bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coal-bearing strata sequence stratigraphy of Paleogene Meihe Formation, Meihe Basin, NE China
Authors: Bai Yueyue , Lü Qingtian , Liu Zhaojun , Sun Pingchang , Liu Rong , Yao Shuqing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Meihe Basin is an important Paleogene coal-bearing basin located in the Dunhua-Mishan Fault Zone, northeastern China. Based on a comprehensive study of well logs, seismic profiles, cores and rock geochemical properties, the coal distribution, paleoenvironment evolution within a sequence stratigraphic framework and the accumulation model to explain how coal seams developed in small fault basinsw were discussed in detail. Three third-order sequences were identified in the Paleogene Meihe Formation of Meihe Basin and the two coal-bearing sequences are the Lower Coal-bearing Member of Sequence I and the Upper Coal-bearing Member of Sequence III. All three types of system tracts are developed in both sequences, i.e., the lowstand systems tract (LST), the transgressive systems tract (TST), and the highstand systems tract (HST). In LST of Sequence I, fan delta plain marsh is the main coal accumulating environment where coal seams are thin, discontinuous and therefore uneconomic for mining, and it is the same with all coal seams developed in Sequence III. While in TST and HST of Sequence I, lake swamp is the main sedimentary environment where coal seams are thick, continuous, widely distributed, and thus economically attractive for mining. In the study area, the nice thick economical coal seams are usually developed in an ideal stable depositional environment where organic matter accommodation space grows at a balanced rate with peat, in other words, free of sediment input or channel migration. The key findings of this study could provide guidance for the exploration of coal seams in the Meihe Basin and other similar basins.
Efficacy of Orbital Radiotherapy in Moderate-to-Severe Active Graves’ Orbitopathy Including Long-lasting Disease
Authors: Choi Jin Hwa , Lee Jeong Kyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to explore the efficacy of orbital radiotherapy (RT) in patients with moderate-to-severe active Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), including long-lasting disease, and to determine the predictive factors associated with treatment response.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 62 moderate-to-severe active GO patients treated with RT. Demographic data and ophthalmic findings prior to RT and at 3 and 6 months afterward were analyzed. Computed tomography was performed before and after RT to compare orbital volume change. We used logistic regression to determine the predictive factors for treatment response. Subjects were divided into early- and late-active phase groups based on GO duration of 24 months and treatment outcomes were compared with each other to observe the effects of RT timing on treatment response. Results: Forty (64.5%) and forty-six (74.1%) patients experienced improvements in GO at 3 and 6 months after radiotherapy, respectively. Ocular parameters such as clinical activity score (CAS), proptosis, extraocular muscle (EOM) limitation, and compressive optic neuropathy (CON) were improved by RT. Volumes of EOM significantly decreased after RT. The enlargement of EOMs and EOM limitation were predictive factors for a good response to RT. At 6 months after RT, 22 (68.8%) patients of late-active phase group exhibited improvement in GO, which is comparable to the number of 24 (80.0%) patients of early-active phase group. In the late-active phase group, CAS, diplopia, and visual acuity were improved significantly, but there was no change in EOM limitation.Conclusions: In moderate-to-severe active GO patients, orbital RT may help improve high CAS, proptosis, EOM limitation, and CON. The orbital RT in long-lasting active GO patients may be considered as treatments for the relief of symptoms including high CAS and poor visual acuity.
Microenvironmental changes induced by placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells restore ovarian function in ovariectomized rats via activation of the PI3K-FOXO3 pathway
Authors: Choi Jong Ho , Seok Jin , Lim Seung Mook , Kim Tae Hee , Kim Gi Jin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Translational studies have explored the therapeutic potential and feasibility of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in several degenerative diseases; however, mechanistic studies of the function of these cells have been insufficient. As ovarian failure causes anovulation as well as ovarian steroid hormonal imbalances, the specific aims of this study were to analyze the therapeutic role of placenta-derived MSCs (PD-MSCs) in an ovarian failure ovariectomy (OVX) rat model and evaluate whether PD-MSC transplantation (Tx) improved folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation in the injured ovary through PI3K/Akt and FOXO signaling.Methods: Blood and ovary tissue were collected and analyzed after various PD-MSC Tx treatments in an ovariectomized rat model. Changes in the expression of folliculogenesis- and ovary regeneration-related genes induced by PD-MSC treatments were analyzed by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and histological analysis.Results: The levels of hormones related to ovary function were significantly increased in the PD-MSC Tx groups compared with those in the nontransplantation group (NTx). The follicle numbers in the ovarian tissues were increased along with increased expression of genes related to folliculogenesis in the PD-MSC Tx groups compared with NTx groups. Furthermore, Tx PD-MSCs induced follicle maturation by increasing the phosphorylation of GSK3 beta and FOXO3 (p<0.05) and shifting the balance of growth and apoptosis in oocytes.Conclusions: Taken together, these results show that PD-MSC Tx can restore ovarian function and induce ovarian folliculogenesis via the PI3K/Akt and FOXO signaling pathway.
Sensory gating and suppression of subjective peripheral sensations during voluntary muscle contraction
Authors: Takahara Terumasa , Yamaguchi Hidetaka , Seki Kazutoshi , Onodera Sho 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: During voluntary muscle contraction, sensory information induced by electrostimulation of the nerves supplying the contracting muscle is inhibited and the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) amplitude decreases. This depression of sensory input during voluntary muscle contraction has been demonstrated by many studies using electrophysiological methods. However, the association between the electrophysiological response of the sensory system during sustained muscle contraction and subjective peripheral sensation (SPS) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in spinal excitability, SEPs, and SPS during voluntary muscle contraction. Results: The appearance rate of the F-wave was significantly higher during muscle contraction than during rest, whereas no significant difference was observed in F-wave latency between muscle contraction and rest. Furthermore, the P25 amplitude of SEPs was significantly lower during muscle contraction than during rest, whereas the N20 amplitude of SEPs exhibited no significant differences. The SPS was significantly lower during muscle contraction than during rest. Conclusions: We conclude that sensory gating, which is found in the P25 component of SEPs during muscle contraction, is one of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the suppression of SPS.
Network Pharmacology-based Strategy for Studying the Mechanism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction for the Treatment of Acute Colitis
Authors: Wang Tingting , Xu Yanwen , Ji Wanli , An Rui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Gegen Qinlian Decoction(GQD) has been used to treat acute colitis (AC) for several years in China and it has shown good efficacy. However, the active components and target proteins of its anti-AC effects remains to be deciphered. Methods: In this study, serum pharmacochemistry and network pharmacology strategy were integrated to identify the constituents in blood and the mechanism of GQD for the treatment of AC. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) was used to identify the absorbed components of GQD in rat serum; molecular docking and compound-target network analysis were used to predict candidate targets and critical components in GQD responsible for efficacy; In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology(GO) enrichment analysis were used to predict the related pathways and biological process respectively; Finally, the model rats with acute colitis were induced by DSS(Dextran Sulfact Sodium) in order to verify the effects and potential mechanism of baicalein, which is an important component of GQD. Results: Based on our comprehensive systematic approach, 23 components were successfully identified in rat serum after oral administration of GQD. The predicted results of molecular docking indicated that these 23 active components closely interacted with 41 protein targets associated with inflammation, immunity and enteric mucos. Among the 23 compounds identified, baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside , liquiritin and daidzin may be the most important components of GQD. Futhermore, according to GO enrichment analysis, the 41 candidate targets identified were mainly involved in two biological process, immune system process and inflammatory response. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed that 41 candidate targets were associated with 62 biological pathways, including HIF-1 signaling pathway and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Animal experiments found that baicalein could inhibit the activation of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1 signaling pathway and significantly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α to alleviate intestinal mucosal damage and achieve a therapeutic effect on AC. Conclusion: This research not only provides a novel and scientific strategy to better understand the complex mechanism of GQD, but also offers a new perspective to identify and/or discover novel active ingredients of TCM drugs.
Clinical Educator and Student Perceptions of a Weekly Observed Practice Activity Evaluation Tool
Authors: Fedoriw Kelly Bossenbroek , Shaheen Amy W. , Birch Michele , Colford Cristin , Golding Julie , Dallaghan Gary Beck 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinical teachers (or preceptors) have expressed uncertainties about medical student expectations and how to assess them. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) created a list of core skills that graduating medical student should be able to perform. Using this framework, this innovation was designed to provide medical students specific, progressive clinical skills training that could be observed. Methods: The AAMC skills were used to develop observable events, called Observed Practice Activities (OPAs), that students could accomplish with their outpatient preceptors. Preceptors and students were trained to use the OPA cards and students turned in the cards at the end of the rotation. Results: 79 of 115 preceptors and 80 of 149 students completed evaluations on the OPA. Both students (60%) and preceptors (70%) indicated the OPA cards were helpful for knowing expectations for a third year medical student, although preceptors found the cards to be of greater value than the students. Discussion: The OPAs enable our outpatient preceptors to document student progress toward graduated skill acquisition. In addition, the OPAs provide preceptors and students with specific tasks, expectations, and a template for directly observed, competency-based feedback. The majority of preceptors found the OPA cards easy to use and did not disrupt their clinical work. In addition, both students and preceptors found the cards to be helpful to understand expectations of a third year medical student in our course. The OPA could be adapted by other schools to evaluate progressive skill development throughout the year.
Ribosomal RNA methylation induced by MYC regulates translation
Authors: Jansson Martin , Hafner Sophia , Altinel Kübra , Tehler Disa , Krogh Nicolai , Jakobsen Emil , Andersen Jens , Andersen Kasper , Schoof Erwin , Ménard Patrice , Nielsen Henrik , Lund Anders 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ribosomes are complex ribozymes that interpret genetic information by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Natural variation in ribosome composition has been documented in several organisms, and can stem from several different sources. A key question is whether specific control over ribosome heterogeneity represents a mechanism by which translation can be regulated. We used RiboMeth-seq to demonstrate that differential 2’-O-methylation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) represents a considerable source of ribosome heterogeneity in human cells, and that modification levels at distinct sites can change dynamically in response to upstream signalling pathways. Ablation of one prominent methylation, induced by MYC oncogene expression, resulted in altered translation of select mRNAs and corresponding changes in cellular phenotypes. Thus, differential rRNA 2’-O-methylation can give rise to ribosomes with specialized function. This constitutes a broader mechanism where the specific regulation of rRNA modification patterns fine-tune translation.
A hybrid procedure for the closure of a large muscular ventricular septal defect in a 6-month-old infant
Authors: Popevski Dijana , Milev Ivan , Rosalia Rodney Alexander , Bibevski Steven , Mitrev Zan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Transthoracic device closure (TTDC), also known as a Hybrid procedure, has been proposed as an alternative, less invasive approach compared to open-heart surgery for the treatment of ventricular septal defect (VSD). Case Presentation: We present our first national case of TTDC in a 6-month-old female baby with a muscular 8mm ventricular septal defect, 3 mm atrial defect, enlarged right and left ventricle and a dilated pulmonary artery complicated by severe pulmonary hypertension.Treatment consisted of two pulmonary artery banding attempts at the age of 2 months to control pulmonary hypertension – the interventions were combined with diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors. Yet, the initial approach was suboptimal as we noticed a failure to thrive continuous sweating and tachypnea. Because of the worsening condition at the age of 6 months, and a weight of 6.6 kg, we performed TTDC. After median sternotomy, a 10mm muscular VSD occluder was implanted under trans-oesophagal echocardiography guidance on the beating heart. The procedure lasted 90 min and was performed without incident; the hemodynamics were stable with only a minor residual VSD. The child was extubated after 2 hours and discharged after five days from the hospital.Conclusions: Transthoracic device closure (TTDC) is a promising treatment modality for large muscular VSD in small infants with low weight. TTDC is feasible in cases with heavy myocardial right ventricle trabeculae and who previously underwent open-heart surgery.
Treatment Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Peripartum Depression: Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Hyunejune , Kim Sungmin , Kwon Ji Yean 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPeripartum depression is a common disorder; it has very high potential hazards for both patients and their babies. Although peripartum depression therapy have typical options, antidepressant and electroconvulsive, these are not ensured concerning safe of fetus. Recently, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(rTMS) have been emerging as promising treatment for neuropathies including type of depression. Using magnetic field is expected to minimize effect on fetuses when used to treat peripartum depression. In this study, we are considering that whether the rTMS treatment is safe and effective for the mother and fetus in the treatment of peripartum depression.PurposePerforming systematical review, we confirm whether repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is suitable treatment option for peripartum depression. MethodsA systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and meta-analysis was performed by CMA3 software. We investigated literature prior to July 2020 using databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Cochrane libraries, and conducted bias evaluation for suitable literature. ResultsrTMS have an effect on mitigating depression with SMD = 1.394, 95% CI: 0.944 – 1.843 and. 37% of participants showed remission of the depression and 66% showed responded to repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. A few side effect was reported and case of unusual side effect was two. However, we confirmed these are not related to TMS. There were no life-threatening side effects.ConclusionsrTMS might be an attractive alternative treatment for pregnant women who are afraid of chemical effect to their child and life threatening side effect of ECT. Furthermore, rTMS could reduce socioeconomic costs of peripartum depression However, much research is needed to determine standardized protocol and evaluate effectiveness.Systematic review registrationThis systematic review was not registered.
Implementation Evaluation of a Multidisciplinary Blunt Chest Injury Care Bundle (ChIP): Fidelity of Delivery
Authors: Kourouche Sarah , Curtis Kate , Munroe Belinda , Lyons Jack , Carey Ian , Buckley Tom 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Ineffective or delayed treatment of patients with blunt chest wall injury results in high rates of morbidity and mortality. A blunt chest injury care bundle protocol (ChIP) was developed and implemented to improve evidence-based care for these patients at two regional hospitals in Australia. ChIP is an early notification system to notify specialist clinician ‘responders’ to prescribe and commence treatment for patients with blunt chest injury in the emergency department (ED). A multi-pronged implementation strategy developed using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW), including seven intervention functions and 15 behaviour change techniques, guided implementation. Fidelity to the implementation strategy was high, with 97.5% fully or partially implemented. Implementation fidelity is the extent to which an intervention has been implemented as intended; it affects the internal and external validity of implementation. This study evaluates the fidelity of intervention delivery (fidelity, dose and reach) at two hospitals. Methods: Pre-post implementation evaluation study. The characteristics of patients, rate of ChIP activations and components of ChIP received by eligible patients were compared pre (1 July 2015 to 21 November 2017) and post (22 November 2017 to 30 June 2019) intervention. Sample medians were compared using the non-parametric median test, with the 95% confidence of the difference estimated using the Hodges-Lehmann estimate. Differences in proportions for categorical data were compared with two-sample z-test. Logistic regression was used to adjust for group differences. Results: Overall, 97.1% of eligible patients received ChIP over the 19-month post-implementation period. Compared to the pre-implementation group the post-implementation group, were more likely to receive evidence-based treatments including high flow nasal cannula (OR=6.8 (4.8,9.6)), incentive spirometry in ED (OR=7.5 (3.2,17.6)), regular analgesia (OR=2.4 (1.5,3.8)), regional analgesia (OR=2.8 (1.5, 5.3)), Patient controlled analgesia (OR=1.8 (1.3,2.4)), and multiple specialist team reviews e.g. ICU liaison (OR=10.7 (6.9,16.7)). Conclusions: High fidelity of delivery was achieved and sustained for ChIP for the implementation of a complex intervention in the emergency context with a robust implementation plan based on theoretical frameworks. Findings from this evaluation can inform future implementation of ChIP and other multidisciplinary interventions in an emergency or acute care context. Trial registration: ANZCTR: ACTRN12618001548224, approved 17/09/2018
Comparative Effectiveness of Direct Admission &amp; Admission through Emergency Departments for Children: A Randomized Stepped Wedge Study Protocol
Authors: Leyenaar JoAnna K. , McDaniel Corrie E , Acquilano Stephanie , Schaefer Andrew , Bruce Martha L. , O’Malley A. James 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Approximately 2 million children are hospitalized each year in the United States, with more than three-quarters of non-elective hospitalizations admitted through emergency departments (EDs). Direct admission, defined as admission to hospital without first receiving care in the hospital’s ED, may offer benefits for patients and healthcare systems in quality, timeliness, and experience of care. While ED utilization patterns are well studied, there is a paucity of research comparing the effectiveness of direct and ED admissions. The overall aim of this project is to compare the effectiveness of a standardized direct admission approach to admission beginning in the ED for hospitalized children.Methods/Design: We will conduct a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial at 3 structurally and geographically diverse hospitals. A total of 70 primary and urgent care practice sites in the hospitals’ catchment areas will be randomized to a time point when they will begin participation in the multi-stakeholder informed direct admission program. This crossover will be unidirectional and occur at 4 time points, six months apart, over a 24-month implementation period. Our primary outcome will be the timeliness of clinical care provision. Secondary outcomes include: (i) parent-reported experience of care; (ii) unanticipated transfer to the intensive care unit within 6 hours of hospital admission; and (iii) rapid response calls within 6 hours of hospital admission. We anticipate that 190 children and adolescents will be directly admitted, with 1506 admitted through EDs. Analyses will compare the effectiveness of direct admission to admission through the ED, and will evaluate the causal effect of implementing a direct admission program using linear regression with random effects for referring practice clusters and time period fixed effects. We will further examine heterogeneity of treatment effects based on hypotheses specified a priori. In addition, we will conduct a mixed-methods process evaluation to assess reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance of our direct admission intervention.Discussion: Our study represents the first randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of direct admission to admission through the ED for pediatric patients. Our scientific approach, pairing a stepped-wedge design with a multi-level assessment of barriers to and facilitators of implementation, will generate valuable data about how positive findings can be reproduced across other healthcare systems.Trial registration: This trial is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04192799, registered December 10, 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04192799)