bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualized Real‐Time and Spatial High‐Temperature Sensing in Air‐Stable Organic Films
Authors: Yao Feng , Kong Mengfei , Yan Bohan , Li Ying , Guo Qingyi , Li Jiewei , Wang Shuangqing , Guo Xudong , Hu Rui , Qian Yan , Fan Quli , Yang Guoqiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLarge‐area thin‐film thermometers for high‐temperature and wide‐range gradient thermosensing and thermomapping are difficult to realize, although they are crucial for scientific and industrial applications. Most luminophores encounter significant emission quenching at heating, and among them, inorganic metal‐based materials have difficulty forming uniform and large‐area‐compliant films. Herein, a series of heat‐resistant blue luminophores based on carbazolyl–pyrene‐substituted triarylphosphine oxides is developed. At a high temperature of 260 °C, their films still maintain high brightness (up to 79% of the original luminous intensity at –196 °C) due to the thermo‐populating of the bright high‐lying excited states. By hybridizing with a thermosensitive yellow chromophore presenting both excited state intramolecular proton transfer and J‐aggregation characteristics, fast‐responsive ratiometric film thermometers for air‐stable sensitive and spatial measurements in wide and high‐temperature range are realized. A wide sensitive thermo‐detection range of around 50–225 °C above room temperature is achieved with a relative sensitivity (Sr) higher than 1% K−1. The maximum Sr reaches 2.14% K−1 at 168 °C. Moreover, the films exhibit fast‐responsive (50 ms detectable) and large‐area (4 × 4 cm2) naked‐eye thermomapping capabilities, comparable to the infrared thermal imaging results. Double‐proof data encryption applying reversible emission thermo‐tuning is also demonstrated.
A Digital‐to‐Channel Microfluidic Interface via Inkjet Printing of Silver and UV Curing of Thiol–Enes
Authors: Sathyanarayanan Gowtham , Haapala Markus , Dixon Christopher , Wheeler Aaron R. , Sikanen Tiina M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicrofluidic sample manipulation is a key enabler in modern chemical biology research. Both discrete droplet‐based digital microfluidic (DMF) assays and continuous flow in‐channel assays are well established, each featuring unique advantages from the viewpoint of automation and parallelization. However, there are marked differences in the applicable microfabrication materials and methods, which limit the interfacing of DMF sample preparation with in‐channel separation systems, such as the gold standard microchip electrophoresis. Simultaneously, there is an increasing demand for low‐cost and user‐friendly manufacturing techniques to foster the adaptation of microfluidic technology in routine laboratory analyses. This work demonstrates integration of DMF with in‐channel separation systems using only low‐cost and accessible (non‐cleanroom) manufacturing techniques, i.e., inkjet printing of silver for patterning of the driving electrodes and UV curing of off‐stoichiometric thiol–ene (OSTE) polymers both for dielectric coating of the electrode arrays and replica molding of the microchannel network. As a dielectric, OSTE performs similar to Parylene C (a gold standard dielectric in electrowetting), whereas its tunable surface and bulk properties facilitate straightforward bonding of the microchannel with the dielectric layer. In addition, a new chip design that facilitates efficient droplet transfer from the DMF part to the microchannel inlet solely by electrowetting is showcased.
Using prior parameter knowledge in model‐based design of experiments for pharmaceutical production
Authors: Shahmohammadi Ali , McAuley Kimberley B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSequential model‐based design of experiments (MBDoE) uses information from previous experiments to select new experimental conditions. Computation of MBDoE objective functions can be impossible due to a noninvertible Fisher information matrix (FIM). Previously, we evaluated a leave‐out (LO) approach that designed experiments by removing problematic model parameters from the design process. Unfortunately, the LO approach can be computationally expensive due to its iterative nature. In this study, we propose a simplified Bayesian approach that makes the FIM invertible by accounting for prior parameter information. We compare the proposed simplified Bayesian approach to the LO approach for sequential A‐optimal design. Results from a pharmaceutical case study show that the proposed approach is superior, on average, for design of experiments. We suggest that simplified Bayesian MBDoE should be combined with a subset‐selection‐based approach for parameter estimation. This combined methodology gave the best results on average for the case study.
Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of IFT81: Associated ciliopathy syndrome
Authors: Ashraf Tazeen , Vaina Camelia , Giri Dinesh , Burren Christine P. , James Margaret , Offiah Amaka C. , Overton Timothy , Baptista Julia , Ellard Sian , Smithson Sarah F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShort‐rib polydactyly syndromes are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by narrow thorax with short ribs, polydactyly and often other visceral and skeletal malformations. To date there have only been six reported patients with homozygous and compound heterozygous variants in IFT81, causing a short‐rib thoracic dysplasia, with, or without, polydactyly (SRTD19: OMIM 617895). IFT81 is a protein integral to the core of the intraflagellar transport complex B (IFT‐B), which is involved in anterograde transport in the cilium. We describe the case of a male infant with compound heterozygous variants in IFT81, who presented with short long bones, a narrow thorax, polydactyly, and multiple malformations. Three novel clinical features are reported including complete situs inversus, micropenis, and rectal atresia, which have not previously been associated with variants in IFT81. We reviewed the literature and identified the most consistent clinical features associated with this rare ciliopathy syndrome. We postulate that dolichocephaly and sagittal craniosynostosis may be associated with this condition, and provide a clue to considering IFT81 as the causative gene when deciphering complex ciliopathies.
Roberts syndrome in an Indian patient with humeroradial synostosis, congenital elbow contractures and a novel homozygous splice variant in ESCO2
Authors: Schneeberger Pauline E. , Nayak Shalini S. , Fuchs Sigrid , Kutsche Kerstin , Girisha Katta M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRoberts syndrome (also known as Roberts‐SC phocomelia syndrome) is an autosomal recessive developmental disorder, characterized by pre‐ and postnatal growth retardation, limb malformations including bilateral symmetric tetraphocomelia or mesomelia, and craniofacial dysmorphism. Biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in ESCO2, which codes for establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N‐acetyltransferase 2, cause Roberts syndrome. Phenotypic spectrum among patients is broad, challenging clinical diagnosis in mildly affected individuals. Here we report a 3‐year‐old boy with a mild phenotype of Roberts syndrome with bilateral elbow contractures, humeroradial synostosis, mild lower limb disparity, and facial dysmorphism. Trio whole‐exome sequencing identified the novel biallelic splice variant c.1673+1G>A in ESCO2 in the patient. Aberrant ESCO2 pre‐mRNA splicing, reduced relative ESCO2 mRNA amount, and characteristic cytogenetic defects, such as premature centromere separation, heterochromatin repulsion, and chromosome breaks, in patient cells strongly supported pathogenicity of the ESCO2 variant affecting one of the highly conserved guanine‐thymine dinucleotide of the donor splice site. Our case highlights the difficulty in establishing a clinical diagnosis in individuals with minor clinical features of Roberts syndrome and normal intellectual and social development. However, next‐generation sequencing tools allow for molecular diagnosis in cases presenting with mild developmental defects.
Electrochemical Methods for Pd‐catalyzed C−H Functionalization
Authors: Erchinger Johannes E. , van Gemmeren Manuel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe activation and functionalization of C−H bonds using palladium catalysts has become an important part of a modern chemist toolbox, as it enables a range of highly useful transformations to be achieved in a single synthetic step. However, many established protocols for such C−H functionalizations rely on stoichiometric amounts of chemical oxidants, which are often expensive and/or toxic, and lower the atom efficiency. Striving for more sustainable transformations, electrochemistry has re‐emerged as an alternative atomless approach towards oxidation, potentially offering cheap and more user‐friendly methodologies. Herein we discuss recent endeavors to combined electrochemistry and Pd‐catalyzed C−H activation/functionalization, to achieve C−C, C−X, C−O and C−P bond formation.
Recovery of gallium by silica‐based polymer TBP/SiO2‐P obtained from hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Meng Jie‐Jie , He Chun‐Lin , Zhou Jie , Fujita Toyohisa , Ning Shun‐Yan , Wei Yue‐Zhou 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResin adsorption methods are widely used to recover gallium (Ga) from Bayer liquid. However, when the resin adsorbs Ga(III), a part of vanadium (V), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), calcium (Ca), and aluminum (Al) were coextracted with Ga and then was eluted together by using hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. These impurities would affect the recovery of high‐purity Ga by electrolysis. Ga‐bearing acid eluted solution treatment followed by secondary adsorption was used to purify Ga(III) by a porous silica‐based adsorbent tributyl phosphate (TBP)/SiO2‐P. The adsorption properties of Ga(III) by TBP/SiO2‐P from HCl were investigated. TBP/SiO2‐P exhibits significantly high selectivity toward Ga than other impurities with SFA/B is 3478 in 8 mol/L HCl solution. The adsorption capacity reaches 22.01 mg/g and adsorption equilibrium was obtained within 5 min. Moreover, Ga(III) is easy to be eluted by ultrapure water with a rate of 95.58%. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of Ga fit well with the pseudo‐first‐order model and Langmuir adsorption model, respectively. TBP/SiO2‐P is an excellent material to recover Ga(III) from HCl solution effectively and efficiently. Moreover, this work provides a potential candidate for purifying Ga from Bayer liquor by the two‐step method (purify and adsorb the desorption liquid containing Ga hydrochloride).Highlights
A silica‐polymer based adsorbent TBP/SiO2‐P was prepared through a simple vacuum impregnation method and use to purify Ga from Bayer liquor by the two‐step method.
A simple and efficient method for Ga purification was proposed with a high‐adsorption capacity and short equilibrium time.
In the coexisting ions mixed solution, TBP/SiO2‐P has a high‐selective toward Ga(III), Ultrapure water can effectively desorb Ga from adsorbent with the desorption rate of about 95.58%.
Zirconia‐Pillaring in Layered HNb3O8 and HNbMoO6
Authors: Wang Shuo‐Feng , Liu Shu‐Min , Li Bao‐Jun , Guo Xian‐Ji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, the pillaring of two layered niobium‐based oxides (HNb3O8 and HNbMoO6) with zirconia was investigated in detail. Two novel zirconia‐pillared layered metal oxides, zirconia‐pillared layered HNb3O8 and zirconia‐pillared layered HNbMoO6, have been successfully prepared. Both pillared products exhibited a higher thermal stability exceeding 673 K. For the pillaring of layered HNb3O8, two different pre‐expanding agents, 1‐dodecanamine and 1,12‐dodecanediamine, were alternatively used, and two kinds of zirconium‐pillaring solutions containing zirconium(IV) polyoxocations obtained through two different ways were employed. The 1,12‐dodecanediamine‐pre‐expanded layered intermediate was applicable and 1‐dodecanamine‐pre‐expanded one was not applicable to the intercalation of zirconium(IV) polyoxocations in interlayer regions of the layered niobium‐based oxides. More interestingly, the zirconium‐pillaring solutions prepared by using an appropriate amount of diethylene glycol as stabilizing agent was advantage for constructing the ordered zirconia‐pillared product, whereas the zirconium‐pillaring solutions obtained in the case of absence of diethylene glycol seemed not to conduct well an ions‐exchange reaction with the alkylamine‐pre‐expanded layered intermediates. The order degree of zirconia‐pillared layered transition metal oxides was closely related to the host sheets. The zirconia‐pillared layered HNb3O8 contained more defects, while the zirconia‐pillared layered HNbMoO6 had fewer defects.
The Surface Chemistry of Thin Lithium Metal Electrodes in Lithium‐Sulfur Cells
Authors: Lee Ming‐Tao , Liu Haidong , Brandell Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, we explore the surface chemistry of Li metal electrodes used in Li–S batteries when employing a very thin (30 μm) lithium metal foil. The foil thickness is instrumental for achieving a balanced cell with optimal energy density, but previous work has largely neglected how the change to thinner anodes will influence the critical surface phenomena in the cell. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used as the main characterisation tool to follow the evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the Li electrode, complemented by scanning electron microscopy. Based on the XPS analyses, the premature capacity fading observed for the cell with thin Li metal electrode could be ascribed to changes in the composition of the surface layer on the Li electrode, due to that the resulting rougher surface more rapidly consume the LiNO3 electrolyte additive. This highlights that mitigating the degradation mechanisms at the Li metal surface is of large importance when the Li electrode is scaled down for better cell balancing in Li−S cells.
Dissipation and residue determination of penicillin G and its two metabolites in citrus under field conditions by DSPE/UPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Zhou Jie , An Jiao , Dong Chao , Zhang Yaohai , Zhao Qiyang , Cui Yongliang , Jiao Bining 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA rapid determination method of residual penicillin G and its two metabolites in citrus was developed and validated by dispersive solid‐phase extraction and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (DSPE/UPLC–MS/MS). The samples were extracted with 80% acetonitrile and purified with octadecylsilane. High linearity was obtained with correlation coefficients (r2) >0.9981. The limits of quantification were 0.005–0.01 mg/kg. The recoveries of penicillin G and its metabolites spiked in blank citrus were within 76.7–107%, with relative standard deviations of 1.3–9.6%. The dissipation dynamics and distribution of penicillin G in citrus followed first‐order kinetics, with half‐life of 1.7–2.7 days. Penicillin G degraded easily in citrus and the metabolite was mainly penilloic acid, which can exist stably for long time. The terminal residues of penicillin G in pulp, whole citrus and peels were 0.015–0.701, 0.047–7.653 and 0.162–13.376 mg/kg, respectively. The hazard indexes for risk assessment of citrus were significantly <1, suggesting that the health risks to humans after consumption of citrus were insignificant and negligible. These results could provide necessary data for evaluating the safe and proper use of penicillin G in citrus.
Anti‐LGI1, anti‐GABABR, and Anti‐CASPR2 encephalitides in Asia: A systematic review
Authors: Ghimire Prinska , Khanal Ujjwal Prakash , Gajurel Bikram Prasad , Karn Ragesh , Rajbhandari Reema , Paudel Sunanda , Gautam Niraj , Ojha Rajeev 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimWe aim to review the literature to collate and describe features of encephalitides arising from autoantibodies against leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 (LGI1), gamma aminobutyric acid receptor (GABABR), and contactin‐associated protein‐like 2 (CASPR2) in Asian populations and compare them with findings of Western studies.MethodsPeer‐reviewed articles published till 24 May 2020 were searched, and original, full‐text studies from Asia with serum/CSF antibody‐based diagnosis and at least 2 patients were selected. Twenty‐four studies with 263 patients (139 anti‐LGI1, 114 anti‐GAGABR, and 10 anti‐CASPR2) were included. Data were pooled to produce descriptive information on demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnostics, treatments, and outcome.ResultsThe mean age was 54.2 (anti‐LGI1), 55.2 (anti‐GABABR), and 47.7 years (anti‐CASPR2), with an overall male predominance of 62.0%. Commonest clinical features across all types were seizures (87.5%), memory deficits (80.7%), psychiatric disturbances (75.9%), and altered consciousness (52.9%). Four anti‐LGI1, 40 anti‐GABABR, and 1 anti‐CASPR2 patients had tumors. CSF, MRI, and EEG were abnormal in 33.3%, 54.1%, and 75% patients in anti‐LGI1; 60.0%, 49.6%, and 85.7% in anti‐GABABR; and 50%, 44.4%, and 100% in anti‐CASPR2 patients, respectively. 95.6% patients received first‐line therapy alone (steroids/IVIG/Plasma therapy), and 4.4% received second‐line therapy (rituximab/cyclophosphamide). 91.7%, 63.6%, and 70% of patients had favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Score 0–2) with mortality rates at 2.5%, 23.2%, and 0% in the three types, respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that these disorders present in Asian patients at a relatively young age often with features of seizures, memory deficits, and psychiatric disturbances and usually demonstrate a favorable clinical outcome.
Pattern and impact of hepatic adverse events encountered during immune checkpoint inhibitors – A territory‐wide cohort study
Authors: Chan Stephen Lam , Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Tse Yee‐Kit , Yuen Becky Wing‐Yan , Luk Hester Wing‐Sum , Lui Rashid Nok‐Shun , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Mok Tony Shu‐Kam , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used in the treatment of cancers. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and prognostic impact of hepatic adverse events (AEs) in a territory‐wide cohort of patients who received ICIs.MethodsPatients were identified from a territory‐wide database who received ICIs in 2014‐2018. Hepatic AEs were defined as any elevation of liver biochemistries including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), or total bilirubin levels. Hepatic AEs were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0.ResultsTotal of 1480 patients were identified (mean age 60 years, male 65.5%) and the commonest malignancies being lung cancer (39.6%), liver cancer (16.5%), and gastrointestinal cancer (10.0%). Grade 1‐2 and grade 3‐4 hepatic AEs occurred in 41.3% and 14.9% of patients during ICI treatment, respectively. Patients with liver cancer had the highest rate of hepatic AEs (grade 1‐2:54.1%; grade 3‐4:32.8%). Among 711 patients with hepatic AEs, 383 (53.9%) had raised ALT/AST only, and 328 (46.1%) had concomitant raised ALT/AST and bilirubin levels. In the whole cohort, median overall survival of patients without any hepatic AEs, grade 1‐2 and grade 3‐4 hepatic AEs during ICI treatment was 9.0 months, 7.2 months, and 3.3 months (P < .001), respectively. Similar results on overall survival were obtained among different types of cancers.ConclusionsHepatic AEs occur in more than half of patients receiving ICIs for cancer treatment, with approximately 15% being grade 3‐4 AEs. Occurrence of hepatic AEs is associated with worse prognosis.
State of the Art of Hydrogen Production via Pyrolysis of Natural Gas
Authors: Schneider Stefan , Bajohr Siegfried , Graf Frank , Kolb Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFossil fuels have to be substituted by climate neutral fuels to contribute to CO2 reduction in the future energy system. Pyrolysis of natural gas is a well‐known technical process applied for production of, e. g., carbon black. In the future it might contribute to carbon dioxide‐free hydrogen production. Production of hydrogen from natural gas pyrolysis has thus gained interest in research and energy technology in the near past. If the carbon by‐product of this process can be used for material production or can be sequestrated, the produced hydrogen has a low carbon footprint. This article reviews literature on the state of the art of methane / natural gas pyrolysis process developments and attempts to assess the technology readiness level (TRL).
Identification of a novel HEXB Mutation in an Iranian Family with suspected patient to GM2‐gangliosidoses
Authors: Mansouri‐Movahed Fatemeh , Akhoundi Fatemeh , Nikpour Parvaneh , Garshasbi Masoud , Emadi‐Baygi Modjtaba 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSandhoff disease is one of the GM2‐gangliosidoses which is caused by a mutation in the HEXB preventing the breakdown of GM2‐ganglioside. We report a novel HEXB variant in a family with a history of a dead girl with Sandhoff disease which was not found in controls.
Silver‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition Approach to Coumarin‐Decorated Tetrazoles
Authors: Liu Xuan‐Yu , Zhai Shi‐Jing , Feng Fang‐Fang , Zhang Fa‐Guang , Ma Jun‐An 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA silver‐catalyzed regioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition transformation of coumarin‐diazo building blocks with arenediazonium salts was documented. This simple and scalable reaction pattern offers a variety of coumarin‐decorated tetrazoles in good yields with excellent regioselectivities.
Electrostatic Regulation of TEMPO Oxidation by Distal Molecular Charges
Authors: Zhang Long , Ciampi Simone , Gooding J. Justin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe define, experimentally, the effect of intramolecular electric fields, generated from the positive charge of ferricenium cations, over the oxidation potential of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperdinyloxy (TEMPO). We synthesized a TEMPO derivative, where the nitroxide is linked to a ferrocene unit. We have used this molecule to study the influence on the electrostatic cross‐talk between positively charged ferriceniums and TEMPO units by solvent dielectric, level of electrolytic support, and Lewis acid/base character of electrolyte ions. The magnitude of thermodynamic anodic shift of the TEMPO oxidation, after the ferrocene unit is converted to a ferricenium cation, increases with decreasing dielectric constant of the solvent, electrolytic concentration, and Lewis basicity strength (i. e. between ferriceniums and electrolyte anions). This work demonstrates an approach to use electrostatic forces, here delivered by intramolecular charged cations, to tune the oxidation energy for nitroxides in ionic solutions.
Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy: Identifying the research gaps and associated changes to clinical trial design
Authors: St. Germain Diane C. , O’Mara Ann M. , Robinson Jennifer L. , Torres Andrea D. , Minasian Lori M. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundTo the authors' knowledge, the empiric identification of agents and interventions to mitigate chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) has resulted in only 1 agent that modestly mitigates it and no agents or interventions that prevent its development. This speaks to the need for a mechanistic understanding of CIPN to develop effective interventions.MethodsTo understand the extent to which mechanistic understanding of CIPN is being translated into the development of interventions, the National Cancer Institute conducted a review of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)'s portfolio of investigator‐initiated grants, the literature regarding CIPN mechanisms, and the clinical trials listed in the ClinicalTrials.gov database from January 1, 2011, to May 22, 2019.ResultsA total of 69 NIH‐supported grants and 95 published articles were identified that evaluated mechanistic pathways of 7 different chemotherapy agents that cause CIPN. The review also identified 35 clinical trials that investigated agents or devices with which to treat CIPN. Only 3 trials incorporated a mechanistic rationale to support the choice of the intervention.ConclusionsTo the authors' knowledge, very little of the mechanistic understanding of the development of CIPN is being translated into intervention rationale in clinical trials that evaluate interventions to mitigate CIPN. Efforts to incentivize this translation are needed.