bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TEST OF UNBIASEDNESS AND SPORTS BOOK PROFITS IN THE NFL POINT SPREAD BETTING MARKET USING CIRCADIAN ADVANTAGE
Authors: Chin Daniel M 
Published: August 2020

Medical research shows that the human body typically performs at its best during late afternoon hours, and that the results of National Football League (NFL) games can partly be explained by differences in these levels of performance, coined the circadian advantage, when teams based in different time zones play against each other. This paper uses an augmented version of Dare and Holland’s (2004) generalized model to provide evidence that a circadian advantage bias exists in the NFL betting market. Detailed betting data used here supports results from Levitt (2004) and Paul and Weinbach (2007) by showing that sports books make use of the bias by setting odds that bait bettors who are unaware of the circadian advantage into making what tends to be a losing wager on the disadvantaged team.
OVER-VALUED AND UNDER-DOGGED: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SEEDING OF MID-MAJOR TEAMS IN THE NCAA MEN’S BASKETBALL TOURNAMENT
Authors: Lackritz Jim , Reinig Bruce A. Reinig A. , Horowitz Ira 
Published: August 2020

We test whether the NCAA Selection Committee’s tournament seeding process is biased with respect to teams from the Mid-Major conferences, by analyzing Seeds, Spreads, Betting Lines, and the participants’ conference affiliations for the 819 games of the 13 NCAA Men’s Basketball Tournaments played from 2000 to 2012. We demonstrate that the Selection Committee overvalues Mid-Major teams that receive a favorable seed and undervalues those that receive unfavorable seeds. Because Mid-Major teams receive more unfavorable seeds than favorable ones, by a nearly two-to-one ratio, the net results are to the detriment of the Mid-Major conferences. We show that the betting market appears to acknowledge the Selection Committee’s bias and makes adjustments.
A POLICY-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS OF CASINO GAMBLING
Authors: Richard Brian 
Published: August 2020

In 2003, as part of a lecture series sponsored by the American Gaming Association, Richard LaBrie and Howard Shaffer issued a ‘concept statement’ titled Toward a Science of Gambling Regulation. They stated, “The set of gambling regulations within a jurisdiction represent that jurisdiction’s strategy for preventing negative consequences….We propose that gambling regulations would be more effective if the regulatory process was science-based” (2003, p. 1). This paper represents a step towards scientifically analyzing variations in existing policies to determine how effective they are in reaching policy goals. A quasi-experimental matching procedure is utilized to assess the impacts of casinos at the county level. Additional analysis examines the effects of various policies on economic development outcomes. The findings suggest that more restrictive casino policies reduce the economic impacts associated with casino development.
Parimutuel system of the Japanese race track: Voting and ranking process
Authors: Tutiya Yohei , Kurihara Kazutaka 
Published: August 2020

We investigated a time series of betting rates in a pari-mutuel betting system of Japanese horse races. Principal component analyses and cluster analyses suggest that the level of expectation for the favorite is the most important factor when classifying races. The dataset of the odds determined before the races used in this study is exceedingly large and detailed compared to previous studies. We also conducted detailed research on whether bets placed on the favorites tend to be concentrated just before the race.
Holistic/Palliative Management of Patient’s Health Care and Home Situation in a Depressed Economy
Authors: Emmanuel Ndiok Akon , Oyira Emilia , Ncama Busisiwe 
Published: August 2020

In most middle and low economic nations, problem in the active management of health complaints is patients defaulting on follow-up appointments, attributable to financial constraints and cost of health services due to economic recession. This increases the danger of aggravation and deterioration of the condition and leads to re-hospitalisation. Most terminally ill patients and elderly prefer to be cared for at home by family caregivers or paid health professionals towards the end of their life. Holistic/palliative care is a key component of home health care. Current structure of health and social care services shows that the home is gradually becoming a significant location of long-term care. Holistic care as advocated by Florence Nightingale and others takes cognizance of the care of total human being looking at the spiritual, physical, social and psychosocial care of individual. Quality care for patients and their families can be achieved by establishing principles of holistic/palliative care as an integral part of daily practice both in the hospital and home care, as advocated by the WHO. Challenges in seeking to do this can be overcome if adequate funding is allocated for palliative care activities and setting up machineries for training of families on home care.
Conocimiento histórico y patrimonialización de un enclave de la montaña cantábrica: Las Ubiñas
Authors: Gallinar David , Hernández Cristina García , Ruiz Fernández Jesús 
Published: August 2020

Las Ubiñas, como tantos otros espacios montañosos de la Península Ibérica, ha pasado de constituir un medio marginal y de difícil acceso en el que, aun así, se desarrollaban actividades humanas de cierta relevancia socioeconómica, a ver consagrada su patrimonialización a través de su encaje en las diferentes figuras de protección previstas a tal efecto por la legislación española e internacional. Este proceso, que culmina con la reciente declaración de este espacio como Parque Natural y Reserva de la Biosfera, vino precedido por un proceso de reconocimiento y divulgación, el cual, hasta hoy, no había sido explorado. Este estudio, basado en la recopilación y análisis de documentos históricos y bibliografía especializada, examina la información contenida en diversas fuentes exponiendo los principales testimonios cartográficos y artísticos que aluden al Macizo de las Ubiñas, así como los recogidos en memorias de viajes y de investigación que tuvieron como escenario este espacio, que, a pesar de su privilegiada ubicación central en el Macizo Asturiano, fue ignorado por los protagonistas de las grandes exploraciones científicas y hazañas deportivas de principios de siglo XX, y experimentó un reconocimiento relativamente tardío de sus innegables valores naturales y paisajísticos.
The Ubiñas Massif, as so many other mountain areas of the Iberian Peninsula, went from being a marginal environment in which, even so, human activities of a certain relevance were developed, to see its heritage consecrated through the different protection figures provided by the Spanish and international legislation. This process of patrimonialization, which culminates with the declaration of this space as a Natural Park and Biosphere Reserve, was preceded by a process of recognition and dissemination. This study, based on the compilation of historical documents and bibliography, examines the information contained in different sources, exposing the main cartographic and artistic testimonies alluding to the Ubiñas Massif, as well as those collected in travel memories and research reports conducted in this space, which, despite its privileged location in the Asturian Massif, was ignored by the great scientific explorations and sports exploits of the early 20th century, and experienced a relatively late recognition of its undeniable natural values and landscapes.
Comparison of Socio-economic and Health Status in Rural Primary School Students: A Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Farooq Md. Abdullah Al , Haq Mohammad Nazmul , Tajreen Tania , Sajid Md. Minhajuddin , Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Although Bangladesh is rapidly gaining economic development, education and health related indices are not equally developed in all parts of the country. The objective of the study was to compare the socio-economic and health status of students in public and private primary schools.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 99 public and 128 private primary school children during 2018. Two public and two private primary schools were selected purposively from 2 villages of Chandpur. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: public primary school students and private primary school students. During a ‘free health check-up and treatment program’, guardians were asked to participate in the study. After taking informed written consent, students and guardians were asked about demographic, socioeconomic (such as, education, occupation, monthly income), and health related factors (such as, antenatal checkup, mode of delivery, immunization, deworming); then, anthropometric measurements (height, weight) and physical examinations of the children were done. Comparison was done between groups.
Results: On socioeconomic status, monthly family income was more and paternal education was higher in private-school students than the public-school students. On health indices, antenatal care (ANC), Caesarian section (CS), living standard, use of sanitary latrine, and nutritional status of private school students were significantly better than public-school students. However, Public school students had higher deworming rate.
Conclusion: Students in private schools had better socio-economic and health status in Bangladesh. Health-related indices are comparable to national parameters. It is recommended that socio-economic and education status needs further improvements for sustainable health and well-being.
Efficacy and safety profile of neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation combined with intraventricular lavage in severe intraventricular hemorrhage patients
Authors: Ding Hai‐Tao , Han Yao , Sun De‐Ke , Nie Quan‐Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was conducted to explore the effect of neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation in severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).MethodsTotally 81 patients with severe IVH in our hospital from November 2017 to March 2019 were divided into the intervention group (38 cases who received neuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation combined with intraventricular lavage) and the control group (40 cases who received trepanation drainage). The perioperative condition, hematoma clearance rate, Glasgow coma score (GCS), hematoma recurrence rate, and prognosis were observed and compared between the two groups after treatment.ResultsThe operative time, time of cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and intracranial infection rate in the intervention group elicited superior results to those in the control group (p < .05). The clearance rate of hematoma in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group at 6 hr, 1, 3, and 7 days postoperatively (p < .05). The postoperative 3‐ and 7‐day GCS scores in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, and the recurrence rate of hematoma in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < .05), and the good/excellent rate of ADL in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < .05).ConclusionNeuroendoscopic hematoma evacuation combined with intraventricular lavage showed evident beneficial outcomes in patients with severe IVH. It can effectively improve the perioperative condition and improve the hematoma clearance rate and is beneficial to the prognosis of patients with severe IVH.
PM2.5 facilitates IL‐6 production in human osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts via ASK1 activation
Authors: Liu Ju‐Fang , Chi Miao‐Ching , Lin Chih‐Yang , Lee Chiang‐Wen , Chang Tsung‐Ming , Han Chien‐Kuo , Huang Yuan‐Li , Fong Yi‐Chin , Chen Hsien‐Te , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disorder characterized by synovial inflammation. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a key proinflammatory cytokine in OA progression. Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure increases the risk of different diseases, including OA. Up until now, no studies have described any association between PM2.5 and IL‐6 expression in human OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs). Here, our data show that PM2.5 concentration‐ and time‐dependently promoted IL‐6 synthesis in human OASFs. We also found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation potentiated the effects of PM2.5 on IL‐6 production. ASK1, ERK, p38, and JNK inhibitors reduced PM2.5‐induced increases of IL‐6 expression. Treatment of OASFs with PM2.5 promoted phosphorylation of these signaling cascades. We also found that PM2.5 enhanced c‐Jun phosphorylation and its translocation into the nucleus. Thus, PM2.5 increases IL‐6 production in human OASFs via the ROS, ASK1, ERK, p38, JNK, and AP‐1 signaling pathways. Our evidence links PM2.5 with OA progression.
Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission is involved in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced AF cella poptosis
Authors: Wu Wei , Jing Doudou , Huang Xin , Yang Wenbo , Shao Zengwu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the negative effect of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) on annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and decipher the mechanism of action of the process. After treating AF cells with various concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) of oxLDL for 24 and 48 hours, their viability was evaluated using cell counting kit‐8 and live/dead staining. The percentage of AF cell death was determined with Annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis staining. The expression of proteins related to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was determined using Western blot. Additionally, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed with JC‐1 staining and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate ormitoSOX probes, respectively. Mitochondrial morphology was observed with a transmission electron microscope. After treatment with oxLDL, AF cell viability decreased, pro‐apoptosis proteins (such as Bax, cleaved caspase‐9, and cleaved caspase‐3) increased, and anti‐apoptosis proteins (Bcl‐2) declined. Excessive ROS and diminished MMP were also detected during this process, as were enhanced mitochondrial fission and augmented Drp1 expression. Furthermore, knocking down the expression of Drp1 rescued oxLDL‐induced AF cell death. Collectively, these results suggest that oxLDL induces AF cell death through a mitochondria‐related pathway. Enhanced mitochondrial fission was involved in oxLDL‐induced AF cell death. Targeting Drp1, a target for regulating the process of mitochondrial fission, may be a feasible strategy for preventing intervertebral disc degeneration in hyperlipidemia.
Perceived barriers/facilitators to a healthy lifestyle among diverse adolescents with overweight/obesity: A qualitative study
Authors: Cardel Michelle I. , Szurek Sarah M. , Dillard Julia R. , Dilip Abhya , Miller Darci R. , Theis Ryan , Bernier Angelina , Thompson Lindsay A. , Dulin A. , Janicke David M. , Lee Alex M. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryObjectiveEffectiveness of behavioural obesity treatments in adolescents is modest. Thus, incorporating participant feedback may lead to improvement of intervention acceptability. This qualitative study's objective was to assess perceived barriers/facilitators to weight loss and healthy lifestyles among diverse adolescents with overweight/obesity (OW/OB).MethodsAdolescents ages 14–19 with BMI ≥ 85th percentile participated in focus groups and identified perceived barriers/facilitators to weight loss and healthy lifestyles.ResultsTen sex‐stratified focus groups (n = 41; n = 13 males, n = 28 females) were conducted in 2018 and 2019. Females reported experiencing weight struggles, whereas males often stated no struggles with weight, despite all participants meeting criterion for OW/OB. Barriers included eating behaviours, family members and internal motivation, with additional barriers of physical activity, friends, time and support cited in females. Facilitators included parental, familial and peer support of healthy eating and exercise, modelling behaviours, internal motivation and organized sports. Two additional findings regarding adolescents' perceived barriers/facilitators include substantial overlap and sex differences of perceived barriers/facilitators.ConclusionsAdolescent males and females with OW/OB experience weight status differently, affecting their perceived barriers/facilitators to weight loss and healthy lifestyles. Tailoring weight management interventions to the unique needs of adolescent females versus adolescent males has the potential to improve intervention quality and effectiveness.
Spectrum‐effect relationship between UPLC fingerprints and anti‐lung cancer effect of Panax ginseng
Authors: Zhou Xiaowei , Liu Haiyang , Zhang Mingyu , Li Chunyu , Li Guohui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesLung cancer has the highest mortality rate among the various types of cancer. Panax ginseng (C. A. Mey). is a popular anti‐cancer herbal supplement. The quality control of ginseng is crucial to ensure its clinical efficacy. This study aimed to establish new quality control methods for ginseng and to identify its main active components responsible for lung cancer treatment.MethodsUltra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to establish fingerprints of 18 batches of ginseng. CCK‐8 test was performed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of ginseng on Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells. The spectrum‐effect relationship analysis of ginseng was assessed by canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and bioactivity validation.Key findingsSix common peaks were identified and the variation coefficients were determined. The 18 batches of ginseng inhibited the proliferation of LLC cells to different degrees, showing different half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Spectrum‐effect relationship analysis showed that ginsenoside Ro is the main anti‐proliferative constituent of LLC cell.ConclusionsSpectrum‐effect relationship is suitable for quality control of ginseng used for lung cancer. It is also effective in discovering the active ingredients related to the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.
Actively bent concrete shells
Authors: Berger Johannes , Gericke Oliver , Feix Jürgen , Sobek Werner 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShells are impressive structures due to the high load‐bearing capacity they exhibit when appropriately designed. Their construction, however, is usually associated with great efforts. In this paper, a novel approach for shell‐construction is presented that circumvents the necessity for doubly curved formwork. Instead, shells are erected from flat plates to which an eccentric force is applied causing them to bend into a desired curved shape. The form‐activating forces are induced by coupling a system of tendons to a thin—thus flexible—plate made from reinforced concrete. This approach may seem controversial as concrete exhibits a small ultimate strain and a brittle failure behavior. Therefore, it does not appear suited for the large deformations expected during the construction of actively bent structures. The investigations presented in this paper show the suitability of textile‐reinforced concrete for the fabrication of actively bent shells.
International Schools and Global Citizenship Education
Authors: Hughes Conrad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis chapter defines the construct of the international school by pointing out the somewhat contradictory nature of its ideological and administrative purpose. In analyzing the troublesome construct of the international school, emphasis is placed on the relationship such schools tend to have with their local communities, showing there is a gap between discourse and practice. This opens the debate on the construct of global citizenship and global citizenship education (GCE). The two tensions that run through all of these different notions (international school, global citizenship, GCE) are, on the one hand, tension between local and global affiliations and, on the other, tension between a human rights rhetoric dedicated to sustainability and privileged cosmopolitan elitism. The chapter concludes with examples and suggestions of international school curricular directions that have the potential to unify the local with the global, thereby reducing the distance between mission and reality.
Rethinking Global Citizenship Education: A Critical Perspective
Authors: Akkari Abdeljalil , Maleq Kathrine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this concluding chapter, we first consider some common obstacles to achieving the implementation of global citizenship education (GCE) identified in the different national contexts presented in the book and reiterate how different contexts call for diverse designs and operating strategies. Second, we examine why GCE has become a highly contested concept, subject to multiple interpretations and in which a wide range of conceptions and objectives coexist. Third, we present considerations for implementing GCE in educational policies and suggest operationalizing GCE within three distinct fields: (a) education for sustainable development (ESD); (b) inter/multicultural education; (c) citizenship education. We argue that this strategy could help link these fields and broaden students’ understanding of the interconnections between issues related to citizenship, democracy, participation, identity, inter/multiculturalism, global issues and sustainable development. Finally, we synthetize current research on GCE and conclude by calling for more comparative and critical research to challenge GCE’s underlying assumption of the universality of Western paradigms and worldviews to embrace multiple ways of conceiving global citizenship.
Paraguayan Indigenous Peoples and the Challenge of Citizenship
Authors: Demelenne Dominique 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider that citizenship education policies should be a product of a socially informed process where we must question whether it is possible to build a dialogue between cultures that do not share the same world-view. We must therefore reflect critically on what has resulted from the meeting of cultures in Latin America, and understand the fundamental knowledge of Indigenous Peoples which relates to their specific conceptualization of citizen education. This leads us to rethink the meaning of education, participation and the relationships between humans and the environment.To better understand the issues and challenges of citizenship education in this context, this chapter will focus on the case of the Indigenous Peoples of Paraguay. To do so, we will outline Indigenous epistemologies and worldviews, and identify the challenges of a truly intercultural dialogue between different epistemologies. This will allow us to envision culturally relevant citizenship education for Indigenous Peoples.
Three Educational Approaches Responding to Globalization in Japan
Authors: Nakayama Aoi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is a pervasive idea of Japan as an ethnically and culturally homogeneous nation despite the country being home to several ethnic minorities and increasing diversity brought about by internationalization and globalization. This chapter examines how educational policies respond to globalization and analyzes three fields of education: citizenship education in social studies, education for international understanding, and education for living together. As citizenship education is taught partly within the subject of social studies, its curriculum guidelines and textbooks are examined.Education for international understanding was introduced just after Japan became a member of UNESCO in 1951 and emphasized the importance of education in a global society. As the number of foreign children increases, the importance of education for living together is progressively recognized among teachers and policymakers. This chapter analyzes these three approaches to education by identifying their contradictions and possible links. Whether the belief in a homogeneous national identity is transmitted through education will also be examined.