bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting urban best management practices for resilience to long‐term environmental changes
Authors: Job Scott C. , Harris Maureen , Julius Susan , Butcher Jonathan B. , Kennedy Joseph Todd 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStormwater best management practices (BMPs) help mitigate the adverse effects of urban development on stream hydrology and water quality, and are widely specified in development requirements and watershed management plans. However, design of stormwater BMPs largely relies on experience with historic climate, which may not be a reliable guide to the future. To inform BMP design that is robust to future conditions, it is important to examine how potential changes in precipitation, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration will affect the performance of BMPs. We use continuous simulation modeling to examine BMP performance under current and potential future climatic conditions and determine the changes needed in site configuration to address future impacts. We perform modeling for five development types in five different regions of the United States and explore both conventional (“gray”) and green infrastructure (GI) stormwater management approaches. If stormwater designs are adapted to address potential future climate conditions, this study suggests that the most cost‐effective approaches may use both gray and green BMPs. If the magnitude of extreme weather events increases dramatically, then gray practices that provide detention storage may have better cost‐effectiveness. Incorporating risk of future climate impacts into stormwater design may help communities become more resilient.Practitioner points

There is a risk that projected changes in meteorological forcing will negatively affect stormwater BMP performance.

Under projected future climate conditions, this study suggests the most cost‐effective approaches may use both gray and green BMPs.

If the magnitude of extreme weather events increases dramatically, gray practices that provide detention storage may have better cost‐effectiveness.

Flexibility is beneficial in adaptation and resilience planning due to uncertainty in projected precipitation volume and intensity changes.
Application of eco‐friendly multifunctional porous graphene oxide for adsorptive sequestration of chromium in aqueous solution
Authors: Nkutha Cynthia S. , Diagboya Paul N. , Mtunzi Fanyana M. , Dikio Ezekiel D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) was functionalized using two silanes ((3‐aminopropyl)‐triethoxysilane and (3‐mercaptopropyl)‐triethoxysilane) to obtain, separately, the eco‐friendly amine‐functionalized GO (GONH) and thiol‐functionalized GO (GOSH). Both silanes were also used together to obtain the amine–thiol dual‐functionalized GO (GOSN). Various physicochemical characterizations were obtained including spectra from using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, and X‐ray diffractometer. The adsorbents were used for a comparative study of Cr adsorption from aqueous solution. The obtained data were fitted to pseudo‐first order (PFO) and pseudo‐second order (PSO) models, the homogeneous fractal pseudo‐second order (FPSO), and the Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion (IPD) kinetics models. Model parameters of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, as well as the thermodynamics, were calculated. Characterization results showed successful functionalizations. The GONH, GOSH, and GOSN exhibited alkaline, acidic, and neutral pH, respectively, in water. Amine and thiol functional groups were observed in the new adsorbents, as well as reduced orderliness. The adsorbents had higher density per unit weight and better thermal stability than pristine GO. Equilibrium Cr adsorption was attained within 60 min for all adsorbents. The PSO and FPSO described the rate data better. The Cr adsorption decreased as solution pH increased; optimum adsorption was recorded at pH 2. Equilibrium adsorption data fitted the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model for the GONH, while it fitted the Freundlich for both GOSH and GOSN. The adsorption process was theoretically exothermic process that was spontaneous processes. The Cr adsorption capacities of these adsorbents are 114, 89.6, and 173 mg/g for GONH, GOSH, and GOSN, respectively, and these were better than several reported graphene‐based adsorbents and suggest the potential of these adsorbents for water treatment.Practitioner points

Graphene oxide was mono and dual‐functionalized with amine and thiol groups for Cr adsorption.

The adsorption capacities of these adsorbents were better than several earlier reported.

These adsorbents may be used for real contaminated water treatment.
NfL and pNfH are increased in Friedreich’s ataxia
Authors:   the EFACTS study group, Hayer Stefanie Nicole , Liepelt Inga , Barro Christian , Wilke Carlo , Kuhle Jens , Martus Peter , Schöls Ludger 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective
To assess neurofilaments as neurodegenerative biomarkers in serum of patients with Friedreich’s ataxia.

Methods
Single molecule array measurements of neurofilament light (NfL) and heavy chain (pNfH) in 99 patients with genetically confirmed Friedreich’s ataxia. Correlation of NfL/pNfH serum levels with disease severity, disease duration, age, age at onset, and GAA repeat length.

Results
Median serum levels of NfL were 21.2 pg/ml (range 3.6–49.3) in controls and 26.1 pg/ml (0–78.1) in Friedreich’s ataxia (p = 0.002). pNfH levels were 23.5 pg/ml (13.3–43.3) in controls and 92 pg/ml (3.1–303) in Friedreich’s ataxia (p = 0.0004). NfL levels were significantly increased in younger patients (age 16–31 years, p < 0.001) and patients aged 32–47 years (p = 0.008), but not in patients of age 48 years and older (p = 0.41). In a longitudinal assessment, there was no difference in NfL levels in 14 patients with repeated sampling 2 years after baseline measurement. Levels of NfL correlated inversely with GAA1 repeat length (r = − 0.24, p = 0.02) but not with disease severity (r = − 0.13, p = 0.22), disease duration (r = − 0.06, p = 0.53), or age at onset (r = 0.05, p = 0.62).

Conclusion
Serum levels of NfL and pNfH are elevated in Friedreich’s ataxia, but differences to healthy controls decrease with increasing age. Long-term longitudinal data are required to explore whether this reflects a selection bias from early death of more severely affected individuals or a slowing down of the neurodegenerative process with age. In a pilot study over 2 years of follow-up—a period relevant for biomarkers indicating treatment effects—we found NfL levels to be stable.
Correction to: An Integrated In Vitro–In Silico Approach for Silver Nanoparticle Dosimetry in Cell Cultures
Authors: Poli Daniele , Mattei Giorgio , Ucciferri Nadia , Ahluwalia Arti 
Published: January 2020

The article An Integrated In Vitro–In Silico Approach for Silver Nanoparticle Dosimetry in Cell Cultures, written by Ahluwalia et al, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 13 January 2020 without open access.
Neuroevolutionary learning in nonstationary environments
Authors: Escovedo Tatiana , Koshiyama Adriano , da Cruz Andre Abs , Vellasco Marley 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work presents a new neuro-evolutionary model, called NEVE (Neuroevolutionary Ensemble), based on an ensemble of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks for learning in nonstationary environments. NEVE makes use of quantum-inspired evolutionary models to automatically configure the ensemble members and combine their output. The quantum-inspired evolutionary models identify the most appropriate topology for each MLP network, select the most relevant input variables, determine the neural network weights and calculate the voting weight of each ensemble member. Four different approaches of NEVE are developed, varying the mechanism for detecting and treating concepts drifts, including proactive drift detection approaches. The proposed models were evaluated in real and artificial datasets, comparing the results obtained with other consolidated models in the literature. The results show that the accuracy of NEVE is higher in most cases and the best configurations are obtained using some mechanism for drift detection. These results reinforce that the neuroevolutionary ensemble approach is a robust choice for situations in which the datasets are subject to sudden changes in behaviour.
(Not) alone in the world: Cheating in the presence of a virtual observer
Authors: Mol Jantsje M. , van der Heijden Eline C. M. , Potters Jan J. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe conducted an experiment in a high-immersive virtual reality environment to study the effect of the presence of a virtual observer on cheating behavior. Participants were placed in a virtual room and played 30 rounds of a cheating game without a chance of their cheating being detected. We varied whether or not a virtual observer (an avatar) was present in the room, and, if so, whether the avatar was actively staring at the decision maker or passively seated in a corner watching his smartphone. Results display significantly less cheating with an active than with a passive avatar, but not less cheating than in a control condition without an avatar. This suggests that an active (virtual) observer can intensify reputational concerns, but that the presence of someone passive and uninterested may actually alleviate such concerns.
Viscosity Measurement by the
“Oscillating Drop Method”: The Case of Strongly Damped
Oscillations
Authors: Lohöfer Georg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBy the measurement of the frequency and damping time of
surface oscillations, excited by a short pulse on a freely floating
liquid droplet, the surface tension and viscosity of the liquid can
under certain conditions contactlessly be determined. The
conventional physical models linking these material properties to
the corresponding measurement quantities are the Rayleigh and the
Lamb formula. However, both these equations are derived under the
assumption of undamped or very weakly damped oscillations. In the
following the basic characteristic equation of the linear
Navier–Stokes equation, representing a corresponding physical model
for the whole damping range, is theoretically investigated. A
comparison of its accurate results with those of Rayleigh and Lamb
reveal, that the Rayleigh formula provides, even in the case of
strongly damped oscillations, an approximation which is still good
enough for most practical purposes, whereas the Lamb formula
deviates by more than 10 % from the accurate value. An improvement
of the Lamb formula is derived from the characteristic equation
which extends its practical applicability also to strongly damped
oscillations.
KIDSpec: An MKID-Based Medium-Resolution, Integral Field Spectrograph
Authors: O’Brien Kieran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractKIDSpec, the Kinetic Inductance Detector Spectrograph, is a concept for a highly sensitive, medium-spectral-resolution optical through near-IR spectrograph. It uses the intrinsic-energy-resolving capability of an array of optical/IR-sensitive MKIDs to distinguish multiple orders from a low-resolution grating. By acting as an ‘order resolver,’ the MKID array replaces the cross-disperser in an echelle spectrograph. This greatly simplifies the optical layout of the spectrograph and enables longer slits than are possible with cross-dispersed instruments (to improve sky subtraction). KIDSpec would have similar capabilities to ESO’s highly successful X-shooter instrument. It would provide an R = 4000–10,000 spectrum covering the optical and near-IR spectral range (0.4–1.5 µm). As well as a ‘long-slit’ mode, the IFU would provide a small ($$\sim 50\hbox { spaxel}$$∼50spaxel) field of view for spatially resolved sources. In addition, the photon-counting operation of MKIDs and their photon-energy-resolving ability enable a read-noise-free spectrum with perfect cosmic ray removal. The spectral resolution would be sufficient to remove the bright night-sky lines without the additional pixel noise, making the instrument more sensitive than an equivalent semiconductor-based instrument. KIDSpec would enhance many existing high-profile science cases, including transient (GRB, SNe, etc.) follow-up, redshift determination of faint objects and transit spectroscopy of exoplanets. In addition, it will enable unique science cases, such as dynamical mass estimates of the compact objects in ultra-compact binaries.
A Mixed-Method Investigation into Therapeutic Yoga as an Adjunctive Treatment for People Recovering from Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Fitzgerald Christopher , Barley Ruth , Hunt Joanna , Klasto Sini-Petriina , West Rosie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMind Body Connect (MBC) is a charity which uses therapeutic yoga as a vehicle of change for marginalized populations. Alongside MBC, Sheffield Hallam University’s SHU Strength researchers carried out this study aiming to: (1) Gauge the impact of therapeutic yoga classes upon the mood state of people with a Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and (2) Explore the perceived benefits of therapeutic yoga class participation. An adapted shortened Profile of Mood States (POMS) was completed before and after each yoga class. A comparison of means with paired sample T-Test and Cohen’s D was then carried out. Participants who attended 6+ classes were interviewed. Findings were then converged. Before and after measurements of anger, sadness, tiredness, worry, confusion, energy and relaxation were taken, Classes were held at SHU for service users from a Phoenix Future’s (PF) rehabilitation centre. A single yoga class significantly relaxed participants and reduced negative mood states. Interview data covered a range of perceived benefits including the use of yogic down-regulation techniques as daily coping strategies. The MBC yoga programme appears beneficial as an adjunctive therapy for PF residents. Future SHU Strength research shall focus on the mid-long-term exercise habits of the recovery community and the impact of the MBC yoga programme upon the early recovery period of detoxification.
Stimulation maps: visualization of results of quantitative intraoperative testing for deep brain stimulation surgery
Authors: Shah Ashesh , Vogel Dorian , Alonso Fabiola , Lemaire Jean-Jacques , Pison Daniela , Coste Jérôme , Wårdell Karin , Schkommodau Erik , Hemm Simone 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established therapy for movement disorders such as essential tremor (ET). Positioning of the DBS lead in the patient’s brain is crucial for effective treatment. Extensive evaluations of improvement and adverse effects of stimulation at different positions for various current amplitudes are performed intraoperatively. However, to choose the optimal position of the lead, the information has to be “mentally” visualized and analyzed. This paper introduces a new technique called “stimulation maps,” which summarizes and visualizes the high amount of relevant data with the aim to assist in identifying the optimal DBS lead position. It combines three methods: outlines of the relevant anatomical structures, quantitative symptom evaluation, and patient-specific electric field simulations. Through this combination, each voxel in the stimulation region is assigned one value of symptom improvement, resulting in the division of stimulation region into areas with different improvement levels. This technique was applied retrospectively to five ET patients in the University Hospital in Clermont-Ferrand, France. Apart from identifying the optimal implant position, the resultant nine maps show that the highest improvement region is frequently in the posterior subthalamic area. The results demonstrate the utility of the stimulation maps in identifying the optimal implant position.
Effectivity of tyrosinase purification by membrane techniques versus fractionation by salting out
Authors: Labus Karolina , Wiśniewski Łukasz , Cieńska Małgorzata , Bryjak Jolanta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to select micro- and ultrafiltration membranes that can be used for the purification of mushroom tyrosinase, replacing salting-out dual-step processes followed by centrifugations. In experiments, a raw extract from white mushrooms was used with high level of ballast proteins and brownish impurities. Four microfiltration membranes for the removal of undesired high molecular weight compounds were screened and that made of nitrocellulose was selected due to high recovery of enzymatic activity. Then diafiltration and concentration on the membrane made of polyethersulphone (300 kDa) was selected to recover 8% of proteins and 58% of tyrosinase activity with five- to seven purification fold, 10% of proteases, and 8% of brown impurities. It was shown that tyrosinase can be pre-purified by selected membranes yielding the enzyme quality at least comparable to that after double salting-out method but in one device. In both cases, subsequent purification by ion-exchange chromatography slightly increased purification degree of the enzyme and brown impurity removal. The surplus of membrane pre-purification is substantially higher thermal stability of the enzyme, enlarged after the chromatographic step, due to very low content of proteolytic enzymes.
Separation of saline oily wastewater by membrane distillation
Authors: Gryta Marek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMembrane distillation was used for the treatment of saline oily wastewaters collected from harbour deoiling installation. The turbidity of these wastewaters was in the range 63–87 NTU, salt concentration was 6–11 g/L and the oil content in the feed was below 40 mg/L. Two types of commercial polypropylene capillary membranes were applied for the process study. The intensive membrane fouling during the wastewater separation was observed. Modules rinsed with water removed the organic deposits formed. However, the CaCO3 scale was accumulated on the membrane surfaces during 1500 h of the process, resulting in a permeate flux decline by more than 40%. The initial yield of modules was recovered by membrane rinsing with 5 wt% HCl solution. The long-term studies demonstrated that the separated oily wastewaters did not cause wetting of the applied membrane. The degree of retention amounted to 98% for the inorganic compounds and more than 99% for the organic compounds.
Experimental Study on Coupled Motions of Mother Ship Launching and Recovering of Human-Occupied Vehicle in Regular Waves
Authors: Chen Yunsai , Ma Liang , Duan Wenyang , Liu Peng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe launching and recovery process of a human-occupied vehicle (HOV) faces more complex wave effects than other types of submersible operations. However, due to the nonlinearity between the HOV and its mother ship, difficulties occur in theoretically simulating their coupled motion and hydrodynamics. The coupled motion responses and the load under different regular wave conditions are investigated experimentally in this study. The optimized design of the experimental scheme simulated the launching and recovery process of the mother ship and HOV in regular waves. The attitude sensor performed synchronous real-time measurement of the coupled motion between the mother ship and HOV as well as obtained the load data on the coupled motion under different cable lengths. The results show that models in heading waves mainly lead to the vertical motion of the hoisting point. In beam waves, the transverse and vertical motions of the hoisting point occur in a certain frequency of waves. Under the heading and beam wave conditions, the longer the hoisting cable is, the greater the movement amplitude of the submersible is. Moreover, compared with the condition of the beam waves, the hoisting submersible has less influence on the mother ship under the condition of the heading waves. The findings provide theoretical support for the design optimization of the launching and recovery operation.
Blue carbon conservation in West Africa: a first assessment of feasibility
Authors: Bryan Tanya , Virdin John , Vegh Tibor , Kot Connie Y. , Cleary Jesse , Halpin Patrick N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe loss of blue carbon ecosystems results in significant levels of carbon emissions and decreased supply of other ecosystem services. West Africa contains approximately 14% of the world’s mangrove area but despite 25% of coverage loss between 1980 and 2006, the region’s mangroves have not been well studied. This study aims to provide a first step toward increasing the knowledge of the region’s blue carbon stocks, with a focus on mangroves, and of their financial value based on their carbon storage benefit alone. The best available data suggest that the region contains 1.97 million hectares of mangroves storing 854 million metric tons of carbon in above- and below-ground biomass and the top meter of soil; 4.8 million hectares of seagrass storing 673 million metric tons of carbon; and 1.2 million hectares of salt marshes storing 303 million metric tons of carbon. Even without including values for other benefits of intact mangroves, the conservation of mangroves in the region appears viable. Specifically, the discounted value of 20-year emission reductions under a conservation scenario is estimated to be between $341.2–569.0 million at an 8% discount rate and carbon prices of $3 and $5 per metric ton respectively.
Developmental Maturation of the Cerebellar White Matter—an Instructive Environment for Cerebellar Inhibitory Interneurons
Authors: Groteklaes Anne , Bönisch Carina , Eiberger Britta , Christ Andrea , Schilling Karl 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the developing cerebellum, the nascent white matter (WM) serves as an instructivenichefor cerebellar cortical inhibitory interneurons. As their Pax2 expressing precursors transit the emerging WM, their laminar fate is programmed. The source(s) and nature of the signals involved remain unknown. Here, we used immunocytochemistry to follow the cellular maturation of the murine cerebellar WM during this critical period. During the first few days of postnatal development, when most Pax2 expressing cells are formed and many of them reach the cerebellar gray matter, only microglial cells can be identified in the territories through which Pax2 cells migrate. From p4 onward, cells expressing the oligodendrocytic or astrocyte markers, CNP-1, MBP or GFAP, started to appear in the nascent WM. Expression of macroglial markers increased with cerebellar differentiation, yet deep nuclei remained GFAP-negative at all ages. The progressive spread of maturing glia did not correlate with the exit of Pax2 cells from the WM, as indicated by the extensive mingling of these cells up to p15. Whereas sonic hedgehog-associated p75NTRexpression could be verified in granule cell precursors, postmitotic Pax2 cells are p75NTRnegative at all ages analyzed. Thus, if Pax2 cells, like their precursors, are sensitive to sonic hedgehog, this does not affect their expression of p75NTR. Our findings document that subsequently generated sets of Pax2 expressing precursors of inhibitory cerebellar interneurons are confronted with a dynamically changing complement of cerebellar glia. The eventual identification of fate-defining pathways should profit from the covariation with glial maturation predicted by the present findings.