bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism: A Propensity Score–Matching Follow‐Up Study With Tissue Doppler Imaging
Authors: Chang Yi‐Yao , Liao Che‐Wei , Tsai Cheng‐Hsuan , Chen Ching‐Way , Pan Chien‐Ting , Chen Zheng‐Wei , Chen Ya‐Li , Lin Lung‐Chun , Chang Yi‐Ru , Wu Vin‐Cent , Wu Kwan‐Dun , Hung Chi‐Sheng , Lin Yen‐Hung , Wu Che‐Hsiung , Chang Hung‐Wei , MD Lian‐Yu Lin , Hu Fu‐Chang , Liu Kao‐Lang , Wang Shuo‐Meng , Huang Kuo‐How , Chen Yung‐Ming , Chang Chin‐Chen , Liao Shih‐Cheng , Yen Ruoh‐Fang 
Published: November 2019

Background
Primary aldosteronism is the most common cause of secondary hypertension and is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. However, whether aldosterone excess is responsible for left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is unknown.

Methods and Results

We prospectively enrolled 129 patients with aldosterone‐producing adenoma and 120 patients with essential hypertension, and analyzed their clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic data, including tissue Doppler images. The patients with aldosterone‐producing adenoma were reevaluated 1 year after adrenalectomy. After propensity score matching, there were 105 patients in each group. The patients with aldosterone‐producing adenoma had worse diastolic function than the patients with essential hypertension, as reflected by lower e′ (
P
<0.001) and higher E/e′ (
P
=0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that LV diastolic function was significantly correlated with age (
P
<0.001), sex (
P
<0.001), body mass index (
P
=0.002), systolic blood pressure (
P
=0.004), creatinine (
P
=0.008), and log‐transformed aldosterone‐renin ratio (
P
=0.003). After adrenalectomy, the patients with aldosterone‐producing adenoma had significant improvements in LV diastolic function as reflected by an increase in e′ (
P
=0.003) and decrease in E/e′ (
P
=0.002). The change in E/e′ was independently correlated with baseline E/e′ (
P
<0.001) and change in LV mass index (
P
=0.006).

Conclusions
The patients with primary aldosteronism had worse LV diastolic function than the patients with essential hypertension after propensity score matching, and this could be reversed after adrenalectomy, suggesting that aldosterone excess may induce LV diastolic dysfunction.
Tawarruq: Controversial or Acceptable?
Authors: Alkhan Ahmed Mansoor , Hassan Mohammad Kabir 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The debate about tawarruq (monetisation) has been ongoing, especially with regard to the permissibility of organised tawarruq. The majority of contemporary Sharīʿah scholars, including the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in 2009, ruled that organised tawarruq is impermissible according to Sharīʿah (Islamic law). Nevertheless, organised tawarruq remains a widely-used product in the international Islamic banking industry. Having reviewed the literature and reasons pertaining to the prohibition of organised tawarruq, this research article argues that the prohibition ruling may have been based on certain wrongful practices that existed in the industry, rather than on evidence provided from the Sharīʿah. This research includes empirical work that qualitatively analyses organised tawarruq transactions executed by three Islamic banks in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Using empirical data and analysis provided, this article suggests that the general practice of organised tawarruq might be permissible according to Sharīʿah.
Regulating Public Fundraising in China: The Charity Law and Its Predecessor
Authors: Lai Weijun , Ding Huafang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The promulgation of Chinese Charity Law in March 2016 was expected to break the long-term monopoly of governmental charities in public fundraising in China. However, governments’ regulating practices on fundraising seem to be still quite ambivalent during the post-legislation era, indicating endogenous contradictions of the Charity Law. In order to explore the legislative logic of Chinese Charity Law on public fundraising regulation, this paper, employing an analytical framework of state-society relations, historically examines all relevant laws and policies of China that deal with the fundraising regulation issue since the reform and opening-up. It is revealed that a “control thinking” of the Chinese state towards civic fundraising has been dominating the field all the way, and that the recent loosening of state control was compelled by bottom-up social dynamics. The paper argues that, under the constant influence of state control thinking, the institutional adjustments of Chinese Charity Law on opening spaces for civic fundraising tend to be quite passive and endogenously contradictory, leading to both validity and limitations of the law in practice.
Between Independence and Absorption: The Soft Embeddedness of NGOs in Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Zhang Xue , Gan Tian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
NGOs are faced with the dilemma of action logic in participating in poverty alleviation at the grass-roots level: if they do not embed into local areas, they cannot carry out activities; if they embed too deeply, they will be molded in reverse and cannot realize successful exits. So what action logic will NGOs take in the process of poverty alleviation? Through field observation of H organization which participated in the poverty alleviation project of a pig farm in J village, this paper puts forward the action logic of “soft embeddedness” (SE) on the basis of the theory of “embeddedness” and “soft governance.” SE mainly includes three aspects: the soft relationship embeddedness of culture and custom, the soft resources embeddedness of negotiation by many parties and the soft structure embeddedness of rural regulations and folk conventions. Compared with that of “hard embeddedness” (HE) which emphasizes institutionalism and inculcation, the action logic of SE has its own characteristics. It includes the flexibility of interaction, the strategy of participation and the limited responsibility boundary. The SE action logic helps maintain the autonomy of NGOs, promote the accumulation of village social capital and realize the sustainable development of poverty alleviation projects. At the same time, this paper theoretically complements and extends the interaction between the states and the society as well as the action logic of NGOs in China.
A Case Study of the Interaction between NSOs and Practical NPOs: From the Perspective of Collaborative Governance Theory
Authors: Xiang Xunyu , Xu Yushan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper employed the multi-case study method to explore the interactions between nonprofit support organizations (NSOs): NPI and three practical nonprofit organizations (NPOs) (X, Y, Z), which is incubated by NPI. By applying the analytical framework of collaborative governance, this paper indicates that a well-developed interactive relationship exists between these two organizations, on basis of equality and voluntary. Meanwhile, they shared a mutual goal and maintain an effective interaction. Consequently, it stimulates the building of collaborative network among social organizations.
An Analysis of Mission-Based Project Governance Strategies of Charitable Organizations: In the Case of the “Aid De facto Orphans” Project
Authors: Xu Wenhui , Dong Wenqi , Cai Min 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With the idea of governance spreading, governance thinking has also begun being applied in the field of project management, giving rise to an emerging theory of project governance. The nature of charitable organizations and their disadvantage in resource mobilization make it necessary also to apply the idea and analysis framework of governance to project operations and move from project management to project governance. This article will illustrate, through an analysis of the “Aid De facto Orphans” Project that the Changsha City Yuelu District Boundless Love Commonwealth Culture Promotion Association (DAWJ) has launched, that a charitable organization in its process of project governance must also hold fast to its mission and, on the basis of the mission, set objectives of project governance, select partners, build governance mechanisms and control governance performance.
Ethnography and the Fate of Informal Culture: Rereading Paul Willis’ Learning to Labour
Authors: Zhuang Yiyang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As the increasing discussion over social stratification and mobility indicates, the idea of “education changes destiny” has progressively been brought into question. In his classic study of British working-class boys from 1975, which is widely read in the fields of sociology, anthropology, and education, Paul Willis uncompromisingly revealed that liberal ideology about equal opportunity was only an empty promise and, more importantly, how the counter-cultural cognition and expression adopted the constraints of the structural conditions and at the same time leads to the reproduction of them. Despite the tragic mechanism behind the contradictory counter-culture, Willis remained optimistic about the radical potential in the symbolic works against dominant discourse. His in-depth ethnographic description didn’t only contribute to the endless theoretical debate about Structure and Process, but also provided a methodological approach encouraging extensive fieldwork, in which he believed the “theoretical uncertainty” lies. Ethnography can really “become the intellectual education of those who are governed,” if the scholars are willing to understand and communicate with the informal cultural groups and believe that their fate can be changed.
Potential of Pan-European Seasonal Hydrometeorological Drought Forecasts Obtained from a Multihazard Early Warning System
Authors: Sutanto Samuel Jonson , Van Lanen Henny A. J. , Wetterhall Fredrik , Llort Xavier 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDrought early warning systems (DEWS) have been developed in several countries in response to high socioeconomic losses caused by droughts. In Europe, the European Drought Observatory (EDO) monitors the ongoing drought and forecasts soil moisture anomalies up to 7 days ahead and meteorological drought up to 3 months ahead. However, end users managing water resources often require hydrological drought warning several months in advance. To answer this challenge, a seasonal pan-European DEWS has been developed and has been running in a preoperational mode since mid-2018 under the EU-funded Enhancing Emergency Management and Response to Extreme Weather and Climate Events (ANYWHERE) project. The ANYWHERE DEWS (AD-EWS) is different than other operational DEWS in the sense that the AD-EWS provides a wide range of seasonal hydrometeorological drought forecasting products in addition to meteorological drought, that is, a broad suite of drought indices that covers all water cycle components (drought in precipitation, soil moisture, runoff, discharge, and groundwater). The ability of the AD-EWS to provide seasonal drought predictions in high spatial resolution (5 km × 5 km) and its diverse products mark the AD-EWS as a preoperational drought forecasting system that can serve a broad range of different users’ needs in Europe. This paper introduces the AD-EWS and shows some examples of different drought forecasting products, the drought forecast score, and some examples of a user-driven assessment of forecast trust levels.
Drivers’ Cue Utilization Predicts Cognitive Resource Consumption During a Simulated Driving Scenario
Authors: Sturman Daniel , Wiggins Mark W. 
Published: November 2019

Objective This study was designed to examine whether cue utilization differentiates drivers’ consumption of cognitive resources during a simulated driving task. Background Outcomes from previous research have demonstrated that a general capacity for cue utilization differentiates cognitive load during novel process control tasks. However, it was previously unclear whether similar results would be demonstrated during familiar operational tasks. Method Based on an assessment of cue utilization within a driving context, participants were classified into higher or lower cue utilization typologies. During a simulated driving task, cognitive load was assessed through changes against baseline in cerebral oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex, through eye behavior metrics (fixation rates and fixation dispersion), and through driving performance (frequency of missed traffic signals and speed exceedances). Results Drivers with higher cue utilization recorded smaller mean fixation dispersions, smaller increases in cerebral oxygenation, and fewer missed traffic signals compared with drivers with lower cue utilization. These results suggest that compared with drivers with lower cue utilization, drivers with higher cue utilization experienced lower cognitive load during the simulated driving task while maintaining a higher level of performance. Conclusion The results provide support for the assertion that, among qualified operators, a greater capacity for cue utilization is associated with lower cognitive load during operational tasks. Application Cue-based assessments of driving may be beneficial in predicting performance and assisting in targeted training for recently qualified and/or older drivers.
Mathematical modeling of ethno-social conflicts with the introduction of the control function
Authors: Petukhov Alexandr Yurevich , Malhanov Alexey Olegovich , Sandalov Vladimir Mikhailovich , Petukhov Yury Vasilevich 
Published: November 2019

In this article, we propose a model of ethno-social conflict based on diffusion equations with the introduction of the control function for such a conflict. Based on the classical concepts of ethno-social conflicts, we propose a characteristic parameter – social distance – that determines the state of society from the point of view of the theory of conflict. A model based on the diffusion equation of Langevin is developed. The model is based on the idea that individuals interact in society through a communicative field – h. This field is induced by every person in a society and serves as a model of the information interaction between individuals. In addition, the control is introduced into the system through the dissipation function. A solution of the system of equations for a divergent diffusion type is given. Using the example of two interacting–conflicting ethnic groups of individuals, we have identified the characteristic patterns of ethno-social conflict in the social system and determined the effect social distance in society has in the development of similar processes with regard to the external influence, dissipation, and random factors. We have demonstrated how the phase portrait of the system qualitatively changes as the parameters of the control function of the ethno-social conflict change. Using the analysis data of the resulting phase portraits, we have concluded that it is possible to control a characteristic area of sustainability for a social system, within which it remains stable and does not become subject to ethno-social conflicts.
The impact of hippocampal segmentation methods on correlations with clinical data
Authors: Aljondi Rowa , Szoeke Cassandra , Steward Chris , Lui Elaine , Alghamdi Salem , Desmond Patricia 
Published: November 2019

Background In vivo measurement of hippocampal volume with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important element in neuroimaging research. However, hippocampal volumetric findings and their relationship with cardiovascular risk factors and memory performance are still controversial and inconsistent for non-demented adults. Purpose To compare total and regional hippocampal volumes from manual tracing and automated Freesurfer segmentation methods and their relationship with mid-life clinical data and late-life verbal episodic memory performance in older women. Material and Methods This study used structural MRI datasets from 161 women who were scanned in 2012 and underwent neuropsychological assessments. Of these participants, 135 women had completed baseline measures of cardiovascular risk factors in 1992. Results Our results showed a significant correlation between manual tracing and automated Freesurfer output segmentations of total (r = 0.71), anterior (r = 0.65), and posterior (r = 0.38) hippocampal volumes. Mid-life Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Profile score is not associated with late-life hippocampal volumes, adjusted for intracranial volume, age, education, and apolipoprotein E gene ε4 status. Anterior hippocampal volume segmented either with manual tracing or automated Freesurfer software is sensitive to changes in mid-life high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, while posterior hippocampal volume is linked with verbal episodic memory performance in elderly women. Conclusion These findings support the use of Freesurfer automated segmentation measures for large datasets as being highly correlated with the manual tracing method. In addition, our results suggest intervention strategies that target mid-life HDL cholesterol level in women.
Clinical knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections among emergency medicine providers
Authors: Niforatos Joshua D , Nowacki Amy S , Avery Ann , Gripshover Barbara M , Yax Justin A 
Published: November 2019

Introduction This study examines the association of the domains of knowledge for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among emergency medicine providers (EP). Methods From February 2018 to March 2018, 75 EP (physicians, residents, and advanced practice providers) completed an anonymous, self-administered survey. The primary outcome of strength of correlation between HIV and STI sections of the survey was analyzed using Spearman’s rank-order coefficient. Results Respondents were physicians (54.6%), male (56%), Caucasian (83.7%), with eight years in practice (IQR: 2,16). Spearman’s correlation of HIV and STIs showed a weak positive correlation ( r = 0.35, p = 0.002). There was no association between HIV scores and provider type ( p = 0.67) or provider gender ( p = 0.89) as well as no association between STI scores and provider type ( p = 0.10) or provider gender ( p = 0.79). Conclusion The results of our study reveal that when presented with a patient at high risk for undiagnosed HIV or with undiagnosed symptomatic HIV infection, most providers either do not test or do not have HIV in the differential diagnosis. Similarly, knowledge of STIs is only weakly correlated with knowledge of HIV risk factors and symptomatic HIV infection. Further research and screening efforts may benefit by focusing on HIV education among emergency medicine providers.
Do Badges Affect Intrinsic Motivation in Introductory Programming Students?
Authors: Facey-Shaw Lisa , Specht Marcus , van Rosmalen Peter , Bartley-Bryan Jeanette 
Published: November 2019

Background. Programming is a challenging and highly important topic for introducing learners to our digital world. Research has shown that motivation plays a key role in programming performance. Gamification using digital badges has the potential to influence motivation, provide social recognition and encourage learner participation. More research is recommended to evaluate its motivational impact in different contexts. Intervention. This research explores the effects of badges on the intrinsic motivation levels of introductory programming students within a higher education institution. The course is offered during the first year of the programme. We report the results of a baseline study without badges and four subsequent badge experiments of different designs over a four-year period. Methods. This quasi-experimental study followed a pre-test/post-test design to measure the effects of badges on the intrinsic motivation levels of university-level introductory programming students. Badges were designed and implemented. Feedback via focus groups and a post-badge survey was collected. Results. Findings are inconclusive as the quantitative results suggest that badges did not increase intrinsic motivation scores. Contrastingly, badge survey and qualitative data indicate that badges were received more positively on average. Discussion. We analyse and discuss the results within the context of motivation and the programming discipline, and discuss external factors that may impact the relationship between gamification and motivation. Conclusion. Further research is necessary to investigate whether gamification, through the use of digital badges, can foster positive intrinsic motivational results, particularly in the well-known challenging domain of introductory programming.
Perceptions and expectations of health care providers towards clinical pharmacy services at a tertiary cancer centre in Qatar
Authors: Omar Nabil E , Elazzazy Shereen , Abdallah Oraib , Nashwan Abdulqadir J , Eltorki Yassin , Afifi Hebatalla M , Kassem Nancy , Yassin Mohamed , Hamad Anas 
Published: November 2019

Background Clinical pharmacy services started in 2009 at the National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Qatar. Clinical pharmacy services was established to provide comprehensive prescription of drug management and support, and consulting services to build clinically efficient and cost-effective pharmacy program. Aim To determine perceptions and expectations of healthcare providers toward the clinical pharmacy services at the National Center for Cancer Care and Research. Methods A cross-sectional survey of healthcare providers was conducted from January to May 2018. A self-administered electronic/paper survey containing four domains assessing healthcare providers’ perceptions and expectations towards clinical pharmacy services, perceived barriers to clinical pharmacist role and suggested area for improvement was sent to 375 healthcare providers including physicians, operational pharmacists, nurses and dietitians. Results The response rate was 112/375. Most of the healthcare providers (74%) perceived the increasing interest in clinical pharmacy services. Also, they expected (1) providing consultations regarding appropriate medication choices (82%); (2) providing information about medication availability and shortages (82%); (3) assisting in the prescribing of cost-effective drugs by providing pharmacogenomics information routinely (75%) and (4) Participating actively in research activities (74%). Overall, healthcare providers have a high level of trust in the clinical pharmacists’ abilities ( P < 0.01). Nurses were less appreciative ( P < 0.002) of the positive role of clinical pharmacists in direct patient care as compared to both physicians and pharmacists (64.2%, 90% and 95.7%, respectively). Conclusion This study revealed a positive attitude towards the role of clinical pharmacists by healthcare providers at National Center for Cancer Care and Research. However, there is an area of improvement by empowering with privilege and staffing, elevating the awareness and expansion in the ambulatory care settings.