bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executive Cognitive Functions and Behavioral Control Differentially Predict HbA1c in Type 1 Diabetes across Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Suchy Yana , Butner Jonathan , Wiebe Deborah J. , Campbell MaryJane , Turner Sara L. , Berg Cynthia A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectives:To examine the contributions of two aspects of executive functioning (executive cognitive functions and behavioral control) to changes in diabetes management across emerging adulthood.Methods:Two hundred and forty-seven high school seniors with type 1 diabetes were assessed at baseline and followed up for 3 years. The baseline assessment battery included performance-based measures of executive cognitive functions, behavioral control, IQ estimate (IQ-est), and psychomotor speed; self-report of adherence to diabetes regimen; and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) assay kits as a reflection of glycemic control.Results:Linear and quadratic growth curve models were used to simultaneously examine baseline performance on four cognitive variables (executive cognitive functions, behavioral control, IQ, and psychomotor speed) as predictors of indices of diabetes management (HbA1c and adherence) across four time points. Additionally, general linear regressions examined relative contributions of each cognitive variable at individual time points. The results showed that higher behavioral control at baseline was related to lower (better) HbA1c levels across all four time points. In contrast, executive cognitive functions at baseline were related to HbA1c trajectories, accounting for increasingly more HbA1c variance over time with increasing transition to independence. IQ-est was not related to HbA1c levels or changes over time, but accounted instead for HbA1c variance at baseline (while teens were still living at home), above and beyond all other variables. Cognition was unrelated to adherence.Conclusions:Different aspects of cognition play a different role in diabetes management at different time points during emerging adulthood years.
How Green Transition of Energy System Impacts China's Mercury Emissions
Authors: Li Jiashuo , Wei Wendong , Zhen Wei , Guo Yi , Chen Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChina has long been committing to green transition of energy system to alleviate the heavy pollution; however, a quantitative analysis for its impact on air pollution has been lacking. To fill the knowledge gap, this study makes an initial attempt to reveal how green transition of energy system influences China's energy‐related mercury emissions from both individual sector and supply chain perspectives, by using input‐output (IO)‐structural decomposition analysis and structural path analysis. Moreover, the aggregated power sector in the original IO tables are further disaggregated into seven types of power sectors to avoid the inherent huge uncertainty related to the aggregation. The results show that green transition in terms of emission factor control and energy mix adjustment has substantially benefited mercury reduction, while energy efficiency improvement has a much weaker effect. The largest consumption‐based mercury reduction brought about by energy green transition happens in sector Construction, with an amount of 49.6 t. This study also finds that the green transition generally makes the production layers less mercury intensive, and the energy‐related mercury emissions are more concentrated in the production layers. Policy suggestions for further enhancing energy green transition's mitigation effects for mercury emissions are comprehensively discussed.
A Stochastic Approach to Modeling Tidal Creek Evolution: Exploring Environmental Influences on CreekTopologies Through Ensemble Predictions
Authors: Li Xiaorong , Leonardi Nicoletta , Plater Andrew J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA numerical tool integrating hydrodynamics, vegetation growth, stochastic selection, and Monte‐Carlo simulation is developed to predict channel network evolution in a newly inundated back‐barrier wetland. Focusing on the formation and evolution of tidal channels, model simulations suggest a clear tendency towards specific creek topologies with high probability despite creek evolution being subject to random perturbations. These creek topologies are primarily determined by wetland topography while the influence of vegetation is secondary. Ensemble results of Monte‐Carlo simulations identify threshold points leading to bimodal separation of the emergent creek networks characterized by different complexity and efficiency. This, in turn, assists the recognition of necessary human interventions to encourage the formation of complex and far‐reaching creek networks that can promote exchange of materials between estuaries and salt marshes and, hence, maintain salt marsh ecosystem structure and function.
Eruption Interval Monitoring at Strokkur Geyser, Iceland
Authors: Eibl Eva P. S. , Hainzl Sebastian , Vesely Nele I. K. , Walter Thomas R. , Jousset Philippe , Hersir Gylfi Páll , Dahm Torsten 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGeysers are hot springs whose frequency of water eruptions remain poorly understood. We set up a local broadband seismic network for 1 year at Strokkur geyser, Iceland, and developed an unprecedented catalog of 73,466 eruptions. We detected 50,135 single eruptions but find that the geyser is also characterized by sets of up to six eruptions in quick succession. The number of single to sextuple eruptions exponentially decreased, while the mean waiting time after an eruption linearly increased (3.7 to 16.4 min). While secondary eruptions within double to sextuple eruptions have a smaller mean seismic amplitude, the amplitude of the first eruption is comparable for all eruption types. We statistically model the eruption frequency assuming discharges proportional to the eruption multiplicity and a constant probability for subsequent events within a multituple eruption. The waiting time after an eruption is predictable but not the type or amplitude of the next one.
STEVE and the Picket Fence: Evidence of Feedback‐Unstable Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Interaction
Authors: Mishin Evgeny , Streltsov Anatoly 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to extend the understanding of Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) and the Picket Fence related to strong subauroral ion drifts (SAID). We numerically demonstrated that precipitating energetic electrons are critical for the structuring of the Picket Fence. It is created by feedback‐unstable magnetosphere‐ionosphere interactions driven by the SAID electric field when the Hall conductance created by energetic (
1 keV) electrons exceeds the Pedersen conductance. We show that thermal excitation of the red‐line emission in STEVE is inhibited by inelastic collisions with molecular nitrogen. Suprathermal (
500 eV) electrons coming from the turbulent plasmasphere appear to be the major source. We also show that the chemiluminescencent and radiative attachment reactions do not explain the short‐wavelength part of the STEVE continuum and argue that accounting for vibrational excitation may resolve the problem. Atmosphere's upwelling due to enhanced ion‐neutral drag leads to the increased abundance of molecular components relative to atomic oxygen.
Direct Paleomagnetic Constraint on the Closure of Paleo‐Tethys and Its Implications for Linking the Tibetan and Southeast Asian Blocks
Authors: Yan Yonggang , Zhao Qian , Zhang Yipeng , Huang Baochun , Zheng Wenjun , Zhang Peizhen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPaleomagnetic studies on the syncollisional magmatic eruptions provide a direct way to understand when and where the Paleo‐Tethys closed. We report a well‐dated paleomagnetic pole from the southern Lancangjiang volcanic belt in western Yunnan of China. Stable Characteristic Remanent Magnetizations (ChRMs) were isolated from 21 sites at high temperatures following step‐wise thermal demagnetization. The data pass fold, reversal, and conglomerate tests and are interpreted to be primary thermal remanent magnetizations. The new paleomagnetic pole (46.1°N/176.2°E, K=44.9, A95=4.8°, N=21) yields a paleolatitude of 26.0 ± 4.8°N at the reference site (23.0°N/100.4°E) in the southern Lancangjiang area. This direct paleo‐latitudinal constraint on the Paleo‐Tethys suture zone in western Yunnan indicates that the north branch of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean closed no later than the Carnian Age of Late Triassic, and confirms a geographic linkage between the North Qiangtang and Indochina Blocks at least during the Early Permian to Late Triassic.
Quasi‐Biweekly Oscillation of the South Asian High and Its Role in Connecting the Indian and East Asian Summer Rainfalls
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhang Renhe , Yang Song , Li Wenhong , Wen Min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvestigation into the intraseasonal variation of the South Asian high (SAH) and its relationship with the Indian and East Asian summer monsoon rainfalls indicates that the 10–20 day period dominates the subseasonal zonal oscillation of the SAH between the Iranian mode and the Tibetan mode. The eastward shift of SAH lags a rainfall decrease over northern India by about 1 day, but leads a rainfall increase over the Yangtze River valley (YRV) by about 3 days. Interactive processes are also revealed on quasi‐biweekly time scales. The latent heating over northern India contributes to the southwestward shift of a pair of cyclone‐anticyclone anomalies from the midlatitudes to the SAH region, resulting in the zonal shift of the SAH. An associated upper‐level divergence over eastern China leads to the rainfall increase over the YRV 3 days later. The lead‐lag relationships revealed may benefit the subseasonal rainfall prediction over the two monsoon regions.
Modeling the Temporal Variability in Saturn's Magnetotail Current Sheet From the Cassini F‐ring Orbits
Authors: Agiwal O. , Hunt G. J. , Dougherty M. K. , Cowley S. W. H. , Provan G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Cassini spacecraft completed 20 highly repeatable orbits during northern summer at Saturn, known as the F‐ring orbits, of which 18 are considered in this study. The spacecraft traversed Saturn's magnetotail current sheet during each apoapsis pass between 16 and 22 Saturn radii over 2‐day intervals and revealed a highly variable radial magnetic field from orbit to orbit. The solar wind and planetary period oscillations (PPOs) are significant sources of temporal variability in the Saturnian magnetosphere. PPOs refer to dual magnetic perturbation systems, one in each hemisphere, which have been observed to modulate the position and thickness of the magnetotail current sheet with a
10.7‐hr periodicity. Thus, we employ a model which considers dual‐modulation effects of the northern and southern PPO systems, together with a model of variable solar wind forcing on the magnetotail current sheet, to investigate their combined temporal effects on the radial magnetic field in the magnetotail. For all 18 F‐ring orbits considered, the modeled radial fields show excellent overall agreement with the temporal variability in the large‐scale structure of the observed radial fields (root mean square error
1.5 nT for 80% of the orbits). The amplitudes of the northern PPO modulations are well constrained between 0.3 and 0.5 Saturn radii, and they exceed the southern modulations by a factor of 1.3. The solar wind forcing is observed to be highly variable from orbit to orbit.
Scale Transition From Geostrophic Motions to Internal Waves in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Cao Haijin , Jing Zhiyou , Fox‐Kemper Baylor , Yan Tong , Qi Yiquan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe eddy‐abundant circulation in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) tends to be dynamically complex due to monsoon forcing, Kuroshio intrusion, and emitted internal waves from the Luzon Strait. This study uses 13‐year shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements (2004–2016), orbital altimeter data, and high‐resolution model output to perform wave‐vortex decompositions and investigate the scale of transition from dominantly geostrophic flows to internal wave motions in the northern South China Sea. The upper ocean kinetic energy spectra transition on scales exceeds 200 km. This large scale of transition is attributed to the energetic low‐mode internal waves (e.g., internal tides and inertia‐gravity waves). However, inconsistencies in the decomposition reveal that the assumptions of homogeneity and isotropy required for the 1‐D decomposition (Bühler et al., 2014) are sufficiently violated at smaller scales to affect the subdominant member of the decomposition on scales below 100 km. A method for direct quantification of the consequences by degree of violation using bootstrapping of the 2‐D model data is developed and illustrated. Observed and modeled sea surface height spectra flatten at scales smaller than 125 km, which is found in the model to be due to the coherent, semidiurnal internal waves. The large scale of transition between geostrophic and wave motions in the South China Sea is an irreducible uncertainty for altimeter velocities (e.g., the Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission).
Deducing Crustal‐Scale Reverse‐Fault Geometry and Slip Distribution From Folded River Terraces, Qilian Shan, China
Authors: Wang Yiran , Oskin Michael E. , Zhang Huiping , Li Youli , Hu Xiu , Lei Jinghao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe deep structure of active reverse faults is generally difficult to constrain from surface observations and may conceal shortening within the hinterland. Here we investigate the geometry of active, crustal‐scale reverse faulting from deformation of an unusually extensive set of river terraces preserved along the Beida River through the northwestern Qilian Shan. Two generations of fill terraces (T1 and T2) are well preserved from the foreland basin to at least 45 km within the hinterland. Optically stimulated luminescence and 10Be dating methods indicate that T1 was abandoned at 24 ± 3 kyr B.P.; T2 was abandoned at 144 ± 30 kyr B.P. The T2 terrace profile reveals a long wavelength fold (~30 km) with a largest vertical deformation of ~120 m relative to T1. Both kinematic and elastic modeling of the deformed terraces indicate that folding is a result of movement along a steep reverse fault (~50o), which merges into a ~10° décollement at 15–17 km depth. Estimated slip at depth is 1.8 times higher than fault slip at the surface, indicating a substantial proportion of shortening is absorbed by folding of the range interior. The shortening rate since abandonment of T2 is 1.4 ± 0.4 mm/yr, which is consistent with previous research and makes up 23 ± 10% of the geodetic shortening rate across Qilian Shan orogen. Our results support that crustal‐scale reverse‐faulting accommodates shortening and northward propagation of the North Qilian mountain front and that the total shortening rate is distributed between multiple faults within the Qilian Shan and Hexi Corridor.
Fish Structure in Channel Networks of a Large Anabranching Floodplain: Effect of Isolation/Connection Processes
Authors: Abrial E. , Espínola L. A. , Amsler M. L. , Rabuffetti A. P. , Latosinski F. G. , Szupiany R. N. , Eurich M. F. , Blettler M. C. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChannel networks of floodplain rivers are the main routes for water, sediment, organic matter, and aquatic organisms between main channels and lakes, playing a substantial role in floodplain dynamics. Despite their importance most investigations in large floodplain rivers focus on main channels and lentic water bodies. This research deals with fish assemblage variations in different lotic sites (scour holes and straight reaches) of one of the many channels which shape the wide anabranching floodplain of the middle reach of the Paraná River. We considered the influence of environmental factors, such as hydro‐geomorphological features and water quality of the channel, connections with surrounding lentic water bodies, seasonality, and interannual flow variations. The results showed two main ecological patterns closely related to floodplain connectivity. In‐channel habitat heterogeneity has low influence on fish assemblages when minor channels are connected to significant flooded areas (sampling period 2013–2016). Spatial or temporal predictions of fish structure during these stages are not easy due to the interaction of several environmental factors. However, during very low water levels (winter of 2018) most lentic areas become isolated from the nearby channel network, and floodplain fish are forced to move into the numerous scour holes of the floodplain channels where water conditions resemble those in lentic habitats. Our work highlights the importance of in‐channel characteristics of floodplain river networks and their crucial role for fish conservation, particularly during very low water stages.
A Novel Method of Quantifying Catchment‐Wide Average Peak Propagation Speed in Hillslopes: Fast Hillslope Responses are Detected During Annual Floods in a Steep Humid Catchment
Authors: Asano Yuko , Uchida Taro , Tomomura Mitsuhide 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe lag time between rainfall input and discharge output—that is, the response speed of a catchment—is a key parameter for flood prediction but is difficult to quantify. Here we propose a new method to quantify catchment‐wide average peak propagation speed in hillslopes based on measurements conducted in a steep 4.5‐km2 catchment. The peak lag time of the catchment was partitioned into lag times in the hillslope and channel. Peak propagation speed was calculated from flow path length divided by lag time. We verified the results and evaluated the applicability and uncertainty of this method. This method can be applied during intense storms with identifiable peak relationships between rainfall and discharge. The effect of spatial variation in precipitation was insignificant in the study catchment. The increase in rainfall intensity and the rainfall accumulated prior to peak rainfall increased peak propagation speed. The method used to characterize flow path length from distributed values introduced some uncertainty. We calculated modal lengths using linear and logarithmic scales and various bin widths. These calculations resulted in small differences in modal channel length but led to more than tenfold differences in modal hillslope length. Thus, uncertainties for peak propagation speed across all hillslopes varied by one order of magnitude. Hillslope lag times were less than 2 min and peak propagation speed in the hillslopes ranged from 0.04 to 4.3 m/s for floods with recurrence intervals of one to several years. The proposed method and calculated data should improve prediction accuracy for extreme floods.
Rainfall‐Runoff Modeling Using Crowdsourced Water Level Data
Authors: Weeser B. , Jacobs S. , Kraft P. , Rufino M. C. , Breuer L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractComplex and costly discharge measurements are usually required to calibrate hydrological models. In contrast, water level measurements are straightforward, and practitioners can collect them using a crowdsourcing approach. Here we report how crowdsourced water levels were used to calibrate a lumped hydrological model. Using six different calibration schemes based on discharge or crowdsourced water levels, we assessed the value of crowdsourced data for hydrological modeling. As a benchmark, we used estimated discharge from automatically measured water levels and identified 2,500 parameter sets that resulted in the highest Nash‐Sutcliffe‐Efficiencies in a Monte Carlo‐based uncertainty framework (Q‐NSE). Spearman‐Rank‐Coefficients between crowdsourced water levels and modeled discharge (CS‐SR) or observed discharge and modeled discharge (Q‐SR) were used as an alternative way to calibrate the model. Additionally, we applied a filtering scheme (F), where we removed parameter sets, which resulted in a runoff that did not agree with the water balance derived from measured precipitation and publicly available remotely sensed evapotranspiration data. For the Q‐NSE scheme, we achieved a mean NSE of 0.88, while NSEs of 0.43 and 0.36 were found for Q‐SR and CS‐SR, respectively. Within the filter schemes, NSEs approached the values achieved with the discharge calibrated model (Q‐SRF 0.7, CS‐SRF 0.69). Similar results were found for the validation period with slightly better efficiencies. With this study we demonstrate how crowdsourced water levels can be effectively used to calibrate a rainfall‐runoff model, making this modeling approach a potential tool for ungauged catchments.
Precipitation‐Runoff and Storage Dynamics in Watersheds Underlain by Till and Permeable Bedrock in Alberta's Rocky Mountains
Authors: Spencer S. A. , Silins U. , Anderson A. E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe complex mechanisms driving runoff dynamics in mountainous watersheds with thick glacial till and fractured bedrock are not well understood. We examined long‐ and short‐term precipitation‐runoff relationships and quantified subsurface storage in watersheds on the eastern slopes of Canada's Rocky Mountains to develop a conceptual understanding of runoff generation processes in this region. Fractured permeable bedrock (bedrock storage) and glacial till deposits (soil and till storage) collectively result in large dynamic storage (hydrologically active storage). The transition from multiyear dry to multiyear wet patterns increased specific discharge due to less bedrock storage opportunity but did not influence event‐scale rainfall‐runoff responses. Rather, event‐scale rainfall‐runoff responses were governed by snowmelt and soil and till storage capacity. While winter snowfall was an important predictor of annual runoff ratios, storage at the end of the previous fall also influenced runoff ratios. These complex subsurface dynamics and large storage capacities are important for understanding how mountainous watersheds with glacial till deposits may respond to disturbance or climate change.
Assimilating GRACE Into a Land Surface Model in the Presence of an Irrigation‐Induced Groundwater Trend
Authors: Nie Wanshu , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Rodell Matthew , Kumar Sujay V. , Arsenault Kristi R. , Li Bailing , Getirana Augusto 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAssimilating terrestrial water storage observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission into land surface models (LSMs) provides an opportunity to disaggregate and downscale GRACE information to finer scales and improve water component estimates in LSMs. However, the performance of GRACE data assimilation (GRACE‐DA) is limited by the lack of representation of human activities in most LSMs. To simultaneously improve GRACE‐DA and reduce the uncertainties in the modeled anthropogenic processes, we assimilate mascon‐based GRACE terrestrial water storage into the Noah‐Multiparameterization LSM that includes groundwater extraction for irrigation. Simulations with and without GRACE‐DA and with and without groundwater pumping for irrigation are performed to study the isolated and combined effects of groundwater irrigation and GRACE‐DA on water and energy fluxes over the High Plains Aquifer (HPA). The results reveal that the DA‐only simulation may erroneously distribute increments across water storage components and affect the related fluxes through biased feedbacks, while the irrigation‐only simulation may overestimate groundwater decline due to shortcomings in the irrigation and groundwater parameterizations. Assimilating GRACE when irrigation is simulated produces the best overall performance for water storage trends over the northern HPA. For the southern HPA, GRACE assimilation with irrigation performs similarly to irrigation‐only simulation for water storage components and evapotranspiration. GRACE assimilation also improves results in nonirrigated regions and can potentially alleviate the overestimation of groundwater trends in regions with greater irrigation uncertainties. This study highlights the potential to advance hydrological data assimilation in the context of anthropogenic water consumption and land‐atmosphere interactions.