bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the electrochemical behavior of CoCrWNi, CoCrFeNiMo, and CoNiCrMo alloys
Authors: Pound Bruce G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have examined the electrochemical behavior of Co‐28Cr‐6Mo and Co‐35Ni‐20Cr‐10Mo in simulated physiological solutions. However, two other CoCr alloys—Co‐20Cr‐15W‐10Ni and Co‐20Cr‐16Fe‐15Ni‐7Mo—have received relatively little attention. In this work, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of as‐received and passivated CoCrWNi and CoCrFeNiMo in phosphate‐buffered saline. Comparison of the potentiodynamic results with those for as‐received and electropolished CoNiCrMo showed marked differences in the passive behavior of the three alloys, even though they are all Co‐20Cr. The passive film on all three alloys underwent solid‐state oxidation involving Cr(III) to Cr(VI) and Co(II) to Co(III). However, the alloys then differed substantially in their behavior. CoCrFeNiMo exhibited no further changes up to the onset of water oxidation, whereas CoNiCrMo was subject to transpassive dissolution, while CoCrWNi underwent a second oxidation and then localized breakdown of the oxide. The EIS results also showed differences between the alloys with regard to the oxide thickness and resistivity. The thickness increased in the order CoCrFeNiMo < CoNiCrMo < CoCrWNi. Passivation increased the thickness but did not significantly affect the resistivity. For the as‐received alloys, the resistivity increased with thickness, suggesting that the oxide films became less defective with increasing thickness.
High‐throughput 3D bioprinting of corneal stromal equivalents
Authors: Kutlehria Shallu , Dinh Thanh Cong , Bagde Arvind , Patel Nilkumar , Gebeyehu Aragaw , Singh Mandip 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study we designed high‐throughput 3D bioprinting of corneal equivalents which may address the need for in vitro models. In our digital 3D cornea model, average dimensions of adult cornea were converted to 3D shapes, then to G‐code files which were printed by BIOX printer (CELLINK). To maintain the curvature of cornea, a support scaffold was designed using stereolithographic printer. The support scaffold could facilitate the printing of 6–12 corneas at a time thus enabling high‐throughput printing. Human corneal keratocytes (HCKs) were incorporated in the optimized bio‐ink, and cell‐laden corneal stromal equivalents were printed. Printed structures were cross‐linked by calcium chloride 100 mM, washed with Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution and incubated at 37°C in fibroblast media. Printed corneas were analyzed for live dead assay, Alamar assay, and expression of fibronectin and actin green markers. Printed corneas were able to maintain their structure, integrity, and clarity. Live dead assay and Alamar assay demonstrated that HCKs maintained high viability (>95%) for 2 weeks. HCKs in the printed corneas showed expression for fibronectin and actin green. In conclusion, high‐throughput fabrication of 3D printed corneal stromal equivalents using a combination of stereolithography printing, extrusion based printing, and micro‐transfer molding techniques was achieved.
Bone forming ability of recombinant human collagen peptide granules applied with β‐tricalcium phosphate fine particles
Authors: Furihata Tomokazu , Miyaji Hirofumi , Nishida Erika , Kato Akihito , Miyata Saori , Shitomi Kanako , Mayumi Kayoko , Kanemoto Yukimi , Sugaya Tsutomu , Akasaka Tsukasa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecombinant human collagen peptide, developed based on human collagen type I, contains an arginyl‐glycyl‐aspartic acid (RGD)‐rich motif to enhance cell behavior and is anticipated as a xeno‐free polymer material for use in tissue engineering. We fabricated granules containing recombinant human collagen peptide (RCP) applied with beta‐tricalcium phosphate fine particles (RCP/β‐TCP) as bone filling scaffold material and assessed the bone forming ability of RCP/β‐TCP. Recombinant peptide was thermal crosslinked and freeze‐dried to prepare RCP. An aqueous dispersion of β‐TCP fine particles was added to RCP to obtain RCP/β‐TCP. Subsequently, RCP/β‐TCP were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDX), and cell culture assessments. Furthermore, RCP/β‐TCP were implanted into rat cranial bone defects for radiographic and histological evaluations. In SEM and EDX analyses of RCP/β‐TCP, β‐TCP particles dose‐dependently covered the surface of RCP. Cell culture tests showed that RCP/β‐TCP remarkably promoted proliferation and mRNA expression of various genes, such as integrin β1 and osteogenic markers, of osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. Histomorphometric assessment at 4 weeks showed that RCP/β‐TCP significantly promoted new skull bone formation compared to RCP (p < 0.05) and control (no application) (p < 0.01). Accordingly, these findings suggest RCP/β‐TCP possess bone forming capability and would be beneficial for bone tissue engineering therapy.
miR‐324‐5p promotes adipocyte differentiation and lipid droplet accumulation by targeting Krueppel‐like factor 3 (KLF3)
Authors: Zhou Xiaomin , Shi Xin'e , Wang Jie , Zhang Xiaoyu , Xu Yanting , Liu Yihao , Li Xiao , Yang Gongshe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractmiRNAs, a kind of noncoding small RNA, play a significant role in adipose differentiation. In this study, we explored the effect of miR‐324‐5p in adipose differentiation, and found that miR‐324‐5p could promote adipocytes differentiation and increase body weight in mice. We overexpressed miR‐324‐5p during adipocytes differentiation, by oil red O and bodipy staining found that lipid accumulation was increased, and the expression level of adipogenic related genes were significantly increased. And the opposite experimental results were obtained after inhibiting miR‐324‐5p. In vivo, we injected miR‐324‐5p agomiR in obese mice and found that body weight, adipocyte area, and adipogenic‐related gene expression level were significantly increased but lipolytic genes were decreased. To further explore the mechanism of miR‐324‐5p regulation in lipid accumulation, we constructed Krueppel‐like factor 3 (KLF3) 3′‐untranslated region luciferase reporter vector and KLF3 pcDNA 3.1 overexpression vector, and found that miR‐324‐5p was able to directly target KLF3. Overall, in this study we found that miR‐324‐5p could promote mice preadipoytes differentiation and increase mice fat accumulation by targeting KLF3.
Cytokine physiognomies of MSCs from varied sources confirm the regenerative commitment post‐coculture with activated neutrophils
Authors: Al‐Hakami Ahmed , Alqhatani Saad Qaddah , Shaik Sharaz , Jalfan Saaed Mohammed , Dhammam Mohammed Saad Abu , Asiri Wejdan , Alkahtani Abdullah Misfer , Devaraj Anantharam , Chandramoorthy Harish C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe interaction of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with paracrine signals and immunological cells, and their responses and regenerative commitment thereafter, is understudied. In the current investigation, we compared MSCs from the umbilical cord blood (UCB), dental pulp (DP), and liposuction material (LS) on their ability to respond to activated neutrophils. Cytokine profiling (interleukin‐1α [IL‐1α], IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α], interferon‐γ [IFN‐γ], transforming growth factor‐β [TGF‐β]), cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation patterns were assessed. The results showed largely comparable cytokine profiles with higher TNF‐α and IFN‐γ levels in LSMSCs owing to their mature cellular phenotype. The viability and proliferation between LS/DP/UCB MSCs were comparable in the coculture group, while direct activation of MSCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) showed comparable proliferation with significant cell death in UCB MSCs and slightly higher cell death in the other two types of MSC. Furthermore, when MSCs post‐neutrophil exposure were induced for osteogenic differentiation, though all the MSCs devoid of the sources differentiated, we observed rapid and significant turnover of DPMSCs positive of osteogenic markers rather than LS and UCB MSCs. We further observed a significant turnover of IL‐1α and TGF‐β at mRNA and cytokine levels, indicating the commitment of MSCs to differentiate through interacting with immunological cells or bacterial products like neutrophils or LPS, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that MSCs have more or less similar cytokine responses devoid of their anatomical niche. They readily switch over from the cytokine responsive cell phenotype at the immunological microenvironment to differentiate and regenerate tissue in response to cellular signals.
Bifidobacterium breve M‐16V alters the gut microbiota to alleviate OVA‐induced food allergy through IL‐33/ST2 signal pathway
Authors: Li Na , Yu Yi , Chen Xuehua , Gao Shenshen , Zhang Qingqing , Xu Chundi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere has been a marked increase in life‐threatening food allergy (FA). One hypothesis is that changes in bacterial communities may be key to FA. To better understand how gut microbiota regulates FA in humans, we established a mouse model with FA induced by ovalbumin. We found that the mice with FA had abnormal bacterial composition, accompanied by increased immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin E, and interleukin‐4/interferon‐γ, and there existed a certain coherence between them. Interestingly, Bifidobacterium breve M‐16V may alter the gut microbiota to alleviate the allergy symptoms by IL‐33/ST2 signaling. Our results indicate that gut microbiota is essential for regulating FA to dietary antigens and demonstrate that intervention in bacterial community regulation may be therapeutically related to FA.
A global treatments for coronaviruses including COVID‐19
Authors: Yousefi Bahman , Valizadeh Saeid , Ghaffari Hadi , Vahedi Azadeh , Karbalaei Mohsen , Eslami Majid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, several patients with viral pneumonia were identified as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV). So far, there are no specific treatments for patients with coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19), and the treatments available today are based on previous experience with similar viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus (SARS‐CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), and Influenza virus. In this article, we have tried to reach a therapeutic window of drugs available to patients with COVID‐19. Cathepsin L is required for entry of the 2019‐nCoV virus into the cell as target teicoplanin inhibits virus replication. Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme 2 (ACE2) in soluble form as a recombinant protein can prevent the spread of coronavirus by restricting binding and entry. In patients with COVID‐19, hydroxychloroquine decreases the inflammatory response and cytokine storm, but overdose causes toxicity and mortality. Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir, peramivir, and zanamivir are invalid for 2019‐nCoV and are not recommended for treatment but protease inhibitors such as lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) inhibit the progression of MERS‐CoV disease and can be useful for patients of COVID‐19 and, in combination with Arbidol, has a direct antiviral effect on early replication of SARS‐CoV. Ribavirin reduces hemoglobin concentrations in respiratory patients, and remdesivir improves respiratory symptoms. Use of ribavirin in combination with LPV/r in patients with SARS‐CoV reduces acute respiratory distress syndrome and mortality, which has a significant protective effect with the addition of corticosteroids. Favipiravir increases clinical recovery and reduces respiratory problems and has a stronger antiviral effect than LPV/r. currently, appropriate treatment for patients with COVID‐19 is an ACE2 inhibitor and a clinical problem reducing agent such as favipiravir in addition to hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids.
Soft tissue foreign bodies: A training manual for sonographic diagnosis and guided removal
Authors: Rooks Veronica J. , Shiels William E. , Murakami James W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSonography provides excellent detection, localization, and characterization of soft‐tissue foreign bodies. Ultrasound guided foreign body removal is a safe and highly successful minimally invasive procedure that facilitates effective treatment and avoidance of complications in patients with soft tissue foreign bodies. Focused laboratory training is critical to successful implementation of a sonographic foreign body management practice.
Refractory hemorrhagic esophageal ulcers by Candida esophagitis with advanced systemic sclerosis
Authors: Natsui Kazuki , Tsuchiya Atsunori , Terai Shuji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 64‐year‐old woman diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) was admitted to our hospital with chief complaints of uncontrolled bleeding from esophageal ulcers and an inability to consume meals. For RA and SSc, she was treated with prednisolone and abatacept and was taking vonoprazan as prophylaxis for steroid‐induced gastric ulcers. She was diagnosed with severe Candida esophagitis, with multiple large and small ulcers with bleeding, based on esophagogastroduodenoscopy and pathological findings. We performed comprehensive treatment; abatacept was discontinued, and total parenteral nutrition was initiated along with antifungal therapy. Improvement in the esophageal ulcers was observed. Although severe Candida esophagitis is a rare condition, we should keep in mind that severe Candida esophagitis can occur in patients with an immunosuppressive compromised host and esophageal movement disorders such as SSc. Regular follow up by endoscopy and prophylactic treatment to prevent severe esophagitis may be necessary.
Early child development in children who are HIV‐exposed uninfected compared to children who are HIV‐unexposed: observational sub‐study of a cluster‐randomized trial in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Ntozini Robert , Chandna Jaya , Evans Ceri , Chasekwa Bernard , Majo Florence D , Kandawasvika Gwendoline , Tavengwa Naume V , Mutasa Batsirai , Mutasa Kuda , Moulton Lawrence H , Humphrey Jean H , Gladstone Melissa J , Prendergast Andrew J ,   the SHINE Trial Team
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionExposure to maternal HIV may affect early child development (ECD), although previous studies have reported heterogeneous findings. We evaluated ECD among children who were HIV‐exposed uninfected (CHEU) and children who were HIV‐unexposed (CHU) recruited to the SHINE trial in rural Zimbabwe.MethodsSHINE was a community‐based cluster‐randomized trial of improved infant feeding and/or improved water, sanitation and hygiene. Pregnant women were enrolled between 2012 and 2015. We assessed ECD in a sub‐study at 24 months of age, between 2016 and 2017, using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT; assessing motor, cognitive, language and social development); MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) (assessing vocabulary and grammar); A‐not‐B test (assessing object permanence); and a self‐control task. Mothers and infants were tested longitudinally for HIV. We used generalized estimating equations to compare ECD scores between CHEU and CHU, accounting for the cluster‐randomized design. Primary results were adjusted for trial‐related factors that could affect measurement reliability of ECD: study nurse, age of child, calendar month of birth, sex and randomized arm.ResultsA total of 205 CHEU and 1175 CHU were evaluated. Mean total MDAT score was 90.6 (SD 8.7) in CHEU compared to 92.4 (9.1) in CHU (adjusted mean difference −1.3, 95% CI: −2.3, −0.3), driven mostly by differences in gross motor (−0.5, 95% CI: −0.9, −0.2) and language scores (−0.6, 95% CI: −1.1, −0.1). There was evidence that fine motor scores were lower in CHEU (adjusted mean difference −0.4, 95% CI: −0.8, 0.0) but no evidence of a difference in social scores (0.1, 95% CI: −0.2, 0.4). Mean MacArthur‐Bates CDI vocabulary score was 57.9 (SD 19.2) in CHEU compared to 61.3 (18.8) in CHU (adjusted mean difference −2.9 words, 95% CI: −5.7, −0.1). Object permanence and self‐control scores were similar between groups.ConclusionsCHEU in rural Zimbabwe had total child development and vocabulary scores that were approximately 0.15 standard deviations lower than CHU at two years of age. More detailed and specific studies are now needed to unravel the reasons for developmental delay in CHEU and the likelihood that these delays persist in the longer term.
Influenza A virus directly modulates mouse eosinophil responses
Authors: LeMessurier Kim S , Rooney Robert , Ghoneim Hazem E , Liu Baoming , Li Kui , Smallwood Heather S , Samarasinghe Amali E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Allergic asthma and influenza are common respiratory diseases with a high probability of co-occurrence. During the 2009 influenza pandemic, hospitalized patients with influenza experienced lower morbidity if asthma was an underlying condition. We have previously demonstrated that acute allergic asthma protects mice from severe influenza and have implicated eosinophils in the airways of mice with allergic asthma as participants in the antiviral response. However, very little is known about how eosinophils respond to direct exposure to influenza A virus (IAV) or the microenvironment in which the viral burden is high. We hypothesized that eosinophils would dynamically respond to the presence of IAV through phenotypic, transcriptomic, and physiologic changes. Using our mouse model of acute fungal asthma and influenza, we showed that eosinophils in lymphoid tissues were responsive to IAV infection in the lungs and altered surface expression of various markers necessary for cell activation in a niche-specific manner. Siglec-F expression was altered in a subset of eosinophils after virus exposure, and those expressing high Siglec-F were more active (IL-5RαhiCD62Llo). While eosinophils exposed to IAV decreased their overall transcriptional activity and mitochondrial oxygen consumption, transcription of genes encoding viral recognition proteins, Ddx58 (RIG-I), Tlr3, and Ifih1 (MDA5), were up-regulated. CD8+ T cells from IAV-infected mice expanded in response to IAV PB1 peptide-pulsed eosinophils, and CpG methylation in the Tbx21 promoter was reduced in these T cells. These data offer insight into how eosinophils respond to IAV and help elucidate alternative mechanisms by which they regulate antiviral immune responses during IAV infection.
Ultrastructural evidence for the origin of the subretinal pigment shield in the compound eye of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Mohr Tobias , Fischer Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLittle morphological information is available about subretinal pigment shields in insect compound eyes, especially ultrastructural information. The latter is however needed in order to detect possible smallest projections that emanate from pigment‐granule‐bearing cells and pass through the basal matrix (BM), but that are not visible in light micrographs. Previous work on the subretinal pigment shield in Drosophila melanogaster suggests that the pigment cell population located below the BM is closely associated with secondary and tertiary pigment cells. Whether these cells stay in connection throughout life with the subretinal regions via thin projections that pass through the fenestrae of the BM, or whether the subretinal parts later become separated during eye development remained so far unknown. Our investigation of the periphery of the BM by three‐dimensional reconstruction based on serial‐sectioning transmission electron microscopy has revealed that the secondary and tertiary pigment cells possess thin projections that pass through the fenestrae of the BM and thus connect the cellular regions above and below the BM in the adult compound eye. The subretinal pigment shield of D. melanogaster is therefore of retinal origin and is not composed of additional subretinal pigment cells. The maintained bond allows the active displacement of pigment granules below the BM during the process of dark and light adaptation of the compound eye.
Dexamethasone prevents the Epstein‐Barr virus induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in A549 cells
Authors: Zhang Fengqin , Chen Lei , Zhou Ying , Ding Dan , Hu Qiongjie , Liu Yiwen , Li Kaiyan , Wu Sisi , He Li , Lei Mei , Du Ronghui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractClinical data have shown that pulmonary interstitial fibrosis is likely to occur in the later stages of viral pneumonia. While viral infections are thought to cause chronic pulmonary interstitial inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, it remains unclear if they promote pulmonary fibrosis by epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, human epithelial cell line A549 has been used to model the infection of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Their differences were compared and the possible infection mechanisms analyzed by randomly assigning cells to one of five treatments. Exposure of the LMP1 is thought to be the key gene during EBV‐induced EMT in the A549 cells. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay analysis revealed that the EBV infection was associated with the induction of a number of cytokines (interleukin‐8 [IL‐8], IL‐13, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and transforming growth factor‐β) and dexamethasone (DXM) could significantly prevent the phenotypic changes, and partly the mechanisms related with the IL‐13 pathway. Surprisingly, different results were seen with the RSV infection as the A549 cells still displayed an epithelial morphology but the levels of E‐cadherin, α‐SMA, vimentin, and fibronectin did not change. This is the first study demonstrating the different reactions induced by different viruses, and the protective effects of DXM on the EBV‐induced EMT in the A549 cells by partially inhibiting the IL‐13 pathway. These findings suggest a novel mechanism, by which DXM or anti‐IL‐13 may delay the progression of pulmonary fibrosis by preventing the progress of EBV‐induced EMT.
Tracking mesoscale convective systems in central equatorial Africa
Authors: Hartman Adam T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Congo basin in central equatorial Africa is home to some of the most intense convection in the global tropics. Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) provide much of the annual rainfall over this region during the March–April–May (MAM) and September–October–November (SON) rainy seasons. Features of these systems are essential to rainfall variability in this region and greatly impact human health, agriculture, livestock, and drought monitoring. Knowledge of variability is hindered by the lack of in‐situ observations and meteorological stations. The present study identifies and tracks MCSs for the 33‐year period 1983–2015 for MAM and SON. MCS and environmental parameters are calculated for the rainy seasons using satellite and reanalysis data. Spatial distributions of MCS parameters and diurnal cycles for select MCS parameters are compared to prior research. Statistical significance testing is performed to determine if there are meaningful differences between the seasons. Seasonal differences are briefly discussed. 650 hPa relative vorticity patterns suggest localized terrain effects may play a role near a local maximum in MCS initiation frequency in the lee of the Great Rift Valley. Spatial distributions of 33‐year MCS counts, trajectories, speeds, sizes, maximum intensities, and durations, based on initiation locations, agree well with prior research. Differences between seasons are statistically significant and variable and latitude dependent. There is high interannual variability among all MCS and environmental parameters.