symptoms of the patients were examined, the median values of Group 1 and Group 2 at zero minutes were both eight units and at 30 minutes were five and three units, respectively. A decrease of five units was determined in the median of Group 2 in the first 30 minutes, and a decrease of two units in the median of Group 1 (P <.001).Conclusion:The use of CPAP was determined to more rapidly reduce COHb level as opposed to high-flow oxygen therapy. It is also thought that it may enable earlier discharge by reducing the duration of the emergency follow-up since it provides a faster improvement in the symptoms of the patients.
What is the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder, extreme appraisals of internal state and symptoms in bipolar disorder?
Authors: Frost Laura , Mansell Warren , Varese Filippo , Tai Sara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground:It is important to understand the factors associated with more severe mood symptoms in bipolar disorder. The integrative cognitive model of bipolar disorder proposes that extreme appraisals of changes to internal states maintain and exacerbate mood symptoms.Aims:The current study aimed to investigate if post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is related to current depressive and manic bipolar symptoms, and whether this relationship is mediated by appraisals of internal state.Method:Participants with bipolar disorder (n = 82) from a randomized controlled trial of cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder (the TEAMS trial) completed self-reported questionnaires assessing appraisals of internal state, generalized anxiety symptoms, and self-reported and observer-rated depressive and manic symptoms. Clinical interviews assessed PTSD co-morbidity.Results:Participants with bipolar and co-morbid PTSD (n = 27) had higher depressive symptoms and more conflicting appraisals than those without PTSD. Regression analyses found PTSD to be associated with depressive symptoms but not manic symptoms. Conflicting appraisals were found to be associated only with manic symptoms meaning that the planned mediation analysis could not be completed.Conclusions:Findings provide partial support for the integrative cognitive model of bipolar disorder and highlight the need for transdiagnostic treatments in bipolar disorder due to the prevalence and impact of trauma and co-morbidity. Working on trauma experiences in therapy may impact on depressive symptoms for those with bipolar disorder and co-morbid PTSD.
The Role of Soil Moisture Feedbacks in Future Summer Temperature Change over East Asia
Authors: Li Kai , Zhang Jingyong , Yang Kai , Wu Lingyun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe increased mean temperature and temperature variability under global warming can have many adverse impacts on human and natural systems. However, how soil moisture‐atmosphere interaction can affect future climate change over East Asia remains largely unclear. We use long‐term regional climate simulations with the Community Climate System Model‐Weather Research and Forecasting (CCSM‐WRF) model system to investigate the role of soil moisture feedbacks in future summer surface air temperature change over East Asia. Results show that summer surface air temperature and precipitation are projected to increase over most of East Asia by the end of 21st century under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. Soil moisture feedbacks lead to an increased summer mean temperature of 0.15°C averaged over East Asia, with key regions appearing over the northern part of Tibetan Plateau, Sichuan Basin, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin during 2071‐2100 under the RCP8.5 scenario. And regionally averaged interannual temperature variability induced by soil moisture feedbacks is substantially enhanced as a whole. Regarding the spatial distribution, soil moisture feedbacks on interannual temperature variability are projected to strengthen notably over the northern part of Tibetan Plateau, the Hexi Corridor, and Sichuan Basin and weaken over the south Tibetan Plateau, southeast China, and the areas surrounding the Lake Baikal. The stronger responses of surface heat and the atmospheric boundary layer to dry anomalies than wet anomalies lead to an obvious dry‐wet asymmetry of soil moisture feedbacks on summer surface air temperature over the key areas of East Asia.