bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient object location determination and error analysis based on barycentric coordinates
Authors: Bodonyi Andrea , Kunkli Roland 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an efficient computational method for converting local coordinates to world coordinates using specially structured coordinate data. The problem in question is the computation of world coordinates of an object throughout a motion, assuming that we only know the changing coordinates of some fixed surrounding reference points in the local coordinate system of the object. The proposed method is based on barycentric coordinates; by taking the aforementioned static positions as the vertices of a polyhedron, we can specify the coordinates of the object in each step with the help of barycentric coordinates. This approach can significantly help us to achieve more accurate results than by using other possible methods. In the paper, we describe the problem and barycentric coordinate-based solution in detail. We then compare the barycentric method with a technique based on transformation matrices, which we also tested for solving our problem. We also present various diagrams that demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed approach in terms of precision and performance.
CT chest for COVID-19, a multicenter study—experience with 220 Egyptian patients
Authors: Sabri Youssriah Yahia , Nassef Amr A. , Ibrahim Iman Mohamed Hamdy , Abd El Mageed Mohammed Raafat , Khairy Mostafa Ahmed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 has become a national and an international pre-occupation to all doctors. Dealing with patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 is a daily markedly growing professional issue for radiologists. The number of COVID-19 cases we deal with is peaking since last March and so is our experience in recognizing the disease patterns and in assessing its severity. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of CT chest in the diagnosis of COVID-19 based on our experience with 220 Egyptian cases.

Results
A cross-sectional multicenter study involving 220 patients; 68 (30.9%) females and 152 (69.1%) males, their age range was 10-92 years (average 49.198 years). Non-contrast MSCT chest was done to patients with clinically suspected COVID-19. Data assessment and analysis for lesions probability, pattern, localization, and severity were done.
Bilateral affection was seen in 168/220 cases (76.36%). Multilobar affection was noted in 186/220 cases (84.54%). Lower lobes affection was noted in 179/220 cases (81.36%). Peripheral/subpleural affection was noted in 203/220 cases (92.27%). The common CT patterns (ground-glass opacities, consolidation, crazy paving, vascular thickening, traction bronchiectasis, vacuolar sign, architectural distortion signs, and reversed halo sign) and the uncommon CT patterns (halo sign, masses, nodules, lobar affection, tree in-bud-pattern and cysts) were discussed. Associated extra-pulmonary lesions described. Temporal changes, severity scoring, reporting, and possible pitfalls were all assessed.

Conclusion
In our experience, CT plays a basic essential role in diagnosing COVID-19 in the current declared pandemic.
Practice facilitation to implement alcohol-related care in Veterans Health Administration liver clinics: a study protocol
Authors: Frost Madeline C. , Ioannou George N. , Tsui Judith I. , Edelman E. Jennifer , Weiner Bryan J. , Fletcher Olivia V. , Williams Emily C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Alcohol-related care, including screening, brief intervention, and provision of/referral to medication or behavioral treatments for alcohol use disorder, could be delivered in liver clinics to better reach patients with chronic liver conditions. However, the provision of alcohol-related care in liver clinics is currently suboptimal. Practice facilitation is an evidence-based implementation strategy that may address barriers, harness facilitators, and optimize the implementation of alcohol-related care in liver clinic settings using a clinic-centered approach. We report the protocol of a study to test a practice facilitation intervention to implement alcohol-related care in four Veterans Health Administration liver clinics.

Methods
This study will employ a Hybrid Type 3 effectiveness-implementation design, in which implementation outcomes are considered primary and clinical outcomes secondary. Intervention and evaluation design were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Qualitative data collected from clinical stakeholders and patients were used to tailor the intervention. The intervention involves a 6-month period of external practice facilitation, including regular meetings to identify clinic goals, challenges, and solutions; engagement of clinic champions; provision of training and development of educational materials for clinic staff and patients; and performance monitoring and feedback. Ongoing formative evaluation involves the collection of quantitative facilitator tracking data and qualitative data from meeting notes and patient interviews to describe intervention acceptability, feasibility, and adoption, and adjust implementation as needed. In the summative evaluation, implementation outcomes (clinic rates of screening, brief intervention, and treatment referral/receipt) and clinical outcomes (unhealthy alcohol use, liver health) will be assessed among patients in participating clinics using secondary electronic health record data and interrupted time series analysis.

Discussion
This will be the first study to our knowledge to test practice facilitation to implement alcohol-related care in liver clinic settings. Results from formative and summative evaluation will inform a framework for the successful implementation of effective alcohol-related care through practice facilitation in liver clinics, which may ultimately lead to better health outcomes for patients with chronic liver disease.
Recent advances in mesalamine colonic delivery systems
Authors: Bayan Mohammad F. , Bayan Rana F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Increased attention has been focused on the continuous development and improvement of mesalamine colonic specific delivery systems, for the effective treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases; thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing potential side effects. Mesalamine is a class IV drug, according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, used usually to treat inflammation associated with colon related diseases such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
Main text
An ideal colon targeting system aims to deliver a therapeutic agent, selectively and effectively, to the colon. This system should ideally retain the drug release in the upper GI tract (stomach and small intestine); while trigger the drug release in the colon. Several approaches have been used to fabricate formulations to achieve a colon specific delivery of mesalamine such as; time dependent, pH responsive, enzymatic/microbial responsive and ultrasound mediated approaches. This overview outlines the recent advances in mesalamine-colon delivery approaches for the potential treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’ disease.

Conclusion
A combined pH-time dependent delivery system can improve mesalamine colonic drug delivery via employing carriers capable of retarding mesalamine release in the stomach and delivering it at predetermined time points after entering the intestine. The existence of specific enzymes, produced by various anaerobic bacteria present in the colon advocates the advantage of designing enzyme sensitive systems and combining it with pH-time dependent system to improve mesalamine colonic delivery. The use of ultrasound has shown promises to effectively treat inflammatory bowel diseases.
Evaluation of antitumor potential of synthesized novel 2-substituted 4-anilinoquinazolines as quinazoline-pyrrole hybrids in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and A-549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines
Authors: Bathula Raju , Mondal Presenjit , Raparla Ramakrishna , Satla Shobha Rani 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
A series of novel 2 substituted 4-anilinoquinazolines-pyrrole hybrids were synthesized, and cytotoxic activity were evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay.

Methods
The cell line used for the activity was MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and A459 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. The newly quinazoline-pyrrole hybrid compounds have been synthesized from the 4-chloro-7-(3-chloropropoxy)-6-methoxy-2-phenylquinazoline derivatives. The chemical structure of the synthesized compounds has been confirmed by FTIR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral data. The cytotoxic study was conducted using morphological study and MTT assay against adenocarcinoma and human breast cancer cell lines.

Results
The results of cytotoxic evaluation revealed that few compounds show moderate to promising activity when compared with standard doxorubicin (IC50 value 41.05 μM at 72 h). The synthesized compounds 7d and 7f were found effective in breast cancer cell line with IC50 values 40.64 μM and 44.98 μM at 72 h, respectively. The synthesized compounds 7d, 7f, 7g, and 7h were found effective in adenocarcinoma cell line with IC50 values of 41.05 μM, 45.54 μM, 46.93 μM, and 48.62 μM, respectively.

Conclusion
Based on the experimental evidences, we proposed structure activity relationship to provide significant information for the design and development of further potent anticancer agents.
In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Sterculia urens Roxb. root extract and its bioactive phytoconstituents evaluation
Authors: Shukla Anjali , Desai Krishna , Modi Nainesh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe plantSterculia urensRoxb. of Malvaceae family is comparatively understudied. GenusSterculiais widely recognized by its phytomedicinal and ethnomedicinal attributes. The study is aimed to evaluate the qualitative analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thin layer chromatography (TLC), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the crude hydro-methanolic extract ofS. urensroot.ResultsThe antioxidant activity, antimicrobial assay for clinical isolates, and TPC were measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity, agar well diffusion method, and Folin–Ciocalteu assay respectively. Hydro-methanolic extract confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, steroids, and glycosides as primary and secondary metabolites, which was later confirmed by TLC. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of alkanes, alkenes, alkyl halides, halogen compounds, primary alcohol, tertiary alcohol, aldehyde, aromatic amine, secondary amines, amide group, and carboxylic acid. The crude extract was composed of a significant quantity of total phenolic content with 705 ± 0.40 mg GAE/g. Synergistically, the IC50value of the crude extract and ascorbic acid was found to be 27.055 μg/ml and 37.244 μg/ml, respectively, which suggests that root extract possesses strong antioxidant properties. The majority of the microbial strains exhibited varying degrees of sensitivity to the root extract with a notable inhibitory effect againstEscherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae, andPenicillium glaucum.ConclusionThe findings of this analysis suggest that the hydro-methanolic extract fromS. urensroot exhibit antioxidant activity quantified by its ability to scavenge DPPH; antimicrobial activity displayed appreciable microbial sensitivity. These properties are associated with the presence of high phenolic content, different secondary metabolites, and their functional groups. The results are suggestive thatS. urensroot is rich in bioactive compounds, which serve as a novel natural source for potential therapeutic applications.Graphical abstract
The Effectiveness of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen During the Intraoperative Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Spence Emily A. , Rajaleelan Wesley , Wong Jean , Chung Frances , Wong David T. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is increasingly being used in intensive care units for management of hypoxemia and respiratory failure. However, the effectiveness of HFNO for preventing hypoxemia in the intraoperative period is unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare patient oxygenation and end-tidal CO2 (Etco
2), between HFNO and conventional oxygenation, during the intraoperative period in surgical patients.

METHODS:
Standard databases were searched from inception to February 2020. Studies involving intraoperative use of HFNO with 1 of the 4 outcomes: (1) oxygen (O2) desaturation, (2) minimum O2 saturation, (3) safe apnea time, or (4) Etco
2 were included. Intraoperative period was divided into 2 phases: at induction with general anesthesia and during surgical procedure under sedation without tracheal intubation.

RESULTS:
Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 4 induction, 4 procedure, 2314 patients) were included for systematic review and meta-analyses. We found the risk of intraoperative O2 desaturation was lower in HFNO versus conventional oxygenation control group; at induction with an odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) of 0.06 (0.01–0.59, P = .02), and during procedure, OR (95% CI) of 0.09 (0.05–0.18; P < .001). The minimum O2 saturation was higher in HFNO versus conventional oxygenation; at induction by a mean difference (MD) (95% CI) of 5.1% (3.3–6.9; P < .001), and during procedure, by a MD (95% CI) of 4.0% (1.8–6.2; P < .001). Safe apnea time at induction was longer in HFNO versus conventional oxygenation by a MD (95% CI) of 33.4 seconds (16.8–50.1; P < .001). Etco
2 at induction was not significantly different between HFNO and conventional oxygenation groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
This systematic review and meta-analysis show that, in the intraoperative setting, HFNO compared to conventional oxygenation reduces the risk of O2 desaturation, increases minimum O2 saturation, and safe apnea time. HFNO should be considered for anesthesia induction and during surgical procedures under sedation without tracheal intubation in patients at higher risk of hypoxemia.
Utilization Patterns of Perioperative Neuromuscular Blockade Reversal in the United States: A Retrospective Observational Study From the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group
Authors: Dubovoy Timur Z. , Saager Leif , Shah Nirav J. , Colquhoun Douglas A. , Mathis Michael R. , Kapeles Steven , Mentz Graciela , Kheterpal Sachin , Vaughn Michelle T. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
Following the introduction of sugammadex to the US clinical practice, scarce data are available to understand its utilization patterns. This study aimed to characterize patient, procedure, and provider factors associated with sugammadex administration in US patients.

METHODS:
This retrospective observational study was conducted across 24 Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group institutions in the United States with sugammadex on formulary at the time of the study. All American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I–IV adults undergoing noncardiac surgery from 2014 to 2018 receiving neuromuscular blockade (NMB) were eligible. The study established 3 periods based on the date of first documented sugammadex use at each institution: the presugammadex period, 0- to 6-month transitional period, and 6+ months postsugammadex period. The primary outcome was reversal using sugammadex during the postsugammadex period—defined as 6 months after sugammadex was first utilized at each institution. A multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression model controlling for institution was developed to assess patient, procedure, and provider factors associated with sugammadex administration.

RESULTS:
A total of 934,798 cases met inclusion criteria. Following the 6-month transitional period, sugammadex was used on average in 40.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.8–40.2) of cases receiving NMB. Multivariable analysis demonstrated sugammadex use to be associated with train-of-four count of 0–1 (adjusted odds ratio = 4.06; 95% CI, 33.83–4.31) or 2 (2.45; 2.29–2.62) vs 3–4 twitches before reversal; the amount of NMB administered (3.01; 2.88–3.16) for the highest effective dose 95 quartile compared to the lowest quartile; advanced age (1.83; 1.71–1.95) compared to age <41; male sex (1.36; 1.32–1.39) compared to female sex; major thoracic surgery (1.26; 1.13–1.39); congestive heart failure (1.17, 1.07–1.28); and ASA III or IV (1.13; 1.10–1.16) versus ASA I or II.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data demonstrate broad early clinical adoption of sugammadex following Food and Drug Administration approval. Sugammadex is used preferentially in cases with higher degrees of NMB before reversal and in patients with greater burden of comorbidities and known risk factors for residual blockade or pulmonary complications.
The New Old Imperialism in the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Caton Steven C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This essay argues that the horrific war in Yemen (2015–present) waged by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates against the Houthis who control the northern part of the country is not really a Sunni-Schi’a conflict or a proxy war against Iran or a replay of the Cold War—all of which have been put forward to explain it—but rather is better understood as the actions of belligerent imperialist powers located in the Arabian Peninsula, acting in their own right (rather than as puppets of Western powers). Such an explanation, however, flies in the face of what we have understood imperialism to be historically. This essay looks at two understandings of imperialism, one coming out of Marxist theory and another out of a Foucauldian understanding of power as developed by Hardt and Negri in their book Empire (2000), and then goes on to show that both are helpful, though in different ways, in explaining the Yemen war as an imperialist intervention.
Insecticide resistance selection and reversal in two strains of Aedes aegypti
Authors: Thornton Jonathan , Gomes Bruno , Ayres Constância , Reimer Lisa 
Published: July 2020

Background:Laboratory reared mosquito colonies are essential tools to understand insecticide action. However, they differ considerably from wild populations and from each other depending on their origin and rearing conditions, which makes studying the effects of specific resistance mechanisms difficult. This paper describes our methods for establishing multiple resistant strains ofAedes aegyptifrom two colonies as a new resource for further research on metabolic and target site resistance.Methods:Two resistant colonies ofAe. aegypti, from Cayman and Recife, were selected through 10 generations of exposure to insecticides including permethrin, malathion and temephos, to yield eight strains with different profiles of resistance due to either target site or metabolic resistance. Resistance ratios for each insecticide were calculated for the selected and unselected strains. The frequency ofkdralleles in the Cayman strains was determined using TaqMan assays. A comparative gene expression analysis among Recife strains was conducted using qPCR in larvae (CCae3A, CYP6N12, CYP6F3, CYP9M9) and adults (CCae3A, CYP6N12, CYP6BB2, CYP9J28a).Results:In the selected strain of Cayman, mortality against permethrin reduced almost to 0% andkdrbecame fixated by 5 generations. A similar phenotype was seen in the unselected homozygous resistant colony, whilst mortality in the susceptible homozygous colony rose to 82.9%. The Recife strains showed different responses between exposure to adulticide and larvicide, with detoxification genes in the temephos selected strain staying similar to the baseline, but a reduction in detoxification genes displayed in the other strains.Conclusions:These selected strains, with a range of insecticide resistance phenotypes and genotypes, will support further research on the effects of target-site and/or metabolic resistance mechanisms on various life-history traits, behaviours and vector competence of this important arbovirus vector.
Restoration of normal knee kinematics with respect to tibial insert design in mobile bearing lateral unicompartmental arthroplasty using computational simulation
Authors: Koh Yong-Gon , Lee Jin-Ah , Chung Hyun-Seok , Kim Hyo-Jeong , Kang Kyoung-Tak 
Published: July 2020

Aims Mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) with a flat tibial plateau has not performed well in the lateral compartment, leading to a high rate of dislocation. For this reason, the Domed Lateral UKA with a biconcave bearing was developed. However, medial and lateral tibial plateaus have asymmetric anatomical geometries, with a slightly dished medial and a convex lateral plateau. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the extent at which the normal knee kinematics were restored with different tibial insert designs using computational simulation. Methods We developed three different tibial inserts having flat, conforming, and anatomy-mimetic superior surfaces, whereas the inferior surface in all was designed to be concave to prevent dislocation. Kinematics from four male subjects and one female subject were compared under deep knee bend activity. Results The conforming design showed significantly different kinematics in femoral rollback and internal rotation compared to that of the intact knee. The flat design showed significantly different kinematics in femoral rotation during high flexion. The anatomy-mimetic design preserved normal knee kinematics in femoral rollback and internal rotation. Conclusion The anatomy-mimetic design in lateral mobile UKA demonstrated restoration of normal knee kinematics. Such design may allow achievement of the long sought normal knee characteristics post-lateral mobile UKA. However, further in vivo and clinical studies are required to determine whether this design can truly achieve a more normal feeling of the knee and improved patient satisfaction. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7):421–428.
Feeding jejunostomy in upper gastrointestinal resections: a UK-wide survey
Authors: Ireland P , Jaunoo S 
Published: July 2020

Introduction The usage of a feeding jejunostomy has been a well-established practice in maintaining nutrition in patients undergoing resections for upper gastrointestinal cancer. As surgical technique has evolved, together with the adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery pathways, the routine insertion of feeding jejunostomy tubes appears to be changing. Materials and methods A survey was constructed using Google Forms. The link was distributed to consultant upper gastrointestinal surgeons via the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons’ membership database. Results were collated and analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results A total of 55 responses were received from 28 units across the UK; 27 respondents (49.1%) no longer routinely use feeding jejunostomy in upper gastrointestinal resections, oesophagectomy or gastrectomy. The most common primary feeding modality used by these respondents was oral diet 17 (65.4%), with total parenteral nutrition (19.2%) and nasojejunal (11.5%) routes also being used. Respondents who used feeding jejunostomies inserted them primarily for oesophagectomy (n = 27; 96.4%), with fewer surgeons using them in extended total gastrectomy (n = 12; 42.9%) and total gastrectomy (n = 11; 39.3%). Of the total, 20 surgeons (71.4%) would insert the jejunostomy using an open approach, with 19 (67.9%) employing a Witzel tunnel. Eleven respondents (39.3%) would continue feeding via the jejunostomy after discharge. Some 24 responders thought that feeding jejunostomies did not facilitate the enhanced recovery after surgery pathway (strongly and slightly disagree), whereas 17 considered that they did (strongly and slightly agree); 13 responders did not have strong views either way. Conclusions There is a split in current practice regarding the usage of feeding jejunostomies. There is also a division of opinion on the role of feeding jejunostomy in enhanced recovery after surgery.