bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive validity of the Hand Assessment for Infants in infants at risk of unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Ryll Ulrike C , Krumlinde‐Sundholm Lena , Verhage Cornelia H , Sicola Elisa , Sgandurra Giuseppina , Bastiaenen Caroline HG , Eliasson Ann‐Christin 
Published: November 2020

AimTo evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI) in identifying infants at risk of being diagnosed with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP), and to determine cut‐off values for this purpose.MethodA convenience sample of 203 infants (106 females, 97 males) was assessed by the HAI at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Cut‐off values were derived for different ages. The clinical outcome (unilateral CP yes/no) at 24 months or more served as an external criterion to investigate the predictive validity of HAI.ResultsHalf of the infants developed unilateral CP. The area under the curve ranged from 0.77 (95% CI [confidence interval] 0.63–0.91) to 0.95 (95% CI 0.90–1.00) across HAI scales and age intervals. Likewise, sensitivity ranged from 63% to 93%, specificity from 62% to 91%, and accuracy from 73% to 94%.InterpretationHAI scores demonstrated overall accuracy that ranged from very good to excellent in predicting unilateral CP in infants at risk aged between 3.5 and 12 months. This accuracy increased with age at assessment and the earliest possible prediction was at 3.5 months of age, when appropriate HAI cut‐off values for different ages were applied.
What this paper adds

The Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI) predicts unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) with high accuracy.

HAI cut‐off values can guide clinical practice for early identification and diagnosis of unilateral CP.
Health literacy of people living with mental illness or substance use disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Degan Tayla J. , Kelly Peter J. , Robinson Laura D. , Deane Frank P. , Smith Anna M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimHealth literacy is one's ability to use cognitive and social skills to access, understand and appraise health information. Despite poor health outcomes of people living with mental illness there is limited research assessing their health literacy. This systematic review aims to synthesise research on health literacy rates, conceptualizations, and outcomes of people living with mental illness, including substance use disorders. This will provide insights into how health literacy might be targeted to reduce these health inequities.MethodsA search of published literature in multiple databases up until February 2019 was conducted. One reviewer screened the titles, abstracts and keywords of identified publications and the eligibility of all full‐text publications were assessed for inclusion along with a second reviewer. Both reviewers independently rated the quality of the included studies.ResultsFourteen studies were included in the review. Rates and measures of health literacy varied. Low health literacy and health literacy weaknesses were identified. There is a lack of research on the relationship between health literacy and other outcomes, particularly health service engagement.ConclusionThe review highlights the high rates of low health literacy within this population compared with general populations. Most studies used a functional health literacy measure, despite its limitations, with only a few using multidimensional measures. Overall, there is limited research examining the impact that this populations health literacy has on their recovery and how it affects them over time. The review emphasizes the importance of practitioners assessing and targeting health literacy needs when working with this population.
Contract costs, stakeholder capitalism, and ESG
Authors: Fama Eugene F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObserved contract structures are competitive solutions to the problem of maximizing stakeholder welfare when contracting is costly. Winning contract structures typically set fixed payoffs for most stakeholders, with residual risk borne by shareholders, who then get most of the decision rights. With rising interest in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues, there is sentiment for replacing the max shareholder wealth decision rule with max shareholder welfare. This view does not recognize that investors view max welfare in terms of their overall consumption‐investment portfolios. Since firms are not privy to the total ESG exposures of shareholders, max shareholder wealth is the appropriate decision rule.
Examining barriers to timely waitlisting for kidney transplantation for Indigenous Australians in Central Australia
Authors: Tiong Mark K. , Thomas Sajan , Fernandes David K. , Cherian Sajiv 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIndigenous Australians are disproportionately affected by end stage kidney disease. Despite this, they face significant delays being assessed and waitlisted for kidney transplant.AimsTo examine the kidney transplant waitlisting process in our region, to compare the workup process between Indigenous Australians and non‐Indigenous patients, and identify major sources of delay.MethodsWe analysed the records of all patients being treated by our service who were on the kidney transplant waitlist between January 2017 and June 2018. Between‐group differences were used to compare the time between commencement of dialysis and completion of each component of assessment. Patients who had more than 1 year between commencement of dialysis and waitlisting were further analysed for major sources of delay.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were included (20 Indigenous Australians and 5 non‐Indigenous). The median time to waitlisting for transplant after commencing dialysis was significantly longer in the Indigenous group (1215 vs 264 days, P = 0.032). Indigenous Australian patients waited longer before commencing the transplant assessment process and before completing dental assessment, tissue typing and review by the transplant nephrologist and surgeon. Five patients (two Indigenous Australians, three non‐Indigenous) were waitlisted within 1 year of commencing dialysis. Among the remaining 20 patients, cardiac and systems issues were the two most common major sources of delay.ConclusionIndigenous Australian patients face significant delays accessing the kidney transplant waitlist. Cardiac assessment and systems issues are prominent sources of delay and efforts to address these areas may help to improve equity of access to kidney transplantation.
Incidence, risk factors, and clinical impact of peridevice leak following left atrial appendage closure with the LAmbre device—Data from a prospective multicenter clinical study
Authors: Wang Guangji , Kong Bin , Qin Tianyou , Liu Yu , Huang Congxin , Huang He 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the present study, we sought to explore the incidence, risk factors, and clinical impact of peridevice leaks (PDLs), following LAmbre‐assisted left atrial appendage closure (LAAC).MethodsWe performed transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) on patients participating in the LAmbre multicenter study, at Day 1 postimplantation, then at 3 and 12 months to assess PDL, device‐related thrombus, left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus, and left atrial thrombus. Clinical events were recorded during follow‐up.ResultA total of 152 patients with atrial fibrillation successfully completed LAAC. At 3 months follow‐up, 123 patients underwent TEE, with 21 (17%) of them presenting PDL. Among the 121 patients who underwent TEE at 12 months follow‐up, 19 (15.7%) presented PDL. Patients with PDL exhibited larger LAA orifice diameters and larger device sizes compared to those in the no leak group. In addition, we found no significant differences in thromboembolic events between patients in the PDL and no leak groups.ConclusionLAmbre‐assisted LAA closure resulted in a relatively low PDL occurrence, and its rate decreased over time. In addition, PDL was more prominent in patients with larger LAA orifice diameter and larger device size. However, the condition was not associated with an increased risk for thromboembolic events.
New approaches to skin photodamage histology—Differentiating 'good' versus 'bad' Elastin
Authors: Widgerow Alan D. , Napekoski Karl 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhotodamage creates changes within the skin layers known as solar elastosis. This presents as fragmentation of collagen and elastin fibers, decreases in the extracellular matrix (ECM) ground substance, as well as hyaluronic acid decrease in the thinning epidermis. Traditional immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining has failed to differentiate degenerated elastin from new elastin fibers generated with various topical strategies.AimsA combination of stains that can offer a regenerative narrative distinguishing newly formed collagen and elastin from that of degenerated protein, thus distinguishing “good” vs “bad” elastin.MethodsA series of stains were explored based on their ability to identify early regenerative changes within epidermal, dermal, and ECM areas to examine consistency of outcomes and reliability.ResultsA combination of Movat, fibrillin, elafin, and versican for elastogenesis and reversal of solar elastosis. CD44 for HA status (mainly epidermal) and Herovici stain for identifying early collagenesis in the ECM provides a comprehensive range of stains for identifying new elastin and collagenConclusionThis suggested stain combination appears to offer an ideal collection of stains for identifying regenerative events within the skin layers.
Programmed cell death as a black queen in microbial communities
Authors: Ndhlovu Andrew , Durand Pierre M. , Ramsey Grant 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) in unicellular organisms is in some instances an altruistic trait. When the beneficiaries are clones or close kin, kin selection theory may be used to explain the evolution of the trait, and when the trait evolves in groups of distantly related individuals, group or multilevel selection theory is invoked. In mixed microbial communities, the benefits are also available to unrelated taxa. But the evolutionary ecology of PCD in communities is poorly understood. Few hypotheses have been offered concerning the community role of PCD despite its far‐reaching effects. The hypothesis we consider here is that PCD is a black queen. The Black Queen Hypothesis (BQH) outlines how public goods arising from a leaky function are exploited by other taxa in the community. Black Queen (BQ) traits are essential for community survival, but only some members bear the cost of possessing them, while others lose the trait In addition, BQ traits have been defined in terms of adaptive gene loss, and it is unknown whether this has occurred for PCD. Our conclusion is that PCD fulfils the two most important criteria of a BQ (leakiness and costliness), but that more empirical data are needed for assessing the remaining two criteria. In addition, we hold that for viewing PCD as a BQ, the original BQH needs to include social traits. Thus, despite some empirical and conceptual shortcomings, the BQH provides a helpful avenue for investigating PCD in microbial communities.
A novel 13C pulse‐labelling method to quantify the contribution of rhizodeposits to soil respiration in a grassland exposed to drought and nitrogen addition
Authors: Wang Ruzhen , Bicharanloo Bahareh , Shirvan Milad Bagheri , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Jiang Yong , Keitel Claudia , Dijkstra Feike A. 
Published: November 2020

Summary

Rhizodeposition plays an important role in below‐ground carbon (C) cycling. However, quantification of rhizodeposition in intact plant–soil systems has remained elusive due to methodological issues.

We used a 13C‐CO2 pulse‐labelling method to quantify the contribution of rhizodeposition to below‐ground respiration. Intact plant–soil cores were taken from a grassland field, and in half, shoots and roots were removed (unplanted cores). Both unplanted and planted cores were assigned to drought and nitrogen (N) treatments. Afterwards, shoots in planted cores were pulse labelled with 13C‐CO2 and then clipped to determine total below‐ground respiration and its δ13C. Simultaneously, δ13C was measured for the respiration of live roots, soils with rhizodeposits, and unplanted treatments, and used as endmembers with which to determine root respiration and rhizodeposit C decomposition using two‐source mixing models.

Rhizodeposit decomposition accounted for 7–31% of total below‐ground respiration. Drought reduced decomposition of both rhizodeposits and soil organic carbon (SOC), while N addition increased root respiration but not the contribution of rhizodeposit C decomposition to below‐ground respiration.

This study provides a new approach for the partitioning of below‐ground respiration into different sources, and indicates that decomposition of rhizodeposit C is an important component of below‐ground respiration that is sensitive to drought and N addition in grassland ecosystems.
The Arabidopsis leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase MIK2 is a crucial component of early immune responses to a fungal‐derived elicitor
Authors: Coleman Alexander D. , Maroschek Julian , Raasch Lars , Takken Frank L.W. , Ranf Stefanie , Hückelhoven Ralph 
Published: November 2020

Summary

Fusarium spp. cause severe economic damage in many crops, exemplified by Panama disease of banana or Fusarium head blight of wheat. Plants sense immunogenic patterns (termed elicitors) at the cell surface to initiate pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI). Knowledge of fungal elicitors and corresponding plant immune‐signaling is incomplete but could yield valuable sources of resistance.

We characterized Arabidopsis thaliana PTI responses to a peptide elicitor fraction present in several Fusarium spp. and employed a forward‐genetic screen using plants containing a cytosolic calcium reporter to isolate fusarium elicitor reduced elicitation (fere) mutants.

We mapped the causal mutation in fere1 to the leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase MDIS1‐INTERACTING RECEPTOR‐LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) and confirmed a crucial role of MIK2 in fungal elicitor perception. MIK2‐dependent elicitor responses depend on known signaling components and transfer of AtMIK2 is sufficient to confer elicitor sensitivity to Nicotiana benthamiana.

Arabidopsis senses Fusarium elicitors by a novel receptor complex at the cell surface that feeds into common PTI pathways. These data increase mechanistic understanding of PTI to Fusarium and place MIK2 at a central position in Arabidopsis elicitor responses.
Sex‐specific Differences in Multisite Pain Presentation among Adults with Lower‐Limb Loss
Authors: Beisheim Emma Haldane , Seth Mayank , Horne John Robert , Hicks Gregory Evan , Pohlig Ryan Todd , Sions Jaclyn Megan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesMultisite pain remains significantly understudied following lower‐limb loss (LLL), especially among females. This study aimed to explore sex‐specific differences in the presentation of multisite pain post LLL. Hypotheses were multisite pain would be more prevalent among females post LLL as compared with males, and female sex would be significantly associated with multisite pain prevalence.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, participants answered standardized questions regarding the presence of amputation‐specific (ie, phantom‐limb, residual‐limb) and secondary (ie, contralateral‐limb, low‐back) pain. Multisite pain was defined as pain in ≥ 2 locations. Sex‐specific differences in pain prevalence were evaluated using chi‐square tests (P ≤ 0.050). Using logistic regression, the association between sex and multisite pain was examined after controlling for covariates (age, body mass index, time since amputation, amputation etiology and level).ResultsThe sample included 303 adults (33% females) ≥ 1 year post unilateral LLL. More females than males reported pain in the residual limb (53.0% vs. 38.4%), low back (56.0% vs. 39.9%), contralateral knee (37.0% vs. 24.1%), and contralateral hip (25.0% vs. 12.3%;P < 0.050). More females than males were classified as having multisite pain (72.0% vs. 54.7%;P = 0.004). While patterns of multisite pain were similar (ie, pain affected both amputation‐specific and secondary sites) between sexes, being female was independently associated with higher odds of having multisite pain (odds ratio: 2.40, 95% confidence interval: 1.40 to 4.12).DiscussionFemale sex appears to be associated with multisite pain ≥ 1 year after LLL. Future work is needed to identify mechanisms underlying sex‐specific differences in pain presentation and evaluate the impact of sex on pain‐related outcomes post amputation.
Using Visual Feedback Manipulation in Virtual Reality to Influence Pain‐Free Range of Motion in People with Nonspecific Neck Pain
Authors: Kragting Maaike , Schuiling Stefan F. , Voogt Lennard , Pool‐Goudzwaard Annelies L. , Coppieters Michel W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBased on associative learning theories it is hypothesized that pain might be a conditioned response. In people with musculoskeletal pain, the occurrence of movement‐induced pain might be a protective response, influenced by visual cues suggesting that the person is approaching a painful position. This study aimed to determine (1) whether the pain‐free range of motion (ROM) increased and decreased when visual feedback understated or overstated true rotation in people with neck pain and (2) whether this effect was more pronounced if pain was chronic.MethodPeople with subacute and chronic nonspecific neck pain wore a VR‐headset and rotated their head to the left and right until the onset of pain. Visual feedback about the amount of movement was either equal, 20% less, or 20% greater than their actual rotation. Maximal pain‐free ROM was measured using the VR‐headset sensors. Data were analyzed using a mixed‐design ANOVA.ResultsThere was no effect of visual feedback manipulation on pain‐free ROM (P = 0.13) and no interaction effect between the visual feedback condition and duration of pain (P = 0.86).DiscussionThe inability to influence pain‐free ROM by manipulating visual feedback in people with subacute or chronic neck pain does not support associative learning theories for the perception of neck pain.
Indicators of middle school students' mathematics enjoyment and confidence
Authors: Christensen Rhonda , Knezek Gerald 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA study involving 916 students spanning grades 5–8 was conducted to investigate indicators that may contribute to enjoyment and confidence in mathematics. For this group of middle school students, mathematics enjoyment, mathematics confidence, and attitudes toward school were found to generally decline across grade levels. Mathematics enjoyment and confidence were also found to differ significantly based upon student preferences for future careers. Gender differences as well as similarities regarding predictors of mathematics enjoyment and confidence were identified. Specifically, the best predictor for end of year mathematics enjoyment for males was beginning of year attitude toward school, while the most significant predictor of end of year enjoyment for females was beginning of year dispositions toward mathematics (semantic perception). A strong relationship between mathematics enjoyment and confidence overall was found, with indications that activities that increase mathematics enjoyment contribute to increased confidence, and also that activities that increase mathematics confidence contribute to increased enjoyment.
Donor‐derived renal allograft mucormycosis in a combined liver and kidney transplantation: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Thatipelli Sneha , Santoiemma Phillip , Echenique Ignacio A. , Green Richard , Ison Michael G. , Ladner Daniela , Kanwar Yashpal S. , Stosor Valentina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMucormycosis infrequently may present with isolated renal involvement. Among solid organ transplant recipients, renal allograft mucormycosis has been most often associated with medical tourism or transplantation outside of the western world. We report a case of an HIV/HCV co‐infected woman who underwent simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation with a Public Health Service increased risk donor organ. 16 days after transplant, she developed massive hematuria and was found to have renal allograftRhizopusspp. involvement, we surmise to have been from donor‐derived infection. Therapy included nephrectomy, debridement, liposomal amphotericin B, and posaconazole with survival. We reviewed PubMed indexed, English‐language cases of isolated renal mucormycosis in general, in HIV/AIDS, and from donor‐derived renal allograft infections.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: November 2020

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 12Gianpiero Greco, University of Study of Bari, ItalyHassan Shaaban, Atomic energy Authority, EgyptIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJohn Mark Asio, Gordon College, PhilippinesJonathan Chitiyo, University of Pittsburgh Bradford, USAKun-Hsi Liao, Taiwan Shoufu University, TaiwanLucy Lugo Mawang, Kenyatta University, KenyaMaría Jesús Fernández, University of Extremadura, SpainMary Sciaraffa, Eastern Kentucky University, USAMatt Varacallo, University of Kentucky, USAMaurizio Sajeva, Pellervo Economic Research PTT, FinlandMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMichail Kalogiannakis, University of Crete, GreeceNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASaadet Korucu Kis, Necmettin Erbakan University, TurkeySamah El-Sakka, Suez University, EgyptShu-wen Lin, Sojo University, JapanThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Thailand Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com