bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of filamentous fungi and mycotoxins in wrapped forages in Sweden and Norway and their relation to chemical composition and management
Authors: Schenck Jessica , Müller Cecilia , Djurle Annika , Jensen Dan Funck , O’Brien Martin , Johansen Astrid , Rasmussen Peter Have , Spörndly Rolf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA study was conducted on 124 farms in Sweden and Norway where fungal (all farms) and mycotoxin (100 of the 124 farms) presence was examined in wrapped forage bales. Samples were also analysed for chemical composition, and data on the bale production and storage system on each farm were collected. Fungi, analysed by three common sampling methods, were found in bales from 89% of the visited farms (110 farms). The most frequently isolated fungal species from the bale surface was Penicillium roqueforti. Mycotoxins were present in 39% of the 100 samples analysed. The most common mycotoxins present were enniatin B (14 farms) followed by deoxynivalenol (12 farms). The risk of finding fungi in baled forage samples was higher with odds ratio (OR) of 5.1 when less than eight layers of stretch film were applied, low seal integrity of wrapping (OR 172 at <10 s of seal integrity), higher dry‐matter content (OR 1.17–1.56 per % unit DM) and higher concentrations of acetic acid (OR 47.5 per g DM) and ethanol (OR 3.4 per g DM). Mycotoxin presence was not found to be correlated with any of the chemical characteristics of the baled forage, or with any forage production and management factors. A positive correlation was present between total fungal counts and general mycotoxin presence, but not between specific mycotoxins and the toxin‐producing fungal species.
The effect of pretreatment submucosal injections of tramadol and dexamethasone on post‐endodontic pain in mandibular molar teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Aksoy F. , Ege B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo establish the effects of submucosal single doses of two medicines on postoperative pain after root canal treatment in mandibular molar teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.MethodologyIn this randomized controlled, double‐blind clinical trial, 90 patients with the diagnosis of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in their mandibular first or second molars were included and randomly divided into three groups (n = 30): a control group that received normal saline and two experimental groups that received a single dose of either tramadol (100 mg 2 mL−1) or dexamethasone (8 mg 2 mL−1). After local anaesthesia and before treatment, submucosal injections were administered into the mucobuccal fold adjacent to the mandibular molars, and a routine single‐visit root canal treatment procedure was performed in all groups. After the root canal treatments, the patients were asked to score their pain level using the Heft–Parker visual analogue scale (0–170 mm) at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The experimental groups were compared using one‐way anova or Kruskal–Wallis H‐test. The groups that were significantly different were compared pairwise using Student's t‐test or the Mann–Whitney U‐test. The findings were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or median (min‐max). The categorical variables were tested using the chi‐square test or Fisher's exact chi‐square test, and the results were expressed as counts and percentages.ResultsAt the 6‐h and 48‐h time intervals, the intensity of pain was significantly less in both the dexamethasone and tramadol groups than in the control group (P < 0.0167). At the end of 12 h, the pain level in the dexamethasone group was significantly less compared to the other groups (P < 0.0167).ConclusionsPretreatment submucosal dexamethasone and tramadol injections significantly diminished post‐treatment endodontic pain of patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis following single‐visit root canal treatment. However, dexamethasone was more effective than tramadol in pain reduction in the first 12 h.
Total and trimester‐specific gestational weight gain and infant anthropometric outcomes at birth and 6 months in low‐income Hispanic families
Authors: Deierlein Andrea L. , Messito Mary Jo , Katzow Michelle , Berube Lauren Thomas , Dolin Cara D. , Gross Rachel S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe total and trimester‐specific gestational weight gain (GWG) among low‐income Hispanic women and determine whether these GWG exposures are associated with infant anthropometric outcomes at birth and 6 months.Study DesignData were from 448 mother‐infant pairs enrolled in the Starting Early child obesity prevention trial. Prenatal weights were used to calculate total GWG and 2nd and 3rd trimester GWG rates (kg/week) and categorized as inadequate, adequate, and excessive according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations. Multivariable linear and modified Poisson regressions estimated associations of infant anthropometric outcomes (birthweight, small‐for‐gestational age [SGA], large‐for‐gestational age [LGA], rapid weight gain, and weight‐for‐age, length‐for‐age, and weight‐for‐length z‐scores at 6 months) with GWG categories.ResultsFor total GWG, 39% and 27% of women had inadequate and excessive GWG, respectively. 57% and 46% had excessive GWG rates in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, respectively, with 29% having excessive rates in both trimesters. Inadequate total GWG was associated with lower infant weight and length outcomes (ß range for z‐scores = −0.21 to −0.46, p < 0.05) and lower risk of LGA (adjusted Relative Risk, aRR = 0.38; 95% confidence intervals, CI: 0.16, 0.95) and rapid weight gain (aRR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.51, 1.00). GWG rates above recommendations in the 2nd trimester or 2nd/3rd trimesters were associated with greater weight outcomes at birth and 6 months (ß range for z‐scores = 0.24 to 0.35, p < 0.05).ConclusionsCounseling women about health behaviors and closely monitoring GWG beginning in early pregnancy is necessary, particularly among populations at high‐risk of obesity.
“Towards a Global Vision of the Church”
Authors:   Study Group II Working on Ecclesiology Subgroup 1, Boukis Sotiris , Ghazaryan Drissi Ani , Mielcarek Krzysztof 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAfter the publication of The Church: Towards a Common Vision (TCTCV) in 2013, the major task and challenge for the Faith and Order Commission's Study Group II has been the progress of the multilateral ecumenical dialogue on ecclesiology. The two subgroups of Study Group II have been working in close cooperation with each other, focusing on two major ways to achieve this progress.The focus of Subgroup 2 has been to harvest the fruits of the official responses to TCTCV. This is being done by the collection and analysis of the official responses to TCTCV, the identification of some key themes and issues that emerge from them, and the evaluation of how they point to the next steps. So far 74 responses have been received; however, geographically speaking, there has been essentially no response from the global South (there have been no responses from Africa, no responses from Latin America, and one from Asia); and, denominationally speaking, roughly 10 percent of the responses come from churches or streams that have not been part of the “traditional” ecumenical movement.Nevertheless, the latter regions and denominational families are crucial: they represent the largest and fastest‐growing part of global Christianity, and thus it is impossible to have a really “universal” and contemporary‐sensitive approach to ecclesiology without substantial input from them. Many of them have also not always been clearly or strongly part of the ecclesiological conversation before TCTCV, and thus it is even more important to include them from now on, and be enriching the multilateral ecclesiological conversation with their contributions as well.Hence, the focus of Subgroup 1 has been to broaden the table of ecclesiological dialogue, by getting into more and wider conversations with ecclesiological perspectives from regions (especially from Asia, Africa, and Latin America), denominational families (e.g., evangelical, Pentecostal, Independent churches, etc.), and forms of being church (e.g., movements, new monasticism, online churches, etc.) “which have not always been clearly or strongly part of discussions on the way to TCTCV, and whose understandings of ecclesiology we want to discover and to enter into dialogue with” (Caraiman minutes, p. 55; cf. Krakow report p. 1).
State‐level estimates of excess hospitalizations and deaths associated with influenza
Authors: Czaja Christopher A. , Miller Lisa , Colborn Kathryn , Cockburn Myles G. , Alden Nisha , Herlihy Rachel K. , Simões Eric A. F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundNational estimates of influenza burden may not reflect state‐level influenza activity, and local surveillance may not capture the full burden of influenza.MethodsTo provide state‐level information about influenza burden, we estimated excess pneumonia and influenza (P&I) and respiratory and circulatory (R&C) hospitalizations and deaths in Colorado from local hospital discharge records, death certificates, and influenza virus surveillance using negative binomial models.ResultsFrom July 2007 to June 2016, influenza was associated with an excess of 17 911 P&I hospitalizations (95%CI: 15 227, 20 354), 30 811 R&C hospitalizations (95%CI: 24 344, 37 176), 1,064 P&I deaths (95%CI: 757, 1298), and 3828 R&C deaths (95%CI: 2060, 5433). There was a large burden of influenza A(H1N1) among persons aged 0‐64 years, with high median seasonal rates of excess hospitalization among persons aged 0‐4 years. Persons aged ≥65 years experienced the largest numbers and highest median seasonal rates of excess hospitalization and death associated with influenza A (H3N2). The burden of influenza B was generally lower, with elevated median seasonal rates of excess hospitalization among persons aged 0‐4 years and ≥65 years.ConclusionsThese findings complement existing influenza surveillance. Periodic state‐level estimates of influenza disease burden may be useful for setting state public health priorities and planning prevention and control initiatives.
The potential of additive manufacturing technologies and their processing parameters for the fabrication of all‐ceramic crowns: A review
Authors: Methani Mohammad Mujtaba , Revilla‐León Marta , Zandinejad Amirali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis article aims to provide a review of the additive manufacturing technologies and the processing parameters that have been investigated for the fabrication of all ceramic crowns.OverviewAdditive manufacturing has crept its way into the field of dentistry for the fabrication of resin and metal prosthesis. To evaluate the current status of additive manufacturing for the fabrication of all ceramic crowns, literature review was targeted to include publications pertaining to the fabrication of dental ceramics and all ceramic crowns. With respect to the additive manufacturing of dental ceramics, five technologies have been investigated to date: stereolithography, material extrusion, powder based fusion, direct inkjet printing, and binder jetting. The processing parameters and experimental outcomes were collated and described for each of the aforementioned technologies.ConclusionAdditive manufacturing has demonstrated promising experimental outcomes and corroborated to the fabrication all ceramic crowns. However, the technology is yet to witness a commercial breakthrough within this domain.Clinical SignificanceAdditive manufacturing mitigates raw material wastage and tooling stresses that are associated with milling of ceramics. Continued research and development can lead to its approbation as an alternate technology for manufacturing all ceramic restorations.
Understanding Determinants of Sustainability Through a Realist Investigation of a Large‐Scale Quality Improvement Initiative (Lean): A Refined Program Theory
Authors: Flynn Rachel , Scott Shannon D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundImplementation science research seeks to understand ways to best ensure uptake of research‐based initiatives to health care; however, there is little research done on how to sustain such efforts. Sustainability is the degree to which an initiative continues to be used in practice after efforts of implementation have ended. Sustainability research is a growing field of implementation science that needs further research to understand how to predict and measure the long‐term use of effective initiatives to improve health care. The question of what influences the sustainability of research‐based initiatives to improve health care remains unknown.PurposeThe purpose of this article was to present a refined program theory on the contextual factors and mechanisms that influence the sustainability of one large‐scale quality management initiative (Lean) in pediatric health care.DesignWe conducted a multiphase realist investigation to explain under what contexts, for whom, how, and why Lean efforts are sustained or not sustained in pediatric health care through the generation of an explanatory program theory.MethodsThis article presents the theoretical triangulation of our multiphase realist investigation, resulting in a refined program theory. We integrated the initial program theories (IPTs) from each research phase to form a refined program theory. It involved going back and forth from the initial IPT to the findings from each phase and our middle‐range theories and examining the most substantiated IPTs on the contextual factors and mechanisms that influenced the sustainability of Lean efforts.FindingsThe refined program theory depicts the complex nature to sustaining Lean efforts and that sustainability as a small, often unrepresentative portion of something much larger or more complex that cannot yet be seen or understood. The approach and nature of implementation is critical to shaping contexts for sustainability. Outcomes from implementation become facilitating or hindering contexts for sustainability. Customization to context is an important contextual factor for sustainability. Sense making, value congruency, and staff engagement are critical aspects from early implementation that enable or hinder processes of sustainment. Such mechanisms can trigger staff empowerment that can lead to a greater likelihood of sustainability.ConclusionsThese findings have important implications for sustainability research, in understanding the determinants of sustainability of research‐based initiatives in health care.Clinical RelevanceIt is important to understand and explain determinants of sustainability through theory‐driven evaluative research in order to assist key stakeholders in sustaining the effective research‐based initiatives made to improve healthcare services, patient care, and outcomes.
Using multiple data analysis methods to guide makeup remover wipe optimization in a design of experiments consumer home use test
Authors: Xing Huaxing , Vaught Claudette , Chambers Edgar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo stay ahead of the competition companies often look at the product category for optimization. A consumer design of experiments study was conducted with various analyses to understand the best product feature combinations for maximizing consumer acceptance and purchase intent (PI) for makeup remover wipes. A blind, sequential monadic, 6‐weeks home use test with a balanced incomplete block design was conducted with 963 consumers in the United States and United Kingdom. Eighteen prototypes were selected with different combinations of four factors (formula, thickness, weight, and lotion add‐on). Each participant evaluated six of the 18 prototypes. Weekly online questionnaires were used to capture questions covering overall liking (OL), PI, skin feel, texture of the fabric, and so on. A simulation model was generated to identify the best factor combination with highest PI and OL for product optimization. Driver's analysis; sensitivity analysis, a new method not often used in the sensory and consumer research; and penalty analysis provided more in‐depth understanding of product performance. The learning from this study guided the product development team to determine the factor combination for the product optimization and provide direction on future planning for the category.Practical applicationsThe use of multiple analyses with studies such as a design of experiment or other category appraisal type studies can provide additional information to researchers and help to identify both those aspects that drive acceptance or purchase intent as well as those factors that could reduce consumer interest. Although the information sometimes may appear “at odds with each other,” careful study often provides insights that may have been lost without the additional analyses.
Positive effects of dietary supplementation of three probiotics on milk yield, milk composition and intestinal flora in Sannan dairy goats varied in kind of probiotics
Authors: Ma Zhen‐Zhu , Cheng Yu‐Yang , Wang Sheng‐Qi , Ge Jian‐Zhen , Shi Huai‐Ping , Kou Jian‐Cun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effects ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae(SC),Bacillus subtilis(BS) andEnterococcus faecalis(EF), singly and in combination, on the dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, and faecal microflora of Saanen dairy goats. Fifty goats were randomly divided into five groups: (a) basal diet (control); (b) basal diet + SC; (c) basal diet + BS; (d) basal diet + EF; and (e) basal diet + mixed probiotics. Each treated animal received 5 g/d of probiotics for a total administration of 5 × 1,011 CFU/goat per day. The inclusion ofB. subtilisandE. faecalisin the diet of lactating Saanen goats increased DMI (p < .05). Enhanced milk yield was observed with BS and EF. Milk fat percentage was significantly increased by feeding mixed probiotics compared with the control (p < .05); supplying SC, BS and mixed probiotics enhanced the protein percentage (p < .05). The milk lactose percentage in the SC and BS groups was higher than in the control (p < .05). The amount of milk total solids was higher after feeding EF or mixed probiotics than in the control group (p < .05). Non‐fat solids showed no notable differences among groups (p > .05). There was no significant influence on gut bacterial abundance and diversity from adding these three probiotics, singly or in combination.Bacteroidales,Escherichia–ShigellaandChristensenellaceaeabundances were decreased by supplying these probiotics butSuccinivibrionaceaeincreased. In conclusion, there were positive influences of probiotic feed supplementation on intake, milk performance and intestinal microecology.
Nutritional status of Tajik children and women: Transition towards a double burden of malnutrition
Authors: Barth‐Jaeggi Tanja , Zandberg Lizelle , Bahruddinov Mutribjon , Kiefer Sabine , Rahmarulloev Sherali , Wyss Kaspar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe double burden of malnutrition, an emerging concern in developing countries, can exist at various levels: individual, household, and population. Here, we explore the nutritional status of Tajik women (15–49 years) and children (5–59 months) focusing on overweight/obesity along with undernutrition (underweight, stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies). For this, nutritional markers (haemoglobin (Hb), transferrin receptor (TfR), serum ferritin (Sf), retinol binding protein (RBP), vitamin D, serum folate, and urinary iodine), height, and weight were assessed from 2,145 women and 2,149 children. Dietary intake, weaning, and breastfeeding habits were recorded using a 24‐hr recall and a questionnaire. Overweight (24.5%) and obesity (13.0%) are increasing among Tajik women compared with previous national surveys (2003 and 2009). Prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia was 38.0% and 25.8%, respectively; 64.5% of women were iodine deficient, 46.5% vitamin A deficient, and 20.5% had insufficient folate levels. Women in rural areas had significantly lower iron status and body mass index and higher iodine intake compared with urban areas; 20.9% of children were stunted, 2.8% wasted, 6.2% underweight, 52.4% iron deficient, and 25.8% anaemic; all more prominent in rural areas. Dietary diversity was higher among urban women. Intraindividual or household double burden was not seen. In summary, double burden of malnutrition constituted an increase in overweight among women, especially in urban areas, and persisting levels of undernutrition (stunting, iron, and vitamin A deficiency), predominately in rural areas. A holistic, innovative approach is needed to improve infant and young children feeding and advise mothers to maintain an adequate diet.
Short‐term impact of an oral health program for adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Bizarra Maria de Fátima , Ribeiro Graça Sandra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of an oral health program for institutionalized individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and their caregivers, after 2 and 6 months.MethodsSixty‐two CP individuals in four homes were selected for intervention group (n = 31) and control group (n = 31). An oral hygiene practices questionnaire was applied to all caregivers at the baseline. Both groups received awareness sessions, practical demonstration of toothbrushing and adaptive techniques with role‐play. In the study group, individual oral hygiene monitoring was also performed in the first 2 months. A gingival and an oral hygiene indexes were performed at the beginning, after 2 and 6 months of intervention.ResultsThere was a significant reduction of gingival (p < 0.001) and oral hygiene (p < 0.001) indexes at 2 and 6 months in the intervention group with the most significant reductions at 2 months. Caregivers reported opening the mouth (84.6%) and swallowing toothpaste (61.5%) as the most important difficulties in performing toothbrushing.ConclusionIt was found that frequent and individualized monitoring of plaque control was essential to reduce dental plaque and gingivitis levels and that awareness sessions were not enough to produce clinically significant result.
A generalized semiparametric regression and its efficient estimation
Authors: Lin Lu , Liu Lili , Cui Xia , Wang Kangning 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe investigate a generalized semiparametric regression. Such a model can avoid the risk of wrongly choosing the base measure function. We propose a profile likelihood to efficiently estimate both parameter and nonparametric function. The main difference from the classical profile likelihood is that the profile likelihood proposed is a functional of the base measure function, instead of a function of a real variable. By making the most of the structure information of the semiparametric exponential family, we get an explicit expression of the estimator of the least favorable curve. It ensures that the new profile likelihood is computationally simple. Due to the use of the least favorable curve, the semiparametric efficiency is achieved successfully and the estimation bias is reduced significantly. Simulation studies can illustrate that our proposal is much better than the existing methodologies for most cases under study, and is robust to the different model conditions.