bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Programming Features Help Alleviate Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation‐Induced Side Effects
Authors: Dayal Viswas , De Roquemaurel Alexis , Grover Timothy , Ferreira Francisca , Salazar Maricel , Milabo Catherine , Candelario‐McKeown Joseph , Zrinzo Ludvic , Akram Harith , Limousin Patricia , Foltynie Thomas 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundSubthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) is a widely used treatment for Parkinsonʼs disease (PD) patients with motor complications, but can result in adverse effects (AEs) in a significant proportion of treated patients. The use of novel programming features including short pulse width (PW) and directional steering in alleviating stimulation‐induced AEs has not been explored.ObjectiveTo determine if programming with short PW, directional steering, or the combination of these novel techniques can improve stimulation‐induced dysarthria, dyskinesia, and pyramidal AEs.MethodsThirty‐two consecutive PD patients who experienced reversible AEs of STN‐DBS had optimization of their settings using either short PW, directional steering, or the combination, while ensuring equivalent control of motor symptoms. Pairwise comparisons of pre‐ and post‐optimization adverse effect ratings were made. Patients were left on the alternative setting with the greatest benefit and followed up at 6 months. Modeling of volume of tissue activated (VTA) and charge per pulse (Qp) calculations were used to explore potential underlying mechanisms of any differences found.ResultsThere were significant improvements in stimulation‐induced dysarthria, dyskinesia, and pyramidal side effects after optimization. At 6 months, mean AE ratings remained significantly improved compared to pre‐optimization ratings. Different patterns of shift in VTA for each AE, and Qp could be used to explain improvements using novel techniques.ConclusionsStimulation‐induced dysarthria, dyskinesia, and pyramidal AEs induced by STN‐DBS can be improved by using novel programming techniques. These represent additional tools to conventional methods that can be used to address these AEs. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Tone injection‐based cancellation technique for nonlinear distortion reduction of modulated signals in BAW resonators
Authors: González‐Rodríguez Marta , Collado Carlos , González‐Arbesú José M. , Mateu Jordi , Montoro Gabriel , Gilabert Pere Lluis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA technique for the reduction of third‐order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) occurring in bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filters and multiplexers is presented. The method consists of using the intrinsic second‐order intermodulation distortion generated by BAW filters and multiplexers themselves by injecting an externally controlled amplitude and phase modulated signal at low frequency to compensate for the IMD3. The proposed technique has been experimentally verified by performing IMD3 measurements in a single BAW resonator subject to several modulated signals under a nonlinear scenario.
Optimization of multibeam klystron double gap cavities loaded by metal rods
Authors: Muchkaev V. Yu. , Tsarev V. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the results of numerical investigation of a metal photonic band gap cavity are presented. The investigated resonator is dual‐gap and is considered as an intermediate for the K‐band multibeam klystron. A working mode is a 2n mode with a frequency of 24.15 GHz. Electrodynamic characteristics of the cavity (characteristic impendance, beam coupling factor, relative electronic conductivity, Q‐factor) were calculated and the conditions for achieving the maximum effciency are found. Based on the obtained data, the required number of gaps in the output cavity was estimated, as well as the power and efficiency of the multibeam klystron with this type of cavities, depending on the microperveance of the electron beam.
Directional passive intermodulation effect by distributed nonlinearities in two‐port network
Authors: Chen Xiong , Wang Ling , Yu Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work demonstrated the directional passive intermodulation (PIM) product distribution effect in a microwave two‐port network using a distributed nonlinear model. The analysis is demonstrated through the comparison of PIM products at the double ends of a general two‐port network by a microstrip line. The reverse and forward PIM products are compared with the nonlinear source distribution and carrier frequency, the model and experiment demonstrates that the directional PIM effect (the difference by reverse and forward PIM) is caused by the PIM accumulation effect from multiple nonlinear sources, what is more, the frequency dependent phase relation can be one reason for the frequency dependent PIM product on wideband transmission line.
Technical Note: Cumulative dose modeling for organ motion management in MRI‐guided radiation therapy
Authors: Mirzapour Seyed Ali , Mazur Thomas R. , Harold Li H. , Salari Ehsan , Sharp Gregory C. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo develop a method for continuous online dose accumulation during irradiation in MRI‐guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) and to demonstrate its application in evaluating the impact of internal organ motion on cumulative dose.MethodsAn intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plan is partitioned into its unique apertures. Dose for each planned aperture is calculated using Monte Carlo dose simulation on each phase of a four‐dimensional computed tomography (4D‐CT) dataset. Deformable image registration is then performed both (a) between each frame of a cine‐MRI acquisition obtained during treatment and a reference frame, and (b) between each volume of the 4D‐CT phases and a reference phase. These registrations are used to associate each cine image with a 4D‐CT phase. Additionally, for each 4D‐CT phase, the deformation vector field (DVF) is used to warp the pre‐calculated dose volumes per aperture onto the reference CT dataset. To estimate the dose volume delivered during each frame of the cine‐MRI acquisition, we retrieve the pre‐calculated warped dose volume for the delivered aperture on the associated 4D‐CT phase and adjust it by a rigid translation to account for baseline drift and instances where motion on the cine image exceeds the amplitude observed between 4D‐CT phases.ResultsThe proposed dose accumulation method is retrospectively applied to a liver cancer case previously treated on an MRgRT platform. Cumulative dose estimated for free‐breathing and respiration‐gated delivery is compared against dose calculated on static anatomy. In this sample case, the target minimum dose and varied by as much as 5% and 7%, respectively.ConclusionWe demonstrate a technique suitable for continuous online dose accumulation during MRgRT. In contrast to other approaches, dose is pre‐calculated per aperture and phase and then retrieved based on a mapping scheme between cine MRI and 4D‐CT datasets, aiming at reducing the computational burden for potential real‐time applications.
Conservative management of acute lower limb tendinopathies: A systematic review
Authors: Mitham Kieran , Mallows Adrian , Debenham James , Seneviratne Gayathri , Malliaras Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost knowledge regarding conservative management for lower limb tendinopathy (LLT) is for persistent symptoms, with less known about conservative management of acute LLT. Sub‐optimal management of acute LLT is detrimental in many regards, not least the likely conversion to persistent symptoms.ObjectivesTo synthesise existing literature on conservative management of acute LLTs.DesignSystematic review of relevant literature (PROSPERO [ID: CRD42018117882]).MethodA search was made of multiple databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE) using relevant search terms. Titles, abstracts and then full texts were filtered to find articles that met the strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. Searching, data extraction and quality assessment, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, were done independently by two authors. To understand how the interventions impacted the duration of reported symptoms, results were split into three time points: short‐term (<4 weeks), medium‐term (4–12 weeks) and long‐term (>12 weeks).ResultsThirteen studies (n = 534) met the criteria for inclusion. There was very low level of certainty for the effectiveness of interventions at short‐term, medium‐term and long‐term follow ups. However, there were large effects seen across a number of different treatments on pain intensity and disability in LLTs.ConclusionsThis review demonstrates that limited evidence currently exists to guide the management of acute LLT, and the quality of the existing evidence is collectively low. These findings inform the discussion of different treatment options with patients in a shared decision‐making process to empower and enable the patient.
Understanding Life History Diversity of a Wild Steelhead Population and Managing for Resiliency
Authors: Dobos Marika E. , Bowersox Brett J. , Copeland Timothy , Stark Eric J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Diversity in steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) is often characterized by varying time spent in freshwater and saltwater environments. However, ontogenetic shifts are not often highlighted as an important diversity characteristic in salmonids. Larger water bodies can play a key role in population stability by buffering limited resources in smaller tributary systems. Based on freshwater and saltwater ages of adult steelhead in Fish Creek, Idaho, there were 12 different life history trajectories observed. Juvenile abundance varied from 12,083 (SE = 1,225.7) to 62,463 (SE = 1,753.8), with ages ranging from young of the year (age 0) to 4 years. Adult abundance fluctuated from 17 (SE &lt; 0.1) to 499 (SE = 67.1), and total age of adults varied from 3 to 7 years. Diversity was most evident in juvenile movement and rearing strategies. We observed four types of movement and rearing pathways in which juveniles either directly migrated to the ocean from Fish Creek or resided for up to three winters in main-stem river habitat in the Clearwater River basin prior to ocean migration. Most juveniles emigrated in the fall at age 2, and most ocean-emigrating smolts were age 3. Subsequently, most juveniles resided for at least one additional winter period before ocean migration. Juvenile diversity was also reflected in adult ages; the mean proportion that spent 3 years in freshwater was 0.55 (SE = 0.03), and the mean proportion that spent 2 years in freshwater was 0.41 (SE = 0.03). Adult sex ratio was female biased (mean ± SE = 0.66 ± 0.02), with a higher proportion of females (0.89 ± 0.03) than males (0.65 ± 0.05) residing in the ocean for at least 2 years. Density-dependent mechanisms were evident in juvenile rearing habitat in Fish Creek for cohorts of high female abundance. Population productivity potentials can be met when tributary and main-stem rearing habitat can be utilized, and this will be essential in attaining recovery goals.
A strong form based moving Kriging collocation method for the numerical solution of partial differential equations with mixed boundary conditions
Authors: Bott Felix S. , Gee Michael W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, a novel mesh‐free, moving Kriging (MK) based collocation scheme for the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) is introduced. In contrast to methods that are based on a Galerkin weak form of the governing PDEs, the MK collocation (MKC) approach, which is strong form based, is truly mesh‐free in the sense that no background mesh is required for numerical integration. In fact, the presented approach does not require the evaluation of any integrals. Since the approximation function in the MK framework can be conditioned on point value‐ as well as derivative‐information, the pointwise exact imposition of essential as well as natural boundary conditions is rendered straightforward. By incorporating an explicit linear basis into the MK framework, the first‐order consistency condition is fulfilled, and thus rigid body motions are captured accurately. Moreover, Kriging functions may be conceived that comply with constraints on higher order derivatives such as the PDE at hand at certain locations. This possibility proves useful in improving the solution accuracy in the vicinity of Dirichlet boundaries. This article provides a study of the method's characteristics by means of 2D linear elasticity examples. It concludes with a suggestion on how to apply MKC to nonlinear PDEs.
One Stop Shops for Public Services: Evidence from Citizen Service Centers in Brazil
Authors: Fredriksson Anders 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCitizen Service Centers are government offices where different authorities are co‐located and where several public services are offered in the same physical location. The goal of implementing such One Stop Shops for public services is to solve problems with a malfunctioning government bureaucracy for frontline service delivery. In spite of reforms in at least 70 countries, however, there are few evaluations. This paper evaluates the impact of Poupatempo (“Savetime”), a Brazilian Citizen Service Center reform that has inspired similar programs in other countries. We collect data on one of the most common errands at the Brazilian bureaucracy, driver's license renewal, and evaluate the impact of Poupatempo on the time, number of trips, and payments needed to undertake the renewal, and on other variables representing transaction costs, red tape, and transparency in the citizen‐state interaction. Our difference‐in‐differences estimates indicate large reductions in the time expended by citizens and in proxies for transaction costs, but are less encouraging for the social quality of the licensing procedure, which we also evaluate. We discuss whether incentives to speed up processes prevailed where other steering instruments would have been more appropriate, and explore remedies. We also discuss limitations to establishing a true One Stop Shop.
Aerodigestive adverse effects during intravenous pentamidine infusion for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis
Authors: Savaşan Süreyya , George Amy , Sokolowski Catherine , McGraw Bettina Joi , Rademacher Hillary 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAerodigestive adverse effects (AD‐AE) during intravenous pentamidine (IV‐P) infusion for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis are uncommon in retrospective chart review studies. We conducted a survey in patients on IV‐P, which included 31 specific questions. Twenty‐five patients were included in the analysis; AD‐AE were observed in 22 (88%) with recurrence of symptoms in 88% participants with subsequent infusions. Five leading symptoms were congestion (48%), lip tingling (32%), nausea (28%), tongue tingling (24%), vomiting, and throat swelling (17%); multiple symptoms were reported in 72% of the patients. In conclusion, AD‐AE of IV‐P infusion are common, self‐limited, and tend to be recurrent.
Optimization of waste quail eggshells as biocomposites for polyaniline in ammonia gas detection
Authors: Mohd Norsham Izyan Najwa , Baharin Siti Nor Atika , Raoov Muggundha , Shahabuddin Syed , Jakmunee Jaroon , Sambasevam Kavirajaa Pandian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA simple, cost‐effective, and novel chemical sensor for ammonia (NH3) gas detection was developed from polyaniline (PANI)/quail eggshell (QES) composites. QES is a natural waste enriched in calcium carbonate. In this work, pure PANI was synthesized from chemical oxidation method and PANI/QES composites were prepared from physical mixing of QES with the synthesized PANI at different mass ratio. A series of complementary techniques including Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet‐visible spectrometers, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive detection coupled with mapping, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray diffractometer were used to characterize the physicochemical and textural properties of the biocomposites. From the results, PANI/QES composite with a mass ratio of 1 exhibited the lowest NH3 detection limit of 5.24 ppm with a linear correlation coefficient (R2) of close to unity (0.9932) between the signal and NH3 gas concentration. As a whole, the PANI/QES biocomposites synthesized from this work exhibited excellent selectivity toward NH3 gas even in the presence of other gas impurities, such as acetone, ethanol, and hexane. For the sensor reusability, the PANI/QES biocomposites can be reused in the application of NH3 gas detection for at least 4 cycles.
Poly(carbyne)s via reductive C1 polymerization
Authors: Cahoon Collin R , Goossens Karel , Bielawski Christopher W 
Published: September 2020

AbstractC1 polymerizations enable the synthesis of densely functionalized, persubstituted polymers that are challenging to access using conventional methods. One class of C1 polymers are the poly(carbyne)s, which are unique in that they can adopt branched or linear structures, or combinations thereof. Herein, we report the synthesis of new poly(carbyne)s, including those that feature side chains with carbonyl‐containing functional groups. The polymers were obtained by exposing solutions of monomers outfitted with trihalomethyl or trimethyl orthoformate groups to metallic lithium, and reaction performance was improved when electron transfer agents (e.g. naphthalene) were included. The mechanisms of the polymerizations were also deconvoluted and found to depend on the monomer employed.
Vigorous Aerobic Exercise in the Management of Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Albillos‐Almaraz Laura , López‐Aguado Ismael , Crespo Irene , del Valle Miguel , Olmedillas Hugo 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo summarize the findings from studies examining the effects of vigorous‐intensity aerobic exercise in the management of Parkinson disease.TypeSystematic review.Literature SurveyPubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SPORTDiscus, and ScienceDirect databases were searched up to May 2020. Reference lists of the included articles were also searched for additional studies. Searches were restricted to English language.MethodologySeven papers, including six studies, five randomized controlled trials and one controlled trial, were identified. The studies examined the effects of vigorous‐intensity aerobic exercise in participants with Parkinson disease. Studies in which the minimal intensity required was ≥77% of maximum heart rate, 60% of heart rate reserve or 64% of maximal oxygen uptake met the inclusion criteria. Method appraisal showed a mean score of 5.3 in the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale.SynthesisNo statistically significant differences were found between vigorous‐intensity aerobic exercise and moderate/low‐intensity aerobic exercise for the main outcomes (disease severity and motor function). Only one study concluded a significant higher aerobic fitness in favor of the group that exercised at vigorous intensity compared to the moderate intensity group.ConclusionsVigorous‐intensity aerobic exercise has not shown statistically significant improvements in motor and nonmotor impairments in individuals with Parkinson disease as compared to moderate/low‐intensity aerobic exercise. Hence, the current evidence is too limited to allow recommendations for clinical practice.
Highly sensitive, stretchable and durable strain sensors based on conductive double‐network polymer hydrogels
Authors: Pan Kaiqi , Peng Shuhua , Chu Yingying , Liang Kang , Wang Chun H. , Wu Shuying , Xu Jiangtao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrogel‐based strain sensors have been attracting immense attention for wearable electronic devices owing to their intrinsic soft characteristics and flexibility. However, developing hydrogel sensors with hightensile strength, stretchability, and strain sensitivity remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a technique to synthesize highly sensitive hydrogel‐based strain sensors by integrating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with a double‐network (DN) polymer hydrogel matrix comprising of a physically cross‐linked agar network and a covalently cross‐linked polyacrylamide (PAAm) network. The resultant nanocomposite sensors display superior piezoresistive sensitivity with a hightrue gauge factor (GFT = 1.78) at an ultrahigh strain of 1,000%, a fast response time and linear correlation of ln(R/R0) and ln(L/L0) up to 1,000% strain. Most significantly, these sensors possess highmechanical strength (~0.6 MPa) and superb durability (>1,000 cycles at strain of 100%), stemming from the effective energy dissipation mechanism of the first agar network acting as sacrificial bonds and the CNFs serving as dynamic nanofillers. The combination of highstrain sensitivity and ultrahigh stretchability of hydrogel sensors makes it possible to sense both small mechanical deformations induced by human motions and large strain up to 1,000%.
Using post‐incident behavioral analysis techniques to complement incident investigations
Authors: McDonald Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe hours and days following an incident represent a very critical time to gather important information about the event. Post‐incident investigations are usually accompanied by root cause analyses to determine what led to the incident and to develop corrective actions to reduce the likelihood that the incident will occur again. Often, little thought may be given to the human factors aspect of the incident in terms of correcting the human behavior associated with the incident. As process safety professionals, we work to provide sound engineering solutions that usually involve replacing the human element with an automated system. In many situations, it may not be possible to completely eliminate the human factor component of the front‐line workers that resulted in the incident, but it may be possible to reduce the frequency of human error on future incidents by engaging the front‐line workers in post‐incident discussions that are rooted in behavior‐based safety. This paper describes the tools and techniques that we have developed to effectively facilitate post‐incident behavior‐based discussions. The target of these discussions is identifying how human error plays a key role in the incident and how behavior influences decision‐making during an incident.