bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amorphous and Crystalline 2D Polymeric Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Hydrogen/Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Yan Bo , Chen Zhonghui , Xu Yuxi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhotocatalytic reactions, including hydrogen/oxygen generation, water splitting and hydrogen peroxide production, are regarded as a renewable and promising method to harvest and use solar energy. The key to achieving this goal is to explore efficient photocatalysts with high productivity. Recently, two‐dimensional (2D) polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets were reported as efficient photocatalysts toward various products because of their outstanding properties, such as high specific surface area, more reactive sites, the quantum effect in thickness and unique electronic properties. This minireview attempts to overview recent advances in the preparation, structure and properties of crystalline and amorphous carbon nitride nanosheets, and their applications in photocatalytic hydrogen/oxygen evolution, water splitting and hydrogen peroxide production. We also thoroughly discuss the effect of defects, dopants and composites on the photocatalytic efficiency of these carbon nitride nanosheets. Finally, we outlook the ongoing opportunities and future challenges for 2D carbon nitride nanosheets in the field of photocatalysis.
Fe/Co‐based Bimetallic MOF‐derived Co3Fe7@NCNTFs Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for High‐Efficiency Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yuan Qunyao , Yu Youxing , Sherrell Peter C. , Chen Jun , Bi Xiaofang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractElectrocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen is regarded as one of the most promising methods to generate clean and sustainable energy for replacing fossil fuels. However, the design and development of an efficient bifunctional catalyst for simultaneous generation of hydrogen and oxygen remains extremely challenging yet is critical for the practical implementation of water electrolysis. Here, we report a facile method to fabricate novel N‐doped carbon nanotube frameworks (NCNTFs) by the pyrolysis of a bimetallic metal organic framework (MIL‐88‐Fe/Co). The resultant electrocatalyst, Co3Fe7@NCNTFs, exhibits excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, achieving 10 mA/cm2 at a low overpotential of just 264 mV in 1 M KOH solution, and 197 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The high electrocatalytic activity arises from the synergistic effect between the chemistry of the Co3Fe7 and the NCNTs coupled to the novel framework structure. The remarkable electrocatalytic performance of our bifunctional electrocatalyst provides a promising pathway to high‐performance overall water splitting and electrochemical energy devices.
Impacts of terminal velocity on precipitation prediction and the error representation of terminal velocity in ensemble forecasts
Authors: Wang Shizhang , Qiao Xiaoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImpacts of terminal velocities (rainwater, snow, and hail) on precipitation and the representation of terminal velocity uncertainty in ensemble forecasts were discussed in several idealized scenarios differing in intercept parameters and environmental soundings. In this idealized case, the precipitation maximum and cold pool were sensitive to the rainwater terminal velocity, while the precipitation coverage was sensitive to terminal velocities of ice‐species. Although precipitation maximum approximately increased with terminal velocity, pronouncedly large terminal velocity may form a cold pool too weak for precipitation system development. The main finding for ensemble forecasts is that allowing for terminal velocity uncertainty in ensemble forecasts could benefit the precipitation forecast skill; using perturbations based on the terminal velocity bias of each species improved the forecast skill in more scenarios than using the same perturbation for all species.
MACHO 311.37557.169: A VY Scl star
Authors: Wörpel Hauke , Schwope Axel D. , Traulsen Iris , Brown Michael J. I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOptical surveys, such as the MACHO project, often uncover variable stars whose classification requires follow‐up observations by other instruments. We performed X‐ray spectroscopy and photometry of the unusual variable star MACHO 311.37557.169 with XMM‐Newton in April 2018, supplemented by archival X‐ray and optical spectrographic data. The star has a bolometric X‐ray luminosity of about 1 × 1032 erg s−1 cm−2 and a heavily absorbed two‐temperature plasma spectrum. The shape of its light curve, its overall brightness, its X‐ray spectrum, and the emission lines in its optical spectrum suggest that it is most likely a VY Scl cataclysmic variable.
Additive Manufacturing of Aqueous‐Processed LiMn2O4 Thick Electrodes for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Airoldi Lorenzo , Anselmi‐Tamburini Umberto , Vigani Barbara , Rossi Silvia , Mustarelli Piercarlo , Quartarone Eliana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEnhancing electrode areal capacity of lithium‐ion batteries will result in cost saving and better electrochemical performances. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a very promising solution, which enables to build structurally complex electrodes with well‐controlled geometry, shape and thickness. Here we report on 3D‐printed cathodes based on LiMn2O4 (LMO) as the active material, which are fabricated by robocasting AM via aqueous processing. Such a technology is: i) environmentally friendly, since it works well with water and green binders; ii) fast, due to very short deposition times and rapid drying process because of low amount of solvent in the printable pastes; iii) easily scalable. The cathodes are produced by extruding pastes with higher solid loadings (>70 vol %) than those typically reported in literature. The printing efficiency is strongly affected by both the binder and the carbonaceous additive. The best cathode is composed by LMO, Pluronic as the binder, and a mixture of graphite/carbon black as the electronic conductor, which is critical for achieving optimal electrochemical performance. The cathode with thickness of 200 μm and mass loading of 13 mg cm−2 exhibits good electrochemical areal capacity (2.3 mAh cm−2) and energy density (>32 J cm−2). Our results may boost the development of greener, lower cost and more efficient new generation of LIBs for applications as household energy storage or even micro‐battery technology.
Evolution of an 8‐week upper‐division metagenomics course: Diagramming a learning path from observational to quantitative microbiome analysis
Authors: Goller Carlos C. , Ott Laura E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetagenomics is a tool that enables researchers to study genetic material recovered directly from microbial communities or microbiomes. Fueled by advances in sequencing technologies, bioinformatics tools, and sample processing, metagenomics studies promise to expand our understanding of human health and the use of microorganisms for agriculture and industry. Therefore, teaching students about metagenomics is crucial to prepare them for modern careers in the life sciences. However, the increasing number of different approaches makes teaching metagenomics to students a challenge. This 8‐week metagenomics laboratory course has the objective of introducing upper‐level undergraduate and graduate students to strategies for designing, executing, and analyzing microbiome investigations. The laboratory component begins with sample processing, library preparation, and submission for high‐throughput sequencing before transitioning to computer‐based activities, which include an introduction to several fundamental computational metagenomics tools. Students analyze their sequencing results and deposit findings in sequence databases. The laboratory component is complemented by a weekly lecture, where active learning sessions promote retrieval practice and allow students to reflect on and diagram processes performed in the laboratory. Attainment of student learning outcomes was assessed through the completion of various course assignments: laboratory reports, presentations, and a cumulative final exam. Further, students' perceptions of their gains relevant to the learning outcomes were evaluated using pre‐ and postcourse surveys. Collectively, these data demonstrate that this course results in the attainment of the learning outcomes and that this approach provides an adaptable way to expose students to the cutting‐edge field of metagenomics.
Financial development, energy consumption, and economic growth: Some recent evidence for India
Authors: Raghutla Chandrashekar , Chittedi Krishna Reddy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the empirical relationship between financial development, energy consumption, and economic growth in India, spanning the time period 1970–2018. The study used ARDL‐bound tests and the VECM method. Results confirm the presence of a long‐term relationship among variables. Results from the Granger causality test show a unidirectional relationship, from economic growth to financial development, in the short‐term. However, in the long‐term, we identify a bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and energy consumption and energy consumption and financial development. The study concludes that financial development and energy consumption are the key drivers of the economic growth of India.
Ki‐67 index, progesterone receptor expression, histologic grade and tumor size in predicting breast cancer recurrence risk: A consecutive cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yanna , Zhou Yidong , Mao Feng , Yao Ru , Sun Qiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 21‐gene recurrence score (RS) assay has been recommended by major guidelines for treatment decision in hormone receptor (HR)‐positive early breast cancer (EBC). However, the genomic assay is not accessible and affordable worldwide. Alternatively, an increasing number of studies have shown that traditional immunohistochemistry (IHC) can partially or even completely replace the role of the 21‐gene genomic assay. Here, we developed and validated a predictive model (IHC3 model) combining the Ki‐67 index, progesterone receptor (PR) expression, histologic grade, and tumor size to predict the recurrence risk of HR‐positive EBC.MethodsThe data from 389 patients (development set) with HR‐positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative, lymph node non‐metastasized invasive breast cancer were used to construct the IHC3 model based on the Surexam® 21‐gene RS and the TAILORx clinical trial criteria. An additional 146 patients with the same characteristics constituted the validation set. The predictive accuracy of the IHC3 model was compared with that of Orucevic et al.’s nomogram. Invasive disease‐free survival (IDFS) was analyzed in the IHC3 predictive low‐recurrence risk (pLR) group and the predictive high‐recurrence risk (pHR) group. The Pearson chi‐square test, Fisher exact test, and log‐rank test were used for analysis.ResultsThe pLR and pHR group could be easily stratified using the decision tree model without network dependence. The accuracies of the IHC3 model were 86.1% in the development set and 87.7% in the validation set. The predictive accuracy of the IHC3 model and Orucevic et al.’s nomogram for the whole cohort was 86.5% and 86.9%, respectively. After a 52‐month of median follow‐up, a significant difference was found in IDFS between of the IHC3 pLR and the pHR groups (P = 0.001) but not in the IDFS between the low‐ and high‐recurrence risk groups according to the Surexam® 21‐gene RS and the TAILORx clinical trial criteria (P = 0.556) or 21‐gene binary RS group (P = 0.511).ConclusionsThe proposed IHC3 model could reliably predict low and high recurrence risks in most HR‐positive EBC patients. This easy‐to‐use predictive model may be a reliable replacement for the 21‐gene genomic assay in patients with EBC who have no access to or cannot afford the 21‐gene genomic assay.
Prognostic and predicted significance of Ubqln2 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Luo Yuan‐Deng , Yu Hong‐Qiang , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Huang Deng , Dai Hai‐Su , Fang Lei , Zhang Yu‐Jun , Lai Jie‐Juan , Jiang Yan , Shuai Ling , Zhang Lei‐Da , Chen Geng , Bie Ping , Xie Chuan‐Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant cancer and the third leading cause of death worldwide. The molecular mechanism of HCC remains unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) is associated with HCC. Ubqln2, a member of the UPS, is abnormally expressed in HCC. However, whether Ubqln2 is associated with HCC prognosis remains unknown.Patients and MethodsWe analyzed the associations between overall survival and various risk factors in 355 HCC tissue samples obtained from the Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) database at the mRNA level and in 166 HCC tissue samples from Southwest Hospital at the protein level. qRCR was used to determinate Ubqln2 expression in cancer and noncancerous tissues. The association between Ubqln2 and Ki‐67 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The association between Ubqln2 expression and survival was analyzed using Kaplan‐Meier curve and Cox proportional hazards models. A nomogram was used to predict the impact of Ubqln2 on prognosis. Mutated genes were analyzed to determine the potential mechanism.ResultsUbqln2 highly expressed in HCC tissues. The Ubqln2 mRNA level had significant relations with UICC tumor stage (P = .022), UICC stage (P = .034) and resection potential (P = .017). Concordantly, the Ubqln2 protein was closely associated with tumor size (P = .005), UICC stage (P = .012), and recurrence (P = .009). Ubqln2 was highly expressed in HCC and positively associated with poor survival. The nomogram precisely predicted the prognosis of HCC patients with high or low Ubqln2 expression. A genomic waterfall plot suggested that Ubqln2 expression was closely associated with mutated CTNNB1.ConclusionOur findings reveal that Ubqln2, an independent risk factor for HCC, is a potential prognostic marker in HCC patients. Ubqln2 expression is positively associated with mutated CTNNB1.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks: A New Platform for Enzyme Immobilization
Authors: Ye Niru , Kou Xiaoxue , Shen Jun , Huang Siming , Chen Guosheng , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with attractive properties such as high surface area, tunable porosity, designable functionality and excellent stability, have aroused great interest from researchers as the matrices for enzyme immobilization. Recently, several efficient strategies including surface immobilization, post‐synthetic infiltration and in situ encapsulation have been explored. MOF‐immobilized enzymes, named enzymes@MOFs, show remarkably enhanced stability and recyclability, accelerating cell‐free biocatalysis in diverse applications. This concept will impart the typical strategies for enzyme immobilization with MOFs, and their potential applications.
Efficient Synthesis of Phenylacetate and 2‐Phenylethanol by Modular Cascade Biocatalysis
Authors: Mao Zuoxi , Liu Lijun , Zhang Yang , Yuan Jifeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe green and sustainable synthesis of chemicals from renewable feedstocks by a biotransformation approach has gained increasing attention in recent years. In this work, we developed enzymatic cascades to efficiently convert l‐phenylalanine into 2‐phenylethanol (2‐PE) and phenylacetic acid (PAA), l‐tyrosine into tyrosol (p‐hydroxyphenylethanol, p‐HPE) and p‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (p‐HPAA). The enzymatic cascade was cast into an aromatic aldehyde formation module, followed by an aldehyde reduction module, or aldehyde oxidation module, to achieve one‐pot biotransformation by using recombinant Escherichia coli. Biotransformation of 50 mM l‐Phe produced 6.76 g/L PAA with more than 99 % conversion and 5.95 g/L of 2‐PE with 97 % conversion. The bioconversion efficiencies of p‐HPAA and p‐HPE from l‐Tyr reached to 88 and 94 %, respectively. In addition, m‐fluoro‐phenylalanine was further employed as an unnatural aromatic amino acid substrate to obtain m‐fluoro‐phenylacetic acid; >96 % conversion was achieved. Our results thus demonstrated high‐yielding and potential industrial synthesis of above aromatic compounds by one‐pot cascade biocatalysis.
The new era of ventricular pacing during structural interventions
Authors: Belardi JA , Lamelas PM 
Published: April 2020

Key Points
Ventricular pacing is mandatory in many structural interventions, with associated risks like tamponade and capture loss.
The Tempo pacing wire was designed to deal with these issues incorporating an elastomeric balloon on the tip and an active fixation system.
In this initial multicenter experience, Tempo pacing wire demonstrated an outstanding performance in both safety and efficacy aspects of ventricular pacing during and after structural interventions.
Coronary artery disease management and cost implications with fractional flow reserve guided coronary intervention in Indian patients with stable ischemic coronary artery disease
Authors: Thomson Viji S. , Varghese Mithun J. , Chacko Sujith T. , Varghese Lijo , Alex Anoop G. , George Paul V. , George Oommen K. , Joseph George , Yadav Bijesh K. , John Jacob 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo study the safety of stent avoidance, frequency of change in management decisions, and its cost implications while using a fractional flow reserve (FFR)‐guided treatment strategy for intermediate‐grade coronary artery stenosis.BackgroundThe impact of FFR in guiding management decisions and its cost implications has not been studied after imposition of a ceiling on stent prices by the Government of India.MethodsIn 400 patients with 477 intermediate‐grade coronary lesions for whom coronary intervention was planned, functional assessment using FFR was done. Incidence of the primary composite endpoint (major adverse cardiac event [MACE], cardiac death, myocardial infarction, objective evidence of ischemia, and target vessel revascularization) in the stent avoided subset was compared with the stented group at follow‐up. Micro‐costing analysis was done using a computed model with current stent and FFR wire prices.ResultsThe overall incidence of MACE was 4.9%, 0.9% in the stent‐avoided subset and 6.9% in stented group (p = 0.04, comparing the latter two) at a median follow‐up of 21 months (interquartile range 12–31 months). Serious adverse events occurred only in 1% of patients receiving adenosine. The average cost saving was Indian rupees (INR) 51,847 [United States Dollar (USD) 746] per patient, resulting in total savings of INR 15,813,379 (USD 227,530). Cost savings persisted but were lower by 36% (INR 18,613/USD 268 per patient) after the ceiling of stent prices.ConclusionFFR‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) strategy is safe and cost‐effective in countries where majority of patients self‐finance their health care, resulting in stent and PCI avoidance in approximately one in three patients referred for coronary angioplasty.
Temporal changes in patient characteristics and outcomes in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction 2003–2018
Authors: Garcia Santiago , Schmidt Christian W. , Garberich Ross , Henry Timothy D. , Bradley Steven M. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Burke Nickolas , Chavez Ivan J. , Eckman Peter , Gössl Mario , Mooney Michael R. , Newell Marc C. , Poulose Anil K. , Sorajja Paul , Traverse Jay H. , Wang Yale L. , Sharkey Scott W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to describe changes in demographic variables, process of care measures, and outcomes of patients treated in a regional ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) program over the last 15 years.MethodsWe describe demographic variables, process of care measures, and outcomes of patients treated in the program in various 5‐year time periods: 2003–2007 (n = 1,821), 2008–2012 (n = 1,968), and 2013–2018 (n = 2,223). The primary outcome measures were in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality.ResultsAmong 6,012 STEMI patients treated from 2003 to 2018 we observed a significant increase in mean age at presentation (62 ± 14 to 64 ± 13 years) and diabetes (14–22%, p < .01). The proportion of patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) and cardiac arrest (CA) pre‐PCI increased significantly from 9.5% to 11.1% and 8.5% to 12.7% (p < .05), respectively. The median door‐to‐balloon (D2B) times decreased from 98 to 93 min and total ischemic time decreased from 202 to 185 min (all p < .05). Despite increased patient complexity, the proportion of nontransfer and transfer patients achieving D2B times consistent with guideline recommendations remained unchanged (for nontransfer patients 79–82%, p = .45 and for transfer patients 65–64%, p = .34). Among all STEMI patients, in‐hospital mortality increased during the study period from 4.9 to 6.9% (p = .007) but remained stable (<2%) when CA and CS patients were excluded.ConclusionsOver the last 15 years, short‐term STEMI mortality has increased despite improvements in care delivery metrics. Patients with CA and/or CS now represent 10% of STEMI patients and are responsible for 80% of deaths. Therefore, efforts to improve STEMI mortality, and metrics for assessing STEMI programs, should focus on these patients.
Oxidative Esterification of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural under Flow Conditions Using a Bimetallic Co/Ru Catalyst
Authors: Salazar Abel , Linke Alexander , Eckelt Reinhard , Quade Antje , Kragl Udo , Mejía Esteban 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFuranic di‐carboxylate derivatives of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are nowadays important in the polymer industry as they are used as building blocks for bio‐based polyesters. The high reactivity of HMF compels to avoid harsh synthetic conditions. Therefore, developing mild catalytic processes for its selective oxidation is a challenging task. Herein, we report the first oxidative esterification of HMF to dimethyl furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylate (FDCM) under flow conditions using oxygen as oxidant. For that purpose, a new series of nitrogen‐doped carbon‐supported bimetallic Co/Ru heterogeneous catalysts were prepared and characterized by XRD, XPS and N2 physisorption. These analyses revealed that the porosity of the materials and order of impregnation of the metals to the carbon supports lead to varying catalytic activities. Under optimized conditions the flow reactor showed a 15‐fold increase on the production of FDCM compared to batch conditions.
Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Amination of Indole Derivatives via Single‐Electron Transfer
Authors: Zhao Peizheng , Wang Ke , Yue Yuanyuan , Chao Junli , Ye Yaqing , Tang Qinghu , Liu Jianming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn efficient and clean approach for the oxidative amination of indole derivatives with phenothiazines is developed under copper‐catalyzed aerobic conditions. The reaction is carried out via the cross‐coupling of indole radical cation and phenothiazine radical in air. This approach offers a new perspective in the application of phenothiazine as a nitrogen group source for C−N bond formation reactions.