bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorometric Method for Determination of 1,2-Unsaturated Aldehydes in Autooxidized Lipids with 2,4-Diaminotoluene
Authors: Hirayama Teruhisa , Miura Shinji , Araki Mariko , Takeo Yoshiko , Watanabe Tetsushi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple fluorometric method has been developed to determine 1,2-unsaturated aldehydes in autooxidized lipids. 1,2- Unsaturated aldehydes were allowed to react with 2,4-diamlnotoluene in acidic condition and the products, 7-amlno-6- methylqulnoline derivatives, were determined by a fluorometric procedure at 394 nm (excitation wavelength) and 494 nm (emission wavelength). Finally, 1902.9, 1738.8, and 2149.2 μg/g of 1,2-unsaturated aldehydes as 2-propenal were detected in 20-h autooxidized methyl oleate, methyl llnoleate, and methyl llnolenate, which contained 98.5, 223.2, and 355.6 μg/g, respectively, of thlobarblturlc acid reactive substances as malondialdehyde. In a preliminary liquid chromatographic LC determination of 2-propenal In autooxidized lipids, 29, 20, and 57 μg/g, respectively, of 2- propenal were detected In 20-h autooxidized methyl oleate, methyl llnoleate and methyl llnolenate. The 2-propenal can be detected as 7-amlno-6-methylqulnoline by using LC-fluorometrlc procedure at levels of 100 pg.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Six Sympathomimetic Drugs in Dosage Forms
Authors: Smela Michael J , Stromberg Rona 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple and rapid stability-Indicating liquid chromatographic method is described for quantitative determination of 6 sympathomimetic drugs In various liquid and solid formulations. Analyses were carried out on a C18 reverse phase column using 0.01M 1-octanesulfonlc acid, sodium salt In 0.2% acetic acid-methanol (70 + 30) as the mobile phase with photometric detection at 220 nm. Coefficients of variation for 5 consecutive injections of a mixed standards solution ranged from 0.62% for metaraminol to 1.40% for epinephrine. Standard recoveries ranged from 98.8 % for metaraminol to 100.8% for epinephrine. The method was linear between 0.2 and 10 μg of drug Injected and was used successfully to analyze 17 commercial products in a variety of dosage forms.
Comparison of Automated Liquid Chromatographic and Bioassay Methods for Determining Spiramycin Concentration in Bovine Plasma
Authors: Sanders Pascal , Moulin Gérard , Gaudiche Chantal , Delepine Bernard , Mourot Dominique 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The performance of a liquid chromatographic (LC) methcd for spiramycin measurement in bovine plasma has been compared with that of a microbiological method. Plasna samples were obtained from cattle administered spiramycn intravenously. Comparison tests used were intraclass cornlation (r1), correlation (r), and Student’s paired t-test. For cocentratlons lower than 2.5 lU/mL, microbiological value were higher than LC values. This difference in results modfied pharmacokinetic interpretation and might be explaind by the presence of microbiologically active metabolites.
Trace-Level Quantitation of Sulfonylurea Herbicides
in Natural Water
Authors: Thompson Dean G , Macdonald Linda M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A novel gas chromatographic/electron capture detection (GC/ECD) technique is described for quantitation of trace sulfonylurea herbicide residues in natural water. In this method, the parent sulfonylurea herbicides are isolated from their aryl sulfonamide metabolites by Florisil chromatography, and the acidic aqueous hydrolysis products of the parent compounds are then quantitated. The method has been validated for both metsulfuron methyl (MET; methyl 2-{[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin- 2-yl)aminocarbonyl] aminosulfonyl} benzoate), and chlorsulfuron [CHLOR; 2-chloro-A/-(4-methoxy-6- methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-aminocarbonyl benzenesulfonamide]. Acidic hydrolysis of the isolated parent compounds MET and CHLOR produced a high yield of the corresponding aryl sulfonamides, methyl 2-(aminosulfonyl)benzoate and 2- chlorobenzenesulfonamide, as confirmed by mass spectral analysis. In-house validation studies confirmed excellent chromatographic behavior, high recovery efficiency (&gt;80%), and generally good precision (&lt;12% coefficient of variation) for quantitation of MET and CHLOR in fortified natural water samples over a wide range of concentrations (50 ppb, 500 ppt, and 50 ppt). Validated limits of quantitation were 50 ppt, with minimum limits of detection conservatively estimated as 10 ppt.
Gas Chromatographic/Thermal Energy Analyzer Method for N-Nitrosodibenzylamine in Hams Processed in Elastic Rubber Netting
Authors: Pensabene John W , Fiddler Walter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We previously described a solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure for determining volatile nitrosamines in hams processed in elastic rubber nettings. This same procedure was found to successfully isolate N-nitrosodibenzylamine (NDBzA), a semivolatile nitrosamine. This nitrosamine may form as a result of the reformulated rubber now used in nettings. Reformulation became necessary because of the reported presence of M-nitrosodibutylamine in both the old nettings and on the exterior portion of commercial hams. After SPE, NDBzA was quantitated by using a gas chromatographic (GC) system interfaced to a nitrosamine-specific chemiluminescence detector [thermal energy analyzer (TEA)]. The GC system was equipped with a heated interface external to the TEA furnace to facilitate quantitation of NDBzA. With separation on a packed column, the method can be used to analyze 10 volatile nitrosamines and NDBzA. Repeatability of the method for NDBzA was found to be 2.1 ppb, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 10.6%. Analysis of 18 commercial hams from 9 different producers, purchased from local retailers, indicated that 12 were positive for NDBzA (range, 2.6–128.5 ppb). NDBzA was confirmed by GC/mass spectrometry.
Usefulness of Cellulase in Recovery of Salmonella spp. from Guar Gum
Authors: Amaguaña R Miguel , Sherrod Patricia S , Hammack Thomas S , June Geraldine A , Andrews Wallace A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Most foods examined for Salmonella spp. by the procedure described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual are preenriched at a 1:9 sample/broth ratio. However, 25 g guar gum (an emulsifying agent) is not wetted completely in 225 mL of preenrichment broth, and after a 24 h incubation at 35°C, the product is transformed into a viscous, nonpipettable mass. The effects of 4 factors (inorganic salts, pH, temperature, and various enzymes) on the viscosity of the sample/ preenrichment mixture during incubation were determined. Addition of various inorganic salts or adjustment of pH from 4.0 to 9.0 had no significant effect on the viscosity of the incubated mixture. Elevated incubation temperatures of 42°, 44°, and 46°C reduced viscosity but were well above the optimal growth temperature for Salmonella, 35°C. Addition of cellulase to lactose broth at a final concentration of 0.01% reduced viscosity of the mixture, making it readily pipettable. At least one Salmonella cell was consistently recovered from 25 g samples of guar gum, which represents a most probable number value of 0.04 cell per g.
Comparison of Microwave Oven and Convection Oven for Acid Hydrolysis of Dietary Fiber Polysaccharides
Authors: Li Betty W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hydrolysis of dietary fiber polysaccharides (DFP) is an integral part of any enzymatic-chemical method for dietary fiber analysis. Residues obtained after enzyme treatments of fiber-containing foods are usually suspended in 12M sulfuric acid and kept at or slightly above ambient temperature for at least 1 h, and then the mixtures are diluted with deionized water to a final concentration of 1M or 2M acid, followed by heating at 100°C in a water bath or convection oven for 1 or 2 h. Under these hydrolytic conditions, some degradation of the released monosaccharides generally takes place over the duration of hydrolysis. We investigated the feasibility of using microwave energy as a heat source to reduce time and minimize degradation. Preliminary tests were done on the well-characterized soy polysaccharide Fibrim. With a microwave digestion system equipped with temperature and pressure monitors and control lines, optimum settings of power (5%, 75%), time (up to 3 min and 30 s), temperature (35°-55°C), and pressure (45-65 psi) were determined for different foods depending on the residue weight and volume of acid. Results were comparable for microwave oven and convection oven hydrolysis of DFP from 5 foods with good correlations for neutral sugar values; r2 = 0.997 for arabinose, 0.925 for galactose, 0.981 for glucose, 0.969 for mannose, and 0.990 for xylose.
MicroRNA-448 targets SATB1 to reverse the cisplatin resistance in lung cancer via mediating Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway
Authors: Ning Mei-Ying , Cheng Zhao-Lin , Zhao Jing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study aims to examine whether miR-448 reverses the cisplatin (DDP) resistance in lung cancer by modulating SATB1. QRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the miR-448 and SATB1 expressions in DDP-sensitive and -resistant lung cancer patients. A microarray was used to investigate the cytoplasmic/nucleic ratio (C/N ratios) of genes in A549 cells targeted by miR-448, followed by Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. A549/DDP cells were transfected with miR-448 mimics/inhibitors with or without SATB1 siRNA followed by MTT assay, Edu staining, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and western blotting. MiR-448 was lower but SATB1 was increased in DDP-resistant patients and A549/DDP cells. And the patients showed low miR-448 expression or SATB1 positive expression had poor prognosis. SATB1, as a target gene with higher C/N ratios (&gt;1), was found negatively regulated by miR-448. Besides, miR-448 inhibitors increased resistance index of A549/DDP cells, promoted cell proliferation, increased cell distribution in S phrase, declined cell apoptosis and activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, SATB1 siRNA could reverse the above effect caused by miR-448 inhibitors. MiR-448 targeting SATB1 to counteract the DDP resistance of lung cancer cells via Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Revealing the Hidden Colour in Representations of Eileen Gray’s Modern Architecture and Design
Authors: Tyler Rachel Siobhan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Colour is both spatial and material. It is an integral feature of architecture, yet it is often undervalued, particularly in contrast to form. This article explores how Eileen Gray’s background in fine art and material practice promoted a particular use of colour in her architecture. Art practitioners who engage with processes of colour and material making are alert to the ambiguous nature of colour and its potential to contribute to space production. However, such knowledge is often overlooked by historians or dismissed as less significant than other aspects of design. Previous architectural histories of Eileen Gray that rely upon representations of her work in black and white photographs have missed the spatial and place-making qualities of colour in her work. Archival evidence, by contrast, reveals the significance of Gray’s material and practice-led colour research, which resulted in her distinct approach to modern architecture.
Portal placement for endoscopic surgery in the deep gluteal area: a cadaveric study
Authors: Bataillie F , Bataillie S , van Beek N , Corten K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Partial or complete avulsion of the insertion of the proximal hamstrings at the level of the ischial tuberosity is most often treated by open exploration and reinsertion. However, endoscopic reinsertion could be considered to minimize the soft tissue damage. In this study, we aimed to determine the most optimal location of four endoscopic portals that allow for a safe exploration of the proximal hamstring insertion site. The reference points for the portals run vertically through the center of the sciatic tuberosity and through a horizontal line which lies on the inferior edge of the tuberosity. The distance and relationship between the sciatic, the inferior gluteal and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves and the four proposed endoscopic portals was documented. Our results showed that it was best to start with the inferior portal followed by the medial and lateral portal. The inferior portal allowed for a clear visualization of the sciatic nerve and was along with the medial portal at a distance of &gt;5 cm from any of the surrounding nerves. Care must be taken with the lateral portal, as the distance to the surrounding nerves varied between specimens. A fourth portal could be used as a viewing portal when necessary. Our study showed that the sequence and position of the proposed endoscopic portals provide a safe approach to the proximal part of the hamstrings and the ischial tuberosity. These findings can be helpful for endoscopic procedures to the ischium and the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region.
Mating Delay Reduces Reproductive Performance but not Longevity in a Monandrous Moth
Authors: Zheng Xia-Lin , Liu Junyan , Lu Wen , He Xiong Zhao , Wang Qiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAge at mating is one of the most important factors that affect mating success and reproductive fitness in insects. The present study investigated how the age of the two sexes at mating determined mating success, reproductive fitness and longevity in Phauda flammans (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Phaudidae), a serious pest of Ficus spp. trees in South and Southeast Asia. The study may provide basic knowledge for the development of mating disruption programs using sex pheromones to control this pest. The species is monandrous and its adults live for only 4–5 d. We show that delayed mating significantly lowered mating success in both sexes, with males being more severely affected than females. Mating delay also reduced reproductive outputs of both sexes but females were more negatively affected than males. We did not find any effect of delayed mating on longevity of either sex. Our findings suggest that mating disruption with sex pheromones can be an effective method to delay mating in P. flammans, reducing reproductive success and thus limit population growth.
Efficacy and Spatial Extent of Yard-Scale Control of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Using Barrier Sprays and Larval Habitat Management
Authors: Hollingsworth Brandon , Hawkins Pete , Lloyd Alun L , Reiskind Michael H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse), is a peridomestic, container-ovipositing mosquito commonly found throughout the southeastern United States. In the United States, Ae. albopictus is typically considered a nuisance pest; however, it is capable of transmitting multiple pathogens. Ae. albopictus is an important pest species and the target of numerous mosquito control efforts in the United States. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness and spatial extent of Ae. albopictus population reduction using a bifenthrin (AI Bifen IT, 7.9%) barrier spray and larval habitat management (LHM) in a temperate, suburban setting. Sixteen pairs of adjoining neighbors were randomly assigned to treatment groups with one neighbor receiving a treatment and the other monitored for evidence of a spillover effect of the treatments. Ae. albopictus populations in both yards were monitored for 33 d, with treatments occurring on the eighth day. Barrier sprays, both alone and combined with LHM, resulted in a significant reduction in Ae. albopictus abundance posttreatment. While LHM alone did not result in a significant reduction over the entire posttreatment period, Ae. albopictus populations were observed to be in decline during this period. No treatments were observed to have any reduction in efficacy 25 d posttreatment, with treatments involving LHM having a significantly increased efficacy. Yards neighboring treated yards were also observed to have reduced population sizes posttreatment, but these differences were rarely significant. These results provide insights into the population dynamics of Ae. albopictus following two common treatments and will be useful for integrated pest management plans.
Urban Populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) From Central Argentina: Dispersal Patterns Assessed by Bayesian and Multivariate Methods
Authors: Ayala Ana María , Vera Noelia Soledad , Chiappero Marina Beatriz , Almirón Walter Ricardo , Gardenal Cristina Noemí 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAedes aegypti (L.), the main vector of dengue and other arboviruses, was declared eradicated from Argentina in 1964; however, in 1987, it was detected again and nowadays it occurs in most of the country territory. To understand the transmission of vector-borne diseases, knowledge of the dispersal of vector populations is essential to evaluate the risk of pathogen transmission. We conducted a population genetic analysis of Ae. aegypti in 20 neighborhoods from Córdoba, the second largest city in Argentina, using 10 microsatellite loci. High genetic differentiation and the absence of an isolation by distance pattern was found using Weir and Cockerham’s θ. Bayesian and multivariate clustering analyses showed that the studied sites included individuals with high membership coefficients (Q) in their populations, individuals with membership in another cluster, and admixed individuals. Individuals with high Q in clusters different from the population in which they were collected strongly suggests that passive transport is important in shaping the Ae. aegypti dispersal pattern in Córdoba city. Knowing the genetic structure of Ae. aegypti populations and their dispersal patterns would contribute to the implementation of vector control programs.
Mosquito Species Composition and Abundance in Quebec, Eastern Canada
Authors: Shahhosseini Nariman , Wong Gary , Frederick Christina , Kobinger Gary P 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGiven current and projected changes in the climate, the composition of mosquito species is predicted to shift geographically with implications for the transmission dynamics of vector-borne pathogens. Many mosquito species are rarely collected in Canada and their history is poorly understood; thus assessing their potential role as vectors for pathogenesis is difficult. Mosquitoes were collected from four trapping sites in Quebec Province, Canada, from June to September during 2018 and 2019 using BG sentinel traps. From all morphologically identified female mosquitoes, at least one specimen was selected for identification confirmation using the DNA-barcoding technique. Sequences were subjected to alignment and a Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree was created using Geneious software. In total, 2,752 female mosquitoes belonging to 20 species over five genera: including Aedes (Ae.), Anopheles (An.), Culex (Cx.), Culiseta (Cu.), Coquillettidia (Cq.) were collected. The predominant mosquito was found to be Ae. cinereus. The highest number of mosquito species was captured in July, followed by August, September, and then June. Five genera were characterized by a distinctive set of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences that formed well-supported clusters in the NJ-tree. The presence of Ae.japonicus in Quebec provides an initial look at the distribution of mosquito species in eastern Canada, which may put Canadians at risk of a wider range of arboviruses.
Using Forest Inventory and Analysis Data to Support National Forest Management: Regional Case Studies
Authors: Hoover Coeli M , Bush Renate , Palmer Marin , Treasure Emrys 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Although many forestry practitioners have a general understanding of the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program and the type of data collected, most non-expert users of FIA reports and basic data are unlikely to be familiar with the breadth of information available and the many potential uses of the data. We present case studies from three USDA Forest Service regions to highlight a variety of applications of FIA data, from informing the forest plan revision process to supplying managers with timely information on important forest attributes at the stand and landscape scales. These examples illustrate the utility of FIA data in meeting managers’ information needs, the importance of the linkages between research and management throughout the agency, and the role that the FIA program can play in fostering those collaborations.
Continental-scale citizen science data reveal no changes in acoustic responses of a widespread tree frog to an urbanisation gradient
Authors: Mitchell Brittany A , Callaghan Corey T , Rowley Jodi J L 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne of the major drivers of global biodiversity declines is habitat loss and modification, often associated with anthropogenic environments. To mitigate biodiversity declines, a comprehensive understanding of how species respond to novel anthropogenic environments is required. Compared to natural habitats, human-modified environments often have increased noise and light pollution, potentially affecting acoustically communicating species, such as frogs. These areas may force animals to modulate or alter their calls to communicate with potential mates, as they compete with anthropogenic noise. Using large-scale citizen science data, coupled with remotely sensed data, we examined how the advertisement calls of the Australian red tree frog (Litoria rubella) varied in response to a gradient consistent with anthropogenic disturbance. After measuring a suite of acoustic properties of L.rubella across its range, we discovered that their advertisement calls showed no response to a disturbance urbanisation gradient. The advertisement calls of the species were highly variable, both at continental and local scales. Our results indicate that acoustic communication in male L.rubella may not be impeded in human-modified habitats as (1) they are a loud species typically heard over background noise and multi-species choruses and (2) their calls are highly variable—potentially serving as a buffer to any acoustic disturbances. Overall, our results provide evidence that some frog species may be acoustically urban tolerant and provide a greater understanding of the responses frogs exhibit to human-mediated environmental change.
Diet composition of introduced barn owls (Tyto alba javanica) in urban area in comparison with agriculture settings
Authors: Saufi Safwan , Ravindran Shakinah , Hamid Noor Hisham , Zainal Abidin Cik Mohd Rizuan , Ahmad Hamdan , Ahmad Abu Hassan , Salim Hasber 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the diet of introduced barn owls (Tyto alba javanica, Gmelin) in the urban area of the Main Campus of Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, based on collected regurgitated pellets. We also compared the diet of the introduced barn owls with the diet of barn owls from two agricultural areas, i.e. oil palm plantations and rice fields. Pellet analysis of introduced barn owls showed that commensal Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus, made up the highest proportion of the diet (65.37% prey biomass) while common shrews, Suncus murinus were the second highest consumed prey (30.12% prey biomass). Common plantain squirrel, Callosciurus notatus, made up 4.45% of the diet while insects were taken in a relatively small amount (0.046% prey biomass). Introduced barn owls showed a preference for medium-sized prey, i.e. 40–120 g (52.96% biomass and 38.71% total). In agricultural areas, rice field rats, Rattus argentiventer predominated the diet of barn owls (98.24% prey biomass) in rice fields while Malayan wood rats, Rattus tiomanicus, were the most consumed prey in oil palm plantations (99.5% prey biomass). Food niche breadth value was highest for barn owls introduced in an urban area with a value of 2.90, and 1.06 in rice fields and 1.22 in oil palm plantations. Our analysis reiterates the prey preference of barn owls in various landscapes for small mammals. Our results also indicate the suitability of utilizing barn owls as a biological control not only in agricultural areas, but also as a biological control agent for commensal rodent pests in urban areas.