bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Health Demographics of Female Collegiate Rowers
Authors: Walsh Megan , Crowell Nancy , Merenstein Daniel 
Published: May 2020

ContextLimited information exists about health patterns among female rowers at the collegiate level. Furthermore, the element of weight class (lightweights classified as &lt;130 lb [59 kg]) as a factor in the physical and mental health of female collegiate athletes has not been investigated, despite weight requirements in sport being a risk factor for the female athlete triad.ObjectiveTo test the hypotheses that (1) components of the female athlete triad were more prevalent in lightweight than in openweight rowers; (2) perceived stress levels were greater in lightweight than in openweight rowers; and (3) rowers who were unable to row due to injury had greater perceived stress levels than uninjured athletes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwelve collegiate women's rowing programs consisting of 6 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I openweight and 6 Intercollegiate Rowing Association–level lightweight teams.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 158 female collegiate rowers (78 lightweight, 80 openweight).Main Outcome Measure(s)An electronic survey addressing injury history, diet and eating habits and body image (according to the triad screening questionnaire), stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale), and athlete identity (Athlete Identity Measurement Scale) was administered.ResultsLightweight rowers reported limiting or carefully controlling foods more frequently than openweight rowers (41.9% to 29.9%, P = .013). A history of an eating disorder was more prevalent among lightweight than openweight rowers (25.7% to 13.0%, P = .048). Prevalences of stress fractures and menstrual irregularities did not differ between weight classes. Lightweight and openweight rowers' scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (16.0 ± 9.9 and 17.3 ± 6.4, respectively) were not different. Injured rowers scored higher on the Perceived Stress Scale (19.4 ± 7.2) than did uninjured rowers (16.6 ± 5.72).ConclusionsWeight class did not contribute to differences in the prevalence of female athlete triad components or perceived stress, although lightweight rowers were more likely to have a history of eating disorder. Injury may be a risk factor for increased stress in this population.
Seroprevalence & seroincidence of Orientia tsutsugamushi infection in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Kamble Suchit , Mane Arati , Sane Suvarna , Sonavale Suvarna , Vidhate Pallavi , Singh Manish Kumar , Gangakhedkar Raman , Gupte Mohan 
Published: May 2020

Background & objectives:
In India, acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases are frequently reported from Gorakhpur district in Uttar Pradesh. Scrub typhus is one of the predominant aetiological agents for these cases. In order to delineate the extent of the background of scrub typhus seroprevalence and the associated risk factors at community level, serosurveys during both lean and epidemic periods (phase 1 and phase 2, respectively) of AES outbreaks were conducted in this region.

Methods:
Two community-based serosurveys were conducted during lean (April-May 2016) and epidemic AES (October-November 2016) periods. A total of 1085 and 906 individuals were enrolled during lean and epidemic AES periods, respectively, from different villages reporting recent AES cases. Scrub typhus-seronegative individuals (n=254) during the lean period were tested again during the epidemic period to estimate the incidence of scrub typhus.

Results:
The seroprevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi during AES epidemic period [immunoglobulin (Ig) IgG: 70.8%, IgM: 4.4%] was high as compared to that of lean AES period (IgG: 50.6%, P<0.001; IgM: 3.4%). The factors independently associated with O. tsutsugamushi positivity during lean AES period were female gender, illiteracy, not wearing footwear, not taking bath after work whereas increasing age, close contact with animals, source of drinking water and open-air defecation emerged as additional risk factors during the epidemic AES season. IgM positivity was significantly higher among febrile individuals compared to those without fever (7.7 vs. 3.5%, P=0.006). The seroincidence for O. tsutsugamushi was 19.7 per cent, and the subclinical infection rate was 54 per cent.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The community-based surveys identified endemicity of O. tsutsugamushi and the associated risk factors in Gorakhpur region. The findings will be helpful for planning appropriate interventional strategies to control scrub typhus.
Molecular characterization of hepatitis A virus circulating in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Prakash Shantanu , Shukla Suruchi , Shukla Ratnam , Bhagat Amit , Srivastava Shakti S. , Jain Amita 
Published: May 2020

Background & objectives:
Hepatitis A is prevalent worldwide and is among the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis in India. Major geographical differences in endemicity of hepatitis A are closely related to hygienic and sanitary conditions and other indicators of the level of socio-economic development. The present study was aimed to know the seropositivity prevalence and predominant circulating strain of HAV in a north India.

Methods:
Patients with acute viral hepatitis were enrolled. Blood samples were collected over a period of one year from June 2016 to May 2017. Serum samples were tested for anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) HAV antibodies. The seropositive samples were analyzed for HAV-RNA by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Samples detected on molecular assay were subjected to conventional semi-nested RT-PCR for VP1 gene. Further sequencing of amplified RT-PCR products was done, and data were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 1615 patients were enrolled, and serum samples were collected and tested. The male:female ratio was 1.3:1 with a mean age of 24.31±17.02 yr (range 0-83 yr). Among these, 128 (7.93%) were positive for anti-HAV IgM antibodies; 41.63 per cent of seropositive patients were in their childhood or early adolescent age group. Of all seropositive samples, 59 (46.09%) were positive for HAV RNA. Genotyping sequencing of 10 representative strains was carried out, and the circulating genotype was found to be IIIA. The nucleotide sequences showed homology among the strains.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results showed that hepatitis A was a common disease in children with IIIA as a circulating genotype in this region. In approximately 50 per cent of cases, HAV RNA could be detected. Higher number of HAV IgM-seropositive cases was observed during monsoon period.
Fibroscan as a non-invasive predictor of hepatic steatosis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Chakraborty Semanti , Ganie Mohd Ashraf , Masoodi Ibrahim , Jana Manisha , Shalimar  , Gupta Nandita , Sofi Nighat Yaseen 
Published: May 2020

Background & objectives:
There is limited data on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and there are no data on the utility of fibroscan in its assessment. The objective of this study was thus to investigate the frequency of hepatic steatosis in young women with PCOS and evaluate the utility of transient elastography (TE) in its assessment.

Methods:
Seventy women diagnosed with PCOS and 60 apparently healthy women (controls) were enrolled in this pilot study. These women were evaluated for clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters, transabdominal ultrasonography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and fibroscan assessing liver stiffness measure (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Other indices such as liver fat score (LFS), lipid accumulation product (LAP), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, hepatic steatosis index (HIS) scores were also calculated. The main outcome measures were the presence of NAFLD in women with PCOS and its correlation with CAP and LSM on TE.

Results:
Women with PCOS had higher frequency (38.57 vs. 6.67%) of hepatic steatosis than control women as determined by abdominal sonography. The aminotransferases were higher in PCOS group (14.28 vs. 1.7%, P=0.03) even after adjusting for body mass index implying higher non-alcoholic steatohepatitis among young PCOS patients. PCOS women had significantly higher CAP on TE compared to controls (210 vs. 196). CAP had a significant correlation with LFS, LAP and HIS.

Interpretation & conclusions:
NAFLD is common in young women with PCOS, and fibroscan using TE may be considered as a promising non-invasive diagnostic modality in its early detection.
PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN DAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KEJADIAN FILARIASIS DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS LUENG KEUBE JAGAT KECAMATAN TRIPA MAKMUR KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA
Authors: Sriwahyuni Susy , Hanifa  , Marniati  , Yarmaliza  , Zakiyuddin  
Published: May 2020

Kejadian filariasis merupakan suatu infeksi sistematik yang disebabkan cacing filaria yang hidup dalam kelenjar linfe dan darah manusia yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi dan Brugia timori. Kasus Filariasis tertinggi berada di Aceh Utara. Berdasarkan data dari Puskesmas Lueng Keube Jagat sebanyak 6 kasus, Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lueng Keubu Jagat termasuk kedalam 10 penyakit terbebesar di Aceh. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian berjumlah 9.310 orang. Desain sampel merupakan Random Sampling dengan jumlah 99 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh pengetahuan terhadap kejadian filariasis (Pvalue = 0,022 < α =0,05) serta pengaruh lingkungan terhadap kejadian filariasis (Pvalue = 0,000 < α =0,05). Disimpulkan adanya pengaruh pengetahuan dan lingkungan dengan kejadian filariasis. Disarankan bagi petugas Puskesmas Lueng Keube Jagat agar selalu memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat untuk menjaga kebersihan lingkungan untuk mencegah adanya sarang nyamuk di lingkungan sekitar rumah.
Preliminary evaluation of dew condensers and their use for tree seedling irrigation in Puerto Rico
Authors: Snyder Víctor A. , Vázquez Miguel A. , Seldon Jodelin , Beale Alberto J. , Ramos Rafael 
Published: May 2020

Dew condensers have been proposed as a means to reduce drought mortality of tree seedlings in early stages of reforestation projects. We investigated the amount of dew condensate produced by locally constructed dew condensers, constructed with three different infrared emitting surfaces: standard polyethylene/ TiO2 / BaSO4 foil, thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO), and plastic coated with locally available Lanco UrethanizerTM8 roofing paint. All surfaces produced similar amounts of total dew condensate, typically ranging between 0.05 and 0.25 L/m2/night. However, the materials differed in the fraction of dew running off the surfaces, which represents the water available for tree seedlings. Highest runoff fractions were obtained with painted surfaces, followed by polyethylene and polyolefin surfaces, respectively. Considerably greater amounts of nightly dew condensate were observed during the winter than in summer, attributed to differences in night length and cloud cover. A commercially available dew condenser, the Groasis WaterboxxTM, did not generate more than 0.04 L per night of runoff dew, due primarily to a small condenser surface area of < 0.2 m2. A field study showed that 1 m2 dew condensers maintained the root zone of mahogany seedlings at matric potentials > -60 kPa during dry spells. Overall, results indicated that passive dew condensers with condenser areas of 1 m2 are capable of producing sufficient water for survival of small tree seedlings during drought periods.
Partitioning of hydrogen peroxide in gas-liquid and gas-aerosol phases
Authors: Xuan Xiaoning , Chen Zhongming , Gong Yiwei , Shen Hengqing , Chen Shiyi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a vital oxidant in
the atmosphere and plays critical roles in the oxidation chemistry of both
liquid and aerosol phases. The partitioning of H2O2 between the
gas and liquid phases, or the aerosol phase, could affect its abundance in
these condensed phases and eventually the formation of secondary components.
However, the partitioning processes of H2O2 in gas-liquid and
gas-aerosol phases are still unclear, especially in the ambient atmosphere.
In this study, field observations of gas-, liquid-, and aerosol-phase
H2O2 were carried out in the urban atmosphere of Beijing during
the summer and winter of 2018. The effective field-derived mean value of
Henry's law constant (HAm,
2.1×105 M atm−1) was
2.5 times of the theoretical value in pure water (HAt, 8.4×104 M atm−1) at 298±2 K. The effective derived
gas-aerosol partitioning coefficient (KPm, 3.8×10-3 m3 µg−1) was 4 orders of magnitude higher on average than
the theoretical value (KPt, 2.8×10-7 m3 µg−1) at 270±4 K. Beyond following Henry's law or Pankow's
absorptive partitioning theory, the partitioning of H2O2 in the
gas-liquid and gas-aerosol phases in the ambient atmosphere was also
influenced by certain physical and chemical reactions. The average
concentration of liquid-phase H2O2 in rainwater during summer was
44.12±26.49 µM. In 69 % of the collected rain samples, the
measured level of H2O2 was greater than the predicted value in
pure water calculated by Henry's law. In these samples, 41 % of the
measured H2O2 was from gas-phase partitioning, while most of the
rest may be from residual H2O2 in raindrops. In winter, the level
of aerosol-phase H2O2 was 0.093±0.085 ng µg−1,
which was much higher than the predicted value based on Pankow's absorptive
partitioning theory. The contribution of partitioning of the gas-phase
H2O2 to the aerosol-phase H2O2 formation was negligible.
The decomposition/hydrolysis rate of aerosol-phase organic peroxides could
account for 11 %–74 % of the consumption rate of aerosol-phase
H2O2, and the value depended on the composition of organic
peroxides in the aerosol particles. Furthermore, the heterogeneous uptake of
HO2 and H2O2 on aerosols contributed to 22 % and 2 %
of the aerosol-phase H2O2 consumption, respectively.
Research on a medium-tracked omni-vehicle
Authors: Fang Yuan , Zhang Yunan , Li Nianyu , Shang Yinghui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Existing omnidirectional vehicles have disadvantages of
poor load capacities and practicability. Based on the omnidirectional mobile
track and an adapted symmetrical layout, a novel medium-tracked omni-vehicle
was designed. The kinematic and dynamic model of the vehicle was
established, and the anisotropy of the velocity and acceleration of the
vehicle was analyzed. With a counterbalanced forklift as the design goal, a
virtual prototype and real prototype of the vehicle were established. The
prototype had a no-load weight of 5 t and a full-load weight of 7 t.
Simulations and experiments were carried out for various omnidirectional
movements of the prototype, such as longitudinal, lateral, multi-angle
diagonal, and center-point steering motions. The simulation and experimental
results showed that the vehicle performed omnidirectional motion in the
plane under no-load and full-load conditions. The translational motion of
the prototype exhibited anisotropic motion. The causes of the trajectory and
velocity deviation during the motion of the prototype were analyzed.
State Medical Cannabis Laws Associated With Reduction in Opioid Prescriptions by Orthopaedic Surgeons in Medicare Part D Cohort
Authors: Lopez Cesar D. , Boddapati Venkat , Jobin Charles M. , Hickernell Thomas R. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Opioid prescriptions and abuse remain a significant national concern. Cannabinoids offer a potentially attractive nonopioid analgesic option for orthopaedic patients, and 32 US states have passed medical cannabis laws (MCLs), legalizing patient access to cannabinoids. We examine the association between implementation of state cannabis laws and prescribing patterns for opioids by orthopaedic surgeons in Medicare Part D patients between 2013 and 2017.

Methods:
Using the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Event database, we measured annual aggregate daily doses of all opioid medications (excluding buprenorphine) prescribed by orthopaedic surgeons in each US state (and DC), in addition to total daily doses of opioid medications by generic name (hydrocodone, oxycodone, fentanyl, morphine, methadone, and “other opioids”). We used adjusted linear regression models to examine associations between state-specific cannabis regulations (state MCL, MCL type—dispensary or home cultivation, and recreational cannabis legalization) and annual total daily doses of opioid medications (all opioids and opioid types, separately).

Results:
State MCLs were associated with a statistically significant reduction in aggregate opioid prescribing of 144,000 daily doses (19.7% reduction) annually (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.535 to −0.024 million; P < 0.01). States with MCLs allowing access to in-state dispensaries had a statistically significant reduction in total opioid prescriptions of 96,000 daily doses (13.1%) annually (95% CI, −0.165 to −0.026 million; P < 0.01). Specifically, MCLs were associated with a statistically significant reduction of 72,000 daily doses of hydrocodone annually (95% CI, −0.164 to −0.019 million; P < 0.01). No significant association between recreational marijuana legalization and opioid prescribing was found.

Conclusion:
Orthopaedic surgeons are among the highest prescribers of opioids, highlighting the importance of providing nonopioid analgesic alternatives in efforts to reduce opioid use in the patient cohort. This study is the first to examine the association between implementation of state cannabis laws and prescribing patterns for opioids by orthopaedic surgeons in Medicare Part D patients.

Level of Evidence:
Population-based ecological study.
De algemeenverbindendverklaring van landbouwvoorschriften in het Europese marktordeningsrecht
Authors: Janssen H.C.E.P.J. 
Published: May 2020

De algemeenverbindendverklaring van landbouwvoorschriften in het Europese marktordeningsrecht
EU-lidstaten zijn op grond van de Europese marktordeningsregels bevoegd door (unies van) producentenorganisaties en brancheorganisaties vastgestelde landbouwvoorschriften uit te breiden tot niet-leden. Deze niet-leden kunnen tevens worden verplicht een financiële bijdrage te betalen. In de Nederlandse landbouw wordt dit avv-instrument pas vrij recent en dan ook nog eens uitsluitend voor onderzoek en ontwikkeling ingezet. De Europese regels bieden echter ruimte voor een veel bredere toepassing, zoals bijvoorbeeld op het gebied van dierenwelzijn, voedselveiligheid en milieubescherming. De Minister van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit heeft de Raad van State inmiddels gevraagd welke ruimte zij daarvoor heeft.
De stand van de stelselherziening: een beslissend jaar
Authors: de Vos H.W. (Wilco) 
Published: May 2020

De stand van de stelselherziening: een beslissend jaar
In dit artikel wordt de voortgang van de stelselherziening omgevingsrecht besproken. De auteur kijkt vooruit naar de ontwikkelingen in 2020, waaronder de vaststelling van de algemene maatregelen van bestuur en het moment van inwerkingtreding van de Omgevingswet.
Two new endemic species of Bistriopelma (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Peru, including a new remarkable horned tarantula
Authors: Nicoletta Micaela , Chaparro Juan C. , Mamani Luis , Ochoa José A. , West Rick C. , Ferretti Nelson E. 
Published: May 2020

The spider genus Bistriopelma Kaderka, 2015 is endemic to Peru and includes three species known to date: Bistriopelma lamasi Kaderka, 2015, B. matuskai Kaderka, 2015 and B. titicaca Kaderka, 2017. The present contribution diagnoses, describes and illustrates two new species of Bistriopelma from Peru: B. peyoi sp. nov. and B. kiwicha sp. nov., both based on male and female. The male of B. peyoi sp. nov. is provided with a remarkable thoracic horn, and the species is the first horned tarantula for this genus. An updated distribution map for all known species is presented.
Prolégomènes pour l’étude de l’engagement des jeunes dans diverses sphères de vie : réflexions conceptuelles et esquisse d’opérationnalisation
Authors: Gallant Nicole 
Published: May 2020

L’emploi du mot « engagement » abonde aujourd’hui comme injonction dans le discours ambiant et dans l’intervention publique et associative auprès des jeunes dans diverses sphères de vie (études, travail, etc.), en plus du champ civique. Dans cet article, Gallant jette les bases de la recherche transversale sur cette notion. Elle souligne d’abord que ces injonctions visent généralement la posture personnelle du jeune, appréhendé individuellement, c’est-à-dire sans prendre en compte ni son contexte, sa situation et ses ressources ou ses préférences personnelles, ni la réceptivité de son milieu face à ses manières de s’investir, ni non plus le tiraillement qui peut exister entre de multiples engagements. Puis, Gallant propose une définition épurée de l’engagement, permettant de l’employer de manière systématique pour l’observer dans diverses sphères de vie. Conceptualiser l’engagement comme une posture personnelle permet aussi de voir combien les attentes normatives qui pèsent sur le jeune ont une dimension morale, pour ne pas dire moralisante. Enfin, l’auteure propose une programmation de recherche visant l’étude empirique des temporalités de l’engagement des jeunes dans les diverses sphères de vie simultanément au cours de leur parcours de transition à la vie adulte. Tout en tenant compte d’une pluralité de contextes sociaux et d’une diversité de situations des jeunes, un tel programme permettrait de documenter l’enchevêtrement entre les sphères de la vie, face à une exigence inatteignable de plein engagement simultané dans toutes ces sphères.
Extent, patterns and demographic correlates for physical fighting among school-attending adolescents in Namibia: examination of the 2013 Global School-based Health Survey
Authors: Davis Laura E. , Abio Anne , Wilson Michael Lowery , Shaikh Masood Ali 
Published: May 2020

Background
Physical fighting is particularly detrimental for young people, often affecting other areas of their developing lives, such as relationships with friends and family and participating in risky behaviors. We aim to quantify the amount of problematic physical fighting in Namibian adolescents and identify modifiable risk factors for intervention.

Methods
We used the Namibia 2013 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). This survey collects health-related information on school-attending adolescents in grades 7 to 12. We defined physical fighting as having participated in at least two physical fights in the 12 months prior to responding to the survey. Factors that may be associated with physical fighting were identified a prior based on the literature and included age, sex, anxiety, suicide planning, truancy, physical activity, bullying victimization, presence of supportive parental figures, presence of helpful peers, extent of social network, and food insecurity. Multivariable logistic regression models were created to identify factors associated with physical fighting.

Results
A total of 4,510 adolescents were included in the study. A total of 52.7% female. 16.9% of adolescents reported engaging in at least two physical fights in the previous year. Factors associated with an increased odds of physical fighting included having a suicide plan, anxiety, truancy, food deprivation and being bullied. Increased age and loneliness were associated with a decreased odds of physical fighting.

Conclusion
This study identifies problematic physical fighting among adolescents in Namibia. We recommend public health and school-based programming that simultaneously targets risk behaviours and conflict resolution to reduce rates of physical fighting.