bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do the P1 and P2 hairpins of the Guanidine-II riboswitch interact?
Authors: Wuebben Christine , Vicino Maria F , Mueller Marcel , Schiemann Olav 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRiboswitches regulate genes by adopting different structures in responds to metabolite binding. The guanidine-II riboswitch is the smallest representative of the ykkC class with the mechanism of its function being centred on the idea that its two stem loops P1 and P2 form a kissing hairpin interaction upon binding of guanidinium (Gdm+). This mechanism is based on in-line probing experiments with the full-length riboswitch and crystal structures of the truncated stem loops P1 and P2. However, the crystal structures reveal only the formation of the homodimers P1 | P1 and P2 | P2 but not of the proposed heterodimer P1 | P2. Here, site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) in combination with Pulsed Electron–Electron Double Resonance (PELDOR or DEER) is used to study their structures in solution and how they change upon binding of Gdm+. It is found that both hairpins adopt different structures in solution and that binding of Gdm+ does indeed lead to the formation of the heterodimer but alongside the homodimers in a statistical 1:2:1 fashion. These results do thus support the proposed switching mechanism.
The United States National Cancer Institute’s Coordinated Research Effort on Tobacco Use as a Major Cause of Morbidity and Mortality among People with HIV
Authors: Ashare Rebecca L , Bernstein Steven L , Schnoll Robert , Gross Robert , Catz Sheryl L , Cioe Patricia , Crothers Kristina , Hitsman Brian , Marhefka Stephanie L , McClure Jennifer B , Pacek Lauren R , Vidrine Damon J , Vilardaga Roger , Kaufman Annette , Edelman E Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The use of antiretroviral therapy for people with HIV (PWH) has improved life expectancy. However, PWH now lose more life-years to tobacco use than to HIV infection. Unfortunately, PWH smoke at higher rates and have more difficulty maintaining abstinence than the general population, compounding their risk for chronic disease. In this Commentary, we describe a United States National Cancer Institute-led initiative to address the relative lack of research focused on developing, testing, and implementing smoking cessation interventions for PWH. This initiative supports seven clinical trials designed to systematically test and/or develop and test adaptations of evidence-based smoking cessation interventions for PWH (eg, combination of behavioral and pharmacological). We summarize each project, including setting/recruitment sites, inclusion/exclusion criteria, interventions being tested, and outcomes. This initiative provides critical opportunities for collaboration and data harmonization across projects. The knowledge gained will inform strategies to assist PWH to promote and maintain abstinence, and ensure that these efforts are adaptable and scalable, thereby addressing one of the major threats to the health of PWH. Reducing smoking behavior may be particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic given that smokers who become infected with SARS-CoV-2 may be at risk for more severe disease.

Implications
This Commentary describes a National Cancer Institute-led initiative to advance the science and practice of treating tobacco use among PWH, which is now responsible for more life years lost than HIV. We describe the scope of the problem, the objectives of the initiative, and a summary of the seven funded studies. Harmonization of data across projects will provide information related to treatment mediators and moderators that was not previously possible. Stakeholders interested in tobacco cessation, including researchers, clinicians and public health officials, should be aware of this initiative and the evidence-base it will generate to advance tobacco treatment among this high-risk population.
Evolution of Labdane-Related Diterpene Synthases in Cereals
Authors: Toyomasu Tomonobu , Shenton Matthew R , Okada Kazunori 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are labdane-related diterpenoid phytohormones that regulate various aspects of higher plant growth. A biosynthetic intermediate of GAs is ent-kaurene, a tetra-cyclic diterpene that is produced through successive cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate catalyzed by the two distinct monofunctional diterpene synthases—ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (ent-CPS) and ent-kaurene synthase (KS). Various homologous genes of the two diterpene synthases have been identified in cereals, including rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays), and are believed to have been derived from GA biosynthetic ent-CPS and KS genes through duplication and neofunctionalization. They play roles in specialized metabolism, giving rise to diverse labdane-related diterpenoids for defense because a variety of diterpene synthases generate diverse carbon-skeleton structures. This review mainly describes the diterpene synthase homologs that have been identified and characterized in rice, wheat and maize and shows the evolutionary history of various homologs in rice inferred by comparative genomics studies using wild rice species, such as Oryza rufipogon and Oryza brachyantha. In addition, we introduce labdane-related diterpene synthases in bryophytes and gymnosperms to illuminate the macroscopic evolutionary history of diterpene synthases in the plant kingdom—bifunctional enzymes possessing both CPS and KS activities are present in bryophytes; gymnosperms possess monofunctional CPS and KS responsible for GA biosynthesis and also possess bifunctional diterpene synthases facilitating specialized metabolism for defense.
Reactive Carbonyl Species Mediate Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Stomatal Closure
Authors: Islam Md. Moshiul , Ye Wenxiu , Akter Fahmida , Rhaman Mohammad Saidur , Matsushima Daiki , Munemasa Shintaro , Okuma Eiji , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Biswas Md. Sanaullah , Mano Jun’ichi , Murata Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key signal event for methyl jasmonate (MeJA)- and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. We recently showed that reactive carbonyl species (RCS) stimulates stomatal closure as an intermediate downstream of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the ABA signaling pathway in guard cells of Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we examined whether RCS functions as an intermediate downstream of H2O2 production in MeJA signaling in guard cells using transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing A. thaliana 2-alkenal reductase (n-alkanal + NAD(P)+ ⇌ 2-alkenal + NAD(P)H + H+) (AER-OE tobacco) and Arabidopsis plants. The stomatal closure induced by MeJA was impaired in the AER-OE tobacco and was inhibited by RCS scavengers, carnosine and pyridoxamine, in the wild-type (WT) tobacco plants and Arabidopsis plants. Application of MeJA significantly induced the accumulation of RCS, including acrolein and 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-nonenal, in the WT tobacco but not in the AER-OE plants. Application of MeJA induced H2O2 production in the WT tobacco and the AER-OE plants and the H2O2 production was not inhibited by the RCS scavengers. These results suggest that RCS functions as an intermediate downstream of ROS production in MeJA signaling and in ABA signaling in guard cells.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity Converts 3″-Hydroxy-geranylhydroquinone to an Aldehyde Intermediate for Shikonin and Benzoquinone Derivatives in Lithospermum erythrorhizon
Authors: Yamamoto Hirobumi , Tsukahara Mika , Yamano Yumiko , Wada Akimori , Yazaki Kazufumi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Shikonin derivatives are red naphthoquinone pigments produced by several boraginaceous plants, such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon. These compounds are biosynthesized from p-hydroxybenzoic acid and geranyl diphosphate. The coupling reaction that yields m-geranyl-p-hydroxybenzoic acid has been actively characterized, but little is known about later biosynthetic reactions. Although 3″-hydroxy-geranylhydroquinone produced from geranylhydroquinone by CYP76B74 has been regarded as an intermediate of shikonin derivatives, the next intermediate has not yet been identified. This study describes a novel alcohol dehydrogenase activity in L. erythrorhizon cell cultures. This enzyme was shown to oxidize the 3″-alcoholic group of (Z)-3″-hydroxy-geranylhydroquinone to an aldehyde moiety concomitant with the isomerization at the C2′–C3′ double bond from the Z-form to the E-form. An enzyme oxidizing this substrate was not detected in other plant cell cultures, suggesting that this enzyme is specific to L. erythrorhizon. The reaction product, (E)-3″-oxo-geranylhydroquinone, was further converted to deoxyshikonofuran, another meroterpenoid metabolite produced in L. erythrorhizon cells. Although nonenzymatic cyclization occurred slowly, it was more efficient in the presence of crude enzymes of L. erythrorhizon cells. This activity was detected in both shikonin-producing and nonproducing cells, suggesting that the aldehyde intermediate at the biosynthetic branch point between naphthalene and benzo/hydroquinone ring formation likely constitutes a key common intermediate in the synthesis of shikonin and benzoquinone products, respectively.
Overview of KAGRA: Detector design and construction history
Authors: Akutsu T , Ando M , Arai K , Arai Y , Araki S , Araya A , Aritomi N , Aso Y , Bae S , Bae Y , Baiotti L , Bajpai R , Barton M A , Cannon K , Capocasa E , Chan M , Chen C , Chen K , Chen Y , Chu H , Chu Y -K , Eguchi S , Enomoto Y , Flaminio R , Fujii Y , Fukunaga M , Fukushima M , Ge G , Hagiwara A , Haino S , Hasegawa K , Hayakawa H , Hayama K , Himemoto Y , Hiranuma Y , Hirata N , Hirose E , Hong Z , Hsieh B H , Huang C -Z , Huang P , Huang Y , Ikenoue B , Imam S , Inayoshi K , Inoue Y , Ioka K , Itoh Y , Izumi K , Jung K , Jung P , Kajita T , Kamiizumi M , Kanda N , Kang G , Kawaguchi K , Kawai N , Kawasaki T , Kim C , Kim J C , Kim W S , Kim Y -M , Kimura N , Kita N , Kitazawa H , Kojima Y , Kokeyama K , Komori K , Kong A K H , Kotake K , Kozakai C , Kozu R , Kumar R , Kume J , Kuo C , Kuo H -S , Kuroyanagi S , Kusayanagi K , Kwak K , Lee H K , Lee H W , Lee R , Leonardi M , Lin L C -C , Lin C -Y , Lin F -L , Liu G C , Luo L -W , Marchio M , Michimura Y , Mio N , Miyakawa O , Miyamoto A , Miyazaki Y , Miyo K , Miyoki S , Morisaki S , Moriwaki Y , Nagano K , Nagano S , Nakamura K , Nakano H , Nakano M , Nakashima R , Narikawa T , Negishi R , Ni W -T , Nishizawa A , Obuchi Y , Ogaki W , Oh J J , Oh S H , Ohashi M , Ohishi N , Ohkawa M , Okutomi K , Oohara K , Ooi C P , Oshino S , Pan K , Pang H , Park J , Arellano F E Peña , Pinto I , Sago N , Saito S , Saito Y , Sakai K , Sakai Y , Sakuno Y , Sato S , Sato T , Sawada T , Sekiguchi T , Sekiguchi Y , Shibagaki S , Shimizu R , Shimoda T , Shimode K , Shinkai H , Shishido T , Shoda A , Somiya K , Son E J , Sotani H , Sugimoto R , Suzuki T , Suzuki T , Tagoshi H , Takahashi H , Takahashi R , Takamori A , Takano S , Takeda H , Takeda M , Tanaka H , Tanaka K , Tanaka K , Tanaka T , Tanaka T , Tanioka S , Tapia San Martin E N , Telada S , Tomaru T , Tomigami Y , Tomura T , Travasso F , Trozzo L , Tsang T , Tsubono K , Tsuchida S , Tsuzuki T , Tuyenbayev D , Uchikata N , Uchiyama T , Ueda A , Uehara T , Ueno K , Ueshima G , Uraguchi F , Ushiba T , van Putten M H P M , Vocca H , Wang J , Wu C , Wu H , Wu S , Xu W- R , Yamada T , Yamamoto K , Yamamoto K , Yamamoto T , Yokogawa K , Yokoyama J , Yokozawa T , Yoshioka T , Yuzurihara H , Zeidler S , Zhao Y , Zhu Z -H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
KAGRA is a newly built gravitational-wave telescope, a laser interferometer comprising arms with a length of 3 km, located in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. KAGRA was constructed under the ground and it is operated using cryogenic mirrors that help in reducing the seismic and thermal noise. Both technologies are expected to provide directions for the future of gravitational-wave telescopes. In 2019, KAGRA finished all installations with the designed configuration, which we call the baseline KAGRA. For this occasion, we present an overview of the baseline KAGRA from various viewpoints in a series of articles. In this article, we introduce the design configurations of KAGRA with its historical background.
Elizabeth Bishop’s Pink
Authors: Gill Jo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article argues for the significance of the colour pink in the poetry of Elizabeth Bishop. While Bishop’s interest in painting, architecture and sculpture has been widely noted, the importance of colour—and the specific resonance of pink—has hitherto been overlooked. I propose that across Bishop’s career, from early New York and Key West poems and drafts through the poetry of Brazil, such as ‘The Armadillo’, to the late great poems, ‘In the Waiting Room’ and finally, and disturbingly, ‘Pink Dog’, shades of pink operate to crucial effect. This is the case even, or especially, where pink is only tacitly registered (see, for example, ‘In the Waiting Room’ where the pink body is strategically covered by ‘gray’ clothes). Whether directly or by allusion, Bishop uses pink to suggest difference, unease and alarm, particularly in relation to gender, sexuality and the temptations and risks of self-exposure. In pursuing the point, I look to representations of pink in contemporary popular culture, to colour theory such as the work of Johannes Itten, and to the psychology and physiology of shame. By tracing the significance of pink, I suggest, we reach a better understanding of Bishop’s aesthetics of self-knowledge, subjectivity and display.
Clinical course of 602 patients with Takayasu's arteritis: comparison between Childhood-onset versus adult onset disease
Authors: Danda Debashish , Goel Ruchika , Joseph George , Kumar Sathish T , Nair Aswin , Ravindran Raheesh , Jeyaseelan L , Merkel Peter A , Grayson Peter C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To describe the clinical profile of Asian Indian patients with Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK) and to compare clinical features and outcome of childhood-onset Takayasu’s arteritis (cTAK) with adult-onset TAK (aTAK).

Methods
Data related to clinical features and response to treatment of patients with cTAK (age of onset &lt;16 years) and aTAK from a large observational cohort in our tertiary care teaching hospital were noted and compared.

Results
Altogether, 602 patients (cTAK = 119; aTAK = 483) were studied. Patients with cTAK had a blunted female: male ratio; but fever, elevated acute phase reactants, involvement of abdominal aorta or its branches, hypertension, abdominal pain, elevated serum creatinine and cardiomyopathy were more common in cTAK as compared with aTAK. Patients with aTAK were more likely to have aortic-arch disease and claudication than cTAK. During follow-up, complete remission was more common in cTAK (87% vs 66%; P &lt; 0.01), but subsequent relapses were equally common (30% vs 27%; P = 0.63). Independent associations of disease duration at presentation with disease extent [Disease Extent Index in TAK (DEI.Tak)] and damage [TAK Damage Score (TADS)] were observed (P ≤ 0.01). Moreover, 54% of patients with symptom duration of &gt;5 years at presentation still continued to have elevated CRP suggesting continued and active inflammation warranting escalation or inititation of immunosuppression.

Conclusion
Patients with cTAK are more likely to have arterial disease below the diaphragm, systemic inflammation and achieve remission. Disease of the aortic arch is more common in patients with aTAK. Longer duration of symptoms prior to initiation of immunosuppression, thereby leading to extensive disease and damage, reflects ongoing disease activity as the rule rather than exception in untreated TAK.
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Older Workers: The Role of Self-Regulation and Organizations
Authors: Kooij Dorien T A M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We live in an unusual time, which effects all of us in different ways. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, some people are working harder than ever, some people have lost their job, some people can only work from home, and some people have to reinvent how they work (Kniffin et al., 2020). Older 50+ workers might even be more affected by the pandemic compared to younger workers because they are labeled as vulnerable and as being at risk in terms of Covid-19 (Ayalon et al., 2020). However, emerging studies on the impact of Covid-19 suggest that older workers respond more effectively to measures that counter Covid-19 (Losada-Balter et al., 2020). This is in line with the lifespan developmental perspective, which theorizes and demonstrates that older adults generally are very capable of adapting and very effective in dealing with the aging process (Baltes and Baltes, 1990; Freund, 2008). Multiple studies show that older adults engage in various self-regulation strategies aimed at continuously maintaining or restoring person-environment fit (e.g., Kooij et al., 2020; Taneva and Arnold, 2018; Zacher, Kooij, & Beier, 2018a) thus helping them to age successfully at work. In this commentary, I will take a more positive perspective on older workers and discuss the self-regulation strategies that older workers engage in and how organizations can stimulate this. I will end my commentary with some suggestions for future research.
Molecular Characterization of a Pathogen-Inducible Bidirectional Promoter from Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: In Solhee , Lee Hyun-Ah , Woo Jongchan , Park Eunsook , Choi Doil 
Published: August 2020

In hot pepper, the sesquiterpene phytoalexin capsidiol is catalyzed by the two final-step enzymes, a sesquiterpene cyclase (EAS) and a hydroxylase (EAH), which are genetically linked and present as head-to-head orientation in the genome. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that a subset of EAS and EAH is highly induced following pathogen infection, suggesting the coregulation of EAS and EAH by a potential bidirectional activity of the promoter (pCaD). A series of the nested deletions of pCaD in both directions verified the bidirectional promoter activity of the pCaD. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that the 226 bp of the adjacent promoter region of EAS and GCC-box in EAH orientation were determined as critical regulatory elements for the induction of each gene. Based on promoter analyses, we generated a set of synthetic promoters to maximize reporter gene expression within the minimal length of the promoter in both directions. We found that the reporter gene expression was remarkably induced upon infection with Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora infestans, and bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but not with necrotrophic fungi Botrytis cinerea. Our results confirmed the bidirectional activity of the pCaD located between the head-to-head oriented phytoalexin biosynthetic genes in hot pepper. Furthermore, the synthetic promoter modified in pCaD could be a potential tool for pathogen-inducible expression of target genes for developing disease-resistant crops. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Relationship to Mental Health Symptoms and Quality of Life After a Deployment-related Lower Limb Amputation
Authors: Mazzone Brittney , Farrokhi Shawn , Hendershot Brad D. , McCabe Cameron T. , Watrous Jessica R. 
Published: August 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Objective.
To assess the prevalence and association of low back pain (LBP) with psychosocial factors in Service members with amputations.

Summary of Background Data.
LBP is a common secondary health condition after amputation with important implications related to function and quality of life. A growing body of evidence suggests that psychosocial factors influence LBP in patients without amputation. However, there is a dearth of information regarding the association of psychosocial factors and LBP after amputation.

Methods.
Seventy-nine individuals with lower limb amputations who were a part of the Wounded Warrior Recovery Project were included in the analysis. Data on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and quality of life (QOL) were collected from the Wounded Warrior Recovery Project, while data on LBP and LBP chronicity were extracted from the Military Health System Data Repository. General linear models were utilized to analyze associations between LBP and psychosocial factors, while controlling for injury severity and time since amputation.

Results.
In individuals with amputations, 19.0% had acute LBP and 49.4% had recurrent LBP. Individuals with amputations and recurrent LBP reported higher PTSD symptom severity compared with those without LBP (B = 9.213, P < 0.05). More severe depression symptoms were observed in those with amputations and recurrent LBP compared with those without LBP (B = 5.626, P < 0.05). Among individuals with amputations, those with recurrent LBP reported lower QOL compared with those without LBP (B = −0.058, P < 0.05). There were no differences in PTSD, depression or QOL in those with amputations with and without acute LBP.

Conclusions.
Presence of recurrent LBP after amputation appears to be associated with more severe PTSD and depression symptoms as well as lower QOL. Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of addressing psychosocial factors for improving pain and function in service members with amputations and LBP.

Level of Evidence: 3
Evaluation of Health-related Quality of Life Improvement in Patients Undergoing Spine Versus Adult Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Varlotta Christopher , Fernandez Laviel , Manning Jordan , Wang Erik , Bendo John , Fischer Charla , Slover James , Schwarzkopf Ran , Davidovitch Roy , Zuckerman Joseph , Bosco Joseph , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Buckland Aaron J. 
Published: August 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis of outcomes in single-level spine and primary hip and knee arthroplasty patients.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to compare baseline and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing spine surgery procedures with total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to further define outcomes in orthopedic surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Computer-adaptive Patient Reported Outcome Information System (PROMIS) allows for standardized assessment of the health-related quality of life across different disease states.

Methods.
Patients who underwent spine surgery (anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, cervical disc replacement, lumbar laminectomy, microscopic lumbar discectomy, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion or adult reconstruction surgery [THA, TKA]) were grouped. Mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Baseline (BL), and 6-month PROMIS scores of physical function, pain interference, and pain intensity were determined. Paired t tests compared differences in CCI, BL, 6 months, and change in PROMIS scores for spine and adult reconstruction procedures.

Results.
A total of 304 spine surgery patients (age = 58.1 ± 15.6; 42.9% female) and 347 adult reconstruction patients (age = 62.9 ± 11.8; 54.1% Female) were compared. Spine surgery groups had more disability and pain at baseline than adult reconstruction patients according to physical function ([21.0, 22.2, 9.07, 12.6, 10.4] vs. [35.8, 35.0], respectively, P < 0.01), pain interference ([80.1, 74.1, 89.6, 92.5, 90.6] vs. [64.0, 63.9], respectively, P < 0.01), and pain intensity ([53.0, 53.1, 58.3, 58.5, 56.1] vs. [53.4, 53.8], respectively, P < 0.01). At 6 months, spine surgery patients remained more disabled and had more pain compared to adult reconstruction patients. Over the 6-month timespan, spine patients experienced greater improvements than adult reconstruction patients in terms of physical function ([+8.7, +22.2, +9.7, +12.9, +12.1] vs. [+5.3, +3.9], respectively, P < 0.01) and pain interference scores ([−15.4,−28.1, −14.7, −13.1, −12.3] vs. [−8.3, −6.0], respectively, P < 0.01).

Conclusion.
Spinal surgery patients had lower BL and 6-month PROMIS scores, but greater relative improvement in PROMIS scores compared to adult reconstruction patients.

Level of Evidence: 3