bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesisand Characterization of Benzothiophene‐3‐carbonitrile Derivative and Its Interactions with Human Serum Albumin (HSA)
Authors: Parveen Mehtab , Aslam Afroz , Alam Mahboob , Siddiqui Mohd Faizan , Bano Bilqees , Azaz Shaista , Silva Manuela Ramos , Silva P. S. Pereira 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA series of biologically active compounds, i. e., benzothiophene‐3‐carbonitrile derivatives, were synthesized from 1,3‐cyclohexanediones and malononitrile in the presence of base using the well‐known Gewald reaction. This recyclable approach resulted in significant improvement in overall yield (85‐90%), high purity and minimized production of chemical waste without using toxic reagents. The formation of compound, 2‐amino‐7‐oxo‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1‐benzothiophene‐3‐carbonitrile (3 a) was additionally supported by X‐ray crystallography and was found to crystallize in P21/n space group. The mode of binding of 3 a with human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by FTIR, UV spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and molecular docking studies. The fluorescence results establish that compound 3 a interacted with HSA via static quenching mechanism with a binding affinity of 11.49 × 10−4 mol−1 and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of−6.8 kcal mol−1. Molecular docking has been used to calculate the probable mode of interaction of compound 3 a with HSA.
Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity in Ampicillin Loaded Core‐Shell ZnO@ZIF‐8 Particles
Authors: Mohanta Girish C. , Pandey Satish K. , Maurya Indresh K. , Sahota Tavleen S. , Mondal Sanjay K. , Deep Akash 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCombination therapy with the use of nanomaterials and antibiotics is an effective approach to combat increasing antimicrobial resistance. Herein, the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of core‐shell Zinc oxide ‐ Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 (ZnO@ZIF‐8) particles loaded with ampicillin is reported. The efficacy of the above system has been evaluated against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains. The entrapment of ampicillin within the ZIF‐8 shell of the particles allowed its controlled and pH‐responsive release under in vitro conditions. Ampicillin loaded ZnO@ZIF‐8 particles have exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity as reflected by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 12.50 and 48 μg mL−1 against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. This was also evident by a several‐fold reduction observed in the bacterial population during the time‐kill assays. The values of fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI), assessed for different components, have revealed the ZnO@ZIF‐8/ampicillin system inflicts a synergistic activity against E. coli and an additive activity against S. aureus. Cell membrane disruption is attributed to cell death. Finally, cytotoxicity study against mammalian cell lines has indicated the safety profiles of the particles.
DRIVES—EU blueprint project for the automotive sector—A literature review of drivers of change in automotive industry
Authors: Stolfa Jakub , Stolfa Svatopluk , Baio Christian , Madaleno Utimia , Dolejsi Petr , Brugnoli Federico , Messnarz Richard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDRIVES is a 4‐year project created to deliver human capital solutions to the automotive supply chain and small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). The establishment of an Automotive Sector Skills Alliance covers all levels of the value chain (vehicle production, supply, sales, aftermarket services, and disposal). The automotive sector is facing many disruptive changes in this rapidly changing world. This paper, based on literature review, outlines the drivers of change that impact future developments in the automotive industry. This serves as an input to a questionnaire, which will provide a prioritisation and guidance to which direction the DRIVES project proposed and European Union (EU) skills agenda should concentrate.
Experimental tests on corroded prestressed concrete beams subjected to transverse load
Authors: Recupero Antonino , Spinella Nino 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn prestressed concrete beams, the stress level of tendons drastically modifies the steel corrosion process. Stress corrosion is characterized by the coupling between the conventional corrosion and the steel microcracking. Also, for a low corrosion level of the tendon and under normal service loading, the steel microcracking can lead to a brittle failure. An example of PC structure failure is the Santo Stefano viaduct built in 1954, along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, in Sicily (Italy). In this scenario, an experimental campaign on corroded prestressed concrete beams is carrying out at the University of Messina (Italy). The goal of the research project is the influence of tendon corrosion on the response behavior of structural elements subjected to transversal load. In 2006, a set of prestressed concrete beams was casted at University of Messina Laboratory. Some defects were artificially induced in each specimen by introducing chemical solution or acid in the duct. Then, different damaging fluids were used to induce a prestressed tendon weakness and the specimens were maintained in the basement of the laboratory. In the last year, a destructive test campaign has been started to investigated the degradation of the load‐bearing capacity of beams due to the corrosion progression. In this work, the experimental results of the first group of tests, in terms of crack pattern and load‐deflection response, are reported and commented.
Chemically Fuelled Self‐Regulating Gel‐to‐Gel Transition
Authors: Panja Santanu , Dietrich Bart , Adams Dave J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArtificial self‐regulating materials can be prepared by exploiting fuel‐driven pathways. Dynamic covalent bonds are formed and broken reversibly under mild reaction conditions. Herein, we utilise this concept to programme a system that can undergo a fuel‐driven self‐regulated gel‐to‐gel transition. The reaction between the gelator and the fuel resulted in a change in chemical structure of the gelator that initially causes a transition from a solution to gel state by co‐assembly. With time, the intermediate complex collapses, re‐forming the gelator structure. However, the gel does not collapse. This method allows us to prepare gels with improved mechanical strength. Unlike conventional gel‐to‐gel transitions, exploitation of dynamic covalent chemistry provides an opportunity to access materials that cannot be prepared directly under similar final conditions.
Investigation of the efficiency of continuous evaluation‐based interactive evolutionary computation for composing melody
Authors: Fukumoto Makoto , Hanada Yoshiko 
Published: November 2019

Interactive Evolutionary Computation (IEC) is known as a method reflecting user's feelings on media contents. However, user's fatigue caused by repetitive evaluation tasks remains as a problem. The authors proposed continuous evaluation‐based IEC (CEIEC) that divides user's evaluation tasks into multiple days, while users finish the task in 1 day in conventional IECs. The efficiency of CEIEC was shown by the 2‐day experiment: the highest fitness was obtained in the final generation of the second day. The purpose of this study is to show further efficiencies of CEIEC by comparing experiment. The target of search was designing a 'bright' sign sound. Forty‐two subjects were divided into two groups: half of them performed the 2‐day task of CEIEC, and the other half performed the 1‐day task of IEC. After that, they evaluated representative three sounds. A gradual decrease in update of the solution candidates and a shrink of the search space were observed in both conditions. Furthermore, the same trend of increases in fitness was observed. These results showed the efficiencies of CEIEC in terms of having the same searching ability as the ordinal IEC. Additionally, elapsed time for completing the task was significantly shorter in CEIEC. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Management and biosecurity practices on pig farms in the Western Highlands of Cameroon (Central Africa)
Authors: Kouam Marc K. , Jacouba Manjeli , Moussala Junior O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAfrican swine fever (ASF), erysipelas and many other infectious and parasitic diseases have seriously compromised the future of pig industry in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Since implementation of biosecurity measures (BM) is known to reduce the risk of disease transmission, the objective of this study was to describe the pig farming management system as well as the biosecurity practices on pig farms in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Therefore, 97 farms were investigated using a face‐to‐face interview‐based questionnaire. Biosecurity practices were divided in three components: isolation, traffic control and sanitation. The results revealed that the majority of farms were extensive (73.22%), farrow‐to‐finish farms (59.79%) and essentially raising crossed‐bred (72.75%). The most practiced BM regarding ‘isolation’ were as follows: maintenance of the minimum distance between farms (56.06%) and dispatching of animals of same age in the same room (97.16%); for ‘traffic control’, the measures included the following: assignment of specific tools and equipment (96.86%) to a specific piggery; concerning ‘sanitation’, daily cleaning (97.06%), as well as using disinfectants (89.13%) were mostly implemented. The measures less implemented for ‘isolation’ included fencing (11.83%), compliance with the all‐in all‐out principle (10.11%), use of specific clothing (6.03%) and quarantine (7.69%); for ‘traffic control’, the less adopted measures comprised visitor hands washed before animal handling (11.65%), respect of linear flow principle (13.52%). Concerning ‘sanitation’, these measures included functional footbath (29.90%), processing of drinking water (27.84%) and cleanout (18.14%). The biosecurity level was low, intermediate and high for 73.71, 21.55 and 4.73% of farms, respectively. This low level suggests that ASF and other diseases are likely to remain endemic. The most important measures of concern and to improve are as follows: not feeding kitchen waste to pigs; keeping other livestock species away from pigs; fencing pig barn; keeping newly arrived animals in quarantine, not exchanging boars; not selling sick animals.
Resilience: On‐going wave or subsiding trend in flood risk research and practice?
Authors: Fekete Alexander , Hartmann Thomas , Jüpner Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResilience in relation to flood risk management (FRM) is not a new concept, yet parts of the FRM community are still struggling to apply it. The main challenge this study addresses is the question as to whether parts of the FRM community should still adopt, or rather “leap‐frog,” resilience. The main purpose is to evaluate whether resilience is a still on‐going trend or, already subsiding. Research suggests that resilience is an on‐going trend that connects research and policy and has gained international recognition as expressed by international guidelines and bodies promoting its research but also its operationalization. Academic literature in the area of FRM also shows a significant continuing development. Resilience enables to analyze dynamics and transformations of riverine areas, or coastal zones in connection to an integrated social‐environmental system approach with more emphasis and conceptual basis than previous concepts. Resilience is more than a short‐lived notion and it appears that FRM researchers cannot avoid addressing it. Resilience often is a convergence of ideas and mainstreaming of efforts, which in many venues is absolutely necessary and can help, for example, to decrease silo‐thinking. But as academics, we have a mandate to remain skeptical and remain on the look‐out for novel ideas, too.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Four scenarios of the energy transition: Drivers, consequences, and implications for geopolitics
Authors: Bazilian Morgan , Bradshaw Michael , Gabriel Johannes , Goldthau Andreas , Westphal Kirsten 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis opinion article offers insights into the geopolitics of the ongoing global energy transition. In doing so, it draws heavily on a workshop in Berlin in late 2018, and a subsequent paper in the journal Nature. Four scenarios are presented. First, the “Big Green Deal” offers a positive story of the future, under the assumption that there will be a multilateral approach to tackling climate change. Second, “Dirty Nationalism” explores the fallout of nations choosing to turn inward and pursue a short‐term, protectionist, and self‐interested agenda. Third, “Technology Breakthrough” illustrates how a technological leap forward could lead to a great power rivalry and distinct regional energy blocs. Finally, “Muddling On” investigates the outcome of an energy transition that reflect business as usual. By comparing and contrasting the different scenarios, the article highlights the potential winners and losers of the different scenarios, and the geopolitical consequences. It also sketches the implications for policy, theory, and scenario thinking more broadly.This article is categorized under:

Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Integrated Scenario Development
The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Future of Global Energy
Analytic analysis of load alignment for coning extreme‐scale rotors
Authors: Noyes Carlos , Qin Chao , Loth Eric 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExtreme‐scale wind turbines (rated powers greater than 10 MW) with large rotor diameters and conventional upwind designs must resist extreme downwind and gravity loads. This can lead to significant structural design challenges and high blade masses that can impede the reduction of levelized cost of wind energy. Herein, the theoretical basis for downwind load alignment is developed. This alignment can be addressed with active downwind coning to reduce/eliminate flapwise bending loads by balancing the transverse components of thrust, centrifugal, and gravitational force. Equations are developed herein that estimates the optimal coning angle that reduces flapwise loads by a specified amount. This analysis is then applied to a 13.2‐MW scale with 100‐m‐level wind turbine blades, where it is found that a load alignment coning schedule can substantially reduce the root flapwise bending moments. This moment reduction in this example can allow the rotor mass to be decreased significantly when compared with a conventional upwind three‐bladed rotor while maintaining structural performance and annual energy output.
On the dynamics of user engagement in news comment media
Authors: He Lihong , Han Chao , Mukherjee Arjun , Obradovic Zoran , Dragut Eduard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany news outlets allow users to contribute comments on topics about daily world events. News articles are the seeds that spring users' interest to contribute content, that is, comments. A news outlet may allow users to contribute comments on all their articles or a selected number of them. The topic of an article may lead to an apathetic user commenting activity (several tens of comments) or to a spontaneous fervent one (several thousands of comments). This environment creates a social dynamic that is little studied. The social dynamics around articles have the potential to reveal interesting facets of the user population at a news outlet. In this paper, we report the salient findings about these social media from 15 months worth of data collected from 17 news outlets comprising of over 38,000 news articles and about 21 million user comments. Analysis of the data reveals interesting insights such as there is an uneven relationship between news outlets and their user populations across outlets. Such observations and others have not been revealed, to our knowledge. We believe our analysis in this paper can contribute to news predictive analytics (e.g., user reaction to a news article or predicting the volume of comments posted to an article).This article is categorized under:

Internet > Society and Culture
Ensemble Methods > Web Mining
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Human Centricity and User Interaction
Risks of Hypoparathyroidism After Total Thyroidectomy in Children: A 21‐Year Experience in a High‐Volume Cancer Center
Authors: Wu Si‐Yuan , Chiang Yi‐Ju , Fisher Sarah B. , Sturgis Erich M. , Zafereo Mark E. , Nguyen Sa , Grubbs Elizabeth G. , Graham Paul H. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Waguespack Steven G. , Perrier Nancy D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypoparathyroidism occurs relatively frequently after thyroid surgery in children. However, few studies have reported risk factors. We aimed to identify risk factors for hypoparathyroidism that occurred after total thyroidectomy for proven or suspected malignancy in children.MethodsChildren (aged ≤ 18 years) who underwent total thyroidectomy for neoplasm or RET germline mutation at our institution between 1997 and 2018 were included. We retrospectively reviewed demographics, surgical indications, perioperative and follow‐up laboratory results, pathologic results, and duration of calcium/calcitriol supplementation. Risk factors for hypoparathyroidism were identified by multivariate analysis.ResultsOf 184 consecutive patients, 111 had undergone surgery for neoplasm; these diseases were primarily malignancies (106, 95.5%), predominantly papillary carcinoma (103, 92.8%). The remaining 73 patients had undergone early thyroidectomy for RET germline mutation. Among all patients, 67 (36.4%) had hypoparathyroidism: 61 transient and 6 permanent. In a multivariate analysis, central neck dissection (odds ratio 4.3, 95% confidence interval 2.0–9.1) and gross extrathyroidal extension (odds ratio 4.9, 95% confidence interval 2.0–12.1) predicted overall hypoparathyroidism; however, no significant factors were associated with permanent hypoparathyroidism. Most patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism (5 of 6) had undergone therapeutic central neck dissection. When central neck dissection was performed, younger children had a higher risk of overall hypoparathyroidism.ConclusionsIn pediatric total thyroidectomies, central neck dissection and gross extrathyroidal extension were major predictors for overall hypoparathyroidism. Surgeons performing thyroidectomy in such patients should be aware of the relatively high risk, preserve parathyroid tissue to the extent possible, and be conscientious regarding postoperative calcium monitoring and replacement.
Settling on leaves or flowers: herbivore feeding site determines the outcome of indirect interactions between herbivores and pollinators
Authors: Rusman Quint , Karssemeijer Peter N. , Lucas-Barbosa Dani , Poelman Erik H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerbivore attack can alter plant interactions with pollinators, ranging from reduced to enhanced pollinator visitation. The direction and strength of effects of herbivory on pollinator visitation could be contingent on the type of plant tissue or organ attacked by herbivores, but this has seldom been tested experimentally. We investigated the effect of variation in feeding site of herbivorous insects on the visitation by insect pollinators on floweringBrassica nigraplants. We placed herbivores on either leaves or flowers, and recorded the responses of two pollinator species when visiting flowers. Our results show that variation in herbivore feeding site has profound impact on the outcome of herbivore–pollinator interactions. Herbivores feeding on flowers had consistent positive effects on pollinator visitation, whereas herbivores feeding on leaves did not. Herbivores themselves preferred to feed on flowers, and mostly performed best on flowers. We conclude that herbivore feeding site choice can profoundly affect herbivore–pollinator interactions and feeding site thereby makes for an important herbivore trait that can determine the linkage between antagonistic and mutualistic networks.
Faithful orthogonal representations of graphs from partition logics
Authors: Svozil Karl 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Partition logics often allow a dual probabilistic interpretation: a classical one for which probabilities lie on the convex hull of the dispersion-free weights and another one, suggested independently from the quantum Born rule, in which probabilities are formed by the (absolute) square of the inner product of state vectors with the faithful orthogonal representations of the respective graph. Two immediate consequences are the demonstration that the logico-empirical structure of observables does not determine the type of probabilities alone and that complementarity does not imply contextuality.
Measuring differentiated instruction in The Netherlands and South Korea: factor structure equivalence, correlates, and complexity level
Authors: Maulana Ridwan , Smale-Jacobse Annemieke , Helms-Lorenz Michelle , Chun Seyeoung , Lee Okhwa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDifferentiated instruction is considered to be an important teaching quality domain to address the needs of individual students in daily classroom practices. However, little is known about whether differentiated instruction is empirically distinguishable from other teaching quality domains in different national contexts. Additionally, little is known about how the complex skill of differentiated instruction compares with other teaching quality domains across national contexts. To gain empirical insight in differentiated instruction and other related teaching quality domains, cross-cultural comparisons provide valuable insights. In this study, teacher classroom practices of two high-performing educational systems, The Netherlands and South Korea, were observed focusing on differentiated instruction and other related teaching quality domains using an existing observation instrument. Variable-centred and person-centred approaches were applied to analyze the data. The study provides evidence that differentiated instruction can be viewed as a distinct domain of teaching quality in both national contexts, while at the same time being related to other teaching domains. In both countries, differentiated instruction was the most difficult domain of teaching quality. However, differential relationships between teaching quality domains were visible across teacher profiles and across countries.