bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term follow‐up of antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment for diabetic macular oedema: a four‐year real‐world study
Authors: Granstam Elisabet , Rosenblad Andreas , Modher Raghib Aseel , Granström Therese , Eriksson Jan W. , Lindholm Olinder Anna , Leksell Janeth 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate visual acuity (VA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) on optical coherence tomography during a 4‐year period in patients treated for sight‐threatening diabetic macular oedema (DMO) at two Swedish county hospitals. Additionally, to compare health‐related quality of life and subjective visual functioning before and after 4 years of treatment.MethodsFifty‐eight patients with DMO were evaluated after 4 years of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. VA, CRT and clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. Health‐related quality of life and subjective visual functioning were evaluated with Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) and National Eye Institute Vision Functioning Questionnaire 25 (VFQ‐25). Comparisons between independent groups were performed using Pearson's χ2 test, Fisher's exact test or Mann–Whitney U test. Spearman's ρ was used for correlation analyses. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used for comparison between dependent groups. Logistic regression analysis was applied for analysis of VA and CRT over 4 years.ResultsFollow‐up data were obtained from 37 of 58 (63.8%) patients. Baseline characteristics were similar, regardless of follow‐up. VA improvement at 1 year (mean + 4.4, SD 7.5; ETDRS letter score) was maintained over 3 years, then declined. CRT was reduced throughout the study. In the first treatment year, eyes received 5.1 (1.4) anti‐VEGF injections, followed by approximately two injections yearly. Additional treatment included laser and dexamethasone implants. SF‐36 showed no change at 4 years, compared with baseline. VFQ‐25 demonstrated improvement in near vision activities (p = 0.036).ConclusionSignificant long‐term improvement in visual function was present in patients with anti‐VEGF‐treated DMO.
A deadly trend in fentanyl fatalities (England, 1998–2017)
Authors: Claridge Hugh , Williams Bryn D. , Copeland Caroline S. 
Published: October 2019

AimTo identify trends in drug‐related deaths associated with fentanyl and its derivatives, including novel variants, in England, 1998–2017.MethodsCase reports from the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths (NPSAD) where a pharmaceutical fentanyl or non‐pharmaceutical fentanyl derivative (NPFD) was found at post‐mortem and/or implicated in the death were extracted for analysis.ResultsNPSAD has received case reports detailing 298 deaths in England from 1998–2017 where a fentanyl was found at post‐mortem and/or implicated in the death. Hospital administered fentanyl is “very safe”, whereas pharmaceutical fentanyls in the community, procured either legitimately via prescription or illegitimately, carry high risk of unintentional death. Deaths involving NPFDs, which possess extreme potencies in comparison to morphine, have drastically risen over the past three years, and correlate with an increasing number of available compounds. Males, and those with existing opioid abuse disorders, are particularly susceptible to death related to NPFD intake.ConclusionsThe increasing availability of both pharmaceutical fentanyls and NPFDs represents a serious risk to public health. Unintentional misuse of these compounds in England is contributing to the exponential increase in fentanyl‐associated deaths that is being observed at the global scale.
Microbiota‐dependent and ‐independent effects of dietary fibre on human health
Authors: Cai Yang , Folkerts Jelle , Folkerts Gert , Maurer Marcus , Braber Saskia 
Published: October 2019

Dietary fibre, such as indigestible oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, occurs in many foods and has gained considerable importance related to its beneficial effects on host health and specific diseases. Dietary fibre is neither digested nor absorbed in the small intestine and modulates the composition of the gut microbiota. New evidence indicates that dietary fibre also interacts directly with the epithelium and immune cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract by microbiota‐independent effects. This review focuses on how dietary fibre improves human health and the reported health benefits that are connected to molecular pathways, in (a) a microbiota‐independent manner, via interaction with specific surface receptors on epithelial and immune cells regulating intestinal barrier and immune function, and (b) a microbiota‐dependent manner via maintaining intestinal homeostasis by promoting beneficial microbes, including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, limiting the growth, adhesion, and cytotoxicity of pathogenic microbes, as well as stimulating fibre‐derived microbial short‐chain fatty acid production.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc
The genetic script of metastasis
Authors: Jinesh Goodwin G. , Brohl Andrew S. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMetastasis is a pivotal event that changes the course of cancers from benign and treatable to malignant and difficult to treat, resulting in the demise of patients. Understanding the genetic control of metastasis is thus crucial to develop efficient and sustainable targeted therapies. Here we discuss the alterations in epigenetic mechanisms, transcription, chromosomal instability, chromosome imprinting, non‐coding RNAs, coding RNAs, mutant RNAs, enhancers, G‐quadruplexes, and copy number variation to dissect the genetic control of metastasis. We conclude that the genetic control of metastasis is predominantly executed through epithelial to mesenchymal transition and evasion of cell death. We discuss how genetic regulatory mechanisms can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes to achieve sustainable control over cancer metastasis.
Peer Victimization and Problem Behaviors: The Roles of Self‐Esteem and Parental Attachment Among Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Pan Yangu , Yang Chunyan , Liu Guangzeng , Chan Meiki , Liu Chuanxing , Zhang Dajun 
Published: October 2019

Guided by the social‐ecological diathesis–stress model, this longitudinal study examined the roles of self‐esteem, parental attachment, and gender on the association between peer victimization and problem behaviors among Chinese early adolescents. A total of 466 Chinese middle school students (Mage = 12.8 years) completed measures of peer victimization, self‐esteem, and paternal and maternal attachment twice (T1 and T2; 6‐month interval). Their guardians also completed ratings on adolescents' problem behaviors at both T1 and T2. Results indicated that self‐esteem mediated the association between peer victimization and problem behaviors. Paternal attachment, but not maternal attachment, moderated the mediating effect of self‐esteem. Moreover, the moderating effect of maternal attachment on the association between peer victimization and self‐esteem varied depending on adolescents’ gender.
Thanks but No Thanks? Gratitude and Indebtedness Within Intergenerational Relations After Immigration
Authors: Turjanmaa Elina , Jasinskaja‐Lahti Inga 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo explore how 1.5‐generation immigrant adolescents' feelings of gratitude and indebtedness toward their parents are manifested and shape their intergenerational relations after migration.BackgroundThe emotions of gratitude and indebtedness result from experiences of receiving and are central to the process of reciprocity. Although closely connected, gratitude and indebtedness are distinct and may have different consequences for intergenerational relations. The contextual nature of gratitude and indebtedness becomes particularly evident in immigration context.MethodSemistructured interviews were conducted with 80 adolescents who were 1.5‐generation immigrants. Data analysis was guided by the grounded theory approach.ResultsResults comprise an evolving theory of adolescents' gratitude and indebtedness in intergenerational relations after family migration. In immigrant families, intergenerational relations are strained by a sense of indebtedness and bolstered by a sense of gratitude. That said, gratitude and indebtedness are also associated with ambivalence and intersect to affect intergenerational relations concurrently.ConclusionEmotions of gratitude and indebtedness toward parents are often experienced by immigrant adolescents after migration regardless of their cultural or ethnic background. These emotions shape intergenerational communication in immigrant families.ImplicationsSocial workers, teachers, integration services, and anyone working with immigrant families with teenagers may benefit from better understanding how adolescents experience gratitude and indebtedness within intergenerational relations and how these emotions are associated with parent–child relationship characteristics after migration.
Land‐use controls on carbon biogeochemistry in lowland streams of the Congo Basin
Authors: Drake Travis W. , Podgorski David C. , Dinga Bienvenu , Chanton Jeffrey P. , Six Johan , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe flux and composition of carbon (C) from land to rivers represents a critical component of the global C cycle as well as a powerful integrator of landscape‐level processes. In the Congo Basin, an expansive network of streams and rivers transport and cycle terrigenous C sourced from the largest swathe of pristine tropical forest on Earth. Increasing rates of deforestation and conversion to agriculture in the Basin are altering the current regime of terrestrial‐to‐aquatic biogeochemical cycling of C. To investigate the role of deforestation on dissolved organic and inorganic C (DOC and DIC, respectively) biogeochemistry in the Congo Basin, six lowland streams that drain catchments of varying forest proportion (12%–77%) were sampled monthly for 1 year. Annual mean concentrations of DOC exhibited an asymptotic response to forest loss, while DIC concentrations increased continuously with forest loss. The isotopic signature of DIC became significantly more enriched with deforestation, indicating a shift in source and processes controlling DIC production. The composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM), as revealed by ultra‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry, indicated that deforested catchments export relatively more aliphatic and heteroatomic DOM sourced from microbial biomass in soils. The DOM compositional results imply that DOM from the deforested sites is more biolabile than DOM from the forest, consistent with the corresponding elevated stream CO2 concentrations. In short, forest loss results in significant and comprehensive shifts in the C biogeochemistry of the associated streams. It is apparent that land‐use conversion has the potential to dramatically affect the C cycle in the Congo Basin by reducing the downstream flux of stable, vascular‐plant derived DOC while increasing the transfer of biolabile soil C to the atmosphere.
Biomonitoring of pharmacists and nurses at occupational risk from handling antineoplastic agents†
Authors: Santos Andreza Negreli , Oliveira Rodrigo Juliano , Pessatto Lucas Roberto , Gomes Roberto da Silva , Alberto Ferreira de Freitas Carlos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of genetic lesions in pharmacists and nurses who prepare and/or handle antineoplastic agents and to evaluate whether there are traces of contaminants in the urine of these professionals.MethodsA total of 59 professionals participated in the study, of which 10 were non-exposed professionals (controls), 25 were pharmacists, and 24 were nurses.Key findingsThere was a significant increase in genetic damage in lymphocytes and cells of the oral mucosa in both pharmacists and nurses. The levels of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide were also increased in the urine samples from those individuals. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the growing need for genetic biomonitoring and biomonitoring of trace antineoplastic agents in the urine of health professionals who prepare and/or handle antineoplastic agents.
Dual language input and the impact of language separation on early lexical development
Authors: Carbajal Maria Julia , Peperkamp Sharon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe examined properties of the input and the environment that characterize bilingual exposure in 11‐month‐old infants with a regular exposure to French and an additional language, and their possible effects on receptive vocabulary size. Using a diary method, we found that a majority of the families roughly followed a one‐parent–one‐language approach. Yet, the two languages co‐occurred to various extents within the same half‐hour both within and across speakers. We used exploratory correlation analyses to examine potential effects of the dual input on the size of infants’ vocabularies. The results revealed some evidence for an impact of language separation by speakers.
Analysis of survival and factors associated with failure of primary tooth pulpectomies performed under general anaesthesia in children from South China
Authors: Chen Yu , Li Huixian , Li Mianxiang , Yang Liuqing , Sun Qiyin , Chen Ke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPulpectomy is a technique recommended for treatment of irreversible pulp inflammation or necrosis. Treatment‐related variables and patient factors may affect the prognosis of pulpectomy.AimTo investigate the survival and related predictors associated with failure of pulpectomies performed under general anaesthesia for early childhood caries.DesignDental records of 124 patients, who underwent pulpectomy as part of comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia, were reviewed and assessed. Relapse of pulpitis and periodontal periodontitis were evaluated by clinical examination and periapical film assessment at each follow‐up appointment after original treatment.ResultsA total of 389 teeth of 124 children were evaluated. By the end of the fourth year, 45% of teeth with pulpitis and 46% of teeth with periapical periodontitis were estimated to relapse; the median (interquartile range) number of years to relapse was 3.5 (3.4‐3.8) and 3.0 (1.8‐3.0) years, respectively. The follow‐up frequency, number of teeth extracted, plaque index, tooth position, type of restoration, pulp status, and quality of root canal filling were observed to have independent effects on relapse.ConclusionRecurrence came earlier in teeth diagnosed with periapical periodontitis than those with pulpitis. Both treatment‐related variables and patient factors could affect the prognosis of pulpectomy.
Ride sharing with flexible participants: a metaheuristic approach for large‐scale problems
Authors: Smet Pieter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSevere traffic congestion and growing ecological consciousness have led to the rise of alternative transportation systems. Ride sharing is one such alternative in which drivers and passengers with similar time schedules and travel plans are matched. For this service to be effective, a large number of users are required to increase the probability of finding suitable travel partners. The present paper proposes a late acceptance metaheuristic to decide which users act as drivers and to construct their routes. The underlying optimization model allows passengers to walk to/from alternative pickup/drop‐off locations so as to further exploit user flexibility. A computational study quantifies the impact of different types of participant flexibility on CO2 emissions. These insights can inform and support policymakers in organizing effective ride‐sharing systems.
The Russian Excellence Initiative for higher education: a nonparametric evaluation of short‐term results
Authors: Agasisti Tommaso , Shibanova Ekaterina , Platonova Daria , Lisyutkin Mikhail 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis research studies the short‐term effects of the Russian Excellence Initiative Project 5–100 on participating universities. To trace the effect, we develop a quasi‐experimental methodology. A control group of universities comparable to the Project 5–100 universities at the starting point of the program's implementation was singled out using propensity score matching. Data envelopment analysis was conducted, and the Malmquist productivity index was calculated to trace how and why the efficiency of the “participants” and “nonparticipants” of the Project 5–100 has changed. We find statistically significant positive effects of the policy both on the productivity and on the efficiency of the participating universities.
Investigation of room‐temperature super‐stabilized suspension casting system mechanism
Authors: Marsico Carli A. , Orlicki Joshua A. , Blair Victoria L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe investigation of a novel gel‐casting system using a water‐soluble co‐polymer of isobutylene and maleic anhydride (trade name ISOBAM) to elucidate its nontraditional gelling mechanism is described. This system enables ceramic slurries to gel at low binder concentrations (0.3‐0.5 wt%), producing a dense, near‐net shaped green body with high solids loading, low organic content, low shrinkage, and moderate strength. The nature of the stabilizing bonds formed during gelation were investigated using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, and rheological measurements which revealed that no covalent network was formed during gelation. It was concluded that the mechanism was based solely on weak interactions. As such, the ISOBAM casting system, and polymeric additive systems that behave similarly, represent a new class of near net‐shaped ceramic processing which could benefit a variety of applications, including ceramic additive manufacturing.
Ceritinib‐associated hyperglycemia in the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database
Authors: Fujita Haruka , Murakami Takaaki , Tomoike Fumiaki , Yabe Daisuke , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGenetic rearrangements of anaplastic lymphoma kinase contribute to the pathogenesis of non‐small‐cell lung cancer; the anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor, ceritinib, is widely used, as it is effective even in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer resistant to other anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors. Although a case of possible ceritinib‐induced hyperglycemia was reported, the association of ceritinib with hyperglycemia remains to be investigated. Disproportionality analysis was carried out using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database, which contains all pharmacovigilance data based on spontaneous reports of adverse events between April 2004 and November 2018 to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. The reporting odds ratio of ceritinib for hyperglycemia was 2.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–4.08], whereas those of crizotinib and alectinib were 0.07 (95% CI 0.01–0.40) and 0.94 (95% CI 0.30–2.94), respectively. Among reported events without antidiabetes agent use, the reporting odds ratio of ceritinib was still 2.54 (95% CI 1.27–5.12). Thus, the possibility of hyperglycemia should be carefully monitored in patients receiving ceritinib.
Influence of Preparation Depth and Design on Stress Distribution in Maxillary Central Incisors Restored with Ceramic Veneers: A 3D Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Tsouknidas Alexandros , Karaoglani Eleni , Michailidis Nikolaos , Kugiumtzis Dimitris , Pissiotis Argiris , Michalakis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the influence of different preparation designs and depths on the stress field developed in maxillary central incisors restored with veneers made with different ceramic materials using finite element analysis (FEA).Materials and MethodsA linear static three‐dimensional finite element analysis model was used with the aid of reverse engineering to develop digital models of maxillary central incisors restored with ceramic veneers, according to two different preparation depths (thin vs deep) and two different preparation designs (feather edge vs butt joint). Three ceramic systems were tested: (i) feldspathic porcelain, (ii) heat pressed glass ceramic IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar Vivadent AG), and (iii) heat pressed glass ceramic IPS e.max‐Press (Ivoclar Vivadent AG). Each model was subjected to a compressive force of 200N applied to the palatal surface 2 mm below the incisal edge. The longitudinal axis of the restored tooth formed an angle of 130o with the direction of the force. The biomechanical behavior of the different models was examined according to the von Mises stress criterion. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric confidence interval estimation using bootstrapping.ResultsThe maximum observed stress values were calculated and found to be similar between prepared and intact teeth. The cervical margin of the veneers displayed the highest von Mises stress values. Irrespectively of the depth and preparation design, the biggest von Mises stress values were observed at the veneer structures with the following order: (i) IPS Empress 2, (ii) IPS e.max‐Press, (iii) feldspathic (p = 0.001). Preparation depth resulted in statistically significant differences (p = 0.001) in the stress distribution in the majority of tested structures. As the preparation depth was increased, the stresses within the veneer structure and the tooth structures were decreased. No statistically significant differences were detected in the stresses among the different restored models, when the preparation design was considered.ConclusionsThis FEA study suggests that ceramic veneers could restore the biomechanical behavior of prepared central incisors and made it similar of that of an intact tooth. Regardless of the preparation depth and design and the ceramic system used, the cervical margin of ceramic veneers presents the highest von Mises stress values. When feldspathic porcelain was compared with lithium disilicate (IPS e.max Press), the latter displayed the lowest transfer of stresses to dental tissues. An increase in preparation depth resulted in a statistically significant stress decrease in both the veneer and the tooth.