bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of an Observational Social Skill Assessment as a Measure of Social Cognition in Autism
Authors: Simmons Grace Lee , Ioannou Sara , Smith Jessica V. , Corbett Blythe A. , Lerner Matthew D. , White Susan W. 
Published: October 2020

Models of impaired social competence in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) highlight deficits in social cognition and social behavior. The Contextual Assessment of Social Skills (CASS) is a laboratory‐based assessment of conversation ability in which participants interact with trained confederates who act interested (CASS‐I) and bored (CASS‐B), sequentially. The increased ecological validity of the CASS allows for better generalization to real‐world social situations. Participants' perceptions of confederate behavior, assessed by the CASS Conversation Rating Scale (CRS), might offer additional utility as a metric of social cognition. The current study examined CASS confederate behavior (adherence to interested or bored condition) and both internal validity and convergent validity of the CASS as a measure of social behavior and social cognition. Fifty adolescents with ASD participated as part of a multisite randomized clinical trial. Adherence ratings were consistent across gender and site, with interested confederates significantly out‐performing bored confederates. The ability to distinguish between interested and bored confederates was positively associated with CASS social behavior and social cognition tasks, although social behavior during the CASS was not consistently associated with parent‐rated social behavior. Controlling for confederate behavior did not significantly alter these associations. Findings demonstrate strong internal validity of the CASS and, partially, external validity of the CASS as a measure of social cognition. Findings highlight nuanced differences in social behavior and social cognition. The CASS shows promise as an outcome measure for clinical interventions and should be incorporated into a multimethod battery to assess social competence in individuals with ASD.Lay summarySocial cognition and social behavior should be studied together to examine social competence in youth with autism. The Contextual Assessment of Social Skills (CASS), a behavioral observation measure, shows promise toward this end; findings suggest the CASS taps social cognition and social behavior when administered alongside a participant rating scale of their conversation partner's engagement. Continued research, including examination of the CASS, may inform best practices in comprehensive assessment of social competence in autism. Autism Res 2021, 14: 709–719. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
microRNA‐196a‐5p inhibits testicular germ cell tumor progression via NR6A1/E‐cadherin axis
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Fan Ziling , Li Ye , Li Zhilan , Zhou Zhuan , Yu Xuehui , Wan Jingyu , Min Ziqian , Yang Lifang , Li Dan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTesticular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are a diverse group of neoplasms that are derived from dysfunctional fetal germ cells and can also present in extragonadal sites. The genetic drivers underlying malignant transformation of TGCTs have not been fully elucidated so far. The aim of the present study is to clarify the functional role and regulatory mechanism of miR‐196a‐5p in TGCTs. We demonstrated that miR‐196a‐5p was downregulated in TGCTs. It can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of testicular tumor cell lines including NT‐2 and NCCIT through targeting the NR6A1 gene, which we proved its role in promotion of cell proliferation and repression of cellular junction and aggregation. Mechanistically, NR6A1 inhibited E‐cadherin through binding with DR0 sites in the CDH1 gene promoter and recruiting methyltransferases Dnmt1. Further, NR6A1 promoted neuronal marker protein MAP2 expression in RA‐induced neurodifferentiation of NT‐2 cells and testicular tumor xenografts. Clinical histopathologically, NR6A1 was positively correlated with MAP2, and negatively correlated with E‐cadherin in TGCTs. These findings revealed that the miR‐196a‐5p represses cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor neurogenesis by inhibition of NR6A1/E‐cadherin signaling axis, which may be a potential target for diagnosis and therapy of TGCTs.
The effects of 5‐OP‐RU stereochemistry on its stability and MAIT‐MR1 axis
Authors: Matsuoka Takuro , Motozono Chihiro , Hattori Akira , Kakeya Hideaki , Yamasaki Sho , Oishi Shinya , Ohno Hiroaki , Inuki Shinsuke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an abundant subset of innate‐like T lymphocytes. MAIT cells are activated by microbial riboflavin‐derived antigens, such as 5‐(2‐oxopropylideneamino)‐6‐d‐ribitylaminouracil (5‐OP‐RU), when presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I‐related protein (MR1). We have synthesized all stereoisomers of 5‐OP‐RU to investigate the effects of its stereochemistry on the MR1‐dependent MAIT cell activation and MR1 upregulation. The analysis of MAIT cell activation by these 5‐OP‐RU isomers revealed that the stereocenters at the 2’‐ and 3’‐OH groups in the ribityl tail are crucial for the recognition of MAIT‐TCR, whereas that of 4’‐OH group does not significantly affect the regulation of MAIT cell activity. Furthermore, kinetic analysis of complex formation between the ligands and MR1 suggested that 5‐OP‐RU forms a covalent bond to MR1 in cells within 1 hour. These findings provide guidelines for designing ligands that regulate MAIT cell functions.
Skeletal Cu7S4 Nanocages Wrapped by Few‐Layered Black Phosphorus Nanosheets as an Efficient H2 Production Photocatalyst
Authors: Bhavani P. , Praveen Kumar D. , Putta Rangappa A. , Hong Yul , Gopannagari Madhusudana , Amaranatha Reddy D. , Kyu Kim Tae 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSuperstructures with hollow cage‐like hierarchical ordering play a predominant role in various applications owing to their unique properties, such as low density, an interior void, a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, and excellent permeability for charge and mass transport. Low‐cost hollow cage‐like copper sulfide superstructures are competitive candidates for optical and electrochemical applications because of their outstanding conductivity and extensive number of active sites. Thus, we synthesized crystallinity‐controlled nanotwinned polyhedral‐skeletal‐type copper sulfide cages (Cu7S4). Further, these cages were wrapped by few‐layered black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets using simple strategies and tested for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The BP/Cu7S4 hybrid material exhibited improved hydrogen production, i. e., 0.475 μmol h−1, which was 14‐fold greater than that achieved using pristine Cu7S4 cages under optimal conditions. The enhanced activity was attributed to effective charge‐carrier separation and transportation owing to the advanced unique properties of skeletal‐type Cu7S4 cages and few‐layered BP nanosheets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a BP‐nanosheet‐wrapped Cu7S4 system for photocatalytic hydrogen production. This system combining skeletal hollow cages with BP nanosheets is a new, fascinating, and inspiring approach for photocatalytic water‐splitting applications.
An Account of the Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of Carbohydrate‐Derived Renewable Platform Chemicals over Non‐Precious Heterogeneous Metal Catalysts
Authors: Shivhare Atal , Kumar Abhinav , Srivastava Rajendra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSustainable and eco‐friendly catalytic processes for renewable lignocellulose biomass conversion into liquid fuels and useful chemicals offer solutions to minimize greenhouse gases emission and associated negative climate impacts. Lignocellulose derived cellulose and hemicellulose can be converted into platform chemicals including glucose, fructose, xylose, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, levulinic acid, levulinate esters, etc. These platform chemicals can be subsequently converted into liquid fuels and value‐added chemicals using heterogeneous catalytic processes such as; oxidation, hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, etc. The catalytic transfer hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis (CTH) over non‐precious metal catalysts have recently drawn considerable research interest. This review summarizes recent progress on non‐precious metals catalyzed CTH processes, which also include photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, for the transformation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, levulinic acid, and, levulinate esters into furfuryl alcohol, 2‐methylfuran, 2,5‐dimethylfuran, and, gamma‐valerolactone; elucidate structure‐function relationship and highlights the underlying reaction mechanisms. This review is timely and provides detailed fundamental insights about the nature of active sites and CTH processes that will be useful for the researchers willing to work in this exciting area.
Computational Fluid Dynamics versus Experiment: An Investigation on Liquid Weeping of Nye Trays
Authors: Abbasnia Sadegh , Shafieyoun Vali , Golzarijalal Mohammad , Nasri Zarrin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe weeping phenomenon was investigated using some experimental tests and a numerical model. The tests were performed within a 1.22‐m‐diameter pilot‐scale column including two chimney trays and two Nye test trays with an air‐water system. The rates of weeping were measured in the Nye trays with two heights of the weir and a hole area of 5 %. Moreover, the weeping rates in the outlet and inlet halves of the Nye tray and the total weeping rate were calculated. In the next step, an Eulerian‐Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was used. The results show good agreement between the attained CFD findings and the experimental data.
Crystallinity of Silicon Nanoparticles: Direct Influence on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Ulvestad Asbjørn , Reksten Anita H. , Andersen Hanne F. , Carvalho Patricia A. , Jensen Ingvild J. T. , Nagell Marius U. , Mæhlen Jan Petter , Kirkengen Martin , Koposov Alexey Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of silicon (Si) in the form of nanoparticles is one of the most promising routes for boosting the capacity of modern Li‐ion batteries. Many parameters influence the performance of Si making the comparison of materials complicated. The present work demonstrates a direct comparison of Si nanoparticles with amorphous and crystalline structures prepared through the same chemistry with the same particle size and morphology. The amorphous Si nanoparticles with an average diameter of 100 nm were synthesized through silane pyrolysis, and their crystalline analogues were obtained through subsequent annealing not altering size or morphology of the nanoparticles. Such direct comparison allows evaluation of the specific impact of crystallinity on the material's performance. From electrochemical analysis of these materials, the electrodes prepared from amorphous nanoparticles were found to exhibit improved cycle life compared to electrodes prepared from crystalline nanoparticles when the delithiation capacity of the anode was limited to 1000 mAh/gSi.
Synthesis of Mixed‐Functionalized Tetraacylgermanes
Authors: Püschmann Sabrina D. , Frühwirt Philipp , Pillinger Michael , Knöchl Andreas , Mikusch Marlene , Radebner Judith , Torvisco Ana , Fischer Roland C. , Moszner Norbert , Gescheidt Georg , Haas Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTetraacylgermanes are known as highly efficient photoinitiators. Herein, the synthesis of mixed tetraacylgermanes 4 a–c and 6 a–e with a nonsymmetric substitution pattern is presented. Germenolates are crucial intermediates of these new synthetic protocols. The synthesized compounds show increased solubility compared with symmetrically substituted tetraacylgermanes 1 a–d. Moreover, these mixed derivatives reveal broadened n–π* absorption bands, which enhance their photoactivity. Higher absorption of these new compounds at wavelengths above 450 nm causes efficient photobleaching when using an LED emitting at 470 nm. The quantum yields are in the range of 0.15–0.57, depending on the nature of the aroyl substituents. On the basis of these properties, mixed‐functionalized tetraacylgermanes serve as ideal photoinitiators in various applications, especially in those requiring high penetration depth. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, NMR and CIDNP spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy, photolysis experiments, and X‐ray crystallography. The CIDNP data suggest that the germyl radicals generated from the new tetraacylgermanes preferentially add to the tail of the monomer butyl acrylate. In the case of 6 a–e only the mesitoyl groups are cleaved off, whereas for 4 a–c both the mesitoyl and the aroyl group are subject to α‐cleavage.
Ultrastructural localization of glutamate delta 1 (GluD1) receptor immunoreactivity in the mouse and monkey striatum
Authors: Hoover Andrew H. , Pavuluri Ratnamala , Shelkar Gajanan P. , Dravid Shashank M. , Smith Yoland , Villalba Rosa M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe glutamate receptor delta 1 (GluD1) is strongly expressed in the striatum. Knockout of GluD1 expression in striatal neurons elicits cognitive deficits and disrupts the thalamostriatal system in mice. To understand the potential role of GluD1 in the primate striatum, we compared the cellular and subcellular localization of striatal GluD1 immunoreactivity (GluD1‐IR) in mice and monkeys. In both species, striatal GluD1‐IR displayed a patchy pattern of distribution in register with the striosome/matrix compartmentation, but in an opposite fashion. While GluD1 was more heavily expressed in the striosomes than the matrix in the monkey caudate nucleus, the opposite was found in the mouse striatum. At the electron microscopic level, GluD1‐IR was preferentially expressed in dendritic shafts (47.9 ± 1.2%), followed by glia (37.7 ± 2.5%), and dendritic spines (14.3 ± 2.6%) in the matrix of the mouse striatum. This pattern was not statistically different from the labeling in the striosome and matrix compartments of the monkey caudate nucleus, with the exception of a small amount of GluD1‐positive unmyelinated axons and axon terminals in the primate striatum. Immunogold staining revealed synaptic and perisynaptic GluD1 labeling at putative axo‐dendritic and axo‐spinous glutamatergic synapses, and intracellular labeling on the surface of mitochondria. Confocal microscopy showed that GluD1 is preferentially colocalized with thalamic over cortical terminals in both the striosome and matrix compartments. These data provide the anatomical substrate for a deeper understanding of GluD1 regulation of striatal glutamatergic synapses, but also suggest possible extrasynaptic, glial, and mitochondrial GluD1 functions.
The Collective Power of Genetically Encoded Protein/Peptide Tags and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Biological Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Macias‐Contreras Miguel , Zhu Lei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenetically encoded protein or peptide tags and bioorthogonal chemistry are two growing classes of tools in cell biological research. A protein or peptide tag could be genetically fused to a protein of interest (POI) in the same manner as fluorescent proteins (FPs). An enzymatic ligation step would then follow to deliver a chemical entity, such as a dye or a probe with properties unattainable from FPs, to the tag, and consequently to the tethered POI. Bioorthogonal chemistry refers to a collection of (mostly) bimolecular conjugation reactions that are fine‐tuned to occur efficiently in a biological environment without the interference to or from the resident (bio)molecules or ions. These two areas of research have been developed independently and more or less concurrently. The combined use of them could expand the utilities of both tools, which is advocated in this Review. The mechanisms and utilities of protein or peptide tags and bioorthogonal chemistry are briefly reviewed separately in the first two sections, while in the third section the examples that utilize both protein or peptide tags and bioorthogonal chemistry are enumerated. Each tool and the strategy of their deployment carry their own advantages and disadvantages, and the selection of a particular tool depends on a given problem. The advances and combined use of the two topical areas are driven by the emerging challenges in illuminating the ever‐finer details of biological structures and actions.
Decreasing resection rates for nonmetastatic gastric cancer in Europe and the United States
Authors: Huang Lei , Jansen Lina , Balavarca Yesilda , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , Ruurda Jelle P. , Van Eycken Liesbet , De Schutter Harlinde , Johansson Jan , Lindblad Mats , Johannesen Tom B. , Zadnik Vesna , Žagar Tina , Mägi Margit , Bastiaannet Esther , Lagarde Sjoerd M. , van de Velde Cornelis J.H. , Schrotz‐King Petra , Brenner Hermann 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundResection is the cornerstone of curative treatment for many nonmetastatic gastric cancers (GCs), but the population treatment patterns remains largely unknown. This large international population‐based study aimed at investigating the treatment patterns and trends for nonmetastatic GC in Europe and the United States and at exploring factors associated with resection.MethodsData of patients with microscopically confirmed primary invasive GC without distant metastasis from the national cancer registries of the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Norway, Slovenia, and Estonia and the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐18 Program were retrieved. Age‐standardized treatment rates were computed and trends were evaluated using linear regression. Associations of resection with patient and tumor characteristics were analyzed using multivariable‐adjusted log‐binomial regression. Analysis was performed in each country respectively without pooling.ResultsTogether 65 707 nonmetastatic GC patients diagnosed in 2003‐2016 were analyzed. Age‐standardized resection rates significantly decreased over years in all countries (by 4‐24%). In 2013‐2014, rates varied greatly from 54 to 75%. Patients with increasing ages, cardia cancers, or cancers invading adjacent structure were significantly less frequently resected. Resection was further associated with sex, performance status, comorbidities, tumor histology, tumor size, hospital type, and hospital volume. Association patterns and strengths varied across countries. After multivariable adjustment, resection rates remained decreasing (prevalence ratio = 0.97‐0.995 per year), with decreasing trends consistently seen in various subgroups.ConclusionsNonmetastatic GCs were less frequently resected in Europe and the United States in the early 21st century. Resection rates varied greatly across countries and appeared not to be optimal. Various factors associated with resection were revealed. Our findings can help to identify differences and possibly modifiable places in clinical practice and provide important novel references for designing effective population‐based GC management strategies.

In Europe and the United States, nonmetastatic gastric cancers were less frequently resected in the early 21st century.
Resection rates varied greatly across countries and appeared not optimal.
Various factors associated with resection were revealed.
Our findings identify differences and possibly modifiable places in clinical practice and provide important novel references for designing effective population‐based management strategies.
Highly Durable Ag‐CuO Heterostructure‐Decorated Mesh for Efficient Oil/Water Separation and In Situ Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
Authors: Li Jiakai , Lv Changpeng , Liu Xuehua , Jiao Zhengbo , Liu Na 
Published: October 2020

It is of great necessity yet still a challenge to develop superwetting functional interfacial materials for simultaneously separating insoluble oil and degrading soluble dye pollutants in practical wastewater. In this work, a Ag‐CuO heterostructure‐decorated mesh was fabricated via facile alkali etching‐calcination and photoreduction approaches. The as‐synthesized mesh with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity displayed high separation efficiency (>99.998%) for diverse oil/water mixtures. Besides, it demonstrated more superior photocatalytic performance in dye degradation than those of bare CuO nanostructure‐coated materials, which is primarily attributed to the intensive visible light harvesting and efficient electron‐holes separation occurred on noble metal‐semiconductor heterostructures. Furthermore, on account of the tenacity of Cu substrate as well as enhanced structural stability, this binary composite‐decorated mesh exhibited highly reliable durability and robustness after 10 cycles of photocatalytic degradation tests, and even being ultrasonic worn for 30 min. More importantly, our developed mesh was capable of in situ catalytic degrading water‐soluble organic dyes during oil/water separation under visible light irradiation. Therefore, such a dexterous and feasible strategy may afford a new route to construct bifunctional and predurable materials for actual sewage purification.
Exploring correlates of improved depression symptoms and quality of life following tai chi exercise for patients with heart failure
Authors: Luberto Christina M. , Coey Charles A. , Davis Roger B. , Wayne Peter M. , Crute Sydney , Yeh Gloria Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTai chi exercise has been shown in a prior randomized controlled trial to improve depression symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in patients with heart failure (HF), but correlates of these improvements are not well known. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to explore whether tai chi is associated with improvements in biopsychosocial and behavioural measures and whether such improvements are correlated with improved depression and QoL.Methods and resultsParticipants were n = 100 adults with chronic systolic HF (mean age = 67.4, SD = 12.0; 64% male; 96% White; New York Heart Association class = 1–3) randomized to a 12 week tai chi exercise intervention or health education control. Constructs of interest included social support, exercise self‐efficacy, activity engagement, sense of coherence, and inflammatory biomarkers. Tai chi was associated with increased everyday activity engagement compared with the health education group (P < 0.05), but there were no group differences in social support or sense of coherence. Among tai chi participants, improved self‐efficacy was correlated with QoL (r = 31, P = 0.05), and there was a trend toward improved depression symptoms and social support (r = −0.22, P = 0.13). Among all participants, controlling for intervention group, improved sense of coherence, and inflammation (C‐reactive protein) were associated with improved depression symptoms, and improved self‐efficacy, sense of coherence, and frequency of activity engagement were associated with improved QoL.ConclusionsTai chi exercise promotes inter‐related psychosocial improvements for patients with HF. A range of biopsychosocial and behavioural variables are relevant to mood management in patients with HF.