bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystalline Mesoporous Complex Oxides: Porosity‐Controlled Electromagnetic Response
Authors: Jin Lei , Su Xingsong , Shi Jianhang , Shih Kuo‐Chih , Cintron Daniel , Cai Tong , Nieh Mu‐Ping , Chen Ou , Suib Steven L. , Jain Menka , He Jie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA colloidal‐amphiphile‐templated growth is developed to synthesize mesoporous complex oxides with highly crystalline frameworks. Organosilane‐containing colloidal templates can convert into thermally stable silica that prevents the overgrowth of crystalline grains and the collapse of the mesoporosity. Using ilmenite CoTiO3 as an example, the high crystallinity and the extraordinary thermal stability of its mesoporosity are demonstrated at 800 °C for 48 h under air. This synthetic approach is general and applicable to a series of complex oxides that are not reported with mesoporosity and high crystallinity, such as NiTiO3, FeTiO3, ZnTiO3, Co2TiO4, Zn2TiO4, MgTi2O5, and FeTi2O5. Those novel materials make it possible to build up correlations between mesoscale porosity and surface‐sensitive physicochemical properties, e.g., electromagnetic response. For mesoporous CoTiO3, there is a 3 K increase of its antiferromagnetic ordering temperature, compared with that of nonporous one. This finding provides a general guideline to design mesoporous complex oxides that allow exploring their unique properties different from bulk materials.
Self‐Mineralized Photothermal Bacteria Hybridizing with Mitochondria‐Targeted Metal–Organic Frameworks for Augmenting Photothermal Tumor Therapy
Authors: Chen Qi‐Wen , Liu Xin‐Hua , Fan Jin‐Xuan , Peng Si‐Yuan , Wang Jia‐Wei , Wang Xia‐Nan , Zhang Cheng , Liu Chuan‐Jun , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA photothermal bacterium (PTB) is reported for tumor‐targeted photothermal therapy (PTT) by using facultative anaerobic bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 (S. oneidensis MR‐1) to biomineralize palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on its surface without affecting bacterial activity. It is found that PTB possesses superior photothermal property in near infrared (NIR) regions, as well as preferential tumor‐targeting capacity. Zeolitic imidazole frameworks‐90 (ZIF‐90) encapsulating photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) are hybridized on the surface of living PTB to further enhance PTT efficacy. MB‐encapsulated ZIF‐90 (ZIF‐90/MB) can selectively release MB at mitochondria and cause mitochondrial dysfunction by producing singlet oxygen (1O2) under light illumination. Mitochondrial dysfunction further contributes to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis inhibition and heat shock proteins (HSPs) down‐regulated expression. The PTB‐based therapeutic platform of PTB@ZIF‐90/MB demonstrated here will find great potential to overcome the challenges of tumor targeting and tumor heat tolerance in PTT.
Dendrite Suppression by a Polymer Coating: A Coarse‐Grained Molecular Study
Authors: Kong Xian , Rudnicki Paul E. , Choudhury Snehashis , Bao Zhenan , Qin Jian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA major hurdle to the successful deployment of high‐energy‐density lithium metal based batteries is dendrite growth during battery cycling, which raises safety and cycle life concerns. Coating the Li metal anode with a soft polymer layer has been previously shown to be effective in suppressing dendrite growth, leading to uniform lithium deposition even at high current densities. A 3D coarse‐grained molecular model to study the mechanism of dendrite suppression is presented. It is found that the most effective coatings delay or even prevent dendrites from penetrating the polymer layer during deposition. The optimal deposition can be achieved by jointly tuning the polymer stiffness and relaxation time. Higher polymer dielectric permittivity and coating thickness are also effective, but the deposition rate and, therefore, the charging current density is reduced. These findings provide the basis for rational design of soft polymer coatings for stable lithium deposition.
Non‐Noble‐Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts toward the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Zhi‐Peng , Lu Xue Feng , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe development of low‐cost, high‐efficiency, and robust electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgently needed to address the energy crisis. In recent years, non‐noble‐metal‐based OER electrocatalysts have attracted tremendous research attention. Beginning with the introduction of some evaluation criteria for the OER, the current OER electrocatalysts are reviewed, with the classification of metals/alloys, oxides, hydroxides, chalcogenides, phosphides, phosphates/borates, and other compounds, along with their advantages and shortcomings. The current knowledge of the reaction mechanisms and practical applications of the OER is also summarized for developing more efficient OER electrocatalysts. Finally, the current states, challenges, and some perspectives for non‐noble‐metal‐based OER electrocatalysts are discussed.
Real‐Time Imaging Tracking of Engineered Macrophages as Ultrasound‐Triggered Cell Bombs for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Xu Zhili , Liu Hongmei , Tian Hao , Yan Fei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCell‐based drug delivery systems are a promising platform for tumor‐targeted therapy due to their high drug‐loading capacities and inherent tumor‐homing abilities. However, the real‐time tracking of these carrier cells and controlled release of the encapsulated drugs are still challenging. Here, ultrasound‐activatable cell bombs are developed by encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) and phase transformable perfluoropentane (PFP) into hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (HMONs) to prepare DOX/PFP‐loaded HMONs (DPH), followed by internalization into macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells). The resulting cell bombs (DPH‐RAWs) can maintain viability and actively home to the tumor. Especially, their migration can be tracked in real time using ultrasound due to the vaporization of a small portion of PFP during cell incubation at 37 °C. After accumulation at the tumor site, the further vaporization of remaining PFP can be triggered by a short‐pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) sonication, resulting in the generation of several large microbubbles, which destroys DPH‐RAWs and allows drug release out of these cells. The DPH‐RAWs combined with short‐pulsed HIFU sonication significantly inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival of tumor‐bearing mice. In conclusion, this study provides a new approach to cell‐based drug delivery systems for real‐time tracking of their migration and targeted cancer treatment.
Redox‐Active Iron‐Citrate Complex Regulated Robust Coating‐Free Hydrogel Microfiber Net with High Environmental Tolerance and Sensitivity
Authors: Ju Min , Wu Baohu , Sun Shengtong , Wu Peiyi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStretchable hydrogel microfibers as a novel type of ionic conductors are promising in gaining skin‐like sensing applications in more diverse scenarios. However, it remains a great challenge to fabricate coating‐free but water‐retaining conductive hydrogel microfibers with a good balance of spinnability and mechanical strength. Here the old yet significant redox chemistry of Fe‐citrate complex is employed to solve this issue in the continuous draw‐spinning process of poly(acrylamide‐co‐sodium acrylate) hydrogel microfibers and microfiber nets from a water/glycerol solution. The resultant microfibers are ionically conductive, highly stretchable, and uniform with tunable diameters. Furthermore, the presence of redox‐reversible Fe‐citrate complex and glycerol endows the fibers with good anti‐freezing, water‐retaining, and environmentally intelligent properties. Humidity and UV light can finely mediate the stiffness of hydrogel microfibers; conversely, the ionic conductance of microfibers is also responsive to light, humidity, and strain, which enables the highly sensitive perception of environmental changes. The present draw‐spinning strategy provides more possibilities for coating‐free conductive hydrogel microfibers with a variety of responsive and sensing applications.
Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Network Biomimetic Structure Enables Superelastic and Thermostable Nanofibrous Aerogels for Cascade Filtration of PM2.5
Authors: Li Yuyao , Cao Leitao , Yin Xia , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) has taken heavy tolls on the global economy and public health, calling for air filters that can remove PM from high‐temperature emission sources. However, creating desirable filter media capable of capturing polydisperse fine particles (PFPs) effectively and enduringly, while also withstanding high speed airstream, is extremely challenging. Here, a biomimetic and bottom‐up strategy to prepare superelastic, strong, and thermostable nanofibrous aerogels (NFAs) as cascade filters by assembling semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN)‐based nanofibers into a gradient architecture is reported. Inspired by the robust loofah sponges originating from stiff cellulose networks, the mechanical property of NFAs is enhanced via tailoring the chain flexibility of heat‐resistant semi‐IPNs. Further constructing a gradient cellular architecture endows NFAs with a versatile cascade filtration behavior for capturing polydisperse fine particles. The resultant semi‐IPN‐based gradient NFAs exhibit temperature‐invariant superelasticity, a high compressive stress (7.9 kPa) and modulus (12 kPa), high filtration efficiency (>99.97%, PM0.3), low pressure drop (≈50% that of membranes), and ultrahigh dust‐holding capacity (114 g m−2). The fabrication of this attractive material paves the way for designing next‐generation air filters for industrial dust removal.
Lightweight Liquid Metal Entity
Authors: Yuan Bo , Zhao Chenjia , Sun Xuyang , Liu Jing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiquid metals are of great importance in developing wearable devices and soft robotics owing to its high conductivity and flexibility. However, the high density of such metals turned out to be big concern for many practical situations. With generalized purpose, a new conceptual material as lightweight liquid metal entity, which can be as light as water, is proposed here. For illustration, an unconventionally ultralight material composed of eutectic galliumindium alloys (eGaIn) and glass bubbles is demonstrated, whose density can be reduced below 2.010 even 0.448 g cm‐3, even lighter than water, but still maintains excellent conformability, electric conductivity, and stiffness variety under temperature regulation. Such material is further adopted to build various complicated structures through origami or force regulation, representing various application scenarios and can be reused for eight times without evident loss in function. Based on these tests, buoyancy component for water‐related devices is designed, which offers the functions of a switch and loading element. The lightweight liquid metal entities are promising for making diverse advanced soft robotics and underwater devices in the near future.
Devising Synthetic Reaction Cycles for Dissipative Nonequilibrium Self‐Assembly
Authors: Singh Nishant , Formon Georges J. M. , De Piccoli Serena , Hermans Thomas M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFuel‐driven reaction cycles are found in biological systems to control the assembly and disassembly of supramolecular materials such as the cytoskeleton. Fuel molecules can bind noncovalently to a self‐assembling building block or they can react with it, resulting in covalent modifications. Overall the fuel can either switch the self‐assembly process on or off. Here, a closer look is taken at artificial systems that mimic biological systems by making and breaking covalent bonds in a self‐assembling motif. The different chemistries used so far are highlighted in chronological order and the pros and cons of each system are discussed. Moreover, the desired traits of future reaction cycles, their fuels, and waste management are outlined, and two chemistries that have not been explored up to now in chemically fueled dissipative self‐assembly are suggested.
Exploiting Supramolecular Interactions from Polymeric Colloids for Strong Anisotropic Adhesion between Solid Surfaces
Authors: Tardy Blaise L. , Richardson Joseph J. , Greca Luiz G. , Guo Junling , Ejima Hirotaka , Rojas Orlando J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdhesion occurs by covalent bonding, as in reactive structural adhesives, or through noncovalent interactions, which are nearly ubiquitous in nature. A classic example of the latter is gecko feet, where hierarchical features enhance friction across the contact area. Biomimicry of such structured adhesion is regularly achieved by top‐down lithography, which allows for direction‐dependent detachment. However, bottom‐up approaches remain elusive given the scarcity of building blocks that yield strong, cohesive, self‐assembly across multiple length scales. Herein, an exception is introduced, namely, aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) that form superstructured, adherent layers between solid surfaces upon confined evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (C‐EISA). The inherently strong CNCs (EA > 140 GPa) align into rigid, nematically ordered lamellae across multiple length scales as a result of the stresses associated with confined evaporation. This long‐range order produces remarkable anisotropic adhesive strength when comparing in‐plane (≈7 MPa) and out‐of‐plane (≤0.08 MPa) directions. These adhesive attributes, resulting from self‐assembly, substantially outperform previous biomimetic adhesives obtained by top‐down microfabrication (dry adhesives, friction driven), and represent a unique fluid (aqueous)‐based system with significant anisotropy of adhesion. By using C‐EISA, new emergent properties will be closely tied with the nature of colloids and their hierarchical assemblies.
Substrate Developments for the Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Graphene
Authors: Shi Qitao , Tokarska Klaudia , Ta Huy Quang , Yang Xiaoqin , Liu Yu , Ullah Sami , Liu Lijun , Trzebicka Barbara , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Sun Jingyu , Fu Lei , Liu Zhongfan , Rümmeli Mark H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSince the isolation of graphene and numerous demonstrations of its unique properties, the expectations for this material to be implemented in many future commercial applications have been enormous. However, to date, challenges still remain. One of the key challenges is the fabrication of graphene in a manner that satisfies processing requirements. While transfer of graphene can be used, this tends to damage or contaminate it, which degrades its performance. Hence, there is an important drive to grow graphene directly over a number of technologically important materials, viz., different substrate materials, so as to avoid the need for transfer. One of the more successful approaches to synthesis graphene is chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which is well established. Historically, transition metal substrates are used due to their catalytic properties. However, in recent years this has developed to include many nonmetal substrate systems. Moreover, both solid and molten substrate forms have also been demonstrated. In addition, the current trend to progress flexible devices has spurred interest in graphene growth directly over flexible materials surfaces. All these aspects are presented in this review which presents the developments in available substrates for graphene fabrication by CVD, with a focus primarily on large area graphene.
Narrow‐Band Thermal Emitter with Titanium Nitride Thin Film Demonstrating High Temperature Stability
Authors: Yang Zih‐Ying , Ishii Satoshi , Doan Anh Tung , Shinde Satish Laxman , Dao Thang Duy , Lo Yu‐Ping , Chen Kuo‐Ping , Nagao Tadaaki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA refractory wavelength selective thermal emitter is experimentally realized by the excitation of Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) between a titanium nitride (TiN) thin film and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR). The absorptance reaches nearly unity at ≈3.73 μm with the bandwidth of 0.36 μm in the experiment. High temperature stabilities are confirmed up to 500 and 1000 °C in ambient and in vacuum, respectively. When the TiN TPP structure is compared to the TiN–insulator–TiN (TiN‐metal–insulator–metal (MIM)) structure, the former shows higher Q‐factor, which indicates the advantage of choosing the TiN TTP structure against the MIM structure. The proposed refractory TiN TPP structure is lithography‐free and scalable, which paves a way for large scale thermal emitters in practical usage.
Embedding Scattering Centers in Polymer Substrate to Yield Robust Hazy Film with High Optical Transmittance: Application to Virtual‐Reality Display
Authors: Park Jae Yong , Cho Won Seok , Choi Chung Sock , Cho Sang‐Hwan , Lee Jong‐Lam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlexible plastic film with embedded air gaps is introduced to reduce the screen‐door effect (SDE) in virtual‐reality (VR) displays. Silver chloride nanorods are used as an etching mask to implement wavelength‐scale patterns with high aspect ratio on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. The patterned PET is coated with a layer of highly viscous protective resin; this coating produces numerous air gaps in the valleys of the patterns, so the plastic film develops a haze. The resulting film has an average transmittance of 93.6% and an average haze of 88.6% in visible wavelengths (400–800 nm), as well as increased resistance to scratching. Consequently, the hazy film significantly reduces the SDE of a VR display, thereby reducing the SDE indices from 41% to 11% for red, from 19% to 0.8% for green, and from 14% to 0.7% for blue. The electromagnetic simulations provide evidence that the air‐trapped sites in the film can effectively scatter light to yield the increase in haze.
Optical Metasurface‐Based Holographic Stereogram
Authors: Choi Yun‐Seok , Lee Shinho , Jung Joo‐Yun , Jeong Kwang‐Yong , Park Hong‐Gyu , Seo Min‐Kyo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHolographic stereography providing binocular depth cues is one of the most promising technologies for 3D displays. However, conventional holographic stereograms based on micrometer‐scale pixels suffer from multiple diffraction orders and narrow viewing angles. Optical metasurfaces with sub‐wavelength‐scale features have recently been leading amongst the state‐of‐the‐art technologies in 3D holograms but employing only monocular depth cues. Here, a novel method is presented based on optical metasurfaces for obtaining a binocular holographic stereopsis. The demonstrated optical metasurface is an ensemble of several hologram pieces, which produce the different 2D projections of the target 3D structure depending on the observation direction, and displays the holographic stereogram of 25 × 25 × 25 µm3 over a wide viewing angle of more than ±30°. A Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm modified with a spatial Fourier filter calculates the phase and amplitude distribution of meta‐atoms. The results will open avenues to advanced eyeglasses‐free 3D displays that can provide rich and well‐defined depth cues.
Engineering Quantum Dots with Ionic Liquid: A Multifunctional White Light Emitting Hydrogel for Enzyme Packaging
Authors: Shet Sachin M. , Bisht Meena , Pramanik Sabyasachi , Roy Shilaj , Kumar T. Sarath , Nataraj S. K. , Mondal Dibyendu , Bhandari Satyapriya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHerein, a new and straightforward approach for the fabrication of a stable and multifunctional white light emitting (WLE) hydrogel is reported. For the first time, the utility of such hydrogels for protein packaging with enhanced activity and stability is presented. Initially, a WLE composite with color chromaticity of (0.33, 0.27) is fabricated by engineering the surface of an orange light emitting Mn2+‐doped ZnS quantum dot (QD) using a blue‐emitting choline‐tosylate ionic liquid (IL). The color chromaticity can be tuned by altering the concentration of the IL and excitation wavelengths. The WLE hydrogel is constructed through the conjugation of the WLE QD‐IL composite with an alginate biopolymer. Remarkably, the WLE QD‐IL composite and WLE hydrogel show preservation of their structural and luminescence properties for an extended time and thus indicate a potential for storage applications. When cytochrome c (Cyt C) is caged within the WLE hydrogel matrix, the peroxidase activity increases by more than 1.7‐times compared with native Cyt C and a Cyt C‐loaded QD hydrogel at room temperature. Also, Cyt C‐immobilized WLE hydrogel shows a 3.5‐fold increase in activity (compared with native Cyt C) at a higher temperature (120 °C) and in the presence of a denaturation agent.
Reprogramming Tumor Associated Macrophages toward M1 Phenotypes with Nanomedicine for Anticancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xu Xiaoxuan , Gong Xiang , Wang Yuqi , Li Jie , Wang Hong , Wang Jiaoying , Sha Xianyi , Li Yaping , Zhang Zhiwen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the most important constituents in tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments, are a potential therapeutic target due to their essential role in promoting tumor progression and metastasis. Macrophages are usually divided into two categories of protumoral M2‐like TAMs and antitumoral M1 phenotypes at the two extremes. Reprogramming M2‐like TAMs toward tumoricidal M1 phenotype is especially intriguing in terms of the restoration of antitumor immunity for anticancer immunotherapy. In this review, the recent advances of nanomedicine‐mediated reprogramming of TAMs from M2 to M1 to elicit the antitumor immunity are discussed. This reprogramming can be achieved via direct re‐education by targeted delivery of various active agents to TAMs and indirect re‐education by modulating the abnormal tumor microenvironment. Perspectives on nanomedicine mediated TAMs‐M1 reprogramming for effective anticancer immunotherapy are also presented.
An Anion‐Tuned Solid Electrolyte Interphase with Fast Ion Transfer Kinetics for Stable Lithium Anodes
Authors: Wang Zhenxing , Qi Fulai , Yin Lichang , Shi Ying , Sun Chengguo , An Baigang , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Li Feng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe spatial distribution and transport characteristics of lithium ions (Li+) in the electrochemical interface region of a lithium anode in a lithium ion battery directly determine Li+ deposition behavior. The regulation of the Li+ solvation sheath on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) by electrolyte chemistry is key but challenging. Here, 1 m lithium trifluoroacetate (LiTFA) is induced to the electrolyte to regulate the Li+ solvation sheath, which significantly suppresses Li dendrite formation and enables a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.8% over 500 cycles. With its strong coordination between the carbonyl groups (CO) and Li+, TFA− modulates the environment of the Li+ solvation sheath and facilitates fast desolvation kinetics. In addition, due to relatively smaller lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy than solvents, TFA− has a preferential reduction to produce a stable SEI with uniform distribution of LiF and Li2O. Such stable SEI effectively reduces the energy barrier for Li+ diffusion, contributing to low nucleation overpotential, fast ion transfer kinetics, and uniform Li+ deposition with high cycling stability. This work provides an alternative insight into the design of interface chemistry in terms of regulating anions in the Li+ solvation sheath. It is anticipated that this anion‐tuned strategy will pave the way to construct stable SEIs for other battery systems.