bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain at home during childhood cancer treatment: Severity, prevalence, analgesic use, and interference with daily life
Authors: Simon Julia D.H.P. , Van Loon Femke R.A.A. , Van Amstel Juul , Elmont Gina S. , Zwaan C. Michel , Fiocco Marta , Schepers Sasja A. , Tissing Wim J.E. , Michiels Erna M.C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPain is a common symptom in childhood cancer. Since children spend more time at home, families are increasingly responsible for pain management. This study aimed at assessing pain at home.ProcedureIn this longitudinal observational study (April 2016‐January 2017), pain severity and prevalence, analgesic use, and pain interference with daily life (Brief Pain Inventory Short Form) were assessed for 4 consecutive days around the time of multiple chemotherapy appointments. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were used to report pain severity (with clinically significant pain defined as: score ≥ 4 on “worst pain” or “average pain in the last 24 h”), pain prevalence, and analgesic use. Mixed models were estimated to assess whether patient characteristics were associated with pain severity, and whether pain severity was associated with interference with daily life.ResultsSeventy‐three children (50.7% male) participated (1‐18 years). A majority (N = 57, 78%) experienced clinically significant pain at least once, and 30% reported clinically significant pain at least half the time. In 33.6% of scores ≥ 4, no medication was used. We found an association between pain severity and interference with daily life: the higher the pain, the bigger the interference (estimated regression coefficient = 1.01 [95% CI 0.98‐1.13]).ConclusionsThe majority of children experienced clinically significant pain at home, and families frequently indicated no medication use. A stronger focus on education and coaching of families seems essential, as well as routine screening for pain in the home setting.
Leveraging Immonium Ions for Targeting Acyl‐Lysine Modifications in Proteomic Datasets
Authors: Muroski John M. , Fu Janine Y. , Nguyen Hong Hanh , Ogorzalek Loo Rachel R. , Loo Joseph A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcyl modifications vary greatly in terms of elemental composition and site of protein modification. Developing methods to identify acyl modifications more confidently can help to assess the scope of these modifications in large proteomic datasets. The utility of acyl‐lysine immonium ions is analyzed for identifying the modifications in proteomic datasets. It is demonstrated that the cyclized immonium ion is a strong indicator of acyl‐lysine presence when its rank or relative abundance compared to other ions within a spectrum is considered. Utilizing a stepped collision energy method in a shotgun experiment highlights the immonium ion. By implementing an analysis that accounted for features within each MS2 spectrum, the method clearly identifies peptides with short chain acyl‐lysine modifications from complex lysates. Immonium ions can also be used to validate novel acyl modifications; in this study, the first examples of 3‐hydroxylpimelyl‐lysine modifications are reported and they are validated using immonium ions. Overall these results solidify the use of the immonium ion as a marker for acyl‐lysine modifications in complex proteomic datasets.
Benzophenone derivatives as novel organosoluble visible light Type II photoinitiators for UV and LED photoinitiating systems
Authors: Huang Tung‐Liang , Li Yan‐Heng , Chen Yung‐Chung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFive organosoluble visible light benzophenone derivatives (BPs), incorporated different arylamine as electron donating groups have been synthesized and investigated for their roles as photoinitiating systems for free radical photopolymerization of acrylate monomer upon the UV and LED exposure. All the target compounds (BP‐1–5) have confirmed through 1H NMR, HR‐MS/EI‐MS spectra and elemental analysis. BPs displayed red‐shifted absorption, higher molar extinction coefficient and better thermal properties as compared to reference benzophenone (BP) compound. BP and BPs in combination with hydrogen donor, triethylamine (TEA), are prepared and investigated their electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and photo‐DSC (photo‐differential scanning calorimetry). ESR spectra of BP‐1/TEA package showed the highest radical intensity among the test photoinitiator packages. In addition, BP‐1‐based formulation exhibited the best double bond conversion efficiency than other BPs and comparable to the BP for the free radical polymerization (FRP) of TMPTA under similar UV light source. We then selected BP‐1/TEA and BP/TEA package for FRP under LED light irradiation. Interesting, the BP‐1/TEA system exhibited better efficiency and shorter time at maximum heat flow than BP/TEA. This result indicates BP‐1 photoinitiator not only displays good light harvesting, thermal property, but exhibits conversion efficiency under the irradiation of UV and LED.
Therapeutic Pretargeting with Gold Nanoparticles as Drug Candidates for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Feiner Irene V. J. , Pulagam Krishna R. , Gómez‐Vallejo Vanessa , Zamacola Kepa , Baz Zuriñe , Caffarel María M. , Lawrie Charles H. , Ruiz‐de‐Angulo Ane , Carril Mónica , Llop Jordi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBoron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary approach for cancer treatment in which boron‐10 atoms and thermal neutrons need to colocalize to become effective. Recent research in the development of BNCT drug candidates focuses increasingly on nanomaterials, with the advantages of high boron loadings and passive targeting due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The use of small boron‐rich gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in combination with a pretargeting approach is proposed. Small sized polyethylene glycol–stabilized AuNPs (core size 4.1 ± 1.5 nm), are synthesized and functionalized with thiolated cobalt bis(dicarbollide) and tetrazine. To enable in vivo tracking of the AuNPs by positron emission tomography (PET), the core is doped with [64Cu]CuCl2. For the pretargeting approach, the monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab is functionalized with trans‐cyclooctene‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester. After proving in vitro occurrence of the antibody conjugation onto the AuNPs by click reaction and the low toxicity of the AuNPs, the boron delivery system is evaluated in vivo using breast cancer xenograft bearing mice and PET imaging. Tumor uptake due to the EPR effect can be witnessed with ≈5% injected dose (ID) cm−3 at 24 h postinjection, but with slower clearance than expected. Therefore, no increased retention can be observed using the pretargeting strategy.
Effects of omecamtiv mecarbil on calcium‐transients and contractility in a translational canine myocyte model
Authors: Gao BaoXi , Sutherland Weston , Vargas Hugo M. , Qu Yusheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOmecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a selective cardiac myosin activator (myotrope), currently in Phase 3 clinical investigation as a novel treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. OM increases cardiac contractility by enhancing interaction between myosin and actin in a calcium‐independent fashion. This study aims to characterize the mechanism of action by evaluating its simultaneous effect on myocyte contractility and calcium‐transients (CTs) in healthy canine ventricular myocytes. Left ventricular myocytes were isolated from canines and loaded with Fura‐2 AM. With an IonOptix system, contractility parameters including amplitude and duration of sarcomere shortening, contraction and relaxation velocity, and resting sarcomere length were measured. CT parameters including amplitude at systole and diastole, velocity at systole and diastole, and duration at 50% from peak were simultaneously measured. OM was tested at 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 µmol\L concentrations to simulate therapeutic human plasma exposure levels. OM and isoproterenol (ISO) demonstrated differential effects on CTs and myocyte contractility. OM increased contractility mainly by prolonging duration of contraction while ISO increased contractility mainly by augmenting the amplitude of contraction. ISO increased the amplitude and velocity of CT, shortened duration of CT concurrent with increasing myocyte contraction, while OM did not change the amplitude, velocity, and duration of CT up to 1 µmol\L. Decreases in relaxation velocity and increases in duration were present only at 3 µmol\L. In this translational myocyte model study, therapeutically relevant concentrations of OM increased contractility but did not alter intracellular CTs, a mechanism of action distinct from traditional calcitropes.
Residential mobility in divided societies: How individual religion and geographical context influenced housing moves in Northern Ireland 2001–2011
Authors: Shuttleworth Ian , Foley Brian , Gould Myles , Champion Tony 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResidential segregation is pervasive in many societies. People making residential moves in these divided contexts may increase or decrease segregation levels. In this paper, the divided society of Northern Ireland is used as an example to explore how residential mobility relates to residential segregation by religion. Survey evidence for this country consistently shows a preference for mixed neighbourhoods, yet actual patterns of geographical mobility suggest people move to same‐religion areas. The paper uses the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study (NILS) to explore the individual and contextual factors that influence the destinations of internal migrants by religion between 2001 and 2011. How they move up or down the contextual ‘religion ladder’ of localities is modelled with reference to both their individual socio‐demographic and neighbourhood characteristics in 2001. It is found that there are still individual religious differentials in people's destinations. Catholics, for instance, are more likely than Protestants to move to more Catholic areas, suggesting that individual religion remains important despite the Peace Process. Some possible reasons for this are considered with a partial explanation being found in the geographical patterning of the population. Existing patterns of residential segregation constrain moves in religious space for the majority of people. It is concluded, nevertheless, that an individual's religion remains a considerable factor contrary to expectations.
Generally weighted moving average monitoring schemes: Overview and perspectives
Authors: Mabude Kutele , Malela‐Majika Jean‐Claude , Castagliola Philippe , Shongwe Sandile C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn overview of monitoring schemes from a class called generally weighted moving average (GWMA) is provided. A GWMA scheme is an extended version of the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme with an additional adjustment parameter that introduces more flexibility in the GWMA model as it adjusts the kurtosis of the weighting function so that the GWMA scheme can be designed such that it has an advantage over the corresponding EWMA scheme in the detection of certain shift values efficiently. The parametric and distribution‐free GWMA schemes to monitor various quality characteristics and its existing enhanced versions (ie, double GWMA, composite Shewhart‐GWMA, mixed GWMA‐CUSUM, and mixed CUSUM‐GWMA) have better performance than their corresponding EWMA counterparts in many situations; hence, all such existing research works discussing GWMA‐related schemes (ie, 66 publications in total) are documented and categorized in such a manner that it is easy to identify research gaps. Finally, a number of possible future research ideas are provided.
Determination of metal uptake in single organisms, Corophium volutator, via complementary electrothermal vaporization/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and laser ablation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: von der Au Marcus , Karbach Hannah , Bell Anna Maria , Bauer Oliver Bolle , Karst Uwe , Meermann Björn 
Published: September 2020

Rationale(Eco‐)toxicological effects are mostly derived empirically and are not correlated with metal uptake. Furthermore, if the metal content is determined, mostly bulk analysis of the whole organism population is conducted; thus, biological variability is completely disregarded, and this may lead to misleading results. To overcome this issue, we compared two different solid sampling techniques for the analysis of single organisms.MethodsIn this study, complementary electrothermal vaporization/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV/ICP‐MS) ⇔ laser ablation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA/ICP‐MS)‐based methods for the analysis of individual organisms were developed and the results obtained were compared with the concentrations obtained after digestion and measured using ICP‐MS. For this purpose, a common (eco‐)toxicological test organism, the mud shrimp Corophium volutator, was selected. As proof‐of‐concept application, these organisms were incubated with environmentally relevant metals from galvanic anodes, which are often used for protection against metal corrosion in, for example, offshore wind farms.ResultsThe bulk analysis revealed that large quantities of the incubated elements were detectable. Using the ETV/ICP‐MS method, we could identify a high biovariability within the population of organisms tested. Using the LA/ICP‐MS method, it could be determined that the large quantities of the elements detected were due to adsorption of the metals and not due to uptake, which correlates well with the absence of (eco‐)toxicological effects.ConclusionsThe results obtained imply the efficiency of complementary methods to explain the absence or presence of (eco‐)toxicological effects. In particular, methods that allow for single‐organism analysis or provide even a spatial resolution support the interpretation of ecotoxicological findings.
Azithromycin in viral infections
Authors: Oliver Madeleine E. , Hinks Timothy S. C. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAzithromycin (AZM) is a synthetic macrolide antibiotic effective against a broad range of bacterial and mycobacterial infections. Due to an additional range of anti‐viral and anti‐inflammatory properties, it has been given to patients with the coronaviruses SARS‐CoV or MERS‐CoV. It is now being investigated as a potential candidate treatment for SARS‐CoV‐2 having been identified as a candidate therapeutic for this virus by both in vitro and in silico drug screens. To date there are no randomised trial data on its use in any novel coronavirus infection, although a large number of trials are currently in progress. In this review, we summarise data from in vitro, murine and human clinical studies on the anti‐viral and anti‐inflammatory properties of macrolides, particularly AZM. AZM reduces in vitro replication of several classes of viruses including rhinovirus, influenza A, Zika virus, Ebola, enteroviruses and coronaviruses, via several mechanisms. AZM enhances expression of anti‐viral pattern recognition receptors and induction of anti‐viral type I and III interferon responses. Of relevance to severe coronavirus‐19 disease (COVID‐19), which is characterised by an over‐exuberant innate inflammatory response, AZM also has anti‐inflammatory properties including suppression of IL‐1beta, IL‐2, TNF and GM‐CSF. AZM inhibits T cells by inhibiting calcineurin signalling, mammalian target of rapamycin activity and NFκB activation. AZM particularly targets granulocytes where it concentrates markedly in lysosomes, particularly affecting accumulation, adhesion, degranulation and apoptosis of neutrophils. Given its proven safety, affordability and global availability, tempered by significant concerns about antimicrobial stewardship, there is an urgent mandate to perform well‐designed and conducted randomised clinical trials.
Predefined‐time control of cooperative manipulators
Authors: Muñoz‐Vázquez Aldo Jonathan , Sánchez‐Torres Juan Diego 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA cooperative controller that enforces an exact sliding motion in predefined‐time, assuring cooperativeness, and stable manipulation, is proposed in this article. Alternatively, a continuous controller is also proposed, which induces in predefined‐time that a hybrid force/position error converges into a predefined‐bounded vicinity of the origin. Numerical simulations highlight the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Adaptive estimation for uncertain nonlinear systems with measurement noise: A sliding‐mode observer approach
Authors: Franco Roberto , Ríos Héctor , Efimov Denis , Perruquetti Wilfrid 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article deals with the problem of adaptive estimation, that is, the simultaneous estimation of the state and time‐varying parameters, in the presence of measurement noise and state disturbances, for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. An adaptive observer is proposed based on a nonlinear time‐varying parameter identification algorithm and a sliding‐mode observer. The nonlinear time‐varying parameter identification algorithm provides a fixed‐time rate of convergence, to a neighborhood of the origin, while the sliding‐mode observer ensures ultimate boundedness for the state estimation error attenuating the effects of the external disturbances. Linear matrix inequalities are provided for the synthesis of the adaptive observer while the convergence proofs are given based on the Lyapunov and input‐to‐state stability theory. Finally, some simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Adaptive reuse of heritage architecture and its external effects on sustainable built environment—Hedonic pricing model and case studies in Hong Kong
Authors: Kee Tris , Chau Kwong Wing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe integration of the sustainable development perspective into the discussion of heritage conservation by UNESCO in 2015 represents an acknowledgement of the values of heritage conservation in the agenda of sustainable development. This paper aims to provide empirical evidence regarding how heritage conservation fits into the overall sustainable development in Hong Kong by examining the external effects generated by architectural heritage conservation onto their adjacent neighborhood. By two adaptive reuse heritage case studies with respective hedonic pricing analysis on their adjacent property prices, this paper presents the results of how residential property prices have been increased as a result of heritage adaptive reuse. The analysis suggests that an established heritage grading mechanism along with a socially inclusive conservation approach with community stakeholders not only maintains the authenticity of the cultural heritage, but also brings substantial social and economic benefits to the neighboring communities. The research findings add new knowledge to the studies on sustainable development and provide practical recommendations to policymakers, urban planners, and heritage conservationists in future heritage policy and implementation.
Food stability model: A framework to support decision‐making in a context of climate change
Authors: Ribeiro João Marcelo Pereira , Berchin Issa Ibrahim , da Silva Neiva Samara , Soares Thiago , de Albuquerque Junior Celso Lopes , Deggau André Borchardt , de Amorim Wellyngton Silva , Barbosa Samuel Borges , Secchi Leonardo , de Andrade Guerra José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlobal environmental changes coupled with socioeconomic changes are major challenges to food security. Changes in climate affect most food crops, particularly in countries that rely on agriculture for subsistence. The article proposes a model to analyze food stability in the context of climate change. Genetic improvement, agrobiodiversity, sustainable intensification, climate monitoring, and market monitoring were considered key perspectives for the balanced scorecard to achieve stability in food production. The set of perspectives and indicators were validated by 185 experts, which supported the creation of a balanced scorecard map to assist decision‐making. Therefore, the model could serve as an addition to FAO's approach to food security, driving actions related to global food policy. This research can also assist governmental policies to mitigate the effects of climate change on food stability around the world.
Workplace stress and discrimination effects on the physical and depressive symptoms of underrepresented minority faculty
Authors: Zambrana Ruth Enid , Valdez R. Burciaga , Pittman Chavella T. , Bartko Todd , Weber Lynn , Parra‐Medina Deborah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEvidence‐based research and interventions to address systemic institutional racism have never been more urgent. Yet, underrepresented minority (URM) professionals in research institutions who primarily produce that evidence have remained abysmally low for decades. This unique study of URM university professors assesses factors—vocational strain, role overload, discrimination, coping strategies—that contribute to health and well‐being, research productivity, and ultimately their retention in high impact research positions. We administered a web‐based survey assessing demographics, workplace stressors, perceived discrimination, life events, coping strategies, and physical and depressive symptoms. Study participants include 404 faculty of whom 254 are African Americans, 99 are Mexican Americans, and 51 are Puerto Ricans. Hierarchical regression analyses were employed to assess the associations between workplace stress, coping strategies, and symptoms. Results show that perceived discrimination, vocational strain, role overload, and life events directly affected physical symptoms, with self‐care (p < 0.001) moderating these effects. Vocational strain and life events had direct effects on depressive symptoms with self‐care (p < 0.05) and social support (p < 0.001) moderating these effects. Findings inform health care providers and university leaders about work stress and health conditions that may explain early morbidity and premature departures of URM faculty, and proffer institutional interventions to retain these faculty.
Impact of Starch Storage Condition on Glycemic Index and Resistant Starch of Cooked Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Tubers
Authors: Lal Milan Kumar , Kumar Awadhesh , Raigond Pinky , Dutt Som , Changan Sushil Sudhakar , Chourasia Kumar Nishant , Tiwari Rahul Kumar , Kumar Dharmendra , Sharma Srigopal , Chakrabarti Swarup Kumar , Singh Brajesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPotato is a modified stem, which is rich in starch. Very often, potato is categorized as a high glycemic index (GI) food. Consuming high GI foods should be done with moderation to prevent insulinemic spikes, which can be a preventive measure against diabetes and related disorders. A modified, inexpensive, and precise in vitro method is developed for estimation of GI in potato tubers. Among the six varieties, Kufri Chipsona‐3 exhibits the highest GI (83.08) whereas Kufri Jyoti has the lowest value (72.87); the resistant starch (RS) content being 1.08% (low) and 2.18% (high), respectively. The study shows a significant negative correlation (R = −0.88) between GI and RS, whereas a negative nonsignificant correlation (R = −0.79) is found between GI and amylose content. Further, the starch storage of cooked potato tubers at 4 °C for various periods (up to 48 h) results in a significant reduction in GI and increase in RS content. This newly developed protocol for estimation of GI in potato is a simple, rapid, and precise method. This will help not only the food industry but also the breeders to select the low GI genotype for their breeding program.