bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Profile of Home Prepared Taraxacum Officinale Weber Ex Wigg Beverage
Authors: Kontogiorgis Christos , Deligiannidou Georgia Eirini , Karamani Vasiliki , Hadjipavlou-Litina Dimitra , Lazari Diamanto , Papadopoulos Athanasios 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Aromatic plants are quite popular for daily use worldwide. However, little
is known about the appropriate preparation of beverages in “house conditions” in order to preserve
their beneficial characteristics after processing. Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wigg contains a
variety of compounds, with well-documented effects against oxidative stress. This study aims to
investigate the optimum preparation conditions of a Taraxacum beverage in the household setting,
with respect to its antioxidant characteristics.

Methods:
Dried, commercial T. officinale was used to prepare beverages boiling for 1, 3 or 5 min.
The beverages were extracted using organic solvents of increasing polarity, and the solid residues
of each extraction were examined by in vitro analysis on: the evaluation of total phenolic content
(Folin Ciocalteau), the evaluation of antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging),
the evaluation of the ability of the tested extracts to compete with DMSO for OH radicals, the
ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid and soybean lipoxygenase inhibition assay.

Results:
All preparations had an overall good antioxidant profile. Regarding the chosen solvents,
mid polarity solvents were more likely to give better results in all tests conducted, which can be
indicative of the compounds extracted in each fraction. Samples prepared under 3 min boiling
presented significant interaction with DPPH and strong lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation
inhibition.

Conclusion:
As previously observed in the literature, food processing can greatly affect its
biochemical characteristics. In the case of Taraxacum, boiling for 3 min resulted in the best overall
profile of the beverage with respect to its antioxidant properties. However, due to a variety of
components present in each plant, further investigation and stratification, along with in vivo
experiments are needed.
Penanganan kasus bidang politik dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Authors: Nasiwan Nasiwan 
Published: February 2020

The teaching of Civic Education in Indonesia, especially on politics, from the perspire if its content is the most dynamic element in comparison to moral rapid change due to reformation undergone in Indonesia since May, 20 1998 or often is called as transitional democracy. In the period of transitional democracy since that time up to the end of 2006, many aspects of political affair has been changing radically both in super structures and in infrastruc­tures politic. As a result, the teaching of civic education, especially on politic as its materials, needs of handling of political cases accurately. The goal is to avoid misconception; its ap­proaches, as well as its methods of teaching.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NOVEL REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ANDROGRAPHOLIDE AND ALOE-EMODIN
Authors: PATIL RASHMI , JAISWAR UTTARA , JAIN VANDANA 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The study aims to develop and validate a novel reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of andrographolide and aloe-emodin in herbal formulation and validate as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.
Methods: The analysis was carried on a Shimadzu LC Prominence-i 2030 model with the Lab Solution software. The column used for separation was Prontosil C18 (250×4.6 mm, 5 μ), with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.05% orthophosphoric acid (45:55), at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, column temperature was maintained at 28°C and effluents were monitored at 225 nm. The injection volume was 10 μl.
Results: The retention time of andrographolide and aloe-emodin was found to be 4.57±0.2 min and 12.29±0.2 min, respectively. The markers were resolved using linear responses that were obtained in concentration ranges of 0.5–60 μg/ml with correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9992 and 0.999 for andrographolide and aloe-emodin, respectively. The precision results were found to be satisfactory, which indicates that the method is precise. The recovery values lie in the range of 98–120% indicating the accuracy of the method.
Conclusion: A novel, simple, accurate, precise, and robust reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of andrographolide and aloe-emodin. The developed method can be used for analysis of the formulations containing these phytoconstituents.
RESEARCH OF LEGAL REGULATION OF PERSONNEL SAFETY OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIZATIONS IN RUSSIA
Authors: A KUZNETSOV DMITRY , U KLISСHENKO MARINA 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The study consists in the analysis of the main regulatory acts governing personnel safety in pharmaceutical organizations. In the process of managing a pharmaceutical organization, the leader must rely on the requirements of current legislation in the field of personnel safety. Safety is the main strategic activity of any pharmaceutical organization. The legal framework governing personnel security is constantly expanding. Actually study the fundamental standards of personnel safety.
Methods: The methods of analysis were a systematic approach, logical grouping, content analysis of the main documents regulating personnel security in the pharmaceutical industry.
Results: The fundamental regulatory acts were identified that play a major role in ensuring and regulating the personnel safety of pharmaceutical organizations. Personnel security is a key element of the economic security of a pharmaceutical organization. The management of pharmaceutical personnel in the personnel safety system consists in finding ways to minimize risks and threats from and in relation to employees. The basic regulatory acts in the system of personnel security are identified, which allow to level threats and optimize the sustainable development of the pharmaceutical organization.
Conclusion: In Russia, the legal basis for the personnel security of pharmaceutical organizations is: the Constitution; international treaties; federal constitutional laws; federal laws and regulations; Government Decisions; laws and other regulatory legal acts of entities. The term “security” is introduced by the law “On Security”. The main security threats are identified in the Economic Security Strategy for the period until 2030.
Las implicancias del BREXIT en Europa y en el mundo
Authors: Pérsico Juan Carlos , Consani Norberto 
Published: February 2020

Se analiza la trascendencia del Brexit que significa la salida por propia voluntad de Gran Bretaña del bloque regional y los múltiples efectos no sólo en este país sino también en la Unión Europea en su conjunto, y en el mundo y los grandes desafíos que afectan su composición territorial actual, sus partidos políticos tradicionales, su economía y comercio, y el bienestar general de sus ciudadanos, en una sociedad que ha quedado profundamente dividida.
Del mismo modo, tambien como el proceso afectaria a la Unión Europea por perder a la quinta economía mundial (y segunda en el bloque regional), y a una de las principales potencias militares del planeta, y la preocupacion por contener el efecto contagio del Brexit en sus países miembros en los que se observa con gran preocupación el crecimiento constante de movimientos políticos nacionalistas populistas contrarios al proceso de integración regional europeo.
Synthesis, antibacterial and free radical scavenging activity of some newer N-((10-nitro-1H-indolo [1, 2-c]quinazolin-12-yl)methylene)benzenamines
Authors: Dixit A. , Pathak D. , Sharma G.K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPresent research is oriented on the synthesis of some novel 12-(N-arylmethaniminyl)indolo[1,2-c]quinazoline analogs (4b1-4b11) and their characterization by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR and mass spectrophotometry. Their free radical scavenging activity and antibacterial potential were also evaluated. Many derivatives have shown a marked free radical scavenging capacity in all the concentrations but specifically compounds 4b7, 4b8 and 4b11 have shown good antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 25.18 μmol/L, 28.09 μmol/L ---amp--- 44.22 μmol/L, respectively (DPPH method) and 39.46 μmol/L, 44.47 μmol/L ---amp--- 35.61 μmol/L, respectively (H2O2 method). The antibacterial evaluation was carried out against B. subtilis and E. coli by agar well diffusion method and it revealed that all the compounds in the series were having marked antibacterial activity but compounds 4b9 and 4b11 have shown best antibacterial potential. Then, it was concluded that the derivatives which were containing substituted anilines (4-Nitro, 4-Fluoro, 4-Bromo ---amp--- 4-Chloro-2-nitro) on the carbon attached on the 12th position of indoloquinazoline moiety were having marked potential as an antibacterial and free radical scavenger.
Investigation of Textile Heating Element in Simulated Wearing Conditions
Authors: Stygienė Laimutė , Varnaitė-Žuravliova Sandra , Abraitienė Aušra , Padleckienė Ingrida , Krauledas Sigitas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The research was focused on the heating capacity of developed, isolated from water penetration, knitted textile heating element with incorporated conductive silver (Ag)- plated yarns, which can be used in manufacturing heating textile products intended for recreation, sports, or health care for elderly. The aim of the investigation was to obtain an appropriate temperature on a human skin, generated by the textile heating element surface at a lower voltage depending on a variety of wearing conditions indoor. Depending on the supplied voltage to the heating element, an incoming electric energy can be converted into different heat. Therefore, the electrical and achieved temperature parameters of heating elements are very important by selecting and adapting required power source devices and by setting the logical parameters of programmable controllers. The heating–cooling dynamic process of developed textile heating element was investigated at different simulated wearing conditions on a standard sweating hot plate and on a human skin at applied voltages of 3V and 5V. It was discovered that a voltage of 5 V is too big for textile heating elements, because the reached steady state temperature increases to approximately 39–40°C, which is too hot for contact with the human skin. The voltage of 3 V is the most suitable to work properly and continuously, i.e., to switch on when the adjusted temperature is too low and to turn off when the necessary temperature is reached. Based on the values of reached steady-state heating temperature, the influence of the applied voltage, ambient air flow velocity, and heating efficiency, depending on various layering of clothes, was determined. Recorded temperatures on the external surface of the heating element provided the possibility to assess its heat loss outgoing into the environment. It was suggested that heat loss can be reduced by increasing thermal insulation properties of the outer layer of the heating element or using layered clothing. On the basis of the resulted heating characteristics, recommended parameters of power source necessary for wearable textile heating element were defined.
Understanding Player Load: Meanings and Limitations
Authors: Bredt Sarah da Glória Teles , Chagas Mauro Heleno , Peixoto Gustavo Henrique , Menzel Hans Joachim , Andrade André Gustavo Pereira de 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We present a critical reflection on the mechanical variable Player Load, which is based on acceleration data and commonly used in sports. Our motivation to write this paper came from the difficulties that we encountered in the calculation and interpretation of Player Load using our own data, since we did not use the Catapult Sports equipment, which is a merchandise of the company that proposed this variable. We reviewed existing literature in order to understand Player Load better; we found many inconsistencies in PL calculation methods and in the meanings attached to it. Accordingly, this paper presents a brief discussion on the meanings that have been assigned to Player Load, its limitations, and the lack of clear and complete information about Player Load calculation methods. Moreover, the use of arbitrary units and different practical meanings in the literature has associated Player Load with many physical quantities, thereby resulting in difficulties in determining what Player Load measures within the context of sports. It seems that Player Load is related to the magnitude of changes in acceleration, but not the magnitude of acceleration itself. Therefore, coaches and sports scientists should take this information into account when they use Player Load to prescribe and monitor external loads. We concluded that a deeper discussion of Player Load as a descriptor of external load is warranted in the sports sciences literature.
Eating Habits and Body Composition of International Elite Soccer Referees
Authors: Mascherini Gabriele , Petri Cristian , Ermini Elena , Pizzi Angelo , Ventura Antonio , Galanti Giorgio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Soccer referees are a specific group of the athletes’ population whose careers peak from 30 to 45 years old. An athlete's performance is not only determined by physical training but also by a lifestyle, e.g. eating habits. The purpose of this study was to verify current eating habits and resulting body composition of a group of elite international soccer referees. At an international FIFA seminar 60 elite international soccer referees (aged 39.2 ± 4.2 years) were enrolled. A body composition assessment was performed with skinfold thickness and bio impedance analysis, while eating habits were evaluated with a multi-pass 24-hour dietary recall. The body composition showed a normal weight condition with a fat content of 11.4 ± 2.5%. Macronutrients showed a low level of carbohydrates (43.6 ± 5.4%) and a high level of fat (40.0 ± 4.5%). Micronutrients showed a low level of calcium, potassium, zinc, magnesium, iodine, vitamin B12 and vitamin B9. Even though their body composition was within the normal range, the current eating habits of elite international soccer referees did not appear to follow the nutrition guidelines. Therefore, it would be advisable to provide knowledge on nutrition for this particular category of sports subjects, an individualized nutritional plan would be advisable, in order to achieve and maintain better performance and appropriate body composition for their role.
Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test: Discriminant Validity and an Update with the Gold-Standard Wingate Test
Authors: Tayech Amel , Mejri Mohamed Arbi , Chaouachi Mehdi , Chaabene Helmi , Hambli Mourad , Brughelli Matt , Behm David G. , Chaouachi Anis 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to update the validity of the Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test compared with the 30-s Wingate anaerobic test as the "Gold-Standard", squat jump and countermovement jump tests. The second objective was to examine whether this new specific test would be able to effectively discriminate between elite taekwondo athletes of different competitive levels. Twenty taekwondo athletes (15 males and 5 females) participated in the validation component, whereas 18 (14 males and 4 females) and 16 (13 males and 3 females) athletes participated in the reliability analysis of the Wingate anaerobic test and jumping tests, respectively. They performed these tests on two separate occasions (i.e., test-retest), in addition to the Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test. To establish test’s discriminatory capability (i.e., construct validity), two subgroups were identified based on their international and national taekwondo performance: 10 elite (8 males and 2 females) and 9 sub-elite (7 males and 2 females) athletes. Wingate anaerobic test and jumping tests performances showed excellent reliability (ICC > 0.90, SEM < 5% for most variables). Significant correlations between Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test, Wingate anaerobic test, and jumping tests’ variables were mostly "large". Elite taekwondo athletes showed greater taekwondo test performances compared with their sub-elite counterparts (p < 0.001). Receiving operating characteristic analysis indicated that the taekwondo specific test was able to effectively discriminate between elite and sub-elite taekwondo athletes. Overall, the findings of the current study support the concurrent validity of the Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test. In particular, the Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test showed good ability to effectively discriminate between taekwondo athletes of different competitive levels.
Spanish Elite Soccer Reserve Team Configuration and the Impact of Physical Fitness Performance
Authors: Arcos Asier Los , Martínez-Santos Raúl , Castillo Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was threefold: 1) to assess the configuration of an elite reserve soccer team, 2) to compare physical fitness performance of promoted and new players according to the playing position, and 3) to analyze the level of competitive participation attained by these players. We considered physical fitness tests (5 m and 15 m sprint, countermovement jump [CMJ] and aerobic endurance) performed by 192 players (age = 20.2 ± 2.3 years) enrolled in the reserve team of a Spanish La Liga club from 1994 to 2013. The players were classified according to the previous club criterion (promoted from the soccer academy and new players signed from other clubs), b) their playing position, and c) the competitive level attained until the 2016/2017 season (Spanish 1st and 2nd Divisions and the remaining competition levels). The proportion of promoted and new players was similar (p = 0.47). Overall, no substantial differences (unclear-small) were found in physical fitness performance between promoted and new players. Considering the playing position, promoted lateral defenders (LDs) showed better sprinting (ES = moderate) and CMJ (ES = moderate) performance than new LDs. In addition, promoted central midfielders (CMs) demonstrated better performance in the 5 m sprint and the CMJ (ES = moderate) than new CMs. The percentage of players who later competed in the Spanish 1st and 2nd Divisions was greater in promoted players compared to new players (p = 0.006). Physical fitness performance did not determine the selection of new players in a soccer elite reserve team. We may conclude that soccer academies should prioritize the selection and the training process of youth soccer players.
The Use of Small-Sided Games as an Aerobic Fitness Assessment Supplement within Elite Level Professional Soccer
Authors: Owen Adam Lee , Newton Matthew , Shovlin Aidan , Malone Shane 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the association between 5 vs. 5 small sided games (SSG) running performance and physiological performance during the Yo-YoIR1 test to ascertain the utility of SSGs as a potential fitness test modality within elite professional soccer players. Twenty-three (n = 23) elite male professional soccer players (mean ± SD age 25.3 ± 3.1 yrs, mass: 76 ± 9 kg, height: 176 ± 9 cm) were assessed. Players completed an intermittent aerobic fitness test (Yo-YoIR1) and a 5 vs. 5 SSGs protocol for the purpose of the study. During all SSGs players wore GPS (Statsports 10-Hz, Viper Pod, Newry, Northern Ireland) and HR monitors (Polar, Oy Kemple, Finland) with these measures related to Yo-YoIR1 running performance. Results revealed SSGs running performance (TD; m) and physiological performance (HR) showed the lowest CV% (< 5%), with high speed movements, accelerations and decelerations highlighting higher CV% during SSGs. Possibly small to possibly very large associations were observed for running performance during 5 vs. 5 SSGs and Yo-YoIR1 performance, with negative associations observed between physiological performance during SSG and YoYoIR1 running performance. To conclude, the current study observed how running performance during a standardised 5 vs. 5 SSG protocol within elite soccer cohorts is associated with the Yo-YoIR1 running performance. Given the low CV%, repeatability and large association of global running performance and internal load measures during a 5 vs. 5 SSG with Yo-YoIR1 performance, this particular soccer specific SSG protocol potentially supplements traditional non-sport specific testing assessments.
National Energy and Climate Plans: Importance of Synergy
Authors: Zigurs A. , Balodis M. , Ivanova P. , Locmelis K. , Sarma U. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the modern world, including the European Union, the Baltic States and Latvia, the power industry has a broad definition, area and content, several social life and economic existence, comfort and safety provision. It also covers the following segments: heat/thermal energy, transport/fuel, electricity, energy resources and their types, etc.
More competent and wider synergy among different energy sectors and power industry and other areas provides the option to solve the global problems, for example, the mitigation of climate changes and the provision of energy sustainability by reducing the production of greenhouse gases, increasing the use of renewable energy sources, achieving higher energy efficiency and providing the careful use of energy resources. The results of synergy are of economic importance; they provide the efficiency and competitiveness of costs.
In this paper, the necessity of synergy between renewables and conventional generation and synergy among energy sectors are considered to achieve the dimensions of national energy and climate plans.
El devenir de la esfera personal y el panenteísmo en la metafísica tardía de Max Scheler
Authors: Hackett J. Edward 
Published: February 2020

En este artículo, explico la visión de Scheler sobre Dios y las personas desde su período fenomenológico inicial y la transición que ocurre en su pensamiento alrededor de 1922 hasta su último trabajo publicado en 1928, El puesto del hombre en el cosmos. En ese trabajo, evalúo las afirmaciones metafísicas sobre el Espíritu y el impulso compenetrantes y me insto a ver la interacción entre ambos como un ejemplo de teísmo dipolar en lugar de la tendencia a interpretar el pensamiento de Scheler como una forma de dualismo. De hecho, muestro que la explicación relacional del proceso de Scheler sobre el Espíritu y el impulso debe leerse a través de la filosofía del organismo de Alfred North Whitehead, aunque no doy a esta posibilidad interpretativa un tratamiento o defensa exhaustivo.