bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Novel Coronavirus Disease-COVID-19: Pandemic and Its Impact on Environment
Authors: Gautam Mayur , Kumari Sneha , Gautam Shrestha , Singh Ranjay Kumar , Kureel R. S. 
Published: July 2020

The global disturbance caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a number of effects and impacts on human beings and environment. The widespread coronavirus has caused diminishment worldwide in human lives and financial movement, inspite of the fact that typically major cause for concern, the inclining down of human movement and intervention shows a positive effect on the environment and climate. Industrial and transport outflows effluents have decreased measurable data bolsters the clearing of toxins and contamination in the air, soil and water. This impact is additionally in differentiate to carbon outflows, which was shot up by 5 percent after the worldwide financial related crash over a decade prior. As a result of boost investing on fossil fuels utilize to kick begin the worldwide economy. Water bodies have too been clearing and the Yamuna and Ganga as well as other rivers have seen critical advancement since the authorization of across and complete nationwide lockdown from 23rd March to 3rd June, 2020 as well as partial lockdown thereafter. Concurring to the real-time water observing information the normal water quality of 27 focuses of the Ganga seen in later days is reasonable for washing and proliferation of natural life and fisheries.
Apart human lives, it has also been discussed that how to save our nature and environment by lockdown habit and guidelines need to be issued by Central Pollution Control Board disposed of precautionary material like gloves, mask, sanitizers and biomedical waste of medical health centers and quarantine centers.
Heavy Metals Concentration in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Grown around Some Gold Mining Areas of Zamfara State, Nigeria
Authors: Uket N. O. Sam- , Bate G. B. 
Published: July 2020

Aims: This study was aimed at determining the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe and Au) in mango plant parts (roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits) from two gold mining areas (Maraba and Duke) and the control (Kadauri) in Zamfara State, Nigeria for establishment of a baseline data for these metals and determining the suitability of the mango fruit for consumption.
Study Design: Analytical study design was applied in a stratified manner for the research.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the environmental technology laboratory, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology (NARICT), Zaria, Nigeria between March and August 2019.
Methodology: A cumulative total of 96 samples of plant parts (roots, stem barks, leaves and fruits) were collected and analysed for Lead, Cadmium, Iron and Gold using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion with a mixture of 20 ml HNO3 and 8 ml HClO4.
Results: The results obtained for the mean metal concentrations were; most abundant, Pb (62.07 ± 54.09 mg/kg) in mango roots from Duke and the least abundant, Cd (0.52 ± 0.44 mg/kg) in fruits from Kadauri. All the metals had very high (> 0.5) translocation factors indicating fast movement from the roots to the shoots while the mean values of these metals in the fruits were found to be above the WHO and FAO maximum permissible limits which shows high level of contamination as a result of gold mining activities. Metals generally occurred in the order: Pb>Fe> Au > Cd and they differed across sampling stations with the mining areas having significantly (P<0.05) higher values than the control.
Conclusion: Heavy metals concentration in mango plant was found to be generally higher than the permissible limits hence the fruits are considered unsuitable for human consumption.
Association between amphetamine‐related disorders and dementia‐a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Tzeng Nian‐Sheng , Chien Wu‐Chien , Chung Chi‐Hsiang , Chang Hsin‐An , Kao Yu‐Chen , Liu Yia‐Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe have conducted a study to clarify the association between amphetamine‐related disorders (ARD) and the risk of developing dementia.MethodsThis study used a retrospective cohort design by using Taiwan’s National Health Research Institute Database. A random sample of 68,300 subjects between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, was obtained, comprising of 17,075 patients with ARD, and 51,225 controls without ARD (1:3), matched for gender and age group. After adjusting for covariates, a Fine and Gray’s survival analysis (competing with mortality) was used to compare the risk of dementia during a 15‐year follow‐up period.ResultsIn the present study, 1,751 of 17,075 patients with ARD and 2,147 of 51,225 in the control group without ARD (883.10 vs 342.83 per 100,000 person‐years) developed dementia. ARD cohort was more likely to develop dementia (hazard ratio = 4.936 [95% CI: 4.609–5.285, P < 0.001). After adjusting for gender, age groups, education, monthly insured premiums, urbanization level, geographic region, comorbidities, the hazard ratio for ARD patients was 5.034 (95% CI: 4.701–5.391, P < 0.001). ARD has been associated with overall dementia, Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia, and other dementia. Both the amphetamine use disorder and amphetamine‐induced psychotic disorders were associated with the risk of overall dementia, Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia, and other dementia.InterpretationThis study shows that patients with ARD, both the amphetamine use disorder and the amphetamine‐induced psychotic disorder, may have a nearly fivefold risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer dementia and other types of dementia.
Surface Ligand Management Aided by a Secondary Amine Enables Increased Synthesis Yield of CsPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dots and High Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Wang Yao , Yuan Jianyu , Zhang Xuliang , Ling Xufeng , Larson Bryon W. , Zhao Qian , Yang Yingguo , Shi Yao , Luther Joseph M. , Ma Wanli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLead‐halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) or more broadly, nanocrystals possess advantageous features for solution‐processed photovoltaic devices. The nanocrystal surface ligands play a crucial role in the transport of photogenerated carriers and ultimately affect the overall performance of PQD solar cells. Significantly improved CsPbI3 PQD synthetic yield and solar‐cell performance through surface ligand management are demonstrated. The treatment of a secondary amine, di‐n‐propylamine (DPA), provides a mild and efficient approach to control the surface ligand density of PQDs, which has an apparently different working mechanism compared to previously reported surface treatments. Using an optimal DPA concentration, the treatment can simultaneously remove both long‐chain insulating surface ligands of oleic acid and oleylamine, even for unpurified PQDs with high ligand density. As a result, the electrical coupling between PQDs is enhanced, leading to improved charge transport, reduced carrier recombination, and a high power conversion efficiency approaching 15% for CsPbI3‐PQD‐based solar cells. In addition, the production yield of CsPbI3 PQDs can be increased by a factor of 8. These results highlight the importance of developing new ligand‐management strategies, specifically for emerging PQDs to achieve scalable and high‐performance perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
Disulfide Bond Reversible Strategy Enables GSH Responsive‐Transferrin Nanoparticles for Precise Chemotherapy
Authors: Luo Yu , Liu Xianping , Liang Kaicheng , Chen Qian , Liu Tianzhi , Yin Bo , Chen Hangrong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEffective delivery of therapeutic agents into brain tissue for therapy of glioma remains a big challenge due to the presence of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). Herein, a disulfide bond on–off–on triplet regulation strategy is developed to endow transferrin nanoparticles with high up to 18.1% drug‐loading efficiency. Such transferrin nanoparticles of around 70 nm, specifically, DOX@Tfm NPs, are synthesized via self‐assembly of modified transferrin with hydrophobic doxorubicin (DOX), displaying glutathione (GSH)‐responsive DOX release behavior in the tumor microenvironment. These DOX@Tfm NPs maintain the naturally targeted activity of transferrin, which can effectively cross the BBB and target the transferrin receptor overexpressed on the surface of glioma cells for precise chemotherapy of orthotopic glioma. In vivo results confirm that DOX@Tfm NPs can effectively target orthotopic glioma in living mice, achieving enhanced efficiency in inhibiting tumor growth and increasing survival rate without obvious side effects being observed. This study presents a new avenue to develop natural protein materials as promising smart drug delivery systems for clinical transformation.
Novel Nanococktail of a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor and Cabazitaxel for Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Huang Yee , Xue Xiangdong , Li Xiaocen , Jia Bei , Pan Chong‐Xian , Li Yuanpei , Lin Tzu‐Yin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrognosis for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is poor, and no effective therapeutic regimen is yet known. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays a predominant role and may be a promising molecular target for CRPC. However, the toxicity of the dual PI3K inhibitors in clinical trials limits their clinical efficacy for CRPC. To solve this problem, a highly integrated precision nanomedicine strategy is employed to molecularly and physically target CRPC through enhanced targeted drug delivery efficiency and reduced unwanted side‐effects. Gedatolisib (Ge), a potent inhibitor of PI3K/mTOR, is formulated into disulfide cross‐linked micelle platform (NanoGe), which exhibits excellent water solubility, small size, excellent stability with redox stimulus‐responsive disintegration, and preferential uptake at tumor sites. NanoGe improves the anti‐neoplastic effect of free Ge by 53 times in PC‐3M cells and 13 times in C4‐2B cells, through its enhanced uptake via caveolae‐ and clathrin‐mediated endocytic pathways and the subsequent inhibition of the PI3K/mTOR pathway, resulting in Bax/Bcl‐2‐dependent apoptosis. In vivo, NanoGe shows superior efficacy than free Ge, and synergizes with nanoformulated cabazitaxel (NanoCa) as a nanococktail format to achieve a cure rate of 83%. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate the potency of NanoGe in combination with NanoCa against CRPC.
An algorithm competition for automatic species identification from herbarium specimens
Authors: Little Damon P. , Tulig Melissa , Tan Kiat Chuan , Liu Yulong , Belongie Serge , Kaeser‐Chen Christine , Michelangeli Fabián A. , Panesar Kiran , Guha R.V. , Ambrose Barbara A. 
Published: July 2020

PremisePlant biodiversity is threatened, yet many species remain undescribed. It is estimated that >50% of undescribed species have already been collected and are awaiting discovery in herbaria. Robust automatic species identification algorithms using machine learning could accelerate species discovery.MethodsTo encourage the development of an automatic species identification algorithm, we submitted our Herbarium 2019 data set to the Fine‐Grained Visual Categorization sub‐competition (FGVC6) hosted on the Kaggle platform. We chose to focus on the flowering plant family Melastomataceae because we have a large collection of imaged herbarium specimens (46,469 specimens representing 683 species) and taxonomic expertise in the family. As is common for herbarium collections, some species in this data set are represented by few specimens and others by many.ResultsIn less than three months, the FGVC6 Herbarium 2019 Challenge drew 22 teams who entered 254 models for Melastomataceae species identification. The four best algorithms identified species with >88% accuracy.DiscussionThe FGVC competitions provide a unique opportunity for computer vision and machine learning experts to address difficult species‐recognition problems. The Herbarium 2019 Challenge brought together a novel combination of collections resources, taxonomic expertise, and collaboration between botanists and computer scientists.
Maximizing human effort for analyzing scientific images: A case study using digitized herbarium sheets
Authors: Brenskelle Laura , Guralnick Rob P. , Denslow Michael , Stucky Brian J. 
Published: July 2020

PremiseDigitization and imaging of herbarium specimens provides essential historical phenotypic and phenological information about plants. However, the full use of these resources requires high‐quality human annotations for downstream use. Here we provide guidance on the design and implementation of image annotation projects for botanical research.Methods and ResultsWe used a novel gold‐standard data set to test the accuracy of human phenological annotations of herbarium specimen images in two settings: structured, in‐person sessions and an online, community‐science platform. We examined how different factors influenced annotation accuracy and found that botanical expertise, academic career level, and time spent on annotations had little effect on accuracy. Rather, key factors included traits and taxa being scored, the annotation setting, and the individual scorer. In‐person annotations were significantly more accurate than online annotations, but both generated relatively high‐quality outputs. Gathering multiple, independent annotations for each image improved overall accuracy.ConclusionsOur results provide a best‐practices basis for using human effort to annotate images of plants. We show that scalable community science mechanisms can produce high‐quality data, but care must be taken to choose tractable taxa and phenophases and to provide informative training material.
Intravesical gemcitabine as bladder‐preserving treatment for BCG unresponsive non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Results from a single‐arm, open‐label study
Authors: Hurle Rodolfo , Casale Paolo , Morenghi Emanuela , Saita Alberto , Buffi Nicolòmaria , Lughezzani Giovanni , Colombo Piergiuseppe , Contieri Roberto , Frego Nicola , Guazzoni Giorgio , Lazzeri Massimo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is an unmet alternative medical therapy for BCG unresponsive patients.ObjectiveTo report efficacy of intravesical gemcitabine in NMIBC patients, who failed a previous course of BCG, or intolerant, and unwilling to undergo radical cystectomy (RC).Material and methodsThis is an open‐label, single‐arm study, which enrolled patients showing a failure or were intolerant to BCG and unwilling to undergo the RC. Intravesical gemcitabine was administered once a week for six consecutive weeks and once a month for 12 months. The primary outcome was DFS defined as the lack of a tumor on cystoscopy and negative urine cytology. Secondary endpoint was safety defined according a grading of side effects. OS, PFS, and DFS were described with Kaplan–Meier method at 12 and 24 months.Results and limitationsOverall 36 patients were enrolled. The median follow‐up was 27 months. The DFS was 68.75% at the end of induction phase and 44.44% and 31.66% at 12 and 24 months of, respectively. The PFS was 43.75%. The OS and CSS were 77.9% (95% CI 58.78%‐88.92%) and 80.68% (95% CI 61.49%‐90.96%), respectively. There was no life threatening event or treatment‐related death (grade 4 or 5). The most common mild and moderate adverse events reported were urinary symptoms (LUTS) and fatigue (G1‐G2).ConclusionPatients who presented an unresponsive‐BCG recurrent NMIBC and unwilling to receive a RC, could benefit from intravesical gemcitabine as salvage organ‐sparing treatment.
Eggshell Biliverdin as an Antioxidant Maternal Effect
Authors: Morales Judith 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this essay, the hypothesis that biliverdin pigment plays an antioxidant role in the avian eggshell is proposed. Due to its ability to scavenge free radical species and to reduce mutation, biliverdin potentially counteracts the oxidative action of pathogens that penetrate the eggshell and/or protects the shell membrane from oxidation, thus promoting the proven antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of the shell membrane itself. Additionally, biliverdin may be able to inhibit viral replication in the eggshell due to its ascribed antiviral properties. Moreover, previous results in other taxa leave open the question of whether biliverdin can be absorbed by the embryo from the eggshell and play a role in embryogenesis. These mechanisms of antioxidant action of eggshell biliverdin remain totally unexplored in birds and in other oviparous animals. The main assumptions and predictions of the antioxidant hypothesis are developed, and directions for future research are proposed.
Improving cardiology fellow education of right heart catheterization using a simulation based curriculum
Authors: Davidson Laura J. , Chow Kimberly Y. , Jivan Arif , Prenner Stuart B. , Cohen Elaine R. , Schimmel Daniel R. , McGaghie William C. , Barsuk Jeffrey H. , Wayne Diane B. , Sweis Ranya N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMedical procedures are traditionally taught informally at patients' bedside through observation and practice using the adage “see one, do one, teach one.” This lack of formalized training can cause trainees to be unprepared to perform procedures independently. Simulation based education (SBE) increases competence, reduces complications, and decreases costs. We developed, implemented, and evaluated the efficacy of a right heart catheterization (RHC) SBE curriculum.MethodsThe RHC curriculum consisted of a pretest, video didactics, deliberate practice, and a posttest. Pre‐and posttest skills examinations consisted of a dichotomous 43‐item checklist on RHC skills and a 14‐item hemodynamic waveform quiz. We enrolled two groups of fellows: 6 first‐year, novice cardiology fellows at Northwestern University in their first month of training, and 11 second‐ and third‐year fellows who had completed traditional required, level I training in RHC. We trained the first‐year fellows at the beginning of the 2018–2019 year using the SBE curriculum and compared them to the traditionally‐trained cardiology fellows who did not complete SBE.ResultsThe SBE‐trained fellows significantly improved RHC skills, hemodynamic knowledge, and confidence from pre‐ to posttesting. SBE‐trained fellows performed similarly to traditionally‐trained fellows on simulated RHC skills checklists (88.4% correct vs. 89.2%, p = .84), hemodynamic quizzes (94.0% correct vs. 86.4%, p = .12), and confidence (79.4 vs. 85.9 out of 100, p = .15) despite less clinical experience.ConclusionsA SBE curriculum for RHC allowed novice cardiology fellows to achieve level I skills and knowledge at the beginning of fellowship and can train cardiology fellows before patient contact.
Simulation Analysis of the Heat Transfer Performance of an N‐type Microchannel Heat Exchanger
Authors: Zhang Ying , Pan Minqiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA microchannel heat exchanger with a triangular wave and symmetrical triangular wave structure was proposed in this paper. In addition, a new N‐type microchannel heat exchanger was developed to balance the heat transfer performance and pressure drop. The relationship between different configurations of the N structure of the microchannel and the heat transfer performance was analyzed. The results showed that, at a high inlet flow rate, the symmetrical triangular wave microchannel had the best heat transfer performance, followed by the triangular wave microchannel and the straight channel. At the same flow rate, the degree of disturbance of the fluid was highest in the symmetrical N‐structure microchannel, and an excellent heat transfer effect was observed.
Carbon‐Methanol Based Adsorption Heat Pumps: Identifying Accessible Parameter Space with Carbide‐Derived Carbon Model Materials
Authors: Träger Lisa , Gläsel Jan , Scherle Marc , Hartmann Julian , Nieken Ulrich , Etzold Bastian J. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn adsorption heat pumps, the properties of the porous adsorbent and the refrigerant determine the performance. Major parameters for this working pair are the total uptake of the adsorptive, its kinetics, and the heat transfer characteristics. In the technical application despite powdered adsorbents, thin consolidated layers of the adsorbent can be attractive and obtained by a binder‐based approach but likely result in competing material properties. Thus, for a process optimization, the accessible parameter space and interdependencies have to be known and were deduced in this work for model porous carbons (carbide‐derived carbons derived from TiC and ZrC) and methanol as well as the addition of different amounts of boron nitride, silver, and graphite as heat‐conductive agents and the use of two binders.
Designing Selective Electrode Materials for Electroanalysis –New Tungsten Bronzes as Selective Potassium Hosts
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Yang Minjun , Cooper Joshaniel F. K. , Clarke Simon J. , Rasche Bertold , Compton Richard G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCommercially available monoclinic tungsten oxide WO3 (Pearson symbol mP32) is investigated electrochemically for its selectivity and sensitivity towards potassium ion detection. Electroreduction in aqueous potassium chloride solution shows two distinct phases, identified as tungsten bronzes KxWO3 (phase 1: maximum x1
0.1 and phase 2: maximum x2≈0.3). In situ synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction reveals the concomitant structural changes, and both phases are identified as new, so far unreported, perovskite‐derived potassium bronzes (space group P4/nmm and I
3 m, respectively). In cyclic voltammetry, only the first insertion step is found to be reversible. Potentiostatic insertion and the subsequent voltammetric de‐insertion show selectivity toward potassium against lithium and sodium in 0.1 M aqueous solutions. The sensitivity towards potassium is analysed in a concentration range between 1 mM and 100 mM. Two linear regions are found for the response, which we relate to two different rate‐determining steps, depending on the concentration of potassium in solution.
Phasenwechselmaterial in Kugelkapseln für thermische Hybridspeicher
Authors: Goeke Johannes , Schwamborn Elisabeth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWärme‐ und Kältespeicher von Gebäuden beruhen auf verschiedenen Konzepten der Wärmeübertragung. Bei thermischen Hybridspeichern befindet sich das Phasenwechselmaterial (PCM) makroverkapselt in PCM‐Objekten, die im Speicherbehälter positioniert sind und vom Wärmeträgerfluid umströmt werden. Die experimentellen Untersuchungen widmen sich den Belade‐ und Entladeeigenschaften des in Kugeln makroverkapselten PCM. Es wird gezeigt, dass die spezifische Wärmeübertragungsleistung eines Hybridspeichers unmittelbar von der Größe der Kugeln als auch von der spezifischen Wärmeleitfähigkeit des PCM abhängt.