bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El ejercicio del cargo de patrono en las fundaciones, de Mª Eugenia Serrano Chamorro (Aranzadi, 2019)
Authors: Orejas Casas José Antonio 
Published: July 2020

Esta obra quiere destacar la importancia social de las fundaciones pero a la vez quiere reflejar la responsabilidad que la ley impone a las personas que actúan como patrones, lo cual puede ser una contradicción. Si el cargo es gratuito, si las personas actúan por el bien de la sociedad ¿Cómo se puede exigir una responsabilidad tan extrema? ¿Puede una fundación vivir sin patronos? ¿Los patronos asumen responsabilidades? ¿Los patronos pueden actuar de forma unipersonal? ¿Es necesario un patronato como órgano de una fundación? ¿Los patronos pueden apartarse de la voluntad del fundador? Éstas y muchas preguntas más se dan respuesta en esta obra.
Biotreatability of Crude Oil Polluted Aquatic Environment Using Indigenous Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria
Authors: Laurelta Tudararo-Aherobo , Sylvester Okotie , Tega Ataikiru , Avwerosuoghene Stephen 
Published: July 2020

Aim: The research aims to assess the biodegradability of crude oil polluted aquatic environment using indigenous hydrocarbon degrading bacteria.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in the Environmental Management and Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State.
Methodology: Hydrocarbon degrading bacteria species were isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soils, screened and used for the degradation of crude oil. 5% and 10% crude oil were used to spike the test microcosm. Physicochemical parameters such as, pH, turbidity, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and bacterial counts of the bioremediated crude oil contaminated water were monitored on Day 0, 7 and 14. The biodegradation of the crude oil was done with the various bacteria isolates singly and as a consortium. Standard methods of American Public Health Association (APHA) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) were used for the analysis.
Results: The isolates identified and used for the biodegradation process were, Azomonas sp., Enterococcus sp., Klebsiella sp. and Rhizobactersp. On day 14, in the microcosms with 5% crude oil contamination, Azomonas sp. recorded the highest turbidity reading of 328 ± 2.0 NTU, while Rhizobacter sp. recorded the least with 57.67 ± 0.58 NTU. The bacterial countswere between 7.68 ± 0.002 CFU/ml and 8.05 ± 0.10x 107 CFU/ml for Rhizobacter sp. and Azomonas sp. respectively.The crude oil was also degraded most in the microcosm treated with Azomonas sp. with a residual TPH concentration of 0.0013± 0.005 mg/l.For the 10% crude oil contaminated microcosms, TPH was also biodegraded most by Azomonas sp. with a value of 0.0026 ± 0.002mg/l. Turbidity readings were between 82 ± 1.0 NTU and 375.33 ± 0.57 NTU for Rhizobacter sp. and Azomonas sp. respectively. Bacterial counts were between (7.71± 0.012)x 107CFU/ml – (8.13± 0.001) x 107CFU/ml for Rhizobacter sp. and Azomonassp. respectively.
Conclusion:There wasincreased microbial countsand decrease of residual crude oil concentration, indicating degradation of the crude oil by all the isolates.However, Azomonas sp. recorded the highest TPH degradation for both the 5% and 10% crude oil contaminated microcosms.Thus, findings from the research indicate that hydrocarbon degrading bacteria exist in our environment and can be used in the remediation of aquatic polluted environment.
Para ler a Ásia no mundo de hoje: publicações globais sobre Ásia e políticas de circulação de conhecimento
Authors: Pinheiro Cláudio Costa 
Published: July 2020

<p>Em 2017, realizou-se a 7<sup>a</sup> Edição do Prêmio de Livros da 10<sup>a</sup> Reunião da Associação Internacional de Pesquisadores de Ásia (ICAS), do qual participei como jurado. O júri analisou e premiou as melhores publicações dentre as mais de trezentos e cinquenta sobre a Ásia no mundo, editadas entre 2014 e 2017. Este artigo parte do Prêmio de Livros da ICAS para discorrer sobre o processo de premiação, refletindo a respeito de como a coleção de publicações recebidas nesse triênio permite observar o quadro internacional dos Estudos Asiáticos. Finalmente, procuro discutir o lugar periférico do Sul Global no contexto internacional de Estudos Asiáticos.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Ásia - Publicações - Produção acadêmica internacional - Sul Global.</p><p dir="RTL"> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong></strong></p><p><em>In 2017, there occurred the 7<sup>th</sup> edition of the 10<sup>th</sup> ICAS (International Convention of Asian Scholars) Book Prize, in which I participated as member of the jury. The jury analyzed and awarded the best publications on Asian Studies edited between 2014 and 2017, selected from a total of more than three hundred and fifty publications submitted from all over the word. The aim of this article is to introduce the ICAS Books Prize judgment process and use it as a starting point to discuss how the collection of works submitted help analyzing the international framework of Asian Studies and, finally, to reflect on the peripheral position of the Global South within the international context of Asian Studies.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong>: <em>Asia - Publications - International academic production - Global South.</em></p>
DNA Micro‐Disks for the Management of DNA‐Based Data Storage with Index and Write‐Once–Read‐Many (WORM) Memory Features
Authors: Choi Yeongjae , Bae Hyung Jong , Lee Amos C. , Choi Hansol , Lee Daewon , Ryu Taehoon , Hyun Jinwoo , Kim Seojoo , Kim Hyeli , Song Suk‐Heung , Kim Kibeom , Park Wook , Kwon Sunghoon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDNA‐based data storage has attracted attention because of its higher physical density of the data and longer retention time than those of conventional digital data storage. However, previous DNA‐based data storage lacked index features and the data quality of storage after a single access was not preserved, obstructing its industrial use. Here, DNA micro‐disks, QR‐coded micro‐sized disks that harbor data‐encoded DNA molecules for the efficient management of DNA‐based data storage, are proposed. The two major features that previous DNA‐based data‐storage studies could not achieve are demonstrated. One feature is accessing data items efficiently by indexing the data‐encoded DNA library. Another is achieving write‐once–read‐many (WORM) memory through the immobilization of DNA molecules on the disk and their enrichment through in situ DNA production. Through these features, the reliability of DNA‐based data storage is increased by allowing selective and multiple accession of data‐encoded DNA with lower data loss than previous DNA‐based data storage methods.
Stoichiometric characteristics in Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis plantation of different ages
Authors: Yanghua Yu , Wei Zheng , Xinping Zhong , Bin Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe stoichiometry characteristics of Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis in different plantation ages (5, 10, 20, and 30 yr) in the canyon area of Guizhou Karst Plateau were studied by measuring the C, N, and P content of leaves, litter, and soil. The content of C, N, and P in leaves were 339.17−386.14, 20.95−23.65, and 1.18−1.72 g kg−1, respectively. Carbon and P increased gradually with the plant age, but N did not change significantly. The growth of leaves changed from P restricted to N restricted. Those facts indicate that the main factors of nutrition restriction vary with plantation age. The change of C in litter was not significant with the plantation age. The highest content of N and P were in the 20‐yr plantation. By increasing the decomposition rate of litter, Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis can adapt to the vulnerable habitat of the area. The content of C, N, and P in soil and the stoichiometric characteristics did not change significantly with the plantation age in spite of the overall P deficiency. The correlation of C, N, and P content in leaves, litter, and soil continuum of Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis plantation was low, and there was no significant interaction and interference, suggesting that the relationship of nutrient inheritance between the continuum of plantation needs further study. The results can set up a theory foundation for the Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis plantation nutrition management and ecosystem regulation and provide scientific basis for ecological construction and vegetation reconstruction in the canyon area of the Karst Plateau.
Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin inhibit interleukin‐8 secretion without disrupting human sinonasal epithelial integrity in vitro
Authors: Lim Dong‐Jin , Thompson Harrison M. , Walz Christopher R. , Ayinala Samrath , Skinner Daniel , Zhang Shaoyan , Grayson Jessica W. , Cho Do‐Yeon , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundWe recently developed a ciprofloxacin and azithromycin sinus stent (CASS) to target recalcitrant infections in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory activity of azithromycin released from the CASS and assess the impact on the integrity and function of primary human sinonasal epithelial cells (HSNECs).MethodsPseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated HSNECs were treated with azithromycin and/or ciprofloxacin at concentrations attainable from CASS release. Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) secretion was quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Epithelial integrity (transepithelial resistance [TEER], paracellular permeability [fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled dextran], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] assays) and function (ciliary beat frequency [CBF]) were also evaluated.ResultsAzithromycin significantly reduced secreted IL‐8 from P. aeruginosa LPS‐stimulated HSNECs at all concentrations tested (mean ± standard deviation; control = 5.77 ± 0.39 ng/mL, azithromycin [6 μg/mL] = 4.58 ± 0.40 ng/mL, azithromycin [60 µg/mL] = 4.31 ± 0.06, azithromycin [180 µg/mL] = 4.27 ± 0.26 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Co‐incubation with azithromycin (6 µg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (2.4 µg/mL) in LPS‐stimulated HSNECs also displayed a significant reduction in secreted IL‐8 when compared to P. aeruginosa LPS alone (co‐treatment = 4.61 ± 0.29 ng/mL, P. aeruginosa LPS = 7.35 ± 0.89 ng/mL, p < 0.01). The drugs did not negatively impact TEER, paracellular permeability, LDH release, or CBF, indicating retention of cell integrity and function.ConclusionAzithromycin decreased P. aeruginosa LPS IL‐8 production in HSNECs at drug concentrations attainable with sustained release of azithromycin from the CASS. In addition to antibacterial activity, anti‐inflammatory properties of the CASS should provide further benefit for patients with recalcitrant CRS.
Molecular Ligand‐Mediated Assembly of Multicomponent Nanosheet Superlattices for Compact Capacitive Energy Storage
Authors: Wu Guanhong , Li Tongtao , Wang Zhilei , Li Mingzhong , Wang Biwei , Dong Angang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInspired by the self‐assembly of nanoparticle superlattices, we report a general method that exploits long‐chain molecular ligands to induce ordered assembly of colloidal nanosheets (NSs), resulting in 2D laminate superlattices with high packing density. Co‐assembly of two types of NSs further enables 2D/2D heterostructured superlattices. As a proof of concept, co‐assembly of Ti3C2Tx and graphene oxide (GO) NSs followed by thermal annealing leads to MXene‐rGO superlattices with tunable microstructures, which exhibit significantly higher capacitance than their filtrated counterparts, delivering an ultrahigh volumetric capacitance of 1443 F cm−3 at 2 mV s−1. Moreover, the as‐fabricated binder‐free symmetric supercapacitors show a high volumetric energy density of 42.1 Wh L−1, which is among the best reported for MXene‐based materials in aqueous electrolytes. This work paves the way toward rational design of 2D material‐based superstructures for energy applications.
Dissolved oxygen concentration regulates human hepatic organoid formation from pluripotent stem cells in a fully controlled bioreactor
Authors: Farzaneh Zahra , Abbasalizadeh Saeed , Asghari‐Vostikolaee Mohammad‐Hassan , Alikhani Mehdi , Cabral Joaquim M. S. , Baharvand Hossein 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeveloping technologies for scalable production of human organoids has gained increased attention for “organoid medicine” and drug discovery. We developed a scalable and integrated differentiation process for generation of hepatic organoid from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in a fully controlled stirred tank bioreactor with 150 ml working volume by application of physiological oxygen concentrations in different liver tissue zones. We found that the 20–40% dissolved oxygen concentration [DO] (corresponded to 30–60 mmHg pO2 within the liver tissue) significantly influences the process outcome via regulating the differentiation fate of hPSC aggregates by enhancing mesoderm induction. Regulation of the [DO] at 30% DO resulted in efficient generation of human fetal‐like hepatic organoids that had a uniform size distribution and were comprised of red blood cells and functional hepatocytes, which exhibited improved liver‐specific marker gene expressions, key liver metabolic functions, and, more important, higher inducible cytochrome P450 activity compared to the other trials. These hepatic organoids were successfully engrafted in an acute liver injury mouse model and produced albumin after implantation. These results demonstrated the significant impact of the dissolved oxygen concentration on hPSC hepatic differentiation fate and differentiation efficacy that should be considered ascritical translational aspect of established scalable liver organoid generation protocols for potential clinical and drug discovery applications.
Heterogeneous diffusion in aerobic granular sludge
Authors: van den Berg Lenno , Kirkland Catherine M. , Seymour Joseph D. , Codd Sarah L. , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , de Kreuk Merle K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology allows simultaneous nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon removal in compact wastewater treatment processes. To operate, design, and model AGS reactors, it is essential to properly understand the diffusive transport within the granules. In this study, diffusive mass transfer within full‐scale and lab‐scale AGS was characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. Self‐diffusion coefficients of water inside the granules were determined with pulsed‐field gradient NMR, while the granule structure was visualized with NMR imaging. A reaction‐diffusion granule‐scale model was set up to evaluate the impact of heterogeneous diffusion on granule performance. The self‐diffusion coefficient of water in AGS was ∼70% of the self‐diffusion coefficient of free water. There was no significant difference between self‐diffusion in AGS from full‐scale treatment plants and from lab‐scale reactors. The results of the model showed that diffusional heterogeneity did not lead to a major change of flux into the granule (<1%). This study shows that differences between granular sludges and heterogeneity within granules have little impact on the kinetic properties of AGS. Thus, a relatively simple approach is sufficient to describe mass transport by diffusion into the granules.
Drivers of combined assurance in a sustainable development context: Evidence from integrated reports
Authors: Maroun Warren , Prinsloo Andre 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExternal assurance engagements performed by auditors and consultants to test sections of organisations' sustainability and integrated reports have become commonplace and are examined in detail by the prior research. Less often considered is how different types of internal and external sources of assurance form part of a combined assurance model that organisations rely on to ensure the integrity of information used for internal decision making and reporting to stakeholders. As a result, this paper offers an important contribution to the academic literature by providing one of the first reviews to deal specifically with the operation of combined assurance. The research considers if firm size and profitability, industry membership and select governance features are associated with the use of more sophisticated combined assurance models for ensuring relevant and reliable integrated reporting. Multiple regression, complemented by supplementary analysis, reveals that larger firms that are more profitable and members of environmentally and socially sensitive industries are not necessarily using extensive combined assurance models. These organisations rely on robust assurance methodologies, but the coverage of their combined assurance models is restricted. Similarly, board experience is substituting for the use of complex assurance methodologies. Board size and independence are only associated with a stronger commitment to implementing codes of best practice dealing with combined assurance but not with the coverage of the assurance models or the assurance methodologies being applied. The results may be indicative of the fact that internal controls and systems required to support integrated thinking and reporting are still in a developmental stage, making it difficult for them to be the subject of any formal verification by internal or external assurance providers.
Improving the learning of thickening design through graphical methods with the freeware software SMath studio
Authors: Gallardo‐Rodríguez Juan J. , Ruiz‐Ortega Ana , Navarro‐López Elvira , del Carmen Cerón‐García María , Beas‐Catena Alba , Sánchez‐Mirón Asterio , García‐Camacho Francisco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThickening consists of separating parts of a suspension by sedimentation under the force of gravity, to obtain a denser product and a clarified liquid. Depending on which part is needed to recover, the denser product or the pure liquid, we use the term thickening or clarification to define these operations. Thickener design is compulsory for chemical engineering (CE) curricula and is usually introduced in courses related to unit operations. Thickening design problems are solved by geometric methods (e.g., Coe–Clevenger or Kynch–Roberts methods). However, nowadays, computers play a more and more important role in CE practice. Both specific and general software solutions are essential. Whereas CE‐specific software is adequate for graduates and professionals, general mathematical software can also be used in class. They can help to deliver certain competences included in the vast majority of CE curricula. For CE introductory courses, software with integrated functions and friendly interfaces are generally preferred over those that require to be familiarized with programming languages. Here, we describe the use of SMath Studio in 2nd‐year engineering courses by nonfamiliarized students. SMath Studio is a comprehensive mathematical notebook, similar to Mathcad, but it is entirely free for personal or commercial use. In this study, student's opinion was surveyed. Around 70 students took part in the two‐phase survey. The use of SMath allowed students to better understand the theoretical basis, fostered critical thinking, and increased their motivation to apply this software for solving other engineering problems.
Acute kidney injury in cardiogenic shock: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sheikh Omar , Nguyen Tung , Bansal Shweta , Prasad Anand 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is an ominous predictor of mortality in cardiogenic shock. The present review examines the pathophysiology of AKI in cardiogenic shock (CS), summarizes the pertinent literature including the diagnostic criteria/definitions for AKI and possible role of biomarkers, and identifies risk factors and possible therapeutic interventions for AKI in CS. Our review finds that AKI is common in patients with CS and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Urinary biomarkers of renal tubular injury appear more sensitive for detection of AKI but have yet to be incorporated into daily practice. Emerging data would suggest vasopressor choices, mechanical circulatory support, and renal replacement therapy may have important therapeutic roles in the management of CS.
Caught in the Loop: Binding of the [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+ Light‐Switch Compound to Quadruplex DNA in Solution Informed by Time‐Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Devereux Stephen J. , Poynton Fergus E. , Baptista Frederico R. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur , Cardin Christine J. , Sazanovich Igor V. , Towrie Michael , Kelly John M. , Quinn Susan J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUltrafast time‐resolved infrared (TRIR) is used to report on the binding site of the [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+ “light‐switch” complex with both bimolecular (Oxytricha nova telomere) and intramolecular (human telomere) guanine‐quadruplex structures in both K+ and Na+ containing solutions. TRIR permits the simultaneous monitoring both of the “dark” and “bright” states of the complex and of the quadruplex nucleobase bases, the latter via a Stark effect induced by the excited state of the complex. These data are used to establish the contribution of guanine base stacking and loop interactions to the binding site of this biologically relevant DNA structure in solution. A particularly striking observation is the strong thymine signal observed for the Na+ form of the human telomere sequence, which is expected to be in the anti‐parallel conformation.
An Evolutionary Strategy for Identification of Higher Order, Green Fluorescent Host–Guest Pairs Compatible with Living Systems
Authors: Casey Garrett R. , Zhou Xinqi , Lesiak Lauren , Xu Bi , Fang Yuan , Becker Donald F. , Stains Cliff I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEngineered miniprotein host–small‐molecule guest pairs could be utilized to design new processes within cells as well as investigate fundamental aspects of cell signaling mechanisms. However, the development of host–guest pairs capable of functioning in living systems has proven challenging. Moreover, few examples of host–guest pairs with stoichiometries other than 2:1 exist, significantly hindering the ability to study the influence of oligomerization state on signaling fidelity. Herein, we present an approach to identify host–guest systems for relatively small green fluorescent guests by incorporation into cyclic peptides. The optimal host–guest pair produced a 10‐fold increase in green fluorescence signal upon binding. Biophysical characterization clearly demonstrated higher order supramolecular assembly, which could be visualized on the surface of living yeast cells using a turn‐on fluorescence readout. This work further defines evolutionary design principles to afford host–guest pairs with stoichiometries other than 2:1 and enables the identification of spectrally orthogonal host–guest pairs.
Continuous threshold models with two‐way interactions in survival analysis
Authors: Shuo Liu Shuo , Chen Bingshu E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProportional hazards model with the biomarker–treatment interaction plays an important role in the survival analysis of the subset treatment effect. A threshold parameter for a continuous biomarker variable defines the subset of patients who can benefit or lose from a certain new treatment. In this article, we focus on a continuous threshold effect using the rectified linear unit and propose a gradient descent method to obtain the maximum likelihood estimation of the regression coefficients and the threshold parameter simultaneously. Under certain regularity conditions, we prove the consistency, asymptotic normality and provide a robust estimate of the covariance matrix when the model is misspecified. To illustrate the finite sample properties of the proposed methods, we simulate data to evaluate the empirical biases, the standard errors and the coverage probabilities for both the correctly specified models and misspecified models. The proposed continuous threshold model is applied to a prostate cancer data with serum prostatic acid phosphatase as a biomarker.