bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 7A5: A Human CD137 (4-1BB) Receptor Binding Monoclonal Antibody with Differential Agonist Properties That Promotes Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Kotanides Helen , Sattler Rose Marie , Lebron Maria B. , Carpenito Carmine , Shen Juqun , Li Jingxing , Surguladze David , Haidar Jaafar N. , Burns Colleen , Shen Leyi , Inigo Ivan , Pennello Anthony L. , Forest Amelie , Chen Xinlei , Chin Darin , Sonyi Andreas , Topper Michael , Boucher Lauren , Sharma Prachi , Zhang Yiwei , Burtrum Douglas , Novosiadly Ruslan D. , Ludwig Dale L. , Plowman Gregory D. , Kalos Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe CD137 receptor plays a key role in mediating immune response by promoting T cell proliferation, survival, and memory. Effective agonism of CD137 has the potential to reinvigorate potent antitumor immunity either alone or in combination with other immune-checkpoint therapies. In this study, we describe the discovery and characterization of a unique CD137 agonist, 7A5, a fully human IgG1 Fc effector-null monoclonal antibody. The biological properties of 7A5 were investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies. 7A5 binds CD137, and the binding epitope overlaps with the CD137L binding site based on structure. 7A5 engages CD137 receptor and activates NF-κB cell signaling independent of cross-linking or Fc effector function. In addition, T cell activation measured by cytokine IFNγ production is induced by 7A5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell costimulation assay. Human tumor xenograft mouse models reconstituted with human immune cells were used to determine antitumor activity in vivo. Monotherapy with 7A5 inhibits tumor growth, and this activity is enhanced in combination with a PD-L1 antagonist antibody. Furthermore, the intratumoral immune gene expression signature in response to 7A5 is highly suggestive of enhanced T cell infiltration and activation. Taken together, these results demonstrate 7A5 is a differentiated CD137 agonist antibody with biological properties that warrant its further development as a cancer immunotherapy.
Decision Tree Clinical Algorithm for Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly in Primary Health Care: Development, Test of Accuracy, and Time-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Pandhita S. Gea , Sutrisna Bambang , Wibowo Samekto , Adisasmita Asri C. , Rahardjo Tri Budi Wahyuni , Amir Nurmiati , Rustika Rustika , Kosen Soewarta , Syarif Syahrizal , Wreksoatmodjo Budi Riyanto 
Published: April 2020

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is predicted to be a common cognitive impairment in primary health care. Early detection and appropriate management of MCI can slow the rate of deterioration in cognitive deficits. The current methods for early detection of MCI have not been satisfactory for some doctors in primary health care. Therefore, an easy, fast, accurate and reliable method for screening of MCI in primary health care is needed. This study intends to develop a decision tree clinical algorithm based on a combination of simple neurological physical examination and brief cognitive assessment for distinguishing elderly with MCI from normal elderly in primary health care. This is a diagnostic study, comparative analysis in elderly with normal cognition and those presenting with MCI. We enrolled 212 elderly people aged 60.04–79.92 years old. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the existence of subjective memory complaints, history of lack of physical exercise, abnormal verbal semantic fluency, and poor one-leg balance were found to be predictors of MCI diagnosis (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001; <i>p</i> = 0.036; <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001; <i>p</i> = 0.013). The decision trees clinical algorithm, which is a combination of these variables, has a fairly good accuracy in distinguishing elderly with MCI from normal elderly (accuracy = 89.62%; sensitivity = 71.05%; specificity = 100%; positive predictive value = 100%; negative predictive value = 86.08%; negative likelihood ratio = 0.29; and time effectiveness ratio = 3.03). These results suggest that the decision tree clinical algorithm can be used for screening of MCI in the elderly in primary health care.
Brazilian red pepper leaves essential oil (Schinus terebinthifolius) in diets for feedlot lambs
Authors: Bertoloni Analisa Vasques , Polizel Daniel Montanher , Ferraz Júnior Marcos Vinícius De Castro , Oliveira Gabriela Bagio , Miszura Alexandre Arantes , Barroso José Paulo Roman , Martins André Storti , Sardinha Lairana Aline , Limede Arnaldo Cintra , Ferreira Evandro Maia , Pires Alexandre Vaz 
Published: April 2020

Essential oil (EO) from Brazilian red pepper leaves contains antimicrobial compounds that control Gram-positive bacteria in the rumen content, improving the efficiency of ruminal fermentation. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of the Brazilian red pepper leaves EO (Schinus terebinthifolius) as a substitute for monensin on performance, occurrence of coccidiosis by Eimeria ssp., carcass characteristics and meat composition of feedlot lambs. Forty-four lambs, 16 males (12 ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês and 4 Santa Inês) and 28 females (16 ½ Dorper × ½ Santa Inês and 12 Santa Inês), with 21.4 ± 1.05 kg of initial body weight (BW), were used in a randomized complete block design. The experiment lasted 56 days, divided into 2 periods of 28 days each. The treatments were defined by the inclusion of 8 ppm of monensin (MON), and the doses 0.14% (14EO), 0.28% (28EO) and 0.42% (42EO) of red pepper leaves essential oil (EO). At the end of 56 days, 32 lambs were slaughtered for the measurement of carcass parameters and meat composition. There was no interaction among treatments and periods for average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency (FE) and oocyst of Eimeria ssp. in feces. The treatments did not affect the ADG, DMI and FE; however, the monensin inclusion decreased the oocyst of Eimeria ssp. (P = 0.01). There was a tendency (P = 0.06) of increase in hot carcass yield for lambs fed 28EO compared to 14EO. In addition, the cold carcass yield was higher (P = 0.02) in the animals fed 28EO and 42EO. The subcutaneous fat thickness was not affected by the experimental diets; however, there was a tendency for lambs from 28EO and 42EO treatments to present higher body wall thickness (P = 0.07) and Longissimus muscle area (P = 0.07) when compared to MON. The higher doses of red pepper leaves EO increased the percentage of crude protein (P < 0.01) and mineral matter (P = 0.02) in the chemical composition of meat. Although the performance of lambs did not change, the inclusion of 0.28 and 0.42% red pepper leaves EO improve the carcass characteristics and change the meat composition, demonstrating the potential of the use of this additive in confined lamb diets. However, the monensin has greater potential to control coccidiosis in feedlot lambs compared with red pepper leaves EO.
Reduced Apolipoprotein M and Adverse Outcomes Across the Spectrum of Human Heart Failure
Authors: Chirinos Julio A. , Zhao Lei , Jia Yi , Frej Cecilia , Adamo Luigi , Mann Douglas , Shewale Swapnil V. , Millar John S. , Rader Daniel J. , French Benjamin , Brandimarto Jeff , Margulies Kenneth B. , Parks John S. , Wang Zhaoqing , Seiffert Dietmar A. , Fang James , Sweitzer Nancy , Chistoffersen Christina , Dahlbäck Björn , Car Bruce D. , Gordon David A. , Cappola Thomas P. , Javaheri Ali 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Apo (apolipoprotein) M mediates the physical interaction between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Apo M exerts anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects in animal models.

Methods:
In a subset of PHFS (Penn Heart Failure Study) participants (n=297), we measured apo M by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). We also measured total S1P by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and isolated HDL particles to test the association between apo M and HDL-associated S1P. We confirmed the relationship between apo M and outcomes using modified aptamer-based apo M measurements among 2170 adults in the PHFS and 2 independent cohorts: the Washington University Heart Failure Registry (n=173) and a subset of TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial; n=218). Last, we examined the relationship between apo M and ≈5000 other proteins (SomaScan assay) to identify biological pathways associated with apo M in heart failure.

Results:

In the PHFS, apo M was inversely associated with the risk of death (standardized hazard ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.51–0.61];
P
<0.0001) and the composite of death/ventricular assist device implantation/heart transplantation (standardized hazard ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.58–0.67];
P
<0.0001). This relationship was independent of HDL cholesterol or apo AI levels. Apo M remained associated with death (hazard ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.69–0.88];
P
<0.0001) and the composite of death/ventricular assist device/heart transplantation (hazard ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.76–0.94];
P
=0.001) in models that adjusted for multiple confounders. This association was present in both heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction and was replicated in the Washington University cohort and a cohort with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction only (TOPCAT). The S1P and apo M content of isolated HDL particles strongly correlated (
R
=0.81,
P
<0.0001). The top canonical pathways associated with apo M were inflammation (negative association), the coagulation system (negative association), and liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor activation (positive association). The relationship with inflammation was validated with multiple inflammatory markers measured with independent assays.

Conclusions:
Reduced circulating apo M is independently associated with adverse outcomes across the spectrum of human heart failure. Further research is needed to assess whether the apo M/S1P axis is a suitable therapeutic target in heart failure.
Technocapitalism, the Intangible Economy, and Economic Centralization
Authors: Stubbs Alec 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyze the underlying economic structures which have led to the rise of the tech giants. In their book Capitalism without Capital: The Rise of the Intangible Economy, economists Jonathan Haskel and Stian Westlake outline the four fundamental features of the technocapitalist (or what they consider the intangible) economy. Key to the emerging intangible economy, they suggest, are the four “S’s” of this new form of capitalism, viz., scalability, sunkenness, synergies, and spillovers. In the following, I explicate the ways in which, if taken seriously, these four features of the technocapitalist economy tend towards heightened levels of economic centralization and economic inequality as compared to those experienced under industrial capitalism.
Is Technology a Boon or a Bane? An Essay
Authors: Majumdar Deepa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Through neocolonial trade relations, globalization has caused a world-wide division of labor, resources, and consumption—between former colonizers and the colonized. Technology—the latest in the choir of idols worshipped by the modern West—exacerbates this schism even as it reduces it. This article explores the implications of the products of technology for work, class, and caste in this last phase of neocolonialism. Technological devices that de-class us, by replacing human and animal workers, can also re-class us by dividing owners from the operators of machines.
The Crisis of Higher Education in the Era of Neoliberal Globalization
Authors: Targ Harry 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article explores some of the literature on the political economy of higher education. It suggests growing contradictions between the need for available funds and competition for students, research dollars, and new educational “products,” such as online education. It refers to that literature that raises contradictions between the global “market” for students and tuition fees. And it also raises issues of the quality of education, particularly as non-job-oriented programs are dismantled. Purdue University, a land-grant public university, is suggested as one example of these contradictions.
Making Enemies: the Mainstream Media Spectacle and US Foreign Policy
Authors: Sussman Gerald 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As Herbert Schiller long ago observed, the mainstream (corporate) media (MSM) in the US have long been instruments of state power. However, since the nineteenth century, the reading public has relied on the news media as a pillar, albeit flawed, of a liberal democratic society. While the public still regards a “free press” as essential to democracy, it no longer has confidence that the mainstream media deserve that status. Trust levels in the MSM have plummeted since the 1970s, reflecting a larger pattern of distrust of public and private institutions in general, including the US Congress. Even many media professionals themselves do not see the US as defending the freedom of investigative journalism. Moreover, the quality of corporate media, more owner-concentrated than ever, has declined, often to the level of tabloid spectacle, as profit-oriented news departments try to compete with a wide array of 24/7 news platforms, including those coming from social media. The era of neoliberalism has all but eliminated the public service ideology behind news and public affairs reporting, and concurrently there has emerged a crisis of state legitimacy that threatens the foundations of the liberal democratic order.
Forced Displacement of Central American Communities: Human Rights Violations in Their Transit through Mexico
Authors: Sánchez Martha Idalia Chew 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of this article is to explore the relationships between forced migration of Central American communities and the global and national exclusion of migrants in their transit through Mexico on their way to the US. It is divided into the following sections: a) description of the main causes of Central America migration; b) responses of the Mexican government from the 1980s to 2018; c) the role of organized crime and the official “war on drugs” (2007-2018) in human rights violations to Central American migrant; and lastly, d) some changes in the Mexican State regarding the management of Central American migration. Although the act of migration is intrinsically human, it has been hard to conceive migration as human rights in the current conversations. “The refugee and migration crisis,” have received unprecedented political and media attention around the world. Transnational migration is one of the core elements of late modernity given the historical acceleration of global processes. There are currently about 244 million people who have migrated from their country of origin, (which is three percent of the world’s population). One third of global migration happens in a south-north direction, while the rest happens in a south-south direction. The focus of this article is to describe and analyze aspects of Central American migration to/through Mexico, human rights violations experienced in transit, and different responses of the Mexican State to the “crisis of migration.”
The Origins of Oral Torah: A New Pauline Perspective
Authors: Fisch Yael 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article proposes to rethink the genealogy and origin of the rabbinical terms Oral Torah and Written Torah. The terms appear for the first time in Tannaitic literature, yet scholars have attempted to ascribe to them an earlier date and to present them as a Second Temple, specifically Pharisaic, distinction. This article problematizes the existing genealogies and considers neglected evidence found in Paul’s Letter to the Romans that advances our understanding of the Oral Torah/Written Torah distinction in the first century CE. According to my rereading of Rom 10:5-13 and 3:19-31, Paul has a notion of double-nomos within scripture, and his twofold torah is presented as oral and written. Apart from rabbinic literature, it is only in Paul that we find the use of an Oral Torah/Written Torah distinction. This evidence affects both how the history of the rabbinic terms is understood and how Paul is configured in his Jewish matrix.
Causal Interactions between Southern Ocean Polynyas and High-Latitude Atmosphere–Ocean Variability
Authors: Kaufman Zachary S. , Feldl Nicole , Weijer Wilbert , Veneziani Milena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWeddell Sea open-ocean polynyas have been observed to occasionally release heat from the deep ocean to the atmosphere, indicating that their sporadic appearances may be an important feature of high-latitude atmosphere–ocean variability. Yet, observations of the phenomenon are sparse and many standard-resolution models represent these features poorly, if at all. We use a fully coupled, synoptic-scale preindustrial control simulation of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv0-HR) to effectively simulate open-ocean polynyas and investigate their role in the climate system. Our approach employs statistical tests of Granger causality to diagnose local and remote drivers of, and responses to, polynya heat loss on interannual to decadal time scales. First, we find that polynya heat loss Granger causes a persistent increase in surface air temperature over the Weddell Sea, strengthening the local cyclonic wind circulation. Along with responding to polynyas, atmospheric conditions also facilitate their development. When the Southern Ocean experiences a rapid poleward shift in the circumpolar westerlies following a prolonged negative phase of the southern annular mode (SAM), Weddell Sea salinity increases, promoting density destratification and convection in the water column. Finally, we find that the reduction of surface heat fluxes during periods of full ice cover is not fully compensated by ocean heat transport into the high latitudes. This imbalance leads to a buildup of ocean heat content that supplies polynya heat loss. These results disentangle the complex, coupled climate processes that both enable the polynya’s existence and respond to it, providing insights to improve the representation of these highly episodic sea ice features in climate models.
Melting of Perennial Sea Ice in the Beaufort Sea Enhanced Its Impacts on Early-Winter Haze Pollution in North China after the Mid-1990s
Authors: Li Yuyan , Yin Zhicong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn recent years, haze pollution has become the most concerning environmental issue in China due to its tremendous negative effects. In this study, we focus on the enhanced responses of December–January haze days in North China to September–October sea ice in the Beaufort Sea during 1998–2015. Via both observation and numerical approaches, compared with an earlier period (1980–97), the sea ice concentration in the Beaufort Sea presented large variability during 1998–2015. During 1980–97, the Beaufort Sea was mainly covered by perennial ice, and the ablation and freezing of sea ice mainly occurred at the south edge of the Beaufort Sea. Thus, heavy sea ice in autumn induced negative sea surface temperature anomalies across the Gulf of Alaska in November. However, the colder sea surface in the Gulf of Alaska only induced a weak influence on the haze-associated atmospheric circulations. In contrast, during 1998–2015, a drastic change in sea ice existed near the center of the Arctic Ocean, due to the massive melting of multiyear sea ice in the western Beaufort Sea. The perennial ice cover in the western Beaufort Sea was replaced by seasonal ice. The broader sea ice cover resulted in positive sea surface temperature anomalies in the following November. Then, suitable atmospheric backgrounds were induced for haze pollution in December and January. Simultaneously, the response of the number of haze days over North China to sea ice cover increased. These findings were verified by the CESM-LE simulations and aided in deepening the understanding of the cause of haze pollution.
A New Measure of Ensemble Central Tendency
Authors: Feng Jie , Zhang Jing , Toth Zoltan , Peña Malaquias , Ravela Sai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Ensemble prediction is a widely used tool in weather forecasting. In particular, the arithmetic mean (AM) of ensemble members is used to filter out unpredictable features from a forecast. AM is a pointwise statistical concept, providing the best sample-based estimate of the expected value of any single variable. The atmosphere, however, is a multivariate system with spatially coherent features characterized with strong correlations. Disregarding such correlations, the AM of an ensemble of forecasts removes not only unpredictable noise but also flattens features whose presence is still predictable, albeit with somewhat uncertain location. As a consequence, AM destroys the structure, and reduces the amplitude and variability associated with partially predictable features. Here we explore the use of an alternative concept of central tendency for the estimation of the expected feature (instead of single values) in atmospheric systems. Features that are coherent across ensemble members are first collocated to their mean position, before the AM of the aligned members is taken. Unlike earlier definitions based on complex variational minimization (field coalescence of Ravela and generalized ensemble mean of Purser), the proposed feature-oriented mean (FM) uses simple and computationally efficient vector operations. Though FM is still not a dynamically realizable state, a preliminary evaluation of ensemble geopotential height forecasts indicates that it retains more variance than AM, without a noticeable drop in skill. Beyond ensemble forecasting, possible future applications include a wide array of climate studies where the collocation of larger-scale features of interest may yield enhanced compositing results.
A Public Health Systems View of Risk Communication About Zika
Authors: Kirk Sell Tara , Ravi Sanjana J. , Watson Crystal , Meyer Diane , Pechta Laura E. , Rose Dale A. , Lubell Keri M. , Podgornik Michelle N. , Schoch-Spana Monica 
Published: April 2020

Objectives The spread of Zika virus throughout Latin America and parts of the United States in 2016 and 2017 presented a challenge to public health communicators. The objective of our study was to describe emergency risk communication practices during the 2016-2017 Zika outbreak to inform future infectious disease communication efforts. Methods We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with 13 public health policy makers and practitioners, 10 public information officers, and 5 vector-control officials from May through August 2017. Results Within the public health macro-environment, extended outbreak timeframe, government trust, US residence status, and economic insecurity set the backdrop for Zika communication efforts. Limited resources, staffing, and partnerships negatively affected public health structural capacity for communication efforts. Public health communicators and practitioners used a range of processes and practices to engage in education and outreach, including fieldwork, community meetings, and contact with health care providers. Overall, public health agencies’ primary goals were to prevent Zika infection, reduce transmission, and prevent adverse birth outcomes. Conclusions Lessons learned from this disease response included understanding the macro-environment, developing partnerships across agencies and the community, and valuing diverse message platforms. These lessons can be used to improve communication approaches for health officials at the local, state, and federal levels during future infectious disease outbreaks.