bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schizophrenia phenomenology revisited: positive and negative symptoms are strongly related reflective manifestations of an underlying single trait indicating overall severity of schizophrenia
Authors: Almulla Abbas F. , Al-Hakeim Hussein K. , Maes Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo examine whether negative symptoms, psychosis, hostility, excitation, and mannerism (PHEM symptoms), formal thought disorders (FTD) and psychomotor retardation (PMR) are interrelated phenomena in major neurocognitive psychosis (MNP) or deficit schizophrenia and whether those domains belong to an underlying latent vector reflecting general psychopathology.MethodsIn this study, we recruited 120 patients with MNP or deficit schizophrenia and 54 healthy subjects and measured the above-mentioned symptom domains.ResultsIn MNP, there were significant associations between negative and PHEM symptoms, FTD and PMR. A single latent trait, which is essentially unidimensional, underlies these key domains of schizophrenia and MNP and additionally shows excellent internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and predictive relevance. Confirmatory Tedrad Analysis indicates that this latent vector fits a reflective model. The lack of discriminant validity shows that positive (and PHEM or psychotic) and negative symptoms greatly overlap and probably measure the same latent construct. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) shows that MNP (diagnosis based on negative symptoms) is better modeled using PHEM symptoms, FTD, and PMR than negative symptoms.ConclusionsIn stable phase MNP, which is a restricted sample of the schizophrenia population, negative and PHEM symptoms, FTD and PMR belong to one underlying latent vector reflecting overall severity of schizophrenia (OSOS). The bi-dimensional concept of “positive” and “negative” symptoms cannot be validated and, therefore, future research in stable phase schizophrenia should consider that the latent phenomenon OSOS as well as its reflective manifestations are the key factors of schizophrenia phenomenology.
When economic and cultural interests align: the anti-immigration voter coalitions driving far right party success in Europe
Authors: Halikiopoulou Daphne , Vlandas Tim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article contests the view that the strong positive correlation between anti-immigration attitudes and far right party success necessarily constitutes evidence in support of the cultural grievance thesis. We argue that the success of far right parties depends on their ability to mobilize a coalition of interests between their core supporters, that is voters with cultural grievances over immigration and the often larger group of voters with economic grievances over immigration. Using individual level data from eight rounds of the European Social Survey, our empirical analysis shows that while cultural concerns over immigration are a stronger predictor of far right party support, those who are concerned with the impact of immigration on the economy are important to the far right in numerical terms. Taken together, our findings suggest that economic grievances over immigration remain pivotal within the context of the transnational cleavage.
Erfassung des Selbstkonzepts von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Perri Daniela , Dose Christina , Görtz-Dorten Anja , Woitecki Katrin , Breuer Dieter , Döpfner Manfred 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Das Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) ist international weit verbreitet und erhebt das Selbstkonzept von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Fragestellung: Die psychometrischen Eigenschaften einer modifizierten Version werden für eine deutsche klinische Stichprobe ( N = 195; Altersbereich 6 – 18 Jahre) geprüft. Methode: Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen, Reliabilitäts- sowie Validitätsanalysen zur divergenten, konvergenten und differentiellen Validität werden durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Das Bifaktormodell und das Modell mit fünf korrelierten Faktoren zeigen die besten Fit-Indizes. Die internen Konsistenzen der Skalen sind zufriedenstellend. Die Omega-Statistiken verdeutlichen psychometrische Schwächen der Subskalen. Hinweise zur konvergenten, divergenten und differentiellen Validität werden gefunden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die modifizierte Fassung des SPPC ist für die Erfassung des Selbstkonzepts von Kindern und Jugendlichen einer klinischen Stichprobe geeignet; Adaptionen zur Optimierung der Güte werden diskutiert.
Kurzversion des Bielefelder Fragebogens zu Partnerschaftserwartungen (BFPE-12)
Authors: Altmann Uwe , Brähler Elmar , Zenger Markus , Tibubos Ana Nanette , Brenk-Franz Katja , Strauss Bernhard 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Kurzfassung des Bielefelder Fragebogens zu Partnerschaftserwartungen (BFPE-12) ist ein Selbstrating zur Messung partnerschaftsbezogener Bindungsaspekte. Neben der Messung der Dimensionen Akzeptanzprobleme, Öffnungsbereitschaft und Zuwendungsbedürfnis können Personen Bindungsmustern zugewiesen werden. Die vorliegende Studie evaluiert Faktorenstruktur und psychometrische Eigenschaften des Instruments anhand einer aktuellen bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Stichprobe. Die Stichprobe umfasst N = 1574 Personen. Es wurden soziodemographische Variablen, der BFPE-12, die Kurzform des Depressive Experiences Questionnaire Self-Criticism sowie der Patient Health Questionnaire-4 erhoben. Es wurden explorative und konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen durchgeführt und interne Konsistenz, Itemstatistiken und Korrelationen mit Außenkriterien bestimmt. Explorative und konfirmatorische Faktorenanalyse bestätigten die angenommene Faktorenstruktur (RMSEA < .08). Die interne Konsistenz der drei Skalen war akzeptabel (α > .7). Starke Akzeptanzprobleme und geringe Öffnungsbereitschaft korrelierten hypothesenkonform mit Selbstkritik, Ängstlichkeit und Depressivität. z-Werte, t-Werte und Prozentränge werden berichtet. Insgesamt kann für den BFPE-12 konstatiert werden, dass er eine mehrfach evaluierte Faktorenstruktur und akzeptable psychometrische Eigenschaften aufweist.
Determining the Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Contribution to the Observed Intensification of Extreme Precipitation
Authors: Paik Seungmok , Min Seung‐Ki , Zhang Xuebin , Donat Markus G. , King Andrew D. , Sun Qiaohong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study conducts a detection and attribution analysis of the observed changes in extreme precipitation during 1951–2015. Observed and CMIP6 multimodel simulated changes in annual maximum daily and consecutive 5‐day precipitation are compared using an optimal fingerprinting technique for different spatial scales from global land, Northern Hemisphere extratropics, tropics, three continental regions (North America and western and eastern Eurasia), and global “dry” and “wet” land areas (as defined by their average extreme precipitation intensities). Results indicate that anthropogenic greenhouse gas influence is robustly detected in the observed intensification of extreme precipitation over the global land and most of the subregions considered, all with clear separation from natural and anthropogenic aerosol forcings. Also, the human‐induced greenhouse gas increases are found to be a dominant contributor to the observed increase in extreme precipitation intensity, which largely follows the increased moisture availability under global warming.
Experimental Investigation of Natural Fracture Stiffness and Flow Properties in a Faulted CO2Bypass System (Utah, USA)
Authors: Skurtveit Elin , Sundal Anja , Bjørnarå Tore Ingvald , Soldal Magnus , Sauvin Guillaume , Zuchuat Valentin , Midtkandal Ivar , Braathen Alvar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFracture stiffness and flow properties have been measured in the laboratory using naturally fractured fault rock samples from the Little Grand Wash fault, Utah, USA. We compare fracture closure and related flow change during isotropic loading of two fractures which have been subject to various amounts of paleoreactive flow. The two tested fractures are described as (i) a small‐aperture fracture (0.1 mm) with negligible geochemical alterations of the fracture surface and (ii) a large‐aperture fracture (0.53 mm) where precipitates are observed on the fracture surface. X‐ray imaging is used for quantification of fracture aperture and fracture surface contact distribution. The petrographical characterization using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray powder diffraction is performed pretest and describes burial and uplift diagenesis as well as pulses of reactive fluid flow within the fault. The stress‐dependent flow and deformation experiment provides new data on fracture stiffness and flow for naturally developed fractures in siliciclastic rock. Fracture stiffness is found to be highest for the small‐aperture fracture due to its high‐fracture contact ratio and well‐developed surface mating during closure. For the naturally altered and rougher, large‐aperture fracture, fracture stiffness is lower and a highly stress dependent decay in flow is observed during initial closure. The results illustrate that a natural fracture with high contact ratio and well‐mated surfaces will close during loading, whereas a fracture associated with high flow rates and affected by previous geochemical alteration maintains a high flow rate compared to the host rock during similar loading.
Simulation and Prediction of Storm Surges and Waves Using a Fully Integrated Process Model and a Parametric Cyclonic Wind Model
Authors: Ding Yan , Ding Taide , Rusdin Andi , Zhang Yaoxin , Jia Yafei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a fully integrated coastal process model and a simple parametric cyclonic wind‐pressure model for simulation of wind, storm surges, waves, tidal currents, and river flows. By sharing one computational grid within all those process modules and no need for switching executable codes from one module to another, this full‐coupling feature eliminates possible errors and loss of information due to interpolation and extrapolation of variables between different grids. To generate better cyclonic wind speed and barometric pressure, this parametric wind model includes nonlinear decay effect on wind intensity after hurricane's landfall. By implementing a new wind energy source term, the wave action model is capable of computing wave growth, propagation, and deformation through a regional‐scale domain from deepwater to shallow waters. Model validation and model skill assessment were performed by hindcasting wind, storm surges, waves, and river flows during Hurricane Gustav (2008) by using a high‐resolution grid covering the northern Gulf Coast. With improved wind fields estimated by the new parametric wind model, this fully integrated process model produced high‐quality wavefields in deep and shallow waters and storm tidal levels in the northern Gulf Coasts. Because of computing efficiency provided by seamless integration of process modules and optimized numerical solution schemes, faster‐than‐real‐time predictions of storm surges for the advisories during Hurricane Isaac (2012) were achieved by running the validated model in a desktop computer.
How Rapidly Do the Southern Subtropical Oceans Respond to Wind Stress Changes?
Authors: Waugh Darryn W. , Haine Thomas W. N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe response time of the southern subtropical oceans to an increase in the wind stress is examined in a climate model simulation where there is an abrupt increase in the wind stress. The ocean response time is shown to vary among fields: The intensification of the gyres and vertical movement of isopycnals happens over 5–10 years, while the change in ideal age, temperature, and salinity in mode and intermediate waters occurs much slower, with the response time exceeding 100 years at depths of 500–1,000 m. While the response time for ideal age is longer than that for the surface circulation, it is notable that it is much younger than the ideal age itself. The different response times indicate that changes in the winds over the southern oceans and in the horizontal circulation/density structure will occur near simultaneously, but there may be a substantial lag in subsurface changes from wind changes, and these changes may persist for decades even if no further changes in the winds occur.
The R2R3-MYB transcription factor GhMYB1a regulates flavonol and anthocyanin accumulation in Gerbera hybrida
Authors: Zhong Chunmei , Tang Yi , Pang Bin , Li Xukun , Yang Yuping , Deng Jing , Feng Chengyong , Li Lingfei , Ren Guiping , Wang Yaqin , Peng Jianzong , Sun Shulan , Liang Shan , Wang Xiaojing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnthocyanins and flavonols have vital roles in flower coloration, plant development, and defense. Because anthocyanins and flavonols share the same subcellular localization and common biosynthetic substrates, these pathways may compete for substrates. However, the mechanism regulating this potential competition remains unclear. Here, we identified GhMYB1a, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor involved in the regulation of anthocyanin and flavonol accumulation in gerbera (Gerberahybrida). GhMYB1a shares high sequence similarity with that of other characterized regulators of flavonol biosynthesis. In addition, GhMYB1a is also phylogenetically grouped with these proteins. The overexpression of GhMYB1a in gerbera and tobacco (Nicotianatabacum) resulted in decreased anthocyanin accumulation and increased accumulation of flavonols by upregulating the structural genes involved in flavonol biosynthesis. We further found that GhMYB1a functions as a homodimer instead of interacting with basic helix-loop-helix cofactors. These results suggest that GhMYB1a is involved in regulating the anthocyanin and flavonol metabolic pathways through precise regulation of gene expression. The functional characterization of GhMYB1a provides insight into the biosynthesis and regulation of flavonols and anthocyanins.
Effects of climate and land-use changes on fish catches across lakes at a global scale
Authors: Kao Yu-Chun , Rogers Mark W. , Bunnell David B. , Cowx Ian G. , Qian Song S. , Anneville Orlane , Beard T. Douglas , Brinker Alexander , Britton J. Robert , Chura-Cruz René , Gownaris Natasha J. , Jackson James R. , Kangur Külli , Kolding Jeppe , Lukin Anatoly A. , Lynch Abigail J. , Mercado-Silva Norman , Moncayo-Estrada Rodrigo , Njaya Friday J. , Ostrovsky Ilia , Rudstam Lars G. , Sandström Alfred L. E. , Sato Yuichi , Siguayro-Mamani Humberto , Thorpe Andy , van Zwieten Paul A. M. , Volta Pietro , Wang Yuyu , Weiperth András , Weyl Olaf L. F. , Young Joelle D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlobally, our knowledge on lake fisheries is still limited despite their importance to food security and livelihoods. Here we show that fish catches can respond either positively or negatively to climate and land-use changes, by analyzing time-series data (1970–2014) for 31 lakes across five continents. We find that effects of a climate or land-use driver (e.g., air temperature) on lake environment could be relatively consistent in directions, but consequential changes in a lake-environmental factor (e.g., water temperature) could result in either increases or decreases in fish catch in a given lake. A subsequent correlation analysis indicates that reductions in fish catch was less likely to occur in response to potential climate and land-use changes if a lake is located in a region with greater access to clean water. This finding suggests that adequate investments for water-quality protection and water-use efficiency can provide additional benefits to lake fisheries and food security.
Survival chances of a prey swarm: how the cooperative interaction range affects the outcome
Authors: Chakraborty Dipanjan , Bhunia Sanchayan , De Rumi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA swarm of prey, when attacked by a predator, is known to rely on their cooperative interactions to escape. Understanding such interactions of collectively moving prey and the emerging patterns of their escape trajectories still remain elusive. In this paper, we investigate how the range of cooperative interactions within a prey group affects the survival chances of the group while chased by a predator. As observed in nature, the interaction range of prey may vary due to their vision, age, or even physical structure. Based on a simple theoretical prey-predator model, here, we show that an optimality criterion for survival can be established on the interaction range of prey. Very short-range or long-range interactions are shown to be inefficient for the escape mechanism. Interestingly, for an intermediate range of interaction, the survival probability of the prey group is found to be maximum. Our analysis also shows that the nature of the escape trajectories strongly depends on the range of interactions between prey and corroborates with the naturally observed escape patterns. Moreover, we find that the optimal survival interaction regime varies depending on the prey group size and also on the strength of the predator and the prey interactions.
Environmental DNA can act as a biodiversity barometer of anthropogenic pressures in coastal ecosystems
Authors: DiBattista Joseph D. , Reimer James D. , Stat Michael , Masucci Giovanni D. , Biondi Piera , De Brauwer Maarten , Wilkinson Shaun P. , Chariton Anthony A. , Bunce Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLoss of biodiversity from lower to upper trophic levels reduces overall productivity and stability of coastal ecosystems in our oceans, but rarely are these changes documented across both time and space. The characterisation of environmental DNA (eDNA) from sediment and seawater using metabarcoding offers a powerful molecular lens to observe marine biota and provides a series of ‘snapshots’ across a broad spectrum of eukaryotic organisms. Using these next-generation tools and downstream analytical innovations including machine learning sequence assignment algorithms and co-occurrence network analyses, we examined how anthropogenic pressures may have impacted marine biodiversity on subtropical coral reefs in Okinawa, Japan. Based on 18 S ribosomal RNA, but not ITS2 sequence data due to inconsistent amplification for this marker, as well as proxies for anthropogenic disturbance, we show that eukaryotic richness at the family level significantly increases with medium and high levels of disturbance. This change in richness coincides with compositional changes, a decrease in connectedness among taxa, an increase in fragmentation of taxon co-occurrence networks, and a shift in indicator taxa. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the ability of eDNA to act as a barometer of disturbance and provide an exemplar of how biotic networks and coral reefs may be impacted by anthropogenic activities.
Tunable Fe3O4 Nanorods for Enhanced Magnetic Hyperthermia Performance
Authors: Yang Yongxiu , Huang Mengwei , Qian Jinmei , Gao Daqiang , Liang Xiaolei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMagnetic hyperthermia is one of the most promising techniques for treating gynecological cancer, where magnetite (Fe3O4) is the most common nanomaterial used as a magnetic hyperthermia agent. Here, we demonstrate that optimal Fe3O4 nanorods (NRs) can act as a magnetic hyperthermia agent with higher specific absorption rate (SAR), which is mostly attributed to their enhanced surface anisotropy. As a result, Fe3O4 NRs could effectively hinder the growth of gynecological cancer cells in nude mice models, again demonstrating its good magnetic heating properties. These results provide a powerful basis for the development of an ideal magnetic hyperthermia agent with enhanced SAR, thereby effectively treating gynecological cancer in clinical practice.
Multi-omic signatures identify pan-cancer classes of tumors beyond tissue of origin
Authors: González-Reymúndez Agustín , Vázquez Ana I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite recent advances in treatment, cancer continues to be one of the most lethal human maladies. One of the challenges of cancer treatment is the diversity among similar tumors that exhibit different clinical outcomes. Most of this variability comes from wide-spread molecular alterations that can be summarized by omic integration. Here, we have identified eight novel tumor groups (C1-8) via omic integration, characterized by unique cancer signatures and clinical characteristics. C3 had the best clinical outcomes, while C2 and C5 had poorest. C1, C7, and C8 were upregulated for cellular and mitochondrial translation, and relatively low proliferation. C6 and C4 were also downregulated for cellular and mitochondrial translation, and had high proliferation rates. C4 was represented by copy losses on chromosome 6, and had the highest number of metastatic samples. C8 was characterized by copy losses on chromosome 11, having also the lowest lymphocytic infiltration rate. C6 had the lowest natural killer infiltration rate and was represented by copy gains of genes in chromosome 11. C7 was represented by copy gains on chromosome 6, and had the highest upregulation in mitochondrial translation. We believe that, since molecularly alike tumors could respond similarly to treatment, our results could inform therapeutic action.
The time course of the onset and recovery of axial length changes in response to imposed defocus
Authors: Delshad Samaneh , Collins Michael J. , Read Scott A. , Vincent Stephen J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe human eye is capable of responding to the presence of blur by changing its axial length, so that the retina moves towards the defocused image plane. We measured how quickly the eye length changed in response to both myopic and hyperopic defocus and how quickly the eye length changed when the defocus was removed. Axial length was measured at baseline and every 10 minutes during 1 hour of exposure to monocular defocus (right eye) with the left eye optimally corrected for two defocus conditions (+3 D and −3 D) and a control condition. Recovery was measured for 20 minutes after blur removal. A rapid increase in axial length was observed after exposure (~2 minutes) to hyperopic defocus (+7 ± 5 μm, p < 0.001) while the reduction in axial length with myopic defocus was slower and only statistically significant after 40 minutes (−8 ± 9 μm, p = 0.017). The eye length also recovered toward baseline levels during clear vision more rapidly following hyperopic than myopic defocus (p < 0.0001). These findings provide evidence that the human eye is able to detect and respond to the presence and sign of blur within minutes.
Investigating face and house discrimination at foveal to parafoveal locations reveals category-specific characteristics
Authors: Kreichman Olga , Bonneh Yoram S. , Gilaie-Dotan Sharon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince perceptual and neural face sensitivity is associated with a foveal bias, and neural place sensitivity is associated with a peripheral bias (integration over space), we hypothesized that face perception ability will decline more with eccentricity than place perception ability. We also wanted to examine whether face perception ability would show a left visual field (LeVF) bias due to earlier reports suggesting right hemisphere dominance for faces, or would show an upper or lower visual field bias. Participants performed foveal and parafoveal face and house discrimination tasks for upright or inverted stimuli (≤4°) while their eye movements were monitored. Low-level visual tasks were also measured. The eccentricity-related accuracy reductions were evident for all categories. Through detailed analyses we found (i) a robust face inversion effect across the parafovea, while for houses an opposite effect was found, (ii) higher eccentricity-related sensitivity for face performance than for house performance (via inverted vs. upright within-category eccentricity-driven reductions), (iii) within-category but not across-category performance associations across eccentricities, and (iv) no hemifield biases. Our central to parafoveal investigations suggest that high-level vision processing may be reflected in behavioural performance.