bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Asymmetries in the Lag between Insolation and Surface Temperature
Authors: Donohoe Aaron , Dawson Eliza , McMurdie Lynn , Battisti David S. , Rhines Andy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe analyze the temporal structure of the climatological seasonal cycle in surface air temperature across the globe. We find that, over large regions of Earth, the seasonal cycle of surface temperature departs from an annual harmonic: the duration of fall and spring differ by as much as 2 months. We characterize this asymmetry by the metric ASYM, defined as the phase lag of the seasonal maximum temperature relative to the summer solstice minus the phase lag of the seasonal minimum temperature relative to winter solstice. We present a global analysis of ASYM from weather station data and atmospheric reanalysis and find that ASYM is well represented in the reanalysis. ASYM generally features positive values over land and negative values over the ocean, indicating that spring has a longer duration over the land domain whereas fall has a longer duration over the ocean. However, ASYM also features more positive values over North America compared to Europe and negative values in the polar regions over ice sheets and sea ice. Understanding the root cause of the climatological ASYM will potentially further our understanding of controls on the seasonal cycle of temperature and its future/past changes. We explore several candidate mechanisms to explain the spatial structure of ASYM including 1) modification of the seasonal cycle of surface solar radiation by the seasonal evolution of cloud thickness, 2) differences in the seasonal cycle of the atmospheric boundary layer depth over ocean and over land, and 3) temperature advection by the seasonally evolving atmospheric circulation.
Skill of Rain–Snow Level Forecasts for Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers: A Multimodel Assessment Using California’s Network of Vertically Profiling Radars
Authors: Henn Brian , Weihs Rachel , Martin Andrew C. , Ralph F. Martin , Osborne Tashiana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe partitioning of rain and snow during atmospheric river (AR) storms is a critical factor in flood forecasting, water resources planning, and reservoir operations. Forecasts of atmospheric rain–snow levels from December 2016 to March 2017, a period of active AR landfalls, are evaluated using 19 profiling radars in California. Three forecast model products are assessed: a global forecast model downscaled to 3-km grid spacing, 4-km river forecast center operational forecasts, and 50-km global ensemble reforecasts. Model forecasts of the rain–snow level are compared with observations of rain–snow melting-level brightband heights. Models produce mean bias magnitudes of less than 200 m across a range of forecast lead times. Error magnitudes increase with lead time and are similar between models, averaging 342 m for lead times of 24 h or less and growing to 700–800 m for lead times of greater than 144 h. Observed extremes in the rain–snow level are underestimated, particularly for warmer events, and the magnitude of errors increases with rain–snow level. Storms with high rain–snow levels are correlated with larger observed precipitation rates in Sierra Nevada watersheds. Flood risk increases with rain–snow levels, not only because a greater fraction of the watershed receives rain, but also because warmer storms carry greater water vapor and thus can produce heavier precipitation. The uncertainty of flood forecasts grows nonlinearly with the rain–snow level for these reasons as well. High rain–snow level ARs are a major flood hazard in California and are projected to be more prevalent with climate warming.
Observed Near-Storm Environment Variations across the Southern Cumberland Plateau System in Northeastern Alabama
Authors: Lyza Anthony W. , Murphy Todd A. , Goudeau Barrett T. , Pangle Preston T. , Knupp Kevin R. , Wade Ryan A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Sand Mountain and Lookout Mountain Plateaus in northeastern Alabama have been established as a regional relative maximum in tornadogenesis reports within the southeastern United States. Investigation of long-term surface datasets has revealed (i) stronger and more backed winds atop Sand Mountain than over the Tennessee Valley, and (ii) measured cloud-base heights are lower to the surface atop Sand Mountain than over the Tennessee Valley. These observations suggest that low-level wind shear and lifting condensation level (LCL) height changes may lead to conditions more favorable for tornadogenesis atop the plateaus than over the Tennessee Valley. However, prior to fall 2016, no intensive observations had been made to further investigate low-level flow or thermodynamic changes in the topography of northeastern Alabama. This paper provides detailed analysis of observations gathered during VORTEX-SE field campaign cases from fall 2016 through spring 2019. These observations indicate that downslope winds form along the northwest edge of Sand Mountain in at least some severe storm environments in northeastern Alabama. Wind profiles gathered across northeastern Alabama indicate that low-level helicity changes can be substantial over small distances across different areas of the topographic system. LCL height changes often scale to changes in land elevation, which can be on the order of 200–300 m across northeastern Alabama.
Whole-Body Diffusion-Weighted MRI Compared to 18 FFDG PET/CT in Initial Staging and Therapy Response Assessment of Hodgkin Lymphoma in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Shapira-Zaltsberg Gali , Wilson Nagwa , Trejo Perez Esther , Abbott Lesleigh , Dinning Stephen , Kapoor Cassandra , Davila Jorge , Smith Barry , Miller Elka 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: The aim of our study was to compare whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DWI-MRI) to fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in the assessment of initial staging and treatment response in pediatric patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Materials and Methods: This prospective study comprised 11 children with Hodgkin lymphoma. Whole-body DWI-MRI and FDG-PET/CT were obtained at baseline and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Two radiologists measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the sites of involvement agreed upon in consensus and 1 nuclear medicine physician assessed the PET/CT. Reliability of radiologists’ ratings was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1). The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of DW-MRI relative to PET/CT were calculated for nodal and extranodal sites. The patients were staged according to both modalities. Association of treatment responses was assessed through the Pearson correlation between the ADC ratios and the change standardized uptake value (SUV) between baseline and follow-up. Results: There was good agreement between the raters for nodal and extranodal ADC measurements. The sensitivity and PPV of DW-MRI relative to PET/CT of nodal disease was 0.651 and 1.0, respectively, at baseline, and 0.697 and 0.885 at follow-up. The sensitivity and PPV of extranodal disease were 0.545 and 0.6 at baseline, and 0.167 and 0.333 at follow-up. Diffusion-weighted MRI determined correct tumor stage in 8 of 11 examinations. There was poor correlation between the ADC ratios and the absolute change in SUV between baseline and follow-up (0.348). Conclusion: Our experience showed that WB-DWI-MRI is inferior to PET/CT for initial staging and assessment of treatment response of Hodgkin lymphoma in pediatric patients.
Toxicity effects of Nerium oleander, basic and clinical evidence: A comprehensive review
Authors: Farkhondeh T , Kianmehr M , Kazemi T , Samarghandian S , Khazdair MR 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Nerium oleander is a plant that is frequently grown in gardens and public areas. N. oleander is distributed originally in subtropical Asia but is now growing in many parts of the world, such as the United States, Australia, China, and Middle East countries. Pharmacological effects of plant including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity were reported, but the potential toxic effects of all parts of the shrub either fresh or dried on animal and human body were documented. Method: The data of this review article were obtained from Medline/Pubmed, Scopusand Google Scholar databases in English until September 2019. To include all publications in this field, keywords such as N. oleander and toxicity were used. Results: The poisoning effects of plant or their active alkaloids induced infiltration of cells with hemorrhage and sever negative changes in the lung, induce lesions, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the portal spaces with scattered necrosis of hepatocytes in the liver, cardiac toxicity of the plant in the heart were included, induced varying degrees of hemorrhage, myocardial degeneration, and necrosis. It also induced arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia, and prolonged P-R interval in electrocardiographic records. Conclusions: The toxic effects of N. oleander are mostly related to its inhibitory effects on the Na+-K+ ATPase pump in the cellular membrane. However, the exact molecular mechanism involved in the toxicity of N. oleander is not clear.
Review of total hip arthroplasty in patients younger than 30 years: mid- to long-term results
Authors: Agrawal Yuvraj , Kerry Robert M , Stockley Ian , Hamer Andrew J 
Published: January 2020

Background: Data on the outcome of THA in patients under the age of 30 years is sparse. There is a perceived reluctance to offer surgery to young patients on the basis of potential early failure of the implant. The aim of this study was to review clinical and radiological outcomes of THA in patients under the age of 30 years in a high-volume specialist arthroplasty unit. Methods: A retrospective review of patients between 1989 and 2009 was undertaken. 95 patients (118 THAs) were identified but 17 patients were excluded for lack of clinical records or for follow-up under 5 years. Clinical records were reviewed for demographics, underlying pathology, details of operation and failures. Radiographs were reviewed for evidence of loosening and wear of the components. Functional assessment was carried out using the modified Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Oxford Hip Score and EQ-5D-5L. Results: Mean age was 25 (16–30) years and 65% patients were females. The most common underlying pathologies were development dysplasia of the hip (29%) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (25%). Mean follow-up was 12.6 (5–24) years, during which 19 patients (25%) were revised. The majority of the revisions were for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component. Conclusions: Surgeons are cautious when considering THA in very young patients despite the significant documented improvement in function and quality of life after THA. This study reports on the mid- to long-term results of THA which will be valuable when advising young patients on the prospects of revision surgery at the time of primary THA.
A novel classification of fatigue in multiple sclerosis based on longitudinal assessments
Authors: Palotai Miklos , Cavallari Michele , Healy Brian C , Guttmann Charles RG 
Published: January 2020

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of multiple sclerosis–related fatigue had limited reproducibility. Temporal fatigue fluctuations have not been considered. Objective: To investigate whether a novel group allocation that reflects temporal dynamics of fatigue improves our ability to detect fatigue-associated structural brain abnormalities. Methods: Patient stratification based on biennial fatigue assessments: sustained fatigue (SF, n = 29, fatigued at the latest ⩾2 assessments), one time-point fatigue (1F, n = 15, fatigued at the latest, but non-fatigued at the penultimate assessment), reversible fatigue (RF, n = 31, non-fatigued at the latest assessment, but reported fatigue previously), and never fatigued (NF, n = 54). Brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and T2 lesion volume (T2LV) were compared between these groups and were derived using a conventional, single time-point fatigued versus non-fatigued stratification. Results: The SF versus NF stratification yielded improved power. SF ( p = 0.005) and RF ( p = 0.043) showed significantly higher T2LV than NF. T2LV showed no significant differences in SF versus 1F, SF versus RF, or 1F versus RF. Fatigued versus non-fatigued patients showed significantly higher T2LV ( p = 0.030). We found no significant differences in BPF between the groups. Conclusion: Taking into account temporal fatigue dynamics increases the statistical power with respect to T2LV and may improve characterization of brain pathological correlates of MS-related fatigue.
Cytotoxin-associated gene A increases carcinogenicity of helicobacter pylori in colorectal adenoma
Authors: Zhang Heng , Liao Yusheng , Zhang Hongfeng , Wu Jie , Zheng Dan , Chen Zhitao 
Published: January 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection with disease risk and severity of colorectal adenoma, also to explore the association of cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) positive (CagA+)- Hp infection with gastrin and ki-67 expressions in colorectal adenoma patients. Methods: There were 1000 colorectal adenoma patients and 1500 controls consecutively enrolled, then Hp infection status was determined by 14C urea breath test and rapid urease test. Also, serum CagA expression and gastrin expression of colorectal adenoma patients were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ki-67 expression in adenoma tissue of colorectal adenoma patients was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results: Hp+ rate in colorectal adenoma patients (623 (62.3%)) was more elevated than that in controls (814 (54.3%)). Multivariate logistic regression model analysis disclosed that Hp+ was an independent risk factor for colorectal adenoma. Additionally, Hp+ was positively associated with tumor size and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in colorectal adenoma patients. Also, serum gastrin expression and intratumoral ki-67 expression were higher in Hp+ CagA+ patients and Hp+ CagA− patients compared to Hp− patients, and they were also higher in Hp+ CagA+ patients compared to Hp+ CagA− patients. Conclusion: Hp infection positively associates with higher disease risk and worse disease conditions of colorectal adenoma, and CagA enhances the carcinogenicity of Hp in colorectal adenoma.
Validation of the simplified modified Rankin scale for stroke trials: Experience from the ENCHANTED alteplase-dose arm
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Li Jingwei , Anderson Craig S , Lindley Richard I , Hackett Maree L , Robinson Thompson , Lavados Pablo M , Wang Xia , Arima Hisatomi , Chalmers John , Delcourt Candice ,   for the ENCHANTED Investigators
Published: January 2020

Background and aims The structured, simplified modified Rankin scale questionnaire (smRSq) may increase reliability over the interrogative approach to scoring the modified Rankin scale (mRS) in acute stroke research and practice. During the conduct of the alteplase-dose arm of the international ENhanced Control of Hypertension ANd Thrombolysis StrokE stuDy (ENCHANTED), we had an opportunity to compare each of these approaches to outcome measurement. Methods Baseline demographic data were recorded together with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Follow-up measures obtained at 90 days included mRS, smRSq, and the 5-Dimension European Quality of life scale (EQ-5D). Agreements between smRSq and mRS were assessed with the Kappa statistic. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify baseline predictors of Day 90 smRSq and mRS scores. Treatment effects, based on Day 90 smRSq/mRS scores, were tested in logistic and ordinal logistic regression models. Results SmRSq and mRS scores had good agreement (weighted Kappa 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–0.81), while variables of age, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, pre-morbid mRS (1 vs. 0), baseline NIHSS scores, and imaging signs of cerebral ischemia, similarly predicted their scores. Odds ratios for death or disability, and ordinal shift, 90-day mRS scores using smRSq were 1.05 (95% CI 0.91–1.20; one-sided P = 0.23 for non-inferiority) and 0.98 (95% CI 0.87–1.11; P = 0.02 for non-inferiority), similar to those using mRS. Conclusions This study demonstrates the utility of the smRSq in a large, ethnically diverse clinical trial population. Scoring of the smRSq shows adequate agreement with the standard mRS, thus confirming it is a reliable, valid, and useful alternative measure of functional status after acute ischemic stroke. Clinical Trial registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01422616.
Under-coding of dementia and other conditions indicates scope for improved patient management: A longitudinal retrospective study of dementia patients in Australia
Authors: Cappetta Kara , Lago Luise , Potter Jan , Phillipson Lyn 
Published: January 2020

Background: Under-coding of dementia during hospitalisation results in an inability to identify all patients with dementia using hospital administrative data. Clinical coding can be viewed as a proxy for management; therefore, under-coding indicates dementia was not considered in the patient’s management. While under-coding of dementia is well established, there is sparse evidence on whether dementia is coded in subsequent hospitalisations among patients with a known diagnosis. Objective: (a) To describe patterns of dementia coding over 5 years after a first-coded (i.e. index) admission for dementia; (b) to identify factors associated with clinical coding of dementia; and (c) to identify patient subgroups at risk of not being coded to inform future interventions to improve hospital identification and management of dementia. Method: Retrospective study of longitudinal hospital data from 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2015 for 7919 patients hospitalised during the 5 years’ post-index admission for dementia in a regional local health district of New South Wales, Australia. Results: Dementia was coded in 63.9% of admissions in the 12 months following index admission for dementia; this decreased to 53.7% after 5 years. Patients were 20% more likely to have dementia actively managed when it co-occurred with delirium. Under-coding varied across conditions, with dementia more likely to be coded in admissions for falls and pneumonitis, and less likely for heart failure, pneumonia and urinary tract infection (UTI). Conclusion: The frequency with which dementia was not coded highlights opportunities to improve identification and management of dementia through dementia-specific care, enhanced clinical protocols, and interventions focused around heart failure, pneumonia and UTI admissions.
How Do Sports Medicine and Foot and Ankle Specialists Treat Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures?
Authors: Parisien Robert L. , Trofa David P. , Gualtieri Anthony P. , Dodson Christopher C. , Li Xinning , Levine William N. , Vosseller J. Turner 
Published: January 2020

Background. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the treatment considerations and surgical techniques utilized by fellowship-trained orthopaedic sports medicine and foot and ankle specialists in the management of Achilles tendon ruptures. Methods. A blinded electronic survey was distributed to 2062 fellowship-trained sports medicine and 1319 fellowship-trained foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeons. The total number of acute Achilles tendon ruptures managed per year, patient-specific factors associated with surgical decision making and surgical techniques were evaluated. Results. Of the 3381 surveys distributed, 524 responses were included for analysis. Only 9% of respondents manage more than 20 acute Achilles tendon ruptures per year with the majority (75%) managing less than 10 per year. Operative management is the treatment of choice for 76% of total respondents with only 8% managing acute ruptures nonoperatively. Activity level and patient age were the single most important factors for 60.8% and 29.3% of surgeons, respectively, with regard to operative versus nonoperative decision making. Socioeconomic status and workers compensation were the least important patient factors. Conclusion. Surgical repair in the young and active patient is the preferred treatment for the majority of fellowship-trained subspecialists who most commonly encounter this pathology. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level V: Consensus of Expert Analysis
Anonymity, veracity and power in online patient feedback: A quantitative and qualitative analysis of staff responses to patient comments on the ‘Care Opinion’ platform in Scotland
Authors: Locock Louise , Skea Zoë , Alexander Gina , Hiscox Caroline , Laidlaw Lynn , Shepherd Jenna 
Published: January 2020

Objective To analyse how staff in one Scottish hospital respond to anonymised patient feedback posted on the nationally endorsed feedback platform Care Opinion; and to understand staff experiences of, and attitudes towards, engaging with Care Opinion data. Methods This was a multi-method study comprising: (a) numerical and thematic analysis of stories posted during a six-month period, using a published framework; (b) thematic analysis of interviews with a range of 10 hospital staff responsible for organisational responses to feedback. Results Seventy-seven stories were published during the six-month period. All received a response, with a mean response time of 3.9 days. Ninety-six responses were made in total, from 20 staff members. Personalisation and tailoring was mostly assessed as performing well against the published framework. Only two ‘changes made’ were reported. While staff interviewed were mostly understanding of why patients might prefer giving anonymised feedback, some found it uncomfortable and challenging. Participants described instances where they might seek to de-anonymise the individual, in order to pass on personal thanks to the relevant staff member, or to investigate the issue raised and seek resolution offline. Patients did not always want to identify themselves; this could sometimes lead staff to query the veracity or importance of issues raised. Sometimes staff could identify individuals anyway, including one described as ‘our regular person’. Conclusions Staff used to engaging directly with patients and families, both clinically and in dealing with feedback, need support in dealing with anonymous feedback, and the uncomfortable situation of unequal power it may create.