bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Thyroid Function Across Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Campbell Purdey J , Brown Suzanne J , Kendrew Phillip , Lewer Michelle , Lim Ee Mun , Joseph John , Cross Simone M , Wright Margaret J , Martin Nicholas G , Wilson Scott G , Walsh John P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
There are no large, longitudinal studies of thyroid function across adolescence. The aims of this study were to examine longitudinal trends in thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) and determine age-specific reference ranges.

Methods
Thyroid function was assessed in 3415 participants in the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study at ages 12, 14, and 16, using the Abbott ARCHITECT immunoassay. Longitudinal analyses were adjusted for body mass index and puberty.

Results
In girls, mean fT4 (± SE) increased between age 12 and 14 (by 0.30 ± 0.08 pmol/L; P &lt; 0.001), while remaining unchanged in boys; from age 14 to 16, fT4 increased in both girls (by 0.42 ± 0.07 pmol/L; P &lt; 0.001) and boys (0.64 ± 0.07 pmol/L, P &lt; 0.001). There was a slight increase in fT3 from age 12 to 14 years in girls (by 0.07 ± 0.03 pmol/L; P = 0.042), with a more marked increase in boys (0.29 ± 0.03 pmol/L; P &lt; 0.001), followed by a decrease from age 14 to 16 in both sexes (girls, by 0.53 ± 0.02 pmol/L; P &lt; 0.001; boys, by 0.62 ± 0.03 pmol/L; P &lt; 0.001). From age 12 to 14, TSH showed no significant change in girls or boys, then levels increased from age 14 to 16 in both sexes (in girls, by 4.9%, 95% CI: 2.4%-10.3%, P = 0.020; in boys, by 7.2%, 95% CI: 3.0%-11.6%, P = 0.001). Reference ranges differed substantially from adults, particularly for fT4 and fT3.

Conclusions
Thyroid function tests in adolescents display complex, sexually dimorphic patterns. Implementation of adolescence-specific reference ranges may be appropriate.
Variation in Patient-Reported Advance Care Preferences in the Preoperative Setting
Authors: Udelsman Brooks V. , Govea Nicolas , Cooper Zara , Chang David C. , Bader Angela , Meyer Matthew J. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
High-quality shared decision-making for patients undergoing elective surgical procedures includes eliciting patient goals and treatment preferences. This is particularly important, should complications occur and life-sustaining therapies be considered. Our objective was to determine the preoperative care preferences of older higher-risk patients undergoing elective procedures and to determine any factors associated with a preference for limitations to life-sustaining treatments.

METHODS:
Cross-sectional survey conducted between May and December 2018. Patients ≥55 years of age presenting for a preprocedural evaluation in a high-risk anesthesia clinic were queried on their desire for life-sustaining treatments (cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, dialysis, and artificial nutrition) as well as tolerance for declines in health states (physical disability, cognitive disability, and daily severe pain).

RESULTS:
One hundred patients completed the survey. The median patient age was 68. Most patients were Caucasian (87%) and had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of III (88%). The majority of patients (89%) desired cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, most patients would not accept mechanical ventilation, dialysis, or artificial nutrition for an indefinite period of time. Similarly, most patients (67%–81%) indicated they would not desire treatments to sustain life in the event of permanent physical disability, cognitive disability, or daily severe pain.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among older, higher-risk patients presenting for elective procedures, most patients chose limitations to life-sustaining treatments. This work highlights the need for an in-depth goals of care discussion and establishment of advance care preferences before a procedure or operative intervention.
Controlled Synthesis of Mesoporous Pt, Pt-Pd and Pt-Pd-Rh Nanoparticles in Aqueous Nonionic Surfactant Solution
Authors: Nagaura Tomota , Park Teahoon , Lim Hyunsoo , Lin Jianjian , Iqbal Muhammad , Alshehri Saad M , Ahamad Tansir , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Yi Jin Woo , Kim Yena , Na Jongbeom , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To date, a wide variety of mesoporous metals has been synthesized using self-assembly of polymeric micelles for catalytic and sensing applications. However, systematic study of trimetallic mesoporous alloys has rarely been performed due to their complex nature. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of mesoporous PdPtRh particles by a chemical reduction process with the assistance of a block copolymer, Pluronic® F127. Furthermore, we have also systematically characterized these alloys and evaluated their catalytic performance for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), in comparison to mesoporous Pt and PdPt particles. Among all the prepared catalysts, the mesoporous PdPtRh sample shows the highest electrocatalytic performance for MOR with high conversion efficiency and tolerance for intermediate generation as well as excellent stability.
Efectividad de un apósito de hidrofibra reforzada, con plata iónica al 1,2%, potenciado con EDTA y cloruro de bencetonio: casos de estudio
Authors: Salazar Trujillo Marco A. , Ortiz Rodriguez José E. , Ospina Alejandro Zapata 
Published: January 2020

Sinopsis: Objetivo: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, observacional, de seguimiento de casos en el servicio de cirugía plástica del hospital El Tunal, Bogotá, Colombia, para evaluar la efectividad de un apósito de hidrofibra reforzada, con plata iónica al 1,2%, potenciado con ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA) y cloruro de bencetonio en pacientes con heridas de difícil cicatrización. Método: Se incluyeron 23 pacientes con heridas de diferentes etiologías, signos locales de infección, presencia de exudado e indicadores visuales o indirectos de biofilm. Los pacientes fueron divididos en tres grupos: heridas que requerían cicatrización por segunda intención (n=10) (grupo 1), heridas con absceso (n=4) (grupo 2) y heridas en las que se requería preparar el lecho para cobertura quirúrgica (n=9) (grupo 3). El seguimiento de cada caso duró tres meses. Resultados: El grupo 1 demostró una disminución de exudado, infección y signos indirectos de biofilm, así como una reducción significativa de la superficie de la herida con cierre total en ocho de los 10 casos pertenecientes a este grupo. El grupo 2 logró el control de exudado y cierre de la cavidad en un promedio de 21 días. El grupo 3 obtuvo adecuada preparación del lecho de la herida y alcanzó una cobertura quirúrgica en 15 días, en promedio. No se encontraron efectos adversos en los pacientes tratados. Conclusión: Los resultados muestran que el apósito estudiado es efectivo para controlar exudado, infección y signos indirectos de biofilm, así como para disminuir el tamaño de la herida, lograr el cierre de heridas con absceso y preparar el lecho para una cobertura quirúrgica definitiva.
Coping with sexual harassment: the experience of young working women in Italy
Authors: Beltramini Lucia , Bastiani Federica , Feresin Mariachiara , Romito Patrizia 
Published: January 2020

The aims of this qualitative study were to describe sexual harassment (SH) as experienced by young Italian women in the workplace and to analyse their reactions and forms of resistance. A sample of 20 university students who mostly held casual jobs was recruited at one university and interviewed in 2017–18; the transcriptions were analysed using a thematic method.
Respondents experienced multiple forms of SH, from sexual comments and requests to physical contacts, carried out by male employers, co-workers and customers. Often SH had a pronounced pornographic nature, and occasionally women were treated as ‘prostitutes’; dress-code implied ‘dressing sexily’, and becomes a form of SH.
All women evaluated these behaviours as inappropriate, but no one considered making a formal complaint. They reported confusion, attempts to minimise, going along with a smile, asking the help of colleagues, and using the boyfriend as a protector. Few took direct actions such as confronting the harassers, retaliating or complaining to the employer. Notwithstanding the hostility and humiliation experienced, the young women interviewed retained a strong sense of their dignity as workers, which can count as another form of resistance to a system that consistently tries to objectify them and disqualify them as workers.
К вопросу о территории обнаружения предметов из Сибирской коллекции Петра I
Authors: Фролов Ярослав Владимирович 
Published: January 2020

На сегодняшний день существуют две наиболее обоснованных гипотезы о районах происхождения предметов из Сибирской коллекции Петра I. Исследователи рассматривают две основные территории действий «бугровщиков» по ограблению курганов в период формирования коллекции. Один из этих регионов — лесостепные районы Тоболо-Иртышья. Другим регионом является юго-западная часть Обь-Иртышского междуречья.
Сведения о присоединении территорий Северного Казахстана, Кулунды и Верхнего Приобья к Российскому государству в начале XVIII в. позволяют утверждать, что основная часть предметов Сибирской коллекции Петра I, собранная в 1715-1716 гг., происходит из районов юга Обь-Иртышского междуречья. Курганы из районов Тоболо-Иртышья были разграблены бугровщиками в конце XVII — первые годы XVIII в. Новые возможности продвинуться в степные районы юга Обь-Иртышского междуречья у бугровщиков возникли в ходе военных походов И.Д. Бухгольца в 1715 г. и Ф. Матигорова 1716 г., продвинувшихся в Прииртышье до оз. Ямышево.
Наличие большого числа курганов элиты общества поздней древности и Средневековья, а также аналогии предметам Сибирской коллекции из раскопок «царских» курганов на юге Обь-Иртышья подтверждают мнение М.И. Артамонова, С.И. Руденко и М.П. Грязнова о происхождении основной части Сибирской коллекции Петра I с этой территории.
Деятельность Семиреченского областного статистического комитета по сохранению историко-культурного наследия в регионе в конце XIX — начале XX в.
Authors: Скопа Виталий Александрович 
Published: January 2020

На основе архивного материала и опубликованных источников рассматривается деятельность Семиреченского областного статистического комитета в конце XIX — начале XX в. по сохранению историко-культурного наследия в регионе посредством музейной деятельности. Анализ выявленных источников позволил реконструировать отдельные направления в работе музея по формированию коллекций и самостоятельных экспозиций.
Музей первоначально состоял из пяти отделов: физико-географического, этнографического, сельскохозяйственного, кустарно-промышленного и археологического. С конца XIX в. экспонаты музея пополнялись в основном за счёт пожертвований частных лиц, уездных начальников, учебных заведений, местных и центральных учреждений. Первыми меценатами были члены комитета Э.О. Баум и К.А. Ларионов. Они пожертвовали свои личные коллекции. Значимость формируемых музейных коллекций и экспозиций в регионе оценивалась весьма высоко.
С целью развития и пополнения коллекций музея члены статистического комитета организовывали и проводили научные экспедиции. В начале XX столетия на территории Семиречья с научной целью при непосредственном участии членов комитета работали экспедиции профессора Томского университета В.В. Сапожникова, Балхашская экспедиция действительного члена ИРГО Л.С. Берга и экспедиция Императорского Санкт-Петербургского ботанического сада.
A Human REPIN1 Gene Variant: Genetic Risk Factor for the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Abshagen Kerstin , Berger Claudia , Dietrich Arne , Schütz Tatjana , Wittekind Christian , Stumvoll Michael , Blüher Matthias , Klöting Nora 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:
We tested the hypothesis that a genetic deletion (Del) variant in the REPIN1 gene is associated with the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans.

METHODS:
Sixty-three donors of liver biopsies from individuals with obesity and different degrees of NAFLD and fibrosis were screened for a Del REPIN1 gene variant and liver REPIN1 mRNA expression.

RESULTS:
In 8 homozygous Del carriers, we found significantly lower NAFLD activity and fibrosis scores compared with 55 wild-type allele carriers.

DISCUSSION:
A Del variant of REPIN1 may be associated with a lower risk of the development of NAFLD.
Effect of antisolvents on the structure of regenerated cellulose: development of an efficient regeneration process
Authors: Dong Cuihua , Meng Yahui , Wang Binshou , Zhu Wenyuan , Pang Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, the effect of antisolvents on the structure of regenerated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) obtained from the extraction of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) was investigated; further, the usage of the aqueous N,N-dimethylmethanamide (DMF) solution was proposed as an effective antisolvent for cellulose regeneration. The results denoted that regeneration after dissolution resulted in a looser cellulose texture with a high specific surface area, low degree of polymerization (DP), low crystallinity index (CrI), and decreased thermostability, which are favorable for its downstream processing. Among the studied antisolvents, the DMF solution was superior in cellulose regeneration from BmimCl, as demonstrated by the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis. The improved ability of the DMF solution with respect to cellulose regeneration can be attributed to the effective dispersion of H-bonds and the inductive hydrophobic orientation of cellulose chains; correspondingly, a looser H-bond network was observed in the regenerated cellulose. The DMF solution as an antisolvent offers an effective cellulose regeneration method and an optimal structure for subsequent processing and applications.
Callose-synthesizing enzymes as membrane proteins of Betula protoplasts secrete bundles of β-1,3-glucan hollow fibrils under Ca2+-rich and acidic culture conditions
Authors: Matsuo Shintaro , Tagawa Satomi , Matsusaki Yudai , Uchi Yuri , Kondo Tetsuo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Previously, it was reported that plant protoplasts isolated from Betula platyphylla (white birch) callus secreted bundles of hollow callose fibrils in acidic culture medium containing a high concentration of calcium ions (Ca2+). Here, the callose synthase was characterized from in situ and in vitro perspectives. Localization of callose synthases at the secreting site of callose fiber was indicated from in situ immunostaining observation of protoplasts. For in vitro analyses, membrane proteins were extracted from membrane fraction of protoplasts with a 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) treatment. The CHAPS extract aggregated in the presence of a high concentration of Ca2+, suggesting that Ca2+ may promote the arrangement of callose synthases in the plasma membrane. The callose synthase activity was dependent on pH and Ca2+, similar to the callose synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the synthesized fibril products were longer than those produced by callose synthases of herbaceous plants. This is the first insight into the specific properties of callose synthases of woody plants that secrete of callose hollow fibers.
Progestogen-only pills: which progestogen would be ideal
Authors: Egarter Christian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Compared with nonuse, combined hormonal contraceptives containing estrogen and a progestogen are associated with a roughly 2- to 3-fold increased risk of venous and a 2-fold increased risk of arterial thromboembolism, including stroke and acute myocardial infarction. These events are, however, overall rare among women of reproductive age. Historically, progestin-only pills were not thought to be linked with any thromboembolic risk increase. Therefore, these preparations may be valuable options in women who are ineligible to take combined hormonal contraceptives. Until recently, only progestogens with partial androgenic activities were available. As demonstrated in animal studies, more modern progestogens such as drospirenone with its anti-mineralocorticoid effects may be associated with even more favorable aspects, which have to be clinically demonstrated, however, in future studies.
“Any surrogate mothers?” A Debate on surrogacy in internet discussion forums
Authors: Doskočil Ondřej 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Surrogacy has long been discussed in reproductive medicine. In the Czech Republic, surrogacy is not legally regulated. Because of this legal vacuum, there are no official procedures or organizations that openly deal with surrogacy. Potential surrogate mothers and applicants do not have many options for obtaining or sharing information. The only source is the Internet. Online forums are a popular tool for gaining information and contacts regarding surrogacy. The goal of this research was to use qualitative research methods to survey the most searched and discussed topics on Czech online discussion forum websites. We used discussions that we found on www.emimino.cz between 2009 and 2019. This article analyses the comments of the Internet forum discussants/participants, their involvement, knowledge of surrogacy, the information sought and their opinions. In particular, the participants discussed where to find a surrogate mother or how to become one. This article attempts to outline the discussions ordinary people have about surrogacy outside official expert forums.
Crime and Testament: Enemy Direct Speech in Inscriptions of Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal
Authors: Miller Eva 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNeo-Assyrian royal inscriptions are always narrated in the first-person voice of the king. Within this framing narrative, the device that we would call ‘direct speech’ is used only rarely, and judiciously. The texts that make the greatest use of this literary device both come from a period of particular innovation and experimentation in royal text forms: Esarhaddon’s Nineveh A and Ashurbanipal’s narratives about his campaign against Elamite king Teumman. In these examples, and in other texts of the time including Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaty, the words of enemies stand out as particularly threatening – and yet also particularly useful, as a literary device employed to further Assyrian agendas. Royal narratives use enemy speech for one of two purposes: either to document criminality, or to show enemies, in defeat and despair, testifying to the might and rightness of their Assyrian conquerors. Looking at all examples of speech – from enemies, gods, and the Assyrian king – I distinguish between ‘direct speech’ (as a literary device) and ‘quotation’ (as a practice). Most, though not all, direct speech in the sources considered here is also quotation, in that it seeks to document and preserve speech made in some other prior form (a verbal statement, a letter, an omen on an animal’s liver). Quotations demonstrate royal legitimacy and enemy culpability, while literary invention allows enemy voices to be turned to new purposes, as forced testament to Assyrian supremacy.
Prolegomena to a special volume on South Asian phonetics and phonology
Authors: Mahanta Shakuntala , Dutta Indranil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter is a short thematic introduction to the papers that appear in this special volume on the phonetics and phonology of a selective but representative set of languages from the South Asian sprachbund. The volume consists of five papers that engage with a broad set of topics, namely, acoustics of Kalasha affricates, perception of breathiness in Gujarati, syllable structure of Kuki-Chin, syllable structure and incipient vowels in Lamkang, and vowel harmony in Assamese. These papers, we hope, are representative in terms of the choice of theoretical frameworks and methodologies employed in addressing the various linguistic phenomena.
Some Reflections on the Political Economy of Monetary Policy
Authors: de Haan Jakob 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDuring the past decades, central bank independence has been increased in a large number of countries. However, even an independent central bank does not operate in a political vacuum. For instance, governments generally appoint political allies, presuming that consequently the central bank will follow policies that are in line with the governments’ preferences. The first part of this paper reviews recent research on whether the political ideology of the government has any impact on monetary policies pursued. It is argued that if forward-looking data are used to estimate Taylor-rule models for a panel of OECD countries that take country heterogeneity into account, there is no strong evidence for partisan effects on monetary policy. One of the reasons that central bank independence is no longer taken for granted is the acclaimed redistributive effects of monetary policy. The second part of the paper reviews recent research on the impact of conventional and unconventional monetary policy on income and wealth inequality. It is concluded that empirical research provides very mixed evidence on these issues and that it is not well connected to recent theoretical work.
The DICA Endoscopic Classification for Diverticular Disease of the Colon Shows a Significant Interobserver Agreement among Community Endoscopists: an International Study
Authors: Tursi Antonio , Brandimarte Giovanni , Di Mario Francesco , Lanas Angel , Scarpignato Carmelo , Bafutto Mauro , Barbara Giovanni , Bassotti Gabrio , Binda Gian Andrea , Biondi Alberto , Biondo Sebastiano , Cassieri Claudio , Crucitti Antonio , Dumitrascu Dan L. , Elisei Walter , Escalante Ricardo , Herszènyi László , Kruis Wolfgang , Kupcinskas Juozas , Lahat Adi , Lecca Piera Giuseppina , Maconi Giovanni , Malfertheiner Peter , Mazzari Andrea , Mearìn Fermìn , Milosavljeviċ Tomica , Nardone Gerardo , Chavez De Oliveira Enio , Papa Alfredo , Papagrigoriadis Savvas , Pera Miguel , Persiani Roberto , Picchio Marcello , Regula Jaroslaw , Štimac Davor , Stollman Neil , Strate Lisa L. , Walker Marjorie M.D. 
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims: The Diverticular Inflammation and Complication Assessment (DICA) endoscopic classification of diverticulosis and diverticular disease (DD) is currently available. It scores severity of the disease as DICA 1, DICA 2 and DICA 3. Our aim was to assess the agreement on this classification in an international endoscopists community setting.
Methods: A total of 96 doctors (82.9% endoscopists) independently scored a set of DD endoscopic videos. The percentages of overall agreement on DICA score and a free-marginal multirater kappa (κ) coefficient were reported as statistical measures of interrater agreement.
Results: Overall agreement in using DICA was 91.8% with a free-marginal kappa of 88% (95% CI 80-95). The overall agreement levels were: DICA 1, 85.2%; DICA 2, 96.5%; DICA 3, 99.5%. The free marginal κ was: DICA 1 = 0.753, DICA 2 = 0.958, DICA 3 = 0.919. The agreement about the main endoscopic items was 83.4% (k 67%) for diverticular extension, 62.6% (k 65%) for number of diverticula for each district, 86.8% (k 82%) for presence of inflammation, and 98.5 (k 98%) for presence of complications.
Conclusions: The overall interrater agreement in this study ranges from good to very good. DICA score is a simple and reproducible endoscopic scoring system for diverticulosis and DD.