bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)—Optimization of Rearing Conditions to Obtain Desired Nutritional Values
Authors: Adámková Anna , Mlček Jiří , Adámek Martin , Borkovcová Marie , Bednářová Martina , Hlobilová Veronika , Knížková Ivana , Juríková Tunde 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study dealt with the influence of temperature and feed on the nutritional value of Tenebrio molitor, especially on the content of crude protein, amino acids, fat, and fatty acid profile. Tenebrio molitor larvae were kept in 15, 20, and 25°C and fed with wheat bran, lentil flour, and mixture. The parameters were analyzed by international standard methods. Generally, with an increase of the lentils in the feed, the crude protein content increased. The changes in the temperature and the feed were most pronounced on the essential amino acids Val, Arg, and Leu. The highest average fat content was determined at 20°C in insects fed with wheat bran. The lowest fat content was determined at 15°C in bran-fed insects. The dependency of fat content on the temperature in feeding with lentil flour and a mixture of wheat bran and lentil flour was statistically insignificant (P &gt; 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney post hoc tests). The highest content of polyene fatty acids was achieved at a rearing temperature of 15°C and the bran diet. It was concluded that a higher proportion of protein diet could increase the content of crude protein in the insects. An increase in the temperature generally leads only to a slight increase in the content of nitrogenous substances. The influence of feed on this nutritional parameter is therefore much more significant than the effect of the rearing temperature. In general, it can be stated that the feed and the temperature also significantly affect the fat content.
Phase I studies of darinaparsin in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a pooled analysis of two phase I studies conducted in Japan and Korea
Authors: Ogura Michinori , Kim Won-Seog , Uchida Toshiki , Uike Naokuni , Suehiro Youko , Ishizawa Kenichi , Nagai Hirokazu , Nagahama Fumiko , Sonehara Yusuke , Tobinai Kensei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
Two phase I studies of darinaparsin including Japanese and Korean patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma were performed to evaluate its safety (primary purpose), efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01435863 and NCT01689220).

Methods
Patients received intravenous darinaparsin for 5 consecutive days at 200 mg/m2/day in 4-week cycles, 300 mg/m2/day in 4-week cycles or 300 mg/m2/day in 3-week cycles.

Results
Seventeen Japanese and 6 Korean patients were enrolled and treated. Drug-related adverse events developed in 18 patients (78%). Dose-limiting toxicity, grade 3 hepatic dysfunction, was reported on Day 15 of cycle 1 in 1 Japanese patient who received 300 mg/m2/day. The most common drug-related, grade ≥ 3 adverse events were lymphopenia (9%), neutropenia (9%) and thrombocytopenia (9%). No deaths occurred. In 14 evaluable patients, 1 and 3 patients had complete response and partial response, respectively. The plasma concentration-time profiles of arsenic, a surrogate marker for darinaparsin, were similar between Japanese and Korean patients. No significant difference was found in its pharmacokinetic profile.

Conclusions
These data indicate the good tolerability and potential efficacy of darinaparsin in patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Darinaparsin 300 mg/m2/day for 5 consecutive days in 3-week cycles is the recommended regimen for phase II study.
Crisis in Psychiatric Diagnosis? Epistemological Humility in the DSM Era
Authors: Kinghorn Warren 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe modern editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), beginning with DSM-III in 1980, emerged in response to notable challenges to psychiatry’s practices and ways of knowing in the early 1970s. Because these challenges threatened psychiatry’s scientific self-understanding and moral authority, they exemplify what Alasdair MacIntyre has termed “epistemological crisis.” As a response to crisis, the modern DSM has been a stunning political achievement, providing the central diagnostic constructs around which psychiatric research, practice, and reimbursement has been organized for four decades. Indeed, the DSM’s authority survives in the face of ongoing trenchant scientific and philosophical critique. But if psychiatry is to be healthy, it must be epistemologically humble, reckoning honestly with the limits of the DSM before a future epistemological crisis destabilizes it entirely.
Classical term-modal logics
Authors: Frijters Stef , Van De Putte Frederik 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We introduce classical term-modal logics and argue that they are useful for modelling agent-relative notions of obligation, evidence and abilities, and their interaction with properties of and relations between the agents in question. We spell out the semantics of these logics in terms of neighborhood models, provide sound and strongly complete axiomatizations and establish the decidability of specific (agent-finite) variants.
Modeling legal conflict resolution based on dynamic logic
Authors: Ju Fengkui , Nygren Karl , Xu Tianwen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Conflicts between legal norms are common in reality. In many legislations, legal conflicts between norms are resolved by applying ordered principles. This work presents a formalization of the conflict resolution mechanism and introduces action legal logic ($\textsf{ALL}$) to reason about the normative consequences of possibly conflicting legal systems. The semantics of $\textsf{ALL}$ is explicitly based on legal systems consisting of norms and ordered principles. Legal systems specify the legal status of transitions in transition systems and the language of $\textsf{ALL}$ describes the legal status of paths in transition systems. The formalization is used to study abstract revisions of legal systems. The expressivity of $\textsf{ALL}$ is studied and its completeness is proved.
Impact of intrinsic polarization of Sgr A* historical flares on (polarization) properties of their X-ray echoes
Authors: Khabibullin Ildar , Churazov Eugene , Sunyaev Rashid 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Reflection of X-ray emission on molecular clouds in the inner ∼100 pc of our Galaxy reveals that, despite being extremely quiet at the moment, our supermassive black hole Sgr A* should have experienced bright flares of X-ray emission in the recent past. Thanks to the improving characterization of the reflection signal, we are able to infer parameters of the most recent flare(s) (age, duration, and luminosity) and relative line-of-sight disposition of the brightest individual molecular complexes. We show that combining these data with measurements of polarization in the reflected X-ray continuum will not only justify Sgr A* as the primary source but also allow deriving intrinsic polarization properties of the flare emission. This will help to identify radiation mechanisms and underlying astrophysical phenomena behind them. For the currently brightest reflecting molecular complex, Sgr A, the required level of sensitivity might be already accessible with upcoming X-ray polarimeters.
Measuring the spectral index of turbulent gas with deep learning from projected density maps
Authors: Trevisan Piero , Pasquato Mario , Ballone Alessandro , Mapelli Michela 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTTurbulence plays a key role in star formation in molecular clouds, affecting star cluster primordial properties. As modelling present-day objects hinges on our understanding of their initial conditions, better constraints on turbulence can result in windfalls in Galactic archaeology, star cluster dynamics, and star formation. Observationally, constraining the spectral index of turbulent gas usually involves computing spectra from velocity maps. Here, we suggest that information on the spectral index might be directly inferred from column density maps (possibly obtained by dust emission/absorption) through deep learning. We generate mock density maps from a large set of adaptive mesh refinement turbulent gas simulations using the hydro-simulation code ramses. We train a convolutional neural network (CNN) on the resulting images to predict the turbulence index, optimize hyperparameters in validation and test on a holdout set. Our adopted CNN model achieves a mean squared error of 0.024 in its predictions on our holdout set, over underlying spectral indexes ranging from 3 to 4.5. We also perform robustness tests by applying our model to altered holdout set images, and to images obtained by running simulations at different resolutions. This preliminary result on simulated density maps encourages further developments on real data, where observational biases and other issues need to be taken into account.
Origin and Evolution of the Gene Family of Proteinaceous Pheromones, the Exocrine Gland-Secreting Peptides, in Rodents
Authors: Niimura Yoshihito , Tsunoda Mai , Kato Sari , Murata Ken , Yanagawa Taichi , Suzuki Shunta , Touhara Kazushige 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe exocrine-gland secreting peptide (ESP)gene family encodes proteinaceous pheromones that are recognized by the vomeronasal organ in mice. For example, ESP1 is a male pheromone secreted in tear fluid that regulates socio-sexual behavior, and ESP22 is a juvenile pheromone that suppresses adult sexual behavior. The family consists of multiple genes and has been identified only in mouse and rat genomes. The coding region of a mouse ESP gene is separated into two exons, each encoding signal and mature sequences. Here, we report the origin and evolution of the ESP gene family. ESP genes were found only in the Muridea and Cricetidae families of rodents, suggesting a recent origin of ESP genes in the common ancestor of murids and cricetids. ESP genes show a great diversity in number, length, and sequence among different species as well as mouse strains. Some ESPs in rats and golden hamsters are expressed in the lacrimal gland and the salivary gland. We also found that a mature sequence of an ESP gene showed overall sequence similarity to the α-globin gene. The ancestral ESP gene seems to be generated by recombination of a retrotransposed α-globin gene with the signal-encoding exon of the CRISP2 gene located adjacent to the ESP gene cluster. This study provides an intriguing example of molecular tinkering in rapidly evolving species-specific proteinaceous pheromone genes.
Log Transformation Improves Dating of Phylogenies
Authors: Mai Uyen , Mirarab Siavash 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhylogenetic trees inferred from sequence data often have branch lengths measured in the expected number of substitutions and therefore, do not have divergence times estimated. These trees give an incomplete view of evolutionary histories since many applications of phylogenies require time trees. Many methods have been developed to convert the inferred branch lengths from substitution unit to time unit using calibration points, but none is universally accepted as they are challenged in both scalability and accuracy under complex models. Here, we introduce a new method that formulates dating as a nonconvex optimization problem where the variance of log-transformed rate multipliers is minimized across the tree. On simulated and real data, we show that our method, wLogDate, is often more accurate than alternatives and is more robust to various model assumptions.
CoreCruncher: Fast and Robust Construction of Core Genomes in Large Prokaryotic Data Sets
Authors: Harris Connor D , Torrance Ellis L , Raymann Kasie , Bobay Louis-Marie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The core genome represents the set of genes shared by all, or nearly all, strains of a given population or species of prokaryotes. Inferring the core genome is integral to many genomic analyses, however, most methods rely on the comparison of all the pairs of genomes; a step that is becoming increasingly difficult given the massive accumulation of genomic data. Here, we present CoreCruncher; a program that robustly and rapidly constructs core genomes across hundreds or thousands of genomes. CoreCruncher does not compute all pairwise genome comparisons and uses a heuristic based on the distributions of identity scores to classify sequences as orthologs or paralogs/xenologs. Although it is much faster than current methods, our results indicate that our approach is more conservative than other tools and less sensitive to the presence of paralogs and xenologs. CoreCruncher is freely available from: https://github.com/lbobay/CoreCruncher. CoreCruncher is written in Python 3.7 and can also run on Python 2.7 without modification. It requires the python library Numpy and either Usearch or Blast. Certain options require the programs muscle or mafft.
eIF2α interactions with mRNA control accurate start codon selection by the translation preinitiation complex
Authors: Thakur Anil , Gaikwad Swati , Vijjamarri Anil K , Hinnebusch Alan G 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn translation initiation, AUG recognition triggers rearrangement of the 48S preinitiation complex (PIC) from an open conformation to a closed state with more tightly-bound Met-tRNAi. Cryo-EM structures have revealed interactions unique to the closed complex between arginines R55/R57 of eIF2α with mRNA, including the −3 nucleotide of the ‘Kozak’ context. We found that R55/R57 substitutions reduced recognition of a UUG start codon at HIS4 in Sui− cells (Ssu− phenotype); and in vitro, R55G-R57E accelerated dissociation of the eIF2·GTP·Met-tRNAi ternary complex (TC) from reconstituted PICs with a UUG start codon, indicating destabilization of the closed complex. R55/R57 substitutions also decreased usage of poor-context AUGs in SUI1 and GCN4 mRNAs in vivo. In contrast, eIF2α-R53 interacts with the rRNA backbone only in the open complex, and the R53E substitution enhanced initiation at a UUG codon (Sui− phenotype) and poor-context AUGs, while reducing the rate of TC loading (Gcd− phenotype) in vivo. Consistently, R53E slowed TC binding to the PIC while decreasing TC dissociation at UUG codons in vitro, indicating destabilization of the open complex. Thus, distinct interactions of eIF2α with rRNA or mRNA stabilize first the open, and then closed, conformation of the PIC to influence the accuracy of initiation in vivo.
Early Prediction of Malignant Cerebellar Edema in Posterior Circulation Stroke Using Quantitative Lesion Water Uptake
Authors: Broocks Gabriel , Elsayed Sarah , Kniep Helge , Kemmling Andre , Flottmann Fabian , Bechstein Matthias , Faizy Tobias D , Meyer Lukas , Lindner Thomas , Sporns Peter , Rusche Thilo , Schön Gerhard , Mader Marius M , Nawabi Jawed , Fiehler Jens , Hanning Uta 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Malignant cerebellar edema (MCE) is a life-threatening complication of ischemic posterior circulation stroke that requires timely diagnosis and management. Yet, there is no established imaging biomarker that may serve as predictor of MCE. Early edematous water uptake can be determined using quantitative lesion water uptake, but this biomarker has only been applied in anterior circulation strokes.

OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that lesion water uptake in early posterior circulation stroke predicts MCE.

METHODS
A total 179 patients with posterior circulation stroke and multimodal admission CT were included. A total of 35 (19.5%) patients developed MCE defined by using an established 10-point scale in follow-up CT, of which ≥4 points are considered malignant. Posterior circulation net water uptake (pcNWU) was quantified in admission CT based on CT densitometry and compared with posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early CT Score (pc-ASPECTS) as predictor of MCE using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis and logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS
Acute pcNWU within the early ischemic lesion was 24.6% (±8.4) for malignant and 7.2% (±7.4) for nonmalignant infarctions, respectively (P < .0001). Based on ROC analysis, pcNWU above 14.9% identified MCE with high discriminative power (area under the curve: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89-0.97). Early pcNWU (odds ratio [OR]: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.15-1.42, P < .0001) and pc-ASPECTS (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.95, P = .02) were associated with MCE, adjusted for age and recanalization status.

CONCLUSION
Quantitative pcNWU in early posterior circulation stroke is an important marker for MCE. Besides pc-ASPECTS, lesion water uptake measurements may further support identifying patients at risk for MCE at an early stage indicating stricter monitoring and consideration for further therapeutic measures.
The Role of the Prime Minister in Japan
Authors: George Mulgan Aurelia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Despite a constitution and parliamentary cabinet system, which bestow considerable power on the prime minister, Japan has often lacked decisive political leadership, with strong prime ministers the exception rather than the rule. Factors undermining the prime minister’s position have included informal rules, political conventions, and practices that have worked to limit prime ministerial initiative and leadership in policymaking. Over time, however, the dominant trend has been for Japanese prime ministers to acquire greater power, with evolutionary change and reforms in critical areas of Japan’s political and administrative systems contributing to this development. Changes in each of the prime minister’s roles as leader of the ruling party, as policymaker, and as leader of the nation have been critical. The influence of internal party factions has declined, other party constraints on the prime minister’s policy leadership emanating from the ruling party’s own formal and informal policymaking machinery have been considerably curbed, processes of central government reform have delivered greater policy and administrative support for prime ministerial initiative as well as curbing the central bureaucracy as an autonomous power structure, and increased media focus on the prime minister has afforded him greater opportunity to project a public image as the nation’s leader. Some prime ministers, such as Shinzō Abe (in office 2006–2007, 2012–), have also worked proactively to expand their power, culminating in the creation of a “prime ministerial executive” in which the prime minister and his office hold formidable sway over all sectors of government, including the cabinet, the ruling coalition, and the bureaucracy.
Protecting Brand Value through Anticounterfeiting Supply Chain Strategies
Authors: Handfield Robert B. , Nair Anand 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Counterfeiting is a problem many companies do not want to acknowledge or talk about. However, ignoring the problem is likely to have the effect of encouraging counterfeiters to go unchecked. A multilayered strategy that adopts several approaches and engages the entire organization is needed to address the counterfeiting problem. This chapter provides a set of recommendations to address the issue of counterfeiting. Initially, the size of the problem must be estimated and the return on investment approximated. This can help define the need for a team of experts to work in this area, leading to a set of performance metrics that are aligned with business objectives and outcomes. Next, the key focal product segments should be targeted and a system for identifying products through product trademark registration with customs authorities should be completed. In the end, combating counterfeiting is not a supply chain problem, it is not a legal problem, nor is it a packaging and covert marking problem. It is a global problem—one that impacts all organizations, large and small. All business functions need to be part of the discussion, not just a single brand security function. Failure to approach counterfeiting in this manner will simply allow the problem to continue to grow.
Use of Blockchain Partnerships to Enable Transparency in Supply Chain Digitization
Authors: Bailur Rekha Prabhu , Rao Shashank , Iyengar Deepak 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter introduces the use of blockchains to increase supply chain traceability and visibility. It argues for the use of technologies such as radiofrequency identification to realize the full potential of tracking every product and component in the supply chain, from its origin to its manufacture, use, and disposal on a real-time basis. The inherent advantages of blockchains remove the need for a central authority and promote decentralization of record keeping, hence increasing the integrity and security of the data. Blockchains by themselves are a platform that enables the transmission and sharing of data across the supply chain in a secure, fast, and robust manner. The technology works best when used with other data-capturing devices such as radiofrequency identification, which are already in use at different echelons of a supply chain. The chapter concludes by arguing that emergent technologies like the Internet of things work best by incorporating blockchains, because that would prevent the abuse of data by centralized systems and authorities and at the same time reduce the critical points of failure that centralized systems are prone to.
Innovation in Buyer–Supplier Relationships
Authors: Zhang Chun , Wu Fang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The increased reliance on external suppliers for generating new product and process innovation has resulted in a growing number of studies on supply chain innovation (SCI). This growing body of research, however, utilizes diverse theoretical perspectives to examine constructs relevant to SCI and has generated fragmented findings on the facilitators of SCI. In particular, although a large number of SCIs occur in a buyer–supplier relationship, the relationship characteristics that foster innovation generation remain unclear. The current study synthesizes the existing literature on innovation in buyer–supplier relationships and provides a comprehensive framework that highlights the key characteristics of a buyer–supplier relationship that foster SCIs. The study also aims to identify new opportunities for future research regarding innovation generation involving upstream suppliers.
Supply Chain Cybersecurity
Authors: Rogers Zachary S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the importance of cybersecurity in supply chain management. This has not historically been a focus of many supply managers, but its importance is growing as an increasing number of malicious actors target the “weak cyber links” in supply networks. To better understand these phenomena, we discuss the rationale behind the increase in cyberattacks carried out through supply networks, along with common attack methods and common archetypes. The chapter also discusses how supply managers can modify their sourcing strategy to stymie these attacks. This will involve a discussion of supplier selection, supplier scorecards, basic cybersecurity standards, and working in cross-functional teams.
Organisational and Managerial Careers: A Coevolutionary View
Authors: Gunz Hugh , Mayrhofer Wolfgang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The field of organisational and managerial careers (OMC) covers a broad range of approaches, with roots in fields ranging from sociology to vocational and developmental psychology. This chapter draws on recent work that proposes a framework (the Social Chronology Framework, SCF) in which the study of careers, in particular OMC, is seen to involve the simultaneous application of three perspectives, to do with being, space, and time. Building on this, the SCF takes a view that emphasises the importance of a coevolutionary perspective. Within a bounded social and geographic space, career development happens based on configurations of individual and collective career actors who provide context for each other and coevolve together. The chapter illustrates this by showing how the SCF can suggest new approaches to studying established career development arrangements, such as mentorship.