bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Changes After Amygdala Surgery for Intractable Aggressive Behavior: Clinical, Imaging Genetics, and Deformation-Based Morphometry Study—A Case Series
Authors: Gouveia Flavia Venetucci , Germann Jürgen , de Morais Rosa , Fonoff Erich Talamoni , Hamani Clement , Alho Eduardo Joaquim , Brentani Helena , Martins Ana Paula , Devenyi Gabriel , Patel Raihaan , Steele Christopher , Gramer Robert , Chakravarty Mallar , Martinez Raquel Chacon Ruiz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Intractable aggressive behavior (iAB) is a devastating behavioral disorder that may affect psychiatric patients. These patients have reduced quality of life, are more challenging to treat as they impose a high caregiver burden and require specialized care. Neuromodulatory interventions targeting the amygdala, a key hub in the circuitry of aggressive behavior (AB), may provide symptom alleviation.

OBJECTIVE
To Report clinical and imaging findings from a case series of iAB patients treated with bilateral amygdala ablation.

METHODS
This series included 4 cases (3 males, 19-32 years old) who underwent bilateral amygdala radiofrequency ablation for iAB hallmarked by life-threatening self-injury and social aggression. Pre- and postassessments involved full clinical, psychiatric, and neurosurgical evaluations, including scales quantifying AB, general agitation, quality of life, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

RESULTS
Postsurgery assessments revealed decreased aggression and agitation and improved quality of life. AB was correlated with testosterone levels and testosterone/cortisol ratio in males. No clinically significant side effects were observed. Imaging analyses showed preoperative amygdala volumes within normal populational range and confirmed lesion locations. The reductions in aggressive symptoms were accompanied by significant postsurgical volumetric reductions in brain areas classically associated with AB and increases in regions related to somatosensation. The local volumetric reductions are found in areas that in a normal brain show high expression levels of genes related to AB (eg, aminergic transmission) using gene expression data provided by the Allen brain atlas.

CONCLUSION
These findings provide new insight into the whole brain neurocircuitry of aggression and suggest a role of altered somatosensation and possible novel neuromodulation targets.
Molecular grafting towards high-fraction active nanodots implanted in N-doped carbon for sodium dual-ion batteries
Authors: Mu Sainan , Liu Qirong , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Zhou Xiaolong , Wang Wenlou , Tang Yongbing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sodium-based dual-ion batteries (Na-DIBs) show a promising potential for large-scale energy storage applications due to the merits of environmental friendliness and low cost. However, Na-DIBs are generally subject to poor rate capability and cycling stability for the lack of suitable anodes to accommodate large Na+ ions. Herein, we propose a molecular grafting strategy to in situ synthesize tin pyrophosphate nanodots implanted in N-doped carbon matrix (SnP2O7@N-C), which exhibits a high fraction of active SnP2O7 up to 95.6 wt% and a low content of N-doped carbon (4.4 wt%) as the conductive framework. As a result, this anode delivers a high specific capacity ∼400 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, excellent rate capability up to 5.0 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 92% after 1200 cycles under a current density of 1.5 A g−1. Further, pairing this anode with an environmentally friendly KS6 graphite cathode yields a SnP2O7@N-C||KS6 Na-DIB, exhibiting an excellent rate capability up to 30 C, good fast-charge/slow-discharge performance and long-term cycling life with a capacity retention of ∼96% after 1000 cycles at 20 C. This study provides a feasible strategy to develop high-performance anodes with high-fraction active materials for Na-based energy storage applications.
Nonauscultatory clinical criteria are sensitive for cardiac pathology in low-risk paediatric heart murmurs
Authors: Penslar Joshua , Webster Richard J , Jetty Radha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealthy children with likely innocent heart murmurs are frequently referred to cardiologists for reassurance. Existing guidelines that advise against these referrals are not consistently followed partly because they involve subjective auscultatory judgements with which many care providers are uncomfortable. Here, we investigate whether clinical criteria with no subjective auscultatory component are sensitive for cardiac pathology.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of all new patients seen in our paediatric cardiology clinic for assessment of a murmur from January 1, 2016 through June 30, 2018. Patients were characterized as “low-risk” if they met all of the following criteria: asymptomatic; normal physical examination other than the murmur; no risk factors for congenital heart disease; and age over 12 months. The primary outcomes were the sensitivity for ruling out pathology and the negative predictive value of the proposed criteria.ResultsOf 915 total patients, 214 met the low-risk criteria. The sensitivity of our criteria for ruling out pathology was 97.2% (95% confidence interval 94.1% to 99.0%) and the negative predictive value was also 97.2% (95% confidence interval 94.0% to 98.7%). Six of the 214 low-risk patients had pathology (2.8%; 95% confidence interval 1.3% to 6.0%), none of which has required intervention since diagnosis. Each of these six children had a murmur that sounded pathological to the auscultating cardiologist.ConclusionsBasic clinical criteria that do not require auscultation are highly sensitive for ruling out significant cardiac pathology in children over 12 months of age.
Extremely High Quality?
Authors: Simas Elizabeth N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Though extremism generally carries a negative connotation, ideological extremity can also send positive signals about a candidate’s personal characteristics. Data from the 2010 US House elections show that among a candidate’s copartisans, ideological extremity is associated with higher ratings of his or her competence and integrity. These findings hold even when accounting for distance from the respondent, distance from the district, and party unity. In addition, experimental evidence that better speaks to the causal relationship between ideology and quality shows that these results generalize beyond the 2010 contest. Overall, these findings add to understanding of how individuals form impressions of candidate traits and speak to continued extremity at the elite level, as they suggest that voters may still find value in positions even if they do not match their own.
COVID-19 restrictions and mental distress among American adults: evidence from Corona Impact Survey (W1 and W2)
Authors: Kim Harris Hyun-Soo , Laurence James 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The present study examines the impact of coronavirus-related restrictions on mental health among American adults, and how this relationship varies as a function of time and two measures of vulnerability (preexisting physical symptoms and job insecurity).

Methods
We draw on data from two waves of Corona Impact Survey, which were fielded in late April and early of May 2020. Multilevel models were used to analyze the hierarchically nested data.

Results
Experiencing coronavirus disease-2019 restrictions significantly raise mental distress. This association is stronger for individuals with preexisting health conditions and those who worry about job prospects. These findings hold with the inclusion of region-wave covariates (number of deaths, wave dummy and aggregate measure of restrictions). Finally, there is a cross-level interaction: the restriction-distress connection is more pronounced in the second wave of data.

Conclusions
Our research indicates that people who are more physically and/or financially vulnerable suffer more from the imposed restrictions, i.e. ‘social isolation’. The mental health impact of coronavirus pandemic is not constant but conditional on the level of vulnerability.
On the Voevodsky Motive of the Moduli Stack of Vector Bundles on a Curve
Authors: Hoskins Victoria , Pepin Lehalleur Simon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe define and study the motive of the moduli stack of vector bundles of fixed rank and degree over a smooth projective curve in Voevodsky’s category of motives. We prove that this motive can be written as a homotopy colimit of motives of smooth projective Quot schemes of torsion quotients of sums of line bundles on the curve. When working with rational coefficients, we prove that the motive of the stack of bundles lies in the localizing tensor subcategory generated by the motive of the curve, using Białynicki-Birula decompositions of these Quot schemes. We conjecture a formula for the motive of this stack, inspired by the work of Atiyah and Bott on the topology of the classifying space of the gauge group, and we prove this conjecture modulo a conjecture on the intersection theory of the Quot schemes.
Transcranial electric stimulation as a neural interface to gain insight on human brain functions: current knowledge and future perspective
Authors: Galli Giulia , Miniussi Carlo , Pellicciari Maria Concetta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of brain stimulation approaches in social and affective science has greatly increased over the last two decades. The interest in social factors has grown along with technological advances in brain research. Transcranial electric stimulation (tES) is a research tool that allows scientists to establish contributory causality between brain functioning and social behaviour, therefore deepening our understanding of the social mind. Preliminary evidence is also starting to demonstrate that tES, either alone or in combination with pharmacological or behavioural interventions, can alleviate the symptomatology of individuals with affective or social cognition disorders. This review offers an overview of the application of tES in the field of social and affective neuroscience. We discuss the issues and challenges related to this application and suggest an avenue for future basic and translational research.
Reduced feelings of regret and enhanced fronto-striatal connectivity in elders with long-term Tai Chi experience
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Li Lin , Liu Sijia , Sun Yubin , Li Shuang , Yi Meng , Zheng Li , Guo Xiuyan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The current study investigates how long-term Tai Chi experience affects the neural and emotional response to regret in elders. Participants perform the sequential risk-taking task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. In the task, participants opened a series of boxes consecutively and decided when to stop. Each box contained a reward, except for one which contained a devil. If the devil was revealed, then this served to zero the participant’s gain in that trial. Once stopped, participant’s gains and missed chances were revealed. Behaviorally, the Tai Chi group showed less regret, reduced risk taking, higher levels of nonjudgment of inner experience and less emotional sensitivity to outcome. fMRI results showed that the Tai Chi group demonstrated stronger fronto-striatal functional connectivity in trials with numerous missed chances. The nonjudgment of inner experience mediated the impact of fronto-striatal functional connectivity on Tai Chi practitioners’ emotional sensitivity to outcome. These results highlight that long-term Tai Chi exercise may be effective in alleviating feelings of regret in elders by promoting reduced judgment of inner experience and enhanced emotion regulation through the strengthening of fronto-striatal functional connectivity.
Inequality as entitlements over labor
Authors: Segal Paul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe modern study of economic inequality is based on the distribution of entitlements over goods and services. But social commentators at least since Rousseau have been concerned with a different aspect of economic inequality: that it implies that one person is entitled to command another person for their own personal ends. I call this inequality as entitlements over labor. I propose to measure entitlements over labor by calculating the extent to which top income groups can afford to buy the labor of others for the purpose of their personal consumption. Unlike standard inequality measures, this measure is not welfarist, but instead has its normative basis in relations of domination, hierarchy and social status between people. I estimate entitlements over labor in three high-inequality and two low-inequality countries and argue that inequality as entitlements over labor is socially and politically salient, capturing a side of inequality neglected by standard measures.
Results From an Integrative Behavioral Sleep-Treatment Pilot Program
Authors: Haynes Patricia L. , Bootzin Richard R. , Smith Leisha , Cousins Jennifer , Cameron Michael , Stevens Sally 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives:
To examine whether change in total sleep time during an integrative, behavioral sleep intervention is associated with aggression. Specifically, we tested whether adolescents who reported experiencing aggressive thoughts or actions after treatment had worse treatment trajectories (e.g., less total sleep time across treatment) than adolescents with no aggressive thoughts or actions after treatment.

Design:
Nonpharmacologic open trial with 9 weeks of weekly assessment.

Setting:
University of Arizona Sleep Research Laboratory

Patients or Participants:
Twenty-three adolescents recently treated for substance abuse in outpatient community centers.

Intervention:
Six-week integrative, behavioral sleep intervention.

Measurements and Results:
Weekly sleep-summary indexes were calculated from daily sleep diaries and entered as dependent variables in a series of growth-curve analyses. Statistically significant Session × Post-treatment Aggressive Ideation interactions emerged when predicting changes in total sleep time, γ13 = 9.76 (SE = 4.12), p &lt; .05, and time spent in bed, γ13 = 10.08,(SE = 4.33), p &lt; .05, even after controlling for aggressive ideation and the frequency of substance use, as assessed at baseline. A similar pattern of results was seen for self-reported aggressive actions occurring during conflicts.

Conclusions:
These pilot data suggest that inadequate sleep in substance-abusing adolescents may contribute to the experiencing of aggressive thoughts and actions. Limitations include a small sample size and a restricted assessment of aggression. Nonetheless, these findings lend preliminary support to the breadth of therapeutic effectiveness of an integrative, behavioral sleep-therapy program for adolescents with a history of substance abuse and related behaviors.

Citation:
Haynes PL; Bootzin RR; Smith L et al. Sleep and aggression in substance-abusing adolescents: results from an integrative behavioral sleep-treatment pilot program. SLEEP 2006;29(4): 512-520.
Dynamic Modulation of Beta Band Cortico-Muscular Coupling Induced by Audio–Visual Rhythms
Authors: Varlet Manuel , Nozaradan Sylvie , Trainor Laurel , Keller Peter E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Human movements often spontaneously fall into synchrony with auditory and visual environmental rhythms. Related behavioral studies have shown that motor responses are automatically and unintentionally coupled with external rhythmic stimuli. However, the neurophysiological processes underlying such motor entrainment remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated with electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) the modulation of neural and muscular activity induced by periodic audio and/or visual sequences. The sequences were presented at either 1 or 2 Hz, while participants maintained constant finger pressure on a force sensor. The results revealed that although there was no change of amplitude in participants’ EMG in response to the sequences, the synchronization between EMG and EEG recorded over motor areas in the beta (12–40 Hz) frequency band was dynamically modulated, with maximal coherence occurring about 100 ms before each stimulus. These modulations in beta EEG–EMG motor coherence were found for the 2-Hz audio–visual sequences, confirming at a neurophysiological level the enhancement of motor entrainment with multimodal rhythms that fall within preferred perceptual and movement frequency ranges. Our findings identify beta band cortico-muscular coupling as a potential underlying mechanism of motor entrainment, further elucidating the nature of the link between sensory and motor systems in humans.
Protective role of ascorbic acid on lead-induced damage to the thyroid gland in the rat
Authors: Calderón-Vallejo Denisse , del Carmen Díaz-Galindo María , Quintanar-Stephano Andrés , Olvera-Sandoval Carlos , Quintanar J Luis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Lead exposure is known to affect the pituitary-thyroid axis. Likewise, ascorbic acid (AA) has a protective action against lead poisoning. We examine the protective role of AA in lead-induced damage to the thyroid gland. The Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control that received 0.2% AA in drinking water throughout the experiment (15 days), intoxicated with lead acetate (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally every 48 h for 15 days, and the experimental group treated with lead acetate and 0.2% AA in drinking water throughout the experiment. Plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and lead were determined. The thyroid gland was weighed, then epithelial cell height and nuclear volume were measured on histological slides. The results show that AA reduced the thyroid atrophy caused by lead acetate, as well as the loss of weight of the gland. In addition, it prevented the decrease of the hormone triiodothyronine, although the thyroxine hormone remained lower than the control values ​​and the thyroid-stimulating hormone remains high. Our results indicated that AA could play a protective role in lead poisoning in the thyroid gland.
Reduced Chronic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity in A/J Mice in Response to Life-Time Exposure to Aerosol From a Heated Tobacco Product Compared With Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Wong Ee Tsin , Luettich Karsta , Krishnan Subash , Wong Sin Kei , Lim Wei Ting , Yeo Demetrius , Büttner Ansgar , Leroy Patrice , Vuillaume Grégory , Boué Stéphanie , Hoeng Julia , Vanscheeuwijck Patrick , Peitsch Manuel C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We conducted an inhalation study, in accordance with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline 453, exposing A/J mice to tobacco heating system (THS) 2.2 aerosol or 3R4F reference cigarette smoke (CS) for up to 18 months to evaluate chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity. All exposed mice showed lower thymus and spleen weight, blood lymphocyte counts, and serum lipid concentrations than sham mice, most likely because of stress and/or nicotine effects. Unlike THS 2.2 aerosol-exposed mice, CS-exposed mice showed increased heart weight, changes in red blood cell profiles and serum liver function parameters. Similarly, increased pulmonary inflammation, altered lung function, and emphysematous changes were observed only in CS-exposed mice. Histopathological changes in other respiratory tract organs were significantly lower in the THS 2.2 aerosol-exposed groups than in the CS-exposed group. Chronic exposure to THS 2.2 aerosol also did not increase the incidence or multiplicity of bronchioloalveolar adenomas or carcinomas relative to sham, whereas CS exposure did. Male THS 2.2 aerosol-exposed mice had a lower survival rate than sham mice, related to an increased incidence of urogenital issues that appears to be related to congenital factors rather than test item exposure. The lower impact of THS 2.2 aerosol exposure on tumor development and chronic toxicity is consistent with the significantly reduced levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents in THS 2.2 aerosol relative to CS. The totality of the evidence from this study further supports the risk reduction potential of THS 2.2 for lung diseases in comparison with cigarettes.
Effect of the neurokinin 3 receptor antagonist fezolinetant on patient-reported outcomes in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-ranging study (VESTA)
Authors: Santoro Nanette , Waldbaum Arthur , Lederman Samuel , Kroll Robin , Fraser Graeme L. , Lademacher Christopher , Skillern Laurence , Young James , Ramael Steven 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective:
In the primary analysis of the phase 2b VESTA study, oral fezolinetant reduced frequency and severity of menopausal vasomotor symptoms (VMS) compared with placebo. This secondary analysis evaluates effects of fezolinetant on responder rates and patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

Methods:
In this 12-week, double-blind study, postmenopausal women with moderate/severe VMS were randomized to fezolinetant 15, 30, 60, or 90 mg BID or 30, 60, or 120 mg QD or placebo. Proportion of responders was based on reductions in VMS from daily diary records. P values for comparisons between active treatment and placebo were calculated using logistic regression. Changes from baseline in PROs (Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire, Hot Flash-Related Daily Interference Scale, Greene Climacteric Scale) were conducted using a mixed model for repeated measurements and compared post hoc with published minimally important differences (MIDs).

Results:
Of 356 women randomized, 352 were treated and analyzed. A greater proportion of women receiving fezolinetant versus placebo met definitions of response at week 12. For all doses, mean changes from baseline in Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire VMS scores exceeded the MID (1.2) at weeks 4 (placebo: −1.8; fezolinetant: range, −1.9 to −3.6) and 12 (placebo: −2.3; fezolinetant: range, −2.9 to −4.4). Mean changes in Hot Flash-Related Daily Interference Scale at weeks 4 (placebo: −2.2; fezolinetant: range, −2.5 to −3.8) and 12 (placebo: −2.9; fezolinetant: range, −3.3 to −4.3) exceeded the MID (1.76). Greene Climacteric Scale-VMS domain scores improved for most fezolinetant doses versus placebo (week 4, placebo: −1.7; fezolinetant: range, −2.1 to −3.3; week 12, placebo: −2.1; fezolinetant: range, −2.7 to −3.6).

Conclusions:
Oral fezolinetant was associated with higher responder rates than placebo and larger improvements in QoL and other PRO measures, including a reduction in VMS-related interference with daily life.