bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehospital management of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Eckle V.-S. , Lehmann S. , Drexler B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
In case of suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), international guidelines recommend to obtain a 12-lead ECG as soon as possible after first medical contact, to administrate platelet aggregation inhibitors and antithrombins, and to transfer the patient as quickly as possible to an emergency department.

Methods
A German emergency care service database was retrospectively analysed from 2014 to 2016. Data were tested for normal distribution and the Mann–Whitney test was used for statistical analysis. Results are presented as medians (IQR).

Results
A total of 1424 patients with suspected ACS were included in the present analysis. A 12-lead ECG was documented in 96% of patients (n = 1369). The prehospital incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was 18% (n = 250). In 981 patients (69%), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), unfractionated heparin (UFH), or ASA and UFH was given. Time in prehospital care differed significantly between non-STEMI (NSTEMI) ACS (37 [IQR 30, 44] min) and STEMI patients (33 [IQR 26, 40] min, n = 1395, p < 0.0001). Most of NSTEMI ACS and STEMI patients were brought to the emergency care unit, while 30% of STEMI patients were directly handed over to a cardiac catheterization laboratory.

Conclusions
Prehospital ECG helps to identify patients with STEMI, which occurs in 18% of suspected ACS. Patients without ST-elevations suffered from longer prehospital care times. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that ST-elevations in patients prompt prehospital medical teams to act more efficiently while the absence of ST-elevations even in patients with suspected ACS might cause unintended delays. Moreover, this analysis suggests the need for further efforts to make the cardiac catheterization laboratory the standard hand-over location for all STEMI patients.
Genomic analysis of Caldalkalibacillus thermarum TA2.A1 reveals aerobic alkaliphilic metabolism and evolutionary hallmarks linking alkaliphilic bacteria and plant life
Authors: de Jong Samuel I. , van den Broek Marcel A. , Merkel Alexander Y. , de la Torre Cortes Pilar , Kalamorz Falk , Cook Gregory M. , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , McMillan Duncan G. G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aerobic thermoalkaliphile Caldalkalibacillus thermarum strain TA2.A1 is a member of a separate order of alkaliphilic bacteria closely related to the Bacillales order. Efforts to relate the genomic information of this evolutionary ancient organism to environmental adaptation have been thwarted by the inability to construct a complete genome. The existing draft genome is highly fragmented due to repetitive regions, and gaps between and over repetitive regions were unbridgeable. To address this, Oxford Nanopore Technology’s MinION allowed us to span these repeats through long reads, with over 6000-fold coverage. This resulted in a single 3.34 Mb circular chromosome. The profile of transporters and central metabolism gives insight into why the organism prefers glutamate over sucrose as carbon source. We propose that the deamination of glutamate allows alkalization of the immediate environment, an excellent example of how an extremophile modulates environmental conditions to suit its own requirements. Curiously, plant-like hallmark electron transfer enzymes and transporters are found throughout the genome, such as a cytochrome b6c1 complex and a CO2-concentrating transporter. In addition, multiple self-splicing group II intron-encoded proteins closely aligning to those of a telomerase reverse transcriptase in Arabidopsis thaliana were revealed. Collectively, these features suggest an evolutionary relationship to plant life.
Social interactions change with season and age in Northern Bald Ibis
Authors: Puehringer-Sturmayr Verena , Stiefel Tanja , Kotrschal Kurt , Kleindorfer Sonia , Frigerio Didone 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the association between an individual’s position within a social network and its sex and age across seasons can be useful information for conservation management. For example, identifying the social position of females within a group can provide insights into reproductive potential, while the position of juveniles may be related to survival and hence recruitment potential. In the present study, we used social network analysis to investigate the effects of season, sex, age and reproductive partner on social interactions in the endangered Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita). Via focal sampling we recorded the social behaviour of 39 individually marked, free-flying birds for 4 months over two seasons (autumn, winter). We observed the occurrence of affiliative and agonistic interactions and estimated proximity between colony members. We found that (1) individuals were in proximity with more colony members in winter than in autumn, and affiliative interactions occurred more often in winter, (2) older individuals occupied more central positions in the proximity network irrespective of sex, (3) males engaged more than females in agonistic interactions, whereas females received more affiliative interactions than males irrespective of age, and (4) most affiliative interactions occurred between former or potentially prospective reproductive partners. Our findings suggest that social relationships could modulate inter-individual distance and there may be sex-related differences in the investment into pair bond maintenance. Overall the findings of sex- and age-related differences in behaviour and social position contribute to understanding factors associated with breeding success and mortality risk in an endangered bird species.
Kann die Saatgutbehandlung mit dem Safener Cyprosulfamid die Verträglichkeit von Isoxaflutole in Mais steigern, die Unkrautbekämpfung verbessern und die Wirkstoffmenge verringern?
Authors: Gerhards Roland , Santel Hans-Joachim 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungHerbizide Wirkstoffe werden in kommerziellen Produkten manchmal mit Safenern kombiniert, um die Verträglichkeit des Herbizids für die Kulturpflanze zu gewährleisten. Dabei regen Safener meist die Metabolisierung von Herbiziden in der Kulturpflanze an. Das Herbizid Isoxaflutole (IFT) wird in Mais mit dem Safener Cyprosulfamid (CSA) als Co-Formulierung angewendet. In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob CSA auch zeitlich getrennt von IFT als Saatgutbehandlung den Mais vor Herbizidschäden durch IFT schützen kann und ob die Unkrautbekämpfung in diesem Fall höher ist als bei der Co-Formulierung, weil die Unkräuter durch die Saatbehandlung nicht mit CSA in Kontakt kommen.Es wurden von 2016–2018 insgesamt fünf Topfversuche als randomisierte, vollständige Blockanlage mit 15 Wiederholungen durchgeführt. Dabei wurde IFT ohne CSA, mit CSA als Co-Formulierung und mit CSA-Beize in der einfachen und doppelten Feldaufwandmenge im 2‑Blatt-Stadium von Mais appliziert und 28 Tage nach der Applikation die Herbizidschäden an Mais und Unkräutern bonitiert und die Sprosslänge und Trockenmasse der Maisstängel gemessen.In allen Versuchen reagierte Mais sensibel mit Bleichungen an den Blättern auf IFT mit bis zu 62 % Schäden. Die Kombination von IFT und CSA reduzierte den vom Herbizid verursachten Schaden signifikant. Die schützende Wirkung von CSA war stärker, wenn der Safener simultan mit dem Herbzid gespritzt wurde (5–10 % Schaden) als bei Beizanwendung (15–25 % Schaden). Im Mittel aller Versuche war die Sprosslänge des mit der der Co-Formulierung von IFT und CSA behandelten Maises auf dem Niveau der unbehandelten Kontrolle und höher als in den IFT-Behandlungen. Die Beizvariante mit 100 g/ha IFT zeigte die längsten Sprosse. Der Safener konnte die herbizidbedingte Reduktion der Trockenmassebildung nur teilweise verhindern. Die Behandlungen mit IFT ohne Zusatz des Safeners zeigten die niedrigsten Sprossmassen der Maisstängel. Die Bekämpfung von Amaranthus retroflexus, Echinochloa crus-galli und Setaria viridis gelang in allen Behandlungen zu 100 %. Nur gegen Stellaria media war die Bekämpfung ohne Safener besser als mit CSA-Beize (92 % Bekämpfungsrate) und Co-Formulierung (79 %).Mit der Saatgutbeizung können ca. 80 % des Safeners gegenüber der Co-Formulierung eingespart werden.
Expertise development in volumetric image interpretation of radiology residents: what do longitudinal scroll data reveal?
Authors: van Montfort Dorien , Kok Ellen , Vincken Koen , van der Schaaf Marieke , van der Gijp Anouk , Ravesloot Cécile , Rutgers Dirk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current study used theories on expertise development (the holistic model of image perception and the information reduction hypothesis) as a starting point to identify and explore potentially relevant process measures to monitor and evaluate expertise development in radiology residency training. It is the first to examine expertise development in volumetric image interpretation (i.e., CT scans) within radiology residents using scroll data collected longitudinally over five years of residency training. Consistent with the holistic model of image perception, the percentage of time spent on full runs, i.e. scrolling through more than 50% of the CT-scan slices (global search), decreased within residents over residency training years. Furthermore, the percentage of time spent on question-relevant areas in the CT scans increased within residents over residency training years, consistent with the information reduction hypothesis. Second, we examined if scroll patterns can predict diagnostic accuracy. The percentage of time spent on full runs and the percentage of time spent on question-relevant areas did not predict diagnostic accuracy. Thus, although scroll patterns over training years are consistent with visual expertise theories, they could not be used as predictors of diagnostic accuracy in the current study. Therefore, the relation between scroll patterns and performance needs to be further examined, before process measures can be used to monitor and evaluate expertise development in radiology residency training.
Vascular Events, Vascular Disease and Vascular Risk Factors—Strongly Intertwined with COVID-19
Authors: Scutelnic Adrian , Heldner Mirjam R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose of reviewTo elucidate the intertwining of vascular events, vascular disease and vascular risk factors and COVID-19.Recent findingsStrokes are a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Vascular risk factors are important drivers of strokes. There are unmodifiable vascular risk factors such as age and ethnicity and modifiable vascular risk factors. According to the INTERSTROKE study, the 10 most frequent modifiable vascular risk factors are arterial hypertension, physical inactivity, overweight, dyslipidaemia, smoking, unhealthy diet, cardiac pathologies, diabetes mellitus, stress/depression and overconsumption of alcohol. Also, infection and inflammation have been shown to increase the risk of stroke. There is high-quality evidence for the clinical benefits of optimal primary and secondary stroke prevention. The COVID-19 pandemic brought a new perspective to this field. Vascular events, vascular disease and vascular risk factors—and COVID-19—are strongly intertwined. An increased risk of vascular events—by multifactorial mechanisms—has been observed in COVID-19 patients. Also, a higher rate of infection with COVID-19, severe COVID-19 and bad outcome has been demonstrated in patients with pre-existing vascular disease and vascular risk factors.SummaryAt present, we suggest that regular interactions between healthcare professionals and patients should include education on COVID-19 and on primary and secondary vascular prevention in order to reduce the burden of disease in our ageing populations.
An improved simulated annealing algorithm based on residual network for permutation flow shop scheduling
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Cuiyu , Gao Liang , Song Yiguo , Li Xinyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe permutation flow shop scheduling problem (PFSP), which is one of the most important scheduling types, is widespread in the modern industries. With the increase of scheduling scale, the difficulty and computation time of solving the problem will increase exponentially. Adding the knowledge to intelligent algorithms is a good way to solve the complex and difficult scheduling problems in reasonable time. To deal with the complex PFSPs, this paper proposes an improved simulated annealing (SA) algorithm based on residual network (SARes). First, this paper defines the neighborhood of the PFSP and divides its key blocks. Second, the Residual Network (ResNet) is used to extract and train the features of key blocks. And, the trained parameters are stored in the SA algorithm to improve its performance. Afterwards, some key operators, including the initial temperature setting and temperature attenuation function of SA algorithm, are also modified. After every new solution is generated, the parameters trained by the ResNet are used for fast ergodic search until the local optimal solution found in the current neighborhood. Finally, the most famous benchmarks including part of TA benchmark are selected to verify the performance of the proposed SARes algorithm, and the comparisons with the-state-of-art methods are also conducted. The experimental results show that the proposed method has achieved good results by comparing with other algorithms. This paper also conducts experiments on network structure design, algorithm parameter selection, CPU time and other problems, and verifies the advantages of SARes algorithm from the aspects of stability and efficiency.
Right Atrial Thrombus in Transient in a COVID-19 Patient: Clinical Echocardiographic Features—Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Abool Maaly Cheikh A. , Al Suwaidi Jassim , Khatib Mohamad Yahya , Alzaeem Hakam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA 54-year-old male is admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia and received prophylactic anticoagulation. On day 8, the patient rapidly deteriorated requiring urgent endotracheal intubation. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed large right atrial thrombus in transient, resulting in pulmonary embolism and severe RV failure; fibrinolytic therapy was not effective and the patient passed away.
Z-domain modeling of peak current mode control for full-bridge DC-DC buck converters
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Huang Qisong , Zhang Bo , Chen Di , Guan Quanxue 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTraditional local-averaged state-space modeling for peak current mode (PCM) controls fails to explain the subharmonic oscillation phenomenon when the spectrum is higher than half of the switching frequency. To address this problem, this paper presents a small-signal modeling method in the z-domain, and builds a discrete linear model for the current loop of a full-bridge DC-DC converter. This discrete model is converted into a second-order continuous model that is able to represent the system performance with a wider frequency range. A frequency-domain analysis shows that this model can be used to explain the subharmonic oscillations and unstable characteristics. This provides an engineering guideline for the practical design of slope compensation. The effectiveness of the proposed modeling method has been verified by simulation and experimental results with a prototype working in the Buck mode.
Outcomes of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia and unsuccessful cytogenetic analysis undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Nampoothiri Ram Vasudevan , Chen Shiyi , Pasic Ivan , Al-Shaibani Zeyad , Lam Wilson , Michelis Fotios V. , Kim Dennis (Dong Hwan) , Viswabandya Auro , Gerbitz Armin , Lipton Jeffrey Howard , Kumar Rajat , Mattsson Jonas , Law Arjun Datt 
Published: October 2020

Objective/Background:
Unsuccessful cytogenetic (US) analysis at baseline has been reported to be a poor prognostic feature in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We conducted this study to examine the prognostic impact of UC/inconclusive cytogenetic analysis on outcomes in patients with AML undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo HSCT).

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed all adults undergoing Allo HSCT for AML from January 2011 to August 2019. Patients with any documented cytogenetic abnormalities were excluded. Baseline characteristics and transplant outcomes were compared between patients with normal cytogenetics and those with UC.

Results:
Overall, 243 AML patients (median age, 55 years; 55.1% female) were included. UC were reported in 79 patients, whereas 164 patients had a normal karyotype. The two groups were similar to each other in terms of baseline demographics, treatment received, and transplant related variables. There was no difference between patients with UC and normal cytogenetics in terms of relapse-free survival (66 months vs. 42 months, p = .53) or overall survival (OS; 77 months vs. 76 months, p = .72). Survival parameters remained similar even in subgroup analysis based on NPM1 and FLT3 mutation status. Significant predictors of OS after Allo HSCT in AML patients with UC were increased age at time of Allo HSCT (hazard ratio [HR] = −1.049; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005–1.095), favorable (NPM1Mut/FLT3wt) mutation profile (HR = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.01–0.84), neutrophil engraftment < 17 days, and absence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (HR = 3.27; 95% CI, 1.20–8.60).

Conclusion:
Outcomes after Allo HSCT are comparable between AML patients with UC analysis and patients with normal cytogenetics even after stratification based on molecular risk factors. Allogeneic Allo HSCT may mitigate the poor prognosis of UC analysis in patients with AML.
SWAPO’s Struggle Children and Exile Home-Making: the Refugee Biography of Mawazo Nakadhilu
Authors: Williams Christian A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:Mawazo Nakadhilu is a former refugee born to a Namibian father and a Tanzanian mother near Kongwa, Tanzania, in 1972. Her biography illuminates how people have made homes in Southern African exile and post-exile contexts. Williams traces Mawazo’s story from her Tanzanian childhood through her forced removal to SWAPO’s Nyango camp to her “repatriation” to Namibia. In so doing, he highlights tensions that have not previously been addressed between exiled liberation movements and their members over family situations. Moreover, he stresses the value of biographical work focused on aspects of refugees’ lives that tend to be overlooked in nationalist discourse.
Refugees, Identity, and the Limits to Inclusion: Revisiting Landlord-Stranger Reciprocity Relations in Contemporary Liberia
Authors: Bedert Maarten 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:Refugees in sub-Saharan Africa residing among host communities experience the need to articulate belonging in order to generate a greater sense of security. Based on the individual life stories of Ivorian refugees in Northeastern Liberia in 2011, Bedert finds that local patterns of integration between landlords and strangers are foregone by the bureaucratic identity of refugees as imposed by the international community. In addition, local integration is not self-evident, as it entails a degree of reciprocity and mutual recognition. In the eyes of landlords, strangers are evaluated based on what they can bring to the table.
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among Swiss hospital workers: Results of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kohler Philipp P. , Kahlert Christian R. , Sumer Johannes , Flury Domenica , Güsewell Sabine , Leal-Neto Onicio B. , Notter Julia , Albrich Werner C. , Babouee Flury Baharak , McGeer Allison , Kuster Stefan , Risch Lorenz , Schlegel Matthias , Vernazza Pietro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this prospective cohort of 1,012 Swiss hospital employees, 3 different assays were used to screen serum for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Seropositivity was 1%; the positive predictive values of the lateral-flow immunoassay were 64% (IgG) and 13% (IgM). History of fever and myalgia most effectively differentiated seropositive and seronegative participants.
Understanding the distribution of positiveLegionellasamples in healthcare-premise water systems: Using statistical analysis to determine a distribution forLegionellaand to support sample size recommendations
Authors: Nagy Dylan J. , Dziewulski David M. , Codru Neculai , Lauper Ursula L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:To significantly fit a statistical distribution to the proportion of positiveLegionellasamples in a series of water samples from multiple facility-premise water systems.Design:Statistical fit test.Setting:A hospital and associated long-term care facility (LTCF) in New York State, as well as temporal and culture data from a deidentified hospital site supplied by one of the vendor laboratories.Methods:Culture samples (n = 1,393) were segmented into 139 test cycles with roughly 10 samples in each. The proportion of positive samples was standardized to 25 total samples per test to give a distribution of discrete values. These values were analyzed for fit with the following discrete distributions: Poisson, negative binomial, geometric, and zero-inflated Poisson.Results:The zero-inflated Poisson distribution fitted to the copper–silver ionization (CSI)-treated and untreated test cycles indicates that 88% of the expected positive proportions should occur by the 30% cutoff (rounded up to 8 positive samples among 25 total samples), similar to the 93% expectation for just CSI-treated test cycles. The other treatment in these data (chlorine dioxide) was not effective in treatingLegionellain the sampled buildings, and if there is an underlying distribution to these specific test cycles, it is not the zero-inflated Poisson distribution.Conclusions:In a well-maintained or well-treated premise water distribution system, ~30% or lower proportion of positiveLegionellasamples should occur. Anything above that cutoff is either very unlikely or not expected at all and indicates a problem in the water system.
Redescription of †Yanosteus longidorsalis Jin et al., (Chondrostei, Acipenseriformes, †Peipiaosteidae) from the Early Cretaceous of China
Authors: Hilton Eric J. , Grande Lance , Jin Fan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe family †Peipiaosteidae contains the genera †Peipiaosteus, †Stichopterus, †Spherosteus, †Yanosteus, and †Liaosteus, all from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous deposits of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. Although the family has taxonomically expanded since it was first established for †P. pani Liu and Zhou, 1965, the amount of detailed comparative data for many of the taxa involved is lacking. In this paper, we describe the osteology of the monotypic genus †Yanosteus from the Yixian Formation (Early Cretaceous) of China largely on the basis of a newly prepared, well-preserved specimen. †Yanosteus is characterized by a series of infraorbital ossicles (a characteristic of the family), a broad, rounded palatopterygoid, a robust dentary, an extremely small opercle and a subopercle with distinctly long and rounded anterior process and a posteriorly scalloped margin, a broad and weakly forked caudal fin, an elongate dorsal fin with more than 160–178 fin rays (diagnostic for the genus), and a short but well-formed pectoral fin spine. We use the results of this study to discuss the characters of the †Peipiaosteioidei and the diversity of †peipiaosteioids.