bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are CMV-predictive scores in inflammatory bowel disease useful in clinical practice?
Authors: Störkmann Hedwig , Rödel Jürgen , Stallmach Andreas , Reuken Philipp A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Concurrent cytomegalovirus (CMV) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related colitis is an important scenario associated with high rates of colectomy and other morbidity. Due to the low incidence of CMV, testing of all patients is associated with an unacceptably high consumption of resources and delay in treatment. Therefore, several predictive scores have been developed to identify patients at risk for a CMV infection.
Methods We performed a retrospective single center study in a German University hospital including all IBD patients with available data on CMV-PCR analysis in whole blood between 2010 and 2018 and evaluated 2 prognostic scores for CMV infection for their diagnostic accuracy.
Results In the study, 907 patients with IBD and CMV-PCR were identified. Of them, 21 patients (2.3 %) had a positive CMV-PCR (≥ 1000 copies/mL), 14 of them in ulcerative colitis and 7 in Crohn’s disease. The Berlin Score identified 667 patients (73.1 %) as potentially CMV-positive, resulting in a positive predictive value of 2.5 % and a negative predictive value of 98.3 %. In contrast, the Münster Score identified 60 patients as potentially CMV-positive, resulting in a PPV of 20 % and an NPV of 99.4 %.
Conclusions Scoring systems can help to identify patients at risk for a CMV infection and minimize resource consumption and delay in treatment. Due to low incidence, a 2-step-algorithm, consisting of the Münster Score followed by a CMV-PCR if the score indicates a CMV infection, is preferable.
Knee Kinetics in Baseball Hitting and Return to Play after ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Giordano Kevin , Chaput Meredith , Anz Adam , Braziel Jeremy , Andrews James , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the knee kinetics of baseball hitting,
develop a tool to predict knee kinetics from easily obtainable measures, and to
compare knee kinetics to other exercises along the rehabilitation continuum to
determine a timeline for when hitting may resume after ACL reconstruction.
Nineteen high school baseball athletes (16.3±0.8 yrs,
180.6±5.7 cm, 78.4±10.8 kg) participated.
Participants took ten swings off a tee. Kinetic data were recorded using an
electromagnetic tracking system. Data from swings with the top three exit
velocities were averaged for analysis. Linear regressions were used to determine
if predictors of height, mass, age and exit velocity could predict the following
torques: bilateral knee net, extension, internal and external rotation, valgus
and varus torque; and anterior force. Backwards regression models revealed
independent variables could significantly predict front knee net, internal and
external rotation, extension, and varus torque, and anterior force; and back
knee net and valgus torque. Based on the kinetics of baseball hitting compared
to those of rehabilitation exercises, if the involved knee is the front, we
suggest tee hitting may be initiated at 13 weeks after ACL reconstruction. If
the involved knee is the back, we suggest tee hitting may initiated at 17 weeks
after ACL reconstruction.
Myasthenia Gravis Related to Thymic Carcinoma: A Case Study
Authors: Lopes Daniel Thomas Pereira , Gomes Samila Marissa Pinheiro , Siqueira Sheila Aparecida Coelho , Frassetto Fernando Pereira , Sampaio Pedro Henrique Martins Arruda , Moreno Cristiane Araujo Martins , Rocha Maria Sheila Guimarães , Estephan Eduardo Paula 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMyasthenia gravis and thymoma are often presented in association with ∼10% of myasthenic cases having concomitant thymoma. Thymic carcinoma is one of the rarest/aggressive human epithelial tumors and has no correlation with myasthenia gravis hitherto. Here is provided a clinical case and review of literature on a very rare association of thymic carcinoma (with no sign of thymoma) and myasthenia gravis (antiacetylcholine receptor antibody positive). Two years after thymectomy, clinical evolution was satisfactory. This clinical case elicits hypothesis that thymic carcinoma may be related with myasthenia gravis, what may have good prognostic from oncologic and neurologic perspectives.
Nurses’ Perception about Stakeholders’ Image of a Nurse
Authors: De Braganca Ana Vaz , Nirmala R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction The diversity in the public image about nurses, the nursing profession, and the comprehension about the true functions and domains of nurses’ job engagement is one of the powerful contrivances that impact nurses’ self-esteem and authority, and recruitment and retention in the health industry.Objective This study aims at identifying the difference between nurses’ perception about the different stakeholders’ image of a nurse.Methods Self-reports on nurses’ perception about doctors’ image of a nurse, patients’ image of a nurse, other hospital staffs’ image of a nurse, and self-perception about a nurse were collected from a sample of 749 registered nurses selected using stratified random sampling from different settings across the state. Data were collected using an adapted version of the Porter Nursing Image Scale.Results Data were tested for the mean and standard deviation (SD); and within-subjects difference using the general linear model and repeated measures analysis of variance indicated a difference in the nurses’ perception about image of a nurse with respect to doctors (mean = 53.22; SD = 6.5), patients (mean = 51.91; SD = 6.9), other hospital staff (mean = 53.05; SD = 6.8), and self (mean = 58.36; SD = 6.9), with F(2.625, 1963.5) = 352.656, p < 0.000, and R 2 = 0.32.Conclusion The findings indicate a difference in the nurses’ perception about the stakeholders’ image of a nurse. This research suggests the need for strategies toward promoting positive nurse image among stakeholders.
Term-formation methods in the Gamo language
Authors: Gelagay Almaz Wasse 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This research describes the techniques used to form terms in
the Gamo language, an Omotic language of Afro-asiatic family spoken in South-Western
Ethiopia. The introduction of Gamo as a medium of instruction in primary education
and as a language subject for all grade levels requires the creation of new terms
for concepts that do not already exist in the language. A number of new terms were
formed to facilitate the teaching and learning of language, science and mathematics
education. This research followed linguistic and communicative approaches, as
illustrated in Antia (2000: 39, 44), to
describe techniques of term-formation and to analyse features of the terms in line
with the linguistic properties of Gamo. To this end, lexical data were collected
from language and mathematics textbooks prepared in the Gamo language. Data were
also gathered from native speakers who participated in textbook preparation and
terminology works. According to the data, borrowing, compounding, blending,
initialism, paraphrasing and semantic extension were applied to form terms pertinent
to education in the Gamo language. The most frequent mechanisms were borrowing,
followed by compounding, but few terms were formed by blending and paraphrasing.
Sociolinguistic functions of the secret language of Gurage females
Authors: Hailu Tessema Etaferahu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the sociolinguistic functions of
the secret language spoken by a minority group within the Gurage,1 namely the Fedwet. This is the name of the speakers and the
linguistic variety, mainly used by women who were followers of a former local
religious tradition in Gurage found in southern Ethiopia. The qualitative approach
of data gathering and analysis was used. Primary data were gathered by elicitation
of words, recording of free texts and interviews. A total of 20 consultants
participated in the interview, 12 of them also participating in the elicitation of
words and the performance of texts. The interview responses were quantified for a
descriptive statistical analysis. It was found that the sociolinguistic functions of
Fedwet include the establishment of a secret communication among young girls to form
a specific identity, and for various religious purposes. The motive for using it is
related to the social position of women and the traditional belief system of
Gurage.
Serial verb constructions in Sezo
Authors: Desta Girma Mengistu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Serial verb constructions in Sezo are formed by simple
juxtaposition of two or three verbs without any marker of coordination or
subordination. The components of a serial verb construction are always contiguous
and do not allow syntactic constituents to intervene between them. They form one
intonational group and do not allow multiple marking of grammatical features, such
as subject, tense, polarity and other syntactic dependency markers. All serial verb
constructions attested in Sezo are asymmetrical because they always consist of one
major verb and one or two minor verbs. The major verb which comes from a
semantically and grammatically unrestricted class of verbs is always the main verb.
The minor verb is either a motion or a posture verb and encodes directional
(deictic), valency changing or aspectual information. The minor verbs cannot be
treated as auxiliaries, because they are able to occur as lexical verbs outside
serial verb constructions.
Case-marking in Semitic in the light of the evidence in the Ethiopian language
area
Authors: Edzard Lutz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Languages in the Ethiopian language area typically exhibit a
two-case system from a morphological point of view. This paper discusses the
question as to how this observation can be aligned with the circumstance that, for
Semitic in general, a three-case system is usually reconstructed. It will be argued
that case endings can also emerge in a secondary process, as is widely recognised in
typological linguistics, and that the cyclicity observed in this context can well be
framed in terms of processes of linguistic convergence and divergence. Thereby, both
the morphological aspects of case as well as the thematic roles of case will be
discussed.
An acoustic analysis of Amharic fricatives
Authors: Ado Derib 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study presents an acoustic analysis of Amharic
fricatives, an Ethio-Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia. The study aimed to
identify acoustic correlates for place of articulation and airstream mechanism, and
investigate the effects of position within a word and window location on acoustic
measurements. Duration of the fricative noise, spectral moments, zero-crossing rate,
intensity and voice measurements were taken in cv and vcv contexts
in real Amharic words. The results showed that frequency of peak intensity, maximum
intensity, mean intensity, normalised intensity and spectral cog were found
to be robust acoustic correlates of place of articulation. The effect of airstream
was seen clearly with the ejective fricative /s’/ having higher intensity values,
spectral peak location, spectral mean and zero-crossing values than the alveolar
fricative /s/ for both male and female speakers. Voice measurements (H1-H2, H1-A1,
H1-A2, and H1-A3) were affected significantly by airstream, with the values
indicating a creaky phonation of the vowel following the ejective fricative.
Position also contributed in differences in durational and spectral measures with
fricatives in the cv position having higher values than fricatives in the
vcv position. The results showed that duration was not an important
acoustic correlate for place of articulation.
Functional expansions of temporal adverbs and discursive connectives
Authors: Fedriani Chiara , Molinelli Piera 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the synchronic competition and diachronic substitution of three Latin temporal expressions:tum, tunc(‘at that time’, ‘then’), and laterdumque(originally, ‘while-and’), and its Old Italian outcomedunque(‘then’). Besides providing a new path of development and a new etymology for Italiandunque, we describe in detail the steps by which these forms gradually replaced one another and examine the factors at play in their renewal, showing that such forms all display a similar inference-driven functional expansion from propositional to discourse-organizational meanings. However, their subsequent development led to a functional similarity that is only partial, as is often the case in semantic–pragmatic cycles. While discussing the nature of this cycle, we focus on the speaker’s role in this type of change, which in our view can be summarized in the speaker’s cyclical application of recurrent functional principles: phonetic efficiency, analogy, and regularity in semantic change.
Study on microstructure and oxidation behavior of Fe–xMn–14Al–8Ni–C alloy prepared by vacuum arc melting
Authors: Bai Yaping , Li Jianping , Cheng Chao , Yang Zhong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this study, Fe–xMn–14Al–8Ni–C alloy (x = 10, 15, 20, 25 wt.%) was prepared by vacuum arc melting method. The microstructure of this series of alloys and the oxidation behavior at 600 °C were studied. The conclusions are as follows: Fe–xMn–14Al–8Ni–C alloy mainly contains austenite phase, NiAl intermetallic compound phase and k-carbide phase. As the content of Mn increases, the amount of austenite increases while the amount of NiAl compound decreases. At the same time, the content of k-carbide phase precipitated at the interface between austenite and NiAl compound and inside austenite increases. The oxidation resistance results show that as the Mn content increases, the oxidation resistance of the alloy is improved. After oxidation, due to the difference in thermal stress and thermal expansion coefficient, the oxide film is mainly divided into two layers (when the Mn content is 10% and 15%, respectively), the outer oxides are Fe2O3 and a small amount of Mn2O3, the inner oxides are mainly the mixture of Al2O3, Mn2O3 and NiO. When the Mn content increases to 20%, the oxide film is a three-layer, and a uniform dense oxide film mainly composed of Al2O3 appears at the junction with the substrate, which better prevents the further diffusion of oxygen in the air to the inside and protects the substrate. The surface oxide film is dense and stable, so it can prevent further oxidation. Therefore, the alloy with 25% Mn content exhibits the most excellent oxidation resistance.
A discontinuity in the electromagnetic field of a uniformly accelerated charge
Authors: Singal Ashok K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The electric field of a uniformly accelerated charge shows a plane of discontinuity, where the field extending only on one side of the plane, terminates abruptly on the plane with a finite value. This indicates a non-zero divergence of the electric field in a source-free region, implying a violation of Gauss law. In order to make the field compliant with Maxwell’s equations everywhere, an additional field component, proportional to a δ-function at the plane of discontinuity, is required. Such a ‘δ-field’ might be the electromagnetic field of the charge, moving with a uniform velocity approaching c, the speed of light, prior to the imposition of acceleration at infinity. However, a range of attempts to derive this δ-field for such a case, have not been entirely successful. Some of the claims of the derivation involve elaborate calculations with some not-so-obvious mathematical approximations. Since the result to be derived is already known from the constraint of its compliance with Maxwell’s equations, and the derivation involves the familiar text-book expressions for the field of a uniformly moving charge, one would expect an easy, simple approach, to lead to the correct result. Here, starting from the electromagnetic field of a uniformly accelerated charge in the instantaneous rest frame, in terms of the position and motion of the charge at the retarded time, we derive this δ-field, consistent with Maxwell’s equations, in a fairly simple manner. This is followed by a calculation of the energy in the δ-field, in an analytical manner without making any approximation, where we show that this energy is exactly the one that would be lost by the charge because of the radiation reaction on the charge, proportional to its rate of change of acceleration, that was imposed on it at a distant past.
Multisite Quality Improvement Study of a Patient-Pathologist Consultation Program
Authors: Jug Rachel , Booth Adam L , Buckley Anne F , Newell Jordan , Kesterson Joshua , Gardner Jerad M , Ozcan Lerna , Liu Beiyu , Green Cynthia L , Joseph Lija , Cummings Thomas J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this multisite quality improvement study was to evaluate patients’ experiences with the patient-centered pathology (PCP) consultation program and to determine whether PCP enhanced their care experience.

Methods
Patients were invited to attend PCP consultations to review their pathology report and slides and have their questions answered by the pathologist privately, with the option to attend the appointment with family members or friends for support. A patient experience questionnaire (PEQ) was administered to patients, who participated voluntarily in the PCP, and survey data were collected and stored in REDCap. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute).

Results
Sixty-seven patients (95.5% female) aged 18 to 84 years across 4 institutions completed the PEQ. Overall, 58% and 15.8% of patients had breast and brain tumors, respectively, and 59.7% of tumors were newly diagnosed. Most patients thought it was important for them to learn as much as they could about their health condition. However, the majority of patients reported some degree of difficulty learning about their health condition based on written information, despite 97% having completed high school and/or further education. The majority of patients rated their pathologist as “excellent” across communication metrics. Ultimately, 100% of respondents were satisfied, found their visits to be useful, and would recommend the PCP to other patients.

Conclusions
Patients found that personalized clinical encounters with pathologists improved their understanding of their health condition and their satisfaction with their care experience. Patients thought pathologists communicated respectfully, effectively, and empathetically.
Ethanol-Induced Neuronal and Cognitive/Emotional Impairments are Accompanied by Down-Regulated NT3-TrkC-ERK in Hippocampus
Authors: Qiao Xiaomeng , Sun Mizhu , Chen Yuanyuan , Jin Wenyang , Zhao Huan , Zhang Weiqi , Lai Jianghua , Yan Hongtao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
Ethanol ingestion affects cognition and emotion, which have been attributed to the dysfunction of specific brain structures. Studies of alcoholic patients and animal models consistently identify reduced hippocampal mass as a key ethanol-induced brain adaptation. This study evaluated how neuroadaptation in the hippocampus (Hip) produced by ethanol contributed to related behavioral deficits in male and female rats.

Methods
Effects of acute, short-term and long-term ethanol exposure on the anxiety-like behavior and recognition memory on adult male and female Sprague–Dawley rats were assessed using elevated plus maze test and novel object recognition test, respectively. In addition, in order to investigate the direct effect of ethanol on hippocampal neurons, primary culture of hippocampal neurons was exposed to ethanol (10, 30 and 90 mM; 1, 24 and 48 h), and viability (CCK-8) and morphology (immunocytochemistry) were analyzed at structural levels. Western blot assays were used to assess protein levels of NT3-TrkC-ERK.

Results
Acute and short-term ethanol exposure exerted anxiolytic effects, whereas long-term ethanol exposure induced anxiogenic responses in both sexes. Short-term ethanol exposure impaired spatial memory only in female rats, whereas long-term ethanol exposure impaired spatial and recognition memory in both sexes. These behavioral impairments and ethanol-induced loss of hippocampal neurons and decreased cell viability were accompanied by downregulated NT3-TrkC-ERK pathway.

Conclusion
These results indicate that NT3-TrkC-ERK signaling in the Hip may play an important role in ethanol-induced structural and behavioral impairments.
Multilingualism, Chronotopes, and Resolutions: Toward an Analysis of the Total Sociolinguistic Fact
Authors: Karimzad Farzad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, I argue for a chronotopic-scalar system of images and resolutions in the analysis of language use in general and multilingual practices in particular. Drawing on data from Iranian Azerbaijanis, I argue that availability and accessibility of linguistic/semiotic resources, and their categorizations as languages or language varieties, are constrained by participants’ chronotopization histories. That is, the scaled images participants develop through socialization about different time–space frames and the peoples, relations, discourses, and resources therein guide their language use both from and about particular contexts. I discuss the utility of spatiotemporal understandings of repertoires of resources and normalcies in capturing the variability, dynamicity, and complexity of semiotic practices and also in addressing the controversies among scholars regarding the ‘realness’ of languages and hybridity of multilingual practices. Through decentralizing language(s) and foregrounding context(s) and contextualization, I argue, the chronotope enables us to analyze not only social actors’ hybrid utilization of semiotic resources in meaning-making processes, but also their language ideologies and language-ideological practices, which rely heavily on the perceptions of languages as discrete systems.
Stress Modulates the Balance between Hippocampal and Motor Networks during Motor Memory Processing
Authors: Dolfen N , King B R , Schwabe L , Gann M A , Veldman M P , von Leupoldt A , Swinnen S P , Albouy G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The functional interaction between hippocampo- and striato-cortical regions during motor sequence learning is essential to trigger optimal memory consolidation. Based on previous evidence from other memory domains that stress alters the balance between these systems, we investigated whether exposure to stress prior to motor learning modulates motor memory processes. Seventy-two healthy young individuals were exposed to a stressful or nonstressful control intervention prior to training on a motor sequence learning task in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Consolidation was assessed with an MRI retest after a sleep episode. Behavioral results indicate that stress prior to learning did not influence motor performance. At the neural level, stress induced both a larger recruitment of sensorimotor regions and a greater disengagement of hippocampo-cortical networks during training. Brain-behavior regression analyses showed that while this stress-induced shift from (hippocampo-)fronto-parietal to motor networks was beneficial for initial performance, it was detrimental for consolidation. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that stress modulates the neural networks recruited during motor memory processing and therefore effectively unify concepts and mechanisms from diverse memory fields. Critically, our findings suggest that intersubject variability in brain responses to stress determines the impact of stress on motor learning and subsequent consolidation.