bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Our Past Relationship with Climate to Understand Climate’s Current Importance: An Exploration of Climate Change During the Little Ice Age
Authors: Cook Sara E 
Published: July 2020

From the years 1300 until the 1850’s people living in Western Europe battled a terrifying and seemingly insurmountable foe, the Little Ice Age. Examining how people of this time not only survived but thrived during an era of cataclysmic climate change can offer us positive perspectives and productive mechanisms going forward in our own battle with climate in modern times. Explored are massive famines and epidemic disease, volcanic eruptions and their after-effects, specific historical events such as the Black Plague and the Irish Potato famine and how all of these devastating events overlap to create a vivid picture of human fortitude. This article uncovers the tools and ingenuity Western Europeans employed to overcome a rapidly changing climate and how those tools are properly utilized to battle devastating climatic events. In exploring both scientific theory, including anthropological works such as Anthony Wallace’s Revitalization Movement, and the modern church’s position on climate change, this article hopes to address the current circumstance of global climate change and provide a potential way forward for modern humans in light of scientific reason and theological discussion about our unavoidable role in the environment.
Theorizing Pentecostal Experiences Among Church of God (Cleveland, TN) Adolescents
Authors: Fraley Christopher D 
Published: July 2020

This article describes and theorizes the liturgical contexts in which adolescents have Pentecostal experiences such as “speaking in tongues” and being “slain in the Spirit.” It is based on ethnographic research done at a Pentecostal church affiliated with the Church of God (Cleveland, TN). I begin by offering a snapshot of modern Pentecostalism in order to demonstrate the framework that informed the context of the current study. Then I describe six factors of the liturgy that facilitate Pentecostal experience in adolescents: the language of encounter with God, the use of music to build emotional intensity, the prominent role of the body, the participatory nature of worship, the call for salvation, and the alter call as culmination of the liturgy. My analysis reveals that adolescents are more likely to have positive experiences if they have been educated in a Christian environment, had a prayer partner, have experienced a sense of distance from God, have accepted a biblicist approach to Scripture, and have a common bodily experience. I argue that Pentecostal experiences are ultimately beneficial and that a thorough analysis of their underlying factors is essential towards the construction of healthier forms of religious experience.
Social Transactions or Christian Ministry?: International and Customary Adoption in Vanuatu
Authors: Nehrbass Kenneth , Nehrbass Daniel 
Published: July 2020

The recent surge of Western interest in international adoption has arrived in the South Pacific. Yet the Christian faith, despite disparate views about adoption, has required both expatriate and Melanesian families to consider, or sometimes reconsider, their own parameters for the adoption or placement of children. Orphan care has become a top social issue especially for Christians in recent decades. However, international adoptions are costly in terms of time and money, and are often at the nexus of these diverging values and conceptualizations. All parties involved can find the process frustrating and disillusioning, even if the end goal is noble and satisfying. In fact, adoption “as a norm” in Vanuatu can positively shape western understandings of adoption. In some ways, ni-Vanuatu conventions regarding jural inclusivity and exchange are closer to biblical ideas of family, kinning, and adoption. This article should familiarize people from “receiving countries” with customary adoption in the Pacific, and should help Melanesians understand the hurdles involved in international adoption. Hopefully, a path can be forged for international adoptions to be arranged such that the best interest of all parties is served.
CENSORSHIP OF LEAKAGE PARAMETERS OF A FINFET BASED SCHMITT TRIGGER AT NANO-METER REGIME
Authors: Mishra Vishwas , Kumar Abhishek , Tyagi Shobhit , Verma Neha , Mishra Divya 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: Recently FinFET technology has gained a lot of attention because of its superior fabrication process that is very similar to the fabrication of a conventional transistor. FinFETs unique feature as well as the potential applications make it a strong contender for the low power chip designs. Research is in full swing to use FinFET in analog circuits like Schmitt trigger, sensors, OPAMP and digital logic. The realization of the FinFET based circuits predicts that it is possible to broaden the concept of Moore’s law without unstoppable scaling of CMOS devices.
Methodology: This work is carried out on the Candence Simulation tool. After the simulation, all these parameters have been compared with previous published 4T Schmitt trigger at 45nm with this design and found that they are in close vicinity.
Main Findings: By combining the superior flexibility and reduced short channel effects (SCEs) of FinFET devices offers a promising approach to implement highly integrated, power-efficient Schmitt Trigger circuit for low power digital applications. Schmitt trigger is a device capable of removing unwanted noise from the input and prevent the other operations from this unwanted noise and improve the performance of the device.
Implications: This study is discussing and performs a comparative analysis of different leakage parameters of a FinFET based Schmitt Trigger with previous 4T Schmitt Trigger at 45nm.
The novelty of Study: Size, power, speed, Cost etc. are important factors for designing any new circuits in the field of Electronics. Various eminent researchers have been making efforts for this. This paper makes some effort to discuss about past research and design a new circuit where the value of delay, leakage power and dynamic power reduces when compared to previously published circuits.
Extractos de Revistas
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana 
Published: July 2020

Incompetencia cervical como causa de aborto habitual y parto prematuroCharles L. Eastarday y Ducan ReidBloqueo utero-sacroWilliam Spanos y James C. Steele Conducta en el carcinoma cervical recurrenteLowe y H. H. AllenConducta en la primipara con presentación de pelvisMorris Sabin y W. R. Foote
Pronóstico precoz del tratamiento del cáncer uterino por medio de la citología
Authors: Cardona Pedro Nel , Isaza Mejía Gustavo , Cardona Arango Fernando 
Published: July 2020

El tratamiento del cáncer cervical uterino ha sido desde el descubrimiento de la actinoterapia enfocado hacia ella o hacia la cirugía, y desde aquellos tiempos hasta nuestros dias se ha discutido la mayor efectividad de un tratamiento sobre el otro, sin haber llegado la oncología mundial a un acuerdo, siendo esta la razón por la cual encontramos que en unas escuelas prefieren la cirugía y en otras los tratamientos físicos ante un determinado grado clínico.
Cechy wpływające na odbiór i opinię o reklamie
Authors: Haławin Arkadiusz 
Published: July 2020

Qualities affecting the perception and opinion about advertisingWhen we ask people “What is this advertisement?” or “What is your opinion about this advertisement?” their judges will be probable very simple. They said, that advertisement is good or bad, nice or ugly etc. We can see there are very general judges, which are difficult to interpret scientifically. In this article is presented the exemplary solution of this problem by hecking how people understand the phenomenon of good and bad advertisement and what qualities are associated with them. On the one hand, there are many general terms, but if we try to check them through the research of communication it turns out that good and bad advertisements are constructs which have different images. Both constructs good and bad of advertising are clearly different. It means that respondents didn’t create one, dominant image of good and bad advertisement. Although opinions of respondents are different it seems we can find and select areas which dominate in both constructs. In the case of the topic of a good advertisement that area is certainly creativity. In any questions related to a good advertisement it plays an important role. Therefore, it seems that the creativity is a key element in the construction of a good advertisement. On the other hand, if there is a bad advertisement, it is observed that main areas are boredom opposition to the creativity, and furthermore vulgarity and causing nervousness.
Bloger a dziennikarz. O dziennikarstwie, blogowaniu i ich wzajemnych relacjach
Authors: Stasiuk-Krajewska Karina 
Published: July 2020

Bloggers and journalists. On journalism, blogging and relations between themThe paper is an attempt to reconstruct the identity and self-description of bloggers on the basis of an analysis of their presentations in tabs like “About me” on their blogs. The reconstruction is carried out in the context of the identity and self-description of the journalistic profession. Its basic goal is to answer the question about the relations between journalism and blogging, especially in the context of the ethical framework of the journalistic profession and its social functions. The author concludes that these identities — of the blogger and the journalist — are fundamentally separate.
Cytotoxicity Assay of 2,4-Dihydroxide-4’-Methoxychalcone Against Cervical (HeLa) Cancer Cell by MTT Assay
Authors: Suryani Novia , Matsjeh Sabirin , Mutmainah Mutmainah , Putri Daratu Eviana Kusuma Putri Eviana Kusuma , Iskandar Damayanti , Asyura Syarifah 
Published: July 2020

Chalcone is one of the phenolic group secondary metabolic with numerous biological activity. Many studies have shown that chalcone derivatives compound has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antibacterial activities. The purpose of this research was to study the prediction potency unsaturated carbonyl system of chalcone derivative against the HeLa cell by MTT assay. Those activities assumed can inhibit the mechanism action of NF-kB that caused cervical cancer. The 2,4-dihydroxide-4’-methoxychalcone has done synthesis as a target compound by a sonochemical for 7 hours. The results showed that chalcone derivative most active against the HeLa cell.
Aquaculture : un problème pour l’environnement ?
Authors: PETIT J. 
Published: July 2020

L’aquaculture intensive est considérée comme une source de pollution. Les interactions étroites entre le milieu d’élevage et l’écosystème où est implanté l’élevage confèrent des caractères particuliers à cette pollution. Les formes de pollution par l’aquaculture sont variées : pollutions organique, chimique, bactériologique, génétique etc. Les flux polluants peuvent être importants localement et géographiquement. On estime que la production d’une tonne de saumons implique 1 km2 marin, et que les élevages norvégiens contribuent pour 8 % et 14 % de l’azote et du phosphore respectivement rejetés en mer du Nord. La législation n’est pas adaptée aux problèmes tels qu’ils se posent en pisciculture. Une législation européenne plutôt axée sur le contrôle des intrants dans l’aliment semble se profiler avec l’exemple danois. Le moyen le plus rapide de réduire la pollution générée par l’aquaculture semble être, pour l’instant, d’abaisser la quantité d’aliments déversés par augmentation de la valeur énergétique de ceux-ci (ce qui diminuera la quantité de matières en suspension), et de remplacer une partie des protéines par des lipides. La mise en oeuvre de ce type d’aliment demande toutefois une technicité élevée. L’avenir des traitements en aval semble limité par le caractère très dilué des polluants et les grands volumes d’eau à traiter. L’aquaculture en tant que production dépendante de l’Environnement peut être un lien privilégié pour des études sur le coût de l’Environnement.
Resident Rotations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Donnelley Claire A. , Won Nae , Roberts Heather J. , von Kaeppler Ericka P. , Albright Patrick D. , Woolley Pierre Marie , Haonga Billy , Shearer David W. , Sabharwal Sanjeev 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Interest in clinical rotations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has grown among high-income country (HIC) orthopaedic residents. This study addresses the following questions: (1) What motivates HIC surgical residents to rotate in LMICs? (2) What is the impact of rotations on HIC residents? (3) What are the LMIC partner perceptions of HIC collaboration?

Materials and Methods:
A search strategy of multiple databases returned 3,740 unique articles pertaining to HIC surgical resident motivations for participating in rotations in LMICs or the LMIC host perspective. Data extraction was dually performed using meta-ethnography, the qualitative equivalent of meta-analysis.

Results:
Twenty-one studies were included in the final analysis. HIC residents were primarily motivated to rotate in LMICs by altruistic intent, with greatest impact on professional development. LMIC partners mostly valued HIC sustained investment and educational opportunities for LMIC partners. From LMIC's perspective, potential harm from collaboration arose from system-level and individual-level discordance between HIC and LMIC expectations and priorities. HIC priorities included the following: (1) adequate operative time, (2) exposure to varied pathology, and (3) mentorship. LMIC priorities included the following: (1) avoiding competition with HIC residents for surgical cases, (2) that HIC groups not undermine LMIC internal authority, (3) that HIC initiatives address local LMIC needs, and (4) that LMIC partners be included as authors on HIC research initiatives. Both HIC and LMIC partners raised ethical concerns regarding collaboration and perceived HIC residents to be underprepared for their LMIC rotation.

Discussion:
This study synthesizes the available literature on HIC surgical resident motivations for and impact of rotating in LMICs and the LMIC host perception of collaboration. Three improvement categories emerged: that residents (1) receive site-specific preparation before departure, (2) remain in country long enough to develop site-specific skills, and (3) cultivate flexibility and cultural humility. Specific suggestions based on synthesized data are offered for each concept and can serve as a foundation for mutually beneficial international electives in LMICs for HIC orthopaedic trainees.
Coding Basics and Guidelines for Musculoskeletal Office Evaluation and Management
Authors: Hinckley Nathaniel , Davidson James , Henley M. Bradford , Davidson Jered R. , McIntyre Louis , Chhabra Anikar 
Published: July 2020

» In documenting a patient encounter, the orthopaedic evaluation consists of 3 key components: “History,” “Physical Examination,” and “Medical Decision-Making.”» The level of service coded must be supported by the complexity of the problem, the care provided, and the documentation of the encounter.» Determining whether the patient is new or established is the first step in the evaluation and management (E/M) process and relies on same-practice/same-specialty rules.» Careful attention must be paid to documentation and coding to allow for appropriate care of the patient and efficient use of the orthopaedist’s time. The available step-by-step guidelines include all necessary criteria to accomplish this.» Continue to monitor for the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) changes to stay up-to-date on changes in the guidelines.
Molecular epidemiological surveillance of Africa and Asia imported malaria in Wuhan, Central China: comparison of diagnostic tools during 2011–2018
Authors: Xie Yiting , Wu Kai , Cheng Weijia , Jiang Tingting , Yao Yi , Xu Mingxing , Yang Yan , Tan Huabing , Li Jian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria remains a serious public health problem globally. As the elimination of indigenous malaria continues in China, imported malaria has gradually become a major health hazard. Well-timed and accurate diagnoses could support the timely implementation of therapeutic schedules, reveal the prevalence of imported malaria and avoid transmission of the disease.Methods: Blood samples were collected in Wuhan, China, from August 2011 to December 2018. All patients accepted microscopy and rapid diagnosis test (RDT) examinations. Subsequently, each of the positive or suspected positive cases was tested for four human-infectious Plasmodium species by using 18S rRNA-based nested PCR and Taqman probe-based real-time PCR. The results of the microscopy and the two molecular diagnostic methods were analysed. Importation origins were traced by country, and the prevalence of Plasmodium species was analysed by year.Results: A total of 296 blood samples, including 288 that were microscopy and RDT positive, 7 RDT and P. falciparum positive, and 1 suspected case, were collected and reanalysed. After application of the two molecular methods and sequencing, 291 cases including 245 P. falciparum, 15 P. vivax, 20 P. ovale, 6 P. malariae and 5 mixed infections (3 P. falciparum + P. ovale, 2 P. vivax + P. ovale) were confirmed. These patients had returned from Africa (95.53%) and Asia (4.47%). Although the prevalence displayed a small-scale fluctuation, the overall trend of the imported cases increased yearly. Conclusions: These results emphasize the necessity of combined utilization of the four tools for malaria diagnosis in clinic and in field surveys of potential risk regions worldwide including Wuhan.
Mutation spectrum and biochemical features in infants with neonatal Dubin-Johnson syndrome
Authors: Kim Kwang Yeon , Kim Tae Hyeong , Seong Moon-Woo , Park Sung Sup , Moon Jin Soo , Ko Jae Sung 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) is an autosomal recessive disorder presenting as isolated direct hyperbilirubinemia.DJS is rarely diagnosed in the neonatal period. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical features of neonatal DJS and to analyze the genetic mutation of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2).Methods: From 2013 to 2018, 135 infants with neonatal cholestasis at Seoul National University Hospital were enrolled. Genetic analysis was performed by neonatal cholestasis gene panel. To clarify the characteristics of neonatal DJS, the clinical and laboratory results of 6 DJS infants and 129 infants with neonatal cholestasis from other causes were compared.Results: A total of 8 different ABCC2 variants were identified among the 12 alleles of DJS. The most common variant was p.Arg768Trp (33.4%), followed by p.Arg100Ter (16.8%). Three novel variants were identified (p.Gly693Glu, p.Thr394Arg, and p.Asn718Ser). Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were significantly lower in infants with DJS than in infants with neonatal cholestasis from other causes. Direct bilirubin and total bilirubin were significantly higher in the infants with DJS.Conclusions: We found three novel variants in 6 Korean infants with DJS. When AST and ALT levels are normal in infants with neonatal cholestasis, genetic analysis of ABCC2 permits an accurate diagnosis.
Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional derived strain echocardiography for assessing right ventricular myocardial deformation in patients with chronic left ventricular heart failure: A proof-of-concept study
Authors: Gao Fei , Liu Chong , Guo Qiang , Jiang Shuang-quan , Wang Zhen-zhen , Liu Li , Li Hai-Ru , Du Guo-Qing , Tian Jia-wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: A novel three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE)-derived strain analysis software specialized for right ventricular (RV) monitoring is emerging that could definitely evaluate RV free wall and interventricular septum longitudinal strain. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance in evaluating RV function between 3DE and two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE)-derived longitudinal strain. Methods: Echocardiographic examinations were performed in 82 patients with RV dysfunction associated with chronic left-sided heart failure and 40 control subjects. RV dysfunction was defined as a 3DE-derived RV ejection fraction (EF) <45%. Both 2DE and 3DE-derived strain analyses were performed in all the patients to measure the longitudinal strain of RV. Results: 3DE-derived peak systolic longitudinal strain of RV free wall (RV-fwLS) was significantly lower in patients with RV dysfunction compared to control subjects (-14.0±4.1 vs. -26.7±4.7%; p<0.001), and it correlated well with cardiac magnetic resonance-derived RVEF (r=0.74, p<0.001). On receiver operator characteristic analysis, a 3DE-derived RV-fwLS cutoff value of >-21.1% was most useful in identifying patients at higher risk of RV dysfunction (sensitivity: 90% and specificity: 85%), also higher than 2DE-derived strain parameters. Additionally, RV dysfunctional patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) had significantly reduced 3DE-derived RV-fwLS value than the subgroup without PH (-13.1±3.8 vs. -15.0±4.2; p<0.05). Conclusion：Assessment of impaired RV systolic function by 3DE-derived longitudinal strain is better than 2DE in patients with chronic left-sided heart failure. 3DE-derived strain analysis specialized for RV should be considered as a complementary tool for assessing RV function.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Long Intergenic Noncoding RNAs Contributed to Skeletal Muscle Differences between Yorkshire and Tibetan Pig
Authors: Huang Ziying , Li Qianqian , Li Mengxun , Li Changchun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

The difference between the skeletal muscle growth rates of Western and domestic breeds is remarkable, but the potential regulatory mechanism involved is still unclear. Numerous studies have pointed out that long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA) plays a key role in skeletal muscle development. This study used published Yorkshire (LW) and Tibetan pig (TP) transcriptome data to explore the possible role of lincRNA in the difference in skeletal muscle development between the two breeds.

Results

Through differential expression analysis, 138 differentially expressed lincRNAs (DELs) were obtained between the two breeds, and their potential target genes (PTGs) were predicted. The results of Gene Ontology and pathway analysis revealed that PTGs are involved in multiple biological processes and pathways related to muscle development. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of DELs were predicted, and the results showed that most QTLs are related to muscle development. Finally, we constructed a co-expression network between muscle development related PTGs (MDRPTGs) and their corresponding DELs on the basis of their expression levels. The expression of DELs was significantly correlated with the corresponding MDRPTGs. Also, multiple MDRPTGs are involved in the key regulatory pathway of muscle fiber hypertrophy, which is the IGF-1-AKT-mTOR pathway.

Conclusions

In summary, multiple lincRNAs that may cause differences in skeletal muscle development between the two breeds were identified, and their possible regulatory roles were explored. The findings of this study may provide a valuable reference for further research on the role of lincRNA in skeletal muscle development.