bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inversion of the Axial Information during Oxidative Aromatization in the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls with Organocatalysis as a Key Step
Authors: Koshino Seitaro , Takikawa Akira , Ishida Keiichi , Taniguchi Tohru , Monde Kenji , Kwon Eunsang , Umemiya Shigenobu , Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe pot‐economical, highly enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral biaryls was developed by using one‐pot organocatalyst‐mediated domino and aromatization reactions as key steps. The axial information of the precursor, which also has central chirality, was completely inverted in the final biaryls. The inversion of the axial information occurred in the conversion of the central chirality to the axial chirality of an oxidative aromatization step.
Influence of protogynous sex change on recovery of fish populations within marine protected areas
Authors: Easter E. E. , Adreani M. S. , Hamilton S. L. , Steele M. A. , Pang S. , White J. W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly implemented as a conservation tool worldwide. In many cases, they are managed adaptively: the abundance of target species is monitored, and observations are compared to some model‐based expectation for the trajectory of population recovery to ensure that the MPA is achieving its goals. Most previous analyses of the transient (short‐term) response of populations to the cessation of fishing inside MPAs have dealt only with gonochore (fixed‐sex) species. However, many important fishery species are protogynous hermaphrodites (female‐to‐male sex‐changing). Because size‐selective harvest will predominantly target males in these species, harvesting not only reduces abundance but also skews the sex ratio toward females. Thus the response to MPA implementation will involve changes in both survival and sex ratio, and ultimately reproductive output. We used an age‐structured model of a generic sex‐changing fish population to compare transient population dynamics after MPA implementation to those of an otherwise similar gonochore population and examine how different features of sex‐changing life history affect those dynamics. We examined both demographically open (most larval recruitment comes from outside the MPA) and demographically closed (most larval recruitment is locally produced) dynamics. Under both scenarios, population recovery of protogynous species takes longer when fishing was more intense pre‐MPA (as in gonochores), but also depends heavily on the mating function, the degree to which the sex ratio affects reproduction. If few males are needed and reproduction is not affected by a highly female‐biased sex ratio, then population recovery is much faster; if males are a limiting resource, then increases in abundance after MPA implementation are much slower than for gonochores. Unfortunately, the mating function is largely unknown for fishes. In general, we expect that most protogynous species with haremic mating systems will be in the first category (few males needed), though there is at least one example of a fish species (though not a sex‐changing species) for which males are limiting. Thus a better understanding of the importance of male fish to population dynamics is needed for the adaptive management of MPAs.
Electroconvulsive therapy treatment responsive multimodal brain networks
Authors: Qi Shile , Abbott Christopher C. , Narr Katherine L. , Jiang Rongtao , Upston Joel , McClintock Shawn M. , Espinoza Randall , Jones Tom , Zhi Dongmei , Sun Hailun , Yang Xiao , Sui Jing , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy is regarded as the most effective antidepressant treatment for severe and treatment‐resistant depressive episodes. Despite the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy, the neurobiological underpinnings and mechanisms underlying electroconvulsive therapy induced antidepressant effects remain unclear. The objective of this investigation was to identify electroconvulsive therapy treatment responsive multimodal biomarkers with the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale guided brain structure–function fusion in 118 patients with depressive episodes and 60 healthy controls. Results show that reduced fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations in the prefrontal cortex, insula and hippocampus, linked with increased gray matter volume in anterior cingulate, medial temporal cortex, insula, thalamus, caudate and hippocampus represent electroconvulsive therapy responsive covarying functional and structural brain networks. In addition, relative to nonresponders, responder‐specific electroconvulsive therapy related brain networks occur in frontal‐limbic network and are associated with successful therapeutic outcomes. Finally, electroconvulsive therapy responsive brain networks were unrelated to verbal declarative memory. Using a data‐driven, supervised‐learning method, we demonstrated that electroconvulsive therapy produces a remodeling of brain functional and structural covariance that was unique to antidepressant symptom response, but not linked to memory impairment.
Study on the role of calmodulin in sperm function through the enrichment and identification of calmodulin‐binding proteins in bovine ejaculated spermatozoa
Authors: Leclerc Pierre , Goupil Serge , Rioux Jean‐François , Lavoie‐Ouellet Camille , Clark Marie‐Ève , Ruiz Juliana , Saindon Andrée‐Anne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCalmodulin is a small, highly conserved acidic protein present at high levels in spermatozoa that mediates numerous intracellular Ca2+‐dependent events. Sperm motility and fertilizing ability results from an array of biochemical pathways under Ca2+ control, in which the importance of calmodulin is not fully understood. The role of calmodulin in sperm function has been mostly assessed using antagonists. Nevertheless, few known calmodulin‐regulated enzymes have been described in spermatozoa regarding their involvement in sperm function. To further understand the role of this important Ca2+ mediator in spermatozoa, different studies were also undertaken to investigate and to identify sperm calmodulin‐binding proteins and determine their localization and subcellular distribution as an attempt to elucidate the role of this important Ca2+ mediator. In the present study, sperm calmodulin‐binding proteins were identified by mass spectrometry after Ca2+‐dependent biotinylated‐calmodulin binding on sperm head proteins subjected to 2D electrophoresis and transferred on a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane. Calmodulin binding protein identification was also done on detergent extracted whole sperm proteins pulled down in a Ca2+‐dependent manner by calmodulin‐conjugated sepharose beads. In this latter group, 300 proteins were identified in at least two experiments out of three, and those identified in the three independent experiments were analyzed for overrepresented biological processes using the Bos taurus Gene Ontology database. Proteins with known function in reproductive processes, fertilization, sperm‐egg recognition, sperm binding to the zona pellucida, regulation of sperm capacitation, and sperm motility were identified and further emphasize the importance of calmodulin in sperm function.
Autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome crosstalk in neuroinflammation in aged bovine brains
Authors: De Biase Davide , Piegari Giuseppe , Prisco Francesco , Cimmino Ilaria , Pirozzi Claudio , Mattace Raso Giuseppina , Oriente Francesco , Grieco Edoardo , Papparella Serenella , Paciello Orlando 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that can sense several stimuli such as autophagy dysregulation and increased reactive oxygen species production stimulating inflammation by priming the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐18 in their active form. In the aging brain, these cytokines can mediate the innate immunity response priming microglial activation. Here, we describe the results of immunohistochemical and molecular analysis carried out on bovine brains. Our results support the hypothesis that the age‐related impairment in cellular housekeeping mechanisms and the increased oxidative stress can trigger the inflammatory danger sensor NLRP3. Moreover, according to the recent scientific literature, we demonstrate the presence of an age‐related proinflammatory environment in aged brains consisting in an upregulation of interleukin‐1β, an increased microglial activation and increased NLRP3 expression. Finally, we suggest that bovine may potentially be a pivotal animal model for brain aging studies.
Vulnerable and resilient cognitive performance related to early life stress: The potential mediating role of dopaminergic receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult mice
Authors: Tractenberg Saulo G. , Orso Rodrigo , Creutzberg Kerstin C. , Malcon Luiza M. C. , Lumertz Francisco S. , Wearick‐Silva Luis Eduardo , Viola Thiago W. , Riva Marco A. , Grassi‐Oliveira Rodrigo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRationaleExposure to early life stress (ELS) is known to have pronounced effects on the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, not all individuals exposed to ELS manifest the same neurobiological and cognitive phenotypes when adults. Dopamine signaling could be a key factor in understanding the effects of stress on PFC‐related cognitive function.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the differential effects of ELS on cognitive performance of adult mice and the dopaminergic receptors expression in the PFC.MethodsBALB/c males were exposed to the maternal separation (MS) procedure and their cognitive performance on the eight‐arm radial maze (8‐RAM) were assessed during adulthood. For molecular‐level assessments, we performed mRNA expression analyses for dopamine receptors—DRD1, DRD2, DRD3—and Hers1 expression in the medial PFC.ResultsWhile MS produced an overall impairment on 8‐RAM, the stressed animals could be divided in two groups based on their performance: those with impaired cognitive performance (vulnerable to maternal separation, V‐MS) and those without any impairment (resilient to maternal separation, R‐MS). V‐MS animals showed increased DRD1 and DRD2 expression in comparison with other groups. Errors on 8‐RAM were also positively correlated with DRD1 and DRD2 mRNA expression.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a potential role of the dopaminergic system in the programming mechanisms of cognitive vulnerability and resilience related to ELS.
Communication of genetic information to at‐risk relatives during the multidisciplinary monitoring of vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome in a French referral clinic
Authors: Mazzella Jean‐Michaël , Adham Salma , Frank Michael , Legrand Anne , Lahlou‐Laforêt Khadija , Jeunemaitre Xavier 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare inherited disorder leading to arterial, digestive, and uterine complications due to pathogenic COL3A1 variants. Identification of causal variants allows family screening, provided that relatives have previously been informed, according to a 2013 French Decree. The aims of our study were to assess the communication of genetic information to at‐risk relatives, the impact of diagnosis disclosure and to highlight a possible link between the experience of vEDS patients and ability to communicate about genetic information. A total of n = 51 vEDS adult probands answered a questionnaire during a clinical visit. Communication to relatives was considered effective if the proband gave information to some or all first‐degree relatives and considered easily achieved if it was disclosed to all relatives less than a month after the diagnosis and without difficulty. Personal and family vEDS experiences of probands were also assessed. Effective communication of information to relatives was remarkably high (98%). Siblings were the most frequently informed relatives (82%). Women informed their at‐risk relatives of genetic family screening faster (p = .006) and easier (p = .004) than men. There was no difference in the disclosure of information to relatives before and after 2013 in our multidisciplinary clinic. Regarding the lived experience of vEDS patients, they felt anxious (78%) at diagnosis disclosure but also considered this diagnosis as an opportunity to start a medical follow‐up (82%) putting an end to diagnosis delay. Our findings highlight for the first time that the ability to easily inform at‐risk first‐degree relatives is related to the relief felt during vEDS‐positive diagnosis disclosure (p = .04). In order to improve the communication of genetic information to relatives, we believe that psychological support should systematically be part of the multidisciplinary monitoring, just as medical follow‐up and genetic counseling.
Impacts of climate anomalies on the interannual and interdecadal variability of autumn and winter haze in North China: A review
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Yanju , Ding Yihui , Wu Ping , Zhu Zhiwei , Xu Ying , Li Qiaoping , Zhang Yingxian , He Jinhai , Wang Julian X. L. , Qi Li 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFrom the perspectives of remote sensing and climatic factors like surface meteorological parameters, large‐scale atmospheric circulations, and external forcing factors (EFFs), the authors synthesize and review spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5 over North China and how climate anomalies affect autumn and winter haze variability in North China according to recent studies. This review focuses on both interannual and interdecadal timescales. It is shown that circulations play an important role in influencing haze variability. Atmospheric circulations, which would be modulated by EFFs like sea surface temperature, sea ice, and snowpack, can affect the climate variability in haze over North China via modulation of surface‐layer parameters that are closely connected with the haze phenomenon. Therefore, EFFs are deemed significant factors impacting the climate variability of haze over North China, serving as paramount precursory signals for haze prediction. Furthermore, this paper suggests potential future research directions for haze variability studies in North China on the basis of summarizing and concluding the associated processes/mechanisms on how climatic factors affect haze variability, which could provide reference for treating and forecasting in situ hazy conditions.
Flexible versus rigid laryngoscopy: A randomized crossover study comparing patient experience
Authors: Clark Bhavishya S. , Gao William Z. , Bertelsen Caitlin , Choi Janet S. , Shoffel‐Havakuk Hagit , Reder Lindsay S. , Hapner Edie R. , Johns Michael M. , O'Dell Karla 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo compare flexible distal‐chip laryngoscopy (FDL) versus rigid telescopic laryngoscopy (RTL) in regard to examinees' pain level, comfort, satisfaction, and preference, and to evaluate the clinician's assessment of the examinees' experience with both exam types.Study DesignRandomized crossover study.MethodsTwenty‐three normal adult subjects were recruited to undergo both FDL and RTL; the initial exam type was randomized. Subjects and clinicians completed corresponding questionnaires after each exam. Differences in participant characteristics and questionnaire scores between the two exam types were assessed via Pearson χ2 and paired t tests, respectively.ResultsOverall, participants reported that FDL was more uncomfortable than RTL (4.22 vs. 2.91, P = .003) and scored higher on the pain scale for FDL compared to RTL (2.91 vs. 1.70, P = .006). However, there was no significant difference in number of participants who preferred FDL versus RTL (10 [43%] vs. 13 [57%]). Poor correlation was seen between clinicians' assessment of participants' discomfort and actual reported discomfort for FDL (2.70 vs. 4.22, P = .001).ConclusionsSubjects undergoing FDL experience greater discomfort and pain compared to RTL, but do not demonstrate a differential preference of exam. Overall, clinicians underestimate the discomfort of patients undergoing FDL, but participants maintain high satisfaction with both exams nonetheless.Level of Evidence1 Laryngoscope, 130:2663–2666, 2020
Comparing the Ability of Two Comprehensive Clinical Staging Systems to Predict Mortality: EOSS and CMDS
Authors: Ejima Keisuke , Xavier Neena A. , Mehta Tapan 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveDifferences in discriminative and predictive ability for all‐cause mortality of two clinical staging systems, the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) and Cardiometabolic Disease Staging (CMDS), were estimated.MethodsData for nonpregnant persons aged 40 to 75 years were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Predictive and discriminative ability was assessed using pseudo‐R2 and C‐statistics. Median years of life lost were also computed for each score.ResultsDifferences in out‐of‐sample estimates of pseudo‐R2 and C‐statistics (EOSS model as reference) were 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01‐0.04) (Kent pseudo‐R2), 0.03 (0.01‐0.04) (Royston pseudo‐R2), and 0.02 (0.01‐0.02) (C‐statistics). The median years of life lost for EOSS scores 2 and 3 (low to high risk) for a reference person were 1.19 and 6.76 years. Those for CMDS scores 1, 2, 3, and 4 (low to high risk) were 1.53, 2.90, 3.91, and 8.51 years. Consistent results from the in‐sample estimates were observed.ConclusionsCMDS had statistically significantly greater predictive and discriminative ability than EOSS for persons aged 40 to 75. While the clinical relevance of these differences is unknown, CMDS may have greater clinical utility given that it uses fewer items to risk stratify. The clinical relevance and utility need to be studied further.
Impact of Life Events on Short‐Term Change in BMI in Early and Middle Childhood
Authors: Weber Zachary A. , Shoben Abigail , Anderson Sarah E. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThe accumulation of adverse events in childhood is linked to obesity, although the short‐term (1 to 2 years) dynamics of weight change during life events has not been investigated.MethodsIn the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, mothers reported life events in the past year when their children were 54 months, 9 years, and 11 years old. Children's height and weight were measured, and BMI‐for‐age z scores were calculated at 36 and 54 months and at 7, 9, 10, and 11 years. The estimated 1‐ and 2‐year change in BMI z score of being in the highest quartile of negative and total life events was modeled using linear regression accounting for repeated measures.ResultsAnalyses included 1,074 children. The highest quartile of negative life events was not statistically associated with BMI z score change at 2 years compared with those below the highest quartile (estimate: 0.069, 95% CI: −0.006, 0.144). Similarly, the highest quartile of total events was not related to BMI z score change (estimate: 0.029, 95% CI: −0.054, 0.114). The developmental period of the child did not moderate the association.ConclusionsNo significant change in BMI z score was observed in 1 to 2 years for children experiencing many life events.
The effects of strategy and institutions on value creation and appropriation in firms: A longitudinal study of three telecom companies
Authors: Kern Philipp , Gospel Howard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryStrategic management has come to pay more attention to value creation and appropriation (VCA) among the firm's stakeholders, including customers, capital owners, and employees. Existing research has conceptualized this as a strategic choice bounded by the bargaining power of each stakeholder group, which, we argue, risks misattributing outcomes by neglecting structural constraints. Instead, these dynamics need to be understood within the wider institutional context shaping the behavior of managers and stakeholders. Using a question‐driven mixed‐methods approach, we investigate the evolution of VCA in three telecom companies located in different institutional systems—British Telecom, Deutsche Telekom, and Telecom Italia. Our findings suggest that national institutional and firm strategic effects must be considered together to understand patterns of VCA among stakeholders.Managerial SummaryUsing an emerging methodology, we quantify how three telecom firms (British Telecom, Deutsche Telecom, and Telecom Italia) have created and distributed economic value since privatization. Our focus is on explaining the extent to which various stakeholders—employees, customers, capital owners, and government—were able to appropriate the value created by the firms. Some similarities are found across the three companies, but we also found major differences. To explain patterns, we bring together (a) strategic decision making by managers within the firm and (b) constraints imposed by institutions outside the firm. We find both to be important, interlinked drivers of distributional patterns. The article gives managers and stakeholders a means to understand major changes and determinants of value creation and distribution.
Orthogonality: Developing a structural/perspectival approach for improving theoretical models
Authors: Wallis Steven E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn order to create more useful theories we must attempt to choose better concepts (variables). Although we may strive to identify “independent” variables, that effort is problematic because we live in a world where everything is connected; also, attempting to obtain even nominally independent variables may require sophisticated analytical methodologies available only to well‐funded researchers and practitioners. To help resolve those problems, and so provide an improved path for developing more useful theories, we explore the notion of orthogonality as a tool for rethinking concepts in a theory, from a structural perspective, in a way that clarifies research opportunities (from a data perspective) and clarifies situational/theoretical perspectives (from a relevance perspective).