bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological therapy for mood instability within bipolar spectrum disorder: a single-arm feasibility study of a dialectical behaviour therapy-informed approach
Authors: Wright Kim , Palmer Gemma , Javaid Mahmood , Mostazir Mohammod , Lynch Tom 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
We sought to evaluate the acceptability of a psychological therapy programme (Therapy for Inter-episode Mood Variability in Bipolar Disorder (ThrIVe-B)) for individuals with ongoing bipolar mood instability and the feasibility and acceptability of potential trial procedures. We also evaluated the performance of clinical and process outcome measures and the extent to which the programme potentially represents a safe and effective intervention.

Method
We conducted an open (uncontrolled) trial in which 12 individuals with a bipolar spectrum diagnosis commenced the ThrIVe-B programme after completing baseline assessments. The programme comprised 16 group skills training sessions plus individual sessions and a supporting smartphone application. Follow-up assessments were at therapy end-point and 6 months post-treatment.

Results
Nine participants completed treatment. Ten provided end-of-treatment data; of these, nine were satisfied with treatment. Interviews with participants and clinicians indicated that the treatment was broadly feasible and acceptable, with suggestions for improvements to content, delivery and study procedures. Exploration of change in symptoms was consistent with the potential for the intervention to represent a safe and effective intervention.

Conclusions
Conducting further evaluation of this approach in similar settings is likely to be feasible, whilst patient reports and the pattern of clinical change observed suggest this approach holds promise for this patient group. Future research should include more than one study site and a comparison arm to address additional uncertainties prior to a definitive trial.

Trial registration
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02637401; registered 22.12.15 (retrospectively registered).
Zonulin as marker of pregnancy induced hypertension: a case control study
Authors: Bawah Ahmed Tijani , Tornyi Henry , Seini Mohammed Mustapha , Ngambire Lincoln Toamsoma , Yeboah Francis Agyemang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Zonulin has been implicated in many metabolic disorders including hypertension and obesity. However, there is insufficient information about the involvement of zonulin in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) which comprises preeclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH). This study was therefore aimed at finding the level of this biochemical marker of regulation of tight junctions among women with PIH.

Methods
A total of 88 women with PIH and 60 age and body mass index (BMI) matched healthy pregnant women controls were enrolled. Blood pressure at 11–13 weeks and after 20 weeks of gestation, body mass index (BMI) in addition to serum Zonulin levels and lipid profile were compared between the groups. Student’s t-test was used for comparisons of the mean between the two groups. Correlation analyses were performed using Pearson’s correlation and binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with PIH.

Results
Zonulin level was significantly higher in the participants with PIH as compared to the normal pregnant controls 56.81 ± 7.72 ng/ml vs 40.4 ± 8.60 ng/ml p < 0.0001 and had strong positive correlation with PIH (OR = 1.805; CI1.139–1.275; p < 0.0001). However, the association between first trimester lipids and PIH was weak.

Conclusion
The results showed a strong positive correlation between zonulin and PIH, thus changes in intestinal permeability occur in early stages of pregnancy and may be involved in the pathogenesis of PIH.
Identifying a commercially-available 3D printing process that minimizes model distortion after annealing and autoclaving and the effect of steam sterilization on mechanical strength
Authors: Chen Joshua V. , Tanaka Kara S. , Dang Alan B. C. , Dang Alexis 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Fused deposition modeling 3D printing is used in medicine for diverse purposes such as creating patient-specific anatomical models and surgical instruments. For use in the sterile surgical field, it is necessary to understand the mechanical behavior of these prints across 3D printing materials and after autoclaving. It has been previously understood that steam sterilization weakens polylactic acid, however, annealing heat treatment of polylactic acid increases its crystallinity and mechanical strength. We aim to identify an optimal and commercially available 3D printing process that minimizes distortion after annealing and autoclaving and to quantify mechanical strength after these interventions.

Methods
Thirty millimeters cubes with four different infill geometries were 3D printed and subjected to hot water-bath annealing then immediate autoclaving. Seven commercially available 3D printing materials were tested to understand their mechanical behavior after intervention. The dimensions in the X, Y, and Z axes were measured before and after annealing, and again after subsequent autoclaving. Standard and strength-optimized Army-Navy retractor designs were printed using the 3D printing material and infill geometry that deformed the least. These retractors were subjected to annealing and autoclaving interventions and tested for differences in mechanical strength.

Results
For both the annealing and subsequent autoclaving intervention, the material and infill geometry that deformed the least, respectively, was Essentium PLA Gray and “grid”. Standard retractors without intervention failed at 95 N +/− 2.4 N. Annealed retractors failed at 127.3 N +/− 10 N. Autoclave only retractors failed at 15.7 N +/− 1.4 N. Annealed then autoclaved retractors failed at 19.8 N +/− 3.1 N. Strength-optimized retractors, after the annealing then autoclaving intervention, failed at 164.8 N +/− 12.5 N.

Conclusion
For 30 mm cubes, the 3D printing material and infill geometry that deformed the least, respectively, was Essentium PLA and “grid”. Hot water-bath annealing results in increased 3D printed model strength, however autoclaving 3D prints markedly diminishes strength. Strength-optimized 3D printed PLA Army-Navy retractors overcome the strength limitation due to autoclaving.
Assessment, typo error on Author's response of Post Ischemic Stroke Infections
Authors: Gamal Reda Mohammad AL-Bahy M. , EL-Hady Ashraf EL-Sherbiny Abd , Gad Hassan Kawashty , Aboelmakarem Mohammad Abd EL-Hady M. , Nowar Amir Abdel-Ghaffar Mohammady , Hegazy Haytham Khalifa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Infection is a common complication in acute phase after stroke, and even in specialized stroke units, it remains one of the major complications. The relationship between infections and acute ischemic stroke is complex and bidirectional. Infections can result in ischemic stroke, and the rate of infection is increased after ischemic stroke.

Aim of work
The aim of this study is to estimate the incidence of post-stroke infections in the Egyptian patients, with determination of the most common infections, possible risk factors, and their clinical implications.

Methods
The study was conducted on one hundred adult patients with acute ischemic stroke, full medical history, thorough clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations, estimation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, abdominal ultrasound, plain X-ray of the chest, culture and sensitivity, non-contrast computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging for patients with normal CT studies of the brain, duplex study of both carotids and vertebral, ECG, and echocardiography, any further investigations needed and lastly collected data statistically analyzed.

Results
The results of our study showed that 32 patients (32%) developed post-stroke infection. Post-stroke infections increased with higher age and female gender. Post-stroke infections were strongly correlated to the presence of atrial fibrillation, previous stroke, or transient ischemic attacks. The occurrence of post-stroke infection was significantly correlated to stroke severity, size of infarction, and carotid stenosis. Post-stroke infection was also correlated with the occurrence of multiple post-stroke neurological complications. Infections that occurred post-stroke were pneumonia (21%) and urinary tract infection (15%), blood (5%), and subcutaneous infection (3%).

Conclusion
Stroke is a major health problem, and infection is one of the commonest post-stroke complications. Post-stroke infection significantly affects clinical outcome and being strongly associated with occurrence of neurological complications.
Abstract: study was conducted on one hundred adult patients with acute ischemic stroke, full medical history, thorough clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations, estimation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, abdominal ultrasound, plain X-ray of the chest, culture and sensitivity, non-contrast computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for patients with normal CT studies of the brain, duplex study of both carotids and vertebral, electrocardiography (ECG), and echocardiography, any further investigations needed and lastly collected data statistically analyzed.
Clinico-pathological significance of immunohistochemically marked tumor-associated macrophage in classic Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Abd Allah Mona Y. Y. , Fahmi Maryan Waheeb , EL-Ashwah Shaimaa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are pivotal in remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical outcome. Herein, we aim to evaluate the impact of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of CD68 and CD163 in TAM on clinico-pathological features, patients’ response to therapy and the overall survival (OS).

Results
This retrospective study was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 100 classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) cases diagnosed and treated at our Institution. Immunohistochemical scores of CD68 and CD163 were statistically related to bulky disease (p value = 0.005 for both), tumor stage (p value = 0.02 for both), International Prognostic Score (IPS) (p value = 0.04 and 0.02 respectively), and the overall response rate (ORR) (p value = 0.001). Additionally, CD163 was also statistically related to gender (p value = 0.02), serum albumin level (p value = 0.03), and B symptoms (p value = 0.04). HCV seropositivity did not relate to either CD68 or CD163 score. Using univariate analysis revealed that B symptoms, bulky disease, IPS ≥ 3, and CD163 > 25% were associated with lower OS (p values = 0.003, 0.006, 0.001, and < 0.001 respectively), while after multivariate cox regression analysis, B symptoms, IPS ≥ 3, and CD163 > 25% were related to inferior OS (p values 0.02, 0.02, and 0.003).

Conclusion
CD163 expressing TAM is a powerful predictor for OS in cHL, unlike CD68.
Pretreatment Endocrine Disorders Due to Optic Pathway Gliomas in Pediatric Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Multicenter Study
Authors: Santoro Claudia , Perrotta Silverio , Picariello Stefania , Scilipoti Martina , Cirillo Mario , Quaglietta Lucia , Cinalli Giuseppe , Cioffi Daniela , Di Iorgi Natascia , Maghnie Mohamad , Gallizia Annalisa , Parpagnoli Maria , Messa Federica , De Sanctis Luisa , Vannelli Silvia , Marzuillo Pierluigi , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Grandone Anna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Context
Up to 20% of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) develop low-grade optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) that can result in endocrine dysfunction. Data on prevalence and type of endocrine disorders in NF1-related OPGs are scarce.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of endocrine dysfunctions in patients with NF1 and OPGs and to investigate predictive factors before oncological treatment.

Design
Multicenter retrospective study.

Settings and patients
Records were reviewed for 116 children (64 females, 52 males) with NF1 and OPGs followed at 4 Italian centers.

Main outcome measures
We evaluated endocrine function and reviewed brain imaging at the time of OPG diagnosis before radio- and chemotherapy and/or surgery. OPGs were classified according to the modified Dodge classification.

Results
Thirty-two children (27.6%) with a median age of 7.8 years had endocrine dysfunctions including central precocious puberty in 23 (71.9%), growth hormone deficiency in 3 (9.4%), diencephalic syndrome in 4 (12.5%), and growth hormone hypersecretion in 2 (6.2%). In a multivariate cox regression analysis, hypothalamic involvement was the only independent predictor of endocrine dysfunctions (hazard ratio 5.02 [1.802-13.983]; P = .002).

Conclusions
Endocrine disorders were found in approximately one-third of patients with Neurofibromatosis type 1 and OPGs before any oncological treatment, central precocious puberty being the most prevalent. Sign of diencephalic syndrome and growth hormone hypersecretion, although rare, could be predictive of optic pathway gliomas in NF1. Tumor location was the most important predictor of endocrine disorders, particularly hypothalamic involvement.
Coronavirus Infections and Type 2 Diabetes—Shared Pathways with Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Drucker Daniel J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAbstract Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk for bacterial, mycotic, parasitic, and viral infections. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 (also referred to as COVID-19) coronavirus pandemic highlights the importance of understanding shared disease pathophysiology potentially informing therapeutic choices in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Two coronavirus receptor proteins, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) are also established transducers of metabolic signals and pathways regulating inflammation, renal and cardiovascular physiology, and glucose homeostasis. Moreover, glucose-lowering agents such as the DPP4 inhibitors, widely used in subjects with T2D, are known to modify the biological activities of multiple immunomodulatory substrates. Here, we review the basic and clinical science spanning the intersections of diabetes, coronavirus infections, ACE2, and DPP4 biology, highlighting clinical relevance and evolving areas of uncertainty underlying the pathophysiology and treatment of T2D in the context of coronavirus infection.
The small GTPase Rab32 resides on lysosomes to regulate mTORC1 signaling
Authors: Drizyte-Miller Kristina , Chen Jing , Cao Hong , Schott Micah B. , McNiven Mark A. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Epithelial cells, such as liver-resident hepatocytes, rely heavily on the Rab family of small GTPases to perform membrane trafficking events that dictate cell physiology and metabolism. Not surprisingly, disruption of several Rab proteins can manifest in metabolic diseases or cancer. Rab32 is expressed in many secretory epithelial cells but its role in cellular metabolism is virtually unknown. In this study, we find that Rab32 associates with lysosomes and regulates proliferation and cell size of Hep3B hepatoma and HeLa cells. Specifically, we identify that Rab32 supports the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling under basal and amino acid-stimulated conditions. Consistent with inhibited mTORC1, an increase in nuclear TFEB localization and lysosome biogenesis is also observed in Rab32-depleted cells. Finally, we find that Rab32 interacts with mTOR kinase, and that loss of Rab32 reduces the association of mTOR and mTORC1 pathway proteins with lysosomes, suggesting that Rab32 regulates lysosomal mTOR trafficking. In summary, these findings suggest that Rab32 functions as a novel regulator of cellular metabolism through supporting mTORC1 signaling.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Control of assembly of extra-axonemal structures: the paraflagellar rod of trypanosomes
Authors: Alves Aline A. , Gabriel Heloisa B. , Bezerra Maria J. R. , de Souza Wanderley , Vaughan Sue , Cunha-e-Silva Narcisa L. , Sunter Jack D. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Eukaryotic flagella are complex microtubule-based organelles that, in many organisms, contain extra-axonemal structures, such as the outer dense fibres of mammalian sperm and the paraflagellar rod (PFR) of trypanosomes. Flagellum assembly is a complex process occurring across three main compartments, the cytoplasm, the transition zone and the flagellum itself. The process begins with the translation of protein components followed by their sorting and trafficking into the flagellum, transport to the assembly site and incorporation. Flagella are formed from over 500 proteins and the principles governing assembly of the axonemal components are relatively clear. However, the coordination and location of assembly of extra-axonemal structures are less clear. We have discovered two cytoplasmic proteins in Trypanosoma brucei that are required for PFR formation, PFR assembly factors 1 and 2 (PFR-AF1 and PFR-AF2, respectively). Deletion of either PFR-AF1 or PFR-AF2 dramatically disrupted PFR formation and caused a reduction in the amount of major PFR proteins. The existence of cytoplasmic factors required for PFR formation aligns with the concept that processes facilitating axoneme assembly occur across multiple compartments, and this is likely a common theme for extra-axonemal structure assembly.
Automated 3D light-sheet screening with high spatiotemporal resolution reveals mitotic phenotypes
Authors: Eismann Björn , Krieger Teresa G. , Beneke Jürgen , Bulkescher Ruben , Adam Lukas , Erfle Holger , Herrmann Carl , Eils Roland , Conrad Christian 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
3D cell cultures enable the in vitro study of dynamic biological processes such as the cell cycle, but their use in high-throughput screens remains impractical with conventional fluorescent microscopy. Here, we present a screening workflow for the automated evaluation of mitotic phenotypes in 3D cell cultures by light-sheet microscopy. After sample preparation by a liquid handling robot, cell spheroids are imaged for 24 h in toto with a dual-view inverted selective plane illumination microscope (diSPIM) with a much improved signal-to-noise ratio, higher imaging speed, isotropic resolution and reduced light exposure compared to a spinning disc confocal microscope. A dedicated high-content image processing pipeline implements convolutional neural network-based phenotype classification. We illustrate the potential of our approach using siRNA knockdown and epigenetic modification of 28 mitotic target genes for assessing their phenotypic role in mitosis. By rendering light-sheet microscopy operational for high-throughput screening applications, this workflow enables target gene characterization or drug candidate evaluation in tissue-like 3D cell culture models.
CORRUPÇÃO, TRANSPARÊNCIA, BOA GOVERNAÇÃO E DEMOCRACIA: REGIME JURÍDICO-INTERNACIONAL E INTERNO
Authors: Kosta E. Kafft 
Published: April 2020

O trabalho ora apresentado alicerça-se em três eixos. O primeiro dos quais (“Intodução ao Tema”) oferece aproximações conceptuais à fenomenologia da corrupção, transparência, boa governação e democracia, sondando – fixados os marcos teóricos preliminares - dinâmicas de articulação e desarticulação entre estes fenómenos. A desagregação do tema ensaiada no segundo eixo (“Desenvolvimento Analítico”) tem como móbil: captar, no essencial, o regime jurídico da corrupção na esfera internacional e no âmbito estadual (num estudo de caso incidente na Guiné-Bissau); pôr em relação os dois regimes jurídicos; proceder à acareação da política e corrupção, bem como da justiça e corrupção – enfrentando, nesta última hipótese - a angustiante questão de “quem guarda o guarda?”; mapear, em tópicos curtos, a ameaça corruptiva no mundo; ponderar a relevância da Lei, da Instituição e do Homem no embate contra a corrupção numa, aparentemente, incontornável distopia. Os resultados axiais sintetizados na “Conclusão” abraçam a interseccionalidade dos pilares “democracia”, “transparência” e “boa governação”, em inconciliável oposição ao anti-valor “corrupção” – a carecer de inteligente e resoluto combate na arena jurídico-normativa, judicial, policial, política e societal.
REFÚGIO NO CONE SUL: ANÁLISE COMPARADA SOBRE O DIREITO DOS REFUGIADOS NA ARGENTINA E BRASIL
Authors: Squeff Tatiana De A. F. R. Cardoso , Pinto Neto Romeu Vaz 
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo visa analisar sob a perspectiva comparada as questões atinentes ao refúgio em dois países do cone sul, a saber, na Argentina e no Brasil, na tentativa de averiguar, sob um olhar normativo, qual ordenamento jurídico recepcionaria melhor os refugiados em seu território. Nesse sentido, três níveis de comparação são feitos: (1) quanto às regras aplicáveis nos ordenamentos brasileiro e argentino; (2) quanto aos direitos previstos nas normativas domésticas destes Estados, para além daquelas positivadas em nível internacional e acatadas pelos mesmos; e (3) quanto ao procedimento a ser cumprido para requerer-se refúgio nesses países. Para tanto, desde uma análise histórico-descritiva e de um recorte qualitativo, foi realizada uma pesquisa majoritariamente documental e, em menor escala, bibliográfica. Ao final, uma vez obtidos esses elementos, desde uma abordagem exploratória, notou-se que a lei argentina é mais benéfica aos refugiados quando comparada com a lei brasileira, de modo que, se essa informação fosse conhecida, poderia colaborar para um influxo maior de refugiados à Argentina.
Dysregulated epidermal growth factor and tumor growth factor-beta receptor signaling through GFAP-ACTA2 protein interaction in liver fibrosis
Authors: Hassan Sobia , Rubab Zil-e- , Shah Hussain , Shawana Summayya 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Viral hepatitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Identification of biological pathways involved in hepatic fibrosis resulting from chronic hepatitis C are essential for better management of patients. Constructing the HCV-human protein interaction network through bioinformatics may enable us to discover diagnostic biological pathways. We investigated to identify dysregulated pathways and gene enrichment based on actin alpha 2 (ACTA2) and glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) interaction network analysis in hepatic fibrosis.
Methods: This is an in-silico study conducted at Ziauddin University from March,2019 to September 2019. Enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of the identified proteins: GFAP and ACTA2 along with their mapped gene data sets was performed using FunRich version 3.1.3.
Results: Biological pathway grouping showed enrichment of proteins (85.7%) in signalling pathway by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Tumor growth factor (TGF)-beta Receptor followed by signaling by PDGF, FGFR and NGF (71.4%) (p < 0.001). SRC, PRKACA, PRKCA and PRKCD were enriched in both EGFR and TGF-beta Signalling pathways.
Conclusion: EGFR and TGF-beta signalling pathways were enriched in liver fibrosis. SRC, PRKACA, PRKCA and PRKCD were enriched and differentially expressed in both EGFR and TGF-beta signalling pathways
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1845
How to cite this:Hassan S, Zil-e-Rubab, Shah H, Shawana S. Dysregulated epidermal growth factor and tumor growth factor-beta receptor signaling through GFAP-ACTA2 protein interaction in liver fibrosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):782-787. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1845
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.