bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a topical antioxidant serum containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and ferulic acid after Q‐switched 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser for treatment of environment‐induced skin pigmentation
Authors: Kim Jihee , Kim Jemin , Lee Young In , Almurayshid Abdurrahman , Jung Jin Young , Lee Ju Hee 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtrinsic skin aging caused by atmospheric pollutants is associated with a sustained inflammatory response which is a significant risk factor for lentigines and melasma.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical application of combination formulation of vitamin C, vitamin E, and ferulic acid as an adjuvant to Q‐switched Nd:YAG (QSNY) lasers treatment in individuals with lentigines and melasma.MethodsA single blinded, prospective, randomized split‐face trial was conducted. Eighteen men and women between 26 and 53 years old were treated with a combination antioxidant serum on one randomized side of their face immediately after QSNY laser and twice daily for 2 weeks. Patients were evaluated using digital photography and spectrometry to assess the melanin index and erythema index. Melasma severity score and global improvement scores also were assessed.ResultsThe treated side of the face exhibited a significantly greater reduction in the melanin index. There was no significant difference in post‐treatment erythema. More clinical improvement was observed on the treated side compared with the untreated side.ConclusionsOur study suggests that topical application of a combination vitamins C, E, and ferulic acid antioxidant formula may be effective as an adjuvant option in QSNY lasers.
Effect of tongue‐strengthening training combined with a tablet personal computer game in healthy adults
Authors: Hwang Na‐Kyoung , Kim Min‐Ji , Lee Gihyoun , Yoon Taehyung , Park Ji‐Su , Jung YoungJin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundGame‐based training has been shown to improve behavioural motor learning in various medical fields including rehabilitation.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of a tablet PC (personal computer) game‐based tongue training on tongue strength, thickness and compliance in healthy adults.MethodsThis study recruited 30 healthy volunteers. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 15/group). Group 1 performed game‐based tongue training, and group 2 performed tongue resistance training using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. Both groups performed the same tongue exercises as follows: frequency (isotonic = 30 times × 3, isometric = 20 seconds × 3), intensity (70% of 1‐repeated maximum contraction) and intervention period (5 days for 6 weeks). The primary outcomes were tongue muscle strength and thickness. Secondary outcomes were assessed using a 0‐to‐10 numerical rating self‐report scale that included motivation, interest/fun, physical effort and muscle fatigue/pain.ResultsBoth groups showed significant improvement in tongue strength and thickness, but there were no significant differences between the groups after the intervention. The self‐report scale numerical rating revealed that group 1 had significantly higher motivation and interest/fun after the exercise than group 2. Group 1 had expended a significantly lower physical effort than group 2. No significant differences were noted between the 2 groups for muscle fatigue/pain.ConclusionThis study showed that both exercises had similar effects on tongue strength and thickness increase in healthy adults, but game‐based tongue training was more fun and physically less demanding.
Effects of oral administration of 5 immunosuppressive agents on activated T‐cell cytokine expression in healthy dogs
Authors: Archer Todd M. , Mulligan Charlee , Narayanan Lakshmi , Riggs Caitlin , Fellman Claire , Thomason John M. , Wills Robert W. , Boothe Dawn M. , Cruz‐Espindola Crisanta , Harmon Roy , Mackin Andrew J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDogs are often adminstered >1 immunosuppressive medication when treating immune‐mediated diseases, and determining whether these different medications affect IL‐2 expression would be useful when performing pharmacodynamic monitoring during cyclosporine therapy.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the effects of 5 medications (prednisone, cyclosporine, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and leflunomide) on activated T‐cell expression of the cytokines IL‐2 and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ).AnimalsEight healthy dogs.MethodsRandomized, cross‐over study comparing values before and after treatment, and comparing values after treatment among drugs. Dogs were administered each drug at standard oral doses for 1 week, with a washout of at least 21 days. Activated T‐cell expression of IL‐2 and IFN‐γ mRNA was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Blood drug concentrations were measured for cyclosporine, mycophenolate, and leflunomide metabolites.ResultsLeast squares means (with 95% confidence interval) before treatment for IL‐2 (2.91 [2.32‐3.50] ΔCt) and IFN‐γ (2.33 [1.66‐3.00 ΔCt]) values were significantly lower (both P < .001) than values after treatment (10.75 [10.16‐11.34] and 10.79 [10.11‐11.46] ΔCt, respectively) with cyclosporine. Similarly, least squares means before treatment for IL‐2 (1.55 [1.07‐2.02] ΔCt) and IFN‐γ (2.62 [2.32‐2.92] ΔCt) values were significantly lower (both P < .001) than values after treatment (3.55 [3.06‐4.00] and 5.22 [4.92‐5.52] ΔCt, respectively) with prednisone. Comparing delta cycle threshold values after treatment among drugs, cyclosporine was significantly different than prednisone (IL‐2 and IFN‐γ both P < .001), with cyclosporine more suppressive than prednisone.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePrednisone and cyclosporine both affected expression of IL‐2 and IFN‐γ, suggesting that both have the ability to influence results when utilizing pharmacodynamic monitoring of cyclosporine treatment.
Altered primary iron sulfides in CM2 and CR2 carbonaceous chondrites: Insights into parent body processes
Authors: Singerling S. A. , Brearley A. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe presence of primary iron sulfides that appear to be aqueously altered in CM and CR carbonaceous chondrites provides the potential to study the effects and, by extension, the conditions of aqueous alteration. In this work, we have used SEM, TEM, and EPMA techniques to characterize primary sulfides that show evidence of secondary alteration. The alteration styles consist of primary pyrrhotite altering to secondary pentlandite (CMs only), magnetite (CMs and CRs), and phyllosilicates (CMs only) in grains that initially formed by crystallization from immiscible sulfide melts in chondrules (pyrrhotite‐pentlandite intergrowth [PPI] grains). Textural, microstructural, and compositional data from altered sulfides in a suite of CM and CR chondrites have been used to constrain the conditions of alteration of these grains and determine their alteration mechanisms. This work shows that the PPI grains exhibit two styles of alteration—one to form porous pyrrhotite‐pentlandite (3P) grains by dissolution of precursor PPI grain pyrrhotite and subsequent secondary pentlandite precipitation (CMs only), and the other to form the altered PPI grains by pseudomorphic replacement of primary pyrrhotite by magnetite (CMs and CRs) or phyllosilicates (CMs only). The range of alteration textures and products is the result of differences in conditions of alteration due to the role of microchemical environments and/or brecciation. Our observations show that primary sulfides are sensitive indicators of aqueous alteration processes in CM and CR chondrites.
Involvement of three FliA‐family sigma factors in the sporangium formation, spore dormancy and sporangium dehiscence in Actinoplanes missouriensis
Authors: Hashiguchi Yuichiro , Tezuka Takeaki , Ohnishi Yasuo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe rare actinomycete Actinoplanes missouriensis forms sporangia, which open up and release zoospores in response to water. Here, we report a genetic and functional analysis of four FliA‐family sigma factors, FliA1, FliA2, FliA3 and FliA4. Transcription of fliA1, fliA2 and fliA3 was directly activated by the global transcriptional activator TcrA during sporangium formation and dehiscence, while fliA4 was almost always transcribed at low levels. Gene disruption analysis showed that (a) deletion of fliA2 reduced the zoospore swimming speed by half, (b) the fliA1‐fliA2 double‐deletion mutant formed abnormal sporangia in which mutant spores ectopically germinated and (c) deletion of fliA3 induced no phenotypic changes in the wild‐type and mutant strains of fliA1 and/or fliA2. Comparative RNA‐Seq analyses among the wild‐type and gene deletion mutant strains showed probable targets of each FliA‐family sigma factor, indicating that FliA1‐ and FliA2‐dependent promoters are quite similar to each other, while the FliA3‐dependent promoter is somewhat different. Gene complementation experiments also indicated that the FliA1 regulon overlaps with the FliA2 regulon. These results demonstrate that A. missouriensis has developed a complex transcriptional regulatory network involving multiple FliA‐family sigma factors for the accomplishment of its characteristic reproduction process, including sporangium formation, spore dormancy and sporangium dehiscence.
Interventions to increase adherence to micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Gomes Filomena , Bergeron Gilles , Bourassa Megan W. , Dallmann Diana , Golan Jenna , Hurley Kristen M. , King Shannon E. , da Silva Ana Carolina Feldenheimer , Mehta Saurabh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicronutrient supplementation during pregnancy has been shown to be a cost‐effective method to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, one of the main barriers to the successful implementation of a micronutrient supplementation program in pregnancy is poor adherence. Our review will assess the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase adherence to micronutrient supplements in pregnancy. Following the Cochrane Collaboration Methodology, we will start by conducting the literature searches on Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, in addition to sources of gray literature, to retrieve all the available relevant studies. We will include randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies with a control group, where participants are pregnant women taking any micronutrient supplements in the context of antenatal care globally. We will include studies with targeted interventions designed to improve adherence to micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women compared with (1) usual care or no intervention or (2) other targeted micronutrient adherence intervention. Abstract selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment (according to the type of studies) will be conducted by two independent reviewers. The pooled results will be reported using the standardized mean differences for continuous data, and odds ratio or risk ratio for dichotomous data. We will assess sources of heterogeneity and publication bias. By following this protocol, we will systematically assess and synthesize the existing evidence about interventions designed to increase adherence to micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women. Understanding which strategies are more effective to increase the consumption of micronutrient supplements during this critical stage of life will have significant implications for clinicians and policymakers involved in the delivery of prenatal micronutrient supplementation interventions.
Ventricular arrhythmia ablation lesions detectability and temporal changes on cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Vunnam Rama , Maheshwari Varun , Jeudy Jean , Ghzally Yousra , Imanli Hasan , Abdulghani Mohammed , Mahat Jagat B. , Timilsina Saroj , Restrepo Alejandro , See Vincent , Shorofsky Stephen , Dickfeld Timm 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) characteristics of ventricular radiofrequency ablation (RFA) lesions have only been incompletely defined.AimTo determine the detectability and imaging characteristics of ventricular RFA lesions in an unselected patient cohort undergoing ventricular arrhythmia ablation.Methods and resultsA retrospective chart review (n = 249) identified 36 patients with either pre‐/postablation CMR (n = 14) or only postablation CMR (n = 22). Ablation lesions could be identified in 50% (n = 18) of patients. Nonvisualized lesions had more preexisting transmural late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) >75% at the ablation sites (21% vs 0.0%, P = .042), more prevalent ICD artifact (50% vs 0%, P = .001), and lower ejection fraction (35.8 ± 14.2% vs 45.3 ± 13.4%, P = .048). Early CMR imaging demonstrated a central “black” signal void (microvascular obstruction [MVO], n = 12, 67%) up to 32 days post‐RFA, whereas late imaging showed a homogenously “white” gadolinium enhancement pattern (n = 6, 33%). MVO was only observed in nonfibrotic myocardium without preexisting LGE (n = 12) but was not observed in the scar with preexisting LGE (n = 3, P = .002) suggesting different wash‐in/wash‐out kinetics in scar/nonscar myocardium. Signal intensity (1909 vs 2534, P = .009) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (−7.8 vs 16.3, P = .009) were significantly different between MVO and LGE lesions, respectively.ConclusionVentricular ablation lesions visualization is negatively affected by preexisting transmural scar, ICD artifact, and low ejection fraction. The transition of “black” MVO appearance to “white” LGE appearance on CMR occurs around 1 month following ablation, suggesting a change in histological characteristics of ablation lesions. This may affect the utility of CMR in the evaluation of the ventricular lesions, when undergoing real‐time or repeat VT ablations.
Social Support Mediates the Association between Disclosure of Suicide Attempt and Depression, Perceived Burdensomeness, and Thwarted Belongingness
Authors: McClay Michael M. , Brausch Amy M. , O'Connor Stephen S. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivePrior research has found disclosure of concealable stigmatized statuses, including suicide attempt survivorship, to be associated with positive mental health outcomes. This study sought to test the mediating effect of self‐reported social support on the association between disclosure of suicide attempt and suicide risk factors in a sample of undergraduate college students.MethodData were analyzed from 149 undergraduate college students with a history of one or more suicide attempts. Three parallel mediation analyses tested the simultaneous mediating effect of family social support and peer social support on the association between suicide attempt disclosure and suicide risk factors.ResultsSignificant total indirect effects in all models indicated family social support and peer social support simultaneously mediated the association between disclosure of suicide attempt and depression, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness. The indirect effect on thwarted belongingness via peer social support was stronger than the indirect effect via family social support.ConclusionsDisclosure of suicide attempt was associated with higher social support, which was associated with lower suicide risk factors. In a therapeutic context, it is important to consider social support when discussing disclosure of suicide attempt. Keywords: suicide, disclosure, attempt survivor, interpersonal needs, social support.
Hindcasting Loss and Evaluating Implications of Track Location for the 2011 Joplin, Missouri Tornado
Authors: Pilkington Stephanie F. , Mahmoud Hussam , van de Lindt John W. , Koliou Maria , Smith Steve 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The direct physical loss from a tornado is one possible factor in considering resilience goals for a community. Estimating such loss has historically been achieved either through analysis of empirical data from historical events meant to then match future hypothetical events or through a cost analysis based on a building's damage state. These approaches provide a solid baseline for estimating loss from wind events; however, gathering data from historical events may assume all locations are the same, while analyses based solely on the building damage state may not include a building's contents. This study builds on work previously established in determining loss from building damage state fragilities, by including a loss to the building's interior (including contents) based on Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) HAZUS equations. The approach laid out in this paper is then validated, showing what is deemed an acceptable level of accuracy, using the May 22, 2011 Joplin tornado that devastated the local community. Once validated, the same tornado path is relocated in different directions, ultimately crossing most of city of Joplin in four additional hypothetical scenarios. The results of both hindcasting the 2011 Joplin tornado and its hypothetical track variations show commercial (nonresidential) type buildings as key in contributing to the direct physical loss of a wind event. Ultimately, this provides decision makers with a point of consideration when evaluating their community's resilience goals.
Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quantification of Spinal Rod Computational Models Under Three-Point Bending
Authors: Nagaraja Srinidhi , Loughran Galyna , Gandhi Anup , Inzana Jason , Baumann Andrew P. , Kartikeya Kumar , Horner Marc 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification (VVUQ) can increase confidence in computational models by providing evidence that a model accurately represents the intended reality of interest. However, there are currently few examples demonstrating the application of VVUQ best practices for medical devices. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to understand the reproducibility and repeatability of experimental testing and finite element analysis (FEA), perform VVUQ activities that guide the development and refinement of a finite element model, and document best practices for future research. This study focused on experiments and simulations of three-point bend testing, which is a fundamental element of a hierarchical validation study of medical devices (e.g., spinal rod-screw systems). Experimental three-point bend testing was performed at two laboratories using medical-grade titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) spinal rods. FEA replicating the experimental test was performed by four independent institutions. Validation activities included comparing differences in mechanical properties between FEA and experimental results, where less than 10% difference was observed for all quantities of interest. Computational model uncertainties due to modeling assumptions and model input parameters were estimated using the sensitivity coefficient method. An importance factor analysis showed that rod diameter was the parameter driving uncertainty in the initial elastic region, while the material model is the primary contributor beyond this point. These results provide a proof of concept in the use of VVUQ for the use of FEA for medical device applications.
No Influence of Prematch Subjective Wellness Ratings on External Load During Elite Australian Football Match Play
Authors: Bellinger Phillip M. , Ferguson Cameron , Newans Tim , Minahan Clare L. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To determine whether there is an association between external match load and contextual factors on subjective wellness in the days before and after Australian Rules football match play. Methods: A total of 34 elite male Australian football players completed a subjective wellness questionnaire in the days leading into the match (–3, –2, and –1 d), the day of (match day), and the days after each match (+3, +2, and +1 d). Players subjectively rated each item (mood, energy, stress, leg heaviness, muscle soreness, sleep quality, hours slept, and total wellness [a sum of the total response score]) on a visual analog scale ranging from 1 to 10, with 1 representing the negative end of the continuum. External load during competitive matches was quantified using accelerometer-derived PlayerLoad, and running activity was quantified using global positioning system technology across 2 competitive seasons. The relationships between perceptions of wellness (within-individual z score), external match load, and contextual factors (match result, match location, and between-matches recovery duration) were analyzed using linear mixed models. Results: Mixed-effect linear models revealed trivial effects of match-day wellness z score on subsequent external match load metrics. Match result (win) and PlayerLoad in the anteroposterior vector (au·min−1) were associated with an increased (estimate ± SE: 0.30 ± 0.13 z score) and reduced subjective wellness (−0.15 ± 0.06 z score), respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that prematch perceived wellness does not relate to external match load in elite Australian football players. The between-matches microcycle length appears to be sufficient to restore perceived wellness to values that do not affect the subsequent external match loads.
Management of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Phipps Michael S , Cronin Carolyn A 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Stroke is the leading cause of long term disability in developed countries and one of the top causes of mortality worldwide. The past decade has seen substantial advances in the diagnostic and treatment options available to minimize the impact of acute ischemic stroke. The key first step in stroke care is early identification of patients with stroke and triage to centers capable of delivering the appropriate treatment, as fast as possible. Here, we review the data supporting pre-hospital and emergency stroke care, including use of emergency medical services protocols for identification of patients with stroke, intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke including updates to recommended patient eligibility criteria and treatment time windows, and advanced imaging techniques with automated interpretation to identify patients with large areas of brain at risk but without large completed infarcts who are likely to benefit from endovascular thrombectomy in extended time windows from symptom onset. We also review protocols for management of patient physiologic parameters to minimize infarct volumes and recent updates in secondary prevention recommendations including short term use of dual antiplatelet therapy to prevent recurrent stroke in the high risk period immediately after stroke. Finally, we discuss emerging therapies and questions for future research.