bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematical Study of the Stabilization and Electrochemical Behavior of Li and Mg Polysulfides
Authors: Bieker Georg , Diddens Diddo , Bieker Peter , Winter Martin , Kolek Martin 
Published: February 2020

Magnesium-based chemistries are of high interest to the battery research community because of the high capacity and abundance of the Mg as anode material. Although providing a high anode capacity, the bivalency of the Mg cation is also the bottleneck of Mg-based batteries. The solid-state diffusion of the highly charged, small Mg2+-ion is accompanied by high activation energies limiting the choice of insertion cathode materials with reasonable cell voltages and capacities. In contrast, the conversion-type sulfur cathode has been demonstrated as a promising cathode material to be combined with the magnesium electrode. As intensively investigated in Li/S cells, also in Mg/S batteries one key issue is the emergence of bivalent Sx
2− and radical Sy
●− polysulfide intermediates during charge/discharge. The diffusion of these polysulfides into the electrolyte leads to capacity fading at the cathode and side reactions at the metal anode. These species thus have a great influence on the cycling performance of the respective cells.
In a systematical study, the fundamental electrochemical behavior as well as the solubility and stabilization of Li and Mg polysulfides was investigated in a broad variety of solvents. Thereby, we focused on the solvent-depending influence of Li+ and Mg2+ cations on the polysulfide species. Firstly, the disproportionation and dissociation equilibria of “Li2S8“ and “MgS8” in DMSO, DMF, ACN, THF, DME, TEGDME, and Pyr14TFSI solutions were investigated via UV/Vis spectroscopy.[1] The findings were combined with methodic quantum chemical calculations of the stability of the individual polysulfide species in these solutions. Thereby, also the influence of LiTFSI and MgTFSI2 was examined. Secondly, the influence of the solvent and cation-coordination on the electrochemical behavior was studied in cyclic voltammetry measurements.
It could be shown that the stabilization of different polysulfide species is not only determined by the solvents’ relative dielectric permittivity and donor number, but also depends on the coordination by either Li+ or Mg2+ cations in a mutual interplay with the solvent. This interplay will be presented to be essential for the reactions and occurring overpotentials and therefore gives insight in the role of the cation in determining the charge and discharge mechanism of the sulfur cathode.[1,2]

Acknowledgement: German Federal Ministry for Education and Research ‘MgMeAnS’ (03XP0140).

References:

[1] Bieker, G. et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2017, 19 (18), 11152-11162.
[2] Bieker, G. et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 2018, 122 (38), 21770-21783.
Tackling the Development of Rechargeable Calcium Batteries: The Carbat Project
Authors: Palacin M. Rosa , Black Ashley , Tchitchekova Deyana , Johansson Patrik , Araujo Rafael B. , Aren Fabian , Arroyo-de Dompablo M. Elena , Torres Arturo , Tortajada José , Luque Javier , Wuersig Andreas , Bremes Hans G 
Published: February 2020

While the cost of the state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage technology, the Li-ion battery (LIB), has been reduced by 8% at the pack level annually during the last decade,(1) it is now reaching its fundamental limits in terms of energy density. Furthermore, the risk of limited lithium supply and associated cost increases cannot be ignored. Therefore, new sustainable battery chemistries must be developed. Calcium based rechargeable batteries are proposed to help solving some of the Grand Challenges our modern society is facing: pollution, oil-dependency, and climate change.
Batteries based on Ca have promise of leap-frog increase in energy densities and are especially attractive as it is the 5th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and can indeed be used as a metallic anode with conventional wide potential window electrolytes (2,3). The CARBAT project builds on this breakthrough and its main objective is to achieve proof-of-concept for a Ca anode rechargeable battery. CARBAT combines scientific efforts of computational screening, solid-state and coordination chemistry, materials science, electrochemistry, and battery engineering, and apply these to: (i) develop cathode active materials operating at 4 V and with capacities of 200-300 mAh/g, (ii) optimize electrolyte formulations for fast Ca2+ transport (>1 mS/cm), and finally (iii) assemble a 100 mAh cell demonstrator. All developed materials and cells are validated and benchmarked vs. state-of-the-art LIB technology, both in terms of performance and sustainability indicators.
(1) Nykvist, B.; Nilsson, M. Nat. Clim. Change., 2015, 5, 329.
(2) Muldoon, J. Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 11683.
(3) Ponrouch, A.; Frontera, C.; Barde, F.; Palacin, M.R. Nat. Mater. 2016, 15, 169.
Li-Rich Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Na Batteries: Ion-Exchange Method
Authors: Bublil Shaul 
Published: February 2020

The relatively low capacity and limited cycling retention of many known Na-ion battery prototypes are presumably due to the fact that most of the cathode materials undergo multiple phase transformations which lead to instability during cycling (due to stresses that challenge their crystal structure). Such structural transformations and the consequent instability of Na ions insertion cathodes could be one of the major problems that limit the practical development of Na-ion batteries.
To overcome this issue, we investigated new cathode compounds that are synthesized through Li–Na ion exchange. We start from O3-Li rich cathode materials and produced by electrochemical ion exchange the new cathode material Na1Li0.05Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.2O2-x.
Also, the stability of electrochemically prepared Na insertion cathode materials in cycling experiments was insufficient for practical consideration. In turn, cathodes prepared from the same Li precursors coated by a thin layer of alumina via atomic layer deposition, followed by electrochemical Na/Li ion exchange, demonstrated stable capacity (>170 mAh/g) during prolonged cycling. Their average discharge voltage was 300 mV higher compared to the counterpart uncoated Na intercalation cathodes. The structure and behavior of these electrodes were thoroughly explored by a variety of analytical and surface tools, in conjunction with electrochemical techniques
(Invited) Green Materials for Sustainable Supercapacitors
Authors: Poli Federico , Spina Giovanni , Terella Antonio , Mashkour Mehrdad , Focarete Maria Letizia , Fabiani Davide , Santato Clara , Momodu Damilola , Manyala Ncholu , Soavi Francesca 
Published: February 2020

The exponential increase of energy storage systems like batteries and supercapacitors is paralleled by the growing need of minimizing the environmental and economic impact of disassembly and recycling of waste devices.
Today, electrode and separator processing greatly contribute to device cost and environmental footprint.
The use of water-processable, biodegradable electrodes and separators is a viable approach to develop green and easy-to-dispose devices. Natural polymers processed by aqueous solutions are a very promising alternative to fluorinated polymers like polyvinylidene difluoride that also requires the use of the toxic N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent.
Electrospinning is an emerging technology for the preparation of free-standing fiber mats to be used as electrode materials and separators in supercapacitors.
Here, the strategies to develop green supercapacitors making use of natural binders and separators and bio-derived electrodes are presented. In particular, the performance of supercapacitors making use of cellulose and pullulan membranes prepared by electrospinning are reported and compared to those of devices featuring cellulose separators produced by bacteria.

Acknowledgments

The research has been carried out under the Italy-South Africa joint Research Programme 2018-2020 and the Executive Bilateral Program Italy-Quebec 2017-2019, Italian Ministers of Foreign Affairs and of the Environment.

References

[1] M. Yassine, D. Fabris, Energies, 10 (2017) 1340
[2] B. Dyatkin, V. Presser, M. Heon, M. R. Lukatskaya, M. Beidaghi, Y. Gogotsi, ChemSusChem, 6 (2013) 2269 -2280.
[3] D. Bresser, D. Buchholz, A. Moretti, A. Varzi, S. Passerini, Energy & Environmental Science, 11 (2018) 3096-3127
[4] P. Kumar, E. Di Mauro, S. Zhang, A. Pezzella, F. Soavi, C. Santato, F. Cicoira, J. Mater. Chem. C, 4 (2016) 9516.
[5] S. Chen, S. He, H. Hou, Current Organic Chemistry, 17 (2013) 1402-1410
[6] F. Poli, D. Momodu, A. Terella, M. L. Focarete, N. Manyala, F. Soavi, Energy Storage Materials, submitted.
Past Continuous: The Yerushalmi’s Account of Honi’s Long Sleep and Its Roots in Second Temple Era Literature
Authors: Simon-Shoshan Moshe 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Palestinian version of the seventy-year sleep of Honi Hamʿagel in y. Taʿanit 3:9 (66d), is an example of a rabbinic narrative deeply rooted in the culture of pre-rabbinic Judaism. Its authors were familiar with three distinct literary-historical traditions found in earlier texts: the depiction of Simon the high priest in Ben Sira; the account of Nehemiah hiding and restoring the fire of the temple altar in 2 Maccabees; and the story of Abimelech’s decades-long nap preserved in 4 Baruch and The History of the Babylonian Captivity. These three traditions were already connected to each other as part of a wider network of texts, traditions, and collective memory about the Babylonian exile and the return to Zion. The creators of the Honi story built on and extended this body of cultural materials, creating an original work about the continuity of Jewish life and tradition from the biblical era to their own.
The Role of the Medical Officer in the Soldier’s Enhancement
Authors: Bouvet Renaud 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Increasing a soldier’s perception, action and survival abilities responds to an operational need justified by the evolution of the battlefield. The available or conceivable means are multiple, including invasive techniques involving the soldier’s mind and body. This field of intervention places the medical officer at the centre of the debate, as a guarantor of the soldier’s aptitude for combat, and as a possible actor of the soldier’s enhancement. The conditions of consent and medical necessity seem overwhelmed by the challenges of using a technique of enhancement in this context. Consent indeed appears necessary, but insufficient to justify its implementation, and the requirement of medical necessity seems obsolete, as the normal/pathological dichotomy that structures the medical thought is outdated, the goal being to reach a “supranormality”. Moreover, the decision-making process creates a tension concerning the articulation of the aim of medical practice with the operational objectives.
Which Contributes to Meniscal Repair, the Synovium or the Meniscus? An In Vivo Rabbit Model Study With the Freeze-Thaw Method
Authors: Kim WooYoung , Onodera Tomohiro , Kondo Eiji , Terkawi Mohamad Alaa , Homan Kentaro , Hishimura Ryosuke , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: February 2020

Background: During meniscal tissue repair, the origin of the reparative cells of damaged meniscal tissue remains unclear. Hypothesis: Comparison of the influence between meniscal and synovial tissues on meniscal repair by the in vivo freeze-thaw method would clarify the origin of meniscal reparative cells. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 48 mature Japanese white rabbits were divided into 4 groups according to the tissue (meniscal or synovial) that received freeze-thaw treatment. The meniscus of each group had a 2 mm–diameter cylindrical defect filled with alginate gel. Macroscopic and histologic evaluations of the reparative tissues were performed at 1, 3, and 6 weeks postoperatively. Additional postoperative measurements included cell density, which was the number of meniscal cells in the cut area per cut area (mm2) of meniscus; cell density ratio, which was the cell density of the sample from each group per the average cell density of the intact meniscus; and cell death rate, which was the number of cells stained by propidium iodide per the number of cells stained by Hoechst 33342 of the meniscal tissue adjacent to the defect. Results: The macroscopic and histologic evaluations of the non–synovium freeze-thaw groups were significantly superior to those of the synovium freeze-thaw groups at 3 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Additionally, the meniscal cell density ratio and cell death rate in the freeze-thaw groups were significantly lower than those in the non–meniscal freeze-thaw groups at 3 and 6 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion: The freeze-thawed meniscus recovered few cells in its tissue even after 6 weeks. However, the defect was filled with fibrochondrocytes and proteoglycan when the synovium was intact. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that synovial cells are the primary contributors to meniscal injury repair. Clinical Relevance: In meniscal tissue engineering, there is no consensus on the best cell source for meniscal repair. Based on this study, increasing the synovial activity and contribution should be the main objective of meniscal tissue engineering. This study can establish the foundation for future meniscal tissue engineering.
Competency-Based Medical Education in Radiology: A Survey of Medical Student Perceptions
Authors: Yang Joseph , Jomaa Danny , Islam Omar , Mussari Benedetto , Laverty Corinne , Kwan Benjamin Yin Ming 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Implementing competency-based medical education in diagnostic radiology residencies will change the paradigm of learning and assessment for residents. The objective of this study is to evaluate medical student perceptions of competency-based medical education in diagnostic radiology programs and how this may affect their decision to pursue a career in diagnostic radiology. Methods: First-, second-, and third-year medical students at a Canadian university were invited to complete a 14-question survey containing a mix of multiple choice, yes/no, Likert scale, and open-ended questions. This aimed to collect information on students’ understanding and perceptions of competency-based medical education and how the transition to competency-based medical education would factor into their decision to enter a career in diagnostic radiology. Results: The survey was distributed to 300 medical students and received 63 responses (21%). Thirty-seven percent of students had an interest in pursuing diagnostic radiology that ranged from interested to committed and 46% reported an understanding of competency-based medical education and its learning approach. The implementation of competency-based medical education in diagnostic radiology programs was reported to be a positive factor by 70% of students and almost all reported that breaking down residency into measurable milestones and required case exposure was beneficial. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that medical students perceive competency-based medical education to be a beneficial change to diagnostic radiology residency programs. The changes accompanying the transition to competency-based medical education were favored by students and factored into their residency decision-making.
Impact of 24/7/365 Attending Radiologist Coverage on the Turnaround Time in an Emergency and Trauma Radiology Department
Authors: Jalal Sabeena , Ouellette Hugue , Ante Zharmaine , Munk Peter , Khosa Faisal , Nicolaou Savvas 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To study the impact of 24/7/365 attending radiologist coverage on the turnaround time (TAT) of trauma and nontrauma cases in an emergency and trauma radiology department. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective chart review in which TAT of patients coming to the emergency department between 2 periods: (1) December 1, 2012, to September 30, 2013, and (2) January 1, 2017, to January 30, 2018, and whose reports were read by an attending emergency and trauma radiologist was noted. Results: The 24/7/365 radiology coverage was associated with a significant reduction in TAT of computed tomography reports, and the time reduction was comparable between trauma and nontrauma cases. In adjusted models, the extension of radiology coverage was associated with an average of 7.83 hours reduction in overall TAT (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.44-8.22) for reports related to trauma, in which 2.73 hours were due to reduction in completion to transcription time (TC; 95% CI: 2.53-2.93), and 5.10 hours were due to reduction in transcription to finalization time (TF; 95% CI: 4.75-5.44). For reports related to nontrauma cases, 24/7/365 coverage was associated with an average of 6.07 hours reduction in overall TAT (95% CI: 3.54-8.59), 2.91 hours reduction in TC (95% CI: 1.55-4.26), and 3.16 hours reduction in TF (95% CI: 0.90-5.42). Conclusion: Our pilot study demonstrates that the implementation of on-site 24/7/365 attending emergency radiology coverage at a tertiary care center was associated with a reduced TAT for trauma and nontrauma patients imaging studies. Although the magnitude and precision of estimates were slightly higher for trauma cases as compared to nontrauma cases. Trauma examinations stand to benefit the most from 24/7/365 attending level radiology coverage.
Macular atrophy development in neovascular age-related macular degeneration during first year of treatment: Incidence and risk factors
Authors: Oliveira Mariana A , Farinha Cláudia , Rodrigues Tiago M , Martins Amélia , Cachulo Maria da Luz , Marques João Pedro , Pires Isabel , Silva Rufino 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To assess the development of macular atrophy, according to the new Classification of Atrophy Meetings criteria, in patients with treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration during the first year of treatment with ranibizumab or aflibercept, and to determine baseline factors predictive of atrophy development. Methods: Retrospective subanalysis of three prospective clinical trials that included eyes with treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Multimodal evaluation was performed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence and color fundus photography at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. The main outcome was the macular atrophy type, classified according to Classification of Atrophy Meeting criteria. Logistic regression models were built to test predictors of macular atrophy development. Results: A total of 85 eyes of 85 patients (63% female; mean age: 78.5 ± 6.3 years old) were included. After 12 months of antiangiogenic therapy, all four Classification of Atrophy Meeting types of macular atrophy developed de novo. The atrophy type with highest incidence at end of follow-up was incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (63.6%; 95% confidence interval: 45.9%–86.0%). A significant association was observed between development at 12 months and the presence of incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy at baseline (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 22.4 (1.6, 323.5)). The number of injections was predictive of complete outer retinal atrophy development at end of follow-up (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.5 (1.1, 2.1), p = 0.011). Conclusion: Predictors of atrophy development have the potential to change treatment practices. Further research is warranted.
En-face choroidal vascularity in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Wong Raymond Lai-Man , Singh Sumit Randhir , Rasheed Mohammed Abdul , Goud Abhilash , Chhablani Gunjan , Samantaray Srujanika , AnkiReddy Samantha , Vupparaboina Kiran Kumar , Chhablani Jay 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the choroidal vascularity index of eyes for acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy patients using swept-source optical coherence tomography generated en-face scans. Methods: This was a retrospective study, in which slabs of en-face optical coherence tomography scans, at 5 μm intervals, spanning from the retina to choroid, were binarized using a validated algorithm to calculate choroidal vascularity index. The choroidal vascularity index was defined as the ratio between the choroidal vascular luminal area and the total choroidal area. Choroidal vascularity index was calculated for all the slabs of every subject in both the groups. Results: A total of 30 eyes for each acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy groups were recruited. The mean choroidal vascularity index of the acute group was 45.21% ± 2.25% at the choriocapillaris, which increased to the maximal value of 48.35% ± 2.06% at 75% depth of the choroidal thickness and 45.31% ± 3.27% at the choroidoscleral interface; whereas for the chronic group, the mean choroidal vascularity index was 44.76% ± 2.60% at the choriocapillaris, which maximized at 50% choroidal depth (48.70% ± 1.32%) and then returned to 45.41% ± 6.02% at the choroidoscleral interface. Conclusion: For both groups, the choroidal vascularity index increased from choriocapillaris to maximum values at mid-choroid and returned to almost the choriocapillaris value at the choroidoscleral interface.
A biomechanical comparison of the main anterolateral procedures used in combination with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Neri Thomas , Dabirrahmani Dane , Beach Aaron , Putnis Sven , Oshima Takeshi , Cadman Joseph , Coolican Myles , Fritsch Brett , Devitt Brian , Appleyard Richard , Parker David 
Published: February 2020

Background: None of the anterolateral procedures used in combination with ACL reconstruction (ACLR) to control rotational laxity have demonstrated superiority. The objective was to compare the capacity of the main anterolateral procedures associated with ACLR to restore intact knee kinematics in case of combined ACL and anterolateral structure injury. Methods: The complete kinematics of 10 cadaveric knees, previously modelled by TDM, were recorded using a 3D Motion Analysis® system. Intact knee kinematics, including internal rotation (IR) of the tibial and anterior-posterior (AP) laxity at 30 and 90° flexion were initially assessed, followed by a sequential section of the ACL and anterolateral complex (ALC) (anterolateral ligament (ALL), ALL capsule and Kaplan fibers). After the ACLR, 5 anterolateral procedures were performed consecutively on the same knee: ALLR; Ellison; Deep Lemaire; Superficial Lemaire; and MacIntosh. The last three procedures were randomized. For each procedure, the graft was fixed in neutral rotation at 30° flexion with a tension of 20 N. Results: ACLR alone did not restore overall knee kinematics when there was an ACL+ALC injury, and resulted in residual rotational laxity of the tibia (p > 0.001). Only the ALLR (p=0.262) and modified Ellison (p=0.081) procedures restored normal global IR kinematics. Superficial/deep Lemaire and MacIntosh procedures resulted in over-constrained kinematic profiles (respectively: p=0.013, p=0.018 and p=0.030). In terms of ACLR, the addition of an anterolateral procedure did not provide additional control over AP translation at 30 and 90° (p > 0.05), exception for the surficial Lemaire procedure at 90° (p = 0.032). Discussion: ACLR alone was not sufficient to restore normal kinematics in ACL and ALC-deficient knees. ALLR and Ellison procedures restored physiological kinematics, unlike the MacIntosh procedure which caused additional control of IR and thereby induced over-constraint. Conclusion: The addition of ALLR or the modified Ellison procedure, which restore intrinsic kinematics, might be useful during primary ACL reconstruction to avoid repeated injury without a risk of over-constraint. The superficial/deep Lemaire and MacIntosh procedures resulted in over-constrained kinetics but provided additional rotation control that could be useful in revision surgery.