bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating disorders mothers and their children: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Martini Maria Giulia , Barona-Martinez Manuela , Micali Nadia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo provide an overview of the impact of maternal eating disorders (ED) on child development in a number of domains including feeding and eating behaviour, neuropsychological profile and cognitive development, psychopathology and temperament. PubMed, Embase and PsychInfo were searched for studies exploring the impact of maternal ED on children between January 1980 and September 2018. Initial search yielded 569 studies. After exclusion, 32 studies were reviewed. Overall, available evidence shows that children of mothers with ED are at increased risk of disturbances in several domains. They exhibit more difficulties in feeding and eating behaviours, display more psychopathological and socio-emotional difficulties, and they are more likely to be described as having a difficult temperament. Maternal ED have an impact on child psychological, cognitive and eating behaviours, and might affect the development of ED in the offspring. Future research should focus on resilience and on which protective factors might lead to positive outcomes. These factors can be then used as therapeutic and preventative targets.
An increase in cell membrane permeability in the in situ extractive fermentation improves the production of antroquinonol from Antrodia camphorata S-29
Authors: Liu Xiao-Feng , Xia Yong-Jun , Lai Phoency F-H , Zhang Yao , Yi Zhen-Wei , Xie Chun-Liang , Hong Yi-Qiu , Ai Lian-Zhong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The goals of this study were to increase the production of antroquinonol (AQ) and to elucidate the response mechanism of the cell membrane during the in situ extractive fermentation (ISEF) of Antrodia camphorata S-29. Through ISEF, the concentration of AQ reached a maximum of 146.1 ± 2.8 mg/L, which was approximately (7.4 ± 0.1)-fold that of the control (coenzyme Q0-induced fermentation). Transcriptome sequencing showed that four genes (FAD2, fabG, SCD, and FAS1) related to fatty acid biosynthesis were upregulated. FAD2 and SCD may regulate the increase in oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) in the cell membrane of A. camphorata S-29, resulting in an increase in cell membrane permeability. AQ was successfully transferred to the n-tetradecane phase through the cell membrane, reducing product feedback inhibition and improving the production of AQ from A. camphorata S-29.
Symptom cluster of pain, fatigue, and psychological distress in breast cancer survivors: prevalence and characteristics
Authors: Bjerkeset Ellen , Röhrl Kari , Schou-Bredal Inger 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer survivors may experience pain, fatigue, or psychological distress as a result of the treatment. These symptoms may co-occur and form a cluster. However little is known about symptom clusters (SCs) in long-term breast cancer survivors. This study aimed to identify subgroups of breast cancer survivors with the SC of pain, fatigue, and psychological distress, and to examine sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with this SC.

Methods
Data were obtained from a nationwide survey of breast cancer survivors (N = 834). Exhaustive enumeration of possible combination of the three binary variables (pain, fatigue, psychological distress) was conducted. They were identified using the recommended threshold for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Fatigue Questionnaire, and a score of one or more on a numeric rating scale for pain. The SC was defined to include all the three variables, all other combinations were defined as no SC. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between sociodemographic and clinical variables and the SC.

Results
Of the 834 survivors, 13% had the SC. Younger age (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–4.1, p = 0.003), lymphedema (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.2, p = 0.02), working part-time (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6–5.3, p < 0.001), or being disabled (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.2–7.8, p < 0.001) were all associated with the SC.

Conclusion
Thirteen percent of the survivors experienced the SC. It appears that premenstrual women are at greater risk, than postmenopausal women. Having this SC might have an impact on the survivors’ ability to work.
Potential and status of damage controlled forming processes
Authors: Hirt Gerhard , Tekkaya A. Erman , Clausmeyer Till , Lohmar Johannes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn modern process design of metallic components, the influence of the metal forming process on the component properties can be taken into account. However, damage occurring concurrent to forming cannot be accounted for yet. Due to the complex multi-scale, multi-mechanism nature of damage, it is very challenging to predict its evolution through any metal forming process chain. In order to enable such damage controlled forming processes in the future three research questions need to be addressed in detail: How are the mechanisms governing the damage initiation and evolution in metals best characterized? How can the damage mechanisms be described and the damage evolution be predicted using models? How do forming processes influence the damage evolution? Answering these questions and considering damage during process design will in the long term lead to improved lightweight components that do not require conventional safety factors, as their performance is already fully known.
From petrographic analysis to stereomicroscopic characterisation: a geoarchaeological approach to identify quartzite artefacts in the Cantabrian Region
Authors: Prieto Alejandro , Yusta Iñaki , Arrizabalaga Alvaro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeveral isolated studies have tried to understand quartzite from an archaeological perspective by applying two different methodological approaches. The first one is based on non-destructive characterisation, aiming to understand human procurement and management of quartzite, without solid geoarchaeological criteria. The second characterised the material from archaeological sites using only petrographic or geochemical perspectives of a limited sample. Currently, both perspectives are unconnected, creating a methodological gap that needs to be solved to study the procurement and management of quartzite in greater depth. The present study, mainly methodological, will explore the gap between petrographic analysis and non-destructive characterisation. Doing so, we could fill this vacuum of information and generate a solid geoarchaeological basis to characterise not only a sample but complete assemblages. To this end, we analyse the lithic assemblages at El Arteu and El Habario, two Middle-Palaeolithic sites in the Cantabrian Region, northern Spain. We summarise the main results derived from petrographic analysis, but especially we will focus on non-destructive criteria to characterise the lithic surfaces of archaeological quartzite using stereoscope microscopy. This process allows us to understand the complete assemblage but also, through technological characterisation, understand the management of different quartzite petrogenetic types in both sites.
A critical review of development and demulsification mechanisms of crude oil emulsion in the petroleum industry
Authors: Raya Sofiah Atirah , Mohd Saaid Ismail , Abbas Ahmed Abdelazim , Abubakar Umar Abubakar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe need for efficient demulsification process to treat emulsions in the petroleum industry is well acknowledged. For decades, numerous researches have been conducted to examine mechanisms of emulsification and demulsification. Untreated emulsion has both technical and commercial implications in the industry, especially in terms of treatment facilities, refining and transportation. Effective treatment is needed to ensure optimum production of hydrocarbons. The present paper is to review reported works on the formation of petroleum emulsions, demulsification treatments, characteristics of fit-for-purpose demulsifiers as well as research trends in emulsion treatment. Crude oils are naturally combined with natural surfactants having high tendency to form stable emulsion. The stable emulsion must be treated well to meet industrial requirements since crudes with a high volume of stable emulsion have a less value. Therefore, fundamental studies on natural surfactants, which contribute to the emulsion stability, are analyzed for the effective separation of emulsions into oil and water. This would involve the assessment of various reported mechanisms for the emulsification and right formulation for effective demulsification.
Insights into Theranostic Properties of Titanium Dioxide for Nanomedicine
Authors: Hasanzadeh Kafshgari Morteza , Goldmann Wolfgang H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures exhibit a broad range of theranostic properties that make them attractive for biomedical applications. TiO2 nanostructures promise to improve current theranostic strategies by leveraging the enhanced quantum confinement, thermal conversion, specific surface area, and surface activity. This review highlights certain important aspects of fabrication strategies, which are employed to generate multifunctional TiO2 nanostructures, while outlining post-fabrication techniques with an emphasis on their suitability for nanomedicine. The biodistribution, toxicity, biocompatibility, cellular adhesion, and endocytosis of these nanostructures, when exposed to biological microenvironments, are examined in regard to their geometry, size, and surface chemistry. The final section focuses on recent biomedical applications of TiO2 nanostructures, specifically evaluating therapeutic delivery, photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy, bioimaging, biosensing, tissue regeneration, as well as chronic wound healing.
Pseudo-elastic cavitation model: part I—finite element analyses on thin silicone adhesives in façades
Authors: Drass M. , Bois P. A. Du , Schneider J. , Kolling S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the structural behavior of adhesive bonds of glass and metal using thin, structural silicones in heavily constrained applications. This special type of connection may lead to triaxial stress conditions under axial loading, which can lead to dilatation failure due to the abrupt growth of cavities (cavitation effect). Cavitation failure leads to significant stress softening and loss of stiffness; however, it increases connection’s ductility. These material deformations should be considered when designing glass-metal connections. Therefore, a constitutive model is developed to account for cavitation in hyperelastic materials. The volumetric component of the model is equipped with a non-linear Helmholtz free energy function that accounts for isotropic void growth under hydrostatic loading. An energy coupling term is then added that numerically explicates strain energy under isochoric deformation, while also guaranteeing physical material behavior. The energy contribution is calculated internally by analysing the geometric evolution of inherent voids. The extended volumetric–isochoric split enables one to numerically calculate heavily constrained silicone joints under arbitrary deformation modes. Three-dimensional finite element calculations on uniaxial tension, bulge, and pancake tests validate the constitutive model. All experiments could be validated with one set of material parameters through numerical simulations. The numerical calculations were robust and efficient without any underlying mesh dependencies.
Evolution of auroral substorm as viewed from MHD simulations: dynamics, energy transfer and energy conversion
Authors: Ebihara Yusuke , Tanaka Takashi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn auroral substorm is a visual manifestation of large-scale, transient disturbances taking place in space surrounding the Earth, and is one of the central issues in the space plasma physics. While a number of studies have been conducted, a unified picture of the overall evolution of the auroral substorm has not been drawn. This paper is aimed to overview the recently obtained results of global magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations in a context of a priori presence of anomalous resistivity leading to magnetic reconnection, and to illuminate what the global MHD simulation can sufficiently reproduce the auroral transients during the auroral substorm. Some auroral transients are found to be seamlessly reproduced by the MHD simulation, including complicated auroral structures moving equatorward during the growth phase, auroral brightening starting to appear near the equatorward border of the preexisting auroral arc, and an auroral surge traveling westward. Possible energy transfer and conversion from the solar wind to the Earth are also overviewed on the basis of the MHD simulation. At least, 4 dynamo regions appear sequentially in the course of the development of the auroral substorm. Although the MHD simulation reproduces some transients, further studies are needed to investigate the role of kinetic processes.
Postcoital Symptoms in a Convenience Sample of Men and Women
Authors: Burri Andrea , Hilpert Peter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionPostcoital dysphoria (PCD) is a condition characterized by inexplicable feelings of tearfulness, sadness, and/or irritability. Previous research has mostly focused on these 3 symptoms, failing to explore other symptoms that can occur after sexual activity.AimThe aim of the present study was to get a more in-depth understanding of postcoital symptom variety, to compare the type and frequency of these symptoms in men and women, and to explore the context in which they manifest.MethodsA convenience sample of 223 women and 76 men filled in an online survey consisting of a list of 21 symptoms and a set of additional questions.Main Outcome MeasureThe study outcomes were obtained using a study-specific questionnaire to assess postcoital symptoms, consisting of a list of 21 symptoms that form 4 domains and 2 additional questions that assess personal and interpersonal distress.ResultsOf all participants, 91.9% reported any postcoital symptom over the past 4 weeks and 94.3% ever since they had been sexually active. The most common symptoms in women were mood swings and sadness, whereas in men, it was unhappiness and low energy. Men and women differed in the frequency of postcoital symptoms experienced ever since being sexually active, with women reporting more sadness, mood swings, frustration, and worthlessness. For 73.5% of individuals, the postcoital symptoms were present after consensual sexual intercourse, for 41.9%, after general sexual activity, and for 46.6% also, after masturbation. Of all participants, 33.9% said that they only experienced the symptoms after orgasm.Clinical ImplicationsPostcoital symptoms are clearly more varied than previously suggested and are not related to classic “dysphoria” only. Hence, we propose to cease calling the phenomenon “postcoital dysphoria” and suggest to simply use the term “postcoital symptoms.”Strength & LimitationsThis is the first study ever to provide a more in-depth exploration of postcoital symptom variety. The sample was relatively small, and the representativeness and, therefore, generalizability of the results was limited, given that a convenience sample was used.ConclusionOur results indicate that postcoital symptoms are a multifaceted phenomenon which shows similar expression in men and women. The symptoms are clearly more varied not related to classic “dysphoria” only.
In Defence of Direct Obligations for Businesses Under International Human Rights Law
Authors: LÓPEZ LATORRE Andrés Felipe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article presents three arguments on why businesses have direct obligations under existing international law. Nevertheless, in the present state of international law, the obligations of businesses are limited and wholly dependent on the state’s further action of implementation and enforcement. To reach this conclusion, the article asserts that businesses have partial legal personality in international law; that legal obligations and the enforcement model must be distinguished as two separate issues; and that human rights are requirements of justice that emanate from the dignity of each human person to any social actor, including businesses and other non-state actors. The article attempts to contribute to the debate about a binding instrument on business and human rights and presents an alternative understanding of international law that can assist domestic tribunals in applying international human rights standards to businesses as they carry out activities in their jurisdictions.
Super-Resolution Imaging Using a Novel High-Fidelity Antibody Reveals Close Association of the Neuronal Sodium Channel NaV1.6 with Ryanodine Receptors in Cardiac Muscle
Authors: Struckman Heather L. , Baine Stephen , Thomas Justin , Mezache Louisa , Mykytyn Kirk , Györke Sándor , Radwański Przemysław B. , Veeraraghavan Rengasayee 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe voltage-gated sodium channel [pore-forming subunit of the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel (NaV1.6)] has recently been found in cardiac myocytes. Emerging studies indicate a role for NaV1.6 in ionic homeostasis as well as arrhythmogenesis. Little is known about the spatial organization of these channels in cardiac muscle, mainly due to the lack of high-fidelity antibodies. Therefore, we developed and rigorously validated a novel rabbit polyclonal NaV1.6 antibody and undertook super-resolution microscopy studies of NaV1.6 localization in cardiac muscle. We developed and validated a novel rabbit polyclonal antibody against a C-terminal epitope on the neuronal sodium channel 1.6 (NaV1.6). Raw sera showed high affinity in immuno-fluorescence studies, which was improved with affinity purification. The antibody was rigorously validated for specificity via multiple approaches. Lastly, we used this antibody in proximity ligation assay (PLA) and super-resolution STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) studies, which revealed enrichment of NaV1.6 in close proximity to ryanodine receptor (RyR2), a key calcium (Ca2+) cycling protein, in cardiac myocytes. In summary, our novel NaV1.6 antibody demonstrates high degrees of specificity and fidelity in multiple preparations. It enabled multimodal microscopic studies and revealed that over half of the NaV1.6 channels in cardiac myocytes are located within 100 nm of ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels.
On the Role of Turbulent Mixing Produced by Vertical Shear Between the Brazil Current and the Intermediate Western Boundary Current
Authors: Lazaneo Cauê Z. , Napolitano Dante C. , da Silveira Ilson C. A. , Tandon Amit , MacDonald Daniel G. , Ávila Rafael A. , Calil Paulo H. R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn intensification of the vertical shear is observed below the surface mixed layer at 21°S due to the mutually opposing flows of the Brazil Current and the Intermediate Western Boundary Current. The propensity to develop turbulence and mixing due to vertical shear over intense stabilizing density gradients is an important characteristic of such environments. For the first time, microscale measurements were made in the Brazil Current‐Intermediate Western Boundary Current system, providing direct quantitative values of the turbulent fluctuations. Peaks of relative strong dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy (O(10
) W/kg) were observed close to the base of the surface mixed layer. On the other hand, prominent peaks of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates of up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than the background were observed at deeper levels, where stratification begins to lose intensity. Analyzing such peaks, caused by intense vertical shear or weak stratification—and sometimes both—, allows a characterization of the local mixing processes and the role played by vertical exchanges of biogeochemical properties. Based on the estimated nitrate gradient and the vertical diffusivity, we show that turbulent mixing driven by vertical shear plays an important role in the supply of nitrate to the upper layer.
Climate Sensitivity of GFDL's CM4.0
Authors: Winton M. , Adcroft A. , Dunne J. P. , Held I. M. , Shevliakova E. , Zhao M. , Guo H. , Hurlin W. , Krasting J. , Knutson T. , Paynter D. , Silvers L. G. , Zhang R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGFDL's new CM4.0 climate model has high transient and equilibrium climate sensitivities near the middle of the upper half of CMIP5 models. The CMIP5 models have been criticized for excessive sensitivity based on observations of present‐day warming and heat uptake and estimates of radiative forcing. An ensemble of historical simulations with CM4.0 produces warming and heat uptake that are consistent with these observations under forcing that is at the middle of the assessed distribution. Energy budget‐based methods for estimating sensitivities based on these quantities underestimate CM4.0's sensitivities when applied to its historical simulations. However, we argue using a simple attribution procedure that CM4.0's warming evolution indicates excessive transient sensitivity to greenhouse gases. This excessive sensitivity is offset prior to recent decades by excessive response to aerosol and land use changes.
Anti-VEGF therapy resistance in ovarian cancer is caused by GM-CSF-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell recruitment
Authors: Horikawa Naoki , Abiko Kaoru , Matsumura Noriomi , Baba Tsukasa , Hamanishi Junzo , Yamaguchi Ken , Murakami Ryusuke , Taki Mana , Ukita Masayo , Hosoe Yuko , Koshiyama Masafumi , Konishi Ikuo , Mandai Masaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanism of resistance development to anti-VEGF therapy in ovarian cancer is unclear. We focused on the changes in tumour immunity post anti-VEGF therapy.MethodsThe frequencies of immune cell populations and hypoxic conditions in the resistant murine tumours and clinical samples were examined. The expression profiles of both the proteins and genes in the resistant tumours were analysed. The impact of granulocyte–monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression on myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) function in the resistant tumours was evaluated.ResultsWe found a marked increase and reduction in the number of Gr-1 + MDSCs and CD8 + lymphocytes in the resistant tumour, and the MDSCs preferentially infiltrated the hypoxic region. Protein array analysis showed upregulation of GM-CSF post anti-VEGF therapy. GM-CSF promoted migration and differentiation of MDSCs, which inhibited the CD8 + lymphocyte proliferation. Anti-GM-CSF therapy improved the anti-VEGF therapy efficacy, which reduced the infiltrating MDSCs and increased CD8 + lymphocytes. In immunohistochemical analysis of clinical samples, GM-CSF expression and MDSC infiltration was enhanced in the bevacizumab-resistant case.ConclusionsThe anti-VEGF therapy induces tumour hypoxia and GM-CSF expression, which recruits MDSCs and inhibits tumour immunity. Targeting the GM-CSF could help overcome the anti-VEGF therapy resistance in ovarian cancers.