bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra‐session and inter‐subject variability of 3D‐FID‐MRSI using single‐echo volumetric EPI navigators at 3T
Authors: Moser Philipp , Eckstein Korbinian , Hingerl Lukas , Weber Michael , Motyka Stanislav , Strasser Bernhard , van der Kouwe Andre , Robinson Simon , Trattnig Siegfried , Bogner Wolfgang 
Published: November 2019

PurposeIn this study, we demonstrate the first combination of 3D FID proton MRSI and spatial encoding via concentric‐ring trajectories (CRTs) at 3T. FID‐MRSI has many benefits including high detection sensitivity, in particular for J‐coupled metabolites (e.g., glutamate/glutamine). This makes it highly attractive, not only for clinical, but also for, potentially, functional MRSI. However, this requires excellent reliability and temporal stability. We have, therefore, augmented this 3D‐FID‐MRSI sequence with single‐echo, imaging‐based volumetric navigators (se‐vNavs) for real‐time motion/shim‐correction (SHMOCO), which is 2× quicker than the original double‐echo navigators (de‐vNavs), hence allowing more efficient integration also in short‐TR sequences.MethodsThe tracking accuracy (position and B0‐field) of our proposed se‐vNavs was compared to the original de‐vNavs in phantoms (rest and translation) and in vivo (voluntary head rotation). Finally, the intra‐session stability of a 5:40 min 3D‐FID‐MRSI scan was evaluated with SHMOCO and no correction (NOCO) in 5 resting subjects. Intra/inter‐subject coefficients of variation (CV) and intra‐class correlations (ICC) over the whole 3D volume and in selected regions of interest ROI were assessed.ResultsPhantom and in vivo scans showed highly consistent tracking performance for se‐vNavs compared to the original de‐vNavs, but lower frequency drift. Up to ~30% better intra‐subject CVs were obtained for SHMOCO (P < 0.05), with values of 9.3/6.9/6.5/7.8% over the full VOI for Glx/tNAA/tCho/m‐Ins ratios to tCr. ICCs were good‐to‐high (91% for Glx/tCr in motor cortex), whereas the inter‐subject variability was ~11–19%.ConclusionReal‐time motion/shim corrected 3D‐FID‐MRSI with time‐efficient CRT‐sampling at 3T allows reliable, high‐resolution metabolic imaging that is fast enough for clinical use and even, potentially, for functional MRSI.
Obesity, but not overweight, is associated with plantar light touch sensation in children aged 8 to 16 years: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ajisafe Toyin , Gilson Andrea , Garcia Theresa , DeAnda Noe 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObjectiveIncreased foot‐ground contact loading engenders adaptive glabrous skin thickening and can decrease mechanoreceptor acuity and alter plantar cutaneous sensation. There has not been any research on whether overweight and obesity are similarly associated with normal plantar cutaneous sensation scores in children. This study investigated the associations between normal plantar cutaneous sensation scores and weight status (i.e., healthy weight, overweight, and obesity) in a sample of youth.MethodsPlantar sensation was tested among 122 participants aged 8 to 16 years (10.3 ± 1.8 years; 140.0 ± 11.2 cm; 44.2 ± 16.0 kg) across the forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot using Semmes‐Weinstein pressure aesthesiometry (0.07 g and 0.4 g monofilaments). Weight status was determined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted models were used to explore the relationships between normal plantar sensation scores and weight status. Significant two‐tailed tests were set at p < .05.ResultsOnly obesity was inversely associated with normal plantar sensation scores on the left (β = −.241; p = .009) and right (β = −.222; p = .018) forefeet, left (β = −.322; p = .001) and right (β = −.253; p = .007) midfeet, and left (β = −.286; p = .002) and right (β = −.228; p = .014) wholefeet (relative to healthy weight) when using the 0.07 g monofilament. There was no association between obesity and plantar sensation when using the 0.4 g monofilament.ConclusionsObesity is associated with diminished light touch plantar sensation. Considering previously reported higher mechanical loading and the fact that Merkel cells and the Aβfibers that innervate them are superficial to the hypodermis, adaptive glabrous skin thickening (rather than fat pad thickness) may underlie this association. Contrary to previous suggestions, overweight is not associated with decreased plantar cutaneous sensation.
The importance of policy entrepreneurs in developing countries: A systematic review and future research agenda
Authors: Bakir Caner , Gunduz K. Aydin 
Published: November 2019

SummaryHow and with what effect policy entrepreneurship occurs is a persistent and intriguing question for scholars of public policy and administration and political science. So far, the main interest has been on policy entrepreneurship in developed countries rather than developing countries, which largely remains a black box. Adopting a systematic approach to reviewing the literature, this article aims to fill this void. It investigates when, why, and how policy and institutional reforms in developing countries take place, with special reference to the role of policy entrepreneurs. It reviews selected articles published in the Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge Social Science Citation Index database from 1984 to 2018. It aims to show the current state of empirical and theoretical knowledge about policy entrepreneurship in developing countries and persistent knowledge gaps. The present review contributes to the body of knowledge on this topic in three main ways. First, we provide a comprehensive review of policy entrepreneurship in developing countries. Second, we consolidate existing research in the political science, public policy and administration, and politicial economy disciplines. Third, we establish connections between fragmented literatures, identify gaps between different research streams, and suggest promising paths for future research on policy entrepreneurship in developing countries.
Effect of saline and alkaline solution aging on the properties of jute/poly(lactic acid) composites
Authors: Jiang Ning , Li Yaomin , Yu Tao , Pan Hongyu , Li Yan , Li Di 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, jute/PLA composites were prepared by using twin‐screw extrusion, and injection molding with weight percent of jute fibers was 10%. A saline solution (pH = 7.48 ± 0.1) was prepared adding 0.05 g/mL of sodium chloride. A solution of NaOH with pH = 8.53 ± 0.1 was also prepared. Its water absorption, pH value, and mechanical properties were measured and differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy were performed to analyze the aging mechanism of jute/PLA composite in saline and alkaline solution at 23°C. The results showed that the weight gain for jute/PLA composite immersed in alkaline solution was higher than that immersed in saline solution. The pH of alkaline solution declined faster than saline solution due to the neutralization of alkali and lactic acid, which produced from the hydrolysis of PLA. All the aged composites have a decline on mechanical properties in both solutions due to the degradation of jute fiber, PLA, and the interface between fiber and matrix. Mechanical strength of the composites under alkaline environment was lower than that of the composites under saline environment after aging.
An idealized numerical study of tropical cyclogenesis and evolution at the Equator
Authors: Kilroy Gerard , Smith Roger K. , Montgomery Michael T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTropical cyclone formation and evolution at, or near, the Equator is explored using idealized three‐dimensional model simulations, starting from a prescribed, initial, weak counterclockwise rotating vortex in an otherwise quiescent, nonrotating environment. Three simulations are carried out in which the maximum tangential wind speed (5 m s) is specified at an initial radius of 50, 100, or 150 km. After a period of gestation lasting between 30 and 60 hr, the vortices intensify rapidly, the evolution being similar to that for vortices away from the Equator. In particular, the larger the initial vortex size, the longer the gestation period, the larger the maximum intensity attained, and the longer the vortex lifetime. Beyond a few days, the vortices decay as the cyclonic vorticity source provided by the initial vortex is depleted and negative vorticity surrounding the vortex core is drawn inwards by the convectively driven overturning circulation. In these negative vorticity regions, the flow is inertially/centrifugally unstable. The vortex evolution during the mature and decay phases differs from that in simulations away from the Equator, where inertially unstable regions are much more limited in area. Vortex decay in the simulations appears to be related intimately to the development of inertial instability, which is accompanied by an outward‐propagating band of deep convection. The degree to which this band of deep convection is realistic is unknown.
Functional process zones and their fish communities in temperate Andean river networks
Authors: Elgueta Anaysa , Thoms Martin C. , Górski Konrad , Díaz Gustavo , Habit Evelyn M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFluvial geomorphology provides an initial starting point for characterizing and understanding the ecogeomorphology of river networks. Knowledge of the spatial organization of morphological features and the way they influence processes within river networks is important for identifying potential links between the physical and ecological character of river systems. Here, a top‐down geographic information system‐based approach for determining the physical typology of river networks was used to determine and characterize the functional process zones (FPZs; large tracts of the river network with similar hydrogeomorphological character) of two rivers in central Chile. Seven distinct FPZs emerged from the analysis, and these had a nonuniform distribution along the river networks of the Biobío and Imperial Rivers. Some FPZs were frequent in number, with each FPZ segment being variable in length, whereas others were short and represented in limited number. A strong association between the physical character of FPZs and fish community was shown for the Biobío and Imperial Rivers. Specifically, dominant fish species varied among FPZs, and their habitat preferences were strongly related to the hydrogeomorphic character of the FPZ they dominated. These results are significant, as they can inform design of future ecological research and development of effective monitoring programmes.
Self‐Supportive Mesoporous Ni/Co/Fe Phosphosulfide Nanorods Derived from Novel Hydrothermal Electrodeposition as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yao Mengqi , Hu Haohui , Sun Baolong , Wang Ni , Hu Wencheng , Komarneni Sridhar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLow cost and highly efficient bifuctional catalysts for overall water electrolysis have drawn considerable interests over the past several decades. Here, rationally synthesized mesoporous nanorods of nickel–cobalt–iron–sulfur–phosphorus composites are tightly self‐supported on Ni foam as a high‐performance, low cost, and stable bifunctional electrocatalyst for water electrolysis. The targeted designing and rational fabrication give rise to the nanorod‐like morphology with large surface area and excellent conductivity. The NiCoFe‐PS nanorod/NF can reach 10 mA cm−2 at a small overpotential of 195 mV with a Tafel slope of 40.3 mV dec−1 for the oxygen evolution reaction and 97.8 mV with 51.8 mV dec−1 for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Thus, this bifunctional catalyst shows low potentials of 1.52 and 1.76 V at 10 and 50 mA cm−2 toward overall water splitting with excellent stability for over 200 h, which are superior to most non‐noble metal‐based bifunctional electrocatalysts recently. This work provides a new strategy to fabricate multiple metal‐P/S composites with the mesoporous nanorod‐like structure as bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting.
Standing Carbon‐Supported Trace Levels of Metal Derived from Covalent Organic Framework for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Xu Qing , Zhang Hao , Guo Yu , Qian Jing , Yang Shuai , Luo Dan , Gao Peng , Wu Dekun , Li Xiaopeng , Jiang Zheng , Sun Yuhan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSingle atom catalysts (SACs) are receiving increasing interests due to their high theoretical catalytic efficiency and intriguing physiochemical properties. However, most of the synthetic methodologies involve high‐temperature treatment. This usually leads to limited control over the spatial distribution of metal sites and collapse of porous network that result in limited active site exposure. A strategy to construct SAC by using a covalent organic framework as the precursor is reported in this study. The as‐prepared catalyst is mainly composed of standing carbon layers with the presence of edge‐site hosted metal single atoms. Such structure configuration not only allows full site exposure but also endows the metal site with high intrinsic activity. With a trace amount of cobalt loading (0.17 wt%), the nanorice‐shaped catalyst displays promising electrochemical activities toward catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction in both alkaline and acidic medium. An ultrahigh mass activity of 838 A gCo–1 at 0.9 V is achieved in the acidic electrolyte. This work suggests a new route to design SACs based on covalent organic framework for energy storage and conversion devices.
Simplified method for lateral‐torsional buckling of beams with lateral restraints
Authors: Beyer André , Bureau Alain 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSelected, extended paper from the SDSS 2019 special session ECCS/TC8 – Structural StabilityThis paper discusses the simplified method for the lateral‐torsional buckling design of I‐shaped beams with discrete lateral restraints. This popular method, also adopted in Eurocode 3, Part 1‐1:2005, consists of verifying the resistance of the compressed “flange” of the beam subjected to major‐axis bending. In this case the compressed flange is considered to be composed of the flange itself plus 1/3 of the compressed part of the web. This paper summarizes the analytical derivation of the simplified method and its key assumptions. It then presents inconsistencies arising if the simplified method is compared with the more generally applicable design methods for lateral‐torsional buckling given in Eurocode 3, Part 1‐1:2005. In addition, the design methods are compared with numerical simulations to reveal the lack of conservatism in the simplified method in some cases. The final part of the paper discusses how the simplified method may be modified in order to ensure a sufficient level of safety.
A histone deacetylase 7-derived peptide promotes vascular regeneration via facilitating 14-3-3γ phosphorylation
Authors: Yang Junyao , Moraga Ana , Xu Jing , Zhao Yue , Luo Peiyi , Lao Ka Hou , Margariti Andriana , Zhao Qiang , Ding Wei , Wang Gang , Zhang Min , Zheng Lei , Zhang Zhongyi , Hu Yanhua , Wang Wen , Shen Lisong , Smith Alberto , Shah Ajay M , Wang Qian , Zeng Lingfang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of the endothelium integrity. In this study, we demonstrated that the intron-containing Hdac7 mRNA existed in the cytosol and that ribosomes bound to a short open reading frame (sORF) within the 5′-terminal noncoding area of this Hdac7 mRNA in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation in the isolated stem cell antigen-1 positive (Sca1+) vascular progenitor cells (VPCs). A 7-amino acid (7A) peptide has been demonstrated to be translated from the sORF in Sca1+-VPCs in vitro and in vivo. The 7A peptide was shown to receive phosphate group from the activated mitogen-activated protein kinase MEKK1 and transfer it to 14-3-3 gamma protein, forming an MEKK1-7A-14-3-3γ signal pathway downstream VEGF. The exogenous synthetic 7A peptide could increase Sca1+-VPCs cell migration, re-endothelialization in the femoral artery injury, and angiogenesis in hind limb ischemia. A Hd7-7sFLAG transgenic mice line was generated as the loss-of-function model, in which the 7A peptide was replaced by a FLAG-tagged scrabbled peptide. Loss of the endogenous 7A impaired Sca1+-VPCs cell migration, re-endothelialization of the injured femoral artery, and angiogenesis in ischemic tissues, which could be partially rescued by the addition of the exogenous 7A/7Ap peptide. This study provides evidence that sORFs can be alternatively translated and the derived peptides may play an important role in physiological processes including vascular remodeling.
Incorporating patient demographics into Raman spectroscopy algorithm improves in vivo skin cancer diagnostic specificity
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , Zeng Haishan , Kalia Sunil , Lui Harvey 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe study objective is to evaluate whether incorporating patient demographics into Raman spectral analysis can improve diagnostic performance. In vivo Raman spectra of 731 cases were analyzed by dividing the data into two groups: skin cancers/precancers (malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis, n = 340) and benign lesions (pigmented nevi and seborrheic keratosis, n = 391). Patient age, gender, skin type and location of the lesion were taken into account in the analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis including principal component and general discriminant analysis and partial least squares (PLS) were utilized for lesion discrimination. Based on PLS analysis, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve was improved from 0.913 to 0.934 (P < .05) after incorporating patient demographics into the algorithm; the specificity was increased from 33.5% to 44.5%, 56.0% to 68.5% and 76.0% to 82.1% for sensitivity of 99%, 95% and 90%, respectively (P < .05 for all sensitivity levels).
Black holes with baryonic charge and $$ \mathcal{I} $$ -extremization
Authors: Kim Hyojoong , Kim Nakwoo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recently it was discovered that twisted superconformal index $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
can be used to understand the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of magnetically charged black holes in AdS spacetime. In this paper we apply the so-called $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
-extremization procedure to three-dimensional gauge field theories and their geometric dual, focusing in particular on the seven-dimensional Sasaki-Einstein manifold M1,1,1. We generalize recent studies on relations among toric geometry, variational principles, and black hole entropy to the case of AdS2× Y9, where Y9 is a fibration of toric Sasaki-Einstein manifold M1,1,1 over a two-dimensional Riemann surface Σg. The nine-dimensional variational problem is given in terms of an entropy functional. In order to illustrate the computations as explicitly as possible, we consider cases where either only mesonic or baryonic fluxes are turned on. By employing the operator counting method, we calculate the S3 free energy and the topologically twisted index $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
at large-N. The result for $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
, it turns out, can be also obtained from the variational principle of the entropy functional with mesonic fluxes. We also study asymptotically AdS4 black holes which are magnetically charged with respect to the vector field in the Betti multiplet. By extremizing the entropy functional with baryonic flux, we compute the entropy and find that it agrees with the entropy of an explicit solution in a four-dimensional gauged supergravity which is a consistent truncation of eleven-dimensional supergravity in AdS4× M1,1,1.
Ability of Laparoscopic Gastric Mobilization to Prevent Pulmonary Complications After Open Thoracotomy or Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Booka Eisuke , Tsubosa Yasuhiro , Haneda Ryoma , Ishii Kenjiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEsophagectomy has a high risk of postoperative morbidity, and pulmonary complications are the most common causes of serious morbidity. Thoracoscopic esophagectomy has been reported to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications; however, it remains unclear whether laparoscopic gastric mobilization can reduce the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications after open thoracotomy or thoracoscopic esophagectomy. The present meta‐analysis assessed the ability of laparoscopic gastric mobilization to prevent postoperative complications after open thoracotomy or thoracoscopic esophagectomy.MethodStudies reported between January 2000 and April 2019 in the PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases that analyzed the impact of laparoscopy on postoperative complications were systematically reviewed. In the meta‐analysis, data were pooled and the primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications. The secondary outcomes were other postoperative complications, operative details, length of hospital stay and postoperative mortality.ResultsA total of 13 studies (1915 patients; 1 randomized trial, 1 prospective study and 11 observational studies) were included. Laparoscopic gastric mobilization after open thoracotomy resulted in significantly reduced postoperative pulmonary complications (OR = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27–0.82, p = 0.008) and postoperative mortality (OR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.25–0.94, p = 0.03). Similarly, laparoscopic gastric mobilization after thoracoscopic esophagectomy resulted in significantly reduced postoperative pulmonary complications (OR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.37–0.84, p = 0.005) and anastomotic leakage (OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.39–0.91, p = 0.02).ConclusionsLaparoscopic gastric mobilization could be recommended for reducing postoperative pulmonary complications after esophagectomy irrespective of the thoracic approach.
Simple and efficient synthesis of 2,2′-arylmethylenebis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) derivatives
Authors: Magyar Ágnes , Hell Zoltán 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 2,2′-arylmethylenebis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) derivatives using 4 Å molecular sieves as catalyst is described. This approach offers several advantages such as high yields, mild reaction conditions, easily accessible, and reusable catalyst, and simple work-up procedure.

Graphic abstract
Early Childhood Education and Care Access for Children from Disadvantaged Backgrounds: Using a Framework to Guide Intervention
Authors: Archambault Judith , Côté Dominique , Raynault Marie-France 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Early childhood education and care (ECEC) can have substantial beneficial effects on overall child development and educational success for children from disadvantaged backgrounds. Unfortunately, it is well documented that they are underrepresented in quality ECEC programs. In order to improve access to quality ECEC, it is important to understand the factors leading to these inequities. This paper is based on a synthesis of published literature on interventions aimed at improving access to ECEC. We propose a framework identifying the spectrum of factors influencing access to quality ECEC for disadvantaged populations. We also present, in the context of our proposed framework, different interventions that have been taken to improve access to ECEC opportunities for children from low socioeconomic and/or new immigrant backgrounds. We believe that the framework proposed in this paper serves not only as a framework by which to understand the overlapping processes, factors, and stages affecting access to ECEC, but also as a model to help decision makers coordinate their efforts and maximize their impact towards more equity in access to quality early childhood education.