bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative evaluation of compressive strength and morphological interface of carbonated hydroxyapatite with other pulp capping materials: An in vitro analysis
Authors: Priyadharshini S. Swathi , Ragavendran Chinnasamy , Sherwood I. Anand , Jeyapalan Ramanaramya 
Published: February 2025

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the compressive strength of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) to other pulp capping materials and to assess the morphological interface of CHA when immediately restored with final restorative material.

Methods:
CHA was synthesized and subsequently subjected to characterization. To evaluate compressive strength, samples were prepared in stainless steel molds and then divided into two groups for testing: immediate and after 24 h of incubation. They were subsequently subjected to compressive strength testing using an INSTRON universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS software. Samples were prepared and divided into three groups to assess the bond interface between pulp capping materials and restorative materials using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results:
ApaCal ART exhibited the highest compressive strength immediately after setting and after 24 h, followed by mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), with CHA showing the lowest strength. SEM examination revealed consistent interpenetration between the pulp capping materials and adhesive system for all groups. CHA and MTA showed an interdiffusion zone at the junction, while the ApaCal group displayed voids at the interface.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, although CHA may not match the compressive strength of other materials, its reliable bonding characteristics make it a promising candidate for clinical applications in pulp capping procedures.
Prediction of Loss of Reduction in Unstable Colles’ Fractures following Supplementary Percutaneous K-wire Pinning
Authors: Hsueh Cheng-Yang , Ma Ching-Hou , Tu Yuan-Kun , Jou I-Ming , Wu Chin-Hsien 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Colles’ fractures are one of the most common types of injury treated by an orthopedic surgeon. With a rapid increase in elderly populations, supplementary percutaneous K-wire pinning may not be able to maintain fracture reduction for those higher-demand elderly. Taiwan National Health Insurance is considering to enroll the locking plate systems into a benefit package.

Objectives:
This retrospective study assessed the radiographic outcome and to determine predictive factors for loss of reduction of unstable Colles’ fractures following supplementary percutaneous K-wire pinning, and our study may provide some evidence when regulating suitable populations indicated for locking plate systems.

Materials and Methods:
From December 2015 to December 2018, 59 patients with unstable Colles’ fractures were treated with percutaneous K-wire pinning and immobilized with plasters or external fixators. There were 37 women and 22 men, with a mean age of 56.4 (range, 18–84) years. Patient factors, pre- and postreduction radiographic parameters, and follow-up radiographic parameters were recorded. During 3 months of follow-up, patients were classified into a “loss of reduction” group or a “maintained reduction” group according to the criteria of “loss of reduction.”

Results:
At the end of the 3-month follow-up, there were 18 patients (31%) whose Colles’ fractures were united as loss of reduction. Prereduction radial height, radial inclination, ulnar variance, dorsal tilting, and the presence of radial comminution do not predict the loss of reduction of unstable Colles’ fractures. The presence of dorsal comminution (odds ratio [OR], 26.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.35–293.70; P = 0.008) was the most important risk factor for loss of reduction, followed by female gender (OR, 3.55; 95% CI, 0.54–23.20; P = 0.186) and advanced age (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.16; P = 0.024).

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that a more rigid fixation modality than simply percutaneous K-wire pinning might be considered when we treat an elderly female with a dorsally comminuted unstable Colles’ fracture. However, a long-term follow-up of functional outcomes is still required for a more thorough understanding of this issue.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Versus Hydroalcoholic Extract of Mangifera indica Linn Leaves in Different Concentrations Against Streptococcus Mutans - An in vitro Study
Authors: Lilly B.K. , Prashant G.M. , Sushanth V.H. , Imranulla Mohamed , Allamaprabhu C.R. , Vivek H.P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim:
To evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts and hydroalcoholic extracts of Mangifera indica Linn (mango) plant leaves on Streptococcus Mutans in comparison with the positive control (chlorhexidine 0.12%) and negative control (alcohol 96%).

Settings and Design:
Ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Mangifera indica Linn leaves were obtained by following the extraction procedure. A disc diffusion test was carried out for each group on Streptococcus Mutans.

Materials and Methods:
In brain heart infusion agar, Mangifera indica ethanol extract (MEE) and Mangifera indica hydroalcoholic extract (MHE) at 100% and 25% were applied to S. mutans cultures in comparison to the positive (chlorhexidine 0.12%) and negative (alcohol 96%) control groups. For every study group, cultures were produced using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method, and incubating the cultures at 37°C for 24 hours.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The data were analysed using two-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc test.

Result:
It was found that the MHE 100% and 25% had a higher antibacterial activity of 27.8 ± 1.7 mm and 21.8 ± 1.0mm at 75 mg/ml, respectively compared to other groups. Extracts were found to have statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus Mutans.

Conclusion:
All the six groups used in the present study showed antibacterial efficacy and were effective against Streptococcus Mutans. Chlorhexidine continues to remain the gold standard. In comparison with control groups and extracts, MHE 100% showed a maximum zone of inhibition (27.8 ± 1.7 mm at 75 mg/ml) followed by other groups with statistically significant differences. Hence the herbal alternatives proved to be an effective and safe alternative and can be used as conventional modes of treatment.
Intraoperative Identification of Parathyroid Tissue Using the Ratio of Aspartate Transaminase to Lactate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Bhat Ganesh , Sooraj Rizhin , Mishra Anand K. , Ramakant Pooja , Rahalkar Ashwinee , Rana Chanchal , Ali Wahid , Singh Kul R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Inadvertent devascularisation or removal of parathyroid glands (PT) during thyroidectomy necessitates their autotransplantation after Frozen section (FS). FS is time-consuming, tedious and expensive, disrupts the pathology department and is not universally available. This study aimed to determine the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to lactate dehydrogenase (AST/LDH) of PT extracts to differentiate it from fat, thyroid, and lymph node (LN).

Methods:
This prospective study was conducted on all patients planned for any thyroid or parathyroid surgery. Intra-operatively, a 2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 mm3 of the devascularised or inadvertently removed PT was excised, minced in 2 mL normal saline and the supernatant fluid was sent to the standard lab for AST/LDH estimation. The minced tissue was sent for histopathological examination for confirmation. Thyroid, LN and fat samples were taken as controls and analysed similarly. Parathyroid adenoma (PTA) was analysed separately.

Results:
The mean AST/LDH ratios of PT (0.311 ± 0.176) were significantly higher than that of thyroid, fat and LN. A cut-off of ≥0.165 for PT had a sensitivity and specificity of 83.8% and 83.1% against thyroid tissue, 83.8% and 74% against fat, and 83.8% and 100% against LN. AST/LDH ratio of PTA was found to be 0.318.

Conclusion:
AST/LDH ratio can be a simple, reliable, less labour-intensive method of identification of PT and can be a replacement for FS. The high specificity to differentiate an LN is clinically relevant in central compartment lymph node dissections with a higher probability of inadvertent removal or devascularisation of PT.
Endocrinology and Supernatural Beliefs; A Review
Authors: Khare Jaideep , Pendharkar Preeti S. , Kalra Sanjay , Jindal Sushil 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Medical Science is ever-evolving, advancing and progressing for better understanding and management of diseases. However, despite these advancements and progression, even today we can find superstition, non-scientific thinking and supernatural beliefs influencing the way people think and behave to manage their diseases. Supernatural beliefs are beliefs in things that do not and cannot exist to the best of scientific knowledge, but which appear real to believers. Supernatural beliefs involve the acceptance of phenomena that transcend scientific understanding and can affect health behaviour and understanding. Endocrinology is the branch of science that deals with endocrine glands and hormones, which regulate mood, growth, development, metabolism and the way our organs work to maintain internal homeostasis. Supernatural beliefs may have an impact on endocrine health. So, in this review, we will discuss supernatural beliefs and endocrine health.
Unraveling BURnout Determinants among ENdocrinologists in Indian conText (UNBURDEN-IT)
Authors: Bhat Sowrabha , Mondal Sunetra , Nagendra Lakshmi , Bhattacharya Saptarshi , Boro Hiya , Dutta Deep , Kalra Sanjay , Bhadada Sanjay K. , Sahay Rakesh K. , Kumar Hari KVS 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Burnout is a growing concern among healthcare providers, with varying prevalence by specialty. While reports suggest that up to half of endocrinologists experience burnout, few systematic studies exist to identify the factors responsible.

Methods:
We conducted an electronic survey of practicing endocrinologists across India. The survey included demographic information and a modified 10-item Mini-Z questionnaire.

Results:
The prevalence of self-reported professional burnout was 12.1% (n = 41) among 339 endocrinologists (236 males, 103 females) with a mean age of 42.5 years. About 25.4% reported a joyful workplace, 34.5% reported a highly supportive work environment, and 79.6% experienced a high work pace and documentation-related stress. Burnout was associated with younger age, fewer years in practice, increased working days, smoking, and lack of exercise (P < 0.03 for all). On logistic regression, smoking (OR: 8.18, 95%CI 1.97 – 33.9, P = 0.004) was positively associated with burnout, while daily exercise (OR: 0.3, 95%CI 0.11 – 0.78, P = 0.01) was negatively associated. Male endocrinologists (80.9%, P < 0.03) and those affiliated with academic institutions (86.5%, P < 0.03) expressed greater job satisfaction. Mini-Z scores positively correlated with age and years of practice (Pearson’s rho = 0.21, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with daily working hours (Pearson’s rho = −0.15, P < 0.003) and days worked per week (Pearson’s rho = −0.18, P < 0.003).

Conclusion:
Professional burnout was lower among Indian endocrinologists compared to global data. The risk was higher among professionals early in their careers. Embracing a healthy lifestyle including exercise and refraining from smoking are effective coping strategies.
Role of Anabolic Anti-Osteoporosis Therapy in Diabetes Subjects
Authors: Durgia Harsh , Palui Rajan , Sahoo Jayaprakash , Kamalanathan Sadishkumar , Naik Dukhabandhu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that leads to the destruction of various tissues including bones. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis (OP) varies in DM due to many specific factors. DM increases the risk of fracture as well as post-fracture mortality. It is because of this fact that OP treatment should not be neglected in patients with DM. OP therapy comprises anabolic as well as anti-resorptive agents. Primary OP as observed in post-menopausal women is associated with high bone turnover, whereas OP in DM is a disease of low bone turnover. Therefore, anabolic agents seem to be quite promising in cases of OP in DM. Although the anti-fracture efficacy of these drugs is proven beyond any doubt in the general population without DM, evidence in persons with DM is limited. Among the anabolic agents, teriparatide has the most evidence in favor of its efficacy and safety in persons with DM. Studies evaluating other anabolic agents such as abaloparatide and romosozumab in diabetic osteopathy are scarce in the literature. Future studies specifically in both type 1 and type 2 DM populations are needed to evaluate the effects of osteoanabolic agents.
Role of Multiple Cervical Biopsies on Colposcopy for the Detection of Premalignant and Malignant Lesions of the Cervix
Authors: Kaur Guneet , Shivani  , Zutshi Vijay , Yadav Amit Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Cervical cancer screening is done by various methods like pap smear testing, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and visual inspection with lugol’s iodine (VILI), and HPV DNA testing. All screen-positive women are subjected to colposcopy, and colposcopic-directed biopsy is taken from the abnormal area, and sent for histopathology, which is the gold standard for diagnosing premalignant and malignant lesions cervix. Colposcopy has some limitations because it is a subjective test, and its accuracy relies on the physician’s experience and performance to a great extent. To improve the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2+ lesions various studies have suggested taking multiple cervical biopsies from colposcopy-positive as well as negative areas.

Objective:
To study the role of four quadrant cervical biopsy on colposcopy to detect premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 women after obtaining ethics committee approval. Women in the age group of 21–65 years with any of the screening tests positive and with abnormal colposcopic findings were subjected to four quadrants cervical biopsy, directed biopsy from colposcopically abnormal quadrant and nondirected biopsy from colposcopically normal quadrant along with endocervical curettage (ECC).

Results:
The mean age was 41.27 years and most women had an age <20 years at the time of first sexual contact. About 95% of women had parity ≥3. On nondirected biopsy, 33.6% of premalignant lesions and 1% of malignant lesions were picked up, while 37.8% of lesions were benign on directed biopsy. Twelve percent additional CIN lesions were picked up by nondirected biopsy which could have been missed by directed biopsy. ECC in our study could pick up 2% of CIN lesions when Transformation Zone (TZ) was type 1, while 10% of CIN lesions were picked up in TZ type 2/3. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of colposcopy in predicting premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix using the Modified Reid Colposcopic Index were 51.7%, 46.8%, 47.6%, and 50.9% respectively.

Conclusions:
In addition to biopsies from colposcopy-positive areas, biopsies should be taken from colposcopy-negative quadrants of the cervix in women with abnormal screening tests. ECC should be performed when the TZ type is 2/3.
The reasons for the decrease in learning motivation of medical students in South Iran
Authors: Kojouri Javad , Charkhandaz Maryam , Hojat Mohsen 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
Numerous studies have shown that the motivation of medical students has decreased. If we know what factors decrease motivation, we can predict and reinforce learning behaviors in medical students. This study aimed to explore and explain the reasons for the decrease in the motivation of medical students at Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A qualitative design based on the conventional content analysis approach was used. This study was conducted at Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2019–2021. Data were drawn from 24 semi-structured interviews with 52 medical students in the third year to seventh year. Purposeful sampling was performed. The average interview time was (53.42 ± 22.18) minutes. The 12 individual interviews and five focus group discussions (40 participants) were immediately verbatim and analyzed by the Colaizzi method by Max-Q (2014) data software.

RESULTS:
The mean age was (22/30 ± 2/16). The mean grade was (13.34 ± 1.28). After conducting 24 semi-structural interviews, 180 in vivo codes, 17 primary codes, six sub-categories, and two main categories were obtained. Two main categories consist of the Cultural and Socio-Economic Capital Damaged and Unmotivated Educational System.

CONCLUSION:
Paying attention to the educational culture of the university and the economic, social, and cultural conditions of the society is necessary to improve students’ lack of motivation.
Evaluation of educational environment using the short-version Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM): A multicenter study
Authors: Shavoun Amin Hoseini , Mirzazadeh Azim , Kashani Homa , Raeeskarami Seyed Reza , Gandomkar Roghayeh 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
The quality of the educational environment (EE) influences residents’ achievement of learning outcomes and their professional development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the EE using the short-version Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) and compare residents’ perceptions in total and subscale PHEEM according to their age, sex, residency year, and specialty.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted at 12 teaching hospitals affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. We recruited residents from 24 specialties and from the first to third/fourth residency years. Data were collected using the short-version PHEEM, which consists of 12 items with three subscales: senior doctor support and teaching skills (4), conditions of working and time to learn (4), and lack of harassment (4). The association between scores in total and each subscale with sex, residency year, and specialty was assessed.

RESULTS:
In total, 538 residents from 24 specialties completed the questionnaire. Most participants were from internal medicine (n = 72, 13.4%). A total of 347 (64.5%) participants were females. The total PHEEM score was 20.60 (standard deviation (SD) 5.44) out of 48, with occupational medicine residents giving the highest scores and forensic medicine residents the lowest. The mean scores for the dimensions of senior doctor support and teaching skills were 7.55 (SD 2.87), for conditions of working and time to learn 6.08 (SD 3.94), and 6.95 (SD 3.22) for lack of harassment. There was no significant difference in total PHEEM scores for males and females. However, significant differences were found in subscales by sex. There were no statistically significant differences in residents’ perceptions of the EE (total and subscales) according to their residency years, but there were significant differences between the specialties (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The EE of the residency training program during COVID-19 was perceived to have plenty of problems that need immediate attention and follow-up.
Histochemical Triphenyltetrazoium Chloride Staining Versus Ordinary Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining in the Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Sudden Death Victims
Authors: Jebur Mohammad Abdulmohsin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Determining the cause of death in cases of sudden death continues to be a difficult task in forensic practice, with myocardial infarction being the leading cause of death. Given that significant visible changes typically take 24-48 hours to occur on the autopsy table. There is a necessity for a dependable and trustworthy test to identify early myocardial infarction MI, One potential test that shows promise is the triphenyltetrazoium chloride TTC stain.

Aims and Objectives:
To determine the diagnostic validity of the histochemical staining TTC of the heart in the gross detection of early MI.

Materials and Methods:
The current investigation was conducted in the Medico-Legal Directorate of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. over a span of 3 months, commencing from November 1, 2022 and concluding on February 1, 2023. A total of forty individuals who experienced sudden deaths were selected at random. All of these individuals exhibited signs and symptoms of an unexpected illness before their deaths, which were suspected to be of cardiac origin.

Results:
The male population comprises the predominant demographic in the study, accounting for approximately 92.5%, whereas females constitute 7.5%. Sixteen samples from each of the study groups exhibited minimal or no staining with TTC, indicating a positive diagnosis for recent myocardial infarction. Out of the total sixteen samples positive for TTC. Histopathological examination confirmed that fourteen samples were true positives, while two samples were identified as false positives for TTC. The positive predictive value (P value) and sensitivity of the test are 93.10% and the negative predictive value (P value) and specificity of the test are 81.81%. The probability of a positive TTC test result is 6.75, while the probability of a negative TTC test result is 2.25. The overall validity of the test is 90%.

Conclusion:
The TTC staining technique demonstrated a 90% validity in the study, establishing it as a dependable and esteemed test in routine forensic practice.
Computed Tomography-Based Estimation of Facial Soft-Tissue Thickness for Forensic Facial Reconstruction among Manipuri Population
Authors: Nongmeikapam Dhimi , Rani Smitha , Kumareswar Swathi , Muralidhar Nitin V. , Abhinandithe K. Stavelin , Divyashree N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
An unidentified body can arise in any form varying from a well-preserved corpse to skeletal remains or charred remains. When all the parameters for identification are lost, a reconstructed face can help in narrowing down the search. The morphometric method of facial reconstruction uses tables of average facial soft-tissue thickness (FSTT) data to guide the reconstruction. To date, no statistics on FSTT have been analyzed in the Manipuri population.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to estimate and develop an FSTT data set of the Manipuri population using computed tomography (CT) scans for forensic facial reconstruction.

Materials and Methods:
CT scans of the head were collected for 50 males and 50 females and measurement of FSTT in 25 landmarks of the skull was estimated. Descriptive statistics were applied and 10 samples were selected randomly to check the inter-observer variability by two examiners, technical error of measurement (TEM) was calculated, and paired t-test and correlation analysis were adopted.

Results:
TEM was negligible, statistical significance was observed in two landmarks, positive correlation between the two examiners. FSTT of Manipuri adults is generated. The variation of mean values between males and females is minimal. In comparison with values of other Indian populations, differences were observed in certain landmarks.

Conclusion:
This study plays a part in the growing database of FSTT globally. The data set provided can be applied for forensic facial reconstruction of the studied population.