bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability of a community health worker intervention to improve the oral health of older Chinese Americans: A pilot study
Authors: Northridge Mary E. , Wu Yinxiang , Troxel Andrea B. , Min Deborah , Liu Rong , Liang Li Juan , Metcalf Sara S. , Seyedzadeh Sabounchi Shabnam , Yi Stella 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the acceptability of a community health worker (CHW) intervention designed to improve the oral health of low‐income, urban Chinese immigrant adults.BackgroundGiven that both dental caries and periodontitis are behaviourally mediated, biofilm‐based diseases that are largely preventable with attention to regular oral hygiene practices and preventive dental visits, strategies to arrest or even heal carious lesions and high‐quality maintenance care and plaque control without the need to resort to aerosol‐generating surgical approaches are evidence‐based best practices. Older immigrants have poorer oral health than older US‐born natives, motivating the need for delivery of more effective and affordable services to this vulnerable population.Materials and MethodsCHWs were trained by the NYU College of Dentistry dental hygienist faculty members using dental models and flip charts to instruct patients on proper brushing and flossing techniques. In addition, they discussed the presented oral health promotion information one‐on‐one with patients, addressed any expressed concerns and encouraged prevention of oral conditions through regular dental visits and brushing with fluoride toothpaste.ResultsMore than 98% of the 74 older Chinese adult participants strongly agreed/agreed that the CHWs helped them to improve how they take care of their health, the CHWs answered their questions and concerns, the information and topics were informative, and the in‐person demonstrations were helpful in improving oral health.ConclusionThe health of all communities depends on access to comprehensive care, including oral health care, in the wake of COVID‐19. CHW interventions are acceptable to and may reach marginalised and immigrant communities.
Economic and military aspects of the Frankish conquest of Saxony
Authors: Landon Christopher 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Frankish conquest of Saxony represents one of the most intensively studied topics of Carolingian history. Yet the underlying motives that drove Frankish expansion into the lands between the Rhine and the Elbe remain poorly understood. In general, these motives have been discussed in terms of defensive strategy on the one hand and ideology (and specifically Christianization) on the other. In fact, however, there are good reasons for considering the conquest as part of a larger economic/military approach on the part of the Franks, focussed on securing Saxony's wide array of material resources, not least of which was the military potential of the Saxons themselves.
It's Great up North: maximising the learning and development opportunities provided by organising and attending a regional event
Authors: Young Gil , Gilroy Dominic , Nicholas Katie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn 2019 Health Education England supported health care library knowledge service staff in the Northern region to organise a two‐day event to share knowledge and expertise, and to develop their networks. The article describes how the event was organised, emphasising the advance planning and development opportunities provided for participants, such as webinars, and randomised coffee trial meetings between participants. Of the 100 participants, 60 delivered a poster, workshop or presentation. Reflective evaluation of the event by the organising committee indicated that networking was actively encouraged, and that a higher proportion of library assistants participated than usual. Concludes that the virtual aspects of the event worked well, and that future events could include a mix of face to face and virtual sessions. D.I.
Literature mining for alternative cementitious precursors and dissolution rate modeling of glassy phases
Authors: Uvegi Hugo , Jensen Zach , Hoang Trong Nghia , Traynor Brian , Aytaş Tunahan , Goodwin Richard T. , Olivetti Elsa A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEfforts to reduce the carbon footprint associated with cement and concrete production have resulted in a number of promising lower‐emission alternatives. Still, research has emphasized a small subset of potentially useful precursor materials. With the goal of expanding the precursor pool, this work presents results of parallel literature mining and rate modeling activities. As a result of literature mining, materials with appropriate SiO2, Al2O3, and CaO concentrations were assembled into a comprehensive, representative ternary diagram. 23 000+ materials were extracted from 7000 journal articles, and 7500 materials from 6000 articles with 80 ≤ SiO2 + Al2O3 + CaO ≤105 wt% automatically classified. Both supervised and semi‐supervised models were used for dissolution rate prediction of glassy materials with all models pulling from a single data set (n = 802 reported dissolution rates from 105 different glasses). Supervised modeling utilized linear and decision tree regressions to determine features most predictive of dissolution rate, resulting in log‐linear relationships between rate and pH, inverse temperature (1/K), and non‐bridging oxygen per tetrahedron (NBO/T). Semi‐supervised modeling was observed to be more robust to broader feature inclusion, providing similar predictive ability with a relatively larger set of descriptive features. Most importantly, results indicated that models trained on data from disparate scientific communities were adequately predictive (RMSE ≈ 1), particularly under pH ≥7 conditions relevant to the cement and alkali activation communities.
Oxidation of 3D‐printed SiC in air and steam environments
Authors: Kane Kenneth , Stack Pádraigín , Schappel Danny , Montoya Katherine , Mouche Peter , Sooby Elizabeth , Terrani Kurt 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe high‐temperature oxidation of additively manufactured and chemically vapor infiltrated (3D‐printed SiC) has been compared to chemical vapor deposited (CVD) SiC. 100‐h isothermal exposures were conducted at 1425° and 1300°C at 1 atm under both dry air and steam environments. A SiC reaction tube was utilized to reduce silica volatility. After steam oxidation at 1425° and 1300°C, on the 3D‐printed SiC surface, which was intrinsically rougher than the CVD surface, scales were 70%–90% thicker at the convex regions compared to concave/flat regions. In the convex regions, large cracks perpendicular to the oxidizing interface were observed. After dry air oxidation, scale thicknesses were comparable between 3D‐printed SiC and CVD SiC, regardless of geometry. Finite element modeling, conducted to elucidate the relationship between SiC geometry and ß‐ to α‐cristobalite transformation stress, determined cristobalite transformation tensile stresses to be on the order of 103 MPa during cool down, assuming a 6 vol% reduction. Compared to flat SiC substrates, tensile transformation stresses were elevated at concave regions and relaxed at convex regions. Combined with specimen mass gain (accounting for the rougher surface) of 3D‐printed SiC being 15%–32% higher for 3D‐printed SiC after 1300°C and 1425°C steam oxidation, the work presented concludes that the increased oxidation of 3D‐printed SiC is primarily caused by tensile hoop stresses driven by oxidation volume expansion. Lastly, the efficacy of the 3D‐printing method is demonstrated through the production of tristructural isotropic imbedded 3D‐printed SiC fuel forms.
Athermal electric field‐induced restructuring of glass during poling
Authors: McLaren Charles T. , Kopatz Craig R. , Fahey Albert J. , Smith Nicholas J. , Jain Himanshu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThermal poling is a widely used method for creating glass surfaces with modified structure and altered properties by application of DC voltage. The mechanism of structural change has remained controversial, especially as poling is performed well below the glass transition temperature. Specifically, the role of Joule heating in facilitating structural transformation has remained an open question, conceivably through local heating to temperatures approaching Tg. Here, we investigate this possibility directly by in situ measurements of the local glass temperature during poling using infrared imaging. Examination near the anode region reveals only a slight temperature increase (~10°C) above the furnace temperature at the start of poling, and remains a few hundred degrees below Tg throughout. SIMS analysis revealed a ~1‐µm thick alkali depletion layer next to the anode. XPS analysis of the anode, cathode, and unpoled regions shows complex changes in structure and composition including migration of alkali ions, injection of hydrogen at the anode interface, removal of non‐bridging oxygen, and polymerization of the network via electrolysis. All these changes arise as a result of high electric field (~106 V/cm) produced across the highly resistive depletion layer, and refutes any significant increase in the temperature by Joule heating as the cause of their creation.
Design and fabrication of lutetium aluminum silicate glass and nanostructured glass for radiation detection
Authors: Shi Zhenguo , Zhou Shifeng , Yang Zhongmin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFlexible scintillating fiber plays an important role in X‐ray radiation monitoring and high‐resolution medical imaging, while construction of scintillating fiber derived from the commercial material system meet with limited success. Here, we report the design and successful fabrication of the Ce‐activated lutetium aluminum silicate glass, nanostructured glass, and fiber, and explore their scintillating properties. The scintillating glass with optimized composition and optical properties is determined. The crystallization behavior of lutetium aluminum silicate glass is studied and the nanostructured glass embedded with orthorhombic Lu2Si2O7 phase is successfully constructed for the first time. Importantly, the crystalline layer thickness of the nanostructured glass can be finely tuned and ~172.89% enhancement in the scintillating performance can be achieved. Furthermore, the fiber with large sized core is fabricated and its radiation response properties are tested. The results show that it exhibits high sensitivity and its scintillating emission is lineally dependent on the X‐ray power, indicating the potential application for radiation detection.
Steam oxidation of ytterbium disilicate environmental barrier coatings with and without a silicon bond coat
Authors: Kane Ken A. , Garcia Eugenio , Uwanyuze Sharon , Lance Michael , Unocic Kinga A. , Sampath Sanjay , Pint Bruce A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe current generation of multilayer Si/Yb2Si2O7 environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are temperature limited by the melting point of Si, 1414°C. To investigate higher temperature EBCs, the cyclic steam oxidation of EBCs comprised of a single layer of ytterbium disilicate (YbDS) was compared to multilayered Si/YbDS EBCs, both deposited on SiC substrates using atmospheric plasma spray. After 500 1‐h cycles at 1300°C in 90 vol%H2O‐10 vol%air with a gas velocity of 1.5 cm/s, both multilayer Si/YbDS and single layer YbDS grew thinner silica scales than bare SiC, with the single layer YbDS forming the thinnest scale. Both coatings remained fully adherent and showed no signs of delamination. Silica scales formed on the single layer coating were significantly more homogeneous and possessed a markedly lower degree of cracking compared to the multilayered EBC. The single layer EBC also was exposed at 1425°C in steam with a gas velocity of 14 cm/s in an alumina reaction tube. The EBC reduced specimen mass loss compared to bare SiC but formed an extensive 2nd phase aluminosilicate reaction product. A similar reaction product was observed to form on some regions of the bare SiC specimen and appeared to partially inhibit silica volatilization. The 1425°C steam exposures were repeated with a SiC reaction tube and no 2nd phase reaction product was observed to form on the single layer EBC or bare SiC.
SDC‐SCFZ dual‐phase ceramics: Structure, electrical conductivity, thermal expansion, and O2 permeability
Authors: Li Claudia , Song Jian , Zhang Shude , Tan Xiaoyao , Meng Xiuxia , Sunarso Jaka , Liu Shaomin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNew CO2‐resistant dual‐phase Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.925–SrCo0.4Fe0.55Zr0.05O3‐δ (SDC‐SCFZ) ceramics present a promising outlook for potential future applications in membrane reactors and solid oxide fuel cells. Their high oxygen permeation flux and stability in CO2 sweep gas also allow their integration in oxyfuel combustion. Here the structural characteristics, electrical conductivities, thermal expansion behaviors, and oxygen permeabilities of four different SDC‐SCFZ membranes with weight ratios of 10:90, 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 (SDC:SCFZ) are systematically studied. Among these four SDC‐SCFZ compositions, 0.6 mm‐thick 25 wt% SDC‐75 wt% SCFZ displayed the highest oxygen permeation fluxes that reach 1.26 mL min−1 cm−2 at 950°C and retained its phase integrity under alternating He and CO2 sweep gas over 72 hours of operation. This composite also showed a moderate thermal expansion coefficient of 1.90 × 10−5 K−1 between 30°C and 1000°C and an electrical conductivity of at least 16 S cm−1 at 550°C and above. Modeling studies revealed that the oxygen permeation fluxes through 25SDC‐75SCFZ are limited by surface exchange reactions from 700°C to 800°C and mixed bulk diffusion and surface exchange reactions above 800°C.
Low‐temperature phase formation in the SrF2–LaF3 system
Authors: Fedorov Pavel P. , Alexandrov Alexander A. , Voronov Valery V. , Mayakova Mariya N. , Baranchikov Alexander E. , Ivanov Vladimir K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhase formation in the SrF2–LaF3 system was studied at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 450°C using nitrate flux. The solubility of LaF3 in SrF2 decreases with decreasing temperature. The equilibrium width of the solid solution region Sr1−xLaxF2+x at 400°C, it is 44.6 ± 0.4 mol% LaF3 (x = 0.446), at 350°C — 38.3 ± 0.7 mol% LaF3 (x = 0.383), and decreases almost to zero at 300°C.
GDF‐5 induces epidermal stem cell migration via RhoA‐MMP9 signalling
Authors: Li Xue , Wang Fan , Lan Yuanxin , Bian Ruyu , Wang Ying , Zhang Xiaorong , Guo Yicheng , Xiao Ling , Ni Wenqiang , Zhao Xiaohong , Luo Gaoxing , Zhan Rixing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe migration of epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) is critical for wound re‐epithelization and wound healing. Recently, growth/differentiation factor‐5 (GDF‐5) was discovered to have multiple biological effects on wound healing; however, its role in EpSCs remains unclear. In this work, recombinant mouse GDF‐5 (rmGDF‐5) was found via live imaging in vitro to facilitate the migration of mouse EpSCs in a wound‐scratch model. Western blot and real‐time PCR assays demonstrated that the expression levels of RhoA and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP9) were correlated with rmGDF‐5 concentration. Furthermore, we found that rmGDF‐5 stimulated mouse EpSC migration in vitro by regulating MMP9 expression at the mRNA and protein levels through the RhoA signalling pathway. Moreover, in a deep partial‐thickness scald mouse model in vivo, GDF‐5 was confirmed to promote EpSC migration and MMP9 expression via RhoA, as evidenced by the tracking of cells labelled with 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine (BrdU). The current study showed that rmGDF‐5 can promote mouse EpSC migration in vitro and in vivo and that GDF‐5 can trigger the migration of EpSCs via RhoA‐MMP9 signalling.
The relationship between airway immunoglobulin activity and eosinophils in COPD
Authors: Southworth Thomas , Higham Andrew , Kolsum Umme , Li Jian , Scott Thomas , Dungwa Josiah , Sridhar Sriram , Pham Tuyet‐Hang , Newbold Paul , Singh Dave 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the effects of inhaled corticosteroids are predicted by blood eosinophil counts. We previously briefly reported increased immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgM levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of COPD patients with higher (eosinophilhigh) compared to lower (eosinophillow) blood eosinophils (>250/μL versus < 150/μL), suggesting differences in adaptive immune function. An inverse relationship exists between eosinophil counts and airway pathogenic bacteria levels. The mechanistic reasons for these associations between eosinophils, corticosteroids and pathogenic bacteria are unclear. IgA, IgM and IgG levels were assessed in BAL, bronchial biopsies and epithelium collected from eosinophilhigh (n = 20) and eosinophillow (n = 21) patients. Bronchial B‐cell numbers were measured by immunohistochemistry. B‐cell activity was assessed in bronchial samples and following exposure to BAL from eosinophilhigh and eosinophillow patients. BAL levels of non‐typeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi)‐specific immunoglobulins were quantified. Results showed airway expression of IgA, IgG1 and IgM were lower in eosinophillow compared to eosinophilhigh patients, with lower levels of NTHi‐specific IgA and IgM. Bronchial B‐cell numbers were similar in both groups, but B‐cell activity was lower in eosinophillow patients. In conclusion, COPD eosinophillow patients show differences in adaptive immune function compared to COPD eosinophilhigh patients. These differences may cause different microbiomes in these COPD phenotypes.
Is jaw muscle activity impaired in adults with persistent temporomandibular disorders? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dinsdale Alana , Liang Zhiqi , Thomas Lucy , Treleaven Julia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding jaw muscle activity changes in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is crucial to guide clinical management. The nature of these changes is currently unclear. Explore changes in jaw muscle activity in TMD. Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane) and bibliographies were searched from inception to 9 July 2020 for eligible studies, including grey literature. Case‐control and interventional studies reporting time‐domain and frequency‐domain electromyographic measures of jaw muscle activity in TMD and control groups were included. SIGN checklist for case‐control studies was used to evaluate risk of bias. Results were pooled for meta‐analysis using random‐effects model. Confidence in cumulative evidence was established using American Academy of Neurology guidelines. Forty‐five studies were included. Most were rated moderate risk of bias. Activity of four muscles (masseter, temporalis, lateral pterygoid, suprahyoids) was assessed across six domains (resting, clenching, chewing, swallowing, concentrating, resisted mandibular movements), with partial meta‐analysis scope. Masseter and temporalis activity were significantly higher at rest (P = .05, P < .0001), but lower during brief maximal clenching (P = .005, P = .04) in TMD vs controls. Insufficient data precluded meta‐analysis of remaining outcomes and subgroup analysis. Confidence in cumulative evidence ranged from moderate to very low. Changes in jaw muscle activity exist in TMD, which are both task‐specific and muscle‐specific. It remains unclear whether jaw muscle activity changes vary between TMD subgroups. Muscle function should be considered in clinical management of TMD. Insufficient subgroup data highlight future direction for research.
Association between type of phototherapy management and hospital and patient‐related outcomes in neonates with non‐haemolytic jaundice at an Australian community hospital
Authors: Bautista Manuel , Griffin Alison , Hay Karen , Frakking Thuy T 
Published: December 2020

AimTo evaluate the associations between type of light‐emitting diode phototherapy intervention and hospital and patient related outcomes in term neonates with non‐haemolytic jaundice.MethodsA retrospective observational study in a community hospital within a disadvantaged area in Australia was conducted. Data was extracted from hospital systems and medical records regarding the use of three types of phototherapy surface‐area exposure for term neonates ≤28 days with non‐haemolytic neonatal jaundice. Associations between type of phototherapy management and length of stay (LOS), rate of serum bilirubin (SBR) decline and duration of phototherapy were estimated using the general linear mixed model or linear regression.ResultsOf 102 neonates diagnosed with non‐haemolytic jaundice between 1 June 2016 and 31 August 2017, 82 were included in final analyses. Neonates treated for jaundice during their first (birth) admission had a median LOS of 118 h for single‐sided and 125 h for maximal double‐sided phototherapy. Differences by phototherapy type were not statistically significant (P = 0.06). SBR rate of decline increased as surface‐area of phototherapy increased (P < 0.001) with the fastest decline seen in maximal double‐sided phototherapy. Estimated duration of phototherapy did not vary by phototherapy type but did vary by age at initiation of phototherapy (P = 0.006), with 16 fewer hours of phototherapy if commenced at ≥72 to <96 h versus ≥24 to 48 h of age (difference −16.4 h, 95% confidence interval −29.1 to −3.7 h).ConclusionsLOS and phototherapy duration were not associated with phototherapy type. Older neonates with neonatal jaundice required shorter phototherapy duration. Double‐sided phototherapy was associated with faster reduction in SBR.