bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in MXene‐Based Materials: Potential High‐Performance Electrocatalysts
Authors: Liu Anmin , Liang Xingyou , Ren Xuefeng , Guan Weixin , Gao Mengfan , Yang Yanan , Yang Qiyue , Gao Liguo , Li Yanqiang , Ma Tingli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe family of transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (collectively called MXenes) has been a thriving field since the first invention of Ti3C2Tx (MXene) in 2011. MXene is a new type of nanometer 2D sheet material, which exhibits great application potentials in various fields due to its multiple advantages such as high specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, and high mechanical strength. Electrocatalysis is regarded as the core of future clean energy conversion technologies, and MXene‐based materials provide inspiration for the design and preparation of electrocatalysts with high activity, high selectivity, and long loading life time. The applications of MXene‐based materials in electrocatalysis, including hydrogen evolution reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, and methanol oxidation reaction are summarized in this review. As a crucial session regarding experiments, the current safer and more environmentally friendly preparation methods of MXene are also discussed. Focusing on the materials design and enhancement methods, the key challenges and opportunities for MXene‐based materials as a next‐generation platform in both fundamental research and practical electrocatalysis applications are presented. This account serves to promote future efforts toward the development of MXenes and related materials in the electrocatalysis applications.
Solid hold‐up measurement in a jet‐impactor assisted fluidized bed using gamma‐ray densitometry
Authors: Nasri Lari Hamed , Rasouli Majid , Chaouki Jamal , Tavares Jason R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA jet‐impactor assisted‐fluidized bed (JIAFB) for continuous de‐agglomeration of nanopowder agglomerates was presented in previous work. Therein, a jet caused agglomerates to impinge up an impactor, where they would break. However, efficient impactor positioning will be dictated by particle momentum: the product of solid concentration and velocity must be highest. Herein, the variation of solid hold‐up was measured in a fluidized bed of Fe2O3 nanoparticles using gamma‐ray densitometry. Behaviour was compared under minimum fluidization and bubbling regimes, over a wide range of jet velocities (0–200 m s−1). A new line‐decomposition approach allowed mapping local solid distribution across seven axial and five radial positions, tangibly demonstrating how increasing the gas velocity enhanced the fluidization quality by increasing axial solid diffusivity. Conversely, increasing jet velocity locally decreased solid hold‐up in the jet‐affected zone, and brought about inhomogeneities. With this information in hand, jet‐to‐impactor distance was optimized and validated experimentally.
Quantitative determination of the optimal temporoparietal fascia flap necessary to repair skull‐base defects
Authors: Siu Alan , Rangarajan Sanjeet V. , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Luginbuhl Adam , Rimmer Ryan A. , Chitguppi Chandala , Farrell Christopher , Nyquist Gurston G. , Rosen Marc R. , Evans James J. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe ability to reconstruct large cranial base defects has greatly improved with the development of pedicled vascularized flaps. The temporoparietal fascia flap (TPFF) is a viable alternative to the Hadad‐Bassagasteguy nasoseptal flap for large ventral skull‐base defects. This study aims to characterize the size of the TPFF necessary for optimal ventral skull‐base reconstruction.MethodsEleven formaldehyde‐fixed cadaveric heads were used to harvest TPFF of varying heights on each side (total = 22). TPFF was passed through the pterygomaxillary fissure (PMF) to the ventral skull base to assess its coverage. For a subgroup of 12 sides, the TPFF was trimmed to determine the minimum height necessary for coverage.ResultsThe TPFF height was (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) 14.72 ± 1.02 cm (range, 12.5 to 16.5 cm) and width was 8.43 ± 1.05 cm (range, 6 to 10.5 cm). The distance from the TPFF pedicle through the PMF was 5.8 ± 0.5 cm (range, 5 to 6.5 cm). All TPFF flaps provided complete ipsilateral coverage of clival defects, and all but 1 covered the entire clivus. All TPFF flaps, when rotated anteriorly, provided coverage up to the cribriform plate. The minimum TPFF height necessary for complete coverage of cribriform defects and ventral defects up to the planum sphenoidale was 12 cm. TPFF height for specimens with and without complete ventral skull‐base coverage was significantly different (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe TPFF is a versatile alternative to the nasoseptal flap and a height of at least 12 cm can provide enough coverage for all ventral skull base defects.
Dual‐Carbon Lithium‐Ion Capacitors: Principle, Materials, and Technologies
Authors: Zhang Sheng S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) optimize energy density and power capability of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs). The most promising LICs are those, called dual‐carbon LICs, using the LIB carbonaceous negative electrode and EDLC activated carbon positive electrode due to the low lithiation‐delithiation potential of carbonaceous materials and the excellent stability of activated carbon at high potentials. However, a pre‐lithiation process is required to enable such LICs because both the carbonaceous materials used do not contain Li+ ions. In this mini‐review, the principle and materials of the dual‐carbon LICs are outlined, and the key technologies are critically assessed.
Adults with spina bifida: A cross‐sectional study of health issues and living conditions
Authors: Bendt Martina , Gabrielsson Hanna , Riedel Dorothee , Hagman Göran , Hultling Claes , Franzén Erika , Eriksson Mats , Seiger Åke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe health issues and living conditions in a cohort of adults living with Spina bifida.Material and methodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted by a multidisciplinary team.Adults with spina bifida (n = 219) were invited to participate. One‐hundred‐and‐ninety‐six persons (104 women and 92 men; 18–73 years, median age 33 years) were included. Structured interviews, questionnaires, and clinical assessments for medical, social, physical, and cognitive functions were used.ResultsThere was large variation among participants as regards the consequences of their spina bifida. Individuals < 46 years seemed to have more secondary conditions such as hydrocephalus, Chiari II malformation, tethered cord symptoms, and latex allergy. A higher proportion of the individuals >46 years and older was able to walk, and they had performed better in primary school and on tests of psychomotor speed and executive function.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that adults with spina bifida have a complex set of physical, cognitive, and social needs that need to be addressed in order to improve their health issues and living conditions. The high prevalence of urinary and fecal incontinence, pain, and overweight underline that these issues need much attention during follow‐up. The future generations of older adults may need more attention in many ways, since they at a younger age do have more complex medical conditions, lower physical and cognitive functions, and lower prerequisites for independent living and participation in society than those > 46 years today. This elucidates that adults with spina bifida need systematic follow‐up services and social support throughout life.
Environmental management certification and environmental performance: Greening or greenwashing?
Authors: Heras‐Saizarbitoria Iñaki , Boiral Olivier , Díaz de Junguitu Alberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes the contribution of certifiable environmental management standards—such as ISO 14001 and the Eco‐Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)—to corporate environmental performance. Based on a content analysis of 414 third‐party‐verified environmental statements from EMAS‐registered Spanish organizations, which included information for around 6,700 detailed indicators, a weak improvement in environmental performance was found. Less than half of the analyzed indicators—namely, 48.27%—revealed a net improvement. Similarly, analysis of the justifications of the registered companies for the lack of improvement points to a rather symbolical adoption of the certification, intended to do only the bare minimum. These findings call into question the prevailing opinion about the positive impact of voluntary certifiable environmental management standards on environmental greening. Implications for managers and public policy makers, as well as for other stakeholders, are discussed.
Cell‐free DNA profiling in retinoblastoma patients with advanced intraocular disease: An MSKCC experience
Authors: Kothari Prachi , Marass Francesco , Yang Julie L. , Stewart Caitlin M. , Stephens Dennis , Patel Juber , Hasan Maysun , Jing Xiaohong , Meng Fanli , Enriquez Jeanette , Huberman Kety , Viale Agnes , Francis Jasmine H. , Berger Michael F. , Shukla Neerav , Abramson David H. , Dunkel Ira J. , Tsui Dana W.Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe enucleation rate for retinoblastoma has dropped from over 95% to under 10% in the past 10 years as a result of improvements in therapy. This reduces access to tumor tissue for molecular profiling, especially in unilateral retinoblastoma, and hinders the confirmation of somatic RB1 mutations necessary for genetic counseling. Plasma cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) has provided a platform for noninvasive molecular profiling in cancer, but its applicability in low tumor burden retinoblastoma has not been shown. We analyzed cfDNA collected from 10 patients with available tumor tissue to determine whether sufficient tumorderived cfDNA is shed in plasma from retinoblastoma tumors to enable noninvasive RB1 mutation detection.MethodsTumor tissue was collected from eye enucleations in 10 patients diagnosed with advanced intra‐ocular unilateral retinoblastoma, three of which went on to develop metastatic disease. Tumor RB1 mutation status was determined using an FDA‐cleared tumor sequencing assay, MSK‐IMPACT. Plasma samples were collected before eye enucleation and analyzed with a customized panel targeting all exons of RB1.ResultsTumor‐guided genotyping detected 10 of the 13 expected somatic RB1 mutations in plasma cfDNA in 8 of 10 patients (average variant allele frequency 3.78%). Without referring to RB1 status in the tumor, de novo mutation calling identified 7 of the 13 expected RB1 mutations (in 6 of 10 patients) with high confidence.ConclusionPlasma cfDNA can detect somatic RB1 mutations in patients with unilateral retinoblastoma. Since intraocular biopsies are avoided in these patients because of concern about spreading tumor, cfDNA can potentially offer a noninvasive platform to guide clinical decisions about treatment, follow‐up schemes, and risk of metastasis.
Periodontal Manifestation of Type Ib Glycogen Storage Disease: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Dababneh Reem , Shawabkeh Ayman , Gharaibeh Shatha , Khouri Zaid Al , Amayreh Wajdi , Bissada Nabil F. 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionGlycogen storage diseases (GSD) are genetic metabolic disorders of glycogen metabolism. There are >15 types based on the enzyme deficiency and the affected organ. Glycogen storage disease Type Ib is the only type associated with neutropenia and periodontitis. This type is caused by a deficiency of glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) translocase which prevents the transport of G6P across the endoplasmic reticulum. As a result, glycogen cannot be metabolized into glucose with its subsequent accumulation in tissues. The affected organs involved in Type Ib are the liver, kidney, and intestine.Case PresentationA 5‐year‐old Jordanian boy from a consanguineous family referred to the periodontal clinic in February 2014 with an established diagnosis of GSD‐Ib. The systemic manifestations include hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperprolactenemia, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoporosis, and neutropenia. Oral manifestations include severe gingival inflammation and recurrent oral ulceration disease.ConclusionsThe clinical signs and symptoms of periodontal disease in GSD Type Ib are similar to those found in patients diagnosed with neutropenia. Future studies are needed to clarify whether severe generalized inflammation of the gingiva in children is part of the GSD Type Ib or is a separate entity caused by neutrophil dysfunction.
Photocatalytic activity enhanced via surface hybridization
Authors: Guo Yan , Li Huarui , Ma Wei , Shi Wenxin , Zhu Yongfa , Choi Wonyong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurface hybrid inorganic semiconductors photocatalysts with π conjugated structure have recently been widely used in the field of photocatalytic environmental remediation and energy conversion. Surface hybridization is considered to be an efficient way to significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity by several times, completely inhibit photocorrosion of inorganic photocatalysts and expand the spectral response range of photocatalysts. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the surface hybridization definition, the principle of enhancing photocatalytic performance and the control factors of surface hybridization to promote photoactivity. Summarize the preparation and structural identification method of the surface hybrid photocatalyst. Special emphasis is placed on the various photocatalytic system construction of surface hybridization. The development of surface hybrid photocatalysts for pollutant degradation and energy conversion are further presented. Finally, the challenges and future development prospects of surface hybridization in photocatalysis are discussed. We hope this critical review can provide a clear picture of the state‐of‐the‐art achievements and facilitate the applications of surface hybrid photocatalysts in environmental remediation and energy conversion.
Morphology‐controlled Synthesis of Molybdenum Oxide with Tunable Plasmon Absorption for Phothermal Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqin , Zu Hongru , Guo Yanxian , Liu Qingqing , Liu Zhiming , Hu Chaofan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSemiconductor nanocrystals showing surface plasmonic absorption features can be used as prospective substitutes for noble metallic nanoparticles. Herein, a creative one‐pot hydrothermal route without template is used to synthesize plasmonic oxygen deficiency molybdenum oxide (MoO3‐x) nanoparticles. The morphologies of as‐prepared MoO3‐x nanomaterials arranged from amorphous to crystalline with the reaction temperature varied from 160 °C, 180 °C to 200 °C, namely MoO3‐x quantum dots (QDs), MoO3‐x nanosheets, and MoO2 nanospheres. Simultaneously, in the near‐infrared region (NIR), MoO3‐x nanomaterials exhibit gradually enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption, of which MoO2 nanospheres exhibit intense NIR absorption with a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 72.5% under 808 nm NIR laser irradiation. Moreover, the toxicity and cancer therapy efficacy of MoO2 nanospheres have been systematically assessed in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The results revealed that MoO2 nanospheres exhibit low toxicity and high therapeutic efficiency, making it an promising and effective photothermal agent in photothermal therapy
Electroluminescence performance of a series of fluorene/2,5‐di(2‐thienyl)‐1H‐pyrrole polymers
Authors: Bilgili Hakan , Kara Koray , Yenel Esma , Demic Serafettin , Kus Mahmut , Koyuncu Sermet 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, a series of fluorene/2,5‐dithenyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐based electroactive polymers (HS‐X) with different feed ratio of SC12F/OF were synthesized via Suzuki coupling reactions. Chemical characterization of polymers was elucidated by 1H NMR and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrochemical and electrophysical characterization of the synthesized polymers were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, UV‐vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Thermal stability of polymers were studied with differential scanning calorimetry and manipulation of the Tg values of HS‐X polymers was managed by increasing the numbers of the spiroalkylated fluorene (SAF) moieties incorporated into the polymer backbone. Five different conjugated polymers (HS‐1, HS‐2, HS‐3, HS‐4, and HS‐5) were used as hole transport layer material in the fabrication of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices. The energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital as well as the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and photoluminescence intensities were independent of the number of SAF units. OLED devices based on HS‐X polymers were fabricated according to ITO/PEDOT:PSS/HS‐X/Alq3/LiF:Al device configuration. Their electroluminescence performances were investigated and the best performance were obtained with the polymer containing 20% SC12F (HS‐4) in an OLED device with a turn on voltage of 11.8 V, a maximum luminance of 1202 cd/m2 and a maximum luminous efficiency of 0.30 cd/A compared to other polymers with different feed ratio.
Feature optimization and hybrid classification for malicious web page detection
Authors: Deng Weiping , Peng Yan , Yang Fan , Song Jun 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe security threats from malicious web pages have become a hot topic for cyber security. One goal pursued by current research is to identify malicious web pages quickly, accurately, and efficiently. Considering the high detection costs and potential dimensionality curse of malicious webpage detection, in this article, we proposes a detection framework based on feature optimization and hybrid classification. It provides three properties: more new malicious webpage features, information gain‐based feature selection method, and integrating multiple machine learning method. A comprehensive experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed framework has remarkable advantages in aspects of detection accuracy and detection performance.
A new interval native Bayes uncertain fault diagnosis method based on the firefly algorithm
Authors: Chen Yongqi , Dai Qinge , Chen Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTraditional fault diagnosis methods assume that the rolling bearing fault samples are precise data. However, this assumption may be wrong when there are problems of measurement uncertainty etc. Due to this, this paper proposes an interval native Bayes uncertain fault diagnosis method based on the firefly algorithm. First, the interval fault vibration signals are decomposed by intrinsic time scale decomposition, and several proper rotation components (PRC) are obtained. Features of PRC, such as interval kurtosis etc., are extracted as fault samples. Then, an interval native Bayes uncertain fault diagnosis method is designed for these uncertain rolling bearing interval features. Conventionally, the fault diagnosis method utilizes the same interval features to distinguish different fault types. However, each type of fault has its own distinctive classification accuracy for different features. Thus, this paper uses the firefly algorithm to extract different optimal interval fault features for different fault types. Experimental results show: (i) the proposed interval native Bayes method can be effectively applied in the interval fault diagnosis of rolling bearing under measurement uncertainty conditions. (ii) Compared with two traditional methods which extract the same fault features for all fault types, the new method can obtain higher classification accuracy.
Time‐domain ringing noise analysis induced in transmission lines using the common and normal mode concepts
Authors: Jinno Souma , Kitora Shuji , Toki Hiroshi , Abe Masayuki 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn circuit design, it is important to understand the effect of circuit structure on the generation of electromagnetic noise. Analyses of ringing noise induced in three transmission lines connected to lumped‐parameter electronics are presented experimentally and theoretically. Four types of circuits classified with structures of lumped‐ and distributed‐parameter circuits are investigated. Symmetrical relations of three line positions and lumped‐parameter electronics suppress ringing noise, whereas asymmetry of either of the distributed‐ and lumped‐parameter circuits induces ringing noise, even the impedance matching condition is imposed in the normal mode. We analytically elucidate the origin of various behaviors of ringing noise caused by the circuit structures using the concept of the normal and common modes.
Affinin and hexahydroaffinin: Chemistry and toxicological profile
Authors: de la Rosa‐Lugo Vianey , Déciga‐Campos Myrna , Ríos María Yolanda , Navarrete‐Herrera Diana Saray , López‐Muñoz Francisco Javier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present work aimed to determine the safety parameters of two new alkamides, affinin and hexahydroaffinin, with antinociceptive activity. To predict the preliminary acute toxicity, we used the acute and subchronic toxicity (50 mg/kg, orally [po]) in Swiss Webster mice. Genotoxicity assayed via analysis of cell micronuclei of the femoral bone marrow in mice; at the same time, metabolic parameters determined from peripheral blood samples. Furthermore, to discard the neuropharmacological effects, we assessed the ambulatory activity in mice to determine the possible effects in the central nervous system. Finally, we used capsaicin as a positive control of alkamides. According to our results, hexahydroaffinin (LD50 ≥ 5,000 mg/kg, po) is significantly less noxious than affinin (LD50 = 1,442.2 mg/kg, po) or capsaicin (LD50 = 489.9 mg/kg, po). In subchronic administration, we did not observe any changes in hematological or biochemical parameters in any compound analyzed from peripheral blood samples. Finally, the data from the genotoxicity assay showed micronuclei formation in 28%, 5%, and 3% of mice in the capsaicin, affinin, and hexahydroaffinin groups, respectively. With the results obtained in the present investigation, we suggest that affinin and hexahydroaffinin are not only useful candidates for possible new drugs but also safe compounds.
The formation of multiple pituitary pouches from the oral ectoderm causes ectopic lens development in hedgehog signaling‐defective avian embryos
Authors: Taira Yuki , Ikuta Yuya , Inamori Sachiko , Nunome Mitsuo , Nakano Mikiharu , Suzuki Takayuki , Matsuda Yoichi , Tsudzuki Masaoki , Teramoto Machiko , Iida Hideaki , Kondoh Hisato 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHedgehog signaling has various regulatory functions in tissue morphogenesis and differentiation. To investigate its involvement in anterior pituitary precursor development and the lens precursor potential for anterior pituitary precursors, we investigated Talpid mutant Japanese quail embryos, in which hedgehog signaling is defective.ResultsTalpid mutants develop multiple pituitary precursor‐like pouches of variable sizes from the oral ectoderm (OE). The ectopic pituitary pouches initially express the pituitary‐associated transcription factor (TF) LHX3 similarly to Rathke's pouch, the genuine pituitary precursor. The pouches coexpress the TFs SOX2 and PAX6, a signature of lens developmental potential. Most Talpid mutant pituitary pouches downregulate LHX3 expression and activate the lens‐essential TF PROX1, leading to the development of small lens tissue expressing α‐, β‐, and δ‐crystallins. In contrast, mutant Rathke's pouches express a lower level of LHX3, which is primarily localized in the cytoplasm, and activate the lens developmental pathway.ConclusionsHedgehog signaling in normal embryos regulates the development of Rathke's pouch in two steps. First, by confining Rathke's pouch development in a low hedgehog signaling region of the OE. Second, by sustaining LHX3 activity to promote anterior pituitary development, while inhibiting ectopic lens development.