bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising aerial herbicide treatment for control of dense conifer infestations: a New Zealand case study
Authors: Rolando Carol A , Richardson Brian , Schou Wayne , Somchit Chanatda , Paul Thomas S. H. , Scott Matthew B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDConifers, mainly of the genus Pinus, have invaded natural and productive landscapes worldwide. Controlling dense conifer invasions is challenging and requires both effective initial control methods and long‐term site management to prevent re‐invasion. Broadcast aerial herbicide application is often the preferred treatment method for dense infestations of pines with high rates of complex herbicide mixtures used. The objective of this study was to: (i) test the efficacy of four simple herbicide mixes (containing two active ingredients and one adjuvant) as compared to an operational standard (four active ingredients and three adjuvants) for control of Pinus contorta invasions in a field trial and (ii) to quantify the effect of treatment mixes on non‐target vegetation to determine impacts to plant community composition.RESULTSWe found that a simplified herbicide mix containing two active ingredients and one adjuvant was equally as effective as the current operational standard, with efficacy for all treatments increasing as a function of stem density. All herbicide treatments significantly impacted the post‐spray community composition with differences among treatments in post‐spray vegetation composition also detected. Following all treatments plant communities transitioned from a mixed native/exotic grassland‐herb community to a simplified community dominated by exotic grasses.CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate a simpler herbicide mix could be used for broadcast aerial control of dense pine invasion reducing total herbicide input and cost of the operation. Post‐spray vegetation community recovery could reflect the impact of the herbicides used in the operation compounded by soil biogeochemical processes already initiated through the pine invasion. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A Likelihood Perspective on Dose‐Finding Study Designs in Oncology
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDose‐finding studies in oncology often include an up‐and‐down dose transition rule that assigns a dose to each cohort of patients based on accumulating data on dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) events. In making a dose transition decision, a key scientific question is whether the true DLT rate of the current dose exceeds the target DLT rate, and the statistical question is how to evaluate the statistical evidence in the available DLT data with respect to that scientific question. This article introduces generalized likelihood ratios (GLRs) that can be used to measure statistical evidence and support dose transition decisions. Applying this approach to a single‐dose likelihood leads to a GLR‐based interval design with three parameters: the target DLT rate and two GLR cut‐points representing the levels of evidence required for dose escalation and de‐escalation. This design gives a likelihood interpretation to each existing interval design and provides a unified framework for comparing different interval designs in terms of how much evidence is required for escalation and de‐escalation. A GLR‐based comparison of commonly used interval designs reveals important differences and motivates alternative designs that reduce over‐treatment while maintaining MTD estimation accuracy. The GLR‐based approach can also be applied to a joint likelihood based on a nonparametric (e.g., isotonic regression) model or a parametric model. Simulation results indicate that the isotonic GLR performs similarly to the single‐dose GLR but the GLR based on a parsimonious model can improve MTD estimation when the underlying model is correct.
Isoliquiritigenin Exhibits Anti‐Inflammatory Responses in Acute Lung Injury by Covalently Binding to the Myeloid Differentiation Protein‐2 Domain
Authors: Yang Liu , Nie Haoran , Du Yan , Liu Xuyang , Cai Bangrong , Li Jiansheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAcute lung injury (ALI), a systemic inflammatory response with high morbidity, lacks effective pharmacological therapies. Myeloid differentiation protein‐2 (MD2) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for ALI. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the ability of isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a natural flavonoid found in licorice as a novel MD2 inhibitor, to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI. We established a mouse ALI model and a RAW 264.7 cell injury model through LPS administration. Then, lung injury was assessed through histopathological examination, and the effects of ISL were evaluated using immunofluorescence, western blotting, reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, the interaction between ISL and MD2 was investigated through co‐immunoprecipitation and LPS displacement assays. Molecular docking and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses were employed to predict the ISL‐binding domain of MD2. We found that ISL covalently bound to the Cysteine 133 residue of MD2, disrupting the formation of the LPS/MD2/toll‐like receptor 4 complex, and ISL significantly suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production and reactive oxygen species generation in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, ISL significantly alleviated lung injury in LPS‐induced mice, reducing pulmonary microvascular permeability, inflammatory cell infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine expression. The underlying mechanism of ISL involved the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B and the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway. Our findings supported that MD2 is the direct target of ISL in mediating its anti‐inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro, and it holds potential as a therapeutic candidate for treating ALI and other inflammatory diseases.
Ilexgenin A Alleviates Myocardial Ferroptosis in Response to Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via the SIRT1 Pathway
Authors: Yang Bo , Jue Xiao‐yu , Luo Shang‐fei , Tan Zhang‐bin , Yang Li‐ning , Feng Yun‐ting , Tan Yong‐zhen , Liu Bin , Zhang Jing‐zhi , Deng Bo , Wu Wei‐wei , Zhang Shuang‐wei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMyocardial ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury has emerged as an increasingly serious cardiovascular health concern worldwide, with ferroptosis playing a pivotal role as the underlying pathogenic process. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacological effect and mechanism of Ilexgenin A on cardiomyocyte ferroptosis induced by myocardial I/R injury. In vivo, we established a murine anterior descending artery ligation/recanalization model to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of Ilexgenin A. Bioinformatics analysis, molecular docking, and Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging were conducted to predict the pharmacological targets of Ilexgenin A. In vitro experiments, the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were utilized to further explore the mechanism of Ilexgenin A in inhibiting ferroptosis using chemiluminescence and immunofluorescence staining, electron microscopy, biochemical assay, RT‐qPCR, western blotting, and so on. The results showed that Ilexgenin A protected against cardiac dysfunction, ameliorated myocardial ferroptosis and mitochondrial damage induced by murine myocardial I/R injury via the silence information regulator 1 (SIRT1) pathway, the trend was consistently observed in NRCMs. Additionally, the SIRT1 knockdown by siRNA delivery partially abrogated the beneficial effects of Ilexgenin A on ameliorating mitochondrial damage, and then aggravated erastin‐induced ferroptosis in NRCMs. Overall, Our research demonstrated that the inhibition of ferroptosis via the SIRT1 pathway was one of the mechanisms by which Ilexgenin A exerted cardioprotective effect.
Global Research on Cyberchondria: Scientometric and Visual Analysis From 2003 to 2022
Authors: Baysan Caner , Palanbek Yavaş Seher 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to summarise the research themes, hotspots, and boundaries in the field of cyberchondria using scientometrics and visual analysis methods. Until 31 December 2022, 181 publications (165 articles, 16 reviews) were identified under the topic of ‘cyberchondria’ in the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer was used for analysis. It was observed that publications related to cyberchondria have rapidly developed into a research area in the last 4 years, constituting 79.0% (n = 143) of the total publications. The most common co‐occurring keywords are ‘cyberchondria’, ‘health anxiety’, and ‘COVID‐19’. Clusters representing three different themes were obtained by conducting co‐occurring keyword analysis. The first and largest cluster comprises ‘COVID‐19’, ‘anxiety’, and ‘internet addiction’, the second cluster includes ‘cyberchondria’ and ‘health anxiety’, and the third cluster centres around ‘health information’ and ‘health education’ keywords. This study has mapped out the information landscape of cyberchondria research over the past 20 years using scientometric and visual analysis methods. The significant increase in recent years indicates a diversification and continued growth in studies conducted in this field. By presenting the general state of the field, this study provides valuable insights for future research endeavours.
Clinical characteristics and temporal trends of lumbar drain use in minimally invasive resection of pituitary neoplasms
Authors: Bitner Benjamin F. , Torabi Sina J. , Hong Ellen M. , Abello Eric H. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Hsu Frank P. K. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesAppropriate scenarios of lumbar drain (LD) use in endonasal skull base surgery is an active area of investigation. However, existing data is limited. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the robustness of the NSQIP database to characterize morbidity and complications associated with LD usage concurrent to minimally invasive resection of pituitary tumors.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to query patients undergoing transnasal resection of pituitary tumor. Patients were stratified by concurrent perioperative use of LD and outcomes were compared.ResultsA total of 1714 patients underwent minimally invasive endonasal (microscopic or endoscopic) pituitary tumor resection, of which LD was concurrently placed in 98 (5.7%) cases. Operative time was significantly longer for patients who had LD placed compared to those without (176.5 min (IQR 114.8–229.5) vs. 137 min [IQR 100–185]), (p < 0.001) with a significantly longer length of stay (5 days [IQR 4–6] vs. 3 days [IQR 2–5]), (p < 0.001). Multivariate regression demonstrated LD placement was an independent predictor of postoperative medical complication (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.15–5.03, p = 0.020) and unplanned readmission (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.02–4.16, p = 0.044), but not CSF leak (OR 2.30, 95% CI 0.51–10.26; p = 0.276). Temporal analysis during the study period demonstrated a decrease in LD use from 8% to 5% (R2 = 0.60; p = 0.025).ConclusionsThe NSQIP database provides a large patient population for examining LD use in endoscopic pituitary adenoma resection. LD use for minimally invasive pituitary surgery is associated with postoperative medical complications and unplanned readmissions, with no apparent impact on reconstructive outcomes, and there is overall decreasing usage. Clinical judgment should be exercised in selecting appropriate scenarios for use.
Comparing moderate–severe and severe mitral regurgitation in transcatheter aortic valve replacement on 1-year survival: insights from a Japanese Nationwide Registry
Authors: Matsuura Kaoru , Kumamaru Hiraku , Kohsaka Shun , Kanda Tomoyoshi , Kitahara Hideki , Shimamura Kazuo , Kobayashi Yoshio , Matsumiya Goro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study aims to compare 1-year outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) between patients with moderate–severe MR and severe MR preoperatively using the Japan Transcatheter Valve Therapy (J-TVT) registry. Patients undergoing TAVR for aortic stenosis between August 2013 and December 2019 with preoperative mitral regurgitation of moderate–severe (group MR3) or severe (group MR4) were included. Patients with a history of valve surgery and dialysis patients were excluded. A total of 2017 patients were included, and 1-year follow-up data were obtained from the registry (follow-up rate 98.5%). Propensity-score matching between MR3 and MR4 groups was performed. All-cause mortality and the composite outcome of death and/or heart failure events were compared. Crude data showed that 1-year survival was significantly higher in the MR 3 (89.8%) than MR 4 (84.7%) groups, and freedom from 1-year mortality and heart failure events was also higher in the MR 3 (87.1%) than MR 4 (80.5%) groups (p = 0.0001). After propensity-score matching, 452 cases (226 cases each in MR 3 group and MR 4 group) were extracted. Cox regression model showed no statistical difference in the 1-year survival rate between MR 3 group (84.5%) and MR 4 group (85.5%) (p = 0.84), nor in freedom from 1-year death and/or heart failure events between MR 3 group (80.2%) and MR 4 group (81.6%) (p = 0.72). The 1-year survival rate and freedom from death and/or heart failure events were found to be similar between patients undergoing TAVR with MR grade 3 and MR grade 4.
Stereohoax: a multilingual corpus of racial hoaxes and social media reactions annotated for stereotypes
Authors: Schmeisser-Nieto Wolfgang S. , Cignarella Alessandra Teresa , Bourgeade Tom , Frenda Simona , Ariza-Casabona Alejandro , Laurent Mario , Cicirelli Paolo Giovanni , Marra Andrea , Corbelli Giuseppe , Benamara Farah , Bosco Cristina , Moriceau Véronique , Paciello Marinella , Patti Viviana , Taulé Mariona , D’Errico Francesca 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStereotypes have been studied extensively in the fields of social psychology and, especially with the recent advances in technology, in computational linguistics. Stereotypes have also gained even more attention nowadays because of a notable rise in their dissemination due to demographic changes and world events. This paper focuses on ethnic stereotypes related to immigration and presents the StereoHoax corpus, a multilingual dataset of 17,814 tweets in French, Italian, and Spanish. The corpus includes conversational threads reporting on and responding to racial hoaxes about immigrants, which we define as false claims of unlawful actions attributed to specific ethnic groups. This work describes the data collection process and the fine-grained annotation scheme we used, which is based mainly on the Stereotype Content Model adapted to the study applied to immigrants of Bosco et al. (2023). Quantitative and qualitative analyses show the distribution and correlation of annotated categories across languages, revealing, for instance, intercultural differences in the expression of stereotypes through forms of discredit. To validate our data, we performed four machine learning experiments using pre-trained BERT-like models in order to lay a foundation for automatic stereotype detection research. Leveraging the StereoHoax corpus, we gained crucial insights into the importance of context, especially in relation to the detection of implicit stereotypes. Overall, we believe that the StereoHoax corpus will prove to be a valuable resource for the automatic detection of stereotypes regarding immigrants and the study of the linguistic and psychological patterns associated with their dissemination.
Recoverable robust single machine scheduling with polyhedral uncertainty
Authors: Bold Matthew , Goerigk Marc 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper considers a recoverable robust single-machine scheduling problem under polyhedral uncertainty with the objective of minimising the total flow time. In this setting, a decision-maker must determine a first-stage schedule subject to the uncertain job processing times. Then following the realisation of these processing times, they have the option to swap the positions of up to $$\Delta $$
Δ
disjoint pairs of jobs to obtain a second-stage schedule. We first formulate this scheduling problem using a general recoverable robust framework, before we examine the incremental subproblem in further detail. We prove a general result for max-weight matching problems, showing that for edge weights of a specific form, the matching polytope can be fully characterised by polynomially many constraints. We use this result to derive a matching-based compact formulation for the full problem. Further analysis of the incremental problem leads to an additional assignment-based compact formulation. Computational results on budgeted uncertainty sets compare the relative strengths of the three compact models we propose.
First records of invasive Vespa velutina nigrithorax Buysson, 1905 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853 (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Slovakia
Authors: Purkart Adrián , Semelbauer Marek , Šima Peter , Lukáš Jozef , Hoffner Simon , Fedor Peter , Senko Dušan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Biological invasions are an increasing threat to ecosystems; early identification of invasive species and rigorous monitoring are prerequisites to minimize environmental damage. Currently, two large hymenopterans of Asian origin are spreading across Europe: the yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax Buysson, 1905 and the giant resin bee Megachile sculpturalis Smith, 1853, populations of which have been gradually being discovered across Europe since 2004 and 2008, respectively. Considering the current distribution of both species in Europe, further spread through Central Europe is expected in recent years. In July 2024, the first record of M. sculpturalis was documented in Slovakia, followed by more reports from 11 localities. Less than two months later, the second invasive hymenopteran, V. velutina nigrithorax, was also detected. Utilising multiple methods, their nest was discovered as well. On-site observations showed that the yellow-legged hornets (workers) were active almost two days after colony eradication. The finding of both species was accompanied by an intensive campaign using citizen science.
The effect of major abiotic stressors on honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queens and potential impact on their progeny
Authors: Amiri Esmaeil , Abou-Shaara Hossam , McAfee Alison 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Queen health and quality play a significant role in the survival, expansion, and productivity of honey bee colonies. Nevertheless, modern beekeeping practices, intensified agriculture, and climate change can leave queens vulnerable to diverse stressors. These stressors can exert a negative impact on queens, resulting in a range of morphological and physiological abnormalities. The repercussions of queen stress may not only cause direct impacts on her survival and performance, but it may also extend to the offspring of surviving queens through transgenerational mechanisms. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the effects of major abiotic stressors (namely, nutrition, pesticides, and extreme temperatures) on queen health and their potential impacts on the queen’s progeny. Gaining insight into the effects of these factors across individual and colony levels is vital for prioritizing further research on queen and colony health.
Evaluating UK academics’ perspectives of ethics education within computer science degree programmes: a preliminary insight
Authors: O’Shea Karen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEmerging systems using artificial intelligence (AI) including the complexities of deep learning leading to decision-making outcomes pose challenge, risk alongside opportunities to revolutionize business sectors and thus, human life. Building AI that impact on critical decision-making must be entwined with ethical questioning from the initial conception of design. As academics educating future technologists, we must lead on embedding the importance of ethical thinking for equitable designed systems. Currently, it is unclear across UK Higher Education how widely ethics is taught across programmes of study within computer science disciplines, their importance within the curriculum plus the confidence of academics for its delivery. This paper carries out a survey analysis to identify gaps, measures of engagement, expertise and knowledgebase of topics through both quantitative and qualitative questioning. The survey was distributed to 15 member universities of the Council for Professors and Heads of Computing (CPHC) randomly selected across the UK for which 32 academics engaged in the study. Results show ethics was noted as being important although one-third reported it was not widely embedded across the curriculum. Just less than half of participants schedule the teaching of ethics regularly either across one or several modules. Interestingly, 91% of respondents stated that they have not received any instruction or training and that 62% felt that they require more training on the subject matter. This paper is inspired by wider research from European studies however, this study provides a specific novel focus on a broad range of UK universities, providing comparative analysis and unique findings from the UK perspective. The significance of these findings suggest academics perspectives vary with specific training needs. This demonstrates that this early-stage research requires further exploration of the wider computer science curriculum, sharing of good practice and collaborative working.
A bi-material FDM system with reinforced mixing and cooling for uniform material mixing and broad functionality
Authors: Yang Li , Petterson Henrik , Olofsson Jonathan , Palmaer Philip 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work presents a single-nozzle/bi-extrusion FDM technology featuring two material inputs and heating sections connected with a mixing device with a reinforced mixing mechanism. The device ensures uniform mixing of materials, consistent print quality, and functionality, while an air-cooling system allows printing with materials having different solidification temperatures. Trials with six Dryflex TPEs demonstrated precise regulation of material flows, enabling dynamic adjustment of material blends and creation of multiple functionalities in one product. The technology also creates functionally graded materials (FGMs) in transition zones, improving interlayer adhesion and mechanical performance. This advancement enhances production flexibility, efficiency, and product quality, and expands material availability for additive manufacturing.