bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Migraine
Authors: Obelieniene Diana , Pestininkaite Ruta , Rastenyte Daiva 
Published: August 2020

Chronic migraine as a disease was initially recognized in patients with a large burden of disability from frequent headaches and a history of prior migraines. Over time, this observation was operationalized into multiple diagnostic criteria with requirements for frequent headache days, typically 15 or more, which, on at least 8 days in a month, have the features of migraine headache. Chronic migraine affects 1–2% of the general population, and about 8% of patients with migraine. Understanding disease mechanisms still remains a challenge. Inflammation and central sensitization play significant role in the evolutive mechanisms of chronic migraine. Treatment of this condition should primarily focus on the prevention. The currently available evidence-based prophylactic treatment options are topiramate, valproic acid, onabotulinumtoxin A and recently developed promising anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies. Chronic migraine research is a dynamic and rapidly advancing area. New developments in this field have the potential to improve the diagnosis, to provide more personalized treatments and to reduce burden of disability.
Distribution, evolution and expression ofGATA-TFsprovide new insights into their functions in light response and fruiting body development ofTolypocladium guangdongense
Authors: Zhang Chenghua , Wang Gangzheng , Deng Wangqiu , Li Taihui 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundFungal GATA-type transcription factors (GATA-TFs) are a class of transcriptional regulators involved in various biological processes. However, their functions are rarely analyzed systematically, especially in edible or medicinal fungi, such asTolypocladium guangdongense, which has various medicinal and food safety properties with a broad range of potential applications in healthcare products and the pharmaceutical industry.MethodsGATA-TFs inT. guangdongense(TgGATAs) were identified using InterProScan. The type, distribution, and gene structure ofTgGATAswere analyzed by genome-wide analyses. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze their evolutionary relationships using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method. To explore the functions of GATA-TFs, conserved domains were analyzed using MEME, and cis-elements were predicted using the PlantCARE database. In addition, the expression patterns ofTgGATAsunder different light conditions and developmental stages were studied using qPCR.ResultsSevenTgGATAswere identified. They were randomly distributed on four chromosomes and contained one to four exons. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that GATA-TFs in each subgroup are highly conserved, especially for GATA1 to GATA5. Intron distribution analyses suggested that GATA1 and GATA3 possessed the most conserved gene structures. Light treatments induced the expression levels ofTgGATA1andTgGATA5-7, but the expression levels varied depending on the duration of illumination. The predicted protein structures indicate that TgGATA1 and TgGATA2 possess typical light-responsive domains and may function as photoreceptors to regulate downstream biological processes. TgGATA3 and TgGATA5 may be involved in nitrogen metabolism and siderophore biosynthesis, respectively. TgGATA6 and TgGATA7 possess unique Zn finger loop sequences, suggesting that they may have special functions. Furthermore, gene expression analysis indicated thatTgGATA1(WC1) was notably involved in mycelial color transformation, while other genes were involved in fruiting body development to some extent. These results provide valuable information to further explore the mechanisms through whichTgGATAsare regulated during fruiting body development.
Anti-hyperglycemic Effects of Diacerein in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Uqaili Arsalan , Siddiqui Samia , Aijaz Roomi , Nizammani Yar Muhammad , Kazi Navaid , Nizammani Ghulam Shah 
Published: August 2020

Objective: To determine the anti-hyperglycemic effects of interleukin-1 inhibitor (diacerein) in alloxan induced diabetic albino wistar rats.
This experimental study was performed at the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam within 6 months from April 2016 to September 2016. Total of 160 adult Albino Wistar Rats having an average of 200 to 300 grams body weights were selected. Animals were categorized into 4 groups as;

Group A (n=15): Control rats – receive 0.9% normal saline as placebo

Experimental Groups

Group B (n=15): Experimental Control (Diabetic rats) - Alloxan50 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal.
Group C (n=15): Diabetic rats + Diacerein (30 mg/kg/day) orally daily.
Group D (n=15): Diabetic rats + Diacerein (50 mg/kg/day) orally daily.

Animals were kept and treated as per the NIH Guideline for Use and Care of Laboratory Animals.
Diabetes mellitus was induced via a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 milligram/kg alloxan monohydrated dissolved in aseptic 0.9% saline. After 72 hours, blood specimens were taken from the caudal vein of the rats and glucose level>200 mg/dL was taken as diabetes. Experimental rats were given diacerein approximately 30 and 50 mg orally for 6 weeks. At the completion of experiment the body weight was measured of each animal by electronic measuring balance and blood sample was taken from each animal of all groups to assess the blood glucose level and HbA1c level. Data were recorded via self-made proforma and analysis was done by using SPSS version 20.
Results: Average body weight of Diabetic control (Group B) was 193.33±22.50 grams, which was lower in contrast to Diacerein treated group C 202.47±25.70 grams and significantly lower as compared to Diacerein treated group D as 212.6±23.43 grams. A significant increase in blood glucose levels 182.07±10.63 mg/dl was noted in the Diabetic control (Group B) compared to Diacerein treated group C (110.13± 8.54 mg/dl) and group D (85.87±8.41 mg/dl) (P=0.001). HbA1c was markedly raised in the Group B- diabetic controls, while diacerein treated diabetic rats (groups C and D) showed a significant decrease in HbA1c (P=0.001).
Conclusion: It was concluded that Diacerein achieves the Euglycemic state by reducing the levels of blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Alloxan-Induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar Albino Rats.
Epithets, royal (Hellenistic)
Authors: Muccioli Federicomaria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Official epithets played a significant role in the construction of Hellenistic kingship. The first attestation can be traced to the lifetime of Alexander, who in fact was called
Aniketos
rather than “Great.” The Diadochoi normally did not use any official title, with the probable exception of Ptolemy I and Seleukos I (respectively
Soter
and
Nikator
), followed by the queen Arsinoe II (
Philadelphos
). Thereafter the use of epithets spread across most of the Hellenistic world. Epithets are attested in papyrological and epigraphical sources and, above all, in coin legends. Their message, addressed mainly to a Greek or Greek‐speaking audience, was simple and easily understandable to all subjects. Even during the time of the Roman Empire, the use of official epithets is well attested in some kingdoms (mainly client kings).
Universal Statistical Laws for the Velocities of Collective Migrating Cells
Authors: Lin Shao‐Zhen , Chen Peng‐Cheng , Guan Liu‐Yuan , Shao Yue , Hao Yu‐Kun , Li Qunyang , Li Bo , Weitz David A. , Feng Xi‐Qiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMigratory dynamics of collective cells is central to the morphogenesis of biological tissues. The statistical distribution of cell velocities in 2D confluent monolayers is measured through large‐scale and long‐term experiments of various cell types lying on different substrates. A linear relation is discovered between the variability and the mean of cell speeds during the jamming process of confluent cell monolayers, suggesting time‐invariant distribution profile of cell velocities. It is further found that the probability density function of cell velocities obeys the non‐canonical q‐Gaussian statistics, regardless of cell types and substrate stiffness. It is the Tsallis entropy, instead of the classical Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy, that dictates the universal statistical laws of collective cell migration. The universal statistical law stems from cell–cell interactions, as demonstrated by the wound healing experiments. This previously unappreciated finding provides a linkage between cell‐level heterogeneity and tissue‐level ensembles in embryonic development and tumor growth.
Lithium/Sulfide All‐Solid‐State Batteries using Sulfide Electrolytes
Authors: Wu Jinghua , Liu Sufu , Han Fudong , Yao Xiayin , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered as the next generation electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high safety and energy density, simple packaging, and wide operable temperature range. The critical component in ASSLBs is the solid‐state electrolyte. Among all solid‐state electrolytes, the sulfide electrolytes have the highest ionic conductivity and favorable interface compatibility with sulfur‐based cathodes. The ionic conductivity of sulfide electrolytes is comparable with or even higher than that of the commercial organic liquid electrolytes. However, several critical challenges for sulfide electrolytes still remain to be solved, including their narrow electrochemical stability window, the unstable interface between the electrolyte and the electrodes, as well as lithium dendrite formation in the electrolytes. Herein, the emerging sulfide electrolytes and preparation methods are reviewed. In particular, the required properties of the sulfide electrolytes, such as the electrochemical stabilities of the electrolytes and the compatible electrode/electrolyte interfaces are highlighted. The opportunities for sulfide‐based ASSLBs are also discussed.
Realizing Reduced Imperfections via Quantum Dots Interdiffusion in High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xie Lin , Vashishtha Parth , Koh Teck Ming , Harikesh Padinhare Cholakkal , Jamaludin Nur Fadilah , Bruno Annalisa , Hooper Thomas J. N. , Li Jia , Ng Yan Fong , Mhaisalkar Subodh G , Mathews Nripan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRealization of reduced ionic (cationic and anionic) defects at the surface and grain boundaries (GBs) of perovskite films is vital to boost the power conversion efficiency of organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) solar cells. Although numerous strategies have been developed, effective passivation still remains a great challenge due to the complexity and diversity of these defects. Herein, a solid‐state interdiffusion process using multi‐cation hybrid halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) is introduced as a strategy to heal the ionic defects at the surface and GBs. It is found that the solid‐state interdiffusion process leads to a reduction in OIHP shallow defects. In addition, Cs+ distribution in QDs greatly influences the effectiveness of ionic defect passivation with significant enhancement to all photovoltaic performance characteristics observed on treating the solar cells with Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95PbBr3 (abbreviated as QDs‐Cs5). This enables power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 21% to be achieved with more than 90% of its initial PCE retained on exposure to continuous illumination of more than 550 h.
Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing of One‐Dimensional Photonic Crystals: Part I—An Empirical Model for Multi‐Material Multi‐Layer Fabrication
Authors: Afkhami Zahra , Iezzi Brian , Hoelzle David , Shtein Max , Barton Kira 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrohydrodynamic jet (e‐jet) printing is a high‐resolution additive manufacturing technique that holds promise for the fabrication of customized micro‐devices. In this companion paper set, e‐jet printing is investigated for its capability in depositing multilayer thin‐films with microscale spatial resolution and nanoscale thickness resolution to create arrays of 1D photonic crystals (1DPC). In this paper, an empirical model for the deposition process is developed, relating process and material parameters to the thickness and uniformity of the patterns. Standard macroscale measurements of solid surface energy and liquid surface tension are used in conjunction with microscale contact angle measurements to understand the length scale dependence of material properties and their impact on droplet merger into uniform microscale thin‐films. The model is validated with several photopolymer inks, a subset of which is used to create pixelated, multilayer arrays of 1DPCs with uniformity and resolution approaching standards in the optics manufacturing industry. It is found that the printed film topography at the microscale can be predicted based on the surface energetics at the microscale. Due to the flexibility in design provided by the e‐jet process, these findings can be generalized for fabricating additional multimaterial, multilayer micro‐ and nanostructures with applications beyond the field of optics.
Broadband Achromatic Sub‐Diffraction Focusing by an Amplitude‐Modulated Terahertz Metalens
Authors: Zhao Fen , Li Ziping , Dai Xuemei , Liao Xiaoyu , Li Sheng , Cao Juncheng , Shang Zhengguo , Zhang Zhihai , Liang Gaofeng , Chen Gang , Li Hua , Wen Zhongquan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently, there are growing interests in developing super‐resolution metalenses for applications of focusing and imaging. On one hand, various sub‐diffraction metalenses have been demonstrated; however, most of them only work at a single wavelength or multiple discrete wavelengths. On the other hand, the previously reported broadband achromatic metalenses are diffraction‐limited, or their focal spots are larger than the corresponding Abbe diffraction limit, 0.5λ/NA, where λ and NA are the lens working wavelength and numerical aperture. In the present work, an approach of realizing broadband achromatic sub‐diffraction focusing is proposed utilizing both dispersion engineering and wave front manipulating through amplitude modulation. To verify this concept, based on high‐index dielectric meta‐atoms, a broadband achromatic sub‐diffraction focusing metalens is designed with a radius of 5.11 mm, a focal length of 40.39 mm, and NA of 0.125 in the terahertz frequency range of 2.29–2.70 THz by simultaneously controlling the distributions group of the delay, frequency‐dependent phase, and amplitude transmittance. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate the performance of achromatic sub‐diffraction focusing within the bandwidth. The proposed approach provides a simple way to achieve broadband achromatic super‐resolution metalenses, which may have promising potentials in various applications of super‐resolution focusing and super‐resolution imaging.
Phosphorescent Manganese(II) Complexes and Their Emerging Applications
Authors: Tao Peng , Liu Shu‐Juan , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhosphorescent manganese(II) complexes are emerging as a new generation of phosphorescent materials showing great potentials in many applications, owing to their unique features including highly efficient phosphorescence, diverse structural/molecular design, and ease of synthesis, structural diversity, rich physical properties (e.g., triboluminescence, stimuli‐responsivity, etc.), high abundance, and low cost. The research on phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes is just in its infancy but rapidly flourishing indeed, and their potential applications are also emerging in many aspects. Herein, the recent progress on the molecular design of new manganese(II) complex‐based materials, mechanism of phosphorescence, photophysical properties, and their representative applications is highlighted, which covers topics such as: i) structural features and photophysics of phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes; ii) molecular design strategies of phosphorescent manganese(II) complexes (e.g., neutral complexes, ionic complexes, coordination polymers, and other types of complexes); and iii) their emerging applications in the fields of organic electroluminescence, information recording and security protection, temperature sensors. Finally, some perspectives together with future research focus of the field are described.
Quasi‐Newtonian Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (QN‐ESEM) for Monitoring Material Dynamics in High‐Pressure Gaseous Environments
Authors: Zhu Jinlong , Zhang Lenan , Li Xiangyu , Wilke Kyle L. , Wang Evelyn N. , Goddard Lynford L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnvironmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) is a powerful technique that enables imaging of diverse specimens (e.g., biomaterials, chemical materials, nanomaterials) in a hydrated or native state while simultaneously maintaining micro‐to‐nanoscale resolution. However, it is difficult to achieve high signal‐to‐noise and artifact‐free secondary electron images in a high‐pressure gaseous environment due to the intensive electron‐gas collisions. In addition, nanotextured substrates can mask the signal from a weakly scattering sample. These drawbacks limit the study of material dynamics under extreme conditions and correspondingly our understanding in many fields. In this work, an imaging framework called Quasi‐Newtonian ESEM is proposed, which introduces the concepts of quasi‐force and quasi‐work by referencing the scattering force in light–matter interactions, to break these barriers without any hardware changes. It is shown that quasi‐force is a more fundamental quantity that has a more significant connection with the sample morphology than intensity in the strongly scattering regime. Experimental and theoretical studies on the dynamics of droplet condensation in a high‐pressure environment (up to 2500 Pa) successfully demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the framework and that the overwhelmed signal of interest in ESEM images can be reconstructed through information stored in the time domain, i.e., frames captured at different moments.
Mitochondrial energetic impairment in a patient with late‐onset glutaric acidemia Type 2
Authors: Xiao Changrui , Astiazaran‐Symonds Esteban , Basu Shrabani , Kisling Monisha , Scaglia Fernando , Chapman Kimberly A. , Wang Yudong , Vockley Jerry , Ferreira Carlos R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlutaric acidemia type 2 (GA2), also called multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, is an autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism resulting in excretion of multiple organic acids and glycine conjugates as well as elevation of various plasma acylcarnitine species (C4–C18). It is caused by mutations in the ETFA, ETFB, or ETFDH genes which are involved in the transfer of electrons from 11 flavin‐containing dehydrogenases to Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). We report a patient who was originally reported as the first case with primary myopathic CoQ10 deficiency when he presented at 11.5 years with exercise intolerance and myopathy that improved after treatment with ubiquinone and carnitine. At age 23, his symptoms relapsed despite increasing doses of ubiquinone and he was shown to have biallelic mutations in the ETFDH gene. Treatment with riboflavin was started and ubiquinone was changed to ubiquinol. After 4 months, the patient recovered his muscle strength with normalization of laboratory exams and exercise tolerance. Functional studies on fibroblasts revealed decreased levels of ETFDH as well as of very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase and trifunctional protein α. In addition, the mitochondrial mass was decreased, with increased formation of reactive oxygen species and oxygen consumption rate, but with a decreased spared respiratory capacity, and decreased adenosine triphosphate level. These findings of widespread dysfunction of fatty acid oxidation and ETC enzymes support the impairment of a larger mitochondrial ETC supercomplex in our patient.
Visual detection and fruit selection by the mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata)
Authors: Sánchez‐Solano Karem G. , Morales‐Mávil Jorge É. , Laska Matthias , Melin Amanda , Hernández‐Salazar Laura T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHowler monkeys (platyrrhini) have evolved routine trichromatic color vision independently from catarrhines, which presents an opportunity to test hypotheses concerning the adaptive value of distinguishing reddish from greenish hues. A longstanding hypothesis posits that trichromacy aids in the efficient detection of reddish‐ripe fruits, which could be an advantage for the detection of the nutritional content of the fruit, such as sugars. In the present study, we assessed fruit visual conspicuity and selection based on color and sucrose content by wild mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) on Agaltepec Island, Mexico. We used colorimetry to classify dietary fruits as cryptic (greenish) or conspicuous (reddish) against their background leaves. Species‐specific color models indicate that trichromatic howler monkeys should be more efficient in discriminating the conspicuous ripe fruits from leaves compared to detecting cryptic ripe fruits from leaves. We found howler monkeys consume more cryptic fruits compared to conspicuous fruits, and that they consume more unripe fruits than ripe fruits. The consumption (acceptance) of fruit was independent of sucrose content, and thus this disaccharide may not play an essential role in mantled howler food selection. Our findings suggest that routine trichromatic color vision may aid in the detection and discrimination of conspicuously colored fruits, but that the final decision whether to accept or reject a fruit probably involves the use of other senses in addition to vision.
Perspective on the “African American participation in Alzheimer disease research: Effective strategies” workshop, 2018
Authors: Denny Andrea , Streitz Marissa , Stock Kristin , Balls‐Berry Joyce E. , Barnes Lisa L. , Byrd Goldie S. , Croff Raina , Gao Sujuan , Glover Crystal M. , Hendrie Hugh C. , Hu William T. , Manly Jennifer J. , Moulder Krista L. , Stark Susan , Thomas Stephen B. , Whitmer Rachel , Wong Roger , Morris John C. , Lingler Jennifer H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Washington University School of Medicine Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center's “African American Participation in Alzheimer Disease Research: Effective Strategies” Workshop convened to address a major limitation of the ongoing scientific progress regarding Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD): participants in most ADRD research programs overwhelmingly have been limited to non‐Hispanic white persons, thus precluding knowledge as to how ADRD may be represented in non‐white individuals. Factors that may contribute to successful recruitment and retention of African Americans into ADRD research were discussed and organized into actionable next steps as described within this report.