bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Pressure and Mg‐Content on Ilmenite Rheology: Implications for Lunar Cumulate Mantle Overturn
Authors: Tokle Leif , Hirth Greg , Liang Yan , Raterron Paul , Dygert Nick 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe viscosity of ilmenite is an important parameter that is thought to have influenced the thermal and chemical evolution of the lunar cumulate mantle. We conduct deformation experiments on two different ilmenite compositions, ilmenite100 (FeTiO3) and ilmenite40 ((Fe0.4Mg0.6)TiO3), to investigate the influence of pressure and Mg‐content on the rheology of ilmenite aggregates. Experiments were conducted in a Griggs apparatus and a deformation‐DIA apparatus at pressures spanning 1–5 GPa. Using the new experimental data and reanalyzed data from Dygert et al. (2016), we determine pressure‐dependent flow law parameters for ilmenite100 (A = 2.183 MPa−ns−1, n = 3.0 ± 0.4, E = 276 ± 25 kJ/mol and V = 17 ± 4 cm3/mol) and ilmenite40 (A = 3.936e−7 MPa−ns−1, n = 5.7 ± 0.5, E = 283 ± 25 kJ/mol and V = 26 ± 4 cm3/mol). Over the range of experimental conditions ilmenite40 has a larger stress exponent and activation volume than ilmenite100. Extrapolation of the ilmenite100 flow law predicts a viscosity approximately five orders of magnitude lower than dry olivine and three orders of magnitude lower than wet olivine at a temperature of 1,100°C, pressure of 0.3 GPa, and stress of 0.3 MPa, conditions representative of the early ilmenite‐bearing cumulate. Our estimated viscosity contrasts for a dry lunar mantle suggests that lunar cumulate mantle overturn may be dominated by longer wavelength downwellings, while a wet lunar mantle may be dominated by shorter wavelength downwellings.
Simulation of Seismic Wave Propagation on Asteroid Ryugu Induced by The Impact Experiment of The Hayabusa2 Mission: Limited Mass Transport by Low Yield Strength of Porous Regolith
Authors: Nishiyama G. , Kawamura T. , Namiki N. , Fernando B. , Leng K. , Onodera K. , Sugita S. , Saiki T. , Imamura H. , Takagi Y. , Yano H. , Hayakawa M. , Okamoto C. , Sawada H. , Tsuda Y. , Ogawa K. , Nakazawa S. , Iijima Y. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeismic shaking has been regarded as an essential source of resurfacing on asteroids. The Small Carry‐on Impactor (SCI) operation on Hayabusa2 has been expected to be a unique opportunity for testing in situ seismic shaking whose energy is sufficiently large to excite observable surface modification. However, no obvious regolith hopping was identified even immediately outside of the crater formed by the SCI impact. To understand this discrepancy from the expectation, we simulate seismic wave propagation on Ryugu with a wide range of surface material properties and evaluate maximum acceleration on the surface. Numerical results reveal that low‐quality factor or low seismic efficiency is required to explain the lack of geomorphological change after the SCI experiment. Considering that scattering under anhydrous conditions cannot efficiently dissipate energy, such a low‐quality factor is not plausible. The weak yield strength in porous materials can efficiently decrease seismic wave energies, making the apparent seismic efficiency extremely low. Based on this hypothesis, we propose a formulation of surface mobility on asteroids that considers the physical properties of regolith. We consistently estimate the occurrence of seismic shaking with the existence of unstable boulders on Ryugu.
Radiation Data Portal: Integration of Radiation Measurements at the Aviation Altitudes and Solar‐Terrestrial Environment Observations
Authors: Sadykov V. M. , Kitiashvili I. N. , Tobiska W. K. , Guhathakurta M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe impact of radiation dramatically increases at high altitudes in the Earth's atmosphere and in space. Therefore, monitoring and access to radiation environment measurements are critical for estimating the radiation exposure risks of aircraft and spacecraft crews and the impact of space weather disturbances on electronics. Addressing these needs requires convenient access to multisource radiation environment data and enhancement of visualization and search capabilities. The Radiation Data Portal represents an interactive web‐based application for search and visualization of in‐flight radiation measurements. The portal enhances the exploration capabilities of various properties of the radiation environment and provides measurements of dose rates along with information on space weather‐related conditions. The Radiation Data Portal back‐end is a MySQL relational database that contains the radiation measurements obtained from the Automated Radiation Measurements for Aerospace Safety (ARMAS) device and the soft X‐ray and proton flux measurements from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. The implemented application programming interface and Python routines allow a user to retrieve the database records without interaction with the web interface. As a use case of the Radiation Data Portal, we examine ARMAS measurements during an enhancement of the solar proton (SP) fluxes, known as solar proton events, and compare them to measurements during SP‐quiet periods.
Aorto-Right Atrial Fistula after Minimally Invasive Tricuspid Valve Repair: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Ishidou Kouhei , Hirofuji Aina , Wakabayashi Naohiro , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe experienced two cases of postoperative iatrogenic aorto-right atrial fistula (ARAF) after tricuspid valve repair (TVR) using minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) technique. In both the cases, the flow of ARAF passed through the sinus of Valsalva near the noncoronary cusp (NCC)/right coronary cusp (RCC) commissure or NCC to right atrium. The quality of the fine needle used in the MICS technique may be inferior to that used in conventional surgery; ARAF after TVR could be a unique pitfall with the MICS technique.
Basic Reproduction Number of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16 and A6: Evidence From Outbreaks of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in China Between 2011 and 2018
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Liu Yang , Liu Fengfeng , Ren Minrui , Nie Taoran , Cui Jinzhao , Chang Zhaorui , Li Zhongjie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16), and coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) are common serotypes causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Analyses on the basic reproduction number (R0) of common pathogens causing HFMD are limited and there are no related studies using field data from outbreaks in mainland China.

Methods
We estimated the pathogen-specific basic reproduction number based on laboratory-confirmed HFMD outbreaks (clusters of ≥10 HFMD cases) reported to the national surveillance system between 2011 and 2018. The reproduction numbers were calculated using a mathematical model and the cumulative cases during the initial growth periods.

Results
This study included 539 outbreaks, of which 198 were caused by EV-A71, 316 by CV-A16, and 25 by CV-A6. All 10 417 cases involved were children. Assuming the outbreaks occurred in closed systems and the incubation period is 5 days, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) R0 estimates of EV-A71, CV-A16, and CV-A6 were 5.06 (2.81, 10.20), 4.84 (3.00, 9.00), and 5.94 (3.27, 10.00). After adjusting for seroprevalences, the R0 (IQR) estimates for EV-A71, CV-A16 (optimistic and conservative scenarios), and CV-A6 were 12.60 (7.35, 25.40), 9.29 (6.01, 19.20), 15.50 (9.77, 30.40), and 25.80 (14.20, 43.50), respectively. We did not observe changes in the R0 of EV-A71 after vaccine licensure (P = .67).

Conclusions
HFMD is highly transmissible when caused by the 3 most common serotypes. In mainland China, it primarily affects young children. Although a vaccine became available in 2016, we have not yet observed any related changes in the disease dynamics.
Case report: Transcatheter valve repair with Cardioband: a new treatment option for secondary tricuspid regurgitation in cardiac transplant patients
Authors: Wösten Monique , Baldus Stephan , Pfister Roman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is the most frequent valvular complication after cardiac transplantation. As in native hearts, the role of surgical therapy particularly in secondary TR is unclear due to high procedural risk and unsatisfying results. Currently, percutaneous techniques are under development for TR repair with less procedural risk and promising preliminary results.

Case summary
We present a 67-year-old man who underwent heart transplantation (biatrial anastomosis) because of ischaemic heart disease 15 years ago and aortic valve replacement in 2010. Because of progressive severe dyspnoea (New York Heart Association Class III) in 2018 and signs of right heart failure with ascites he underwent transthoracic echocardiography which showed normal graft function, but massive TR of functional aetiology. The heart team decision was an interventional approach using the Cardioband System (Edwards Lifesciences) to treat TR based on the high risk associated with a third cardiac surgery and impaired right ventricular function. The procedure was performed in general anaesthesia with transoesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopic guidance. Tricuspid regurgitation improved from massive to mild with a mean pressure gradient of 2.9 mmHg.

Discussion
This is the first case report of Cardioband implantation in tricuspid position in a heart transplant patient with the good technical and clinical result, suggesting that this technique might offer a treatment option to highly selected post-transplant patients with secondary severe TR and high surgical risk.
A case report of acute myopericarditis associated with Graves’ thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Anderton Thomas S , Saunderson Christopher E D , Jain Manali , Sengupta Anshuman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
The effects of hyperthyroidism on the heart are well documented, primarily consisting of supraventricular tachycardias, congestive heart failure, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Acute myopericarditis resulting from a hyperthyroid state is an uncommon but recognized association.

Case summary
A 29-year-old man with a history of Graves’ disease presented with chest pain and electrocardiogram changes suggestive of an infero-lateral ST-elevation myocardial infarction. However, emergent coronary angiography and bedside echocardiography were normal. Troponin-I was found to be &gt;25 000 ng/L (normal value &lt;57). Thyroid function tests showed a significantly raised free T4 and undetectable thyroid-stimulating hormone. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) showed extensive myocardial oedema and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in keeping with acute myopericarditis, alongside an enlarged thyroid gland consistent with goitre. Propylthiouracil in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and beta-blocker were commenced and eventually definitive treatment with thyroidectomy was performed. Follow-up CMR at 6 months showed complete resolution of the prior noted oedema and a reduction in the location and extent of LGE with significant residual fibrosis.

Discussion
Acute myopericarditis is a common diagnosis in young patients presenting with symptoms of chest pain with elevated troponin and is frequently related to a viral illness. Hyperthyroid states are also associated with acute myopericarditis and should be particularly considered in patients with a pre-existing thyroid condition or in those with symptoms suggestive of hyperthyroidism. Given the specific treatments required in a case of myopericarditis associated with hyperthyroidism, it is important to be aware of this association and consider screening where appropriate.
Corona Virus Disease 2019 in situ arterial and venous thrombosis in critically ill patients: a case series
Authors: Castro-Verdes Mireya , Gkouma Antonia , Wort John , Ridge Carole , Mirsadraee Saeed , Padley Simon , Sheikh Awais , Singh Suveer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonitis associated with severe respiratory failure carries a high mortality. Coagulopathy has emerged as a significant contributor to thrombotic complications.

Case summary
We describe two cases of severe COVID-19 pneumonitis refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation and proning position, transferred to our specialist centre for cardiorespiratory failure. Cross-sectional imaging demonstrated concurrent venous and aortic thrombosis with end-organ ischaemic changes. One patient received thrombolysis with a partial response. This could not be offered to the other patient due to a recent haemorrhagic event. Both patients died of multi-organ failure in the hospital.

Discussion
Concurrent aortic and venous thromboses are rare. This finding in COVID-19 cases, who were both critically ill patients, likely reflects the strongly thrombogenic nature of this illness which ultimately contributed to poor outcomes. The absence of deep vein thrombosis or a potential systemic source of embolism suggests in situ thrombosis. Further, the management of anticoagulation and thrombolysis is challenging in patients where an attendant bleeding risk exists.
Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was inappropriate for use in a patient with aborted sudden cardiac death due to coronary spastic angina: a case report
Authors: Kojima Akiteru , Shirayama Takeshi , Shiraishi Jun , Sawada Takahisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is recommended for secondary prevention in patients with coronary spastic angina and aborted sudden cardiac death. The effectiveness of subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) for patients with coronary artery spastic angina is controversial.

Case summary
A 54-year-old man presented with ventricular fibrillation. Emergent coronary angiography showed diffuse narrowing of the coronary arteries that was reversible with isosorbide dinitrate. He was diagnosed with coronary spastic angina. S-ICD was implanted after the administration of a calcium-channel blocker and nicorandil. Seven months after the implantation, he collapsed again due to sinus node dysfunction and atrioventricular block caused by cardiac ischaemia. He developed cardiac arrest at both admissions. Six hours after the admission, electrocardiogram showed transient right bundle branch block. Inappropriate shocks were delivered because of low R-wave amplitude and T-wave oversense. S-ICD was replaced with a transvenous device in order to manage these two arrhythmias and inappropriate shocks.

Discussion
Patients with coronary artery spasm and aborted sudden cardiac death are candidates for implantation of S-ICD, but there are risks of bradycardia and inappropriate shocks in other ischaemic events.
Acute myocardial infarction associated with prosthetic valve leaflet thrombosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a case report
Authors: Rotta Detto Loria Johannes , Thiele Holger , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Fatal thrombo-embolic events like cerebral stroke or myocardial infarction are rare complications of prosthetic heart valve leaflet thrombosis. Nevertheless, prevention and management of leaflet thrombosis is gaining increased attention, particularly with the widespread adoption of transcatheter heart valves.

Case summary
We herein present the case of a 79-year-old man who had undergone a transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedure. Seven months later, he presented with a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography did not reveal obstructive lesions. A dedicated cardiac computed tomography scan showed thrombosis of both right- and non-coronary leaflets of the prosthetic aortic valve, while prosthetic valve function was normal on echocardiography. Transmural myocardial infarction lesions in the midventricular and apical inferior wall were detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Discussion
Subclinical leaflet thrombosis of prosthetic aortic valves is a common finding. In this case report, we show that myocardial infarction presumably due to leaflet thrombosis was the first symptom in an otherwise asymptomatic patient. This finding raises the question of the validity in distinguishing between subclinical and clinical leaflet thrombosis based on prosthetic valve function.
Intra-cardiac microcomputer allows for innovative telemedicine in chronic heart failure during coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: a case report
Authors: Feickert Sebastian , D’Ancona Giuseppe , Murero Monica , Ince Hüseyin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Heart failure patient management guided by invasive intra-cardiac and pulmonary pressure measurements through permanent intra-cardiac micro-sensors has recently been published as a strategy to individualize the therapy of patients with chronic heart failure to reduce re-hospitalization and optimize quality of life. Furthermore, the use of telemedicine could have an important impact on infective disease spread during the current coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.

Case summary
Emergent hospitalization of a patient with acute on chronic heart failure, who is currently in self-isolation as a result of his comorbid profile that exposes him to high risk for severe course and mortality in case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was prevented using a last generation telemedicine tool.

Discussion
Further implementation of invasive telemedicine could prevent hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure and consecutive exposure to a potential hospital infection with SARS-CoV-2 in high-risk patients.
Be aware of misdiagnosis tied to COVID-19 focusing: a case report of abciximab-induced alveolar haemorrhage thought to be SARS-CoV-2 in a patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Turan Turhan , Sayın Muhammet Raşit , Kul Selim , Akyüz Ali Rıza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Early diagnosis of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) can be extremely difficult, as the common clinical picture is often attributed to more common clinical conditions. High degree of suspicion is key to diagnosis which can be much more difficult during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Case summary
A 61-year-old man with inferolateral ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by a stent to the left circumflex artery and intravenous abciximab treatment was started for the high thrombus burden. Two hours later, the patient developed dyspnoea and hypoxaemia. Chest examination revealed diffuse rales over both lung fields. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral diffuse alveolar infiltrates, while the echocardiography was normal. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed and the ‘crazy paving appearance’, which is the typical radiological finding of COVID-19, was reported. The patient was considered to be suspected of COVID-19 and was transferred to a quarantine unit. Real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was obtained and azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine were initiated. 48 h later, 2.6 mmol/L reduction was observed in haemoglobin levels and haemoptysis was developed. After the second negative RT-PCR with an interval of 24 h, CT was repeated and the patient was diagnosed to have abciximab-induced DAH. The patient was later followed up conventionally and discharged after two weeks without additional complications.

Discussion
DAH and COVID-19 might share common clinical and radiological findings during examination. The physicians must be aware of the high motivation of the COVID-19 pandemic which can lead to misdiagnosis by overlooking other important clinical conditions.
Expected Covering Radius of a Translation Surface
Authors: Masur Howard , Rafi Kasra , Randecker Anja 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A translation structure equips a Riemann surface with a singular flat metric. Not much is known about the shape of a random translation surface. We compute an upper bound on the expected value of the covering radius of a translation surface in any stratum ${{\mathcal{H}}}_1(\kappa )$. The covering radius of a translation surface is the largest radius of an immersed disk. In the case of the stratum ${{\mathcal{H}}}_1(2g-2)$ of translation surfaces of genus $g$ with one singularity, the covering radius is comparable to the diameter. We show that the expected covering radius of a surface is bounded above by a uniform multiple of $\sqrt{ \frac{\log g}{g}}$, independent of the stratum. This is smaller than what one would expect by analogy from the result of Mirzakhani about the expected diameter of a hyperbolic metric on a Riemann surface. To prove our result, we need an estimate for the volume of the thin part of ${{\mathcal{H}}}_1(\kappa )$, which is given in the appendix.
Reanimating Historical Violence in Multi-Ethnic Graphic Narratives
Authors: Kim Joo Ok 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ongoing damage of hurricanes impacting the Gulf regions of the United States, and beyond, resurrect the legacies of Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Katrina exposed the degree to which militarized humanitarianisms linked the “natural” disaster of the hurricane and US military violence in Iraq. In cultural production, scholarship, and social critique, Hurricane Katrina and the Iraq War are historically linked discourses. Understanding both events through the fragmented representations of graphic narratives, in particular, compels reconsiderations of the hurricane and the war. In my examination of two graphic narratives, Mario Acevedo and Alberto Dose's Killing the Cobra: Chinatown Trollop (2010) and Mat Johnson and Simon Gane's Dark Rain: A New Orleans Story (2010), I analyze how the recurring presence of Iraqi civilian murder by the US military entwines the Iraq War and Hurricane Katrina. The graphic narratives lay bare the liberal maintenance of transnational violence that undo simple distinctions between “at home” and “abroad.” Indeed, both graphic narratives attend to fractures as form and content to structure the geohistorical dynamics of militarized duty in Iraq with foundational legacies of racism in the United States. How the graphic narratives frame the war—spatially fragmented, aggressively nonlinear—reanimates the intertwined cultural histories of Hurricane Katrina and the Iraq War. In their representations of mourning civilian deaths, and the convergence of humanitarian and military force in post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans, Killing the Cobra and Dark Rain graft the war-sanctioned violence against Iraqi civilians onto militarized registers of US domestic space, tracing the fractures of transnational humanitarian empire.