bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putting Humpty Together Again: How Reputation Regulation Fails the Charitable Sector
Authors: Phillips Susan D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInvestigations of how Oxfam Great Britain (GB) managed its safeguarding systems and handled revelations of sexual exploitation by its staff highlighted a variety of internal governance and culture issues, and a lack of transparency as it sought to protect its reputation. The current models of reputation management do not fully explain its actions, however. This article argues that five systemic factors in the environment in which nonprofits operate create undue pressures for protection of reputations and contribute to poor assessment of risks, inadequate accountability systems and limited transparency. These factors include: a stress on success and related competition for market share and pressures for growth; expectations of low overheads; challenges of governance and risk management; lack of public awareness; and regulatory gaps. Drawing on media coverage and the commissions of inquiry, the analysis shows how all of these contextual factors were at play in the Oxfam case, and suggests potential reforms.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a Ni(II) coordination polymer with a tripodal 4-imidazolyl-functional ligand
Authors: Kuai Hai-Wei , Zhu Xiao-Hong , Jiang Ding-Yun , Cheng Xiao-Chun , Li Deng-Hao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
1,3,5-Tri(1H-imidazol-4-yl)benzene (H3L) reacts with Ni(ClO4)2 · 6H2O under hydrothermal conditions at T = 100°C to yield a new complex: [Ni(H2L)2] · 5.5H2O (1). The product is characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c and exhibits a binodal (3,6)-connected 2D kgd network structure with (43)2(46.66.83) topology.
A 119Sn Mössbauer-spectroscopic characterization of the diamagnetic birefringence material Sn2B5O9Cl
Authors: Klenner Steffen , Bönnighausen Judith , Guo Jingyu , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The crystal structure of diamagnetic borate chloride Sn2B5O9Cl exhibits two crystallographically independent tin sites which both show pronounced lone-pair activity of the tin atoms. This is reflected in substantial quadrupole splitting in the 119Sn Mössbauer spectrum. The isomer shifts of 3.887(8) and 4.137(7) mm s−1 clearly indicate divalent tin. In agreement with bond valence calculations, the Sn1 atoms have a lower charge and the higher isomer shift, compatible with a higher electron density at the tin nuclei.
Parameter Analysis of CNT Yarns in Smart 3-D Braiding Composites
Authors: Li Peng , Wan Zhenkai 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An important method for making smart three-dimensional (3-D) braiding composites is to use embedded carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn sensors with 3-D braiding technology. According to the braiding structure of 3-D six-direction braiding composites, the mathematical model of carrier movement of braiding machine is constructed. The method for calculating the number and length of embedded CNT yarns with intelligent composites is proposed. The characteristics of resistance changing for CNT yarns under loading are analyzed. Experiments show that the error of the length and actual length of the CNT yarn calculated by the Bezier curve is less than 1 %. When the tensile strain exceeds 2 %, the strain of the embedded CNT yarns begins to appear nonlinear. The loading and unloading of the specimen have some influence on the resistance change of the CNT yarn. After the load is unloaded, the CNT yarn will produce the residual resistance.
Using a Numerical Method for Designing an Asphalt Mix with Specific Aggregate Material Properties
Authors: Mansourkhaki Ali , Aghasi Amir 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Common approaches for designing asphalt mixes mainly deal with the determination of the optimal percentage of the binder content, which is performed according to the volumetric properties, durability index, and strength of the produced asphalt. In this regard, laboratory results of asphalt mix designs, considering the changes in physical properties of the aggregates from production to the distribution of hot mix asphalt, highlight the need for fabrication of cyclic control specimens. The approach presented in this study allows the reduction of human mistakes during samples preparation, easy control of optimum binder content with respect to the probable changes in the aggregate sizes in each step of fabrication, transportation and implementation of the hot asphalt mix, and provide a uniform ultimate surface of the distributed asphalt. By adjusting the numerical values of the factors effective on the optimum binder percentage and constructing some statistical regression models in statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), we obtained a set of linear equations that give the optimum binder percentage as a function of aggregate size, binder absorption, specific gravity of the mix, and specific surface of the materials. According to the results of the SPSS 23 analysis, the optimum binder content of the aggregates from 30 different mines was evaluated with respect to their grain size. Based on the obtained results and Marshall Laboratory test data, we extracted some relations for estimating the optimum binder content for hot mix asphalt. Using this method, the optimal binder content is determined using the results of the sieve analysis of the aggregates without the need for repetitive fabrication of asphalt specimens or spending a long time. Consequently, the optimal binder content for the 0–19-mm binder and 0–13-mm topcoat asphalts was determined with high accuracy.
Detection Limits in Air Quality and Environmental Measurements
Authors: Brisson Michael J. 
Published: November 2019

Description
Get the latest research on detection limits as applied to various fields of environmental measurements.
With a focus on advancing the science of detection capability and understanding its concepts, this publication is a key resource for practitioners and policymakers. The 15 peer-reviewed papers are grouped into four subject areas
This publication is dedicated to Dr. Harry L. Rook, a longtime ASTM member and past chair of ASTM International Committee D22 on Air Quality.
Treatment of Non-Detects Can Lead to Inaccurate Forensic Conclusions
Authors: Edwards Melanie , Pietari Jaana , Cook Linda , Boehm Paul 
Published: November 2019

Collecting samples from a contaminated site, characterizing background, and considering potential sources are integral parts of both traditional site assessments and environmental forensic investigations, yet the objectives of these investigations differ. Whereas traditional site assessments generally aim to characterize the nature and extent of contamination and assess the resultant risks, the goal of forensic investigations is to identify contributing sources of contamination, including influences from local or regional background. Typical methods for handling non-detect (ND) results for site characterization work are less appropriate for forensic investigations because their influence on the forensic analyses and final conclusions is unpredictable. Detection limits (consistency, values, and treatment of) are of particular importance in forensic studies where presence or absence of one contaminant may be the characteristic that distinguishes different sources. Although substitution methods for handling ND results may be appropriate in the context of risk assessment, this approach may obscure the true forensic characteristics of the underlying sources and measured sample compositions if applied in a forensic investigation, ultimately resulting in erroneous conclusions about sources.
Through case studies, we demonstrate how various methods for handling detection limits can change the conclusions drawn from common forensic analyses. The effect of substituting numeric values for NDs on the results of common chemical forensics multivariate analyses is illustrated using simulated data and example soil samples from Colorado and Washington. The analyses discussed demonstrate a variety of impacts on multivariate analyses that stem only from changes in how ND results were included and illustrate the potential for inaccurate conclusions about the true forensic features within the data. Recommendations are provided for how to investigate and identify the impact of NDs on chemical forensic multivariate analyses.
On fractional Langevin equation involving two fractional orders in different intervals
Authors: Baghani Hamid , Nieto J. 
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we study a nonlinear Langevin equation involving two fractional orders α ∈ (0; 1] and β ∈ (1; 2] with initial conditions. By means of an interesting fixed point theorem, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the fractional equations. Some illustrative numerical examples are also discussed.
Mittag-Leffler stability analysis of fractional discrete-time neural networks via fixed point technique
Authors: Wu Guo-Cheng , Abdeljawad Thabet , Liu Jinliang , Baleanu Dumitru , Wu Kai-Teng 
Published: November 2019

A class of semilinear fractional difference equations is introduced in this paper. The fixed point theorem is adopted to find stability conditions for fractional difference equations. The complete solution space is constructed and the contraction mapping is established by use of new equivalent sum equations in form of a discrete Mittag-Leffler function of two parameters. As one of the application, finite-time stability is discussed and compared. Attractivity of fractional difference equations is proved, and Mittag-Leffler stability conditions are provided. Finally, the stability results are applied to fractional discrete-time neural networks with and without delay, which show the fixed point technique’s efficiency and convenience.
On coincidence and common fixed point theorems of eight self-maps satisfying an FM-contraction condition
Authors: Zhou Mi , Liu Xiao-Lan , Secelean Adrian 
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a new type of contraction for several self-mappings of a metric space, called FM-contraction, is introduced. This extends the one presented for a single map by Wardowski [Fixed points of a new type of contractive mappings in complete metric spaces, Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2012:94, 2012]. Coincidence and common fixed point of eight self mappings satisfying FM-contraction conditions are established via common limit range property without exploiting the completeness of the space or the continuity of the involved maps. Coincidence and common fixed point of eight self-maps satisfying FM-contraction conditions via the common property (E.A.) are also studied. Our results generalize, extend and improve the analogous recent results in the literature, and some examples are presented to justify the validity of our main results.
KARAKTERISTIK OSEANOGRAFIS TELUK SENGGRONG BANYUWANGI
Authors: Sukresno Bambang 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik oseanografis teluk Senggrong. Data yang digunakan meliputi suhu permukaan laut, konsentrasi klorofil-a, salinitas dan pH baik musim barat maupun musim timur. Data time series suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a menggunakan data dari satelit Aqua dan Terra dengan sensor Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) tahun 2007 hingga 2018. Data insitu teluk Senggrong diperoleh dari pengukuran langsung yang dilakukan pada bulan April dan bulan September dengan menggunakan water quality checker (WQC). Untuk menampilkan distribusi spasial masing-masing variabel dilakukan interpolasi Krigging. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakteristik oseanografis teluk Senggrong dipengaruhi oleh perubahan musim baik musim barat maupun musim timur. Suhu permukaan laut pada musim barat relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada musim timur. Konsentrasi klorofil-a pada musim barat lebih rendah daripada musim timur. Salinitas pada musim barat lebih rendah dibandingkan pada musim timur, sedangkan pH pada musim barat lebih tinggi daripada musim timur. Pada musim barat teluk Senggrong memiliki suhu permukaan laut antara 28,1 ℃ – 31,6 ℃, konsentrasi klorofil-a sekitar 0,2 mg/m3– 0,5 mg/m3, salinitas sebesar 32 ppm – 33 ppm dan pH berkisar 8,4 – 8,7. Sedangkan pada musim timur suhu permukaan laut berkisar antara 24,9 ℃ – 30,7℃, konsentrasi klorofil-a sebesar 0,1 mg/m3 – 3,5 mg/m3, salinitas antara 34 ppm – 35 ppm dan pH sekitar 7,5 – 8,3.
Al6061 Reinforced Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composite Produced by Double Blade Stir Casting
Authors: Zulfia Anne , Raga Krista , Narottama Wahyuaji , Yunus Salahuddin 
Published: November 2019

Demand for materials with excellent mechanical properties and lightweight increase in a recent year especially for high-performance applications. Aluminum reinforced Al2O3 composite (AMC) provide this superior property. Therefore in this research, aluminum alloy 6061 was used as a matrix and Al2O3 with 10 and 15 Vf-% as a reinforced for making metal matrix composites while magnesium as a wetting agent was used various from 8, 10 to 15 wt-% to improve the wettability between Al and Al2O3 since aluminum was poor wetting with ceramic. Al alloy 6061 was melted at 800 oC and magnesium was added into Al molten, then Al2O3 particles were poured into the melt. The process using double stirrer with a rotational speed of 1000 rpm for 3 minutes to distribute all Al2O3 particles in the Al melt and all the gas bubble formed was removed by flushing an Argon for 2 minutes. The composites produced then characterized both mechanical properties and microstructural analysis. The focus of this research is to investigate the effect of Al2O3 and Mg on the mechanical properties of composites. The result showed that the optimum tensile strength was 202 MPa which was obtained in composite with 10% Vf-% Al2O3 and 10 wt-% Mg. Moreover, hardness and wear resistant to composite increased with the addition of Al2O3 and Mg content due to good wetting in composites with 10 wt-% Mg. The double blade stirrer has contributed to the random distribution of Al2O3 particles in the molten Al. The microstructure observations showed that the composites yield pores and impaired the mechanical properties of composites.
Serum cytokine profile in early and established rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Novikov A. A. , Aleksandrova Е. N. , Lukina G. V. 
Published: November 2019

Background:An important characteristic of immune pathology in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a B-cell tolerance defect, associated with autoantibodies production, and antigen-specific activation of Th-1 CD4+ T lymphocytes with an excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to anti-inflammatory ones. Pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of local inflammatory effects, induce bone destruction and pannus formation, and contribute to the development of autoimmune abnormalities and systemic manifestations. Anti-inflammatory cytokines are able to reduce the rate of joint destruction. There is evidence of the involvement of Th2 cytokines in the development of early RA. These facts suggest the need for a thorough investigation into the balance between the Th1 and Th2 types of immune response at different stages of the disease.Aim:To assess the importance of сytokine profiling in the evaluation of immune abnormalities in RA.Materials and methods:In this descriptive, controlled, retrospective study, we examined 118 patients with RA and 33 healthy donors as a control group. Serum IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured by immunonephelometry; anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies (anti-MCV) were determined by an enzyme immunoassay, cytokines levels with "xMAP" technique.Results:Serum cytokine levels vary depending on RA duration. The cytokine profile in early RA, unlike that in established RA with a duration of more than 6 months, is characterized by higher levels of pro-inflammatory (MIP-1α), Th1 (IFN-γ), and Th17 (IL-17) cytokines, colony-stimulating factors (IL-7, G-CSF), and chemokines (IL-8, IP-10) (p < 0.05 for all parameters). In established RA, the levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, -6, -15, TNF-α), anti-inflammatory (IL-1ra, IL-10, IL-13, IL-5), Th1 (IL-2, IL-12), Th2 (IL-9) cytokines and colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF) correlate with the concentrations of IgM RF and antibodies to citrullinated proteins (antiCCP, anti-MCV) (all p < 0.05). There was also а correlation between CRP and pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), Th1 (IL-12), Th2 (IL-5, IL-9) cytokine levels and between DAS28 and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) and colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels (all p < 0.05).Conclusion:In RA, cytokines, chemokines and colony-stimulating factors mirror the inflammatory activity of the disease. Changes in blood concentrations of cytokines enable to get an insight into the complex interplay of numerous mediators of innate and acquired immunity
Evidence for Large Holocene Earthquakes along the Denali Fault in Southwest Yukon, Canada
Authors: Blais-Stevens AndréE , Clague John J. , Brahney Janice , Lipovsky Panya , Haeussler Peter J. , Menounos Brian 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe Yukon–Alaska Highway corridor in southern Yukon is subject to geohazards ranging from landslides to floods and earthquakes on faults in the St. Elias Mountains and Shakwak Valley. Here we discuss the late Holocene seismic history of the Denali fault, located at the eastern front of the St. Elias Mountains and one of only a few known seismically active terrestrial faults in Canada. Holocene faulting is indicated by scarps and mounds on late Pleistocene drift and by tectonically deformed Pleistocene and Holocene sediments. Previous work on trenches excavated against the fault scarp near the Duke River reveals paleoseismic sediment disturbance dated to ∼300–1,200, 1,200–1,900, and 3,000 years ago. Re-excavation of the trenches indicates a fourth event dated to 6,000 years ago. The trenches are interpreted to show a negative flower structure produced by extension of sediments by dextral strike-slip fault movement. Nearby Crescent Lake is ponded against the fault scarp. Sediment cores reveal four abrupt sediment and diatom changes reflecting seismic shaking at ∼1,200–1,900, 1,900–5,900, 5,900–6,200, and 6,500–6,800 years ago. At the Duke River, the fault offsets sediments, including two White River tephra layers (∼1,900 and 1,200 years old). Late Pleistocene outwash gravel and overlying Holocene aeolian sediments show in cross section a positive flower structure indicative of post-glacial contraction of the sediments by dextral strike-slip movement. Based on the number of events reflecting ∼M6, we estimate the average recurrence of large earthquakes on the Yukon part of the Denali fault to be about 1,300 years in the past 6,500–6,800 years.
Regulations Concerning Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) in Germany—Testing Procedures for Asbestos
Authors: Pierdzig Stefan 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
In Germany, potential asbestos-containing rocks are used as raw materials for a number of engineering applications. These rocks are ultrabasites (dunite, harzburgite), igneous rocks (basalt, gabbro, norite), and metasomatic or metamorphic rocks like talcum, greenschist and amphibolite. Based on the German Gefahrstoffverordung (Hazardous Substances Ordinance), regulatory statutes exist for operations using these rocks and resultant composites and products. The authorities state that in Germany no natural rocks exist with more than 0.1 mass-% of one of the six regulated asbestos minerals. But it is well known that there are rocks with a high modal concentration of these minerals with a non-asbestiform, columnar to prismatic habitus. Under mechanical stress during handling, they can lead to fibrous cleavage fragments, which conform to the World Health Organization (WHO) “respirable asbestos fiber” definition. In view of this fact, the regulations changed in 2009, with revision of the Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances (TRGS) 517: any fibrous asbestos particles, regardless of whether or not they represent naturally occurring asbestos or are of cleavage origin, are evaluated for potential hazards associated with handling of these rocks. If the WHO fiber concentration is &lt;0.1 mass-%, rocks and products can be used and re-used under protective measures. At concentrations &gt;0.1 mass-%, the material is considered hazardous waste. These regulations apply to many industrial sectors that exploit and process rocks, using them in road building and track construction and when they are recycled. Analysis (by scanning electron microscopy, SEM/energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, EDS) to determine the asbestos concentration of rocks, gravels, or dusts is carried out in the &lt;100-µm, grain-size fraction produced by sieving or grinding. The results provide a representation of a worst-case examination of the air quality during mechanical treatment of these materials. Workplace monitoring is done by air sampling to survey an exposure limit of 10,000 fibers/m3 of air (0.01 f/cc).
Comprehensive analysis of codon usage pattern of whole genome in protozoa, Stylonychia lemnae
Authors: wang ying , Yao Lin , Fan Jinfeng , Zhang Xueying , Guo Changhong , Chen Ying 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Codon usage pattern is an important evolutionary feature in genomes widely observed in many organisms. Stylonychia lemnae is a classical model single-celled eukaryote, and a quintessential ciliate typified by dimorphic nuclei: a germline micronucleus and a vegetative macronucleus. Analysis of codon usage pattern of S. lemnae macronucleus genome helps in understanding evolution at molecular level and acquires signiﬁcance in mRNA translation, design of transgenic and new gene discovery. Results: The codons of the macronucleus genome sequence of S. lemnae were analyzed and 20,750 coding sequences (CDS) were screened. The overall codon usage of S. lemnae is similar and slightly biased. The value of effective number of codons (ENC) showed that the overall extent of codon usage bias in S. lemnae is relatively high. Nucleotide analysis showed that the overall codon usage is biased toward A- and U-ending codons. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that ciliate is independent evolutionary origins from a common ancestor. The RSCU analysis showed that the codon usage pattern of S. lemnae is more similar to that of Thtrahymana thermophila and Paramecium caudatum . Correlation analysis, ENC-GC 3S plot, and PR2 plot indicated that the codon usage patterns of S. lemnae are influenced by both mutational pressure and natural selection, neutrality plot analysis showed that those two factors play major roles. C onclusions : Codon usage patterns in eukaryotes are not determined by translational efficiency, but also are determined by the genome. Our study is the ﬁrst attempt to evaluate the codon usage pattern of S.lemnae macronucleus genome to better understand the evolutionary changes. These results built the base for further research on the molecular evolution of S. lemnae .