bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of motives for densification in Swedish planning practice
Authors: Haupt P A , Berghauser Pont M Y , Alstäde V , Berg P G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the current dominant strategies proposed for sustainable urban development is densification. While some advocate the very reasonable benefits of density, others emphasize the potential drawbacks. The main goal of this paper is to provide a systematic overview of the claimed benefits of densification in Swedish practice and relate this to the scientific evidence. For the systematic overview, comprehensive plans from 59 Swedish municipalities, covering plans from both highly urbanized areas as well as more rural regions, are included. The results show that in three out of four cases where density or densification is mentioned, no motive is given. For the other quarter, the most often used motivation is related to transport (19%), services (17%) and urban environmental qualities (14%). The least frequent motives used are related to health (8%) and ecology (2%). The motives in comprehensive plans are for the most part pointing to a positive impact of density on sustainable urban development (77%), which is not always supported by the empirical evidence that more often describe a negative correlation. Furthermore, many of the most frequently used motives in comprehensive plans have little scientific support, which puts new questions on the research agenda.
District Heating De-Carbonisation in Belgrade. Multi-Year transition plan
Authors: Marijuan Antonio Garrido , Garay Roberto , Lumbreras Mikel , Vladic Ljubisa , Savić Radmilo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A large share of the city of Belgrade is heated by a District Heating network. Established in 1965, the network delivers 3.6 TWh to more than 20 million square meters of households industries and businesses, by means of a 1460km-long network. The system has been continuously upgraded and adapted to new technologies and already operates at relatively low temperature, with modernized substations. However, the delivered heat is still produced mainly by means of carbon intensive technologies. Conscious of the need to de-carbonise the city, a multi-year transition plan was established, where large investments have been secured, comprising greater interconnection levels, installation of large solar thermal plants and waste incineration plants, and the conversion of a power plant into CHP, among others. In this paper, the criteria for the selection of the technologies, the identification of enabling investments, interaction with stakeholders, securing of financing, and status of the plan are presented. After the execution of the de-carbonisation roadmap, it is expected that the DH system will reduce its carbon intensity by 50%.
Stakeholder-specific assessment of environmental, economic and social effects of resource-efficiency measures in urban districts - first results
Authors: Volk Rebekka , Lützkendorf Thomas , Schambelon Sophia , Naber Elias , Mörmann Kai , Böhnke Denise , Norra Stefan , Schuhmann Rainer , Ehbrecht Anke , Balouktsi Maria , Schultmann Frank 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There is a great interest in society in making urban districts more sustainable. Sustainable and resource-efficient urban development (SDG 11) is a process that, based on the analysis of the initial situation, leads to the formulation of specific goals and must be planned, accompanied, assessed and managed. Thus, this contribution presents a fundamental, multi-perspective concept to assess and manage the use of (natural) resources (stocks and flows), in particular (1) water (rain, potable and waste water), (2) land use (settlements, traffic area, open/green areas, ecosystems), (3) raw materials (material in- and outputs, recycling and disposal, C&D waste, and fossil fuels) in a defined urban district.
Identification and quantification of urban planning related framework conditions on energy and resource-efficiency of urban building developments
Authors: Loeffler R , Geier S , Oesterreicher D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Energy efficiency in buildings undeniably plays a vital role in addressing climate change. At the level of building planning, a thorough analysis with thermal dynamic calculations can be carried out to assess energy demand and resulting CO2 emissions of buildings due to the high level of detail usually provided at this stage. In urban planning design on the other hand, energy and resource-related parameters are usually not quantified, as at this stage of the planning process other urban planning factors predominate the concepts. However, numerous aspects that are determined at the stage of urban planning cannot be changed anymore later on in the process even though, they can have a significant impact on the energy demand. This includes the structuring of the building blocks, density and height of the buildings, orientation and inclination of the surfaces as well as greening of the outer shell and availability of direct solar radiation. This paper describes the analysis of parameters, which have a significant influence on energy and resource consumption of urban developments. This includes new developments as well as the existing building stock in order to provide quantifiable indicators for refurbishment and densification measures. The simulation tool CityCalc, which has been developed in a previous research project provides the environment for the analysis. To validate the approach, the identified parameters are analysed in an exemplary case study for a Viennese urban development area. The results aim at identifying and quantifying the key influencing parameters of urban planning design on the energy and resource efficiency of new and existing urban development areas in order to gain essential insights for the integration of climate-relevant factors for future planning processes.
Potential for sustainable urban regeneration policies and practices in Daegu, Republic of Korea
Authors: Schuetze Thorsten , Gohaud Emilien 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
After a period of fast urban growth, which started in the 1960s, urban development in Korea slowed down since 2008 when housing units supply exceeded the number of households for the first time. Depending on the location and specific basic conditions, some areas undergo intensive redevelopments. In contrast, other neighborhoods experience economical and physical deterioration. To facilitate sustainable urban redevelopment, related policies need to address aspects of the New Urban Agenda. This research investigates the different urban development and redevelopment policies in the city of Daegu. Urban projects conducted after 2008 have been mapped and documented in terms of related policies and their degree of implementation, project size, building and population densities, and urban morphology. Potentials for the transformation and densification of existing urban areas are discussed. The research findings are compared with current redevelopment policies and result in recommendations for the evolution of policies towards increased integration of sustainable urban redevelopment aspects.
Green Approach for Post-industrial Urban Regeneration: A case of Economic and Technical Development Zone, China
Authors: Chen Weizhen , Luo May Jiemei , Jian Izzy Yi , Qian Queena K , Chan Edwin H W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For cities facing post-industrial transition, urban greenways are proven strategies to activate urban spaces and improve the sustainability of cities. However, significant challenges remain when seeking to link greenways as a greenway network and integrate greenway networks to urban spaces. Given this shortcoming, Yantai National Economic and Technical Development Zone (YEDZ) was selected as a representative case. This paper analyzed the potential role of greenway network and requirements of post-industrial development for the urban environment. It seeks to develop a regeneration approach that integrating urban greenway planning with overall urban reform. Our priorities are providing a pedestrian network with non-utilitarian rhythms by activating former industrial spaces, restructuring urban green spaces, and integrating greenway networks into diverse urban spaces. In this way, it reveals the comprehensive benefits of the urban greenway network and improves overall urban form - multiple benefits, including economic development and social rewards, be created in the regeneration.
Piloting a collaborative data library of fine-grained data to support knowledge facilitation in architectural courses
Authors: Thuvander L , Green C , Adelfio M , Brandao E , Combrinck C , Billger M , Rautenbach V , Coetzee S , Plessis C du 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study discusses the establishment and pilot of a collaborative data library (CDL) for educational purposes, based on a transdisciplinary collaboration between the architecture departments at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden, and University of Pretoria, South Africa. The CDL was tested Hammarkullen in Gothenburg in a joint exercise during which students from both institutions collected qualitative and quantitative data through site analysis using analogue and digital tools such as KoboToolbox and Maptionnaire. The collected data were uploaded in guided sessions to the web-based platform GeoNode to be stored in a systematic way for re-use of the data later in the course. Results show that the tools and CDL were relatively easy to use. For the students the most interesting aspects were the contextual information gained by using the data collecting tools, and, by that, make communities’ needs heard. Thus, the students appreciated the participatory features of the data collection tools. The CDL will be further developed and tested in the South African design studio in the Mamelodi township of Pretoria early in 2020. The development of the CDL in a transdisciplinary and global context will allow for up-scaling and potentially also applications outside educational environments. The project contributes to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals 4 and 11.
Designing cities? The use of design thinking in urban planning in Finland
Authors: Mensonen A , Hällström A Af 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As the world’s urban population grows, the impact of good city planning increases in tandem. With five billion people predicted to live in cities by 2030, the urban environment will either help or hinder sustainable global development. Engaging citizens in both planning and development is a major part in guaranteeing a safe, affordable, accessible, and sustainable urban environment. Recently, the ideas of design thinking and service design have begun to get more traction globally, but also in Finland, where a thriving industry of design thinking firms has developed. A field with much interest generated, but where little research exists, is the field of public governance. Public institutions have applied methods based in design thinking in efforts to include citizens in the planning process, to gather feedback on current efforts and projects, and to create a stronger sense of community. The aim of this paper is to further our understanding of the use of design thinking in the Finnish urban planning sector using qualitative methods. Initial results indicate a lack of an accepted standard definition of design thinking in an urban development setting, which could lead to future conflict as many public agents are now including methods derived from design thinking in their work.
Structuring a new paradigm: from Mixed Use Developments to Integrated Urban Ecosystems
Authors: Usón Tono Fernández , Fernandez-Anez Victoria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cities are key to achieve sustainability, concentrating more than the half of the world population, in what seems today an uncontrolled, irreversible and challenging urban expansion. Whether we choose a non-planning perspective or a structured one, sustainable urban design become a must for human environment. Mixed-Use Developments (MUD) raised decades ago as a supposed spark that could enlighten the design of our settlements, initially focused on density and walkability to address energy, liveability, health or safety challenges. Analysing literature on MUD methodologies and results, it seems clear that an excessive focus on design has reduced its potential to achieve sustainability. The concept must be widened: a) from land use to human being experience, integrating the different stakeholders in the process b) from stratified 2D land uses to flexible 3D activities guided by real time data in 24/7 updated urban regulations c) from urban morphology to a transversal vision that combines disciplines initially considered far away from design d) from compliance with energy standards, to a complex approach focused on achieving the SDGs, e) from isolated self-profitable market operations to enlarged understandings of sustainable socioeconomic balances based on circular economy principles and e) from energy certificates to urban systems integrated in their socio-cultural, environmental and economic framework. This huge shift on the scope commits the MUDs to give way to the Integrated Urban Ecosystems (IUE), synthetizing this new approach in a conceptual model. The model becomes a tool to support reflection, design and communication with stakeholders. Taking it as a basis, a set of urban design principles are structured in a Sustainable Design Matrix combining sustainability (through the SDGs) with disruptive transdisciplinary approaches. Finally, the global to local transference overlaps the cultural and societal layers to produce affordable and scalable solutions. IUEs potential to leapfrog to more sustainable and resilient human settlements is discussed and conclusions extracted.
Value of Landscape Design In Creating Sustainable Urban Transformation Model For Sarojini Nagar Housing Community, New Delhi
Authors: Raje Ar. Richa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The challenges of rapid urbanization are going to increase as cities are becoming bigger and numerous. These cities then put additional pressure on natural resources to meet its energy demands, creating irreversible damage to environment. New Delhi capital city, that has doubled its urban area in a span of twenty years, is now suffering from pollution, water scarcity and vulnerability to natural disasters etc. Sarojini Nagar (south-west Delhi) is a housing community that is essentially known for its city level informal market. These markets attract large crowds every day and has become a unique social space. Looking at its commercial value, a redevelopment scheme is envisaged by the government to accommodate a population density beyond its carrying capacity. This proposal threatens the 4500 trees at site, which not only acts as green lungs to the city but marks for social and cultural identity. An alternate design approach that explores the possibility to integrate natural infrastructure with urban growth is required for such redevelopment. McHargian method of landscape analysis is adopted to come up with Sarojini Nagar masterplan. Evidence based results from landscape practitioners are devised to formulate several design strategies. In this complex Indian context, the design proposal creates multifunctional and resilient landscapes. It attempts to resolve traffic and cars, by creating pedestrian dominated circulation network, strategic car parks and active streetscape. It safeguards native trees by re-imagining the built-grid and bringing the idea of nature in a convincing way. The hierarchy of well-knit open spaces creates a sense of place & belongingness to the users. Rigorous design ideations carried with planning process allows for creating compact urban infrastructure and sustaining ecology as potential living spaces. Through multifunctional landscape design societal challenges such as population growth, scarcity of resources, environment degradation can be addressed.
A systematic review of the scientific literature on the theme of multi-functional streets
Authors: Stavroulaki Ioanna , Pont Meta Berghauser 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cities consist of 20-30% streets, a gigantic infrastructure that must be maintained and developed. As such, they have the potential to contribute to tackling contemporary challenges as the increasing urbanization and climate change which place higher demands on urban environments, from quality of life, health and safety to environmental sustainability. Multifunctional streets are introduced as an answer to these challenges, as they can fulfil this multitude of functions. This paper presents a state-of-the-art, quantitative systematic review of scientific literature on the theme of multifunctional streets. Scientific papers were filtered from Web of Science and Scopus. Only scientific papers of the last 10 years were included. We will first present a survey of the field and then focus on the empirical papers that help us identify the physical factors which have been proven to support and improve the different functions of streets, from the social and ecologic to the economic and technical. The empirical studies represent 24% of the scientific papers selected, where the social function is the one most frequently studied, followed by the ecologic and the economic function. Within the social function the empirical papers in relation to health (39%) and safety (21%) dominate, followed by the ones studying liveability (9%). We will focus on empirical studies on the themes of Liveability and Safety, two important variables of the Social function, interrelating yet often conflicting.
Resilience hubs: a Maui case study to inform strategies for upscaling to resilience hub networks across coastal, remote, and island communities
Authors: de Roode A F , Martinac I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Resilience hubs are buildings that enhance community cohesion during normal operations, while also enhancing resilience during emergencies. Maui Island is part of the Hawaiian archipelago, approximately 2500 miles from the nearest major continent. Due to its remote location, Maui is ideal to pilot projects that enhance resilience in isolated communities. At the neighborhood-scale, there is a need for establishing sites that empower communities to strengthen their cohesion, resilience and self-sufficiency. This can be achieved by investing in facilities that offer critical community services during emergencies (e.g. backup power, telecommunications, medical supplies, shelter from weather, and food and water rations). Ideally, local communities have a sense of ownership of resilience hubs and frequently use them during both normal and emergency periods. This ensures that hubs are accepted and trusted. Use cases presented in this research offer a methodology for assessing the suitability of proposed resilience hub pilot sites. Resilience hubs must also be assessed for vulnerabilities to climate change impacts and natural disasters, such as flooding, tsunamis, hurricanes, wildfires, and sea level rise. Resilient power systems can be developed for resilience hubs to ensure services are powered whether the power grid is operational or down, as well as to provide additional benefits during normal periods. These methodologies can be used by communities pursuing the establishment of resilience hubs. The highlighted methodologies are particularly applicable to island communities, coastal areas and remote locations, which are disproportionately affected by climate change impacts and natural disasters. This research paper describes three sites on Maui assessed for their suitability as resilience hubs by using the aforementioned methodologies. This research provides a methodology for establishing local resilience hubs on Maui, and how to upscale for application in other communities facing similar conditions. Once established, resilience hubs become a critical part of community resilience planning, while providing year-round benefits and services to local residents and enhancing community cohesion and emergency response and recovery capabilities.
Towards sustainable design: Integrating data from operation of buildings in design practices
Authors: Saridaki Maria , Haugbølle Kim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the Danish Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry has shown increased interest in sustainability in contributing to the achievement of the UN 17 sustainable development goals. Sustainable design is, however, hampered by lack of information and weak data integration especially in the early design stages of building projects. In order to overcome these challenges, research has proposed transferring information from operation to the design of new buildings. By conducting a case study analysis in a Danish architecture firm, this research aims to explore the form of collaboration between architects and building client, and how this collaboration can support or inhibit the calculations of life cycle costing as an essential part of sustainable design practices. The data, for this exploratory research, are gathered through direct observations, surveys and semi-structured interviews. Structured analysis is used as the theoretical methodology to map the flow of data in a paradigmatic building project of the case company and recognize existing forms of knowledge transfer and areas of improvement. The results indicate that there are significant potentials of collaboration, however, several actions should be taken from both sides in order to enable information and data exchange. By improving the collaboration with building clients, architects will gain access to information from operation of buildings, which can be effectively used in architecture design improving the sustainability of buildings and contributing to SDG-9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure.
Demonstrating the applicability and value of high level OECD policy goals through the delivery of operational services
Authors: Lübkert Peter , Halimi Stephanie , Amancio Mel Rusu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
“The OECD provides a forum in which governments work together to seek solutions to common problems, share experiences and identify best practices to promote better policies for better lives”. Thus the Organisation develops global standards to address current and emerging challenges in diverse domains. Related high-level policy goals compose the OECD’s vision of a stronger, cleaner, fairer world economy and society. In this context, the OECD’s facilities management division decided to “translate” high level policy advice into actionable principles when providing operational services in support of the daily work of the Organisation’s activities. The delivery of these services consider best practices and policy orientations developed by the Organisation in domains such as waste management, green growth or public procurement. They also relate to several of the UN Sustainable Development Goals that the OECD supports by bringing together its existing knowledge, tools and experience. Spearheaded by the OECD Executive Directorate, the division in charge of facilities management has made the promotion of good environmental and sustainable practices a priority for the past decade. Waste prevention, reduction and recycling are part of this engagement just as the certification of building infrastructure and related processes. The objective is to demonstrate the applicability and pertinence of policy recommendations in operational support activities.