bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Play Sports for a Quieter Brain: Evidence From Division I Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Krizman Jennifer , Lindley Tory , Bonacina Silvia , Colegrove Danielle , White-Schwoch Travis , Kraus Nina 
Published: December 2019

Background: Playing sports has many benefits, including boosting physical, cardiovascular, and mental fitness. We tested whether athletic benefits extend to sensory processing—specifically auditory processing—as measured by the frequency-following response (FFR), a scalp-recorded electrophysiological potential that captures neural activity predominately from the auditory midbrain to complex sounds. Hypothesis: Given that FFR amplitude is sensitive to experience, with enrichment enhancing FFRs and injury reducing them, we hypothesized that playing sports is a form of enrichment that results in greater FFR amplitude. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: We measured FFRs to the speech syllable “da” in 495 student-athletes across 19 Division I teams and 493 age- and sex-matched controls and compared them on 3 measures of FFR amplitude: amplitude of the response, amplitude of the background noise, and the ratio of these 2 measures. Results: Athletes have larger responses to sound than nonathletes, driven by a reduction in their level of background neural noise. Conclusion: These findings suggest that playing sports increases the gain of an auditory signal by turning down the background noise. This mode of enhancement may be tied to the overall fitness level of athletes and/or the heightened need of an athlete to engage with and respond to auditory stimuli during competition. Clinical Relevance: These results motivate athletics overall and engagement in athletic interventions for populations that struggle with sensory processing, such as individuals with language disorders. Also, because head injuries can disrupt these same auditory processes, it is important to consider how auditory processing enhancements may offset injury.
Determining the perception of a lung cancer screening programme among high-risk patients in a tertiary referral centre, Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Kok Wei Hao , Ban Yu-Lin Andrea , Azhar Shah Shamsul , Abdul Hamid Faisal 
Published: December 2019

Background: Lung cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death and the third most common cancer in Malaysia. The rising prevalence of lung cancer suggests the need to consider disease screening for early detection, especially in the high-risk population, as it offers the best chance of cure. Objectives: The study aims to determine the willingness of high-risk respondents to participate in a lung cancer screening programme if made available to them, and to determine their attitude towards lung cancer screening and explore factors that might affect participation in a screening programme. Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study over 6 months conducted in adult patients attending medical clinics in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) using face-to-face administered questionnaires. Results: In total 180 respondents were analysed. There were 177 (98.3%) males. Mean age was 59.8 ± 9.1 years. Of the respondents, 138 (76.7%) had poor knowledge about cancer screening. Former smokers comprised 119 (66.1%) of the participants, and 61 (33.9%) were current smokers. In total, 141 (78.3%) respondents indicated willingness to participate in a lung cancer screening programme. Out of this group, 68 (48.2%) respondents were unwilling to pay for the procedure. Only 18 (12.8%) were unwilling to undergo lung cancer treatment if detected early. Conclusions: Awareness about general cancer screening is low. Our study showed that when informed of their high-risk status, respondents were willing to participate in lung cancer screening. There should be more health programmes to promote and raise awareness about lung cancer.
Is multiple sclerosis progression associated with the HLA-DR15 haplotype?
Authors: Stürner Klarissa Hanja , Siembab Inessa , Schön Gerhard , Stellmann Jan-Patrick , Heidari Nika , Fehse Boris , Heesen Christoph , Eiermann Thomas H , Martin Roland , Binder Thomas MC 
Published: December 2019

Background The prevalence of multiple sclerosis is associated with the major histocompatibility complex class II DR15 haplotype HLA-DRB1*15:01∼HLA-DRB5*01:01. Objective To assess whether multiple sclerosis progression is associated with the main susceptibility haplotype HLA-DRB1*15:01∼HLA-DRB5*01:01. Methods Patients ( n = 1230) and healthy controls ( n = 2110) were genotyped for HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRB5. The baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was determined and patients were followed for at least 3 years. Results After follow-up of the consecutive cohort 349 patients were classified as having clinical isolated syndrome and 881 patients as having multiple sclerosis. The susceptibility allele HLA-DRB1*15:01 was more frequent in clinical isolated syndrome (odds ratio 1.56) and multiple sclerosis (odds ratio 3.17) compared to controls. HLA- DRB1*15:01 was the only enriched HLA-DRB1 allele in multiple sclerosis patients. Comparison of clinical characteristics between HLA-DRB1*15:01∼HLA-DRB5*01:01 negative and positive patients with multiple sclerosis showed that baseline EDSS score, disease duration and frequency of the category secondary progressive multiple sclerosis with relapse were increased in the HLA-DRB1*15:01∼HLA-DRB5*01:01 positive group. Conclusion The study confirmed HLA-DRB1*15:01 and HLA-DRB5*01:01 as the main susceptibility alleles and showed weak indirect evidence for a role in progression of the disease.
No Bull: A Case of Alpha-Gal Syndrome Associated With Buffalo Meat Sensitivity
Authors: Rowane Marija , Valencia Reimus , Stewart-Bates Benjamin , Casselman Jason , Hostoffer Robert 
Published: December 2019

Introduction Alpha (⍺)-gal syndrome (AGS) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody response against the glycoprotein carbohydrate galactose-⍺-1,3-galactose-β-1-(3)4-N-acetylglucosamine-R (Gal⍺-1,3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R or ⍺-gal) that is present in Ixodida (tick) saliva and noncatarrhine mammals as well as cetuximab, antivenom, and the zoster vaccine. The most frequently observed anaphylactic reactions in AGS are observed after beef, pork, lamb, and deer meat consumption. We present the first case of anaphylaxis to buffalo meat. Case Report A 55-year-old man presented with a history of recurrent urticaria that only developed approximately 7 hours after buffalo consumption. The patient denied history of Ixodidae bites but admitted to frequent hiking outdoors. Anti-⍺-1,3-gal IgE was positive (30.80 kU/L). The patient was advised to strictly avoid red meat. Discussion The prevalence of AGS has been increased in all continents in the past decade, and several Ixodidae species have been associated with this hypersensitivity. The list of IgE-mediated reactions to various types of meat has expanded to kangaroo, whale, seal, and crocodile, although these have not been associated with AGS. van Nunen only cautioned against consumption of exotic meats, such as buffalo, but no published case report describes AGS associated with anaphylaxis to this type of meat. Conclusion AGS is a mammalian meat allergy that has been increasingly prevalent worldwide, especially in Ixodidae endemic regions of Australia and the United States. Multiple AGS case reports published in the past decade demonstrate rapidly increasing understanding of underlying mechanisms provoking ongoing sensitization to help devise management strategies and dietary information. We offer the first case report of delayed anaphylaxis to buffalo meat.
Evidence for Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID12) as Core Instrument to Measure Health-Related Quality of Life in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties
Authors: Holland Richard , Højgaard Pil , Tillett William , Gossec Laure , de Wit Maarten , Christensen Robin , McHugh Neil , Gladman Dafna D. , Mease Philip , FitzGerald Oliver , Shea Beverly , Tugwell Peter , Beaton Dorcas , Orbai Ana-Maria ,   GRAPPA-OMERACT PsA Working Group
Published: December 2019

Objective: To evaluate and update the evidence for the measurement properties of the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID12) questionnaire to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: The PsAID12 psychometric evidence was gathered in a systematic literature review in PsA (registration number: CRD42016032546). The study quality was appraised using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments–Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (COSMIN-OMERACT) good methods check-list. Content validity, test–retest reliability, construct validity, longitudinal construct validity, discrimination, and thresholds of meaning were appraised. Additional analyses for construct validity, responsiveness, and sensitivity to change were conducted in available observational data sets after prespecified hypotheses were formulated. Results: Eight publications (129-474 patients) were analyzed. The PsAID12 fulfilled OMERACT criteria for content validity (patients and physicians endorsed content match with PsA HRQoL domain), feasibility (endorsed by patients and physicians), and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.91-0.95). A priori construct validity hypotheses were mostly met: Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease had high correlation with generic ( r = 0.76-0.87) and PsA-specific HRQol measures (0.8), and with measures of physical function (0.66-0.72), work productivity (0.69-0.75), pain (0.83), and fatigue (0.84). Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease had moderate-high correlation with measures of patient global (0.49-0.84) and dermatologic HRQoL (0.36-0.53). Correlations were higher with generic HRQoL measured by short form-36 physical component score (0.47-0.73) versus short form-36 mental component score (0.22-0.60). Three studies confirmed known group validity of PsAID12 according to PsA disease activity. Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease discriminated between change groups in 2 longitudinal studies (standardized response mean: 0.74-0.91, 53 and 105 patients). The minimal clinically important improvement was 3 and 1.4 points. Conclusion: Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease had evidence for good content and construct validity, reliability, and longitudinal construct validity and is ready to evaluate in clinical trials.
What’s new in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Branch D. Ware 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease, the obstetric features of which include recurrent early miscarriage, fetal death at or beyond 10 weeks of gestation, and early delivery for severe preeclampsia or placental insufficiency. Controversies regarding the specificity of these obstetric clinical features, as well as the laboratory diagnostic criteria, are the subject of current debate and reanalysis. Clinical and laboratory features can be used to stratify women with APS in terms of risk of adverse second and third trimester pregnancy outcomes. Numerous “treatments” have been used in high-risk and refractory patients, but rigorously designed clinical trials are needed. APS is a rare disease that requires innovative investigative approaches to provide credible results.
CAR T-cell therapy: is it prime time in myeloma?
Authors: Sidana Surbhi , Shah Nina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown promising activity in hematological malignancies and are being studied for the treatment of multiple myeloma, as well. B-cell maturation antigen, which is widely and almost exclusively expressed on plasma cells and B cells, is a promising target. Other targets being evaluated include CD19, CD38, CD138, signaling lymphocyte activation molecule or CS1, light chain, GPRC5D, and NKG2D. Early clinical studies have shown promising response rates in heavily pretreated patients, but relapses have occurred. Cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity have been observed in the majority of patients but are mostly grades 1 and 2. Relapse may be mediated by antigen escape and the limited persistence of CAR T cells. CAR T-cell constructs that target multiple antigens/epitopes or constructs with longer persistence due to a higher proportion of memory phenotype T cells may decrease the rates of relapse. Allogeneic CAR T cells that offer “off-the-shelf” options are also being developed. The challenges in integrating CAR T cells in myeloma therapy include disease relapse, adverse effects, cost, and identifying the right patient population. Longer-term data on efficacy and toxicity are needed before CAR T cells are ready for prime time in myeloma.
Alterations of individual thalamic nuclei volumes in patients with migraine
Authors: Shin Kyong Jin , Lee Ho-Joon , Park Kang Min 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to investigate the alterations of thalamic nuclei volumes and the intrinsic thalamic network in patients with migraine.

Methods
We enrolled 35 patients with migraine without aura and 40 healthy controls. All subjects underwent three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging. The thalamic nuclei were segmented using the FreeSurfer program. We investigated volume changes of individual thalamic nuclei and analyzed the alterations of the intrinsic thalamic network based on volumes in the patients with migraine.

Results
Right and left thalamic volumes as a whole were not different between the patients with migraine and healthy controls. However, we found that right anteroventral and right and left medial geniculate nuclei volumes were significantly increased (0.00985% vs. 0.00864%, p = 0.0002; 0.00929% vs. 0.00823%, p = 0.0005; 0.00939% vs. 0.00769%, p < 0.0001; respectively) whereas right and left parafascicular nuclei volumes were decreased in the patients with migraine (0.00359% vs. 0.00435%, p < 0.0001; 0.00360% vs. 0.00438%, p < 0.0001; respectively) compared with healthy controls. The network measures of the intrinsic thalamic network were not different between the groups.

Conclusions
We found significant alterations of thalamic nuclei volumes in patients with migraine compared with healthy controls. These findings might contribute to the underlying pathogenesis of the migraine.

Trial registration
None.
Effect of Machining-Induced Subsurface Defects on Dislocation Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Materials via Nano-indentation
Authors: Wang Quanlong , Wu Meiping , Zhang Chaofeng , Lv Yanming , Ji Xiaogang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSubsurface defects have a significant impact on the precision and performance of nano-structures. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation of nano-indentation is performed to investigate the effect of machining-induced subsurface defects on dislocation evolution and mechanical properties of materials, in which the specimen model with subsurface defects is constructed by nano-cutting conforming to reality. The formation mechanism of subsurface defects and the interaction mechanism between machine-induced defects and dislocation evolution are discussed. The hardness and Young’s elastic modulus of single crystal copper specimens are calculated. The simulation results indicate that there exist stable defect structure residues in the subsurface of workpiece, such as atomic clusters, stacking fault tetrahedral, and stair-rod dislocations. Secondary processing of nano-indentation can restore internal defects of the workpiece, but the subsurface damage in the secondary processing area is aggravated. The nano-indentation hardness of specimens increases with the introduction of subsurface defects, which results in the formation of work-hardening effect. The existence of subsurface defects can weaken the ability of material to resist elastic deformation, in which the mutual evolution between dislocations and subsurface defects plays an important role.
Relationships between risk of causing a motorway crash in Austria and attributes of drivers
Authors: Berger Wolfgang J. , Hössinger Reinhard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective
The emphasis of the study presented in this paper was to identify the attributes of drivers who are prone to cause a motorway crash. It was induced byambitions to enhance the effectiveness of traffic safety campaigns by identifying subgroups of drivers more precisely.

Method
For this purpose we conducted an accident data analysis of all injury crashes 2012–2014 on Austrian motorways. Since 2012 it is possible for the police to label the “mainly responsible person” for the crash in the Austrian electronic accident recording system. It turned out that the quality of the data had some limitations, which required considerable pre-processing. The analysis by comparing the proportions of “mainly responsible” and “not responsible” drivers was done using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. The binary characteristic, if a person was, according to the police, mainly responsible for the crash served as response variable. It was regressed on various personal and vehicle characteristics in order to identify their influence on the probability of causing a crash.

Results/Conclusions
The results yield apparent tendencies, some of which support well-known pattern, e.g., the disproportionally high risk of motorcyclists and - to a lesser extent - young and elderly car drivers to cause an accident. Other results were less expected, e.g., the higher risk of foreign car drivers (compared to Austrian drivers) as well as drivers of light trucks, whereas drivers of heavy trucks revealed a below-average risk of causing a crash. The differences between male and female car drivers were small from young to middle age and fully disappeared in the high age group. There is some evidence that the frequency and experience of driving on a motorway have more influence on the risk of causing a crash than the driver’s gender. From this we conclude that motorway safety campaigns should on the one hand focus on the abovementioned groups of high risk drivers and on the other hand, in terms of car drivers, equally address both male and female drivers.
An analysis of mutational signatures of synonymous mutations across 15 cancer types
Authors: Bin Yannan , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhao Le , Wen Pengbo , Xia Junfeng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Synonymous mutations have been identified to play important roles in cancer development, although they do not modify the protein sequences. However, relatively little research has specifically delineated the functionality of synonymous mutations in cancer.

Results
We investigated the nucleotide-based and amino acid-based features of synonymous mutations across 15 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and revealed novel driver candidates by identifying hotspot mutations. Firstly, synonymous mutations were analyzed between TCGA and 1000 Genomes Project at nucleotide and amino acid levels. We found that C:G → T:A transitions were the most frequent single-base substitutions, and leucine underwent the largest number of synonymous mutations in TCGA due to prevalent C → T transition, which induced the transformation between optimal and non-optimal codons. Next, 97 synonymous hotspot mutations in 86 genes were nominated as candidate drivers with potential cancer risk by considering the mutational rates across different sequence contexts. We observed that non-CpG-island GC transition sequence context was positively selected across most of cancer types, and different sequence contexts under which hotspot mutations occur could be significance for genetic differences and functional features. We also found that the hotspots were more conserved than neutral mutations of hotspot-mutation-containing-genes and frequently happened at leucine. In addition, we mapped hotspots, neutral and non-hotspot mutations of hotspot-mutation-containing-genes to their respective protein domains and found ion transport domain was the most frequent one, which could mediate the cell interaction and had relevant implication for tumor therapy. And the signatures of synonymous hotspots were qualitatively similar with those of harmful missense variants.

Conclusions
We illustrated the preferences of cancer associated synonymous mutations, especially hotspots, and laid the groundwork for understanding the synonymous mutations act as drivers in cancer.
TORCH screening used appropriately in China?─three years results from a teaching hospital in northwest China
Authors: Wang Lin-Chuan , Yan Fang , Ruan Jing-Xiong , Xiao Yao , Yu Yan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives
TORCH infections caused by Toxoplasma gondii (TOX), rubella virus (RV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus 1,2 (HSV-1,2) are associated with congenital anomalies. The study aimed to analyze the characteristics of TORCH screening in reproductive age women.

Methods
A total of 18,104 women (2015–2017) from a teaching hospital in Xi’an, China, were enrolled in the study. The characteristics of TORCH screening, i.e., the application of TORCH test, the seroprevalence, the impact of age, periods of gestation and woman with bad obstetric history (BOH) on the serological data were investigated.

Results
In the study, 319 women (1.76%) performed dynamic TORCH test. 51.66, 20.44 and 3.83% of the population did the test in the pre-gestation period, the first and third trimester, respectively. Quite a few pre-gestation women (29.74%) ignored screening of IgG antibodies. The overall IgG/IgM seropositvity of TOX, RV, CMV, HSV-1 and HSV-2 was 4.35%/0.35, 90%/0.63, 96.79%/0.97, 81.11%/0.14 and 6.1%/0.19%, respectively. The age-specific distributions and periods of gestation had no significant effect on the seroprevalence of TORCH agents, p>0.05. However, BOH was significantly associated with higher seropositvity of IgM (RV, CMV, HSV-1 and HSV-2) and IgG (CMV and HSV-1) antibodies, p < 0.05.

Conclusion
In Xi’an region, more attentions should be paid to TOX, CMV, HSV-2 and the women with BOH for TORCH screening. Meanwhile, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on TORCH test used inappropriately in China.