bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of age and neurofibromatosis type 1 status on white matter integrity in the optic radiations
Authors: de Blank Peter , Berman Jeffrey I , Prelack Marisa , Sollee John R , Lane Adam , Waldman Amy T , Fisher Michael J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have decreased white matter integrity, but differences in children with NF1 have not been described. Defining normal values for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, especially in the optic radiations, is important to the development of DTI as a potential biomarker of visual acuity in children with optic pathway glioma. This study examines the effect of age and NF1 status on DTI measures in children.

Methods
In this retrospective study, MR imaging including DTI was conducted in 93 children (40 children with NF1 and 53 healthy controls) between 0 and 14 years of age. Regression models of age, sex, and NF1 status on DTI measures were evaluated, and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) compared DTI measures in age-matched NF1 to non-NF1 cohorts.

Results
Fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity in white matter tracts of the optic radiations varied with age and were best modeled by a logarithmic function. Age-related DTI measure change was different in NF1 versus non-NF1 subjects. Normal values and 95% confidence intervals for age 0.5–12 years were derived for both groups. Differences in DTI measures between NF1 and non-NF1 groups at a range of ages were shown diffusely throughout the cerebral white matter using TBSS.

Conclusions
Children with NF1 demonstrate increased diffusion throughout the brain compared to children without NF1 suggesting a potentially altered developmental trajectory of optic radiation microstructure. Defining normal values for white matter integrity in children with NF1 may help target early intervention efforts in this vulnerable group.
Skewed peripheral B- and T-cell compartments in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: London Jonathan , Dumoitier Nicolas , Lofek Sébastien , Dion Jérémie , Chaigne Benjamin , Mocek Julie , Thieblemont Nathalie , Cohen Pascal , Le Jeunne Claire , Guillevin Loïc , Witko-Sarsat Véronique , Varin-Blank Nadine , Terrier Benjamin , Mouthon Luc ,   for the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG)
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize lymphocytes dysregulation in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).MethodsUsing flow cytometry, we analysed B- and T-cell subsets in peripheral blood from 37 untreated patients with active disease (29 GPA and 8 MPA) and 22 healthy controls (HCs).ResultsGPA patients had increased Th2 (1.8 vs 1.0%, P = 0.02), Th9 (1.1 vs 0.2%, P = 0.0007) and Th17 (1.4 vs 0.9%, P = 0.03) cells compared with HC. Patients with MPO-ANCAs had significantly more CD21– B cells than HC or PR3-ANCA patients (6.9 vs 3.3% and 4.4%, P = 0.01). CD69 expressing B cells were significantly higher in GPA and MPA (3.0 and 5.9 vs 1.4%, P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively) compared with HC, whereas B-cell activating factor-receptor expression was decreased in GPA and MPA (median fluorescence intensity ratio 11.8 and 13.7 vs 45.1 in HC, P &lt; 0.0001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Finally, IL-6-producing B cells were increased in GPA vs HC (25.8 vs 14.9%, P &lt; 0.0001) and decreased in MPA vs HC (4.6 vs 14.9%, P = 0.005), whereas TNF-α-producing B cells were lower in both GPA and MPA patients compared with controls (15 and 8.4 vs 30%, P = 0.01 and P = 0.006, respectively).ConclusionSkewed T-cell polarization towards Th2, Th9 and Th17 responses characterizes GPA, whereas B-cell populations are dysregulated in both GPA and MPA with an activated phenotype and a decreased B-cell activating factor-receptor expression. Finally, inflammatory B cells producing IL-6 are dramatically increased in GPA, providing an additional mechanism by which rituximab could be effective.
Exploring Latinx Youth Experiences of Digital Dating Abuse
Authors: Reed Lauren A , McCullough Cosgrove Jenny , Sharkey Jill D , Felix Erika 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Digital dating abuse (DDA), which is the use of social media and mobile phones to abuse a dating partner, is a common and harmful form of dating violence among youths. To date, this issue has not been studied among Latinx youths. The current study examined DDA among a sample of 70 Latinx youths with dating experience, using survey data on participants’ experiences with traditional forms of offline dating violence, DDA victimization and perpetration, healthy relationship knowledge, and self-reported conflict resolution skills. Results showed that Latinx youths experienced DDA and that there was a strong link between DDA and offline forms of dating abuse. Most participants reported high levels of healthy relationship knowledge and conflict resolution skills, but results indicated a link between DDA experience and fewer positive conflict resolution behaviors. The study has implications for the assessment and prevention of DDA among diverse populations of youths, supports the incorporation of conflict resolution skills in dating violence prevention efforts, and calls for future research on the cultural context of DDA among Latinx youths.
Identifying behavior change techniques for inclusion in a complex intervention targeting antipsychotic prescribing to nursing home residents with dementia
Authors: Walsh Kieran A , Timmons Suzanne , Byrne Stephen , Browne John , Mc Sharry Jenny 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNursing home residents with dementia are commonly prescribed antipsychotics despite the associated increased risk of harms. Interventions to optimize prescribing practice have been found to be effective in the short term, but there is a lack of evidence to support sustainability of effects, along with a lack of theory, public involvement, and transparency in the intervention development process. Using theory has been advocated as a means of improving intervention sustainability. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify behavior change techniques (BCTs) for inclusion in a complex intervention targeting antipsychotic prescribing to nursing home residents with dementia. A comprehensive approach to identifying a long list of all potential BCTs from three different sources was undertaken. The most appropriate BCTs were then selected through a two-round Delphi consensus survey with a broad range of experts (n = 18 panelists). Advisory groups of people with dementia, family carers, and professional stakeholders provided feedback on the final BCTs included. After two Delphi survey rounds, agreement was reached on 22 BCTs. Further refinement of the selected BCTs based on advisory group and panelists’ feedback, along with use of the APEASE criteria (Affordability, Practicability, Effectiveness, Acceptability, Side effects/safety, and Equity) resulted in a final list of 16 BCTs. The next step in intervention development will be to identify the most appropriate mode of delivery of the 16 BCTs identified for inclusion. The study provides a case example of a systematic approach to incorporating evidence with stakeholder views in the identification of appropriate BCTs.
Surgical Outcomes of a Second Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implant for the Treatment of Refractory Glaucoma
Authors: Becerril-Cazadero Roxana , Seibold Leonard K. , Turati-Acosta Mauricio , Jiménez-Roman Jesus , Fabre-Miranda Karina , Han Ying , Lazcano-Gomez Gabriel 
Published: June 2020

Précis:In this article, the authors concluded that an additional Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation after the failure of an initial AGV, even with the addition of glaucoma medications, maybe a good surgical treatment option for refractory glaucoma.Purpose:To evaluate the surgical outcomes of a second AGV implant in Hispanic patients with refractory glaucoma.Materials and Methods:The medical records of patients who underwent a second AGV implant were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical outcome measures including intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, and glaucoma medication use were collected from the preoperative visit and all follow-up visits up to 18 months after surgery. Failure was defined as one of the following: loss of light perception, sustained IOP >21 or <6 mm Hg, an IOP reduction of <20% from baseline, need for additional glaucoma surgery, including needling revision with subconjunctival adjuvant therapy, or valve extrusion.Results:A total of 48 patients were included. In all cases, an S-2 model was implanted in the superonasal quadrant. Mean preoperative IOP was 24.3±7.9 mm Hg and was significantly reduced to 13.9±4.8 at 6 months (P<0.05), 15.4±7.2 at 12 months (P<0.05), and 12.9±2.0 at 18 months (P<0.05). Mean glaucoma medications were reduced from 2.8±1.1 preoperatively to 1.9±1.2 at 6 months (P<0.05), 2.4±1.2 at 12 months, and 2.2±1.1 at 18 months; however, the difference was no longer statistically significant after 6 months, and the success rate was 60% at the mean for survival time of 15 months (13.7 to 16.5).Conclusion:The findings of this study demonstrate that a second AGV can achieve a significant reduction in IOP for up to 18 months postoperatively.
Role of 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography in prognostication and management of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Yadav Divya , Shamim Shamim Ahmed , Rastogi Sameer , Upadhyay D.M. Rituraj , Pandey Anil Kumar , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: June 2020

Aim
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare tumors arising from a peripheral nerve or in extraneural soft tissue which shows high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. They can arise de-novo or through malignant transformation in neurofibromatosis (NF-1). The purpose of our study is to evaluate potential role of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) in prognostication and management of MPNSTs.

Materials and methods
We have performed a retrospective analysis in patients of MPNSTs who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for staging and restaging. Standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVmean) and texture parameters (calculated using radiomics package version 0.1.3) were measured for primary/recurrent lesions and were compared between two groups based on presence of event (recurrence/progression). Student t-test was applied for comparative analyses using the SPSS software package (version 23.0; IBM), with a significance level of 0.05.

Results
Thirty patients (17 male, 13 female; mean age 42.7 ± 15.66 years) were included, who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging (n = 10) and restaging (n = 20). Change in management was observed in four patients at baseline and in three patients in follow-up imaging for response assessment, who had progressive disease which prompted treatment intensification. SUVmax of primary/recurrent lesion showed correlation with histopathologic grade (r = 0.712, P = 0.034). Textural analysis showed more heterogeneity in lesions in the high-risk group with recurrence and progression.

Conclusion

18F-FDG PET/CT can be used for staging and restaging in MPNSTs leading to change in management. Texture analysis and quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters can help in prognostication at both baseline and relapse.
Optimal Treatment for Octogenarians With Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Satoi Sohei , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Uchida Kazushige , Fujii Tsutomu , Kin Toshifumi , Hirano Satoshi , Hanada Keiji , Itoi Takao , Murakami Yoshiaki , Igarashi Hisato , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Kuroki Tamotsu , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Tani Masaji , Tanno Satoshi , Tsuji Yoshihisa , Hirooka Yoshiki , Masamune Atsushi , Shimokawa Toshio , Yamaue Hiroki , Okazaki Kazuichi 
Published: June 2020

Objectives
The objective of this study was to clarify the role of pancreatectomy for patients with resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma aged 80 years or older using a nationwide audit by the Japan Pancreas Society.

Methods
Data were collected from 39 institutions from 2007 to 2014. The primary endpoint was overall survival, and secondary endpoints were surgical outcomes and predictive factors for prognosis.

Results
Data were obtained from 556 octogenarians who underwent pancreatectomy (n = 369, 66%), chemo(radio)therapy (n = 99, 18%), and palliative therapy (n = 88, 16%). Median survival times were 20.6, 18.6, and 8.8 months in each group, respectively. Even after propensity score matching, median survival time in the surgery group (22.8 months) was significantly higher than that in the chemotherapy group (18.5 months; hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% confidence interval, 0.44–0.93]; P = 0.020). Significant independent prognostic factors were body mass index, lymph node metastasis, and tumor diameter in the surgery group, and serum albumin level, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, body mass index, modified Glasgow prognostic score, second-line chemotherapy, and tumor diameter in the chemotherapy group.

Conclusions
Octogenarians with resectable/borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma can be recommended for pancreatectomy according to mental and physical fitness for surgical procedures.
Measures of Dietary Fat and Energy Absorption in Healthy Adults
Authors: Bashaw Hillary , Brownell Jefferson N. , Schall Joan I. , Stallings Virginia A. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesExisting reference ranges for stool fat and energy absorption were developed using subjects in controlled environments on precise diets. This study measured energy and fat absorption in healthy, community-dwelling adults eating a moderate-to-high fat American diet via stool- and serum-based methods.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of healthy subjects recruited as the comparison group in a chronic pancreatitis study. Subjects recorded dietary intake and collected stool over 3-day periods. Stool was analyzed for fat content using the coefficient of fat absorption and for energy content using bomb calorimetry. The malabsorption blood test (MBT) was used to measure dietary fat absorption.ResultsNineteen subjects had mean daily stool measures of 143 g wet weight, 4.1 g of fat, and 178 kcal. The mean coefficients of fat and energy absorption were 96% and 93%, respectively. The mean MBT area under the curve cut-point was greater than 8 mg·h/dL.ConclusionsThis study confirms the historical reference range for the coefficient of fat absorption in contemporary healthy, community-dwelling adults on a moderate-to-high fat diet. The study contributes to the development of reference range values for multiple bomb calorimetry–based outcomes of stool energy losses and to the serum-based MBT as a promising method for measuring fat absorption.
Risk Factors for the 90-Day Prognosis Of Severe Heat Stroke: a Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhong Li , Wu Ming , Liu Zheying , Liu Yan , Ren Guangli , Su Lei , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Severe heat stroke is a clinical syndrome caused by host stress dysfunction due to heat stress and subsequent life-threatening organ dysfunction. We aimed to explore the early risk factors affecting the 90-day prognosis of severe heat stroke patients.

Methods:
A case-control study was used to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 117 severe heat stroke patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from April 2014 to May 2019. The risk factors affecting the 90-day mortality of the patients were analyzed, and subgroup analysis was performed comparing the complete recovery and the sequelae subgroups of survivors.

Results:
Thirteen patients (11.1%) died within 90 days. The multivariate Cox risk regression model showed that cooling time (HR 4.87; 95% CI: 1.94–12.18; P = 0.001), heart rate (HR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01–1.09; P = 0.027), and Sequential Organ Failure (SOFA) score (HR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.21–1.65; P < 0.001) were independent risk factors affecting the survival of patients. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of the combination of cooling time, heart rate, and SOFA score for the prediction of mortality due to severe heat stroke was 98.1% (95% CI 0.957–1.000, P < 0.001), the sensitivity was 96.2%, and the specificity was 92.3%.

Conclusions:
The longer the cooling duration, the faster the heart rate at admission, and the higher the SOFA score, the lower the 90-day survival rate was. These three indicators can be used in combination to predict 90-day mortality and poor prognosis in patients with severe heat stroke.
Superior Effects of Nebulized Epinephrine to Nebulized Albuterol and Phenylephrine in Burn and Smoke Inhalation-Induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Fukuda Satoshi , Lopez Ernesto , Ihara Koji , Niimi Yosuke , Andersen Clark R. , Jacob Sam , Cox Robert A. , Rojas Jose D. , Prough Donald S. , Enkhbaatar Perenlei 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The severity of burn and smoke inhalation-induced acute lung injury (BSI-ALI) is associated with alveolar and interstitial edema, bronchospasm, and airway mucosal hyperemia. Previously, we have reported beneficial effects of epinephrine nebulization on BSI-ALI. However, the underlying mechanisms of salutary effects of nebulized epinephrine remain unclear. The present study compared the effects of epinephrine, phenylephrine, and albuterol on a model of BSI-ALI. We tested the hypothesis that both α1- and β2-agonist effects are required for ameliorating more efficiently the BSI-ALI. Forty percent of total body surface area, 3rd-degree cutaneous burn, and 48-breaths of cotton smoke inhalation were induced to 46 female Merino sheep. Postinjury, sheep were mechanically ventilated and cardiopulmonary hemodynamics were monitored for 48 h. Sheep were allocated into groups: control, n = 17; epinephrine, n = 11; phenylephrine, n = 6; and albuterol, n = 12. The drug nebulization began 1 h postinjury and was repeated every 4 h thereafter. In the results, epinephrine group significantly improved oxygenation compared to other groups, and significantly reduced pulmonary vascular permeability index, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and lung tissue growth factor-β1 level compared with albuterol and control groups. Epinephrine and phenylephrine groups significantly reduced trachea wet-to-dry weight ratio and lung vascular endothelial growth factor-A level compared with control group. Histopathologically, epinephrine group significantly reduced lung severity scores and preserved vascular endothelial-cadherin level in pulmonary arteries. In conclusion, the results of our studies suggest that nebulized epinephrine more effectively ameliorated the severity of BSI-ALI than albuterol or phenylephrine, possibly by its combined α1- and β2-agonist properties.
Paracoxib Alleviates Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury Through Functional Modulation of Lung-Recruited CD11bloLy6Chi Monocytes
Authors: Zhang Chaofeng , Hu Shanshan , Zosky Graeme R. , Wei Xin , Shu Shuhua , Wang Di , Chai Xiaoqing 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Lung-recruited Ly6Chi monocytes had been shown to be involved in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Our present study aimed to investigate whether the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition modulates the function of lung-recruited Ly6Chi monocytes in a mouse model of VILI.

Methods:
Mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 20 ng) intraperitoneally prior to injurious mechanical ventilation (Vt = 30 mL/kg, PEEP = 0 cmH2O). A subgroup of mice was treated with intravenous parecoxib (30 mg/kg), a COX-2 inhibitor, 1 h prior to ventilation. Control mice received saline and were not ventilated. At the end of the experiment, blood gas analysis was performed and lung tissue was collected for histological assessment. Flow cytometry was employed to quantify the different populations of lung monocytes/macrophages and their function. Isolated Ly6Chi cells were used to measure the intracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) by fluorescent probes, and cytokine production by cytometric bead array.

Results:
Exposure to LPS and injurious ventilation was associated with severe lung histological damage, oxygenation impairment, and pulmonary edema; all of which were largely attenuated following the treatment of parecoxib. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis revealed that parecoxib caused a reduction in the number of the lung-recruited CD11bloLy6Chi monocytes while there was no effect on tissue-resident CD64+ alveolar macrophages. In addition, the production of oxidative stress products (ROS, NO), MHC-II expression, and inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS and VILI in CD11bloLy6Chi monocytes was ameliorated by parecoxib.

Conclusion:
Parecoxib-induced alleviation of oxidative stress and inflammation in lung-recruited Ly6Chi monocytes may partly explain the beneficial action of COX-2 inhibition in VILI.
Remote Ischemic Postconditioning Inhibits Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis and Mitophagy After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Rats
Authors: Xie Biao , Gao XuHui , Huang Yang , Zhang Yu , Zhu Shuibo 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Studies have shown that remote ischemic post-conditioning can improve brain damage caused by ischemia and hypoxia. However, the specific mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of remote ischemic post-conditioning on neuronal apoptosis and mitophagy after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in rats.

Methods:
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish an asphyxia cardiac arrest model by clamping the tracheal duct. First, the expression levels of P53, Cytochrome c (Cytc), and Parkin in the cytoplasm and mitochondria were observed at 3, 6, 24, and 72 h after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Then neurological deficit scores, hippocampal neuron apoptosis, mitochondrial P53 and Parkin, cytoplasmic Cytc, and neuron ultrastructure were evaluated 24 h after ROSC.

Results:
P53 and Parkin can translocate from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, promoting the translocation of cytoplasmic Cytc to mitochondria after CPR, reaching a peak at 24 h after the ROSC. The P53 inhibitor Pifithrin-μ reduced apoptosis induced by P53 mitochondrial translocation. Apoptosis was induced after cardiac arrest and attenuated by remote ischemic postconditioning via inhibiting P53 mitochondrial translocation and the release of Cytc to the cytoplasm. In addition, remote ischemic postconditioning could inhibit Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

Conclusion:
Taken together, our results show that remote ischemic post-conditioning improves neural function after CPR by inhibiting P53 mitochondrial translocation-induced apoptosis and Parkin-mediated mitophagy.