bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and effectiveness of tofogliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in real‐world clinical practice: Results of a 36‐month post‐marketing surveillance study (J‐STEP/LT)
Authors: Utsunomiya Kazunori , Koshida Ryusuke , Kakiuchi Seigo , Senda Masayuki , Fujii Shoko , Kurihara Yuji , Gunji Ryoji , Kaku Kohei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTofogliflozin is a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that lowers plasma glucose levels by enhancing urinary glucose excretion. After its approval in Japan in 2014 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, we carried out a 3‐year prospective observational post‐marketing surveillance study in Japanese patients (Japanese Study of Tofogliflozin with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients/Long Term [J‐STEP/LT]).Materials and MethodsThis surveillance was carried out between September 2014 and February 2019, and recorded safety in terms of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and ADRs of special interest, and effectiveness in terms of changes in glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight from baseline to last observation carried forward.ResultsOf 6,897 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus registered, 6,711 and 6,451 were analyzed for safety and effectiveness, respectively. ADRs were reported in 846 patients (12.61%), with serious ADRs in 101 patients (1.5%). ADRs of special interest included hypoglycemia (62 patients [0.9%]), polyuria/pollakiuria (90 [1.3%]), volume depletion‐related disorders (135 [2.0%]), urinary tract infections (91 [1.4%]), genital infections (117 [1.7%]) and skin diseases (53 [0.8%]). One case of diabetic ketoacidosis was reported. The mean ± standard deviation changes from baseline to last observation carried forward in glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight were −0.68 ± 1.34% (n = 6,158, P < 0.0001) and −3.13 ± 4.67 kg (n = 5,213, P < 0.0001), respectively.ConclusionsJ‐STEP/LT, a 3‐year, prospective, observational, post‐marketing study in Japan, found no unprecedented ADRs, and consistent reductions from baseline in glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight over the observation period. The present results provide further evidence regarding the safety and tolerability of tofogliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Genetic diversity and structure of circumtropical almaco jack, Seriola rivoliana: tool for conservation and management
Authors: Mendoza‐Portillo Verónica , Galván‐Tirado Carolina , Portnoy David S. , Valenzuela‐Quiñonez Fausto , Domínguez‐Domínguez Omar , Durand Jean‐Dominique , Pérez‐Urbiola Juan Carlos , García‐De León Francisco J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe almaco jack, Seriola rivoliana, is a circumtropical pelagic fish of importance both in commercial fisheries and in aquaculture. To understand levels of genetic diversity within and among populations in the wild, population genetic structure and the relative magnitude of migration were assessed using mtDNA sequence data and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from individuals sampled from locations in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. A total of 25 variable sites of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 3678 neutral SNPs were recovered. Three genetic groups were identified, with both marker types distributed in different oceanic regions: Pacific‐1 in central Pacific, Pacific‐2 in eastern Pacific and Atlantic in western Atlantic. Nonetheless, the analysis of SNP identified a fourth population in the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico (Pacific‐3), whereas that of mtDNA did not. This mito‐nuclear discordance is likely explained by a recently diverged Pacific‐3 population. In addition, two mtDNA haplogroups were found within the western Atlantic, likely indicating that the species came into the Atlantic from the Indian Ocean with historical gene flow from the eastern Pacific. Relative gene flow among ocean basins was low with rm < 0.2, whereas in the eastern Pacific it was asymmetric and higher from south to north (rm > 0.79). The results reflect the importance of assessing genetic structure and gene flow of natural populations for the purposes of sustainable management.
Tsunki Only See the Fish as Their Hens in Certain Rivers: Situating the Politics of Shuar Ontology in the Ecuadorian Intercultural State
Authors: Tym Christian 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe ontological turn in anthropology has triggered harsh criticism on political and epistemic grounds in recent years, channeling the disciplinary orthodoxy encapsulated in the Barbados Declaration and Writing Culture. Drawing from ethnographic material on ontologically based preferences between ancestral health‐seeking practices and state health care on Shuar territory in southeastern Ecuador, I point out that the appreciation and articulation of ontological alterity is central to certain contemporary indigenous political struggles for state interculturality, before discussing the value of interviewing and research across multiple sites within any given indigenous territory so as to develop a degree of scope that complements participant observation by contextualizing representations of ancestral ontologies. [Shuar, Amazonia, intercultural state, interculturality, ontological anthropology, perspectivism, politics of representation]
Generalized Stability of Monetary Unions Under Regime Switching in Monetary and Fiscal Policies
Authors: BONAM DENNIS , HOBIJN BART 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarlier studies on the stability of monetary unions show that an inflation‐targeting central bank imposes strict budgetary requirements on fiscal policy to obtain a unique stable equilibrium. Failure of only one fiscal authority to meet these requirements already results in nonexistence of equilibrium. Nevertheless, it might prove useful to temporarily depart from such requirements in order to absorb country‐specific shocks. We show that such departures are feasible if fiscal authorities commit to switch to more sustainable fiscal regimes in the future. Debt devaluation and fiscal bailouts may also broaden the range of policy stances under which monetary unions are stable.
A new method for skin aging evaluation of Chinese women
Authors: Ye Rui , Chang Wenting , Hu Jingjing , Qiao Liyuan , Wang Qianqian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the development of cosmetic industry in China, an aging evaluation method of Chinese women is in great need.AimsThe aim of this study is to establish a skin aging assessment method using convenient portable machine Antera 3D.MethodsThe quantitative approach was developed by capturing 11 areas of the face, and overall, 48 parameters were extracted for aging evaluation. Later, 297 subjects were recruited to take facial image and life style questionnaire. Evaluation of age was accomplished by establishing prediction method with detected skin traits.ResultsThe age prediction model was built by using the evaluated facial traits, and a R square of 0.6 is achieved by comparing to the chronological age. The crow's feet, cheek skin pigmentation, forehead skin tone, and wrinkles around the month are critical factors in evaluating Chinese women skin aging. In addition, we also explored life styles associated with important skin aging traits.ConclusionThe method developed in this research provides reliable alternative in aging study of Chinese women.
High‐resolution manometry in the upright position could improve the manometric evaluation of morbidly obese patients with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
Authors: Su Hui , Ge Hui , Liu Hong , Jiang Guojun , Shi Siwen , Xu Guangzhong , Zhang Nengwei , Wu Jing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEsophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) detected by manometry in the supine position is prevalent in patients with morbid obesity, but not all EGJOOs are clinically significant. We investigated whether including upright swallows during high‐resolution manometry (HRM) could help identify non‐clinically significant EGJOO in patients with morbid obesity.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of consecutive morbidly obese patients diagnosed with EGJOO by HRM from July 2012 through July 2018. The HRM protocol included 10 supine and five upright 5‐mL water swallows. Endoscopy, esophagram, and computed tomography were performed to identify whether the patients should be diagnosed as having clinically significant EGJOO.Key ResultsA total of 230 patients with morbid obesity underwent HRM in the supine position during the study period. Fifty (21.7%) patients were diagnosed with EGJOO, among which 32 completed HRM both in the supine and upright positions. Only 8/32 patients were diagnosed with EGJOO in an upright position. Fewer artifacts were displayed in esophageal pressure topography in the upright position. None of the 32 patients could be diagnosed as clinically significant EGJOO based on all the examinations. Median esophageal gastric junction pressure, integrated relaxation pressure, and distal contractile integral were higher, and median distal latency was longer in the supine position compared with the upright position (all P < .05).Conclusions and InferencesEsophagus manometry in the upright position could reduce EGJOO overdiagnosis in patients with morbid obesity. Prolongation of the HRM study with some swallows in the upright position could be recommended in obese patients.
From multifunctionality to sustainable cultivated land development? A three‐dimensional trade‐off model tested in Panxi region of southwestern China
Authors: Chen Tiantian , Peng Li , Wang Qiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the development of social economy and the diversification of human needs there is conflict between different functions of cultivated land. In this study, a practical evaluating methodology, which is a three‐dimensional trade‐off model on multifunctionality of cultivated land was constructed, and it was applied to Panxi region of southwestern China. The following results were obtained. (a) From 2000 to 2010, the area of cultivated land decreased by 171.67 km2, which was mainly affected by urban development and ecological construction. (b) Conflict between various functions was obvious. With the passage of time, although the overall conflict declined, local conflicts increased significantly. (c) There were five kinds of conflict types, which was high‐conflict urbanization area, high‐conflict ecological area, middle‐conflict ecological area, low‐conflict traditional agricultural area, and low‐conflict ecological area. Economy, land use structure, and terrain were the main forces driving conflicts pertaining to the multifunctionality on cultivated land. (d) The three‐dimensional trade‐off model, which weighed the relationship between different functions of cultivated land, is an improved multiobjective decision‐making model for cultivated land use. It can also be applied to a range of explicit land‐use and natural resource allocation problems, and can further evolve as a result of anticipated interactions with stakeholders.Summary for ManagersWith the development of the social economy and the diversification of human needs, the conflict of cultivated land use becomes more and more obvious.From the perspective of multiobjective land management, a practical evaluating methodology and a three‐dimensional trade‐off model on multifunctionality of cultivated land was constructed, to solve cultivated land use conflict.The three‐dimensional trade‐off model improved multiobjective decision‐making model of cultivated land use, and can be generated.
Laparoscopic gonadectomy in dogs with ovotesticular disorder of sexual development
Authors: Vallarino Nicolas , Wydooghe Eline , van Goethem Bart 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDisorders of sexual development (DSD) in dogs involve most commonly an XX sex reversal syndrome, treated conventionally by gonadohysterectomy. The objective of the present case series is to describe the surgical treatment and long‐term follow‐up of dogs undergoing laparoscopic gonadectomy without hysterectomy for treatment of ovotesticular DSD. Six female dogs clinically diagnosed with DSD were retrospectively included in the study when laparoscopic gonadectomy was performed and histology confirmed the presence of abnormal gonads. The dogs were evaluated by ultrasound after 6 months, and owners were contacted by phone for the long‐term reevaluation. Laparoscopic gonadectomy was performed using 2‐ or 3‐portal midline techniques with 3‐ and/or 5‐mm instruments. Additional procedures were performed in 5 dogs, including os clitoris removal in 4 dogs and vulvoplasty in 1 dog. Histological analysis of the gonads reported 11 ovotestes and 1 testis. No major or minor complications occurred perioperatively. Ultrasonographic reevaluation was performed in 5/6 dogs and the remaining abdominal genital system was considered normal. Median long‐term follow‐up was 617 days (range, 265–1597) with none of the dogs having any symptom related to DSD. Therefore, laparoscopic gonadectomy is a valid alternative for dogs with ovotesticular DSD and is less invasive than conventional open techniques. Removal of the gonads avoids future development of hormone‐related diseases of the remaining genital tract.
Orientation relationship in finite dimensional space
Authors: Jha Jayant , Biswas Atanu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present article, we discuss the regression of a point on the surface of a unit sphere in d dimensions given a point on the surface of a unit sphere in p dimensions, where p may not be equal to d. Point projection is added to the rotation and linear transformation for regression link function. The identifiability of the model is proved. Then, parameter estimation in this set up is discussed. Simulation studies and data analyses are done to illustrate the model.
Efficacy of ATG and Rituximab in capuchin monkeys (a New World monkey)–An in vitro study relevant to xenotransplantation
Authors: Yamamoto Takayuki , Ladowski Joseph M. , Bikhet Mohamed , Cooper David K. C. , Hara Hidetaka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile Old World monkeys, for example, baboons, have antibodies against triple‐knockout (TKO) pig cells, thus complicating pig organ transplantation studies, capuchin monkeys (a New World monkey) do not, thus more closely mimicking humans in respect to the response to TKO pig cells. Whether drugs such as anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) and Rituximab are effective in capuchin monkeys remains uncertain. We measured the binding and cytotoxicity of ATG and Rituximab to human (n = 7), baboon (n = 7), and capuchin monkey (n = 5) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), T cells or B cells by flow cytometry.The effect in vitro of ATG in depleting PBMCs in capuchin monkeys and baboons was significantly less than in humans, but the depletion in capuchin monkeys was not significantly different from that in baboons. In contrast, the effect in vitro of Rituximab in depleting B cells in capuchin monkeys was very limited, and significantly less than in humans and baboons.Although capuchin monkeys mimic the human antibody response to TKO pig cells more closely than baboons, Rituximab had a minimal effect in capuchin monkeys in vitro. This observation may limit the value of New World Monkeys as recipients of pig organs, tissues, or cells in experimental studies of xenotransplantation or, indeed, in allotransplantation.
Modelling unitary fields and the single‐neuron contribution to local field potentials in the hippocampus
Authors: Teleńczuk Maria , Teleńczuk Bartosz , Destexhe Alain 
Published: June 2020

Key points
We simulate the unitary local field potential (uLFP) generated in the hippocampus CA3, using morphologically detailed models.
The model suggests that cancelling effects between apical and basal dendritic synapses explain the low amplitude of excitatory uLFPs.
Inhibitory synapses around the soma do not cancel and could explain the high‐amplitude inhibitory uLFPs.
These results suggest that somatic inhibition constitutes a strong component of LFPs, which may explain a number of experimental observations.
AbstractSynaptic currents represent a major contribution to the local field potential (LFP) in brain tissue, but the respective contribution of excitatory and inhibitory synapses is not known. Here, we provide estimates of this contribution by using computational models of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, constrained by in vitro recordings. We focus on the unitary LFP (uLFP) generated by single neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. We first reproduce experimental results for hippocampal basket cells, and in particular how inhibitory uLFP are distributed within hippocampal layers. Next, we calculate the uLFP generated by pyramidal neurons, using morphologically reconstructed CA3 pyramidal cells. The model shows that the excitatory uLFP is of small amplitude, smaller than inhibitory uLFPs. Indeed, when the two are simulated together, inhibitory uLFPs mask excitatory uLFPs, which might create the illusion that the inhibitory field is generated by pyramidal cells. These results provide an explanation for the observation that excitatory and inhibitory uLFPs are of the same polarity, in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that somatic inhibitory currents are large contributors to the LFP, which is important information for interpreting this signal. Finally, the results of our model might form the basis of a simple method to compute the LFP, which could be applied to point neurons for each cell type, thus providing a simple biologically grounded method for calculating LFPs from neural networks.In conclusion, computational models constrained by in vitro recordings suggest that: (1) Excitatory uLFPs are of smaller amplitude than inhibitory uLFPs. (2) Inhibitory uLFPs form the major contribution to LFPs. (3) uLFPs can be used as a simple model to generate LFPs from spiking networks.
Active Chatter Suppression in Low Immersion Intermittent Milling Process
Authors: Cao Le , Huang Tao , Shi Da-Ming , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Ding Han 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chatter in low immersion milling behaves differently from that in full immersion milling, mainly because of the non-negligible time-variant dynamics and the occurrence of period doubling bifurcation. The intermittent and time-variant characteristics make the active chatter suppression based on Lyaponov theorem a non-trivial problem. The main challenges lie in how to deal with the time-variant directional coefficient and how to construct a suitable Lyaponov function so as to alleviate the conservation, as well as the saturation of the controller. Generally, the Lyaponov stability of time-invariant dynamics is more tractable. Hence, in our paper, a first-order piecewise model is proposed to approximate the low immersion milling system as two time-invariant sub-ones that are cyclically switched. To alleviate the conservation, a novel piecewise Lyaponov function is constructed to determine the stability of each subsystem independently. The inequality conditions for determining the stability and stabilization are derived. The validity of the proposed stabilization algorithm to suppress both the hopf and period doubling bifurcation, as well as to reduce the conservation of the controller parameters have been verified.
General Cutting Dynamics Model for Five-Axis Ball-End Milling Operations
Authors: Li Jianhui , Kilic Z. Murat , Altintas Yusuf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFive-axis ball-end milling is used extensively to machine parts with sculptured surfaces. This paper presents the general cutting dynamics model of the ball-end milling process for machine tools with different five-axis configurations. The structural dynamics of both the tool and workpiece are considered for the prediction of chatter stability at each tool location along the tool path. The effects of tool–workpiece engagement and tool axis orientation are included in the model. By sweeping the spindle speeds, the chatter-free spindle speeds are selected followed by the prediction of forced vibrations in five-axis milling of thin-walled, flexible parts. The proposed model has been experimentally illustrated to predict the chatter stability and forced vibrations on a table-tilting five-axis computer numerical control machine tool.
Electromagnetic Thermal Energy Transfer in Nanoparticle Assemblies Below Diffraction Limit
Authors: Yuksel Anil , Yu Edward T. , Cullinan Michael , Murthy Jayathi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fabrication of micro- and nanoscale electronic components has become increasingly demanding due to device and interconnect scaling combined with advanced packaging and assembly for electronic, aerospace, and medical applications. Recent advances in additive manufacturing have made it possible to fabricate microscale, 3D interconnect structures but heat transfer during the fabrication process is one of the most important phenomena influencing the reliable manufacturing of these interconnect structures. In this study, optical absorption and scattering by three-dimensional (3D) nanoparticle packings are investigated to gain insight into micro/nano heat transport within the nanoparticles. Because drying of colloidal solutions creates different configurations of nanoparticles, the plasmonic coupling in three different copper nanoparticle packing configurations was investigated: simple cubic (SC), face-centered cubic (FCC), and hexagonal close packing (HCP). Single-scatter albedo (ω) was analyzed as a function of nanoparticle size, packing density, and configuration to assess effect for thermo-optical properties and plasmonic coupling of the Cu nanoparticles within the nanoparticle packings. This analysis provides insight into plasmonically enhanced absorption in copper nanoparticle particles and its consequences for laser heating of nanoparticle assemblies.
The Validity of Approximate Boundary Conditions for Natural Convection With Thermal Radiation in Open Cavities
Authors: Singh Om , Kedare Shireesh B. , Singh Suneet 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The use of approximate boundary conditions at the opening of the cavities leads to restriction of the computational domain and, hence, the reduction in computational effort. However, the accuracy of the restricted domain approach (RDA) had been evaluated only for the natural convection inside open cavities and that too only for one aspect ratio (AR). The validity of the approach had not been evaluated for inclined, as well as, shallow cavities. This study focuses on the analysis of the accuracy of RDA against extended domain approach (EDA) in open cavities of different ARs, at different inclinations and different Rayleigh numbers (Ra). The results show that the difference between the approaches is only significant in very shallow cavities (AR is defined as the height of the hot wall divided by the depth of the cavity) at low Ra. For Ra higher than  106 and an AR greater than 0.2, the maximum difference between the two approaches is around 5% and hence RDA can be recommended in these ranges, resulting in increased computational efficiency without significant loss in the accuracy. Moreover, the maximum difference in the results for the two methods is for intermediate inclinations. Even there, an increase in the difference is more pronounced at lower Ra. Furthermore, distribution of the exit velocity and temperature at the opening as well as the distribution of the Nusselt number at the hot wall is compared for RDA and EDA to explain the behavior of error at different ARs and inclinations.